cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Finite entanglement entropy and spectral dimension in quantum gravity
Creators: name: Arzano, Michele
name: Calcagni, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: What are the conditions on a field theoretic model leading to a finite entanglement entropy density? We prove two very general results: 1) Ultraviolet finiteness of a theory does not guarantee finiteness of the entropy density; 2) If the spectral dimension of the spatial boundary across which the entropy is calculated is non-negative at all scales, then the entanglement entropy cannot be finite. These conclusions, which we verify in several examples, negatively affect all quantum-gravity models, since their spectral dimension is always positive. Possible ways out are considered, including abandoning the definition of the entanglement entropy in terms of the boundary return probability or admitting an analytic continuation (not a regularization) of the usual definition. In the second case, one can get a finite entanglement entropy density in multi-fractional theories and causal dynamical triangulations.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures. v2: references added, cosmetic changes, figure improved; v3: extension of the theorem to positive values of the spectral dimension, new discussion on an analytic continuation of the definition of entanglement entropy, new figure added; v4: minor typos corrected, matches published version
Subcritical thermal convection of liquid metals in a rapidly rotating sphere
Creators: name: Kaplan, E. J.
name: Schaeffer, N.
name: Vidal, J.
name: Cardin, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planetary cores consist of liquid metals (low Prandtl number $Pr$) that convect as the core cools. Here we study nonlinear convection in a rotating (low Ekman number $Ek$) planetary core using a fully 3D direct numerical simulation. Near the critical thermal forcing (Rayleigh number $Ra$), convection onsets as thermal Rossby waves, but as the $Ra$ increases, this state is superceded by one dominated by advection. At moderate rotation, these states (here called the weak branch and strong branch, respectively) are smoothly connected. As the planetary core rotates faster, the smooth transition is replaced by hysteresis cycles and subcriticality until the weak branch disappears entirely and the strong branch onsets in a turbulent state at $Ek < 10^{-6}$. Here the strong branch persists even as the thermal forcing drops well below the linear onset of convection ($Ra=0.7Ra_{crit}$ in this study). We highlight the importance of the Reynolds stress, which is required for convection to subsist below the linear onset. In addition, the Péclet number is consistently above 10 in the strong branch. We further note the presence of a strong zonal flow that is nonetheless unimportant to the convective state. Our study suggests that, in the asymptotic regime of rapid rotation relevant for planetary interiors, thermal convection of liquid metals in a sphere onsets through a subcritical bifurcation.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
title: Downhole logging data and its suitability for cyclostratigraphy and time series analysis
Creators: name: Zeeden, Christian
name: Ulfers, Arne
name: Sardar Abadi, Mehrdad
name: Vinnepand, Mathias
name: Hesse, Katja
name: Leu, Katharina
name: Wonik, Thomas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Extensive borehole logging datasets are being gathered for commercial and scientific purposes, but studies exploring their full potential through applying time series analysis remain sparse. Typically, fast available logging data are relatively complete and may contain valuable paleoenvironmental information related to, amongst other signals, orbital forcing. Here, we briefly summarize the most relevant properties of borehole logging data and pitfalls in the context of time series analysis and cyclostratigraphy. In comparison to interpretation of data from core- or outcrop analysis, it is important to be aware of potential issues such as the effect of variation in borehole diameter and the influences of drilling fluids, and that presented logs may consist of merged results logged in several depth sections.
title: Constraining Volatile Element Loss Processes by Germanium Isotopic Investigations of Iron Meteorites
Creators: name: Wölfer, Elias
name: Burkhardt, Christoph
name: Kleine, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The concentrations of Ge and other moderately volatile elements (MVE) in iron meteorites vary by orders of magnitude, however, the origin of these variations is poorly understood and nebular as well as planetary processes have been proposed. To better constrain the origin(s) and process(es) of MVE depletion among planetary bodies, we measured the Ge concentrations and mass-dependent Ge isotopic compositions of a set of iron meteorites, using a newly developed Ge double-spike technique.

In total, three IAB, four IC, eight IIAB, five IID, nine IIIAB, and one IIIE iron meteorites were investigated. The Ge concentrations are consistent with reported literature data and range from ∼35 ppm for the IIIAB meteorites up to >300 ppm for the IAB irons. The Ge stable isotopic compositions of the analyzed samples, including the first Ge isotopic data for IC, IID, IIIAB, and IIIE irons, are relatively uniform (δ74/70Ge ≈ 1). There is no resolved within-group variability for most of the investigated groups. Only the IID and IIIAB irons seem to show some internal variability which, however, is neither attributable to fractional crystallization nor to cosmic ray exposure effects. Despite large variations of Ge concentrations, the different iron meteorite groups lack significant Ge isotopic variations among each other, but such variations would be expected for simple evaporative loss of Ge during magma degassing. As such, the new data for magmatic irons do not seem to support the idea that the volatile-depleted nature of their parent bodies is the result of planetary processes.
A Universe of Ultra-Diffuse Galaxies: Theoretical Predictions from $Λ$CDM Simulations
Creators: name: Rong, Yu
name: Guo, Qi
name: Gao, Liang
name: Liao, Shihong
name: Xie, Lizhi
name: Puzia, Thomas H.
name: Sun, Shuangpeng
name: Pan, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A particular population of galaxies have drawn much interest recently, which are as faint as typical dwarf galaxies but have the sizes as large as $L^*$ galaxies, the so called "ultra-diffuse galaxie" (UDGs). The lack of tidal features of UDGs in dense environments suggests that their host halos are perhaps as massive as that of the Milky Way. On the other hand, galaxy formation efficiency should be much higher in the halos of such masses. Here we use the model galaxy catalog generated by populating two large simulations: the Millennium-II cosmological simulation and Phoenix simulations of 9 big clusters with the semi-analytic galaxy formation model. This model reproduces remarkably well the observed properties of UDGs in the nearby clusters, including the abundance, profile, color, and morphology, etc. We search for UDG candidates using the public data and find 2 UDG candidates in our Local Group and 23 in our Local Volume, in excellent agreement with the model predictions. We demonstrate that UDGs are genuine dwarf galaxies, formed in the halos of $\sim 10^{10}M_{\odot}$. It is the combination of the late formation time and high-spins of the host halos that results in the spatially extended feature of this particular population. The lack of tidal disruption features of UDGs in clusters can also be explained by their late infall-time.
description: Revised to match the version accepted by MNRAS; we add discussions on outflow model and UDG morphology; welcome comments
Bicultural Ethnic Identity and Grade Point Average for Second-Generation Latinx Immigrants
Creators: name: Stevens, Kate
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: bicultural
subject: ethnic identity
subject: Latinx
subject: grade point average
subject: biculturalism
subject: second-generation immigrant

description: This cross-sectional investigation examined the relationship between bicultural ethnic identity and academic outcomes for second-generation Latinx immigrants. Extant literature suggests that this population faces unique challenges in the American school system. In particular, experiences with discrimination may negatively affect both ethnic identity formation and academic achievement (Suárez-Orozco & Suárez-Orozco, 2001). To further explore this, this investigation utilized data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey (CILS) (Portes & Rumbaut, 2007) and hierarchical linear modeling to address the following research question: Does a bicultural ethnic identity correlate with second-generation Latinx students’ grade point average? This investigation explored how multiple covariates of interest, including students’ nationality and experience with discrimination, predicted second-generation Latinx students’ grade point average. This study addressed a gap in the existing bicultural ethnic identity literature with the creation of a Bicultural Ethnic Identity Construct, which utilized a combination of ethnic identity and language survey item responses to measure respondents’ biculturalism. There was no statistically significant relationship between bicultural ethnic identity and grade point average for second-generation Latinx immigrants. However, findings from this study revealed that students who experienced discrimination and had bicultural ethnic identities were more likely to have higher GPAs than those students who experienced discrimination and had less bicultural ethnic identities. In addition, there was a statistically significant and positive relationship between bicultural ethnic identity and GPA for students who identified as “Hispanic.” Future research should examine the longitudinal relationship between bicultural ethnic identity and academic outcomes.
title: Timing and conditions for peak metamorphism in Isua (Western Greenland)
Creators: name: Eskesen, Benjamin Chaim Fievé
name: Fassmer, Kathrin
name: Münker, Carsten
name: Ulrich, Thomas
name: Szilas, Kristoffer
name: Nagel, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
We present a Lu-Hf-garnet-amphibole-whole rock age of 2.59 ± 0.11 Ga for a carbonaceous garnet-hornblende-mica schist from the Isua supracrustal belt (western Greenland). Petrological data indicate prograde garnet growth towards regional peak-metamorphism at amphibolite-facies conditions. Mylonitic foliation in the sample formed at least partly during and after garnet growth. The sample does not show any hints of earlier metamorphism. These results cast doubt on the accepted concept that peak metamorphism and associated deformation in the Isua supracrustal belt are attributed to Eoarchean tectonics. This is remarkable as deformation style and metamorphism have been viewed as reflecting intense horizontal accretion or even subduction and are the one of pillars, on which models of early plate tectonics rest.
British Gallup Poll CQ 330A
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Daniel Steel performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); best party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); failures of government (4); Labor politicians (30); Labor party (12); inflation (1); issues of unemployment (5); government's price & income policy (11); book purchases (35); sewing machine (4).
title: Latest analytical developments of the SwissSIMS Lausanne
Creators: name: Marin Carbonne, Johanna
name: Bouvier, Anne-Sophie
name: Bloch, Elias
name: Rubatto, Daniela
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The SwissSIMS is a national facility equipped with a Cameca 1280 HR2 installed at the University of Lausanne, which is open to all scientists. Here we present the latest analytical developments that allow the measurement of smaller mineral grains and of high resolution depth profiles. Depth profiles of Ti concentration in experimental zircon have revealed that diffusion parallel to the crystallographic c-axis is 4-5 order of magnitude faster than perpendicular to the c-axis. This study has important implications for Ti in zircon thermometer. We will also present latest results on Cl isotope in melt inclusions that provide new insights on element recycling in subduction zones. Fe isotope compositions of micropyrites from ancient and modern microbialites can be thus used as a biosignatures of Fe microbial reduction but also emphasize that pyrite formation record very local conditions. Perspectives on future analytical developments at the SwissSIMS will be also provided.
Random Electric Field Instabilities of Relaxor Ferroelectrics
Creators: name: Arce-Gamboa, J. R.
name: Guzmán-Verri, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relaxor ferroelectrics are complex oxide materials which are rather unique to study the effects of compositional disorder on phase transitions. Here, we study the effects of quenched cubic random electric fields on the lattice instabilities that lead to a ferroelectric transition and show that, within a microscopic model and a statistical mechanical solution, even weak compositional disorder can prohibit the development of long-range order and that a random field state with anisotropic and power-law correlations of polarization emerges from the combined effect of their characteristic dipole forces and their inherent charge disorder. We compare and reproduce several key experimental observations in the well- studied relaxor PbMg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$O$_3$-PbTiO$_3$.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
title: Three years communicating geosciences in social networks: Divulgacion Terrologa
Creators: name: Martinez Abarca, Luis Rodrigo
name: García León, Sandra
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Social networks have become important communication bridges between the scientific community and society. For this reason, on June 11, 2019, “Divulgacion Terrologa” was created. This is a Facebook and Instagram site in spanish whose objective is to accurately and clearly disclose the different processes that intervene in the dynamics of our planet. In this initiative, periodic publications are made about the different terrestrial spheres. In addition, we promote the research work of undergraduate and postgraduate geoscientists in the "Young Researchers Wednesday" section. Likewise, in the “Geoscientists in Action” section, we disseminate the work activities of geoscientists from outside the academy. On Facebook as of May 31, 2022, about 360 posts have been made. Total followers are 5200, however, the average number of people reached per post is 2200. The most viewed post reached nearly 60 thousand views. 49% of the followers are women while 51% are men. The followers of the page reside in Latin America, the United States and Europe. Our publications have been translated into English, French and German. The results obtained during this time suggest the importance of science communication in the imparting of Earth Sciences.
Universal entrainment mechanism governs contact times with motile cells
Creators: name: Mathijssen, Arnold
name: Jeanneret, Raphaël
name: Polin, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Contact between particles and motile cells underpins a wide variety of biological processes, from nutrient capture and ligand binding, to grazing, viral infection and cell-cell communication. The window of opportunity for these interactions is ultimately determined by the physical mechanism that enables proximity and governs the contact time. Jeanneret et al. (Nat. Comm. 7: 12518, 2016) reported recently that for the biflagellate microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii contact with microparticles is controlled by events in which the object is entrained by the swimmer over large distances. However, neither the universality of this interaction mechanism nor its physical origins are currently understood. Here we show that particle entrainment is indeed a generic feature for microorganisms either pushed or pulled by flagella. By combining experiments, simulations and analytical modelling we reveal that entrainment length, and therefore contact time, can be understood within the framework of Taylor dispersion as a competition between advection by the no slip surface of the cell body and microparticle diffusion. The existence of an optimal tracer size is predicted theoretically, and observed experimentally for C. reinhardtii. Spatial organisation of flagella, swimming speed, swimmer and tracer size influence entrainment features and provide different trade-offs that may be tuned to optimise microbial interactions like predation and infection.
description: New analytical entrainment theory; includes Supplementary informations as Appendix; Supplementary movies available upon request
Near-field Cosmology with Roman and JWST
Creators: name: Kallivayalil, Nitya
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Surveys within the Milky Way and Nearby Galaxies

description: I will present results from the JWST Stellar Populations Early Release Science Program, and two HST Treasury programs that provides deep imaging, below the oldest main-sequence turn-off, for all presently known Milky Way and M31 dwarf galaxies. The data allow us to measure proper motions and hence construct orbital histories, measure morphologies (sizes and light profiles), and obtain star formation histories for these dwarfs, thereby addressing critical issues related to galaxy formation, cosmic reionization, and the nature of dark matter. First results include testing the prediction that hierarchical evolution occurs on all mass scales, i.e., that satellites of the Milky Way should also have companions; whether sizes of dwarf galaxies agree with predictions from cosmological simulations; and tantalizing evidence that star formation histories for dwarf galaxies associated with the Magellanic Cloud system are different from dwarf galaxies associated with the Milky Way. I will summarize our efforts to measure cross-observatory proper motions (HST-JWST-Gaia) and lessons and opportunities to extend these techniques to Roman.
Lepton Number Violation at Colliders from Kinematically Inaccessible Gauge Bosons
Creators: name: Ruiz, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reevaluate the necessity of $W_R$ gauge bosons being kinematically accessible to test the Left-Right Symmetric Model (LRSM) at hadron colliders. In the limit that $W_R$ are too heavy, resonant production of sub-TeV Majorana neutrinos $N$ can still proceed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) via the process $pp\rightarrow W_R^{\pm *}\rightarrow N \ell^\pm \to \ell^\pm \ell^\pm +nj $ if mediated by a far off-shell $W_R$. Traditional searches strategies are insensitive to this regime as they rely on momenta of final states scaling with TeV-scale $M_{W_R}$. For such situations, the process is actually kinematically and topologically identical to the direct production (DP) process $pp\rightarrow W_{\rm SM}^{\pm *} \rightarrow N \ell^\pm \rightarrow \ell^\pm \ell^\pm +nj$. In this context, we reinterpret $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV LHC constraints on DP rates for the minimal LRSM. For $m_N = 200-500$ GeV and right-left coupling ratio $κ_R = g_R/g_L$, we find $(M_{W_R} / κ_R) > {1.1-1.8}$ TeV at 95\% CLs. Expected sensitivities to DP at 14 (100) TeV are also recast: with $\mathcal{L}=1~(10)~\text{ab}^{-1}$, one can probe $(M_{W_R} / κ_R) < {7.9-8.9~(14-40)}$ TeV for $m_N = {100 - 700~(1200)}$ GeV. Findings in terms of gauge invariant dimension-six operators with heavy $N$ are also reported.
description: Published version. Minor typos, additional references. Results unchanged
Decoherence, discord and the quantum master equation for cosmological perturbations
Creators: name: Hollowood, T. J.
name: McDonald, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine environmental decoherence of cosmological perturbations in order to study the quantum-to-classical transition and the impact of noise on entanglement during inflation. Given an explicit interaction between the system and environment, we derive a quantum master equation for the reduced density matrix of perturbations, drawing parallels with quantum Brownian motion, where we see the emergence of fluctuation and dissipation terms. Although the master equation is not in Lindblad form, we see how typical solutions exhibit positivity on super-horizon scales, leading to a physically meaningful density matrix. This allows us to write down a Langevin equation with stochastic noise for the classical trajectories which emerge from the quantum system on super-horizon scales. In particular, we find that environmental decoherence increases in strength as modes exit the horizon, with the growth driven essentially by white noise coming from local contribution to environmental correlations. Finally, we use our master equation to quantify the strength of quantum correlations as captured by discord. We show that environmental interactions have a tendency to decrease the size of the discord and that these effects are determined by the relative strength of the expansion rate and interaction rate of the environment. We interpret this in terms of the competing effects of particle creation versus environmental fluctuations, which tend to increase and decrease the discord respectively.
title: Neoflabellina reticulata (Reuss 1851) – The Fossil of the Year 2022
Creators: name: Pint, Anna Charlotte
name: Frenzel, Peter
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The Paläontologische Gesellschaft (Palaeontological Association) has been awarding the title Fossil of the Year since 2008. Every year an important fossil is chosen to promote palaeontology in the public. This year, after presenting several vertebrate, invertebrate and plant fossils, a microfossil was selected for the first time. Arguments for the selection of the foraminifer Neoflabellina reticulata are:

-       Neoflabellina reticulata is a beautiful fossil.

-       Neoflabellina reticulata is an index fossil of the Maastrichtian, thus underlines the utility of microfossils in biostratigraphy. The Maastrichtian is the last stage of the Cretaceous and ends with the best known mass extinction event.

-       Neoflabellina reticulata lived in marine shelf environments below the storm wave base, i.e., it can be used as palaeoecological indicator.

-       Neoflabellina reticulata can be found in practically all chalk environments of the Maastrichtian and is documented from such well known sites as the chalk cliffs of Rügen island.

-       The first description of Neoflabellina reticulata was published by August Emil Reuss in 1851, in the period of the establishment of micropalaeontology as a science.

-       The locus typicus of Neoflabellina reticulata are the chalk marls of Lemberg, todays Lviv in Ukraine. This underlines the connectivity of science.

The Fossil of the Year was presented in a public lecture in the Pommersches Landesmuseum in Greifswald 22 May 2022. Here, we provide more information on our poster.
Scaling behaviour in random non-commutative geometries
Creators: name: Glaser, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Random non-commutative geometries are a novel approach to taking a non-perturbative path integral over geometries. They were introduced in arxiv.org/abs/1510.01377, where a first examination was performed. During this examination we found that some geometries show indications of a phase transition. In this article we explore this phase transition further for geometries of type $(1,1)$, $(2,0)$, and $(1,3)$. We determine the pseudo critical points of these geometries and explore how some of the observables scale with the system size. We also undertake first steps towards understanding the critical behaviour through correlations and in determining critical exponents of the system.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures (v2: updated after review)
Singular SPDEs in domains with boundaries
Creators: name: Gerencsér, Máté
name: Hairer, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study spaces of modelled distributions with singular behaviour near the boundary of a domain that, in the context of the theory of regularity structures, allow one to give robust solution theories for singular stochastic PDEs with boundary conditions. The calculus of modelled distributions established in Hairer (Invent. Math. 198, 2014) is extended to this setting. We formulate and solve fixed point problems in these spaces with a class of kernels that is sufficiently large to cover in particular the Dirichlet and Neumann heat kernels. These results are then used to provide solution theories for the KPZ equation with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions and for the 2D generalised parabolic Anderson model with Dirichlet boundary conditions. In the case of the KPZ equation with Neumann boundary conditions, we show that, depending on the class of mollifiers one considers, a "boundary renormalisation" takes place. In other words, there are situations in which a certain boundary condition is applied to an approximation to the KPZ equation, but the limiting process is the Hopf-Cole solution to the KPZ equation with a different boundary condition.
description: 53 pages, Minor revison
Admissible endpoints of gaps in the Lagrange spectrum
Creators: name: Gayfulin, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11J06

description: We call a positive real number $λ$ admissible if it belongs to the Lagrange spectrum and there exists an irrational number $α$ such that $μ(α)=λ$. Here $μ(α)$ denotes the Lagrange constant of $α$ - maximal real number $c$ such that $\forall \varepsilon>0$ the inequality $|α-\frac{p}{q}|\le\frac{1}{(c-\varepsilon)q^2}$ has infinitely many solutions for relatively prime $p$ and $q$. In this paper we establish a necessary and sufficient condition of admissibility of the Lagrange spectrum element and construct an infinite series of not admissible numbers.
description: 10 pages
Studies of $Zγ$ production in association with a high-mass dijet system in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of a $Z$ boson and a photon in association with a high-mass dijet system is studied using 20.2fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector in 2012 at the Large Hadron Collider. Final states with a photon and a Z boson decaying into a pair of either electrons, muons, or neutrinos are analysed. Electroweak and total $pp \to Zγj j$ cross-sections are extracted in two fiducial regions with different sensitivities to electroweak production processes. Quartic couplings of vector bosons are studied in regions of phase space with an enhanced contribution from pure electroweak production, sensitive to vector-boson scattering processes $VV \to Zγ$. No deviations from Standard Model predictions are observed and constraints are placed on anomalous couplings parameterized by higher-dimensional operators using effective field theory.
description: 32 pages plus author list + cover pages (50 pages total), 9 figures, 9 tables, submitted to JHEP, All figures including auxiliary figure s are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2015-21/
title: No unique temperature of equilibration for mantle peridotites - Thermal histories told by differently diffusing cations based on novel calibrations
Creators: name: Giatros, Vasileios
name: Kostopoulos, Dimitrios
name: Pomonis, Panagiotis
name: Moulas, Evangelos
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
We generated novel thermometric formulae for cation exchange reactions between mantle minerals involving species of different diffusivities (FeMg orthopyroxene-spinel; CrAl & CaMg clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene) and used them in conjunction with published expressions (FeMg olivine-spinel; CaMgFe clinopyroxene-orthopyroxene) to decipher the thermal history of peridotites from diverse tectonic settings. When tested on abyssal peridotites, TCrAlopx-cpx vs. TCaMgcpx-opx form tight trends with TCrAlopx-cpx ≥ TCaMgcpx-opx at T<1060oC and TCrAl opx-cpx ≤ TCaMgcpx-opx at T>1060oC in accordance with crossing diffusivities of Cropx and CaMgcpx at about that temperature, with the latter becoming smaller at higher temperatures and blocking higher as the peridotites are quickly emplaced and cooling at the ridge. Both TCrAlopx-cpx and TCaMgcpx-opx are higher than the widely used TCaFeMgcpx-opx in abyssal peridotites by ~100°C on average. On a TCrAlopx-cpx vs. TFeMgopx-sp plot there is clear-cut distinction between peridotite massifs (major ocean basins, oceanic forearcs, oceanic backarcs, ophiolites, ocean-continent transitions, Alpine-type) from peridotite xenoliths (cratons, intracontinental rifts, continental backarcs, active continental margins, oceanic within-plate) with TCrAlopx-cpx being invariably larger than TFeMgopx-sp for the peridotite massifs reflecting the blocking of the slower-diffusing cations at higher temperatures upon cooling. The higher TFeMgopx-sp exhibited by the xenoliths are ascribed to some, probably magmatic, heating event at a time prior to their transport to the surface. The Alpine-type peridotites of Beni Bousera, Morocco, that were exhumed in the footwall of a lithosphere-scale extensional shear zone display increasing TCrAlopx-cpx and TCaMgcpx-opx towards the shear zone but flat TCaFeMgcpx-opx, TFeMgopx-sp and TFeMgol-sp profiles demonstrating the memory of the slower-diffusing cations.
Is a Trineutron Resonance Lower in Energy than a Tetraneutron Resonance?
Creators: name: Gandolfi, S.
name: Hammer, H. -W.
name: Klos, P.
name: Lynn, J. E.
name: Schwenk, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present quantum Monte Carlo calculations of few-neutron systems confined in external potentials based on local chiral interactions at next-to-next-to-leading order in chiral effective field theory. The energy and radial densities for these systems are calculated in different external Woods-Saxon potentials. We assume that their extrapolation to zero external-potential depth provides a quantitative estimate of three- and four-neutron resonances. The validity of this assumption is demonstrated by benchmarking with an exact diagonalization in the two-body case. We find that the extrapolated trineutron resonance, as well as the energy for shallow well depths, is lower than the tetraneutron resonance energy. This suggests that a three-neutron resonance exists below a four-neutron resonance in nature and is potentially measurable. To confirm that the relative ordering of three- and four-neutron resonances is not an artifact of the external confinement, we test that the odd-even staggering in the helium isotopic chain is reproduced within this approach. Finally, we discuss similarities between our results and ultracold Fermi gases.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, version compatible with published letter
title: Contaminant mobilization from an abandoned polymetallic sulfide mine, Mt. Bobija, Serbia
Creators: name: Klose, Marie
name: Behrens, Ricarda
name: Mikutta, Christian
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
On top of Mt. Bobija, located in Western Serbia and mainly composed of silt- and limestone, outcrops of a massive triassian sulfide ore body with pyrite, sphalerite, galena, tetrahedrite, and barite mineralizations were mined until the late 20th century. Since then, waste-rock dumps located at 1100 m a.s.l. close to the mine were subject to weathering, potentially releasing harmful elements in dissolved or particulate form to downhill freshwater systems (Orovička reka) via erosion channels. In order to screen the distribution of pollutants and their speciation and evaluate the impact of the mine-waste dumps on downhill freshwater systems, sediment samples were taken along erosion channels up to 3800 m from the waste-rock dumps. The samples were air-dried, sieved <2 mm, and analyzed for their bulk chemistry and mineralogy using XRF spectrometry and XRD, respectively. Speciation of potential pollutants was investigated using the BCR sequential extraction method. Bulk chemistry data of waste-rock dumps showed high contents of Cu (247-7360 mg/kg), Pb (873-87360 mg/kg), and Zn (441-37520 mg/kg) as well as elevated concentrations of As (994-2344 mg/kg), Sb (844-2810 mg/kg), and Hg (350-1108 mg/kg). In this talk, we will specify (1) pollutant concentration trends along erosion channels, (2) the speciation of pollutants with increasing distance of the contamination source, and (3) the potential impact of Mt. Bobija mine wastes on downhill freshwater systems.
One shot entanglement assisted classical and quantum communication over noisy quantum channels: A hypothesis testing and convex split approach
Creators: name: Anshu, Anurag
name: Jain, Rahul
name: Warsi, Naqueeb Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Capacity of a quantum channel characterizes the limits of reliable communication through a noisy quantum channel. This fundamental information theoretic question is very well studied specially in the setting of many independent uses of the channel. An important scenario, both from practical and conceptual point of view, is when the channel can be used only once. This is known as the one-shot channel coding problem. We provide a tight characterization of the one-shot entanglement assisted classical capacity of a quantum channel. We arrive at our result by introducing a simple decoding technique which we refer to as position-based decoding. We also consider two other important quantum network scenarios: quantum channel with a jammer and quantum broadcast channel. For these problems, we use the recently introduced convex split technique [Anshu, Devabathini and Jain 2014] in addition to position based decoding. Our approach exhibits that the simultaneous use of these two techniques provides a uniform and conceptually simple framework for designing communication protocols for quantum networks.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, version 4: Improvement in the rate of shared entanglement required for the point to point channel in the asymptotic and i.i.d. setting, which matches the corresponding rate obtained in Bennett, Shor, Smolin, Thapliyal [2002]
title: Diffraction intensities of ordered omphacite, measured from precession electron diffraction
Creators: name: Miyajima, Nobuyoshi
name: Calvo, Lucas M.
name: Boffa Ballaran, Tiziana
name: Rustioni, Greta
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Cation ordering in minerals at high temperatures is important for understanding the metamorphic processes in the interior of the Earth. Omphacite, (Na0.5,Ca0.5)(Al0.5,Mg0.5)Si2O6 undergoes an order transition from C2/c to P2/n at about 865 °C. In the transition, the degree of Mg, Al order on two alternate M1 sites is coupled with the Ca, Na ordering on two alternate M2 sites to maintain local charge balance. The determination of diffraction intensities related with cation ordering in omphacite is, therefore, important to understand the kinetics of the cation ordering in omphacite and its thermal history in metamorphic rocks. Here we report the determination of diffraction intensities of an ordered omphacite by using precession electron diffraction (PsED) in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). An ordered omphacite (Jd39Hd4Acm1Di52) from a kyanite-free eclogite in the Münchberg Massif, Bavaria, Germany was investigated. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern of the omphacite is recorded on a CCD camera using a precession mode in TEM. To evaluate the degree of the cation ordering in omphacite, the intensities of the reflections with h + k = odd, e.g., (050) and h + k = even, (060) were integrated with a gaussian function. The obtained intensity ratio of 0.06(1) in the (050)/(060) reflections from the PsED was comparable with 0.067(5) of the single crystal X-ray diffraction data of the omphacite from the same rock. Using PsED in TEM, we measured pseudo-kinematical diffraction intensities of omphacite, resulted in evaluating the cation ordering state in omphacite at the submicrometer scale.
Host associated behavior, ecology, and fitness of the plum Curculio conotrachelus nenuphar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in peach and blueberry
Creators: name: Lampasona, Timothy Peter
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Conotrachelus nenuphar (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a frugivorous weevil native to eastern North America. In most of its range, it is considered an oligophagous species, mainly utilizing Rosaceous tree fruit as feeding and oviposition hosts. However, in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, C. nenuphar is also considered a significant pest of the Ericaceous host blueberry. Using blueberry as an oviposition site is a behavior only sporadically observed in the rest of C. nenuphar’s range. It was not known if this blueberry-utilizing population was behaviorally or physiologically distinct from the broader tree fruit-utilizing group, nor was it known if C. nenuphar host choice was mediated by natal host fidelity or preference-performance relationships. In this research, I compare these two groups’ behavior and development on different hosts. Our results show that New Jersey C. nenuphar in peach and blueberry disperse similarly, by moving from a wooded edge into the field interior, however C. nenuphar in peach may spend more time in the orchard border and move between the border and interior more freely. This behavioral observation may have implications for integrated pest management based on targeted insecticide applications. Behavioral and physiological results show that C. nenuphar exhibits some host fidelity to collected hosts. Both host groups preferred the odor of their collected host in olfactometer experiments, and both preferred to oviposit in that host when given a choice. When given no choice, blueberry C. nenuphar were able to utilize peach or blueberry equally well as oviposition sites. Peach C. nenuphar however, laid significantly fewer eggs on blueberry, even when no other host was available. Blueberry C. nenuphar larvae were found to have high fitness in either host, performing as well in peach as in their collected blueberry. However, peach C. nenuphar acted in accordance with the preference-performance hypothesis, experiencing a significant decrease in their larvae’s fitness when attempting to use blueberry as an oviposition host and avoiding it commensurately. Overall, our observations validated the hypothesis that blueberry and peach C. nenuphar are behaviorally and physiologically distinct in terms of host preference and larval survival but behaved similarly in their dispersal into hosts. In this thesis, we discuss these results, as well as the evolutionary implications thereof.
New electromagnetic memories and soft photon theorems
Creators: name: Mao, Pujian
name: Ouyang, Hao
name: Wu, Jun-Bao
name: Wu, Xiaoning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new type of electromagnetic memory. It is a `magnetic' type, or B mode, radiation memory effect. Rather than a residual velocity, we find a position displacement of a charged particle induced by the B mode radiation with memory. We find two types of electromagnetic displacement (ordinary and null). We also show that the null electromagnetic memory formulas are nothing but a Fourier transformation of soft photon theorems.
description: v2: interpretation improved and typos fixed, refs added
Stationary analysis of the shortest queue problem
Creators: name: Dester, Plinio S.
name: Fricker, Christine
name: Tibi, Danielle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J27, 60K25

description: A simple analytical solution is proposed for the stationary loss system of two parallel queues with finite capacity $K$, in which new customers join the shortest queue, or one of the two with equal probability if their lengths are equal. The arrival process is Poisson, service times at each queue have exponential distributions with the same parameter, and both queues have equal capacity. Using standard generating function arguments, a simple expression for the blocking probability is derived, which as far as we know is original. Using coupling arguments and explicit formulas, comparisons with related loss systems are then provided. Bounds are similarly obtained for the average total number of customers, with the stationary distribution explicitly determined on $\{K, \dots, 2K \}$, and elsewhere upper bounded. Furthermore, from the balance equations, all stationary probabilities are obtained as explicit combinations of their values at states $(0,k)$ for $0 \le k \le K$. These expressions extend to the infinite capacity and asymmetric cases, i.e., when the queues have different service rates. For the initial symmetric finite capacity model, the stationary probabilities of states $(0,k)$ can be obtained recursively from the blocking probability. In the other cases, they are implicitly determined through a functional equation that characterizes their generating function. The whole approach shows that the stationary distribution of the infinite capacity symmetric process is the limit of the corresponding finite capacity distributions. For the infinite capacity symmetric model, we provide an elementary proof of a result by Cohen which gives the solution of the functional equation in terms of an infinite product with explicit zeroes and poles.
title: River evolution in the Atacama Desert: comparisons of cosmogenic nuclide and molecular clock dating approaches
Creators: name: Binnie, Ariane
name: Ruiz, Ambrosio Vega
name: Victor, Pia
name: Lampert, Katrin P.
name: Reicherter, Klaus R.
name: Gonzalez, Gabriel
name: Evenstar, Laura
name: Binnie, Steven A.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The Atacama Desert in northern Chile is considered to be the driest, oldest desert on Earth. None-the-less, even the hyperarid core of this desert is host to several deeply incised, fluvially active river canyons. The history of these drainages is tied to the tectonic and climatic evolution of the region, however, the timing and hence the mechanisms driving canyon formation are poorly constrained.

We have used cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages to define the Quaternary incision history for the southern tributary of the Tiliviche River, which exits to the Pacific approximately 19.5°S. Ages from flights of fluvial fill-cut terraces at two separate locations are consistent and suggest this branch of the river formed shortly after 2 Myr ago by relatively slow fluvial incision. This slow incision persisted until around 300-400 kyr ago, whereupon rates of downcutting increased by around an order of magnitude.

In this contribution, we discuss how the timing of the Tiliviche River incision rate increase may relate to tectonic mechanisms, both local faulting and with regards to proposed increases in regional scale crustal uplift. We include exposure ages from several proximal sites and suggest linkages between these events and the Tiliviche River evolution. Lastly, our project aims to compare the results from cosmogenic nuclide dating with fluvial histories derived from the timing of amphipod speciation. Our initial results show that there is much potential in combining cosmogenic nuclide approaches with molecular clock dating and implies river evolution in this area is controlled by a common, regional-scale process.
Spoof surface plasmons guided by narrow grooves
Creators: name: Schnitzer, Ory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approximate description of surface waves propagating along periodically grooved surfaces is intuitively developed in the limit where the grooves are narrow relative to the period. Considering acoustic and electromagnetic waves guided by rigid and perfectly conducting gratings, respectively, the wave field is obtained by interrelating elementary approximations obtained in three overlapping spatial domains. Specifically, above the grating and on the scale of the period the grooves are effectively reduced to point resonators characterised by their dimensions as well as the geometry of their apertures. Along with this descriptive physical picture emerges an analytical dispersion relation, which agrees remarkably well with exact calculations and improves on preceding approximations. Scalings and explicit formulae are obtained by simplifying the theory in three distinguished propagation regimes, namely where the Bloch wavenumber is respectively smaller than, close to, or larger than that corresponding to a groove resonance. Of particular interest is the latter regime where the field within the grooves is resonantly enhanced and the field above the grating is maximally localised, attenuating on a length scale comparable with the period.