cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Oscillate Boiling
Creators: name: Li, Fenfang
name: Gonzalez-Avila, Roberto
name: Nguyen, Dang Minh
name: Ohl, Claus-Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report about an intriguing boiling regime occurring for small heaters embedded on the boundary in subcooled water. The microheater is realized by focusing a continuous wave laser beam to about $10\,μ$m in diameter onto a 165\,nm-thick layer of gold, which is submerged in water. After an initial vaporous explosion a single bubble oscillates continuously and repeatably at several $100\,$kHz. The microbubble's oscillations are accompanied with bubble pinch-off leading to a stream of gaseous bubbles into the subcooled water. The self-driven bubble oscillation is explained with a thermally kicked oscillator caused by the non-spherical collapses and by surface pinning. Additionally, Marangoni stresses induce a recirculating streaming flow which transports cold liquid towards the microheater reducing diffusion of heat along the substrate and therefore stabilizing the phenomenon to many million cycles. We speculate that this oscillate boiling regime may allow to overcome the heat transfer thresholds observed during the nucleate boiling crisis and offers a new pathway for heat transfer under microgravity conditions.
Heavily Doped Emitter Analysis and Optimization for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Nguyen, V.
name: Reuter, M.
name: Gedeon, P.
name: Zapf-Gottwick, R.
name: Werner, J.H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2028-2031
description: Reducing the inactive phosphorus concentration at heavily doped emitter surface reduces emitter surface
recombination velocity. A new 60 Ω/sq emitter with less inactive phosphorus at the surface reduces emitter saturation
current density by a factor two. The new 60 Ω/sq emitter shows a gain of +15 mV for VOC and +0.8 mA/cm2 for JSC when
compared to a conventional 60 Ω/sq emitter. However, a reduced FF by Delta FF = –1.8 % results in no gain in conversion
efficiency. Modelling of the emitter saturation current density shows a lower surface recombination velocity for the new
emitter compared to the conventional emitter, thus explaining the higher blue response of the measured quantum
efficiency.
Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 6 2022
Creators: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Publisher: name: Дагестанский территориальный институт профессиональных бухгалтеров
Year: 2022

description: Вестник научной мысли,Выпуск 6 2022
Non--analytic terms from nested divergences in maximal supergravity
Creators: name: Basu, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $D^4\mathcal{R}^4$ and $D^6\mathcal{R}^4$ coefficient functions in the effective action of type II string theory compactified on $T^d$ contain terms of the form $\mathcal{E}_1 {\rm ln}g_d$ and $\mathcal{E}_2 ({\rm ln}g_d)^2$ in specific dimensions, where $g_d$ is the T--duality invariant string coupling, and $\mathcal{E}_1$ and $\mathcal{E}_2$ are U--duality invariant coefficient functions. We derive these non--analytic terms from nested ultraviolet divergences in two and three loop maximal supergravity. For the $D^4\mathcal{R}^4$ coupling, the contribution involves $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{R}^4} {\rm ln} g_d$, while for the $D^6\mathcal{R}^4$ coupling, it involves $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{R}^4} {\rm ln} g_d$, $\mathcal{E}_{D^2\mathcal{R}^4} ({\rm ln} g_d)^2$ and $\mathcal{E}_{D^4\mathcal{R}^4} {\rm ln} g_d$; where $\mathcal{E}_{\mathcal{R}^4}$, $\mathcal{E}_{D^2\mathcal{R}^4}$ and $\mathcal{E}_{D^4\mathcal{R}^4}$ are the $\mathcal{R}^4$, $D^2\mathcal{R}^4$ and $D^4\mathcal{R}^4$ coefficient functions respectively. The contribution from $\mathcal{E}_{D^2\mathcal{R}^4}$, the coefficient function of an amplitude that vanishes onshell, arises from a two loop nested subdivergence of the three loop amplitude.
description: 34 pages, LaTeX, 7 figures
Conception of Ultra-Thin Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Massiot, I.
name: Collin, S.
name: Colin, C.
name: Péré-Laperne, N.
name: Bardou, N.
name: Dupuis, C.
name: Roca I Cabarrocas, P.
name: Pelouard, J.-L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 398-401
description: Advanced light trapping in thin absorber layers is a breakthrough for next-generation low cost and efficient
photovoltaic (PV) systems. We propose a design based on an ultrathin amorphous silicon solar cell with an embedded
sub-wavelength nanopatterned metallic layer. Light absorption enhancement in the active layer is achieved through the
contributions of different mechanisms. A short-circuit density current of 14 mA/cm2 is theoretically predicted for a cell
with a 90 nm-thick a-Si:H absorber layer. Preliminary experimental results of plasmonic structures with an ultrathin a-
Si:H layer are presented.
The Role of a Flasher's Pulse Time in a PV Test Laboratory
Creators: name: Hoyer, U.
name: Pinna, L.
name: Swonke, T.
name: Auer, R.
name: Brabec, C.J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3421-3423
description: Too short pulse durations of solar simulators usually used in test laboratories can cause misleading
results of the fill factor and therefore the values of voltage and current at the maximum power point. The value of the
maximum power is the most important of all values of the entire I-V characteristic, more important than the short
circuit current ISC and the open circuit voltage VOC which are not influenced by the pulse width. The growing
efficiency of crystalline silicon solar modules along with the thereby caused increased cell capacitance as well as
steadily new photovoltaic technologies often require longer pulse times than traditional solar modules. In this
manuscript we will show the dependency of the pulse time on the measurement uncertainty for different PV
technologies and will give suggestions for minimum measurement durations for a reasonable uncertainty level.
Application of Plasmonic and Size Solutions in a-Si:H Solar Cells
Creators: name: Kolodziej, A.
name: Baranowski, W.
name: Kolodziej, M.
name: Kolodziej, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 402-405
description: The possibility of manufacturing nanostructures inside the front or back electrode layers, which would
have form of metallic pellets, and which would be able to scatter the light modifying its spectrum in a desirable way
from the one side and the nanostructural modifications of the absorber from the second side are presented in the
paper. The front and back components were fabricated in multistep RMS process with periodically changed process
parameters. The absorber components were made in RF PECVD process at low and high pressures with graded H2,
SiH4, GeH4 flow and various plasma power conditions. The samples were made on both glass and silicon wafer in
low temperatures. The analyses of light transmissions and reflections as well as the structure and composition control
of the components of the thin silicon solar cell were conducted.
Anais do I Colóquio Internacional dos Programas Profissionais de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem
Creators: name: Matumoto, Silvia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: O 1º COLÓQUIO INTERNACIONAL DOS PROGRAMAS PROFISSIONAIS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENFERMAGEM foi realizado na Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo – USP nos dias 5, 6 e 7 de Junho de 2019. Teve por finalidade promover conhecimento e discussão sobre a realidade dos programas profissionais em enfermagem brasileiros e estrangeiros, suas similaridades e diferenças.
$p$-adic AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Gubser, Steven S.
name: Knaute, Johannes
name: Parikh, Sarthak
name: Samberg, Andreas
name: Witaszczyk, Przemek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a $p$-adic analog to AdS/CFT, where an unramified extension of the $p$-adic numbers replaces Euclidean space as the boundary and a version of the Bruhat-Tits tree replaces the bulk. Correlation functions are computed in the simple case of a single massive scalar in the bulk, with results that are strikingly similar to ordinary holographic correlation functions when expressed in terms of local zeta functions. We give some brief discussion of the geometry of $p$-adic chordal distance and of Wilson loops. Our presentation includes an introduction to $p$-adic numbers.
description: 53 pages, 6 figures. v2: Improved discussion of normalizations and chordal distance
Confucianism From China to Japan: The Unseen Impact of Transnational Movement of Ideas
Creators: name: Deng, Siming
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Confucianism
subject: Tokugawa Era
subject: Intellectual Movement
subject: Comparative Social Thoughts

description: This thesis explores the impact of Confucianism's intellectual transition and transformation from China to Tokugawa Japan. Confucianism, as a system of thoughts in continuous adjustments and growth, was deeply embedded into the socio-political environment in which it resided, forming a highly contagious and sophisticated nexus of ideas capable of generating influences on the societal level. In the case of Tokugawa Confucianism, however, intellectual influences were not monotonously imposed from China but also led to reactions from the society -- the unseen impact. Utilizing synthetically both the sociological insights and classic Confucian texts, this paper provides a narrative of the unseen impact of Tokugawa Confucianism, examining a gradual shift of social structure towards the Chinese model- from vertical and rigid hierarchy to a horizontal and flexible one. Derived from this leveling of social status was an unintentional emancipation of intellectual awareness.
Stratified NH and ND emission in the prestellar core 16293E in L1689N
Creators: name: Bacmann, A.
name: Daniel, F.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Lis, D.
name: Vastel, C.
name: Dumouchel, F.
name: Lique, F.
name: Caux, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High degrees of deuterium fractionation are commonly found in cold prestellar cores and in the envelopes around young protostars. As it brings strong constraints to chemical models, deuterium chemistry is often used to infer core history or molecule formation pathways. Whereas a large number of observations is available regarding interstellar deuterated stable molecules, relatively little is known about the deuteration of hydride radicals, as their fundamental rotational transitions are at high frequencies where the atmosphere is mostly opaque. Nitrogen hydride radicals are important species in nitrogen chemistry, as they are thought to be related to ammonia formation. Observations have shown that ammonia is strongly deuterated, with [NH2D]/[NH3] ~ 10%. Models predict similarly high [ND]/[NH] ratios, but so far only one observational determination of this ratio is available, towards the envelope of the protostar IRAS16293-2422. In order to test model predictions, we aim here at determining [ND]/[NH] in a dense, starless core. We observed NH and ND in 16293E with the HIFI spectrometer on board the Herschel Space Observatory as part of the CHESS guaranteed time key programme, and derived the abundances of these two species using a non-LTE non-local radiative transfer model. Both NH and ND are detected in the source, with ND in emission and NH in absorption against the continuum arising from the cold dust emission. Our model shows however that the ND emission and the NH absorption originate from different layers in the cloud, as further evidenced by their different velocities. In the central region of the core, we can set a lower limit to the [ND]/[NH] ratio of ~2%. This estimate is consistent with recent pure gas-phase models of nitrogen chemistry
description: accepted by A&A
Self-Sovereign Identity as a Service: Architecture in Practice
Creators: name: Ding, Yepeng
name: Sato, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self-sovereign identity (SSI) has gained a large amount of interest. It enables physical entities to retain ownership and control of their digital identities, which naturally forms a conceptual decentralized architecture. With the support of the distributed ledger technology (DLT), it is possible to implement this conceptual decentralized architecture in practice and further bring technical advantages such as privacy protection, security enhancement, high availability. However, developing such a relatively new identity model has high costs and risks with uncertainty. To facilitate the use of the DLT-based SSI in practice, we formulate Self-Sovereign Identity as a Service (SSIaaS), a concept that enables a system, especially a system cluster, to readily adopt SSI as its identity model for identification, authentication, and authorization. We propose a practical architecture by elaborating the service concept, SSI, and DLT to implement SSIaaS platforms and SSI services. Besides, we present an architecture for constructing and customizing SSI services with a set of architectural patterns and provide corresponding evaluations. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed architecture in practice with Selfid, an SSIaaS platform based on our proposed architecture.
Inline Single Side Oxide Etch for Rear Side Passivated Solar Cells
Creators: name: Sander, B.-U.
name: Queißer, D.
name: Queißer, S.
name: Delahaye, F.
name: Merkle, A.
name: Brendemühl, T.
name: Dullweber, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2036-2038
description: To improve the conversion efficiency of solar cells, a surface passivation layer on the rear side of the
wafer is required, e.g. silicon oxide. During thermal oxidation the oxide layer is formed on both sides of the wafer. In
order to minimize the reflection of the front side of the solar cell, it is necessary to remove the silicon oxide from this
side of the wafer. However, until now single side oxide removal requires costly masking techniques consisting of
multiple process steps. This paper shows that single side oxide removal for rear-side passivated cells can be
performed by using wet chemical inline equipment. The newly developed single side oxide etching process is based
on industrial scale edge isolation equipment. Oxide layers with thicknesses of up to 300nm have been completely
removed from one side of mono crystalline wafers in a prototype scale inline tool. The wafers were saw-damage
etched, single side polished or textured before oxidation. After single side oxide etch, there was no visible etching of
the oxide on the other side of the wafer. Ellipsometer measurements reveal a slight reduction in oxide thickness up to
5% at 1cm from wafer edge. In addition, we demonstrate the successful single side oxide removal on laser drilled
wafers for emitter wrap through solar cells. Further characterisation of the single side oxide etched wafers and results
of high efficiency cells made with the new process are shown in the paper.
Interacting atomic interferometry for rotation sensing approaching the Heisenberg Limit
Creators: name: Ragole, Stephen
name: Taylor, Jacob M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atom interferometers provide exquisite measurements of the properties of non-inertial frames. While atomic interactions are typically detrimental to good sensing, efforts to harness entanglement to improve sensitivity remain tantalizing. Here we explore the role of interactions in an analogy between atomic gyroscopes and SQUIDs, motivated by recent experiments realizing ring shaped traps for ultracold atoms. We explore the one-dimensional limit of these ring systems with a moving weak barrier, such as that provided by a blue-detuned laser beam. In this limit, we employ Luttinger liquid theory and find an analogy with the superconducting phase-slip qubit, in which the topological charge associated with persistent currents can be put into superposition. In particular, we find that strongly-interacting atoms in such a system could be used for precision rotation sensing. We compare the performance of this new sensor to an equivalent non-interacting atom interferometer, and find improvements in sensitivity and bandwidth beyond the atomic shot-noise limit.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Characterization of Selective Emitter Formation for Industrial Application in Multicrystalline Silicon Wafers Using Laser Doping
Creators: name: Safiei, A.
name: Pletzer, T.M.
name: Windgassen, H.
name: Bleidiessel, R.
name: Kurz, H.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2047-2050
description: Laser doping (LD) is an attractive alternative to the conventional thermal diffusion method based on
punctual phosphorus diffusion and offers many advantages of realizing selective emitters on industrial scale, e.g. the
process is contactless. The formation of selective emitter with lower doped areas between the contact fingers and
higher doped areas beneath the front side metallization increases the efficiency (eta) of silicon solar cells. In this study
the selective emitter formation was achieved by a nanosecond pulsed laser at wavelength of 532 nm patterning
phosphorus doped PSG films. Phosphorus diffusion profiles were analysed by electrochemical capacity voltage
(ECV) measurements. The optimum parameters determined demonstrate the potential of laser doped selective
emitters on mc-Si wafers.
Spatial conductivity mapping of unprotected and capped black phosphorus using microwave microscopy
Creators: name: de Visser, Pieter J.
name: Chua, Rebekah
name: Island, Joshua O.
name: Finkel, Matvey
name: Katan, Allard J.
name: Thierschmann, Holger
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
name: Klapwijk, Teun M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thin layers of black phosphorus present an ideal combination of a 2D material with a tunable direct bandgap and high carrier mobility. However the material suffers from degradation in ambient conditions due to an oxidation reaction which involves water, oxygen and light. We have measured the spatial profile of the conductivity on flakes of black phosphorus as a function of time using scanning microwave impedance microscopy. A microwave excitation (3 GHz) allows to image a conducting sample even when covered with a dielectric layer. We observe that on bare black phosphorus, the conductivity changes drastically over the whole surface within a day. We demonstrate that the degradation process is slowed down considerably by covering the material with a 10 nm layer of hafnium oxide. It is stable for more than a week, opening up a route towards stable black phosphorus devices in which the high dielectric constant of hafnium oxide can be exploited. Covering black phosphorus with a 15 nm boron nitride flake changes the degradation process qualitatively, it is dominated by the edges of the flake indicating a diffusive process and happens on the scale of days.
description: Accepted for publication in 2D Materials
Texturing of String Ribbon Silicon
Creators: name: Gindner, S.
name: Junge, J.
name: Seren, S.
name: Hahn, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2024-2027
description: Surface texturing is a common way to enhance the amount of photons absorbed in a material by
reducing reflectance and thus can be used to increase the short circuit current of a silicon solar cell. In this work a
new promising one-sided wet chemical texture and an optimized SF6/O2 plasma texture are tested on String Ribbon
(SR) material. For both textures reflectance measurements are presented and compared to monocrystalline FZ
material which is used as reference. Solar cells are produced in a photolithography based high efficiency process.
First cell results from plasma textured and non-textured wafers are obtained.
Towards In-Line Alkaline Texturing for Monocrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Fano, V.
name: Rodríguez, V.
name: Tejado, L.
name: Jimeno, J.C.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2032-2035
description: It is well-known that inline configuration simplifies the process flow. Due to long process
time (longer than 20 min) for industrial anisotropic texturing recipes, feasibility for inline configurations
has not been observed, until the moment. In case of isotropic texturing, inline equipment is a system total
integrated in the manufacturing industry. Our work focuses on developing a prototype for in-line
anisotropic texturing of monocrystalline silicon solar cells.
A diluted and short time anisotropic recipe gives the chance of developing an inline anisotropic texturing
prototype experiments carried out in a lab prototype, built by Lumiplas S.L. Reflectance measurements
and optical micrographs analyze obtained quality of texturing allowing us to study the prototype
feasibility. Silicon wafers with 13% reflectance are obtained in the lab prototype. Some technical changes
are being incorporated trying to rectify the drawbacks after transferring the successful batch technology to
inline prototype.
Distance for Functional Data Clustering Based on Smoothing Parameter Commutation
Creators: name: Tzeng, ShengLi
name: Hennig, Christian
name: Li, Yu-Fen
name: Lin, Chien-Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel method to determine the dissimilarity between subjects for functional data clustering. Spline smoothing or interpolation is common to deal with data of such type. Instead of estimating the best-representing curve for each subject as fixed during clustering, we measure the dissimilarity between subjects based on varying curve estimates with commutation of smoothing parameters pair-by-pair (of subjects). The intuitions are that smoothing parameters of smoothing splines reflect inverse signal-to-noise ratios and that applying an identical smoothing parameter the smoothed curves for two similar subjects are expected to be close. The effectiveness of our proposal is shown through simulations comparing to other dissimilarity measures. It also has several pragmatic advantages. First, missing values or irregular time points can be handled directly, thanks to the nature of smoothing splines. Second, conventional clustering method based on dissimilarity can be employed straightforward, and the dissimilarity also serves as a useful tool for outlier detection. Third, the implementation is almost handy since subroutines for smoothing splines and numerical integration are widely available. Fourth, the computational complexity does not increase and is parallel with that in calculating Euclidean distance between curves estimated by smoothing splines.
Reduced Passivation of Silicon Surfaces at Low Injection Densities Caused by H-Induced Defects
Creators: name: Steingrube, S.
name: Altermatt, P.P.
name: Zielke, D.
name: Werner, F.
name: Schmidt, J.
name: Brendel, R.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 1748-1754
description: Surface recombination of Si solar cells is effectively reduced by deposition of charged dielectrics, such
as positively charged SiNx or negatively charged Al2O3. However, surface passivation of Si by positively charged
SiNx layers is well known to deteriorate strongly at low illumination conditions for acceptor densities below 1017
cm−3. Thus, the surfaces of p-Si cells are usually diffused with dopants. A qualitatively similar effect has recently
been observed for Al2O3 layers on n-Si. This phenomenon is not well understood and, accordingly, cannot be avoided
up to date. We quantify this effect for all relevant dopant and injection densities by means of a physical model that
includes a damaged region in a thin layer underneath the passivating layer. The thickness of this layer is 0.1 – 1 μm in
case of SiNx and only 10 – 100 nm for Al2O3. The damage does not necessarily originate from the deposition
conditions alone, but possibly also from the wafer pretreatment. A tenfold improvement of the defect density within
the surface damage region is shown to eliminate the problem.
Self-mentoring: a new deep learning pipeline to train a self-supervised U-net for few-shot learning of bio-artificial capsule segmentation
Creators: name: Deleruyelle, Arnaud
name: Versari, Cristian
name: Klein, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Accurate segmentation of microscopic structures such as bio-artificial capsules in microscopy imaging is a prerequisite to the computer-aided understanding of important biomechanical phenomenons. State-of-the-art segmentation performances are achieved by deep neural networks and related data-driven approaches. Training these networks from only a few annotated examples is challenging while producing manually annotated images that provide supervision is tedious. Method: Recently, self-supervision, i.e. designing a neural pipeline providing synthetic or indirect supervision, has proved to significantly increase generalization performances of models trained on few shots. The objective of this paper is to introduce one such neural pipeline in the context of micro-capsule image segmentation. Our method leverages the rather simple content of these images so that a trainee network can be mentored by a referee network which has been previously trained on synthetically generated pairs of corrupted/correct region masks. Results: Challenging experimental setups are investigated. They involve from only 3 to 10 annotated images along with moderately large amounts of unannotated images. In a bio-artificial capsule dataset, our approach consistently and drastically improves accuracy. We also show that the learnt referee network is transferable to another Glioblastoma cell dataset and that it can be efficiently coupled with data augmentation strategies. Conclusions: Experimental results show that very significant accuracy increments are obtained by the proposed pipeline, leading to the conclusion that the self-supervision mechanism introduced in this paper has the potential to replace human annotations.
Towards a Self-Aligned Process for Selective Emitters on Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Poulain, G.
name: Boulord, C.
name: Blanc-Pélissier, D.
name: Kaminski-Cachopo, A.
name: Gauthier, M.
name: Semmache, B.
name: Pellegrin, Y.
name: Lemiti, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2010
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Materials and Cells

description: 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 2043-2046
description: Selective emitter solar cells can provide a significant increase in conversion efficiency. However most
approaches still need many technological steps and alignment procedures. In this paper we propose a single-step selective
emitter process compatible with self-aligned electrochemical metal contact deposition. Silicon substrates with
phosphosilicate glass and silicon nitride layers are used to demonstrate the laser-induced increase of dopant concentration
in lightly doped phosphorous emitters. Sheet resistance variation from 100 Ω/sq to 40 Ω/sq is demonstrated with a
nanosecond UV laser for optimised process parameters. Potential applications are discussed in view of doping profiles,
passivation properties and electrical characterisation.
Discontinuous emergence of a giant cluster in assortative scale-free networks
Creators: name: Jeong, Yeonsu
name: Oh, Soo Min
name: Cho, Young Sul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A giant cluster emerges discontinuously in bond percolation in various networks when the growth of large clusters is globally suppressed. It was recently revealed that this phenomenon occurs even in a scale-free (SF) network, where hubs accelerate the growth of large clusters. The SF network used in the previous study was disassortative, though, so it is necessary to check whether the phenomenon also occurs in an assortative SF network, where each hub prefers to be connected to another hub and thus the large cluster growth is accelerated. In this paper, we find that the phenomenon, namely the discontinuous emergence of a giant cluster in bond percolation with the global suppression of large clusters, also occurs in an assortative SF network. Interestingly, the generated network is also assortative but not a SF network at the transition point, unlike the disassortative SF network generated at the transition point in the previous study. We observe similar behaviors in two additional models and discuss the results.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Quality Assurance of Crystalline Photovoltaic Modules by Using Different Characterisation Techniques
Creators: name: Ebner, R.
name: Zamini, S.
name: Stowasser, R.
name: Eusch, I.
name: Battistutti, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3400-3403
description: The large, quickly evolving PV production market demands for a permanent improvement of the
quality and reliability of PV modules. In recent years electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL) and
infrared measurements (IR) demonstrated to be powerful, non-destructive tools for qualitative analysis of PV module
performances. In previous works it was shown that for a fast detection with high resolution of the most common
defects in PV modules, a combination of EL and IR measurements is necessary [1, 2, 3]. In spite of the number of
available analyzing techniques, many failure and degradation mechanisms are still unknown. Therefore, the aim of
this work was to improve the quality and reliability of PV modules by a more precise defect detection, the “defect
tracking method”. The “defect tracking method” started with the analysis of crystalline cells and ended with the
characterization of crystalline PV-modules which were produced from these cells.
Collective Radiance of Giant Atoms in Non-Markovian Regime
Creators: name: Qiu, Qing-Yang
name: Wu, Ying
name: Lü, Xin-You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the non-Markovian dynamics of two giant artificial atoms interacting with a continuum of bosonic modes in a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide. Based on the diagrammatic method, we present the exact analytical solutions, which predict the rich phenomena of collective radiance. For the certain collective states, the decay rates are found to be far beyond that predicted in the the Dicke model and standard Markovian framework, which indicates the occurrence of super-superradiance. The superadiance-to-subradiance transition could be realized by adjusting the exchange symmetry of giant atoms. Moreover, there exists multiple bound states in continuum (BICs), with photons/phonons bouncing back and forth in the cavity-like geometries formed by the coupling points. The trapped photons/phonons in the BICs can also be re-released conveniently by changing the energy level splitting of giant atoms. The mechanism relies on the joint effects of the coherent time-delayed feedback and the interference between the coupling points of giant atoms. This work fundamentally broadens the fields of giant atom collective radiance by introducing non-Markovianity. It also paves the way for a clean analytical description of nonlinear open quantum system with more complex retardation.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures + Supplemental Material (15 pages, 3 figures)
Studying Critical String Emerging from Non-Abelian Vortex in Four Dimensions
Creators: name: Koroteev, P.
name: Shifman, M.
name: Yung, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a special vortex string was found [5] in a class of soliton vortices supported in four-dimensional Yang-Mills theories that under certain conditions can become infinitely thin and can be interpreted as a critical ten-dimensional string. The appropriate bulk Yang-Mills theory has the U(2) gauge group and the Fayet-Iliopoulos term. It supports semilocal non-Abelian vortices with the world-sheet theory for orientational and size moduli described by the weighted CP(2,2) model. The full target space is R_4\times Y_6 where Y_6 is a non-compact Calabi-Yau space. We study the above vortex string from the standpoint of string theory, focusing on the massless states in four dimensions. In the generic case all massless modes are non-normalizable, hence, no massless gravitons or vector fields are predicted in the physical spectrum. However, at the selfdual point (at strong coupling) weighted CP(2,2) admits deformation of the complex structure, resulting in a single massless hypermultiplet in the bulk. We interpret it as a composite "baryon."
description: 15 pages, no figures, minor corrections
Optical Characterization of ZnTeO Intermediate Band Solar Cells
Creators: name: Tanaka, T.
name: Yu, K.M.
name: Levander, A.X.
name: Dubon, O.D.
name: Reichertz, L.A.
name: Lopez, N.
name: Nishio, M.
name: Walukiewicz, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 415-417
description: Optical properties of ZnTe1-xOx (ZnTeO) and evidence for the photovoltaic (PV) activity of a ZnTeO
intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) are reported. Electron transitions from the intermediate band to the conduction
band were observed by photomodulated reflectance measurements. The optical absorption coefficients for the
electron transition from the valence band to the intermediate band exceeds 2  104 cm-1, suitable for thin film PV
device applications. The ZnTeO IBSC exhibits an enhanced spectral response below the bandedge of ZnTe, and all
results are consistent with the proposed conversion mechanism of IBSC.
Comparative Study of the Temperature Dependent Delamination Behavior of Four Solar Cell Encapsulants to Glass and Backsheet-Laminate
Creators: name: Oreski, G.
name: Pinter, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3305-3309
description: Delamination of one or more layers is one of the most critical failure modes of a PV module during
service lifetime. The aim of these investigations was to study the temperature dependency of the delamination
behavior of four different solar cell encapsulants (EVA, Thermoplastic Silicon Elastomer (TPSE), Ionomer and
Polyolefin) to glass and to a standard backsheet laminate (PVF-PET-PVF), respectively. Therefore, glassencapsulant-
backsheet as well as backsheet-encapsulant-backsheet specimens with a width of 25 mm were
laminated according to data sheet specifications of the materials suppliers. To characterize the temperature
dependent delamination behavior, peel tests at application relevant temperature levels (room temperature, 40, 60
and 70 °C) have been conducted.
The peel tests at varying temperatures revealed significant differences in the delamination behavior of the
investigated solar cell encapsulants, both to glass and to the backsheet. Regarding the backsheet – backsheet
laminates, at room temperature for all encapsulants an excellent adhesion to the backsheet was measured. Except
for TPSE all materials exhibited strong temperature dependence. With increasing temperature decreasing
adhesion strength was determined. For the glass – backsheet laminates similar effects were observed. The TPSE
laminate showed excellent adhesion to glass at all temperature levels. Like for the backsheet – backsheet
laminates, the other materials exhibited a strong decrease of the peel force at elevated temperatures.
Summarized, over the whole temperature range TPSE showed a far better adhesion to glass and the backsheet
laminate than the other investigated films. Furthermore, these investigations point out the relevance of peel
testing at elevated, application relevant temperatures. The results showed that the delamination and fracture
behavior is strongly dependent on the temperature and the selected solar cell encapsulation material.
Close encounters involving RAVE stars beyond the 47 Tucanae tidal radius
Creators: name: Fernández-Trincado, J. G.
name: Robin, A. C.
name: Reylé, C.
name: Vieira, K.
name: Palmer, M.
name: Moreno, E.
name: Valenzuela, O.
name: Pichardo, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most accurate 6D phase-space information from the Radial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) was used to integrate the orbits of 105 stars around the galactic globular cluster 47 Tucanae, to look for close encounters between them in the past, with a minimum distance approach less than the cluster tidal radius. The stars are currently over the distance range 3.0 kpc $
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 table, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
VIDI: A Video Dataset of Incidents
Creators: name: Sesver, Duygu
name: Gençoğlu, Alp Eren
name: Yıldız, Çağrı Emre
name: Günindi, Zehra
name: Habibi, Faeze
name: Yazıcı, Ziya Ata
name: Ekenel, Hazım Kemal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic detection of natural disasters and incidents has become more important as a tool for fast response. There have been many studies to detect incidents using still images and text. However, the number of approaches that exploit temporal information is rather limited. One of the main reasons for this is that a diverse video dataset with various incident types does not exist. To address this need, in this paper we present a video dataset, Video Dataset of Incidents, VIDI, that contains 4,534 video clips corresponding to 43 incident categories. Each incident class has around 100 videos with a duration of ten seconds on average. To increase diversity, the videos have been searched in several languages. To assess the performance of the recent state-of-the-art approaches, Vision Transformer and TimeSformer, as well as to explore the contribution of video-based information for incident classification, we performed benchmark experiments on the VIDI and Incidents Dataset. We have shown that the recent methods improve the incident classification accuracy. We have found that employing video data is very beneficial for the task. By using the video data, the top-1 accuracy is increased to 76.56% from 67.37%, which was obtained using a single frame. VIDI will be made publicly available. Additional materials can be found at the following link: https://github.com/vididataset/VIDI.
On the Modelling and Evaluation of Spectrally Tuned Quantum Well Solar Cells: Initial Field Results
Creators: name: Paraskeva, V.
name: Norton, M.
name: Dobbin, A.
name: Tibbits, T.
name: Chonavel, S.
name: Georghiou, G.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 380-383
description: Knowledge of the spectral content at a particular location is essential for annual energy production
prediction and for spectral tuning of III-V multi-junction (MJ) solar cells. Simulated spectra for Nicosia, Cyprus,
were generated using the SMARTS model and spectrally tuned quantum well solar cells were produced for the
highest energy yield in Cyprus. Comparison of the electrical characteristics between spectrally tuned quantum well
solar cells and conventional triple junction cells has been performed indicating the advantages of the new tuned cells.
The effect of secondary optics on the electrical parameters of the cell was also investigated using a dielectric
secondary optical element similar in function to a compound parabolic concentrator. Finally, a comparison between
the modelled and measured data was undertaken in order to evaluate the ability of SMARTS to realistically predict
the solar spectrum, and to indicate the accuracy of the modelled output of the cells.
Fabrication and Photovoltaic Properties of Nanoporous Black Mc-Si Solar Cells
Creators: name: Xu, F.
name: Shi, J.
name: Zhou, P.
name: Ma, Z.
name: Jiang, Z.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics : New Concepts and Ultra-High Efficiency
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 421-423
description: Nanoporous (NP) black multicrystalline-silicon (mc-Si) structure on mc-Si substrate has been formed
by cheap and simple Ag-induced chemical etching. Unique morphologies of nano-scale holes and the optical
properties of low reflectance (< 5%) of NP black mc-Si were obtained and studied. The photovoltaic properties of NP
black mc-Si solar cells show that surface recombination plays an important role in conversion efficiency depression
although very low surface reflectance could be realized. Damage removal prior to Ag-induced chemical etching is
one approach to gain better results. The NP black mc-Si structure can be easily applied to industrial mc-Si solar cell
fabrication processes due to its high absorption properties to incident light.
High efficiency dielectric metasurfaces at visible wavelengths
Creators: name: Devlin, Robert C.
name: Khorasaninejad, Mohammadreza
name: Chen, Wei-Ting
name: Oh, Jaewon
name: Capasso, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metasurfaces are planar optical elements that hold promise for overcoming the limitations of refractive and conventional diffractive optics1-3. Dielectric metasurfaces demonstrated thus far4-10 are limited to transparency windows at infrared wavelengths because of significant optical absorption and loss at visible wavelengths. It is critical that new materials and fabrication techniques be developed for dielectric metasurfaces at visible wavelengths to enable applications such as three-dimensional displays, wearable optics and planar optical systems11. Here, we demonstrate high performance titanium dioxide dielectric metasurfaces in the form of holograms for red, green and blue wavelengths with record absolute efficiency (>78%). We use atomic layer deposition of amorphous titanium dioxide that exhibits low surface roughness of 0.738 nm and ideal optical properties. To fabricate the metasurfaces we use a lift-off-like process that allows us to produce highly anisotropic nanofins with shape birefringence. This process is applicable to any optical element and can be implemented using a broad class of materials.
Measurement of Spectral-Spatial Distribution of Global Irradiance
Creators: name: Leers, M.
name: Preiss, A.
name: Krauter, S.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2011
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3378-3382
description: Accurate determination of power output and energy yield
is crucial for profitable operation of PV power plants.
Usually the level of global irradiance is used to determine
resp. actual power output. However, this method does
consider neither incidence angle nor spectral effects in
detail. Usually, a rather vague "performance ratio" is used
instead. In order to reduce that uncertainty, a simulation
program to follow every possible ray from the sky sphere
through the module encapsulation into the cell has been
set-up, considering reflection at every interface,
transitivity, dispersion and angular (resp. spatial) effects.
However, this program requires as input the spatialspectral
distribution of irradiance to carry out accurate
simulations. To provide that data, the spatial distribution of
the spectra and luminescence has been measured in an
outdoor laboratory via a sky-scanner and a spectrometer.
The measured irradiance distribution over the sky-sphere
has been compared to standard models ([3], [4]) including
spectral distribution; moreover the measured data has
been used to calculate the effective irradiance received
from different modules during a period of one year. The
calculations of the resulting , power outputs, and energy
yield shall be compared to actual measurements. The
results of this work will become even more relevant while
emerging thin film technologies such as a-Si, CdTe and
CIGS have rather different spectral responses which
cannot be analyzed and compared using the conventional
global irradiance approach.