cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ten Days in Ferguson: Examining the Performance of Repressing an Uprising
Creators: name: Watts, Meghan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: This thesis examines to what extent performance plays a role in the repression of social movements. The Ferguson Uprising of 2014-2015 offers a unique case study of protest policing—from its spontaneous eruption to the swift and aggressive backlash it received—and repression. The time frame under study includes the ten days after the fatal shooting of Michael Brown. I demonstrate that feminist theories of performativity can be applied to repression research to develop a new way of analyzing the interactions between repressive actors (i.e., the state) and their targets (i.e., the people). Some view theories of organizations, power, or culture as single factors that explain repression, however repression in Ferguson defies these conventional understandings. I study repression in Ferguson through an analysis of mainstream media reports, published interviews, and social media accounts to conduct both quantitative and qualitative analyses of repressive tactics. Through those analyses, I challenge the current theories of repression, power, and performativity to show that the state adapted to protest conditions in Ferguson by testing various levels of repression. Ferguson changed the way the nation would view protest and police interactions. The Uprising’s effects still echo throughout the country.
The Caregiver Factor: Analysis of Patient and Caregiver knowledge regarding dietary management of congestive heart failure.
Creators: name: Rioux, Elyse
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Heart failure is a complex chronic illness that requires changes for successful management in the home setting. Heart failure patients often rely on help from caregivers to supplement their efforts for heart failure self-care. The initial purpose of this study was to conduct a qualitative study to determine if 1) a knowledge gap exists between heart failure patients and their caregivers and 2) if this gap in knowledge contributes to poor management of heart failure. Due to lack of patient participation a synthesized literature review was conducted regarding caregiver contribution to low sodium diet adherence in the heart failure patient. Six themes emerged from this literature review a) cultural impact, b) caregiver support, c) caregiver lack of knowledge, d) impact of patient and caregiver relationship, e) ineffective communication between the healthcare provide and caregiver, and f) socioeconomic factors. While heart failure disease education is important, lack of consideration of the identified themes will likely leave disease education ineffective, leaving gaps in patient and caregiver knowledge.
Quantum coherence versus interferometric visibility in a biased Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Creators: name: Chrysosthemos, Diego S. S.
name: Basso, Marcos L. W.
name: Maziero, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The double-slit interferometer and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) with balanced beam splitters are prototypical setups for investigating the quantum wave-particle duality. These setups induced a quantitative association of interferometric visibility (IVI) with the wave aspect of a single quantum system (WAQ). Recently, it was realized that quantum coherence (QC) can be better suited than IVI for quantifying the WAQ in complementarity relations. In this article, we investigate a MZI with biased beam splitters both in the input and the output, and we show that in some cases the IVI is not adequate to quantify the WAQ since it does not reflect the behavior of the quantum coherence, even for a bi-dimensional closed quantum system. Using IBM quantum computers, we experimentally verify our theoretical findings by doing a full quantum simulation of the optical MZI with biased beam splitters.
The VLT/NaCo large program to probe the occurrence of exoplanets and brown dwarfs at wide orbits. III. The frequency of brown dwarfs and giant planets as companions to solar-type stars
Creators: name: Reggiani, M.
name: Meyer, M. R.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Vigan, A.
name: Quanz, S. P.
name: Biller, B.
name: Bonavita, M.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Delorme, P.
name: Hagelberg, J.
name: Maire, A. -L.
name: Boccaletti, A.
name: Beuzit, J. -L.
name: Buenzli, E.
name: Carson, J.
name: Covino, E.
name: Feldt, M.
name: Girard, J.
name: Gratton, R.
name: Henning, T.
name: Kasper, M.
name: Lagrange, A. -M.
name: Mesa, D.
name: Messina, S.
name: Montagnier, G.
name: Mordasini, C.
name: Mouillet, D.
name: Schlieder, J. E.
name: Segransan, D.
name: Thalmann, C.
name: Zurlo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years there have been many attempts to characterize the occurrence of stellar, BD and planetary-mass companions to solar-type stars, with the aim of constraining formation mechanisms. From RV observations a dearth of companions with masses between 10-40 MJup has been noticed at close separations, suggesting the possibility of a distinct formation mechanism for objects above and below this range. We present a model for the substellar companion mass function (CMF). It consists of the superposition of the planet and BD companion mass distributions, assuming that we can extrapolate the RV measured companion mass function for planets to larger separations and the stellar companion mass-ratio distribution over all separations into the BD mass regime. By using both the results of the VLT/NaCo large program and the complementary archive datasets that probe the occurrence of planets and BDs on wide orbits around solar-type stars, we place some constraints on the planet and BD distributions. We developed a MC simulation tool to predict the outcome of a given survey, depending on the shape of the orbital parameter distributions. Comparing the predictions with the results of the observations, we calculate how likely different models are and which can be ruled out. Current observations are consistent with the proposed model for the CMF, as long as a sufficiently small outer truncation radius is introduced for the planet separation distribution. The results of the direct imaging surveys searching for substellar companions around Sun-like stars are consistent with a combined substellar mass spectrum of planets and BDs. This mass distribution has a minimum between 10 and 50 MJup, in agreement with RV measurements. The dearth of objects in this mass range would naturally arise from the shape of the mass distribution, without the introduction of any distinct formation mechanism for BDs.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
An Evaluation of Palliative Care Education at the UNC School of Medicine: Redesigning an Undergraduate Medical Curriculum
Creators: name: Hardy, Courtney
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: This study illustrates that the national trends in attitudes about palliative care also apply to UNC. Some of the students and faculty still believe the fallacy that palliative care and end-of-life care are the same. This demonstrates a need to further educate students about the subject. The proposed ideas for modifying the curriculum reflected similar actions taken by other medical schools that have proven to be effective. The study provides those ideas along with a plan for action to the TEC Committee to help them start the process for change.
A fast Chebyshev method for the Bingham closure with application to active nematic suspensions
Creators: name: Weady, Scott
name: Shelley, Michael J.
name: Stein, David B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Continuum kinetic theories provide an important tool for the analysis and simulation of particle suspensions. When those particles are anisotropic, the addition of a particle orientation vector to the kinetic description yields a $2d-1$ dimensional theory which becomes intractable to simulate, especially in three dimensions or near states where the particles are highly aligned. Coarse-grained theories that track only moments of the particle distribution functions provide a more efficient simulation framework, but require closure assumptions. For the particular case where the particles are apolar, the Bingham closure has been found to agree well with the underlying kinetic theory; yet the closure is non-trivial to compute, requiring the solution of an often nearly-singular nonlinear equation at every spatial discretization point at every timestep. In this paper, we present a robust, accurate, and efficient numerical scheme for evaluating the Bingham closure, with a controllable error/efficiency tradeoff. To demonstrate the utility of the method, we carry out high-resolution simulations of a coarse-grained continuum model for a suspension of active particles in parameter regimes inaccessible to kinetic theories. Analysis of these simulations reveals that inaccurately computing the closure can act to effectively limit spatial resolution in the coarse-grained fields. Pushing these simulations to the high spatial resolutions enabled by our method reveals a coupling between vorticity and topological defects in the suspension director field, as well as signatures of energy transfer between scales in this active fluid model.
Measuring Vacuum Polarisation with High Power Lasers
Creators: name: King, B.
name: Heinzl, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When exposed to intense electromagnetic fields, the quantum vacuum is expected to exhibit properties of a polarisable medium akin to a weakly nonlinear dielectric material. Various schemes have been proposed to measure such vacuum polarisation effects using a combination of high power lasers. Motivated by several planned experiments, we provide an overview of experimental signatures that have been suggested to confirm this prediction of quantum electrodynamics of real photon-photon scattering.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, invited paper to High Power Laser Science and Engineering
A note on the rational homological dimension of lattices in positive characteristic
Creators: name: Hughes, Sam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show via $\ell^2$-homology that the rational homological dimension of a lattice in a product of simple simply connected Chevalley groups over global function fields is equal to the rational cohomological dimension and to the dimension of the associated Bruhat--Tits building.
description: 4 pages
Corrections to "Homotopy theory of nonsymmetric operads, I, II"
Creators: name: Muro, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We correct a mistake in the construction of push-outs along free morphisms of algebras over a nonsymmetric operad in arXiv:1101.1634 [math.AT], and we fix the affected results in arXiv:1101.1634 [math.AT] and arXiv:1304.6641 [math.AT].
description: 27 pages
DFTTK: Density Functional Theory ToolKit for High-throughput Lattice Dynamics Calculations
Creators: name: Wang, Yi
name: Liao, Mingqing
name: Bocklund, Brandon J.
name: Gao, Peng
name: Shang, Shun-Li
name: Kim, Hojong
name: Beese, Allison M.
name: Chen, Long-Qing
name: Liu, Zi-Kui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present a software package in Python for high-throughput first-principles calculations of thermodynamic properties at finite temperatures, which we refer to as DFTTK (Density Functional Theory Tool Kit). DFTTK is based on the atomate package and integrates our experiences in the last decades on the development of theoretical methods and computational software. It includes task submissions on all major operating systems and task execution on high-performance computing environments. The distribution of the DFTTK package comes with examples of calculations of phonon density of states, heat capacity, entropy, enthalpy, and free energy under the quasi-harmonic phonon scheme for the stoichiometric phases of Al, Ni, Al3Ni, AlNi, AlNi3, Al3Ni4, and Al3Ni5, and the fcc solution phases treated using the special quasirandom structures at the compositions of Al3Ni, AlNi, and AlNi3.
description: 50 pages, 18 figures
title: Η επίδραση των μέσων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης στο συναισθηματικό δέσιμο και την πίστη στη φίρμα μέσω της θεωρίας της αλυσίδας τελετουργικής αλληλεπίδρασης
title: The effect of social media on emotional attachment and brand loyalty through ritual interaction chain theory
Creators: name: Κιτσιδης Χρηστος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2023

description: Οι δραστηριότητες στα μέσα κοινωνικής δικτύωσης, οι οποίες αναπαράγονται από τους καταναλωτές εικάζεται πως πιθανώς έχουν καθοριστική επίδραση στο συναισθηματικό τους δέσιμο με τη φίρμα (brand) και το πόσο πιστοί είναι σε αυτή. Σε αυτό το άρθρο μέσω της θεωρία της αλυσίδας τελετουργικής αλληλεπίδρασης (IR), θα μελετήσουμε αρχικά αν είναι εφικτό να παραχθεί συναισθηματική ενέργεια στις πλατφόρμες αυτές και στη συνέχεια, αν με τη χρήση της θεωρίας αυτής μπορούν τα brands να ενδυναμώσουν την εικόνα τους στα μάτια των καταναλωτών. Η συλλογή δεδομένων θα γίνει με τη δημιουργία ενός ερωτηματολογίου, το οποίο θα περιέχει ερωτήσεις δημογραφικού τύπου αλλά και ερωτήσεις σχετικά με τα κριτήρια που πρέπει να τηρούνται έτσι ώστε να ισχύει η θεωρία των IR. Στα πλαίσια της έρευνας της εργασίας θέτονται πέντε ερευνητικά ερωτήματα, τα οποία αναλύονται σε περαιτέρω ερευνητικές υποθέσεις και πρέπει να απαντηθούν.
West: A Novella
Creators: name: Mellow, Diana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: A young woman in 1980s Soviet Russia makes a plot to escape her loveless marriage, but her complex plan is foiled by the fall of the Berlin Wall. Caught in the cross-hairs of history, she must make a choice that will change her own and her child's life forever.
Effect of stochastic resetting on Brownian motion with stochastic diffusion coefficient
Creators: name: Santra, Ion
name: Basu, Urna
name: Sabhapandit, Sanjib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of a Brownian motion with a diffusion coefficient which evolves stochastically. We first study this process in arbitrary dimensions and find the scaling form and the corresponding scaling function of the position distribution. We find that the tails of the distribution have exponential tails with a ballistic scaling. We then introduce the resetting dynamics where, at a constant rate, both the position and the diffusion coefficient are reset to zero. This eventually leads to a nonequilibrium stationary state, which we study in arbitrary dimensions. In stark contrast to ordinary Brownian motion under resetting, the stationary position distribution in one dimension has a logarithmic divergence at the origin. For higher dimensions, however, the divergence disappears and the distribution attains a dimension-dependent constant value at the origin, which we compute exactly. The distribution has a generic stretched exponential tail in all dimensions. We also study the approach to the stationary state and find that, as time increases, an inner core region around the origin attains the stationary state, while the outside region still has a transient distribution -- this inner stationary region grows $\sim t^2$, i.e., with a constant acceleration, much faster than ordinary Brownian motion.
No Evidence for Classical Cepheids and a New Dwarf Galaxy Behind the Galactic Disk
Creators: name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Wyrzykowski, L.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Mroz, P.
name: Pawlak, M.
name: Kozlowski, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on data from the ongoing OGLE Galaxy Variability Survey (OGLE GVS) we have verified observed properties of stars detected by the near-infrared VVV survey in a direction near the Galactic plane at longitude l~-27 deg and recently tentatively classified as classical Cepheids belonging to a, hence claimed, dwarf galaxy at a distance of about 90 kpc from the Galactic Center. Three of four stars are detected in the OGLE GVS I-band images. We show that two of the objects are not variable at all and the third one with a period of 5.695 d and a nearly sinusoidal light curve of an amplitude of 0.5 mag cannot be a classical Cepheid and is very likely a spotted object. These results together with a very unusual shape of the Ks-band light curve of the fourth star indicate that very likely none of them is a Cepheid and, thus, there is no evidence for a background dwarf galaxy. Our observations show that a great care must be taken when classifying objects by their low-amplitude close-to-sinusoidal near-infrared light curves, especially with a small number of measurements. We also provide a sample of high-amplitude spotted stars with periods of a few days that can mimick pulsations and even eclipses.
description: accepted to ApJL, response to http://arxiv.org/abs/1502.01358
Field-effect induced tunability in planar hyperbolic metamaterials
Creators: name: Papadakis, Georgia T.
name: Atwater, Harry A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that use of the field effect to tune the effective optical parameters of a layered hyperbolic metamaterial leads to topological transitions in its dispersion characteristics in the optical regime. Field effect gating electrically modulates the permittivity in transparent conductive oxides via changes in the carrier density. These permittivity changes lead to active extreme modulation of ~200% of the effective electromagnetic parameters along with active control of the anisotropic dispersion surface of hyperbolic metamaterials and enable the opening and closing of photonic band gaps.
Student Sociodemographic and School Type Differences in Teacher-Predicted vs. Achieved Grades for University Admission
Creators: name: Leckie, George
name: Maragkou, Konstantina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In England, students apply to universities using teacher predicted grades instead of their final end-of-school A-level examination results. Predicted rather than achieved grades therefore inform how ambitiously students apply to and receive offers from the most selective courses. The Universities and Colleges Admissions Service (UCAS) encourage teachers to make optimistic predictions to motivate students to apply ambitiously and achieve higher grades. However, little is known about variations in optimism across students and schools, as well as the mechanisms behind such variations. If certain groups of students or schools are predicted more optimistically than others, this may distort application, offer, and acceptance rates between these groups. Such distortions have the potential to impact efforts to promote wider participation and enhance social mobility. In this study, we use newly linked administrative education data to show predicted grades are differentially optimistic by student sociodemographic and school characteristics. These variations are often substantial and can only be partially explained by differences in students’ prior achievements, the subjects they studied at A-level, the degree subjects they pursue, and their choices of university and courses. We find less educationally advantaged students are in general more rather than less optimistically predicted, although there are important exceptions to this trend. Our findings contribute to the growing consensus advocating for reforms to the admissions system, including whereby students can continue to revise their course choices until they receive their achieved grades, and universities only make offers after that date.
THE CORRELATION OF RESILIENCE WITH NURSES WORK STRESS IN EMERGENCY UNIT RUMAH SAKIT AL ISLAM (RSAI) BANDUNG
Creators: name: Pragholapati, Andria
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Critical Care Nursing
subject: Occupational and Environmental Health Nursing
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: EMERGENCY
subject: NURSE
subject: RESILIEN
subject: RESILIENCY
subject: STRESS
subject: WORK STRESS

description: Work stressors in the Emergency Unit is higher compared with the stressors in other units. The high level of work stressors can cause to job stress. Each individual actually has an ability to adapt and being flexible when they were faced to the internal and external pressure which is known by the term resiliency. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship between job stress with resilience in nurses who worked in the emergency unit Rumah Sakit Al Islam (RSAI) Bandung. Research conducted by descriptive correlative method using a total sampling so that all nurses in the Emergency Unit of Al Islam Hospital is 19 people. Test results obtained using T scores for univariate analysis and Mc Nemar for the bivariate analysis, using alpha significance value of 5% (α = 0.05). Based on it obtained value was calculated = 0.04 <3.841 = 0.05; 1 the Ho accepted, this indicates there was no association between the occurrence of workplace stress with resiliency in nurses who work in the emergency unit of Rumah Sakit Al Islam (RSAI ) Bandung.
Zentropy Theory for Positive and Negative Thermal Expansions
Creators: name: Liu, Zi-Kui
name: Wang, Yi
name: Shang, Shun-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been observed in both natural and man-made materials that volume sometimes decreases with increasing temperature. Though mechanistic understanding has been gained for some individual materials, a general answer to the question "Why does volume sometimes decrease with the increase of temperature?" remains lacking. Based on the thermodynamic relation that the derivative of volume with respect to temperature, i.e., thermal expansion, is equal to the negative derivative of entropy with respect to pressure, we developed a general theory in terms of multiscale entropy to understand and predict the change of volume as a function of temperature, which is termed as zentropy theory in the present work. It is shown that a phase at high temperatures is a statistical representation of the ground-state stable and multiple nonground-state metastable configurations. It is demonstrated that when the volumes of the major nonground-state configurations are smaller than that of the ground-state configuration, the volume of the phase may decrease with the increase of temperature in certain ranges of temperature-pressure combinations, depicting the negative divergency of thermal expansion at the critical point. As examples, positive and negative divergencies of thermal expansion are predicted at the critical points of Ce and Fe3Pt, respectively, along with the temperature and pressure ranges for abnormally positive and negative thermal expansion. The authors believe that the zentropy theory is applicable to predict anomalies of other physical properties of phases because the change of entropy drives the responses of a system to external stimuli.
On the Farrell-Jones Conjecture for algebraic K-theory of spaces: the Farrell-Hsiang method
Creators: name: Ullmann, Mark
name: Winges, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19D10 (Primary), 18F25, 57Q10 (Secondary)

description: We prove the Farrell-Jones Conjecture for algebraic K-theory of spaces for virtually poly-Z-groups. For this, we transfer the 'Farrell-Hsiang method' from the linear case to categories of equivariant, controlled retractive spaces.
description: 62 pages; updated the cofinality theorem 4.3 and Remark 8.5; minor changes to the introduction; updated bibliography and author adresses
Virtual Presence for Medical Procedures
Creators: name: Menozzi, Federico
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: As medical training becomes more and more complex, with students being expected to learn
increasingly specialized and sophisticated procedures, the current practice of having students
physically observe all procedures is becoming increasingly difficult. Some procedures are
exceedingly rare, while others may rely on specialized equipment not available to the student's
institution. Additionally, some procedures can be fast-paced, and critical details might be
overlooked in such a hectic environment. We present an application solution that records the
procedure with multiple cameras, reconstructs the 3D environment and people frame-by-frame,
then utilizes virtual reality (VR) to allow the student to walk through the reconstruction of the
procedure through time. We also include several post-reconstruction enhancements, such as
video playback controls, scene annotations, and introducing new 3D models into the
environment. While we present our solution in the context of medical training, our system is
general enough to be applicable in a wide variety of training scenarios.
Time and Gödel: Fuzzy temporal reasoning in PSPACE
Creators: name: Aguilera, Juan Pablo
name: Diéguez, Martín
name: Fernández-Duque, David
name: McLean, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate a non-classical version of linear temporal logic whose propositional fragment is Gödel--Dummett logic (which is well known both as a superintuitionistic logic and a t-norm fuzzy logic). We define the logic using two natural semantics, a real-valued semantics and a bi-relational semantics, and show that these indeed define one and the same logic. Although this Gödel temporal logic does not have any form of the finite model property for these two semantics, we show that every falsifiable formula is falsifiable on a finite quasimodel, which yields decidability of the logic. We then strengthen this result by showing that this Gödel temporal logic is PSPACE-complete.
Bayesian Semiparametric Markov Renewal Mixed Models for Vocalization Syntax
Creators: name: Wu, Yutong
name: Jarvis, Erich D.
name: Sarkar, Abhra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Studying the neurological, genetic and evolutionary basis of human vocal communication mechanisms is an important field of neuroscience. In the absence of high quality data on humans, mouse vocalization experiments in laboratory settings have been proven to be useful in providing valuable insights into mammalian vocal development and evolution, including especially the impact of certain genetic mutations. Data sets from mouse vocalization experiments usually consist of categorical syllable sequences along with continuous inter-syllable interval times for mice of different genotypes vocalizing under various contexts. Few statistical models have considered the inference for both transition probabilities and inter-state intervals. The latter is of particular importance as increased inter-state intervals can be an indication of possible vocal impairment. In this paper, we propose a class of novel Markov renewal mixed models that capture the stochastic dynamics of both state transitions and inter-state interval times. Specifically, we model the transition dynamics and the inter-state intervals using Dirichlet and gamma mixtures, respectively, allowing the mixture probabilities in both cases to vary flexibly with fixed covariate effects as well as random individual-specific effects. We apply our model to analyze the impact of a mutation in the Foxp2 gene on mouse vocal behavior. We find that genotypes and social contexts significantly affect the inter-state interval times but, compared to previous analyses, the influences of genotype and social context on the syllable transition dynamics are weaker.
description: 40 pages, 7 figures
Mass Transport and Turbulence in Gravitationally Unstable Disk Galaxies. I: The Case of Pure Self-Gravity
Creators: name: Goldbaum, Nathan J.
name: Krumholz, Mark R.
name: Forbes, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of gravitational instability-driven turbulence in determining the structure and evolution of disk galaxies, and the extent to which gravity rather than feedback can explain galaxy properties, remains an open question. To address it, we present high resolution adaptive mesh refinement simulations of Milky Way-like isolated disk galaxies, including realistic heating and cooling rates and a physically motivated prescription for star formation, but no form of star formation feedback. After an initial transient, our galaxies reach a state of fully-nonlinear gravitational instability. In this state, gravity drives turbulence and radial inflow. Despite the lack of feedback, the gas in our galaxy models shows substantial turbulent velocity dispersions, indicating that gravitational instability alone may be able to power the velocity dispersions observed in nearby disk galaxies on 100 pc scales. Moreover, the rate of mass transport produced by this turbulence approaches $\sim 1$ $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ for Milky Way-like conditions, sufficient to fully fuel star formation in the inner disks of galaxies. In a companion paper we add feedback to our models, and use the comparison between the two cases to understand what galaxy properties depend sensitively on feedback, and which can be understood as the product of gravity alone. All of the code, initial conditions, and simulation data for our model are publicly available.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ. 6.5 TB of simulation data and processed derived data are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.13012/J8F769GV
Monte Carlo study of the BMV vacuum linear magnetic birefringence experiment
Creators: name: Agil, Jonathan
name: Battesti, R.
name: Rizzo, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QED vacuum can be polarized and magnetized by an external electromagnetic field, therefore acting as a birefringent medium. This effect has not yet been measured. In this paper, after having recalled the main facts concerning Vacuum Magnetic Birefringence polarimetry detection method and the related noise sources, we detail our Monte Carlo simulation of a pulsed magnetic field data run. Our Monte Carlo results are optimized to match BMV experiment 2014 data. We show that our Monte Carlo approach can reproduce experimental results giving an important insight to the systematic effects limiting experiment sensitivity.
An empirical sequence of disk gap opening revealed by rovibrational CO
Creators: name: Banzatti, A.
name: Pontoppidan, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fundamental rovibrational band of CO near 4.7 $μ$m is a sensitive tracer of the presence and location of molecular gas in the planet-forming region of protoplanetary disks at 0.01--10 AU. We present a new analysis of a high-resolution spectral survey (R$\,\sim\,$96,000, or $\sim3.2\,\rm km\,s^{-1}$) of CO rovibrational lines from protoplanetary disks spanning a wide range of stellar masses and of evolutionary properties. We find that the CO emission originates in two distinct velocity components. Line widths of both components correlate strongly with disk inclination, as expected for gas in Keplerian rotation. By measuring the line flux ratios between vibrational transitions $F_{v=2-1}/F_{v=1-0}$, we find that the two velocity components are clearly distinct in excitation. The broad component ($\rm FWHM=50-200\,km\,s^{-1}$) probes the disk region near the magnetospheric accretion radius at $\approx0.05$ AU, where the gas is hot ($800-1500$ K). The narrow component ($\rm FWHM=10-50 km\,s^{-1}$) probes the disk at larger radii of 0.1--10\,AU, where the gas is typically colder (200--700 K). CO excitation temperatures and orbital radii define an empirical temperature-radius relation as a power law with index $-0.3\pm0.1$ between 0.05--3 AU. The broad CO component, co-spatial with the observed orbital distribution of hot Jupiters, is rarely detected in transitional and Herbig Ae disks, providing evidence for an early dissipation of the innermost disk. An inversion in the temperature profile beyond 3 AU is interpreted as a tracer of a regime dominated by UV pumping in largely devoid inner disks, and may be a signature of the last stage before the disk enters the gas-poor debris phase.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Asymptotic behaviour of solutions to non-commensurate fractional-order planar systems
Creators: name: Diethelm, Kai
name: Thai, Ha Duc
name: Tuan, Hoang The
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A08, 35A01, 35B20, 35B40, 60H15, 35R60

description: This paper is devoted to studying non-commensurate fractional order planar systems. Our contributions are to derive sufficient conditions for the global attractivity of non-trivial solutions to fractional-order inhomogeneous linear planar systems and for the Mittag-Leffler stability of an equilibrium point to fractional order nonlinear planar systems. To achieve these goals, our approach is as follows. Firstly, based on Cauchy's argument principle in complex analysis, we obtain various explicit sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of linear systems whose coefficient matrices are constant. Secondly, by using Hankel type contours, we derive some important estimates of special functions arising from a variation of constants formula of solutions to inhomogeneous linear systems. Then, by proposing new weighted norms combined with the Banach fixed point theorem for appropriate Banach spaces, we get the desired conclusions. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the effect of the main theoretical results.
description: 33 pages, 10 figures
Young people’s perceptions about abortion in Southwest Nigeria: Findings from formative audience research (Extended data)
Creators: name: Arije, Olujide
name: Onayade, Ayodeji
name: Titus, Rachel
name: Ojo, Temitope
name: Alaba, Oluwatoyin
name: Adegbenro, Abiodun
name: Connolly, Scott
name: Fatou, Jah
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Abortion
subject: Adolescents and young people
subject: Formative audience research
subject: Nigeria
subject: Termination of pregnancy

description: This is the focus group discussion guide and code dictionary for the study "Young people’s perceptions about abortion in Southwest Nigeria: Findings from formative audience research"
Foundations for NLP-assisted formative assessment feedback for short-answer tasks in large-enrollment classes
Creators: name: Lloyd, Susan
name: Beckman, Matthew
name: Pearl, Dennis
name: Passonneau, Rebecca
name: Li, Zhaohui
name: Wang, Zekun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Research suggests "write-to-learn" tasks improve learning outcomes, yet constructed-response methods of formative assessment become unwieldy with large class sizes. This study evaluates natural language processing algorithms to assist this aim. Six short-answer tasks completed by 1,935 students were scored by several human raters, using a detailed rubric, and an algorithm. Results indicate substantial inter-rater agreement using quadratic weighted kappa for rater pairs (each QWK > 0.74) and group consensus (Fleiss Kappa = 0.68). Additionally, intra-rater agreement was estimated for one rater who had scored 178 responses seven years prior (QWK = 0.89). With compelling rater agreement, the study then pilots cluster analysis of response text toward enabling instructors to ascribe meaning to clusters as a means for scalable formative assessment.
description: 6 pages
A Targeted Search for Peculiarly Red L and T Dwarfs in SDSS, 2MASS, and WISE: Discovery of a Possible L7 Member of the TW Hydrae Association
Creators: name: Kellogg, Kendra
name: Metchev, Stanimir
name: Geissler, Kerstin
name: Hicks, Shannon
name: Kirkpatrick, J. Davy
name: Kurtev, Radostin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first results from a targeted search for brown dwarfs with unusual red colors indicative of peculiar atmospheric characteristics. These include objects with low surface gravities or with unusual dust content or cloud properties. From a positional cross-match of SDSS, 2MASS and WISE, we have identified 40 candidate peculiar early L to early T dwarfs that are either new objects or have not been identified as peculiar through prior spectroscopy. Using low resolution spectra, we confirm that 10 of the candidates are either peculiar or potential L/T binaries. With a J-Ks color of 2.62 +/- 0.15 mag, one of the new objects --- the L7 dwarf 2MASS J11193254-1137466 --- is among the reddest field dwarfs currently known. Its proper motion and photometric parallax indicate that it is a possible member of the TW Hydrae moving group. If confirmed, it would its lowest-mass (5--6 MJup) free-floating member. We also report a new T dwarf, 2MASS J22153705+2110554, that was previously overlooked in the SDSS footprint. These new discoveries demonstrate that despite the considerable scrutiny already devoted to the SDSS and 2MASS surveys, our exploration of these data sets is not yet complete.
description: 36 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in AJ
Variational quantum algorithm for unconstrained black box binary optimization: Application to feature selection
Creators: name: Zoufal, Christa
name: Mishmash, Ryan V.
name: Sharma, Nitin
name: Kumar, Niraj
name: Sheshadri, Aashish
name: Deshmukh, Amol
name: Ibrahim, Noelle
name: Gacon, Julien
name: Woerner, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a variational quantum algorithm to solve unconstrained black box binary optimization problems, i.e., problems in which the objective function is given as black box. This is in contrast to the typical setting of quantum algorithms for optimization where a classical objective function is provided as a given Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem and mapped to a sum of Pauli operators. Furthermore, we provide theoretical justification for our method based on convergence guarantees of quantum imaginary time evolution. To investigate the performance of our algorithm and its potential advantages, we tackle a challenging real-world optimization problem: feature selection. This refers to the problem of selecting a subset of relevant features to use for constructing a predictive model such as fraud detection. Optimal feature selection -- when formulated in terms of a generic loss function -- offers little structure on which to build classical heuristics, thus resulting primarily in 'greedy methods'. This leaves room for (near-term) quantum algorithms to be competitive to classical state-of-the-art approaches. We apply our quantum-optimization-based feature selection algorithm, termed VarQFS, to build a predictive model for a credit risk data set with 20 and 59 input features (qubits) and train the model using quantum hardware and tensor-network-based numerical simulations, respectively. We show that the quantum method produces competitive and in certain aspects even better performance compared to traditional feature selection techniques used in today's industry.
From Sitting In to Camping Out: Student Protest, Shanties, and the Struggle Against Apartheid South Africa
Creators: name: Beeninga, Timber Grey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: In the early morning hours of May 11, 1985, public safety officers at Cornell University
drove a bulldozer to the front of the main campus administration building to demolish fifteen
wooden shanties built by student anti-apartheid activists. The cardboard, plastic, and plywood
structures symbolized the impoverished living conditions of black South Africans who were
suffering––and dying––under apartheid. Unwilling to allow the officers to destroy the shanties,
the Cornell students wired their bodies to the structures, and waited. The officers arrived and cut
the wires with bolt cutters and forcibly disentangled the students so that the demolition could
continue. However, the students, who were fiercely committed to the cause of divestment,
fashioned a human chain around the shanties and resisted the bulldozer’s advances. The public
safety officers conceded for the day, and the shanties remained standing. With each day that the
shanties stood, students organized, strategized, held public forums, and even slept within the
provisional walls (Martin, 2011).
This thesis will explore how the construction of the shanty––and the fight to keep them
standing––became a symbol of anti-apartheid resistance on forty-six American university
campuses in the late 1980s. The shanty tactic pressured university administrations to consider the
moral implications of economic relations with apartheid, specifically university endowment
investments in companies and banks operating in South Africa. Before exploring the significance
of the anti-apartheid shanties within the greater durée of American student activism and
construction protests, a historical overview of apartheid is provided for context.
Script-based Reappraisal Test - Introducing a new paradigm to investigate the effect of reappraisal inventiveness on reappraisal effectiveness
Creators: name: Zeier, Peter
name: Sandner, Magdalena
name: Wessa, Michele
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: cognitive reappraisal
subject: emotion regulation
subject: reappraisal inventiveness

description: The ability to regulate emotions is essential for psychological well-being. Therefore, it is particularly important to investigate the specific dynamics of emotion regulation. In a new approach, we developed a novel paradigm – the Script-based Reappraisal Test (SRT) – to measure the processes involved in reappraisal, especially reappraisal inventiveness, i.e. the ability to create multiple and differing reappraisals. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) experimentally validate the SRT and (2) investigate whether reappraisal inventiveness increases reappraisal effectiveness. Healthy students (N = 143) completed the SRT. In this task, we presented everyday emotional situations in textual form and instructed participants to either decrease negative emotions by generating different reappraisals (reappraisal-trials) or react naturally (control-trials) to the situations. After each trial, participants indicated their affective state (SAM) and typed in their reappraisal thoughts. Within-subjects analyses showed significantly less negative affect and arousal in reappraisal-trials compared to control-trials, indicating a successful emotion regulation through reappraisal. Contrary to our hypothesis, reappraisal inventiveness and reappraisal effectiveness were not related. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed in the light of a person-by-situation approach.
Simplex Closing Probabilities in Directed Graphs
Creators: name: Unger, Florian
name: Krebs, Jonathan
name: Müller, Michael G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 05E45 (Primary), 05C85 (Secondary), 05c20 (Secondary)

description: Recent work in mathematical neuroscience has calculated the directed graph homology of the directed simplicial complex given by the brains sparse adjacency graph, the so called connectome. These biological connectomes show an abundance of both high-dimensional directed simplices and Betti-numbers in all viable dimensions - in contrast to Erdős-Rényi-graphs of comparable size and density. An analysis of synthetically trained connectomes reveals similar findings, raising questions about the graphs comparability and the nature of origin of the simplices. We present a new method capable of delivering insight into the emergence of simplices and thus simplicial abundance. Our approach allows to easily distinguish simplex-rich connectomes of different origin. The method relies on the novel concept of an almost-d-simplex, that is, a simplex missing exactly one edge, and consequently the almost-d-simplex closing probability by dimension. We also describe a fast algorithm to identify almost-d-simplices in a given graph. Applying this method to biological and artificial data allows us to identify a mechanism responsible for simplex emergence, and suggests this mechanism is responsible for the simplex signature of the excitatory subnetwork of a statistical reconstruction of the mouse primary visual cortex. Our highly optimised code for this new method is publicly available.
Ab initio simulations on the pure Cr lattice stability at 0K: Verification with the Fe-Cr and Ni-Cr binary systems
Creators: name: Yang, Songge
name: Wang, Yi
name: Liu, Zi-Kui
name: Zhong, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Significant discrepancies have been observed and discussed on the lattice stability of Cr between the predictions from the ab initio calculations and the CALPHAD approach. In the current work, we carefully examined the possible structures for pure Cr and reviewed the history back from how Kaufman originally determined the Gibbs energy of FCC-Cr in the 1970s. The reliability of Cr lattice stability derived by the CALPHAD and ab initio approaches was systematically discussed. It is concluded that the Cr lattice stability based on the CALPHAD approach has large uncertainty. Meanwhile, we cannot claim that the ab initio HFCC-Cr is error-free as FCC-Cr is an unstable phase under ambient conditions. The present work shows that the ab initio HFCC-Cr can be a viable scientific approach. As both approaches have their limitations, the present work propose to integrate the ab initio results into the CALPHAD platform for the development of the next generation CALPHAD database. The Fe-Cr and Ni-Cr binary systems were chosen as two case studies demonstrating the capability to adopt the ab initio Cr lattice stability directly into the current CALPHAD database framework.