cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Advanced Photodetectors for Hyperspectroscopy and Other Applications
Creators: name: Rodionov, I.
name: Bidault, J-M.
name: Crotty, I.
name: Fonte, P.
name: Galy, F.
name: Peskov, V.
name: Zanette, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hyperspectroscopy is a new method of surface image taking, providing simultaneously high position and spectral resolutions which allow one to make some conclusions about chemical compositions of the surfaces. We are now studying applications of the hyperspctroscopic technique to be used for medicine. This may allow one to develop early diagnostics of some illnesses, as for example, skin cancer. For image taking advanced MCPs are currently used, sensitive in the spectral interval of 450-850 nm. One of the aims of this work is to extend the hyperspectrocpic method to the UV region of spectra: 185-280 nm. For this we have developed and successfully tested innovative 1D and 2D UV sealed photosensitive gaseous detectors with resistive electrodes. These detectors are superior MCPs due to the very low rate of noise pulses and thus due to the high signal to noise ratio. Other important features of these detectors are that they have excellent position resolutions - 30 micron in digital form, are vibration stable and are spark protected. The first results from the application of these detectors for spectroscopy, hyperspectroscopy and the flame detection are presented.
description: Presented at the IEEE Nuclear Science Syposium, Puerto Rico, October 2005
The Economics of Alternative Strategies for the Reduction of Food-borne Diseases in Developing Countries: The Case of Diarrhea in Rwanda
Creators: name: Von Witzke, Harald
name: Kirschke, Dieter
name: Lotze-Campen, Hermann
name: Noleppa, Steffen
name: Von Witzke, Harald
name: Kirschke, Dieter
name: Lotze-Campen, Hermann
name: Noleppa, Steffen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: public health
subject: consumer protection
subject: social cost
subject: economics of food-borne diseases

description: The paper provides a methodology which is suitable for the analysis of the social cost of disease and the benefits and cost of health intervention by integrating public health analysis and economics. The approach developed in the paper is applied to food-borne diarrhea in Rwanda. The results suggest that simple treatments such as Oral Rehydration Therapy have a higher social rate of return than consumer protection via education.
Microstructural characteristics in Babbitt coatings deposited by LPCS
Creators: name: Tillmann, Wolfgang
name: Hagen, Leif
name: Abdulgader, Mohamed
name: Kensy, Mark Dennis
name: Paulus, Michael
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Babbitt
subject: Thermal spraying
subject: Low pressure cold spraying
subject: 620
subject: 670
subject: Nichteisenmetall
subject: Thermisches Spritzen
subject: Kaltspritzen

description: Studies have already established that the mechanical properties of Babbitt coatings significantly depend on the microstructural characteristics, such as the amount and distribution of intermetallic compounds dispersed in a soft solid solution matrix. For Sn–Sb–Cu-based Babbitt coatings, the formation of SbSn- and CuSn-based precipitates has a substantial influence on the resulting microhardness and thus determines the maximum load carrying capacity. Thermal spraying of Sn-based Babbitt coatings results in a relatively more refined structure of these precipitates than in common manufacturing processes, such as casting, due to the thermal processing conditions. This study aims to evaluate the effect of the temperature of the propellant gas and substrate temperature on the microstructural characteristics of Sn–Sb–Cu-based Babbitt coatings deposited by low pressure cold spraying (LPCS). The deposits were examined for their phase composition, microhardness and mesoscopic structure. It was found that the coatings were mainly composed of Sb2Sn23, Sb0.49Sn0.51 and Sorosite (CuSn or CuSb0.115Sn0.835), regardless of the substrate temperature or temperature of the propellant gas to be investigated. For a gas temperature above 300 °C, an increased microhardness was observed, which correlates with the appearance of a more homogenous distribution of Sb0.49Sn0.51 dispersed in a soft Sn-rich solid solution matrix.
description: Coatings;10(7)
On Distribution Functions for Partons in Nuclei
Creators: name: Rinat, A. S.
name: Taragin, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest that a previously conjectured relation between Structure Functions (SF) for nuclei and nucleons also links distribution functions (df) for partons in a nucleus and in nucleons. The above suggestion ensures in principle identical results for SF $F_2^A$, whether computed with hadronic or partonic degrees of freedom. In practice there are differences, due to different $F_2^n$ input. We show that the thus defined nuclear parton distribution functions (pdf) respect standard sumrules. In addition we numerically compare some moments of nuclear SF, and find agreement between results, using hadronic and partonic descriptions. We present computations of EMC ratios for both, and compare those with hadronic predictions and data. In spite of substantial differences in the participating SF, the two representations produce approximately the same EMC ratios. The apparent correlation between the above deviations is ascribed to a sumrule for $F_2^A$. We conclude with a discussion of alternative approaches to nuclear pdf.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Social Capital and Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe: A Theoretical Perspective
Creators: name: Murray, Catherine
name: Murray, Catherine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: The transition process in central and eastern Europe (CEE) had a profound effect on how individuals interact. Economic and social institutions have changed, requiring an adaptation process by individuals in the move toward a market economy. How each individual accesses, manipulates and uses their networks will determine the use of their social capital. Within CEE, there is a presumption of low levels of social capital. This paper was written as a conceptual framework for a research project entitled 'Integrated Development of Agricultural and Rural Institutions' (IDARI) in CEE countries. One element of the IDARI project is to understand the emergence and maintenance of cooperative behaviour in light of rural restructuring and institutional change in CEE. A link exists between social capital formation and cooperation amongst individuals, as both concepts imply social interaction and the formation of trust. This paper questions the rationale of applying the contested 'western' concept of social capital to CEE countries. It argues that although the concept was developed to understand processes within established democratic systems, it nevertheless is instrumental for analysing how trust is formed, and for understanding cooperation amongst individuals. As such, this framework reconciles literature from sociological and economic disciplines. Social networks and use of those networks (social capital) is becoming more important in light of accession to the EU, particularly when opportunities within and access to rural and regional development programmes are dependent on existing networks. Social capital is seen as a dynamic entity, a form of institutional change, which leads to innovation in the existing governance structures. Thus social capital provides a powerful explanatory tool for processes of institutional change.
Senescent HUVECs-secreted exosomes trigger endothelial barrier dysfunction in young endothelial cells
Creators: name: Wong, Pooi-Fong
name: Tong, King-Leng
name: Jamal, Juliana
name: Khor, Eng-Soon
name: Lai, Siew-Li
name: Mustafa, Mohd Rais
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microvesicular
subject: Extracellular vesicle
subject: Senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP)
subject: Endothelial adherens junction proteins
subject: Senescent HUVECs-secreted exosomes
subject: Endothelial barrier dysfunction
subject: 610

description: Accumulation of senescent endothelial cells can cause endothelium dysfunction which eventually leads to age-related vascular disorders. The senescent-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cells secrete a plethora of soluble factors that negatively influence the surrounding tissue microenvironment. The present study sought to investigate the effects of exosomes, which are nano-sized extracellular vesicl es known for intercellular communications secreted by SASP cells on young endothelial cells. Exosomes were isolated from the condition media of senescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and then confirmed by the detection of exosome specific CD63 and CD9 expressions, electron microscopy and acetylcholinesterase assay. The purified exosomes were used to treat young HUVECs. Exposure to exosomes repressed the expression of adherens junction proteins including vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin and beta-catenin, decreased cell growth kinetics and impaired endothelial migration potential of young endothelial cells. These findings suggest that senescent HUVECs-secreted exosomes could disrupt barrier integrity that underpins endothelial barrier dysfunction in healthy young endothelial cells.
description: EXCLI Journal;Vol. 18 2019
A systematic observational study on Galactic interstellar ratio 18O/17O: I. C18O and C17O J=1-0 data analysis
Creators: name: Zhang, J. S.
name: Liu, W.
name: Yan, Y. T.
name: Yu, H. Z.
name: Liu, J. T.
name: Zheng, Y. H.
name: Romano, D.
name: Zhang, Z. -Y.
name: Wang, J. Z.
name: Chen, J. L.
name: Wang, Y. X.
name: Zhang, W. J.
name: Lu, H. H.
name: Chen, L. S.
name: Zou, Y. P.
name: Yang, H. Q.
name: Wen, T.
name: Lu, F. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interstellar oxygen isotopic ratio of 18O/17O can reflect the relative amount of the secular enrichment by ejecta from high-mass versus intermediate-mass stars. Previous observations found a Galactic gradient of 18O/17O, i.e., low ratios in the Galactic center and large values in the Galactic disk, which supports the insideout formation scenario of our Galaxy. However, the observed objects are not many and, in particular, not so many at large galactocentric distances. Thus we started a systematic study on Galactic interstellar 18O/17O, through observations of C18O and C17O multi-transition lines toward a large sample of 286 sources (at least one order of magnitude larger than previous ones), from the Galactic center region to the far outer Galaxy (~22 kpc). Here we present our observations of J=1-0 lines of C18O and C17O, with the ARO12m and the IRAM 30m telescope. We detected successfully both C18O and C17O 1-0 lines for 34 sources among our IRAM30m sample of 50 targets and for 166 sources among our ARO12m sample of 260 targets. The C18O optical depth effect on our ratio results, evaluated by fitting results of C17O spectra with hyperfine components and our RADEX non-LTE model calculation for the strongest source, was found to be insignificant. Beam dilution does not seem to be a problem either, which was supported by the fact of no systematic variation between the isotopic ratio and the heliocentric distance, and consistent measured ratios from two telescopes for most of those detected sources. Our results, though there are still very few detections made for sources in the outer Galaxy, confirm the apparent 18O/17O gradient of 18O/17O = (0.10+-0.03)R_GC+(2.95+-0.30), with a Pearson's rank correlation coefficient R = 0.69. This is supported by the newest Galactic chemical evolution model including the impact of massive stellar rotators and novae.
description: 35 pages, 7 figures, published in ApJS
Electron-phonon coupling in the two phonon mode ternary alloy $Al_{0.25}In_{0.75}As/Ga_{0.25}In_{0.75}As$ quantum well
Creators: name: Faugeras, C.
name: Martinez, G.
name: Capotondi, F.
name: Biasiol, G.
name: Sorba, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the infrared transmission of a two-dimensional (2DEG) electron gas confined in a $Al_{0.25}In_{0.75}As/Ga_{0.25}In_{0.75}As$ single quantum well in order to study the electron optical phonon interaction in a two phonon mode system. Infrared transmission experiments have been performed in both the perpendicular Faraday (PF) and tilted Faraday (TF) configurations for which the growth axis of the sample is tilted with respect to the incident light propagation direction and to the magnetic field direction. The experimental results lead to question the validity of the concept of polaron mass in a real material.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Some Aspects of Minimal Length Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Nozari, Kourosh
name: Azizi, Tahereh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: String theory, quantum geometry, loop quantum gravity and black hole physics all indicate the existence of a minimal observable length on the order of Planck length. This feature leads to a modification of Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Such a modified Heisenberg uncertainty principle is referred as gravitational uncertainty principle(GUP) in literatures. This proposal has some novel implications on various domains of theoretical physics. Here, we study some consequences of GUP in the spirit of Quantum mechanics. We consider two problem: a particle in an one-dimensional box and momentum space wave function for a "free particle". In each case we will solve corresponding perturbational equations and compare the results with ordinary solutions.
description: 9 pages, one eps figure
Generation and distribution of atomic entanglement in coupled-cavity arrays
Creators: name: Mendonça, J. P.
name: de Moura, F. A. B. F.
name: Lyra, M. L.
name: Almeida, G. M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of entanglement in a 1D coupled-cavity array, each cavity containing a two-level atom, via the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard (JCH) Hamiltonian in the single-excitation sector. The model features a rich variety of dynamical regimes that can be harnessed for entanglement control. The protocol is based on setting an excited atom above the ground state and further letting it evolve following the natural dynamics of the Hamiltonian. Here we focus on the concurrence between pairs of atoms and its relation to atom-field correlations and the structure of the array. We show that the extension and distribution pattern of pairwise entanglement can be manipulated through a judicious tuning of the atom-cavity coupling strength only. Our work offers a comprehensive account over the machinery of the single-excitation JCH Hamiltonian as well as contributes to the design of hybrid light-matter quantum networks.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Agri-Environmental Policy in Germany: Understanding the Role of Regional Administration
Creators: name: Eggers, Jorg
name: Laschewski, Lutz
name: Schleyer, Christian
name: Eggers, Jorg
name: Laschewski, Lutz
name: Schleyer, Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Environmental Economics and Policy

description: With regard to agri-environmental schemes under Regulation (EC) No. 1257/1999 in Europe a rather divers uptake as well as a lack of effectiveness and efficiency of these current schemes can be observed. In contrast to most of the related literature, we suggest that the ineffectiveness and inefficiency is inherent to the way those schemes are currently institutionalised in the framework of European agricultural policies. The paper draws on experiences made within the GRANO research project on Approaches for Sustainable Agricultural Production in Northeast Germany. Among other sub-projects, round tables, so-called Agri-Environmental Forums (AEF), were installed in two districts in Brandenburg to integrate local actors directly into the process of designing and implementing local agri-environmental schemes in order to improve their economic and ecological efficiency. While the participants were successful in designing such local scheme, it did not become part of the Rural Development Plan in Brandenburg. Based on this case study, we argue that the process of designing agri-environmental schemes in Germany can be conceptualised as a rather complex negotiation process at Laender level. The institutional settings in which this negotiation process takes place shape the possible outcomes and, thus, the design of the schemes. With only passive support for decentralised and participatory approaches, yet compulsory complex bureaucratic procedures on part of the EU, there are no incentives for the administration at Laender level to actively support those approaches. Further, it can not be expected that the lack of effectiveness and efficiency can be wiped out completely from the current European Agri-environmental Policy framework. Therefore, we have to drop the assumption that agri-environmental issues in general can be solved through agri-environmental schemes alone.
Explaining Changes of Property Rights among Afar Pastoralists, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Hundie, Bekele
name: Hundie, Bekele
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Land Economics/Use
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study aims at explaining property right changes in selected areas of Afar region in Ethiopia. Based on primary and secondary data, explanations are given on the existing types of land use arrangements and how the traditional communal rights of pastoralists have been changing. Both communal rights and individualized rights exist the latter being introduced with the establishment of commercial farms. The state is identified as one driving force behind property right changes especially in one study site (Ambash), which is suitable for irrigated agriculture whereas its direct intervention is minimal in other sites. The coercive interventions started in 1960s have had detrimental impacts on the livelihoods of pastoral households. In addition to the state as a change agent, natural as well as socioeconomic challenges are important in explaining the current changes in land use arrangements.
AN ATTENTION-AWARE BIDIRECTIONAL MULTI-RESIDUAL RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORK (ABMRNN): A STUDY ABOUT BETTER SHORT-TERM TEXT CLASSIFICATION
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80199 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) has been proven an efficient way to model sequential data, because of its ability to overcome the gradient diminishing problem during training. However, due to the limited memory capacity in LSTM cells, LSTM is weak in capturing long-time dependency in sequential data. To address this challenge, we propose an Attention aware Bidirectional Multi-residual Recurrent Neural Network (ABMRNN) to overcome the deficiency. Our model considers both past and future information at every time step with omniscient attention based on LSTM. In addition to that, the multi-residual mechanism has been leveraged in our model which aims to model the relationship between current time step with further distant time steps instead of a just previous time step. The results of experiments show that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance in classification tasks.
Quantum droplet states of a binary magnetic gas
Creators: name: Smith, Joseph C.
name: Baillie, D.
name: Blakie, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum droplets can emerge in bosonic binary magnetic gases (BMGs) from the interplay of short- and long-ranged interactions, and quantum fluctuations. We develop an extended meanfield theory for this system and use it to predict equilibrium and dynamical properties of BMG droplets. We present a phase diagram and characterize miscible and immiscible droplet states. We also show that a single component self-bound droplet can be used to bind another magnetic component which is not in the droplet regime. Our results should be realizable in experiments with mixtures of highly-magnetic lanthanide atoms.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Complex supergravity quintessence models confronted with Sn Ia data
Creators: name: Henttunen, K.
name: Multamaki, T.
name: Vilja, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of supergravity inspired quintessence models is studied by comparing to cosmological data. The set of considered models includes several previously studied quintessential potentials, as well as the $Λ$CDM model. We find that even though the commonly studied supergravity inspired quintessence models fit the data better than the $Λ$CDM model, they are a relatively poor fit when compared to the best fit model in the studied class. Our results suggest a low energy scale, less than ${\cal{M}}\sim 1$ TeV, for the effective supergravity potential.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Quantum transmission conditions for diffusive transport in graphene with steep potentials
Creators: name: Barletti, Luigi
name: Negulescu, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formal derivation of a drift-diffusion model for stationary electron transport in graphene, in presence of sharp potential profiles, such as barriers and steps. Assuming the electric potential to have steep variations within a strip of vanishing width on a macroscopic scale, such strip is viewed as a quantum interface that couples the classical regions at its left and right sides. In the two classical regions, where the potential is assumed to be smooth, electron and hole transport is described in terms of semiclassical kinetic equations. The diffusive limit of the kinetic model is derived by means of a Hilbert expansion and a boundary layer analysis, and consists of drift-diffusion equations in the classical regions, coupled by quantum diffusive transmission conditions through the interface. The boundary layer analysis leads to the discussion of a four-fold Milne (half-space, half-range) transport problem.
SHIFTING GOVERNANCE IN SLOVENSKY RAJ NATIONAL PARK
Creators: name: Chobotova, Veronika
name: Kluvankova-Oravska, Tatiana
name: Chobotova, Veronika
name: Kluvankova-Oravska, Tatiana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This paper explores the role of social capital and governance in rural development within Slovensky Raj National Park. Based on the theory of Common Pool Resources and Network Governance, the case study explores the external and internal influences on cooperation. Current decision making in the Park is still affected by post socialist relations. In particular inefficient institutional design and non-robust governance of the resources have resulted in over-exploitation of natural resources and treating common property as open-access. On one hand, evidence emerged on domination of interpersonal trust and failure of institutional design. These were found as barriers for the National Park to be viewed by various actors as an asset. On the other hand, municipal and tourism networks show that cooperation is gradually moving from being externally to internally driven, while displaying characteristics of bottom-up development. A hierarchical governance structure is thus slowly opening up, shifting towards networks.
Improved Stereo Matching based on Convolutional Neural Network
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80106 Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The MC-CNN (as Matching Cost Convolutional Neural Network) based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) obtains good results in stereo matching. However, it often takes tremendous time to run algorithms by GPU, because stereo images are big and the training module takes a lot of samples. In this paper, T-CNN, a stereo matching algorithm consisting of two main modules: training and testing is proposed. For the training module, fewer samples from the stereo image patches are trained in order to reduce the running time. For the testing module, we combine the values from the MC-CNN network, color information and gradient information to obtain cost matching function. In our experiments, the matching costs of T-CNN are compared with that of MC-CNN networks, showing that our algorithm T-CNN outperforms the MC-CNN.
Intellectual Property Rights and Their Impacts in Developing Countries: An Empirical Analysis of Maize Breeding in Mexico
Creators: name: Leger, Andreanne
name: Leger, Andreanne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Intellectual property rights
subject: Developing Country
subject: Empirical Evidence
subject: Transaction costs
subject: Mexico
subject: Maize

description: There is little empirical evidence concerning the effects of intellectual property rights (IPR) on a technologically advanced developing country. Complete enumeration of the Mexican maize breeding industry showed that, contrary to the hypothesis that IPR would provide, in a technologically advanced developing country, incentives for R&D and innovation, IPR play no role for the industry in general, but that they are important for certain breeders' categories. The paper presents the theory on IPR and a short background on the Mexican maize breeding industry. The analysis of the interviews with maize breeders leads to the conclusion that the theory on IPR should be revised and take into account the characteristics of developing countries critical for the good functioning of IPR, especially the quality of the institutional environment and the judiciary system, and the importance of transaction costs related to IPR protection. The level of technological development also determines the extent to which actors can benefit from IPR protection. Given the relatively good score of Mexico on these two critical factors, IPR are likely to play an even smaller role for other developing countries.
Operationalisierungsprobleme Einer Vergleichenden Institutionenanalyse Zur Gewasserunterhaltung
Creators: name: Monsees, Jan
name: Monsees, Jan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: When applying New Institutional Economics (NIE) to empirical studies one is confronted with typical problems of operationalization. To illustrate some of these problems, this paper utilizes a comparative institutional analysis of the German Water and Soil Associations and alternative governance structures for watercourse maintenance. It gives a brief introduction into the logic behind this approach (1) and discusses some terminological problems of NIE (2). The next sections illuminate the domain of watercourse maintenance (3), and the different governance structures organizing this function (4). Subsequently, four evaluative criteria are selected and explicated (5), and the operationalization and application of the criterion 'institutional congruence' is exemplified (6). Finally, section 7 sums up.
Optimal and efficient crossover designs for comparing test treatments with a control treatment
Creators: name: Hedayat, A. S.
name: Yang, Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62K05 (Primary) 62K10 (Secondary)

description: This paper deals exclusively with crossover designs for the purpose of comparing t test treatments with a control treatment when the number of periods is no larger than t+1. Among other results it specifies sufficient conditions for a crossover design to be simultaneously A-optimal and MV-optimal in a very large and appealing class of crossover designs. It is expected that these optimal designs are highly efficient in the entire class of crossover designs. Some computationally useful tools are given and used to build assorted small optimal and efficient crossover designs. The model robustness of these newly discovered crossover designs is discussed.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053604000000887 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Emergent Bloch oscillations in a kinetically constrained Rydberg spin lattice
Creators: name: Magoni, Matteo
name: Mazza, Paolo P.
name: Lesanovsky, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the relaxation dynamics of elementary spin clusters of a kinetically constrained spin system. Inspired by experiments with Rydberg lattice gases, we focus on the situation in which an excited spin leads to a "facilitated" excitation of a neighboring spin. We show that even weak interactions that extend beyond nearest neighbors can have a dramatic impact on the relaxation behavior: they generate a linear potential, which under certain conditions leads to the onset of Bloch oscillations of spin clusters. These hinder the expansion of a cluster and more generally the relaxation of many-body states towards equilibrium. This shows that non-ergodic behavior in kinetically constrained systems may occur as a consequence of the interplay between reduced connectivity of many-body states and weak interparticle interactions. We furthermore show that the emergent Bloch oscillations identified here can be detected in experiment through measurements of the Rydberg atom density, and discuss how spin-orbit coupling between internal and external degrees of freedom of spin clusters can be used to control their relaxation behavior.
description: 7+1 pages, 4 figures
Conflict - Threat or Opportunity? War, Livelihoods, and Vulnerability in Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Korf, Benedikt
name: Korf, Benedikt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital
Political Economy

description: In the light of a growing number of unstabilized regions of warfare or post-war conditions, this paper investigates how civilians survive in the context of a civil war. It analyzes livelihood strategies of farmers in the war-torn areas of Sri Lanka. The analytical framework is based on a revised form of DFID's sustainable rural livelihoods approach placing particular attention on the institutional reproduction of household capital assets in the war economy. The paper delineates a three pillar model of household livelihood strategies focusing on how households (i) cope with the increased level of risk and uncertainty, (ii) adjust their economic and social household assets for economic survival, and how they (iii) use their social and political assets as livelihood strategies. Empirically, the paper analyses four local case studies from the east of Sri Lanka. A key conclusion from the empirical studies was that even though the four case studies were located geographically very close, their livelihood outcomes differed considerably depending on the very specific local political geography. The role of social and political assets is thereby essential: While social assets (extended family networks) were important to absorb migrants, political assets (alliances with power holders) were instrumental in enabling individuals, households or economic actors to stabilize or even expand their livelihood options and opportunities. Hence, civilians are not all victims, some may also be culprits in the political economy of warfare. From a perspective of war-winners and losers, war can be both, a threat and an opportunity, often at the same time.
A ray-trace analysis of X-ray multilayer Laue lenses for nanometer focusing
Creators: name: Chapman, Henry N.
name: Bajt, Saša
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thick diffractive optical elements offer a promising way to achieve focusing or imaging at a resolution approaching 1 nm for X-ray wavelengths shorter than about 0.1 nm. Efficient focusing requires that these are fabricated with structures that vary in period and orientation so that rays obey Bragg's law over the entire lens aperture and give rise to constructive interference at the focus. Here the analysis method of ray-tracing of thick diffractive optical elements is applied to such lenses to optimise their designs and to investigate their operating and manufacturing tolerances. Expressions are provided of the fourth-order series expansions of the wavefront aberrations and transmissions of both axi-symmetric lenses and pairs of crossed lenses that each focuses in only one dimension like a cylindrical lens. We find that aplanatic zone-plate designs, whereby aberrations are corrected over a large field of view, can be achieved by axi-symmetric lenses but not the crossed lenses. We investigate the performance of 1 nm-resolution lenses with focal lengths of about 1 mm and show their fields of view are mainly limited by the acceptance angle of Bragg diffraction, and that aberrations can limit the performance of lenses with longer focal lengths. We apply the ray-tracing formalism for a tolerancing analysis of imperfect lenses and examine some strategies for the correction of their aberrations.
description: 44 pages, 15 figures
An H alpha survey of cluster galaxies V: cluster - field comparison for early-type galaxies
Creators: name: Moss, C.
name: Whittle, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have extended our H alpha objective prism survey of 8 low-redshift clusters (viz. Abell 262, 347, 400, 426, 569, 779, 1367 and 1656) to include a complete sample of early-type galaxies within 1.5 Abell radii of the cluster centres. Of the 379 galaxies surveyed, 3% of E, E-S0 galaxies, 6% of S0s and 9% of S0/a galaxies were detected in emission. From a comparison of cluster and supercluster field galaxies, we conclude that the frequency of emission-line galaxies (ELGs; W_lambda >/= 20 angstroms) is similar for field and cluster early-type galaxies. A similar result has previously been obtained for galaxies of types Sa and later. Together, these results confirm the inference of Biviano et al. that the relative frequency of ELGs in clusters and the field can be entirely accounted for by the different mix of morphological types between the differing environments. Detected emission is classified as `compact' or `diffuse', identified as circumnuclear starburst or AGN emission and disk emission respectively. By comparing spectroscopic data for cluster early-type ELGs with data for field galaxies from the Palomar Spectroscopic Survey of nearby galactic nuclei, we demonstrate there is modest evidence for an enhancement of compact HII emission relative to AGN emission in the early-type cluster ELGs as compared to the field. For the cluster early-type galaxies, compact HII emission correlates strongly with a disturbed morphology. This suggests that, as for later type cluster galaxies, this enhanced compact HII emission can readily be explained as an enhancement of circumnuclear starburst emission due to gravitational tidal interactions, most likely caused by sub-cluster merging and other on-going processes of cluster virialisation.
description: 12 pages, including 2 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Error estimates for discrete approximations of game options with multivariate diffusion asset prices
Creators: name: Kifer, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 91G20, 60F15

description: We obtain error estimates for strong approximations of a diffusion with a diffusion matrix $σ$ and a drift b by the discrete time process defined recursively X_N((n+1)/N) = X_N(n/N)+N^{1/2}σ(X_N(n/N))ξ(n+1)+N^{-1}b(XN(n/N)); where ξ(n); n\geq 1 are i.i.d. random vectors, and apply this in order to approximate the fair price of a game option with a diffusion asset price evolution by values of Dynkin's games with payoffs based on the above discrete time processes. This provides an effective tool for computations of fair prices of game options with path dependent payoffs in a multi asset market with diffusion evolution.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2011.07907
Chroma Uniformity Assessment of LED Display Based on HVS
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80106 Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Chroma uniformity assessment of LED displays is important for LED assessment. In this paper, we propose a method to assess the chroma uniformity of LED displays based on HVS. We set three feature factors to assess the partial feature including chroma characteristic, texture details and spatial location feature factors. Images of LED displays are captured by a CCD camera. These images will be partitioned into several parts with same sizes after certain image processing procedures. The feature factors of each part will be calculated. We multiply them together to obtain the final feature value. This method fuses objective assessment results and subjective assessment results. It is a proficient way to assess chroma uniformity which is approaching the assessment of human’s eyes.
The non-Gaussian Cold Spot in WMAP: significance, morphology and foreground contribution
Creators: name: Cruz, M.
name: Tucci, M.
name: Martinez-Gonzalez, E.
name: Vielva, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non--Gaussian cold spot in the 1-year WMAP data, described in Vielva et al. and Cruz et al., is analysed in detail in the present paper. First of all, we perform a more rigorous calculation of the significance of the non-zero kurtosis detected in WMAP maps by Vielva et al. in wavelet space, mainly generated by the Spot. We confirm the robustness of that detection, since the probability of obtaining this deviation by chance is 0.69%. Afterwards, the morphology of the Spot is studied by applying Spherical Mexican Hat Wavelets with different ellipticities. The shape of the Spot is found to be almost circular. Finally, we discuss if the observed non-Gaussianity in wavelet space can arise from bad subtracted foreground residues in the WMAP maps. We show that the flat frequency dependence of the Spot cannot be explained by a thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. Based on our present knowledge of Galactic foreground emissions, we conclude that the significance of our detection is not affected by Galactic residues in the region of the Spot. Considering different Galactic foreground estimates, the probability of finding such a big cold spot in Gaussian simulations is always below 1%.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, minor changes, accpeted in MNRAS
Radiative Correction to the Casimir Energy for Lorentz-violating Scalar Field in d+1 Dimensions
Creators: name: Valuyan, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The renormalization program in every renormalized theory should be run consistently with the type of boundary condition imposed on quantum fields. To maintain this consistency, the counterterms usually appear in the position-dependent form. In the present study, using such counterterms, we calculated the radiative correction to the Casimir energy for massive and massless Lorentz-violating scalar field constrained with Dirichlet boundary condition between two parallel plates in d spatial dimensions. In the calculation procedure, to remove infinities appearing in the vacuum energies, the box subtraction scheme supplemented by the cutoff regularization technique and analytic continuation technique were employed. Normally, in the box subtraction scheme, two similar configurations are defined and their vacuum energies are subtracted from each other in the appropriate limits. Our final results regarding all spatial dimensions were convergent and consistent with the expected physical basis. We further plotted the Casimir energy density for the time-like and space-like Lorentz-violating systems in a number of odd and even dimensions; multiple aspects of the obtained results were ultimately discussed.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MPLA
Wave Packets Propagation in Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Nozari, Kourosh
name: Mehdipour, S. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave packet broadening in usual quantum mechanics is a consequence of dispersion behavior of the medium which the wave propagates in it. In this paper, we consider the problem of wave packet broadening in the framework of Generalized Uncertainty Principle(GUP) of quantum gravity. New dispersion relations are derived in the context of GUP and it has been shown that there exists a gravitational induced dispersion which leads to more broadening of the wave packets. As a result of these dispersion relations, a generalized Klein-Gordon equation is obtained and its interpretation is given.
description: 9 pages, no figure
Ein Vergleich Von Zentralen Und Dezentralenn Losungen Zur Abwasserentsorgung Im Landlichen Raum
Creators: name: Geyler, Stefan
name: Hollander, Robert
name: Geyler, Stefan
name: Hollander, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Today, decentralised sewage disposal plants are increasingly accepted as permanent solution in rural areas. However, it is still debated in which cases they are more appropriate than central systems. The following paper deals with technological and institutional aspects of this problem. It poses the questions, which problems will arise if decentralised systems gain ground, which solutions may be necessary and how do these solutions affect the costs of decentralised systems? Although decentralised systems can keep up with central systems regarding costs for investment and operation as well as treatment efficiency, they still fail to meet quality standards in everyday life. To achieve a better compliance, technological as well as institutional approaches seem to be necessary. First, technologies of treatment plants, process control and maintenance should be optimized. Second, governmental controlling institutions must be adjusted. On the one hand, this is due to the increasing number of autonomous stakeholders involved. On the other hand, this is caused by the public good character of waste water treatment once it exceeds the basic needs of households. Thus, easy riding of households occurs. Better controlling institutions may not only minimise easy riding but also foster technological progress. Together, technological progress as well as new controlling institutions will influence private and social costs of decentralised systems and thus their range of use.
Magnetoelasticity theory of incompressible quantum Hall liquids
Creators: name: Tokatly, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple and physically transparent magnetoelasticity theory is proposed to describe linear dynamics of incompressible fractional quantum Hall states. The theory manifestly satisfies the Kohn theorem and the $f$-sum rule, and predicts a gaped intra-Landau level collective mode with a roton minimum. In the limit of vanishing bare mass $m$ the correct form of the static structure factor, $s(q)\sim q^4$, is recovered. We establish a connection of the present approach to the fermionic Chern-Simons theory, and discuss further extensions and applications. We also make an interesting analogy of the present theory to the theory of visco-elastic fluids.
description: RevTeX 4, 6 pages; expanded version to appear in PRB; more technical details, and discussions of the physics added
RESTAURANT DINER'S ATTITUDES AND RESPONSES TO A HEALTHY DINING CAMPAIGN
Creators: name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Foerster, Susan B.
name: Hill, Esther
name: Jones, Anita
name: Bohm, Erica
name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Patterson, Paul M.
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Foerster, Susan B.
name: Hill, Esther
name: Jones, Anita
name: Bohm, Erica
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Social marketing campaign
subject: reminder and attitude effects
subject: consumer food choices
subject: simultaneous equation model.

description: This study examines the impact of a healthy dining campaign on consumer's menu choices. Four restaurant chains operating in the greater San Diego area participated in the "Treat Yourself Well" (TYW) campaign. Menu entrees, which contain at least 2 servings of fruits and/or vegetables and less than 30% calories from fat or less than 20 gram of fat, were identified as healthy items and promoted. The study area was divided into experimental and control region and various promotional activities including paid advertising, public relations, networking with health providers, and in-restaurant and neighborhood promotions were conducted in experimental region. Consumer surveys were conducted in both experimental and control regions at the beginning and towards the end of the campaign. The analysis shows that consumers who were aware of the campaign tend to have more positive beliefs about healthy dining, formed more favorable attitudes towards healthy menu selections, and were more likely to purchase these items. Although consumers seem to understand the importance of healthy dining, they continue to be less willing to adopt these practices. Keywords: Social marketing campaign, reminder and attitude effects, consumer food choices, simultaneous equation model.