cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Sampling Schemes for Policy Analyses Using Computer Simulation Experiments
Creators: name: Carriquiry, Alicia L.
name: Breidt, F. Jay
name: Lakshminarayan, P.G.
name: Carriquiry, Alicia L.
name: Breidt, F. Jay
name: Lakshminarayan, P.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of agricultural policies is not a simple task. A systematic approach to evaluation would include the effect of policy-dependent factors (sue as tillage practices, crop rotations, and chemical use) as well as the effect of policy-independent covariates (such as weather, topography, and soil attributes) on response variables (such as amount of soil eroded or chemical leached into the groundwater). For comparison purposes, the effects of these input combinations on the response variable would have to be assessed under competing policy scenarios. Because the number of input combinations is high in most problems, and because policies to be evaluated are often not in use at the time of the study, practitioners have resorted to simulation experiments to generate data. But generating data from simulation models is often costly and time consuming; thus, the number of input combinations in a study may be limiting even in simulation experiments. In this paper, we discuss the problem of designing computer simulation experiments that require generating data for just a fraction of the possible input combinations. We propose an approach that is based on subsampling the 1992 National Resources Inventory (NRI) points. We illustrate the procedure by assessing soil erosion in a situation where there are "observed" data (reported by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS)) for comparison. Estimates for soil erosion obtained using the procedure we propose are in good agreement with NRCS reported values.
The large-scale angular correlations in CMB temperature maps
Creators: name: Bernui, Armando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations show that the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) contains tiny variations at the 10^{-5} level around its black-body equilibrium temperature. The detection of these temperature fluctuations provides to modern Cosmology evidence for the existence of primordial density perturbations that seeded all the structures presently observed. The vast majority of the cosmological information is contained in the 2-point temperature function, which measures the angular correlation of these temperature fluctuations distributed on the celestial sphere. Here we study such angular correlations using a recently introduced statistic-geometrical method. Moreover, we use Monte Carlo simulated CMB temperature maps to show the equivalence of this method with the 2-point temperature function (best known as the 2-Point Angular Correlation Function). We also investigate here the robustness of this new method under possible divisions of the original catalog-data in sub-catalogs. Finally, we show some applications of this new method to simple cases.
description: 6 pages, 11 figures, to appear in Brazilian Journal of Physics (2005)
Mapping and Modelling Network Hubs of the Human Connectome
Creators: name: STUART JAMES OLDHAM
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: This thesis aims to better understand highly connected regions of the human brain, termed network hubs, which are essential for coordinated brain function. Using a combination of brain imaging and mathematical modelling, the findings of the thesis show the way in which network hubs are defined can depend on methods used for data processing and quantification, and that simple network wiring rules are sufficient to account for the emergence of hubs in brain networks, but not their spatial location. This work identifies optimum methods for brain network mapping and sheds new light on how network hubs develop.
StainNet: a fast and robust stain normalization network
Creators: name: Kang, Hongtao
name: Luo, Die
name: Feng, Weihua
name: Hu, Junbo
name: Zeng, Shaoqun
name: Quan, Tingwei
name: Liu, Xiuli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stain normalization often refers to transferring the color distribution of the source image to that of the target image and has been widely used in biomedical image analysis. The conventional stain normalization is regarded as constructing a pixel-by-pixel color mapping model, which only depends on one reference image, and can not accurately achieve the style transformation between image datasets. In principle, this style transformation can be well solved by the deep learning-based methods due to its complicated network structure, whereas, its complicated structure results in the low computational efficiency and artifacts in the style transformation, which has restricted the practical application. Here, we use distillation learning to reduce the complexity of deep learning methods and a fast and robust network called StainNet to learn the color mapping between the source image and target image. StainNet can learn the color mapping relationship from a whole dataset and adjust the color value in a pixel-to-pixel manner. The pixel-to-pixel manner restricts the network size and avoids artifacts in the style transformation. The results on the cytopathology and histopathology datasets show that StainNet can achieve comparable performance to the deep learning-based methods. Computation results demonstrate StainNet is more than 40 times faster than StainGAN and can normalize a 100,000x100,000 whole slide image in 40 seconds.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Diffusion-induced spontaneous pattern formation on gelation surfaces
Creators: name: Katsuragi, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although the pattern formation on polymer gels has been considered as a result of the mechanical instability due to the volume phase transition, we found a macroscopic surface pattern formation not caused by the mechanical instability. It develops on gelation surfaces, and we consider the reaction-diffusion dynamics mainly induces a surface instability during polymerization. Random and straight stripe patterns were observed, depending on gelation conditions. We found the scaling relation between the characteristic wavelength and the gelation time. This scaling is consistent with the reaction-diffusion dynamics and would be a first step to reveal the gelation pattern formation dynamics.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Vector modulation instability induced by vacuum fluctuations in highly birefringent fibers in the anomalous dispersion regime
Creators: name: Amans, D.
name: Brainis, E.
name: Haelterman, M.
name: Emplit, Ph.
name: Massar, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a detailed experimental study of vector modulation instability in highly birefringent optical fibers in the anomalous dispersion regime. We prove that the observed instability is mainly induced by vacuum fluctuations. The detuning of the spectral peaks agrees with linear perturbation analysis. The exact shape of the spectrum is well reproduced by numerical integration of stochastic nonlinear Schrodinger equations describing quantum propagation.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Optics Letters
Threshold resummation for electroweak annihilation from DIS data
Creators: name: Laenen, Eric
name: Magnea, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that higher-order coefficients required to perform threshold resummation for electroweak annihilation processes, such as Drell-Yan or Higgs production via gluon fusion, can be computed using perturbative results derived in Deep Inelastic Scattering. As an example, we compute the three-loop coefficient D_3, generating most of the fourth tower of threshold logarithms for the Drell-Yan cross section in the MSbar scheme, using the recent three-loop results for splitting functions and for the quark form factor, as well as a class of exponentiating two-loop contributions to the Drell-Yan process.
description: LaTeX, 14 pages
Musicaliske Elementer, eller Anleedning til Forstand paa de første Ting udi Musiquen hvor udi den musicaliske Signatur i den Bruug som den nu haves hos de fleeste, saa ogsaa Applicaturen paa nogle saa kaldte strygende og blæsende Instrumenter og andet meere Musiquen tilhørende / For dem, som ere Elskere af at lægge ret Grund til at forstaae det Musicaliske Væsen, kort og tydeligen anført, fuldfærdiget og udgivet ved Johann Daniel Berlin, Kongel. Privilegerte Stads-Musicus og Organist til Dom-Kirken i Tronhiem
Creators: name: Berlin, Johan Daniel
name: Berlin, Johan Henrich
Publisher: name: Trykt paa Autors Bekostning af Jens Chr. Winding
Year: 0

description: Med manuskripttillegg: danser av J. D. og J. H. Berlin m. Kopi av originalmanuskriptet
Relative Growth of Subsidiary Farming in Post-Soviet Economies: A Labor Supply Story
Creators: name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: income uncertainty
subject: wage arrears
subject: agricultural household model
subject: labor supply
subject: economies in transition
subject: subsidiary farming

description: An agricultural household model (AHM) is applied to analyze the changes in labor supply of post-Soviet households. Extensions of the model are presented in which wage and pension arrears are modeled as income uncertainty. Considering two models, one for wage earning households and another for pensioners, we find that wage and pension uncertainties increase subsidiary farming hours and so does a mean-preserving spread in the distribution of pensions. A decline in the probability of receiving wages not only increases subsidiary farming hours but also reduces wage work hours.
Conditioning on and controlling for variates via cumulative differences: measuring calibration, reliability, biases, and other treatment effects
Creators: name: Tygert, Mark
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: tutorial.pdf contains a slide deck. interactive.mov contains a QuickTime movie referenced by the slide deck in its penultimate subsection (for viewers who wish to see the video). tutorial.mp4 contains an MPEG-4 recording of the presentation. Abstract: Conditioning on or controlling for variates helps compare only those who are comparable. That often means matching up people by their age or income, for example, and then looking at differences in results between people with similar ages or similar incomes. Yet that raises the question: how many people with exactly the same age or exactly the same income are in the data? If there are too few, then they will be unrepresentative. When there are too few, the randomness in the results fails to average away. This would seem to call for matching up people whose ages or incomes are only close, but not exactly the same. How close is “close”? Does it matter? Choosing how close is “close” turns out to make all the difference. In many cases, the data can be made to support any arbitrary conclusion simply by manipulating how close is considered “close.” Conventionally, adjusting data for covariates such as age and income often ends up fudging the numbers, spinning facts or figures. Even the well-intentioned are susceptible to confirmation bias, cherry-picking, or otherwise making the data merely confirm expectations. This tutorial shows how to avoid setting how close is “close.” With no parameters to tune, the presented graphical methods and scalar summary statistics cannot mislead, not even in principle. These methods are thus well-suited for the assessment of bias, fairness, reliability, the calibration of predicted probabilities, and other treatment effects. The analysis applies to observational studies as well as to randomized controlled trials.
Topological quantum phase transitions and criticality in a longer-range Kitaev chain
Creators: name: Kartik, Y R
name: Kumar, Ranjith R
name: Rahul, S
name: Roy, Nilanjan
name: Sarkar, Sujit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an attempt to theoretically investigate the quantum phase transition and criticality in topological models, we study Kitaev chain with longer-range couplings (finite number of neighbors) as well as truly long-range couplings (infinite number of neighbors). We carry out an extensive topological characterization of the momentum space to explore the possibility of obtaining higher order winding numbers and analyze the nature of their stability in the model. The occurrences of phase transitions from even-to-even and odd-to-odd winding numbers are observed with decreasing longer-rangeness in the system. We derive topological quantum critical lines and study them to understand the behavior of criticality. A suppression of higher order winding numbers is observed with decreasing longer-rangeness in the model. We show that the mechanism behind such phenomena is due to the superposition and vanishing of the topological quantum critical lines associated with the higher winding number. Through the study of Berry connection we show the possible different behaviors of critical lines when they undergo superposition along with the corresponding critical exponents. We analyze the behavior of the long-range models through the momentum space characterization. We also provide exact solution for the problem and discuss the experimental aspects of the work.
Non-commutative gauge theory on D-branes in Melvin Universes
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Akikazu
name: Thomas, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-commutative gauge theory with a non-constant non-commutativity parameter can be formulated as a decoupling limit of open strings ending on D3-branes wrapping a Melvin universe. We construct the action explicitly and discuss various physical features of this theory. The decoupled field theory is not supersymmetric. Nonetheless, the Coulomb branch appears to remain flat at least in the large N and large 't Hooft coupling limit. We also find the analogue of Prasad-Sommerfield monopoles whose size scales with the non-commutativity parameter and is therefore position dependent.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure, reference added
Low-dimensional chaos in the single wave model for self-consistent wave-particle Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Gomes, J. V.
name: de Sousa, M. C.
name: Viana, R. L.
name: Caldas, I. L.
name: Elskens, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze nonlinear aspects of the self-consistent wave-particle interaction using Hamiltonian dynamics in the single wave model, where the wave is modified due to the particle dynamics. This interaction plays an important role in the emergence of plasma instabilities and turbulence. The simplest case, where one particle (N = 1) is coupled with one wave (M = 1), is completely integrable, and the nonlinear effects reduce to the wave potential pulsating while the particle either remains trapped or circulates forever. On increasing the number of particles (N = 2, M = 1), integrability is lost and chaos develops. Our analyses identify the two standard ways for chaos to appear and grow (the homoclinic tangle born from a separatrix, and the resonance overlap near an elliptic fixed point). Moreover, a strong form of chaos occurs when the energy is high enough for the wave amplitude to vanish occasionally.
THE CALIBRATION OF INCOMPLETE DEMAND SYSTEMS IN QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Beghin, John C.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Drogue, Sophie
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Bureau, Jean-Christophe
name: Drogue, Sophie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: calibration
subject: exact welfare measure
subject: incomplete demand systems
subject: policy analysis

description: We introduce an easily implemented and flexible calibration technique for partial demand systems, combining recent developments in incomplete demand systems and a set of restrictions conditioned on the available elasticity estimates. The technique accommodates various degrees of knowledge on cross-price elasticities, satisfies curvature restrictions, and allows the recovery of an exact welfare measure for policy analysis. The technique is illustrated with a partial demand system for food consumption in Korea for different states of knowledge on cross-price effects. The consumer welfare impact of food and agricultural trade liberalization is measured.
Conservation of connectivity of model-space effective interactions under a class of similarity transformation
Creators: name: Duan, Chang-Kui
name: Gong, Yungui
name: Dong, Hui-Ning
name: Reid, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective interaction operators usually act on a restricted model space and give the same energies (for Hamiltonian) and matrix elements (for transition operators etc.) as those of the original operators between the corresponding true eigenstates. Various types of effective operators are possible. Those well defined effective operators have been shown being related to each other by similarity transformation. Some of the effective operators have been shown to have connected-diagram expansions. It is shown in this paper that under a class of very general similarity transformations, the connectivity is conserved. The similarity transformation between hermitian and non-hermitian Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbative effective operators is one of such transformation and hence the connectivity can be deducted from each other.
description: 12 preprint pages
The needle in the haystack - Where to look for more isolated cooling neutron stars
Creators: name: Posselt, B.
name: Popov, S. B.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Truemper, J.
name: Turolla, R.
name: Neuhaeuser, R.
name: Boldin, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Isolated cooling neutron stars with thermal X-ray emission remain rarely detected objects despite many searches investigating the ROSAT data. Aims: We simulate the population of close-by young cooling neutron stars to explain the current observational results. Given the inhomogeneity of the neutron star distribution on the sky it is particularly interesting to identify promising sky regions with respect to on-going and future searches. Methods: Applying a population synthesis model the inhomogeneity of the progenitor distribution and the inhomogeneity of the X-ray absorbing interstellar medium are considered for the first time. The total number of observable neutron stars is derived with respect to ROSAT count rates. In addition, we present sky maps of neutron star locations and discuss age and distance distributions of the simulated neutron stars. Implications for future searches are discussed. Results: With our advanced model we can successfully explain the observed logN - logS distribution of close-by neutron stars. Cooling neutron stars will be most abundant in the directions of rich OB associations. New candidates are expected to be identified behind the Gould Belt, in particular in the Cygnus-Cepheus region. They are expected to be on average younger and then hotter than the known population of isolated cooling neutron stars. In addition, we propose to use data on runaway stars to search for more radio-quiet cooling neutron stars.
description: 18 pages, 14 figures; added Erratum after bug in code was discovered, updated results in Appendix, main conclusions do not change
Altschuller, Aubrey P. 1949
Creators: name: Altschuller, Aubrey P.
name: Onsager, Lars
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1949

description: Fra Altschuller til Onsager 1949-05-04. Fra Onsager til Altschuller 1949-05-12
description: Tidligere referanse: 1:3
The Cost of Developing Site-Specific Environmental Regulations: Evidence from EPA's Project XL
Creators: name: Blackman, Allen
name: Mazurek, Janice V.
name: Blackman, Allen
name: Mazurek, Janice V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Project XL
subject: site-specific regulation
subject: tailored regulation
subject: voluntary regulation
subject: transactions costs
subject: regulatory reform and reinvention

description: The flagship of the Environmental Protection Agency's regulatory reinvention initiative, Project XL has been touted as a "regulatory blueprint" for a site-specific, performance-based pollution control system. But widespread complaints about the costs of the program beg the question of whether the costs of tailoring regulations to individual facilities are manageable. To address this question, this paper presents original survey data on a sample of 11 XL projects. We find that the fixed costs of putting in place XL agreements are substantial, averaging over $450,000 per firm. While stakeholder negotiations are widely cited as the principal source for these costs, we find that they actually arise mainly from interaction between participating facilities and the EPA. Moreover, EPA management problems are perceived by our survey respondents as having inflated project development costs. Finally, we find that the key factor that explains differences in costs across XL projects is the scope and complexity of the project proposal. These findings suggest that Project XL favors large firms that can afford to pay significant project development costs, that EPA management problems must be resolved to reduce costs, and that there may be a significant economic bias against complex and innovative proposals-precisely the type of proposals that Project XL was designed to foster in order to improve the efficiency of the regulatory system.
Low-Rank Matrix Recovery with Scaled Subgradient Methods: Fast and Robust Convergence Without the Condition Number
Creators: name: Tong, Tian
name: Ma, Cong
name: Chi, Yuejie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many problems in data science can be treated as estimating a low-rank matrix from highly incomplete, sometimes even corrupted, observations. One popular approach is to resort to matrix factorization, where the low-rank matrix factors are optimized via first-order methods over a smooth loss function, such as the residual sum of squares. While tremendous progresses have been made in recent years, the natural smooth formulation suffers from two sources of ill-conditioning, where the iteration complexity of gradient descent scales poorly both with the dimension as well as the condition number of the low-rank matrix. Moreover, the smooth formulation is not robust to corruptions. In this paper, we propose scaled subgradient methods to minimize a family of nonsmooth and nonconvex formulations -- in particular, the residual sum of absolute errors -- which is guaranteed to converge at a fast rate that is almost dimension-free and independent of the condition number, even in the presence of corruptions. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach when the observation operator satisfies certain mixed-norm restricted isometry properties, and derive state-of-the-art performance guarantees for a variety of problems such as robust low-rank matrix sensing and quadratic sampling.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transaction on Signal Processing
Accelerated paths and Unruh effect I: scalars and fermions in Anti De Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Ahmed, Shahnewaz
name: Faruk, Mir Mehedi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the Unruh effect in Anti de-Sitter (AdS) spacetime by examining the response function of an Unruh-DeWitt particle detector with uniform constant acceleration. An exact expression of the detector response function for the scalar field has been obtained with different levels of non-linearity in even dimensional AdS spacetime. We also showed how the response of the accelerated Unruh detector coupled quadratically to massless Dirac field in $D$ dimensional $(D \geq 2)$ AdS spacetime is proportional to that of a detector linearly coupled to a massless scalar field in $2D$ dimensional AdS spacetime. Here, the fermionic and scalar matter field is coupled minimally and conformally to the background AdS metric, respectively. Finally, we discuss about the extension of the results for more general stationary motion.
description: 35 pages, 6 figures
NLO QCD corrections to off-shell ${t\bar{t}W^\pm}$ production at the LHC: Correlations and Asymmetries
Creators: name: Bevilacqua, Giuseppe
name: Bi, Huan-Yu
name: Hartanto, Heribertus Bayu
name: Kraus, Manfred
name: Nasufi, Jasmina
name: Worek, Malgorzata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental data in multi-lepton plus $b$-jets analyses for the $t\bar{t}W^\pm$ process, as reported by the ATLAS collaboration, have indicated that more accurate theoretical predictions and high precision observables are needed to constrain numerous new physics scenarios in this channel. To this end we employ NLO QCD computations with full off-shell top quark effects included to provide theoretical predictions for the ${\cal R}= σ_{t\bar{t}W^+}/σ_{t\bar{t}W^-}$ cross section ratio at the LHC with $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. Depending on the transverse momentum cut on the $b$-jet we obtain $2\% -3 \%$ theoretical precision on ${\cal R}$, which should help to shed some light on new physics effects that can reveal themselves only once sufficiently precise Standard Model theoretical predictions are available. Furthermore, triggered by these discrepancies we reexamine the charge asymmetry of the top quark and its decay products in the $t\bar{t}W^\pm$ production process. In the case of charge asymmetries, that are uniquely sensitive to the chiral nature of possible new physics in this channel, theoretical uncertainties below $15\%$ are obtained. Additionally, the impact of the top quark decay modelling is scrutinised by explicit comparison with predictions in the narrow-width approximation.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures, 7 tables. Asymmetry plots and citations added, discussion of effects beyond NLO in QCD added. The discussion on PDF uncertainties has been extended. The version to appear in the European Physical Journal C
Cost-Effectiveness of Renewable Electricity Policies
Creators: name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Palmer, Karen L.
name: Burtraw, Dallas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: renewable energy
subject: electricity
subject: renewable portfolio standard
subject: carbon dioxide

description: We analyze policies to promote renewable sources of electricity. A renewable portfolio standard raises electricity prices and primarily reduces gas-fired generation. A "knee" of the cost curve exists between 15% and 20% goals for 2020 in our central case, and higher natural gas prices lower the cost of greater reliance on renewables. A renewable energy production tax credit lowers electricity price at the expense of taxpayers and thus limits its effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions; it also is less cost-effective at increasing renewables than a portfolio standard. Neither policy is as cost-effective as a cap-and-trade policy for achieving carbon emissions reductions.
Achieving anonymity via weak lower bound constraints for k-median and k-means
Creators: name: Arutyunova, Anna
name: Schmidt, Melanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study $k$-clustering problems with lower bounds, including $k$-median and $k$-means clustering with lower bounds. In addition to the point set $P$ and the number of centers $k$, a $k$-clustering problem with (uniform) lower bounds gets a number $B$. The solution space is restricted to clusterings where every cluster has at least $B$ points. We demonstrate how to approximate $k$-median with lower bounds via a reduction to facility location with lower bounds, for which $O(1)$-approximation algorithms are known. Then we propose a new constrained clustering problem with lower bounds where we allow points to be assigned multiple times (to different centers). This means that for every point, the clustering specifies a set of centers to which it is assigned. We call this clustering with weak lower bounds. We give a $(6.5+ε)$-approximation for $k$-median clustering with weak lower bounds and an $O(1)$-approximation for $k$-means with weak lower bounds. We conclude by showing that at a constant increase in the approximation factor, we can restrict the number of assignments of every point to $2$ (or, if we allow fractional assignments, to $1+ε$). This also leads to the first bicritera approximation algorithm for $k$-means with (standard) lower bounds where bicriteria is interpreted in the sense that the lower bounds are violated by a constant factor. All algorithms in this paper run in time that is polynomial in $n$ and $k$ (and $d$ for the Euclidean variants considered).
description: This work appeared at STACS 2021. The arXiv version is the most current version
The kinetics of austenite formation during continuous heating of a multi-phase steel
Creators: name: Cho, Yeong-Bong
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: DP (Dual-Phase) and TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steels, also known as multiphase steels, have been attracting a growing interest in the development of lighter automobiles owing to their excellent combination of strength and ductility. TRIP steels can usually be generated from a standard cold-rolled ferrite-pearlite grade by a two stage continuous annealing process; continuous heating and intercritical annealing, followed by subsequent cooling and austempering. The material is first intercritically annealed in the ferrite/ austenite coexistence region, during which the ferrite matrix recrystallizes and austenite is created. Austempering is then performed and some upper bainite is formed, which, in turn, stabilizes the remaining austenite even down to room temperature. Most studies have been focused so far on the second stage of the thermal scheme due to the fact that the steel properties depend primarily on the transformation processes following austenitization. However, the phase transformations occurring upon heating is of profound importance. The state of the microstructure after heating; i.e., volume fraction, shape, distribution and chemical composition of the austenite grains, has a great influence on the kinetics of the phase transformation during cooling and on the subsequent mechanical properties of the steel. Furthermore, the kinetics of the reverse transformation to austenite determine the time and temperature required for either intercritical heat treatment or normalization. The objective of the present study is to characterize and understand the reaustenitization kinetics from pearlite-ferrite structure during continuous heating. Futher, a mathematical model based on the Avrami equation and the additivity principle has been adopted in modeling the pearlite-ferrite to austenite transformation during continuous heating.
Photoelectric Emission from Dust Grains Exposed to Extreme Ultraviolet and X-ray Radiation
Creators: name: Weingartner, Joseph C.
name: Draine, B. T.
name: Barr, David K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoelectric emission from dust plays an important role in grain charging and gas heating. To date, detailed models of these processes have focused primarily on grains exposed to soft radiation fields. We provide new estimates of the photoelectric yield for neutral and charged carbonaceous and silicate grains, for photon energies exceeding 20 eV. We include the ejection of electrons from both the band structure of the material and the inner shells of the constituent atoms, as well as Auger and secondary electron emission. We apply the model to estimate gas heating rates in planetary nebulae and grain charges in the outflows of broad absorption line quasars. For these applications, secondary emission can be neglected; the combined effect of inner shell and Auger emission is small, though not always negligible. Finally, we investigate the survivability of dust entrained in quasar outflows. The lack of nuclear reddening in broad absorption line quasars may be explained by sputtering of grains in the outflows.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ
A robust and scalable unfitted adaptive finite element framework for nonlinear solid mechanics
Creators: name: Badia, Santiago
name: Caicedo, Manuel
name: Martín, Alberto F.
name: Principe, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we bridge standard adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening on scalable octree background meshes and robust unfitted finite element formulations for the automatic and efficient solution of large-scale nonlinear solid mechanics problems posed on complex geometries, as an alternative to standard body-fitted formulations, unstructured mesh generation and graph partitioning strategies. We pay special attention to those aspects requiring a specialized treatment in the extension of the unfitted h-adaptive aggregated finite element method on parallel tree-based adaptive meshes, recently developed for linear scalar elliptic problems, to handle nonlinear problems in solid mechanics. In order to accurately and efficiently capture localized phenomena that frequently occur in nonlinear solid mechanics problems, we perform pseudo time-stepping in combination with h-adaptive dynamic mesh refinement and rebalancing driven by a-posteriori error estimators. The method is implemented considering both irreducible and mixed (u/p) formulations and thus it is able to robustly face problems involving incompressible materials. In the numerical experiments, both formulations are used to model the inelastic behavior of a wide range of compressible and incompressible materials. First, a selected set of benchmarks are reproduced as a verification step. Second, a set of experiments is presented with problems involving complex geometries. Among them, we model a cantilever beam problem with spherical hollows distributed in a Simple Cubic array. This test involves a discrete domain with up to 11.7M Degrees Of Freedom solved in less than two hours on 3072 cores of a parallel supercomputer.
Strukturen der Beziehungen zwischen der römisch-katholischen Kirche und dem Ökumenischen Rat der Kirchen
Creators: name: Blake, Eugene Carson
name: Willebrands, Johannes G. M.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 21 Nr. 4 (1972): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 21, Heft 4
Uncertainty and the Cost-Effectiveness of Regional NOx Emissions Reductions from Electricity Generation
Creators: name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Bharvirkar, Ranjit
name: McGuinness, Meghan
name: Burtraw, Dallas
name: Bharvirkar, Ranjit
name: McGuinness, Meghan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: emissions trading
subject: electricity
subject: particulates
subject: nitrogen oxides
subject: NOX
subject: health benefits
subject: market structure
subject: restructuring
subject: deregulation
subject: value of statistical life
subject: uncertainty

description: This paper analyzes uncertainties surrounding the benefits and costs of a policy to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the eastern United States. Under each of 18 scenarios examined, we find an annual policy would yield net benefits that are at least as great as those expected under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) currently planned seasonal policy. Preferred (midpoint) assumptions yield additional benefits of $724 million per year under an annual policy compared to a seasonal one (1997 dollars). The subset of 11 northeastern states benefit the most from an annual policy relative to a seasonal one, but relative net benefits are also positive in the remaining states in the region. An annual policy implemented on a national basis appears to be slightly less cost-effective than the EPA's policy under midpoint assumptions but it is more cost-effective under half of the scenarios we examine.
Larnax schjellerupiae S. Leiva & Quipuscoa 2003
Creators: name: Deanna, Rocío
name: González, Segundo Leiva
name: Barboza, Gloria E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Larnax
Larnax schjellerupiae

description: Larnax schjellerupiae S. Leiva & Quipuscoa (2003: 32)
Lectotype (designated here):— PERU. San Martin: Huallaga, La Fila, entre Añazco Pueblo y Leguía, 2000 m, 10 September 2000, S. Leiva & V. Quipuscoa 2479 (HUT 40030!).
The isotype at HUT is the only existing type specimen of L. schjellerupiae consisting of a branch with only three fruits: two well visible and the third hidden under the leaves (Fig. 18 F). This branch without any flowers could be assigned to any other Larnax species with inflated fruiting calyces. Fortunately, the illustration of the protologue shows the most representative characters of this species (Leiva González & Quipuscoa Silvestre 2002). Up to the present, L. schjellerupiae S. Leiva & Quipuscoa (2003: 32) has not been collected since 2000, probably due to its inaccessible habitat in the Peruvian forest in the Huallaga-Saposoa basin.
description: Published as part of Deanna, Rocío, González, Segundo Leiva & Barboza, Gloria E., 2014, Four new species and eighteen lectotypifications of Larnax from Ecuador and Peru and a new synonym of Deprea orinocensis (Solanaceae: Solanoideae, Physalideae), pp. 1-34 in Phytotaxa 167 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.167.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5153819
Land Use and Remedy Selection: Experience from the Field - The Fort Ord Site
Creators: name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Hersh, Robert
name: Wernstedt, Kris
name: Hersh, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Superfund
subject: land use
subject: economic development

description: In September of 1994, the Army closed the Fort Ord Military Reservation, a Superfund site of some 28,000 acres located in Monterey County, California. Under the Base Closure and Realignment Act, nearly all of this land will be transferred to federal and state entities and to a number of cities of the Monterey peninsula that border the base. A good deal of this property is valuable real estate -- coastal dunes, golf courses, and barracks that can be converted to apartments or dormitories. For the beneficiaries of these property transfers the Fort Ord cleanup is a modern day gold rush that is taking place as part of a Superfund cleanup. What effect have economic development pressures had on the cleanup process and on decisions about cleanup standards? This case study addresses this question by examining: (i) how the legal requirements regulating cleanup, community involvement and reuse have been implemented by the Army and the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency; and (ii) the effectiveness of two groups created by legislation to integrate reuse planning and cleanup -- the Fort Ord Reuse Authority, an economic planning authority representing the area's local governments, and the Fort Ord Restoration Advisory Board, a citizens group mandated to advise the Army about the cleanup process.
Three Classification Results In The Theory Of Weighted Hardy Spaces On The Ball
Creators: name: Ofek, Danny
name: Sofer, Gilad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E22

description: We present a natural family of Hilbert function spaces on the d-dimensional complex unit ball and classify which of them satisfy that subsets of the ball yield isometrically isomorphic subspaces if and only if there is an analytic automorphism of the ball taking one to the other. We also characterize pairs of weighted Hardy spaces on the unit disk which are isomorphic via a composition operator by a simple criterion on their respective sequences of weights.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
How Large Are the Welfare Costs of Tax Competition?
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: fiscal competition
subject: tax harmonization
subject: welfare costs
subject: Leviathan
subject: strategic behavior

description: Previous literature has shown that competition among regional governments may lead to inefficiently low levels of capital taxation, because governments do not take account of the external benefits of capital flight to other regions. However, the fiscal distortion is smaller the more elastic the supply of capital (for the region bloc), if governments are not perfectly competitive, or they behave in part as a revenue-maximizing Leviathan. There has been very little empirical work on the magnitude of the welfare effects of fiscal competition. This paper presents extensive calculations of the welfare effects using a model that incorporates the possibility of Leviathan behavior, strategic behavior by governments, monopsony power in factor markets, and a wide range of capital supply elasticities. The welfare costs of tax competition are generally fairly small, and even these costs can disappear fairly quickly when some weight is attached to the possibility of Leviathan behavior.
The Zeta Function Method and the Harmonic Oscillator Propagator
Creators: name: Barone, F. A.
name: Farina, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the pre-exponential factor of the Feynman propagator for the harmonic oscillator can be computed by the generalized $ζ$-function method. Besides, we establish a direct equivalence between this method and Schwinger's propertime method.
description: 12 latex pages, no figures
The Political Economy of Environmental Policy
Creators: name: Oates, Wallace E.
name: Portney, Paul R.
name: Oates, Wallace E.
name: Portney, Paul R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental regulation
subject: environmental management
subject: environmental policy

description: This paper provides a review and assessment of the extensive literature on the political determination of environmental regulation. A promising theoretical literature has emerged relatively recently that provides models of the political interaction of government with various interest groups in the setting of environmental standards and the choice of regulatory instruments. A large empirical literature supports such models, finding evidence of the influence of interest groups but also evidence that net social benefits are often an important determinant of environmental policy choices. We then take up the issue of environmental federalism and the large and growing theoretical literature that addresses the competitive "race to the bottom." The paper concludes with a brief look at the evolution of environmental policy and finds that economics has come to play a growing role both in the setting of standards for environmental quality and in the design of regulatory measures.
Geometric phase for SU(N) through fiber bundles and unitary integration
Creators: name: Uskov, D. B.
name: Rau, A. R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Geometric phases are important in quantum physics and now central to fault tolerant quantum computation. For spin-1/2 and SU(2), the Bloch sphere $S^2$, together with a U(1) phase, provides a complete SU(2) description. We generalize to $N$-level systems and SU($N$) in terms of a $2(N-1)$-dimensional base space and reduction to a ($N$-1)-level problem, paralleling closely the two-dimensional case. This iteratively solves the time evolution of an $N$-level system and gives ($N$-1) geometric phases explicitly. A complete analytical construction of a S^4 Bloch-like sphere for two qubits is given for the Spin(5) or SO(5) subgroup of SU(4).
description: 4 pages. Following referee reports in April 2006, stylistic changes made throughout and a specific application added at the end