cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Message Passing-Based 9-D Cooperative Localization and Navigation with Embedded Particle Flow
Creators: name: Wielandner, Lukas
name: Leitinger, Erik
name: Meyer, Florian
name: Witrisal, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Cooperative localization (CL) is an important technology for innovative services such as location-aware communication networks, modern convenience, and public safety. We consider wireless networks with mobile agents that aim to localize themselves by performing pairwise measurements amongst agents and exchanging their location information. Belief propagation (BP) is a state-of-the-art Bayesian method for CL. In CL, particle-based implementations of BP often are employed that can cope with non-linear measurement models and state dynamics. However, particle-based BP algorithms are known to suffer from particle degeneracy in large and dense networks of mobile agents with high-dimensional states.
 This paper derives the messages of BP for CL by means of particle flow, leading to the development of a distributed particle-based message-passing algorithm which avoids particle degeneracy. Our combined particle flow-based BP approach allows the calculation of highly accurate proposal distributions for agent states with a minimal number of particles. It outperforms conventional particle-based BP algorithms in terms of accuracy and runtime. Furthermore, we compare the proposed method to a centralized particle flow-based implementation, known as the exact Daum-Huang filter, and to sigma point BP in terms of position accuracy, runtime, and memory requirement versus the network size. We further contrast all methods to the theoretical performance limit provided by the posterior Cramér-Rao lower bound (PCRLB). Based on three different scenarios, we demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.
description: 14 pages (two column), 7 figures
The prevalence of traumatic symptoms among police officers with different levels of service in the Vancouver Police Department
Creators: name: Ram, Jessbir L.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Police officers are subject to stressors from traumatic incidents, day to day policing duties as well as organizational sources. This quantitative study examined 195 serving police officers in the Vancouver Police Department to determine what if any relationship existed between any prevalence of traumatic symptoms and their years of experience as police officers. Trauma symptoms were measured through the use of the Trauma Symptom Inventory, which was administered to a randomly selected sample. The sample was divided into seven groups based on years of completed service; recruits, 0<2 years, 2<5 years, 5<10 years, 10<15 years, 15<20 years and 20+ years. While the recruit group showed a spike on the validity scale of Response Level and there were spikes in Anger/Irritability and Depression among the 2<5 years and 20+ groups respectively, most of the significant scores were among the group 10<15 years. This group showed significantly elevated scores in Atypical Responses, Anxious Arousal, Anger/Irritability, Depression, Intrusive Experience, Defensive Avoidance and Impaired Self Reference. In terms of support the respondents indicated through a demographic questionnaire that Family Support was the one most frequently endorsed at the high level, followed by Social Support and then by Peer Support. There was also low levels of endorsement of the Critical Item on the TSI that had to do with hurting others and problems due to alcohol consumption and sexual behaviour. Empirical support and personal experiences of the researcher are provided as explanations for the trends. The number of females in the latter groups was limited due to the demographics of the population. Several recommendations are made for future research as well as recommendations to the Vancouver Police Department to address the findings with their sworn members.
Machine Learning Classification of Kuiper Belt Populations
Creators: name: Smullen, Rachel A.
name: Volk, Kathryn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the outer solar system, the Kuiper Belt contains dynamical sub-populations sculpted by a combination of planet formation and migration and gravitational perturbations from the present-day giant planet configuration. The subdivision of observed Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) into different dynamical classes is based on their current orbital evolution in numerical integrations of their orbits. Here we demonstrate that machine learning algorithms are a promising tool for reducing both the computational time and human effort required for this classification. Using a Gradient Boosting Classifier, a type of machine learning regression tree classifier trained on features derived from short numerical simulations, we sort observed KBOs into four broad, dynamically distinct populations - classical, resonant, detached, and scattering - with a >97 per cent accuracy for the testing set of 542 securely classified KBOs. Over 80 per cent of these objects have a $>3σ$ probability of class membership, indicating that the machine learning method is classifying based on the fundamental dynamical features of each population. We also demonstrate how, by using computational savings over traditional methods, we can quickly derive a distribution of class membership by examining an ensemble of object clones drawn from the observational errors. We find two major reasons for misclassification: inherent ambiguity in the orbit of the object - for instance, an object that is on the edge of resonance - and a lack of representative examples in the training set. This work provides a promising avenue to explore for fast and accurate classification of the thousands of new KBOs expected to be found by surveys in the coming decade.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 13 pages, 14 figures. Companion notebooks and data for this work can be found at https://github.com/rsmullen/KBO_Classifier
Consumer Purchases of Biotech Sweet Corn: Results from a Market Experiment
Creators: name: James, Jennifer S.
name: Fleischer, Shelby J.
name: Johnson, David H.
name: Schwab, Bradley D.
name: Lord, John
name: James, Jennifer S.
name: Fleischer, Shelby J.
name: Johnson, David H.
name: Schwab, Bradley D.
name: Lord, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: In the increasingly consumer-driven food system, consumer preferences toward agricultural biotechnology have the potential to influence decisions about development and adoption of biotech crop varieties. Current knowledge about consumer attitudes toward biotech foods is largely based on a number of consumer surveys and a growing body of experimental auctions. This paper reports results of a market experiment designed to isolate the effect of the use of biotechnology on consumer choices between two otherwise identical products. Two related varieties of fresh-market sweet corn were grown, labeled, and sold side-by-side in nine participating grocery stores in the Philadelphia area. Sales data indicate a market share of biotech corn of about 45 percent, with store-specific shares varying between 10 and 80 percent. Over 700 surveys were collected in stores. Surprisingly, only 65 percent of respondents noticed that there were two types of corn for sale despite the labeling and merchandising, and 87 percent of the sample spent one minute or less choosing their corn. About half of the respondents had heard of biotechnology before, and 16 percent volunteered the biotechnology trait as an influence on their purchase decision. Approximately 40 percent of the sample purchased some of the biotech variety, with several respondents purchasing some of each.
Derivation of the order parameter of the chiral Potts model
Creators: name: Baxter, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the order parameter of the chiral Potts model, using the method of Jimbo et al. The result agrees with previous conjectures.
description: Version 2 submitted 21 Feb 2005. It has 7 pages, 2 figures. The introduction has been expanded and a significant typographical error in eqn 23 has been corrected
Characterizing the accuracy of ALMA linear-polarization mosaics
Creators: name: Hull, Charles L. H.
name: Cortes, Paulo C.
name: Gouellec, Valentin J. M. Le
name: Girart, Josep M.
name: Nagai, Hiroshi
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
name: Kameno, Seiji
name: Fomalont, Edward B.
name: Brogan, Crystal L.
name: Moellenbrock, George A.
name: Paladino, Rosita
name: Villard, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the accuracy of linear-polarization mosaics made using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). First, we observed the bright, highly linearly polarized blazar 3C 279 at Bands 3, 5, 6, and 7 (3 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.3 mm, and 0.87 mm, respectively). At each band, we measured the blazar's polarization on an 11$\times$11 grid of evenly-spaced offset pointings covering the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) area of the primary beam. After applying calibration solutions derived from the on-axis pointing of 3C 279 to all of the on- and off-axis data, we find that the residual polarization errors across the primary beam are similar at all frequencies: the residual errors in linear polarization fraction $P_\textrm{frac}$ and polarization position angle $χ$ are $\lesssim$0.001 ($\lesssim$0.1% of Stokes $I$) and $\lesssim$1$^\circ$ near the center of the primary beam; the errors increase to $\sim$0.003-0.005 ($\sim$0.3-0.5% of Stokes $I$) and $\sim$1-5$^\circ$ near the FWHM as a result of the asymmetric beam patterns in the (linearly polarized) $Q$ and $U$ maps. We see the expected double-lobed "beam squint" pattern in the circular polarization (Stokes $V$) maps. Second, to test the polarization accuracy in a typical ALMA project, we performed observations of continuum linear polarization toward the Kleinmann-Low nebula in Orion (Orion-KL) using several mosaic patterns at Bands 3 and 6. We show that after mosaicking, the residual off-axis errors decrease as a result of overlapping multiple pointings. Finally, we compare the ALMA mosaics with an archival 1.3 mm CARMA polarization mosaic of Orion-KL and find good consistency in the polarization patterns.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in PASP. The data used in this paper were taken as part of the ALMA Extension and Optimization of Capabilities (EOC) program, and will be available (along with all calibration and imaging scripts) via the ALMA Science Archive on 1 Oct 2020
Phase Asymmetry of Andreev Spectra From Cooper-Pair Momentum
Creators: name: Banerjee, Abhishek
name: Geier, Max
name: Rahman, Md Ahnaf
name: Thomas, Candice
name: Wang, Tian
name: Manfra, Michael J.
name: Flensberg, Karsten
name: Marcus, Charles M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In analogy to conventional semiconductor diodes, the Josephson diode exhibits superconducting properties that are asymmetric in applied bias. The effect has been investigated in number of systems recently, and requires a combination of broken time-reversal and inversion symmetries. We demonstrate a dual of the usual Josephson diode effect, a nonreciprocal response of Andreev bound states to a superconducting phase difference across the normal region of a superconductor-normal-superconductor Josephson junction, fabricated using an epitaxial InAs/Al heterostructure. Phase asymmetry of the subgap Andreev spectrum is absent in the absence of in-plane magnetic field and reaches a maximum at 0.15 T applied in the plane of the junction transverse to the current direction. We interpret the phase diode effect in this system as resulting from finite-momentum Cooper pairing due to orbital coupling to the in-plane magnetic field, without invoking Zeeman or spin-orbit coupling.
Maori/Non-Maori Income Gaps: Do Differences in Worker Mobility Play a Role?
Creators: name: Renkow, Mitch
name: Scrimgeour, Frank G.
name: Renkow, Mitch
name: Scrimgeour, Frank G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: We estimate a model of net migration between Regional Councils for three age cohorts to test whether or not there are significant Maori/non-Maori differences. We find little evidence of a statistically significant link between worker mobility and labor market conditions. Only in the case of the youngest individuals (20-24 years of age) do we find a significant wage response, and this wage response does not differ significantly between Maori and non-Maori. Unemployment is no case found to be significantly related to migration. We conclude from this that differences in worker mobility and attendant differences in the propensity to take advantage of spatially dispersed economic opportunities has limited potential for explaining Maori/non-Maori income differentials.
Inflaton field potential producing the exactly flat spectrum of adiabatic perturbations
Creators: name: Starobinsky, Alexei A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Presented is the exact solution of the problem of finding a potential of an inflaton scalar field for which adiabatic perturbations generated during a de Sitter (inflationary) stage in the early Universe have the exactly flat (or, the Harrison-Zeldovich) initial spectrum. This solution lies outside the scope of the slow-roll approximation and higher-order corrections to it. The potential found depends on two arbitrary physical constants, one of those determines an amplitude of perturbations. For small (zero) values of the other constant, a long (infinite) inflationary stage with slow rolling of the inflaton field exists.
description: 8 pages, 1 eps.fig. JETP Lett. (2005), in press
Spacetime foam and high-energy photons
Creators: name: Klinkhamer, F. R.
name: Rupp, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that high-energy astrophysics can provide information on the small-scale structure of spacetime.
description: Invited talk at A Life With Stars (Conference in Honor of Ed van den Heuvel), Amsterdam, August, 2005; v3: published version with Note Added in Proof
Social Preferences and Relational Contracting: An Experimental Investigation
Creators: name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Roe, Brian E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The form and regulation of contracts is of increasing importance to agricultural economists as farmers and agribusinesses increasing rely on contracts rather than markets to acquire inputs and sell outputs. We focus on the differences between the joint and individual surplus achievable under complete versus incomplete or relational contracts, where the latter are contracts that are not verifiable by a third party and must rely upon threat of termination in order to entice mutually satisfactory performance. Using an experimental market similar to Brown, Falk, and Fehr [Brown, M., A. Falk, and E. Fehr. Relational Contracts and the Nature of Market Interactions, Econometrica, 72 (2004):747-780] we replicate the general results found by these authors, including the qualitative findings that complete contracts dominate incomplete contracts in terms of social surplus generated and that incomplete contracts significantly deviate from the minimal levels of social surplus predicted by equilibrium models featuring purely self-interested agents. We extend the Brown, Falk, and Fehr results in a fundamental way: we explicitly link individual outcomes in relational contracts (e.g, surplus, prices, quality) to the nature of subjects' social preferences, which were measured by a separate experimental protocol that was implemented prior to the experimental trading session. We find subjects with other-regarding preferences enter into relational contracts that generate levels of social surplus similar to the surplus generated under complete contracts. Furthermore, subjects with other-regarding preferences tend to locate others with similar preferences and enter into long-term trading relationships that generate these higher surplus levels. We discuss the ramifications of the results for current regulatory efforts aimed at agricultural contracts.
Persistence of Profitability in Family-Owned Food Businesses
Creators: name: Boland, Michael A.
name: Pendell, Dustin L.
name: Boland, Michael A.
name: Pendell, Dustin L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: We examine firm profitability in the food economy and determine the source of variance of firm profitability in family-owned and non-family-owned food processing firms. The results indicate firm effects dominate in explaining the variance in the business-segment performance in the food economy. More specifically, we find family-owned firms compared to non-family-owned firms have a higher percentage of total variance in the business-segment performance explained by yearly effects, industry effects, and firm effects for both the random-effects and fixed-effects models.
Non-oscillating Early Dark Energy and Quintessence from Alpha-Attractors
Creators: name: Brissenden, Lucy
name: Dimopoulos, Konstantinos
name: López, Samuel Sánchez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early dark energy (EDE) is one of the most promising possibilities in order to resolve the Hubble tension: the discrepancy between early and late-Universe measurements of the Hubble constant. In this paper we propose a model of a scalar field which can explain both EDE and late Dark Energy (DE) in a joined manner without additional fine-tuning. The field features kinetic poles as with alpha-attractors. Our model provides an injection of EDE near matter-radiation equality, and redshifts away shortly after via free-fall, later refreezing to become late-time DE at the present day. Using reasonable estimates of the current constraints on EDE from the literature, we find that the parameter space is narrow but viable. As such our model is readily falsifiable. In contrast to other work in EDE, our model is non-oscillatory, which causes its decay to be faster than that of the usual oscillatory EDE, thereby achieving better agreement with observations.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables. Published version
Discovery of a Featureless X-Ray Spectrum in the Supernova Remnant Shell of G330.2+1.0
Creators: name: Torii, K.
name: Uchida, H.
name: Hasuike, K.
name: Tsunemi, H.
name: Yamaguchi, Y.
name: Shibata, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here on the first pointed X-ray observation of the supernova remnant (SNR) G330.2+1.0. The X-ray morphology is characterized by an extended shell. Its X-ray spectrum is well represented by a single power-law function with a photon index of $γ\simeq 2.8$ and interstellar absorption of $n_{\rm H}\simeq2.6\times 10^{22}$[cm$^{-2}$]. We interpret this emission as synchrotron radiation from accelerated electrons at the SNR shock, as seen in SN 1006. The surface brightness of the X-ray emission is anti-correlated with the radio emission, and the power-law spectrum is dominated at the western shell where the radio emission is weak. The co-existence of two distinct (radio bright/X-ray faint and radio faint/X-ray bright) shells in a single supernova remnant challenges our understanding of the particle acceleration and radiation mechanisms in different interstellar environments. The object may be a good target for searching TeV gamma-rays and molecular gas surrounding the blast shock. We also report on the nature of a bright point-like source (AX J1601-5143) to the south of the SNR.
description: PASJ, in press
Planning of School Teaching during COVID-19
Creators: name: Gandolfi, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 49N90 (Primary) 93C15, 34H05 (Secondary)

description: More than one billion students are out of school because of Covid-19, forced to a remote learning that has several drawbacks and has been hurriedly arranged; in addition, most countries are currently uncertain on how to plan school activities for the 2020-2021 school year; all of this makes learning and education some of the biggest world issues of the current pandemic. Unfortunately, due to the length of the incubation period of Covid-19, full opening of schools seems to be impractical till a vaccine is available. In order to support the possibility of some in-person learning, we study a mathematical model of the diffusion of the epidemic due to school opening, and evaluate plans aimed at containing the extra Covid-19 cases due to school activities while ensuring an adequate number of in-class learning periods. We consider a SEAIR model with an external source of infection and a suitable loss function; after a realistic parameter selection, we numerically determine optimal school opening strategies by simulated annealing. It turns out that blended models, with almost periodic alternations of in-class and remote teaching days or weeks, are generally optimal. Besides containing Covid-19 diffusion, these solutions could be pedagogically acceptable, and could also become a driving model for the society at large. In a prototypical example, the optimal strategy results in the school opening 90 days out of 200 with the number of Covid-19 cases among the individuals related to the school increasing by about 66%, instead of the about 250% increase that would have been a consequence of full opening.
description: 14 page, 2 figures
Multiple Shocks in a Driven Diffusive System with Two Species of Particles
Creators: name: Jafarpour, Farhad H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A one-dimensional driven diffusive system with two types of particles and nearest neighbors interactions has been considered on a finite lattice with open boundaries. The particles can enter and leave the system from both ends of the lattice and there is also a probability for converting the particle type at the boundaries. We will show that on a special manifold in the parameters space multiple shocks evolve in the system for both species of particles which perform continuous time random walks on the lattice.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in Physica A
DETERMINANTS OF ADOPTION OF ALTERNATIVES TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE USE IN CALIFORNIA ALMONDS
Creators: name: Goodhue, Rachael E.
name: Klonsky, Karen
name: Goodhue, Rachael E.
name: Klonsky, Karen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: In order to explain trends in pesticide use, modeling efforts were undertaken related to dormant season organophosphate use in California almonds. Over time, growers are less likely to choose to use environmentally unfriendly pesticides, especially when effective alternatives are available.
The random cluster model and new summation and integration identities
Creators: name: Chen, L. C.
name: Wu, F. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly evaluate the free energy of the random cluster model at its critical point for 0 < q < 4 using an exact result due to Baxter, Temperley and Ashley. It is found that the resulting expression assumes a form which depends on whether $π/2\cos^{-1}[\sqrt(q)/2]$ is a rational number, and if it is a rational number whether the denominator is an odd integer. Our consideration leads to new summation identities and, for q = 2, a closed-form evaluation of the integral [1/(4π^2)] \int_0^{2π}dx \int_0^{2π}dy ln[A + B + C - A cos x - B cos y - C cos(x + y)] = -\ln(2S) + (2/π)[Ti_2(AS) + Ti_2(BS) + Ti_2(CS)], where A, B, C >=0 and S = 1/\sqrt{AB+BC+CA}.
description: 15 pages
Parameter free treatment of a layered correlated van der Waals magnet: CrPS$_{4}$
Creators: name: Alcantara, A. R.
name: Lane, C.
name: Haraldsen, J. T.
name: Tutchton, R . M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic and magnetic structure of CrPS$_{4}$, a 2D magnetic semiconductor is examined by employing the SCAN meta-GGA density functional. We find the resulting magnetic moment and band gap are in excellent agreement with experiment. From the bulk magnetic configurations, we confirm the experimentally observed A-type antiferromagnetic (A-AFM) ordered ground state with a magnetic moment of 2.78 $μ_B$ per chromium atom and band gap of 1.34 eV. To gain insight into the evolution of the ground state with layers, the total energy of each magnetic configuration is calculated for a variety of thicknesses. Monolayer CrPS$_{4}$ is predicted to be a ferromagnetic insulator with a band gap of 1.37 eV, and A-AFM for bilayer and trilayer, with band gaps of 1.35 eV and 1.30 eV, respectively. The electronic structure is reported for the single, two, three layer and bulk CrPS$_{4}$. Finally, we explore the optical properties of the 2D structure and report the dielectric tensor components and Kerr parameters for the monolayer.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
A SYSTEMS APPROACH FOR EVALUATING ON-FARM SITE-SPECIFIC MANAGEMENT TRIALS: A CASE STUDY WITH VARIABLE RATE MANURE AND CROP QUALITY RESPONSE TO INPUTS
Creators: name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Malzer, Gary L.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Malzer, Gary L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Site-specific application of manure has the potential to improve crop production and environmental quality. If manure is applied where it is needed, in the quantity required by the crop, over application, with attendant runoff and leaching problems can be reduced. To implement this approach growers need site-specific crop response information. Increasing availability of site-specific yield information offers a way to estimate such crop responses. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology for estimating site-specific response of corn and soybeans to manure given soil test information, and to use that methodology to analyze an on-farm manure management trial conducted near Sleepy Eye, Minnesota. Both quantity and quality of the crop is considered.
Active Learning A Neural Network Model For Gold Clusters \& Bulk From Sparse First Principles Training Data
Creators: name: Loeffler, Troy D
name: Manna, Sukriti
name: Patra, Tarak K
name: Chan, Henry
name: Narayanan, Badri
name: Sankaranarayanan, Subramanian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small metal clusters are of fundamental scientific interest and of tremendous significance in catalysis. These nanoscale clusters display diverse geometries and structural motifs depending on the cluster size; a knowledge of this size-dependent structural motifs and their dynamical evolution has been of longstanding interest. Classical MD typically employ predefined functional forms which limits their ability to capture such complex size-dependent structural and dynamical transformation. Neural Network (NN) based potentials represent flexible alternatives and in principle, well-trained NN potentials can provide high level of flexibility, transferability and accuracy on-par with the reference model used for training. A major challenge, however, is that NN models are interpolative and requires large quantities of training data to ensure that the model adequately samples the energy landscape both near and far-from-equilibrium. Here, we introduce an active learning (AL) scheme that trains a NN model on-the-fly with minimal amount of first-principles based training data. Our AL workflow is initiated with a sparse training dataset (1 to 5 data points) and is updated on-the-fly via a Nested Ensemble Monte Carlo scheme that iteratively queries the energy landscape in regions of failure and updates the training pool to improve the network performance. Using a representative system of gold clusters, we demonstrate that our AL workflow can train a NN with ~500 total reference calculations. Our NN predictions are within 30 meV/atom and 40 meV/Åof the reference DFT calculations. Moreover, our AL-NN model also adequately captures the various size-dependent structural and dynamical properties of gold clusters in excellent agreement with DFT calculations and available experiments.
MARKET POWER IN DIRECT MARKETING OF FRESH PRODUCE: COMMUNITY SUPPORTED AGRICULTURE FARMS
Creators: name: Lass, Daniel A.
name: Lavoie, Nathalie
name: Fetter, T. Robert
name: Lass, Daniel A.
name: Lavoie, Nathalie
name: Fetter, T. Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: CSA farms establish a loyal customer base and, potentially, market power. Two new empirical industrial organization (NEIO) approaches and survey data from Northeast CSA farms are used to determine the presence and extent of market power. Results suggest CSA farms exert only about 3.5 percent of their potential monopoly power.
MODELING ECONOMIC AND ECOLOGICAL BENEFITS OF POST-FIRE REVEGETATION IN THE GREAT BASIN
Creators: name: Niell, Rebecca
name: Englin, Jeffrey E.
name: Nalle, Darek
name: Niell, Rebecca
name: Englin, Jeffrey E.
name: Nalle, Darek
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study employs a Markov chain model of vegetation dynamics to examine the economic and ecological benefits of post-fire revegetation in the Great Basin sagebrush steppe. The analysis is important because synergies between wildland fire and invasive weeds in this ecosystem are likely to result in the loss of native biodiversity, less predictable forage availability for livestock and wildlife, reduced watershed stability and water quality, and increased costs and risk associated with firefighting. The analysis is based on a parameterized state-and-transition model of vegetation change for Wyoming big sagebrush community in the Great Basin sagebrush steppe. This conceptual model was formulated into a quantitative, predictive model by implementing it as a Markov chain process that links vegetation change, management, and costs. Simulation results were used to develop cost curves for achieving ecological goals and to evaluate uncertainty in future vegetation conditions. The Markov chain model shows that post-fire revegetation using either a native seed mix or crested wheatgrass was more effective than no revegetation for achieving ecosystem objectives. Further, post-fire revegetation with either seed mix cost less than no revegetation because of resulting reductions in fire suppression costs. Consequently, post-fire revegetation makes both ecological and economic sense, and the choice of seed mix should depend on the prioritization of management objectives. Identifying the economic and ecological tradeoffs of different management strategies should enable improved management of the sagebrush-steppe, and Markov processes provide a straight-forward method for identifying these trade-offs.
The clash of symmetries in a Randall-Sundrum-like spacetime
Creators: name: Dando, Gareth
name: Davidson, Aharon
name: George, Damien P.
name: Volkas, Raymond R.
name: Wali, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a toy model that exhibits clash-of-symmetries style Higgs field kink configurations in a Randall-Sundrum-like spacetime. The model has two complex scalar fields Phi_{1,2}, with a sextic potential obeying global U(1)xU(1) and discrete Phi_1 Phi_2 interchange symmetries. The scalar fields are coupled to 4+1 dimensional gravity endowed with a bulk cosmological constant. We show that the coupled Einstein-Higgs field equations have an interesting analytic solution provided the sextic potential adopts a particular form. The 4+1 metric is shown to be that of a smoothed-out Randall-Sundrum type of spacetime. The thin-brane Randall-Sundrum limit, whereby the Higgs field kinks become step functions, is carefully defined in terms of the fundamental parameters in the action. The ``clash of symmetries'' feature, defined in previous papers, is manifested here through the fact that both of the U(1) symmetries are spontaneously broken at all non-asymptotic points in the extra dimension $w$. One of the U(1)'s is asymptotically restored as w --> -infinity, with the other U(1) restored as w --> +infinity. The spontaneously broken discrete symmetry ensures topological stability. In the gauged version of this model we find new flat-space solutions, but in the warped metric case we have been unable to find any solutions with nonzero gauge fields.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures; minor changes including added references and an updated figure; to appear in Phys Rev D
Saccharinity
Creators: name: Kellner, Jakob
name: Shelah, Saharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E35, 03E40

description: We present a method to iterate finitely splitting lim-sup tree forcings along non-wellfounded linear orders. We apply this method to construct a forcing (without using an inaccessible or amalgamation) that makes all definable sets of reals measurable with respect to a certain (non-ccc) ideal.
QUANTIFICATION OF VILLAGES' AND RURAL COMMUNITIES' CONDITIONS
Creators: name: Nemessalyi, Zsolt
name: Szabo, Bernadett
name: Nabradi, Andras
name: Nemessalyi, Zsolt
name: Szabo, Bernadett
name: Nabradi, Andras
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: rural development
subject: rural communities
subject: quantification
subject: realistic distribution of financial resources.

description: The presentation deals with the quantification of villages' and rural communities' conditions. Distributing financial sources of rural development among the regions is not an easy task. The authors confirm the fact that the results of different methods used for quantifying conditions may be dissimilar. The methods seem to be effective in Hungary which quantify the economic, ecological and social conditions of communities separately in harmony with the functions of rural development. The authors propose an international research, which use the same method to compare communities in the USA, in Europe and even in the candidate countries of the European Union.
Gamma-Ray Background from Neutralino Annihilation in the First Cosmological Objects
Creators: name: Oda, Takeshi
name: Totani, Tomonori
name: Nagashima, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paradigm of the neutralino dark matter predicts that the first gravitationally bound objects are earth-mass sized microhaloes, which would emit annihilation gamma-rays. Here we show that, though the flux from individual nearest microhaloes is extremely difficult to detect, meaningful constraints on their survival probability and internal density profile can be set by requiring that the galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray background flux from the microhaloes does not exceed the existing EGRET background data. Possible disruption of microhaloes by stellar encounters does not significantly reduce the background flux. If the probability for microhaloes to survive the hierarchical clustering process of dark matter is as large as indicated by a recent simulation, they could be a significant component of the observed background flux in some photon energy range, even with the standard annihilation cross section and conservative internal density profile of microhaloes. The integrated gamma-ray flux from microhaloes in the halo of the Andromeda galaxy may also be detectable by observations in the near future.
description: 5 pages including 3 figures. The version accepted for publication in ApJL. Presentation improved, main conclusions unchanged
ARE INTEREST RATES NECESSARY FOR TEMPORAL COINTEGRATION? EVIDENCE FROM THE LONDON METAL EXCHANGE (LME)
Creators: name: Zhou, Haijiang
name: Roberts, Matthew C.
name: Zulauf, Carl R.
name: Zhou, Haijiang
name: Roberts, Matthew C.
name: Zulauf, Carl R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: This study examines the long run relationship between 1-day and 3-month futures prices for five metals at the London Metal Exchange (LME) and further investigates the role of interest rates in this relationship. A battery of stationarity tests and cointegration tests are applied to a simple cost of carry model, which contains the interrelationship between prices of the same commodity for delivery at two different dates and the cost of carry term. Results provide strong evidence that 1-day and 3-month metals futures prices are cointegrated and that interest rates are not needed to find this cointegration. These findings are confirmed in an analysis of the truncated sample period of 1979-1984 when the interest rates were highly volatile. Our finding calls into question the role of interest rates in the cointegration of temporal spreads, such as their proposed role in cash-futures cointegration, and seems to at odds with the cost of carry theory. To examine this anomaly, a further analysis of a quadvariate cointegration is conducted and results show that cointegration exists for 1-day and 3-month metals futures prices, 3-month interest rates and physical storage costs. These findings are consistent with Working's cost of carry theory.
Surveying the Nucleon-Nucleon Momentum Correlation Function in the Framework of Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model
Creators: name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Wei, Y. B.
name: Shen, W. Q.
name: Cai, X. Z.
name: Chen, J. G.
name: Chen, J. H.
name: Fang, D. Q.
name: Guo, W.
name: Ma, C. W.
name: Ma, G. L.
name: Su, Q. M.
name: Tian, W. D.
name: Wang, K.
name: Yan, T. Z.
name: Zhong, C.
name: Zuo, J. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Momentum correlation functions of the nucleon-nucleon pairs are presented for reactions with C isotopes bombarding a $^{12} \rm C$ target within the framework of the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. The binding-energy dependence of the momentum correlation functions is also explored, and other factors that have an influence on momentum correlation functions are investigated. These factors include momentum-dependent nuclear equation of state, in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections, impact parameters, total pair momenta, and beam energy. In particular, the rise and the fall of the strength of momentum correlation functions at lower relative momentum are shown with an increase in beam energy.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures
TWO-STAGE DECISION MODEL OF SOY FOOD CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR
Creators: name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
name: Moon, Wanki
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Balasubramanian, Siva K.
name: Moon, Wanki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: Our study examined the role of soy health benefits in consumers' soy consumption decision. Given the large number of respondents who reported no consumption of soy products per month, it was important to model the decision of whether or not to participate in soy market separately from the consumption intensity decision. Estimation results demonstrate that knowledge of health benefits affects both the likelihood of participation and consumption intensity. That is, consumers with higher soy health knowledge are more likely to enter soy food market and consume soy products more often when compared to those with less soy knowledge. Yet, perceived taste and convenience had considerably greater impact on soy behavior when compared to soy health knowledge.
Bright continuously-tunable VUV source for ultrafast spectroscopy
Creators: name: Jurkovičová, Lucie
name: Ltaief, Ltaief Ben
name: Roos, Andreas Hult
name: Hort, Ondřej
name: Finke, Ondřej
name: Albrecht, Martin
name: Hoque, Ziaul
name: Klimešová, Eva
name: Sundaralingam, Akgash
name: Antipenkov, Roman
name: Grenfell, Annika
name: Špaček, Alexandr
name: Szuba, Wojciech
name: Krikunova, Maria
name: Mudrich, Marcel
name: Nejdl, Jaroslav
name: Andreasson, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrafast electron dynamics drive phenomena such as photochemical reactions, catalysis, and light harvesting. To capture such dynamics in real-time, femtosecond to attosecond light sources are extensively used. However, an exact match between the excitation photon energy and a characteristic resonance is crucial. High-harmonic generation sources are exceptional in terms of pulse duration but limited in spectral tunability in the VUV range. Here, we present a monochromatic femtosecond source continuously tunable around 21 eV photon energy utilizing the second harmonic of an OPCPA laser system to drive high-harmonic generation. The unique tunability of the source is verified in an experiment probing the interatomic Coulombic decay in doped He nanodroplets across the He absorption bands. Moreover, we achieved intensities sufficient for driving non-linear processes using a tight focusing of the VUV beam. We demonstrated it on the observation of collective autoionization of multiply excited pure He nanodroplets.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Nat. Commun
Tropical Interpolation
Creators: name: Sottile, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This short article, which appeared in the MSRI Fall 2004 newletter, is intended for a general mathematical audience. It describes some mathematical themes from the Winter 2004 program at MSRI in topological aspects of real algebraic geometry in the context of an interpolation problem involving real rational plane curves.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. Title corrected and reference added
FEDReD II : 3D Extinction Map with 2MASS and Gaia DR2 data
Creators: name: Hottier, C.
name: Babusiaux, C.
name: Arenou, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We aim to map the 3D distribution of the interstellar extinction of the Milky Way disk up to distances larger than those probed with the Gaia parallax alone. Methods. We apply the FEDReD (Field Extinction-Distance Relation Deconvolver) algorithm to the 2MASS near-infrared photometry together with the Gaia DR2 astrometry and photometry. This algorithm uses a Bayesian deconvolution approach, based on an empirical HR-diagram representative of the local thin disk, in order to map the extinction as a function of distance of various fields of view. Results. We analysed more than 5.6 million stars to obtain an extinction map of the entire Galactic disk within $|b|<0.24^{\circ}$. This map provides information up to $5~\mathrm{kpc}$ in the direction of the Galactic centre and at more than $7~\mathrm{kpc}$ in the direction of the anticentre. This map reveals the complete shape of structures known locally, such as the Vela complex or the split of the local arm. Furthermore our extinction map shows many large "clean bubbles" especially one in the Sagittarius -- Carina complex, and four others which define a structure that we nickname the butterfly.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables
INTEGRATING EXTENSION MATERIALS IN AN EXISTING COURSE: EXAMPLE OF APEC 3821 (RETAIL CENTER MANAGEMENT)
Creators: name: Nefstead, Ward E.
name: Nefstead, Ward E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: Teaching entrepreneurship in college courses is becoming more commonplace. The author reports on the integration of extension entrepreneurship materials(Project Mainstreet) into an existing retail management course at the University of Minnesota. This integration results in an actual web-based business.
The Political Economy of Downzoning
Creators: name: Gottlieb, Paul D.
name: Adelaja, Adesoji O.
name: Gottlieb, Paul D.
name: Adelaja, Adesoji O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Increasingly, in response to concerns about urban sprawl and environmental protection, local governments are exercising their police power to reduce the legal permitted density on undeveloped land. This controversial practice, known in many parts of the country as "downzoning", is generally opposed by farmers, developers and others whose market opportunities are limited by such action. This paper constructs a theoretical model of the impact of larger minimum lot sizes on the current land prices of farmers and homeowners within the same community. The theoretical model suggests that net losses for farmers and net gains for homeowners from downzoning are a reasonable, if not inevitable, expectation. Following Pelzman, Hahn, and Campos, the paper then develops a model to explain the public choice decision-making process that leads to downzoning by local public officials. This model is tested using data on 214 New Jersey municipalities. The probability of downzoning is found to increase when there is a lot of open space to protect, but only when farmers constitute a small proportion of all voters. The probability of downzoning also increases when a community has experienced rapid population growth and increased land values. It is more likely to be found in municipalities that have enacted right-to-farm ordinances, suggesting an overall preservation focus on the part of the community along with some sensitivity to farmers' concerns.