cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Forest Sparsity for Multi-channel Compressive Sensing
Creators: name: Chen, Chen
name: Li, Yeqing
name: Huang, Junzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate a new compressive sensing model for multi-channel sparse data where each channel can be represented as a hierarchical tree and different channels are highly correlated. Therefore, the full data could follow the forest structure and we call this property as \emph{forest sparsity}. It exploits both intra- and inter- channel correlations and enriches the family of existing model-based compressive sensing theories. The proposed theory indicates that only $\mathcal{O}(Tk+\log(N/k))$ measurements are required for multi-channel data with forest sparsity, where $T$ is the number of channels, $N$ and $k$ are the length and sparsity number of each channel respectively. This result is much better than $\mathcal{O}(Tk+T\log(N/k))$ of tree sparsity, $\mathcal{O}(Tk+k\log(N/k))$ of joint sparsity, and far better than $\mathcal{O}(Tk+Tk\log(N/k))$ of standard sparsity. In addition, we extend the forest sparsity theory to the multiple measurement vectors problem, where the measurement matrix is a block-diagonal matrix. The result shows that the required measurement bound can be the same as that for dense random measurement matrix, when the data shares equal energy in each channel. A new algorithm is developed and applied on four example applications to validate the benefit of the proposed model. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed theory and algorithm.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2014
VisQualdex -- the comprehensive guide to good data visualization
Creators: name: Sawicki, Jan
name: Burdukiewicz, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rapid influx of low-quality data visualisations is one of the main challenges in today's communication. Misleading, unreadable, or confusing visualisations spread misinformation, failing to fulfill their purpose. The lack of proper tooling further heightens the problem of the quality assessment process. Therefore, we propose VisQualdex, a systematic set of guidelines isnpired by the Grammar of Graphics for evaluating the quality of data visualisations. To increase the practical impact of VisQualdex, we make these guidelines available in the form of the web server, visqual.info.
Anomalous dimensions of gauge fields and gauge coupling beta-functions in the Standard Model at three loops
Creators: name: Bednyakov, A. V.
name: Pikelner, A. F.
name: Velizhanin, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results for three-loop gauge field anomalous dimensions in the SM calculated in the background field gauge within the unbroken phase of the model. The results are valid for the general background field gauge parameterized by three independent parameters. Both quantum and background fields are considered. The former are used to find three-loop anomalous dimensions for the gauge-fixing parameters, and the latter allow one to obtain the three-loop SM gauge beta-functions. Independence of beta-functions of gauge-fixing parameters serves as a validity check of our final results.
description: 23 pages, self-coupling normalization fixed, anc files corrected accordingly
Application Of Electromagnetic Waves In Blood Disorders And Diseases Diagnosis
Creators: name: Ameri Mahabadi, Hossein
name: Aliakbarian, Hadi
name: Moghavvemi, Mahmoud
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: Electromagnetic Waves have various application in different areas of science and technology. Beside its main application in telecommunication, several other fields of applications such as agriculture [1], food [2], and health [3] have been proposed.

The latter, the non-ionizing application of electromagnetic waves, is the main focus of our chapter. This applications are of two types, either medical treatment or biomedical diagnosis of health problems. The latter such as non-contact detection of the vital signs, imaging (noninvasive breast cancer detection), medical sensors (such as those for identifying cancer cell aggressiveness grade), and measurement techniques for the electromagnetic exposure of biological cell suspensions is becoming more and more important. In this chapter, we will introduce the application of electromagnetic waves in the detection of blood disorder and diseases by using the dielectric properties of blood.
Hydrodynamic fluctuations and the minimum shear viscosity of the dilute Fermi gas at unitarity
Creators: name: Chafin, Clifford
name: Schaefer, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study hydrodynamic fluctuations in a non-relativistic fluid. We show that in three dimensions fluctuations lead to a minimum in the shear viscosity to entropy density ratio $η/s$ as a function of the temperature. The minimum provides a bound on $η/s$ which is independent of the conjectured bound in string theory, $η/s \geq \hbar/(4πk_B)$, where $s$ is the entropy density. For the dilute Fermi gas at unitarity we find $η/s\gsim 0.2\hbar$. This bound is not universal -- it depends on thermodynamic properties of the unitary Fermi gas, and on empirical information about the range of validity of hydrodynamics. We also find that the viscous relaxation time of a hydrodynamic mode with frequency $ω$ diverges as $1/\sqrtω$, and that the shear viscosity in two dimensions diverges as $\log(1/ ω)$.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures; final version to appear in Phys Rev A
Polytopal affine semigroups with holes deep inside
Creators: name: Katthän, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B20

description: Given a non-negative integer k, we construct a lattice 3-simplex P with the following property: The affine semigroup Q_P associated to P is not normal, and every element $q \in \sat{Q}_P \setminus Q_P$ has lattice distance at least k above every facet of Q_P.
description: 6 pages, minor revision
Spatially extended Unruh-DeWitt detectors for relativistic quantum information
Creators: name: Lee, Antony R.
name: Fuentes, Ivette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unruh-DeWitt detectors interacting locally with a quantum field are systems under consideration for relativistic quantum information processing. In most works, the detectors are assumed to be point-like and, therefore, couple with the same strength to all modes of the field spectrum. We propose the use of a more realistic detector model where the detector has a finite size conveniently tailored by a spatial profile. We design a spatial profile such that the detector, when inertial, naturally couples to a peaked distribution of Minkowski modes. In the uniformly accelerated case, the detector couples to a peaked distribution of Rindler modes. Such distributions are of special interest in the analysis of entanglement in non-inetial frames. We use our detector model to show the noise detected in the Minkowski vacuum and in single particle states is a function of the detector's acceleration.
description: Revised for publication, 9 pages (+1 references page), 7 figures
The Braess Paradox in Dynamic Traffic
Creators: name: Zhuang, Dingyi
name: Huang, Yuzhu
name: Jayawardana, Vindula
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Suo, Dajiang
name: Wu, Cathy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Braess's Paradox (BP) is the observation that adding one or more roads to the existing road network will counter-intuitively increase traffic congestion and slow down the overall traffic flow. Previously, the existence of the BP is modeled using the static traffic assignment model, which solves for the user equilibrium subject to network flow conservation to find the equilibrium state and distributes all vehicles instantaneously. Such approach neglects the dynamic nature of real-world traffic, including vehicle behaviors and the interaction between vehicles and the infrastructure. As such, this article proposes a dynamic traffic network model and empirically validates the existence of the BP under dynamic traffic. In particular, we use microsimulation environment to study the impacts of an added path on a grid network. We explore how the network flow, vehicle travel time, and network capacity respond, as well as when the BP will occur.
description: Accepted by 2022 IEEE Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC): https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9921998
Multi-Hole Waveguide Directional Couplers
Creators: name: Moghavvemi, Mahmoud
name: Ameri Mahabadi, Hossein
name: Alijani, Farhang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012

description: The directional couplers are inherently assumed as four-port devices, which consisted of two transmission lines that are electromagnetically coupled to each other
Nonequilibrium growth of patchy-colloid networks on substrates
Creators: name: Dias, C. S.
name: Araújo, N. A. M.
name: da Gama, M. M. Telo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Patchy colloids with highly directional interactions are ideal building blocks to control the local arrangements resulting from their spontaneous self-organization. Here we propose their use, combined with substrates and nonequilibrium conditions, to obtain structures, different from those of equilibrium thermodynamic phases. Specifically, we investigate numerically the irreversible adhesion of three-patch colloids near attractive substrates, and analyze the fractal network of connected particles that is formed. The network density profile exhibits three distinct regimes, with different structural and scaling properties, which we characterize in detail. The adsorption of a mixture of three- and two-patch colloids is also considered. An optimal fraction of two-patch colloids is found where the total density of the film is maximized, in contrast to the equilibrium gel structures where a monotonic decrease of the density has been reported.
description: 7 pages, 11 figures
Opportunities for new physics searches with heavy ions at colliders
Creators: name: d'Enterria, David
name: Drewes, Marco
name: Giammanco, Andrea
name: Hajer, Jan
name: Bratkovskaya, Elena
name: Bruce, Roderik
name: Burmasov, Nazar
name: Dyndal, Mateusz
name: Gould, Oliver
name: Grabowska-Bold, Iwona
name: Gumberidze, Malgorzata
name: Gunji, Taku
name: Holzmann, Romain
name: Jowett, John M.
name: Kryshen, Evgeny
name: Okorokov, Vitalii A.
name: Schmidt, Ida
name: Upreti, Aditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Opportunities for searches for phenomena beyond the Standard Model (BSM) using heavy-ions beams at high energies are outlined. Different BSM searches proposed in the last years in collisions of heavy ions, mostly at the Large Hadron Collider, are summarized. A few concrete selected cases are reviewed including searches for axion-like particles, anomalous $τ$ electromagnetic moments, magnetic monopoles, and dark photons. Expectations for the achievable sensitivities of these searches in the coming years are given. Studies of CP violation in hot and dense QCD matter and connections to ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays physics are also mentioned.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures. White paper of the Proceedings of the US Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021)
Butanolic fraction of Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) attenuates isoprotrenol–induced cardiac necrosis and oxidative stress in rats: an EPR study
Creators: name: Panda, Sunanda
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors
Year: 2015
Subjects: Moringa oleifera
Quercetin
Isoproterenol
lipid peroxidation
EPR
cardiac markers

description: The preventive effect of Moringa oleifera polyphenolic fraction (MOPF) on cardiac damage was evaluated in isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiotoxicity model of Wistar rats. Male rats in different groups were treated with MOPF orally at the dose of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg/day for 28 days and were subsequently administered (s.c.) with ISO (85 mg/kg body weight) for the last two days. At the end of the experiment levels of serum troponin-T, creatine kinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, content of malondialdehyde (MDA), activities/levels of different cellular antioxidants were estimated in control and experimental groups. Additionally, scavenging potential to the hydroxyl radical of the fraction was measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). ISO administered rats showed significant increase in the levels of serum troponin-I, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and heart tissue MDA content. Furthermore, marked reduction in the activities of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione levels were observed. EPR study showed an increase in signal intensity in ISO-induced rats. Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining of heart section revealed a marked increase in infarcted area in ISO-induced rats. Histological features of the heart also indicated a disruption in the structure of cardiac myofibrils in these animals. MOPF (100 mg/kg body weight) pretreatment prevented all these adverse effects of ISO. Present results show that the rich polyphenolic content of Moringa oleifera significantly reduced the myocardial damage and decreased the oxidative stress, possibly through hydroxyl radical scavenging activity as evidenced from the EPR spectra.
description: EXCLI Journal; 14:Doc64; ISSN 1611-2156
Deconfinement transitions of large N QCD with chemical potential at weak and strong coupling
Creators: name: Hollowood, Timothy J.
name: Myers, Joyce C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the deconfinement line of transitions for large Nc QCD at finite temperature and chemical potential in two different regimes: weak coupling in the continuum, and, strong coupling on the lattice, working in the limit where Nf is of order Nc. In the first regime we extend previous weak-coupling results from one-loop perturbation theory on S^1 x S^3 to higher temperatures, where the theory reduces to a matrix model, analogous to that of Gross, Witten, and Wadia. We obtain the line of transitions that extends from the temperature-axis, where to a first approximation the transition is higher than fourth order, to the chemical potential-axis, where the transition is third order. In the second regime we use the same matrix model to obtain the deconfinement line of transitions as a function of the coupling strength and mu / T to leading order in a strong coupling expansion of lattice QCD with heavy quarks, extending previous U(Nc) results to SU(Nc). We show that in the case of zero chemical potential the result obtained for the Polyakov line from QCD on S^1 x S^3 at weak coupling reproduces the known results from the strong coupling expansion, under a simple change of parameters, which is valid for sufficiently low temperatures and chemical potentials.
description: 29 pages, 11 figures. v2. small corrections, clarifications, reference added, JHEP version
Dropwort (Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.): potential role as antioxidant and antimicrobial agent
Creators: name: Katanić, Jelena
name: Mihailović, Vladimir
name: Stanković, Nevena
name: Boroja, Tatjana
name: Mladenović, Milan
name: Solujić, Slavica
name: Stanković, Milan S.
name: Vrvić, Miroslav M.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors
Year: 2015
Subjects: Filipendula hexapetala Gilib.
phenolic compounds
antioxidant activity
stability
in vitro digestion
antimicrobial activity

description: The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of Filipendula hexapetala Gilib. aerial parts (FHA) and roots (FHR) and their potential in different model systems, as well as antimicrobial activity. According to this, a number of assays were employed to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of F. hexapetala extracts. In addition, the antioxidant activity assays in different model systems were carried out, as well as pH, thermal and gastrointestinal stability studies. The phenolic compounds contents in FHA and FHR were also determined. The results showed that F. hexapetala extracts had considerable antioxidant activity in vitro and a great stability in different conditions. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against most of the tested bacterial and fungal species. Also, the extracts contain high level of phenolic compounds, especially aerial parts extract.
description: EXCLI Journal; 14:Doc1; ISSN 1611-2156
Predicting the existence of a 2.9 GeV $Df_0(980)$ molecular state
Creators: name: Torres, A. Martínez
name: Khemchandani, K. P.
name: Nielsen, M.
name: Navarra, F. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A $D$-like meson resonance with mass around 2.9 GeV has been found in the $DK\bar K$ system using two independent and different model calculations based on: (1) QCD sum rules and (2) solution of Fadeev equations with input interactions obtained from effective field theories built by considering both chiral and heavy quark symmetries. The QCD sum rules have been used to study the $D_{s^*0}(2317) \bar{K}$ and $D f_0(980)$ molecular currents. A resonance of mass 2.926 GeV is found with the $D f_0(980)$ current. Although a state in the $D_{s^*0}(2317) \bar{K}$ current is also obtained, with mass around 2.9 GeV, the coupling of this state is found to be two times weaker than the one formed in $D f_0(980)$. On the other hand, few-body equations are solved for the $D K \bar{K}$ system and its coupled channels with the input $t$-matrices obtained by solving Bethe-Salpeter equations for the $D K$, $D\bar{K}$ and $K \bar{K}$ subsystems. In this study a $D$-like meson with mass 2.890 GeV and full width $\sim$ 55 MeV is found to get dynamically generated when $D K \bar{K}$ gets reorganized as $D f_0(980)$. However, no clear signal appears for the $D_{s^*0}(2317) \bar{K}$ configuration. The striking similarity between the results obtained in the two different models indicates strongly towards the existence of a $D f_0 (980)$ molecule with mass nearly 2.9 GeV.
description: Improved error estimation made, which lead to better conclusions. Version accepted for publication in PRD
Experimental Activation of Strong Local Passive States with Quantum Information
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Briones, Nayeli A.
name: Katiyar, Hemant
name: Martín-Martínez, Eduardo
name: Laflamme, Raymond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong local passivity is a property of multipartite quantum systems from which it is impossible to extract energy locally. Surprisingly, if the strong local passive state displays entanglement, it could be possible to locally activate energy density by adding classical communication between different partitions of the system, through so-called "quantum energy teleportation" protocols. Here, we report both the first experimental observation of local activation of energy density on an entangled state and the first realization of a quantum energy teleportation protocol using nuclear magnetic resonance on a bipartite quantum system.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Calculation of the Cherenkov light yield from electromagnetic cascades in ice with Geant4
Creators: name: Rädel, Leif
name: Wiebusch, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate and parameterize the amount and angular distribution of Cherenkov photons which are generated by electromagnetic cascades in water or ice. We simulate electromagnetic cascades with Geant4 for primary electrons, positrons and photons with energies ranging from 1 GeV to 10 TeV. We parameterize the total Cherenkov light yield as a function of energy, the longitudinal evolution of the Cherenkov emission along the cascade-axis and the angular distribution of photons. Furthermore, we investigate the fluctuations of the total light yield, the fluctuations in azimuth and changes of the emission with increasing age of the cascade.
PH-sensitive, polymer modified, plasma stable niosomes: promising carriers for anti-cancer drugs
Creators: name: Tila, Dena
name: Yazdani-Arazi, Seyede Narjes
name: Ghanbarzadeh, Saeed
name: Arami, Sanam
name: Pourmoazzen, Zhaleh
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors
Year: 2015
Subjects: pH-sensitive plasma stable niosome
cytotoxic effect
Mitoxantrone

description: The aim of this study was the design and evaluation of a novel plasma stable, pH-sensitive niosomal formulation of Mitoxantrone by a modified ethanol injection method. Cholesterol hemisuccinate was added instead of cholesterol in order to produce pH-sensitivity property and using PEG-Poly (monomethyl itaconate)-CholC6 (PEG-PMMI-CholC6) copolymer introduced simultaneously pH-sensitivity and plasma stability properties in prepared niosomes. The pH-sensitivity and cytotoxicity of Mitoxantrone niosomes were evaluated in vitro in phosphate buffer with different pHs as well as using human ovarian cancer cell line (OVCAR-3), human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Results showed that both cholesterol derivatives bearing formulations had pH-sensitive property and were found to release their contents under mild acidic conditions rapidly. In addition, the PEG-PMMI-CholC6-based niosomes could reserve the pH-sensitivity after incubation in plasma. Both Mitoxantrone-loaded pH-sensitive niosomes showed higher cytotoxicity than the conventional niosomes on OVCAR-3 and MCF-7 cell lines. However, both pH-sensitive niosomes exhibited lower cytotoxic effect on HUVEC cell line. Plasma stable, pH-sensitive niosomes could improve the cytotoxic effect and reduce the side effects of anti-tumor drugs.
description: EXCLI Journal; 14:Doc21; ISSN 1611-2156
A monopole-optimized effective interaction for tin isotopes
Creators: name: Qi, Chong
name: Xu, Z. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic configuration-interaction shell model calculation on the structure of light tin isotopes with a new global optimized effective interaction. The starting point of the calculation is the realistic CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential. The unknown single-particle energies of the $1d_{3/2}$, $2s_{1/2}$ and $0h_{11/2}$ orbitals and the T=1 monopole interactions are determined by fitting to the binding energies of 157 low-lying yrast states in $^{102-132}$Sn. We apply the Hamiltonian to analyze the origin of the spin inversion between $^{101}$Sn and $^{103}$Sn that was observed recently and to explore the possible contribution from interaction terms beyond the normal pairing.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, version to appear in Phys. Rev. C
Mixed Mode Asteroseismology of Red Giant Stars Through the Luminosity Bump
Creators: name: Lindsay, Christopher J.
name: Ong, J. M. Joel
name: Basu, Sarbani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most current models of low mass red giant stars do not reproduce the observed position of the red giant branch luminosity bump, a diagnostic of the maximum extent of the convective envelope during the first dredge up. Global asteroseismic parameters, the large frequency separation and frequency of maximum oscillation power, measured for large samples of red giants, show that modeling convective overshoot below the convective envelope helps match the modeled luminosity bump positions to observations. However, these global parameters cannot be used to probe envelope overshoot in a star-by-star manner. Red giant mixed modes, which behave like acoustic modes at the surface and like gravity modes in the core, contain important information about the interior structure of the star, especially near the convective boundary. Therefore, these modes may be used to probe interior processes, such as overshoot. Using a grid of red giant models with varying mass, metallicity, surface gravity, overshoot treatment, and amount of envelope overshoot, we find that changing the overshoot amplitude (and prescription) of overshoot below the convection zone in red giant stellar models results in significant differences in the evolution of the models' dipole mixed-mode oscillation frequencies, the average mixed mode period spacing, $\langle ΔP \rangle$, and gravity mode phase offset term, $ε_g$.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ April 18 2022
Inverse Energy Cascade in Forced 2D Quantum Turbulence
Creators: name: Reeves, Matthew T.
name: Billam, Thomas P.
name: Anderson, Brian P.
name: Bradley, Ashton S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate an inverse energy cascade in a minimal model of forced 2D quantum vortex turbulence. We simulate the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for a moving superfluid subject to forcing by a stationary grid of obstacle potentials, and damping by a stationary thermal cloud. The forcing injects large amounts of vortex energy into the system at the scale of a few healing lengths. A regime of forcing and damping is identified where vortex energy is efficiently transported to large length scales via an inverse energy cascade associated with the growth of clusters of same-circulation vortices, a Kolmogorov scaling law in the kinetic energy spectrum over a substantial inertial range, and spectral condensation of kinetic energy at the scale of the system size. Our results provide clear evidence that the inverse energy cascade phenomenon, previously observed in a diverse range of classical systems, can also occur in quantum fluids.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Constraining equation of state groups from $g$-mode asteroseismology
Creators: name: Kuan, Hao-Jui
name: Krüger, Christian J.
name: Suvorov, Arthur G.
name: Kokkotas, Kostas D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Buoyancy-restored modes inside neutron stars depend sensitively on both the microphysical (e.g., composition and entropy gradients) and macrophysical (e.g., stellar mass and radius) properties of the star. Asteroseismology efforts for $g$-modes are therefore particularly promising avenues for recovering information concerning the nuclear equation of state. In this work it is shown that the overall low-temperature $g$-space consists of multiple groups corresponding to different classes of equation of state (e.g., hadronic vs. hybrid). This is in contrast to the case of pressure-driven modes, for example, which tend to follow a universal relation regardless of microphysical considerations. Using a wide library of currently-viable equations of state, perturbations of static, stratified stars are calculated in general relativity to demonstrate in particular how $g$-space groupings can be classified according to the mean mass density, temperature, central speed of sound, and tidal deformability. Considering present and future observations regarding gravitational waves, accretion outbursts, quasi-periodic oscillations, and precursor flashes from gamma-ray bursts, it is shown how one might determine which group the $g$-modes belong to.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 1 table; accepted by MNRAS; typos in equation (10) corrected
High-throughput characterization of transition metal dichalcogenide alloys: Thermodynamic stability and electronic band alignment
Creators: name: Linderälv, Christopher
name: Rahm, J. Magnus
name: Erhart, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Alloying offers a way to tune many of the properties of the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers. While these systems in many cases have been thoroughly investigated previously, the fundamental understanding of critical temperatures, phase diagrams and band edge alignment is still incomplete. Based on first principles calculations and alloy cluster expansions we compute the phase diagrams 72 TMD monolayer alloys and classify the mixing behavior. We show that ordered phases in general are absent at room temperature but that there exists some alloys, which have a stable Janus phase at room temperature. Furthermore, for a subset of these alloys, we quantify the band edge bowing and show that the band edge positions for the mixing alloys can be continuously tuned in the range set by the boundary phases.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Advances in hepatic stem/progenitor cell biology
Creators: name: Verhulst, Stefaan
name: Best, Jan
name: Van Grunsven, Leo A.
name: Dollé, Laurent
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors
Year: 2015

description: The liver is famous for its strong regenerative capacity, employing different modes of regeneration according to type and extent of injury. Mature liver cells are able to proliferate in order to replace the damaged tissue allowing the recovery of the parenchymal function. In more severe scenarios hepatocytes are believed to arise also from a facultative liver progenitor cell compartment. In human, severe acute liver failure and liver cirrhosis are also both important clinical targets in which regeneration is impaired, where the role of this stem cell compartment seems more convincing. In animal models, the current state of ambiguity regarding the identity and role of liver progenitor cells in liver physiology dampens the enthusiasm for the potential use of these cells in regenerative medicine. The aim of this review is to give the basics of liver progenitor cell biology and discuss recent results vis-à-vis their identity and contribution to liver regeneration.
description: EXCLI Journal; 14:Doc33; ISSN 1611-2156
PDM Klein-Gordon particles in Gödel-type Som-Raychaudhuri cosmic string spacetime background
Creators: name: Mustafa, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Gödel-type Som-Raychaudhuri (SR) cosmic string spacetime background, we re-cycle the Klein-Gordon (KG) oscillators and report their correct exact solutions. We argue that the mathematical collapse of the KG-equation into the 2-dimensional radial Schrödinger-like oscillator does not yield that the parametric characterizations of one is inherited by the other. The angular frequency (positive) in the Schrödinger case is replaced by an irrational frequency-like (positive and negative) in the KG-case. Inheriting the Schrödinger oscillator's parametric characterizations implies that at least half of the spectra (the negative part) is lost in the process. We also introduce KG-oscillators in pseudo-Gödel SR-type spacetime that admit invariance and isospectrality with those in Gödel SR-type spacetime background. We introduce position-dependent mass (PDM) settings to KG-particles in 4-vector and scalar Lorentz potentials in magnetic field in the Gödel SR-type spacetime background. Four illustrative examples of fundamental nature are discussed and their exact or conditionally exact solvability are reported. Amongst are, a PDM KG-Coulombic particle in 4-vector and scalar Coulombic Lorentz potentials in magnetic field, a PDM KG-Coulombic particle in 4-vector and scalar Coulombic Lorentz potentials in magnetic field at zero vorticity, a PDM KG-Coulombic particle in equally mixed 4-vector and scalar Coulombic Lorentz potentials in magnetic field, and a quasi-free PDM KG-oscillator. We also emphasis that the biconfluent Heun polynomial approach, to the effective oscillator plus Cornell type potential, yields conditionally exact solvability that paralyzes the solution from collapsing into that of pure Coulombic one.
description: 10 pages
Continued g-fractions and geometry of bounded analytic maps
Creators: name: Tsygvintsev, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work we study qualitative properties of real analytic bounded maps. The main tool is approximation of real valued functions analytic in rectangular domains of the complex plane by continued g-fractions of Wall. As an application, the Sundman-Poincaré method in the Newtonian three-body problem is revisited and applications to collision detection problem are considered.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, submitted
Vacancy localization effects on MX2 transition metal dichalcogenides: a systematic ab-initio study
Creators: name: Freire, Rafael L. H.
name: de Lima, Felipe Crasto
name: Fazzio, Adalberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (MX$_2$) vacancy formation energetics is extensively investigated. Within an ab-initio approach we study the MX$_2$ systems, with M=Mo, W, Ni, Pd and Pt, and X=S, Se, and Te. Here we classify that chalcogen vacancies are always energetic favorable over the transition metal ones. However, for late transition metals Pd $4d$, and Pt $5d$ the metal vacancy are experimentally achievable, bringing up localized magnetic moments within the semiconducting matrix. By quantifying the localization of the chalcogen vacancy states we evidentiate that it rules the intra- and inter-vacancy interactions that establish both the number of vacancy states neatly lying within the semiconducting gap, as well as its electronic dispersion and SOC splitting. Combining different vacancies and phase variability 1T and 1H of the explored systems allow us to construct a guiding picture for the vacancy states localization.
Explicit Kummer varieties of hyperelliptic Jacobian threefolds
Creators: name: Müller, J. Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H40, 14K05, 11G50

description: We explicitly construct the Kummer variety associated to the Jacobian of a hyperelliptic curve of genus 3 that is defined over a field of characteristic not equal to 2 and has a Weierstraß point defined over the same field. We also construct homogeneous quartic polynomials on the Kummer variety and show that they represent the duplication map.
description: 13 pages
GPUMD: A package for constructing accurate machine-learned potentials and performing highly efficient atomistic simulations
Creators: name: Fan, Zheyong
name: Wang, Yanzhou
name: Ying, Penghua
name: Song, Keke
name: Wang, Junjie
name: Wang, Yong
name: Zeng, Zezhu
name: Xu, Ke
name: Lindgren, Eric
name: Rahm, J. Magnus
name: Gabourie, Alexander J.
name: Liu, Jiahui
name: Dong, Haikuan
name: Wu, Jianyang
name: Chen, Yue
name: Zhong, Zheng
name: Sun, Jian
name: Erhart, Paul
name: Su, Yanjing
name: Ala-Nissila, Tapio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our latest advancements of machine-learned potentials (MLPs) based on the neuroevolution potential (NEP) framework introduced in [Fan et al., Phys. Rev. B 104, 104309 (2021)] and their implementation in the open-source package GPUMD. We increase the accuracy of NEP models both by improving the radial functions in the atomic-environment descriptor using a linear combination of Chebyshev basis functions and by extending the angular descriptor with some four-body and five-body contributions as in the atomic cluster expansion approach. We also detail our efficient implementation of the NEP approach in graphics processing units as well as our workflow for the construction of NEP models, and we demonstrate their application in large-scale atomistic simulations. By comparing to state-of-the-art MLPs, we show that the NEP approach not only achieves above-average accuracy but also is far more computationally efficient. These results demonstrate that the GPUMD package is a promising tool for solving challenging problems requiring highly accurate, large-scale atomistic simulations. To enable the construction of MLPs using a minimal training set, we propose an active-learning scheme based on the latent space of a pre-trained NEP model. Finally, we introduce three separate Python packages, GPYUMD, CALORINE, and PYNEP, which enable the integration of GPUMD into Python workflows.
description: 29 pages, 15 figures, code and data available
Heat shock protein 90 targeting therapy: state of the art and future perspective
Creators: name: Tatokoro, Manabu
name: Koga, Fumitaka
name: Yoshida, Soichiro
name: Kihara, Kazunori
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factor
Year: 2015
Subjects: Hsp90 inhibitor
cancer
clinical trial
bladder cancer

description: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that plays a role in stabilizing and activating more than 200 client proteins. It is required for the stability and function of numerous oncogenic signaling proteins that determine the hallmarks of cancer. Since the initial discovery of the first Hsp90 inhibitor in the 1970s, multiple phase II and III clinical trials of several Hsp90 inhibitors have been undertaken. This review provides an overview of the current status on clinical trials of Hsp90 inhibitors and future perspectives on novel anticancer strategies using Hsp90 inhibitors.
description: EXCLI Journal; 14:Doc48; ISSN 1611-2156
Linking Articles To Data
Creators: name: Hourclé, J.
name: Chang, W.
name: Linares, F.
name: Palanisamy, G.
name: Wilson, B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: data citation
data landing pages

description: There is an obvious need for scientific articles to cite the data being used, but should those citations link directly to the scientific data?

We present recommendations for ‘data landing pages’, an interstitial document with information about the scientific data being published by a science archive or cited by a paper, and their advantages over linking directly to scientific data in a data citation or using a formally published article as a proxy for the data citation. We propose two complementary forms, one provided and maintained by the data archive and a ‘citation page’ that an author can attach to an article as supplementary material.
Evaluating the Gamma-Ray Evidence for Self-Annihilating Dark Matter from the Virgo Cluster
Creators: name: Macías-Ramírez, Oscar
name: Gordon, Chris
name: Brown, Anthony M.
name: Adams, Jenni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on three years of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray data of the Virgo cluster, evidence for an extended emission associated with dark matter pair annihilation in the b b-bar channel has been reported by Han et al. [1]. After an in depth spatial and temporal analysis, we argue that the tentative evidence for a gamma-ray excess from the Virgo cluster is mainly due to the appearance of a population of previously unresolved gamma-ray point sources in the region of interest. These point sources are not part of the LAT second source catalogue (2FGL), but are found to be above the standard detection significance threshold when three or more years of LAT data is included.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, minor changes, conclusions unchanged, matches final version to appear in PRD
Balancing Exploration and Exploitation for Solving Large-scale Multiobjective Optimization via Attention Mechanism
Creators: name: Hong, Haokai
name: Jiang, Min
name: Feng, Liang
name: Lin, Qiuzhen
name: Tan, Kay Chen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale multiobjective optimization problems (LSMOPs) refer to optimization problems with multiple conflicting optimization objectives and hundreds or even thousands of decision variables. A key point in solving LSMOPs is how to balance exploration and exploitation so that the algorithm can search in a huge decision space efficiently. Large-scale multiobjective evolutionary algorithms consider the balance between exploration and exploitation from the individual's perspective. However, these algorithms ignore the significance of tackling this issue from the perspective of decision variables, which makes the algorithm lack the ability to search from different dimensions and limits the performance of the algorithm. In this paper, we propose a large-scale multiobjective optimization algorithm based on the attention mechanism, called (LMOAM). The attention mechanism will assign a unique weight to each decision variable, and LMOAM will use this weight to strike a balance between exploration and exploitation from the decision variable level. Nine different sets of LSMOP benchmarks are conducted to verify the algorithm proposed in this paper, and the experimental results validate the effectiveness of our design.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, published to CEC 2022
Probability of the Standard Model Appearance from a Matrix Model
Creators: name: Aoki, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard model of particle physics lies in an enormous number of string vacua. In a nonperturbative formulation of string theory, various string vacua can, in principle, be compared dynamically, and the probability distribution over the vacuum space could be calculated. In this paper, we consider situations where the IIB matrix model is compactified on a six-dimensional torus with various gauge groups and various magnetic fluxes, find matrix configurations that provide the standard model matter content, and estimate semiclassically the probability of their appearance.
description: 23 pages, ver. 2: typos corrected, ver. 3: published in PRD
Impact of Colored Environmental Noise on the Extinction of a Long-Lived Stochastic Population: Role of the Allee Effect
Creators: name: Levine, Eitan Y.
name: Meerson, Baruch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the combined impact of a colored environmental noise and demographic noise on the extinction risk of a long-lived and well-mixed isolated stochastic population which exhibits the Allee effect. The environmental noise modulates the population birth and death rates. Assuming that the Allee effect is strong, and the environmental noise is positively correlated and Gaussian, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation for the joint probability distribution of the population sizes and environmental fluctuations. In WKB approximation this equation reduces to an effective two-dimensional Hamiltonian mechanics, where the most likely path to extinction and the most likely environmental fluctuation are encoded in an instanton-like trajectory in the phase space. The mean time to extinction (MTE) is related to the mechanical action along this trajectory. We obtain new analytic results for short-correlated, long-correlated and relatively weak environmental noise. The population-size dependence of the MTE changes from exponential for weak environmental noise to no dependence for strong noise, implying a greatly increased extinction risk. The theory is readily extendable to population switches between different metastable states, and to stochastic population explosion, due to a combined action of demographic and environmental noise.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Transverse Mass Distribution and Charge Asymmetry in W Boson Production to Third Order in QCD
Creators: name: Chen, Xuan
name: Gehrmann, Thomas
name: Glover, Nigel
name: Huss, Alexander
name: Yang, Tong-Zhi
name: Zhu, Hua Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged gauge boson production at hadron colliders is a fundamental benchmark for the extraction of electroweak parameters and the understanding of the proton structure. To enable precision phenomenology for this process, we compute the third-order (N$^3$LO) QCD corrections to the rapidity distribution and charge asymmetry in W boson production and to the transverse mass distribution of its decay products. Our results display substantial QCD corrections in kinematic regions relevant for Tevatron and LHC measurements. We compare the numerical magnitude of the N$^3$LO corrections with uncertainties from electroweak input parameters and quantify their potential impact on the determination of the W boson mass.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Add data files for each plot