Land Use and Resource Exploitation of the Sonoran Desert: A Sample Survey of Cultural Resources in Mohave, La Paz, and Yavapai Counties, Arizona
Creators: name: Jones, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: SRI Press
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Black Canyon
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/111/black-canyon
subject: Mohave County (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/691/mohave-county-county
subject: Harcuvar Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/77939/harcuvar-mountains
subject: Vulture Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/77944/vulture-mountains
subject: Aguila Valley
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/77945/aguila-valley
subject: Frances Creek
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/50564/frances-creek
subject: Yavapai County (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/327/yavapai-county-county
subject: Alamo Lake
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/78667/alamo-lake
subject: Aquarius Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79196/aquarius-mountains
subject: Hualapai Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79195/hualapai-mountains
subject: Date Creek Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79198/date-creek-basin
subject: Big Sandy Valley
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79197/big-sandy-valley
subject: Goodwin Mesa
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79200/goodwin-mesa
subject: Pilgrim Wash
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79199/pilgrim-wash
subject: Bradshaw Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/77922/bradshaw-mountains
subject: Arrastra Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79202/arrastra-mountains
subject: La Paz County (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2466/la-paz-county-county
subject: Bullard Wash
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79201/bullard-wash
subject: Mohon Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79203/mohon-mountains
subject: Hair Clipper Wash
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79206/hair-clipper-wash
subject: Pilgrim Wash Well
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79205/pilgrim-wash-well
subject: Big Sandy River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79208/big-sandy-river
subject: Wickieup, AZ
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79207/wickieup-az
subject: Santa Maria River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/47657/santa-maria-river
subject: Swale Tank
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79210/swale-tank
subject: Aquarius Cliffs
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79209/aquarius-cliffs
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5629/archaic
subject: Late Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/32/late-archaic
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5728/historic
subject: Prehistoric
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/53/prehistoric
subject: Santa Cruz-Sacaton
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6043/santa-cruz-sacaton
subject: Upland Yuman
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8205/upland-yuman
subject: Western Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/910/western-archaic
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Yavapai
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/71/yavapai
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8/archaic
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Middle Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/10/middle-archaic
subject: Late Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/11/late-archaic
subject: Walapai
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/6812/walapai
subject: Gila
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8204/gila
subject: AZ M:2:3 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19572/az-m23-asm
subject: AZ M:2:4 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19573/az-m24-asm
subject: Wickiup Rock Art Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/21525/wickiup-rock-art-site
subject: AZ M:6:2 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19574/az-m62-asm
subject: AZ M:3:1 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19575/az-m31-asm
subject: AZ M:3:2 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19576/az-m32-asm
subject: AZ M:3:3 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19577/az-m33-asm
subject: AZ M:3:4 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19578/az-m34-asm
subject: AZ M:3:5 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19579/az-m35-asm
subject: AZ M:3:6 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19580/az-m36-asm
subject: AZ M:16:12 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19581/az-m1612-asm
subject: AZ M:16:13 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19582/az-m1613-asm
subject: AZ M: 16:14 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19583/az-m-1614-asm
subject: AZ M:16:15 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19584/az-m1615-asm
subject: AZ M:16:16 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19585/az-m1616-asm
subject: AZ M:16:17 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19586/az-m1617-asm
subject: AZ M:16:18 (AZ)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/19587/az-m1618-az
subject: Roasting Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1084/roasting-pit
subject: Trail Marker
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1289/trail-marker
subject: Stationary Grinding Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1290/stationary-grinding-feature
subject: Rock Concentration
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1291/rock-concentration
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Chipping Station
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1040/chipping-station
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Cairn
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/341/cairn
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Isolated Artifact
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/344/isolated-artifact
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Hunting / Trapping
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/286/hunting-trapping
subject: Milling Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/352/milling-feature
subject: Bedrock Grinding Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/353/bedrock-grinding-feature
subject: Shrine
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/610/shrine
subject: Rock Ring
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/738/rock-ring
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Road, Trail, and Related Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/294/road-trail-and-related-structures-or-features
subject: Rock Alignment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/360/rock-alignment
subject: Rock Art
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/361/rock-art
subject: Lithic Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/490/lithic-scatter
subject: Petroglyph
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/363/petroglyph
subject: Trail
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/300/trail
subject: Aquarius Black-on-Brownware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/821/aquarius-black-on-brownware
subject: Aquarius Brownware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/822/aquarius-brownware
subject: Transfer-Print Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/823/transfer-print-ceramic
subject: Rhyolite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/248/rhyolite
subject: Green Mudstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/824/green-mudstone
subject: Tan Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/825/tan-chert
subject: Chalcedony
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/250/chalcedony
subject: Quartz
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/314/quartz
subject: Yellow Quartzite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/826/yellow-quartzite
subject: Gray Quartzite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/827/gray-quartzite
subject: Red Quartzite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/828/red-quartzite
subject: Red Rhyolite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/829/red-rhyolite
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Tizon Brownware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/323/tizon-brownware
subject: Limestone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/324/limestone
subject: Black-on-Brownware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/708/black-on-brownware
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Mudstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/325/mudstone
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Jasper
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/198/jasper
subject: Cerbat Brownware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/326/cerbat-brownware
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: White Ironstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/327/white-ironstone
subject: Saltglazed Stoneware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/328/saltglazed-stoneware
subject: Brownware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/457/brownware
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Mineral
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/12/mineral
subject: Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/213/chert
subject: Basalt
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/214/basalt
subject: Obsidian
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/89/obsidian
subject: Quartzite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/217/quartzite
subject: Purple Quartzite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/537/purple-quartzite
subject: White Chalcedony
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/745/white-chalcedony
subject: Stoneware
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/362/stoneware
subject: Gray Chert
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/810/gray-chert
subject: Obsidian Projectile Point
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/25778/obsidian-projectile-point
subject: Tobacco Tin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/145847/tobacco-tin
subject: Projectile Point
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/3255/projectile-point
subject: Chalcedony Flake
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/49209/chalcedony-flake
subject: Trough Metate
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/12091/trough-metate
subject: Can
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/22083/can
subject: Obsidian Flake
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/11974/obsidian-flake
subject: Quartzite Core
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/80517/quartzite-core
subject: Scraper
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/585/scraper
subject: Anvil Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/122314/anvil-stone
subject: Flake
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/139017/flake
subject: Slab Metate
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/145929/slab-metate
subject: Debitage
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/462/debitage
subject: Metate
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/4048/metate
subject: Hole-in-Cap Can
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/145681/hole-in-cap-can
subject: Milk Can
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/145682/milk-can
subject: Cobble
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/725/cobble
subject: Shatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/726/shatter
subject: Mano
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/4055/mano
subject: Tin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/84573/tin
subject: Quartz Flake
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/133021/quartz-flake
subject: Quartzite Scraper
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/49952/quartzite-scraper
subject: Biface
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135907/biface
subject: Chalcedony Projectile Point
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/146083/chalcedony-projectile-point
subject: Quartzite Handstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/146084/quartzite-handstone
subject: Trace Element Analysis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/8548/trace-element-analysis
subject: Rhyolite Biface
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/126243/rhyolite-biface
subject: Limestone Core
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/146082/limestone-core
subject: Handstone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/23976/handstone
subject: Rhyolite Scraper
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/25832/rhyolite-scraper
subject: Core
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/618/core
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: In April and November, 1989, Statistical Research conducted a cultural resource survey of nearly 4,000 acres of land owned by the State of Arizona in Mohave, Yavapai and La Paz counties. The field reconnaissance documented 16 archaeological sites consisting of artifact scatters, trails, rock features, rock art and stationary grinding-features. The non-random survey strategy was based on a stratified sample of 640 acre-study units in the Hualapai and Aquarius Mountains, the Big Sandy Valley and the Date Creek Basin. Ethnographic models of Walapai and Yavapai subsistence strategies were employed to form hypotheses concerning the location, function, variability, cultural affliation and chronology of the data base sample. The hypotheses were then refuted or supported by the site sample from the project area. Results support the findings of previous surveys in the region reporting a paucity of sites in the eastern Hualapai Mountains and high site density and diversity for the Aquarius-Mohon Mountain-Goodwin Mesa areas. Support for statistical-based models of site distribution and function is present at sites concentrated in upper bajada and up!and areas of Study Unit I. Study Unit II displayed site distributions representative of Western Yavapai settlement systems primarily concentrated on desert ecosystems and numerous temporary camps. Obsidian, was acquired from local sources and possibly traded to the Aquarius Mountain groups from the Upper Date Creek Basin. Diagnostic artifacts ranging from, the Middle Archaic Period to Historical times suggest a long period of occupation in the Date Creek Basin and areas to the east of the Big Sandy Valley. All sites except AZ M:2:3 are considered eligible for inclusion into the National Register under criterion "D" based on their ability to address important regional-research issues. AZ M:2:3 14 has been severely impacted by erosion and lacks integrity. Sections within this document include an introduction, environmental characteristics, research and culture history, research design, methods and site descriptions, evaluation of project results, and recommendations. Appendices include the project site form, isolated finds, and an obsidian sourcing analysis contributed by Paul Bouey.