cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nutrition therapy recommendations for the management of adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2013;36:3821-3842
Creators: name: Dunbar, S. A.
name: Franz, M. J.
name: Mayer-Davis, E. J.
name: Evert, A. B.
name: Verdi, C. L.
name: Cypress, M.
name: Neumiller, J. J.
name: Nwankwo, R.
name: Boucher, J. L.
name: Yancy, W. S.
name: Urbanski, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A healthful eating pattern, regular physical activity, and often pharmacotherapy are key components of diabetes management. For many individuals with diabetes, the most challenging part of the treatment plan is determining what to eat. It is the position of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) that there is not a “one-size-fits-all” eating pattern for individuals with diabetes. The ADA also recognizes the integral role of nutrition therapy in overall diabetes management and has historically recommended that each person with diabetes be actively engaged in self-management, education, and treatment planning with his or her health care provider, which includes the collaborative development of an individualized eating plan (1,2). Therefore, it is important that all members of the health care team be knowledgeable about diabetes nutrition therapy and support its implementation. This position statement on nutrition therapy for individuals living with diabetes replaces previous position statements, the last of which was published in 2008 (3). Unless otherwise noted, research reviewed was limited to those studies conducted in adults diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Nutrition therapy for the prevention of type 2 diabetes and for the management of diabetes complications and gestational diabetes mellitus is not addressed in this review. A grading system, developed by the ADA and modeled after existing methods, was utilized to clarify and codify the evidence that forms the basis for the recommendations (1) (Table 1). The level of evidence that supports each recommendation is listed after the recommendation using the letters A, B, C, or E. A table linking recommendations to evidence can be reviewed at http://professional.diabetes.org/nutrition. Members of the Nutrition Recommendations Writing Group Committee disclosed all potential financial conflicts of interest with industry. These disclosures were discussed at the onset of the position statement development process. Members of this committee, their employers, …
Self-Interacting Dark Matter through the Higgs Portal
Creators: name: Kouvaris, Chris
name: Shoemaker, Ian M.
name: Tuominen, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study self-interacting dark matter coupled to the Standard Model via the Higgs portal. We consider a scenario where dark matter is a thermal relic with strong enough self interactions that can alleviate the problems of collisionless cold dark matter. We study constraints from direct detection searches, the LHC, and Big Bang nucleosynthesis. We show that the tension between these constraints and the need for sufficiently strong self-interactions with light mediators can be alleviated by coupling the mediator to either active or sterile neutrinos. Future direct detection data offers great potential and can be used to find evidence of a light mediator and verify that dark matter scatters via long-range self-interactions.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
MPEC 2023-F220 : 2016 TR55
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
title: Investigating the management of gender equality within UNDP/UNFPA country offices in Jordan and Egypt: a frame analysis approach
Creators: name: Qursha, Evan
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: This thesis is a qualitative frame analysis approach investigating gender equality management in UNDP/UNFPA country offices in Jordan and Egypt. Moreover, this thesis conducted Nvivo (8) as an assisting approach in the analysis. Unlike other gender equality studies, this thesis is taking gender equality further than gender mainstreaming and equal opportunities and diversity. The systematic approach of the thesis is based on analyzing three sets of data, gender equality country analysis of Jordan and Egypt, UNDP/UNFPA perspectives of managing gender equality through selected policy reports, and finally the perspectives of the participants working within these offices towards managing gender equality. The field work consisted of nineteen semi-structured interviews in the selected country offices. The study limitations are centered on the researcher identity as an outsider of the UN and on the very limited literature on gender equality management especially within the UN. Alongside producing academic literature, this thesis suggested a systematic understanding to managing gender equality in UNDP/UNFPA selected country offices.
title: The incidence of cross-linked actin networks (CLANs)in the trabecular meshwork of the ageing eye
Creators: name: Pollock, Natalie
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: Cross-linked Actin Networks (CLANs) were first identified in bovine trabecular meshwork (BTM) cells in response to steroid treatment. Since then, work within our group has identified CLANs in human TM (HTM) cells and human tissue ex vivo. An alteration in the cytoskeleton of TM cells has been associated with changes in outflow facility and is a promising therapeutic target in glaucoma research. CLANs which are believed to make TM cells more rigid, were found in increase numbers in tissue from glaucomatous donors, but were also present in tissue from non-glaucomatous donors. This would indicate that CLAN formation is not merely a steroid response but may be triggered by changes within the outflow system. The current work set out to identify CLAN inducing agents present within the normal outflow system and questioned whether age-related changes within the anterior chamber could influence CLAN number in a similar manner to glaucoma. Investigating the influence of aqueous humor (AH) and some of its constituent growth factors on CLAN formation in both BTM and HTM cells revealed that AH itself was capable of inducing CLANs and that the main CLAN inducing agent present was TGF-β2. Conversely mitogenic growth factors (FGF and HGF) did not increase CLAN incidence and implicated that CLAN incidence was linked to cell shape change linked and therefore to function. In vitro analysis of CLANs in reference to donor age revealed that TGF-β2 could induce a higher percentage of CLANs in HTM cells from older donors compared to HTM cells derived from younger donors. Ex vivo analysis run in parallel demonstrated that CLAN incidence increased with increasing donor age.In order to identify how age-related stress within the TM environment influenced CLAN incidence cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide. In BTM cells pre-treatment for 1 hour was sufficient to significantly increase CLAN incidence. In further experiments it would seem that CLANs are not associated with apoptotic cells nor with senescent cells. The findings of this study indicate that CLANs can form when no glaucomatous pathology is detected and that changes in the extracellular environment can influence their formation. This is especial evident in older tissue.
Frontipodopsis reticulatifrons subsp. indicus Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Aturidae
Frontipodopsis
Frontipodopsis reticulatifrons
Frontipodopsis reticulatifrons indicus cook, 1967

description: Frontipodopsis reticulatifrons indicus Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Maharashtra—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Hyporheic interstitial.
Distribution: India, Sri Lanka.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 23, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Nutritional Factors and Preservation of C-Peptide in Youth With Recently Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes: SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study
Creators: name: Norris, J. M.
name: The, N.
name: Dolan, L.
name: King, I. B.
name: Lawrence, J. M.
name: Crandell, J. L.
name: Pihoker, C.
name: D'Agostino, R. B.
name: Crume, T.
name: Mayer-Davis, E. J.
name: Dabelea, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: OBJECTIVE To test the novel hypothesis that nutritional factors previously associated with type 1 diabetes etiology or with insulin secretion are prospectively associated with fasting C-peptide (FCP) concentration among youth recently diagnosed with type 1 diabetes.
title: Markov denumerable process and queue theory
Creators: name: Xu, Chongyuan
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: In this thesis, we study a modified Markovian batch-arrival and bulk- service queue including finite states for dependent control. We first consider the stopped batch-arrival and bulk-service queue process Q∗, which is the process with the restriction of the state-dependent control. After we obtain the expression of the Q∗-resolvent, the extinction probability and the mean extinction time are explored. Then, we apply a decomposition theorem to resume the stopped queue process back to our initial queueing model, that is to find the expression of Q-resolvent. After that, the criteria for the recurrence and ergodicity are also explored, and then, the generating function of equilibrium distribution is obtained. Additionally, the Laplace transform of the mean queue length is presented. The hitting time behaviors including the hitting probability and the hitting time distribution are also established. Furthermore, the busy period distribution is also obtained by the expression of Laplace transform. To conclude the discussion of the queue properties, a special case that m = 3 for our queueing model is discussed. Furthermore, we consider the decay parameter and decay properties of our initial queue process. First of all, similarly we consider the case of the stopped queue process Q∗. Based on this q-matrix, the exact value of the decay parameter λC is obtained theoretically. Then, we apply this result back to our initial queue model and find the decay parameter of our initial queueing model. More specifically, we prove that the decay parameter can be expressed accurately. After that, under the assumption of transient Q, the criteria for λC -recurrence are established. For λC -positive recurrent examples, the generating function of the λC-invariant measure and vector are explored. Finally, a simple example is provided to end this thesis.
Emission line tomography of the short period cataclysmic variables CC Scl and V2051 Oph
Creators: name: Longa-Peña, P.
name: Steeghs, D.
name: Marsh, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present time-series spectroscopy of two short period cataclysmic variables, CC Scl and V2051 Oph, to test the efficiency of Doppler tomography-based methods in constraining orbital parameters of evolved cataclysmic variables. We find that the Ca~II triplet lines offer superior diagnostics, revealing emission components from the mass donors and sharp images of the accretion discs. Furthermore, we use Monte-Carlo methods to estimate the uncertainties from ensembles of Doppler maps. We compare our new methods against traditional radial velocity methods and show that they offer a valid route towards system parameter determination. Our analysis of CC Scl suggests a low mass ratio of $q=0.08\pm0.03$ with a primary velocity of $K_1=37\pm14$ km/s. This mass ratio is in between the pre- and post-period minimum status, however our $K_1$ solution favours a post-period minimum system. Our derived parameters for V2051 Oph ($q= 0.16\pm 0.03$, $K_1=97\pm10$ km/s) are in agreement with the eclipse solution ($q=0.19\pm0.03$), offering a direct validation of our methods.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Chromatic monitoring of transformer oil condition using CCD camera technology
Creators: name: Elzagzoug, Ezzaldeen
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: Power transformers are essential components within the power distribution system. Transformer failures having a high economic impact on the distribution operators and the industrial and domestic customers. Dielectric mineral oil is used in transformers for electrical insulation between live parts, cooling and protection of the insulation papers in the transformer. Oil contamination and changes in the chemical structure of the oil result in the decay of insulation paper and reduced insulation and cooling which can lead to a transformer failure. The general approach to oil monitoring has been for an operator to examine the colour index (ASTM) of the oil, electrical strength, acidity, water contents and dissolved gas analysis results and form an opinion as to the extent of oil degradation. Chromatic techniques enable data from di↵erent sources to be combined to give an overall evaluation about the condition of a system being monitored. One of the main goals for this work was to use chromatic techniques for integrating the oil data from the di↵erent sources and sensors. In addition the chromatic approach enables liquids to be monitored optically so a second aim was to apply chromatic optical oil monitoring using portable system by transmitting polychro- matic light through the oil sample, which is contained in a transparent cuvette and imaged using a mobile phone camera. A number of oil samples were optically analysed with portable chromatic sys- tem and the optical data was compared with the colour index and chromatically companied with the dissolved gas and other oil data to give overall evaluation of oil degradation. The chromatic optical result compared favourably with the colour index. It was also possible to classify the oil samples chromatically into categories of low, medium and high degradation. This enabled the chromatic data combination approach to be implemented as a prototype system in Matlab software that an operator could use to get a classification of an oil sample. Essential experiment was introduced to monitor di↵erent oil particles by obtaining the result of di↵erent filtered samples through the filter paper. Beside the ability to analyse data and distinguish between fresh and contam- inated oil samples the chromatic technique has the ability to track the history of di↵erent degraded oil samples which can give an indication about failure faults and it could give a prediction of any future faults. Therefore a commercially viable reliable system can be developed to extend the service life and extend the maintenance schedules. These monitoring systems could lead to extending the service life of the transformers, making the electricity supply more reliable and giving the consumer a better quality of life.
title: Mediterranean Soils with Particular Reference to Archaeology
Creators: name: James, Peter
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Following a review ofthe Mediterranean environment and its development during the late Quaternary, eleven published papers, one paper in preparation, a book (which accompanies the thesis volume) and as yet unpublished data are presented on seven areas of the Mediterranean (in s Portugal, Sicily and Greece). The aims of the research are to consider methodologies in the study of .soils in relation to archaeology (including the relationships between soils, geomorphology and archaeology), and to consider questions of relevance to such research, including a number which have been raised, but not satisfactorily answered, in the wider literature on the Mediterranean. The research comes within the area of geoarchaeology. The studies presented cover a range of spatial scales: single soil profile and archaeological excavation context - the hillslope - river catchmentand broader region. General conclusions in respect of the questions raised include the following. 1. Significant differences in environment and soils occur between the Mediterranean and neighbouring regions arising particularly from climate, but also from other aspects of the environment and human history. Distinctively Mediterranean soils began forming in the Pleistocene or earlier; Holocene soils tend to be weakly de~eloped and similar to soils of cool temperate regions. 2. Geomorphological changes in the physical landscape during the Holocene are generally well defined, if not always well dated. 3. Evidence from much of the Mediterranean points to environmental resilience (an ability to recover from disturbance) rather than 'degradation', though some 20th and 21 st century land use pressures have caused changes that are probably significantly faster and possibly more severe than any during the Holocene. 4. The 'paradox' ofthe Mediterranean - much diversity within elements of strong regional conformity - may result in local factors in environmental change overriding major regional. In many cases, data are not available to permit more than speculation as to the relative importance of anthropogenic versus natural triggers of change during the last five millennia. Intensive, local studies are required to test assertions about major regional effects. 5. For its impact on the archaeological record, 'erosion' must be defined in terms of precise processes and their potential effects in the context of detailed conditions on the hillslope; analysis of valley alluvial sediments, though invaluable in the study of erosion history, cannot fully address these questions. 6. Geoarchaeological analysis requires close integration of archaeological, geomorphological and pedological analyses. Research applying soil information to archaeological diagnosis of excavation contexts also requires a closely integrated, multidisciplinary approach to sampling and analysis, and to intensive computer processing and advanced statistical methods of data analysis.
Effective field theory of the disordered Weyl semimetal
Creators: name: Altland, Alexander
name: Bagrets, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In disordered Weyl semimetals, mechanisms of topological origin lead to the protection against Anderson localization, and at the same time to different types of transverse electromagnetic response -- the anomalous Hall, and chiral magnetic effect. We here apply field theory methods to discuss the manifestation of these phenomena at length scales which are beyond the scope of diagrammatic perturbation theory. Specifically we show how an interplay of symmetry breaking and the chiral anomaly leads to a field theory containing two types of topological terms. Generating the unconventional response coefficients of the system, these terms remain largely unaffected by disorder, i.e. information on the chirality of the system remains visible even at large length scales.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Report on the Developed and Validated Underwater Thematic Services (Release #3)
Creators: name: Karantzalos, Konstantinos
name: Ntouskos, Makis
name: Chatzikian, Melkon
name: Mertikas, Panagiotis
name: Lampridou, Danai
name: Nomikou, Paraskevi
name: Quintana, Josep
name: Campos, Ricard
name: Wintersteller, Paul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Oceans & Geo Sciences
Bathymetry
Image Mosaicking
Multi-frequency analysis and sediment classification
3rd Release

description: This document reports on the 3rd release of the Underwater Services and the software underlying each service. This NEANIAS report, deliverable D2.8, comes out after the second thematic Underwater Services release, deliverable D2.7. The U1 service provides an advanced user-friendly, cloud-based version of the popular MB-System software, allowing processing bathymetric data through Jupyter Notebooks. The U2 [UW_MOS] service “Seafloor Mosaicking from Optical Data” delivers 2D/3D mosaics produced by a set of images and navigational data. The expected output is achieved by a processing pipeline based on in-house solutions and open-source libraries. Finally, the U3 [UW_MAP] service “Seabed Classification from Multispectral, Multibeam Data” provides an easy-to-use, cloud-based solution incorporating machine learning frameworks in order to identify different seabed classes. For each released service a point-of-access is provided, as well as the relevant documentation, which is organized under the NEANIAS documentation service at https://docs.neanias.eu/en/latest. This third services milestone also reports integration in U1-U3 of several NEANIAS core services, as an essential contribution to the TRL 8 level reached now. The core services integrated are the Logging and Accounting services, the AAI service and the Data Sharing service. The U2 and U3 services are also utilizing the Common UI (User Interface).1 In this deliverable, the progress and changes/enhancements made since the second release for each service are described, next to current scaling for growing user demands, dissemination and publication of products.
Personalized Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: Reflections from a Diabetes Care Editors' Expert Forum
Creators: name: Home, P. D.
name: DeFronzo, R.
name: Chan, J. C. N.
name: Buse, J. B.
name: Cefalu, W. T.
name: Leiter, L. A.
name: LeRoith, D.
name: Inzucchi, S. E.
name: Raz, I.
name: Del Prato, S.
name: Rosenstock, J.
name: Ferrannini, E.
name: Riddle, M. C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In June 2012, 13 thought leaders convened in a Diabetes Care Editors' Expert Forum to discuss the concept of personalized medicine in the wake of a recently published American Diabetes Association/European Association for the Study of Diabetes position statement calling for a patient-centered approach to hyperglycemia management in type 2 diabetes. This article, an outgrowth of that forum, offers a clinical translation of the underlying issues that need to be considered for effectively personalizing diabetes care. The medical management of type 2 diabetes has become increasingly complex, and its complications remain a great burden to individual patients and the larger society. The burgeoning armamentarium of pharmacological agents for hyperglycemia management should aid clinicians in providing early treatment to delay or prevent these complications. However, trial evidence is limited for the optimal use of these agents, especially in dual or triple combinations. In the distant future, genotyping and testing for metabolomic markers may help us to better phenotype patients and predict their responses to antihyperglycemic drugs. For now, a personalized ("n of 1") approach in which drugs are tested in a trial-and-error manner in each patient may be the most practical strategy for achieving therapeutic targets. Patient-centered care and standardized algorithmic management are conflicting approaches, but they can be made more compatible by recognizing instances in which personalized A1C targets are warranted and clinical circumstances that may call for comanagement by primary care and specialty clinicians.
title: Brief group therapy for psychosis in acute care
Creators: name: Forsey, Mary
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: Introduction Individual cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBTp) is a recommended treatment in the acute phase and beyond. However, less is known about the effectiveness of group CBTp in acute care. This mixed methods study explored the implementation and effectiveness of brief group CBTp with inpatients. Methods This prospective trial compared inpatients who received either a four week group CBTp program or treatment as usual (TAU). Participants (n=113 at baseline) completed self-report measures of distress, confidence and symptoms of psychosis at baseline, post-intervention and one month follow up. CBTp group participants also completed a brief open-ended satisfaction questionnaire. Results Participants who received CBTp showed significantly reduced distress at follow up compared to TAU and significantly increased confidence across the study and follow up period. Qualitative analysis of the satisfaction data revealed positive feedback with a number of specific themes. Conclusion The study demonstrates that brief group CBTp with inpatients can improve confidence and reduce distress in the longer term. Participants report that the groups are acceptable and helpful.
title: Questioning the principles of sustainable tourism development: a case study of Cocachimba, Peru
Creators: name: Raftopoulos, Malayna
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2014

description: With the emergence of the sustainable development paradigm in the 1980s and the growth of the travel industry it seemed inevitable that the two would coincide at one point or another. Emerging as a reaction to mass tourism and environmental destruction, sustainable tourism development is a combination of two main schools of thought; development theory and environmental sustainability. Once assumed to be a passing fad, two decades on the concept has gained widespread acceptance both within the academic circles and governments. Since the early 1990s, the sustainable tourism paradigm and its practical applicability has become the subject of much debate. Although it is widely acknowledged that sustainable tourism is impractical at macro level, it has long been thought that the principles of sustainable tourism development could be successfully applied at micro level. This thesis aims to contest this statement and demonstrate that small scale sustainable tourism development is just as unattainable. Drawing upon existing literature, it aims to weave together tourism and development theory and examine the links and discrepancies between the principles of sustainable tourism development and the wider framework of sustainable development. In doing so it reveals a number of fundamental weaknesses which undermine the viability of sustainable tourism development. In addition to examining the discrepancies and contradictions of the concept, the thesis also forms a link between the principles and practices of sustainable tourism development and a destinations area ‘life cycle’, thereby; providing a framework for its analysis. Using a sustainable tourism development cycle model (STDC), it will show how as a destination area passes through the various stages of tourism development it moves further away from the principles of sustainable development and consequently fails to meet the fundamental principles of sustainable development. Built upon and adapted from Butler’s (1980) ‘tourism area life cycle’ theory, the STDC model questions the sustainability of a tourism destination area and evaluates its progress in implementing the principles of sustainable tourism development as it evolves.
What is the orientation of the tip in a scanning tunneling microscope?
Creators: name: Mándi, Gábor
name: Teobaldi, Gilberto
name: Palotás, Krisztián
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a statistical correlation analysis method to obtain information on the local geometry and orientation of the tip used in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments based on large scale simulations. The key quantity is the relative brightness correlation of constant-current topographs between experimental and simulated data. This correlation can be analyzed statistically for a large number of modeled tip orientations and geometries. Assuming a stable tip during the STM scans and based on the correlation distribution, it is possible to determine the tip orientations that are most likely present in an STM experiment, and exclude other orientations. This is especially important for substrates such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) since its STM contrast is strongly tip dependent, which makes interpretation and comparison of STM images very challenging. We illustrate the applicability of our method considering the HOPG surface in combination with tungsten tip models of two different apex geometries and 18144 different orientations. We calculate constant-current profiles along the $<1\bar{1}00>$ direction of the HOPG(0001) surface in the $|V|\le 1$ V bias voltage range, and compare them with experimental data. We find that a blunt tip model provides better correlation with the experiment for a wider range of tip orientations and bias voltages than a sharp tip model. Such a combination of experiments and large scale simulations opens up the way for obtaining more detailed information on the structure of the tip apex and more reliable interpretation of STM data in the view of local tip geometry effects.
description: Progress in Surface Science, accepted for publication, 25 pages manuscript, 9 figures, abstract shortened
title: Limits on the Powers of the Charity Commission to Remove Charities from the Register
Creators: name: Grant Meakin, Robert
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate that it will be rarely the case that charities can be removed from the register and it will be even rarer for both the governing instrument ofa charity and its property to be removed. The research methods employed included a review of literature, case law and experience drawn from working as a lawyer at the Charity Commission from 1988-1993 and subsequently in private practice to the present day. In Chapter 6 documentary analysis was undertaken when examining the issue of removal from the register in the context of Charity Commission inquiries through an examination of inquiry reports over a two-year period between 2003-2004. The research methods used have been followed with a view to securing an upto- date objective analysis ofthe law as it relates to the removal of charities from the register and then an analysis of the Charity Commission's approach to the removal of charities from the register. The thesis is written on the basis that the Charities and Companies Acts 2006 have been implemented. Otherwise the law is stated as it exists on 1st October 2007.
Rationale and Design of the Glycemia Reduction Approaches in Diabetes: A Comparative Effectiveness Study (GRADE)
Creators: name: Buse, J. B.
name: Kahn, S. E.
name: Staten, M.
name: Larkin, M. E.
name: Nathan, D. M.
name: Lachin, J. M.
name: Krause-Steinrauf, H.
name: Wexler, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: OBJECTIVEThe epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) threatens to become the major public health problem of this century. However, a comprehensive comparison of the long-term effects of medications to treat T2DM has not been conducted. GRADE, a pragmatic, unmasked clinical trial, aims to compare commonly used diabetes medications, when combined with metformin, on glycemia-lowering effectiveness and patient-centered outcomes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSGRADE was designed with support from a U34 planning grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). The consensus protocol was approved by NIDDK and the GRADE Research Group. Eligibility criteria for the 5,000 metformin-treated subjects include <5 years' diabetes duration, ≥30 years of age at time of diagnosis, and baseline hemoglobin A1c (A1C) of 6.8–8.5% (51–69 mmol/mol). Medications representing four classes (sulfonylureas, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, and insulin) will be randomly assigned and added to metformin (minimum–maximum 1,000–2,000 mg/day). The primary metabolic outcome is the time to primary failure defined as an A1C ≥7% (53 mmol/mol), subsequently confirmed, over an anticipated mean observation period of 4.8 years (range 4–7 years). Other long-term metabolic outcomes include the need for the addition of basal insulin after a confirmed A1C >7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and, ultimately, the need to implement an intensive basal/bolus insulin regimen. The four drugs will also be compared with respect to selected microvascular complications, cardiovascular disease risk factors, adverse effects, tolerability, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.CONCLUSIONSGRADE will compare the long-term effectiveness of major glycemia-lowering medications and provide guidance to clinicians about the most appropriate medications to treat T2DM. GRADE begins recruitment at 37 centers in the U.S. in 2013.
Low-energy phonons and superconductivity in Sn$_{0.8}$In$_{0.2}$Te
Creators: name: Xu, Zhijun
name: Schneeloch, J. A.
name: Zhong, Ruidan
name: Rodriguez-Rivera, J. A.
name: Harriger, L.
name: Birgeneau, R. J.
name: Gu, Genda
name: Tranquada, J. M.
name: Xu, Guangyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present neutron scattering measurements on low-energy phonons from a superconducting ($T_{c} = 2.7$~K) Sn$_{0.8}$In$_{0.2}$Te single crystal sample. The longitudinal acoustic phonon mode and one transverse acoustic branch have been mapped out around the (002) Bragg peak for temperatures of 1.7 K and 4.2 K. We observe a substantial energy width of the transverse phonons at energies comparable to twice the superconducting gap; however, there is no change in this width between the superconducting and normal states. We also confirm that the compound is well ordered, with no indications of structural instability.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
title: Rural urban relationships : the search for the evidence base
Creators: name: Schulze Baing, Andreas
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: Town and countryside - these two spatial categories have long been at the focus of interest for planners. While traditionally the UK has seen a rather strict separation of rural and urban policies, this has been changing in recent years. Rural-urban relationships is a term that subsumes a variety of discussions both amongst academics and practitioners to aim at a more comprehensive rural-urban policy taking into account the various links between town and countryside. One of the difficult challenges though is to quantify in how far rural and urban areas are interlinked. Therefore the aim of this work is to analyse how and with which methods one can gain a better understanding of the nature and changes of rural-urban relationships using existing data sources. To achieve this aim, first the background of the debate about rural-urban relationships is investigated. This includes a brief historic overview of the rural-urban debate and a section investigating ways of defining rural and urban. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the more recent debate about rural-urban relationships. The focus is then put on the topics migration, commuting and economic change. After developing a methodological framework, this is tested in the final chapters on the national level of England, in the North West of England and in two case study local authority districts. Amongst others, the work investigates a number of analysis and visualisation methods that make use of the Census Special Workplace Statistics. This includes testing a variety of mapping methods. To gain a better understanding of the economic change on a small scale the migration patterns of businesses in two case study districts in the North West of England are investigated. This makes use of a commercial business population database that allows monitoring the movements of businesses. Finally the concluding chapter discusses how the findings of this work can support rural-urban relationships as a policy concept and where there is potential for further research. Supplied by The British Library - 'The world's knowledge'
Scientific Statement: Socioecological Determinants of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Sanchez, E.
name: Ratner, R. E.
name: Goley, A.
name: Peterson, G. E.
name: Galloway, J. M.
name: Aroda, V. R.
name: Hill, J. O.
name: Marrero, D. G.
name: Minners, R.
name: Montgomery, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In this article, we examine the socioecological determinants--the biological, geographic, and built environment factors--that influence risk for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. A socioecological perspective looks beyond the individual to evaluate a multitude of influences, from the surrounding home, work, school, and community environments to social determinants and the influence of public policy on individual behavior (1). Figure 1, adapted from the Institute of Medicine socioecological model of childhood obesity, provides a good framework for understanding potential socioecological determinants of risk for type 2 diabetes. In November 2012, the American Diabetes Association Prevention Committee convened a writing group to review the evidence on socioecological factors contributing to recent increases in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Drawing from the work of the committee, in this article we review the overarching evidence-based contributions of socioecological factors to risk for type 2 diabetes. Rather than incorporate the entire universe of relational observations, this scientific statement is intended to evaluate the extent to which data indicate a contributing role of social and environmental factors to the current epidemic of type 2 diabetes.
Recognition and Complexity of Point Visibility Graphs
Creators: name: Cardinal, Jean
name: Hoffmann, Udo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: I.3.5; F.2.2

description: A point visibility graph is a graph induced by a set of points in the plane, where every vertex corresponds to a point, and two vertices are adjacent whenever the two corresponding points are visible from each other, that is, the open segment between them does not contain any other point of the set. We study the recognition problem for point visibility graphs: given a simple undirected graph, decide whether it is the visibility graph of some point set in the plane. We show that the problem is complete for the existential theory of the reals. Hence the problem is as hard as deciding the existence of a real solution to a system of polynomial inequalities. The proof involves simple substructures forcing collinearities in all realizations of some visibility graphs, which are applied to the algebraic universality constructions of Mnëv and Richter-Gebert. This solves a longstanding open question and paves the way for the analysis of other classes of visibility graphs. Furthermore, as a corollary of one of our construction, we show that there exist point visibility graphs that do not admit any geometric realization with points having integer coordinates.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Timing and Duration of Obesity in Relation to Diabetes: Findings from an ethnically diverse, nationally representative sample
Creators: name: The, N. S.
name: Gordon-Larsen, P.
name: Richardson, A. S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: OBJECTIVE The influence on diabetes of the timing and duration of obesity across the high-risk period of adolescence to young adulthood has not been investigated in a population-based, ethnically diverse sample.
Beyond Metformin: Safety Considerations in the Decision-Making Process for Selecting a Second Medication for Type 2 Diabetes Management: Reflections From aDiabetes CareEditors’ Expert Forum
Creators: name: Rosenstock, Julio
name: LeRoith, Derek
name: Nauck, Michael A.
name: Riddle, Matthew C.
name: Raz, Itamar
name: Buse, John B.
name: Cefalu, William T.
name: Del Prato, Stefano
name: Home, Philip D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The trend toward personalized management of diabetes has focused attention on the differences among available pharmacological agents in terms of mechanisms of action, efficacy, and, most important, safety. Clinicians must select from these features to develop individualized therapy regimens. In June 2013, a nine-member Diabetes Care Editors’ Expert Forum convened to review safety evidence for six major diabetes drug classes: insulin, sulfonylureas (SUs), thiazolidinediones (TZDs), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors. This article, an outgrowth of the forum, summarizes well-delineated and theoretical safety concerns related to these drug classes, as well as the panelists’ opinions regarding their best use in patients with type 2 diabetes. All of the options appear to have reasonably wide safety margins when used appropriately. Those about which we know the most—metformin, SUs, insulin, and perhaps now also TZDs—are efficacious in most patients and can be placed into a basic initial algorithm. However, these agents leave some clinical needs unmet. Selecting next steps is a more formidable process involving newer agents that are understood less well and for which there are unresolved questions regarding risk versus benefit in certain populations. Choosing a specific agent is not as important as implementing some form of early intervention and advancing rapidly to some form of combination therapy as needed. When all options are relatively safe given the benefits they confer, therapeutic decision making must rely on a personalized approach, taking into account patients’ clinical circumstances, phenotype, pathophysiological defects, preferences, abilities, and costs.
The recoil correction to the proton-finite-size contribution to the Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen
Creators: name: Karshenboim, Savely G.
name: Korzinin, Evgeny Yu.
name: Ivanov, Vladimir G.
name: Shelyuto, Valery A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lamb shift in muonic hydrogen was measured some time ago to a high accuracy. The theoretical prediction of this value is very sensitive to the proton-finite-size effects. The proton radius extracted from muonic hydrogen is in contradiction with the results extracted from elastic electron-proton scattering. That creates a certain problem for the interpretation of the results from the muonic hydrogen Lamb shift. For the latter we need also to take into account the two-photon-exchange contribution with the proton finite size involved. The only way to describe it relies on the data from the scattering, which may produce an internal inconsistency of theory. Recently the leading proton-finite-size contribution to the two-photon exchange was found within the external field approximation. The recoil part of the two-photon-exchange has not been considered. Here we revisit calculation of the external-field part and take the recoil correction to the finite-size effects into account.
Correlates of Treatment Patterns Among Youth With Type 2 Diabetes
Creators: name: Badaru, Angela
name: Klingensmith, Georgeanna J.
name: Dolan, Lawrence
name: Marcovina, Santica
name: Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J.
name: Pihoker, Catherine
name: Dabelea, Dana
name: Rodriguez, Beatriz L.
name: Imperatore, Giuseppina
name: Lawrence, Jean M.
name: Beavers, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: OBJECTIVETo describe treatment regimens in youth with type 2 diabetes and examine associations between regimens, demographic and clinical characteristics, and glycemic control.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThis report includes 474 youth with a clinical diagnosis of type 2 diabetes who completed a SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study visit. Diabetes treatment regimen was categorized as lifestyle alone, metformin monotherapy, any oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) other than metformin or two or more OHAs, insulin monotherapy, and insulin plus any OHA(s). Association of treatment with demographic and clinical characteristics (fasting C-peptide [FCP], diabetes duration, and self-monitoring of blood glucose [SMBG]), and A1C was assessed by χ2 and ANOVA. Multiple linear regression models were used to evaluate independent associations of treatment regimens and A1C, adjusting for demographics, diabetes duration, FCP, and SMBG.RESULTSOver 50% of participants reported treatment with metformin alone or lifestyle. Of the autoantibody-negative youth, 40% were on metformin alone, while 33% were on insulin-containing regimens. Participants on metformin alone had a lower A1C (7.0 ± 2.0%, 53 ± 22 mmol/mol) than those on insulin alone (9.2 ± 2.7%, 77 ± 30 mmol/mol) or insulin plus OHA (8.6 ± 2.6%, 70 ± 28 mmol/mol) (P < 0.001). These differences remained significant after adjustment (7.5 ± 0.3%, 58 ± 3 mmol/mol; 9.1 ± 0.4%, 76 ± 4 mmol/mol; and 8.6 ± 0.4%, 70 ± 4 mmol/mol) (P < 0.001) and were more striking in those with diabetes for ≥2 years (7.9 ± 2.8, 9.9 ± 2.8, and 9.8 ± 2.6%). Over one-half of those on insulin-containing therapies still experience treatment failure (A1C ≥8%, 64 mmol/mol).CONCLUSIONSApproximately half of youth with type 2 diabetes were managed with lifestyle or metformin alone and had better glycemic control than individuals using other therapies. Those with longer diabetes duration in particular commonly experienced treatment failures, and more effective management strategies are needed.
Second FOREU2 Report on progress made in the implementation of R&I long term strategies
Creators: name: RI4C2 project
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: As part of the RI4C2 project, Alliances who received funding in the second pilot call (all part of the Forum of European Universities 2 – FOREU2) have joined forces to write a joint report aiming at putting forward good practices on progress made in the implementation of R&I long-term strategies. In this joint report, different types of strategies and activities implemented in order to foster the development of R&I within Alliances are presented via case studies provided by 20 H2020 SwafS projects awarded to European University Alliances.

The report focuses first on the context and participant Alliances. Case studies are then presented within three distinct topical categories: one concerns political strategies, another includes operational features, and the last topic deals with various other relevant good practices. Finally, the last section presents the key elements and lessons-learned from the case studies included in this report.