cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pseudomagnetic fields and triaxial strain in graphene
Creators: name: Settnes, Mikkel
name: Power, Stephen R.
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strain fields in graphene giving rise to pseudomagnetic fields have received much attention due to the possibility of mimicking real magnetic fields with magnitudes of greater than 100 Tesla. We examine systems with such strains confined to finite regions ("pseudomagnetic dots") and provide a transparent explanation for the characteristic sublattice polarization occurring in the presence of pseudomagnetic field. In particular, we focus on a triaxial strain leading to a constant field in the central region of the dot. This field causes the formation of pseudo Landau levels, where the zeroth order level shows significant differences compared to the corresponding level in a real magnetic field. Analytic arguments based on the Dirac model are employed to predict the sublattice and valley dependencies of the density of states in these systems. Numerical tight binding calculations of single pseudomagnetic dots in extended graphene sheets confirm these predictions, and are also used to study the effect of the rotating the strain direction and varying the size of the pseudomagnetic dot.
Supplementary Materials from Biomechanics of cutting: sharpness, wear sensitivity and the scaling of cutting forces in leaf-cutter ant mandibles
Creators: name: Püffel, Frederik
name: Walthaus, O. K.
name: Kang, Victor
name: Labonte, David
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Clinical Microbiology

description: Herbivores large and small need to mechanically process plant tissue. Their ability to do so is determined by two forces: the maximum force they can generate, and the minimum force required to fracture the plant tissue. The ratio of these forces determines the relative mechanical effort; how this ratio varies with animal size is challenging to predict. We measured the forces required to cut thin polymer sheets with mandibles from leaf-cutter ant workers which vary by more than one order of magnitude in body mass. Cutting forces were independent of mandible size, but differed by a factor of 2 between pristine and worn mandibles. Mandibular wear is thus likely a more important determinant of cutting force than mandible size. We rationalize this finding with a biomechanical analysis, which suggests that pristine mandibles are ideally ‘sharp’—cutting forces are close to a theoretical minimum, which is independent of tool size and shape, and instead solely depends on the geometric and mechanical properties of the cut tissue. The increase of cutting force due to mandibular wear may be particularly problematic for small ants, which generate lower absolute bite forces, and thus require a larger fraction of their maximum bite force to cut the same plant.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Food processing and nutrition assimilation in animals’.
Arrest stress of uniformly sheared wet granular matter
Creators: name: Rahbari, S. H. Ebrahimnazhad
name: Brinkmann, M.
name: Vollmer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct extensive independent numerical experiments considering frictionless disks without internal degrees of freedom (rotation etc.) in two dimensions. We report here that for a large range of the packing fractions below random-close packing, all components of the stress tensor of wet granular materials remain finite in the limit of zero shear rate. This is direct evidence for a fluid-to-solid arrest transition. The offset value of the shear stress characterizes plastic deformation of the arrested state {which corresponds to {\em dynamic yield stress} of the system}. {Based on an analytical line of argument, we propose that the mean number of capillary bridges per particle, $ν$, follows a non-trivial dependence on the packing fraction, $ϕ$, and the capillary energy, $\vareps$. Most noticeably, we show that $ν$ is a generic and universal quantity which does not depend on the driving protocol.} Using this universal quantity, we calculate the arrest stress, $σ_a$, analytically based on a balance of the energy injection rate due to the external force driving the flow and the dissipation rate accounting for the rupture of capillary bridges. The resulting prediction of $σ_a$ is a non-linear function of the packing fraction $ϕ$, and the capillary energy $\vareps$. This formula provides an excellent, parameter-free prediction of the numerical data. Corrections to the theory for small and large packing fractions are connected to the emergence of shear bands and of contributions to the stress from repulsive particle interactions, respectively.
description: 7 pages, g figures
Investigation of CO reduction pathways and hydride transfer mechanisms of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes
Creators: name: Mercer, Ian Patrick
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Investigation of the reduction-protonation pathway from ruthenium polypyridyl hydroxymethyl to free methanol is conducted. Metal-coordinated acetonitrile ylide (-CH2NCCH3) complexes are formed following protonation of [Ru(5,5’-Me2bpy)2(CO)(CH2OH)][PF6] and
(π-C5H5)Fe(CO)2(CH2OCH3) by triflic acid (CF3SO3H) in the presence of excess acetonitrile indicating H+ attack at the oxygen atom. DFT computational methods are utilized to optimize gas-phase structures of Ru(tpy)(bpy)(X)+ and Ru(5,5’-Me2bpy)2(CO)(X)+ (where X = H, OCH3, CH2OH) to construct a reaction coordinate diagram describing hydride transfer to formaldehyde to yield the isomer adducts, hydroxymethyl and methoxy.
Motional Averaging of Nuclear Resonance in a Field Gradient
Creators: name: Jarenwattananon, Nanette N.
name: Bouchard, Louis-S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The traditional view of nuclear-spin decoherence in a field gradient due to molecular self-diffusion is challenged on the basis of temperature dependence of the linewidth, which demonstrates different behaviors between liquids and gases. The conventional theory predicts that in a fluid, linewidth should increase with temperature; however, in gases we observed the opposite behavior. This surprising behavior can be explained using a more detailed theoretical description of the dephasing function that accounts for position autocorrelation effects.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Foerster resonance energy transfer rate and local density of optical states are uncorrelated in any dielectric nanophotonic medium
Creators: name: Wubs, Martijn
name: Vos, Willem L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the ongoing debate about nanophotonic control of Foerster resonance energy transfer (FRET), notably by the local density of optical states (LDOS), we study an analytic model system wherein a pair of ideal dipole emitters - donor and acceptor - exhibit energy transfer in the vicinity of an ideal mirror. The FRET rate is controlled by the mirror up to distances comparable to the donor-acceptor distance, that is, the few-nanometer range. For vanishing distance, we find a complete inhibition or a four-fold enhancement, depending on dipole orientation. For mirror distances on the wavelength scale, where the well-known `Drexhage' modification of the spontaneous-emission rate occurs, the FRET rate is constant. Hence there is no correlation between the Foerster (or total) energy transfer rate and the LDOS. At any distance to the mirror, the total energy transfer between a closely-spaced donor and acceptor is dominated by Foerster transfer, i.e., by the static dipole-dipole interaction that yields the characteristic inverse-sixth-power donor-acceptor distance dependence in homogeneous media. Generalizing to arbitrary inhomogeneous media with weak dispersion and weak absorption in the frequency overlap range of donor and acceptor, we derive two main theoretical results. Firstly, the spatially dependent Foerster energy transfer rate does not depend on frequency, hence not on the LDOS. Secondly the FRET rate is expressed as a frequency integral of the imaginary part of the Green function. This leads to an approximate FRET rate in terms of the LDOS integrated over a huge bandwidth from zero frequency to about 10 times the donor emission frequency, corresponding to the vacuum-ultraviolet. Even then, the broadband LDOS hardly contributes to the energy transfer rates. We discuss practical consequences including quantum information processing.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
title: Verwandlung von Lehrstoff in einen Comic: Ein Experiment mit den Siedlerinnen von Hull-House, Chicago
Creators: name: Offenberger, Ursula
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10614 Curriculum, Teaching, Didactics
subject: empirical social research
subject: comics
subject: online media
subject: teaching method

description: Der Beitrag beleuchtet ein Vorhaben, in dem Seminarstoff gemeinsam mit Studierenden zu einem Webcomic verarbeitet wurde, um das Seminarthema einer breiteren Öffentlichkeit zugänglich zu machen und Interesse an der Thematik zu wecken. Die Sozialforschung der Bewohnerinnen des Hull-House-Settlements in Chicago wird in ihrer Bedeutung als Pionierarbeit für die empirische Sozialforschung insgesamt dargestellt. Außerdem werden Überlegungen angestellt zum Comic als Medium von Wissenschaftskommunikation.
description: Gesellschaft unter Spannung: Verhandlungen des 40. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie 2020
The dynamical playground of a higher-order cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation: from orbital connections and limit cycles to invariant tori and the onset of chaos
Creators: name: Achilleos, V.
name: Bishop, A. R.
name: Diamantidis, S.
name: Frantzeskakis, D. J.
name: Horikis, T. P.
name: Karachalios, N. I.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q55, 35B40

description: The dynamical behavior of a higher-order cubic Ginzburg-Landau equation is found to include a wide range of scenarios due to the interplay of higher-order physically relevant terms. We find that the competition between the third-order dispersion and stimulated Raman scattering effects, gives rise to rich dynamics: this extends from Poincaré-Bendixson--type scenarios, in the sense that bounded solutions may converge either to distinct equilibria via orbital connections, or space-time periodic solutions, to the emergence of almost periodic and chaotic behavior. One of our main results is that the third-order dispersion has a dominant role in the development of such complex dynamics, since it can be chiefly responsible (i.e., even in the absence of the other higher-order effects) for the existence of the periodic, quasi-periodic and chaotic spatiotemporal structures. Suitable low-dimensional phase space diagnostics are devised and used to illustrate the different possibilities and identify their respective parametric intervals over multiple parameters of the model.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures. To appear in Physical Review E
title: Antisemitismus als antimodernes Ressentiment: Skizze des soziologischen Beitrags zur Antisemitismusforschung
Creators: name: Kiess, Johannes
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10299 Other Fields of Sociology
subject: antisemitism
subject: sociology

description: Allenthalben wird beklagt, die Soziologie vernachlässige die Antisemitismusforschung. Tatsächlich scheint eine Soziologie des Antisemitismus immer noch nur "in Fragmenten" vorzuliegen, wie etwa Heiko Beyer 2015 bemängelte (Beyer 2015). Das liegt - wie bei der Vorurteils- oder der Rechtsextremismusforschung - auch daran, dass benachbarte Disziplinen diese Felder teils wirkungsvoll besetzen. Im Falle Antisemitismus sind vor allem die psychoanalytische Sozialpsychologie und die Geschichtswissenschaft zu nennen. Soweit, so bekannt. Auch die Organisatorinnen dieser Ad-hoc-Gruppe stellen ein Defizit bei der Soziologie fest. Mein Ausgangsgedanke für diesen Vortrag ist, dass die Soziologie selbst als Reaktion auf die Moderne entstanden ist - und damit zeitgleich mit dem modernen Antisemitismus. Wenngleich sich die Soziologie dem Thema eher sporadisch genähert hat, ist ihr klassischer Gegenstand - die moderne Gesellschaft - allerdings aufs Engste mit dem Gegenstand Antisemitismus verbunden. Aus dieser Überlegung heraus will ich skizzieren, was man von den Klassikern des Faches lernen kann und was eine allgemeine Soziologie des Antisemitismus als Programm, nicht nur als individuelles Forschungsprojekt leisten könnte.
description: Gesellschaft unter Spannung: Verhandlungen des 40. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie 2020
Gutzwiller variational wave function for multi-orbital Hubbard models in finite dimensions
Creators: name: Münster, Kevin zu
name: Bünemann, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a diagrammatic method for the evaluation of general multi-band Gutzwiller wave functions in finite dimensions. Our approach provides a systematic improvement of the widely used Gutzwiller approximation. As a first application we investigate itinerant ferromagnetism and correlation-induced deformations of the Fermi surface for a two-band Hubbard model on a square lattice.
How Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Impacted One Family’s Lived Experiences
Creators: name: Frazier, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ALL) in children and young adults (< 20 years of age) is a rare form of childhood leukemia, but is a particularly difficult to treat form of childhood leukemia, due to the mutational effect on the growth and proliferation of abnormal leukocytes, often resistant to other treatments for leukemia. Ph+ALL not only leaves the young person without a functioning immune system, but requires months to years of extensive chemotherapy, radiation, and possibly a bone marrow transplant (BMT). Little is known about how this distinct sub-group of affected families experience this disease and its treatments, especially across time. We conducted a retrospective qualitative-case-study with one family to explore, discern, and synthesize their individual and family experiences over time. Interviews with each individual family member (mother, father and affected 7-year-old child) helped us to capture both unique and family system experiences and appraisals during specific periods: (a) initial diagnosis and learning the genetics; (b) hospitalization for treatment pre-BMT; (c) outpatient treatments; (d) BMT; (e) post-BMT recovery; and, (f) survival. Findings present multi-contextual details of one family, which could begin to sensitize providers to important patient, parent, and family factors in similar families. Additional qualitative or mixed-methods studies, including larger samples of socially diverse families could strengthen our knowledge of the multitude of factors that influence individual and family experiences when a child or young adult is diagnosed with Ph+ALL, so that we can design future interventions to address their needs in culturally relevant and sensitive ways.
On Pendry's effective electron mass
Creators: name: Gozhenko, Victor V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1996, J. Pendry, an English theoretical physicist put forward an idea about the dependence of the effective electron mass on the magnetic field, while interpreting the dielectric response of metal wire mesh structures. The idea was based on the well-known relation between the kinematic and canonical momenta of a charged particle moving in the magnetic field. In this paper, proceeding from the universal character of that relation, the applicability of Pendry's effective electron mass $m_{\text{eff}}$ to the problem of electrons in metal mesh structures, as well as to a wide class of problems for charges moving in the magnetic field, has been examined. The general properties of $m_{\text{eff}}$ following directly from its definition were found, and an analogy between the effective electron mass $m_{\text{eff}}$ and $m^{\ast}$ known in the solid-state theory was established. A physical interpretation of $m_{\text{eff}}$ was proposed. It was demonstrated in several examples that, despite the generality of the defining relation for the effective mass $m_{\text{eff}}$, the use of $m_{\text{eff}}$ beyond the problem of the dielectric response of metal wire mesh structures leads to incorrect results.
Assessing Wood Biomass Residue Availability for UNC-Chapel Hill's Cogeneration Facility
Creators: name: Toregozhina, Aizhan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: As part of its Climate Action Plan, UNC has pledged to become coal-free by 2020 and carbon-neutral by 2050. As UNC’s combined heat and power (CHP) plant is the largest source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the University has aggressively initiated an effort to identify a cleaner fuel to substitute for coal. Due to technical specifications of the CHP plant, biomass has been identified as the best option, although until now no local sources are currently available. This project identifies specific wood biomass sources within a 50-mile radius of the University campus and locates potential fuel supply sources that could be used for firing or co-firing the boiler. The National Land Cover Database, ReferenceUSA platform and the NC Division of Solid Waste Management Permitted Facility List were used to identify 157 potential locations of biomass supply that were subdivided into 7 classes: Logging Residue, Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste, Land Clearing and Inert Debris (LCID), Yard Waste (YW), Furniture Manufacturing, Mill Residue and Other Wood Waste. ArcGIS Network Analysis was used to model optimal routes and calculate transportation distances to the CHP plant from each potential supply location. A simple cost model was created that specified per unit transportation and fuel costs, including collection and harvesting,
processing and on-site purchase expenses. Results from network analysis and cost modeling were combined in a linear programming model that was set to identify optimal monthly supply sources such that the fuel delivery cost is minimized. The results of the study show that there potentially exists a diverse and extensive fuel basket on a monthly basis. Of the seven classes of biomass fuel, C&D and Furniture Manufacturing were identified as the most optimal sources. Mill Residue and Other Wood Waste were optimal only during the peak demand or winter months. The remaining biomass fuel types were not optimal for use irrespective of demand fluctuations.
Spontaneous breaking of nilpotent symmetry in boundary BLG theory
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Sudhaker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit boundary term to preserve the supersymmetric gauge invariance of Bagger--Lambert--Gustavsson (BLG) theory. The fermionic rigid BRST and anti-BRST symmetries are studied in linear and non-linear gauges. Remarkably, for Delbourgo-Jarvis-Baulieu-Thierry-Mieg (DJBTM) type gauge the spontaneous breaking of BRST symmetry occurs in the BLG theory. The responsible guy for such spontaneous breaking is ghost-anti-ghost condensation. Further, we discuss the ghost-anti-ghost condensates in the modified maximally Abelian (MMA) gauge in the BLG theory.
description: 15 pages, No figure, Accepted for publication in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A
title: Vulnerabilität - Sensibilisierung - Fremderfahrung: Eine phänomenologische Skizze zur Analyse extremer Erfahrungen Anderer
Creators: name: Peter, Claudia
name: Strotmann, Marc
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10201 General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories
subject: vulnerability
subject: phenomenology
subject: sensitization
subject: experience

description: Im Folgenden wird eine Konzeptualisierung von Verletzbarkeit vorgestellt, die aus der Auseinandersetzung mit empirischen Beobachtungen unserer Forschung gewonnen wurde. Diese Überlegungen haben an zwei Punkten ihren Ausgang genommen: Zum einen ist nach unserer Ansicht die bisherige Begriffsarbeit zu Verletzbarkeit (zu) sehr durch Abstrahierungen geprägt. In Absehung, diese direkt vom konkreten Subjekt herzuleiten und in ihrer je spezifischen Formation auszuweisen, wird sie stattdessen, quasi in anderer Richtung, zugeschrieben. Zum anderen ist - wenn man sich die bisherige empirische Forschung dazu anschaut - zu konstatieren, dass es bisher nicht gelungen ist, auf die phänomenale Ebene zu gelangen. Wir konzipieren Verletzbarkeit als ein Latenzphänomen, das im Falle von Patienten auf einer Exponiertheit gründet. Exponiertheit bestimmen wir als einen - im Gegensatz und in Relation zu den mitweltlich Anderen - verschobenen Spielraum der eigenen Betreffbarkeit. Betroffen zu sein ist dabei nicht mit einem permanenten Zustand gleichzusetzen, sondern mit einem Grad der Affizierbarkeit, des Angesprochen- und/oder Angestoßen-Werdens durch etwas, das sich einer unmittelbaren und reflexiv zu vermittelnden Sinnbildung entzieht. Wenn Verletzbarkeit, wie wir es hier in Anspruch stellen, vor allem durch seine Exponiertheit charakterisiert und markiert wird, dann berühren wir Latenzphänomene, welche sich in verschiedenen Subtilitätsgraden zeigen. Im sich Entziehenden zeigt sich schon ein noch unbestimmtes Etwas. So, wie sie übersehen werden können, können sie auch bemerkt werden: Latenzphänomene. So, wie sie nicht schon manifest sind, sind sie aber dennoch schon 'da', erscheinen aber noch nicht oder nicht gänzlich. In dieser Latenz sind sie noch offen und unabgeschlossen und davon abhängig, ob und wie an sie - eben auch durch die Anderen - angeschlossen wird. Diese spezifischen Formen der Verletzbarkeit der Patienten haben also zwei Dimensionen: (1) aufgrund der leibkörperlichen Veränderungen, den Symptomen, durch die Krankheit selbst oder die Therapien stellen sie ein spezifisches Potential dar und (2) dieses Potential stiftet eine besondere Form der Beziehungserfahrung zwischen den Patienten und den Anderen, die (nicht) sensibilisiert darauf zu antworten verstehen (Vermeidung oder Zustandekommen von Verletzungen). Abschließend werden wir uns vor allem der zweiten Dimension zuwenden, um zu erörtern, inwieweit aus einer Verletzbarkeit eine manifeste Verletzungserfahrung entstehen kann, aber nicht muss.
description: Gesellschaft unter Spannung: Verhandlungen des 40. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie 2020
Thermal Maps of Gases in Heterogeneous Reactions
Creators: name: Jarenwattananon, Nanette N.
name: Gloeggler, Stefan
name: Otto, Trenton
name: Melkonian, Arek
name: Morris, William
name: Burt, Scott R.
name: Yaghi, Omar M.
name: Bouchard, Louis-S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over 85% of all chemical industry products are made using catalysts, with the overwhelming majority of these employing heterogeneous catalysts functioning at the gas-solid interface. Consequently, optimizing catalytic reactor design attracts much effort. Such optimization relies on heat transfer and fluid dynamics modeling coupled to surface reaction kinetics. The complexity of these systems demands many approximations, which can only be tested with experimental observations of quantities such as temperature, pressure, concentrations, flow rates, etc. One essential measurement is a map of the spatial variation in temperature throughout the catalyst bed. We present here the first non-invasive maps of gas temperatures in catalyst-filled reactors, including high spatial resolution maps in microreactors enabled by parahydrogen. The thermal maps reveal energy flux patterns whose length scale correlates with the catalyst packing. By exploiting the motional averaging under a weak applied magnetic-field gradient, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) linewidths are inversely proportional to temperature. Measurements during the hydrogenation of propylene in reactors packed with metal nanoparticles and metal-organic framework catalysts yield temperature coefficients of ~0.1 Hz/K, and temperature error <4%. Temperature sensitivity increases with gradient strength, enabling tuning of precision.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
title: Postkoloniale Soziologie praktisch? Learning by doing in universitären Lehrveranstaltungen
Creators: name: Tietje, Olaf
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10614 Curriculum, Teaching, Didactics
subject: experience
subject: apprenticeship
subject: Mexico
subject: knowledge production
subject: self awareness
subject: practice
subject: theory

description: Wie kann in Theorieseminaren eine praktische Komponente verfolgt werden? Welche Bedeutungen haben neokoloniale Machtverhältnisse in eigenen Biographien und was kann der Café vor dem Seminar mit subaltern agencies zu tun haben? Diesen und weiteren Fragen geht der Text entlang einer Studienreise in den Süden Mexikos nach. Exemplarisch wird so beispielhaft an einem Forschungsseminar zu postkolonialer Soziologie die Bedeutung von Erfahrungen für das Verständis von theoretischen Perspektiven verfolgt.
description: Gesellschaft unter Spannung: Verhandlungen des 40. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie 2020
Loneliness among African American Students: Examining the transition from high school to the first semester of college
Creators: name: Ibe, Crystal
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: African American students underperform and it is important to identify key factors in this process to help inform remediation efforts. Attempts to improve African American student academic performance should give greater attention to social-psychological factors driving experiences with educational environments that are in effect before students even enter college, particularly experiences of loneliness and racial disparity. A confidential email survey was sent to incoming African American students at a large southeastern university the summer before matriculation and then again after students completed their first semester. Responses were received from 203 students (74% female, 18-20 years old) on a number of well-validated surveys. Correlation analyses revealed that participants coming from high schools with a greater percentage of African American students joined more African American based groups in college. A marginal effect was found showing that having higher percentages of African American students in one’s high school are related longitudinally to higher levels of loneliness, after controlling for prior levels of loneliness. A significant effect was found demonstrating that higher percentages of African American students in one’s high school are related longitudinally to lower grade point averages. The results add to the growing body of research suggesting that African American students at predominately white institutions face additional social challenges to achievement. By identifying areas where African American students are being hindered psychologically, universities can then go own to further tailor retention efforts before students even enter a university and avoid increasing the racial achievement gap.
Creating and Remembering the Mahatma in Pietermaritzburg: From Passive Resistance to Democracy
Creators: name: Hasan, Adam
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: While Gandhi’s nonviolent activism is often associated with the anti-colonial liberation of India, the philosophical roots of his work were shaped in South Africa around the turn of the Twentieth Century. As contemporary discourses on Gandhi have re-engaged with critical analyses on his life and legacy, creating a distinctly South African Gandhi has been an ongoing process of representation that has manifested primarily in the spatial politics of the province of KwaZulu-Natal, where he lived and spent the majority of his time in the country. By defining two key moments of differential memorialization between the 1980s and the present, this thesis intends to understand the cultural landscape (“townscape”) of Pietermaritzburg specifically through its memorials to Mohandas Gandhi and the ways their meanings have been shaped and reshaped in the context of modern South African history. Situating Gandhi historically and spatially in this way opens a discussion on how his image is being claimed, contested, and represented by local citizens, social movements, and state actors in the contemporary era. In doing so, a broader commentary on memorialization is discussed while being mindful that the differential aspects of such discourses is critical when considering practices of contextualization.
Does Spinal Manipulative Therapy Impact the Immune System? A Rapid Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Chow, Ngai
name: Côté, Pierre
name: Cancelliere, Carol
name: Mior, Silvano
name: Taylor-Vaisey, Anne
name: Injeyan, Stephen
name: Teodorczyk-Injeyan, Julita
name: Cassidy, J.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Diseases
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Immune System Diseases
subject: Immunity
subject: Spinal manipulation
subject: Spinal mobilization

description: This is a protocol for a rapid review of the literature, using WHO Rapid Review Methods, to investigate the the impact of spinal manipulation on the immune system. Principal investigator: Pierre Côté, Faculty of Health Sciences and Centre for Disability Prevention and Rehabilitation at Ontario Tech University and CMCC, Ontario Tech University, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2000 Simcoe St N, Oshawa, ON L1G 0C5 Review team members: Pierre Côté, Carol Cancelliere, Silvano Mior, Ngai Chow, Anne Taylor-Vaisey, Stephen Injeyan, Julita Teodorczyk-Injeyan, J. David Cassidy
Scalar Dark Matter: Direct vs. Indirect Detection
Creators: name: Duerr, Michael
name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
name: Smirnov, Juri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the simplest model for dark matter. In this context the dark matter candidate is a real scalar field which interacts with the Standard Model particles through the Higgs portal. We discuss the relic density constraints as well as the predictions for direct and indirect detection. The final state radiation processes are investigated in order to understand the visibility of the gamma lines from dark matter annihilation. We find two regions where one could observe the gamma lines at gamma-ray telescopes. We point out that the region where the dark matter mass is between 92 and 300 GeV can be tested in the near future at direct and indirect detection experiments.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures; v2: new LUX bounds included, discussion enhanced; v3: minor corrections, to appear in JHEP
Evaluation of cytochrome P450-derived eicosanoid metabolites as a biomarker for predicting cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Creators: name: Wang, Nan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The main objective of this
study is to evaluate the relationship between the function of CYP-derived EETs
metabolic pathway and major cardiovascular outcomes in patients with stable CAD. This
will provide insight into whether metabolites involved in the pathway can be used as
biomarkers in predicting prognosis of CAD. In addition, it will offer insight into which
subset of the patient population will most likely to respond and benefit from novel
therapies in development that manipulate these pathways.
Discrete-Time Approximations of Fliess Operators
Creators: name: Gray, W. Steven
name: Espinosa, Luis A. Duffaut
name: Ebrahimi-Fard, Kurusch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65L70, 93B40

description: A convenient way to represent a nonlinear input-output system in control theory is via a Chen-Fliess functional expansion or Fliess operator. The general goal of this paper is to describe how to approximate Fliess operators with iterated sums and to provide accurate error estimates for two different scenarios, one where the series coefficients are growing at a local convergence rate, and the other where they are growing at a global convergence rate. In each case, it is shown that the error estimates are achievable in the sense that worst case inputs can be identified which hit the error bound. The paper then focuses on the special case where the operators are rational, i.e., they have rational generating series. It is shown in this situation that the iterated sum approximation can be realized by a discrete-time state space model which is a rational function of the input and state affine. In addition, this model comes from a specific discretization of the bilinear realization of the rational Fliess operator.
Ocular Brachytherapy Dosimetry for 103Pd and 125I in The Presence of Gold Nanoparticles: Monte Carlo Study
Creators: name: Asadi, S.
name: Vaez-zadeh, M.
name: Vahidian, M.
name: Marghchouei, M.
name: Masoudi, S. Farhad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of the present Monte Carlo study is to evaluate the variation of energy deposition in healthy tissues in the human eye which is irradiated by brachytherapy sources in comparison with the resultant dose increase in the gold nanoparticle(GNP)-loaded choroidal melanoma. The effects of these nanoparticles on normal tissues are compared between 103Pd and 125I as two ophthalmic brachytherapy sources. Dose distribution in the tumor and healthy tissues have been taken into account for both mentioned brachytherapy sources. Also, in a certain point of the eye, the ratio of the absorbed dose by the normal tissue in the presence of GNPs to the absorbed dose by the same point in the absence of GNPs has been calculated. In addition, differences observed in the comparison of simple water phantom and actual simulated human eye in presence of GNPs are also a matter of interest that have been considered in the present work. The results show that the calculated dose enhancement factor in the tumor for 125I is higher than that of the 103Pd. The difference between the eye globe and the water phantom is more obvious for 125I than that of the 103Pd when the ophthalmic dosimetry is done in the presence of GNPs. Whenever these nanoparticles are utilized in enhancing the absorbed dose by the eye tumor, the use of 125I brachytherapy source will greatly amplify the amount of dose enhancement factor (DEF) in the tumor site without inflicting much damage to healthy organs, when compared to the 103Pd source. Furthermore in Monte-Carlo studies of eye brachytherapy, more precise definition of the eye phantom instead of a water phantom will become increasingly important when we use 125I as opposed to when 103Pd is considered.
description: 12 Pages, 4 Figures, Submitted to Journal Applied Clinical Physics
Integrating the Development and Predictive Validity of Individual Differences for Work Outcomes
Creators: name: Hoff, Kevin
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Industrial and Organizational Psychology
subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This registration document contains the project goals and analysis plan for existing longitudinal data. The project has two primary goals: (1) to examine how vocational interests and personality traits develop and change during adolescence and young adulthood and (2) to examine whether changes in interests and personality traits predict career outcomes over and above initial levels. The project uses longitudinal data spanning approximately 12-years from two separate samples.
Horizon of quantum black holes in various dimensions
Creators: name: Casadio, Roberto
name: Cavalcanti, Rogerio T.
name: Giugno, Andrea
name: Mureika, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We adapt the horizon wave-function formalism to describe massive static spherically symmetric sources in a general $(1+D)$-dimensional space-time, for $D>3$ and including the $D=1$ case. We find that the probability $P_{\rm BH}$ that such objects are (quantum) black holes behaves similarly to the probability in the $(3+1)$ framework for $D> 3$. In fact, for $D\ge 3$, the probability increases towards unity as the mass grows above the relevant $D$-dimensional Planck scale $m_D$. At fixed mass, however, $P_{\rm BH}$ decreases with increasing $D$, so that a particle with mass $m\simeq m_D$ has just about $10\%$ probability to be a black hole in $D=5$, and smaller for larger $D$. This result has a potentially strong impact on estimates of black hole production in colliders. In contrast, for $D=1$, we find the probability is comparably larger for smaller masses, but $P_{\rm BH} < 0.5$, suggesting that such lower dimensional black holes are purely quantum and not classical objects. This result is consistent with recent observations that sub-Planckian black holes are governed by an effective two-dimensional gravitation theory. Lastly, we derive Generalised Uncertainty Principle relations for the black holes under consideration, and find a minimum length corresponding to a characteristic energy scale of the order of the fundamental gravitational mass $m_D$ in $D>3$. For $D=1$ we instead find the uncertainty due to the horizon fluctuations has the same form as the usual Heisenberg contribution, and therefore no fundamental scale exists.
description: Latex, 16 pages, 8 figures. Final version to appear in PLB
Caregiver Super-humanization: The downside of being strong
Creators: name: Dillard, Lillian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The number of informal caregivers is continuing to rapidly expand in the United States as the baby boomer population ages. Applying insights from the moral typecasting literature, we explore the super-humanization of the informal caregiver population. Through one pilot study and two core studies, that surveyed caregivers and non-caregivers, we found that reported rhetoric describing the caregiver role is significantly related to the participant’s caregiver or non-caregiver status. Furthermore, based on caregiver data, there is an inverse relationship between the helpfulness of supportive statements offered by the general public in regard to their caregiver status, and the frequency of these statements. This research has direct legislative and social implications regarding the representation of caregivers in society, as well as the lack of support systems in place to help this in-need population.
title: Erbe unter Spannung: Umstrittene Denkmale und die Refiguration der Vergangenheit
Creators: name: Kibel, Jochen
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10299 Other Fields of Sociology
subject: sociology of architecture
subject: culture of remembrance

description: Die umstrittene Vereinnahmung der Vergangenheit steht im Zentrum gesellschaftspolitischer Konflikte. Im Folgenden wird der Erbebegriff Derridas für die Betrachtung erinnerungskultureller Debatten nutzbar gemacht. Erben wird als eine Modalität des Erinnerns gefasst, die Plätze, Gebäude und Denkmale in ihrer räumlichen Bedeutung immer wieder neu und spannungsreich hervorbringt. Die Spannungen zwischen unterschiedlichen Imaginationen von Gesellschaft müssen als Deutungskämpfe um Kultur verstanden werden, die sich auch im Umgang mit dem baukulturellen Erbe artikulieren. In diesen Debatten konkurrieren nicht nur unterschiedliche Vergangenheitsbezüge, sondern ebenso räumliche Deutungsmuster. Deshalb gestattet eine raumsoziologische Perspektive, die konkurrierenden Verräumlichungen des Erbes im Sinne einer Refiguration von Räumen zu deuten. Ein anschauliches Beispiel dafür bildet der Berliner Stadtraum im Umfeld der Rekonstruktion des Berliner Stadtschlosses. Es wird deutlich, dass Denkmaldebatten stets über eine materielle Dimension verfügen und meist mit einer symbolischen (Neu-)Besetzung von Orten einhergehen, an denen unterschiedliche Räume diskursiviert werden. Die Demarkationslinie erinnerungspolitischer Kämpfe verläuft dabei nicht mehr (ausschließlich) zwischen ost- und westdeutschen kollektiven Erzählungen, sondern quer zu diesen (auch) im Hinblick darauf, wie die Vergangenheit räumlich-materiell beerbt wird.
description: Gesellschaft unter Spannung: Verhandlungen des 40. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie 2020
An Assessment of Demand Variables on Division I College Football Series (FBS) Bowl Series Attendance
Creators: name: Jackson, Rhett
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: [T]he purpose of this thesis is to study both traditional and non-traditional demand variables that may predict fan attendance in FBS bowl games.  By understanding which variables predict attendance, bowl organizers can make more informed decisions about which teams to invite to their events to maximize live attendance.
The Republican Party After Charlottesville: America’s Gatekeepers of Democracy in the Age of Trump — Sort of
Creators: name: Mason, Kelsey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: In August, 2017, a white nationalist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia took place, attracting media attention and responses from politicians. President Donald Trump in particular issued three responses, but was undemocratic in the sense that he refused to explicitly repudiate the racist, extremist groups at the rally. This study asks how the 52 Republican senators in office during the rally responded to the rally and Donald Trump’s responses in order to determine how strongly these Republicans are upholding democratic norms and ideals. I first tested to see if a variety of characteristics had any effect on a senator’s response: state (geographic location), reelection year, whether they are seeking reelection, who won their state in the 2016 Republican primary, and who won their state in the 2016 general election. However, it appeared none of these characteristics strongly indicated any particular response strategy.I turned to an inductive, qualitative analysis in order to decipher these senators’ responses. In total, I analyzed 333 responses, which included tweets, retweets, Facebook posts, and press releases. I discovered three broad themes that categorize Republican senators’ responses: 1) “We as the American people...,” in which 16 senators attempted to address race through unified, American language, 2) “Criticism without explicitly criticizing,” in which 30 senators attempted to break with the President’s rhetoric without challenging him explicitly, and 3) “Mr. President...,” in which 13 senators explicitly denounced Trump’s responses. Broadly, Republican senators, while they did address race, failed to do so in relation to their own party. Crucially, they also generally failed to call out Trump’s problematic behavior at a time when he was explicitly challenging democratic norms. I ultimately argue the Republican Party needs to reverse this behavior in order to foster a truly multicultural, multiethnic democracy with robust norms and ideals that work for all Americans.
NMR study of native defects in PbSe
Creators: name: Koumoulis, Dimitrios
name: Taylor, Robert E.
name: King, Danny
name: Bouchard, Louis-S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While each atom species in PbSe corresponds to a single crystallographic site and transport measurements reveal a single carrier density, $^{207}$Pb NMR reveals a more complicated picture than previously thought comprising three discrete homogeneous carrier components, each associated with $n$- or $p$-type carrier fractions. The origins of these fractions are discussed in terms of electronic heterogeneity of the native semiconductor. The interaction mechanism between nuclear spins and lattice vibrations via fluctuating spin-rotation interaction, applicable to heavy spin-1/2 nuclei [Phys. Rev. B 74, 214420 (2006)], does not hold. Instead, a higher-order temperature dependence dominates the relaxation pathway. Shallow acceptor states and deep level defects in the midgap explain the complex temperature dependence of the direct band gap.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures
Boston University
Creators: name: Lieberman, Marya
name: Hall, Bonnie
name: McDonnell, Claire
name: Zea, Corbin
name: brown, Corina
name: Wilson, Erin
name: Muna, Grace
name: Taylor, Jason
name: Robinson, Jill
name: Esson, Joan
name: Easter, Joyce
name: Grochowski, Laura
name: Salazar, Laura
name: Mielke, Levi
name: Berta, Margaret
name: St. Clair, Martin
name: Turner, Mary
name: Howard, Maury
name: Behan, Patrice
name: Speidel, Rusty
name: Sinville, Rondedrick
name: Georgiadis, Rosina
name: Bliese, Sarah
name: Shaner, Sarah
name: Mang, Stephen
name: Barstis, Toni
name: Lockwood, Tracy-Lynn
name: Williams, Ursula
name: Doolittle, Pamela
name: Austin, Rodney
name: Loman, Jacob
name: Huschka, Ryan
name: Fletcher, Heidi
name: Khalafi, Lida
name: Knust, Kyle
name: Styers-Barnett, David
name: Smith, Madeline
name: Ashenef, Ayenew
name: Hollis, Gary
name: Hohreiter, Allison
name: Sisk, Matthew
name: Oberhof, Nils
name: Puccio, Maria
name: Wilson, Robert
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: PAD
subject: PADProject

description: DPAL data and information for Boston University
Giant electron-phonon interactions in molecular crystals and the importance of non-quadratic coupling
Creators: name: Monserrat, Bartomeu
name: Engel, Edgar A.
name: Needs, Richard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electron-phonon coupling in the molecular crystals CH$_4$, NH$_3$, H$_2$O, and HF, using first-principles quantum mechanical calculations. We find vibrational corrections to the electronic band gaps at zero temperature of -1.97 eV, -1.01 eV, -1.52 eV, and -1.62 eV, respectively, which are comparable in magnitude to those from electron-electron correlation effects. Microscopically, the strong electron-phonon coupling arises in roughly equal measure from the almost dispersionless high-frequency molecular modes and from the lower frequency lattice modes. We also highlight the limitations of the widely used Allen-Heine-Cardona theory, which gives significant discrepancies compared to our more accurate treatment.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures