cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Divide-and-Conquer with Sequential Monte Carlo
Creators: name: F. Lindsten
name: A. M. Johansen
name: C. A. Naesseth
name: B. Kirkpatrick
name: T. B. Schön
name: J. A. D. Aston
name: A. Bouchard-Côté
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We propose a novel class of Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithms, appropriate for inference in probabilistic graphical models. This class of algorithms adopts a divide-and-conquer approach based upon an auxiliary tree-structured decomposition of the model of interest, turning the overall inferential task into a collection of recursively solved sub-problems. The proposed method is applicable to a broad class of probabilistic graphical models, including models with loops. Unlike a standard SMC sampler, the proposed Divide-and-Conquer SMC employs multiple independent populations of weighted particles, which are resampled, merged, and propagated as the method progresses. We illustrate empirically that this approach can outperform standard methods in terms of the accuracy of the posterior expectation and marginal likelihood approximations. Divide-and-Conquer SMC also opens up novel parallel implementation options and the possibility of concentrating the computational effort on the most challenging sub-problems. We demonstrate its performance on a Markov random field and on a hierarchical logistic regression problem. Supplementary material including proofs and additional numerical results is available online.
Proton-PDF uncertainties in extracting nuclear PDFs from $W^\pm$ production in p+Pb collisions
Creators: name: Eskola, Kari J.
name: Paakkinen, Petja
name: Paukkunen, Hannu
name: Salgado, Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the recent CMS Collaboration measurement of $W^\pm$ boson production in p+Pb collisions at 8.16 TeV in terms of the constraining power on nuclear parton distribution functions (PDFs). The impact of the free-proton PDF uncertainties on the nuclear PDF extraction is quantified by using a theoretical covariance-matrix method and Hessian PDF reweighting. We discuss different ways to mitigate these theoretical uncertainties, including self-normalization, forward-to-backward ratios and nuclear-modification ratios. It is found that none of these methods offer perfect cancellation of the free-proton PDFs but, with the present data uncertainties, the residual free-proton-PDF dependence has, conveniently for the global analyses, little effect on the extraction of the nuclear modifications. Based on a simple estimate of obtainable statistics at the LHC Run 3, we argue that this will change in the near future and it becomes more important to propagate the proton-PDF uncertainties accordingly. Using the obtained information on the correlations of the free-proton uncertainties, we also identify a new charge asymmetry ratio, where the cancellation of the proton-PDF uncertainties is found to be extremely good.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures
Role of temperature and alignment activity on kinetics of coil-globule transition of a flexible polymer
Creators: name: Paul, Subhajit
name: Majumder, Suman
name: Janke, Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonequilibrium kinetics during the coil-globule transition of a flexible polymer chain with active beads after a quench from good to poor solvent condition using molecular dynamics simulation. Activity for each bead is introduced via the well-known Vicsek-like alignment rule due to which the velocity of a bead tries to align towards the average direction of its neighbors. We investigate the role of quenching temperature with varying activity during collapse of this polymer. We find that although for lower activities the kinetics remains qualitatively similar for different temperatures, for higher activity noticeable differences can be identified.
ALTa Ciencia Abierta: Datos Abiertos
Creators: name: Vazano, Irene
name: Rajngewerc, Mariela
name: Compagnucci, Marina
name: Míguez, María Paz
name: Jesica, Formoso
name: Ación, Laura
name: Buede, Julián
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ciencia Abierta
Open Science

description: Presentación para el encuentro 3 de ALTa Ciencia Abierta, las cohortes de formación para extender los principios de la Ciencia Abierta en América Latina y más allá.
A Preliminary Note on the Pottery Industry of the Hampshire-Surrey Borders
Creators: name: Holling, Felix W
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 68, 57-88
description: An account of the extensive pottery industry now recognised as having existed from medieval times until comparatively recently in this area, especially to NE of Farnham, and characterised before 18th century by the production of white wares frequently termed Surrey ware. Included are observations and tentative conclusions about the economic sources, growth and geographical extent of this industry and about the distribution, character, development and dating of the products themselves, with a note on the excavated kilns. Au
Cyclin A2 regulates erythrocyte morphology and numbers
Creators: name: Senthil Raja Jayapal
name: Ang, Heather Yin-Kuan
name: Chelsia Qiuxia Wang
name: Bisteau, Xavier
name: Caldez, Matias J.
name: Xuan, Gan Xiao
name: Weimiao Yu
name: Tergaonkar, Vinay
name: Motomi Osato
name: Lim, Bing
name: Kaldis, Philipp
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Cyclin A2 is an essential gene for development and in haematopoietic stem cells and therefore its functions in definitive erythropoiesis have not been investigated. We have ablated cyclin A2 in committed erythroid progenitors in vivo using erythropoietin receptor promoter-driven Cre, which revealed its critical role in regulating erythrocyte morphology and numbers. Erythroid-specific cyclin A2 knockout mice are viable but displayed increased mean erythrocyte volume and reduced erythrocyte counts, as well as increased frequency of erythrocytes containing Howell-Jolly bodies. Erythroblasts lacking cyclin A2 displayed defective enucleation, resulting in reduced production of enucleated erythrocytes and increased frequencies of erythrocytes containing nuclear remnants. Deletion of the Cdk inhibitor p27Kip1 but not Cdk2, ameliorated the erythroid defects resulting from deficiency of cyclin A2, confirming the critical role of cyclin A2/Cdk activity in erythroid development. Loss of cyclin A2 in bone marrow cells in semisolid culture prevented the formation of BFU-E but not CFU-E colonies, uncovering its essential role in BFU-E function. Our data unveils the critical functions of cyclin A2 in regulating mammalian erythropoiesis.
Numerical convergence of 2D solar convection in implicit large-eddy simulations
Creators: name: Nogueira, H. D.
name: Guerrero, G.
name: Smolarkiewicz, P. K.
name: Kosovichev, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large-eddy simulations (LES) and implicit LES (ILES) are wise and affordable alternatives to the unfeasible direct numerical simulations (DNS) of turbulent flows at high Reynolds numbers (Re). However, for systems with few observational constraints, it is a formidable challenge to determine if these strategies adequately capture the physics of the system. Here we address this problem by analyzing numerical convergence of ILES of turbulent convection in 2D, with resolutions between $64^2$ and $2048^2$ grid points, along with the estimation of their effective viscosities, resulting in effective Reynolds numbers between $1$ and $\sim10^4$. The thermodynamic structure of our model resembles the solar interior, including a fraction of the radiative zone and the convection zone. In the convective layer, the ILES solutions converge for the simulations with $\ge 512^2$ grid points, as evidenced by the integral properties of the flow and its power spectra. Most importantly, we found that even a resolution of $128^2$ grid points, Re$\sim10$, is sufficient to capture the dynamics of the large scales accurately. This is a consequence of the ILES method allowing that the energy contained in these scales is the same in simulations with low and high resolution. Special attention is needed in regions with a small density scale height driving the formation of fine structures unresolved by the numerical grid. In the stable layer we found the excitation of internal gravity waves, yet high resolution is needed to capture their development and interaction.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Gravity, Quantum Fields and Quantum Information: Problems with classical channel and stochastic theories
Creators: name: Anastopoulos, Charis
name: Hu, Bei-Lok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years an increasing number of papers attempt to mimic or supplant quantum field theory in discussions of issues related to gravity by the tools and through the perspective of quantum information theory, often in the context of alternative quantum theories. In this essay, we point out three common problems in such treatments. First, we show that the notion of interactions mediated by an information channel is not, in general, equivalent to the treatment of interactions by quantum field theory. When used to describe gravity, this notion may lead to inconsistencies with general relativity. Second, we point out that in general one cannot replace a quantum field by that of classical stochastic sources, or mock up the effects of quantum fluctuations by classical noises, because in so doing important quantum features such as coherence and entanglement will be left out. Third, we explain how under specific conditions semi-classical and stochastic theories indeed can be formulated from their quantum origins and play a role at certain regimes of interest.
description: 19 pages, prepared for entropy special issue on Quantum Information in Quantum Gravity
Ab initio calculations of spin-nonconserving exciton-phonon scattering in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiaowei
name: Cao, Ting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spin-nonconserving relaxation channel of excitons by their couplings with phonons in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides using $\textit{ab initio}$ approaches. Combining $\text{GW}$-Bethe-Salpeter equation method and density functional perturbation theory, we calculate the electron-phonon and exciton-phonon coupling matrix elements for the spin-flip scattering in monolayer WSe$_{\text{2}}$, and further analyze the microscopic mechanisms influencing these scattering strengths. We find that phonons could produce effective in-plane magnetic fields which flip spin of excitons, giving rise to relaxation channels complimentary to the spin-conserving relaxation. Finally, we calculate temperature-dependent spin-flip exciton-phonon relaxation times. Our method and analysis can be generalized to study other two-dimensional materials and would stimulate experimental measurements of spin-flip exciton relaxation dynamics.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Autophagy activation in COL6 myopathic patients by a low-protein-diet pilot trial
Creators: name: Castagnaro, Silvia
name: Pellegrini, Camilla
name: Pellegrini, Massimo
name: Chrisam, Martina
name: Sabatelli, Patrizia
name: Toni, Silvia
name: Grumati, Paolo
name: Ripamonti, Claudio
name: Pratelli, Loredana
name: Maraldi, Nadir M.
name: Cocchi, Daniela
name: Righi, Valeria
name: Faldini, Cesare
name: Sandri, Marco
name: Bonaldo, Paolo
name: Merlini, Luciano
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational Biology

description: A pilot clinical trial based on nutritional modulation was designed to assess the efficacy of a one-year low-protein diet in activating autophagy in skeletal muscle of patients affected by COL6/collagen VI-related myopathies. Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy and Bethlem myopathy are rare inherited muscle disorders caused by mutations of COL6 genes and for which no cure is yet available. Studies in col6 null mice revealed that myofiber degeneration involves autophagy defects and that forced activation of autophagy results in the amelioration of muscle pathology. Seven adult patients affected by COL6 myopathies underwent a controlled low-protein diet for 12 mo and we evaluated the presence of autophagosomes and the mRNA and protein levels for BECN1/Beclin 1 and MAP1LC3B/LC3B in muscle biopsies and blood leukocytes. Safety measures were assessed, including muscle strength, motor and respiratory function, and metabolic parameters. After one y of low-protein diet, autophagic markers were increased in skeletal muscle and blood leukocytes of patients. The treatment was safe as shown by preservation of lean:fat percentage of body composition, muscle strength and function. Moreover, the decreased incidence of myofiber apoptosis indicated benefits in muscle homeostasis, and the metabolic changes pointed at improved mitochondrial function. These data provide evidence that a low-protein diet is able to activate autophagy and is safe and tolerable in patients with COL6 myopathies, pointing at autophagy activation as a potential target for therapeutic applications. In addition, our findings indicate that blood leukocytes are a promising noninvasive tool for monitoring autophagy activation in patients.
Green's Farm, Newdigate
Creators: name: Mason, R T
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 68, 89-95
description: After an extensive review of the possible chronology of early timber-framing a date of c 1300 is suggested for the house, which is a two-bay open hall of superior quality with an original two-storeyed service end and a crosswing, perhaps a replacement of c 1600, a period in which the hall was floored over and a large stack inserted. Among the farm buildings a medieval barn is considered to have been re-erected in its present position. P W D
Quantifying Markov Chain Monte Carlo Exploration of Tumour Progression Tree Spaces: Initialisation Strategies, Convergence Diagnostics & Multi-modalities
Creators: name: Köhn, Gordon
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cancer genomics
subject: Tumor progression
subject: Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
subject: Convergence diagnostics
subject: Bayesian Inference
subject: trees (mathematics)
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/004
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/500
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/510
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/570
subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/600
subject: Data processing, computer science
subject: Natural sciences
subject: FOS: Natural sciences
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Life sciences
subject: Technology (applied sciences)

description: Understanding the mutational intra-tumour heterogeneity within tumours is crucial to developing effective personalised cancer therapies. Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling schemes have proven successful and trusted in reconstructing tumour progression histories, particularly mutation trees. To understand the effectiveness of mutation tree MCMC methods and their required runtimes, it is crucial to understand how quickly the empirical distribution of the MCMC converges to the posterior distribution.

We quantify the MCMC exploration of the mutation tree space for the landmark inference scheme SCITE using tree similarity measures. In this simulation study, the tree similarities map features informative of a tumour’s clonal expansion from the mutation tree space to a scalar space, allowing the study of the MCMC exploration. Quantification of the exploration is provided by the novel application of convergence diagnostics established in continuous space to the discrete space of mutation trees via tree similarities.

Consequently, we estimate the required runtime of SCITE for simulated data, which may imply significantly reduced runtimes for real-world datasets.

Further, we find the dependence of the initial state of the MCMC to vanish quickly. We recommend trialling the significant reduction of the warm-up period for real-world datasets, implying another reduction in required runtime. In the process of exploring initialisation strategies, we validated the performance of the fast heuristic inference method HUNTRESS.

Lastly, we investigate the topology of the Bayesian tree posterior, which is thought to contain multi-modalities potentially. For simulated data, we did not find evidence for any multi-modalities justifying the design of SCITE as a single-chain MCMC scheme.
Chapter 1: Introduction
Creators: name: Poulton, Robert
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2002

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 85, 1-2
description: Brief background to the collection of papers reporting on several excavations conducted over the last twenty years (see also 99/1289, 99/1294, 99/1506, 99/1631--2, 99/1717, 99/1732, 99/1740, 99/1745, 99/1755, 99/1760--4, 99/1766, 99/1811, 99/2008).
Damping of long wavelength gravitational waves by the intergalactic medium
Creators: name: Lieu, Richard
name: Lackeos, Kristen
name: Zhang, Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of radiation by the charged particles of the intergalactic medium (IGM) when a passing gravitational wave (GW) accelerate them is investigated. The largest acceleration (taking a charge from rest to a maximum speed which remains non-relativistic in the rest frame of the unperturbed spacetime) is found to be limited by the curvature of a propagating spherical gravitational wavefront. Interesting physics arises from the ensuing emission of radiation into the warm hot IGM, which to lowest order is a fully ionized hydrogen plasma with a frozen-in magnetic field $B$. It is found that for a vast majority of propagation directions, the right-handed polarized radiation can penetrate the plasma at frequencies below the plasma frequency $\om_p$, provided $\om
description: CQG in print
Is Local $H_0$ At Odds With Dark Energy EFT?
Creators: name: Lee, Bum-Hoon
name: Lee, Wonwoo
name: Colgáin, Eoin Ó
name: Sheikh-Jabbari, M. M.
name: Thakur, Somyadip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local $H_0$ determinations currently fall in a window between $H_0 \sim 70$ km/s/Mpc (TRGB) and $H_0 \sim 76$ km/s/Mpc (Tully-Fisher). In contrast, BAO data calibrated in an early $Λ$CDM universe are largely consistent with Planck-$Λ$CDM, $H_0 \sim 67.5$ km/s/Mpc. Employing a generic two parameter family of evolving equations of state (EoS) for dark energy (DE) $w_{\textrm{DE}}(z)$ and mock BAO data, we demonstrate that if i) $w_{\textrm{DE}}(z=0) < -1$ and ii) integrated DE density less than $Λ$CDM, then $H_0$ increases. EoS that violate these conditions at best lead to modest $H_0$ increases within $1 σ$. Tellingly, Quintessence and K-essence satisfy neither condition, whereas coupled Quintessence can only satisfy ii). Beyond these seminal DE Effective Field Theories (EFTs), we turn to explicit examples. Working model agnostically in an expansion in powers of redshift $z$, we show that Brans-Dicke/$f(R)$ and Kinetic Gravity Braiding models within the Horndeski class can lead to marginal and modest increases in $H_0$, respectively. We confirm that as far as increasing $H_0$ is concerned, no DE EFT model can outperform the phenomenological two parameter family of the DE models. Evidently, the late universe may no longer be large enough to accommodate $H_0$, BAO and DE described by EFT.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures, comments/correspondence welcome; v2 references and comments added; v3 references added, to appear in JCAP
X-ray Tomographic Micro-Particle Velocimetry in Porous Media
Creators: name: Bultreys, Tom
name: Van Offenwert, Stefanie
name: Goethals, Wannes
name: Boone, Matthieu N.
name: Aelterman, Jan
name: Cnudde, Veerle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluid flow through intricate confining geometries often exhibits complex behaviors, certainly in porous materials, e.g. in groundwater flows or the operation of filtration devices and porous catalysts. However, it has remained extremely challenging to measure 3D flow fields in such micrometer-scale geometries. Here, we introduce a new 3D velocimetry approach for optically opaque porous materials, based on time-resolved X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). We imaged the movement of X-ray tracing micro-particles in creeping flows through the pores of a sandpack and a porous filter, using laboratory-based micro-CT at frame rates of tens of seconds and voxel sizes of 12 micron. For both experiments, fully three-dimensional velocity fields were determined based on thousands of individual particle trajectories, showing a good match to computational fluid dynamics simulations. Error analysis was performed by investigating a realistic simulation of the experiments. The method has the potential to measure complex, unsteady 3D flows in porous media and other intricate microscopic geometries. This could cause a breakthrough in the study of fluid dynamics in a range of scientific and industrial application fields.
description: 35 pages, 13 figures
Manuscripts and Documents on the History of Physics: A Historical Materialist Textbook by Boris Hessen. Verum Factum, 2022.
Creators: name: Moosbrugger, Damian
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION (PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE)
HISTORY OF PHYSICS
Science Studies
Boris Hessen
Hessen Thesis
History and philosophy of science

description: Marxism and Sciences, 2 (2)
description: Radical Science Movements: Past, Present and Future
Memristor Compact Model with Oxygen-Vacancy Concentration as State Variable
Creators: name: Zeumault, Andre
name: Alam, Shamiul
name: Faruk, Md Omar
name: Aziz, Ahmedullah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a unique compact model for oxide memristors, based upon the concentration of oxygen vacancies as state variables. In this model, the increase (decrease) in oxygen vacancy concentration is similar in effect to the reduction (expansion) of the tunnel gap used as a state variable in existing compact models, providing a mechanism for the electronic current to increase (decrease) based upon the polarity of the applied voltage. Rate equations defining the dynamics of state variables are obtained from simplifications of a recent manuscript in which electronic processes (i.e., electron capture/emission) were combined with atomic processes (i.e., Frenkel pair generation/recombination, diffusion) stemming from the thermochemical model of dielectric breakdown. Central to the proposed model is the effect of the electron occupancy of oxygen vacancy traps on resistive switching dynamics. The electronic current is calculated considering Ohmic, band-to-band, and bound-to-band contributions. The model includes uniform self-heating with Joule-heating and conductive loss terms. The model is calibrated using experimental current-voltage characteristics for HfO2 memristors with different electrode materials. Though a general model is presented, a delta-shaped density of states profile for oxygen vacancies is found capable of accurately representing experimental data while providing a minimal description of bound to band transitions. The model is implemented in Verilog-A and tested using read/write operations in a 4x4 1T1R nonvolatile memory array to evaluate its ability to perform circuit simulations of practical interest. A particular benefit is that the model does not make strong assumptions regarding filament geometry of which scant experimental-evidence exists to support.
Coherent photoproduction of the neutral pion and eta meson on the deuteron at incident energies below 1.15 GeV
Creators: name: Ishikawa, T.
name: Fix, A.
name: Fujimura, H.
name: Fukasawa, H.
name: Hashimoto, R.
name: He, Q.
name: Honda, Y.
name: Iwata, T.
name: Kaida, S.
name: Kasagi, J.
name: Kawano, A.
name: Kuwasaki, S.
name: Maeda, K.
name: Masumoto, S.
name: Miyabe, M.
name: Miyahara, F.
name: Mochizuki, K.
name: Muramatsu, N.
name: Nakamura, A.
name: Nawa, K.
name: Obara, Y.
name: Ogushi, S.
name: Okada, Y.
name: Okamura, K.
name: Onodera, Y.
name: Ozawa, K.
name: Sakamoto, Y.
name: Sato, M.
name: Shimizu, H.
name: Sugai, H.
name: Suzuki, K.
name: Tajima, Y.
name: Takahashi, S.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
name: Tsuchikawa, Y.
name: Yamazaki, H.
name: Yamazaki, R.
name: Yoshida, H. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent photoproduction of the neutral pion and eta meson on the deuteron, $γ{d}${$\to$}$π^0η{d}$, has been experimentally studied at incident photon energies ranging from the reaction threshold to 1.15 GeV. The total cross section demonstrates a rapid rise below 1 GeV. The data are underestimated by the existing theoretical calculations based on quasi-free $π^0 η$ photoproduction on the nucleon followed by deuteron coalescence. At the same time, the data are rather well reproduced by the calculations taking into account the final-state interaction. We have also measured for the first time the differential cross sections: the $π^0 η$ invariant-mass distribution $dσ/dM_{πη}$, the $π^0 d$ invariant-mass distribution $dσ/dM_{πd}$, the $ηd$ invariant-mass distribution $dσ/dM_{ηd}$, and the distribution over the deuteron emission angle $dσ/dΩ_d$ in the overall center-of-mass frame. The measured cross section $dσ/dΩ_d$ does not exhibit strongly backward-peaking behavior predicted by the calculations. At all incident energies, an increase in $dσ/dM_{ηd}$ near the $ηd$ threshold is observed, which indicates a bound or virtual $ηd$ state resulting from a strong attraction between $η$ and a deuteron. The possibilities of using coherent $π^0η$ photoproduction on a nucleus to study the $η$-nuclear interaction are also discussed.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Analyzing pedestrian crash injury severity under different weather conditions
Creators: name: Li, Duo
name: Ranjitkar, Prakash
name: Yifei Zhao
name: Yi, Hui
name: Soroush Rashidi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Objective: Pedestrians are the most vulnerable road users due to the lack of mass, speed, and protection compared to other types of road users. Adverse weather conditions may reduce road friction and visibility and thus increase crash risk. There is limited evidence and considerable discrepancy with regard to impacts of weather conditions on injury severity in the literature. This article investigated factors affecting pedestrian injury severity level under different weather conditions based on a publicly available accident database in Great Britain. Method: Accident data from Great Britain that are publicly available through the STATS19 database were analyzed. Factors associated with pedestrian, driver, and environment were investigated using a novel approach that combines a classification and regression tree with random forest approach. Results: Significant severity predictors under fine weather conditions from the models included speed limits, pedestrian age, light conditions, and vehicle maneuver. Under adverse weather conditions, the significant predictors were pedestrian age, vehicle maneuver, and speed limit. Conclusions: Elderly pedestrians are associated with higher pedestrian injury severities. Higher speed limits increase pedestrian injury severity. Based on the research findings, recommendations are provided to improve pedestrian safety.
A case for degrowth: Material demand projections under the three IPCC’s most ambitious illustrative mitigation pathways: neodymium in wind power and transportation
Creators: name: Bataillard, Maxime
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Industrial ecology
Material flow analysis (MFA)
Scenario analysis
Degrowth
Renewable energy
Electrification
environment
IPCC
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/333.7
Natural resources, energy and environment

description: The rapid growth of clean technologies to address climate change has emphasized the increasing complexity of materials, some of which face criticality and potential supply disruptions. Inte- grated assessment models (IAMs) used for designing illustrative mitigation pathways (IMPs) lack comprehensive information on material annual demand projection. This study focuses on the demand for the rare earth element neodymium (Nd) until 2050 in wind power and transporta- tion sectors. The assessment is based on the three most ambitious IMPs, namely “Low Energy Demand” (LD), “Sustainability Pathways” (SP), and “Rapid Technology Change” (Ren), from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Assessment Report 6 (AR6). The results show that Nd demand steadily increases in all scenarios, but the magnitude and growth rates vary. The LD scenario exhibits the lowest material needs in passenger transport due to shared road transport and rail preferences, consequence of a focus on final energy use changes, while the SP scenario presents the highest growth in material demand. The Ren scenario, char- acterized by fast electrification and energy intensity improvements, represents a middle-ground scenario for material demand with good opportunities for recycling. This study underscores the significance of considering material demand in scenario design and highlights the importance of better assessing crucial external factors used for material stock determination in the future. The findings contribute to improving scenario design precision and the understanding of material use implications, providing valuable insights for climate policies and resource management strategies.
The origin of the unfocused XMM-Newton background, its variability and lessons learned for ATHENA
Creators: name: Gastaldello, Fabio
name: Marelli, Martino
name: Molendi, Silvano
name: Bartalucci, Iacopo
name: Kühl, Patrick
name: Grant, Catherine E.
name: Ghizzardi, Simona
name: Rossetti, Mariachiara
name: De Luca, Andrea
name: Tiengo, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed the unexposed to the sky outFOV region of the MOS2 detector on board XMM-Newton covering 15 years of data amounting to 255 Ms. We show convincing evidence that the origin of the unfocused background in XMM-Newton is due to energetic protons, electrons and hard X-ray photons. Galactic Cosmic Rays are the main contributors as shown by the tight correlation (2.6% of total scatter) with 1 GeV protons data of the SOHO EPHIN detector. Tight correlations are found with a proxy of the Chandra background rate, revealing the common source of background for detectors in similar orbits, and with the data of the EPIC Radiation Monitor (ERM), only when excluding Solar Energetic Particles events (SEPs). The entrance to the outer electron belts is associated to a sudden increase in the outFOV MOS2 rate and a spectral change. These facts support the fact that MeV electrons can generate an unfocused background signal. The correlation between MOS2 outFOV data and the SOHO EPHIN data reveals a term constant in time and isotropic similar to the one found in the study of the pn data. The most plausible origin of this component is hard unfocused X-ray photons of the Cosmic X-ray Background (CXB) Compton-scattering in the detector as supported by the strength of the signal in the two detectors with different thicknesses. Based on this physical understanding a particle radiation monitor on board ATHENA has been proposed and it is currently under study. It will be able to track different species with the necessary accuracy and precision to guarantee the challenging requirement of 2% reproducibility of the background.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey: V. Chemical Abundances of CTIO/Hydra Clusters using The Cannon
Creators: name: Ray, Amy E.
name: Frinchaboy, Peter M.
name: Donor, John
name: Chojnowski, S. D.
name: Melendez, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Open clusters are key chemical and age tracers of Milky Way evolution. While open clusters provide significant constraints on galaxy evolution, their use has been limited due to discrepancies in measuring abundances from different studies. We analyze medium resolution (R~19,000) CTIO/Hydra spectra of giant stars in 58 open clusters using The Cannon to determine [Fe/H], [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Al/Fe], and [O/Fe]. This work adds an additional 55 primarily southern hemisphere open clusters calibrated to the SDSS/APOGEE DR16 metallicity system. This uniform analysis is compared to previous studies [Fe/H] measurements for 23 clusters and we present spectroscopic metallicities for the first time for 35 open clusters.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, astronomical journal accepted
The Role of Disk Tearing and Precession in the Observed Variability of Pleione
Creators: name: Marr, Keegan C.
name: Jones, Carol E.
name: Tycner, Chris
name: Carciofi, Alex C.
name: Silva, Ariane C. Fonseca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We acquired H$α$ spectroscopic observations from 2005 to 2019 showing Pleione has transitioned from a Be phase to a Be-shell phase during this period. Using the radiative transfer code \hdust\ we created a grid of $\sim100,000$ disk models for Pleione. We successfully reproduced the observed transition with a disk model that varies in inclination while maintaining an equatorial density of $ρ_0(r) = 3\times 10^{-11} (r/R_{eq})^{-2.7}~\rm{g~cm^{-3}}$, and an H$α$ emitting region extending to $15~\rm{R_{eq}}$. We use a precessing disk model to extrapolate the changing disk inclination over $120$ years and follow the variability in archival observations. The best-fit disk model precesses over a line of sight inclination between $\sim25\rm{^{\circ}}$ and $\sim144\rm{^{\circ}}$ with a precessional period of $\sim80.5$ years. Our precessing models match some of the observed variability but fail to reproduce all of the historical data available. Therefore, we propose an ad-hoc model based on our precessing disk model inspired by recent SPH simulations of similar systems, where the disk tears due to the tidal influence of a companion star. In this model, a single disk is slowly tilted to an angle of $30^{\circ}$ from the stellar equator over $34$ years. Then, the disk is torn by the companion's tidal torque, with the outer region separating from the innermost disk. The small inner disk returns to the stellar equator as mass injection remains constant. The outer disk precesses for $\sim15$ years before gradually dissipating. The process repeats every $34$ years and reproduces all trends in Pleione's variability.
description: 19 pages, 15 figures
Chapter 4: Farnham. Farnham town, borough and manor in the early 13th century; The town ditch and the early development of Farnham town and borough; Excavations at Borelli Yard; Excavations between Castle Street and Bear Lane; Archaeological investigation to the rear of 74 Castle Street; Discussion; Other archaeological work
Creators: name: Brooks, Philip
name: Parks, Peggy
name: Riall, Nicholas J E
name: Poulton, Robert
name: Graham, D
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2017

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 85, 97-157
Chapter 5: Godalming. Excavations at 5-7 Holloway Hill; Excavation in Minst Street' Excavation on the Co-operative Wholesale Society premises at Bridge Street; General discussion; Other archaeological work
Creators: name: Poulton, Robert
name: Janaway, John
name: Janaway, Susan
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2017

description: Surrey Archaeological Collections, 85, 159-209
What is needed of a scalar field if it is to unify inflation and late time acceleration ?
Creators: name: Jaman, Nur
name: Sami, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quintessential inflation refers to scenarios in which a single scalar field is used to describe inflation and late-time acceleration. This review is dedicated to the framework of quintessential inflation, with a focus on the building blocks of formalism. Consistent unification of inflation and late time acceleration using a single scalar field asks for a shallow field potential initially followed by steep behaviour thereafter and shallow again around the present epoch. The requirement of non-interference of scalar field with thermal history dictates steep nature of potential in the post-inflationary era, with a further restriction that late time physics be independent of initial conditions. We describe, in detail the scaling and asymptotic scaling solutions and the mechanism of exit from the scaling regime to late time acceleration. Review includes a fresh look at scaling solutions which are central to the theme of unification of inflation and late time acceleration. As for the exit mechanism, special attention is paid to the coupling of massive neutrino matter to the scalar field, which builds up dynamically and can give rise to late time acceleration. We present a detailed analytical treatment of scalar field dynamics in the presence of coupling. We briefly discuss the distinguished feature of quintessential inflation, namely, the blue spectrum of gravity waves produced during the transition from inflation to the kinetic regime.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in the Special Issue "Latest Developments in the Quest for the Unification of Cosmic Inflation and Dark Energy" in Journal "Galaxies"
Strong stability of convexity with respect to the perimeter
Creators: name: Figalli, Alessio
name: Zhang, Yi Ru-Ya
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
FOS: Mathematics
49Q10, 49Q20

description: Let $E\subset \mathbb R^n$, $n\ge 2$, be a set of finite perimeter with $|E|=|B|$, where $B$ denotes the unit ball. When $n=2$, since convexification decreases perimeter (in the class of open connected sets), it is easy to prove the existence of a convex set $F$, with $|E|=|F|$, such that $$ P(E) - P(F) \ge c\,|EΔF|, \qquad c>0. $$ Here we prove that, when $n\ge 3$, there exists a convex set $F$, with $|E|=|F|$, such that $$ P(E) - P(F) \ge c(n) \,f\big(|EΔF|\big), \qquad c(n)>0,\qquad f(t)=\frac{t}{|\log t|} \text{ for }t \ll 1. $$ Moreover, one can choose $F$ to be a small $C^2$-deformation of the unit ball. Furthermore, this estimate is essentially sharp as we can show that the inequality above fails for $f(t)=t.$ Interestingly, the proof of our result relies on a new stability estimate for Alexandrov's Theorem on constant mean curvature sets.
description: arXiv
Demand and supply side effects of COVID-19 on music streaming
Creators: name: Meyn, Janek
name: Albers, Sönke
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Restrictions imposed to fight the Covid-19 pandemic dramatically changed life. This affected the entertainment industry with consequences on the demand (consumer behavior in terms of quantity and preferences) and supply side (quantity of published products). Suffering from revenue losses because of canceled live events due to Covid-19, the music industry heavily relied on streaming revenues so we investigate how the lockdowns and other restrictions affected demand and supply within the music streaming industry. Using daily Spotify streaming data, as well as the MusicBrainz encyclopedia, we empirically investigate changes in the number of streams per day, listening preferences (demand side), and the number of releases (supply side) for the United States, Germany, Brazil, and Indonesia. For the demand side, the results imply that lockdown measures led to a decrease in the total number of streams per day. This coincided with country-specific changes in music preferences such as a short-term increase in the consumption of happy music. On the supply side, a global increase in songs released with increasing lockdown measures was found. Although most effects mitigate over time, they lead to serious ongoing financial consequences for artists, record labels, and streaming services.
Dynamical architecture of the HD 107148 system
Creators: name: Eberhardt, Jan
name: Trifonov, Trifon
name: Kürster, Martin
name: Stock, Stephan
name: Henning, Thomas
name: Wollbold, Anna
name: Reffert, Sabine
name: Lee, Man Hoi
name: Zechmeister, Mathias
name: Rodler, Florian
name: Zakhozhay, Olga
name: Heeren, Paul
name: Gandolfi, Davide
name: Barragán, Oscar
name: Pinto, Marcelo Tala
name: Wolthoff, Vera
name: Sarkis, Paula
name: Brems, Stefan S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an independent Doppler validation and dynamical orbital analysis of the two-planet system HD 107148, which was recently announced in Rosenthal et al. (2021). Our detailed analyses are based on literature HIRES data and newly obtained HARPS and CARMENES radial velocity (RV) measurements as part of our survey in search for additional planets around single planet systems. We perform a periodogram analysis of the available HIRES and HARPS precise RVs and stellar activity indicators. We do not find any apparent correlation between the RV measurements and the stellar activity indicators, thus linking the two strong periodicities to a moderately compact multiple-planet system. We carry out orbital fitting analysis by testing various one- and two-planet orbital configurations and studying the posterior probability distribution of the fitted parameters. Our results solidify the existence of a Saturn-mass planet (HD 107148 b, discovered first) with a period $P_b\sim77.2$ d, and a second, eccentric ($e_c \sim$ 0.4), Neptune-mass exoplanet (HD 107148 c), with an orbital period of $P_c\sim18.3$ d. Finally, we investigate the two-planet system's long-term stability and overall orbital dynamics with the posterior distribution of our preferred orbital configuration. Our N-body stability simulations show that the system is long-term stable and exhibits large secular osculations in eccentricity but in no particular mean-motion resonance configuration. The HD 107148 system, consisting of a Solar-type main sequence star with two giant planets in a rare configuration, features a common proper motion white dwarf companion and is, therefore, a valuable target for understanding the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
description: Accepted for publication in AJ
Holographic dark energy in Gauss-Bonnet gravity with Granda-Oliveros cut-off
Creators: name: Koussour, M.
name: Filali, H.
name: Shekh, S. H.
name: Bennai, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we have studied a model of holographic dark energy (HDE) with a homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I Universe in the framework of Gauss-Bonnet (GB) gravity or $f(G)$ gravity. To find an exact solution of the field equations, we assume that the deceleration parameter varies with cosmic time $\left( t\right) $. We plot some physical quantities and give interpretations of the results obtained. Finally, we compared our model with the $ΛCDM$ model by analyzing the Jerk parameter, and we examine the equivalence between the HDE of the present work and the generalized HDE.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
EIS.mdb
Creators: name: Yuanli Zheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 30604 Electrochemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description:
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（（CoCr and NiCr alloys in the artificial saliva with or without S.mutans））
Metapopulation dynamics and the influence of the killer system in a natural S. cerevisiae population
Creators: name: Sturm, Lars
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: killer yeast
metapopulation
info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/570
Life sciences

description: Populations and their genetic makeup are ever changing. Metapopulations of interconnected small populations, observed over many years, can give us an insight into large-scale shifts in their genetic composition. Here we use a natural metapopulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to explore changes in its genetic composition over time. We further examine a possible cause for genetic shifts using the killer-yeast system. We found a large turnover of genotypes over the course of four years with initially few dominant genotypes being replaced by a greater diversity over time. An analysis of dsRNA viruses encoding the killer-yeast genes showed strong changes over time and space. We show partial success with the standard methods to examine the killer-yeast system but also reveal the limits of the current killer assay method when applied on a larger assemblage of natural populations.