cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The transition to grandparenthood: No consistent evidence for change in the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction
Creators: name: Krämer, Michael D.
name: Scheppingen, Manon A. Van
name: Chopik, William J.
name: Richter, David
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Grandparenthood
subject: Big Five
subject: life satisfaction
subject: personality development
subject: propensity score matching
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Intergenerational relations have received close attention in the context of population aging and increased childcare provision by grandparents. However, few studies have investigated the psychological consequences of becoming a grandparent. In a preregistered test of grandparenthood as a developmental task in middle and older adulthood, we used representative panel data from the Netherlands (N = 563) and the United States (N = 2210) to analyze first-time grandparents’ personality and life satisfaction development. We tested gender, employment, and grandchild care as moderators. To address confounding, we employed propensity score matching using two procedures: matching grandparents with parents and nonparents to achieve balance in different sets of carefully selected covariates. Multilevel models demonstrated mean-level stability of the Big Five personality traits and life satisfaction over the transition to grandparenthood, and no consistent moderation effects—contrary to the social investment principle. The few small effects of grandparenthood on personality development did not replicate across samples. We found no evidence of larger inter-individual differences in change in grandparents compared to the controls or of lower rank-order stability. Our findings add to recent critical re-examinations of the social investment principle and are discussed in light of characteristics that might moderate grandparents’ personality development.
title: State and capital in independent India : From dirigisme to neoliberalism.
Creators: name: Das Gupta, Chirashree
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2008

description: This thesis examines the relationship between state and capital in post-independence India. There was a dramatic shift from the strategy of state-led capital accumulation. After the 1950s, this strategy became increasingly dirigiste. From the 1980s, economic policy in India shifted towards neoliberalism. The conventional wisdom is that this transition to neoliberalism was driven by poor economic performance in India during the period of state-led growth. The economy was characterised by inefficiencies because of government-created distortions that stifled entrepreneurship and needed to be corrected by neo-liberal 'reforms'. However, capitalists in India were beneficiaries of dirigiste policies, and did not adopt neoliberalism as their collective agenda even when their disenchantment with the state peaked in 1965-66. It was only from around 1980 that a section of capitalists in India began to support a neoliberal turn. What explains this paradigmatic shift? This is the central question of the thesis. This research examines the role of the state in the capital accumulation process in India with a focus on the period from 1965 to 1980 to shed light on how and why the change in state-capital relations occurred. Throughout the 1970s, the expansion and diversification of the capitalist class with the rise of 'new' family-controlled business houses played a critical role in shaping the changes towards neoliberalism. This thesis examines the social origins, institutional access, privileges and restrictions, forms of political organisation and modes of expansion of capital. Both 'zones of intervention' and 'zones of non-intervention' by the state facilitated the various dimensions of this expansion. These developments forged new political alignments of capitalist interests and led to significant stratification within the class. These changes had critical impacts on the access of the capitalist class to technology and finance, defined the attitude of Indian capitalists towards 'globalisation' and accelerated the informalisation of labour force.
SDQ_supplemental_material – Supplemental material for Is Small Still Beautiful for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire? Novel Findings Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling
Creators: name: Garrido, Luis Eduardo
name: Barrada, Juan Ramón
name: Aguasvivas, José Armando
name: Martínez-Molina, Agustín
name: Arias, Víctor B.
name: Golino, Hudson F.
name: Legaz, Eva
name: Ferrís, Gloria
name: Rojo-Moreno, Luis
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Supplemental material, SDQ_supplemental_material for Is Small Still Beautiful for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire? Novel Findings Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling by Luis Eduardo Garrido, Juan Ramón Barrada, José Armando Aguasvivas, Agustín Martínez-Molina, Víctor B. Arias, Hudson F. Golino, Eva Legaz, Gloria Ferrís and Luis Rojo-Moreno in Assessment
title: Transitions of a feathered world : The distribution of bronze drums in early Southeast Asia.
Creators: name: Calo, Ambra
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2007

description: This study focuses on the distribution of early bronze drums from their centres of production in north Vietnam throughout Mainland and Island Southeast Asia, as evidence of cultural contact and cross-regional exchange along river and maritime routes during the late Metal Age and the proto-historic period. This is the period just prior to, and overlapping with, the first Chinese and Indian influences in the region. The exchange of bronze drums established alliances between early centres favouring the trade of other goods, and defining early cultural spheres which set the stage for the process of state formation in the historic period. Adopting a synoptic view over the entire distribution across national boundaries, I analyse what types of drums are found where by identifying a series of regional clusters. Each cluster of drums highlights and clarifies specific questions regarding chronology, routes of transmission, the geographical extent of trade networks, and new local bronze casting traditions arising from the influence of the imported bronze drums.
title: Nagajuna's Madhyamaka: A philosophical investigation.
Creators: name: Westerhoff, Jan C.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2007

description: This dissertation constitutes a discussion of Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka as contained in his six main philosophical works. It presents a synoptic presentation of the main topics Nagarjuna investigates. Particular emphasis is put on an analysis of the philosophical content of Nagarjuna's Madhyamaka. Apart from discussing the soundness of Nagarjuna's arguments for particular conclusions I also want to examine to which extent Nagarjuna's philosophy forms a coherent philosophical system rather than a collection of individual ideas. The dissertation consists of four parts. In the first part (chapter 2) I discuss the central concept of Madhyamaka philosophy, the notion of svabhadva. This is a notion of considerable complexity; for the purposes of understanding Nagarjuna's arguments I argue that it is particularly important to distinguish two of its conceptual dimensions: an ontological and a cognitive one. The second part (chapters 3 and 4) discusses some properties of the form of Nagarjuna's arguments, properties which are, however, also intricately connected with their contents attempting to establish the Madhyamaka theory of emptiness. The two topics investigated are the place of negation in Nagarjuna's philosophical assertions and his use of the argumentative framework known as the catuskoti or tetralemma. An analysis of the background of these formal aspects is indispensable for an understanding of Nagarjuna's arguments presented in the following chapters. The third part (chapters 5 to 9) discusses Nagarjuna's arguments dealing with particular topics, such as causation, motion, the self, epistemology, and language. Here Nagarjuna sets out to establish the absence of svabhava in areas which are particularly central to our cognitive interaction with the world. He investigates both the world around us (for the examples of causation and motion), the subjective world (the self) as well as the way in which the two are connected (by our epistemic faculties and by language). The final fourth part (chapter 10) attempts to present a concise synoptic overview of Nagarjuna's conclusions described in the preceding chapters and sets out to evaluate them from a systematic point of view. I also discuss how these various conclusions form a coherent philosophical whole and attempt to evaluate some of them in the light of the contemporary philosophical discussion.
title: Sacred places in Sardinia: Cumbessias villages, sacredness, and the dialectic of the work of art.
Creators: name: Moreddu, Elena
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2005

description: This study is an interdisciplinary investigation into the notion of place and, particularly, a sacred place. Disciplines such as Architecture, Philosophy, and Social Anthropology converge to explore the concepts of space, place, sacredness, genius loci, sacred architecture, and work of art, with particular reference to the cumbessias villages that represent important sites of popular religiosity in Sardinia (Italy). The analysis, which focuses on six of these villages mainly distributed in the central inland territory, has started from the premise that a sacred place, hence a cumbessias village, should be intended as a work of art. In this regard, we have welcomed and adopted the Heideggerian elaboration of the concept of 'place' together with that of 'work of art'. Places and works of art are both the outcome of a hermeneutical engagement, they are the result of a creative process. Yet, they are not inanimate objects but rather disclose a world of their own. The encounter between these worlds and the human creative agency disclose every time a new horizon of meaning nurturing both subjects of this relationship. We have been asking what kind of experience is lived by the people, the devotees, within these sacred places (i.e., cumbessias villages). Through what kind of process is this experience lived? And, eventually, what is the effect it produces on both the interlocutors, people and sacred places? Through the adoption of the Gadamerian metaphor of 'play' we have argued how the recurrent encounter between devotees and their sacred places (works of art) during the religious occasion of a novena is mutually constitutive on an existential level. It is precisely through devotees' complete participation in the alterity/otherness of the work of art or cumbessias village's own world that a so called 'enlargement of consciousness' and an increase of being/transformation can be achieved.
online_appendix_mcib_graphs – Supplemental material for Estimating Income Statistics from Grouped Data: Mean-constrained Integration over Brackets
Creators: name: Jargowsky, Paul A.
name: Wheeler, Christopher A.
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160807 Sociological Methodology and Research Methods
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, online_appendix_mcib_graphs for Estimating Income Statistics from Grouped Data: Mean-constrained Integration over Brackets by Paul A. Jargowsky and Christopher A. Wheeler in Sociological Methodology
Online appendix -Supplemental material for The Sheltering Effect of Occupational Closure? Consequences for Ethnic Minorities’ Earnings
Creators: name: Drange, Ida
name: Helland, Håvard
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Supplemental material, Online appendix for The Sheltering Effect of Occupational Closure? Consequences for Ethnic Minorities’ Earnings by Ida Drange and Håvard Helland in Work and Occupations
title: Institutional dynamics of manufacturing under structural adjustment: Zimbabwe 1990-1996.
Creators: name: Winter, Simon M.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1998

description: The thesis critically and empirically examines the development of manufacturing in Zimbabwe, through a case study of the metal engineering sector, following the introduction of the structural adjustment programme (ESAP) in 1990/91. Original field research of manufacturing firms and supporting organisations was conducted in Zimbabwe during 1995 and 1996. A theoretical framework is applied using concepts of institutional legacy and path dependency. This provides an alternative approach to use of neo-classically based analytical frameworks. It is concluded that orthodox economic approaches are inadequate as a basis for improving the prospects for successful industrial development, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. There is a need to improve the understanding of a country's changing social relations, in their historical context. This includes analysing patterns of agency within and between institutions and the individuals that comprise them. In part this can be accomplished by examining class and power relations and conflicts. Zimbabwe's structural adjustment programme was not followed by industrial rejuvenation and expansion. Firm performance varied in ways that cannot be explained using conventional economic approaches. Overall, there has been: a lack of technological and organisational improvements and industrial investment; a decline in real wages and industrial employment; and, a lack of skills improvement across firms and supporting organisations. Zimbabwean industrial development suffers from a dislocation of interest between those owning most of the productive industrial capital and those formulating policies that affect industry. The capitalist class is fragmented between historically established white capitalists, and emergent indigenous or black interests. Explanations are offered for the observed weaknesses of supporting institutions, including government ministries, training organisations and workers' and employers' organisations. The findings make a strong case that without better data collection from firms and an improved understanding of historical contexts and constraints, policy shifts to promote industrial development will not have the desired results. Even though the research collects a better data set than previously available, it is difficult to draw the types of definite conclusions and recommendations presented by most commentators on the same questions.
title: The life and works of Sant Raidas.
Creators: name: Friedlander, Peter G.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1990

description: This thesis examines the life and works of the 15th century Indian Saint known as Raidas by Hindi speakers and as Ravidas by Panjabi speakers. The first chapter surveys the sources for the study of his life and investigates what is known of his life and the development of his hagiography. The second chapter describes the manuscript sources for the vani of Raidas. The third chapter examines the original form of Raidas's works and how their transmission within oral traditions influenced their content prior to their being set down in manuscript form. The fourth chapter is a study of the teachings of Raidas as found in this critical edition of his works. The fifth chapter is an examination of the differences between the DSdQ PanthT, Sikh, and Nath recensions of the vani. In this chapter it is argued that it is those portions of the vani which are found in most, or all, the recensions of the vani which are most likely to represent original compositions of Raidas himself and the early Raidas tradition. The sixth chapter is a critical edition of 111 padas and 6 sakhis based on twelve sources which predate AD 1700, accompanied by an annotated translation of the text. The seventh and eighth chapters contain a full etymological glossary of the text and brief descriptive grammar of the vani and its prosody.
title: Peasant farming systems in Thailand : A comparative study of rice cultivation and agricultural technology in Chiangmai and Ayutthaya.
Creators: name: Tanabe, Shigoharu
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1981

description: This thesis describes and analyses two peasant rice farming systems established in the northern intermontane basins and the Chao Phraya delta of Thailand in a comparative perspective. The two distinctive farming systems, i.e. the Intermontane Basin and the Delta farming systems, are examined in ecological and socio-economic contexts with special emphasis upon the role of indigenous technology at both regional and village levels. Intensive fieldwork into the specified villages in Chiangmai and Ayutthaya provinces was conducted for 26 months mainly in 1974-75 with further visits in subsequent years. The farming systems are first examined in the ecological context by investigating physiographical and hydrological conditions, methods and practices of irrigation and the consistent process of farming operations in rice cultivation. The labour-intensive and small-scale transplanting culture of the Intermontane Basin has been founded on the traditional irrigation systems mainly developed at village level. In many parts of the Delta, however, where units of cultivation are larger, broadcast-sowing culture has been adopted which depends basically on natural precipitation and annual inundation. These contrasting farming systems, in which agricultural technology interacts with both ecological and socio-economic conditions, are in turn dominated by different forms of peasant agricultural production: subsistence production in the Intermontane Basin and petty commodity production in the Delta. The differentiation of the forms of peasant production is primarily derived from the complex of socio-economic conditions of the two farming systems stemming from the processes of land reclamation, land tenure and labour utilisation. Thus we recognise within the farming systems two structures, ecological and socio-economic, which are closely interrelated through the farming technology prevailing amongst the peasants. Structural analysis of the contrasting farming systems reveals the complex reality of Thai peasant rice cultivation. It is reasonable to assume that any problems and changes in peasant agriculture can be detected most, effectively by means of this structural approach.
SPI2 T3SS effectors facilitate enterocyte apical to basolateral transmigration of Salmonella-containing vacuoles in vivo
Creators: name: Fulde, Marcus
name: Vorst, Kira Van
name: Zhang, Kaiyi
name: Westermann, Alexander J.
name: Busche, Tobias
name: Huei, Yong Chiun
name: Welitschanski, Katharina
name: Pägelow, Dennis
name: Plendl, Johanna
name: Tedin, Karsten
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Salmonella
subject: Salmonella pathogenicity island 2 (Spi-2)
subject: enterocyte
subject: apical to basolateral transmigration
subject: mucosal translocation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI) 2 type three secretion system (T3SS)-mediated effector molecules facilitate bacterial survival in phagocytes but their role in the intestinal epithelium in vivo remains ill-defined. Using our neonatal murine infection model in combination with SPI2 reporter technology and RNA-Seq of sorted primary enterocytes, we demonstrate expression of SPI2 effector molecules by intraepithelial Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium). Contrary to expectation, immunostaining revealed that infection with SPI2 T3SS-mutants resulted in significantly enlarged intraepithelial Salmonella-containing vacuoles (SCV) with altered cellular positioning, suggesting impaired apical to basolateral transmigration. Also, infection with isogenic tagged S. Typhimurium strains revealed a reduced spread of intraepithelial SPI2 T3SS mutant S. Typhimurium to systemic body sites. These results suggest that SPI2 T3SS effector molecules contribute to enterocyte apical to basolateral transmigration of the SCV during the early stage of the infection.
Guided digital health intervention for depression in Lebanon: randomised trial
Creators: name: Cuijpers, Pim
name: Heim, Eva
name: Ramia, Jinane Abi
name: Burchert, Sebastian
name: Carswell, Kenneth
name: Cornelisz, Ilja
name: Knaevelsrud, Christine
name: Noun, Philip
name: Van Klaveren, Chris
name: Van’t Hof, Edith
name: Zoghbi, Edwina
name: Van Ommeren, Mark
name: El Chammay, Rabih
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: mental disorders
subject: digital health intervention
subject: Lebanon
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background Most people with mental disorders in communities exposed to adversity in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) do not receive effective care. Digital mental health interventions are scalable when digital access is adequate, and can be safely delivered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective To examine the effects of a new WHO-guided digital mental health intervention, Step-by-Step, supported by a non-specialist helper in Lebanon, in the context of concurring economic, humanitarian and political crises, a large industrial disaster and the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted a single-blind, two-arm pragmatic randomised trial, comparing guided Step-by-Step with enhanced care as usual (ECAU) among people suffering from depression and impaired functioning. Primary outcomes were depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9)) and impaired functioning (WHO Disability Assessment Schedule-12 (WHODAS)) at post-treatment. Findings 680 people with depression (PHQ-9>10) and impaired functioning (WHODAS>16) were randomised to Step-by-Step or ECAU. Intention-to-treat analyses showed effects on depression (standardised mean differences, SMD: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.45 to 0.97), impaired functioning (SMD: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.65), post-traumatic stress (SMD: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.27 to 0.79), anxiety (SMD: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.99), subjective well-being (SMD: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.62) and self-identified personal problems (SMD: 0.56; 95% CI 0.29 to 0.83). Significant effects on all outcomes were retained at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions Guided digital mental health interventions can be effective in the treatment of depression in communities exposed to adversities in LMICs, although some uncertainty remains because of high attrition. Clinical implications Guided digital mental health interventions should be considered for implementation in LMICs. Trial registration number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03720769.
title: The economic and social organization of selected Mohmand Pukhtun settlements.
Creators: name: Ahmed, Akbar S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1978

description: The study formulates a thesis with two separate but closely inter-connected component the first is to construct an ideal-type nodal of Pukhtun society and argue that it exists on the basis of empirically observed social groups and given certain conditions. The second is to illustrate that the modal operates successfully in spite of encapsulation by larger and different social systems. The thesis is defended by data collected from field-work conducted among the Mohmand tribe in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. The chapters are divided into three distinct but inter-related parts. Part Ona, Chapters 1 to 3, provides the framework for the arguments contained in the study. Chapter 1 broadly outlines the theoretical and methodological framework of the study. Chapter 2 describes the ecological and administrative features within which Mohmand society is organized. The historical background of the Mohmands is discussed in Chapter 3. pert Two, Chapters 4 to 9, may be considered the core of the study in length and importance. Chapter 4 constructs an ideal-type Pukhtun model largely based on Mohmand data and another one in analytical and binary opposition to it. Chapter 5 analyses the importance of unilineal descent and types of leadership in segmentary societies. Non-Mohmand groups, such as religious and occupational groups, and their role in society are discussed in Chapter 6. Case-studies regarding agnatic rivalry and the concept of chastity of women form Chapter 7. Settlement and marriage patterns are analysed in Chapter 8. Income, consumption and expenditure patterns, based on case-studies, are discussed in Chapter 9. I shall argue that Chapters 7, 8 and 9 largely substantiate my thesis. Change, encapsulation and tribal strategy in relation to the model are the themes of Chapters 10 and 11 in Part Three. Chapter 12 discusses the conclusions of the study.
title: The role of banks in the provision of external finance to developing countries, with particular reference to UK banks between 1970-1980.
Creators: name: Watsham, Terry J.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1984

description: The thesis is divided into nine chapters. The first chapter gives an overview of the external financial flows to the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) between 1970 and 1980. It explains why these countries increasingly turned to private sources of external finance and why the banks in particular were willing to provide that finance. Noting the needs of these countries for continued access to private external finance, the thesis proceeds to investigate four areas fundamental to the continuity of that access. They are:- 1) The determinants of the financial terms of bank and bond finance. 2) The impact of further lending to LDCs upon bank balance sheets. 3) The attitudes of the lending bankers to ways of increasing private financial flows. 4) The reasons for the limited role played by the eurobond market in providing such finance. As a preliminary to investigating these points chapters two and three discuss the nature of the eurocurrency market generally, reasons for its growth and the statistical sources relating to that market. Chapter three also develops a theoretical model of the eurobank lending function. Returning to the fundamental points noted above, chapter four investigates the determinants of the financial terms of private finance ie euro money-market interest rates, the spreads on syndicated loans to LDCs and the interest yield on LDC bond issues. Chapter five investigates the impact of the growth in bank lending to LDCs upon UK banks' balance sheets. Chapter six reviews the literature making suggestions for reducing the risks associated with lending to LDCs. Chapter seven reports results of a questionnaire survey of nearly two hundred London banks regarding the suggestions noted in chapter six. The presumption behind these two chapters is that reduced risk will, ceteris paribus, increase the flow of finance. The responses to the survey confirm the validity of this presumption. The reasons for the limited role of the eurobond market in providing private external finance to LDCs is investigated in chapter eight with the aid of a second questionnaire. This survey was directed at the London managers of eurobond syndicates. The last chapter gives a resume of the thesis and makes recommendations for easing the external debt problem of the borrowers and bankers.
title: How Bodhidharma came to the East? The visual representations of Bodhidharma in East Asian art with a special emphasis on the Korean Bodhidharma-paintings and the formation of Bodhidharma's iconography.
Creators: name: Mecsi, Beatrix
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2004

description: The founder of meditational Buddhism according to tradition is the Indian born Bodhidharma, whose legendary figure can often be seen in visual art and popular culture of East Asian countries. In my thesis I focus on the visual representations of Bodhidharma, and for the first time, after summarizing the information about him revealed in primary and secondary textual and pictorial sources, I set down a comprehensive study on the formation of the Bodhidharma-iconography, and discuss Korean Bodhidharma-images in a wider context of East Asian images. This thesis introduces Korean Bodhidharma images for the first time in a Western language, and show them together with the already known Chinese and Japanese images. It raises several problems on the identification of these images and brings new evidence on the formation of the Bodhidharma- iconography. It shows how it derived from representations of Daoist immortals and Buddhist arhats. Earlier studies usually consider texts as primary to visual images, but in my thesis, introducing images from the eleventh and twelfth century, I show that in the case of Bodhidharma- iconography visual images had a considerable influence on written texts. Stressing the importance of visual representations of a religious founder in forming further written and visual legends is a new approach which opens new paths to further studies in religious imagery.
Diode effect in Josephson junctions with a single magnetic atom
Creators: name: Trahms, Martina
name: Melischek, Larissa
name: Steiner, Jacob F.
name: Mahendru, Bharti
name: Tamir, Idan
name: Bogdanoff, Nils
name: Peters, Olof
name: Reecht, Gaël
name: Winkelmann, Clemens B.
name: Oppen, Felix Von
name: Franke, Katharina J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconducting properties and materials
subject: Surfaces, interfaces and thin films
subject: Josephson junctions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Current flow in electronic devices can be asymmetric with bias direction, a phenomenon underlying the utility of diodes1 and known as non-reciprocal charge transport2. The promise of dissipationless electronics has recently stimulated the quest for superconducting diodes, and non-reciprocal superconducting devices have been realized in various non-centrosymmetric systems3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10. Here we investigate the ultimate limits of miniaturization by creating atomic-scale Pb–Pb Josephson junctions in a scanning tunnelling microscope. Pristine junctions stabilized by a single Pb atom exhibit hysteretic behaviour, confirming the high quality of the junctions, but no asymmetry between the bias directions. Non-reciprocal supercurrents emerge when inserting a single magnetic atom into the junction, with the preferred direction depending on the atomic species. Aided by theoretical modelling, we trace the non-reciprocity to quasiparticle currents flowing by means of electron–hole asymmetric Yu–Shiba–Rusinov states inside the superconducting energy gap and identify a new mechanism for diode behaviour in Josephson junctions. Our results open new avenues for creating atomic-scale Josephson diodes and tuning their properties through single-atom manipulation.
title: The image in the poetry of Ibn al-Mu'tazz (247-96/861-908) with special reference to metaphor and simile.
Creators: name: Mahrouqi, Mohammad N.R.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 2004

description: This thesis investigates the imagery of one of the most important poets of the 'Abbasid age, 'Abd Allah Ibn al-Mu'tazz (247-96/861-908) Ibn al-Mu'tazz shows great interest in external attributes, especially shape, colour and speed. His fondness for describing external attributes is the characteristic feature which has led to his reputation as the pioneer of the Hissi (sensory or sensuous) type of poetic imagery, in contrast with Abu Tammam, who was considered the pioneer of dhihni (intellectual) poetry. It is also this fondness for external description that generates one of the most significant features of his poetry; the lack of harmony, indeed the outright contradiction at times, between two different functions of imagery, the semantic and the psychological. In Ibn al-Mu'tazz's poetry both positive and negative aspects of meaning often coexist in the very same image. This study seeks to place Ibn al-Mu'tazz's conception of imagery in the context of his life-experience and interests. Ibn al-Mu'tazz has traditionally been seen as a wealthy prince whose poetry reflects a life of luxury. This study, however, develops a different understanding and argues that the poet experienced an extremely difficult and turbulent life, right from the early days of his childhood: both his grandfather and, later, his father were assassinated following which he was sent into exile in frightening circumstances; he himself was Caliph for 24 hours, and he suffered real misfortune and adversity throughout his life. This thesis will argue that the lack of harmony found in Ibn al-Mu'tazz's poetry is indicative of the fragmentation in the poet's own life and reflects his bitter life-experiences. The two major aspects of imagery this study explores are the nature of Ibn al-Mu'tazz'8 images and the sources from which they are derived. Special attention is paid to simile and metaphor as they are possibly the most important figures of poetic speech, particularly in the age of classical Arabic literature. This poet's frequent use of particular images reveals important information about his interests. He shows great admiration for the palm tree - its trunk, fronds and spandex. Other topics, such as the moon, Pleiades, wine, wine froth, wineskin, hunting dogs, horses and flowers, especially the narcissus, are also favoured topics in his poetry. For the purpose of this thesis, five main sources of Ibn al-Mu'tazz's imagery have been identified and investigated: the human being, daily life, nature, animals and culture. In studying the nature of Ibn al-Mu'tazz's imagery, the work of classical Arab rhetoricians and critics, as well as modern views, are utilised. In the study of sources, the approach developed by Caroline Spurgeon has been adopted, and has proved to be of enormous value.
Addressing Violence Against Educators: What Do Teachers Say Works?
Creators: name: McMahon, Susan D.
name: Reddy, Linda A.
name: Martinez, Andrew
name: Espelage, Dorothy L.
name: Perry, Andrew H.
name: Worrell, Frank C.
name: Anderman, Eric M.
name: Astor, Ron Avi
Publisher: name: American Psychological Association (APA)
Year: 2023

description:
School personnel safety and well-being have received increased attention via national outlets; however, research is limited. The current investigation is the first to examine the reported use and perceived effectiveness of commonly used school-based intervention approaches for addressing school violence, specifically violence against teachers in U.S. schools. A sample of 4,471 prekindergarten-12th grade teachers was asked to rate the use and perceived effectiveness of common school-based approaches, namely exclusionary discipline (e.g., suspensions), school hardening (e.g., metal detectors, school police), prevention (e.g., school climate improvement, social-emotional learning, classroom management), and crisis intervention practices (e.g., de-escalation, physical restraint) to address verbal/threatening, physical, and property violence against teachers. Findings revealed that teachers rated prevention practices as most effective in reducing violence against teachers. The use of exclusionary discipline and crisis intervention practices at school was positively associated with all three forms of violence. Ratings of the effectiveness of specific practices were associated with lower likelihoods of verbal/threatening (i.e., hardening, prevention), physical (i.e., exclusionary discipline, hardening, prevention), and property (i.e., hardening) violence. Implications for school practice, research, and policy are presented.
title: A study of vowel alternation in Hausa.
Creators: name: Sani, Mu'Azu Z.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1983

description: This study aims at finding out the particular phonetic contexts within which the alternation of [i], [i] & [u] in Hausa takes place in an utterance, and where it does not. It also aims at establishing the underlying forms amongst these vowels as well as identifying the underlying causes for the alternation or non-alternation. The work is divided into ten chapters: Chapter One introduces the work. It discusses the Hausa consonants based on the standard dialect, the vowels as shared by both the standard and non-standard dialects, and their phonological status. Chapter Two is basically divided into two sections, with the first one discussing the 'general' type of vowel alternation (dialectal and non-dialectal), and the second section dealing with the alternation of [i], [i] & [u] 'specific' in the standard dialect. Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6 & 7 look into the [i/i/u] alternation in the Zaria, Bauchi, Daura, Katsina & Sokoto dialects respectively, all relative to the standard. Chapter Eight is devoted to establishing the underlying forms in the words where a labial and/or coronal precede(s). Chapter Nine examines the -ij- and -uw- sequences in relation to the alternation under consideration. Finally, Chapter Ten sets out the conclusions reached in the study.
title: Modification in Swahili.
Creators: name: Shaaban, Ali Ali Ali Ahmad
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1983

description: The aim of this study is to investigate modification in Swahili from two main standpoints: syntax and semantics. Intonation, as a determining factor for some semantic denotations of some modifying units of structure, is not neglected. In the first chapter there is a relatively detailed argumentation of the treatment and classification of some items, which have been treated differently in previous works on Swahili. The conclusion of the discussions of such items here is different from the suggestions and conclusions of earlier works. There is also a discussion of the number of grammatical classes that are required for the adequate description of the nominal group in Swahili, as well as an elaborate description of items which participate in modification within nominal group structure. In the second chapter, items that participate in modification at the clause level are investigated. They are grouped into three classes according to their syntactic functions and semantic denotations. These classes are Adjunct, Conjunct and Disjunct. These items are differentiated from their homonyms, if they have any, on syntactic, semantic and intonational criteria. In the third chapter, clauses that function as modifying elements to other units of structure are investigated as to their syntax, semantics and intonational features. They are labelled according to the semantic relationships they have with other units within the sentence. Their main features as modifying units, and also their relationships to units they modify are investigated. In chapter four, some items that participate in modification at different ranks are studied separately since they do not seem to fit well into the previous chapters. Their various syntactic, and semantic functions at both group and clause levels are studied. The originality in this thesis lies in the fact that it is concerned with very interesting areas in the language which have not previously been studied. There exist some works which deal indirectly with modification but they are restricted to group level only and even at this level they do not cover the whole area. No work, as far as I know, deals with clauses or sentences as constituting or exemplifying modification in Swahili. I would think that the value of this work lies in the light it sheds on this interesting area of the language.
Affective meanings and social relations: identities and positions in the social space
Creators: name: Ambrasat, Jens
name: Scheve, Christian Von
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: emotions
subject: affect control theory
subject: social stratification
subject: large-scale survey
subject: relational sociology
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Ever since Georg Simmel’s seminal works, social relations have been a central building block of sociological theory. In relational sociology, social identities are an essential concept and supposed to emerge in close interaction with other identities, discourses and objects. To assess this kind of relationality, existing research capitalises on patterns of meaning making that are constitutive for identities. These patterns are often understood as forms of declarative knowledge and are reconstructed, using qualitative methods, from denotative meanings as they surface: for example, in stories and narratives. We argue that this approach to some extent privileges explicit and conceptual knowledge over tacit and non-conceptual forms of knowledge. We suggest that affect is a concept that can adequately account for such implicit and bodily meanings, even when measured on the level of linguistic concepts. We draw on affect control theory (ACT) and related methods to investigate the affective meanings of concepts (lexemes) denoting identities in a large survey. We demonstrate that even though these meanings are widely shared across respondents, they nevertheless show systematic variation reflecting respondents’ positions within the social space and the typical interaction experiences associated with their identities. In line with ACT, we show, first, that the affective relations between exemplary identities mirror their prototypical, culturally circumscribed and institutionalised relations (for example, between role identities). Second, we show that there are systematic differences in these affective relations across gender, occupational status and regional culture, which we interpret as reflecting respondents’ subjective positioning and experience vis-à-vis a shared cultural reality.
title: The poetry of the Bakr tribe in their politico-tribal role from 1-132 A.H., with a detailed study of four Bakri poets.
Creators: name: Abu-Rahmeh, Khalil S.S.
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1981

description: This thesis is a study of the poetry of the Bakr tribe in their politico-tribal role from the early Islamic period up to the fall of the Umayyad dynasty in 132 A.H., with a detailed study of four prominent Bakri poets. It consists of two parts. The earlier part consists of four chapters, the first of which contains a general survey of the politico-tribal interrelationship of the main Bakrite clans on the eve of Islam, including a brief account of their religion before Islam, and the conversion of the majority to Islam shortly before the death of the Prophet. The second chapter is on the role of Bakr in the Riddah movement and their poetry in that context. Chapter III tackles the migration of Bakr throughout the period of the Islamic conquests and their settlement in the conquered lands, especially in Iraq and Khurasan where the conquerors settled in khitat designed on tribal lines thus reinforcing their tribal polarity. Subsequently great tribal blocs and alliances emerged and were among the major motive factors of the Umayyad era. This re-emergence of tribalism had a clear impact upon politics and poetry. Most of the poets devoted much of their poetry to defending their tribes and glorifying their heroic deeds. This chapter also studies briefly tribal factors in the emergence and history of the Khawarij, which was the only movement heavily dependent on the Bakr for warriors, leaders and poets. The fourth chapter examines the poetry of the Bakrites in respect to their politico-tribal role from the Great Fitnah that culminated in the killing of the third caliph, 'Uthman, to the fall of the Umayyad dynasty. Part Two consists of a foreword and four chapters devoted to a detailed study of four well-known Bakri poets. They are: Nahar b. Tawsi'ah, the most gifted Bakri poet in Khurasan, al-'Udail b. al-Farkh who was described as the poet of Bakr, Nabighat B. Shaiban, the only Bakri poet whose diwan has survived, and 'Imran b. Hittan who embraced the Kharijite beliefs and was a talented poet. He was the chief of the Sufrite sitters and their mufti.
BCS Critical Temperature on Half-Spaces
Creators: name: Roos, Barbara
name: Seiringer, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q10 (Primary) 82D55 (Secondary)

description: We study the BCS critical temperature on half-spaces in dimensions $d=1,2,3$ with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. We prove that the critical temperature on a half-space is strictly higher than on $\mathbb{R}^d$, at least at weak coupling in $d=1,2$ and weak coupling and small chemical potential in $d=3$. Furthermore, we show that the relative shift in critical temperature vanishes in the weak coupling limit.
description: 64 pages, 5 figures; published version
title: Politics and the state in Pakistan 1947-1975.
Creators: name: Waseem, Mohammad
Publisher: name: SOAS University of London
Year: 1983

description: The aim of the thesis is to locate the origins and discuss the development of the modern state in Pakistan. The subject is examined from two perspectives: a) the state's development from colonial times as a structural relationship between economic power and public authority; b) the state as a focus of the power struggle between various groups and classes. In other words, this approach seeks to analyse the Pakistan state both as a product and initiator of capitalist development, and as a structure which, while representing the interests of the ruling classes, enjoys a position of relative autonomy. In the thesis, the evolution of the Pakistan state has been traced from colonial times through the early post-independence period to the populist phase of the 1970s. There is considerable continuity in the locus of power between these three periods. At the same time, however, new class alignments emerged after the ending of formal British control, and the mode of operation of the state changed considerably, particularly as a result of efforts to promote 'modernization' through agricultural and industrial development. These changes produced new contradictions between regions and between classes. In the 1970s, a populist attempt to overcome these contradictions led to an acceleration of the trend towards the centralization of state power. The first part of the thesis therefore examines each of the three periods in turn, and attempts to show the development of the state in Pakistan and its relationship to society. The second part of the thesis moves from the macro to the micro-level, and sets out to show how the interaction of state and society within the framework of 'modernization' produces differing patterns of district politics. Two districts of Punjab are used as case studies to illustrate the operation of the 'state-in-the-field'. Faisalabad is taken as an example of a 'developed' district, and Attock of an underdeveloped. In this way the thesis attempts to take an integrated view of the politics of the Centre and Periphery in Pakistan.