cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exact dynamics of finite Glauber-Fock photonic lattices
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Lara, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of Glauber-Fock lattice of size N is given through exact diagonalization of the corresponding Hamiltonian; the spectra $\{λ_{k}\}$ is given as the roots of the $N$-th Hermite polynomial, $H_{N}(λ_k/\sqrt{2})=0$, and the eigenstates are given in terms of Hermite polynomials evaluated at these roots. The exact dynamics is used to study coherent phenomena in discrete lattices. Due to the symmetry and spacing of the eigenvalues $\{λ_{k}\}$, oscillatory behavior with highly localized spectra, that is, near complete revivals of the photon number and partial recovery of the initial state at given waveguides, is predicted.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures
title: David Nathaniel von Siltmann
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: David Nathaniel von Siltmann as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Determinants of Divergent Adaptive Immune Responses after Airway Sensitization with Ligands of Toll-Like Receptor 5 or Toll-Like Receptor 9
Creators: name: Lee, Linda M.
name: Ji, Ming
name: Sinha, Meenal
name: Dong, Matthew B.
name: Ren, Xin
name: Wang, Yanli
name: Lowell, Clifford A.
name: Ghosh, Sankar
name: Locksley, Richard M.
name: DeFranco, Anthony L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Immunopathology
subject: Immune response
subject: Ligands
subject: Cytokines--Immunology
subject: Inflammation--Immunological aspects
subject: T cells
subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Excessive type 2 helper T cell responses to environmental antigens can cause immunopathology such as asthma and allergy, but how such immune responses are induced remains unclear. We studied this process in the airways by immunizing mice intranasally with the antigen ovalbumin together with either of two Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. We found the TLR5 ligand flagellin promoted a type 2 helper T cell response, whereas, a TLR9 ligand CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) promoted a type 1 helper T cell response. CpG ODN induced mRNA encoding interleukin (IL)-12 p40, whereas, flagellin caused IL-33 secretion and induced mRNAs encoding IL-1 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). By using mice deficient in the TLR and IL-1R signaling molecule, myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88), in conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and alveolar macrophages (AMs), and by cell sorting different lung populations after 2 hours of in vivo stimulation, we characterized the cell types that rapidly produced inflammatory cytokines in response to TLR stimulation. CpG ODN was likely recognized by TLR9 on cDCs and AMs, which made mRNA encoding IL-12. IL-12 was necessary for the subsequent innate and adaptive interferon-γ production. In contrast, flagellin stimulated multiple cells of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin, including AMs, DCs, monocytes, and lung epithelial cells. AMs were largely responsible for IL-1α, whereas lung epithelial cells made TSLP. Multiple hematopoietic cells, including AMs, DCs, and monocytes contributed to other cytokines, including IL-1β and TNFα. MyD88-dependent signals, likely through IL-1R and IL-33R, and MyD88-independent signals, likely from TSLP, were necessary in cDCs for promotion of the early IL-4 response by CD4 T cells in the draining lymph node. Thus, the cell types that responded to TLR ligands were a critical determinant of the innate cytokines produced and the character of the resulting adaptive immune response in the airways.
Dark energy from instantons
Creators: name: Marochnik, Leonid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in imaginary time quantum metric fluctuations of empty space form a self-consistent de Sitter gravitational instanton that can be thought of as describing tunneling from "nothing" into de Sitter space of real time (no cosmological constant or scalar fields are needed). For the first time, this mechanism is activated to give birth to a flat inflationary Universe. For the second time, it is turned on to complete the cosmological evolution after the energy density of matter drops below the threshold (the energy density of instantons). A cosmological expansion with dark energy takes over after the scale factor exceeds this threshold, which marks the birth of dark energy at a redshift $1+z\approx 1.3$ and provides a possible solution to the "coincidence problem". The number of gravitons which tunneled into the Universe must be of the order of $10^{122}$ to create the observed value of the Hubble constant. This number has nothing to do with vacuum energy, which is a possible solution to the "old cosmological constant problem". The emptying Universe should possibly complete its evolution by tunneling back to "nothing". After that, the entire scenario is repeated, and it can happen endlessly.
description: 11 two-column pages, 1 figure, V2 is updated pre-publication version. The title is changed. Section 4 (Birth of Dark Energy) is extended. Misprints are fixed
Mapping Polyclonal HIV-1 Antibody Responses via Next-Generation Neutralization Fingerprinting
Creators: name: Doria-Rose, Nicole A.
name: Altae-Tran, Han R.
name: Roark, Ryan S.
name: Schmidt, Stephen D.
name: Sutton, Matthew S.
name: Louder, Mark K.
name: Chuang, Gwo-Yu
name: Bailer, Robert T.
name: Cortez, Valerie
name: Kong, Rui
name: McKee, Krisha
name: Wang, Felicia
name: O’Dell, Sijy
name: Karim, Salim Abdool
name: M. Binley, James
name: Connors, Mark
name: Haynes, Barton F.
name: Martin, Malcolm A.
name: C. Montefiori, David
name: Morris, Lynn
name: Overbaugh, Julie
name: Kwong, Peter D.
name: Mascola, John R.
name: Georgiev, Ivelin S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Antigenic determinants
Medical technology--Evaluation
HIV infections
Biochemistry

description: Computational neutralization fingerprinting, NFP, is an efficient and accurate method for predicting the epitope specificities of polyclonal antibody responses to HIV-1 infection. Here, we present next-generation NFP algorithms that substantially improve prediction accuracy for individual donors and enable serologic analysis for entire cohorts. Specifically, we developed algorithms for: (a) selection of optimized virus neutralization panels for NFP analysis, (b) estimation of NFP prediction confidence for each serum sample, and (c) identification of sera with potentially novel epitope specificities. At the individual donor level, the next-generation NFP algorithms particularly improved the ability to detect multiple epitope specificities in a sample, as confirmed both for computationally simulated polyclonal sera and for samples from HIV-infected donors. Specifically, the next-generation NFP algorithms detected multiple specificities in twice as many samples of simulated sera. Further, unlike the first-generation NFP, the new algorithms were able to detect both of the previously confirmed antibody specificities, VRC01-like and PG9-like, in donor CHAVI 0219. At the cohort level, analysis of ~150 broadly neutralizing HIV-infected donor samples suggested a potential connection between clade of infection and types of elicited epitope specificities. Most notably, while 10E8-like antibodies were observed in infections from different clades, an enrichment of such antibodies was predicted for clade B samples. Ultimately, such largescale analyses of antibody responses to HIV-1 infection can help guide the design of epitope-specific vaccines that are tailored to take into account the prevalence of infecting clades within a specific geographic region. Overall, the next-generation NFP technology will be an important tool for the analysis of broadly neutralizing polyclonal antibody responses against HIV-1.
Before the curtain falls : Samuel Beckett and E.M. Cioran
Creators: name: Friesen, Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Samuel Beckett and E.M. Cioran are two of the twentieth century’s best-known pessimists. Yet few scholars outside of France are aware of the fact the two were friends for many years before going their separate ways. This thesis examined their friendship so as to clarify their political and philosophical agreements and disagreements. It did so primarily by consulting the two writers’ correspondence and Cioran’s journal entries. This research determined that Beckett and Cioran fell out as friends as a result of political differences that first became apparent in the mid-1970s. (The former became politically active in this decade and lost patience with the latter’s resignation.) The main conclusions drawn from this study were that Beckett was politically progressive despite his pessimism and that Cioran was unable to re-engage with politics following his youthful nationalism.
Amygdala Atrophy and Its Functional Disconnection with the Cortico-Striatal-Pallidal-Thalamic Circuit in Major Depressive Disorder in Females
Creators: name: Yang, Jie
name: Yin, Yingying
name: Svob, Connie
name: Long, Jun
name: He, Xiaofu
name: Zhang, Yuqun
name: Xu, Zhi
name: Dong, Jian
name: Li, Lei
name: Liu, Jie
name: Zhang, Zuping
name: Wang, Zhishun
name: Yuan, Yonggui
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Amygdaloid body
subject: Neural circuitry
subject: Depression, Mental
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is approximately twice as common in females than males. Furthermore, female patients with MDD tend to manifest comorbid anxiety. Few studies have explored the potential anatomical and functional brain changes associated with MDD in females. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the anatomical and functional changes underlying MDD in females, especially within the context of comorbid anxiety.

Methods

In this study, we recruited antidepressant-free females with MDD (N = 35) and healthy female controls (HC; N = 23). The severity of depression and anxiety were evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), respectively. Structural and resting-state functional images were acquired on a Siemens 3.0 Tesla scanner. We compared the structural volumetric differences between patients and HC with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analyses. Seed-based voxel-wise correlative analyses were used to identify abnormal functional connectivity. Regions with structural deficits showed a significant correlation between gray matter (GM) volume and clinical variables that were selected as seeds. Furthermore, voxel-wise functional connectivity analyses were applied to identify the abnormal connectivity relevant to seed in the MDD group.

Results

Decreased GM volume in patients was observed in the insula, putamen, amygdala, lingual gyrus, and cerebellum. The right amygdala was selected as a seed to perform connectivity analyses, since its GM volume exhibited a significant correlation with the clinical anxiety scores. We detected regions with disrupted connectivity relevant to seed primarily within the cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit.

Conclusions

Amygdaloid atrophy, as well as decreased functional connectivity between the amygdala and the cortico-striatal-pallidal-thalamic circuit, appears to play a role in female MDD, especially in relation to comorbid anxiety.
Phonon number measurements using single photon opto-mechanics
Creators: name: Basiri-Esfahani, Sahar
name: Akram, Uzma
name: Milburn, Gerard J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a system composed of two coupled optical cavity modes with a coupling modulated by a bulk mechanical resonator. In addition, one of the cavity modes is irreversibly coupled to a single photon source. Our scheme is an opto-mechanical realisation of the Jaynes-Cummings model where the qubit is a dual rail optical qubit while the bosonic degree of freedom is a matter degree of freedom realised as the bulk mechanical excitation. We show the possibility of engineering phonon number states of the mechanical oscillator in such a system by computing the conditional state of the mechanics after successive photon counting measurements.
Structure and Recognition of a Novel HIV-1 gp120-gp41 Interface Antibody that Caused MPER Exposure through Viral Escape
Creators: name: Wibmer, Constantinos Kurt
name: Gorman, Jason
name: Ozorowski, Gabriel
name: Bhiman, Jinal N.
name: Sheward, Daniel J.
name: Elliott, Debra H.
name: Rouelle, Julie
name: Smira, Ashley
name: Joyce, M. Gordon
name: Ndabambi, Nonkululeko
name: Druz, Aliaksandr
name: Asokan, Mangai
name: Burton, Dennis R.
name: Karim, Salim Abdool
name: Connors, Mark
name: Mascola, John R.
name: Robinson, James E.
name: Ward, Andrew B.
name: Williamson, Carolyn
name: Kwong, Peter D.
name: Morris, Lynn
name: Moore, Penny L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Vaccines--Design
AIDS vaccines
HIV infections
Biochemistry

description: A comprehensive understanding of the regions on HIV-1 envelope trimers targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies may contribute to rational design of an HIV-1 vaccine. We previously identified a participant in the CAPRISA cohort, CAP248, who developed trimerspecific antibodies capable of neutralizing 60% of heterologous viruses at three years postinfection. Here, we report the isolation by B cell culture of monoclonal antibody CAP248-2B, which targets a novel membrane proximal epitope including elements of gp120 and gp41. Despite low maximum inhibition plateaus, often below 50% inhibitory concentrations, the breadth of CAP248-2B significantly correlated with donor plasma. Site-directed mutagenesis, X-ray crystallography, and negative-stain electron microscopy 3D reconstructions revealed how CAP248-2B recognizes a cleavage-dependent epitope that includes the gp120 C terminus. While this epitope is distinct, it overlapped in parts of gp41 with the epitopes of broadly neutralizing antibodies PGT151, VRC34, 35O22, 3BC315, and 10E8. CAP248-2B has a conformationally variable paratope with an unusually long 19 amino acid light chain third complementarity determining region. Two phenylalanines at the loop apex were predicted by docking and mutagenesis data to interact with the viral membrane.Neutralization by CAP248-2B is not dependent on any single glycan proximal to its epitope, and low neutralization plateaus could not be completely explained by N- or O-linked glycosylation pathway inhibitors, furin co-transfection, or pre-incubation with soluble CD4. Viral escape from CAP248-2B involved a cluster of rare mutations in the gp120-gp41 cleavage sites. Simultaneous introduction of these mutations into heterologous viruses abrogated neutralization by CAP248-2B, but enhanced neutralization sensitivity to 35O22, 4E10, and 10E8 by 10-100-fold. Altogether, this study expands the region of the HIV-1 gp120-gp41 quaternary interface that is a target for broadly neutralizing antibodies and identifies a set of mutations in the gp120 C terminus that exposes the membrane-proximal external region of gp41, with potential utility in HIV vaccine design.
A conventional positron source for International Linear Collider
Creators: name: Omori, Tsunehiko
name: Takahashi, Tohru
name: Riemann, Sabine
name: Gai, Wei
name: Gao, Jie
name: Kawada, Shin-ichi
name: Liu, Wanming
name: Okuda, Natsuki
name: Pei, Guoxi
name: Urakawa, Junji
name: Ushakov, Andriy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible solution to realize a conventional positron source driven by a several-GeV electron beam for the International Linear Collider is proposed. A 300 Hz electron linac is employed to create positrons with stretching pulse length in order to cure target thermal load. ILC requires about 2600 bunches in a train which pulse length is 1 ms. Each pulse of the 300 Hz linac creates about 130 bunches, then 2600 bunches are created in 63 ms. Optimized parameters such as drive beam energy, beam size, and target thickness, are discussed assuming a L-band capture system to maximize the capture efficiency and to mitigate the target thermal load. A slow rotating tungsten disk is employed as positron generation target.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Design and in silico validation of a human body on a chip for toxicity assessment of drugs to prevent graft-versus-host disease
Creators: name: Lira, Mario M.
name: Casado, Fanny L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: organ-on-a-chip
human-on-a-chip
microfluidics
COMSOL
in-silico
micromixer
body-on-a-chip

description: The 4 files represent the parts of the first version of our human-on-a-chip, in this sense, the mixer mixes the solutions that will be introduced into the other three chips: for heart, liver and kidney tissue. Likewise, these three chips have spheroids of 500 um in diameter in the cell seeding sites, representing the cells of each of the tissues that are planned to be seeded. It should be noted that two simulations were made to observe the operation of the mixer, a stationary simulation, to observe how many mixing units were necessary for a complete mixing, and a time-dependent simulation, to observe how long it takes for the complete mixing of the solution. last of 240 s. The dependent time simulation has not been uploaded because the file is too large; however, it is easy, in COMSOL, to carry out this simulation when the stationary file is available.
Analysis of HIV Diversity in HIV-Infected Black Men Who Have Sex with Men (HPTN 061)
Creators: name: Chen, Iris
name: Chau, Gordon
name: Wang, Jing
name: Wang, Jing
name: Clarke, William
name: Marzinke, Mark A.
name: Cummings, Vanessa
name: Breaud, Autumn
name: Laeyendecker, Oliver
name: Fields, Sheldon D.
name: Griffith, Sam
name: Scott, Hyman M.
name: Shoptaw, Steven
name: Del Rio, Carlos
name: Magnus, Manya
name: Mannheimer, Sharon B.
name: Tieu, Hong-Van
name: Wheeler, Darrell P.
name: Mayer, Kenneth H.
name: Koblin, Beryl A.
name: Eshleman, Susan H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: HIV-positive men
HIV-positive gay men
Gay men, Black
Antiretroviral agents
Drug resistance
HIV infections
Medicine

description: Background: HIV populations often diversify in response to selective pressures, such as the immune response and antiretroviral drug use. We analyzed HIV diversity in Black men who have sex with men who were enrolled in the HIV Prevention Trials Network 061 study.

Methods: A high resolution melting (HRM) diversity assay was used to measure diversity in six regions of the HIV genome: two in gag, one in pol, and three in env. HIV diversity was analyzed for 146 men who were HIV infected at study enrollment, including three with acute infection and 13 with recent infection (identified using a multi-assay algorithm), and for 21 men who seroconverted during the study. HIV diversification was analyzed in a paired analysis for 62 HIV-infected men using plasma samples from the enrollment and 12-month (end of study) visits.

Results: Men with acute or recent infection at enrollment and seroconverters had lower median HRM scores (lower HIV diversity) than men with non-recent infection in all six regions analyzed. In univariate analyses, younger age, higher CD4 cell count, and HIV drug resistance were associated with lower median HRM scores in multiple regions; ARV drug detection was marginally associated with lower diversity in the pol region. In multivariate analysis, acute or recent infection (all six regions) and HIV drug resistance (both gag regions) were associated with lower median HRM scores. Diversification in the pol region over 12 months was greater for men with acute or recent infection, higher CD4 cell count, and lower HIV viral load at study enrollment.

Conclusions: HIV diversity was significantly associated with duration of HIV infection, and lower gag diversity was observed in men who had HIV drug resistance. HIV pol diversification was more pronounced in men with acute or recent infection, higher CD4 cell count, and lower HIV viral load.
Epigenetic Alterations Affecting Transcription Factors and Signaling Pathways in Stromal Cells of Endometriosis
Creators: name: Yotova, Iveta
name: Hsu, Emily
name: Do, Catherine
name: Gaba, Aulona
name: Sczabolcs, Matthias
name: Dekan, Sabine
name: Kenner, Lukas
name: Wenzl, Rene
name: Tycko, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medical genetics
Methylation
Endometriosis
Genomics

description: Endometriosis is characterized by growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterine cavity. Since its pathogenesis may involve epigenetic changes, we used Illumina 450K Methylation Beadchips to profile CpG methylation in endometriosis stromal cells compared to stromal cells from normal endometrium. We validated and extended the Beadchip data using bisulfite sequencing (bis-seq), and analyzed differential methylation (DM) at the CpGlevel and by an element-level classification for groups of CpGs in chromatin domains. Genes found to have DM included examples encoding transporters (SLC22A23), signaling components (BDNF, DAPK1, ROR1, and WNT5A) and transcription factors (GATA family, HAND2, HOXA cluster, NR5A1, OSR2, TBX3). Intriguingly, among the TF genes with DM we also found JAZF1, a proto-oncogene affected by chromosomal translocations in endometrial stromal tumors. Using RNA-Seq we identified a subset of the DM genes showing differential expression (DE), with the likelihood of DE increasing with the extent of the DM and its location in enhancer elements. Supporting functional relevance, treatment of stromal cells with the hypomethylating drug 5aza-dC led to activation of DAPK1 and SLC22A23 and repression of HAND2, JAZF1, OSR2, and ROR1 mRNA expression. We found that global 5hmC is decreased in endometriotic versus normal epithelial but not stroma cells, and for JAZF1 and BDNF examined by oxidative bis-seq, found that when 5hmC is detected, patterns of 5hmC paralleled those of 5mC. Together with prior studies, these results define a consistent epigenetic signature in endometriosis stromal cells and nominate specific transcriptional and signaling pathways as therapeutic targets.
Lessons from the Negotiations of the United Nations Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations and Related Instruments
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Investments, Foreign--Law and legislation
subject: Investments--Law and legislation
subject: International business enterprises
subject: Investments, Foreign
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: While not involved in the United Nations Code negotiations themselves, Professor Sornarajah did write about the Restrictive Business Practices Set. Moreover, although the United Nations Code negotiations came to naught, they crystallized the basic configuration of interests of the principal stakeholders and the key issues associated with them. They also laid bare a number of the obstacles that governments seeking a multilateral investment instrument need to overcome. Many of these are still with us today and await an international solution. This chapter distills the lessons learned from these negotiations. The experience of these negotiations and the lessons learned from them are of immediate relevance to the current international investment negotiations.
Testing modified gravity models with recent cosmological observations
Creators: name: Zhang, Wen-Shuai
name: Cheng, Cheng
name: Huang, Qing-Guo
name: Li, Miao
name: Li, Song
name: Li, Xiao-Dong
name: Wang, Shuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the cosmological implications of five modified gravity (MG) models by using the recent cosmological observational data, including the recently released SNLS3 type Ia supernovae sample, the cosmic microwave background anisotropy data from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 7-yr observations, the baryon acoustic oscillation results from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey data release 7, and the latest Hubble constant measurement utilizing the Wide Field Camera 3 on the Hubble Space Telescope. The MG models considered include the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati(DGP) model, two $f(R)$ models, and two $f(T)$ models. We find that compared with the $Λ$CDM model, MG models can not lead to a appreciable reduction of the $χ^2_{min}$. The analysis of AIC and BIC shows that the simplest cosmological constant model($Λ$CDM) is still most preferred by the current data, and the DGP model is strongly disfavored. In addition, from the observational constraints, we also reconstruct the evolutions of the growth factor in these models. We find that the current available growth factor data are not enough to distinguish these MG models from the $Λ$CDM model.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Supplementary document for Flat Visible Spectrum by Genetic Algorithm Optimized Photonic Crystal Fiber in GHz Comb Spacing - 6332305.pdf
Creators: name: Yang, Ruoao
name: Ma, Yifan
name: Zhao, Minghe
name: Han, Wei
name: Li, Qian
name: Chen, Zhangyuan
name: Wang, Aimin
name: Yamashita, Shinji
name: Zhang, Zhigang
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: algorithm description
Dynamic water footprint assessment (WFA) of manufacturing industry by using cyber-physical systems (CPS)
Creators: name: Cui, Xinyue
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2022
Subjects: classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 400899
subject: Electrical engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 401499
subject: Manufacturing engineering not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis reports research that helps manufacturing industry reduce its impact on local water resources and maintain a sustainable Water Footprint (WF) through the use of real-time sensing technologies and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The key to improvement is to enable industry to be aware of its production activities’ impacts on the local water resources, which implies the necessity of an evaluation methodology. The methodology, Water Footprint Assessment (WFA), developed by the Water Footprint Network (WFN), was selected for quantifying the impact of industrial water use in this research. Several gaps in published WFA studies were identified: 1) studies rarely focus on operational WF and grey WF; 2) cumbersome data collection and lack of dynamic monitoring and evaluation cause a considerable lag between WFA and response; 3) there is a lack of a communication network supporting dynamic WFA. As a solution for these gaps, the development of automated dynamic WFA was proposed and implemented as a CPS. Few reports were found in the literature on applying CPS to monitor industrial wastewater quantity & quality. Consequently, a CPS architecture was designed in this research, using smart sensors to collect the required water and wastewater data.To support the CPS for wastewater quality data collection, a technique for real-time inline measurement of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) was developed. COD is the typical critical pollutant in most manufacturing industries, especially food and beverage. The tool development was based on wastewater samples from a selected beverage plant and employed UV-VIS spectroscopy and Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression with variable selection tools, including Interval PLS (iPLS), Synergy Interval PLS (siPLS) and Moving Window PLS (mwPLS). Finally, the mwPLS model with the most optimised performances was adopted. A subsequent method-comparison study based on the Bland-Altman Plot (B-A Plot) was conducted to establish the capability of the developed tool when used for the dynamic calculation of WF. The results implied that this technique is suitable for both short-term (minutes to hours) and long-term (weeks to months) WF management. Two scenario studies in the WITNESS simulation software, based on one production line of the selected beverage plant, indicated significant benefits are possible for short-term and long-term WF management with the proposed CPS system.
On the possibility of a relativistic correction to the E and B fields around a current-carrying wire
Creators: name: Folman, Ron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that electric and magnetic fields may change when they are observed from different frames of reference. For example, the motion of a charged probe particle moving parallel to a current-carrying wire would be described by utilizing different electric or magnetic fields, depending on from which frame of reference the system is observed and described. To describe the situation in all frames by utilizing the theory of relativity, one has to first describe the situation in one particular frame, and this choice in the case of a current-carrying wire is the topic of this paper. In this study I examine an alternative to the standard choice, and consider its theoretical and experimental validity. An outcome of the alternative approach is that in the rest frame of a wire, running a current introduces also an electric field by giving rise to a minute charge. Present day experimental sensitivities, specifically those of cold ions, may be able to differentiate between the observable signatures predicted by the different approaches.
NAVOIY SHE'RIYATI BADIIYATIDA ISTIG'NO VA VAHDAT TUSHUNCHALARINING KO'RINISHI
Creators: name: Kamolova, Majnuniso
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada Mutafakkir Alisher Navoiy she’riyati durdonalarida uchrashi mumkin bo‘lgan ayrim tasavvufiy tushunchalar, ya’ni istig‘no, tavhid, vahdat kabilarning o‘rni va ayrim misralar misolida qanday ko‘rinishda kelishi ilmiy yondashuv asosida ochib berilgan.
China moves the G20 toward an international investment framework and investment facilitation
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Investments, Foreign--Law and legislation
subject: Investments--Law and legislation
subject: International business enterprises
subject: Investments, Foreign
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: China is increasingly concerned with protecting its outward foreign direct investment, facilitating the operations of its firms abroad and creating a strong international investment law and policy regime. After briefly reviewing the emergence of China as an outward investor and some policy issues associated with this rise, this chapter reviews a few issues central to the future of the international investment law and policy regime. It then comments on several outcomes that were achieved—or initiated under--China’s G20 leadership: non-binding “Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policymaking” that could eventually form the basis of a universal framework on international investment; the Importance of investment facilitation, leading perhaps to an international support program for sustainable investment facilitation, beginning possibly with “Guiding Principles for Global Investment Facilitation”; and the creation of an additional intergovernmental platform that allows for a continued systematic intergovernmental process to discuss the range of issues related to the governance of international investment, preferably paralleled by an informal, inclusive and result-oriented consensus-building process that takes place outside intergovernmental settings.
Exact Coleman-de Luccia Instantons
Creators: name: Kanno, Sugumi
name: Soda, Jiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present exact Coleman-de Luccia (CdL) instantons, which describe vacuum decay from Anti de Sitter (AdS) space, de Sitter (dS) space and Minkowski space to AdS space. We systematically obtain these exact solutions by considering deformation of Hawking-Moss (HM) instantons. We analytically calculate decay rates and discuss a subtlety in the interpretation.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, references added, published version
The Races of Poetry: Pursuing Identity in the Epic Poems of Homer, Virgil, Ovid, and Dante
Creators: name: Gray, Erik I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Symbolism
Epic poetry, Greek
Racing
Poetry

description: It is worth inquiring why races form such a frequent poetic trope: what is the significance of this image? In what follows, I begin with a cluster of elegiac examples stretching from William Wordsworth to A. E. Housman. Read in light of Sigmund Freud’s theory of the death instinct, these suggest a fundamental connection between racing and poetic form, both of which exhibit a distinctive tendency towards closure that exists in tension with their natural forward impetus. I then turn to the particular case of epic, arguing that the image of the racer that pervades the epic tradition is almost invariably associated with the loss or blurring of individual identity. It seems fair to say that identity – whether in the sense of personal glory (kleos) sought by Achilles and the other heroes of the Iliad; or in the sense of family identity sought by Odysseus and Telemachus; or in the sense of national identity sought by Aeneas and his Trojans – forms the chief object of most epic endeavor. At the same time most epics tend to challenge or question the notion of identity and the possibility of drawing distinctions between different peoples (or even, in the case of the Metamorphoses, different species). The racing motif is therefore central to the meaning of epic, just as it serves, at a broader level, as one of the representative tropes of all of poetry.
A systems biology approach for identifying markers of chemotherapy response
Creators: name: Wang, Kendric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: High-throughput gene expression data has been widely used to identify biomarkers for the classification of clinical outcome in cancer studies. In breast cancer, conventional methods have successfully identified molecular markers predictive of disease progression; however, predicting response to chemotherapy has proved more challenging and warrants the development of novel approaches. Recently developed systems biology methods that integrate transcriptomic and proteomic data have shown promising results in various classification problems; therefore, we investigated the use of this approach in predicting response to chemotherapy. We developed a novel method, called OptDis, which integrates gene expression data with protein-protein interaction networks to efficiently identify subnetwork markers with optimal discrimination between different clinical outcome groups. Application of our method to a public dataset demonstrated three key advantages of using OptDis over previous methods for predicting drug response in breast cancer patients treated with combination chemotherapy. First, subnetwork markers derived from our method provides better classification performance compared with subnetwork and gene marker from existing methods. Second, OptDis subnetwork markers are more reproducible across independent cohorts compared to gene markers and may consequently be more robust against noise and variations in expression data. Third, OptDis subnetwork markers provide insights into mechanisms underlying tumour response to chemotherapy that are missed by conventional methods. Additional analyses using OptDis showed that the use of prior knowledge from PPI interactions improves marker discovery and subsequent classification performance. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the advantages of applying an integrative network-based approach to the prediction of individual’s response to cancer treatment. Markers identified using our method not only improve the classification of outcome, but it also provide novel understandings into the mechanism of drug action. With sufficient validation, this strategy may identify promising clinical markers that can facilitate the effective individualised treatment of cancer patients.
title: Guido (Luigi Guido) Grandi O.S.B.
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Guido (Luigi Guido) Grandi O.S.B. as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Search for first generation scalar leptoquarks in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a search for first generation scalar leptoquarks using 1.03 fb^-1 of proton-proton collisions data produced by the Large Hadron Collider at sqrt(s)=7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS experiment. Leptoquarks are sought via their decay into an electron or neutrino and a quark, producing events with two oppositely charged electrons and at least two jets, or events with an electron, missing transverse momentum and at least two jets. Control data samples are used to validate background predictions from Monte Carlo simulation. In the signal region, the observed event yields are consistent with the background expectations. We exclude at 95% confidence level the production of first generation scalar leptoquark with masses m_LQ < 660 (607) GeV when assuming the branching fraction of a leptoquark to a charged lepton is equal to 1.0 (0.5).
description: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 5 figures, 1 table, corrected author list
Towards transversality of singular varieties: splayed divisors
Creators: name: Faber, Eleonore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32S25, 32S10, 13D40

description: We study a natural generalization of transversally intersecting smooth hypersurfaces in a complex manifold: hypersurfaces, whose components intersect in a transversal way but may be themselves singular. Such hypersurfaces will be called splayed divisors. A splayed divisor is characterized by a property of its Jacobian ideal. This yields an effective test for splayedness. Two further characterizations of a splayed divisor are shown, one reflecting the geometry of the intersection of its components, the other one using K. Saito's logarithmic derivations. As an application we prove that a union of smooth hypersurfaces has normal crossings if and only if it is a free divisor and has a radical Jacobian ideal. Further it is shown that the Hilbert-Samuel polynomials of splayed divisors satisfy a certain additivity property.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor revision: inaccuracies corrected and references updated; v3: final version, to appear in Publ. RIMS
title: Christian Gottlieb Grau
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Christian Gottlieb Grau as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Weak correlation effects in the Ising model on triangular-tiled hyperbolic lattices
Creators: name: Gendiar, Andrej
name: Krcmar, Roman
name: Andergassen, Sabine
name: Daniska, Michal
name: Nishino, Tomotoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ising model is studied on a series of hyperbolic two-dimensional lattices which are formed by tessellation of triangles on negatively curved surfaces. In order to treat the hyperbolic lattices, we propose a generalization of the corner transfer matrix renormalization group method using a recursive construction of asymmetric transfer matrices. Studying the phase transition, the mean-field universality is captured by means of a precise analysis of thermodynamic functions. The correlation functions and the density matrix spectra always decay exponentially even at the transition point, whereas power law behavior characterizes criticality on the Euclidean flat geometry. We confirm the absence of a finite correlation length in the limit of infinite negative Gaussian curvature.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
China: Inward and Outward Foreign Direct Investment
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Law and economics
subject: Investments, Foreign--Law and legislation
subject: Developing countries
subject: Investments--Law and legislation
subject: International business enterprises
subject: Foreign trade regulation
subject: Investments, Foreign
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: China has become a major player in the world foreign direct investment market. After emerging, during the 1980s, from its isolation and beginning its integration into the world economy, China rapidly became a major host country for foreign direct investment (FDI). This article provides a brief review of China’s inward and outward direct investment, as well as its policy context and challenges that China is facing.
title: Christoph Joachim Nicolai von Greiffencrantz
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Christoph Joachim Nicolai von Greiffencrantz as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Effective tight-binding model for the iron vacancy ordered A$_{y}$Fe$%_{1.6}$Se$_{2}$
Creators: name: Huang, Shin-Ming
name: Mou, Chung-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the electronic structure of the ternary iron selenide K$_{y}$% Fe$_{1.6}$Se$_{2}$ by considering the spatial symmetry of the $\sqrt{5}% \times \sqrt{5}$ vacancy ordered structure. Based on three orbitals of $% t_{2g}$, which are believed to play major physics in iron-based superconductors, an effective two-dimensional tight binding Hamiltonian is constructed with the vacancy ordered structure being explicitly included. It is shown that the constructed band model, when combined with generalized Hubbard interactions, yields a spin susceptibility which exhibits both the block-checkerboard antiferromagnetism instability and the stripe antiferromagnetism instability. In particular, for large Hund's rule couplings, the block-checkerboard antiferromagnetism wins over the stripe antiferromagnetism, in agreement with the observation in experiments. We argue that such a model with correct symmetry and Fermi surface structures should be the starting point to model K$_{y}$Fe$_{1.6}$Se$_{2}$. The spin fluctuations at $\mathbf{q}$=($π,π$) suggest that interblock fluctuations of spins might play an important role in the mechanism of superconductivity occurring in this system.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
The Negotiations of the United Nations Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations: Experience and Lessons Learned
Creators: name: Sauvant, Karl P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Law and economics
subject: Investments, Foreign--Law and legislation
subject: Developing countries
subject: Investments--Law and legislation
subject: International business enterprises
subject: Foreign trade regulation
subject: Investments, Foreign
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Economics

description: Many of the issues that are today part of the discussions surrounding international investment agreements were first dealt with when governments sought to negotiate a United Nations Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations (and various related instruments) almost 40 years ago. The Code was meant to establish a multilateral framework to define, in a balanced manner, the rights and responsibilities of transnational corporations and host country governments in their relations with each other. This article looks at the origins of these negotiations, the underlying interest situations of the participating country groups, the experience of related negotiations, the actual negotiations of the Code, the reasons for the failure of the negotiations, the current situation, and factors driving change. The article concludes with lessons learned from the Code and related negotiations. These lessons may be of interest to current efforts to improve the international investment law and policy regime. What rules should govern the behavior of transnational corporations (TNCs) in the countries in which they are established, and what rules should govern the treatment of these firms by the governments of host countries? This challenge has been on the international agenda since the end of World War II. However, it was only in the late 1970s that negotiators began to formulate a comprehensive multilateral instrument, the United Nations Code of Conduct on Transnational Corporations, to tackle this challenge. In parallel to these negotiations (and subsequent to them), negotiations were also undertaken on specific aspects of the activities of TNCs, the principal private actors in international economic relations and important forces in individual economies. Although the Code negotiations – serviced by the United Nations Centre on Transnational Corporations (UNCTC) – came to naught, they crystallized the basic interest situations of the principal stakeholders and key issues associated with them, and they laid bare a number of the obstacles that governments seeking a multilateral investment instrument need to overcome. Many of these are still with us today and await an international solution.