cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetoelastic standing waves induced in UO$_{2}$ by microsecond magnetic field pulses
Creators: name: Schönemann, Rico
name: Rodriguez, George
name: Rickel, Dwight
name: Balakirev, Fedor
name: McDonald, Ross D.
name: Evans, Jordan
name: Maiorov, Boris
name: Paillard, Charles
name: Bellaiche, Laurent
name: Salamon, Myron B.
name: Gofryk, Krzysztof
name: Jaime, Marcelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetoelastic measurements in the piezomagnetic antiferromagnet UO$_{2}$ were performed via the fiber Bragg grating method in magnetic fields up to $150\,\mathrm{T}$ generated by a single-turn coil setup. We show that in short timescales, order of a few micro seconds, pulsed-magnetic fields excite mechanical resonances at temperatures ranging from $10\,\mathrm{K}$ to $300\,\mathrm{K}$, in the paramagnetic as well as within the robust antiferromagnetic state of the material. These resonances, which are barely attenuated within the 100 ms observations, are attributed to the strong magnetoelastic coupling in UO$_{2}$ combined with the high crystallographic quality of the single crystal samples. They compare well with mechanical resonances obtained by a resonant ultrasound technique and superimpose on the known non-monotonic magnetostriction background. A clear phase-shift of $π$ in the lattice oscillations is, unexpectedly, observed in the antiferromagnetic state when the magnetic field overcomes the piezomagnetic switch-field $H_c \simeq -18\,\mathrm{T}$. We further present simulations and a theoretical argument to explain the observed phenomena.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
REM near-IR and optical multiband observations of PKS2155-304 in 2005
Creators: name: Dolcini, A.
name: Farfanelli, F.
name: Ciprini, S.
name: Treves, A.
name: Covino, S.
name: Tosti, G.
name: Pian, E.
name: Sbarufatti, B.
name: Molinari, E.
name: Chincarini, G.
name: Zerbi, F. M.
name: Malaspina, G.
name: Conconi, P.
name: Nicastro, L.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Testa, V.
name: Vitali, F.
name: Antonelli, L. A.
name: Danziger, J.
name: Tagliaferri, G.
name: Meurs, E.
name: Vergani, S.
name: Fernandez-Soto, A.
name: Distefano, E.
name: Cutispoto, G.
name: D'Alessio, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral variability is the main tool for constraining emission models of BL Lac objects. By means of systematic observations of the BL Lac prototype PKS 2155-304 in the infrared-optical band, we explore variability on the scales of months, days and hours. We made our observations with the robotic 60 cm telescope REM located at La Silla, Chile. VRIJHK filters were used. PKS 2155-304 was observed from May to December 2005. The wavelength interval explored, the total number of photometric points and the short integration time render our photometry substantially superior to previous ones for this source. On the basis of the intensity and colour we distinguish three different states of the source, each of duration of months, which include all those described in the literature. In particular, we report the highest state ever detected in the H band. The source varied by a factor of 4 in this band, much more than in the V band (a factor ~2). The source softened with increasing intensity, contrary to the general pattern observed in the UV-X-ray bands. On five nights of November we had nearly continuous monitoring for 2-3 hours. A variability episode with a time scale of ~24 h is well documented, a much more rapid flare with t=1-2 h, is also apparent, but is supported by relatively few points.
description: This paper is the corrected version of the paper published in A&A 469 503. It contains the material in the "Errata Corrrige", in press in A&A
Additional file 1 of Magnitude and associated factors of substance use among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public hospitals of eastern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Metsihet Tariku Fetene
name: Kedir Teji
name: Nega Assefa
name: Wubet Alebachew Bayih
name: Genet Tsehaye
name: Habtamu Shimels Hailemeskel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Survey tool: A questionnaire containing Amharic, Afan Oromo, af- somali versions.
A novel application of RNase H2-dependent quantitative PCR for detection and quantification of Grosmannia clavigera, a mountain pine beetle fungal symbiont, in environmental samples
Creators: name: McAllister, Chandra H.; Fortier, Colleen E.; St Onge, Kate R.; Sacchi, Bianca M.; Nawrot, Meaghan J.; Locke, Troy; Cooke, Janice EK
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2018

Abstract
Photon Ring and Observational Appearance of a Hairy Black Hole
Creators: name: Gan, Qingyu
name: Wang, Peng
name: Wu, Houwen
name: Yang, Haitang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the image of a Schwarzschild black hole with an accretion disk has been revisited, and it showed that the "photon ring", defined as highly bent light rays that intersect the disk plane more than twice, is extremely narrow and makes a negligible contribution to the total brightness. In this paper, we investigate the observational appearance of an optically and geometrically thin accretion disk around a hairy black hole in an Einstein-Maxwell-scalar model. Intriguingly, we find that in a certain parameter regime, due to an extra maximum or an "ankle-like" structure in the effective potential for photons, the photon ring can be remarkably wide, thus making a notable contribution to the flux of the observed image. In particular, there appears a wide and bright annulus, which comprises multiple concentric bright thin rings with different luminosity, in the high resolution image.
description: v1:18pages, 8 figures; v2: 18pages, 8 figures, references added
Supernova Polarization and the Type IIn Classification
Creators: name: Hoffman, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the members of the Type IIn category of supernovae are united by the presence of strong multicomponent Balmer emission lines in their spectra, they are quite heterogeneous with respect to other properties such as Balmer line profiles, light curves, strength of radio emission, and intrinsic brightness. We are now beginning to see variety among SNe IIn in their polarimetric characteristics as well, some but not all of which may be due to inclination angle effects. The increasing number of known "hybrid" SNe with IIn-like emission lines suggests that circumstellar material may be more common around all types of SNe than previously thought. Investigation of the correlations between spectropolarimetric signatures and other IIn attributes will help us address the question of classification of "interacting SNe" and the possibility of distinguishing different groups within the diverse IIn subclass.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; to appear in "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years After: Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters", AIP, New York, eds. S. Immler, K.W. Weiler, and R. McCray. v2: References added, typos corrected, and figures slightly modified for legibility when reduced in size
Calculational Design of [In]Correctness Transformational Program Logics by Abstract Interpretation
Creators: name: Cousot, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This is the 66 pages full version (paper + appendix) with clickable hyper-references of the paper 

Patrick Cousot. 2024. Calculational Design of [In]Correctness Transformational Program Logics by Abstract Interpretation. Proc. ACM Program. Lang. 8, POPL, Article 7 (January 2024), 34 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/ 3632849

We study transformational program logics for correctness and incorrectness that we extend to explicitly handle both termination and nontermination. We show that the logics are abstract interpretations of the right image transformer for a natural relational semantics covering both finite and infinite executions. This understanding of logics as abstractions of a semantics facilitates their comparisons through their respective abstractions of the semantics  (rather that the much more difficult comparison through their formal proof systems). More importantly, the formalization provides a calculational method for constructively designing the sound and complete formal proof system by abstraction of the semantics. As an example, we extend Hoare logic to cover all possible behaviors of nondeterministic programs and design a new precondition (in)correctness logic.
Think Twice Before Enforcing A Notion: A Reflection and a Case Study on Fairness in Machine Learning
Creators: name: cmu, figshare admin
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: The thesis presents a reflection and a case study of fairness notions in machine learning. I review commonly used fairness notions and reflect on the subtleties with respect to the role played by causality in fairness analysis. Then focusing on the Equalized Odds notion of fairness, I consider the theoretical attainability of Equalized Odds and, furthermore, if it is attainable, the optimality of the prediction performance under various settings. In particular, for prediction performed by a deterministic function of input features, I give the conditions under which Equalized Odds can hold true; if the stochastic prediction is acceptable, I show that under mild assumptions, fair predictors can always be derived. For classification tasks, I further prove that compared to enforcing fairness by post-processing, one can further benefit from exploiting all available features during training and get potentially better prediction performance while remaining fair.
On statistical estimation and inferences in optional regression models
Creators: name: Abdelghani, Mohamed
name: Melnikov, Alexander
name: Pak, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62F12 (Primary) 60G20, 62L12 (Secondary)

description: The main object of investigation in this paper is a very general regression model in optional setting - when an observed process is an optional semimartingale depending on an unknown parameter. It is well-known that statistical data may present an information flow/filtration without usual conditions. The estimation problem is achieved by means of structural least squares (LS) estimates and their sequential versions. The main results of the paper are devoted to the strong consistency of such LS-estimates. For sequential LS-estimates the property of fixed accuracy is proved.
description: to be published in Statistics: A Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics
Search for invisibly decaying Higgs bosons in e+e- -> Zoho production at sqrt(s) = 183 - 209 GeV
Creators: name: The OPAL Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is performed for Higgs bosons decaying into invisible final states, produced in association with a Zo boson in e+e- collisions at energies between 183 and 209 GeV. The search is based on data samples collected by the OPAL detector at LEP corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 660 pb-1. The analysis aims to select events containing the hadronic decay products of the Zo boson and large missing momentum, as expected from Higgs boson decay into a pair of stable weakly interacting neutral particles, such as the lightest neutralino in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The same analysis is applied to a search for nearly invisible Higgs boson cascade decays into stable weakly interacting neutral particles. No excess over the expected background from Standard Model processes is observed. Limits on the production of invisibly decaying Higgs bosons produced in association with a Zo boson are derived. Assuming a branching ratio BR(ho->invisible)=1, a lower limit of 108.2 GeV is placed on the Higgs boson mass at the 95% confidence level. Limits on the production of nearly invisibly decaying Higgs bosons are also obtained.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to Phys. Letts. B
Cosmic Birefringence Triggered by Dark Matter Domination
Creators: name: Nakagawa, Shota
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
name: Yamada, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic birefringence is predicted if an axion-like particle (ALP) moves after the recombination. We show that this naturally happens if the ALP is coupled to the dark matter density because it then acquires a large effective mass after the matter-radiation equality. Our scenario applies to a broad range of the ALP mass $m_ϕ\lesssim 10^{-28}$ eV, even smaller than the present Hubble constant. We give a simple model to realize this scenario, where dark matter is made of hidden monopoles, which give the ALP such a large effective mass through the Witten effect. The mechanism works if the ALP decay constant is of order the GUT scale without a fine-tuning of the initial misalignment angle. For smaller decay constant, the hidden monopole can be a fraction of dark matter. We also study the implications for the QCD axion, and show that the domain wall problem can be solved by the effective mass.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 1 of Increased serum QUIN/KYNA is a reliable biomarker of post-stroke cognitive decline
Creators: name: Cogo, Adrien
name: Mangin, Gabrielle
name: Maïer, Benjamin
name: Callebert, Jacques
name: Mazighi, Mikael
name: Hughes Chabriat
name: Launay, Jean-Marie
name: Huberfeld, Gilles
name: Kubis, Nathalie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1.
Unbounded entanglement production via a dissipative impurity
Creators: name: Alba, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the entanglement dynamics in a free-fermion chain initially prepared in a Fermi sea and subjected to localized losses (dissipative impurity). We derive a formula describing the dynamics of the entanglement entropies in the hydrodynamic limit of long times and large intervals. The result depends only on the absorption coefficient of the effective delta potential describing the impurity in the hydrodynamic limit. Genuine dissipation-induced entanglement is certified by the linear growth of the logarithmic negativity. Finally, in the quantum Zeno regime at strong dissipation the entanglement growth is arrested (Zeno entanglement death).
description: 29 pages, 12 figures, 1 appendix. Typos corrected, added references
Additional file 1 of Deploying unsupervised clustering analysis to derive clinical phenotypes and risk factors associated with mortality risk in 2022 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Spain
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Alejandro
name: Ruiz-Botella, Manuel
name: Martín-Loeches, Ignacio
name: Herrera, María Jimenez
name: Solé-Violan, Jordi
name: Gómez, Josep
name: Bodí, María
name: Trefler, Sandra
name: Papiol, Elisabeth
name: Díaz, Emili
name: Suberviola, Borja
name: Vallverdu, Montserrat
name: Mayor-Vázquez, Eric
name: Moreno, Antonio Albaya
name: Berlanga, Alfonso Canabal
name: Sánchez, Miguel
name: Ortíz, María Del Valle
name: Ballesteros, Juan Carlos
name: Iglesias, Lorena Martín
name: Marín-Corral, Judith
name: Ramos, Esther López
name: Valverde, Virginia Hidalgo
name: Tello, Loreto Vidaur Vidaur
name: Chinesta, Susana Sancho
name: Molina, Francisco Javier Gonzáles De
name: García, Sandra Herrero
name: Pérez, Carmen Carolina Sena
name: Laderas, Juan Carlos Pozo
name: García, Raquel Rodríguez
name: Estella, Angel
name: Ferrer, Ricard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary online content.
Near-Infrared Spectra of the Black Hole X-Ray Binary, A0620-00
Creators: name: Froning, C. S.
name: Robinson, E. L.
name: Bitner, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present broadband NIR spectra of A0620-00 obtained with SpeX on the IRTF. The spectrum is characterized by a blue continuum on which are superimposed broad emission lines of HI and HeII and a host of narrower absorption lines of neutral metals and molecules. Spectral type standard star spectra scaled to the dereddened spectrum of A0620-00 in K exceed the A0620-00 spectrum in J and H for all stars of spectral type K7V or earlier, demonstrating that the donor star, unless later than K7V, cannot be the sole NIR flux source in A0620-00. In addition, the atomic absorption lines in the K3V spectrum are too weak with respect to those of A0620-00 even at 100% donor star contribution, restricting the spectral type of the donor star in A0620-00 to later than K3V. Comparison of the A0620-00 spectrum to scaled K star spectra indicates that the CO absorption features are significantly weaker in A0620-00 than in field dwarf stars. Fits of scaled model spectra of a Roche lobe-filling donor star to the spectrum of A0620-00 show that the best match to the CO absorption lines is obtained when the C abundance is reduced to [C/H] = -1.5. The donor star contribution in the H waveband is determined to be 82+-2%. Combined with previous published results from Froning & Robinson (2001) and Marsh et al. (1994), this gives a precise mass for the black hole in A0620-00 of M_BH = 9.7+-0.6 M_solar.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of Division of developmental phases of freshwater leech Whitmania pigra and key genes related to neurogenesis revealed by whole genome and transcriptome analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Jiali
name: Liu, Jinxin
name: Li, Mingyue
name: Zhou, Lisi
name: Kong, Weijun
name: Zhang, Hailin
name: Jin, Panpan
name: Lu, Fuhua
name: Lin, Gufa
name: Shi, Linchun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Ceramic breeding tube for leech.
Multiphoton resonance in a driven Kerr oscillator in presence of high-order nonlinearities
Creators: name: Anikin, Evgeny V.
name: Maslova, Natalya S.
name: Gippius, Nikolay A.
name: Sokolov, Igor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We considered the multiphoton resonance in the periodically driven quantum oscillator with Kerr nonlinearity in the presence of weak high-order nonlinearities. Multiphoton resonance leads to the emergence of peaks and dips in the dependence of the stationary occupations of the stable states on detuning. We demonstrated that due to high-order nonlinearities, these peaks and dips acquire additional fine structure and split into several closely spaced ones. Quasiclassically, multiphoton resonance is treated as tunneling between the regions of the oscillator phase portrait, and the fine structure of the multiphoton resonance is a consequence of a special quasienergy dependence of the tunneling rate between different regions of the classical phase portrait. For different values of damping and high-order nonlinearity coefficients, we identified the domain of quasienergies where tunneling strongly influences the system kinetics. The corresponding tunneling term in the Fokker-Planck equation in quasienergy space was derived directly from the quantum master equation.
Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of subsurface drainage design
Creators: name: Wu, Guangxi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Literature on subsurface drainage theories, determination of drainage parameters, and analysis approaches of uncertainty was reviewed. Sensitivity analysis was carried out on drain spacing equations for steady state and nonsteady state, in homogeneous soils and in layered soils. It was found that drain spacing is very sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity, the drainage coefficient, and the design midspan water table height. Spacing is not sensitive to the depth of the impermeable layer and the drain radius. In transient state, spacing is extremely sensitive to the midspan water table heights if the water table fall is relatively small. In that case steady state theory will yield more reliable results and its use is recommended. Drain spacing is usually more sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity of the soil below the drains than to that of the soil above the drains. Therefore, it is desirable to take samples from deeper soil when measuring hydraulic conductivity. A new spacing formula was developed for two-layered soils and a special case of three-layered soils with drains at the interface of the top two layers. This equation was compared with the Kirkham equation. The new formula yields spacings close to the Kirkham equation if the hydraulic conductivity of the soil above the drains is relatively small; otherwise, it tends to give more accurate results. First and second order analysis methods were employed to analyze parameter uncertainty in subsurface drainage design. It was found that conventional design methods based on a deterministic framework may result in inadequate spacing due to the uncertainty involved. Uncertainty may be incorporated into practical design by using the simple equations and graphs presented in this research; the procedure was illustrated through an example. Conclusions were drawn from the present study and recommendations were made for future research.
Additional file 1 of ATP-evoked intracellular Ca2+ transients shape the ionic permeability of human microglia from epileptic temporal cortex
Creators: name: Palomba, Nicole Piera
name: Martinello, Katiuscia
name: Cocozza, Germana
name: Casciato, Sara
name: Mascia, Addolorata
name: Gennaro, Giancarlo Di
name: Morace, Roberta
name: Esposito, Vincenzo
name: Wulff, Heike
name: Limatola, Cristina
name: Fucile, Sergio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The activation of TRPC3/6 channels increases [Ca2+]i and potentiates the transmembrane currents in human microglia. Table S1. Patients included in the study.
Vibration diagnostics instrumentation for ILC
Creators: name: Bertolini, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The future e-e+ 500 GeV International Linear Collider will rely on unprecedented nanometer scale particle beam size at the interaction point, in order to achieve the design luminosity. Tight tolerances on static and dynamic alignment of the accelerator cavities and optical components are demanded to transport and focus the high energy electron and positron beams with reasonable position jitter and low emittance. A brief review of techniques and devices evaluated and developed so far for the vibration diagnostics of the machine is presented in this paper.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, this is a review article which will appear in a special issue of Measurement Science and Technology on high energy particle accelerator technology
A Possible Selection Rule for Flares Causing Sunquakes
Creators: name: Chen, Ruizhu
name: Zhao, Junwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sunquakes are helioseismic power enhancements initiated by solar flares, but not all flares generate sunquakes. It is curious why some flares cause sunquakes while others do not. Here we propose a hypothesis to explain the disproportionate occurrence of sunquakes: during a flare's impulsive phase when the flare's impulse acts upon the photosphere, delivered by shock waves, energetic particles from higher atmosphere, or by downward Lorentz Force, a sunquake tends to occur if the background oscillation at the flare footpoint happens to oscillate downward in the same direction with the impulse from above. To verify this hypothesis, we select 60 strong flares in Solar Cycle 24, and examine the background oscillatory velocity at the sunquake sources during the flares' impulsive phases. Since the Doppler velocity observations at sunquake sources are usually corrupted during the flares, we reconstruct the oscillatory velocity in the flare sites using helioseismic holography method with an observation-based Green's function. A total of 24 flares are found to be sunquake active, giving a total of 41 sunquakes. It is also found that in 3-5 mHz frequency band, 25 out of 31 sunquakes show net downward oscillatory velocities during the flares' impulsive phases, and in 5-7 mHz frequency band, 33 out of 38 sunquakes show net downward velocities. These results support the hypothesis that a sunquake more likely occurs when a flare impacts a photospheric area with a downward background oscillation.
Performance limits of graphene-ribbon-based field effect transistors
Creators: name: Munoz-Rojas, F.
name: Fernandez-Rossier, J.
name: Brey, L.
name: Palacios, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The performance of field effect transistors based on an single graphene ribbon with a constriction and a single back gate are studied with the help of atomistic models. It is shown how this scheme, unlike that of traditional carbon-nanotube-based transistors, reduces the importance of the specifics of the chemical bonding to the metallic electrodes in favor of the carbon-based part of device. The ultimate performance limits are here studied for various constriction and metal-ribbon contact models. In particular we show that, even for poorly contacting metals, properly taylored constrictions can give promising values for both the on-conductance and the subthreshold swing.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets. X. A m sin i = 11 Mearth planet around the nearby spotted M dwarf GJ 674
Creators: name: Bonfils, X.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Delfosse, X.
name: Forveille, T.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Perrier, C.
name: Udry, S.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Lovis, C.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Bertaux, J. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: How planet properties depend on stellar mass is a key diagnostic of planetary formation mechanisms. Aims: This motivates planet searches around stars which are significantly more massive or less massive than the Sun, and in particular our radial velocity search for planets around very-low mass stars. Methods: As part of that program, we obtained measurements of GJ 674, an M2.5 dwarf at d=4.5 pc, which have a dispersion much in excess of their internal errors. An intensive observing campaign demonstrates that the excess dispersion is due to two superimposed coherent signals, with periods of 4.69 and 35 days. Results: These data are well described by a 2-planet Keplerian model where each planet has a ~11 Mearth minimum mass. A careful analysis of the (low level) magnetic activity of GJ 674 however demonstrates that the 35-day period coincides with the stellar rotation period. This signal therefore originates in a spot inhomogeneity modulated by stellar rotation. The 4.69-day signal on the other hand is caused by a bona-fide planet, GJ 674b. Conclusion: Its detection adds to the growing number of Neptune-mass planets around M-dwarfs, and reinforces the emerging conclusion that this mass domain is much more populated than the jovian mass range. We discuss the metallicity distributions of M dwarf with and without planets and find a low 11% probability that they are drawn from the same parent distribution. Moreover, we find tentative evidence that the host star metallicity correlates with the total mass of their planetary system.
description: submitted to A&A (January 09, 2007)
Self Improving Sobolev-Poincare Inequalities, Truncation and Symmetrization
Creators: name: Martin, Joaquim
name: Milman, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In a previous paper we developed a new method to obtain symmetrization inequalities of Sobolev type for functions in $W_{0}^{1,1}(Ω)$. In this paper we extend our method to Sobolev functions that do not vanish at the boundary.
An individual based model with global competition interaction: fluctuations effects in pattern formation
Creators: name: Brigatti, E.
name: Schwammle, V.
name: Neto, Minos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present some numerical results obtained from a simple individual based model that describes clustering of organisms caused by competition. Our aim is to show how, even when a deterministic description developed for continuum models predicts no pattern formation, an individual based model displays well defined patterns, as a consequence of fluctuations effects caused by the discrete nature of the interacting agents.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, minor changes
A Comparison between Anomalous 6-cm H$_2$CO Absorption and CO(1-0) Emission in the L1204/S140
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Monica Ivette
name: Wiklind, Tommy
name: Allen, Ronald J.
name: Escalante, Vladimir
name: Loinard, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations of the dust cloud L1204 with the Onsala 25-m telescope in the 6 cm (1$_{11}-1_{10}$) transition of \htco. The observed region includes the S140 H$α$ arc. This spectral line is seen here in absorption against the cosmic microwave background, indicating the presence of widespread warm molecular gas at intermediate densities. Overall, the distributions of H$_2$CO and CO (taken from the literature) are fairly similar, though significant differences exist at small scales. Most notably, while the CO peak is nearly coincident with the S140 H$α$ arc, the maximum H$_2$CO absorption is clearly separated from it by a full 10$'$ beam ($\sim$ 3 pc). We argue that these differences result from differing abundances and excitation requirements. The CO(1-0) line is more optically thick and more biased towards warm gas than the H$_2$CO 6 cm line. On the other hand, formaldehyde is more easily photodissociated and is, therefore, a poorer tracer of the molecular gas located immediately behind Photon Dominated Regions.
description: 9 pages 6 figures ApJ:accepted
REXPACO: an algorithm for high contrast reconstruction of the circumstellar environment by angular differential imaging
Creators: name: Flasseur, Olivier
name: Thé, Samuel
name: Denis, Loïc
name: Thiébaut, Éric
name: Langlois, Maud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. The purpose of this paper is to describe a new post-processing algorithm dedicated to the reconstruction of the spatial distribution of light received from off-axis sources, in particular from circumstellar disks. Methods. Built on the recent PACO algorithm dedicated to the detection of point-like sources, the proposed method is based on the local learning of patch covariances capturing the spatial fluctuations of the stellar leakages. From this statistical modeling, we develop a regularized image reconstruction algorithm (REXPACO) following an inverse problem approach based on a forward image formation model of the off-axis sources in the ADI sequences. Results. Injections of fake circumstellar disks in ADI sequences from the VLT/SPHERE-IRDIS instrument show that both the morphology and the photometry of the disks are better preserved by REXPACO compared to standard postprocessing methods like cADI. In particular, the modeling of the spatial covariances proves usefull in reducing typical ADI artifacts and in better disentangling the signal of these sources from the residual stellar contamination. The application to stars hosting circumstellar disks with various morphologies confirms the ability of REXPACO to produce images of the light distribution with reduced artifacts. Finally, we show how REXPACO can be combined with PACO to disentangle the signal of circumstellar disks from the signal of candidate point-like sources. Conclusions. REXPACO is a novel post-processing algorithm producing numerically deblurred images of the circumstellar environment. It exploits the spatial covariances of the stellar leakages and of the noise to efficiently eliminate this nuisance term.
Additional file 2 of Perceived differences on the role of traditional birth attendants in rural Tanzania: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Shimpuku, Yoko
name: Madeni, Frida E.
name: Shimoda, Kana
name: Satoe Miura
name: Mwilike, Beatrice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Interview Guide for Traditional Birth Attendants
A Model-Distributed Inference Approach for Large Language Models at the Edge
Creators: name: Macario, Davide
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: We present an implementation of Model-Distributed Inference for Large-Language Models ("MDI-LLM"), a framework designed to deploy state-of-the-art LLMs across a network of low-power edge devices. This is achieved by partitioning the model layers into chunks, each assigned to different nodes that exchange intermediate network activations wirelessly over the air. To optimize this process, we introduce "recurrent pipeline parallelism," a technique that minimizes idle time for each device and enables parallel inference when generating multiple pieces of text. By collectively utilizing the computational resources of multiple edge devices, MDI-LLM allows the deployment of models too large to fit on a single edge device, allowing inference on cheap hardware. Also, increasing the number of cooperating devices allows MDI-LLM to increase token generation rates while reducing per-device memory consumption.
CP violation in scatterings, three body processes and the Boltzmann equations for leptogenesis
Creators: name: Nardi, Enrico
name: Racker, Juan
name: Roulet, Esteban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain the Boltzmann equations for leptogenesis including decay and scattering processes with two and three body initial or final states. We present an explicit computation of the CP violating scattering asymmetries. We analyze their possible impact in leptogenesis, and we discuss the validity of their approximate expressions in terms of the decay asymmetry. In scenarios in which the initial heavy neutrino density vanishes, the inclusion of CP asymmetries in scatterings can enforce a cancellation between the lepton asymmetry generated at early times and the asymmetry produced at later times. We argue that a sizeable amount of washout is crucial for spoiling this cancellation, and we show that in the regimes in which the washouts are particularly weak, the inclusion of CP violation in scatterings yields a reduction in the final value of the lepton asymmetry. In the strong washout regimes the inclusion of CP violation in scatterings still leads to a significant enhancement of the lepton asymmetry at high temperatures; however, due to the independence from the early conditions that is characteristic of these regimes, the final value of the lepton asymmetry remains approximately unchanged.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures. One appendix added. Some numerical results and corresponding figures (mainly fig. 3) corrected. Final version to be published in JHEP
A Microarchitecture Implementation Framework for Online Learning with Temporal Neural Networks
Creators: name: Nair, Harideep
name: Shen, John Paul
name: Smith, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Temporal Neural Networks (TNNs) are spiking neural networks that use time as a resource to represent and process information, similar to the mammalian neocortex. In contrast to compute-intensive deep neural networks that employ separate training and inference phases, TNNs are capable of extremely efficient online incremental/continual learning and are excellent candidates for building edge-native sensory processing units. This work proposes a microarchitecture framework for implementing TNNs using standard CMOS. Gate-level implementations of three key building blocks are presented: 1) multi-synapse neurons, 2) multi-neuron columns, and 3) unsupervised and supervised online learning algorithms based on Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP). The proposed microarchitecture is embodied in a set of characteristic scaling equations for assessing the gate count, area, delay and power for any TNN design. Post-synthesis results (in 45nm CMOS) for the proposed designs are presented, and their online incremental learning capability is demonstrated.
description: To be published in ISVLSI 2021. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2009.00457
Additional file 2 of Division of developmental phases of freshwater leech Whitmania pigra and key genes related to neurogenesis revealed by whole genome and transcriptome analysis
Creators: name: Liu, Jiali
name: Liu, Jinxin
name: Li, Mingyue
name: Zhou, Lisi
name: Kong, Weijun
name: Zhang, Hailin
name: Jin, Panpan
name: Lu, Fuhua
name: Lin, Gufa
name: Shi, Linchun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Species distribution analysis in NR database.
Susceptibility of Trapped-Ion Qubits to Low-Dose Radiation Sources
Creators: name: Cui, Jiafeng
name: Rasmusson, A. J.
name: D'Onofrio, Marissa
name: Xie, Yuanheng
name: Wolanski, Evangeline
name: Richerme, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study the real-time susceptibility of trapped-ion quantum systems to small doses of ionizing radiation. We expose an ion-trap apparatus to a variety of $α$, $β$, and $γ$ sources and measure the resulting changes in trapped-ion qubit lifetimes, coherence times, gate fidelities, and motional heating rates. We found no quantifiable degradation of ion trap performance in the presence of low-dose radiation sources for any of the measurements performed. This finding is encouraging for the long-term prospects of using ion-based quantum information systems in extreme environments, indicating that much larger doses may be required to induce errors in trapped-ion quantum processors.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, slightly revised text
Dimers on surface graphs and spin structures. II
Creators: name: Cimasoni, David
name: Reshetikhin, Nicolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B20, 57R15

description: In a previous paper, we showed how certain orientations of the edges of a graph G embedded in a closed oriented surface S can be understood as discrete spin structures on S. We then used this correspondence to give a geometric proof of the Pfaffian formula for the partition function of the dimer model on G. In the present article, we generalize these results to the case of compact oriented surfaces with boundary. We also show how the operations of cutting and gluing act on discrete spin structures and how they change the partition function. These operations allow to reformulate the dimer model as a quantum field theory on surface graphs.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures
Additional file 1 of Involvement of mutant and wild-type CYSLTR2 in the development and progression of uveal nevi and melanoma
Creators: name: Nell, Rogier J.
name: Menger, Nino V.
name: Versluis, Mieke
name: Gregorius P. M. Luyten
name: Verdijk, Robert M.
name: Madigan, Michele C.
name: Jager, Martine J.
name: Velden, Pieter A. Van Der
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Context sequences, PCR annealing temperatures and supplier information for all assays used. Supplementary Data 1. Methodical overview of all digital PCR experimental setups. Supplementary Figure 1. CYSLTR2 p.L129Q mutation detected by Sanger sequencing of choroidal nevus 12B compared to the reference sequence from a healthy control. Supplementary Figure 2. SNP-array copy number profile and B-allele fractions of the CYSLTR2 mutant melanomas from the TCGA cohort. Supplementary Figure 3. Distribution of arm-level copy number alterations in 77 CYSLTR2 wild-type uveal melanomas from the TCGA cohort. Supplementary Figure 4. Origin of CYSLTR2 expression and characterisation of the immune microenvironment in uveal melanoma based on the single cell RNA expression analysis of the six tumours with > 2% CYSLTR2+ cells.
Analyser-free, intensity-based wide-field magneto-optical microscopy
Creators: name: Schäfer, R.
name: Oppeneer, Peter M.
name: Ognev, Alexey
name: Samardak, Alexander
name: Soldatov, Ivan V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In conventional Kerr- and Faraday microscopy the sample is illuminated with plane-polarised light and a magnetic domain contrast is generated by an analyser making use of the Kerr- or Faraday rotation. In this paper we demonstrate possibilities of analyser-free magneto-optical microscopy based on magnetisation-dependent intensity modulations of the light: (i) The transverse Kerr effect can be applied for in-plane magnetised material, demonstrated for an FeSi sheet. (ii) Illuminating the same sample with circularly polarised light leads to a domain contrast with a different symmetry as the conventional Kerr contrast. (iii) Circular polarisation can also be used for perpendicularly magnetised material, demonstrated for a garnet film and an ultrathin CoFeB film. (iv) Plane-polarised light at a specific angle can be employed for both, in-plane and perpendicular media. (v) Perpendicular light incidence leads to a domain contrast on in-plane materials that is quadratic in the magnetisation and to a domain boundary contrast. (vi) Domain contrast can even be obtained without polariser. In cases (ii) and (iii), the contrast is generated by MCD (Magnetic Circular Dichroism), while MLD (Magnetic Linear Dichroism) is responsible for the contrast in case (v). The domain boundary contrast is due to the magneto-optical gradient effect in metallic samples. A domain boundary contrast can also arise due to interference of phase-shifted magneto-optical amplitudes. An explanation of these contrast phenomena is provided in terms of Maxwell-Fresnel theory.
description: 20 pages, 18 figures. Submitted to Applied Physics Reviews
A feasibility study of intrabuilding wireless communications using low level nominal 60 GHz radiation
Creators: name: Siu, Frederick Wing Cheung
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The RF (radio frequency) aspect of an IWC (indoor wireless communication) system which operates in the 60 GHz range is designed and implemented. The overall system should be capable of providing indoor office communications for a maximum of 200 basic rate ISDN (integrated services digital network) subscribers, and BER (bit error rate) of 10⁻⁶ or less. The system feasibility study is based on the assumptions of using BPSK (binary phase shift keying) modulation, DSCDMA (direct sequence code division multiple access) spread spectrum technique and an EIRP (effective isotropically radiated power) of 100 milliwatt or less. A line of sight scheme is adopted which makes use of a propagation arrangement that confines the radiation to a region of space seldom occupied in the open office environment. The design of an appropriate antenna system which meets such a requirement is presented. Using the specially designed antennas and commercially available millimetric wave components, a one direction basic RF system is implemented. The indoor propagation characteristics and fading statistics of the system are experimentally obtained. It is found that the fading is Rician, with a K ratio (fading signal power/steady signal power) of less than -20.2 dB, and that the RF system can support the type of communication service proposed.
Additional file 1 of Perceived differences on the role of traditional birth attendants in rural Tanzania: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Shimpuku, Yoko
name: Madeni, Frida E.
name: Shimoda, Kana
name: Satoe Miura
name: Mwilike, Beatrice
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview Guide for Skilled Birth Attendants
New version announcement for TaylUR, an arbitrary-order diagonal automatic differentiation package for Fortran 95
Creators: name: von Hippel, Georg M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new version of TaylUR, a Fortran 95 module to automatically compute the numerical values of a complex-valued function's derivatives with respect to several variables up to an arbitrary order in each variable, but excluding mixed derivatives. The new version fixes a potentially serious bug in the code for exponential-related functions that could corrupt the imaginary parts of derivatives, as well as being compatible with a wider range of compilers.
description: 3 pages, uses elsart.cls