cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the One-Dimensional Ising Model without Detailed Balance Condition
Creators: name: Sakai, Yuji
name: Hukushima, Koji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an irreversible Markov chain Monte Carlo method based on a skew detailed balance condition for an one-dimensional Ising model. Dynamical behavior of the magnetization density is analyzed in order to understand the properties of this method. As a result, it is found theoretically that the relaxation time of the magnetization density is reduced by using some transition probabilities satisfying the skew detailed balance condition, in comparison to that with the corresponding transition probability with the detailed balance condition, and that one of the transition probabilities changes the dynamical critical exponent even with a local spin update.
description: 9 pages, 17 figures
title: H[ilary] E. M. Cool, The Roman Cemetery at Brougham, Cumbria. Excavations 1966–67.
Creators: name: Bridger, Clive
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Rezension zu: H[ilary] E. M. Cool, The Roman Cemetery at Brougham, Cumbria. Excavations 1966–67. Mit Beiträgen von Julie Bond, B. Dickinson, Jeremy Evans, A. P. Fitzpatrick, S. Greep, B. R. Hartley, Jacqueline I. McKinley, Quita Mould, H. W. Pengelly, Fay Worley sowie Lindsay Allason-Jones, M. J. Baxter, Justine Bayley, Sarnia Butcher, Gill Campbell, David Dungworth, Martin Henig, Frank Jenkins, Jacqui Watson, Tony Wilmott. Britannia Monograph Series 21. Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, London 2004. XXVIII und 514 Seiten, 349 Abbildungen, 112 Tabellen, eine CD-ROM.
Inherent polarization entanglement generated from a monolithic semiconductor chip
Creators: name: Horn, Rolf T.
name: Kolenderski, Piotr
name: Kang, Dongpeng
name: Scarcella, Carmelo
name: Della Frera, Adriano
name: Tosi, Alberto
name: Helt, Lukas G.
name: Zhukovsky, Sergei V.
name: Sipe, John E.
name: Weihs, Gregor
name: Helmy, Amr S.
name: Jennewein, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Creating miniature chip scale implementations of optical quantum information protocols is a dream for many in the quantum optics community. This is largely because of the promise of stability and scalability. Here we present a monolithically integratable chip architecture upon which is built a photonic device primitive called a Bragg reflection waveguide (BRW). Implemented in gallium arsenide, we show that, via the process of spontaneous parametric down conversion, the BRW is capable of directly producing polarization entangled photons without additional path difference compensation, spectral filtering or post-selection. After splitting the twin-photons immediately after they emerge from the chip, we perform a variety of correlation tests on the photon pairs and show non-classical behaviour in their polarization. Combined with the BRW's versatile architecture our results signify the BRW design as a serious contender on which to build large scale implementations of optical quantum processing devices.
Technical Report: Cooperative Multi-Target Localization With Noisy Sensors
Creators: name: Dames, Philip
name: Kumar, Vijay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This technical report is an extended version of the paper 'Cooperative Multi-Target Localization With Noisy Sensors' accepted to the 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). This paper addresses the task of searching for an unknown number of static targets within a known obstacle map using a team of mobile robots equipped with noisy, limited field-of-view sensors. Such sensors may fail to detect a subset of the visible targets or return false positive detections. These measurement sets are used to localize the targets using the Probability Hypothesis Density, or PHD, filter. Robots communicate with each other on a local peer-to-peer basis and with a server or the cloud via access points, exchanging measurements and poses to update their belief about the targets and plan future actions. The server provides a mechanism to collect and synthesize information from all robots and to share the global, albeit time-delayed, belief state to robots near access points. We design a decentralized control scheme that exploits this communication architecture and the PHD representation of the belief state. Specifically, robots move to maximize mutual information between the target set and measurements, both self-collected and those available by accessing the server, balancing local exploration with sharing knowledge across the team. Furthermore, robots coordinate their actions with other robots exploring the same local region of the environment.
description: Extended version of paper accepted to 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)
Die Detektorfunde von Altenburg, Gem. Jestetten, Kreis Waldshut – Bemerkungen zur denkmalpflegerischen Problematik
Creators: name: Dehn, Rolf
Publisher: name: Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg
Year: 2016

description: [nicht vorhanden / not available]
description: Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg, Bd. 32, Nr. 1 (2012): Fundberichte aus Baden-Württemberg
Herbaceous Legume Encroachment Reduces Grass Productivity and Density in Arid Rangelands
Creators: name: Wagner, Thomas C.
name: Hane, Susanne
name: Joubert, Dave F.
name: Fischer, Christina
Publisher: name: San Francisco, CA : Public Library of Science
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: woody plant encroachment
subject: south-africa
subject: crotalaria-podocarpa
subject: shrub encroachment
subject: savanna
subject: competition
subject: rainfall
subject: gradient
subject: nitrogen
subject: desert
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften

description: Worldwide savannas and arid grasslands are mainly used for livestock grazing, providing livelihood to over a billion people. While normally dominated by perennial C-4 grasses, these rangelands are increasingly affected by the massive spread of native, mainly woody legumes. The consequences are often a repression of grass cover and productivity, leading to a reduced carrying capacity. While such encroachment by woody plants has been extensively researched, studies on similar processes involving herbaceous species are rare. We studied the impact of a sustained and massive spread of the native herbaceous legume Crotalaria podocarpa in Namibia's escarpment region on the locally dominant fodder grasses Stipagrostis ciliata and Stipagrostis uniplumis. We measured tussock densities, biomass production of individual tussocks and tussock dormancy state of Stipagrostis on ten 10 m x 10 m plots affected and ten similarly-sized plots unaffected by C. podocarpa over eight consecutive years and under different seasonal rainfalls and estimated the potential relative productivity of the land. We found the percentage of active Stipagrostis tussocks and the biomass production of individual tussocks to increase asymptotically with higher seasonal rainfall reaching a maximum around 300 mm while the land's relative productivity under average local rainfall conditions reached only 40% of its potential. Crotalaria podocarpa encroachment had no effect on the proportion of productive grass tussocks, but reduced he productivity of individual Stipagrostis tussocks by a third. This effect of C. podocarpa on grass productivity was immediate and direct and was not compensated for by above-average rainfall. Besides this immediate effect, over time, the density of grass tussocks declined by more than 50% in areas encroached by C. podocarpa further and lastingly reducing the lands carrying capacity. The effects of C. podocarpa on grass productivity hereby resemble those of woody encroachers. Therefore, against the background of global change, the spread of herbaceous legumes and the underlying patterns needs to be further investigated to develop adequate counter measures for a sustainable land use.
title: Wege zur Zielerreichung des guten ökologischen Potenzials am Beispiel der Iller zwischen Krugzell und Lautrach
Creators: name: Stojakowitz, Philipp
Publisher: name: Bundesanstalt für Gewässerkunde, Koblenz
Year: 2019

description: Hydrologie und Wasserbewirtschaftung / BfG – Jahrgang: 63.2019,5 - ISSN 1439-1783
Erica carnea
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: A. carnea X obtusifolia 3:Illhorn(Wolf).
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Living Cell Microarrays: An Overview of Concepts
Creators: name: Jonczyk, Rebecca
name: Kurth, Tracy
name: Lavrentieva, Antonina
name: Walter, Johanna-Gabriela
name: Scheper, Thomas
name: Stahl, Frank
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 3D cell constructs
subject: affinity-based arrays
subject: cell attachment and stimulation
subject: living cell microarrays (LCMAs)
subject: microfluidic devices
subject: organ-on-a-chip (OOC)
subject: transfected cell microarrays
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Living cell microarrays are a highly efficient cellular screening system. Due to the low number of cells required per spot, cell microarrays enable the use of primary and stem cells and provide resolution close to the single-cell level. Apart from a variety of conventional static designs, microfluidic microarray systems have also been established. An alternative format is a microarray consisting of three-dimensional cell constructs ranging from cell spheroids to cells encapsulated in hydrogel. These systems provide an in vivo-like microenvironment and are preferably used for the investigation of cellular physiology, cytotoxicity, and drug screening. Thus, many different high-tech microarray platforms are currently available. Disadvantages of many systems include their high cost, the requirement of specialized equipment for their manufacture, and the poor comparability of results between different platforms. In this article, we provide an overview of static, microfluidic, and 3D cell microarrays. In addition, we describe a simple method for the printing of living cell microarrays on modified microscope glass slides using standard DNA microarray equipment available in most laboratories. Applications in research and diagnostics are discussed, e.g., the selective and sensitive detection of biomarkers. Finally, we highlight current limitations and the future prospects of living cell microarrays.
Convex cocompactness in mapping class groups via quasiconvexity in right-angled Artin groups
Creators: name: Mangahas, Johanna
name: Taylor, Samuel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We characterize convex cocompact subgroups of mapping class groups that arise as subgroups of specially embedded right-angled Artin groups. That is, if the right-angled Artin group G in Mod(S) satisfies certain conditions that imply G is quasi-isometrically embedded in Mod(S), then a purely pseudo-Anosov subgroup H of G is convex cocompact in Mod(S) if and only if it is combinatorially quasiconvex in G. We use this criterion to construct convex cocompact subgroups of Mod(S) whose orbit maps into the curve complex have small Lipschitz constants.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
An Analysis of Predator Selection to Affect Aposematic Coloration in a Poison Frog Species
Creators: name: Dreher, Corinna E.
name: Cummings, Molly E.
name: Pröhl, Heike
Publisher: name: San Francisco : Public Library of Science
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dendrobates-Pumilio
subject: Warning Signals
subject: Oophaga-Pumilio
subject: Natural-Selection
subject: Sexual Selection
subject: Visual Pigments
subject: Fiddler-Crab
subject: UCA-Tangeri
subject: Body-Size
subject: Conspicuousness
subject: Dendrobates pumilio
subject: Oophaga pumilio
subject: Warnsignal
subject: Natürliche Selektion
subject: Selektion
subject: Sexuelle Selektion
subject: Visuelle Pigmente
subject: Winterkrabbe
subject: Uca tangeri
subject: Größe
subject: Sichtbarkeit
subject: Auffälligkeit
subject: Erdbeerfrosch
subject: strawberry poison frog
subject: Erdbeerfrosch
subject: Warnsignal
subject: Natürliche Auslese
subject: Sexuelle Selektion
subject: Visuelle Wahrnehmung
subject: Uca tangeri
subject: Körpergröße
subject: Sichtbarkeit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::590 | Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Natural selection is widely noted to drive divergence of phenotypic traits. Predation pressure can facilitate morphological divergence, for example the evolution of both cryptic and conspicuous coloration in animals. In this context Dendrobatid frogs have been used to study evolutionary forces inducing diversity in protective coloration. The polytypic strawberry poison frog (Oophaga pumilio) shows strong divergence in aposematic coloration among populations. To investigate whether predation pressure is important for color divergence among populations of O. pumilio we selected four mainland populations and two island populations from Costa Rica and Panama. Spectrometric measurements of body coloration were used to calculate color and brightness contrasts of frogs as an indicator of conspicuousness for the visual systems of several potential predators (avian, crab and snake) and a conspecific observer. Additionally, we conducted experiments using clay model frogs of different coloration to investigate whether the local coloration of frogs is better protected than non-local color morphs, and if predator communities vary among populations. Overall predation risk differed strongly among populations and interestingly was higher on the two island populations. Imprints on clay models indicated that birds are the main predators while attacks of other predators were rare. Furthermore, clay models of local coloration were equally likely to be attacked as those of non-local coloration. Overall conspicuousness (and brightness contrast) of local frogs was positively correlated with attack rates by birds across populations. Together with results from earlier studies we conclude that conspicuousness honestly indicates toxicity to avian predators. The different coloration patterns among populations of strawberry poison frogs in combination with behavior and toxicity might integrate into equally efficient anti-predator strategies depending on local predation and other ecological factors.
TatBC-Independent TatA/Tat Substrate Interactions Contribute to Transport Efficiency
Creators: name: Taubert, Johannes
name: Hou, Bo
name: Risselada, H. Jelger
name: Mehner, Denise
name: Lünsdorf, Heinrich
name: Grubmüller, Helmut
name: Brüser, Thomas
Publisher: name: San Francisco : Public Library of Science
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: twin-arginine translocation
subject: dependent protein-transport
subject: coli plasma-membrane
subject: Escherichia-coli
subject: signal peptide
subject: Streptomyces-lividans
subject: pathway specificit
subject: precursor proteins
subject: Bacillus-subtilis
subject: binding-site
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The Tat system can transport folded, signal peptide-containing proteins (Tat substrates) across energized membranes of prokaryotes and plant plastids. A twin-arginine motif in the signal peptide of Tat substrates is recognized by TatC-containing complexes, and TatA permits the membrane passage. Often, as in the model Tat systems of Escherichia coli and plant plastids, a third component-TatB-is involved that resembles TatA but has a higher affinity to TatC. It is not known why most TatA dissociates from TatBC complexes in vivo and distributes more evenly in the membrane. Here we show a TatBC-independent substrate-binding to TatA from Escherichia coli, and we provide evidence that this binding enhances Tat transport. First hints came from in vivo cross-linking data, which could be confirmed by affinity co-purification of TatA with the natural Tat substrates HiPIP and NrfC. Two positions on the surface of HiPIP could be identified that are important for the TatA interaction and transport efficiency, indicating physiological relevance of the interaction. Distributed TatA thus may serve to accompany membrane-interacting Tat substrates to the few TatBC spots in the cells.
Grand-canonical-like molecular-dynamics simulations by using an adaptive-resolution technique
Creators: name: Wang, Han
name: Hartmann, Carsten
name: Schütte, Christof
name: Site, Luigi Delle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we provide a detailed theoretical analysis, supported by numerical tests, of the reliability of the adaptive resolution simulation (AdResS) technique in sampling the Grand Canonical ensemble. We demonstrate that the correct density and radial distribution functions in the hybrid region, where molecules change resolution, are two necessary conditions for considering the atomistic and coarse-grained regions in AdResS equivalent to subsystems of a full atomistic system with an accuracy up to the second order with respect to the probability distribution of the system. Moreover, we show that the work done by the thermostat and a thermodynamic force in the transition region is formally equivalent to balance the chemical potential difference between the different resolutions. From these results follows the main conclusion that the atomistic region exchanges molecules with the coarse-grained region in a Grand Canonical fashion with an accuracy up to (at least) second order. Numerical tests, for the relevant case of liquid water at ambient conditions, are carried out to strengthen the conclusions of the theoretical analysis. Finally, in order to show the computational convenience of AdResS as a Grand Canonical set up, we compare our method to the Insertion Particle Method (IMP) in its most efficient computational implementation. This fruitful combination of theoretical principles and numerical evidence candidates the adaptive resolution technique as a natural, general and efficient protocol for Grand Canonical Molecular Dynamics for the case of large systems.
A convergent linear finite element scheme for the Maxwell-Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation
Creators: name: Banas, L'ubomir
name: Page, Marcus
name: Praetorius, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N30, 65N50

description: We consider a lowest-order finite element discretization of the nonlinear system of Maxwell's and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equations (MLLG). Two algorithms are proposed to numerically solve this problem, both of which only require the solution of at most two linear systems per timestep. One of the algorithms is fully decoupled in the sense that each timestep consists of the sequential computation of the magnetization and afterwards the magnetic and electric field. Under some mild assumptions on the effective field, we show that both algorithms converge towards weak solutions of the MLLG system. Numerical experiments for a micromagnetic benchmark problem demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithms.
description: 25 pages, submitted for publication
title: Factors Influencing Music Therapy Career Choice in the United States
title: A Study of Student Values and Expectancies
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Scheppmann, Margaret R.
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The understanding of why students decide to become music therapists is valuable information for music therapy educators and policy makers and published information is lacking. The use of expectancy-value theory provides a framework to understand student choices. Researchers can better understand why students purse a career in music therapy by examining students’ abilities, beliefs, expectancies, and values related to the choice. The purpose of this study was to examine why current undergraduate and equivalency students want to be music therapists. Music therapy students (N = 129) throughout the United States provided insight into their decision to become music therapists by completing a survey with questions about their expectancies and values. Results indicated that both undergraduate and equivalency students tended to choose to be music therapists because they expected music therapy to be a career that requires hard work and expert knowledge while maintaining their interest and morale. Results of a correlational analysis suggest there are several choice-making variables that may influence each other, indicating that the decision to become a music therapist is a complex process for students. Finally, the results of a Mann-Whitney U test suggested that there was no significant difference between the expectancies and values that influenced undergraduate and equivalency students’ choices to become music therapists. Music therapists in many capacities may use this information to improve recruitment and engagement of music therapy students.
description: Copyright © Margaret R. Scheppmann 2019
CRC/TRR 270 Z-INF - Inside a multidisciplinary joint project
Creators: name: Grönewald, Matthias
name: Niekamp, Rainer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Poster
FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
HeFDI - Hessische Forschungsdateninfrastrukturen
Z-INF
HeFDI Plenary
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)

description: Poster über das Z-INF Projekt des SFB/TRR 270 HoMMage, präsentiert auf dem HeFDI Plenary 2020.
MJK2, a K+Channel from M. Jannaschii Mediates pH Dependent Potassium Transport Activity
Creators: name: Zeilinger, Carsten
Publisher: name: OMICS Pub. Group : Sunnyvale, Calif.
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: MjK2
subject: K+ channel 2 of M. jannaschii
subject: RCK
subject: Regulator of Conductance of Potassium
subject: Reconstitution
subject: Single channel recording
subject: PBFI
subject: Benzofuranisophthalate dye
subject: Methanococcus jannaschii
subject: Methanocaldococcus jannaschii
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: MjK2 was expressed in E. coli cells as a fusion protein containing N-or C-terminal an antibody binding site and a histidinehexamer. The C-terminal tagged fusion protein allows the expression and purification of an extra soluble RCK domain at p34 kDa, whereas this additional RCK domain was lost when the N-terminal tagged construct was used. Upon removal of the fusion peptide from the purified N-terminal tagged channel monomer, MjK2 occurred as a stable tetramer when incubated with synthetic lipid. The channel activity was studied after reconstitution into liposomes by single channel recording or by an optical assay with the potassium sensing dye, PBFI. First the channel function was improved by single channel recording. Single channel recording confirmed the pH dependence of the channel activity with single channel conductances of 42, 70, 85 and 202 pS and indicated that a functional K+ channel was formed. To study the function of the reconstituted MjK2 activity in an optical assay the potassium release was initiated when the external BaCl2 block was compensated by addition of EDTA. The release of potassium was mediated by reconstituted MjK2 at low pH or by the presence of internal calcium at high pH. MgCl2 had no or weak effect, whereas cAMP at low pH caused a complete loss of potassium during the preparation. Alignments studies revealed that MjK2 has different structural features in the channel pore and the RCK composition and therefore a different function can be expected. Amino acid sequence and structural alignments showed that a Ca2+ binding site and a typical nucleotide-binding site is not present in the RCK domain of MjK2 and therefore a different behavior could be expected. In addition a lysine reach linker region as found in human sperm K+ channels hslo1 and hslo3can play similar role in the gating behavior.
Atmospheric Dependence of the Stopping Cosmic Ray Muon Rate at Ground Level
Creators: name: Bernero, Greg
name: Olitsky, Jacob
name: Schumacher, Reinhard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rate of low energy (< 150 MeV) cosmic ray muons was measured at ground level as a function of several atmospheric parameters. Stopped muons were detected in a plastic scintillator block and correlations were determined using a linear regression model. A strong anti-correlation between fractional changes in the ground-level pressure and stopping muon rate of -3.0 +- 0.5 was found, and also a -4.1 +- 0.5 anti-correlation with the fractional change in atmospheric height at 10 kPa pressure. A weak positive correlation with the 10 kPa temperature was also found, but it was shown not to be statistically significant in our data set. The same analysis was applied to the total rate of all charged cosmic ray particles detected with the same apparatus, and good agreement with previous work was seen. The pressure and height correlation parameters for stopping muons are larger than for the total rate of all charged particles by factors of about 1.6 and 3.7, respectively.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics G; 8 pages, 6 figures
Science with the ASTRI prototype
Creators: name: Sartore, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ASTRI (Astrofisica a Specchi con Tecnologia Replicante Italiana) is a "Flagship Project" financed by the Italian Ministry of Instruction, University and Research and led by the Italian National Institute of Astrophysics. It represents the Italian proposal for the development of the Small Size Telescope system of the Cherenkov Telescope Array, the next generation observatory for Very High Energy gamma-rays (20 GeV - 100 TeV). The ASTRI end-to-end prototype will be installed at Serra La Nave (Catania, Italy) and it will see the first light at the beginning of 2014. We describe the expected performance of the prototype on few selected test cases of the northern emisphere. The aim of the prototype is to probe the technological solutions and the nominal performance of the various telescope's subsystems.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To be published in Proceedings of the 9th Workshop on "Science with the New Generation of High-Energy Gamma-Ray Experiments" (SciNeGHE 2012) held in Lecce, Italy, on June 20-22, 2012
Brassica napus L. cultivars show a broad variability in their morphology, physiology and metabolite levels in response to sulfur limitations and to pathogen attack
Creators: name: Weese, Annekathrin
name: Pallmann, Philip
name: Papenbrock, Jutta
name: Riemenschneider, Anja
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: canola
subject: diurnal rhythm
subject: elemental sulfur
subject: metabolites
subject: Verticillium longisporum
subject: Raps
subject: Canola
subject: Tagesrhythmus
subject: Schwefel
subject: Abbauprodukt
subject: Stoffwechselprodukt
subject: Canola
subject: Tagesrhythmus
subject: Schwefel
subject: Metabolit
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Under adequate sulfur supply, plants accumulate sulfate in the vacuoles and use sulfur-containing metabolites as storage compounds. Under sulfur-limiting conditions, these pools of stored sulfur-compounds are depleted in order to balance the nitrogen to sulfur ratio for protein synthesis. Stress conditions like sulfur limitation and/or pathogen attack induce changes in the sulfate pool and the levels of sulfur-containing metabolites, which often depend on the ecotypes or cultivars. We are interested in investigating the influence of the genetic background of canola (Brassica napus) cultivars in sulfur-limiting conditions on the resistance against Verticillium longisporum. Therefore, four commercially available Brassica. napus cultivars were analyzed. These high-performing cultivars differ in some characteristics described in their cultivar pass, such as several agronomic traits, differences in the size of the root system, and resistance to certain pathogens, such as Phoma and Verticillium. The objectives of the study were to examine and explore the patterns of morphological, physiological and metabolic diversity in these Brassica. napus cultivars at different sulfur concentrations and in the context of plant defense. Results indicate that the root systems are influenced differently by sulfur deficiency in the cultivars. Total root dry mass and length of root hairs differ not only among the cultivars but also vary in their reaction to sulfur limitation and pathogen attack. As a sensitive indicator of stress, several parameters of photosynthetic activity determined by PAM imaging showed a broad variability among the treatments. These results were supported by thermographic analysis. Levels of sulfur-containing metabolites also showed large variations. The data were interrelated to predict the specific behavior during sulfur limitation and/or pathogen attack. Advice for farming are discussed.
On choosability with separation of planar graphs with lists of different sizes
Creators: name: Kierstead, Hal
name: Lidický, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.2
subject: 05C10, 05C15

description: A (k,d)-list assignment L of a graph G is a mapping that assigns to each vertex v a list L(v) of at least k colors and for any adjacent pair xy, the lists L(x) and L(y) share at most d colors. A graph G is (k,d)-choosable if there exists an L-coloring of G for every (k,d)-list assignment L. This concept is also known as choosability with separation. It is known that planar graphs are (4,1)-choosable but it is not known if planar graphs are (3,1)-choosable. We strengthen the result that planar graphs are (4,1)-choosable by allowing an independent set of vertices to have lists of size 3 instead of 4.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
A Massive Protostar Forming by Ordered Collapse of a Dense, Massive Core
Creators: name: Zhang, Yichen
name: Tan, Jonathan C.
name: De Buizer, James M.
name: Sandell, Goran
name: Beltran, Maria T.
name: Churchwell, Ed
name: McKee, Christopher F.
name: Shuping, Ralph
name: Staff, Jan E.
name: Telesco, Charles
name: Whitney, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 30 and 40 micron imaging of the massive protostar G35.20-0.74 with SOFIA-FORCAST. The high surface density of the natal core around the protostar leads to high extinction, even at these relatively long wavelengths, causing the observed flux to be dominated by that emerging from the near-facing outflow cavity. However, emission from the far-facing cavity is still clearly detected. We combine these results with fluxes from the near-infrared to mm to construct a spectral energy distribution (SED). For isotropic emission the bolometric luminosity would be 3.3x10^4 Lsun. We perform radiative transfer modeling of a protostar forming by ordered, symmetric collapse from a massive core bounded by a clump with high mass surface density, Sigma_cl. To fit the SED requires protostellar masses ~20-34 Msun depending on the outflow cavity opening angle (35 - 50 degrees), and Sigma_cl ~ 0.4-1 g cm-2. After accounting for the foreground extinction and the flashlight effect, the true bolometric luminosity is ~ (0.7-2.2)x10^5 Lsun. One of these models also has excellent agreement with the observed intensity profiles along the outflow axis at 10, 18, 31 and 37 microns. Overall our results support a model of massive star formation involving the relatively ordered, symmetric collapse of a massive, dense core and the launching bipolar outflows that clear low density cavities. Thus a unified model may apply for the formation of both low and high mass stars.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted to ApJ
title: Estimating Waterbird Abundance on Catfish Aquaculture Ponds Using an Unmanned Aerial System
Creators: name: Burr, Paul C
name: Samiappan, Sathishkumar
name: Hathcock, Lee A
name: Moorhead, Robert J
name: Dorr, Brian S
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: In this study, we examined the use of an unmanned aerial system (UAS) to monitor fish-eating birds on catfish (Ictalurus spp.) aquaculture facilities in Mississippi, USA. We tested 2 automated computer algorithms to identify bird species using mosaicked imagery taken from a UAS platform. One algorithm identified birds based on color alone (color segmentation), and the other algorithm used shape recognition (template matching), and the results of each algorithm were compared directly to manual counts of the same imagery. We captured digital imagery of great egrets (Ardea alba), great blue herons (A. herodias), and double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) on aquaculture facilities in Mississippi. When all species were combined, template matching algorithm produced an average accuracy of 0.80 (SD = 0.58), and color segmentation algorithm produced an average accuracy of 0.67 (SD = 0.67), but each was highly dependent on weather, image quality, habitat characteristics, and characteristics of the birds themselves. Egrets were successfully counted using both color segmentation and template matching. Template matching performed best for great blue herons compared to color segmentation, and neither algorithm performed well for cormorants. Although the computer-guided identification in this study was highly variable, UAS show promise as an alternative monitoring tool for birds at aquaculture facilities.
Integrable three-state vertex models with weights lying on genus five curves
Creators: name: Martins, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Yang-Baxter algebra for $\mathrm{U}(1)$ invariant three-state vertex models whose Boltzmann weights configurations break explicitly the parity-time reversal symmetry. We uncover two families of regular Lax operators with nineteen non-null weights which ultimately sit on algebraic plane curves with genus five. We argue that these curves admit degree two morphisms onto elliptic curves and thus they are bielliptic. The associated $\mathrm{R}$-matrices are non-additive in the spectral parameters and it has been checked that they satisfy the Yang-Baxter equation. The respective integrable quantum spin-1 Hamiltonians are exhibited.
description: 53 pages
The multi-protein family of sulfotransferases in plants: composition, occurrence, substrate specificity, and functions
Creators: name: Hirschmann, Felix
name: Krause, Florian
name: Papenbrock, Jutta
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Arabidopsis thaliana
subject: glucosinolate
subject: histidine residue
subject: phosphoadenosine 5 ‘-phosphosulfate
subject: Sulfotransferase
subject: Ackerschmalwand
subject: Brassicaceae
subject: Kreuzblütengewächs
subject: Glucosinolate
subject: Senfölglycoside
subject: Histidin
subject: 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate
subject: PAPS
subject: Sulfotransferasen
subject: Ackerschmalwand
subject: Kreuzblütler
subject: Glucosinolate
subject: Histidin
subject: Phosphoadenosinphosphosulfat
subject: Sulfotransferasen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: All members of the sulfotransferase (SOT, EC 2.8.2.-) protein family transfer a sulfuryl group from the donor 3’-phosphoadenosine 5’-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to an appropriate hydroxyl group of several classes of substrates. The primary structure of these enzymes is characterized by a histidine residue in the active site, defined PAPS binding sites and a longer SOT domain. Proteins with this SOT domain occur in all organisms from all three domains, usually as a multi-protein family. Arabidopsis thaliana SOTs, the best characterized SOT multi-protein family, contains 21 members. The substrates for several plant enzymes have already been identified, such as glucosinolates, brassinosteroids, jasmonates, flavonoids, and salicylic acid. Much information has been gathered on desulfoglucosinolate (dsGl) SOTs in A. thaliana. The three cytosolic dsGI SOTs show slightly different expression patterns. The recombinant proteins reveal differences in their affinity to indolic and aliphatic dsGls. Also the respective recombinant dsGl SOTs from different A. thaliana ecotypes differ in their kinetic properties. However, determinants of substrate specificity and the exact reaction mechanism still need to be clarified. Probably, the three-dimensional structures of more plant proteins need to be solved to analyze the mode of action and the responsible amino acids for substrate binding. In addition to A. thaliana, more plant species from several families need to be investigated to fully elucidate the diversity of sulfated molecules and the way of biosynthesis catalyzed by SOT enzymes.
title: Efficacy of an Online Native Snake Identification Search Engine for Public Use
Creators: name: Henke, Scott E
name: Kahl, Samantha S
name: Wester, David B
name: Perry, Gad
name: Britton, David
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2019

description: Visual methods of species identification are used both in research and recreational contexts because they are inexpensive, non-invasive, and believed to be effective among uniquely identifiable individuals. We examined the ability of the general public to identify live snakes (Serpentes) that are native to the United States using an online snake identification search engine (SISE) produced by the North America Brown Tree Snake Control Team (NABTSCT) website, http://www.nabtsct.net. The SISE consisted of participants answering 7 descriptive questions concerning a snake and then reviewing photographs of snakes that matched that description. Using 3 species of snakes native to Texas, USA, 21% of 395 participants were able to correctly identify all of the snakes using the online SISE, 54% correctly identified 2 snakes, 18% correctly identified 1 snake, and only 7% could not identify any snakes. Participants identified the distinctly marked checkered garter snake (Thamnophis marcianus) more readily (87% of participants) than the gopher snake (Pituophis catenifer) and Trans-Pecos rat snake (Bogertophis subocularis; 55% and 46% of participants, respectively). The probability of participants correctly identifying a snake using the online SISE increased substantially if ≥4 of the 7 descriptive questions were answered correctly. The age of participants and affinity toward snakes affected participant ability to correctly answer questions about snake morphology and identify snakes. In general, participants who displayed fear of snakes were less likely to correctly identify snake species than those who expressed a snake-neutral or enthusiast attitude. Additionally, younger participants performed better, on average, than older participants. Most participants (97%) claimed they would be able to use the online SISE to correctly identify other snakes in the future. We believe the public can use the online SISE to identify snakes, and hence, it can be an educational tool for the public to learn about an often neglected wildlife suborder.
On the size and location of the X-ray emitting coronae around black holes
Creators: name: Reis, R. C.
name: Miller, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of energetic X-ray emission from black holes, inconsistent with thermal emission from an accretion disk, has long indicated the presence of a "corona" around these objects. However, our knowledge of the geometry, composition, and processes within black hole coronae is severely lacking. Basic questions regarding their size and location are still a topic of debate. In this letter, we show that for black holes with luminosities $L\gtrsim10^{-2}L_{Edd}$ -- characteristic of many Seyferts, quasars, and stellar-mass black holes (in their brighter states) -- advanced imaging and timing data strongly favor X-ray emitting regions that are highly compact, and only a few Gravitational radii above the accretion disk. The inclusion of a large number of possible systematics uncertainties does not significantly change this conclusion with our results still suggesting emission from within $\sim20$\rg\ in all cases. This result favors coronal models wherein most of the hard X-ray emission derives from magnetic reconnection in the innermost disk and/or from processes in the compact base of a central, relativistic jet.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ-letters
Salicornia as a crop plant in temperate regions: selection of genetically characterized ecotypes and optimization of their cultivation conditions
Creators: name: Singh, Devesh
name: Buhmann, Anne K.
name: Flowers, Tim J.
name: Seal, Charlotte E.
name: Papenbrock, Jutta
Publisher: name: Oxford : Oxford Univ Press
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomass
subject: ETS
subject: germination
subject: Salicornia species
subject: salinity
subject: Biomasse
subject: External transcribed spacer
subject: Keimung
subject: Salicornia
subject: Amaranthaceae
subject: Salicornica
subject: Fuchsschwanzgewächse
subject: Biomasse
subject: Keimung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Rising sea levels and salinization of groundwater due to global climate change result in fast-dwindling sources of freshwater. Therefore, it is important to find alternatives to grow food crops and vegetables. Halophytes are naturally evolved salt-tolerant plants that are adapted to grow in environments that inhibit the growth of most glycophytic crop plants substantially. Members of the Salicornioideae are promising candidates for saline agriculture due to their high tolerance to salinity. Our aim was to develop genetically characterized lines of Salicornia and Sarcocornia for further breeding and to determine optimal cultivation conditions. To obtain a large and diverse genetic pool, seeds were collected from different countries and ecological conditions. The external transcribed spacer (ETS) sequence of 62 Salicornia and Sarcocornia accessions was analysed: ETS sequence data showed a clear distinction between the two genera and between different Salicornia taxa. However, in some cases the ETS was not sufficiently variable to resolve morphologically distinct species. For the determination of optimal cultivation conditions, experiments on germination, seedling establishment and growth to a harvestable size were performed using different accessions of Salicornia spp. Experiments revealed that the percentage germination was greatest at lower salinities and with temperatures of 20/10 degrees C (day/night). Salicornia spp. produced more harvestable biomass in hydroponic culture than in sand culture, but the nutrient concentration requires optimization as hydroponically grown plants showed symptoms of stress. Salicornia ramosissima produced more harvestable biomass than Salicornia dolichostachya in artificial sea water containing 257 mM NaCl. Based on preliminary tests on ease of cultivation, gain in biomass, morphology and taste, S. dolichostachya was investigated in more detail, and the optimal salinity for seedling establishment was found to be 100 mM. Harvesting of S. dolichostachya twice in a growing season was successful, but the interval between the harvests needs to be optimized to maximize biomass production.
The type of ploidy of chrysanthemum is not black or white: a comparison of a molecular approach to published cytological methods
Creators: name: Klie, Maik
name: Schie, Stephan
name: Linde, Marcus
name: Debener, Thomas
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Allopolyploidy
subject: Autopolyploidy
subject: Molecular marker
subject: Polysomic inheritance
subject: Single dose markers
subject: Linkage in repulsion
subject: Allopolyploidie
subject: Autopolyploidie
subject: molekularer Marker
subject: Vererbung
subject: Einzeldosis
subject: Marker
subject: Genkopplung
subject: Genetische Kopplung
subject: Chrysanthemum indicum
subject: Chrysanthemum
subject: Chrysantheme
subject: Polyploidie
subject: Markierungsgen
subject: Vererbung
subject: Marker
subject: Einzeldosis
subject: Faktorenkopplung
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Polyploidy is a widespread phenomenon among higher plants and a major factor shaping the structure and evolution of plant genomes. The important ornamental chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum hybrid) possesses a hexaploid genome with 54 chromosomes and was classified based on its evolutionary origin and cytological methods as an allopolyploid. However, it is questionable whether cytological methods are sufficient to determine the type of ploidy, and there are more informative methods available based on molecular marker analyses. Therefore, we collected segregation data for 406 dominant molecular marker alleles [327 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLPs), 65 single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCPs) and 14 microsatellites (EST-SSRs)] in a biparental F1 population of 160 individuals. We analyzed these data for the characteristics that differ between allopolyploids and autopolyploids, including the segregation ratio of each marker, the ratio of single-dose (SD) to multi-dose (MD) markers, the ratio of SD markers in coupling to those in repulsion and the banding patterns of the SSRs. Whereas the analysis of the segregation ratio of each polymorphic marker indicated disomic (13 markers) as well as hexasomic (eight markers) inheritance, the ratio of SD markers in coupling to those in repulsion was 1:0, which is characteristic of autopolyploids. The observed ratio of SD to MD markers was 0.67:0.33 which is significantly different to the expected segregation for auto- and allohexaploids. Furthermore, the three EST-SSR alleles were inherited in all possible combinations and were not independent of each other, as expected for fixed heterozygosity in allopolyploids. Combining our results with published cytological data indicates that cultivated chrysanthemums should be classified as segmental allohexaploids.