Paracloeodes Day
Creators: name: Nieto, Carolina
name: Salles, Frederico Falcaõ
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Baetidae
Paracloeodes

description: Paracloeodes Day
Paracloeodes Day, 1955: 121; Lugo­Ortiz & McCafferty, 1996: 162.
Iguaira Salles & Lugo­Ortiz, 2003: 202. SYN. NOV.
Type species: Paracloeodes abditus Day 1955 [synonym of Pseudocloeon minutus (Daggy) 1945]
Male Imago. Turbinate eyes oval, height of stalks half of eye diameter. Forewings with paired marginal intercalaries. Hind wings present or absent, if present with 2 longitudinal veins and with quadrangular costal process on basal third of anterior margin. Genitalia with forceps three­segmented, segment III elongate, bases of forceps widely separated.
Nymph. Head as long as wide. Frontal keel present or absent. Antennae 1.5–4 times the head capsule. Mouthparts: labrum (Fig. 1 a) wider than long, cleft of anterior margin with a small central lobe, dorsal surface with bifid setae on anterior margin (Fig. 28 b). Mandibles (Figs. 2 a, 3) without a row of setae on anterior margin between prostheca and mola, incisors cleft in two sets, inner set at right angle with outer set. Left mandible with molars with constrictions (Fig. 2 b), prostheca with 2–3 denticles (Fig. 2 a). Prostheca of right mandible slender and bifid (Fig. 3). Hypopharynx as in Fig. 4. Maxillae (Fig. 5) with palpi two­segmented, longer than apex of galea­lacinia. Labium (Fig. 6 a): glossae subequal to paraglossae, rounded apically and with short spines on external margins, paraglossae with a row of long spine­like setae; segment II of palpi with a distomedial projection, segment III conical, both segments with long setae (Figs. 6 a, b). Legs (Fig. 7) with femora with a dorsal row of short spines, tibiae subequal to tarsi. Tarsal claws elongate, with two rows of denticles (Fig. 8). Hind wing pads present or absent. Posterior margins of abdominal terga with spines (Fig. 9). Gills (Fig. 10) present on abdominal segments I–VII, elongate, more than two times length of tergum. Paraprocts with spines apically (Fig. 11). Terminal filament subequal to cerci.
Discussion. The description of new species and the revision of known species showed new evidence for the genus Paracloeodes. Lugo­Ortiz & McCafferty (1996) proposed as diagnostic characteristics the small body size of the nymphs, distinct shape of labial palpi, elongate tarsal claws with poorly defined denticulation, numerous minute ridges on the abdominal terga, relatively elongate gills and adults with small body size and a characteristic hind wing, when present. The cladistic analysis presented here isolated seven synapomorphies which change upon the diagnosis presented by Lugo­Ortiz & McCafferty (1996).
Iguaira was established by presenting a single synapomorphy: the segment I of labial palpi transverse to segments II and III. Only one specimen was studied at this moment. New material collected showed segment I of palpi orientated in the same way as the others two segments, subparallel to glossae and paraglossae. Our examination of material has shown that all characteristics present in Iguaira poranga are shared with other species of Paracloeodes. Results from the phylogenetic analysis clearly indicate that Iguaira poranga is a species of Paracloeodes, so Iguaira is placed as a junior subjective synonym of Paracloeodes and I. poranga is transferred to the genus.
Paracloeodes can be distinguished from the other genera of the family by the following combinations of characters. In the male imago: 1) hind wings, if present, with 2 longitudinal veins and with a quadrangular costal process; 2) forceps three­segmented, segment III elongate. In the nymphs: 1) mandibles (Figs. 2 a, 3) with inner sets of incisors at right angle to outer set; 2) left mandible with molars with constrictions (Fig. 2 b); 3) prostheca of right mandible bifid; 4) labium (Fig. 6 a) with glossae rounded apically, segment II of palpi with a distomedial projection, segment III conical (Fig. 6 b); 5) tarsal claws with two rows of denticles (Fig. 8).
description: Published as part of Nieto, Carolina & Salles, Frederico Falcaõ, 2006, Revision of the Genus Paracloeodes (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) in South America, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 1303 on pages 5-6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173668