cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Defining and identifying Sleeping Beauties in science
Creators: name: Ke, Qing
name: Ferrara, Emilio
name: Radicchi, Filippo
name: Flammini, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A Sleeping Beauty (SB) in science refers to a paper whose importance is not recognized for several years after publication. Its citation history exhibits a long hibernation period followed by a sudden spike of popularity. Previous studies suggest a relative scarcity of SBs. The reliability of this conclusion is, however, heavily dependent on identification methods based on arbitrary threshold parameters for sleeping time and number of citations, applied to small or monodisciplinary bibliographic datasets. Here we present a systematic, large-scale, and multidisciplinary analysis of the SB phenomenon in science. We introduce a parameter-free measure that quantifies the extent to which a specific paper can be considered an SB. We apply our method to 22 million scientific papers published in all disciplines of natural and social sciences over a time span longer than a century. Our results reveal that the SB phenomenon is not exceptional. There is a continuous spectrum of delayed recognition where both the hibernation period and the awakening intensity are taken into account. Although many cases of SBs can be identified by looking at monodisciplinary bibliographic data, the SB phenomenon becomes much more apparent with the analysis of multidisciplinary datasets, where we can observe many examples of papers achieving delayed yet exceptional importance in disciplines different from those where they were originally published. Our analysis emphasizes a complex feature of citation dynamics that so far has received little attention, and also provides empirical evidence against the use of short-term citation metrics in the quantification of scientific impact.
description: 40 pages, Supporting Information included, top examples listed at http://qke.github.io/projects/beauty/beauty.html
Cellular and biochemical response of the human lung after intrapulmonary instillation of ferric oxide particles
Creators: name: Ghio, A.J.
name: Kim, C.S.
name: Bennett, W.D.
name: Lay, J.C.
name: Devlin, R.B.
name: Costa, D.L.
name: Koren, H.S.
name: Bromberg, P.A.
Publisher: name: American Lung Association
Year: 1999

description: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to sample lung cells and biochemical components in the lung air spaces at various times from 1 to 91 d after intrapulmonary instillation of 2.6 μm-diameter iron oxide particles in human subjects. The instillation of particles induced transient acute inflammation during the first day post instillation (PI), characterized by increased numbers of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages as well as increased amounts of protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and interleukin-8 in BAL fluids. This response was subclinical and was resolved within 4 d PI. A similar dose-dependent response was seen in rats 1 d after intratracheal instillation of the same particles. The particles contained small amounts of soluble iron (240 ng/mg) and possessed the capacity to catalyze oxidant generation in vitro. Our findings indicate that the acute inflammation after particle exposure may, at least partially, be the result of oxidant generation catalyzed by the presence of residual amounts of ferric ion, ferric hydroxides, or oxyhydroxides associated with the particles. These findings may have relevance to the acute health effects associated with increased levels of ambient particulate air pollutants.
Retention and intracellular distribution of instilled iron oxide particles in human alveolar macrophages
Creators: name: Kim, C.S.
name: Bromberg, P.A.
name: Lay, J.C.
name: Devlin, R.B.
name: Bennett, W.D.
Publisher: name: American Lung Association
Year: 1998

description: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was used to sample retention of particles within the alveolar macrophage (AM) compartment at various times from 1 to 91 d following intrapulmonary instillation of 2.6-μm-diameter iron oxide (Fe2O3) particles in human subjects. Particles were cleared from the lavagable AM compartment in a biphasic pattern, with a rapid-phase clearance half-time of 0.5 d and long-term clearance half-time of 110 d, comparable to retention kinetics determined by more traditional methods. The intracellular distribution of particles within lavaged AMs was similar in bronchial and alveolar BAL fractions. AMs with high intracellular particle burdens disappeared from the lavagable phagocytic AM population disproportionately more rapidly (shorter clearance half-time) than did AMs with lower particle burdens, consistent with the occurrence of a particle redistribution phenomenon as previously described in similar studies in rats. The rates of AM disappearance from the various particle burden categories was generally slightly slower in bronchial fractions than in alveolar fractions. The instillation of particles induced a transient acute inflammatory response at 24 h postinstillation (PI), characterized by increased numbers of neutrophils and alveolar macrophages in BAL fluids. This response was subclinical and was resolved within 4 d PI.
Mott Quantum Critical Points at finite doping
Creators: name: Chatzieleftheriou, Maria
name: Kowalski, Alexander
name: Berović, Maja
name: Amaricci, Adriano
name: Capone, Massimo
name: De Leo, Lorenzo
name: Sangiovanni, Giorgio
name: Medici, Luca de'
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly correlated materials often undergo a Mott metal-insulator transition, which is tipically first-order, as a function of control parameters like pressure. Upon doping, rich phase diagrams with competing instabilities are found. Yet, the conceptual link between the interaction-driven Mott transition and the finite-doping behavior lacks a clear connection with the theory of critical phenomena. In a prototypical case of a first-order Mott transition the surface associated with the equation of state for the homogeneous system is "folded" so that in a range of parameters stable metallic and insulating phases exist and are connected by an unstable metallic branch. Here we show that tuning the chemical potential the zero-temperature equation of state gradually unfolds. Under general conditions, we find that the Mott transition evolves into a first-order transition between two metals, associated to a phase separation region ending in a quantum critical point (QCP) at finite doping. This scenario is here demonstrated solving a simple multi-orbital Hubbard model relevant for the Iron-based superconductors, but its origin - the splitting of the atomic ground state multiplet by a small energy scale, here Hund's coupling - is much more general. A strong analogy with cuprate superconductors is traced.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, supplementary information
The accretion histories of brightest cluster galaxies from their stellar population gradients
Creators: name: Oliva-Altamirano, Paola
name: Brough, Sarah
name: Jimmy
name: Tran, Kim-Vy
name: Couch, Warrick J.
name: McDermid, Richard M.
name: Lidman, Chris
name: von der Linden, Anja
name: Sharp, Rob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the spatially-resolved stellar populations of 9 local ($z<0.1$) Brightest Cluster Galaxies (BCGs) observed with VIMOS in IFU mode. Our sample is composed of 7 slow-rotating and 2 fast-rotating BCGs. We do not find a connection between stellar kinematics and stellar populations in this small sample. The BCGs have shallow metallicity gradients (median $Δ$[Fe/H] $= -0.11\pm0.1$), high central metallicities (median $[$Fe/H]$_{[α/Fe]=0} = 0.13\pm0.07$), and a wide range of central ages (from 5 to 15 Gyr). We propose that the reason for this is diverse evolutionary paths in BCGs. 67 per cent of the sample (6/9) show $\sim 7$ Gyr old central ages, which reflects an active accretion history, and 33 per cent of the sample (3/9) have central ages older than 11 Gyr, which suggest no star formation since $z=2$. The BCGs show similar central stellar populations and stellar population gradients to early-type galaxies of similar mass (M$_{dyn}> 10^{11.3}$M$_{\odot}$) from the ATLAS$^{3D}$ survey (median [Z/H] $= 0.04\pm0.07$, $Δ$[Z/H] $= -0.19\pm0.1$). However, massive early-type galaxies from ATLAS$^{3D}$ have consistently old ages (median Age $=12.0\pm3.8$Gyr). We also analyse the close massive companion galaxies of two of the BCGs. These galaxies have similar stellar populations to their respective BCGs.
description: Accepted for publication, MNRAS, March 3, 2015
Obesity-Driven Deficiencies of Specialized Pro-resolving Mediators May Drive Adverse Outcomes During SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Creators: name: Shaikh, S.R.
name: Oestreich, K.J.
name: Beck, M.
name: Gowdy, K.M.
name: Pal, A.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2020

description: furthermore, SPMs display anti-viral activity in the context of influenza infection without being immunosuppressive. We cover evidence from rodent and human studies to show that obesity, and its co-morbidities, induce a signature of SPM deficiency across immunometabolic tissues. We further discuss how the effects of obesity upon SARS-CoV-2 infection are likely exacerbated with environmental exposures that promote chronic pulmonary inflammation and augment SPM deficits. Finally, we highlight potential approaches to overcome the loss of SPMs using dietary and pharmacological interventions. Collectively, this mini-review underscores the need for mechanistic studies on how SPM deficiencies driven by obesity and environmental exposures may exacerbate the response to SARS-CoV-2.
description: Obesity is a major independent risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality upon infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which is responsible for the current coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19). Therefore, there is a critical need to identify underlying metabolic factors associated with obesity that could be contributing toward increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 in this vulnerable population. Here, we focus on the critical role of potent endogenous lipid metabolites known as specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that are synthesized from polyunsaturated fatty acids. SPMs are generated during the transition of inflammation to resolution and have a vital role in directing damaged tissues to homeostasis
Obesity Expands a Distinct Population of T Cells in Adipose Tissue and Increases Vulnerability to Infection
Creators: name: Misumi, I.
name: Beck, M.A.
name: Whitmire, J.K.
name: Uchimura, T.
name: Magnuson, T.
name: Starmer, J.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2019

description: Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality after viral infections. Using a mouse model of obesity, Misumi et al. identify a distinct population of memory T cells in white adipose tissue and a memory cell-dependent pathogenic response to infection that leads to acute fat necrosis, pancreatitis, and lethality. © 2019 The AuthorsObesity in humans is associated with poorer health outcomes after infections compared with non-obese individuals. Here, we examined the effects of white adipose tissue and obesity on T cell responses to viral infection in mice. We show that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) grows to high titer in adipose tissue. Virus-specific T cells enter the adipose tissue to resolve infection but then remain as a memory population distinct from memory T cells in lymphoid tissues. Memory T cells in adipose tissue are abundant in lean mice, and diet-induced obesity further increases memory T cell number in adipose tissue and spleen. Upon re-challenge infection, memory T cells rapidly cause severe pathogenesis, leading to increases in lipase levels, calcification of adipose tissue, pancreatitis, and reduced survival in obese mice but not lean mice. Thus, obesity leads to a unique form of viral pathogenesis involving memory T cell-dependent adipocyte destruction and damage to other tissues.
On a phase field model for RNA-Protein dynamics
Creators: name: Grasselli, Maurizio
name: Scarpa, Luca
name: Signori, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35D30, 35K35, 35K86, 35Q92, 92C17, 92C50

description: A phase field model which describes the formation of protein-RNA complexes subject to phase segregation is analyzed. A single protein, two RNA species, and two complexes are considered. Protein and RNA species are governed by coupled reaction-diffusion equations which also depend on the two complexes. The latter ones are driven by two Cahn-Hilliard equations with Flory-Huggins potential and reaction terms depending on the solution variables. The resulting nonlinear coupled system is equipped with no-flux boundary conditions and suitable initial conditions. The former ones entail some mass conservation constraints which are also due to the nature of the reaction terms. The existence of global weak solutions in a bounded (two- or) three-dimensional domain is established. In dimension two, some weighted-in-time regularity properties are shown. In particular, the complexes instantaneously get uniformly separated from the pure phases. Taking advantage of this result, a unique continuation property is proven. Among the many technical difficulties, the most significant one arises from the fact that the two complexes are initially nonexistent, so their initial conditions are zero i.e., they start from a pure phase. Thus we must solve, in particular, a system of two coupled Cahn-Hilliard equations with singular potential and nonlinear sources without the usual assumption on the initial datum, i.e., the initial phase cannot be pure. This novelty requires a new approach to estimate the chemical potential in a suitable $L^p(L^2)$-space with $p\in(1,2)$. This technique can be extended to other models like, for instance, the well-known Cahn-Hilliard-Oono equation.
description: 56 pages
Obesity-induced changes in T-cell metabolism are associated with impaired memory T-cell response to influenza and are not reversed with weight loss
Creators: name: Rebeles, J.
name: MacIver, N.J.
name: Nichols, A.G.
name: Beck, M.A.
name: Danzaki, K.
name: Green, W.D.
name: Alwarawrah, Y.
name: Eisner, W.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: Background: Obesity is an independent risk factor for increased influenza mortality and is associated with impaired memory T-cell response, resulting in increased risk of infection. In this study, we investigated if weight loss would restore memory T-cell response to influenza. Methods: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either low-fat or high-fat diet to induce obesity. Once obesity was established, all mice received primary infection with influenza X-31. Following a recovery period, we switched half of the obese group to a low-fat diet to induce weight loss. Fifteen weeks after diet switch, all mice were given a secondary infection with influenza PR8, and memory T-cell function and T-cell metabolism were measured. Results: Following secondary influenza infection, memory T-cell subsets in the lungs of obese mice were decreased compared to lean mice. At the same time, T cells from obese mice were found to have altered cellular metabolism, largely characterized by an increase in oxygen consumption. Neither impaired memory T-cell response nor altered T-cell metabolism was reversed with weight loss. Conclusion: Obesity-associated changes in T-cell metabolism are associated with impaired T-cell response to influenza, and are not reversed with weight loss.
A BIOMETRICAL STUDY OF NATURAL SELECTION IN CARDIUM EDULE
Creators: name: JAYAKAR, S.D.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1962

description: The number of ridges on the shell of Cardium edule has a modal value of 26 and a coefficient of variation of about 5%. Two populations differred significantly in their mean number. No evidence was found for centripetal selection, but some for selection in favour of high ridge number.
An accurate method of modeling cluster scaling relations in modified gravity
Creators: name: He, Jian-hua
name: Li, Baojiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new method to model cluster scaling relations in modified gravity. Using a suite of non-radiative hydrodynamical simulations, we show that the scaling relations of cumulative gas quantities, such as the Sunyaev Zel'dovich effect (Compton-y parameter) and the x-ray Compton-Y parameter, can be accurately predicted using the known results in the $Λ$CDM model with a precision of $\sim3\%$. This method provides a reliable way to analyze the gas physics in modified gravity using the less-demanding and much more efficient pure cold dark matter simulations. Our results therefore have important theoretical and practical implications in constraining gravity using cluster surveys.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, revised version, accepted for publication in PRD
(408) Alexander Blair
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Myeloid SLC2a1-deficient murine model revealed macrophage activation and metabolic phenotype are fueled by GLUT1
Creators: name: Locasale, J.W.
name: Puchowicz, M.A.
name: Liu, J.
name: Cozzo, A.J.
name: Galanko, J.A.
name: Milner, J.J.
name: Makowski, L.
name: Beck, M.A.
name: Lee, D.P.
name: Bennett, B.J.
name: Zhao, L.
name: Dale Abel, E.
name: Pingili, A.K.
name: Freemerman, A.J.
name: Rathmell, J.C.
name: Lim, M.F.
name: Bezavada, L.
name: Bear, J.E.
name: Fuller, A.M.
name: Smallwood, H.S.
name: Teng, B.
name: Johnson, A.R.
name: Rotty, J.D.
Publisher: name: American Association of Immunologists
Year: 2019

description: Macrophages (MFs) are heterogeneous and metabolically flexible, with metabolism strongly affecting immune activation. A classic response to proinflammatory activation is increased flux through glycolysis with a downregulation of oxidative metabolism, whereas alternative activation is primarily oxidative, which begs the question of whether targeting glucose metabolism is a viable approach to control MF activation. We created a murine model of myeloid-specific glucose transporter GLUT1 (Slc2a1) deletion. Bone marrow-derived MFs (BMDM) from Slc2a1 M -/ - mice failed to uptake glucose and demonstrated reduced glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway activity. Activated BMDMs displayed elevated metabolism of oleate and glutamine, yet maximal respiratory capacity was blunted in MF lacking GLUT1, demonstrating an incomplete metabolic reprogramming. Slc2a1 M -/ - BMDMs displayed a mixed inflammatory phenotype with reductions of the classically activated pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, yet less oxidative stress. Slc2a1 M -/ - BMDMs had reduced proinflammatory metabolites, whereas metabolites indicative of alternative activation-such as ornithine and polyamines-were greatly elevated in the absence of GLUT1. Adipose tissue MFs of lean Slc2a1 M -/ - mice had increased alternative M2-like activation marker mannose receptor CD206, yet lack of GLUT1 was not a critical mediator in the development of obesity-associated metabolic dysregulation. However, Ldlr-/ - mice lacking myeloid GLUT1 developed unstable atherosclerotic lesions. Defective phagocytic capacity in Slc2a1 M -/ - BMDMs may have contributed to unstable atheroma formation. Together, our findings suggest that although lack of GLUT1 blunted glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, MF were metabolically flexible enough that inflammatory cytokine release was not dramatically regulated, yet phagocytic defects hindered MF function in chronic diseases.
Mechanisms bywhich dietary fatty acids regulate mitochondrial structure-function in health and disease
Creators: name: Sullivan, E.M.
name: Beck, M.A.
name: Brown, D.A.
name: Green, W.D.
name: Shaikh, S.R.
name: Pennington, E.R.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2018

description: Mitochondria are the energy-producing organelles within a cell. Furthermore, mitochondria have a role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and proper calcium concentrations, building critical components of hormones and other signaling molecules, and controlling apoptosis. Structurally, mitochondria are unique because they have 2 membranes that allow for compartmentalization. The composition and molecular organization of thesemembranes are crucial to the maintenance and function of mitochondria. In this review, we first present a general overview of mitochondrial membrane biochemistry and biophysics followed by the role of different dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in modulatingmitochondrial membrane structure-function.We focus extensively on long-chain n-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids and their underlyingmechanisms of action. Finally,we discuss implications of understanding molecular mechanisms by which dietary n-3 fatty acids targetmitochondrial structure-function in metabolic diseases such as obesity, cardiac-ischemia reperfusion injury, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and select cancers.
Obesity impairs the adaptive immune response to influenza virus
Creators: name: Green, W.D.
name: Beck, M.A.
Publisher: name: American Thoracic Society
Year: 2017

description: Influenza, a highly contagious respiratory tract infection, affects millions of adults and children each year. Several high-risk populations include children, the elderly, the immunocompromised, and recently the obese. Given the dramatic rise in obesity over the past few decades, this increased risk for influenza infection poses a serious public health threat because nearly 500 million adults and children worldwide are classified as obese. Obesity impairs the immune response to influenza and influenza vaccination through alterations of the cellular immune system. Compared with vaccinated healthyweight adults, vaccinated obese adults have twice the risk of influenza or influenza-like illness despite equal serological response to vaccination. This challenges the current standard of protection for influenza and suggests that further vaccination methods or therapeutics are required to combat this virulent respiratory virus.
GPU-Initiated On-Demand High-Throughput Storage Access in the BaM System Architecture
Creators: name: Qureshi, Zaid
name: Mailthody, Vikram Sharma
name: Gelado, Isaac
name: Min, Seung Won
name: Masood, Amna
name: Park, Jeongmin
name: Xiong, Jinjun
name: Newburn, CJ
name: Vainbrand, Dmitri
name: Chung, I-Hsin
name: Garland, Michael
name: Dally, William
name: Hwu, Wen-mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have traditionally relied on the host CPU to initiate access to the data storage. This approach is well-suited for GPU applications with known data access patterns that enable partitioning of their dataset to be processed in a pipelined fashion in the GPU. However, emerging applications such as graph and data analytics, recommender systems, or graph neural networks, require fine-grained, data-dependent access to storage. CPU initiation of storage access is unsuitable for these applications due to high CPU-GPU synchronization overheads, I/O traffic amplification, and long CPU processing latencies. GPU-initiated storage removes these overheads from the storage control path and, thus, can potentially support these applications at much higher speed. However, there is a lack of systems architecture and software stack that enable efficient GPU-initiated storage access. This work presents a novel system architecture, BaM, that fills this gap. BaM features a fine-grained software cache to coalesce data storage requests while minimizing I/O traffic amplification. This software cache communicates with the storage system via high-throughput queues that enable the massive number of concurrent threads in modern GPUs to make I/O requests at a high rate to fully utilize the storage devices and the system interconnect. Experimental results show that BaM delivers 1.0x and 1.49x end-to-end speed up for BFS and CC graph analytics benchmarks while reducing hardware costs by up to 21.7x over accessing the graph data from the host memory. Furthermore, BaM speeds up data-analytics workloads by 5.3x over CPU-initiated storage access on the same hardware.
description: This is an extension to the published conference paper at ASPLOS'23: https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/3575693.3575748
Testing different formulations of leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Tinti, Leonardo
name: Ryblewski, Radoslaw
name: Florkowski, Wojciech
name: Strickland, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently obtained set of the equations for leading-order (3+1)D anisotropic hydrodynamics is tested against exact solutions of the Boltzmann equation with the collisional kernel treated in the relaxation time approximation. In order to perform the detailed comparisons, the new anisotropic hydrodynamics equations are reduced to the boost-invariant and transversally homogeneous case. The agreement with the exact solutions found using the new anisotropic hydrodynamics equations is similar to that found using previous, less general, formulations of anisotropic hydrodynamics. In addition, we find that, when compared to a state-of-the-art second-order viscous hydrodynamics framework, leading-order anisotropic hydrodynamics better reproduces the exact solution for the pressure anisotropy and gives comparable results for the bulk pressure evolution. Finally, we compare the transport coefficients obtained using linearized anisotropic hydrodynamics with results obtained using second-order viscous hydrodynamics.
Obesity altered T cell metabolism and the response to infection
Creators: name: Green, W.D.
name: Beck, M.A.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2017

description: An epidemic of obesity over the past three decades increases the risk of chronic and infectious diseases for adults and children alike. Within the past few years, obesity has been shown to impair the adaptive immune response to infection through alterations in T cell functioning. Growing evidence suggests that perturbations in T cell metabolism drives this stunted immune response, stemming from nutrient, hormone and adipokine dysregulation in the obese. In this review, recent findings in the fields of obesity and T cell mediated immunity demonstrate a unique relationship between altered mechanisms of T cell metabolic homeostasis and plasticity of adaptive immune responses in the obese setting.
Master equation approach to transient quantum transport incorporating with initial correlations
Creators: name: Yang, Pei-Yun
name: Lin, Chuan-Yu
name: Zhang, Wei-Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the exact transient quantum transport of non-interacting nanostructures is investigated in the presence of initial system-lead correlations and initial lead-lead correlations for a device system coupled to general electronic leads. The exact master equation incorporating with initial correlations is derived through the extended quantum Langevin equation. The effects of the initial correlations are manifested through the time-dependent fluctuations contained explicitly in the exact master equation. The transient transport current incorporating with initial correlations is obtained from the exact master equation. The resulting transient transport current can be expressed in terms of the single-particle propagating and correlation Green functions of the device system. We show that the initial correlations can affect quantum transport not only in the transient regime, but also in the steady-state limit when system-lead couplings are strong enough so that electron localized bound states occur in the device system.
description: 13pages, 4figures
OBSERVATIONS SUR LE PEUPLEMENT EPIPHYTE DES LAMES DE LAMINARIA SACCHARINA (LINNÉ) LAMOUROUX, EN BAIE DE MORLAIX (FINISTÈRE)
Creators: name: L'HARDY, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1962

description: The living species on Laminaria saccharina (L.) Lamour., includes 17 seaweeds and 121 animals, but only about 10 of then are to be found steady and in large enough quantities: Himanthalia elongata, Obelia geniculata, Kirchenpaueria pianata,Spirorbis (Dexiospira)pagnestecheri, the Laminarían type of Spirorbis (Laeospira), Palina pellucida, Callopora lineata, Scrupocellaria reptans, Hippothoa hyalina and Microporella ciliata. We must consider separately the always epiphytic (Spirorbis) and the seasonal epiphytic forms, some happening in autumn arid winter (Himanthaliaelongata and Patinapellucida), others in summer
(Bryozoa and Ascidians). We must notice that this population is made of none characteristic species. In Morlay Bay, this epiphytic population shows three facies, very likely
determined by hydrodynamic factors :
1 in exposed or fairly exposed shore, a Spirorbis facies, marked by a great amount of the Laminarían type of Spirorbis (Laeospira) ;
2 in sheltered shore, a Bryozoa facies rich in Cheilostomata, more specially Scrupocellaria reptans;
3 in very exposed shore, a poorer facies, because of a decreasing quality and quantity of population.
The Laminarían epiphytic population issued from the deep littoral and tidal zones does not show any fauna! difference, but it is more abundant in Laminaria zone that in higher areas (Himanthalia and Fucus zones). The distribution of epiphytic forms on blades shows that they usually set on the joungest parts, near the stipe in the case of Spirorbis and Hippothoa, higher for the others species; the same populations are not to be found on middle, intermediate and marginal portions of blades; moreover differences to be observed between the populations of both sides of blades.
PillarGrid: Deep Learning-based Cooperative Perception for 3D Object Detection from Onboard-Roadside LiDAR
Creators: name: Bai, Zhengwei
name: Wu, Guoyuan
name: Barth, Matthew J.
name: Liu, Yongkang
name: Sisbot, Emrah Akin
name: Oguchi, Kentaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 3D object detection plays a fundamental role in enabling autonomous driving, which is regarded as the significant key to unlocking the bottleneck of contemporary transportation systems from the perspectives of safety, mobility, and sustainability. Most of the state-of-the-art (SOTA) object detection methods from point clouds are developed based on a single onboard LiDAR, whose performance will be inevitably limited by the range and occlusion, especially in dense traffic scenarios. In this paper, we propose \textit{PillarGrid}, a novel cooperative perception method fusing information from multiple 3D LiDARs (both on-board and roadside), to enhance the situation awareness for connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). PillarGrid consists of four main phases: 1) cooperative preprocessing of point clouds, 2) pillar-wise voxelization and feature extraction, 3) grid-wise deep fusion of features from multiple sensors, and 4) convolutional neural network (CNN)-based augmented 3D object detection. A novel cooperative perception platform is developed for model training and testing. Extensive experimentation shows that PillarGrid outperforms the SOTA single-LiDAR-based 3D object detection methods with respect to both accuracy and range by a large margin.
description: Submitted to The 25th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (IEEE ITSC 2022)
(405) Robert Blair
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
B cell activity is impaired in human and mouse obesity and is responsive to an essential fatty acid upon murine influenza infection
Creators: name: Neufer, P.D.
name: Gowdy, K.
name: Teague, H.L.
name: Reisdorph, N.
name: Guesdon, W.
name: Milner, J.J.
name: Bridges, L.C.
name: Shaikh, S.R.
name: Sullivan, E.M.
name: Reese, L.R.
name: Schultz-Cherry, S.
name: Armstrong, M.
name: Kosaraju, R.
name: Karlsson, E.A.
name: Crouch, M.J.
name: Beck, M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Immunologists
Year: 2017

description: Obesity is associated with increased risk for infections and poor responses to vaccinations, which may be due to compromised B cell function. However, there is limited information about the influence of obesity on B cell function and underlying factors that modulate B cell responses. Therefore, we studied B cell cytokine secretion and/or Ab production across obesity models. In obese humans, B cell IL-6 secretion was lowered and IgM levels were elevated upon ex vivo anti-BCR/TLR9 stimulation. In murine obesity induced by a high fat diet, ex vivo IgM and IgG were elevated with unstimulated B cells. Furthermore, the high fat diet lowered bone marrow B cell frequency accompanied by diminished transcripts of early lymphoid commitment markers. Murine B cell responses were subsequently investigated upon influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34 infection using a Western diet model in the absence or presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). DHA, an essential fatty acid with immunomodulatory properties, was tested because its plasma levels are lowered in obesity. Relative to controls, mice consuming theWestern diet had diminished Ab titers whereas theWestern diet plus DHA improved titers. Mechanistically, DHA did not directly target B cells to elevate Ab levels. Instead, DHA increased the concentration of the downstream specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) 14-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and protectin DX. All three SPMs were found to be effective in elevating murine Ab levels upon influenza infection. Collectively, the results demonstrate that B cell responses are impaired across human and mouse obesity models and show that essential fatty acid status is a factor influencing humoral immunity, potentially through an SPM-mediated mechanism.
D1.4: Advisory Board reporting and feedback
Creators: name: Hall
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This deliverable describes the results from consultation with the Advisory Board and key opinion leaders about the AfriDx project progress and directions for the future.
description: The AfriDx project has been funded by EDCTP and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant number RIA2020EF - 2918.
1H NMR-based profiling reveals differential immune-metabolic networks during influenza virus infection in obese mice
Creators: name: Wang, J.
name: Ebbels, T.
name: Saric, J.
name: Beck, M.A.
name: Milner, J.J.
name: Sheridan, P.A.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2014

description: Obese individuals are at greater risk for death from influenza virus infection. Paralleling human evidence, obese mice are also more susceptible to influenza infection mortality. However, the underlying mechanisms driving greater influenza severity in the obese remain unclear. Metabolic profiling has been utilized in infectious disease models to enhance prognostic or diagnostic methods, and to gain insight into disease pathogenesis by providing a more global picture of dynamic infection responses. Herein, metabolic profiling was used to develop a deeper understanding of the complex processes contributing to impaired influenza protection in obese mice and to facilitate generation of new explanatory hypotheses. Diet-induced obese and lean mice were infected with influenza A/Puerto Rico/8/34. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolic profiling of urine, feces, lung, liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum revealed distinct metabolic signatures in infected obese mice, including perturbations in nucleotide, vitamin, ketone body, amino acid, carbohydrate, choline and lipid metabolic pathways. Further, metabolic data was integrated with immune analyses to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of potential immune-metabolic interactions. Of interest, uncovered metabolic signatures in urine and feces allowed for discrimination of infection status in both lean and obese mice at an early influenza time point, which holds prognostic and diagnostic implications for this methodology. These results confirm that obesity causes distinct metabolic perturbations during influenza infection and provide a basis for generation of new hypotheses and use of this methodology in detection of putative biomarkers and metabolic patterns to predict influenza infection outcome.
Cosmic Ray Confinement and Transport Models for Probing their Putative Sources
Creators: name: Malkov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent efforts in cosmic ray (CR) confinement and transport theory are discussed. Three problems are addressed as being crucial for understanding the present day observations and their possible telltale signs of the CR origin. The first problem concerns CR behavior right after their release from a source, such as a supernova remnant (SNR). At this phase the CRs are confined near the source by self-emitted Alfven waves. The second is the problem of diffusive propagation of CRs through the turbulent ISM. This is a seemingly straightforward and long-resolved problem, but it remains controversial and reveals paradoxes. A resolution based on the Chapman-Enskog asymptotic CR transport analysis, that also includes magnetic focusing, is suggested. The third problem is about a puzzling sharp ($\sim10^{\circ}$) anisotropies in the CR arrival directions that might bear on important clues of their transport between the source and observer. The overarching goal is to improve our understanding of all aspects of the CR's source escape and ensuing propagation through the galaxy to the level at which their sources can be identified observationally.
description: to appear in PoP
SOME NOTES ON THE ABUNDANCE, ENVIRONMENT AND NUTRITION OF SIPUNCULUS NUDUS L. (SIPUNCULOIDEA) AT MORGAT, BRITTANY
Creators: name: EDMONDS, S.J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1962

description: Specimens of S. nudus were found in considerable numbers in the sandy beach at Morgat during August and September, 1960. From a strip of beach 100 m X 10 m, sampled on two occasions, 4.6±0.98 sipunculids per square metre were collected. The sand in which the animals lived was found to by very fine and to contain very little mud, a high percentage of carbonate and a Tow percentage of nitrogen. The granulometric composition of the particles and the percentage of carbonate in the intestinal contents and in the sand in which the animal lived were found to be almost the same. The amount of nitrogen in the intestinal contents was about twice that in the sand. It was difficult to assess the importance of the result because the amount of nitrogen secreted in the digestive juices and the intestinal mucus was not known. Some skeletons of diatoms were found in the intestinal contents of the anterior gut. Most ofthem were devoid of organic matter and were probably so when ingested. In the circumstances it is difficult to say how important a part diatoms played in the food of S. nudus at Morgat. The particles of carbonate contained in the ingested sand were not decomposed in the gut. The pH of the intestinal contents was found to be 7.5 - 8.2. Water was absorbed from the intestinal contents as they passed along the alimentary canal.
A novel S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenic(III) methyltransferase from rat liver cytosol
Creators: name: Herbin-Davis, K.M.
name: Simeonsson, J.B.
name: Lin, S.
name: Thomas, D.J.
name: Hall, L.L.
name: Nix, F.B.
name: Beck, M.A.
name: Shi, Q.
name: Styblo, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2002

description: S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet):arsenic(III) methyltransferase, purified from liver cytosol of adult male Fischer 344 rats, catalyzes transfer of a methyl group from AdoMet to trivalent arsenicals producing methylated and dimethylated arsenicals. The kinetics of production of methylated arsenicals in reaction mixtures containing enzyme, AdoMet, dithiothreitol, glutathione (GSH), and arsenite are consistent with a scheme in which monomethylated arsenical produced from arsenite is the substrate for a second methylation reaction that yields dimethylated arsenical. The mRNA for this protein predicts a 369-amino acid residue protein (molecular mass 41056) that contains common methyltransferase sequence motifs. Its sequence is similar to Cyt19, a putative methyltransferase, expressed in human and mouse tissues. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction detects S-adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenic(III) methyltransferase mRNA in rat tissues and in HepG2 cells, a human cell line that methylates arsenite and methylarsonous acid. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine:arsenic(III) methyltransferase mRNA is not detected in UROtsa cells, an immortalized human urothelial cell line that does not methylate arsenite. Because methylation of arsenic is a critical feature of its metabolism, characterization of this enzyme will improve our understanding of this metalloid's metabolism and its actions as a toxin and a carcinogen.
Additional file 1 of Machine learning for predicting severe dengue in Puerto Rico
Creators: name: Madewell, Zachary J.
name: Rodriguez, Dania M.
name: Thayer, Maile B.
name: Rivera-Amill, Vanessa
name: Paz-Bailey, Gabriela
name: Adams, Laura E.
name: Wong, Joshua M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary material 1.
(406) Jane Fowlds
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
AMPHIUROPHILUS-AMPHIURAE (HEROUARD) A PARASITIC COPEPODA OF GENITAL CAVITY OF THE OPHIURID AMPHIPHOLIS-SQUAMATA ECHINODERMATA - MORPHOLOGY OF ADULTS AND STUDY OF YOUNG STAGES
Creators: name: Goudeyperriere, F.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1979

Abstract
Selenium and host defence towards viruses
Creators: name: Beck, M.A.
Publisher: name: CAB International
Year: 1999

description: The association between viral disease and nutrition has long been thought to be due to effects on the host immune system. This theory suggests that when a host is malnourished, the immune system is compromised, and thus increased susceptibility to viral infection will occur. However, the virus itself may also be affected by the nutritional status of the host. We have demonstrated that a normally-benign strain of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3/0) becomes virulent in either Se-deficient or vitamin E-deficient mice. Although the deficient animals are immunosuppressed, the virus itself is also altered. Six nucleotide changes were found in the virus that replicated in the deficient mice, and once these mutations occurred, even mice with normal nutrition became susceptible to disease. Thus, the nutritional status of the host was able to transform an avirulent virus into a virulent one due to genomic changes in the virus. We believe that a common mechanism of oxidative stress is the underlying cause of the genetic changes. Both vitamin E and Se act as antioxidants, and benign virus inoculated into GSH peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9)-knockout mice will also convert to virulence due to genomic changes. Our work points to the importance of host nutrition during a viral disease, not only from the perspective of the host, but from the perspective of the viral pathogen as well.
Llojet autoktone të fasules në rajonin e Lezhës
Creators: name: PR-02-Albania Team
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: PR-02
Breeding
Farmers
ALB
ITPGRFA-BSF
Beans
Conservation
Production
Characterization and evaluation
Native varieties
Crop diversity

description: This leaflet is an output of the PR-02-Albania project funded by the 4th cycle of the Benefit Sharing Fund (BSF) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN). It outlines the indigenous beans to the Lezha region of Albania. It highlights the size and shape of beans, their growing period and ideal growing conditions, and farming technologies.