cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Protocol for Systematic Literature Review: How Far Does the Source of Data Affect Conclusions about the Harms to Democracy from Digital Media Use?
Creators: name: Gibson, Rachel
name: Cantijoch, Marta
name: Fieldhouse, Ed
name: Flavel, Thomas
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Social Influence and Political Communication
subject: Science and Technology Policy
subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Social Media
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Communication Technology and New Media
subject: bias
subject: democracy
subject: digital technology
subject: digital-trace data
subject: echo chambers
subject: hate
subject: methodology
subject: misinformation
subject: political polarization
subject: political trust
subject: populism
subject: self-reported data
subject: social media
subject: systematic review

description: Given a burgeoning body of research suggesting associations between the use of digital media and outcomes harmful to democracy, this systematic review explores the extent to which methodological choices may be introducing systematic bias into the findings of such research. We are especially focused on discrepancies between studies reliant on self-reported survey data as opposed to behavioral data from digital traces; however, the great diversity of this broad field of research prompts an inductive approach to classifying other areas of methodological variation, as well as the types of research questions that papers seek to answer. This protocol registers our research questions, search query, relevance-screening process and methods of quality assessment and evidence synthesis prior to data extraction, critical appraisal, and analysis.
Estimating the Effect of the Order of Information Revelation on Purchases: Expectations and Subjective Experience in the Wine Market
Creators: name: Gustafson, Christopher R.
name: Gustafson, Christopher R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Recent research on consumer behavior has indicated that, contrary to most models in economics, information can affect consumers' subjective experience with a good. When consumers receive information about the quality of a good before experiencing the sensory characteristics of the good, the consumers' stated preferences for the goods have been affected. However, a study has yet to examine whether this affects consumers' purchasing decisions, or is limited to stated preference. This field experiment looks at the release of appellation information prior to and after tasting of wine, and uses sales of the two wines tasted as a dependent variable.
Mars Odyssey Joins The Third Interplanetary Network
Creators: name: Hurley, K.
name: Mitrofanov, I.
name: Kozyrev, A.
name: Litvak, M.
name: Sanin, A.
name: Grinkov, V.
name: Charyshnikov, S.
name: Boynton, W.
name: Fellows, C.
name: Harshman, K.
name: Hamara, D.
name: Shinohara, C.
name: Starr, R.
name: Cline, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mars Odyssey spacecraft carries two experiments which are capable of detecting cosmic gamma-ray bursts and soft gamma repeaters. Since April 2001 they have detected over 275 bursts and, in conjunction with the other spacecraft of the interplanetary network, localized many of them rapidly and precisely enough to allow sensitive multi-wavelength counterpart searches. We present the Mars Odyssey mission and describe the burst capabilities of the two experiments in detail. We explain how the spacecraft timing and ephemeris have been verified in-flight using bursts from objects whose precise positions are known by other means. Finally, we show several examples of localizations and discuss future plans for the Odyssey mission and the network as a whole.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. To be submitted to the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Robbea judithae Scharhauser, Saavedra, Pröts, Ot, Geier, Gruber-Vodicka, Polikarpov, Bourenkov & Leisch, 2025, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Scharhauser, Florian
name: Saavedra, Daniel E. M.
name: Pröts, Philipp
name: Ot, Jörg A.
name: Geier, Benedikt
name: Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.
name: Polikarpov, Maxim
name: Bourenkov, Gleb
name: Leisch, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Desmodorida
Desmodoridae
Robbea
Robbea judithae

description: Robbea judithae sp.nov.
ZooBank registration: http://zoobank.org: urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act: EB683064-846B-4747-8431-E10DD10EFC2.
Type location: Carrie Bow Cay, Belize; back-reef sand patch north of the island, 2 m depth. Coordinates: 16.803371 N, 88.082003 W.
Type material: One holotype (NHMW-ZOO-EV-M-5863), four paratypes male (NHMW-ZOO-EV-M-5864/1-4), three paratypes female (NHMW-ZOO-EV-M-5865/1-3). Collection date: April 2013. Collector: J.A. Ott.
Other material: Several specimens in J.A. Ott collection.
Distribution: Regularly in all shallow, subtidal, back-reef sands around Carrie Bow Cay.
Etymology: The species is dedicated to Judith Zimmermann, who contributed significantly to the study of Stilbonematinae.
Description: With the characters of the genus. Measurements see Supporting Information, Table S2.
Large, slender species (Figures 3–5), live specimens with conspicuously dark-coloured GSOs. Males with prominent ventral GSOs in post-pharyngeal region that protrude as 16–18 bumps when the worm’s body is bent ventrally. Cephalic capsule extending over 55–60% of corpus. Corpus of the pharynx less than 25% of pharynx length, isthmus very long occupying 61–67% of pharynx, bulbus small, glandular. Tail conical with rounded tip. Symbiotic bacteria short rods, 2 × 1µm.
description: Published as part of Scharhauser, Florian, Saavedra, Daniel E. M., Pröts, Philipp, Ot, Jörg A., Geier, Benedikt, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Polikarpov, Maxim, Bourenkov, Gleb & Leisch, Nikolaus, 2025, Revision of the genus Robbea (Stilbonematinae: Desmodoridae), worldwide abundant marine nematodes with chromophoric Fe-Br inclusions and the description of a new stilbonematine genus, pp. 1-28 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae005, http://zenodo.org/record/14850743
Intellectual Property and Market Structure in Agriculture
Creators: name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Scotchmer, Suzanne
name: Simon, Leo K.
name: Rausser, Gordon C.
name: Scotchmer, Suzanne
name: Simon, Leo K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In the past several years, the seed industry worldwide has been dramatically restructured, mostly through mergers and acquisitions. We argue that the restructuring has been technologically driven, and has also resulted in the transformation of several chemical conglomerates into life-science firms. We discuss why the restructuring has mostly occurred through mergers rather than contractual relationships such as licensing, and investigate its efficiency implications, both as it concerns anticompetitive effects and the joint use of complementary assets.
PConv: Simple yet Effective Convolutional Layer for Generative Adversarial Network
Creators: name: Park, Seung
name: Yeo, Yoon-Jae
name: Shin, Yong-Goo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a novel convolutional layer, called perturbed convolution (PConv), which focuses on achieving two goals simultaneously: improving the generative adversarial network (GAN) performance and alleviating the memorization problem in which the discriminator memorizes all images from a given dataset as training progresses. In PConv, perturbed features are generated by randomly disturbing an input tensor before performing the convolution operation. This approach is simple but surprisingly effective. First, to produce a similar output even with the perturbed tensor, each layer in the discriminator should learn robust features having a small local Lipschitz value. Second, since the input tensor is randomly perturbed during the training procedure like the dropout in neural networks, the memorization problem could be alleviated. To show the generalization ability of the proposed method, we conducted extensive experiments with various loss functions and datasets including CIFAR-10, CelebA, CelebA-HQ, LSUN, and tiny-ImageNet. The quantitative evaluations demonstrate that PConv effectively boosts the performance of GAN and conditional GAN in terms of Frechet inception distance (FID).
description: Submitted to journal, arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1911.10979
The Future Trajectory of US CO2 Emissions: The Role of State vs. Aggregate Information
Creators: name: Auffhammer, Maximilian
name: Steinhauser, Ralf
name: Auffhammer, Maximilian
name: Steinhauser, Ralf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper provides comparisons of a a variety of time series methods for short run forecasts of the main greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide, for the United States, using a recently released state level data set from 1960-2001. We test the out-of-sample performance of univariate and multivariate forecasting models by aggregating state level forecasts versus forecasting the aggregate directly. We find evidence that forecasting the disaggregate series and accounting for spatial effects drastically improves forecasting performance under Root Mean Squared Forecast Error Loss. Based on the in-sample observations we attempt to explain the emergence of voluntary efforts by states to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We find evidence that states with decreasing per capita emissions and a "greener" median voter are more likely to push towards voluntary cutbacks in emissions.
Towards commutator theory for relations. III
Creators: name: Lipparini, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 08A30; 08B05

description: We derive consequences from the existence of a term which satisfies Mal'cev identities (characterizing permutability) modulo two functions F and G from admissible relations to admissible relations. We also provide characterizations of varieties having a Mal'cev term modulo F and G.
description: 7 pages
Heterogeneous Responses to Water Conservation Programs: The Case of Residential Users in Los Angeles
Creators: name: Hanemann, W. Michael
name: Nauges, Celine
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
name: Nauges, Celine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: water conservation
subject: residential use
subject: heterogeneity in behavior
subject: panel data

description: We propose a detailed analysis of heterogeneity in households’ responses to water conservation programs (price increase, voluntary and mandatory conservation) during periods of water shortage. Using a unique dataset covering water consumption of all residential users in Los Angeles (California) during the drought (1988-1992), we show that households generally were responsive to the conservation measures but that the magnitude of households’ responses varies depending on the instrument and on households’ characteristics, in particular the size of their lot. Price elasticity is estimated between –0.29 and –0.47 in the high season (June-October), and between 0 and –0.19 in the low season (November-May). Results suggest that the voluntary conservation program [resp. mandatory conservation program] induced a reduction in water use which varies from 1 to 13% [resp. 21% to 29%] depending on the season and the size of the lot. The achieved reduction in consumption is however very similar across households. These data also allow us to compare the effectiveness of price and nonprice policies in terms of water savings. Finally, welfare calculations suggest that households with the smallest lot sizes (and lowest income) suffered the greatest loss during the implementation of the water conservation programs.
Reduced Conformal Symmetry
Creators: name: Karch, Andreas
name: Raz, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct field theories in $2+1$ dimensions with multiple conformal symmetries acting on only one of the spatial directions. These can be considered a conformal extension to "subsystem scale invariances", borrowing the language often used for fractons.
description: Changes made to sections 1,2,and 5, in preparation for submission 14 pages, no figures
Concurrence classes for general pure multipartite states
Creators: name: Heydari, Hoshang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose concurrence classes for general pure multipartite states based on an orthogonal complement of a positive operator valued measure on quantum phase. In particular, we construct $W^{m}$ class, $GHZ^{m}$, and $GHZ^{m-1}$ class concurrences for general pure $m$-partite states. We give explicit expressions for $W^{3}$ and $GHZ^{3}$ class concurrences for general pure three-partite states and for $W^{4}$, $GHZ^{4}$, and $GHZ^{3}$ class concurrences for general pure four-partite states.
description: 14 pages
Current Agricultural and Environmental Policies in Benin Republic
Creators: name: Dayou, Ephreme D.
name: Zokpodo, Barnab K.L.
name: Montcho, Marthe
name: Ajav, Emmanuel A.
name: Bamgboye, Isaac A.
name: GldeKaka, Romain L.
name: Dayou, Ephreme D.
name: Zokpodo, Barnab K.L.
name: Montcho, Marthe
name: Ajav, Emmanuel A.
name: Bamgboye, Isaac A.
name: GldeKaka, Romain L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: food production policy
subject: natural resource management policy
subject: environmental degradation
subject: sustainable development
subject: Benin Republic

description: The need to feed the population growth conducts to the development of material intensive production systems in many countries. However the absence of adequate policies has adverse consequences on the environment and the performance of the agricultural and rural sectors. Benin Republic, through its Strategic Plan for Agricultural Sector Development (PSDSA) focuses on improving food and nutrition security, improving farm level income and building resilience to climate change within the Government Action Plan (PAG Bénin Révélé) 2016-2021. The aim of this study is to analyze the current agricultural policies and its link with the current environmental policies in Benin Republic. The data from Ministries and Structures in charge of Agriculture, Environment, Health and Human being were used. Reports from some international organizations such as FAO, PNUD and FIDA were also used. It is observed and planed an increase in cultivation area, all crops yields and crops production from 2016 to 2021. That will involve the more use of agricultural machinery, fertilizers and pesticides. Added to the current environment challenges, it appears the risk of soil degradation, deforestation, water and air pollution, then global impact on the environment when this plan will be implemented. It is right that some Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) are purposed for many of the actions. However, these EIA are sometime neglected and sacrificed for the profitability of agricultural production. To achieve this agricultural goal without affect the environment, the respect of the adequate law and EIA for each single activity becomes necessary.
Hydrodynamics of a superfluid smectic
Creators: name: Hofmann, Johannes
name: Zwerger, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the hydrodynamic modes of the superfluid analog of a smectic-A phase in liquid crystals, i.e., a state in which both gauge invariance and translational invariance along a single direction are spontaneously broken. Such a superfluid smectic provides an idealized description of the incommensurate supersolid state realized in Bose-Einstein condensates with strong dipolar interactions as well as of the stripe phase in Bose gases with spin-orbit coupling. We show that the presence of a finite normal fluid density in the ground state of these systems gives rise to a well-defined second-sound type mode even at zero temperature. It replaces the diffusive permeation mode of a normal smectic phase and is directly connected with the classic description of supersolids by Andreev and Lifshitz in terms of a propagating defect mode. An analytic expression is derived for the two sound velocities that appear in the longitudinal excitation spectrum. It only depends on the low-energy parameters associated with the two independent broken symmetries, which are the effective layer compression modulus and the superfluid fraction.
description: 20 pages
Non-thermal emission in High Frequency Peaked blazars towards the Square Kilometer Array era
Creators: name: Lico, Rocco <1984>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: In this thesis work we will explore and discuss the properties of the gamma-ray sources included in the first Fermi-LAT catalog of sources above 10 GeV (1FHL), by considering both blazars and the non negligible fraction of still unassociated gamma-ray sources (UGS, 13%).
We perform a statistical analysis of a complete sample of hard gamma-ray sources, included in the 1FHL catalog, mostly composed of HSP blazars, and we present new VLBI observations of the faintest members of the sample.
The new VLBI data, complemented by an extensive search of the archives for brighter sources, are essential to gather a sample as large as possible for the assessment of the significance of the correlation between radio and very high energy (E>100 GeV) emission bands.
After the characterization of the statistical properties of HSP blazars and UGS, we use a complementary approach, by focusing on an intensive multi-frequency observing VLBI and gamma-ray campaign carried out for one of the most remarkable and closest HSP blazar Markarian 421.
The Economic Costs and Benefits of Investments in Municipal Water and Sanitation Infrastructure: A Global Perspective
Creators: name: Whittington, Dale
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
name: Whittington, Dale
name: Hanemann, W. Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Sustainable Development
subject: Renewable Resources

description: This paper presents illustrative estimates of the costs and benefits of investments in municipal water and sanitation systems in developing countries. Four sources of information on the economic benefits households receive from improved municipal water and sanitation services are reviewed: (1) prices charged for vended water, (2) avertive expenditures, (3) avoided costs of illness, and (4) stated preference studies. There is little evidence to suggest that the current monthly benefits of improved water and sanitation services exceed the monthly costs. The most important limitation of such comparisons of annual costs and benefits is that benefits per household may well grow over the life of the investments, but this possibility does not ensure that such projects will pass a cost-benefit test.
Magnetic phases and phase diagram of spin-1 condensate with quadrupole degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Bulakhov, M. S.
name: Peletminskii, A. S.
name: Peletminskii, S. V.
name: Slyusarenko, Yu. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain and justify a many-body Hamiltonian of pairwise interacting spin-1 atoms, which includes eight generators of the SU(3) group associated with spin and quadrupole degrees of freedom. It is shown that this Hamiltonian is valid for non-local interaction potential, whereas for local interaction specified by $s$-wave scattering length, the Hamiltonian should be bilinear in spin operators only (of the Heisenberg type). We apply the obtained Hamiltonian to study the ground-state properties and single-particle excitations of a weakly interacting gas of spin-1 atoms with Bose-Einstein condensate taking into account the quadrupole degrees of freedom. It is shown that the system under consideration can be in ferromagnetic, quadrupolar, and paramagnetic phases. The corresponding phase diagram is constructed and discussed. The main characteristics such as the density of the grand thermodynamic potential, condensate density, and single-particle excitation spectra modified by quadrupole degrees of freedom are determined in different phases.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, references added
N-spheres in general relativity: regular black holes without apparent horizons, static wormholes with event horizons and gravastars with a tube-like core
Creators: name: Zaslavskii, O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a way to avoid black hole singularities by gluing a black hole exterior to an interior with a tube-like geometry consisting of a direct product of two-dimensional AdS, dS, or Rindler spacetime with a two-sphere of constant radius. As a result we obtain a spacetime with either "cosmological" or "acceleration" (event) horizons but without an apparent horizon. The inner region is everywhere regular and supported by matter with the vacuum-like equation of state $p_{r}+ρ=0$ where $p_{r}=T_{r}^{r}$ is the longitudinal pressure, $ρ=-T_{0}^{0}$ is the energy density, $T_μ^ν$ is the stress-energy tensor. When the surface of gluing approaches the horizon, surface stresses vanish, while $p_{r}$ may acquire a finite jump on the boundary. Such composite spacetimes accumulate an infinitely large amount of matter inside the horizon but reveal themselves for an external observer as a sphere of a finite ADM mass and size. If the throat of the inner region is glued to two black hole exteriors, one obtains a wormhole of an arbitrarily large length. Wormholes under discussion are static but not traversable, so the null energy condition is not violated. In particular, they include the case with an infinite proper distance to the throat. We construct also gravastars with an infinite tube as a core and traversable wormholes connected by a finite tube-like region.
description: 10 pages. To appear in Phys. Lett. B
COSMIC-LAB: Unexpected Results from High-resolution Spectra of AGB Stars in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Lapenna, Emilio <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: We have used high-resolution spectra, acquired with UVES@ESO-VLT, to determine the chemical abundances of different samples of AGB and RGB stars in 4 Galactic globular clusters, namely 47Tuc, NGC3201, M22 and M62. 
For almost all the analyzed AGB stars we found a clear discrepancy between the iron abundance measured from neutral lines and that obtained from single ionized lines,
while this discrepancy is not obtained for the RGB samples observed in the same clusters and analyzed with the same procedure. Such a behavior exactly corresponds to what expected in the case of Non-Local Thermodynamical Equilibrium (NLTE) in the star atmosphere.
These results have a huge impact on the proper determination of GC chemistry.
In fact, one of the most intriguing consequences is that, at odds with previous claims, no iron spread is found in NGC3201 and M22 if the iron abundance is obtained from ionized lines only.
Gauge transformation of scalar induced tensor perturbation during matter domination
Creators: name: Ali, Arshad
name: Gong, Yungui
name: Lu, Yizhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scalar induced tensor perturbations at second order during matter domination in seven different gauges. Considering the obtained solution from the Newtonian gauge, we use the gauge transformation law of the scalar induced tensor perturbation to derive the solution in six other gauges. After identifying and eliminating the residual gauge modes in the synchronous and comoving orthogonal gauges, we obtain the same analytical results of the kernel function $I_χ$ for these two gauges as those obtained from the gauge transformation. For the scalar induced gravitational waves oscillating as $\sin x$ and $\cos x$, we find that $ρ_{\text{GW}}\propto a^{-4}$, and $Ω_{\text{GW}}\propto 1/a$ in the matter dominated era, so the oscillating gravitational waves behave as radiation.
description: 22 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.03450
Building imaginary-time thermal field theory with artificial neural networks
Creators: name: Xu, Tian
name: Wang, Lingxiao
name: He, Lianyi
name: Zhou, Kai
name: Jiang, Yin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study, we introduce a novel approach in quantum field theories to estimate the action using the artificial neural networks (ANNs). The estimation is achieved by learning on system configurations governed by the Boltzmann factor, $e^{-S}$ at different temperatures within the imaginary time formalism of thermal field theory. We focus on 0+1 dimensional quantum field with kink/anti-kink configurations to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. The continuous-mixture autoregressive networks (CANs) enable the construction of accurate effective actions with tractable probability density estimation. Our numerical results demonstrate that this methodology not only facilitates the construction of effective actions at specified temperatures but also adeptly estimates the action at intermediate temperatures using data from both lower and higher temperature ensembles. This capability is especially valuable for the detailed exploration of phase diagrams.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Accepted at Chinese Phys. C
The effect of virtual reality on balance and coordination in Parkinson’s patients: a review of literature
Creators: name: Willett, Ben
name: Amaravadi, Sampath Kumar
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Education

description: This narrative review explores how virtual reality interventions impact the balance and coordination of Parkinson's patients. It provides an overview of Parkinson's disease challenges, introduces VR's healthcare potential, and categorises diverse VR interventions. Comparisons with traditional methods are made to identify key findings.
On the Luminous and Dark Matter Distribution in Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Posti, Lorenzo <1988>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: The way mass is distributed in galaxies plays a major role in shaping their evolution across cosmic time. The galaxy's total mass is usually determined by tracing the motion of stars in its potential, which can be probed observationally by measuring stellar spectra at different distances from the galactic centre, whose kinematics is used to constrain dynamical models. A class of such models, commonly used to accurately determine the distribution of luminous and dark matter in galaxies, is that of equilibrium models. In this Thesis, a novel approach to the design of equilibrium dynamical models, in which the distribution function is an analytic function of the action integrals, is presented. Axisymmetric and rotating models are used to explain observations of a sample of nearby early-type galaxies in the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area survey. Photometric and spectroscopic data for round and flattened galaxies are well fitted by the models, which are then used to get the galaxies' total mass distribution and orbital anisotropy. The time evolution of massive early-type galaxies is also investigated with numerical models. Their structural properties (mass, size, velocity dispersion) are observed to evolve, on average, with redshift. In particular, they appear to be significantly more compact at higher redshift, at fixed stellar mass, so it is interesting to investigate what drives such evolution. This Thesis focuses on the role played by dark-matter haloes: their mass-size and mass-velocity dispersion correlations evolve similarly to the analogous correlations of ellipticals; at fixed halo mass, the haloes are more compact at higher redshift, similarly to massive galaxies; a simple model, in which all the galaxy's size and velocity-dispersion evolution is due to the cosmological evolution of the underlying halo population, reproduces the observed size and velocity-dispersion of massive compact early-type galaxies up to redshift of about 2.
Засади стратегічного міжнародного партнерства.pdf
Creators: name: imad, drali
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150202 Financial Econometrics
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: конф.، 26-27 лист. 2008 р. ЛуганськСНУ ім. В. Даля
Effects of Pulsed Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Water Characterized by Light Scattering Techniques: Role of Bubbles
Creators: name: Vallée, Philippe
name: Lafait, Jacques
name: Legrand, Laurent
name: Mentré, Pascale
name: Monod, Marie-Odile
name: Thomas, Yolène
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper has been withdrawn by the author.
description: This paper has been withdrawn
Short on Shots: Can Calls on Self-Restraint be Effective in Managing the Scarcity of a Vital Good?
Creators: name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Sadoulet, Elisabeth
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Randomized experiment
subject: shortage
subject: self-restraint
subject: cheating

description: This paper has two objectives. The first is to analyze the effectiveness of the scarcity management strategy used for the Fall 2004 U.S. flu vaccine shortage, based on defining priority groups and calling on self-restraint to favor these groups. The second is to reveal differentiated behavioral responses across categories of individuals and the apparent motivations behind these responses. To do this, we observed the responses of the members of a campus population to two distinct randomized treatments in a designed field experiment during the flu vaccine shortage. Corresponding to the management strategy followed by the Center for Disease Control, one treatment provided information about a sharply reduced number of vaccination clinics (scarcity) and their schedule (deadlines); and the other provided the same information plus an appeal to self-restraint to favor priority groups. Regarding effectiveness of the scarcity management strategy, we find that information about scarcity and deadlines induced a sharp 110% increase in demand, while calls on self-restraint only helped reduce this demand by 38%, resulting in a 31% increase in demand. The distribution strategy chosen, enforced by only soft screening, was not effective. Indeed there was a 17% net increase in vaccines distributed compared to no strategy. An analysis of confidential survey responses from candidates as to being members or not of a priority group suggests that, perversely, the net increase in demand and in vaccines distributed originated entirely in non-priority individuals. Regarding behavioral responses to information about scarcity and calls on self-restraint, we find that it is the non-priority individuals who had used vaccination services the previous year that increased their demand sharply in response to scarcity and deadlines, demonstrated modest self-restraint, and contributed most to cheating. The surprising finding is that the priority population exercised uncalled for self-restraint, thereby canceling among them the increase in demand due to scarcity and deadlines. We use the stated reasons to seek vaccination among non-priority individuals to infer that the strong increase in demand by previous users was more likely due to loss aversion than to greater risk aversion. For the priority-group members who responded to calls on self-restraint, we find that greater community identification and concerns with reputation effects may have been the drivers of their behavior.
Using Retail Scanner Data for Upstream Merger Analysis: Counterfactual Experiments in the Retail Coffee Market
Creators: name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Merger Analysis
subject: Vertical relationships
subject: multiple manufacturers and retailers

description: The typical situation faced by antitrust authorities is to analyze and rule on a proposed merger by two or more manufacturers using scanner data at retail-level in a particular industry. This paper presents a simple framework to assess merger welfare effects in markets where both upstream and downstream firms make pricing decisions. I start with a benchmark model of manufacturers’ and retailers’ sequential pricing behavior. Then using counterfactual experiments, I explore the relationship between downstream retailer pricing models and the resulting estimates of upstream mergers. This exercise is done in the absence of wholesale prices looking at scanner data for the ground coffee category sold at several retail chains in Germany. I find that not considering retail pricing explicitly implies simulated changes in welfare that are significantly different given the underlying model of retail pricing behavior. For instance, through counterfactual simulations I find that, if retailers behave as Bertrand-Nash the welfare estimates are not significantly different from those obtained when not considering retailers, but when retail pricing departs from Nash-pricing behavior the welfare estimates can be significantly different from those estimated without considering retailer models explicitly.
Homeoidally striated density profiles: sequences of virial equilibrium configurations with constant anisotropy parameters
Creators: name: Caimmi, R.
name: Marmo, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formulation of the tensor virial equations is generalized to unrelaxed configurations, where virial equilibrium does not coincide with dynamical (or hydrostatic) equilibrium. Further investigation is devoted to special classes of homeoidally striated ellipsoids, defined as homeoidally striated, Jacobi ellipsoids. In particular, virial equilibrium configurations with constant anisotropy parameters are studied with more detail, including both flattened and elongated, triaxial configurations, and the determination of the related bifurcation points. The explicit expression of different rotation parameters is also determined. An application is made to dark matter haloes hosting giant, galaxies, with regard to assigned initial and final configuration, following and generalizing to many respects a procedure conceived by Thuan & Gott (1975). The dependence of the limiting axis ratios, below which no configuration is allowed for the sequence under consideration, on the change in mass, total energy, and angular momentum, during the evolution, is illustrated in some representative situations. The dependence of axis ratios and rotation parameters on an additional parameter, related to the initial conditions of the density perturbation, is analysed in connection with a few special cases. Within the range of Peebles (1969) rotation parameter, inferred from high-resolution numerical simulations, the shape of dark matter haloes is mainly decided by the amount of anisotropy in residual velocity distribution. On the other hand, the contribution of rotation has only a minor effect on the meridional plane, and no effect on the equatorial plane, as bifurcation points occur for larger values of Peebles (1969) rotation parameter. To this respect, dark matter haloes are found to resemble giant elliptical galaxies.
description: 43 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables; a reduced version has been accepted for publication on AN
Kinematics of local and high-z galaxies through 3D modeling of emission-line datacubes
Creators: name: Di Teodoro, Enrico Maria <1985>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: FIS/05 Astronomia e astrofisica

description: The kinematics is a fundamental tool to infer the dynamical structure of galaxies and to understand their formation and evolution. Spectroscopic observations of gas emission lines are often used to derive rotation curves and velocity dispersions. It is however difficult to disentangle these two quantities in low spatial-resolution data because of beam smearing. 

In this thesis, we present 3D-Barolo, a new software to derive the gas kinematics of disk galaxies from emission-line data-cubes. The code builds tilted-ring models in the 3D observational space and compares them with the actual data-cubes. 3D-Barolo works with data at a wide range of spatial resolutions without being affected by instrumental biases. We use 3D-Barolo to derive rotation curves and velocity dispersions of several galaxies in both the local and the high-redshift Universe. We run our code on HI observations of nearby galaxies and we compare our results with 2D traditional approaches. We show that a 3D approach to the derivation of the gas kinematics has to be preferred to a 2D approach whenever a galaxy is resolved with less than about 20 elements across the disk. 

We moreover analyze a sample of galaxies at z~1, observed in the H-alpha line with the KMOS/VLT spectrograph. Our 3D modeling reveals that the kinematics of these high-z systems is comparable to that of local disk galaxies, with steeply-rising rotation curves followed by a flat part and H-alpha velocity dispersions of 15-40 km/s over the whole disks. This evidence suggests that disk galaxies were already fully settled about 7-8 billion years ago. 

In summary, 3D-Barolo is a powerful and robust tool to separate physical and instrumental effects and to derive a reliable kinematics. The analysis of large samples of galaxies at different redshifts with 3D-Barolo will provide new insights on how galaxies assemble and evolve throughout cosmic time.
Lexical token elicitation for Talking Dictionary
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Rudolph, Ruth (Analidele)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: Two .wav audio files for an elicitation of lexical tokens to be uploaded to the Talking Dictionary.
Consumer and Market Responses to Mad-Cow Disease
Creators: name: Schlenker, Wolfram
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
name: Schlenker, Wolfram
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Food safety
subject: Mad cow diseases
subject: consumer expenditure survey
subject: scanner data
subject: futures prices

description: We examine how consumers and financial markets in the United States react to two health warnings about mad cow disease: The first discovery of an infected cow in December 2003 as well as health warnings about the potential effects aired in the highly-watched Oprah- Winfrey show seven years earlier. Using a unique UPC-level scanner data set, we find a pronounced and significant reduction in beef sales following the first discovered infection. This effect slowly dissipates over the next three months. Interestingly, no significant impact can be detected in the diary files of the Consumer Expenditure Survey (CES) that has a much smaller sampling frame. However, futures prices show a comparable drop in prices to the scanner data. Contracts with longer maturity show smaller drops, suggesting that the market anticipated the impact to be transitory. Health warnings by Oprah-Winfrey reduced futures prices by more than 50% of the abnormal changes following the first discovered infection, but the effect was shorter-lived. While the CES should give accurate estimates of average purchasing decisions in a calendar year, researchers may consider instead turning to readily available scanner or futures data to track changes in buying habits over time.
Lilienfeld, Fairy von / Mühlenberg, Ekkehard: Gnadenwahl und Entscheidungsfreiheit in der Theologie der Alten Kirche
Creators: name: Schneemelcher, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 30 Nr. 4 (1981): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 30, Heft 4
Sales: Tests of Theories on Causality and Timing
Creators: name: Berck, Peter
name: Brown, Jennifer
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
name: Berck, Peter
name: Brown, Jennifer
name: Perloff, Jeffrey M.
name: Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Modern theories of sales make conflicting predictions about the temporal pattern of sales, which we test using grocery scanner data. We examine both frozen orange juice, which consumers can store, and refrigerated orange juice, which is more perishable, to determine what role—if any—durability plays in the pattern of sales. We start with a simple reduced-form probit analysis to examine the timing of sales and whether sales are determined nationally by manufacturers or locally by retailers. We then turn to a vector autoregressive analysis and conduct Granger tests of temporal ordering (“causality tests”) to determine whether the sale of one brand is followed in a predictable way by the sale of another brand or its own later sales. Based on the VAR estimates, we simulate impulse responses to determine the magnitude of these time-series effects. In fact, none of the theories of sales fully describes sale patterns and price distributions. We find product durability makes little difference in sales patterns. We show that, contrary to all the existing theories, retailers rather than manufacturers determine sales. Despite sale patterns not being significantly different for national brands and private label brands, our formal Granger causality analysis shows that a sale of a national brand is more likely to “cause” sales of other products than is a sale of a private label product.
One Channel to Rule Them All? Constraining the Origins of Binary Black Holes using Multiple Formation Pathways
Creators: name: Zevin, Michael
name: Bavera, Simone S.
name: Berry, Christopher P. L.
name: Kalogera, Vicky
name: Fragos, Tassos
name: Marchant, Pablo
name: Rodriguez, Carl L.
name: Antonini, Fabio
name: Holz, Daniel E.
name: Pankow, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second LIGO-Virgo catalog of gravitational wave transients has more than quadrupled the observational sample of binary black holes. We analyze this catalog using a suite of five state-of-the-art binary black hole population models covering a range of isolated and dynamical formation channels and infer branching fractions between channels as well as constraints on uncertain physical processes that impact the observational properties of mergers. Given our set of formation models, we find significant differences between the branching fractions of the underlying and detectable populations, and that the diversity of detections suggests that multiple formation channels are at play. A mixture of channels is strongly preferred over any single channel dominating the detected population: an individual channel does not contribute to more than $\simeq 70\%$ of the observational sample of binary black holes. We calculate the preference between the natal spin assumptions and common envelope efficiencies in our models, favoring natal spins of isolated black holes of $\lesssim 0.1$, and marginally preferring common envelope efficiencies of $\gtrsim 2.0$ while strongly disfavoring highly inefficient common envelopes. We show that it is essential to consider multiple channels when interpreting gravitational wave catalogs, as inference on branching fractions and physical prescriptions becomes biased when contributing formation scenarios are not considered or incorrect physical prescriptions are assumed. Although our quantitative results can be affected by uncertain assumptions in model predictions, our methodology is capable of including models with updated theoretical considerations and additional formation channels.
description: 27 pages (14 pages main text + 13 pages appendices/references), 8 figures, 1 table, published in ApJ
Redefining Heimat : language and the search for homeland in modern German Jewish writing
Creators: name: Schallié, Charlotte
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The example of Jewish writers living in post-Shoah Germany can be taken as a case study for the ways in which language creates a homeland—a Heimat. Because the concept of Heimat lies outside the realm of national affiliations, German-speaking Jews have been able to redefine and establish a German homeland without having to associate themselves with the German national state. Heimat in language creates an environment which they can—for the most part—safely inhabit. Since the heterogeneous Jewish population of postwar Germany lacked a well-defined identity, German Jewish authors born or raised after 1945 needed a new way to find a sense of belonging. Both the prewar notion of the "German citizen of Jewish faith" and the postwar model of "Jews in Germany" proved inadequate for the post-Shoah generation. This required German Jewish authors to create their own models of identity and homeland. This paper also scrutinizes how the political culture of post-reunification Germany has affected Jews in contemporary Germany. I probe to what extent the current Erinnerungskultur—Germany's collective project to consolidate the trauma of the Shoah—influences and shapes Jewish identity. Jewish writers such as such as Henryk M. Broder, Barbara Honigmann, Esther Dischereit, Richard Chaim Schneider and Rafael Seligmann are confronted with the issue of how to be themselves if Gentiles try to define or appropriate Jews for their own agendas. In the context of a united Germany, and its increased preoccupation with Vergangenheitsaufarbeitung (working through the past), this paper emphasizes that the notion of Heimat remains a difficult concept for Jews. Thus, the process of writing allows them to find a homeland outside the German nation. Language may hold the key to the understanding why German Jews choose to live where the history of the Shoah remains most painfully present.