cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On birational maps from cubic threefolds
Creators: name: Blanc, Jérémy
name: Lamy, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14E05, 14E30, 14E07

description: We characterise smooth curves in a smooth cubic threefold whose blow-ups produce a weak-Fano threefold. These are curves $C$ of genus $g$ and degree $d$, such that (i) $2(d-5) \le g$ and $d\le 6$; (ii) $C$ does not admit a 3-secant line in the cubic threefold. Among the list of ten possible such types $(g,d)$, two were previously left as open numerical possibilities, namely $(g,d) = (0,5)$ and $(2,6)$. Using the Sarkisov link associated with a curve of type $(2,6)$, we are able to produce the first example of a pseudo-automorphism with dynamical degree greater than $1$ on a smooth threefold with Picard number $3$. We also prove that the group of birational selfmaps of any smooth cubic threefold contains elements contracting surfaces birational to any given ruled surface.
description: In the last version, the relation with the work of [CM13] has been developed and the fact that the open subset in the moduli space of curve is dense has been added
Primordial Black Holes from Multifield Inflation with Nonminimal Couplings
Creators: name: Geller, Sarah R.
name: Qin, Wenzer
name: McDonough, Evan
name: Kaiser, David I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial black holes (PBHs) provide an exciting prospect for accounting for dark matter. In this paper, we consider inflationary models that incorporate realistic features from high-energy physics -- including multiple interacting scalar fields and nonminimal couplings to the spacetime Ricci scalar -- that could produce PBHs with masses in the range required to address the present-day dark matter abundance. Such models are consistent with supersymmetric constructions, and only incorporate operators in the effective action that would be expected from generic effective field theory considerations. The models feature potentials with smooth large-field plateaus together with small-field features that can induce a brief phase of ultra-slow-roll evolution. Inflationary dynamics within this family of models yield predictions for observables in close agreement with recent measurements, such as the spectral index of primordial curvature perturbations and the ratio of power spectra for tensor to scalar perturbations. As in previous studies of PBH formation resulting from a period of ultra-slow-roll inflation, we find that at least one dimensionless parameter must be highly fine-tuned to produce PBHs in the relevant mass-range for dark matter. Nonetheless, we find that the models described here yield accurate predictions for a significant number of observable quantities using a smaller number of relevant free parameters.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures. References added to match published version
Isolate record for VAFB-ISO-488
Creators: name: Holloway, Corinne
Year: 1900
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/213/chert
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey

description: This document is the isolated find record for VAFB-ISO-488. The artifact is a brown mottled Monterey chert biface fragment.
Predicting hot-electron free energies from ground-state data
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Chiheb Ben
name: Grasselli, Federico
name: Ceriotti, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine-learning potentials are usually trained on the ground-state, Born-Oppenheimer energy surface, which depends exclusively on the atomic positions and not on the simulation temperature. This disregards the effect of thermally-excited electrons, that is important in metals, and essential to the description of warm dense matter. An accurate physical description of these effects requires that the nuclei move on a temperature-dependent electronic free energy. We propose a method to obtain machine-learning predictions of this free energy at an arbitrary electron temperature using exclusively training data from ground-state calculations, avoiding the need to train temperature-dependent potentials, and benchmark it on metallic liquid hydrogen at the conditions of the core of gas giants and brown dwarfs. This work demonstrates the advantages of hybrid schemes that use physical consideration to combine machine-learning predictions, providing a blueprint for the development of similar approaches that extend the reach of atomistic modelling by removing the barrier between physics and data-driven methodologies.
Information flow estimation: a study of news on Twitter
Creators: name: South, Tobin
name: Smart, Bridget
name: Roughan, Matthew
name: Mitchell, Lewis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: News media has long been an ecosystem of creation, reproduction, and critique, where news outlets report on current events and add commentary to ongoing stories. Understanding the dynamics of news information creation and dispersion is important to accurately ascribe credit to influential work and understand how societal narratives develop. These dynamics can be modelled through a combination of information-theoretic natural language processing and networks; and can be parameterised using large quantities of textual data. However, it is challenging to see "the wood for the trees", i.e., to detect small but important flows of information in a sea of noise. Here we develop new comparative techniques to estimate temporal information flow between pairs of text producers. Using both simulated and real text data we compare the reliability and sensitivity of methods for estimating textual information flow, showing that a metric that normalises by local neighbourhood structure provides a robust estimate of information flow in large networks. We apply this metric to a large corpus of news organisations on Twitter and demonstrate its usefulness in identifying influence within an information ecosystem, finding that average information contribution to the network is not correlated with the number of followers or the number of tweets. This suggests that small local organisations and right-wing organisations which have lower average follower counts still contribute significant information to the ecosystem. Further, the methods are applied to smaller full-text datasets of specific news events across news sites and Russian troll accounts on Twitter. The information flow estimation reveals and quantifies features of how these events develop and the role of groups of trolls in setting disinformation narratives.
Pulsating strings from two dimensional CFT on $(T^4)^N/S(N)$
Creators: name: Cardona, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a state from the two-dimensional conformal field theory on the orbifold $(T^4)^N/S(N)$ as a dual description for a pulsating string moving in $AdS_3$. We show that, up to first order in the deforming parameter, the energy in both descriptions has the same dependence on the mode number, but with a non-trivial function of the coupling.
description: 10+4 pages. Misprints corrected. References added. Version published in Nuclear Physics B
An appraisal of the approach of the construction regulations controlling the rehabilitation of buildings - with particular reference to the protection of empty buildings
Creators: name: Catt, Richard
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 1985

description: This report investigates the problems of empty buildings particularly housing. After identifying sources of danger to empty buildings, either by way of sudden emergencies like fire or explosion, or by wav of gradual decay, the study examines the characteristics of empty buildings and their numbers in the United Kingdom. The causes of emptiness and dereliction are outside the scope of the study. The history of building control is outlined to reveal that the law has always followed events rather than anticipating the need for change. The scope of modern regulations reflects this approach. The several Acts of Parliament which exercise control over buildings are described in detail to illustrate that there are very few powers over empty structures. The law is primarily concerned with the protection of building occupants. Ways in which emergencies in buildings are dealt with and how the law is applied in practice show that even the limited powers of local authorities to preserve empty buildings are frequently not applied. A case study of Central St Leonards-on-Sea bears this out. An examination of the sources of decay of buildings in the United Kingdom reveals that buildings are liable to deteriorate rapidly if neglected. A study of empty houses at RAF Compton Rassett shows that even though the buildings were maintained by the government, they were subject to deterioration. By highlighting the costs of leaving buildings empty it is shown that if a wider view is taken of the value of preserving buildings costs of rescue works will often be justified. The report concludes that there is a need for new legislation to preserve empty buildings. Recommendations for change are given hy suggesting the consolidation of existing law and including a draft code of practice for protective works, with a view to making the existing systems more coherent and effective. It is suggested that by directing attention to a group of old buildings obviously in distress that this should highlight the need to maintain the remainder of the nation's building stock, which is likely to have to last for longer than the traditional design life of 60 years.
Dirac fermions with plaquette interactions. II. SU(4) phase diagram with Gross-Neveu criticality and quantum spin liquid
Creators: name: Da Liao, Yuan
name: Xu, Xiao Yan
name: Meng, Zi Yang
name: Qi, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At sufficiently low temperatures, interacting electron systems tend to develop orders. Exceptions are quantum critical point (QCP) and quantum spin liquid (QSL), where fluctuations prevent the highly entangled quantum matter to an ordered state down to the lowest temperature. While the ramification of these states may have appeared in high-temperature superconductors, ultra-cold atoms, frustrated magnets and quantum Moiré materials, their unbiased presence remain elusive in microscopic two-dimensional lattice models. Here, we show by means of large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations of correlated electrons on the $π$-flux square lattice subjected to extended Hubbard interaction, that a Gross-Neveu QCP separating massless Dirac fermions and an columnar valence bond solid at finite interaction, and a possible Dirac QSL at the infinite yet tractable interaction limit emerge in a coherent sequence. These unexpected novel quantum states resides in this simple-looking model, unifying ingredients including emergent symmetry, deconfined fractionalization and the dynamic coupling between emergent matter and gauge fields, will have profound implications both in quantum many-body theory and understanding of the aforementioned experimental systems.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Matter Bounce Loop Quantum Cosmology from $F(R)$ Gravity
Creators: name: Odintsov, S. D.
name: Oikonomou, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the reconstruction method, we investigate which $F(R)$ theories, with or without the presence of matter fluids, can produce the matter bounce scenario of holonomy corrected Loop Quantum Cosmology. We focus our study in two limits of the cosmic time, the large cosmic time limit and the small cosmic time limit. For the former, we found that, in the presence of non-interacting and non-relativistic matter, the $F(R)$ gravity that reproduces the late time limit of the matter bounce solution is actually the Einstein-Hilbert gravity plus a power law term. In the early time limit, since it corresponds to large spacetime curvatures, assuming that the Jordan frame is described by a general metric that when it is conformally transformed to the Einstein frame, produces an accelerating Friedmann-Robertson-Walker metric, we found explicitly the scalar field dependence on time. After demonstrating that the solution in the Einstein frame is indeed accelerating, we calculate the spectral index derived from the Einstein frame scalar-tensor counterpart theory of the $F(R)$ theory and compare it with the Planck experiment data. In order to implement the resulting picture, we embed the $F(R)$ gravity explicitly in a Loop Quantum Cosmology framework by introducing holonomy corrections to the $F(R)$ gravity. In this way, the resulting inflation picture corresponding to the $F(R)$ gravity can be corrected in order it coincides to some extent with the current experimental data.
description: Minor Revision, matches PRD version
Hot bands and hot spots: some direct solutions of continuous thermoelastic systems with friction
Creators: name: Graf Matthias
name: Ostermeyer Georg-Peter
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2012
Subjects: BRAKE
CLUTCH
THERMOELASTIC INSTABILITY
HOT BANDING
HOT SPOTTING
JUDDER

description: Hot bands and hot spots are thermoelastic phenomena appearing in frictional systems with high energy dissipation like brake systems or clutches. These thermoelastic instabilities are driven by the interaction of friction-induced heat in the sliding plane and thermal expansion of the materials. Systems exposed to thermoelastic instabilities show a characteristic temperature pattern that can lead to local material damage and vibrations like judder or brake torque fluctuations. While hot bands are observable by a cut through the system normal to the direction of sliding, hot spots are described by a cut parallel to the direction of sliding. When an angle parameter is introduced in a model-based description, both types of thermoelastic instabilities can be described by one single model. Such a model is presented that comprises of layers corresponding to different mechanical parts (e.g. pad, disk, homogenized cooling channels). Every layer is described by field equations for thermoelastic behavior and heat conduction. All layers basically include the same set of solutions which can analytically be found by separation of complex variables. These solutions are scaled to satisfy the boundary conditions at the contact areas between the layers. No symmetry conditions are required, but if present, they can simplify the model. The stability of one thermoelastic phenomenon under investigation is determined by evaluating the characteristic equation of the system. The appearance of hot spots or bands, their spatial distribution and movement are discussed in terms of sliding velocity and other system parameters.
Twist Angle Controlled Collinear Edelstein Effect in van der Waals Heterostructures
Creators: name: Veneri, Alessandro
name: Perkins, David T. S.
name: Péterfalvi, Csaba G.
name: Ferreira, Aires
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of spatially homogeneous spin polarization by application of electric current is a fundamental manifestation of symmetry-breaking spin--orbit coupling (SOC) in solid-state systems, which underpins a wide range of spintronic applications. Here, we show theoretically that twisted van der Waals heterostructures with proximity-induced SOC are candidates par excellence to realize exotic spin-charge transport phenomena due to their highly tunable momentum-space spin textures. Specifically, we predict that graphene/group-VI dichalcogenide bilayers support room temperature spin--current responses that can be manipulated via twist-angle control. For critical twist angles, the non-equilibrium spin density is pinned parallel to the applied current. This effect is robust against twist-angle disorder, with graphene/$\text{WSe}_{2}$ possessing a critical angle (purely collinear response) of $θ_{c} \simeq 14^{\circ}$. A simple electrical detection scheme to isolate the collinear Edelstein effect is proposed.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, includes supplemental material. Accepted version in Physical Review B Letters
Large-Scale Clustering of Cosmic Voids
Creators: name: Chan, Kwan Chuen
name: Hamaus, Nico
name: Desjacques, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the clustering of voids using $N$-body simulations and simple theoretical models. The excursion-set formalism describes fairly well the abundance of voids identified with the watershed algorithm, although the void formation threshold required is quite different from the spherical collapse value. The void cross bias $b_{\rm c} $ is measured and its large-scale value is found to be consistent with the peak background split results. A simple fitting formula for $b_{\rm c} $ is found. We model the void auto-power spectrum taking into account the void biasing and exclusion effect. A good fit to the simulation data is obtained for voids with radii $\gtrsim$ 30 Mpc/$h$, especially when the void biasing model is extended to 1-loop order. However, the best-fit bias parameters do not agree well with the peak-background split results. Being able to fit the void auto-power spectrum is particularly important not only because it is the direct observable in galaxy surveys, but also our method enables us to treat the bias parameters as nuisance parameters, which are sensitive to the techniques used to identify voids.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures, minor changes to match published version
Observation of coherent two-photon emission from the first vibrationally-excited state of hydrogen molecules
Creators: name: Miyamoto, Yuki
name: Hara, Hideaki
name: Kuma, Susumu
name: Masuda, Takahiko
name: Katsuragawa, Masayuki
name: Nakano, Itsuo
name: Ohae, Chiaki
name: Sasao, Noboru
name: Tanaka, Minoru
name: Uetake, Satoshi
name: Yoshimi, Akihiro
name: Yoshimura, Koji
name: Yoshimura, Motohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we describe an experiment which was conducted to explore the macro-coherent amplification mechanism using a two-photon emission process from the first vibrationally-excited state of para-hydrogen molecule. Large coherence in the initial state was prepared by the adiabatic Raman population transfer method, and the lowest Stokes sideband was used as a trigger field. We observed the coherent two-photon emission consistent with the expectation of the paired super-radiance master equation.
Biased self-diffusion on Cu surface due to electric field gradients
Creators: name: Kimari, Jyri
name: Wang, Ye
name: Kyritsakis, Andreas
name: Zadin, Veronika
name: Djurabekova, Flyura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Under strong electric fields, an arc of strong current flowing through plasma can link two metal surfaces even in ultra high vacuum. Despite decades of research, the chain of events leading to vacuum arc breakdowns is hitherto unknown. Previously we showed that a tall and sharp Cu nanotip exposed to strong electric fields heats up by field emission currents and eventually melts, evaporating neutral atoms that can contribute to plasma buildup. In this work, we investigate by means of molecular dynamics simulations whether surface diffusion biased by the presence of an electric field gradient can provide sufficient mass transport of atoms toward the top of the nanotip to maintain supply of neutrals for feeding plasma. To reach the necessary timescales and to add electric field in MD, we utilized a novel combination of collective variable~-driven hyperdynamics acceleration and coupling to a finite element mesh. In our simulations, we observed biased self-diffusion on Cu surfaces, that can contribute to the continuous replenishment of particle-emitting nanotips. This mechanism implies a need to reduce the rate of surface diffusion in devices that are susceptible to vacuum arcs. Finding suitable alloys or surface treatments that hinder the observed biased diffusion could guide the design of future devices, and greatly improve their efficiency.
Self-similar diffuse boundary method for phase boundary driven flow
Creators: name: Schmidt, Emma M.
name: Quinlan, J. Matt
name: Runnels, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interactions between an evolving solid and inviscid flow can result in substantial computational complexity, particularly in circumstances involving varied boundary conditions between the solid and fluid phases. Examples of such interactions include melting, sublimation, and deflagration, all of which exhibit bidirectional coupling, mass/heat transfer, and topological change of the solid-fluid interface. The diffuse interface method is a powerful technique that has been used to describe a wide range of solid-phase interface-driven phenomena. The implicit treatment of the interface eliminates the need for cumbersome interface tracking, and advances in adaptive mesh refinement have provided a way to sufficiently resolve diffuse interfaces without excessive computational cost. However, the general scale-invariant coupling of these techniques to flow solvers has been relatively unexplored. In this work, a robust method is presented for treating diffuse solid-fluid interfaces with arbitrary boundary conditions. Source terms defined over the diffuse region mimic boundary conditions at the solid-fluid interface, and it is demonstrated that the diffuse length scale has no adverse effects. To show the efficacy of the method, a one-dimensional implementation is introduced and tested for three types of boundaries: mass flux through the boundary, a moving boundary, and passive interaction of the boundary with an incident acoustic wave. These demonstrate expected behavior in all cases. Convergence analysis is also performed and compared against the sharp-interface solution, and linear convergence is observed. This method lays the groundwork for the extension to viscous flow, and the solution of problems involving time-varying mass-flux boundaries.
Peace with strength : developing the conditions of coercive diplomacy
Creators: name: Ferguson, Daniel Max
name: 0009-0002-3125-6095
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Coercive diplomacy
Coercion
Deterrence
Compellence
Pueblo
Euromissiles
Haiti intervention
Crisis management
Persuasion

description: United States policymakers need viable crisis response options – other than war – when deterrence is not able to prevent aggression. This study examines one policy option in the space between deterrence and war: coercive diplomacy. Applied successfully, coercive diplomacy defuses emerging conflicts by persuading an aggressor to change or reverse their behavior. However, attempts at coercive diplomacy fail more often than they succeed, even when applied by global powers like the United States. I build on the work of scholars who have examined policy traits found within effective coercive diplomacy attempts. Alexander George first developed a set of conditions for coercive diplomacy – also described as ingredients or prerequisites – that, when present, increase the policy’s likelihood of success. A critical gap in the literature is a study that helps understand what leads to creating the conditions for coercive diplomacy – or what stands in the way of establishing those conditions. The central research question for this study is what facilitates or inhibits U.S. policymakers from developing favorable conditions for coercive diplomacy? I examine historical cases from the Johnson, Reagan, and Clinton administrations where the United States attempted coercive diplomacy to reveal the messy realities of policymaking. I uncover the complicated relationships, impediments to action, and what subtle factors helped U.S. decision-makers develop policies to compel opponents to change behavior. This research helps establish how policymakers achieve the conditions of coercive diplomacy or what factors prevent them from attaining these benchmarks. The conclusion of this dissertation provides original insights about the eight conditions, both individually and how they interact with one another. Learning how the conditions interact is one of the novel and important contributions of my dissertation to the field of coercion. Understanding how the conditions interact also helps policymakers anticipate the dynamics or tensions between the different conditions. I share seven policy implications that this study reveals about future applications of coercive diplomacy. Lastly, I offer a series of initial questions that policymakers should ask before exercising coercive diplomacy.
Adhesive properties of contacts between elastic bodies with randomly rough self-affine surfaces: a simulation with the method of reduction of dimensionality
Creators: name: Popov V., L.
name: Filippov Alexander, E.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2012
Subjects: CONTACT
ADHESION
ROUGH SURFACES
SELF-AFFINE SURFACES
ADHESION COEFFICIENT
PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESION

description: Adhesive properties (adhesion force and adhesion coefficient) of contacts between elastic bodies with rough surfaces have been investigated and adhesion maps constructed showing the dependence of adhesive properties on the roughness, rms slope of the surface, elastic modulus, surface energy and fractal dimension. Simulations have been carried out in the frame of the method of reduction of dimensionality.
Isolate record for VAFB-ISO-480
Creators: name: Holloway, Corinne
Year: 1900
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/213/chert
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey

description: This document is the isolated find record for VAFB-ISO-480. The artifacts are black/white banded Monterey chert flakes.
Investigation of the dry normal contact between fractal rough surfaces using the reduction method, comparison to 3D simulations
Creators: name: Pohrt Roman
name: Popov V., L.
Publisher: name: Физическая мезомеханика
Year: 2012
Subjects: FRACTAL SURFACES
CONTACT PROBLEMS
FRACTAL ROUGH SURFACE

description: The reduction method was applied to solving the elastic contact problem of fractal rough surfaces having different fractal dimensions. These surfaces are of particular interest, as contact spots influence each other on large and small scales, depending on the power spectrum. Results were compared to previous boundary-element method simulations that had been conducted with 3D surfaces, taking into account all interdependencies between contact spots. Excellent agreement in the contact stiffness was found. Even though no interactions are allowed in the reduced model, the same power-law behavior can be observed as in the 3D case, due to the transformation of the power spectrum. Theoretical considerations about the power-law for different fractal dimensions are given.
Lernbausteine Bauphysik zur eigenständigen Erarbeitung und Wiederholung von technischem Grundlagenwissen im Architekturstudium
Creators: name: Hoppe, Michaela
Publisher: name: Hoschule Bremen
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Lernbausteine
subject: Bauphysik
subject: 720

description: Die Architektur befindet sich an der Schnittstelle zwischen Baukunst und Technik. Sie wird in der Regel als künstlerische Disziplin gelehrt, fundierte Kenntnis der Technik bilden aber immer die Grundlage. Doch genau mit diesem Fundament haben einige Studierende – je nach Vorbildung und persönlicher Neigung – manchmal Schwierigkeiten. Die im Rahmen von ALWINE entwickelten Lernbausteine stellen ein zusätzliches Mosaiksteinchen im Lehr- und Lernangebot an der School of Architecture Bremen dar. Studierenden profitieren von der Möglichkeit, das in Vorlesungen vermittel- tete und in Übungen angewandte Wissen in ihrem eigenen Tempo und Rhythmus eigenständig zu wiederholen und damit besser nachzuvollziehen.
Planck constraints on cross-correlations between anisotropic cosmic birefringence and CMB polarization
Creators: name: Bortolami, Marco
name: Billi, Matteo
name: Gruppuso, Alessandro
name: Natoli, Paolo
name: Pagano, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic Birefringence (CB) is the in-vacuo rotation of the linear polarization direction of photons during propagation, caused by parity-violating extensions of Maxwell electromagnetism. We build low resolution CB angle maps using Planck Legacy and NPIPE products and provide for the first time estimates of the cross-correlation spectra $C_L^{αE}$ and $C_L^{αB}$ between the CB and the CMB polarization fields. We also provide updated CB auto-correlation spectra $C_L^{αα}$ as well as the cross-correlation $C_L^{αT}$ with the CMB temperature field. We report constraints by defining the scale-invariant amplitudes $A^{αX} \equiv L(L + 1)C_L^{αX}/2π$, where $X = α, T, E, B$, finding no evidence of CB. In particular, we find $A^{αE} = (-7.8 \pm 5.6)$ nK deg and $A^{αB} = (0.3 \pm 4.0)$ nK deg at 68% C.L..
description: 24 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in JCAP
Stability of the pion and the pattern of chiral symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Son, Hyeon-Dong
name: Kim, Hyun-Chul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the pressure of the pion, which should be equal to zero to ensure the stability of the pion, within the framework of the chiral quark model beyond the chiral limit. The pressure of the pion turns out to vanish nontrivially by the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation within the present framework. It implies that the stability of the pion might be deeply rooted in spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. We also discuss physical quantities relevant to the energy-momentum tensor operator.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, To appear in Phys. Rev. D
Three-body critical Casimir forces
Creators: name: Mattos, T. G.
name: Harnau, L.
name: Dietrich, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within mean-field theory we calculate universal scaling functions associated with critical Casimir forces for a system consisting of three parallel cylindrical colloids immersed in a near-critical binary liquid mixture. For several geometrical arrangements and boundary conditions at the surfaces of the colloids we study the force between two colloidal particles along their center-to-center axis, analyzing the influence of the presence of a third particle on that force. Upon changing temperature or the relative positions of the particles we observe interesting features such as a change of sign of this force caused by the presence of the third particle. We determine the three-body component of the forces acting on one of the colloids by subtracting the pairwise forces from the total force. The three-body contribution to the total critical Casimir force turns out to be more pronounced for small surface-to-surface distances between the colloids as well as for temperatures close to criticality. Moreover we compare our results with similar ones for other physical systems such as three atoms interacting via van der Waals forces.
description: 31 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1211.7319
Probing inside a charged hairy black hole in massive gravity
Creators: name: Mirjalali, Mirmani
name: Mansoori, Seyed Ali Hosseini
name: Shahkarami, Leila
name: Rafiee, Morteza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the internal structure of a charged hairy black hole solution in the non-linear massive gravity. We first consider the impact of various configurations of massive gravity on the condensate operator and then probe the black hole interior dynamics. Like a standard holographic superconductor system, just below the critical temperature, the interior evolves through several distinct epochs, including a collapse of the Einstein-Rosen bridge, Josephson oscillations of the scalar field, and finally a Kasner (or Kasner inversion) cosmology. However, for the large massive gravity parameter, we see distinguishing features for the interior dynamics. In this regime, at a given temperature, the Einstein-Rosen bridge collapse and subsequent Josephson oscillations epochs completely disappear from the interior dynamics and the final Kasner cosmology epoch starts exactly after the would-be inner horizon and the system does not experience the Kasner inversion epoch.
description: 30 pages, 21 figures, updated references, some minor clarifications added relative to v1, accepted by JHEP
A discussion of deuteron transverse charge densities
Creators: name: Liang, Cuiying
name: Dong, Yubing
name: Liang, Weihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The deuteron transverse charge density $ρ_C(b)$ is the two-dimensional Fourier transform of its charge form factor in the impact space. We show that different parameterizations of the charge form factors provide different $ρ_C(b)$, in particular at the central value of impact parameter ($b=0$), although all the parameterizations can well reproduce the form factors in the region of small $Q^2$. In addition, we also check the explicit contributions from the different coordinate intervals of the deuteron wave function to its root-mean-square radius.
description: 6 pages, 5 tables, 3 figures
SEPARATION OF PROTEIN FRACTION FROM SUGAR BEET LEAVES
Creators: name: Maravić, Nikola
name: Šoronja-Simović, Dragana
name: Djordjevic, Miljana
name: Petrović, Jovana
name: Pajin, Biljana
name: Rakić, Dušan
name: Tamaš Pletikosić
name: Šereš, Zita
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: sugar beet leaves
protein
sugar
production

description: Sugar beet leaves are recognized as a potential source for various food applications based on specific nutritional profile and technological properties of leaf components. Furthermore, based on the large availability of sugar beet leaves generated as agricultural waste streams, there is a great economic interest in the valorization of such waste product. In this study, processing approach that aims at separating/generating enriched-protein fraction is applied. The corresponding process includes pressing of sugar beet leaves, chemical treatment of the obtained leaf juice, centrifugation and further sedimentation of the protein fraction by thermal treatment and isoelectric precipitation. The obtained protein fraction was not divided in “green” and “white” protein fraction but rather collected as a total yield which could significantly impact organoleptic properties of the final protein fraction. Total sediment obtained after final centrifugation is air dried and after crushing in mortar used for further analysis. Total amino acids content was measured as well as the content of each 17 amino acids present in the sample by using ion-exchange chromatography equipped with an automatic amino acid analyzer. Protein content was measured and calculated by using standard Kjeldahl nitrogen analyzer. Total amino acid content in the obtained dried sample was 12.48g/100g sample. Amino acids present in the largest amount were aspartic and glutamic acid, leucine, valine and arginine. Protein content measured by standard Kjeldahl method was 20.09%. Total yield of protein fraction obtained in the corresponding experiment was 5 g per 1000 g of sugar beet leaves.
Jacobian syzygies, stable reflexive sheaves, and Torelli properties for projective hypersurfaces with isolated singularities
Creators: name: Dimca, Alexandru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate the relations between the syzygies of the Jacobian ideal of the defining equation for a projective hypersurface $V$ with isolated singularities and the Torelli properties of $V$ (in the sense of Dolgachev-Kapranov). We show in particular that hypersurfaces with a small Tjurina numbers are Torelli in this sense. When $V$ is a plane curve, or more interestingly, a surface in $P^3$, we discuss the stability of the reflexive sheaf of logarithmic vector fields along $V$. A new lower bound for the minimal degree of a syzygy associated to a 1-dimensional complete intersection is also given.
description: version 4: A new lower bound for the minimal degree of a syzygy associated to a 1-dimensional complete intersection is given in Theorem 1.2
Engineering Floquet Dynamical Quantum Phase Transition
Creators: name: Naji, J.
name: Jafari, R.
name: Zhou, Longwen
name: Langari, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Floquet dynamical quantum phase transitions (FDQPTs) are signified by recurrent nonanalytic behaviors of observables in time. In this work, we introduce a quench-free and generic approach to engineer and control FDQPTs for both pure and mixed Floquet states. By applying time-periodic modulations with two commensurate driving frequencies to a general class of spin chain model, we find multiple FDQPTs within each driving period. The nonanalytic cusps of return probability form sublattice structures in time domain. Notably, the number and time-locations of these cusps can be flexibly controlled by tuning the Hamiltonian parameter and the higher frequency of the drive. We further employ the dynamical topological order parameter (DTOP), which shows a quantized jump whenever a DQPT happens, to identify the topological feature of FDQPTs. Our findings reveal the advantage of engineering nonequilibrium phase transitions with multi-frequency driving fields.
Isolate record for VAFB-ISO-507
Creators: name: Holloway, Corinne
Year: 1900
Subjects: subject: Santa Barbara (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3486/santa-barbara-county
subject: Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85469/vandenberg-air-force-base-vafb
subject: Vandenberg Space Force Base (VSFB)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85584/vandenberg-space-force-base-vsfb
subject: California (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/1484/california-state-territory
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/213/chert
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey

description: This document is the isolated find record for VAFB-ISO-507. The artifact is a brown and white banded Monterey chert flake.
Charge and spin correlations in insulating and incoherent metal states of twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Katanin, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electronic, charge, and magnetic properties of twisted bilayer graphene with fillings $2\leq n\leq 6$ per moire unit cell within the recently introduced formulation of extended dynamical mean-field theory (E-DMFT) for two-sublattice systems. We use previously obtained hopping parameters between the states, described by Wannier functions, centered at the lattice spots of AB and BA stacking, and the long-range Coulomb interaction, obtained within cRPA analysis. We show that account of spin exchange between AB and BA nearest neighbour spots is crucial to introduce charge and spin correlations between these spots. Account of this exchange yields preferable concentration of electrons in the same valley, with the tendency of parallel spin alignment of electrons in AB and BA spots, in agreement with earlier results of the strong coupling analysis, suggested SU(2)$\times$SU(2) emergent spin-valley symmetry. The local spectral functions show almost gapped state at the fillings $n=2,4,6$, and incoherent metal state for the other fillings. We find that in both cases the local states of electrons have rather long lifetime. At the same time, the non-local charge- and spin susceptibilities, obtained within the ladder approximation, are peaked at incommensurate wave vectors, which implies that the above discussed ordering tendencies are characterised by an incommensurate pattern.
description: 7+5 pages, 4+8 figures
Radiation hydrodynamics including irradiation and adaptive mesh refinement with AZEuS. I. Methods
Creators: name: Ramsey, J. P.
name: Dullemond, C. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. The importance of radiation to the physical structure of protoplanetary disks cannot be understated. However, protoplanetary disks evolve with time, and so to understand disk evolution and by association, disk structure, one should solve the combined and time-dependent equations of radiation hydrodynamics. Methods. We implement a new implicit radiation solver in the AZEuS adaptive mesh refinement magnetohydrodynamics fluid code. Based on a hybrid approach that combines frequency-dependent ray-tracing for stellar irradiation with non-equilibrium flux limited diffusion, we solve the equations of radiation hydrodynamics while preserving the directionality of the stellar irradiation. The implementation permits simulations in Cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates, on both uniform and adaptive grids. Results. We present several hydrostatic and hydrodynamic radiation tests which validate our implementation on uniform and adaptive grids as appropriate, including benchmarks specifically designed for protoplanetary disks. Our results demonstrate that the combination of a hybrid radiation algorithm with AZEuS is an effective tool for radiation hydrodynamics studies, and produces results which are competitive with other astrophysical radiation hydrodynamics codes.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Measurement of the production of a $W$ boson in association with a charmed hadron in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: p p: scattering
p p: colliding beams
W: hadroproduction
charm: associated production
W: leptonic decay
parton: distribution function
D*(2010): hadronic decay
D: hadronic decay
D0: hadronic decay
D*(2010): transverse momentum
D: transverse momentum
transverse momentum: missing-energy
lepton: rapidity
perturbation theory: higher-order
higher-order: 1
quark: asymmetry
ATLAS
quantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory
anti-charm
electron
CERN LHC Coll
channel cross section: measured
differential cross section: measured
rapidity dependence
transverse momentum dependence
experimental results
p p --> W- D+ anything
p p --> W+ D- anything
p p --> W- D*(2010)+ anything
p p --> W+ D*(2010)- anything
D+ --> K- 2pi+
D- --> K+ 2pi-
D*(2010)+ --> D0 pi+
D*(2010)- --> D0 pi-
D0 --> K+ pi-
D0 --> K- pi+
13000 GeV-cms

description: The production of a $W$ boson in association with a single charm quark is studied using 140 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s} = 13\,\mathrm{TeV}$ proton-proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The charm quark is tagged by a charmed hadron, reconstructed with a secondary-vertex fit. The $W$ boson is reconstructed from an electron/muon decay and the missing transverse momentum. The mesons reconstructed are $D^{\pm} \to K^\mp \pi^\pm \pi^\pm$ and $D^{*\pm} \to D^{0} \pi^\pm \to (K^\mp \pi^\pm) \pi^\pm$, where $p_{\text{T}}(e, \mu) > 30\,\mathrm{GeV}$, $|\eta(e, \mu)| < 2.5$, $p_{\text{T}}(D) > 8\,\mathrm{GeV}$, and $|\eta(D)| < 2.2$. The integrated and normalized differential cross-sections as a function of the pseudorapidity of the lepton from the $W$ boson decay, and of the transverse momentum of the meson, are extracted from the data using a profile likelihood fit. The measured fiducial cross-sections are $\sigma^{\mathrm{OS-SS}}_{\mathrm{fid}}(W^{-}{+}D^{+}) = 50.2\pm0.2\,\mathrm{(stat.)}\,^{+2.4}_{-2.3}\,\mathrm{(syst.)}\,\mathrm{pb}$, $\sigma^{\mathrm{OS-SS}}_{\mathrm{fid}}(W^{+}{+}D^{-}) = 48.5\pm0.2\,\mathrm{(stat.)}\,^{+2.3}_{-2.2}\,\mathrm{(syst.)}\,\mathrm{pb}$, $\sigma^{\mathrm{OS-SS}}_{\mathrm{fid}}(W^{-}{+}D^{*+}) = 51.1\pm0.4\,\mathrm{(stat.)}\,^{+1.9}_{-1.8}\,\mathrm{(syst.)}\,\mathrm{pb}$, and $\sigma^{\mathrm{OS-SS}}_{\mathrm{fid}}(W^{+}{+}D^{*-}) = 50.0\pm0.4\,\mathrm{(stat.)}\,^{+1.9}_{-1.8}\,\mathrm{(syst.)}\,\mathrm{pb}$. Results are compared with the predictions of next-to-leading-order quantum chromodynamics calculations performed using state-of-the-art parton distribution functions. The ratio of charm to anti-charm production cross-sections is studied to probe the $s$-$\bar{s}$ quark asymmetry and is found to be $R_c^\pm = 0.971\pm0.006\,\mathrm{(stat.)}\pm0.011\,\mathrm{(syst.)}$.