cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Accounting for Classical Hardware in the Control of Quantum Devices
Creators: name: Hincks, Ian N.
name: Granade, Christopher
name: Borneman, Troy W.
name: Cory, D. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High fidelity coherent control of quantum systems is critical to building quantum devices and quantum computers. We provide a general optimal control framework for designing control sequences that account for hardware control distortions while maintaining robustness to environmental noise. We demonstrate the utility of our algorithm by presenting examples of robust quantum gates optimized in the presence of nonlinear distortions. We show that nonlinear classical controllers do not necessarily incur additional computational cost to pulse optimization, enabling more powerful quantum devices.
description: 18 pages with appendices, 8 figures
Non-Einsteinian Viscosity Behavior in Plasma-Functionalized Graphene Nanoflake Nanofluids and their Effect on the Dynamic Viscosity of Methane Hydrate Systems
Creators: name: McElligott, Adam
name: Guerra, André
name: Du, Chong Yang
name: Rey, Alejandro D.
name: Meunier, Jean-Luc
name: Servio, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water's viscosity dependence on pressure was also not affected by O-GNFs, except at 10 ppm, where the shuttle effect may have increased the presence of hydrophobic methane bubbles in the solution. Under high pressure, the relative viscosity of the system remained non-Einsteinian at all temperatures except 2C. This may have been because the density anomaly of water was shifted to a colder temperature as the hydrogen bonding network was weaker. The phase transition from liquid to hydrate was identical to that of pure water, indicating that the presence of different stages of growth was not affected by the presence of O-GNF. However, the times to reach a maximum viscosity were faster in O-GNF systems compared to pure water. This said, the hydrate formation limitations inherent to the measurement system were not overcome by the presence of O-GNFs. The times to application-relevant viscosity values were maximized in the 1 ppm system at 49.75 % (200 mPa.s) and 31.93 % (500 mPa.s) faster than the baseline. Therefore, the presence of O-GNFs allowed for shorter times to desired viscosities and at lower driving forces than the baseline, improving the viability of the hydrate technologies to which they can be added.
Attitude and Behavior Effects in a Randomized Trial of Increased Access to Emergency Contraception
Creators: name: Raymond, Elizabeth G.
name: Baecher, Laura
name: Weaver, Mark A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To explore the effects of providing unrestricted access to emergency contraception in advance of need on various psychosocial outcomes and pregnancy.
Circular time-like geodesics around a charged spherically symmetric dilaton black hole
Creators: name: Blaga, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C10, 83C20, 83C57

description: In this note we examine the circular time-like geodesics near a spherically symmetric dilaton black hole, described using the exact solution for a static charged black hole found by Gibbons and Maeda and, independently, by Garfinkle, Horowitz and Strominger. The existence and stability of the circular orbits are analysed using the effective potential of a free material test particle moving on time-like geodesic near this black hole. We determine the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit, the radius of the shortest circular orbit and compare our results with those obtained by other authors for specific values of the parameters involved in our analysis.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Peculiar black hole accretion rates in AGN with highest star formation rates in the universe
Creators: name: Garofalo, David
name: Pouliasis, Ektoras
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pouliasis et al (2022b) explored star formation rates, black hole accretion rates, and stellar mass of active galaxies at redshift above 3.5, uncovering a leveling off of the star formation rate at high stellar mass, which they consider to be evidence of AGN feedback. Their data shows that as AGN approach the flattening of the curve in the star formation rate - stellar mass plane, the accretion rates begin to drop. We describe the nature of the AGN feedback responsible for this in terms of powerful FRII jets enhancing star formation rates but eventually also triggering a shift in accretion from near-Eddington rates to advection dominated. These systems are on the cusp of a dramatic transition where the active galaxy goes from strong enhancement to large suppression of star formation in a way that produces the steeper slope for radio AGN at low redshift compared to radio AGN at higher redshift and to jetless AGN. We argue, therefore, that the data of Pouliasis et al constitute the high redshift objects predicted by Singh et al (2021) that connect to the low redshift behavior of radio AGN shown in Comerford et al (2020).
description: in press
Response to: Comment on "Orbital precession of the S2 star in scalar-tensor-vector gravity"
Creators: name: Della Monica, Riccardo
name: de Martino, Ivan
name: de Laurentis, Mariafelicia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The explicit derivation for the orbital precession of the S2 star in the Galactic Center in the Scalar-Tensor-Vector Gravity is discussed and compared with previous research. The two different predictions are validated by numerically integrating the geodesic equations for a test particle.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 appendix. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Logic-Independent IDE
Creators: name: Rabe, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; D.2.6

description: The author's MMT system provides a framework for defining and implementing logical systems. By combining MMT with the jEdit text editor, we obtain a logic-independent IDE. The IDE functionality includes advanced features such as context-sensitive auto-completion, search, and change management.
description: In Proceedings UITP 2014, arXiv:1410.7850
Duration of Lactation and Risk Factors for Maternal Cardiovascular Disease
Creators: name: Cauley, Jane A.
name: Ness, Roberta B.
name: Schwarz, Eleanor Bimla
name: Stuebe, Alison M.
name: Allison, Matthew A.
name: Ray, Roberta M.
name: Freiberg, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To examine dose-response relationships between the cumulative number of months women lactated and postmenopausal risk factors for cardiovascular disease.
The glocal forest
Creators: name: Seri, Efrat
name: Shtilerman, Elad
name: Shnerb, Nadav M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Ecological spatial patterns reflect the underlying processes that shape the structure of species and communities. Mechanisms like inter and intra species competition, dispersal and host-pathogen interactions are believed to act over a wide range of scales, and the inference of the process from the pattern is, despite its popularity, a challenging task. Here we call attention to a quite unexpected phenomenon in the extensively studied tropical forest at the Barro-Colorado Island (BCI): the spatial deployment of (almost) all tree species is statistically equivalent, once distances are normalized by , the typical distance between neighboring conspecific trees. Correlation function, cluster statistics and nearest-neighbor distance distribution become species-independent after this rescaling. Global observables (species frequencies) and local spatial structure appear to be interrelated. This "glocality" suggests a radical interpretation of recent experiments that show a correlation between species' abundance and the negative feedback among conspecifics. For the forest to be glocal, the negative feedback must govern spatial patterns over all scales.
Harvesting the Lyα forest with convolutional neural networks
Creators: name: Cheng, Ting-Yun
name: Cooke, Ryan
name: Rudie, Gwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a machine learning based algorithm using a convolutional neural network (CNN) to identify low HI column density Ly$α$ absorption systems ($\log{N_{\mathrm{HI}}}/{\rm cm}^{-2}<17$) in the Ly$α$ forest, and predict their physical properties, such as their HI column density ($\log{N}_{\mathrm{HI}}/{\rm cm}^{-2}$), redshift ($z_{\mathrm{HI}}$), and Doppler width ($b_{\mathrm{HI}}$). Our CNN models are trained using simulated spectra (S/N $\simeq10$), and we test their performance on high quality spectra of quasars at redshift $z\sim2.5-2.9$ observed with the High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer on the Keck I telescope. We find that $\sim78\%$ of the systems identified by our algorithm are listed in the manual Voigt profile fitting catalogue. We demonstrate that the performance of our CNN is stable and consistent for all simulated and observed spectra with S/N $\gtrsim10$. Our model can therefore be consistently used to analyse the enormous number of both low and high S/N data available with current and future facilities. Our CNN provides state-of-the-art predictions within the range $12.5\leq\log{N_{\mathrm{HI}}}/\mathrm{cm^{-2}}<15.5$ with a mean absolute error of $Δ(\log{N}_{\mathrm{HI}}/{\rm cm}^{-2})=0.13$, $Δ(z_{\mathrm{HI}})=2.7\times{10}^{-5}$, and $Δ(b_{\mathrm{HI}})=4.1\ \mathrm{km\ s^{-1}}$. The CNN prediction costs $<3$ minutes per model per spectrum with a size of 120\,000 pixels using a laptop computer. We demonstrate that CNNs can significantly increase the efficiency of analysing Ly$α$ forest spectra, and thereby greatly increase the statistics of Ly$α$ absorbers.
description: 22 pages including 2-pages Appendices, 14 figures plus 4 figures in Appendices. This paper is submitted to MNRAS and has addressed the first referee report
The Role of Turbulence in Neutrino-Driven Core-Collapse Supernova Explosions
Creators: name: Couch, Sean M.
name: Ott, Christian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutrino-heated "gain layer" immediately behind the stalled shock in a core-collapse supernova is unstable to high-Reynolds-number turbulent convection. We carry out and analyze a new set of 19 high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) simulations with a three-species neutrino leakage/heating scheme and compare with spherically-symmetric (1D) and axisymmetric (2D) simulations carried out with the same methods. We study the postbounce supernova evolution in a $15$-$M_\odot$ progenitor star and vary the local neutrino heating rate, the magnitude and spatial dependence of asphericity from convective burning in the Si/O shell, and spatial resolution. Our simulations suggest that there is a direct correlation between the strength of turbulence in the gain layer and the susceptability to explosion. 2D and 3D simulations explode at much lower neutrino heating rates than 1D simulations. This is commonly explained by the fact that nonradial dynamics allows accreting material to stay longer in the gain layer. We show that this explanation is incomplete. Our results indicate that the effective turbulent ram pressure exerted on the shock plays a crucial role by allowing multi-D models to explode at a lower postshock thermal pressure and thus with less neutrino heating than 1D models. We connect the turbulent ram pressure with turbulent energy at large scales and in this way explain why 2D simulations are erroneously exploding more easily than 3D simulations.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted by ApJ
Team theAntipodes: Solution Methodology for GTOC11
Creators: name: Armellin, Roberto
name: Beauregard, Laurent
name: Bellome, Andrea
name: Bernardini, Nicolò
name: Fossa, Alberto
name: Fu, Xiaoyu
name: Holt, Harry
name: Parigini, Cristina
name: Pirovano, Laura
name: Wijayatunga, Minduli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper presents the solution approach developed by the team "theAntipodes" for the 11th Global Trajectory Optimization Competition (GTOC11). The approach consists of four main blocks: 1) mothership chain generation, 2) rendezvous table generation, 3) the dispatcher, and 4) the refinement. Blocks 1 and 3 are purely combinatorial optimization problems that select the asteroids to visit and allocate them to the Dyson ring stations. The rendezvous table generation involves interpolating time-optimal transfers to find all transfer opportunities between selected asteroids and the ring stations. The dispatcher uses the data stored in the table and allocates the asteroids to the Dyson ring stations optimally. The refinement ensures each rendezvous trajectory meets the problem accuracy constraints and introduces deep-space maneuvers to the mothership transfers. We provide the details of our solution that, with a score of 5,992, was worth 3rd place.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Prevalence of Uterine Leiomyomas in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: An Ultrasound-Screening Study
Creators: name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Baird, Donna D.
name: Hartmann, Katherine E.
name: Laughlin, Shannon K.
name: Savitz, David A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To estimate the proportion of pregnant women with one or more leiomyoma detected by research quality ultrasound screening in the first trimester; to describe the size and location of leiomyomas identified; and to report variation in prevalence by race/ethnicity.
Nonconvex Sorted $\ell_1$ Minimization for Sparse Approximation
Creators: name: Huang, Xiaolin
name: Shi, Lei
name: Yan, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The $\ell_1$ norm is the tight convex relaxation for the $\ell_0$ "norm" and has been successfully applied for recovering sparse signals. For problems with fewer samplings, one needs to enhance the sparsity by nonconvex penalties such as $\ell_p$ "norm". As one method for solving $\ell_p$ minimization problems, iteratively reweighted $\ell_1$ minimization updates the weight for each component based on the value of the same component at the previous iteration. It assigns large weights on small components in magnitude and small weights on large components in magnitude. In this paper, we consider a weighted $\ell_1$ penalty with the set of the weights fixed and the weights are assigned based on the sort of all the components in magnitude. The smallest weight is assigned to the largest component in magnitude. This new penalty is called nonconvex sorted $\ell_1$. Then we propose two methods for solving nonconvex sorted $\ell_1$ minimization problems: iteratively reweighted $\ell_1$ minimization and iterative sorted thresholding, and prove that both methods will converge to a local optimum. We also show that both methods are generalizations of iterative support detection and iterative hard thresholding respectively. The numerical experiments demonstrate the better performance of assigning weights by sort compared to $\ell_p$ minimization.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Study of correlation between optical flux and polarization variations in BL Lac objects
Creators: name: Rajput, Bhoomika
name: Pandey, Ashwani
name: Stalin, C. S.
name: Mathew, Blesson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarized radiation from blazars is one key piece of evidence for synchrotron radiation at low energy, which also shows variations. We present here our results on the correlation analysis between optical flux and polarization degree (PD) variations in a sample of 11 BL Lac objects using $\sim$ 10 years of data from the Steward Observatory. We carried out the analysis on long-term ($\sim$ several months) as well as on short-term timescales ($\sim$ several days). On long-term timescales, for about 85% of the observing cycles, we found no correlation between optical flux and PD. On short-term timescales, we found a total of 58 epochs with a significant correlation between optical flux and PD, where both positive and negative correlation were observed. In addition, we also found a significant correlation between optical flux and $γ$-ray flux variations on long-term timescales in 11% of the observing cycles. The observed PD variations in our study cannot be explained by changes in the power-law spectral index of the relativistic electrons in the jets. The shock-in-jet scenario is favoured for the correlation between optical flux and PD, whereas the anti-correlation can be explained by the presence of multi-zone emission regions. The varying correlated behaviour can also be explained by the enhanced optical flux caused by the newly developed radio knots in the jets and their magnetic field alignment with the large scale jet magnetic field.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Role of Second-Trimester Genetic Sonography After Down Syndrome Screening
Creators: name: Saade, George R.
name: Comstock, Christine H.
name: Aagaard-Tillery, Kjersti M.
name: Timor-Tritsch, Ilan E.
name: Bianchi, Diana W.
name: D’Alton, Mary E.
name: Cuckle, Howard S.
name: Carr, Stephen R.
name: Dugoff, Lorraine
name: Nyberg, David A.
name: Sullivan, Lisa
name: Eddleman, Keith
name: Fuchs, Karin
name: Gross, Susan
name: Malone, Fergal D.
name: Wolfe, Honor M.
name: Craigo, Sabrina D.
name: Porter, T Flint
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: To estimate the effectiveness of second-trimester genetic sonography in modifying Down syndrome screening test results.
On the Response of Basic Walfisch-Ikegami and Walfisch-Bertoni Models to QMM Calibration
Creators: name: Ayorinde, Ayotunde
name: Muhammed, Hisham
name: Mowete, Ike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 41

description: This paper systematically examines the response to Quasi Moment Method (QMM) calibration, of the basic COST231 Walfisch Ikegami, ITUR Walfisch Ikegami, and Walfisch-Bertoni models. First, it is demonstrated that the component parameters of the models are suitable candidates for use as expansion or testing functions with QMM pathloss model calibration schemes; and thereafter, the basic models are subjected to calibration, using measurement data available in the open literature. Computational results reveal that the COST231 Walfisch Ikegami and ITU Walfisch Ikegami models have virtually identical QMM calibration root mean square error (RMSE) responses; and that the Walfisch Bertoni model has better RMSE responses than both of them. A particular attribute revealed by the simulation results is that all QMM calibrated Walfisch type basic models have excellent mean prediction error (MPE) metrics (in general, less than 0.001dB). In addition to pathloss prediction profiles, the paper also presents profiles of disaggregated net pathloss, in terms of contributions by component parameters, including roof-top-to-street diffraction and scatter loss and multiscreen diffraction loss.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, 20 references, Journal publication
Multiwavelength modeling the SED of Luminous Supersoft X-ray Sources in Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Skopal, Augustin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical supersoft X-ray sources (SSSs) are understood as close binary systems in which a massive white dwarf (WD) accretes from its companion at rates sustaining steady hydrogen burning on its surface generating bolometric luminosities of $10^{36}-2\times10^{38}$ erg/s. Here, we perform for the first time the global supersoft X-rays to near-infrared (NIR) spectral energy distribution (SED) for the brightest SSSs in LMC and SMC. We test a model in which the ultraviolet--NIR is dominated by the emission from a compact (unresolved) circumstellar nebula represented by the ionized gas out-flowing from the SSS. The SED models correspond to luminosities of SSSs a few times $10^{38}-10^{39}$ erg/s, radiating at blackbody temperatures of $\approx 3\times 10^{5}$ K, and indicate nebular continuum, whose emission measure of $\gtrsim 2\times10^{60}$ cm$^{-3}$ corresponds to a wind mass-loss at rates $\gtrsim 2\times 10^{-6}$ $M_{\odot}\,{\rm yr}^{-1}$. Such extreme parameters suggest that the brightest SSSs could be unidentified optical novae in a post-nova SSS state sustained at a high long-lasting luminosity by resumed accretion, possibly at super-Eddington rates. New observations and theoretical multiwavelength modeling of the global SED of SSSs are needed to reliably determine their parameters, and thus understand their proper stage in stellar evolution.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, accepted for AJ
Reshaping and ejection processes on rubble-pile asteroids by impacts
Creators: name: Raducan, S. D.
name: Jutzi, M.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Ormö, J.
name: Michel, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Most small asteroids (<50 km in diameter) are the result of the breakup of a larger parent body and are often considered to be rubble-pile objects. Similar structures are expected for the secondaries of small asteroid binaries, including Dimorphos, the smaller component of the 65803 Didymos binary system and the target of NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) and ESA's Hera mission. The DART impact occurs on September 26th, 2022 and it will alter the orbital period of Dimorphos around Didymos. Aims. In this work we assume Dimorphos-like bodies with a rubble-pile structure, and quantify the effects of boulder packing in its interior on the post-impact morphology, degree of shape change and material ejection processes. Methods. We used the Bern SPH shock physics code to numerically model hypervelocity impacts into small, 160 m in diameter rubble-pile asteroids, with a variety of boulder distributions. Results. We find that the post-impact target morphology is most sensitive to the mass-fraction of boulders in the target, while the asteroid deflection efficiency depends on both the mass-fraction of boulders in the target and on the boulder size-distribution close to the impact point. Our results may also have important implications for the structure of small asteroids.
The Certification Problem Format
Creators: name: Sternagel, Christian
name: Thiemann, René
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We provide an overview of CPF, the certification problem format, and explain some design decisions. Whereas CPF was originally invented to combine three different formats for termination proofs into a single one, in the meanwhile proofs for several other properties of term rewrite systems are also expressible: like confluence, complexity, and completion. As a consequence, the format is already supported by several tools and certifiers. Its acceptance is also demonstrated in international competitions: the certified tracks of both the termination and the confluence competition utilized CPF as exchange format between automated tools and trusted certifiers.
description: In Proceedings UITP 2014, arXiv:1410.7850
Family History of Venous Thromboembolism and Identifying Factor V Leiden Carriers During Pregnancy
Creators: name: Wenstrom, Katharine
name: Samuels, Philip
name: Dizon-Townson, Donna
name: Momirova, Valerija
name: Wendel, George
name: Sorokin, Yoram
name: Horton, Amanda L.
name: OʼSullivan, Mary J.
name: Cotroneo, Margaret
name: Miodovnik, Menachem
name: Spong, Catherine Y.
name: Wapner, Ronald J.
name: Conway, Deborah
name: Sibai, Baha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To estimate whether there is a correlation between family history of venous thromboembolism and factor V Leiden mutation carriage in gravid women without personal history of venous thromboembolism.
Taking a Language Detour: How International Migrants Speaking a Minority Language Seek COVID-Related Information in Their Host Countries
Creators: name: Gao, Ge
name: Zheng, Jian
name: Choe, Eun Kyoung
name: Yamashita, Naomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Information seeking is crucial for people's self-care and wellbeing in times of public crises. Extensive research has investigated empirical understandings as well as technical solutions to facilitate information seeking by domestic citizens of affected regions. However, limited knowledge is established to support international migrants who need to survive a crisis in their host countries. The current paper presents an interview study with two cohorts of Chinese migrants living in Japan (N=14) and the United States (N=14). Participants reflected on their information seeking experiences during the COVID pandemic. The reflection was supplemented by two weeks of self-tracking where participants maintained records of their COVIDrelated information seeking practice. Our data indicated that participants often took language detours, or visits to Mandarin resources for information about the COVID outbreak in their host countries. They also made strategic use of the Mandarin information to perform selective reading, cross-checking, and contextualized interpretation of COVID-related information in Japanese or English. While such practices enhanced participants' perceived effectiveness of COVID-related information gathering and sensemaking, they disadvantaged people through sometimes incognizant ways. Further, participants lacked the awareness or preference to review migrant-oriented information that was issued by the host country's public authorities despite its availability. Building upon these findings, we discussed solutions to improve international migrants' COVID-related information seeking in their non-native language and cultural environment. We advocated inclusive crisis infrastructures that would engage people with diverse levels of local language fluency, information literacy, and experience in leveraging public services.
Dynamics of the wakefield of a multi-petawatt, femtosecond laser pulse in a configuration with ultrarelativistic electrons
Creators: name: Jovanovic, D.
name: Fedele, R.
name: Belic, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The wake field excitation in an unmagnetized plasma by a multi-petawatt, femtosecond, pancake-shaped laser pulse is described both analytically and numerically in the regime with ultrarelativistic electron jitter velocities, when the plasma electrons are almost expelled from the pulse region. This is done, for the first time, in fluid theory. A novel mathematical model is devised that does not break down for very intense pump strengths, in contrast to the standard approach that uses the laser field envelope and the ponderomotive guiding center averaging. This is accomplished by employing a three-timescale description, with the intermediate scale associated with the nonlinear phase of the electromagnetic wave and with the bending of its wave front. The evolution of the pulse and of its electrostatic wake are studied by the numerical solution in a two-dimensional geometry, with the spot diameter \geq 100 microns. It reveals that the optimum initial pulse length needs to be somewhat bigger than 1 micron (1-2 oscillations), as suggested by simple analytical local estimates, because the nonlocal plasma response tends to stretch very short pulses.
Characterization of Bose-Hubbard Models with Quantum Non-demolition Measurements
Creators: name: Rogers, B.
name: Paternostro, M.
name: Sherson, J. F.
name: De Chiara, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for the detection of quantum phase transitions in the 1D Bose-Hubbard (BH) and 1D Extended Bose-Hubbard (EBH) models, using the non-demolition measurement technique of quantum polarization spectroscopy. We use collective measurements of the effective total angular momentum of a particular spatial mode to characterise the Mott insulator to superfluid phase transition in the BH model, and the transition to a density wave state in the EBH model. We extend the application of collective measurements to the ground states at various deformations of a super-lattice potential.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures; published version in PRA, Editors' Suggestion
Unplanned Pregnancy in Women With Anorexia Nervosa
Creators: name: Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted
name: Hoffman, Elizabeth R.
name: Stoltenberg, Camilla
name: Torgersen, Leila
name: Von Holle, Ann
name: Bulik, Cynthia M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To compare the frequency with which unplanned pregnancies occur in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) relative to women without eating disorders in the large Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.
Graphene as Gain Medium for Broadband Lasers
Creators: name: Jago, Roland
name: Winzer, Torben
name: Knorr, Andreas
name: Malic, Ermin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In contrast to conventional structures, efficient non-radiative carrier recombination counteracts the appearance of optical gain in graphene. Based on a microscopic and fully quantum-mechanical study of the coupled carrier, phonon, and photon dynamics in graphene, we present a strategy to obtain a long-lived gain: Integrating graphene into a photonic crystal nanocavity and applying a high-dielectric substrate gives rise to pronounced coherent light emission suggesting the design of graphene-based laser devices covering a broad spectral range.
VITAMIN C AND E SUPPLEMENTATION TO PREVENT SPONTANEOUS PRETERM BIRTH
Creators: name: Peaceman, Alan M.
name: Myatt, Leslie
name: Anderson, Garland B.
name: Clifton, Rebecca G.
name: Sorokin, Yoram
name: Spong, Catherine Y.
name: Mercer, Brian M.
name: Varner, Michael W.
name: Tolosa, Jorge E.
name: Hauth, John C.
name: Leveno, Kenneth J.
name: Roberts, James M.
name: Thorp, John M.
name: Harper, Margaret
name: Saade, George
name: Ramin, Susan M.
name: Sciscione, Anthony
name: Pearson, Gail D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Evidence suggests an association between maternal vitamin C levels and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PROM) or preterm labor. The objective of this study was to estimate whether maternally administered vitamins C and E lowers the risk of spontaneous preterm birth (SPB).
Facilitating Global Team Meetings Between Language-Based Subgroups: When and How Can Machine Translation Help?
Creators: name: Zhang, Yongle
name: Owusu, Dennis Asamoah
name: Carpuat, Marine
name: Gao, Ge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Global teams frequently consist of language-based subgroups who put together complementary information to achieve common goals. Previous research outlines a two-step work communication flow in these teams. There are team meetings using a required common language (i.e., English); in preparation for those meetings, people have subgroup conversations in their native languages. Work communication at team meetings is often less effective than in subgroup conversations. In the current study, we investigate the idea of leveraging machine translation (MT) to facilitate global team meetings. We hypothesize that exchanging subgroup conversation logs before a team meeting offers contextual information that benefits teamwork at the meeting. MT can translate these logs, which enables comprehension at a low cost. To test our hypothesis, we conducted a between-subjects experiment where twenty quartets of participants performed a personnel selection task. Each quartet included two English native speakers (NS) and two non-native speakers (NNS) whose native language was Mandarin. All participants began the task with subgroup conversations in their native languages, then proceeded to team meetings in English. We manipulated the exchange of subgroup conversation logs prior to team meetings: with MT-mediated exchanges versus without. Analysis of participants' subjective experience, task performance, and depth of discussions as reflected through their conversational moves jointly indicates that team meeting quality improved when there were MT-mediated exchanges of subgroup conversation logs as opposed to no exchanges. We conclude with reflections on when and how MT could be applied to enhance global teamwork across a language barrier.
PIDE for Asynchronous Interaction with Coq
Creators: name: Tankink, Carst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper describes the initial progress towards integrating the Coq proof assistant with the PIDE architecture initially developed for Isabelle. The architecture is aimed at asynchronous, parallel interaction with proof assistants, and is tied in heavily with a plugin that allows the jEdit editor to work with Isabelle. We have made some generalizations to the PIDE architecture to accommodate for more provers than just Isabelle, and adapted Coq to understand the core protocol: this delivered a working system in about two man-months.
description: In Proceedings UITP 2014, arXiv:1410.7850
On the Uniqueness of the Quasi-Moment-Method Solution to the Pathloss Model Calibration Problem
Creators: name: Muhammed, Hisham
name: Ayorinde, Ayotunde
name: Okewole, Francis
name: Adelabu, Michael
name: Mowete, Ike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 41

description: Investigations in this paper focus on establishing the uniqueness properties of the Quasi Moment Method (QMM) solution to the problem of calibrating nominal radiowave propagation pathloss prediction models. Nominal (basic) prediction models utilized for the investigations, were first subjected to QMM calibrations with measurements from three different propagation scenarios. Then, the nominal models were recast in forms suitable for Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) calibration before being calibrated with both the SVD and QMM algorithms. The prediction performances of the calibrated models as evaluated in terms of Root Mean Square Prediction Error (RMSE), Mean Prediction Error (MPE), and Grey Relational Grade Mean Absolute Percentage Error (GRG MAPE) very clearly indicate that the uniqueness of QMM calibrations of basic pathloss models is more readily observable, when the basic models are recast in forms specific to SVD calibration. In the representative case of calibration with indoor to outdoor measurements, RMSE values were recorded for QMM calibrated nominal models as 5.2639dB for the ECC33 model, and 5.3218dB for the other nominal models. Corresponding metrics for the alternative (rearranged) nominal models emerged as 5.2663dB for the ECC33 model and 5.2591dB for the other models. A similar general trend featured in the GRG MAPE metrics, which for both SVD and QMM calibrations of all the alternative models, was recorded as 0.9131, but differed slightly (between 0.9138 and 0.9196) for the QMM calibration of the nominal models. The slight differences between these metrics (due to computational round off approximations) confirm that when the components of basic models are linearly independent, the QMM solution is unique.
description: 12 pages, 7 Figures, 15 References, Journal Publication
White’s Classification of Maternal Diabetes and Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Delivery Success in Women Undergoing a Trial of Labor
Creators: name: Lai, Yinglei
name: Varner, Michael W.
name: Landon, Mark B.
name: Miodovnik, Menachem
name: Langer, Oded
name: Wapner, Ronald J.
name: Rouse, Dwight J.
name: O’Sullivan, Mary J.
name: Sibai, Baha M.
name: Cormier, Clint M.
name: Sorokin, Yoram
name: Spong, Catherine Y.
name: Carpenter, Marshall
name: Mercer, Brian M.
name: Simhan, Hyagriv N.
name: Leveno, Kenneth J.
name: Peaceman, Alan M.
name: Thorp, John M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To estimate the rate of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery (VBAC) success in diabetic women based on White’s Classification.
Discovery of Line Pressure Broadening and Direct Constraint on Gas Surface Density in a Protoplanetary Disk
Creators: name: Yoshida, Tomohiro C.
name: Nomura, Hideko
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Furuya, Kenji
name: Ueda, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The gas surface density profile of protoplanetary disks is one of the most fundamental physical properties to understand planet formation. However, it is challenging to determine the surface density profile observationally, because the H$_2$ emission cannot be observed in low-temperature regions. We analyzed the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archival data of the \co line toward the protoplanetary disk around TW Hya and discovered extremely broad line wings due to the pressure broadening. In conjunction with a previously reported optically thin CO isotopologue line, the pressure broadened line wings enabled us to directly determine the midplane gas density for the first time. The gas surface density at $\sim5$ au from the central star reaches $\sim 10^3\ {\rm g\ cm^{-2}}$, which suggests that the inner region of the disk has enough mass to form a Jupiter-mass planet. Additionally, the gas surface density drops at the inner cavity by $\sim2$ orders of magnitude compared to outside the cavity. We also found a low CO abundance of $\sim 10^{-6}$ with respect to H$_2$, even inside the CO snowline, which suggests conversion of CO to less volatile species. Combining our results with previous studies, the gas surface density jumps at $r\sim 20$ au, suggesting that the inner region ($3
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL
Macht, Ethik und die Armen in der Erforschung der Humangenetik
Creators: name: Anjos, Márcio Fabri Dos
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 34 Nr. 2 (1998): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 34, Heft 2
Distinguishing between evidence and its explanations in the steering of atomic clocks
Creators: name: Myers, John M.
name: Madjid, F. Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum theory reflects within itself a separation of evidence from explanations. This separation leads to a known proof that: (1) no wave function can be determined uniquely by evidence, and (2) any chosen wave function requires a guess reaching beyond logic to things unforeseeable. Chosen wave functions are encoded into computer-mediated feedback essential to atomic clocks, including clocks that step computers through their phases of computation and clocks in space vehicles that supply evidence of signal propagation explained by hypotheses of spacetimes with metric tensor fields. The propagation of logical symbols from one computer to another requires a shared rhythm---like a bucket brigade. Here we show how hypothesized metric tensors, dependent on guesswork, take part in the logical synchronization by which clocks are steered in rate and position toward aiming points that satisfy phase constraints, thereby linking the physics of signal propagation with the sharing of logical symbols among computers. Recognizing the dependence of the phasing of symbol arrivals on guesses about signal propagation transports logical synchronization from the engineering of digital communications to a discipline essential to physics. Within this discipline we begin to explore questions invisible under any concept of time that fails to acknowledge unforeseeable events. In particular, variation of spacetime curvature is shown to limit the bit rate of logical communication.
description: 37 pages, 6 figures
X-ray Absorption and Reprocessing in the $z \sim 2.5$ Lensed Quasar 2MASS J1042+1641
Creators: name: Walton, D. J.
name: Reynolds, M. T.
name: Stern, D.
name: Brightman, M.
name: Lemon, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new broadband X-ray observations of the $z \sim 2.5$ lensed quasar 2MASS J1042+1641, combining $XMM$-$Newton$, $Chandra$ and $NuSTAR$ to provide coverage of the X-ray spectrum over the 0.3$-$40 keV bandpass in the observed frame, corresponding to the $\sim$1$-$140 keV band in the rest-frame of 2MASS J1042+1641. The X-ray data show clear evidence for strong (but still Compton-thin) X-ray absorption, $N_{\rm{H}} \sim 3-4 \times 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$, in addition to significant reprocessing by Compton-thick material that must lie away from our line-of-sight to the central X-ray source. We test two different interpretations for the latter: first that the reprocessing occurs in a classic AGN torus, as invoked in unification models, and second that the reprocessing occurs in the accretion disc. Both models can successfully reproduce the observed spectra, and both imply that the source is viewed at moderately low inclinations ($i < 50^{\circ}$) despite the heavy line-of-sight absorption. Combining the X-ray data with infrared data from $WISE$, the results seen from 2MASS J1042+1641 further support the recent suggestion that large X-ray and IR surveys may together be able to identify good lensed quasar candidates in advance of detailed imaging studies.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Antimüllerian Hormone as a Predictor of Natural Fecundability in Women Aged 30–42 Years
Creators: name: Steiner, Anne Z.
name: Meadows, Juliana W.
name: Stanczyk, Frank Z.
name: Kesner, James S.
name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Baird, Donna D.
name: Hoberman, Steven
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: To generate estimates of the association between markers of ovarian aging and natural fertility in a community sample at risk for ovarian aging.
Revealing magnetic field structure at the surfaces of protoplanetary disks via near-infrared circular polarization
Creators: name: de Langen, Ilse
name: Tazaki, Ryo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Magnetic fields play a fundamental role in the dynamical evolution of protoplanetary disks, in particular via magnetically induced disk winds. The magnetic field structure at the disk surface is crucial for driving the disk winds; however, it is still poorly understood observationally. Aims. We explore a new method to probe the magnetic field structure at the disk surface using near-infrared (NIR) circular polarization. Near-infrared circular polarization arises when unpolarized stellar light is scattered by magnetically aligned grains at the disk surface. In this study, we aim to clarify to what extent the observed circular polarization pattern can be used to diagnose the magnetic field structure. Methods. We first calculated light scattering properties of aligned spheroids, and the results were then used to create expected observational images of the degree of circular polarization at a NIR wavelength. Results. Magnetically aligned grains can produce circular polarization, particularly when the field configuration deviates from a purely toroidal field. We find that disk azimuthal dependence of the degree of circular polarization tends to exhibit a double peaked profile when the field structure is favorable for driving disk winds by centrifugal force. We also find that even if the disk is spatially unresolved, a net circular polarization can possibly be nonzero. We also show that the amplitude of circular polarization is strongly dependent on grain composition and axis ratio. Conclusions. Our results suggest that circular polarization observations would be useful to study the magnetic field structure and dust properties at the disk surface.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures; Published in A&A
Holographic Holes and Differential Entropy
Creators: name: Headrick, Matthew
name: Myers, Robert C.
name: Wien, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been shown by Balasubramanian et al. and Myers et al. that the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy formula evaluated on certain closed surfaces in the bulk of a holographic spacetime has an interpretation as the differential entropy of a particular family of intervals (or strips) in the boundary theory. We first extend this construction to bulk surfaces which vary in time. We then give a general proof of the equality between the gravitational entropy and the differential entropy. This proof applies to a broad class of holographic backgrounds possessing a generalized planar symmetry and to certain classes of higher-curvature theories of gravity. To apply this theorem, one can begin with a bulk surface and determine the appropriate family of boundary intervals by considering extremal surfaces tangent to the given surface in the bulk. Alternatively, one can begin with a family of boundary intervals; as we show, the differential entropy then equals the gravitational entropy of a bulk surface that emerges from the intersection of the neighboring entanglement wedges, in a continuum limit.
description: 62 pages; v2: minor improvements to presentation, references added