Endecous (Pedroecous) didymus Castro-Souza & Zefa & Ferreira 2020, n. sp.
Creators: name: Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio
name: Zefa, Edison
name: Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Haglotettigoniidae
Endecous
Endecous didymus

description: Endecous (Pedroecous) didymus n. sp.   
(Figures 2–7, 8–15, 16–19, 20–25, 26–33, 34, 35, 37–40, 75–77, 81–83, 87, 89–95, 96, 98, 100, 107, Tables 1–4)  
 Material Examined: Holotype, ♂, ISLA 43330, Brazil, Minas Gerais State, Luislândia municipality, Lapa Sem Fim cave (16° 08’ 55”W, 44° 37’ 40”S), 18.iv.2017, L. M. Rabelo, leg. Holotype condition: head, left legs I, II, III, and right tegmen were detached, and maintained in holotype’s tube. Paratypes, 2 ♂♂, 17.iv.2014, (ISLA 12341; 12343), R. L. Ferreira, Leg.; 2 ♂♂, 15.iv.2016, (ISLAs 15696; 15697) R. L. Ferreira, Leg.; 10 ♂♂, 18.iv.2017, (ISLA 43329; 43331; 43332; 43333; 43336; 43337; 43338; 43339; 43340; 43341) L. M. Rabelo, leg.; 1 ♀, 17.iv.2014, (ISLA 12342) R. L. Ferreira, leg.; 2 ♀♀, 18.iv.2017, (ISLA 43334; 43335), R. L. Ferreira, Leg., all specimens col- lected in the same locality of holotype.   
 Distribution: Lapa Sem Fim cave (Fig. 107), municipality of Luislândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil (Fig. 1A, B).   
 Etimology: Specific epithet “ didymus ” from the Greek, refers to “twin”, due to the morphological similarity between this species and Endecous (Pedroecous) troglobius n. sp., also described in this study.   
 Diagnosis. Combination of the following characteristics: phallic complex short and narrow in general view (Figs 75–77, 81–83); pseudepiphallic membranous shield short (Fig. 3, Ps.ms); pseudepiphallus dorsal branch long, hook-shaped, curved inward and rounded at apex (Figs 2, 6–7, Ps.db); pseudepiphallic arm field small (Figs 81–83, blue slice); ectophallic arc well developed, U-shaped in ventral and previously inclined in dorsal view (Fig. 4, Ect. Arc); endophallus developed (Figs 5–7, End.Sc.a, yellow arrow indicates the apodeme); compound eyes with black ommatidia (Figs 8–9); courtship song dominant frequence (DF), 3.3–3.6 kHz (max-min), n = 4 (Tab. 3).   
 Description, male holotype. Body color: dorsal head, pronotum and right tegmen yellowish-orange brownish (Figs 8–12), whitish ventrally, abdomen yellowish brown (Figs 12–13), entire legs brownish, except femora base whitish (Figs 16–19), cerci uniformly brownish. Head: slightly pubescent, elongated in frontal view (3.9 mm length and 2.9 mm width), vertex slightly marked with four stripes reaching occiput, with the central stripe having a slight double branching; gena, clypeus, frons and labrum whitish, mandibles brown whitish, dark brown and sclerotized at border and apex; the first two maxillary palpomeres whitish, with the same size, both together are smaller than the third, which in turn is the same size as the fourth; fifth palpomere slightly longer than fourth, claviform, slightly arched, and darker at the tip; first, second and third labial palpomeres of increasing size, the third is pubscent, claviform and slightly darker at the tip; scape, pedicel and antennomeres uniformly brownish and pubescent, the region between the antennae has well developed bristles; compound eyes with black ommatidia, with a depigmented field where scape fits; ocelli absent (Figs 8–9 and 87). Thorax. Pronotum slightly pubescent, dorsal disc wider than longer, marked with a longitudinal median stripe, and long bristles on anterior and posterior margin; lateral lobes rounded, without bristles (Figs 10, 12). Leg I: femur and tibia same size; tibia with an oval auditory tympanum at inner side, and one pair of subigual ventroapical spurs; first tarsomere serrulated, larger than the second and third tarsomeres (Figs 18–19). Leg II: tibia armed with a pair of inner and outer apical spurs, dorsal smaller (Figs 18, 19, λ, μ). Leg III: femur dilated, whitish at the base; tibia serrulated, as longer as femur, and armed with three inner (Fig. 17, α, β and γ) and four outer subapical spurs (Fig. 16, w, x, y and z) the distal is smaller (Fig. 16, z), and four api- cal spurs at inner (Fig. 17, d, e, f and g) and three at outer side (Fig. 16 a, b, c); first tarsomere is serruleted distally and larger than the third and second in size, respectively, with one pair of apical spurs, the inner longer (Figs 16–17, δ, θ). Right tegmen covering the first four abdominal tergites (Fig. 12); mirror: rounded with three crossvein and four cells, the second distal cell present one crossvein bifurcate, forming two small cell couple, first distal cell with one slightly marked diagonal vein; harp: with five well marked crossveins, and six cells, the first distal cell has a diagonal anal vein; lateral field: marked by reticular accessory veins, some are forked; basal field: with veins 1A, 2A and 3A well-marked, with four secondary veins connected to CU 2, the first is forked; 2A and 3A vein bifurcated (Figs 11, 20); stridulatory file with 68 teeth. Abdomen: cerci long (14.9 mm ± 1.7 mm) and pubescent, mainly in the base; supranal plate short, rounded at apex, with lateral projections small, brown with white spots (Figs 13, 15); subgenital plate short, whitish and rounded, base lightly squared (Figs 13–14).
description: Published as part of Castro-Souza, Rodrigo Antônio, Zefa, Edison & Ferreira, Rodrigo Lopes, 2020, New troglobitic and troglophilic syntopic species of Endecous (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Phalangopsidae) from a Brazilian cave: a case of sympatric speciation?, pp. 271-304 in Zootaxa 4810 (2) on page 278, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4810.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/3938219