cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lipkin model on a quantum computer
Creators: name: Cervia, Michael J.
name: Balantekin, A. B.
name: Coppersmith, S. N.
name: Johnson, Calvin W.
name: Love, Peter J.
name: Poole, C.
name: Robbins, K.
name: Saffman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic nuclei are important laboratories for exploring and testing new insights into the universe, such as experiments to directly detect dark matter or explore properties of neutrinos. The targets of interest are often heavy, complex nuclei that challenge our ability to reliably model them (as well as quantify the uncertainty of those models) with classical computers. Hence there is great interest in applying quantum computation to nuclear structure for these applications. As an early step in this direction, especially with regards to the uncertainties in the relevant quantum calculations, we develop circuits to implement variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithms for the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model, which is often used in the nuclear physics community as a testbed for many-body methods. We present quantum circuits for VQE for two and three particles and discuss the construction of circuits for more particles. Implementing the VQE for a two-particle system on the IBM Quantum Experience, we identify initialization and two-qubit gates as the largest sources of error. We find that error mitigation procedures reduce the errors in the results significantly, but additional quantum hardware improvements are needed for quantum calculations to be sufficiently accurate to be competitive with the best current classical methods.
description: 11 pages of RevTeX, 8 figures
Testing for Constant Hedge Ratios in Commodity Markets: A Multivariate GARCH Approach
Creators: name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Myers, Robert J.
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Myers, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity
subject: futures
subject: hedging

description: We develop a new multivariate GARCH parameterization that is suitable for testing the hypothesis that the optimal futures hedge ratio is constant over time, given that the joint distribution of cash and futures prices is characterized by autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. The advantage of the new parameterization is that it allows for a flexible form of time-varying volatility, even under the null of a constant hedge ratio. The model is estimated using weekly corn prices. Statistical tests reject the null hypothesis of a constant hedge ratio and also reject the null that time variation in optimal hedge ratios can be explained solely by deterministic seasonality and time-to-maturity effects.
AGN variability time scales and the discrete-event model
Creators: name: Favre, P.
name: Courvoisier, T. J. -L.
name: Paltani, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the ultraviolet variability time scales in a sample of 15 Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) observed by IUE. Using a structure function analysis, we demonstrate the existence in most objects of a maximum variability time scale of the order of 0.02-1.00 year. We do not find any significant dependence of these maximum variability time scales on the wavelength, but we observe a weak correlation with the average luminosity of the objects. We also observe in several objects the existence of long-term variability, which seems decoupled from the short-term one. We interpret the existence of a maximum variability time scale as a possible evidence that the light curves of Type 1 AGN are the result of the superimposition of independent events. In the framework of the so-called discrete-event model, we study the event energy and event rate as a function of the object properties. We confront our results to predictions from existing models based on discrete events. We show that models based on a fixed event energy, like supernova explosions, can be ruled out. In their present form, models based on magnetic blobs are also unable to account for the observed relations. Stellar collision models, while not completely satisfactory, cannot be excluded.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
GREEN SUBSIDIES IN AGRICULTURE: ESTIMATING THE ADOPTION COSTS OF CONSERVATION TILLAGE FROM OBSERVED BEHAVIOR
Creators: name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Zhao, Jinhua
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: adoption subsidies
subject: Conservation Security Program (CSP)
subject: conservation tillage
subject: risk premium

description: Because of payoff uncertainties combined with risk aversion and/or real options, farmers may demand a premium in order to adopt conservation tillage practices, over and above the compensation for the expected profit losses (if any). We propose a method of directly estimating the financial incentives for adopting conservation tillage and distinguishing between the expected payoff and premium of adoption based on observed behavior. We find that the premium may play a significant role in farmers' adoption decisions.
Curvature interaction in collective space
Creators: name: Herrmann, Richard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the Riemannian space, built from the collective coordinates used within nuclear models, an additional interaction with the metric is investigated, using the collective equivalent to Einstein's curvature scalar. The coupling strength is determined using a fit with the AME2003 ground state masses. An extended finite-range droplet model including curvature is introduced, which generates significant improvements for light nuclei and nuclei in the trans-fermium region.
description: updated version, 10 pages, 2 figures
Comments on the symmetry breaking condition in MacDowell-Mansouri action
Creators: name: Díaz-Saldaña, I.
name: Sabido, M.
name: López-Domínguez, J. C.
name: Rosales-Quintero, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study the symmetry breaking conditions, given by a (anti)de Sitter-valued vector field, of a full (anti)de Sitter-invariant MacDowell-Mansouri inspired action. We show that under these conditions the action breaks down to General Relativity with a cosmological constant, the four dimensional topological invariants, as well as the Holst term. We obtain the equations of motion of this action, and analyze the symmetry breaking conditions.
description: 9 pages
Observations of Active Galactic Nuclei with Ground-Based Cherenkov Telescopes
Creators: name: Krawczynski, Henric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) allow us to observe Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) in the 100 GeV to 20 TeV energy range with high sensitivity. The TeV gamma-ray observations of the nine blazars detected so far in this energy range reveal rapid flux and spectral variability on time scales of several hours, sometimes even on time scales of a few minutes. While simple synchrotron-Compton models can explain the observed non-thermal emission, alternative models which involve high-energy protons are not yet ruled out. After reviewing the status of the major IACT experiments, we describe some recent observational results and their astrophysical implications. We conclude with a discussion of possible avenues for future research.
description: Invited contribution to the "Blazar Variability Workshop II: Entering the GLAST Era", April 10-12, 2005, Miami, Florida, USA; version 2 includes minor corrections
Testing the Impact of Corporate Farming Restrictions on the Nebraska Hog Industry
Creators: name: Matthey, Holger
name: Royer, Jeffrey S.
name: Matthey, Holger
name: Royer, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: corporate restrictions
subject: hog industry
subject: partial adjustment
subject: Nebraska

description: This paper evaluates the implications of corporate restrictions on production agriculture using the case of the Nebraska hog industry. Corporate farming restrictions prohibit the acquisition or operation of agricultural land by nonfamily farm or ranch corporations. A partial adjustment model with a variable coefficient of adjustment is used to study the policy change. The results of the study support the hypothesis that the corporate farming restrictions in Nebraska have reduced the Nebraska hog industry's ability to adjust its inventory to target levels. A significant shift in inventory adjustment behavior is shown to coincide with the enactment of the corporate restrictions.
Jacobi-Zariski long nearly exact sequences for associative algebras
Creators: name: Cibils, Claude
name: Lanzilotta, Marcelo
name: Marcos, Eduardo N.
name: Solotar, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G25, 16E40, 16E30, 18G15

description: For an extension of associative algebras $B\subset A$ over a field and an $A$-bimodule $X$, we obtain a Jacobi-Zariski long nearly exact sequence relating the Hochschild homologies of $A$ and $B$, and the relative Hochschild homology, all of them with coefficients in $X$. This long sequence is exact twice in three. There is a spectral sequence which converges to the gap of exactness.
description: A typo in the degree of the torsion vector spaces of the first page of the spectral sequence is corrected. The degree where the exact long sequence ends at Theorem 6.5 is therefore updated. To appear in Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society
Hasselhoff, Friedrich (Hrsg.) / Krüger, Hanfried (Hrsg.), Ökumene in Schule und Gemeinde
Creators: name: Hild, Gottlob
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 1 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 1
The Budgetary and Resource Allocation Effects of Revenue Assurance
Creators: name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The efficiency of redistribution and the level of government costs of revenue assurance are compared with current farm programs. The results suggest that a revenue assurance program that uses a fixed base acreage and actual or county average yields to assure whole farm revenues could provide a significant improvement over existing policies. The result derives in large part because revenue assurance works only when needed and it works on the component of the objective function (revenue) that is of greatest relevance to producers. Also a fixed base revenue assurance scheme would eliminate resource misallocation costs associated with current programs. A revenue assurance scheme that guaranteed 100 percent of base revenues would provide almost as much benefit to producers as existing programs at less than half the cost. Revenue assurance at the 80 or 70 percent level would result in a significant drop in producer welfare, but an even greater drop in government expenditures.
On the effect of decoherence on quantum tunnelling
Creators: name: Klimenko, A. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work proposes a series of quantum experiments that can, at least in principle, allow for examining microscopic mechanisms associated with decoherence. These experiments can be interpreted as a quantum-mechanical version of non-equilibrium mixing between two volumes separated by a thin interface. One of the principal goals of such experiments is in identifying non-equilibrium conditions when time-symmetric laws give way to time-directional, irreversible processes, which are represented by decoherence at the quantum level. The rate of decoherence is suggested to be examined indirectly, with minimal intrusions -- this can be achieved by measuring tunnelling rates that, in turn, are affected by decoherence. Decoherence is understood here as a general process that does not involve any significant exchanges of energy and governed by a particular class of the Kraus operators. The present work analyses different regimes of tunnelling in the presence of decoherence and obtains formulae that link the corresponding rates of tunnelling and decoherence under different conditions. It is shown that the effects on tunnelling of intrinsic decoherence and of decoherence due to unitary interactions with the environment are similar but not the same and can be distinguished in experiments.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures
Adjustments in Demand During Lithuania's Economic Transition
Creators: name: Hossain, Ferdaus
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Hossain, Ferdaus
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
International Development

description: Significant economic changes have occurred in Lithuania since 1992. Major market reforms were introduced through phased liberalization of producer and consumer prices. Panel data from a Lithuanian Household Budget Survey conducted during 1992-94 were used to estimate demand parameters for aggregated commodity groups. The evidence from the household survey shows the relative stability of demand parameters. Estimated price and expenditure elasticities are consistent with levels of low income countries. Households have been relatively responsive to changes in prices and total expenditure in their purchases during the period of transition.
Effects of Site-Specific Management on the Application of Agricultural Inputs
Creators: name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Fiez, Timothy E.
name: Hennessy, David A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Fiez, Timothy E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: negative externality
subject: site-specific management
subject: uncertainty
subject: variability

description: Site-specific management of inputs in agricultural production is receiving increasing attention because of new technologies and concerns about excessive input use. This paper provides a microeconomic analysis of its implications. It shows that profit decreases with an increase in the variability of input requirements, but that the input and production effects can be quite complicated. The effects of moving from uncertainty about input requirements to variable requirements are also identified. An empirical study of nitrogen fertilization suggests that sitespecific management may reduce input use substantially, but the production and profitability impacts may not be large.
Light-front gauge invariant formulation and electromagnetic duality
Creators: name: Przeszowski, Jerzy A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gauge invariant formulation of Maxwell's equations and the electromagnetic duality transformations are given in the light-front (LF) variables. The novel formulation of the LF canonical quantization, which is based on the kinematic translation generator $P^{+}$ rather then on the Hamiltonian $P^{-}$, is proposed. This canonical quantization is applied for the free electromagnetic fields and for the fields generated by electric and magnetic external currents. The covariant form of photon propagators, which agrees with Schwinger's source theory, is achieved when the direct interaction of external currents is properly chosen. Applying the path integral formalism, the equivalent LF Lagrangian density, which depends on two Abelian gauge potentials, is proposed. Some remarks on the Dirac strings and LF non local structures are presented in the Appendix.
description: 18 pages
Full Phase Diagram of the Massive Gross-Neveu Model
Creators: name: Schnetz, Oliver
name: Thies, Michael
name: Urlichs, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The massive Gross-Neveu model is solved in the large N limit at finite temperature and chemical potential. The scalar potential is given in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions. It contains three parameters which are determined by transcendental equations. Self-consistency of the scalar potential is proved. The phase diagram for non-zero bare quark mass is found to contain a kink-antikink crystal phase as well as a massive fermion gas phase featuring a cross-over from light to heavy effective fermion mass. For zero bare quark mass we recover the three known phases kink-antikink crystal, massless fermion gas, and massive fermion gas. All phase transitions are shown to be of second order. Equations for the phase boundaries are given and solved numerically. Implications on condensed matter physics are indicated where our results generalize the bipolaron lattice in non-degenerate conducting polymers to finite temperature.
description: 36 pages, 6 figures; v2: subsect. 4.8 added (zero temperature limit), minor corrections, 37 pages
China's Accession to the WTO: What Is at Stake for Agricultural Markets?
Creators: name: Fuller, Frank H.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: De Cara, Stephane
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Fang, Cheng
name: Matthey, Holger
name: Fuller, Frank H.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: De Cara, Stephane
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Fang, Cheng
name: Matthey, Holger
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: accession
subject: agricultural trade
subject: China
subject: policy analysis
subject: simulation models
subject: trade liberalization
subject: World Trade Organization

description: We analyze the impact of China's accession to the World Trade Organization on major crop and livestock markets using the FAPRI modeling framework. We incorporate expected changes in consumer income, textile production, and trade policies as exogenous shocks to the baseline model. Following accession, revenues decline in China's livestock, grain, and oilseed industries, while cotton production prospers despite increased cotton imports. Chinese consumers benefit from lower food prices, with vegetable oil, dairy, and meat consumption increasing significantly. Argentina, Brazil, Canada, the European Union, and the United States are the greatest beneficiaries from expanded agricultural trade with China.
Multifarious roles of hidden chiral-scale symmetry:"Quenching" ${g_A}$ in nuclei
Creators: name: Rho, Mannque
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss how the axial current coupling constant $g_A$ renormalized in scale symmetric chiral EFT defined at a chiral matching scale impacts on the axial current matrix elements on beta decays in nuclei with and without neutrinos. The "quenched" $g_A$ observed in nuclear superallowed Gamow-Teller transitions, a long-standing puzzle in nuclear physics, is shown to encode the emergence of chiral-scale symmetry hidden in QCD in the vacuum. This enables one to explore how trace-anomaly-induced scale symmetry breaking enters in the renormalized $g_A$ in nuclei applicable to certain non-unique forbidden processes involved in neutrinoless double beta decays. A parallel is made between the roles of chiral-scale symmetry in quenching $g_A$ in highly dense medium and in hadron-quark continuity in the EoS of dense matter in massive compact stars. A systematic chiral-scale EFT, presently lacking in nuclear theory and potentially crucial for the future progress, is suggested as a challenge in the field.
description: 6 pages, no figures, published invited paper
Demand for Food Commodities by Income Groups in Indonesia
Creators: name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Manrique, Justo
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Manrique, Justo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: An analysis of the structure of demand was performed on household data classified into income groups for urban Indonesia. A demographically augmented Linearized Almost Ideal Demand System was used to estimate the structural parameters of the demand equations. Endogenous switching regression techniques yielded unbiased and consistent demand parameter estimates for the low income group, which had a large number of zeros for some food groups. Standard, seemingly unrelated, equation techniques were used to estimate the demand parameters for the other income groups. The results showed demands for the medium-high and high income households to be responsive to prices, income, and demographic variables. Demands for the medium-low income households were responsive to income and prices only. Demand for low income households were responsive to income and prices of rice and fish only.
การปรับตัวของอุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์ญี่ปุ่น เนื่องจากการเปลี่ยนผ่านสู่ยานยนต์ไฟฟ้า: กรณีศึกษาบริษัทเครือโตโยต้าในญี่ปุ่น
Creators: name: กฤตพล วิภาวีกุล
Publisher: name: สมาคมญี่ปุ่นศึกษาแห่งประเทศไทย
Year: 2018
Subjects: การเปลี่ยนผ่านสู่ยานยนต์ไฟฟ้า
อุตสาหกรรมยานยนต์
โตโยต้า
ภาวะกลืนไม่เข้าคายไม่ออกของผู้ผลิตนวัตกรรม
โครงสร้างธุรกิจ

description: วารสารเครือข่ายญี่ปุ่นศึกษา, 8, พิเศษ, 234-247
Comment on "Novel Superfluidity in a Trapped Gas of Fermi Atoms with Repulsive Interaction Loaded on an Optical Lattice"
Creators: name: Rigol, M.
name: Manmana, S. R.
name: Muramatsu, A.
name: Scalettar, R. T.
name: Singh, R. R. P.
name: Wessel, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent letter Machida et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 200402 (2004)] concluded that in a trapped gas of fermions with repulsive interactions a superfluid phase appears around the Mott-insulator at the center of the trap. They base their conclusion on a negative binding energy, and a large weight for a singlet formed by particles located at opposite sides of the Mott-insulator. We show here that the observed effects are not related to superfluidity.
description: Revtex file, 1 page, 1 figure, published version
Economies of Scope in Endangered-Species Protection: Evidence from Interest-Group Behavior
Creators: name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
name: Ando, Amy Whritenour
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: economies of scope
subject: endangered species
subject: political economy
subject: interest groups

description: This paper looks for positive spillovers from the legal protection of one species to the welfare of others, and for evidence of economies of scope in the costs associated with protecting species under the Endangered Species Act. The analyses use data on the intensity of interest-group comment activity in response to proposals to protect new species. The results suggest that these phenomena are significant, strengthening arguments that wildlife-protection policy should be shifted towards species groups or ecosystems. However, the findings are also consistent with diminishing public willingness-to-pay for protected species in a given area, a pattern which also has public-policy implications.
Lorentz Resonance in the Homogenization of Plasmonic Crystals
Creators: name: Li, Wei
name: Lipton, Robert
name: Maier, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explain the Lorentz resonances in plasmonic crystals that consist of 2D nano dielectric inclusions as the interaction between resonant material properties and geometric resonances of electrostatic nature. One example of such plasmonic crystals are graphene nanosheets that are periodically arranged within a non-magnetic bulk dielectric. We identify local geometric resonances on the length scale of the small scale period. From a materials perspective, the graphene surface exhibits a dispersive surface conductance captured by the Drude model. Together these phenomena conspire to generate Lorentz resonances at frequencies controlled by the surface geometry and the surface conductance. The Lorentz resonances found in the frequency response of the effective dielectric tensor of the bulk metamaterial is shown to be given by an explicit formula, in which material properties and geometric resonances are decoupled. This formula is rigorous and obtained directly from corrector fields describing local electrostatic fields inside the heterogeneous structure. Our analytical findings can serve as an efficient computational tool to describe the general frequency dependence of periodic optical devices. As a concrete example, we investigate two prototypical geometries composed of nanotubes and nanoribbons.
AI-assisted super-resolution cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Li, Yin
name: Ni, Yueying
name: Croft, Rupert A. C.
name: Di Matteo, Tiziana
name: Bird, Simeon
name: Feng, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cosmological simulations of galaxy formation are limited by finite computational resources. We draw from the ongoing rapid advances in Artificial Intelligence (specifically Deep Learning) to address this problem. Neural networks have been developed to learn from high-resolution (HR) image data, and then make accurate super-resolution (SR) versions of different low-resolution (LR) images. We apply such techniques to LR cosmological N-body simulations, generating SR versions. Specifically, we are able to enhance the simulation resolution by generating 512 times more particles and predicting their displacements from the initial positions. Therefore our results can be viewed as new simulation realizations themselves rather than projections, e.g., to their density fields. Furthermore, the generation process is stochastic, enabling us to sample the small-scale modes conditioning on the large-scale environment. Our model learns from only 16 pairs of small-volume LR-HR simulations, and is then able to generate SR simulations that successfully reproduce the HR matter power spectrum to percent level up to $16\,h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$, and the HR halo mass function to within $10 \%$ down to $10^{11} \, M_\odot$. We successfully deploy the model in a box 1000 times larger than the training simulation box, showing that high-resolution mock surveys can be generated rapidly. We conclude that AI assistance has the potential to revolutionize modeling of small-scale galaxy formation physics in large cosmological volumes.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, matches PNAS accepted version
Josephson oscillation and induced collapse in an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Adhikari, Sadhan K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the axially-symmetric time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation we study the Josephson oscillation of an attractive Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in a one-dimensional periodic optical-lattice potential. We find that the Josephson frequency is virtually independent of the number of atoms in the BEC and of the inter-atomic interaction (attractive or repulsive). We study the dependence of Josephson frequency on the laser wave length and the strength of the optical-lattice potential. For a fixed laser wave length (795 nm), the Josephson frequency decreases with increasing strength as found in the experiment of Cataliotti {\it et al.} [Science {\bf 293}, 843 (2001)]. For a fixed strength, the Josephson frequency remains essentially unchanged for a reasonable variation of laser wave length around 800 nm. However, for a fixed strength, the Josephson oscillation is disrupted with the increase of laser wave length beyond 2000 nm leading to a collapse of a sufficiently attractive BEC. These features of Josephson oscillation can be tested experimentally with present set ups.
description: 7 pages, 12 ps and eps figures, Physical Review A
The convexity of optimal transport-based waveform inversion for certain structured velocity models
Creators: name: Mahankali, Srinath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full--waveform inversion (FWI) is a method used to determine properties of the Earth from information on the surface. We use the squared Wasserstein distance (squared $W_2$ distance) as an objective function to invert for the velocity of seismic waves as a function of position in the Earth, and we discuss its convexity with respect to the velocity parameter. In one dimension, we consider constant, piecewise increasing, and linearly increasing velocity models as a function of position, and we show the convexity of the squared $W_2$ distance with respect to the velocity parameter on the interval from zero to the true value of the velocity parameter when the source function is a probability measure. Furthermore, we consider a two--dimensional model where velocity is linearly increasing as a function of depth and prove the convexity of the squared $W_2$ distance in the velocity parameter on large regions containing the true value. We discuss the convexity of the squared $W_2$ distance compared with the convexity of the squared $L^2$ norm, and we discuss the relationship between frequency and convexity of these respective distances. We also discuss multiple approaches to optimal transport for non--probability measures by first converting the wave data into probability measures.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
General Teleparallel Modifications of Schwarzschild Geometry
Creators: name: Bahamonde, Sebastian
name: Pfeifer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Teleparallel theories of gravity are described in terms of the tetrad of a metric and a flat connection with torsion. In this paper, we study spherical symmetry in a modified teleparallel theory of gravity which is based on an arbitrary function of the five possible scalars constructed from the irreducible parts of torsion. This theory is a generalisation of the so-called New General Relativity theory. We find that only two scalars are different to zero in spherical symmetry and we solve the corresponding field equations analytically for conformal Teleparallel gravity, and then perturbatively around Schwarzschild geometry for the general perturbative theory around GR. Finally, we compute phenomenological effects from the perturbed solutions such as the photon sphere, perihelion shift, Shapiro delay, and the light deflection. We find their correspondent correction to the standard GR contribution and their dependence on the three model parameters.
description: 17 pages; v2 has some new additions matching the published version
Habitat Benefit Assessment and Decision-making: A Report to the National Marine Fisheries Service
Creators: name: Boyd, James
name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Shabman, Leonard A.
name: Boyd, James
name: Sanchirico, James N.
name: Shabman, Leonard A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: bioeconomic
subject: ecological indicators
subject: ecosystem services

description: Habitats and the services they provide are part of our nation's portfolio of natural capital assets. As for many components of this portfolio, it is difficult to assess the value of their services, and this complicates regulators' investment decisions, especially when the alternative use is measurable. The principal objective of this report is to suggest possible strategies for the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) as it applies economic analyses and arguments in support of the agency's trustee responsibilities. Many approaches are possible, and as we discuss, the "right" strategy will depend on the questions asked, the resources available, and the agency's role in the consultation process. We discuss in detail bioeconomic modeling and ecosystem indicator approaches to habitat value assessment. Although the approaches are discussed independently, multiple tools could be used simultaneously across different regions or within the same region on different aspects of one consultation.
Transport coefficients for electrolytes in arbitrarily shaped nano and micro-fluidic channels
Creators: name: Mortensen, N. A.
name: Olesen, L. H.
name: Bruus, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider laminar flow of incompressible electrolytes in long, straight channels driven by pressure and electro-osmosis. We use a Hilbert space eigenfunction expansion to address the general problem of an arbitrary cross section and obtain general results in linear-response theory for the hydraulic and electrical transport coefficients which satisfy Onsager relations. In the limit of non-overlapping Debye layers the transport coefficients are simply expressed in terms of parameters of the electrolyte as well as the geometrical correction factor for the Hagen-Poiseuille part of the problem. In particular, we consider the limits of thin non-overlapping as well as strongly overlapping Debye layers, respectively, and calculate the corrections to the hydraulic resistance due to electro-hydrodynamic interactions.
description: 13 pages including 4 figures and 1 table. Typos corrected. Accepted for NJP
Pankowskichthys Taverne & Capasso 2014, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Taverne, Louis
name: Capasso, Luigi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Actinopterygii
Pycnodontiformes
Gladiopycnodontidae
Pankowskichthys

description: Pankowskichthys gen. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 6C6C231C-40DC-4AD6-9250-2FD72E4EDC1B
 Type species: Pankowskichthys libanicus gen. et sp. nov. (by monotypy)   Diagnosis
As for the species (monospecific genus).  Etymology
 The name of the new genus is dedicated to Mark Pankowski (Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A.), who generously offered the holotype of Pankowskichthys libanicus gen. et sp. nov. to the Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences (IRSNB).
description: Published as part of Taverne, Louis & Capasso, Luigi, 2014, On the " Coccodus " lindstroemi species complex (Pycnodontiformes, Gladiopycnodontidae) from the marine Late Cretaceous of Lebanon, with the description of two new genera, pp. 1-27 in European Journal of Taxonomy 101 on page 19, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.101, http://zenodo.org/record/3838770
Agricultural Policies in the Presence of Distorting Taxes
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural policies
subject: distortionary taxes
subject: efficiency impacts
subject: general equilibrium analysis

description: This paper uses analytical and numerical general equilibrium models to assess the efficiency impacts of agricultural policies in a second-best setting with pre-existing distortionary taxes. We analyze production subsidies, production quotas, acreage controls, subsidies for acreage reductions and lump sum transfers to agricultural producers. We find that pre-existing taxes raise the cost of all these policies and by a substantial amount. Under our central estimates this increase in cost is typically at least 100-200 percent. Two effects underlie these results. First, raising the rates of distortionary taxes to finance subsidy policies leads to additional efficiency losses. Second, policies that raise (lower) the costs of producing agricultural output lead to a reduction (increase) in the economy-wide level of employment. This implies an efficiency loss (gain) in the labor market, which is distorted by taxes. The latter effect is not incorporated in earlier studies. Consequently, previous studies have significantly overstated the costs of production subsidies and understated the costs of production quotas, acreage controls and subsidies for acreage reductions.
[Brev til Johan Ernst Gunnerus]
Creators: name: Hielmstierne, Henrik
name: Gunnerus, Johan Ernst
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1769

description: Det Kongl. Videnskabers Societet i Danmark ønsker Gunnerus som medlem
description: Dahl nr.: 717. Polydoc nr. 1: 433. Polydoc nr. 2: 81.
Pay-At-The-Pump Auto Insurance
Creators: name: Khazzoom, J. Daniel
name: Khazzoom, J. Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: converting fixed to variable cost
subject: efficient pricing of auto insurance
subject: environmental benefit of Pay-at-the-Pump
subject: exposure risk
subject: insurance cost
subject: insurance externalities
subject: mandatory insurance
subject: safety
subject: uninsured motorist
subject: universal auto insurance

description: PAY-AT-THE-PUMP is a proposal to replace the current insurance system of lump sum payments for automobile insurance by a mechanism whereby motorists pay for their insurance as they buy fuel for their vehicles. PAY-AT-THE-PUMP has several advantages. It reduces insurance cost and cross subsidies and enhances equity. It also benefits the environment, safety, balance of payments, and security. In this paper we study limited but very important issues in the theory and implementation of PAY-AT-THE-PUMP insurance. We address issues of efficiency, subsidy, equity, externalities, safety, insurance cost and cost of insuring the uninsured motorist under a PAY-AT-THE- PUMP regime. We use the insurance industry's criticisms of mandatory auto insurance as a lens through which we view PAY-AT-THE-PUMP insurance and ask how PAY-AT-THE-PUMP fares by comparison. Finally we address one aspect of insurance that has been neglected in the current debate -- the human dimension of the problem of uninsured motorist and the contribution PAY-AT-THE-PUMP can make to solve this problem.
Clearing up the clouds around NGC 4151: evidence of a highly ionized absorber
Creators: name: Piro, L.
name: De Rosa, A.
name: Matt, G.
name: Perola, G. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC4151 is characterized by complex X-ray absorption, well described by a dual absorber, composed of a uniform mildly ionized gas and a cold system that partially covers the central source. However, in one of the 5 BeppoSAX observations, the spectrum shows two peculiar features. An absorption feature is detected around 8.5-9 keV with a statistical significance of 99.96%. This feature can be fitted either with an absorption edge at E=8.62^{+0.34}_{-0.52} keV with optical depth τ=0.06\pm0.03 or with an absorption line with 9.5^{+1.3}_{-0.6} keV, width σ=0.95^{+1.2}_{-0.7} keV and EW= 200 eV. In the first case, we associate the feature to highly ionized iron at rest, like FeXXII-FeXXIII (E_{rest}=8.4-8.5 keV). In the second case the feature could be identified with a blend of FeXXV and FeXXVI lines, with an outflow velocity v \approx (0.09-0.26)c. This spectrum is also characterized by a substantial reduction of the absorption column density and the covering fraction of the dual absorber. In particular the column density of the mildly ionized and cold absorbers is \approx 3-5 times lower than observed in the other states, and the covering fraction is reduced by \approx 40 per cent. We propose a possible explanation linking the two properties in terms of a multi-phase ionized absorber.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters
Quantum tunneling dynamics in a complex-valued Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model quench-coupled to a cool bath
Creators: name: Cheipesh, Y.
name: Pavlov, A. I.
name: Ohanesjan, V.
name: Schalm, K.
name: Gnezdilov, N. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) model describes interacting fermionic zero modes in zero spatial dimensions, e.g. quantum dot, with interactions strong enough to completely washout quasiparticle excitations in the infrared. In this paper, we consider the complex-valued SYK model at initial temperature $T$ and chemical potential $μ$ coupled to a large reservoir by a quench at time $t=0$. The reservoir is kept at zero temperature and charge neutrality. We find that the dynamics of the discharging process of the SYK quantum dot reveals a distinctive characteristic of the SYK non-Fermi liquid (nFl) state. In particular, we focus on the tunneling current induced by the quench. We show that the temperature dependent contribution to the current's half-life scales linearly in $T$ at low temperatures for the SYK nFl state, while for the Fermi liquid it scales as $T^2$.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Direct comparison of the performance of CZT detectors contacted with various metals
Creators: name: Jung, I.
name: Groza, M.
name: Perkins, J.
name: Krawczynski, H.
name: Burger, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) achieves excellent spatial resolution and good energy resolution over the broad energy range from several keV into the MeV energy range. In this paper we present the results of a systematic study of the performance of CZT detectors manufacturered by Orbotech (before IMARAD) depending on surface preparation, contact materials and contact deposition. The standard Orbotech detectors have the dimension of 2.0 x 2.0 x 0.5 cm. They have a pixellated In anode with 8 x 8 pixels and a monolithic In cathode. Using the same CZT substrates several times, we have made a direct comparison of the performance of different contact materials by replacing the cathode and/or the anode contacts with several high-workfunction metals. We present the performance of the detectors and conclude with an overview over our ongoing detector optimization.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the conference 5922, "Hard X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Detector Physics VII" on the "Optics & Photonics 2005" SPIE Symposium, July 31- August 4, 2005, San Diego, CA
The 1983-84 Suspensions of EDB under FIFRA and the 1989 Asbestos Ban and Phaseout Rule under TSCA: Two Case Studies in EPA's Use of Science
Creators: name: Powell, Mark R.
name: Powell, Mark R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper discusses EPA's acquisition and use of science in a decision under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA): the 1983-84 suspensions of ethylene dibromide (EDB); and in a decision under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): the 1989 Asbestos Ban and Phaseout Rule. By requiring EPA to balance the risks and benefits of the commercial use of toxic substances, both statutes place considerable analytical burdens on the agency, though TSCA places a more substantial burden on EPA for acquiring science and demonstrating unreasonable risks. In the case of EDB, data produced outside EPA over which the agency had no control incited a public alarm. Because a senior EPA official had contaminated the agency's reservoir of public trust by cooking the scientific data to provide regulatory relief, EPA had no credibility to portray the health risks of EDB in an objective manner. In the case of asbestos, the reviewing court, despite its limited scientific capability and lack of political accountability, substituted its own science policy judgment for that of politically accountable decision-makers of the more expert administrative agency. The court was arguably invited to do so, however, by the substantial evidentiary judicial review standard specified for TSCA by the legislature. Both cases illustrate the need for and difficulty of generating and considering scientific information regarding tradeoffs among risks in environmental regulatory decision-making.
การบริหารต้นทุนแบบญี่ปุ่นในอุตสาหกรรมเครื่องดื่มไทย: กรณีศึกษาการต้นทุนเป้าหมาย
Creators: name: ไตรรงค์ สวัสดิกุล
Publisher: name: สมาคมญี่ปุ่นศึกษาแห่งประเทศไทย
Year: 2018
Subjects: การบริหารต้นทุนแบบญี่ปุ่น
การต้นทุนเป้าหมาย
การวัดผลการดำเนินงาน
อุตสาหกรรมเครื่องดื่มไทย

description: วารสารเครือข่ายญี่ปุ่นศึกษา, 8, พิเศษ, 248-264
Private Options to Use Public Goods: Exploiting Revealed Preferences to Estimate Environmental Benefits
Creators: name: Snyder, Lori D.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Wagner, Alexander F.
name: Snyder, Lori D.
name: Stavins, Robert N.
name: Wagner, Alexander F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We develop and apply a new method for estimating the economic benefits of an environmental amenity. The method fits within the household production framework (Becker 1965), and is based upon the notion of estimating the derived demand for a privately traded option to utilize a freely-available public good. In particular, the demand for state fishing licenses is used to infer the benefits of recreational fishing. Using panel data on state fishing license sales and prices for the continental United States over a fifteen-year period, combined with data on substitute prices and demographic variables, a license demand function is estimated with instrumental variable procedures to allow for the potential endogeneity of administered prices. The econometric results lead to estimates of the benefits of a fishing license, and subsequently to the expected benefits of a recreational fishing day. In contrast with previous studies, which have utilized travel cost or hypothetical market methods, our approach provides estimates that are directly comparable across geographic areas. Further, our results suggest that the benefits of recreational fishing days are generally less than previously estimated.
Eddington-Born-Infeld action for dark energy and dark matter
Creators: name: Banados, Maximo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that Einstein gravity coupled to a Born-Infeld theory provides an attractive candidate to represent dark matter and dark energy. For cosmological models, the Born-Infeld field has an equation of state which interpolates between matter, w=0 (small times), and a cosmological constant w=-1 (large times). On galactic scales, the Born-Infeld field predicts asymptotically flat rotation curves.
description: A sign mistake in section on galactic scales is pointed out. This sign invalidates the content of that section. See comment on manuscript