cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fermi-LAT Observations of the Diffuse Gamma-Ray Emission: Implications for Cosmic Rays and the Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: LAT Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gamma-ray sky >100 MeV is dominated by the diffuse emissions from interactions of cosmic rays with the interstellar gas and radiation fields of the Milky Way. Observations of these diffuse emissions provide a tool to study cosmic-ray origin and propagation, and the interstellar medium. We present measurements from the first 21 months of the Fermi-LAT mission and compare with models of the diffuse gamma-ray emission generated using the GALPROP code. The models are fitted to cosmic-ray data and incorporate astrophysical input for the distribution of cosmic-ray sources, interstellar gas and radiation fields. To assess uncertainties associated with the astrophysical input, a grid of models is created by varying within observational limits the distribution of cosmic-ray sources, the size of the cosmic-ray confinement volume (halo), and the distribution of interstellar gas. An all-sky maximum-likelihood fit is used to determine the Xco-factor, the ratio between integrated CO-line intensity and molecular hydrogen column density, the fluxes and spectra of the gamma-ray point sources from the first Fermi-LAT catalogue, and the intensity and spectrum of the isotropic background including residual cosmic rays that were misclassified as gamma rays, all of which have some dependency on the assumed diffuse emission model. The models are compared on the basis of their maximum likelihood ratios as well as spectra, longitude, and latitude profiles. We also provide residual maps for the data following subtraction of the diffuse emission models. The models are consistent with the data at high and intermediate latitudes but under-predict the data in the inner Galaxy for energies above a few GeV. Possible explanations for this discrepancy are discussed, including the contribution by undetected point source populations and spectral variations of cosmic rays throughout the Galaxy. [Abridged]
description: 88 pages, 37 figures. The Astrophysical Journal in press. Contact authors: Gudlaugur Johannesson, Troy A. Porter, and Andrew W. Strong. Online material available at: http://galprop.stanford.edu/PaperIISuppMaterial/
Cavity-Enhanced Waveguide Quantum Memory
Creators: name: Mallahzadeh, Hassan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics--Atomic
subject: Optics
subject: Quantum Memory
subject: Atomic Frequency Comb
subject: Optical Cavity
subject: Waveguide

description: An optical quantum memory is a device capable of storing the quantum state of a photon and subsequently recalling it faithfully. The efficiency of a memory, which is the focus of this work, is defined as the probability of successful storage and subsequent retrieval of the information. This thesis reports an experiment performed towards making a high efficiency quantum memory by using a cavity enhanced Atomic Frequency Comb (AFC) protocol, implemented in a waveguide in a rare-earth ion doped crystal. Our measurements identified the obstacles that have to be overcome to achieve that aim. Exploiting the cavity dynamics, we managed to estimate the essential parameters in implementation of the scheme. The investigations give a valuable insight into the protocol and the ways to exploit its full potential. Furthermore, the analysis of the experimental observations leads to proposals that may serve as alternatives to current ways of implementing the protocol.
Statistical Analysis and the OPEA Model of the White-Light Flares Occurring on Krüger 60B (DO Cep)
Creators: name: Dal, H. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, new observations and some results of statistical analyses are presented. The largest flare data set of DO Cep in the literature has been obtained with 89 flares detected in 67.61 hours of U-band flare patrol. First of all, the observations demonstrated that the star is one of the most active flare stars in respect to the computed flare frequency. Secondly, using the independent samples t-test, the detected flares were classified into two subtypes, and then they were modelled. Analysing the models demonstrated that the fast and slow flares occurring on the star can be separated with a critical value of the ratio of their decay time to rise time. The critical value was computed as 3.40. According to this value, the fast flare rate is 20.22%, while the slow flare rate is 79.78%. Besides, there is a 39.282 times difference between the energies of these two types of flares. However, the flare equivalent durations versus the flare rise times increase in similar ways for both groups. In addition, all all the flares were modelled with the one-phase exponential association function. Analysing this model, the plateau value was found to be 2.810. Moreover, the half-life value was computed as 433.1s from the model. The maximum flare rise time was found to be 1164s, while the maximum flare total duration was found to be 3472s. The results of the flare timescales indicate that the geometry of the flaring loop on the surface of the star might be similar to those seen on analogues of DO Cep. Consequently, considering both the half-life value and flare timescales, the flares detected on the surface of DO Cep get maximum energy in longer times, while the geometries of the flaring loops or areas get smaller.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables, 2011PASA...28..365D. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1206.5794
"From Keras Import Curating": Eine empirische  Erhebung zur Übertragung von kuratorischer Praxis auf maschinelle Lernmodelle.
Creators: name: Bönisch, Dominik
name: Hunger, Francis
Publisher: name: Training The Archive / Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Kurator
Künstliche Intelligenz
Big Data
Persona
Prototyp

description: Das Working Paper wertet elf Interviews mit professionellen Kurator*innen aus, die für das Projekt Training the Archive geführt wurden. Aus den Interviews wurde eine Reihe von Personas abgeleitet, welche Aufschluss über die benötigte Funktionalität der Curator’s Machine gaben und zu entsprechenden Änderungen der Prototypen führten. In der Auswertung beleuchtet der Text zum einen kuratorische Ansätze, die mit der Curator’s Machine realisiert werden können, darunter Un-/Ordnungssysteme und Datenbanken, den Prozess des Auswählens und des Denkens in An-Ordnungen oder Kategorien sowie eine Reflektion zur verarbeiteten Datengrundlage. Zum anderen wurden kuratorische Ansätze diskutiert, die nicht oder nur eingeschränkt realisierbar sind, zum Beispiel Fragen der Repräsentation und des Datenbias, der Einfluss des institutionellen Rahmens und räumliche Verhältnisse in der Ausstellungskonzeption. Das Working Paper reflektiert damit abschließend das Projekt Training the Archive und ist ein Beitrag zur praktischen Anwendung von Software im Feld des Kuratierens.
Sketch-Based Dance Choreography
Creators: name: Moghaddam, Elahe
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dance
subject: Education--Technology
subject: Computer Science
subject: Dance
subject: Choreography
subject: Ballet
subject: Sketch Recognition
subject: Animation Synthesis

description: Sketching and doodling are two techniques commonly used by choreographers to design a dance sequence. These sketches usually represent the trajectory of the dancer in the scene. A set of annotations can be used to differentiate the various dance movements. In order to have more control over the choreographed dance, a 3D animation is preferable. During the past decade, evolution of sketch-based interfaces has provided 3D interaction techniques for modelling and animation. Long traditions of mouse-keyboard-menu-based techniques are now taking more intuitive forms. However, there is no significant effort on creating a sketch-based solution for dance choreography. This thesis presents a novel sketch-based approach to assist dance choreographers authoring dance motions in a 3D environment. The proposed approach allows a choreographer to storyboard a dance using stick figure sketches of a dancer. It also helps to draw the trace of a 3D avatar to direct it in the same way choreographer intends. Inspired by traditional choreography, a set of simple annotations is introduced for ballet. These annotations help to retrieve and blend ballet `mini-motions' in order to create a synthesized dance. To build the mini-motions, several ballet movements in a MoCap database are analyzed and processed. The proposed approach is unique in its use of captured motions, an intuitive method for motion control and its ease of use for non-experts. It allows choreographers to convey their ideas using an animation sequence. The ability of watching dance motions from different angles helps to exactly plan the scene. This approach has the potential to revolutionize the way choreographers create dance patterns.
The NA62 LAV front-end electronics
Creators: name: Antonelli, A.
name: Corradi, G.
name: Moulson, M.
name: Paglia, C.
name: Raggi, M.
name: Spadaro, T.
name: Tagnani, D.
name: Ambrosino, F.
name: Di Filippo, D.
name: Massarotti, P.
name: Napolitano, M.
name: Saracino, G.
name: Angelucci, B.
name: Costantini, F.
name: Fantechi, R.
name: Gallorini, S.
name: Giudici, S.
name: Mannelli, I.
name: Raffaelli, F.
name: Venditti, S.
name: D'Agostini, G.
name: Leonardi, E.
name: Palladino, V.
name: Serra, M.
name: Valente, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The branching ratio for the decay $K^+ \to π^+ν\barν$ is sensitive to new physics; the NA62 experiment will measure it to within about 10%. To reject the dominant background from channels with final state photons, the large-angle vetoes (LAVs) must detect particles with better than 1 ns time resolution and 10% energy resolution over a very large energy range. Our custom readout board uses a time-over-threshold discriminator coupled to a TDC as a straightforward solution to satisfy these requirements. A prototype of the readout system was extensively tested together with the ANTI-A2 large angle veto module at CERN in summer 2010.
description: prepared for the TWEPP 2011 conference proceedings
High-Precision $f_{B_s}$ and HQET from Relativistic Lattice QCD
Creators: name: McNeile, C.
name: Davies, C. T. H.
name: Follana, E.
name: Hornbostel, K.
name: Lepage, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new determination of the $B_s$ leptonic decay constant from lattice QCD simulations that use gluon configurations from MILC and a highly improved discretization of the relativistic quark action for both valence quarks. Our result, $f_{B_s} = 0.225(4)$\,GeV, is almost three times more accurate than previous determinations. We analyze the dependence of the decay constant on the heavy quark's mass and obtain the first empirical evidence for the leading $1/\sqrt{m_h}$ dependence predicted by Heavy Quark Effective Theory (HQET). As a check, we use our analysis technique to calculate the $m_{B_s}-m_{η_b}/2$ mass difference. Our result agrees with experiment to within errors of $11\,\mathrm{MeV}$ (better than 2%). We discuss how to extend our analysis to other quantities in $B_s$ and $B$ physics, making 2%-precision possible for the first time.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Improving Decision-Making For Energy And Carbon Management: Descriptive And Prescriptive Insights
Creators: name: Kenney, Lisa
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education--Social Sciences
subject: Geography
subject: Psychology--Social
subject: decision-making
subject: Energy
subject: climate change

description: Decisions in developing communities that focus on the human-environment interface—like energy development and delivery, and climate change mitigation—are inherently complex. These decisions must contend with significant technical challenges and uncertainties, while at the same time, these decisions often need to meet linked social, economic and environmental objectives. Research in the decision sciences finds that when faced with difficult decisions, like those involving energy or climate change, people struggle with articulating their values, and with making necessary tradeoffs across objectives. This can result in sub-optimal decision outcomes that fail to adequately address stakeholders’ concerns. The research presented in this thesis applies theories and methods from the decision sciences to two contexts related to development decisions: creating an energy strategy Canada’s Northwest Territories; and climate change mitigation via forest-based carbon management in Vietnam. This body of research has two interrelated aims: 1) to assess the ability of existing decision science approaches to improve the effectiveness of development programs, projects and policies; and 2) to assess how decision science approaches might help to also address critiques of, as well as complement, existing development approaches.
title: Dental Consumers' Perceptions of Dental Hygienists with Visible Tattoos
Creators: name: Verissimo, Amanda Brooke
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if visible tattoos affected the perceptions of dental consumers toward the professionalism and credibility of dental hygienists.

Methods: An 11 item, IRB approved investigator designed survey was administered online to 203 subjects invited to participate via a commercial web source. Surveys were randomized according to respondents' birth month. Participants viewed one of three photographs of a dental hygiene model wearing short-sleeved scrubs without a tattoo, with a large sleeve tattoo on the arm or with a small tattoo on the wrist. Participants scored each photograph on a 5-point Likert scale based on the following attributes: ethical, responsible, hygienic, competent, and professional. Participants self-reported on the number of tattoos they had and their attitude toward visible tattoos in the workplace.

Results: Twenty three percent of respondents had a tattoo with 66% reporting their tattoo was not visible while wearing short-sleeves. Most respondents (88%) that viewed the model without a tattoo rated them as being professional although only 49% rated the same model but with a sleeve tattoo as professional. Overall attribute mean scores were averaged and referred to as credibility. Results reveal ratings of credibility on a model with a sleeve tattoo were significantly more negative (F=l5.16,p=.000) than were ratings of the same model shown without a tattoo or a small wrist tattoo. Respondents also rated the model with the sleeve tattoo lowest in regards to using a dental office on a regular basis (F=l5.041,p=.OOO) and whether they were likely to refer others to an office based on the model viewed (F = 10.595, p=.000). Data analysis revealed personal tattoo status had minimal influence on results when evaluating credibility.

Conclusions: Results indicate the presence of a large sleeve visible tattoo leads to less positive judgments about the credibility and professionalism of the dental hygienist compared to a model without a visible tattoo. Therefore, having a visible tattoo may hinder patient's positive perceptions of the dental hygienist and puts them at risk for being negatively perceived by patients in the dental practice setting.
Development Of Trophoblast Lined Blood Spaces In The Mouse Placenta
Creators: name: Rai, Anshita
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Trophoblast
subject: Placenta
subject: Vasculature

description: Trophoblast giant cells (TGCs) have a unique ability to form pseudo-vascular spaces in the placenta. Proper development of these maternal blood spaces is crucial for successful pregnancy outcomes. Unlike blood vessels in other organs, the vascular space in placenta is line by non-endothelial TGCs. Previous work in Cross lab has established that there are multiple subtypes of TGCs that line various segments of maternal vasculature. These subtypes of TGCs differ in location, function, morphology and gene expression pattern. Mouse genetic studies have given us insights into development of the mouse placenta but our understanding of how TGCs behave like endothelial cells to form blood spaces is limited. By developing a three dimensional in vitro system we have demonstrated that of all the TGC subtypes, P-TGCs have an intrinsic ability to form vascular-like cavities. Whereas other subtypes of TGCs such as S-TGCs require low oxygen conditions to differentiate. We also used both in vivo and in vitro models of VEGF over-expression to address role of VEGF signaling on TGC development. A small population of trophoblast progenitors expresses VEGF receptor 2 transiently that responds to the VEGF-A. Misbalance in VEGF signaling leads to altered venous side TGC differentiation and vascular development. Our results revealed that VEGF signaling plays an important role in differentiation of trophoblast cells and patterning of maternal blood spaces. In order to determine role of Prl-related genes in placental development we used a large-scale knockout of 22 Prl-related genes. The analysis of crosses between different parental genotypes revealed that the absence of Prl-related genes in the maternal tissue causes abnormal development of the maternal vasculature in the placenta. The arterial spaces are dramatically larger and invasion of SpA-TGCs is reduced. This suggests that certain decidua-expressed Prl-related genes are crucial for proper development and functioning of precisely TGCs. Overall, the work done in this thesis contributes to our understanding of the vascular development of by TGCs. Various pathologies during human pregnancy are associated with failure of trophoblast cells in establishing proper vasculature. Therefore a better understanding of development of these spaces in the mouse placenta will help us gain insights into human placentation and treatment of pregnancy related diseases.
HIFI detection of HF in the carbon star envelope IRC +10216
Creators: name: Agundez, M.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: Decin, L.
name: Encrenaz, P.
name: Neufeld, D.
name: Teyssier, D.
name: Daniel, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of emission in the J=1-0 rotational transition of hydrogen fluoride (HF), together with observations of the J=1-0 to J=3-2 rotational lines of H35Cl and H37Cl, towards the envelope of the carbon star IRC +10216. High-sensitivity, high-spectral resolution observations have been carried out with the HIFI instrument on board Herschel, allowing us to resolve the line profiles and providing insights into the spatial distribution of the emission. Our interpretation of the observations, with the use of radiative transfer calculations, indicates that both HF and HCl are formed in the inner regions of the envelope close to the AGB star. Thermochemical equilibrium calculations predict HF and HCl to be the major reservoirs of fluorine and chlorine in the atmospheres of AGB stars. The abundances relative to H2 derived for HF and HCl, 8e-9 and 1e-7 respectively, are substantially lower than those predicted by thermochemical equilibrium, indicating that F and Cl are likely affected by significant depletion onto dust grains, although some chlorine may be in the form of atomic Cl. The H35Cl/H37Cl abundance ratio is 3.3 +/- 0.3. The low abundance derived for HF in IRC +10216 makes it likely that the fluorine abundance is not enhanced over the solar value by nucleosynthesis in the AGB star, although this conclusion may not be robust because the HF abundance we derive is a lower limit to the elemental abundance of F. These observations suggest that both HF and HCl should be detectable through low J rotational transitions in other evolved stars.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters
A Violent Symbiosis: Gangs, the State, and the Rise in Crime in São Paulo
Creators: name: Ford, Maria
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Literature--Latin American
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Organized Crime
subject: Brazil
subject: São Paulo
subject: PCC
subject: Jail

description: This thesis is concerned with the unexpected rise in violence in São Paulo after a decade of consistent decline, from 2000-10. Using the Complex Adaptive System framework, this thesis argues that the Primeiro Comando da Capital “First Command of the Capital” (PCC), the most influential prison gang in Brazil, developed an accommodating relationship with the state, making them both equally responsible for the rise in crime. The thesis is chronological, based on the three major PCC rebellions/attacks since its creation, in 1993. Those moments represent the break of an unstable truce between the state and the PCC, and are critical to reveal how the state fails to curb organized crime. The constant crime rise after 2012, however, suggests that in the long-term, the state has strengthened the PCC.
Replica symmetry breaking in an adiabatic spin-glass model of adaptive evolution
Creators: name: Sakata, Ayaka
name: Hukushima, Koji
name: Kaneko, Kunihiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study evolutionary canalization using a spin-glass model with replica theory, where spins and their interactions are dynamic variables whose configurations correspond to phenotypes and genotypes, respectively. The spins are updated under temperature T_S, and the genotypes evolve under temperature T_J, according to the evolutionary fitness. It is found that adaptation occurs at T_S < T_S^{RS}, and a replica symmetric phase emerges at T_S^{RSB} < T_S < T_S^{RS}. The replica symmetric phase implies canalization, and replica symmetry breaking at lower temperatures indicates loss of robustness.
description: 5pages, 2 figures
Thermonuclear X-ray bursts from the 401 Hertz accreting pulsar IGR J17498-2921: indication of burning in confined regions
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Manoneeta
name: Bhattacharyya, Sudip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the 2011 Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) proportional counter array (PCA) data of the 401 Hz accreting pulsar and burster IGR J17498-2921 to perform timing analysis and time-resolved spectroscopy of 12 thermonuclear X-ray bursts. We confirm previously reported burst oscillations from this source with a much higher significance (8.8σ). We notice that the bursts can be divided into three groups: big photospheric radius expansion (PRE) bursts are about ten times more luminous than medium bursts, while the latter are about ten times more luminous than small bursts. The PCA field-of-view of these observations contains several known bursters, and hence some of the observed bursts might not be from IGR J17498-2921. The oscillations during big bursts at the known pulsar frequency show that these bursts were definitely from IGR J17498-2921. We find that at least several of the other bursts were also likely originated from IGR J17498-2921. Spectral analysis reveals that the luminosity differences among various bursts are primarily due to differences in normalizations, and not temperatures, even when we consider the effects of colour factor. This shows burning on a fraction of the stellar surface for those small and medium bursts, which originated from IGR J17498-2921. The low values of the upper limits of burst oscillation amplitude for these bursts suggest a small angle between the spin axis and the magnetic axis. We find indications of the PRE nature of a medium burst, which likely originated from IGR J17498-2921. If true, then, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that two PRE bursts with a peak count rate ratio of as high as {\approx} 12 have been detected from the same source.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Weiterbildungsberatung – Anspruch und Wirkung
Creators: name: Schneebeli, René
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: career guidance
subject: lifelong learning
subject: effects
subject: international examples
subject: gnd:4005565-6
subject: gnd:4189516-2
subject: gnd:4134373-6
subject: gnd:4190021-2

description: Nach einer Verortung des Begriffs Weiterbildungsberatung in der europäischen Bildungspolitik geht der Beitrag der Frage nach, was Beratung insbesondere für die Weiterbildungsbeteiligung zu leisten vermag. Wie stehen Nachfrage, bildungspolitischer Anspruch und die beobachtbare Wirkung zueinander? Die Befunde dazu sowie internationale Fallbeispiele aus der Praxis liefern Hinweise für die zukünftige Gestaltung von Beratungsdienstleistungen. English version After locating the concept of continuing education guidance in European educational policy, this paper examines the question of what guidance can do, in particular for participation in continuing education. What is the relationship between demand, educational policy requirements and the observable effect? The findings on this as well as international case studies from practice provide indications for the future design of guidance services.
description: +repphzhbib2020W
Polarimetric C-band Microwave Scattering Properties of Snow Covered First-Year Sea Ice
Creators: name: Gill, Jagvijay P. S.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geography
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Remote Sensing
subject: Synthetic Aperture Radar
subject: Microwave
subject: Polarimetry
subject: Snow
subject: Sea Ice
subject: Classification

description: In this thesis, the physical, dielectric, and C-band polarimetric microwave properties of snow covered first-year sea ice (FYI) at different temperature conditions, largely encompassing late winter to melt onset period are investigated. First, a set of polarimetric parameters derived using different decomposition and synthesis techniques are analyzed at cold temperature conditions by relating them to pre-identified sea ice types. These parameters are further analyzed for their sea ice classification potential. This analytical scheme is extended to warmer temperature conditions and their stability for ice type signature response and classification potential is assessed. Second, the polarimetric SAR response from snow covered FYI at cold temperature conditions is analyzed to investigate the sensitivity of polarimetric backscatter to snow thickness. The backscatter sensitivities are examined as a function of change in surface air temperature through the changes manifested in snow geophysical properties. Lastly, in-situ measured geophysical and dielectric properties of thick and thin snow cover over smooth FYI and the corresponding C-band scatterometer measurements are analyzed at diurnal time scales during the transition from early melt to melt onset. A simple, multi-layer surface and volume scattering model of snow covered FYI is adopted. Using in-situ snow properties for model parameterization, corresponding C-band backscatter response is evaluated and scattering mechanisms are theorized. The findings indicate additional information is provided from fully polarimetric C-band backscatter data for sea ice classification and snow thickness retrieval purposes. Results also suggest that these parameters are best estimated at low radar incidence angles and during the late winter to early melt timeframe.
The dimensionality of human-free roaming horse interactions in Alberta
Creators: name: Kincaid, Adela Tesarek
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Geography
subject: Forestry and Wildlife
subject: Environmental Sciences
subject: free roaming horses
subject: animal-human interactions
subject: human-wildlife interactions
subject: human dimensions of wildlife
subject: wildlife management
subject: TEK
subject: local knowledge
subject: wicked problems
subject: Qualitative Research
subject: Situational Analysis
subject: transdisciplinary
subject: arenas and worlds
subject: Postmodernism
subject: Metis
subject: Indigenous

description: Approximately 12 000 years ago wild horses were a natural part of the North American ecosystem. Contemporary DNA evidence suggests that horses (Equus lambei) spread from North America to populate all other areas of the world. Domestic horses (Equus caballus) were reintroduced to North America during colonization; through escape or release, they established themselves once again on the landscape and currently inhabit areas of the western USA and Canada. The overarching goal of the research is to describe the perspectives and discourses of multiple and collective actors toward FRH in the research area and to demonstrate the necessity of broadening the basis of decision making in policy related to FRH. I used qualitative research approaches including semi-structured interviews that focused on 24 respondents. I documented perspectives of local people who share the land with FRH as well as those with multi generational knowledge. Mainly, I relied on transdisciplinarity and situational analysis (also referred to as social mapping) as the theoretical and methodological framework for my research. These two approaches helped clarify the wicked, complex problems associated with FRH. FRH are a source of social conflict in the study area, which is mainly located west of Rocky Mountain House, Sundre and Cochrane. This research indicates that the majority of respondents agree with having FRH on the Alberta landscape; the main debate concerns population numbers. Respondents vary in their descriptions of timelines, ancestry, phenotypical features and classifications of FRH. Practically, local interactions with FRH include benefits such as capturing and using horses for breeding, work and recreation, as viewing opportunities, as spiritually significant, and for their historic worth. Reported problems include FR stallions stealing and breeding domesticated mares, FRH destroying fences, damaging reforested areas, and competing for grass with cattle. Broadly this research demonstrates a lack of extant data about different perspectives on FRH. Filling this knowledge gap can help to strengthen the basis of decision making that is required to make fully informed decisions about FRH policy.
Regulation and function of short stature homeobox (Shox) genes during development of the murine hindbrain
Creators: name: Rosin, Jessica Megan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Development
subject: Shox2
subject: Limb
subject: Cerebellum
subject: Facial Motor Nucleus
subject: Enhancers

description: Disruption of putative enhancers downstream of the human short stature homeobox (SHOX) gene is thought to cause the limb defects characteristic of Léri–Weill dyschondrosteosis. Since the closely related mouse Shox2 gene has a similar function in limbs, we used a comparative approach to search for enhancer sequences responsible for driving limb expression of the Shox genes in mice and humans. Unexpectedly, transgenic analysis demonstrated that the most conserved enhancer sequences near the Shox genes were active in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting an ancient function for these genes in this tissue. Given the results of the transgenic screens, and since Shox2 was shown to be expressed in the CNS, the major goal of this thesis became to explore the functional role of Shox2 in brain development and test the developmental and behavioural consequences of loss- and gain-of-function of Shox2 in mouse models. Using a conditional knockout strategy, we demonstrated that elimination of Shox2 in the brain results in developmental defects in the inferior colliculus and cerebellum. Specifically, loss of Shox2 in the cerebellum results in precocious differentiation and migration of granule cell precursors (GCPs). We showed that Shox2 is required for normal sonic hedgehog (Shh) expression in dorsal-residing Purkinje cells. In addition, the bone morphogenetic protein 4 (Bmp4) expression domain was expanded in Shox2-deficient animals, suggesting that Shox2 plays a key role in the proper interplay between cross-repressive SHH and BMP signalling. Moreover, loss of Shox2 causes behavioural abnormalities, including reduced exploratory activity, altered gait and impaired motor coordination. Furthermore, we demonstrated that elimination of Shox2 in the brain results in the loss of medially located visceral motor neurons (vMNs) in the facial motor nucleus. This correlates with impaired axonal projection properties of vMNs, which appears as improper branching and peripheral target acquisition of the facial (VII) nerves. Shox2-mutant neonates also displayed impaired feeding behaviour, likely due to improper development of the facial (VII) nerves. Together, these works have uncovered a novel function for Shox2 during hindbrain development. The Shox2-mutant model can now be exploited to further our understanding of neurogenesis, specification and circuit formation in the hindbrain.
Estimating the volume of a convex body.
Creators: name: Baldin, Nicolai
Publisher: name: Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach
Year: 2018

description: Sometimes the volume of a convex body needs to
be estimated, if we cannot calculate it analytically.
We explain how statistics can be used not only to
approximate the volume of the convex body, but also
its shape.
description: Snapshots of modern mathematics from Oberwolfach;2018,15
Effect of retardation on the dynamics of entanglement between atoms
Creators: name: Gulfam, Q.
name: Ficek, Z.
name: Evers, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of retardation in the entanglement dynamics of two distant atoms interacting with a multi-mode field of a ring cavity is discussed. The retardation is associated with a finite time required for light to travel between the atoms located at a finite distance and between the atoms and the cavity boundaries. We explore features in the concurrence indicative of retardation and show how these features evolve depending on the initial state of the system, distance between the atoms and the number of modes to which the atoms are coupled. In particular, we consider the short-time and the long time dynamics for both the multi- and sub-wavelength distances between the atoms. It is found that the retardation effects can qualitatively modify the entanglement dynamics of the atoms not only at multi- but also at sub-wavelength distances. We follow the temporal evolution of the concurrence and find that at short times of the evolution the retardation induces periodic sudden changes of entanglement. To analyze where the entanglement lies in the space spanned by the state vectors of the system, we introduce the collective Dicke states of the atomic system that explicitly account for the sudden changes as a periodic excitation of the atomic system to the maximally entangled symmetric state. At long times, the retardation gives rise to periodic beats in the concurrence that resemble the phenomenon of collapses and revivals in the Jaynes-Cummings model. In addition, we identify parameter values and initial conditions at which the atoms remain separable or are entangled without retardation during the entire evolution time, but exhibit the phenomena of sudden birth and sudden death of entanglement when the retardation is included.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
TAKOMILLASHMAGAN ZAMBURUG'LARNING UMUMIY TASNIFI VA ASOSIY VAKILLARI
Creators: name: Nosirova, Ruxshona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Takomillashmagan zamburug‘lar (Fungi Imperfecti) jinsiy ko‘payish bosqichi aniqlanmagan yoki hali o‘rganilmagan zamburug‘lar guruhiga kiradi. Ular asosan vegetativ yoki konidial sporalar yordamida ko‘payadi va biologik xilma-xilligi, ekologik roli hamda iqtisodiy ahamiyati jihatidan muhim organizmlar hisoblanadi. Ushbu maqolada takomillashmagan zamburug‘larning tasnifi, asosiy vakillari va ularning ahamiyati haqida ma’lumot beriladi.
Data and Scripts from: Bayesian prediction of multivariate ecology from phenotypic data yields novel insights into the diets of extant and extinct taxa
Creators: name: Nations, Jonathan
name: Wisniewski, Anna
name: Slater, Graham
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: dental topography
Bayesian
Ordinal regression
Carnivora
tooth

description: An organism's phenotype often relates to its ecology in a well-characterized manner, enabling prediction of ecology for taxa that lack direct ecological information, such as fossils. Diet is a particularly important component of a species' ecology; however, in order to predict diet it must first be codified, and establishing metrics that effectively summarize dietary variability without excessive information loss remains challenging. We employed a dietary item relative importance coding scheme to derive multivariate dietary classifications for a sample of extant carnivoran mammals, and then used Bayesian multilevel modeling to assess whether these scores could be predicted from a set of dental metrics. There is no ``one size fits all" model for predicting dietary item importance; different topographical features best predict different foods, and model-averaged estimates perform especially well. We also show how models derived from living taxa can be used to provide novel insights into the dietary diversity of extinct carnivoran species. Our approach need not be limited to diet as an ecological trait of interest, to these phenotypic traits, or to carnivorans. Rather, this framework serves as a general approach to predicting multivariate ecology from phenotypic traits.
description: The Dryad repository contains all of the input and output data from this project. The README.md file details each of the 13 data objects (mostly csv files). As each of the outputs is called as an input in downstream analyses, we included these. The Zenodo repo linked to this Dryad repo contains the entirety of the GitHub repo for this project. It is written in such a way where, once all the packages have been installed, it can be downloaded and run in it's enitety to reproduce all of the results from this project. It contains the scripts, input data, plotting commands, and its own detailed README.md file. The Zenodo repo also contains the Supplemental Figures and the Supplemental table, all in .pdf format.Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DBI-2010756
description: The dataset contains dental topographic metrics (aDNE, OPCr, RFI, and RLGA) and body mass estimates for 113 living and extinct carnivorans (Order Carnivora). It also contains ordinal dietary rankings (1-4, with 1 being none in the diet and 4 being a primary food item) for 13 food items for 92 of the extant species. We use these dietary rankings to generate predictive models of multivariate diet, then estimate the multivariate diets for fossil and understudied extant taxa. Running the models yields outputs which are then used to generate predictions. The data also contains a phylogenetic tree of Carnivora used in the models.
Lorenz function of Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$/Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ superlattices
Creators: name: Hinsche, N. F.
name: Mertig, I.
name: Zahn, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining first principles density functional theory and semi-classical Boltzmann transport, the anisotropic Lorenz function was studied for thermoelectric Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$/Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ superlattices and their bulk constituents. It was found that already for the bulk materials Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ and Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$, the Lorenz function is not a pellucid function on charge carrier concentration and temperature. For electron-doped Bi$_{2}$Te$_{3}$/Sb$_{2}$Te$_{3}$ superlattices large oscillatory deviations for the Lorenz function from the metallic limit were found even at high charge carrier concentrations. The latter can be referred to quantum well effects, which occur at distinct superlattice periods.
Portability of tar features
Creators: name: Górny, Michał
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: file format sustainability
digital preservation

description: Originally published on Michał Górny's blog at: https://blogs.gentoo.org/mgorny/2018/11/25/portability-of-tar-features/

Preface

The tar format is one of the oldest archive formats in use. It comes as no surprise that it is ugly — built as layers of hacks on the older format versions to overcome their limitations. However, given the POSIX standarization in late 80s and the popularity of GNU tar, you would expect the interoperability problems to be mostly resolved nowadays.

This article is directly inspired by my proof-of-concept work on new binary package format for Gentoo. My original proposal used volume label to provide user- and file(1)-friendly way of distinguish our binary packages. While it is a GNU tar extension, it falls within POSIX ustar implementation-defined file format and you would expect that non-compliant implementations would extract it as regular files. What I did not anticipate is that some implementation reject the whole archive instead.

This naturally raised more questions on how portable various tar formats actually are. To verify that, I have decided to analyze the standards for possible incompatibility dangers and build a suite of test inputs that could be used to check how various implementations cope with that. This article describes those points and provides test results for a number of implementations.

Please note that this article is focused merely on read-wise format compatibility. In other words, it establishes how tar files should be written in order to achieve best probability that it will be read correctly afterwards. It does not investigate what formats the listed tools can write and whether they can correctly create archives using specific features.
Food security, gender roles, and information exchange in the shrimp farming industry of Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Wu, Jessica Pingsi
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fisheries and Aquaculture
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Public Health
subject: food security
subject: shrimp farming

description: Ensuring household food security is an ongoing global concern. In Sri Lanka, years of civil war and natural disasters have posed a challenge in terms of decreasing poverty. One of the pathways out of poverty and improved food security is through smallholder aquaculture. With underutilized aquatic resources, the country is well placed to further develop aquaculture in the country including shrimp farming. Prior to expanding shrimp farming in the country, more information was needed about the current state of shrimp farming and the potential of this livelihood to provide an equitable pathway to food security. A cross-sectional survey of smallholder shrimp farmers (n = 225) was used to examine the socio-demographics, household food security, gender roles, sustainability of practices, and social networks of information exchange within the industry. Two provinces, the North Western Province (NWP) and Eastern Province (EP), were targeted as having established shrimp farms and the opportunity for expansion in the EP. Results demonstrated that the industry was male dominated and that farmers represented different demographics than the general Sri Lankan population. Women in the NWP participated in more on-farm activities compared to women in the EP. The majority of shrimp farmers were food secure and had a higher socioeconomic status than the general population. Men and women within the same household also perceived food insecurity differently. Farmers primarily utilized other farmers for information on shrimp production. Although the relationship is complex, the number of contacts a farmer had was associated with sustainable practices. A qualitative study of female shrimp farm owners revealed that few women own shrimp farms and a few of these women have experienced discrimination as women in the industry. Results indicate that a one-size-fits all intervention would not be appropriate in Sri Lanka as there are differences in farmers in the NWP and the EP, and certain groups of people may be more interested in shrimp farming. Courses and extension services should be available in both Sinhala and Tamil. Increasing women’s participation in shrimp farming should only be considered in light of cultural gender roles and motivations of women to work in shrimp farming.
Singular equivalences induced by homological epimorphisms
Creators: name: Chen, Xiao-Wu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a certain homological epimorphism between two algebras induces a triangle equivalence between their singularity categories. Applying the result to a construction of matrix algebras, we describe the singularity categories of some non-Gorenstein algebras.
title: Use of Disclosing Tablets and Signs of Gingival Bleeding for Improving the Oral Health and Oral Hygiene Status of Adult Dental Clients
Creators: name: Thompson, Susan Elaine
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: The purpose of this investigation was to compare two methods for improving the oral health and oral hygiene status of adult dental clients. Fifty subjects were selected and randomly assigned to two groups. Over a 75-day period, Group A used disclosing tablets on a daily basis to reveal dental plaque deposits to control dental disease; Group Bused signs of gingival bleeding on a daily basis to control dental disease. Clients attended four appointments for oral evaluation. The oral health and oral hygiene status of the adult dental clients were measured at each appointment using the Gingival Bleeding Index and the Plaque Index, respectively. Data analysis revealed no significant difference in the mean Plaque Index scores of both groups after manipulation of the experimental variable (2p > 0. 05). Analysis of data did reveal a significant difference in the mean Gingival Bleeding Index scores of Group B after manipulation of the experimental variable (p ≤ 0.05).

Results indicated that the recognition of signs of gingival bleeding for improving oral health was more effective than the "traditional" method of using disclosing tablets and was at least as effective as the "traditional" method for improving the oral hygiene status of adult dental clients.
Monte Carlo simulation of the SU(3) spin model with chemical potential in a flux representation
Creators: name: Mercado, Ydalia Delgado
name: Gattringer, Christof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simulation of the SU(3) spin model with chemical potential using a recently proposed flux representation. In this representation the complex phase problem is avoided and a Monte Carlo simulation in terms of the fluxes becomes possible. We explore the phase diagram of the model as a function of temperature and chemical potential.