cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quasi-periodic oscillations during magnetar giant flares in the strangeon star model
Creators: name: Li, Hong-Bo
name: Kang, Yacheng
name: Hu, Zexin
name: Shao, Lijing
name: Xia, Cheng-Jun
name: Xu, Ren-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are widely understood as slowly rotating isolated neutron stars. Their generally large spin-down rates, high magnetic fields, and strong outburst energies render them different from ordinary pulsars. In a few giant flares (GFs) and short bursts of SGRs, high-confidence quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) were observed. Although remaining an open question, many theoretical studies suggest that the torsional oscillations caused by starquakes could explain QPOs. Motivated by this scenario, we systematically investigate torsional oscillation frequencies based on the strangeon-star (SS) model with various values of harmonic indices and overtones. To characterize the strong-repulsive interaction at short distances and the non-relativistic nature of strangeons, a phenomenological Lennard-Jones model is adopted. We show that, attributing to the large shear modulus of SSs, our results explain well the high-frequency QPOs ($\gtrsim 150\,\mathrm{Hz}$) during the GFs. The low-frequency QPOs ($\lesssim 150\,\mathrm{Hz}$) can also be interpreted when the ocean-crust interface modes are included. We also discuss possible effects of the magnetic field on the torsional mode frequencies. Considering realistic models with general-relativistic corrections and magnetic fields, we further calculate torsional oscillation frequencies for quark stars. We show that it would be difficult for quark stars to explain all QPOs in GFs. Our work advances the understanding of the nature of QPOs and magnetar asteroseismology.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures; accepted by MNRAS
Degeneration-Tuning: Using Scrambled Grid shield Unwanted Concepts from Stable Diffusion
Creators: name: Ni, Zixuan
name: Wei, Longhui
name: Li, Jiacheng
name: Tang, Siliang
name: Zhuang, Yueting
name: Tian, Qi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Owing to the unrestricted nature of the content in the training data, large text-to-image diffusion models, such as Stable Diffusion (SD), are capable of generating images with potentially copyrighted or dangerous content based on corresponding textual concepts information. This includes specific intellectual property (IP), human faces, and various artistic styles. However, Negative Prompt, a widely used method for content removal, frequently fails to conceal this content due to inherent limitations in its inference logic. In this work, we propose a novel strategy named \textbf{Degeneration-Tuning (DT)} to shield contents of unwanted concepts from SD weights. By utilizing Scrambled Grid to reconstruct the correlation between undesired concepts and their corresponding image domain, we guide SD to generate meaningless content when such textual concepts are provided as input. As this adaptation occurs at the level of the model's weights, the SD, after DT, can be grafted onto other conditional diffusion frameworks like ControlNet to shield unwanted concepts. In addition to qualitatively showcasing the effectiveness of our DT method in protecting various types of concepts, a quantitative comparison of the SD before and after DT indicates that the DT method does not significantly impact the generative quality of other contents. The FID and IS scores of the model on COCO-30K exhibit only minor changes after DT, shifting from 12.61 and 39.20 to 13.04 and 38.25, respectively, which clearly outperforms the previous methods.
Distinct distances from three points
Creators: name: Sharir, Micha
name: Solymosi, Jozsef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $p_1,p_2,p_3$ be three non-collinear points in the plane, and let $P$ be a set of $n$ other points in the plane. We show that the number of distinct distances between $p_1,p_2,p_3$ and the points of $P$ is $Ω(n^{6/11})$, improving the lower bound $Ω(n^{0.502})$ of Elekes and Szabó \cite{ESz} (and considerably simplifying the analysis).
Anti-Anthropic Solutions to the Cosmic Coincidence Problem
Creators: name: Fedrow, Joseph M.
name: Griest, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A cosmological constant fits all current dark energy data, but requires two extreme fine tunings, both of which are currently explained by anthropic arguments. Here we discuss anti-anthropic solutions to one of these problems: the cosmic coincidence problem- that today the dark energy density is nearly equal to the matter density. We replace the ensemble of Universes used in the anthropic solution with an ensemble of tracking scalar fields that do not require fine-tuning. This not only does away with the coincidence problem, but also allows for a Universe that has a very different future than the one currently predicted by a cosmological constant. These models also allow for transient periods of significant scalar field energy (SSFE) over the history of the Universe that can give very different observational signatures as compared with a cosmological constant, and so can be confirmed or disproved in current and upcoming experiments.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Higgs Vacuum Stability in $B-L$ extended Standard Model
Creators: name: Datta, Alakabha
name: Elsayed, A.
name: Khalil, S.
name: Moursy, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study vacuum stability of B-L extension of the Standard Model (SM) and its supersymmetric version. We show that the generation of non-vanishing neutrino masses through TeV inverse seesaw mechanism leads to a cutoff scale of SM Higgs potential stability of order 10^5 GeV. However, in the non-supersymmetric B-L model, we find that the mixing between the SM-like Higgs and the B-L Higgs plays a crucial role in alleviating the vacuum stability problem. We also provide the constraints of stabilizing the Higgs potential in the supersymmetric B-L model.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Combining Evaluation Metrics via the Unanimous Improvement Ratio and its Application to Clustering Tasks
Creators: name: Amigó, Enrique
name: Gonzalo, Julio
name: Artiles, Javier
name: Verdejo, Felisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many Artificial Intelligence tasks cannot be evaluated with a single quality criterion and some sort of weighted combination is needed to provide system rankings. A problem of weighted combination measures is that slight changes in the relative weights may produce substantial changes in the system rankings. This paper introduces the Unanimous Improvement Ratio (UIR), a measure that complements standard metric combination criteria (such as van Rijsbergen's F-measure) and indicates how robust the measured differences are to changes in the relative weights of the individual metrics. UIR is meant to elucidate whether a perceived difference between two systems is an artifact of how individual metrics are weighted. Besides discussing the theoretical foundations of UIR, this paper presents empirical results that confirm the validity and usefulness of the metric for the Text Clustering problem, where there is a tradeoff between precision and recall based metrics and results are particularly sensitive to the weighting scheme used to combine them. Remarkably, our experiments show that UIR can be used as a predictor of how well differences between systems measured on a given test bed will also hold in a different test bed.
Reversal mode instability and magnetoresistance in perpendicular (Co/Pd)/Cu/(Co/Ni) pseudo-spin-valves
Creators: name: Davies, J. E.
name: Gilbert, D. A.
name: Mohseni, S. M.
name: Dumas, R. K.
name: Åkerman, J.
name: Liu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed distinct temperature-dependent magnetization reversal modes in a perpendicular (Co/Pd)4/Co/Cu/(Co/Ni)4/Co pseudo-spin-valve, which are correlated with spin-transport properties. At 300 K, magnetization reversal occurs by vertically correlated domains. Below 200 K the hysteresis loop becomes bifurcated due to laterally correlated reversal of the individual stacks. The magnetic configuration change also leads to higher spin disorders and a significant increase in the giant magnetoresistance effect. First order reversal curve measurements reveal that the coupled state can be re-established through field cycling, and allow direct determination of the interlayer coupling strength as a function of temperature.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Determination of the top quark mass circa 2013: methods, subtleties, perspectives
Creators: name: Juste, Aurelio
name: Mantry, Sonny
name: Mitov, Alexander
name: Penin, Alexander
name: Skands, Peter
name: Varnes, Erich
name: Vos, Marcel
name: Wimpenny, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an up-to-date overview of the problem of top quark mass determination. We assess the need for precision in the top mass extraction in the LHC era together with the main theoretical and experimental issues arising in precision top mass determination. We collect and document existing results on top mass determination at hadron colliders and map the prospects for future precision top mass determination at e+e- colliders. We present a collection of estimates for the ultimate precision of various methods for top quark mass extraction at the LHC.
description: 26 pages. Snowmass White Paper
Press Release S3E Open Call #1 Reverse for solvers
Creators: name: S3E Consortium
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: innovation ecosystems
open call
brokerage program
deep tech
acceleration
startups

description: The consortium of S3E – Southern European Entrepreneurship Engine has officially launched the S3E Reverse for Solvers Open Call #1 targeting scaling start-ups and SMEs with deep tech solutions. Through S3E REVERSE, the project creates an Innovation and Technology Brokerage Program aiming at connecting corporates and public organisations (Challenge Organisations) with scale-ups, start-ups and SMEs (Solvers) that can address the identified challenges through their products, services, and solutions, based on deep tech and aligned to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
 The Solvers - SMEs and more mature start-ups - are invited to join the program, submitting their solutions, ideas and products that solve one or more of the 15 identified challenges. The Open Call for Solvers is available from 14 March (12.00 pm CET) until 15 May (17.00 pm CET).
Computing Approximate Nash Equilibria and Robust Best-Responses Using Sampling
Creators: name: Ponsen, Marc
name: de Jong, Steven
name: Lanctot, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article discusses two contributions to decision-making in complex partially observable stochastic games. First, we apply two state-of-the-art search techniques that use Monte-Carlo sampling to the task of approximating a Nash-Equilibrium (NE) in such games, namely Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and Monte-Carlo Counterfactual Regret Minimization (MCCFR). MCTS has been proven to approximate a NE in perfect-information games. We show that the algorithm quickly finds a reasonably strong strategy (but not a NE) in a complex imperfect information game, i.e. Poker. MCCFR on the other hand has theoretical NE convergence guarantees in such a game. We apply MCCFR for the first time in Poker. Based on our experiments, we may conclude that MCTS is a valid approach if one wants to learn reasonably strong strategies fast, whereas MCCFR is the better choice if the quality of the strategy is most important. Our second contribution relates to the observation that a NE is not a best response against players that are not playing a NE. We present Monte-Carlo Restricted Nash Response (MCRNR), a sample-based algorithm for the computation of restricted Nash strategies. These are robust best-response strategies that (1) exploit non-NE opponents more than playing a NE and (2) are not (overly) exploitable by other strategies. We combine the advantages of two state-of-the-art algorithms, i.e. MCCFR and Restricted Nash Response (RNR). MCRNR samples only relevant parts of the game tree. We show that MCRNR learns quicker than standard RNR in smaller games. Also we show in Poker that MCRNR learns robust best-response strategies fast, and that these strategies exploit opponents more than playing a NE does.
Constraining the location of rapid gamma-ray flares in the FSRQ 3C 273
Creators: name: Rani, B.
name: Lott, B.
name: Krichbaum, T. P.
name: Fuhrmann, L.
name: Zensus, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a γ-ray photon flux and spectral variability study of the flat-spectrum radio quasar 3C 273 over a rapid flaring activity period between September 2009 to April 2010. Five major flares are observed in the source during this period. The most rapid flare observed in the source has a flux doubling time of 1.1 hr. The rapid γ-ray flares allow us to constrain the location and size of the γ-ray emission region in the source. The γγ-opacity constrains the Doppler factor, $δ_γ \geq$ 10 for the highest energy (15 GeV) photon observed by the {\it Fermi}-Large Area Telescope (LAT). Causality arguments constrain the size of the emission region to 1.6$\times 10^{15}$ cm. The γ-ray spectra measured over this period show clear deviations from a simple power law with a break in 1-2 GeV energy range. We discuss possible explanations for the origin of the γ-ray spectral breaks. Our study suggests that the γ-ray emission region in 3C 273 is located within the broad line region ($
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Extended habitability of exoplanets due to subglacial water
Creators: name: Wandel, Amri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Considering subglacial liquid water, a significant extension of the classical Habitable Zone is obtained. Elaborating on the model of Wandel (2023) it is shown how an atmosphere and liquid water could survive on tidally locked planets closely orbiting an M-dwarf host, extending the Habitable Zone boundary inwards. In addition, subglacial liquid water could extend the Habitable Zone beyond the outer boundary of the conservative Habitable Zone as well. These two results enhance the circumstellar region with a potential for liquid water well beyond the conservative boundaries of the classical Habitable Zone. It is argued that the probable recent JWST detection of atmospheric water vapor on the rocky Earth-sized exoplanet GJ 486 b, along with earlier detections of water on other planets orbiting M-dwarf stars gives an empirical answer to the much-argued question, of whether such planets can support liquid water, organic chemistry and eventually life. It is shown how water on terrestrial planets closely orbiting M-dwarf stars may sustain in a subglacial melting layer. Finally, the model is applied to a few exoplanets demonstrating how water detection may constrain their atmospheric properties.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal
CrossTalk: Intelligent Substrates for Language-Oriented Interaction in Video-Based Communication and Collaboration
Creators: name: Xia, Haijun
name: Wang, Tony
name: Gunturu, Aditya
name: Jiang, Peiling
name: Duan, William
name: Yao, Xiaoshuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the advances and ubiquity of digital communication media such as videoconferencing and virtual reality, they remain oblivious to the rich intentions expressed by users. Beyond transmitting audio, videos, and messages, we envision digital communication media as proactive facilitators that can provide unobtrusive assistance to enhance communication and collaboration. Informed by the results of a formative study, we propose three key design concepts to explore the systematic integration of intelligence into communication and collaboration, including the panel substrate, language-based intent recognition, and lightweight interaction techniques. We developed CrossTalk, a videoconferencing system that instantiates these concepts, which was found to enable a more fluid and flexible communication and collaboration experience.
title: Memoria de Investigación 2019-2020
title: Research Report 2019-2020
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: CSIC-JA-USE-Centro Nacional De Aceleradores (CNA)
Publisher: name: CSIC-JA-USE - Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (CNA)
Year: 2020
Subjects: Memoria anual
Annual reports

description: El CNA surge del acuerdo entre la Universidad de Sevilla, la Junta de Andaluc´ıa y el Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas (CSIC). Una Junta Rectora del Centro, formada por representantes de las tres instituciones, marca las l´ıneas generales del gobierno del Centro que ejecuta su Director...
Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal Bragg grating integrated inside a solid core photonic crystal fiber
Creators: name: Zito, Gianluigi
name: Pissadakis, Stavros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A polymer/liquid crystal-based fiber Bragg grating (PLC-FBG) is fabricated with visible two-beam holography by photo-induced modulation of a pre-polymer/LC solution infiltrated into the hollow channels of a solid core photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The fabrication process and effects related to the photonic bandgap guidance into the infiltrated PCF, and characterization of the PLC-FBG are discussed. Experimental data here presented, demonstrate that the liquid crystal inclusions of the PLC-FBG lead to high thermal and bending sensitivities. The microscopic behavior of the polymer/liquid crystal phase separation inside the PCF capillaries is examined using scanning electron microscopy, while further discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Temperature-Dependent Collective Excitations in a Three-Dimensional Dirac System ZrTe$_{5}$
Creators: name: Lin, Zijian
name: Wang, Cuixiang
name: Chen, Daqiang
name: Meng, Sheng
name: Shi, Youguo
name: Guo, Jiandong
name: Zhu, Xuetao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zirconium pentatelluride (ZrTe$_{5}$), a system with a Dirac linear band across the Fermi level and anomalous transport features, has attracted considerable research interest for it is predicted to be located at the boundary between strong and weak topological insulators separated by a topological semimetal phase. However, the experimental verification of the topological phase transition and the topological ground state in ZrTe$_{5}$ is full of controversies, mostly due to the difficulty of precisely capturing the small gap evolution with single-particle band structure measurements. Alternatively, the collective excitations of electric charges, known as plasmons, in Dirac systems exhibiting unique behavior, can well reflect the topological nature of the band structure. Here, using reflective high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy (HREELS), we investigate the temperature-dependent collective excitations of ZrTe$_{5}$, and discover that the plasmon energy in ZrTe$_{5}$ is proportional to the $1/3$ power of the carrier density $n$, which is a unique feature of plasmons in three-dimensional Dirac systems. Based on this conclusion, the origin of the resistivity anomaly of ZrTe$_{5}$ can be attributed to the temperature-dependent chemical potential shift in extrinsic Dirac semimetals.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
title: An Exploration of Contact Child Sexual Exploitation Victim-Perpetrator Interpersonal Dynamics: Providing Indicators of Exploitative Language for Law Enforcement and Safeguarding Agencies
Creators: name: Mooney, Vicky
Publisher: name: University of Central Lancashire
Year: 2024

description: Until recently, empirical evidence exploring contact Child Sexual Exploitation (CSE) has been scarce, particularly where the convicted perpetrator seeks direct physical (offline) contact as opposed to solely targeting the victim online. This thesis aimed to investigate the relatively unexplored and typically hidden interpersonal dynamics that exist between contact CSE perpetrators and their victims, specifically the verbal and non-verbal communication patterns, when preparing for or during sexual activity, and the retrospective discursive constructions that follow. The thesis aimed to address prior research gaps and build on the existing knowledge by including recognised coding frameworks, analysis of non-verbal patterns of communication and genuine victims as opposed to decoys and explore the potential for victim agency. Data for the research consists of victim and perpetrator language (c. 16,000 words) extracted from 41 contact CSE police case files, involving 50 perpetrators (37 lone offenders and 4 groups) and 80 victims. These data were examined by computer aided psycholinguistic software (Language Inquiry Word Count [LIWC] v.2015) and a multi-modal discourse analysis (sequentially conducted to provide context to the LIWC language variables). The combined quantitative and qualitative analysis within this research suggests that there are distinct contact CSE psycholinguistic features and interpersonal verbal and non-verbal communication patterns that characterise victim-perpetrator dynamics in contact CSE. The thesis findings also revealed that as well as the existence of typical retrospective discursive constructs, perpetrators, and victims of contact CSE would differ in their justifications for their involvement in the CSE relationship whilst in the context of a criminal investigation. This unique research will have implications for safeguarding, law enforcement disruption, research, and practice, in relation to contact CSE, with the introduction of the Indicators of Typical Exploitation (InTEL). The proposed InTEL is intended to be evidence-based and inter-disciplinary, prioritising contact CSE victim-perpetrator language to support clinical, child protection or criminal justice decision making and processes, and for improving awareness and preventative education.
Proximity-Based Non-uniform Abstractions for Approximate Planning
Creators: name: Baum, Jiri
name: Nicholson, Ann E.
name: Dix, Trevor I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In a deterministic world, a planning agent can be certain of the consequences of its planned sequence of actions. Not so, however, in dynamic, stochastic domains where Markov decision processes are commonly used. Unfortunately these suffer from the curse of dimensionality: if the state space is a Cartesian product of many small sets (dimensions), planning is exponential in the number of those dimensions. Our new technique exploits the intuitive strategy of selectively ignoring various dimensions in different parts of the state space. The resulting non-uniformity has strong implications, since the approximation is no longer Markovian, requiring the use of a modified planner. We also use a spatial and temporal proximity measure, which responds to continued planning as well as movement of the agent through the state space, to dynamically adapt the abstraction as planning progresses. We present qualitative and quantitative results across a range of experimental domains showing that an agent exploiting this novel approximation method successfully finds solutions to the planning problem using much less than the full state space. We assess and analyse the features of domains which our method can exploit.
Designing Materials Acceleration Platforms for Heterogeneous CO2 Photo(thermal)catalysis
Creators: name: Wang, Andrew
name: Bozal-Ginesta, Carlota
name: Kumar, Sai Govind Hari
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
name: Ozin, Geoffrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) combine automation and artificial intelligence to accelerate the discovery of molecules and materials. They have potential to play a role in addressing complex societal problems such as climate change. Solar chemicals and fuels generation via heterogeneous CO2 photo(thermal)catalysis is a relatively unexplored process that holds potential for contributing towards an environmentally and economically sustainable future, and therefore a very promising application for MAP science and engineering. Here, we present a brief overview of how design and innovation in heterogeneous CO2 photo(thermal)catalysis, from materials discovery to engineering and scale-up, could benefit from MAPs. We discuss relevant design and performance descriptors and the level of automation of state-of-the-art experimental techniques, and we review examples of artificial intelligence in data analysis. Based on these precedents, we finally propose a MAP outline for autonomous and accelerated discoveries in the emerging field of solar chemicals and fuels sourced from CO2 photo(thermal)catalysis.
Chemical constituents of Coccoloba peltata Schott leaves and their cytotoxic activities
Creators: name: Hamed, Abdelaaty
name: Gaafary, Menna El
name: Yamaguchi, Lydia Fumiko
name: Stammler, Hans Georg
name: Salih, Layth M.
name: Ziegler, David
name: Syrovets, Tatiana
name: Kato, Massuo Jorge
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Chromatographic fractionation of CH2Cl2:MeOH (1:1) extract of Coccoloba peltata Schott cultivated in Egypt afforded four compounds, lupeol acetate (1), ent-13-epi-manoyl oxide (2), 5-methoxymethyl-7,8-dimethyltocol (3), and α-tocopherol quinone (4). The planar structures of the isolated compounds were concluded based on HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopy. X-ray crystallography of 2 is reported herein for the first time and its unambiguous absolute configuration was deduced from anomalous dispersion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known report on the isolation of compounds 1–4 from this species. Among the isolated compounds, only compound 4 showed a moderate level of cytotoxic activity against six cancer cell lines out of seven cell lines tested.
Just in Time to Flip Your Classroom
Creators: name: Lasry, Nathaniel
name: Dugdale, Michael
name: Charles, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With advocates like Sal Khan and Bill Gates, flipped classrooms are attracting an increasing amount of media and research attention. We had heard Khan's TED talk and were aware of the concept of inverted pedagogies in general. Yet, it really hit home when we accidentally flipped our classroom. Our objective was to better prepare our students for class. We set out to effectively move some of our course content outside of class and decided to tweak the Just-in-Time-Teaching approach (JiTT). To our surprise, this tweak - which we like to call the flip-JiTT - ended up completely flipping our classroom. What follows is narrative of our experience and a procedure that any teacher can use to extend JiTT to a flipped classroom.
description: Submitted to The Physics Teacher
Introducing Enriched Concrete Syntax Trees
Creators: name: Rakić, Gordana
name: Budimac, Zoran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In our earlier research an area of consistent and systematic application of software metrics was explored. Strong dependency of applicability of software metrics on input programming language was recognized as one of the main weaknesses in this field. Introducing enriched Concrete Syntax Tree (eCST) for internal and intermediate representation of the source code resulted with step forward over this weakness. In this paper we explain innovation made by introducing eCST and provide idea for broader applicability of eCST in some other fields of software engineering.
description: 14th International Multiconference on Information Society (IS), Collaboration, Software And Services In Information Society (CSS), October 10-14, 2011, Ljubljana
Dirac-Fermion-Assisted Interfacial Superconductivity in Epitaxial Topological Insulator/Iron Chalcogenide Heterostructures
Creators: name: Yi, Hemian
name: Hu, Lun-Hui
name: Zhao, Yi-Fan
name: Zhou, Ling-Jie
name: Yan, Zi-Jie
name: Zhang, Ruoxi
name: Yuan, Wei
name: Wang, Zihao
name: Wang, Ke
name: Hickey, Danielle Reifsnyder
name: Richardella, Anthony R.
name: Singleton, John
name: Winter, Laurel E.
name: Wu, Xianxin
name: Chan, Moses H. W.
name: Samarth, Nitin
name: Liu, Chao-Xing
name: Chang, Cui-Zu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last decade, the possibility of realizing topological superconductivity (TSC) has generated much excitement, mainly due to the potential use of its excitations (Majorana zero modes) in a fault-tolerant topological quantum computer 1,2. TSC can be created in electronic systems where the topological and superconducting orders coexist3, motivating the continued exploration of candidate material platforms to this end. Here, we use molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to synthesize heterostructures that host emergent interfacial superconductivity when a non-superconducting antiferromagnet (FeTe) is interfaced with a topological insulator (TI) (Bi, Sb)2Te3 wherein the chemical potential can be tuned through varying the Bi/Sb ratio. By performing in-vacuo angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and ex-situ electrical transport measurements, we find that the superconducting transition temperature and the upper critical magnetic field are suppressed when the chemical potential approaches the Dirac point. This observation implies a direct correlation between the interfacial superconductivity and Dirac electrons of the TI layer. We provide evidence to show that the observed interfacial superconductivity and its chemical potential dependence is the result of the competition between the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida-type ferromagnetic coupling mediated by Dirac surface states and antiferromagnetic exchange couplings that generate the bicollinear antiferromagnetic order in the FeTe layer. The Dirac-fermion-assisted interfacial superconductivity in (Bi,Sb)2Te3/FeTe heterostructures provides a new approach to probe TSC and Majorana physics in hybrid devices and potentially constitutes an alternative platform for topological quantum computation.
description: 32 pages and 4 figures. Accepted by Nature Communications
Movable categories
Creators: name: Gevorgyan, Pavel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P55, 54C56

description: The notion of movability for metrizable compacts was introduced by K.Borsuk. In this paper we define the notion of movable category and prove that the movability of a topological space $X$ coincides with the movability of a suitable category, which is generated by the topological space $X$ (i.e., the category $W^X$, defined by S.Mardesic).
description: 6 pages
Causality and Independence Enhancement for Biased Node Classification
Creators: name: Chen, Guoxin
name: Wang, Yongqing
name: Guo, Fangda
name: Guo, Qinglang
name: Shao, Jiangli
name: Shen, Huawei
name: Cheng, Xueqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most existing methods that address out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization for node classification on graphs primarily focus on a specific type of data biases, such as label selection bias or structural bias. However, anticipating the type of bias in advance is extremely challenging, and designing models solely for one specific type may not necessarily improve overall generalization performance. Moreover, limited research has focused on the impact of mixed biases, which are more prevalent and demanding in real-world scenarios. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Causality and Independence Enhancement (CIE) framework, applicable to various graph neural networks (GNNs). Our approach estimates causal and spurious features at the node representation level and mitigates the influence of spurious correlations through the backdoor adjustment. Meanwhile, independence constraint is introduced to improve the discriminability and stability of causal and spurious features in complex biased environments. Essentially, CIE eliminates different types of data biases from a unified perspective, without the need to design separate methods for each bias as before. To evaluate the performance under specific types of data biases, mixed biases, and low-resource scenarios, we conducted comprehensive experiments on five publicly available datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach CIE not only significantly enhances the performance of GNNs but outperforms state-of-the-art debiased node classification methods.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted by CIKM2023
Some questions of equivariant movability
Creators: name: Gevorgyan, Pavel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55P55, 54C56

description: In this paper the some questions of equivariant movability connected with substitution of acting group $G$ on closed subgroup $H$ and with transitions to spaces of $H$-orbits and $H$-fixed points spaces are investigated. In the special case the characterization of equivariant-movable $G$-spaces is given.
description: 11 pages
Location-Based Reasoning about Complex Multi-Agent Behavior
Creators: name: Sadilek, Adam
name: Kautz, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent research has shown that surprisingly rich models of human activity can be learned from GPS (positional) data. However, most effort to date has concentrated on modeling single individuals or statistical properties of groups of people. Moreover, prior work focused solely on modeling actual successful executions (and not failed or attempted executions) of the activities of interest. We, in contrast, take on the task of understanding human interactions, attempted interactions, and intentions from noisy sensor data in a fully relational multi-agent setting. We use a real-world game of capture the flag to illustrate our approach in a well-defined domain that involves many distinct cooperative and competitive joint activities. We model the domain using Markov logic, a statistical-relational language, and learn a theory that jointly denoises the data and infers occurrences of high-level activities, such as a player capturing an enemy. Our unified model combines constraints imposed by the geometry of the game area, the motion model of the players, and by the rules and dynamics of the game in a probabilistically and logically sound fashion. We show that while it may be impossible to directly detect a multi-agent activity due to sensor noise or malfunction, the occurrence of the activity can still be inferred by considering both its impact on the future behaviors of the people involved as well as the events that could have preceded it. Further, we show that given a model of successfully performed multi-agent activities, along with a set of examples of failed attempts at the same activities, our system automatically learns an augmented model that is capable of recognizing success and failure, as well as goals of peoples actions with high accuracy. We compare our approach with other alternatives and show that our unified model, which takes into account not only relationships among individual players, but also relationships among activities over the entire length of a game, although more computationally costly, is significantly more accurate. Finally, we demonstrate that explicitly modeling unsuccessful attempts boosts performance on other important recognition tasks.
Phytochemical and phylogenetic perspective of medicinal plants used for cancer treatment in Egypt
Creators: name: El-Berawey, Dalia Youssef
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: With a global increase in mortality, particularly in low-income countries, cancer remains one of the most devastating diseases. Medicinal plants rich in phytochemicals have shown promise as chemoprotective and anticancer agents. As a result, in this study, we compiled a list of medicinal plant species that have been used to treat cancer in the last decade. The results of our review show that 170 plant species from 53 plant families have been used to treat various types of cancer. Plant species are categorised based on their taxonomic position and level of cytotoxicity (very strong, strong, cytotoxic, moderate, and weak). The phylogenetic relationships between these plant species were also reconstructed. The most frequently mentioned plant families were Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Brassicaceae and Polygonaceae. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, alkaloids, betalains, saponins and polyphenols are found in highly therapeutic plants. The species Solanum, Khaya, Eichhornia, Coccoloba, Annona, Withania, Salicornia, Beta, Persicaria, Persea, Hyphaene and Kalanchoe showed high potency against a range of cancer cells.
САМАРҚАНД ВИЛОЯТИ ҲУДУДЛАРИДА УЧРАЙДИГАН ЧИГИРТКАЛАР УЛАРГА ҚАРШИ КУРАШ УСУЛ ВА ВОСИТАЛАРИ
Creators: name: Пўлатов, Отамурод
name: Пўлатов, Шермуҳаммад
name: Содиқов, Элёр
name: Ма'руфжонов, Мухаммадқодир
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ушбу мақолада Самарқанд вилоятида тарқалган гала ҳосил қилувчи ва якка-якка ҳолда яшайдиган зарарли чигирткаларнинг тарқалиши, ривожланиш хусусиятлари ҳамда уларга қарши курашда қўлланиладиган воситаларнинг самарадорлиги бўйича баён этилган.
title: «So habe ich den Text verstanden» - das Verstehen literarischer Texte anleiten und beurteilen
Creators: name: Nänni, Stephan
Publisher: name: Publikationsserver der Pädagogischen Hochschule Thurgau
Year: 2014
Subjects: Literarisches Lesen
Literarische Kompetenzen

description: Das Lesen von literarischen Texten kann als ein Dialog zwischen der lesenden Person und dem Text verstanden werden. Mithilfe von Aufforderungen zum kreativen Umgang mit dem Text werden Schülerinnen und Schüler zu einem solchen Dialog angeleitet und angeregt, diesen auf individuelle Weise zu entfalten. Wird diese gedankliche Auseinandersetzung dokumentiert, werden vielfältige literarische Kompetenzen sichtbar. Zudem wird eine gute Grundlage für eine Anschlusskommunikation geschaffen.
description: leseforum.ch: Leseforum Schweiz. Literalität in Forschung und Praxis, no. 3
Anisotropy studies with the Pierre Auger Observatory
Creators: name: Neto, J. R. T. de Mello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report recent results from the Pierre Auger Observatory about the study of the anisotropy in the arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We present the results of the search for a dipolar anisotropy at the EeV energy scale. Measurements of the phase and the amplitude of the first harmonic modulation in the right-ascension distribution are discussed. For cosmic rays with energies above 55 EeV, we present an update of the search for correlations between their arrival directions and the positions of active galactic nuclei from the Veron-Cetty and Veron catalog. We also discuss the results of correlation analyses applied to other populations of extragalactic objects. Finally we present the search for anisotropies in the data without the usage of astronomical catalogues.
description: Prepared for 23rd European Cosmic Ray Symposium (and 32nd Russian Cosmic Ray Conference) 2012, Moscow, Russia
Dynamics on the PSL(2,C)-character variety of a compression body
Creators: name: Lee, Michelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let M be a nontrivial compression body without toroidal boundary components. We study the dynamics of the group of outer automorphisms of the fundamental group of M on the PSL(2,C)-character variety of M.
description: 31 pages, 5 figures
sgGWR
Creators: name: Nishi, Hayato
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 490507
subject: Spatial statistics
classificationCode: 490511
subject: Time series and spatial modelling

description: This contains source codes for the experiments on sgGWR (stochastic gradient GWR) and mocked data.The article will be published in the International Journal of Geographical Information Science.
Field Robot for High-throughput and High-resolution 3D Plant Phenotyping
Creators: name: Esser, Felix
name: Rosu, Radu Alexandru
name: Cornelißen, André
name: Klingbeil, Lasse
name: Kuhlmann, Heiner
name: Behnke, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the need to feed a growing world population, the efficiency of crop production is of paramount importance. To support breeding and field management, various characteristics of the plant phenotype need to be measured -- a time-consuming process when performed manually. We present a robotic platform equipped with multiple laser and camera sensors for high-throughput, high-resolution in-field plant scanning. We create digital twins of the plants through 3D reconstruction. This allows the estimation of phenotypic traits such as leaf area, leaf angle, and plant height. We validate our system on a real field, where we reconstruct accurate point clouds and meshes of sugar beet, soybean, and maize.
description: Accepted for IEEE Robotics and Automation Magazine
On the Rotation of the Magnetic Field Across the Heliopause
Creators: name: Opher, Merav
name: Drake, James F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There was an expectation that the magnetic field direction would rotate dramatically across the heliopause (HP). This rotation was used as one of the criteria to determine if Voyager 1 (V1) had crossed the HP. Recently the Voyager team concluded that V1 crossed into interstellar space last year (Gurnett et al. 2013). The question is then why there was no significant rotation in the direction of the magnetic field across the HP (Burlaga et al. 2013). Here we present simulations that reveal that strong rotations in the direction of the magnetic field at the HP at the location of V1 (and Voyager 2) are not expected. The solar magnetic field strongly affects the drapping of the interstellar magnetic field (BISM) around the HP. BISM twists as it approaches the HP and acquires a strong T component (east-west). The strong increase in the T component occurs where the interstellar flow stagnates in front of the HP. At this same location the N component BN is significantly reduced. Above and below the neighboring interstellar magnetic field lines also twist into the T direction. This behavior occurs for a wide range of orientations of BISM. Thus, the BN component at the V1 location and the associated angle delta=a sin(BN/B) are small (around 10-20 degrees), as seen in the observations (Burlaga et al. 2013). Only after some significant distance outside the HP, is the direction of the interstellar field distinguishably different from that of the Parker spiral.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Extended envelopes around Galactic Cepheids IV. T Monocerotis and X Sagittarii from mid-infrared interferometry with VLTI/MIDI
Creators: name: Gallenne, A.
name: Merand, A.
name: Kervella, P.
name: Chesneau, O.
name: Breitfelder, J.
name: Gieren, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We study the close environment of nearby Cepheids using high spatial resolution observations in the mid-infrared with the VLTI/MIDI instrument, a two-beam interferometric recombiner. Methods. We obtained spectra and visibilities for the classical Cepheids X Sgr and T Mon. We fitted the MIDI measurements, supplemented by B, V, J, H, K literature photometry, with the numerical transfer code DUSTY to determine the dust shell parameters. We used a typical dust composition for circumstellar environments. Results. We detect an extended dusty environment in the spectra and visibilities for both stars, although T Mon might suffer from thermal background contamination. We attribute this to the presence of a circumstellar envelope (CSE) surrounding the Cepheids. This is optically thin for X Sgr (tau(0.55microns) = 0.008), while it appears to be thicker for T Mon (tau(0.55micron) = 0.15). They are located at about 15-20 stellar radii. Following our previous work, we derived a likely period-excess relation in the VISIR PAH1 filter, f(8.6micron)[%]= 0.81(+/-0.04)P[day]. We argue that the impact of CSEs on the mid-IR period-luminosity (P-L) relation cannot be negligible because they can bias the Cepheid brightness by up to about 30 %. For the K-band P-L relation, the CSE contribution seems to be lower (< 5 %), but the sample needs to be enlarged to firmly conclude that the impact of the CSEs is negligible in this band.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics