cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Crystallization, morphology and self-assembly of double, triple and tetra crystalline block polymers
Creators: name: Palacios, Jordana K.
name: Michell, Rose Mary
name: Müller, Alejandro J.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: This review compiles a comprehensive analysis of the crystallization behaviour and self-assembly of block copolymers with up to four potentially crystallizable phases. It covers the recent advances in block copolymer crystallization, focusing on several factors that affect the development of crystalline structures: melt strength, thermal transitions, cooling conditions, chemical nature, composition, and molecular architectures, such as linear, multiblocks, stars, and combs, as well as nanofillers and other additives. Block copolymers with different blocks can exhibit double, triple, and tetra crystalline structures. Following the crystallization behaviour of four different crystalline phases is very complex and relays on the interplay of the different blocks and the crystallization conditions. The self-assembly of four lamellar crystals is a unique structure with featured properties at the nanoscale. Depending on the segregation strength, the crystalline morphology can be either driven by phase separation resulting from polymer crystallization or set by a microdomain melt structure. Mixed lamellar arrangement in 3D spherulitic microscale structures or well-separated crystalline microdomains can be developed. The crystallization phenomena in block copolymers include enhanced nucleation, plasticizing and anti-plasticizing effects, fractionation, and soft and hard confinement. The crystallization kinetics is highly influenced by the chain dynamics of each block. Star block copolymers exhibit either enhanced or retarded crystallization rates depending on block position. Other external compounds, such as plasticizers and nanofillers, may enhance the crystallizability of block copolymers.
Influence of Mikania micrantha Kunth Flavonoids on Compo-sition of Soil Microbial Community
Creators: name: 杨淇淋(Qilin Yang)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2025
Subjects: Raw sequence reads
Environment
Environmental

description: Mikania micrantha is a highly destructive invasive plant causing major ecological and economic damage. While research has studied its growth and control, the role of its flavonoids in soil microbes has been less explored. Our study shows that flavonoids from M. micrantha's roots help beneficial soil microbes grow, improve nitrogen cycling, and increase nutrient availability, which aids the plant's invasion. Understanding these flavonoid effects could lead to new ways to reduce M. micrantha's negative impacts, offering a sustainable and eco-friendly management strategy based on plant-microbe interactions.
Adherence, helpfulness and barriers to treatment in juvenile idiopathic arthritis : data from a German Inception cohort
Creators: name: Kirchner, Sabine
name: Klotsche, Jens
name: Liedmann, Ina
name: Niewerth, Martina
name: Feldman, Debbie
name: Dressler, Frank
name: Foeldvari, Ivan
name: Foell, Dirk
name: Haas, Johannes-Peter
name: Horneff, Gerd
name: Hospach, Anton
name: Kallinich, Tilmann
name: Kuemmerle‑Deschner, J. B.
name: Moenkemoeller, Kirsten
name: Weller-Heinemann, Frank
name: Windschall, Daniel
name: Minden, Kirsten
name: Sengler, Claudia
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 618

description: Objectives: To develop and evaluate German versions of the Parent Adherence Report Questionnaire (PARQ) and Child Adherence Report Questionnaire (CARQ) and to evaluate adherence in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: The PARQ and CARQ were translated into German, cross-culturally adapted and administered to patients (age ≥ 8 years) and their parents enrolled in the Inception Cohort Study of newly diagnosed JIA patients (ICON). The psychometric issues were explored by analyzing their test–retest reliability and construct validity. Results: Four hundred eighty-one parents and their children with JIA (n = 465) completed the PARQ and CARQ at the 4-year follow-up. Mean age and disease duration of patients were 10.1 ± 3.7 and 4.7 ± 0.8 years, respectively. The rate of missing values for PARQ/CARQ was generally satisfactory, test-retesting showed sufficient reliability. PARQ/CARQ mean child ability total scores (0–100, 100 = best) for medication were 73.1 ± 23.3/76.5 ± 24.2, for exercise: 85.6 ± 16.5/90.3 ± 15.0, for splints: 72.9 ± 24.2/82.9 ± 16.5. Construct validity was supported by PARQ and CARQ scores for medications, exercise and splints showing a fair to good correlation with the Global Adherence Assessment (GAA) and selected PedsQL scales. Adolescents showed poorer adherence than children. About one third of the parents and children reported medication errors. Perceived helpfulness was highest for medication, and adverse effects were reported the greatest barrier to treatment adherence. Conclusions: The German versions of the PARQ and CARQ appear to have a good reliability and sufficient construct validity. These questionnaires are valuable tools for measuring treatment adherence, identifying potential barriers and evaluating helpfulness of treatments in patients with JIA.
Parameter Estimation of Gravitational Waves from Nonprecessing BH-NS Inspirals with higher harmonics: Comparing MCMC posteriors to an Effective Fisher Matrix
Creators: name: O'Shaughnessy, R.
name: Farr, B.
name: Ochsner, E.
name: Cho, Hee-Suk
name: Kim, C.
name: Lee, Chang-Hwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the \texttt{lalinference} Markov-chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation code, we examine two distinct nonprecessing black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) binaries with and without higher-order harmonics. Our simulations suggest that higher harmonics provide a minimal amount of additional information, principally about source geometry. Higher harmonics do provide disproportionately more information than expected from the signal power. Our results compare favorably to the "effective Fisher matrix" approach. Extrapolating using analytic scalings, we expect higher harmonics will provide little new information about nonprecessing BH-NS binaries at the signal amplitudes expected for the first few detections. Any study of subdominant degrees of freedom in gravitational wave astronomy can adopt the tools presented here ($V/V_{\rm prior}$ and $D_{KL}$) to assess whether new physics is accessible (e.g., modifications of gravity; spin-orbit misalignment) and if so precisely what information those new parameters provide. For astrophysicists, we provide a concrete illustration of how well parameters of a BH-NS binary can be measured, relevant to the astrophysical interpretation of coincident EM and GW events (e.g., short GRBs). For our fiducial initial-detector example, the individual masses can be determined to lie between $7.11-11.48 M_\odot$ and $1.77-1.276M_\odot$ at greater than 99% confidence, accounting for unknown BH spin. Assuming comparable control over waveform systematics, future measurements of BH-NS binaries can constrain the BH and perhaps NS mass distributions.
description: v2: Corrected figures, plus improvements in response to referee
The evolving polarised jet of black hole candidate Swift J1745-26
Creators: name: Curran, P. A.
name: Coriat, M.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Armstrong, R. P.
name: Edwards, P. G.
name: Sivakoff, G. R.
name: Woudt, P.
name: Altamirano, D.
name: Belloni, T. M.
name: Corbel, S.
name: Fender, R. P.
name: Kording, E. G.
name: Krimm, H. A.
name: Markoff, S.
name: Migliari, S.
name: Russell, D. M.
name: Stevens, J.
name: Tzioumis, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Swift J1745-26 is an X-ray binary towards the Galactic Centre that was detected when it went into outburst in September 2012. This source is thought to be one of a growing number of sources that display "failed outbursts", in which the self-absorbed radio jets of the transient source are never fully quenched and the thermal emission from the geometrically-thin inner accretion disk never fully dominates the X-ray flux. We present multifrequency data from the Very Large Array, Australia Telescope Compact Array and Karoo Array Telescope (KAT- 7) radio arrays, spanning the entire period of the outburst. Our rich data set exposes radio emission that displays a high level of large scale variability compared to the X-ray emission and deviations from the standard radio--X-ray correlation that are indicative of an unstable jet and confirm the outburst's transition from the canonical hard state to an intermediate state. We also observe steepening of the spectral index and an increase of the linear polarization to a large fraction (~50%) of the total flux, as well as a rotation of the electric vector position angle. These are consistent with a transformation from a self-absorbed compact jet to optically-thin ejecta -- the first time such a discrete ejection has been observed in a failed outburst -- and may imply a complex magnetic field geometry.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (16 pages; 5 figures; 2 tables, including online data)
Quantum Disentangled Liquids
Creators: name: Grover, Tarun
name: Fisher, Matthew P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and explore a new finite temperature phase of translationally invariant multi-component liquids which we call a "Quantum Disentangled Liquid" (QDL) phase. We contemplate the possibility that in fluids consisting of two (or more) species of indistinguishable quantum particles with a large mass ratio, the light particles might "localize" on the heavy particles. We give a precise, formal definition of this Quantum Disentangled Liquid phase in terms of the finite energy density many-particle wavefunctions. While the heavy particles are fully thermalized, for a typical fixed configuration of the heavy particles, the entanglement entropy of the light particles satisfies an area law; this implies that the light particles have not thermalized. Thus, in a QDL phase, thermal equilibration is incomplete, and the canonical assumptions of statistical mechanics are not fully operative. We explore the possibility of QDL in water, with the light proton degrees of freedom becoming "localized" on the oxygen ions. We do not presently know whether a local, generic Hamiltonian can have eigenstates of the QDL form, and if it can not, then the non-thermal behavior discussed here will exist as an interesting crossover phenomena at time scales that diverge as the ratio of the mass of the heavy to the light species also diverges.
description: 14 pages
Role of WTO in the Promotion of Trade and IPR in Afghanistan
Creators: name: Magoge, Jackson Simango
name: Hashimy, Sayed Qudrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 480308
subject: International trade and investment law

description: Accession to the World trade organization provided Afghanistan a platform to resolve its transit-related problems via this organization. The assessment of the impact of the World trade organization agreement can result in a dynamic capability that enables the country to respond to uncertain and changing business environments and to sustain its trade activities globally. The outcome and gaps can lead Afghanistan to work efficiently to enhance export, reduce imports and protect IPR regimes. The study reveals a lack of available and reliable research concerning trade and IPR protection in Afghanistan. It makes it challenging to integrate information and draw an interpretation about the impact of WTO on trade and IPR. The study’s objectives are to review the WTO agreement of business and IPR with Afghanistan and analyze the future scope of the WTO agreement on the economy of Afghanistan.
Entropy and Convexity for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations: Introduction
Creators: name: Ball, John M.
name: Chen, Gui-Qiang G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Partial differential equations are ubiquitous in almost all applications of mathematics, where they provide a natural mathematical description of many phenomena involving change in physical, chemical, biological, and social processes. The concept of entropy originated in thermodynamics and statistical physics during the 19th century to describe the heat exchanges that occur in the thermal processes in a thermodynamic system, while the original notion of convexity is for sets and functions in mathematics. Since then, entropy and convexity have become two of the most important concepts in mathematics. In particular, nonlinear methods via entropy and convexity have been playing an increasingly important role in the analysis of nonlinear partial differential equations in recent decades. This opening article of the theme issue is intended to provide an introduction to entropy, convexity, and related nonlinear methods for the analysis of nonlinear partial differential equations. We also provide a brief discussion about the content and contributions of the papers that make up this theme issue.
description: 8 pages
Non-cytotoxic aza-BODIPY triterpene conjugates to target the endoplasmic reticulum
Creators: name: Hoenke, Sophie
name: Brandes, Benjamin
name: Csuk, René
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 540

description: In search of suitable tool to target the endoplasmic reticulum of human tumor cells, a non-cytotoxic aza-BODIPY derivative was designed and accessed in a simple synthesis in a few steps from commercially available starting materials. This aza-BODIPY was conjugated to 3-O-acetyl-triterpene carboxylic acids (glycyrrhetinic, ursolic, oleanolic, and betulinic acid) using a piperazinyl spacer. The resulting conjugates exhibited no cytotoxicity but were able to selectively target the ER.
Edge-state instabilities of bosons in a topological band
Creators: name: Barnett, Ryan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we consider the dynamics of bosons in bands with non-trivial topological structure. In particular, we focus on the case where bosons are prepared in a higher-energy band and allowed to evolve. The Bogoliubov theory about the initial state can have a dynamical instability, and we show that it is possible to achieve the interesting situation where the topological edge modes are unstable while all bulk modes are stable. Thus, after the initial preparation, the edge modes will become rapidly populated. We illustrate this with the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model which can be realized with a double-well optical lattice and is perhaps the simplest model with topological edge states. This work provides a direct physical consequence of topological bands whose properties are often not of immediate relevance for bosonic systems.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Ready or Not? Understanding the factors that impact on offender treatment readiness
Creators: name: Churchill-Betts, Karla
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Poor engagement in treatment amongst forensic populations is associated with negative consequences for clients, practitioners, the criminal justice system, and general population. Therefore, understanding the factors which impact offending behaviour treatment engagement is a crucial issue in offender rehabilitation. This thesis aims to develop a more in-depth understanding of readiness to engage with treatment amongst forensic populations. A qualitative approach is applied to explore the views and opinions of both the individuals participating within offending behaviour programmes, and the staff whom are directly involved in the selection and facilitation of these programmes within a UK prison. Consensus regarding reasons for treatment completion/non-completion was found, which appeared to support the factors outlined in the Multifactor Offender Readiness Model (MORM), a model of treatment readiness. Furthermore, additional factors to those outlined within the MORM were also identified. The data and discoveries detailed throughout this thesis are rooted within original research, and provide a contribution to the understanding of offender treatment readiness. Furthermore, this thesis is the first to investigate the applicability of the MORM within the prison setting, making the project unique and novel. Based on the results found, implications for practice are discussed and areas for future research highlighted in order to further existing research. Recommendations to enhance readiness to engage with treatment are provided for both prisons and programme users. In addition, owing to the acknowledged need for individualised assessment and case formulation prior to treatment being offered to reduce the rates of inappropriate referral to treatment and utilise resources more efficiently, a treatment readiness formulation protocol has been developed by the author in response to the research findings.
${\cal PT}$-symmetric coupler with $χ^{(2)}$ nonlinearity
Creators: name: Li, K.
name: Zezyulin, D. A.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Konotop, V. V.
name: Abdullaev, F. Kh.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the notion of a ${\cal PT}$-symmetric dimer with a $χ^{(2)}$ nonlinearity. Similarly to the Kerr case, we argue that such a nonlinearity should be accessible in a pair of optical waveguides with quadratic nonlinearity and gain and loss, respectively. An interesting feature of the problem is that because of the two harmonics, there exist in general two distinct gain/loss parameters, different values of which are considered herein. We find a number of traits that appear to be absent in the more standard cubic case. For instance, bifurcations of nonlinear modes from the linear solutions occur in two different ways depending on whether the first or the second harmonic amplitude is vanishing in the underlying linear eigenvector. Moreover, a host of interesting bifurcation phenomena appear to occur including saddle-center and pitchfork bifurcations which our parametric variations elucidate. The existence and stability analysis of the stationary solutions is corroborated by numerical time-evolution simulations exploring the evolution of the different configurations, when unstable.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
The Contribution of z<6 Sources to the Spatial Coherence in the Unresolved Cosmic near-Infrared and X-ray Backgrounds
Creators: name: Helgason, Kari
name: Cappelluti, Nico
name: Hasinger, Guenther
name: Kashlinsky, Alexander
name: Ricotti, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spatial clustering signal has been established in Spitzer/IRAC measurements of the unresolved Cosmic near-Infrared Background (CIB) out to large angular scales, ~1 deg. This CIB signal, while significantly exceeding the contribution from the remaining known galaxies, was further found to be coherent at a highly statistically significant level with the unresolved soft Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB). This measurement probes the unresolved CXB to very faint source levels using deep near-IR source subtraction. We study contributions from extragalactic populations at low to intermediate redshifts to the measured positive cross-power signal of the CIB fluctuations with the CXB. We model the X-ray emission from AGN, normal galaxies and hot gas residing in virialized structures, calculating their CXB contribution including their spatial coherence with all infrared emitting counterparts. We use a halo model framework to calculate the auto and cross-power spectra of the unresolved fluctuations based on the latest constraints of the halo occupation distribution and the biasing of AGN, galaxies and diffuse emission. At small angular scales (<1'), the 4.5mic vs 0.5-2 keV coherence can be explained by shot noise from galaxies and AGN. However, at large angular scales (~10 arcmin) we find that the net contribution from the modeled populations is only able to account for ~3% of the measured CIBxCXB cross-power. The discrepancy suggests that the CIBxCXB signal originates from the same unknown source population producing the CIB clustering signal out to ~1 deg.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Symmetry-based computational search for novel binary and ternary 2D materials
Creators: name: Wang, Hai-Chen
name: Schmidt, Jonathan
name: Marques, Miguel
name: Wirtz, Ludger
name: Romero, Aldo H.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: We present a symmetry-based systematic approach to explore the structural and compositional richness of two-dimensional materials. We use a 'combinatorial engine' that constructs candidate compounds by occupying all possible Wyckoff positions for a certain space group with combinations of chemical elements. These combinations are restricted by imposing charge neutrality and the Pauling test for electronegativities. The structures are then pre-optimized with a specially crafted universal neural-network force-field, before a final step of geometry optimization using density-functional theory is performed. In this way we unveil an unprecedented variety of two-dimensional materials, covering the whole periodic table in more than 30 different stoichiometries of form AnBm or AnBmCk. Among the discovered structures, we find examples that can be built by decorating nearly all Platonic and Archimedean tessellations as well as their dual Laves or Catalan tilings. We also obtain a rich, and unexpected, polymorphism for some specific compounds. We further accelerate the exploration of the chemical space of two-dimensional materials by employing machine-learning-accelerated prototype search, based on the structural types discovered in the systematic search. In total, we obtain around 6500 compounds, not present in previous available databases of 2D materials, with a distance to the convex hull of thermodynamic stability smaller than 250 meV/atom.
Three-Dimensional Radiation-Hydrodynamics Calculations of the Envelopes of Young Planets Embedded in Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: D'Angelo, Gennaro
name: Bodenheimer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform global three-dimensional (3D) radiation-hydrodynamics calculations of the envelopes surrounding young planetary cores of 5, 10, and 15 Earth masses, located in a protoplanetary disk at 5 and 10 AU from a solar-mass star. We apply a nested-grid technique to resolve the thermodynamics of the disk at the orbital-radius length scale and that of the envelope at the core-radius length scale. The gas is modeled as a solar mixture of molecular and atomic hydrogen, helium, and their ions. The equation of state accounts for both gas and radiation, and gas energy includes contributions from rotational and vibrational states of molecular hydrogen and from ionization of atomic species. Dust opacities are computed from first principles, applying the full Mie theory. One-dimensional (1D) calculations of planet formation are used to supplement the 3D calculations by providing energy deposition rates in the envelope due to solids accretion. We compare 1D and 3D envelopes and find that masses and gas accretion rates agree within factors of 2, and so do envelope temperatures. The trajectories of passive tracers are used to define the size of 3D envelopes, resulting in radii much smaller than the Hill radius and smaller than the Bondi radius. The moments of inertia and angular momentum of the envelopes are determined and the rotation rates are derived from the rigid-body approximation, resulting in slow bulk rotation. We find that the polar flattening is < ~0.05. The dynamics of the accretion flow is examined by tracking the motion of tracers that move into the envelope. The anisotropy of this flow is characterized in terms of both its origin and impact site at the envelope surface. Gas merges with the envelope preferentially at mid- to high latitudes.
description: 32 pages, 19 figures, 3 tables. Published in The Astrophysical Journal. Updated with corrections added in proof
A high-throughput ab initio review of platinum-group alloy systems
Creators: name: Hart, Gus L. W.
name: Curtarolo, Stefano
name: Massalski, Thaddeus B.
name: Levy, Ohad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive study of the binary systems of the platinum group metals with the transition metals, using high-throughput first-principles calculations. These computations predict stability of new compounds in 38 binary systems where no compounds have been reported in the literature experimentally, and a few dozen of as yet unreported compounds in additional systems. Our calculations also identify stable structures at compound compositions that have been previously reported without detailed structural data and indicate that some experimentally reported compounds may actually be unstable at low temperatures. With these results we construct enhanced structure maps for the binary alloys of platinum group metals. These are much more complete, systematic and predictive than those based on empirical results alone.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures
The Legal Implications of "Perverse, Arbitrary, and Mala Fide" as Explicit Grounds for Challenging Credit Ratings in India
Creators: name: Magoge, Jackson Simango
name: Hashimy, Sayed Qudrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 350701
subject: Corporate governance
classificationCode: 480103
subject: Corporations and associations law
classificationCode: 350702
subject: Corporate social responsibility

description: Recently, the Delhi High Court delineates and circumscribes the scope of liability of Credit Ratings Agencies in the case of Jindal Power Limited v. ICRA Limited. The HC remarkably enumerated the grounds on which companies can challenge ratings issued by CRAs. The Court reasoned that CRAs provide expert opinions, with which the Court cannot interfere unless they are proved to be ‘perverse, arbitrary and mala fide’. Additionally, the case clarifies that CRAs are bound to observe the obligations as mentioned in the regulations and the same cannot be done away with by agreements concluded between the client and the CRA. This means that the court enumerates other grounds for suing a Credit Rating Agency before the court in India. Hence, the parameter for the court to interfere and entertain the disputes arising out of rating are based on those three grounds. Henceforth, the purpose of this Article analyzes the significance and potential implications of providing ‘perverse, arbitrary and mala fide’ as explicit grounds for challenging the ratings before the Court and its effects in India.
Ecosystem services as the silver bullet? : a systematic review of how ecosystem services assessments impact biodiversity prioritisation in policy
Creators: name: Zolyomi, Agnes
name: Franklin, Alex
name: Smith, Barbara
name: Soliev, Ilkhom
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 577

description: The concept of ecosystem services and their valuation have been used extensively across the last 20 years as a means of demonstrating the immense value of nature to policy-makers. Assessing ecosystem services and assigning an economic value to them has been thought of as the silver bullet. They were expected to bring the breakthrough for biodiversity prioritisation that is sorely needed amidst the current environmental crisis. The vast figures and values attributed to nature was thought to be capable of changing decision-makers’ rational minds to prioritise biodiversity in their agendas. However, to date, there has been limited research that explores how the focus on ecosystem services assessments (ESA) has impacted on policy. This understanding is profoundly needed as, despite much discussion of ecosystem services, biodiversity loss continues. To understand how policy impact is considered in ESA research and what factors enable it, this paper presents the findings from a systematic review of 137 research articles investigating ESA at the EU level (the EU is considered the trailblazer of environmental policy in the international policy arena). Of the studies captured in the systematic review, 48% of the assessments included monetary valuation methods, 62% involved experts or stakeholders and 72% specifically referred to EU, regional, national, or local policy documents. We found that 8% of the articles reported on policy impact, whilst only 8% assessed the potential enabling and 2% the hindering factors of their research to influence policy. It was evident that economic valuation, although widely used, does not necessarily lead to a higher reported policy impact. On the other hand, wide stakeholder involvement was highlighted as a key element to reach policy impact. In this paper we argue that limited coverage of impact is also partly because research on ecosystem services and their valuation, somewhat paradoxically, does not necessarily focus on the impact of these assessments. The findings thus demonstrate a need for further empirical research into the reasons for the insubstantial coverage of policy relevance in scientific reporting. The results also indicate the necessity for a review of ecosystem services valuations' actual effectiveness as a means of communicating scientific research to policy-makers. Furthermore, a wider discussion on complementary or alternative ways to upscale policy impacts is required, along with a better understanding of the target audience's needs.
Machine-learning-assisted determination of the global zero-temperature phase diagram of materials
Creators: name: Schmidt, Jonathan
name: Hoffmann, Noah
name: Wang, Hai-Chen
name: Borlido, Pedro
name: Carriço, Pedro J. M. A.
name: Cerqueira, Tiago F.T.
name: Botti, Silvana
name: Marques, Miguel
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: Crystal-graph attention neural networks have emerged recently as remarkable tools for the prediction of thermodynamic stability. The efficacy of their learning capabilities and their reliability is however subject to the quantity and quality of the data they are fed. Previous networks exhibit strong biases due to the inhomogeneity of the training data. Here a high-quality dataset is engineered to provide a better balance across chemical and crystal-symmetry space. Crystal-graph neural networks trained with this dataset show unprecedented generalization accuracy. Such networks are applied to perform machine-learning-assisted high-throughput searches of stable materials, spanning 1 billion candidates. In this way, the number of vertices of the global T = 0 K phase diagram is increased by 30% and find more than ≈150 000 compounds with a distance to the convex hull of stability of less than 50 meV atom−1. The discovered materials are then accessed for applications, identifying compounds with extreme values of a few properties, such as superconductivity, superhardness, and giant gap-deformation potentials.
Recommandations de configuration informatique
Creators: name: Chamberland, Éric
Publisher: name: Université Laval, Service de soutien à l'enseignement
Year: 2020
Subjects: Formation à distance
Enseignement à distance
Visioconférences--Matériel
Visioconférences sur Internet en éducation
Visioconférences--Équipement

description: Ce guide présente quelques balises technologiques et technopédagogiques pour l’enseignement synchrone et pour la production de capsules narrées avec un outil de visioconférence de bureau.
description: Ressources éducatives libres

REL

Open Educational Resources

OER
New Prototype Concepts in Classification Learning
Creators: name: Saralajew, Sascha
Publisher: name: Universität Bielefeld
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 510

description: Machine learning algorithms are becoming more and more important in everyday life. Applications in search engines, driver assistance systems, consumer electronics, and so on use them heavily and would not be as powerful without them. Neural Networks (NNs), for example, are state-of-the-art classification approaches and dominate the field. However, they are difficult to interpret and not fully understood. For instance, the existence of adversarial examples that are imperceptible to humans contradicts the general belief that convolutional NNs classify objects in images mainly by breaking them down into increasingly complex object shapes. In this thesis, we study prototype-based classification algorithms with the goal of improving the classification capabilities of such algorithms while simultaneously preserving robustness and interpretability properties. Moreover, we investigate how properties of prototype-based classification algorithms can be transferred to NNs in order to increase their interpretability. First, we derive the concept of set-prototypes and apply it in a Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) framework—a well-understood classification algorithm. We examine the mathematical properties and show that the derived method is provably robust against adversarial attacks. Furthermore, the method consistently outperforms other LVQ approaches while still being interpretable. Second, we relax the class-specific prototype concept to that of components and apply it in LVQ- and NN-based classifiers. This framework provides promising interpretation techniques for NNs. For example, we use them to explain how an adversarial attack is fooling an NN. We evaluate the methods on both toy and real-world datasets, including Indian Pine, MNIST, CIFAR-10, GTSRB, and ImageNet.
Ab-initio characterization of the quantum linear-zigzag transition using DMRG
Creators: name: Silvi, Pietro
name: Calarco, Tommaso
name: Morigi, Giovanna
name: Montangero, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ions of the same charge inside confining potentials can form crystalline structures which can be controlled by means of the ions density and of the external trap parameters. In particular, a linear chain of trapped ions exhibits a transition to a zigzag equilibrium configuration, which is controlled by the strength of the transverse confinement. Studying this phase transition in the quantum regime is a challenging problem, even when employing numerical methods to simulate microscopically quantum many-body systems. Here we present a compact analytical treatment to map the original long-range problem into a short-range quantum field theory on a lattice. We provide a complete numerical architecture, based on Density Matrix Renormalization Group, to address the effective quantum phi-four model. This technique is instrumental in giving a complete characterization of the phase diagram, as well as pinpoint the universality class of the criticality.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Lactucin synthase inactivation boosts the accumulation of anti-inflammatory 8-deoxylactucin and its derivatives in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)
Creators: name: Cankar, Katarina
name: Hakkert, Johanna Christina
name: Sevenier, Robert
name: Papastolopoulou, Christina
name: Schipper, Bert
name: Baixinho, João P.
name: Fernández Terrones, Naiara
name: Matos, Melanie S.
name: Serra, Ana Teresa
name: Nunes Santos, Claudia
name: Vahabi, Khabat
name: Tissier, Alain
name: Bundock, Paul
name: Bosch, Dirk
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 615

description: For several sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) found in Asteraceae plants, very interesting biomedical activities have been demonstrated. Chicory roots accumulate the guaianolide STLs 8-deoxylactucin, lactucin, and lactucopicrin predominantly in oxalated forms in the latex. In this work, a supercritical fluid extract fraction of chicory STLs containing 8-deoxylactucin and 11β,13-dihydro-8-deoxylactucin was shown to have anti-inflammatory activity in an inflamed intestinal mucosa model. To increase the accumulation of these two compounds in chicory taproots, the lactucin synthase that takes 8-deoxylactucin as the substrate for the regiospecific hydroxylation to generate lactucin needs to be inactivated. Three candidate cytochrome P450 enzymes of the CYP71 clan were identified in chicory. Their targeted inactivation using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach identified CYP71DD33 to have lactucin synthase activity. The analysis of the terpene profile of the taproots of plants with edits in CYP71DD33 revealed a nearly complete elimination of the endogenous chicory STLs lactucin and lactucopicrin and their corresponding oxalates. Indeed, in the same lines, the interruption of biosynthesis resulted in a strong increase of 8-deoxylactucin and its derivatives. The enzyme activity of CYP71DD33 to convert 8-deoxylactucin to lactucin was additionally demonstrated in vitro using yeast microsome assays. The identified chicory lactucin synthase gene is predominantly expressed in the chicory latex, indicating that the late steps in the STL biosynthesis take place in the latex. This study contributes to further elucidation of the STL pathway in chicory and shows that root chicory can be positioned as a crop from which different health products can be extracted.
Lp–Lq-theory for a quasilinear non-isothermal Westervelt equation
Creators: name: Wilke, Mathias
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 510

description: We investigate a quasilinear system consisting of the Westervelt equation from nonlinear acoustics and Pennes bioheat equation, subject to Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions. The concept of maximal regularity of type Lp–Lq is applied to prove local and global well-posedness. Moreover, we show by a parameter trick that the solutions regularize instantaneously. Finally, we compute the equilibria of the system and investigate the long-time behaviour of solutions starting close to equilibria.
Effect of risk status for severe COVID-19 on individual contact behaviour during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2020/2021 : an analysis based on the German COVIMOD study
Creators: name: Walde, Jasmin
name: Chaturvedi, Madhav
name: Berger, Tom
name: Bartz, Antonia
name: Killewald, Robin
name: Tomori, Damilola Victoria
name: Rübsamen, Nicole
name: Lange, Berit
name: Scholz, Stefan
name: Treskova, Marina
name: Bucksch, Karolin
name: Jarvis, Christopher I.
name: Mikolajczyk, Rafael
name: Karch, André
name: Jaeger, Veronika K.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 616

description: Background: One of the primary aims of contact restriction measures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been to protect people at increased risk of severe disease from the virus. Knowledge about the uptake of contact restriction measures in this group is critical for public health decision-making. We analysed data from the German contact survey COVIMOD to assess differences in contact patterns based on risk status, and compared this to pre-pandemic data to establish whether there was a differential response to contact reduction measures. Methods: We quantified differences in contact patterns according to risk status by fitting a generalised linear model accounting for within-participant clustering to contact data from 31 COVIMOD survey waves (April 2020-December 2021), and estimated the population-averaged ratio of mean contacts of persons with high risk for a severe COVID-19 outcome due to age or underlying health conditions, to those without. We then compared the results to pre-pandemic data from the contact surveys HaBIDS and POLYMOD. Results: Averaged across all analysed waves, COVIMOD participants reported a mean of 3.21 (95% confidence interval (95%CI) 3.14,3.28) daily contacts (truncated at 100), compared to 18.10 (95%CI 17.12,19.06) in POLYMOD and 28.27 (95%CI 26.49,30.15) in HaBIDS. After adjusting for confounders, COVIMOD participants aged 65 or above had 0.83 times (95%CI 0.79,0.87) the number of contacts as younger age groups. In POLYMOD, this ratio was 0.36 (95%CI 0.30,0.43). There was no clear difference in contact patterns due to increased risk from underlying health conditions in either HaBIDS or COVIMOD. We also found that persons in COVIMOD at high risk due to old age increased their non-household contacts less than those not at such risk after strict restriction measures were lifted. Conclusions: Over the course of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there was a general reduction in contact numbers in the German population and also a differential response to contact restriction measures based on risk status for severe COVID-19. This differential response needs to be taken into account for parametrisations of mathematical models in a pandemic setting.
Diagnosing and monitoring asthma using the Forced Oscillation Technique in children under 5 years with wheeze
Creators: name: Alshlowi, Malak O.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Background: The assessment of lung function in young children is helpful to the diagnosis, treatment, and management of paediatric respiratory disease. Since measuring lung function for such patients can be challenging, specific lung function tests for this age group have been developed, including Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT), a non-invasive method of measuring respiratory impedance (Zrs), requiring minimal cooperation from the patient. Aims: To investigate feasibility and the application of FOT in preschool children with wheeze; and to assessed bronchodilator response (BDR) in children with acute wheeze. Methods: Preschool children with physician-diagnosed asthma were recruited from the Asthma Clinic, ED and Children’s ward at Leicester Royal Infirmary Hospital. Following a standardized physical examination, three measurements of respiratory resistance and reactance by forced oscillation were attempted. Results: Twenty of twenty-four stable preschool children with wheeze are able to successfully complete the forced oscillation technique. Thirteen of 39 of preschool children with acute wheeze performed FOT using airwaveoscillometry system (AOS) 7-41 with good quality control and CoV ≤ 15%. Children with acute wheeze had statistically significantly higher Rrs7, Rrs7 zscore, Rrs7-20 and Ax7, and lower Xrs7 and Xrs7 z-score compared to healthy children. The average of bronchodilator response on preschool children with acute wheeze was -18% for Rrs7, -47% for Rrs7-20, 33% for Xrs7 and -17% for Ax7. Conclusion: These findings highlight the FOT (AOS 7-41 Hz) is feasible in preschool children for routine testing of lung function and in ED. In addition, this study demonstrates that more work is required to understand the value of FOT to differentiate preschool children with acute wheeze from healthy children due to the overlap between individual participants in acute wheeze and healthy groups on FOT parameters. However, there are significant differences between children with physician diagnosis of acute wheeze and healthy children at baseline, as assessed by Rrs7, Rrs7-20, Xrs7, and Ax7 (p value = 0.004, 0.02, 0.00, and 0.00) respectively. Also, comparing pre- and post-bronchodilator response of acute wheeze revealed a statistically significant difference in all FOT measurements (p-value < 0.05).
Remarks on Adjoint QCD with k Flavors, k>= 2
Creators: name: Shifman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I summarize what we know of adjoint QCD. Some observations (albeit very simple) are new.
description: 12 p. 3 figs; v2: a comment and 2 references added
The neutron star transient and millisecond pulsar in M28: from sub-luminous accretion to rotation-powered quiescence
Creators: name: Linares, Manuel
name: Bahramian, Arash
name: Heinke, Craig
name: Wijnands, Rudy
name: Patruno, Alessandro
name: Altamirano, Diego
name: Homan, Jeroen
name: Bogdanov, Slavko
name: Pooley, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray transient IGR J18245-2452 in the globular cluster M28 contains the first neutron star (NS) seen to switch between rotation-powered and accretion-powered pulsations. We analyse its 2013 March-April 25d-long outburst as observed by Swift, which had a peak bolometric luminosity of ~6% of the Eddington limit (L$_{E}$), and give detailed properties of the thermonuclear burst observed on 2013 April 7. We also present a detailed analysis of new and archival Chandra data, which we use to study quiescent emission from IGR J18245-2452 between 2002 and 2013. Together, these observations cover almost five orders of magnitude in X-ray luminosity (L$_X$, 0.5-10 keV). The Swift spectrum softens during the outburst decay (photon index $Γ$ from 1.3 above L$_X$/L$_{E}$=10$^{-2}$ to ~2.5 at L$_X$/L$_{E}$=10$^{-4}$), similar to other NS and black hole (BH) transients. At even lower luminosities, deep Chandra observations reveal hard ($Γ$=1-1.5), purely non-thermal and highly variable X-ray emission in quiescence. We therefore find evidence for a spectral transition at L$_X$/L$_{E}$~10$^{-4}$, where the X-ray spectral softening observed during the outburst decline turns into hardening as the source goes to quiescence. Furthermore, we find a striking variability pattern in the 2008 Chandra light curves: rapid switches between a high-L$_X$ "active" state (L$_X\simeq$3.9x10$^{33}$ erg/s) and a low-L$_X$ "passive" state (L$_X\simeq$5.6x10$^{32}$ erg/s), with no detectable spectral change. We put our results in the context of low luminosity accretion flows around compact objects and X-ray emission from millisecond radio pulsars. Finally, we discuss possible origins for the observed mode switches in quiescence, and explore a scenario where they are caused by fast transitions between the magnetospheric accretion and pulsar wind shock emission regimes.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 12 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables