cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: InVitro-Q: A High-throughput Biosensor Used to Evaluate the Mechanism of Phagocytosis of Macrophages Using Different Particles
Creators: name: Abdou, Marynawal
name: Dewilde, Abiche H.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: The method of phagocytosis of a particle can provide information on how macrophages respond to a detected particle. The response elicited varies based on the nature of the particle and in turn changes which receptor-mediated phagocytosis is initiated. We have developed a multi-well cell-based sensor that can monitor real-time biological changes in living cells, such as mass redistribution, and viscoelasticity. This system provides unique kinetic information regarding the phenotypic change in the cells post treatment. As a proof of principle study, we evaluate macrophage phagocytosis using three different particles: latex beads, Zymosan A, and Staphylococcus aureus. These studies show the InVitro-Q’s ability to distinguish and differentiate the unique physiological method of macrophage phagocytosis of an indigestible particle (latex beads), and digestible particles of different origins (Zymosan A (yeast cell wall) and S. aureus (wood bacteria). The real-time data generated illustrates the unique phenotypic signatures of macrophages in response to particle specific phagocytosis. The traces then dictate time points at which visualization will occur, and guides the elucidation of the mechanism of action.
Large-eddy simulations of isolated disc galaxies with thermal and turbulent feedback
Creators: name: Braun, Harald
name: Schmidt, Wolfram
name: Niemeyer, Jens C.
name: Almgren, Ann S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a subgrid-scale model for the Multi-phase Interstellar medium, Star formation, and Turbulence (MIST) and explore its behaviour in high-resolution large-eddy simulations of isolated disc galaxies. MIST follows the evolution of a clumpy cold and a diffuse warm component of the gas within a volume element which exchange mass and energy via various cooling, heating and mixing processes. The star formation rate is dynamically computed from the state of the gas in the cold phase. An important feature of MIST is the treatment of unresolved turbulence in the two phases and its interaction with star formation and feedback by supernovae. This makes MIST a particularly suitable model for the interstellar medium in galaxy simulations. We carried out a suite of simulations varying fundamental parameters of our feedback implementation. Several observational properties of galactic star formation are reproduced in our simulations, such as an average star formation efficiency ~1%, a typical velocity dispersion around ~10 km/s in star-forming regions, and an almost linear relationship between the column densities of star formation and dense molecular gas.
description: 21 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication by MNRAS
title: Altered Baroreflex-Mediated Cardiovascular Responses to Acute Hypotension in Heart Failure Patients Compared to Healthy Adults
Creators: name: Drew, Rachel C.
name: Lindblad, Chelsea N.
name: Samii, Soraya M.
name: Blaha, Cheryl A.
name: White, Michael J.
name: Sinoway, Lawrence I.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Patients with heart failure (HF) exhibit baroreflex dysfunction, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Orthostatic hypotension, a decrease in blood pressure (BP) upon standing, is a condition that often occurs in HF, and may be linked with altered baroreflex responsiveness in this population. However, data on baroreflex-mediated cardiovascular responses to acute hypotension in HF patients are limited. Therefore, 8 HF patients (7 men; mean±SEM 65±3y; ejection fraction 30.5±3.1%) and 7 healthy control (CON) adults (6 men; 65±2y) underwent 7.5 minutes of unilateral lower-limb ischemia via inflation of a thigh cuff on one leg to non-pharmacologically induce acute hypotension upon cuff deflation. Beat-to-beat systolic BP, diastolic BP, and mean arterial BP (MAP; photoplethysmographic finger cuff) and heart rate (HR; electrocardiogram) were recorded continuously before, during, and after cuff inflation. Statistical analysis involved independent-samples t-tests. Baseline values were not different between groups (systolic BP: 128±8 vs. 128±4mmHg; diastolic BP: 73±3 vs. 82±5mmHg; MAP: 90±3 vs. 97±4mmHg; HR: 62±2 vs. 56±2b.min-1 for HF and CON, respectively; P>0.05). The magnitude of the induced decrease in MAP was similar in both groups (HF -11±1 vs. CON -12±2mmHg; P>0.05). However, the time-to-peak MAP decrease was significantly longer in HF compared to CON (HF 11±2 vs. CON 6±1s; PP>0.05). However, the time-to-peak HR increase was longer in HF compared to CON (HF 9±1 vs. CON 6±1s; P<0.05). The magnitude of the resultant HR increase was not different between groups (HF 2±1 vs. CON 4±1mmHg; P>0.05). However, the time-to-peak HR increase was longer in HF compared to CON (HF 9±1 vs. CON 6±1s; P<0.05). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that in response to acute hypotension, HF patients exhibit prolonged hypotension and a delayed tachycardic response. These findings suggest that baroreflex-mediated cardiovascular responses to acute hypotension are altered in HF compared to CON, which may be linked to the higher occurrence of orthostatic hypotension experienced in this population.
title: Measuring Changes in Brain Metabolite Levels Using Live-animal Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Offline LC-MS Metabolomics in a Binge-ethanol Murine Model
Creators: name: Dubuke, Michelle L.
name: Poirier, Guillaume L.
name: Payne, Laurellee
name: Lim, Arlene
name: Mandrekar, Pranoti
name: Moore, Constance M.
name: King, Jean A.
name: Shaffer, Scott A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Alcoholism and acute alcohol binge are significant public health concerns. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics is a robust and sensitive technique for determining and quantifying transient or permanent biochemical changes within the central nervous system (CNS). However, access to human tissue and CNS biofluid for such analyses is limited in a clinical context. In-vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an attractive alternative for clinical measurement but currently the technique is limited to a small to a number of well-characterized, highly abundant analytes. We therefore seek to correlate LC-MS and MRS measurements to better understand and leverage the strengths of each.

Following live animal MRS measurement, metabolites in hippocampal brain punch homogenates were quantified by LC-MS, and a Spearman’s correlation coefficient was calculated. We found that the measurements for glutamine and glutamate,, were significantly correlated. Other established neurochemicals, including NAA and aspartate, showed non-significant correlations. NAAG showed little correlation between the two measurements. Additional experiments are ongoing to resolve these discrepancies, and determine how to achieve better agreement between the two methods. In addition,, we used Elements (Proteome Software) to determine differentially expressed metabolites between ethanol exposed and control mice.. An initial pass shows more than 1000 peak-picked features identified in the two conditions, with approximately 200 analytes identified in the metabolite database (human) based on accurate mass. Differentially expressed candidates can be validated further using tandem mass spectrometry and, where possible, the use of authentic standards. Metabolites that change after binge ethanol exposure are reported along with an overview of comparing MRS with LC-MS datasets.
Warum Sponsoren in Bildung und nicht nur in Banden investieren sollten
Creators: name: Nufer, Gerd
name: Bühler, André
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Marketing , Sport
subject: 330
subject: Sportmanagement
subject: Sportmarketing
subject: Sport marketing
subject: Sport management

description: Die meisten Manager-Jobs im Bundesliga-Fußball gehen an ehemalige Spieler. Also an Männer, die ihr Leben früh dem Fußball gewidmet und auf eine spezifische Sportmanagement-Ausbildung verzichtet haben. Bei den Vereinen findet heute ein Umdenken statt – ein ersten Club bietet durch ein Konzept ganz neue Möglichkeiten: Der VfB Stuttgart hat mit der "VfB Stuttgart Akademie" ein regionales Netzwerk für Bildung geschaffen, das in Deutschland einzigartig ist. Das Flaggschiff der VfB Stuttgart Akademie ist der sogenannte "VfB-Master", ein berufsbegleitendes Masterstudium namens "MBA Leadership and Sports Management", das eigens für die VfB Stuttgart Akademie von der HfWU Nürtingen-Geislingen und dem Deutschen Institut für Sportmarketing in enger Abstimmung mit dem VfB Stuttgart maßgeschneidert entwickelt wurde und das die beiden Themen Sport und Wirtschaft auf außergewöhnliche Art und Weise miteinander verknüpft.
title: Survivors of an Acute Coronary Syndrome with Lower Patient Activation Are More Likely to Experience Declines in Health-Related Quality of Life
Creators: name: Erskine, Nathaniel A.
name: Gandek, Barbara L.
name: Waring, Molly E.
name: Kinney, Rebecca L.
name: Lessard, Darleen M.
name: Devereaux, Randolph S.
name: Chrysanthopoulou, Stavroula A.
name: Kiefe, Catarina I.
name: Goldberg, Robert J.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Background: Patient activation comprises the knowledge, skills, and confidence for self-care, and may lead to better health outcomes.

Objectives: We examined the relationship between patient activation and changes in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following hospitalization for an acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: We studied patients from 6 medical centers in central Massachusetts and Georgia who had been hospitalized for an ACS between 2011 and 2013. At 1 month after hospital discharge, patients completed the 6-item Patient Activation Measure and were categorized into 4 levels of activation. Multinomial logistic regression analyses compared activation level with clinically meaningful changes (≥ 3.0 points generic, ≥10.0 points disease-specific) in generic physical (SF-36 PCS), generic mental (SF-36 MCS), and disease-specific (Seattle Angina Questionnaire, SAQ) HRQOL from 1 to 3 and 1 to 6 months after hospitalization, adjusting for potential sociodemographic and clinical confounders.

Results: Patients (n=1,042) were on average 62 years old, 34% female, and 87% non-Hispanic white. Overall, 10% were in the lowest level of activation. Patients with the lowest activation had 1.95 (95% CI: 1.05, 3.62) and 2.18 (95% CI: 1.17, 4.05) times the odds of experiencing clinically significant declines in MCS and SAQ QOL scores, respectively, between 1 and 6 months than the most activated patients. Patient activation level was not associated with meaningful changes in PCS scores.

Conclusions: Hospital survivors of an ACS with lower activation may be more likely to experience declines in mental and disease-specific HRQOL than more activated patients, identifying a group at risk of poor outcomes.
Gewaltverherrlichung in dem PlayStation 3-Spiel Der Pate: Die Don Edition: Expertise im Rahmen des Forschungsprojektes "Alterseinstufung von Computerspielen durch die USK"
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Regine
name: Klinkhammer, David
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Jugendschutz , Computerspiel
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Download von https://kfn.de/publikationen/kfn-forschungsberichte
Entwicklung der Jugenddelinquenz und ausgewählter Bedingungsfaktoren seit 1998 in den Städten Hannover, München, Stuttgart und Schwäbisch Gmünd
Creators: name: Baier, Dirk
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Jugendkriminalität , Drogenkonsum , Schulversäumnis , Familie , Medien
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Download von https://kfn.de/publikationen/kfn-forschungsberichte
INSON HUQUQLARINI HIMOYA QILISH MASALALARI
Creators: name: O'roqov, Mardonbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Mamlakatimizda inson huquqlari qay darajada olib borilayotganligi inson huquqlarini hurmat qilish va himoya qilish adolatli jamiyatni barpo etishning muhim jihati hisoblanadi. Inson huquqlarini himoya qilish tinchlik va barqarorlikni ta'minlashda muhim ro'l o'ynaydi. Inson huquqlarini himoya qilish hukumatlar va jamiyatlarning muhim burchidir.
"Jetzt bin ich so alt und das hört nicht auf": Sexuelle Viktimisierung im Alter
Creators: name: Görgen, Thomas
name: Newig, Antje
name: Nägele, Barbara
name: Herbst, Sandra
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Sexuelle Belästigung , Älterer Mensch
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Download von https://kfn.de/publikationen/kfn-forschungsberichte
MPEC 2023-P27 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 August 7)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Empathie und Delinquenz
Creators: name: Hosser, Daniela
name: Beckurts, Dana
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Einfühlung , Kriminalität , Kriminologie
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Download von https://kfn.de/publikationen/kfn-forschungsberichte
title: Identification and Characterization of Human Monoclonal Antibodies for Immunoprophylaxis against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Creators: name: Giuntini, Serena
name: Stoppato, Matteo
name: Ejemel, Monir
name: Wisheart, Danielle
name: Klempner, Mark S.
name: Wang, Yan
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Background. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infections are the major cause of diarrheal morbidity among children living in developing countries. ETEC mediates small intestine adherence through bacterial adhesion followed by production of enterotoxins that induce diarrhea. Currently there is no vaccine available for ETEC. One of the most predominant adhesin of pathogenic ETEC strains is colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I). The CFA/I adhesion tip, CfaE, is required for ETEC binding to human intestinal cells and colonization. Human antibodies against CfaE have potential to block colonization of ETEC and serve as a potent immunoprophylactic against ETEC-related diarrhea.

Methods. A panel of human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies (HuMAbs) were generated against CfaE. The antibodies were tested in vitro for blockage of bacterial adhesion to intestinal cells and in vivo for inhibition of bacterial colonization in the ileum. Antibody epitope analysis were performed using BioLuminate software (Schrodinger, Inc.), followed by mutagenesis of the predicted residues located in the antibody/CfaE interface and in-vitro binding assays.

Results. The lead IgG1 anti-CfaE HuMAbs blocked 50% of adhesion of ETEC bacterial cells to human intestinal cells at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 1.3 ug/ml. In vivo studies revealed 2 to 4 log decrease in colony forming units in the small intestine when the bacteria were pre-incubated with anti-CfaE MAbs as compared to an irrelevant isotype control. In silico epitope analysis revealed critical residues involved in the MAbs interaction with CfaE. Two of the leads HuMabs recognize epitopes sequence conserved across other 6 major adhesins.

Conclusions. We have identified a panel of fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies against CfaE protein of ETEC. These antibodies are capable of blocking in vitro and in vivo ETEC adhesion to intestinal cells at low concentrations. Two lead antibodies recognizing sequence conserved epitopes have the potential for cross-protection against multiple ETEC strains.
Optical Feshbach resonances through a molecular dark state: Efficient manipulation of $p$-wave resonances in fermionic $^{171}$Yb atoms
Creators: name: Saha, Subrata
name: Rakshit, Arpita
name: Chakraborty, Debashree
name: Pal, Arpita
name: Deb, Bimalendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent experiment by Yamazaki {\it et al.} [Phys.Rev. A {\bf 87} 010704 (R) (2013) ], $p$-wave optical Feshbach resonance in fermionic $^{171}$Yb atoms using purely long-range molecular excited states has been demonstrated. We theoretically show that, if two purely long range excited states of $^{171}$Yb are coupled to the ground-state continuum of scattering states with two lasers, then it is possible to significantly suppress photoassociative atom loss by a dark resonance in the excited states. We present a general theoretical framework for creating a dark state in electronically excited molecular potential for the purpose of increasing the efficiency of an optical Feshbach resonance. This can be accomplished by properly adjusting the relative intensity, phase, polarizations and frequency detunings of two lasers. We present selective numerical results on atom loss spectra, $p$-wave elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections of $^{171}$Yb atoms to illustrate the effects of the molecular dark state on optical Feshbach resonance.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in Phys. Rev. A
title: Functional vs. Traditional Resistance Training: Affective Response and Exercise Enjoyment in College-Age Females
Creators: name: Faro, Jamie
name: Whiteley, Jessica
name: Hayman, Laura L.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: As young women enter college-age, their rates of physical activity decrease while rates of psychological distress increase. Resistance training (RT) has been shown to have positive effects on the musculoskeletal system, glucose metabolism, body fat, insulin resistance, blood pressure, resting metabolic rate and psychological health. Within the types of RT, there is increased interest in functional resistance training (FRT), which uses multi-joint full-body movements; however few studies have been conducted to date examining FRT in college-aged females. Preliminary evidence indicates FRT leads to increases in fitness and may address the barriers common to traditional RT including embarrassment, enjoyment and concerns of masculinity. The purpose of this study is to compare affective responses, enjoyment, and self-efficacy between FRT and traditional resistance training (TRT) in college-age females. A randomized crossover experimental design in which each participant will experience both types of training in a random order is being conducted. Thirty-four females will be recruited to complete 2 sessions for each type of training, including a familiarization session where they will perform a 10-repetition maximum (RM) test for 8 exercises, followed by an assessment session with 2 sets of 10 repetitions for each exercise. Statistical analysis will include correlational test and paired t-tests to assess relationships between type of training and outcome variables of interest. It is hypothesized that females will experience greater enjoyment, positive affect and self-efficacy as well as decreased state anxiety in the FRT group as compared to the TRT group. Data collection is currently underway and preliminary results will be reported.
title: Principles of Augmentative and Alternative Communication System Design in the ICU Setting
Creators: name: Goldberg, Miriam A.
name: Hochberg, Leigh R.
name: Carpenter, Dawn
name: Isenberger, Johnny L.
name: Heard, Stephen O.
name: Walz, J. Matthias
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: The ICU as a technology design setting requires specific and thoughtful awareness of patient-, caregiver-, and environment-related constraints. Designing an ICU-specific communication system involves an even deeper understanding of patient needs and desires, building on existing work exploring available technologies for use in this setting1,2. We report our initial experience from a pilot study with a novel communication device engineered specifically to allow mechanically ventilated ICU patients to communicate with caregivers3.

Methods: We used a validated survey for nurses about communication purposes to explore relevant beliefs, attitudes, and desires of nurses4. Existing technologies available for communication assistance in the ICU – e.g., letter boards, writing on paper, and mouthing words – were analyzed. Suggestions about the content for an eventual communication system were collected. ICU-specific design requirements were noted, including adherence to infection control standards, accessibility to restrained patients, and availability to patients with motor weakness, contractures, edema, tremor, and/or neuropathy. In addition, the system must include a minimal learning curve,

Results: Initial testing in the ICU has revealed additional considerations for technology design. For instance, many patients have visual impairments, so displays should be large and high-contrast. Furthermore, patients benefit from a very short teaching/demo process due to their short attention span. Additionally, leveraging interfaces with significant similarities to everyday systems appears to reduce confusion. Nurses also mentioned that the system should be accessible to at least some non-English-speaking patients. Finally, physical deficits that ICU patients experience require that manually operated devices be as flexible as possible in terms of type of manipulation required.

Conclusions: ICU patients are in significant need of communication systems that meet their unique needs. Building such a system requires awareness of many different constraints, including both general heterogeneity of patient needs and capabilities and the constraints of the ICU setting itself.
Stochastic Block Smooth Graphon Model
Creators: name: Sischka, Benjamin
name: Kauermann, Göran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: In this article, we propose combining the stochastic blockmodel and the smooth graphon model, two of the most prominent modeling approaches in statistical network analysis. Stochastic blockmodels are generally used for clustering networks into groups of actors with homogeneous connectivity behavior. Smooth graphon models, on the other hand, assume that all nodes can be arranged on a one-dimensional scale such that closeness implies a similar behavior in connectivity. Both frameworks belong to the class of node-specific latent variable models, entailing a natural relationship. While these two modeling concepts have developed independently, this article proposes their generalization toward stochastic block smooth graphon models. This combined approach enables to exploit the advantages of both worlds. Employing concepts of the EM-type algorithm allows to develop an appropriate estimation routine, where MCMC techniques are used to accomplish the E-step. Simulations and real-world applications support the practicability of our novel method and demonstrate its advantages. The article is accompanied by supplementary material covering details about computation and implementation.
Viktimisierung im Alter und in der häuslichen Pflege: Wege in ein schwieriges Forschungsfeld: Befragungsinstrumente der Studie "Kriminalität und Gewalt im Leben alter Menschen"
Creators: name: Görgen, Thomas
name: Rabold, Susann
name: Herbst, Sandra
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Viktimisierung , Hauspflege , Alter
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Download von https://kfn.de/publikationen/kfn-forschungsberichte
title: Understanding the Structure of Amyloid Fibrils using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to Design New Therapeutic Strategies for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Creators: name: Gokalp, Sumeyra
name: Foster, Michelle
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Amyloid fibrils are misfolded proteins that are irreversible once they are formed. In human beings, there are different kinds of proteins that form into amyloid fibrils and are associated with several degenerative diseases. For example, insulin, Huntington, Amyloid β-42 and α- synuclein proteins are linked with Type-2 Diabetes, Huntington’s, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, respectively. The mechanism for the misfolding and creation of the fibrils is thought to be the same for all of these proteins. Hen Egg White Lysozyme (HEWL) is a low-cost and widely recognized model protein to work with to help us understand the mechanisms of amyloid fibrillogenesis. The aim of this project is to denature the lysozyme protein using different kinds of methods, acidic and basic conditions. We will investigate the mechanisms of growth of lysozyme amyloid fibrils under these conditions over a two-week period using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). AFM provides a topographical image of the fibrils bound to a mica substrate. Examining the AFM images taken after different incubation times and thus at various stages of growth, will allow us to analyze their morphological parameters, such as length, width, and height, to better understand the growth mechanisms of amyloid fibrils. It is thought that a drug can be designed to be able to stop progression of the disease by removing the amyloid fibrils or preventing further buildup. Knowing the structure of the amyloid fibrils makes it possible to understand how it contributes to neurodegenerative diseases and how it could be treated with a specific drug or other therapy.
Jugendmedienschutz bei gewalthaltigen Computerspielen: Eine Analyse der USK-Alterseinstufungen
Creators: name: Höynck, Theresia
name: Mößle, Thomas
name: Kleimann, Matthias
name: Pfeiffer, Christian
name: Rehbein, Florian
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Jugendschutz , Computerspiel
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Download von https://kfn.de/publikationen/kfn-forschungsberichte
Thermodynamically self-consistent non-stochastic micromagnetic model for the ferromagnetic state
Creators: name: Dvornik, Mykola
name: Vansteenkiste, Arne
name: Van Waeyenberge, Bartel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, a self-consistent thermodynamic approach to micromagnetism is presented. The magnetic degrees of freedom are modeled using the Landau-Lifshitz-Baryakhtar theory, that separates the different contributions to the magnetic damping, and thereby allows them to be coupled to the electron and phonon systems in a self-consistent way. We show that this model can quantitatively reproduce ultrafast magnetization dynamics in Nickel.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Molecular ferroelectric contributions to anomalous hysteresis in hybrid perovskite solar cells
Creators: name: Frost, Jarvist M.
name: Butler, Keith T.
name: Walsh, Aron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a model describing the molecular orientation disorder in CH3NH3PbI3, solving a classical Hamiltonian parametrised with electronic structure calculations, with the nature of the motions informed by ab-initio molecular dynamics. We investigate the temperature and static electric field dependence of the equilibrium ferroelectric (molecular) domain structure and resulting polarisability. A rich domain structure of twinned molecular dipoles is observed, strongly varying as a function of temperature and applied electric field. We propose that the internal electrical fields associated with microscopic polarisation domains contribute to hysteretic anomalies in the current--voltage response of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells due to variations in electron-hole recombination in the bulk.
description: 10 pages; 4 figures, 2 SI figures
Magnetic properties of materials for MR engineering, micro-MR and beyond
Creators: name: Wapler, Matthias C
name: Leupold, Jochen
name: Dragonu, Iulius
name: von Elverfeld, Dominik
name: Zaitsev, Maxim
name: Wallrabe, Ulrike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a systematic measurement of the magnetic susceptibility of small material samples in a 9.4 T MRI scanner. We measured many of the most widely used materials in MR engineering and MR micro technology, including various polymers, optical and substrate glasses, resins, glues, photoresists, PCB substrates and some fluids. Based on our data, we identify particularly suitable materials with susceptibilities close to water. For polyurethane resins and elastomers, we also show the MR spectra, as they may be a good substitute for silicone elastomers and good casting resins.
description: 18 pages, 7 tables, 4 figures. Final author manuscript, accepted in JMR
title: Testing a Novel Manual Communication System for Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients
Creators: name: Goldberg, Miriam A.
name: Hochberg, Leigh R.
name: Carpenter, Dawn
name: Isenberger, Johnny L.
name: Heard, Stephen O.
name: Walz, J. Matthias
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: Available communication methods for intubated patients in the ICU are insufficient to meet patient needs. Both ICU patients and their care providers report broadly unsuccessful communication attempts, resulting in less effective medical care and undue stress1,2. Use of existing methods - including letter boards, writing, and mouthing words - for mechanically ventilated (MV) patients has led to a consensus that new methods are required3. We report on the testing of a new system designed to address the communication needs of MV patients that is currently being tested in a low- to medium- acuity surgical ICU4.

Methods: We have developed several generations of prototypes designed to address patient communication needs. Design of this device has focused on ICU-specific communication needs, including ICU-specific content, infection control, simple design, and capitalizing on motor movements that can be easily performed by most ICU patients. Initial testing, starting with non-MV patients able to give more detailed feedback, has begun in a low- to medium- acuity surgical ICU. Recently developed prototypes combine custom-built tablet software, focusing on the needs that nurses believe patients wish to express in the ICU setting, with a newly designed manually operated access device. The system produces visual and auditory output to allow patients to answer basic questions and effectively convey information.

Results: Initial patient impressions are encouraging, particularly among patients who have recently experienced mechanical ventilation. Many patients are unfamiliar with tablet software or struggle with manual dexterity required to access the tablet screen directly, further indicating the need for an external access method as part of the system. The content suggested by nurses via a previously conducted survey has been confirmed by patients as relevant to their experience.

Conclusions: A novel manually operated communication system has elicited both positive reviews and helpful feedback from patients.
Ehrenamtliche im Justizvollzug: Eine Befragung unter niedersächsischen Vollzugshelfern
Creators: name: Lehmann, Alexandra
name: Möller, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Niedersachsen , Strafvollzug , Ehrenamtliche Tätigkeit
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Download von https://kfn.de/publikationen/kfn-forschungsberichte
Small Municipality Development Strategies from a Sustainability Perspective
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community Relations
Social Responsibility
Social Justice
Sustainable Development

description: This case involves a civil engineer working for a small municipality faced with a common development dilemma -- how to remain economically viable in order to control growth and avoid merger with neighboring municipalities. The engineer is asked to evaluate development strategies and recommend a course of action to the town council. Town A has turned its downtown into an antique mall, and is focusing on the redevelopment of brownfield areas. Town B has implemented progressive growth management policies, and is pursuing aggressive annexation and industrial recruitment. The engineer must consider the social, economic, and political motivations, as well as environmental and geographical factors, which led to these radically different plans. Deena Murphy-Medley, North Carolina State University, Joseph R. Herkert, North Carolina State University, and Thomas Martin Wiggins, North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources.
Plane correlations and hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Teaney, Derek
name: Yan, Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a nonlinear response formalism to describe the event plane correlations measured by the ATLAS collaboration. With one exception ($\left\langle \cos(2Ψ_2 - 6Ψ_3 + 4 Ψ_4) \right\rangle$), the event plane correlations are qualitatively reproduced by considering the linear and quadratic response to the lowest cumulants. For the lowest harmonics such as $\left\langle \cos(2Ψ_2+3Ψ_3 - 5Ψ_5) \right\rangle$, the correlations are quantitatively reproduced, even when the naive Glauber model prediction has the wrong sign relative to experiment. The quantitative agreement for the higher plane correlations (especially those involving $Ψ_6$) is not as good. The centrality dependence of the correlations is naturally explained as an average of the linear and quadratic response.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Gewalttätigkeit bei deutschen und nichtdeutschen Jugendlichen – Befunde der Schülerbefragung 2005 und Folgerungen für die Prävention
Creators: name: Baier, Dirk
name: Pfeiffer, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Gewalttätigkeit , Prävention , Jugend
subject: 360

description: Zweitveröffentlichung. Download von https://kfn.de/publikationen/kfn-forschungsberichte
title: Pericardial Fat Thickness Increases with Greater Burden of Adverse Metabolic Factors Among Adults with Normal-Range Body Mass Index: The Framingham Heart Study
Creators: name: Gona, Philimon N.
name: Lee, Jane J.
name: Oyama-Manabe, Noriko
name: Salton, Carol J.
name: Manning, Warren J.
name: Chuang, Michael L.
name: O'Donnell, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: Greater burden of pericardial fat is associated with increased body mass index (BMI). Obesity is associated with unfavorable metabolic characteristics such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance. We sought to determine whether unfavorable metabolic profile alone, in the absence of excess BMI, was itself associated with increased pericardial fat thickness (PFT).

Methods: From the 1,794 Framingham Offspring cohort adults who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), we identified 446 free of non-skin cancer and prevalent clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) who had 18.5≤BMI2and complete covariates. We calculated a metabolic score (MS) based on ATPIII criteria where 1 point was assigned for each of: a) fasting glucose≥100 mg/dL or diabetes; b) SBP≥130 or DBP≥85 mmHg or antihypertensive treatment; c) triglycerides≥150 mg/dL; d) HDL cholesterol <40(M)/<50(W) mg/dL or lipid-lowering treatment; e) HOMA-IR≥2.5; f) waist circumference ≥102(M)/ ≥88(W) cm. Participants were stratified as MS0 (no points), MS1 (1point), MS2 (2points) or MS3+ (≥3points). PFT over the right ventricle (RV) was measured at the RV apex, at mid-ventricle and at maximal thickness from breathhold cine SSFP CMR in the 4-chamber view at end-diastole. The RV was selected because pericardial fat is commonly and well visualized over the RV. Analysis of covariance adjusted for sex, age, and BMI, was used to compare MS1, MS2 and MS3+ groups to the MS0 group. We further tested for linear trend across MS groups.

Results: PFT increased with worsening metabolic score at the fixed locations of the apical and mid-level RV, as well as at maximal PFT. On pairwise comparisons, only the MS3+ group had PFT that was consistently significantly greater than that of MS0.

Conclusions: In a community-dwelling cohort, among participants who were free of cancer and clinical CVD and had normal-range or BMI, worsening metabolic profile was associated with increased pericardial fat thickness.
Kriminalitätswahrnehmung und Punitivität in der Bevölkerung – Welche Rolle spielen die Massenmedien?: Ergebnisse der Befragung zu Kriminalitätswahrnehmung und Strafeinstellungen 2004 und 2006
Creators: name: Windzio, Michael
name: Simonson, Julia
name: Pfeiffer, Christian
name: Kleimann, Matthias
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Kriminalitätseinschätzung , Medienkonsum
subject: 360

description: Der vorliegende Forschungsbericht fasst die bisherigen Ergebnisse von zwei Panelwellen ei-ner vom KFN in Zusammenarbeit mit TNS Infratest durchgeführten Bevölkerungsbefragung zusammen. Thematisiert werden insbesondere die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Muster der Me-diennutzung auf die von der Bevölkerung vermutete Entwicklung der Kriminalität jeweils in den letzten zehn Jahren sowie auf das Bedürfnis nach härteren Strafen. Im Gegensatz zu den Entwicklungstrends der Tatverdächtigenbelastungsziffern seit 1993, die einen Rückgang der Kriminalität insgesamt sowie in zahlreichen Kernbereichen registrieren, vermutete die große Mehrheit der Befragten einen starken Anstieg der Kriminalität. Bisherige multivariate Analysen ergaben auch unter Konstanthalten von Drittvariablen deutliche Zu-sammenhänge dieser Fehleinschätzung mit bestimmten Mustern der Mediennutzung. Des Weiteren konnten wir feststellen, dass das Ausmaß dieser Fehleinschätzung auch das Bedürf-nis nach härteren Strafen erhöhte. Den empirischen Analysen vorgeschaltet sind einige Überlegungen zur Frage, warum und in welcher Form Massenmedien das Thema Kriminalität aufgreifen, sowie zu möglichen Wir-kungen des Medienkonsums auf die Rezipienten. Unterstellt wird, dass die Massenmedien bei der Definition von Ereignissen als Nachricht ihren eigenen Selektionskriterien folgen und damit (unintendiert) einer Fehlinformation der Bevölkerung Vorschub leisten. Allerdings ist dabei nicht von einem einfachen Sender-Empfänger-Modell auszugehen, sondern von kom-plexeren Wirkungszusammenhängen, die auch moderierende Eigenschaften und bewusste Selektionsentscheidungen der Rezipienten berücksichtigen.
Nuclear Autumn, Nuclear Winter
Creators: name: Powell, Jibreel
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear
subject: Cold War
subject: Carl Sagan
subject: Nuclear Winter
subject: The Day After
subject: Apocalypse

description: This essay seeks to trace the contours of American nuclear anxiety as it changed, evolved and ultimately waned in the early 1980s, focusing primarily on two media events which occurred during the autumn of 1983: the announcement of the “nuclear winter” hypothesis and the airing of the television movie “The Day After.” I use these events as points of departure from which to investigate the relationship between mass media, political agency and the emotional response of despair. This analysis is supplemented by an exploration of polling data from the latter part of the Cold War, through which I highlight the changing nature of the the American relationship to nuclear fear as a highly mediated one. Wholly informed by contemporary concerns around climate change, this thesis ultimately aims to address the relationship between apocalyptic visions of disaster and the ability of an individual to effect meaningful change in a time of crisis.
Exportation of Risk: The Case of Bhopal
Publisher: name: Online Ethics Center
Year: 2006
Subjects: Catastrophes, Hazards, Disasters
Environmental Justice
Ethics and Society
Lab and Workplace Safety
Public Health and Safety
Public Well-being
Research and Practice
Social Justice

description: This case examines the 1984 catastrophe arising from a chemical leak at a Union Carbide Corporation plant in Bhopal, India, which resulted in the death of as many as 3,000 and injury to thousands more, from the standpoint of exporting risk from industrialized to developing countries. The case, which includes comparisons with Bhopal's sister plant in Institute, West Virginia, considers the moral responsibility for preventing such tragedies on the part of multinational corporations, the governments of the industrialized nations where they are head quartered, and the governments of developing countries where they operate.

The moral responsibilities of engineers and scientists working for these organizations are also considered.
title: Frequent Cannabis Users Have Reduced Odds for Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Creators: name: Adejumo, Adeyinka
name: Onyeakusi, Nnaemeka
name: Alliu, Samson
name: Ojelabi, Ogooluwa A.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Background: Cannabis is the world's most widely used illicit drug. Though marijuana use has been revealed to impact the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity - established risk factors for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD), it's relationship with NAFLD remains unknown.

Aim: We sought to investigate the association between cannabis use and NAFLD.

Methods: From the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) survey data, we retrieved data from individuals aged 20 to 60 years who had an abdominal ultrasound for evaluation for hepatic steatosis (n=10,682). We then identified three cannabis use groups: never used before (never users, 62.22%), no use in the past month (infrequent users, 29.76%), and multiple uses in the past month (frequent users, 7.91%). After eliminating gender-specific severe alcohol consumption to recognize individuals with NAFLD (18.12%), we controlled for age, gender, race, BMI, DM to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for having NAFLD on the frequency of cannabis use (SAS 9.4).

Results: When compared to never users of marijuana, unlike infrequent users who had no difference in the odds of NAFLD, frequent cannabis users had a 52% reduced odds for the disease (AOR: 0.95[0.76-1.18] & 0.48[0.35-0.66]). Frequent cannabis users also had a 52% lower odds of NAFLD when compared to infrequent users (AOR: 0.51[0.34-0.75]). Compared to Non-Hispanic Whites, Non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics respectively had 35% reduced and 58% increased odds of NAFLD (0.66[0.52-0.83) & 1. 58[1.26-1.99]). Females had a 31% lower odds for NAFLD (0.69[0.58-0.82]). Every percentage unit rise in glycated hemoglobin was associated with a 27% increased odds for NAFLD (1.27[1.17-1.38])

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that frequent cannabis use is associated with a lower odds of NAFLD. More powerful longitudinal studies are required to confirm these novel observations and to provide deeper insight into the modulation of NAFLD by cannabis use.
Low fine tuning in the MSSM with higgsino dark matter and unification constraints
Creators: name: Kowalska, Kamila
name: Roszkowski, Leszek
name: Sessolo, Enrico Maria
name: Trojanowski, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the issue of fine tuning in the MSSM with GUT-scale boundary conditions. We identify specific unification patterns and mass relations that can lead to a significant lowering of the fine tuning due to gauginos, scalars, and the μ parameter, relative to the simplest unification conditions. We focus on a phenomenologically interesting region that is favored by the Higgs mass and the relic density where the dark matter is a nearly pure higgsino with mass given by μ~1 TeV while the scalars and gauginos have masses in the multi-TeV regime. There, we find that the fine tuning can be reduced to the level of a few percent. Despite the gluino mass in the ballpark of 2 TeV, resulting mass spectra will be hard to explore at the LHC, but good prospects for detection come from dark matter direct detection experiments. Finally, we demonstrate with a specific example how the conditions and mass relations giving low fine tuning can originate in the context of supergravity and Grand Unified Theories.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures. Figure 2 added, minor changes. Version published in JHEP
title: Teen Distracted Reality an Interactive Virtual Education (D.R.I.V.E.): Experience and Impact on Teenage Drivers
Creators: name: Green, Jonathan
name: Keefe, Gregory
name: Damle, Rachelle N.
name: Nazarey, Pradeep P.
name: Aidlen, Jeremy T.
name: Manno, Mariann M.
name: Hirsh, Michael P.
Publisher: name: eScholarship@UMMS
Year: 2017

description: Introduction: In 2013, 2,163 teens in the United States ages 16–19 were killed and 243,243 were treated in emergency departments for injuries from motor vehicle crashes. distracted driving (i.e. texting, loud music, or phone conversations) and impaired driving (driving under the influence) play a role in these motor vehicle crashes. Prevention efforts aimed at high-risk teenager driving behavior may encourage safe driving habits.

Methods: The Teen D.R.I.V.E. program is a mobile driving simulator that provides teenagers with distracted and impaired driving scenarios. We administered anonymous surveys from April 2015-April 2016 to obtain demographic data and evaluate the program’s impact on their driving behavior. We retrospectively analyzed survey responses using univariate and multivariate statistical analysis.

Results: A total of 1374 participants in the survey, however, 50 did not respond to the driving experience portion of the survey. Most participants (70%) were between 16-17 years of age years old and 51% were males. A majority (76%) of respondents had driving experience (26% permit, and 46% license) or had attended a driver’s education course (67%). After experiencing the simulation respondents felt that the consequences of driving distracted (53%) and driving impaired (61%) were worse than previously expected. In addition, participants said that they would never drive distracted (70%) or drive impaired (90%). A majority of participants (72%) feel that simulation is the most effective way to teach driving related topics.

Conclusion: Teen D.R.I.V.E. offers a valuable experience to teenagers, teaching them about the dangers of driving distracted and impaired. Participants are likely to never drive impaired compared or distracted. Most teenagers feel simulation teaches these driving lessons most effectively.