cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Golden Rules for Transboundary Pollution
Creators: Merrill, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: International law
subject: Environmental law
subject: Transboundary pollution--Law and legislation
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Article asks why regulation of transboundary pollution remains so underdeveloped in a world where environmental policy in general is becoming increasingly centralized. In Part I, I canvass in greater detail the disparity between official norms and legal reality in the regulation of transboundary pollution. In Part II, I ask whether certain structural features common to transboundary pollution disputes account for this failure. In Part III, I consider the additional possibility that the failure of transboundary pollution regulation is partly a function of the official legal norm of strict liability that supposedly governs these disputes. In Part IV, I return to the original jurisdiction decisions rendered by the United States Supreme Court in the first three decades of this century. In Part V, I will advance some reasons why such a golden rule, operating in tandem with another golden rule that would require source states to treat affected states as well as the source state treats its own citizens, provides a more satisfactory starting point for overcoming the structural barriers to the effective regulation of transboundary pollution. I do not claim that the golden rules offer a panacea for transboundary pollution. The very real structural obstacles to effective regulation discussed in Part II will continue to frustrate most proposals for collective action. Furthermore, there are circumstances in which the golden rules would not improve upon strict liability-for example, where the polluting activity is novel and has not given rise to any tradition of regulation in either state. My contention is more modest and comparative: the golden rules, with their appeal to a general standard of reciprocity, provide a better foundation for building a consensus for meaningful regulation of transboundary pollution than does the current assumption in favor of a universal norm of strict liability.
ehp.108-a402.pdf
Creators: name: Woolard, Susan
name: Pellerin, Cheryl
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Chromium has been used commercially in the United States for more than 100 years in metal alloys and other compounds, as a pigment, and in the tanning and metal plating industries, and many studies have looked at its effects in terms of occupational health. But, although scientists know that Cr(VI) is a human carcinogen and that it can cause other deleterious health effects including kidney and liver damage, certain questions remain about the metal's effects, such as which routes of exposures are dangerous for humans.
Removal of Chromium from Aqueous Solution by Thermally Treated Mgal Layered Double Hydroxide
Creators: name: Enkhtur Otgonjargal
name: Byambasuren Nyamsuren
name: Enkhtuul Surenjav
name: Gunchin Burmaa
name: Jadambaa Temuujin
name: Dashkhuu Khasbaatar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 129999 Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: MgAl based layered double hydroxide (MgAl-LDH) was used as adsorbent for the removal of chromium oxyanion from an aqueous solution. MgAl-LDH was synthesized successfully using co-precipitation method, and was characterized by X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). MgAl-LDH was thermally treated for improving the chromium adsorption. Samples were treated at 220°C and 450°C. A negligible difference of total chromium adsorption capacities was observed between MgAl-LDH000 and MgAl-LDH220 as 12.56 mg/g and 11.01 mg/g. The maximum chromium adsorption capacity of MgAl-LDH was 88.07 mg/g at 500g/l chromium concentration for MgAl-LDH which has been thermally treated at 450°C (MgAl-LDH450). The results indicated that memory effects of thermally treated MgAl-LDH at certain temperatures were retained and enhanced chromium removal efficiency.
Twitter y la enseñanza del español como segunda lengua
Creators: name: Muñoz, Roberto Cuadros-
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200308 Iberian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: El presente trabajo describe en primer lugar el servicio de microblogging Twitter para ahondar a continuación en las posibilidades que ofrece esta red social en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera y los beneficios que puede aportar a los docentes tanto en la construcción de entornos personales de aprendizaje como en la incorporación de la herramienta al aula de Español como Lengua Extranjera (ELE).
"Lo único (que)": un incipiente marcador discursivo
Creators: name: Muñoz, Roberto Cuadros-
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200308 Iberian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Desde la teoría de la gramaticalización, este trabajo se propone explicar cómo se ha producido en español actual la constitución de la locución lo único (que) como marcador discursivo, en concreto conector contraargumentativo que incluso puede llegar a otra fase de pura ilación discursiva. Se concluye que este recién nacido conector: a) no se ha derivado simplemente de elipsis de construcciones de carácter ecuacional-existencial-enfático ("lo único que pasa/sucede/ocurre es que"), sino que en su formación ha influido decisivamente un refuerzo del contenido discursivo de carácter contraargumentativo; b) se documenta desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX, a menudo en intercambios comunicativos coloquiales o que mimetizan la coloquialidad en la escritura; y c) puede desplazarse sin dificultad a la conexión puramente ilativa, sobre todo en la forma acortada, sin el elemento "que".
Gwayakotam, She Finds out the Truth
Creators: Steele, Shanese Indoowaaboo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Human rights
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous youth
Indigenous peoples--Ethnic identity
Identity (Psychology)

description: How can I identify as an Aboriginal woman if I don't look like one? If I’m only a small percentage in the eyes of others? How do I have the right? It’s the same question I asked myself when I identified with my Latina heritage, with my white heritage. I mean I am French and Irish, I am Venezuelan, I am Cree, Ojibwa and Métis as much as I am Trinidadian, and yet I always feel like I’m a fraud. Although I look black, I don't feel black enough to identify as black. Although I can pass as Latina, I don't feel as if I’m enough. Although I know so much about my Aboriginal culture and I do identify as Aboriginal, I never feel like it's enough. And although I have a rich French and Irish heritage, because I don't look “white” I feel like I will never be enough to identify. So I guess the question I am left with is: will I ever be enough? And are myself and my friend the only multiracial people that feel this way?
Aprendizaje informal y construcción de PLN vía twitter. Un estudio de caso
Creators: name: Muñoz, Roberto Cuadros-
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200308 Iberian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Este trabajo plantea cómo los seguidores de una cuenta de Twitter de carácter corporativo e interdisciplinar sobre la competencia lectora (@ComprensLectora), construyen sus propias redes personales de aprendizaje (PLN), siguiendo un aprendizaje informal. Comprobamos cómo las listas, retuits y las características particulares de la interacción, dinamizan y flexibilizan dicho aprendizaje, que se expande con blogs, webs y conexiones sociales.
Guatemala: Today for the First Time in 500 Years We Have the Opportunity to Put Perpetrators of Genocide on Trial
Creators: Center for Legal Action in Human Rights (CALDH)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Civil War (Guatemala : 1960-1996)
Trials (Genocide)
Human rights
Mayas
Latin Americans

description: To understand the genocide in Guatemala, it is necessary to know who the Mayan People are and what their history in the country has been. Below is a presentation of their economic, social and cultural reality, which will allow for a better understanding of the Internal Armed Conflict and the conviction for genocide of the former dictator José Efraín Ríos Montt.
Sepan quantos este privilegio vieren : observaciones sobre el paradigma demostrativo de primera persona en la documentación diplomática medieval
Creators: name: Muñoz, Roberto Cuadros-
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200308 Iberian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Este trabajo, enmarcado en el estudio de la cohesión discursiva en el periodo medieval, aspira a explicar los mecanismos deícticos del paradigma demostrativo este en documentos notariales de los siglos XIII-XV. Se demuestra que : a) se emplea según las pautas mnemotécnicas de cada escriba ; b) su aparición está condicionada por restricciones léxicas de unos pocos sustantivos, auténticas colocaciones léxicas ; c) aunque este compita con elementos fóricos como derivados participiales como dicho o relativos en función adjetiva, no se produce su completa sustitución, pues en realidad la situación es más bien de amalgama o neutralización, una verdadera macrofunción fórica ; d) el predominio de este en los documentos latino-vulgares sólo es relativo; en ellos, el relativo paratáctico - mostrativo y fórico -, ofrece ocasionalmente traduccióndemostrativa, y e) a un nivel más profundo, que se deduce de lo expuesto en el trabajo, la autonomía del texto notarial revela amplios valores deíctico-situacionales, constantes en el periodo estudiado.
Handbook on Investment Promotion in Medium-size, Low-Budget Cities in Emerging Markets
Creators: Millennium Cities Initiative
Vale Columbia Center on Sustainable International Investment
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance
Business

description: This handbook is meant to be a practical tool intended to assist under-resourced cities in increasing investment and, in particular, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI). At the same time, policy makers in city administrations and at the national level should also benefit from recommendations made in this handbook, as recommendations made in it can help in determining city development strategies and making decisions on budget allocations. This handbook is tailored to medium-size cities with limited resources and little experience in attracting investment and establishing an investment promotion agency.
Handout: Academic Journals - Evaluation, Selection, and Author Rights
Creators: Wilson, Michelle E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Library research
Scholarly publishing
Open access publishing
Digital humanities
Academic libraries

description: This handout break downs the process of finding, evaluating, and selecting an appropriate journal for publishing your work. It also recommends some considerations when signing an author contract and considering your future rights to reuse and archive your work.
title: Recognition-Mediated Assembly of Quantum Dot Polymer Conjugates with Controlled Morphology
Creators: name: Nandwana, Vikas
name: Subramani, Chandramouleeswaran
name: Eymur, Serkan
name: Yeh, Yi-Cheun
name: Tonga, Gulen Yesilbag
name: Tonga, Murat
name: Jeong, Youngdo
name: Yang, Boqian
name: Barnes, Michael D.
name: Cooke, Graeme
name: Rotello, Vincent M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: molecular recognition
subject: nanoparticles
subject: hydrogen bonding
subject: self-assembly
subject: nanocomposites
subject: quantum dots

description: We have demonstrated a polymer mediated “bricks and mortar” method for the self-assembly of quantum dots (QDs). This strategy allows QDs to self-assemble into structured aggregates using complementary three-point hydrogen bonding. The resulting nanocomposites have distinct morphologies and inter-particle distances based on the ratio between QDs and polymer. Time resolved photoluminescence measurements showed that the optical properties of the QDs were retained after self-assembly.
Twitter en la enseñanza y aprendizaje del español
Creators: name: Muñoz, Roberto Cuadros-
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200308 Iberian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Excepción hecha (quizá) de Facebook, Twitter es la red social que más impacto ha tenido en la sociedad digital, y la que más probabilidades de crecimiento parece ofrecer a tenor tanto del desarrollo de la propia red como de los nuevos soportes y dispositivos móviles que comienzan a popularizarse partir de la segunda década del siglo XXI. En este sentido se hacía necesaria una obra que sistematizara, revisara y ampliara diferentes aproximaciones marginales que sobre la cuestión se habían llevado a cabo en congresos, artículos y trabajos de fin de máster. Por ello, la obra colectiva que se presenta aquí persigue un triple objetivo: a) indagar en las aplicaciones de la red social Twitter a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de segundas lenguas en general y en español en particular, b) reunir una colección de artículos en los que se aborde el tema desde diversas ópticas y dimensiones y c) crear, editar y difundir el resultado mediante la publicación de un monográfico.
Verzeichnis der Perodika.
Creators: name: Bednarczuk, Monika
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014

description: In: Ulrich Schmid / Isabelle Vonlanthen / Sabina Schaffner (Hg.): Schwert, Kreuz und Adler Die Ästhetik des nationalistischen Diskurses in Polen (1926−1939). Harrassowitz: Wiesbaden 2014, 443–467.
Separata Cuadros (1).pdf
Creators: name: Muñoz, Roberto Cuadros-
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200308 Iberian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Artículo que analiza el paradigma demostrativo en documentación diplomática del Siglo de Oro desde una aproximación desde el corpus "codea".
New draft item
Creators: name: Muñoz, Roberto Cuadros-
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 200308 Iberian Languages
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Excepción hecha (quizá) de Facebook, Twitter es la red social que más impacto ha tenido en la sociedad digital, y la que más probabilidades de crecimiento parece ofrecer a tenor tanto del desarrollo de la propia red como de los nuevos soportes y dispositivos móviles que comienzan a popularizarse partir de la segunda década del siglo XXI. En este sentido se hacía necesaria una obra que sistematizara, revisara y ampliara diferentes aproximaciones marginales que sobre la cuestión se habían llevado a cabo en congresos, artículos y trabajos de fin de máster. Por ello, la obra colectiva que se presenta aquí persigue un triple objetivo: a) indagar en las aplicaciones de la red social Twitter a la enseñanza y aprendizaje de segundas lenguas en general y en español en particular, b) reunir una colección de artículos en los que se aborde el tema desde diversas ópticas y dimensiones y c) crear, editar y difundir el resultado mediante la publicación de un monográfico.
Essays on entrepreneurial failure: a subjective career perspective
Creators: name: Crews, Marcus
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Failure is widely regarded as the most probable outcome of a given attempt to start and manage a new organization. This observation has been established using traditional approaches to defining and measuring entrepreneurial failure which rely primarily on objective, firm-level performance criteria (e.g., firm financial performance). How might our understanding of failure change if we consider it from the entrepreneur’s perspective?In “Shades of Gray: A Conceptual and Measurement Framework of Entrepreneurial Failure from a Subjective Career Perspective,” I conduct an integrative literature review and identify the criterion problem – how to conceptualize and measure performance – as underlying the definitional issues, level specification concerns, and measurement challenges in entrepreneurial failure research. Integrating subjective career success theory and research on mental accounting, I develop a novel theoretical and measurement framework of entrepreneurial failure. The study contributes to the cognitive and career perspectives in entrepreneurship, respectively, by specifying the cognitive content (evaluative domains, evaluative criteria) and cognitive processes (hedonic editing) involved in subjective performance assessments.In “Looking Back: A Retrospective Narrative Analysis of Entrepreneurs’ Failure Experiences,” I examine entrepreneurs’ autobiographical accounts of failure. Results indicate entrepreneurs evaluate career experiences using a wide array of financial, operational, psychological, and social factors, but environmental impact considerations are absent. Findings suggest the Entrepreneurial Failure Index (EFI) is appropriate for representing the criteria entrepreneurs use when subjectively evaluating performance. Lastly, in “Rise of the Phoenix? How Entrepreneurs’ Subjective Assessment of a Venture Experience, Business Failure Stigma, and Psychological Capital Affect Post-failure Reentry Intentions and Behavior,” I examine how a prior failure experience influences entrepreneurs’ reentry intentions and behavior. Testing hypotheses with hierarchical binary logistic regression, hierarchical linear regression, and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression models, I find the likelihood of developing reentry intentions and engaging in reentry varies as a function of the unit of analysis at which failure is measured and by the type of performance indicator used (subjective vs. objective). These relationships are moderated by levels of business failure stigma and the entrepreneur’s psychological capital. Collectively, the dissertation contributes to the literature by developing and applying a novel subjectivist theoretical framework of entrepreneurial failure.
Handout: Making Data F.A.I.R.
Creators: Kratcha, Kae Bara
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Library research
Academic libraries
Research--Data processing
Numerical analysis--Data processing
Spatial analysis (Statistics)--Data processing
Criticism, Textual--Data processing

description: This handout outlines the F.A.I.R Data Principles and also provides examples on how they can be applied in different research contexts.
Environmental education perspective in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: An Analysis
Creators: name: Hua, Ang Kean
name: OWI WEI PING
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 130199 Education systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 140205 Environment and Resource Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Geography

description: Educations become an important asset of future development and management in Malaysia. Promoting pure science and mathematics subject are compulsory to credits for certificates, but failed to concern in environmental perspectives. This research study conducted to investigate student's knowledge perception of attitude towards environmental water resources. Collecting data involve quantitative approach with questionnaire methods. Sampling area is concentrate only one of the cluster school in Kuala Lumpur. Sampling size is targeted for 100 respondents that randomly selected in lower secondary school (Form 3 students) with good, moderate and poor classes, which select only 30 students in each class. Analysis used in this study is descriptive and correlation analysis. Results indicates polluted water led to disease grow and cause death to aquatic animals especially fish. Eventually, fish species become extinction and cause food shortage. 'Disappearance' of fish species in food chain may impact the energy flow through nature recycle in food chain to create global warming. Next, although water pollution less affected on soil nutrient quality, but it resulting the water resources include freshwater to become shortage. Therefore, problems and issues in environmental water resources are controllable and manageable if students are exposed earlier on the importance and priorities to protect, to love, to conserve and preserve the environmental nature especially the water resources. Conclusion, environmental subject become an important platform to create awareness in the students from continue 'destruct' the environment when they become leader in future.
Handout: Institutional Review Board (IRB) - Getting Started
Creators: Kratcha, Kae Bara
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Library research
Academic libraries
Research--Data processing
Numerical analysis--Data processing
Spatial analysis (Statistics)--Data processing
Criticism, Textual--Data processing

description: This handout provides an overview of the IRB process and guidance on how to get started with the IRB review at Columbia.
THE SUBJECT AND OBJECTIVES OF THE SCIENCE OF BIOPHYSICS
Creators: name: Aliyeva, Zuhra
name: Yakubova, Zilola
name: Husanova, Taximina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Biophysics as a biomedical science that studies the mechanisms of physical and physico-chemical processes in biological systems. The place of biophysics among the fundamental biological and medical disciplines, the connection with biological and medical sciences. A brief historical sketch of the development of biophysics. Methods and directions of modern biophysics.
DEMOCRACY AND MERCOSUR PARLIAMENT
Creators: name: Gomes, Eduardo Biacchi
name: ALINE FERREIRA MONTENEGRO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The Mercosur's Parliament represents a democratic progress of the integrationprocess. Although is possible to contest the option adopted by the states, to amendthe bloc's institutional structure and insert a parliament, albeit with eminently advisory,this initiative is a step to consolidate the democratic process of the MERCOSUR, sincethe Parlasur is characterized as a way to develop the integration between civil societyand the MERCOSUR bodies, in order to reduce the democratic deficit. Regionalintegration policies and democracy must walk together into the MERCOSUR, and fromthis fact is that the article makes the approach proposed here.
Investigation of aerosol and gas emissions from a coal-fired power plant under various operating conditions
Creators: name: Li, Zhichao
name: Wang, Yang
name: Lu, Yongqi
name: Biswas, Pratim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The concentrations of fine particles and selected gas pollutants in the flue gas entering the stack were measured under several common operation modes in an operating coal power plant producing electricity. Particle size distributions in a diameter range from 10 nm to 20 μm were measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS), and the flue gas temperature and concentrations of CO2 and SO2 were monitored by a continuous emission monitoring system (CEMS). During the test campaign, five plant operating modes were studied: soot blowing, bypass of flue-gas desulfurization (FGD), reheat burner operating at 0% (turned off), 27%, and 42% (normal condition) of its full capacity. For wet and dry aerosols, the measured mode sizes were both around 40 nm, but remarkable differences were observed in the number concentrations (#/cm3, count per square centimeter). A prototype photoionizer enhanced electrostatic precipitator (ESP) showed improved removal efficiency of wet particles at voltages above +11.0 kV. Soot blowing and FGD bypass both increased the total particle number concentration in the flue gas. The temperature was slightly increased by the FGD bypass mode and varied significantly as the rating of reheat burner changed. The variations of CO2 and SO2 emissions showed correlations with the trend of total particle number concentration possibly due to the transitions between gas and particle phases. The results are useful in developing coal-fired power plant operation strategies to control fine particle emissions and developing amine-based CO2 capture technologies without operating and environmental concerns associated with volatile amine emissions. Implications: The measurement of the fine particle size distributions in the exhaust gas under several common operating conditions of a coal-fired power plant revealed different response relations between aerosol number concentration and the operating condition. A photo-ionizer enhanced ESP was demonstrated to capture fine particles with higher efficiency compared to conventional ESPs, and the removal efficiency increased with the applied voltage. The characteristic information of aerosols and main gaseous pollutants in the exhaust gas is extremely important for developing and deploying CO2 scrubbers, whose amine emissions and operating effectiveness depends greatly on the upstream concentrations of fine particles, SO2, from the power plant.
Dal diritto d'autore al controllo dei dati
Creators: name: Caso, Roberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Diritto d'autore
Proprietà intellettuale
Opera dell'ingegno
Creatività
Dati
Datismo
Intelligenza artificiale

description: La presentazione contiene una lezione introduttiva sul diritto d'autore. Descrive in sintesi la parabola che conduce dal diritto d'autore al controllo dei dati.
DESTINY OF MANKIND AS A FATALITY: ECOLOGICAL CRISIS AS A DESECRATION OF LIVING ON EARTH
Creators: name: ANDERSON VICHINKESKI TEIXEIRA
name: BRUNO COZZA SARAIVA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article aims to discuss the philosophical crisis that affects so-called Social Man, concentrating the focus on its developments concerning the formation of the contemporary ecological crisis. It will also deal with the current stage of this ecological crisis as a result of the desecration of living on Earth. Finally, it will address the idea of a destiny of mankind as a fatality due to the progressive and supposedly irreversible environmental catastrophizing process.
Harmonising Subnational Boundaries
Creators: Center for International Earth Science Information Network
Flowminder Foundation
United Nations Population Fund
WorldPop, University of Southampton
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Geospatial data
Human settlements
Sustainable development
Economic development

description: “Harmonising Subnational Boundaries” discusses GRID3’s work to support the harmonisation, production, and use of digitised legal/administrative units, operational units, and statistical areas. GRID3’s boundaries work has three primary areas of focus: improving and harmonising operational units; fostering improved collaboration on boundary harmonisation among disparate government bodies; and using boundaries harmonisation to support census efforts. The paper focuses on case studies in Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia. GRID3 works with countries to generate, validate and use geospatial data on population, settlements, infrastructure, and subnational boundaries. For more information, see https://grid3.org/. Keywords: administrative units; census; community health workers; digital boundaries; emergency operations; enumeration area; GIS; gridded population data; harmonisation; health catchment; microplan; operational units; points of interest; pre-enumeration area; routine operations; semi-automated delineation; settlement; settlement layer; settlement mapping; statistical areas; statistical infrastructure; subnational boundaries; sustainable development; GRID3; health zones; participatory mapping; vaccination; immunisation; CIESIN; UNFPA; Flowminder; WorldPop; polio
WEIGHING OF MASS AND DISTANCE MEASUREMENT BY OBJECTS IN PHENOMENON OF GRAVITATION
Creators: name: Nigam, Swati
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: General Relativity
Quantum Mechanics

description: We should try and analyse by what means or method any matter entity weighs the mass of every other matter entity in its vicinity? By what method it measures the distance between itself and any other material object? Distance measurement on each instance with so much precision is another matter of detailing. Furthermore, we should also try to understand by what approach any matter entity weighs its own mass? Is it self-aware? All these quantitative measures are to be taken into consideration for the execution of the universal law of gravitation.
Responses of Active Ammonia Oxidizers to Eutrophication and Oxygen Statuses in Taihu Freshwater Sediments
Creators: name: Wu, Ling
name: Han, Cheng
name: Qin, Hongyi
name: Zhu, Guangwei
name: Zhong, Wenhui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Here, we employed DNA-based stable isotope probing (SIP) and molecular biology methods to investigate active ammonia oxidizer communities in suboxic sediments (0 to –2 cm) at the micromolar oxygen level and layers (–2 to –5 cm) at nanomolar oxygen concentrations from meso-eutrophic and light-eutrophic locations in Taihu Lake. The results revealed that ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) were less active in the anoxic layer of meso-eutrophic sites, while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) were less active in suboxic sediments of light-eutrophic sites after 8 weeks of incubation. The active AOA in the meso- and light-eutrophic sediments belonged to the Nitrosopumilus, Nitrosotalea, and Nitrososphaera clusters and the Nitrosopumilus and Nitrososphaera clusters, respectively, with Nitrosopumilus cluster as the predominant AOA, which took up a higher ratio in the light-eutrophic and suboxic layers than their counterparts. The advantageous active AOB were numerically predominated by the Nitrosomonas cluster in the suboxic layers, and the Nitrosospira cluster in the anoxic layers, respectively, both of which were distributed in diverse frequencies in different eutrophication statuses. The role and community composition diversities of active ammonia oxidizers in freshwater sediments were attributed to the different eutrophication (including nitrogen and organic carbon content) and oxygen statuses.
Heavy Rain-producing Terrestrial Low-Pressure Systems Over East Asian Summer Monsoon Region: Evolution, Energetics, and Trend
Creators: You, Yujia
Ting, Mingfang
Camargo, Suzana J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cyclones
Monsoons
Rain and rainfall

description: The synoptic low pressure systems (LPSs) formed over the downwind side of the Tibetan Plateau explain a substantial portion of summer rainfall extremes along their paths. Recent studies have found that the total extreme rainfall trend over the East Asian landmass, which features the “south flood–north drought” pattern, can be understood to a great extent by the changes in terrestrial LPSs. Yet, the energy sources fueling these storms and the environmental drivers of their long-term trends remain unclear. Utilizing a probabilistic clustering method, three clusters of terrestrial LPS tracks for the period 1979–2018 are identified. Besides the differences in trajectories that distinguish the clusters into northeastward-migrating and quasi-stationary types, prominent intercluster differences are found in the LPS evolution, energetics, and trends. The Lorenz energetics suggest that while condensational heating is indispensable for all three clusters, the migratory type, which has greater intensity and faster development, is more closely tied to baroclinicity. Nonetheless, the summer baroclinicity alone is not enough to sustain these LPSs as these storms dissipate quickly after propagating out of the humid monsoon region and into the drier extratropics. Over time, occurrences of migratory LPSs decrease, and those of quasi-stationary LPSs increase. Using a Poisson model that links the LPS genesis to local environmental conditions, the decreasing occurrence of migratory LPSs is shown to result from the weakened baroclinicity, whereas the increasing occurrence of quasi-stationary LPSs is primarily driven by enhanced relative humidity and reduced steering flow in the mid-to-lower troposphere over East Asia.
Higher-Order Vagueness and the Vagueness of ‘Vague'
Creators: Varzi, Achille C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: Sorensen has argued that ‘vague’ is itself a vague predicate; it is just as sorites-prone as its positive instances. This result has been exploited by Hyde in an ingenious attempt to establish that vague predicates must necessarily suffer from higher-order vagueness. More precisely, Hyde has argued that the vagueness of ‘vague’ ensures that the “paradigmatic conception”, according to which predicate vagueness is characterized by the presence of border cases, need not be revised or further elaborated upon in order to account for the phenomenon of higher-order vagueness: if a predicate has border cases, it has border border cases. Tye has objected (convincingly I think) that this is too strong: all that follows from Sorensen’s result is that there are some border border cases, but not necessarily border border cases of every vague predicate. I shall argue that this is still too strong: Sorensen’s proof presupposes the existence of border border cases, hence cannot be used to establish that fact on pain of circularity.
MOESM3 of Systematic comparative analysis of single-nucleotide variant detection methods from single-cell RNA sequencing data
Creators: name: Liu, Fenglin
name: Zhang, Yuanyuan
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Li, Ziyi
name: Fang, Qiao
name: Gao, Ranran
name: Zhang, Zemin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 3. The detailed description of settings for variant calling methods.
Historic Violence and Contemporary Resistance in the Ogaden-Somali Region: A Youth Perspective
Creators: Ali, Juweria
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Human rights
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous youth
Indigenous peoples--Politics and government

description: Both the current political and humanitarian climate inside the Ogaden is dire. Access to safe drinking water, education and basic healthcare is extremely limited. The region is largely dependent on agriculture as its main source of economic stimulus, but land rights issues have been the cause of much tension between the people and the local and national governments. Under Ethiopian rule, the population of the Ogaden region has been subjected to economic and political discrimination, leading to an appalling standard of living in the region, and a lack of direct political representation. The military forces continue to commit grave human rights abuses, and the state perpetuates crimes that violate the “laws of war,” according to Human Rights Watch. Moreover, the discovery of natural resources in the Ogaden, most notably natural gas, has subjected communities living near exploration sites to continuous displacement and violence.
How well can global chemistry models calculate the reactivity of short-lived greenhouse gases in the remote troposphere, knowing the chemical composition
Creators: Prather, Michael J.
Flynn, Clare M.
Zhu, Xin
Steenrod, Stephen D.
Strode, Sarah A.
Fiore, Arlene M.
Correa, Gustavo P.
Murray, Lee T.
Lamarque, Jean-François
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Atmospheric chemistry
Atmospheric chemistry--Mathematical models
Greenhouse gases

description: We develop a new protocol for merging in situ measurements with 3-D model simulations of atmospheric chemistry with the goal of integrating these data to identify the most reactive air parcels in terms of tropospheric production and loss of the greenhouse gases ozone and methane. Presupposing that we can accurately measure atmospheric composition, we examine whether models constrained by such measurements agree on the chemical budgets for ozone and methane. In applying our technique to a synthetic data stream of 14 880 parcels along 180∘ W, we are able to isolate the performance of the photochemical modules operating within their global chemistry-climate and chemistry-transport models, removing the effects of modules controlling tracer transport, emissions, and scavenging. Differences in reactivity across models are driven only by the chemical mechanism and the diurnal cycle of photolysis rates, which are driven in turn by temperature, water vapor, solar zenith angle, clouds, and possibly aerosols and overhead ozone, which are calculated in each model. We evaluate six global models and identify their differences and similarities in simulating the chemistry through a range of innovative diagnostics. All models agree that the more highly reactive parcels dominate the chemistry (e.g., the hottest 10 % of parcels control 25–30 % of the total reactivities), but do not fully agree on which parcels comprise the top 10 %. Distinct differences in specific features occur, including the spatial regions of maximum ozone production and methane loss, as well as in the relationship between photolysis and these reactivities. Unique, possibly aberrant, features are identified for each model, providing a benchmark for photochemical module development. Among the six models tested here, three are almost indistinguishable based on the inherent variability caused by clouds, and thus we identify four, effectively distinct, chemical models. Based on this work, we suggest that water vapor differences in model simulations of past and future atmospheres may be a cause of the different evolution of tropospheric O3 and CH4, and lead to different chemistry-climate feedbacks across the models.
IN03110 Thūpārāma Slab Inscription of Gajabāhu I
Creators: name: Paranavitana, S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: IN03110
Epigraphia Zeylanica
Thūpārāma
Anuradhapura
Gajabāhu I

description: IN03110 Thūpārāma Slab Inscription of Gajabāhu I - Transcript and Translation Source: Paranavitana, S. (1928-33). ‘No. 6. Thūpārāma Slab Inscription of Gajabāhu I (A.S.I. No. 368),’ Epigraphia Zeylanica 3, pp. 114-119.
Specific details on how findings could benefit animal advocacy groups
Creators: name: Bishop, Tarun Edward
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2019

description: The report and training will be useful to animal advocacy groups in at least four ways: to get ideas for projects to increase health facilities’ provision of plant-based foods, to evaluate which forms of such advocacy may be most effective, to justify grant proposals to implement such advocacy, and to provide outcomes achieved and cost benefits for advocates in other states and countries who are considering lobbying for a law like SB 1138 or more general reforms in health facility food service.  
 Ideas for projects:  Based on existing research, as discussed in part 2 above, we can hypothesize there will be many different barriers to effective implementation of SB 1138.  The GAP project would define the goal of effective implementation as a substantial change in meal offerings by health facilities. I.e., there will be more than simply an illusory compliance such as an assertion by a facility administrator that plant-based meals are available on request.  We might learn, for example, that the state agency charged with regulating SB 1138 plans to do no more than simply include a box for the facility administrator to confirm compliance. If we did, we could suggest that it would be effective for advocates to meet with state regulators to create more effective monitoring and guidance, or to have input into any regulations implementing the new law.    This project will assess hypothesized barriers, and identify other barriers.
Evaluating effective forms of advocacy:  After we identify barriers and potential projects, our report will also provide suggestions as to follow up: e.g., education, training, protests, legal advocacy, publicity, or further in-depth research.   Animal Charity Evaluators’ evaluations of effectiveness of interventions such as leafleting and protests will inform our recommendations.i
 Supporting grant proposals/funding requests: The intransigent problem of unhealthful, heavily animal-based hospital food is well-known, and needs to be addressed on many fronts, so it is already a popular cause.    This project’s findings will help identify effective methods to address it.
 Expanded impact to other geographic areas:  We expect to identify systemic barriers to implementation of plant-based diets in health facilities.  We expect these barriers will be common to many other geographic areas. The project report will be applicable, and distributed, internationally.
تصویر جیوان موکتی در مکتب ودانته
Creators: name: ُShahangian, Noori Sadat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: نجات
جیوان موکتی
ودانته
برهمن
معرفت

description: The subject of salvation is verifiable from three aspects: 1- The inappropriate situation and
 difficult conditions that make salvation inevitable 2- The conditions and factors that
 together carry out the salvation 3- The final end that would be achievable with fulfillment
 the salvation. Indian religions and philosophical schools, answered these questions with
 different comprehension from the concept of salvation based on their specific world
 view.Among them, the Advaita Vedanta presented it’s views based on Upanishads’
 doctorines and monistic interpretation of them.The present article has investigated the
 theories of this school about salvation from two first aspects and is going to show the
 Jivanmukti’s image from the view of Shankara’s school . This is the result of this survey
 based on Upanishads : There is no superior purpose than knowledge which is salvation in
 itself .

description: موضوع نجات از سه جنبه قابل بررسي است : - 1اوضاع نامناسب و شرايط دشواري كه نجات را اجتناب ناپذير مي نمايد - 2شرايط يا عواملي كه چون گرد هم آيند ، نجات را محقق مي سازند - 3غايت قصوايي كه نائل شدن به آن در گرو تحقق نجات است. اديان و مكاتب فلسفي هند با برداشتهاي مختلف از مفهوم نجات ، و بر مبناي جهان بيني هاي مختص به خود ، پرسشهاي مطرح شده را پاسخ گفته اند. مكتب ادويتا ودانته در آن ميان، ديدگاههاي خود را بر مبناي آموزه هاي اوپانيشادها و تفسير وحدت وجودي ازآنها ارائه كرده است. مقاله حاضر آراء اين مكتب را پيرامون نجات ، از دو جنبه نخست مورد بررسي قرار داده و در صدد ارائه تصويرجيوان موكتي)زنده آزاد( از نگاه مكتب شانكارا است. بر مبناي اين پژوهش كه با بهره گيري از اوپانيشادهاي اصلي انجام پذيرفته است ، هدفي والاتر از معرفت كه خود همان نجات است، وجود ندارد
Identification and Kullback Information in the GLSEM
Creators: Dhrymes, Phoebus J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Economics

description: In this paper we employ the Kullback Information apparatus in (a) obtaining the strong consistency of the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator in the standard version of the general linear structural econometric model (GLSEM); (b) deriving very succinctly the necessary and sufficient (nas) conditions for identification by the use of exclusion restrictions. The arguments given in (a), however, are equally applicable to a wide class of nonlinear models and the arguments in (b) are equally applicable in the context of more general types of restrictions.
Improved forecasts of influenza-associated hospitalization rates with Google Search Trends
Creators: Kandula, Sasikiran
Pei, Sen
Shaman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Influenza

description: Reliable forecasts of influenza-associated hospitalizations during seasonal outbreaks can help health systems better prepare for patient surges. Within the USA, public health surveillance systems collect and distribute near real-time weekly hospitalization rates, a key observational metric that makes real-time forecast of this outcome possible. In this paper, we describe a method to forecast hospitalization rates using a population level transmission model in combination with a data assimilation technique. Using this method, we generated retrospective forecasts of hospitalization rates for five age groups and the overall population during five seasons in the USA and quantified forecast accuracy for both near-term and seasonal targets. Additionally, we describe methods to correct for under-reporting of hospitalization rates (backcast) and to estimate hospitalization rates from publicly available online search trends data (nowcast). Forecasts based on surveillance rates alone were reasonably accurate in predicting peak hospitalization rates (within ± 25% of the actual peak rate, three weeks before peak). The error in predicting rates one to four weeks ahead, remained constant for the duration of the seasons, even during periods of increased influenza incidence. An improvement in forecast quality across all age groups, seasons and targets was observed when backcasts and nowcasts supplemented surveillance data. These results suggest that the model-inference framework can provide reasonably accurate real-time forecasts of influenza hospitalizations; backcasts and nowcasts offer a way to improve system tolerance to observational errors.
Training Catalogue - Initial suite
Creators: name: Chiucconi, Barbara
name: Feliziani, Erica
name: Spigarelli, Francesca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: research management

description: The deliverable D7.1 “Training Catalogue – Initial suite” reports on the training needs for Research Managers (RMs) with the ERA, outlines the main training initiatives available for RMs and illustrates the concept idea of the CARDEA training modules.