cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic relationships within Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878 (Caenogastropoda: Truncatelloidea) indicate two independent dispersal events from different continents to the Balearic Islands
Creators: name: Boulaassafer, Khadija
name: Ghamizi, Mohamed
name: Machordom, Annie
name: Delicado, Diana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Until recently, the evolutionary origin of aquatic organisms in the Balearic archipelago (western Mediterranean) had been scarcely addressed. The freshwater gastropod genus Pseudamnicola Paulucci, 1878 (Hydrobiidae), consisting of ∼60 species in the Mediterranean area, is widely distributed across the major islands of Majorca and Minorca. From phylogenetic datasets of limited geographic coverage, a recent well-supported split has been inferred between the Minorca and Iberian Pseudamnicola species, but the phylogenetic position of the Majorca clade composed of three species remained uncertain. In this study, we extend published sequence data for the COI and 16S rRNA mitochondrial genes and the 28S rRNA nuclear gene in western Mediterranean populations of Pseudamnicola with homologous sequences from individuals of the non-surveyed region of Morocco to assess the origin of the Balearic species from a wider geographic perspective. Our maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses recovered a strongly supported clade comprising the Majorcan species and four phylogenetic lineages in Morocco, two of which are new to science (described here as P. ramosae sp. nov. and P. ouarzazatensis sp. nov.). Dating the nodes using an external molecular clock rate, younger ages were estimated for the Majorcan species (∼1 Mya) than for the Moroccan ones (∼5 Mya), which were still younger than the formation of the Balearic Islands (∼30 Mya). An independent well-supported clade grouped the Minorca and Iberian species diverging at ∼4 Mya. Thus, we found two independent evolutionary origins within the Balearic archipelago likely attributable to long-distance dispersal events from the African and Eurasian continents. http://zoobank.org:pub:24D17C1D-4A42-4722-9867-D8D84465F55A http://zoobank.org:act:85EC4DF1-9BFA-4B28-B3F2-C091212AFCF1 http://zoobank.org:act:C790EAC6-F22B-489A-93EB-CABF9EEAF282
Perturbing Attention Gives You More Bang for the Buck: Subtle Imaging Perturbations That Efficiently Fool Customized Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Xu, Jingyao
name: Lu, Yuetong
name: Li, Yandong
name: Lu, Siyang
name: Wang, Dongdong
name: Wei, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diffusion models (DMs) embark a new era of generative modeling and offer more opportunities for efficient generating high-quality and realistic data samples. However, their widespread use has also brought forth new challenges in model security, which motivates the creation of more effective adversarial attackers on DMs to understand its vulnerability. We propose CAAT, a simple but generic and efficient approach that does not require costly training to effectively fool latent diffusion models (LDMs). The approach is based on the observation that cross-attention layers exhibits higher sensitivity to gradient change, allowing for leveraging subtle perturbations on published images to significantly corrupt the generated images. We show that a subtle perturbation on an image can significantly impact the cross-attention layers, thus changing the mapping between text and image during the fine-tuning of customized diffusion models. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CAAT is compatible with diverse diffusion models and outperforms baseline attack methods in a more effective (more noise) and efficient (twice as fast as Anti-DreamBooth and Mist) manner.
description: Published at CVPR 2024, code:https://github.com/CO2-cityao/CAAT
Photometric Typing Analyses of Three Young Supernovae with the Robotic Palomar 60-Inch Telescope
Creators: name: Rajala, Anne M.
name: Fox, Derek B.
name: Gal-Yam, Avishay
name: Leonard, Douglas C.
name: Soderberg, Alicia M.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
name: Cenko, S. Bradley
name: Moon, Dae-Sik
name: Harrison, Fiona A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present photometric typing analyses of three young supernovae observed with the Robotic 60-inch Telescope at Palomar Observatory (P60). This represents the first time that such photo-typing has been attempted, in a blind fashion, on newly-discovered supernovae. For one of the target supernovae, SN2004cs, our photometry provided the first constraint on the SN type, which we predicted would be type Ia. To the contrary, however, our subsequent Keck spectroscopy shows it to be an unusual type II supernova. For each of the other two supernovae, SN2004dh (type II) and SN2004dk (type Ib), our photo-typing results are consistent with the known type of the event as determined from ground-based spectroscopy; however, the colors of SN2004dk are also consistent with a type Ic or type II classification. We discuss our approach to the challenges of photo-typing - contamination by host galaxy light and the unknown photometric quality of the data - in the case where it is desirable to complete the analysis with just one night of observations. The growing interest in the properties and behavior of very young supernovae, and the increased discovery rate for such events, mean that prompt photo-typing analyses can provide useful input to observational campaigns. Our results demonstrate the value and feasibility of such a project for P60, at the same time illustrating its chief inherent shortcoming: an inability to identify new and unusual events as such without later spectroscopic observations.
description: PASP in press; AASTeX; 13 pages, 4 figures; minor changes as per referee report
Is the Glass Half-empty or Half Full? An Analysis of Agricultural Production Trends in Zambia
Creators: name: Zulu, Ballard
name: Nijhoff, Jan J.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Negassa, Asfaw
name: Zulu, Ballard
name: Nijhoff, Jan J.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Negassa, Asfaw
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: Zambia
subject: agricultural production

description: This policy brief highlights some of the key trends in Zambia agricultural production since the implementation of partial agricultural reform.
Periodically, Quasi-periodically, and Randomly Driven Conformal Field Theories: Part I
Creators: name: Wen, Xueda
name: Fan, Ruihua
name: Vishwanath, Ashvin
name: Gu, Yingfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper and its sequel, we study non-equilibrium dynamics in driven 1+1D conformal field theories (CFTs) with periodic, quasi-periodic, and random driving. We study a soluble family of drives in which the Hamiltonian only involves the energy-momentum density spatially modulated at a single wavelength. The resulting time evolution is then captured by a Möbius coordinate transformation. In this Part I, we establish the general framework and focus on the first two classes. In periodically driven CFTs, we generalize earlier work and study the generic features of entanglement/energy evolution in different phases, i.e. the heating, non-heating phases and the phase transition between them. In quasi-periodically driven CFTs, we mainly focus on the case of driving with a Fibonacci sequence. We find that (i) the non-heating phases form a Cantor set of measure zero; (ii) in the heating phase, the Lyapunov exponents (which characterize the growth rate of the entanglement entropy and energy) exhibit self-similarity, and can be arbitrarily small; (iii) the heating phase exhibits periodicity in the location of spatial structures at the Fibonacci times; (iv) one can find exactly the non-heating fixed point, where the entanglement entropy/energy oscillate at the Fibonacci numbers, but grow logarithmically/polynomially at the non-Fibonacci numbers; (v) for certain choices of driving Hamiltonians, the non-heating phases of the Fibonacci driving CFT can be mapped to the energy spectrum of electrons propagating in a Fibonacci quasi-crystal. In addition, another quasi-periodically driven CFT with an Aubry-André like sequence is also studied. We compare the CFT results to lattice calculations and find remarkable agreement.
description: 82 pages, many figures; reference added
Contact line dynamics of gravity driven spreading of liquids
Creators: name: Mohammad Karim, Alireza
name: Fujii, Keita
name: Kavehpour, H Pirouz
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paper
liquid contact line
hydrodynamics theory
molecular kinetic theory
dynamic contact angle
contact line dynamics

description: Abstract The spreading dynamics of the gravity-driven liquid motion on an inclined solid surface was studied by considering two fundamental physical models: the molecular kinetic theory and the hydrodynamic theory (HDT). The molecular kinetic theory is the most appropriate model to describe the gravity driven spreading mechanism investigated in this study. The gravity driven spreading which is one form of the forced spreading mechanism was compared with the spontaneous spreading for the same liquid/solid system from previous study by Mohammad Karim et al (2016 Langmuir 32 10153). Unlike the gravity driven spreading, the HDT was appropriate model to define the spontaneous spreading. This finding reveals the importance of the mechanism of spreading which are the forced and the spontaneous on the suitability of the physical model such as the molecular kinetic theory and the HDT to describe the spreading dynamics.
First measurement of Gallium Arsenide as a low-temperature calorimeter
Creators: name: Helis, D. L.
name: Melchiorre, A.
name: Puiu, A.
name: Benato, G.
name: Carniti, P.
name: Continenza, A.
name: Di Marco, N.
name: Ferella, A.
name: Ferrari, C.
name: Giannesi, F.
name: Gotti, C.
name: Monticone, E.
name: Pagnanini, L.
name: Pessina, G.
name: Pirro, S.
name: Profeta, G.
name: Rajteri, M.
name: Settembri, P.
name: Shaikina, A.
name: Tresca, C.
name: Trotta, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the first measurement of a Gallium Arsenide crystal working as low-temperature calorimeter for direct Dark Matter (DM) searches within the DAREDEVIL (DARk-mattEr DEVIces for Low energy detection) project. In the quest for direct dark matter detection, innovative approaches to lower the detection thershold and explore the sub-GeV mass DM range, have gained high relevance in the last decade. This study presents the pioneering use of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) as a low-temperature calorimeter for probing the dark matter-electron interaction channel. Our experimental setup features a GaAs crystal at ultralow temperature of 15 mK, coupled with a Neutron Transmutation Doped (NTD) thermal sensor for precise energy estimation. This configuration is the first step towards the detection of single electrons scattered by dark matter particles within the GaAs crystal, to significantly improve the sensitivity to low-mass dark matter candidates.
Cosmological Perturbations During Radion Stabilization
Creators: name: Ashcroft, P. R.
name: van de Bruck, C.
name: Davis, A. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the evolution of cosmological perturbations during radion stabilization, which we assume to happen after a period of inflation in the early universe. Concentrating on the Randall-Sundrum brane world scenario, we find that if matter is present both on the positive and negative tension branes, the coupling of the radion to matter fields could have significant impact on the evolution of the curvature perturbation and on the production of entropy perturbations. We investigate both the case of a long-lived and short-lived radion and outline similarities and differences to the curvaton scenario.
description: 13 pages, 15 figures, Revtex
Reverse link capacity of cellular CDMA systems employing group successive interference cancellation
Creators: name: Silvester, Anna-Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) is a much studied multi-user detection technique capable of increasing reverse link capacity significantly [1, 2, 3, 4]. Current issues blocking industry from adopting multi-user detection include complexity, cost, and detection delay [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11]. In this thesis, we evaluate the benefits of a simplified SIC scheme, called group successive interference cancellation (GSIC), in which users are cancelled in groups rather than individually. Canceling users by group has a number of benefits, including reduced detection delay time, and decreased hardware complexity as compared with practical implementations of SIC [7]. We begin by extending a model of inter-cell interference first developed for SIC and presented in [12, 13, 14, 15]. Using the inter-cell interference factor developed in [12, 13, 14, 15] we derive expressions for the outage probability of GSIC. In order to improve system performance we consider four different diversity cases. These diversity cases include selection macro-diversity (SM), when a user is detected based on 1 copy of its signal received at its assigned base station, and combining macro-diversity (CM), when a user is detected based on 3 copies of its signal received at surrounding base stations. We also consider the case of multi-cell cancellation (MGSIC), when a user's detected signal is regenerated and cancelled not only from its assigned base station, but also from 2 other base stations in its vicinity. The group sizes for which we evaluate outage probability are 1, 10, and 20. Our numerical evaluation of the theoretical expressions indicates that higher values of capacity can be obtained from the SIC-SM, SIC-CM, MSIC-SM, and MSIC-CM techniques than was previously indicated by [12, 13, 14, 15]. Our research has shown that the work in [12, 13, 14, 15] applies a bound on the inter-cell interference factor. Numerical results show significant increases in capacity for CM as compared to SM, and for MGSIC as compared to GSIC. However, simulation results generated in an environment with good but imperfect power control, and with looser restrictions on the power distribution of users indicate that gains for MGSIC are not as significant as indicated by theory. Both simulation and numerical evaluation demonstrate that CM provides a significant capacity increase over SM. Increasing group size reduces the number of users a base station can support on the reverse link; however, these losses may be tolerable considering the reduction in detection delay and hardware complexity that accompany increasing group size. On average, group size can be increased to 10 with a 3.5% loss in capacity, while detection delay and hardware complexity are decreased by a factor of approximately 1/10. Similarly, group size can be increased to 20 with a 7% loss in capacity, for which detection delay and hardware complexity are decreased by a factor of approximately 1/20.
Developments in Fertilizer Marketing in Zambia: Commercial Trading, Government Programs and the Smallholder Farmer
Creators: name: Govereh, Jones
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Nijhoff, Jan J.
name: Shawa, Julius J.
name: Haantuba, Hyde H.
name: Belemu, A.
name: Ngulube, E.
name: Zulu, Ballard
name: Banda, A.K.
name: Govereh, Jones
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Nijhoff, Jan J.
name: Shawa, Julius J.
name: Haantuba, Hyde H.
name: Belemu, A.
name: Ngulube, E.
name: Zulu, Ballard
name: Banda, A.K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Q18

description: This policy synthesis highlights the key findings and conclusions contained in the full report, “Developments in Fertilizer Marketing in Zambia: Commercial Trading, Government Programs and the Smallholder Farmer.” The key objective of this policy synthesis is to summarize the key findings in order to inform policy makers and stakeholders in the agricultural sector in their efforts to improve the performance of the fertilizer marketing system in Zambia.
Search for pair production of boosted Higgs bosons via vector-boson fusion in the $b\bar{b}b\bar{b}$ final state using $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for Higgs boson pair production via vector-boson fusion is performed in the Lorentz-boosted regime, where a Higgs boson candidate is reconstructed as a single large-radius jet, using 140 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Only Higgs boson decays into bottom quark pairs are considered. The search is particularly sensitive to the quartic coupling between two vector bosons and two Higgs bosons relative to its Standard Model prediction, $κ_{2V}$. This study constrains $κ_{2V}$ to $0.55 < κ_{2V} < 1.49$ at 95% confidence level. The value $κ_{2V} = 0$ is excluded with a significance of 3.8 standard deviations with other Higgs boson couplings fixed to their Standard Model values. A search for new heavy spin-0 resonances that would mediate Higgs boson pair production via vector-boson fusion is carried out in the mass range of 1-5 TeV for the first time under several model and decay-width assumptions. No significant deviation from the Standard Model hypothesis is observed and exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are derived.
description: 42 pages in total, author list starting page 25, 8 figures, 1 table, published by Phys. Lett. B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2022-02/
கலித்தொகை காட்டும் முத்தமிழ் வளங்கள்
Creators: name: Kala, Sree
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200315 Indian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200520 Indian Literature

description: முத்தமிழ் வளங்கள் நிறைந்த ஒரு இலக்கியமாக கலித்தொகை விளங்குகின்றது மனிதவாழ்வின் நிலையினை கலித்தொகை காட்சிப்படுத்துகின்றது பண்டைத்தமிழர் வாழ்வில் இசை பெரும்பங்காற்றுகின்றது உரலில் யானைக்கொம்பினால் தினையை இட்டு இடிக்கும் போதுதோழியும் தலைவியும் மாறிமாறி பாடுகின்றனர் அதுவே வள்ளைப்பாட்டு ஆகும் ஏறுதழுவுதலின் வெற்றியை குரவைக்கூத்தாடிக்கொண்டாடுவர் பறைஒலித்து தொடங்குவர்
Quasi-Periodic WaveNet: An Autoregressive Raw Waveform Generative Model with Pitch-dependent Dilated Convolution Neural Network
Creators: name: Wu, Yi-Chiao
name: Hayashi, Tomoki
name: Tobing, Patrick Lumban
name: Kobayashi, Kazuhiro
name: Toda, Tomoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, a pitch-adaptive waveform generative model named Quasi-Periodic WaveNet (QPNet) is proposed to improve the limited pitch controllability of vanilla WaveNet (WN) using pitch-dependent dilated convolution neural networks (PDCNNs). Specifically, as a probabilistic autoregressive generation model with stacked dilated convolution layers, WN achieves high-fidelity audio waveform generation. However, the pure-data-driven nature and the lack of prior knowledge of audio signals degrade the pitch controllability of WN. For instance, it is difficult for WN to precisely generate the periodic components of audio signals when the given auxiliary fundamental frequency ($F_{0}$) features are outside the $F_{0}$ range observed in the training data. To address this problem, QPNet with two novel designs is proposed. First, the PDCNN component is applied to dynamically change the network architecture of WN according to the given auxiliary $F_{0}$ features. Second, a cascaded network structure is utilized to simultaneously model the long- and short-term dependencies of quasi-periodic signals such as speech. The performances of single-tone sinusoid and speech generations are evaluated. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the PDCNNs for unseen auxiliary $F_{0}$ features and the effectiveness of the cascaded structure for speech generation.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 11 tables
Framework and Initial Analyses of Fertilizer Profitability in Maize and Cotton in Zambia
Creators: name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Damaseke, M.
name: Govereh, Jones
name: Simumba, D.
name: Donovan, Cynthia
name: Damaseke, M.
name: Govereh, Jones
name: Simumba, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: Zambia
subject: maize
subject: cotton
subject: fertilizer

description: Inorganic fertilizers will play a role in government programs, but whether or not a single policy is valuable for all farmers depends upon the net gain for the farmers. The research here seeks to demonstrate how to answer the question “Is fertilizer profitable in Zambia for maize and cotton in the smallholder sector?” This study identifies the key components determining profitability and then sets up a framework to evaluate the probability of farmers to obtain profitable results with fertilizer use on maize and cotton. Several cases are selected and the results are evaluated. Private profitability for the farmer at market prices is discussed, leaving social profitability to other researchers. A simple method for farmers and extensionists to use to assess a fertilizer investment is given, to assist in more site specific analysis, given prices and environment.
Oxygen Gas Abundances at 0.4
Creators: name: Maier, C.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Carollo, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report VLT-ISAAC and Keck-NIRSPEC near-infrared spectroscopy for a sample of 30 0.47
description: Proceedings contribution for "The Fabulous Destiny of Galaxies; Bridging Past and Present", Marseille, 2005
Fluctuation of a bilayer composed by amphipathic molecules
Creators: name: Kikuchi, Shunta
name: Watanabe, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the properties of bilayer fluctuations using molecular dynamics. We modeled the amphipathic molecules as a diatomic molecule, constructed a bilayer in the solvent, and observed the Fourier spectrum of its fluctuations. The results showed that $q^4$ behavior was dominant at the high temperature, whereas a crossover from $q^4$ to $q^2$ was observed at the low temperature. This behavior is complementary to the results for monolayer membranes, where $q^2$ behavior was dominant when the interfacial tension was high, whereas a crossover from $q^2$ to $q^4$ was observed when the interfacial tension was lowered~[S. Kikuchi and H. Watanabe, J. Chem. Phys., $\bm{158}$ 12 (2023)]. These results suggest that the restoring force is dominated by elasticity at high temperatures and by interfacial tension at low temperatures. We also observed radial distribution functions to investigate the structure of amphipathic molecules in bilayers. The structure of the amphipathic molecules depends on temperature in the direction horizontal to the interface, while it does not depend on temperature in the direction perpendicular to the interface. This result suggests that bilayers increase fluctuations while maintaining the membrane structure in high temperature.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Exploring the possibility space: taking stock of the diverse capabilities and gaps in integrated assessment models
Creators: name: Keppo, I
name: Butnar, I
name: Bauer, N
name: Caspani, M
name: Edelenbosch, O
name: Emmerling, J
name: Fragkos, P
name: Guivarch, C
name: Harmsen, M
name: Lefèvre, J
name: Le Gallic, T
name: Leimbach, M
name: McDowall, W
name: Mercure, J-F
name: Schaeffer, R
name: Trutnevyte, E
name: Wagner, F
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Topical Review
integrated assessment model
heterogeneity
technology diffusion
energy-economy feedback
finance
policy scenarios
model interpretation

description: Abstract Integrated assessment models (IAMs) have emerged as key tools for building and assessing long term climate mitigation scenarios. Due to their central role in the recent IPCC assessments, and international climate policy analyses more generally, and the high uncertainties related to future projections, IAMs have been critically assessed by scholars from different fields receiving various critiques ranging from adequacy of their methods to how their results are used and communicated. Although IAMs are conceptually diverse and evolved in very different directions, they tend to be criticised under the umbrella of ‘IAMs’. Here we first briefly summarise the IAM landscape and how models differ from each other. We then proceed to discuss six prominent critiques emerging from the recent literature, reflect and respond to them in the light of IAM diversity and ongoing work and suggest ways forward. The six critiques relate to (a) representation of heterogeneous actors in the models, (b) modelling of technology diffusion and dynamics, (c) representation of capital markets, (d) energy-economy feedbacks, (e) policy scenarios, and (f) interpretation and use of model results.
The Role of Mugaiwa in Promoting Household Food Security: Why It Matters Who Gets Access to Government Maize Imports
Creators: name: Mwiinga, Billy
name: Nijhoff, Jan J.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Tembo, Gelson
name: Shaffer, James D.
name: Mwiinga, Billy
name: Nijhoff, Jan J.
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Tembo, Gelson
name: Shaffer, James D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: Zambia
subject: mugaiwa

description: The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of mugaiwa, and the small-scale trading and milling sector that provides it, in ensuring poor consumers’ access to food in the context of this marketing season’s maize deficit. The paper then identifies opportunities for Government and the private sector to increase access to affordable food among consumers.
Rapid assessment checklist for health systems response to Cholera in rural district settings in India
Creators: name: Srinivas, Prashanth
name: K R, Samraksh
name: Hebbar, Pragati
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This checklist tool was prepared in response to a request for a district-level tool that District Health Officers, district administrators and local government officials at district level can use to assess preparedness for responding to an expected/ongoing Cholera epidemic. It is adapted to south Indian rural district settings but can be easily tweaked for other settings. Sources are listed at end of document.
A multiplicative ergodic theorem for von Neumann algebra valued cocycles
Creators: name: Bowen, Lewis
name: Hayes, Ben
name: Yuqing
name: Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The classical Multiplicative Ergodic Theorem (MET) of Oseledets is generalized here to cocycles taking values in a semi-finite von Neumann algebra. This allows for a continuous Lyapunov distribution.
description: This new version contains more examples, an appendix on diffuse von Neumann algebras and a glossary
Relationships among Prices across Alternative Marketing Arrangements for Fed Cattle and Hogs
Creators: name: Lee, Yoonsuk
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
name: Lee, Yoonsuk
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Brorsen, B. Wade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: cattle
subject: cointegration
subject: causality
subject: hogs
subject: Johansen
subject: marketing
subject: prices
subject: Stock-Watson
subject: vector error correction

description: Reduced reliance on cash market prices for fed cattle and hogs raise questions about the role of cash prices in price discovery. We use seven years of weekly data from mandatory price reports to determine whether or not cash market prices are cointegrated with other procurement prices and then test for causality among the price series. Cash prices were cointegrated with all but one procurement price series. Cash market prices Granger cause all other procurement prices. Bidirectional causality was found in some but not all cases. Thus, cash market prices remain of central importance in price discovery for fed cattle and hogs.
Optimization Model of Close Supply Chain of Green Agricultural Products
Creators: name: Wang, Duo-Hong
name: Li, Yu
name: Zhao, Hong-Xia
name: Zhang, Jiang-Quan
name: Wang, Duo-Hong
name: Li, Yu
name: Zhao, Hong-Xia
name: Zhang, Jiang-Quan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Close supply chain
subject: Operation optimization
subject: Green agricultural products
subject: China

description: Close supply chain of green agricultural products is defined, consisting of the supplier, manufacturer, distributor, retailer and consumer (customer). Cost structure of distributor is analyzed, mainly including the order activity-based cost, the inventory cost and the supply transportation cost of agricultural products in upstream and downstream enterprises. Based on this, conceptual model of the close supply chain of green agricultural products is established. According to the idea of dynamic planning, optimization model of close supply chain of green agricultural products at four stages is also set up. In other words, under the constraint condition of supply chain and the uncertainty of sales volume, optimization of the sum of inventory cost, supply transportation cost and order activity-based cost in supply chain at retailer, distributor, manufacturer and suppliers stages is studied, which provides references for the analysis and decision-making of supply chain management.
Construction and Analysis on the Source Model of Competitive Advantage of Ningxia Wolfberry Industrial Cluster
Creators: name: Jing, E.
name: Jing, E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Industrial cluster
subject: Scale economy
subject: Ningxia wolfberry
subject: Competitive advantage
subject: China

description: Related literatures about the source of cluster competitive advantage are reviewed. A total of six sourcing factors of cluster competitive advantages are summarized, which are the external scale economy and scope economy, the regional resources, the government function, the reduction of transaction cost, the effect of learning and innovation, and the coordination mechanism of cluster. Development status of wolfberry industrial cluster in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China is studied by using interview, questionnaire and other forms. Existing problems are put forward, including the relatively small processing and marketing enterprises in general, unclear product positioning of enterprise and poor transformation ability, insufficient brand propaganda and lack of a sound marketing network, single investment and financing channel for small and medium-sized enterprises, and poor planting organization of peasant household. Functions of sourcing factors of competitive advantage in Ningxia wolfberry industrial cluster at the formation and growth stages are analyzed, such as regional resources, government function, and scale and scope economy. Source model of competitive advantage of Ningxia wolfberry industrial cluster is constructed and compared with the evolution model of competitive advantage of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. Result shows that there are significant differences between the two due to their building foundations.
Prediction of Cultivated Land Change Based on Gray Series Forecasting Model: A Case of Puan County, Guizhou Province, China
Creators: name: He, Guangwei
name: Zhou, Dequan
name: He, Guangwei
name: Zhou, Dequan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Gray Series Forecasting Model
subject: Change of cultivated land area
subject: Puan County
subject: China

description: Both climate and cultivated land area of Puan County, Guizhou Province, China are briefly described. The six steps of Gray Series Forecasting Model are introduced, including generation of series, generation of mean value, establishment of GM (1,1) model, reducing reaction, reliability test, and extrapolation forecast. According to the data of cultivated land area in Puan County from the year 1998 to 2007, Gray System Theory is used to establish the Gray Series Forecasting Model of cultivated land area in Puan City. Since it has passed the reliability test, this model has relatively high fitting accuracy and can be used for extrapolation forecast. Based on this Gray Series Forecasting Model, extrapolation forecast of cultivated land change is conducted in Puan County from 2009 to 2012. Result shows that the expected area of cultivated land will be reduced by 1050 hectares in the years 2009-2012, an annual decrease of 270 hectares. Cultivated land area shows a declining trend year by year. Result of the forecasting model is close to actual value with small prediction error. Thus, it can be concluded that the result is basically credible.
Agricultural Productivity, Drought, and Economic Growth in Sahel
Creators: name: Boubacar, Inoussa
name: Boubacar, Inoussa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity
subject: Agriculture
subject: Sahel

description: A standardized precipitation index is used in a regression analysis to quantify the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity in Sahel. I first estimate a Malmquist productivity index and its efficiency and technical change components. I further assess the statistical significance of the indices by estimating some confidence intervals via a bootstrap method. In the second stage of the analysis, I use a Probit model to estimate the extent to which climate variables affect agricultural productivity. It appears that agricultural performance has been disastrous in many Sahelian countries from 1970 to 2000. Using a comparable cross-country measure of drought, I provide evidence that precipitation variability is constraining not only Sahel’s agricultural performance but also its economic growth. War also plays an equally detrimental role as drought in explaining the causes of Sahel’s economic downturn.
The Effects of Drought on Crop Yields and Yield Variability in Sahel
Creators: name: Boubacar, Inoussa
name: Boubacar, Inoussa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: crop yields
subject: drought
subject: stochastic production model
subject: Sahel

description: Drought is widespread in Sahel, and its persistent occurrence has caused substantial damages to the agricultural sector. The severity of drought and the related damages to the agricultural sector are expected to increase due to global warming. In this paper, I examine the economic impacts of drought on Sahel agriculture. The maximum likelihood estimators of the Just-Pope stochastic production function indicate that the direction of the effects of climate variables is similar across crops, but their magnitudes differ. Specifically, drought as measured by a 6-month standardized precipitation index, poor rainfall spread, and degree-days have adverse effects on crop yields. The results are robust to alternative estimation methods.
Harnessing Ultraconfined Graphene Plasmons to Probe the Electrodynamics of Superconductors
Creators: name: Costa, A. T.
name: Gonçalves, P. A. D.
name: Basov, D. N.
name: Koppens, Frank H. L.
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
name: Peres, N. M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the Higgs mode of a superconductor, which is usually challenging to observe by far-field optics, can be made clearly visible using near-field optics by harnessing ultraconfined graphene plasmons. As near-field sources we investigate two examples: graphene plasmons and quantum emitters. In both cases the coupling to the Higgs mode is clearly visible. In the case of the graphene plasmons, the coupling is signaled by a clear anticrossing stemming from the interaction of graphene plasmons with the Higgs mode of the superconductor. In the case of the quantum emitters, the Higgs mode is observable through the Purcell effect. When combining the superconductor, graphene, and the quantum emitters, a number of experimental knobs become available for unveiling and studying the electrodynamics of superconductors.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Critical Access Hospitals and Retail Activity: an Empirical Analysis
Creators: name: Brooks, Lara
name: Whitacre, Brian E.
name: Brooks, Lara
name: Whitacre, Brian E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Critical Access Hospital
subject: retail
subject: economic impact

description: This paper takes an empirical approach to determining the effect that a critical access hospital (CAH) has on local retail activity. Previous research on the relationship between hospitals and economic development has primarily focused on single-case, multiplier oriented analysis. The positive empirical results provide additional evidence on the far-reaching economic development impacts of CAHs. The results also emphasize the importance of continued support for these rural institutions, including federal and state subsidies.
Slowing down of the relaxational dynamics at the ferroelectric phase transition in one-dimensional (TMTTF)2AsF6
Creators: name: Staresinic, D.
name: Biljakovic, K.
name: Lunkenheimer, P.
name: Loidl, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the dielectric response of quasi one-dimensional (TMTTF)2AsF6 in a wide temperature and frequency range. We provide a thorough characterization of the relaxational dynamics observed close to the ferroelectric-like transition at Tc = 100 K. Our measurements, extending up to 100 MHz, reveal a continuous slowing down of the mean relaxation time when approaching Tc from high as well as from low temperatures. The simultaneous critical rise of dielectric constant and relaxation time point to an explanation of the transition in terms of a classic ferroelectric scenario.
description: PDF created from MSWord, 5 pages, 4 figures in color
SklCoin: Toward a Scalable Proof-of-Stake and Collective Signature Based Consensus Protocol for Strong Consistency in Blockchain
Creators: name: Jaroucheh, Zakwan
name: Ghaleb, Baraq
name: Buchanan, William J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The proof-of-work consensus protocol suffers from two main limitations: waste of energy and offering only probabilistic guarantees about the status of the blockchain. This paper introduces SklCoin, a new Byzantine consensus protocol and its corresponding software architecture. This protocol leverages two ideas: 1) the proof-of-stake concept to dynamically form stake proportionate consensus groups that represent block miners (stakeholders), and 2) scalable collective signing to efficiently commit transactions irreversibly. SklCoin has immediate finality characteristic where all miners instantly agree on the validity of blocks. In addition, SklCoin supports high transaction rate because of its fast miner election mechanism
Conduction anisotropy and Hall effect in the organic conductor (TMTTF)2AsF6: evidence for Luttinger liquid and charge ordering
Creators: name: Korin-Hamzic, Bojana
name: Tafra, Emil
name: Basletic, Mario
name: Hamzic, Amir
name: Dressel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the high-temperature (70 K < T < 300 K) resistivity anisotropy and Hall effect measurements of the quasi-one-dimensional (1D) organic conductor (TMTTF)2AsF6. The temperature variations of the resistivity are pronouncedly different for the three different directions, with metallic-like at high temperatures for the a-axis only. Above 220 K the Hall coefficient R_H is constant, positive and strongly enhanced over the expected value; and the corresponding carrier concentration is almost 100 times lower than calculated for one hole/unit cell. Our results give evidence for the existence of a high-temperature regime above 200 K where the 1D Luttinger liquid features appear in the transport properties. Our measurements also give strong evidence of charge ordering in (TMTTF)2AsF6. At the charge-ordering transition T_{CO} \approx 100 K, R_H(T) abruptly changes its behavior, switches sign and rapidly increases with further temperature decrease.
description: RevTeX4, 8 pages, 6 figures
Differentiating Full-Spectrum Hemp Extracts from CBD Isolates: Implications for Policy, Safety and Science
Creators: name: Marinotti, Osvaldo
name: Sarill, Miles
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The passage of the 2018 United States Agriculture Improvement Act removed industrial hemp, defined as Cannabis sativa L. containing less than 0.3% THC content by dry weight, from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act and made it an agricultural commodity. Following these changes, the popularity of hemp-derived cannabidiol (CBD) dietary supplements by consumers has greatly exceeded the scientific understanding of purported benefits, safety and composition of these botanical extracts. Further complicating CBD hemp supplement regulation, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers CBD to be an approved drug (Epidiolex) in the treatment of severe epilepsy disorders, Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. At the same time, hemp-derived CBD supplements can contain a complex phytochemical matrix from the hemp plant, distinguishing the composition of these products from isolated CBD preparations. This work aims to provide clarity on differentiating botanical full-spectrum hemp extracts containing CBD from isolates, from a phytochemical, toxicological and regulatory perspective.
Exciton-exciton interaction in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers and van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Erkensten, Daniel
name: Brem, Samuel
name: Malic, Ermin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to a strong Coulomb interaction, excitons dominate the excitation kinetics in 2D materials. While Coulomb-scattering between electrons has been well studied, the interaction of excitons is more challenging and remains to be explored. As neutral composite bosons consisting of electrons and holes, excitons show a non-trivial scattering dynamics. Here, we study on microscopic footing exciton-exciton interaction in transition-metal dichalcogenides and related van der Waals heterostructures. We demonstrate that the crucial criterion for efficient scattering is a large electron/hole mass asymmetry giving rise to internal charge inhomogeneities of excitons and emphasizing their cobosonic substructure. Furthermore, both exchange and direct exciton-exciton interactions are boosted by enhanced exciton Bohr radii. We also predict an unexpected temperature dependence that is usually associated to phonon-driven scattering and we reveal an orders of magnitude stronger interaction of interlayer excitons due to their permanent dipole moment. The developed approach can be generalized to arbitrary material systems and will help to study strongly correlated exciton systems, such as moire super lattices.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
A Guaranteed Discovery at Future Muon Colliders
Creators: name: Capdevilla, Rodolfo
name: Curtin, David
name: Kahn, Yonatan
name: Krnjaic, Gordan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The longstanding muon g-2 anomaly may indicate the existence of new particles that couple to muons, which could either be light (< GeV) and weakly coupled, or heavy (>> 100 GeV) with large couplings. If light new states are responsible, upcoming intensity frontier experiments will discover further evidence of new physics. However, if heavy particles are responsible, many candidates are beyond the reach of existing colliders. We show that, if the g-2 anomaly is confirmed and no explanation is found at low-energy experiments, a high-energy muon collider program is guaranteed to make fundamental discoveries about our universe. New physics scenarios that account for the anomaly can be classified as either "Singlet" or "Electroweak" (EW) models, involving only EW singlets or new EW-charged states respectively. We argue that a TeV-scale future muon collider will discover all possible singlet model solutions to the anomaly. If this does not yield a discovery, the next step would be a O(10 TeV) muon collider. Such a machine would either discover new particles associated with high-scale EW model solutions to the anomaly, or empirically prove that nature is fine-tuned, both of which would have profound consequences for fundamental physics.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. Minor correction to plot fig. 2, no significant change in results or conclusions