cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Assessing blinding in trials of psychiatric disorders: A meta-analysis based on blinding index
Creators: name: Panagiotakis, Gary
name: Assall, Oliver Paul
name: Park, Jongbae J.
name: Moroz, Alex
name: Freed, Brian
name: Bang, Heejung
name: Baethge, Christopher
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The assessment of blinding in RCTs is rarely performed. Currently most studies that do report data on evaluation of blinding merely report percentages of correct guessing, not taking into account correct guessing by chance. Blinding assessment using the blinding index (BI) has never been performed in a systematic review on studies of major psychiatric disorders. This study is a systematic review of psychiatric randomized control trials using the BI as a chance-corrected measurement of blinding, a tool to analyze and understand the patterns of blinding across studies of major psychiatric disorders with available data. Of 2467 psychiatric RCTs from 2000 to 2010, 66 reported on blinding and 40 studies were found to have enough information on evaluation of blinding to be analyzed using the BI. The experimental treatment groups had an average BI value of 0.14 and the control groups had an average BI value of 0.00. The most common BI scenario was random–random, indicating ideal blinding. A positive correlation between effect size and more correct guesses was also found. Overall, based on BI values and the most common blinding scenario, the published articles on major psychiatric disorders from 2000 to 2010, which reported on blinding assessment for patients, were effectively blinded.
Distress intolerance and clinical functioning in persons with schizophrenia
Creators: name: Chiappelli, Joshua
name: Hong, L. Elliot
name: Rowland, Laura M.
name: Daughters, Stacey B.
name: Nugent, Katie L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Impaired tolerance to distress may help explain part of the cognitive and functional impairments in schizophrenia. This project investigated distress intolerance in schizophrenia patients (SZ) as compared to controls, and whether distress intolerance represented an independent domain in relationship to symptoms, cognition, and functional capacity. Healthy controls (n=43) and SZ (n=65) completed a psychological distress challenge experiment and their levels of intolerance to distress were estimated. SZ showed increased distress intolerance such that they were significantly more likely to terminate the distress challenge session early compared to controls. Greater distress intolerance was associated with reduced functional capacity and worse cognitive performance in SZ. Mediation analyses suggested that distress intolerance had an independent effect on functional capacity, while some of this effect was mediated by cognitive performance. Our results suggest that distress intolerance is a promising domain for treatment research, and functional capacity may be improved by targeting treatments towards SZ patient’s ability to tolerate distress.
Prediction of magnetic moment collapse in ZrFe$_2$ under hydrostatic pressure
Creators: name: Zhang, Wenxu
name: Zhang, Wanli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic structure and magnetic properties of ZrFe$_2$ with a cubic Laves phase are investigated by calculations based on the density functional theory. The total magnetic moment (m) of 3.14 $μ_B$ per formula unit (\emph{f.u.}) is obtained at the experimental lattice constant (7.06 Å), which is larger than 3.06 $μ_B$/\emph{f.u.} obtained at the theoretical equilibrium lattice constant (6.85 Å). The localized $3d$ magnetic moment is in negative diffusive sp background moment. We predict a two-step magnetic collapse under pressure: one is from 3.06 $μ_B$/\emph{f.u.} to 1.26 $μ_B$/\emph{f.u.} at about 3.6 GPa, and the other is from 0.5 $μ_B$/\emph{f.u.} to nonmagnetic state at about 15 GPa. We understand this process by the changes of density of states. The magnetic moment decreases under the pressure in the vicinity of the experimental lattice constant with $d\ln m/dp=-0.038$ GPa$^{-1}$. The spontaneous volume magnetostriction is 0.015. We suggest that the Invar effect of this alloy may be understood when considering the magnetic moment variation according to the Weiss $2γ$-model.
Diffusive density response of electrons in anisotropic multiband systems
Creators: name: Suh, Jeonghyeon
name: Kim, Sunghoon
name: Hwang, E. H.
name: Min, Hongki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explicitly calculate the density-density response function with conserving vertex corrections for anisotropic multiband systems in the presence of impurities including long-range disorder. The direction-dependence of the vertex corrections is correctly considered to obtain the diffusion constant which is given by the combination of the componentwise transport relaxation times and velocities on the Fermi surface. We also investigate the diffusive density response of various anisotropic systems, propose some empirical rules for the corresponding diffusion constant, and demonstrate that it is crucial to consider the component-dependence of the transport relaxation times to correctly interpret the transport properties of anisotropic systems, especially various topological materials with a different power-law dispersion in each direction.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures
Photonuclear production of vector mesons in ultra-peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: Nystrand, Joakim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vector mesons are copiously produced in ultra-peripheral nucleus-nucleus collisions. In these collisions, the nuclei are separated by impact parameters larger than the sum of the nuclear radii, and the interaction is mediated by the electromagnetic field. The interaction effectively corresponds to a photonuclear interaction between a photon, generated from the electromagnetic field of one of the nuclei, and the target nucleus. The ALICE Collaboration has previously published results on exclusive J/psi photoproduction at mid and forward rapidities in Pb-Pb collisions. The cross section for this process is a particularly good measure of the nuclear gluon distribution. In this talk, the latest results on exclusive production of light and heavy vector mesons from ALICE in Pb-Pb collisions will be presented.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Presented at the XXIV International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions (Quark Matter 2014), Darmstadt, Germany, 19-24 May 2014. Fixed typo in Eq. 1
CMOS pixel sensors optimized for large ionizing dynamic
Creators: name: Ren, W.
name: Baudot, J.
name: Federici, L.
name: Finck, C.
name: Hu-Guo, C.
name: Kachel, M.
name: Reidel, C. -A.
name: Schui, C.
name: Sefri, R.
name: Spiriti, E.
name: Weber, U.
name: Zhao, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) are now well established as a technology for tracking charged particles, especially when low material budget is desirable. For such applications, sensors focus on spatial resolution and pixels with digital output or modest charge measurement ability are well suited. Within the European Union STRONG-2020 project, which focuses on experiments using hadrons, the TIIMM (Tracking and Ions Identifications with Minimal Material budget) joint research activity intends to expand granular MAPS capacity to energy-loss (ΔE) measurement for ion species identification. The TIIMM prototypes are developed in the Tower Jazz 180 nm CMOS image sensor (CIS) process. The Time-Over-Threshold (ToT) method is applied to the sensor for the energy-loss measurement. The main design details and the preliminary test results from laboratory measurements of the initial TIIMM prototype are presented in this work.
description: 4 pages
Exploratory analysis of social cognition and neurocognition in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis
Creators: name: Barbato, Mariapaola
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Keefe, Richard S.E.
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Penn, David L.
name: Addington, Jean
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Neurocognition and social cognition are separate but related constructs known to be impaired in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to extend the current knowledge of the relationship between social cognition and neurocognition in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis by examining, in a large sample, the associations between a wide range of neurocognitive tasks and social cognition. Participants included 136 young people at CHR. Specific domains within neurocognition and social cognition were compared using Spearman correlations. Results showed that poor theory of mind correlated with low ratings on a wide range of neurocognitive tasks. Facial affect was more often associated with low ratings on spatial working memory and attention. These results supports a link between neurocognition and social cognition even at this early stage of potential psychosis, with indication that poorer performance on social cognition may be associated with deficits in attention and working memory. Understanding these early associations may have implications for early intervention.
A low-rank power iteration scheme for neutron transport criticality problems
Creators: name: Kusch, Jonas
name: Whewell, Benjamin
name: McClarren, Ryan
name: Frank, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Computing effective eigenvalues for neutron transport often requires a fine numerical resolution. The main challenge of such computations is the high memory effort of classical solvers, which limits the accuracy of chosen discretizations. In this work, we derive a method for the computation of effective eigenvalues when the underlying solution has a low-rank structure. This is accomplished by utilizing dynamical low-rank approximation (DLRA), which is an efficient strategy to derive time evolution equations for low-rank solution representations. The main idea is to interpret the iterates of the classical inverse power iteration as pseudo-time steps and apply the DLRA concepts in this framework. In our numerical experiment, we demonstrate that our method significantly reduces memory requirements while achieving the desired accuracy. Analytic investigations show that the proposed iteration scheme inherits the convergence speed of the inverse power iteration, at least for a simplified setting.
MPEC 2023-D66 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 February 26)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Error-Correcting Neural Networks for Two-Dimensional Curvature Computation in the Level-Set Method
Creators: name: Larios-Cárdenas, Luis Ángel
name: Gibou, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6; G.1.8
subject: 68T99, 65Z05, 65N06

description: We present an error-neural-modeling-based strategy for approximating two-dimensional curvature in the level-set method. Our main contribution is a redesigned hybrid solver [Larios-Cárdenas and Gibou, J. Comput. Phys. (May 2022), 10.1016/j.jcp.2022.111291] that relies on numerical schemes to enable machine-learning operations on demand. In particular, our routine features double predicting to harness curvature symmetry invariance in favor of precision and stability. The core of this solver is a multilayer perceptron trained on circular- and sinusoidal-interface samples. Its role is to quantify the error in numerical curvature approximations and emit corrected estimates for select grid vertices along the free boundary. These corrections arise in response to preprocessed context level-set, curvature, and gradient data. To promote neural capacity, we have adopted sample negative-curvature normalization, reorientation, and reflection-based augmentation. In the same manner, our system incorporates dimensionality reduction, well-balancedness, and regularization to minimize outlying effects. Our training approach is likewise scalable across mesh sizes. For this purpose, we have introduced dimensionless parametrization and probabilistic subsampling during data production. Together, all these elements have improved the accuracy and efficiency of curvature calculations around under-resolved regions. In most experiments, our strategy has outperformed the numerical baseline at twice the number of redistancing steps while requiring only a fraction of the cost.
Functional development in clinical high risk youth: Prediction of schizophrenia versus other psychotic disorders
Creators: name: Addington, Jean
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Walker, Elaine F.
name: Heinssen, Robert
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: Seidman, Larry J.
name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
name: Tarbox, Sarah I.
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: This study evaluates premorbid social and academic functioning in clinical high-risk individuals as predictors of transition to schizophrenia versus another psychotic disorder. Participants were 54 individuals enrolled in phase one of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study who over two and a half years of follow-up met criteria for schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder (n = 28) or another psychotic disorder (n = 26). Social and academic functioning in childhood, early adolescence, and late adolescence was assessed at baseline using the Cannon-Spoor Premorbid Adjustment Scale. Social maladjustment in late adolescence predicted significantly higher odds of transition to schizophrenia versus another psychotic disorder independent of childhood and early adolescent adjustment (OR = 4.02) and conveyed unique risk over academic maladjustment (OR = 5.64). Premorbid academic maladjustment was not associated with psychotic disorder diagnosis. Results support diagnostic specificity of premorbid social dysfunction to schizophrenia in clinical high-risk youth and underscore an important role for social maladjustment in the developmental pathology of schizophrenia and its prediction.
Neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting in the Standard Model and baryogenesis
Creators: name: Fujikawa, Kazuo
name: Tureanu, Anca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of a previously proposed mechanism of neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting in the Standard Model, which is Lorentz and $SU(2)\times U(1)$ invariant but non-local to evade $CPT$ theorem, we discuss the possible implications of neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting on neutrino physics and baryogenesis. It is shown that non-locality within a distance scale of the Planck length, that may not be fatal to unitarity in generic effective theory, can generate the neutrino-antineutrino mass splitting of the order of observed neutrino mass differences, which is tested in oscillation experiments, and non-negligible baryon asymmetry depending on the estimate of sphaleron dynamics. The one-loop order induced electron-positron mass splitting in the Standard Model is shown to be finite and estimated at $\sim 10^{-20}$ eV, well below the experimental bound $< 10^{-2}$ eV. The induced $CPT$ violation in the $K$-meson in the Standard Model is expected to be even smaller and well below the experimental bound $|m_{K}-m_{\bar{K}}|<0.44\times 10^{-18}$ GeV.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
Bose condensation and branes
Creators: name: Dolan, Brian P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the cosmological constant is considered to be a thermodynamical variable in black hole thermodynamics, analogous to a pressure, its conjugate variable can be thought of as a thermodynamic volume for the black hole. In the AdS/CFT correspondence this interpretation cannot be applied to the CFT on the boundary but, from the point of view of the boundary $SU(N)$ gauge theory, varying the cosmological constant in the bulk is equivalent to varying the number of colors in the gauge theory. This interpretation is examined in the case of $AdS_5\times S^5$, for ${\cal N}=4$ SUSY Yang-Mills at large $N$, and the variable thermodynamically conjugate to $N$, a chemical potential for color, is determined. It is shown that the chemical potential in the high temperature phase of the Yang-Mills theory is negative and decreases as temperature increases, as expected. For spherical black holes in the bulk the chemical potential approaches zero as the temperature is lowered below the Hawking-Page temperature and changes sign at a temperature that is within one part in a thousand of the temperature at which the heat capacity diverges.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Cosmological model-independent measurement of cosmic curvature using distance sum rule with the help of gravitational waves
Creators: name: Wang, Yan-Jin
name: Qi, Jing-Zhao
name: Wang, Bo
name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Cui, Jing-Lei
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the cosmic curvature has been tightly constrained in the standard cosmological model using observations of cosmic microwave background anisotropies, it is still of great importance to independently measure this key parameter using only late-universe observations in a cosmological model-independent way. The distance sum rule in strong gravitational lensing (SGL) provides such a way, provided that the three distances in the sum rule can be calibrated by other observations. In this paper, we propose that gravitational waves (GWs) can be used to provide the distance calibration in the SGL method, which can avoid the dependence on distance ladder and cover a wider redshift range. Using the simulated GW standard siren observation by the Einstein Telescope as an example, we show that this scheme is feasible and advantageous. We find that $ΔΩ_k\simeq 0.17$ with the current SGL data, which is slightly more precise than the case of using SN to calibrate. Furthermore, we consider the forthcoming LSST survey that is expected to observe many SGL systems, and we find that about $10^4$ SGL data could provide the precise measurement of $ΔΩ_k\simeq 10^{-2}$ with the help of GWs. In addition, our results confirm that this method of constraining $Ω_k$ is strongly dependent on lens models. However, obtaining a more accurate phenomenological model for lens galaxies is highly predictable as future massive surveys observe more and more SGL samples, which will significantly improve the constraint of cosmic curvature.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
The content of attenuated psychotic symptoms in those at clinical high risk for psychosis
Creators: name: Seidman, Larry J.
name: Walker, Elaine
name: Addington, Jean
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Marshall, Catherine
name: Denny, Erin
name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Recent research has started to focus on identifying individuals who are at clinical high risk of developing psychosis as a means to try and understand the predictors and mechanisms involved in the progress to a full psychotic episode. The aim of the current study was to provide an initial description and prevalence rates of specific content found within attenuated positive symptoms. The Content of Attenuated Positive Symptoms (CAPS) codebook was used by independent raters to determine the presence of content within a sample of written vignettes. Krippendorff's alpha was used to determine inter-rater reliability. Overall, the majority of items fell in or above an acceptable range of reliability. There was heterogeneity present in the types of content endorsed. However, the most commonly endorsed items included being perplexed by reality, increased hypervigilence, being gifted, hearing indistinct and distinct sounds, seeing figures or shadows, something touching the individual, and unpleasant smells. The use of the CAPS codebook is a reliable way to code the content of attenuated positive symptoms. Identifying and monitoring the presence of certain content may provide insight into the presence of other comorbid issues and the potential for future conversion.
Ultraslow Wave Nuclear Burning of Uranium-Plutonium Fissile Medium on Epithermal Neutrons
Creators: name: Rusov, V. D.
name: Tarasov, V. A.
name: Eingorn, M. V.
name: Chernezhenko, S. A.
name: Kakaev, A. A.
name: Vashchenko, V. M.
name: Beglaryan, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a fissile medium, originally consisting of uranium-238, the investigation of fulfillment of the wave burning criterion in a wide range of neutron energies is conducted for the first time, and a possibility of wave nuclear burning not only in the region of fast neutrons, but also for cold, epithermal and resonance ones is discovered for the first time. For the first time the results of the investigation of the Feoktistov criterion fulfillment for a fissile medium, originally consisting of uranium-238 dioxide with enrichments 4.38%, 2.00%, 1.00%, 0.71% and 0.50% with respect to uranium-235, in the region of neutron energies 0.015-10.0eV are presented. These results indicate a possibility of ultraslow wave neutron-nuclear burning mode realization in the uranium-plutonium media, originally (before the wave initiation by external neutron source) having enrichments with respect to uranium-235, corresponding to the subcritical state, in the regions of cold, thermal, epithermal and resonance neutrons. In order to validate the conclusions, based on the slow wave neutron-nuclear burning criterion fulfillment depending on the neutron energy, the numerical modeling of ultraslow wave neutron-nuclear burning of a natural uranium in the epithermal region of neutron energies (0.1-7.0eV) was conducted for the first time. The presented simulated results indicate the realization of the ultraslow wave neutron-nuclear burning of the natural uranium for the epithermal neutrons.
description: 35 pages, 19 figures (v2: Fig12 and some misprints in the text are fixed)
Public assistance, survival, and household trust during the containment period of the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Togo
Creators: name: Sodokin, Koffi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Behavioural economics
Other economics not elsewhere classified

description: This paper analyzes the impact of public assistance during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with regard to household survival, using data from a two-round survey of 1274 respondents in Togo conducted by the National Institute of Statistics, Economic and Demographic Studies. The analysis uses the propensity score matching method, the probit model, and the discrete endogenous regressor. The first result shows that more than two thirds of respondents experienced income shocks due to the health crisis. The second result shows that public assistance programs have enabled the beneficiary populations to overcome the impact of shocks.
Gravitational collapse of charged scalar fields
Creators: name: Torres, Jose M.
name: Alcubierre, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to study the gravitational collapse of charged matter we analyze the simple model of an self-gravitating massless scalar field coupled to the electromagnetic field in spherical symmetry. The evolution equations for the Maxwell-Klein-Gordon sector are derived in the 3+1 formalism, and coupled to gravity by means of the stress-energy tensor of these fields. To solve consistently the full system we employ a generalized Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura (BSSN) formulation of General Relativity that is adapted to spherical symmetry. We consider two sets of initial data that represent a time symmetric spherical thick shell of charged scalar field, and differ by the fact that one set has zero global electrical charge while the other has non-zero global charge. For compact enough initial shells we find that the configuration doesn't disperse and approaches a final state corresponding to a sub-extremal Reissner-Nördstrom black hole with $|Q|
description: 19 pages, 30 figures. Accepted in General Relativity and Gravitation
Reply to Comment on "Contextuality in bosonic bunching"
Creators: name: Kurzynski, Pawel
name: Soeda, Akihito
name: Thompson, Jayne
name: Kaszlikowski, Dagomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a reply to arXiv:1409.7513 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 138901 (2014)].
description: Reply to arXiv:1409.7513 [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 138901 (2014)]. See also arXiv:1306.3700 and arXiv:1212.5502
Photo-Induced Image Current
Creators: name: Koksal, Koray
name: Celik, Fatih Ahmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of the generation of the photo-induced image currents at a distance from the surface of nano-sized metal clusters by using time-dependent perturbation theory. We reveal that the wave function of an electron excited to the image state is localized outside the surface and current flows in a spherical shell whose radius is a few times the radius of the sphere. Spin polarized light has been applied to a perfect icosahedral metal cluster Li$_{13}$ whose optimization is achieved by molecular dynamic simulation and band structure is obtained by DFT method and by solution of radial Schrödinger equation. Up to our knowledge, despite the great effort on their characteristics, image electrons have not been the subject of the studies on photo-induced current.
description: 4 pages
The factor structure of psychiatric comorbidity among Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans and its relationship to violence, incarceration, suicide attempts, and suicidality
Creators: name: Beckham, Jean C.
name: Elbogen, Eric B.
name: Brancu, Mira
name: Calhoun, Patrick S.
name: Kimbrel, Nathan A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The present research examined how incarceration, suicide attempts, suicidality, and difficulty controlling violence relate to the underlying factor structure of psychiatric comorbidity among a large sample of Iraq/Afghanistan-era veterans (N = 1897). Diagnostic interviews established psychiatric diagnoses; self-report measures assessed history of incarceration, difficulty controlling violence, suicide attempts, and suicidality. A 3-factor measurement model characterized by latent factors for externalizing-substance-use disorders (SUD), distress, and fear provided excellent fit to the data. Alcohol-use disorder, drug-use disorder, and nicotine dependence were indicators on the externalizing-SUD factor. Posttraumatic stress disorder and depression were indicators on the distress factor. Panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, and obsessive-compulsive disorder were indicators on the fear factor. Incarceration was exclusively predicted by the externalizing-SUD factor. Difficulty controlling violence, suicidality, and suicide attempts were exclusively predicted by the distress factor. Contrary to hypotheses, the path from the externalizing/SUD factor to difficulty controlling violence was not significant. Taken together, these findings suggest that the distress factor of psychiatric comorbidity is a significant risk factor for suicidality, suicide attempts, and difficulty controlling violence and could help to explain the frequent co-occurrence of these critical outcomes among returning Iraq/Afghanistan veterans.
Integrable double deformation of the principal chiral model
Creators: name: Delduc, Francois
name: Magro, Marc
name: Vicedo, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a two-parameter family of integrable deformations of the principal chiral model on an arbitrary compact group. The Yang-Baxter sigma-model and the principal chiral model with a Wess-Zumino term both correspond to limits in which one of the two parameters vanishes.
description: 12 pages
The use of narrative sampling in the assessment of social cognition: The Narrative of Emotions Task (NET)
Creators: name: Buck, Benjamin
name: Penn, David L.
name: Ludwig, Kelsey
name: Meyer, Piper S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Social cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are well documented and related to functional outcome. Current social cognition measures are often not psychometrically validated, too heterogeneous for standardization, and focus principally on one domain of social cognition rather than the simultaneous activation of multiple domains. Also, few if any allow for personalization of stimuli and interpretation of personally evocative events. An alternative methodology that addresses these limitations is the analysis of samples of personal narratives. The present study evaluates the psychometric properties of a measure called the Narrative of Emotions Task (NET). The NET was used to assess the performance of participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and nonclinical controls. Use of the NET revealed significant impairments in the emotional narratives of participants with schizophrenia. Various NET indices were significantly related to current measures of theory of mind and emotion perception, as well as a social skills role-play, but were not related to measures of attributional style or clinician-rated functioning scales. Overall, the NET's psychometric properties justify further use of the narrative sampling method of social cognition assessment in this population.
Overview of PHENIX results
Creators: name: Esha, Roli
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: hepch23
phenix
energy loss
heavy flavor
thermal photon
elliptic
flow
cu+au
jet
modification
charm
bottom
direct photon
scaling
small systems
p+p
p+al
p+au
d+au
3he+au
correlations
raa
nuclear
π0
φ
J/Ψ
charmonium

description: Talk presented at the International Conference on High Energy Physics in the LHC Era 2023
Food in science, science in food – Interdisciplinarity in science/chemistry and home economics lower secondary curricula across three countries
Creators: name: Fooladi, Erik C.
name: Tuomisto, Maiju
name: Haapaniemi, Janni
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Science Policy

description: Food, cooking, and eating are commonly used as contexts or legitimations to teach and communicate science. However, for teaching to have contextual credibility, the relationship between subject and context is a relevant area of study. The present contribution describes an analysis of curricula from three Nordic countries shedding light on conditions for interdisciplinarity and/or curricular integration between the subjects science/chemistry on the one side, and home economics on the other. A two-phase documentary analysis was conducted on curricula from Finland, Norway, and Sweden from 2006 to 2020, revealing substantial potential for interdisciplinary collaboration and/or curricular integration. This is seen both in common declarative knowledge content ('declarative knowledge overlap') and, more interestingly, meeting points between subject-dependent practices and ways of thinking ('transfer of practices and ways of thinking'). The second inductive phase produced 11 themes common to the subjects. Possibilities and challenges are discussed in relation to the subjects’ epistemologies and ontologies, as well as practitioners’ competencies, attitudes, and creativity for subject boundary-crossing. Consequently, we conceptualise teachers’ roles as lying in the span between ‘teacher as polymath’ and ‘teacher as collaborator’. The present work also provides a instrument for exploring curricular conditions for interdisciplinarity between subjects on a more general basis.
Higher-order initial conditions with massive neutrinos
Creators: name: Elbers, Willem
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Jenkins, Adrian
name: Li, Baojiu
name: Pascoli, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery that neutrinos have mass has important consequences for cosmology. The main effect of massive neutrinos is to suppress the growth of cosmic structure on small scales. Such growth can be accurately modelled using cosmological $N$-body simulations, but doing so requires accurate initial conditions (ICs). There is a trade-off, especially with first-order ICs, between truncation errors for late starts and discreteness and relativistic errors for early starts. Errors can be minimized by starting simulations at late times using higher-order ICs. In this paper, we show that neutrino effects can be absorbed into scale-independent coefficients in higher-order Lagrangian perturbation theory (LPT). This clears the way for the use of higher-order ICs for massive neutrino simulations. We demonstrate that going to higher order substantially improves the accuracy of simulations. To match the sensitivity of surveys like DESI and Euclid, errors in the matter power spectrum should be well below 1%. However, we find that first-order Zel'dovich ICs lead to much larger errors, even when starting as early as $z=127$, exceeding 1% at $z=0$ for $k>0.5\text{ Mpc}^{-1}$ for the power spectrum and $k>0.1\text{ Mpc}^{-1}$ for the equilateral bispectrum in our simulations. Ratios of power spectra with different neutrino masses are more robust than absolute statistics, but still depend on the choice of ICs. For all statistics considered, we obtain 1% agreement between 2LPT and 3LPT at $z=0$.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, with link to software, minor update of version submitted to MNRAS
Globalisierung als verschleiernde Ideologie zur Verdrehung und Rechtfertigung der Missstände in der gegenwärtigen Wirklichkeit
Creators: name: Hinkelammert, Franz Josef
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 37 Nr. 5 (2001): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 37, Heft 5
Associations between sleep disturbance, cognitive functioning and work disability in Bipolar Disorder
Creators: name: Hamilton, Jessica L.
name: Cedeño, Angelo B.
name: Black, Chelsea L.
name: Connolly, Samantha L.
name: LaBelle, Denise R.
name: Ong, Mian-Li
name: Molz Adams, Ashleigh
name: Stange, Jonathan P.
name: Alloy, Lauren B.
name: Boland, Elaine M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Bipolar Disorder (BD) is associated with impairment in a number of areas including poor work functioning, often despite the remission of mood symptoms. The present study aimed to examine the role of sleep disturbance and cognitive functioning in occupational impairment in BD. Twenty-four euthymic BD participants and 24 healthy control participants completed a week of prospective assessment of sleep disruption via self-report and actigraphy, a battery of neuropsychological tests of executive functioning, working memory, and verbal learning, and assessments of work functioning. BD participants experienced significantly poorer cognitive functioning as well as greater months of unemployment and greater incidence of being fired than controls. Moderation analyses revealed that both poor sleep and cognitive functioning were associated with poor work performance in BD participants, but not control participants. Sleep and cognitive functioning may be impaired in euthymic BD and are associated with poor work functioning in this population. More research should be conducted to better understand how sleep and cognitive functioning may interact in BD.
Instructional quality in science teacher education: comparing evaluations by chemistry pre-service teachers and their advisors
Creators: name: Heinitz, Benjamin
name: Nehring, Andreas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Evaluating and improving instructional quality is important in pre-service teacher education, given it is a crucial factor for students’ learning gains. This process is complex and involves multiple classroom events with various interpretations. Criteria for instructional quality are rarely applied systematically in teacher education, leading to divergent evaluations and hindering comparable development. Comparability has rarely been researched in science pre-service teacher education. Therefore, we compared evaluations from 17 chemistry-specific advisors and 17 science pre-service teachers with regard to their choice of criteria, their respective rating and grading of a videotaped chemistry lesson, in Germany. Their evaluations were compared using the Science Education Perspectives (SEP) framework for instructional quality. Although advisors can be considered evaluation experts, our findings show differences in the choice of criteria, ratings, and how the lesson was graded within and between both groups. Pre-service teachers focused more on aspects of classroom and time management, and gave higher average ratings, whereas their advisors focused more on cognitive activation. Overall, 16 different criteria were used by the majority of participants. These criteria show a strong science-specific focus. Our findings have implications for science pre-service teacher education, showing a need for a common approach in evaluations, with extended observation periods.
Interference Peak in the Spectrum of Bremsstrahlung on Two Amorphous Targets
Creators: name: Bondarenco, M. V.
name: Shul'ga, N. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the interference pattern in the spectrum of non-dipole bremsstrahlung on two amorphous foils. Apart from suppression at lowest $ω$, the spectrum exhibits an enhancement adjacent to it. In classical electrodynamics, the net effect of suppression and enhancement proves to be zero. We study the location and the origin of the spectral features, comparing predictions of full Molière averaging with those of the Gaussian averaging with Coulomb corrections to the rms multiple scattering angle. Comparison with experimental data, and with previous theoretical predictions is presented.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Chemical Evolution of Ytterbium in the Galactic Disk
Creators: name: Montelius, M.
name: Forsberg, R.
name: Ryde, N.
name: Jönsson, H.
name: Afşar, M.
name: Johanssen, A.
name: Kaplan, K. F.
name: Kim, H.
name: Mace, G.
name: Sneden, C.
name: Thorsbro, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the abundances of neutron-capture elements in Galactic disk stars is an important part of understanding key stellar and galactic processes. In the optical wavelength regime a number of different neutron-capture elements have been measured, however from the infrared H-band only the s-process dominated element cerium has been accurately measured for a large sample of disk stars. The more r-process dominated element ytterbium has only been measured in a small subset of stars so far. In this study we aim to measure the ytterbium (Yb) abundance of local disk giants using the Yb II line at $λ_\text{air}$=16498Å. We also compare the resulting abundance trend with Ce and Eu abundances for the same stars to analyse the s- and r-process contributions. We analyse 30 K-giants with high-resolution H-band spectra using spectral synthesis. The very same stars have already been analysed using high-resolution optical spectra using the same method, but the abundance of Yb was not possible to determine from those spectra due to blending issues for stars with [Fe/H]>-1. In this present analysis, we utilise the stellar parameters determined from the optical analysis. We determined the Yb abundances with an estimated uncertainty for [Yb/Fe] of 0.1 dex. From comparison, the trend of [Yb/Fe] follows closely the [Eu/Fe] trend and has clear s-process enrichment in identified s-rich stars. From the comparison, both the validity of the Yb abundances are ensured, and the theoretical prediction of a roughly 40/60 s-/r-process contribution to Yb's origin is supported. These results show that with a careful and detailed analysis of infrared spectra, reliable Yb abundances can be derived for a wider sample of cooler giants in the range -1.1<[Fe/H]<0.3. This is promising for further studies of the production of Yb and for the r-process channel, key for Galactochemical evolution, in the infrared.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 11 pages, 7 figures
Ferromagnetic and Nematic Non-Fermi Liquids in Spin-Orbit Coupled Two-Dimensional Fermi Gases
Creators: name: Ruhman, Jonathan
name: Berg, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fate of a two-dimensional system of interacting fermions with Rashba spin-orbit coupling in the dilute limit. The interactions are strongly renormalized at low densities, and give rise to various fermionic liquid crystalline phases, including a spin-density wave, an in-plane ferromagnet, and a non-magnetic nematic phase, even in the weak coupling limit. The nature of the ground state in the low-density limit depends on the range of the interactions: for short range interactions it is the ferromagnet, while for dipolar interactions the nematic phase is favored. Interestingly, the ferromagnetic and nematic phases exhibit strong deviations from Fermi liquid theory, due to the scattering of the Fermionic quasi-particles off long-wavelength collective modes. Thus, we argue that a system of interacting fermions with Rashba dispersion is generically a non-Fermi liquid at low densities.
Evaluating the relationship between cannabis use and IQ in youth and young adults at clinical high risk of psychosis
Creators: name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: Stone, William
name: Addington, Jean
name: Buchy, Lisa
name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: Walker, Elaine F.
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Seidman, Larry J.
name: Mathalon, Daniel H.
name: Bearden, Carrie E.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Among people with psychosis, those with a history of cannabis use show better cognitive performance than those who are cannabis naïve. It is unknown whether this pattern is present in youth at clinical high risk (CHR) of psychosis. We evaluated relationships between IQ and cannabis use while controlling for use of other substances known to impact cognition in 678 CHR and 263 healthy control (HC) participants. IQ was estimated using the Vocabulary and Block Design subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Drug and alcohol use severity and frequency were assessed with the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale, and we inquired participants’ age at first use. CHR were further separated into early and late age at onset of cannabis use sub-groups, and low-, moderate- and high-frequency sub-groups. No significant differences in IQ emerged between CHR or HC cannabis users vs. non-users, or between use frequency groups. CHR late-onset users showed significantly higher IQ than CHR early-onset users. Age at onset of cannabis use was significantly and positively correlated with IQ in CHR only. Results suggest that age at onset of cannabis may be a more important factor for IQ than use current use or use frequency in CHR.
New Insights into the Evolution of Massive Stars and Their Effects on Our Understanding of Early Galaxies
Creators: name: Eldridge, Jan J.
name: Stanway, Elizabeth R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observable characteristics and subsequent evolution of young stellar populations is dominated by their massive stars. As our understanding of those massive stars and the factors affecting their evolution improves, so our interpretation of distant, unresolved stellar systems can also advance. As observations increasingly probe the distant Universe, and the rare low metallicity starbursts nearby, so the opportunity arises for these two fields to complement one another, and lead to an improved conception of both stars and galaxies. Here we review the current state of the art in modelling of massive star dominated stellar populations, and discuss their applications and implications for interpreting the distant Universe. Our principle findings include: - Binary evolutionary pathways must be included to understand the stellar populations in early galaxies. - Observations constraining the extreme ultraviolet spectrum of early galaxies are showing that current models are incomplete. The best current guess is that some form of accretion onto compact remnants is required. - The evolution and fates of very massive stars, of the order of 100Msun and above, may be key to fully understand aspects of early galaxies.
description: Manuscript submitted to Annual Reviews of Astronomy and Astrophysics for future publication in Volume 60. This is the authors' own version. The final version will become available from https://www.annualreviews.org/journal/astro There are 43 pages, 5 figures and 2 tables