cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards theoretical and practical evaluation of privacy and utility of data sanitization mechanisms
Creators: name: Askari, Mina
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 139-151
description: Massive data collection, aggregation and analysis about individuals on the Internet raises the fundamental issue of privacy protection. Releasing of collected data is often beneficial for research, testing, marketing, decision making and data mining. However, published data can violate individual's privacy, especially when aggregated with other sources of data. In response to privacy concerns and to ensure privacy of the individuals in the published dataset, data are sanitized by applying specific operations on data prior to publishing them. The cost of performing the privacy operations on the original collected data to achieve privacy is the loss of some information. Hence, data utility is another important factor that should be considered in data sanitization mechanisms. In this thesis, we focus primarily on privacy and utility issues of sanitization mechanisms. There are several sanitization mechanisms with different notions of privacy and utility. To be able to measure, set and compare the level of privacy protection and utility of these mechanisms, there is a need to translate these different mechanisms to a unified frame­work for evaluation. In this thesis, a thorough theoretical and empirical investigation for evaluation of privacy and utility of sanitization mechanisms in non-interactive data r release is proposed by developing two fameworks. Furthermore, we use the specifications of several sanitization mechanisms, to evaluate our frameworks. We first propose a novel framework that represents a mechanism as a noisy channel and evaluate its privacy and utility using information theoretic measures. We show that the deterministic publishing property that is used in most of these mechanisms reduces privacy guarantees and causes information to leak. We also show that by using this framework we can compute the sanitization mechanism's utility from the point of view of a data user. By formalizing the adversary and data user's background knowledge, we demonstrate their great effects on these metrics. We use k-anonymity, a popular sanitization mechanism, as an example and use the framework to analyze the privacy and utility offered by the mechanism. We then provide a mining framework that can be specialized to specific scenarios -modeling privacy and usefulness notions and quantifying their levels for the given dataset. This framework uses a definition of utility of mining tasks that data providers can use to measure and compare the utility of data mining results obtained from the original and sanitized datasets. This will provide a decision support mechanism for data providers to select appropriate sanitization mechanisms. This utility definition is general and captures the information obtained by any data user. The power of the framework is in its adaptability to capture various notions of privacy, utility and adversarial power for comparing sanitization systems in a particular setting.
On dynamical properties of diffeomorphisms with homoclinic tangencies
Creators: name: Gonchenko, Sergey V.
name: Shilnikov, Leonid P.
name: Turaev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Newhouse regions
subject: Henon map
subject: renormalization
subject: strange attractor
subject: chaos
subject: moduli
subject: stable periodic orbits
subject: 37G25
subject: 37D45
subject: 37C15
subject: 37G30
subject: 34C20
subject: 34C27

description: We study bifurcations of a homoclinic tangency to a saddle fixed point without non-leading multipliers. We give criteria for the birth of an infinite set of stable periodic orbits, an infinite set of coexisting saddle periodic orbits with different instability indices, non-hyperbolic periodic orbits with more than one multiplier on the unit circle, and an infinite set of stable closed invariant curves (invariant tori). The results are based on the rescaling of the first-return map near the orbit of homoclinic tangency, which is shown to bring the map close to one of four standard quadratic maps, and on the analysis of the bifurcations in these maps.
Induced superfluidity of imbalanced Fermi gases near unitarity
Creators: name: Patton, Kelly R.
name: Sheehy, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The induced intraspecies interactions among the majority species, mediated by the minority species, is computed for a population-imbalanced two-component Fermi gas. Although the Feshbach-resonance mediated interspecies interaction is dominant for equal populations, leading to singlet s-wave pairing, we find that in the strongly imbalanced regime the induced intraspecies interaction leads to p-wave pairing and superfluidity of the majority species. Thus, we predict that the observed spin-polaron Fermi liquid state in this regime is unstable to p-wave superfluidity, in accordance with the results of Kohn and Luttinger, below a temperature that, near unitarity, we find to be within current experimental capabilities. Possible experimental signatures of the p-wave state using radio-frequency spectroscopy as well as density-density correlations after free expansion are presented.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. A
Effects of Receiving Additional Off-Site Services on Abstinence from Illicit Drug Use Among Men on Methadone: A Longitudinal Study
Creators: name: Wu, Elwin
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Gilbert, Louisa
name: Chang, Mingway P.
name: Sanders, Glorice
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Social psychology

description: Health and psychosocial service needs that may be co-morbid with opioid addiction may impede the success of drug treatment among patients attending methadone maintenance treatment programs (MMTPs). This longitudinal panel study investigates whether receipt of services from one or more helping professionals outside of the MMTP confers a benefit for drug treatment outcomes among a random sample of male MMTP patients (N = 356). Each participant was interviewed 3 times, with 6 months between each interview. Since this observational study did not employ random assignment, propensity score matching was employed to strengthen causal validity of effect estimates. Results support hypotheses that receiving additional off-site services has significant beneficial effects in increasing the likelihood of abstaining from cocaine, heroin, and any illicit drug use over both the ensuing 6 month and 12 month time periods. These findings indicate that receipt of additional medical and/or psychosocial services enhances the efficacy of methadone treatment in increasing abstinence from illicit drug use.
Optimal captial investment for an insurance company
Creators: name: Asanga, Sujith
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 66-69
description: The purpose of this study was to investigate a common problem of managing economic capital for insurance companies. In particular, the role of determining the optimal investment capital and investing the capital in a well diversified portfolio were examined. The optimization problem incorporated in our methodology, was constructed to solve the optimal investment capital under ruin probability constraint in such a way that it jointly optimizes the asset allocation among a diversified portfolio. Our approach has a semipara­metric nature with appropriate transformations and approximations that enable numerical techniques such as Monte Carlo simulation. Asset returns were modelled using Multivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic (MV GARCH) framework. We implemented different correlation models targeting two risky assets. A rolling win­dow technique was employed to ensure the robustness of our models. It was revealed that the characteristics of the risky and risk-less assets and their behaviour over the moving in­vestment horizon, have great impact on investment plans. Our results indicated the optimal asset allocation in a well-diversified portfolio provided that investment capital is optimized subject to regulatory constraints.
Toward standardized, comparable public health systems data: a taxonomic description of essential public health work
Creators: name: Merrill, Jacqueline A.
name: Keeling, Jonathan
name: Gebbie, Kristine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Health services administration
Medical care
System theory
Public health

description: The objective of this study is to identify taxonomy of task, knowledge and resources for documenting the work performed in local health departments (LHDs). Secondary data were collected from documents describing public health practice produced by organizations representing the public health community. A multi-step consensus-based method was used that included literature review, data extraction, expert opinion, focus group review and pilot testing. Terms and concepts were manually extracted from documents, consolidated, and evaluated for scope and sufficiency by researchers. An expert panel determined suitability of terms and a hierarchy for classifying them. This work was validated by practitioners and results pilot tested in 2 LHDs. The finalized taxonomy was applied to compare a national sample of 11 LHDs. Data were obtained from 1064 of 1267 (84%) of employees. Frequencies of tasks, knowledge, and resources constitute a profile of public health work. About 70% of ! the correlations between LHD pairs on tasks and knowledge were high (> 0.7) suggesting between department commonalities. On resources only 16% of correlations between LHD pairs were high, suggesting a source of performance variability. A taxonomy of public health work serves as a tool for comparative research and a framework for further development.
Soliton-potential interaction in the nonlinear Klein-Gordon model
Creators: name: Saadatmand, Danial
name: Javidan, Kurosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of solitons with external potentials in nonlinear Klein-Gordon field theory is investigated using an improved model. The presented model has been constructed with a better approximation for adding the potential to the Lagrangian through the metric of background space-time. The results of the model are compared with another model and the differences are discussed.
description: 14 pages,8 figures
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2–mediated angiogenesis is essential for gonadotropin-dependent follicle development
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Ralf C.
name: Hartman, Tipton
name: Kavic, Suzanne M.
name: Pauli, Samuel A.
name: Bohlen, Peter
name: Sauer, Mark V.
name: Kitajewski, Jan K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Developmental biology

description: Gonadotropins induce ovarian follicle growth that is coincident with increased follicular vasculature, suggesting a role of angiogenesis in follicle development. Functional studies performed in nonhuman primates show that administration of substances that inactivate VEGF block the development and function of preovulatory follicles as demonstrated by histological analysis or hormone measurements. Blockage of function of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) alters follicular hormone secretion, suggesting that the intraovarian effect of VEGF might be mediated by this receptor. The specific mechanism by which follicular development was blocked in these previous studies remains unclear, however. Here we characterize the intraovarian role of VEGFR-2 activity on follicular development by choosing a model in which active feedback is absent, the prepuberally hypophysectomized mouse. Hypophysectomy prevents advanced follicle growth and maturation; however, follicle development to the preovulatory stage can be stimulated by administration of gonadotropins. We report that exogenously administered gonadotropins are unable to drive follicle development to the preovulatory stage in the presence of antiangiogenic agent, VEGFR-2–neutralizing Ab’s. This inhibition of follicular development is caused by arrests to both angiogenesis and antrum formation. We conclude that the intraovarian VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway is critical for gonadotropin-dependent angiogenesis and follicular development.
EXPLORING TEACHERS' KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF GREEN CHEMISTRY PRINCIPLES IN THE SCHOOLS SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
Creators: name: ALAKE, ESE MONICA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Green Chemistry Education, School Type, Teachers' Gender, Knowledge, Experience

description: Abstract
Purpose: One major way to curb human actions that are averse to reduction of greenhouse effects is through the practice of green chemistry principles. This study explored the role of gender and experience knowledge of teachers on the practice of green chemistry principles among teachers in South-west Nigeria. It examines the differences in knowledge and practices among teachers in universities, colleges of education, and secondary schools, as well as any potential gender differences. Design/methodology/approach: The study employs the ecological systems theory as a theoretical framework to understand the role of gender and teachers' years of experience on the practice of green chemistry. A quantitative research method with a cross-sectional descriptive design is used, and data is collected through a self-developed structured questionnaire from 158 teachers. Findings: a significant difference was found in the practice of green chemistry among teachers based on school type. Also, the findings showed that there was no significance difference in teachers' knowledge of green chemistry principles on the basis of teachers' gender and years of experienced in schools in South-west, Nigeria Practical implications: The study identified the need for inclusive training for teachers to eliminate differences found in the practice of green chemistry principles in schools. Teachers' adequate knowledge and practice of green chemistry will foster students' knowledge and practice of green chemistry and the society at large. Originality/value: This study provides valuable insights for designing interventions to enhance the incorporation of green chemistry principles in chemistry education in Southern Nigeria.
Examining the Temporal Relationship Between Criminal Justice Involvement and Sexual Risk Behaviors among Drug-Involved Men
Creators: name: Epperson, Matthew W.
name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Chang, Mingway P.
name: Gilbert, Louisa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Social psychology

description: Although criminal justice involvement has repeatedly been associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection prevalence and sexual risk behaviors, few studies have examined whether arrest or incarceration uniquely contributes to sexually risky behavior. We examined the temporal relationship between criminal justice involvement and subsequent sexual HIV risk among men in methadone maintenance treatment in New York City. A random sample of 356 men was interviewed at baseline (time 1), 6-month (time 2), and 12-month (time 3) follow-ups. Propensity score matching, negative binomial, and multiple logistic regression were used to isolate and test the effect of time 2 arrest and incarceration on time 3 sexual risk behaviors. Incidence of time 2 criminal justice involvement was 20.1% for arrest and 9.4% for incarceration in the prior 6 months. Men who were arrested at time 2 demonstrated increased number (adjusted incidence rate ratio [IRR]=1.62; 95% confidence intervals [CI]=1.11, 2.37) and proportion (IRR=1.36; 95% CI=1.07, 1.72) of unprotected vaginal sex acts at time 3. Men incarcerated at time 2 displayed increased number (IRR=2.07; 95% CI=1.23, 3.48) and proportion (IRR=1.45; 95% CI=1.06, 1.99) of unprotected vaginal sex acts at time 3. Within this sample of drug-involved men, arrest and incarceration are temporally associated with and may uniquely impact successive sexual risk-taking. Findings underscore the importance of HIV prevention interventions among individuals with low-intensity criminal justice involvement. Developing prevention efforts aimed at short-term incarceration, community reentry, and alternatives to incarceration settings will address a large and under-researched segment of the criminal justice population. Alternative approaches to current criminal justice policy may result in public health benefits.
Charakterisierung mikrobieller Elektrosynthesewege
Creators: name: Lapp, Christian Jonas
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021

description: Als Alternative zur Photosynthese bietet die mikrobielle Elektrosynthese eine vielversprechende Technologie, welche eine direkte Konversion von CO$_{2}$ durch den Eintrag elektrischer Energie ermöglicht. Kathodische Elektronen dienen dabei elektroautotrophen Mikroorganismen als alleinige Energie- und Elektronenquelle. In der Literatur beschriebene Organismen sind jedoch fast ausschließlich von einen wasserstoffvermittelten Elektronentransport abhängig. Da sich bei der kathodischen Wasserstoffentstehung abiotische mit biotischen Effekten überlagern, ist eine Charakterisierung der mikroben-Elektroden-Interaktion in diesem Fall jedoch kaum möglich. In dieser Arbeit wurde daher gezielt nach elektroautotrophen Organismen gesucht, welche nicht in der Lage sind Wasserstoff zu verwerten. Durch die Charakterisierung von $\textit{Sulfolobus acidocaldarius}$ auf einer Kathode gelang erstmals der Nachweis eines elektroautotrophen Wachstums mit einem alternativen extrazellulären Elektronenaufnahme (EEA)-Mechanismus. Entscheidende Elemente darin scheinen Schwefeltransferasen einzunehmen. In einem zweiten Ansatz wurde für die Identifikation natürlicher EEAs eine kathodische Umweltanreicherungskultur charakterisiert. Ein vergleichbarer Mechanismus auf Basis von Schwefeltransferasen konnte ebenfalls im Hauptakteur der Kultur identifiziert werden. Dieser Stamm, welcher einen bisher unbekannten Vertreter der Chromatiaceae darstellt, besitzt eine Verwandtschaft zu " `$\textit{Ca}$. Tenderia electrophaga'', einem elektrotrophen Bakterium aus einer marinen, kathodischen Anreicherung. Der Elektronentransport in diesem neuen Organismus scheint dabei neben Schwefeltransferasen auch über $\textit{c}$-Typ Cytochrome vermittelt zu werden. $\textit{C}$-Typ Cytochrome spielen in bioelektrochemischen Systemen eine entscheidende Rolle und wurden insbesondere in exoelektrogenen Stämmen an Anoden intensiv erforscht. Als zweites Ziel dieser Arbeit wurde daher eine Methode entwickelt um verbesserte, synthetische Elektronentransportketten zu identifizieren. Basierend auf der heterologen Expression von verschiedenen, homologen Genen für $\textit{c}$-Typ Cytochrome, konnte eine verbesserte Elektronentransferrate in $\textit{E. coli}$ erreicht werden. Diese setzt sich durch Gene aus den Modellorganismen $\textit{Shewanella oneidensis}$ und $\textit{Rhodopseudomonas palustris}$ zusammen. Insgesamt konnten in dieser Arbeit grundlegende Erkenntnisse zur Identifikation und Entwicklung neuer elektroautotropher Organismen gewonnen werden.
Additional file 4 of Rosaceae, Brassicaceae and pollen beetles: exploring relationships and evolution in an anthophilous beetle lineage (Nitidulidae, Meligethes-complex of genera) using an integrative approach
Creators: name: Liu, Meike
name: Huang, Min
name: Cline, Andrew Richard
name: Mancini, Emiliano
name: Scaramuzzi, Andrea
name: Paradisi, Simone
name: Audisio, Paolo
name: Badano, Davide
name: Sabatelli, Simone
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4 The Bayesian tree of Meligethes-complex on analyses of the mitochondrial COI gene. The posterior probabilities exceeding 50% are shown at nodes.
title: CT and MR imaging of atypical hepatocellular carcinoma.
Creators: name: De Llano Ibisate, Loreto Ana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Cancer
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Liver
subject: Abdominal Viscera

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: - To review atypical imaging features of hepatocellular carcinoma on CT and...
Non-singular Cyclic Cosmology without Phantom Menace
Creators: name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we review recent developments of cyclic cosmology. A typical non-singular cyclic model within General Relativity requires a non-conventional fluid with negative effective energy density, in order to cancel the matter component and lead to a non-singular bounce. However, the existence of such a non-conventional fluid usually leads to quantum instabilities and makes the theory ill-defined. In the present work we follow the alternative way, obtaining two scenarios of non-singular cyclic cosmological evolutions in the context of gravitational theories beyond General Relativity. The degrees-of-freedom examination reveals that these two models are free of the Phantom Menace. Our analysis illustrates that, if cyclic cosmology describes overall universe, a theory of gravity beyond Einstein may be expected.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Journal of Cosmology
Sex trading and psychological distress among women recruited from the streets of Harlem
Creators: name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Schilling, Robert F.
name: Irwin, Kathleen L.
name: Faruque, Sairus
name: Gilbert, Louisa
name: Von Bargen, Jennifer
name: Serrano, Yolanda
name: Edlin, Brian R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Social psychology

description: Objectives: This study examines the relationship between sex trading and psychological distress and the implications of that relationship for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus among a sample of young women recruited from the streets of Harlem. Methods: Interviews were conducted with 346 predominantly drug-using women, aged 18 to 29 years, of whom 176 had exchanged sex for money or drugs in the previous 30 days and were categorized as "sex traders." Psychological distress was measured by using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results: Sex traders scored significantly higher than non-sex traders on the General Severity Index and on eight of the nine subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory. Multivariate analysis indicated that after adjustments were made for age; ethnicity; pregnancy; recent rape; perceived risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; current, regular crack use; and current, regular alcohol use, sex traders scored 0.240 units higher on the General Severity Index than non-sex traders. Conclusions: Poor mental health and drug dependence may under-mine the motivation and ability of these sex traders to adopt safer sex behavior. Therefore, interventions need to be integrated with mental health services and drug treatment to reduce risk behavior in this population.
The lived experience of parental suicide bereavement for emerging adults
Creators: name: Schultz, Lara Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2012

description: Bibliography: p. 253-282
description: Includes copy of ethics approval. Original copy with original Partial Copyright Licence.
description: Over the past decade, research on suicide bereavement has grown. However, there remains a paucity ofresearch focused on adolescents' and emerging adults' responses to parental suicide. This existential phenomenological study was undertaken to enrich understandings of the lived experience of bereavement for young survivors of parental suicide in adolescence. Nine emerging adults, aged 20 to 27, who experienced the suicide death of a mother or father during adolescence, participated in interviews. Five overarching metathemes reveal the related elements that emerge and re-emerge to constitute the essence of parental suicide bereavement as lived by these participants: Context, Thrust into Loss, Encountering the Landscape of Suicide Bereavement, Navigating Meaning, and Bridging Loss and Adjustment. Together, these storied experiences collectively illuminate the long-term effects of parental suicide as well as factors relevant to adjustment, as these emerging adults encountered individual and relational grief processes in a landscape of life changed and shadowed by suicide bereavement. These findings are located in the context of current understandings related to grief after suicide. New and deepened insights into elements of parental suicide bereavement that are significant to survivors in the developmental phases of adolescence and emerging adulthood are discussed. Consideratiori'is given to the implications of these findings for the further development of bereavement theory;· future research endeavours, and counselling practice.
Human and wildlife conflicts
Creators: name: Clark, Larry
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Producer
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildlife management -- Congresses
subject: Range management -- Congresses

description: Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.
description: The National Wildlife Research Center (NWRC) is the research arm of the USDA's Wildlife Services program. The NWRC is charged with developing methods to resolve conflicts between humans and wildlife, spanning the areas of agriculture and natural resource protection, invasive species, wildlife disease, and product development. The broad scope of the NWRC missions illustrates the various levels wildlife interact with human activities, both positively and negatively. It is when the latter occurs that the NWRC becomes engaged to develop methods in a socially sensitive and responsible way to resolve those conflicts. NWRC scientists address issues in a multidisciplinary manner ranging from molecular and analytical chemical disciplines to ecological and wildlife management approaches. Regardless of the scientific approach, NWRC also address risks and solutions to problems within the social and economic context of management, public policy, and various public-private perspectives. Examples illustrating the range and integration of approaches will be discussed.
Correlates of Partner Violence Among Female Street-Based Sex Workers: Substance Abuse, History of Childhood Abuse, and HIV Risks
Creators: name: El-Bassel, Nabila
name: Witte, Susan S.
name: Wada, Takeshi
name: Gilbert, Louisa
name: Wallace, Joyce
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Social psychology

description: This study examines the prevalence of physical and sexual abuse by intimate and commercial sexual partners among street-based sex workers and explores correlates of partner abuse by commercial partners using the following factors: sociodemographics, substance abuse, sexual behavior, and physical and sexual childhood abuse. One hundred thirteen street sex workers were recruited from December 1996 through May 1997 while receiving services from the Foundations for Research on Sexually Transmitted Diseases (FROST'D), a nonprofit organization based in New York City. Partner abuse is a common occurrence among street sex workers. Two of three street prostitutes have experienced lifetime physical or sexual abuse by either an intimate or commercial partner. In addition, one of eight reported physical and sexual abuse by both intimate and commercial partners during her lifetime. Women who were homeless in the last year, those who reported exchanging for drugs and money as their main source of income, used injection drugs in the past year and had sex in crack houses, and who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive were more likely to be report combined physical and sexual abuse. Understanding the relationship between partner violence, victim's substance abuse, and HIV-risk behavior is important for the development of public policies and treatment and prevention strategies to address the constellation of problems that drug-using female street sex workers face.
title: On-call chest X-rays and tuberculosis: a lesson that should not be forgotten
Creators: name: Porrello, Giorgia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Infection
subject: Education and training
subject: Cavitation
subject: Education
subject: Complications
subject: Comparative studies
subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Thorax
subject: Lung
subject: Emergency
subject: Chest

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To review and correctly recognize the signs of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) on chest X-ray (CXR) and...
Superluminal neutrinos and the tachyon's stability in the rotating Universe
Creators: name: Konoplya, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well-known that a hypothetical particle which moves faster than the light, a \emph{tachyon}, is unstable in the Minkowski space-time. Here we shall show that, contrary to the Minkowski case, the tachyon is stable in the rotating Universe described by a family of the Gödel-like solutions, unless the absolute value of its mass is larger than some small constant which is related to the universe`s rotation scale and is many orders less than the electron`s mass. The smallness of this upper bound on the tachyon`s mass might be an explanation why we do not observe heavy tachyons. Mathematically, the stability bound is similar to the well-known Breitenlohner-Freedman bound for the asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS) space-times.
description: 10 pages, new material added, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B
$θ_{13}$ in Neutrino Mass Matrix with the Minimal Texture
Creators: name: Fukugita, Masataka
name: Shimizu, Yusuke
name: Tanimoto, Morimitsu
name: Yanagida, Tsutomu T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the neutrino mass matrix with the minimal texture leads to the neutrino mass and mixing that are empirically determined, including $θ_{13}$ that is measured recently at a high precision. This mass matrix, where the Majorana nature of the neutrino is essential, only allows the normal hierarchy of the neutrino mass, excluding either inverse mass hierarchy or degenerate mass neutrinos, and hence predicts the effective mass of double beta decay to lie within the range $m_{ee}=3.7-5.6$ eV.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, figures are revised
Additional file 6 of Rosaceae, Brassicaceae and pollen beetles: exploring relationships and evolution in an anthophilous beetle lineage (Nitidulidae, Meligethes-complex of genera) using an integrative approach
Creators: name: Liu, Meike
name: Huang, Min
name: Cline, Andrew Richard
name: Mancini, Emiliano
name: Scaramuzzi, Andrea
name: Paradisi, Simone
name: Audisio, Paolo
name: Badano, Davide
name: Sabatelli, Simone
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 6 The Bayesian tree of Meligethes-complex on analyses of the nuclear CAD gene. The posterior probabilities exceeding 50% are shown at nodes.
Self-Healing Multitier Architectures Using Cascading Rescue Points
Creators: name: Zavou, Angeliki
name: Portokalidis, Georgios
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Information science

description: Software bugs and vulnerabilities cause serious problems to both home users and the Internet infrastructure, limiting the availability of Internet services, causing loss of data, and reducing system integrity. Software self-healing using rescue points (RPs) is a known mechanism for recovering from unforeseen errors. However, applying it on multitier architectures can be problematic because certain actions, like transmitting data over the network, cannot be undone. We propose cascading rescue points (CRPs) to address the state inconsistency issues that can arise when using traditional RPs to recover from errors in interconnected applications. With CRPs, when an application executing within a RP transmits data, the remote peer is notified to also perform a checkpoint, so the communicating entities checkpoint in a coordinated, but loosely coupled way. Notifications are also sent when RPs successfully complete execution, and when recovery is initiated, so that the appropriate action is performed by remote parties. We developed a tool that implements CRPs by dynamically instrumenting binaries and transparently injecting notifications in the already established TCP channels between applications. We tested our tool with various applications, including the MySQL and Apache servers, and show that it allows them to successfully recover from errors, while incurring moderate overhead between 4.54% and 71.56%.
title: Role of radiograph shunt series in diagnosing extracranial complications of ventriculo-peritoneal shunt - a case series
Creators: name: Kanwal, Raana
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Observational
subject: Retrospective
subject: Education and training
subject: Complications
subject: CT
subject: Head and neck
subject: Emergency
subject: Anatomy
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the mainstay treatment modality for hydrocephalus. [1] Despite of being safe and frequently used neurosurgical intervention, malfunction remains a common complication and imaging is necessary for diagnosing the etiology...
Deep Spin-Glass Hysteresis Area Collapse and Scaling in the $d=3$ $\pm J$ Ising Model
Creators: name: Sarıyer, Ozan S.
name: Kabakcioglu, Alkan
name: Berker, A. Nihat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82D30

description: We investigate the dissipative loss in the $\pm J$ Ising spin glass in three dimensions through the scaling of the hysteresis area, for a maximum magnetic field that is equal to the saturation field. We perform a systematic analysis for the whole range of the bond randomness as a function of the sweep rate, by means of frustration-preserving hard-spin mean field theory. Data collapse within the entirety of the spin-glass phase driven adiabatically (i.e., infinitely-slow field variation) is found, revealing a power-law scaling of the hysteresis area as a function of the antiferromagnetic bond fraction and the temperature. Two dynamic regimes separated by a threshold frequency $ω_c$ characterize the dependence on the sweep rate of the oscillating field. For $ω< ω_c$, the hysteresis area is equal to its value in the adiabatic limit $ω= 0$, while for $ω> ω_c$ it increases with the frequency through another randomness-dependent power law.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Alignment using an uncalibrated camera system
Creators: name: Yoshimi, Billibon
name: Allen, Peter K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Robotics

description: We describe a method for the visual control of a robotic system which does not require the formulation of an explicit calibration between image coordinates and the world coordinates. By extracting control information directly from the image, we free our technique from the errors normally associated with a fixed calibration. We attach a camera system to a robot such that the camera system and the robot's gripper rotate simultaneously. As the camera system rotates about the gripper's rotational axis, the circular path traced out by a point-like feature projects to an elliptical path in image space. We gather the projected feature points over part of a rotation and fit the gathered data to an ellipse. The distance from the rotational axis to the feature point in world space is proportional to the size of the generated ellipse. As the rotational axis gets closer to the feature, the feature's projected path will form smaller and smaller ellipses. When the rotational axis is directly above the object, the trajectory degenerates from an ellipse to a single point. We demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm on the peg-in-hole problem.
title: Deepening the knowledge of tracheobronchial lesions.
Creators: name: Malmierca Ordoqui, Patricia
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Metastases
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Respiratory system
subject: Lung
subject: Chest

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To describe a stepwise diagnostic approach to focal tracheobronchial lesions in order to narrowtheirdifferential...
Metal--topological-insulator transition in the quantum kicked rotator with Z2 symmetry
Creators: name: van Nieuwenburg, E. P. L.
name: Edge, J. M.
name: Dahlhaus, J. P.
name: Tworzydło, J.
name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum kicked rotator is a periodically driven dynamical system with a metal-insulator transition. We extend the model so that it includes phase transitions between a metal and a topological insulator, in the universality class of the quantum spin Hall effect. We calculate the Z2 topological invariant using a scattering formulation that remains valid in the presence of disorder. The scaling laws at the phase transition can be studied efficiently by replacing one of the two spatial dimensions with a second incommensurate driving frequency. We find that the critical exponent does not depend on the topological invariant, in agreement with earlier independent results from the network model of the quantum spin Hall effect.
description: 5 figures, 6 pages
Transcriptional silencing of endogenous retroviruses : interplay between histone H3K9 methylation and DNA methylation
Creators: name: Leung, Danny Chi Yeu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are found in genomes of all higher eukaryotes. As retrotransposition is deleterious, pathways have evolved to repress these retroelements. While DNA methylation transcriptionally represses ERVs in differentiated cells, this epigenetic mark is dispensable for maintaining proviral silencing during early stages of mouse embryogenesis and in embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Studies in diverse species have found histone H3K9 methylation and DNA methylation to function together to repress retrotransposons. However, until recently, little was known about the role of this histone modification in proviral silencing in mESCs. Interestingly, our analysis of mESCs lacking G9a, an H3K9-specific lysine methyltransferase (KMTase) revealed that although ERVs lost H3K9 di-methylation (me2) and DNA methylation, they remained silent. Strikingly, the levels of H3K9 tri-methylation (me3) remained unaltered, suggesting that this mark may instead be responsible for maintaining these parasitic elements transcriptionally inactive. The first stage of my research focused on identifying the enzyme depositing H3K9me3 at ERVs and on determining its role in proviral silencing. I discovered that Setdb1, another H3K9-specific KMTase, was indeed depositing H3K9me3 at a subset of ERVs and was required for maintaining transcriptional repression. Interestingly, this silencing pathway operated independently of DNA methylation. Through collaboration, we also discovered that this pathway played a diminished role in differentiated cells. Taken together, these findings indicate the existence of a DNA methylation-independent proviral silencing pathway in mESCs. The second stage of my research focused on the establishment of transcriptional repression of newly integrated proviruses. By employing an exogenous retroviral construct, I discovered a dramatic silencing defect in mESCs lacking G9a, which phenocopied cells depleted of the de novo DNA methyltransferases. Furthermore, efficient DNA methylation of proviruses required G9a-mediated H3K9me2. These findings reveal that histone modifications and DNA methylation function in concert to defend the genome against invading retroviral elements in mESCs. Taken together with discoveries regarding the mechanism of DNA demethylation in early embryos, I propose that cells undergoing DNA methylation reprogramming predominantly employ histone modification-based pathways to maintain these parasitic elements in a silent state; however, the establishment of transcriptional repression for newly integrated elements also requires de novo DNA methylation.
Factors Affecting the Radii of Close-in Transiting Exoplanets
Creators: name: Enoch, B.
name: Cameron, A. Collier
name: Horne, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radius of an exoplanet may be affected by various factors, including irradiation, planet mass and heavy element content. A significant number of transiting exoplanets have now been discovered for which the mass, radius, semi-major axis, host star metallicity and stellar effective temperature are known. We use multivariate regression models to determine the dependence of planetary radius on planetary equilibrium temperature T_eq, planetary mass M_p, stellar metallicity [Fe/H], orbital semi-major axis a, and tidal heating rate H_tidal, for 119 transiting planets in three distinct mass regimes. We determine that heating leads to larger planet radii, as expected, increasing mass leads to increased or decreased radii of low-mass (<0.5R_J) and high-mass (>2.0R_J) planets, respectively (with no mass effect on Jupiter-mass planets), and increased host-star metallicity leads to smaller planetary radii, indicating a relationship between host-star metallicity and planet heavy element content. For Saturn-mass planets, a good fit to the radii may be obtained from log(R_p/R_J)=-0.077+0.450 log(M_p/M_J)-0.314[Fe/H]+0.671 log(a/AU)+0.398 log(T_eq/K). The radii of Jupiter-mass planets may be fit by log(R_p/R_J)=-2.217+0.856 log(T_eq/K)+0.291 log(a/AU). High-mass planets' radii are best fit by log(R_p/R_J)=-1.067+0.380 log(T_eq/K)-0.093 log(M_p/M_J)-0.057[Fe/H]+0.019 log(H_tidal/1x10^{20}). These equations produce a very good fit to the observed radii, with a mean absolute difference between fitted and observed radius of 0.11R_J. A clear distinction is seen between the core-dominated Saturn-mass (0.1-0.5M_J) planets, whose radii are determined almost exclusively by their mass and heavy element content, and the gaseous envelope-dominated Jupiter-mass (0.5-2.0M_J) planets, whose radii increase strongly with irradiating flux, partially offset by a power-law dependence on orbital separation.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted in A&A
Acculturation, Familism and Mother–Daughter Relations Among Suicidal and Non-Suicidal Adolescent Latinas
Creators: name: Zayas, Luis H.
name: Bright, Charlotte L.
name: Alvarez-Sanchez, Thyria
name: Cabassa, Leopoldo J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Mental health
Hispanic Americans

description: We examined the role of acculturation, familism and Latina mother–daughter relations in suicide attempts by comparing 65 adolescents with recent suicide attempts and their mothers to 75 teens without any attempts and their mothers. Attempters and non-attempters were similar in acculturation and familistic attitudes but attempters report significantly less mutuality and communication with their mothers than non-attempters. Mothers of attempters reported lower mutuality and communication with their daughters than mothers of non-attempters. Small increments in mutuality decreased the probability of a suicide attempt by 57%. Acculturation and familism do not appear to play major roles in suicide attempts but relational factors may. Instituting school-based psychoeducational groups for young Latinas, particularly in middle school, and their parents, separately and jointly, and focusing on raising effective communication and mutuality between parents and adolescent daughters are important primary prevention strategies.
Large-scale conservation: engaging agencies, organizations, landowners and funders
Creators: name: Manes, Robert
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Producer
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildlife management -- Congresses
subject: Range management -- Congresses

description: Presented at the 8th international congress for wildlife and livelihoods on private and communal lands: livestock, tourism, and spirit, that was held on September 7-12, 2014 in Estes Park, Colorado.
description: Presented during Welcome Remarks & Plenary Session I.
description: The concept of affecting conservation at large scales is relatively simple: If strategies can be applied across traditional boundaries, then fragmenting effects of development and land management can be ameliorated for species that rely on large and intact habitats. The challenge, however, is that landscapes have multiple ownerships and land uses, and conservation entities often are insular. Individual organizations and agencies often lack resources, expertise, authority, and relationships essential to success. Agencies, non-government organizations, and landowners may exist in the same geographies without developing cooperative relationships necessary for large-scale conservation. Three case studies illustrate how this can be overcome. Common success factors include strong partnerships between government, non-government organizations, and landowners; and building broad recognition of the projects' merit. The case studies examined here include Montana's Rocky Mountain Front, Fortin Chacabuco Ranch near the Argentina-Chile border, and eastern Kansas' Flint Hills. In each case, the need for large-scale conservation is illuminated by one or more wide-ranging non-migratory species, and by a still-intact ecosystem that is significantly diminished across its former geographic expression. Also, in each case, conservation success resulted from either purposeful, or initially chance, cooperation between government agencies, NGOs, funders, and private landowners. This cooperation precipitated support for the projects, but also understanding among diverse and sometimes opposing interests. The purpose of this presentation is to strengthen the conservation community's ability to strategically and purposefully form and deploy the alliances necessary to achieve lasting large-scale conservation.