cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gravitational Stability of Circumnuclear Disks in Elliptical Galaxies
Creators: name: Kawata, Daisuke
name: Cen, Renyue
name: Ho, Luis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A significant fraction of nearby elliptical galaxies are known to have high density gas disks in their circumnuclear (CN) region (0.1 to a few kpc). Yet, ellipticals, especially luminous ones, show little signs of recent star formation (SF). To investigate the possible cause of the dearth of SF in these systems, we study the gravitational stability of CN gas disks embedded within the potentials of both the stellar bulge and the central massive black hole (BH) in ellipticals. We find that CN disks in higher mass galaxies are generally more stable than those in lower mass galaxies, because higher mass galaxies tend to have more massive BHs and more centrally concentrated stellar density profiles. We also consider the case in which the central stellar density profile has a core, which is often observed for ellipticals whose total stellar mass is higher than about 10^11 Msun. Such a cored stellar density profile leads to more unstable CN disks than the power-law density profile characteristic of less massive galaxies. However, the more massive BHs in high-mass galaxies act to stabilize the CN disk. Our results demonstrate that the gravitational potentials of both the central BH and the stellar component should be taken into account when studying the properties of CN disks, as their stability is sensitive to both the BH mass and the stellar density profile. Our results could explain the observed trend that less luminous ellipticals have a greater tendency to exhibit ongoing SF than giant ellipticals.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
On dust evolution in planet-forming discs in binary systems. II -- Comparison with Taurus and $ρ$ Ophiuchus (sub-)millimetre observations: discs in binaries have small dust sizes
Creators: name: Zagaria, Francesco
name: Rosotti, Giovanni P.
name: Lodato, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently discovered exoplanets in binary or higher-order multiple stellar systems sparked a new interest in the study of proto-planetary discs in stellar aggregations. Here we focus on disc solids, as they make up the reservoir out of which exoplanets are assembled and dominate (sub-)millimetre disc observations. These observations suggest that discs in binary systems are fainter and smaller than in isolated systems. In addition, disc dust sizes are consistent with tidal truncation only if they orbit very eccentric binaries. In a previous study we showed that the presence of a stellar companion hastens the radial migration of solids, shortening disc lifetime and challenging planet formation. In this paper we confront our theoretical and numerical results with observations: disc dust fluxes and sizes from our models are computed at ALMA wavelengths and compared with Taurus and $ρ$ Ophiuchus data. A general agreement between theory and observations is found. In particular, we show that the dust disc sizes are generally smaller than the binary truncation radius due to the combined effect of grain growth and radial drift: therefore, small disc sizes do not require implausibly high eccentricities to be explained. Furthermore, the observed binary discs are compatible within $1σ$ with a quadratic flux-radius correlation similar to that found for single-star discs and show a close match with the models. However, the observational sample of resolved binary discs is still small and additional data are required to draw more robust conclusions on the flux-radius correlation and how it depends on the binary properties.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Video and Text Matching with Conditioned Embeddings
Creators: name: Ali, Ameen
name: Schwartz, Idan
name: Hazan, Tamir
name: Wolf, Lior
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method for matching a text sentence from a given corpus to a given video clip and vice versa. Traditionally video and text matching is done by learning a shared embedding space and the encoding of one modality is independent of the other. In this work, we encode the dataset data in a way that takes into account the query's relevant information. The power of the method is demonstrated to arise from pooling the interaction data between words and frames. Since the encoding of the video clip depends on the sentence compared to it, the representation needs to be recomputed for each potential match. To this end, we propose an efficient shallow neural network. Its training employs a hierarchical triplet loss that is extendable to paragraph/video matching. The method is simple, provides explainability, and achieves state-of-the-art results for both sentence-clip and video-text by a sizable margin across five different datasets: ActivityNet, DiDeMo, YouCook2, MSR-VTT, and LSMDC. We also show that our conditioned representation can be transferred to video-guided machine translation, where we improved the current results on VATEX. Source code is available at https://github.com/AmeenAli/VideoMatch.
Что такое планирование и как его организовать?
Creators: name: Istomin, Ruben
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: план, планирование

description: Планирование – это деятельность, связанная с определением целей и задач определенного проекта. Подготовив детальный план, привлекая нужных людей и используя правильные шаблоны таблиц для планирования https://ganttpro.com/ru/gantt-chart-template/ , вы сможете быстро привести свой проект к успеху и признанию.
Digital Volvelles
Creators: name: pedro, celeste
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Visual arts
subject: Philology/history
subject: Philosophy/history
subject: Diagrams
subject: Volvelles

description: Volvelles, or wheel charts, are a diagrammatical archetype of information visualisation used to compute combinations of words/concepts, images/other visual signs, or even sounds. Volvelles have a history of more than eight-hundred years and they are often created as interactive devices.
SUSY-QCD Corrections to Dark Matter Annihilation in the Higgs Funnel
Creators: name: Herrmann, B.
name: Klasen, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the full O(alpha_s) SUSY-QCD corrections to dark matter annihilation in the Higgs-funnel, resumming potentially large mu tan beta and A_b contributions and keeping all finite O(m_b,s,1/tan^2 beta) terms. We demonstrate numerically that these corrections strongly influence the extraction of SUSY mass parameters from cosmological data and must therefore be included in common analysis tools such as DarkSUSY or micrOMEGAs.
description: 4 pages, 3 (partly color) figures, version to be published in PRD
The TEXES Survey For H2 Emission From Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Bitner, M. A.
name: Richter, M. J.
name: Lacy, J. H.
name: Herczeg, G. J.
name: Greathouse, T. K.
name: Jaffe, D. T.
name: Salyk, C.
name: Blake, G. A.
name: Hollenbach, D. J.
name: Doppmann, G. W.
name: Najita, J. R.
name: Currie, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of a search for pure rotational molecular hydrogen emission from the circumstellar environments of young stellar objects with disks using the Texas Echelon Cross Echelle Spectrograph (TEXES) on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility and the Gemini North Observatory. We searched for mid-infrared H2 emission in the S(1), S(2), and S(4) transitions. Keck/NIRSPEC observations of the H2 S(9) transition were included for some sources as an additional constraint on the gas temperature. We detected H2 emission from 6 of 29 sources observed: AB Aur, DoAr 21, Elias 29, GSS 30 IRS 1, GV Tau N, and HL Tau. Four of the six targets with detected emission are class I sources that show evidence for surrounding material in an envelope in addition to a circumstellar disk. In these cases, we show that accretion shock heating is a plausible excitation mechanism. The detected emission lines are narrow (~10 km/s), centered at the stellar velocity, and spatially unresolved at scales of 0.4 arcsec, which is consistent with origin from a disk at radii 10-50 AU from the star. In cases where we detect multiple emission lines, we derive temperatures > 500 K from ~1 M_earth of gas. Our upper limits for the non-detections place upper limits on the amount of H2 gas with T > 500 K of less than a few Earth masses. Such warm gas temperatures are significantly higher than the equilibrium dust temperatures at these radii, suggesting that the gas is decoupled from the dust in the regions we are studying and that processes such as UV, X-ray, and accretion heating may be important.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures, 5 tables, ApJ accepted
Isometric embeddings into the Minkowski space and new quasi-local mass
Creators: name: Wang, Mu-Tao
name: Yau, Shing-Tung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The definition of quasi-local mass for a bounded space-like region in space-time is essential in several major unsettled problems in general relativity. The quasi-local mass is expected to be a type of flux integral on the boundary two-surface and should be independent of whichever space-like region it bounds. An important idea which is related to the Hamiltonian formulation of general relativity is to consider a reference surface in a flat ambient space with the same first fundamental form and derive the quasi-local mass from the difference of the extrinsic geometries. This approach has been taken by Brown-York and Liu-Yau (see also related works) to define such notions using the isometric embedding theorem into the Euclidean three-space. However, there exist surfaces in the Minkowski space whose quasilocal mass is strictly positive. It appears that the momentum information needs to be accounted for to reconcile the difference. In order to fully capture this information, we use isometric embeddings into the Minkowski space as references. In this article, we first prove an existence and uniqueness theorem for such isometric embeddings. We then solve the boundary value problem for Jang's equation as a procedure to recognize such a surface in the Minkowski space. In doing so, we discover new expression of quasi-local mass. The new mass is positive when the ambient space-time satisfies the dominant energy condition and vanishes on surfaces in the Minkowski space. It also has the nice asymptotic behavior at spatial and null infinity. Some of these results were announced in [29].
description: 33 pages, final version. to appear in Comm. Math. Phys
Evolution of Phase-Space Density in Dark Matter Halos
Creators: name: Hoffman, Yehuda
name: Romano-Diaz, Emilio
name: Shlosman, Isaac
name: Heller, Clayton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the phase-space density profile in dark matter (DM) halos is investigated by means of constrained simulations, designed to control the merging history of a given DM halo. Halos evolve through a series of quiescent phases of a slow accretion intermitted by violent events of major mergers. In the quiescent phases the density of the halo closely follows the NFW profile and the phase-space density profile, Q(r), is given by the Taylor & Navarro power law, r^{-beta}, where beta ~ 1.9 and stays remarkably stable over the Hubble time. Expressing the phase-space density by the NFW parameters, Q(r)=Qs (r/Rs)^{-beta}, the evolution of Q is determined by Qs. We have found that the effective mass surface density within Rs, Sigma_s = rhos Rs, remains constant throughout the evolution of a given DM halo along the main branch of its merging tree. This invariance entails that Qs ~ Rs^{-5/2} and Q(r) ~ Sigma_s^{-1/2} Rs^{-5/2} (r/ Rs)^{-beta}. It follows that the phase-space density remains constant, in the sense of Qs=const., in the quiescent phases and it decreases as Rs^{-5/2} in the violent ones. The physical origin of the NFW density profile and the phase-space density power law is still unknown. Yet, the numerical experiments show that halos recover these relations after the violent phases. The major mergers drive Rs to increase and Qs to decrease discontinuously while keeping Qs Rs^{5/2} = const. The virial equilibrium in the quiescent phases implies that a DM halos evolves along a sequence of NFW profiles with constant energy per unit volume (i.e., pressure) within Rs.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted by the Astrophysical Journal. Revised, 2 figures added
High-Redshift Galaxy Kinematics: Constraints on Models of Disk Formation
Creators: name: Robertson, Brant E.
name: Bullock, James S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integral field spectroscopy of galaxies at redshift z~2 has revealed a population of early-forming, rotationally-supported disks. These high-redshift systems provide a potentially important clue to the formation processes that build disk galaxies in the universe. A particularly well-studied example is the z=2.38 galaxy BzK-15504, which was shown by Genzel et al. (2006) to be a rotationally supported disk despite the fact that its high star formation rate and short gas consumption timescale require a very rapid acquisition of mass. Previous kinematical analyses have suggested that z~2 disk galaxies like BzK-15504 did not form through mergers because their line-of-sight velocity fields display low levels of asymmetry. We perform the same kinematical analysis on a set of simulated disk galaxies formed in gas-rich mergers of the type that may be common at high redshift, and show that the remnant disks display low velocity field asymmetry and satisfy the criteria that have been used to classify high-redshift galaxies as disks observationally. Further, we compare one of our remnants to the bulk properties of BzK-15504 and show that it has a star formation rate, gas surface density, and a circular velocity-to-velocity dispersion ratio that matches BzK-15504 remarkably well. We suggest that observations of high-redshift disk galaxies like BzK-15504 are consistent with the hypothesis that gas-rich mergers play an important role in disk formation at high redshift.
description: Accepted by ApJL
Proof of the zeroth law of turbulence in one-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamics and shock heating
Creators: name: David, Vincent
name: Galtier, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The zeroth law is one of the oldest conjecture in turbulence that is still unproven. Here, we consider weak solutions of one-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamics and demonstrate that the lack of smoothness of the fields introduces a new dissipative term, named inertial dissipation, into the expression of energy conservation that is neither viscous nor resistive in nature. We propose exact solutions assuming that the kinematic viscosity and the magnetic diffusivity are equal, and we demonstrate that the associated inertial dissipation is positive and equal on average to the mean viscous dissipation rate in the limit of small viscosity, proving the conjecture of the zeroth law of turbulence and the existence of an anomalous dissipation. As an illustration, we evaluate the shock heating produced by discontinuities detected by Voyager in the solar wind around 5 AU. We deduce a heating rate of $\sim 10^{-18}$J m$^{-3}$ s$^{-1}$, which is significantly higher than the value obtained from the turbulent fluctuations. This suggests that collisionless shocks can be a dominant source of heating in the outer solar wind.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
#DESIGNATIVISTA: entrelaçamentos entre arte e comunicação no ativismo gráfico virtual
Creators: name: Pianowski, Fabiane
Publisher: name: Labfront/UEMG
Year: 2023

description: No século 21, com a popularização da internet, o ativismo gráfico passa também a ocupar as redes sociais. No espaço digital, a poética visual e gráfica associa-se a convocatórias e hashtags relacionadas às questões emergentes da contemporaneidade (direitos humanos, políticas, ambientais, étnico-raciais, espirituais, religiosas, de gêneros, de sexualidades etc.), em que se destaca, por exemplo, a iniciativa do coletivo Design Ativista (#designativista), idealizado pela Mídia NINJA –rede de comunicação independente e colaborativa– em parceria com Ideafixa, plataforma digital de serviços em design visual, cenografia, animação e fotografia. Neste sentido, a pesquisa se propõe a cartografar o ativismo gráfico virtual sob a etiqueta #designativista, na tentativa de compreender os entrelaçamentos entre poesia visual e design gráfico, arte e comunicação da produção compartilhada. A cartografia proposta não pretende, e nem poderia, ser exaustiva ou panorâmica, restringe-se a conectar episódios e práticas dispersas e fragmentadas que serão encontradas nas deambulações virtuais da proponente.
Higgs boson from the meta-stable SUSY breaking sector
Creators: name: Bai, Yang
name: Fan, JiJi
name: Han, Zhenyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a calculable model of electroweak symmetry breaking in which the Higgs doublet emerges from the meta-stable SUSY breaking sector as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson. The Higgs boson mass is further protected by the little Higgs mechanism, and naturally suppressed by a two-loop factor from the SUSY breaking scale of 10 TeV. Gaugino and sfermion masses arise from standard gauge mediation, but the Higgsino obtains a tree-level mass at the SUSY breaking scale. At 1 TeV, aside from new gauge bosons and fermions similar to other little Higgs models and their superpartners, our model predicts additional electroweak triplets and doublets from the SUSY breaking sector.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure; two paragraphs added to clarify the scales in our model; final version in PRD
The geometry of twisted conjugacy classes in wreath products
Creators: name: Taback, Jennifer
name: Wong, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E45 (Primary), 20E08, 20F65, 55M20 (Secondary)

description: We give a geometric proof based on recent work of Eskin, Fisher and Whyte that the lamplighter group $L_n$ has infinitely many twisted conjugacy classes for any automorphism $\vp$ only when $n$ is divisible by 2 or 3, originally proved by Gonçalves and Wong. We determine when the wreath product $G \wr \Z$ has this same property for several classes of finite groups $G$, including symmetric groups and some nilpotent groups.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
First robotic monitoring of a lensed quasar: intrinsic variability of SBS 0909+532
Creators: name: Goicoechea, L. J.
name: Shalyapin, V. N.
name: Koptelova, E.
name: Gil-Merino, R.
name: Zheleznyak, A. P.
name: Ullan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To go into the details about the variability of the double quasar SBS 0909+532, we designed a monitoring programme with the 2 m Liverpool Robotic Telescope in the r Sloan filter, spanning 1.5 years from 2005 January to 2006 June. The r-band light curves of the A and B components, several cross-correlation techniques and a large number of simulations (synthetic light curves) lead to a robust delay of 49 +/- 6 days (1-sigma interval) that agrees with our previous results (the B component is leading). Once the time delay and the magnitude offset are known, the magnitude- and time-shifted light curve of image A is subtracted from the light curve of image B. This difference light curve of SBS 0909+532 is consistent with zero, so any possible extrinsic signal must be very weak, i.e., the observed variability in A and B is basically due to observational noise and intrinsic signal. We then make the combined light curve and analyse its statistical properties (structure functions). The structure function of the intrinsic luminosity is fitted to predictions of simple models of two physical scenarios: accretion disc instabilities and nuclear starbursts. Although no simple model is able to accurately reproduce the observed trend, symmetric triangular flares in an accretion disc seems to be the best option to account for it.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables (including information on the robotic monitoring and the final fluxes). Accepted for publication in New Astronomy
Scale Dependent Galaxy Bias in the SDSS as a function of Luminosity and Colour
Creators: name: Cresswell, James G.
name: Percival, Will J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been known for a long time that the clustering of galaxies changes as a function of galaxy type. This galaxy bias acts as a hindrance to the extraction of cosmological information from the galaxy power spectrum or correlation function. Theoretical arguments show that a change in the amplitude of the clustering between galaxies and mass on large-scales is unavoidable, but cosmological information can be easily extracted from the shape of the power spectrum or correlation function if this bias is independent of scale. Scale-dependent bias is generally small on large scales, k<0.1 h.Mpc^{-1}, but on smaller scales can affect the recovery of Ω_m.h from the measured shape of the clustering signal, and have a small effect on the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations. In this paper we investigate the transition from scale-independent to scale-dependent galaxy bias as a function of galaxy population. We use the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR5 sample to fit various models, which attempt to parametrise the turn-off from scale-independent behaviour. For blue galaxies, we find that the strength of the turn-off is strongly dependent on galaxy luminosity, with stronger scale-dependent bias on larger scales for more luminous galaxies. For red galaxies, the scale-dependence is a weaker function of luminosity. Such trends need to be modelled in order to optimally extract the information available in future surveys, and can help with the design of such surveys.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures. Minor revisions to match version version accepted by MNRAS. Some alterations to Fig.5 to reflect improved analysis
Anomalous charge transport of superconducting Cu$_{x}$PdTe$_2$ under high pressure
Creators: name: Yang, H.
name: Hooda, M. K.
name: Yadav, C. S.
name: Hrabovsky, D.
name: Gauzzi, A.
name: Klein, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of high-pressure resistivity measurements on single crystals, we investigate the charge transport properties of Cu$_x$PdTe$_2$, notable for the combination of topological type-II Dirac semimetallic properties with superconductivity up to $T_c = 2.5$ K. In both cases of pristine ($x = 0$) and intercalated ($x=0.05$) samples, we find an unconventional $T^4$ power law behavior of the low-temperature resistivity visible up to $\sim$40 K and remarkably stable under pressure up to 8.2 GPa. This observation is explained by the low carrier density $n$, which strongly reduces the $k$-region available for electron-phonon scattering, as previously reported in other low-$n$ two-dimensional systems, such as multilayer graphene and semiconductor heterostructures. Our data analysis complemented by specific heat measurements and supported by previous quantum oscillation studies and \textit{ab initio} calculations suggests a scenario of one-band charge transport. Within this scenario, our analysis yields a large value of transport electron-phonon coupling constant $λ_{tr} = 1.2$ at ambient pressure that appears to be strongly enhanced by pressure assuming a constant effective mass.
Generation of entanglement between quantum dot molecule with the presence of phonon effects in a voltage-controlled junction
Creators: name: Afsaneh, Elaheh
name: Harouni, Malek Bagheri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the generation of entanglement through a quantum dot molecule under the influence of vibrational phonon modes in a bias voltage junction. The molecular quantum dot system is realized by coupled quantum dots inside a suspended carbon nanotube. We consider the dynamical entanglement as a function of bias voltage and temperature by taking into account the electron-phonon interaction. In order to generate the robust entanglement between quantum dots and preserve it to reach the maximal achievable amount steadily, we introduce an asymmetric coupling protocol and apply the easy tunable bias voltage-driven field. For an oscillating bias voltage, the time-varying entanglement can periodically reach the maximum revival. In thermal entanglement dynamics, the phenomena of thermal entanglement degradation and thermal entanglement revival are observed which are intensively affected by the strength of phonon decoherence. The revival of entanglement shows a larger value for a higher phonon coupling.
Rotating Motion of the Outflow of IRAS 16293-2422 A1 at its Origin Point near the Protostar
Creators: name: Oya, Yoko
name: Watanabe, Yoshimasa
name: López-Sepulcre, Ana
name: Ceccarelli, Cécilia
name: Lefloch, Bertrand
name: Favre, Cecile
name: Yamamoto, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Class 0 protostar IRAS 16293$-$2422 Source A is known to be a binary system (A1 and A2) or even a multiple system, which processes a complex outflow structure. We have observed this source in the C$^{34}$S, SO, and OCS lines at 3.1 mm with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). A substructure of this source is traced by our high angular-resolution observation (0\farcs12; 20 au) of the continuum emission. The northwest-southeast (NW-SE) outflow on a 2\arcsec\ scale is detected in the SO ($J_N$ = $2_2$--$1_1$) line. Based on the morphology of the SO distribution, this bipolar outflow structure seems to originate from the protostar A1 and its circumstellar disk, or the circummultiple structure of Source A. The rotation motion of the NW-SE outflow is detected in the SO and OCS emissions. We evaluate the specific angular momentum of the outflowing gas to be $(8.6 - 14.3) \times 10^{-4}$ km s$^{-1}$ pc. If the driving source of this outflow is the protostar A1 and its circumstellar disk, it can be a potential mechanism to extract the specific angular momentum of the disk structure. These results can be a hint for the outflow launching mechanism in this source. Furthermore, they provide us with an important clue to resolve the complicated structure of IRAS 16293$-$2422 Source A.
description: 48 pages, 8 figs
Revisiting the Uniform Information Density Hypothesis
Creators: name: Meister, Clara
name: Pimentel, Tiago
name: Haller, Patrick
name: Jäger, Lena
name: Cotterell, Ryan
name: Levy, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The uniform information density (UID) hypothesis posits a preference among language users for utterances structured such that information is distributed uniformly across a signal. While its implications on language production have been well explored, the hypothesis potentially makes predictions about language comprehension and linguistic acceptability as well. Further, it is unclear how uniformity in a linguistic signal -- or lack thereof -- should be measured, and over which linguistic unit, e.g., the sentence or language level, this uniformity should hold. Here we investigate these facets of the UID hypothesis using reading time and acceptability data. While our reading time results are generally consistent with previous work, they are also consistent with a weakly super-linear effect of surprisal, which would be compatible with UID's predictions. For acceptability judgments, we find clearer evidence that non-uniformity in information density is predictive of lower acceptability. We then explore multiple operationalizations of UID, motivated by different interpretations of the original hypothesis, and analyze the scope over which the pressure towards uniformity is exerted. The explanatory power of a subset of the proposed operationalizations suggests that the strongest trend may be a regression towards a mean surprisal across the language, rather than the phrase, sentence, or document -- a finding that supports a typical interpretation of UID, namely that it is the byproduct of language users maximizing the use of a (hypothetical) communication channel.
Transient Heavy Element Absorption Systems in Novae: Episodic Mass Ejection from the Secondary Star
Creators: name: Williams, Robert
name: Mason, Elena
name: Della Valle, Massimo
name: Ederoclite, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high-resolution spectroscopic survey of postoutburst novae reveals short-lived heavy element absorption systems in a majority of novae near maximum light, having expansion velocities of 400-1000 km/s and velocity dispersions between 35-350 km/s. A majority of systems are accelerated outwardly, and they all progressively weaken and disappear over timescales of weeks. A few of the systems having narrow, deeper absorption reveal a rich spectrum of singly ionized Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Sr, Y, Zr, and Ba lines. Analysis of the richest such system, in Nova LMC 2005, shows the excitation temperature to be 104 K and elements lighter than Fe to have abundance enhancements over solar values by up to an order of magnitude. The gas causing the absorption systems must be circumbinary and its origin is most likely mass ejection from the secondary star. The absorbing gas pre-exists the outburst and may represent episodic mass transfer events from the secondary star that initiate the nova outburst(s). If SNe Ia originate in single degenerate binaries, such absorption systems could be detectable before maximum light
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Boltzmann and the art of flying
Creators: name: Dahmen, Silvio R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the less known facets of Ludwig Boltzmann was that of an advocate of Aviation, one of the most challenging technological problems of his times. Boltzmann followed closely the studies of pioneers like Otto Lilienthal in Berlin, and during a lecture on a prestigious conference he vehemently defended further investments in the area. In this article I discuss his involvement with Aviation, his role in its development and his correspondence with two flight pioneers, Otto Lilienthal e Wilhelm Kress.
description: 15 pages, no figures
Geographical Knowledge-driven Representation Learning for Remote Sensing Images
Creators: name: Li, Wenyuan
name: Chen, Keyan
name: Chen, Hao
name: Shi, Zhenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The proliferation of remote sensing satellites has resulted in a massive amount of remote sensing images. However, due to human and material resource constraints, the vast majority of remote sensing images remain unlabeled. As a result, it cannot be applied to currently available deep learning methods. To fully utilize the remaining unlabeled images, we propose a Geographical Knowledge-driven Representation learning method for remote sensing images (GeoKR), improving network performance and reduce the demand for annotated data. The global land cover products and geographical location associated with each remote sensing image are regarded as geographical knowledge to provide supervision for representation learning and network pre-training. An efficient pre-training framework is proposed to eliminate the supervision noises caused by imaging times and resolutions difference between remote sensing images and geographical knowledge. A large scale pre-training dataset Levir-KR is proposed to support network pre-training. It contains 1,431,950 remote sensing images from Gaofen series satellites with various resolutions. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms ImageNet pre-training and self-supervised representation learning methods and significantly reduces the burden of data annotation on downstream tasks such as scene classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, and cloud / snow detection. It demonstrates that our proposed method can be used as a novel paradigm for pre-training neural networks. Codes will be available on https://github.com/flyakon/Geographical-Knowledge-driven-Representaion-Learning.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
A projection operator approach for computing the dynamics of AS2S3 chalcogenide birefringent photonic crystal fiber coupler
Creators: name: T, Uthayakumar
name: R, Vasantha Jayakantha Raja
name: K, Porsezian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Gxx, 47J35, 35Q55, 65Kxx, 78M10, 78M30,

description: A variety of AS2S3 chalcogenide photonic crystal fiber coupler of special properties are proposed to study the role of birefringence in all optical coupling characteristics based on the projection operator method (POM). The equations of motion describing the dynamics of the individual pulse parameters through x- and y-polarized modes are arrived at by employing POM from the coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. From the pulse parameter dynamics, it is observed that the amplitudes of the polarization components are significantly influenced by the pulse being introduced with different polarizing angle even at low input power level. Such a selective polarizing angles of the input pulse will provide efficient control over the desired splitting ratio as well as the ability to decide the desired polarization component.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
FPGA-based low-cost synchronized fiber network for experimental setups in space
Creators: name: Oberschulte, Tim
name: Wendrich, Thijs
name: Blume, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Custom experiment setups in physics often require control electronics to execute actions and measurements on a small time scale. When further constraints limit the experiment's environment, for example when the experiment is inside a sounding rocket, conventional network systems will not suffice those constraints because of weight, heat or budget limitations. This paper proposes a network architecture with a time resolution of less than 1 ns over a pair of plastic fibers while using low-cost commercial hardware. The plastic fibers in comparison to copper fibers have a low weight and additionally can isolate parts of the setup galvanically. Data rates of 40 Mbit/s enable the network to transfer large amounts of measurements and configuration data over the network. Proof-of-concept implementations of network endpoints and switches on small FPGAs are analyzed in terms of synchronicity, data rate and resource usage. Using commercial parts the resolution of 1 ns is reached with a standard deviation of less than 100 ps. Compared to a copper wire implementation the weight is reduced by about one order of magnitude. With its low weight at a low cost, the network is useful in space or laboratory setups which require high time resolution.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Synthesis of the first nitrogen-heterocycles in interstellar ice analogs containing methylamine (CH$_3$NH$_2$) exposed to UV radiation: Formation of trimethylentriamine (TMT, c-(-CH$_2$-NH)$_3$) and hexamethylentetramine (HMT, (CH$_2$)$_6$N$_4$)
Creators: name: Carrascosa, H.
name: Díaz, C. González
name: Caro, G. M. Muñoz
name: Gómez, P. C.
name: Sanz, M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hexamethylentetramine has drawn a lot of attention due to its potential to produce prebiotic species. This work aims to gain a better understanding in the chemical processes concerning methylamine under astrophysically relevant conditions. In particular, this work deeps into the formation of N-heterocycles in interstellar ice analogs exposed to UV radiation, which may lead to the formation of prebiotic species. Experimental simulations of interstellar ice analogs were carried out in ISAC. ISAC is an ultra-high vacuum chamber equipped with a cryostat, where gas and vapour species are frozen forming ice samples. Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy were used to monitor the solid phase, and quadrupole mass spectrometry served to measure the composition of the gas phase. The variety of species detected after UV irradiation of ices containing methylamine revealed the presence of 12 species which have been already detected in the ISM, being 4 of them typically classified as complex organic molecules: formamide (HCONH2), methyl cyanide (CH$_3$CN), CH$_3$NH and CH$_3$CHNH. Warming up of the irradiated CH$_3$NH$_2$-bearing ice samples lead to the formation of trimethylentriamine (TMT), a N-heterocycle precursor of HMT, and the subsequent synthesis of HMT at temperatures above 230 K.
ICDAR 2021 Competition on Integrated Circuit Text Spotting and Aesthetic Assessment
Creators: name: Ng, Chun Chet
name: Nazaruddin, Akmalul Khairi Bin
name: Lee, Yeong Khang
name: Wang, Xinyu
name: Liu, Yuliang
name: Chan, Chee Seng
name: Jin, Lianwen
name: Sun, Yipeng
name: Fan, Lixin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With hundreds of thousands of electronic chip components are being manufactured every day, chip manufacturers have seen an increasing demand in seeking a more efficient and effective way of inspecting the quality of printed texts on chip components. The major problem that deters this area of research is the lacking of realistic text on chips datasets to act as a strong foundation. Hence, a text on chips dataset, ICText is used as the main target for the proposed Robust Reading Challenge on Integrated Circuit Text Spotting and Aesthetic Assessment (RRC-ICText) 2021 to encourage the research on this problem. Throughout the entire competition, we have received a total of 233 submissions from 10 unique teams/individuals. Details of the competition and submission results are presented in this report.
description: Technical report of ICDAR 2021 Competition on Integrated Circuit Text Spotting and Aesthetic Assessment
The impact of precession on the observed population of ULXs
Creators: name: Khan, Norman
name: Middleton, Matthew. J.
name: Wiktorowicz, Grzegorz
name: Dauser, Thomas
name: Roberts, Timothy P.
name: Wilms, Joern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of neutron stars powering several ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) raises important questions about the nature of the underlying population. In this paper we build on previous work studying simulated populations by incorporating a model where the emission originates from a precessing, geometrically beamed wind-cone, created by a super-critical inflow. We obtain estimates -- independent of the prescription for the precession period of the wind -- for the relative number of ULXs that are potentially visible (persistent or transient) for a range of underlying factors such as the relative abundance of black holes or neutron stars within the population, maximum precessional angle, and LMXB duty cycle. We make initial comparisons to existing data using a catalogue compiled from XMM-Newton. Finally, based on estimates for the precession period, we determine how the eROSITA all-sky survey (eRASS) will be able to constrain the underlying demographic.
description: 14 pages, 8 Figures, Accepted submission MNRAS
Dark matter as a geometric effect in f(R) gravity
Creators: name: Boehmer, Christian G.
name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the behavior of the tangential velocity of test particles moving in stable circular orbits in f(R) modified theories of gravity. A large number of observations at the galactic scale have shown that the rotational velocities of massive test particles (hydrogen clouds) tend towards constant values at large distances from the galactic center. We analyze the vacuum gravitational field equations in f(R) models in the constant velocity region, and the general form of the metric tensor is derived in a closed form. The resulting modification of the Einstein-Hilbert Lagrangian is of the form R^{1+n}, with the parameter n expressed in terms of the tangential velocity. Therefore we find that to explain the motion of test particles around galaxies requires only very mild deviations from classical general relativity, and that modified gravity can explain the galactic dynamics without the need of introducing dark matter.
description: 9 pages; new references added; references updated, minor improvements, accepted for publication in Astropart. Phys
Letter from Kathleen Raine to George, [between 1955 and 1989]
Creators: name: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Raine, Kathleen, 1908-2003
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/52672
subject: Philosophy
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1060777
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Scholars
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1106878
subject: Neoplatonism
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1035884
subject: Critics
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/883769
subject: Authors, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821945
subject: Platonists
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1066881
subject: Authors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821688
subject: Book industries and trade
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/836171
subject: English poetry--Manuscripts
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/912320
subject: Poets, English
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067870
subject: Periodicals--Publishing
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1058100
subject: Poets
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1067778
subject: Periodical editors
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1058064

description: A letter from Kathleen Raine to an acquaintance named George; no surname present. In this letter, Raine discusses the education of her children and of George's son; she also passes on information from a letter from William Empson.
Strong coupling between localized surface plasmons and molecules by coupled cluster theory
Creators: name: Fregoni, Jacopo
name: Haugland, Tor S.
name: Pipolo, Silvio
name: Giovannini, Tommaso
name: Koch, Henrik
name: Corni, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmonic nanocavities enable the confinement of molecules and electromagnetic fields within nano-metric volumes. As a consequence, the molecules experience a remarkably strong interaction with the electromagnetic field, to such an extent that the quantum states of the system become hybrids between light and matter: polaritons. Here we present a non-perturbative method to simulate the emerging properties of such polaritons: it combines a high-level quantum chemical description of the molecule with a quantized description of the localized surface plasmons in the nanocavity. We apply the method to molecules of realistic complexity in a typical plasmonic nanocavity, featuring also a subnanometric asperity (picocavity). Our results disclose the effects of the mutual polarization and correlation of plasmons and molecular excitations, disregarded so far. They also quantify to what extent the molecular charge density can be manipulated by nanocavities, and stand as benchmarks to guide the development of methods for molecular polaritonics.
description: 13 Pages Main text, 4 Figures and 11 pages Supporting Information
Citation Swing Factor: An Indicator to Measure the Diffusion of Cited Items
Creators: name: Dutta, Bidyarthi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The h-index, introduced by Hirsch, is based on the mutual variation between the number of cited and source items. The temporally continuous nature of the citation accretion process causes a shift of cited items from the h-core zone to the adjacent citation-asymmetric zones, viz. h-excess zone, or h-tail zone. The name given to this shifting phenomenon is the Diffusion of Cited Items (DCI). In this paper, two new variables are introduced, i.e., the Fold of Excess citation over Total citations (FET), denoted by $ε^2$ and the Fold of h-core citation over Excess citations (FHE), denoted by $θ^2$. On the basis of $θ$ and $ε$, another indicator is introduced, i.e., the Citation Swing Factor (CSF), defined as $dθ/dε$, which indicates the differential coefficient of $θ$ with respect to $ε$. The time dependence of FET and FHE is also discussed. The possible solutions of are derived here. The functionality of CSF ($dθ/dε$) to measure the diffusion process quantitatively will be tested later on for journals, authors and institutions.
description: 5 pages, 1 Figure
Nuclear medium effects in neutrino- and antineutrino-nucleus scattering
Creators: name: Jachowicz, Natalie
name: Nikolakopoulos, Alexis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the influence of nuclear medium effects on quasi-elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering processes. We focus on effects provided by the nuclear mean field and random phase correlations and pay special attention to differences between neutrino- and antineutrino-induced reactions. We confront our results with the T2K and MiniBooNE data for both neutrinos and antineutrinos and the neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry. In view of the recently published ab initio results we provide a careful comparison between our cross section predictions and the ab-initio calculations.
description: Accepted to Eur. Phys. J. Spec. Top. : Neutrino Interactions in the Intermediate and High Energy Region