cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coexistence of effects from an algebra of two projections
Creators: name: Heinosaari, Teiko
name: Kiukas, Jukka
name: Reitzner, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coexistence relation of quantum effects is a fundamental structure, describing those pairs of experimental events that can be implemented in a single setup. Only in the simplest case of qubit effects an analytic characterization of coexistent pairs is known. We generalize the qubit coexistence characterization to all pairs of effects in arbitrary dimension that belong to the von Neumann algebra generated by two projections. We demonstrate the presented mathematical machinery by several examples, and show that it covers physically relevant classes of effect pairs.
Improved Antifouling Properties of Polyamide Nanofiltration Membranes by Reducing the Density of Surface Carboxyl Groups
Creators: name: Mo, Yinghui
name: Tiraferri, Alberto
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Adout, Atar
name: Huang, Xia
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Composite materials--Technological innovations
subject: Nanofiltration
subject: Fouling
subject: Membranes (Technology)
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Carboxyls are inherent functional groups of thin-film composite polyamide nanofiltration (NF) membranes, which may play a role in membrane performance and fouling. Their surface presence is attributed to incomplete reaction of acyl chloride monomers during the membrane active layer synthesis by interfacial polymerization. In order to unravel the effect of carboxyl group density on organic fouling, NF membranes were fabricated by reacting piperazine (PIP) with either isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) or the more commonly used trimesoyl chloride (TMC). Fouling experiments were conducted with alginate as a model hydrophilic organic foulant in a solution, simulating the composition of municipal secondary effluent. Improved antifouling properties were observed for the IPC membrane, which exhibited lower flux decline (40%) and significantly greater fouling reversibility or cleaning efficiency (74%) than the TMC membrane (51% flux decline and 40% cleaning efficiency). Surface characterization revealed that there was a substantial difference in the density of surface carboxyl groups between the IPC and TMC membranes, while other surface properties were comparable. The role of carboxyl groups was elucidated by measurements of foulant-surface intermolecular forces by atomic force microscopy, which showed lower adhesion forces and rupture distances for the IPC membrane compared to TMC membranes in the presence of calcium ions in solution. Our results demonstrated that a decrease in surface carboxyl group density of polyamide membranes fabricated with IPC monomers can prevent calcium bridging with alginate and, thus, improve membrane antifouling properties.
Soft x-ray photoemission study of new BiS$_{2}$-layered superconductor LaO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$BiS$_{2}$
Creators: name: Nagira, Shinsuke
name: Sonoyama, Junki
name: Wakita, Takanori
name: Sunagawa, Masanori
name: Izumi, Yudai
name: Muro, Takayuki
name: Kumigashira, Hiroshi
name: Oshima, Masaharu
name: Deguchi, Keita
name: Okazaki, Hiroyuki
name: Takano, Yoshihiko
name: Miura, Osuke
name: Mizuguchi, Yoshikazu
name: Suzuki, Katsuhiro
name: Usui, Hidetomo
name: Kuroki, Kazuhiko
name: Okada, Kozo
name: Muraoka, Yuji
name: Yokoya, Takayoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use core level and valence band soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPES) to investigate electronic structure of new BiS$_{2}$ layered superconductor LaO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$BiS$_{2}$. Core level spectra of doped samples show a new spectral feature at the lower binding energy side of the Bi 4${f}$ main peak, which may be explained by core-hole screening with metallic states near the Fermi level ($E_{\rm F}$). Experimental electronic structure and its ${x}$ dependence (higher binding energy shift of the valence band as well as appearance of new states near $E_{\rm F}$ having dominant Bi 6${p}$ character) were found to be consistent with the predictions of band structure calculations in general. Noticeable deviation of the spectral shape of the states near $E_{\rm F}$ from that of calculations might give insight into the interesting physical properties. These results provide first experimental electronic structure of the new BiS$_{2}$ layered superconductors.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Non-commutative Dp-Brane in General Background Fields
Creators: name: Zoghi, Maryam
name: Kamani, Davoud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate non-commutativity of open strings, attached to a D$p$-brane, in the presence of the linear dilaton, tachyon, U(1) gauge field as well as constant anti-symmetric $B$-field backgrounds. Non-commutativity parameter, open string metric and some special cases will be studied. Mode-dependent non-commutativity, inspired by the tachyon field, will be discussed in detail.
description: 11 pages, Latex, no figure, to appear in Vol. 43 of the Braz. J. Phys
title: Ordnung für die Durchführung der Studienplatzvergabe in zulassungsbeschränkten Studiengängen der Universität Paderborn
title: vom 03. Dezember 2020
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Universität Paderborn
Publisher: name: UB-PAD - Paderborn University Library
Year: 2020

description: Amtliche Mitteilungen / Universität Paderborn
Quantum-secured single-pixel imaging with enhanced security
Creators: name: Heo, Jaesung
name: Kim, Junghyun
name: Jeong, Taek
name: Ihn, Yong Sup
name: Kim, Duk Y.
name: Kim, Zaeill
name: Jo, Yonggi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a novel quantum-secured single-pixel imaging method that utilizes non-classical correlations of a photon pair. Our method can detect any attempts to deceive it by exploiting a non-classical correlation of photon pairs while rejecting strong chaotic light illumination through photon heralding. A security analysis based on polarization-correlation has been conducted, demonstrating that our method has improved security compared to existing quantum-secured imaging. More specifically, a partial deceiving attack, which sends a mixture of a true and a false signal, can be detected with our proposed analysis, while currently employed methods cannot. We also provide proof-of-principle demonstrations of our method and trustworthy images reconstructed using our security analysis. Our method can be developed using matured techniques used in quantum secure communication, thus offering a promising direction for practical applications in secure imaging.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
New limits on heavy sterile neutrino mixing in ${^{8}\rm{B}}$-decay obtained with the Borexino detector
Creators: name: Borexino Collaboration
name: Bellini, G.
name: Benziger, J.
name: Bick, D.
name: Bonfini, G.
name: Bravo, D.
name: Avanzini, M. Buizza
name: Caccianiga, B.
name: Cadonati, L.
name: Calaprice, F.
name: Cavalcante, P.
name: Chavarria, A.
name: Chepurnov, A.
name: DAngelo, D.
name: Davini, S.
name: Derbin, A.
name: Drachnev, I.
name: Empl, A.
name: Etenko, A.
name: Fomenko, K.
name: Franco, D.
name: Galbiati, C.
name: Gazzana, S.
name: Ghiano, C.
name: Giammarchi, M.
name: Goger-Neff, M.
name: Goretti, A.
name: Grandi, L.
name: Hagner, C.
name: Hungerford, E.
name: Ianni, Aldo
name: Ianni, Andrea
name: Kobychev, V.
name: Korablev, D.
name: Korga, G.
name: Kryn, D.
name: Laubenstein, M.
name: Lewke, T.
name: Litvinovich, E.
name: Loer, B.
name: Lombardi, F.
name: Lombardi, P.
name: Ludhova, L.
name: Lukyanchenko, G.
name: Machulin, I.
name: Manecki, S.
name: Maneschg, W.
name: Manuzio, G.
name: Meindl, Q.
name: Meroni, E.
name: Miramonti, L.
name: Misiaszek, M.
name: Mosteiro, P.
name: Muratova, V.
name: Oberauer, L.
name: Obolensky, M.
name: Ortica, F.
name: Otis, K.
name: Pallavicini, M.
name: Papp, L.
name: Perasso, L.
name: Perasso, S.
name: Pocar, A.
name: Ranucci, G.
name: Razeto, A.
name: Re, A.
name: Romani, A.
name: Rossi, N.
name: Saldanha, R.
name: Salvo, C.
name: Schonert, S.
name: Simgen, H.
name: Skorokhvatov, M.
name: Smirnov, O.
name: Sotnikov, A.
name: Sukhotin, S.
name: Suvorov, Y.
name: Tartaglia, R.
name: Testera, G.
name: Vignaud, D.
name: Vogelaar, R. B.
name: von Feilitzsch, F.
name: Winter, J.
name: Wojcik, M.
name: Wright, A.
name: Wurm, M.
name: Xu, J.
name: Zaimidoroga, O.
name: Zavatarelli, S.
name: Zuzel, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If heavy neutrinos with mass $m_{ν_{H}}\geq$2$ m_e $ are produced in the Sun via the decay ${^8\rm{B}} \rightarrow {^8\rm{Be}} + e^+ + ν_H$ in a side branch of pp-chain, they would undergo the observable decay into an electron, a positron and a light neutrino $ν_{H}\rightarrowν_{L}+e^++e^-$. In the present work Borexino data are used to set a bound on the existence of such decays. We constrain the mixing of a heavy neutrino with mass 1.5 MeV $\leq m_{ν_{H}} \le$ 14 MeV to be $|U_{eH}|^2\leq (10^{-3}-4\times10^{-6})$ respectively. These are tighter limits on the mixing parameters than obtained in previous experiments at nuclear reactors and accelerators.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Kannabateomys Jentink 1891
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Kannabateomys

description: Kannabateomys Jentink, 1891. Notes Leyden Mus., 13: 109. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410029013000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 588, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
On the diffuseness of incomplete information game
Creators: name: He, Wei
name: Sun, Xiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the "relative diffuseness" assumption to characterize the differences between payoff-relevant and strategy-relevant diffuseness of information. Based on this assumption, the existence of pure strategy equilibria in games with incomplete information and general action spaces can be obtained. Moreover, we introduce a new notion of "undistinguishable purification" which strengthens the standard purification concept, and its existence follows from the relative diffuseness assumption.
description: 17 pages
Thin-Film Composite Pressure Retarded Osmosis Membranes for Sustainable Power Generation from Salinity Gradients
Creators: name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Tiraferri, Alberto
name: Phillip, William A.
name: Schiffman, Jessica D.
name: Hoover, Laura A.
name: Kim, Yu Chang
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Membranes (Technology)
subject: Electric power production
subject: Composite materials--Technological innovations
subject: Osmosis
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Pressure retarded osmosis has the potential to produce renewable energy from natural salinity gradients. This work presents the fabrication of thin-film composite membranes customized for high performance in pressure retarded osmosis. We also present the development of a theoretical model to predict the water flux in pressure retarded osmosis, from which we can predict the power density that can be achieved by a membrane. The model is the first to incorporate external concentration polarization, a performance limiting phenomenon that becomes significant for high-performance membranes. The fabricated membranes consist of a selective polyamide layer formed by interfacial polymerization on top of a polysulfone support layer made by phase separation. The highly porous support layer (structural parameter S = 349 μm), which minimizes internal concentration polarization, allows the transport properties of the active layer to be customized to enhance PRO performance. It is shown that a hand-cast membrane that balances permeability and selectivity (A = 5.81 L m–2 h–1 bar–1, B = 0.88 L m–2 h–1) is projected to achieve the highest potential peak power density of 10.0 W/m2 for a river water feed solution and seawater draw solution. The outstanding performance of this membrane is attributed to the high water permeability of the active layer, coupled with a moderate salt permeability and the ability of the support layer to suppress the undesirable accumulation of leaked salt in the porous support. Membranes with greater selectivity (i.e., lower salt permeability, B = 0.16 L m–2 h–1) suffered from a lower water permeability (A = 1.74 L m–2 h–1 bar–1) and would yield a lower peak power density of 6.1 W/m2, while membranes with a higher permeability and lower selectivity (A = 7.55 L m–2 h–1 bar–1, B = 5.45 L m–2 h–1) performed poorly due to severe reverse salt permeation, resulting in a similar projected peak power density of 6.1 W/m2.
Kannabateomys amblyonyx
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Kannabateomys
Kannabateomys amblyonyx

description: Kannabateomys amblyonyx (Wagner, 1845). Arch. Naturg., 1:146. TYPE LOCALITY: Brazil, Sao Paulo, Ipanema. DISTRIBUTION: E. Brazil; Paraguay; N. E. Argentina. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410029013001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 588, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Quæsita Physica De Objecto Quinque Sensuum; [1700]
Creators: name: Mayr, Johann
name: Lother, Johann Georg
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2014

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Ingolstadii, Typis Thomæ Grass, Typogr. Academici.
Lifting $N_\infty$ operads from conjugacy data
Creators: name: Balchin, Scott
name: MacBrough, Ethan
name: Ormsby, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We isolate a class of groups -- called lossless groups -- for which homotopy classes of $G$-$N_\infty$ operads are in bijection with certain restricted transfer systems on the poset of conjugacy classes $\operatorname{Sub}(G)/G$.
description: v2: updates in response to referee report, accepted version in Tunisian Journal of Mathematics; 24 pages, 16 figures. v1: 22 pages, 13 figures; comments welcome!
High Performance Thin-Film Composite Forward Osmosis Membrane
Creators: name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Tiraferri, Alberto
name: Phillip, William A.
name: Schiffman, Jessica D.
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Membranes (Technology)
subject: Composite materials--Technological innovations
subject: Osmosis
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Recent studies show that osmotically driven membrane processes may be a viable technology for desalination, water and wastewater treatment, and power generation. However, the absence of a membrane designed for such processes is a significant obstacle hindering further advancements of this technology. This work presents the development of a high performance thin-film composite membrane for forward osmosis applications. The membrane consists of a selective polyamide active layer formed by interfacial polymerization on top of a polysulfone support layer fabricated by phase separation onto a thin (40 μm) polyester nonwoven fabric. By careful selection of the polysulfone casting solution (i.e., polymer concentration and solvent composition) and tailoring the casting process, we produced a support layer with a mix of finger-like and sponge-like morphologies that give significantly enhanced membrane performance. The structure and performance of the new thin-film composite forward osmosis membrane are compared with those of commercial membranes. Using a 1.5 M NaCl draw solution and a pure water feed, the fabricated membranes produced water fluxes exceeding 18 L m2−h−1, while consistently maintaining observed salt rejection greater than 97%. The high water flux of the fabricated thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes was directly related to the thickness, porosity, tortuosity, and pore structure of the polysulfone support layer. Furthermore, membrane performance did not degrade after prolonged exposure to an ammonium bicarbonate draw solution.
British Columbia Legislative Assembly sessional clipping book (1924-11)
Creators: name: :Unav
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Politics and government
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1919741
subject: British Columbia. Legislative Assembly
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/600765
subject: Law
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993678
subject: FOS: Law

description: These Sessional Clippings books cover the period 1891 to 1972, and include newspaper accounts written by various legislative reporters who covered debates occurring in the British Columbia Legislative Assembly. Transcripts of debates of the Legislative Assembly (Hansard) were not published in B.C. until 1970; hence these "Sessional Clipping Books" augment the "Journals", the record of daily proceedings of the Legislative Assembly. Selected clippings from various newspapers including the Vancouver Sun, the Vancouver Province, the Colonist, and the Times newspapers, relating to the newspaper reports concerning activities of the Legislature. The original sessional clippings books comprise 351 ledger size print volumes, held at the Legislative Library in Victoria BC. The print volumes were microfilmed onto 26 reels in 1977 under a Tri University Libraries (TRIUL) project by Precision Micrographic Services (Vancouver, B.C.), with the permission of the Legislative Library, Victoria, British Columbia. This digital collection was created by scanning the 26 microfilm reels.
Desalination and Reuse of High-Salinity Shale Gas Produced Water: Drivers, Technologies, and Future Directions
Creators: name: Shaffer, Devin L.
name: Arias Chavez, Laura H.
name: Ben-Sasson, Moshe
name: Castrillon, Santiago Romero-Vargas
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Shale gas industry
subject: Saline water conversion
subject: Membrane distillation
subject: Osmosis
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: In the rapidly developing shale gas industry, managing produced water is a major challenge for maintaining the profitability of shale gas extraction while protecting public health and the environment. We review the current state of practice for produced water management across the United States and discuss the interrelated regulatory, infrastructure, and economic drivers for produced water reuse. Within this framework, we examine the Marcellus shale play, a region in the eastern United States where produced water is currently reused without desalination. In the Marcellus region, and in other shale plays worldwide with similar constraints, contraction of current reuse opportunities within the shale gas industry and growing restrictions on produced water disposal will provide strong incentives for produced water desalination for reuse outside the industry. The most challenging scenarios for the selection of desalination for reuse over other management strategies will be those involving high-salinity produced water, which must be desalinated with thermal separation processes. We explore desalination technologies for treatment of high-salinity shale gas produced water, and we critically review mechanical vapor compression (MVC), membrane distillation (MD), and forward osmosis (FO) as the technologies best suited for desalination of high-salinity produced water for reuse outside the shale gas industry. The advantages and challenges of applying MVC, MD, and FO technologies to produced water desalination are discussed, and directions for future research and development are identified. We find that desalination for reuse of produced water is technically feasible and can be economically relevant. However, because produced water management is primarily an economic decision, expanding desalination for reuse is dependent on process and material improvements to reduce capital and operating costs.
Enhancing Secrecy with Multi-Antenna Transmission in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Xi
name: Zhou, Xiangyun
name: McKay, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study physical-layer security in wireless ad hoc networks and investigate two types of multi-antenna transmission schemes for providing secrecy enhancements. To establish secure transmission against malicious eavesdroppers, we consider the generation of artificial noise with either sectoring or beamforming. For both approaches, we provide a statistical characterization and tradeoff analysis of the outage performance of the legitimate communication and the eavesdropping links. We then investigate the networkwide secrecy throughput performance of both schemes in terms of the secrecy transmission capacity, and study the optimal power allocation between the information signal and the artificial noise. Our analysis indicates that, under transmit power optimization, the beamforming scheme outperforms the sectoring scheme, except for the case where the number of transmit antennas are sufficiently large. Our study also reveals some interesting differences between the optimal power allocation for the sectoring and beamforming schemes.
description: to appear in IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
Performance Limiting Effects in Power Generation from Salinity Gradients by Pressure Retarded Osmosis
Creators: name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Electric power production
subject: Stream salinity
subject: Osmosis
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Pressure retarded osmosis has the potential to utilize the free energy of mixing when fresh river water flows into the sea for clean and renewable power generation. Here, we present a systematic investigation of the performance limiting phenomena in pressure retarded osmosis—external concentration polarization, internal concentration polarization, and reverse draw salt flux—and offer insights on the design criteria of a high performance pressure retarded osmosis power generation system. Thin-film composite polyamide membranes were chemically modified to produce a range of membrane transport properties, and the water and salt permeabilities were characterized to determine the underlying permeability-selectivity trade-off relationship. We show that power density is constrained by the trade-off between permeability and selectivity of the membrane active layer. This behavior is attributed to the opposing influence of the beneficial effect of membrane water permeability and the detrimental impact of reverse salt flux coupled with internal concentration polarization. Our analysis reveals the intricate influence of active and support layer properties on power density and demonstrates that membrane performance is maximized by tailoring the water and salt permeabilities to the structural parameters. An analytical parameter that quantifies the relative influence of each performance limiting phenomena is employed to identify the dominant effect restricting productivity. External concentration polarization is shown to be the main factor limiting performance at high power densities. Enhancement of the hydrodynamic flow conditions in the membrane feed channel reduces external concentration polarization and thus, yields improved power density. However, doing so will also incur additional operating costs due to the accompanying hydraulic pressure loss. This study demonstrates that by thoughtful selection of the membrane properties and hydrodynamic conditions, the detrimental effects that limit productivity in a pressure retarded osmosis power generation process can be methodically minimized to achieve high performance.
Quantum algorithm for ground state energy estimation using circuit depth with exponentially improved dependence on precision
Creators: name: Wang, Guoming
name: França, Daniel Stilck
name: Zhang, Ruizhe
name: Zhu, Shuchen
name: Johnson, Peter D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A milestone in the field of quantum computing will be solving problems in quantum chemistry and materials faster than state-of-the-art classical methods. The current understanding is that achieving quantum advantage in this area will require some degree of fault tolerance. While hardware is improving towards this milestone, optimizing quantum algorithms also brings it closer to the present. Existing methods for ground state energy estimation are costly in that they require a number of gates per circuit that grows exponentially with the desired number of bits in precision. We reduce this cost exponentially, by developing a ground state energy estimation algorithm for which this cost grows linearly in the number of bits of precision. Relative to recent resource estimates of ground state energy estimation for the industrially-relevant molecules of ethylene-carbonate and PF$_6^-$, the estimated gate count and circuit depth is reduced by a factor of 43 and 78, respectively. Furthermore, the algorithm can use additional circuit depth to reduce the total runtime. These features make our algorithm a promising candidate for realizing quantum advantage in the era of early fault-tolerant quantum computing.
description: 30 (16+14) pages, 3 figures. Comparison with related works is added. The presentation of the results is improved
Forward with Osmosis: Emerging Applications for Greater Sustainability
Creators: name: Hoover, Laura A.
name: Phillip, William A.
name: Tiraferri, Alberto
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Membranes (Technology)
subject: Sustainability
subject: Osmosis
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Many conventional practices in the production and use of water, energy, and food are unsustainable. Existing technologies and concepts can be improved with the integration of forward osmosis, a membrane-based technology that uses osmosis as its driving force. This Feature highlights five emerging applications of forward osmosis that elegantly bypass the difficult step of draw solution regeneration and make common processes more sustainable. These applications enhance the efficiency of the production and use of water, energy, and food; utilize wastes and abundant, low value resources; and better protect the environment.
Time-optimal control of SU(2) quantum operations
Creators: name: Garon, A.
name: Glaser, S. J.
name: Sugny, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an analysis of the time-optimal control of SU(2) quantum operations. By using the Pontryagin Maximum Principle, we show how to determine the optimal trajectory reaching a given target state. Explicit analytical solutions are given for two specific examples. We discuss the role of the detuning in the construction of the optimal synthesis.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures
Growth of the Solid-Electrolyte Interphase: Electron Diffusion versus Solvent Diffusion
Creators: name: Köbbing, Lukas
name: Latz, Arnulf
name: Horstmann, Birger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) substantially influences the lifetime of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the transport mechanism responsible for the long-term growth of the SEI remains controversial. This study aims at discussing the characteristic time and state-of-charge dependence of SEI growth mediated by electron diffusion versus solvent diffusion. We describe both transport mechanisms with continuum models and compare them to experimental results. We show that electron diffusion can explain both the observed state-of-charge dependence and the time dependence. In contrast, we demonstrate that solvent diffusion can reproduce either the state-of-charge dependence or the time dependence of capacity fade. There is no intermediate regime where solvent diffusion can explain both dependencies simultaneously. Furthermore, we emphasize the crucial role of anode voltage and state-of-charge on SEI growth in general. Due to self-discharge, this dependence can explain deviations from the typical square-root behavior in the time domain. We conclude that electron diffusion is the relevant process leading to the state-of-charge dependent SEI growth. Further experiments are needed to investigate the reason for contributions to the capacity fade that are independent of the state-of-charge.
Direct contact membrane distillation with heat recovery: Thermodynamic insights from module scale modeling
Creators: name: Lin, Shihong
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Membrane distillation
subject: Energy consumption
subject: Thermodynamics
subject: Membranes (Technology)
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) can desalinate saline waters using low-grade heat and is thus economically attractive when low-temperature thermal energy is readily available. Coupling DCMD with a heat exchanger (HX) can significantly enhance the energy efficiency of the process by recovering the latent heat accumulated in the permeate (distillate) stream. This study evaluates the mass recovery rate (i.e., fraction of feed water recovered), γ, and the specific heat duty (i.e., energy input per unit mass of product water), β, of DCMD desalination using low-grade heat coupled with HX. Mass and heat transfer in DCMD and HX were modeled at the module scale and thermodynamic analysis of the system was performed. The relative flow rate (between the permeate and feed streams), α, was found to be a critical operation parameter to optimize process performance, regardless of the mass and heat transfer kinetics. Both numerical evaluation and analytical analysis reveal a critical relative flow rate, α⁎, that demarcates DCMD operation between a permeate limiting regime (when αα⁎), when mass transfer kinetics are not limiting. Similarly, we identified mass-limited and temperature-limited heat recovery regimes in the HX that are dependent on α. Our analysis shows that the highest γ and lowest β achievable are solely determined by the thermodynamic properties of the system and always occur at the critical relative flow rate, α⁎. For example, the thermodynamic limits for γ and β are 6.4% and 27.6 kJ kg−1, respectively, for seawater desalination by single-pass DCMD at 60 °C with HX. However, in practical operation, as the DCMD membrane area and permeability cannot be infinitely large, the process is in a mass-transfer-limiting-regime and performance departs from the thermodynamic limits. Lastly, we demonstrate that heat transfer across a thermally-conductive DCMD membrane further reduces the recovery rate and energy efficiency of the process. The findings from this study have important implications for optimization of the DCMD process and for serving as criteria to assess process performance.
Effect of short-range order on transport in one-particle, tight-binding models
Creators: name: Khodja, Abdellah
name: Gemmer, Jochen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate transport properties of topologically disordered, three-dimensional, one-particle, tight binding models, featuring site distance dependent hopping terms. We start from entirely disordered systems into which we gradually introduce some short range order by numerically performing a pertinent structural relaxation using local site-pair interactions. Transport properties of the resulting models within the delocalized regime are analyzed numerically using linear response theory. We find that even though the generated order is very short ranged, transport properties such as conductivity or mean free path scale significantly with the degree of order. Mean free paths may exceed site-pair correlation length. It is furthermore demonstrated that, while the totally disordered model is not in accord with a Drude- or Boltzmann-type description, moderate degrees of order suffice to render such a picture valid.
description: to appear in Phys. Rev. E
A method for the simultaneous determination of transport and structural parameters of forward osmosis membranes
Creators: name: Tiraferri, Alberto
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Straub, Anthony P.
name: Castrillon, Santiago Romero-Vargas
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Osmosis
subject: Permeability
subject: Membranes (Technology)
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences

description: We present a simple and rapid methodology to characterize the water and solute permeability coefficients (A and B, respectively) and structural parameter (S) of forward osmosis (FO) membranes. The methodology comprises a single FO experiment divided into four stages, each using a different concentration of draw solution. The experimental water and reverse salt fluxes measured in each stage are fitted to the corresponding FO transport equations by performing a least-squares non-linear regression, using A, B, and S as regression parameters. Hand-cast thin-film composite (TFC) FO membranes and commercial TFC FO, TFC reverse osmosis (RO), and cellulose acetate-based asymmetric FO membranes are evaluated following this protocol. We compare the membrane properties obtained with our FO-based methodology with those derived from existing protocols based on an RO experiment followed by an FO experiment. For all membranes, the FO-based protocol gives more accurate predictions of the water and salt fluxes than the existing method. The numerical robustness of the method and the sensitivity of the regression parameters to random errors in the measured quantities are thoroughly analyzed. The assessment shows that confidence in the accuracy of the determined membrane parameters can be enhanced by simultaneously achieving close fitting of the predicted fluxes to experimental measurements (i.e., high R2 values) and constant water to salt flux ratios in each stage. Additionally, the existing and proposed approaches yield consistently dissimilar results for some of the analyzed membranes, indicating a discrepancy that might be attributed to the different driving forces utilized in RO and in FO that should be further investigated.
Lonchothrix Thomas 1920
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Echimyidae
Lonchothrix

description: Lonchothrix Thomas, 1920. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 9, 6: 113. ISIS NUMBER: 5301410029009000000.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Rodentia (Part 6), pp. 560-594 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 588, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353039
Desalination by forward osmosis: Identifying performance limiting parameters through module-scale modeling
Creators: name: Deshmukh, Akshay
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Lina, Shihong
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Saline water conversion
subject: Permeability
subject: Membranes (Technology)
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Chemical engineering
subject: FOS: Chemical engineering

description: In this study, we analyze the effects of membrane properties, namely water permeability, solute permeability, and structural parameter, on the overall performance of an FO membrane module to extract water from simulated seawater (0.6 M NaCl). By considering the thermodynamic limit of operation, we demonstrate that the maximum achievable water recovery is practically independent of membrane properties, and higher maximum water recovery is achievable with counter-current compared to co-current mode. Analysis of the module-scale model indicates that reducing the support layer structural parameter offers substantial reductions in the membrane area required to achieve a specified water recovery. For example, a 25% reduction of the structural parameter of a state-of-the-art thin-film composite (TFC) membrane (from 400 to 300 μm) yields a sizable 20% reduction in membrane area. In contrast, quintupling the water permeability coefficient (from 2.0 to 10.0 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) of a modern TFC membrane generates only a modest 10% saving in membrane area. In addition, because of the permeability-selectivity trade-off that governs current polymeric membranes, doubling the water permeability coefficient would cause crippling ~7-fold increases in forward and reverse solute permeation. This quantitative study models the potential performance of a module-scale FO desalination process and firmly highlights the need to prioritize the reduction of support layer mass transport resistances over water permeability increases in membrane development.
Longest and Shortest Factorizations in Embedding Dimension Three
Creators: name: Liu, Baian
name: Yap, JiaYan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a numerical monoid $\langle n_1, \dots, n_k \rangle$ minimally generated by $n_1, \dots, n_k \in \mathbb{N}$ with $n_1 < \cdots < n_k$, the longest and shortest factorization lengths of an element $x$, denoted as $L(x)$ and $\ell(x)$, respectively, follow the identities $L(x+n_1) = L(x) + 1$ and $\ell(x+n_k) = \ell(x) + 1$ for sufficiently large elements $x$. We characterize when these identities hold for all elements of numerical monoids of embedding dimension three.
Seawater desalination for agriculture by integrated forward and reverse osmosis: Improved product water quality for potentially less energy
Creators: name: Shaffer, Devin L.
name: Yip, Ngai Yin
name: Gilron, Jack
name: Elimelech, Menachem
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Saline water conversion--Reverse osmosis process
subject: Irrigation water
subject: Agriculture--Energy conservation
subject: Environmental engineering
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Agriculture

description: Seawater desalination for agricultural irrigation will be an important contributor to satisfying growing water demands in water scarce regions. Irrigated agriculture for food production drives global water demands, which are expected to increase while available supplies are further diminished. Implementation of reverse osmosis, the current leading technology for seawater desalination, has been limited in part because of high costs and energy consumption. Because of stringent boron and chloride standards for agricultural irrigation water, desalination for agriculture is more energy intensive than desalination for potable use, and additional post-treatment, such as a second pass reverse osmosis process, is required. In this perspective, we introduce the concept of an integrated forward osmosis and reverse osmosis process for seawater desalination. Process modeling results indicate that the integrated process can achieve boron and chloride water quality requirements for agricultural irrigation while consuming less energy than a conventional two-pass reverse osmosis process. The challenges to further development of an integrated forward and reverse osmosis desalination process and its potential benefits beyond energy savings are discussed.
CO ro-vibrational lines in HD100546: A search for disc asymmetries and the role of fluorescence
Creators: name: Bertelsen, R. P. Hein
name: Kamp, I.
name: Goto, M.
name: van der Plas, G.
name: Thi, W. -F.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: Ancker, M. E. van den
name: Woitke, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the emission of CO ro-vibrational lines in the disc around the Herbig Be star HD100546 with the final goal of using these lines as a diagnostic to understand inner disc structure in the context of planet formation. High-resolution IR spectra of CO ro-vibrational emission at eight different position angles were taken with CRIRES at the VLT. From these spectra flux tables, CO ro-vibrational line profiles, and population diagrams were produced. We have investigated variations in the line profile shapes and line strengths as a function of slit position angle. We used the thermochemical disc modelling code ProDiMo based on the chemistry, radiation field, and temperature structure of a previously published model for HD100546. Comparing observations and the model, we investigated the possibility of disc asymmetries, the excitation mechanism (UV fluorescence), the geometry, and physical conditions of the inner disc. The observed CO ro-vibrational lines are largely emitted from the inner rim of the outer disc at 10-13 AU. The line shapes are similar for all v levels and line fluxes from all vibrational levels vary only within one order of magnitude. All line profile asymmetries and variations can be explained with a symmetric disc model to which a slit correction and pointing offset is applied. Because the angular size of the CO emitting region (10-13 AU) and the slit width are comparable the line profiles are very sensitive to the placing of the slit. The model reproduces the line shapes and the fluxes of the v=1-0 lines as well as the spatial extent of the CO ro-vibrational emission. It does not reproduce the observed band ratios of 0.5-0.2 with higher vibrational bands. We find that lower gas volume densities at the surface of the inner rim of the outer disc can make the fluorescence pumping more effcient and reproduce the observed band ratios.
description: 20 pages, 21 figures
Eunota togata subsp. globicollis
Creators: name: Acciavatti, Robert E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Carabidae
Eunota
Eunota togata
Eunota togata globicollis (casey, 1913)

description: Eunota togata globicollis (Casey, 1913) Cicindela globicollis Casey 1913: 35. Type status. LECTOTYPE, male (Fig. 6) [by present designation]. Type labels. " Clark Co. Ks / June 1962 ft. / FH Snow"; "59 var. / apicalis"; "globicollis / Csy."; " CASEY / bequest / 1925"; " TYPE USNM / 45952 "; " LECTOTYPE / Cicindela /globicollis / Casey by/ R. E.Acciavatti,'14"; " Eunota / togata / globicollis (Casey) / det. R. E.Acciavatti,'14" [formats of labels in Fig. 6]. Paralectotypes, one female (Fig. 10), one male [here designated], each labelled with locality label, Casey determination, Casey bequest, TYPE USNM, paralectotype and determination labels similar to lectotype. Type depository. Lectotype and two paralectotypes at NMNH, Washington, D.C., USA. Type locality. Clark County, Kansas, [in original description]. Type locality note: Based on a small series of specimens at KUNHM, collected by Professor Snow and associates with same lectotype label data, this taxon type locality (Fig. 44, 50) is herein fixed at a Cimarron River site east of Englewood, Clark County, Kansas, with these GPS coordinates: 37.0370, −99.7784, 565m. This site adjoins an Oklahoma state boundary shown as a blue line running diagonally near left side of Fig. 44. Habitat: Salt encrusted soils of marshy riverine margins. Cicindela togata globicollis Casey, 1913: [(Bousquet and Larochelle 1993: 66) assigned as distinct subspecies of C. togata LaFerté-Sénectère, 1841]. Eunota togata globicollis (Casey, 1913): [(Bousquet 2012: 309) assigned as distinct subspecies of E. togata (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1841)].
description: Published as part of Acciavatti, Robert E., 2021, Taxonomic revision of Eunota togata (LaFerté-Sénectère, 1841) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) in North America with a new subspecies from western Texas and New Mexico, United States, pp. 1-32 in Insecta Mundi 2021 (848) on pages 12-14, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5041444
description: {"references": ["Casey TL. 1913. Memoirs on the Coleoptera. IV. The New Era Printing Company; Lancaster, PA. 400 p.", "Bousquet Y, Larochelle A. 1993. Catalogue of the Geadephaga (Coleoptera: Trachypachidae, Rhysodidae, Carabidae including Cicindelini) of America North of Mexico. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 167. 397 p.", "LaFerte-Senectere M. 1841. Description Carabiques nouveaux du Texas et d'une espece nouvelle de Buprestide de France. Revue Zoologique, par La Societe Cuvierienne [Fevrier, 4]: 37 - 50.", "Bousquet Y. 2012. Catalogue of the Geadephaga of Canada and the United States. ZooKeys 245: 1 - 1722."]}
title: Dissertatio Juridica Inauguralis De Executione, Et Legitimo Modo Exequendi; [1737]
title: Tam in Supremis Imperii Dicasteriis, quam subordinatis Judiciis ex praescripto Legum Fundamentalium Imperii, Juris Canonici, Civilis, & Provincialis Franconici usitato
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Carlier, Leonhard
name: Behr, Georg Anton
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2014

description: Würzburg, Univ., Diss., 1737