cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Binary black hole system at equilibrium
Creators: name: Astorino, Marco
name: Viganò, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact and analytical solution of four dimensional vacuum General Relativity representing a system of two static black holes at equilibrium is presented. The metric is completely regular outside the event horizons, both from curvature and conical singularities. The balance between the two Schwarzschild sources is granted by an external gravitational field, without the need of extra matter fields besides gravity, nor strings or struts. The geometry of the solution is analysed. The Smarr law, the first and the second law of black hole thermodynamics are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, Mathematica worksheet included in the arXiv files, v2: typos corrected, references added
IN-SYNC IV - The Young Stellar Population in the Orion A Molecular Cloud
Creators: name: Da Rio, Nicola
name: Tan, Jonathan C.
name: Covey, Kevin R.
name: Cottaar, Michiel
name: Foster, Jonathan B.
name: Cullen, Nicholas C.
name: Tobin, John J.
name: Kim, Jinyoung S.
name: Meyer, Michael R.
name: Nidever, David L.
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Chojnowski, S. Drew
name: Flaherty, Kevin M.
name: Majewski, Steve
name: Skrutskie, Michael F.
name: Zasowski, Gail
name: Pan, Kaike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of the SDSS APOGEE INfrared Spectroscopy of Young Nebulous Clusters program (IN-SYNC) survey of the Orion A molecular cloud. This survey obtained high resolution near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy of about 2700 young pre-main sequence stars throughout the region, acquired across five distinct fields spanning 6deg field of view (FOV). With these spectra, we have measured accurate stellar parameters (T_eff, log g, v sin i) and extinctions, and placed the sources in the Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram (HRD). We have also extracted radial velocities for the kinematic characterization of the population. We compare our measurements with literature results for a sub-sample of targets in order to assess the performances and accuracy of the survey. Source extinction shows evidence for dust grains that are larger than those in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM): we estimate an average R_V=5.5 in the region. Importantly, we find a clear correlation between HRD inferred ages and spectroscopic surface-gravity inferred ages. This clearly indicates a real spread of stellar radii at fixed temperature, and together with additional correlations with extinction and with disk presence, strongly suggests a real spread of ages large than a few Myr. Focussing on the young population around NGC1980 iota Ori, which has previously been suggested to be a separate, foreground, older cluster, we confirm its older (5Myr) age and low A_V, but considering that its radial velocity distribution is indistinguishable from the Orion A's population, we suggest that NGC1980 is part of Orion A's star formation activity. Based on their stellar parameters and kinematic properties, we identify 383 new candidate members of Orion A, most of which are diskless sources in areas of the region poorly studied by previous works.
description: ApJ accepted
New Strategies for Rural Economic Development
Creators: name: Malizia, Emil
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: In these days of tight budgets and reduced federal assistance to rural areas, it is important to identify economic development strategies that can be effective in smaller cities and rural areas without large infusions of federal dollars. Our review of the literature on economic development in smaller cities and rural areas found a conspicuous absence of information on such strategies. Consequently, we set out to identify model rural development strategies which could be initiated and supported locally or by state governments.
A New Pathway to Approximate Energy Expenditure and Recovery of an Athlete
Creators: name: Weigend, Fabian Clemens
name: Siegler, Jason
name: Obst, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6.5; J.3

description: This work proposes to use evolutionary computation as a pathway to allow a new perspective on the modeling of energy expenditure and recovery of an individual athlete during exercise. We revisit a theoretical concept called the "three component hydraulic model" which is designed to simulate metabolic systems during exercise and which is able to address recently highlighted shortcomings of currently applied performance models. This hydraulic model has not been entirely validated on individual athletes because it depends on physiological measures that cannot be acquired in the required precision or quantity. This paper introduces a generalized interpretation and formalization of the three component hydraulic model that removes its ties to concrete metabolic measures and allows to use evolutionary computation to fit its parameters to an athlete.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, to appear in GECCO-21
Discriminative Bayesian filtering lends momentum to the stochastic Newton method for minimizing log-convex functions
Creators: name: Burkhart, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49M15, 90C15, 62M20 (Primary), 90C25 (Secondary)

description: To minimize the average of a set of log-convex functions, the stochastic Newton method iteratively updates its estimate using subsampled versions of the full objective's gradient and Hessian. We contextualize this optimization problem as sequential Bayesian inference on a latent state-space model with a discriminatively-specified observation process. Applying Bayesian filtering then yields a novel optimization algorithm that considers the entire history of gradients and Hessians when forming an update. We establish matrix-based conditions under which the effect of older observations diminishes over time, in a manner analogous to Polyak's heavy ball momentum. We illustrate various aspects of our approach with an example and review other relevant innovations for the stochastic Newton method.
Localization operators associated with the windowed Opdam-Cherednik transform on modulation spaces
Creators: name: Poria, Anirudha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47G30, Secondary 44A15, 42B35, 47B10

description: In this paper, we study a class of pseudodifferential operators known as time-frequency localization operators, which depend on a symbol $ς$ and two windows functions $g_1$ and $g_2$. We first present some basic properties of the windowed Opdam-Cherednik transform. Then, we use modulation spaces associated with the Opdam-Cherednik transform as appropriate classes for symbols and windows, and study the boundedness and compactness of the localization operators associated with the windowed Opdam-Cherednik transform on modulation spaces. Finally, we show that these operators are in the Schatten-von Neumann class.
State Flip at Exceptional Points in Atomic Spectra
Creators: name: Menke, Henri
name: Klett, Marcel
name: Cartarius, Holger
name: Main, Jörg
name: Wunner, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the behavior of the non-adiabatic population transfer between resonances at an exceptional point in the spectrum of the hydrogen atom. It is known that, when the exceptional point is encircled, the system always ends up in the same state, independent of the initial occupation within the two-dimensional subspace spanned by the states coalescing at the exceptional point. We verify this behavior for a realistic quantum system, viz. the hydrogen atom in crossed electric and magnetic fields. It is also shown that the non-adiabatic hypothesis can be violated when resonances in the vicinity are taken into account. In addition, we study the non-adiabatic population transfer in the case of a third-order exceptional point, in which three resonances are involved.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, one additional figure, minor additions in the text
Review: The Edge Becomes the Center: An Oral History of Gentrification in the Twenty-First Century
Creators: name: Montieth, Blake
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Gentrification is often portrayed as a two-sided war: the gentrifiers versus the gentrified. But through a compelling collection of first-hand oral histories from on-the-ground New Yorkers, D.W. Gibson teases out a more nuanced struggle for power between mostly well-intentioned players in a rapidly-evolving global American city. The author’s resulting thesis is clear: the “sin of property” has muddled New York City’s once-cherished sense of community and citizenry.
Charged and rotating multi-black holes in an external gravitational field
Creators: name: Astorino, Marco
name: Viganò, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct analytical and regular solutions in four-dimensional General Relativity which represent multi-black hole systems immersed in external gravitational field configurations. The external field background is composed by an infinite multipolar expansion, which allows to regularise the conical singularities of an array of collinear static black holes. A stationary rotating generalisation is achieved by adding independent angular momenta and NUT parameters to each source of the binary configuration. Moreover, a charged extension of the binary black hole system at equilibrium is generated. Finally, we show that the binary Majumdar-Papapetrou solution is consistently recovered in the vanishing external field limit. All of these solutions reach an equilibrium state due to the external gravitational field only, avoiding in this way the presence of any string or strut defect.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures. v2: Mathematica worksheet included in the arXiv files, typos corrected, references added
Is Your Water Supply Protected? (Commentary)
Creators: name: Kaiser, Edward J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1986

description: The answer to the question is no, unless you are addressing the latent threats of our chemical age and unless you are employing an aggressive, watershed-wide land use management program. The drought that North Carolina and the Southeast experienced last summer demonstrated our vulnerability to the water quantity problem. But it shouldn't distract planners from the more pernicious threats to water quality posed by urbanizing water supply watersheds in the chemical age. The geometrical increase in chemicals and chemical use since WWII has increased and complicated the threat to our drinking waters. To answer that threat we must mount new and aggressive water supply protection strategies.
Additional file 1 of Attracting medical school graduates to residency programs in remotely located hospitals: the challenge lies beyond financial incentives
Creators: name: Fried, Shalev
name: Zloto, Ofira
name: Doron, Avia
name: Feldman, Zeev
name: Belinsky, Alexey
name: Segal, Gad
name: Frenkel-Nir, Yael
name: Afek, Arnon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1,
Warming up recurrent neural networks to maximise reachable multistability greatly improves learning
Creators: name: Lambrechts, Gaspard
name: De Geeter, Florent
name: Vecoven, Nicolas
name: Ernst, Damien
name: Drion, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Training recurrent neural networks is known to be difficult when time dependencies become long. In this work, we show that most standard cells only have one stable equilibrium at initialisation, and that learning on tasks with long time dependencies generally occurs once the number of network stable equilibria increases; a property known as multistability. Multistability is often not easily attained by initially monostable networks, making learning of long time dependencies between inputs and outputs difficult. This insight leads to the design of a novel way to initialise any recurrent cell connectivity through a procedure called "warmup" to improve its capability to learn arbitrarily long time dependencies. This initialisation procedure is designed to maximise network reachable multistability, i.e., the number of equilibria within the network that can be reached through relevant input trajectories, in few gradient steps. We show on several information restitution, sequence classification, and reinforcement learning benchmarks that warming up greatly improves learning speed and performance, for multiple recurrent cells, but sometimes impedes precision. We therefore introduce a double-layer architecture initialised with a partial warmup that is shown to greatly improve learning of long time dependencies while maintaining high levels of precision. This approach provides a general framework for improving learning abilities of any recurrent cell when long time dependencies are present. We also show empirically that other initialisation and pretraining procedures from the literature implicitly foster reachable multistability of recurrent cells.
description: 20 pages, 35 pages total, 38 figures
Additional file 2 of Attracting medical school graduates to residency programs in remotely located hospitals: the challenge lies beyond financial incentives
Creators: name: Fried, Shalev
name: Zloto, Ofira
name: Doron, Avia
name: Feldman, Zeev
name: Belinsky, Alexey
name: Segal, Gad
name: Frenkel-Nir, Yael
name: Afek, Arnon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2,
Orange County Organizes to Improve Human Services
Creators: name: Barnes, Karen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: An example of the kind of organization that Mr. Guffey is proposing can be found in Orange County, North Carolina. This group, called the Human Services Advisory Commission (HSAC), includes the directors of all the county's public services agencies and the voluntary funding bodies. David Kiel and William Woodward served as consultants to the group during its development stages and during large projects like last years county-wide needs assessment. They presented a paper at the 1981 Urban Affairs Conference at the University of North Carolina describing the development of the HSAC, from which much of the information that follows was taken.
Meaning and Purpose in Southern Italian Folk Traditions
Creators: name: LUCIANI, LIBERATA
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cultural studies of nation and region
Intangible heritage
Social and cultural anthropology

description: This research project arises from a southern Italian community folklore-preservation project and investigates the adoption, maintenance, propagation, and modification of folkloric texts. It finds that history, environment, and human needs all play different roles in these processes. History supplies the events which trigger a social response from which folklore arises. The environment supplies physical features and phenomena to which folklore makes reference. However, folklore is always driven by fundamental human needs that are common to all irrespective of place and time.
Reducible gauge theories in very special relativity
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Sudhaker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the tensor field (reducible gauge) theories in the context of very special relativity (VSR). Particularly, we study the VSR gauge symmetry as well as VSR BRST symmetry of Kalb-Ramond and Abelian 3-form fields involving a fixed null vector. We observe that the Kalb-Ramond and Abelian 3-form fields and corresponding ghosts get masses in VSR framework. The effective action in VSR-type axial gauge is greatly simplified compared with the VSR-type Lorenz gauge. Further, we quantize these models using a Batalin-Vilkovisy (BV) formulation in VSR.
description: 14 pages, no figure, Version to appear in EPJC
Book Reviews: Revitalizing America's Cities; Environmental Regulation of Industrial Plant Siting; Getting to Yes
Creators: name: Harrison, Ted
name: Leyden, Kathleen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: Book reviews of the following: REVITALIZING AMERICA'S CITIES: Revitalizing America's Cities, by Michael Schill and Richard Nathan, is a socioloqical study which attempts to identify and assess the measureable costs and benefits of urban neighborhood revitalization. The study provides an analysis of the reinvestment and redevelopment process within various neighborhoods of Boston, Cinncinnati, Denver, Richmond, and Seattle. Neighborhoods within these cities were selected on the basis of perceived changes in real estate sales, property values and demographic trends. The primary data for the analysis included census material, survey research findings and statements from local public officials. ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF INDUSTRIAL PLANT SITING: In late 1969, Kelly Springfield Tire Company, a subsidiary of Goodyear, began searching for a site on which to build a new factory. The company chose Fayetteville, North Carolina, and thirteen months later produced its first tire. Just six years later, in 1975, Standard Oil of Ohio (SOHIO) announced plans to build a major crude oil terminal and pipeline at the port of Long Beach, California. Before the project could be started, it needed 60 environmental permits, and over three years later, SOHIO scrapped the terminal, citing environmental regulation as the problem. Clearly, the rules for siting industrial facilities had changed drastically by the mid-seventies, when serious environmental problems throughout the country caused all levels of government to enact many new environmental regulations. Corporate planners could no longer choose industrial sites by doing market analyses; they had to depend on qualifying for a series of environmental permits. Changing the rules of the industrial siting game has caused industry to claim that environmental regulations are blocking much needed economic growth. In Environmental Regulation of Industrial Plant Siting , Christopher J. Duerksen explains these concerns of industry by considering what he calls the myths of the impact of environmental regulation. GETTING TO YES: Getting to Yes by Fisher and Ury, is a practical guide to successful negotiation techniques and strategies. The book's concise and highly readable format have contributed to its best-seller status. The authors direct the Harvard Negotiation Project at Harvard University.
Evaluation of the Behavioural Insights Group Rotterdam
Creators: name: Dewies, Malte
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Behavioural Insights Team
subject: Behavioural Public Policy
subject: Evaluation study

description: This registration prior to data collection concerns the evaluation of the Behavioural Insights Group Rotterdam (BIG'R; www.bigrotterdam.nl). BIG'R combines behavioural and policy expertise at the municipality of Rotterdam to improve public policy.
Isovector and isoscalar dipole excitations in $^{9}$Be and $^{10}$Be studied with antisymmetrized molecular dynamics
Creators: name: Kanada-En'yo, Yoshiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isovector and isoscalar dipole excitations in $^9$Be and $^{10}$Be are investigated in the framework of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics, in which angular-momentum and parity projections are performed. In the present method, 1p-1h excitations on the ground state and large amplitude $α$-cluster mode are incorporated. The isovector giant dipole resonance (GDR) in $E>20$ MeV shows the two peak structure which is understood by the dipole excitation in the 2$α$ core part with the prolate deformation. Because of valence neutron modes against the $2α$ core, low-energy E1 resonances appear in $E<20$ MeV exhausting about $20\%$ of the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule and $10\%$ of the calculated energy-weighted sum. The dipole resonance at $E\sim 15$ MeV in $^{10}$Be can be interpreted as the parity partner of the ground state having a $^6$He+$α$ structure and has the remarkable E1 strength because of coherent contribution of two valence neutrons. The ISD strength for some low-energy resonances are significantly enhanced by the coupling with the $α$-cluster mode. The calculated E1 strength of $^9$Be reasonably describes the global feature of experimental photonuclear cross sections consisting of the low-energy strength in $E<20$ MeV and the GDR in $E>20$ MeV.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Removable sets for Newtonian Sobolev spaces and a characterization of $p$-path almost open sets
Creators: name: Björn, Anders
name: Björn, Jana
name: Lahti, Panu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 31E05, Secondary: 26D10, 30L15, 30L99, 31C45, 46E35, 46E36

description: We study removable sets for Newtonian Sobolev functions in metric measure spaces satisfying the usual (local) assumptions of a doubling measure and a Poincaré inequality. In particular, when restricted to Euclidean spaces, a closed set $E\subset \mathbf{R}^n$ with zero Lebesgue measure is shown to be removable for $W^{1,p}(\mathbf{R}^n \setminus E)$ if and only if $\mathbf{R}^n \setminus E$ supports a $p$-Poincaré inequality as a metric space. When $p>1$, this recovers Koskela's result (Ark. Mat. 37 (1999), 291--304), but for $p=1$, as well as for metric spaces, it seems to be new. We also obtain the corresponding characterization for the Dirichlet spaces $L^{1,p}$. To be able to include $p=1$, we first study extensions of Newtonian Sobolev functions in the case $p=1$ from a noncomplete space $X$ to its completion $\widehat{X}$. In these results, $p$-path almost open sets play an important role, and we provide a characterization of them by means of $p$-path open, $p$-quasiopen and $p$-finely open sets. We also show that there are nonmeasurable $p$-path almost open subsets of $\mathbf{R}^n$, $n \geq 2$, provided that the continuum hypothesis is assumed to be true. Furthermore, we extend earlier results about measurability of functions with $L^p$-integrable upper gradients, about $p$-quasiopen, $p$-path and $p$-finely open sets, and about Lebesgue points for $N^{1,1}$-functions, to spaces that only satisfy local assumptions.
Are pulsars born with a hidden magnetic field?
Creators: name: Torres-Forné, Alejandro
name: Cerdá-Durán, Pablo
name: Pons, José A.
name: Font, José A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of several neutron stars in the center of supernova remnants and with significantly lower values of the dipolar magnetic field than the average radio-pulsar population has motivated a lively debate about their formation and origin, with controversial interpretations. A possible explanation requires the slow rotation of the proto-neutron star at birth, which is unable to amplify its magnetic field to typical pulsar levels. An alternative possibility, the hidden magnetic field scenario, considers the accretion of the fallback of the supernova debris onto the neutron star as responsible for the submergence (or screening) of the field and its apparently low value. In this paper we study under which conditions the magnetic field of a neutron star can be buried into the crust due to an accreting, conducting fluid. For this purpose, we consider a spherically symmetric calculation in general relativity to estimate the balance between the incoming accretion flow and the magnetosphere. Our study analyses several models with different specific entropy, composition, and neutron star masses. The main conclusion of our work is that typical magnetic fields of a few times 1e12 G can be buried by accreting only 1e-3 - 1e-2 solar mass, a relatively modest amount of mass. In view of this result, the Central Compact Object scenario should not be considered unusual, and we predict that anomalously weak magnetic fields should be common in very young (< few kyr) neutron stars.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal
Improving Rural Housing by Changing the Small Cities CDBG Regs
Creators: name: MoCullough, Julie
name: Pearsall, Beth
name: Snaman, Sue
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1983

description: The Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) Program is one of the few remaining federal sources of assistance available to local governments in their efforts to improve housing conditions. The Small Cities component of CDBG is intended for smaller urban and rural areas. Unfortunately, as presently designed and administered by the North Carolina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development (NRCD), the State's Small Cities program excludes a portion of the very needy — those people who live in substandard housing outside incorporated areas.
Many accelerating distorted black holes
Creators: name: Astorino, Marco
name: Viganò, Adriano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical metric of four-dimensional General Relativity, representing an array of collinear and accelerating black holes, is constructed with the inverse scattering method. The solution can be completely regularised from any conical singularity, thanks to the presence of an external gravitational field. Therefore the multi-black hole configuration can be maintained at equilibrium without the need of string or struts. Some notable subcases such as the accelerating distorted Schwarzschild black hole and the double distorted C-metric are explicitly presented. The Smarr law and the thermodynamics of these systems is studied. The Bonnor-Swaminarayan and the Bičák-Hoenselaers-Schmidt particle metrics are recovered, through appropriate limits, from the multi-black holes solutions.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures. v2: minor corrections, references added
UNC-Chapel Hill DCRP Best Master’s Project of 2011: Characterizing the Air Quality and Demographic Impacts of Aircraft Emissions at the Hartsfield-Jackson Altanta International Airport
Creators: name: Rissman, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Every year, faculty from the Department of City and Regional Planning at UNC-Chapel Hill determine the best master’s paper developed out of the graduating class. Below is only an extended abstract of the project. To obtain the original, full-length document, please visit the “Electronic Theses and Dissertation Collection” at http://dc.lib.unc.edu. This study examined the air quality, demographic, and public health impacts of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from aircraft emissions during the months of June and July, 2002 at the Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. First, pollutants were modeled using a computer simulation. Second, to understand population exposure and environmental justice implications, modeled concentrations were assigned to census tracts and compared with four demographic variables. Third, the impact of these emissions on all-cause adult mortality was calculated using a concentration-response function. Finally, planning and policy implications of the findings were discussed. Each of these steps is described in more detail, and key findings are summarized, below.
Learning Domain Invariant Representations by Joint Wasserstein Distance Minimization
Creators: name: Andeol, Léo
name: Kawakami, Yusei
name: Wada, Yuichiro
name: Kanamori, Takafumi
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
name: Montavon, Grégoire
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Domain shifts in the training data are common in practical applications of machine learning; they occur for instance when the data is coming from different sources. Ideally, a ML model should work well independently of these shifts, for example, by learning a domain-invariant representation. However, common ML losses do not give strong guarantees on how consistently the ML model performs for different domains, in particular, whether the model performs well on a domain at the expense of its performance on another domain. In this paper, we build new theoretical foundations for this problem, by contributing a set of mathematical relations between classical losses for supervised ML and the Wasserstein distance in joint space (i.e. representation and output space). We show that classification or regression losses, when combined with a GAN-type discriminator between domains, form an upper-bound to the true Wasserstein distance between domains. This implies a more invariant representation and also more stable prediction performance across domains. Theoretical results are corroborated empirically on several image datasets. Our proposed approach systematically produces the highest minimum classification accuracy across domains, and the most invariant representation.
description: 23 pages + supplement
SOLARPROP: Charge-sign Dependent Solar Modulation for Everyone
Creators: name: Kappl, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present SOLARPROP, a tool to compute the influence of charge-sign dependent solar modulation for cosmic ray spectra. SOLARPROP is able to use the output of popular tools like GALPROP or DRAGON and offers the possibility to embed new models for solar modulation. We present some examples for proton, antiproton and positron fluxes in the light of the recent PAMELA and AMS-02 data.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures, comments welcome. Software available for free download under http://www.th.physik.uni-bonn.de/nilles/people/kappl/ v2: Minor corrections
A Stochastic Model of Chemorepulsion with Additive Noise and Nonlinear Sensitivity
Creators: name: Chevyrev, Ilya
name: Hambly, Ben
name: Mayorcas, Avi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H15, 35K45, 37A25, 92B05

description: We consider a stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) model for chemorepulsion, with non-linear sensitivity on the one-dimensional torus. We show that for any suitable initial data there exists a pathwise unique, global solution to the SPDE. Furthermore we show that the associated semi-group is Markov and possesses a unique invariant measure, supported on a Hölder-Besov space of positive regularity, which the solution law converges to exponentially fast. We also establish tail bounds on the invariant measure that are heavier than Gaussian when measured using any $L^p$ norm.
description: 31 pages; Model detail added to the introduction and references updated
Ageing increases prosocial motivation
Creators: name: Lockwood, Patricia
name: Abdurahman, Ayat
name: Gabay, Anthony
name: Tamm, Marin
name: Drew, Daniel
name: Husain, Masud
name: Apps, Matthew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: All data and analysis materials to reproduce results from "Ageing increases prosocial motivation for effort" (accepted in Psychological Science). Files 'K_values_2k1b', 'lme_data_PM_young_old_final' and 'PM_debrief_final' contain all the raw data. File 'analysis_code_PM_ageing_OSF' contains R code with comments for running statistical tests reported in the manuscript and 'Reproduce_figures_prosocial_ageing' contains R code for plotting the figures in the manuscript. Please contact Patricia Lockwood (patricia.l.lockwood@gmail.com) and Anthony Gabay (GabayAS@adf.bham.ac.uk) for any questions.
Effect of Interdots Electronic Repulsion in the Majorana Signature for a Double Dot Interferometer
Creators: name: Ricco, L. S.
name: Marques, Y.
name: Dessotti, F. A.
name: de Souza, M.
name: Seridonio, A. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate theoretically the features of the Majorana hallmark in the presence of Coulomb repulsion between two quantum dots describing a spinless Aharonov-Bohm-like interferometer, where one of the dots is strongly coupled to a Kitaev wire within the topological phase. Such a system has been originally proposed without Coulomb interaction in J. of Appl. Phys. 116, 173701 (2014). Our findings reveal that for dots in resonance, the ratio between the strength of Coulomb repulsion and the dot-wire coupling changes the width of the Majorana zero-bias peak for both Fano regimes studied, indicating thus that the electronic interdots correlation influences the Majorana state lifetime in the dot hybridized with the wire. Moreover, for the off-resonance case, the swap between the energy levels of the dots also modifies the width of the Majorana peak, which does not happen for the noninteracting case. The results obtained here can guide experimentalists that pursuit a way of revealing Majorana signatures.
Socio-economic and environmental impacts of ants: data to support global assessments
Creators: name: Gruber, Monica
name: Santoro, Davide
name: Cooling, Meghan
name: Lester, Philip
name: Hoffmann, Benjamin
name: Boser, Christina
name: Lach, Lori
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: invasive ants
EICAT
SEICAT
GISS

description: Risk assessments are fundamental to invasive species management and are underpinned by comprehensive characterization of invasive species impacts. Our understanding of the impacts of invasive species is growing constantly, and several recently developed frameworks offer the opportunity to systematically categorize environmental and socio-economic impacts of invasive species. Invasive ants are among the most widespread and damaging invaders. We provide a global, comprehensive assessment on the impacts of ants and propose a priority list of risk species. We used the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (SEICAT), Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) and Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) to analyse 642 unique sources for 100 named species. This dataset includes the raw recrods on which our assessments were based, and some summary data. Other data can be found in the publication.
description: README The Refs.ris file contains the library of citations used to generate the dataset. The raw SEICAT, EICAT and GISS records are in the SEICAT_EICAT_GISS workbook. The Definitions worksheet in the SEICAT_EICAT_GISS workbook describes all the fields in the other worksheets. The Manuscript Data workbook contains two supplementary Tables for the publication (Table S3 and Table S4). Table legends are: Table S3: Ant species ranked by Generic Impact Scoring System (GISS) (Nentwig et al. 2016), ordered by maximum GISS score. Table S4: Checklist of named ant species lists from sources referred to in the study (239 species). X indicates the species is present on the list. SEICAT = Socio‐Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (Bacher et al. 2018), EICAT = Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa. (Hawkins et al. 2015), GISS = the Generic Impact Scoring System (Nentwig et al. 2016); GISD = Global Invasive Species Database.
description: The dataset was constructed from a literature research. To identify peer-reviewed information sources for our analyses, we conducted systematic and exhaustive searches of literature published in English prior to March 2019 in Web of Science, JSTOR, Google Scholar, and FORMIS, a curated database of all ant literature (Wojcik and Porter 2018). In our search terms we used "ant" with the additional key words "sting", "bite", "damage", "cost*" and "impact*". The resulting records were assessment using the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa [EICAT], Hawkins et al. 2015; the Generic Impact Scoring System [GISS], Nentwig et al. 2016; and the Socio-Economic Impact Classification for Alien Taxa [SEICAT] Bacher et al. 2018.
Witt, J. K., Kemmerer, D., Linkenauger, S. A., & Culham, J. (in press). No evidence for a role for motor simulation in naming tools upon further inspection: A commentary on Witt, Kemmerer, Linkenauger, & Culham (2010). Psychological Science
Creators: name: Witt, Jessica
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Original stimuli and data from Witt, J. K., Kemmerer, D., Linkenauger, S. A., & Culham, J. (2010). A functional role for motor simulation in identifying tools. Psychological Science, 21(9), 1215–1219. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610378307. Also included are the reanalysis scripts for commentary by Witt, Kemmerer, Linkenauger, & Culham (2020).
Making the Land Use - Water Quality Connection: An Assessment of Land Use and Water Resource Planning in North Carolina
Creators: name: Kaiser, Edward J.
name: Hinkley, Sara
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: In the summer of 1998, the N.C. Division of Community Assistance funded a study by the authors to examine the state of water quality planning in North Carolina. The study included a survey and evaluation of comprehensive/land use plans across the state. This article addresses the findings from the survey and evaluations, and proposes guidelines for effective land use and water resource planning.
The Equivalence of Dissipation from Gibbs' Entropy Production with Phase-Volume Loss in Ergodic Heat-Conducting Oscillators
Creators: name: Patra, Puneet Kumar
name: Hoover, William Graham
name: Hoover, Carol Griswold
name: Sprott, Julien Clinton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gibbs' thermodynamic entropy is given by the logarithm of the phase volume, which itself responds to heat transfer to and from thermal reservoirs. We compare the thermodynamic dissipation described by phase-volume loss with heat-transfer entropy production. Their equivalence is documented for computer simulations of the response of an ergodic harmonic oscillator to thermostated temperature gradients. In the simulations one or two thermostat variables control the kinetic energy or the kinetic energy and its fluctuation. All of the motion equations are time-reversible. We consider both strong and weak control variables. In every case the time-averaged dissipative loss of phase-space volume coincides with the entropy produced by heat transfer. Linear response theory nicely reproduces the small-gradient results obtained by computer simulation. The thermostats considered here are ergodic and provide simple dynamical models, some of them with as few as three ordinary differential equations, while remaining capable of reproducing Gibbs' canonical phase-space distribution and precisely consistent with irreversible thermodynamics.
description: 21 pages with five figures, accepted by the International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos on 6 December 2015. This version begins with a historical glossary of statistical mechanical background as an aid to the mathematical readership
206.05 LT7 A digital preservation questionnaire for Nebraska
Creators: name: Thoegersen, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: ad hoc
subject: Ad Hoc: Lightning Talks
subject: ipres2018

description: Case studies and research articles covering digital preservation readiness and assessment have increased within the last decade; many of these findings suggest that organizations are aware of the functional role that digital preservation plays in libraries, but many of these organizations continue to struggle with strategic or programmatic commitment. In Nebraska, there are over 500 libraries, archives, and museums (LAMs), and many of them are operating in small communities with limited resources. In order to better understand the digital preservation challenges that face LAMs at a state level, the authors are identifying and exploring the internal and external variables that are negatively affecting digital preservation initiatives and readiness. This paper outlines the preparation, design, and preliminary results of a questionnaire intended for Nebraska-based LAMs.
Contemporary Neighborhood Planning: A Critique Of Two Operating Programs
Creators: name: Gates, Lauren B.
name: Rohe, William M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: Contemporary neighborhood planning has developed, in part, as a reaction to the failures of traditional comprehensive planning. Critics of comprehensive planning suggest that it has favored business interests, has accomplished few tangible results, has excluded citizens from meaningful participation, has ignored the needs of local areas, and has failed to achieve a more equal distribution of public goods (Chapin, 1967; Friedman, 1971; Perin, 1967). In response to these criticisms, as well as to federal pressure for citizen participation, neighborhood based planning programs have been established in a number of cities throughout the country. These neighborhood level programs are meant to supplement comprehensive planning programs, and differ from them in a number of ways. First, these programs are typically problem oriented rather than comprehensive in nature. Second, they focus on geographic subareas rather than the city as a functional whole. Third, they allow considerable input from the citizenry. Last, they typically adopt a short term rather than a long term perspective. (Center for Governmental Studies, 1976; Rafter, I98O; Zuccotti, 1974.)
Boson Stars from Self-Interacting Dark Matter
Creators: name: Eby, Joshua
name: Kouvaris, Chris
name: Nielsen, Niklas Grønlund
name: Wijewardhana, L. C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility that self-interacting bosonic dark matter forms star-like objects. We study both the case of attractive and repulsive self-interactions, and we focus particularly in the parameter phase space where self-interactions can solve well standing problems of the collisionless dark matter paradigm. We find the mass radius relations for these dark matter bosonic stars, their density profile as well as the maximum mass they can support.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures; references added
The Kinetic and Hydrodynamic Bohm Criterions for Plasma Sheath Formation
Creators: name: Suzuki, Masahiro
name: Takayama, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35A01, 35M32, 35Q35, 76X05

description: The purpose of this paper is to mathematically investigate the formation of a plasma sheath, and to analyze the Bohm criterions which are required for the formation. Bohm derived originally the (hydrodynamic) Bohm criterion from the Euler-Poisson system. Boyd and Thompson proposed the (kinetic) Bohm criterion from a kinetic point of view, and then Riemann derived it from the Vlasov-Poisson system. In this paper, we prove the solvability of boundary value problems of the Vlasov-Poisson system. On the process, we see that the kinetic Bohm criterion is a necessary condition for the solvability. The argument gives a simpler derivation of the criterion. Furthermore, the hydrodynamic criterion can be derived from the kinetic criterion. It is of great interest to find the relation between the solutions of the Vlasov-Poisson and Euler-Poisson systems. To clarify the relation, we also study the delta mass limit of solutions of the Vlasov-poisson system.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures
Time-dependent simulation of particle and displacement currents in THz graphene transistors
Creators: name: Zhan, Z.
name: Colomès, E.
name: Benali, A.
name: Marian, D.
name: Oriols, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although time-independent models provide very useful dynamical information with a reduced computational burden, going beyond the quasi-static approximation provides enriched information when dealing with TeraHertz (THz) frequencies. In this work, the THz noise of dual-gate graphene transistors with DC polarization is analyzed from a careful simulation of the time-dependent particle and displacement currents. From such currents, the power spectral density (PSD) of the total current fluctuations are computed at the source, drain and gate contacts. The role of the lateral dimensions of the transistors, the Klein tunneling and the positive-negative energy injection on the PSD are analyzed carefully. Through the comparison of the PSD with and without Band-to-Band tunneling and graphene injection, it is shown that the unavoidable Klein tunneling and positive-negative energy injection in graphene structures imply an increment of noise without similar increment on the current, degrading the (either low or high frequency) signal-to-noise ratio. Finally, it is shown that the shorter the vertical height (in comparison with the length of the active region in the transport direction), the larger the maximum frequency of the PSD. As a byproduct of this result, an alternative strategy (without length scaling) to optimize the intrinsic cut-off frequency of graphene transistors is envisioned.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, proceeding of UPoN2015