cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Risk willingness in multiple system atrophy and Parkinson’s disease understanding patient preferences
Creators: name: Bernhardt, Alexander Maximilian
name: Oeller, Marc
name: Weigelt, Isabel
name: Kocakavuk, Emre
name: Nachman, Eliana
name: Peikert, Kevin
name: Roderigo, Malte Christian
name: Rossmann, Andreas
name: Schröter, Tabea
name: Wilhelm, Lea Olivia
name: Prell, Tino
name: Riesen, Christoph
name: Nieweler, Johanna
name: Katzdobler, Sabrina
name: Weiler, Markus
name: Jacobi, Heike
name: Warnecke, Tobias
name: Claus, Inga
name: Palleis, Carla Teresa
name: Breimann, Stephan
name: Falkenburger, Björn
name: Brandt, Moritz Daniel
name: Hermann, Andreas
name: Rumpf, Jost-Julian
name: Claßen, Joseph
name: Höglinger, Günter
name: Gandor, Florin
name: Levin, Johannes Martin
name: Giese, Armin
name: Janzen, Annette Elisabeth
name: Oertel, Wolfgang H.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Disease-modifying therapeutics in the α-synucleinopathies multiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s Disease (PD) are in early phases of clinical testing. Involving patients’ preferences including therapy-associated risk willingness in initial stages of therapy development has been increasingly pursued in regulatory approval processes. In our study with 49 MSA and 38 PD patients, therapy-associated risk willingness was quantified using validated standard gamble scenarios for varying severities of potential drug or surgical side effects. Demonstrating a non-gaussian distribution, risk willingness varied markedly within, and between groups. MSA patients accepted a median 1% risk [interquartile range: 0.001–25%] of sudden death for a 99% [interquartile range: 99.999–75%] chance of cure, while PD patients reported a median 0.055% risk [interquartile range: 0.001–5%]. Contrary to our hypothesis, a considerable proportion of MSA patients, despite their substantially impaired quality of life, were not willing to accept increased therapy-associated risks. Satisfaction with life situation, emotional, and nonmotor disease burden were associated with MSA patients’ risk willingness in contrast to PD patients, for whom age, and disease duration were associated factors. An individual approach towards MSA and PD patients is crucial as direct inference from disease (stage) to therapy-associated risk willingness is not feasible. Such studies may be considered by regulatory agencies in their approval processes assisting with the weighting of safety aspects in a patient-centric manner. A systematic quantitative assessment of patients’ risk willingness and associated features may assist physicians in conducting individual consultations with patients who have MSA or PD by facilitating communication of risks and benefits of a treatment option.
Impact of bistability in the synchronization of chaotic maps with delayed coupling
Creators: name: Lind, Pedro G.
name: Nunes, Ana
name: Gallas, Jason A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the impact of bistability in the emergence of synchronization in networks of chaotic maps with delayed coupling. The existence of a single finite attractor of the uncoupled map is found to be responsible for the emergence of synchronization. No synchronization is observed when the local dynamics has two competing chaotic attractors whose orbits are dense on the same interval. This result is robust for regular networks with variable ranges of interaction and for more complex topologies.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings for the conference LAWNP05
Systematic uncertainty of standard sirens from the viewing angle of binary neutron star inspirals
Creators: name: Chen, Hsin-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The independent measurement of Hubble constant with gravitational-wave standard sirens will potentially shed light on the tension between the local distance ladders and Planck experiments. Therefore, thorough understanding of the sources of systematic uncertainty for the standard siren method is crucial. In this paper, we focus on two scenarios that will potentially dominate the systematic uncertainty of standard sirens. First, simulations of electromagnetic counterparts of binary neutron star mergers suggest aspherical emissions, so the binaries available for the standard siren method can be selected by their viewing angles. This selection effect can lead to $\gtrsim 2\%$ bias in Hubble constant measurement even with mild selection. Second, if the binary viewing angles are constrained by the electromagnetic counterpart observations but the bias of the constraints is not controlled under $\sim 10^{\circ}$, the resulting systematic uncertainty in Hubble constant will be $>3\%$. In addition, we find that both of the systematics cannot be properly removed by the viewing angle measurement from gravitational-wave observations. Comparing to the known dominant systematic uncertainty for standard sirens, the $\leq 2\%$ gravitational-wave calibration uncertainty, the effects from viewing angle appear to be more significant. Therefore, the systematic uncertainty from viewing angle might be a major challenge before the standard sirens can resolve the tension in Hubble constant, which is currently $\sim$9%.
description: Accepted version by Physical Review Letters
Numerical study of the ordering of the +-J XY spin-glass ladder
Creators: name: Uda, Tsukasa
name: Yoshino, Hajime
name: Kawamura, Hikaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of the domain-wall energy and of the correlation length are studied numerically for the one-dimensional +-J XY spin glass on the two-leg ladder lattice, focusing on both the spin and the chirality degrees of freedom. Analytic results obtained by Ney-Niftle et al for the same model were confirmed for asymptotically large lattices, while the approach to the asymptotic limit is slow and sometimes even non-monotonic. Attention is called to the occurrence of the SO(2)-Z_2 decoupling and its masking in spin correlations, the latter reflecting the inequality between the SO(2) and Z_2 exponents. Discussion is given concerning the behaviors of the higher-dimensional models.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Mature Cooperative Groups Seeking New Identities: The Case of Belgium
Creators: name: Develtere, Patrick
name: Raymaekers, Peter
name: Develtere, Patrick
name: Raymaekers, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: cooperative
subject: social movement
subject: sustainable development
subject: corporate social responsibility
subject: cooperative trilemma

description: The cooperative sector in Belgium has always been very much linked to other social movements. In the 1990s the backbone of the sector, namely the cooperative banks, have undergone major transformations. In this article, the two most important cooperative financial holdings that were created to replace the stand-alone cooperative banks are looked at: the Cera and the ARCO-group. We see that they follow a similar path but have opted for a slightly different positioning in the Belgian social and economic landscape. Both have sought a new identity by repositioning themselves vis-à-vis the market, civil society and the state. The consequences of the new “cooperative trilemma” are gradually becoming clear.
Observation of B^+ -> \barΞ_c^0Λ_c^+ and Evidence for B^0 -> \barΞ_c^-Λ_c^+
Creators: name: Chistov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of the decay B+ -> \barΞ_c^0 Λ_c^+ with a significance of 8.7 σand evidence for the decay B^0 -> \barΞ_c^-Λ_c^+ with a significance of 3.8 σ. The product Br(B^+ -> \barΞ_c^0Λ_c^+)\times Br(\barΞ_c^0 -> \barΞ^+π^-) is measured to be (4.8^{+1.0}_{-0.9}\pm 1.1\pm 1.2)\times 10^{-5}, and Br({B^0} -> \barΞ_c^-Λ_c^+)\times Br(\barΞ_c^- -> \barΞ^+π^-π^-) is measured to be (9.3^{+3.7}_{-2.8}\pm 1.9\pm 2.4)\times 10^{-5}. The errors are statistical, systematic and the error of the Λ_c^+ -> pK^-π^+ branching fraction, respectively. The decay B^+ -> \barΞ_c^0Λ_c^+ is the first example of a two-body exclusive B^+ decay into two charmed baryons. The data used for this analysis was accumulated at the Υ(4S) resonance, using the Belle detector at the e^+ e^- asymmetric-energy collider KEKB. The integrated luminosity of the data sample is equal to 357 {fb}^{-1}, corresponding to 386\times 10^{6} B{\bar B} pairs.
Entrepreneurship, Social Capital and Community Development: The case of Israeli Kibbutz
Creators: name: Heilbrunn, Sibylle
name: Heilbrunn, Sibylle
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: Globalization, industrialization and structural changes in traditional rural employment patterns have caused rural communities such as the Israeli Kibbutz to search for development strategies in order to survive. Self development constitutes one possible approach to community development. It nurtures local entrepreneurial activities and relies basically on local resources in order to create new jobs and economic activities. These local activities of entrepreneurship generate variety and leverage resources and can therefore foster social capital development and contribute to the community's capacity. Community development requires a mix of resources including natural capital, produced economic capital, human capital and institutional capital. Social capital is the glue that holds them together, a network of social relations based upon norms of trust and reciprocity leading to outcomes of mutual benefits. Thus, social capital reflects the ability of community members to participate, cooperate, organize and interact. Since many rural communities such as the kibbutz are undergoing processes of crisis and change, innovative initiatives potentially promoting economic independence of individuals and development of the community are of major importance. Rather than assuming that entrepreneurship is primarily the outcome of social capital, this study focuses upon the interdependency of entrepreneurship and forms of capital required for community development.
Outside the Wall: Hydrodynamics of Type I Supernovae Interacting with a Partially Swept-Up Circumstellar Medium
Creators: name: Harris, Chelsea E.
name: Nugent, Peter E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Explaining the observed diversity of supernovae (SNe) and the physics of explosion requires knowledge of their progenitor stars, which can be obtained by constraining the circumstellar medium (CSM). Models of the SN ejecta colliding with CSM are necessary to infer the structure of the CSM and tie it back to a progenitor model. Recent SNe I revealed CSM concentrated at a distance $r\sim10^16$ cm, for which models of SN interaction are extremely limited. In this paper, we assume the concentrated region is a "wall" representing swept-up material, and unswept material lies outside the wall. We simulate one-dimensional hydrodynamics of SNe Ia & Ib impacting 300 unique CSM configurations using RT1D, which captures the Rayleigh-Taylor instability. We find that the density ratio between the wall and ejecta -- denoted $A_0$ or "wall height" -- is key, and higher walls deviate more from self-similar evolution. Functional fits accounting for $A_0$ are presented for the forward shock radius evolution. We show that higher walls have more degeneracy between CSM properties in the deceleration parameter, slower shocks, deeper-probing reverse shocks, slower shocked ejecta, less ejecta mass than CSM in the shock, and more mixing of ejecta into the CSM at early times. We analyze observations of SN 2014C (Type Ib) and suggest that it had a moderately high wall ($10 < A_0 < 200$) and wind-like outer CSM. We also postulate an alternate interpretation for the radio data of SN 2014C, that the radio rise occurs in the wind rather than the wall. Finally, we find that hydrodynamic measurements at very late times cannot distinguish the presence of a wall, except perhaps as an anomalously wide shock region.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, accepted to ApJ
Multi-Epoch VLBI of L Dwarf Binary 2MASS J0746+2000AB: Precise Mass Measurements and Confirmation of Radio Emission from Both Components
Creators: name: Zhang, Qicheng
name: Hallinan, Gregg
name: Brisken, Walter
name: Bourke, Stephen
name: Golden, Aaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surveys have shown that up to one tenth of all ultracool dwarfs (UCDs) are appreciable radio emitters, with their emission attributed to a combination of gyrosynchrotron radiation and the electron cyclotron maser instability (ECMI). 2M J0746+2000AB is a close stellar binary comprised of an L0 and L1.5 dwarf that was previously identified as a source of 5 GHz radio emission. We used very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) to precisely track the radio emission over seven epochs in 2010-2017, and found both components to be radio emitters -- the first such system identified -- with the secondary component as the dominant source of emission in all epochs. The previously identified 2.07 h periodic bursts were confirmed to originate from the secondary component, although an isolated burst was also identified from the primary component. We additionally fitted the VLBI absolute astrometric positions jointly with existing relative orbital astrometry derived from optical/IR observations with Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods to determine the orbital parameters of the two components. We found the masses of the primary and secondary optical components to be 0.0795 +/- 0.0003 Msun and 0.0756 +/- 0.0003 Msun, respectively, representing the most precise mass estimates of any UCDs to date. Finally, we place a 3-sigma upper limit of 0.9 Mjup au on the mass and separation of planets orbiting either of the two components.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables; ApJ, accepted
Water Buy-Back in Australia: Political, Technical and Allocative Challenges
Creators: name: Crase, Lin
name: O'Keefe, Sue
name: Dollery, Brian
name: Crase, Lin
name: O'Keefe, Sue
name: Dollery, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: State and Federal governments are increasingly reliant on the re-purchase of water access rights as a vehicle for bringing ‘over-allocation’ in the Murray- Darling Basin into check. Not surprisingly, this has attracted criticism from several quarters, usually on the basis that such mechanisms produce unnecessary hardship for rural communities. Set against this are the views of many economists who have bemoaned the modest endeavours of governments to actively use water markets and the ongoing proclivity of agencies to instead embark on public projects under the guise of water use efficiency (see, for example Watson 2008). This paper focuses specifically on water buyback and traces recent policy episodes in this context. The paper also offers details of alternative market instruments which have the potential to improve on the current, relatively fragmented arrangements. We use contemporary examples to test the efficacy of alternative buyback instruments in the hope of informing policy formulation.
Excitonic Laughlin States in Ideal Topological Insulator Flat Bands and Possible Presence in Moiré Superlattice Materials
Creators: name: Stefanidis, Nikolaos
name: Sodemann, Inti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate few- and many-body states in half-filled maximally symmetric topological insulator flat bands realized by two degenerate Landau levels which experience opposite magnetic fields. This serves as a toy model of flat bands in moiré materials in which valleys have Chern numbers $C= \pm 1$. We argue that although the spontaneously polarized Ising Chern magnet is a natural ground state for repulsive Coulomb interactions, it can be in reasonable energetic competition with correlated states which can be viewed as Laughlin states of excitons when short distance corrections to the interaction are included. This is because charge neutral excitons in these bands behave effectively as charged particles in ordinary Landau levels. In particular, the Ising Chern magnet is no longer the ground state once the strength of a short range intra-valley repulsion is about $30\%$ larger than the inter-valley repulsion. Remarkably, these excitonic Laughlin states feature valley number fractionalization but no charge fractionalization and a quantized charge Hall conductivity identical to the Ising magnet, $σ_{xy}= \pm e^2/h$, and thus cannot be distinguished from it by ordinary charge transport measurements. The most compact excitonic Laughlin state that can be constructed in these bands is an analogue of $ν=1/4$ bosonic Laughlin state and has no valley polarization even though it spontaneously breaks time reversal symmetry with a charge Hall conductivity $σ_{xy}= \pm e^2/h$.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 6 of Complicated hospitalization due to influenza: results from the Global Hospital Influenza Network for the 2017–2018 season
Creators: name: Lina, Bruno
name: Georges, Alexandre
name: Burtseva, Elena
name: Nunes, Marta C.
name: Andrew, Melissa K.
name: McNeil, Shelly A.
name: Ruiz-Palacios, Guillermo M.
name: Luzhao Feng
name: Kyncl, Jan
name: Vanhems, Philippe
name: Ortiz, Justin R.
name: Paget, John
name: Reiner, Robert C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Supplemental Table 6. Characteristics of influenza-positive patients by site (Mexico, Romania, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Serbia, South Africa, and Spain).
Organic farming and annual flower strips reduce parasite prevalence in honeybees and boost colony growth in agricultural landscapes
Creators: name: Pluta, Patrycja
name: Czechofsky, Kathrin
name: Hass, Annika
name: Frank, Lena
name: Westerhoff, Ansgar
name: Klingenberg, Heiner
name: Theodorou, Panagiotis
name: Westphal, Catrin
name: Paxton, Robert J.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 570

description: Despite the major role that insect pollinators play in crop production, agricultural intensification drives them into decline. Various conservation measures have been developed to mitigate the negative effects of agriculture on insect pollinators. In a novel comparison of the efficacy of three conservation measures on honeybee colony growth, we monitored experimental honeybee colonies in 16 landscapes that comprised orthogonal gradients of organic agriculture, annual flower strips and perennial semi-natural habitats. Using structural equation modelling, we assessed the effects of conservation measures on the prevalence of 11 parasites, Varroa destructor loads and their collective impact on colony growth. Increasing area coverage of perennial semi-natural habitat related to higher V. destructor load and indirectly to lower colony growth. Increasing area of annual flower strips was associated with lower V. destructor load and indirectly with higher colony growth. Increasing area of organic farming related to lower parasite richness and also directly to improved colony growth. Synthesis and applications: Landscape features can affect pollinators directly through the provision of food resources and indirectly through modulation of parasite prevalence. To promote honeybee colony health in agro-ecosystems, our results suggest that organic agriculture and annual flower strips should be prioritized conservation measures. Landscape management should consider the merits and demerits of different measures to sustain healthy populations of pollinators in agro-ecosystems.
THE IMPACT OF AN AUSTRALIAN EMISSION TRADING SCHEME AND THE USE OF AGRICHAR ON THE SUGARCANE INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Thomas, Cameron
name: Thomas, Cameron
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: CPRS
subject: sugarcane profitability
subject: carbon offsets
subject: agricultural adaptation

description: The Australian government’s proposed Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) is likely to have a significant impact on the price of farm inputs (diesel, fertiliser, water and electricity). Furthermore, offsets (reduction or removal of greenhouse gas emissions that counterbalances emissions elsewhere in the economy) are a potential area of expansion under the scheme with particular interest in the agricultural sector. Agrichar is one of the new technologies and farming practices being investigated to counteract CPRS-imposed costs. Its two claimed benefits which relate both to the profitability of cane growers as well as to climate change are: the reduction in fertiliser application; and the carbon which agrichar can store in the soil for hundreds to thousands of years. This study drew on the Farm Economics Analysis Tool (FEAT) developed by the Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries specifically for the sugarcane industry. An analysis was conducted for a typical sugarcane farming enterprise in the Herbert Region of North Queensland. The scenarios included in the analysis recognised the change in input prices due to an emissions trading scheme, the change in farm practices when agrichar is included in operations and the potential to trade in offsets from that additional carbon stored by the use of agrichar. The sugarcane grower was found to benefit from the inclusion of agrichar into the operations. Agrichar is seen as a potential and viable option for sugarcane growers and should be considered as an alternative under the emissions trading scheme to minimise the impact of the rise in input costs. Further scientific and policy development could see the possibility for stored carbon to be traded in the offsets market, providing additional, although minor, cash flow to the grower.
Feasibility of individualized home exercise programs for patients with head and neck cancer–study protocol and first results of a multicentre single-arm intervention trial (OSHO #94)
Creators: name: Felser, Sabine
name: Rogahn, Julia
name: Glass, Änne
name: Bonke, Lars Arne
name: Strüder, Daniel Fabian
name: Stolle, Jana
name: Schulze, Susann
name: Blaurock, Markus Gabriel
name: Kriesen, Ursula
name: Junghanß, Christian
name: Grosse-Thie, Christian
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Introduction: Patients with head and neck cancer (PwHNC) benefit from targeted exercise interventions: symptom relief, compensation for dysfunction, improvement in quality of life (QoL). Data on acceptance physical interventions in PwHNC are rare. The ‘OSHO #94’ trial investigates the short- and medium-term effects of individualized home exercise in PwHNC on QoL, physical activity and functionality. The study includes a feasibility phase (proof of concept) in order to evaluate the acceptance. Here we present the study protocol as well as the feasibility results. Methods and analysis: This prospective, multicentre, single-arm intervention study includes PwHNC ≥18 years of age in aftercare or palliative care with stable remission under immunotherapy. The study opened in January 01, 2021, with estimated completion by December 31, 2024. The PwHNC receive an individualized home exercise program consisting of mobilization, coordination, strengthening and stretching exercises. This should be carried out at least three times a week over 12 weeks for 15 to 30 minutes, supplemented by aerobic training two to three times a week for 30 minutes (intervention). Once weekly telephone calls with a physiotherapist are performed. Subsequently, there is a 12-week follow-up (FU) without exercise specifications/contact. Outcomes are measured before and after the intervention and following the FU. Primary outcome of the feasibility phase (n = 25) was the determination of the dropout rate during the intervention with a termination cut off if more than 30% PwHNC withdrew premature. The primary outcome of the OSHO #94’ trial (N = 53) is the change in global QoL score from pre- to post-intervention (EORTC QLQ-C30). Secondary outcomes include clinical and patient-reported measures, training details as well as functional diagnostic data (e.g. level of physical activity, training frequency, flexibility, fall risk and aerobic performance). Results: 25 PwHNC were enrolled onto the feasibility cohort. Only16% (4/25 patients) did not complete the study. Therefore, recruitment of PwHNC was continued. The dropout rate was adjusted from 30% (N = 60) to 20% (N = 53, calculated sample size n = 42 PwHNC and 20% (n = 11) to dropout). Conclusions: Individualized home exercise programs in PwHNC in aftercare seem feasible. Consequently, the aim is now to evaluate the short and medium-term effects of individualized home exercise.
KEYed user interface : an HCI theoretic design of a novel music composition interface
Creators: name: Mohamed Ali, Mohamad Farhan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: User interfaces in music composition workstations have become cumbersome, especially as they require the use of multiple input devices, such as an electronic piano keyboard, a computer keyboard, and a mouse, repetitively during a composing task. Considering this, our goal is to give the composer a more transparent interface which allows him to focus on the creative aspects of music composition. Novel and intuitive interfaces for music composition workstations can be designed by applying the findings and principles from the field of human computer interaction. One such design is the KEYed user interface, an ergonomic method for controlling music composition software from an electronic piano keyboard by adding a momentary foot pedal as a mode switch. Features for complex sound editing and control are integrated into the system; therefore, the user interface requires far fewer operations to achieve various music production tasks. This helps the composer focus on musical, rather than operational, issues. The results from our experiments with the KEYed user interface show that composers are able to perform production tasks faster when compared to their performance with present user interface setups. Further, they experience enormous comfort, naturalness and intimacy when being engaged with the new interface. The piano keyboard mappings, combined with a single-point touchpad for performing multi-degree of freedom tasks, provide increased speed and intimacy with the controls for improving comfort, thereby enhancing the expressivity of the composer during composition.
Variant Monte Carlo algorithm for driven elastic strings in random media
Creators: name: Rosso, Alberto
name: Krauth, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the non-local Variant Monte Carlo algorithm which has been successfully employed in the study of driven elastic strings in disordered media at the depinning threshold. Here we prove two theorems, which establish that the algorithm satisfies the crucial no-passing rule and that, after some initial time, the string exclusively moves forward. The Variant Monte Carlo algorithm overcomes the shortcomings of local methods, as we show by analyzing the depinning threshold of a single-pin problem.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, proceedings of Conference on Computational Physics, CCP2004 (Genova, Italy)
Entanglement and classical correlations at the doping-driven Mott transition in the two-dimensional Hubbard model
Creators: name: Walsh, C.
name: Sémon, P.
name: Poulin, D.
name: Sordi, G.
name: Tremblay, A. -M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tools of quantum information theory offer a new perspective to characterize phases and phase transitions in interacting many-body quantum systems. The Hubbard model is the archetypal model of such systems and can explain rich phenomena of quantum matter with minimal assumptions. Recent measurements of entanglement-related properties of this model using ultracold atoms in optical lattices hint that entanglement could provide the key to understanding open questions of the doped Hubbard model, including the remarkable properties of the pseudogap phase. These experimental findings call for a theoretical framework and new predictions. Here we approach the doped Hubbard model in two dimensions from the perspective of quantum information theory. We study the local entropy and the total mutual information across the doping-driven Mott transition within plaquette cellular dynamical mean-field theory. We find that upon varying doping these two entanglement-related properties detect the Mott insulating phase, the strongly correlated pseudogap phase, and the metallic phase. Imprinted in the entanglement-related properties we also find the pseudogap to correlated metal first-order transition, its finite temperature critical endpoint, and its supercritical crossovers. Through this footprint we reveal an unexpected interplay of quantum and classical correlations. Our work shows that sharp variation in the entanglement-related properties and not broken symmetry phases characterizes the onset of the pseudogap phase at finite temperature.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures; accepted version
Management of irrigation water storages: carryover rights and capacity sharing
Creators: name: Hughes, Neal
name: Hughes, Neal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009

description: The intertemporal management of irrigation water involves a consumption-storage decision, where the benefits of using water today are evaluated against the uncertain benefits of storing water for future use. Traditionally in Australia, state governments have centrally managed the major water storages: making decisions on water allocations given prevailing storage levels. However, in practice there are a number of factors which may prevent a centralised approach from achieving an optimal allocation of water. This paper considers in detail two decentralised approaches to storage management: carryover rights and capacity sharing. This paper also presents a quantitative analysis of storage management, involving the application of a stochastic dynamic programming model.
Climate vulnerability and the Heart of Neolithic Orkney World Heritage Property
Creators: name: Jones, Rebecca
name: Hyslop, Ewan
name: Lyall, Alice
name: Day, Jon
name: Heron, Scott F
name: Markham, Adam
name: Downes, Jane
name: Gibson, Julie
Publisher: name: The Archaeologist
Year: 2021

description: The Archaeologist, No. 108 (2019): The Archaeologist
The energetic north: development gains and growing pains
Creators: name: Melanie, Jane
name: Gleeson, Trish
name: Rogers, Nikki
name: Stark, Clare
name: Melanie, Jane
name: Gleeson, Trish
name: Rogers, Nikki
name: Stark, Clare
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009

description: Northern Australia has changed rapidly over the past 10 to 20 years with its regional economies becoming increasingly internationally connected. There have been many gains to the Australian economy through the development and investment opportunities which have presented themselves in this dynamic region of Australia. This includes the development of rich energy and mineral resources, the development of pastoral and agricultural industries, growth in tourism expenditure and investment in strategic transport and communications infrastructure. Along with these development gains, the region faces a number of challenges or ‘growing pains’. Can the prosperity of Northern Australia be sustained as we enter a global recession and longer term pressures emerge?
Scaling and a Fokker-Planck model for fluctuations in geomagnetic indices and comparison with solar wind epsilon as seen by WIND and ACE
Creators: name: Hnat, B.
name: Chapman, S. C.
name: Rowlands, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of magnetospheric indices on temporal scales shorter than that of substorms is characterized by bursty, intermittent events that may arise from turbulence intrinsic to the magnetosphere or may reflect solar wind-magnetosphere coupling. This leads to a generic problem of distinguishing between the features of the system and those of the driver. We quantify scaling properties of short term (up to few hours) fluctuations in the geomagnetic indices AL and AU during solar minimum and maximum along with the parameter epsilon that is a measure of the solar wind driver. We find that self-similar statistics provide a good approximation for the observed scaling properties of fluctuations in the geomagnetic indices, regardless of the solar activity level, and in the epsilon parameter at solar maximum. This self-similarity persists for fluctuations on time scales at least up to about 1-2 hours. The scaling exponent of AU index fluctuations show dependence on the solar cycle and the trend follows that found in the scaling of fluctuations in epsilon. The values of their corresponding scaling exponents, however, are always distinct. Fluctuations in the AL index are insensitive to the solar cycle as well as being distinct from those in the epsilon parameter. This approximate self-similar scaling leads to a Fokker-Planck model which, we show, captures the probability density function of fluctuations and provides a stochastic dynamical equation (Langevin equation) for time series of the geomagnetic indices.
description: 18 pages long, 13 figures, submitted to JGR in Ocober
Cold Storage: Why Doha Failed
Creators: name: Vanzetti, David
name: Peters, Ralf
name: Vanzetti, David
name: Peters, Ralf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009

description: The WTO negotiations on agriculture were placed in cold storage in July 2008 although 18 of the 20 major agenda items had been agreed. The sticking point was the safeguard measures to control import surges, while the final issue, relating to domestic support for US cotton, was not addressed. Quantitative analysis of the numbers on the table indicate that improvements in market access in the European Union and Japan drive changes in exports and welfare, whereas special safeguard measures, export subsidies, domestic support and special products appear to be of lesser importance. Many developing countries, including most LDCs, would enjoy export gains but experience welfare losses because of higher import prices.
High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modelling. II. The early-type spiral galaxy M81
Creators: name: Verstocken, Sam
name: Nersesian, Angelos
name: Baes, Maarten
name: Viaene, Sébastien
name: Bianchi, Simone
name: Casasola, Viviana
name: Clark, Christopher J. R.
name: Davies, Jonathan I.
name: De Looze, Ilse
name: De Vis, Pieter
name: Dobbels, Wouter
name: Galliano, FrédÉric
name: Jones, Anthony P.
name: Madden, Suzanne C.
name: Mosenkov, Aleksandr V.
name: Trčka, Ana
name: Xilouris, Emmanuel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interstellar dust absorbs stellar light very efficiently and thus shapes the energetic output of galaxies. Studying the impact of different stellar populations on the dust heating remains hard because it requires decoupling the relative geometry of stars and dust, and involves complex processes as scattering and non-local dust heating. We aim to constrain the relative distribution of dust and stellar populations in the spiral galaxy M81 and create a realistic model of the radiation field that describes the observations. Investigating the dust-starlight interaction on local scales, we want to quantify the contribution of young and old stellar populations to the dust heating. We aim to standardise the setup and model selection of such inverse radiative transfer simulations so this can be used for comparable modelling of other nearby galaxies. We present a semi-automated radiative transfer modelling pipeline that implements the necessary steps such as the geometric model construction and the normalisation of the components through an optimisation routine. We use the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SKIRT to calculate a self-consistent, panchromatic model of the interstellar radiation field. By looking at different stellar populations independently, we can quantify to what extent different stellar age populations contribute to the dust heating. Our method takes into account the effects of non-local heating. We obtain a realistic 3D radiative transfer model of the face-on galaxy M81. We find that only 50.2\% of the dust heating can be attributed to young stellar populations. We confirm a tight correlation between the specific star formation rate and the heating fraction by young stellar populations, both in sky projection and in 3D, also found for radiative transfer models of M31 and M51. We conclude that... (abridged)
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Schlüssel zum Erfolg : wie gelingt die Klausur im Strafrecht? : Ein Leitfaden für Anfänger
Creators: name: Becker, Tom Hendrik
name: Uken, Hendrik
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Dieser Beitrag stellt die Fallbearbeitung einer strafrechtlichen Klausur in chronologischer Weise dar und untermauert sie an den jeweiligen Handlungsschritten mit hilfreichen Tipps und Tricks, um den Einstieg in strafrechtliche Klausuren am Studienbeginn zu erleichtern.
Sensing electric and magnetic fields with Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Wildermuth, S.
name: Hofferberth, S.
name: Lesanovsky, I.
name: Groth, S.
name: Bar-Joseph, I.
name: Krueger, P.
name: Schmiedmayer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the application of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) as sensors for magnetic and electric fields. In an experimental demonstration we have brought one-dimensional BECs close to micro-fabricated wires on an atom chip and thereby reached a sensitivity to potential variations of ~10e-14eV at 3 micron spatial resolution. We demonstrate the versatility of this sensor by measuring a two-dimensional magnetic field map 10 micron above a 100-micron-wide wire. We show how the transverse current-density component inside the wire can be reconstructed from such maps. The field sensitivity in dependence on the spatial resolution is discussed and further improvements utilizing Feshbach resonances are outlined.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Duty-free and quota-free market access for LDCs
Creators: name: Vanzetti, David
name: Peters, Ralf
name: Vanzetti, David
name: Peters, Ralf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: WTO negotiations
subject: trade
subject: agricultural tariffs

description: Developed countries have agreed to provide duty free and quota free access to imports from LDCs covered by 97 per cent of tariff lines. However, LDCs would like to extend the agreement to 100 per cent coverage, since 3 per cent of tariff lines can cover a substantial proportion of LDC exports. Products of major interest include textiles and clothing and agricultural goods such as rice, oilseeds, sugar and bananas. The potential trade and welfare impacts of expanding the coverage are analysed using a general equilibrium model. Estimates indicate LDCs stand to gain $7.5 billion in additional exports.
The impact of climate change on the irrigated agricultural industries in the Murray-Darling Basin
Creators: name: Hafi, Ahmed
name: Thorpe, Sally
name: Foster, Adam
name: Hafi, Ahmed
name: Thorpe, Sally
name: Foster, Adam
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009

description: Climate change is expected to significantly reduce water availability in the Murray-Darling Basin. This paper details a bio-physical economic model of the Basin regions which has been developed to estimate the effect of reduced water availability on irrigated agriculture. In the model, regions are linked through a network of water and salt flows, while crop yields respond to irrigation and salinity. The model allows water trade to be restricted to regions or to be unrestricted across the basin. The paper also develops a hypothetical scenario to demonstrate the model.
Dilepton low $p_T$ suppression as an evidence of the Color Glass Condensate
Creators: name: Betemps, M. A.
name: Ducati, M. B. Gay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dilepton production is investigated in proton-nucleus collisions in the forward region using the Color Glass Condensate approach. The transverse momentum distribution ($p_T$), more precisely the low $p_T$ region, where the saturation effects are expected to increase, is analyzed. The ratio between proton-nucleus and proton-proton differential cross section for RHIC and LHC energies is evaluated, showing the effects of saturation at small $p_T$, and presenting a Cronin type peak at moderate $p_T$. These features indicate the dilepton as a most suitable probe to study the properties of the saturated regime and the Cronin effect.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, replaced with the version to appear in Physical Review D
Developing an auditing tool to measure community capacity of using market based instruments
Creators: name: Shi, Tian
name: Shi, Tian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Auditing tool
subject: Template
subject: Market-based instrument
subject: Community capacity
subject: Capacity measurement

description: Community capacity is essential for the design, development and implementation of MBIs, therefore it is important to be able to measure and monitor it over time. Community MBIs capacity audit is a means to identifying, developing and harnessing a community’s capacity to strengthen and develop stakeholder’s MBI awareness, and support local groups in achieving positive NRM and environmental outcomes. In this paper, an auditing tool is proposed to profile and increase communities’ capacity of using MBIs. The assessment provides sound quantitative results and graphic outputs that are easy for community individuals, groups and organizations to access and interpret. The profile allows a wide range of stakeholders to self-assess their MBIs capacity, from which will form the basis for community MBIs capacity-building strategic planning (eg, initiating relevant and targeted training and education programs).
Two serial filters control P2X7 cation selectivity, Ser342 in the central pore and lateral acidic residues at the cytoplasmic interface
Creators: name: Markwardt, Fritz
name: Schön, Eike Christian
name: Raycheva, Michaela
name: Malisetty, Aparna
name: Hawro Yakoob, Sanaria
name: Bertholda, Malte
name: Schmalzing, Günther
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 610

description: The human P2X7 receptor (hP2X7R) is a homotrimeric cell surface receptor gated by extracellular ATP4− with two transmembrane helices per subunit, TM1 and TM2. A ring of three S342 residues, one from each pore-forming TM2 helix, located halfway across the membrane bilayer, functions to close and open the gate in the apo and ATP4−-bound open states, respectively. The hP2X7R is selective for small inorganic cations, but can also conduct larger organic cations such as Tris+. Here, we show by voltage-clamp electrophysiology in Xenopus laevis oocytes that mutation of S342 residues to positively charged lysines decreases the selectivity for Na+ over Tris+, but maintains cation selectivity. Deep in the membrane, laterally below the S342 ring are nine acidic residues arranged as an isosceles triangle consisting of residues E14, D352, and D356 on each side, which do not move significantly during gating. When the E14K mutation is combined with lysine substitutions of D352 and/or D356, cation selectivity is lost and permeation of the small anion Cl− is allowed. Lysine substitutions of S342 together with D352 or E14 plus D356 in the acidic triangle convert the hP2X7R mutant to a fully Cl−-selective ATP4−-gated receptor. We conclude that the ion selectivity of wild-type hP2X7R is determined by two sequential filters in one single pathway: (i) a primary size filter, S342, in the membrane center and (ii) three cation filters lateral to the channel axis, one per subunit interface, consisting of a total of nine acidic residues at the cytoplasmic interface.
Using continuous improvement and innovation principles for strategic planning in a government department
Creators: name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Mullen, John D.
name: Griffith, Garry R.
name: Mullen, John D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Continuous improvement and innovation
subject: process
subject: strategic planning
subject: action design.

description: Continuous Improvement and Innovation (CI&I) is both a management process and a management strategy. In this paper, we describe how CI&I principles have been used in a strategic planning context by the research economist group in the NSW Department of Primary Industries. We provide some background on the development of CI&I as a management concept and describe the steps involved in implementing the CI&I process in this context. We conclude with some observations about the usefulness of this approach for strategic planning in a government department.