cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shifts on trees versus classical shifts in chain recurrence
Creators: name: López-Martínez, Antoni
name: Papathanasiou, Dimitris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B37, 37B65, 37B20

description: We construct continuous (and even invertible) linear operators acting on Banach (even Hilbert) spaces whose restrictions to their respective closed linear subspaces of chain recurrent vectors are not chain recurrent operators. This construction completely solves in the negative a problem posed by Nilson C. Bernardes Jr. and Alfred Peris on chain recurrence in Linear Dynamics. In particular: we show that the non-invertible case can be directly solved via relatively simple weighted backward shifts acting on certain unrooted directed trees; then we modify the non-invertible counterexample to address the invertible case, but falling outside the class of weighted shift operators; and we finally show that this behaviour cannot be achieved via classical (unilateral neither bilateral) weighted backward sifts (acting on $\mathbb{N}$ and $\mathbb{Z}$ respectively) by noticing that a classical shift is a chain recurrent operator whenever it admits a non-zero chain recurrent vector.
description: 20 pages
Supercooled Liquid Dynamics Studied via Shear-Mechanical Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Maggi, Claudio
name: Jakobsen, Bo
name: Christensen, Tage
name: Olsen, N. B.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report dynamical shear-modulus measurements for five glass-forming liquids (pentaphenyl trimethyl trisiloxane, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, 1,2-propanediol, and m-touluidine). The shear-mechanical spectra are obtained by the piezoelectric shear-modulus gauge (PSG) method. This technique allows one to measure the shear modulus ($10^{5} -10^{10}$ Pa) of the liquid within a frequency range from 1 mHz to 10 kHz. We analyze the frequency-dependent response functions to investigate whether time-temperature superposition (TTS) is obeyed. We also study the shear-modulus loss-peak position and its high-frequency part. It has been suggested that when TTS applies, the high-frequency side of the imaginary part of the dielectric response decreases like a power law of the frequency with an exponent -1/2. This conjecture is analyzed on the basis of the shear mechanical data. We find that TTS is obeyed for pentaphenyl trimethyl trisiloxane and in 1,2-propanediol while in the remaining liquids evidence of a mechanical $β$ process is found. Although the the high-frequency power law behavior $ω^{-α}$ of the shear-loss may approach a limiting value of $α=0.5$ when lowering the temperature, we find that the exponent lies systematically above this value (around 0.4). For the two liquids without beta relaxation (pentaphenyl trimethyl trisiloxane and 1,2-propanediol) we also test the shoving model prediction, according to which the the relaxation-time activation energy is proportional to the instantaneous shear modulus. We find that the data are well described by this model.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Exploring quantum criticality in a 4D quantum disordered system
Creators: name: Madani, Farid
name: Denis, Maxime
name: Szriftgiser, Pascal
name: Garreau, Jean Claude
name: Rançon, Adam
name: Chicireanu, Radu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase transitions are prevalent throughout physics, spanning thermal phenomena like water boiling to magnetic transitions in solids. They encompass cosmological phase transitions in the early universe and the transition into a quark-gluon plasma in high-energy collisions. Quantum phase transitions, particularly intriguing, occur at temperatures near absolute zero and are driven by quantum fluctuations rather than thermal ones. The strength of the fluctuations is very sensitive to the dimensionality of the physical systems, which determines the existence and nature of phase transitions. Low-dimensional systems often exhibit suppression of phase transitions, while high-dimensional systems tend to exhibit mean-field-like behavior. The localization-delocalization Anderson transition stands out among quantum phase transitions, as it is thought to retain its non-mean-field character across all dimensions. This work marks the first observation and characterization of the Anderson transition in four dimensions using ultracold atoms as a quantum simulator with synthetic dimensions. We characterize the universal dynamics in the vicinity of the phase transition. We measure the critical exponents describing the scale-invariant properties of the critical dynamics, which are shown to obey Wegner's scaling law. Our work is the first experimental demonstration that the Anderson transition is not mean-field in dimension four.
description: 10 pages; 5 figures
Food patterns, shopping habits and food beliefs of Indian families on selected isolated and non-isolated reserves in British Columbia
Creators: name: Stepien, Yolanda Z
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Recent reports indicate that the nutritional status of native Indians is poorer than that of the general population. The culture of native Canadians is currently in a state of transition, with many factors affecting traditional life patterns, producing rapid changes in lifestyles. The present study was undertaken in order to gain fuller understanding of those problems related to food intake and the influence of social and cultural factors. By use of a 24-hour recall, the nutrient content of diets of 144 individuals living at three reserves adjacent to urban centres was compared with diets of 105 individuals at four relatively isolated Indian reserves. Interviews were conducted with 92 women from the seven reserves and information regarding food beliefs, shopping habits, meal planning, food practices, as well as selected socio-economic and family variables, was collected. In addition, data on food prices and foods available in local stores was gathered. Analysis of nutrient intake data showed that low intakes were frequent for calories, calcium, iron and vitamin C. Low caloric intakes were observed for adolescents and most adults, regardless of reserve location. Calcium intakes were lowest on isolated reserves, while iron status was poorest in non-isolated communities. Vitamin C intakes on isolated reserves were considerably lower than on non-isolated reserves. Rank correlation coefficients using Kendall's tau beta demonstrated that several independent variables were related to the dependent variable, food practices of the female household head. These included the location of the reserve, education of respondents, the women's attitudes toward nutrition, household size, and the level reached on the household facilities scale. The most significant factor related to food consumption was isolation (p<.001), with diets in urban areas being more adequate than those in rural areas. Overall food selection was poorest in isolated reserves, notably Babine and Fort Ware. The items most often in short supply were dairy products, fresh meats and fresh fruits and vegetables. Food costs were also highest in the most isolated reserves. It was concluded that food practices of native Indians are poorer at isolated reserves than at those adjacent to urban centres. Indications are that this is a consequence of the interaction of a number of factors: high food prices, poor selection, unemployment, inadequate housing and household facilities, depleting natural food resources, a lack of food/nutrition information, as well as a lack of involvement in health-related programmes.
Smoking Guns for On-Shell New Physics at the LHC
Creators: name: Arnesen, Christian
name: Rothstein, Ira Z.
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using Tevatron bounds we derive upper limits on the LHC Higgs production rate under the assumption that no beyond the Standard Model (BSM) particles are being produced near their mass shell. A violation of these limits would constitute a smoking gun for light BSM particles. Furthermore, we demonstrate how R_T, the ratio of the partially integrated Higgs transverse momentum distribution to the inclusive rate, can also be used as a probe of light BSM particles. This ratio is insensitive to heavy virtual effects and can be well-approximated by its SM value, i.e. it is model independent. The perturbative expansion for R_T has reduced renormalization scale dependence, at the order of 5% at next-to-leading order in QCD, due to a cancellation of Wilson coefficients. A deviation from the SM value implies that light BSM particles are being produced near their mass shell. We discuss a possible loophole to this conclusion, namely the existence of a non-perturbative, CP violating sector that couples to the Higgs. We use a toy model with colored scalars to demonstrate how the model independent prediction for R_T is approached as the mass of the scalar becomes large.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Probing the atmosphere of WASP-69 b with low- and high-resolution transmission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Khalafinejad, S.
name: Molaverdikhani, K.
name: Blecic, J.
name: Mallonn, M.
name: Nortmann, L.
name: Caballero, J. A.
name: Rahmati, H.
name: Kaminski, A.
name: Sadegi, S.
name: Nagel, E.
name: Carone, L.
name: Amado, P. J.
name: Azzaro, M.
name: Bauer, F. F.
name: Casasayas-Barris, N.
name: Czesla, S.
name: von Essen, C.
name: Fossati, L.
name: Güdel, M.
name: Henning, Th.
name: López-Puertas, M.
name: Lendl, M.
name: Lüftinger, T.
name: Montes, D.
name: Oshagh, M.
name: Pallé, E.
name: Quirrenbach, A.
name: Reffert, S.
name: Reiners, A.
name: Ribas, I.
name: Stock, S.
name: Yan, F.
name: Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
name: Zechmeister, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consideration of both low- and high-resolution transmission spectroscopy is key for obtaining a comprehensive picture of exoplanet atmospheres. In studies of transmission spectra, the continuum information is well established with low-resolution spectra, while the shapes of individual lines are best constrained with high-resolution observations. In this work, we aim to merge high- with low-resolution transmission spectroscopy. We present the analysis of three primary transits of WASP-69b in the VIS channel of the CARMENES instrument and perform a combined low- and high-resolution analysis using additional data from HARPS-N, OSIRIS/GTC, and WFC3/HST already available in the literature. During the first CARMENES observing night, we detected the planet Na D$_{2}$ and D$_{1}$ lines at $\sim 7σ$ and $\sim 3σ$ significance levels, respectively. We measured a D$_{2}$/D$_{1}$ intensity ratio of 2.5$\pm$0.7, which is in agreement with previous HARPS-N observations. Our modelling of WFC3 and OSIRIS data suggests strong Rayleigh scattering, solar to super-solar water abundance, and a highly muted Na feature in the atmosphere of this planet, in agreement with previous investigations of this target. We use the continuum information retrieved from the low-resolution spectroscopy as a prior to break the degeneracy between the Na abundance, reference pressure, and thermosphere temperature for the high-resolution spectroscopic analysis. We fit the Na D$_{1}$ and D$_{2}$ lines individually and find that the posterior distributions of the model parameters agree with each other within 1$σ$. Our results suggest that local thermodynamic equilibrium processes can explain the observed D$_{2}$/D$_{1}$ ratio because the presence of haze opacity mutes the absorption features.
description: 20 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Biased Estimator Channels for Classical Shadows
Creators: name: Cai, Zhenyu
name: Chapman, Adrian
name: Jnane, Hamza
name: Koczor, Bálint
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extracting classical information from quantum systems is of fundamental importance, and classical shadows allow us to extract a large amount of information using relatively few measurements. Conventional shadow estimators are unbiased and thus approach the true mean in the infinite-sample limit. In this work, we consider a biased scheme, intentionally introducing a bias by rescaling the conventional classical shadows estimators can reduce the error in the finite-sample regime. The approach is straightforward to implement and requires no quantum resources. We analytically prove average case as well as worst- and best-case scenarios, and rigorously prove that it is, in principle, always worth biasing the estimators. We illustrate our approach in a quantum simulation task of a $12$-qubit spin-ring problem and demonstrate how estimating expected values of non-local perturbations can be significantly more efficient using our biased scheme.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
The correlation of the departments of the hospital
Creators: name: Bridgeman, Dorothy
Publisher: name: University of Oregon
Year: 1932
Subjects: Hospitals
Hospital Units

description: Today the hospital has a fourfold work. Although all of the work surrounds the first ideal, care of the patient, the hospital may also be considered a school as within its walls doctors, in­terns, nurses, medical students, laboratory technicians, and others are being taught their part in helping the patient. This paper provides an overview of various departments within the hospital.
Control by quantum dynamics on graphs
Creators: name: Godsil, Chris
name: Severini, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We address the study of controllability of a closed quantum system whose dynamical Lie algebra is generated by adjacency matrices of graphs. We characterize a large family of graphs that renders a system controllable. The key property is a novel graph-theoretic feature consisting of a particularly disordered cycle structure. Disregarding efficiency of control functions, but choosing subfamilies of sparse graphs, the results translate into continuous-time quantum walks for universal computation.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Josephson and persistent currents in a quantum ring between topological superconductors
Creators: name: Medina, F. G.
name: Ramos-Andrade, J. P.
name: Rosales, L.
name: Orellana, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the spectra in an Aharonov-Bohm quantum-ring interferometer forming a Josephson junction between two topological superconductors (TSC) nanowires. The TSCs host Majorana bound states at their edges, and both the magnetic flux and the superconducting phase difference between the TSCs are used as control parameters. We use a tight-binding approach to model the quantum ring coupled to both TSCs, described by the Kitaev effective Hamiltonian. We solve the problem by means of exact numerical diagonalization of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian and obtain the spectra for two sizes of the quantum ring as a function of the magnetic flux and the phase difference between the TSCs. Depending on the size of the quantum ring and the coupling, the spectra display several patterns. Those are denoted as line, point and undulated nodes, together with flat bands, which are topologically protected. The first three patterns can be possibly detected by means of persistent and Josephson currents. Hence, our results could be useful to understand the spectra and their relation with the behavior of the current signals.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
4-D Epanechnikov Mixture Regression in Light Field Image Compression
Creators: name: Liu, Boning
name: Zhao, Yan
name: Jiang, Xiaomeng
name: Wang, Shigang
name: Wei, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: With the emergence of light field imaging in recent years, the compression of its elementary image array (EIA) has become a significant problem. Our coding framework includes modeling and reconstruction. For the modeling, the covariance-matrix form of the 4-D Epanechnikov kernel (4-D EK) and its correlated statistics were deduced to obtain the 4-D Epanechnikov mixture models (4-D EMMs). A 4-D Epanechnikov mixture regression (4-D EMR) was proposed based on this 4-D EK, and a 4-D adaptive model selection (4-D AMLS) algorithm was designed to realize the optimal modeling for a pseudo video sequence (PVS) of the extracted key-EIA. A linear function based reconstruction (LFBR) was proposed based on the correlation between adjacent elementary images (EIs). The decoded images realized a clear outline reconstruction and superior coding efficiency compared to high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) and JPEG 2000 below approximately 0.05 bpp. This work realized an unprecedented theoretical application by (1) proposing the 4-D Epanechnikov kernel theory, (2) exploiting the 4-D Epanechnikov mixture regression and its application in the modeling of the pseudo video sequence of light field images, (3) using 4-D adaptive model selection for the optimal number of models, and (4) employing a linear function-based reconstruction according to the content similarity.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology ( Early Access )
Evolution of switchbacks in the inner Heliosphere
Creators: name: Tenerani, Anna
name: Sioulas, Nikos
name: Matteini, Lorenzo
name: Panasenco, Olga
name: Shi, Chen
name: Velli, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze magnetic field data from the first six encounters of PSP, three Helios fast streams and two Ulysses south polar passes covering heliocentric distances $0.1\lesssim R\lesssim 3$ au. We use this data set to statistically determine the evolution of switchbacks of different periods and amplitudes with distance from the Sun. We compare the radial evolution of magnetic field variances with that of the mean square amplitudes of switchbacks, and quantify the radial evolution of the cumulative counts of switchbacks per km. We find that the amplitudes of switchbacks decrease faster than the overall turbulent fluctuations, in a way consistent with the radial decrease of the mean magnetic field. This could be the result of a saturation of amplitudes and may be a signature of decay processes of large amplitude Alfvénic fluctuations in the solar wind. We find that the evolution of switchback occurrence in the solar wind is scale-dependent: the fraction of longer duration switchbacks increases with radial distance whereas it decreases for shorter switchbacks. This implies that switchback dynamics is a complex process involving both decay and in-situ generation in the inner heliosphere. We confirm that switchbacks can be generated by the expansion although other type of switchbacks generated closer to the sun cannot be ruled out.
description: Accepted for publication on ApJL
Galaxies in a simulated $Λ$CDM Universe I: cold mode and hot cores
Creators: name: Kereš, Dušan
name: Katz, Neal
name: Fardal, Mark
name: Dave, Romeel
name: Weinberg, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation of galaxies in a (50 Mpc/h)^3 cosmological simulation (2x288^3 particles), evolved using the entropy conserving SPH code Gadget-2. Most of the baryonic mass in galaxies of all masses is originally acquired through filamentary "cold mode" accretion of gas that was never shock heated to its halo virial temperature, confirming the key feature of our earlier results obtained with a different SPH code (Keres et al. 2005). Atmospheres of hot, virialized gas develop in halos above ~2.5e11 Msun, a transition mass that is nearly constant from z=3 to z=0. Cold accretion persists in halos above the transition mass, especially at z>=2. It dominates the growth of galaxies in low mass halos at all times, and it is the main driver of the cosmic star formation history. Satellite galaxies have accretion rates similar to central galaxies of the same baryonic mass at high redshifts, but they have less accretion than comparable central galaxies at low redshift. Relative to our earlier results, the Gadget-2 simulations predict much lower rates of "hot mode" accretion from the virialized gas component of massive halos. At z<=1, typical hot accretion rates in halos above 5e12 Msun are below 1 Msun/yr, even though our simulation does not include AGN heating or other forms of "preventive" feedback. The inner density profiles of hot gas in these halos are shallow, with long associated cooling times. The cooling recipes typically used in semi-analytic models can overestimate the accretion rates in these halos by orders of magnitude, so such models may overemphasize the role of preventive feedback in producing observed galaxy masses and colors. A fraction of the massive halos develop cuspy profiles and significant cooling rates between z=1 and z=0, a redshift trend similar to the observed trend in the frequency of cooling flow clusters.
description: MNRAS in press, 24 pages, 11 figures. Minor changes and updated references. A copy with high resolution figures (Highly Recommended) can be found at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~dkeres/coldmode/ms_keres_rv1.ps.gz
Logistic Multidimensional Data Analysis for Ordinal Response Variables using a Cumulative Link function
Creators: name: de Rooij, Mark
name: Breemer, Ligaya
name: Woestenburg, Dion
name: Busing, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a multidimensional data analysis framework for the analysis of ordinal response variables. Underlying the ordinal variables, we assume a continuous latent variable, leading to cumulative logit models. The framework includes unsupervised methods, when no predictor variables are available, and supervised methods, when predictor variables are available. We distinguish between dominance variables and proximity variables, where dominance variables are analyzed using inner product models, whereas the proximity variables are analyzed using distance models. An expectation-majorization-minimization algorithm is derived for estimation of the parameters of the models. We illustrate our methodology with three empirical data sets highlighting the advantages of the proposed framework. A simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the algorithm.
description: 56 pages, 10 figures
Dissipation-relaxation dynamics of a spin-1/2 particle with a Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling in an ohmic heat bath
Creators: name: Hata, Tomohiro
name: Nakano, Eiji
name: Iida, Kei
name: Tajima, Hiroyuki
name: Takahashi, Junichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-orbit coupling (SOC), which is inherent to a Dirac particle that moves under the influence of electromagnetic fields, manifests itself in a variety of physical systems including non-relativistic ones. For instance, it plays an essential role in spintronics developed in the past few decades, particularly by controlling spin current generation and relaxation. In the present work, by using an extended Caldeira-Leggett model, we elucidate how the interplay between spin relaxation and momentum dissipation of an open system of a single spin-$1/2$ particle with a Rashba type SOC is induced by the interactions with a spinless, three-dimensional environment. Staring from the path integral formulation for the reduced density matrix of the system, we have derived a set of coupled nonlinear equations that consists of a quasi-classical Langevin equation for the momentum with a frictional term and a spin precession equation. The spin precesses around the effective magnetic field generated by both the SOC and the frictional term. It is found from analytical and numerical solutions to these equations that a spin torque effect included in the effective magnetic field causes a spin relaxation and that the spin and momentum orientations after a long time evolution are largely controlled by the Rashba coupling strength. Such a spin relaxation mechanism is qualitatively different from, e.g., the one encountered in semiconductors where essentially no momentum dissipation occurs due to the Pauli blocking.
description: 14page, 10figures
Additional file 1 of Therapeutic efficacy of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells in Crohn’s colon fibrosis is improved by IFN-γ and kynurenic acid priming through indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 signaling
Creators: name: Ye, Yixin
name: Zhang, Xiaomei
name: Su, Dongsheng
name: Ren, Yushuang
name: Cheng, Fuyi
name: Yao, Yunqi
name: Shi, Gang
name: Ji, Yanhong
name: Chen, Shuang
name: Shi, Pengyi
name: Dai, Lei
name: Su, Xiaolan
name: Deng, Hongxin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file1 :
Pointed Hopf Algebras with classical Weyl Groups
Creators: name: Zhang, Shouchuan
name: Zhang, Yao-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30, 16G10

description: We prove that Nichols algebras of irreducible Yetter-Drinfeld modules over classical Weyl groups $A \rtimes \mathbb S_n$ supported by $\mathbb S_n$ are infinite dimensional, except in three cases. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for Nichols algebras of Yetter-Drinfeld modules over classical Weyl groups $A \rtimes \mathbb S_n$ supported by $A$ to be finite dimensional.
description: Combined with arXiv:0902.4748 plus substantial changes. To appear International Journal of Mathematics
Supplementary material to World Mycotoxin Journal: Maize meal (posho) served at selected boarding schools in western Uganda is highly contaminated with aflatoxins
Creators: name: Oyesigye, E.
name: Nkurunungi, J.B.
name: Mlahagwa, W.
name: Raymond, A.
name: Mahuku, G.
name: Medina, A.
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 300605
subject: Food safety, traceability, certification and authenticity
classificationCode: 321005
subject: Public health nutrition
classificationCode: 321002
subject: Food properties (incl. characteristics and health benefits)

description: The study aimed to evaluate food handling practices and assess the maize-bean supply chain in selected boarding schools of western Uganda. Additionally, it sought to determine the extent of aflatoxin exposure in the maize-bean meal consumed by students within the age range of 5 to 24. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two districts of Bushenyi and Sheema to gather 95 samples (31 beans, 32 maize flour, and 32 cooked maize flour-posho). In addition, 262 individual interviews were conducted. The findings revealed that only 9.38% of the schools store food as per World Health Organisation standards. The majority of schools (57.9%) purchase maize flour and beans from any stockist with no contractual obligations (random supplier), and all the 32 schools base on visual parameters, especially white colour, and smell to rule out aflatoxin contamination. Maize flour stored on the ground registered significantly (P=0.0018) higher levels (54.3±10.1 µg/kg) of total aflatoxins than that stored on a raised platform (14.7±2.6 µg/kg). Likewise, the supplier significantly influenced total aflatoxins levels (P=0.0064), with higher levels (44.6±8.0 µg/kg) detected in maize flour supplied by a random supplier than a pre-qualified one (14.7±2.6 µg/kg). Given the low levels (1.3 to 2.8 µg/kg), which are far less than the maximum tolerated limit (MTL) of 10 µg/kg, aflatoxins do not pose a significant problem in beans. Aflatoxins exposure in younger children (5-12 years) was higher (61.5 ng/kg bw/day) than in older ones (13-24 years; 41.5 ng/kg bw/day). Similarly, the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma was greater in younger children (1.84 cases per 100,000 people) compared to older ones (1.24 cases per 100,000 people). The findings underscore an urgent need to formulate guidelines for procurement, storage, and food handling in schools, alongside intensifying inspection programmes for food handling. Additionally, there is need to expand the research scope by incorporating a greater number of schools from varied geographical areas within Uganda, while rigorously monitoring the entirety of the food supply chain.
Transfer Learning from an Artificial Radiograph-landmark Dataset for Registration of the Anatomic Skull Model to Dual Fluoroscopic X-ray Images
Creators: name: Zhou, Chaochao
name: Cha, Thomas
name: Peng, Yun
name: Li, Guoan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Registration of 3D anatomic structures to their 2D dual fluoroscopic X-ray images is a widely used motion tracking technique. However, deep learning implementation is often impeded by a paucity of medical images and ground truths. In this study, we proposed a transfer learning strategy for 3D-to-2D registration using deep neural networks trained from an artificial dataset. Digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) and radiographic skull landmarks were automatically created from craniocervical CT data of a female subject. They were used to train a residual network (ResNet) for landmark detection and a cycle generative adversarial network (GAN) to eliminate the style difference between DRRs and actual X-rays. Landmarks on the X-rays experiencing GAN style translation were detected by the ResNet, and were used in triangulation optimization for 3D-to-2D registration of the skull in actual dual-fluoroscope images (with a non-orthogonal setup, point X-ray sources, image distortions, and partially captured skull regions). The registration accuracy was evaluated in multiple scenarios of craniocervical motions. In walking, learning-based registration for the skull had angular/position errors of 3.9 +- 2.1 deg / 4.6 +- 2.2 mm. However, the accuracy was lower during functional neck activity, due to overly small skull regions imaged on the dual fluoroscopic images at end-range positions. The methodology to strategically augment artificial training data can tackle the complicated skull registration scenario, and has potentials to extend to widespread registration scenarios.
Additional file 1 of Quantitative proteomics identified circulating biomarkers in lung adenocarcinoma diagnosis
Creators: name: Chen, Hongyu
name: Lai, Xiaoqin
name: Zhu, Yihan
name: Huang, Hong
name: Zeng, Lingyan
name: Zhang, Li
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Differentially expressed proteins identified in plasma samples.
Current and future roles of artificial intelligence in retinopathy of prematurity
Creators: name: Jafarizadeh, Ali
name: Maleki, Shadi Farabi
name: Pouya, Parnia
name: Sobhi, Navid
name: Abdollahi, Mirsaeed
name: Pedrammehr, Siamak
name: Lim, Chee Peng
name: Asadi, Houshyar
name: Alizadehsani, Roohallah
name: Tan, Ru-San
name: Islam, Sheikh Mohammad Shariful
name: Acharya, U. Rajendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.3.2; J.3.3

description: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a severe condition affecting premature infants, leading to abnormal retinal blood vessel growth, retinal detachment, and potential blindness. While semi-automated systems have been used in the past to diagnose ROP-related plus disease by quantifying retinal vessel features, traditional machine learning (ML) models face challenges like accuracy and overfitting. Recent advancements in deep learning (DL), especially convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have significantly improved ROP detection and classification. The i-ROP deep learning (i-ROP-DL) system also shows promise in detecting plus disease, offering reliable ROP diagnosis potential. This research comprehensively examines the contemporary progress and challenges associated with using retinal imaging and artificial intelligence (AI) to detect ROP, offering valuable insights that can guide further investigation in this domain. Based on 89 original studies in this field (out of 1487 studies that were comprehensively reviewed), we concluded that traditional methods for ROP diagnosis suffer from subjectivity and manual analysis, leading to inconsistent clinical decisions. AI holds great promise for improving ROP management. This review explores AI's potential in ROP detection, classification, diagnosis, and prognosis.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, 235 references, 1 supplementary table
Black hole mass measurements using ionized gas discs: systematic dust effects
Creators: name: Baes, Maarten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using detailed Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations in realistic models for galactic nuclei, we investigate the influence of interstellar dust in ionized gas discs on the rotation curves and the resulting black hole mass measurements. We find that absorption and scattering by interstellar dust leaves the shape of the rotation curves basically unaltered, but slightly decreases the central slope of the rotation curves. As a result, the "observed" black hole masses are systematically underestimated by some 10 to 20% for realistic optical depths. We therefore argue that the systematic effect of dust attenuation should be taken into account when estimating SMBH masses using ionized gas kinematics.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in "Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe", AIP Conference Proceedings
Twisted differential String and Fivebrane structures
Creators: name: Sati, Hisham
name: Schreiber, Urs
name: Stasheff, Jim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the background effective field theory of heterotic string theory, the Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism plays a key role. Here we reinterpret it and its magnetic dual version in terms of differential twisted String- and differential twisted Fivebrane-structures that generalize the notion of Spin-structures and Spin-lifting gerbes and their differential refinement to smooth Spin-connections. We show that all these structures can be encoded in terms of nonabelian cohomology, twisted nonabelian cohomology, and differential twisted nonabelian cohomology, extending the differential generalized abelian cohomology as developed by Hopkins and Singer and shown by Freed to formalize the global description of anomaly cancellation problems in higher gauge theories arising in string theory. We demonstrate that the Green-Schwarz mechanism for the H_3-field, as well as its magnetic dual version for the H_7-field define cocycles in differential twisted nonabelian cohomology that may be called, respectively, differential twisted Spin(n)-, String(n)- and Fivebrane(n)-structures on target space, where the twist in each case is provided by the obstruction to lifting the classifying map of the gauge bundle through a higher connected cover of U(n) or O(n). We show that the twisted Bianchi identities in string theory can be captured by the (nonabelian) L-infinity-algebra valued differential form data provided by the differential refinements of these twisted cocycles.
description: 39 pages, major improvements, material added, other removed to be discussed more completely elsewhere; to appear in CMP
Effects of Strong Correlations and Disorder in d-Wave Superconductors
Creators: name: Rigol, Marcos
name: Shastry, B. Sriram
name: Haas, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use exact diagonalization techniques to study the interplay between strong correlations, superconductivity, and disorder in a model system. We study an extension of the t-J model by adding an infinite-range d-wave superconductivity inducing term and disorder. Our work shows that in the clean case the magnitude of the order parameter is surprisingly small for low-hole filling, thus implying that mean-field theories might be least accurate in that important regime. We demonstrate that substantial disorder is required to destroy a d-wave superconducting state for low-hole doping. We provide the first bias free numerical results for the local density of states of a strongly correlated d-wave superconducting model, relevant for STM measurements at various fillings and disorders.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, as published
Housing for disabled people : the essential factors of domestic spatial organization
Creators: name: Iwata, Naoyuki
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In order to establish the essential criteria of domestic spatial organization for disabled people, this study examined the result of a survey of disabled people in Vancouver. It focussed on two major points: (i) the mobility of disabled people in the home and (ii) the type of household with disabled members. The mobility of disabled people in the home was classified into six levels: those who (1) can walk; (2) can walk but with limited capability, (3) can walk with mechanical aids (canes, crutches, walkers, etc.), (4) are mobile with wheelchair, (5) are mobile with a wheelchair but relatively dependent, and (6) are immobile. The necessary domestic spatial arrangements for each Mobility Level were established by examining the capability of the disabled people at that level in fundamental daily activities such as walking, transferring to and from a bed, eliminating, bathing, and going out of the home. In order to establish the basic types of household with disabled members, six standard household types were considered: husband-and-wife family, one-parent family, complex family, individual, and group. The classification into basic types of household with disabled members was established by indicating the position of disabled members in each standard type of household. The essential domestic spatial factors for each type of household with disabled members were established by focussing-; on who is in charge of or who is partially in charge of the fundamental responsibilities of daily life such as earning a living, housekeeping, and providing personal care and assistance for disabled members. Ultimately, both the Levels of Mobility and the composition of households with disabled members, taken together, were used to establish the essential factors of domestic spatial organization. These factors should prove very useful in future research to locate, describe, and ultimately eliminate architectural barriers in the use of dwellings by disabled people.
Linear maps on k^I, and homomorphic images of infinite direct product algebras
Creators: name: Bergman, George M.
name: Nahlus, Nazih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A04, 17A01, 17B05 (Primary) 03C20, 03E55, 08B25, 17B20, 17B30 (Secondary)

description: Let k be an infinite field, I an infinite set, V a k-vector-space, and g:k^I\to V a k-linear map. It is shown that if dim_k(V) is not too large (under various hypotheses on card(k) and card(I), if it is finite, respectively countable, respectively < card(k)), then ker(g) must contain elements (u_i)_{i\in I} with all but finitely many components u_i nonzero. These results are used to prove that any homomorphism from a direct product \prod_I A_i of not-necessarily-associative algebras A_i onto an algebra B, where dim_k(B) is not too large (in the same senses) must factor through the projection of \prod_I A_i onto the product of finitely many of the A_i, modulo a map into the subalgebra \{b\in B | bB=Bb=\{0\}\}\subseteq B. Detailed consequences are noted in the case where the A_i are Lie algebras.
description: 14 pages. Lemma 6 has been strengthened, with resulting strengthening of other results. Some typos etc. have been corrected
Two-wind interactions in binaries with two orbiting giant stars
Creators: name: Castellanos-Ramírez, A.
name: Rodríguez-González, A.
name: Meliani, Z.
name: Rivera-Ortiz, P. R.
name: Raga, A. C.
name: Cantó, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some red giant envelopes present spiral structures (seen either in dust scattered stellar continuum or in molecular line emission), the most striking example probably being AFGL 3068. This object has been modeled (both analytically and numerically) in terms of a wind ejected from a star in orbit around a binary companion. We revisit both analytical models and 3D simulations of a wind from an orbiting red giant star, and extend the numerical simulations to the case of a binary with two red giants with strong winds. We find that most two-wind models on the orbital plane show a "double spiral" structure close to the binary source, and that these two arms merge into a single spiral structure at larger distances. However, for the case of a binary with two identical winds the two spiral arms are still present at large distances from the binary source. We also find that for models of two (not identical) dynamically important winds, a region close to the orbital plane has material from both winds. Also, an approximately conical region centered on the orbital axis is filled exclusively by the wind with larger momentum rate. These two structures lead to morphologies reminiscent of the so-called "hour glass" planetary nebulae. Finally, we find that increasing wind velocity disparities lead to the formation of clumpy structures along the spiral amrs. Observations of "clumpy spirals" are therefore likely to indicate the presence of two strong winds from the stars in the central binary system.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Isoparametric and Dupin Hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Cecil, Thomas E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A hypersurface $M^{n-1}$ in a real space-form ${\bf R}^n$, $S^n$ or $H^n$ is isoparametric if it has constant principal curvatures. For ${\bf R}^n$ and $H^n$, the classification of isoparametric hypersurfaces is complete and relatively simple, but as Elie Cartan showed in a series of four papers in 1938-1940, the subject is much deeper and more complex for hypersurfaces in the sphere $S^n$. A hypersurface $M^{n-1}$ in a real space-form is proper Dupin if the number $g$ of distinct principal curvatures is constant on $M^{n-1}$, and each principal curvature function is constant along each leaf of its corresponding principal foliation. This is an important generalization of the isoparametric property that has its roots in nineteenth century differential geometry and has been studied effectively in the context of Lie sphere geometry. This paper is a survey of the known results in these fields with emphasis on results that have been obtained in more recent years and discussion of important open problems in the field.
description: This is a contribution to the Special Issue "Elie Cartan and Differential Geometry", published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA
Nonlinear optics driven magnetism reorientation in semiconductors
Creators: name: Xue, Qianqian
name: Sun, Yan
name: Zhou, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on nonlinear optics, we develop a band theory to elucidate how light could manipulate magnetization, which is rooted by the quantum geometric structure and topological nature of electronic wavefunctions. Their existence are determined by the light polarization and specific material symmetry, based on the magnetic group theory. In general, both circularly and linearly polarized light could exert an effective magnetic field and torque effect, to reorient the magnetization. They are contributed by spin and orbital angular momenta simultaneously. Aided by group theory and first-principles calculations, we illustrate this theory using a showcase example of monolayer NiCl2, showing that light irradiation effectively generates an out-of-plane effective magnetic torque, which lifts its in-plane easy magnetization. According to magnetic dynamic simulations, the in-plane magnetization could be switched to the out-of-plane direction in a few nanoseconds under a modest light intensity, demonstrating its ultrafast nature desirable for quantum manipulation.
description: 6 figures
Correlations among the properties of galaxies found in a blind HI survey, which also have SDSS optical data
Creators: name: Garcia-Appadoo, Diego A.
name: West, Andrew A.
name: Dalcanton, Julianne J.
name: Cortese, Luca
name: Disney, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used the Parkes Multibeam system and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) to assemble a sample of 195 galaxies selected originally from their HI signature to avoid biases against unevolved or low surface brightness objects. For each source 9 intrinsic properties are measured homogeneously, as well as inclination and an optical spectrum. The sample, which should be almost entirely free of either misidentification or confusion, includes a wide diversity of galaxies ranging from inchoate, low surface brightness dwarfs to giant spirals. Despite this diversity there are 5 clear correlations among their properties. They include a common dynamical mass-to-light ratio within their optical radii, a correlation between surface-brightness and Luminosity and a common HI surface-density. Such correlation should provide strong constrains on models of galaxy formation and evolution.
description: 17 pages, 22 figures, submitted to MNRAS