cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Anbahnung wissenschaftlichen Denkens mittels forschungsorientierten Lernens - Konzeption und Evaluation eines außerschulischen naturwissenschaftlichen Lernsettings
Creators: name: Langguth, Asem
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2025

description: Diese Forschungsarbeit untersucht, wie sich ein forschungsorientiertes außerschulisches Lernkonzept auf die Anbahnung des wissenschaftlichen Denkens (Scientific Reasoning) am Ende der Primarstufe auswirkt. Die breite Förderung von wissenschaftsmethodischen Kompetenzen nimmt einen relevanten Teil im Rahmen der naturwissenschaftlichen Grundbildung ein, die nach aktuellen Bildungsstudien weiterhin von hoher Relevanz ist. Schüler:innen erhalten durch das entwickelte Lernkonzept einen Zugang in naturwissenschaftliche Denk- und Arbeitsweisen, um bestehende Vorstellungen über den wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisgewinnungsprozess weiterzuentwickeln. Das Lernkonzept beinhaltet eine stufenförmige Anbahnung wissenschaftsmethodischer Kompetenzen durch ein niveaudifferenziertes Format, indem anfangs in einem angeleiteten forschungsorientierten Lernsetting Schwerpunkte naturwissenschaftlicher Arbeitsweisen gefördert werden. Im Verlauf des Lernkonzepts wird der Schwerpunkt um naturwissenschaftliche Denkweisen erweitert und der Öffnungsgrad in der forschungsorientierten Lernumgebung erhöht. Zur Evaluierung des Konzepts wurde eine Längsschnittstudie mit vier Messzeitpunkten mit einer Baseline-Vergleichsgruppe in einem Prä-Post-(Follow-Up)-Design mit Schüler:innen der 3. und 4. Jahrgangsstufe durchgeführt, um die Workshop-Teile auf verschiedenen Niveaustufen hinsichtlich der Kompetenz der ,Scientific Reasoning‘ zu untersuchen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass signifikante Effekte im Kompetenzzuwachs durch die Teilnahme am forschungsorientierten Lernkonzept zu verzeichnen sind. Im Vergleich zur Baseline-Vergleichsgruppe sind die Unterschiede signifikant, bei der die Leistungen in dieser Gruppe über den Erhebungszeitraum von fünf Monaten konstant geblieben sind. Die Teilgruppe an Schüler:innen mit einer niedrigen Ausgangslage hinsichtlich des Leistungsniveaus haben eine höhere Zunahme im Trendverlauf der vier Messzeitpunkte erfahren. Demzufolge kann das entwickelte Lernkonzept geeignet sein, um in heterogenen Lerngruppen, wie sie im Schulunterricht vorzufinden sind, wissenschafts-
methodische Kompetenzen frühzeitig zu fördern. Diese Forschungsarbeit liefert einen Beitrag zur frühzeitigen außerschulischen Anbahnung wissenschaftsmethodischer Kompetenzen, die zur Teilhabe in einer Wissensgesellschaft von hoher Relevanz sind.
China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment and International Investment Law
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
name: Nolan, Michael D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Law and economics
subject: Investments, Foreign--Law and legislation
subject: Developing countries
subject: Investments--Law and legislation
subject: Investments, Foreign
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: As China’s outward foreign direct investment (FDI) has grown, its approach to international investment agreements (IIAs) has changed. China is now one of the world’s most important outward investors, with Chinese FDI facing widespread criticism. The challenge for China is to adapt to this new configuration of interests stemming from these developments, both in terms of its national policies and the contents of its IIAs. In so doing, it is likely to influence, perhaps significantly, the further evolution of international investment law. This article deals briefly with the salient features of China’s outward FDI and the policies that support it (Section A); the perception and reception of China’s outward FDI in key host countries (Section B); and the changing nature of the country’s approach to international investment treaties (Section C). The article concludes (Section D) with a brief review and outlook.
Domain-wall dynamics in translationally noninvariant nanowires: theory and applications
Creators: name: Tretiakov, O. A.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Abanov, Ar.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize domain-wall dynamics to the case of translationally noninvariant ferromagnetic nanowires. The obtained equations of motion make the description of the domain-wall propagation more realistic by accounting for the variations along the wire, such as disorder or change in the wire shape. We show that the effective equations of motion are very general and do not depend on the model details. As an example of their use, we consider an hourglass-shaped nanostrip in detail. A transverse domain wall is trapped in the middle and has two stable magnetization directions. We study the switching between the two directions by short current pulses. We obtain the exact time dependence of the current pulses required to switch the magnetization with the minimal Ohmic losses per switching. Furthermore, we find how the Ohmic losses per switching depend on the switching time for the optimal current pulse. As a result, we show that as a magnetic memory this nanodevice can be $10^5$ times more energy efficient than the best modern devices.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, update to published version
Aboriginal women's experiences of accessing healthcare when state apprehension of children is being threatened
Creators: name: Denison, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Background: Canadian Aboriginal children continue to be apprehended at a higher rate than non-Aboriginal children. Aboriginal mothers, who face significant social, political and economic disadvantage, are often under considerable scrutiny in relation to their parenting. Little is known about how the threat of child apprehension impacts the experiences of Aboriginal women accessing healthcare services. Therefore a study was undertaken to examine women’s perspectives on accessing health care when child apprehension is threatened. Methods: The study was guided by post-colonial feminist perspectives and followed the principles of exploratory, qualitative research design. Data collection and data analysis were carried out in two phases. Phase One involved a secondary analysis, using narrative interview data collected from a larger study (n=7). Phase One findings were used primarily to modify the interview guides developed for Phase Two. In Phase Two primary, face-to-face interviews were conducted with (i) Aboriginal women (N=9) and (ii) health care providers (n=8). Data was analyzed following the principles of thematic analysis and interpretive description. Findings: The findings indicated that women involved in the child protection system often experience complex socio-political and economic life challenges. The threat or fear of child apprehension did not impact the women’s decisions to seek medical services for their children; however the threat and fear impacted the women’s experiences with mainstream healthcare in a number of ways. Racism, prejudice, and discrimination within mainstream healthcare agencies along with the fear of child apprehension influenced the women’s decisions to access healthcare for themselves and impacted the women’s interactions with mainstream health care providers. In particular, women avoided engaging with health care providers when their children were hospitalized in part to protect themselves from judgment and discrimination. Discussion: Ongoing racism, judgment and discrimination toward Aboriginal mothers in mainstream healthcare agencies must be addressed. Health care providers working with Aboriginal people require education around culturally safe approaches to care and the history of colonialism and its effects on the health and well-being of Aboriginal people. Structural inequities such as poverty and discrimination must also be addressed through policy initiatives that attend to the social determinants of health.
China, the G20 and the International Investment Regime
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Law and economics
subject: Investments, Foreign--Law and legislation
subject: Developing countries
subject: Investments--Law and legislation
subject: Group of Twenty
subject: Investments, Foreign
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: China has become a major home country for outward foreign direct investment (FDI) flows. As a result, the country is increasingly concerned with protecting its outward FDI and facilitating the operations of its firms investing abroad and creating a strong universal international investment law and policy regime. This article reviews briefly the emergence of China as an outward investor. It continues with an analysis of some policy issues related to the rise of FDI from emerging markets. A brief discussion of issues central to the future of the international investment law and policy regime follows, before focusing on several outcomes that could be pursued under China’s G20 leadership: non-binding shared principles that could outline the architecture of a universal framework on international investment; an international support program for sustainable investment facilitation; and the creation of an additional intergovernmental platform that would allow for a continued systematic intergovernmental process to discuss the range of issues related to the governance of international investment, preferably paralleled by an informal, inclusive and result-oriented consensus-building process that takes place outside intergovernmental settings.
Structure of Fat Jets at the Tevatron and Beyond
Creators: name: Almeida, Leandro G.
name: Alon, Raz
name: Spannowsky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boosted resonances is a highly probable and enthusiastic scenario in any process probing the electroweak scale. Such objects when decaying into jets can easily blend with the cornucopia of jets from hard relative light QCD states. We review jet observables and algorithms that can contribute to the identification of highly boosted heavy jets and the possible searches that can make use of such substructure information. We also review previous studies by CDF on boosted jets and its measurements on specific jet shapes.
description: invited review for a special "Top and flavour physics in the LHC era" issue of The European Physical Journal C, we invite comments regarding contents of the review; v2 added references and institutional preprint numbers
title: Johann Franz Griendel von Ach O.F.M.
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Johann Franz Griendel von Ach O.F.M. as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Claudio Filippo Grimaldi S.J.
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Claudio Filippo Grimaldi S.J. as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Weight Perturbation Alters Leptin Signal Transduction in a Region-Specific Manner throughout the Brain
Creators: name: Morabito, Michael V.
name: Ravussin, Yann
name: Mueller, Bridget R.
name: Skowronski, Alicja Anna
name: Watanabe, Kazuhisa
name: Foo, Kylie S.
name: Lee, Samuel X.
name: Lehmann, Anders
name: Hjorth, Stephan
name: Zeltser, Lori M.
name: LeDuc, Charles A.
name: Leibel, Rudolph L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Diet
Bioenergetics
Leptin
Biochemistry

description: Diet-induced obesity (DIO) resulting from consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) attenuates normal neuronal responses to leptin and may contribute to the metabolic defense of an acquired higher body weight in humans; the molecular bases for the persistence of this defense are unknown. We measured the responses of 23 brain regions to exogenous leptin in 4 different groups of weight- and/or diet-perturbed mice. Responses to leptin were assessed by quantifying pSTAT3 levels in brain nuclei 30 minutes following 3 mg/kg intraperitoneal leptin. HFD attenuated leptin sensing throughout the brain, but weight loss did not restore central leptin signaling to control levels in several brain regions important in energy homeostasis, including the arcuate and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei. Effects of diet on leptin signaling varied by brain region, with results dependent on the method of weight loss (restriction of calories of HFD, ad lib intake of standard mouse chow). High fat diet attenuates leptin signaling throughout the brain, but some brain regions maintain their ability to sense leptin. Weight loss restores leptin sensing to some degree in most (but not all) brain regions, while other brain regions display hypersensitivity to leptin following weight loss. Normal leptin sensing was restored in several brain regions, with the pattern of restoration dependent on the method of weight loss.
title: Ludwig Justus Sinold
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Ludwig Justus Sinold as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Discovery of the neutron star spin and a possible orbital period from the Be/X-ray binary IGR J05414-6858 in the LMC
Creators: name: Sturm, R.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Rau, A.
name: Bartlett, E. S.
name: Zhang, X. -L.
name: Schady, P.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Greiner, J.
name: Coe, M. J.
name: Udalski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of known Be/X-ray binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud is small compared to the observed population of the Galaxy or the Small Magellanic Cloud. The discovery of a system in outburst provides the rare opportunity to measure its X-ray properties in detail. IGR J05414-6858 was discovered in 2010 by INTEGRAL and found in another outburst with the Swift satellite in 2011. In order to characterise the system, we analysed the data from a follow-up XMM-Newton target of opportunity observation of the 2011 outburst and investigate the stellar counterpart with photometry and spectroscopy. We modelled the X-ray spectra from the EPIC instruments on XMM-Newton and compared them with Swift archival data. In the X-ray and optical light curves, we searched for periodicities and variability. The optical counterpart was classified using spectroscopy obtained with ESO's Faint Object Spectrograph at NTT. The X-ray spectra as seen in 2011 are relatively hard with a photon index of ~0.3-0.4 and show only low absorption. They deviate significantly from earlier spectra of a probable type II outburst in 2010. The neutron star spin period of P_s = 4.4208 s was discovered with EPIC-pn. The I-band light curve revealed a transition from a low to a high state around MJD 54500. The optical counterpart is classified to B0-1IIIe and shows Halpha emission and a variable NIR excess, vanishing during the 2010 outburst. In the optical high state, we found a periodicity at 19.9 days, probably caused by binarity and indicating the orbital period.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 10 pages, 12 figures
title: Philipp Ludwig Wenzel Graf von Sinzendorf
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Philipp Ludwig Wenzel Graf von Sinzendorf as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Ten Simple Rules to Enable Multi-site Collaborations through Data Sharing
Creators: name: Boland, Mary Regina
name: Karczewsk, Konrad J.
name: Tatonetti, Nicholas P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Reproducible research
Groupware (Computer software)
Open source software
Computer software--Development

description: Open access, open data, and software are critical for advancing science and enabling collaboration across multiple institutions and throughout the world. Despite near universal recognition of its importance, major barriers still exist to sharing raw data, software, and research products throughout the scientific community. Many of these barriers vary by specialty [1], increasing the difficulties for interdisciplinary and/or translational researchers to engage in collaborative research. Multi-site collaborations are vital for increasing both the impact and the generalizability of research results. However, they often present unique data sharing challenges. We discuss enabling multi-site collaborations through enhanced data sharing in this set of Ten Simple Rules.
Burden of malaria among adult patients attending general medical outpatient department and HIV care and treatment clinics in Oromia, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Alemayehu, Guda
name: Melaku, Zenebe
name: Abreha, Tesfay
name: Alemayehu, Bereket
name: Girma, Samuel
name: Tadesse, Yehualashet
name: Belachew, Tsigereda Gadisa
name: Lulseged, Sileshi
name: Balcha, Taye Tolera
name: Hoos, David
name: Teka, Hiwot
name: Reithinger, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Malaria
Infection
HIV infections
Public health

description: Background
Malaria and HIV/AIDS constitute major public health problems in Ethiopia, but the burden associated with malaria-HIV co-infection has not been well documented. In this study, the burden of malaria among HIV positive and HIV negative adult outpatients attending health facilities in Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia was investigated.

Methods
A comparative cross-sectional study among HIV-positive patients having routine follow-up visits at HIV care and treatment clinics and HIV-seronegative patients attending the general medical outpatient departments in 12 health facilities during the peak malaria transmission season was conducted from September to November, 2011. A total of 3638 patients (1819 from each group) were enrolled in the study. Provider initiated testing and counseling of HIV was performed for 1831 medical outpatients out of whom 1819 were negative and enrolled into the study. Malaria blood microscopy and hemoglobin testing were performed for all 3638 patients. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi square test and multivariate logistic regression.

Results
Of the 3638 patients enrolled in the study, malaria parasitaemia was detected in 156 (4.3 %); malaria parasitaemia prevalence was 0.7 % (13/1819) among HIV-seropositive patients and 7.9 % (143/1819) among HIV-seronegative patients. Among HIV-seropositive individuals 65.4 % slept under a mosquito bed net the night before data collection, compared to 59.4 % of HIV-seronegative individuals. A significantly higher proportion of HIV-seropositive malaria-negative patients were on co-trimoxazole (CTX) prophylaxis as compared to HIV-malaria co-infected patients: 82 % (1481/1806) versus 46 % (6/13) (P = 0.001). HIV and malaria co-infected patients were less likely to have the classical symptoms of malaria (fever, chills and headache) compared to the HIV-seronegative and malaria positive counterparts. Multivariate logistic regression showed that HIV-seropositive patients who come for routine follow up were less likely to be infected by malaria (OR = 0.23, 95 % CI = 0.09–0.74).

Conclusion
The study documented lower malaria prevalence among the HIV-seropositive attendants who come for routine follow up. Clinical symptoms of malaria were more pronounced among HIV-seronegative than HIV-seropositive patients. This study also re-affirmed the importance of co-trimoxazole in preventing malaria symptoms and parasitaemia among HIV- positive patients.
title: Raumbezogene Identität der Kroaten in der Slowakei
Creators: name: Kajabová, Terézia
Year: 2023

description: Die Kroaten in der Slowakei gehören zur Volksgruppe der Burgenländischen Kroaten, die sich im 16. Jahrhundert im Pannonischen Gebiet ansiedelten. Vor dem Hintergrund einer bewegten historischen Entwicklung und infolge eines langen Prozesses der Assimilierung an die Majoritätsgesellschaft gelten nur mehr vier Gemeinden in der Slowakei als kroatisch. Heute stellt die kroatische Volksgruppe eine der kleinsten Minderheiten in der Slowakei dar. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt in der Erforschung der raumbezogenen Identität der slowakischen Kroaten. Hierbei wird versucht, die identitätsstiftenden Merkmale ihrer Kultur aufzudecken und die Zukunftsperspektive ihrer Bewahrung unter dem intensiven Suburbanisierungs- und Assimilierungsprozess zu untersuchen. Es wird auch der Frage ihres inneren Zusammenhalts und der Partizipation am Gemeindeleben sowie den Interaktionen mit den restlichen Burgenländischen Kroaten nachgegangen. Zuletzt wird die potenzielle touristische Inwertsetzung der raumbezogenen Identität der slowakischen Kroaten beleuchtet.
description: The Croats in Slovakia belong to the Burgenland Croatian ethnic group that settled in the Pannonian region in the 16th century. Due to the eventful historical development and as a result of a long process of assimilation into the majority society, only four communities in Slovakia are now considered Croatian. Today the Croatian ethnic group represents one of the smallest minorities in Slovakia. The focus of the thesis is on research of the spatial identity of Slovak Croats. It attempts to uncover the identity-forming characteristics of their culture, as well as to examine the future prospects of its preservation under the intensive suburbanization and assimilation process. The question of their internal cohesion and participation in community life and interactions with the remaining Burgenland Croats is also examined. Finally, the potential tourism valorization of the spatial identity of Slovak Croats is examined, as well.
Enhancement of antiferromagnetic correlations below superconducting transition temperature in bilayer superconductors
Creators: name: Yoshizumi, Hiroyuki
name: Morinari, Takao
name: Tohyama, Takami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent experiment in multilayered cuprate superconductors reporting the enhancement of antiferromagnetic order below the superconducting transition temperature, we study the proximity effect of the antiferromagnetic correlation in a bilayer system and also examine the possibility of a coexistence of antiferromagnetic order and superconductivity. We present the result of mean field theory that is consistent with the experiment and supports the proximity effect picture.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, added Fig.6, some comments, and references
The cutoff method for the numerical computation of nonnegative solutions of parabolic PDEs with application to anisotropic diffusion and lubrication-type equations
Creators: name: Lu, Changna
name: Huang, Weizhang
name: Van Vleck, Erik S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M06, 35K51

description: The cutoff method, which cuts off the values of a function less than a given number, is studied for the numerical computation of nonnegative solutions of parabolic partial differential equations. A convergence analysis is given for a broad class of finite difference methods combined with cutoff for linear parabolic equations. Two applications are investigated, linear anisotropic diffusion problems satisfying the setting of the convergence analysis and nonlinear lubrication-type equations for which it is unclear if the convergence analysis applies. The numerical results are shown to be consistent with the theory and in good agreement with existing results in the literature. The convergence analysis and applications demonstrate that the cutoff method is an effective tool for use in the computation of nonnegative solutions. Cutoff can also be used with other discretization methods such as collocation, finite volume, finite element, and spectral methods and for the computation of positive solutions.
description: 19 pages, 41 figures
Bayesian model selection for testing the no-hair theorem with black hole ringdowns
Creators: name: Gossan, S.
name: Veitch, J.
name: Sathyaprakash, B. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: General relativity predicts that a black hole that results from the merger of two compact stars (either black holes or neutron stars) is initially highly deformed but soon settles down to a quiescent state by emitting a superposition of quasi-normal modes (QNMs). The QNMs are damped sinusoids with characteristic frequencies and decay times that depend only on the mass and spin of the black hole and no other parameter - a statement of the no-hair theorem. In this paper we have examined the extent to which QNMs could be used to test the no-hair theorem with future ground- and space-based gravitational-wave detectors. We model departures from general relativity (GR) by introducing extra parameters which change the mode frequencies or decay times from their general relativistic values. With the aid of numerical simulations and Bayesian model selection, we assess the extent to which the presence of such a parameter could be inferred, and its value estimated. We find that it is harder to decipher the departure of decay times from their GR value than it is with the mode frequencies. Einstein Telescope (ET, a third generation ground-based detector) could detect departures of <1% in the frequency of the dominant QNM mode of a 500 Msun black hole, out to a maximum range of 4 Gpc. In contrast, the New Gravitational Observatory (NGO, an ESA space mission to detect gravitational waves) can detect departures of ~ 0.1% in a 10^8 Msun black hole to a luminosity distance of 30 Gpc (z = 3.5).
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Q_6 flavor symmetry model for the extension of the minimal standard model by three right-handed sterile neutrinos
Creators: name: Araki, Takeshi
name: Li, Y. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extension of the minimal standard model by three right-handed sterile neutrinos with masses smaller than the electroweak scale (nuMSM) is discussed in a Q_6 flavor symmetry framework. The lightness of the keV sterile neutrino and the near mass degeneracy of two heavier sterile neutrinos are naturally explained by exploiting group properties of Q_6. A normal hierarchical mass spectrum and an approximately mu-tau symmetric mass matrix are predicted for three active neutrinos. Nonzero theta_{13} can be obtained together with a deviation of theta_{23} from the maximality, where both mixing angles are consistent with the latest global data including T2K and MINOS results. Furthermore, the tiny active-sterile mixing is related to the mass ratio between the lightest active and lightest sterile neutrinos.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, Title changed for publication, final version to appear in Phys. Rev. D 85, 065016 (2012)
Cumulative social risk exposure and risk of cancer mortality in adulthood
Creators: name: Caleyachetty, Rishi
name: Tehranifar, Parisa
name: Genkinger, Jeanine M.
name: Echouffo-Tcheugui, Justin B.
name: Muennig, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cancer--Mortality
Social classes
Risk--Social aspects
Public health

description: Background
Adults in the United States (U.S) can be simultaneously exposed to more than one social risk factor over their lifetime. However, cancer epidemiology tends to focus on single social risk factors at a time. We examined the prospective association between cumulative social risk exposure and deaths from cancer in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.

Methods
The study included 8745 adults (aged ≥ 40 years) in the NHANES Survey III Mortality Study over a median follow-up of 13.5 years (1988-1994 enrollment dates and 1988 through 2006 for mortality data). Social risk factors (low family income, low education level, minority race, and single-living status) were summed to create a cumulative social risk score (0 to ≥3). We used Cox proportional hazard models to estimate age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) for the association between cumulative social risk with deaths from all-cancers combined, tobacco-related cancers, and screening-detectable cancers.

Results
Deaths from all-cancers combined (P for trend = 0.001), tobacco-related cancers (P for trend = <0.001), and lung cancer (P for trend = 0.01) increased with an increasing number of social risk factors. As compared with adults with no social risk factors, those exposed to ≥3 social risk factors were at increased risk of deaths from all-cancers combined (HR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 1.3-2.4), tobacco-related cancers (HR = 2.6, 95 % CI: 1.6-4.0), and lung cancer (HR = 2.3, 95 % CI = 1.3-4.1).

Conclusions
U.S. adults confronted by higher amounts of cumulative social risk appear to have increased mortality from all-cancers combined, tobacco-related cancers, and lung cancer. An enhanced understanding of the cumulative effect of social risk factors may be important for targeting interventions to address social disparities in cancer mortality.
title: Anton von Sohler (Sohlern) zu Grorodt
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Anton von Sohler (Sohlern) zu Grorodt as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: The Short Term Effect of a Dental Health Fair on Children's Attitudes Toward Plaque Control, Fluorides, Nutrition, and Receiving Dental Treatment
Creators: name: Bethea, Sue Nell
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: The purpose of this investigation was to determine if a significant difference exists between dental health attitudes of children who are exposed to a dental health fair and children who are not exposed to a dental health fair. All consenting students, in grades four through six . from two Hampton public schools, completed a Dental Health Questionnaire designed to assess attitudes toward dental health. One day after the experimental group participated in the dental health fair, both groups were post-tested using the same questionnaire. Two weeks after the dental health fair, an identical posttest was readministered to both groups. Two-way multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between the attitudes of children exposed to the dental health fair and children not exposed to a dental health fair. No significant interaction was found between schools' dental health education programs and childrens' grade levels as measured by the Dental Health Questionnaire. The school-based dental health fair had a positive effect on the dental attitudes of children.
title: Heinrich Sollicoffre (Zollikofer)
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Heinrich Sollicoffre (Zollikofer) as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Genome-wide transcriptome profiling reveals functional networks involving the Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance transporters PfCRT and PfMDR1
Creators: name: Adjalley, Sophie H.
name: Scanfeld, Daniel
name: Kozlowski, Elyse
name: Llinás, Manuel
name: Fidock, David Armand
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Drug resistance
Cell physiology
Malaria
Plasmodium
Biochemistry

description: Background
The acquisition of multidrug resistance by Plasmodium falciparum underscores the need to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms so as to counter their impact on malaria control. For the many antimalarials whose mode of action relates to inhibition of heme detoxification inside infected erythrocytes, the digestive vacuole transporters PfCRT and PfMDR1 constitute primary resistance determinants.

Results
Using gene expression microarrays over the course of the parasite intra-erythrocytic developmental cycle, we compared the transcriptomic profiles between P. falciparum strains displaying mutant or wild-type pfcrt or varying in pfcrt or pfmdr1 expression levels. To account for differences in the time of sampling, we developed a computational method termed Hypergeometric Analysis of Time Series, which combines Fast Fourier Transform with a modified Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Our analysis revealed coordinated changes in genes involved in protein catabolism, translation initiation and DNA/RNA metabolism. We also observed differential expression of genes with a role in transport or coding for components of the digestive vacuole. Interestingly, a global comparison of all profiled transcriptomes uncovered a tight correlation between the transcript levels of pfcrt and pfmdr1, extending to dozens of other genes, suggesting an intricate regulatory balance in order to maintain optimal physiological processes.

Conclusions
This study provides insight into the mechanisms by which P. falciparum adjusts to the acquisition of mutations or gene amplification in key transporter loci that mediate drug resistance. Our results implicate several biological pathways that may be differentially regulated to compensate for impaired transporter function and alterations in parasite vacuole physiology.
Role of heat shock protein 27 and Lyn tyrosine kinase in regulation of androgen receptor expression and activity in prostate cancer
Creators: name: Zardan, Anousheh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the most common male cancer and the second leading cause of cancer‐related deaths in North America. While many gains have been made in early detection and treatment of localized PCa, many men still die of the metastatic disease. Androgen ablation therapy remains the most effective therapy for patients with advanced disease. While ~80% of patients respond initially to this treatment, most patients progress to Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) stage. Current literature indicates that CRPC tumours are not uniformly hormone refractory and may remain sensitive to therapies directed against the AR axis. Therefore, several new classes of AR‐targeting agents are now in clinical development, including more potent AR antagonists (MDV3100) and inhibitors of steroidogenesis (abiraterone). Although enthusiasm for this approach remains high, prostate tumour heterogeneity and the inevitable development of resistance dictates a critical need to better understand the mechanisms of resistance in which AR remain active. In the current doctoral thesis role of heat shock protein (Hsp) 27 and Lyn tyrosine kinase in regulation of AR protein expression was investigated. The central hypothesis is that increased expression and activity of Hsp27 and Lyn kinase stabilizes and activates AR protein and leads to prostate cancer progression through promoting prostate cancer cell survival. Three specific objectives were accomplished in this thesis. First, the relationship between Hsp27 and AR was studied. To this end, it was demonstrated that expression and activity of Hsp27 via a nongenomic mechanism regulates AR protein stability, shuttling and transcriptional activity. In the next step, the underlying molecular mechanisms through which Lyn tyrosine kinase regulates AR activity in the castrated environment was investigated. The experiments demonstrated that Lyn kinase regulates AR protein expression and transcriptional activity and that it plays a key role in PCa progression to the castrated resistant stage. Finally, a novel role for Lyn kinase in Epidermal Growth Factor‐mediated (EGF‐mediated) AR activity was defined. The results obtained in this thesis defined new pathways involved in regulation of AR protein stability and justified further investigation of Hsp27 and Lyn kinase as therapeutic targets for CRPC.
title: Jean-Léonor Le Gallois de Grimarest
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Jean-Léonor Le Gallois de Grimarest as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Factors associated with compliance with the recommended frequency of postnatal care services in three rural districts of Tanzania
Creators: name: Kanté, Almamy M.
name: Chung, Christine E.
name: Larsen, Anna M.
name: Exavery, Amon
name: Tani, Kassimu
name: Phillips, James F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Public health
Health surveys
Postnatal care
Medical care

description: Background
High neonatal mortality persists in Tanzania. Rates of decline are slow, in part because postnatal care (PNC) services for addressing this problem remain severely underutilized. This study assesses factors associated with utilization of PNC among mothers in rural Tanzania.

Methods
This study analyzed household survey data collected in 2011 to understand health service utilization patterns among women of reproductive age and children less than 5 years of age in the Rufiji, Kilombero, and Ulanga districts of Tanzania. A total of 889 mothers were eligible for the current analysis. Multinomial logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with the likelihood of mothers seeking the WHO recommended PNC visits.

Results
The percent of newborns and their mothers with full PNC was low (10.4 %). Factors explaining PNC completion were district of residence, ethnic group, pregnancy wantedness, ANC attendance, place of delivery, and any incidence of newborn. Mothers of unwanted pregnancies were less likely to attend PNC services compared to mothers of wanted pregnancies [for at least two PNC: aRRR = 0.57, 95 % CI 0.35–0.94]. Sick newborns were more likely to receive PNC than newborns who were not sick during the first month after childbirth [for at least two PNC, aRRR = 3.52, 95 % CI 2.12–5.86]. Mothers who attended ANC services more frequently were more likely to receive PNC services compared to those who had attended fewer than 2 ANC services [for 1 PNC, aRRR = 1.89, 95 % CI 1.23–2.90]. Mothers who delivered at a health facility were less likely to attend PNC services compared to mothers who delivered outside a facility [for at least 2 PNC: aRRR = 0.42, 95 % CI 0.26–0.76]. Model with interactions between ANC attendance and place of delivery shown that only ANC attendance had a positive and statistically significant effect on PNC visit.

Conclusion
To achieve the WHO recommended number of PNC in rural Tanzania, our findings suggest the need to provide PNC through the community-based primary health care. Efforts to improve coverage of PNC should include expanding health education and counseling during childbirth and neonatal period to more effectively advocate PNC for newborns perceived to be healthy.
title: Grimarest (J.-L.’s Widow)
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Grimarest (J.-L.’s Widow) as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Psychische Gesundheit aus der Sicht von Menschen mit intellektuellen Behinderungen
Creators: name: Moritz, Paula
Year: 2023

description: Hintergrund: Während die erhöhte Prävalenz und potenzielle Risikofaktoren für psychische Störungen bei Menschen mit intellektuellen Behinderungen (IB) als gesichert gelten, ist hinsichtlich psychischer Gesundheit (z.B. psychisch gesunderhaltenden Faktoren) in dieser Personengruppe nur wenig bekannt. Insbesondere Arbeiten, die einen partizipativen Ansatz verfolgen, sind rar. Um dieser Wissenslücke zu begegnen, fokussiert sich diese Studie auf die Perspektiven von Menschen mit IB auf psychische Gesundheit. Methodik: Im Rahmen des Selbstvertretungskongresses der Lebenshilfe Österreich wurden im Oktober 2022 zwei Fokusgruppen mit insgesamt 10 Teilnehmer:innen durchgeführt. Die moderierte Gruppendiskussion beinhaltete Fragen in Leichter Sprache zu Gesundheit und Krankheit, psychische Gesundheit und Zugang zu Informationen zu psychischer Gesundheit. Die Datenanalyse erfolgte mittels reflexiver thematischer Analyse. Um den sprachlichen Duktus des Materials zu erhalten, erfolgten Kodierung und Themenentwicklung einem induktiven Ansatz. Zwei Selbstvertreter:innen der Lebenshilfe Österreich unterstützten die Studie als Beratungsgruppe. Ergebnisse: Die Analyse ergab sechs Themen zur Beschreibung psychischer Gesundheit aus der Sicht von Menschen mit IB. Diese sind psychische Gesundheit als mehrdeutiges Konzept, der komplexe Zusammenhang psychischer und körperlicher Gesundheit, die Bedeutsamkeit sozialer Eingebundenheit, die Bedeutung des Zugangs zu sich selbst, das Recht auf Selbstverwirklichung und Autonomie sowie der Bedarf an gesellschaftlicher Veränderung und offenem Diskurs. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie zeigen, dass Selbstvertreter:innen ein differenziertes Verständnis von psychischer Gesundheit haben. Dieser Befund stellt einen wertvollen Einblick in die Perspektive von Menschen mit IB dar und erlaubt die Entwicklung von Angeboten zur psychischen Gesundheitsförderung, die an das Vorwissen und die Bedürfnisse dieser Personengruppe angepasst sind. Zusammenfassung in Leichter Sprache: • Psychische Gesundheit ist ein wichtiger Teil von Gesundheit. Bisher gibt es aber nur wenig Wissen zu psychischer Gesundheit bei Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten. • In dieser Studie wurden Selbstvertreter:innen gefragt, was sie unter psychischer Gesundheit verstehen und was sie psychisch gesund hält. • Die Selbstvertreter:innen haben gesagt, psychische Gesundheit ist schwer zu erklären und hängt mit körperlicher Gesundheit zusammen. Sie haben auch gesagt, dass soziales Miteinander, in sich hinein spüren und Selbst-Bestimmung psychisch gesund erhalten. Die Selbstvertreter:innen haben gesellschaftliche Faktoren benannt, die psychische Gesundheit verhindern. • Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Selbstvertreter:innen verstehen, was psychische Gesundheit ist. Sie wissen auch, was es braucht, um psychisch gesund zu bleiben. Das hilft Fach-Kräften bei der Entwicklung von Programmen, die die psychische Gesundheit von Menschen mit Lernschwierigkeiten fördern.
CENTORI: a global toroidal electromagnetic two-fluid plasma turbulence code
Creators: name: Knight, P. J.
name: Thyagaraja, A.
name: Edwards, T. D.
name: Hein, J.
name: Romanelli, M.
name: McClements, K. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new global two-fluid electromagnetic turbulence code, CENTORI, has been developed for the purpose of studying magnetically-confined fusion plasmas on energy confinement timescales. This code is used to evolve the combined system of electron and ion fluid equations and Maxwell equations in toroidal configurations with axisymmetric equilibria. Uniquely, the equilibrium is co-evolved with the turbulence, and is thus modified by it. CENTORI is applicable to tokamaks of arbitrary aspect ratio and high plasma beta. A predictor-corrector, semi-implicit finite difference scheme is used to compute the time evolution of fluid quantities and fields. Vector operations and the evaluation of flux surface averages are speeded up by choosing the Jacobian of the transformation from laboratory to plasma coordinates to be a function of the equilibrium poloidal magnetic flux. A subroutine, GRASS, is used to co-evolve the plasma equilibrium by computing the steady-state solutions of a diffusion equation with a pseudo-time derivative. The code is written in Fortran 95 and is efficiently parallelized using Message Passing Interface (MPI). Illustrative examples of output from simulations of a tearing mode in a large aspect ratio tokamak plasma and of turbulence in an elongated conventional aspect ratio tokamak plasma are provided.
description: 9 figures
Research Data Management and Data Privacy
Creators: name: Plomp, Esther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research Data Management
Data Science
Ethical research
FAIR
DMP
RDM
Data Management Plan
Research Data
Physical samples
GDPR
Personal Data

description: Presentation by Esther Plomp on 4 December 2023 and workshop on 6 December 2023 for the minor Collaborative Research for Biomedical Breakthroughs (CRBB).
The relative meaning of absolute numbers: the case of pain intensity scores as decision support systems for pain management of patients with dementia
Creators: name: Lichtner, Valentina
name: Dowding, Dawn
name: Closs, S. José
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Dementia
Qualitative research
Pain--Measurement

description: Background
Assessment and management of pain in patients with dementia is known to be challenging, due to patients’ cognitive and/or communication difficulties. In the UK, pain in hospital is managed through regular assessments, with the use of pain intensity scores as triggers for action. The aim of this study was to understand current pain assessment practices, in order to later inform the development of a decision support tool designed to improve the management of pain for people with dementia in hospital.

Methods
An exploratory study was conducted in four hospitals in the UK (11 wards), with observations of patients with dementia (n = 31), interviews of staff (n = 52) and patients’ family members (n = 4) and documentary analysis. A thematic analysis was carried out, structured along dimensions of decision making. This paper focuses on the emergent themes related to the use of assessment tools and pain intensity scores.

Results
A variety of tools were used to record pain intensity, usually with numerical scales. None of the tools in actual use had been specifically designed for patients with cognitive impairment. With patients with more severe dementia, the patient’s body language and other cues were studied to infer pain intensity and then a score entered on behalf of the patient. Information regarding the temporality of pain and changes in pain experience (rather than a score at a single point in time) seemed to be most useful to the assessment of pain.

Conclusions
Given the inherent uncertainty of the meaning of pain scores for patients with dementia, numerical scales were used with caution. Numerical scores triggered action but their meaning was relative - to the patient, to the clinician, to the time of recording and to the purpose of documenting. There are implications for use of data and computerized decision support systems design. Decision support interventions should include personalized alerting cut-off scores for individual patients, display pain scores over time and integrate professional narratives, mitigating uncertainties around single pain scores for patients with dementia.
Research Data Management and Data Privacy
Creators: name: Plomp, Esther
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research Data Management
Data Science
Ethical research
FAIR
DMP
RDM
Data Management Plan
Research Data
Physical samples
GDPR
Personal Data

description: Presentation by Esther Plomp on 4 December 2023 for the minor Collaborative Research for Biomedical Breakthroughs (CRBB).