cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Predictive online optimisation with applications to optical flow
Creators: name: Valkonen, Tuomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Online optimisation revolves around new data being introduced into a problem while it is still being solved; think of deep learning as more training samples become available. We adapt the idea to dynamic inverse problems such as video processing with optical flow. We introduce a corresponding predictive online primal-dual proximal splitting method. The video frames now exactly correspond to the algorithm iterations. A user-prescribed predictor describes the evolution of the primal variable. To prove convergence we need a predictor for the dual variable based on (proximal) gradient flow. This affects the model that the method asymptotically minimises. We show that for inverse problems the effect is, essentially, to construct a new dynamic regulariser based on infimal convolution of the static regularisers with the temporal coupling. We finish by demonstrating excellent real-time performance of our method in computational image stabilisation and convergence in terms of regularisation theory.
S3: Active volcanoes in Marie Byrd Land
Creators: name: N.W. Dunbar
name: N.A. Iverson
name: J.L. Smellie
name: W.C. McIntosh
name: M.J. Zimmerer
name: P.R. Kyle
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Argon geochronology methods and analytical spectra or ideograms.
Pycnomerus parvulus Broun 1921
Creators: name: Lord, Nathan P.
name: Leschen, Richard A. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Pycnomerus
Pycnomerus parvulus

description: Pycnomerus parvulus Broun, 1921
(Figs. 398–399)
 Pycnomerus parvulus Broun, 1921b: 614. Hudson 1923: 370. Hetschko 1930: 63. Maddison 2010: 426.
 Type locality: Karekare, west coast, near Auckland.
 Broun number: 4182.
 Remarks: Broun based this species on a single specimen collected on 23 February, 1916. One specimen, lacking a BMNH type label, bears a “Kerikeri” label (an alternate spelling of Karekare, which is located on the west coast of Auckland in the Waitakere ranges). We regard this specimen as the holotype.
 Type material examined: Holotype (BMNH): card-mounted, “4182. [in Broun’s hand] // New Zealand. [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // KeriKeri. 23.2.1916 [in Broun’s hand] // Pycnomerus parvulus. [in Broun’s hand]”.
description: Published as part of Lord, Nathan P. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2014, Illustrated Catalogue and Type Designations of the New Zealand Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea), pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 3809 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3809.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4918362
Extensivity of two-dimensional turbulence
Creators: name: Tran, Chuong V.
name: Shepherd, Theodore G.
name: Cho, Han-Ru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This study is concerned with how the attractor dimension of the two-dimensional Navier--Stokes equations depends on characteristic length scales, including the system integral length scale, the forcing length scale, and the dissipation length scale. Upper bounds on the attractor dimension derived by Constantin--Foias--Temam are analysed. It is shown that the optimal attractor-dimension estimate grows linearly with the domain area (suggestive of extensive chaos), for a sufficiently large domain, if the kinematic viscosity and the amplitude and length scale of the forcing are held fixed. For sufficiently small domain area, a slightly ``super-extensive'' estimate becomes optimal. In the extensive regime, the attractor-dimension estimate is given by the ratio of the domain area to the square of the dissipation length scale defined, on physical grounds, in terms of the average rate of shear. This dissipation length scale (which is not necessarily the scale at which the energy or enstrophy dissipation takes place) can be identified with the dimension correlation length scale, the square of which is interpreted, according to the concept of extensive chaos, as the area of a subsystem with one degree of freedom. Furthermore, these length scales can be identified with a ``minimum length scale'' of the flow, which is rigorously deduced from the concept of determining nodes.
description: No figures, 14 pages
The effects of copulatory behavior on splenic natural killer cell cytotoxicity in male Golden hamsters
Creators: name: Kress, Douglas Wayne
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3204
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences

description: Sexual behavior is associated with the release of a number of neuroendocrine hormones and peptides. Several of these have been shown to influence immune function, including cortisol, testosterone, prolactin, and beta-endorphin. The possibility that the release of these immunomodulators coincident with mating has an effect on specific components of the immune response was explored in male Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) mated either once or weekly for five weeks with sexually receptive females. Maters showed a significant suppression of splenic natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) two hours after mating compared to matched virgin controls. Natural killer cell activity returned to control levels within 16 hours of mating in both one- and five-time maters. Cytotoxicity was determined using a standard four-hour chromium-51 release assay in all experiments.
HYPOTHESIS BACTERIA VACCINE AGAINST CORONAVIRUS COVID-19.pdf
Creators: name: Pelini, Paolo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: Pharmacology

description: The pandemic due to Coronavirus Covid-19 is becoming a serious global problem!
 I believe that everyone must do their part to get out of this war early and in light of this I want to make available to the rest of the international scientific community
 these my hypotheses of solution apt to the block of the virus and to the quickest possible formation of a Covid-19 vaccine.
The effects of copulatory behavior on splenic natural killer cell cytotoxicity in male Golden hamsters
Creators: name: Kress, Douglas Wayne
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Sexual behavior is associated with the release of a number of neuroendocrine hormones and peptides. Several of these have been shown to influence immune function, including cortisol, testosterone, prolactin, and beta-endorphin. The possibility that the release of these immunomodulators coincident with mating has an effect on specific components of the immune response was explored in male Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) mated either once or weekly for five weeks with sexually receptive females. Maters showed a significant suppression of splenic natural killer cell cytotoxicity (NKCC) two hours after mating compared to matched virgin controls. Natural killer cell activity returned to control levels within 16 hours of mating in both one- and five-time maters. Cytotoxicity was determined using a standard four-hour chromium-51 release assay in all experiments.
Pycnomerus reversus Broun 1912
Creators: name: Lord, Nathan P.
name: Leschen, Richard A. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Pycnomerus
Pycnomerus reversus

description: Pycnomerus reversus Broun, 1912
(Figs. 400–401)
 Pycnomerus reversus Broun, 1912: 421. Hudson 1923: 370. Hetschko 1930: 63. Maddison 2010: 426.
 Type locality: Greymouth.
 Broun number: 3226.
 Remarks: Broun mentioned that he based this species on three specimens sent from Lewis. One specimen was found loose in the drawer and was subsequently re-glued by us to the appropriate elongate card. In order to stabilize this name, a lectotype and two paralectotypes are here designated from the material of Pycnomerus reversus.
 Type material examined: Lectotype (BMNH): card-mounted, “Type [round label with red border] // 3226 [in Broun’s hand] // New Zealand. [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Greymouth. -Lewis- [in Broun’s hand] // Pycnomerus reversus. [in Broun’s hand]”. Paralectotype (BMNH): mounted venter-up, “3226 [in Broun’s hand] // New Zealand. [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Greymouth. -Lewis- [in Broun’s hand] / / Pycnomerus reversus. [in Broun’s hand]”. Paralectotype (BMNH): “Greymouth. -Lewis- [in Broun’s hand] // 3226. [in Broun’s hand]”.
description: Published as part of Lord, Nathan P. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2014, Illustrated Catalogue and Type Designations of the New Zealand Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea), pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 3809 (1) on page 72, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3809.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4918362
The role of ectoderm and mesoderm interaction in the distribution of muscle acetylcholine receptors and neuronal differentiation in Xenopus
Creators: name: Tian, Yan
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology
classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: During gastrulation, mesoderm comes into contact with ectoderm, providing an opportunity for the exchange of presumptive inductive signals. One may disrupt such an interaction with exogastrulation, a process in which mesoderm is made to move outward rather than into the embryo during gastrulation, and thus presumably the nervous system fails to develop. Whether or not, and how, this abnormal movement interferes with the development of the neuromuscular junction in the myotomes of Xenopus embryos were the objectives of this thesis. In particular, the distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the myotomal muscle and the fate of ectodermal cells in the exogastrulated embryos were investigated. Fluorescent toxin binding to AChRs, nerve specific staining, and cell cultures were used in the study. The results show that the exogastrulated embryos have fewer AChR aggregates and fewer differentiated neurons than the control embryos.
Giant electron-phonon coupling of the breathing plane oxygen phonons in the dynamic stripe phase of La$_{1.67}$Sr$_{0.33}$NiO$_4$
Creators: name: Merritt, A. M.
name: Christianson, A. D.
name: Banerjee, A.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Mishchenko, A. S.
name: Reznik, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Doped antiferromagnets host a vast array of physical properties and learning how to control them is one of the biggest challenges of condensed matter physics. La$_{1.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$NiO$_4$ (LSNO) is a classic example of such a material. At low temperatures holes introduced via substitution of La by Sr segregate into lines to form boundaries between magnetically ordered domains in the form of stripes. The stripes become dynamic at high temperatures, but LSNO remains insulating presumably because an interplay between magnetic correlations and electron-phonon coupling localizes charge carriers. Magnetic degrees of freedom have been extensively investigated in this system, but phonons are almost completely unexplored. We searched for electron-phonon anomalies in LSNO by inelastic neutron scattering. Giant renormalization of plane Ni-O bond-stretching modes that modulate the volume around Ni appears on entering the dynamic charge stripe phase. Other phonons are a lot less sensitive to stripe melting. Dramatic overdamping of the breathing modes indicates that dynamic stripe phase may host small polarons. We argue that this feature sets electron-phonon coupling in nickelates apart from that in cuprates where breathing phonons are not overdamped and point out remarkable similarities with the colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) manganites.
Pycnomerus rufescens Broun 1882
Creators: name: Lord, Nathan P.
name: Leschen, Richard A. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Pycnomerus
Pycnomerus rufescens

description: Pycnomerus rufescens Broun, 1882
(Figs. 402–403)
 Pycnomerus rufescens Broun, 1882: 295. Broun 1886: 766 (reprinted from Broun 1882). Broun 1893b: 1444. Hutton 1904: 171. Hudson 1923: 370. Hetschko 1930: 63. Maddison 2010: 426.
 Type locality: Parua Bay [near Whangarei Harbour].
 Broun number: 1358.
 Remarks: Broun based this species on a single specimen.
 Type material examined: Holotype (BMNH): card-mounted, “Type [round label with red border] // 1358. [in Broun’s hand] // Parua // New Zealand [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Pycnomerus rufescens. [in Broun’s hand]”.
description: Published as part of Lord, Nathan P. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2014, Illustrated Catalogue and Type Designations of the New Zealand Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea), pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 3809 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3809.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4918362
XMM-Newton Observations of the Field of Gamma-Ray Burst 980425
Creators: name: Pian, E.
name: Giommi, P.
name: Amati, L.
name: Costa, E.
name: Danziger, J.
name: Feroci, M.
name: Fiocchi, M. T.
name: Frontera, F.
name: Kouveliotou, C.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Nicastro, L.
name: Palazzi, E.
name: Piro, L.
name: Tavani, M.
name: Zand, J. J. M. in 't
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The error box of GRB980425 has been observed by XMM-Newton in March 2002, with the aim of measuring the late epoch X-ray emission of the supernova 1998bw and of clarifying its supposed association with the GRB itself. We present here the preliminary results obtained with the EPIC PN camera. Our observations confirm the association between SN 1998bw and GRB980425. The EPIC PN measurement of the SN 1998bw flux is significantly below the extrapolation of the power-law temporal trend fitted to the BeppoSAX points and implies a faster temporal decay. We propose different physical interpretations of the SN X-ray light curve, according to whether it is produced by one or more radiation components.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; in press in Adv. Sp. Res., Proceedings of the 34th COSPAR Scientific Assembly, Houston, 10-19 October 2002
S2: Active volcanoes in Marie Byrd Land
Creators: name: N.W. Dunbar
name: N.A. Iverson
name: J.L. Smellie
name: W.C. McIntosh
name: M.J. Zimmerer
name: P.R. Kyle
Publisher: name: Geological Society of London
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Map of Mount Waesche englacial tephra layers showing sample numbers. Exact GPS locations can be found in Supplementary material S1.
The role of ectoderm and mesoderm interaction in the distribution of muscle acetylcholine receptors and neuronal differentiation in Xenopus
Creators: name: Tian, Yan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: During gastrulation, mesoderm comes into contact with ectoderm, providing an opportunity for the exchange of presumptive inductive signals. One may disrupt such an interaction with exogastrulation, a process in which mesoderm is made to move outward rather than into the embryo during gastrulation, and thus presumably the nervous system fails to develop. Whether or not, and how, this abnormal movement interferes with the development of the neuromuscular junction in the myotomes of Xenopus embryos were the objectives of this thesis. In particular, the distribution of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the myotomal muscle and the fate of ectodermal cells in the exogastrulated embryos were investigated. Fluorescent toxin binding to AChRs, nerve specific staining, and cell cultures were used in the study. The results show that the exogastrulated embryos have fewer AChR aggregates and fewer differentiated neurons than the control embryos.
Pycnomerus ruficollis Broun 1909
Creators: name: Lord, Nathan P.
name: Leschen, Richard A. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Pycnomerus
Pycnomerus ruficollis

description: Pycnomerus ruficollis Broun, 1909
(Figs. 404–405)
 Pycnomerus ruficollis Broun, 1909a: 394. Hudson 1923: 370. Hetschko 1930: 63. Maddison 2010: 426.
 Type locality: Broken River, Canterbury.
 Broun number: 2782 (as given in May 1967: 178).
 Remarks: Broun did not mention the number of specimens examined, although he mentions a “good series” with some specimens that are a “little larger and darker” in color than “the type.” Four specimens were located in the BMNH Broun collection. Under Article 73.1.1 of the ICZN, we regard “the type” mentioned by Broun as the holotype and the remaining specimens in the series as paratypes.
 Type material examined: Holotype (BMNH): card-mounted, “Type [round label with red border] // 2782. [in Broun’s hand] // Broken River. [in Broun’s hand] // New Zealand. [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Pycnomerus ruficollis [in Broun’s hand]”. Paratype (BMNH): “2782 [in Broun’s hand] // Broken River. [in Broun’s hand] // New Zealand. [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482.” Paratype (BMNH): “2782. [in Broun’s hand] // Broken River. [in Broun’s hand] // New Zealand. [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Pycnomerus ruficollis. [in Broun’s hand]”. Paratype (BMNH): mounted venter-up, “2782. [in Broun’s hand] // Broken River. [in Broun’s hand] // New Zealand. [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Pycnomerus ruficollis. [in Broun’s hand]”.
description: Published as part of Lord, Nathan P. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2014, Illustrated Catalogue and Type Designations of the New Zealand Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea), pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 3809 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3809.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4918362
Resonant activation driven by strongly non-Gaussian noises
Creators: name: Dybiec, Bartlomiej
name: Gudowska-Nowak, Ewa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The constructive role of non-Gaussian random fluctuations is studied in the context of the passage over the dichotomously switching potential barrier. Our attention focuses on the interplay of the effects of independent sources of fluctuations: an additive stable noise representing non-equilibrium external random force acting on the system and a fluctuating barrier. In particular, the influence of the structure of stable noises on the mean escape time and on the phenomenon of resonant activation (RA) is investigated. By use of the numerical Monte Carlo method it is documented that the suitable choice of the barrier switching rate and random external fields may produce resonant phenomenon leading to the enhancement of the kinetics and the shortest, most efficient reaction time.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, RevTeX4
Pycnomerus simplex Broun 1880
Creators: name: Lord, Nathan P.
name: Leschen, Richard A. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Pycnomerus
Pycnomerus simplex

description: Pycnomerus simplex Broun, 1880
(Figs. 406–407)
 Pycnomerus simplex Broun, 1880: 209. Broun 1882: 295. Broun 1886: 767 (reprinted from Broun 1882). Hutton 1904: 171. Hudson 1923: 369. Hetschko 1930: 63. Watt 1982b: 303. Kuschel 1990: 33, 64. Maddison 2010: 426.
 Type locality: Mount Manaia [Whangarei Heads].
 Broun number: 370.
 Remarks: Broun based this species on a single specimen.
 Type material examined: Holotype (BMNH): card-mounted, “Type [round label with red border] // 370 [green label] // Manaia // New Zealand [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Pycnomerus simplex _ [in Broun’s hand]”.
description: Published as part of Lord, Nathan P. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2014, Illustrated Catalogue and Type Designations of the New Zealand Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea), pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 3809 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3809.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4918362
The origin of mesotocinergic neurons in the neural plate of Xenopus laevis
Creators: name: Thaler, Christopher James
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The origin of neurons containing mesotocin (the amphibian analogue of the peptide hormone oxytocin) in the neural plate of Xenopus laevis frog embryos was investigated. Reciprocal orthotopic grafts were performed between Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis stage 15 embryos using the anterior medial portion of the neural plate and adjacent neural ridge as the graft site. The embryos were allowed to develop until stage 47 at which point standard fluorescent immunocytochemical methods were used to label mesotocinergic cells. The fluorescent nuclear stain 4$\sp\prime$-6$\sp\prime$-diamino-3-phenylindole (DAPI) was used to distinguish between mesotocinergic cells of either borealis or laevis origin. Statistically, all of the mesotocinergic cells in the grafted side of laevis host borealis donor tadpoles were of borealis origin. The numbers of mesotocinergic cells of laevis origin were statistically not different from zero demonstrating that all of the mesotocinergic cells of a stage 47 Xenopus tadpole are derived from the anterior medial portion of the neural plate and adjacent neural ridge of a stage 15 embryo.
The origin of mesotocinergic neurons in the neural plate of Xenopus laevis
Creators: name: Thaler, Christopher James
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3209
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The origin of neurons containing mesotocin (the amphibian analogue of the peptide hormone oxytocin) in the neural plate of Xenopus laevis frog embryos was investigated. Reciprocal orthotopic grafts were performed between Xenopus laevis and Xenopus borealis stage 15 embryos using the anterior medial portion of the neural plate and adjacent neural ridge as the graft site. The embryos were allowed to develop until stage 47 at which point standard fluorescent immunocytochemical methods were used to label mesotocinergic cells. The fluorescent nuclear stain 4$\sp\prime$-6$\sp\prime$-diamino-3-phenylindole (DAPI) was used to distinguish between mesotocinergic cells of either borealis or laevis origin. Statistically, all of the mesotocinergic cells in the grafted side of laevis host borealis donor tadpoles were of borealis origin. The numbers of mesotocinergic cells of laevis origin were statistically not different from zero demonstrating that all of the mesotocinergic cells of a stage 47 Xenopus tadpole are derived from the anterior medial portion of the neural plate and adjacent neural ridge of a stage 15 embryo.
An Inverse Problem Approach to Cluster Dynamics
Creators: name: Chakrabarty, Dalia
name: Zwart, Simon Portegies
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new non-parametric algorithm that can be implemented to study and characterize stellar clusters. The scheme attempts to simultaneously recover the stellar distribution function and the cluster potential by using projected radii and velocity information about the cluster members. The pair of these functions that is most consistent with the input data is detected by the Metropolis algorithm. In this work, the cluster characteristics recovered by CHASSIS are calibrated against the N-body realizations of two clusters, namely Hyades and Arches. The cluster mass and line-of-sight projected velocity dispersion profiles are correctly reproduced by the algorithm when the cluster obeys the assumption used in the code, namely isotropy in phase space. The results recovered by the code are shown to be insensitive to the choice of the initial parameters. The results are also not influenced by increasing the number of input data points as long as this number exceeds a minimum value which is moderately low for an input data set that obeys the assumptions of isotropy and sphericity.
description: 30 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
Who Could The First Farmers Be
Creators: name: RODRIGUES, TENSING CARLOS
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Archaeology
subject: Geography
subject: Sociology

description: The question then is, who founded the gāṁvkārīs – the substratum population or one of the subsequent waves of migrants ? We have to note a possible peculiar characteristic of the gāṁvkārī : it is only the cultivated land that is pooled together, not the land used for inhabitation or the waste land. Or did the gāṁvkārīs own the waste land and the forests as well ? We still do not have any information about the early farming; that is when the aborigines switched from hunting-gathering to herding-farming. Or could it be possible that they made this switch only when a new wave of migrants came to the coast ? Could it be that the crops and the farming technology were brought to the coast by new migrants ?
Core radius evolution of star clusters
Creators: name: Wilkinson, Mark I.
name: Hurley, Jarrod R.
name: Mackey, A. Dougal
name: Gilmore, Gerard F.
name: Tout, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use N-body simulations of star clusters to investigate the possible dynamical origins of the observed spread in core radius among intermediate-age and old star clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Two effects are considered, a time-varying external tidal field and variations in primordial hard binary fraction. Simulations of clusters orbiting a point-mass galaxy show similar core radius evolution for clusters on both circular and elliptical orbits and we therefore conclude that the tidal field of the LMC has not yet significantly influenced the evolution of the intermediate-age clusters. The presence of large numbers of hard primordial binaries in a cluster leads to core radius expansion; however, the magnitude of the effect is insufficient to explain the observations. Further, the range of binary fractions required to produce significant core radius growth is inconsistent with the observational evidence that all the LMC clusters have similar stellar luminosity functions.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Human Perception-Optimized Planning for Comfortable VR-Based Telepresence
Creators: name: Becerra, Israel
name: Suomalainen, Markku
name: Lozano, Eliezer
name: Mimnaugh, Katherine J.
name: Murrieta-Cid, Rafael
name: LaValle, Steven M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces an emerging motion planning problem by considering a human that is immersed into the viewing perspective of a remote robot. The challenge is to make the experience both effective (such as delivering a sense of presence) and comfortable (such as avoiding adverse sickness symptoms, including nausea). We refer to this challenging new area as human perception-optimized planning and propose a general multiobjective optimization framework that can be instantiated in many envisioned scenarios. We then consider a specific VR telepresence task as a case of human perception-optimized planning, in which we simulate a robot that sends 360 video to a remote user to be viewed through a head-mounted display. In this particular task, we plan trajectories that minimize VR sickness (and thereby maximize comfort). An A* type method is used to create a Pareto-optimal collection of piecewise linear trajectories while taking into account criteria that improve comfort. We conducted a study with human subjects touring a virtual museum, in which paths computed by our algorithm are compared against a reference RRT-based trajectory. Generally, users suffered less from VR sickness and preferred the paths created by the presented algorithm.
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters (RA-L)
Gut microbiomes from Gambian infants reveal the development of a non-industrialized Prevotella -based trophic network
Creators: name: De Goffau, Marcus C.
name: Jallow, Amadou T.
name: Sanyang, Chilel
name: Prentice, Andrew M.
name: Meagher, Niamh
name: Price, David J.
name: Revill, Peter A.
name: Parkhill, Julian
name: Pereira, Dora I. A.
name: Wagner, Josef
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/326/2565/855
/631/326/2565/2134
/45/23
/45/22
/45/77
article

description: Funder: MRC Unit The Gambia/MRC International Nutrition Group by the UK MRC and the UK Department for the International Development
description: Funder: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Grand Challenges New Interventions in Global Health award
description: Abstract: Distinct bacterial trophic networks exist in the gut microbiota of individuals in industrialized and non-industrialized countries. In particular, non-industrialized gut microbiomes tend to be enriched with Prevotella species. To study the development of these Prevotella-rich compositions, we investigated the gut microbiota of children aged between 7 and 37 months living in rural Gambia (616 children, 1,389 stool samples, stratified by 3-month age groups). These infants, who typically eat a high-fibre, low-protein diet, were part of a double-blind, randomized iron intervention trial (NCT02941081) and here we report the secondary outcome. We found that child age was the largest discriminating factor between samples and that anthropometric indices (collection time points, season, geographic collection site, and iron supplementation) did not significantly influence the gut microbiome. Prevotella copri, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Prevotella stercorea were, on average, the most abundant species in these 1,389 samples (35%, 11% and 7%, respectively). Distinct bacterial trophic network clusters were identified, centred around either P.stercorea or F.prausnitzii and were found to develop steadily with age, whereas P.copri, independently of other species, rapidly became dominant after weaning. This dataset, set within a critical gut microbial developmental time frame, provides insights into the development of Prevotella-rich gut microbiomes, which are typically understudied and are underrepresented in western populations.
An examination of female genital alteration as an international human rights violation
Creators: name: Herrington, Claudia S.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis explores female genital alteration as a human rights violation. Because this practice is embedded in the social framework of numerous African countries, a substantial portion of this study is devoted to its cultural underpinnings. To establish a perspective from which to understand female genital alteration, Isabelle Gunning's article is critiqued as a model. Drawing from this analysis, a tripartite approach is introduced to explain how eradication strategies could or have been formulated. Through the examination of the local, national, and international levels, it was concluded that implementing educational programs at the local level remains the most viable alternative in eradicating this practice. Though many agree that female genital alteration fundamentally contradicts human rights accorded to women and children, law--whether national or international--has proven inept and counter-effective. Eradication movements need to start locally, disseminate information through education, and include those who perpetuate the practice.
An examination of female genital alteration as an international human rights violation
Creators: name: Herrington, Claudia S.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440509
subject: Women's studies (incl. girls' studies)
classificationCode: 500104
subject: Human rights and justice issues (excl. law)

description: This thesis explores female genital alteration as a human rights violation. Because this practice is embedded in the social framework of numerous African countries, a substantial portion of this study is devoted to its cultural underpinnings. To establish a perspective from which to understand female genital alteration, Isabelle Gunning's article is critiqued as a model. Drawing from this analysis, a tripartite approach is introduced to explain how eradication strategies could or have been formulated. Through the examination of the local, national, and international levels, it was concluded that implementing educational programs at the local level remains the most viable alternative in eradicating this practice. Though many agree that female genital alteration fundamentally contradicts human rights accorded to women and children, law--whether national or international--has proven inept and counter-effective. Eradication movements need to start locally, disseminate information through education, and include those who perpetuate the practice.
Pycnomerus sinuatus Broun 1893
Creators: name: Lord, Nathan P.
name: Leschen, Richard A. B.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Zopheridae
Pycnomerus
Pycnomerus sinuatus

description: Pycnomerus sinuatus Broun, 1893
(Figs. 411–412)
 Pycnomerus sinuatus Broun, 1893b: 1094. Hutton 1904: 171. Hudson 1923: 370. Hetschko 1930: 63. Maddison 2010: 426.
 Type locality: Midhirst, near Mount Egmont.
 Broun number: 1945.
 Remarks: Broun did not mention the number of specimens examined. Two specimens were located in the BMNH Broun collection that matched this locality, and one was labeled as a variety. In order to stabilize this name, a lectotype is here designated from the material of Pycnomerus sinuatus.
 Type material examined: Lectotype (BMNH): card-mounted, “Type [round label with red border] // 1945. [in Broun’s hand] // Midhirst // New Zealand [red underline] Broun Coll. Brit. Mus. 1922-482. // Pycnomerus sinuatus [in Broun’s hand]”.
description: Published as part of Lord, Nathan P. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2014, Illustrated Catalogue and Type Designations of the New Zealand Zopheridae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea), pp. 1-127 in Zootaxa 3809 (1) on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3809.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4918362
Labor migration from the developing world to the advanced economies: A look at the changing global division of labor
Creators: name: Macek, Paul Frederick
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440403
subject: Labour, migration and development

description: This work explores the conditions under which post-World War II labor migration occurs between the developing world and the advanced economies. It argues that new patterns of economic activity, characterized by export-orientation, highly integrated transnational production structures, and industrial restructuring, favor conditions which at both collective and individual levels encourage migration. To illustrate these points, this paper examines social and economic transformations in Thailand and the City of Los Angeles. An analysis of the 1990 Census data coupled with selected interviews and a review of the literature on immigration reveal that: (1) the underlying social and economic foundations for migration within and emigration from Thailand stem from policies of the state and historic interaction between Thailand and the United States; and (2) the impact of economic restructuring on the Thai immigrant community in Los Angeles has placed them within the larger group of inner-city working poor.
Thermal Quantum Fields with Spatially Cut-off Interactions in 1+1 Space-time Dimensions
Creators: name: Gerard, Christian
name: Jaekel, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81T08, 82B21, 82 B31, 46L55

description: We construct interacting quantum fields in 1+1 space-time dimensions, representing charged or neutral scalar bosons at positive temperature and zero chemical potential. Our work is based on prior work by Klein and Landau and Hoegh-Krohn. Generalized path space methods are used to add a spatially cut-off interaction to the free system, which is described in the Araki-Woods representation. It is shown that the interacting KMS state is normal w.r.t. the Araki-Woods representation. The observable algebra and the modular conjugation of the interacting system are shown to be identical to the ones of the free system and the interacting Liouvillean is described in terms of the free Liouvillean and the interaction.
Super slowing down in the bond-diluted Ising model
Creators: name: Zhong, Wei
name: Barkema, Gerard T.
name: Panja, Debabrata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In models in statistical physics, the dynamics often slows down tremendously near the critical point. Usually, the correlation time $τ$ at the critical point increases with system size $L$ in power-law fashion: $τ\sim L^z$, which defines the critical dynamical exponent $z$. We show that this also holds for the 2D bond-diluted Ising model in the regime $p>p_c$, where $p$ is the parameter denoting the bond concentration, but with a dynamical critical exponent $z(p)$ which shows a strong $p$-dependence. Moreover, we show numerically that $z(p)$, as obtained from the autocorrelation of the total magnetisation, diverges when the percolation threshold $p_c=1/2$ is approached: $z(p)-z(1) \sim (p-p_c)^{-2}$. We refer to this observed extremely fast increase of the correlation time with size as {\it super slowing down}. Independent measurement data from the mean-square deviation of the total magnetisation, which exhibits anomalous diffusion at the critical point, supports this result.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. E
Labor migration from the developing world to the advanced economies: A look at the changing global division of labor
Creators: name: Macek, Paul Frederick
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This work explores the conditions under which post-World War II labor migration occurs between the developing world and the advanced economies. It argues that new patterns of economic activity, characterized by export-orientation, highly integrated transnational production structures, and industrial restructuring, favor conditions which at both collective and individual levels encourage migration. To illustrate these points, this paper examines social and economic transformations in Thailand and the City of Los Angeles. An analysis of the 1990 Census data coupled with selected interviews and a review of the literature on immigration reveal that: (1) the underlying social and economic foundations for migration within and emigration from Thailand stem from policies of the state and historic interaction between Thailand and the United States; and (2) the impact of economic restructuring on the Thai immigrant community in Los Angeles has placed them within the larger group of inner-city working poor.
Fractional flux periodicity in tori made of square lattice
Creators: name: Sasaki, K.
name: Kawazoe, Y.
name: Saito, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes a study on fractional flux periodicity of the ground state in planar systems made from a square lattice whose boundary is compacted into a torus. It is pointed out that, in the long length and large diameter limit of a torus, the ground-state energy and persistent currents show a fractional period of the fundamental unit of magnetic flux depending on the twist around the torus axis. We discuss the possible relationship between the twist and genus of a torus, and comment on fractional flux periodicity in a cylinder.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, added references and corrected typos (v2)
Improving local prevalence estimates of SARS-CoV-2 infections using a causal debiasing framework
Creators: name: Nicholson, George
name: Lehmann, Brieuc
name: Padellini, Tullia
name: Pouwels, Koen B.
name: Jersakova, Radka
name: Lomax, James
name: King, Ruairidh E.
name: Mallon, Ann-Marie
name: Diggle, Peter J.
name: Richardson, Sylvia
name: Blangiardo, Marta
name: Holmes, Chris
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/692/308/174
/692/699/255/2514
article

description: Funder: Oxford University | Jesus College, University of Oxford; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000645
description: Funder: Joint Biosecurity Centre
description: Abstract: Global and national surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 epidemiology is mostly based on targeted schemes focused on testing individuals with symptoms. These tested groups are often unrepresentative of the wider population and exhibit test positivity rates that are biased upwards compared with the true population prevalence. Such data are routinely used to infer infection prevalence and the effective reproduction number, Rt, which affects public health policy. Here, we describe a causal framework that provides debiased fine-scale spatiotemporal estimates by combining targeted test counts with data from a randomized surveillance study in the United Kingdom called REACT. Our probabilistic model includes a bias parameter that captures the increased probability of an infected individual being tested, relative to a non-infected individual, and transforms observed test counts to debiased estimates of the true underlying local prevalence and Rt. We validated our approach on held-out REACT data over a 7-month period. Furthermore, our local estimates of Rt are indicative of 1-week- and 2-week-ahead changes in SARS-CoV-2-positive case numbers. We also observed increases in estimated local prevalence and Rt that reflect the spread of the Alpha and Delta variants. Our results illustrate how randomized surveys can augment targeted testing to improve statistical accuracy in monitoring the spread of emerging and ongoing infectious disease.
Ideal Gas Stephani Universes
Creators: name: Coll, Bartolomé
name: Ferrando, Joan Josep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Stephani Universes that can be interpreted as an ideal gas evolving in local thermal equilibrium are determined, and the method to obtain the associated thermodynamic schemes is given
description: 6 pages
Incoherent $ρ$ meson photoproduction in ultraperipheral nuclear collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Guzey, V.
name: Kryshen, E.
name: Zhalov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Gribov-Glauber model for photon-nucleus scattering and a generalization of the vector meson dominance model for the hadronic structure of the photon, we make predictions for the cross section of incoherent $ρ$ photoproduction in Pb-Pb ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) in the Large Hadron Collider kinematics. We find that the effect of the inelastic nuclear shadowing is significant and leads to an additional 25% suppression of the incoherent cross section. Comparing our predictions to those of the STARlight Monte Carlo framework, we observe very significant differences.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Final published version
The nature of X-ray spectral variability in Seyfert Galaxies
Creators: name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Uttley, Philip
name: McHardy, Ian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a model-independent technique to investigate the nature of the 2-15 keV X-ray spectral variability in four Seyfert galaxies and distinguish between spectral pivoting and the two-component model for spectral variability. Our analysis reveals conclusively that the softening of the X-ray continuum with increasing flux in MCG -6-30-15 and NGC 3516 is a result of summing two spectral components: a soft varying component (SVC) with spectral shape independent of flux and a constant hard component (HCC). In contrast, the spectral variability in NGC 4051 can be well described by simple pivoting of one component, together with an additional hard constant component. The spectral variability model for NGC 5506 is ambiguous, due to the smaller range of fluxes sampled by the data. We investigate the shape of the hard spectral component in MCG -6-30-15 and find that it appears similar to a pure reflection spectrum, but requires a large reflected fraction (R>3). We briefly discuss physical interpretations of the different modes of spectral variability.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS letters
Is the Future of Malawi’s Pigeon Pea Industry at the Mercy of India? An Analysis of Malawi’s Pigeon Pea Value Chain
Creators: name: Nankhuni, Flora J.
name: Me-Nsope, Nathalie M.
name: Nankhuni, Flora J.
name: Me-Nsope, Nathalie M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Pigeon pea
subject: Value Chain
subject: Malawi

description: Key Findings • Pigeon pea production and yields have increased steadily over the years, making it the most important legume crop accounting for 35% of total legume production in Malawi, in 2016/17. • It is mostly grown in the Southern region of Malawi while crop suitability maps indicate that the Central and Northern regions are relatively more suitable. • The crop is grown on small pieces of land (on average 0.5 ha/household) and is mostly intercropped with maize. • Some of the constraints include: limited access by farmers to improved seed varieties partly due to limited availability of the seeds and limited access to financial resources to enable the farmers purchase the seeds; limited access to extension by farmers; pest and disease attacks that are not managed; low farm gate prices, and limited access to markets. • India is the largest importer of pigeon pea from Malawi. However, data is not available to show how much of the crop crosses Zambia, Tanzania and/or Mozambique borders through informal trade. • In 2016/17 prices of pigeon pea plummeted (from a high of Mk 1,000/kg (>$1) in some markets to as low as ~Mk 100/kg in some markets in 2018. This is partly due to a ban on imports into India. Despite this, pigeon pea hactarege is estimated to decrease by only 9.2% and production by 10.8% in 2017/18 season. • To strengthen the pigeon pea value chain, Malawi needs to invest in the seed and extension systems, strengthen farmer organizations, secure the India market through diplomacy, diversify the export market and create demand within the country.