cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Addressing Cost-burdened Households in Durham County through Inclusive Neighborhoods Policy with Heart Smarts Program
Creators: name: Katz, Julia
name: Ali, Waffa
name: Swedberg, Madelyn
name: Simonds, Margaret
name: Taliaferro, Deja
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: The Durham County Community Health Assessment of 2020 identified affordable housing as the top health priority for the county (Mortiboy et al., 2021). Among Durham County (County) residents, 31% are cost-burdened by housing, meaning 30% or more of household income is spent on housing (Glossary of Terms to Affordable Housing, 2011). This phenomenon is particularly noticeable among Black residents who are more likely to be low-income and have an increased risk of being cost-burdened by housing (Mortiboy et al., 2021). An unintended consequence of being cost-burdened by housing is limited income for food. Insecure food resources decrease nutritional intake and increase food insecurity and malnutrition. Durham’s Inclusive Neighborhoods (Durham IN) with Heart Smarts programmatic policy alleviates the affordable housing crisis, particularly for low-income Black residents. The Durham IN policy proposal aims to increase the supply of permanent, affordable housing while Heart Smarts expands nutritional education in the County. This project was overseen by the advisement of Dr. W. Oscar Fleming in the Gillings School of Global Public Health.
Keywords: affordable housing, cost-burden, nutrition, Durham County
Analyze Mass Spectrometry data with Artificial Intelligence to assist the understanding of past habitability of Mars and provide insights for future missions
Creators: name: Nasios, Ioannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents an application of artificial intelligence on mass spectrometry data for detecting habitability potential of ancient Mars. Although data was collected for planet Mars the same approach can be replicated for any terrestrial object of our solar system. Furthermore, proposed methodology can be adapted to any domain that uses mass spectrometry. This research is focused in data analysis of two mass spectrometry techniques, evolved gas analysis (EGA-MS) and gas chromatography (GC-MS), which are used to identify specific chemical compounds in geological material samples. The study demonstrates the applicability of EGA-MS and GC-MS data to extra-terrestrial material analysis. Most important features of proposed methodology includes square root transformation of mass spectrometry values, conversion of raw data to 2D sprectrograms and utilization of specific machine learning models and techniques to avoid overfitting on relative small datasets. Both EGA-MS and GC-MS datasets come from NASA and two machine learning competitions that the author participated and exploited. Complete running code for the GC-MS dataset/competition is available at GitHub.1 Raw training mass spectrometry data include [0, 1] labels of specific chemical compounds, selected to provide valuable insights and contribute to our understanding of the potential past habitability of Mars.
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping Project: No Evidence for Evolution in the M-sigma Relation to z~1
Creators: name: Shen, Yue
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Denney, Kelly D.
name: Horne, Keith
name: Jiang, Linhua
name: Kochanek, Christopher S.
name: McGreer, Ian D.
name: Merloni, Andrea
name: Peterson, Bradley M.
name: Petitjean, Patrick
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Schulze, Andreas
name: Strauss, Michael A.
name: Tao, Charling
name: Trump, Jonathan R.
name: Pan, Kaike
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present host stellar velocity dispersion measurements for a sample of 88 broad-line quasars at 0.10.6) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Reverberation Mapping (SDSS-RM) project. High signal-to-noise ratio coadded spectra (average S/N~30 per 69 km/s pixel) from SDSS-RM allowed decomposition of the host and quasar spectra, and measurement of the host stellar velocity dispersions and black hole (BH) masses using the single-epoch (SE) virial method. The large sample size and dynamic range in luminosity (L5100=10^(43.2-44.7) erg/s) lead to the first clear detection of a correlation between SE virial BH mass and host stellar velocity dispersion far beyond the local universe. However, the observed correlation is significantly flatter than the local relation, suggesting that there are selection biases in high-z luminosity-threshold quasar samples for such studies. Our uniform sample and analysis enable an investigation of the redshift evolution of the M-sigma relation free of caveats by comparing different samples/analyses at disjoint redshifts. We do not observe evolution of the M-sigma relation in our sample, up to z~1, but there is an indication that the relation flattens towards higher redshifts. Coupled with the increasing threshold luminosity with redshift in our sample, this again suggests certain selection biases are at work, and simple simulations demonstrate that a constant M-sigma relation is favored to z~1. Our results highlight the scientific potential of deep coadded spectroscopy from quasar monitoring programs, and offer a new path to probe the co-evolution of BHs and galaxies at earlier times.
description: replaced with the accepted version (minor changes and updated references); ApJ in press; changed title to highlight the main result
Therapist Feedback and Implications on Adoption of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Co-Facilitator for Online Cancer Support Groups: Mixed Methods Single-Arm Usability Study
Creators: name: Leung, YW
name: Ng, S
name: Duan, L
name: Lam, C
name: Chan, K
name: Gancarz, M
name: Rennie, H
name: Trachtenberg, L
name: Chan, KP
name: Adikari, Achini
name: Fang, L
name: Gratzer, D
name: Hirst, G
name: Wong, J
name: Esplen, MJ
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460102
subject: Applications in health
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems
classificationCode: 3211
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis
classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health

description: Background: The recent onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the social distancing requirement have created an increased demand for virtual support programs. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) may offer novel solutions to management challenges such as the lack of emotional connections within virtual group interventions. Using typed text from online support groups, AI can help identify the potential risk of mental health concerns, alert group facilitator(s), and automatically recommend tailored resources while monitoring patient outcomes. Objective: The aim of this mixed methods, single-arm study was to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, validity, and reliability of an AI-based co-facilitator (AICF) among CancerChatCanada therapists and participants to monitor online support group participants’ distress through a real-time analysis of texts posted during the support group sessions. Specifically, AICF (1) generated participant profiles with discussion topic summaries and emotion trajectories for each session, (2) identified participant(s) at risk for increased emotional distress and alerted the therapist for follow-up, and (3) automatically suggested tailored recommendations based on participant needs. Online support group participants consisted of patients with various types of cancer, and the therapists were clinically trained social workers. Methods: Our study reports on the mixed methods evaluation of AICF, including therapists’ opinions as well as quantitative measures. AICF’s ability to detect distress was evaluated by the patient's real-time emoji check-in, the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software, and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. Results: Although quantitative results showed only some validity of AICF’s ability in detecting distress, the qualitative results showed that AICF was able to detect real-time issues that are amenable to treatment, thus allowing therapists to be more proactive in supporting every group member on an individual basis. However, therapists are concerned about the ethical liability of AICF’s distress detection function. Conclusions: Future works will look into wearable sensors and facial cues by using videoconferencing to overcome the barriers associated with text-based online support groups.
Additional file 2 of Inbreeding depression across the genome of Dutch Holstein Friesian dairy cattle
Creators: name: Doekes, Harmen P.
name: Bijma, Piter
name: Veerkamp, Roel F.
name: Jong, Gerben De
name: Wientjes, Yvonne C. J.
name: Windig, Jack J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Construction of the R matrix for the ADR-model: SNP coding for ROH status and ROH-frequency per SNP and example of genotypes and ROH-status for 30 SNPs and two animals (j and k) in Table S1. Table S2. Construction of the R matrix for the ADR-model: example of calculating the ROH-based relationship between two animals (j and k) based on their ROH-status ( $${x}_{ij}$$ x ij and $${x}_{ik}$$ x ik ) for the 30 SNPs in Table S1. Applying Eq. (S1), the ROH-based relationship between j and k is 3.0471/3.4829 = 0.8749. Note that the frequency of each SNP being in a ROH ( $${p}_{i}^{*}$$ p i ∗ ) was assumed to be known.
ADVANCING ECONOMIC STABILITY AMONG SINGLE-PARENT LATINX HOUSEHOLDS IN DURHAM COUNTY, NC THROUGH NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAMS AND DOWN PAYMENT ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS
Creators: name: FRAVEL, JOHN
name: HULL, AARON
name: TRUDO, TYLER
name: MCLEOD, JOY
name: SAMUEL-JAKUBOS, HALEY
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Economic stability is a key social determinant of health. In Durham County, NC 31% of Latinx families lived below 200% of the federal poverty level (FPL) compared to 20% of Black families and 8% of White families. Additionally, 27.6% of single mother families with children under age 5 live under 100% of the FPL. Economic instability is associated with food insecurity and cost-burdened households. Roughly one in six children within Durham County live in food insecure households (Feeding America, 2018) and 31% of residents spend more than 30 percent of their income on housing. We propose a remediated Durham’s Innovative Nutrition Education (DINE) Program to provide education and resources on nutrition, affordable healthcare, and federal benefits. We also propose re-focusing existing down payment assistance programs on single-parent Latinx families. This will require the engagement of key community stakeholders including the Durham County Department of Public Health, and Community Home Trust.
Additional file 3 of Inbreeding depression across the genome of Dutch Holstein Friesian dairy cattle
Creators: name: Doekes, Harmen P.
name: Bijma, Piter
name: Veerkamp, Roel F.
name: Jong, Gerben De
name: Wientjes, Yvonne C. J.
name: Windig, Jack J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Figure S3. QQ-plots and genomic inflation factors for P-values corresponding to additive, dominance and ROH effects estimated by a single SNP GWAS for nine traits. MY: 305-day milk yield; FY: 305-day fat yield; PY: 305-day protein yield; CI: calving interval; ICF: interval calving to first insemination; IFL: interval first to last insemination; CR: conception rate; SCS150 somatic cell score day 5 to 150; SCS400: somatic cell score day 151 to 400.
Developing Image-Guided, Bedside 3D Printing Practice in Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery
Creators: name: MICHAEL PARK CHAE
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 110323 Surgery
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Medicine

description: Modern imaging technologies are essential for preoperative planning in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Compared to the traditional modalities, a 3D-printed model can provide haptic feedback enhancing spatio-temporal understanding of the anatomy. As key patents expire, 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is becoming more affordable and accessible for clinicians. In the current study, I have established bespoke bedside Peninsula 3D printing workflow solution using open-access software and desktop 3D printers, demonstrated its utility in plastic surgery and, more specifically, in breast reconstructive surgery. Future application of 3D printing combined with augmented reality platform appears promising.
Code for: Macrogenetics reveals multifaceted influences of environmental variation on vertebrate population genetic diversity across the Americas
Creators: name: Lawrence, Elizabeth R
name: Fraser, Dylan J.
name: Pedersen, Eric J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Population ecology
Anthropological genetics
Genetics not elsewhere classified
Behavioural genetics

description: Code used for producing the results presented in Macrogenetics reveals multifaceted influences of environmental variation on vertebrate population genetic diversity across the Americas.
 Submitted to Molecular Ecology. Updated 2023-05-02.
Climate change and its impact on marine life
Creators: name: Khushbu1, Priyanka Sheoran1
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Climate change significantly impacts aquatic life, disrupting ecosystems and affecting various species. As temperatures rise, the warming of oceans, lakes, and rivers disturbs the habitats of many organisms that depend on specific temperature ranges for survival. This poses a serious threat to ecosystems. Global warming indicates the increase in the earth's average atmospheric temperature leading to climate. The twentieth century has seen a considerable rise in the emission of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide and methane. Human activities that produce carbon dioxide are a major contributor to global warming. These toxic gases have damaged the ozone layer, exposing the Earth to harmful solar radiation. Additionally, the emission of these gases forms a barrier around the planet that traps heat, leading to global warming, which in turn affects the environment and living organisms. The rise in air temperature is particularly detrimental to ocean life, as it decreases water density and disrupts the cold, nutrient-rich layers that sustain marine organisms. The warming of oceans also impacts the availability of food for marine species, and increasing temperatures contribute to ocean acidification.
Flexible Computation Offloading at the Edge for Autonomous Drones with Uncertain Flight Times
Creators: name: Polychronis, Giorgos
name: Lalis, Spyros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: An ever increasing number of applications can employ aerial unmanned vehicles, or so-called drones, to perform different sensing and possibly also actuation tasks from the air. In some cases, the data that is captured at a given point has to be processed before moving to the next one. Drones can exploit nearby edge servers to offload the computation instead of performing it locally. However, doing this in a naive way can be suboptimal if servers have limited computing resources and drones have limited energy resources. In this paper, we propose a protocol and resource reservation scheme for each drone and edge server to decide, in a dynamic and fully decentralized way, whether to offload the computation and respectively whether to accept such an offloading requests, with the objective to evenly reduce the drones' mission times. We evaluate our approach through extensive simulation experiments, showing that it can significantly reduce the mission times compared to a no-offloading scenario by up to 26.2%, while outperforming an offloading schedule that has been computed offline by up to 7.4% as well as a purely opportunistic approach by up to 23.9%.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, preprint accepted in the 19th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Smart Systems and the Internet of Things (DCOSS-IoT)
Quantified CTL: Expressiveness and Complexity
Creators: name: Laroussinie, François
name: Markey, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While it was defined long ago, the extension of CTL with quantification over atomic propositions has never been studied extensively. Considering two different semantics (depending whether propositional quantification refers to the Kripke structure or to its unwinding tree), we study its expressiveness (showing in particular that QCTL coincides with Monadic Second-Order Logic for both semantics) and characterise the complexity of its model-checking and satisfiability problems, depending on the number of nested propositional quantifiers (showing that the structure semantics populates the polynomial hierarchy while the tree semantics populates the exponential hierarchy).
Additional file 5 of Inbreeding depression across the genome of Dutch Holstein Friesian dairy cattle
Creators: name: Doekes, Harmen P.
name: Bijma, Piter
name: Veerkamp, Roel F.
name: Jong, Gerben De
name: Wientjes, Yvonne C. J.
name: Windig, Jack J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S5. Statistical significance of additive, dominance and ROH effects for fertility and udder health traits based on single SNP GWAS (continued on next page). The horizontal red line is a threshold based on 10% false-discovery rate (absence of this line indicates that all effects were below the threshold). CI: calving interval (d); ICF: interval calving to first insemination (d); IFL: interval first to last insemination (d); CR: conception rate (%); SCS150 somatic cell score day 5 to 150 (units); SCS400: somatic cell score day 151 to 400 (units).
Addressing Cost-Burdened Households in Durham County Through Inclusive Neighborhoods Policy with Heart Smarts Program
Creators: name: Katz, Julia
name: Taliaferro, Deja
name: Simonds, Margaret
name: Swedberg, Madelyn
name: Ali, Waffa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: The Durham County Community Health Assessment of 2020 identified affordable housing as the top health priority for the county (Mortiboy et al., 2021). Among Durham County (County) residents, 31% are cost-burdened by housing, meaning 30% or more of household income is spent on housing (Glossary of Terms to Affordable Housing, 2011). This phenomenon is particularly noticeable among Black residents who are more likely to be low-income and have an increased risk of being cost-burdened by housing (Mortiboy et al., 2021). An unintended consequence of being cost-burdened by housing is limited income for food. Insecure food resources decrease nutritional intake and increase food insecurity and malnutrition. Durham’s Inclusive Neighborhoods (Durham IN) with Heart Smarts programmatic policy alleviates the affordable housing crisis, particularly for low-income Black residents. The Durham IN policy proposal aims to increase the supply of permanent, affordable housing while Heart Smarts expands nutritional education in the County. This project was overseen by the advisement of Dr. W. Oscar Fleming in the Gillings School of Global Public Health.
Code for: Macrogenetics reveals multifaceted influences of environmental variation on vertebrate population genetic diversity across the Americas
Creators: name: Lawrence, Elizabeth R
name: Fraser, Dylan J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Population ecology
Anthropological genetics
Genetics not elsewhere classified
Behavioural genetics

description: Code used for producing the results presented in Macrogenetics reveals multifaceted influences of environmental variation on vertebrate population genetic diversity across the Americas.
 Submitted to Molecular Ecology
Granular superconductivity below 5~K in SPI-II pyrolytic graphite
Creators: name: Ballestar, Ana
name: Esquinazi, Pablo
name: Böhlmann, Winfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the transport properties of transmission electron microscope (TEM) lamellae obtained from a pyrolytic graphite sample of grade B (SPI-II) with electrical contacts at the edges of the graphene layers. The temperature, magnetic field, input current dependence of the resistance as well as the current-voltage characteristic curves are compatible with the existence of granular superconductivity below 5~K. TEM pictures of the studied lamellae reveal clear differences of the embedded interfaces to those existing in more ordered pyrolytic samples, which appear to be the origin for the relatively lower temperatures at which the granular superconductivity is observed.
description: 5 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 7 of Inbreeding depression across the genome of Dutch Holstein Friesian dairy cattle
Creators: name: Doekes, Harmen P.
name: Bijma, Piter
name: Veerkamp, Roel F.
name: Jong, Gerben De
name: Wientjes, Yvonne C. J.
name: Windig, Jack J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 7: Table S3. Estimated variance components1 for additive + ROH model (AR) and nine traits2, with standard errors in parentheses. Table S4. Comparison of goodness of fit of different GREML models for nine traits.
Form factors of the B-S-transitions in the covariant quark model
Creators: name: Issadykov, Aidos
name: Ivanov, Mikhail A.
name: Sakhiyev, Sayabek K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the wake of exploring uncertainty in the full angular distribution of the $B\to Kπ+μ^+μ^-$ caused by the presence of the intermediate scalar $K^\ast_0$ meson, we perform the straightforward calculation of the $B(B_s)\to S$ (S is a scalar meson) transition form factors in the full kinematical region within the covariant quark model. We restrict ourselves by the scalar mesons below 1 GeV: $a_0(980), f_0(500), f_0(980), K^\ast_0(800)$. As an application of the obtained results we calculate the widths of the semileptonic and rare decays $B(B_s)\to S\ell\barν$, $B(B_s)\to S\ell\bar\ell$ and $B(B_s)\to Sν\barν$. We compare our results with those obtained in other approaches.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, discussion and references added, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Neutron β-decay as the origin of IceCube's PeV (anti)neutrinos
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the indications of a possible deficit of muon tracks in the first three-year equivalent dataset of IceCube we investigate the possibility that the astrophysical (anti)neutrino flux (in the PeV energy range) could originate from β-decay of relativistic neutrons. We show that to accommodate IceCube observations it is necessary that only about 1% to 10% of the emitted cosmic rays in the energy decade 10^{8.5} \alt E_{CR}/GeV \alt 10^{9.5}$, yielding antineutrinos on Earth (10^{5.5} \alt E_{\bar ν}/GeV \alt 10^{6.5}), are observed. Such a strong suppression can be explained assuming magnetic shielding of the secondary protons which diffuse in extragalactic magnetic fields of strength 10 \alt B/nG \alt 100 and coherence length \alt Mpc.
description: To be published in PRD
ADVANCING MENTAL HEALTH AND NUTRITIONAL WELL-BEING AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN DURHAM PUBLIC SCHOOLS WITH SCHOOL-BASED TELEHEALTH THERAPY AND EVIDENCE-BASED NUTRITION EDUCATION
Creators: name: JIAXUN BEI
name: VIRGINIA SCHRANCK
name: HARPER EISEN
name: MIKAYLA WELCH
name: ALYSSA WALKER
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Education access and quality is a social determinant of health that impacts individuals' health outcomes, as those with higher education often live longer, healthier lives (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2023). Physical and mental health can impact an individual's ability to attend and engage in classes, therefore impacting their academic performance. In Durham County, North Carolina 35% of high school students reported feelings of depression and 28% of high school students described themselves as overweight in 2019 (Naney, 2019; Obesity, Diabetes, and Food Access, 2022). We hope to increase equity while addressing mental health and nutritional well-being for all students at Durham County public high schools by providing greater opportunities and resources with school-based telehealth therapy and the Let’s Eat Healthy Nutrition curriculum that can boost their overall health and education. Keywords: Social determinant of health, education access, mental-health, nutrition education, Durham County
Probing $f(R)$ cosmology with sterile neutrinos via measurements of scale-dependent growth rate of structure
Creators: name: Li, Yun-He
name: Zhang, Jing-Fei
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we constrain the dimensionless Compton wavelength parameter $B_0$ of $f(R)$ gravity as well as the mass of sterile neutrino by using the cosmic microwave background observations, the baryon acoustic oscillation surveys, and the linear growth rate measurements. Since both the $f(R)$ model and the sterile neutrino generally predict scale-dependent growth rates, we utilize the growth rate data measured in different wavenumber bins with the theoretical growth rate approximatively scale-independent in each bin. The employed growth rate data come from the peculiar velocity measurements at $z=0$ in five wavenumber bins, and the redshift space distortions measurements at $z=0.25$ and $z=0.37$ in one wavenumber bin. By constraining the $f(R)$ model alone, we get a tight 95\% upper limit of $\log_{10}B_0
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
COMMUNITY BASED APPROACHES TO ADDRESS AFFORDABLE HOUSING FOR LOW-INCOME RENTERS THROUGH BUILT ENVIRONMENTS IN DURHAM COUNTY, NORTH CAROLINA
Creators: name: Shankar, Abhishek
name: Cannon, Kali
name: Gonzalez, Karina
name: Stachowski, Alexa
name: Labra Escudero, Josefina
name: Pitcher, Ariana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Low-income renters in Durham County experience significant cost burden and reduced access to quality nutritional options. Consequently, worse health outcomes can be perpetuated through lack of financial bandwidth or availability of nutritious food options. This proposal presents two key avenues to address these issues: a nutrition community garden program and zoning policy reform. In order to address nutritional options for low-income residents of Durham County, Durham Housing Authority properties should implement a community garden and nutrition education program. To help alleviate cost burden, Durham County should lift Minimum Parking Standards (MPS) to reduce property rent and enhance efficient land use and affordable housing options.
Generation of large-scale magnetic fields, non-Gaussianity, and primordial gravitational waves in inflationary cosmology
Creators: name: Bamba, Kazuharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of large-scale magnetic fields in inflationary cosmology is explored, in particular, in a kind of moduli inflation motivated by racetrack inflation in the context of the Type IIB string theory. In this model, the conformal invariance of the hypercharge electromagnetic fields is broken thanks to the coupling of both the scalar and pseudoscalar fields to the hypercharge electromagnetic fields. The following three cosmological observable quantities are first evaluated: The current magnetic field strength on the Hubble horizon scale, which is much smaller than the upper limit from the back reaction problem, local non-Gaussianity of the curvature perturbations due to the existence of the massive gauge fields, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio. It is explicitly demonstrated that the resultant values of local non-Gaussianity and the tensor-to-scalar ratio are consistent with the Planck data.
description: 34 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Analyse de déchets plastiques marins: détermination de leur contenu chimique
Creators: name: BOUHROUM Rafika
name: PARIS Arnaud
name: WONG WAH CHUNG Pascal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: plastiques
micropolluants organiques persistants
HAP
PCB
ATR-FTIR
PP
PE

description: Identifier et quantifier des micropolluants organiques persistants présents dans des plastiques collectés en Mer Méditerranée.
Semiconductor to metal transition in bilayer phosphorene under normal compressive strain
Creators: name: Manjanath, Aaditya
name: Samanta, Atanu
name: Pandey, Tribhuwan
name: Singh, Abhishek K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phosphorene, a two-dimensional (2D) analog of black phosphorous, has been a subject of immense interest recently, due to its high carrier mobilities and a tunable bandgap. So far, tunability has been predicted to be obtained with very high compressive/tensile in-plane strains, and vertical electric field, which are difficult to achieve experimentally. Here, we show using density functional theory based calculations the possibility of tuning electronic properties by applying normal compressive strain in bilayer phosphorene. A complete and fully reversible semiconductor to metal transition has been observed at $\sim13.35\%$ strain, which can be easily realized experimentally. Furthermore, a direct to indirect bandgap transition has also been observed at $\sim3\%$ strain, which is a signature of unique band-gap modulation pattern in this material. The absence of negative frequencies in phonon spectra as a function of strain demonstrates the structural integrity of the sheets at relatively higher strain range. The carrier mobilities and effective masses also do not change significantly as a function of strain, keeping the transport properties nearly unchanged. This inherent ease of tunability of electronic properties without affecting the excellent transport properties of phosphorene sheets is expected to pave way for further fundamental research leading to phosphorene-based multi-physics devices.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Aerosol delivery of muramyl dipeptide to rodent lungs
Creators: name: Hickey, A. J.
name: Pettis, R. J.
name: Costa, D.
name: Hall, I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Tuberculosis is the single most serious infectious disease worldwide. The respiratory tract is the primary site of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). A number of immunogenic components of the cell wall of MTB, if delivered to the lungs as aerosols, can be used to study the local immune response. The site of deposition of these aerosols can be employed to control their residence time in the lungs. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) aerosols were delivered to alveolar macrophages in the lungs of rodents. Guinea pig macrophages harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage were examined by differential interference contrast microscopy for morphological changes indicative of activation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for the presence of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), and total protein content. Rat alveolar macrophages were studied for the production of nitric oxide, by induction of nitric oxide synthase. Twenty-four hours following exposure to an aerosol of MDP, alveolar macrophages exhibited morphological characterstics (spreading and pseudopodia), enzyme activity (NAG 50% above control), and production of the reactive intermediate nitric oxide. Rat macrophages subjected to aerosol exposure to MDP when challenged with a second dose of MDP or lipopolysaccharide exhibited a linear dose response as measured by nitric oxide production. These studies indicate that the topical delivery of an MTB bacterial cell wall component. muramyl dipeptide, results in activation of alveolar macrophages. This approach may be useful in elucidating elements of the immune response to MTB.
State of Knowledge: Energy Access in Zambia
Creators: name: Energy Poverty PIRE in Southern Africa (EPPSA)
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Household electricity access is increasing; electricity access in urban areas (82%) is much greater than in rural areas (14%). The Rural Electrification Authority (REA) is increasing electricity access in rural areas by expanding the grid and implementing off-grid solar projects. Biomass is the primary cooking fuel in most Zambian households in both urban (charcoal) and rural (fuelwood) areas. The Rural Electrification Act of 2003 created the Rural Electrification Authority, with ambition to increase electrification to 51% of rural households by 2030. >80% of Zambia’s electricity is generated from hydropower; in the short term, the Government of Zambia is diversifying generation sources with coal (11% of power generation). Zambia has immense potential for power generation through solar, wind, geothermal, coal and further hydropower development Zambia is a net energy exporter through the Southern African Power Pool (SAPP); the magnitude of cross-border biomass trade is poorly documented. Charcoal use has increased over the past 30 years and is expected to continue to rise as Zambia rapidly urbanizes. Kerosene use has effectively stopped, with significant drop-off since 2010. After residential use, the mining industry is the greatest consumer of energy. More data are needed to understand energy access and demand among schools and health care facilities. Zambia has released three National Energy Policy documents (1994, 2008, and 2019); the Ministry of Energy released the Integrated Resource Plan in 2021. The current energy agenda in Zambia is focused on diversifying the nation’s energy sector and ensuring equitable access to clean and renewable energy sources for all populations in Zambia. There are a wide range of stakeholders involved in the energy space in Zambia: government agencies and utilities, international aid organizations, NGOs, and private sector firms. In recent years, with the establishment of the Office for Promoting Private Power Investment, the Integrated Resource Plan, and Eighth National Development Plan, the government of Zambia has worked to integrate the efforts of all stakeholders towards their 2030 development goals in the energy sector. Hydropower, the main source of electricity generation in Zambia, is vulnerable to climate events (droughts, floods) that affect the reliability of water flowing through dam. Biomass reliance impacts deforestation and carbon stocks and biomass combustion contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Zambia is addressing vulnerabilities to and impacts on climate change through the 2016 National Climate Change Policy. There are a range of data sources available on energy use and supply in Zambia including household surveys and spatial data sets. The average number of academic publications on energy in Zambia has increased rapidly over the past 5 years.
ADDRESSING COST-BURDENED HOUSEHOLDS IN DURHAM COUNTY THROUGH INCLUSIVE NEIGHBORHOODS POLICY WITH HEART SMARTS PROGRAM
Creators: name: Simonds, Margaret
name: Waffa, Ali
name: Katz, Julia
name: Swedberg, Madelyn
name: Taliaferro, Deja
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: The Durham County Community Health Assessment of 2020 identified affordable housing as the top health priority for the county (Mortiboy et al., 2021). Among Durham County (County) residents, 31% are cost-burdened by housing, meaning 30% or more of household income is spent on housing (Glossary of Terms to Affordable Housing, 2011). This phenomenon is particularly noticeable among Black residents who are more likely to be low-income and have an increased risk of being cost-burdened by housing (Mortiboy et al., 2021). An unintended consequence of being cost-burdened by housing is limited income for food. Insecure food resources decrease nutritional intake and increase food insecurity and malnutrition. Durham’s Inclusive Neighborhoods (Durham IN) with Heart Smarts programmatic policy alleviates the affordable housing crisis, particularly for low-income Black residents. The Durham IN policy proposal aims to increase the supply of permanent, affordable housing while Heart Smarts expands nutritional education in the County. This project was overseen by the advisement of Dr. W. Oscar Fleming in the Gillings School of Global Public Health.
A Novel G Protein-Biased and Subtype-Selective Agonist for a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Discovered from Screening Herbal Extracts
Creators: name: Zhong, G.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Huang, X.-P.
name: Yang, D.
name: Ye, N.
name: Liu, Z.-J.
name: Peng, Y.
name: Shui, W.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Xin, Y.
name: Cai, X.
name: Zhao, S.
name: Wang, M.-W.
name: Cao, H.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Zhao, S.
name: Sun, W.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2020

description: Subtype selectivity and functional bias are vital in current drug discovery for G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) as selective and biased ligands are expected to yield drug leads with optimal on-target benefits and minimal side-effects. However, structure-based design and medicinal chemistry exploration remain challenging in part because of highly conserved binding pockets within subfamilies. Herein, we present an affinity mass spectrometry approach for screening herbal extracts to identify active ligands of a GPCR, the 5-HT2C receptor. Using this method, we discovered a naturally occurring aporphine 1857 that displayed strong selectivity for activating 5-HT2C without activating the 5-HT2A or 5-HT2B receptors. Remarkably, this novel ligand exhibited exclusive bias toward G protein signaling for which key residues were identified, and it showed comparable in vivo efficacy for food intake suppression and weight loss as the antiobesity drug, lorcaserin. Our study establishes an efficient approach to discovering novel GPCR ligands by exploring the largely untapped chemical space of natural products.
Design and synthesis of bitopic 2-phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (pcpma) derivatives as selective dopamine d3 receptor ligands
Creators: name: Huang, X.-P.
name: Sun, J.
name: Zhao, S.
name: Tan, L.
name: Kozikowski, A.P.
name: Cheng, J.
name: Zhou, Q.
name: Yan, W.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2020

description: 2-Phenylcyclopropylmethylamine (PCPMA) analogues have been reported as selective serotonin 2C agonists. On the basis of the same scaffold, we designed and synthesized a series of bitopic derivatives as dopamine D3R ligands. A number of these new compounds show a high binding affinity for D3R with excellent selectivity. Compound (1R,2R)-22e and its enantiomer (1S,2S)-22e show a comparable binding affinity for the D3R, but the former is a potent D3R agonist, while the latter acts as an antagonist. Molecular docking studies revealed different binding poses of the PCPMA moiety within the orthosteric binding pocket of the D3R, which might explain the different functional profiles of the enantiomers. Compound (1R,2R)-30q shows a high binding affinity for the D3R (Ki = 2.2 nM) along with good selectivity, as well as good bioavailability and brain penetration properties in mice. These results reveal that the PCPMA scaffold may serve as a privileged scaffold for the design of aminergic GPCR ligands.
Detecting Beyond-Einstein Polarizations of Continuous Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: Isi, Maximiliano
name: Weinstein, Alan J.
name: Mead, Carver
name: Pitkin, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct detection of gravitational waves with the next generation detectors, like Advanced LIGO, provides the opportunity to measure deviations from the predictions of General Relativity. One such departure would be the existence of alternative polarizations. To measure these, we study a single detector measurement of a continuous gravitational wave from a triaxial pulsar source. We develop methods to detect signals of any polarization content and distinguish between them in a model independent way. We present LIGO S5 sensitivity estimates for 115 pulsars.
description: submitted to PRD
Addressing Cost-Burdened Households in Durham County through Inclusive Neighborhoods Policy with Heart Smarts Program
Creators: name: Katz, Julia
name: Ali, Waffa
name: Taliaferro, Deja
name: Swedberg, Madelyn
name: Simonds, Margaret
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description:  The Durham County Community Health Assessment of 2020 identified affordable housing as the top health priority for the county (Mortiboy et al., 2021). Among Durham County (County) residents, 31% are cost-burdened by housing, meaning 30% or more of household income is spent on housing (Glossary of Terms to Affordable Housing, 2011). This phenomenon is particularly noticeable among Black residents who are more likely to be low-income and have an increased risk of being cost-burdened by housing (Mortiboy et al., 2021). An unintended consequence of being cost-burdened by housing is limited income for food. Insecure food resources decrease nutritional intake and increase food insecurity and malnutrition. Durham’s Inclusive Neighborhoods (Durham IN) with Heart Smarts programmatic policy alleviates the affordable housing crisis, particularly for low-income Black residents. The Durham IN policy proposal aims to increase the supply of permanent, affordable housing while Heart Smarts expands nutritional education in the County. This project was overseen by the advisement of Dr. W. Oscar Fleming in the Gillings School of Global Public Health.
Simulating Users in Interactive Web Table Retrieval
Creators: name: Engelmann, Björn
name: Breuer, Timo
name: Schaer, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Considering the multimodal signals of search items is beneficial for retrieval effectiveness. Especially in web table retrieval (WTR) experiments, accounting for multimodal properties of tables boosts effectiveness. However, it still remains an open question how the single modalities affect user experience in particular. Previous work analyzed WTR performance in ad-hoc retrieval benchmarks, which neglects interactive search behavior and limits the conclusion about the implications for real-world user environments. To this end, this work presents an in-depth evaluation of simulated interactive WTR search sessions as a more cost-efficient and reproducible alternative to real user studies. As a first of its kind, we introduce interactive query reformulation strategies based on Doc2Query, incorporating cognitive states of simulated user knowledge. Our evaluations include two perspectives on user effectiveness by considering different cost paradigms, namely query-wise and time-oriented measures of effort. Our multi-perspective evaluation scheme reveals new insights about query strategies, the impact of modalities, and different user types in simulated WTR search sessions.
description: 4 pages + references; accepted at CIKM'23
Dezocine Alleviates Morphine-Induced Dependence in Rats
Creators: name: Chen, C.-H.
name: Gao, H.
name: Xi, C.-H.
name: Wu, F.-X.
name: Babazada, H.
name: Liu, R.
name: Xi, J.
name: Yu, W.-F.
name: Huang, X.-P.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2019

description: BACKGROUND: Opioid dependence is a major public health issue without optimal therapeutics. This study investigates the potential therapeutic effect of dezocine, a nonaddictive opioid, in opioid dependence in rat models. METHODS: Dezocine was administered intraperitoneally to a morphine-dependent rat model to investigate its effect on withdrawal and conditioned place preference (CPP). Effect of dezocine on morphine withdrawal syndrome and CPP was analyzed using 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Buprenorphine and vehicle solution containing 20% (v/v) dimethyl sulfoxide were used for positive and negative control, respectively. The astrocytes activation in nucleus accumbens was assessed by immunofluorescence assay of glial fibrillary acidic protein. Effect of dezocine and buprenorphine on the internalization of κ opioid receptor (KOR) was investigated using Neuro2A expressing KOR fused to red fluorescent protein tdTomato (KOR-tdT). Buprenorphine and dezocine were screened against 44 G-protein-coupled receptors, ion channels, and transporter proteins using radioligand-binding assay to compare the molecular targets. RESULTS: The mean withdrawal score was reduced in rats treated with 1.25 mg·kg-1 dezocine compared to vehicle-treated control animals starting from the day 1 (mean difference: 7.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.35-9.25; P <.0001 by 2-way ANOVA). Significance was observed at all treatment days, including day 7 (mean difference: 2.13; 95% CI, 0.68-3.58; P <.001 by 2-way ANOVA). Furthermore, dezocine inhibited the reinstatement of morphine-induced CPP (mean difference: 314; 95% CI, 197.9-430.1; P <.0001 by 2-way ANOVA) compared to the control group. Chronic morphine administration induced astrocytes activation in nucleus accumbens, which was attenuated by dezocine. Dezocine blocked the agonist-induced KOR internalization in vitro, 1 of the mechanisms involved in the downstream signaling and development of opioid dependence. Dezocine had affinity to norepinephrine and serotonin transporters and sigma-1 receptor, whereas buprenorphine showed no activity against these targets. CONCLUSIONS: Dezocine could potentially be used to alleviate opioid dependence. Due to the unique molecular target profile different from buprenorphine, it might have important value in studying the mechanisms of morphine dependence and developing novel therapeutic approaches.
Missionare als kulturelle und politische Grenzgänger in der Frühen Neuzeit
Creators: name: Nebgen, Christoph
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (2019): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 48, Heft 2