cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Disruptive effects of chlorpyrifos on predator-prey interactions of Ceratophrys ornata tadpoles: consequences at the population level using computational modeling
Creators: name: Costa, Carolina Salgado
name: Rimoldi, Federico
name: Saraleguia, Morena J. Pantucci
name: Puzzo, M. Leticia Rubio
name: Trudeau, Vance L.
name: Natale, Guillermo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-scale ecotoxicological studies have technical and ethical limitations, both related to the need to expose individuals to potentially harmful compounds. Computational modeling is a complementary useful and predictive tool that overcomes these limitations. Considering the increasing interest in the effects of pesticides on behavioral traits, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on intra- and inter-specific interactions of anuran tadpoles, complementing traditional ecotoxicological tools with a theoretical analysis verified by computational simulations. Experiments were developed under two consecutive phases: a first phase of exposure, and a second phase of interactions. The second phase consisted of evaluating the effects of CPF on intra- and inter-specific interactions of exposed C. ornata (Co) tadpoles acting as predators and unexposed Rhinella fernandezae (Rf) tadpoles acting as prey, under different predator-prey proportions. Also, intraspecific interactions of three Co tadpoles under different conditions of exposure were evaluated. During the exposure phase, chlorpyrifos induced significant mortality from 48h, irregular swimming, tail flexure, and the presence of subcutaneous air. Also, it induced effects on the sounds emitted after 96h of exposure, registering less number of pulses and higher dominant frequencies, and altered intra- and inter-specific interactions. During the interaction phase, the larvae continued to show sound effects, however, the antipredator mechanism continued to be operating and efficient. Finally, it was possible to model the behavior of the larvae under the effects of chlorpyrifos. We conclude that experimental data and computational modeling matched within errors. Therefore, computational simulation is a valuable ecotoxicological tool that provides new information and allows predicting natural processes.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, and 2 supplementary figures
Neuropsychological performance in young adults with cannabis use disorder.
Creators: name: Selamoglu, Ayla
name: Langley, Christelle
name: Crean, Rebecca
name: Savulich, George
name: Cormack, Francesca
name: Sahakian, Barbara
name: Mason, Barbara
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Original Papers
Cognition
cannabis use disorder
CANTAB

description: Funder: Wellcome Trust Collaborative Award
description: Funder: Wallitt Foundation and Eton College
description: Funder: NIHR MedTech
description: Funder: in vitro diagnostic Co-operative
description: Funder: nihr cambridge biomedical research centre; FundRef: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100018956
description: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cannabis is a commonly used recreational drug in young adults. The worldwide prevalence in 18- to 25-year-olds is approximately 35%. Significant differences in cognitive performance have been reported previously for groups of cannabis users. However, the groups are often heterogeneous in terms of cannabis use. Here, we study daily cannabis users with a confirmed diagnosis of cannabis use disorder (CUD) to examine cognitive performance on measures of memory, executive function and risky decision-making. METHODS: Forty young adult daily cannabis users with diagnosed CUD and 20 healthy controls matched for sex and premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ) were included. The neuropsychological battery implemented was designed to measure multiple modes of memory (visual, episodic and working memory), risky decision-making and other domains of executive function using subtests from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). RESULTS: Our results showed that young adult daily cannabis users with CUD perform significantly poorer on tasks of visual and episodic memory compared with healthy controls. In addition, executive functioning was associated with the age of onset. CONCLUSIONS: Further research is required to determine whether worse performance in cognition results in cannabis use or is a consequence of cannabis use. Chronic heavy cannabis use during a critical period of brain development may have a particularly negative impact on cognition. Research into the persistence of cognitive differences and how they relate to functional outcomes such as academic/career performance is required.
Orbital Optimized Density Functional Theory for Electronic Excited States
Creators: name: Hait, Diptarka
name: Head-Gordon, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Density functional theory (DFT) based modeling of electronic excited states is of importance for investigation of the photophysical/photochemical properties and spectroscopic characterization of large systems. The widely used linear response time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) approach is however not effective at modeling many types of excited states, including (but not limited to) charge-transfer states, doubly excited states and core-level excitations. In this perspective, we discuss state-specific orbital optimized (OO) DFT approaches as an alterative to TDDFT for electronic excited states. We motivate the use of OO-DFT methods and discuss reasons behind their relatively restricted historical usage (vs TDDFT). We subsequently highlight modern developments that address these factors and allow efficient and reliable OO-DFT computations. Several successful applications of OO-DFT for challenging electronic excitations are also presented, indicating their practical efficacy. OO-DFT approaches are thus increasingly becoming a useful route for computing excited states of large chemical systems. We conclude by discussing the limitations and challenges still facing OO-DFT methods, as well as some potential avenues for addressing them.
HCPV Modules with Combined Lens/Guide Secondaries
Creators: name: Rumyantsev, V.D.
name: Andreev, V.M.
name: Chekalin, A.V.
name: Davidyuk, N.Y.
name: Ionova, E.A.
name: Malevskiy, D.A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 236-238
description: We report on a new design of the secondary optical element. This element consists of two parts: a flatconvex
lens being in optical contact with front surface of an intermediate glass sheet, and a cylindrical light guide
being in contact with rear side of the glass. The output edge of the light guide is placed on the top of a solar cell with
a small air gap. The cylindrical light guide serves as a distributor of light along a cell surface reducing the local
concentration ratio, but keeping wider off-orientation properties of the concentrator module. The photocurrent
measurements were performed using high concentration triple-junction InGaP/GaAs/Ge and one-junction
AlGaAs/GaAs solar cells. That was necessary to check influence of the chromatic aberrations in the
primary/secondary optical system on PV output parameters of the concentrator modules. It was found that insertion of
the 3÷5 mm in length light guides leads to effective distribution of light along the cell surface, whereas shorter and
longer guides produce stronger illumination in the cell center.
Light-like Wilson Loops and Cusp Anomalous Dimensions in Non-conformal Gauge Theories
Creators: name: Zayas, Leopoldo A. Pando
name: Phalen, Daniel J.
name: Terrero-Escalante, Cesar A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We emphasize that non-conformal theories provide a natural playground for the ideas of the Maldacena conjecture, opening the possibility of exploring properties that could potentially be in the same universality class as QCD. In particular, we discuss in detail how light-like Wilson loops, an important ingredient in the prescription for scattering amplitudes, can be described in a number of gravity duals of non-conformal gauge theories. We point out to a few universal properties and the prominent role of the strong scale.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Extended version of the talk given in Ten Years of AdS/CFT: A Workshop Celebrating the Tenth Anniversary of the Maldacena Conjecture, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 19-21 Dec 2007
Climate Model for Potential-Induced Degradation of Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
Creators: name: Raykov, A.
name: Nagel, H.
name: Amankwah, D.-J.
name: Bergholz, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3399-3404
description: A climate model for the evaluation of the lifetime of crystalline Si PV modules with respect to potentialinduced
degradation (PID) is proposed. It is based on the calculation of the maximum electrical power Pmpp versus time of
one-cell modules. Input parameters are the measured impact of temperature, relative humidity, encapsulation material and
PID-stability of the cell on the PID of the one-cell modules. It was found that PID follows an Arrhenius-like behavior with
activation energy of 75 eV. The PID rate as a function of the relative humidity experiences a threshold value after which the
rate saturates. The PID-stabilized cells showed a degradation time that is 385 times longer than laboratory-type PID-prone
cells. Another important process in the PID context, the regeneration, was studied for a variety of temperatures. It showed
power dependence on the shunt resistance value and a linear relation with time. Finally, the estimated lifetime of a 60-cell
module generated by the PID climate model yields a good agreement with the experimental data for both standard accelerated
testing conditions and a basic climate profile.
Targeted transcriptomics reveals signatures of large-scale independent origins and concerted regulation of effector genes in Radopholus similis.
Creators: name: Vieira, Paulo
name: Myers, Roxana Y
name: Pellegrin, Clement
name: Wram, Catherine
name: Hesse, Cedar
name: Maier, Thomas R
name: Shao, Jonathan
name: Koutsovoulos, Georgios D
name: Zasada, Inga
name: Matsumoto, Tracie
name: Danchin, Etienne GJ
name: Baum, Thomas J
name: Eves-Van Den Akker, Sebastian
name: Nemchinov, Lev G
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Medicine and health sciences

description: The burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, is an economically important plant-parasitic nematode that inflicts damage and yield loss to a wide range of crops. This migratory endoparasite is widely distributed in warmer regions and causes extensive destruction to the root systems of important food crops (e.g., citrus, banana). Despite the economic importance of this nematode, little is known about the repertoire of effectors owned by this species. Here we combined spatially and temporally resolved next-generation sequencing datasets of R. similis to select a list of candidates for the identification of effector genes for this species. We confirmed spatial expression of transcripts of 30 new candidate effectors within the esophageal glands of R. similis by in situ hybridization, revealing a large number of pioneer genes specific to this nematode. We identify a gland promoter motif specifically associated with the subventral glands (named Rs-SUG box), a putative hallmark of spatial and concerted regulation of these effectors. Nematode transcriptome analyses confirmed the expression of these effectors during the interaction with the host, with a large number of pioneer genes being especially abundant. Our data revealed that R. similis holds a diverse and emergent repertoire of effectors, which has been shaped by various evolutionary events, including neofunctionalization, horizontal gene transfer, and possibly by de novo gene birth. In addition, we also report the first GH62 gene so far discovered for any metazoan and putatively acquired by lateral gene transfer from a bacterial donor. Considering the economic damage caused by R. similis, this information provides valuable data to elucidate the mode of parasitism of this nematode.
ΔI=3/2 and ΔI=1/2 channels of K→ππ decay at the physical point with periodic boundary conditions
Creators: name: Blum, Thomas
name: Boyle, Peter A.
name: Hoying, Daniel
name: Izubuchi, Taku
name: Jin, Luchang
name: Jung, Chulwoo
name: Kelly, Christopher
name: Lehner, Christoph
name: Soni, Amarjit
name: Tomii, Masaaki
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present a lattice calculation of the K→ππ matrix elements and amplitudes with both the ΔI=3/2 and 1/2 channels and ϵ′, the measure of direct CP violation. We use periodic boundary conditions (PBC), where the correct kinematics of K→ππ can be achieved via an excited two-pion final state. To overcome the difficulty associated with the extraction of excited states, our previous work [Z. Bai et al., Standard Model prediction for direct CP violation in K→ππ decay, Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 212001 (2015); R. Abbott et al., Direct CP violation and the ΔI=1/2 rule in K→ππ decay from the Standard Model, Phys. Rev. D 102, 054509 (2020).] successfully employed G-parity boundary conditions, where pions are forced to have nonzero momentum enabling the I=0 two-pion ground state to express the on shell kinematics of the K→ππ decay. Here instead we overcome the problem using the variational method which allows us to resolve the two-pion spectrum and matrix elements up to the relevant energy where the decay amplitude is on shell. In this paper we report an exploratory calculation of K→ππ decay amplitudes and ϵ′ using PBC on a coarser lattice size of 243×64 with inverse lattice spacing a−1=1.023  GeV and the physical pion and kaon masses. The results are promising enough to motivate us to continue our measurements on finer lattice ensembles in order to improve the precision in the near future.
Supergravity inspired Vector Curvaton
Creators: name: Dimopoulos, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is investigated whether a massive Abelian vector field, whose gauge kinetic function is growing during inflation, can be responsible for the generation of the curvature perturbation in the Universe. Particle production is studied and it is shown that the vector field can obtain a scale invariant superhorizon spectrum of perturbations with a reasonable choice of kinetic function. After inflation the vector field begins coherent oscillations, during which it corresponds to pressureless isotropic matter. When the vector field dominates the Universe its perturbations give rise to the observed curvature perturbation following the curvaton scenario. It is found that this is possible if, after the end of inflation, the mass of the vector field increases at a phase transition at temperature of order 1 TeV or lower. Inhomogeneous reheating, whereby the vector field modulates the decay rate of the inflaton, is also studied.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, RevTeX
The impact of personal taxes on two areas in the theory of financial markets
Creators: name: Sankarasubramanian, Lakshminarayanan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis considers the impact of taxation on two problems in the theory of financial markets. The first paper deals with the optimal choice of debt made by value-maximising firms. We consider a one-period world with personal and corporate taxation and distinguish between the repayment of principal and the payment of interest on corporate debt. It is shown that at optimum, a value-maximising firm may choose to issue multiple debt contracts with differing seniorities. In addition, the impact of a change in the tax rates (corporate or personal) on the optimum level of debt is seen to be ambiguous. Unambiguous statements can, however, be made about the impact of a change in the corporate tax rate on firm value, the value of the equity and on the required rate of return on risky corporate debt. The analysis borrows heavily on a framework that we develop early in the paper which permits us to visualise the value-maximising firm's choice of an optimal capital structure, graphically. The second essay examines the impact that taxes have on the pricing of call options on corporate stock. It is demonstrated that the process of replication can be influenced by the basis of the stocks used for the replication process as a result of the capital gains taxes involved. Consequently, the equilibrium price for an option is some average of the various costs of replication that different investors face. We find that the equilibrium price for the option can be influenced by investor preferences and by the history of the stock price. The empirical findings of an apparently unpredictable strike-price bias that have been observed in the past literature is examined and duplicated numerically. In addition, one explanation is given for the rationale behind covered option positions that consist of an option position and the corresponding hedge.
Curved Casimir Operators and the BGG Machinery
Creators: name: Cap, Andreas
name: Soucek, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E46, 53A40, 53C15, 58J70

description: We prove that the Casimir operator acting on sections of a homogeneous vector bundle over a generalized flag manifold naturally extends to an invariant differential operator on arbitrary parabolic geometries. We study some properties of the resulting invariant operators and compute their action on various special types of natural bundles. As a first application, we give a very general construction of splitting operators for parabolic geometries. Then we discuss the curved Casimir operators on differential forms with values in a tractor bundle, which nicely relates to the machinery of BGG sequences. This also gives a nice interpretation of the resolution of a finite dimensional representation by (spaces of smooth vectors in) principal series representations provided by a BGG sequence.
description: This is a contribution to the Proceedings of the 2007 Midwest Geometry Conference in honor of Thomas P. Branson, published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Time-reversal symmetry breaking driven topological phase transition in EuB$_6$
Creators: name: Gao, Shun-Ye
name: Xu, Sheng
name: Li, Hang
name: Yi, Chang-Jiang
name: Nie, Si-Min
name: Rao, Zhi- Cheng
name: Wang, Huan
name: Hu, Quan-Xin
name: Chen, Xue-Zhi
name: Fan, Wen-Hui
name: Huang, Jie- Rui
name: Huang, Yao-Bo
name: Pryds, Nini
name: Shi, Ming
name: Wang, Zhi-Jun
name: Shi, You-Guo
name: Xia, Tian-Long
name: Qian, Tian
name: Ding, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between time-reversal symmetry (TRS) and band topology plays a crucial role in topological states of quantum matter. In time-reversal-invariant (TRI) systems, the inversion of spin-degenerate bands with opposite parity leads to nontrivial topological states, such as topological insulators and Dirac semimetals. When the TRS is broken, the exchange field induces spin splitting of the bands. The inversion of a pair of spin-splitting subbands can generate more exotic topological states, such as quantum anomalous Hall insulators and magnetic Weyl semimetals. So far, such topological phase transitions driven by the TRS breaking have not been visualized. In this work, using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that the TRS breaking induces a band inversion of a pair of spin-splitting subbands at the TRI points of Brillouin zone in EuB$_6$, when a long-range ferromagnetic order is developed. The dramatic changes in the electronic structure result in a topological phase transition from a TRI ordinary insulator state to a TRS-broken topological semimetal (TSM) state. Remarkably, the magnetic TSM state has an ideal electronic structure, in which the band crossings are located at the Fermi level without any interference from other bands. Our findings not only reveal the topological phase transition driven by the TRS breaking, but also provide an excellent platform to explore novel physical behavior in the magnetic topological states of quantum matter.
description: 22 pages, 7 figures, accepted by Phys. Rev. X
Advanced Concepts in Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV)
Creators: name: Wiesenfarth, M.
name: Helmers, H.
name: Philipps, S.P.
name: Steiner, M.
name: Bett, A.W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Material Studies, New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
Terrestrial Concentrator Systems

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 11-15
description: In this paper an overview on the history and actual status of the CPV market is given. Since the introduction of multi-junction solar cells to terrestrial concentrator systems, the installed capacity of high concentration systems has strongly increased. Today, commercial CPV power plants produce electricity cost competitive compared to other solar technologies. To verify the system design and prove reliability, the certification IEC 62108 was introduced and today several modules have successfully completed the test sequence and received the certificate. Beside the widely used point focus systems there are different system approaches with the potential to increase the efficiency and solar concentration. At Fraunhofer ISE the CPV tower and the CPV and thermal (CPVT) system approaches are investigated. Using the thermal energy in addition to the electrical energy, test receivers showed that 75 % of the solar energy can be utilized.
Evidence for a deep, distributed and dynamic code for animacy in human ventral anterior temporal cortex.
Creators: name: Rogers, Timothy T
name: Cox, Christopher R
name: Lu, Qihong
name: Shimotake, Akihiro
name: Kikuchi, Takayuki
name: Kunieda, Takeharu
name: Miyamoto, Susumu
name: Takahashi, Ryosuke
name: Ikeda, Akio
name: Matsumoto, Riki
name: Lambon Ralph, Matthew
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Neuroscience
semantic memory
cognition
neural networks
ECOG
temporal lobe
mvpa
Human

description: Funder: European Research Council; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781; Grant(s): GAP: 502670428 - BRAIN2MIND_NEUROCOMP
description: How does the human brain encode semantic information about objects? This paper reconciles two seemingly contradictory views. The first proposes that local neural populations independently encode semantic features; the second, that semantic representations arise as a dynamic distributed code that changes radically with stimulus processing. Combining simulations with a well-known neural network model of semantic memory, multivariate pattern classification, and human electrocorticography, we find that both views are partially correct: information about the animacy of a depicted stimulus is distributed across ventral temporal cortex in a dynamic code possessing feature-like elements posteriorly but with elements that change rapidly and nonlinearly in anterior regions. This pattern is consistent with the view that anterior temporal lobes serve as a deep cross-modal 'hub' in an interactive semantic network, and more generally suggests that tertiary association cortices may adopt dynamic distributed codes difficult to detect with common brain imaging methods.
Spherically symmetric trapping horizons, the Misner-Sharp mass and black hole evaporation
Creators: name: Nielsen, Alex B.
name: Yeom, Dong-han
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understood in terms of pure states evolving into mixed states, the possibility of information loss in black holes is closely related to the global causal structure of spacetime, as is the existence of event horizons. However, black holes need not be defined by event horizons, and in fact we argue that in order to have a fully unitary evolution for black holes, they should be defined in terms of something else, such as a trapping horizon. The Misner-Sharp mass in spherical symmetry shows very simply how trapping horizons can give rise to black hole thermodynamics, Hawking radiation and singularities. We show how the Misner-Sharp mass can also be used to give insights into the process of collapse and evaporation of locally defined black holes.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Vassiliev measures of complexity for open and closed curves in 3-space
Creators: name: Panagiotou, Eleni
name: Kauffman, Louis H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: In this manuscript we define Vassiliev measures of complexity for open curves in 3-space. These are related to the coefficients of the enhanced Jones polynomial of open curves in 3-space. These Vassiliev measures are continuous functions of the curve coordinates and as the ends of the curve tend to coincide, they converge to the corresponding Vassiliev invariants of the resulting knot. We focus on the second Vassiliev measure from the enhanced Jones polynomial for closed and open curves in 3-space. For closed curves, this second Vassiliev measure can be computed by a Gauss code diagram and it has an integral formulation, the double alternating self-linking integral. The double alternating self-linking integral is a topological invariant for closed curves and a continuous function of the curve coordinates for open curves in 3-space. For polygonal curves, the double alternating self-linking integral obtains a simpler expression in terms of geometric probabilities. For a polygonal curve with 4 edges, the double alternating self-linking integral coincides with the signed geometric probability of obtaining the knotoid k2.1 in a random projection direction.
Quantifying patterns of alcohol consumption and its effects on health and wellbeing among BaYaka hunter-gatherers: A mixed-methods cross-sectional study.
Creators: name: Knight, Jessica K
name: Salali, Gul Deniz
name: Sikka, Gaurav
name: Derkx, Inez
name: Keestra, Sarai M
name: Chaudhary, Nikhil
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods

description: Funder: UCL Grand Challenges
description: Ethnographers frequently allude to alcoholism and related harms in Indigenous hunter-gatherer communities, but very few studies have quantified patterns of alcohol consumption or its health and social impacts. We present a case study of the Mbendjele BaYaka, a Congolese population undergoing socioeconomic transition. 83 adults answered questions about their frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, underwent biometric measurements and reported whether they were currently experiencing a cough or diarrhoea; 56 participated in structured interviews about their experiences with alcohol. Based on WHO standards, we found 44.3% of the full sample, and 51.5% of drinkers (excluding abstainers), had a hazardous volume of alcohol consumption; and 35.1% of the full sample, and 40.9% of drinkers, engaged in heavy episodic drinking; consumption habits varied with sex and age. Total weekly consumption was a positive predictor of blood pressure and the likelihood of experiencing diarrhoea; associations with other biometric variables were not statistically significant. Interview responses indicated numerous other economic, mental and physical health harms of alcohol use, the prevalence of which demonstrate some variability between forest camps and permanent village settlements. These include high rates of drinking during pregnancy and breastfeeding (~40%); frequent alcohol-induced violence; and considerable exchange of foraged foods and engagement in exploitative labour activities to acquire alcohol or repay associated debts. Our findings demonstrate the prevalence of hazardous alcohol consumption among transitioning hunter-gatherers is higher than other segments of the Congolese population and indicate negative impacts on health and wellbeing, highlighting an urgent need for targeted public health interventions.
The Impact Of Covid-19 Pandemic On Food Security.pdf
Creators: name: Mouloudj Kamel
name: Bouarar Ahmed Chemseddine
name: Fechit Hamid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150401 Food and Hospitality Services
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The Corona virus is spreading at a very rapid pace, inflicting tremendous damage to all sectors without any exception, but nevertheless the extent of the damage and losses resulting from the pandemic differ from one sector to another and from one country to another, but what certainly counts most to people during crises is to meet their food needs rather than any other , so the aim of the study is to analyze and discuss the impact of Covid-19 on food security. The scale of the analysis was of an international level, with special focus on countries suffering from food insecurity such as Algeria. Toward this end, data provided by the Food Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the World Health Organization (WHO) have been analyzed, as well as studies conducted and published on the subject. The findings indicate that Covid 19 has had a huge impact on perishable food and caused remarkable food shortages in poor countries, conflict zones and war-affected regions. Additionally, Covid 19 threatened food security even in some developed, whereas developing countries are the most affected due to their high dependency in securing their food supplies. Finally, based on the findings, we have suggested some recommendations that would help boosting sustainable food security.
Fully Implanted n-Type PERT Solar Cells
Creators: name: Benick, J.
name: Müller, R.
name: Bateman, N.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Glunz, S.W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 676-679
description: Ion implantation is the technique of choice for introducing dopant species into semiconductors in
CMOS devices. In photovoltaics ion implantation could be an interesting alternative to tube furnace diffusion
processes. In this work we thus show that the damage introduced during implantation can be completely removed
during annealing and that a co-annealing process can be applied for the annealing of boron and phosphorus profiles.
Boron emitter implanted PassDop as well as fully implanted PERT solar cells have been fabricated. High conversion
efficiencies could be achieved for both, the PassDop (22.2%, 694 mV) as well as for the fully implanted PERT
(22.3%, 684 mV) solar cells, proving the high quality of the applied boron and phosphorus implantation.
The Infrared Ca II triplet as metallicity indicator
Creators: name: Carrera, Ricardo
name: Gallart, Carme
name: Pancino, Elena
name: Zinn, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From observations of almost 500 RGB stars in 29 Galactic open and globular clusters, we have investigated the behaviour of the infrared Ca II triplet (8498, 8542 and 8662 Å) in the age range 13$\leq$Age/Gyr$\leq$0.25 and the metallicity range $-2.2\leq$ [Fe/H] $\leq$+0.47. These are the widest ranges of ages and metallicities in which the behaviour of the Ca II triplet lines has been investigated in a homogeneous way. We report the first empirical study of the variation of the CaII triplet lines strength, for given metallicities, with respect to luminosity. We find that the sequence defined by each cluster in the Luminosity-$Σ$Ca plane is not exactly linear. However, when only stars in a small magnitude interval are observed, the sequences can be considered as linear. We have studied the the Ca II triplet lines on three metallicities scales. While a linear correlation between the reduced equivalent width ($W'_V$ or $W'_I$) versus metallicity is found in the \citet{cg97} and \citet{ki03} scales, a second order term needs to be added when the \citet{zw84} scale is adopted. We investigate the role of age from the wide range of ages covered by our sample. We find that age has a weak influence on the final relationship. Finally, the relationship derived here is used to estimate the metallicities of three poorly studied open clusters: Berkeley 39, Trumpler 5 and Collinder 110. For the latter, the metallicity derived here is the first spectroscopic estimate available.
description: 52 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomical Journal
The FASTK family proteins fine-tune mitochondrial RNA processing.
Creators: name: Ohkubo, Akira
name: Van Haute, Lindsey
name: Rudler, Danielle L
name: Stentenbach, Maike
name: Steiner, Florian A
name: Rackham, Oliver
name: Minczuk, Michal
name: Filipovska, Aleksandra
name: Martinou, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Research and analysis methods

description: Funder: The Cancer Council of Western Australia
description: Funder: UWA Postgraduate Scholarships
description: Transcription of the human mitochondrial genome and correct processing of the two long polycistronic transcripts are crucial for oxidative phosphorylation. According to the tRNA punctuation model, nucleolytic processing of these large precursor transcripts occurs mainly through the excision of the tRNAs that flank most rRNAs and mRNAs. However, some mRNAs are not punctuated by tRNAs, and it remains largely unknown how these non-canonical junctions are resolved. The FASTK family proteins are emerging as key players in non-canonical RNA processing. Here, we have generated human cell lines carrying single or combined knockouts of several FASTK family members to investigate their roles in non-canonical RNA processing. The most striking phenotypes were obtained with loss of FASTKD4 and FASTKD5 and with their combined double knockout. Comprehensive mitochondrial transcriptome analyses of these cell lines revealed a defect in processing at several canonical and non-canonical RNA junctions, accompanied by an increase in specific antisense transcripts. Loss of FASTKD5 led to the most severe phenotype with marked defects in mitochondrial translation of key components of the electron transport chain complexes and in oxidative phosphorylation. We reveal that the FASTK protein family members are crucial regulators of non-canonical junction and non-coding mitochondrial RNA processing.
Point Mutations Effects on Charge Transport Properties of the Tumor-Suppressor Gene p53
Creators: name: Shih, Chi-Tin
name: Roche, Stephan
name: Römer, Rudolf A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a theoretical study of point mutations effects on charge transfer properties in the DNA sequence of the tumor-suppressor p53 gene. On the basis of effective single-strand or double-strand tight-binding models which simulate hole propagation along the DNA, a statistical analysis of charge transmission modulations associated with all possible point mutations is performed. We find that in contrast to non-cancerous mutations, mutation hotspots tend to result in significantly weaker {\em changes of transmission properties}. This suggests that charge transport could play a significant role for DNA-repairing deficiency yielding carcinogenesis.
description: 4.1 PR style pages with 5 figures included
Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology.
Creators: name: Stangherlin, Alessandra
name: Watson, Joseph L
name: Wong, David CS
name: Barbiero, Silvia
name: Zeng, Aiwei
name: Seinkmane, Estere
name: Chew, Sew Peak
name: Beale, Andrew D
name: Hayter, Edward A
name: Guna, Alina
name: Inglis, Alison J
name: Putker, Marrit
name: Bartolami, Eline
name: Matile, Stefan
name: Lequeux, Nicolas
name: Pons, Thomas
name: Day, Jason
name: Van Ooijen, Gerben
name: Voorhees, Rebecca M
name: Bechtold, David A
name: Derivery, Emmanuel
name: Edgar, Rachel S
name: Newham, Peter
name: O'Neill, John
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/45/612/1248
/631/80/105
/631/443/592
/96/106
/14
/14/19
/82/58
/64/60
/9/30
article

description: Between 6-20% of the cellular proteome is under circadian control and tunes mammalian cell function with daily environmental cycles. For cell viability, and to maintain volume within narrow limits, the daily variation in osmotic potential exerted by changes in the soluble proteome must be counterbalanced. The mechanisms and consequences of this osmotic compensation have not been investigated before. In cultured cells and in tissue we find that compensation involves electroneutral active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl- through differential activity of SLC12A family cotransporters. In cardiomyocytes ex vivo and in vivo, compensatory ion fluxes confer daily variation in electrical activity. Perturbation of soluble protein abundance has commensurate effects on ion composition and cellular function across the circadian cycle. Thus, circadian regulation of the proteome impacts ion homeostasis with substantial consequences for the physiology of electrically active cells such as cardiomyocytes.
Ray-Trace Modelling of a Combined Up-Convertor: Luminescent Solar Concentrator
Creators: name: Kerrouche, A.
name: Hardy, D.A.
name: Ivaturi, A.
name: MacDougall, S.K.W.
name: Roaf, S.C.
name: Richards, B.S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1398-1400
description: An advanced up-converter (UC) luminescent concentrator model is investigated in this research. The
model combines photon management with nanotechnology-based, luminescent materials, to increase the efficiency of
photovoltaic (PV) solar cells. The concept consists of a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) - a polymer with
embedded nanocrystal quantum dots (NQD), which absorb near-infrared (NIR) light up to 1520 nm, and an emission
profile that overlaps with the absorption band of the UC, at approximately 1540 nm. The UC emits photons with
energies above the band gap of the silicon solar cell. A three dimensional ray-trace modelling is carried out to
investigate this approach and an optical efficiency improvement of 1% was calculated. The simulation process and
results are discussed.
Preliminary Sunyaev Zel'dovich Observations of Galaxy Clusters with OCRA-p
Creators: name: Lancaster, Katy
name: Birkinshaw, Mark
name: Gawronski, Marcin P.
name: Browne, Ian
name: Feiler, Roman
name: Kus, Andrzej
name: Lowe, Stuart
name: Pazderski, Eugeniusz
name: Wilkinson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 30 GHz Sunyaev Zel'dovich (SZ) observations of a sample of four galaxy clusters with a prototype of the One Centimetre Receiver Array (OCRA-p) which is mounted on the Torun 32-m telescope. The clusters (Cl0016+16, MS0451.6-0305, MS1054.4-0321 and Abell 2218) are popular SZ targets and serve as commissioning observations. All four are detected with clear significance (4-6 sigma) and values for the central temperature decrements are in good agreement with measurements reported in the literature. We believe that systematic effects are successfully suppressed by our observing strategy. The relatively short integration times required to obtain these results demonstrate the power of OCRA-p and its successors for future SZ studies.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures. Accepted by MNRAS, online early
Reranking Machine Translation Hypotheses with Structured and Web-based Language Models
Creators: name: Wang, Wen
name: Stolcke, Andreas
name: Zheng, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the use of linguistically motivated and computationally efficient structured language models for reranking N-best hypotheses in a statistical machine translation system. These language models, developed from Constraint Dependency Grammar parses, tightly integrate knowledge of words, morphological and lexical features, and syntactic dependency constraints. Two structured language models are applied for N-best rescoring, one is an almost-parsing language model, and the other utilizes more syntactic features by explicitly modeling syntactic dependencies between words. We also investigate effective and efficient language modeling methods to use N-grams extracted from up to 1 teraword of web documents. We apply all these language models for N-best re-ranking on the NIST and DARPA GALE program 2006 and 2007 machine translation evaluation tasks and find that the combination of these language models increases the BLEU score up to 1.6% absolutely on blind test sets.
description: With a correction to the math in Figure 1 caption
Development of a MWT Baseline Process
Creators: name: Tonini, D.
name: Galiazzo, M.
name: Bortoletto, E.
name: Cellere, G.
name: Baccini, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1996-2000
description: Metal Wrap Through (MWT) technology can be implemented on existing solar cells production lines with only small
modifications of the process flow, providing significant advantages in terms of cell performances and paste
consumption [1]. MWT represents also a potential breakthrough for the introduction of back contact PV cells in the
industrial mass production with limited modifications to the process flow. This work is focused on establishing a
baseline production process for MWT solar cells which comprehends laser drilling, metallization and contact
isolation. The approach followed for the process flow modifications was presented in this paper, together with the
effects of two additional steps in the process flow, namely laser vias drilling and via-filling screen print, on cells
electrical performances. The electrical performances of the processed cells were presented and discussed.
Interconnector-Based Module Technology for Thin MWT Cells
Creators: name: Eitner, U.
name: Eberlein, D.
name: Tranitz, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3461-3464
description: In this work we advance the concept of ribbon interconnection to meet two challenges for PV module
technology: thin cells with a thickness of around 100μm and back contact solar cells with distributed contacts on the
rear cell side. Both aspects require an adaptation of the traditional module concept because simply soldering
conventional ribbons to the cells’ rear side leads to high thermomechanical stress and thus excessive cell bow after
soldering. This fact becomes even more critical when the cells are thin. The proposed concept uses structured
interconnectors that avoid cell bow after interconnection but still exhibit adequate electrical conductivity. To isolate
parts of the interconnector from the opposite polarity on the rear cell side a non-woven fabric is used. The
applicability of this concept for high conversion efficiencies and for low cell-to-module losses is demonstrated by
small scale MWT-modules containing 16 (4 × 4) resp. 10 (5 × 2) cells. Fill factors above 77 %, module efficiencies
of up to 17.0 % (ap) and cell-to-module losses of 1.0 %abs are measured. The reliability of the concept is tested by
temperature cycling resulting in no measurable degradation of the IV-parameters and in no visible deterioration of the
EL images.
First Steps towards an Automated Repairing of Solar Cells by Laser Enabled Silicon Post-Processing
Creators: name: Schmauder, J.
name: Kopecek, R.
name: Barinka, R.
name: Barinkova, P.
name: Bollar, A.
name: Koumanakos, D.
name: Otero, N.
name: Romero, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1401-1404
description: In industrial solar cell production of c-Si solar cells rejects in the range of several percent depending on
the manufacturing line are inevitable. Making use of this resource could significantly increase the yield of production
leading to lower manufacturing costs. Laser post-processing of defective cells has shown a high potential for
repairing cells with local defects like shunts and was proposed for large scale testing. In this work first results are
presented for an automated laser repairing and post-processing system that could be placed at the end of a
manufacturing line. 450 rejected standard Cz-Si solar cells from a large cell manufacturer were characterized by
means of optical inspection, IV- and luminescence measurements. The common cell defects are presented and the
electro- and photoluminescence technique is discussed for being used as characterization method for an automated
repairing system. Results of first manually laser repaired cells are shown and a preliminary technical draft of the
automated system is exposed.
Measuring High-Efficient Large Area Back Contacted Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Roescu, R.
name: Galbiati, G.
name: Mihailetchi, V.D.
name: Koduvelikulathu, L.
name: Halm, A.
name: Libal, J.
name: Kopecek, R.
name: Peter, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Characterization and Modelling

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1405-1408
description: Measuring current-voltage characteristics of back contacted solar cells is not trivial in the case of large
area devices. Prior to the introduction of the highly efficient ZEBRA cell, which was developed on 156×156 mm2
substrates, measurement issues were of little concern as for smaller cells only one pair of Kelvin contacts was used.
The results presented in this paper are relevant for the correct measurement of current-voltage characteristics of large
area interdigitated back contacted solar cells. Additionally, our findings can also be applied to the measurements of
back contacted solar cells with different architectures. In the present contribution we show that by fine tuning the
measurement chuck alone the measured absolute energy conversion efficiency of the ZEBRA cell under steady
illumination conditions increases by at least half of a percentage point, with a “gain” in the measured power
exceeding three percentage points. This is due to a correct measurement of the fill factor.