cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Purely radiative perfect fluids with degenerate shear tensor
Creators: name: Karimian, H. R.
name: Bergh, N. Van den
name: De Groote, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider non-rotating geodesic perfect fluid spacetimes which are purely radiative in the sense that the gravitational field satisfies the covariant transverse conditions div H = div E = 0. We show that when the shear tensor S is degenerate, H, E and S necessarily commute and hence the resulting spacetimes are hypersurface homogeneous of Bianchi class A (modulo some purely electric exceptions).
description: 8 pages, references added, typos corrected, simplified some algebraic manipulations
C+O detonations in thermonuclear supernovae: Interaction with previously burned material
Creators: name: Maier, A.
name: Niemeyer, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of explosion models for Type Ia Supernovae, we present one- and two-dimensional simulations of fully resolved detonation fronts in degenerate C+O White Dwarf matter including clumps of previously burned material. The ability of detonations to survive the passage through sheets of nuclear ashes is tested as a function of the width and composition of the ash region. We show that detonation fronts are quenched by microscopically thin obstacles with little sensitivity to the exact ash composition. Front-tracking models for detonations in macroscopic explosion simulations need to include this effect in order to predict the amount of unburned material in delayed detonation scenarios.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures, uses isotope.sty, accepted for publication in A&A
Single-frame far-field diffractive imaging with randomized illumination
Creators: name: Levitan, Abraham L.
name: Keskinbora, Kahraman
name: Sanli, Umut T.
name: Weigand, Markus
name: Comin, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We introduce a single-frame diffractive imaging method called randomized probe imaging (RPI). In RPI, a sample is illuminated by a structured probe field containing speckles smaller than the sample's typical feature size. Quantitative amplitude and phase images are then reconstructed from the resulting far-field diffraction pattern. The experimental geometry of RPI is straightforward to implement, requires no near-field optics, and is applicable to extended samples. When the resulting data are analyzed with a complimentary algorithm, reliable reconstructions which are robust to missing data are achieved. To realize these benefits, a resolution limit associated with the numerical aperture of the probe-forming optics is imposed. RPI therefore offers an attractive modality for quantitative X-ray phase imaging when temporal resolution and reliability are critical but spatial resolution in the tens of nanometers is sufficient. We discuss the method, introduce a reconstruction algorithm, and present two proof-of-concept experiments: one using visible light, and one using soft X-rays.
Moral hazards and humanitarian rackets : the case of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon
Creators: name: Farhat, Rayyar
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Refugees, Palestinian Arab Social conditionsLebanon
subject: Refugees, Palestinian Arab Moral and ethical aspectsLebanon
subject: Refugee camps Lebanon

description: The predominant scholarship on the Palestinian camps can be characterised as an activist literature which reinforces the humanitarian narrative that camps are places of victimisation. This tends to be an outcome of a number of factors. Firstly it represents the political commitment that many scholars profess towards the cause of the Palestinian refugees of Lebanon. Such a disposition involves the censoring of certain unsavoury facts which might challenge the cause for refugee rights. The invisibility of refugee economic agency in the dominant scholarly output is also a result of limited research methodology. Much of the scholarly output on the Palestinian refugee camps in Lebanon in recent years relies either on the interview method or focus group, both of which reinforce the refugee self-identification as victims in narrative based data collection. This thesis diverges greatly from the predominant scholarship by making visible the economic activities, through numerous anecdotes and case studies, which are routinely performed by refugees especially when interfacing with humanitarian agencies. It does this through utilsing ethnographic data garnered from participant observation and therefore represents data that has not been mediated through the translation of intermediaries. Although the Palestinian refugee camps are often portrayed as sites of crisis, it is unusual for scholars to also explore that they can be sites for the realisation of great economic opportunities and that we cannot focus on humanitarian problems without also understanding the fact that the very conditions which produce crisis are also the same conditions that provide economic profits to certain refugee groups. Under such conditions humanitarian logic not only hides refugee economic agency, but humanitarian assistance can exacerbate economic exploitation.
PT-PET imaging during arrhythmia ablation in porcine hearts using carbon ion beams
Creators: name: Helmbrecht, S.
name: Constantinescu, A.
name: Durante, M.
name: Endhardt, W.
name: Eichhorn, A.
name: Graeff, C.
name: Lehmann, I.
name: Lugenbiel, P.
name: Packer, D. L.
name: Prall, M.
name: Dierk, T.
name: Fiedler, F.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Skyrmion Qubits: Challenges For Future Quantum Computing Applications
Creators: name: Psaroudaki, Christina
name: Peraticos, Elias
name: Panagopoulos, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic nano-skyrmions develop quantized helicity excitations, and the quantum tunneling between nano-skyrmions possessing distinct helicities is indicative of the quantum nature of these particles. Experimental methods capable of non-destructively resolving the quantum aspects of topological spin textures, their local dynamical response, and their functionality now promise practical device architectures for quantum operations. With abilities to measure, engineer, and control matter at the atomic level, nano-skyrmions present opportunities to translate ideas into solid-state technologies. Proof-of-concept devices will offer electrical control over the helicity, opening a promising new pathway towards functionalizing collective spin states for the realization of a quantum computer based on skyrmions. This Perspective aims to discuss developments and challenges in this new research avenue in quantum magnetism and quantum information.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Reproducible immobilization for porcine heart irradiations
Creators: name: Prall, M.
name: Lehmann, H. I.
name: Constantinescu, A.
name: Simoniella, P.
name: Lundenbiel, P.
name: Richter, D.
name: Takami, M.
name: Eichhorn, A.
name: Erbeldinger, N.
name: Fournier, C.
name: Kaderka, R.
name: Anderle, K.
name: Helmbrecht, S.
name: Fiedler, F.
name: Debus, J.
name: Thomas, D.
name: Bert, C.
name: Durante, M.
name: Graeff, C.
name: Packer, D. L.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Bulk Comptonization of the Cosmic Microwave Background by Extragalactic Jets as a Probe of their Matter Content
Creators: name: Georganopoulos, Markos
name: Kazanas, Demosthenes
name: Perlman, Eric
name: Stecker, Floyd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method for estimating the composition, i.e. the relative amounts of leptons and protons, of extragalactic jets which exhibit X-ray bright knots in their kpc scale jets. The method relies on measuring, or setting upper limits on, the component of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation that is bulk-Comptonized by cold electrons in the relativistically flowing jet. These measurements, along with modeling of the broadband knot emission that constrain the bulk Lorentz factor of the jets, can yield estimates of the jet power carried by protons and leptons. We provide an explicit calculation of the spectrum of the bulk-Comptonized (BC) CMB component and apply these results to PKS 0637--752 and 3C 273, two superluminal quasars with Chandra-detected large scale jets. What makes these sources particularly suited for such a procedure is the absence of significant non-thermal jet emission in the `bridge', the region between the core and the first bright jet knot, which guarantees that most of the electrons are cold there, leaving the BC scattered CMB radiation as the only significant source of photons in this region. At lambda=3.6-8.0 microns the most likely band to observe the BC scattered CMB emission, the Spitzer angular resolution (~ 1''-3) is considerably smaller than the `bridges' of these jets (~10''), making it possible to both measure and resolve this emission.
description: to appear in the ApJ
Incoherent transport in a classical spin liquid
Creators: name: Wang, Yao
name: Wan, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energy and spin transport of the classical spin liquid hosted by the pyrochlore Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the large $S$ limit. Molecular dynamics calculation suggests that both the energy and spin diffusion constants approach finite limits as the temperature tends to zero. We explain our results in terms of an effective disorder model, where the energy/spin-carrying normal modes propagate in a quasi-static disordered spin background. The finite zero temperature limits of the diffusion constants are then naturally understood as a result of the finite mean free path of the normal modes due to the effective disorder.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures; minor corrections
Why Do T Tauri Disks Accrete?
Creators: name: Hartmann, Lee
name: D'Alessio, Paola
name: Calvet, Nuria
name: Muzerolle, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of T Tauri stars and young brown dwarfs suggest that the accretion rates of their disks scale strongly with the central stellar mass, approximately $\mdot \propto M_*^2$. No dependence of accretion rate on stellar mass is predicted by the simplest version of the layered disk model of Gammie (1996), in which non-thermal ionization of upper disk layers allows accretion to occur via the magnetorotational instability. We show that a minor modification of Gammie's model to include heating by irradiation from the central star yields a modest dependence of $\mdot$ upon the mass of the central star. A purely viscous disk model could provide a strong dependence of accretion rate on stellar mass if the initial disk radius (before much viscous evolution has occurred) has a strong dependence on stellar mass. However, it is far from clear that at least the most massive pre-main sequence disks can be totally magnetically activated by X-rays or cosmic rays. We suggest that a combination of effects are responsible for the observed dependence, with the lowest-mass stars having the lowest mass disks, which can be thoroughly magnetically active, while the higher-mass stars have higher mass disks which have layered accretion and relatively inactive or ``dead'' central zones at some radii. In such dead zones, we suggest that gravitational instabilities may play a role in allowing accretion to proceed. In this connection, we emphasize the uncertainty in disk masses derived from dust emission, and argue that T Tauri disk masses have been systematically underestimated by conventional analyses. Further study of accretion rates, especially in the lowest-mass stars, would help to clarify the mechanisms of accretion in T Tauri stars.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure, ApJ, in press
Radon diffusion through tissue
Creators: name: Baasner, J.
name: Maier, A.
name: Schardt, D.
name: Breckow, J.
name: Durante, M.
name: Fournier, C.
name: Kraft, G.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
The role of organizational and external factors on bank efficiency : a panel data study of Indonesian banks, 1993-2008
Creators: name: Simanjuntak, Jerry Marmen
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: HG3305.S56 2011
subject: Banks and banking Indonesia
subject: Financial institutions Indonesia

description: The main objectives of this study are to analyse the efficiency of Indonesian banks and examine the role of organizational and external factors on efficiency. The study was undertaken using a balanced panel data of 100 banks from 1993 to 2008. Four models of efficiency were specified based on two economic functions (cost and alternative profit) and two functional forms (the Translog and the Fourier-Flexible). The estimation was undertaken using a parametric approach, - stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) - under time-varying and truncated normal distribution conditions of the inefficiency components. Three outputs (aggregate loans, other earning assets and net off-balance-sheet incomes) and four prices of inputs (labour, funds, risk allowances and fixed assets) were specified as the main variables of the deterministic part of the SFA model. Six organization-specific (age, asset size, government ownership, foreign ownership, top management succession, involvement in foreign exchange businesses) and five external (market concentration, GDP per capita, inflation rate, exchange rate, interest/discount rate) factors are hypothesized to affect bank inefficiency and are incorporated in the stochastic part of the model. The results indicate bank age, succession, competition, GDP and interest rate positively affect efficiency, while government and foreign ownership, involvement in foreign exchange activities, bank size, inflation and exchange rate negatively affect efficiency. Comparing efficiency scores across periods indicates that efficiency was significantly lower during the crisis (1998-1999) period compared to the pre-crisis (1993-1997) and post-crisis (2000-2008) periods, whereas a comparison of bank types indicates that government-owned banks were significantly less efficient than private banks. Among private banks, there was no significant difference in inefficiency between foreign and domestic private banks. This research suggests that the Indonesian banking industry on the whole became more efficient over time, especially during the post crisis period. Keywords: Bank efficiency, Indonesia, financial crisis, stochastic frontier analysis. -- provided by Candidate.
Comparison of RBE-weighted doses for different ion types in various tissue type combinations
Creators: name: Grün, R.
name: Friedrich, T.
name: Krämer, M.
name: Zink, K.
name: Durante, M.
name: Engenhart-Cabillic, R.
name: Scholz, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Cytokine release and adhesion of immune cells to cardiac endothelial cells
Creators: name: Erbeldinger, N.
name: Liebig, M.
name: Dettmering, T.
name: Lowe, D.
name: Baselet, B.
name: Benotmane, R.
name: Tapio, S.
name: Raj, K.
name: Durante, M.
name: Fournier, C.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Validity analysis of the Single Ion approach for TLDs effectiveness calculations
Creators: name: Boscolo, D.
name: Scifoni, E.
name: Durante, M.
name: Rosso, V.
name: Krämer, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Most urgent risks and risk plan within the Easy Reading project
Creators: name: Derbring, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Project risk assessment

description: The aim of this deliverable is to perform a thorough risk assessment with focus on privacy, safety and ethics, to determine risks and potential issues that will need to be handled during the project.
 The risk assessment is divided into two main categories, risks related to the technology and risks related to the research carried out with peer researchers and participants. For each section, potential risks and their assessments are listed in tables.
Relative Kazhdan Property
Creators: name: de Cornulier, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22D10 (Primary), 22E50, 20G25, 22E40, 43A35 (Secondary)

description: We perform a systematic investigation of Kazhdan's relative Property (T) for pairs (G,X), where G a locally compact group and X is any subset. When G is a connected Lie group or a p-adic algebraic group, we provide an explicit characterization of subsets X of G such that (G,X) has relative Property (T). In order to extend this characterization to lattices of G, a notion of "resolutions" is introduced, and various characterizations of it are given. Special attention is paid to subgroups of SU(2,1) and SO(4,1).
description: 36 pages, no figure; to appear in Ann. Sci. Ecole Norm. Sup
Combined effects of ionizing radiation and cardio-active drugs on human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes
Creators: name: Frieß, J. L.
name: Heselich, A.
name: Ritter, S.
name: Layer, P. G.
name: Thielemann, C.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Safety, Privacy and Ethical Considerations Document
Creators: name: Derbring, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The aim of this deliverable is to formulate and discuss considerations for safety, privacy and ethics related to the project and its users. The deliverable builds upon the set of ethics requirements established in D8.2 and is closely related to the risk assessment in D8.3.
 The deliverable will have three main focuses. Firstly, the background on and the aims for the people of the target group will be described. Secondly, aims related to the research carried out in the project will be discussed in terms of ethics. Thirdly, aims in relation to the technology development and design will be in focus. The report will also discuss data collection and ethical regulations. Both research ethics and more general ethical considerations when developing for users with disabilities will be discussed.
Mechanical response of plectonemic DNA: an analytical solution
Creators: name: Clauvelin, N.
name: Audoly, B.
name: Neukirch, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We consider an elastic rod model for twisted DNA in the plectonemic regime. The molecule is treated as an impenetrable tube with an effective, adjustable radius. The model is solved analytically and we derive formulas for the contact pressure, twisting moment and geometrical parameters of the supercoiled region. We apply our model to magnetic tweezer experiments of a DNA molecule subjected to a tensile force and a torque, and extract mechanical and geometrical quantities from the linear part of the experimental response curve. These reconstructed values are derived in a self-contained manner, and are found to be consistent with those available in the literature.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Coherent beam combining with micro-lens arrays
Creators: name: Prossotowicz, Maike
name: Heimes, Andreas
name: Flamm, Daniel
name: Jansen, Florian
name: Otto, Hans-Jürgen
name: Budnicki, Aleksander
name: Killi, Alexander
name: Morgner, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel concept for coherent beam combining is presented based on a simple setup with microlens arrays. These standard components are used in a proof-of-principle experiment for both coherent beam splitting and combination of 5 x 5 beams. Here a combination efficiency above 90% is achieved. We call this novel concept mixed aperture.
description: Revised and accepted manuscript by Optics Letters, 5 pages, 7 figures, 1 visualization, see DOI
Expression of housekeeping markers in pluripotent or differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) in response to ionising radiation (IR)
Creators: name: Arrizabalaga, O.
name: Helm, A.
name: Hessel, P.
name: Durante, M.
name: Ritter, S.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Degenerate soliton solutions and their interactions in coupled Hirota equation with trivial and nontrivial background
Creators: name: Monisha, S.
name: Priya, N. Vishnu
name: Senthilvelan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct two kinds of degenerate soliton solutions, one on the zero background and another on the plane wave background for the coupled Hirota equation. In the case of zero background field, we derive positon solutions of various orders. We also study interaction dynamics between positon solutions through asymptotic analysis and show that the positons exhibit time dependent phase shift during collision. We also construct hybrid solutions which composed of positons and solitons and examine the interaction between higher order positon and multi-solitons in detail. From the interaction, we demonstrate that the occurrence of elastic and inelastic interaction between multi-solitons and higher order positons. Further, we construct bound states among solitons and positons for the coupled Hirota equation. In the case of plane wave background, we construct breather-positon solutions. For the coupled Hirota equation, the breather-positon solutions are being reported first time in the literature. From the breather-positon solutions, we bring out certain interesting collision dynamics between breather-positons and positons.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures
Protein-Mediated DNA Loops: Effects of Protein Bridge Size and Kinks
Creators: name: Douarche, Nicolas
name: Cocco, Simona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper focuses on the probability that a portion of DNA closes on itself through thermal fluctuations. We investigate the dependence of this probability upon the size r of a protein bridge and/or the presence of a kink at half DNA length. The DNA is modeled by the Worm-Like Chain model, and the probability of loop formation is calculated in two ways: exact numerical evaluation of the constrained path integral and the extension of the Shimada and Yamakawa saddle point approximation. For example, we find that the looping free energy of a 100 base pairs DNA decreases from 24 kT to 13 kT when the loop is closed by a protein of r = 10 nm length. It further decreases to 5 kT when the loop has a kink of 120 degrees at half-length.
description: corrected typos and figures, references updated; 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Training of Angolan scientific journal editors on international Open Access standards and editorial quality criteria: capacity building to undertake an Open Access strategy in the country
Creators: name: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
name: Ministério Do Ensino Superior, Ciência
name: Redalyc-Universidad Autónoma Del Estado De México
name: AmeliCA
name: Universidade Óscar Ribas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Access
Angola
Africa
Trainning on Open Access
Trainning on scientific communication
Capacity building

description: Work derived from the collaborative project among Redalyc UAEM, AmeliCA, MESCTI and U. Óscar Ribas funded by UNESCO for the development of an Open Access strategy in Angola. Vol. 22 of 38
Archie comics, literacy and pre-teen identity : a case study of L1 and L2 elementary students
Creators: name: Vanderheyden, Karen Joy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This study focuses on pre-teen's responses to a particular cultural form, the Archie comic book. The research is framed by two central questions: (1) In what ways does the reading of Archie comics among pre-teen Archie readers support their literacy in Ll and 12? and (2) What do pre-teens' responses to the Archie story, "Fairy Tale Land Revisited, " tell us about their identity and their ways of understanding the world? In regard to the second question, I am primarily interested in students' identities as gendered and as L l and L2 learners. In addition, I am investigating the ways in which this research could foster community building in the elementary classroom. Two theorists in particular, Krashen (1993) and Glasberg (1992), have made claims about Archie comics, specifically in relation to student learning. Krashen believes that comics like Archie are perfect for "hooking" students into reading since they are high interest/low vocabulary reading. In fact, he concludes that comics in general are linguistically appropriate, not detrimental to reading development, and conduits to book reading in many cases. Glasberg takes a more critical approach to these comics and examines the messages that are embedded in the discourse. He argues that Archie comics relay dangerous messages to pre-adolescents regarding sexual stereotypes. This qualitative study attempts to respond and move beyond these claims by exploring student responses to questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires were distributed to fifty-five pre-teen students. These students commented on their reading activities in general and responded to a particular Archie story. Out of the fifty-five students, thirty-four were categorized as Archie readers and filled out an additional section of the questionnaire in which they were asked to share their insights about these comics. In addition, twenty of these Archie readers were subsequently interviewed. The objective of the interviews was to gain a deeper understanding of pre-teen identity and specifically, to explore the extent to which insights about Archie comics could reveal the multiple identities of these readers. The findings point to the importance of popular cultural forms such as Archie comics in the lives of these pre-teens, both L I and L2. They indicate the ways in which these comics can support literacy for students. They also suggest that using comics in the classroom could be an effective tool for engaging children in a critical reflection of text, in particular the way that gender is constructed in stories. It is important to note that this study is part of an ongoing research project conducted by Dr. Bonny Norton, and therefore the use of the pronoun "we" in this thesis refers to Dr. Norton and me.
Thermodynamic interpretation of the scaling of the dynamics of supercooled liquids
Creators: name: Casalini, R.
name: Mohanty, U.
name: Roland, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently discovered scaling law for the relaxation times, tau=f(T,V^g), where T is temperature and V the specific volume, is derived by a revision of the entropy model of the glass transition dynamics originally proposed by Avramov [I. Avramov, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 262, 258 (2000).]. In this modification the entropy is calculated by an alternative route, while retaining the approximation that the heat capacity is constant with T and P. The resulting expression for the variation of the relaxation time with T and V is shown to accurately fit experimental data for several glass-forming liquids and polymers over an extended range encompassing the dynamic crossover. From this analysis, which is valid for any model in which the relaxation time is a function of the entropy. we find that the scaling exponent g can be identified with the Gruneisen constant.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
General Relativistic Effects on Hill Stability of Multi-Body Systems I: Stability of Three-Body Systems Containing a Massive Black Hole
Creators: name: Suzuki, Haruka
name: Nakamura, Yusuke
name: Yamada, Shoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of general relativistic gravity on the Hill stability, that is, the stability of a multi-body system against a close approach of one orbit to another, which has been hitherto studied mainly in Newtonian mechanics and applied to planetary systems. We focus in this paper on the three-body problem and extend the Newtonian analyses to the general relativistic regime in the post-Newtonian approximation. The approximate sufficient condition for the relativistic Hill stability of three-body systems is derived analytically and its validity and usefulness are confirmed numerically. In fact, relativity makes the system more unstable than Newtonian mechanics in the sense of the Hill stability as expected by our theoretical prediction. The criterion will be useful to analyze the results of large-scale N-body simulations of dense environments, in which the stability of three-body sub-systems is important.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Allocation of Transportation Costs to Users
Creators: name: Black, James E.
name: Pigman, Jerry G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The 1980 annual cost responsibility and user-generated revenue were determined for each vehicle class using Kentucky's highways. The incremental-cost method was selected as the procedure for assigning the responsibility for each component of the highway cost to the users. Generally, the method is based on the concept that each highway cost component can be subdivided into increments caused by vehicles of different types, sizes, and weights.  Annual costs for the highway system were based on construction, replacement or current value costs representing capital investment components of the highway. Those components were: 1) preliminary design and engineering, 2) right-of-way, 3) utilities 4) grade and drain, 5) pavements and shoulders, and 6) bridges. Allocation factors for the first three components were based entirely on vehicle-miles traveled. However factors for grade and drain, pavements and shoulders, and bridges were developed with cost increments based on variables such as highway type, vehicle type and weight, and pavement damage factors.  A comparison of cost responsibility and revenue generated revealed that automobiles and pickups paid 157 percent of their share, and trucks paid 54 percent of their share. In order to deal with the inequitable distribution of the cost burden to vehicle type, impacts of increasing the fuel surtax on trucks were presented.
Fully Attentional Networks with Self-emerging Token Labeling
Creators: name: Zhao, Bingyin
name: Yu, Zhiding
name: Lan, Shiyi
name: Cheng, Yutao
name: Anandkumar, Anima
name: Lao, Yingjie
name: Alvarez, Jose M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent studies indicate that Vision Transformers (ViTs) are robust against out-of-distribution scenarios. In particular, the Fully Attentional Network (FAN) - a family of ViT backbones, has achieved state-of-the-art robustness. In this paper, we revisit the FAN models and improve their pre-training with a self-emerging token labeling (STL) framework. Our method contains a two-stage training framework. Specifically, we first train a FAN token labeler (FAN-TL) to generate semantically meaningful patch token labels, followed by a FAN student model training stage that uses both the token labels and the original class label. With the proposed STL framework, our best model based on FAN-L-Hybrid (77.3M parameters) achieves 84.8% Top-1 accuracy and 42.1% mCE on ImageNet-1K and ImageNet-C, and sets a new state-of-the-art for ImageNet-A (46.1%) and ImageNet-R (56.6%) without using extra data, outperforming the original FAN counterpart by significant margins. The proposed framework also demonstrates significantly enhanced performance on downstream tasks such as semantic segmentation, with up to 1.7% improvement in robustness over the counterpart model. Code is available at https://github.com/NVlabs/STL.
The Hopf algebra structure of the Z$_3$-graded quantum supergroup GL$_{q,j}(1|1)$
Creators: name: Celik, Salih
name: Yasar, Ergün
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30, 17B37

description: In this work, we give some features of the Z$_3$-graded quantum supergroup.
Experimental Single-Copy Entanglement Distillation
Creators: name: Ecker, Sebastian
name: Sohr, Philipp
name: Bulla, Lukas
name: Huber, Marcus
name: Bohmann, Martin
name: Ursin, Rupert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phenomenon of quantum entanglement marks one of the furthest departures from classical physics and is indispensable for quantum information processing. Despite its fundamental importance, the distribution of entanglement over long distances trough photons is unfortunately hindered by unavoidable decoherence effects. Entanglement distillation is a means of restoring the quality of such diluted entanglement by concentrating it into a pair of qubits. Conventionally, this would be done by distributing multiple photon pairs and distilling the entanglement into a single pair. Here, we turn around this paradigm by utilising pairs of single photons entangled in multiple degrees of freedom. Specifically, we make use of the polarisation and the energy-time domain of photons, both of which are extensively field-tested. We experimentally chart the domain of distillable states and achieve relative fidelity gains up to 13.8 %. Compared to the two-copy scheme, the distillation rate of our single-copy scheme is several orders of magnitude higher, paving the way towards high-capacity and noise-resilient quantum networks.
description: 14 pages (8 main text, 6 appendix), 7 figures
$N=1$ trinification from dimensional reduction of $N=1$, $10D$ $E_8$ over $SU(3)/U(1)\times U(1)\times Z_3$ and its phenomenological consequences
Creators: name: Manolakos, George
name: Patellis, Gregory
name: Zoupanos, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an extension of the Standard Model that results from the dimensional reduction of the $\mathcal{N}=1$, $10D$ $E_8$ group over a $M_4 \times B_0/ \mathbf{Z}_3 $ space, where $B_0$ is the nearly-Kähler manifold $SU(3)/U(1) \times U(1)$ and $\mathbf{Z}_3$ is a freely acting discrete group on $B_0$. Using the Wilson flux breaking mechanism we are left in four dimensions with an $\mathcal{N}=1$ $SU(3)^3$ gauge theory. Below the unification scale we have a two Higgs doublet model in a split-like supersymmetric version of the Standard Model, which yields third generation quark and light Higgs masses within the experimental limits and predicts the LSP $\sim $ 1500 $GeV$.
description: 14 pages, to be published in Physics Letters B
Two-Photon Excitation of Low-Lying Electronic Quadrupole States in Atomic Clusters
Creators: name: Nesterenko, V. O.
name: Reinhard, P. -G.
name: Halfmann, T.
name: Pavlov, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple scheme of population and detection of low-lying electronic quadrupole modes in free small deformed metal clusters is proposed. The scheme is analyzed in terms of the TDLDA (time-dependent local density approximation) calculations. As test case, the deformed cluster $Na^+_{11}$ is considered. Long-living quadrupole oscillations are generated via resonant two-photon (two-dipole) excitation and then detected through the appearance of satellites in the photoelectron spectra generated by a probe pulse. Femtosecond pump and probe pulses with intensities $I = 2\cdot 10^{10} - 2\cdot 10^{11} W/cm^2$ and pulse duration $T = 200 - 500$ fs are found to be optimal. The modes of interest are dominated by a single electron-hole pair and so their energies, being combined with the photoelectron data for hole states, allow to gather new information about mean-field spectra of valence electrons in the HOMO-LUMO region. Besides, the scheme allows to estimate the lifetime of electron-hole pairs and hence the relaxation time of electronic energy into ionic heat.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Analysis of Blockchain Integration in the e-Healthcare Ecosystem
Creators: name: Ouaguid, Abdellah
name: Hanine, Mohamed
name: Chiba, Zouhair
name: Abghour, Noreddine
name: Ghazal, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: No one can dispute the disruptive impact of blockchain technology, which has long been considered one of the major revolutions of contemporary times. Its integration into the healthcare ecosystem has helped overcome numerous difficulties and constraints faced by healthcare systems. This has been notably demonstrated in the meticulous management of electronic health records (EHR) and their access rights, as well as in its capabilities in terms of security, scalability, flexibility, and interoperability with other systems. This article undertakes the study and analysis of the most commonly adopted approaches in healthcare data management systems using blockchain technology. An evaluation is then conducted based on a set of observed common characteristics, distinguishing one approach from the others. The results of this analysis highlight the advantages and limitations of each approach, thus facilitating the choice of the method best suited to the readers' specific case study. Furthermore, for effective implementation in the context of e-health, we emphasize the existence of crucial challenges, such as the incomplete representation of major stakeholders in the blockchain network, the lack of regulatory flexibility to ensure legal interoperability by country, and the insufficient integration of an official regulatory authority ensuring compliance with ethical and legal standards. To address these challenges, it is necessary to establish close collaboration between regulators, technology developers, and healthcare stakeholders.
description: Accepted and presented at the 6th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technologies and Networking (CommNet), held in Rabat, Morocco, from December 11th to 13th, 2023. The paper is published in IEEE Xplore, and the corresponding link is available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10365182
title: Problem Identification for Highway Safety Plan
title: (FY 1983)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Crabtree, Joseph D.
name: Pigman, Jerry G.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: An annual highway safety program is proposed each year for the State of Kentucky in order to comply with Section 402, Title 23 of the United States code. This program includes the identification, programming, budgeting, and evaluation of safety projects. This report is the fourth in a series of annual reports which have been included as the problem identification portion of Kentucky's Annual Highway Safety Plan.  The approach used in this study involved identifying problem areas related to the 18 highway safety program standards with added emphasis placed on selected areas. This resulted in the analysis of 19 problem identification areas. Recommendations were made for programs which could serve as countermeasures for the highway safety problems identified and for studies to develop and evaluate such programs.
Towards Neural Programming Interfaces
Creators: name: Brown, Zachary C.
name: Robinson, Nathaniel
name: Wingate, David
name: Fulda, Nancy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is notoriously difficult to control the behavior of artificial neural networks such as generative neural language models. We recast the problem of controlling natural language generation as that of learning to interface with a pretrained language model, just as Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) control the behavior of programs by altering hyperparameters. In this new paradigm, a specialized neural network (called a Neural Programming Interface or NPI) learns to interface with a pretrained language model by manipulating the hidden activations of the pretrained model to produce desired outputs. Importantly, no permanent changes are made to the weights of the original model, allowing us to re-purpose pretrained models for new tasks without overwriting any aspect of the language model. We also contribute a new data set construction algorithm and GAN-inspired loss function that allows us to train NPI models to control outputs of autoregressive transformers. In experiments against other state-of-the-art approaches, we demonstrate the efficacy of our methods using OpenAI's GPT-2 model, successfully controlling noun selection, topic aversion, offensive speech filtering, and other aspects of language while largely maintaining the controlled model's fluency under deterministic settings.
description: 24 pages total (13 for main paper and references, 11 for Appendix 1), accepted for publication in Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 33 (NeurIPS 2020)
Metal Abundances of KISS Galaxies. IV. Galaxian Luminosity-Metallicity Relations in the Optical and Near-IR
Creators: name: Salzer, John J.
name: Lee, Janice C.
name: Melbourne, Jason
name: Hinz, Joannah L.
name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
name: Jangren, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the galaxian luminosity-metallicity (L-Z) relationship in both the optical and the near-IR using a combination of optical photometric and spectroscopic observations from the KPNO International Spectroscopic Survey (KISS) and near-infrared photometry from the Two-micron All Sky Survey (2MASS). We supplement the 2MASS data with our own NIR photometry for a small number of lower-luminosity ELGs that are under-represented in the 2MASS database. Our B-band L-Z relationship includes 765 star-forming KISS galaxies with coarse abundance estimates from our follow-up spectra, while the correlation with KISS and 2MASS yields a total of 420 galaxies in our J-band L-Z relationship. We explore the effect that changing the correlation between the strong-line abundance diagnostic R_23 and metallicity has on the derived L-Z relation. We find that the slope of the L-Z relationship decreases as the wavelength of the luminosity bandpass increases. We interpret this as being, at least in part, an effect of internal absorption in the host galaxy. Furthermore, the dispersion in the L-Z relation decreases for the NIR bands, suggesting that variations in internal absorption contribute significantly to the observed scatter. We propose that our NIR L-Z relations are more fundamental than the B-band relation, since they are largely free of absorption effects and the NIR luminosities are more directly related to the stellar mass of the galaxy than are the optical luminosities.
description: 22 pages, including 6 figures and 6 tables. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (20 May 2005 issue)
Triaxial Compression and Permeability Tests on Dense Graded Aggregate
Creators: name: Allen, David L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Fifty-six dense-graded aggregate samples of crushed limestone were received from the Division of Materials. Triaxial tests and permeability tests were to be performed.  The samples were obtained from seven sources with four gradations (fine, medium, coarse, and gap) from each source and two samples of each gradation. One of the samples of each gradation was to be compacted by standard compactive effort (AASHTO T-99) and the other at modified compactive effort (AASHTO T-180). The seven sources and their identification codes are as follows:      Martin - Marietta (59)     Hopkinsville Stone (150)     Nally - Hayden (112)     Harrod - Carter (51)     Reed Crushed Stone (3)     Madusa Aggregate - Butler (64)     Madusa Aggregate - Bardstown (41)  In addition to the original 56 samples, six blended samples were later received. Four were identical blends of gravel and crushed limestone from Maysville Dredging (33) and Dravo Limestone (162). The remaining two samples were limestone blends from Lexington Quarry (73) and Dravo Limestone (162).  No information was received concerning the percent of the various size fractions in the different gradations. The optimum moisture content for each gradation was supplied by the Division of Materials.