Platystoma trigonum Bodner & Freidberg, 2016, n. sp.
Creators: name: Bodner, L.
name: Freidberg, A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Platystomatidae
Platystoma
Platystoma trigonum

description: Platystoma trigonum n. sp.
(Figs. 17, 28, 39, 50, 61, 72, 86, 99)
Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. subfasciatum described from Bulgaria (Loew, 1862), differing from it by the following two characters, already used in Hennig's key (1945): (1) ventral half of face completely shiny, lacking the median line of microtrichia (which is present in P. subfasciatum); (2) T5 of the male 3–4 times as long as T3 or T4, as opposed to 1.5 times as long in the latter species. The new species differs from Loew's and Hennig's descriptions of P. subfasciatum mentioned above by three additional characters: (1) the wings illustrated by Hennig (1945) and by Hendel (1913) do not match our specimens, as the pattern of P. subfasciatum is composed of denser and more uniformly scattered hyaline spots, as well as two discrete dark bands on posterior half of wing; (2) ocellar triangle as long as, or slightly longer than frons; and (3) ocellar triangle with short black setulae. This latter character is unique among the local Platystoma species and was not mentioned in the earlier descriptions of P. subfasciatum. We believe that studying specimens of P. subfasciatum from the type locality or around it would unlikely reverse our decision and result in a synonym.
Description. Head (Figs. 17, 28): Color and vestiture: Head mostly pale to dark brown, sometimes with yellowish-brown areas. Frons microtrichose mostly at orbits and around bases of orbital setae. Ocellar triangle delimited by dense line of yellowish microtrichia. Lunule dark brown to black dorsally, yellow to pale brown ventrally, with yellowish line delimiting scapes and inconspicuous microtrichia medially. Antenna: scape pale to dark brown, pedicel yellowish to orange-brown and 1st flagellomere dark brown, all irregularly microtrichose. Face: dorsal 0.5 brown to blackish with dense gray microtrichia; ventral 0.5 shiny dark brown to black, without microtrichia. Clypeus with 1 (pair) oval dorsomedial spot, 1 (pair) smaller dorsolateral spot, and single band of microtrichia along ventral margin. Palpus brown to black, with yellowish to pale brown base. Chaetotaxy: 2 (pairs) orbital setae present. Postocellar seta absent. Ocellar triangle setulose. Lunule setulose. Postgena with long yellowish setulae. Occiput with similar setulae as postgena, except shorter. Ratios: Head: 1.40–1.56; frons anterior: 1.67–2.00; frons posterior: 1.42–1.83; ocellar triangle/frons: 0.46–0.79; eye: 1.80–2.14; 1st flagellomere: 1.50– 2.14; gena/eye: 0.30–0.38; parafacial/gena: 0.25–0.36; posterior orbital/anterior orbital: 1.33–2.00; medial vertical/ lateral vertical: 0.90–1.10; posterior orbital/medial vertical: 0.54–0.74; ocellar/medial vertical: 0.32–0.42; ocellar/ ocellar triangle: 0.47–0.55.
Thorax: Color and vestiture: Ground color dark brown to black, covered with yellowish-gray microtrichia. Scutum with 3 or 5 microtrichose stripes. Postpronotal lobe ground color black. Scutellum microtrichose marginally and in median stripe. Subscutellum metallic black with fine microtrichia. Anepisternum and katepisternum with reticulate pattern of microtrichia, excluding shiny black ventral part of katepisternum. Chaetotaxy: Presutural supra-alar seta either conspicuously short or absent. Postsutural supra-alar seta present. Postpronotal lobe with long yellowish-white to brown setulae. Anepisternum mostly short setulose, with longer setulae posteriorly. Katepisternum mostly moderately long, yellowish-white to pale brown setulose, with longer setulae ventrally. Ratios: Scutum: 0.84–0.98; presutural supra-alar/intra-alar: 0.20–0.36; postsutural supra-alar/ intra-alar: 0.53–0.83; postalar/intra-alar: 0.86–1.22.
Legs: Color and vestiture: Leg type dark. Tarsi with yellowish areas as in genus. Fore coxa with fine microtrichia, mid and hind coxae inconspicuously microtrichose. Chaetotaxy: Coxae anterodorsally and ventrally setulose: fore coax mostly with white setulae, mid and hind coxae with yellowish white to dark brown setulae. Trochanters ventrally with dark brown setulae. Femora black setulose: fore femur with posteriorly long and anteriorly short setulae; mid and hind femora mostly short setulose, with long and thick setulae posterodistally. Hind metatarsus and 2nd tarsomere with yellowish setulae ventrally.
Wing (Fig. 39): Pattern: Generally non-uniformly reticulate, with small to medium-size sub-hyaline and hyaline spots; combined area of hyaline and subhyaline spots less than combined area of pigmented pattern; larger such spots mostly around periphery of wing; smaller subhyaline spots mostly arranged in two more or less parallel and regular marginal longitudinal rows along cells r2+3, br, r4+5 and dm. Subhyaline spots otherwise irregular or arranged in 1 or several rows. Pattern with more or less discrete transverse dark bands extending from costa to hind margin of wing: 1 band from distal edge of pterostigma, more or less aligned with or slightly beyond level of crossvein R-M and nearly extending to crossvein DM-Cu, ending in the middle of posterior margin of cell cu1; 3 somewhat oblique bands beyond level of crossvein DM-Cu, converging medially towards cell r4+5: Proximal two forming "X" shape; apical band C-shaped. Costal cell subhyaline to hyaline with 4–6 partially merged dark spots. Venation: Veins generally pale brown; axillary sclerites, stem vein and base of costa from proximal edge to costagial break dark brown; rest of costa yellowish to pale brown. Vein M ends slightly posterior to wing tip. Dorsal calypter narrower and shorter than ventral calypter, with conspicuously longer fringes. Halter base and stem yellow, knob dark brown to blackish. Chaetotaxy: Base of costa near costagial break with ventral seta. Ratios: Wing: 2.79–3.00.
Abdomen: Structure: Male T4 about as long as T3 and about 0.33 times as long as T5. Female T4 slightly longer than T3 or T5. Color and vestiture: Male abdomen densely and uniformly microtrichose. Female abdomen sparsely and irregularly microtrichose, mostly medially over tergites. Male terminalia (Figs. 50, 61, 72): Epandrium laterally rounded, dorsally planate; ventral concavity deep; subepandrial sclerite conspicuously broadened anteriorly and extended beyond anterior margin of epandrium; lateral surstylus posteriorly and laterally rounded, strongly curved mesally; medial surstylus ambiguous. Terminal filaments unequally long, each conspicuously longer than distiphallus. Female terminalia (Fig. 86): 3 spermathecae present; spermatheca shortovoid with thin spiny protuberances. Ratios: Male: T3/T4: 0.85–1.11; T4/T5: 0.26–0.37; T3+4/T5: 0.51–0.71; epandrium: 0.45–0.62; preglans: 1.17–1.40; glans: 1.64–2.43; preglans/glans: 0.31–0.41; acrophallus/ preglans+glans: 6.13–9.10 / 12.25–14.38 (short/long filament); distiphallus/preglans+glans: 4.50–6.43. Female: T3/T4: 1.00–1.32; T4/T5: 1.06–1.19; T3+4/T5: 2.29–2.53; aculeus: 5.20–9.63; cercal unit: 2.90–3.00; cercal unit/ aculeus: 0.17–0.22.
Measurements (mm). Body length: 3.70–6.20; wing length: 3.60–5.20.
Material examined. Holotype: Ƌ, ISRAEL, Har Hermon, 1700m, 8.vi.1975, A. Freidberg. Paratypes: same collection data as holotype (16Ƌ, 6♀); additional paratypes (all from Israel, Har Hermon; but sometimes labeled " Mt. Hermon " or " Hermon ", arranged by increasing altitude): 1200m: 24.v. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ, 2♀); 9.vi. [19]83, I. Yarom (3Ƌ); 1300m, 22.v.1973, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); 1400m: 23.v.1978, D. Simon (1Ƌ); 23.v.2012, AF (1Ƌ); 21.vi.1971, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); 1400–1600m, 24.v. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ); 1400–1650m, 18.v.1976, AF (2Ƌ); 1500m: 6.v. [19]75, D. Simon (1♀); 18.v.1976, D. Simon (1Ƌ, 1♀); 23.v.1978, AF (4Ƌ, 3♀); 20.vi. [19]77, M. Broza (1Ƌ, 1♀); 1515m, 33°17.7’N 35°45.6'E, 17.v.2011, L. Bodner (1♀); 1500–1700m, 24.v.2012, L. Bodner (2♀); 1600m: 6.v.1975, F. Kaplan (1♀); 33°18.3’N 35°46.2'E, 17.v.2011, L. Bodner (1♀); 23.v.1998, AF (1♀); 33°18.1’N 35°46.2'E, 24.v.2010, E. Morgulis (1♀); 6.vi.1973, M. Kaplan (1♀); 9.vi.1975, M. Kaplan (2Ƌ, 1♀); 9.vi. [19]83, I. Yarom (1Ƌ); 12.vi.2003, AF (1Ƌ); 22.vi.1971, J. Kugler (1Ƌ, 1♀); 27.vi.1977, J. Kugler (1♀); 6.vii.1987, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); 7.vii.1987, AF (1Ƌ), Yoram Zvik (1Ƌ); 8.vii.1987, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ); 9.vii.1987, I. Nussbaum (1Ƌ, 1♀), F. Kaplan (2Ƌ); 1650m: 6.v.1975, AF (1Ƌ, 2♀), J. Kugler (1Ƌ); 22.v.1973, AF (3Ƌ, 1♀); 9.vi.1975, AF (2Ƌ); 16.vi.1969, J. Kugler (1Ƌ); 22.vi.1973, AF (3Ƌ); 1700m: 9.vi. [19]83, AF (1Ƌ, 2♀); 9.vi. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (3Ƌ); 10.vi. [19]83, I. Nussbaum (5Ƌ, 7♀); 16.vi.1977, AF (11Ƌ, 8♀); 16.vi. [19]77, Z. Feler (2Ƌ); 21.vi.1982, AF (1♀); 22.vi.1973, AF (5Ƌ, 2♀); 28.vi.1971, J. Kugler (2Ƌ, 3♀); 1750m: 8.vi.1975, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ); 22.vi.1973, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ); 1800m: 11.vi.1976, AF (1Ƌ); 11.vi.2003, L. Friedman (1Ƌ); 12.vi.1996, AF (1♀); 1900m, 1.vii.1986, AF (1Ƌ); 2000m: 20.v.1986, AF (2Ƌ, 1♀); 30.v.1979, M. Kaplan (1Ƌ); 2.vi.1985, I. Nussbaum (1♀); 9.vi. [19]83, AF (2♀); 12.vi.1996, AF (1Ƌ, 1♀); 21.vi.1982, AF (1Ƌ); 28.vi.1971, J. Kugler (1♀); 13.viii.1973, AF (1♀); (No altitude) 19.v. [19]81, I. Yarom (1Ƌ).
The holotype (Fig. 99) is double-mounted (minutien pin and polyporus block), in excellent condition, and deposited at the SMNHTAU. Most paratypes are deposited at the SMNHTAU; some paratypes will be deposited at the museums listed in the Material and Methods section.
Distribution. Israel.
Distribution in Israel. Mt. Hermon.
Adult activity in Israel. May to July.
Etymology. We name this species " trigonum " (Latin: "triangular harp"), due to its unique ocellar triangle.
Comments. As we were unable to obtain comparative material of Platystoma subfasciatum (which appears to be the most similar species), the validity of this new species is based only on comparisons with published descriptions.
description: Published as part of Bodner, L. & Freidberg, A., 2016, Taxonomy and immature stages of the Platystomatidae (Diptera: Tephritoidea) of Israel, pp. 201-245 in Zootaxa 4171 (2) on pages 229-231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4171.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/158862