cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Configuration Model with Degree Correlations and Its Percolation Analysis
Creators: name: Lee, Duan-Shin
name: Chang, Cheng-Shang
name: Zhu, Miao
name: Li, Hung-Chih
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we present a generalization of the classical configuration model. Like the classical configuration model, the generalized configuration model allows users to specify an arbitrary degree distribution. In our generalized configuration model, we partition the stubs in the configuration model into b blocks of equal sizes and choose a permutation function h for these blocks. In each block, we randomly designate a number proportional to q of stubs as type 1 stubs, where q is a parameter in the range [0; 1]. Other stubs are designated as type 2 stubs. To construct a network, randomly select an unconnected stub. Suppose that this stub is in block i. If it is a type 1 stub, connect this stub to a randomly selected unconnected type 1 stub in block h(i). If it is a type 2 stub, connect it to a randomly selected unconnected type 2 stub. We repeat this process until all stubs are connected. Under an assumption, we derive a closed form for the joint degree distribution of two random neighboring vertices in the constructed graph. Based on this joint degree distribution, we show that the Pearson degree correlation function is linear in q for any fixed b. By properly choosing h, we show that our construction algorithm can create assortative networks as well as disassortative networks. We present a percolation analysis of this model. We verify our results by extensive computer simulations.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
Design of one-kilometer-long antenna sticks and support structure for a geosynchronous satellite
Creators: name: Freeman, Janet Elizabeth
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1986
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: This study develops a preliminary structural design for three one-kilometer-long antenna sticks and an antenna support structure for a geosynchronous earth-imaging satellite. On each of the antenna sticks is mounted a linear array of over 16,000 antenna elements. The antenna sticks are parallel to each other, and are spaced 1 km apart so that they form the corners of an imaginary triangular tube. This tube is spinning about its long axis. Antenna performance requires that the position of each antenna element be known to an accuracy of 0.5 cm, and that the spacecraft's spin axis be parallel to the earth's spin axis within one degree. Assuming that the position of each joint on each antenna stick is known, the antenna sticks are designed as beams under a uniformly distributed acceleration (due to spacecraft spin) to meet the displacement accuracy requirements for the antenna elements. Both a thin-walled round tube and a three-longeron double-laced truss are considered for the antenna stick structure. A spacecraft spinrate is chosen by considering the effects of environmental torques on the precession of a simplified spacecraft. A preliminary truss-like support structure configuration is chosen, and analyzed in quasi-static equilibrium with control thrusters firing to estimate the axial loads in the structural members. The compressive loads found by this analysis are used to design the support structure members to be buckling-critical three-longeron double-laced truss columns. Some tension-only members consisting of Kevlar cord are included in the design to eliminate the need for bulkier members. The lateral vibration modes of the individual structural members are found by conventional analysis -- the fundamental frequencies are as low as 0.0066 Hz. Finite element dynamic analyses of the structure in free vibration confirm that simplified models of the structure and members can be used to determine the structural modes and natural frequencies for design purposes.
Dynamical Gauge Conditions for the Einstein Evolution Equations
Creators: name: Lindblom, Lee
name: Scheel, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Einstein evolution equations have been written in a number of symmetric hyperbolic forms when the gauge fields--the densitized lapse and the shift--are taken to be fixed functions of the coordinates. Extended systems of evolution equations are constructed here by adding the gauge degrees of freedom to the set of dynamical fields, thus forming symmetric hyperbolic systems for the combined evolution of the gravitational and the gauge fields. The associated characteristic speeds can be made causal (i.e. less than or equal to the speed of light) by adjusting 14 free parameters in these new systems. And 21 additional free parameters are available, for example to optimize the stability of numerical evolutions. The gauge evolution equations in these systems are generalizations of the ``K-driver'' and ``Gamma-driver'' conditions that have been used with some success in numerical black hole evolutions.
description: New appendix on constraint evolution added
The characteristic stellar mass as a function of redshift
Creators: name: Clarke, Cathie J.
name: Bromm, Volker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for the star formation process during the initial collapse of dark matter haloes at redshifts z=0-30. We derive a simple expression for the characteristic stellar mass scale during this initial burst of star formation. In our picture, this characteristic scale reflects both the minimum temperature to which the gas can cool (determined by the metallicity and the temperature of the cosmic microwave background) and the pressure of overlying baryons in the collapsing halo. This prescription reproduces both the large mass scales found in simulations of Population III star formation and the near solar values observed for star formation at low redshift.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Inflation and the Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Lineweaver, Charles H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a pedagogical review of inflation and the cosmic microwave background. I describe how a short period of accelerated expansion can replace the special initial conditions of the standard big bang model. I also describe the development of CMBology: the study of the cosmic microwave background. This cool (3 K) new cosmological tool is an increasingly precise rival and complement to many other methods in the race to determine the parameters of the Universe: its age, size, composition and detailed evolution.
description: 34 pages, 13 figures, contributed chapter to " Proceedings of the New Cosmology Summer School" edt. M. Colless, to be published by World Scientific, 2003. Based on five lectures given at the 16th Canberra International Summer School "The New Cosmology" held 3-14 February at the Australian National University. A version with full resolution images is available at http://bat.phys.unsw.edu.au/~charley/download/canberra/canberra.tar.gz
Experiments directed towards the total synthesis of chlorothricolide
Creators: name: Heckendorn, Debra K.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1983
Subjects: Chemistry

description: The attempted synthesis of a differentially protected "top half", i, of chlorothricolide is described. The key step necessary for this synthesis was the spirocyclization of the anhydride ii, to prepare the protected tetronic acid iii.
The Effect of Magnetic Impurities on Superfluid $^3$He in Aerogel
Creators: name: Zimmerman, A. M.
name: Nguyen, M. D.
name: Scott, J. W.
name: Halperin, W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The critical field for superfluid $^3$He in axially compressed, anisotropic silica aerogel is shown to be the result of an anisotropic distribution of magnetic impurities affecting the superfluid $A$ phase. The critical field results from the fact that the $A$ phase is suppressed relative to the $B$ phase which is immune to the effects of magnetic impurities. In the absence of magnetic quasiparticle scattering in anisotropic aerogel, we find that the relative symmetry of $A$ and $B$ phase order parameters is the same as in isotropic aerogel, just as it is in pure superfluid $^3$He. These results are of potential importance for understanding unconventional superconductivity.
Kerr black hole quasinormal frequencies
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black-hole quasinormal modes (QNM) have been the subject of much recent attention, with the hope that these oscillation frequencies may shed some light on the elusive theory of quantum gravity. We compare numerical results for the QNM spectrum of the (rotating) Kerr black hole with an {\it exact} formula Re$ω\to T_{BH}\ln 3+Ωm$, which is based on Bohr's correspondence principle. We find a close agreement between the two. Possible implications of this result to the area spectrum of quantum black holes are discussed.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures
Code for Paper "Comprehensive Deadlock Prevention for GPU Collective Communication"
Creators: name: Pan, Lichen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: DFCCL

Deadlock Free Collective Communication Library.

Compiling

make -j

 

Using -gencode=arch=compute_86,code=sm_86 for NVCC_GENCODE by default. Set the NVCC_GENCODE environment variable when needed.

Cite

@inproceedings{pan2025dfccl,
  title={Comprehensive Deadlock Prevention for GPU Collective Communication},
  author={Lichen Pan, Juncheng Liu, Yongquan Fu, Jinhui Yuan, Rongkai Zhang, Pengze Li, Zhen Xiao},
  booktitle={EuroSys'25},
  year={2025}
}

 

ISBN: 979-8-4007-1196-1/25/03

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3689031.3717466

https://github.com/Oneflow-Inc/dfccl/

The commit ID corresponding to the code used in the paper is 66260c9.
The making of an audio-visual guide for the Careers Service at Loughborough University of Technology
Creators: name: Bell, Fiona A.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The making of an audio-visual guide for the Careers Service at Loughborough University of Technology
Propagation of light in low pressure ionised and atomic hydrogen. Application to astrophysics
Creators: name: Moret-Bailly, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The "Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering" (ISRS) performed using ultrashort laser pulses shifts the light frequencies. Tried using ordinary incoherent light, it keeps its qualitative properties except the nonlinearity due to the power of the laser pulses. The relative frequency shifts of the "Coherent Raman Effect on Incoherent Light" (CREIL) which is obtained do not depend on the intensity and, in a first approximation, on the frequency of the light. As CREIL does not blur the images and the spectra, its shifts may be confused with Doppler shifts. ISRS and CREIL are parametric effects which do not excite the matter, transferring energy from hot beams to cold beams; for CREIL, the cold light is thermal radiation which is heated. CREIL requires low pressure gases acting as catalysts. These gases must have Raman transitions in the radiofrequencies range: for instance H2+ or excited atomic hydrogen in a magnetic field. The spectral lines resulting from a simultaneous absorption (or emission) and CREIL have a width at least equal to the frequency shift, so that the lines of a complex spectrum may be weakened and mixed, becoming nearly invisible. In astrophysics, molecular hydrogen is ionised, but so quickly destroyed by collisions that it persists only at pressures low enough to provide CREIL: Thus it is invisible. It contributes to the "cosmological redshift" and to an amplification of the 2.7K radiation. Using CREIL, the interpretation of the spectra of the quasars requires only usual laws of physics, usual matter and usual astronomical objects: a star, an accretion disk, satellites in a plasma of atomic hydrogen.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures In version 3 the English is corrected and the key of a quantitative interpretation off the Lyman forest (quantified redshifts) is given
Experimental nonlinear sign shift for linear optics quantum computation
Creators: name: Sanaka, Kaoru
name: Jennewein, Thomas
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
name: Resch, Kevin
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have realized the nonlinear sign shift (NS) operation for photonic qubits.This operation shifts the phase of two photons reflected by a beam splitter using an extra single photon and measurement. We show that the conditional phase shift is $(1.05\pm 0.06) π$ in clear agreement with theory. Our results show that by using an ancilla photon and conditional detection, nonlinear optical effects can be implemented using only linear optical elements. This experiment represents an essential step for linear optical implementations of scalable quantum computation.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: Scarcity of Road Space in Urban Areas: A Case Study on the City of Darmstadt
Creators: name: Zhang, Taihao
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2021

description: Long have population numbers been on the rise in cities, and especially Darmstadt has witnessed one of the fastest growths in Germany. This ever increasing population however demands mobility and thus space, which is a limited resource in urban areas. Motorised traffic, bicycle traffic, pedestrian traffic and public transit are considered the four most predominant modes of transport in a city. I conduct a spatial analysis of two select streets in Darmstadt, which reveals that one-third of road space is attributed to motorised traffic. I also discuss the specific needs of each subgroup, again focusing on the situation in Darmstadt. To close off, I identify needs for action and also recommend future actions.
The Inverse Relationship Between Time Risk and Money  Risk: A Critical Analysis
Creators: name: Md, Shaikhul Hadis Nazat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Management and Economics
Money
Time
Risk
Management

description: Abstract

This paper explores the inverse relationship between time risk and money risk, positing that as  individuals increase their willingness to risk time, they tend to take less financial risk, and vice  versa. The study examines how this dynamic manifests across different economic activities, such  as employment, entrepreneurship, gambling, and investment. Real-life examples, mathematical  reasoning, and sociological implications are discussed to support the hypothesis that Risk of Time  = 1 / Risk of Money. Additionally, this paper emphasizes that time is the most valuable asset, as it  is the only resource that cannot be regained once spent. While discussing gambling as an example  of high money risk, we do not promote or encourage gambling; rather, we analyze it as part of the  broader economic behavior that aligns with this fundamental equation. Similarly, we do not discourage regular occupations or business ventures, as they play a crucial role in financial stability  and long-term wealth creation. Instead, our goal is to highlight how different choices impact  financial and time risks.

(Copyright © 2025 Author)
Experimental investigation and modeling of the separation of ternary mixtures by hydrophilic pervaporation
Creators: name: Valentinyi, Nora
name: Andre, Anita
name: Eniko Haaz
name: Fozer, Daniel
name: Andras Jozsef Toth
name: Nagy, Tibor
name: Mizsey, Peter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: In the course of the present study, the pervaporative dehydration of two ternary mixtures: ethanol/n-butanol/water and ethanol/ethyl acetate/water were investigated through hydrophilic polymer composite PERVAP 1210 membrane. The effects of temperature and the concentrations of water and organic components on permeation were studied through pervaporation experiments. The influence of Hansen solubility parameters of the components and mixtures on their permeation was also examined. It has been found that changes of organic ratios in the feed solution affect organic permeation due to mutual interactions and flux coupling. This interaction was built in a suggested semi-empirical mass-transport model for ternary mixtures with optional simplifications. The modeled partial fluxes are in good accordance with the measured values.
Canonical Phase Space Formulation of Quasilocal General Relativity
Creators: name: Booth, Ivan S.
name: Fairhurst, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a Hamiltonian formulation of quasilocal general relativity using an extended phase space that includes boundary coordinates as configuration variables. This allows us to use Hamiltonian methods to derive an expression for the energy of a non-isolated region of space-time that interacts with its neighbourhood. This expression is found to be very similar to the Brown-York quasilocal energy that was originally derived by Hamilton-Jacobi methods. We examine the connection between the two formalisms and find that when the boundary conditions for the two are harmonized, the resulting quasilocal energies are identical.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures, references added, typos corrected, section 3 revised for clarity, to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
title: Deep Networks That Know When They Don't Know
Creators: name: Molina Ramirez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2021

description: Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) are more present than ever in our society's collective discourse. CEOs, politicians, and fellow citizens all put incredibly high hopes and expectations into AI's future capabilities. In many applications, ranging from the medical field to autonomous robots such as self-driving cars, we are starting to entrust human lives to decisions made by algorithms and machines. With credit scoring algorithms and hiring practices now adopting these new technologies, machine learning can have a profound impact on people’s lives. The expectation of inherent fairness, accuracy, and consistency we have of these algorithms goes beyond even what we expect from fellow humans. Indeed, these expectations are driven by the desire to improve everyone’s quality of life. Many current machine learning models focus on providing the highest possible accuracy. However, these models are often black boxes that are hard to examine. They are mostly discriminative models that focus on modeling decisions based on the training data, but do not create a model for the data itself. This is important, as we are interested in questioning the training data to detect systematic biases. Furthermore, we are also highly interested in asking the model whether the current data it is processing fits the training data. In other words, is it qualified to make decisions and "knows what it is talking about", or whether it simply "does not know". Therefore, we require a generative model that can answer these, and other, questions. In this thesis, we focus on deep generative models based on probabilistic circuits; a family of statistical models that allows us to answer a wide range of normalized probability queries with guarantees on computational time. We can then ask these generative models about biases, including how confident they are about a particular answer, as they "know when they do not know". We develop models for count data, extend them to non-parametric models, and models based on dictionaries of distributions. They cover a large variety of use-cases. We then make connections to Deep Neural Networks and show how to build generative models from them with inference guarantees. All these models cover a wide range of use cases, including hybrid domains. Moreover, we present a model that learns from the data making most decisions automatically so that non-experts can also benefit from these powerful tools. This will contribute to the democratization of machine learning.
A Two-Component Model for the Light Curves of Hypernovae
Creators: name: Maeda, K.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Deng, J.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Yoshii, Y.
name: Tomita, H.
name: Kobayashi, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light curves of 'hypernovae', i.e. very energetic supernovae with $E_{51} \equiv E/10^{51}$ergs $\gsim 5-10$ are characterized at epochs of a few months by a phase of linear decline. Classical, one-dimensional explosion models fail to simultaneously reproduce the light curve near peak and at the linear decline phase. The evolution of these light curves may however be explained by a simple model consisting of two concentric components. The outer component is responsible for the early part of the light curve and for the broad absorption features observed in the early spectra of hypernovae, similar to the one-dimensional models. In addition, a very dense inner component is added, which reproduces the linear decline phase in the observed magnitude-versus-time relation for SNe 1998bw, 1997ef, and 2002ap. This simple approach does contain one of the main features of jet-driven, asymmetric explosion models, namely the presence of a dense core. Although the total masses and energies derived with the two-component model are similar to those obtained in previous studies which also adopted spherical symmetry, this study suggests that the ejecta are aspherical, and thus the real energies and masses may deviate from those derived assuming spherical symmetry. The supernovae which were modeled are divided into two groups, according to the prominence of the inner component: the inner component of SN 1997ef is denser and more $^{56}$Ni-rich, relative to the outer component, than the corresponding inner components of SNe 1998bw and 2002ap. These latter objects have a similar inner-to-outer component ratio, although they have very different global values of mass and energy.
description: To appear in the Astrophysical Journal, 2003, 593. 22 pages, including 4 figures and 3 tables
Podocampa asturiana Sendra, Salgado & Monedero 2003
Creators: name: Sendra, Alberto
name: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplura
Campodeidae
Podocampa
Podocampa asturiana

description: Podocampa asturiana Sendra, Salgado & Monedero, 2003
Podocampa asturiana Sendra, Salgado & Monedero, 2003: 70, figs 1–2, 3a–b, 4–5, 6a, tables 1–4.
Diagnosis (Sendra et al. 2003)
Body length 5.1–9.3 mm; epicuticle without microdenticles; clothing setae smooth or with 1–2 small distal barbs; antennae with 35–43 antennomeres; sensillum of third antennomere in dorsal or ventral position; cupuliform organ with seven to eight complex olfactory chemoreceptors; thick, long notal macrosetae with barbs along distal half; thick long marginal setae with thin barbs along distal half to twothirds; without trochanteral sensilla; one or two ventral tibial macrosetae; calcars with barbs extending from base; smooth subapical tarsal setae; smooth setiform telotarsal process; 1+1 lp on III urotergite, 2+2 lp on IV urotergite, 1+1 la, 2+2 lp on V–VII urotergites, 1+1 mp, 3+3 lp on VIII urotergite and 1+1 mp 5+5 lp on IX abdominal segment; clothing setae on IX–X abdominal segments similar to others; first male urosternite with glandular g 1 -setae (absent in three caves from Laviana, Asturias region); subtrapezoidales appendages with glandular a 1 and a 2 -setae; appendages of female subcylindric with glandular a 1 and a 2 -setae; cerci longer than body covered in long, thin macrosetae with thin barbs along distal half and a few shorter smooth setae.
description: Published as part of Sendra, Alberto & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Euro-Mediterranean fauna of Campodeinae (Campodeidae, Diplura), pp. 1-130 in European Journal of Taxonomy 728 on page 107, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.728.1181, http://zenodo.org/record/4316883
The Scheduling Problem in Learning from Hints
Creators: name: Çataltepe, Zehra Kök
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer Science

description: Any information about the function to be learned is called a hint. Learning from hints is a generalization of learning from examples. In this paradigm, hints are expressed by their examples and then taught to a learning-from-examples system. In general, using other hints in addition to the examples of the function, improves the generalization performance.

The scheduling problem in learning from hints is deciding which hint to teach at which time during training. Over- or under- emphasizing a hint may render it useless, making scheduling very important. Fixed and adaptive schedules are two types of schedules that are discussed.

Adaptive minimization is a general adaptive schedule that uses an estimate of generalization error in terms of errors on hints. when such an estimate is available, it can also be optimized by means of directly descending on it. An estimate may be used to decide on when to stop training, too.

A method to find a estimate incorporating the errors on invariance hints, and simulation results on this estimate, are presented. Two computer programs that provide a learning-from-hints environment and improvements on them are discussed.
Minimax context principle
Creators: name: Zapatrin, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81P10

description: I show how space-like structures emerge within the topos-based approach to quantum mechanics. With a physical system, or, more generally, with an operationalistic setup a context category is associated being in fact an ordered collection of contexts. Each context, in turn, is associated with certain configuration space. The minimax context principle is put forward. Its basic idea is that among various configuration spaces the `physical space' is the configuration space of a structureless point particle. In order to implement it, two order relations on contexts are introduced being analogs of inner and outer daseinisation of projectors. The proposed minimax context principle captures two characteristic features of physical space: maximal with respect to refining the accuracy, and minimal by getting rid of extra degrees of freedom.
description: Beyond Traditional Probabilistic Data Processing Techniques: Interval, Fuzzy etc. Methods and Their Applications, Kosheleva, O., Shary, S.P., Xiang, G., Zapatrin, R. (Eds.), 9 pages, to appear in March, 2020
Podocampa asturiana Sendra, Salgado & Monedero 2003
Creators: name: Sendra, Alberto
name: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplura
Campodeidae
Podocampa
Podocampa asturiana

description: Podocampa aff. asturiana I Sendra, Salgado & Monedero, 2003
Differential diagnosis from P. asturiana asturiana
The males from three caves from Llaviana in the Nalón Basin, the Cantabrian Mountain, show a noticeable frontal process.
description: Published as part of Sendra, Alberto & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Euro-Mediterranean fauna of Campodeinae (Campodeidae, Diplura), pp. 1-130 in European Journal of Taxonomy 728 on page 108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.728.1181, http://zenodo.org/record/4316883
Jets and Black Holes in Hypernova Explosions
Creators: name: Maeda, K.
name: Nomoto, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bipolar explosion models for hypernovae (very energetic supernovae), associated with the black hole formation, are presented. The model features are as follows: (1) Fe-peak elements are ejected at high velocities to reach the surface region, while dense O-rich materials occupy the central region at low velocities. (2) The abundance ratios (Zn, Co)/Fe are enhanced while the ratios (Mn, Cr)/Fe are suppressed. The overall abundances are consistent with those observed in extremely metal-poor stars formed at the very early phase of the Galaxy, suggesting significant contribution of such explosions to the early Galactic chemical evolution. (3) Certain relations among the optical luminosity, the chemical composition, and the property of the central remnant are predicted. Such relations may serve for identifying possible gravitational wave emitters in the future.
description: To appear in Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement. 5 pages, 4 figures and 1 table
WMAPing the Universe: Supersymmetry, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, Proton Decay and Collider Physics
Creators: name: Lahanas, A. B.
name: Mavromatos, N. E.
name: Nanopoulos, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review we discuss constraints on minimal supersymmetric models of particle physics implied by the recent astrophysical observations of WMAP. Although the prospects of detecting supersymmetry increase and 90 percent of the available MSSM parameter space can safely be reached by the sensitivity of future colliders, nevertheless we pay particular emphasis on discussing regions of the appropriate phase diagrams, which -if realized - would imply that detection of supersymmetry, at least in the context of minimal models, could be out of colliders reach. We also discuss the importance of a precise determination of the radiative corrections to the muon anomalous magnetic moment, both theoretically and experimentally. Finally, we briefly commend upon recent evidence, supported by observations, on a dark energy component of the Universe, of as yet unknown origin, covering 73 percent of its energy content.
description: Review paper, 69 pages Latex, 35 eps figures incorporated
MOESM9 of The vaginal and fecal microbiomes are related to pregnancy status in beef heifers
Creators: name: Feilong Deng
name: Maryanna McClure
name: Rorie, Rick
name: Xiaofan Wang
name: Jianmin Chai
name: Xiaoyuan Wei
name: Songjia Lai
name: Jiangchao Zhao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 9: Table S1. Sequencing results of mock community.
Podocampa asturiana Sendra, Salgado & Monedero 2003
Creators: name: Sendra, Alberto
name: Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplura
Campodeidae
Podocampa
Podocampa asturiana

description: Podocampa aff. asturiana II Sendra, Salgado & Monedero, 2003
Differential diagnosis from P. asturiana asturiana
Two variable features have been observed in specimens from nine caves in the Galician massif: several specimens show thick clothing setae on VIII urotergite and IX and X abdominal segments and in others there are 1+1 lp macrosetae on IV urotergite. These two differential characters occur together in some specimens.
Habitat and distribution
Cave-dwelling species known from many caves in the North of the Iberian Peninsula, from Galicia to the Basque country throughout the Cantabrian Mountains (Sendra et al. 2003). Podocampa asturiana riberiensis is restricted to caves throughout the Asturian Central Basin (Sendra et al. 2003).
description: Published as part of Sendra, Alberto & Reboleira, Ana Sofia P. S., 2020, Euro-Mediterranean fauna of Campodeinae (Campodeidae, Diplura), pp. 1-130 in European Journal of Taxonomy 728 on page 108, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.728.1181, http://zenodo.org/record/4316883
Star Cluster Formation and Evolution in Nearby Starburst Galaxies: II. Initial Conditions
Creators: name: de Grijs, R.
name: Anders, P.
name: Bastian, N.
name: Lynds, R.
name: Lamers, H. J. G. L. M.
name: O'Neil,, E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the ages, masses and metallicities of the rich young star cluster systems in the nearby starburst galaxies NGC 3310 and NGC 6745 to derive their cluster formation histories and subsequent evolution. We further expand our analysis of the systematic uncertainties involved in the use of broad-band observations to derive these parameters by examining the effects of a priori assumptions on the individual cluster metallicities. The age (and metallicity) distributions of both the clusters in the circumnuclear ring in NGC 3310 and of those outside the ring are statistically indistinguishable, but there is a clear and significant excess of higher-mass clusters IN the ring compared to the non-ring cluster sample; it is likely that the physical conditions in the starburst ring may be conducive for the formation of higher-mass star clusters, on average, than in the relatively more quiescent environment of the main galactic disc. For the NGC 6745 cluster system we derive a median age of ~10 Myr. NGC 6745 contains a significant population of high-mass "super star clusters", with masses in the range 6.5 <= log(M_cl/M_sun) <= 8.0. This detection supports the scenario that such objects form preferentially in the extreme environments of interacting galaxies. The age of the cluster populations in both NGC 3310 and NGC 6745 is significantly lower than their respective characteristic cluster disruption time-scales. This allows us to obtain an independent estimate of the INITIAL cluster mass function slope, alpha = 2.04(+- 0.23)(+0.13)(-0.43) for NGC 3310, and 1.96(+- 0.15)(+- 0.19) for NGC 6745, respectively, for masses M_cl >= 10^5 M_sun and M_cl >= 4 x 10^5 M_sun. These mass function slopes are consistent with those of other young star cluster systems in interacting and starburst galaxies.
description: 17 pages LaTeX, incl. 11 postscript figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Issues surrounding electronic journals and their implementation within Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development
Creators: name: Bell, Ian D.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Issues surrounding electronic journals and their implementation within Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development
Post-quench gap dynamics of two-band superconductors
Creators: name: Cui, Tianbai
name: Schütt, Michael
name: Orth, Peter P.
name: Fernandes, Rafael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental progress in the fields of cold quantum gases and ultrafast optical spectroscopy of quantum materials allows to controllably induce and probe non-adiabatic dynamics of superconductors and superfluids. The time-evolution of the gap function before relaxation with the lattice is determined by the superposition of coherently evolving individual Cooper pairs within the manifold of the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) wavefunction. While dynamics following an abrupt quench of the pairing interaction strength in the single-band BCS model has been exactly solved due to the integrability of the model, the dynamics of post-quench multi-band superconductors remain under scrutiny. Here, we develop a generalization of the Volkov-Kogan Laplace-space perturbative method that allows us to determine the non-adiabatic gap dynamics of two-band fully gapped superconductors for a wide range of quench amplitudes. Our approach expands the long-time dynamics around the steady-state asymptotic value of the gap, which is self-consistently determined, rather than around the equilibrium value of the gap. We explicitly demonstrate that this method recovers the exact solution of the long-time gap dynamics in the single-band case and perfectly agrees with a numerical solution of the two-band model. We discover that dephasing of Cooper pairs from different bands leads to faster collisionless relaxation of the gap oscillation with a power-law of $t^{-3/2}$ instead of the well-known $t^{-1/2}$ behavior found in the single-band case. Furthermore, the gap oscillations display beating patterns arising from the existence of two different asymptotic gap values. Our results have important implications to a variety of two-band superconductors driven out of equilibrium, such as iron-based superconductors, MgB$_{2}$, and SrTiO$_{3}$.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
Slack Matching
Creators: name: Prakash, Piyush
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer Science
slack elasticity
asynchronous

description: In this thesis we present a method for slack matching asynchronous circuits, described as a collection of handshaking expansions.  We present an execution model for a restricted class of HSE.  We define the number of messages that a process contains.  The static slack, dynamic slack and dynamic threshold are defined.  We state sufficient conditions under which the dynamic slack of a pipeline of half-buffers is the sum of that of the processes comprising the pipeline.  The slack matching problem is formulated as that of ensuring that all pipelines and rings in a system can simultaneously contain a number of messages that is no less than the dynamic threshold but no greater than the dynamic slack.  We describe an algorithm to formulate the slack matching problem as a mixed integer linear program.
Fresnel lenses for X-ray and Gamma-ray Astronomy
Creators: name: Skinner, Gerry
name: von Ballmoos, Peter
name: Gehrels, Neil
name: Krizmanic, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase Fresnel lenses have the same imaging properties as zone plates, but with the possibility of concentrating all of the incident power into the primary focus, increasing the maximum theoretical efficiency from 11% to close to 100%. For X-rays, and in particular for gamma-rays, large, diffraction-limited phase Fresnel lenses can be made relatively easily. The focal length is very long - for example up to a million kms. However, the correspondingly high `plate-scale' of the image means that the ultra-high (sub-micro-arc-second) angular resolution possible with a diffraction limited gamma-ray lens a few metres in diameter can be exploited with detectors having mm spatial resolution. The potential of such systems for ultra-high angular resolution astronomy, and for attaining the sensitivity improvements desperately needed for certain other studies, are reviewed and the advantages and disadvantages vis-a-vis alternative approaches are discussed. We report on reduced-scale 'proof-of-principle tests' which are planned and on mission studies of the implementation of a Fresnel telescope on a space mission with lens and detector on two spacecraft separated by one million km. Such a telescope would be capable of resolving emission from super-massive black holes on the scale of their event horizons and would have the sensitivity necessary to detect gamma-ray lines from distant supernovae. We show how diffractive/refractive optics leads to a continuum of possible system designs between filled aperture lenses and wideband interferometric arrays.
description: To be published in "Proceedings of the SPIE conference 5168 : Optics for EUV, X-ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy", San Diego, August 2003
Covariant analysis of Newtonian multi-fluid models for neutron stars: I Milne-Cartan structure and variational formulation
Creators: name: Carter, Brandon
name: Chamel, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first of a series of articles showing how 4 dimensionally covariant analytical procedures developed in the context of General Relativity can be usefully adapted for application in a purely Newtonian framework where they provide physical insights (e.g. concerning helicity currents) that are not so easy to obtain by the traditional approach based on a 3+1 space time decomposition. After an introductory presentation of the relevant Milne spacetime structure and the associated Cartan connection, the essential principles are illustrated by application to the variational formulation of simple barotropic perfect fluid models. This variational treatment is then extended to conservative multiconstituent self gravitating fluid models of the more general kind that is needed for treating the effects of superfluidity in neutron stars.
description: 35 pages Latex, with typo corrections and updated references
Quintessentially Flat Scalar Potentials
Creators: name: Burgess, C. P.
name: Grenier, P.
name: Hoover, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both inflationary and quintessence cosmologies require scalar fields which roll very slowly over cosmological time scales, and so typically demand extremely flat potentials. Sufficiently flat potentials are notoriously difficult to obtain from realistic theories of microscopic physics, and this poses a naturalness problem for both types of cosmologies. We propose a brane-world-based microscopic mechanism for generating scalar potentials which can naturally be flat enough for both types of cosmological applications. The scalars of interest are higher-dimensional bulk pseudo-Goldstone bosons whose scale of symmetry breaking is exponentially suppressed in the higher-dimensional theory by the separation between various branes. The light scalars appear in the effective 4D theory as pseudo-Goldstone bosons. Since naturalness problems are more severe for quintessence models, motivated by our construction we explore in more detail the possibilities for using pseudo-Goldstone bosons to build quintessence models. Depending on how the cosmological constant problem is solved, these models typically imply the universe is now entering a matter-dominated oscillatory phase for which the equation of state parameter w = p/rho oscillates between w = 1 and w = -1.
description: 27 pages, LaTeX, 5 figures using epsfig, uses JHEP3
MOD: A Deep Mixture Model with Online Knowledge Distillation for Large Scale Video Temporal Concept Localization
Creators: name: Lin, Rongcheng
name: Xiao, Jing
name: Fan, Jianping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present and discuss a deep mixture model with online knowledge distillation (MOD) for large-scale video temporal concept localization, which is ranked 3rd in the 3rd YouTube-8M Video Understanding Challenge. Specifically, we find that by enabling knowledge sharing with online distillation, fintuning a mixture model on a smaller dataset can achieve better evaluation performance. Based on this observation, in our final solution, we trained and fintuned 12 NeXtVLAD models in parallel with a 2-layer online distillation structure. The experimental results show that the proposed distillation structure can effectively avoid overfitting and shows superior generalization performance. The code is publicly available at: https://github.com/linrongc/solution_youtube8m_v3
description: ICCV 2019 YouTube8M workshop
Axisymmetric core collapse simulations using characteristic numerical relativity
Creators: name: Siebel, Florian
name: Font, Jose A.
name: Mueller, Ewald
name: Papadopoulos, Philippos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from axisymmetric stellar core collapse simulations in general relativity. Our hydrodynamics code has proved robust and accurate enough to allow for a detailed analysis of the global dynamics of the collapse. Contrary to traditional approaches based on the 3+1 formulation of the gravitational field equations, our framework uses a foliation based on a family of outgoing light cones, emanating from a regular center, and terminating at future null infinity. Such a coordinate system is well adapted to the study of interesting dynamical spacetimes in relativistic astrophysics such as stellar core collapse and neutron star formation. Perhaps most importantly this procedure allows for the unambiguous extraction of gravitational waves at future null infinity without any approximation, along with the commonly used quadrupole formalism for the gravitational wave extraction. Our results concerning the gravitational wave signals show noticeable disagreement when those are extracted by computing the Bondi news at future null infinity on the one hand and by using the quadrupole formula on the other hand. We have strong indication that for our setup the quadrupole formula on the null cone does not lead to physical gravitational wave signals. The Bondi gravitational wave signals extracted at infinity show typical oscillation frequencies of about 0.5 kHz.
description: 17 pages, 18 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
Modeling peculiar velocities of dark matter halos
Creators: name: Hamana, Takashi
name: Kayo, Issha
name: Yoshida, Naoki
name: Suto, Yasushi
name: Jing, Y. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple model that accurately describes various statistical properties of peculiar velocities of dark matter halos. We pay particular attention to the following two effects; first, the evolution of the halo peculiar velocity depends on the local matter density, instead of the global density. Second, dark matter halos are biased tracers of the underlying mass distribution, thus halos tend to be located preferentially at high density regions. For the former, we develop an empirical model calibrated with N-body simulations, while for the latter, we use a conventional halo bias models based on the extended Press-Schechter model combined with an empirical log-normal probability distribution function of the mass density distribution. We find that compared with linear theory, the present model significantly improves the accuracy of predictions of statistical properties of the halo peculiar velocity field including the velocity dispersion, the probability distribution function, and the pairwise velocity dispersion at large separations. Thus our model predictions may be useful in analyzing future observations of the peculiar velocities of galaxy clusters.
description: This paper was published in MNRAS, 343, 1312 (2003). Owing to an error in numerical computations, some incorrect results were presented there. Erratum is to be published in MNRAS. Conclusions of the original version are unaffected by the correction. This version supersedes the original version