cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How spin relaxes and dephases in bulk halide perovskites
Creators: name: Huynh, Uyen N.
name: Huang, Jinsong
name: Li, Kejun
name: Fadel, Mayada
name: Ping, Yuan
name: Xu, Junqing
name: Vardeny, Valy
name: Sundararaman, Ravishankar
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Spintronics in halide perovskites has drawn significant attention in recent years, due to their highly tunable spin-orbit fields and intriguing interplay with lattice symmetry. Here, we perform first-principles calculations to determine the spin relaxation time (T1) and ensemble spin dephasing time (T2) in a prototype halide perovskite, CsPbBr3. To accurately capture spin dephasing in external magnetic fields we determine the Landé g-factor from first principles and take it into account in our calculations. These allow us to predict intrinsic spin lifetimes as an upper bound for experiments, identify the dominant spin relaxation pathways, and evaluate the dependence on temperature, external fields, carrier density, and impurities. We find that the Fröhlich interaction that dominates carrier relaxation contributes negligibly to spin relaxation, consistent with the spin-conserving nature of this interaction. Our theoretical approach may lead to new strategies to optimize spin and carrier transport properties.
Tunable Fermi-Edge Resonance in an Open Quantum Dot
Creators: name: Abanin, D. A.
name: Levitov, L. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant tunneling in an open mesoscopic quantum dot is proposed as a vehicle to realize a tunable Fermi-edge resonance with variable coupling strength. We solve the x-ray edge problem for a generic nonseparable scatterer and apply it to describe tunneling in a quantum dot. The tunneling current power law exponent is linked to the S-matrix of the dot. The control of scattering by varying the dot shape and coupling to the leads allows to explore a wide range of exponents. Transport properties, such as weak localization, mesoscopic conductance fluctuations, and sensitivity to Wigner-Dyson ensemble type, have their replicas in the Fermi-edge singularity.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Metastable dark energy models in light of Planck 2018: Alleviating the $H_0$ tension
Creators: name: Yang, Weiqiang
name: Di Valentino, Eleonora
name: Pan, Supriya
name: Basilakos, Spyros
name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the recently introduced metastable dark energy (DE) models after the final Planck 2018 legacy release. The essence of the present work is to analyze their evolution at the level of perturbations. Our analyses show that both the metastable dark energy models considered in this article, are excellent candidates to alleviate the $H_0$ tension. In particular, for the present models, Planck 2018 alone can alleviate the $H_0$ tension within 68\% CL. Along with the final cosmic microwave background data from the Planck 2018 legacy release, we also include external cosmological datasets in order to asses the robustness of our findings.
description: 19 pages, 4 Tables, 7 Figures; Version accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. D
An Ex Post Economic Impact Assessment of Bean/Cowpea Crsp’s Investment on Varietal Development in Senegal
Creators: name: Magen, Benjamin B.
name: Magen, Benjamin B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Economic Impact Assessment
subject: Cowpea
subject: Africa

description: The Bean/Cowpea CRSP has been funding the Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA) since 1982 with the goal of developing improved varieties of cowpea. Cowpea is well suited to Senegalese production zones, and is a relatively inexpensive protein source. It can be eaten as both green pods, which are produced early in the growing season, or as dried seeds when harvested after full maturity. Yields of dry seeds are very low in Senegal, with an average yield around 340 kg/ha. ISRA has been working to develop improved higher-yielding varieties with resistance to drought, pests, and diseases. With this goal in mind, three improved varieties have been produced and extended among Senegalese farmers. A survey was commissioned in order to measure adoption rates for and yield improvements from the three varieties in the main cowpea producing regions of Diourbel, Thiès, and Louga. The sample adoption rate for CRSP varieties was 41.8%, with Louga having significantly higher adoption rates than the other regions. An economic assessment using regional adoption rates and yield improvements resulted in an IRR of 17.9% and an NPV of $78.6M. The benefit stream for the program largely comes from Louga, where the combination of high adoption rates, large yield improvements for improved varieties, and intensive production created benefit streams significant enough to offset costs early in the program life.
Rigidity of the extremal Kerr-Newman horizon
Creators: name: Colling, Alex
name: Katona, David
name: Lucietti, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 83C57 (primary) 83C05 (secondary)

description: We prove that the intrinsic geometry of compact cross-sections of an extremal horizon in four-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory must admit a Killing vector field or is static. This implies that any such horizon must be an extremal Kerr-Newman horizon and completes the classification of the associated near-horizon geometries. The same results hold with a cosmological constant.
description: 7 pages, v2: published version, references added, no change in results
Direction and symmetry transition of the vector order parameter in topological superconductors Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$
Creators: name: Kawai, T.
name: Wang, C. G.
name: Kandori, Y.
name: Honoki, Y.
name: Matano, K.
name: Kambe, T.
name: Zheng, Guo-qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological superconductors have attracted wide-spreading interests for the bright application perspectives to quantum computing. Cu$_{0.3}$Bi$_2$Se$_3$ is a rare bulk topological superconductor with an odd-parity wave function, but the details of the vector order parameter $\textbf{d}$ and its pinning mechanism are still unclear. We have succeeded in growing Cu$_x$Bi$_2$Se$_3$ single crystals with unprecedented high doping levels. For samples with $x$ = 0.28, 0.36 and 0.37 with similar carrier density as evidenced by Knight shift, the in-plane upper critical field $H_{\rm c2}$ shows a two-fold symmetry. However, the angle at which the $H_{\rm c2}$ becomes minimal is different by 90$^\circ$ among them, which indicates that the $\textbf{d}$-vector direction is different for each crystal likely due to a different local environment. The carrier density for $x$ = 0.46 and 0.54 increases substantially compared to $x\leq$ 0.37. Surprisingly, the in-plane $H_{\rm c2}$ anisotropy disappears, indicating that the gap symmetry undergoes a transition from nematic to isotropic (possibly chiral) as carrier increases.
description: Nat. Commun. (in press)
Identifying the relation between food groups and biological ageing: a data-driven approach
Creators: name: Liu, Simin
name: Behrouzi, Pariya
name: Stewart, James
name: Biemans, Ynte
name: Horvath, Steve
name: Whitsel, Eric A
name: de Groot, Lisette
name: Kramer, Charlotte S
name: Manson, JoAnn E
name: Yang, Bo
name: Bach, Daimy
name: Grootswagers, Pol
name: Shadyab, Aladdin H
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description: BACKGROUND: Heterogeneity in ageing rates drives the need for research into lifestyle secrets of successful agers. Biological age, predicted by epigenetic clocks, has been shown to be a more reliable measure of ageing than chronological age. Dietary habits are known to affect the ageing process. However, much remains to be learnt about specific dietary habits that may directly affect the biological process of ageing.
OBJECTIVE: To identify food groups that are directly related to biological ageing, using Copula Graphical Models.
METHODS: We performed a preregistered analysis of 3,990 postmenopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative, based in North America. Biological age acceleration was calculated by the epigenetic clock PhenoAge using whole-blood DNA methylation. Copula Graphical Modelling, a powerful data-driven exploratory tool, was used to examine relations between food groups and biological ageing whilst adjusting for an extensive amount of confounders. Two food group-age acceleration networks were established: one based on the MyPyramid food grouping system and another based on item-level food group data.
RESULTS: Intake of eggs, organ meat, sausages, cheese, legumes, starchy vegetables, added sugar and lunch meat was associated with biological age acceleration, whereas intake of peaches/nectarines/plums, poultry, nuts, discretionary oil and solid fat was associated with decelerated ageing.
CONCLUSION: We identified several associations between specific food groups and biological ageing. These findings pave the way for subsequent studies to ascertain causality and magnitude of these relationships, thereby improving the understanding of biological mechanisms underlying the interplay between food groups and biological ageing.
Additional file 1 of Time trend of global uterine cancer burden: an age-period-cohort analysis from 1990 to 2019 and predictions in a 25-year period
Creators: name: Yang, Liu
name: Yuan, Yue
name: Zhu, Rongyan
name: Zhang, Xuehong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional File 1 Figure S1 Counts and age-standardized rates of uterine cancer incidence and death at the global level, 1990 to 2019. Figure S2 Age patterns of incidence and deaths of uterine cancer by SDI in 2019. Figure S3 Age-standardized rates of uterine cancer globally and for 21 regions by SDI, 1990 to 2019. Table S1 Age-standardized death rate and its change trends of uterine cancer, 1990 to 2019. Table S2 The incidence information of uterine cancer in 1990 and 2019 among all countries/territories. Table S3 The death information of uterine cancer in 1990 and 2019 among all countries/territories.
Reconstructing Quaternary vegetation history in the Carpathian Basin, SE-Europe, using n-alkane biomarkers as molecular fossils
Creators: name: Zech, Michael
name: Buggle, Björn
name: Leiber, Katharina
name: Marković, Slobodan
name: Glaser, Bruno
name: Hambach, Ulrich
name: Huwe, Bernd
name: Stevens, Thomas
name: Sümegi, Pal
name: Wiesenberg, Guido
name: Zöller, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2010

description: Seit einigen Jahren gibt es zunehmend Studien, die, basierend auf der Untersuchung von fossilen Holzkohlen und Schneckenschalen aus Löss-Paläoboden Sequenzen, die traditionelle Vorstellung von weitestgehend baumlosen Steppen im Karpaten-Becken während der letzten Kaltzeit in Frage stellen. Mit unseren Arbeiten versuchen wir anhand von Biomarkern einen Beitrag zu dieser Diskussion zu leisten und herauszufinden, welches Potenzial in der Untersuchung von Alkan Biomarkern für die Rekonstruktion der Vegetationsgeschichte während der letzten glazialen Zyklen steckt. Kürzlich veröffentlichte erste Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass der Degradationsgrad der pflanzenbürtigen organischen Substanz einen starken Einfluss auf das Alkanmuster in Böden hat und dass der in der Literatur häufig verwendete Alkanquotient nC31/nC27 kein reiner Vegetations-Proxy ist, sondern auch maßgeblich die unterschiedliche Degradation widerspiegelt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit führen wir daher erstmals einen End Member Modellierungsansatz ein, bei dem der Degradationsgrad der organischen Bodensubstanz mit berücksichtig wird. Das Modell wird auf die Loess-Paläoboden Sequenz Crvenka auf dem Bačka Loess Plateau (Serbien) zwischen Donau und Theiss angewendet. Die so für den letzten Interglazial-Glazial-Zyklus rekonstruierte Vegetationsgeschichte bestätigt die Holzkohle- und Mollusken-Befunde und deutet auf Gras-Steppen während des letzten Interglazials und -stadials hin (Marine Isotopenstadien (MIS) 5 bzw. 3). Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich, dass Steppen während des gesamten letzten glazialen Zyklus vorgeherrscht haben. Für das letzte Interglazial und das Interstadial der Marinen Isotopen Stufe (MIS) 3 deuten die Biomarker Befunde auf reine Grassteppen hin. Dagegen prägten in den Glazialen vermutlich auch vereinzelte Bäume das Landschaftsbild einer ‚Taiga-Steppe’. Die so rekonstruierte Vegetationsgeschichte steht im Einklang mit den Holzkohle- und Schneckenfunden, wie auch mit Ergebnissen von Klima- und Biom-Modellierungen.
description: research
On the long-time behaviour of McKean-Vlasov paths
Creators: name: Bashiri, Kaveh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well-known that, in a certain parameter regime, the so-called McKean-Vlasov evolution $ (μ_t)_{t\in [0,\infty)} $ admits exactly three stationary states. In this paper we study the long-time behaviour of the flow $ (μ_t)_{t\in [0,\infty)} $ in this regime. The main result is that, for any initial measure $ μ_0 $, the flow $ (μ_t)_{t\in [0,\infty)} $ converges to a stationary state as $ t\rightarrow \infty $. Moreover, we show that if the energy of the initial measure is below some critical threshold, then the limiting stationary state can be identified. Finally, we also show some topological properties of the basins of attraction of the McKean-Vlasov evolution. The proofs are based on the representation of $ (μ_t)_{t\in [0,\infty)} $ as a Wasserstein gradient flow. Some results of this paper are not entirely new. The main contribution here is to show that the Wasserstein framework provides short and elegant proofs for these results. However, up to the author's best knowledge, the statement on the topological properties of the basins of attraction is a new result.
Improving the Built Environment in Granville and Vance Counties to Enhance Access to Physical Activity to Reduce Obesity-Related Chronic Health Conditions
Creators: name: Christina Carter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2025

description:
Physical activity significant contributes to chronic disease risk and health outcomes. In many rural communities, structual aspects of the neighborhood and built environment create barriers limiting active living opportunities. The 2021 Granville Vance County Health Assessment (CHA) identifies several key barriers to physical activity, including unsafe sidewalks, inadequate lighting on walkways, and a lack of designated bike lanes, commonly called active transportation. These factors affect accessibility for residents for all ages and abilities, including pedestrains, cyclists, drivers, and public transit users. The culmination of evidence-based research and CHA data conducted by the Granville Vance Public Health Department supports a strong connection between physical activity and chronic underfunding in public infrastructure that promotes active transportation. Multiple methodologies were employed to explore this connection, including social determinants of health (SDOH) analysis, the development of a rich picture, and a contextual anaylsis. Principles of engagment, leadership, quality, and systems thinking were utilized to generate recommendations and insights for addressing community challenges. This proposal recommends advocating "Complete Street" policies, forming a priority partnership with the North Carolina Department of Transporatation (NCDOT), establishing a leadership steering committe, and implementing a continous quality improvement plan to sustain and expand the initiative. 
The Impact of the Melamine Scandal and other Factors Influencing China's Dairy Imports
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaojin
name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
name: Wang, Xiaojin
name: Saghaian, Sayed H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: milk powder
subject: imports
subject: Almost Ideal Demand System
subject: elasticities.

description: A single equation demand and a sourced differentiated Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) model are employed to investigate factors influencing the dairy import demand in China and competition among different exporters from 2002 to 2012. Results from both models are compared and own-price, cross-price, income elasticities are calculated.
Do model emission line galaxies live in filaments at z~1?
Creators: name: Gonzalez-Perez, V.
name: Cui, W.
name: Contreras, S.
name: Baugh, C. M.
name: Comparat, J.
name: Griffin, A. J.
name: Helly, J.
name: Knebe, A.
name: Lacey, C.
name: Norberg, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current and future cosmological surveys are targeting star-forming galaxies at $z\sim 1$ with nebular emission lines. We use a state-of-the-art semi-analytical model of galaxy formation and evolution to explore the large scale environment of star-forming emission line galaxies (ELGs). Model ELGs are selected such that they can be compared directly with the DEEP2, VVDS, eBOSS-SGC and DESI surveys. The large scale environment of the ELGs is classified using velocity-shear-tensor and tidal-tensor algorithms. Half of the model ELGs live in filaments and about a third in sheets. Model ELGs which reside in knots have the largest satellite fractions. We find that the shape of the mean halo occupation distribution of model ELGs varies widely for different large scale environments. To interpret our results, we also study fixed number density samples of ELGs and galaxies selected using simpler criteria, with single cuts in stellar mass, star formation rate and [OII] luminosity. The fixed number density ELG selection produces samples that are close to L[OII] and SFR selected samples for densities above $10^{-4.2}h^{3}{\rm Mpc}^{-3}$. ELGs with an extra cut in stellar mass applied to fix their number density, present differences in sheets and knots with respect to the other samples. ELGs, SFR and L[OII] selected samples with equal number density have similar large scale bias but their clustering below separations of $1h^{-1}$Mpc is different.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, MNRAS in press, a small fraction of the presented data can be found here: https://github.com/viogp/plots4papers/tree/master/elg_cw_plots
Berdazimer gel for molluscum contagiosum in patients with atopic dermatitis
Creators: name: Cartwright, Martina
name: Kowalewski, Elaine Kearney
name: Wells, Nick
name: Paller, Amy S.
name: Maeda‐Chubachi, Tomoko
name: Stripling, Stephen
name: Silverberg, Nanette
name: Enloe, Carolyn
name: Green, Lawrence J.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: OBJECTIVE: Controlling molluscum contagiosum (MC) infections is critical in atopic dermatitis (AD) management. This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of berdazimer gel, 10.3% (topical, antiviral, nitric oxide-releasing medication) versus vehicle in MC patients with or without AD.
METHODS: Three Phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group trials (B-SIMPLE[berdazimer sodium in molluscum patients with lesions]1, -2, -4) enrolled patients 6 months and older with 3-70 mollusca. Berdazimer or vehicle was applied once daily to all MC lesions for 12 weeks. Data from three Phase 3 studies were integrated for subgroup efficacy and safety assessments using several weighted meta-analysis approaches. Patients with concurrent AD or a history of AD/eczema were categorized as AD+ subgroup (AD- when absent). Primary efficacy endpoint: complete lesion clearance at Week 12. Safety endpoints included adverse events (AEs) through Week 24 and local skin reactions through Week 12.
RESULTS: Of 1598 enrolled patients, 209 (13.1%) were AD+. Baseline mean lesion counts were greater in AD+ (26.4) than AD- (19.3). Complete clearance rates were higher at Week 12 for berdazimer compared with vehicle in AD+ (n = 209; 35.0% vs. 27.4%; odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7-2.5) and AD- (n = 1389; 29.1% vs. 18.9%; OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.4-2.4) subgroups. AEs in AD+ were application-site pain (21.6% with berdazimer vs. 11.9% with vehicle), dermatitis (12.8% vs. 2.4%), and erythema (9.6% vs. 7.1%).
CONCLUSIONS: Berdazimer gel showed favorable efficacy regardless of AD status. Berdazimer-induced erythema may be indistinguishable from AD symptoms or with inflammatory response upon resolution of molluscum.
Neutrinos From Individual Gamma-Ray Bursts in the BATSE Catalog
Creators: name: Guetta, D.
name: Hooper, D.
name: Alvarez-Muniz, J.
name: Halzen, F.
name: Reuveni, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the neutrino emission from individual gamma-ray bursts observed by the BATSE detector on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. Neutrinos are produced by photoproduction of pions when protons interact with photons in the region where the kinetic energy of the relativistic fireball is dissipated allowing the acceleration of electrons and protons. We also consider models where neutrinos are predominantly produced on the radiation surrounding the newly formed black hole. From the observed redshift and photon flux of each individual burst, we compute the neutrino flux in a variety of models based on the assumption that equal kinetic energy is dissipated into electrons and protons. Where not measured, the redshift is estimated by other methods. Unlike previous calculations of the universal diffuse neutrino flux produced by all gamma-ray bursts, the individual fluxes (compiled at http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~dafne/grb/) can be directly compared with coincident observations by the AMANDA telescope at the South Pole. Because of its large statistics, our predictions are likely to be representative for future observations with larger neutrino telescopes.
description: 49 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Hepatic OATP1B zonal distribution: Implications for rifampicin‐mediated drug–drug interactions explored within a PBPK framework
Creators: name: Brouwer, Kim L. R.
name: Southall, Roz
name: Murphy, William A.
name: Neuhoff, Sibylle
name: Hartauer, Mattie
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: OATP1B facilitates the uptake of xenobiotics into hepatocytes and is a prominent target for drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Reduced systemic exposure of OATP1B substrates has been reported following multiple-dose rifampicin; one explanation for this observation is OATP1B induction. Non-uniform hepatic distribution of OATP1B may impact local rifampicin tissue concentrations and rifampicin-mediated protein induction, which may affect the accuracy of transporter- and/or metabolizing enzyme-mediated DDI predictions. We incorporated quantitative zonal OATP1B distribution data from immunofluorescence imaging into a PBPK modeling framework to explore rifampicin interactions with OATP1B and CYP substrates. PBPK models were developed for rifampicin, two OATP1B substrates, pravastatin and repaglinide (also metabolized by CYP2C8/CYP3A4), and the CYP3A probe, midazolam. Simulated hepatic uptake of pravastatin and repaglinide increased from the periportal to the pericentral region (approximately 2.1-fold), consistent with OATP1B distribution data. Simulated rifampicin unbound intracellular concentrations increased in the pericentral region (1.64-fold) compared to simulations with uniformly distributed OATP1B. The absolute average fold error of the rifampicin PBPK model for predicting substrate maximal concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) ratios was 1.41 and 1.54, respectively (nine studies). In conclusion, hepatic OATP1B distribution has a considerable impact on simulated zonal substrate uptake clearance values and simulated intracellular perpetrator concentrations, which regulate transporter and metabolic DDIs. Additionally, accounting for rifampicin-mediated OATP1B induction in parallel with inhibition improved model predictions. This study provides novel insight into the effect of hepatic OATP1B distribution on site-specific DDI predictions and the impact of accounting for zonal transporter distributions within PBPK models.
Relation of loess units and prehistoric find density in the Garzweiler open-cast mine, Lower Rhine
Creators: name: Kels, Holger
name: Schirmer, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Auf der Basis einer detaillierten Lössstratigraphie wurden auf dem Lössplateau des westlichen Niederrheins von einer Abbauwandgesamtfläche von 11.000qm die Anteile der wichtigsten Lösseinheiten berechnet. Darin nimmt der Brabant-Löss (spätes Jüngeres Hochwürm, MIS 2) 45% Anteil ein, also nahezu die Hälfte des vorhandenen Lösses, der Hesbaye-Löss (frühes Jüngeres Hochwürm, MIS2) etwa 5%. Ein Viertel des Lösses (25%) geht an den Keldach-Löss (Älteres Hochwürm, MIS4), nur wenig (1,5%) an den Rheingau-Löss (MIS 5). Dem Prä-Eem-Löss gehört das letzte Viertel (24%) desgesamten Lösses. Eine statistische Suche nach prähistorischen Funden erbrachte 131 paläolithische Knochen und Artefakte, die stratigraphisch genau zugeordnet werden konnten. Die Hauptmasse der Funde gehört den beiden Stadien MIS4 und MIS2 an – bemerkenswerterweise zwei kalten Perioden. Das Fehlen interglazialer Funde – solche sind vom übrigen Lössplateau durchaus bekannt – wird der starken periglazialen Abtragung und Einebnung in Plateauposition zugeschrieben. Die vorliegenden Funde belegen erstmals lokale Jagdaktivität während feuchter Perioden im Stadium MIS4. Ob die Funde aus dem MIS2 autochthon sind oder aus älteren Schichten aufgearbeitet wurden, muss offen bleiben.
description: research
The Intersection of Structural Racism and Health Services Research in Characterizing the Epidemiology of Uterine Fibroids
Creators: name: Roberson, Mya L.
Publisher: name: American Medical Association (AMA)
Year: 2024

description: This study by Langton et al explores the association between maternal family history and the
development of uterine fibroids among a cohort of Black women who were fibroid-free at baseline.
By ascertaining maternal fibroid history through direct surveying of the mothers, Langton et al
provide a more robust assessment of family history of fibroids than has been captured previously
using variable methods. Despite this enhanced method, this investigation by Langton et al offers a
critical example of how structural racism intersects with health services delivery that affects the
fundamental epidemiologic understanding of a medical condition disproportionately experienced by
Black women.
Investigating lensing by absorbers in the 2dF-Quasar survey
Creators: name: Ménard, Brice
name: Péroux, Céline
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the first data release of the 2-degree Field Quasar survey to investigate the effect of gravitational magnification by foreground absorbing systems on background quasars. We select two populations of quasars from this sample: one with strong MgII/FeII absorbers and one without. The selection is done in such a way that the two populations have the same redshift distribution and the absorber detection procedure discards possible biases with quasar magnitude. We then compare their magnitude distributions and find a relative excess of bright quasars with absorbers. This effect is detected at the 2.4, 3.7 and 4.4 sigma levels in u-, b- and r-bands. Various explanations of the observed phenomenon are considered and several lines of evidence point towards gravitational lensing causing some of the differences observed in the magnitude distributions. We note that physical quasar-absorber associations may contribute to some extent to the observed correlations for low quasar-absorber velocity differences. We discuss the implications of these findings and propose future work which will allow us to strengthen and extend the results presented here.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Genesis and dating of Late Pleistocene-Holocene soil sediment sequences from the Lüneburg Heath, Northern Germany
Creators: name: Urban, Brigitte
name: Kunz, Alexander
name: Gehrt, Ernst
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Während in den Lössgebieten Mitteleuropas die Lössstratigraphie und die menschliche Besiedlung der Lössgebiete sowohl eiszeitlich wie auch im Holozän gut bekannt sind, liegen zu den Sandlössgebieten der Altmoränengebiete keine neueren Erkenntnisse zur zeitlichen Stellung der Sedimente oder zur Siedlungsgeschichte und zum Einfluss auf die Bodenentwicklung vor. In der Arbeit werden aus einem Sandlössgebiet in der Lüneburger Heide zwei Bodenprofile vorgestellt deren Gliederung einen Einblick in die Genese der vergangenen 10 000 Jahre erlaubt. Die Profile wurden sedimentologisch, pedologisch und palynologisch untersucht und charakterisiert. Die Datierung der Profile erfolgte mittels optisch stimulierter Lumineszenz (OSL) und Radiokarbondatierung. Die Ergebnisse legen einen menschlichen Einfluss auf die Böden ab dem späten Neolithikum nahe. Darunter sind Erosions- und Akkumulationsprozesse und insbesondere eine Anreicherung mit organischem Material zu fassen. Erstmals können mit dieser Studie Datierungen von Sedimenten und Böden des Altmoränengebietes präsentiert werden.
description: research
Football Fans, Lesbians Memes and Liminality: Exploring the Media’s Mobilisation of Ritual at the 2019 Women’s World Cup
Creators: name: Dove, Madeleine
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019
Subjects: anthropology
sport
football
soccer
media studies
media anthropology
media rituals

description: The 2019 FIFA Women’s World Cup was marketed as a transformative event for women’s sport and women’s empowerment more generally. Without the ability to attend the event itself in France, most people used traditional media and digital networks to watch and participate in the event. In a mediascape where digital networks allow anyone with a smartphone or internet access to challenge mainstream discourse, I ask how does traditional media mobilise liminal ritual events like the World Cup to reinforce their symbolic power, and how do people use digital networks to challenge it. This thesis uses two different ritual perspectives to understand the 2019 Women’s World Cup: as a liminal ritual event, that through media coverage also contributes to the mythical place of the media in society. I use encoding/decoding theory to understand negotiated co-authorship of the liminal ritual event by users of social media as both a challenge to dominant media discourse, that however also reinforces media power. The media pilgrimages of Australian fans to France exemplifies their investment in both the women’s empowerment and nationalism narratives that construct the liminal ritual event, but also demonstrates the inescapable nature of the media’s symbolic power.
Effects of a first-year undergraduate engineering design course: survey study of implications for student self-efficacy and professional skills, with focus on gender/sex and race/ethnicity
Creators: name: Gray, Megan
name: Mburi, Menna
name: Saterbak, Ann
name: Schmid, Lorrie
name: Sperling, Jessica
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: Background Students’ academic self-efficacy maximizes likelihood for success and retention, yet prior research suggests that historically underrepresented (minoritized) undergraduate students in higher education and in college-level engineering show lower self-efficacy, which has been linked to histories of systemic exclusion. To address such gaps in student success, this work examines the effect of a new first-year undergraduate engineering design course on students’ self-efficacy, as measured by students’ assessment of their ability to achieve engineering design goals, and their confidence in their professional skills such as teamwork, communication, and leadership. It draws upon two aligned survey studies that examine this development (a) among the students participating in the course during the academic semester and (b) among both course participants and non-participants in the year following the course. Survey results for all students were considered, with attention to specific demographic subgroups traditionally underrepresented in engineering. Results Analyses indicate effect of the course on self-efficacy and other examined constructs, such as communication and teamwork, during the course semester and continued effects in engineering design self-efficacy and tinkering self-efficacy in the year following course participation. Results also reveal differences for specific racial/ethnic and gender/sex subgroups in numerous constructs, including suggestion of specific effect for female students. Conclusions This study’s focus on the implication of engineering design education on self-efficacy and other critical professional outcomes, as well as its attention to specific demographic subgroups, adds to research on engineering education and the effect of design-focused coursework using project-based learning. The study indicates an increased potential role for such coursework, as early as the first year of a university trajectory, in fostering student growth and increased representation in the field. Findings on differences by gender/sex and by racial/ethnic groups, including clearer positive effect for female students but more complexity in effect for underrepresented racial/ethnic groups, support added research probing experience and outcomes within and across these groups.
Effects of electron-hole asymmetry on electronic structure of helical edge states in HgTe/HgCdTe quantum wells
Creators: name: Durnev, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of electron-hole asymmetry on the electronic structure of helical edge states in HgTe/HgCdTe quantum wells. In the framework of the four-band kp-model, which takes into account the absence of a spatial inversion centre, we obtain analytical expressions for the energy spectrum and wave functions of edge states, as well as the effective g-factor tensor and matrix elements of electro-dipole optical transitions between the spin branches of the edge electrons. We show that when two conditions are simultaneously satisfied -- electron-hole asymmetry and the absence of an inversion centre -- the spectrum of edge electrons deviates from the linear one, in that case we obtain corrections to the linear spectrum.
Photoionization Feedback in Low--Mass Galaxies at High Redshift
Creators: name: Dijkstra, Mark
name: Haiman, Zoltan
name: Rees, Martin J.
name: Weinberg, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmic ultraviolet (UV) ionizing background impacts the formation of dwarf galaxies in the low-redshift universe (z=3) by suppressing gas infall into galactic halos with circular velocities up to v(circ)=75 km/s. Using a one-dimensional, spherically symmetric hydrodynamics code (Thoul & Weinberg 1995), we examine the effect of an ionizing background on low-mass galaxies forming at high redshifts (z>10). We find that the importance of photoionization feedback is greatly reduced, because (1) at high redshift, dwarf-galaxy sized objects can self-shield against the ionizing background, (2) collisional cooling processes at high redshift are more efficient, (3) the amplitude of the ionizing background at high redshift is lower, and (4) the ionizing radiation turns on when the perturbation that will become the dwarf galaxy has already grown to a substantial overdensity. We find that because of these reasons, gas can collect inside halos with circular velocities as low as v(circ)=10 km/s. This result has important implications for the reionization history of the universe.
description: submitted to ApJ, 10 emulateapj pages with 4 figures included
Late Glacial and Holocene aeolian sands and soil formation from the Pomeranian outwash plain (Mecklenburg, NE-Germany)
Creators: name: Küster, Mathias
name: Preusser, Frank
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2010

description: Anhand von zwei Dünenprofilen wird die Art, Dauer und Intensität von spätglazialen und holozänen Flugsand- und Bodenbildungen innerhalb des Pommerschen Sandergebietes dargestellt. Hierfür wurde ein interdisziplinärer Ansatz aus Sedimentologie, Pedologie, Palynologie und Geochronologie verwendet. Während des Spätglazials kommen auf den Sanderhochflächen flache Flugsanddecken zur Ablagerung, unterbrochen durch die Bildung des Finowbodens. Durch die Ausbreitung einer geschlossenen Vegetationsdecke im Frühholozän, erfolgt eine Stabilisierung der Reliefoberfläche mit anschließender Bodenbildung. Nach intensiven mittelalterlichen Rodungen werden die Oberflächen erneut destabilisiert. Es kommt zur partiellen Aufarbeitung der Flugsande resultierend in Dünenbildungen und einem kuppigen Relief. Eine der untersuchten Dünen wurde dabei komplett im späten Subatlantikum gebildet. Diese Studie unterstreicht die zeitlich-räumliche Variabilität äolischer Aktivität, wobei Umlagerungen entsprechender Korngrößen während verschiedener Phasen nach der Deglaziation ermöglicht wurden.
description: research
Tunable active rotational diffusion in swimming droplets
Creators: name: Izzet, Adrien
name: Moerman, Pepijn
name: Groenewold, Jan
name: Bibette, Jérôme
name: Brujić, Jasna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we characterize the motility of athermal swimming droplets within the framework of active rotational diffusion. Just like active colloids, their trajectories can be modeled with a constant velocity $V$ and a slow angular diffusion, but the random changes in direction are not thermally driven. Instead, $V$ is determined by the interfacial tension gradient along the droplet surface, while local micellar fluctuations lead to droplet reorientation with a persistence time $τ$. We show that the origin of locomotion is the difference in the critical micellar concentration $Δ$CMC in the front and the back of the droplet. Tuning this parameter by salt controls $V$ from $3-15$ diameters $d/s$. Surfactant concentration has little effect on speed, but leads to a dramatic decrease in $τ$ over four orders of magnitude. The corresponding range of the effective diffusion constant $D_e$ extends beyond the realm of synthetic or living swimmers, in which $V$ is limited by fuel consumption and $τ$ is set by temperature or biological activity, respectively. Our tunable swimmers are ideal candidates for the study of the departure from equilibrium to high levels of activity, on both the single particle level and their collective behavior, including the motility-induced phase separation (MIPS).
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Stemodia diplohyptoides Sosa & Dematteis 2014
Creators: name: Sosa, María De Las Mercedes
name: Dematteis, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Plantaginaceae
Stemodia
Stemodia diplohyptoides

description: Key to S. diplohyptoides and related species from southern South America
 1. Corolla 12-16 mm long. Floral bracts mostly up to 2 times as long as the subtended flowers. Leaf blades lanceolate..................... ………………. ……………….……………………….........................................................................................……. S. lanceolata
- Corolla 5-10 mm long. Floral bracts shorter than the subtended flowers. Leaf blades obovate to oblanceolate..............................2
 2. Herbs annual, 10-50 cm; leaves broad obovate, base clasping and somewhat flanged, leaf margin less serrate (≤ 20 teeth on each of side)………………………............................................................................................................................ ….……….. S. stricta
- Herbs perennial 50-200 cm; leaves narrow obovate to oblanceolate, base slightly auriculate; leaf margin more serrate (≥ 20 teeth on each of side)…………............................................................................................................................……………………….. 3
 3. Leaves 23–65 x 8–35 mm, narrowly obovate, barely pubescent. Corolla 8–10 mm long, ovules 98–133 µm long........................... …………………………………………..…...................................................................................... …………..… S. diplohyptoides
 - Leaves 40–90 x 10–45 mm, oblanceolate, notably hirsute pubescent. Corolla 7.5 mm long, ovules 107–151 µm long.................... ……………………………….………………............................................................................................... …………. S. hyptoides
description: Published as part of Sosa, María De Las Mercedes & Dematteis, Massimiliano, 2014, Stemodia diplohyptoides (Plantaginaceae, Gratiolae): a new diploid species from South America, pp. 271-278 in Phytotaxa 186 (5) on page 276, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.186.5.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5153773
Bulk fields with general brane kinetic terms
Creators: name: del Aguila, F.
name: Perez-Victoria, M.
name: Santiago, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the effect of general brane kinetic terms for bulk scalars, fermions and gauge bosons in theories with extra dimensions, with and without supersymmetry. We find in particular a singular behaviour when these terms contain derivatives orthogonal to the brane. This is brought about by $δ(0)$ divergences arising at second and higher order in perturbation theory. We argue that this behaviour can be smoothed down by classical renormalization.
description: 31 pages, v2 few typos corrected
Aeolian sedimentation in the Rhine and Main area from the Late Glacial until the Mid-Holocene
Creators: name: Tolksdorf, Johann Friedrich
name: Kaiser, Knut
name: Terberger, Thomas
name: Klasen, Nicole
name: Schneider, Birgit
name: Masberg, Peter
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 2011

description: Äolische Sedimente (sandiger Löss, Flugsand) wurden durch pedologische und geochronologische Methoden (OSL) mit dem Ziel untersucht, hieraus Aussagen zur stratigraphischen Abfolge und zum Ablagerungsalter zu gewinnen und diese Ergebnisse auf die Ergebnisse der archäologischen Ausgrabung zu beziehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Ablagerung des Lösses im Spätglazial auf einer älteren Lage von Windkantern erfolgte und dieser am Ende des Pleistozäns von äolischem Sand überdeckt wurde. Untersuchungen der fundführenden Schichten ergaben eine mittelholozäne Datierung (6.9 ka), die mit einer lokalen Störung durch äolische Sedimentumlagerungen in Folge anthropogener Landschaftsveränderungen während des Neolithikums erklärt werden. Diese Untersuchungsergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund vergleichbarer äolischer Stratigraphien und Fundplätz im Rhein-Main-Gebiet diskutiert.
description: research
Iron K-alpha Fluorescent Line Profiles from Spiral Accretion Flows in AGNs
Creators: name: Fukumura, Keigo
name: Tsuruta, Sachiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 6.4 keV iron K-alpha fluorescent line profiles predicted for a relativistic black hole accretion disk in the presence of a spiral motion in Kerr geometry, the work extended from an earlier literature motivated by recent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The velocity field of the spiral motion, superposed on the background Keplerian flow, results in a complicated redshift distribution in the accretion disk. An X-ray source attributed to a localized flaring region on the black hole symmetry axis illuminates the iron in the disk. The emissivity form becomes very steep because of the light bending effect from the primary X-ray source to the disk. The predicted line profile is calculated for various spiral waves, and we found, regardless of the source height, that: (i) a multiple-peak along with a classical double-peak structure generally appears, (ii) such a multiple-peak can be categorized into two types, sharp sub-peaks and periodic spiky peaks, (iii) a tightly-packed spiral wave tends to produce more spiky multiple peaks, whereas (iv) a spiral wave with a larger amplitude seems to generate more sharp sub-peaks, (v) the effect seems to be less significant when the spiral wave is centrally concentrated, (vi) the line shape may show a drastic change (forming a double-peak, triple-peak or multiple-peak feature) as the spiral wave rotates with the disk. Our results emphasize that around a rapidly-rotating black hole an extremely redshifted iron line profile with a noticeable spike-like feature can be realized in the presence of the spiral wave. Future X-ray observations, from {\it Astro-E2} for example, will have sufficient spectral resolution for testing our spiral wave model which exhibits unique spike-like features.
description: 30 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ, will be presented at 204th Meeting of AAS in Denver
Tunable Topological Phases in Quantum Kirigamis
Creators: name: Singh, Rahul
name: Agarwala, Adhip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advances in engineering mesoscopic quantum devices have led to new material platforms where electronic transport can be achieved on foldable structures. In this respect, we study quantum phases and their transitions on a Kirigami structure, a Japanese craft form, where its individual building blocks are topologically non-trivial. In particular, we find that by mechanically deforming the Kirigami structure one can engineer topological phase transitions in the system. Using a multipronged approach, we show that the physics of the system can be captured within a transfer matrix formalism akin to Chalker-Coddington networks, where the junctions describe scattering between effective non-Hermitian one-dimensional edge channels. We further show that the nature of the Kirigami structure can affect the critical folding angles where the topological phase transitions occur. Our study shows the rich interplay between topological quantum phenomena and structural configuration of an underlying Kirigami network reflecting its potential as an intriguing platform.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures