cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effects of an ephedrine/caffeine mixture on obese humans
Creators: name: Ranallo, Romolo Fausto
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Several studies have shown that a mixture consisting of ephedrine, a β-agonist, and caffeine, an adenosine antagonist, has the ability to stimulate thermogenesis in humans, and thus offer a treatment for obesity. However, most studies have also included a very low calorie diet and sometimes exercise in addition to the ephedrine/caffeine combination. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of weight loss achievable using the ephedrine/caffeine mixture without controlling for diet and exercise. In a double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over, repeated measures design, 20 obese subjects were administered a mixture containing ephedrine (20 mg), and caffeine (200 mg) or placebo, t.i.d. for 8 weeks. Body weight, resting metabolic rate (RMR), waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and sum of girths were measured. Fourteen subjects completed the study: 1 withdrew because of lack of interest; 1 encountered food poisoning; and 4 were dropped because of missed follow-up appointments. The treatment was well tolerated and side effects were transient. The most common side effects were insomnia and tremor. Withdrawal symptoms included headaches and tiredness. Change in body weight was -2.8 ± 2.4 kg (mean ± SD) after ephedrine/caffeine treatment and 0.5 ± 1.1 kg after placebo treatment (p<0.001). Body Mass Index (BMI) was 33.0 ± 5.4 kg/m² after treatment and 33.8 ± 5.9 kg/m² after placebo (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in RMR, WHR, and sum of girths. The results of this study show that an ephedrine/caffeine combination is able to promote weight loss without diet restriction and exercise.
Deep Representation Learning of Patient Data from Electronic Health Records (EHR): A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Si, Yuqi
name: Du, Jingcheng
name: Li, Zhao
name: Jiang, Xiaoqian
name: Miller, Timothy
name: Wang, Fei
name: Zheng, W. Jim
name: Roberts, Kirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Patient representation learning refers to learning a dense mathematical representation of a patient that encodes meaningful information from Electronic Health Records (EHRs). This is generally performed using advanced deep learning methods. This study presents a systematic review of this field and provides both qualitative and quantitative analyses from a methodological perspective. We identified studies developing patient representations from EHRs with deep learning methods from MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Digital Library, and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Xplore Digital Library. After screening 363 articles, 49 papers were included for a comprehensive data collection. We noticed a typical workflow starting with feeding raw data, applying deep learning models, and ending with clinical outcome predictions as evaluations of the learned representations. Specifically, learning representations from structured EHR data was dominant (37 out of 49 studies). Recurrent Neural Networks were widely applied as the deep learning architecture (LSTM: 13 studies, GRU: 11 studies). Disease prediction was the most common application and evaluation (31 studies). Benchmark datasets were mostly unavailable (28 studies) due to privacy concerns of EHR data, and code availability was assured in 20 studies. We show the importance and feasibility of learning comprehensive representations of patient EHR data through a systematic review. Advances in patient representation learning techniques will be essential for powering patient-level EHR analyses. Future work will still be devoted to leveraging the richness and potential of available EHR data. Knowledge distillation and advanced learning techniques will be exploited to assist the capability of learning patient representation further.
Particle scattering in loop quantum gravity
Creators: name: Modesto, Leonardo
name: Rovelli, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We devise a technique for defining and computing n-point functions in the context of a background-independent gravitational quantum field theory. We construct a tentative implementation of this technique in a perturbatively-finite loop/spinfoam model.
description: 4 pages
Coherent Network Detection of Gravitational Waves: The Redundancy Veto
Creators: name: Wen, Linqing
name: Schutz, Bernard F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A network of gravitational wave detectors is called redundant if, given the direction to a source, the strain induced by a gravitational wave in one or more of the detectors can be fully expressed in terms of the strain induced in others in the network. Because gravitational waves have only two polarizations, any network of three or more differently oriented interferometers with similar observing bands is redundant. For LISA, this ``null'' output is known as the Sagnac mode, and its use in discriminating between detector noise and a cosmological gravitational wave background is well understood [1][2]. But the usefulness of the null veto for ground-based detector networks has been ignored until now. We show that it should make it possible to discriminate in a model-independent way between real gravitational waves and accidentally coincident non-Gaussian noise ``events'' in redundant networks of two or more broadband detectors (e.g, three LIGO detectors and GEO). It has been shown that with three detectors, the null output can be used to locate the direction to the source, and then two other linear combinations of detector outputs give the optimal ``coherent'' reconstruction of the two polarization components of the signal. We discuss briefly the implementation of such a detection strategy in realistic networks.
description: Accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity special edition for proceedings of GWDAW 9, Annecy, France, December 2004
'Honest, Fair, Transparent and Timely'? Experiences of Australians Who Make Claims on Their Building, Home Contents or Comprehensive Car Insurance Policies
Creators: name: BOUROVA, EVGENIA
name: RAMSAY, IAN
name: ALI, PAUL
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In Australia, building, home contents and comprehensive car insurance are regarded as ‘essential’ financial products. Yet the limited research on the experiences of consumers who claim against these policies highlights problems with claims handling by insurers, who are required under the General Insurance Code of Practice (2014) to decide claims in an ‘honest, fair, transparent and timely manner’. These problems are especially apparent in the aftermath of natural disasters, and include inappropriate investigation practices and delays that exacerbate financial hardship for policyholders. In this article, we analyse the findings of our survey of policyholders who recently made claims on building, home contents or comprehensive car insurance policies. We show that while most claims are accepted, excessive resolution times, poor communication and problematic investigation practices by insurers make the claims process burdensome and overwhelming for a significant minority of policyholders. Our findings indicate substantial levels of exposure to financial loss for policyholders who accept cash settlements and problems with transparency surrounding withdrawn or cancelled claims. Our findings highlight issues with compliance with the legal frameworks governing insurance claims, as well as gaps in consumer protection that should be addressed in expectation of more frequent extreme weather events in the coming decades.
Optimization and Growth in First-Passage Resetting
Creators: name: De Bruyne, B.
name: Randon-Furling, J.
name: Redner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine the processes of resetting and first-passage to define \emph{first-passage resetting}, where the resetting of a random walk to a fixed position is triggered by a first-passage event of the walk itself. In an infinite domain, first-passage resetting of isotropic diffusion is non-stationary, with the number of resetting events growing with time as $\sqrt{t}$. We calculate the resulting spatial probability distribution of the particle analytically, and also obtain this distribution by a geometric path decomposition. In a finite interval, we define an optimization problem that is controlled by first-passage resetting; this scenario is motivated by reliability theory. The goal is to operate a system close to its maximum capacity without experiencing too many breakdowns. However, when a breakdown occurs the system is reset to its minimal operating point. We define and optimize an objective function that maximizes the reward (being close to maximum operation) minus a penalty for each breakdown. We also investigate extensions of this basic model to include delay after each reset and to two dimensions. Finally, we study the growth dynamics of a domain in which the domain boundary recedes by a specified amount whenever the diffusing particle reaches the boundary after which a resetting event occurs. We determine the growth rate of the domain for the semi-infinite line and the finite interval and find a wide range of behaviors that depend on how much the recession occurs when the particle hits the boundary.
description: 31 pages in IOP format, 7 figures. Version 2: various additions and corrections; for publication in JSTAT
Faster State Preparation across Quantum Phase Transition Assisted by Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Guo, Shuai-Feng
name: Chen, Feng
name: Liu, Qi
name: Xue, Ming
name: Chen, Jun-Jie
name: Cao, Jia-Hao
name: Mao, Tian-Wei
name: Tey, Meng Khoon
name: You, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An energy gap develops near quantum critical point of quantum phase transition in a finite many-body (MB) system, facilitating the ground state transformation by adiabatic parameter change. In real application scenarios, however, the efficacy for such a protocol is compromised by the need to balance finite system life time with adiabaticity, as exemplified in a recent experiment that prepares three-mode balanced Dicke state near deterministically [PNAS {\bf 115}, 6381 (2018)]. Instead of tracking the instantaneous ground state as unanimously required for most adiabatic crossing, this work reports a faster sweeping policy taking advantage of excited level dynamics. It is obtained based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) from a multi-step training scheme we develop. In the absence of loss, a fidelity $\ge 99\%$ between prepared and the target Dicke state is achieved over a small fraction of the adiabatically required time. When loss is included, training is carried out according to an operational benchmark, the interferometric sensitivity of the prepared state instead of fidelity, leading to better sensitivity in about half of the previously reported time. Implemented in a Bose-Einstein condensate of $\sim 10^4$ $^{87}$Rb atoms, the balanced three-mode Dicke state exhibiting an improved number squeezing of $13.02\pm0.20$ dB is observed within 766 ms, highlighting the potential of DRL for quantum dynamics control and quantum state preparation in interacting MB systems.
description: 6 + 11 pages, 3 + 8 figures
Primordial Non-Gaussianity from Biased Tracers: Likelihood Analysis of Real-Space Power Spectrum and Bispectrum
Creators: name: Dizgah, Azadeh Moradinezhad
name: Biagetti, Matteo
name: Sefusatti, Emiliano
name: Desjacques, Vincent
name: Noreña, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming galaxy redshift surveys promise to significantly improve current limits on primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) through measurements of 2- and 3-point correlation functions in Fourier space. However, realizing the full potential of this dataset is contingent upon having both accurate theoretical models and optimized analysis methods. Focusing on the local model of PNG, parameterized by $f_{\rm NL}$, we perform a Monte-Carlo Markov Chain analysis to confront perturbation theory predictions of the halo power spectrum and bispectrum in real space against a suite of N-body simulations. We model the halo bispectrum at tree-level, including all contributions linear and quadratic in $f_{\rm NL}$, and the halo power spectrum at 1-loop, including tree-level terms up to quadratic order in $f_{\rm NL}$ and all loops induced by local PNG linear in $f_{\rm NL}$. Keeping the cosmological parameters fixed, we examine the effect of informative priors on the linear non-Gaussian bias parameter on the statistical inference of $f_{\rm NL}$. A conservative analysisof the combined power spectrum and bispectrum, in which only loose priors are imposed and all parameters are marginalized over, can improve the constraint on $f_{\rm NL}$ by more than a factor of 5 relative to the power spectrum-only measurement. Imposing a strong prior on $b_ϕ$, or assuming bias relations for both $b_ϕ$ and $b_{ϕδ}$ (motivated by a universal mass function assumption), improves the constraints further by a factor of few. In this case, however, we find a significant systematic shift in the inferred value of $f_{\rm NL}$ if the same range of wavenumber is used. Likewise, a Poisson noise assumption can lead to significant systematics, and it is thus essential to leave all the stochastic amplitudes free.
Financial and Structural Characteristics of CRP Enrollees, 1991
Creators: name: Dodson, Charles
name: McElroy, Bob
name: Dodson, Charles
name: McElroy, Bob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Conservation Reserve Program
subject: farm financial characteristics
subject: Farm Costs and Returns Survey

description: Farms with CRP enrollment, about 9 percent of all farms, were indicated to be more profitable, more efficient in terms of cost, and larger in terms of annual sales and acres operated than non-CRP enrollees. Almost one-third of CRP payments made to farm businesses went to farms reporting no production (whole-farm enrollees). Whole-farm enrollees represented about one-third of all CRP enrollees. Operators of these farms were older than average, supplied little operator labor, did not consider farming as their primary occupation, and received most of their household income from off-farm sources. Also, these operators had little investment in equipment or livestock and relied on the CRP for a large share of their gross cash farm income. In contrast, farm operators reporting production (part-farm enrollees) were more likely to consider farming as their primary occupation, and received most of their household income from farming. Impacts on farm-level income of the elimination of CRP depend largely on the ability of the operator to generate income from these acres. Whole-farm enrollees were more sensitive to program changes.
'Honest, Fair, Transparent and Timely'? Experiences of Australians Who Make Claims on Their Building, Home Contents or Comprehensive Car Insurance Policies (Advance)
Creators: name: BOUROVA, EVGENIA
name: RAMSAY, IAN
name: ALI, PAUL
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In Australia, building, home contents and comprehensive car insurance are regarded as ‘essential’ financial products. Yet the limited research on the experiences of consumers who claim against these policies highlights problems with claims handling by insurers, who are required under the General Insurance Code of Practice (2014) to decide claims in an ‘honest, fair, transparent and timely manner’. These problems are especially apparent in the aftermath of natural disasters, and include inappropriate investigation practices and delays that exacerbate financial hardship for policyholders. In this article, we analyse the findings of our survey of policyholders who recently made claims on building, home contents or comprehensive car insurance policies. We show that while most claims are accepted, excessive resolution times, poor communication and problematic investigation practices by insurers make the claims process burdensome and overwhelming for a significant minority of policyholders. Our findings indicate substantial levels of exposure to financial loss for policyholders who accept cash settlements and problems with transparency surrounding withdrawn or cancelled claims. Our findings highlight issues with compliance with the legal frameworks governing insurance claims, as well as gaps in consumer protection that should be addressed in expectation of more frequent extreme weather events in the coming decades.
Advanced cue utilization of soccer goalkeepers during penalty kicks
Creators: name: Hanvey, Tod
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Two separate experiments were conducted to investigate the role of anticipation during the penalty kick in soccer. Experiment I examined the ability of experienced soccer coaches to anticipate the direction of the ball during a penalty kick. The subjects were randomly placed into either a control or experimental group. Each subject viewed 100 video simulations of penalty kicks during which reaction time, movement time, and response accuracy were assessed. The experimental group was instructed to recognize a single, reliable "advanced response" cue which would allow them to predict shot location more accurately than the control group. Both groups viewed 100 additional video simulations and the three same measures were compared to the results from the first 100 trials. Results indicated that the experimental group displayed a significantly higher response accuracy in the second set of trials, while the control groups' performance did not change significantly. This study demonstrated that an ability to recognize valid and reliable, advanced response cues leads to a greater prediction accuracy of shot direction. Experiment II was designed as a visual training program intended to improve soccer goalkeepers' performance during the penalty kick situation. Eight expert goalkeepers were first assessed on their ability to stop penalty kicks in an actual field setting. The subjects were then visually trained to recognize a reliable, advanced response cue which would allow them to more accurately predict the direction of the penalty shot. The program was designed to reduce the time goalkeepers spend identifying response cues and decrease their response time to a level where they could consistently predict the direction of the ball. The goalkeepers were then given a post-training assessment of their shot stopping ability, to determine if the visual training transferred to improved penalty kick performance. Results indicated that subjects improved their ability to predict shot direction through the utilization of the response cue, "placement of the non-kicking foot". Subjects ability to predict shot direction increased significantly during the laboratory training. This increased predictive ability was also evident in both the transfer task and the post-training assessment during the penalty kick situation.
A giant central red disk galaxy at redshift $z=0.76$: challenge to theories of galaxy formation
Creators: name: Xu, Kun
name: Liu, Chengze
name: Jing, Yipeng
name: Sawicki, Marcin
name: Gwyn, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a giant red central disk galaxy in the XMM-LSS north region. The region is covered with a rich variety of multiband photometric and spectroscopic observations. Using the photometric data of the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey (CFHTLS) and spectroscopic observation of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), we find that the galaxy has a stellar mass of $\sim 10^{11.6}$ times of the solar mass $M_\odot$. The galaxy has a red color and has an old stellar population, and thus its star formation has stopped. With the photometric image data of Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Subaru Strategic Program, we demonstrate that its luminosity profile is perfectly described by a Sérsic form with $n=1.22$ indicating disk morphology. We also analyze its environment based on the VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS) photometric catalog, and find that its close neighbors are all less massive, indicating that our observed galaxy is sitting at the center of its host halo. Existence of the giant red central disk galaxy seriously challenges the current standard paradigm of galaxy formation, as there is no known physical mechanism to explain the quenching of its star formation. This conclusion is supported by state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in SCPMA
Transport on randomly evolving trees
Creators: name: Pal, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time process of transport on randomly evolving trees is investigated. By introducing the notions of living and dead nodes a model of random tree evolution is constructed which describes the spreading in time of objects corresponding to nodes. By using the method of the age-dependent branching processes we derive the joint distribution function of the number of living and dead nodes, and determine the correlation between these node numbers as a function of time. Also analyzed are the stochastic properties of the end-nodes; and the correlation between the numbers of living and dead end-nodes is shown to change its character suddenly at the very beginning of the evolution process. The survival probability of random trees is investigated and expressions are derived for this probability.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures, published in Phys. Rev. E 72, 051101 (2005)
MRPC performance evaluation in a heavy ion beam test at GSI
Creators: name: Deppner, I.
name: Herrmann, N.
name: Loizeau, P.
name: Simon, C.
name: Söhngen, Y.
name: Ciobanu, M.
name: Frühauf, J.
name: Kis, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Searching for modified gravity with baryon oscillations: from SDSS to wide field multiobject spectroscopy (WFMOS)
Creators: name: Yamamoto, Kazuhiro
name: Bassett, Bruce A.
name: Nichol, Robert C.
name: Suto, Yasushi
name: Yahata, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) signatures in the galaxy power spectrum can distinguish between modified gravity and the cosmological constant as the source of cosmic acceleration. To this end we consider a model characterized by a parameter $n$, which corresponds to the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model if $n=2$ and reduces to the standard spatially flat cosmological constant concordance model for $n$ equal to infinity. We find that the different expansion histories of the modified gravity models systematically shifts the peak positions of BAO. A preliminary analysis using the current SDSS LRG sample indicates that the original DGP model is disfavored unless the matter density parameter exceeds 0.3. The constraints will be strongly tightened with future spectroscopic samples of galaxies at high redshifts. We demonstrate that WFMOS, in collaboration with other surveys such as Planck, will powerfully constrain modified gravity alternatives to dark energy as the explanation of cosmic acceleration.
description: Physical Review D, in press
title: Working Together for Working Lands: Knowledge Braiding and Adaptive Capacity at the Confluence of Rangelands, Climate Adaptation, and Watershed Stewardship
Creators: name: Munger, William Wesley
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2024

description: Working lands are a mosaic that hold critical opportunities for biodiversity, rural community wellbeing, and climate change adaptation. This landscape mosaic is made up of public lands, tribal lands, and private ranches, farms, and forests. The current era of ecological restoration and climate adaptation requires engaging in working lands conservation because the most promising strategies require working across multiple ownership boundaries. This dissertation argues that supporting working lands conservation, climate adaptation, and ecological restoration is a joint venture. Building adaptive capacity for climate change involves both social and ecological components. Adaptive capacity consists of building social collaborative capacity and ecological health and integrity. The key to successful working lands conservation is understanding the deep interconnections between nature and people, that local relationships matter, and that flexibility and adaptability are essential. This dissertation explores how collaborative transdisciplinary science and the braiding together of plural knowledge systems can help improve social and ecological outcomes of conservation, restoration, and climate adaptation projects at the intersection of watershed and range management. The dissertation is based on two case studies: the Watershared conservation incentive program in Bolivia and the Wuda Ogwa ecological restoration project led by the Northwestern Band of the Shoshone Nation. In the case of Watershared, I used mixed methods including survey data, interviews and participant observation. In the first chapter, I show how cattle ranching contributes to local livelihoods and how participating in the Watershared program is associated with changes in range management practices. In the second chapter, I show how a relational approach to care-based stewardship is engendered by conservation program field staff attuned to local agency, care, and knowledge. In the third chapter, I reflect on lessons learned from transdisciplinary coproduced research conducted in partnership with the Wuda Ogwa ecological restoration project. Both case studies provide insight on how to work together on working landscapes by braiding together plural knowledges, designing relevant incentive structures that support intergenerational stewardship, and building the collaborative capacity to adapt to a changing climate.
'Learning on the ground' : five australian officials and asian decolonisation, 1945-1950
Creators: name: Fettling, David
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2015

description: Between 1945 and 1950, five Australian officials were tasked with formulating responses to the seismic transformations in the Asian region as the European colonial system disintegrated and nationalism rose in its stead. As representatives of the Australian government their role was ostensibly clear: to assess situations, advise their government and convey its priorities, and exert whatever influence they could on developments. Yet they were operating in an inchoate, still-professionalizing period in Australian foreign policy as well as a time when regional events were unsettled and fast-evolving. These officials' personal engagement, therefore, assumes particular importance in evaluating both the nature of Australia's diplomatic encounter with the 'new Asia' and the broader ways in which Australians comprehended such change. This thesis centres on assessments of the ways each of these figures understood and undertook their tasks, the negotiations, judgements and relationships they were drawn into, and the ways in which their work and experience informs our understanding of this crucial period in the evolution of Australian international engagement.
Cosmic-ray and in-beam tests of 100 Ohm transmission line MGMSRPC prototype developed for the inner zone of CBM-TOF
Creators: name: Petris, M.
name: Aprodu, V.
name: Bartos, D.
name: Bercuci, A.
name: Caragheorgheopol, A.
name: Constantin, F.
name: Duta, V.
name: Petrovici, M.
name: Prodan, L.
name: Radu, A.
name: Radulescu, L.
name: Simion, V.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Ultra-fast model emulation with PRISM; analyzing the Meraxes galaxy formation model
Creators: name: van der Velden, Ellert
name: Duffy, Alan R.
name: Croton, Darren
name: Mutch, Simon J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the potential of an emulator-based approach to analyzing galaxy formation models in the domain where constraining data is limited. We have applied the open-source Python package PRISM to the galaxy formation model Meraxes. Meraxes is a semi-analytic model, purposefully built to study the growth of galaxies during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Constraining such models is however complicated by the scarcity of observational data in the EoR. PRISM's ability to rapidly construct accurate approximations of complex scientific models using minimal data is therefore key to performing this analysis well. This paper provides an overview of our analysis of Meraxes using measurements of galaxy stellar mass densities; luminosity functions; and color-magnitude relations. We demonstrate the power of using PRISM instead of a full Bayesian analysis when dealing with highly correlated model parameters and a scarce set of observational data. Our results show that the various observational data sets constrain Meraxes differently and do not necessarily agree with each other, signifying the importance of using multiple observational data types when constraining such models. Furthermore, we show that PRISM can detect when model parameters are too correlated or cannot be constrained effectively. We conclude that a mixture of different observational data types, even when they are scarce or inaccurate, is a priority for understanding galaxy formation and that emulation frameworks like PRISM can guide the selection of such data.
description: 19 pages, 120 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS
Lithographic integration of Aluminum read-out traces on CVD diamond for the CBM micro vertex detector
Creators: name: Müntz, C.
name: Bialas, N.
name: Koziel, M.
name: Stroth, J.
name: Weirich, R.
name: Visinka, R.
name: Meier, A.
name: Völklein, F.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
A Functional Wavelet-Kernel Approach for Continuous-time Prediction
Creators: name: Antoniadis, Anestis
name: Paparoditis, Efstathios
name: Sapatinas, Theofanis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the prediction problem of a continuous-time stochastic process on an entire time-interval in terms of its recent past. The approach we adopt is based on functional kernel nonparametric regression estimation techniques where observations are segments of the observed process considered as curves. These curves are assumed to lie within a space of possibly inhomogeneous functions, and the discretized times series dataset consists of a relatively small, compared to the number of segments, number of measurements made at regular times. We thus consider only the case where an asymptotically non-increasing number of measurements is available for each portion of the times series. We estimate conditional expectations using appropriate wavelet decompositions of the segmented sample paths. A notion of similarity, based on wavelet decompositions, is used in order to calibrate the prediction. Asymptotic properties when the number of segments grows to infinity are investigated under mild conditions, and a nonparametric resampling procedure is used to generate, in a flexible way, valid asymptotic pointwise confidence intervals for the predicted trajectories. We illustrate the usefulness of the proposed functional wavelet-kernel methodology in finite sample situations by means of three real-life datasets that were collected from different arenas.
Shape noise and dispersion in precision weak lensing
Creators: name: Gurri, Pol
name: Taylor, Edward N.
name: Fluke, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the first measurements from precision weak lensing (PWL): a new methodology for measuring individual galaxy-galaxy weak lensing through velocity information. Our goal is to understand the observed shear distribution from PWL, which is broader than can be explained by the statistical measurement errors. We identify two possible sources of scatter to explain the observed distribution: a shape noise term associated with the underlying assumption of circular stable rotation, and an astrophysical signal consistent with a log-normal dispersion around the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR). We have modelled the observed distribution as the combination of these two factors and quantified their most likely values given our data. For the current sample, we measure an effective shape noise of $σ_γ= 0.024 \pm 0.007$, highlighting the low noise impact of the method and positioning PWL as $\sim 10$ times more precise than conventional weak lensing. We also measure an average dispersion in shears of $ξ_γ= 0.53^{+0.26}_{-0.28}$\,dex over the range of $8.5 < \log M_\star < 11$. This measurement is higher than expected, which is suggestive of a relatively high dispersion in halo mass and/or profile.
Free running acquisition system for Transition Radiation Detectors - in beam tests -
Creators: name: Constantin, F.
name: Bartos, D.
name: Bercuci, A.
name: Caragheorgheopol, G.
name: Catanescu, V.
name: Petris, M.
name: Petcu, M.
name: Petrovici, M.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Construction and test of a new CBM-TRD prototype in Frankfurt
Creators: name: Tanha, M.
name: Amend, W.
name: Appelshäuser, H.
name: Arend, A.
name: Arend, A.
name: Blume, C.
name: Dillensenger, P.
name: Gläßel, S.
name: Roether, F.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
EEG Channel Interpolation Using Deep Encoder-decoder Netwoks
Creators: name: Saba-Sadiya, Sari
name: Alhanai, Tuka
name: Liu, Taosheng
name: Ghassemi, Mohammad M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Electrode "pop" artifacts originate from the spontaneous loss of connectivity between a surface and an electrode. Electroencephalography (EEG) uses a dense array of electrodes, hence "popped" segments are among the most pervasive type of artifact seen during the collection of EEG data. In many cases, the continuity of EEG data is critical for downstream applications (e.g. brain machine interface) and requires that popped segments be accurately interpolated. In this paper we frame the interpolation problem as a self-learning task using a deep encoder-decoder network. We compare our approach against contemporary interpolation methods on a publicly available EEG data set. Our approach exhibited a minimum of ~15% improvement over contemporary approaches when tested on subjects and tasks not used during model training. We demonstrate how our model's performance can be enhanced further on novel subjects and tasks using transfer learning. All code and data associated with this study is open-source to enable ease of extension and practical use. To our knowledge, this work is the first solution to the EEG interpolation problem that uses deep learning.
Non-relativistic Geometry and the Equivalence Principle
Creators: name: Kapustin, Anton
name: Touraev, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a geometric and symmetry-based formulation of the equivalence principle in non-relativistic physics. It applies both on the classical and quantum levels and states that the Newtonian potential can be eliminated in favor of a curved and time-dependent spatial metric. It is this requirement that forces the gravitational mass to be equal to the inertial mass. We identify the symmetry responsible for the equivalence principle as the remnant of time-reparameterization symmetry of the relativistic theory. We also clarify the transformation properties of the Schroedinger wave-function under arbitrary changes of frame.
description: 11 pages. v2: version published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Understanding International Students' Professed Satisfaction with Underpaid Work in Australia
Creators: name: Reilly, Alexander
name: Howe, Joanna
name: Berg, Laurie
name: Farbenblum, Bassina
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Underpayment of international students is widespread and systemic in several industries in Australia. Recent studies have concluded that most do not complain or take action to address the underpayment and have identified a number of reasons why this is the case. One reason that has not been explored is that a substantial number of international students have expressed surprisingly high rates of satisfaction with their wages or their overall work in Australia despite receiving wages well below the legal minimum. This article explores data from two empirical studies conducted by the authors in which this was the case. It posits a range of hypotheses that may explain the students’ professed satisfaction, drawing on other data from the surveys and elsewhere. If it is accepted that Australia should not have a de facto second-tier labour force of international students, the challenge for regulators, unions and others becomes how to detect and enforce underpayment if workers are ‘satisfied’ and will not come forward to report or challenge their conditions. Deeper understanding of the drivers of international student satisfaction may also provide some opportunities to dispel misconceptions and motivate international students to address or avoid poor conditions.
Multiparticle angular correlations: a probe for the sQGP at RHIC
Creators: name: Holzmann, W. G.
name: Ajitanand, N. N.
name: Alexander, J. M.
name: Chung, P.
name: Issah, M.
name: Lacey, R. A.
name: Taranenko, A.
name: Shevel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel decomposition technique is used to extract the centrality dependence of di-jet properties and yields from azimuthal correlation functions obtained in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}}$=200 GeV. The width of the near-side jet shows very little dependence on centrality. In contrast, the away-side jet indicates substantial broadening as well as hints for for a local minimum at $Δϕ=π$ for central and mid-central events. The yield of jet-pairs (per trigger particle) slowly increases with centrality for both the near- and away-side jets. These observed features are compatible with several recent theoretical predictions of possible modifications of di-jet fragmentation by a strongly interacting medium. Several new experimental approaches, including the study of flavor permutation and higher order multi-particle correlations, that might help to distinguish between different theoretical scenarios are discussed.
description: Proceedings of the MIT workshop on correlations and fluctations
Mpemba effect in inertial suspensions
Creators: name: Takada, Satoshi
name: Hayakawa, Hisao
name: Santos, Andrés
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mpemba effect (a counterintuitive thermal relaxation process where an initially hotter system may cool down to the steady state sooner than an initially colder system) is studied in terms of a model of inertial suspensions under shear. The relaxation to a common steady state of a suspension initially prepared in a quasi-equilibrium state is compared with that of a suspension initially prepared in a nonequilibrium sheared state. Two classes of Mpemba effect are identified, the normal and the anomalous one. The former is generic, in the sense that the kinetic temperature starting from a cold nonequilibrium sheared state is overtaken by the one starting from a hot quasi-equilibrium state, due to the absence of initial viscous heating in the latter, resulting in a faster initial cooling. The anomalous Mpemba effect is opposite to the normal one since, despite the initial slower cooling of the nonequilibrium sheared state, it can eventually overtake an initially colder quasi-equilibrium state. The theoretical results based on kinetic theory agree with those obtained from event-driven simulations for inelastic hard spheres. It is also confirmed the existence of the inverse Mpemba effect, which is a peculiar heating process, in these suspensions. More particularly, we find the existence of a mixed process in which both heating and cooling can be observed during relaxation.
description: 28 pages, 20 figures
Understanding International Students' Professed Satisfaction with Underpaid Work in Australia (Advance)
Creators: name: Reilly, Alexander
name: Howe, Joanna
name: Berg, Laurie
name: Farbenblum, Bassina
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Underpayment of international students is widespread and systemic in several industries in Australia. Recent studies have concluded that most do not complain or take action to address the underpayment and have identified a number of reasons why this is the case. One reason that has not been explored is that a substantial number of international students have expressed surprisingly high rates of satisfaction with their wages or their overall work in Australia despite receiving wages well below the legal minimum. This article explores data from two empirical studies conducted by the authors in which this was the case. It posits a range of hypotheses that may explain the students’ professed satisfaction, drawing on other data from the surveys and elsewhere. If it is accepted that Australia should not have a de facto second-tier labour force of international students, the challenge for regulators, unions and others becomes how to detect and enforce underpayment if workers are ‘satisfied’ and will not come forward to report or challenge their conditions. Deeper understanding of the drivers of international student satisfaction may also provide some opportunities to dispel misconceptions and motivate international students to address or avoid poor conditions.
Construction and commissioning of a setup to study ageing phenomena in high rate gaseous detectors
Creators: name: Abuhoza, A.
name: Frankenfeld, U.
name: Hehner, J.
name: Schmidt, C. J.
name: Schmidt, H. R.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2015
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2014 - GSI Report 2015-1
Generally Applicable Formalism for Modeling the Observable Signatures of Inflows, Outflows, and Moving Coronal Plasma Close to Kerr Black Holes
Creators: name: Krawczynski, Henric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generally applicable formalism for modeling the emission, absorption, reflection, and reprocessing of radiation by moving plasma streams close to a Kerr Black hole. The formalism can be used to investigate the observational signatures of a wide range of phenomena, including: (i) the reflection of coronal X-ray radiation off plasma plunging from the inner edge of a black hole accretion disk towards the black hole; (ii) the reflection of coronal X-ray emission off the upper layers of a geometrically thick accretion flow; (iii) the illumination of the accretion disk by a corona moving with relativistic velocities towards or away from the accretion disk; (iv) the emission from a jet forming close to the black hole. After introducing the general relativistic treatment, we show the results for a fast wind forming close to a Kerr black hole. The approach presented here can be used to model X-ray spectral, timing, reverberation, and polarization data.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal; corrected typos in Equations 29-31
Новые геофизические свидетельства о глубинных корнях Енисей-Хатангского прогиба: к вопросу о его рифтогенной природе
Creators: name: Филиппов, Сергей
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Современный комплекс геофизических методов, используемый для изучения углеводородного (УВ) потенциала Енисей-Хатангского регионального прогиба (ЕХРП), обеспечивает информацию  об объектах первостепенного внимания нефтяников в мезозойском осадочном чехле, а также и о структурно-вещественных характеристиках более глубоких горизонтов [Афанасенков и др., 2018 и др.]. Знание глубинной архитектуры ЕХРП проливает свет на генезис и историю развития прогиба, а следовательно, и на закономерности формирования нефтегазовых месторождений, что необходимо для научного прогноза УВ [Кушнир, 2018; Андреев и др., 2021; Большаков и др., 2022].
Edge magnetic properties of black phosphorene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Vahedi, Javad
name: Peters, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic properties of black phosphorene nanoribbons are investigated using static and dynamical mean-field theory. Besides confirming the existence of ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic edge magnetism, our detailed calculations using large unit-cells find a phase-transition at weak interaction strength to an incommensurate (IC) magnetic phase. A detailed Fourier analysis of the magnetization patterns in the IC phase shows the existence of a second critical interaction strength, where the incommensurate phase changes to an antiferromagnetic (AFM) or ferromagnetic (FM) phase. We demonstrate that the difference of the ground state energies of the AFM and FM phase is exponentially small, making it possible to switch between both states by a small external field. Finally, we analyze the influence of strain and disorder on the magnetic properties and show that while the IC phase is robust to Anderson type disorder, it is fragile against strain.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures