cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Core-collapse supernova simulations in one and two dimensions: comparison of codes and approximations
Creators: name: Just, Oliver
name: Bollig, Robert
name: Janka, Hans-Thomas
name: Obergaulinger, Martin
name: Glas, Robert
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spherically symmetric (1D) and axisymmetric (2D) supernova simulations for a convection-dominated 9 Msun and a 20 Msun progenitor that develops violent activity by the standing-accretion-shock instability (SASI). We compare in detail the Aenus-Alcar code, which uses fully multidimensional two-moment neutrino transport with an M1 closure, with a ray-by-ray-plus (RbR+) version of this code and with the Prometheus-Vertex code that employs RbR+ two-moment transport with a Boltzmann closure. Besides testing consequences of ignored non-radial neutrino-flux components in the RbR+ approximation, we also discuss the influence of various transport ingredients applied or not applied in recent literature, namely simplified neutrino-pair processes, neutrino-electron scattering, velocity-dependent and gravitational-redshift terms, and strangeness and many-body corrections for neutrino-nucleon scattering. Alcar and Vertex show excellent agreement in 1D and 2D despite a slightly but systematically smaller radius (~1km) and stronger convection of the proto-neutron star with Alcar. As found previously, the RbR+ approximation is conducive to explosions, but much less severely in the convection-dominated 9 Msun case than in the marginally exploding 20 Msun model, where the onset time of explosion also exhibits big stochastic variations, and the RbR+ approximation has no distinctly stronger supportive effect than simplified pair processes or strangeness and many-body corrections. Neglecting neutrino-electron scattering has clearly unfavorable effects for explosions, while ignoring velocity and gravitational-redshift effects can both promote or delay the explosion. The ratio of advection timescale to neutrino-heating timescale in 1D simulations is a sensitive indicator of the influence of physics ingredients on explosions also in multidimensional simulations.
description: 32 pages, 15 figures, accepted to MNRAS, extended the ray-by-ray analysis and final discussion compared to version 1, results remain unchanged
Additional file 1 of Primo: integration of multiple GWAS and omics QTL summary statistics for elucidation of molecular mechanisms of trait-associated SNPs and detection of pleiotropy in complex traits
Creators: name: Gleason, Kevin J.
name: Yang, Fan
name: Pierce, Brandon L.
name: He, Xin
name: Chen, Lin S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 Supplemental methods, supplementary Table 1 and supplementary figures.
The Fading Optical Counterpart of GRB~970228, Six Months and One Year Later
Creators: name: Fruchter, A. S.
name: Pian, E.
name: Thorsett, S. E.
name: Bergeron, L. E.
name: Gonzalez, R. A.
name: Metzger, M.
name: Goudfrooij, P.
name: Sahu, K. C.
name: Ferguson, H.
name: Livio, M.
name: Mutchler, M.
name: Petro, L.
name: Frontera, F.
name: Galama, T.
name: Groot, P.
name: Hook, R.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Macchetto, D.
name: van Paradijs, J.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Pedersen, H.
name: Sparks, W.
name: Tavani, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on observations of the fading optical counterpart of the gamma-ray burst GRB 970228, made with the Hubble Space Telescope STIS CCD approximately six months after outburst and with the HST/NICMOS and Keck/NIRC approximately one year after outburst. The unresolved counterpart is detected by STIS at V=28.0 +/- 0.25, consistent with a continued power-law decline with exponent -1.14 +/- 0.05. The counterpart is located within, but near the edge of, a faint extended source with diameter ~0."8 and integrated magnitude V=25.8 +/- 0.25. A reanalysis of HST and NTT observations performed shortly after the burst shows no evidence of proper motion of the point source or fading of the extended emission. Only the extended source is visible in the NICMOS images with a magnitude of H=23.3 +/- 0.1. The Keck observations find K = 22.8 +/- 0.3. Several distinct and independent means of deriving the foreground extinction in the direction of GRB 970228 all agree with A_V = 0.75 +/- 0.2. After adjusting for Galactic extinction, we find that the size of the observed extended emission is consistent with that of galaxies of comparable magnitude found in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) and other deep HST images. Only 2% of the sky is covered by galaxies of similar or greater surface brightness; therefore the extended source is almost certainly the host galaxy. Additionally, we find that the extinction-corrected V - H and V - K colors of the host are as blue as any galaxy of comparable or brighter magnitude in the HDF. Taken in concert with recent observations of GRB 970508, GRB 971214, and GRB 980703 our work suggests that all four GRBs with spectroscopic identification or deep multicolor broad-band imaging of the host lie in rapidly star-forming galaxies.
description: 24 pages, Latex, 4 PostScript figures, to appear in the May 10 issue of The Astrophysical Journal (Note: displayed abstract is abridged)
Obstructive sleep apnoea in older people
Creators: name: McMillan, Alison
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common and the prevalence increases with age. When OSA leads to sleep disruption and excessive daytime sleepiness, it is referred to as obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS). The aim of this thesis was to investigate the consequences of OSAS in older people (˃ 65 years) and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. CPAP is the treatment of choice in moderate to severe OSAS in middle aged people. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the therapeutic and economic benefits of CPAP in older people with OSAS. The two studies in this thesis aimed to address this by comparing outcomes in older people with OSAS before and after treatment with CPAP. The first study presented is the thesis is the PREDICT trial; a multicentre randomised controlled trial of CPAP in older people with OSAS. The trial studied the clinical efficacy of CPAP after 3 months, while determining the cost effectiveness of treatment over 12 months. The results of the trial showed that CPAP was an effective treatment for reducing excessive daytime sleepiness by -2.1 (95%CI -3.0 to -1.3); p<0.001 points as measured by the Epworth sleepiness scale. CPAP also improved quality of life, with a statistically significant increase in the quality adjusted life years calculated with the SF-6D, equating to one week. The CPAP group also accrued marginally lower health care costs over 12 months compared to the group treated with best supportive care alone. Overall the economic benefit of CPAP was linked to the reduced healthcare usage offsetting the cost of the equipment. The second study presented in the thesis was a single centre randomised controlled trial to investigate the impact of CPAP on cognitive function and brain morphology in older people with minimally symptomatic OSAS after 6 months of treatment. In this study I tested the hypothesis that older patients with OSAS have cognitive impairment and corresponding brain changes which would be modifiable with treatment. The results of this study suggested older people with minimally symptomatic OSAS had normal cognitive function but impaired attention and executive function. CPAP treatment improved one aspect of attention, although memory and overall cognitive function were unchanged. The results of the brain MRI scans are not presented, and are in the process of being analysed. In conclusion the data presented in this thesis support the use of CPAP therapy in older people with excessive daytime sleepiness due to OSAS.
Mass loss in metal deficient Red Giants
Creators: name: Castellani, V.
name: Romaniello, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the final fate of metal deficient (MD) H burning Red Giants under various assumptions about the amount of mass loss. Adopting a metallicity Z= 10^(-8), we follow the evolution of 0.8 Mo models from the Main Sequence phase till the onset of the He flash or the final cooling as a He White Dwarf, according to the amount of mass loss. We show that MD Red Giants require peculiarly large H-rich envelopes to support the H-shell burning and to allow the final ignition of He, thus favouring the occurrence of He degenerate dwarfs either as the result of single star evolution or in MD binary systems. The evolution of our models along the He burning phase or as cooling White Dwarf is briefly discussed.
description: uuencoded gziped Postscript file including 5 figures and 2 tables. This is the final version of the paper that will appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Please report any problem to: martino@cibs.sns.it
Log-sum-exp neural networks and posynomial models for convex and log-log-convex data
Creators: name: Calafiore, Giuseppe C.
name: Gaubert, Stephane
name: Possieri, Corrado
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show in this paper that a one-layer feedforward neural network with exponential activation functions in the inner layer and logarithmic activation in the output neuron is an universal approximator of convex functions. Such a network represents a family of scaled log-sum exponential functions, here named LSET. Under a suitable exponential transformation, the class of LSET functions maps to a family of generalized posynomials GPOST, which we similarly show to be universal approximators for log-log-convex functions. A key feature of an LSET network is that, once it is trained on data, the resulting model is convex in the variables, which makes it readily amenable to efficient design based on convex optimization. Similarly, once a GPOST model is trained on data, it yields a posynomial model that can be efficiently optimized with respect to its variables by using geometric programming (GP). The proposed methodology is illustrated by two numerical examples, in which, first, models are constructed from simulation data of the two physical processes (namely, the level of vibration in a vehicle suspension system, and the peak power generated by the combustion of propane), and then optimization-based design is performed on these models.
Vespertilio spectrum Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilio
Vespertilio spectrum

description: Vespertilio spectrum [spec. nov.]
V. ecaudatus, naso infundibuliformi lanceolato.
Canis volans maxima aurita. Seb. mus. 1. p. 92. t. 58. f. 1.
Habitat in America australi. Rolander.
Nares extus infundibulum referentes, superne adscendentes in folium lanceolatum. Aures ovatae, interius lacinia subulata membranacca, longitudine Auriculae. Dentes Primores 4. Laniarii solitarii, magni, approximati reliquis. Molares anteriores breviores, obtusiores. Alarum digiti 4, quorum 1. annexus 2: do; Pollex brevis ungue arcuato. Pedes digitis 5 aequalibus, unguibus arcuatis. Calcaneus exserit tendinem subulatum secundum marginem membranae inter pedes posticos, non coeuntem cum opposito. Cauda nulla.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 31, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 1 of Modeling the Cost-effectiveness of Esophageal Cancer Screening in China
Creators: name: Li, Yuanyuan
name: Du, Lingbin
name: Wang, Youqing
name: Gu, Yuxuan
name: Zhen, Xuemei
name: Hu, Xiaoqian
name: Sun, Xueshan
name: Dong, Hengjin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Additional tables.
The Internal Kinematics of the Leo I Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy: Dark Matter at the Fringe of the Milky Way
Creators: name: Mateo, Mario
name: Olszewski, Edward W.
name: Vogt, Steven S.
name: Keane, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present radial velocities of 33 red giants in the Leo I dSph galaxy obtained from spectra taken with the HIRES echelle spectrograph on the Keck I telescope. These data have a mean precision of 2.2 km/s and lead to estimates of the central velocity dispersion and systemic velocity of Leo I of 8.8 +- 1.3 km/s, and 287.0 +- 1.9 km/s, respectively. The systemic velocity confirms past results that Leo I has an unusually large galactocentric velocity, implying the presence of a massive dark halo in the Milky Way or an extended dark component pervading the Local Group. The V-band (M/L) ratio of Leo I is in the range 3.5-5.6. We have produced a set of models that account for the effects of stellar evolution on the global mass-to-light ratio of a composite population. Because Leo I contains a dominant intermediate-age population, we find that the V-band mass-to-light ratio of Leo I would be in the range 6-13 if it were composed exclusively of old stars such as found in globular clusters. This suggests that Leo I probably does contain a significant dark halo. The mass of this halo is approximately 2 x10^7 solar masses, similar to the dark halo masses inferred for all other Galactic dSph galaxies. Because Leo I is isolated and has passed the Milky Way at most once in the past, external tides could not plausibly have inflated its centraldispersion to the observed value. We also considered whether MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) could account for the internal kinematics of Leo I and conclude that this alternative gravitational model can account for the Leo I kinematics adequately without requiring a dark halo.
description: 32 pages plus 6 figs (fig 2 unavailable) plus 7 pages of tables Accepted for Astronomical Journal, Nov 1998 "MOND" section revised because it was pointed out by an alert reader that we used an out-of-date value for the MOND acceleration parameter. MOND can now plausibly account for the Leo I velocity dispersion
Vespertilio perspicillatus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilio
Vespertilio perspicillatus

description: Vespertilio perspicillatus [spec. nov.]
V. ecaudatus, naso foliato plano acuminato. Syst. nat. 7. Mus. Ad. Fr. 1. p. 7.
Vespertilio americanus vulgaris. Seb. mus. 1. p. 90. t. 55. f. 2. Edv. av. 201. t. 201. f. 1.
Vespertilio rostro appendice auriculae forma donato. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 330
Habitat in America.
An haec femina sequentis?
Vespertilionum genus nocturnum volitat Palmis expansis palmatis membranaque {?X}aterali; Phalaenis imprimis victitans.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 31, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
NGC 1052-DF2 And Modified Gravity (MOG) Without Dark Matter
Creators: name: Moffat, J. W.
name: Toth, V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the velocity dispersion of the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC 1052-DF2 using Newtonian gravity and modified gravity (MOG). The velocity dispersion predicted by MOG is higher than the Newtonian gravity prediction, but it is fully consistent with the observed velocity dispersion that is obtained from the motion of 10 globular clusters.
description: 4 pages, version accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
ON THE MEASUREMENT OF A COSMOLOGICAL DIPOLE IN THE PHOTON NUMBER COUNTS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
Creators: name: Scharf, C. A.
name: Jahoda, K.
name: Boldt, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If gamma-ray bursts are cosmological or in a halo distribution their properties are expected to be isotropic (at least to 1st order). However, our motion with respect to the burst parent population (whose proper frame is expected to be that of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), or that of a static halo) will cause a dipole effect in the distribution of bursts and in their photon number counts (together termed a Compton-Getting effect). We argue that the photon number count information is necessary to distinguish a genuine Compton-Getting effect from some other anisotropy and to fully test the proper frame isotropy of the bursts. Using the 2B burst catalogue and the dipole determined from the CMB, we find the surprising result that although the number weighted distribution is consistent with isotropy, the fluence weighted dipole has a correlation with the CMB dipole that has a probability of occuring only 10% of the time for an isotropic photon distribution. Furthermore, the photon and number dipoles are inconsistent under the hypothesis of isotropy, at the 2-sigma level. This could be an indication that a non-negligible fraction of gamma-ray bursts originate in the local, anisotropic universe. (shortened Abstract)
description: Accepted by ApJ. Self-unpacking (use csh), uuencoded, compressed Postscript, 16 pages + 4 Figures (5 files)
Additional file 1: of 1,25(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone additively suppress synovial fibroblast activation by CCR6+ T helper memory cells and enhance the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade
Creators: name: Dankers, Wendy
name: GonzĂĄlez-Leal, Claudia
name: Davelaar, Nadine
name: Asmawidjaja, Patrick
name: Mus, Adriana
name: Hazes, Johanna
name: Colin, Edgar
name: Lubberts, Erik
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Table S1. Characteristics of patients used in this study. Figure S1. 1,25(OH)2D3 and DEX minimally affect apoptosis in CCR6+ memTh cells. Figure S2. Low doses of 1,25(OH)2D3 and DEX still modulate RASF activation by CCR6+ memTh cells. Figure S3. Complete data behind the heatmaps of Fig.Â 4. Figure S4. Complete data behind the heatmaps of Fig.Â 5. (DOCX 2328 kb)
La vulcanizadora que fue
Creators: name: Pérez Caballero, Jesús
Publisher: name: El Mañana de Nuevo Laredo
Year: 2022
Subjects: México
Tamaulipas
Matamoros
vulcanizadora
frontera norte
espacio de frontera
ensayo
El Mañana de Nuevo Laredo

description: «Este aire grutesco —me digo— es el de toda vulcanizadora; incluso en España, donde las llamamos talleres de neumáticos (curiosamente, en Rumanía, donde también viví, sí se llaman vulcanizare). Pero en Matamoros se da un paso más, no sólo por las mecedoras de madera a la entrada, típicas de la frontera texana, pero maltratadas por la humedad del 92%, sino por las manchas de hogueras que calentaban en invierno, las grietas de las raíces de los árboles voraces e irritables, o las innumerables ruedas que pacen en un descampado donde debería iniciar una pared. Religiosas y pop, en el interior de las vulkas habrá imágenes de Juan Pablo II abrazando a la Guadalupana, junto a fotos de mujeres desnudas “apretando los ojos sin párpados y esperando un golpe en la puerta”, como en el verso de T.S. Eliot (1888-1965). A veces, cuelgan dibujos de Cristo, en sus variantes “Sunset/Atardecer”  —con el crucificado recortado en el crepúsculo—, o “Ranger/Ranchero”, esto es, con un vaquero rezando a la cruz, con el sombrero quitado, y sus aparejos de monta y caballo en la línea de fuga. En otras pinturas Chuky ríe porque blande un cuchillo, Schreck es del tamaño de un enano y su burro está agigantado, San Judas Tadeo mira con ojos de botón, de loco de pueblo, o vemos escudos del América o de las Chivas. Pero es difícil sustraerme, aquí, a la ligazón de estos sitios con ideas bullentes y ominosas: los malestares de baldíos, yonkes o huesarios/osarios/osamenta de carros, orillas del río, bodegas, calicheras y ranchos semiabandonados, lugares que comen desechos y atraen, mohosamente, lo improvisado y la tortura ...»
description: Columna «Desde la frontera», publicada en El Mañana de Nuevo Laredo, p. 4 (local).
On the Injection Energy Distibution of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Geddes, James
name: Quinn, Theodore C.
name: Wald, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the injection spectrum of ultra-high-energy (>10^{15} eV) cosmic rays under the hypotheses that (1) these cosmic rays are protons and (2) the sources of these cosmic rays are extra-galactic and are homogeneously distributed in space. The most puzzling aspect of the observed ultra-high-energy cosmic ray spectrum is the apparent nonexistence of a ``Greisen cut-off'' at about 10^{19.8} eV. We show that this fact could be naturally explained if most (or all) of the cosmic rays presently observed above about 10^{19.6} eV were initially injected with energy above the Greisen cut-off. However, we find that the injection of cosmic rays above the Greisen cut-off cannot account for the observed flux below about 10^{19.6} eV unless the injection rate of these particles was enormously higher in the past, as would be the case if the injection resulted from the decay of an ultra-massive particle with lifetime of order 10^{9} yr. Even with such a rapid source evolution, the observed cosmic ray spectrum below about 10^{18.5} eV cannot be explained in this manner. However, we show that a 1/E^3 injection spectrum can account for the observed spectrum below 10^{18.5} eV}, with the steepening observed by the Fly's Eye group between 10^{17.6} eV and 10^{18.5} eV being very naturally explained by e+ - e- production effects. This latter fact lends support to the hypothesis that the cosmic rays in this energy regime are protons. However, due to e+ - e- production effects, a 1/E^3 injection spectrum cannot account for the observed flux above about 10^{18.5} eV.
description: 23 pages, REVTeX, 5 Postscript figures available by anonymous FTP at ftp://rainbow.uchicago.edu/pub/relativity/cosmicrays
Piezoelectric energy harvesting and wireless sensing powered by non-harmonic motion
Creators: name: Jiang, Hao
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis focuses on the design of non-harmonic motion-powered wireless sensing systems using piezoelectric energy harvesting. Most of the published work on the topic of inertial energy harvesting focussed on the analysis and design of the energy harvester modules only. A limited amount of work has involved the implementation of energy harvesters into a wireless sensing system, which is an important application of energy harvesters. This project presents an approach to simplify the design of a wireless sensing system so that a single piezoelectric energy harvester can be used as the power supply. A piezoelectric device structure with impulse output was proposed and an equivalent circuit model was built to simulate the performance. Both a large-scale and a small-scale piezoelectric pulse generator were produced for experimental demonstration, based on the proposed structure. A passive pre-biasing mechanism was introduced to improve the performance of the pulse generator, and the improvement was demonstrated by comparing the outputs of the prototypes in the pre-biased case to the outputs in the unbiased case. The comparison results showed that the output energy was increased by 38% for the large-scale prototype and 76% for the small-scale prototype. Load transmission circuits, suitable for the piezoelectric pulse generator, were discussed and simulated, and an impulse-powered transmitter circuit based on the Colpitts oscillator was built, which could encode the signal from a sensor by frequency modulation. By combining the piezoelectric pulse generator module and the impulse-powered transmitter module together, a fully functional piezoelectric system was achieved, for the first time, allowing instantaneous wireless monitoring of signals from a passive sensor using frequency modulation.
Effective sound speed in relativistic accretion discs around Schwarzschild black holes
Creators: name: Shaikh, Md Arif
name: Maity, Susovan
name: Nag, Sankhasubhra
name: Das, Tapas Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For low angular momentum axially symmetric accretion flow maintained in hydrostatic equilibrium along the vertical direction, the value of the Mach number at the critical points deviates from unity, resulting in the non-isomorphism of the critical and the sonic points. This introduces several undesirable complexities while analytically dealing with the stationary integral accretion solutions and the corresponding phase portraits. We propose that introduction of an effective dynamical sound speed may resolve the issue in an elegant way. We linear perturb the full spacetime-dependent general relativistic Euler and the continuity equations governing the structure and the dynamics of accretion disc in vertical equilibrium around Schwarzschild black holes and identify the sonic metric embedded within the stationary background flow. Such metric describes the propagation of the linear acoustic perturbation inside the accretion flow. We construct the wave equation corresponding to that acoustic perturbation and find the speed of propagation of such perturbation. We finally show that the ordinary thermodynamic sound speed should be substituted by the speed of propagation of the linear acoustic wave which has been obtained through the dynamical perturbation. Such substitution will make the value of Mach number at the critical point to be equal to unity. Use of the aforementioned effective sound speed will lead to a modified stationary disc structure where the critical and the sonic points will be identical.
description: 20 pages, 1 figure, updated to match the published version
Learning in mobile context-aware applications
Creators: name: Smith, Jeremiah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis explores and proposes solutions to the challenges in deploying context-aware systems that make decisions or take actions based on the predictions of a machine learner over long periods of time. In particular, this work focuses on mobile context-aware applications which are intrinsically personal, requiring a specific solution for each individual that takes into account user preferences and changes in user behaviour as time passes. While there is an abundance of research on mobile context-aware applications which employ machine learning, most does not address the three core challenges required to be deployable over indefinite periods of time. Namely, (1) user-friendly and longitudinal collection and labelling of data, (2) measuring a user’s experienced performance and (3) adaptation to changes in a user’s behaviour, also known as concept drift. This thesis addresses these challenges by introducing (1) an infer-and-confirm data collection strategy which passively collects data and infers data labels using the user’s natural response to target events, (2) a weighted accuracy measure Aw as the objective function for underlying machine learners in mobile context-aware applications and (3) two training instance selection algorithms, Training Grid and Training Clusters which only forget data points in areas of the data space where newer evidence is available, moving away from the traditional time window based techniques. We also propose a new way of measuring concept drift indicating which type of concept drift adaption strategy is likely to be beneficial for any given dataset. This thesis also shows the extent to which the requirements posed by the use of machine learning in deployable mobile context-aware applications influences its overall design by evaluating a mobile context-aware application prototype called RingLearn, which was developed to mitigate disruptive incoming calls. Finally, we benchmark our training instance selection algorithms over 8 data corpuses including the RingLearn corpus collected over 16 weeks and the Device Analyzer corpus which logs several years of smartphone usage for a large set of users. Results show that our algorithms perform at least as well as state-of-the-art solutions and many times significantly better with performance delta ranging from -0.2% to +11.3% compared to the best existing solutions over our experiments.
Vespertilio spasma Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Vespertilionidae
Vespertilio
Vespertilio spasma

description: Vespertilio spasma [spec. nov.]
V. caudatus, naso foliato obcordato. Syst. nat. 7.
Glis volans ternatanus. Seb. mus. 1. p. 90. t. 56. s. 1. Habitat in Asia.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 32, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
MOESM1 of Dexmedetomidine in prevention and treatment of postoperative and intensive care unit delirium: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: FlĂźkiger, Julian
name: Hollinger, Alexa
name: Speich, Benjamin
name: Meier, Vera
name: Tontsch, Janna
name: Zehnder, Tatjana
name: Siegemund, Martin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Detailed search strategy of electronic database search of PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL).
Additional file 2 of sn-spMF: matrix factorization informs tissue-specific genetic regulation of gene expression
Creators: name: He, Yuan
name: Chhetri, Surya B.
name: Arvanitis, Marios
name: Srinivasan, Kaushik
name: Aguet, François
name: Ardlie, Kristin G.
name: Barbeira, Alvaro N.
name: Bonazzola, Rodrigo
name: Im, Hae Kyung
name: Brown, Christopher D.
name: Battle, Alexis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Supplementary tables. Table S1 - S11.
ARGO CMB Anisotropy Measurement Constraints on Open and Flat-Lambda CDM Cosmogonies
Creators: name: Ratra, Bharat
name: Ganga, Ken
name: Stompor, Radoslaw
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
name: de Bernardis, Paolo
name: Gorski, Krzysztof M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use data from the ARGO cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy experiment to constrain cosmogonies. We account for the ARGO beamwidth and calibration uncertainties, and marginalize over the offset removed from the data. Our derived amplitudes of the CMB anisotropy detected by the ARGO experiment are smaller than those derived previously. We consider open and spatially-flat-Lambda cold dark matter cosmogonies, with clustered-mass density parameter Omega_0 in the range 0.1-1, baryonic-mass density parameter Omega_B in the range (0.005-0.029)h^{-2}, and age of the universe t_0 in the range (10--20) Gyr. Marginalizing over all parameters but Omega_0, the ARGO data favors an open (spatially-flat-Lambda) model with Omega_0= 0.23 (0.1). However, these numerical values are model dependent. At the 2 sigma confidence level model normalizations deduced from the ARGO data are consistent with those drawn from the UCSB South Pole 1994, MAX 4+5, White Dish, and SuZIE data sets. The ARGO open model normalizations are also consistent with those deduced from the DMR data. However, for most spatially-flat-Lambda models the DMR normalizations are more than 2 sigma above the ARGO ones.
description: 21 pages of latex. Uses aaspp4.sty. 8 figures included. ApJ in press
Higher spin supercurrents in anti-de Sitter space
Creators: name: Buchbinder, Evgeny I.
name: Hutomo, Jessica
name: Kuzenko, Sergei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose higher spin supercurrent multiplets for ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric field theories in four-dimensional anti-de Sitter space (AdS). Their explicit realisations are derived for various supersymmetric theories, including a model of $N$ massive chiral scalar superfields with an arbitrary mass matrix. We also present new off-shell gauge formulations for the massless ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric multiplet of integer superspin $s$ in AdS, where $s =2,3,\dots$, as well as for the massless gravitino multiplet (superspin $s=1$) which requires special consideration.
description: 61 pages; V2: typos corrected, comments added; V3: published version
HPV vaccine-induced cross-neutralising antibodies target complex epitopes on the major capsid protein
Creators: name: Bissett, Sara Louise
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines consist of major capsid protein (L1) virus-like particles (VLP) and target the two most prevalent oncogenic genotypes, HPV16 and HPV18. Prophylactic HPV vaccination is highly effective at preventing HPV16 and HPV18 infection and associated cervical disease, with type-specific neutralising antibodies thought to be the immune mediators of vaccine type protection. A degree of vaccine-induced cross-protection has also been demonstrated against genetically-related genotypes in the Alpha-7 (HPV18-like) and Alpha-9 (HPV16-like) species groups and although the underlying immune mechanism is uncertain, cross-protection is coincident with the detection of cross-neutralising antibodies. The aim of this thesis was to delineate the HPV L1 domains that are recognised by inter-genotype cross-neutralising antibodies. The formal analysis of the vaccine-induced A9 L1 antibody response demonstrated that cross-neutralising antibodies were a minor component of the total HPV16 antibody response and comprised antibody specificities which recognised single and multiple non-vaccine genotypes. The bioinformatic examination of A9 capsid amino acid sequences demonstrated that the L1L2 pseudovirions (PsV) used to measure cross-neutralising responses were generally representative of available contemporary sequences. The potential impact of amino acid variation within the L1 capsid protein was investigated for HPV31 and found differences in cross-neutralising antibody recognition of the L1 variants; however, this was of a low magnitude. L1 crystallographic homology models predicted structural changes in the loops between HPV16 and the non-vaccine A9 genotypes, informing the design and generation of chimeric PsV with inter-genotype loop swaps. These chimeric PsV demonstrated that cross-neutralising antibodies recognise DE and FG loop amino acid residues within close proximity to each other on the capsid surface. These data contribute to our understanding of the antigenicity of the L1 major capsid protein of HPV by identifying the L1 regions recognised by vaccine-induced cross-neutralising antibodies. Such specificities may play a critical role in vaccine-induced cross-protection.
QSO HOST GALAXIES AT Z=2.3
Creators: name: Hutchings, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Images are discussed of six QSOs at z=2.3, one QSO-like IRAS source at z=2.3, and one QSO at z=1.1, taken with resolution 0.6 to 0.9 arcsec. Five of the QSOs are radio-quiet. All QSOs except one are just resolved, while the IRAS source has definite structure. In some cases, part of the QSO fuzz appears to be a close companion rather than a concentric host galaxy. The luminosities implied for the hosts or companions are typical of bright galaxies with young hot star populations. Radio-quiet QSOs appear to have host galaxies less luminous by ~2 magnitudes than radio-loud QSOs.
description: 8 pages plain TeX, 3 figures not included but available by request to hutchngs@dao.nrc.ca To appear in the Astronomical Journal. Also available at http://www.dao.nrc.ca/DAO/SCIENCE/science.html
Nasal allergen provocation: validation of clinical and immunologic markers and response to grass pollen immunotherapy
Creators: name: Scadding, Guy
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy is an effective treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Clinical trials may be confounded by variable allergen exposure. Nasal allergen provocation might provide a useful surrogate to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy and identify biomarkers of response. Objective: Nasal allergen provocation was used to assess the efficacy of allergen immunotherapy and identify local and systemic immune biomarkers. Methods: Dose and time course responses to grass-pollen nasal provocations were studied in 20 allergic individuals. Different matrices were compared for absorption and isolation of nasal mucosal fluid for immunoassay of inflammatory mediators. Optimised techniques were then applied to cat-allergen nasal provocation in 18 allergic individuals, along with assessment of in vitro basophil allergen-induced activation. Finally, in a cross-sectional study, responses to grass-pollen provocation were compared in 14 untreated grass-pollen allergics, 18 immunotherapy-treated patients, and 14 non-atopic controls. Results: Nasal responses to allergen were dose-dependent. Symptoms peaked at 5 minutes post challenge; overall, there was no distinct late-phase clinical response. Nasal fluid tryptase peaked at 5 minutes; IL-4, -5, -9, -13 and eotaxin peaked at 8 hours. Basophil allergen-induced activation in vitro was enhanced at 6 hours compared to pre-challenge. Grass-pollen immunotherapy-treated patients had lower symptom scores (45% lower, p=0.04) and higher peak nasal inspiratory flow, PNIF (54% higher, p=0.02) after challenge than untreated-allergics. They had reduced early (27% lower, p=0.0007) and late (51% lower, p<0.0001) skin responses, and lower retrospective seasonal symptom scores (60% lower, p<0.0001). Nasal challenge response correlated with seasonal symptoms (symptoms: r=0.52, p<0.003; PNIF: r=-0.57, p<0.001). Immunotherapy-treated patients had reduced nasal fluid IL-4, IL-9 and eotaxin (p<0.05), and trends for reduced IL-13 and tryptase levels (p=0.07). Conclusions: Nasal allergen challenge is sensitive in the detection of clinical and biological effects of allergen immunotherapy and may be a useful surrogate marker of treatment efficacy in future studies.
Table S1 from Hyoliths with pedicles illuminate the origin of the brachiopod body plan
Creators: name: Haijing Sun
name: Smith, Martin R.
name: Zeng, Han
name: Fangchen Zhao
name: Guoxiang Li
name: Maoyan Zhu
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Provenance of fossil material.
title: Transcription d'un entretien auprès d’une femme âgée de 38 ans, mère de quatre enfants dans le sud du Maroc
Creators: name: Gélard, Marie-Luce
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2017

description: Source: T-4893
description: L’enquête débute par le récit de l’informatrice sur son expérience de l’allaitement. Elle précise qu’à la naissance elle n’a pas été séparée de son enfant (elle a accouché à la maison). L’informatrice donne la durée de l’allaitement de ses enfants. Le sujet des frères et sœurs de lait liés par le colostrum est évoqué. L’informatrice précise qu’à la naissance, on donne du jus de datte aux nouveau-nés. L’enquêtrice aborde ensuite les questions concernant le colostrum. L’informatrice attribue au colostrum la couleur jaune mais elle ne se rappelle pas du goût. Elle explique que le colostrum est plus nourrissant que le lait maternel. Elle ne connaît pas le discours de la religion musulmane au sujet de l'allaitement. L’informatrice précise qu’une mère peut donner du lait en poudre maternisé au nourrisson si elle n’a pas de colostrum, autrement dit pas de montée de lait maternel. L’environnement sonore de l’enregistrement ne permet pas de comprendre cette partie de l’entretien. L’informatrice évoque les premiers soins donnés à l’enfant juste après la naissance. L’informatrice précise que les époux ne peuvent pas avoir de relations sexuelles pendant les quarante jours qui suivent la naissance. L’enquête se termine sur la consommation du colostrum d’origine animal par les adultes et non par les nouveau-nés. L’informatrice précise qu’en revanche on peut leur donner du lait de chèvre ou de brebis.
Cavity optomagnonics with magnetic textures: coupling a magnetic vortex to light
Creators: name: Graf, Jasmin
name: Pfeifer, Hannes
name: Marquardt, Florian
name: Kusminskiy, Silvia Viola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optomagnonic systems, where light couples coherently to collective excitations in magnetically ordered solids, are currently of high interest due to their potential for quantum information processing platforms at the nanoscale. Efforts so far, both at the experimental and theoretical level, have focused on systems with a homogeneous magnetic background. A unique feature in optomagnonics is however the possibility of coupling light to spin excitations on top of magnetic textures. We propose a cavity-optomagnonic system with a non homogeneous magnetic ground state, namely a vortex in a magnetic microdisk. In particular we study the coupling between optical whispering gallery modes to magnon modes localized at the vortex. We show that the optomagnonic coupling has a rich spatial structure and that it can be tuned by an externally applied magnetic field. Our results predict cooperativities at maximum photon density of the order of $\mathcal{C}\approx10^{-2}$ by proper engineering of these structures.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, published version
The Cosmic Ballet: spin and shape alignments of haloes in the cosmic web
Creators: name: Veena, Punyakoti Ganeshaiah
name: Cautun, Marius
name: van de Weygaert, Rien
name: Tempel, Elmo
name: Jones, Bernard J. T.
name: Rieder, Steven
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the alignment of haloes with the filaments of the cosmic web using an unprecedently large sample of dark matter haloes taken from the P-Millennium $Λ$CDM cosmological N-body simulation. We use the state-of-the-art NEXUS morphological formalism which, due to its multiscale nature, simultaneously identifies structures at all scales. We find strong and highly significant alignments, with both the major axis of haloes and their peculiar velocity tending to orient along the filament. However, the spin - filament alignment displays a more complex trend changing from preferentially parallel at low masses to preferentially perpendicular at high masses. This "spin flip" occurs at an average mass of $5\times10^{11}~h^{-1}M_\odot$. This mass increases with increasing filament diameter, varying by more than an order of magnitude between the thinnest and thickest filament samples. We also find that the inner parts of haloes have a spin flip mass that is several times smaller than that of the halo as a whole. These results confirm that recent accretion is responsible for the complex behaviour of the halo spin - filament alignment. Low-mass haloes mainly accrete mass along directions perpendicular to their host filament and thus their spins tend to be oriented along the filaments. In contrast, high-mass haloes mainly accrete along their host filaments and have their spins preferentially perpendicular to them. Furthermore, haloes located in thinner filaments are more likely to accrete along their host filaments than haloes of the same mass located in thicker filaments.
description: Accepted to MNRAS on 16th August 2018
Pore-scale modelling of carbonate dissolution
Creators: name: Pereira Nunes, Joao Paulo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: High resolution micro-CT images of porous rocks provide a very useful starting point to the development of pore-scale models of fluid flow and transport. Following a literature review covering recent results on the applicability of tomographic imaging to study reaction phenomena at the pore and core scales, this thesis presents a pore-scale streamline-based reactive transport model to simulate rock dissolution. The focus is on carbonate dissolution in CO2-saturated fluids. After injecting CO2-rich fluids into carbonate reservoirs, chemical reactions between the acidic fluid and the host rock are to be expected. Such reactions may cause significant variations in the flow and transport properties of the reservoir, with possible consequences for field development and monitoring. The interplay between flow and reaction exhibits a very rich behaviour that has not yet been fully understood, especially in the case of carbonate rocks, which possess a complex pore structure. The model is developed within a Lagrangian framework, where the advective displacement employs a novel streamline tracing method which respects the no-flow boundary condition at the pore walls. The method is implemented in the pore-space geometry reconstructed from micro-CT images of sedimentary rocks. Diffusion is incorporated with a random walk and fluid-solid reactions are defined in terms of the diffusive flux of reactants through the grain surfaces. To validate the model, simulation results are compared against a dynamic imaging experiment where a carbonate sample was flooded with CO2-saturated brine at reservoir conditions. The agreement is very good and a decrease of one order of magnitude in the average dissolution rate, compared to the rate measured in an ideal reactor, is explained in terms of transport limitations arising from the flow field heterogeneity. The impact of the flow heterogeneity in the reactive transport is illustrated in a series of simulations performed in rocks with different degrees of complexity. It is shown that more heterogeneous rocks, in the sense of flow heterogeneity, may exhibit a decrease of up to two orders of magnitude in the sample-averaged reaction rates, and that the flow rate is also an important factor when studying carbonate dissolution.