Stillabothrium campbelli Delgado, Dedrick et Reyda 2016
Creators: name: Reyda, Florian B.
name: Healy, Claire J.
name: Haslach, Andrew R.
name: Ruhnke, Timothy R.
name: Aprill, Tara L.
name: Bergman, Michael P.
name: Daigler, Andrew L.
name: Dedrick, Elsie A.
name: Delgado, Illari
name: Forti, Kathryn S.
name: Herzog, Kaylee S.
name: Russell, Rebecca S.
name: Willsey, Danielle D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Platyhelminthes
Cestoda
Rhinebothriidea
Escherbothriidae
Stillabothrium
Stillabothrium campbelli

description: <i>Stillabothrium campbelli</i> Delgado, Dedrick et Reyda sp. n. Figs. 1, 6, 7, 16C ZooBank number for species: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 8EA1CC15-6A59-4FDC-96DE-7B8389B40F7C <b>Description</b> (based on whole mounts of 14 complete mature worms, cross sections of 2 strobila and longitudinal sections of 3 scoleces and 3 scoleces prepared for SEM): Worms (Fig. 6A) euapolytic, acraspedote, 1.06–2.60 mm (1.68 ± 0.4; n = 14) long, greatest width 170–360 (261 ± 55; n = 14) at level of scolex; 5–8 (6 ± 1.0; n = 14) proglottids per worm. Cephalic peduncle lacking; small darkly staining germinative zone present. Scolex (Fig. 6B) consisting of scolex proper bearing 4 stalked bothridia. Stalks 20–90 (49 ± 2; n = 13) long by 25–110 (68 ± 25; n = 13) wide, attached slightly posterior to middle of bothridia. Bothridia varying in shape with degree of contraction; ovoid, broadly ovoid, finely ovoid (Fig. 6B), deeply ovoid (Fig. 7B), very deeply ovoid, to finely deltoid (Fig. 7A), facially loculated, 166–240 (205 ± 22; n = 15) long by 110–235 (150 ± 32; n = 14) wide; bothridial margins with thin rim. Anterior region of bothridia (Fig. 6B) with 10–12 (10.6 ± 0.7; n = 11) horizontally oriented loculi (i.e. loculi wider than long) with 10–12 complete transverse septa. Anteriormost loculus 15–25 (20 ± 4; n = 13) long and 24–35 (31 ± 3; n = 12) wide. Posterior region of bothridia with 4 (n = 11) nonmedial longitudinal septa dividing bothridia into 5 primary loculi longer than wide; outermost primary loculi on each side subdivided by 3–4 (3.7 ± 0.5; n = 9) diagonal septa into 4–5 small subloculi; central 2 longitudinal septa of posterior region overlapping 3–4 (3.3 ± 0.5; n = 6) posteriormost transverse septa of anterior region. Loculi of distal bothridial surfaces (Fig. 7C) bearing acicular and capilliform filitriches; septa on distal bothridial surfaces (Fig. 7C) bearing acicular and capilliform filitriches and coniform spinitriches. Proximal bothridial rim (Fig. 7D) bearing capilliform filitriches greater in length than those on distal bothridial surfaces (Fig. 7C). Proximal bothridial surfaces away from rim bearing acicular filitriches throughout (Fig. 7D). Posterior margin of proximal bothridial surfaces bearing patch of coniform spinitriches (Fig. 7E) near, but not extending to, bothridial rim. Isolated cilia observed on distal and proximal bothridial surfaces. Bothridial stalks and strobila (Fig. 7F) bearing capilliform filitriches only. Strobila with 1–4 (2.3 ± 1.0; n = 14) proglottids wider than long followed by 3–5 (3.8 ± 0.6; n = 14) proglottids that are longer than wide. Strobila widest at terminal proglottid; terminal proglottid 490–1 250 (798 ± 209; n = 14) long by 78–180 (125 ± 31; n = 14) wide, genital pore located 41–55% (49 ± 4.7; n = 14) of proglottid length from proglottid posterior margin. Immature proglottids 3–6 (4.5 ± 0.9; n = 14) in number. Mature proglottids 1–2 (1.6 ± 0.5; n = 14) in number, including 0–1 (0.7 ± 0.5; n = 14) vas deferens-mature proglottid. Testes in mature proglottids 12–19 (15 ± 2.1; n = 14) in total number, 1 layer deep in cross section, arranged in 2 columns; columns extending from anterior margin of proglottid to anterior margin of cirrus sac, 23–42 (33 ± 6; n = 13) long by 28–50 (37 ± 8; n = 13) wide. Vas deferens coiled, entering anterior margin of cirrus sac, extending from level of ovarian isthmus to overlap posteriormost testes. Cirrus sac thin-walled, oval, extending medially well past midline of proglottid; cirrus sac in terminal mature proglottid 42–80 (66 ± 17; n = 4) long by 50–70 (62 ± 9; n = 4) wide; cirrus sac in vas deferens-mature proglottids 45–90 (71 ± 13; n = 9) long by 50–100 (75 ± 18; n = 9) wide. Cirrus spinitriches present. Vagina (Fig. 6C) thick-walled, sinuous, somewhat overlapping anterior margin of cirrus sac (Fig. 16C), extending from ootype past midline to aporal side of proglottid to anterior margin of cirrus sac, then laterally to open into genital atrium anterior to cirrus sac; vaginal sphincter absent. Seminal receptacle present. Ovary near posterior end of proglottid, H-shaped in frontal view, tetralobed in cross section, overlapping cirrus sac; ovarian lobes symmetrical; poral ovarian lobe somewhat overlapping cirrus sac; poral and aporal ovarian lobes in terminal mature proglottids 135–270 (219 ± 61; n = 5) and 140–275 (219 ± 60; n = 5) long, respectively. Poral and aporal ovarian lobes in vas deferens-mature proglottids 135–425 (258 ± 103; n = 8) and 155–450 (264 ± 108; n = 8) long, respectively. Maximum width of ovary 52–110 (78 ± 22; n = 13). Ovarian isthmus at or anterior to midpoint of ovary; poral lobe of ovary stopping 45–150 (81 ± 21; n = 13) short of genital pore. Mehlis’ gland posterior to ovarian isthmus, 30–45 (39 ± 7; n = 7) long by 25–37 (29 ± 4; n = 7) wide. Vitellarium follicular; vitelline follicles arranged in 1 dorsal and 1 ventral column on each side of proglottid; columns extending from anterior to posterior margin of proglottid, interrupted by terminal genitalia, and mostly interrupted by ovary (Fig. 6A,C). Uterus ventral, sacciform, extending from near isthmus of ovary to near anterior margin of proglottid. T y p e a n d o n l y k n o w n h o s t: <i>Himantura</i> cf. <i>pastinacoides</i> (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae). Ty p e l o c a l i t y: Sulu Sea off Kampung Tetabuan (06°01'10''N; 117°42'15''E), Sabah, Malaysian Borneo (BO-98, BO-100, BO-119). A d d i t i o n a l l o c a l i t i e s: Sulu Sea off Sandakan (05°50'20''N; 118°07'16''E), Sabah, Malaysian Borneo (BO-79). South China Sea off Sematan (01°48'15''N; 109°46'47''E), Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo (BO-168). S i t e o f i n f e c t i o n: Spiral intestine. Ty p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype MZUM (P) No. 2016.11 (H). Paratypes: IPCAS No. C-738; LRP Nos. 8995–8997; 9063– 9082; 9149 (including molecular vouchers, sections and SEM specimens); MZUM (P) No. 2016.12 (P); SBC No. P-00071; USNM Nos. 1420467–1420470. E t y m o l o g y: This species is named in honour of Dr. William Campbell, Nobel laureate, for his role in the development of drugs to fight parasitic infections. <b>Remarks.</b> <i>Stillabothrium campbelli</i> sp. n. is the only <i>Stillabothrium</i> species treated in this study that possesses a greater number of anterior loculi than posterior loculi on the bothridia. <i>Stillabothrium campbelli</i> can be distinguished from both <i>S. ashleyae</i> and <i>S. davidcynthiaorum</i> in the unique configuration of the septa and loculi on its bothridia. In terms of the anterior region of the bothridia, <i>S. campbelli</i> possesses a total of 10–12 loculi (Fig. 6B) whereas both <i>S. ashleyae</i> and <i>S. davidcynthiaorum</i> each possess only 3 loculi (Figs. 2B, 4B). In the posterior region of the bothridia, <i>S. campbelli</i> possesses 5 loculi that are longer than wide whereas both <i>S. ashleyae</i> and <i>S. davidcynthiaorum</i> respectively possess 7 or 9 loculi that are longer than wide (Figs. 2B, 4B). In addition, the longitudinal septa in the posterior bothridia of <i>S. campbelli</i> extend anteriorly such that they overlap with the 3–4 posteriormost transverse septa of the anterior region of the bothridia. In <i>S. ashleyae</i> and <i>S. davidcynthiaorum</i>, the septa do not overlap. Scolex microtriches can also be used to distinguish <i>S. campbelli</i> from <i>S. ashleyae</i> and <i>S. davidcynthiaorum</i>. The posterior proximal surface of bothridia in <i>S. campbelli</i> possess a patch of coniform spinitriches (in addition to acicular filitriches throughout) near the rim, that is restricted in distribution, whereas the proximal bothridial surface of <i>S. ashleyae</i> and <i>S. davidcynthiaorum</i> is evenly covered with coniform spinitriches and acicular filitriches. Finally, proglottid morphology can also be used to distinguish <i>S. campbelli</i> from <i>S. ashleyae</i> and <i>S. davidcynthiaorum</i>. The cirrus sac of <i>S. campbelli</i> sp. n. is larger (45–90 µm long by 50–100 µm wide) than those of <i>S. ashleyae</i> (26–42 µm long by 26–47 µm wide) and of <i>S. davidcynthiaorum</i> (18–35 µm long by 24–38 µm wide), and it extends further across the midline (Figs. 6C, 16C), than in the latter two species (Figs. 2C, 4C, 16A,B). <i>Stillabothrium campbelli</i> is reported from <i>H.</i> cf. <i>pastinacoides</i> from three different localities in Malaysian Borneo. It should be noted that the stingray host specimens of <i>S. campbelli</i> in this study, BO-61, BO-79, BO-98, BO-100, BO-119 and BO-168, are identified as <i>H.</i> cf. <i>pastinacoides</i> (Caira et al. 2012), but that identification awaits expert verification. Given that Naylor et al. (2012b) showed that two species of stingray similar to <i>H. pastinacoides</i> (i.e. <i>H.</i> cf. <i>pastinacoides</i> 1 and <i>H.</i> cf. <i>pastinacoides</i> 2) co-occur in the region sampled, it is possible that <i>S. campbelli</i> sp. n. parasitises either or both. Additional specimens morphologically similar to <i>S. campbelli</i> were encountered in <i>H. uarnacoides</i> (BO-118). Further studies are needed to determine whether <i>Stillabothrium</i> specimens from <i>H. uarnacoides</i> are conspecific with <i>S. campbelli</i> or represent an undescribed species of <i>Stillabothrium</i>. Four specimens of <i>S. campbelli</i> were included in the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1, Table 1).
description: Published as part of <i>Reyda, Florian B., Healy, Claire J., Haslach, Andrew R., Ruhnke, Timothy R., Aprill, Tara L., Bergman, Michael P., Daigler, Andrew L., Dedrick, Elsie A., Delgado, Illari, Forti, Kathryn S., Herzog, Kaylee S., Russell, Rebecca S. &amp; Willsey, Danielle D., 2016, A new genus of rhinebothriidean cestodes from batoid elasmobranchs, with the description of five new species and two new combinations, pp. 1-28 in Folia Parasitologica (038) (038) 63 (38)</i> on pages 11-14, DOI: 10.14411/fp.2016.038, http://zenodo.org/record/8143428
description: {"references": ["CAIRA J. N., JENSEN K., BARBEAU E. 2012: Global Cestode Database. University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA. World Wide Web electronic publication, http: // www. tapewormdb. uconn. edu, 12 / 2015.", "NAYLOR G., CAIRA J. N., JENSEN K., ROSANA K. A., WHITE W. T. 2012 b: A DNA sequence-based approach to the identification of shark and ray species and its implications for global elasmobranch diversity and parasitology. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 367: 215 - 240."]}