cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Multi-dimensional structure of accreting young stars
Creators: name: Geroux, C.
name: Baraffe, I.
name: Viallet, M.
name: Goffrey, T.
name: Pratt, J.
name: Constantino, T.
name: Folini, D.
name: Popov, M. V.
name: Walder, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work is the first attempt to describe the multi-dimensional structure of accreting young stars based on fully compressible time implicit multi-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations. One major motivation is to analyse the validity of accretion treatment used in previous 1D stellar evolution studies. We analyse the effect of accretion on the structure of a realistic stellar model of the young Sun. Our work is inspired by the numerical work of Kley \& Lin (1996, ApJ, 461, 933) devoted to the structure of the boundary layer in accretion disks. We analyse the redistribution of accreted material with a range of values of specific entropy relative to the bulk specific entropy of the material in the accreting object's convective envelope. A primary goal is to understand whether and how accreted energy deposited onto a stellar surface is redistributed in the interior. This study focusses on the high accretion rates characteristic of FU Ori systems. We find that the highest entropy cases produce a distinctive behaviour in the mass redistribution, rms velocities, and enthalpy flux in the convective envelope. This change in behaviour is characterised by the formation of a hot layer on the surface of the accreting object, which tends to suppress convection in the envelope. We analyse the long-term effect of such a hot buffer zone on the structure and evolution of the accreting object with 1D stellar evolution calculations. We study the relevance of the assumption of redistribution of accreted energy into the stellar interior used in the literature. One conclusion is that, for a given amount of accreted energy transferred to the accreting object, a treatment assuming accretion energy redistribution throughout the stellar interior could significantly overestimate the effects on the stellar structure, in particular, on the resulting expansion.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Amenability and paradoxical decompositions for pseudogroups and for discrete metric spaces
Creators: name: Ceccherini-Silberstein, Tullio
name: Grigorchuk, Rostislav I.
name: de la Harpe, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A07, 22F05, 54E40, 05C63

description: This is an expostion of various aspects of amenability and paradoxical decompositions for groups, group actions and metric spaces. First, we review the formalism of pseudogroups, which is well adapted to stating the alternative of Tarski, according to which a pseudogroup without invariant mean gives rise to paradoxical decompositions, and to defining a Følner condition. Using a Hall-Rado Theorem on matchings in graphs, we show then for pseudogroups that existence of an invariant mean is equivalent to the Følner condition; in the case of the pseudogroup of bounded perturbations of the identity on a locally finite metric space, these conditions are moreover equivalent to the negation of the Gromov's so-called doubling condition, to isoperimetric conditions, to Kesten's spectral condition for related simple random walks, and to various other conditions. We define also the minimal Tarski number of paradoxical decompositions associated to a non-amenable group action (an integer $\ge 4$), and we indicate numerical estimates (Sections II.4 and IV.2). The final chapter explores for metric spaces the notion of supramenability, due for groups to Rosenblatt.
description: This post on arXiv is the published version with the following changes: (i) the caution following Definition 28, (ii) the addition of a missing hypothesis in Proposition 38, (iii) the updating of some references, and (iv) the correction of a few minor typos. Moreover, we have collected comments on several items in a new Chapter VI, after the first list of references
Isometric embedding of $\ell_1$ into Lipschitz-free spaces and $\ell_\infty$ into their duals
Creators: name: Cúth, Marek
name: Johanis, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B03, 54E35

description: We show that the dual of every infinite-dimensional Lipschitz-free Banach space contains an isometric copy of $\ell_\infty$ and that it is often the case that a Lipschitz-free Banach space contains a $1$-complemented subspace isometric to $\ell_1$. Even though we do not know whether the latter is true for every infinite-dimensional Lipschitz-free Banach space, we show that the space is never rotund. Further, in the last section we survey the relations between "isometric embedding of~$\ell_\infty$ into the dual" and "containing as good copy of~$\ell_1$ as possible" in a general Banach space.
Rhinopoma hardwickei Gray 1831
Creators: name: Koopman, Karl F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinopomatidae
Rhinopoma
Rhinopoma hardwickei

description: Rhinopoma hardwickei Gray, 1831. Zool. Mise., 1:37. TYPE LOCALITY: India. DISTRIBUTION: Burma to Morocco, south to Mauritania, Nigeria, and Kenya; Socotra Isl (Yemen). SYNONYMS: arabium, cystops, macinnesi. COMMENTS: See Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986, Mammalian Species, 263).
description: Published as part of Karl F. Koopman, 1993, Order Chiroptera, pp. 137-241 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 155, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353060
description: {"references": ["Qumsiyeh, M. B., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1986. Rhinopoma hardwickii and Rhinopoma muscatellum. Mammalian Species, 263: 1 - 5."]}
Modeling the Performance of Product-Integrated Photovoltaic (PIPV) Cells Indoors
Creators: name: Apostolou, G.
name: Verwaal, M.
name: Reinders, A.H.M.E.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV APPLICATIONS
PV Applications without a Centralised Grid

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3535-3540
description: In this paper we present a model, which have been developed for the estimation of the PV products’
cells’ performance in an indoor environment. The model computes the efficiency and power production of PV
technologies, as a function of distance from natural and artificial light sources. It intents to support designers during
the energy stability calculations, while creating PV-integrated products for indoor use. For the model’s validation, we
tested indoors the PV cells of 10 commercially available PV-powered products in the power range of 0.8mWp to
4mWp, under three types of artificial illumination (halogen, fluorescent, LED lights) and natural light. Due to the
model’s purpose to support the design process, its accuracy is not required to be high. Besides, given the difficulty to
precisely measure low irradiance (< 20 W/m²) up to this point, it is unmanageable to succeed precise results. The
measurements’ analysis revealed that the model could sufficiently predict PV products’ cells’ performance under
CFL, LED illumination and mixed indoor light with a typical error around 25%. Measurements showed that under
typical mixed indoor irradiance of up to 20 W/m², a-Si cells’ efficiency ranges between 5-6%, c-Si cells’ between 5-
7% and mc-Si cells’ between 4-6%.
Scaling laws and flow structures of double diffusive convection in the finger regime
Creators: name: Yang, Yantao
name: Verzicco, Roberto
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct numerical simulations are conducted for double diffusive convection (DDC) bounded by two parallel plates, with fluid properties similar to the values of seawater. The DDC flow is driven by an unstable salinity difference and stabilized at the same time by a temperature difference. For these conditions the flow can be in the finger regime. We develop scaling laws for three key response parameters of the system: The non-dimensional salinity flux $Nu_S$ mainly depends on the salinity Rayleigh number $Ra_S$, which measures the strength of the salinity difference, and exhibits a very weak dependence on the density ratio $Λ$, which is the ratio of the buoyancy forces induced by two scalar differences. The non-dimensional flow velocity $Re$ and the non-dimensional heat flux $Nu_T$ are dependent on both $Ra_S$ and $Λ$. However, the rescaled Reynolds number $ReΛ^{α^{\rm eff}_u}$ and the rescaled convective heat flux $(Nu_T-1)Λ^{α^{\rm eff}_T}$ depend only on $Ra_S$. The two exponents are dependent on the fluid properties and are determined from the numerical results. Moreover, the behaviors of $Nu_S$ and $ReΛ^{α^{\rm eff}_u}$ agree with the predictions of the Grossmann-Lohse theory which was originally developed for the Rayleigh-Bénard flow. The non-dimensional salt-finger width and the thickness of the velocity boundary layers, after being rescaled by $Λ^{α^{\rm eff}_u/2}$, collapse and obey a similar power-law scaling relation with $Ra_S$. When $Ra_S$ is large enough, salt fingers do not extend from one plate to the other and horizontal zonal flows emerge in the bulk region. We then show that the current scaling strategy can be successfully applied to the experimental results of a heat-copper-ion system~(Hage and Tilgner, Phys. Fluids, 22, 076603, 2010).
Diffuse Solar Energy Measurement on Vertical Surfaces: Instrument Design
Creators: name: De Simón-Martín, M.
name: Díez-Mediavilla, M.
name: Alonso-Tristán, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3467-3471
description: This paper is focused in the diffuse solar radiation measurement and estimation on inclined surfaces such as façades. Most commercial devices are not prepared for this purpose. Thus, we present an especially designed device. The proposed system is based on a single multi-lobes shadow ring and allows us measure diffuse radiation with several pyranometers on tilted surfaces –from 60 to 90 degrees from the horizontal plane– and on different azimuth angles –in this first prototype we can measure in the four main cardinal directions: North, South, East and West–. The ring has been designed in order to minimize the covered celestial dome observed by each sensor. Moreover, the complete device needs a very small area to be installed, so it can be easily assembled on a rooftop. The obtained measurements must be later corrected by the geometrical correction factor that takes into account the portion of the sky dome blocked by the shadow ring. The obtained measurements thanks to the described device result useful for estimating solar potential on tilted surfaces –such as building façades– and for improving current anisotropic solar models.
Elliptical-like orbits on a warped spandex fabric: A theoretical/experimental undergraduate research project
Creators: name: Middleton, Chad A.
name: Weller, Dannyl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical and experimental analysis of the elliptical-like orbits of a marble rolling on a warped spandex fabric. We arrive at an expression describing the angular separation between successive apocenters, or equivalently successive pericenters, in both the small and large slope regimes. We find that a minimal angular separation of approximately 197 degrees is predicted for orbits with small radial distances when the surface is void of a central mass. We then show that for small radii and large central masses, when the orbiting marble is deep within the well, the angular separation between successive apocenters transitions to values greater than 360 degrees. We lastly compare these expressions to those describing elliptical-like orbits about a static, spherically symmetric massive object in the presence of a constant vacuum energy, as described by general relativity.
description: To appear in the American Journal of Physics
Characteristics of Partial Discharge Tests of PV Backsheets within Insulating Oil
Creators: name: Schmid, A.
name: Stedler, M.
name: Humpert, C.
name: Althaus, J.
name: Bogdanski, N.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3483-3487
description: To ensure the long-term insulation properties of backsheets of photovoltaic modules under electrical stress partial discharge (PD) tests are performed. The relevant standard IEC 61730 defines the current state of testing. By default the test is performed on single samples of the backsheet inserted in a special electrode configuration in ambient air. Tests in insulating oil instead of air have shown that outer PDs can occur in oil like in air leading to a bubble production and self-reinforcement of the PD activity. As a result the measured extinction voltages are relatively small and the accuracy and significance of the test results are questionable.
Cost-Effective Hydroponic System for Self Sufficient Urban Living
Creators: name: Rojina Khatri
name: Mitchell, Nadira
name: Osuna, Moses
name: Testo, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Self Sufficient
Hydroponic
Urban Living
Arduino

description: Problem: Many local residents of Tucson have expressed their concern about growing their own food locally. However, a lack of space and their determination to live a more self-sufficient lifestyle dictates whether or not they can have their own garden. Thus, residents want a cost-effective system which would grow their food (in limited space) without them worrying about the health of their plants and how they are maintained.
description: {"references": ["Budye, D., Dhanawade, P., Parab, K., Mahesh, P., & Gupte, A. (2018). Automation in Hydroponic System, 03(12), 3.", "Charumathi, S., Kaviya, R. M., Kumariyarasi, J., Manisha, R., & Dhivya, P. (2017). Optimization and Control of Hydroponics Agriculture using IOT, 1(2), 3.", "Murphy, M. T., Zhang, F., Nakamura, Y. K., & Omaye, S. T. (2011). Comparison between Hydroponically and Conventionally and Organically Grown Lettuces for Taste, Odor, Visual Quality and Texture: A Pilot Study. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 02(02), 124\u2013127. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2011.22017", "Nguyen, N. T., McInturf, S. A., & Mendoza-C\u00f3zatl, D. G. (2016). Hydroponics: A Versatile System to Study Nutrient Allocation and Plant Responses to Nutrient Availability and Exposure to Toxic Elements. Journal of Visualized Experiments, (113). https://doi.org/10.3791/54317", "Treftz, C., & Omaye, S. T. (2015). Comparison between Hydroponic- and Soil-Grown Raspberries (Rubus idaeus): Vi-ability and Sensory Traits. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 06(16), 1533\u20131540. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.616158", "Treftz, C., Zhang,  , & Omaye, S. T. (2015). Comparison between Hydroponic and Soil-Grown Strawberries: Sensory Attributes and Correlations with Nutrient Content. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 06(15), 1371\u20131380. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2015.615143 \u2022 \u2022 System's maintenance of plants - ensure that plants are properly nourished Bypassing Arduino's hardware limitations through software adaptations - implement pieces of human logic into code Design"]}
INFERNO: Galactic winds in dwarf galaxies with star-by-star simulations including runaway stars
Creators: name: Andersson, Eric P.
name: Agertz, Oscar
name: Renaud, Florent
name: Teyssier, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation and evolution of galaxies have proved sensitive to the inclusion of stellar feedback, which is therefore crucial to any successful galaxy model. We present INFERNO, a new model for hydrodynamic simulations of galaxies, which incorporates resolved stellar objects with star-by-star calculations of when and where the injection of enriched material, momentum, and energy takes place. INFERNO treats early stellar kinematics to include phenomena such as walkaway and runaway stars. We employ this innovative model on simulations of a dwarf galaxy and demonstrate that our physically motivated stellar feedback model can drive vigorous galactic winds. This is quantified by mass and metal loading factors in the range of $10-100$, and an energy loading factor close to unity. Outflows are established close to the disc, are highly multi-phase, spanning almost $8$ orders of magnitude in temperature, and with a clear dichotomy between mass ejected in cold, slow-moving ($T\lesssim5\times10^4\,{\rm K}$, $v<100\,{\rm km\,s}^{-1}$) gas and energy ejected in hot, fast-moving ($T>10^6\,{\rm K}$, $v>100\,{\rm km\,s}^{-1}$) gas. In contrast to massive disc galaxies, we find a surprisingly weak impact of the early stellar kinematics, with runaway stars having little to no effect on our results, despite exploding in diffuse gas outside the dense star-forming gas, as well as outside the galactic disc entirely. We demonstrate that this weak impact in dwarf galaxies stems from a combination of strong feedback and a porous interstellar medium, which obscure any unique signatures that runaway stars provide.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Rhinopoma microphyllum
Creators: name: Koopman, Karl F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinopomatidae
Rhinopoma
Rhinopoma microphyllum

description: Rhinopoma microphyllum (Brünnich, 1782). Dyrenes Historie, 1:50. TYPE LOCALITY: Egypt, Giza. DISTRIBUTION: Morocco and Senegal to Thailand; Sumatra. SYNONYMS: asirensis, cordofanicum, harrisoni, kinneari, lepsianum, sumatrae, tropicalis.
description: Published as part of Karl F. Koopman, 1993, Order Chiroptera, pp. 137-241 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 155, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353060
Supersymmetric extended string field theory in NS^n sector and NS^{n-1}-R sector
Creators: name: Asano, Masako
name: Kato, Mitsuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a class of quadratic gauge invariant actions for extended string fields defined on the tensor product of open superstring state space for multiple open string Neveu-Schwarz (NS) sectors with or without one Ramond (R) sector. The basic idea is the same as for the bosonic extended string field theory developed by the authors [arXiv:1309.3850]. The theory for NS^n sector and NS^{n-1}-R sector contains general n-th rank tensor fields and (n-1)-th rank spinor-tensor fields in the massless spectrum respectively. In principle, consistent gauge invariant actions for any generic type of 10-dimensional massive or massless tensor or spinor-tensor fields can be extracted from the theory. We discuss some simple examples of bosonic and fermionic massless actions.
description: 25 pages
Quantum walks in two dimensions: controlling directional spreading with entangling coins and tunable disordered step operator
Creators: name: Naves, Caio B.
name: Pires, Marcelo A.
name: Soares-Pinto, Diogo O.
name: Queirós, Sílvio M. Duarte
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a 2-D disordered time-discrete quantum walk based on 1-D `generalized elephant quantum walk' where an entangling coin operator is assumed and which paves the way to a new set of properties. We show that considering a given disorder in one direction, it is possible to control the degree of spreading and entanglement in the other direction. This observation helps assert that the random quantum walks of this ilk serve as a controllable decoherence channel with the degree of randomness being the tunable parameter and highlight the role of dimensionality in quantum systems regarding information and transport.
description: 16 pages, 19 figures
Comparison of Spectral Characterization Measurements on Pulsed Solar Simulators and Impact on the Calibration of a Multijunction Thin Film Module
Creators: name: Galleano, R.
name: Pavanello, D.
name: Pravettoni, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3456-3460
description: The large variety of photovoltaic (PV) technologies today available on the market makes the characterization of the spectral content of the used light sources a key parameter for calibration and energy yield estimation of PV devices. The use of pulsed, artificial light sources is spread worldwide but these solar simulators have the disadvantage of producing light beams with a spectral content rather different from the Air Mass 1.5 global (AM1.5G) standard spectrum, thus requiring a careful correction of the spectral mismatch between actual and standard spectral conditions. The spectral mismatch correction factor (SMM) may be difficult to apply in the PV module calibration process if reference and calibrating devices have different spectral responsivities and/or if the calibrating device is a multi-junction one. This paper describes the comparison results on the spectral measurements of two ESTI's pulsed solar simulators performed by teams from two ISO 17025 accredited PV calibration laboratories. The two fast spectroradiometer systems of the labs, calibrated and traceable to SI units, were used for the purpose. Moreover, the impact these results may have on a multi-junction thin film PV module calibration will be analysed and reported.
title: Fusogenic liposomes: the innovative delivery of compounds into human platelets to reduce animal use in platelet research
Creators: name: Kempster, Carly
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2025

description: Background Platelets lack a nucleus meaning that conventional methods, used to investigate nucleated cells, cannot be applied. As a result, the platelet field has become heavily reliant on genetically modified mouse models to investigate platelet function. Fusogenic liposomes have been used to facilitate the delivery of water-soluble cargo directly into cells. This project investigates, for the first time, if fusogenic liposomes can fuse directly with platelets and if they can be used as a delivery method to release cargo directly into the cytoplasm of platelets. Aims To develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) to automate and standardise platelet spreading analyses throughout this project. To determine if fusogenic liposomes can be used in combination with platelets without impacting on normal platelet function. To identify if cargo, encapsulated in fusogenic liposomes, can be delivered directly into platelets following fusion. Methods A CNN was trained using 120 Differential Interference Contrast microscopy images where model performance was evaluated against an independent test set and five manual annotators. Any impact on normal platelet behaviour, due to fusion by fusogenic liposomes with the platelet membrane, was assessed by measuring P-selectin exposure, phosphatidylserine translocation, platelet spreading, and platelet aggregation. Results A CNN abrogates time consuming and biased manual analyses for both human and mouse platelets. Platelets were efficiently labelled with fluorescently labelled fusogenic liposomes without causing significant impact to normal platelet function, or significant increase to platelet activation. Fusogenic liposomes were able to deliver cargo, such as fluorescently labelled Lifeact peptides and whole antibody cargo directly into platelets. Conclusions A CNN delivers a tool that can be used to standardise platelet spreading assays in the wider platelet field, eliminating differences to scientific conclusions. Fluorescently labelled fusogenic liposomes offer an alternative method to fluorescently label platelets for in vitro and in vivo applications, while, with additional optimisation to cargo encapsulation and delivery efficiency, the delivery of cargo directly into live human platelets offers the potential to investigate intracellular processes in vitro. This opens up the opportunity to interrogate mechanisms which may govern platelet activation, unveil novel drug targets, and reduce the need to use platelets from genetically modified animal models.
Is the Average Photon Energy (APE) a Suitable Measure to Describe the Uniqueness of Solar Spectra?
Creators: name: Hofmann, M.
name: Vanicek, P.
name: Haselhuhn, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3461-3466
description: The average photon energy (APE) is often used to characterize solar spectra. Being a single value, that energetically averages a solar spectrum to a mean value, it is easier to use in scientific research in the field of photovoltaics than a whole array of values for a full spectrum. In this study we analyze the APE in two ways. First, the uniqueness of spectra with equal APE is investigated. We show that for individual spectra the APE is not a suitable measure to describe the uniqueness of solar spectra. In a second analysis we focus on the dependencies of electrical parameters of solar cells on the APE, based on high resolution outdoor measurements of a grid connected PV system. These results are compared with analogous calculations with a spectrally weighed factor (SWF) that takes into account both the whole solar spectrum and the external quantum efficiency of the solar cell. We show that the usage of APE leads to reasonable results for cells of amorphous silicon, but fails for crystalline silicon. The usage of the SWF leads to results of higher quality both for amorphous and crystalline silicon.
Tidal wave in $^{102}$Pd: An extended five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian description
Creators: name: Wang, Y. Y.
name: Shi, Z.
name: Chen, Q. B.
name: Zhang, S. Q.
name: Song, C. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian based on the covariant density functional theory is applied to investigate the observed tidal wave mode in the yrast band of $^{102}$Pd. The energy spectra, the relations between the spin and the rotational frequency, and the ratios of $B(E2)/\mathcal{J}(I)$ in the yrast band are well reproduced by introducing the empirical $ab$ formula for the moments of inertia. This $ab$ formula is related to the fourth order effect of collective momentum in the collective Hamiltonian. It is also shown that the shape evolution in the tidal wave is determined microscopically by the competition between the rotational kinetic energy and the collective potential in the framework of the collective Hamiltonian.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Toroidal resonance: relation to pygmy mode, vortical properties and anomalous deformation splitting
Creators: name: Nesterenko, V. O.
name: Kvasil, J.
name: Repko, A.
name: Kleinig, W.
name: Reinhard, P. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a recent progress in investigation of the isoscalar toroidal dipole resonance (TDR). A possible relation of the TDR and low-energy dipole strength (also called a pygmy resonance) is analyzed. It is shown that the dipole strength in the pygmy region can by understood as a local manifestation of the collective vortical toroidal motion at the nuclear surface. Application of the TDR as a measure of the nuclear dipole vorticity is discussed. Finally, an anomalous splitting of the TDR in deformed nuclei is scrutinized.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to "Physics of Atomic Nuclei"
Calibration of Photovoltaic Module Performance Models Using Monitored System Data
Creators: name: Hansen, C.W.
name: Klise, K.A.
name: Stein, J.S.
name: Ueda, Y.
name: Hakuta, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3472-3476
description: Calibration of a photovoltaic module performance model currently relies on measurements of electrical
output taken with the module outdoors on a two-axis tracker, or indoors using a solar simulator. These measurements
require expensive infrastructure. By contrast, measuring electrical performance for systems outdoors on fixed racking
is substantially cheaper, yet no method currently exists to translate these meaurements to model coefficients. We
present and validate methods to calibrate the Sandia Photovoltaic Array Performance Model and the California
Energy Commission model using data collected outdoors for modules at fixed tilt orientation. A method to
successfully calibrate module performance models without recourse to a two-axis tracker or a solar simulator expands
the ability to rapidly characterize photovoltaic modules in actual operating conditions.
Rieger-type periodicity during solar cycles 14-24: estimation of dynamo magnetic field strength in the solar interior
Creators: name: Gurgenashvili, Eka
name: Zaqarashvili, Teimuraz
name: Kukhianidze, Vasil
name: Oliver, Ramon
name: Ballester, Jose Luis
name: Ramishvili, Giorgi
name: Shergelashvili, Bidzina
name: Hanslmeier, Arnold
name: Poedts, Stefaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar activity undergoes a variation over time scales of several months known as Rieger-type periodicity, which usually occurs near maxima of sunspot cycles. An early analysis showed that the periodicity appears only in some cycles, and is absent in other cycles. But the appearance/absence during different cycles has not been explained. We performed a wavelet analysis of sunspot data from the Greenwich Royal Observatory and the Royal Observatory of Belgium during cycles 14-24. We found that the Rieger-type periods occur in all cycles, but they are cycle-dependent: shorter periods occur during stronger cycles. Our analysis revealed a periodicity of 185-195 days during the weak cycles 14-15 and 24, and a periodicity of 155-165 days during the stronger cycles 16-23. We derived the dispersion relation of the spherical harmonics of the magnetic Rossby waves in the presence of differential rotation and a toroidal magnetic field in the dynamo layer near the base of the convection zone. This showed that the harmonic of fast Rossby waves with m=1 and n=4, where m (n) indicate the toroidal (poloidal) wavenumbers, respectively, perfectly fit with the observed periodicity. The variation of the toroidal field strength from weaker to stronger cycles may lead to the different periods found in those cycles, which explains the observed enigmatic feature of the Rieger-type periodicity. Finally, we used the observed periodicity to estimate the dynamo field strength during cycles 14-24. Our estimations suggest a field strength of 40 kG for the stronger cycles, and 20 kG for the weaker cycles.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, accepted in ApJ
Horizon Quantum Mechanics: a hitchhiker's guide to quantum black holes
Creators: name: Casadio, R.
name: Giugno, A.
name: Micu, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is congruous with the quantum nature of the world to view the space-time geometry as an emergent structure that shows classical features only at some observational level. One can thus conceive the space-time manifold as a purely theoretical arena, where quantum states are defined, with the additional freedom of changing coordinates like any other symmetry. Observables, including positions and distances, should then be described by suitable operators acting on such quantum states. In principle, the top-down (canonical) quantisation of Einstein-Hilbert gravity falls right into this picture, but is notoriously very involved. The complication stems from allowing all the classical canonical variables that appear in the (presumably) fundamental action to become quantum observables acting on the "superspace" of all metrics, regardless of whether they play any role in the description of a specific physical system. On can instead revisit the more humble "minisuperspace" approach and choose the gravitational observables not simply by imposing some symmetry, but motivated by their proven relevance in the (classical) description of a given system. In particular, this review focuses on compact, spherically symmetric, quantum mechanical sources, in order to determine the probability they are black holes rather than regular particles. The gravitational radius is therefore lifted to the status of a quantum mechanical operator acting on the "horizon wave-function", the latter being determined by the quantum state of the source. This formalism is then applied to several sources with a mass around the fundamental scale, which are viewed as natural candidates of quantum black holes.
description: 45 pages, 26 figures. Review paper to appear in IJMPD
Combined Standard for PV Module Design Qualification and Type Approval: New IEC 61215 - Series
Creators: name: Jaeckel, B.
name: Roth, A.
name: Volberg, G.
name: Althaus, J.
name: Kleiss, G.
name: Seidel, P.
name: Beck, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3477-3482
description: The commercial success of photovoltaics (PV) is largely based on the long-term reliability of the PV modules. Current PV modules tend to carry a performance warranty of 25 years. These modules are typically qualified to IEC 61215 or IEC 61646 – design qualification and type approval for terrestrial crystalline Si (c-Si) or thin-film (TF) technologies, respectively. These qualification tests have shown to adequately identify design, material, and process flaws that could lead to premature field failures. Consequently, PV module customers have come to appreciate the criticality of the tests set forth in IEC standards 61215 and 61646. The PV market has come to trust these IEC standards, and as such they represent an essential component of the success of the rapid growth of the PV market.
Since the last revisions of the standards the knowledge of PV failure modes increased dramatically. To retain market trust in the IEC standards, maintenance of the pertinent standards needs to assure compliance with state-of-the-art knowledge and best practices. To be prepared for the upcoming technology developments this new structure allows fast changes to keep the standards up-to date.
Over the past two years Working Group 2 (WG2) of the technical committee for Solar Photovoltaic Energy Systems (TC82) within the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) invested a considerable effort to update and merge the terrestrial PV module design qualification and type approval standards into a single IEC 61215 series. Part 1 addresses the minimum requirements for testing with subparts 1-1 through 1-4 addressing PV technology specific deviations – e.g. stabilization – while Part 2 deals with the required tests protocols and test sequences. In the current committee draft of edition 3 the power output verification has been completely overhauled, new tests have been added, and pass/fail criteria revised.
This paper explains the most crucial changes to edition 3 of IEC 61215 and provides the rationale for the applied changes. There are multiple reasons for the changes, but one significant justification is that the new standard series allows more flexibility and faster responses to changes in any given PV technology.
Desafios nos processos e sistemas de suporte ao novo paradigma de Avaliação da Ciência
Creators: name: Segundo, Washington
name: Dias, Thiago
name: Jorge, Vanessa Arruda
name: Moreira, João Mendes
name: Sobral, Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão "Painel II" da 14ª Conferência Lusófona de Ciência Aberta, Natal Brasil, de 18 a 21 de setembro de 2023.
Proposed Photovoltaic Module Form Factor for Cells with Efficiencies Greater than 19%
Creators: name: Krick, D.
name: Lyell, K.
name: McIntire, F.
name: Stibrich, S.
name: Booker, C.
name: Jackson, J.
name: Whittier, J.
name: Darth, B.
name: Hoffner, J.
name: Campbell, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3488-3492
description: This paper discusses a novel photovoltaic (PV) module form factor designed for high efficiency
(>19%) silicon solar cells and optimized for single-axis tracking projects. Our proposed 56-cell module utilizes a
longer and narrower form factor with fewer cells per circuit to improve reliability and service lifetime when
compared to existing 72 cell modules combined with high efficiency cells. In addition to reliability improvements,
CH2M HILL, an engineering and construction firm, analyzed major PV project lifecycle costs, including module
manufacturability, installation costs, financing costs, and levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Our studies conclude that
the proposed form factor change could potentially reduce LCOE by: (1) reducing total installed costs for utility-scale
projects; (2) improving module reliability; (3) reducing operating and maintenance (O&M) costs.
Vacuum decay in an interacting multiverse
Creators: name: Robles-Pérez, S.
name: Alonso-Serrano, A.
name: Bastos, C.
name: Bertolami, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a new multiverse scenario in which the component universes interact. We focus our attention to the process of "true" vacuum nucleation in the false vacuum within one single element of the multiverse. It is shown that the interactions lead to a collective behaviour that might lead, under specific conditions, to a pre-inflationary phase and ensued distinguishable imprints in the comic microwave background radiation.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
New MAX Phase Compound Mo2TiAlC2: First-principles Study
Creators: name: Ali, M. S.
name: Rayhan, M. A.
name: Ali, M. A.
name: Parvin, R.
name: Islam, A. K. M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical study of Mo2TiAlC2 compound belonging to the MAX phases has been performed by using the firstprinciples pseudopotential plane-wave method within the generalized gradient approximation. We have calculated the structural, elastic, electronic and optical properties of Mo2TiAlC2. To confirm mechanical stability, the elastic constants Cij are calculated. Other elastic parameters such as bulk modulus, shear modulus, compressibility, Young modulus, anisotropic factor, Pugh ratio, Poisson ratio are also calculated. The energy band structure and density of states are calculated and analyzed. The results show that the electrical conductivity is metallic with a high density of states at the Fermi level in which Mo 4d states dominate. Furthermore, the optical properties such as dielectric function, refractive index, photoconductivity, absorption coefficients, loss function and reflectivity are also calculated. Its reflectance spectrum shows that it has the potential to be used as a promising shielding material to avoid solar heating.
description: 9 pages
Nodal Superconducting Gap in $β$-FeS
Creators: name: Xing, Jie
name: Lin, Hai
name: Li, Yufeng
name: Li, Sheng
name: Zhu, Xiyu
name: Yang, Huan
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low temperature specific heat has been measured in superconductor $β$-FeS with T$_c$ = 4.55 K. It is found that the low temperature electronic specific heat C$_e$/T can be fitted to a linear relation in the low temperature region, but fails to be described by an exponential relation as expected by an s-wave gap. We try fittings to the data with different gap structures and find that a model with one or two nodal gaps can fit the data. Under a magnetic field, the field induced specific heat $Δγ$=[C$_e$(H)-C$_e$(0)]/T shows the Volovik relation $Δγ_e(H)\propto \sqrt{H}$, suggesting the presence of nodal gap(s) in this material.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas 1903
Creators: name: Koopman, Karl F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Chiroptera
Rhinopomatidae
Rhinopoma
Rhinopoma muscatellum

description: Rhinopoma muscatellum Thomas, 1903. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 11:498. TYPE LOCALITY: Oman, Muscat, Wadi Bani Ruha. DISTRIBUTION: Oman, W Iran, S Afghanistan, perhaps Ethiopia. SYNONYMS: pusilium, seianum. COMMENTS: The Ethiopian record may be misidentified R. hardwickei macinnesi. See Qumsiyeh and Jones (1986, Mammalian Species, 263).
description: Published as part of Karl F. Koopman, 1993, Order Chiroptera, pp. 137-241 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 155, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353060
description: {"references": ["Qumsiyeh, M. B., and J. K. Jones, Jr. 1986. Rhinopoma hardwickii and Rhinopoma muscatellum. Mammalian Species, 263: 1 - 5."]}
Cosmological distances with general-relativistic ray tracing: framework and comparison to cosmographic predictions
Creators: name: Macpherson, Hayley J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present the first results from a new ray-tracing tool to calculate cosmological distances in the context of fully nonlinear general relativity. We use this tool to study the ability of the general cosmographic representation of luminosity distance, as truncated at third order in redshift, to accurately capture anisotropies in the "true" luminosity distance. We use numerical relativity simulations of cosmological large-scale structure formation which are free from common simplifying assumptions in cosmology. We find the general, third-order cosmography is accurate to within 1% for redshifts to z\approx 0.034 when sampling scales strictly above 100 Mpc/h, which is in agreement with an earlier prediction. We find the inclusion of small-scale structure generally spoils the ability of the third-order cosmography to accurately reproduce the full luminosity distance for wide redshift intervals, as might be expected. For a simulation sampling small-scale structures, we find a +/- 5% variance in the monopole of the ray-traced luminosity distance at z \approx 0.02. Further, all 25 observers we study here see a 9--20% variance in the luminosity distance across their sky at z \approx 0.03, which reduces to 2--5% by z \approx 0.1. These calculations are based on simulations and ray tracing which adopt fully nonlinear general relativity, and highlight the potential importance of fair sky-sampling in low-redshift isotropic cosmological analysis.
description: 34 pages, 11 figures (excluding appendices), matches version accepted for publication in JCAP
Analytical studies of Spectrum Broadcast Structures in Quantum Brownian Motion
Creators: name: Tuziemski, J.
name: Korbicz, J. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectrum Broadcast Structures are a new and fresh concept in the quantum-to-classical transition, introduced recently in the context of decoherence and the appearance of objective features in quantum mechanics. These are specific quantum state structures, responsible for an apparent objectivity of a decohered state of a system. Recently they have been shown to appear in the well known Quantum Brownian Motion model, however the final analysis relied on numerics. Here, after a presentation of the main concepts, we perform analytical studies of the model, showing the timescales and the efficiency of the spectrum broadcast structure formation. We consider a massive central system and a somewhat simplified environment being random with a uniform distribution of the frequencies.
description: 23 pages
Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations: A discussion on Symmetries and Singularities
Creators: name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
name: Leach, P. G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Two essential methods, the symmetry analysis and of the singularity analysis, for the study of the integrability of nonlinear ordinary differential equations are discussed. The main similarities and differences of these two different methods are given.
description: 21 pages, 1 table, to be published in Int. J. Geom. Meth. Mod. Phys
Standardize Test Methods for Determining Performance of Solar Cells and Package during Transportation
Creators: name: Hsu, S.-T.
name: Ma, H.-C.-.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (from Cells to Systems)
Standardisation as Tool for Innovation and Cost Reduction

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3435-3438
description: Photovoltaic (PV) cell and module shipping damages mostly rely on the mechanical stresses induced by vibration in transportation. In order to avoid product defects such as breakage (or crack) happened during different transit environments, PV industry need the best practices of documents or Standards to follow up. Therefore, this work aims to standardize a significant test method to monitor c-Si PV cell and package during transportation or shipping, and proposes an analysis for current PV transportation Standards (or draft) from global perspective (ISTA, SEMI and IEC). This can guide PV manufacturers to assess risk and achieve the broadly accepted Standards. The applied test profile is of impacts on shipping goods and to evaluate the applied packing concept also. Through this standardization, a comparability and quality estimation of PV-cell and package is given, which is helpful to alleviate the performance loss of PV-cell and accelerate the development of cells protection design for transportation. Consequently, a Cell Vibration Task Force (TF) at Taiwan started to elaborate a draft for these relevant productspecific issues in February 2011, and passed SEMI global ballots in March 2012. The final released standard was SEMI PV38-0912 in September 2012. Another SEMI Package Performance TF at Taiwan is working SEMI Doc. 5431 to evaluate a guideline and risk analysis for shipped package and PV product, which can influence relevant reliability aspects in a long-term perspective.