cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Luminous Late-time Radio Emission from Supernovae Detected by the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS)
Creators: name: Stroh, M. C.
name: Terreran, G.
name: Coppejans, D. L.
name: Bright, J. S.
name: Margutti, R.
name: Bietenholz, M. F.
name: De Colle, F.
name: DeMarchi, L.
name: Duran, R. Barniol
name: Milisavljevic, D.
name: Murase, K.
name: Paterson, K.
name: Williams, W. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a population of 19 radio-luminous supernovae (SNe) with emission reaching $L_ν{\sim}10^{26}-10^{29}\,\rm{erg\,s^{-1}Hz^{-1}}$ in the first epoch of the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) at $2-4$GHz. Our sample includes one long Gamma-Ray Burst, SN 2017iuk/GRB171205A, and 18 core-collapse SNe detected at $\approx (1-60)$years after explosion. No thermonuclear explosion shows evidence for bright radio emission, and hydrogen-poor progenitors dominate the sub-sample of core-collapse events with spectroscopic classification at the time of explosion (79\%). We interpret these findings into the context of the expected radio emission from the forward shock interaction with the circumstellar medium (CSM). We conclude that these observations require a departure from the single wind-like density profile (i.e., $ρ_{\rm{CSM}}\propto r^{-2}$) that is expected around massive stars and/or a departure from a spherical Newtonian shock. Viable alternatives include the shock interaction with a detached, dense shell of CSM formed by a large effective progenitor mass-loss rate $\dot M \sim (10^{-4}-10^{-1})$ M$_{\odot}$ yr$^{-1}$ (for an assumed wind velocity of $1000\,\rm{km\,s^{-1}}$); emission from an off-axis relativistic jet entering our line of sight; or the emergence of emission from a newly-born pulsar-wind nebula. The relativistic SN 2012ap that is detected 5.7 and 8.5 years after explosion with $L_ν{\sim}10^{28}$ erg s$^{-1}$ Hz$^{-1}$ might constitute the first detections of an off-axis jet+cocoon system in a massive star. However, none of the VLASS-SNe with archival data points are consistent with our model off-axis jet light curves. Future multi-wavelength observations will distinguish among these scenarios.Our VLASS source catalogs, which were used to perform the VLASS cross matching, are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4895112.
description: Published on December 21, 2021 Comments are welcome 17 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Video use in higher education classrooms: a qualitative exploration of adult learner emotional engagement and understanding
Creators: name: Coleman, Tasha Yvette
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Educators must establish alternative means to foster the understanding of concepts otherthan having adult learners simply rely on the instructor alone (Sogunro, 2015). Video collectively presents numerous data sources together such as images, movement, and sound, which can create opportunities for comprehensive learning (Kosterelioglu, 2016). This qualitative research study explores how face-to-face instruction, with the incorporation of video in higher education lectures, influence learner emotions by considering student perspectives and self-reported engagement and understanding of lesson concepts. The objective of this exploratory case study was to use qualitative methods to understand the learners’ perspectives on how they emotionally engage with and respond to two different videos, one human-interest news story and one expository documentary, and how they describe their understanding from each of these.
MPEC 2024-T98 : 2024 TV1
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 TV1

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
On special pieces, the Springer correspondence, and unipotent characters
Creators: name: Achar, Pramod N.
name: Sage, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let G be a reductive algebraic group over the algebraic closure of a finite field F_q of good characteristic. In this paper, we demonstrate a remarkable compatibility between the Springer correspondence for G and the parametrization of unipotent characters of G(F_q). In particular, we show that in a suitable sense, "large" portions of these two assignments in fact coincide. This extends earlier work of Lusztig on Springer representations within special pieces of the unipotent variety.
description: 23 pages, expanded version with main theorem strengthened, to appear in American Journal of Mathematics
The picture of BLR in 2.5-D FRADO: Dynamics & Geometry
Creators: name: Naddaf, Mohammad-Hassan
name: Czerny, Bozena
name: Szczerba, Ryszard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of the Broad Line Region (BLR) in Active galaxies is an open question, direct observational constraints suggest a predominantly Keplerian motion, with possible traces of inflow or outflow. In this paper we study in detail the physically motivated BLR model of (Czerny & Hryniewicz, 2011) based on the radiation pressure acting on dust at the surface layers of accretion disk (AD). We consider here a non-hydrodynamical approach to the dynamics of the dusty cloud under the influence of radiation coming from the entire AD. We use here the realistic description of the dust opacity, and we introduce two simple geometrical models of the local shielding of the dusty cloud. We show that the radiation pressure acting on dusty clouds is strong enough to lead to dynamical outflow from the AD surface, so the BLR has a dynamical character of (mostly failed) outflow. The dynamics strongly depend on the Eddington ratio of the source. Large Eddington ratio sources show a complex velocity field and large vertical velocities with respect to the AD surface, while for lower Eddington ratio sources vertical velocities are small and most of the emission originates close to the AD surface. Cloud dynamics thus determines the 3-D geometry of the BLR.
description: 28 pages, 10 figures, Accepted in ApJ for publication
The solar photospheric abundance of hafnium and thorium. Results from CO5BOLD 3D hydrodynamic model atmospheres
Creators: name: Caffau, Elisabetta
name: Sbordone, L.
name: Ludwig, H. -G.
name: Bonifacio, P.
name: Steffen, M.
name: Behara, N. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The stable element hafnium (Hf) and the radioactive element thorium (Th) were recently suggested as a suitable pair for radioactive dating of stars. The applicability of this elemental pair needs to be established for stellar spectroscopy. Aims: We aim at a spectroscopic determination of the abundance of Hf and Th in the solar photosphere based on a \cobold 3D hydrodynamical model atmosphere. We put this into a wider context by investigating 3D abundance corrections for a set of G- and F-type dwarfs. Method: High-resolution, high signal-to-noise solar spectra were compared to line synthesis calculations performed on a solar CO5BOLD model. For the other atmospheres, we compared synthetic spectra of CO5BOLD 3D and associated 1D models. Results: For Hf we find a photospheric abundance A(Hf)=0.87+-0.04, in good agreement with a previous analysis, based on 1D model atmospheres. The weak Th ii 401.9 nm line constitutes the only Th abundance indicator available in the solar spectrum. It lies in the red wing of an Ni-Fe blend exhibiting a non-negligible convective asymmetry. Accounting for the asymmetry-related additional absorption, we obtain A(Th)=0.09+-0.03, consistent with the meteoritic abundance, and about 0.1 dex lower than obtained in previous photospheric abundance determinations. Conclusions: Only for the second time, to our knowledge, has am non-negligible effect of convective line asymmetries on an abundance derivation been highlighted. Three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations should be employed to measure Th abundances in dwarfs if similar blending is present, as in the solar case. In contrast, 3D effects on Hf abundances are small in G- to mid F-type dwarfs and sub-giants, and 1D model atmospheres can be conveniently used.
description: A&A, in press
S2. Frequency of prey attacked in the generalisation test for each experimental group from Hard to catch: experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry
Creators: name: V. Erika Páez
name: Valkonen, Janne K.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
name: Pável Matos-Maraví
name: Elias, Marianne
name: Mappes, Johanna
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: We present the attack counts on each type of prey during the generalisation test
Resonance from antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations for superconductivity in UTe$_2$
Creators: name: Duan, Chunruo
name: Baumbach, R. E.
name: Podlesnyak, Andrey
name: Deng, Yuhang
name: Moir, Camilla
name: Breindel, Alexander J.
name: Maple, M. Brian
name: Nica, E. M.
name: Si, Qimiao
name: Dai, Pengcheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity originates from the formation of bound (Cooper) pairs of electrons that can move through the lattice without resistance below the superconducting transition temperature $T_c$. Electron Cooper pairs in most superconductors form anti-parallel spin singlets with total spin $S=0$, although they can also form parallel spin-triplet Cooper pairs with $S=1$ and an odd parity wavefunction. Spin-triplet pairing is important because it can host topological states and Majorana fermions relevant for quantum computation. Because spin-triplet pairing is usually mediated by ferromagnetic (FM) spin fluctuations, uranium based materials near an FM instability are considered to be ideal candidates for realizing spin-triplet superconductivity. Indeed, UTe$_2$, which has a $T_c\approx 1.6$ K, has been identified as a candidate for a chiral spin-triplet topological superconductor near an FM instability, although it also has antiferromagnetic (AF) spin fluctuations. Here we use inelastic neutron scattering (INS) to show that superconductivity in UTe$_2$ is coupled to a sharp magnetic excitation, termed resonance, at the Brillouin zone boundary near AF order. Because the resonance has only been found in spin-singlet unconventional superconductors near an AF instability, its observation in UTe$_2$ suggests that AF spin fluctuations may also induce spin-triplet pairing or that electron pairing in UTe$_2$ has a spin-singlet component.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures in main text and 7 figures in extended data
Flipping the script: (re)writing identity in the figured world of school
Creators: name: Stawicki, Melissa Mergott
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Over the last twenty years, students have faced increased standardized testing requirements, yet there has been little progress in closing achievement gaps (National Center for Education Statistics, 2017). Research has instead suggested that the use of standardized testing both positions students as struggling, while denying them legitimate opportunities for improvement (Au, 2009). To construct enduring identities as writers, students need more than discrete, quantifiable literacy skills; they also need to feel competent, discover purpose, develop expertise, and exert agency (Beach & Ward, 2013; Frankel, 2016; Hall, 2016; Holland et al., 1998; Vetter, 2011). The present study sought to understand how underperforming students develop these characteristics throughout school. Following an embedded case study approach, this study examined the beliefs and experiences of high school seniors who failed the state graduation assessment four or more times. Student and teacher data were collected through a survey, focus groups, and semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed in three phases, using Holland, Lachiotte, Skinner & Cain’s (1998) theory of identity development in figured worlds. Findings suggested that while all students eventually passed required proficiency assessments, they did not necessarily develop more advanced characteristics of writers, such as expertise and agency. Additionally, this study found that assessment requirements negatively impacted the opportunities students had to develop their writing identities in the context of school. In spite of limitations, there was evidence that specific teacher practices fostered students’ engagement, self-awareness, and self-reliance. Findings from this study may be useful to educators seeking to balance assessment demands with instruction that promotes students’ identities as writers.
Facial reconstruction after chainsaw trauma. A case Report
Creators: name: Marcela Rojas Hurtado M.D.
name: José Luis Villarreal Salgado M.D.
name: Luis Armando Lopez Rico M.D.
name: Carlos Enrique Luna Guerrero M.D.
name: Claudia Verónica Elizabeth Vargas Hernández M.D.
name: Edgar Armando Morales F. M.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: Facial injuries are a challenge for reconstructive surgery, they can generate disabling injuries, with irreversible aesthetic defects. Trauma due to fireworks injuries has an explosive power equal or greater than that of a hand grenade. These injuries are associated with significant tissue loss, extensive fractures, eye injuries and presence of foreign bodies. The main objective is to restore oral and ocular function and esthetics. The use of tissue expanders are a good option in patients in whom the quantity and quality of adjacent tissue is inadequate, and the defect is very significant. The following is a clinical case of a fireworks injury to the face with repair and placement of a tissue expander.

 

Keywords: Facial trauma, facial reconstruction.
Search for charged Higgs bosons decaying into a top quark and a bottom quark at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for charged Higgs bosons decaying into a top quark and a bottom quark is presented. The data analysed correspond to 139 fb$^{-1}$ of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The production of a heavy charged Higgs boson in association with a top quark and a bottom quark, $pp\rightarrow tbH^{+}\rightarrow tbtb$, is explored in the $H^+$ mass range from 200 to 2000 GeV using final states with jets and one electron or muon. Events are categorised according to the multiplicity of jets and $b$-tagged jets, and multivariate analysis techniques are used to discriminate between signal and background events. No significant excess above the background-only hypothesis is observed and exclusion limits are derived for the production cross-section times branching ratio of a charged Higgs boson as a function of its mass; they range from 3.6 pb at 200 GeV to 0.036 pb at 2000 GeV at 95% confidence level. The results are interpreted in the hMSSM and $M_h^{125}$ scenarios.
description: 47 pages in total, author list starting page 31, 7 figures, 4 tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2018-51/
Bussiness Process Re-engineering (BPR) with Risk Management for Small and Medium Size Enterprise (SME) A Case Study Of Mr.Laundry
Creators: name: Adhitia Erfina
name: Nunik Destria Arianti
name: Cecep Kurnia Sastradipraja
name: Gesti Fatimah
name: Intan Purnama Dewi
name: Maulida, Nida Nadiatul
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Bussiness Process Re-engineering (BPR) with Risk Management for Small and Medium Size Enterprise (SME) A Case Study Of Mr.Laundry participation as authors
 in The 6th International Conference on Computing, Engineering and Design (ICCED 2020)
 at Nusa Putra University
On absolute Galois splitting fields of central simple algebras
Creators: name: Hanke, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R32 (Primary) 11S20, 16K20, 16S35, 16W60 (Secondary)

description: A splitting field of a central simple algebra is said to be absolute Galois if it is Galois over some fixed subfield of the centre of the algebra. The paper provides an existence theorem for such fields over global fields with enough roots of unity. As an application, all twisted function fields and all twisted Laurent series rings over symbol algebras (or p-algebras) over global fields are crossed products. A closely related statement holds for division algebras over Henselian valued fields with global residue field. The existence of absolute Galois splitting fields in central simple algebras over global fields is equivalent to a suitable generalization of the weak Grunwald-Wang Theorem, which is proved to hold if enough roots of unity are present. In general, it does not hold and counter examples have been used in noncrossed product constructions. This paper shows in particular that a certain computational difficulty involved in the construction of explicit examples of noncrossed product twisted Laurent series rings can not be avoided by starting the construction with a symbol algebra.
description: 12 pages (A4); to appear in J. Number Theory (2007)
S3. Generalisation tests: Likelihood model, scenarios investigated and results from Hard to catch: experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry
Creators: name: V. Erika Páez
name: Valkonen, Janne K.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
name: Pável Matos-Maraví
name: Elias, Marianne
name: Mappes, Johanna
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Detailed description of the different scenarios investigated for the generalisation test. Full results from the likelihood models are included as well.
Asymptotic Dynamics of Dispersive, Collisionless Plasmas
Creators: name: Pankavich, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B40, 82D10, 35A09

description: A multispecies, collisionless plasma is modeled by the Vlasov-Poisson system. Assuming that the electric field decays with sufficient rapidity as $t \to\infty$, we show that the velocity characteristics and spatial averages of the particle distributions converge as time grows large. Using these limits we establish the precise asymptotic profile of the electric field and its derivatives, as well as, the charge and current densities. Modified spatial characteristics are then shown to converge using the limiting electric field. Finally, we establish a modified $L^\infty$ scattering result for each particle distribution function, namely we show that they converge as $t \to \infty$ along the modified spatial characteristics. When the plasma is non-neutral, the estimates of these quantities are sharp, while in the neutral case they may imply faster rates of decay.
description: 29 pages
The integrated angular bispectrum of weak lensing
Creators: name: Jung, Gabriel
name: Namikawa, Toshiya
name: Liguori, Michele
name: Munshi, Dipak
name: Heavens, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate three-point statistics in weak lensing convergence, through the integrated bispectrum. This statistic involves measuring power spectra in patches, and is thus easy to measure, and avoids the complexity of estimating the very large number of possible bispectrum configurations. The integrated bispectrum principally probes the squeezed limit of the bispectrum. To be useful as a set of summary statistics, accurate theoretical predictions of the signal are required, and, assuming Gaussian sampling distributions, the covariance matrix. In this paper, we investigate through simulations how accurate are theoretical formulae for both the integrated bispectrum and its covariance, finding that there a small inaccuracies in the theoretical signal, and more serious deviations in the covariance matrix, which may need to be estimated using simulations.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures. v2: minor textual corrections and additions, matches published version
The parallel evolution of reproductive isolation in threespine sticklebacks
Creators: name: Nagel, Laura Maria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Reproductive isolation within and between sympatric populations of threespine stickleback was investigated to find evidence for parallel speciation, which is the independent evolution of the same reproductive isolating mechanisms. One of the requirements of parallel speciation is reproductive isolation between descendant populations of sympatric species. Mate choice tests between benthic and limnetic sticklebacks in two lakes were therefore conducted to examine reproductive isolation between them. Strong reproductive isolation was found. The probability of hybridization between limnetic females and benthic males was affected by the size of both the male and the female. I suggest that reproductive isolation based on body size may have evolved as a by-product of natural selection on body size. Mate choice tests within benthic and limnetic forms were conducted to determine if there was reproductive isolation among benthic and limnetic forms from different lakes. I hypothesized that because each form evolved under similar selective regimes, they would not be reproductively isolated. The results supported this hypothesis, although there was a trend in limnetics to prefer mates from their own population. There was no reproductive isolation between benthics from different lakes. Similar reproductive isolating mechanisms therefore arose independently in several lineages, probably as a by-product of natural selection.
S5.Comparison between first trial's attack rate and attacks rate during generalisation test from Hard to catch: experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry
Creators: name: V. Erika Páez
name: Valkonen, Janne K.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
name: Pável Matos-Maraví
name: Elias, Marianne
name: Mappes, Johanna
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Most research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey but the signalling difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similar to classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry related to distastefulness, such ‘evasive aposematism' may also lead to convergence in warning colours, known as evasive mimicry. A prime candidate group for evasive mimicry are Adelpha butterflies, which are agile insects and show remarkable colour pattern convergence. We tested the ability of naïve blue tits to learn to avoid and generalize Adelpha wing patterns associated with the difficulty of capture and compared their response to that of birds that learned to associate the same wing patterns with distastefulness. Birds learned to avoid all wing patterns tested and generalized their aversion to other prey to some extent, but learning was faster with evasive prey compared to distasteful prey. Our results on generalization agree with longstanding observations of striking convergence in wing colour patterns among Adelpha species since, in our experiments, perfect mimics of evasive and distasteful models were always protected during generalization and suffered the lowest attack rate. Moreover, generalization on evasive prey was broader compared to that on distasteful prey. Our results suggest that being hard to catch may deter predators at least as effectively as distastefulness. This study provides empirical evidence for evasive mimicry, a potentially widespread but poorly understood form of morphological convergence driven by predator selection.
Continuum emission around AGB stars at 1.2 mm
Creators: name: Dehaes, S.
name: Groenewegen, M. A. T.
name: Decin, L.
name: Hony, S.
name: Raskin, G.
name: Blommaert, J. A. D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally acknowledged that the mass loss of Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars undergoes variations on different time scales. We constructed models for the dust envelopes for a sample of AGB stars to assess whether mass-loss variations influence the spectral energy distribution (SED). To constrain the variability, extra observations at millimetre wavelengths (1.2 mm) were acquired. From the analysis of the dust models, two indications for the presence of mass-loss variations can be found, being (1) a dust temperature at the inner boundary of the dust envelope that is far below the dust condensation temperature and (2) an altered density distribution with respect to rho(r) \propto r^{-2} resulting from a constant mass-loss rate. For 5 out of the 18 studied sources a two-component model of the envelope is required, consisting of an inner region with a constant mass-loss rate and an outer region with a less steep density distribution. For one source an outer region with a steeper density distribution was found. Moreover, in a search for time variability in our data set at 1.2 mm, we found that WX Psc shows a large relative time variation of 34% which might partially be caused by variable molecular line emission.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 16 pages, 19 figures
Current-driven destabilization of both collinear configurations in asymmetric spin-valves
Creators: name: Gmitra, M.
name: Barnas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin transfer torque in spin valves usually destabilizes one of the collinear configurations (either parallel or antiparallel) and stabilizes the second one. Apart from this, balance of the spin-transfer and damping torques can lead to steady precessional modes. In this letter we show that in some asymmetric nanopillars spin current can destabilize both parallel and antiparallel configurations. As a result, stationary precessional modes can occur at zero magnetic field. The corresponding phase diagram as well as frequencies of the precessional modes have been calculated in the framework of macrospin model. The relevant spin transfer torque has been calculated in terms of the macroscopic model based on spin diffusion equations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Implementation of efficient quantum search algorithms on NISQ computers
Creators: name: Zhang, Kun
name: Rao, Pooja
name: Yu, Kwangmin
name: Lim, Hyunkyung
name: Korepin, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the advent of Grover's algorithm for the unstructured search, its successful implementation on near-term quantum devices is still limited. We apply three strategies to reduce the errors associated with implementing quantum search algorithms. Our improved search algorithms have been implemented on the IBM quantum processors. Using them, we demonstrate three- and four-qubit search algorithm with higher average success probabilities compared to previous works. We present the successful execution of the five-qubit search on the IBM quantum processor for the first time. The results have been benchmarked using degraded ratio, which is the ratio between the experimental and the theoretical success probabilities. The fast decay of the degraded ratio supports our divide-and-conquer strategy. Our proposed strategies are also useful for implementation of quantum search algorithms in the post-NISQ era.
description: Published version, 26 pages, 8 figures
GERONTE DELIVERABLE D8.1 Standard Operating Procedures (SOP)
Creators: name: Bacles, CFE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Project Management, H2020, SOP

description: The present document corresponds to the deliverable D8.1 “Kick off meeting and standard operating procedures (SOP)” of the GERONTE project, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme under Grant Agreement N°945218. It aims to provide the GERONTE consortium partners with information about tools and procedures for project management and reporting. This is an initial version of the SOP produced within the first seven months of the project. It is intended to be a living document in which information can be made available through updates as the implementation of the project progresses.
S1. Detailed protocol description from Hard to catch: experimental evidence supports evasive mimicry
Creators: name: V. Erika Páez
name: Valkonen, Janne K.
name: Willmott, Keith R.
name: Pável Matos-Maraví
name: Elias, Marianne
name: Mappes, Johanna
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Most research on aposematism has focused on chemically defended prey but the signalling difficulty of capture remains poorly explored. Similar to classical Batesian and Müllerian mimicry related to distastefulness, such ‘evasive aposematism' may also lead to convergence in warning colours, known as evasive mimicry. A prime candidate group for evasive mimicry are Adelpha butterflies, which are agile insects and show remarkable colour pattern convergence. We tested the ability of naïve blue tits to learn to avoid and generalize Adelpha wing patterns associated with the difficulty of capture and compared their response to that of birds that learned to associate the same wing patterns with distastefulness. Birds learned to avoid all wing patterns tested and generalized their aversion to other prey to some extent, but learning was faster with evasive prey compared to distasteful prey. Our results on generalization agree with longstanding observations of striking convergence in wing colour patterns among Adelpha species since, in our experiments, perfect mimics of evasive and distasteful models were always protected during generalization and suffered the lowest attack rate. Moreover, generalization on evasive prey was broader compared to that on distasteful prey. Our results suggest that being hard to catch may deter predators at least as effectively as distastefulness. This study provides empirical evidence for evasive mimicry, a potentially widespread but poorly understood form of morphological convergence driven by predator selection.
On Fading Channel Dependency Structures with a Positive Zero-Outage Capacity
Creators: name: Besser, Karl-Ludwig
name: Lin, Pin-Hsun
name: Jorswieck, Eduard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With emerging wireless technologies like 6G, many new applications like autonomous systems evolve which have strict demands on the reliability and latency of data communications. In the scenario of the commonly investigated independent slow fading links, the zero-outage capacity (ZOC) is zero and retransmissions are therefore inevitable. In this work, we show that a positive ZOC can be achieved under the same setting of slow fading with constant transmit power and without perfect channel state information at the transmitter, if the joint distribution of the channel gains follows certain structures. This allows reliable reception without any outages, thus not requiring retransmissions. Based on a systematic copula approach, we show that there exists a set of dependency structures for which positive ZOCs can be achieved for both maximum ratio combining (MRC) and selection combining (SC). We characterize the maximum ZOC within a finite number of bits. The results are evaluated explicitly for the special cases of Rayleigh fading and Nakagami-$m$ fading in order to quantify the ZOCs for common fading models.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
The cosmic role of tachyon in the type 0 strings
Creators: name: Wen, Wen-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new class of solution to the ten-dimensional type 0 effective action. Given a generic potential of tachyon field, there exist phases where tachyon is either frozen at local extremals or free to propagate along flat directions. In the latter phase, a cosmology model is proposed where the tachyon plays the role of time.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, discussion and reference added
Vigilance while feeding by female Dall’s sheep (Ovis dalli dalli Nelson, 1884): interactions among predation risk factors
Creators: name: Frid, Alejandro
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: I proposed and tested the Interactive Risk Factors Hypothesis (IRFH), in which predation risk factors have an interactive (multiplicative) rather than an independent (additive) effect on vigilance while feeding. Four predictions were tested on adult female Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) in the wild: 1) Vigilance increases with decreasing group size, but the magnitude of this response becomes smaller as (a) distance to cliffs decreases, and/or (b) distance to obstructive cover increases. 2) Vigilance increases with increasing distance to cliffs, but the magnitude of this response becomes smaller as (a) group size increases, and/or (b) distance to obstructive cover increases. 3) Vigilance increases with decreasing distance to obstructive cover, but the magnitude of this response becomes smaller as (a) group size increases, and/or (b) distance to cliffs decreases. 4) The magnitude of any of the above responses will be greater for mothers with neonates than for adult females within 2 months prior to the lambing season. Predictions 1a, 2a, and 4 were supported, implying that when risk is low due to other conditions, animals may increase vigilance very little or not at all in response to a particular factor that would otherwise have a strong effect. A priori analysis showed that distance to obstructive cover had no effect on vigilance (predictions 1 b, 2b and 3), which neither rejects nor supports the hypothesis. This result, however, was probably due to incomplete field measurements and a posteriori analysis suggested that distance to obstructive cover does have an interactive effect on vigilance. The IRFH is a general hypothesis that should be able to handle any other factors that affect risk, and is potentially applicable to any terrestrial prey. Testing for interactions among predation risk factors may provide a more realistic approach to understanding vigilance than merely assuming that such factors have independent effects.
Quantum paramagnetism and magnetization plateaus in a kagome-honeycomb Heisenberg antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Adhikary, Meghadeepa
name: Ralko, Arnaud
name: Kumar, Brijesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin-1/2 Heisenberg model on honeycomb lattice is investigated by doing triplon analysis and quantum Monte Carlo calculations. This model, inspired by Cu$_2$(pymca)$_3$(ClO$_4$), has three different antiferromagnetic exchange interactions ($J_A$, $J_B$, $J_C$) on three different sets of nearest-neighbour bonds which form a kagome superlattice. While the model is bipartite and unfrustrated, its quantum phase diagram is found to be dominated by a quantum paramagnetic phase that is best described as a spin-gapped hexagonal-singlet state. The Néel antiferromagnetic order survives only in a small region around $J_A=J_B=J_C$. The magnetization produced by external magnetic field is found to exhibit plateaus at 1/3 and 2/3 of the saturation value, or at 1/3 alone, or no plateaus. Notably, the plateaus exist only inside a bounded region within the hexagonal-singlet phase. This study provides a clear understanding of the spin-gapped behaviour and magnetization plateaus observed in Cu$_2$(pymca)$_3$(ClO$_4$), and also predicts the possible disappearance of 2/3 plateau under pressure.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures
Gaia EDR3 view on Galactic globular clusters
Creators: name: Vasiliev, Eugene
name: Baumgardt, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the data from Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) to study the kinematic properties of Milky Way globular clusters. We measure the mean parallaxes and proper motions (PM) for 170 clusters, determine the PM dispersion profiles for more than 100 clusters, uncover rotation signatures in more than 20 objects, and find evidence for radial or tangential PM anisotropy in a dozen richest clusters. At the same time, we use the selection of cluster members to explore the reliability and limitations of the Gaia catalogue itself. We find that the formal uncertainties on parallax and PM are underestimated by 10-20% in dense central regions even for stars that pass numerous quality filters. We explore the the spatial covariance function of systematic errors, and determine a lower limit on the uncertainty of average parallaxes and PM at the level 0.01 mas and 0.025 mas/yr, respectively. Finally, a comparison of mean parallaxes of clusters with distances from various literature sources suggests that the parallaxes (after applying the zero-point correction suggested by Lindegren et al. 2021) are overestimated by 0.01+-0.003 mas. Despite these caveats, the quality of Gaia astrometry has been significantly improved in EDR3 and provides valuable insights into the properties of star clusters.
description: parallax offset slightly revised upward following a bugfix in the zero-point correction code; paper matches published version; the catalogue and analysis scripts are available at https://github.com/GalacticDynamics-Oxford/GaiaTools , and the list of stars with membership classification for each cluster - at https://zenodo.org/record/4549397
Cuscuton: A Causal Field Theory with an Infinite Speed of Sound
Creators: name: Afshordi, Niayesh
name: Chung, Daniel J. H.
name: Geshnizjani, Ghazal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a model of scalar field dark energy, Cuscuton, which can be realized as the incompressible (or infinite speed of sound) limit of a scalar field theory with a non-canonical kinetic term (or k-essence). Even though perturbations of Cuscuton propagate superluminally, we show that they have a locally degenerate phase space volume (or zero entropy), implying that they cannot carry any microscopic information, and thus the theory is causal. Even coupling to ordinary scalar fields cannot lead to superluminal signal propagation. Furthermore, we show that the family of constant field hypersurfaces are the family of Constant Mean Curvature (CMC) hypersurfaces, which are the analogs of soap films (or soap bubbles) in a Euclidian space. This enables us to find the most general solution in 1+1 dimensions, whose properties motivate conjectures for global degeneracy of the phase space in higher dimensions. Finally, we show that the Cuscuton action can model the continuum limit of the evolution of a field with discrete degrees of freedom and argue why it is protected against quantum corrections at low energies. While this paper mainly focuses on interesting features of Cuscuton in a Minkowski spacetime, a companion paper (astro-ph/0702002) examines cosmology with Cuscuton dark energy.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure, added discussion of "coupled cuscuton", matches the published version in PRD
Exact Mobility Edges and Topological Phase Transition in Two-Dimensional non-Hermitian Quasicrystals
Creators: name: Xu, Zhihao
name: Xia, Xu
name: Chen, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of the mobility edge (ME) has been recognized as an important characteristic of Anderson localization. The difficulty in understanding the physics of the MEs in three-dimensional (3D) systems from a microscopic image encourages the development of models in lower-dimensional systems that have exact MEs. While most of the previous studies are concerned with one-dimensional (1D) quasiperiodic systems, the analytic results that allow for an accurate understanding of two-dimensional (2D) cases are rare. In this work, we disclose an exactly solvable 2D quasicrystal model with parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetry displaying exact MEs. In the thermodynamic limit, we unveil that the extended-localized transition point, observed at the $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking point, is topologically characterized by a hidden winding number defined in the dual space. The coupling waveguide platform can be used to realize the 2D non-Hermitian quasicrystal model, and the excitation dynamics can be used to detect the localization features.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
The star formation rate at redshift one: H-alpha spectroscopy with CIRPASS
Creators: name: Doherty, Michelle
name: Bunker, Andrew
name: Sharp, Robert
name: Dalton, Gavin
name: Parry, Ian
name: Lewis, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have conducted an H-alpha survey of 38 0.77
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 13 pages including 9 figures
GERONTE DELIVERABLE D7.2: Dedicated Website, Twitter and LinkedIn accounts live
Creators: name: Bacles, CFE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Project Deliverable, Communication,

description: This deliverable provides a first version of a GERONTE project dedicated website and associated Twitter and LinkedIn accounts that will be managed continuously for wide communication of project and other related information. The objective was to create a first version of the website and publish it live by M3 that would be regularly fed with updates throughout the lifetime of the project. Deliverable D7.2 is strongly linked to the design of GERONTE Visual Identity presented in D7.1 also publicly available. Deliverable D7.2 is part of work-package 7 communication, dissemination and exploitation Its main purpose is to ensure a powerful and continuous online presence for the presentation of GERONTE community, objectives and outputs for maximum impact.
The Green Bank Northern Celestial Cap Pulsar Survey. VI. Timing and Discovery of PSR J1759+5036: A Double Neutron Star Binary Pulsar
Creators: name: Agazie, Gabriella
name: Mingyar, Michael
name: McLaughlin, Maura
name: Swiggum, Joseph
name: Kaplan, David
name: Blumer, Harsha
name: Chawla, Pragya
name: DeCesar, Megan
name: Demorest, Paul
name: Fiore, William
name: Fonseca, Emmanuel
name: Gelfand, Joseph
name: Kaspi, Victoria
name: Kondratiev, Vladislav
name: LaRose, Malcolm
name: van Leeuwen, Joeri
name: Levin, Lina
name: Lewis, Evan
name: Lynch, Ryan
name: McEwen, Alexander
name: Noori, Hind Al
name: Parent, Emilie
name: Ransom, Scott
name: Roberts, Mallory
name: Schmiedekamp, Ann
name: Schmiedekamp, Carl
name: Siemens, Xavier
name: Spiewak, Renée
name: Stairs, Ingrid
name: Surnis, Mayuresh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Green Bank North Celestial Cap (GBNCC) survey is a 350-MHz all-sky survey for pulsars and fast radio transients using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope. To date, the survey has discovered over 190 pulsars, including 33 millisecond pulsars (MSPs) and 24 rotating radio transients(RRATs). Several exotic pulsars have been discovered in the survey, including PSR J1759+5036, a binary pulsar with a 176-ms spin period in an orbit with a period of 2.04 days, an eccentricity of 0.3,and a projected semi-major axis of 6.8 light seconds. Using seven years of timing data, we are able to measure one post-Keplerian parameter, advance of periastron, which has allowed us to constrain the total system mass to 2.62(3) solar masses. This constraint, along with the spin period and orbital parameters, suggests that this is a double neutron star system, although we cannot entirely rule out a pulsar-white dwarf binary. This pulsar is only detectable in roughly 45% of observations, most likely due to scintillation. However, additional observations are required to determine whether there may be other contributing effects.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, Accepted to APJ
Einstein's unified field theory predicts the equilibrium positions of n wires run by steady electric currents
Creators: name: Antoci, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A particular exact solution of Einstein's Hermitian theory of relativity is examined, after recalling that there is merit in adding phenomenological sources to the theory, and in choosing the metric like it was done long ago by Kursunoglu and Hely. It is shown by intrinsic arguments, relying on the properties of the chosen metric manifold, that the solution describes in Einstein's theory the field of n thin parallel wires at rest, run by steady electric currents, and predicts their equilibrium positions through the injunction that the metric must display cylindrical symmetry in the infinitesimal neighbourhood of each wire. In the weak field limit the equilibrium positions coincide with the ones prescribed by Maxwell's electrodynamics.
description: 13 pages