cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A hybrid simulation of gravitational wave production in first-order phase transitions
Creators: name: Jinno, Ryusuke
name: Konstandin, Thomas
name: Rubira, Henrique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LISA telescope will provide the first opportunity to probe the scenario of a first-order phase transition happening close to the electroweak scale. By now, it is evident that the main contribution to the GW spectrum comes from the sound waves propagating through the plasma. Current estimates of the GW spectrum are based on numerical simulations of a scalar field interacting with the plasma or on analytical approximations -- the so-called sound shell model. In this work we present a novel setup to calculate the GW spectra from sound waves. We use a hybrid method that uses a 1d simulation (with spherical symmetry) to evolve the velocity and enthalpy profiles of a single bubble after collision and embed it in a 3d realization of multiple bubble collisions, assuming linear superposition of the velocity and enthalpy. The main advantage of our method compared to 3d hydrodynamic simulations is that it does not require to resolve the scale of bubble wall thickness. This makes our simulations more economical and the only two relevant physical length scales that enter are the bubble size and the shell thickness (that are in turn enclosed by the box size and the grid spacing). The reduced costs allow for extensive parameter studies and we provide a parametrization of the final GW spectrum as a function of the wall velocity and the fluid kinetic energy.
description: 31 pages, 19 figures. In v2 we improved the initial conditions of our simulation
Do Lower Prices For Polluting Goods Make Environmental Externalities Worse?
Creators: name: Brennan, Timothy J.
name: Brennan, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environment
subject: regulatory policy
subject: externalities
subject: electricity restructuring

description: Lower prices for polluting goods will increase their sales and the pollution that results from their production or use. Conventional intuition suggests that this relationship implies a greater need for environmental policy when prices of "dirty" goods fall. But the economic inefficiency resulting overproduction of polluting goods may fall, not rise, as the cost of producing those goods falls. While lower costs exacerbate overproduction, they also reduce the difference between private benefit and the total social cost--the sum of private and external costs--associated with that overproduction. We derive a test, based on readily observed or estimated parameters for conditions in which the latter effect outweighs the former. In such cases, making a dirty good cheaper to produce may reduce the need for pollution policy. This test, with minor modifications, can be applied where the dirty good is not competitive, demand rather than supply drives the increase in output, and abatement in production can reduce pollution. The analysis may speak to whether stricter air pollution regulations should accompany policies to reduce electricity costs by making power generation more competitive.
The Economic and Policy Setting of Renewable Energy: Where Do Things Stand?
Creators: name: Darmstadter, Joel
name: Darmstadter, Joel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: renewable energy
subject: electricity
subject: windpower
subject: externalities

description: This paper looks at the status and prospects of renewables-with particular emphasis on windpower-in the electric power sector. Although renewables account for a steadily rising share of electricity generation in various countries, their role remains small in absolute terms. In part, this is because of technological progress of and successful competition from fossil-fueled generation-notably, combined cycle gas turbines. While diminishing, subsidies continue to be indispensable to the use of renewables in most places. Viability of renewables-based electricity is undermined by the cost of externalities for which fossil energy combustion is only partially charged. A number of countries (and states in the U.S.) have launched obligatory requirements for renewables-based electricity in the years ahead. This so-called "renewable portfolio standard," while technology-forcing, offers an opportunity for an economically efficient way of promoting greater market penetration of renewables.
Measurement of the Free Neutron Lifetime using the Neutron Spectrometer on NASA's Lunar Prospector Mission
Creators: name: Wilson, Jack T.
name: Lawrence, David J.
name: Peplowski, Patrick N.
name: Eke, Vincent R.
name: Kegerreis, Jacob A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use data from the Lunar Prospector Neutron Spectrometer to make the second space-based measurement of the free neutron lifetime finding $τ_n=887 \pm 14_\text{stat}{\:^{+7}_{-3\:\text{syst}}}$ s, which is within 1$σ$ of the accepted value. This measurement expands the range of planetary bodies where the neutron lifetime has been quantified from space, and by extending the modeling to account for non-uniform elemental composition, we mitigated a significant source of systematic uncertainty on the previous space-based lifetime measurement. This modeling moves space-based neutron lifetime measurement towards the ultimate goal of reducing the magnitude of the systematics on a future space-measurement to the level of those seen in laboratory-based experiments.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables, accepted in PRC; revised modeling and systematic error analysis following referee's suggestion, reduced uncertainties
Periodically refreshed baths to simulate open quantum many-body dynamics
Creators: name: Purkayastha, Archak
name: Guarnieri, Giacomo
name: Campbell, Steve
name: Prior, Javier
name: Goold, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Obtaining dynamics of an interacting quantum many-body system connected to multiple baths initially at different, finite, temperatures and chemical potentials is a challenging problem. This is due to a combination of the prevalence of strong correlations in the system, the infinite nature of the baths and the long time to reach steady state. In this work we develop a general formalism that allows access to the full non-Markovian dynamics of such open quantum many-body systems up to the non-equilibrium steady state (NESS), provided its uniqueness. Specifically, we show how finite-time evolution in presence of finite-sized baths, whose opportune size is determined by their original spectral density, can be recursively used to faithfully reconstruct the exact dynamics without requiring any small parameter. Such a reconstruction is possible even in parameter regimes which would otherwise be inaccessible by current state-of-the-art techniques. We specifically demonstrate this by obtaining the full numerically exact non-Markovian dynamics of interacting fermionic chains in two terminal set-ups with finite temperature and voltage biases, a problem which previously remained outstanding despite its relevance in a wide range of contexts, for example, quantum heat engines and refrigerators.
Charting Needed Areas of Rural Sociological Research in the South
Creators: name: Hamilton, C. Horace
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1940
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: [Contents:] Fields of Rural Sociological Research, The Field of Standards of Living, Social Status and Social Security, The Field of Population Research, The Field of Community Organization, Social and Agricultural Planning, Conclusion.
description: Address, the Southern Conference-Seminar on Teaching and Research in Rural Sociology, Blue Ridge, North Carolina, August 26-30, 1940.
Optimal Radio Window for the Detection of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays and Neutrinos off the Moon
Creators: name: Scholten, O.
name: Bacelar, J.
name: Braun, R.
name: de Bruyn, A. G.
name: Falcke, H.
name: Stappers, B.
name: Strom, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When high-energy cosmic rays impinge on a dense dielectric medium, radio waves are produced through the Askaryan effect. We show that at wavelengths comparable to the length of the shower produced by an Ultra-High Energy cosmic ray or neutrino, radio signals are an extremely efficient way to detect these particles. Through an example it is shown that this new approach offers, for the first time, the realistic possibility of measuring UHE neutrino fluxes below the Waxman-Bahcall limit. It is shown that in only one month of observing with the upcoming LOFAR radio telescope, cosmic-ray events can be measured beyond the GZK-limit, at a sensitivity level of two orders of magnitude below the extrapolated values.
description: Submitted to Astroparticle Physics
Enhanced magnetic moment and conductive behavior in NiFe2O4 spinel ultrathin films
Creators: name: Lueders, Ulrike
name: Bibes, Manuel
name: Bobo, Jean-Francois
name: Cantoni, Matteo
name: Bertacco, Riccardo
name: Fontcuberta, Josep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk NiFe2O4 is an insulating ferrimagnet. Here, we report on the epitaxial growth of spinel NiFe2O4 ultrathin films onto SrTiO3 single-crystals. We will show that - under appropriate growth conditions - epitaxial stabilization leads to the formation of a spinel phase with magnetic and electrical properties that radically differ from those of the bulk material : an enhanced magnetic moment (Ms) - about 250% larger - and a metallic character. A systematic study of the thickness dependence of Ms allows to conclude that its enhanced value is due to an anomalous distribution of the Fe and Ni cations among the A and B sites of the spinel structure resulting from the off-equilibrium growth conditions and to interface effects. The relevance of these findings for spinel- and, more generally, oxide-based heterostructures is discussed. We will argue that this novel material could be an alternative ferromagetic-metallic electrode in magnetic tunnel junctions.
description: accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Doubly Modulated Optical Lattice Clock Interference and Topology
Creators: name: Lu, Xiao-Tong
name: Wang, Tao
name: Li, Ting
name: Zhou, Chi-Hua
name: Yin, Mo-Juan
name: Wang, Ye-Bing
name: Zhang, Xue-Feng
name: Chang, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum system under periodical modulation is the simplest path to understand the quantum non-equilibrium system, because it can be well described by the effective static Floquet Hamiltonian. Under the stroboscopic measurement, the initial phase is usually irrelevant. However, if two uncorrelated parameters are modulated, their relative phase can not be gauged out, so that the physics can be dramatically changed. Here, we simultaneously modulate the frequency of the lattice laser and the Rabi frequency in an optical lattice clock (OLC) system. Thanks to ultra-high precision and ultra-stability of OLC, the relative phase could be fine-tuned. As a smoking gun, we observed the interference between two Floquet channels. Finally, by experimentally detecting the eigen-energies, we demonstrate the relation between effective Floquet Hamiltonian and 1-D topological insulator with high winding number. Our experiment not only provides a direction for detecting the phase effect, but also paves a way in simulating quantum topological phase in OLC platform.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, almost published version, comments are welcome and more information at http://cqutp.org/users/xfzhang/
Relic Neutrino Degeneracies and Their Impact on Cosmological Parameters
Creators: name: Yeung, Shek
name: Lau, King
name: Chu, M. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the standard $Λ$CDM model, neutrinos are treated as radiation, with their masses and possible degeneracy ignored. In this paper, we compute the impact of a finite relic neutrino degeneracy $ξ$ on the CMB angular power spectra, and obtain constraints on $ξ$ using current cosmological data sets. We find that $ξ\approx O(1)$ is still allowed. We also study the correlations between $ξ$, the Hubble parameter $H_0$, and the spectral index $n_s$. Due to these correlations, the CMB constraints on inflation models are loosened when $ξ$ is fitted together with other cosmological parameters, such that some models excluded at 95% confidence level by standard fittings without $ξ$ could be revived. Furthermore, the tension in CMB and local measurements of $H_0$ is slightly alleviated. Our results suggest that $ξ$ is a non-negligible physical parameter for cosmological analyses.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures; minor changes to match the published JCAP version
Kiaeroceras undefined-B
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Cyrtogomphoceratidae
Kiaeroceras
Kiaeroceras undefined-B

description: Kiaeroceras sp. B
Fig. 35A–B
Material examined
ESTONIA • 1 spec.; Vormsi Island, Saxby shore; Kõrgessaare Formation, Vormsi Regional Stage; GIT 878-161.
Description
The specimen is an almost tubular, almost straight fragment of a mature body. The conch surface is poorly preserved but apparently smooth. The conch cross section is drop-shaped with a widely rounded antisiphuncular and a narrower prosiphuncular side. The conch height and width are 43 mm and 37 mm, respectively (CHI = 1.4). The body chamber is 63 mm long, without constriction. The remaining peristome appears to be straight and directly transverse. The base of the body chamber indicates that the sutures formed shallow lateral lobes. The siphuncle is nearly marginal, and the septal foramen has a width of 4 mm (RSH = 0.09).
Remarks
The fragment is relatively strongly compressed compared with other Estonian specimens of Kiaeroceras. Its adult body chamber height is smaller than in the Norwegian species.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on page 111, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Propagation Effects on the Breakdown of a Linear Amplifier Model: Complex-Mass Schrodinger Equation Driven by the Square of a Gaussian Field
Creators: name: Mounaix, Philippe
name: Collet, Pierre
name: Lebowitz, Joel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solutions to the equation $\partial_t{\cal E}(x,t)-\frac{i}{2m}Δ{\cal E}(x,t)=λ| S(x,t)|^2{\cal E}(x,t)$ are investigated, where $S(x,t)$ is a complex Gaussian field with zero mean and specified covariance, and $m\ne 0$ is a complex mass with ${\rm Im}(m)\ge 0$. For real $m$ this equation describes the backscattering of a smoothed laser beam by an optically active medium. Assuming that $S(x,t)$ is the sum of a finite number of independent complex Gaussian random variables, we obtain an expression for the value of $λ$ at which the $q$-th moment of $| {\cal E}(x,t)|$ w.r.t. the Gaussian field $S$ diverges. This value is found to be less or equal for all $m\ne 0$, ${\rm Im}(m)\ge 0$ and $| m|
description: REVTeX file, 21 pages, updated references and corrected typos
Environmental Decentralization in the United States: Seeking the Proper Balance between National and State Authority
Creators: name: Laskowski, Stanley
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Laskowski, Stanley
name: Morgenstern, Richard D.
name: Blackman, Allen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental decentralization
subject: environmental administration

description: This paper examines the United States' experience with environmental decentralization, focusing on the relationship between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the states. It outlines the factors that are considered in determining the appropriate degree of decentralization, the advantages and disadvantages of decentralization, how the EPA-state relationship has evolved over the years, and the structural mechanisms used to ensure that there is a high degree of performance by EPA and the states in administering the programs. Program-specific examples of the EPA-state relationship are also provided.
Deploying a Task-based Runtime System on Raspberry Pi Clusters
Creators: name: Gupta, Nikunj
name: Brandt, Steve R.
name: Wagle, Bibek
name: Nanmiao
name: Kheirkhahan, Alireza
name: Diehl, Patrick
name: Kaiser, Hartmut
name: Baumann, Felix W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Arm technology is becoming increasingly important in HPC. Recently, Fugaku, an \arm-based system, was awarded the number one place in the Top500 list. Raspberry Pis provide an inexpensive platform to become familiar with this architecture. However, Pis can also be useful on their own. Here we describe our efforts to configure and benchmark the use of a Raspberry Pi cluster with the HPX/Phylanx platform (normally intended for use with HPC applications) and document the lessons we learned. First, we highlight the required changes in the configuration of the Pi to gain performance. Second, we explore how limited memory bandwidth limits the use of all cores in our shared memory benchmarks. Third, we evaluate whether low network bandwidth affects distributed performance. Fourth, we discuss the power consumption and the resulting trade-off in cost of operation and performance.
Lessons for the Forest Service from State Trust Land Management Experience
Creators: name: Fairfax, Sally
name: Fairfax, Sally
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: state
subject: trust principles
subject: non-delegation
subject: arbitrary and capricious
subject: prudence
subject: portfolio
subject: risk management
subject: institutional flexibility

description: This paper argues that state trust land management experience is potentially a source of valuable insights and examples for the U.S. Forest Service. The paper sketches historic and current trends in public resource administration to define what constitutes useful new ideas which might aid the agency in its present crisis. In spite of being this nation's oldest approach to public resource management, the state trust lands are an appropriate source of new ideas in an era in which, the paper suggests: (1) the courts are receding as a major source of executive accountability, (2) the legitimacy of federal agencies, particularly those whose authority is rooted in science, is declining, and (3) the institutional framework for public resource management is rapidly fragmenting and diversifying. The Forest Service could fruitfully explore (1) the trust standard of prudence, particularly requirements for trustee accountability and record keeping; (2) the role of the beneficiary in trust accountability and constituency building; (3) the state trust manager's adaptation of the trust notion of a portfolio and risk management; and (4) state trust land agency's different approaches to tying program funding to income without eliminating the legislature's role in appropriations. The trust mandate as embodied in western trust land management organizations also provides (5) examples of institutional flexibility that could be instructive to the agency in this new era of partnerships, and (6) a raft of experience doing the same thing the Forest Service does (e.g., leasing grazing and minerals) which ought to inform Forest Service consideration of alternative management tools.
Permutation Polynomial Interleavers: An Algebraic-Geometric Perspective
Creators: name: Takeshita, Oscar Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An interleaver is a critical component for the channel coding performance of turbo codes. Algebraic constructions are important because they admit analytical designs and simple, practical hardware implementation. The spread factor of an interleaver is a common measure for turbo coding applications. Maximum-spread interleavers are interleavers whose spread factors achieve the upper bound. An infinite sequence of quadratic permutation polynomials over integer rings that generate maximum-spread interleavers is presented. New properties of permutation polynomial interleavers are investigated from an algebraic-geometric perspective resulting in a new non-linearity metric for interleavers. A new interleaver metric that is a function of both the non-linearity metric and the spread factor is proposed. It is numerically demonstrated that the spread factor has a diminishing importance with the block length. A table of good interleavers for a variety of interleaver lengths according to the new metric is listed. Extensive computer simulation results with impressive frame error rates confirm the efficacy of the new metric. Further, when tail-biting constituent codes are used, the resulting turbo codes are quasi-cyclic.
description: 25 pages, 11 figures, 6 tables, submitted to IEEE Trans. on Inform. Theory
Surface and curvature properties of charged strangelets in compact objects
Creators: name: Lugones, G.
name: Grunfeld, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Droplets of absolutely stable strange quark matter (strangelets) immersed in a lepton background may be the energetically preferred composition of strange star crusts and of the interior of a new class of stars known as strangelet dwarfs. In this work we calculate the surface tension $σ$ and the curvature coefficient $γ$ of charged strangelets as a function of the baryon number density, the temperature, the chemical potential of trapped neutrinos, the strangelet size, the electric potential and the electric charge at their boundary. Strange quark matter in chemical equilibrium and with global electric charge neutrality is described within the MIT bag model. We focus on three different astrophysical scenarios, namely cold strange stars, proto strange stars and post merger strange stars. Finite size effects are implemented within the multiple reflection expansion framework. We find that $σ$ decreases significantly as the strangelet's boundary becomes more positively charged. This occurs because $σ$ is dominated by the contribution of $s$ quarks which are the most massive particles in the system. Negatively charged $s$-quarks are suppressed in strangelets with a large positive electric charge, diminishing their contribution to $σ$ and resulting in smaller values of the total $σ$. We verify that the more extreme astrophysical scenarios, with higher temperatures and higher neutrino chemical potentials, allow higher positive values of the strangelet's electric charge at the boundary and consequently smaller values of $σ$. In contrast, $γ$ is strongly dominated by the density of light ($u$ and $d$) quarks and is quite independent of the charge-per-baryon ratio, the temperature and neutrino trapping. We discuss the relative importance of surface and curvature effects as well as some astrophysical consequences of these results.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
MPEC 2024-A112 : 2024 AR2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AR2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
COST BY MILK SOLD AND HERD SIZE, 1995
Creators: name: Nott, Sherrill B.
name: Nott, Sherrill B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This staff paper presents the 1995 financial and production results of a sample of Michigan dairy farms in two ways. First, the sample is divided into groups by size of herd; averages for each group of several costs and factors are shown. Second, the sample is divided by milk sold per cow; factors that vary with milk production are discussed. Appendix tables give all the cost data available from the accounting summary. A major conclusion from this data is that neither size nor production per cow consistently explains much about the major variability in profits that occur from farm to farm, given the analysis done. Average results on a few farms with over 300 cows may be of cursory interest. (Note: Figure 1 does not appear in the electronic file.)
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS AND EFFICIENCY IN PUBLIC EXPENDITURE
Creators: name: Schmid, A. Allan
name: Schmid, A. Allan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Benefit-Cost Analysis involves several steps: development of a program information structure (product categories), estimating the production function, pricing benefits and costs, adjusting for opportunity costs, choice of investment criteria, and incorporating uncertainty. Each step involves conflicts of interest that can only be resolved by political (collective) choice of property rights assigning opportunities to the various interest groups. The rules of benefit-cost analysis for public expenditure are equivalent of private property rights established by legislative and court decisions for the market economy. The traditional separation of technical analysis and political choice is not longer tenable. Theory and practice point to a more interactive, iterative relationship between analysts and politicians.
COST OF FRESH MARKET CELERY PRODUCTION IN SOUTHWESTERN MICHIGAN
Creators: name: Dartt, Barbara
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Breinling, Jim
name: Morrone, Vicki
name: Dartt, Barbara
name: Black, J. Roy
name: Breinling, Jim
name: Morrone, Vicki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This bulletin represents a tool that can help producers, consultants, educators, and agribusinesses working with producers estimate costs of production and expected profit based on "typical" celery management strategies found in southwestern Michigan. The budget included in this bulletin will allow users to revise inputs based on their management strategies and calculate their expected cost and profit. This flexibility provides a decision aid to search for systems that generate higher net returns to the farm's resource base.
Morris-Thorne Wormhole in the Vector-Tensor theories with Abelian gauge symmetry breaking
Creators: name: Li, Ai-chen
name: Li, Xin-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct an asymptotically flat Morris-Thorne wormhole solution supported by anisotropic matter fluid and a vector field which is coupled to gravity in a non-minimal way with broken Abelian gauge symmetry. In this paper, a specific shape function is considered. We find that the ansatz of vector field plays a significant role in determining the spacetime geometry of the wormhole. If there exists the electrostatic potential only, the redshift function could be considered as a constant value, implying the vanishing tidal force. However, when the vector potential in radial-direction is involved, the r-component of extended Maxwell equations at the wormhole's throat is invalid. To solve this issue, a thin shell is introduced near the throat, dividing the spacetime into two parts. Furthermore, it is proved that the spacetime geometry of wormhole could be smooth at junction position if the expressions of redshift function and vector potential are given appropriately. Finally, the energy conditions and the volume integral quantifer are explored.
Coulomb distortion of relativistic electrons in the nuclear electrostatic field
Creators: name: Aste, Andreas
name: von Arx, Cyrill
name: Trautmann, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Continuum states of the Dirac equation are calculated numerically for the electrostatic field generated by the charge distribution of an atomic nucleus. The behavior of the wave functions of an incoming electron with a given asymptotic momentum in the nuclear region is discussed in detail and the results are compared to different approximations used in the data analysis for quasielastic electron scattering off medium and highly charged nuclei. It is found that most of the approximations provide an accurate description of the electron wave functions in the range of electron energies above 100 MeV typically used in experiments for quasielastic electron scattering off nuclei only near the center of the nucleus. It is therefore necessary that the properties of exact wave functions are investigated in detail in order to obtain reliable results in the data analysis of quasielastic (e,e'p) knockout reactions or inclusive quasielastic (e,e') scattering. Detailed arguments are given that the effective momentum approximation with a fitted potential parameter is a viable method for a simplified treatment of Coulomb corrections for certain kinematical regions used in experiments. Numerical calculations performed within the framework of the single particle shell model for nucleons lead to the conclusion that our results are incompatible with calculations performed about a decade ago, where exact electron wave functions were used in order to calculate Coulomb corrections in distorted wave Born approximation. A discussion of the exact solutions of the Dirac equation for free electrons in a Coulomb field generated by a point-like charge and some details relevant for the numerical calculations are given in the appendix.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, LATEX, one new section and some references added
DEMAND OVERVIEW FOR ORGANIC PRODUCE
Creators: name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
name: Phillips, Jon C.
name: Peterson, H. Christopher
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The market for organic food has been growing 20% per year for the past nine years. Fruits and vegetables are a large part of the organic market, accounting for more than $670 million in retail sales annually. This presents an opportunity for entry of new agricultural producers, and the expansion of existing organic growers. Similarly to other businesses, organic producers will succeed by providing customer value. The best opportunity for organic growers to achieve this is to focus on increasing the perceived benefits of the product. Examples of benefits for organic growers to focus on are: favorable environmental impacts, positive health benefits, and positive effects on the local economy. Since the market for organic fruits and vegetables is currently small relative to the overall food market, a market segmentation strategy is advisable. Two market segments, the "True Naturals" and the "New Green Mainstream" have been identified as the core market for natural products. Marketing efforts should be focused on appealing to one (or both) of these groups. Six major marketing channels were considered, with positive aspects and barriers/potential pitfalls given for each. The two easiest channels to enter, in terms of lowest financial capital and networking requirements, are farm markets (on-site) and farmers' markets. These alternatives may have limited volume potential, however. The upside of marketing to distributors, retailers, and restaurants is the potential to market a substantially larger volume than would be possible through marketing direct to consumers. Significant barriers must be overcome to market to these more complex buyers, however. The best way to enter these channels (i.e., distributors, retailers, and restaurants) is for growers to pool resources and work together as a group.
Kaiser, Marcus Urs, Deutscher Kirchenkampf und Schweizer Öffentlichkeit in den Jahren 1933 und 1934
Creators: name: Jaspert, Bernd
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 3 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 3
DETERMINANTS OF FERTILIZER ADOPTION BY AFRICAN FARMERS: POLICY ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK, ILLUSTRATIVE EVIDENCE, AND IMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Yanggen, David
name: Crawford, Eric W.
name: Reardon, Thomas
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Yanggen, David
name: Crawford, Eric W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: No abstract available.
Asymmetry of recoil protons in neutron beta-decay
Creators: name: Gudkov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A complete analysis of proton recoil asymmetry in neutron decay in the first order of radiative and recoil corrections is presented. The possible contributions from new physics are calculated in terms of low energy coupling constants, and the sensitivity of the measured asymmetry to models beyond the Standard model are discussed.
A comparison of land use and Coho salmon abundance in the Georgia Basin, British Columbia
Creators: name: Morlin, Maria Gabrielle Tamara
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Coho salmon (pnayrhynchus kisutch) declines in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia have been attributed to overfishing, marine survival, and habitat loss; however, the relative impact of each is difficult to ascertain. In many cases of commercial fish population declines, factors other than fishing are blamed. In British Columbia considerable funding is allocated to habitat restoration projects; however, if spawners fail to colonize streams, then funding and effort may be wasted. I investigated the contribution of freshwater habitat loss in the Georgia and Lower Fraser Basins of British Columbia to a substantial decline in coho salmon abundance from mid-1970 to 1995. I used land use as an indicator of potential habitat loss and degradation for an index set of watersheds and measured land use change over four decades using aerial photos and a Geographic Information System. I compared land use to coho escapement and coho fry for sixteen watersheds and over three time periods (1955, 1975 and 1995) using linear regressions. I found no significant relationships between mean coho escapement and land use for each time period. Land use change over time was not related to the realized rate of population growth (g) for coho or coho fry. Coho fry abundance was positively related to proportion old growth in a watershed, and negatively related to proportion urban land use in the 1995 time period.
SOURCES OF SOCIAL CAPITAL
Creators: name: Schmid, A. Allan
name: Schmid, A. Allan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: If the capital metaphor is to be taken seriously, social capital must focus on sources and not consequences. Human motive is the equivalent of physical capital goods which can perform transformative functions such as creating utility for one person out of the consumption of another and solving free rider problems. The focus on consequences of social capital cannot distinguish a gift motivated by affinity from a goods transfer motivated by moral obligation or promise of selfish gain. Motive is important if we are to understand investment and depreciation in social capital. The paper develops and tests a survey instrument to measure the predominant motive describing the relationships among people in eight Michigan communities with different socio-economic characteristics. Such a social capital account would allow community stocks to be compared and tracked over time.
3D MHD Simulations of Accretion onto Stars with Tilted Magnetic and Rotational Axes
Creators: name: Romanova, M. M.
name: Koldoba, A. V.
name: Ustyugova, G. V.
name: Blinova, A. A.
name: Lai, D.
name: Lovelace, R. V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of global three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of accretion onto magnetized stars where both the magnetic and rotational axes of the star are tilted about the rotational axis of the disc. We observed that initially the inner parts of the disc are warped, tilted, and process due to the magnetic interaction between the magnetosphere and the disc. Later, larger tilted discs form with the size increasing with the magnetic moment of the star. The normal vector to the discs are tilted at different angles, from 5-10 degrees up to 30-40 degrees. Small tilts may result from the winding of the magnetic field lines about the rotational axis of the star and the action of the magnetic force which tends to align the disc. Another possible explanation is the magnetic Bardeen-Petterson effect in which the disc settles in the equatorial plane of the star due to precessional and viscous torques in the disc. Tilted discs slowly precess with the time scale of the order of 50 Keplerian periods at the reference radius (approx. 3 stellar radii). Our results can be applied to different types of stars where signs of tilted discs and/or slow precession have been observed.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures, MNRAS, accepted. The new version of the paper is more complete compared with the earlier version
REGIONAL POVERTY IN MICHIGAN: RURAL AND URBAN DIFFERENCE
Creators: name: Nizalov, Denys
name: Schmid, A. Allan
name: Nizalov, Denys
name: Schmid, A. Allan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper examines the relationship between the quality of local labor force and variation in regional poverty outcomes among Michigan areas. A regional poverty model is derived from the household production model for that purpose. The US Census 2000 data on small geographical areas of Michigan (Census Block Groups) is used for the analysis. It is found that the difference in regional poverty is explained primarily by differences in quality and quantity of labor available to a household. Second, heterogeneity of the model is detected with respect to a degree of urbanization. Also, the relation between average income and regional poverty is found to be nonlinear and distribution of income playing a major role in explanation poverty. Higher poverty rates in rural areas tend to persist over time.
Multi-view Graph Contrastive Representation Learning for Drug-Drug Interaction Prediction
Creators: name: Wang, Yingheng
name: Min, Yaosen
name: Chen, Xin
name: Wu, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.6; I.2.2

description: Drug-drug interaction(DDI) prediction is an important task in the medical health machine learning community. This study presents a new method, multi-view graph contrastive representation learning for drug-drug interaction prediction, MIRACLE for brevity, to capture inter-view molecule structure and intra-view interactions between molecules simultaneously. MIRACLE treats a DDI network as a multi-view graph where each node in the interaction graph itself is a drug molecular graph instance. We use GCNs and bond-aware attentive message passing networks to encode DDI relationships and drug molecular graphs in the MIRACLE learning stage, respectively. Also, we propose a novel unsupervised contrastive learning component to balance and integrate the multi-view information. Comprehensive experiments on multiple real datasets show that MIRACLE outperforms the state-of-the-art DDI prediction models consistently.
description: In Proceedings of the Web Conference 2021 (WWW '21)
Nonlocal superconducting quantum interference device
Creators: name: Noh, Taewan
name: Kindseth, Andrew
name: Chandrasekhar, Venkat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) that incorporate two superconductor/insulator/superconductor (SIS) Josephson junctions in a closed loop form the core of some of the most sensitive detectors of magnetic and electric fields currently available. SQUIDs in these applications are typically operated with a finite voltage which generates microwave radiation through the ac Josephson effect. This radiation may impact the system being measured. We describe here a SQUID in which the Josephson junctions are formed from strips of normal metal (N) in good electrical contact with the superconductor (S). Such SNS SQUIDs can be operated under a finite voltage bias with performance comparable or potentially better than conventional SIS SQUIDs. However, they also permit a novel mode of operation that is based on the unusual interplay of quasiparticle currents and supercurrents in the normal metal of the Josephson junction. The new method allows measurements of the flux dependence of the critical current of the SNS SQUID without applying a finite voltage bias across the SNS junction, enabling sensitive flux detection without generating microwave radiation.
Specific Heat of a Quantum Critical Metal
Creators: name: Grossman, Ori
name: Hofmann, Johannes S.
name: Holder, Tobias
name: Berg, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the specific heat, $c$, near an Ising nematic quantum critical point (QCP), using sign problem-free quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Cooling towards the QCP, we find a broad regime of temperature where $c/T$ is close to the value expected from the non-interacting band structure, even for a moderately large coupling strength. At lower temperature, we observe a rapid rise of $c/T$, followed by a drop to zero as the system becomes superconducting. The spin susceptibility begins to drop at roughly the same temperature where the enhancement of $c/T$ onsets, most likely due to the opening of a gap associated with superconducting fluctuations. These findings suggest that superconductivity and non-Fermi liquid behavior (manifested in an enhancement of the effective mass) onset at comparable energy scales. We support these conclusions with an analytical perturbative calculation.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Functional Theory for Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Liebert, Julia
name: Schilling, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One-particle reduced density matrix functional theory would potentially be the ideal approach for describing Bose-Einstein condensates. It namely replaces the macroscopically complex wavefunction by the simple one-particle reduced density matrix, therefore provides direct access to the degree of condensation and still recovers quantum correlations in an exact manner. We eventually initiate and establish this novel theory by deriving the respective universal functional $\mathcal{F}$ for general homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates with arbitrary pair interaction. Most importantly, the successful derivation necessitates a particle-number conserving modification of Bogoliubov theory and a solution of the common phase dilemma of functional theories. We then illustrate this novel approach in several bosonic systems such as homogeneous Bose gases and the Bose-Hubbard model. Remarkably, the general form of $\mathcal{F}$ reveals the existence of a universal Bose-Einstein condensation force which provides an alternative and more fundamental explanation for quantum depletion.
description: close to published version
On the perturbative expansion of a quantum field theory around a topological sector
Creators: name: Rovelli, Carlo
name: Speziale, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea of treating general relativistic theories in a perturbative expansion around a topological theory has been recently put forward in the quantum gravity literature. Here we investigate the viability of this idea, by applying it to conventional Yang--Mills theory on flat spacetime. We find that the expansion around the topological theory coincides with the usual expansion around the abelian theory, though the equivalence is non-trivial. In this context, the technique appears therefore to be viable, but not to bring particularly new insights. Some implications for gravity are discussed.
description: 7 pages
Anharmonic vs. relaxational sound damping in glasses: II. Vitreous silica
Creators: name: Vacher, R.
name: Courtens, E.
name: Foret, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependence of the frequency dispersion in the sound velocity and damping of vitreous silica is reanalyzed. Thermally activated relaxation accounts for the sound attenuation observed above 10 K at sonic and ultrasonic frequencies. Its extrapolation to the hypersonic regime reveals that the anharmonic coupling to the thermal bath becomes important in Brillouin-scattering measurements. At 35 GHz and room temperature, the damping due to this anharmonicity is found to be nearly twice that produced by thermally activated relaxation. The analysis also reveals a sizeable velocity increase with temperature which is not related with sound dispersion. This suggests that silica experiences a gradual structural change that already starts well below room temperature.
description: 13 pages with 8 figures
Schmidt, Helmut, Die Formen des religiösen Selbstverständnisses und die Strukturen der Autobiographie in George Fox' Journal
Creators: name: Jaspert, Bernd
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 22 Nr. 3 (1973): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 22, Heft 3