Simplified Battery operation and control algorithm - D5.3 INVADE H2020
Creators: name: Ottesen, Stig Ødegaard
name: Olivella-Rosell, Pol
name: Lloret-Gallego, Pau
name: Hentunen, Ari
name: Crespo del Granado, Pedro
name: Bjarghov, Sigurd
name: Lakshmanan, Venkatachalam
name: Aghaei, Jamshid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017

description: The main objective of the INVADE project is to study possibilities to increase RES penetration and integration in the power system by adding more storage, i.e., batteries. The analysis centres on the flexibility services that different types of storages can provide, namely: centralized, distributed and mobile (EVs). The focus of the work package 5 (WP5) is to assess flexibility and perform analysis in order to investigate the optimal deployment of flexibility sources. Solutions to reduce the challenges brought by variable RES and EV charging include both the added flexibility on the supply and load side. Combining the different characteristics of these resources is essential in assessing the value of distributed energy resources in the power system and in the energy market. The main objective of this WP is to study how to achieve optimal deployment of flexible energy storage in distribution systems. This would lead to an improved use of existing power system infrastructure and reduce issues caused by variable renewable energy sources in the physical electricity systems and at the electricity markets. Deliverable D5.3 provides a simple model for flexibility operation and planning to serve distribution system operators (DSO), balance responsible parties (BRPs) and Prosumers. This is a simplified model that will be initially implemented in the INVADE Platform. This report contains the first version of flexibility management allocation and operation algorithms. The focus is to develop an optimisation method for the operation of stationary and EV batteries as energy storage assets in the distribution grid. The motivation is that storage applications could help to improve the flexibility of the demand side, which again enables a more efficient integration of supply from renewable energy sources. To cope with the intermittent output of RES production, the charging/discharging scheduling of battery storage systems will be carried out with respect to the load and supply variations. The reaction of batteries to net-load variation provides a fast response to imbalances in the system before other frequency control activation. This can effectively help the frequency quality of a RES dominated power system. Moreover, we include the optimal siting and sizing of batteries from the use case, application and grid operation point of view. This is important to ensure that the batteries can effectively contribute to the network management and mitigation of operating challenges. Deliverable 5.3 is split in two main documents, i.e., 1) “Flexibility operation algorithms – phase 1” and 2) “Placement and Sizing of Batteries in Low and Medium Voltage Grids”. The first document details the modelling framework for the flexibility operation algorithm. It provides an outline of the background and the purpose of flexibility services to three entities (DSO, BRP and Prosumer) and describes the flexibility services associated with the different INVADE pilots. In the modelling chapter, the document describes the different flexibility services associated with the three entities in detail and describes the meaning of flexibility for generation units, storage units and loads. Then the scope of the INVADE flexibility services are linked to the operational models for generation, storage and flexible loads. Since the 5 pilots will demonstrate certain use case(s) of these flexibility services, their roles, resources, interrelations and constraints are presented. This is followed by a chapter that details the information and planning horizon structure of the flexibility resources and the methods for implementation. In the last chapter, the mathematical formulation to model the flexibilities of different units for a specific service are provided. The second document deals with the optimal sizing and sitting of batteries in an electric network. A detailed discussion is presented about the impacts on battery size and the benefits for the user (i.e., sizing problem for DSO, BRP and prosumer). This is explained along with the complications associated with the siting problem. A bi-level optimization approach is proposed to address the sitting-sizing decisions. Moreover, the document discusses methods to analyse capacity and investment planning for batteries. Then, an illustrative chapter applies simple sizing methods to two prosumer pilot cases. Deliverable 5.3 presents the necessary methods and models for the development of task T8.3: initial INVADE flexibility cloud platform to serve 5 pilots based on the framework described in D4.2. In the future, further work will be done to expand these models in the “Advanced Battery techno-economic model” task, developed in T6.3.