cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
What limits the number of observations that can be effectively assimilated by EnKF?
Creators: name: Hotta, Daisuke
name: Ota, Yoichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The ability of ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) algorithms to extract information from observations is analyzed with the aid of the concept of the degrees of freedom for signal (DFS). A simple mathematical argument shows that DFS for EnKF is bounded from above by the ensemble size, which entails that assimilating much more observations than the ensemble size automatically leads to DFS underestimation. Since DFS is a trace of the posterior error covariance mapped onto the normalized observation space, underestimated DFS implies overconfidence (underdispersion) in the analysis spread, which, in a cycled context, requires covariance inflation to be applied. The theory is then extended to cases where covariance localization schemes (either B-localization or R-localization) are applied to show how they alleviate the DFS underestimation issue. These findings from mathematical argument are demonstrated with a simple one-dimensional covariance model. Finally, the DFS concept is used to form speculative arguments about how to interpret several puzzling features of LETKF previously reported in the literature such as why using less observations can lead to better performance, when optimal localization scales tend to occur, and why covariance inflation methods based on relaxation to prior information approach are particularly successful when observations are inhomogeneously distributed. A presumably first application of DFS diagnostics to a quasi-operational global EnKF system is presented in Appendix.
description: 52 pages, 10 figures; submitted to the Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
Additional file 1 of Preliminary review on the prevalence, proportion, geographical distribution, and characteristics of naturally acquired Plasmodium cynomolgi infection in mosquitoes, macaques, and humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Manas Kotepui
name: Masangkay, Frederick Ramirez
name: Kwuntida Uthaisar Kotepui
name: Milanez, Giovanni De Jesus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Quality of the included studies
Asymptotic silence-breaking singularities
Creators: name: Lim, Woei Chet
name: Uggla, Claes
name: Wainwright, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss three complementary aspects of scalar curvature singularities: asymptotic causal properties, asymptotic Ricci and Weyl curvature, and asymptotic spatial properties. We divide scalar curvature singularities into two classes: so-called asymptotically silent singularities and non-generic singularities that break asymptotic silence. The emphasis in this paper is on the latter class which have not been previously discussed. We illustrate the above aspects and concepts by describing the singularities of a number of representative explicit perfect fluid solutions.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
INVESTMENT IN PUBLICLY TRADED FIRMS AS A VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND A RISK DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGY
Creators: name: Detre, Joshua D.
name: Gray, Allan W.
name: Wilson, Christine A.
name: Detre, Joshua D.
name: Gray, Allan W.
name: Wilson, Christine A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Agribusiness
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This research investigates the potential of investments in publicly traded value adding firms in the meat industry as a strategy for livestock producers to diversify risk and capture value-added profits, while allowing the producer to maintain management authority and minimize costs. The research determines the optimal portfolio of investments in up to 66 publicly traded value-added companies. The results indicate tat a portfolio consisting of livestock production and publicly traded value-added companies provides better returns at a lower risk than either a 100 percent investment in livestock production or a combination of livestock production and the S&P 500.
A systematic approach to reduced GLT
Creators: name: Barbarino, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper concerns the spectral analysis of matrix-sequences that are generated by the discretization and numerical approximation of partial differential equations (PDEs), in case the domain is a generic Peano-Jordan measurable set. It is observed that such matrix-sequences often present a spectral symbol, that is a measurable function describing the asymptotic behaviour of the eigenvalues. When the domain is a hypercube, the analysis can be conducted using the theory of generalized locally Toeplitz (GLT) sequences, but in case of generic domain, a new kind of matrix-sequences and theory has to be formalized. We thus introduce the Reduced GLT sequences and symbols, developing in full detail its theory, and presenting some application to finite differences and finite elements discretization for convection-diffusion-reaction differential equations.
description: Bit Numer Math (2021)
A Bayesian multiscale CNN framework to predict local stress fields in structures with microscale features
Creators: name: Krokos, Vasilis
name: Xuan, Viet Bui
name: Bordas, Stéphane P. A.
name: Young, Philippe
name: Kerfriden, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiscale computational modelling is challenging due to the high computational cost of direct numerical simulation by finite elements. To address this issue, concurrent multiscale methods use the solution of cheaper macroscale surrogates as boundary conditions to microscale sliding windows. The microscale problems remain a numerically challenging operation both in terms of implementation and cost. In this work we propose to replace the local microscale solution by an Encoder-Decoder Convolutional Neural Network that will generate fine-scale stress corrections to coarse predictions around unresolved microscale features, without prior parametrisation of local microscale problems. We deploy a Bayesian approach providing credible intervals to evaluate the uncertainty of the predictions, which is then used to investigate the merits of a selective learning framework. We will demonstrate the capability of the approach to predict equivalent stress fields in porous structures using linearised and finite strain elasticity theories.
description: 50 pages, 42 figures; corrected typos; clarifications
Müller, Gerhard, Zeller, Winfried: Glaube - Geist - Geschichte
Creators: name: Kg.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 17 Nr. 3 (1968): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 17, Heft 3
Oscillator quantization of the massive scalar particle dynamics on AdS spacetime
Creators: name: Dorn, Harald
name: Jorjadze, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The set of trajectories for massive spinless particles on $AdS_{N+1}$ spacetime is described by the dynamical integrals related to the isometry group SO(2,N). The space of dynamical integrals is mapped one to one to the phase space of the $N$-dimensional oscillator. Quantizing the system canonically, the classical expressions for the symmetry generators are deformed in a consistent way to preserve the $so(2,N)$ commutation relations. This quantization thus yields new explicit realizations of the spin zero positive energy UIR's of SO(2,N) for generic $N$. The representations as usual can be characterized by their minimal energy $α$ and are valid in the whole range of $α$ allowed by unitarity.
description: Latex, 14 pages, version to appear in PLB
N-dimensional electron in a spherical potential: the large-N limit
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Amit K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the energy levels predicted by a 1/N-expansion method for an N-dimensional Hydrogen atom in a spherical potential are always lower than the exact energy levels but monotonically converge towards their exact eigenstates for higher ordered corrections. The technique allows a systematic approach for quantum many body problems in a confined potential and explains the remarkable agreement of such approximate theories when compared to the exact numerical spectrum.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
EFFICIENCY ESTIMATION USING THE SIMULATED MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD APPROACH: THE CASE OF POLISH COOPERATIVE BANKS
Creators: name: Khitarishvili, Tamar
name: Khitarishvili, Tamar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: The paper lays out a framework for studying firm efficiency using the Method of Simulated Likelihood. I develop the model using the assumption of gamma distributed inefficiency terms and apply it to the case of Polish cooperative banks. I derive preliminary results for the estimates of average and individual inefficiencies. Finally, I discuss the practical difficulties connected with this estimation method and suggest avenues for future research.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 10/22/02.
Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Volume 4: Agricultural Marketing Costs and Charges
Creators: name: Harp, Harry H.
name: Harp, Harry H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Food costs
subject: food marketing
subject: marketing costs
subject: food prices
subject: farm value
subject: farm-to-retail price spread

description: This volume describes how the market basket, marketing bill, and food marketing cost index are constructed and used to analyze changes in food prices and expenditures. It identifies sources of current and historical data on food marketing costs and charges.
description: This set of 12 volumes on the Major Statistical Series of the US, Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Handbook No. 671) is the second revision that supersedes the original volumes published during 1957-60. The first revision was completed in 1972.
THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF RURAL IMMIGRANT POPULATION GROWTH, 1950-1990
Creators: name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Wohlgemuth, Darin
name: Huang, Tzu-Ling
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Wohlgemuth, Darin
name: Huang, Tzu-Ling
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: This study tests whether evidence supports the hypothesis that rural immigrant populations are more sensitive to relative returns to human capital and living costs will be more elastic than those of native-born citizens. An empirically tractable model of incentive to migrate is developed following work of Huang et al (2001). The model is tested using Census data from 1950-1990 for a sample of rural counties from 18 Midwest and South central states. Preliminary results show that residential decisions of the rural foreign-born population are more sensitive to relative returns to human capital and relative costs of living than are native-born populations. Consequently, rural areas can attract immigrants if they offer earnings opportunities relative to housing costs that are superior to urban markets. Fears that immigrants will form a pocket of rural unemployed appear to be unfounded--immigrants will leave if rural job opportunities are not present.
Active Galactic Nuclei in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: I. Sample Selection
Creators: name: Hao, Lei
name: Strauss, Michael A.
name: Tremonti, Christy A.
name: Schlegel, David J.
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Blanton, Michael R.
name: Fan, Xiaohui
name: Gunn, James E.
name: Hall, Patrick B.
name: Ivezić, Željko
name: Knapp, Gillian R.
name: Krolik, Julian H.
name: Lupton, Robert H.
name: Richards, Gordon T.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Strateva, Iskra V.
name: Zakamska, Nadia L.
name: Brinkmann, J.
name: Brunner, Robert J.
name: Szokoly, Gyula P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have compiled a large sample of low-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGN) identified via their emission line characteristics from the spectroscopic data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Since emission lines are often contaminated by stellar absorption lines, we developed an objective and efficient method of subtracting the stellar continuum from every galaxy spectrum before making emission line measurements. The distribution of the measured H$α$ Full Width at Half Maxima values of emission line galaxies is strongly bimodal, with two populations separated at about 1,200km s$^{-1}$. This feature provides a natural separation between narrow-line and broad-line AGN. The narrow-line AGN are identified using standard emission line ratio diagnostic diagrams. 1,317 broad-line and 3,074 narrow-line AGN are identified from about 100,000 galaxy spectra selected over 1151 square degrees. This sample is used in a companion paper to determine the emission-line luminosity function of AGN.
description: High-res version at http://isc.astro.cornell.edu/~haol/agn/paper1.pdf . 29 pages; To appear in AJ (April 2005). See astro-ph/0501042 for Paper II
Palatometry intervention in relation to body (structure and function), activity, and participation
Creators: name: Derry, Karen Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate outcomes of palatometry therapy for a twenty-two-year-old woman with a bilateral, severe-to-profound hearing loss, a severe speech sound production disorder, and oral musculature weakness. Outcomes addressed levels of functioning at the body, activity, and participation levels (World Health Organization, 1999). At the level of the body, improvement was noted between pre- and posttherapy narrow phonetic transcriptions of speech production, and for pre- and post-therapy palatograms. Specifically, post-therapy palatograms for therapy targets (/g/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, and /dʒ/) and generalization targets (/s/, /z/, and /k/) showed improved linguapalatal contact patterns compared with pre-therapy palatograms. To obtain a measure of intelligibility (an activity level measure), five listeners who were unfamiliar with disordered speech were asked to complete open- and closed-set word identification tasks and an open-set sentence identification task. Word identification improved for both the open-set and closed-set tasks. An average gain of 34% was noted for word identification in the closed-set task. Identification of target phonemes within the open-set word identification task was worse than within the closed-set word identification task. In addition, each listener orthographically transcribed six sentences. Level of participation (WHO, 1999) was assessed on the basis of responses from questionnaires administered to the speaker and on the basis of listeners' perceptions. Generally, responses from the participant indicated improved selfconfidence but the presence of some participation restrictions related to her hearing impairment. Listeners' perceptions suggested that the speaker would likely encounter more participation restrictions in situations that involved speech as the primary mode of communication compared to situations involving primarily non-oral modes of communication. Overall, the results suggested that palatometry therapy had a positive effect on reduction in speech impairment, on reducing activity limitations, and in improving the participant's self-confidence and self-awareness as a participant within society.
Hard gluon evolution in the last stage of the bottom-up thermalization
Creators: name: Ben, F. G.
name: Machado, M. V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of how fast thermalization in heavy ion collisions occurs has been one of the central topics in the heavy ion community. In the weak coupling picture this thermalization occurs from "the bottom up": high energy partons, formed early in the collision, radiate low energy gluons which then proceed to equilibrate among themselves, forming a thermal bath that brings the high energy sector to equilibrium. In this scheme we apply a model on parton energy loss to discuss the effects of medium expansion on the thermalization problem and estimate the average transverse momentum diffusivity for thermalization in a Bjorken expanding medium.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Current version includes updated references and a more detailed discussion on the underlying assumptions
THE ANDEAN PRICE BAND SYSTEM: EFFECTS ON PRICES, PROTECTION AND PRODUCER WELFARE
Creators: name: Villoria, Nelson
name: Lee, David R.
name: Villoria, Nelson
name: Lee, David R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Andean Community
subject: price band system
subject: agricultural prices
subject: price stabilization

description: The Andean Community's Price Band System (APBS), introduced in 1995, had the announced goal of reducing domestic price instability by buffering fluctuations in international prices through use of a variable import tariff. This paper evaluates the effects of the Andean Price Band System on domestic producer price variability, levels of nominal protection and changes in producer welfare. Application is made to four important food products - maize, rice, sugar and milk - in Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, from the period 1990 to 1998. The effects of the APBS on producer price variability are analyzed through 1) comparing coefficients of variation of detrended, monthly deseasonalized real prices before and after the harmonization of the APBS in 1995, and 2) variance decomposition of real domestic prices. For Colombia and Ecuador, the APBS is shown to have successfully reduced real price instability below levels of instability which existed prior to its introduction. Real exchange rate instability also decreased sharply in these two countries following introduction of the APBS. In Venezuela, real price instability is shown to have increased following introduction of the APBS, while real exchange rate instability was unchanged. The APBS' effects on producer price protection are examined through estimation of average nominal protection coefficients for the twelve country-commodity combinations identified above before and after the introduction of the APBS. Results show that in all three countries and four virtually all products, the APBS contributed to increased producer protection. Finally, this paper uses a variant of the Newbery-Stiglitz approach to calculate efficiency benefits due to risk reduction among producers and the transfer benefits created by redistributing income among producers, consumers and government. The results show that the risk reduction benefits created by the APBS are small. Similarly, the income transfer effects, though larger, are also low, and both contribute to generally low levels of estimated producer welfare effects. Overall, the paper concludes that the APBS has been of limited usefulness as a policy instrument designed to reduce producer price variability in an economically efficient manner.
Hitchin Functionals in N=2 Supergravity
Creators: name: Grana, Mariana
name: Louis, Jan
name: Waldram, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider type II string theory in space-time backgrounds which admit eight supercharges and can be characterized by the existence of an SU(3) x SU(3) structure. We show that the couplings of such backgrounds strongly resemble the couplings of four-dimensional N=2 supergravities and precisely coincide with the N=2 couplings after an appropriate Kaluza-Klein reduction. Specifically we show that the moduli space of metrics admits a special Kahler geometry with Kahler potentials given by the Hitchin functionals. Furthermore we explicitly compute the N=2 version of the superpotential from the transformation law of the gravitinos, and find its N=1 counterpart.
description: 62 pages, improved version, to appear in JHEP
The Lagrangian origin of MHV rules
Creators: name: Mansfield, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a canonical transformation that takes the usual Yang-Mills action into one whose Feynman diagram expansion generates the MHV rules. The off-shell continuation appears as a natural consequence of using light-front quantisation surfaces. The construction extends to include massless fermions.
THz electrodynamics of BaFe$_{1.91}$Ni$_{0.09}$As$_{2}$ film analyzed in the framework of multiband Eliashberg theory
Creators: name: Ummarino, G. A.
name: Muratov, A. V.
name: Kadyrov, L. S.
name: Gorshunov, B. P.
name: Richter, S.
name: Thomas, A. Anna
name: Hühne, R.
name: Aleshchenko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature dependences of the plasma frequency, superfluid density and London penetration depth were determined from terahertz spectra of conductivity and dielectric permittivity of BaFe$_{1.91}$Ni$_{0.09}$As$_{2}$ film with critical temperature $T_c=19.6$~K. Part of experimental data were analyzed within a simple three-band Eliashberg model where the mechanism of superconducting coupling is mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, whose characteristic energy $Ω_{0}$ scales with $T_{c}$ according to the empirical law $Ω_{0} = 4.65k_{B}T_{c}$, and with a total electron-boson coupling strength $λ_{tot} = 2.17$.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Complete disentanglement by partial pure dephasing
Creators: name: Roszak, Katarzyna
name: Machnikowski, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of pure dephasing on the entanglement of a pair of two-level subsystems (qubits). We show that partial dephasing induced by a super-Ohmic reservoir, corresponding to well-established properties of confined charge states and phonons in semiconductors, may lead to complete disentanglement. We show also that the disentanglement effect increases with growing distance between the two subsystems.
description: Final, considerably extended version, 6 pages, 4 figures
Period-colour and amplitude-colour relations in classical Cepheid variables IV: The multi-phase relations
Creators: name: Ngeow, Chow-Choong
name: Kanbur, Shashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The superb phase resolution and quality of the OGLE data on LMC and SMC Cepheids, together with existing data on Galactic Cepheids, are combined to study the period-colour (PC) and amplitude-colour (AC) relations as a function of pulsation phase. Our results confirm earlier work that the LMC PC relation (at mean light) is more consistent with two lines of differing slopes, separated at a period of 10 days. However, our multi-phase PC relations reveal much new structure which can potentially increase our understanding of Cepheid variables. These multi-phase PC relations provide insight into why the Galactic PC relation is linear but the LMC PC relation is non-linear. This is because the LMC PC relation is shallower for short (log P < 1) and steeper for long (log P > 1) period Cepheids than the corresponding Galactic PC relation. Both of the short and long period Cepheids in all three galaxies exhibit the steepest and shallowest slopes at phases around 0.75-0.85, respectively. A consequence is that the PC relation at phase ~0.8 is highly non-linear. Further, the Galactic and LMC Cepheids with log P > 1 display a flat slope in the PC plane at phases close to the maximum light. When the LMC period-luminosity (PL) relation is studied as a function of phase, we confirm that it changes with the PC relation. The LMC PL relation in V- and I-band near the phase of 0.8 provides compelling evidence that this relation is also consistent with two lines of differing slopes joined at a period close to 10 days.
description: 12 pages, 1 table and 13 figures, MNRAS accepted
The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO): A White Paper
Creators: name: Abarr, Q.
name: Allison, P.
name: Yebra, J. Ammerman
name: Alvarez-Muñiz, J.
name: Beatty, J. J.
name: Besson, D. Z.
name: Chen, P.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Clem, J. M.
name: Connolly, A.
name: Cremonesi, L.
name: Deaconu, C.
name: Flaherty, J.
name: Frikken, D.
name: Gorham, P. W.
name: Hast, C.
name: Hornhuber, C.
name: Huang, J. J.
name: Hughes, K.
name: Hynous, A.
name: Ku, Y.
name: Kuo, C. -Y.
name: Liu, T. C.
name: Martin, Z.
name: Miki, C.
name: Nam, J.
name: Nichol, R. J.
name: Nishimura, K.
name: Novikov, A.
name: Nozdrina, A.
name: Oberla, E.
name: Prohira, S.
name: Prechelt, R.
name: Rauch, B. F.
name: Roberts, J. M.
name: Romero-Wolf, A.
name: Russell, J. W.
name: Seckel, D.
name: Shiao, J.
name: Smith, D.
name: Southall, D.
name: Varner, G. S.
name: Vieregg, A. G.
name: Wang, S. -H.
name: Wang, Y. -H.
name: Wissel, S. A.
name: Xie, C.
name: Young, R.
name: Zas, E.
name: Zeolla, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Payload for Ultrahigh Energy Observations (PUEO) long-duration balloon experiment is designed to have world-leading sensitivity to ultrahigh-energy neutrinos at energies above 1 EeV. Probing this energy region is essential for understanding the extreme-energy universe at all distance scales. PUEO leverages experience from and supersedes the successful Antarctic Impulsive Transient Antenna (ANITA) program, with an improved design that drastically improves sensitivity by more than an order of magnitude at energies below 30 EeV. PUEO will either make the first significant detection of or set the best limits on ultrahigh-energy neutrino fluxes.
description: 40 pages, 17 figures. Version accepted to JINST
A PARTIAL-ADJUSTMENT, MIXED LINEAR MODEL OF PRICE DISCOVERY IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MARKET FOR FED CATTLE
Creators: name: Carlberg, Jared G.
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Carlberg, Jared G.
name: Ward, Clement E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: The Fed Cattle Market Simulator (FCMS) was developed by a team of researchers at Oklahoma State University to aid in understanding the forces that influence price discovery in the fed cattle market. Participants in the FCMS play the role of feedlot marketing managers and packing plant procurement agents, and trade paper pens of cattle in the experimental market. Previous research with the FCMS has not attempted to capture the dynamic nature of the price discovery process; this paper uses a partial-adjustment approach to accomplish that goal. A mixed linear model is used to accommodate both fixed and random effects in the data. Results show that the transaction price adjusts only sixteen percent on a week-by-week basis to its desired level. As such, the price discovery process in the experimental market is said to be characterized by slow adjustment, due in part to biological lags in the beef supply chain. This result will be useful in enhancing understanding of the real fed cattle market.
THE EFFECT OF RURAL ZONING ON THE ALLOCATION OF LAND USE IN OHIO
Creators: name: Hsieh, Wen-Hua
name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Libby, Lawrence W.
name: Hsieh, Wen-Hua
name: Irwin, Elena G.
name: Libby, Lawrence W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: By incorporating the spatially arrangement of counties relative to each other, this paper uses a land use share model to investigate the possibility that the allocation of land use in one county could be influenced by not only the degree to which the county is zoned, but also the degree to which neighboring counties are zoned due to spillovers of zoning effects among neighboring counties. The estimation uses data on land use for 88 counties in Ohio.
A NONPARAMETRIC HYPOTHESIS TEST VIA THE BOOTSTRAP RESAMPLING
Creators: name: Temel, Tugrul T.
name: Temel, Tugrul T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Hypothesis test
subject: the bootstrap
subject: nonparametric regression
subject: omitted variables

description: This paper adapts an already existing nonparametric hypothesis test to the bootstrap framework. The test utilizes the nonparametric kernel regression method to estimate a measure of distance between the models stated under the null hypothesis. The bootstraped version of the test allows to approximate errors involved in the asymptotic hypothesis test.
Low-frequency constraints on the spectra of the lobes of the microquasar GRS 1758-258
Creators: name: Hardcastle, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present low-frequency observations of the lobes of the microquasar GRS 1758-258, which, together with earlier radio observations, provide the best constraints yet on the lobe spectra, and show that they are consistent with the electron energy indices expected from standard shock acceleration models. There is no statistically significant evidence for synchrotron ageing along the length of the lobes, which is consistent with expectation if the magnetic field strength is close to the minimum-energy value. If the environment of the lobes has typical ISM properties, the lobes will dissipate on timescales of thousands of years or less, long before synchrotron ageing can become significant.
description: 5 pages, accepted by A&A
Projection Hypothesis from the von Neumann-type Interaction with a Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Konishi, Eiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the projection hypothesis in projective quantum measurement by restricting the set of observables. This projection hypothesis accompanies a bipartite system with the von Neumann-type interaction, which consists of a quantum mechanical system, with a meter variable to be measured, and a quantum field theoretically macroscopic extended object, that is, a spatiotemporally inhomogeneous Bose-Einstein condensate in quantum field theory with the quantum coordinate, that is, the zero-energy Goldstone mode(s) of the spontaneously broken global spatial translational symmetry. The key steps in the derivation are the return of the symmetry translation of this quantum coordinate to the inverse translation of the c-number spatial coordinate in quantum field theory and the reduction of quantum fluctuations to classical fluctuations with respect to the Goldstone mode(s) due to a superselection rule.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, revtex, published version
INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE BETWEEN TAIWAN AND ASEAN-5 IN THE AGRO-FOOD SECTOR: PATTERNS AND DETERMINANTS
Creators: name: Chang, Ching-Cheng
name: Yang, Tuan-Chen Ou
name: Huang, Deng-Shing
name: Chang, Ching-Cheng
name: Yang, Tuan-Chen Ou
name: Huang, Deng-Shing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper attempts to identify the patterns and determinants of the levels of IIT between Taiwan and ASEAN-5 during the past three decades. Our empirical results confirm the belief that IIT between Taiwan and ASEAN-5 in the agro-food sector has been growing over time. Although industry-specific factors like market size and product differentiation have desirable impacts on IIT, taste overlaps do not. No deterministic conclusion can be drawn from the effect of trade liberalization as implied by removing trade barriers when shaping the future development of IIT. However, the indirect effect arising from income and consumer preferences' convergence may be the main determinant in promoting intra-industry agro-food trade among the Asian countries.
A Dimensional study of Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Hernandez, X.
name: Cervantes-Sodi, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a highly simplified model of the dynamical structure of a disk galaxy where only two parameters fully determine the solution, mass and angular momentum. We show through simple physical scalings that once the mass has been fixed, the angular momentum parameter $λ$ is expected to regulate such critical galactic disk properties as colour, thickness of the disk and disk to bulge ratio. It is hence expected to be the determinant physical ingredient resulting in a given Hubble type. A simple analytic estimate of $λ$ for an observed system is provided. An explicit comparison of the distribution of several galactic parameters against both Hubble type and $λ$ is performed using observed galaxies. Both such distributions exhibit highly similar characteristics for all galactic properties studied, suggesting $λ$ as a physically motivated classification parameter for disk galaxies.
description: 10 pages including 11 figures, Final version, MNRAS in press
TRANSITION AND AGRICULTURAL LABOUR
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Dries, Liesbeth
name: Macours, Karen
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Dries, Liesbeth
name: Macours, Karen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: The paper provides an explanation for the wide variation in agricultural labour adjustments during transition. In particular, we analyse how various factors including initial conditions, price liberalisation, subsidy cuts, and institutional reforms affecting ownership of assets and the governance and organisation of agricultural production have affected labour use in agriculture. We conclude that all these factors have affected agricultural employment, and that especially the institutional reforms are key to understanding the remarkable differences in agricultural labour adjustments among transition countries.
PRICE DISCRIMINATION IN THE CONTEXT OF VERTICAL DIFFERENTIATION: A MODELING APPROACH FOR WHEAT EXPORTS
Creators: name: Lavoie, Nathalie
name: Lavoie, Nathalie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper develops a conceptual and empirical model to examine price discrimination in Canadian bread wheat exports. The industrial organization and trade literature have primarily focused on consumer goods. However, the nature of intermediate goods is such that the current New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) approaches and trade models are not readily applicable. This study modifies the model of quality differentiation developed by Mussa and Rosen (1978) to the realities of bread wheat import demand. The outline of an empirical model designed to test and isolate the bases of price discrimination under quality differentiation is also presented.
Discovery and application of Frequency Ratio Method to the new multiperiodic gamma Dor star HD 218427
Creators: name: Rodriguez, E.
name: Amado, P. J.
name: Suarez, J. C.
name: Moya, A.
name: Dupret, M. A.
name: Poretti, E.
name: Grigahcene, A.
name: Costa, V.
name: Lopez-Gonzalez, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: gamma Dor-type oscillations have been discovered in the star HD218427 through simultaneous uvby photometric observations carried out in the year 2003. A few Hbeta-Crawford measurements were also collected for calibration purposes which place this star well-located inside the gamma Dor instability region. Deficiency in metal content, similar to other well-defined gamma Dor stars, is found in HD218427 and the possibility of a lambda Boo nature is discussed. Frequency analysis was carried out for different filters, the combined "vby" filter was also used and five frequencies were found as significant with periods ranging between 0.3 and 0.8 days. The recently developed Frequency Ratio Method is used in order to perform an identification of the excited modes. The results are consistent with an l=2 identification for all the modes and high radial quantum numbers (n~40) for the three main observed periodicities. The possibility of multiplet structures is also discussed. However, no consistency is found when the Time-Dependent Convection treatment is used for modes discrimination. The disagreement can be due to the large rotation velocity taking place in HD218427 and, consequently, the significant coupling between the modes.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by A&A
Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Volume 5: Consumption and Utilization of Agricultural Products
Creators: name: Harp, Harry
name: Bunch, Karen
name: Harp, Harry
name: Bunch, Karen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Food consumption
subject: food use
subject: supply
subject: price
subject: expenditures

description: This volume describes how annual series on per capita food consumption, the index of per capita food consumption, and annual series on total food expenditures are constructed and used for analytical and comparative purposes. It also identifies sources of current and historical data on food consumption and expenditures.
description: This set of 12 volumes on the Major Statistical Series of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Agriculture Handbook No. 671) is the second revision that supersedes the original volumes published during 1957-60. The first revision was completed in 1972.
A STUDY OF THE IMPACTS OF TARIFF REDUCTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, AND FISHERY SECTORS IN TAIWAN - AN APPLICATION OF SINGLE-COUNTRY MULTIPLE-SECTOR CGE MODEL
Creators: name: Sun, Chin-Hwa
name: Chiang, Fu-Sung
name: Lin, Cheng-Hong
name: Lin, Kuo-Jung
name: Sun, Chin-Hwa
name: Chiang, Fu-Sung
name: Lin, Cheng-Hong
name: Lin, Kuo-Jung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This study used a single-country 50-sector CGE model to evaluate the impacts of 24.03%, 23.72%, and 33.11%, tariff reductions on agriculture, livestock, and fishery, respectively, after Taiwan's accession to the WTO. Results show that imports of agriculture, livestock, and fishery would increase by 52.98%, 86.48%, and 216.57%, respectively, and the domestic production of agriculture would experience the biggest reduction of 16.2%.
Rigorous derivation of population cross-diffusion systems from moderately interacting particle systems
Creators: name: Chen, Li
name: Daus, Esther S.
name: Holzinger, Alexandra
name: Jüngel, Ansgar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q92, 35K45, 60J70, 82C22

description: Population cross-diffusion systems of Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto type are derived in a mean-field-type limit from stochastic, moderately interacting many-particle systems for multiple population species in the whole space. The diffusion term in the stochastic model depends nonlinearly on the interactions between the individuals, and the drift term is the gradient of the environmental potential. In the first step, the mean-field limit leads to an intermediate nonlocal model. The local cross-diffusion system is derived in the second step in a moderate scaling regime, when the interaction potentials approach the Dirac delta distribution. The global existence of strong solutions to the intermediate and the local diffusion systems is proved for sufficiently small initial data. Furthermore, numerical simulations on the particle level are presented.
TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE AND RISK MANAGEMENT: AN APPLICATION TO THE ECONOMICS OF CORN PRODUCTION
Creators: name: Kim, Kwansoo
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
name: Kim, Kwansoo
name: Chavas, Jean-Paul
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The paper investigates the linkages between technological change and production risk, with an application to corn. The effects of technology on risk exposure are characterized based on the properties of the risk premium. We define technological progress to be risk-increasing (risk-decreasing) if it increases (decreases) the relative risk premium. The analysis is applied to panel data from Wisconsin research stations. Conditional moments (including mean, variance and skewness) of corn yield, grain moisture and corn profit are estimated for different sites. We investigate how the trade-off between expected return and the risk premium varies over time and over space. The empirical results indicate that technological progress contributes to reducing the exposure to risk as well as downside risk in corn production, although this effect varies across sites. They also stress the role of the relative maturity of corn hybrid as a means of managing risk.
The role of DNA mismatch repair genes in genome stability and carcinogenesis
Creators: name: Baross-Francis, Agnes
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is associated with an increased mutational burden and predisposition to certain malignancies. Relatively little is known, however, about mutant frequencies within MMR-deficient primary tumors. Thymic lymphomas from Msh2-/- mice were thus analyzed using a lacI-based transgenic shuttle-phage mutation detection system. All tumors exhibited greatly elevated lacI gene mutant frequencies, ranging from 3.2- to 17.4-fold above the ~15-fold elevations present within normal Msh2-/- thymi. In addition, individual lacI genes harboring multiple changes were found in the tumors. To investigate whether hypermutation was a feature of all tumors arising in mismatch repair-deficient mice, lacI transgene mutant frequencies were obtained from tumors of mice deficient for Pms2 and/or Msh2. While lacI gene hypermutation was again clearly evident in Msh2+/- Pms2-/- and Msh2-/- Pms2-/- thymic lymphomas, three non-thymic Msh2 deficient tumors failed to show elevated frequencies of mutation in lacI when compared to a normal tissue within the respective mice. The elevated mutant frequencies in the lymphoid tumors, and the finding of multiple clustered mutations in lacI genes from these tumors, suggested that they were possibly generated by a lymphoma-specific hypermutational mechanism. Similar to Msh2 deficient mice, mice rendered deficient in Mlh1 or Pms2 via gene targeting are also prone to tumorigenesis, particularly lymphomas. According to the recent model of mammalian MMR, these two proteins function as a heterodimer. However, while Mlh1-/- mice develop small intestinal adenomas and adenocarcinomas, Pms2-/- animals remain free of such tumors. To establish whether this discrepancy might be associated with a quantitative and/or qualitative difference in genomic instability between Mlh1-/- and Pms2-/- mice, we determined small intestinal epithelial cell DNA mutant frequencies and spectra using the lacI reporter system. We found that C:G->T:A transitions were significantly elevated in Mlh1-/- versus Pms2-/- mice, leading to a 1.5-fold lacI mutant frequency increase in these animals. We hypothesize that this finding may explain, in part, why Mlh1-/- mice, but not Pms2-/- mice, develop tumors at this site. Furthermore, the difference in the lacI mutational spectrum of Mlh1-/- and Pms2-/- mice suggests that MLH1 may be involved in a PMS2-independent repair pathway particularly towards DNA lesions that result in C:G->T:A transition mutations.
Open Science and Democratic Dialogue: vision for constituting a foundation
Creators: name: Balli, Fabio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: open science
emerging change
democratic dialogue
popular consensus
social commons

description: Aims: Fostering the emergence of open science methodologies, knowledge and infrastructures that are co-created and coordinated by the people, and aligned with the objectives, values and principles of the UNESCO Recommendation adopted by 193 states in late 2021. Carrying, valuing and contributing to a coherent set of essential social commons, that is resources whose primary utility is to enable every human being: the fulfilment of their basic needs; the development of their capacity to care; the full enjoyment of their civil and social rights. Building and preserving an information commons under copyfair or copyleft legal regime, or a normative framework of equivalent effect, as well as a movable and immovable heritage governed according to Ostrom principles. Practicing creation-as-research: research emerging from creative activities. Illustration of Open Science elements according to UNESCO Illustration presenting the positioning of the foundation Insert on the founder's journey Contact email Version française. Annex under CC BY SA: editable file, improved UNESCO icons (darker colours, uniform sizes), circle integrating the four elements (placement and labels modified).
Stringy Dark Energy Model with Cold Dark Matter
Creators: name: Aref'eva, I. Ya.
name: Koshelev, A. S.
name: Vernov, S. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological consequences of adding the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) to the exactly solvable stringy Dark Energy (DE) model are investigated. The model is motivated by the consideration of our Universe as a slowly decaying D3-brane. The decay of this D-brane is described in the String Field Theory framework. Stability conditions of the exact solution with respect to small fluctuations of the initial value of the CDM energy density are found. Solutions with large initial value of the CDM energy density attracted by the exact solution without CDM are constructed numerically. In contrast to the LambdaCDM model the Hubble parameter in the model is not a monotonic function of time. For specific initial data the DE state parameter w_{DE} is also not monotonic function of time. For these cases there are two separate regions of time where w_{DE} being less than -1 is close to -1.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures; references added