cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cost Efficiency in the UK Life Insurance Industry in the Post-Global Financial Crisis Period
Creators: name: Zata, Masimba Trevor Taderera
Publisher: name: UH Research Archive
Year: 2019
Subjects: Efficiency
Cost Efficiency
UK Life Insurance
UK Insurance Industry
Life Insurance
Insurance
Global Financial Crisis
Data Envelopment Analysis
Financial and Risk Management

description: The aim of this research project is to adopt a two-stage approach for empirically measuring and determining the level of cost efficiency in the UK Life Insurance industry during and after the Global Financial Crisis (GFC). Stage one employs a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique with Variable Returns to Scale (VRS) to estimate the cost efficiency scores for the whole UK Life Insurance Industry for the period 2007 to 2015. In the second stage, a panel Tobit regression technique is used to examine the effects on cost efficiency of a set of determinants that are largely drawn from the recent literature on Financial and Risk Management (FRM). The findings suggest that the average cost efficiency in this period was lower than the level previously reported in the literature, but, by 2015, a clear improvement is noted. The findings also suggest that some potentially effective measures to improve operational efficiency include the reduction of the use of reinsurance, increasing firm size and relocation of office space away from Central London.
Temporal patterns of late bowel and bladder radiotherapy toxicity in a randomised controlled trial assessing duration of neo-adjuvant hormones in prostate cancer
Creators: name: Barry, Aisling S.
name: Dunne, Mary T.
name: Lyons, Ciara A.
name: Finn, Marie A.
name: Moulton, Brian
name: Taylor, Judy C.
name: O’Shea, Carmel M.
name: Thirion, Pierre G.
name: Armstrong, John G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cell Biology

description: Background. To assess the temporal patterns of late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) radiotherapy toxicity and resolution rates in a randomised controlled trial (All-Ireland Cooperative Oncology Research Group 97-01) assessing duration of neo-adjuvant (NA) hormone therapy for localised prostate cancer.Material and methods. Node negative patients with > 1 of: PSA > 20 ng/mL, Gleason score ≥ 7, and stage T3 or more, were included. Follow-up, including toxicity assessment, was three-monthly in the early stages and yearly thereafter.Results. Median follow-up from the end of RT was 6.8 years. In the interval between 90 days following the end of RT and the last toxicity assessment, GI and GU toxicity (any grade) was found in 50% and 51% of 240 and 241 patients, respectively. For those who did develop toxicity, the median time from end of RT until the first development of any grade GI or GU toxicity was 1.2 years and 1.6 years, respectively, whilst median time to final resolution was 1.6 years and 2.2 years, respectively. Grade 2 (G2) or greater GI and GU toxicity occurred in 29 (12.1%) and 40 (16.6%) patients, respectively. The proportion with unresolved G2 + GI and GU toxicity was 89% and 79%, respectively, in year 1, 69% and 65% in year 2, 59% and 52% in year 3 and 27% and 32% in year 5.Conclusion. Long-term toxicities continue to occur many years after NA hormone therapy and RT. The rate of occurrence does not appear to reduce within the time frame during which our patients were followed. The percentage of patients suffering from G2 + toxicity at any time is however low. Resolution of these toxicities continues for the duration of the follow-up.
title: Der schöne Kanton Zürich
title: ein Wander- und Landschaftsbuch
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Eschmann, Ernst
Publisher: name: Rascher
Year: 1935
Subjects: subject: 910 Geografie, Reisen
subject: Kanton Zürich
subject: Wandern
subject: Landschaft

description: Mit 16 Tafeln nach Radierungen und Zeichnungen.
Nachwuchssicherung: Steuerung der beruflichen Grundbildung bei den Schweizerischen Bundesbahnen SBB
Creators: name: Senn, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Bildungscontrolling
Berufsbildung
Nachwuchssicherung

description: Kein Abstract vorhanden
description: + ID der Publikation: hslu_56877 + Art des Beitrages: Buchkapitel/Beitrag in Sammelband + Herausgeberschaft: Mayer, V. + Seiten: 58 - 78 + Sprache: Deutsch + Letzte Aktualisierung: 2020-04-07 14:25:33
Dose-volume response in acute dysphagia toxicity: Validating QUANTEC recommendations into clinical practice for head and neck radiotherapy
Creators: name: Schneider-Kolsky, Michal
name: Anderson, Nigel J.
name: Morikatsu Wada
name: Rolfo, Maureen
name: Joon, Daryl Lim
name: Khoo, Vincent
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Engineering

description: Purpose. To determine the validity of QUANTEC recommendations in predicting acute dysphagia using intensity-modulated head and neck radiotherapy.Material and methods. Seventy-six consecutive patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck +/− systemic therapy were analyzed. Multiple dose parameters for the larynx (V50Gy, Dmean and Dmax) were recorded. Acute dysphagia toxicity was prospectively scored in all treatment weeks (week 1–6 or 1–7) using CTCAEv3 by three blinded investigators. QUANTEC larynx recommendations (V50Gy < 27%, Dmean < 44 Gy, Dmean < 40 Gy, Dmax < 66 Gy) were used to group the cohort (i.e. V50Gy < 27% vs. V50Gy > 27%). The proportion of patients with Grade 3 dysphagia was compared within each group.Results. There was a significant reduction in the incidence of grade 3 toxicity in the V50Gy < or > 27% group at week 5 (14.3% vs. 45.2%, p = 0.01) and 6 (25.9% vs. 65.9%, p < 0.01). A significant reduction at week 5 (14.7% vs. 50.0, p = 0.02) and 6 (32.4% vs. 67.6%, p = 0.01) was seen in Dmean < 44 Gy when compared to Dmean > 44 Gy. Dmean < 40 Gy also delivered a significant reduction at week 5 (5.6% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.01) and week 6 (23.5% vs. 59.3%, p = 0.01). A significant toxicity reduction at treatment week 6 (28.0% vs. 63.0%, p = 0 < 01) was seen from Dmax < 66 Gy to Dmax > 66 Gy. V50Gy > 27% (p < 0.01), Dmean > 40 Gy (p = 0.01) and Dmax > 66 Gy (p < 0.01) were also predictors of Grade 3 dysphagia when analyzed with multiple clinical risk factors.Conclusions. QUANTEC late toxicity recommendations for dose to larynx during IMRT are a useful predictor for acute dysphagia toxicity in this patient cohort. Furthermore, this included chemoradiotherapy regimes and post-operative radiotherapy patients, allowing for prophylactic implementation of supportive care measures.
Incidence and dosimetric parameters of pediatric brainstem toxicity following proton therapy
Creators: name: Indelicato, Daniel J.
name: Flampouri, Stella
name: Rotondo, Ronny L.
name: Bradley, Julie A.
name: Morris, Christopher G.
name: Aldana, Philipp R.
name: Sandler, Eric
name: Mendenhall, Nancy P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine

description: Background. Proton therapy offers superior low and intermediate radiation dose distribution compared with photon-based radiation for brain and skull base tumors; yet tissue within and adjacent to the target volume may receive a comparable radiation dose. We investigated the tolerance of the pediatric brainstem to proton therapy and identified prognostic variables.Material and methods. All patients < 18 years old with tumors of the brain or skull base treated from 2007 to 2013 were reviewed; 313 who received > 50.4 CGE to the brainstem were included in this study. Brainstem toxicity was graded according to the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v4.0.Results. The three most common histologies were ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, and low-grade glioma. Median patient age was 5.9 years (range 0.5–17.9 years) and median prescribed dose was 54 CGE (range 48.6–75.6 CGE). The two-year cumulative incidence of toxicity was 3.8% ± 1.1%. The two-year cumulative incidence of grade 3 + toxicity was 2.1% ± 0.9%. Univariate analysis identified age < 5 years, posterior fossa tumor location and specific dosimetric parameters as factors associated with an increased risk of toxicity.Conclusion. Utilization of current national brainstem dose guidelines is associated with a low risk of brainstem toxicity in pediatric patients. For young patients with posterior fossa tumors, particularly those who undergo aggressive surgery, our data suggest more conservative dosimetric guidelines should be considered.
title: Le conte des langues
title: The tale of languages
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Le Moullec, Yann
Publisher: name: COCOON - https://cocoon.huma-num.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Angaataha
subject: agm

description: A story of how the Angaatiya people spread the languages of the world and split into clans.
description: Ce conte développe trois thèmes majeurs de la mythologie angaataha : (i) la construction d'une grande maison pour « aller voir le ciel » ; (ii) la distribution des langues à travers le monde ; (iii) le peuplement de la vallée du Langimar. Il contient aussi des allusions aux contes du feu et du héros Kurenjoho, mais c'est une autre histoire (lien vers les textes). La narration hésite entre le récit traditionnel et l'influence chrétienne. Le projet d'une maison démesurée, qui vire à la discorde et à la dispersion des langues, rappelle l'épisode biblique de la Tour de Babel (Gen. 11:1-9). Par ailleurs, Dieu (Autaːhaːtoho, « l'Être suprême, celui qui est au-dessus (autaːhɨ) ») est présenté comme le créateur du monde -- des maisons, du feu, des organes génitaux, du héros Kurenjoho, des ancêtres, des noms de toutes choses. D'un point de de vue linguistique, le texte est riche en propositions relatives. On compte ainsi 32 occurrences du verbe yotohaha « (les langues) qu'ils jetaient » pour énumérer tous les pays, toutes les provinces, toutes les villes et même les territoires anga où les langues ont été envoyées. L'accord en -ha sur le verbe suppose le nom puwaha « langue (mais aussi la parole ou l'histoire) ». L'accord en genre en angaataha, comme dans de nombreuses autres langues papoues, permet de suivre le fil de la référence lorsqu'un constituant n'est pas exprimé lexicalement (Foley 1986:78). On remarquera également, dans ce texte, que le concept d'existence (« il y a S », « S existe », etc.) est exprimé par des verbes différents selon des critères sémantiques. En particulier, S animé est associé au verbe bim-t- « être assis » (sit-be), alors que S inanimé est associé au verbe ah-t- « être posé » (put-be). C'est un système de verbes classificateurs comparable à celui d'autres langues papoues (Lang 1975). Exceptionnellement, par moments, l'existence des langues est formulée avec le verbe bim-t- « être assis » (bindataise). Il faut y voir une forme de personnification. Foley William A., 1986, The Papuan languages of New Guinea, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Lang Adrianne, 1975, The Semantics of Classificatory Verbs in Enga (and other Papua New Guinea languages, Canberra, Pacific Linguistics.
description: Conforms to: doi:10.34847/cocoon.49aefa90-8c1f-3ba8-a099-0ebefc6a2aa7
Sommer- und Wintererbsen
Creators: name: Bader, Julia
name: Blessing, Carola
name: Mack, Ralf
name: Quendt, Ulrich
name: Rusch, Katharina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Erbse
Saison

description: Die gemeine Erbse (Pisum sativum) wird als Futter-bzw. Gründüngungserbse und als Eiweiß- bzw. Körnererbsen angebaut. Am weitesten verbreitet ist der Anbau durch Aussaat im Frühjahr. Die Erbse ist jedoch ausreichend winterhart, um in einigen Gegenden mit Herbstaussaat an-gebaut zu werden. Angesicht eines zunehmenden Risikos von Frühsommertrockenheit durch den Klimawandel könnten bei Sommererbsen zunehmend Ertragseinbußen auftreten. Deshalb rückt der Wintererbsenanbau verstärkt in den Fokus. Wichtige Eigenschaften für die Herbstaussaat sind Winterhärte, Ertragsleistung und Standfestigkeit. Im Folgenden werden die jeweiligen Ansprüche der Winter- und Sommererbsen im Anbau gegenübergestellt.
Long-term functional and radiological pulmonary changes after radiation therapy for breast cancer
Creators: name: Anderson, Martin
name: Goldman, Ulla Blom
name: Svane, Gunilla
name: Wennberg, Berit
name: Lind, Pehr
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Cancer
Biological Sciences
Cell Biology
Medicine

description: Background. We assessed late functional and radiological pulmonary changes in breast cancer patients after a median of 11 years following radiotherapy (RT).Material and methods. Seventy women who received adjuvant loco-regional RT for breast cancer during November 1994–May 1998 accepted to participate in this follow-up study. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) (n = 56) were compared to pre-RT examinations and diagnostic computer tomography (CT) of the lungs (n = 70) were performed and compared to four months post-RT examinations.Result. The median-matched vital capacity (VC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and total lung capacity (TLC) were reduced 15%, 9%, and 7%, respectively, at the long-term follow-up (p < 0.001). We could not, however, detect a correlation between ipsilateral V20 and VC-changes. Diffusion capacity (DLCO) appeared to improve compared with the pre-RT baseline level probably due to transient chemotherapy-induced toxicity. The median-matched percentage of the predicted DLCO 11 years after RT was, however, only 86%, indicating a chronic therapy-induced reduction also of this metric. According to the Arriagada classification, ipsilateral V20 and long-term CT-changes showed a significant correlation (rs: 0. 57; p < 0.001) in a small subset of the women.Conclusion. A chronic clinically significant reduction of PFTs compared to pre-RT values and CT-changes four months after RT were still detectable after a median follow-up of 11 years. There was a statistical correlation between V20 and abnormalities on CT but no statistical correlation between V20 and VC-changes.
Understanding Collective Gestural Improvisations; a Computational Approach
Creators: name: Solís, Hugo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006

description: Gestural Improvisation is a type of free improvisation that aims to create short and long-term relationships in the acoustic parameters of music, such as pitch and intensity. The gestural improvisation style is closely related to the concept of real-time composition. This work describes a set of experiments based on signal processing methods and machine learning techniques that are applied to gestural improvisation music. These methods are commonly applied to other styles of music and employed in music information retrieval and computational musicology, among other elds. As a case-study, a set of twenty-one multi-channel recordings of music performed by the ve- member gestural improvisation group EnsAmble Crumble is analyzed. The theoretical framework presented includes a state-of-the-art scenario of computer improvisatory systems as part of an overview of musical concepts related to improvisation and structure. A section explaining the tools and technologies employed for analysis is given as a reference and a guide. The analyzed data is described in detail and a brief description of the author's previous experience in the development of gestural improvisation and improvisatory systems is also given. Finally, the results and conclusions of the analysis are presented with examples from the study the behavior of one instrument during the collective performance, the global interaction of one instrument across all of the recordings, and the interaction of all the members across all of the improvisations. In conclusion, basic rules of interaction were found that can be employed in the generation of computational models of musical improvisation. Such models may be integrated into virtual musical partners with a better musical intelligence than the systems currently available. A set of appendixes includes three articles that complement the work. The appendix contains the description of the Moz- Art-Global-Art project
Phase II study of neoadjuvant pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ± trastuzumab followed by docetaxel in locally advanced breast cancer
Creators: name: Balslev, Eva
name: Nielsen, Dorte L.
name: Malgorzata K. Tuxen
name: Soeren Cold
name: Tange, Ulla B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Engineering

description: Phase II study of neoadjuvant pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide ± trastuzumab followed by docetaxel in locally advanced breast cancer
Proton therapy in adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer: Planning comparison with advanced x-ray therapy and feasibility report
Creators: name: Metz, James M.
name: Plastaras, John P.
name: Dionisi, Francesco
name: Avery, Stephen
name: Lukens, John N.
name: Xuanfeng Ding
name: Kralik, John
name: Kirk, Maura
name: Roses, Robert E.
name: Amichetti, Maurizio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: Chemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Physics
subject: Biophysics

description: Background. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improves both overall- and relapse-free survival in patients with resected gastric cancer. However, this comes at the cost of increased treatment-related toxicity. Proton therapy (PT) has distinct dosimetric characteristics that may reduce dose to normal tissues, improving the therapeutic ratio. The purpose of this treatment planning study is to compare PT and intensity-modulated x-ray therapy (IMXT) in gastric cancer with regards to normal tissue sparing.Material and methods. The patient population consisted of resected gastric cancer patients treated at a single institution between 2008 and 2013. Patients who had undergone 4D CT simulation were replanned to the originally delivered doses (45–54 Gy in 25–30 daily fractions) using six-field photon IMXT and 2–3-field PT (double scattering-uniform scanning techniques).Results. Thirteen patients were eligible for the planning comparison. IMXT provided slightly higher homogeneity indices (median values 0.04 ± 0.01 vs. 0.07 ± 0.01, p = 0.03). PT resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower intermediate-low doses for all the normal tissues examined (small bowel V15 82 ml vs. 133 ml, liver mean doses Gy 11.9 vs. 14.4 Gy, left/right kidney mean doses 5/0.9 Gy vs. 7.8/3.1 Gy, heart mean doses 7.4 Gy vs. 9.5 Gy). The total energy deposited outside the target volume was significantly lower with PT (median integral dose 90.1 J vs. 129 J). Four patients were treated with PT: treatment was feasible and verifications scans showed that target coverage was robust.Conclusion. PT can contribute to normal tissue sparing in the adjuvant treatment of gastric cancer, with a potential benefit in terms of compliance to treatment, acute and late toxicities.
The Role of Task and Environment in Biologically Inspired Artificial Intelligence: Learning as an Active, Sensorimotor Process
Creators: name: Clay, Viviane
Publisher: name: Universität Osnabrück
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence
subject: Cognitive Science
subject: Sensorimotor Learning
subject: Active Learning
subject: 500 - Naturwissenschaften
subject: 54.72 - Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: I.2.6 - Learning

description: The fields of biologically inspired artificial intelligence, neuroscience, and psychology have had exciting influences on each other over the past decades. Especially recently, with the increased popularity and success of artificial neural networks (ANNs), ANNs have enjoyed frequent use as models for brain function. However, there are still many disparities between the implementation, algorithms, and learning environment used for deep learning and those employed by the brain, which is reflected in their differing abilities. I first briefly introduce ANNs and survey the differences and similarities between them and the brain. I then make a case for designing the learning environment of ANNs to be more similar to that in which brains learn, namely by allowing them to actively interact with the world and decreasing the amount of external supervision. To implement this sensorimotor learning in an artificial agent, I use deep reinforcement learning, which I will also briefly introduce and compare to learning in the brain. In the research presented in this dissertation, I focus on testing the hypothesis that the learning environment matters and that learning in an embodied way leads to acquiring different representations of the world. We first tested this on human subjects, comparing spatial knowledge acquisition in virtual reality to learning from an interactive map. The corresponding two publications are complemented by a methods paper describing eye tracking in virtual reality as a helpful tool in this type of research. After demonstrating that subjects do indeed learn different spatial knowledge in the two conditions, we test whether this transfers to artificial agents. Two further publications show that an ANN learning through interaction learns significantly different representations of the sensory input than ANNs that learn without interaction. We also demonstrate that through end-to-end sensorimotor learning, an ANN can learn visually-guided motor control and navigation behavior in a complex 3D maze environment without any external supervision using curiosity as an intrinsic reward signal. The learned representations are sparse, encode meaningful, action-oriented information about the environment, and can perform few-shot object recognition despite not knowing any labeled data beforehand. Overall, I make a case for increasing the realism of the computational tasks ANNs need to solve (largely self-supervised, sensorimotor learning) to improve some of their shortcomings and make them better models of the brain.
Socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival: A population-based study of adult patients diagnosed in Osaka, Japan, during the period 1993–2004
Creators: name: Nakaya, Tomoki
name: Miyashiro, Isao
name: Ito, Yuri
name: Nakayama, Tomio
name: Ioka, Akiko
name: Tsukuma, Hideaki
name: Rachet, Bernard
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Science Policy
subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology

description: Background. Long-term recession of the Japanese economy during the 1990s led to growing social inequalities whilst health inequalities also appeared. The 2007 National Cancer Control Program of Japan targeted “equalisation of cancer medical services”, but the system to monitor health inequalities was still inadequate. We aimed to measure socioeconomic inequalities in cancer survival in Japan.Material and methods. We analysed 13 common invasive, primary, malignant tumours diagnosed from 1993 to 2004 and registered by the population-based Cancer Registry of Osaka Prefecture. An ecological socioeconomic deprivation index based on small area statistics, divided into quintile groups, was linked to patients according to their area of residence at the time of diagnosis. We estimated one-, five-year and conditional five-year net survival by sex, period of diagnosis (1993–1996/1997–2000/2001–2004) and deprivation group. Changes in survival over time, deprivation gap in survival, and change in deprivation gap were estimated at one and five years after diagnosis using variance-weighted least square regression.Results. The deprivation gap in one-year net survival was narrower than in five-year net survival and conditional five-year survival. During the study period, there was no change in deprivation gap, except for reductions for pancreas (men) and stomach (women), and an increase for lung (men) in one-year survival. We observed a linear association between level of survival and deprivation gap at five years and conditional five years, but no association at one-year survival.Conclusion. A wide deprivation gap in survival was observed in most of the adult, solid, malignant tumours, within the universal healthcare system in Japan. Overall, cancer survival improved in Osaka without any widening of inequalities in cancer survival in 1993–2004, shortly after the long-term economic recession and deep modifications in the social and work environments in Japan. The longer term impact of the recession on inequalities in cancer survival needs to be monitored using population-based cancer registry data.
title: Programme SHCC, cycle 8, Politique(s) du cinéma, séances du 24 octobre 2013 au 12 juin 2014
Creators: name: Gauthier, Christophe
name: Kerlan, Anne
name: Vezyroglou, Dimitri
name: Séminaire Histoire Culturelle Du Cinéma
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021

description: Relation: http://purl.org/poi/crdo.vjf.cnrs.fr/cocoon-92425642-300c-49bd-8256-42300c59bd18
Feet (Medical illustrations)
Creators: name: Francone, Clarice Ashworth
Publisher: name: Oregon Health & Science University
Year: 0
Subjects: Medical Illustration
Foot
Foot Bones
Orthopedic Procedures
Foot Diseases

description: Pencil drawings of surgery on the feet and shins, the muscular and skeletal structures of the feet skin, conditions on the feet and sketches of feet viewed from various angles.
Chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity of primary cultures of epithelial ovarian cancer cells from patients in relation to tumour characteristics and therapeutic outcome
Creators: name: Larsson, Rolf
name: Heideman, Anne Von
name: Tholander, Bengt
name: Grundmark, Birgitta
name: Cajander, Stefan
name: Gerdin, Eva
name: Holm, Leif
name: Axelsson, Agneta
name: Rosenberg, Per
name: Mahteme, Haile
name: Daniel, Erika
name: Nygren, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: Hematology
Science Policy
Cancer
Biological Sciences
Chemistry
Biotechnology
Pharmacology
Cell Biology
Biochemistry

description: Background. A number of chemotherapeutic drugs are active in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) but so far choice of drugs for treatment is mostly empirically based. Testing of drug activity in tumour cells from patients might provide a rationale for a more individualised approach for drug selection. Material and methods. Sensitivity of EOC to chemotherapeutic drugs was analysed in 125 tumour samples from 112 patients using a short-term primary culture assay based on the concept of total cell kill. Sensitivity was related to tumour histology, treatment status and clinical tumour response. Results. For most EOC standard drugs serous high grade and clear cell EOC were the most sensitive subtypes and the mucinous tumours the most resistant subtype. Docetaxel, however, tended to show the opposite pattern. Samples from previously treated patients tended to be more resistant than those from treatment naïve patients. The activity of cisplatin correlated with that of other drugs with the exception of docetaxel. Tumour samples from two sites in the same patient at the same occasion showed similar cisplatin sensitivity in contrast to samples taken at different occasions. Samples from patients responding in the clinic to treatment were more sensitive to most drugs than samples from non-responding patients. At the individual patient level, drug sensitivity in vitro compared with clinical response showed sensitivities and specificities in the 83–100% and 55–83% ranges, respectively. Conclusions. Assessment of EOC tumour cell drug sensitivity in vitro provides clinically relevant and potentially useful information for the optimisation of drug treatment.
A comparison of patient position displacements from body surface laser scanning and cone beam CT bone registrations for radiotherapy of pelvic targets
Creators: name: Nilsson, Kristina
name: Wikström, Kenneth
name: Isacsson, Ulf
name: Ahnesjö, Anders
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Physics
subject: Biophysics

description: Background and purpose. Optical surface detection has attractive features as a mean in radiotherapy for patient positioning tasks such as set-up, monitoring and gating. To aid in hitting radiotherapy targets the correlation between detected surface displacements and internal structure displacements is crucial. In this study, we compare set-up displacements derived from a body surface laser scanning (BSLS) system to displacements derived from bone registrations with a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) system in order to quantify the accuracy and applicability of BSLS for fractionated treatments in the pelvic region. Material and methods. Displacements from concurrent BSLS and CBCT registrations were compared for 40 patients treated in the pelvic region for a total of 170 set-ups. Surface data captured by BSLS at the first treatment fraction (BSLSref) was used as main reference for the BSLS system, while bony structures from the planning CT were used as a reference for the CBCT method. As comparison, the patient outline extracted from the planning CT was used as BSLS reference (CTref). The displacements detected by the CBCT system (skin-marks-only) was also used for comparison. Results. The mean differences (± 1 SD) between the BSLS and CBCT displacements were −0.01 (± 0.17) cm, 0.00 (± 0.21) cm and 0.01 (± 0.17) cm in the lateral, longitudinal and vertical directions, respectively. The median length of the difference was 0.26 cm (0.24–0.29 cm, 95% CI). The median of the difference between CBCT and BSLS displacements based on CTref was 0.37 cm (0.30–0.39 cm) and the median for skin-marks-only was 0.38 cm (0.34–0.42 cm). Conclusions. The BSLS system is a good supplement to the CBCT system for accurate set-up for fractions when no CBCT is deemed necessary for pelvic targets. Inter-fractional skin movement in relation to bone was estimated to be 0.2 cm in the lateral (X), longitudinal (Y) and vertical direction (Z), respectively.
Evaluation of an application for intensity-based deformable image registration and dose accumulation in radiotherapy
Creators: name: Thor, Maria
name: Petersen, Jørgen B. B.
name: Tanderup, Kari
name: Bentzen, Lise
name: Høyer, Morten
name: Muren, Ludvig P.
name: Andersen, Else S.
name: Sørensen, Thomas S.
name: Noe, Karsten Ø.
name: Elstrøm, Ulrik V.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Physics
subject: Biophysics

description: Background. Methods to accurately accumulate doses in radiotherapy (RT) are important for tumour and normal tissues being influenced by geometric uncertainties. The purpose of this study was to investigate a pre-release deformable image registration (DIR)-based dose accumulation application, in the setting of prostate RT.Material and methods. Initially accumulated bladder and prostate doses were assessed (based on 8–9 repeat CT scans/patient) for nine prostate cancer patients using an intensity-based DIR and dose accumulation algorithm as provided by the Dynamic Adaptive Radiation Therapy (DART) software. The accumulated bladder and prostate dose-volume histograms (DVHs) were compared on a range of parameters (paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 5% significance level) to DVHs derived using an in-house developed dose accumulation method based on biomechanical, contour-driven DIR (SurfaceRegistration). Finally, both these accumulated dose distributions were compared to the ‘static’ DVH, assessed from the planning CT.Results. Over the population, doses accumulated with DART were overall lower than those from SurfaceRegistration (p < 0.05: D2%, gEUD and NTCP (bladder); Dmin (prostate)). The magnitude of these differences peaked for the bladder gEUD with a population median of 47 Gy for DART versus 57 Gy for SurfaceRegistration. Across the ten bladder dose/volume parameters investigated, the most pronounced individual differences were observed between the ‘accumulated’ DVHs and the ‘static’ DVHs, with deviations in mean dose up to 22 Gy.Conclusion. Substantial and significant differences were observed in the dose distributions between the two investigated DIR-based dose accumulation applications. The most pronounced individual differences were seen for the bladder and relative to the planned dose distribution, encouraging the use of repeat imaging data in RT planning and evaluation for this organ.
title: Polarization dependence of Schottky barrier heights at interfaces of ferroelectrics determined by photoelectron spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chen, Feng
name: Klein, Andreas
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2022

description: Ferroelectric polarization in thin films is stabilized by screening charges in the metal electrodes. Imperfect screening of the polarization charge strongly modifies the film's capacitance and should lead to a variation of the Schottky barrier height at the interface with polarization direction. An experimental approach based on photoelectron spectroscopy is introduced which allows us to quantitatively determine Schottky barrier heights at ferroelectric/metal interfaces in dependence on polarization. The procedure is exemplified for BaTiO₃ single crystals with RuO₂ and Pt electrodes, revealing a variation of Schottky barrier height of 1.1 and 0.65 eV in dependence on polarization for RuO₂ and Pt electrodes, respectively. Inhomogeneous barrier switching is observed for Pt electrodes, which may be related to defect formation during metal deposition.
Relationship between the prognostic and predictive value of the intrinsic subtypes and a validated gene profile predictive of loco-regional control and benefit from post-mastectomy radiotherapy in patients with high-risk breast cancer
Creators: name: Tramm, Trine
name: Kyndi, Marianne
name: Myhre, Simen
name: Nord, Silje
name: Alsner, Jan
name: Sørensen, Flemming Brandt
name: Sørlie, Therese
name: Overgaard, Jens
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Genetics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biophysics

description: Background. Breast cancer is characterized by great molecular heterogeneity demonstrated, e.g. by the intrinsic subtypes. Administration of post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) does, however, not reflect this heterogeneity. A gene profile (DBCG-RT profile) has recently been developed and validated, and has shown prognostic impact in terms of loco-regional failure and predictive impact for PMRT. Reports have also shown predictive value in terms of benefit of PMRT from intrinsic subtypes and derived approximations. The aim of this study was to examine: 1) the agreement between various methods for determining the intrinsic subtypes; and 2) the relationship between the prognostic and predictive impact of the DBCG-RT profile and the intrinsic subtypes.Material and methods. Intrinsic subtypes and the DBCG-RT profile was determined from microarray analysis based on fresh frozen tissue from 191 patients included in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (DBCG) 82bc trial. Corresponding formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue was available from 146 of these patients and from another 890 DBCG82bc patients. Estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, HER2, CK5/6, Ki-67 and EGFR were combined into immunohistochemical approximations of the intrinsic subtypes. Endpoint considered was loco-regional recurrence (LRR).Results. The DBCG-RT profile identified a group of patients with low risk of LRR and no additional benefit from PMRT among all subtypes. Combining six immunohistochemical markers identified a subgroup of triple negative patients with high risk of LRR and significant benefit from PMRT. Agreement in the different assignments of tumors to the subtypes was suboptimal, and the clinical outcome and predicted benefit from PMRT varied according to the method used for assignment.Conclusion. The prognostic and predictive information obtained from the DBCG-RT profile cannot be substituted by any approximation of the tumors intrinsic subtype. The predictive value of the intrinsic subtypes in terms of PMRT was influenced by the method used for assignment to the intrinsic subtypes.
title: Reversible metal-insulator transition of Ar-irradiated LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ interfaces
Creators: name: Aurino, P. P.
name: Kalabukhov, A.
name: Tuzla, N.
name: Olsson, E.
name: Klein, Andreas
name: Erhart, P.
name: Boikov, Y. A.
name: Serenkov, I. T.
name: Sakharov, V. I.
name: Claeson, T.
name: Winkler, D.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2022

description: The conducting state of a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas (q2DEG), formed at the heterointerface between the two wide-bandgap insulators LaAlO₃ (LAO) and SrTiO₃, can be made completely insulating by low-energy, 150-eV, Ar⁺ irradiation. The metallic behavior of the interface can be recovered by high-temperature oxygen annealing. The electrical transport properties of the recovered q2DEG are exactly the same as before the irradiation. Microstructural investigations confirm that the transition is not due to physical etching or crystal lattice distortion of the LAO film below its critical thickness. They also reveal a correlation between electrical state, LAO film surface amorphization, and argon ion implantation. The experimental results are in agreement with density functional theory calculations of Ar implantation and migration in the LAO film. This suggests that the metal-insulator transition may be caused by charge trapping in the defect amorphous layer created during the ion irradiation.
Adjuvant volumetric-modulated arc therapy with simultaneous integrated boost in endometrial cancer. Planning and toxicity comparison
Creators: name: Deodato, Francesco
name: Scambia, Giovanni
name: Ferrandina, Gabriella
name: Macchia, Gabriella
name: Cilla, Savino
name: Morganti, Alessio Giuseppe
name: Legge, Francesco
name: Piermattei, Angelo
name: Chiantera, Vito
name: Valentini, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Chemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine
subject: Physics

description: Objective. To report dosimetric and acute toxicity data in prospectively enrolled high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer (HIR-EC) patients postoperatively irradiated by simultaneous integrated boost volumetric modulated arc therapy (SIB-VMAT). Methods. Thirty prospectively enrolled HIR-EC patients were postoperatively treated by SIB-VMAT. Target coverage, dose homogeneity, and sparing of organs at risk (OARs) were compared with corresponding data retrieved from an historical control (30 consecutive selected matched patients) treated by concomitant boost three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D CRT CB) from a previously published study (ADA-I trial). All patients received 45 Gy on pelvic lymph nodes plus 10 Gy boost on the vaginal vault. Results. The SIB-VMAT technique produced more inhomogeneous plans than 3D CRT CB, but showed significantly better conformity index (CIs) for both PTVs. SIB-VMAT was associated with significant reduction in the irradiated small bowel (SB) volume compared with 3D CRT CB for all dose range > 10 Gy (e.g. V15: 163.5 cm3 vs. 341.3 cm3, p = 0.001 and V40: 43.8 cm3 vs. 85.2 cm3, p = 0.008). With regard to bladder and rectum, SIB-VMAT showed a significant sparing advantage at all dose levels with respect to 3D CRT CB retrieved plans. Moreover, overall OARs Dmean were significantly reduced by the SIB-VMAT (p = 0.001). According to CTCAE v.4.0, acute (within three months) GI toxicities were more frequent in 3D CRT CB versus SIB-VMAT (90.0% vs. 66.7%; p-value 0.028). Conclusions. Compared to data from a historical database of patients administered 3D CRT CB, SIB-VMAT significantly improves the dose conformity and sparing of OARs in HIR-EC patients undergoing postoperative radiotherapy. The improvement in terms of acute toxicity justifies further prospective clinical evaluation.
title: Role of copper interstitials in CuInSe₂: First-principles calculations
Creators: name: Pohl, Johan
name: Klein, Andreas
name: Albe, Karsten
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2022

description: Formation enthalpies and migration barriers of copper interstitials and Frenkel pairs in CuInSe₂ (CIS) are determined by first-principles calculations within density functional theory using the nonlocal screened exchange Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE06) functional. Interstitials occur on four symmetrically inequivalent sites with formation enthalpies of 0.17–0.38 eV, which are much lower than previously reported values based on local approximations. A direct interstitial and indirect interstitialcy diffusion mechanism with migration barriers as low as 0.22 and 0.34 eV are identified. The results provide evidence that the fast interstitial diffusion of copper is important for understanding metastabilities, Fermi-level pinning at interfaces, electric-field-induced creation of p-n junctions, and widely varying experimentally measured diffusion coefficients in CIS devices.
title: Surface states, surface potentials, and segregation at surfaces of tin-doped In₂O₃
Creators: name: Gassenbauer, Y.
name: Schafranek, R.
name: Klein, Andreas
name: Zafeiratos, S.
name: Hävecker, M.
name: Knop-Gericke, A.
name: Schlögl, R.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society
Year: 2022

description: Surfaces of In₂O₃ and tin-doped In₂O₃ (ITO) were investigated using photoelectron spectroscopy. Parts of the measurements were carried out directly after thin film preparation by magnetron sputtering without breaking vacuum. In addition samples were measured during exposure to oxidizing and reducing gases at pressures of up to 100Pa using synchrotron radiation from the BESSY II storage ring. Reproducible changes of binding energies with temperature and atmosphere are observed, which are attributed to changes of the surface Fermi level position. We present evidence that the Fermi edge emission observed at ITO surfaces is due to metallic surface states rather than to filled conduction band states. The observed variation of the Fermi level position at the ITO surface with experimental conditions is accompanied by a large apparent variation of the core level to valence band maximum binding energy difference as a result of core-hole screening by the free carriers in the surface states. In addition segregation of Sn to the surface is driven by the surface potential gradient. At elevated temperatures the surface Sn concentration reproducibly changes with exposure to different environments and shows a correlation with the Fermi level position.
A method to estimate composite doses for organs at risk in prostate cancer patients treated with EBRT in combination with HDR BT
Creators: name: Pettersson, Niclas
name: Karl-Axel Johansson
name: Alsadius, David
name: Tucker, Susan L.
name: Steineck, Gunnar
name: Olsson, Caroline
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Biological Sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Medicine

description: Background. When evaluating late toxicity after combined external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and high-dose rate brachytherapy (HDR BT) prostate cancer treatments, it is important that the composite dose distribution is taken into account. This can be challenging if organ-at-risk (OAR) dose data are incomplete, i.e. due to a limited ultrasound imaging field-of-view in the HDR BT procedure. This work proposes a method that provides estimates of composite OAR doses for such situations.Material and methods. Original EBRT, simulated HDR BT, and composite dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for 10 pelvic OARs in 30 prostate cancer cases were used for method implementation and evaluation (EBRT: 25 × 2.0 Gy + BT: 2 × 10.0 Gy). The proposed method used information from the EBRT DVH to estimate OAR BT doses (with or without fractionation correction). Coefficients of determination (R2) were calculated for linear relationships between several EBRT DVH parameters and a BT DVH parameter of interest. The largest R2 value decided the relationship that best predicted the BT DVH parameter. The composite dose value was then calculated by adding the EBRT DVH and the estimated BT DVH parameter values and was compared to the reference composite value (in 1200 OAR/patient/parameter cases).Results. The linear relationships had an average R2 of 0.68 (range 0.42–0.88). Only one ninth of the 1200 estimated composite DVH values differed more than 2 Gy from their reference values.Conclusion. Given a successful implementation, the proposed method only requires original or simulated BT plan data for a subset of patients to estimate composite doses for large study populations in a time-efficient manner. This can assist in evaluating radiation-induced late toxicity in multimodality treatments with limited OAR dose data.