cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
GTC OSIRIS transiting exoplanet atmospheric survey: detection of potassium in HAT-P-1b from narrowband spectrophotometry
Creators: name: Wilson, P. A.
name: Sing, D. K
name: Nikolov, N.
name: Etangs, A. Lecavelier des
name: Pont, F.
name: Fortney, J. J.
name: Ballester, G. E.
name: López-Morales, M.
name: Désert, J. -M.
name: Vidal-Madjar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the detection of potassium in the atmosphere of HAT-P-1b using optical transit narrowband photometry. The results are obtained using the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) together with the OSIRIS instrument in tunable filter imaging mode. We observed four transits, two at continuum wavelengths outside the potassium feature, at 6792 Å and 8844 Å, and two probing the potassium feature in the line wing at 7582.0 Å and the line core at 7664.9 Å using a 12 Å filter width (R~650). The planet-to-star radius ratios in the continuum are found to be $R_{\rm{pl}}/R_{\star}$ = 0.1176 $\pm$ 0.0013 at 6792 Å and $R_{\rm{pl}}/R_{\star}$ = 0.1168 $\pm$ 0.0022 at 8844 Å, significantly lower than the two observations in the potassium line: $R_{\rm{pl}}/R_{\star}$ = 0.1248 $\pm$ 0.0014 in the line wing at 7582.0 Å and $R_{\rm{pl}}/R_{\star}$ = 0.1268 $\pm$ 0.0012 in the line core at 7664.9 Å. With a weighted mean of the observations outside the potassium feature $R_{\rm{pl}}/R_{\star}$ = 0.1174 $\pm$ 0.0010, the potassium is detected as an increase in the radius ratio of Δ$R_{\rm{pl}}/R_{\star}$ = 0.0073 $\pm$ 0.0017 at 7582.0 Å and Δ$R_{\rm{pl}}/R_{\star}$ = 0.0094 $\pm$ 0.0016 at 7664.9 Å (a significance of 4.3 and 6.1 $σ$ respectively). We hypothesise that the strong detection of potassium is caused by a large scale height, which can be explained by a high-temperature at the base of the upper atmosphere. A lower mean molecular mass caused by the dissociation of molecular hydrogen into atomic hydrogen by the EUV flux from the host star may also partly explain the amplitude of our detection.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Frequency ratio of the $^{229\mathrm{m}}$Th nuclear isomeric transition and the $^{87}$Sr atomic clock
Creators: name: Zhang, Chuankun
name: Ooi, Tian
name: Higgins, Jacob S.
name: Doyle, Jack F.
name: von der Wense, Lars
name: Beeks, Kjeld
name: Leitner, Adrian
name: Kazakov, Georgy
name: Li, Peng
name: Thirolf, Peter G.
name: Schumm, Thorsten
name: Ye, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical atomic clocks$^{1,2}$ use electronic energy levels to precisely keep track of time. A clock based on nuclear energy levels promises a next-generation platform for precision metrology and fundamental physics studies. Thorium-229 nuclei exhibit a uniquely low energy nuclear transition within reach of state-of-the-art vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser light sources and have therefore been proposed for construction of the first nuclear clock$^{3,4}$. However, quantum state-resolved spectroscopy of the $^{229m}$Th isomer to determine the underlying nuclear structure and establish a direct frequency connection with existing atomic clocks has yet to be performed. Here, we use a VUV frequency comb to directly excite the narrow $^{229}$Th nuclear clock transition in a solid-state CaF$_2$ host material and determine the absolute transition frequency. We stabilize the fundamental frequency comb to the JILA $^{87}$Sr clock$^2$ and coherently upconvert the fundamental to its 7th harmonic in the VUV range using a femtosecond enhancement cavity. This VUV comb establishes a frequency link between nuclear and electronic energy levels and allows us to directly measure the frequency ratio of the $^{229}$Th nuclear clock transition and the $^{87}$Sr atomic clock. We also precisely measure the nuclear quadrupole splittings and extract intrinsic properties of the isomer. These results mark the start of nuclear-based solid-state optical clock and demonstrate the first comparison of nuclear and atomic clocks for fundamental physics studies. This work represents a confluence of precision metrology, ultrafast strong field physics, nuclear physics, and fundamental physics.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures, 1 extended data figure
Robust Multi-Robot Global Localization with Unknown Initial Pose based on Neighbor Constraints
Creators: name: Zhang, Yaojie
name: Luo, Haowen
name: Wang, Weijun
name: Feng, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-robot global localization (MR-GL) with unknown initial positions in a large scale environment is a challenging task. The key point is the data association between different robots' viewpoints. It also makes traditional Appearance-based localization methods unusable. Recently, researchers have utilized the object's semantic invariance to generate a semantic graph to address this issue. However, previous works lack robustness and are sensitive to overlap rate of maps, resulting in unpredictable performance in real-world environments. In this paper, we propose a data association algorithm based on neighbor constraints to improve the robustness of the system. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on three different datasets, indicating a significant improvement in robustness compared to previous works.
description: 7 pages (6+1), accepted by ICRA 2024
Impact of the CAP post 2013 on land market. The case of the Pisa province
Creators: name: Bartolini, F.
name: Brunori, G.
name: Gava, O.
name: Bartolini, F.
name: Brunori, G.
name: Gava, O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: land market
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: Mathematical Programming Model
subject: Capitalization
subject: Willingness to Pay

description: TOver the last twenty years, the role of agricultural policy in changing the demand for productive factors had been widely studied, emphasising the role of Agricultural Policy reforms’ impacts on land demand and land market. The CAP has been recently restyled. In October 2011, the European Commission first released the CAP reform proposal (COM(2011)625/3). The CAP 2014-2020 encompasses a revision of the first pillar policy and some novelties within the second pillar policy. In Italy, the reform also includes the introduction of uniform payments (regionalisation) with partial converge mechanism (so-called “Irish model”). The objective of the present paper is to provide an ex-ante analysis the main instruments of the CAP 2014-2020. The paper focuses on two novelties under Pillar I, i.e. the shift to regionalised payments and the introduction of the greening. The paper evaluates the extent to which the new CAP could affect land demand by estimating farm households’ willingness to pay for additional land. A case study in Pisa Province is developed. The results point-out that the new instruments under the reformed CAP would not uniformly affect farms types and could lead to changes in the demand. Alternative policy designs can significantly affect the willingness to pay and hence shows capitalisation effects.
Morphological evolution in situ: Disk-dominated cluster red sequences at z ~ 1.25
Creators: name: De Propris, R.
name: Bremer, M. N.
name: Phillipps, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a joint photometric and structural analysis of red sequence galaxies in four clusters at a mean redshift of z ~ 1.25 using optical and near-IR HST imaging reaching to at least 3 magnitudes fainter than $M^*$. As expected, the photometry and overall galaxy sizes imply purely passive evolution of stellar populations in red sequence cluster galaxies. However, the morphologies of red sequence cluster galaxies at these redshifts show significant differences to those of local counterparts. Apart from the most massive galaxies, the high redshift red sequence galaxies are significantly diskier than their low redshift analogues. These galaxies also show significant colour gradients, again not present in their low redshift equivalents, most straightforwardly explained by radial age gradients. A clear implication of these findings is that red sequence cluster galaxies originally arrive on the sequence as disk-dominated galaxies whose disks subsequently fade or evolve secularly to end up as high Sérsic index early-type galaxies (classical S0s or possibly ellipticals) at lower redshift. The apparent lack of growth seen in a comparison of high and low redshift red sequence galaxies implies that any evolution is internal and is unlikely to involve significant mergers. While significant star formation may have ended at high redshift, the cluster red sequence population continues to evolve (morphologically) for several Gyrs thereafter.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Supplementary Material from Predator or provider? How wild animals respond to mixed messages from humans
Creators: name: Goumas, Madeleine
name: Boogert, Neeltje J.
name: Kelley, Laura A.
name: Holding, Thomas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary figures
Interprétation de la chanson gardiane ("Cansoun gardiano") par Alphonse Arnaud, le capitaine des gardians et ses hommes
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
title: San Luis Obispo Bridge Preventative Maintenance Program Reinitiation for Pippin Lane
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion for the San Luis Obispo County Bridge Preventative Maintenance Program (BRLO-5949(151))
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2022

description: WCRO-2021-02989
Column basis reduction and decomposable knapsack problems
Creators: name: Krishnamoorthy, Bala
name: Pataki, Gábor
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: We propose a very simple preconditioning method for integer programming feasibility problems: replacing the problem We also study a family of IP instances, called . DKPs generalize the instances proposed by Jeroslow, Chvátal and Todd, Avis, Aardal and Lenstra, and Cornuéjols et al. They are knapsack problems with a constraint vector of the form , with and integral vectors, and a large integer. If the parameters are suitably chosen in DKPs, we prove Our computational study confirms that the behavior of the studied instances in practice is as predicted by the theory.
A Data Model and Predicate Logic for Trajectory Data (Extended Version)
Creators: name: Bornholdt, Johann
name: Chondrogiannis, Theodoros
name: Grossniklaus, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With recent sensor and tracking technology advances, the volume of available trajectory data is steadily increasing. Consequently, managing and analyzing trajectory data has seen significant interest from the research community. The challenges presented by trajectory data arise from their spatio-temporal nature as well as the uncertainty regarding locations between sampled points. In this paper, we present a data model that treats trajectories as first-class citizens, thus fully capturing their spatio-temporal properties. We also introduce a predicate logic that enable query processing under different uncertainty assumptions. Finally, we show that our predicate logic is expressive enough to capture all spatial and temporal relations put forward by previous work.
description: Extended version of the ADBIS 2024 paper with the same title
Origin of anomalous magnetotransport in kagome superconductors AV$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ (A=K,Rb,Cs)
Creators: name: Koshelev, A. E.
name: Chapai, R.
name: Chung, D. Y.
name: Mitchell, J. F.
name: Welp, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple anomalous features in electronic spectra of metals with kagome lattice structure -- van Hove singularities, Dirac points, and flat bands -- imply that materials containing this structural motif may lie at a nexus of topological and correlated electron physics. Due to the prospects of such exceptional electronic behavior, the recent discovery of superconductivity coexisting with charge-density wave (CDW) order in the layered kagome metals AV$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ (A=K,Rb,Cs) has attracted considerable attention. Notably, these kagome metals express unconventional magnetotransport behavior, including a linear-in-H diagonal resistivity at low fields, and an even more peculiar, nonmonotonic sign-changing behavior of the Hall resistivity, which has been speculated to arise from a chiral CDW. We argue here that this unusual magnetotransport derives not from such unconventional phenomena, but rather from the unique fermiology of the AV$_{3}$Sb$_{5}$ materials. Specifically, it is caused by a large, concave hexagonal Fermi surface sheet formed in the close proximity to the van Hove singularities, which is backfolded into a small hexagonal sheet and two large triangular sheets in the CDW state. We introduce a model of the electronic structure of these Fermi surface sheets that allows for a full analytical treatment within Boltzmann kinetic theory and that enables semi-quantitative fits of our transport data. Specifically, we find that the anomalous magnetotransport behavior is caused by the confluence of strong reduction of the Fermi velocity near the van Hove singularities located near the vertices of the hexagonal sheet and sharp corners in Fermi surface generated by the CDW reconstruction.
description: 36 pages, 15 figures, Subm. Phys. Rev. B
New Symmetric Plane Partition Identities from Invariant Theory Work of De Concini and Procesi
Creators: name: Proctor, Robert A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: Nine (= 2 x 2 x 2 + 1) product identities for certain one-variable generating functions of certain families of plane partitions are presented in a unified fashion. The first two of these identities are originally due to MacMahon, Bender, Knuth, Gordon and Andrews and concern symmetric plane partitions. All nine identities are derived from tableaux descriptions of weights of especially nice representations of Lie groups, eight of them for the ‘right end node’ representations of SO˜(2n+1) and Sp(2n). The two newest identities come from a tableaux description which originally arose in work of De Concini and Procesi on classical invariant theory. All of the identities are of the most interest when viewed, in the context of plane partitions with symmetries contained in three-dimensional boxes.
DSLR: Document Refinement with Sentence-Level Re-ranking and Reconstruction to Enhance Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Creators: name: Hwang, Taeho
name: Jeong, Soyeong
name: Cho, Sukmin
name: Han, SeungYoon
name: Park, Jong C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly improved their performance across various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, LLMs still struggle with generating non-factual responses due to limitations in their parametric memory. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems address this issue by incorporating external knowledge with a retrieval module. Despite their successes, however, current RAG systems face challenges with retrieval failures and the limited ability of LLMs to filter out irrelevant information. Therefore, in this work, we propose DSLR (Document Refinement with Sentence-Level Re-ranking and Reconstruction), an unsupervised framework that decomposes retrieved documents into sentences, filters out irrelevant sentences, and reconstructs them again into coherent passages. We experimentally validate DSLR on multiple open-domain QA datasets and the results demonstrate that DSLR significantly enhances the RAG performance over conventional fixed-size passage. Furthermore, our DSLR enhances performance in specific, yet realistic scenarios without the need for additional training, providing an effective and efficient solution for refining retrieved documents in RAG systems.
description: 20 pages
title: p53 as a dichotomous regulator of liver disease
title: the dose makes the medicine
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Krstic, Jelena
name: Galhuber, Markus
name: Schulz, Tim J.
name: Schupp, Michael
name: Prokesch, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: Lifestyle-related disorders, such as the metabolic syndrome, have become a primary risk factor for the development of liver pathologies that can progress from hepatic steatosis, hepatic insulin resistance, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis, to the most severe condition of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While the prevalence of liver pathologies is steadily increasing in modern societies, there are currently no approved drugs other than chemotherapeutic intervention in late stage HCC. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify and investigate causative molecular pathways that can yield new therapeutic avenues. The transcription factor p53 is well established as a tumor suppressor and has recently been described as a central metabolic player both in physiological and pathological settings. Given that liver is a dynamic tissue with direct exposition to ingested nutrients, hepatic p53, by integrating cellular stress response, metabolism and cell cycle regulation, has emerged as an important regulator of liver homeostasis and dysfunction. The underlying evidence is reviewed herein, with a focus on clinical data and animal studies that highlight a direct influence of p53 activity on different stages of liver diseases. Based on current literature showing that activation of p53 signaling can either attenuate or fuel liver disease, we herein discuss the hypothesis that, while hyper-activation or loss of function can cause disease, moderate induction of hepatic p53 within physiological margins could be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of liver pathologies. Hence, stimuli that lead to a moderate and temporary p53 activation could present new therapeutic approaches through several entry points in the cascade from hepatic steatosis to HCC.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 963
title: Negative affect is related to reduced differential neural responses to social and non-social stimuli in 5-to-8-month-old infants
title: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy-study
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: van der Kant, Anne
name: Biro, Szilvia
name: Levelt, Claartje
name: Huijbregts, Stephan
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: Both social perception and temperament in young infants have been related to social functioning later in life. Previous functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) data (Lloyd-Fox et al., 2009) showed larger blood-oxygenation changes for social compared to non-social stimuli in the posterior temporal cortex of five-month-old infants. We sought to replicate and extend these findings by using fNIRS to study the neural basis of social perception in relation to infant temperament (Negative Affect) in 37 five-to-eight-month-old infants. Infants watched short videos displaying either hand and facial movements of female actors (social dynamic condition) or moving toys and machinery (non-social dynamic condition), while fNIRS data were collected over temporal brain regions. Negative Affect was measured using the Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Results showed significantly larger blood-oxygenation changes in the right posterior-temporal region in the social compared to the non-social condition. Furthermore, this differential activation was smaller in infants showing higher Negative Affect. Our results replicate those of Lloyd-Fox et al. and confirmed that five-to-eight-month-old infants show cortical specialization for social perception. Furthermore, the decreased cortical sensitivity to social stimuli in infants showing high Negative Affect may be an early biomarker for later difficulties in social interaction.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe, 643
Defining a Standard Set of Patient-centered Outcomes for Men with Localized Prostate Cancer
Creators: name: Bill-Axelson, Anna
name: Sullivan, Francis
name: Froehner, Michael
name: Frydenberg, Mark
name: Stowell, Caleb
name: Vickers, Andrew
name: Martin, Neil
name: Bangma, Chris
name: Feick, Günter
name: Blute, Michael
name: Ramon, Jacob
name: Kibel, Adam
name: Moretti, Kim
name: Graefen, Markus
name: Swanson, David
name: Chen, Ronald
name: Fitzpatrick, John
name: Catto, James
name: Wiegel, Thomas
name: Briganti, Alberto
name: Tewari, Ashutosh
name: Glaser, Adam
name: Massey, Laura
name: Frank, Steven
name: Hamstra, Daniel
name: Sandler, Howard
name: Mendenhall, Nancy
name: Roos, Ian
name: Huland, Hartwig
name: D'Amico, Anthony
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background: Value-based health care has been proposed as a unifying force to drive improved outcomes and cost containment. Objective: To develop a standard set of multidimensional patient-centered health outcomes for tracking, comparing, and improving localized prostate cancer (PCa) treatment value. Design, setting, and participants: We convened an international working group of patients, registry experts, urologists, and radiation oncologists to review existing data and practices. Outcome measurements and statistical analysisThe group defined a recommended standard set representing who should be tracked, what should be measured and at what time points, and what data are necessary to make meaningful comparisons. Using a modified Delphi method over a series of teleconferences, the group reached consensus for the Standard Set. Results and limitations: We recommend that the Standard Set apply to men with newly diagnosed localized PCa treated with active surveillance, surgery, radiation, or other methods. The Standard Set includes acute toxicities occurring within 6 mo of treatment as well as patient-reported outcomes tracked regularly out to 10 yr. Patient-reported domains of urinary incontinence and irritation, bowel symptoms, sexual symptoms, and hormonal symptoms are included, and the recommended measurement tool is the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite Short Form. Disease control outcomes include overall, cause-specific, metastasis-free, and biochemical relapse-free survival. Baseline clinical, pathologic, and comorbidity information is included to improve the interpretability of comparisons. Conclusions: We have defined a simple, easily implemented set of outcomes that we believe should be measured in all men with localized PCa as a crucial first step in improving the value of care. Patient summary: Measuring, reporting, and comparing identical outcomes across treatments and treatment centers will provide patients and providers with information to make informed treatment decisions. We defined a set of outcomes that we recommend being tracked for every man being treated for localized prostate cancer.
Regulatory treatment of environmentally displaced persons
Creators: name: Woran, Johanna
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2010
Subjects: displaced persons
environment

description: Second semester University: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
description: By now, natural disasters and other environmental degradations are displacing millions of people every year. Additionally, the impacts of climate change are already exacerbating – and will continue to do so in the future – the phenomenon of environmental displacement. Although most migration flows occur within the country and those who are internally displaced are covered by the protection system of the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, increased transboundary movements are also expected. In fact, those individuals who are forced to leave their habitual place of residence and cross an international State border are currently not covered by any international or regional instrument and, consequently, are in need of protection. The reason thereof can be found in a lack of both a generally accepted definition of what constitutes environmentally-displaced persons and their recognition as a vulnerable group in need of international protection. Hence, after providing a tentative definition, this research paper aims at analysing the existing legal instruments of general forced migration laws as well as specific provisions and principles with a view to whether they might provide protection to cross-border environmental displacees. Finally, it will offer ways in which the identified gaps in law might be filled in order to meet the urgent protection need of environmentally-displaced persons.
Resilience of Agriculture in a Rural-based Economic Development Model: the Local Systems of the Marches
Creators: name: Corinto, Gian Luigi
name: Musotti, Francesco
name: Corinto, Gian Luigi
name: Musotti, Francesco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: The Marches
subject: agriculture
subject: statistical analysis
subject: territorial integration
subject: urban-rural areas

description: The paper aims at giving a description of the actual territorial diffusion in the Marches of the integration between the structures of the agricultural activities and the ones of other industries, interpreting the different capabilities of farming to interact and integrate with industries, giving sense to local industrial agglomeration and development. For this purpose, we have considered the ‘geography’ of the regional territory in 31 LLSs (Local Labor Systems of ISTAT) gathering socio-economic statistical data and elaborating them in order to model the territorial patterns of integration between farming and non-agricultural industries. Results show the capability of farming to interact with local labor markets, integrating industrial culture and labor calendars. Results give also sense to the social resilience of agriculture and light regional industrialization, offering some suggestions to eventually get better rural and agricultural policies, from a territorial viewpoint.
Strong Optimized Conservative Fermi-LAT Constraints on Dark Matter Models from the Inclusive Photon Spectrum
Creators: name: Massari, Andrea
name: Izaguirre, Eder
name: Essig, Rouven
name: Albert, Andrea
name: Bloom, Elliott
name: Gomez-Vargas, German A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We set conservative, robust constraints on the annihilation and decay of dark matter into various Standard Model final states under various assumptions about the distribution of the dark matter in the Milky Way halo. We use the inclusive photon spectrum observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope through its main instrument, the Large-Area Telescope (LAT). We use simulated data to first find the "optimal" regions of interest in the gamma-ray sky, where the expected dark matter signal is largest compared with the expected astrophysical foregrounds. We then require the predicted dark matter signal to be less than the observed photon counts in the a priori optimal regions. This yields a very conservative constraint as we do not attempt to model or subtract astrophysical foregrounds. The resulting limits are competitive with other existing limits, and, for some final states with cuspy dark-matter distributions in the Galactic Center region, disfavor the typical cross section required during freeze-out for a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) to obtain the observed relic abundance.
description: 24 pages + appendices and references, 13 figures, accepted by PRD. Contact authors: Andrea Massari, Eder Izaguirre, and Rouven Essig
title: Control of transversal instabilities in reaction-diffusion systems
Creators: name: Totz, Sonja
name: Löber, Jakob
name: Totz, Jan Frederik
name: Engel, Harald
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2020

description: In two-dimensional reaction-diffusion systems, local curvature perturbations on traveling waves are typically damped out and vanish. However, if the inhibitor diffuses much faster than the activator, transversal instabilities can arise, leading from flat to folded, spatio-temporally modulated waves and to spreading spiral turbulence. Here, we propose a scheme to induce or inhibit these instabilities via a spatio-temporal feedback loop. In a piecewise-linear version of the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, transversal instabilities and spiral turbulence in the uncontrolled system are shown to be suppressed in the presence of control, thereby stabilizing plane wave propagation. Conversely, in numerical simulations with the modified Oregonator model for the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction, which does not exhibit transversal instabilities on its own, we demonstrate the feasibility of inducing transversal instabilities and study the emerging wave patterns in a well-controlled manner.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 962
Calcium stone lithoptysis in primary ciliary dyskinesia
Creators: name: Kennedy, Marcus
name: Ghio, Andrew
name: Knowles, Michael
name: Minnix, Susan
name: Carson, John
name: Noone, Peadar
name: Molina, Paul
name: Zariwala, Maimoona
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: An association between lithoptysis and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) has not been previously reported. However, reports of lithoptysis from 2 older patients (>60 yr) prompted a study of this association. We performed a prospective study of all PCD patients presenting to our institution between August 2003 and March 2006, seeking the symptom of lithoptysis or calcium deposition on radiology. A retrospective analysis of all PCD patients presenting prior to August 2003 was also performed. Patients age > or = 40 previously reviewed were recontacted. If a history of lithoptysis or calcium deposition was present, we further reviewed radiographic, microbiologic, and biochemical data, including serum calcium and phosphate. Broncholiths were analyzed by light and electron microscopy- and electron-dispersive X-ray analysis. In total, 142 patients (n=28 age > or = 40) were included, 41 in the prospective and 91 in the retrospective study. Lithoptysis was reported in 5 patients (all age > or = 40). Chest CT scans identified calcification (4/5), involving bronchiectatic airways in 3 patients and focal nodular calcification in 1 patient. Two other patients (age 46, 59) were identified with airway calcification without lithoptysis. Available broncholiths from 2 of these patients were composed of calcite, whereas a broncholith from 1 patient with focal nodular calcification contained calcium phosphate. Sputum was positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa in all 7 patients, but negative for mycobacterial and fungal cultures. There is an association between lithoptysis and PCD in patients age > or = 40. We hypothesize that calcite stone formation is a biomineralization response to chronic airway inflammation and retention of infected airway secretions in PCD in a subset of PCD patients.
An alternative validation strategy for the Planck cluster catalog and $y$-distortion maps
Creators: name: Khatri, Rishi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an all sky map of the $y$-type distortion calculated from the full mission Planck HFI (High Frequency Instrument) data using the recently proposed approach to component separation based on parametric model fitting and model selection. This simple model selection approach allows us to distinguish between carbon monoxide (CO) line emission and $y$-type distortion, something that is not possible using the internal linear combination based methods. We create a mask to cover the regions of significant CO emission relying on the information in the $χ^2$ map obtained when fitting for the $y$-distortion and CO emission to the lowest four HFI channels. We revisit the second Planck cluster catalog and try to quantify the quality of the cluster candidates in an approach that is similar in spirit to Aghanim et al. (2014). We find that at least $93\%$ of the clusters in the cosmology sample are free of CO contamination. We also find that $59\%$ of unconfirmed candidates may have significant contamination from molecular clouds. We agree with Planck collaboration (2015) for the worst offenders. We suggest an alternative validation strategy of measuring and subtracting the CO emission from the Planck cluster candidates using radio telescopes thus improving the reliability of the catalog. Our CO mask and annotations to the Planck cluster catalog identifying cluster candidates with possible CO contamination are made publicly available.
description: Published version
Old supernova dust factory revealed at the Galactic center
Creators: name: Lau, Ryan M.
name: Herter, Terry L.
name: Morris, Mark R.
name: Li, Zhiyuan
name: Adams, Joseph D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dust formation in supernova ejecta is currently the leading candidate to explain the large quantities of dust observed in the distant, early Universe. However, it is unclear whether the ejecta-formed dust can survive the hot interior of the supernova remnant (SNR). We present infrared observations of ~0.02 $M_\odot$ of warm (~100 K) dust seen near the center of the ~10,000 yr-old Sgr A East SNR at the Galactic center. Our findings signify the detection of dust within an older SNR that is expanding into a relatively dense surrounding medium ($n_e$ ~ 100 $\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$) and has survived the passage of the reverse shock. The results suggest that supernovae may indeed be the dominant dust production mechanism in the dense environment of early Universe galaxies.
description: 25 pages, 5 figures. Includes supplementary materials. Published Online March 19 2015 on Science Express
Economic burden prior to COPD diagnosis: A matched case-control study in the United States
Creators: name: Akazawa, Manabu
name: Blanchette, Christopher
name: Riedel, Aylin
name: Stanford, Richard
name: Halpern, Rachel
name: Dalal, Anand
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: BACKGROUND: In the United States, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis is often a lengthy process, and consequently results in delays in treatment in early stages. Disease progression and complication may result in increased levels of healthcare service use. To understand the economic burden of COPD prior to diagnosis in the U.S., trends in utilization and costs during the period before initial COPD diagnosis were compared with matched controls. METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted using medical and pharmacy claims data from a large managed care health plan representing a base population of over 30 million covered lives in the U.S. COPD patients with at least 12 months of continuous enrollment and aged 40 years or older were identified (n=28,968) and matched to up to three random controls (n=81,322) by age, gender, region of plans and index date. Multivariate regression models were used to estimate average incremental service use and cost between COPD patients and controls. Moreover, trends in utilization and costs for the COPD patients were examined over 36 months before diagnosis. RESULTS: COPD patients used 1.5-1.6 times more inpatient/emergency department (IP/ED) services and office visits compared to control patients. The average incremental annual costs for IP/ED services, office visits, and medical and pharmacy services were estimated at $550, $238, $1438 and $401, respectively, after adjusting for age, gender, region and comorbid conditions. The 36-month trend analysis showed that COPD patients' healthcare utilization and costs increased gradually over time, often with a marked increase in the month before COPD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: COPD patients in the U.S. consumed substantial healthcare services and costs prior to diagnosis. More timely diagnosis and subsequent treatment may avoid costly healthcare utilization and unnecessary mortality and morbidity post-diagnosis.
Pan-denoising: Guided Hyperspectral Image Denoising via Weighted Represent Coefficient Total Variation
Creators: name: Xu, Shuang
name: Ke, Qiao
name: Peng, Jiangjun
name: Cao, Xiangyong
name: Zhao, Zixiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a novel paradigm for hyperspectral image (HSI) denoising, which is termed \textit{pan-denoising}. In a given scene, panchromatic (PAN) images capture similar structures and textures to HSIs but with less noise. This enables the utilization of PAN images to guide the HSI denoising process. Consequently, pan-denoising, which incorporates an additional prior, has the potential to uncover underlying structures and details beyond the internal information modeling of traditional HSI denoising methods. However, the proper modeling of this additional prior poses a significant challenge. To alleviate this issue, the paper proposes a novel regularization term, Panchromatic Weighted Representation Coefficient Total Variation (PWRCTV). It employs the gradient maps of PAN images to automatically assign different weights of TV regularization for each pixel, resulting in larger weights for smooth areas and smaller weights for edges. This regularization forms the basis of a pan-denoising model, which is solved using the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate that PWRCTV outperforms several state-of-the-art methods in terms of metrics and visual quality. Furthermore, an HSI classification experiment confirms that PWRCTV, as a preprocessing method, can enhance the performance of downstream classification tasks. The code and data are available at https://github.com/shuangxu96/PWRCTV.
Morality as Partner Management: Why Do We Punish?
Creators: name: Myers, Simon
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: It is possible to differentiate two behavioural strategies for the management of social partners (Barclay & Raihan, 2016; Baumard & Sperber, 2013; Campennì & Schino, 2014 Martin, & Cushman, 2015; Martin, Young & McAuliffe, 2019). These strategies are Partner Control (direct punishment or reward), and Partner Choice (selecting the best partners and deselecting the worse ones for cooperation, joint tasks, group membership etc). Previous work shows that purity violations reliably lead to Partner Choice and harm violations reliably lead to Partner Control (Myers & Sanborn, in prep). We wish to test a theory as to why this is the case - namely that we choose Partner Control if we feel it would be an effective deterrent for people in general (rather than just the perpetrator). In other words, punishment has a communicative purpose for the group, rather than simply being a method of behavioral reinforcement (Sarin et al. 2021). Following from previous research we also measure political orientation to see if there are any differences in responses across the political spectrum.
Quantum phase estimation using path-symmetric entangled states
Creators: name: Lee, Su-Yong
name: Lee, Chang-Woo
name: Lee, Jaehak
name: Nha, Hyunchul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the sensitivity of phase estimation using a generic class of path-symmetric entangled states $|φ\rangle|0\rangle+|0\rangle|φ\rangle$, where an arbitrary state $|φ\rangle$ occupies one of two modes in quantum superposition. This class of states includes the previously considered states, i.e. $NOON$ states and entangled coherent states, as special cases. With its generalization, we identify the practical limit of phase estimation under energy constraint that is characterized by the photon statistics of the component state $|φ\rangle$. We first show that quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB) can be lowered with super-Poissonianity of the state $|φ\rangle$. By introducing a component state of the form $|φ\rangle=\sqrt{q}|1\rangle+\sqrt{1-q}|N\rangle$, we particularly show that an arbitrarily small QCRB can be achieved even with a finite energy in an ideal situation. For practical measurement schemes, we consider a parity measurement and a full photon-counting method to obtain phase-sensitivity. Without photon loss, the latter scheme employing any path-symmetric states $|φ\rangle|0\rangle+|0\rangle|φ\rangle$ achieves the QCRB over the entire range $[0,2π]$ of unknown phase shift $ϕ$ whereas the former does so in a certain confined range of $ϕ$. We find that the case of $|φ\rangle=\sqrt{q}|1\rangle+\sqrt{1-q}|N\rangle$ provides the most robust resource against loss among the considered entangled states over the whole range of input energy. Finally we also propose experimental schemes to generate these path-symmetric entangled states.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, published version
Higher-Dimensional MOG dark compact object: shadow behavior in the light of EHT observations
Creators: name: Nozari, Kourosh
name: Saghafi, Sara
name: Mohammadpour, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consideration of extra spatial dimensions is motivated by the unification of gravity with other interactions, the achievement of the ultimate framework of quantum gravity, and fundamental problems in particle physics and cosmology. Much attention has been focused on the effect of these extra dimensions on the modified theories of gravity. Analytically examining astrophysical phenomena like black hole shadows is one approach to understand how extra dimensions would affect the modified gravitational theories. The purpose of this study is to derive a higher dimensional metric for a dark compact object in STVG theory and then examine the behavior of the shadow shapes for this solution in STVG theory in higher dimensions. We apply the Carter method to formulate the geodesic equations and the Hamilton Jacobi method to find photon orbits around this higher dimensional MOG dark compact object. We investigate the effects of extra dimensions and the STVG parameter alpha on the black hole shadow size. Next, we compare the shadow radius of this higher dimensional MOG dark compact object to the shadow size of the supermassive black hole M87, which has been realized by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaborations, in order to restrict these parameters. We find that extra dimensions in the STVG theory typically lead to a reduction in the shadow size of the higher dimensional MOG dark compact object, whereas the effect of parameter alpha on this black hole shadow is suppressible. Remarkably, given the constraints from EHT observations, we find that the shadow size of the four dimensional MOG dark compact object lies in the confidence levels of the EHT data. Finally, we investigate the issue of acceleration bounds in higher dimensional MOG dark compact object in confrontation with EHT data of M87.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2305.17237
Estimating the Galactic Mass Profile in the Presence of Incomplete Data
Creators: name: Eadie, Gwendolyn M.
name: Harris, William E.
name: Widrow, Lawrence M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A powerful method to measure the mass profile of a galaxy is through the velocities of tracer particles distributed through its halo. Transforming this kind of data accurately to a mass profile M(r), however, is not a trivial problem. In particular, limited or incomplete data may substantially affect the analysis. In this paper we develop a Bayesian method to deal with incomplete data effectively; we have a hybrid-Gibbs sampler that treats the unknown velocity components of tracers as parameters in the model. We explore the effectiveness of our model using simulated data, and then apply our method to the Milky Way using velocity and position data from globular clusters and dwarf galaxies. We find that in general, missing velocity components have little effect on the total mass estimate. However, the results are quite sensitive to the outer globular cluster Pal 3. Using a basic Hernquist model with an isotropic velocity dispersion, we obtain credible regions for the cumulative mass profile M(r) of the Milky Way, and provide estimates for the model parameters with 95 percent Bayesian credible intervals. The mass contained within 260 kpc is 1.37x10^12 solar masses, with a 95 percent credible interval of (1.27,1.51)x10^12 solar masses. The Hernquist parameters for the total mass and scale radius are 1.55 (+0.18/-0.13)x10^12 solar masses and 16.9 (+4.8/-4.1) kpc, where the uncertainties span the 95 percent credible intervals. The code we developed for this work, Galactic Mass Estimator (GME), will be available as an open source package in the R Project for Statistical Computing.
description: Accepted to ApJ; 14 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Curved-spacetime dynamics of spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ particles in superposed states from a WKB approximation of the Dirac equation
Creators: name: Hammad, F.
name: Simard, M.
name: Saadati, R.
name: Landry, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the dynamics of spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ particles that are freely propagating in superposed states in curved spacetime. We first make use of a Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approximation of the Dirac equation in curved spacetime to extract the corresponding Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations that describe the deviation from geodesic motion as well as the spin precession of such particles. We then discuss, in light of our results, the case of flavour neutrinos which are, by nature, a superposition of mass eigenstates.
description: 16 pages, no figures. Matches the published version