cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phaneroptera myllocerca Ragge 1956
Creators: name: Nagar, Rajendra
name: Swaminathan, R.
name: Mal, Jhabar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Phaneropteridae
Phaneroptera
Phaneroptera myllocerca

description: Phaneroptera myllocerca Ragge, 1956
(Fig. 6–7; Plate XII)
http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:8242
Material examined. (02 Specimens, 1♀& 1♂) India (Meghalaya): Ri- bhoi; Umiam; 4.vi.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (North East Hills); 7.vi.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (East Kashi Hills).
Male: Fastigium verticis narrow, acute furrowed above; step-like declined to fastigium frontis. Stridulatory vein on underside of left tegmina with about 32 large teeth, widely spaced and many closely spaced teeth in the posterior margins. Hind wing 8.75 mm longer than tegmina. Ninth abdominal tergite projecting, apex rounded. Supra-anal plate longer than broad and obtusely, slightly excised in middle, apex broadly rounded; Sub-genital plate acute triangular, apex angular, excised and with two short triangular lobes. Cerci strongly curved, widest at base, slightly narrowing in middle; dorsal in almost 90 0 angle, with many small spines in inner margins and upwardly curved and with teeth at apex.
Female: Ovipositor curved over the whole length (sickle-shaped); dorsal margin almost straight with rounded teeth; ventral margins near apex with fine rounded teeth. Sub-genital plate apex slightly excised in middle, carinate. Epiproct tongue shaped; with groove in middle. Cerci slightly curved on dorsal margins narrowing apically, apex obtuse.
description: Published as part of Nagar, Rajendra, Swaminathan, R. & Mal, Jhabar, 2015, Some common and less known Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae) with the description of a new species from India, pp. 301-340 in Zootaxa 4027 (3) on page 313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253502
Ducetia Stal 1874
Creators: name: Nagar, Rajendra
name: Swaminathan, R.
name: Mal, Jhabar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Phaneropteridae
Ducetia

description: Ducetia Stål, 1874
Description. Radius of forewing almost always with veins pectinately-arranged, posterior branches (except in brachypterous species) usually three or more in number and more or less parallel to each other; pronotum without lateral carinae, tibia with oval tympanum, open on both sides; knee lobes of all legs bi-spinose; anterior coxa with a small spine or absent; vertex with anterior margin forming a small spinule at angle beside compound eyes; fastigium of vertex compressed, sulcate above, dorsally furrowed, apex sub-acute, separated from fastigium frontis by a rectangular step. Pronotal disc rounded into paranota, only apical area flat and shouldered; transverse sulcus distinct on disc and paranota, obsolete on lateral angle; V-shaped sulcus, situated in four-sixth of pronotum length; anterior margin sinuate, posterior margin broadly rounded, but slightly concave in middle; paranota about as high as long, anterior angle almost rectangular, posterior angle broadly round, humeral sinus absent, but posterior margin roundly curved to apical area of pronotum; meso- and meta-sternal lobes rounded.
Linear measurements (mm) Ducetia serratus sp. nov. Ducetia japonica
description: Published as part of Nagar, Rajendra, Swaminathan, R. & Mal, Jhabar, 2015, Some common and less known Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae) with the description of a new species from India, pp. 301-340 in Zootaxa 4027 (3) on page 313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253502
Trigonocorypha Stal 1873
Creators: name: Nagar, Rajendra
name: Swaminathan, R.
name: Mal, Jhabar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Phaneropteridae
Trigonocorypha

description: Trigonocorypha Stål, 1873
Description. Pronotum with flat disc, conspicuous straight, serrate lateral carina with deep humeral notch. Tegmina wider or strongly narrowed at apex; wings longer than tegmina, often conspicuous, fore coxae spinose, hind femora with spines at lower sides. Fore and mid-tibiae with indistinct longitudinal upper groove or flat; midtibiae with spinules on posterior margin; openings of tympana on fore tibiae oval, exposed and membranous. Fastigium very low, wide, triangular, wider basally than antennal pedicel, pointed anteriorly and almost in contact with frontal apex at a single point; on upper side grooved or with lateral fringe. Eyes wide, oval, moderately convex. Pronotum with flat, slightly concave disc; lateral carinae straight, conspicuous, divergent posteriorly, with fine obtuse serration; posterior margin of pronotum rounded, without elevated fringe. Lateral lobes of pronotum quite vertical, flat, forming distinct angle with the disc, slightly higher than long, with slightly rounded posterior margin; humeral notch sharp but of moderate depth. Tegmina compact, coriaceous, narrowed apically. Wings longer than tegmina. Meso and metasternal lobes elongate, divided by acute notch, pointed apically. Fore coxae with small spinule; all femora almost flat on lower side. Genicular lobes of all legs bi-spinose; posterior tibia with 4 apical spines. Ovipositor short, strongly flattened, bent upward, with fine serration on the entire upper margin and the apical part of lower margin; apex of ovipositor roundly obtuse. Cerci of male reaching apex of sub-genital plate slightly curved and conical.
Linear measurements (mm) T. unicolour T. angustata
description: Published as part of Nagar, Rajendra, Swaminathan, R. & Mal, Jhabar, 2015, Some common and less known Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae) with the description of a new species from India, pp. 301-340 in Zootaxa 4027 (3) on pages 318-320, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253502
Trigonocorypha angustata Uvarov 1922
Creators: name: Nagar, Rajendra
name: Swaminathan, R.
name: Mal, Jhabar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Phaneropteridae
Trigonocorypha
Trigonocorypha angustata

description: Trigonocorypha angustata Uvarov 1922
(Fig. 10; Plate XVII)
http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:7833 Material examined. (1♂ Specimen) India (Rajasthan): 6.vii.2013, Coll. Rajendra Nagar (RCA, Udaipur).
Male: Body green or yellowish green in color.Fastigium of vertex, triangular with middle sulcus short Y shaped and deep. Anterior margin of pronotum slightly sinuate. Cerci of male reaching apex of sub-genital plate, slightly curved, conical basally, in apical part narrowed, bent slightly inward, apex abruptly pointed, width very small pointed spinule. Femura with the following number of spines on venteral margins profemur only interal 2–3 dorsal rounded, mesofemur external 3–5, postfemur internal 6–8 and external 9–11. Protibia dorso external 2–4 internal no spine, venteral external 5–7 internal 6–7; mesotibia dorsal external 1–2 internal 7–9 venteral external 7– 9 internal 6–7; posterior tibia dorso external 20–25 internal 22–25 venternal external 15–16 internal 14–15. Epiproct triangular apex rounded flattened cerci slightly curved, conical basally in apical part narrowed bent slightly inward apex abruptly pointed. Subgenital plate of male small, posteriorly narrowed, part of subgenital plate with fairly deep notch occupying; however, less than ¼ of length of plate,base of notch round, lober apices obtuse with very small, inconspicuous round or slightly elongate style.
Female: Not in our collection.
description: Published as part of Nagar, Rajendra, Swaminathan, R. & Mal, Jhabar, 2015, Some common and less known Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Phaneropterinae) with the description of a new species from India, pp. 301-340 in Zootaxa 4027 (3) on pages 322-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4027.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253502
ЎҚУВ АДАБИЁТЛАРИ СИФАТИНИ ОШИРИШДА КАСБИЙ ФАОЛИЯНИ ТАЪЛИМ ФАОЛИЯТГА БОҒЛАШ
Creators: name: Каримов, Бахромали
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ушбу мақолада компетенцияга йўналтирилган замонавий ўқув адабиётларини яратишда мутаҳасснинг касбий фаолиятини талабанинг таълим жараёнидаги фаолиятига боғлаш долзарб масала эканлиги баён этилган.

Шунингдек ўқув адабиётларининг таълим жараёнидаги самарадорлигини оширишда фанни ўзлаштиришдан кўзланган мақсад ва унга эришиш йўлларини тўғри белгилаш муҳим аҳамият касб этиши таъкидланган.
Zeugophiuroidea Matsumoto 1913
Creators: name: Thuy, Ben
name: Eriksson, Mats E.
name: Kutscher, Manfred
name: Numberger-Thuy, Lea D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea

description: Subclass Zeugophiuroidea Matsumoto, 1913 stat. nov. (raised to subclass level)
Diagnosis
Ophiuroids with ambulacrals joined in pairs, whether fused or not.
description: Published as part of Thuy, Ben, Eriksson, Mats E., Kutscher, Manfred & Numberger-Thuy, Lea D., 2024, The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, pp. 216-247 in European Journal of Taxonomy 947 (1) on page 223, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631, http://zenodo.org/record/13365641
Ankhurida Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy 2024
Creators: name: Thuy, Ben
name: Eriksson, Mats E.
name: Kutscher, Manfred
name: Numberger-Thuy, Lea D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ankhurida

description: Clade Ankhurida clade nov.
Diagnosis
Zeugophiuroid ophiuroids with ambulacral halves firmly merged and with lateral arm plates showing a tentacle notch.
Etymology
From ‘ankh’, the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphic symbol for ‘life’, because the node in question represents the deepest known in the clade including the living ophiuroids.
Taxa included
Ophiolofsson gen. nov., Ophiopetagno Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy, 2022 and all members of the clade Ophiovalida clade nov. (see below).
Remarks
We propose the new clade name Ankhurida clade nov. to designate a basalmost node in the evolutionary history of living ophiuroids. This node marks the earliest divergence within the clade encompassing all extant ophiuroids, and it is the sister group to an extinct clade consisting of the families Furcasteridae Stürtz, 1899, Eospondylidae Spencer & Wright, 1966, and Onychasteridae Miller, 1889. For the latter three families, in spite of the limited number of taxa represented in our phylogeny (Thuy et al. 2022), it is noteworthy that our tree topology favors a close relationship between the three, as previously suggested (Hotchkiss & Glass 2012).
description: Published as part of Thuy, Ben, Eriksson, Mats E., Kutscher, Manfred & Numberger-Thuy, Lea D., 2024, The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, pp. 216-247 in European Journal of Taxonomy 947 (1) on page 223, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631, http://zenodo.org/record/13365641
Ophiopetagno Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy 2022
Creators: name: Thuy, Ben
name: Eriksson, Mats E.
name: Kutscher, Manfred
name: Numberger-Thuy, Lea D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ophiopetagno

description: Genus Ophiopetagno Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy, 2022
Type species
Ophiopetagno paicei Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy, 2022, by original designation.
Diagnosis (modified from Thuy et al. 2022)
Ankhurid ophiuroid with relatively thin, slightly arched, elongate lateral arm plates; ventro-proximalwards protruding ventral portion; ventral plate edge with a clear tentacle notch incision and with well-developed ambulacral groove spine articulations; large, prominent lateral spine articulations consisting of a single round opening surrounded by an elevated ring; inner side of lateral arm plates with large, sub-triangular vertebral articular knob; vertebrae roughly cylindrical, with slightly concave waist; lateral sides with deep podial basin distally, and subtriangular articulation surface proximally, matching vertebral articular knob on inner side of lateral arm plates; distal side with large, dorsally converging zygocondyles; water vessel canal running entirely within vertebra, distally enclosed by large zygosphene.
Other species included
Ophiopetagno bonzo sp. nov., Ophiopetagno kansas sp. nov., Ophiopetagno doro sp. nov., Ophiopetagno sp. 1 and Ophiopetagno sp. 2.
description: Published as part of Thuy, Ben, Eriksson, Mats E., Kutscher, Manfred & Numberger-Thuy, Lea D., 2024, The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, pp. 216-247 in European Journal of Taxonomy 947 (1) on page 233, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631, http://zenodo.org/record/13365641
Ophiopetagno paicei Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy 2022
Creators: name: Thuy, Ben
name: Eriksson, Mats E.
name: Kutscher, Manfred
name: Numberger-Thuy, Lea D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ophiopetagno
Ophiopetagno paicei

description: Ophiopetagno paicei Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy, 2022
Figs 5K–N, 7
Diagnosis (emended from Thuy et al. 2022)
Species of Ophiopetagno with lateral arm plates showing a concave dorsal edge, fine outer surface tuberculation, a deep tentacle notch incision, three relatively large, prominent lateral spine articulations in a continuous row, and ambulacral groove spine articulations in a continuous row along the entire ventral edge with a weak offset from the latter.
Remarks
Ophiopetagno paicei was described by Thuy et al. (2022) as part of the species pair shown to be at the origin of the modern ophiuroid clade. The lateral arm plates of O. paicei differ from those of its congeners described herein in having a concave dorsal edge and three relatively large spine articulations in a continuous row along the distal plate edge.
description: Published as part of Thuy, Ben, Eriksson, Mats E., Kutscher, Manfred & Numberger-Thuy, Lea D., 2024, The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, pp. 216-247 in European Journal of Taxonomy 947 (1) on page 237, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631, http://zenodo.org/record/13365641
Ophiopetagno undefined-1
Creators: name: Thuy, Ben
name: Eriksson, Mats E.
name: Kutscher, Manfred
name: Numberger-Thuy, Lea D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ophiopetagno
Ophiopetagno undefined-1

description: Ophiopetagno sp. 1
Figs 6G–H, 7
Material studied
NRM PAL Ec38344.
Description
NRM PAL Ec38344 (Fig. 6G–H) is a dissociated proximal or median lateral arm plate approximately 1.8 times as long as high, with weakly concave dorsal edge, convex distal edge and oblique proximal edge lined by shallow groove; ventral portion long, weakly protruding ventro-proximalwards, with weakly convex ventral edge with central protrusion caused by three ambulacral groove spine articulations; outer surface with very fine tuberculation covering entire outer surface except for groove along proximal edge and shelf distally bordering spine articulations; large, dorsally rounded, moderately well-defined elevation in middle of outer surface; three small, inconspicuous lateral spine articulations directly at distal edge of central elevation on outer surface, with larger gap between dorsal and middle articulations, separated from distal plate edge by very large shelf. Inner side of lateral arm plate (Fig. 6H) with large, oval to rounded triangular vertebral articular surface in center of proximal plate portion at some distance from inner dorso-proximal corner and separated from slightly inwards protruding dorsal edge; tentacle notch small, shallow but well-defined, with small but deep incision in ventral edge; three small, inconspicuous ambulacral groove spine articulations grouped in protruding part of ventral plate edge proximally bordering tentacle notch.
Remarks
The single lateral arm plate described herein as Ophiopetagno sp. 1 differs from those of its congeners in being much larger, having a very fine outer surface ornamentation and a central elevation, very small, inconspicuous lateral spine articulations, and ambulacral groove spine articulations reduced to a group on a protrusion of the ventral edge. The lateral arm plate in question clearly belongs to a new species but in the absence of more material allowing for assessment of the intraspecific variability, we refrain from formally naming it.
Occurrence
Hoburgen.
description: Published as part of Thuy, Ben, Eriksson, Mats E., Kutscher, Manfred & Numberger-Thuy, Lea D., 2024, The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, pp. 216-247 in European Journal of Taxonomy 947 (1) on pages 238-240, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631, http://zenodo.org/record/13365641
Ophiopetagno undefined-2
Creators: name: Thuy, Ben
name: Eriksson, Mats E.
name: Kutscher, Manfred
name: Numberger-Thuy, Lea D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Ophiopetagno
Ophiopetagno undefined-2

description: Ophiopetagno sp. 2
Figs 6I–J, 7
Material studied
NRM PAL Ec38345.
Description
NRM PAL Ec38345 (Fig. 6I–J) is a dissociated median or distal lateral arm plate approximately 2.5 times as long as high, with weakly concave dorsal edge, convex distal edge and oblique proximal edge lined by shallow groove followed by very narrow band of more finely-meshed stereom; ventral portion long, weakly protruding ventro-proximalwards, with very weakly convex ventral edge lined by at least ten ambulacral groove spine articulations; outer surface with conspicuously coarse tuberculation covering entire outer surface except for groove along proximal edge and shelf distally bordering spine articulations, and consisting of trabecular intersections transformed into irregular, widely spaced tubercles; three moderately large lateral spine articulations, nearly equal-sized and equidistant along entire distal plate edge, separated from latter by relatively short shelf. Inner side of lateral arm plate (Fig. 6J) with very large, well-defined, prominent, rounded triangular vertebral articular surface in center of proximal plate portion at some distance from inner dorso-proximal corner and separated from slightly inwards protruding dorsal edge; tentacle notch large, shallow but well-defined, with large, shallow incision in ventral edge; at least ten small but well-developed ambulacral groove spine articulations along entire ventral plate edge.
Remarks
The single lateral arm plate described as Ophiopetagno sp. 2 stands out in having a very coarse outer surface ornamentation. In this respect, it bears a superficial similarity to the lateral arm plates of O. bonzo sp. nov. The latter, however, show a conspicuously oblique distal edge, smaller lateral spine articulations and fewer ambulacral groove spine articulations. In the absence of more specimens, we cannot assess the morphological variability of Ophiopetagno sp. 2 and therefore refrain from describing it formally as a new species.
Occurrence
Hoburgen.
description: Published as part of Thuy, Ben, Eriksson, Mats E., Kutscher, Manfred & Numberger-Thuy, Lea D., 2024, The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, pp. 216-247 in European Journal of Taxonomy 947 (1) on page 240, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631, http://zenodo.org/record/13365641
Ophiovalida Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy 2024
Creators: name: Thuy, Ben
name: Eriksson, Mats E.
name: Kutscher, Manfred
name: Numberger-Thuy, Lea D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Ophiovalida

description: Clade Ophiovalida clade nov.
Diagnosis
Ankhurid ophiuroids with the water vessel canal at least partially open and with lateral arm plates devoid of ambulacral groove spines.
Etymology
From ‘validus’, Latin for ‘valid, strong’, because the node in question represents the origin of the modern ophiuroid bauplan.
Taxa included
Muldaster haakei, Ophiurina lymani Stürtz, 1890 and all members of the clade Myophiuroidea.
Remarks
We introduce the new clade name Ophiovalida clade nov. to designate the key node in the evolution of ophiuroids marked by two major skeletal innovations, 1) partial opening of the water vessel canal and 2) the loss of ambulacral groove spines. The node in question is exceptionally well-studied in terms of stratigraphic dating, phylogenetic signal and paleoenvironmental context (Thuy et al. 2022). Specifically, it marks the transition between two temporally consecutive species, Ophiopetagno paicei and Muldaster haakei. Given its significance as the ‘moment of birth’ of the modern ophiuroids, we decided to name the clade bound to this specific node.
description: Published as part of Thuy, Ben, Eriksson, Mats E., Kutscher, Manfred & Numberger-Thuy, Lea D., 2024, The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, pp. 216-247 in European Journal of Taxonomy 947 (1) on page 241, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631, http://zenodo.org/record/13365641
Muldaster Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy 2022
Creators: name: Thuy, Ben
name: Eriksson, Mats E.
name: Kutscher, Manfred
name: Numberger-Thuy, Lea D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Ophiuroidea
Muldaster

description: Genus Muldaster Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy, 2022
Type and only known species
Muldaster haakei Thuy, Eriksson & Numberger-Thuy, 2022, by original designation.
Diagnosis (modified from Thuy et al. 2022)
Ophiovalid (see above) ophiuroid with very small, strongly elongate and weakly constricted lateral arm plates, with protruding ventral portion distally incised by tentacle notch; two closely spaced lateral arm spine articulations each composed of single opening surrounded by elevated ridge; inner side of lateral arm plates with lacking bulges, perforations and other traces of groove spine articulations; vertebrae bone shaped, with strongly concave waist. Large, coarsely tuberculated zygocondyles on distal side of vertebrae merged into hourglass-shaped knob; water vessel canal enclosed by distal third and proximal quarter of vertebra, exposed at waist of vertebral body running in shallow furrow. Articulated arm segments with lateral arm plates meeting along ventral midline, exposing podial basins ventrally and vertebrae dorsally; arm spines short, conical, pointed; dorsal and ventral arm plates absent.
description: Published as part of Thuy, Ben, Eriksson, Mats E., Kutscher, Manfred & Numberger-Thuy, Lea D., 2024, The beginning of a success story: basalmost members of the extant ophiuroid clade from the Silurian of Gotland, Sweden, pp. 216-247 in European Journal of Taxonomy 947 (1) on page 241, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.947.2631, http://zenodo.org/record/13365641
Cornulum Carter 1876
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Acarnidae
Cornulum

description: Genus Cornulum Carter, 1876
Type species: Cornulum textile Carter, 1876 (type by monotypy)
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2015, New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, pp. 451-483 in Zootaxa 4033 (4) on page 453, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253595
Megaciella Hallmann 1920
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Acarnidae
Megaciella

description: Genus Megaciella Hallmann, 1920
Type species: Amphilectus pilosus Ridley & Dendy, 1886 (by original designation)
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2015, New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, pp. 451-483 in Zootaxa 4033 (4) on page 455, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253595
Artemisina Vosmaer 1885
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Microcionidae
Artemisina

description: Genus Artemisina Vosmaer, 1885
Type species: Artemisina suberitoides Vosmaer, 1885 (type by monotypy)
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2015, New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, pp. 451-483 in Zootaxa 4033 (4) on page 462, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253595
Histodermion Topsent 1927
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Coelosphaeridae
Histodermion

description: Subgenus Histodermion Topsent, 1927
Type species: Histodermion dividuum Topsent, 1927 (by monotypy)
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2015, New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, pp. 451-483 in Zootaxa 4033 (4) on page 468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253595
Stelodoryx Topsent 1904
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Myxillidae
Stelodoryx

description: Genus Stelodoryx Topsent, 1904
Type species: Stelodoryx procera Topsent, 1904 (by monotypy)
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2015, New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, pp. 451-483 in Zootaxa 4033 (4) on page 469, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253595
Hymeraphiopsis Hooper 1991
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongea
Axinellida
Raspailiidae
Hymeraphiopsis

description: Subgenus Hymeraphiopsis Hooper, 1991
Type species: Raspailia irregularis Hentschel, 1914 (by original designation)
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2015, New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, pp. 451-483 in Zootaxa 4033 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253595
Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) fruticosa Lehnert & Stone, 2015, n. sp.
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Raspailiidae
Raspailia
Raspailia fruticosa

description: Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) fruticosa n. sp.
(Fig. 16)
Material examined. Holotype: ZSM 20150392, collected by Jim Stark with a research survey bottom trawl (haul #193) from the FV Ocean Explorer; 27 July 2012, 228 m depth, 30.6 km SSE of Fox Beach Point, Shemya Island, Semichi Islands, western Aleutian Islands, North Pacific Ocean (52°26.5920' N, 174°18.1740' E). Water temperature = 3.7°C. Complete specimen in ethanol.
Description. Habitus: Pale ochre-colored, bushy sponge with a height of 7 cm and a diameter of 4.5–5.5 cm (Fig. 16 A). It grows on a bivalve (Astarte sp.) shell with several points of attachment.
Skeletal structure: There is no special ectosome developed. The choanosome is plumose, with the longitudinal axis of the sponge formed by polyspicular tracts of styles which diverge into spicule tracts running obliquely to the surface, ending there without getting much broader. Spicule tracts of styles are echinated by numerous acanthotylostyles, standing perpendicular, obliquely or even parallel to the tracts (Figs. 16 B & C).
Spicules: Smooth styles, 956–1520 x 22–44 µm (Fig. 16 D), acanthotylostyles with a smooth, very pronounced tyle, characteristic for the subgenus, 150–234 x 18–33 µm (Fig. 16 E), with the tyle being the thickest part of the spicule.
Discussion. Assignment to the subgenus Hymeraphiopsis is justified due to the presence of the echinating acanthostyles with smooth and very swollen tylote bases; a characteristic diagnostic for the subgenus (Hooper, 2002d). This is only the second species for this subgenus, the only other species known, the type species, Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) irregularis Hentschel, 1914, is from the Antarctic Region. The characteristics of this species (after Hooper, 2002d) are: styles, 1969–3016 x 35 –54 µm, styles or anisoxeas, 435–712 x 2–11 µm, and acanthostyles, 181–301 x 12–24 µm). R. fruticosa differs from the type specimen in growth form: while the type is bushy without a dominating axis the new species has only short side-branches diverging from a main axis. It has smaller and generally thinner styles, smaller and thicker acanthostyles, and lacks the ectosomal oxeas.
Etymology. From the Latin fruticosus—bushy, referring to the habitus of the sponge.
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2015, New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, pp. 451-483 in Zootaxa 4033 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253595
Dysidea Johnston 1842
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Dictyoceratida
Dysideidae
Dysidea

description: Genus Dysidea Johnston, 1842
Type species: Spongia fragilis Montagu, 1814 (type by subsequent designation)
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2015, New species of sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, pp. 451-483 in Zootaxa 4033 (4) on page 477, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4033.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/253595
Mesostephanus appendiculatus Ciurea
Creators: name: Hechinger, Ryan F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Diplostomida
Cyathocotylidae
Mesostephanus
Mesostephanus appendiculatus

description: Mesostephanus appendiculatus (Ciurea)
(1. Meap; Figs. 1, 4–7)
Diagnosis: Parthenitae. Colony comprised of very active sporocysts, densely concentrated in snail mantle (in enlarged perirectal sinus). Sporocysts translucent white; usually over 1200 µm long, very elongate (length:width up to ~15:1), of relatively consistent width but with tapering anterior and bluntly rounded posterior; body wall with muscular, transverse, crest-shaped annulations, developing cercariae visible through translucent sporocyst wall.
Cercaria. Body translucent colorless; non-oculate; with oral sucker modified as “anterior organ” and no ventral sucker; with typical cyathocotylid excretory system, wherein main collecting ducts have lateral and medial branches all connecting anteriorly, the anterior blind ducts diverge (point antero-laterally); gut branches at 1/4–1/3 body length, caeca each with 3–4 pronounced, sinuous undulations; body ~ 220 µm long, ~1/2 the length of tail stem; tail forked, with dorso-ventral fins on furcae.
Cercaria behavior: Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim intermittently with short bursts followed by longer periods of resting and slow sinking; frequently swim in response to vibration.
Similar species: Meap cercariae are readily distinguished from Smcy [2] by their larger size, more anterior position of gut branching, pronounced caeca undulations, and (usually) diverging anterior blind excretory ducts. If the host snail has been dissected, the sporocyst distribution, activity, and annulations provide the easiest way to distinguish Meap from Smcy.
Remarks: Martin (1961) documented the life cycle. He described the sporocysts and cercariae from naturally infected C. californica (although he reported the sporocysts as residing in the visceral mass, which is not consistent with our repeated observations (n> 1000) that they use the perirectal sinus in the mantle). Martin also experimentally infected second intermediate host fishes with metacercariae, using those to infect chicks to get adults. He described the adult and identified it as Mesostephanus appendiculatus. Because M. appendiculatus was originally identified from Romania, it seems likely that it represents a globally distributed species complex.
This species likely corresponds to “ Cercaria cerithidia 22” of Hunter (1942), the “Furcocercous Cercaria ” of Maxon and Pequegnat (1949), and the “large strigeid” of Martin (1955).
description: Published as part of Hechinger, Ryan F., 2019, Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host, pp. 459-494 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on page 467, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3586554
Catatropis johnstoni Martin 1956
Creators: name: Hechinger, Ryan F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Plagiorchiida
Notocotylidae
Catatropis
Catatropis johnstoni

description: Catatropis johnstoni Martin
(4. Cajo; Figs. 1, 15–18)
Diagnosis: Parthenitae. Colony comprised of barely active rediae, densely concentrated in snail mantle (in enlarged perirectal sinus). Rediae translucent orange, yellow, or colorless; ~ 500–900 µm long, pyriform, ovoid to elongate (length:width up to ~8:1), often narrows anteriorly.
Cercaria. Body opaque tan when developed, opaque white with anterior diffuse black transverse band (eye pigment) when younger; oculate, often with a weak median pigment spot; with oral sucker and no ventral sucker; with one pair postero-lateral “adhesive glands”, but these not consistently obvious; with main excretory ducts connecting near eyes to form a ring (“cyclocoel”); body ~ 350 µm long, ~equal in length to tail; tail simple.
Cercaria behavior: Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim intermittently with periods of resting; readily encyst on snail shell and operculum, dissection dish, or inside pipettes during transfer.
Similar species: Cajo could possibly be confused with the himasthlid Hirh [6], but it is readily distinguished by lacking a ventral sucker, lacking a spined collar, having a cyclocoel excretory system, and having the redia colony locus in the mantle.
Remarks: Martin (1956) documented the life cycle. He described the sporocysts, cercariae, metacercariae, and adults obtained by experimentally infecting young domestic chickens.
Mature, ripe colonies comprise ~22% the soft-tissue weight of an infected snail (summer-time estimate derived from information in [Hechinger et al. 2009]).
Cajo does not have a physical caste of soldier rediae (Garcia et al., submitted).
Cercariae do a substantial amount of development after they leave the rediae, but before they leave the snail (Martin 1956).
Cajo appears to make infected snails much more likely to die under stressful conditions, as we have qualitatively noted for years, and as indicated by a re-analysis of Sousa and Gleason’s (1989) data (Hechinger et al. 2009).
description: Published as part of Hechinger, Ryan F., 2019, Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host, pp. 459-494 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on page 470, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3586554
Himasthla Dietz 1909
Creators: name: Hechinger, Ryan F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Plagiorchiida
Echinostomatidae
Himasthla

description: Himasthla sp. B
(7. Hisb; Figs. 1, 27–29)
Diagnosis: Parthenitae. Colony comprised of active rediae, densely concentrated in snail gonad with dispersion into basal visceral mass regions. Rediae translucent orange to colorless; ~ 750–2000 µm long, oblong to elongate (length:width up to ~5:1), with posterior appendages that are often not pronounced.
Cercaria. Body opaque white; non-oculate; with oral and ventral sucker; with main excretory ducts forming a broad “v”; with basal portions of main excretory ducts being particularly inflated and filled with large, distinct granules; collar with 25 collar spines in a single row, and 4 in a second row (2 pairs of “corner spines”); body ~ 550 µm long, ~equal in length to tail; tail dorso-ventrally finned.
Cercaria behavior: Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim ~continuously, body ventrally flexed (~forming an overall spheroidal shape), lashing tail back and forth.
Similar species: Hisb is most readily distinguished from all the echinostomatoids by having a tail fin.
Remarks: The rediae and cercariae of this species have not been thoroughly described. However, Hechinger et al. (2011b) present several aspects of redia morphology.
This species corresponds to the ‘fin-tailed echinostome” of Martin (1955) and the “ Echinoparyphium sp.” of Martin (1972), but it has been considered to be a species of Himasthla since Huspeni’s unpublished thesis (2000).
Based on observations of natural infections at various stages of development, it appears that the initial mother sporocyst frequently invades the snail heart lumen (first pointed out to me by TC Huspeni; pers. observations).
Mature, ripe colonies comprise ~24% the soft-tissue weight of an infected snail (summer-time estimate derived from information in [Hechinger et al. 2009]).
Hisb infection causes (stolen) snail bodies to grow ~ 2x faster than uninfected snails (Hechinger 2010).
Hisb has a caste of soldier rediae (Hechinger et al. 2011b). In fact, it is first trematode species for which it was documented that trematodes can have a reproductive division of labor and a soldier caste.
Nadakal (1960b) presents information on the pigments of the rediae and cercariae of this species (as his “fintailed echinostome”).
As part of one of the first studies documenting the syncytial nature of trematode integuments, Bils and Martin (1966) examined the fine structure and development of the tegument for the rediae and cercariae of this species (as Molinella sp.).
description: Published as part of Hechinger, Ryan F., 2019, Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host, pp. 459-494 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on pages 474-475, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3586554
Machine Learning-driven Discovery of EBNA1 Inhibitors Against Epstein Barr Virus in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Creators: name: Anak Wicklem Polycarp, Lavinia Clarisa
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This study addresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), particularly common among Malaysians, by targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection through the EBNA1 protein, which is crucial for EBV survival and NPC tumourigenicity. Using quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models in WEKA based on the AID2381 dataset, we identified ten potential EBNA1 inhibitors from the Enamine compound library. One compound, Z4133355762, selectively inhibited EBV-positive NPC cells (C666-1). Molecular dynamics simulations validated the interaction, demonstrating QSAR's effectiveness in streamlining drug discovery for NPC treatments.
Phocitremoides ovale Martin 1950
Creators: name: Hechinger, Ryan F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Plagiorchiida
Heterophyidae
Phocitremoides
Phocitremoides ovale

description: Phocitremoides ovale Martin
(12. Phov; Figs. 1, 49–52)
Diagnosis: Parthenitae. Colony comprised of active rediae, densely concentrated in snail gonad region. Rediae translucent white, grey, weak yellow, to colorless; ~ 500–1000 µm long, elongate (length:width ~4:1 to 10:1), sausage-shaped.
Cercaria. Body posterior 2/3 opaque white; oculate; with oral sucker and no ventral sucker; body ~ 200 µm long, much shorter than tail (<1/2 length); tail dorso-ventrally finned.
Cercaria behavior: Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim intermittently in short bursts, with periods of resting and slow sinking.
Similar species: Phov is readily distinguished from the other two heterophyids with tail fins by only having a dorso-ventral fin (lacking the proximal lateral fins). Additionally, the penetration gland distribution imparts a distinctive coloration pattern to the body, with the anterior 1/3 being translucent and the posterior 2/3 being more homogeneously white (with reflected light) or dark (with transmitted light).
Remarks: Martin (1950c) described Phov and documented its life cycle; he described the rediae and cercariae from natural infections, and metacercariae and adults from experimentally infected second intermediate and final hosts. I suspect that cercariae of this species were accidentally pooled with Acha to comprise Maxon & Pequegnat’s (1949) Pleurolophocercous II.
Mature, ripe colonies comprise ~16% the soft-tissue weight of an infected snail (summer-time estimate derived from information in [Hechinger et al. 2009]).
Garcia-Vedrenne et al. (2017) presents several lines of evidence indicating that this species has a caste of soldier rediae. However, the in vitro attack trials had limited success.
description: Published as part of Hechinger, Ryan F., 2019, Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host, pp. 459-494 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on page 481, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3586554
Pygidiopsoides spindalis Martin 1951
Creators: name: Hechinger, Ryan F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Plagiorchiida
Heterophyidae
Pygidiopsoides
Pygidiopsoides spindalis

description: Pygidiopsoides spindalis Martin
(13. Pysp; Figs. 1, 53–56)
Diagnosis: Parthenitae. Colony comprised of active rediae, densely concentrated in snail gonad region. Rediae almost opaque white to translucent white or grey; ~ 300–400 µm long, oblong to elongate (length:width ~3:1 to 8:1), sausage-shaped.
Cercaria. Body mostly translucent colorless; oculate; with oral sucker and no ventral sucker; body ~ 100 µm long, ~equal in length to tail; tail simple.
Cercaria behavior: Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim ~continuously.
Similar species: Pysp is readily separable from the other heterophyids by the lack of a cercaria tail fin, in addition to its relatively short tail, blunt anterior, and small size.
Remarks: Martin (1951) described this species from adults obtained by feeding metacercariae from naturally infected Fundulus parvipinnis to chicks and cats. He later documented the life cycle, and described rediae and cercariae from naturally infected California horn snails and metacercariae from experimentally infected second intermediate hosts (Martin 1964). This species likely corresponds to the “small opisthorchioidea” in Martin (1955).
Garcia-Vedrenne et al. (2017) presents several lines of evidence indicating that this species has a caste of soldier rediae (however, the in vitro attack trials had limited success).
description: Published as part of Hechinger, Ryan F., 2019, Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host, pp. 459-494 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on pages 481-482, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3586554
Renicola cerithidicola Martin 1971
Creators: name: Hechinger, Ryan F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Trematoda
Plagiorchiida
Renicolidae
Renicola
Renicola cerithidicola

description: Renicola cerithidicola Martin
(15. Rece; Figs. 1, 61–64)
Diagnosis: Parthenitae. Colony comprised of inactive sporocysts, densely concentrated in snail mantle (in enlarged perirectal sinus). Sporocysts translucent yellow, orange, sometimes white; ~ 500–1500 µm long, ovoid to elongate (length:width up to ~6:1), ~sausage-shaped.
Cercaria. Body mostly opaque white; non-oculate; with oral and ventral sucker; with a large Y-shaped excretory bladder, the arms of which wrap around sides of ventral sucker; body ~ 117 µm long, ~equal in length to tail; tail simple.
Cercaria behavior: Fresh, emerged cercariae remain in water column, swim ~continuously, lashing tail back and forth.
Similar species: Rece is readily distinguished from the two other small renicolid cercariae (Rema [16] and Repo [17]) by its lack of an oral stylet and by the colony locus being in the mantle.
Remarks: Martin (1971) described this species based on the sporocysts, cercariae, and experimentally obtained metacercariae (he was able to get only immature adult specimens in young California gulls). Hechinger and Miura (2014) provided COI and ITS1 DNA sequence data for this species.
Specimens of this species may have been included, along with specimens of Renicola sp. “polychaetophila”, in the material Hunter (1942) used to describe her “ Cercaria cerithidia 19” (Hechinger & Miura 2014). This species corresponds to the “Y-bladder cercaria” of Martin (1955).
Early Rece infections can be detected. The sporocysts appear to typically initially form in the basal visceral mass, as generally expected for species that infects the snail with ingested eggs (Galaktionov & Dobrovolskij 2003) (unpublished observations).
Mature, ripe colonies comprise ~17% the soft-tissue weight of an infected snail (summer-time estimate derived from information in [Hechinger et al. 2009]).
Rece infection causes (stolen) snail bodies to grow ~ 2x faster than uninfected snails (Hechinger 2010).
description: Published as part of Hechinger, Ryan F., 2019, Guide to the trematodes (Platyhelminthes) that infect the California horn snail (Cerithideopsis californica: Potamididae: Gastropoda) as first intermediate host, pp. 459-494 in Zootaxa 4711 (3) on page 485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4711.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3586554