cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Developing a framework for utilizing adjunct rehabilitation therapies in motor recovery of upper extremity post stroke
Creators: name: Teasell, Robert
name: McIntyre, Amanda
name: Viana, Ricardo
name: Bateman, Emma A.
name: Murie-Fernandez, Manuel
name: Janzen, Shannon
name: Saikaley, Marcus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Standardization of first principles has transformed stroke rehabilitation in developed countries and helped guide the appropriate allocation of resources to ensure better outcomes for patients. There have been challenges in incorporating new evidence into stroke rehabilitation practices. The sheer number of RCTs can be daunting to the average clinician, made worse by the lack of a framework for their application. To develop a framework for the introduction of adjunct practices for the motor recovery of the upper extremity post stroke into clinical practice. A literature search following PRISMA guidelines revealed 1,307 RCTs involving rehabilitation interventions for the hemiparetic upper extremity post stroke. Therapies were divided into three categories of therapies: (1) Basic Conventional Therapy Approaches (<15% of interventions), (2) Adjunct Therapies Designed to Enhance Conventional Therapies (>85% of interventions), and (3) Treatment to Manage Complications (~9% of interventions). Adjunct Therapies, despite having a spectacular evidence base, are often not employed clinically. To encourage their clinical use, we have developed a framework that divides adjunct therapies into two categories: (1) Treatments that Stimulate the Brain (i.e. rTMS, mental practice, and virtual reality) and (2) Treatments that Peripherally Facilitate the Hemiparetic Upper Extremity (i.e. robotics, EMG Biofeedback, and Constraint-induced Movement Therapy). To allow stroke rehabilitation to continue to improve upper extremity recovery and outcomes, we propose a new intuitive framework that is based on a strong evidence base to guide clinicians and improve stroke rehabilitation.
What limits simultaneous discrimination accuracy?
Creators: name: Thomas, James P.
name: Magnussen, Svein
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Divided attention, Discrimination, Contrast, Spatial frequency, Uncertainty
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Discrimination accuracy decreases when viewers simultaneously monitor two perceptually distinct stimulus components for changes in a common property, e.g. contrast [Magnussen & Greenlee (1997). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 23, 1603–1616; Olzak & Wickens (1997). Perception, 26, 1101–1120]. We ask whether the limitation is in monitoring two components or in making dual decisions about a single property. Using the same uncertainty paradigm as Magnussen and Greenlee, we find no evidence of a processing limitation when viewers simultaneously monitor one component (1.25 c/d) for a possible change in contrast and a second component (5 c/d) for a possible change in spatial frequency, regardless of whether the components are spatially separated or superimposed. The limitation is in making dual decisions about a single property.
Jet Flavor Tomography of Quark Gluon Plasmas at RHIC and LHC
Creators: name: Buzzatti, Alessandro
name: Gyulassy, Miklos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new Monte Carlo model of jet quenching in nuclear collisions, CUJET1.0, is applied to predict the jet flavor dependence of the nuclear modification factor for fragments {\it $f=π,D,B,e^-$} from quenched jet flavors {\it $g,u,c,b$} in central collisions at RHIC and LHC. The nuclear modification factors for different flavors are predicted to exhibit a novel level crossing pattern over a transverse momentum range $5< p_T< 100$ GeV which can test jet-medium dynamics in quark gluon plasmas.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Gemini-Assisted Deep Learning Classification Model for Automated Diagnosis of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry Images
Creators: name: Zsigmond, Imre
name: Savarino, Edoardo Vincenzo
name: Brata, Vlad Dumitru
name: Dumitrascu, Dan Lucian
name: Surdea-Blaga, Teodora
name: Leucuta, Daniel Corneliu
name: Ismaiel, Abdulrahman
name: Pop, Andrei Vasile
name: David, Liliana
name: Popa, Stefan Lucian
name: Chiarioni, Giuseppe
name: Turtoi, Daria Claudia
name: Czako, Zoltan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: Background/Objectives: To develop a deep learning model for esophageal motility disorder diagnosis using high-resolution manometry images with the aid of Gemini. Methods: Gemini assisted in developing this model by aiding in code writing, preprocessing, model optimization, and troubleshooting. Results: The model demonstrated an overall precision of 0.89 on the testing set, with an accuracy of 0.88, a recall of 0.88, and an F1-score of 0.885. It presented better results for multiple categories, particularly in the panesophageal pressurization category, with precision = 0.99 and recall = 0.99, yielding a balanced F1-score of 0.99. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of artificial intelligence, particularly Gemini, in aiding the creation of robust deep learning models for medical image analysis, solving not just simple binary classification problems but more complex, multi-class image classification tasks.
Classification of topological symmetry sectors on anyon rings
Creators: name: Pfeifer, Robert N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The golden chain with antiferromagnetic interaction is an anyonic system of particular interest as when all anyons are confined to the chain, it is readily stabilised against fluctuations away from criticality. However, additional local scaling operators have recently been identified on the disc which may give rise to relevant fluctuations in the presence of free charges. Motivated by these results for Fibonacci anyons, this paper presents a systematic method of identifying all topological sectors of local scaling operators for critical anyon rings of arbitrary winding number on surfaces of arbitrary genus, extending the original classification scheme proposed in Feiguin et al. (2007). Using the new scheme it is then shown that for the golden chain, additional relevant scaling operators exist on the torus which are equivalent to those detected on the disc, and which may disrupt the stability of the critical system. Protection of criticality against perturbations generated by these additional scaling operators can be achieved by suppressing the exchange of charge between the anyon ring and the rest of the manifold.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, RevTeX 4.1
"Convex" characterization of linearly convex domains
Creators: name: Nikolov, Nikolai
name: Thomas, Pascal J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32F17

description: We prove that a $C^{1,1}$-smooth bounded domain $D$ in $\C^n$ is linearly convex if and only if the convex hull of any two discs in $D$ with common center lies in $D.$
description: to appear in Math. Scand.; v3: Appendix is added
Hemispheric asymmetry in visual discrimination and memory: ERP evidence for the spatial frequency hypothesis
Creators: name: Reinvang, Ivar
name: Magnussen, Svein
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Event related potentials, Spatial frequency discrimination, Perceptual memory, Hemispheric asymmetry
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Event related potentials (ERPs) were recorded during delayed discrimination of simple spatial frequency gratings in the high and low frequency bands. Analyses of the waveforms N170, P220, N310, P400, and slow wave (SW) indicated significant and regionally specific interaction of spatial frequency and hemisphere for N170 amplitude. This interaction was independent of memory conditions, and appeared to be in the opposite direction of what is predicted by the spatial frequency model of hemispheric asymmetry. Additional interactions between spatial frequency and hemisphere were observed for N310 in the encoding process (reference stimulus) and for SW in the retrieval process (test stimulus). The general hypothesis of an interaction of spatial frequency and hemisphere in visual cognition is supported, but the findings indicate caution in interpreting an increase in physiological measures as an indication of more efficient brain processing. Moreover, several stages of information processing may contribute to the asymmetry observed in behavioral studies, and hemispheric balance may change dynamically during the time course of processing.
Familial caregiving following stroke: findings from the comprehensive post-acute stroke services (COMPASS) pragmatic cluster-randomized transitional care study
Creators: name: Lutz, Barbara J.
name: Kucharska-Newton, Anna M.
name: Jones, Sara B.
name: Psioda, Matthew A.
name: Gesell, Sabina B.
name: Coleman, Sylvia W.
name: Johnson, Anna M.
name: Radman, Meghan D
name: Levy, Samantha
name: Bettger, Janet Prvu
name: Freburger, Janet K
name: Chou, Aileen
name: Celestino, Joan
name: Rosamond, Wayne D.
name: Bushnell, Cheryl D.
name: Duncan, Pamela W.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Stroke patients discharged home often require prolonged assistance from caregivers. Little is known about the real-world effectiveness of a comprehensive stroke transitional care intervention on relieving caregiver strain. To describe the effect of the COMPASS transitional care (COMPASS-TC) intervention on caregiver strain and characterize the types, duration, and intensity of caregiving. The cluster-randomized COMPASS pragmatic trial evaluated the effectiveness of COMPASS-TC versus usual care with patients with mild stroke and TIA at 40 hospitals in North Carolina, USA. Of 5882 patients enrolled, 4208 (71%) identified a familial caregiver. A follow-up Caregiver Questionnaire, including the Modified Caregiver Strain Index, was administered at approximately three months post-discharge. Demographics and frequency, duration, and intensity of caregiving were compared between groups. 1228 caregivers (29%) completed the questionnaire. Completion was positively associated with older patient age, white race, and spousal relationship. One-third of the caregivers provided ≥30 hours of care per week and 889 (79%) provided care ≥9 weeks. Average standardized caregiver strain was 21.9 (0–100), increasing with stroke severity and comorbidity burden. Women caregivers reported higher strain than men. Treatment allocation was not associated with caregiver strain. This sample of mild stroke and TIA survivors received significant assistance from familial caregivers. However, caregiver strain was relatively low. Findings support the importance of familial caregiving in stroke, the continued disproportionate burden on women within the family, and the need for future research on caregiver support.
Visual memory for random block patterns defined by luminance and color contrast
Creators: name: Cornelissen, Frans W.
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Visual short term memory, Working memory, Luminance, Color, Signal detection theory, Model
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: We studied the ability of human subjects to memorize the visual information in computer-generated random block patterns defined either by luminance contrast, by color contrast, or by both. Memory performance declines rapidly with increasing inter-stimulus interval, showing a half-life of approximately 3 s. We further show that memory performance declines with eccentricity approximately as a Gaussian function of position. Memory decay functions did not depend on whether the patterns were defined by luminance or color contrast. Changing both luminance and color components of block patterns in conjunction did not improve performance suggesting a single memory mechanism is used to store luminance and color derived pattern information. Our results further suggest that color identity (hue, saturation) and pattern information extracted from color- or luminance-contrast are stored independently of each other.
Supersymmetric contributions to $\bar{B}_s \to ϕπ^0$ and $\bar{B}_s \to ϕρ^0$ decays in SCET
Creators: name: Faisel, Gaber
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decay modes $\bar{B}_s\to ϕπ^0$ and $\bar{B}_s\to ϕρ^0$ using Soft Collinear Effective Theory. Within Standard Model and including the error due to the SU(3) breaking effect in the SCET parameters we find that BR $\bar{B}_s\to ϕπ^0 =7_{-1-2}^{+1+2}\times 10^{-8} $ and BR $\bar{B}_s\to ϕπ^0=9_{-1-4}^{+1+3}\times 10^{-8}$ corresponding to solution 1 and solution 2 of the SCET parameters respectively.For the decay mode $\bar{B}_s\to ϕρ^0$, we find that BR $\bar{B}_s\to ϕρ^0 = 20.2^{+1+9}_{-1-12}\times 10^{-8} $ and BR $ \bar{B}_s\to ϕρ^0 = 34.0^{+1.5 + 15}_{-1.5-22}\times 10^{-8} $ corresponding to solution 1 and solution 2 of the SCET parameters respectively. We extend our study to include supersymmetric models with non-universal A-terms where the dominant contributions arise from diagrams mediated by gluino and chargino exchanges. We show that gluino contributions can not lead to an enhancement of the branching ratios of $\bar{B}_s\to ϕπ^0$ and $\bar{B}_s\to ϕρ^0$. In addition, we show that SUSY contributions mediated by chargino exchange can enhance the branching ratio of $\bar{B}_s\to ϕπ^0$ by about 14% with respect to the SM prediction. For the branching ratio of $\bar{B}_s\to ϕρ^0$, we find that SUSY contributions can enhance its value by about 1% with respect to the SM prediction.
description: 25 pages,5 figures, version accepted for publication
Changes in cortical activation during mirror reading before and after training: an fMRI study of procedural learning
Creators: name: Kassubek, Jan
name: Schmidtke, Klaus
name: Kimmig, Hubert
name: Lücking, Carl H.
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Procedural learning, Mirror reading, fMRI, Parietal association cortex, Eye movement
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The neural correlates of procedural learning were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and the mirror reading paradigm. The aim of the study was to investigate a presumed learning-related change of activation in cortical areas that are involved in the performance of a nonmotor skill. Changes in cortical blood oxygenation contrast were recorded in 10 healthy subjects while they alternatively read visually presented single mirror script words and normal script words. Responses in naive subjects were compared to those acquired after training of mirror script reading. The acquisition volume included the motor and premotor cortex, the parietal lobe and the occipital lobe including its inferior aspects. Striate and extrastriate visual areas, associative parietal cortex and the premotor cortex were bilaterally active during normal and mirror script reading. Significantly stronger activation during mirror reading was seen in BA7 and 40 (parietal associative cortex) and in BA6 (corresponding to the frontal eye fields). Simultaneous eye movement recordings indicated that activation in BA6 was related to processing components other than saccade frequency. After training, BA6 and BA7 exhibited a decrease of activation during mirror reading that significantly exceeded nonspecific changes observed in the normal script control condition. The present findings confirm the hypothesis of practice-related decrease of activation in task-related cortical areas during nonmotor procedural learning.
You are my mirror : one teacher’s autobiographical narrative inquiry into mental illness
Creators: name: Rego, Virginia Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This research is presented as an autobiographical narrative inquiry about one teacher’s experience of living with mental illness. The main objective of this research is to contribute to expanding our understanding of how our education systems must include acceptance and inclusion of the large number of students, educators, school trustees, education bureaucrats, parents and administrators who live with mental illness. According to the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, mental illness will impact one in two Canadians by age 40 with the onset of symptoms occurring during adolescence, making the school system an important public institution for recognizing and treating mental illness. Yet, there continues to be stigma and fear around mental illness, which may hinder peoples’ ability to recognize it in themselves or others. The autobiographical texts contained in this dissertation emerged as I, the researcher, examined my own context in relation to who I was as a researcher, and in particular, as an educational researcher, and specifically, as a teacher, and even more specifically, a teacher with mental illness. My particular illnesses were anxiety and eating disorders. The texts are a collection of stories, journal entries, and report card comments interspersed with and analyzed in relation to literature that includes academic theory, research, poetry, and fiction. I am following in the tradition of others such as Pelias (2016) who puts themselves on display as a researcher “in the belief that an emotionally vulnerable, linguistically evocative, and sensuously poetic voice can place us closer to the subjects we wish to study” (p. 1). In this study I put mental illness on display to examine it from the perspective of curiosity and openness rather than from a place of stigma or fear. I surmise that if a teacher’s educational responsibility is to be open to what Biesta (2013) pens is the call to act in the intervention of others, then one such act is showing up as a human being, with one’s struggles and vulnerabilities, and being open to those of others.
MR-Eyetracker: a new method for eye movement recording in functional magnetic resonance imaging
Creators: name: Kimmig, H.
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
name: Huethe, F.
name: Mergner, T.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Functional magnetic resonance imaging, Blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) effect, Motion perception, Oculomotor pursuit
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: We present a method for recording saccadic and pursuit eye movements in the magnetic resonance tomograph designed for visual functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiments. To reliably classify brain areas as pursuit or saccade related it is important to carefully measure the actual eye movements. For this purpose, infrared light, created outside the scanner by light-emitting diodes (LEDs), is guided via optic fibers into the head coil and onto the eye of the subject. Two additional fiber optical cables pick up the light reflected by the iris. The illuminating and detecting cables are mounted in a plastic eyepiece that is manually lowered to the level of the eye. By means of differential amplification, we obtain a signal that covaries with the horizontal position of the eye. Calibration of eye position within the scanner yields an estimate of eye position with a resolution of 0.2° at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz. Experiments are presented that employ echoplanar imaging with 12 image planes through visual, parietal and frontal cortex while subjects performed saccadic and pursuit eye movements. The distribution of BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) responses is shown to depend on the type of eye movement performed. Our method yields high temporal and spatial resolution of the horizontal component of eye movements during fMRI scanning. Since the signal is purely optical, there is no interaction between the eye movement signals and the echoplanar images. This reasonably priced eye tracker can be used to control eye position and monitor eye movements during fMRI.
Brain imaging in a patient with hemimicropsia
Creators: name: Kassubek, J.
name: Otte, M.
name: Wolter, T.
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
name: Mergner, T.
name: Lücking, C. H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Micropsia, Size constancy, Cavernoma, Brain atlas, Functional MRI
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Hemimicropsia is an isolated misperception of the size of objects in one hemifield (objects appear smaller) which is, as a phenomenon of central origin, very infrequently reported in literature. We present a case of hemimicropsia as a selective deficit of size and distance perception in the left hemifield without hemianopsia caused by a cavernous angioma with hemorrhage in the right occipitotemporal area. The symptom occurred only intermittently and was considered the consequence of a local irritation by the hemorrhage. Imaging data including a volume-rendering MR data set of the patient’s brain were transformed to the 3-D stereotactic grid system by Talairach and warped to a novel digital 3-D brain atlas. Imaging analysis included functional MRI (fMRI) to analyse the patient’s visual cortex areas (mainly V5) in relation to the localization of the hemangioma to establish physiological landmarks with respect to visual stimulation. The lesion was localized in the peripheral visual association cortex, Brodmann area (BA) 19, adjacent to BA 37, both of which are part of the occipitotemporal visual pathway. Additional psychophysical measurements revealed an elevated threshold for perceiving coherent motion. which we relate to a partial loss of function in V5, a region adjacent to the cavernoma. In our study, we localized for the first time a cerebral lesion causing micropsia by digital mapping in Talairach space using a 3-D brain atlas and topologically related it to fMRI data for visual motion. The localization of the brain lesion affecting BA 19 and the occipitotemporal visual pathway is discussed with respect to experimental and case report findings about the neural basis of object size perception.
title: The Relationship of Size Class Distribution to Migratory Behavior in Brown Shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina
Creators: name: Paula, Mario A.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: The potential of migratory timing information for dynamic yield estimation in the North Carolina brown shrimp fishery has been shown. The present research investigates the influence of size class distribution on the quantitative characterization of migratory timing in the brown shrimp. Catch and nominal effort data were stratified into count size ranges and the time density model of Mundy (1979) was specified for each stratum. The recruitment patterns of the shrimp into the fishery was also investigated.

The stratification of time densities by size class has shown a definite pattern in the migratory behavior of the brown shrimp. It appears that recruitment by size class to the fishery is discrete. Total yield estimates generated from the size class stratification were frequently better than the yield estimates of Babcock (1982) and Matylewich (1982). Inferences can be made about the adaptive responses of brown shrimp to different environmental regimes by looking at the time density distributions.
Approximating the Tutte polynomial of a binary matroid and other related combinatorial polynomials
Creators: name: Goldberg, Leslie Ann
name: Jerrum, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of approximating certain combinatorial polynomials. First, we consider the problem of approximating the Tutte polynomial of a binary matroid with parameters q>= 2 and gamma. (Relative to the classical (x,y) parameterisation, q=(x-1)(y-1) and gamma=y-1.) A graph is a special case of a binary matroid, so earlier work by the authors shows inapproximability (subject to certain complexity assumptions) for q>2, apart from the trivial case gamma=0. The situation for q=2 is different. Previous results for graphs imply inapproximability in the region -2<=gamma<0, apart from at two "special points" where the polynomial can be computed exactly in polynomial time. For binary matroids, we extend this result by showing (i) there is no FPRAS in the region gamma0, the approximation problem is hard for the complexity class #RHPi_1 under approximation-preserving (AP) reducibility. The latter result indicates a gap in approximation complexity at q=2: whereas an FPRAS is known in the graphical case, there can be none in the binary matroid case, unless there is an FPRAS for all of #RHPi_1. The result also implies that it is computationally difficult to approximate the weight enumerator of a binary linear code, apart from at the special weights at which the problem is exactly solvable in polynomial time. As a consequence, we show that approximating the cycle index polynomial of a permutation group is hard for #RHPi_1 under AP-reducibility, partially resolving a question that we first posed in 1992.
Automated Retrosynthesis Planning of Macromolecules Using Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs
Creators: name: Ma, Qinyu
name: Zhou, Yuhao
name: Li, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Identifying reliable synthesis pathways in materials chemistry is a complex task, particularly in polymer science, due to the intricate and often non-unique nomenclature of macromolecules. To address this challenge, we propose an agent system that integrates large language models (LLMs) and knowledge graphs. By leveraging LLMs' powerful capabilities for extracting and recognizing chemical substance names, and storing the extracted data in a structured knowledge graph, our system fully automates the retrieval of relevant literatures, extraction of reaction data, database querying, construction of retrosynthetic pathway trees, further expansion through the retrieval of additional literature and recommendation of optimal reaction pathways. By considering the complex interdependencies among chemical reactants, a novel Multi-branched Reaction Pathway Search Algorithm (MBRPS) is proposed to help identify all valid multi-branched reaction pathways, which arise when a single product decomposes into multiple reaction intermediates. In contrast, previous studies were limited to cases where a product decomposes into at most one reaction intermediate. This work represents the first attempt to develop a fully automated retrosynthesis planning agent tailored specially for macromolecules powered by LLMs. Applied to polyimide synthesis, our new approach constructs a retrosynthetic pathway tree with hundreds of pathways and recommends optimized routes, including both known and novel pathways. This demonstrates utilizing LLMs for literature consultation to accomplish specific tasks is possible and crucial for future materials research, given the vast amount of materials-related literature.
description: The source code of RetroSynthesisAgent is available at https://github.com/QinyuMa316/RetroSynthesisAgent
Brain regions involved in spatial frequency discrimination: evidence from fMRI
Creators: name: Greenlee, Mark W.
name: Magnussen, Svein
name: Reinvang, Ivar
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), Perceptual discrimination, Perceptual discrimination, Spatial frequency, Human, Visual cortex, Psychophysics
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The cortical areas underlying successive spatial-frequency discrimination were explored using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). In a steady-state, block-design paradigm, 12 subjects viewed a single fixation cross during a rest period, followed by an activation period consisting of the presentation of horizontal (distractors) and vertical (targets) sinewave gratings. Two tasks were performed: in the control task, subjects pressed a button after the second vertical grating was presented within each trial; in the discrimination task, subjects decided which target grating had the higher spatial frequency. Post-processing consisted of off-line image registration to correct for head motion, spatial and temporal smoothing, and cross-correlation between each voxel time course and a phase-shifted stimulus time profile. The results indicate that striate, extrastriate, parietal, and prefrontal areas show significant BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) effects during both discrimination and control tasks, with consistently higher activity levels in the discrimination task.
Total internal reflection and evanescent gain
Creators: name: Grepstad, Jon Olav
name: Skaar, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Total internal reflection occurs for large angles of incidence, when light is incident from a high-refractive-index medium onto a low-index medium. We consider the situation where the low-index medium is active. By invoking causality in its most fundamental form, we argue that evanescent gain may or may not appear, depending on the analytic and global properties of the permittivity function. For conventional, weak gain media, we show that there is an absolute instability associated with infinite transversal dimensions. This instability can be ignored or eliminated in certain cases, for which evanescent gain prevails.
description: http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-22-21404
Finger-in-glove sign
Creators: name: Andrade, Luisa
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Congenital

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 28 years
description: Clinical History: A 51 year-old man was referred to our hospital because of a pulmonary nodule detected on a chest radiograph. He was a non-smoker with a history of chronic dry cough. Final Diagnosis: Segmental bronchial atresia with secondary bronchocele
Spatial imagery in deductive reasoning: a functional MRI study
Creators: name: Knauff, Markus
name: Mulack, Thomas
name: Kassubek, Jan
name: Salih, Helmut R.
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Reasoning, Deduction, Mental imagery, Spatial mental model, Parieto-occipital pathway, fMRI
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Various cognitive theories aim to explain human deductive reasoning: (1) mental logic theories claim syntactic language-based proofs of derivation, (2) the mental model theory proposes cognitive processes of constructing and manipulating spatially organized mental models, and (3) imagery theories postulate that such abilities are based on visual mental images. To explore the neural substrates of human deductive reasoning, we examined BOLD (blood oxygen level dependent) contrasts of twelve healthy participants during relational and conditional reasoning with whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results indicate that, in the absence of any correlated visual input, reasoning activated an occipitoparietal–frontal network, including parts of the prefrontal cortex (Brodmann’s area, BA, 6, 9) and the cingulate gyrus (BA 32), the superior and inferior parietal cortex (BA 7, 40), the precuneus (BA 7), and the visual association cortex (BA 19). In the discussion, we first focus on the activated occipito-parietal pathway that is well known to be involved in spatial perception and spatial working memory. Second, we briefly relate the activation in the prefrontal cortical areas and in the anterior cingulate gyrus to other imaging studies on higher cognitive functions. Finally, we draw some general conclusions and argue that reasoners envisage and inspect spatially organized mental models to solve deductive inference problems.
Functional MRI in Patients with Band Heterotopia
Creators: name: Spreer, J.
name: Martin, P.
name: Greenlee, M. W.
name: Wohlfarth, R.
name: Hammen, A.
name: Arnold, S. M.
name: Schumacher, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: fMRI, double cortex, laminar heterotopia
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Functional activation associated with a motor task (fist movements) was studied in three patients with band heterotopias by fMRI. In two patients, additional visual fMRI studies were performed using a flickering checkerboard stimulus. In all patients activation of the outer cortex and of the inner neuronal band could be found during performance of the motor task. Visual stimulation elicited a normal activation pattern without activation of the ectopic neuronal layer in one patient; in another patient activation extended toward the ventricular wall, i.e., along the route of embryonic neuronal migration. The potential participation of ectopic neuronal tissue in physiologic cerebral functions is of clinical impact in patients with neuronal heterotopias suffering from medically intractable seizures prior to epilepsy surgery.
Limited-capacity mechanisms of visual discrimination
Creators: name: Greenlee, Mark W.
name: Magnussen, Svein
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Divided attention, Perceptual discrimination, Short-term memory, Spatial frequency
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Discrimination thresholds of spatial frequency and choice reaction times (RT) were measured in three subjects who performed a dual-judgment delayed discrimination task. Two reference gratings were presented side-by-side with a 0-800 msec stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA), which were followed after a 5-sec retention interval by two test gratings. Subjects judged which component changed and which interval had the higher spatial frequency (SF). Thresholds in the dual-judgment task were four to six times higher than thresholds in single-judgment tasks. The SOA had only a moderate effect on discrimination thresholds, whereas the difference between the spatial frequencies of the two components had a highly significant effect. The discrimination thresholds increase with increasing spatial frequency difference for the lower SF component, while they decrease for the higher SF component. An analysis of the distribution of possible error types indicated that all subjects tended to respond more frequently that the higher SF component changed. This tendency led to more errors on trials where the low SF component changed. A post- hoc analysis revealed, in two of the three subjects, a significant correlation between Af/f and RT such that higher Af/f values were associated with lower RTs and vice versa.
Counting in Graph Covers: A Combinatorial Characterization of the Bethe Entropy Function
Creators: name: Vontobel, Pascal O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present a combinatorial characterization of the Bethe entropy function of a factor graph, such a characterization being in contrast to the original, analytical, definition of this function. We achieve this combinatorial characterization by counting valid configurations in finite graph covers of the factor graph. Analogously, we give a combinatorial characterization of the Bethe partition function, whose original definition was also of an analytical nature. As we point out, our approach has similarities to the replica method, but also stark differences. The above findings are a natural backdrop for introducing a decoder for graph-based codes that we will call symbolwise graph-cover decoding, a decoder that extends our earlier work on blockwise graph-cover decoding. Both graph-cover decoders are theoretical tools that help towards a better understanding of message-passing iterative decoding, namely blockwise graph-cover decoding links max-product (min-sum) algorithm decoding with linear programming decoding, and symbolwise graph-cover decoding links sum-product algorithm decoding with Bethe free energy function minimization at temperature one. In contrast to the Gibbs entropy function, which is a concave function, the Bethe entropy function is in general not concave everywhere. In particular, we show that every code picked from an ensemble of regular low-density parity-check codes with minimum Hamming distance growing (with high probability) linearly with the block length has a Bethe entropy function that is convex in certain regions of its domain.
description: Submitted to IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, Nov. 20, 2010; rev. Sep. 22, 2012; current version, Oct. 9, 2012. Main changes from v1 to v2: new example (Example 34), new lemma (Lemma 35), changed some notation, changed the domain of the Gibbs free energy function and related functions, reordered some sections/appendices, fixed some typos, improved the background discussion, added some new references
Quantum quenches in disordered systems: Approach to thermal equilibrium without a typical relaxation time
Creators: name: Khatami, Ehsan
name: Rigol, Marcos
name: Relaño, Armando
name: Garcia-Garcia, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study spectral properties and the dynamics after a quench of one-dimensional spinless fermions with short-range interactions and long-range random hopping. We show that a sufficiently fast decay of the hopping term promotes localization effects at finite temperature, which prevents thermalization even if the classical motion is chaotic. For slower decays, we find that thermalization does occur. However, within this model, the latter regime falls in an unexpected universality class, namely, observables exhibit a power-law (as opposed to an exponential) approach to their thermal expectation values.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Higher Spin Gravity with Matter in AdS_3 and Its CFT Dual
Creators: name: Chang, Chi-Ming
name: Yin, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Vasiliev's system of higher spin gauge fields coupled to massive scalars in AdS_3, and compute the tree level two and three point functions. These are compared to the large N limit of the W_N minimal model, and nontrivial agreements are found. We propose a modified version of the conjecture of Gaberdiel and Gopakumar, under which the bulk theory is perturbatively dual to a subsector of the CFT that closes on the sphere.
description: 58 pages; typos corrected, references added
Motion VEPs with simultaneous measurement of perceived velocity
Creators: name: Müller, Rolf
name: Göpfert, Edith
name: Breuer, David
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: adaptation, channel,s motion-onset VEP, N200 wave, perceived velocity, speed dependence
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The dependency of the N200 amplitude of the motion-onset VEP evoked by a parafoveal grating of variable speed (0.25 – 13.5 deg/s, corresponding to 0.5 – 27 Hz) and constant contrast (4%) was studied. Additional measurements were made with parafoveally presented gratings of constant speed (2 deg/s, corresponding to 4 Hz) and a variable contrast (0.5 – 64%) before and after adaptation to a stationary or drifting grating. In this latter experiment, simultaneous psychophysical measurements were made of the perceived speed. The amplitude of the N200 wave increased with increasing stimulus speed within the slow speed range up to 1.5 deg/s (corresponding to 3 Hz). Adaptation to a stationary grating had no significant effect on the relationship between the N200 amplitude and stimulus contrast. Contrary to this, adaptation to a slowly drifting grating (1 deg/s, corresponding to 2 Hz) or to a rapidly drifting grating (4 deg/s, corresponding to 8 Hz) reduced the N200 amplitude significantly. Adaptation to a stationary grating slightly reduced the perceived speed of subsequently viewed gratings. Adaptation to a slowly drifting grating increased the perceived speed of the subsequently viewed gratings, whereas adaptation to a rapidly drifting grating decreased the perceived speed. The findings can be best explained by a two-channel model of speed perception. While the motion VEP reflects the sum of both channel activities, the psychophysical measures point to the antagonistic encoding of low and high velocities.
New supersymmetric sigma-model duality
Creators: name: Kuzenko, Sergei M.
name: Lindstrom, Ulf
name: von Unge, Rikard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dualities in off-shell 4D N = 2 supersymmetric sigma-models, using the projective superspace approach. These include (i) duality between the real O(2n) and polar multiplets; and (ii) polar-polar duality. We demonstrate that the dual of any superconformal sigma-model is superconformal. Since N = 2 superconformal sigma-models (for which target spaces are hyperkahler cones) formulated in terms of polar multiplets are naturally associated with Kahler cones (which are target spaces for N = 1 superconformal sigma-models), polar-polar duality generates a transformation between different Kahler cones. In the non-superconformal case, we study implications of polar-polar duality for the sigma-model formulation in terms of N = 1 chiral superfields. In particular, we find the relation between the original hyperkahler potential and its dual. As an application of polar-polar duality, we study self-dual models.
description: 41 pages; V2: a reference added; V3: published version
The free oscillatory response of fjord-type multi-armed lakes
Creators: name: Brenner, Samuel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This study examines the structure and frequency of free seiche modes in fjord-type multi-armed lakes in order to generalize features of the response of those lakes. The effect of multiple arms on seiches within a lake is not easy to predict. To do so, this study develops a simplified analytical model (SAM) based on idealized lake geometries. In addition, a characterization of surface (barotropic) modes is compared for two ``Y-shaped'' lakes: Quesnel Lake in Canada, and Lake Como in Italy. Lake Como and Quesnel Lake are studied through a combination of field observations and modelling, both numerically using a Finite Element Method (FEM) scheme and using SAM. SAM demonstrates that multi-armed lakes are subject to two classifications of behaviour: a full-lake response, in which all arms are active; and a decoupled response, in which seiching is constrained to only two arms of the lake. A geometric parameter in each arm, which represents the travel time of a progressive shallow-water wave in that arm, determines the range of behaviours expressed: each lake will either experience only a whole-lake response or it will exhibit alternating whole-lake and decoupled modes. The behaviour predicted by SAM is consistent with modes observed and predicted in both Quesnel Lake and Lake Como. Modal periods are identified from observed water level measurements using spectral analysis. FEM predicted periods agree with observations. SAM correctly reproduces the periods of the lowest frequency modes in both lakes when a constant depth is used for each arm. Mode-shapes predicted by SAM qualitatively match those given by the FEM model. While all modes of Quesnel Lake are whole- lake modes, some of the modes in Lake Como exhibit a decoupled response. The results given here also support generalization of the fundamental mode as being inherently the same structure as Merian-type modes in simple elongated lakes. While the study focusses on barotropic modes, SAM can be similarly applied to internal (baroclinic) modes, and so the general behaviours observed here are appropriate for describing both the barotropic and baroclinic responses of multi-armed lakes.
The topology of scaling limits of positive genus random quadrangulations
Creators: name: Bettinelli, Jérémie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss scaling limits of large bipartite quadrangulations of positive genus. For a given g, we consider, for every $n\ge1$, a random quadrangulation $\mathfrak{q}_n$ uniformly distributed over the set of all rooted bipartite quadrangulations of genus g with n faces. We view it as a metric space by endowing its set of vertices with the graph metric. As n tends to infinity, this metric space, with distances rescaled by the factor $n^{-1/4}$, converges in distribution, at least along some subsequence, toward a limiting random metric space. This convergence holds in the sense of the Gromov-Hausdorff topology on compact metric spaces. We show that, regardless of the choice of the subsequence, the limiting space is almost surely homeomorphic to the genus g-torus.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/11-AOP675 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Equations of motion in General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: O'Hara, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous article a relationship was established between the linearized metrics of General Relativity associated with geodesics and the Dirac Equation of quantum mechanics. In this paper the extension of that result to arbitrary curves is investigated. The Dirac equation is derived and shown to be related to the Lie derivative of the momentum along the curve. In addition,the equations of motion are derived from the Hamilton-Jacobi equation associated with the metric and the wave equation associated with the Hamiltonian is then shown not to commute with the Dirac operator. Finally, the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution is shown to be a consequence of geodesic motion.
description: 17 pages