Callogorgia lucaya Cordeiro & Bayer & Cairns 2018, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cordeiro, Ralf T. S.
name: Bayer, Frederick M.
name: Cairns, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Alcyonacea
Primnoidae
Callogorgia
Callogorgia lucaya

description: Callogorgia lucaya sp. nov.
FIgS. 1–3
Caligorgia gracilis. —DeicHmann, 1936: 158–159 (in part: MCZ 4798), pl. 26, fig. 7.
Material examined (Types). HOlOTyPE ANd TyPE-lOcAlITy: Car -104: 18°13’10”N, 66°13’50”W (SAN JUAN, WEST ENd Of SAlINAS ISlANd, PUERTO RIcO), 146–219 M, USNM 50193 (ONE dRy SPEcIMEN), 8 MARcH 1933. PARATyPES: Blake EXPEdITIONS (JOHN R. BARTlETT cOll.), JAMAIcA, ENTRANcE TO PT. ROyAl, 183 M, (MCZ 4798), yEAR 1880; Or- 5415, 20°43’48”N, 73°36’00”W, 395–410 M, ONE fRAgMENT, USNM 52927, 24 MAy 1965; JSLI-I- 1502, 25°06’37”N, 77°24’48”W, 456–476, ONE fRAgMENT, USNM 1122908, 20 OcTObER 1987; JSL-I- 2262, 23°50’48”N, 75°08’30”W, 472–508, THREE fRAgMENTS, USNM 1123273, 12 SEPTEMbER 1988; Pill- 1231, 17°56’06”N, 77°59’00”W, 252–265, ONE fRAgMENT, USNM 52929, 7 JUly 1970; JSL-I-2266, 23°56’30”N, 74°30’45”W, 238–336, ONE fRAgMENT, USNM 1123213, 14 SEPTEMbER 1988; JSL-I- 1495, 23°59’47”N, 74°33’12”W, 225–312, ONE fRAgMENT, USNM 1123271, 20 OcTObER 1983; JSL-I-2262, 23°50’48”N, 75°08’30”W, 472–508, THREE fRAgMENTS, USNM 1123224, 12 SEPTEMbER 1988; Ger- 503, 26°31’00”N, 78°51’00”W, 366 M, USNM 58424 (ONE fRAgMENT), USNM 52942 (THREE fRAgMENTS) ANd USNM 52944 (THREE fRAgMENTS), 4 FEbRUARy 1965; Ger- 706, 26°27’00”N, 78°43’00”W, 489–522, ONE fRAgMENT, USNM 52947, 22 JUly 1965; Ger- 533, 26°27’00”N, 78°43’00, 384–403, ONE fRAgMENT, USNM 52916, 4 MARcH 1965; JSL-II- 1845, 16°10’00”N, 61°49’08”S, 306, TWO fRAgMENTS, USNM 86803, 10 JUNE 1989; Or- 2655, 18°25’48”N, 67°10’48”W, 183 M, ONE fRAgMENT, USNM 1017252, 6 OcTObER 1959.
Diagnosis. AlTERNATEly PINNATE Callogorgia USUAlly lAckINg OUTER-lATERAl (OL) ScAlES, SIdES Of POlyP cOvEREd by lATERAl EXPANSION Of THE AbAXIAl-1, SOMETIMES AbAXIAl-2; INNER lATERAlS (IL) AlSO AlWAyS AbSENT; AdAXIAlS cOMPlETEly AbSENT OR REPRESENTEd by ONE PAIR Of SMAll ScAlES; bOdy WAll ScAlES NEARly SMOOTH EXTERNAlly, SOMETIMES WITH WEAk WRINklES ANd ScATTEREd gRANUlES bUT NEvER ANASTOMOSINg RIdgES. BOdy WAll ScAlE fORMUlA: 4–7: 0–2:0:0– 1.
Description of the holotype. COlONy AlTERNATEly PINNATE, WITH THE MAjOR AXIS PRAcTIcAlly STRAIgHT (FIg. 1B); fUlly dEvElOPEd UNdIvIdEd bRANcHlETS USUAlly lESS THAN 80 MM IN lENgTH, MOSTly 60–70 ANd OccASIONAlly AS lITTlE AS 40 MM. AXIS HEAvIly cAlcIfIEd, IRREgUlARly gROOvEd lONgITUdINAlly, WITH dISTINcT METAllIc IRIdEScENcE, bROWNISH OR bRONzE IN THE TRUNk ANd lARgE bRANcHES, bEcOMINg PAlER dISTAlly UNTIl IT IS cREAM WHITE OR fAINTly yEllOWISH, WITH PEARly lUSTER, IN THE dISTAl bRANcHlETS. CONTRAcTEd POlyPS AbOUT 1 MM TAll (0.9–1.13 MM), ARRANgEd IN WHORlS Of THREE OR fOUR, OccASIONAlly PAIREd, ESPEcIAlly NEAR THE bRANcH TIPS (FIgS. 1A, 3A); USUAlly SIX OR SEvEN WHORlS PER cENTIMETER Of bRANcHlET; POlyPS RARE ON MAIN STEM.
AbAXIAl ScAlE-ROWS WITH fOUR TO SEvEN ScAlES, cOMMONly fOUR TO fIvE. MARgINAlS lARgE ANd cONSPIcUOUS, EXTENdINg AROUNd THE SIdES Of THE POlyP THAT OTHERWISE WOUld bE cOvEREd by OUTER-lATERAl ScAlES, WHIcH ARE AbSENT fROM ONE OR bOTH SIdES Of MOST POlyPS. MORE PROXIMAlly SITUATEd AbAXIAlS WIdE ANd bENT AROUNd THE bOdy Of THE POlyP, EITHER THE lOWEST ScAlE OR THE ONE IMMEdIATEly AbOvE IT WIdER THAN THE fOllOWINg ScAlES (FIgS. 1C, 3D). OUTER SURfAcE Of bOdy ScAlES NEARly SMOOTH, MARkEd AT MOST by SOME fAINT WRINklES RAdIATINg OUTWARd fROM THE NUclEUS, ANd SOMETIMES SOME MARgINAl gRANUlATIONS (FIg. 2B). FREE dISTAl EdgE cONSPIcUOUSly SERRATEd by flATTENEd, cOMblIkE TEETH ANd OvERlAPS THE bASE Of THE NEXT ScAlE AbOvE. BASAl ScAlE EdgE ScUlPTUREd by SIMPlE gRANUlES ANd by cOMPlEX TUbERclES (FIg. 2B). FUlly dEvElOPEd bOdy WAll ScAlES 0.47 MM X 0.20 MM TO 0.5 MM X 0.29 MM. AdAXIAlS cOMPlETEly AbSENT OR REPRESENTEd by ONE PAIR Of SMAll ScAlES. THE bOdy WAll ScAlE fORMUlA IS THUS: 4–7:0–2:0:0–1.
OPERcUlAR ScAlES lANcEOlATE, dISTAlly PROlONgEd AS A PROMINENT, blUNT TOOTH; dOMINANT AbAXIAl ScAlE NEARly SyMMETRIcAl ANd PyRIfORM IN OUTlINE (0.47 MM X 0.26 MM TO 0.28 MM X 0.58 MM); THE OTHERS (EXcEPT THE AdAXIAlS) ROUgHly TRIANgUlAR bUT WITH THE AdAXIAl bASAl ANglE PROMINENTly ROUNdEd ANd OvERlAPPINg THE bASE Of THE AdjAcENT OPERcUlAR (FIgS. 2A, 3C). OPERcUlAR ScAlES fROM 0.2 MM X 0.10 MM (lENgTH X WIdTH), IN THE AdAXIAl lINES, TO 0.57 MM X 0.30 MM, IN THE AbAXIAl PAIRS. OUTER lATERAl OPERcUlAR bASAlly EXPANdEd TOWARd THE AdAXIAl SIdE. AdAXIAl OPERcUlARS cONSPIcUOUSly SMAllER THAN THE OTHERS, lANcET-SHAPEd bUT blUNT-TIPPEd ANd STRONgly bENT INWARd TOWARd THE MOUTH Of THE POlyP (FIg. 2A 4). OUTER SURfAcE Of OPERcUlAR ScAlES cOvEREd by SIMPlE gRANUlES AlIgNEd IN ROWS RAdIATINg fROM THE cENTER (FIg. 2A). USUAlly, THE AbAXIAl, OL ANd IL OPERcUlARS All cOMMUNIcATE bASAlly WITH THE AbAXIAl MARgINAl (AbAXIAl-1) (FIg. 3B,C). IN SOME SPEcIMENS, THE AbAXIAl-2 EXTENdS INTO THE OL MARgINAl POSITION, IN WHIcH cASE THE AbAXIAl-0 ANd OL-0 ARTIcUlATE WITH AbAXIAl-1 ANd THE INNER lATERAl OPERcUlAR WITH THE INNER MARgIN Of AbAXIAl-2. COENENcHyMAl SclERITES ElONgATE POlygONAl ScAlES WITH ROUNdEd ANglES, MARgINAlly PEcTINATE ANd ScUlPTUREd OUTSIdE by gRANUlES RAdIATINg OUTWARd fROM THE NUclEUS, INNER SURfAcE WITH cOMPlEX TUbERclES (FIg. 2C).
Variability. LENgTH Of THE fUlly dEvElOPEd SIMPlE lATERAl bRANcHlETS MAy vARy WIdEly IN A SINglE lOcAlITy. FOR EXAMPlE, fROM Ger -503, ONE cOlONy HAS bRANcHlETS AbOUT 80 MM lONg, WHEREAS IN ANOTHER THEy ARE AbOUT 40 MM lONg; IN THE fORMER, THE AbAXIAl ROWS gENERAlly HAvE fIvE ScAlES, ANd IN THE lATTER USUAlly SIX (USNM 58424). THE NUMbER Of POlyPS cOMPRISINg A WHORl vARIES fROM TWO TO fOUR. IN SOME SPEcIMENS, WHORlS Of TWO (I.E., PAIRS) ARE cOMMON, ESPEcIAlly NEAR THE TIPS Of bRANcHlETS (USNM 52929), bUT IN OTHERS WHORlS Of THREE ANd fOUR PREdOMINATE WITH PAIRS OccURRINg RAREly OR NEvER.
Comparison. COlONIES Of Callogorgia lucaya HAvE THE gENERAl APPEARANcE Of C. gracilis, bUT dIffERS fROM All WESTERN ATlANTIc SPEcIES Of THE gENUS IN THE vERy cOMMON lAck Of OL ScAlES TOgETHER WITH A lOW NUMbER Of AbAXIAlS ScAlES (USUAlly fOUR OR fIvE, bUT UP TO SEvEN), ITS UNIqUE bOdy WAll SclERITE fORMUlA, ANd SclERITES THAT ARE AlMOST SMOOTH EXTERNAlly. WHEREAS OL ScAlES ARE USUAlly AbSENT IN C. lucaya, THERE ARE OfTEN 1–2 IN C. linguimaris ANd C. gracilis, ANd 2–4 IN C. americana ANd C. delta (CAIRNS & BAyER, 2002). OTHER SPEcIES REcENTly dEScRIbEd, I.E., C. arawak, MAy lAck THE OLS IN ONE OR bOTH SIdES Of SOME POlyPS, bUT AlSO dIffER fROM C. lucaya by HAvINg 8–11 AbAXIAl PAIRS Of bOdy WAll ScAlES ANd bOdy ScAlES EXTERNAlly ScUlPTUREd by RAdIAl WRINklES. SOME cOlONIES Of C. gracilis HAvE A fEW POlyPS THAT lAck OL ScAlES ON ONE OR bOTH SIdES, bUT IN THIS cASE THE AbSENcE IS cOMPENSATEd by A bROAd bASAl lObE Of THE OL OPERcUlAR ScAlE, WHIcH AlSO OccUPIES AT lEAST PART Of THE SPAcE OTHERWISE cOvEREd by THE
INNER-lATERAl MARgINAl. THE NUMbER Of AbAXIAlS IS TyPIcAlly fOUR OR fIvE, IN SOME cOlONIES SIX TO SEvEN, ANd THE SclERITES MAybE SlIgHTly ScUlPTUREd EXTERNAlly WITH ANASTOMOSINg RIdgES.
Etymology. LUcAyA, AN Old NAME fOR GRANd BAHAMA ISlANd.
Remarks. FIvE SPEcIES Of THE gENUS WERE SO fAR dEScRIbEd IN THE WESTERN ATlANTIc. THE NEW SPEcIES OvERlAPS IN
gEOgRAPHIc dISTRIbUTION WITH C. gracilis ANd C. americana, ANd IS A cOMPONENT Of dIvERSE cOMMUNITIES fORMEd by SEvERAl cORAl SPEcIES. FOR EXAMPlE, IN ONE STATION (Ger-503), AT lEAST 15 OTHER OcTOcORAl SPEcIES WERE cOllEcTEd, MOSTly cAlcAXONIANS. AddITIONAlly, AS IN OTHER PRIMNOIdS, cOlONIES Of C. lucaya MAy bE INfESTEd WITH OPHIUROIdS, WHIcH TIgHTly ENTWINE THEIR ARMS AROUNd THE gORgONIAN bRANcHES bUT SEEM TO dO NO HARM.
Distribution. NORTHERN STRAITS Of FlORIdA SOUTHWARd TO THE WINdWARd PASSAgE ANd NORTH cOAST Of PUERTO RIcO; SOUTHWEST cOAST Of JAMAIcA. ONly ONE REcORd fROM THE LESSER ANTIllES (USNM 86803), bUT NO REcORdS IN CENTRAl ANd SOUTH AMERIcA. REcORdS fROM 55 TO 522 M dEPTHS, MOST 150– 395 M.
description: Published as part of Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Bayer, Frederick M. & Cairns, Stephen D., 2018, Callogorgia lucaya sp. nov., a new species of deep-sea Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western Atlantic, pp. 529-536 in Zootaxa 4441 (3) on pages 530-535, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/1301474