cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ahamb (Malekula, Vanuatu) — Language Contexts
Creators: name: Rangelov, Tihomir
name: Bratrud, Tom
name: Barbour, Julie
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2019

description: The Ahamb language is spoken by around 950 people, most of whom reside on the small Ahamb Island off the south coast of Malekula, the second largest island in the Republic of Vanuatu in the South Pacific. Ahamb is one of more than 30 languages of Malekula, and little was known about it until 2017 when a major language documentation project was initiated. In this paper we present the linguistic, geographic and social context in which Ahamb is spoken, assess its current vitality status, and consider prospects for its future. It is hoped that outputs of the Ahamb Documentation Project will boost the status of the language and increase literacy levels, counteracting external pressures to shift to the regional lingua franca Bislama.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 16 (2019)
A Simulation Approach to Optimal Stopping Under Partial Information
Creators: name: Ludkovski, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G40, 62M20, 65C35

description: We study the numerical solution of nonlinear partially observed optimal stopping problems. The system state is taken to be a multi-dimensional diffusion and drives the drift of the observation process, which is another multi-dimensional diffusion with correlated noise. Such models where the controller is not fully aware of her environment are of interest in applied probability and financial mathematics. We propose a new approximate numerical algorithm based on the particle filtering and regression Monte Carlo methods. The algorithm maintains a continuous state-space and yields an integrated approach to the filtering and control sub-problems. Our approach is entirely simulation-based and therefore allows for a robust implementation with respect to model specification. We carry out the error analysis of our scheme and illustrate with several computational examples. An extension to discretely observed stochastic volatility models is also considered.
Tonsawang (Toundanow), North Sulawesi, Indonesia — Language Contexts
Creators: name: Brickell, Timothy C.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2019

description: Tonsawang (also known as Toundanow) is an endangered Austronesian language spoken in a predominantly mountainous area in the northern tip of the island of Sulawesi, Indonesia. The speech community has been undergoing a sustained shift to the language of wider communication, a Malay-based creole, for over a century. Tonsawang is no longer being acquired by children, and in the few domains in which it is used the speakers are invariably middle aged or elderly. It is the most divergent of the Minahasan languages, in part due to the historically isolated location in which the community traditionally resides. This article examines and discusses aspects of history, society, culture, linguistic ecology, linguistic vitality, and language maintenance and revitalisation within the contemporary Tonsawang speech community.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 16 (2019)
title: Konpetentzia digitalak. Graduko ikasleentzako formakuntza materialak: 2. Komunikazioa eta lankidetza 2.2. Teknologia digitalen bidez partekatzea: 2.2.3. Eguneratuta egoteko tresnak
title: Competencias digitales. Materiales de formación para estudiantes de grado: 2. Comunicación y colaboración 2.2. Compartir mediante tecnologías digitales: 2.2.3. Herramientas para mantenerse al día
Creators: name: CRUE-REBIUN
name: Mondragon Unibertsitatea
Publisher: name: Mondragon Unibertsitatea
Year: 2020

description: - Zer da edukien sinkronizazioa?: RSS formatua, RSSaren abantailak. 
- RSS irakurgailuak: Zer behar dut RSS irakurtzeko?, RSS irakurgailu bat lortu, Feedly, Flipboard.
- RSS edukietara harpidetu: Webgune bateko edukia sindikatzea, Datu-baseetan harpidetu.
- Nabigatzaileak: Google Chrome eta bere markatzaileak.
description: - ¿Qué es la sindicación de contenidos?: Formato RSS, Ventajas de RSS. 
- Lectores RSS: ¿Qué necesito para leer RSS?, Obtener un lector RSS, Feedly, Flipboard.
- Suscribirse a contenidos RSS: Sindicar contenido de una web, Suscribirse a las Bases de datos. 
- Navegadores: Google Chrome y sus marcadores.
Learning Methodologies and Technologies Online. HELMeTO 2019 Editorial: Introduction to the Scientific Contributions
Creators: name: Burgos, Daniel
name: Cimitile, Marta
name: Ducange, Pietro
name: Pecori, Riccardo
name: Picerno, Pietro
name: Raviolo, Paolo
name: Stracke, Christian M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Distance Learning
Virtual Learning Environment
Online Learning
eLearning

description: Learning Methodologies and Technologies Online. HELMeTO 2019 Editorial: Introduction to the Scientific Contributions Contributions In this section we briefly summarize the contributions accepted for the oral presentation in HELMeTO 2019. Each contribution is cited specifying the surname of the first author. In the following chapters of this volume, each contribution is presented in the order in which it appears in this brief editorial.
Swadesh lists are not long enough: Drawing phonological generalizations from limited data
Creators: name: Dockum, Rikker
name: Bowern, Claire
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2019

description: This paper presents the results of experiments on the minimally sufficient wordlist size for drawing phonological generalizations about languages. Given a limited lexicon for an under-documented language, are conclusions that can be drawn from those data representative of the language as a whole? Linguistics necessarily involves generalizing from limited data, as documentation can never completely capture the full complexity of a linguistic system. We performed a series of sampling experiments on 36 Australian languages in the Chirila database (Bowern 2016) with lexicons ranging from 2,000 to 10,000 items. The purpose was to identify the smallest wordlist size to achieve: (1) full phonemic coverage for each language, and (2) accurate phonemic distribution compared to the full dataset. We hypothesize that when these two criteria are met they represent a minimally complete sample of a language for basic phonological typology. The results show coverage is consistently achieved at an average lexicon size of approximately 400 items, regardless of the original lexicon size sampled from. These results hold broad significance, given the predominance of word lists smaller than 400 items. For fieldwork, this study also provides a guideline for designing documentation tasks in the face of limited time and resources. These results ...
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 16 (2019)
Noise induced interference fringes in trapped ultracold bosonic gases
Creators: name: Anderloni, S.
name: Benatti, F.
name: Floreanini, R.
name: Guerreschi, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of ultracold atoms trapped in optical double-well potentials in presence of noise generated by an external environment. When prepared in a Fock number state, the system shows phase coherence in the averaged density profile obtained using standard absorption image techniques, that disappears in absence of noise. This effect indicates that also in many-body systems an external environment may enhance quantum coherence, instead of destroying it.
description: 14 pages, LaTex
P.d.e.'s which imply the Penrose conjecture
Creators: name: Bray, Hubert L.
name: Khuri, Marcus A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C80, 83C57, 35Q75

description: In this paper, we show how to reduce the Penrose conjecture to the known Riemannian Penrose inequality case whenever certain geometrically motivated systems of equations can be solved. Whether or not these special systems of equations have general existence theories is therefore an important open problem. The key tool in our method is the derivation of a new identity which we call the generalized Schoen-Yau identity, which is of independent interest. Using a generalized Jang equation, we propose canonical embeddings of Cauchy data into corresponding static spacetimes. In addition, our techniques suggest a more general Penrose conjecture and generalized notions of apparent horizons and trapped surfaces, which are also of independent interest.
description: 63 pages, 2 figures
Insecurity in the Southern Highlands: the nature, triggers and consequences of violence in Hela region
Creators: name: Kopi, Michelle
name: Hinton, Rachael
name: Robinson, Sarah
name: Maiap, Sylvia
name: Guman, Yanny
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM) Program, School of International, Political and Strategic Studies, College of Asia & the Pacific, The Australian National University
Year: 2011
Subjects: governance
conflict
Papua New Guinea

description: "Violence is widely perceived to be a serious problem in Papua New Guinea (PNG), but there is substantial geographical variation and data is limited on the nature and causes of violence. There is some evidence to suggest that violent trauma is a leading cause of injury and death in PNG, and in some parts of the Highlands provinces, trauma is the leading cause of death amongst adults and a large proportion of injuries are intentionally inflicted ..." - page 1
Bridges and Mediation in Higher Distance Education. HELMeTO 2020 Editorial: Introduction to the Scientific Contributions
Creators: name: Agrati, Laura Sara
name: Burgos, Daniel
name: Ducange, Pietro
name: Limone, Pierpaolo
name: Perla, Loredana
name: Picerno, Pietro
name: Raviolo, Paolo
name: Stracke, Christian M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Distance Learning
Higher Education
Technology-Enhanced Learning
Digital Learning
Online Education
eLearning
Covid-19

description: Covid-19 shook and is still shaking the whole world in a short period like globalization and the establishment of the worldwide Internet did over decades impacting all sectors, branches and levels of the society including formal school and higher education and leading to our digital age. This impact is unique in the formal education during the last decades and led to many ad-hoc decisions and changes. The outbreak of Covid-19 has demonstrated the still existing challenges for implementing e-Learning at large scale, also in Higher Education. HELMeTO 2020 is facing similar challenges as it has to be converted into a complete online event. Thus, the international workshop is reflecting it in its title ”Bridges and Mediation in Higher Distance Education” as well as in its program: a special call for Covid-19-related papers led to a record of submissions dealing with the specific demands, current and potential solutions in (higher) education through e-Learning.
Spaces for participatory research, decolonization and community empowerment: working with speakers of Nahuatl in Mexico
Creators: name: Olko, Justyna
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2019

description: This paper focuses on theoretical and practical approaches to decolonizing, participatory research in Indigenous communities and on ways of fostering those decolonizing methodologies in the areas of ethnohistory, sociolinguistics and language revitalization. I discuss the results of several complementary projects involving the Nahuatl language in Mexico, including methods and practices which we developed and implemented, both with regard to ethnolinguistic fieldwork in Nahua communities and to the analysis and usages of historical and modern data. Empowerment and capacitybuilding of Indigenous participants have been essential aspects of this work; it has also embraced attempts to create spaces for the development of Indigenous research methodology. Another important focus has been the development and promotion of ‘participatory historical culture’, consisting of jointly reading and discussing Indigenous texts written by ancestors of modern Nahuas. I discuss the possible impacts of these activities on positive language attitudes and historical identities in the context of language revitalization, as well as on the individual and collective capacity to act with regard to their linguistic and cultural heritage.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 16 (2019)
Evidence of Kinetic Energy Driven Antiferromagnetism in Double Perovskites : A First-principles Study
Creators: name: Sanyal, Prabuddha
name: Das, Hena
name: Saha-Dasgupta, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first principles density functional calculations, together with exact diagonalization of Fe-Mo Hamiltonian constructed in a first principles Wannier function basis, we studied the electronic structure of La doped double perovskite compound Sr$_2$FeMoO$_6$. Our calculation show stabilization of kinetic energy driven antiferromagnetic phase for La rich compounds, in agreement with the results obtained on the basis of previous model calculations.
description: 11 figures. accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Two new proofs of the complete monotonicity of a function involving the psi function
Creators: name: Qi, Feng
name: Guo, Bai-Ni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33B15, 65R10, 26A48, 26A51

description: In the present paper, we give two new proofs for the necessary and sufficient condition $α\le1$ such that the function $x^α[\ln x-ψ(x)]$ is completely monotonic on $(0,\infty)$.
description: 6 pages
Dynamical quantum phase transition of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Collin, Anssi
name: Martikainen, Jani-Petri
name: Larson, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamics of a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate where the two components are coupled via an optical lattice. In particular, we focus on the dynamics as one drives the system through a critical point of a first order phase transition characterized by a jump in the internal populations. Solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we analyze; breakdown of adiabaticity, impact of non-linear atom-atom scattering, and the role of a harmonic trapping potential. Our findings demonstrate that the phase transition is resilient to both contact interaction between atoms and external trapping confinement.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Collective Properties of Excitons in Presence of a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
Creators: name: Berman, Oleg L.
name: Gumbs, Godfrey
name: Folkes, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the collective properties of two-dimensional (2D) excitons immersed within a quantum well which contains 2D excitons and a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We have also analyzed the excitations for a system of 2D dipole excitons with spatially separated electrons and holes in a pair of quantum wells (CQWs) when one of the wells contains a 2DEG. Calculations of the superfluid density and the Kosterlitz-Thouless (K-T) phase transition temperature for the 2DEG-exciton system in a quantum well have shown that the K-T transition temperature increases with increasing exciton density and that it might be possible to have fast long range transport of excitons. The superfluid density and the K-T transition temperature for dipole excitons in CQWs in the presence of a 2DEG in one of the wells increases with increasing inter-well separation.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure. accepted by Solid State Communications
Molecular dynamics simulations of complex shaped particles using Minkowski operators
Creators: name: Galindo-Torres, Sergio-Andres
name: Alonso-Marroquin, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Minkowski operators (addition and substraction of sets in vectorial spaces) has been extensively used for Computer Graphics and Image Processing to represent complex shapes. Here we propose to apply those mathematical concepts to extend the Molecular Dynamics (MD) Methods for simulations with complex-shaped particles. A new concept of Voronoi-Minkowski diagrams is introduced to generate random packings of complex-shaped particles with tunable particle roundness. By extending the classical concept of Verlet list we achieve numerical efficiencies that do not grow quadratically with the body number of sides. Simulations of dissipative granular materials under shear demonstrate that the method complies with the first law of thermodynamics for energy balance.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. E
MPEC 2023-K126 : 2020 MS
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
North Saami, Čohkkiras variety (Sweden, Norway) – Language Snapshot.
Creators: name: Kejonen, Olle
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2020

description: North Saami (endonyms: sápmi or sámegiella ‘Saami language’, davvisámegiella ‘North Saami language’) is a Uralic language spoken by the indigenous Saami minority in the Uralic language region of Norway, Sweden and Finland. In this paper, I outline the current situation of the language and present my own work in documenting and describing the endangered and under-described Čohkkiras variety, spoken in Sweden and Norway.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 17 (2020)
Arutani (Venezuela and Brazil) – Language Snapshot
Creators: name: Labrada, Jorge Emilio Rosés
name: Chacon, Thiago
name: Medina, Francia
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2020

description: Arutani is a language isolate traditionally spoken along the Paragua and Uraricáa rivers and their tributaries on the Venezuelan-Brazilian border. While the Arutani have been a small group since their first mention in the historical record, the population has dwindled significantly in the last few decades, and the number of speakers is now down to five (possibly six) individuals with varying degrees of fluency. Population and speaker number decreases are tied to introduced diseases and, possibly, prior interethnic conflicts as well as intermarriage with larger groups. Documentation and description of the language are scant, but current research has yielded a small corpus of audiovisual materials; of particular importance is connected speech recordings as prior materials consist only of isolated words and sentences.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 17 (2020)
Solar Spectroscopy and (Pseudo-)Diagnostics of the Solar Chromosphere
Creators: name: Rutten, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I first review trends in current solar spectrometry and then concentrate on comparing various spectroscopic diagnostics of the solar chromosphere. Some are actually not at all chromospheric but just photospheric or clapotispheric and do not convey information on chromospheric heating, even though this is often assumed. Balmer Halpha is the principal displayer of the closed-field chromosphere, but it is unclear how chromospheric fibrils gain their large Halpha opacity. The open-field chromosphere seems to harbor most if not all coronal heating and solar wind driving, but is hardly seen in optical diagnostics.
description: To appear in "Recent Advances in Spectroscopy: Astrophysical, Theoretical and Experimental Perspectives", eds. R.K. Chaudhuri, M.V. Mekkaden, A.V. Raveendran and A. Satya Narayanan, Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, Springer, Heidelberg, 2009. Revision: references corrected, new references added, minor text corrections
Structurally-driven magnetic state transition of biatomic Fe chains on Ir(001)
Creators: name: Mokrousov, Yuriy
name: Thiess, Alexander
name: Heinze, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that the magnetic exchange interaction and the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of biatomic Fe chains grown in the trenches of the 5x1 reconstructed Ir(001) surface depend sensitively on the atomic arrangement of the Fe atoms. Two structural configurations have been considered which are suggested from recent experiments. They differ by the local symmetry and the spacing between the two strands of the biatomic Fe chain. Since both configurations are very close in total energy they may coexist in experiment. We have investigated collinear ferro- and antiferromagnetic solutions as well as a collinear state with two moments in one direction and one in the opposite direction (up-down-up-state). For the structure with a small interchain spacing, there is a strong exchange interaction between the strands and the ferromagnetic state is energetically favorable. In the structure with larger spacing, the two strands are magnetically nearly decoupled and exhibit antiferromagnetic order along the chain. In both cases, due to hybridization with the Ir substrate the exchange interaction along the chain axis is relatively small compared to freestanding biatomic iron chains. The easy magnetization axis of the Fe chains also switches with the structural configuration and is out-of-plane for the ferromagnetic chains with small spacing and along the chain axis for the antiferromagnetic chains with large spacing between the two strands. Calculated scanning tunneling microscopy images and spectra suggest the possibility to experimentally distinguish between the two structural and magnetic configurations.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review B
DAFNE CAVITY R & D: - A SHUNT IMPENDANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM BASED ON THE PERTURBATIVE METHOD
Creators: name: P. BALDINI
name: R. BONI
name: G. DI PIRRO
name: A. GALLO
name: F. LUCIBELLO
name: L. PALUMBO
name: S. QUAGLIA
name: M. SERIO
name: C. VACCAREZZA
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 1991

description: RF cavities are likely to drive multibunch instabilities of the DAPHNE beam. Therfore resonator characterization is among the crucial R&D activities of the project. The aim of this paper is to present a perturbative system - based on the Slater theorem - for both longitudinal and transverse impedance measurements of any selected oscillating mode. Theoretical fundamentals, hardware assembling and data acquisition are described, together with the experimental results of the calibration measurement made on a 360 MHz single-cell cavity.
Positive Selection in Gene Regulatory Factors Suggests Adaptive Pleiotropic Changes During Human Evolution
Creators: name: Jovanovic, Vladimir M.
name: Sarfert, Melanie
name: Reyna-Blanco, Carlos S.
name: Indrischek, Henrike
name: Valdivia, Dulce I.
name: Shelest, Ekaterina
name: Nowick, Katja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: primate
subject: transcription factor
subject: speciation
subject: great apes
subject: archaic humans
subject: gene regulatory evolution
subject: phenotypic evolution
subject: KRAB-ZNF
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Gene regulatory factors (GRFs), such as transcription factors, co-factors and histone-modifying enzymes, play many important roles in modifying gene expression in biological processes. They have also been proposed to underlie speciation and adaptation. To investigate potential contributions of GRFs to primate evolution, we analyzed GRF genes in 27 publicly available primate genomes. Genes coding for zinc finger (ZNF) proteins, especially ZNFs with a Krüppel-associated box (KRAB) domain were the most abundant TFs in all genomes. Gene numbers per TF family differed between all species. To detect signs of positive selection in GRF genes we investigated more than 3,000 human GRFs with their more than 70,000 orthologs in 26 non-human primates. We implemented two independent tests for positive selection, the branch-site-model of the PAML suite and aBSREL of the HyPhy suite, focusing on the human and great ape branch. Our workflow included rigorous procedures to reduce the number of false positives: excluding distantly similar orthologs, manual corrections of alignments, and considering only genes and sites detected by both tests for positive selection. Furthermore, we verified the candidate sites for selection by investigating their variation within human and non-human great ape population data. In order to approximately assign a date to positively selected sites in the human lineage, we analyzed archaic human genomes. Our work revealed with high confidence five GRFs that have been positively selected on the human lineage and one GRF that has been positively selected on the great ape lineage. These GRFs are scattered on different chromosomes and have been previously linked to diverse functions. For some of them a role in speciation and/or adaptation can be proposed based on the expression pattern or association with human diseases, but it seems that they all contributed independently to human evolution. Four of the positively selected GRFs are KRAB-ZNF proteins, that induce changes in target genes co-expression and/or through arms race with transposable elements. Since each positively selected GRF contains several sites with evidence for positive selection, we suggest that these GRFs participated pleiotropically to phenotypic adaptations in humans.
A BGO SPECTROMETER FOR 200-1500 MeV PHOTON
Creators: name: M. ANGHINOLFI
name: M. CASTOLDI
name: P. CORVISIERO
name: G. GERVINO
name: L. MAZZASCHI
name: V. MOKEEV
name: G. RICCO
name: M. RIPANI
name: M. SANZONE
name: M. TAIUTI
name: A. ZUCCHIATTI
name: N. BIANCHI
name: E. DE SANCTIS
name: V. LUCHERINI
name: V. MUCCIFORA
name: E. POLLI
name: A. R. REOLON
name: P. ROSSI
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 1992

description: A BGO spectrometer used at Frascati both as a monitor for a tagged-photon beam and as a photon spectrometer in a total photonuclear absorption experiment is described. Measured characteristics of the detector (response function, energy resolution, and tagged-bremsstrahlung spectra of energy up to 1.5 GeV) are shown, and compared to a Monte Carlo simulation.
Exploring the consequences of pairing algorithms for binary stars
Creators: name: Kouwenhoven, M. B. N.
name: Brown, A. G. A.
name: Goodwin, S. P.
name: Zwart, S. F. Portegies
name: Kaper, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knowledge of the binary population in stellar groupings provides important information about the outcome of the star forming process in different environments (see, e.g., Blaauw 1991, and references therein). Binarity is also a key ingredient in stellar population studies, and is a prerequisite to calibrate the binary evolution channels. In this paper we present an overview of several commonly used methods to pair individual stars into binary systems, which we refer to as pairing functions. These pairing functions are frequently used by observers and computational astronomers, either for their mathematical convenience, or because they roughly describe the expected outcome of the star forming process. We discuss the consequences of each pairing function for the interpretation of observations and numerical simulations. The binary fraction and mass ratio distribution generally depend strongly on the selection of the range in primary spectral type in a sample. The mass ratio distribution and binary fraction derived from a binarity survey among a mass-limited sample of targets is thus not representative for the population as a whole. Neither theory nor observations indicate that random pairing of binary components from the mass distribution, the simplest pairing function, is realistic. It is more likely that companion stars are formed in a disk around a star, or that a pre-binary core fragments into two binary components. The results of our analysis are important for (i) the interpretation of the observed mass ratio distribution and binary fraction for a sample of stars, (ii) a range of possible initial condition algorithms for star cluster simulations, and (iii) how to discriminate between the different star formation scenarios.
description: 43 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Lignocellulose as an insoluble fiber source in poultry nutrition: a review
Creators: name: Röhe, Ilen
name: Zentek, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fiber
subject: Growth performance
subject: Gut health
subject: Gut morphology
subject: Lignocellulose
subject: Microbiota
subject: Nutrient digestibility
subject: Poultry
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Extensive research in recent years into the use of various fiber sources in poultry nutrition has led to the perception that dietary fiber is more than a simple diet diluent. Several studies showed that the feeding of insoluble fiber sources such as oat hulls, sunflower hulls or wood shavings may affect digestive physiology and function improving chickens health and growth performance. In this context, the effect of lignocellulose as an insoluble dietary fiber source is increasingly being investigated. Lignocellulose is a component of plant cell walls and consists mainly of the insoluble carbohydrate polymers cellulose and hemicelluloses as well as the phenolic polymer lignin. Lignocellulose is chemically and physicochemically different from other insoluble fiber sources and thus possibly has different effects on poultry compared to traditional fiber sources. Several studies investigated the effect of dietary lignocellulose on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gastrointestinal tract development and intestinal microbiota in broilers and laying hens. Studies differed in terms of feed formulation and lignocellulose inclusion level as well as products of different suppliers were used. The results obtained are inconsistent; beneficial, indifferent or detrimental effects of feeding lignocellulose were observed, so that a final assessment of lignocellulose as a “novel” insoluble fiber source is difficult. This review article summarizes the results of studies in connection with the feeding of lignocellulose to poultry, compares them with those that have used other insoluble fiber sources and illuminates the possible mechanisms of action.
Zo’é (Brazil) – Language Snapshot
Creators: name: Hitotuzi, Nilton
name: De Lima Silva, Wilson
name: De Castro, Onésimo Martins
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2020

description: Zo’é is a Tupian language which is spoken by the homonymous ethnic group who live in the municipality of Óbidos, state of Pará, Brazil. Classified as a vulnerable language by UNESCO, Zo’é has been little studied by field linguists. In a search of internet-based databases with the keywords Buré, Jo’é, Poturu, Poturujara, Poturú, Puturú and Tupi of Cuminapanema, only twenty publications were found to discuss in some depth the phonetic-phonological dimension of the Zo’é language. Following steps for a systematic review, closer scrutiny of these publications has revealed the existence of four distinct vowel inventories and five distinct consonant inventories of this language. As a result, a descriptive-analytical study was devised aiming to understand the reasons for such divergent descriptions, and to decide which of these inventories is more representative of Zo’é. In case all lack adequacy, our aim is to provide a revised, updated analysis. Currently, the team of researchers awaits permission from the Brazilian government to visit the Zo’é Indigenous Land to present the research proposal to community leaders and upon agreement start the process of data collection. Meantime, data collected in encounters with the Zo’é people in the 1980s and 1990s are being explored.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 17 (2020)
Applications of Metric Coinduction
Creators: name: Kozen, Dexter
name: Ruozzi, Nicholas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; F.3.1; I.1.3; I.2.3

description: Metric coinduction is a form of coinduction that can be used to establish properties of objects constructed as a limit of finite approximations. One can prove a coinduction step showing that some property is preserved by one step of the approximation process, then automatically infer by the coinduction principle that the property holds of the limit object. This can often be used to avoid complicated analytic arguments involving limits and convergence, replacing them with simpler algebraic arguments. This paper examines the application of this principle in a variety of areas, including infinite streams, Markov chains, Markov decision processes, and non-well-founded sets. These results point to the usefulness of coinduction as a general proof technique.
Senescence in Bacteria and Its Underlying Mechanisms
Creators: name: Steiner, Ulrich Karl
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: aging
subject: E. coli
subject: asymmetry
subject: inclusion bodies
subject: protein clusters
subject: proteomic instability
subject: evolutionary demography
subject: biodemography
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Bacteria have been thought to flee senescence by dividing into two identical daughter cells, but this notion of immortality has changed over the last two decades. Asymmetry between the resulting daughter cells after binary fission is revealed in physiological function, cell growth, and survival probabilities and is expected from theoretical understanding. Since the discovery of senescence in morphologically identical but physiologically asymmetric dividing bacteria, the mechanisms of bacteria aging have been explored across levels of biological organization. Quantitative investigations are heavily biased toward Escherichia coli and on the role of inclusion bodies—clusters of misfolded proteins. Despite intensive efforts to date, it is not evident if and how inclusion bodies, a phenotype linked to the loss of proteostasis and one of the consequences of a chain of reactions triggered by reactive oxygen species, contribute to senescence in bacteria. Recent findings in bacteria question that inclusion bodies are only deleterious, illustrated by fitness advantages of cells holding inclusion bodies under varying environmental conditions. The contributions of other hallmarks of aging, identified for metazoans, remain elusive. For instance, genomic instability appears to be age independent, epigenetic alterations might be little age specific, and other hallmarks do not play a major role in bacteria systems. What is surprising is that, on the one hand, classical senescence patterns, such as an early exponential increase in mortality followed by late age mortality plateaus, are found, but, on the other hand, identifying mechanisms that link to these patterns is challenging. Senescence patterns are sensitive to environmental conditions and to genetic background, even within species, which suggests diverse evolutionary selective forces on senescence that go beyond generalized expectations of classical evolutionary theories of aging. Given the molecular tool kits available in bacteria, the high control of experimental conditions, the high-throughput data collection using microfluidic systems, and the ease of life cell imaging of fluorescently marked transcription, translation, and proteomic dynamics, in combination with the simple demographics of growth, division, and mortality of bacteria, make the challenges surprising. The diversity of mechanisms and patterns revealed and their environmental dependencies not only present challenges but also open exciting opportunities for the discovery and deeper understanding of aging and its mechanisms, maybe beyond bacteria and aging.
Considerações sobre o PL 4253/20 e a futura lei de licitações
Creators: name: Fortini, Cristiana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 180103 Administrative Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Por Cristiana Fortini e Mariana Avelar
As sanções contratuais devem ser compreendidas em seu caráter instrumental. Por isso, relevante é a lição de Maria João Estorninho, para quem "a função principal da sanção nos contratos administrativos não é, nem a de reprimir como violações contratuais nem a de compensar a Administração pelos prejuízos sofridos, mas sim a de obrigar o particular a cumprir a prestação a que está adstrito e, dessa forma assegurar a prossecução do interesse público subjacente ao contrato "
Unit Plan and Teacher Training analysis
Creators: name: CreaSTEAM
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Unit Plan and Teacher Training analysis

An analysis of the 64 Unit Plans created has been carried out to provide an overview of the type of approach that schools have designed for their STEAM-LABS, not only at the methodological level but also at the level of diversity and instructional design. The analysis done is based on the data collected using the Unit Plan template created for this project.
Study of the Spectrum of Inflaton Perturbations
Creators: name: Glenz, Matthew M.
name: Parker, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the spectrum of inflaton fluctuations resulting from any given long period of exponential inflation. Infrared and ultraviolet divergences in the inflaton dispersion summed over all modes do not appear in our approach. We show how the scale-invariance of the perturbation spectrum arises. We also examine the spectrum of scalar perturbations of the metric that are created by the inflaton fluctuations that have left the Hubble sphere during inflation and the spectrum of density perturbations that they produce at reentry after inflation has ended. When the inflaton dispersion spectrum is renormalized during the expansion, we show (for the case of the quadratic inflaton potential) that the density perturbation spectrum approaches a mass-independent limit as the inflaton mass approaches zero, and remains near that limiting value for masses less than about 1/4 of the inflationary Hubble constant. We show that this limiting behavior does not occur if one only makes the Minkowski space subtraction, without the further adiabatic subtractions that involve time derivatives of the expansion scale factor $a(t)$. We also find a parametrized expression for the energy density produced by the change in $a(t)$ as inflation ends. If the end of inflation were sufficiently abrupt, then the temperature corresponding to this energy density could be very significant. We also show that fluctuations of the inflaton field that are present before inflation starts are not dissipated during inflation, and could have a significant observational effect today. The mechanism for this is caused by the initial fluctuations through stimulated emission from the vacuum.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Unit Plan and Teacher Training analysis
Creators: name: CreaSTEAM
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Unit Plan and Teacher Training analysis An analysis of the 64 Unit Plans created has been carried out to provide an overview of the type of approach that schools have designed for their STEAM-LABS, not only at the methodological level but also at the level of diversity and instructional design. The analysis done is based on the data collected using the Unit Plan template created for this project.
Additional file 5 of Temporal trends and adverse perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancies at differing gestational ages: an observational study from China between 2012–2020
Creators: name: Chen, Peiran
name: Li, Mingrong
name: Mu, Yi
name: Wang, Yanping
name: Liu, Zheng
name: Li, Qi
name: Li, Xiaohong
name: Dai, Li
name: Xie, Yanxia
name: Liang, Juan
name: Zhu, Jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 5: Supplementary Table 1.Risk of stillbirth at Each Week of Gestation Compared with Remaining in Utero categorized by maternal complication condition. Supplementary Table 2.Risk of SGA at Each Week of Gestation Compared with Remaining in Utero categorized by maternal complication condition. Supplementary Table 3.Risk of low apgar score (<4) at Each Week of Gestation Compared with Remaining in Utero categorized by maternal complication condition.
Paipai (Baja California, Mexico) – Language Snapshot
Creators: name: González, Ivette S.
Publisher: name: Language Documentation and Description
Year: 2020

description: Paipai is a Yuman language spoken in Baja California, Mexico, primarily in and around the indigenous community of Santa Catarina, a rural area two hours east of the city of Ensenada.1 Out of approximately 100 inhabitants in Santa Catarina, only 25% speak the language, and most of the speakers are over 50 years old. The Paipai have been historically affected by cultural assimilation resulting from the colonization of their original territories. The existing documentation of this language includes some descriptive work, done through theses, wordlists, and translated traditional narratives. In recent years, additional research has included more comprehensive studies on their language and culture, a pedagogical book, and some audio-visual materials. The domains of use of Paipai are limited to conversations between elders of the community, and language transmission at home has almost completely stopped. However, many members of the community support language maintenance through school education. Current research, by this author as well as others, is focused on expanding the documentation of the language to support language ... 1 The location coordinates given above are for Santa Catarina since this community holds the highest number of speakers and because it is where most of my fieldwork has taken place.
description: Language Documentation and Description, Vol. 17 (2020)
A variational toolbox for quantum multi-parameter estimation
Creators: name: Meyer, Johannes Jakob
name: Borregaard, Johannes
name: Eisert, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information technology
subject: Information theory and computation
subject: Quantum information
subject: Quantum metrology
subject: Theoretical physics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: With an ever-expanding ecosystem of noisy and intermediate-scale quantum devices, exploring their possible applications is a rapidly growing field of quantum information science. In this work, we demonstrate that variational quantum algorithms feasible on such devices address a challenge central to the field of quantum metrology: The identification of near-optimal probes and measurement operators for noisy multi-parameter estimation problems. We first introduce a general framework that allows for sequential updates of variational parameters to improve probe states and measurements and is widely applicable to both discrete and continuous-variable settings. We then demonstrate the practical functioning of the approach through numerical simulations, showcasing how tailored probes and measurements improve over standard methods in the noisy regime. Along the way, we prove the validity of a general parameter-shift rule for noisy evolutions, expected to be of general interest in variational quantum algorithms. In our approach, we advocate the mindset of quantum-aided design, exploiting quantum technology to learn close to optimal, experimentally feasible quantum metrology protocols.
A Flying Platform to Investigate Neuronal Correlates of Navigation in the Honey Bee (Apis mellifera)
Creators: name: Paffhausen, Benjamin H.
name: Petrasch, Julian
name: Wild, Benjamin
name: Meurers, Thierry
name: Schülke, Tobias
name: Polster, Johannes
name: Fuchs, Inga
name: Drexler, Helmut
name: Kuriatnyk, Oleksandra
name: Menzel, Randolf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: honeybee (Apis mellifera L.)
subject: neuroethology
subject: navigation
subject: mushroom body
subject: naturalistic condition
subject: quad copter
subject: electrophysiology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Navigating animals combine multiple perceptual faculties, learn during exploration, retrieve multi-facetted memory contents, and exhibit goal-directedness as an expression of their current needs and motivations. Navigation in insects has been linked to a variety of underlying strategies such as path integration, view familiarity, visual beaconing, and goal-directed orientation with respect to previously learned ground structures. Most works, however, study navigation either from a field perspective, analyzing purely behavioral observations, or combine computational models with neurophysiological evidence obtained from lab experiments. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) has long been a popular model in the search for neural correlates of complex behaviors and exhibits extraordinary navigational capabilities. However, the neural basis for bee navigation has not yet been explored under natural conditions. Here, we propose a novel methodology to record from the brain of a copter-mounted honey bee. This way, the animal experiences natural multimodal sensory inputs in a natural environment that is familiar to her. We have developed a miniaturized electrophysiology recording system which is able to record spikes in the presence of time-varying electric noise from the copter's motors and rotors, and devised an experimental procedure to record from mushroom body extrinsic neurons (MBENs). We analyze the resulting electrophysiological data combined with a reconstruction of the animal's visual perception and find that the neural activity of MBENs is linked to sharp turns, possibly related to the relative motion of visual features. This method is a significant technological step toward recording brain activity of navigating honey bees under natural conditions. By providing all system specifications in an online repository, we hope to close a methodological gap and stimulate further research informing future computational models of insect navigation.