title: ÐÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð±Ð°ÐºÐ°Ð»Ð°Ð²ÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Investigation of microstructure by optical metallography
Creators: name: ÐÐ°Ð°Ñ, ÐÐ½Ð´ÑÐµÐ¹
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2023
Subjects: Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ
Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ
ÑÐ²ÐµÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿
Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑ
Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹
ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ° Ð·ÐµÑÐ½Ð°
ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ
Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ñ
Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ
Ð°ÑÐ¼ÐºÐ¾-Ð¶ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ·Ð¾
microstructures
optical metallography
light microscope
microscopic images
microstructure research methods
image analysis
grain size calculation
finite-element modeling
materials science
mechanical engineering
microstructure analysis quantitative information
metallurgy
armco-iron

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¸Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ð¼Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ð¼ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. Ð ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÐµ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð°, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÐµÐ¼ÑÐµ Ð² Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÑÐ¾Ð¼Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾, Ð² ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐ²ÐµÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð¼Ð¸. Ð¢Ð°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ, ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð°, Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸Ð·Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑ, Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. Ð¢Ð°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ° Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÐºÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑÐ°. ÐÑÐ»Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¼Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÑÑÐ¸Ðµ Ð°ÑÐ¿ÐµÐºÑÑ: 1. ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð±Ð»Ð¾Ðº Ð½Ð° ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð¸ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ð¸, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÐºÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÐµÐ² Ð²ÑÐ±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹ 2. Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿ Carl Zeiss JENA NU-2E, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð² Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¸. ÐÐ³Ð¾ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ²Ð° Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ 3. ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÐ¸ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ° Ð·ÐµÑÐ½Ð° Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð° Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÑÐºÑÑÑÐ° Ð°ÑÐ¼ÐºÐ¾-Ð¶ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ·Ð° Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð² Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸. ÐÑÐ»Ð° Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð° Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ° Ð¾Ð±ÑÐµÐ¼Ð° Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÑÐµÐ¼ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ð° Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¼ÐµÑÐ° Ð·ÐµÑÐµÐ½ Ð² ÑÐ¾Ð½ÐºÐ¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ°Ð»Ð»Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÐµÐ·Ð°Ñ, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð°ÑÐ¼ÐºÐ¾-Ð¶ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ·Ð°.
description: This thesis is devoted to the equipment and methods of studying the microstructure of materials by means of optical metallography. As part of this work in practice studied the design of a metallographic microscope, as well as the various methods used in optical metallography. In addition, the paper discusses light metallography in comparison to other microscopic methods. Also, the work contains a description of methods of analysis, processing and quantification of images of microstructures obtained by means of optical metallography. A practical problem was also solved as part of a larger project. The following aspects were considered: 1. a structured theoretical block on the subject of microscopy capabilities and methods, and an analysis of the criteria for the selection of microscopic research methods 2. The Carl Zeiss JENA NU-2E microscope used in the study. its properties and characteristics 3. Problem solution in finding the grain size for constructing a finite-element model The microstructure of Armco-iron was studied using optical metallography methods. The volume and distribution of plastic deformation were evaluated by analyzing grain size changes in thin metallographic sections and numerical values of true deformations for different states of armco-iron were obtained.