cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Market Mechanism with Endogenous Information Acquisition: Cournot Oligopoly Case
Creators: name: Li, Lode
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: The question of how an efficient competitive equilibrium could be reached through a pricing mechanism in which the information acquisition is endogenously determined is addressed. The traditional oligopoly market is extended to include an ex ante information market when there is uncertainty either in the cost function or the demand function. Equilibrium behavior is characterized in a two-stage noncooperative game involving n production firms and m research firms in the industry. As the environment becomes more competitive, meaning, both the information market and the tangible good market become large, the equilibrium random price of the product converges almost surely to its competitive price level with certainty and consequently the total social welfare (consumer plus producer surplus) is maximized.
description: I gratefully acknowledge the insightful suggestion of my former teacher Morton Kamien. The paper is a continuation work on the basis of "Optimal Research for Cournot Oligopolists," a joint work with my colleagues Richard D. McKelvey and Talbot Page, I have also benefited from my discussion with Leonid Hurwicz and Quang H. Vuong.
description: Submitted - sswp571.pdf
Allarete nigra Mamaev 1994
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Jaschhof, Catrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Allarete
Allarete nigra

description: Allarete nigra Mamaev, 1994
Allarete nigra has so far been known from a very few specimens collected in Finland, Austria, Kirghizstan, and Far East Russia (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014), which suggests this species is trans-Palearctic in distribution. Here we report a single male specimen from the Swedish province of Västerbotten. This is the first record of the genus Allarete Pritchard in Sweden.
Material. Male (CEC4), Sweden, Västerbotten, Vindeln, Kulbäcksliden Experimental Park, 1–18 Aug. 2003, SMTP (trap 56, collecting event 199).
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2015, New species and new distribution records of Lestremiinae, Micromyinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Sweden, pp. 159-174 in Zootaxa 3973 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/234218
Apicencya waterloti
Creators: name: Randriamanantsoa, Richard
name: Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre
name: Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly
name: Ratnadass, Alain
name: Vercambre, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Apicencya
Apicencya waterloti

description: Apicencya waterloti (Dewailly, 1950)
(Fig. 22 O-Q)
Couleur jaunâtre. Silhouette fusiforme, très large, effilée aux extrémités. Pronotum subtriangulaire. Épines orientées vers l’arrière sur les tergites 2 à 5. Épines espacées sur les quatre premiers sternites visibles. Première paire de stigmates abdominaux cachée sous les ptérothèques; 3 paires de stigmates bien développés sur les tergites II-IV; 2 paires de stigmates effacés sur les tergites V-VI; 2 paires de stigmates vestigiaux sur les tergites VII-VIII. Structures ano-génitales externes avec une capsule génitale saillante de forte taille. Crochets apicaux larges, incurvés, chacun portant 2 courtes épines à l’apex, légèrement écartés, convergents, non sclérifiés. Spécimens conservés dans les collections du Fofifa (1 nymphe) et du Cirad-CBGP (1 nymphe).
description: Published as part of Randriamanantsoa, Richard, Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre, Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly, Ratnadass, Alain & Vercambre, Bernard, 2010, Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar, pp. 19-72 in Zoosystema 32 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4520753
Batraxis longithorax Wang & Yin, 2016, new species
Creators: name: Wang, Dan
name: Yin, Zi-Wei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Batraxis
Batraxis longithorax

description: Batraxis longithorax, new species
(Figs 4 B, 11G–I, 14Q, 15)
Type material (1 Ƌ). Holotype: CHINA: Ƌ, labeled ‘ CHINA: Guangxi, Jinxiu Country (金秀县), Luohan Shan (罗汉山), 24°08'02"N, 110°07'38"E, beech forest, mixed leaf litter, grass, sifted, alt. 790 m, 12.vii.2014, Peng, Song, Yu & Yan leg.’ (SNUC).
Diagnosis of male. Body pubescent; frons with complete subantennal transverse sulcus; antennomeres IX strongly transverse, IX enlarged; pronotum with shallow median antebasal fovea and distinct basal impression; all tibiae slender; protrochanters strongly protuberant ventrally, profemora simple, protibiae lacking protuberance, mesotibiae lacking apical spur; tergite IV with narrow basal sulcus, discal carinae long, moderately close, with relatively long marginal carinae; aedeagus elongate.
Description. Male (Fig. 4 B). Body reddish-brown, pubescent, length 1.76 mm. Head slightly trapezoidal, slightly longer than wide, HL 0.40 mm, HW 0.37 mm, vertex moderately convex, with pair of distinct vertexal foveae; antennal tubercles low; frons flattened and narrow, subantennal transverse sulcus complete, anterior margin of V-shaped vertexal sulcus merging with subantennal sulcus and connecting foveae; each eye composed of about 30 facets; antennae thick, antennomeres III slightly elongate, IV as long as wide, V‒X transverse, XI largest, widest at basal fourth; median gular carina narrow, with two separated nude foveae. Pronotum as long as wide, PL 0.35 mm, PW 0.34 mm, with shallow median antebasal fovea and complete basal impression. Elytra wider than long, EL 0.48 mm, EW 0.64 mm, each elytron with two shallow foveae at base. Protrochanters strongly protuberant at ventral margin (Fig. 14 Q), mesotarsomeres II expanded at apex. Abdomen slightly wider than long, AL 0.53 mm, AW 0.60 mm, slightly narrowed at base; tergite IV (first visible tergite) with narrow basal sulcus; discal carinae long, moderately close, extending to half of tergal length, width between carinae 0.20 mm at apices; marginal carinae extending to half of tergal length. Aedeagus (Fig. 11 G–I) 0.31 mm in length, elongate, parameres slightly exceeding apex of median lobe, rounded apically, each with two apical setae; endophallus with several weakly sclerotized and nearly symmetric sclerites.
Female. Unknown.
Comparative notes. Batraxis longithorax can be readily separated from all other congeners by several unique characters, i.e. the relatively elongate pronotum, thick antennae, and expanded mesotarsomeres II.
Distribution. China: Guangxi (Fig. 15).
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the elongate pronotum.
description: Published as part of Wang, Dan & Yin, Zi-Wei, 2016, New species and records of Batraxis Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) in continental China, pp. 443-465 in Zootaxa 4147 (4) on pages 451-452, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/256541
title: Lettre n°523 de Paul d'Estournelles de Constant à Nicholas Murray Butler (25 avril 1919)
title: Letter number 523 from Paul d'Estournelles de Constant to Nicholas Murray Butler (April 25, 1919)
Creators: name: d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Pacifisme
Guerre mondiale (1914-1918)

description: Source: Archives de la Sarthe – France
title: Rapport de voyage, D'Artagnan (1924) : Ligne de Chine et Japon, 1934, n°26
Creators: name: Clarice, Jules
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Compagnie des Messageries Maritimes
subject: Transports maritimes - Histoire
subject: Marine marchande
subject: Journaux de bord

description: Chapitrage : Rapport du commandant - Rapport de mer
description: Source: French Lines & Compagnies, 1997 002 4018-30
description: Coverage: 1934-10-05/1934-12-19
The Economic Value of Resource Flexibility
Creators: name: Li, Lode
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: The economic value of resource flexibility is discussed in the context of a model of a two-stage production process with stochastic variability. A unique optimal barrier policy is characterized with any level of capacity flexibility. The more flexible the capacities, the lower the optimal inventory limit and the higher the profit of the producer. A diffusion approximation of the model is also discussed.
description: I gratefully acknowledge the insightful suggestions of Erhan Cinlar and Michael J. Harrison.
description: Submitted - sswp570.pdf
Aprionus caucasicus Mamaev & Jaschhof 1997
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Jaschhof, Catrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Aprionus
Aprionus caucasicus

description: Aprionus caucasicus Mamaev & Jaschhof, 1997
Aprionus caucasicus is rarely collected and previously known only from the Russian Near East and Germany (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). A single male was recently found by us in Skåne`s Stenshuvud National Park, south Sweden, a locality intensively sampled for Micromyinae over several years.
Material. Male (CEC5), Sweden, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud National Park, 27 May 2010, M. & C. Jaschhof.
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2015, New species and new distribution records of Lestremiinae, Micromyinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Sweden, pp. 159-174 in Zootaxa 3973 (1) on page 170, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/234218
Dimensions of Parallelism: Some Policy Applications of Experimental Methods
Creators: name: Plott, Charles R.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1986

description: This paper outlines several strategies that have been employed in attempts to use experimental methods for actual policy decisions. The topic to be explored is how policy issues have been posed in policy related studies so that experimental methods could be applied. The discussion is limited to ten instances that have involved me personally at some level of effort.
description: The financial support of the National Science Foundation and the Caltech Program for Enterprise and Public Policy is gratefully acknowledged, I also wish to thank Alvin Roth and Howard Kunreuther who provided comments on an early draft. 
description: Published as Plott, Charles R. "Dimensions of parallelism: Some policy applications of experimental methods." Laboratory experimentation in economics: Six points of view (1987): 193-219.
Empecta scutata
Creators: name: Randriamanantsoa, Richard
name: Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre
name: Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly
name: Ratnadass, Alain
name: Vercambre, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Empecta
Empecta scutata

description: Empecta scutata (Fairmaire, 1901)
(Fig. 22 R-T)
Couleur jaunâtre. Silhouette fusiforme et large. Pronotum plus ou moins arrondi. Segments abdominaux visibles VII à X un peu plus étroits que les précédents. Crochets apicaux pointus, fins, avec un petit lobe arrondi à la base, accolés, divergents en «T ». Première paire de stigmates abdominaux cachée sous les ptérothèques, aux contours émoussés, plus petits que ceux des tergites suivants; 1 paire de stigmates aux contours bien marqués sur les tergites II-IV; 1 paire de stigmates effacés sur les tergites V-VI; 1 paire de stigmates vestigiaux sur les tergites VII-IX. Spécimens conservés dans les collections du Fofifa (4 nymphes) et du MNHN (1 nymphe).
description: Published as part of Randriamanantsoa, Richard, Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre, Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly, Ratnadass, Alain & Vercambre, Bernard, 2010, Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar, pp. 19-72 in Zoosystema 32 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4520753
title: Lettre n°384bis de Paul d'Estournelles de Constant à Nicholas Murray Butler (12 mai 1918)
title: Letter number 384bis from Paul d'Estournelles de Constant to Nicholas Murray Butler (May 12, 1918)
Creators: name: d'Estournelles de Constant, Paul
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022
Subjects: Pacifisme
Guerre mondiale (1914-1918)

description: Source: Archives de la Sarthe – France
Aprionus pratincolus Jaschhof & Meyer 1995
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Jaschhof, Catrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Aprionus
Aprionus pratincolus

description: Aprionus pratincolus Jaschhof & Meyer, 1995
Occurrence of this species in Sweden does not come unexpectedly, considering it has previously been found in Norway, Germany, Estonia, and Latvia (also Kazakhstan, see Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2009).
Material. 5 males (CEC11–15), Sweden, Gotland, Roleks, 8–18 July 2003, 19 Aug.–6 Sep. 2004, 10 April–6 June 2005, SMTP (trap 28, collecting events 488, 1460, 1464); male (CEC16), Östergötland, Omberg, Stocklycke, 2–23 Aug. 2005, SMTP (trap 14, collecting event 1655).
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2015, New species and new distribution records of Lestremiinae, Micromyinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Sweden, pp. 159-174 in Zootaxa 3973 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/234218
Unanimous Consent Agreements: Going along in the Senate
Creators: name: Krehbiel, Keith
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985
Subjects: Senators, Upper houses, United States Senate, Expected utility, Political science, Temptation, Wheat, Presidential debates, Congressional voting, Political debate

description: In recent decades the U. S. Senate has made increasing use of complex unanimous consent agreements (UCAs) to set a time for a final vote on legislation (thereby precluding filibusters) and to specify, for example, who may offer what amendments. Because of the numerous dilatory tactics permitted in the absence of a UCA, controversial legislation is typically doomed unless a prior agreement has been reached. Thus the norm of consent to unanimous consent requests (UCRs) is puzzling. This paper addresses the puzzle with a decision-theoretic model of consent which yields what appears to be a rather stringent condition for objection to a UCR. Two actual cases of objection are analyzed and seem quite consistent with comparative statics results derived from the model. A concluding discussion considers UCAs as instances of endogenously chosen institutions which provide Senate leaders with opportunities to induce cooperative behavior.
description: I am grateful to Tom Gilligan and Doug Rivers for helpful conversations and comments, and to Walter Oleszek for bringing the cases to my attention.

Published as Krehbiel, Keith. "Unanimous consent agreements: Going along in the Senate." The Journal of Politics 48.3 (1986): 541-564.
description: Submitted - sswp568.pdf
Hoplochelus betanimena
Creators: name: Randriamanantsoa, Richard
name: Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre
name: Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly
name: Ratnadass, Alain
name: Vercambre, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Hoplochelus
Hoplochelus betanimena

description: Hoplochelus betanimena (Künckel, 1887)
(Fig. 22 U-W)
Couleur jaunâtre. Silhouette fusiforme et étroite. Pronotum antérieurement anguleux. Première paire de stigmates abdominaux cachée sous les ptérothèques, plus petits que ceux des tergites suivants; 1 paire de stigmates aux contours bien marqués et sclérifiés sur les tergites II-IV; 1 paire de stigmates effacés sur les tergites V-IX. Segments abdominaux visibles VII à X un peu plus effilés que les précédents. Crochets apicaux petits, effilés, accolés, divergents en «V », entièrement sclérifiés. Spécimens conservés dans la collection du Fofifa (1 nymphe) et du MNHN (1 nymphe).
description: Published as part of Randriamanantsoa, Richard, Aberlenc, Henri-Pierre, Ralisoa, Olga Bakoly, Ratnadass, Alain & Vercambre, Bernard, 2010, Les larves des Scarabaeoidea (Insecta, Coleoptera) en riziculture pluviale des régions de haute et moyenne altitudes du Centre de Madagascar, pp. 19-72 in Zoosystema 32 (1) on page 43, DOI: 10.5252/z2010n1a2, http://zenodo.org/record/4520753
A Note on Taxation, Development and Representative Government
Creators: name: Bates, Robert H.
name: Lien, Da-Hsiang Donald
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: This article proposes a model representing the relationship between economic actors and revenue seeking governments. Given a need for revenues, the model predicts the allocation of the new tax burden and patterns of control over public policy.
The model is motivated by the history of the rise of parliaments in Western Europe. It is extended to urban and developmental politics. It is designed to employ the techniques of "neo-classical" economics to explore themes which have been developed most clearly in Marxist writings.
Most importantly, the model suggests the way in which, given a need for revenues, specific fractions of the private sector can gain control over public policy. And it characterizes precisely the factors which yield differences in the ability of economic agents to employ the market to defect from the tax-levying state. The analysis thus gives insight into both the origins and the limitations of political democracy.
description: Research for this article was supported by The National Science Foundation (Grant no. SES82-16870). Our special thanks to Philip Hoffman.

Published as Bates, Robert H., and Da-Hsiang Donald Lien. "A note on taxation, development, and representative government." Politics & Society 14.1 (1985): 53-70.
description: Submitted - sswp567.pdf
Imperfect Information and the Tender Offer Auction
Creators: name: Schwartz, Alan
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: Managers of companies for which takeover bids have been or are likely to be made--"targets"--engage in a variety of tactics designed to minimize the likelihood of a takeover or increase the price an acquirer must ultimately pay. The welfare effects of these tactics are in dispute. This paper considers one such tactic, the running of "auctions" by managers of a target after an initial bid has been made; an auction is held if, as is often the case, the target's managers can interest other companies in bidding. This paper argues that auctions reduce welfare because they dampen search for suboptimally run firms, and do not have a comparative advantage over unregulated markets in moving corporate assets to their highest valued uses. Further, the shareholders of targets do not have property rights to the gains from takeovers that auctions could be viewed as protecting, Hence, the law that now permits auctions to occur should be changed.
description: Maurice Jones, Jr. Professor of Law, U. S. C. Law Center; Professor of Law and Social Science, California Institute of Technology. I am grateful to Jeff Strnad for extremely helpful suggestions. Richard Craswell, Michael Levine and Matthew Spitzer made useful comments on an earlier version of the model set out in Part IA, infra.
description: Submitted - sswp566.pdf
Campylomyza insolita Jaschhof 2009
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Jaschhof, Catrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Campylomyza
Campylomyza insolita

description: Campylomyza insolita Jaschhof, 2009
This species, described on the basis of three male specimens from Finland and Germany (Jaschhof & Jaschhof 2009), is here reported from two localities in central Sweden.
Material. Male (CEC17), Sweden, Uppland, Knivsta, Rickebasta, 1–27 Aug. 2009, M. & C. Jaschhof; male (CEC18), Dalarna, Vansbro, Tjärnberget Nature Reserve, 16 June–23 July 2010, M. & C. Jaschhof.
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2015, New species and new distribution records of Lestremiinae, Micromyinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Sweden, pp. 159-174 in Zootaxa 3973 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/234218
Equilibrium Selection in Signaling Games
Creators: name: Banks, Jeffrey S.
name: Sobel, Joel
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985
Subjects: Nash equilibrium, Game theory, Divinity, Extensive form games, Banks, Probability distributions, Cardinality, Expected utility, Defendants, Utility functions

description: We present a refinement of the set of sequential equilibria [Kreps & Wilson (1982)] for generic signaling games based on rationality postulates for off-the-equilibrium-path beliefs. This refinement concept eliminates equilibria which Kreps (1985) and others dismiss on intuitive grounds. In addition, we derive a characterization of the set of stable equilibria [Kohlberg and Mertens (1982)] for generic signaling games in terms of equilibrium strategies and restrictions on beliefs. Examples are given which differentiate the predictions of these equilibrium concepts.
description: Revised. Original dated to March 1985.

Presented at the 5th World Congress of the Econometric Society, Boston MA, August 1985. We thank participants of Caltech, UCSD and Rand Corporation Theory Workshops, Drew Fudenberg, David Kreps, and two referees for valuable comments. Sobel thanks Joe Farrell and Chris Harris for many conversations on related topic and the National Science Foundation for partial support under grant SES 84-08655.

Published as Banks, Jeffrey S., and Joel Sobel. "Equilibrium selection in signaling games." Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society (1987): 647-661.
description: Submitted - sswp565_-_revised.pdf
Paleographical analysis of letter Q
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 12
description: Morphological study on the letter Q: collection of samples from inscriptions and papyri, and analysis of paleographical aspects.
description: Source: 4MAR_2_1.3.2-7
description: created: n. d.
Settlement and Litigation Under Alternative Legal Systems
Creators: name: Reinganum, Jennifer F.
name: Wilde, Louis L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: We consider a situation in which one party (the plaintiff) has a legally admissible claim for damages from another party (the defendant). The level of damage is known to the plaintiff; the defendant knows only its distribution, which is assumed to be continuous on some range. Before a trial takes place, the plaintiff makes a settlement demand. If the defendant rejects the demand, the court settles the dispute. We characterize the plaintiff's settlement demand policy and the defendant's probability of rejection policy for both separating and pooling equilibria. In the separating equilibrium, the defendant correctly infers the level of true damage from the settlement demand made by the plaintiff. In this case we show that, under risk neutrality, the equilibrium probability of a trial (as a function of true damages) is independent of the allocation of litigation costs. We also analyze the comparative statics of the equilibrium policies and compare them for specific litigation cost allocation systems.
description: We would like to thank Joel Sobel for helpful discussions. His comments greatly improved an earlier draft of this paper. This work was supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. SES-8315422.
description: Submitted - sswp564.pdf
Optimal Research for Cournot Oligopolists
Creators: name: Li, Lode
name: McKelvey, Richard D.
name: Page, Talbot
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: We extend the classical Cournot model to take account of uncertainty in either the cost function or the demand function. By undertaking research, firms can acquire private (asymmetric) information to help resolve their uncertainty and make a more informed production decision. The model is a two stage game: in the first stage research levels are chosen, and in the second stage, conditional on private research outcomes, production decisions are made.
We find that for a linear, continuous information structure there is a unique Nash equilibrium to the game. In the equilibrium there may be an inefficient amount of aggregate research and there may be incomplete pooling as well.
The model specializes to the classical case when the cost of research is zero (and each firm gains essentially the same information by doing an infinite amount of research) or when the cost of research is so high no firm undertakes research.
description: Published as Li, Lode, Richard D. McKelvey, and Talbot Page. "Optimal research for Cournot oligopolists." Journal of Economic Theory 42.1 (1987): 140-166.
description: Submitted - sswp563.pdf
Heterogenella bigibbata Mamaev & Berest 1991
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Jaschhof, Catrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Heterogenella
Heterogenella bigibbata

description: Heterogenella bigibbata Mamaev & Berest, 1991
Fig. 8 A
This species, previously known only from the type locality in Ukraine (Mamaev & Berest 1991), is here reported from two sites in south and central Sweden. Swedish specimens of H. bigibbata are in line with the redescription of this species by Jaschhof (1998) as well as with an unpublished drawing of the genitalia of the male holotype, which the senior author made in 2007. Heterogenella biggibata is distinguished from the congeneric species by short, almost circular gonostyli (↓); the ninth tergite lacking a T-shaped sclerotization (as is present in H. linearis Yukawa); and the ventral emargination of gonocoxae bordered by small, densely setulose swellings (↓).
Material. 3 males (CEC33–35), Sweden, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud National Park, 16 June–31 July 2009, M. & C. Jaschhof; 9 males (CEC24–32), Uppland, Uppsala, Fiby Nature Reserve, 23 June–28 July 2009, 9 June–23 July 2010, M. & C. Jaschhof.
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2015, New species and new distribution records of Lestremiinae, Micromyinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Sweden, pp. 159-174 in Zootaxa 3973 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/234218
The Competitive Effects of Resale Price Maintenance
Creators: name: Gilligan, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985
Subjects: Antitrust, Cartels, Manufacturing industries, Market prices, Price discrimination, Resale price maintenance, Transaction costs, Industrial products, Statistical estimation, Industrial market

description: The competitive effects of resale price maintenance (RPM) are theoretically diverse. RPM can cause allocation distortions or promote productive efficiencies in the distribution process. Moreover, extant cross-sectional empirical evidence is incapable of distinguishing among the potentially disparate effects of RPM. This paper conducts hypothesis tests of the alternative theories of RPM. The empirical framework relates estimates of the effects of RPM for a cross-section of observations to necessary conditions of the alternative models. This analysis indicates that RPM is used both to foster cartels and promote efficiencies in the distribution process. This result is consistent with the growing body of case study analysis that suggests that RPM is used for a variety of reasons. This result also questions the current per se illegal status of RPM in the antitrust laws. Evidence is also provided concerning the strategic interaction between manufacturers and dealers in the distribution process and the use of financial data in analyzing propositions in industrial organization.
description: The comments of John Binder, Andrew Chalk, Thomas Overstreet, Frederick Warren-Boulton, and seminar participants at the Economic Policy Office of the Justice Department, the Federal Trade Commission, University of Southern California, and Washington University are greatly appreciated. My dissertation committee, Barry Weingast, William Marshall, and Lee Benham, is largely responsible for any positive contributions contained in this paper. I bear sole responsibility for the rest.

Published as Gilligan, Thomas W. "The competitive effects of resale price maintenance." The RAND Journal of Economics (1986): 544-556.
description: Submitted - sswp562.pdf
Heterogenella transgressoris Jaschhof 1998
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Jaschhof, Catrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Heterogenella
Heterogenella transgressoris

description: Heterogenella transgressoris Jaschhof, 1998
This is another species whose discovery in Sweden has been anticipated, considering its previously known distribution in Norway, Germany, Estonia, and Latvia (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014).
Material. Male (CEC19), Sweden, Östergötland, Ödeshög, Omberg, Stocklycke (meadow), 12–20 July 2005, SMTP (trap 13, collecting event 1644); male (CEC20), same locality but Stocklycke (forest), 5–19 July 2005, SMTP (trap 14, collecting event 1653); male (CEC21), Omberg, Mörkahålkärret Nature Reserve, 18 June–22 July 2009, M. & C. Jaschhof; 2 males (CEC22–23), Uppland, Knivsta, Rickebasta, 25 June–31 July 2009, M. & C. Jaschhof.
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2015, New species and new distribution records of Lestremiinae, Micromyinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Sweden, pp. 159-174 in Zootaxa 3973 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/234218
title: La Princesa Ismenia
Creators: name: Anonyme
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: (4) p. ; ill.
«Ismenia, aquella Otomana,...»
description: Source: Bibliothèque patrimoniale Villon (Rouen), fonds Degrave, Mt m 22418-2-AU
description: date: S. d.
Supplementary materials to "Serving two masters – What kind of resistance to influence allows maintaining a positive image?"
Creators: name: Gałkowska, Agnieszka
name: Czerniak, Anna
name: Czapliński, Szymon
name: Stach, Ryszard
Publisher: name: PsychOpen GOLD
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: resistance to social influence
subject: agency
subject: communion
subject: social perception
subject: reactance
subject: inertia
subject: scepticism
subject: self-presentation
subject: 150

description: Supplementary materials to: Gałkowska, A., Czerniak, A., Czapliński, S., & Stach, R. (2018). Serving two masters – What kind of resistance to influence allows maintaining a positive image? Social Psychological Bulletin, 13(4), Article e30544. https://doi.org/10.32872/spb.v13i4.30544.
description: - Dataset (csv); - Codebook (txt)
Cournot Oligopoly with Information Sharing
Creators: name: Li, Lode
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: This paper studies the incentives for information sharing among firms in a Cournot oligopoly facing a linear uncertain demand and an affine conditional expectation information structure. No information sharing is found to be the unique equilibrium in two cases in which the signals with equal precision are assumed indivisible and infinitely divisible. However, the nonpooling equilibrium converges to the situation where the pooling strategies are adopted as the amount of information increases. Hence, the efficiency is achieved in the competitive equilibrium as the number of the firm become large.
description: Published as Li, Lode. "Cournot oligopoly with information sharing." The RAND Journal of Economics (1985): 521-536.
description: Submitted - sswp561.pdf
Voting Operators in the Space of Choice Functions
Creators: name: Aizerman, M. A.
name: Aleskerov, Fuad
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985
Subjects: Voting problem, choice function, functional profile, local operator, operators classes, operator's closedness

description: Assuming the individual and collective opinions are given as choice functions, a new formalization of the voting problem is considered. The notions of a local functional operator and the closedness of domains in choice-functional space relative to local operators are introduced. The problem of voting is reduced to an analysis of three kinds of operator classes and their mutual relations.

The functional analogues well known in the theory of Arrow's paradox results are established.
description: Published as Aizerman, Mark A., and Fuad T. Aleskerov. "Voting operators in the space of choice functions." Mathematical Social Sciences 11.3 (1986): 201-242.
description: Submitted - sswp559.pdf
Studies on several Latin inscription.
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 71
description: Annotations, transcriptions, bibliography and drawings. - Receipt of the yearly fee due to the "Syndicat autonome de l'École pratique des hautes études".
description: Source: 4MAR_2_1.3.3-2
description: created: n. d.
Mycophila fungicola Felt 1911
Creators: name: Jaschhof, Mathias
name: Jaschhof, Catrin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Cecidomyiidae
Mycophila
Mycophila fungicola

description: Mycophila fungicola Felt, 1911
Mycophila fungicola has a scattered distribution in the Holarctic region and was found also in the Hawaiian Islands, Australia, and New Zealand (Gagné & Jaschhof 2014). Most findings of this—and the following—species are from mushroom cultures (Jaschhof 1998). Previous scientific literature makes no mention of Mycophila occurring in Sweden. The Swedish specimen of M. fungicola reported here was taken from the wild.
Material. Male (CEC36), Sweden, Skåne, Simrishamn, Stenshuvud National Park, 28 June–29 July 2010, M. & C. Jaschhof.
description: Published as part of Jaschhof, Mathias & Jaschhof, Catrin, 2015, New species and new distribution records of Lestremiinae, Micromyinae and Porricondylinae (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Sweden, pp. 159-174 in Zootaxa 3973 (1) on page 171, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3973.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/234218
Tournament Methods in Choice Theory
Creators: name: Litvakov, Boris M.
name: Vol'skiy, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: Choice procedures using the notion of tournament matrix are investigated in the framework of general choice theory. Tournament procedures of multicriterial choice are introduced and studied. New characteristic conditions for describing some tournament and other essentially nonclassical choice functions are obtained. The comparison of tournament and graph-dominant choice mechanisms is established.
description: Published as Litvakov, Boris M., and Vladimir I. Vol'skiy. "Tournament methods in choice theory." Information sciences 39.1 (1986): 7-40.
description: Submitted - sswp558.pdf
title: Clamores aspotolicas dirigidos a tdodos los religiosos del orden de nuestro padre San Francisco
Creators: name: Gonzalez de Agueros, Pedro
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 4°
description: Source: Bibliothèque patrimoniale Villon (Rouen), fonds Liber, Mt Br 26929
Batraxis bicolor Wang and Yin 2016
Creators: name: Wang, Dan
name: Yin, Zi-Wei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Batraxis
Batraxis bicolor

description: Batraxis bicolor Wang and Yin, 2016
(Figs 6 B, 13A–C, 14E, 14U, 15)
Batraxis bicolor Wang and Yin (in Wang et al. 2016: 2).
Type locality: China, Hainan, Qiongzhong Hsien, Limu Mt., 19°10'04"N, 109°44'45"E, 625 m.
Additional material examined (14 ƋƋ, 17 ♀♀). 1 Ƌ, labeled ‘ CHINA: Yunnan Province, Lincang City, Yun Hsien, Manwan, Town, Manjiu Village (慢旧村), 24°42'31''N, 100°22'44''E, rotten wood, alt. 1371 m, 9.iv.2016, Zi-Chun Xiong leg.’ (SNUC); 5 ƋƋ, 3 ♀♀, labeled ‘ China: Yunnan, Lincang City, Yun Hsien, Manwan Town, Guiziba Village, 24°43'48"N, 100°20'01"E, rotten wood, alt. 1243 m, 19.iv.2016, Zi-Chun Xiong leg.’ (SNUC); 8 ƋƋ, 14 ♀♀, same data as previous material except ‘ 20.iv.2016 ’ (SNUC).
Comments. The population of Batraxis bicolor from Hainan has reddish brown head, pronotum, and elytra and a much darker abdomen (Wang et al. 2016) which is stable in all available individuals, while the population from Yunnan (Fig. 6 B) are uniform in color (darkish brown). Furthermore, the aedeagal endophallus of the population from Hainan is strictly symmetric, but in the population from Yunnan, it is slightly asymmetric (Fig. 13 A–C). The above differences are interpreted as intraspecific variation of this species. Otherwise, the long protuberance of the protrochanters (Fig. 14 U) and small preapical tooth of the protibiae (Fig. 14 E) are stable in both populations. Batraxis bicolor is similar to B. splendida Nomura from Japan and Korea, but the latter species lack a protuberance on the protibiae.
Measurements of the population from Yunnan: male—BL 2.00– 2.17 mm, HL 0.42–0.43 mm, HW 0.42–0.43 mm, PL 0.39–0.42 mm, PW 0.43–0.47 mm, EL 0.50–0.54 mm, EW 0.83–0.84 mm, AL 0.71–0.79 mm, AW 0.78– 0.85 mm, width between discal carinae of tergite IV 0.38–0.44 mm at apices, length of the aedeagus 0.49 mm; female—BL 1.83–2.05 mm; HL 0.38–0.40 mm; HW 0.39–0.40 mm; PL 0.35–0.39 mm; PW 0.42–0.44 mm; EL 0.45–0.49 mm; EW 0.74–0.81 mm; AL 0.65–0.77 mm; AW 0.74–0.82 mm; width between discal carinae of tergite IV 0.38–0.42 mm at apices.
Distribution. China: Yunnan (new provincial record), Hainan (Fig. 15).
description: Published as part of Wang, Dan & Yin, Zi-Wei, 2016, New species and records of Batraxis Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) in continental China, pp. 443-465 in Zootaxa 4147 (4) on pages 455-456, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/256541
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1721 – Plounez
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits combustibles
subject: matériaux de construction

description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1721 avec le port "Plounez"
description: Marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : bois à feu ; bois à merrain
description: Catégories de marchandises arrivées à Saint-Malo : produits combustibles ; matériaux de construction
description: Coverage: Petit cabotage
description: Bibliographic citation: GOURLAN, Monique. Le Commerce maritime de Saint-Malo en 1721-1722. DES : Histoire : Rennes, 1963. (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1023)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
title: Activité du port de Saint-Malo – 1714 – Danemark
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: produits manufacturés
subject: produits exotiques et ultramarins
subject: produits agroalimentaires
subject: épices et condiments

description: Cette fiche est issue de l’enquête menée par Jean Delumeau sur l’activité du port de Saint-Malo au 17e et 18e siècle. Cette fiche correspond à l’activité de l’année 1714 avec le port "Danemark"
description: Marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : savon ; poivre ; confitures
description: Catégories de marchandises au départ de Saint-Malo : produits manufacturés ; produits exotiques et ultramarins ; produits agroalimentaires ; épices et condiments
description: Coverage: Grand commerce
description: Bibliographic citation: BOSSARD, Joseph. Le Trafic malouin en 1714 et 1715. DES : Histoire : Rennes, 1964 (Bibliothèque François-Lebrun, MH 1020)
description: date: Date de numérisation : 2021 à 2023
description: created: Années 1950-1960
Timomenus Burr 1907
Creators: name: Sun, Meiling
name: Li, Kai
name: Liu, Xianwei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Dermaptera
Forficulidae
Timomenus

description: Timomenus Burr, 1907
Timomenus Burr, 1907: 96.
Type-species: Opisthocosmia oannes Burr, 1900.
description: Published as part of Sun, Meiling, Li, Kai & Liu, Xianwei, 2016, Three new species of the subfamily Opisthocosmiinae from China (Dermaptera, Forficulidae), with new synonymies and combinations, pp. 359-371 in Zootaxa 4109 (3) on page 359, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4109.3.6, http://zenodo.org/record/266075
Economic Analysis of Brain Drain
Creators: name: Lien, Da-Hsiang Donald
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: In this paper, we consider the possibility of signaling and individual's two-stage decision procedures within an asymmetric information framework to investigate the brain drain phenomena. The results indicate the relationship between an individual's ability and the signal he will choose at rational expectations equilibrium. Also, the persons who will remain abroad are identified. Where the ranking of the universities provides the signal to domestic employers, we can therefore interpret these results in such a way that there is an association between students of a particular quality and corresponding qualities of universities they will choose to attend to attain Ph. D.'s. Moreover, we can predict whether these graduating Ph.D.'s choose to return home or remain abroad.
description: I am grateful to Richard McKelvey for long helpful discussions to Leonid Hurwicz and Joel Sobel for constructive suggestions, to Robert Bates and James Quirk for valuable comments on an earlier draft. Of course, all errors remain mine.

Published as Lien, Da-Hsiang Donald. "Economic analysis of brain drain." Journal of Development Economics 25.1 (1987): 33-43.
description: Submitted - sswp556.pdf
The Charitable Contribution Deduction: A Politico-Economic Analysis
Creators: name: Strnad, Jeff
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1985

description: Policy analysis of the charitable contribution deduction has focused on two aspects. First, the deduction gives a larger subsidy to high-income individuals. Second, the activities subsidized are often public goods or create positive externalities. The focus on those two traits has led some economists to test the deduction using traditional cost allocation criteria for public goods such as Lindahl equilibrium. A leading paper finds that a tax credit better approximates the Lindahl criteria than a deduction. This paper shows that the opposite may be true if the taxes raised to fund the revenue loss from the deduction are even slightly progressive.
This finding suggests that the deduction may be a political bargain outcome that benefits a wide range of groups. The second part of this paper discusses qualitatively how a political bargain theory can explain the role chosen for the deduction in conjunction with other methods of subsidy and direct government provision.
description: The numerical simulations in this article were made possible through use of equipment provided by the IBM Corporation. I am grateful to Donald Brosnan, Richard Craswell, Harold Hochman, Norman Lane, Roberta Ranano, Susan Rose-Ackerman, Alan Schwartz, Christopher Stone and Matthew Spitzer for their helpful comments on earlier drafts and John Simon for encouraging me to tackle this subject in the first place. All errors and misjudgments are my own responsibility.

Published in The Economics of Nonprofit Institutions. Oxford University Press: New York, (1986).
description: Submitted - sswp557.pdf
Study on P.Mich. VIII 461 inv. 5761 verso.
Creators: name: Marichal, Robert
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2015

description: vue 2
description: Annotated description, transcriptions, paleographical drawings and photo.
description: Source: 4MAR_21_3.2-15-2-13
description: created: n.d.
title: Rapport de voyage, Flandre (1952) : Ligne des Antilles, 1967, voyage n°183
Creators: name: Apard, Henri
name: Kerverdo, Raymond
name: Mortain, Bernard
name: Samzun, Guy
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
subject: Transports maritimes - Histoire
subject: Marine marchande
subject: Journaux de bord

description: Chapitrage : Rapport général / du capitaine - Rapport du commissaire - Rapport du second - Rapport de l'officier de sécurité - Rapport de l'officier de navigation - Rapport du médecin - Rapport contentieux - Journal contrôle
description: Source: French Lines & Compagnies, 1997 004 4994-24
description: Coverage: 1967-09-09/1967-10-05
Batraxis tibialis Wang and Yin 2016
Creators: name: Wang, Dan
name: Yin, Zi-Wei
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Batraxis
Batraxis tibialis

description: Batraxis tibialis Wang and Yin, 2016
(Figs 7, 13 D–F, 14F, 14I, 14V, 15)
Batraxis tibialis Wang and Yin (in Wang et al. 2016: 4).
Type locality: China, Hainan, Qiongzhong Hsien, Limu Mt., 19°10'04"N, 109°44'45"E, 625 m.
Additional material examined. 2 ƋƋ, labeled ‘ CHINA: W. Jiangxi, Ji’an City, Jinggang Shan (井冈山), Bijia Shan (笔架山), 26°31'03"N, 114°11'17"E, mixed leaf litter, sifted, 580 m, 24.vii.2014, Chen, Hu, Lv & Yu leg.’ (SNUC).
Comments. The glabrous body (Fig. 7 A), obliquely narrowed abdomen at base, distinctly concaved protibiae (Fig. 14 F), presence of small ventral protuberance at the middle of profemora (Fig. 14 I), and the form of aedeagus (Figs 13 D–F) of the population from Jiangxi readily lead its identity to B. tibialis. The differences in the forms of the protibial cavity and aedeagal endophallus between the populations from Hainan (Fig. 7 B) and Jiangxi is considered intraspecific variation of this species.
Measurements of the population from Jiangxi: BL 1.93 mm, HL 0.42 mm, HW 0.43 mm, PL 0.38 mm, PW 0.42 mm, EL 0.53 mm, EW 0.72 mm, AL 0.60 mm, AW 0.69 mm, mm, width between discal carinae of tergite IV 0.30 mm at apices, length of the aedeagus 0.24 mm.
Distribution. China: Jiangxi (new provincial record), Hainan (Fig. 15).
description: Published as part of Wang, Dan & Yin, Zi-Wei, 2016, New species and records of Batraxis Reitter (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae) in continental China, pp. 443-465 in Zootaxa 4147 (4) on pages 462-463, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/256541