cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mock data study for next-generation ground-based detectors: The performance loss of matched filtering due to correlated confusion noise
Creators: name: Wu, Shichao
name: Nitz, Alexander H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next-generation (3G/XG) ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors such as Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer (CE) will begin observing in the next decade. Due to the extremely high sensitivity of these detectors, the majority of stellar-mass compact-binary mergers in the entire Universe will be observed. It is also expected that 3G detectors will have significant sensitivity down to 2-7 Hz; the observed duration of binary neutron star signals could increase to several hours or days. The abundance and duration of signals will cause them to overlap in time, which may form a confusion noise that could affect the detection of individual GW sources when using naive matched filtering; matched filtering is only optimal for stationary Gaussian noise. We create mock data for CE and ET using the latest population models informed by the GWTC-3 catalog and investigate the performance loss of matched filtering due to overlapping signals. We find the performance loss mainly comes from a deviation in the noise's measured amplitude spectral density. The redshift reach of CE (ET) can be reduced by 15%-38% (8%-21%) depending on the merger rate estimate. The direct contribution of confusion noise to the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is generally negligible compared to the contribution from instrumental noise. We also find that correlated confusion noise has a negligible effect on the quadrature summation rule of network SNR for ET, but might reduce the network SNR of high detector-frame mass signals for detector networks including CE if no mitigation is applied. For ET, the null stream can mitigate the astrophysical foreground. For CE, we demonstrate that a computationally efficient, straightforward single-detector signal subtraction method suppresses the total noise to almost the instrument noise level; this will allow for near-optimal searches.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, this version updates Fig.7, accepted by PRD https://journals.aps.org/prd/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.063022, public code: https://github.com/gwastro/confusion-noise-3g
Studies of metallophthalocyanines, porphyrazines and catalytic materials
Creators: name: Oliver., S.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Introduksjon til datahåndteringsplaner // Introduction to data management plans (Norwegian)
Creators: name: Rekand, Illimar
name: Øvrebø, Daniel Henry
name: Ostrop, Jenny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Data management plans
DMP
FAIR
Datahåndteringsplan
DHP
Open Science
Åpen vitenskap

description: Presentation slides for Introduksjon til datahåndteringsplaner The webinar will introduces Data Management Plans as tool to ensure good data handling practice in a research project and as required by research funders such as the Research Council of Norway or the Horizon Europe funding scheme. The slides are in Norwegian
Orthogonal basis with a conicoid first mode for shape specification of optical surfaces
Creators: name: Ferreira, Chelo
name: Lopez, Jose L.
name: Navarro, Rafael
name: Sinusia, Ester Perez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A rigorous and powerful theoretical framework is proposed to obtain systems of orthogonal functions (or shape modes) to represent optical surfaces. The method is general so it can be applied to different initial shapes and different polynomials. Here we present results for surfaces with circular apertures when the first basis function (mode) is a conicoid. The system for aspheres with rotational symmetry is obtained applying an appropriate change of variables to Legendre polynomials, whereas the system for general freeform case is obtained applying a similar procedure to spherical harmonics. Numerical comparisons with standard systems, such as Forbes and Zernike polynomials, are performed and discussed.
description: This paper has been withdrawn by the author due to an error in the computation of the coefficients used in Example 1. This error affects later computations and pictures and translates into the necessity of a complete modification of the conclusions
The evaluation of novel cathode materials for use in hollow-code lamps
Creators: name: Oliver., Derek R.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Ultrahigh breakdown current density of van der Waals One Dimensional $\mathrm{PdBr_2}$
Creators: name: Das, Bikash
name: Dolui, Kapildeb
name: Paramanik, Rahul
name: Kundu, Tanima
name: Maity, Sujan
name: Ghosh, Anudeepa
name: Palit, Mainak
name: Datta, Subhadeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-dimensional (1D) van der Waals (vdW) materials offer nearly defect-free strands as channel material in the field-effect transistor (FET) devices and probably, a better interconnect than conventional copper with higher current density and resistance to electro-migration with sustainable down-scaling. We report a new halide based "truly" 1D few-chain atomic thread, PdBr$_2$, isolable from its bulk which crystallizes in a monoclinic space group C2/c. Liquid phase exfoliated nanowires with mean length (20$\pm$1)$μ$m transferred onto SiO$_2$/Si wafer with a maximum aspect ratio of 5000 confirms the lower cleavage energy perpendicular to chain direction. Moreover, an isolated nanowire can also sustain current density of 200 MA/cm$^\mathrm{2}$ which is atleast one-order higher than typical copper interconnects. However, local transport measurement via conducting atomic force microscopy (CAFM) tip along the cross direction of the single chain records a much lower current density due to the anisotropic electronic band structure. While 1D nature of the nanoobject can be linked with non-trivial collective quantum behavior, vdW nature could be beneficial for the new pathways in interconnect fabrication strategy with better control of placement in an integrated circuit (IC).
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Community and Health Professionals towards Podoconiosis in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Yakob, Bereket
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2007

description: Introduction: podoconiosis is a, non-infective, chronic disease characterized by the development of persistent swelling of plantar foot which progresses to the dorsum of the foot and encompasses lower leg slowly. Wolaita Zone is highly exposed to crystalline substances and the prevalence of podoconiosis exceeds 5.0%. People with podoconiosis and their families bear a range of negative social impacts as a consequence of having podoconiosis. Objectives: to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of community and health professionals towards podoconiosis in Wolaita Zone. Methods: a quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2007. Community participants were selected by multistage probability sampling while health professionals were selected purposively. Structured, piloted and scrutinized questionnaires were used for data collection. Data were then entered into EPI/INFO V6.04 and exported to SPSS V11.5 for analysis. Results: most (91.6%) of community respondents knew about podoconiosis. Misconceptions about causation ranged from 9.3-62.9% and about prevention methods ranged from 52.0%- 64.9%. Only 21.4% and 11.4% knew that matting floors and cementing floors could prevent podoconiosis, respectively. Nearly 46.0% of community respondents had low knowledge about podoconiosis. About 37.1-55.7% showed stigmatizing and discriminating attitudes towards social interactions with podoconiosis patients, and 63.8% had unfavorable attitude towards podoconiosis. Around 86.1% had ever worn shoes and 54.2% were wearing shoes during interview. Only 58.2% of health professionals (HPs) knew that podoconiosis is caused by soil particles. HPs misconceptions about causes of podoconiosis ranged from 37.1%-61.3%. Majority (54.3%) had low knowledge score about podoconiosis. Working in a private health facility was negatively associated with the general knowledge score of HPs (P<0.05). Most (86.4%) HPs did not feel that they had adequate knowledge and skills to provide care and treatment for podoconiosis patients. Forty-eight percent of HPs had unfavorable attitude and those with viii high knowledge were more likely to have favorable attitude (P<0.05). Thirty-six percent of health professionals had ever treated podoconiosis patients and 71.0% of them prescribed DEC. Conclusions: both community and health professionals had misconceptions about causation, care, treatment and preventions of podoconiosis. Based on findings, awareness raising and behavioral change interventions, hygiene promotion, cementing floors, matting floors, training health professionals on care and treatment of podoconiosis, and further researches on relative importance of various causes of podoconiosis were recommended.
The Turing Way
Creators: name: Herterich, Patricia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Reproducibility
The Turing Way
Community
Handbook

description: This presentation for a panel at the RDA session: Birds of a Feather: Computational Reproducibility: What’s Next for RDA? The presentation addresses the following questions: Q1: Briefly, tell us about your work/organization and how it’s related to computational reproducibility; What are you trying to address and how? Q2: What is your/your organization’s vision when it comes to computational reproducibility (e.g., all scholarship is computationally reproducible by default)? Q3: What are some of the challenges you see to achieving this vision?
Nächtliche Verkehrslärmwirkungen auf Schlaf, Leistung und Befinden unter der Berücksichtigung von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen
Creators: name: Marks, Anke
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Verkehrslärm
subject: Schlaf
subject: Leistung
subject: Persönlichkeit
subject: 150

description: Die Dissertation mit dem Titel „Nächtliche Verkehrslärmwirkungen auf Schlaf, Leistung und Befinden unter der Berücksichtigung von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen“ hat das Forschungsziel, die Effekte von lärmbedingten Schlafstörungen auf die Leistung und das Befinden am nächsten Morgen zu untersuchen. Neben dem äquivalenten Dauerschallpegel als akustische Einflussgröße wurde auch die Persönlichkeit als möglicher individueller Einflussfaktor betrachtet. Die Auswahl fiel dabei auf zwei der bedeutsamsten Eigenschaften, Extraversion und Neurotizismus. Diese Entscheidung beruhte auf zwei Gründen. Zum einen werden in der Literatur Zusammenhänge dieser beiden Persönlichkeitsmerkmale mit der Lärm-empfindlichkeit beschrieben (positive Korrelationen mit Neurotizismus und negative Korrelationen mit Extraversion). Zum anderen reagieren Extravertierte und emotional Instabile unterschiedlich auf Beanspruchungen wie z.B. Lärm. Während Extravertierte mehr aktive, problembezogene Copingstrategien benutzen, neigen emotional Instabile eher zu passiven, emotional fokussierten Bewältigungs-mechanismen. Mit dieser Arbeit sollte überprüft werden, ob die Persönlichkeit einen Teil der erwarteten Zusammenhänge zwischen Lärm, Schlafqualität und Leistung erklären können. Zur Überprüfung der vermuteten Kausalitäten wird während des gesamten Schlafes das Polysomnogramm (2 EEGs, 2 EOGs und 1 EMG) als Indikator der objektiven Schlafqualität gemessen und morgens die subjektive Schlafbeeinträchtigung und die Befindlichkeit abgefragt sowie Leistungstests durchgeführt. Hierbei wurden erstmalig exekutive Funktionen überprüft, von denen man bislang nur wusste, dass sie gegenüber totaler Schlafdeprivation besonders vulnerabel sind.
A study of EPDM rubber absorbed mats used in solar collectors
Creators: name: O'Keefe., Michael J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Polarization of photons emitted by decaying dark matter
Creators: name: Bonivento, W.
name: Gorbunov, D.
name: Shaposhnikov, M.
name: Tokareva, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiatively decaying dark matter may be searched through investigating the photon spectrum of galaxies and galaxy clusters. We explore whether the properties of dark matter can be constrained through the study of a polarization state of emitted photons. Starting from the basic principles of quantum mechanics we show that the models of symmetric dark matter are indiscernible by the photon polarization. However, we find that the asymmetric dark matter consisted of Dirac fermions is a source of circularly polarized photons, calling for the experimental determination of the photon state.
Absolute frequency measurement with uncertainty below $1\times 10^{-15}$ using International Atomic Time
Creators: name: Hachisu, Hidekazu
name: Petit, Gérard
name: Ido, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absolute frequency of the $^{87}{\rm Sr}$ clock transition measured in 2015 was reevaluated using an improved frequency link to the SI second. The scale interval of International Atomic Time (TAI) that we used as the reference was calibrated for an evaluation interval of five days instead of the conventional interval of one month which is regularly employed in Circular T. The calibration on a five-day basis removed the uncertainty in assimilating the TAI scale of the five-day mean to that of the one-month mean. The reevaluation resulted in the total uncertainty of $10^{-16}$ level for the first time without local cesium fountains. Since there are presumably no correlations among systematic shifts of cesium fountains worldwide, the measurement is not limited by the systematic uncertainty of a specific primary frequency standard.
description: Applied Physics B, in press
Assessment of premarital sexual practices and factors related to it among Ambo high school students
Creators: name: Bane, Daba
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2006

description: Most young people throughout the world will be engaged in sexual intercourse by age 20, whether married or unmarried (5). Study done in Ethiopia also revealed that, 52.8% of high school students in North West Ethiopia to be sexually active (3). Moreover the vast majority of sexual intercourse during adolescent are unprotected, and therefore the risky of unwanted pregnancy, unsafe abortion, and STIs including HIV/AIDS is very high for adolescents. Studies conducted so far on adolescent pre-marital sexual practices and factors related to it in Ethiopia was few in number and some of them were old and may not show the present reality. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the magnitude of pre marital sexual practices and factors related to it among randomly selected sample of Ambo high school students from Jan. 2006 to Feb. 2006. Data was collected using anonymous self-administered questionnaire. A total of 813 students were participated in the study. About 19.4% of the respondents had experienced sexual intercourse. Eighty eight (56.4%) of the sexually active respondents claimed to have more than one sexual partners. About 16.5% of sexually active male adolescents visited female commercial sex workers of which only 27.6% reported consistent condom use and 44.8% never used condom during sex with female commercial sex workers. Pre marital sexual intercourse was associated with discussion of sex related issues with their fathers and age of the school adolescents. Those who discuss sex related issues with their father less practiced pre marital sexual intercourse than those who were not [OR=0.603(0.373, 0.975)]. Condom use during sexual intercourse was associated with access to information about sexuality and adolescents reproduce health. Provision of accurate information about adolescent reproductive health, enabling the community to understand adolescents' sexuality, and establishment of adolescent reproductive health club in the school is essential.
Personal history, adventures, experience, & observation of David Copperfield, the younger, no. 06
Creators: name: Dickens, Charles, 1812-1870
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Issued monthly from May, 1849 to November 1850 in blue paper wrappers. Chapters 16-18: Chapter 16. I am a new boy in more senses than one -- Chapter 17. Somebody turns up -- Chapter 18. A retrospect
The statistical dynamics of geophysical flows : an investigation of two-dimensional turbulent flow over topography
Creators: name: O'Kane., Terence J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Οι επιστήμονες παραγνωρίζουν και αδικούν, η ιστορία της επιστήμης όχι
Creators: name: Μαρκάκη, Ευγενία Θεόδωρου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2022
Subjects: ιστορία της επιστήμης
προκατάληψη
επιστημονικός παραγκωνισμός
history of science
bias
scientific marginalization

description: Καθόλη τη διάρκεια της ανθρώπινης ιστορίας, από την αρχαιότητα έως και τη σύγχρονη εποχή, υπήρξαν φιλόσοφοι, επιστήμονες και ερευνητές οι οποίοι, παρόλη τη σημαντική συνεισφορά τους, βίωσαν τον επιστημονικό παραγκωνισμό ή την πολύ καθυστερημένη ή μερική μόνο αναγνώρισή τους. Η παρούσα εργασία εστιάζει στην ανάδειξη, μέσω της βιβλιογραφικής επισκόπησης, ορισμένων τέτοιων αξιόλογων επιστημόνων αλλά και στη διερεύνηση, όπου είναι δυνατόν, των λόγων που οδήγησαν στην περιθωριοποίηση ή/και απόρριψή τους. Επίσης, η εργασία διερευνά τυχόν διακρίσεις που μπορεί να γίνονται στον επιστημονικό χώρο σήμερα και παρουσιάζει κάποιες προτάσεις για την «ελαχιστοποίηση» του φαινομένου
description: Throughout human history, from antiquity to very recent times, there have been philosophers, scientists, and researchers who, despite their significant contributions, have experienced scientific total marginalization or very delayed or even only partial recognition. The present work focuses on the highlighting, through bibliographic review, of some such remarkable scientists but also on the investigation, wherever possible, of the reasons that led to their marginalization and/or rejection. The work also investigates any discrimination that may be made in the scientific field today and presents some suggestions for the "minimization" of the phenomenon
From culture to computation: mapping my open research journey
Creators: name: Steele, Anne Lee
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: open research
open knowledge

description: Keynote speech, presented at the one-day symposium, "Data Hazards, Ethics and Reproducibility One-Day Symposium", held in person at the Alan Turing Institute HQ (London), and online on Friday 10th March 2023.
Magnitude and Associated Factors of Female Genital Mutilation among High School and Preparatory Students in Dale Wabera Woreda, Oromia Regional State
Creators: name: Shiferaw, Desalegn
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2012

description: Background: According to Ethiopian Demographic and Health survey (EDHS) 2005 the prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation was 74.3% in the country and it was 87.2% in Oromia Regional State. Other than Demographic and Health Survey data studies showing the prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation is scarce and in some areas inexistent. So, this study was conducted to give evidence based information for intervention especially in the study area. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the status of Female Genital Mutilation and identifying the associated factors and peoples' perception towards it among high school and preparatory school students in Dale Wabera woreda, Oromia National Regional State. Method: A cross sectional quantitative study design supplemented with qualitative study was conducted. A 95% confidence level and 3% margin of error used to study the magnitude of FGM among 798 high school and preparatory students. A multi stage sampling procedure was employed to select female students in the schools. Sections were randomly selected from each grade and also study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. The data analysis methods used were: Univariate for frequencies, and percentage; bivariate analysis to see association between independent and dependent variables and logistic regression to see the independent effect of selected variables on the magnitude of Female Genital Mutilation. Qualitative data collected through focus group discussion and an in-depth interview were analysed using content analysis to see communities' perception towards the practice of Female Genital Mutilation. Result: Data were collected from 769 study participants with a response rate of 96.4%. About 78%, 95% CI (74.9%, 80.7%) of the study participants underwent the procedure. Age ≥17 [AOR=1.8, 95% CI (1.28, 2.61)], grades 11 and 12 [AOR =2.98; 95% CI (1.45, 6.12)] and [AOR=6.52, 95% CI (1.85, 22.94)], respectively, being from rural area [AOR= 1.6, 95% CI (1.01, 2.52)], and house wife & merchant mother occupation [AOR= 2.38, 95% CI (1.07, 5.29)] & [AOR= 2.72, 95% CI (1.04, 7.12)], respectively were independently associated to higher prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation. In this study, culture, fear of stigma, shame, and hygiene were some of the perceived reasons for Female Genital Mutilation. Conclusion: Irrespective of different forms of interventions in the country, the prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation is still very high in the study area. Those who are at higher risk have to be addressed especially rural residents.
Επίδραση του προγράμματος σπουδών τμημάτων Α.Ε.Ι. στην κατανόηση των διαλυμάτων από πρωτοετείς φοιτητές
Creators: name: Τσολάκη, Δήμητρα Αύγουστου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2022
Subjects: διαλύματα
πρωτοετείς φοιτητές
πρόγραμμα σπουδών χημείας
solutions
first year students
chemistry curriculum

description: Τα διαλύματα και οι ιδιότητές τους παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο στην εργαστηριακή άσκηση των φοιτητών και η κατανόησή τους είναι βασικό στοιχείο της εκπαίδευσης στα τμήματα όπου διδάσκεται Χημεία. Η μελέτη αυτή προσπαθεί να συσχετίσει το αρχικό επίπεδο γνώσεων των πρωτοετών φοιτητών των τμημάτων Φαρμακευτικής και Χημείας του ΑΠΘ με την εξέλιξη των αντιλήψεών τους σχετικά με τα διαλύματα, όπως αυτές διαμορφώνονται στα πλαίσια του μαθήματος της Γενικής Χημείας που διδάσκονται στα δύο τμήματα κατά το πρώτο εξάμηνο των σπουδών τους. Η μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε με τη μορφή δύο ερωτηματολογίων, ενός αρχικού διαγνωστικού στην αρχή του εξαμήνου και ενός τελικού στο τέλος του, στις ακαδημαϊκές χρονιές 2016-17 και 2017-18. Δεν φαίνεται να υπάρχει στατιστικά σημαντική διαφορά όσον αφορά το φύλο των φοιτητών ανά τμήμα. Η επίδοση στο διαγνωστικό ερωτηματολόγιο ακολουθεί ποιοτικά την διακύμανση ανά τμήμα και ανά έτος των βάσεων εισαγωγής στα τμήματα ενώ η επίδοση στο τελικό τεστ σχετίζεται κυρίως με την ένταση και την έκταση της διδασκαλίας της Γενικής Χημείας που έχουν βιώσει οι φοιτητές στις σπουδές τους, με τις περισσότερες ώρες διδασκαλίας και πειραμάτων του τμήματος Χημείας να παίζουν καθοριστικό ρόλο στη μεγαλύτερη βελτίωση των επιδόσεων των φοιτητών του τμήματος
description: Solutions and their properties play an important role in laboratory practice and their understanding is of key importance for the education of students in departments where Chemistry is an obligatory course. This study aims at the correlation of the initial level of knowledge of first-year students of the Departments of Pharmacy and Chemistry of AUTh with the evolution of their perceptions about solutions, as they are formed in the course of General Chemistry taught during the first semester of their studies. The study was conducted in the form of two questionnaires, an initial diagnostic at the beginning of the semester and a final one at the end, in the academic years 2016-17 and 2017-18. There does not appear to be a statistically significant difference relative to the gender of students per department. The performance in the diagnostic questionnaire qualitatively follows the variation per department and per year of the “admission bases” in the corresponding departments while the performance in the final test is mainly related to the intensity and extent of teaching that students have experienced in the General Chemistry course, with the additional teaching an tutorial hours of Chemistry department curriculum playing a key role in the enhanced improvement in the scores achieved by the department's students
Single-emitter quantum key distribution over 175 km of fiber with optimised finite key rates
Creators: name: Morrison, Christopher L.
name: Pousa, Roberto G.
name: Graffitti, Francesco
name: Koong, Zhe Xian
name: Barrow, Peter
name: Stoltz, Nick G.
name: Bouwmeester, Dirk
name: Jeffers, John
name: Oi, Daniel K. L.
name: Gerardot, Brian D.
name: Fedrizzi, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution with solid-state single-photon emitters is gaining traction due to their rapidly improving performance and compatibility with future quantum network architectures. In this work, we perform fibre-based quantum key distribution with a quantum dot frequency-converted to telecom wavelength, achieving count rates of 1.6 MHz with $g^{\left(2\right)}\left(0\right) = 3.6 \%$. We demonstrate positive key rates up to 175 km in the asymptotic regime. We then show that the community standard analysis for non-decoy state QKD drastically overestimates the acquisition time required to generate secure finite keys. Our improved analysis using the multiplicative Chernoff bound reduces the required number of received signals by a factor of $10^8$ over existing work, with the finite key rate approaching the asymptotic limit at all achievable distances for acquisition times of one hour. Over a practical distance of 100 km we achieve a finite key rate of 13 kbps after one minute of integration time. This result represents major progress towards the feasibility of long-distance single-emitter QKD networks.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Nichtparametrische Modellierung von Zeitreihen mit Infektionshäufigkeiten
Creators: name: Schürmann, Christoph
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nichtparametrische Verfahren
subject: Zeitreihenanalyse
subject: Infektionskrankheiten
subject: Regression
subject: 310

description: Die Analyse der Häufigkeiten, mit der eine Infektionskrankheit auftritt, ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für die epidemiologische Bewertung und effiziente Überwachung dieser Krankheit innerhalb eines leistungsfähigen Gesundheitssystems. Zeitreihen mit wöchentlichen Meldefallhäufigkeiten sind dabei von besonderer Bedeutung. In dieser Arbeit wird dazu ein neues Verfahren basierend auf Dekompositionsmodellen vorgestellt, deren Komponenten mit nichtparametrischen Methoden geschätzt werden. Am Beispiel der drei in Nordrhein-Westfalen im Zeitraum 2001 bis 2006 am häufigsten gemeldeten Infektionskrankheiten, Campylobacteriose, Rotavirus-Infektion und Salmonellose, wird gezeigt, dass dieser Ansatz eine gute und sinnvolle Modellierung ermöglicht. Grundlegend ist zunächst die Annahme, dass die Beobachtungen, ggf. nach geeigneter Transformation, als Summe eines Signals und eines zufälligen Fehlers in Form einer stationären Zeitreihe angesehen werden können. Das Signal wird dann in weitere deterministische Komponenten zerlegt, die einen Trend, saisonale, zyklische sowie kalenderbedingte Effekte beschreiben. Aus den inhaltlichen Eigenschaften dieser Bestandteile lassen sich strukturelle Bedingungen an Schätzer ableiten. Es wird untersucht, mit welchen nichtparametrischen Methoden wie Kernschätzern mit lokaler Bandbreite, Adaptive Weights Smoothing Splines, Straffe Saite oder Singular Spectrum Analysis Kandidatenfunktionen für die Schätzung berechenbar sind, die diese Anforderungen erfüllen. Anhand weiterer Kriterien, die für die Komponenten individuell formuliert werden, kann die Schätzung unter den jeweiligen Kandidaten bestimmt werden. Anschließend wird gezeigt, dass die nach Subtraktion der geschätzten Komponenten signalbereinigte Zeitreihe als Realisation eines ARMA-Prozesses niedriger Ordnung angesehen werden kann. Die geschätzten Modelle weisen insgesamt eine hohe Anpassungsgüte für die Beobachtungen und eine geeignete Glattheit auf. Zudem erlauben sie eine intuitive und aussagekräftige Interpretation der Daten. Zum Vergleich mit einem häufig gewählten Ansatz wird die Modellierung durch ein parametrisches Poissonregressionsmodell herangezogen, in dem geeignete Kovariablen schrittweise durch ein Modellselektionskriterium in die Regressionsgleichung aufgenommen werden. Dieser Ansatz besitzt den Nachteil, dass die möglichen Kovariablen nicht ohne strukturelle Annahmen gewählt werden können und führt bei den betrachteten Beispielen zu einer Überanpassung der Schätzung an die Daten. Möglichkeiten zur Vorhersage der Häufigkeiten werden auf Grundlage der nichtparametrischen Schätzung ebenfalls aufgezeigt.
2D Weyl Materials in the Presence of Constant Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Tamashevich, Yaraslau
name: Villari, Leone Di Mauro
name: Ornigotti, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we investigate the effect of a constant external, or artificial, magnetic field on the nonlinear response of 2D Weyl materials. We calculate the Landau Levels for tilted cones in 2D Weyl materials by treating the tilting in a perturbative manner, and employ perturbation theory to calculate the tilting-induced correction to the magnetic field induced Landau spectrum. We then calculate the induced current as a function of the tilting coefficients and extract the correspondent nonlinear signal. Then, we analyze how changing tilting parameter affects nonlinear signal. Our findings show the possibility of achieving a significant tunability of the nonlinear response, by suitably engineering the orientation and degree of tilt of Dirac cones in 2D Weyl materials.
Dietary sodium and potassium intake among adult population of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Mitiku, Semira
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2018

description: Background: World health organization recommends approximately a one to one ratio of sodium to potassium intake. However, most populations around the world consume high amount of sodium and low amount of potassium leading to high sodium to potassium ratio, which puts the population at risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In Ethiopia, population potassium intake and body sodium to potassium ratio is unknown. Objective: The main aim of this study was to see the pattern of potassium and sodium intake and to evaluate salt related knowledge, attitude and behavior among Addis Ababa adult population. Method: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted among 294 individuals aged 20 years and above residing in Addis Ababa. Socio-demographic data and knowledge, attitude and behaviour regarding dietary salt were collected. Repeated multiple pass 24-hour dietary recall and random urine were collected to estimate sodium and potassium intake. Nutrient content of diet was calculated using software package Nutrisurvey. Usual intake from the diet recall was determined using national cancer institute (NCI) method. Prevalence of inadequate potassium intake and prevalence of excess sodium intake were compared with recommended values using SAS 9.3 and STATA14 software. Cobas 6000(501) analyser was used for urine electrolyte analysis. Estimated 24 hour electrolyte (Na and K) excretion was calculated from sample urine using INTERSALT and Tanaka formula. Result: Two hundred eighty four participants were included in the study. The mean intake of potassium was 1.9(SD=0.4) g/day and 1.9(SD=0.6) g/day from urine and diet evaluation respectively. The mean intake of sodium was 3.3 (SD=0.7) g/day and 3.0 (SD=0.9) g/day from urine and diet evaluation respectively. The prevalence of inadequate potassium intake was 100% from both dietary assessment and urine analysis. The prevalence of excess intake of sodium to potassium ratio was 90.1%, with a mean intake of 2.5(1.4). Conclusion and Recommendation: We conclude that there is a high prevalence of inadequate potassium intake and an excess intake of sodium leading to a high prevalence of excess sodium to potassium ratio. Salt related knowledge, attitude and behaviour found to be low as many participants were unaware of their high salt intake. Interventions targeting to decrease sodium intake and to increase potassium intake is needed.
MPEC 2024-Q97 : 2017 BN246
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2017 BN246

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Surveying college introductory physics students' attitudes and approaches to problem solving
Creators: name: Mason, Andrew
name: Singh, Chandralekha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Students' attitudes and approaches to problem solving in physics can greatly impact their actual problem solving practices and also influence their motivation to learn and ultimately the development of expertise. We developed and validated an attitudes and approaches to problem solving (AAPS) survey and administered it to students in the introductory physics courses in a typical large research university in the US. Here, we discuss the development and validation of the survey and analysis of the student responses to the survey questions in introductory physics courses. The introductory physics students' responses to the survey questions were also compared with those of physics faculty members and physics PhD students. We find that introductory students are in general less expert-like than the physics faculty members and PhD students. Moreover, on some AAPS survey questions, the responses of students and faculty have unexpected trends. Those trends were interpreted via in
description: 23 pages, 3 tables, 11 figures, 1 appendix. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1603.03478
Indefinite and Bidirectional Near Infrared Nanocrystal Photoswitching
Creators: name: Lee, Changhwan
name: Xu, Emma Z.
name: Kwock, Kevin W. C.
name: Teitelboim, Ayelet
name: Liu, Yawei
name: Fardian-Melamed, Natalie
name: Pedroso, Cassio C. S.
name: Park, Hye Sun
name: Kim, Jongwoo
name: Pritzl, Stefanie D.
name: Nam, Sang Hwan
name: Lohmueller, Theobald
name: Ercius, Peter
name: Suh, Yung Doug
name: Cohen, Bruce E
name: Chan, Emory M
name: Schuck, P. James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials whose luminescence can be switched by optical stimulation drive technologies ranging from superresolution imaging1-4, nanophotonics5, and optical data storage6-8, to targeted pharmacology, optogenetics, and chemical reactivity9. These photoswitchable probes, including organic fluorophores and proteins, are prone to photodegradation, and often require phototoxic doses of ultraviolet (UV) or visible light. Colloidal inorganic nanoparticles have significant stability advantages over existing photoswitchable materials, but the ability to switch emission bidirectionally, particularly with NIR light, has not been reported with nanoparticles. Here, we present 2-way, near-infrared (NIR) photoswitching of avalanching nanoparticles (ANPs), showing full optical control of upconverted emission using phototriggers in the NIR-I and NIR-II spectral regions useful for subsurface imaging. Employing single-step photodarkening10-13 and photobrightening12,14-18, we demonstrate indefinite photoswitching of individual nanoparticles (>1000 cycles over 7 h) in ambient or aqueous conditions without measurable photodegradation. Critical steps of the photoswitching mechanism are elucidated by modeling and by measuring the photon avalanche properties of single ANPs in both bright and dark states. Unlimited, reversible photoswitching of ANPs enables indefinitely rewritable 2D and 3D multi-level optical patterning of ANPs, as well as optical nanoscopy with sub-Å localization superresolution that allows us to distinguish individual ANPs within tightly packed clusters.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Maternal risk factors for prematurity related neonatal mortality among preterm neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of selected referral Hospitals in Addis Ababa
Creators: name: Gemeda, Dirreba
Publisher: name: National Academic Digital Repository of Ethiopia
Year: 2017

description: Background: The neonatal period is considered high risk period in terms of mortality. Globally, approximately 15 million infants are born prematurely each year, which is more than one tenth of all newborn infants. Mortality due to complications of prematurity is the leading cause of neonatal and children under five age death. Little is known about specific maternal risk factors for prematurity related neonate mortality. Objective: The aim of the proposed study was to identify risk factors for prematurity related neonate mortality. Methods: A facility based nested unmatched case control study design was employed to identify maternal risk factors for prematurity related neonatal mortality. Cases were preterm neonates who died and controls were preterm neonates who survived 28 days of neonatal period among those admitted to NICU ward. The study was conducted from July 25, 2016 to May 29, 2017 at neonatal intensive care units of three Referral hospitals in Addis Ababa city. The total sample size was 471 with 157 cases and 314 controls. Data was entered using Epi Info 7 and analyzed by STATA 12. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to measure the associations between the prematurity related mortality and maternal risk factors. Results: The mean/median gestational age of cases and controls were 30.6/30 and 33.6/34 weeks respectively. The mean (±SD) age of the mothers of cases was 25.8(±4.6) years and that of mothers of controls was 26.6(±4.7) years. Having no formal education [AOR (95% C.I): 6.586 (2.467, 7.582)], ANC visit [AOR (95% C.I): 2.791 (1.604, 4.857)], maternal anemia during pregnancy [AOR (95% C.I): 2.921 (1.396, 6.112)], urine test suggesting infection [AOR (95% C.I): 3.513 (1.261, 9.787)], and antepartum hemorrhage [AOR: (95% CI): 3.151 (1.509 , 6.577)] were found to be risk factors for preterm neonatal mortality. Conclusion and recommendations: Maternal education, poor antenatal care, maternal anemia, and ante partum hemorrhage have strong association with mortality among premature babies. Reduction of mortality among premature babies requires multi-sectorial response. The Ministry of Health (MOH) should give more emphasis to strengthening routine antenatal care and management of obstetric complications like antepartum hemorrhage. The Ministry of Education (MOE) on the other hand should pay special attention to women's higher education; Promotion of proper maternal nutrition could be enhanced through joint effort of the ministries of education and health.
Confinement potential in Soft Wall holographic approach to QCD
Creators: name: Afonin, Sergey
name: Solomko, Timofey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results for the confinement potential of the Cornell type within the framework of the generalized Soft Wall holographic model (with quadratic dilaton background in the metric) which contains an additional parameter responsible for the value of intercept of the linear Regge spectrum. Next, we note that the Cornell potential arises also in some Soft Wall models which do not lead to Regge-like spectrum. As an example, we demonstrate this property in a model with linear dilaton background in the metric. This example is at odds with intuition based on the hadron string picture that the linearly rising potential and Regge-like spectrum are directly related.
description: 6 pages, contribution to the International Conference on Quantum Field Theory, High-Energy Physics, and Cosmology (Dubna, Russian Federation, July 2022)
Stop Breeding Unicorns
Creators: name: Whitaker, Kirstie Jane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: More and more data scientists are feeling the pressure to be experts in all areas, from programming and cleaning data to visualisation, promotion, project management and even public engagement. Unless you are a unicorn who can expertly lead in all areas, a more efficient and effective pathway would be to adjust the incentive structure to allow for teams of experts in those domains to work together. This session will showcase how this attitude needs to be changed and how, by relying on teams to work together, we can ensure research excellence. ------- This presentation was given by Kirstie Whitaker at AI UK 2023: the UK’s national showcase of data science and artificial intelligence (AI) on 21 March 2023. Hosted by The Alan Turing Institute, AI UK 2023 will be an in-depth exploration of how data science and AI can be used to solve real-world challenges. Our diverse programme has been thematically structured around the UK Government’s Office for Science and Technology Strategy’s priorities. With a broad range of interactive content, expect to hear the latest thinking on digital twins, algorithmic bias and AI ethics. https://ai-uk.turing.ac.uk Useful links Tools, Practices and Systems Research Programme at the Alan Turing Institute: https://www.turing.ac.uk/research/research-programmes/tools-practices-and-systems The Turing Way book: https://the-turing-way.netlify.com The Turing Way GitHub repository: https://github.com/alan-turing-institute/the-turing-way The Turing Way newsletter: https://tinyletter.com/TuringWay
description: This work was supported by The UKRI Strategic Priorities Fund under the EPSRC Grant EP/T001569/1, particularly the "Tools, Practices and Systems" theme within that grant, and by The Alan Turing Institute under the EPSRC grant EP/N510129/1.
A quantum logic gate for free electrons
Creators: name: Löffler, Stefan
name: Schachinger, Thomas
name: Hartel, Peter
name: Lu, Peng-Han
name: Dunin-Borkowski, Rafal E.
name: Obermair, Martin
name: Dries, Manuel
name: Gerthsen, Dagmar
name: Schattschneider, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological charge $m$ of vortex electrons spans an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. Selecting a two-dimensional subspace spanned by $m=\pm 1$, a beam electron in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) can be considered as a quantum bit (qubit) freely propagating in the column. A combination of electron optical quadrupole lenses can serve as a universal device to manipulate such qubits at the experimenter's discretion. We set up a TEM probe forming lens system as a quantum gate and demonstrate its action numerically and experimentally. High-end TEMs with aberration correctors are a promising platform for such experiments, opening the way to study quantum logic gates in the electron microscope.
Critical behaviour of ($2+1$)-dimensional QED: $1/N_f$-corrections in an arbitrary non-local gauge
Creators: name: Kotikov, A. V.
name: Teber, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking (D$χ$SB) is studied within ($2+1$)-dimensional QED with $N$ four-component fermions. The leading and next-to-leading orders of the $1/N$ expansion are computed exactly. The analysis is carried out in an arbitrary non-local gauge. Resumming the wave-function renormalization constant at the level of the gap equation yields a strong suppression of the gauge dependence of the critical fermion flavour number, $N_c(ξ)$ where $ξ$ is the gauge fixing parameter, which is such that D$χ$SB takes place for $N
description: (v2) Accepted for publication in PRD. 8 pages, 2 figures; 2 references added. (v1) LaTeX file with feynMF package. 6 pages, 2 figures; includes Supplemental Material (3 pages). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1605.01911
The sedimentological, volcanological and stratigraphic evolution of the Mt. Howitt Province, east-central Victoria : implications for tectonic settings in the Late Devonian - Early Carboniferous Lachlan Fold Belt
Creators: name: O'Halloran., Gerard J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
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