cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Image Colour Segmentation by Genetic Algorithms
Creators: name: Ramos, Vitorino
name: Muge, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2; I.5

description: Segmentation of a colour image composed of different kinds of texture regions can be a hard problem, namely to compute for an exact texture fields and a decision of the optimum number of segmentation areas in an image when it contains similar and/or unstationary texture fields. In this work, a method is described for evolving adaptive procedures for these problems. In many real world applications data clustering constitutes a fundamental issue whenever behavioural or feature domains can be mapped into topological domains. We formulate the segmentation problem upon such images as an optimisation problem and adopt evolutionary strategy of Genetic Algorithms for the clustering of small regions in colour feature space. The present approach uses k-Means unsupervised clustering methods into Genetic Algorithms, namely for guiding this last Evolutionary Algorithm in his search for finding the optimal or sub-optimal data partition, task that as we know, requires a non-trivial search because of its intrinsic NP-complete nature. To solve this task, the appropriate genetic coding is also discussed, since this is a key aspect in the implementation. Our purpose is to demonstrate the efficiency of Genetic Algorithms to automatic and unsupervised texture segmentation. Some examples in Colour Maps, Ornamental Stones and in Human Skin Mark segmentation are presented and overall results discussed. KEYWORDS: Genetic Algorithms, Colour Image Segmentation, Classification, Clustering.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, Author at http://alfa.ist.utl.pt/~cvrm/staff/vramos/ref_26.html
Additional file 3 of Defining and classifying public health systems: a critical interpretive synthesis
Creators: name: Jarvis, Tamika
name: Scott, Fran
name: El-Jardali, Fadi
name: Alvarez, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Definitions of entities and systems. Additional file 3 provides the definitions found within the literature regarding public health and public health systems.
A little FABLE: exploring AGN feedback in dwarf galaxies with cosmological simulations
Creators: name: Koudmani, Sophie
name: Henden, Nicholas A.
name: Sijacki, Debora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contrary to the standard lore, there is mounting observational evidence that feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) may also play a role at the low-mass end of the galaxy population. We investigate this using the cosmological simulation suite FABLE, with a particular focus on the dwarf regime ($M_\mathrm{stellar} < 10^{9.5} \ \mathrm{M_{\odot}}$). We find that overmassive black holes (BHs), with respect to the mean scaling relations with their host galaxies, drive hotter and faster outflows and lead to significantly reduced gas mass fractions. They are also more likely to display a kinematically misaligned ionized gas component in our mock MaNGA velocity maps, although we caution that cosmic inflows and mergers contribute to misalignments as well. While in the local Universe the majority of AGN in dwarfs are much dimmer than the stellar component, for $z \geq 2$ there is a significant population that outshines their hosts. These high-redshift overmassive BHs contribute to the quenching of dwarfs, whereas at late cosmic times supernova (SN) feedback is more efficient. While our results are overall in good agreement with X-ray observations of AGN in dwarfs, the lack of high-luminosity X-ray AGN in FABLE at low redshifts highlights an interesting possibility that SN feedback could be too strong in FABLE's dwarfs, curtailing AGN growth and feedback. We predict that future observations may uncover many more AGN in dwarfs with lower luminosities and at higher redshifts.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 24 pages, 12 figures, 1 appendix
Laboratory Protocols CIMMYT Applied Molecular Genetics Laboratory
Creators: name: Warburton, Marilyn
name: Warburton, Marilyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: chemiluminescence immunoassays
subject: DNA
subject: DNA hybridization
subject: molecular markers
subject: PCR
subject: RFLPs

description: Third Edition
Additional file 1 of Defining and classifying public health systems: a critical interpretive synthesis
Creators: name: Jarvis, Tamika
name: Scott, Fran
name: El-Jardali, Fadi
name: Alvarez, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The initial search strategy and databases. Additional file 1 provides search strings and detailed database search strategy.
Guía práctica para la identificación de algunas enfermedades de trigo y cebada
Creators: name: Gilchrist-Saavedra, L.
name: Fuentes-Davila, G.
name: Martinez-Cano, C.
name: Lopez-Atilano, R.M.
name: Duveiller, E.
name: Singh, R.P.
name: Henry, Monique
name: Garcia Altimirano, I.
name: Gilchrist-Saavedra, L.
name: Fuentes-Davila, G.
name: Martinez-Cano, C.
name: Lopez-Atilano, R.M.
name: Duveiller, E.
name: Singh, R.P.
name: Henry, Monique
name: Garcia Altimirano, I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Trigo
subject: cebada
subject: enfermedades de plantas
subject: enfermedades fungosas
subject: epidemiología
subject: identificación
subject: métodos

description: Segunda Edicion
Detection of Neutrinos from Supernovae in Nearby Galaxies
Creators: name: Ando, Shin'ichiro
name: Beacom, John F.
name: Yuksel, Hasan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While existing detectors would see a burst of many neutrinos from a Milky Way supernova, the supernova rate is only a few per century. As an alternative, we propose the detection of ~ 1 neutrino per supernova from galaxies within 10 Mpc, in which there were at least 9 core-collapse supernovae since 2002. With a future 1-Mton scale detector, this could be a faster method for measuring the supernova neutrino spectrum, which is essential for calibrating numerical models and predicting the redshifted diffuse spectrum from distant supernovae. It would also allow a > 10^4 times more precise trigger time than optical data alone for high-energy neutrinos and gravitational waves.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures; revised version, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
title: Reversible immobilisation of DNA and metal nanoparticles on engineered surfaces using the fluorous effect
Creators: name: Onilude, Hammed Ayantola
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2024

description: This thesis investigates the reversible attachment of nanomaterials to modified surfaces via the fluorous effect, a hydrophobic and non-covalent interaction involving perfluorinated molecules or molecules with a high fluorine content. The study introduces a novel approach to utilising the fluorous effect for the reversible attachment of fluorous-tagged nanomaterials, such as DNA and nanoparticles, on fluorous-modified patterned glass surfaces.

In the first method, the stability of perfluorinated DNA when immobilised on solid support was evaluated based on factors including size, the number of fluorine atoms attached, branching systems, and the incorporation of a spacer/linker. The results revealed that the attachment strength of the DNA to the solid support increases with the length of the DNA chain, the number of branches, and a higher number of incorporated fluorine atoms. Consequently, the methanol concentration necessary to detach these strands from the solid support correlates with the number of attached fluorines. Additionally, the study compared the selective removal of different fluorous-tagged DNA structures (single and branched) based on their attachment strength to the fluorous-modified solid support. The results revealed that as the number of branch systems increases from one to four, the strength of attachment increases with the highest strength from the tetra-branch (four branches) without a linker, and the perfluorinated chains can be selectively removed from the solid support. This method is suitable for multiplex systems to identify and selectively remove target probes.

The second method extends this approach to the reversible attachment of thiolmodified metal nanoparticles (gold and silver) in aqueous environments. Here, citrate-coated gold nanoparticles of varying sizes (15 nm, 20 nm, and 45 nm) and chloride-coated silver nanoparticles (52 nm) were functionalised and reversibly attached to an 800 µm-sized fluorous-modified micropatterned surface. This method enables the repeatable and switchable attachment of gold and silver nanoparticles on the same reusable surface multiple times without damaging the fluorous-modified layer.

Finally, the fluorous effect facilitated the self-assembly of 55 nm gold nanoparticles on a fluorous-modified nanopatterned surface (sub-500 nm). This method demonstrated repeatability at 500 nm without unwanted aggregation and promising outcomes in the sub-100 nm region, enabling single-particle attachment.

Overall, this research highlights the potential of the fluorous effect in the selfassembly of nanomaterials, offering a practical method for microarray development and the reversible attachment of nanomaterials on solid supports.
Additional file 2 of Development of the prototype concise safe systems checklist tool for general practice
Creators: name: Litchfield, Ian
name: Spencer, Rachel
name: Bell, Brian G.
name: Avery, Anthony
name: Perryman, Katherine
name: Marsden, Kate
name: Greenfield, Sheila
name: Campbell, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2.
Strong Calcium Emission Indicates that the Ultraviolet-Flashing Type Ia SN 2019yvq was the Result of a Sub-Chandrasekhar Mass Double-Detonation Explosion
Creators: name: Siebert, Matthew R.
name: Dimitriadis, Georgios
name: Polin, Abigail
name: Foley, Ryan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present nebular spectra of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) SN 2019yvq, which had a bright flash of blue and ultraviolet light after exploding, followed by a rise similar to other SNe Ia. Although SN 2019yvq displayed several other rare characteristics such as persistent high ejecta velocity near peak brightness, it was not especially peculiar and if the early "excess" emission were not observed, it would likely be included in cosmological samples. The excess flux can be explained by several different physical models linked to the details of the progenitor system and explosion mechanism. Each has unique predictions for the optically thin emission at late times. In our nebular spectra, we detect strong [Ca II] $λλ$7291, 7324 and Ca NIR triplet emission, consistent with a double-detonation explosion. We do not detect H, He, or [O I] emission, predictions for some single-degenerate progenitor systems and violent white dwarf mergers. The amount of swept-up H or He is <2.8 x 10^-4 and 2.4 x 10^-4 Msun, respectively. Aside from strong Ca emission, the SN 2019yvq nebular spectrum is similar to those of typical SNe Ia with the same light-curve shape. Comparing to double-detonation models, we find that the Ca emission is consistent with a model with a total progenitor mass of 1.15 Msun. However, we note that a lower progenitor mass better explains the early light-curve and peak luminosity. The unique properties of SN 2019yvq suggest that thick He-shell double-detonations only account for $1.1^{+2.1}_{-1.1}\%$ of the total "normal" SN Ia rate. SN 2019yvq is one of the best examples yet that multiple progenitor channels appear necessary to reproduce the full diversity of "normal" SNe Ia.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, accepted in ApJL on August 12 2020
A methodology to characterize triboelectric charging of powders
Creators: name: Vyas, Zankrut Daksheshkumar
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: The flow of powders and granular materials induces electrostatic charging, and it causes severe problems like agglomeration, adhesions to equipment surface, clogging, separations, and flawed product. Knowledge of charging trends of powders can be effective in decreasing its effects. Unfortunately, due to its complicated nature, charging tendencies of polymeric powders of the exact nature are poorly understood, although largely studied in the literature. Moreover, there is no standard and high precision method available for the characterization and comparison of the electrostatic behavior of powders. In this work, charge gain tendencies of microcrystalline cellulose and acetaminophen in contact with stainless steel are evaluated. The electrostatic charge of powders is first analyzed using a commercially available instrument, GranuChargeTM. Inspired by the limitations of GranuChargeTM and considering other methodologies described in the literature, a new setup is developed to measure mass flow rate and charge per unit mass simultaneously. The effect of geometrical parameters and the impact of the powder flowability on the flow pattern is studied to present a final methodology that gives reproducible charge measurements results with a controlled flow pattern. This methodology is suitable to standardize and can compare the triboelectric charging performance of different materials.
Submillimeter observations of Distant Red Galaxies: uncovering the 1mJy 850um-population
Creators: name: Knudsen, K. K.
name: van der Werf, P.
name: Franx, M.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Foerster
name: van Dokkum, P. G.
name: Illingworth, G. D.
name: Labbe, I.
name: Moorwood, A.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Rudnick, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the submillimeter (submm) emission of Distant Red Galaxies (DRGs). The DRGs are selected by the criterion (J-K)>2.3, and are generally massive galaxies at redshifts higher than 2, with red rest-frame optical colors. Using a deep SCUBA submm image of a field centred on the cluster MS1054-03, we obtain a statistical detection of the DRGs at redshift z=2-3.5, with an average 850um flux density of 1.11+-0.28mJy. The detection implies an average star formation rate (SFR) of 127+-34 M_sun/yr (lensing corrected), assuming that the far-infrared (FIR) spectral energy distribution (SED) is well-described by a modified blackbody. The SFR derived from the submm agrees well with SFRs derived from SED fitting of optical-near-infrared data and average X-ray emission. Constant Star Formation models imply ages of 2Gyr, extinction A_V=2.4 mag, which is consistent with the FIR to rest-frame optical luminosity ratio of ~15. DRGs are older and have lower SFRs relative to optical luminosity than (ultra-)luminous infrared galaxies, although their FIR luminosities are similar. The DRGs at 24) at 1
description: 4 pages, including 1 figure; accepted by ApJ Letters
Electroweak Absorptive Parts in NRQCD Matching Conditions
Creators: name: Hoang, A. H.
name: Reisser, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak corrections associated with the instability of the top quark to the next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic (NNLL) total top pair threshold cross section in e+e- annihilation are determined. Our method is based on absorptive parts in electroweak matching conditions of the NRQCD operators and the optical theorem. The corrections lead to ultraviolet phase space divergences that have to be renormalized and lead to NLL mixing effects. Numerically, the corrections can amount to several percent and are comparable to the known NNLL QCD corrections.
description: 17 pages, revtex4, 4 postscript figures included; minor changes in text and references, title modified in printed version
An analysis of the bottlenecks affecting the production and deployment of maize seed in Eastern and Southern Africa
Creators: name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
name: Mwangi, Wilfred
name: Diallo, Alpha O.
name: MacRobert, John F.
name: Dixon, John
name: Banziger, Marianne
name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
name: Mwangi, Wilfred
name: Diallo, Alpha O.
name: MacRobert, John F.
name: Dixon, John
name: Banziger, Marianne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Seed production
subject: Seed industry
subject: Commodity markets
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Maize
subject: Zea mays
subject: Agricultural products
subject: Yields
subject: Crop yield

description: The publication describes outcomes of a study conducted in 2007/08 to analyze the bottlenecks affecting the production and deployment of maize seed in eastern and southern Africa. The objectives of the study were to provide a better understanding of the factors limiting the production and deployment of improved maize seed in Africa, and to contribute to increasing the efficiency of variety release, seed production and seed dissemination for new drought tolerant maize varieties. The study identified a number of institutional bottlenecks affecting the maize seed value chain, in particular in the area of policy, credit availability, seed production, germplasm and marketing. To address these bottlenecks and improve the efficiency of seed production and deployment to African farmers, the authors recommended a coordinated effort from policy makers, private and public organizations and farmers. The study was supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Howard G. Buffett Foundation
Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and Hadronic Decay of Long-Lived Massive Particles
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Moroi, Takeo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) with the long-lived exotic particle, called X. If the lifetime of X is longer than \sim 0.1 sec, its decay may cause non-thermal nuclear reactions during or after the BBN, altering the predictions of the standard BBN scenario. We pay particular attention to its hadronic decay modes and calculate the primordial abundances of the light elements. Using the result, we derive constraints on the primordial abundance of X. Compared to the previous studies, we have improved the following points in our analysis: The JETSET 7.4 Monte Carlo event generator is used to calculate the spectrum of hadrons produced by the decay of X; The evolution of the hadronic shower is studied taking account of the details of the energy-loss processes of the nuclei in the thermal bath; We have used the most recent observational constraints on the primordial abundances of the light elements; In order to estimate the uncertainties, we have performed the Monte Carlo simulation which includes the experimental errors of the cross sections and transfered energies. We will see that the non-thermal productions of D, He3, He4 and Li6 provide stringent upper bounds on the primordial abundance of late-decaying particle, in particular when the hadronic branching ratio of X is sizable. We apply our results to the gravitino problem, and obtain upper bound on the reheating temperature after inflation.
description: 94 pages, 49 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. D. This is a full length paper of the preprint astro-ph/0402490
Differentiable Segmentation of Sequences
Creators: name: Scharwächter, Erik
name: Lennartz, Jonathan
name: Müller, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Segmented models are widely used to describe non-stationary sequential data with discrete change points. Their estimation usually requires solving a mixed discrete-continuous optimization problem, where the segmentation is the discrete part and all other model parameters are continuous. A number of estimation algorithms have been developed that are highly specialized for their specific model assumptions. The dependence on non-standard algorithms makes it hard to integrate segmented models in state-of-the-art deep learning architectures that critically depend on gradient-based optimization techniques. In this work, we formulate a relaxed variant of segmented models that enables joint estimation of all model parameters, including the segmentation, with gradient descent. We build on recent advances in learning continuous warping functions and propose a novel family of warping functions based on the two-sided power (TSP) distribution. TSP-based warping functions are differentiable, have simple closed-form expressions, and can represent segmentation functions exactly. Our formulation includes the important class of segmented generalized linear models as a special case, which makes it highly versatile. We use our approach to model the spread of COVID-19 with Poisson regression, apply it on a change point detection task, and learn classification models with concept drift. The experiments show that our approach effectively learns all these tasks with standard algorithms for gradient descent.
description: source codes available at https://github.com/diozaka/diffseg
Arquitectas de Galicia premiadas no contexto nacional 2007-2021
Creators: name: Gómez Río, Lucía
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Arquitectas galegas
Premios
BEAU
BIAU
CSCAE
FAD
Contexto nacional
Galician architects
Wards
Natioanl Context

description: [Resumo]  

Abórdase este Traballo de Fin de Grao coa idea inicial de analizar obras de equipamentos e urbanismo con autoría feminina galega, recoñecidas en concursos nacionais. Partindo da constancia da falta de datos de referentes femininas galegas na actualidade, este traballo pretende avanzar na súa posta en valor, recompilando a información dispersa de premios nacionais. 

Establécese así un período temporal próximo, poñendo como punto de inicio o ano 2007, coincidindo con dous fitos en dous dos premios a analizar. Como punto final o ano 2021, contando así cun abano de obras rematadas (presentes en premios) de dúas xeracións de arquitectas: as últimas graduadas do século XX e as primeiras do século XXI, podendo así rastrexar a actualidade e ventar o futuro en Galicia. 

Deste modo exponse un estudo cuantitativo e cualitativo de obras no contexto nacional, nun varrido por catro premios: BEAU, BIAU, arquitectura CSCAE e premios FAD. Cribando e contabilizando obras premiadas, finalistas e seleccionadas con autoría feminina galega, individual ou en equipos. 

Ponse en relevancia arquitectas galegas premiadas e analízanse as súas obras públicas premiadas nun intento de contextualizalas na historiografía da cultura arquitectónica galega e española. 

 

[Abstract]  

This Final Degree Project is proposed with the initial idea of analyzing works by facilities and urban planning with Galician female authorship, recognized with national awards. Knowing that there are very few data on female architects, this work intends to advance in its enhancement, compiling the dispersed information of national awards. 

This paper analyzes a recent time period, setting the year 2007 as the starting point, coinciding with two milestones in two of the awards to be analyzed. As a final point in the year 2021, thus counting on a wide range of finished works (awarded) of two generations of female architects: the last graduates of the 20th century and the first of the 21st century, thus being able to trace the present and presage the future in Galicia. 

In this way, a quantitative and qualitative study of works awarded in the national context, considering four awards: BEAU, BIAU, CSCAE architecture and FAD awards. Screening and counting award-winning, finalist and selected works with Galician female authorship, individually or in teams. 

Female awarded Galician architects are highlighted and their public works are analyzed in an attempt to contextualize them in the historiography of the Galician and Spanish architecture culture. 
description: Trabajo fin de Grado. Universidade da Coruña. Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura. Curso 2022/2023
PKM Pengolahan Obat Tradisional Anti Hipertensi-Keamanan Pangan dan Deteksi Asam Urat
Creators: name: , Suprianto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Bukti Luaran sebagai salah satu Dokumen Pelaksanaan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM), dalam hal ini Pelaksanaan PKM dilakukan di Kecamatan Percut Sei Tuan Desa Bnadar Klippa pada Tanggal 27 Agustus 2020. Pada Termin ini dilakukan PKM oleh Team dari Institut Kesehatan Helvetia Medan secara umum meliputi, Pegolahan Obat Tradisional Antihipertensi, Keamanana Pangan dan Pemeriksaan Penyakit. Team terdiri dari tiga kelompok dengan ketua masing-masing apt. Suprianto, S.Si., M.Si; apt. Hafizhatul Sbadi, S.Farm., M.Kes dan Hendri Faisal, S.Si., M.Si. Kegiatan PKM merupakan program rutin yang dilakukan oleh Dosen bersama Mahasiswa dan Pejabat Setempat atau Tokoh Masyarakat sebagai salah satu wujud nyata Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi, sehingga masyarakat dapat menikmati kehadiran Perguruan Tinggi yang ada di daerah tersebut.
description: google-site-verification: google275d8cf3061c563c.html
Influence of $XY$ anisotropy on a magnetoelectric effect in spin-1/2 $XY$ chain in a transverse magnetic field
Creators: name: Ohanyan, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A magnetoelectric effect according to Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky mechanism in spin-1/2 $XY$ chain in transverse magnetic field is considered. A spatial orientation of the electric field is chosen to provide an exact solution of the model in terms of free spinless fermions. The simplest model of quantum spin chain demonstrating a magnetoelectric effect, a zero temperature case of the spin-1/2 $XX$ chain in a transverse magnetic field with Katsura-Nagaosa-Balatsky mechanism, is considered. The model has the simplest possible form of the magnetization, polarization and susceptibility functions, depending on electric and magnetic fields in a most simple form. For the case of arbitrary $XY$ anisotropy, a non-monotonous dependence of magnetization on the $XY$ anisotropy parameter is figured out. This non-uniform behaviour is governed by the critical point which is connected with the possibility to drive the system gapless or gapped by the electric field. Singularities of the magnetoelectric susceptibility at the critical value of system parameters are shown.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Development of the prototype concise safe systems checklist tool for general practice
Creators: name: Litchfield, Ian
name: Spencer, Rachel
name: Bell, Brian G.
name: Avery, Anthony
name: Perryman, Katherine
name: Marsden, Kate
name: Greenfield, Sheila
name: Campbell, Stephen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1.
Negative thermal expansion induced suppression of wear in dry sliding friction
Creators: name: Grigoriev, Aleksandr S.
name: Shilko, Evgeny V.
name: Dmitriev, Andrey I.
name: Tarasov, Sergey Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface temperature is among crucial factors, which control wear during sliding dry contact. Using computer modeling, we study the possibility to achieve close to zero rate of surface wear during sliding friction of the special type of materials, which possess negative thermal expansion. The numerical simulations reveal two wear regimes for negative thermal expansion materials as dependent on the applied normal stress level. When the applied stress is lower than that of a critical level, a steady almost zero wear rate and nanorough surface are achieved during friction. Otherwise, wear rate is of the same order of magnitude as for positive thermal expansion materials. The critical stress value is analyzed as depending on the material's mechanical, thermophysical, and surface roughness characteristics.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Integral Field Spectroscopy of the Central Regions of 3C 120: Evidence of a Past Merging Event
Creators: name: Garcia-Lorenzo, B.
name: Sanchez, S. F
name: Mediavilla, E.
name: Gonzalez-Serrano, J. I.
name: Christensen, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IFS combined with HST WFPC imaging were used to characterize the central regions of the Seyfert 1 radio galaxy 3C 120. We carried out the analysis of the data, deriving intensity maps of different emission lines and the continua at different wavelengths from the observed spectra. Applying a 2D modeling to the HST images we decoupled the nucleus and the host galaxy, and analyzed the host morphology. The host is a highly distorted bulge dominated galaxy, rich in substructures. We developed a new technique to model the IFS data extending the 2D modeling. Using this technique we separated the Seyfert nucleus and the host galaxy spectra, and derived a residual data cube with spectral and spatial information of the different structures in 3C 120. Three continuum-dominated structures (named A, B, and C) and other three extended emission line regions (EELRs, named E1, E2 and E3) are found in 3C 120 which does not follow the general behavior of a bulge dominated galaxy. We also found shells in the central kpc that may be remnants of a past merging event in this galaxy. The origin of E1 is most probably due to the interaction of the radio-jet of 3C 120 with the intergalactic medium. Structures A, B, and the shell at the southeast of the nucleus seem to correspond to a larger morphological clumpy structure that may be a tidal tail, consequence of the past merging event. We found a bright EELR (E2) in the innermost part of this tidal tail, nearby the nucleus, which shows a high ionization level. The kinematics of the E2 region and its connection to the tidal tail suggest that the tail has channeled gas from the outer regions to the center.
description: 55 pages, 18 figures and 5 tables Accepted by APJ
Climate change and Hunger: Responding to the Challenge
Creators: name: Parry, Martin
name: Evans, Alex
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Wheeler, Tim
name: Parry, Martin
name: Evans, Alex
name: Rosegrant, Mark W.
name: Wheeler, Tim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This report reviews current knowledge of the effects of climate change on hunger. It summarizes knowledge from global studies completed and provides an overview of actions that can be taken to address the challenge. We believe that unless climate change is mitigated by substantial reductions of greenhouse gases it will greatly increase hunger, especially in the poorest parts of the world. The scale of risk from climate change varies with assumptions about future development, especially future levels of poverty, but it is likely to affect tens to hundreds of millions of people. It is expected that Africa will be most affected, especially the semi-arid regions north and south of the equator. This is mainly because of projected increases in aridity resulting from climate change and because of high vulnerability consequent on low levels of income. The poorest parts of southern and south-eastern Asia are likely to be substantially affected, with strong negative impacts on agricultural production. Food production in other regions, for example Central America, may also be impacted.
description: Published by the World Food Programme, the International Food Policy Research Institute, the New York University Center on International Cooperation, the Grantham Institute at Imperial College London, and the Walker Institute, University of Reading (United Kingdom).
The band structure and Fermi surface of La$_{0.6}$Sr$_{0.4}$MnO$_{3}$ thin films studied by in-situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Chikamatsu, A.
name: Wadati, H.
name: Kumigashira, H.
name: Oshima, M.
name: Fujimori, A.
name: Hamada, N.
name: Ohnishi, T.
name: Lippmaa, M.
name: Ono, K.
name: Kawasaki, M.
name: Koinuma, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed an in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on single-crystal surfaces of La$_{0.6}$Sr$_{0.4}$MnO$_{3}$ (LSMO) thin films grown on SrTiO$_{3}$ (001) substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy, and investigated the electronic structure near the Fermi level ($E_{F}$). The experimental results were compared with the band-structure calculation based on LDA + $U$. The band structure of LSMO thin films consists of several highly dispersive O 2$p$ derived bands in the binding energy range of 2.0 - 6.0 eV and Mn 3$d$ derived bands near $E_{F}$. ARPES spectra around the $Gamma$ point show a dispersive band near $E_{F}$ indicative of an electron pocket centered at the $Gamma$ point, although it was not so clearly resolved as an electronlike pocket due to the suppression of spectral weight in the vicinity of $E_{F}$. Compared with the band-structure calculation, the observed conduction band is assigned to the Mn 3$de_{g}$ majority-spin band responsible for the half-metallic nature of LSMO. We have found that the estimated size of the Fermi surface is consistent with the prediction of the band-structure calculation, while the band width becomes significantly narrower than the calculation. Also, the intensity near $E_{F}$ is strongly reduced. The origin of these discrepancies between the experiment and the calculation is discussed.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Semi-empirical analysis of SDSS galaxies: I. Spectral synthesis method
Creators: name: Fernandes, R. Cid
name: Mateus, A.
name: Sodre, L.
name: Stasinska, G.
name: Gomes, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we investigate the power of spectral synthesis as a mean to estimate physical properties of galaxies. Spectral synthesis is nothing more than the decomposition of an observed spectrum in terms of a superposition of a base of simple stellar populations of various ages and metallicities, producing as output the star-formation and chemical histories of a galaxy, its extinction and velocity dispersion. Our implementation of this method uses the Bruzual & Charlot (2003) models and observed spectra in the 3650--8000 Årange. The reliability of this approach is studied by three different means: (1) simulations, (2) comparison with previous work based on a different technique, and (3) analysis of the consistency of results obtained for a sample of galaxies from the SDSS. We find that spectral synthesis provides reliable physical parameters as long as one does not attempt a very detailed description of the star-formation and chemical histories. We show that besides providing excellent fits to observed galaxy spectra, this method is able to recover useful information on the distributions of stellar ages and, more importantly, stellar metallicities. Stellar masses, velocity dispersion and extinction are also found to be accurately retrieved for realistic signal-to-noise ratios. We apply this synthesis method to a volume limited sample of 50362 galaxies from the SDSS DR2, producing a catalog of stellar population properties. A comparison with recent estimates of both observed and physical properties of these galaxies obtained by other groups shows good qualitative and quantitative agreement. The confidence in the method is further strengthened by several empirical and astrophysically reasonable correlations between synthesis results and independent quantities.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mechanistic investigations of enzyme-catalyzed peptide and carbohydrate epimerization
Creators: name: Murkin, Andrew Stewart
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The inversion of stereochemistry in biomolecules is catalyzed by enzymes called racemases and epimerases. One such epimerase, isolated from the venom of the funnel-web spider Agelenopsis aperta, interconverts two peptide neurotoxins that differ only by the absolute stereochemistry at Ser46. Because enzymatic epimerization of peptides is otherwise unknown, the mechanism by which this occurs was investigated. Various substrate analogues were synthesized, in which the functional groups about the epimerizable serine were modified. One of these, containing chlorine in place of the hydroxyl, was found to undergo enzyme-catalyzed elimination of HC1 to generate a dehydroalanine derivative. This dehydroalanine peptide was independently synthesized and found to be a potent inhibitor of the epimerase, exhibiting a submicromolar IC₅₀. These results support a deprotonation-reprotonation mechanism that proceeds through an enolate intermediate. The planarity of this intermediate is apparently mimicked by the sp² character of the a-carbon of dehydroalanine, resulting in the observed inhibition. The biosynthesis of sialic acids is initiated by the conversion of UDP-N- acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc), a process involving epimerization at C-2. Whereas a hydrolyzing UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase is known to catalyze this reaction in mammals, a similar enzyme in bacteria had not been previously identified. The gene product from neuC, part of the Escherichia coli Kl gene cluster responsible for sialic acid synthesis, was shown by ¹H- and ³¹P-NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to convert UDPGlcNAc to UDP and 2-acetamidoglucal. The homologous gene from Neisseria meningitidis B, siaA, was cloned and expressed as a histidine-tagged fusion protein. This protein, previously identified erroneously in literature in its untagged form as an N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate 2-epimerase, was shown to be a hydrolyzing UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, converting UDPGlcNAc to α-ManNAc and UDP. Similar to the non-hydrolyzing UDP-GlcNAc 2-epimerase, SiaA was found to be allosterically regulated by its substrate, exhibiting sigmoidal kinetics with K[sub cat] = 4.7 s-¹, K¹ = 1.5 mM, and Hill coefficient, n [sub app] = 1.9. Additionally, in the presence of UDP, 2-acetamidoglucal was found to be a substrate, thereby implicating it as an intermediate. Incubations with (2"-²H)UDP-GlcNAc showed no significant kinetic isotope effect on kcat and kcJKm, indicating that deprotonation at C-2" is not rate limiting. A solvent isotope discrimination experiment, wherein either UDP-GlcNAc or 2-acetamidoglucal and UDP were incubated with the enzyme in 50% deuterated water, failed to show a preference for proton transfer over deuteron transfer during glycal hydration, indicating that this step is also not rate limiting. Finally, the ¹⁸O label from the incubation of [l"-¹⁸O]UDP-GlcNAc with SiaA was shown to depart with UDP, confirming that the reaction proceeds with C-O bond cleavage.
Higher Hölder regularity for nonlocal equations with irregular kernel
Creators: name: Nowak, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R09, 35B65, 35D30, 47G20

description: We study the higher Hölder regularity of local weak solutions to a class of nonlinear nonlocal elliptic equations with kernels that satisfy a mild continuity assumption. An interesting feature of our main result is that the obtained regularity is better than one might expect when considering corresponding results for local elliptic equations in divergence form with continuous coefficients. Therefore, in some sense our result can be considered to be of purely nonlocal type, following the trend of various such purely nonlocal phenomena observed in recent years. Our approach can be summarized as follows. First, we use certain test functions that involve discrete fractional derivatives in order to obtain higher Hölder regularity for homogeneous equations driven by a locally translation invariant kernel, while the global behaviour of the kernel is allowed to be more general. This enables us to deduce the desired regularity in the general case by an approximation argument.
description: 33 pages. Final version, to appear in Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTOMATED SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY IN PRODUCTION ROOMS.
Creators: name: Murodov, Oybek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The article discusses automated temperature and humidity control systems in production rooms. First, general information about cooling systems, their types and properties is provided, and typical and various designs of temperature and humidity control systems for production rooms are analyzed, and then the implementation of these technologies in such systems is considered.
Do Chiral Soliton Models Predict Pentaquarks?
Creators: name: Klebanov, Igor R.
name: Ouyang, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the relationship between the bound state and the SU(3) rigid rotator approaches to strangeness in chiral soliton models. For non-exotic $S=-1$ baryons the bound state approach matches for small $m_K$ onto the rigid rotator approach, and the bound state mode turns into the rotator zero-mode. However, for small $m_K$, there are no $S=+1$ kaon bound states or resonances in the spectrum. This shows that for large $N$ and small $m_K$ the exotic state is an artifact of the rigid rotator approach. An $S=+1$ near-threshold state with the quantum numbers of the $Θ^+$ pentaquark comes into existence only when sufficiently strong SU(3) breaking is introduced into the chiral lagrangian. Therefore, pentaquarks are not generic predictions of the chiral soliton models.
description: Contribution to proceedings of QCD 2004
Gsx1 promotes proliferation of neural stem cells and influences differentiation towards neuronal cell fates in vitro
Creators: name: Skinner, Ryan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Spinal cord injury effects over 300,000 people in the U.S. and the prevalence increases each year by 17,000 cases. SCI causes the formation of a complex injury environment due to the initial impact and secondary signaling cascades. Currently, there are no cures for SCI and treatments focus on decreasing inflammation and using surgical decompression to limit the spread of injury. The loss of neuron function in the spinal cord causes paralysis and highlights neurogenesis as a key factor in promoting recovery. Endogenous cell responses during SCI have suggested various cell populations as potential targets for new therapeutics. The recent advances in gene therapy are promising for introducing transcription factors into the cells after SCI to promote growth and recovery. Transcription factors Gsx1 and Nkx6.1 have been used in previous studies by our lab due to their role in spinal cord development. Transduction of Gsx1 in mouse models of SCI has been shown to promote functional recovery, while Nkx6.1 did not promote functional recovery. In this study, a neural stem cell culture model was used to further determine the effect of Gsx1 on a stem cell population. Here, we show that Gsx1 transduction increased proliferation in mouse and human stem cell culture models. Lentivirus mediated transduction of Gsx1 followed by a 14-day differentiation of NSCs resulted in increased Map2 positive neurons and decreased GFAP positive astrocytes. Control of gene expression was increased by cloning into a TetON inducible lentivirus vector that can be induced by doxycycline. This study shows the inducible lentivirus expressing Gsx1 also increased the percentage of Map2 positive neurons while decreasing GFAP positive astrocytes in the NSC differentiation model. Gsx1 expression increased proliferation marker Ki67 in mouse and human stem cells while the transcription factor Nkx6.1 did not significantly alter proliferation in either cell line. The inducible lentivirus allowed for easier transduction and selection of cells in culture and created stable transduced cell lines for future studies. This study supports the role of Gsx1 in promoting neuronal cell fate and the potential for Gsx1 gene therapy for spinal cord injury.
Third post-Newtonian constrained canonical dynamics for binary point masses in harmonic coordinates
Creators: name: Memmesheimer, Raoul-Martin
name: Schäfer, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conservative dynamics of two point masses given in harmonic coordinates up to the third post-Newtonian (3pN) order is treated within the framework of constrained canonical dynamics. A representation of the approximate Poincaré algebra is constructed with the aid of Dirac brackets. Uniqueness of the generators of the Poincaré group resp. the integrals of motion is achieved by imposing their action on the point mass coordinates to be identical with that of the usual infinitesimal Poincaré transformations. The second post-Coulombian approximation to the dynamics of two point charges as predicted by Feynman-Wheeler electrodynamics in Lorentz gauge is treated similarly.
description: 42 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev. D