A Class III Survey of the Tucson Aqueduct Phase A Corridor, Central Arizona Project: An Intensive Archaeological Survey in the Lower Santa Cruz River Basin, Picacho Reservoir to Rillito, Arizona
Creators: name: Jelinek, Lauren
Publisher: name: Cultural Resource Management Division, Arizona State Museum, University of Arizona
Year: 1984
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subject: Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
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subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
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subject: Agricultural Field or Field Feature
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subject: Reservoir
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subject: Hearth
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subject: Settlements
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subject: Road, Trail, and Related Structures or Features
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subject: Rock Art
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subject: Fauna
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subject: Picacho Mountains Prehistory
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subject: Archaeological Survey
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subject: Picacho Mountains Archaeology
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subject: Central Arizona Project
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subject: Systematic Survey
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description: The Bureau of Reclamation's mandate to protect cultural resources affected by construction of the Tucson Aqueduct is defined in 43 CFR Part 422.3a and consists of a three part research approach. The first two parts-a Class I overview and a Class IIsample survey-were completed for Phase A of the Tucson Aqueduct by the Arizona State Museum in 1979 (Westfall 1979) and 1980 (McCarthy 1982), respectively. The final part, a Class III intensive survey of the Phase A aqueduct corridor and ancillary features began 7 June 1982 and was completed on 15 October 1982. Additional access road corridors in Reach 1 were surveyed from late January to March, 1983. This work was done under a modification to Bureau of Reclamation contract number 0-07-30-X0091 and cultural resource permit No. 82-AZ-250 from the Bureau of Land Management and No. 82-3 and 82-19 from the Arizona State Museum. The purpose of the intensive survey was to identify, record, and evaluate all prehistoric and historic cultural resources located in the Phase A study area;to assess their research potential; and to provide a mitigation plan for all significant sites. The Class III survey covered 67.5 km (42 miles) of Phase A aqueduct corridor, which varied in width from 183m (600 feet) to 808 m (2650 feet). Also surveyed during 1982 and early 1983 were 45.4 km (28 miles) of access road (122m in width) and transmission line corridor (61 m in width) and 40.4 hectares (100 acres) of borrow area. In all, about 3947 hectares (9753 acres) were intensively surveyed in 1982 and 1983. The Class III survey was divided into three stages: initial survey, recording, and testing. The initial survey was designed to locate and identify all cultural resource areas in the study area: 78 prehistoric and 8 historic sites were identified during this stage. The second stage involved two different recording strategies. Intensive transect recording was used on 11 sites: 7 large, complex Hohokam habitation sites and 4 Archaic period sites. The primary purpose of intensive recording was to record the presence and distribution of surface artifacts (for example, sherds, ground stone, and shell). These data were collected from l m-wide transects spaced 10m apart and laid out over the site. Each 1 meter square was recorded, the kinds and quantities of artifacts present being noted on special recording forms. These data were computer coded and used to produce a computer plotted map of the site showing the artifact class distributions. One other important aspect of the Class III survey was the identification of all potentially significant cultural resources eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. However, instead of identifying individual significant cultural resources, each of the Phase A reaches was considered as a multiple resource area containing numerous significant cultural resources. Appropriate documentation was prepared for each reach for submission to the State Historic Preservation Office by the Arizona Projects Office.