Patellapis (Patellapis) communis
Creators: name: Timmermann, Kim
name: Kuhlmann, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Halictidae
Patellapis
Patellapis communis

description: Patellapis (Patellapis) communis (Smith 1879)   
 Halictus communis Smith, 1879: 33–34.   
 Halictus pallidicinctulus Cockerell, 1939c: 598–599. Syn. n.   
(Figs. 35a–g; 36a–h)  
 Diagnosis. The females are characterised by having the tarsal claws simple, which are toothed (inner tooth very small in P. rubricata) in all other species of Patellapis s. str. Further, the clypeus of the females is flat in profile, whereas in all other species the clypeus is markedly convex in profile (in some species weakly convex). The male of P. communis is characterised by the bidentate mandibles, which also occur in P. bidentata. The males of both species can be easily separated from one another in the structure and size of the gonostylus and the bristles on posteror margin of S4. The males of P. communis have weakly developed bristles on posterior margin of S4, which are aslope anteriorly. Further, the gonostylus is characterised by a large, dorso-lateral projection. The male of P. bidentata has the bristles on posterior margin of S4 strongly developed (as usual in Patellapis s. str.). Further, the gonostylus of P. bidentata has a fine, small and slender, dorso-lateral projection.   
 Description   
 Female. Bl = 6,6–7,1mm. General habitus (Fig. 35e). Head. L = 1,7–1,8mm; W = 2,3–2,4mm. Head considerably wider than long (Fig. 35a). Integument black except mandibles partly reddish-brown. Face slightly dull and with loose, long, greyish, yellowish and brownish, erect hairs. Mandibles bidentate. Malar area very short, linear. Clypeus flat in profile; supraclypeal area weakly convex in profile. Clypeus strongly and densely punctate (i = 1,0–1,5d); surface of upper area partly sculptured. Clypeoantennal distance 0,4mm. Supraclypeal area strongly and densely punctate (i = 1,0d); surface extensively sculptured. Paraocular area slightly dull; coarsely and densely punctate; surface extensively sculptured. Antennae blackish-brown. Mesosoma. L = 1,4–1,5mm; W (ITS) = 1,6–1,7mm. Integument black. Scutum slightly dull; disc strongly and densely punctate (i = 1,0d) (Fig. 35b). Scutellum as illustrated in Fig. 35c. Scutum, scutellum and metanotum with yellowish to brownish, erect hairs; mesepisternum with greyish and propodeum with greyish to yellowish, erect hairs. Basal area of propodeum as illustrated in Fig. 35c; propodeum slightly dull; completely reticulate and with a few, well separated punctures. Marginal region of posterior truncation slightly dull; completely reticulate. Wings. Hyaline. Legs. Integument mostly brownish. Vestiture yellowish to brownish. Ts finely serrate (Fig. 35f). Bp slender and angulate apically (Fig. 35g). Metasoma. L = 3,5–4,0mm; W = 2,3–2,5mm. Integument blackish-brown except the margins of T brownish to pallid brownish and pallid yellowish; margins extensively translucent. T1–T4 with greyish, apical hair bands; the bands mostly present only laterally. Prepygidial fimbria yellowish-brown (Fig. 35d).   
 Male. Bl = 7,0– 7,7mm. General habitus (Fig. 36e). Head. L = 1,8–1,9mm; W = 2,3–2,4mm. Head considerably wider than long. Integument black except mandibles partly reddish-brown. Clypeus, supraclypeal area and paraocular area with loose, greyish, and vertex with loose, yellowish, erect hairs; clypeus, supraclypeal area and lower half of paraocular area entirely covered with appressed, white hairs. Mandibles bidentate. Malar area very short, linear. Antennae brownish-black. Flagellomeres knotty. A4 about 1,5 times longer than A3. Mesosoma. L = 1,5–1,6mm; W (ITS) = 1,6–1,7mm. Integument black. Scutum strongly and densely punctate (i = 1,0d) (Fig. 36a). Scutellum as illustrated in Fig. 36b. Scutum, scutellum, metanotum, mesepisternum and propodeum with long, greyish, erect hairs. Basal area of propodeum as illustrated in Fig. 36b; propodeum shiny and moderately densely punctate; surface extensively sculptured. Marginal region of posterior truncation slightly dull and reticulate. Wings. Hyaline. Legs. Integument brownish-black. Vestiture mostly greyish. Metasoma. L = 4,3–4,9mm; W = 2,3–2,5mm. Integument blackish-brown except the margins of T brownish to pallid brownish and pallid yellowish; margins partly translucent (Fig. 36c). Apical plate moderately broad and angulate apically. Posterior margin of S4 with a few, weak bristles, sloping anteriorly over the posterior margin of S3. S5 without dense hair patches (Fig. 36d). S7 and S8 as illustrated in Fig. 36f. Genitalia. Genitalia as illustrated in Fig. 36g –h; gonocoxa dull; gonostylus with long, dorso-lateral projection.   
 Type material (2 specimens). Holotype, female, 45 121 S. Africa (handwritten white label), Type H. T. (red-white label), Halictus communis (Type) Sm (handwritten white label), B.M. TYPE HYM. 17a.875 (handwritten white label), BMNH; Holotype, 1♀, Halictus pallidicinctulus Ckll. Type, Nieuwoudtville, 18–22.xi.1931, J. Ogilvie, B.M. TYPE HYM 17a 2761, BMNH.   
 Additional material (339 specimens). 200♀, 139♂. South Africa, Western Cape: 1♂, Cape Town, Lion’s Head, 21.–31.vii.1920, leg. R. E. Turner, BMNH; 1♂, idem., viii.1920, BMNH; 1♂, Stellenbosch, 17.ix.1925, leg. R. I. Nel, BMNH; 1♂, Mossel Bay, ix.1921, leg. R. E. Turner, BMNH; 10♀, Verlorevlei, near Elands Bay, 18.ix.2005, leg. C.D. eardley, SANC; 3♀, near Lamberts Bay, 17.ix.2005, leg. C.D. Eardley, SANC; 3♀, Citrusdal, 12.ix.2005, leg. C.D. Eardley, SANC; 4♀, Capetown, pan trap, 08.x.2002, leg. F.D. Parker and M.E. Irwin; FDP2811, 2812, 2815, 2816, BLCU; 1♂, Mamre, 25.viii.1977, leg. V. B. Whitehead, SAM – HYM – B009696, SAMC; ♀, Ysterfontein, ix.1960, SAM – HYM – B009731, SAMC; 1♀, Piketberg, Kapteinskloof, Hartereesriver, 23.viii.1991, leg. V. B. Whitehead, SAM – HYM – B009701, SAMC; 1♀, 28 km E of Velddrif, 23.x.1972, leg. J.G. Rozen, R. McGinley and C. Thompson, AMNH; 1♀, idem., 25.x.1972, AMNH; 1♀, Kunje farm, 28 km SE Citrusdal, 23.ix.2001, leg. C.D. Eardley, SANC; 1♀, 10 km W Algeria, Clanwilliam road, 04.ix.1987, leg. C.D. Eardley, Database No. HYMA 07285, SANC; 1♀, Clanwilliam, Nardouw, x.1941, leg. R. Smithers, SAM – HYM – B009608, SAMC; 1♂, Clanwilliam, 22.ix.2001, leg. C.D. Eardley, SANC; 1♂, 16km E Clanwilliam, 08.xi.2001, leg. C.D. Eardley, SANC; 1♀, 13218 BB, Groenvlei, 08.ix.1987, leg. V. B. Whitehead, SAM – HYM – B009712, SAMC; 1♀, 3218 BB, Ramskop Camp, Clanwilliam, 23.viii.1984, leg. V. B. Whitehead and M. Macpherson, SAM – HYM – B009658, SAMC; 1♀, 3218BA, Graafwater, 8 km W, 27.ix.1978, leg. V. B. Whitehead, SAM – HYM – B009655, SAMC; 1♀, 3118 AB, Skurfkop Sr., 18.viii.1983, leg. V. B. Whitehead, SAM – HYM – B009674, SAMC; Northern Cape: 1♀, 6♂, 20km S Nieuwoudtville, Farm Papkuilsfontein, Fynbos, 07.ix.2007, leg. M. Kuhlmann, KTPC; 3♀, 6♂, idem., 09.ix.2007, KTPC; 6♀, Papkuilsfontein, 15 km S Nieuwoudtville, malaise trap, 09.x.2002, leg. F.D. Parker and M.E. Irwin, BLCU; 2♂, Nieuwoudtville, Glen Lyon, Renosterveld, 27.viii.2003, leg. M. Kuhlmann, KTPC; 2♀, 1♂, idem., 10.ix.2003, KTPC; 8♂, idem., 11.viii.2004, KTPC; 1♂, idem., 18.viii.2004, KTPC; 1♀, 6♂, Nieuwoudtville, Glen Lyon, garden, 23.viii.2003, leg. M. Kuhlmann, KTPC; 1♂, idem., 27.viii.2003, KTPC; 2♂, idem., 04.ix.2003, KTPC; 3♂, Nieuwoudtville, entrance to Farm Glenlyon, 18.viii.2007. leg. K. Timmermann, KTPC; 1♂, Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve, 02.viii.1984, leg. V. B. Whitehead and K. Steiner, SAM – HYM – B009683, SAMC; 1♂, idem., 26.viii.2006, leg. K. Timmermann, KTPC; 1♂, idem., 10.ix.2007, KTPC; 4♀, Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve, Rondell, Car Park East, 20.ix.2006, leg. K. Timmermann, KTPC; 4♀, idem., 24.ix.2006, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 04.x.2006, KTPC; 3♂, idem., 20.viii.2007, KTPC; 2♀, 1♂, Nieuwoudtville, garden, pan trap, 16.–17.viii.2007, leg. K. Timmermann, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 18.–19.viii.2007, KTPC; 2♀, idem., 21.viii.2007, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 27.–28.viii.2007, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 01.–02.ix.2007, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 03.–04.ix.2007, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 17.ix.2007, KTPC; 1♀, Nieuwoudtville, Botanical Gardens, 09.ix.1987, leg. C.D. Eardley, HYMA07248, SANC; 1♀, Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve, dolerite hills, 11.ix.2006, leg. K. Timmermann, KTPC; 3♀, idem., 17.ix.2007, KTPC; 1♀, Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve East, 01.ix.2002, leg. M. Kuhlmann, KTPC; 1♂, idem., 04.ix.2003, KTPC; 1♀, 3♂, idem., 07.ix.2003, KTPC; 2♀, 3♂, idem., 11.ix.2003, KTPC; 1♂, Nieuwoudtville, Flower Reserve West, 31.viii.2002, leg. M. Kuhlmann, KTPC; 7♂, Fynbos, 2 km W Nieuwoudtville, near Grasberg, 23.viii.2003, leg. K. Timmermann, KTPC; 2♂, Fynbos, 15 km NW Nieuwoudtville, Farm Engelsepunt, 22.vii.2003, leg. K. Timmermann, KTPC; 1♀, 3♂, idem., pan trap, 23.–26.vii.2003, KTPC; 6♂, idem., 23.vii.2003, KTPC; 1♂, idem., 05.viii.2003, KTPC; 5♀, 5♂, idem., 06.viii.2003, KTPC; 3♀, 7♂, idem., 07.viii.2003, KTPC; 1♂, idem., pan trap., 27.–29.viii.2003, KTPC; 1♀, 11♂, idem., 27.viii.2003, KTPC; 2♀, 11♂, idem., 28.viii.2003, KTPC; 10♀, 2♂, idem., 24.ix.2003, KTPC; 6♀, idem., 06.x.2003, KTPC; 4♀, idem., 07.x.2003, KTPC; 1♀, idem., pan trap, 06.–07.x.2003, KTPC; 4♀, idem., 29.ix.2006, leg. M. Kuhlmann, KTPC; 7♀, idem., 10.x.2006, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 14.x.2006, KTPC; 1♀, 1♂, Fynbos, 15 km NW Nieuwoudtville, near farm Engelsepunt, 30.viii.2003, leg. K. Timmermann, KTPC; 1♂, idem., 13.ix.2003, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 23.ix. 2003, KTPC; 9♀, idem., pan trap., 23.–25.ix.2003, KTPC; 1♀, 1♂, Hantams Mountains, 30km N Calvinia, road side, dolerite, 01.ix.2007, leg. K. Timmermann and M. Kuhlmann, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 16.ix.2007, KTPC; 3♀, 7 km WNW of Wallekraal on road to Hondeklip Bay, 14.–16.ix.1992, leg. F.W. and S.K. Gess, No. 92/93/101, AMGS; 1♀, Leliefontein, pan trap, 05.ix.2002, leg. C. Mayer, KTPC; 1♂, idem., 07.ix.2003, KTPC; 2♂, idem., 11.ix.2003, KTPC; 1♀, 23.ix.2003, KTPC; 2♀, 25.ix.2003, KTPC; 2♀, idem., 01.x.2003, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 04.x.2003, KTPC; 1♀, Remhoogte, pan trap, 12.ix.2002, leg. C. Mayer, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 16.ix.2002, KTPC; 1♀, idem., 21.ix.2002, KTPC; 4♂, idem., 31.viii.2003, KTPC; 1♂, 05.ix.2003, KTPC; 2♂, idem., 11.ix.2003, KTPC; 1♂, idem., 15.ix.2003, KTPC; 4♀, Witwater, pan trap, 01.x.2003, leg. C. Mayer, KTPC; 2♀, idem., 04.x.2003, KTPC; 1♀, Namaqualand, Kamieskroon, Bakleikraal, 9.–11.x.1994, leg. F.W. and S.K. Gess, AMGS; 1♀, Sors Sors, 9 km NE of Kamieskroon, 12.ix.1992, leg. F.W. and S.K. Gess, AMGS; 43♀, 7♂, Springbok, Goegap Nature Reserve (plains), 07.ix.1992, leg. F.W.and S.K. Gess, No. 92/93/19, 92/93/14, 92/93/15, 92/93/16, AMGS; 1♀, Hester Malan Res., Springbock, 17.ix.1983, leg. V. B. Whitehead, SAM – HYM – B009592, SAMC; 1♂, idem., 29.vi.1985, leg. M. Struck, SANC; 1♀, Nababeep (Nababiep), 06.ix.1992, leg. F.W. and S.K. Gess, AMGS; 1♂, 8–12 km WNW Steinkopf, 14.ix.1984, leg. C. Bellamy, Database No. HYMA 07052, SANC; 2♂, Steinkopf, leg. L. Schultze, AMNH and ZMHB; 3♀, Farm Dassiefontein, near Kamieskroon, 01.ix.1990, leg. C.D. Eardely, SANC.   
 Distribution (Fig. 37). Widespreaded throughout the winter rainfall area.   
 Floral visitation. Arctotis fastuosa, Chrysanthemum spec., Chrysocoma ciliata, Dimorphotheca spec., Dimorphotheca polyptera, Othonna cylindrica, Senecio cf arenarius, Ursinia cakilefolia (Asteraceae), Homeria minuata (Iridaceae), Grielum spec. (Neuradaceae), Oxalis spec. (Oxalidaceae), Diascia elongata (Scrophulariaceae).   
 Seasonal activity (first–last observations). vi–xi.
description: Published as part of Timmermann, Kim & Kuhlmann, Michael, 2009, Variable Selection and Inference for Multi-period Forecasting Problems, pp. 1-188 in Zootaxa 2099 on pages 57-62, DOI: 10.17863/cam.5647, http://zenodo.org/record/5311462