cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Annual Report 2024
Creators: name: EuroFIR AISBL
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: EuroFIR
Annual report

description: As we reflect on 2024, it is clear that this has been a year of growth, collaboration, and progress for EuroFIR. Our commitment to advancing food composition data and research has led to significant developments, from the expansion of our Food Composition Databases (FCDBs) to the launch of new research initiatives addressing critical challenges in nutrition and food sustainability. EuroFIR continues to strengthen its role as a leader in food composition data through strategic partnerships and innovative projects. This year, we have successfully secured new EU-funded research opportunities, broadened our engagement through enhanced outreach activities, and welcomed new Members and collaborators who bring valuable expertise to our community. Our governance and financial sustainability efforts have also been a priority, ensuring that EuroFIR remains well-positioned for the future. We have implemented key improvements in financial models, expanded digital services, and refined our membership offerings to provide greater value.
Kinematic signatures of impulsive supernova feedback in dwarf galaxies
Creators: name: Burger, Jan D.
name: Zavala, Jesús
name: Sales, Laura V.
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Marinacci, Federico
name: Torrey, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impulsive supernova feedback and non-standard dark matter models, such as self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), are the two main contenders for the role of the dominant core formation mechanism at the dwarf galaxy scale. Here we show that the impulsive supernova cycles that follow episodes of bursty star formation leave distinct features in the distribution function of stars: groups of stars with similar ages and metallicities develop overdense shells in phase space. If cores are formed through supernova feedback, we predict the presence of such features in star-forming dwarf galaxies with cored host halos. Their systematic absence would favor alternative dark matter models, such as SIDM, as the dominant core formation mechanism.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, arxiv version contains both the letter and the supplemental material \c{opyright} 2022 American Physical Society
Allostatic load in an environmental riskscape: The role of stressors and gender
Creators: name: Kristen Peek, M.
name: Cutchin, Malcolm P.
name: Mair, Christine A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Stressors are theorized to be associated with higher allostatic load (AL), a concept of physiological wear measured as a composite of physical biomarkers. Risk of high AL may vary by gender and may be intensified in places with significant environmental risks, otherwise known as ‘environmental riskscapes’. Yet, no study has examined the relationship between stressors, gender, and allostatic load in an environmental riskscape. Using primary data collected in a sample (N=1072) exposed to various environmental and social stressors, we find that long-term residence in Texas City (more than 30 years), residential proximity to petrochemical plants, perceived poor neighborhood conditions, and daily hassles are associated with higher allostatic load components. Variation in AL differs by gender and the types of biomarkers examined. Gender moderates the effect of length of residence in Texas City on cardiovascular health risk. We discuss our findings in light of current research on stressors, gender, allostatic load, and double jeopardy within environmental riskscapes.
Raman fingerprint of semi-metal WTe2 from bulk to monolayer
Creators: name: Jiang, Yucheng
name: Gao, Ju
name: Wang, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tungsten ditelluride (WTe2), a layered transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD), has recently demonstrated an extremely large magnetoresistance effect, which is unique among TMDs. This fascinating feature seems to be correlated with its special electronic structure. Here, we report the observation of 6 Raman peaks corresponding to the A_2^4, A_1^9, A_1^8, A_1^6, A_1^5 and A_1^2 phonons, from the 33 Raman-active modes predicted for WTe2. This provides direct evidence to distinguish the space group of WTe2 from that of other TMDs. Moreover, the Raman evolution of WTe2 from bulk to monolayer is clearly revealed. It is interesting to find that the A_2^4 mode, centered at ~109.8 cm-1, is forbidden in a monolayer, which may be attributable to the transition of the point group from C2v (bulk) to C2h (monolayer). Our work characterizes all observed Raman peaks in the bulk and few-layer samples and provides a route to study the physical properties of two-dimensional WTe2.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures and 2 tables
An economic analysis of community-level fast food prices and individual-level fast food intake: A longitudinal study
Creators: name: Popkin, Barry M.
name: Guilkey, David K.
name: Gordon-Larsen, Penny
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: While dietary intake is shaped by cost, there is minimal research on the association between community-level food prices and dietary intake.
Measurement theory in local quantum physics
Creators: name: Okamura, Kazuya
name: Ozawa, Masanao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we aim to establish foundations of measurement theory in local quantum physics. For this purpose, we discuss a representation theory of completely positive (CP) instruments on arbitrary von Neumann algebras. We introduce a condition called the normal extension property (NEP) and establish a one-to-one correspondence between CP instruments with the NEP and statistical equivalence classes of measuring processes. We show that every CP instrument on an atomic von Neumann algebra has the NEP, extending the well-known result for type I factors. Moreover, we show that every CP instrument on an injective von Neumann algebra is approximated by CP instruments with the NEP. The concept of posterior states is also discussed to show that the NEP is equivalent to the existence of a strongly measurable family of posterior states for every normal state. Two examples of CP instruments without the NEP are obtained from this result. It is thus concluded that in local quantum physics not every CP instrument represents a measuring process, but in most of physically relevant cases every CP instrument can be realized by a measuring process within arbitrary error limits, as every approximately finite dimensional (AFD) von Neumann algebra on a separable Hilbert space is injective. To conclude the paper, the concept of local measurement in algebraic quantum field theory is examined in our framework. In the setting of the Doplicher-Haag-Roberts and Doplicher-Roberts (DHR-DR) theory describing local excitations, we show that an instrument on a local algebra can be extended to a local instrument on the global algebra if and only if it is a CP instrument with the NEP, provided that the split property holds for the net of local algebras.
description: v2: 24 pages; v3: 34 pages
Subleading harmonic flows in hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Mazeliauskas, Aleksas
name: Teaney, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a principal component analysis (PCA) of $v_3(p_T)$ in event-by-event hydrodynamic simulations of Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The PCA procedure identifies two dominant contributions to the two-particle correlation function, which together capture 99.9\% of the squared variance. We find that the subleading flow (which is the largest source of flow factorization breaking in hydrodynamics) is predominantly a response to the radial excitations of a third-order eccentricity. We present a systematic study of the hydrodynamic response to these radial excitations in 2+1D viscous hydrodynamics. Finally, we construct a good geometrical predictor for the orientation angle and magnitude of the leading and subleading flows using two Fourier modes of the initial geometry.
description: updated references, corrected typos, 12 pages, 14 figures
Do physical activity facilities near schools affect physical activity in high school girls?
Creators: name: Hibbert, James
name: Trilk, Jennifer L.
name: Pate, Russell R.
name: Pfeiffer, Karin A.
name: Dowda, Marsha
name: Porter, Dwayne E.
name: Ward, Dianne S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: To investigate associations between the number of physical activity facilities within walking distance of school and physical activity behavior in 12th grade girls during after-school hours.
Weak and strong moments of l_r-norms of log-concave vectors
Creators: name: Latała, Rafał
name: Strzelecka, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 60E15, Secondary: 46B09, 52A38

description: We show that for $p\geq 1$ and $r\geq 1$ the $p$-th moment of the $l_r$-norm of a log-concave random vector is comparable to the sum of the first moment and the weak $p$-th moment up to a constant proportional to $r$. This extends the previous result of Paouris concerning Euclidean norms.
description: 14 pages, proof modified to include the case r<2
Multicomponent fractional quantum Hall states with subband and spin degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Liu, Yang
name: Hasdemir, S.
name: Shabani, J.
name: Shayegan, M.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
name: Baldwin, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In wide GaAs quantum wells where two electric subbands are occupied we apply a parallel magnetic field or increase the electron density to cause a crossing of the two $N=0$ Landau levels of these subbands and with opposite spins. Near the crossing, the fractional quantum Hall states in the filling factor range $1
A Property Specification Pattern Catalog for Real-Time System Verification with UPPAAL
Creators: name: Vogel, Thomas
name: Carwehl, Marc
name: Rodrigues, Genaína Nunes
name: Grunske, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: The goal of specification pattern catalogs for real-time requirements is to mask the complexity of specifying such requirements in a timed temporal logic for verification. For this purpose, they provide frontends to express and translate pattern-based natural language requirements to formulae in a suitable logic. However, the widely used real-time model checking tool UPPAAL only supports a restricted subset of those formulae that focus only on basic and non-nested reachability, safety, and liveness properties. This restriction renders many specification patterns inapplicable. As a workaround, timed observer automata need to be constructed manually to express sophisticated requirements envisioned by these patterns. Objective: In this work, we fill these gaps by providing a comprehensive specification pattern catalog for UPPAAL. The catalog supports qualitative and real-time requirements and covers all corresponding patterns of existing catalogs. Method: The catalog we propose is integrated with UPPAAL. It supports the specification of qualitative and real-time requirements using patterns and provides an automated generator that translates these requirements to observer automata and TCTL formulae. The resulting artifacts are used for verifying systems in UPPAAL. Thus, our catalog enables an automated end-to-end verification process for UPPAAL based on property specification patterns and observer automata. Results: We evaluate our catalog on three UPPAAL system models reported in the literature and mostly applied in an industrial setting. As a result, not only the reproducibility of the related UPPAAL models was possible, but also the validation of an automated, seamless, and accurate pattern- and observer-based verification process. Conclusion: The proposed property specification pattern catalog for UPPAAL enables practitioners to specify qualitative and real-time requirements...
description: Accepted Manuscript
Murray's law revisited: Quémada's fluid model and fractal trees
Creators: name: Moreau, Baptiste
name: Mauroy, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 1926, Murray proposed the first law for the optimal design of blood vessels. He minimized the power dissipation arising from the trade-off between fluid circulation and blood maintenance. The law, based on a constant fluid viscosity, states that in the optimal configuration the fluid flow rate inside the vessel is proportional to the cube of the vessel radius, implying that wall shear stress is not dependent on the vessel radius. Murray's law has been found to be true in blood macrocirculation, but not in microcirculation. In 2005, Alarcón et al took into account the non monotonous dependence of viscosity on vessel radius - Fåhræus-Lindqvist effect - due to phase separation effect of blood. They were able to predict correctly the behavior of wall shear stresses in microcirculation. One last crucial step remains however: to account for the dependence of blood viscosity on shear rates. In this work, we investigate how viscosity dependence on shear rate affects Murray's law. We extended Murray's optimal design to the whole range of Quémada's fluids, that models pseudo-plastic fluids such as blood. Our study shows that Murray's original law is not restricted to Newtonian fluids, it is actually universal for all Quémada's fluid as long as there is no phase separation effect. When phase separation effect occurs, then we derive an extended version of Murray's law. Our analyses are very general and apply to most of fluids with shear dependent rheology. Finally, we study how these extended laws affect the optimal geometries of fractal trees to mimic an idealized arterial network.
Nematicity and quantum paramagnetism in FeSe
Creators: name: Wang, Fa
name: Kivelson, Steven A.
name: Lee, Dung-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In common with other iron-based high temperature superconductors, FeSe exhibits a transition to a ``nematic'' phase below 90Kelvin in which the crystal rotation symmetry is spontaneously broken. However, the absence of strong low-frequency magnetic fluctuations near or above the transition has been interpreted as implying the primacy of orbital ordering. In contrast, we establish that quantum fluctuations of spin-1 local moments with strongly frustrated exchange interactions can lead to a nematic quantum paramagnetic phase consistent with the observations in FeSe. We show that this phase is a fundamental expression of the existence of a Berry's phase associated with the topological defects of a Néel antiferromagnet, in a manner analogous to that which gives rise to valence bond crystal order for spin 1/2 systems. We present an exactly solvable model realizing the nematic quantum paramagnetic phase, discuss its relation with the spin-1 $J_1-J_2$ model, and construct a field theory of the Landau-forbidden transition between the Néel state and this nematic quantum paramagnet.
description: updated preprint, 25 pages, 14 figures
Neighborhood ethnic density and preterm birth across seven ethnic groups in New York City
Creators: name: Daniels, Julie L.
name: Mason, Susan M.
name: Emch, Michael E.
name: Savitz, David A.
name: Kaufman, Jay S.
name: Hogan, Vijaya K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Residential segregation limits non-white ethnic groups' access to white neighborhood resources, but may also reduce their exposure to discrimination and facilitate social support. We computed adjusted preterm birth risk differences (RDs) for seven ethnic groups comparing > 25% to ≤ 25% ethnic density neighborhoods using 1995–2003 New York City birth records and a spatial ethnic density measure. RDs ranged from −15.0 per 1000 (95% CI: −18.5, −11.4) for whites to 6.4 per 1000 (95% CI: 2.8, 9.9) for blacks, with Hispanic and Asian estimates falling in between but tending to be protective. Results suggest that ethnic density is uniquely harmful for non-Hispanic blacks.
Confronting recent AMS-02 positron fraction and Fermi-LAT Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background measurements with gravitino dark matter
Creators: name: Carquin, Edson
name: Diaz, Marco A.
name: Gomez-Vargas, German A.
name: Panes, Boris
name: Viaux, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent positron flux fraction measurements in cosmic-rays (CR) made by the AMS-02 satellite confirm and extends the evidence on the existence of a new (yet unknown) source of high energy positrons. To explain this excess, we use the gravitino of bilinear R-parity violating SUSY models as a decaying Dark Matter candidate, as the source of those high energy particles. Being a long lived weak-interacting and spin 3/2 particle, it offers several particularities which makes it an attractive candidate. We compute the electron, positron and $γ$-ray\ fluxes produced by each gravitino decay channel at the Earth. Combining the flux from the different decay modes we can fit AMS-02 measurements of the positron fraction, as well as the electron and positron fluxes, with a gravitino mass in the range $1-2$ TeV and lifetimes of $\sim 1.0-0.8\times 10^{26}$ s. . Then, we study the viability of these scenarios through their implications in $γ$-ray observations. We set limits on the gravitino lifetime using the Extragalactic $γ$-ray Background recently reported by the {\it Fermi}-LAT Collaboration and a state-of-the-art model of its known contributors. These limits exclude the gravitino parameter space which provides an acceptable explanation of the AMS-02 data. Therefore, we conclude that the gravitino of bilinear R-parity violating models is ruled out as the unique primary source of electrons and positrons needed to explain the rise in the positron fraction.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures. New version accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe. New plots improving presentation of results. Conclusions unchanged
AN OVERVIEW ON EMERGING WATER SCARCITY IN PAKISTAN, ITS CAUSES, IMPACTS AND REMEDIAL MEASURES
Creators: name: Khoso, Salim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 400513
subject: Water resources engineering

description: Apparently with two thirds of the earth’s surface covered by water, it is evidently clear that water is one of the most important elements responsible for life on earth. It is not only vital for sustenance of life, but equally essential for socio-economic development. Water is the unique gift of God and the basic requirement of life. Due to the high indulgence and exploitation of human being with nature, the global environment is changing every day. As a result the water resources are depleting gradually. The global fresh water shortage and food security issues related to the teeming billions of population necessitated the shifting of fresh water from agriculture to other more pressing uses. The country is facing the worst ever crises of water shortage for last many years, as water available for any given use has become increasingly scarce. The rapidly growing population, expanding of irrigation areas, and growing urban & Industrialization are putting more stresses on water resources. Therefore, building of more reservoirs and an effective management strategy are the needs of time. The problem of water shortage particular in Sindh is crucial as being the end user and lower riparian on the Indus basin irrigation system.
The socio-spatial neighborhood estimation method: An approach to operationalizing the neighborhood concept
Creators: name: Ju, Hyunsu
name: Eschbach, Karl
name: Goodwin, James S.
name: Cutchin, Malcolm P.
name: Mair, Christine A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The literature on neighborhoods and health highlights the difficulty of operationalizing "neighborhood" in a conceptually and empirically valid manner. Most studies, however, continue to define neighborhoods using less theoretically relevant boundaries, risking erroneous inferences from poor measurement. We review an innovative methodology to address this problem, called the socio-spatial neighborhood estimation method (SNEM). To estimate neighborhood boundaries, researchers used a theoretically informed combination of qualitative GIS and on-the-ground observations in Texas City, Texas. Using data from a large sample, we assessed the SNEM-generated neighborhood units by comparing intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and multi-level model parameter estimates of SNEM-based measures against those for census block groups and regular grid cells. ICCs and criterion-related validity evidence using SF-36 outcome measures indicate that the SNEM approach to operationalization could improve inferences based on neighborhoods and health research.
Wormholes in Horava gravity with cosmological constant
Creators: name: Bellorin, Jorge
name: Restuccia, Alvaro
name: Sotomayor, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining analytical and numerical methods we find that the solutions of the complete Horava theory with negative cosmological constant that satisfy the conditions of staticity, spherical symmetry and vanishing of the shift function are two kinds of geometry: (i) a wormhole-like solution with two sides joined by a throat and (ii) a single side with a naked singularity at the origin. We study the second-order effective action. We consider the case when the coupling constant of the (partial ln N)^2 term, which is the unique deviation from general relativity in the effective action, is small. At one side the wormhole acquires a kind of deformed AdS asymptotia and at the other side there is an asymptotic essential singularity. The deformation of AdS essentially means that the lapse function N diverges asymptotically a bit faster than AdS. This can also be interpreted as an anisotropic Lifshitz scaling that the solutions acquire asymptotically.
description: 30 pages, 7 figures. Version 3: Changes in presentation with the same results
Long-term trends in inflowing chlorophyll a and nutrients and their relation to dissolved oxygen in a large western reservoir
Creators: name: Naymik, Jesse
name: Larsen, Chris A.
name: Myers, Ralph
name: Hoovestol, Chuck
name: Gastelecutto, Nick
name: Bates, Dain
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Naymik J, Larsen CA, Myers R, Hoovestol C, Gastelecutto N, Bates D. 2023. Long-term trends in inflowing chlorophyll a and nutrients and their relation to dissolved oxygen in a large western reservoir. Lake Reserv Manage. XX:XXX–XXX. Anoxia in Brownlee Reservoir is one of the numerous water quality issues associated with eutrophic conditions in the Snake River as it flows through southern Idaho and parts of eastern Oregon. The states of Idaho and Oregon have developed total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) for multiple reaches of the Snake River and its tributaries upstream of Brownlee Reservoir intended to address poor water quality. Despite the emphasis on developing TMDLs throughout the Snake River and its tributaries, published long-term trend monitoring to evaluate the results of the TMDLs is lacking. Trends in Snake River concentrations and loads summarized using weighted regressions on time, discharge, and season show that combined efforts to improve water quality upstream of Brownlee Reservoir have realized decreasing trends in concentrations of chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and suspended solids (80%, 46%, and 61% reductions, respectively) from 1995 to 2021. Brownlee Reservoir, a large mainstem reservoir with short residence time, has responded quickly to inflowing reductions of chlorophyll a and total phosphorus. Since 2005, dissolved oxygen (DO) has improved in the reservoir, with a 33% reduction in the volume of the reservoir having DO less than 1 mg/L. This supports the primary premise of upstream TMDLs and demonstrates that inflowing water quality improvements are effective at improving in-reservoir dissolved oxygen.
Exploring walking differences by socioeconomic status using a spatial agent-based model
Creators: name: Diez Roux, Ana V.
name: Rodriguez, Daniel A.
name: Yang, Yong
name: Brown, Daniel G.
name: Auchincloss, Amy H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We use an exploratory agent-based model of adults’ walking behavior within a city to examine the possible impact of interventions on socioeconomic differences in walking. Simulated results show that for persons of low socioeconomic status, increases in walking resulting from increases in their positive attitude towards walking may diminish over time if other features of the environment are not conducive to walking. Similarly, improving the safety level for the lower SES neighborhoods may be effective in increasing walking, however, the magnitude of its effectiveness varies by levels of land use mix, such that effects of safety are greatest when persons live in areas with a large mix of uses.
Three-loop Correction to the Instanton Density. I. The Quartic Double Well Potential
Creators: name: Escobar-Ruiz, M. A.
name: Shuryak, E.
name: Turbiner, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with quantum fluctuations near the classical instanton configuration. Feynman diagrams in the instanton background are used for the calculation of the tunneling amplitude (the instanton density) in the three-loop order for quartic double-well potential. The result for the three-loop contribution coincides in six significant figures with one given long ago by J.~Zinn-Justin. Unlike the two-loop contribution where all involved Feynman integrals are rational numbers, in the three-loop case Feynman diagrams can contain irrational contributions.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, already published at Phys.Rev.D92 (2015) 025046, 089902(erratum), a post published version with tadpole diagrams redrawn to clearly mark the Jacobian source and misprint on 3-loop tadpole contribution on p.8 fixed
Ultrafast Image Retrieval from a Holographic Memory Disc for High-Speed Operation of a Shift, Scale, and Rotation Invariant Target Recognition System
Creators: name: Gamboa, Julian
name: Shen, Xi
name: Hamidfar, Tabassom
name: Shahriar, Selim M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The hybrid opto-electronic correlator (HOC) architecture has been shown to be able to detect matches in a shift, scale, and rotation invariant (SSRI) manner by incorporating a polar Mellin transform (PMT) pre-processing step. Here we demonstrate the design and use of a thick holographic memory disc (HMD) for high-speed SSRI correlation employing an HOC. The HMD was written to have 1,320 stored images, including both unprocessed images and their PMTs. We further propose and demonstrate a novel approach whereby the HOC inputs are spatially shifted to produce correlation signals without requiring stabilization of optical phases, yielding results that are in good agreement with the theory. Use of this approach vastly simplifies the design and operation of the HOC, while improving its stability significantly. Finally, a real-time opto-electronic PMT pre-processor utilizing an FPGA is proposed and prototyped, allowing for the automatic conversion of images into their PMTs without additional processing delay.
description: Conference
Out and about: Association of the built environment with physical activity behaviors of adolescent females
Creators: name: Pickrel, Julie L.
name: Evenson, Kelly R.
name: Veblen-Mortenson, Sara
name: Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie
name: Rodríguez, Daniel A.
name: Cho, Gi-Hyoug
name: Conway, Terry L.
name: Lytle, Leslie A.
name: Cohen, Deborah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Locational data, logged on portable GPS units and matched with accelerometer data, was used to examine associations of the built environment with physical activity and sedentary behaviors of adolescent females. In a sample of 293 adolescent females ages 15 to 18 years old in Minneapolis and San Diego, the built environment around each GPS point and its corresponding sedentary, light, and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity were examined using random intercept multinomial logistic regression models. The odds of higher physical activity intensity (3-level outcome: sedentary, light, MVPA) were higher in places with parks, schools, and high population density, during weekdays, and lower in places with more roads and food outlets. Understanding the places where physical activity and sedentary behaviors occur appears to be a promising strategy to clarify relationships and inform policy aimed at increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviors.
A Note on the Cross Gramian for Non-Symmetric Systems
Creators: name: Himpe, Christian
name: Ohlberger, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 93Bxx

description: The cross gramian matrix is a tool for model reduction and system identification, but it is only computable for square control systems. For symmetric systems the cross gramian possesses a useful relation to the system's associated Hankel singular values. Yet, many real-life models are neither square nor symmetric. In this work, concepts from decentralized control are used to approximate a cross gramian for non-symmetric and non-square systems. To illustrate this new non-symmetric cross gramian, it is applied in the context of model order reduction.
Population-environment drivers of H5N1 avian influenza molecular change in Vietnam
Creators: name: Wan, Xiu-Feng
name: Emch, Michael
name: Todd Jobe, R.
name: Carrel, Margaret A.
name: Nguyen, Tung
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This study identifies population and environment drivers of genetic change in H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIV) in Vietnam using a landscape genetics approach. While prior work has examined how combinations of local-level environmental variables influence H5N1 occurrence, this research expands the analysis to the complex genetic characteristics of H5N1 viruses. A dataset of 125 highly pathogenic H5N1 AIV isolated in Vietnam from 2003–2007 is used to explore which population and environment variables are correlated with increased genetic change among viruses. Results from non-parametric multidimensional scaling and regression analyses indicate that variables relating to both the environmental and social ecology of humans and birds in Vietnam interact to affect the genetic character of viruses. These findings suggest that it is a combination of suitable environments for species mixing, the presence of high numbers of potential hosts, and in particular the temporal characteristics of viral occurrence, that drive genetic change among H5N1 AIV in Vietnam.
Discrete land uses and transportation walking in two U.S. cities: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Diez Roux, Ana V.
name: Rodriguez, Daniel A.
name: Brines, Shannon J.
name: Hirsch, Jana A.
name: Moore, Kari A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This study examines associations of disaggregate land uses with self-reported walking for transportation among participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) in Forsyth County, NC and New York, NY. Network distance to each use (in miles), intensity (number of uses per ½-mile network buffer) of each use and diversity (number of different uses per ½-mile network buffer) of uses were calculated using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Associations with odds of meeting recommended physical activity levels (150 min/week) were examined after controlling for individual- and census-tract-level covariates. Greater distance to and lower intensity of pedestrian-oriented uses, specifically those for social interactions, were associated with lower odds of meeting recommendations in NY. Results suggest that land uses linked to social interactions may be useful for encouraging increased transportation walking.
MOESM3 of Impact of gender on post- traumatic intensive care and outcomes
Creators: name: Larsson, Emma
name: Ann-Charlotte Lindström
name: Eriksson, Mikael
name: Oldner, Anders
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Associations between baseline and injury characteristics and 1-year mortality, unadjusted and adjusted HR (95% CI).
Inferring Latent States and Refining Force Estimates via Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Modeling in Single Particle Tracking Experiments
Creators: name: Calderon, Christopher P.
name: Bloom, Kerry S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical microscopy provides rich spatio-temporal information characterizing in vivo molecular motion. However, effective forces and other parameters used to summarize molecular motion change over time in live cells due to latent state changes, e.g., changes induced by dynamic micro-environments, photobleaching, and other heterogeneity inherent in biological processes. This study focuses on techniques for analyzing Single Particle Tracking (SPT) data experiencing abrupt state changes. We demonstrate the approach on GFP tagged chromatids experiencing metaphase in yeast cells and probe the effective forces resulting from dynamic interactions that reflect the sum of a number of physical phenomena. State changes are induced by factors such as microtubule dynamics exerting force through the centromere, thermal polymer fluctuations, etc. Simulations are used to demonstrate the relevance of the approach in more general SPT data analyses. Refined force estimates are obtained by adopting and modifying a nonparametric Bayesian modeling technique, the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Switching Linear Dynamical System (HDP-SLDS), for SPT applications. The HDP-SLDS method shows promise in systematically identifying dynamical regime changes induced by unobserved state changes when the number of underlying states is unknown in advance (a common problem in SPT applications). We expand on the relevance of the HDP-SLDS approach, review the relevant background of Hierarchical Dirichlet Processes, show how to map discrete time HDP-SLDS models to classic SPT models, and discuss limitations of the approach. In addition, we demonstrate new computational techniques for tuning hyperparameters and for checking the statistical consistency of model assumptions directly against individual experimental trajectories; the techniques circumvent the need for "ground-truth" and subjective information.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures. Differs only typographically from PLoS One publication available freely as an open-access article at http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0137633
Perpetration of intimate partner violence by young adult males: The association with alcohol outlet density and drinking behavior
Creators: name: Iritani, Bonita J.
name: Moracco, Kathryn E.
name: Flewelling, Robert L.
name: Tucker Halpern, Carolyn
name: Waller, Martha W.
name: Christ, Sharon L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This study examined the association between alcohol outlet density and male to female intimate partner violence (IPV).
Fast Neutron Spectroscopy with a High-pressure Nitrogen-filled Large Volume Spherical Proportional Counter
Creators: name: Giomataris, I.
name: Katsioulas, I.
name: Knights, P.
name: Manthos, I.
name: Matthews, J.
name: Neep, T.
name: Nikolopoulos, K.
name: Papaevangelou, T.
name: Phoenix, B.
name: Ward, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a fast neutron spectroscopy system based on a nitrogen-filled, large volume gaseous detector, the Spherical Proportional Counter. The system has been successfully operated up to gas pressure of 1.5 bar. Neutron energy is estimated through measurement of the 14N(n,a)11B and 14N(n,p)14C reaction products. These reactions have comparable cross sections and Q-values with the 3He(n,p)3H reaction making nitrogen a good alternative to 3He use for fast neutron detection. Two detectors were built at the University of Birmingham and are currently used for the measurement of fast and thermal neutrons in the University of Birmingham and the Boulby underground laboratory, respectively.
description: 3 pages, 6 Figures
Dynamics of Gender Bias in Computing
Creators: name: Misa, Thomas J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.1; K.2; K.4.2

description: Gender bias in computing is a hard problem that has resisted decades of research. One obstacle has been the absence of systematic data that might indicate when gender bias emerged in computing and how it has changed. This article presents a new dataset (N=50,000) focusing on formative years of computing as a profession (1950-1980) when U.S. government workforce statistics are thin or non-existent. This longitudinal dataset, based on archival records from six computer user groups (SHARE, USE, and others) and ACM conference attendees and membership rosters, revises commonly held conjectures that gender bias in computing emerged during professionalization of computer science in the 1960s or 1970s and that there was a 'linear' one-time onset of gender bias to the present. Such a linear view also lent support to the "pipeline" model of computing's "losing" women at successive career stages. Instead, this dataset reveals three distinct periods of gender bias in computing and so invites temporally distinct explanations for these changing dynamics. It significantly revises both scholarly assessment and popular understanding about gender bias in computing. It also draws attention to diversity within computing. One consequence of this research for CS reform efforts today is data-driven recognition that legacies of gender bias beginning in the mid-1980s (not in earlier decades) is the problem. A second consequence is correcting the public image of computer science: this research shows that gender bias is a contingent aspect of professional computing, not an intrinsic or permanent one.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
SIRDARYO VILOYATI QISHLOQ XO'JALIGINING HUDUDIY TARKIBI VA UNING MAMLAKAT IQTISODIYOTIDAGI AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: O'ng'arov, H.G'.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Jahon qishloq xo'jaligi bozor sharoitlariga tobora ko'proq qaram bo'lib bormoqda, holbuki ilgari u asosan proteksionistik siyosat ta'sirida rivojlangan. Shunday qilib, rivojlanayotgan mamlakatlar oziq-ovqatga bo'lgan talabning ortib borayotgani, ishlab chiqarishning o'sish salohiyati va ko'plab jahon bozorlarida qiyosiy ustunliklarini hisobga olgan holda, endilikda sarmoyadan foydalanish va iqtisodiy foyda olish imkoniyatiga ega.
Homological invariants in category O for the general linear superalgebra
Creators: name: Coulembier, Kevin
name: Serganova, Vera
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17B10, 16E30, 17B55

description: We study three related homological properties of modules in the BGG category O for basic classical Lie superalgebras, with specific focus on the general linear superalgebra. These are the projective dimension, associated variety and complexity. We demonstrate connections between projective dimension and singularity of modules and blocks. Similarly we investigate the connection between complexity and atypicality. This creates concrete tools to describe singularity and atypicality as homological, and hence categorical, properties of a block. However, we also demonstrate how two integral blocks in category O with identical global categorical characteristics of singularity and atypicality will generally still be inequivalent. This principle implies that category O for gl(m|n) can contain infinitely many non-equivalent blocks, which we work out explicitly for gl(3|1). All of this is in sharp contrast with category O for Lie algebras, but also with the category of finite dimensional modules for superalgebras. Furthermore we characterise modules with finite projective dimension to be those with trivial associated variety. We also study the associated variety of Verma modules. To do this, we also classify the orbits in the cone of self-commuting odd elements under the action of an even Borel subgroup.
Correlation function for generalized Pólya urns: Finite-size scaling analysis
Creators: name: Mori, Shintaro
name: Hisakado, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a universality class of the transitions of a generalized Pólya urn by studying the asymptotic behavior of the normalized correlation function $C(t)$ using finite-size scaling analysis. $X(1),X(2),\cdots$ are the successive additions of a red (blue) ball [$X(t)=1\,(0)$] at stage $t$ and $C(t)\equiv \mbox{Cov}(X(1),X(t+1))/\mbox{Var}(X(1))$. Furthermore, $z(t)=\sum_{s=1}^{t}X(s)/t$ represents the successive proportions of red balls in an urn to which, at the $t+1$-th stage, a red ball is added, [$X(t+1)=1$], with probability $q(z(t))=(\tanh [J(2z(t)-1)+h]+1)/2,J\ge 0$, and a blue ball is added, [$X(t)=0$], with probability $1-q(z(t))$. A boundary $(J_{c}(h),h)$ exists in the $(J,h)$ plane between a region with one fixed point and another region with two stable fixed points for $q(z)$. $C(t) \sim c+a\cdot t^{l-1}$ with $c=0\,(>0)$ for $JJ_{c})$, and $l$ is the (larger) value of the slope(s) of $q(z)$ at the stable fixed point(s). On the boundary $J=J_{c}(h)$, $C(t)\simeq c+a\cdot \log(t)^{-α'}$ and $c=0\,(c>0), α'=0.5\,(1.0)$ for $h=0\,(h\neq 0)$. The system shows a continuous phase transition for $h=0$ and $C(t)$ behaves as $C(t)\simeq t^{-α'}g((1-l)\log t)$ with an universal function $g(x)$ and a length scale $1/(1-l)$ with respect to $\log t$. $β=ν_{||}\cdot α'$ holds with critical exponent $β=1/2$ and $ν_{||}=1$.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
Social and spatial processes associated with childhood diarrheal disease in Matlab, Bangladesh
Creators: name: Perez-Heydrich, Carolina
name: Emch, Michael
name: Streatfield, Peter Kim
name: Winston, Jennifer J.
name: Giebultowicz, Sophia
name: Yunus, Mohammad
name: Furgurson, Jill M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: We develop novel methods for conceptualizing geographic space and social networks to evaluate their respective and combined contributions to childhood diarrheal incidence. After defining maternal networks according to direct familial linkages between females, and road networks using satellite imagery of the study area, we use a spatial econometrics model to evaluate the significance of correlation terms relating childhood diarrheal incidence to the incidence observed within respective networks. Disease was significantly clustered within road networks across time, but only inconsistently correlated within maternal networks. These methods could be widely applied to systems in which both social and spatial processes jointly influence health outcomes.
Strategy to Construct Exact Solutions in Einstein-Scalar Gravities
Creators: name: Wen, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we propose a new efficient strategy to construct exact solutions of Einstein gravities with a minimally coupled self-interacting scalar field. The strategy is to use the symmetry of the equations of motion (EOMs) to give a proper ansatz for scalar field first, then derive the metric and the corresponding scalar potential later. Using this strategy we give a simple example of constructing exact circular solutions in three dimensional gravities, these solutions contain the HMTZ black holes as a special case and some other new solutions. We also talk about thermodynamics of these exact solutions. This strategy also works for other metrics and in higher dimensional spacetime if their EOMs admit a scalar invariance.
description: Typos fixed, more solutions added including some hairy solitons in three dimensions and hairy black holes in higher dimensions
The first-passage time of the Brownian motion to a curved boundary: an algorithmic approach
Creators: name: Herrmann, Samuel
name: Tanré, Etienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65C05, 65N75, 60G40

description: Under some weak conditions, the first-passage time of the Brownian motion to a continuous curved boundary is an almost surely finite stopping time. Its probability density function (pdf) is explicitly known only in few particular cases. Several mathematical studies proposed to approximate the pdf in a quite general framework or even to simulate this hitting time using a discrete time approximation of the Brownian motion. The authors study a new algorithm which permits to simulate the first-passage time using an iterating procedure. The convergence rate presented in this paper suggests that the method is very efficient.