cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Leader as Catalyst: On Leadership and the Mechanics of Institutional Change
Creators: name: Majumdar, Sumon
name: Mukand, Sharun
name: Majumdar, Sumon
name: Mukand, Sharun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Individual leaders have been central to the transformation of organizations, political institutions and many instances of social and economic reform. In this paper we take a first step towards analyzing the role of leadership to ask: when and how does a leader engineer change? We show that while underlying structural conditions and institutions are important, there is an independent firstorder role for individual agency in bringing about change and thus transforming the institutions. We emphasize the key nature of the symbiotic relationship between followers decisions’ to willingly entrust their faith in the leader and the leader’s initiative at leading them. This two-way interaction can endogenously give rise to threshold effects; slight differences in the leader’s ability or the underlying structural conditions can dramatically improve the prospects for successful change. Given the centrality of this leader-follower relationship, we further explore conditions under which an individual may deliberately prefer to follow an ambitious leader with divergent interests rather than a benevolent one with congruent preferences. Thus by virtue of having followers, both ‘good’ and ‘bad’ leaders may be effective at bringing about change.
Converting America: Three community efforts to end the Cold War, 1956-1973
Creators: name: Smith, Allen
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 43
subject: History, heritage and archaeology
classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies

description: The Syracuse Peace Council (SPC), the New Jersey Committee for a SANE Nuclear Policy (NJSANE), and the St. Louis Committee for Nuclear Information (CNI) were three of the most important peace groups in Cold War America. Far more than just local groups, the SPC, NJSANE, and CNI also belonged to three distinct national political communities committed respectively, to religious witness, socialist principles, and scientific ideals. The study of those three communities through the lens of their strongest local affiliates reveals a broader, more radical, and more enduring peace movement. This more complex social movement belies accounts that have emphasized the importance of radioactive fallout in generating a renewed peace movement. Although all peace activists believed fallout was a serious health hazard, most concerned themselves with the issue of nuclear testing primarily to communicate their ideas about altering international relations and transforming American society, in effect, ending the Cold War at home and abroad. This campaign assailed the bipartisan consensus of the Republican and Democratic Parties and linked peace and social change in an optimistic fashion absent since the 1930s. This study also contests the view that male pacifists dominated the peace movement. Many peace activists came from the Communist Party. Their continued activism must be included in any account of the Old Left. In addition, the presence of a large number of female peace activists in an era that trumpeted domestic female roles indicates the need to continue rethinking women's roles during the Cold War. All three groups began before, and survived after, the 1960s, a fact that refutes efforts to isolate radicalism to a single decade. The enduring efforts of older peace activists to oppose the Cold War challenges the notion the 1960s student movement spawned the New Left. Social change started earlier within a far wider segment of American society. The continued activism of the SPC, NJSANE, and CNI into the 1970s also extends the legacy of this broader New Left. The peace movement, while never successfully creating a sustained mass constituency for an alternative to the Cold War, did alter American society in important ways.
The tidal trail of NGC205?
Creators: name: McConnachie, A.
name: Irwin, M.
name: Lewis, G.
name: Ibata, R.
name: Chapman, S.
name: Ferguson, A.
name: Tanvir, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using data taken as part of the Isaac Newton Telescope Wide Field Camera (INT WFC) survey of M31, we have identified an arc-like overdensity of blue, presumably metal-poor, red giant branch stars in the north-west quadrant of M31. This feature is approximately 1 degree (15 kpc) in extent and has a surface brightness of Sigma_V' ~ 28.5 +/- 0.5 mags per sq. arcsec. The arc appears to emanate from the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC205, and the colour of its red giant branch is significantly different to the M31 disk population but closely resembles that of NGC205. Further, using data taken with the DEep Imaging Multi-Object Spectrograph (DEIMOS) on Keck II, we identify the radial velocity signature of this arc. Its velocity dispersion is measured to be approximately 10km/s, similar to that of the central regions of NGC205 and typical of stellar streams. Based upon the spatial coincidence of these objects, the surface brightness, the velocity dispersions and the similarity in colour of the red giant branches, we postulate that the arc is part of a stellar stream, the progenitor of which is NGC205.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
A Survey of End-to-End Driving: Architectures and Training Methods
Creators: name: Tampuu, Ardi
name: Semikin, Maksym
name: Muhammad, Naveed
name: Fishman, Dmytro
name: Matiisen, Tambet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.9
subject: 68T40

description: Autonomous driving is of great interest to industry and academia alike. The use of machine learning approaches for autonomous driving has long been studied, but mostly in the context of perception. In this paper we take a deeper look on the so called end-to-end approaches for autonomous driving, where the entire driving pipeline is replaced with a single neural network. We review the learning methods, input and output modalities, network architectures and evaluation schemes in end-to-end driving literature. Interpretability and safety are discussed separately, as they remain challenging for this approach. Beyond providing a comprehensive overview of existing methods, we conclude the review with an architecture that combines the most promising elements of the end-to-end autonomous driving systems.
Accretion and Outflow in the Substellar Domain: Magellan Spectroscopy of LS-RCrA 1
Creators: name: Navascues, David Barrado y
name: Mohanty, Subhanjoy
name: Jayawardhana, Ray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present low-, medium-, and high-resolution optical spectra of LS-RCrA~1. We confirm both pre-main sequence status and membership, through the detection of lithium, presence of narrow potassium indicative of low gravity, and measurement of radial velocity. The Halpha emission profile is very broad, with a 10% full width of 316 km/s, implying the presence of ongoing accretion. Our spectra also exhibit many forbidden emission lines indicative of mass outflow. Using new 2MASS near-infrared photometry, no significant NIR excess is found. Our optical veiling measurements yield a mass accretion rate of 10^-10 / 10^{-9} M(sun)/yr. Through comparison with the latest synthetic spectra, we infer Teff~2700+-100K. Theoretical tracks imply an age of ~20 Myr (as derived from luminosity) or ~8 Myr (Teff vs. gravity) for LS-RCrA~1. Therefore, LS-RCrA~1 indeed appears sub-luminous relative to expectations for an R~CrA member. By comparing its position on the H-R diagram with that of other similarly accreting low-mass objects, we show that accretion-induced effects are unlikely to account for its faintness. We suggest instead that LS-RCrA~1 posesses a nearly edge-on disk and its photosphere is seen predominantly in scattered light, making it appear much fainter (and older) than it really is. Finally, the surface gravity and Teff estimates, combined with the latest evolutionary tracks, indicate a mass of ~0.07 or 0.035+-0.010 M(sun) (depending on the Teff scale).
description: Astrophysical Journal, accepted
Programmable time crystals from higher-order packing fields
Creators: name: Hurtado-Gutiérrez, R.
name: Pérez-Espigares, C.
name: Hurtado, P. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time crystals are many-body systems that spontaneously break time-translation symmetry, and thus exhibit long-range spatiotemporal order and robust periodic motion. Recent results have demonstrated how to build time-crystal phases in driven diffusive fluids using an external packing field coupled to density fluctuations. Here we exploit this mechanism to engineer and control on-demand custom continuous time crystals characterized by an arbitrary number of rotating condensates, which can be further enhanced with higher-order modes. We elucidate the underlying critical point, as well as general properties of the condensates density profiles and velocities, demonstrating a scaling property of higher-order traveling condensates in terms of first-order ones. We illustrate our findings by solving the hydrodynamic equations for various paradigmatic driven diffusive systems, obtaining along the way a number of remarkable results, e.g. the possibility of explosive time crystal phases characterized by an abrupt, first-order-type transition. Overall, these results demonstrate the versatility and broad possibilities of this promising route to time crystals.
Evidence for a quantum phase transition in the electron-doped cuprate Pr2-xCexCuO4+d from Hall and resistivity measurements
Creators: name: Dagan, Y.
name: Qazilbash, M. M.
name: Hill, C. P.
name: Kulkarni, V. N.
name: Greene, R. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The doping and temperature dependence of the Hall coefficient, RH, and ab-plane resistivity in the normal state down to 350mK is reported for oriented films of the electron-doped high-Tc superconductor Pr2-xCexCuO4+d. The doping dependence of b (r=r0+AT^b) and R_sub_H (at 350 mK) suggest a quantum phase transition at a critical doping near x=0.165.
description: 11 pages 4 figures Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 167001 (2004)
Altmetrics: Real-Time Measurement of Your Scholarly Impact
Creators: name: Smith, Patty Lauren
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: altmetrics
subject: alternative metrics
subject: impact
subject: Bibliometrics
subject: Bibliographical citations
subject: Scholarly publishing
subject: Research--Evaluation

description: presentation_location: Boston, Massachusetts, United States
Some Recent Topics on Possible Chiral Restoration in Nuclear Medium
Creators: name: Kunihiro, Teiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some topics are introduced on possible evidences of chiral restoration in nuclei and related ones. The topics include the $σ$-mesonic mode in nuclei, the vector mesons in a nuclear matter, deeply bound pionic and Kaonic nuclei with a discussion on the nature of $Λ(1405)$. Other related topics are briefly mentioned. An emphasis is put on that phenomena even in finite nuclei with normal and sub-normal nuclear density, as will be explored in the new project in GSI and possibly in J-PARC, are interesting for physics of finite-density QCD.
description: Invited talk presented at International workshop on Finite Density QCD at Nara, July 10 -12, 2003. 9 pages. To be published in the proceedings as an issue of Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. (2004)
MRI studies of the brain: Application of three-dimensional surface-rendering techniques to quantitative morphometry of the supratemporal cortex
Creators: name: Kulynych, Jennifer Jeryl
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 5203
subject: Clinical and health psychology

description: New techniques for MRI surface-rendering morphometry were developed to yield more reliable and valid measurements of supratemporal cortical structures. Asymmetry of the planum temporale (PT), a supratemporal region of language-related association cortex, was then investigated in 10 schizophrenics and 10 age-matched controls, and in a larger sample of 12 normal females and 12 age-matched normal males. All subjects were strongly right-handed (Edinburgh Inventory $>$ +.70). Surface area was also assessed for Heschl's gyrus (HG), a supratemporal region of primary auditory cortex. While numerous postmortem studies have documented pronounced asymmetry of the PT, no similar lateralization has been described for HG. Results indicate an interaction between gender and hemisphere for area of the PT, with males having a significantly larger left versus right PT. Left-right differences in PT area were not significant among females. No main effect of gender was found for total (left + right) PT area. No main effects of gender or hemisphere and no interactions were detected for the area of HG. No effect of diagnosis was found for PT or HG, as male schizophrenics showed a normal supratemporal configuration, with a significant left $>$ right asymmetry for PT and no significant lateralization of HG. This result does not confirm reports of reduced PT laterality in schizophrenia. The finding of sexual dimorphism in PT area, however, is consistent with neuropsychological evidence for gender differences in the lateralization of language functions attributable to the supratemporal cortex.
Fragmentation functions in SUSY QCD and UHECR spectra produced in top-down models
Creators: name: Aloisio, R.
name: Berezinsky, V.
name: Kachelriess, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from two different methods for the calculation of hadron spectra in QCD and SUSY QCD with large primary energies $\sqrt{s}$ up to $10^{16}$ GeV. The two methods considered are a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and the evolution of fragmentation functions described by the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) equations. We find that the pion, nucleon and all-hadron spectra calculated with the two methods agree well. The MC simulation is performed with new hadronization functions (in comparison with our previous work), motivated by low-energy ($\sqrt s < M_Z$) data and DGLAP. The hadron spectra calculated with both sets of hadronization functions agree well, which indicates that our method for calculating the hadronization function works successfully. The small difference in the calculated hadron spectra characterizes the uncertainties of this method. We calculate also the spectra of photons, neutrinos and nucleons and compare them with other published results. The agreement is good for all $x$ from $\sim 10^{-5}$ up to $x\leq 0.3$. The consistency of the spectra calculated by different methods allows to consider the spectral shape as a signature of models with decays or annihilations of superheavy particles, such as topological defects or superheavy DM. The UHECR spectra from these sources are calculated.
description: LATEX, 20 pages, 21 figures, revised version, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Pooling Forecasts in Linear Rational Expectations Models
Creators: name: Smith, Gregor W.
name: Smith, Gregor W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: rational expectations
subject: recursive projection
subject: Phillips curve

description: Estimating linear rational expectations models requires replacing the expectations of future, endogenous variables either with forecasts from a fully solved model, or with the instrumented actual values, or with forecast survey data. Extending the methods of Mc- Callum (1976) and Gottfries and Persson (1988), I show how to pool these methods and also use actual, future values of these variables to improve statistical efficiency. The method is illustrated with an application using SPF survey data in the US Phillips curve, where the output gap plays a significant role but lagged inflation plays none.
Exclusive measurement of coherent eta photoproduction from the deuteron
Creators: name: Weiss, J.
name: Achenbach, P.
name: Ahrens, J.
name: Annand, J. R. M.
name: Beck, R.
name: Hejny, V.
name: Kellie, J. D.
name: Kleber, V.
name: Kotulla, M.
name: Krusche, B.
name: Kuhr, V.
name: Leukel, R.
name: Metag, V.
name: de Leon, V. M. Olmos
name: Rambo, F.
name: Schmidt, A.
name: Siodlaczek, U.
name: Stroeher, H.
name: Wissmann, F.
name: Wolf, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent photoproduction of eta mesons from the deuteron has been measured from threshold up to incident photon energies of 750 MeV using the photon spectrometer TAPS at the tagged photon facility at the Mainz microtron MAMI. For the first time, differential coherent cross sections have been deduced from the coincident detection of the eta meson and the recoil deuteron. A missing energy analysis was used for the suppression of background events so that a very clean identification of coherent eta-photoproduction was achieved. The resulting cross sections agree with previous experimental results except for angles around 90 deg in the photon-deuteron cm-system where they are smaller. They are compared to various model calculations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 6 of Rule-based meta-analysis reveals the major role of PB2 in influencing influenza A virus virulence in mice
Creators: name: Ivan, Fransiskus Xaverius
name: Kwoh, Chee Keong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 6: Table S2. Reduction of multiple records for infection involving specific IAV and mouse strains into a single record (with supplementary references).
Grand canonical ensemble in generalized thermostatistics
Creators: name: Naudts, Jan
name: Van der Straeten, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the grand-canonical ensemble with a fluctuating number of degrees of freedom in the context of generalized thermostatistics. Several choices of grand-canonical entropy functional are considered. The ideal gas is taken as an example.
description: 14 pages, no figures
MRI studies of the brain: Application of three-dimensional surface-rendering techniques to quantitative morphometry of the supratemporal cortex
Creators: name: Kulynych, Jennifer Jeryl
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: New techniques for MRI surface-rendering morphometry were developed to yield more reliable and valid measurements of supratemporal cortical structures. Asymmetry of the planum temporale (PT), a supratemporal region of language-related association cortex, was then investigated in 10 schizophrenics and 10 age-matched controls, and in a larger sample of 12 normal females and 12 age-matched normal males. All subjects were strongly right-handed (Edinburgh Inventory $>$ +.70). Surface area was also assessed for Heschl's gyrus (HG), a supratemporal region of primary auditory cortex. While numerous postmortem studies have documented pronounced asymmetry of the PT, no similar lateralization has been described for HG. Results indicate an interaction between gender and hemisphere for area of the PT, with males having a significantly larger left versus right PT. Left-right differences in PT area were not significant among females. No main effect of gender was found for total (left + right) PT area. No main effects of gender or hemisphere and no interactions were detected for the area of HG. No effect of diagnosis was found for PT or HG, as male schizophrenics showed a normal supratemporal configuration, with a significant left $>$ right asymmetry for PT and no significant lateralization of HG. This result does not confirm reports of reduced PT laterality in schizophrenia. The finding of sexual dimorphism in PT area, however, is consistent with neuropsychological evidence for gender differences in the lateralization of language functions attributable to the supratemporal cortex.
Female labor Force Participation in an Era of Organizational and Technological Change
Creators: name: Adshade, Marina
name: Adshade, Marina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: female labor force participation
subject: technological change
subject: organizational change
subject: clerical work

description: This paper examines the endogenous interaction between the rise in female labor force par- ticipation and changes in both the method and mode of production that occurred during the early part of the 20th century. Within a dynamic general equilibrium framework, an exoge- nous expansion in the skill level of the population induces an organizational change at the Þrm level and a redirection of investment towards new technologies that complement the skills of the emerging workforce. In addition to allowing for a change in the method of production in a market with directed technical change, a framework is developed to explicitly examine the transitional dynamics as skilled workers become relatively abundant. The rise in the skill level explains the rise in female labor force participation, the increase in womens wages and the decline of the clerical wage relative to manufacturing.
Additional file 5 of Rule-based meta-analysis reveals the major role of PB2 in influencing influenza A virus virulence in mice
Creators: name: Ivan, Fransiskus Xaverius
name: Kwoh, Chee Keong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 5: Table S1. Initial dataset for IAV infections in mice with virulence information (with supplementary references).
Credit Risk Transfer: To Sell or to Insure
Creators: name: Thompson, James R.
name: Thompson, James R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Financial Economics
subject: credit risk transfer
subject: banking
subject: loan insurance

description: This paper analyzes credit risk transfer in banking. Specifically, we model loan sales and loan insurance (e.g. credit default swaps) as the two instruments of risk transfer. Recent empirical evidence suggests that the adverse selection problem is as relevant in loan insurance as it is in loan sales. Contrary to previous literature, this paper allows for informational asymmetries in both markets. We show how credit risk transfer can achieve optimal investment and minimize the social costs associated with excess risk taking by a bank. Furthermore, we find that no separation of loan types can occur in equilibrium. Our results show that a well capitalized bank will tend to use loan insurance regardless of loan quality in the presence of moral hazard and relationship banking costs of loan sales. Finally, we show that a poorly capitalized bank may be forced into the loan sales market, even in the presence of possibly significant relationship and moral hazard costs that can depress the selling price.
Reconstructing the Fraction of Baryons in the Intergalactic Medium with Fast Radio Bursts via Gaussian Processes
Creators: name: Qiang, Da-Chun
name: Wei, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are a promising new probe for astronomy and cosmology. Thanks to their extragalactic and cosmological origin, FRBs could be used to study the intergalactic medium (IGM) and the cosmic expansion. It is expected that numerous FRBs with identified redshifts will be available in the near future through the identification of their host galaxies or counterparts. $\rm DM_{IGM}$, the contribution from IGM to the observed dispersion measure (DM) of FRB, carries the key information about IGM and the cosmic expansion history. We can thus study the evolution of the universe by using FRBs with identified redshifts. In the present work, we are interested in the fraction of baryon mass in the IGM, $f_{\rm IGM}$, which is useful to study the cosmic expansion and the problem of the "missing baryons". We propose to reconstruct the evolution of $f_{\rm IGM}$ as a function of redshift $z$ with FRBs via a completely model-independent method, namely Gaussian processes. Since there is not a large sample of FRBs with identified redshifts, we use simulated FRBs instead. Through various simulations, we show that this methodology works well.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, revtex4; v2: discussions added, JCAP in press; v3: published version
A Quantile Based Test of Protection for Sale Model
Creators: name: Imai, Susumu
name: Katayama, Hajime
name: Krishna, Kala
name: Imai, Susumu
name: Katayama, Hajime
name: Krishna, Kala
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper proposes a new test of the Protection for Sale (PFS) model by Grossman and Helpman (1994). Unlike existing methods in the literature, our approach does not require any data on political organizations. We formally show that the PFS model provides the following prediction: in the quanitle regression of the protection measure on the inverse import penetration ratio divided by the import demand elasticity, its coefficient should be positive at the quantile close to one. We examine this prediction using the data from Gawande and Bandyopadhyay (2000). The results do not provide any evidence favoring the PFS model.
Recursive feasibility of continuous-time model predictive control without stabilising constraints
Creators: name: Esterhuizen, Willem
name: Worthmann, Karl
name: Streif, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 93C15 (primary), 93C10, 34H05, 49N10 (secondary)

description: We consider sampled-data Model Predictive Control (MPC) of nonlinear continuous-time control systems. We derive sufficient conditions to guarantee recursive feasibility and asymptotic stability without stabilising costs and/or constraints. Moreover, we present formulas to explicitly estimate the required length of the prediction horizon based on the concept of (local) cost controllability. For the linear-quadratic case, cost controllability can be inferred from standard assumptions. In addition, we extend results on the relationship between the horizon length and the distance of the initial state to the boundary of the viability kernel from the discrete-time to the continuous-time setting.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure. As published in IEEE Control Systems Letters
On the Origin of Nuclear Star Clusters in Late Type Spiral Galaxies
Creators: name: Milosavljevic, Milos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large fraction of bulgeless disk galaxies contain young compact stellar systems at their centers, in spite of the local gravitational stability of these disks. We evaluate two contrasting hypotheses for the origin of the nuclear star clusters in late-type disk galaxies. The clusters could not have migrated from distant eccentric locations in the disk. Instead they must have formed in situ, requiring radial transport of gas toward the center of the disk. This transport could be a consequence of the development of the magnetorotational instability in the differentially rotating warm neutral medium. We evaluate the rate of gas transport into the disk center and find that it is sufficient to support continuous star formation in that location. Enhanced stellar surface brightness in the inner few hundred parsecs and the formation of a compact stellar system in the central few parsecs are unavoidable in dark matter halos with divergent density profiles. We illustrate our conclusions on a model of the nearest late-type disk galaxy M33.
description: 4 pages, ApJ Letters, in press
Population policy formation and the impact of the only-child population policy on the family in the People's Republic of China
Creators: name: Zhao, Shu
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study explores two questions regarding Chinese population and population policy: (1) What factors contributed to both the population explosion and the adoption of various population policies, especially the current only-child policy, in China? (2) What is the impact of the only-child population policy on Chinese families?; Focusing on the macro level policy formation process, the first part of this study discusses the political, economic, and cultural effects on China's population growth and on the formation of population policies since 1949. The second part of this study examines the consequences of the only-child policy on Chinese families by analyzing a questionnaire survey data set (N = 1130). This part of the study concerns the following: family structure and family type, child-centered family relationship, parental and inter-generational relations, child behavior and personality traits, old-age security, and popular responses to the only-child policy. Only-child families are compared with multiple-children families on these issues. Major findings are (1) a couples decision regarding number of children has been influenced by the population control policy in place at the time. A couple's socio-economic and socio-political background have limited effect on the decision. (2) Among the only-child families, family relations are shifting from the traditional adult-centered to a child-centered relationship. (3) Because of the reduced number of children, the only-child families experience a closer relationship among three generations. (4) There appears to be no significant difference between the two family types with regard to child behavior and personality traits. However, only-child parents display a pattern of child overindulgence. (5) The popular response to the only-child policy is mixed, which may have contributed to the success of the policy implementation, and (6) the only-child policy has created a strong sense of old age insecurity among the only-child parents.
Optical study of the metal-insulator transition in CuIr$_2$S$_4$ crystals
Creators: name: Wang, N. L.
name: Cao, G. H.
name: Zheng, P.
name: Li, G.
name: Fang, Z.
name: Xiang, T.
name: Kitazawa, H.
name: Matsumoto, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the optical spectra on single crystals of spinel-type compound \cis. This material undergoes a sharp metal-insulator transition at 230 K. Upon entering the insulating state, the optical conductivity shows an abrupt spectral weight transfer and an optical excitation gap opens. In the metallic phase, Drude components in low frequencies and an interband transition peak at $\sim 2 eV$ are observed. In the insulating phase, a new peak emerges around $0.5 eV$. This peak is attributed to the transition of electrons from the occupied Ir$^{3+}$ $t_{2g}$ state to upper Ir$^{4+}$ $t_{2g}$ subband resulting from the dimerization of Ir$^{4+}$ ions in association with the simultaneous formations of Ir$^{3+}$ and Ir$^{4+}$ octamers as recently revealed by the x-ray diffraction experiment. Our experiments indicate that the band structure is reconstructed in the insulating phase due to the sudden structural transition.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Stochastic evolutions in superspace and superconformal field theory
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Jorgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Some stochastic evolutions of conformal maps can be described by SLE and may be linked to conformal field theory via stochastic differential equations and singular vectors in highest-weight modules of the Virasoro algebra. Here we discuss how this may be extended to superconformal maps of N=1 superspace with links to superconformal field theory and singular vectors of the N=1 superconformal algebra in the Neveu-Schwarz sector.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX
Population policy formation and the impact of the only-child population policy on the family in the People's Republic of China
Creators: name: Zhao, Shu
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: This study explores two questions regarding Chinese population and population policy: (1) What factors contributed to both the population explosion and the adoption of various population policies, especially the current only-child policy, in China? (2) What is the impact of the only-child population policy on Chinese families?; Focusing on the macro level policy formation process, the first part of this study discusses the political, economic, and cultural effects on China's population growth and on the formation of population policies since 1949. The second part of this study examines the consequences of the only-child policy on Chinese families by analyzing a questionnaire survey data set (N = 1130). This part of the study concerns the following: family structure and family type, child-centered family relationship, parental and inter-generational relations, child behavior and personality traits, old-age security, and popular responses to the only-child policy. Only-child families are compared with multiple-children families on these issues. Major findings are (1) a couples decision regarding number of children has been influenced by the population control policy in place at the time. A couple's socio-economic and socio-political background have limited effect on the decision. (2) Among the only-child families, family relations are shifting from the traditional adult-centered to a child-centered relationship. (3) Because of the reduced number of children, the only-child families experience a closer relationship among three generations. (4) There appears to be no significant difference between the two family types with regard to child behavior and personality traits. However, only-child parents display a pattern of child overindulgence. (5) The popular response to the only-child policy is mixed, which may have contributed to the success of the policy implementation, and (6) the only-child policy has created a strong sense of old age insecurity among the only-child parents.
The Economic Opportunity Cost of Capital for Canada - An Empirical Update
Creators: name: Jenkins, Glenn
name: Kuo, Chun-Yan
name: Jenkins, Glenn
name: Kuo, Chun-Yan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: discount rate
subject: opportunity cost
subject: project evaluation

description: The social or economic discount rate is the threshold rate used to calculate the net present value of an investment project, a program or a regulatory intervention to see whether the proposed expenditures are economically worthwhile to undertake. The size of the economic rate of discount has been a policy issue in Canada for many years. The debate has been primarily concerned with the empirical measurement of the economic opportunity cost of funds. The purpose of this paper is to reexamine and update the empirical estimation of what is the appropriate economic discount rate for Canada. The results suggest that estimates of the economic discount rate can range from 7.78 percent to 8.39 percent real. As a consequence, we conclude that for Canada an 8 percent real rate is an appropriate discount rate to use when calculating the economic net present value of the flows of economic benefits and costs over time.
“A chiare lettere - Confronti” • Tra Aristidi e Polifemi. L’arduo appuntamento delle chiese con la propria riforma (in particolare, del cattolicesimo romano)
Creators: name: Zanchini Di Castiglionchio, Francesco
Publisher: name: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale
Year: 2021

description: Col titolo della presente riflessione assume timbri di sconforto il sentimento di transitorietà e di incompiutezza che al travaglio meditativo dell’Autore ha sempre opposto l’amara constatazione di precarietà che qualsiasi tentativo di riforma della sua Chiesa di appartenenza propone a fronte della superficialità, o dell’inadeguatezza, e/o perfino della disarmante inettitudine degli uomini che vengono, di volta in volta, chiamati a porre in atto un progetto cristiano, perfino serio come quello (recente ormai fino a un certo punto), collocato al centro del “secolo breve”. (segue)
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2021: 15 marzo
Feinberg School Celebrates 150 Years: Founding and Early Days
Creators: name: Sims, Ronald H
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Northwestern University Medical School
subject: Schools, Medical
subject: History of Medicine
subject: History, 19th Century
subject: Lind University. Medical Department
subject: Chicago Medical College
subject: Chicago (Ill.)
subject: Schools, Medical/history

description: This article is part of an occasional series prepared by Galter librarians on the history of and highlights about various Northwestern University health education programs and their alumni. Other articles are about Northwestern University's woman's medical, dental, nursing, and pharmacy schools. (This was the first installment in a multi-part series on the history of Northwestern University's medical school and was featured in Library Notes #50, March 2009).
In-medium properties of the D13(1520) nucleon resonance
Creators: name: Krusche, B.
name: Ahrens, J.
name: Beck, R.
name: MacGregor, I. J. D.
name: McGeorge, J. C.
name: Metag, V.
name: Stroeher, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The in-medium properties of the D13(1520) nucleon resonance were studied via photoproduction of pi0-mesons from nuclei (C, Ca, Nb, Pb) with the TAPS-detector at the Mainz MAMI accelerator. The inclusive (single and multiple pion production) data disagree with model predictions which explain the disappearance of the second resonance bump in total photoabsorption via a medium modification of the D13 --> N rho decay. The exclusive single pi0 production data show no broadening of the resonance structure beyond Fermi smearing. Although due to final state interaction effects pion production tests the nucleus at densities less than the average nuclear density, both results together cast doubt on attempts to explain the vanishing of the second resonance bump for heavy nuclei by a broadening of the D13-resonance in nuclear matter.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Retos que presenta la conversión de la justicia en la Iglesia a la luz del m.p. Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Ocaña, Rafael
Publisher: name: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale
Year: 2021

description: SUMARIO: 1. La implementación del m.p. Mitis Iudex - 2. La salus animarum y la reforma de los procesos de nulidad matrimonial - 2.1. La salus animarum, principio inspirador - 2.2. ¿Cómo contribuye a la salus animarum el proceso judicial? - 3. La centralidad del Obispo diocesano. Challenges presented by the conversion of justice in the Church in the light of m.p. Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus ABSTRACT: In these pages I will try to show that the motive leading to the reform of the m.p. Mitis Iudex and the recovered centrality of the Bishop judge are questions that should not be limited exclusively to the processes of marriage nullity, since they are so important that they go beyond these procedural limits; on the contrary, they should project their influence not only on the norms that regulate the ordinary processes but also on the very organization of justice in the Church. The conversion of justice that the Roman Pontiff has initiated with the m.p. Mitis Iudex, therefore, involves the rest of the causes and canonical procedural law itself.
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2021: 15 marzo
Polski handel zagraniczny produktami kwiaciarskimi
Polish Foreign Trade in Floricultural Product
Creators: name: Olewnicki, Dawid
name: Jabłońska, Lilianna
name: Olewnicki, Dawid
name: Jabłońska, Lilianna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: import
subject: export
subject: flowers
subject: pot plants
subject: nursery plants
subject: kwiaty
subject: rośliny doniczkowe
subject: rośliny szkółkarskie

description: The aim of the study was Polish export and import in ornamental plants, which are the motor of floriculture development. The direction and dynamics of changes in 2005-2015, trade balance and the structure of assortment in terms of value and quantity were studied. Studies show a steady increase in turnover, slightly faster in exports, but with a higher absolute level of imports and a negative turnover balance, deteriorating in value terms, as well as higher import prices. Poland is a growing net importer mainly of cut flowers, pot plants and flower bulbs. However, Poland also has become, as a result of decreasing prices, a net importer of nursery plants, which is the basis of Polish exports. Polish nurserymen should switch to an assortment of plants with a higher value and improve their quality in order to raise selling prices. / Synopsis. Celem badań był polski eksport i import roślin ozdobnych, mające istotny wpływ na rozwój sektora kwiaciarskiego. Analizowano kierunek i dynamikę zmian w latach 2005-2015, saldo obrotów i strukturę asortymentową w ujęciu wartościowym i ilościowym. Badania wykazały stały wzrost obrotów, nieznacznie szybszy eksportu niż importu, ale przy wyższym absolutnym poziomie importu i ujemnym saldzie obrotów, pogarszającym się w ujęciu wartościowym, jak również wyższych cenach importowych. Polska jest rosnącym importerem netto kwiatów ciętych żywych, roślin doniczkowych i cebul kwiatowych, a staje się także, w wyniku spadku cen, importerem netto roślin szkółkarskich, będących podstawą polskiego eksportu. Polscy szkółkarze powinni przestawiać się na asortyment roślin o wyższej wartości i poprawiać ich jakość w celu podniesienia cen zbytu.
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2018.18.1.16
“Noi vi havemo consumato in questa pratica la vita et l’intelletto nostro”: un parere inedito di Pio V (1556)
Creators: name: Donati, Giacomo Alberto
Publisher: name: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale
Year: 2021

description: SOMMARIO: 1. “La vita et l’intelletto nostro”: un inedito vaticano - 2. “In questa pratica”: il fascicolo manoscritto - 2.1. Il Barberiniano Latino 1369: struttura e datazione dei sette responsi - 2.2. La questione avanti il Sant’Uffizio: i confini dell’autorità inquisitoriale - 2.2.1. I cinque pareri pro - 2.2.2. I due pareri contra - 3. “Noi vi havemo consumato”: la quaestio del Ghislieri - 3.1. Propositio - 3.2. Oppositio - 3.3. Solutio - 4. Conclusioni - Appendice. “Noi vi havemo consumato in questa pratica la vita et l’intelletto nostro”: an unpublished opinion by Pius V (1556) ABSTRACT: Long before being enthroned as Pope with the name of Pius V (1566), Michele Ghislieri worked tirelessy and enthusiastically for the Roman Inquisition under Paul IV and his successors, building and cementing his position within the Roman Curia. In his capacity as commissary of the Holy Office (1556), Ghislieri was requested to express an opinion regarding the relationship of inquisitorial and episcopal jurisdictions in receiving abjurations. This opinion, delivered in the form of a quaestio of the medieval scolastic tradition and published here for the first time, casts new light not only on the intellectual biography of this famous Pope but also, given the fact that he was not the only consultor whose opinion was requested, on the daily work of the Roman tribunal and, in more general terms, on the capital importance of law within the spectrum of Western cultural system in Early Modern age.
description: Stato, Chiese e pluralismo confessionale, 2021: 15 marzo
Effective Affinity for Generic Currents in Markov Processes
Creators: name: Raghu, Adarsh
name: Neri, Izaak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In nonequilibrium systems with uncoupled currents, the thermodynamic affinity determines the direction of currents, quantifies dissipation, and constrains current fluctuations. However, these properties of the thermodynamic affinity do not hold in complex systems with multiple coupled currents. For this reason, there has been an ongoing search in nonequilibrium thermodynamics for an affinity-like quantity, known as the effective affinity, which applies to a single current in a system with multiple coupled currents. Here, we introduce an effective affinity that applies to generic currents in time-homogeneous Markov processes. We show that the effective affinity is a single number encapsulating several dissipative and fluctuation properties of fluctuating currents: the effective affinity determines the direction of flow of the current; the effective affinity multiplied by the current is a lower bound for the rate of dissipation; for systems with uncoupled currents the effective affinity equals the standard thermodynamic affinity; and the effective affinity constrains negative fluctuations of currents, namely, it is the exponential decay constant of the distribution of current infima. We derive the above properties with large deviation theory and martingale theory, and one particular interesting finding is a class of martingales associated with generic currents. Furthermore, we make a study of the relation between effective affinities and stalling forces in a biomechanical model of motor proteins, and we find that both quantities are approximately equal when this particular model is thermodynamically consistent. This brings interesting perspectives on the use of stalling forces for the estimation of dissipation.
description: 46 Pages, 6 figures. Typo in Eqs. (10) and (12) corrected