cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Parity doubling of nucleons, Delta and Omega baryons across the deconfinement phase transition
Creators: name: Aarts, Gert
name: Allton, Chris
name: De Boni, Davide
name: Hands, Simon
name: Jaeger, Benjamin
name: Praki, Chrisanthi
name: Skullerud, Jon-Ivar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we analyse positive- and negative-parity channels for the nucleon (spin $1/2$ octet), $Δ$ and $Ω$ baryons (spin $3/2$ decuplet) using lattice QCD. In Nature, at zero temperature, chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken, causing positive- and negative-parity ground states to have different masses. However, chiral symmetry is expected to be restored (for massless quarks) around the crossover temperature, implying that the two opposite parity channels should become degenerate. Here we study what happens in a temperature range which includes both the hadronic and the quark gluon plasma (QGP) phase. By analysing the correlation and spectral functions via exponential fits and the Maximum Entropy Method respectively, we have found parity doubling for the nucleon and $Δ$ baryon channels in the QGP phase. For the $Ω$ baryon we see a clear signal of parity doubling at the crossover temperature, which is however not complete, due to the nonzero strange quark mass. Moreover, in-medium effects in the hadronic phase are evident for all three baryons, in particular for the negative-parity ground states. This might have implications for the hadron resonance gas model. In this work we used the FASTSUM anisotropic $N_f = 2 + 1$ ensembles.
description: Comments: 8 pages, 3 figures. Talk presented at the XIIth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum Conference, 28 August - 4 September 2016, Thessaloniki, Greece
Error convergence and engineering-guided hyperparameter search of PINNs: towards optimized I-FENN performance
Creators: name: Pantidis, Panos
name: Eldababy, Habiba
name: Tagle, Christopher Miguel
name: Mobasher, Mostafa E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In our recently proposed Integrated Finite Element Neural Network (I-FENN) framework (Pantidis and Mobasher, 2023) we showcased how PINNs can be deployed on a finite element-level basis to swiftly approximate a state variable of interest, and we applied it in the context of non-local gradient-enhanced damage mechanics. In this paper, we enhance the rigour and performance of I-FENN by focusing on two crucial aspects of its PINN component: a) the error convergence analysis and b) the hyperparameter-performance relationship. Guided by the available theoretical formulations in the field, we introduce a systematic numerical approach based on a novel set of holistic performance metrics to answer both objectives. In the first objective, we explore in detail the convergence of the PINN training error and the global error against the network size and the training sample size. We demonstrate a consistent converging behavior of the two error types for any investigated combination of network complexity, dataset size and choice of hyperparameters, which empirically proves the conformance of the PINN setup and implementation to the available convergence theories. In the second objective, we establish an a-priori knowledge of the hyperparameters which favor higher predictive accuracy, lower computational effort, and the least chances of arriving at trivial solutions. The analysis leads to several outcomes that contribute to the better performance of I-FENN, and fills a long-standing gap in the PINN literature with regards to the numerical convergence of the network errors while accounting for commonly used optimizers (Adam and L-BFGS). The proposed analysis method can be directly extended to other ML applications in science and engineering. The code and data utilized in the analysis are posted publicly to aid the reproduction and extension of this research.
TESS Experiments: Are Religions Gender-Typed? The Perceived Femininity and Masculinity of Christians, Jews, Muslims, and Atheists
Creators: name: Schnabel, Landon
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Time-sharing Experiments for the Social Sciences (TESS) offers researchers the opportunity to capture the internal validity of experiments. Investigators submit proposals, and TESS fields successful proposals for free on a representative sample of adults in the United States. This experiment was conducted as part of a four-experiment study to examine whether religions and practitioners of various religions are viewed as gender-typed. A total of 2,789 respondents participated. Experiment 1 randomly assigned respondents to one of eight vignettes describing a religious person who was either female (Sarah) or male (Adam) and either Christian, Muslim, Jewish, or Atheist. Experiment 2 randomly assigned respondents to one of eight other vignettes which varied by gender (male/Jacob or female/Hannah), strength of opinions (dogmatic or not dogmatic) and religiosity (religious or not religious). In both experiment 1 and 2 respondents were asked to assess which gender-typed traits best describe the person in the vignette. Experiment 3 respondents were randomly assigned to one of six conditions in which they were asked to evaluate the gender characteristics of belief systems (Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Atheism, religion, or spirituality). Experiment 4 respondents evaluated their own gender-typed characteristics and identity and then were randomly assigned to either have their gender identity threatened or affirmed with a masculinity/femininity score that they were told was calculated based on their responses to the preceding questions. Following treatment, experiment 4 respondents answered questions about their religious and political identities. This allowed for comparison of religious and political gender perceptions across respondent demographics.
Electronic origin of ferroic quadrupole moment under antiferroic quadrupole orders and finite magnetic moment in $J_{\rm eff}=3/2$ systems
Creators: name: Kubo, Haruhiro
name: Ishitobi, Takayuki
name: Hattori, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic origin of parasitic ferroic quadrupole moments in antiferroic quadrupole orders by extending a model studied in G. Chen et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 174440 (2010) with the effective angular momentum $J_{\rm eff}=3/2$ quartet ground states. Taking into account the first crystalline-electric-field (CEF) excited doublet, cubic anisotropy in the quadrupole moments emerges, which leads to the induced ferroic quadrupole moments in the antiferro quadrupolar phases. The hybridization with the CEF excited quartet states also causes finite magnetic moments compatible to the observed size of the effective moment in typical $J_{\rm eff}=3/2$ systems, as opposed to the naive expectation of vanishing moments in the $J_{\rm eff}=3/2$ systems. These results suggest the importance of the corrections arising from the high-energy CEF excited states in the $J_{\rm eff}=3/2$ systems.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Precision Studies of Observables in pp->W->l nu and pp->gamma,Z->l+l- processes at the LHC
Creators: name: Alioli, S.
name: Arbuzov, A. B.
name: Bardin, D. Yu.
name: Barze, L.
name: Bernaciak, C.
name: Bondarenko, S. G.
name: Calame, C. Carloni
name: Chiesa, M.
name: Dittmaier, S.
name: Ferrera, G.
name: de Florian, D.
name: Grazzini, M.
name: Hoeche, S.
name: Huss, A.
name: Jadach, S.
name: Kalinovskaya, L. V.
name: Karlberg, A.
name: Krauss, F.
name: Li, Y.
name: Martinez, H.
name: Montagna, G.
name: Mueck, A.
name: Nason, P.
name: Nicrosini, O.
name: Petriello, F.
name: Piccinini, F.
name: Placzek, W.
name: Prestel, S.
name: Re, E.
name: Sapronov, A. A.
name: Schoenherr, M.
name: Schwinn, C.
name: Vicini, A.
name: Wackeroth, D.
name: Was, Z.
name: Zanderighi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This report was prepared in the context of the LPCC "Electroweak Precision Measurements at the LHC WG" and summarizes the activity of a subgroup dedicated to the systematic comparison of public Monte Carlo codes, which describe the Drell-Yan processes at hadron colliders, in particular at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This work represents an important step towards the definition of an accurate simulation framework necessary for very high-precision measurements of electroweak (EW) observables such as the $W$ boson mass and the weak mixing angle. All the codes considered in this report share at least next-to-leading-order (NLO) accuracy in the prediction of the total cross sections in an expansion either in the strong or in the EW coupling constant. The NLO fixed-order predictions have been scrutinized at the technical level, using exactly the same inputs, setup and perturbative accuracy, in order to quantify the level of agreement of different implementations of the same calculation. A dedicated comparison, again at the technical level, of three codes that reach next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) accuracy in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) for the total cross section has also been performed. These fixed-order results are a well-defined reference that allows a classification of the impact of higher-order sets of radiative corrections. Several examples of higher-order effects due to the strong or the EW interaction are discussed in this common framework. Also the combination of QCD and EW corrections is discussed, together with the ambiguities that affect the final result, due to the choice of a specific combination recipe.
description: 92 pages, report of the working group on precision calculations for Drell-Yan processes
A sub-arcsec localised fast radio burst with a significant host galaxy dispersion measure contribution
Creators: name: Caleb, M.
name: Driessen, L. N.
name: Gordon, A. C.
name: Tejos, N.
name: Bernales, L.
name: Qiu, H.
name: Chibueze, J. O.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Rajwade, K. M.
name: Cavallaro, F.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Kumar, P.
name: Majid, W. A.
name: Wharton, R. S.
name: Naudet, C. J.
name: Bezuidenhout, M. C.
name: Jankowski, F.
name: Malenta, M.
name: Morello, V.
name: Sanidas, S.
name: Surnis, M. P.
name: Barr, E. D.
name: Chen, W.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Fong, W.
name: Kilpatrick, C. D.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Simha, S.
name: Venter, C.
name: Heywood, I.
name: Kundu, A.
name: Schussler, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of FRB 20210410D, with the MeerKAT radio interferometer in South Africa, as part of the MeerTRAP commensal project. FRB 20210410D has a dispersion measure DM = 578.78 +/- 2 pc cm-3, and was localised to sub-arcsec precision in the 2s images made from the correlation data products. The localisation enabled the association of the FRB with an optical galaxy at z = 0.1415, which when combined with the DM places it above the 3sigma scatter of the Macquart relation. We attribute the excess DM to the host galaxy after accounting for contributions from the Milky Way's interstellar medium and halo, and the combined effects of the intergalactic medium and intervening galaxies. This is the first FRB that is not associated with a dwarf galaxy, to exhibit a likely large host galaxy DM contribution. We do not detect any continuum radio emission at the FRB position or from the host galaxy down to a 3sigma RMS of 14.4 uJy/beam. The FRB has a scattering delay of 29.4 ms at 1 GHz, and exhibits candidate subpulses in the spectrum, which hint at the possibility of it being a repeating FRB. Although not constraining, we note that this FRB has not been seen to repeat in 7.28h at 1.3 GHz with MeerKAT, 3h at 2.4 GHz with Murriyang and 5.7h at simultaneous 2.3 GHz and 8.4 GHz observations with the Deep Space Network. We encourage further follow-up to establish a possible repeating nature.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 14 pages, 10 figures
Breaking the temporal resolution limit by superoscillating optical beats
Creators: name: Eliezer, Yaniv
name: Hareli, Liran
name: Lobachinsky, Lilya
name: Froim, Sahar
name: Bahabad, Alon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Band-limited functions can oscillate locally at an arbitrarily fast rate through an interference phenomenon known as superoscillations. Using an optical pulse with a superoscillatory envelope we experimentally break the temporal Fourier-transform limit having a temporal feature which is approximately three times shorter than the duration of a transform-limited Gaussian pulse having a comparable bandwidth while maintaining $29.5\%$ visibility. Numerical simulations demonstrate the ability of such signals to achieve temporal super-resolution.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, supplementary sections included
Holographic torus correlators of stress tensor in $AdS_3/CFT_2$
Creators: name: He, Song
name: Li, Yi
name: Li, Yun-Ze
name: Zhang, Yunda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of $\rm AdS_3/CFT_2$, we investigate holographic correlators of the stress tensor of a conformal field theory (CFT) on a torus in this work. To calculate the correlators of the stress tensor, we employ the Einstein-Hilbert theory of gravity and perturbatively solve Einstein's equation in the bulk. We offer an explicit prescription to develop a recurrence relation that makes it simple to compute higher point correlators. The correlators and the recurrence relation are found to be consistent with what is known in CFTs. Following the spirit of the proposed cutoff $\rm AdS$/$T\bar{T}$ CFT holography, we then expand our computation program to investigate holographic torus correlators at a finite cutoff in the $\rm AdS_3$. A parallel recurrence relation associated with higher point correlators can be obtained.
description: 12 pages
Effect of temporal resolution on the reproduction of chaotic dynamics via reservoir computing
Creators: name: Tsuchiyama, Kohei
name: Röhm, André
name: Mihana, Takatomo
name: Horisaki, Ryoichi
name: Naruse, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reservoir computing is a machine learning paradigm that uses a structure called a reservoir, which has nonlinearities and short-term memory. In recent years, reservoir computing has expanded to new functions such as the autonomous generation of chaotic time series, as well as time series prediction and classification. Furthermore, novel possibilities have been demonstrated, such as inferring the existence of previously unseen attractors. Sampling, in contrast, has a strong influence on such functions. Sampling is indispensable in a physical reservoir computer that uses an existing physical system as a reservoir because the use of an external digital system for the data input is usually inevitable. This study analyzes the effect of sampling on the ability of reservoir computing to autonomously regenerate chaotic time series. We found, as expected, that excessively coarse sampling degrades the system performance, but also that excessively dense sampling is unsuitable. Based on quantitative indicators that capture the local and global characteristics of attractors, we identify a suitable window of the sampling frequency and discuss its underlying mechanisms.
Efficient Quantum Secret Sharing Scheme Based On Monotone Span Program
Creators: name: Luo, Shuangshuang
name: Li, Zhihui
name: Meng, Depeng
name: Guo, Jiansheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: How to efficiently share secrets among multiple participants is a very important problem in key management. In this paper, we propose a multi-secret sharing scheme based on the GHZ state. First, the distributor uses monotone span program to encode the secrets and generate the corresponding secret shares to send to the participants. Then, each participant uses the generalized Pauli operator to embed its own secret share into the transmitted particle. The participant who wants to get the secrets can get multiple secrets at the same time by performing a GHZ-state joint measurement. Futhermore, the scheme is based on a monotone span program, and its access structure is more general than the access structure (t,n) threshold. Compared with other schemes, our proposed scheme is more efficient, less computational cost.
Harnessing quantumness of states using discrete Wigner functions under (non)-Markovian quantum channels
Creators: name: Lalita, Jai
name: Paulson, K. G.
name: Banerjee, Subhashish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The negativity of the discrete Wigner functions (DWFs) is a measure of non-classicality and is often used to quantify the degree of quantum coherence in a system. The study of Wigner negativity and its evolution under different quantum channels can provide insight into the stability and robustness of quantum states under their interaction with the environment, which is essential for developing practical quantum computing systems. We investigate the variation of DWF negativity of qubit, qutrit, and two-qubit systems under the action of (non)-Markovian random telegraph noise (RTN) and amplitude damping (AD) quantum channels. We construct different negative quantum states which can be used as a resource for quantum computation and quantum teleportation. The success of quantum computation and teleportation is estimated for these states under (non)-Markovian evolutions.
description: 16 pages, 20 figures
Ising analogues of quantum spin chains with multispin interactions
Creators: name: Alcaraz, Francisco C.
name: Pimenta, Rodrigo A.
name: Sirker, Jesko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new family of free fermionic quantum spin chains with multispin interactions was recently introduced. Here we show that it is possible to build standard quantum Ising chains -- but with inhomogeneous couplings -- which have the same spectra as the novel spin chains with multispin interactions. The Ising models are obtained by associating an antisymmetric tridiagonal matrix to the polynomials that characterize the quasienergies of the system via a modified Euclidean algorithm. For the simplest non-trivial case, corresponding to the Fendley model, the phase diagram of the inhomogeneous Ising model is investigated numerically. It is characterized by gapped phases separated by critical lines with order-disorder transitions depending on the parity of the total number of energy density operators in the Hamiltonian.
description: 16 pages, 17 figures. v2: improved figures quality, published version
EFFECT OF ONLINE BANKING ON THE FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF LISTED NIGERIAN BANKS IN NIGERIA
Creators: name: Ahmed, Abubakar Zik-Rullahi, Ph.D
name: Adeoye, Yinka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Online banking, financial growth, DMBs, WEB, NEFT, MMO & PATG

description: This study examines the effect of online banking on the financial performance of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. The analysis focuses on three aspects of online banking: Online Web Transactions (WEB), National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT), and Mobile Money Operator (MMO). The study utilizes regression analysis to investigate the effect of online banking components on Profit after-tax growth (PATG) for DMBs. The findings indicate that Online Web Transactions (WEB) have a negative and statistically significant impact on PATG. This suggests that an increase in online web transactions is associated with a decrease in financial growth for DMBs in Nigeria. In contrast, National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) demonstrates a positive and statistically significant influence on PATG, indicating that an increase in NEFT is associated with an increase in financial growth. On the other hand, Mobile Money Operator (MMO) shows a negative and statistically significant effect on PATG, implying that an increase in MMO usage is associated with a decrease in financial growth. These findings highlight the complex relationship between online banking and financial growth in the Nigerian banking industry. The study provides valuable insights for banks, policymakers, and stakeholders to make informed decisions and develop strategies that maximize the benefits of online banking while mitigating potential challenges. The recommendations include enhancing online web transactions, leveraging NEFT services and addressing challenges posed by MMOs. By implementing these recommendations, DMBs can navigate the digital banking landscape, optimize their online banking services, and achieve sustainable financial growth in Nigeria
Synthetic Population of Binary Cepheids. II. The effect of companion light on the extragalactic distance scale
Creators: name: Karczmarek, Paulina
name: Hajdu, Gergely
name: Pietrzyński, Grzegorz
name: Gieren, Wolfgang
name: Narloch, Weronika
name: Smolec, Radosław
name: Wiktorowicz, Grzegorz
name: Belczynski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of their period-luminosity relation (PLR), classical Cepheids play a key role in the calibration of the extragalactic distance scale and the determination of the Hubble-Lemaître constant $H_0$. Recent findings show that the majority of classical Cepheids should be in binary or multiple systems, which might undermine their accuracy, as the extra -- and unaccounted for -- light from the companions of Cepheids causes a shift in the PLR. We quantify this shift using synthetic populations of binary Cepheids that we developed for this purpose, as described in Paper I of this series. We find that while all PLRs are shifted toward brighter values due to the excess light from the companions, the bias in the relative distance modulus between two galaxies hosting binary Cepheids can be either positive or negative, depending on the percentage of binary Cepheids in them. If the binarity percentage in the two galaxies is similar, the effect of binarity is canceled. Otherwise, it introduces a shift in the distance modulus of the order of millimags in the near-infrared passbands and Wesenheit indices, and tens of millimags in the visual domain; its exact value depends on the variant of the synthetic population (a unique combination of metallicity, star formation history, shape and location of the instability strip, and initial parameter distributions). Such shifts in distance moduli to type Ia supernova host galaxies introduce an additional statistical error on $H_0$, which however does not prevent measuring $H_0$ with a precision of 1%.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The Kardar-Parisi-Zhang equation as scaling limit of weakly asymmetric interacting Brownian motions
Creators: name: Diehl, Joscha
name: Gubinelli, Massimiliano
name: Perkowski, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a system of infinitely many interacting Brownian motions that models the height of a one-dimensional interface between two bulk phases. We prove that the large scale fluctuations of the system are well approximated by the solution to the KPZ equation provided the microscopic interaction is weakly asymmetric. The proof is based on the martingale solutions of Goncalves and Jara and the corresponding uniqueness result of Gubinelli and Perkowski.
The inverse Mellin transform via analytic continuation
Creators: name: Behring, A.
name: Blümlein, J.
name: Schönwald, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method to calculate the $x$--space expressions of massless or massive operator matrix elements in QCD and QED containing local composite operator insertions, depending on the discrete Mellin index $N$, directly, without computing the Mellin--space expressions in explicit form analytically. Here $N$ belongs either to the even or odd positive integers. The method is based on the resummation of the operators into effective propagators and relies on an analytic continuation between two continuous variables. We apply it to iterated integrals as well as to the more general case of iterated non--iterative integrals, generalizing the former ones. The $x$--space expressions are needed to derive the small--$x$ behaviour of the respective quantities, which usually cannot be accessed in $N$--space. We illustrate the method for different (iterated) alphabets, including non--iterative $_2F_1$ and elliptic structures, as examples. These structures occur in different massless and massive three--loop calculations. Likewise the method applies even to the analytic closed form solutions of more general cases of differential equations which do not factorize into first--order factors.
description: 43 pages Latex
Lexical Based Semantic Orientation of Online Customer Reviews and Blogs
Creators: name: khan, Aurangzeb
name: khan, Khairullah
name: Ahmad, Shakeel
name: Kundi, Fazal Masood
name: Tareen, Irum
name: Asghar, Muhammad Zubair
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rapid increase in internet users along with growing power of online review sites and social media has given birth to sentiment analysis or opinion mining, which aims at determining what other people think and comment. Sentiments or Opinions contain public generated content about products, services, policies and politics. People are usually interested to seek positive and negative opinions containing likes and dislikes, shared by users for features of particular product or service. This paper proposed sentence-level lexical based domain independent sentiment classification method for different types of data such as reviews and blogs. The proposed method is based on general lexicons i.e. WordNet, SentiWordNet and user defined lexical dictionaries for semantic orientation. The relations and glosses of these dictionaries provide solution to the domain portability problem. The method performs better than word and text level corpus based machine learning methods for semantic orientation. The results show the proposed method performs better as it shows precision of 87% and83% at document and sentence levels respectively for online comments.
Small Black Hole Explosions
Creators: name: Angius, Roberta
name: Huertas, Jesus
name: Uranga, Angel M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small black holes are a powerful tool to explore infinite distances in moduli spaces. However, we show that in 4d theories with a scalar potential growing fast enough at infinity, it is energetically too costly for scalars to diverge at the core, and the small black hole puffs up into a regular black hole, or follows a runaway behaviour. We derive a critical exponent characterizing the occurrence or not of such small black hole explosions, both from a 4d perspective, and in the 2d theory after an $\bf{S}^2$ truncation. The latter setup allows a unified discussion of fluxes, domain walls and black holes, solving an apparent puzzle in the expression of their potentials in the 4d $\cal{N}=2$ gauged supergravity context. We discuss the realization of these ideas in 4d $\cal{N}=2$ gauged supergravities. Along the way we show that many regular black hole supergravity solutions in the literature in the latter context are incomplete, due to Freed-Witten anomalies (or duals thereof), and require the emission of strings by the black hole. From the 2d perspective, small black hole solutions correspond to dynamical cobordisms, with the core describing an end of the world brane. Small black hole explosions represent obstructions to completing the dynamical cobordism. We study the implications for the Cobordism Distance Conjecture, which states that in any theory there should exist dynamical cobordisms accessing all possible infinite distance limits in scalar field space. The realization of this principle using small black holes leads to non-trivial constraints on the 4d scalar potential of any consistent theory; in the 4d $\cal{N}=2$ context, they allow to recover from a purely bottom-up perspective, several non-trivial properties of vector moduli spaces near infinity familiar from CY$_3$ compactifications.
description: 40 pages + appendices
Stochastic gravitational wave background reconstruction for a non-equilateral and unequal-noise LISA constellation
Creators: name: Hartwig, Olaf
name: Lilley, Marc
name: Muratore, Martina
name: Pieroni, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the impact of choosing different sets of Time-Delay Interferometry (TDI) variables for detecting and reconstructing Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) signals and estimating the instrumental noise in LISA. Most works in the literature build their data analysis pipelines relying on a particular set of TDI channels, the so-called AET variables, which are orthogonal under idealized conditions. By relaxing the assumption of a perfectly equilateral LISA configuration, we investigate to which degree these channels remain orthogonal and compare them to other TDI channels. We show that different sets of TDI variables are more robust under perturbations of the perfect equilateral configuration, better preserving their orthogonality and, thus, leading to a more accurate estimate of the instrumental noise. Moreover, we investigate the impact of considering the noise levels associated with each instrumental noise source to be independent of one another, generalizing the analysis from two to twelve noise parameters. We find that, in this scenario, the assumption of orthogonality is broken for all the TDI variables, leading to a misestimation of measurement error for some of the noise parameters. Remarkably, we find that for a flat power-law signal, the reconstruction of the signal parameters is nearly unaffected in these various configurations.
description: 31 pages, 13 figures, and supplementary material
Repartitioned Brillouin-Wigner Perturbation Theory with a Size-Consistent Second-Order Correlation Energy
Creators: name: Carter-Fenk, Kevin
name: Head-Gordon, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) often breaks down catastrophically in small-gap systems, leaving much to be desired in its performance for myriad chemical applications such as noncovalent interactions, thermochemistry, and dative bonding in transition metal complexes. This divergence problem has reignited interest in Brillouin-Wigner perturbation theory (BWPT), which is regular at all orders but lacks size-consistency and extensivity, severely limiting its application to chemistry. In this work, we propose an alternative partitioning of the Hamiltonian that leads to a regular BWPT perturbation series that, through second order, is size-extensive, size-consistent (provided its Hartree-Fock reference is also), and orbital invariant. Our second-order size-consistent Brillouin-Wigner (BW-s2) approach is capable of describing the exact dissociation limit of H$_2$ in a minimal basis set regardless of the spin-polarization of the reference orbitals. More broadly, we find that BW-s2 offers improvements relative to MP2 for covalent bond breaking, noncovalent interaction energies, and metal/organic reaction energies, while rivaling coupled-cluster with single and double substitutions (CCSD) for thermochemical properties.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
An analysis of New South Wales electronic vote counting
Creators: name: Conway, Andrew
name: Blom, Michelle
name: Naish, Lee
name: Teague, Vanessa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We re-examine the 2012 local government elections in New South Wales, Australia. The count was conducted electronically using a randomised form of the Single Transferable Vote (STV). It was already well known that randomness does make a difference to outcomes in some seats. We describe how the process could be amended to include a demonstration that the randomness was chosen fairly. Second, and more significantly, we found an error in the official counting software, which caused a mistake in the count in the council of Griffith, where candidate Rina Mercuri narrowly missed out on a seat. We believe the software error incorrectly decreased Mercuri's winning probability to about 10%---according to our count she should have won with 91% probability. The NSW Electoral Commission (NSWEC) corrected their code when we pointed out the error, and made their own announcement. We have since investigated the 2016 local government election (held after correcting the error above) and found two new errors. We notified the NSWEC about these errors a few days after they posted the results.
Plasma Instability and Amplified Mode Switching Effect in THz Field Effect Transistors with Grating Gate
Creators: name: Aizin, G. R.
name: Mikalopas, J.
name: Shur, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed a theory of collective plasma oscillations in a dc current-biased field effect transistor with interdigitated dual grating gate and demonstrated a new mechanism of electron plasma instability in this structure. The instability in the plasmonic crystal formed in the transistor channel develops due to conversion of the kinetic energy carried by the drifting plasmons into electromagnetic energy. The conversion happens at the opposite sides of the gate fingers due to the asymmetry produced by the current flow and occurs through the gate finger fringing capacitances. The key feature of the proposed instability mechanism is the behavior of the plasma frequency peak and its width as functions of the dc current bias. At a certain critical value of the current, the plasma resonant peak with small instability increment experiencing redshift with increasing current changes to the blue shifting peak with large instability increment. This amplified mode switching (AMS) effect has been recently observed in graphene-interdigitated structures (S. Boubanga-Tombet et al., Phys. Rev. X 10, 031004 (2020)). The obtained theoretical results are in very good qualitative agreement with these experiments and can be used in future designs of the compact sources of THz EM radiation.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Early Dark Energy in Type IIB String Theory
Creators: name: Cicoli, Michele
name: Licheri, Matteo
name: Mahanta, Ratul
name: McDonough, Evan
name: Pedro, Francisco G.
name: Scalisi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Early Dark Energy (EDE) is a promising model to resolve the Hubble Tension, that, informed by Cosmic Microwave Background data, features a generalization of the potential energy usually associated with axion-like particles. We develop realizations of EDE in type IIB string theory with the EDE field identified as either a $C_4$ or $C_2$ axion and with full closed string moduli stabilization within the framework of either KKLT or the Large Volume Scenario. We explain how to achieve a natural hierarchy between the EDE energy scale and that of the other fields within a controlled effective field theory. We argue that the data-driven EDE energy scale and decay constant can be achieved without any tuning of the microscopic parameters for EDE fields that violate the weak gravity conjecture, while for states that respect the conjecture it is necessary to introduce a fine-tuning. This singles out as the most promising EDE candidates, amongst several working models, the $C_2$ axions in LVS with 3 non-perturbative corrections to the superpotential generated by gaugino condensation on D7-branes with non-zero world-volume fluxes.
description: 49 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables
Development of low-threshold detectors for low-mass dark matter searches with a p-type germanium detector operated at cryogenic temperature
Creators: name: Raut, Mathbar
name: Mei, Dongming
name: Bhattarai, Sanjay
name: Panth, Rajendra
name: Kooi, Kyler
name: Mei, Hao
name: Wang, Guojian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study investigates new technology for enhancing the sensitivity of low-mass dark matter detection by analyzing charge transport in a p-type germanium detector at 5.2 K. To achieve low-threshold detectors, precise calculations of the binding energies of dipole and cluster dipole states, as well as the cross-sections of trapping affected by the electric field, are essential. The detector was operated in two modes: depleted at 77 K before cooling to 5.2 K and cooled directly to 5.2 K with various bias voltages. Our results indicate that the second mode produces lower binding energies and suggests different charge states under varying operating modes. Notably, our measurements of the dipole and cluster dipole state binding energies at zero fields were $8.716\pm 0.435$ meV and $6.138\pm 0.308$ meV, respectively. These findings have strong implications for the development of low-threshold detectors for detecting low-mass dark matter in the future.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2302.08414
Parameters of 220 million stars from Gaia BP/RP spectra
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiangyu
name: Green, Gregory M.
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop, validate and apply a forward model to estimate stellar atmospheric parameters ($T_{\rm eff}$, $\log{g}$ and $\mathrm{[Fe/H]}$), revised distances and extinctions for 220 million stars with XP spectra from $\textit{Gaia}$ DR3. Instead of using $\textit{ab initio}$ stellar models, we develop a data-driven model of $\textit{Gaia}$ XP spectra as a function of the stellar parameters, with a few straightforward built-in physical assumptions. We train our model on stellar atmospheric parameters from the LAMOST survey, which provides broad coverage of different spectral types. We model the $\textit{Gaia}$ XP spectra with all of their covariances, augmented by 2MASS and WISE photometry that greatly reduces degeneracies between stellar parameters, yielding more precise determinations of temperature and dust reddening. Taken together, our approach overcomes a number of important limitations that the astrophysical parameters released in $\textit{Gaia}$ DR3 faced, and exploits the full information content of the data. We provide the resulting catalog of stellar atmospheric parameters, revised parallaxes and extinction estimates, with all their uncertainties. The modeling procedure also produces an estimate of the optical extinction curve at the spectral resolution of the XP spectra ($R \sim 20-100$), which agrees reasonably well with the ${R(V) = 3.1}$ CCM model. Remaining limitations that will be addressed in future work are that the model assumes a universal extinction law, ignores binary stars and does not cover all parts of the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram ($\textit{e.g.}$, white dwarfs).
description: 27 pages, 22 figures, submitted to MNRAS, Data available at DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7692680, v2.0: bugs in byline corrected
Impact of iso-structural template layer on stabilizing pyrochlore Bi$_2$Rh$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Ohno, M.
name: Fujita, T. C.
name: Kawasaki, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an epitaxial stabilization of pyrochlore Bi$_2$Rh$_2$O$_7$ on Y-stabilized ZrO$_2$ (YSZ) (111) substrate by inserting a pyrochlore Eu$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ template layer, otherwise Bi-based layered structures being formed directly on YSZ (111) substrate. This result reveals that "iso-structural crystal phase" plays an important role in the interfacial phase control. The Bi$_2$Rh$_2$O$_7$ film exhibits $p$-type electrical conduction with the lowest longitudinal resistivity ($ρ_\mathrm{xx}$) among the reported Rh pyrochlore oxides. Such parameters as $ρ_\mathrm{xx}$, carrier density, and mobility show almost no temperature dependence in the measured range of 2$-$300 K, indicating Bi$_2$Rh$_2$O$_7$ as one of the rare examples of conducting pyrochlore oxides.
Measuring evolution of a photon in an interferometer with spectrally-resolved modes
Creators: name: Bula, Marek
name: Bartkiewicz, Karol
name: Černoch, Antonín
name: Javůrek, Dalibor
name: Lemr, Karel
name: Michálek, Václav
name: Soubusta, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the year 2013, Danan et al. published a paper [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 240402 (2013)] demonstrating a counterintuitive behavior of photons in nested Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The authors then proposed an explanation based on the two-state vector formalism. This experiment and the authors' explanation raised a vivid debate within the scientific community. In this paper, we contribute to the ongoing debate by presenting an alternative experimental implementation of the Danan et al. scheme. We show that no counterintuitive behavior is observed when performing direct spectrally-resolved detection.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Optical design of a multi-resolution, single shot spectrograph
Creators: name: Henault, Francois
name: Laurent, Florence
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-object or integral field spectrographs are recognized techniques for achieving simultaneous spectroscopic observations of different or extended sky objects with a high multiplex factor. In this communication is described a complementary approach for realizing similar measurements under different spectral resolutions at the same time. We describe the basic principle of this new type of spectrometer, that is based on the utilization of an optical pupil slicer. An optical design inspired from an already studied instrument is then presented and commented for the sake of illustration. Technical issues about the pupil slicer and diffractive components are also discussed. We finally conclude on the potential advantages and drawbacks of the proposed system.
description: 13 pages
A Massive Dense Gas Cloud close to the Nucleus of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 1068
Creators: name: Furuya, Ray S.
name: Taniguchi, Yoshiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the ALMA archival data of both CO(6--5) line and 689 GHz continuum emission towards the archetypical Seyfert galaxy, NGC 1068, we identified a distinct continuum peak separated by 14 pc from the nuclear radio component S1 in projection. The continuum flux gives a gas mass of ~2x10^5 Msun and bolometric luminosity of ~10^8 Lsun, leading to a star formation rate of ~0.1 Msun/yr. Subsequent analysis on the line data suggest that the gas has a size of ~10 pc, yielding to mean H2 number density of ~10^5 cm^{-3}. We therefore refer to the gas as "massive dense gas cloud": the gas density is high enough to form a "proto starcluster" whose stellar mass of ~10^4 Msun. We found that the gas stands a unique position between galactic and extraglactic clouds in the diagrams of start formation rate (SFR) vs. gas mass proposed by Lada et al. and surface density of gas vs. SFR density by Krumholz and McKee. All the gaseous and star-formation properties may be understood in terms of the turbulence-regulated star formation scenario. Since there are two stellar populations with the ages of 300 Myr and 30 Myr in the 100 pc-scale circumnulear region, we discuss that NGC1068 has experienced at least three episodic star formation events with a tendency that the inner star-forming region is the younger. Together with several lines of evidence that the dynamics of the nuclear region is decoupled from that of the entire galactic disk, we discuss that the gas inflow towards the nuclear region of NGC 1068 may be driven by a past minor merger.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted by PASJ
Oscillations of Fluid Tori around Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Šrámková, Eva
name: Matuszková, Monika
name: Klimovičová, Kateřina
name: Horák, Jiři
name: Straub, Odele
name: Urbancová, Gabriela
name: Urbanec, Martin
name: Karas, Vladimír
name: Török, Gabriel
name: Lančová, Debora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the influence of quadrupole moment of a slowly rotating neutron star (NS) on the oscillations of a fluid accretion disk (torus) orbiting a compact object the spacetime around which is described by the Hartle-Thorne geometry. Explicit formulae for non-geodesic orbital epicyclic and precession frequencies, as well as their simplified practical versions that allow for an expeditious application of the universal relations determining the NS properties, are obtained and examined. We demonstrate that the difference in the accretion disk precession frequencies for NSs of the same mass and angular momentum, but different oblateness, can reach up to tens of percent. Even higher differences can arise when NSs with the same mass and rotational frequency, but different equations of state (EoS), are considered. In particular, the Lense-Thirring precession frequency defined in the innermost parts of the accretion region can differ by more than one order of magnitude across NSs with different EoS. Our results have clear implications for models of the LMXBs variability.
description: Proceeding of IWARA 2022 (Astronomische Nachrichten), 4 pages, 2 figures