cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Methoxypyrazines as a potential "green" off-odour in wine distillates
Creators: name: Stamatopoulos, Panagiotis
name: Poitou, Xavier
name: Weingartner, Sandrine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: methoxypyrazine
IPMP
IBMP
off-odour
wine distillate

description: Aroma is one of the main quality parameters of wine distillates. Avoiding generation of off-odours is therefore an issue of great concern in the industry and consequently numerous studies have investigated to identify off-odours using a variety of different approaches. Different wine distillates were studied for the expression of “green-earthy” notes by means of TD-MDGC-MS/O and two odoriferous zones were identified. The compounds identified were 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) for the first odoriferous zone with intense earthy note and 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) for the second odoriferous zone with intense green note. The quantification experiments showed high concentrations of IPMP and IBMP for an average of 46.2 and 51 ng/L respectively, with some extreme levels of 178 ng/L for IPMP and 126 ng/L for IBMP. Further experiments showed different kinetics for the extraction of methoxypyrazines during distillation process. Thus, extraction of IPMP is more pronounced in the first fractions, contrary of IBMP which is more present in the last fractions of distillation process. Moreover, the sensory impact of the methoxypyrazines was confirmed.
title: Entosthodon subnudus var. phymatodeus
title: Version 1
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Fife, Allan J.
Publisher: name: Bryophytes of Australia
Year: 2019
Subjects: Entosthodon subnudus var. phymatodeus

description: Taxonomic treatment for Entosthodon subnudus var. phymatodeus
Adsorption characteristics of SO2 onto novel activated carbon fixed bed: kinetics, isotherms, thermodynamics and washing regeneration
Creators: name: Shi, Ling
name: Zhu, Zhongkui
name: Wu, Nana
name: Chang, Yufeng
name: Yue, Lin
name: An, Liang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: The problem of SO2 pollution in industrial flue gas has brought great pressure to environmental governance. In this study, a new type of activated carbon fixed bed device was designed and built for flue gas desulfurization. The results showed that activated carbons (AC1-AC5) were microporous activated carbons with abundant functional groups on the surface, and the desulfurization performance was ranked as AC1 > AC2 > AC3 > AC4 > AC5. The specific surface area of AC1 was as high as 624.98 m2/g, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 29.03 mg·g−1 under the optimum reaction conditions. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model and Bangham pore diffusion model are more suitable for describing the dynamic adsorption process of SO2 on AC1. Combined with thermodynamic research, it is shown that the adsorption process of SO2 is a spontaneous, exothermic, and chaotic reduction process, which is mainly a physical adsorption between single-layer adsorption and multi-layer adsorption. Finally, the desulfurization-washing regeneration cycle experiment results showed that the regeneration rate of AC1 increases with the washing time and washing temperature, up to 95%, which provides data reference for industrial application.
Where Is Stainless Steel Pipe Used? (Explained)
Creators: name: Admin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Use of Stainless Steel Pipe

description: So, today’s subject matter is going to be about the applications of Stainless Steel Pipe.

Therefore, do stick around and let us take you through industries which require Stainless Steel Pipe more importantly at higher rates.

In saying so – We just want to make a note that this component is one of the most sought material in almost every industry.
Improving Classification of Retinal Fundus Image Using Flow Dynamics Optimized Deep Learning Methods
Creators: name: Banupriya, V.
name: Anusuya, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) refers to a barrier that takes place in diabetes mellitus damaging the blood vessel network present in the retina. This may endanger the subjects' vision if they have diabetes. It can take some time to perform a DR diagnosis using color fundus pictures because experienced clinicians are required to identify the tumors in the imagery used to identify the illness. Automated detection of the DR can be an extremely challenging task. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) are also highly effective at classifying images when applied in the present situation, particularly compared to the handmade and functionality methods employed. In order to guarantee high results, the researchers also suggested a cutting-edge CNN model that might determine the characteristics of the fundus images. The features of the CNN output were employed in various classifiers of machine learning for the proposed system. This model was later evaluated using different forms of deep learning methods and Visual Geometry Group (VGG) networks). It was done by employing the images from a generic KAGGLE dataset. Here, the River Formation Dynamics (RFD) algorithm proposed along with the FUNDNET to detect retinal fundus images has been employed. The investigation's findings demonstrated that the approach performed better than alternative approaches.
The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores. IX. Discovery of a Very Low Luminosity Object Driving a Molecular Outflow in the Dense Core L673-7
Creators: name: Dunham, Michael M.
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Bourke, Tyler L.
name: Myers, Philip C.
name: Huard, Tracy L.
name: Stutz, Amelia M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new infrared, submillimeter, and millimeter observations of the dense core L673-7 and report the discovery of a low-luminosity, embedded Class 0 protostar driving a molecular outflow. L673-7 is seen in absorption against the mid-infrared background in 5.8, 8, and 24 micron Spitzer images, allowing for a derivation of the column density profile and total enclosed mass of L673-7, independent of dust temperature assumptions. Estimates of the core mass from these absorption profiles range from 0.2-4.5 solar masses. Millimeter continuum emission indicates a mass of about 2 solar masses, both from a direct calculation assuming isothermal dust and from dust radiative transfer models constrained by the millimeter observations. We use dust radiative transfer models to constrain the internal luminosity of L673-7, defined to be the luminosity of the central source and excluding the luminosity from external heating, to be 0.01-0.045 solar luminosities, with 0.04 solar luminosities the most likely value. L673-7 is thus classified as a very low luminosity object (VeLLO), and is among the lowest luminosity VeLLOs yet studied. We calculate the kinematic and dynamic properties of the molecular outflow in the standard manner, and we show that the expected accretion luminosity based on these outflow properties is greater than or equal to 0.36 solar luminosities. The discrepancy between this expected accretion luminosity and the internal luminosity derived from dust radiative transfer models indicates that the current accretion rate is much lower than the average rate over the lifetime of the outflow. Although the protostar embedded within L673-7 is consistent with currently being substellar, it is unlikely to remain as such given the substantial mass reservoir remaining in the core.
description: 19 pages, 14 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Shot noise by quantum scattering in chaotic cavities
Creators: name: Oberholzer, Stefan
name: Sukhorukov, Eugene V.
name: Strunk, Christoph
name: Schönenberger, Christian
name: Heinzel, T.
name: Holland, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: ELECTRON-ELECTRON SCATTERING; DIFFUSIVE CONDUCTORS; POINT CONTACTS; UNIVERSALITY; SUPPRESSION; TRANSPORT; GAS
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.23.Ad
subject: 72.70.+m
subject: 73.50.Td

description: We have experimentally studied shot noise of chaotic cavities defined by two quantum point contacts in series. The cavity noise is determined as (1/4)2e[1] in agreement with theory and can be well distinguished from other contributions to noise generated at the contacts. Subsequently, we have found that cavity noise decreases if one of the contacts is further opened and reaches neatly zero for a highly asymmetric cavity. Heating inside the cavity due to electron-electron interaction can slightly enhance the noise of large cavities and is also discussed quantitatively.
Ιστορικότητα της όρασης
Creators: name: Αγγέλης, Δημήτριος Κωνσταντίνου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: Όραση
Ιστορικότητα
Οπτικότητα
Vision
Historicity
Visuality

description: Σκοπός της διατριβής ήταν η μελέτη της ανθρώπινης αντιληπτικής οπτικής ικανότητας σε συνάρτηση με την ιστορία καθώς και οι πολιτικές παράμετροι αυτής της θεώρησης. Η μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε σε σχέση με την τέχνη, την ιστορία της τέχνης, την αισθητική και τα πιο πρόσφατα γνωστικά πεδία των πολιτισμικών σπουδών και των σπουδών οπτικού πολιτισμού. Παρουσιάσαμε την ανάδυση του ισχυρισμού περί ιστορικότητας της όρασης στο πλαίσιο της ιστορίας της τέχνης. Στη συνέχεια αναλύσαμε τη σχέση της ιστορίας της τέχνης με τις πολιτισμικές σπουδές. Έπειτα, διερευνήσαμε το πεδίο των σπουδών οπτικού πολιτισμού ως επέκταση της πολιτισμικής ερμηνευτικής στον χώρο της μελέτης της εικόνας και σε συνάρτηση με την ιστορία της τέχνης και την αισθητική. Διευκρινίσαμε τη σημαντική για τις σπουδές οπτικού πολιτισμού έννοια της «οπτικότητας» όπως αυτή εμφανίζεται στο βιβλίο που επιμελήθηκε ο Hal Foster το 1988 με τίτλο Vision and Visuality (Όραση και οπτικότητα) και παρουσιάσαμε τις προγενέστερες μελέτες που αποτελούν προϋπόθεση για τη δημιουργία του έργου αυτού. Συζητήσαμε τις έννοιες τις «εικονιστικής στροφής» και της «οπτικής ουσιοκρατίας» στο πλαίσιο των σπουδών οπτικού πολιτισμού και σε αντιδιαστολή με την προσέγγιση του Jonathan Crary περί «ιστορικοποίησης της όρασης» και αναλύσαμε τα έργα του Jonathan Crary Techniques of the Observer (Τεχνικές του παρατηρητή) και Suspensions of Perception (Αναστολές της αντίληψης).
description: The aim of the present thesis was the study of the human perceptive visual capacity in relation to history as well as the political parameters of this consideration. The study was conducted in relation to art, art history, aesthetics and the more recent fields of cultural studies and visual culture studies. We presented the emergence of the claim about the historicity of vision in the context of art history. We then analyzed the relationship between art history and cultural studies. We then explored the field of visual culture studies as an extension of cultural hermeneutics in the study of the image and in relation to art history and aesthetics. We clarified the important for visual culture studies concept of "visuality" as it appears in the book edited by Hal Foster in 1988 entitled Vision and Visuality and we presented the earlier studies that are a prerequisite for this work. We discussed the notions of the "pictorial turn" and "visual essentialism" in the context of visual culture studies and in contrast to Jonathan Crary's approach to the "historicization of vision" and we analyzed the works of Jonathan Crary Techniques of the Observer and Suspensions of Perception.
Αλέξανδρος Αφροδισιεύς: Περὶ ψυχῆς (80.16-92.11), εισαγωγή-μετάφραση-σχόλια
Creators: name: Ακριτίδης, Κωνσταντίνος Λαμπριανού
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: Αριστοτέλης
Αλέξανδρος Αφροδισιεύς
Ποιητικός νους
Aristotle
Alexander of Aphrodisias
Active (poietikon) intellect

description: Ο Αλέξανδρος Αφροδισιεύς, ως κάτοχος της αριστοτελικής έδρας του Περιπάτου των Αθηνών ανάμεσα στα 198-209 μ.Χ., έχει ισχυρή πίστη στην αλήθεια της φιλοσοφίας του Αριστοτέλη. Το φιλοσοφικό έργο που εξετάζει η παρούσα εργασία συνομιλεί με το Περί ψυχής του Αριστοτέλη, και το απόσπασμα που επιλέχθηκε εξετάζει το λογικό μέρος της ψυχής, το οποίο αποτελείται από τον υλικό και τον ποιητικό νου. Ο Αλέξανδρος περιγράφει την ανάπτυξη της νόησης στην ανθρώπινη ψυχή, και ταυτίζει τον ποιητικό νου με τον θεό. Εισάγoντας τον θύραθεν νου, ο Αλέξανδρος επιχειρεί, μεταξύ άλλων, να εξηγήσει το πώς εκκινεί η νοητική ενέργεια στην ψυχή του ανθρώπου. Στην παρούσα εργασία επιχειρούμε να κάνουμε μια γενική εισαγωγή στη λογική ψυχή και την έννοια του νου στο Περί ψυχής του Αλεξάνδρου, ακολουθούμενη από τη νεοελληνική μετάφραση και τον σχολιασμό του αποσπάσματος 80.16-92.11 με βάση την έκδοση του Ivo Bruns. Ο χαρακτήρας της εργασίας είναι ερμηνευτικός και τα συναγόμενα συμπεράσματα χρησιμοποιούν κατά κύριο λόγο την κειμενοκεντρική μέθοδο.
description: Alexander of Aphrodisias, holder of the Peripatetic chair of Athens between 198-209 AD, has a strong belief in the truth of Aristotle’s philosophy. His philosophical work that is examined in this essay is in close connection with Aristotle’s De anima; the section on which it focuses examines the logical part of the human soul, i.e. the part of the soul that consists of a material intellect (ὑλικὸς νοῦς) which is somehow in connection with an active intellect (ποιητικὸς νοῦς). Alexander accounts for the development of intellect inside the human soul and by doing that he identifies the active intellect with God. By introducing the intellect from outside (θύραθεν νοῦς), Alexander, among other things, attempts to explain how the intellectual activity begins inside the human soul. In this essay, I attempt to provide a general introduction to the concept of the intellect in Alexander’s De anima, followed by a Modern Greek translation of the section 80.16-92.11 in Ivo Bruns’ edition. The essay has a hermeneutical character and its conclusions are deduced mostly by using a text-based approach.
Developing BCS ideas in the former Soviet Union
Creators: name: Gor'kov, Lev P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The essay is an attempt to re-create the wonderful scientific atmosphere that emerged after the basic BCS ideas first arrived in Russia in 1957. It summarizes the most significant contributions to the microscopic theory of superconductivity by Russian physicists during the next few years that have given the theory its modern form.
description: 20 pages, published in: BCS: 50 YEARS, edited by Leon N Cooper and Dmitri Feldman, World Scientific, 2011
title: Communication in UK outpatient oncology consultations
Creators: name: Leydon, GM
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2006

description: This thesis is based on a sociological analysis of outpatient oncology consultations involving doctors and patients. Most patients have had surgery to remove their cancer. All have been referred for radiotherapy or chemotherapy and have been told on previous occasions that they have cancer.
I demonstrate how information about cancer is managed between doctors and patients. Analysis draws on some of the insights and principles of applied conversation analytic work. I report on a range of short and long transcribed data fragments, drawn from a tape-recorded data corpus. Whilst respecting the "autonomy" of the recorded data, I occasionally and informally draw on observations made during fieldwork to crystallize analytic claims. Analytic foci are derived from the natural unfolding of the consultation trajectory.
Three key topics are addressed: how doctors use history-taking to establish patient journeys to ascertain what patients know of their cancer; how diagnoses are embellished and treatment implications discussed; and how, within diagnostic and treatment talk, the participants negotiate the good, the bad and the uncertain character of the information shared.
I revisit the broad (and predominant) policy and research literature to confirm the benefits of conversation analytic work and the particular insights provided by this thesis. I also delineate some of the broader themes to emanate from the detailed analysis and challenge some common conceptualisations of "doctor-patient communication". Finally, I close with a discussion of the limitations of this thesis and possibilities for further work.
Automatic sensitivity-adjustment for a curvature sensor
Creators: name: Kellerer, Aglae
name: Chun, Mark
name: Ftaclas, Christ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are different techniques to sense the wavefront phase-distortions due to atmospheric turbulence. Curvature sensors are practical in their sensitivity being adjustable to the prevailing atmospheric conditions. Even at the best sites, the turbulence intensity has been found to vary at times over only a few minutes and regularly over longer periods. Two methods to automatically adjust the sensitivity of a curvature sensor are proposed: First, the defocus distance can be adjusted prior to the adaptive-optics (AO) loop through the acquisition of a long exposure image and can then be kept constant. Secondly, the defocus distance can be changed during the AO loop, based on the voltage values sent to the deformable mirror. We demonstrate that the performance increase - assessed in terms of the image Strehl-ratio - can be significant.
description: Accepted for publication in the adaptive-optics feature of Applied Optics
Cooperative Learning Strategy as Tool for Classroom Management.pdf
Creators: name: Aglazor, Genevieve
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Education

description: Cooperative learning is an innovative instructional strategy that employs a lot of motivational techniquesto make instruction relevant and students more responsible. In Nigeria, especially Cross River State,traditional instructional methods such as lecture method still prevail in the classroom where innovativeapproaches are pre-dominant on the global stage. Some traditional, classrooms are generally chaotic,most so where the class size is large. Instruction is also heavily teacher-centred where students are mererecipients of information. Managing pupils’ classroom behaviour in such classrooms has become an issuefor teachers. Many teachers find it difficult to manage their classrooms for productive teaching andlearning to take place. The current demographic explosion, generational shift in learning styles and globalbest practices, requires an urgent need for teachers to change the way they pass on instruction to thepupils. This paper seeks to examine the meaning of cooperative learning strategy, the concept ofclassroom management, the significance of cooperative learning, disadvantages and cooperative learningas a tool for classroom management.Keywords: cooperative learning, classroom management & group learning
Quantifying the challenges of detecting unseen planetary companions with transit timing variations
Creators: name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Ford, Eric B.
name: Payne, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both ground and space-based transit observatories are poised to significantly increase the number of known transiting planets and the number of precisely measured transit times. The variation in a planet's transit times may be used to infer the presence of additional planets. Deducing the masses and orbital parameters of such planets from transit time variations (TTVs) alone is a rich and increasingly relevant dynamical problem. In this work, we evaluate the extent of the degeneracies in this process, systematically explore the dependence of TTV signals on several parameters and provide phase space plots that could aid observers in planning future observations. Our explorations are focused on a likely-to-be prevalent situation: a known transiting short-period Neptune or Jupiter-sized planet and a suspected external low-mass perturber on a nearly-coplanar orbit. Through approximately 10^7 N-body simulations, we demonstrate how TTV signal amplitudes may vary by orders of magnitude due to slight variations in any one orbital parameter (0.001 AU in semimajor axis, 0.005 in eccentricity, or a few degrees in orbital angles), and quantify the number of consecutive transit observations necessary in order to obtain a reasonable opportunity to characterize the unseen planet (approximately greater or equal to 50 observations). Planets in or near period commensurabilities of the form p:q, where p < 21 and q < 4, produce distinct TTV signatures, regardless of whether the planets are actually locked in a mean motion resonance. We distinguish these systems from the secular systems in our explorations. Additionally, we find that computing the autocorrelation function of a TTV signal can provide a useful diagnostic for identifying possible orbits for additional planets and suggest that this method could aid integration of TTV signals in future studies of particular exosystems.
description: 53 pages total, including 18 figures, 1 table, and 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in ApJ. Better resolution plots will appear in online journal
1/f flux flow noise due to a coexistence of qualitatively different vortex states
Creators: name: Babic, D.
name: Bentner, J.
name: Sürgers, C.
name: Strunk, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: FLICKER 1-F NOISE; FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS; FLUCTUATIONS; INSTABILITY 1/f noise, amorphous state, fluctuations in superconductors, flux flow, germanium alloys, niobium alloys, superconducting materials
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 74.25.Qt
subject: 74.40.+k
subject: 74.78.Db

description: We investigate the vortex-motion voltage noise in a hybrid structure consisting of a weak-pinning amorphous Nb0.7Ge0.3 microbridge on top of which a strong-pinning, longitudinal Nb line with a narrow interruption in the middle is added. The Nb part enforces a branching of the applied current, causing a modulation of the current density within the Nb0.7Ge0.3, where vortex motion induces a voltage. When the Nb0.7Ge0.3 is sufficiently dissipative, the modulation is strong and the vortex dynamics is spatially dependent. Under these circumstances, the distribution function for normal excitations in vortex cores varies considerably over the sample, which results in a coexistence of distinct vortex states spreading from nearly equilibrium to strongly nonequilibrium ones. This leads to a range of characteristic times for the voltage fluctuations and, consequently, to the frequency (f) dependence of the noise being of 1/f type. The noise originates in the fluctuations of the vortex-core size around the average set by the nonequilibrium effects in vortex motion.
Designs based on the cycle structure of a Latin square autotopism
Creators: name: Falcón, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05B05, 05B15, 20N05

description: Latin squares have been historically used in order to create statistical designs in which, starting from a small number of experiments, it can be obtained a large experimental space. In this sense, the optimization of the selection of Latin squares can be decisive. A factor to take into account is the symmetry that the experimental space must verify and which is established by the autotopism group of each Latin square. Although the size of this group is known for Latin squares of order up to 10, a classification of the different symmetries has not yet been done. In this paper, given a cycle structure of a Latin square autotopism, it is studied the regularity of the incidence structure formed by the set of autotopisms having this cycle structure and the set of Latin squares remaining stable by at least one of the previous autotopisms. Moreover, it is proven that every substructure given by the isotopism class of a Latin square is a 1-$(v,k,r)$ design. Since the corresponding parameter $k$ is known for Latin squares of order up to 7, we obtain the rest of the parameters of all these substructures and, consequently, a classification of all possible symmetries is reached for these orders.
description: 6 pages, 6 tables
Effect of ferric salt addition on UV/electro-chlorine advanced oxidation process
Creators: name: Kishimoto, Naoyuki
name: Nakamura, Kenjiro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study discussed the effect of ferric salt addition on UV/electro-chlorine advanced oxidation process using a train of electrolytic and UV flow cells with an ozone-free low-pressure mercury vapour lamp (total irradiance:0.60 W at 254 nm). Ferric salt addition enhanced 1,4-dioxane degradation at an electrolytic current of 0.100 A. By contrast, an inhibitory effect of ferric salt addition was observed at a current of 0.500 A. The enhanced accumulation of free chlorine at a current of 0.500 A directly decreased the 1,4-dioxane degradation rate by scavenging reactive radicals like HO˙ and Cl˙. However, at an electrolytic current of 0.100 A, UV irradiance was relatively excessive for electrochemical chlorine production. The excess UV energy enhanced the photoreduction of FeOH2+, followed by the Fenton-type reaction of Fe2+ and HOCl, which produced HO˙ and consumed free chlorine. As a result, the free chlorine concentration decreased, and the reaction efficiency between the reactive radicals and 1,4-dioxane improved. Thus, the addition of ferric salt to a UV/electro-chlorine system is recommended when the UV irradiance in the system is excessive compared to the electrochemical chlorine supply.
UHV compatible nanostructuring technique for mesoscopic hybrid devices: application to superconductor/ferromagnet Josephson contacts
Creators: name: Hoss, T.
name: Strunk, Christoph
name: Sürgers, C.
name: Schönenberger, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: nanostructuring; hybrid devices; Josephson contacts; SUPERCONDUCTING TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; MULTILAYERS; FERROMAGNET; TRILAYERS; JUNCTION
subject: 530 Physik
subject: M73.23.−b
subject: 74.80.Fp
subject: N72.25.−b

description: We report on an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) compatible method for fabricating devices of sub-micrometer size by virtue of a non-organic evaporation mask of high thermal and mechanical stability. As an application we describe the superconducting properties of mesoscopic superconductor=normal-metal and superconductor=ferromagnet=superconductor hybrid structures. In particular, we report on the observation of the DC-Josephson e9ect in Nb=Cu=Co=Cu=Nbstructures prepared in UHV. The Josephson coupling between the two superconductors through the very thin (5 nm) magnetic and metallic weak link is con;rmed by the magnetic ;eld dependence of the critical current Ic, which displays a Fraunhofer-like interference pattern.
Simple Model of Self-Organized Biological Evolution
Creators: name: de Boer, Jan
name: Derrida, Bernard
name: Flyvbjerg, Henrik
name: Jackson, Andrew D.
name: Wettig, Tilo
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 87.10.+e
subject: 05.40.+j

description: We give an exact solution of a recently proposed self-organized critical model of biological evolution. We show that the model has a power law distribution of durations of coevolutionary "avalanches" with a mean field exponent 3/2. We also calculate analytically the finite size effects which cut off this power law at times of the order of the system size.
Transcriptional regulation of remyelination and its role in axonal health and locomotion
Creators: name: Duncan, Gregory James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that results in axon loss and disability. Remyelination occurs in MS and can be highly efficient. However in most MS patients, with disease chronicity remyelination fails to regenerate the majority of myelin sheaths around axons leading to chronic demyelination. This is in contrast to rodents, which typically have efficient myelin regeneration and are successful at repairing myelin in most experimental models. Remyelination may be crucial for the preservation of axons following demyelination, but causative experimental evidence demonstrating whether remyelination directly protects axons is currently lacking. I sought to develop a model that mimics remyelination failure in rodents to determine if remyelination is crucial for axonal health and locomotor recovery. In Chapter 2, the transcription factor myelin regulatory factor (MYRF), essential for developmental myelination, was deleted from oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC)s following lysolecithin demyelination. A loss of Myrf in OPCs (Myrf ICKO) resulted in a failure of OPCs to fully differentiate into new oligodendrocytes leaving them vulnerable to apoptosis. New oligodendrocytes could not express myelin proteins and effectively regenerate myelin in Myrf ICKO mice. MS lesions were also examined for the expression of MYRF and Sox10. Fewer MYRF-positive oligodendrocyte lineage cells were found in chronically demyelinated lesions relative to those with remyelination. Therefore, a failure to express MYRF in oligodendrocyte lineage cells is associated with remyelination failure in MS. In Chapter 3, I used the Myrf ICKO mice along with cuprizone/rapamycin demyelination to determine the consequence of remyelination failure on axonal health and locomotor recovery. Inhibited oligodendrogenesis and remyelination following Myrf ICKO aggravated the loss of axons greater than a micron in diameter in the corpus callosum and impaired motor coordination, as assessed on the rotarod, for the first two weeks post cuprizone. However at later time points, Myrf ICKO mice were able to compensate for profound demyelination and improved on the rotarod. Taken together, I demonstrate that oligodendrogenesis and subsequent remyelination requires MYRF, which ameliorates axon loss and improves locomotor recovery. However, over the long-term mice are able to functionally compensate for profound demyelination.
Learning to Re-rank with Constrained Meta-Optimal Transport
Creators: name: Hoyos-Idrobo, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many re-ranking strategies in search systems rely on stochastic ranking policies, encoded as Doubly-Stochastic (DS) matrices, that satisfy desired ranking constraints in expectation, e.g., Fairness of Exposure (FOE). These strategies are generally two-stage pipelines: \emph{i)} an offline re-ranking policy construction step and \emph{ii)} an online sampling of rankings step. Building a re-ranking policy requires repeatedly solving a constrained optimization problem, one for each issued query. Thus, it is necessary to recompute the optimization procedure for any new/unseen query. Regarding sampling, the Birkhoff-von-Neumann decomposition (BvND) is the favored approach to draw rankings from any DS-based policy. However, the BvND is too costly to compute online. Hence, the BvND as a sampling solution is memory-consuming as it can grow as $\gO(N\, n^2)$ for $N$ queries and $n$ documents. This paper offers a novel, fast, lightweight way to predict fair stochastic re-ranking policies: Constrained Meta-Optimal Transport (CoMOT). This method fits a neural network shared across queries like a learning-to-rank system. We also introduce Gumbel-Matching Sampling (GumMS), an online sampling approach from DS-based policies. Our proposed pipeline, CoMOT + GumMS, only needs to store the parameters of a single model, and it generalizes to unseen queries. We empirically evaluated our pipeline on the TREC 2019 and 2020 datasets under FOE constraints. Our experiments show that CoMOT rapidly predicts fair re-ranking policies on held-out data, with a speed-up proportional to the average number of documents per query. It also displays fairness and ranking performance similar to the original optimization-based policy. Furthermore, we empirically validate the effectiveness of GumMS to approximate DS-based policies in expectation.
Hydroxylamine promoted degradation of organic contaminants using peroxydisulfate activated by Fe-alginate
Creators: name: Wang, Zhenran
name: Peng, Yunlan
name: Liu, Yiqing
name: Ou, Jieli
name: Fu, Yongsheng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: To overcome the shortcomings of Fe(Ⅱ)/peroxydisulfate (PDS) system including the limited working pH range and large iron sludge production, a Fe-doped alginate (Fe-Alg) catalyst was prepared and combined with hydroxylamine (HA) to continuously activate PDS for the removal of organic pollutants in neutral condition. Due to the strong reductive capability of HA, it could significantly enhance the catalytic capability of Fe-Alg for PDS. The results of characterization suggested that Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ) was evenly distributed in Alg through its complexation with carboxyl groups, and the reduction of Fe(Ⅲ) to Fe(Ⅱ) initiated by HA enabled Orange G (OG) to be continuously degraded in the Fe-Alg/HA/PDS system. The results of quenching experiments suggested that SO4∙− and HO• played a dominant role for OG removal in the Fe-Alg/HA/PDS process. The effect of influence factors (e.g. initial pH, HA concentration, Fe-Alg dose and PDS concentration) and water matrix components (i.e. SO42−, NO3−, Cl–, HCO3− and dissolved organic matters (DOM)) on the performance of Fe-Alg/HA/PDS system was systematically investigated. Other refractory organic contaminants, including diclofenac (DCF), sulfamethoxazole (SMX), oxytetracycline (OTC) and bisphenol AF (BPAF) were also efficiently eliminated in Fe-Alg/HA/PDS system, suggesting the feasibility of this system for the treatment of organic pollutants. This work provides a method to optimize Fe(Ⅱ)/PDS system and a novel process applied to degrade refractory pollutants.
Fabrication and superconducting properties of nanostructured SFS contacts
Creators: name: Sürgers, Christoph
name: Hoss, Tilman
name: Schönenberger, Christian
name: Strunk, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Electronic transport; Mesoscopic systems; Proximity effect
subject: 530 Physik

description: Superconducting hybrid structures of submicrometer size utilizing high-melting transition metals such as Nb or Ta can be fabricated in ultra-high vacuum by means of a non-organic evaporation mask (Si3N4) of high thermal and mechanical stability. We report on the magnetic and superconducting properties of mesoscopic superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor (SFS) junctions realized in a Nb/Cu/Co/Cu/Nb multilayer (ML). Below the superconducting transition temperature, the magnetic hysteresis loop shows a contribution from the strongly pinned magnetic flux of the superconducting Nb layers. Electrical transport measurements perpendicular to the layered structure clearly demonstrate a Josephson coupling between the Nb layers through the 5-nm thick ferromagnetic Co film. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Vortex motion noise in micrometer-sized thin films of the amorphous Nb0.7Ge0.3 weak-pinning superconductor
Creators: name: Babic, Dragutin
name: Nussbaumer, Thomas
name: Strunk, Christoph
name: Schönenberger, Christian
name: Sürgers, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: robust control; small-signal model; three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier; unbalanced mains conditions; INPUT; CONVERTERS; DESIGN
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 74.76.Db
subject: 74.40.1k
subject: 74.60.Ge

description: The modeling and control of a three-phase threes-witch buck-type rectifier system with integrated boost output stage (Voltage Range Extended 4-Switch Rectifier) is analyzed in this paper. A cascaded multiloop control structure is presented that has the following features: constant output voltage for a wide input voltage range and stepwise changes of load; sinusoidal input currents in phase with the mains voltages that also remain sinusoidal in case of unbalanced mains conditions; and active damping of the input filter resonance. For the control design, an equivalent dc-dc small-signal model of the converter is derived and verified by simulations and measurements. Based on this and on the identification of the critical operating point, the controllers for the inner dc current and outer voltage control loops are selected. The stability of the closed loop system is discussed and the robust operation of the system is verified by measurements on a 5-kW prototype.
The 43GHz SiO maser in the circumstellar envelope of the AGB star R Cassiopeiae
Creators: name: Assaf, K. A.
name: Diamond, P. J.
name: Richards, A. M. S.
name: Gray, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present multi-epoch, total intensity, high-resolution images of 43GHz, v=1, J=1-0 SiO maser emission toward the Mira variable R Cas. In total we have 23 epochs of data for R Cas at approximate monthly intervals over an optical pulsation phase range from 0.158 to 1.78. These maps show a ring-like distribution of the maser features in a shell, which is assumed to be centred on the star at a radius of 1.6 to 2.3 times the stellar radii. It is clear from these images that the maser emission is significantly extended around the star. At some epochs a faint outer arc can be seen at 2.2 stellar radii. The intensity of the emission waxes and wanes during the stellar phase. Some maser features are seen infalling as well as outflowing. We have made initial comparisons of our data with models by Gray et. al. (2009).
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
The effect of velocity and timing of residual compression in a rodent dislocation spinal cord injury model
Creators: name: Speidel, Jason Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: The effect of timing of decompression following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) remains unclear, as clinical and preclinical studies have demonstrated varying results. There remains a question of whether certain sub-groups of SCI could see greater benefits than others from early decompression. Dislocation is the most commonly seen injury mechanism but has never been investigated with respect to residual compression in an animal model. The goal of this thesis was add residual compression to an existing rat cervical dislocation model and to examine the effect of time of residual compression and velocity of injury with this model. Dislocation injuries were conducted on forty-six male, Sprague-Dawley rats in four groups: two timings of decompression (24 minutes, 240 minutes) and two velocities (10mm/s, 500mm/s). All injuries involved dislocation between the C5/C6 vertebrae in an anterior-posterior direction to 1.45mm and residual compression of 0.8mm. Animals were evaluated for motor function using the Martinez open field, grip strength, and grooming tests for 6 weeks post-injury. High velocities consistently produced more severe injuries than low velocity. Correlation coefficients between 0.46 and 0.58 (p<0.05) were seen between velocity and injury severity. Longer time of residual compression did not produce more severe injuries and no significant correlations were seen between timing of residual compression and injury severity. These findings demonstrate that velocity is a more important factor than timing of residual compression in determining injury severity in a dislocation model of SCI.
Total variation regularization for fMRI-based prediction of behaviour
Creators: name: Michel, Vincent
name: Gramfort, Alexandre
name: Varoquaux, Gaël
name: Eger, Evelyn
name: Thirion, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: While medical imaging typically provides massive amounts of data, the extraction of relevant information for predictive diagnosis remains a difficult challenge. Functional MRI (fMRI) data, that provide an indirect measure of task-related or spontaneous neuronal activity, are classically analyzed in a mass-univariate procedure yielding statistical parametric maps. This analysis framework disregards some important principles of brain organization: population coding, distributed and overlapping representations. Multivariate pattern analysis, i.e., the prediction of behavioural variables from brain activation patterns better captures this structure. To cope with the high dimensionality of the data, the learning method has to be regularized. However, the spatial structure of the image is not taken into account in standard regularization methods, so that the extracted features are often hard to interpret. More informative and interpretable results can be obtained with the l_1 norm of the image gradient, a.k.a. its Total Variation (TV), as regularization. We apply for the first time this method to fMRI data, and show that TV regularization is well suited to the purpose of brain mapping while being a powerful tool for brain decoding. Moreover, this article presents the first use of TV regularization for classification.
Emergent universe in chameleon, f(R) and f(T) gravity theories
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Surajit
name: Debnath, Ujjal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we consider an emergent universe in generalized gravity theories like the chameleon, f(R) and f(T) gravities. We reconstruct the potential of the chameleon field under the emergent scenario of the universe and observe its increasing nature with the evolution of the universe. We reveal that in the emergent universe scenario, the equation-of-state parameter behaves like quintessence in the case of f(R) gravity and like phantom in the case of f(T) gravity.
description: International Journal of Modern Physics D, 2011
"Low" Energy GUTs
Creators: name: Ward, B. F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new approach to the subject of grand unification which allows the GUT scale to be small, \lesssim 200 TeV, so that it is within the reach of {\em conceivable} laboratory accelerated colliding beam devices. Central to the approach is a novel abstraction of the heterotic string symmetry group physics ideas to render baryon number violating effects small enough to have escaped detection to date.
description: 9 pages
Multiple Andreev reflection and giant excess noise in diffusive superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor junctions
Creators: name: Hoss, Tilman
name: Strunk, Christoph
name: Nussbaumer, Thomas
name: Huber, R.
name: Staufer, U.
name: Schönenberger, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: ENHANCED SHOT-NOISE; QUANTUM POINT CONTACTS; ENERGY-GAP STRUCTURE; JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; METAL; TRANSPORT; SUPERCURRENT; WIRES
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 74.40.+k
subject: 73.23.-b
subject: 74.25.Fy
subject: 74.80.Fp

description: We have studied superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor (SNS) junctions consisting of shea Au or Cu wires between Nh or Al banks. The Nb based junctions display inherent electron heating effects induced by the high thermal resistance of the NS boundaries. The Al based junctions show in addition subharmonic gap structures in the differential conductance dI/dV and a pronounced peak in the excess noise at very low voltages V. We suggest that the noise peak is caused by fluctuations of the supercurrent at the onset of Josephson coupling between the superconducting banks. At intermediate temperatures where the supercurrent is suppressed a noise contribution proportional to 1/V remains, which suggests the presence of a long-range proximity effect in the noise.
Bistability in superconducting rings containing an inhomogeneous Josephson junction
Creators: name: Gaaß, Markus
name: Nadj-Perge, S.
name: Radovic, Z.
name: Bauer, A.
name: Aprili, M.
name: Wegscheider, Werner
name: Strunk, Christoph
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: ferromagnetic materials, Josephson effect, magnetic flux, nickel alloys, niobium, palladium alloys
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 85.25.Dq

description: We investigate the magnetic response of a superconducting Nb ring containing a ferromagnetic PdNi Josephson junction and a tunnel junction in parallel. Doubling of the switching frequency is observed within certain intervals of the external magnetic field. For sinusoidal current-phase relations in both junctions, our model of a double superconducting quantum interference device (a small two-junction loop that interrupts the larger ring) explains this feature by a sequence of current reversals in the ferromagnetic section of the junction in these field intervals. The switching anomalies are induced by the coupling between the magnetic fluxes in the two superconducting loops.
O-doped g-C3N4 prepared in pyridine for efficiently photocatalytic hydrogen production
Creators: name: Tateishi, Ikki
name: Kuwahara, Shuhei
name: Furukawa, Mai
name: Katsumata, Hideyuki
name: Kaneco, Satoshi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Oxygen-doped g-C3N4 with pyridine ring (POCN) was synthesized by easily thermal polymerization of urea, pyridine solution, and ammonium acetate to improve photocatalytic hydrogen production. The experimental results indicate that pyridine was incorporated into the tri-s-triazine structure of g-C3N4. The O atoms were modified to g-C3N4 by replacing the N atoms (C–N=C) of the triazine ring. The photocatalytic activity for the hydrogen production rate of optimized POCN was 1018 µmol g–1 h–1, approximately 30 times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4 (CN) under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm). The high stability of POCN was confirmed through cycling tests for 30-h, XRD patterns, and SEM images. The pyridine incorporation can significantly enhance surface charge transfer efficiency. The oxygen modification can greatly promote visible light absorption (600 nm) and photogenerated electron–hole pairs separation. This work provides a suitable strategy to synthesize g-C3N4 based on metal-free photocatalysts for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance.