cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sensing of single nuclear spins in random thermal motion with proximate nitrogen-vacancy centers
Creators: name: Bruderer, M.
name: Fernández-Acebal, P.
name: Aurich, R.
name: Plenio, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as valuable tools for sensing and polarizing spins. Motivated by potential applications in chemistry, biology, and medicine, we show that NV-based sensors are capable of detecting single spin targets even if they undergo diffusive motion in an ambient thermal environment. Focusing on experimentally relevant diffusion regimes, we derive an effective model for the NV-target interaction, where parameters entering the model are obtained from numerical simulations of the target motion. The practicality of our approach is demonstrated by analyzing two realistic experimental scenarios: (i) time-resolved sensing of a fluorine nuclear spin bound to an N-heterocyclic carbene-ruthenium (NHC-Ru) catalyst that is immobilized on the diamond surface and (ii) detection of an electron spin label by an NV center in a nanodiamond, both attached to a vibrating chemokine receptor in thermal motion. We find in particular that the detachment of a fluorine target from the NHC-Ru carrier molecule can be monitored with a time resolution of a few seconds.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, supplemental material
Multiple case study exploring the impact of visitor restrictions in hospitals on childbirth support during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Hicks, Lauren E.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Ltd
Year: 2023

description: Objective Childbirth is a life-changing experience for new mothers, birth partners, and families. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic restricted labouring mothers' access to support in hospitals through visitor restrictions. The goal of this research was to describe childbirth support in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A qualitative study using a multiple case study design describes childbirth support in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspectives of the new mother, birth partner, and obstetric hospital staff, including doulas, nurses, and obstetric providers. The setting was a large metropolitan area in South Texas. Sixteen participants were interviewed, including four new mothers, three birth partners, three doulas, three obstetric nurses, and three obstetric providers. Results Themes that emerged from the data include: under a spotlight, unmet expectations, discovering serenity, and quality childbirth support. Conclusion During the pandemic, new mothers and birth partners experienced fewer distractions, better communication with the hospital staff, and had better opportunities to bond with the newborn during labour and after birth, but did report missing the presence of their family and friends. Doulas, obstetric nurses, and obstetric providers found they were able to provide better quality and safer care to labouring mothers and birth partners.
Enhancing Industrial Data Analysis through Machine Learning-based Classification of Petrochemical Datasets
Creators: name: Fáber, Rastislav
name: L'ubušký, Karol
name: Mojto, Martin
name: Paulen, Radoslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Machine Learning
Data Classification
Alkylation Process
Analytics
Industry 4.0

description: Incorporating data analytics and machine learning (ML) algorithms into industrial decision making has proven to be a promising way to boost production efficiency. By utilizing ML algorithms to classify historical measurements from online sensors and laboratory analyses, it is possible to provide an operation guideline that was previously unavailable. We apply rigorous data treatment to prepare the raw data for ML-based classifier design. This process includes data cleaning, data standardization, data averaging, variable removal (based on linear dependency analysis), and distant outlier detection; to ensure the quality and reliability of available data. Selection of a suitable classifier model depends on the complexity of an industrial process, the level of its automation (implementation effort) and the ability to handle data outliers. We employ Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) for initial ground-truth labeling, after which we utilize well understood ML algorithms; k-Means, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and SVM with time difference, to engineer a framework for real-time classification. Accurate categorization of measurements is crucial for identifying slight deviations from real values that could impact the quality of the final product. Moreover, the complexity of the data plays a significant role in the performance of ML algorithms. With precise categorization of real-time data, the need for human intervention in process control can be minimized. To evaluate the performance of the designed classifiers, we compare their classification accuracy against the aforementioned synthetic ground truth labels. This comparison is carried out on a testing dataset that was not used during the framework design. Overall, our results demonstrate that the ML-based classifiers achieve comparable results in real-time classification. The most accurate classifier was the SVM model which uses not only absolute data, but also their time differences, which achieved the highest anomaly detection, 82 %.
title: Hieronymus Bosch's Dismantled Triptych and the 'Devotio Moderna'
Creators: name: Tippett, Mary E.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Flemish painter Jeroen van Aken, better known as Hieronymus Bosch, created a triptych depicting the folly of humanity. This dismantled triptych includes the Ship of Fools, the Allegory of Intemperance, the Death of the Miser, and the Rotterdam Wayfarer, completed between 1500 and 1510. Throughout his career, Bosch explored a peculiar take on the traditional forms of wellknown religious motifs throughout Renaissance Europe by populating his scenes with fantastical creatures and monsters. Scholars have long since suggested that these forms were inspired by illuminated manuscripts. However, scholars provided no explanation as to why these texts drew Bosch’s attention. This thesis argues that the practice of Devotio Moderna inspired Bosch to mine the pages of illuminated manuscripts for the fantastical images found throughout his oeuvre. The Devotio Moderna movement also functions as a lens through which we can understand the meaning behind his work.
Nucleotide Excision Repair in Human Cells: FATE OF THE EXCISED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE CARRYING DNA DAMAGE IN VIVO
Creators: name: Hu, Jinchuan
name: Kemp, Michael G.
name: Gaddameedhi, Shobhan
name: Choi, Jun Hyuk
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Reardon, Joyce T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Nucleotide excision repair is the sole mechanism for removing the major UV photoproducts from genomic DNA in human cells. In vitro with human cell-free extract or purified excision repair factors, the damage is removed from naked DNA or nucleosomes in the form of 24- to 32-nucleotide-long oligomers (nominal 30-mer) by dual incisions. Whether the DNA damage is removed from chromatin in vivo in a similar manner and what the fate of the excised oligomer was has not been known previously. Here, we demonstrate that dual incisions occur in vivo identical to the in vitro reaction. Further, we show that transcription-coupled repair, which operates in the absence of the XPC protein, also generates the nominal 30-mer in UV-irradiated XP-C mutant cells. Finally, we report that the excised 30-mer is released from the chromatin in complex with the repair factors TFIIH and XPG. Taken together, our results show the congruence of in vivo and in vitro data on nucleotide excision repair in humans.
A derivation of masses and total luminosities of galaxy groups and clusters in the maxBCG catalogue
Creators: name: Proctor, Robert N.
name: de Oliveira, Claudia Mendes
name: Azanha, Luiz
name: Dupke, Renato
name: Overzier, Roderik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a multi-waveband analysis of the masses and luminosities of $\sim$600 galaxy groups and clusters identified in the maxBCG catalogue. These data are intended to form the basis of future work on the formation of the "$m_{12}$ gap" in galaxy groups and clusters. We use SDSS spectroscopy and $g$, $r$ and $i$ band photometry to estimate galaxy group/cluster virial radii, masses and total luminosities. In order to establish the robustness of our results, we compare them with literature studies that utilize a variety of mass determinations techniques (dynamical, X-ray, weak lensing) and total luminosities estimated in the $B$, $r$, $i$, and $K$ wavebands. We also compare our results to predictions derived from the Millennium Simulation. We find that, once selection effects are properly accounted for, excellent agreement exists between our results and the literature with the exception of a single observational study. We also find that the Millennium Simulation does an excellent job of predicting the effects of our selection criteria. Our results show that, over the mass range $\sim10^{13}-10^{15}$ M$_{\odot}$, variations in the slope of the mass-luminosity scaling relation with mass detected in this and many other literature studies is in part the result of selection effects. We show that this can have serious ramifications on attempts to determine how the mass-to-light ratio of galaxy groups and cluster varies with mass.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
INTERGRADATION IN NORFOLK WATERS BETWEEN SOME SPECIES OF AUTOLYTUS (POLYCHAETA, SYLLIDAE)
Creators: name: HAMOND, Richard
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1969

description: Representatives of a sample of Autolytus stocks from Hunstanton, Norfolk, are described to show the range of variation in colour connecting A. edwardsi with A. prolifer, and the range of morphological variation connecting the latter with A. brachycephalus ; subsequent samples showed similar ranges of variation. Attempts were made to culture these taxa, and to cross-mate the stolons so obtained. The ease with which a given phenotype fed or bred in the laboratory corresponded approximately to its position in the spectrum of variation; the “extreme” type of brachycephalus furnished the most numerous stolons, whereas prolifer produced hardly any stolons and edwardsi none at all. However, male stolons were obtained from two populations of stocks in which the numerical proportions of the various phenotypes were markedly different; either group of males mated equally readily with females derived from only one of these populations, and no evidence could be found of any sterility barrier. It is provisionally concluded that all Autolytus of the brachycephalus-prolifer-edwardsi complex in North Norfolk Waters, whether dwelling intertidally or offshore, are members of a single highly variable but reproductively homogeneous population.
Multi-Model Soft-Sensor Design for a Depropanizer Distillation Column
Creators: name: Mojto, Martin
name: L'ubušký, Karol
name: Fikar, Miroslav
name: Paulen, Radoslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Depropanizer Column
Multi-Model Soft Sensor
Soft Sensor

description: The enormous technological growth increases the application of machine learning in the petrochemical industry. One of these applications is a soft-sensor design. A soft sensor represents a relatively efficient way of inferring hard-to-measure industrial variables (e.g., concentration). It takes a form of a mathematical model. Consequently, the sensor is less expensive to maintain than other (physical) sensing devices and usually offers very good practical accuracy. The standard structure of a soft sensor involves a single model, but it is possible to extend this to more concurrent models with a tailored switching mechanism between them. In this contribution, the potential benefits of a multi-model soft sensor are explored using a high-fidelity mathematical model (digital twin) of a depropanizer distillation column. The soft-sensor design is usually purely based on the data. Therefore, the size and quality of the data have a significant impact on the soft-sensor performance. In the case of industrial data, these factors are not flexible but result from the efficiency of the industrial monitoring instrumentation. On the other hand, the synthetic data from a mathematical model can provide more flexibility in studying the multi-model soft-sensor design. Therefore, we gather such data from the model simulations in gPROMS ModelBuilder. We divide the entire dataset into the training and testing (unseen) set to provide a reliable analysis of the designed soft sensors. There are various methods suitable for the single-model soft-sensor training. We study the performance of several regression techniques, such as the principal component regression (PCR), least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), and subset selection (SS) class of approaches. The multi-model soft sensor is designed by an advanced approach with (a) continuous switching between the soft-sensor models and (b) optimised a priori labelling of the training dataset to design the models effectively. Subsequently, the performance of the soft sensors is evaluated on the testing dataset. The main aspects of the soft-sensor performance are the estimation accuracy and complexity of the model structure. We compare the performance of the designed soft sensors with a reference sensor (i.e., a soft sensor that would be used in the refinery). The results indicate that the designed soft sensors outperform the reference sensor. Moreover, the multi-model soft sensor performs better than the single-model alternative, mainly when different operating conditions are considered within the model of the depropanizer column.
Comparing Linear and Nonlinear Soft Sensor Approaches for Industrial Distillation Columns
Creators: name: Mojto, Martin
name: L'ubušký, Karol
name: Fikar, Miroslav
name: Paulen, Radoslav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: industrial monitoring
model validation
nonlinear transformations
soft sensors

description: With increasing computational power and the rise of artificial intelligence, there is a growing demand for smart industry solutions. Inferential or soft sensors play a crucial role in industrial monitoring and control by providing estimates of key process variables, such as product quality, based on measurements of other process variables. In this study, we compare linear and nonlinear approaches to soft sensor design using datasets from two industrial distillation columns: the depropanizer column in the Fluid Catalytic Cracking unit and the main fractionator in the Vacuum Gasoil Hydrogenation unit at the oil refinery Slovnaft, a.s. in Bratislava, Slovakia. The soft sensor design procedure involves four steps: (1) input domain analysis, (2) data preprocessing, (3) training of model parameters, and (4) model validation and testing. In the input domain analysis step, we explore the potential of various nonlinear transformations of the original input variables with respect to the specific case study. The resulting dataset undergoes data treatment and feature selection analysis in the data preprocessing step and is then divided into training and testing sets. In the third step, various linear and nonlinear approaches are used to calculate the model parameters on the training dataset with respect to specific objectives. Finally, the obtained models are validated. The results suggest that nonlinear transformations have a generally positive impact on the performance of inferential sensors, but it appears that the performance improvement is more significant for linear sensors compared to nonlinear ones. This is supported by the comparable performance of both approaches on the depropanizer column dataset, while the accuracy of the nonlinear soft sensors only slightly improves (by approximately 2%) on the main fractionator dataset. Furthermore, it appears that more complex (nonlinear) soft sensors are more prone to overfitting, which is a significant issue for applications with high levels of noise.
Review Mining for Feature Based Opinion Summarization and Visualization
Creators: name: Kamal, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The application and usage of opinion mining, especially for business intelligence, product recommendation, targeted marketing etc. have fascinated many research attentions around the globe. Various research efforts attempted to mine opinions from customer reviews at different levels of granularity, including word-, sentence-, and document-level. However, development of a fully automatic opinion mining and sentiment analysis system is still elusive. Though the development of opinion mining and sentiment analysis systems are getting momentum, most of them attempt to perform document-level sentiment analysis, classifying a review document as positive, negative, or neutral. Such document-level opinion mining approaches fail to provide insight about users sentiment on individual features of a product or service. Therefore, it seems to be a great help for both customers and manufacturers, if the reviews could be processed at a finer-grained level and presented in a summarized form through some visual means, highlighting individual features of a product and users sentiment expressed over them. In this paper, the design of a unified opinion mining and sentiment analysis framework is presented at the intersection of both machine learning and natural language processing approaches. Also, design of a novel feature-level review summarization scheme is proposed to visualize mined features, opinions and their polarity values in a comprehendible way.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
(3923) Jean Fulton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Proto-oncogene Activity of Melanoma Antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) Regulates Retinoblastoma-related p107 and E2F1 Proteins
Creators: name: Blackwelder, Amanda J.
name: Grossman, Gail
name: Su, Shifeng
name: Wilson, Elizabeth M.
name: Mohler, James L.
name: Minges, John T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11) is a low-abundance, primate-specific steroid receptor coregulator in normal tissues of the human reproductive tract that is expressed at higher levels in prostate cancer. Increased expression of MAGE-A11 enhances androgen receptor transcriptional activity and promotes prostate cancer cell growth. Further investigation into the mechanisms of MAGE-A11 function in prostate cancer demonstrated interactions with the retinoblastoma-related protein p107 and Rb tumor suppressor but no interaction with p130 of the Rb family. MAGE-A11 interaction with p107 was associated with transcriptional repression in cells with low MAGE-A11 and transcriptional activation in cells with higher MAGE-A11. Selective interaction of MAGE-A11 with retinoblastoma family members suggested the regulation of E2F transcription factors. MAGE-A11 stabilized p107 by inhibition of ubiquitination and linked p107 to hypophosphorylated E2F1 in association with the stabilization and activation of E2F1. The androgen receptor and MAGE-A11 modulated endogenous expression of the E2F1-regulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1. The ability of MAGE-A11 to increase E2F1 transcriptional activity was similar to the activity of adenovirus early oncoprotein E1A and depended on MAGE-A11 interactions with p107 and p300. The immunoreactivity of p107 and MAGE-A11 was greater in advanced prostate cancer than in benign prostate, and knockdown with small inhibitory RNA showed that p107 is a transcriptional activator in prostate cancer cells. These results suggest that MAGE-A11 is a proto-oncogene whose increased expression in prostate cancer reverses retinoblastoma-related protein p107 from a transcriptional repressor to a transcriptional activator of the androgen receptor and E2F1.
Extreme event statistics of daily rainfall: Dynamical systems approach
Creators: name: Yalcin, G. Cigdem
name: Rabassa, Pau
name: Beck, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the probability densities of daily rainfall amounts at a variety of locations on the Earth. The observed distributions of the amount of rainfall fit well to a q-exponential distribution with exponent q close to q=1.3. We discuss possible reasons for the emergence of this power law. On the contrary, the waiting time distribution between rainy days is observed to follow a near-exponential distribution. A careful investigation shows that a q-exponential with q=1.05 yields actually the best fit of the data. A Poisson process where the rate fluctuates slightly in a superstatistical way is discussed as a possible model for this. We discuss the extreme value statistics for extreme daily rainfall, which can potentially lead to flooding. This is described by Frechet distributions as the corresponding distributions of the amount of daily rainfall decay with a power law. On the other hand, looking at extreme event statistics of waiting times between rainy days (leading to droughts for very long dry periods) we obtain from the observed near-exponential decay of waiting times an extreme event statistics close to Gumbel distributions. We discuss superstatistical dynamical systems as simple models in this context.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures. Replaced by final version published in J.Phys.A
Persistente Identifikatoren für Open Source GIS
Creators: name: Löwe, Peter
name: Löwner, Ralf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Dieser Werkstattbericht gibt einen aktuellen Überblick zum bereits erreichten Stand bei der Einführung von persistenten Identifikatoren (PID) und dem resultierenden praktischen Nutzen für Anwender:innen und Entwickler:innen durch die OSGeo-Projekte, sowie eine Vorschau auf die nächsten Herausforderungen und Nutzen durch neue Einsatzszenarios für die Projektcommunities und speziell Code Committer die in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und Lehre aktiv sind, sowie Studierende. Der FOSS GIS e.V. ist Teil der Gemeinschaft von Open Source Softwareprojekten, die in der Open Source Geospatial Foundation (OSGeo) global organisiert ist ( und eine wachsende Zahl von qualitätsgesicherten Open-Source-Softwaretools für die Geoinformation pflegt und entwickelt).
 Der FOSSGIS und die OSGeo unterstützen das wissenschaftliche Paradigma von Open Science (Open Source Software, Open Data, Open Access, Open Educational Resources) und die FAIR-Prinzipien (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable). Die Open Source GIS Projekte der OSGeo sind dabei selbst Innovationstreiber, profitieren aber auch von Fortschritten auf technischer Infrastrukuren in verwandten Gebieten, etwa Open Access und Forschungsdatenrepositorien zur Umsetzung von Open Science und FAIR.
 Dieser Werkstattbericht gibt einen aktuellen Überblick zum bereits erreichten Stand bei der Einführung von persistenten Identifikatoren (PID) und dem resultierenden praktischen Nutzen für Anwender:innen und Entwickler:innen durch die OSGeo-Projekte, sowie eine Vorschau auf die nächsten Herausforderungen und Nutzen durch neue Einsatzszenarios für die Projektcommunities und speziell Code Committer die in der wissenschaftlichen Forschung und Lehre aktiv sind, sowie Studierende.
 Die persistente Referenzierung durch PID wurde 2014 von FOSSGIS und OSGeo für wissenschaftliche Videos aufgegriffen. Seit 2017 wurde dieser Ansatz von einer wachsenden Zahl von OSGeo-Softwareprojekten auch für die wissenschaftliche Zitierung von Software-Repositories, einzelnen Software-Versionen und beteiligten Personen eingesetzt. Dies ermöglicht eine greifbare wissenschaftliche Anerkennung der ehrenamtlichen Mitarbeit in Open Source GIS Projekten und wird sich voraussichtlich auf die Arbeitsabläufe des OSGeo und der Wissenschaft auswirken.
(3921) Mary Hunter Carswell
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Correlated Study of Optical and X-ray Afterglows of GRBs
Creators: name: Li, Liang
name: Wu, Xue-Feng
name: Huang, Yong-Feng
name: Wang, Xiang-Gao
name: Tang, Qing-Wen
name: Liang, Yun-Feng
name: Zhang, Bin-Bin
name: Wang, Yu
name: Geng, Jin-Jun
name: Liang, En-Wei
name: Wei, Jian-Yan
name: Zhang, Bing
name: Ryde, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an extensive sample of 87 GRBs for which there are well sampled and simultaneous optical and X-ray light-curves. We extract the cleanest possible signal of the afterglow component, and compare the temporal behaviors of the X-ray light-curve, observed by Swift XRT, and optical data, observed by UVOT and ground-based telescopes for each individual burst. Overall we find 62\% GRBs that are consistent with the standard afterglow model. When more advanced modeling is invoked, up to 91\% of the bursts in our sample may be consistent with the external shock model. A large fraction of these bursts are consistent with occurring in a constant interstellar density medium (ISM) (61\%) while only 39\% of them occur in a wind-like medium. Only 9 cases have afterglow light-curves that exactly match the standard fireball model prediction, having a single power law decay in both energy bands which are observed during their entire duration. In particular, for the bursts with chromatic behavior additional model assumptions must be made over limited segments of the light-curves in order for these bursts to fully agree with the external shock model. Interestingly, for 54\% of the X-ray and 40\% of the optical band observations the end of the shallow decay ($t^{\sim-0.5}$) period coincides with the jet break ($t^{\sim-p}$) time, causing an abrupt change in decay slope. The fraction of the burst that consistent with the external shock model is independent of the observational epochs in the rest frame of GRBs. Moreover, no cases can be explained by the cooling frequency crossing the X-ray or optical band.
description: 58 pages, 131 figures and 7 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
Three Ridgeia piscesae assemblages from a single Juan de Fuca Ridge sulphide edifice: structurally different and functionally similar
Creators: name: GOVENAR, Breea W.
name: BERGQUIST, Derk C.
name: URCUYO, Istvan A.
name: ECKNER, James T.
name: FISHER, Charles R.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2002

Abstract
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptor 2 (Ror2) Expression Creates a Poised State of Wnt Signaling in Renal Cancer
Creators: name: Walker, Matthew P.
name: Major, Michael Ben
name: Rasmussen, Neal R.
name: Rathmell, W. Kimryn
name: Sendor, Adam B.
name: Hacker, Kathryn E.
name: Debebe, Zufan
name: Green, Jennifer
name: Wright, Tricia M.
name: Wahl, Geoffrey M.
name: Brooks, Samira A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 (Ror2) has been identified in an increasing array of tumor types and is known to play a role as an important mediator of Wnt signaling cascades. In this study, we aimed to clarify Ror2 interactions with the Wnt pathways within the context of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). An examination of Ror2 expression in primary human RCC tumors showed a significant correlation with several Wnt signaling genes, including the classical feedback target gene Axin2. We provide evidence that Ror2 expression results in a partially activated state for canonical Wnt signaling through an increased signaling pool of β-catenin, leading to an enhancement of downstream target genes following Wnt3a stimulation in both renal and renal carcinoma-derived cells. Additionally, inhibition of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) with either siRNA or dickkopf decreased the response to Wnt3a stimulation, but no change was seen in the increased β-catenin pool associated with Ror2 expression, suggesting that LRP6 cofactor recruitment is necessary for a Wnt3a-induced signal but that it does not participate in the Ror2 effect on β-catenin signaling. These results highlight a new role for Ror2 in conveying a tonic signal to stabilize soluble β-catenin and create a poised state of enhanced responsiveness to Wnt3a exogenous signals in RCC.
Cosmic variance in the nanohertz gravitational wave background
Creators: name: Roebber, Elinore
name: Holder, Gilbert
name: Holz, Daniel
name: Warren, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use large N-body simulations and empirical scaling relations between dark matter halos, galaxies, and supermassive black holes to estimate the formation rates of supermassive black hole binaries and the resulting low-frequency stochastic gravitational wave background (GWB). We find this GWB to be relatively insensitive ($\lesssim10\%$) to cosmological parameters, with only slight variation between WMAP5 and Planck cosmologies. We find that uncertainty in the astrophysical scaling relations changes the amplitude of the GWB by a factor of $\sim 2$. Current observational limits are already constraining this predicted range of models. We investigate the Poisson variance in the amplitude of the GWB for randomly-generated populations of supermassive black holes, finding a scatter of order unity per frequency bin below 10 nHz, and increasing to a factor of $\sim 10$ near 100 nHz. This variance is a result of the rarity of the most massive binaries, which dominate the signal, and acts as a fundamental uncertainty on the amplitude of the underlying power law spectrum. This Poisson uncertainty dominates at $\gtrsim 20$ nHz, while at lower frequencies the dominant uncertainty is related to our poor understanding of the astrophysical scaling relations, although very low frequencies may be dominated by uncertainties related to the final parsec problem and the processes which drive binaries to the gravitational wave dominated regime. Cosmological effects are negligible at all frequencies.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Recruitment of Nox4 to a Plasma Membrane Scaffold Is Required for Localized Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and Sustained Src Activation in Response to Insulin-like Growth Factor-I
Creators: name: Xi, Gang
name: Wai, Christine
name: Clemmons, David R.
name: Shen, Xin Chun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Nox4-derived ROS is increased in response to hyperglycemia and is required for IGF-I-stimulated Src activation. This study was undertaken to determine the mechanism by which Nox4 mediates sustained Src activation. IGF-I stimulated sustained Src activation, which occurred primarily on the SHPS-1 scaffold protein. In vitro oxidation experiments indicated that Nox4-derived ROS was able to oxidize Src when they are in close proximity, and Src oxidation leads to its activation. Therefore we hypothesized that Nox4 recruitment to the plasma membrane scaffold SHPS-1 allowed localized ROS generation to mediate sustained Src oxidation and activation. To determine the mechanism of Nox4 recruitment, we analyzed the role of Grb2, a component of the SHPS-1 signaling complex. We determined that Nox4 Tyr-491 was phosphorylated after IGF-I stimulation and was responsible for Nox4 binding to the SH2 domain of Grb2. Overexpression of a Nox4 mutant, Y491F, prevented Nox4/Grb2 association. Importantly, it also prevented Nox4 recruitment to SHPS-1. The role of Grb2 was confirmed using a Pyk2 Y881F mutant, which blocked Grb2 recruitment to SHPS-1. Cells expressing this mutant had impaired Nox4 recruitment to SHPS-1. IGF-I-stimulated downstream signaling and biological actions were also significantly impaired in Nox4 Y491F-overexpressing cells. Disruption of Nox4 recruitment to SHPS-1 in aorta from diabetic mice inhibited IGF-I-stimulated Src oxidation and activation as well as cell proliferation. These findings provide insight into the mechanism by which localized Nox4-derived ROS regulates the sustained activity of a tyrosine kinase that is critical for mediating signal transduction and biological actions.
 13 C signature of hydrothermal mussels is related with the end-member fluid concentrations of H2S and CH4 at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge hydrothermal vent fields
Creators: name: COLAÇO, Ana
name: DEHAIRS, Frank
name: DESBRUYÈRES, Daniel
name: LE BRIS, Nadine
name: SARRADIN, Pierre-Marie
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2002

Abstract
(3916) Agnes Roberts
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Combination of experimental and computational approaches: Recent developments in catalytic organic and bioorganic reactions
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry

description: In the last few decades, catalyzed organic and bioorganic reactions have attracted much attention in chemical and pharmaceutical researches. Recently, the design of novel catalysts and enzymes are in much demands to circumvent certain intractable synthetic problems
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Phospholipase C from a Novel High-throughput Screen
Creators: name: Harden, T. Kendall
name: Sondek, John
name: Hajicek, Nicole
name: Barrett, Matthew
name: Zhang, Qisheng
name: Hicks, Stephanie
name: Huang, Weigang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes are important signaling molecules, but few small molecule modulators are available to pharmacologically regulate their function. With the goal of developing a general approach for identification of novel PLC inhibitors, we developed a high-throughput assay based on the fluorogenic substrate reporter WH-15. The assay is highly sensitive and reproducible: screening a chemical library of 6280 compounds identified three novel PLC inhibitors that exhibited potent activities in two separate assay formats with purified PLC isozymes in vitro. Two of the three inhibitors also inhibited G protein-coupled receptor-stimulated PLC activity in intact cell systems. These results demonstrate the power of the high-throughput assay for screening large collections of small molecules to identify novel PLC modulators. Potent and selective modulators of PLCs will ultimately be useful for dissecting the roles of PLCs in cellular processes, as well as provide lead compounds for the development of drugs to treat diseases arising from aberrant phospholipase activity.
LES CYCLES GÉNITAUX D'ASTERINA GIBBOSA P.
Creators: name: BRUSLÉ, Jacques
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1969

description: Histological studies in gonads of Asterina gibbosa coming from different regions, all through seasons, lead to distinguish a number of genital patterns in four categories. The complex character of the sexuality is deducted.
The chronological sexual evolution is allowed from breedings. Annual and cyclic genital development, all through the life of animals, gives characteristics about proterandric, simultaneous and protérogynie hermaphrodites, permanent females and permanent males.
Degree of precocity and steadiness in production of ovogenetic and spermato- genetic inductions for giving rise to genital ripeness or to sex reversal shows variable characters in relation with geographical sexual races.
Structural Determinants of Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor Gating
Creators: name: Xu, Le
name: Mei, Yingwu
name: Samsó, Montserrat
name: Ramachandran, Srinivas
name: Chakraborty, Asima
name: Meissner, Gerhard
name: Dokholyan, Nikolay V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores upon nerve impulse to trigger skeletal muscle contraction. Effector binding at the cytoplasmic domain tightly controls gating of the pore domain of RyR1 to release Ca2+. However, the molecular mechanism that links effector binding to channel gating is unknown due to lack of structural data. Here, we used a combination of computational and electrophysiological methods and cryo-EM densities to generate structural models of the open and closed states of RyR1. Using our structural models, we identified an interface between the pore-lining helix (Tyr-4912–Glu-4948) and a linker helix (Val-4830–Val-4841) that lies parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane leaflet. To test the hypothesis that this interface controls RyR1 gating, we designed mutations in the linker helix to stabilize either the open (V4830W and T4840W) or closed (H4832W and G4834W) state and validated them using single channel experiments. To further confirm this interface, we designed mutations in the pore-lining helix to stabilize the closed state (Q4947N, Q4947T, and Q4947S), which we also validated using single channel experiments. The channel conductance and selectivity of the mutations that we designed in the linker and pore-lining helices were indistinguishable from those of WT RyR1, demonstrating our ability to modulate RyR1 gating without affecting ion permeation. Our integrated computational and experimental approach significantly advances the understanding of the structure and function of an unusually large ion channel.
Entanglement Dynamics of Molecular Exciton States in Coupled Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Jennings, Cameron
name: Scheibner, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically model the electronic dynamics of a coupled quantum dot pair in a static electric field. We then investigate the possibility of polarization-entangled photon emission from the radiative cascade of the molecular biexciton state. Through numerical simulations, we analyze the dependence of entanglement fidelity on temperature and electric field, as well as tunnel coupling. We establish a regime of direct-indirect exciton detunings for which coupled quantum dots are superior to single dots for entangled photon generation, yielding near-unit fidelity over a larger range of exchange splittings.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
(3918) Annie Allan Horn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The use of stable isotopes and mixing models to determine the feeding habits of soft-bottom fishes in the southern Gulf of California
Creators: name: TRIPP-VALDEZ, Arturo
name: ARREGUÍN-SÁNCHEZ, Francisco
name: ZETINA-REJÓN, Manuel J.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2015

description: Recently, stable-isotope analyses have been coupled with mixing models to determine trophic relationships by identifying the most important types of prey and assessing their relative contribution to the diet. This method has advantages over stomach-content analysis and is emerging as a powerful tool to determine trophic relationships. We analysed the stable-isotope ratios of 15N and carbon 13C in the muscle tissue of 19 soft-bottom fish species found in shrimp- fishing bycatch along the coast of Nayarit, Mexico. An elemental analyser was used, connected to an isotope-ratio mass spectrometer. We processed the isotope data with a Bayesian mixing models using SIAR model. We identified five trophic guilds (crustacean eaters, fish eaters, molluscs eaters, echinoderms eaters and crustacean-fish eaters) based on their principal prey types. Crustacean consumers were the dominant group. The calculated trophic levels of the five guilds ranged from 3.1 to 4.8. Stable-isotope analyses coupled with mixing models are useful in determining diets and trophic relationships and can be used to analyse the trophic webs of some ecosystems.
New Directions in Diagnostics for Aortic Aneurysms: Biomarkers and Machine Learning
Creators: name: Akerman, Adam W.
name: Ikonomidis, John S.
name: Alexander, Kyle C.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: This review article presents an appraisal of pioneering technologies poised to revolutionize the diagnosis and management of aortic aneurysm disease, with a primary focus on the thoracic aorta while encompassing insights into abdominal manifestations. Our comprehensive analysis is rooted in an exhaustive survey of contemporary and historical research, delving into the realms of machine learning (ML) and computer-assisted diagnostics. This overview draws heavily upon relevant studies, including Siemens’ published field report and many peer-reviewed publications. At the core of our survey lies an in-depth examination of ML-driven diagnostic advancements, dissecting an array of algorithmic suites to unveil the foundational concepts anchoring computer-assisted diagnostics and medical image processing. Our review extends to a discussion of circulating biomarkers, synthesizing insights gleaned from our prior research endeavors alongside contemporary studies gathered from the PubMed Central database. We elucidate the prevalent challenges and envisage the potential fusion of AI-guided aortic measurements and sophisticated ML frameworks with the computational analyses of pertinent biomarkers. By framing current scientific insights, we contemplate the transformative prospect of translating fundamental research into practical diagnostic tools. This narrative not only illuminates present strides, but also forecasts promising trajectories in the clinical evaluation and therapeutic management of aortic aneurysm disease.
(3919) John Roberts
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Many unstable particles from an open quantum systems perspective
Creators: name: Smolinski, Kordian Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We postulate a master equation, written in the language of creation and annihilation operators, as a candidate for unambiguous quantum mechanical description of unstable particles. We have found Kraus representation for the evolution driven by this master equation and study its properties. Both Schroedinger and Heisenberg picture of the system evolution are presented. We show that the resulting time evolution leads to exponential decay law. Moreover, we analyse mixing of particle flavours and we show that it can lead to flavour oscillation phenomenon.
description: 15 pp., 2 figs
(3915) Katherine [Hodge]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.