cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Causes of Household Food Insecurity in Koredegaga Peasant Association, Oromiya Zone, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Kidane, Habtom
name: Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta
name: Kundhlande, Godfrey
name: Kidane, Habtom
name: Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta
name: Kundhlande, Godfrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The main objective of the study is to examine the determinants of households' food security using a logistic regression procedure. Initially the model was fitted with eleven factors of which six were found to be significant and all had the expected signs. These include farm land size, ox ownership, fertilizer application, education level of household heads, household size, and per capita production. The result obtained was further analyzed to compute partial effects and to conduct simulation studies on significant factors. Analysis of partial effects revealed that an introduction to fertilizer use and an improvement in the educational level of household heads give relatively higher changes in the probably of food security. On the other hand, simulations conducted on the basis of the base category of farmers, representing food secure households, revealed that both educational levels of household heads and fertilizer applications by farmers have relatively high potential to more than double the number of food secure households in the study area following improvements in these factors.
Quantum Phase Space Description of a Cosmological Minimal Massive Bigravity Model
Creators: name: Vera-Hernández, Julio César
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bimetric gravity theories describes gravitational interactions in the presence of an extra spin-2 field. The Hassan-Rosen (HR) nonlinear massive minimal bigravity theory is a ghost-free bimetric theory formulated with respect a flat, dynamical reference metric. In this work the deformation quantization formalism is applied to a HR cosmological model in the minisuperspace. The quantization procedure is performed explicitly for quantum cosmology in the minisuperspace. The Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model with flat metrics is worked out and the computation of the Wigner functions for theHartle-Hawking, Vilenkin and Linde wavefunctions are done numerically and, in the Hartle-Hawking case, also analytically. From the stability analysis in the quantum minisuper phase space it is found an interpretation of the mass of graviton as an emergent cosmological constant and as a measure of the deviation of classical behavior of the Wigner functions. Also, from the Hartle-Hawking case, an interesting relation between the curvature and the mass of graviton in a cusp catastrophe surface is discussed
description: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in General Relativity and Gravitation. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10714-021-02822-2 25 pages, 10 figures
Engineering of spin-lattice relaxation dynamics by digital growth of diluted magnetic semiconductor CdMnTe
Creators: name: Kneip, M. K.
name: Yakovlev, D. R.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Karczewski, G.
name: Wojtowicz, T.
name: Kossut, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The technological concept of "digital alloying" offered by molecular-beam epitaxy is demonstrated to be a very effective tool for tailoring static and dynamic magnetic properties of diluted magnetic semiconductors. Compared to common "disordered alloys" with the same Mn concentration, the spin-lattice relaxation dynamics of magnetic Mn ions has been accelerated by an order of magnitude in (Cd,Mn)Te digital alloys, without any noticeable change in the giant Zeeman spin splitting of excitonic states, i.e. without effect on the static magnetization. The strong sensitivity of the magnetization dynamics to clustering of the Mn ions opens a new degree of freedom for spin engineering.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
The Challenge of Agriculture, Environment and Sustainable Development in Botswana
Creators: name: Acquah, Benjamin K.
name: Acquah, Benjamin K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: One of the objectives of agricultural development in Botswana is the increase of agricultural productivity in both arable and livestock production in order to increase farm incomes and thus help to make agriculture a sustainable activity. This paper looks at the challenges that Botswana faces in meeting this objective while minimizing any land degradation that may accompany the process of increasing agricultural productivity. The prospects of achieving increases in agricultural productivity are also examined in the light of new opportunities in agriculture such as the National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and Dairy Development (NAMPAADD) and the Revised National Policy for Rural Development. The selective use of existing technologies that minimize land degradation in the process of achieving sustainable increases in agricultural productivity and the relevance of socio-economic factors such as marketing and credit in facilitating sustainable increases in agricultural productivity with minimum degradation to the environment are highlighted.
N=4 supersymmetric Eguchi-Hanson sigma model in d=1
Creators: name: Burdik, C.
name: Krivonos, S.
name: Shcherbakov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to construct a supersymmetric mechanics with four supercharges possessing not conformally flat target space. A general idea of constructing such models is presented. A particular case with Eguchi--Hanson target space is investigated in details: we present the standard and quotient approaches to get the Eguchi--Hanson model, demonstrate their equivalence, give a full set of nonlinear constraints, study their properties and give an explicit expression for the target space metric.
description: LaTeX, 9 pages
The Application of Asymmetric Entangled States in Quantum Game
Creators: name: Li, Ye
name: Qin, Gan
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present letter, we propose a more general entangling operator to the quantization of Cournot economic model, in which players can access to a continuous set of strategies. By analyzing the relation between the von Neumann entropy of the entangled state and the total profit of two players precisely, we find that the total profit at the Nash equilibrium always achieves its maximal value as long as the entropy tends to infinity. Moreover, since the asymmetry is introduced in the entangled state, the quantum model shows some kind of "encouraging" and "suppressing" effect in profit functions of different players.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Application of X-ray Pulsar Navigation: A Characterization of the Earth Orbit Trade Space
Creators: name: Yu, Wayne
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Aerospace engineering
subject: Celestial Mechanics
subject: Pulsar
subject: Space Navigation
subject: X-ray Navigation

description: The potential for pulsars as a navigation source has been studied since their discovery in 1967. X-ray pulsar navigation (XNAV) is a celestial navigation system that uses the consistent timing nature of X-ray photons from milli-second pulsars (MSP) to perform space navigation. Much of the challenge of XNAV comes from the faint signal, availability, and distant nature of pulsars. This thesis is the study of pulsar XNAV measurements for extended Kalman filter (EKF) tracking performance within a wide trade space of bounded Earth orbits, using a simulation of existing X-ray detector space hardware. An example of an X-ray detector for XNAV is the NASA Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation (SEXTANT) mission, a technology demonstration of XNAV set to perform on the International Space Station (ISS) in 2016.

The study shows that the closed Earth orbit for XNAV performance is reliant on the orbit semi-major axis and eccentricity as well as orbit inclination. These parameters are the primary drivers of pulsar measurement availability and significantly influence the natural spacecraft orbit dynamics. Sensitivity to initial orbit determination error growth due to the scarcity of XNAV measurements within an orbital period require appropriate timing of initial XNAV measurements. The orbit angles of argument of perigee and right ascension of the ascending node, alongside the other orbit parameters, complete the initial cadence of XNAV measurements. The performance of initial XNAV measurements then propagates throughout the experimental period.
Spin quantum tunneling in single molecular magnets: fingerprints in transport spectroscopy of current and noise
Creators: name: Romeike, C.
name: Wegewijs, M. R.
name: Schoeller, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that transport spectroscopy of single molecular magnets shows signatures of quantum tunneling at low temperatures. We find current and noise oscillations as function of bias voltage due to a weak violation of spin selection rules by quantum tunneling processes. The interplay with Boltzmann suppression factors leads to fake resonances with temperature-dependent position which do not correspond to any charge excitation energy. Furthermore, we find that quantum tunneling can completely suppress transport if the easy-plane anisotropy has a high symmetry.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Unparticle as a particle with arbitrary mass
Creators: name: Nikolic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The unparticle field operator can be expanded in terms of creation and destruction operators corresponding to particles with a continuous mass spectrum. Hence, when the 4-momentum of an unparticle is measured, then the unparticle manifests as an ordinary particle with a definite (but arbitrary) mass.
description: 5 pages, revised, to appear in Mod. Phys. Lett. A
Hübner, Friedrich: Volkskirche im Feuer ökumenischer Kritik
Creators: name: Müller-Römheld, Walter
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 26 Nr. 1 (1977): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 26, Heft 1
"Which comes first": Religious/spiritual engagement or health? Initial observations from longitudinal analyses
Creators: name: Ironson, Gail
name: Goodman, Zachary T.
name: Ahmad, Salman Shaheen
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2022

description: Hypothesis 2.5 from Landmark Spirituality and Health Survey Follow Up (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/TS92Q): R/S will predict change in health over time and change in health over time will predict changes in R/S over time within an integrated model.
Learning and planning in structured worlds
Creators: name: Dearden, Richard W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is concerned with the problem of how to make decisions in an uncertain world. We use a model of uncertainty based on Markov decision problems, and develop a number of algorithms for decision-making both for the planning problem, in which the model is known in advance, and for the reinforcement learning problem in which the decision-making agent does not know the model and must learn to make good decisions by trial and error. The basis for much of this work is the use of structural representations of problems. If a problem is represented in a structured way we can compute or learn plans that take advantage of this structure for computational gains. This is because the structure allows us to perform abstraction. Rather than reasoning about each situation in which a decision must be made individually, abstraction allows us to group situations together and reason about a whole set of them in a single step. Our approach to abstraction has the additional advantage that we can dynamically change the level of abstraction, splitting a group of situations in two if they need to be reasoned about separately to find an acceptable plan, or merging two groups together if they no longer need to be distinguished. We present two planning algorithms and one learning algorithm that use this approach. A second idea we present in this thesis is a novel approach to the exploration problem in reinforcement learning. The problem is to select actions to perform given that we would like good performance now and in the future. We can select the current best action to perform, but this may prevent us from discovering that another action is better, or we can take an exploratory action, but we risk performing poorly now as a result. Our Bayesian approach makes this tradeoff explicit by representing our uncertainty about the values of states and using this measure of uncertainty to estimate the value of the information we could gain by performing each action. We present both model-free and model-based reinforcement learning algorithms that make use of this exploration technique. Finally, we show how these ideas fit together to produce a reinforcement learning algorithm that uses structure to represent both the problem being solved and the plan it learns, and that selects actions to perform in order to learn using our Bayesian approach to exploration.
A Decade Survey of Content Based Image Retrieval using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Dubey, Shiv Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The content based image retrieval aims to find the similar images from a large scale dataset against a query image. Generally, the similarity between the representative features of the query image and dataset images is used to rank the images for retrieval. In early days, various hand designed feature descriptors have been investigated based on the visual cues such as color, texture, shape, etc. that represent the images. However, the deep learning has emerged as a dominating alternative of hand-designed feature engineering from a decade. It learns the features automatically from the data. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of deep learning based developments in the past decade for content based image retrieval. The categorization of existing state-of-the-art methods from different perspectives is also performed for greater understanding of the progress. The taxonomy used in this survey covers different supervision, different networks, different descriptor type and different retrieval type. A performance analysis is also performed using the state-of-the-art methods. The insights are also presented for the benefit of the researchers to observe the progress and to make the best choices. The survey presented in this paper will help in further research progress in image retrieval using deep learning.
description: Published by IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Ex-Ante Evaluation of Nutrition and Health Benefits of Biofortified Cassava Roots in Nigeria: The Dalys Approach
Creators: name: Manyong, Victor M.
name: Bamire, A.S.
name: Sanusi, I.O.
name: Awotide, D.O.
name: Manyong, Victor M.
name: Bamire, A.S.
name: Sanusi, I.O.
name: Awotide, D.O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Cassava
subject: Biofortification
subject: DALYs
subject: Economics
subject: Health
subject: Nigeria

description: Cassava is a major staple that supplies more than 50% of daily energy to more than 200 million persons in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Cassava roots are known to be low in micronutrients such as vitamin A, iron, and zinc. Micronutrient deficiencies threaten the lives of millions of poor households and those located in remote rural areas of SSA often not targeted by fortification programmes. This paper presents results from an ex-ante evaluation of nutrition and health benefits of increased vitamin A status of cassava roots through biofortification for at-risk-target-groups using the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) approach. Results showed that Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) causes an annual loss of about 553,000 years of healthy life in Nigeria with children constituting more than forty percent. Biofortified cassava would reduce VAD by 4.42%, 11.73%, and 3.14% for children, pregnant women, and lactating women respectively in the pessimistic scenario. Results for the optimistic scenario are 28.79%, 76.39, and 20.45% respectively. The biofortification of cassava roots would result in annual gains of about 33,000 years of healthy life and avert 166 child deaths per year for the pessimistic scenario and about 220,000 years life and 1272 child deaths per year for the optimistic scenario. In economic terms, such a programme would bring gains amounting to about $10 million per year, which Biofortification, DALYs, Economics, Health, corresponds to an internal rate of return (IRR) as high as 92.4% in the pessimistic scenario. Results in the optimistic scenario are about $63 million per year and an IRR of 165.3%. A research and development effort aimed at the biofortification of cassava roots is a powerful strategy in the fight against hidden hunger from micronutrient deficiencies, which African governments at the national and local levels, and international investors should support to improve the standard of living of the people in SSA.
Mid-infrared Spitzer spectra of X-ray selected Type 2 QSOs: QSO2s are not ULIRGs
Creators: name: Sturm, E.
name: Hasinger, G.
name: Lehmann, I.
name: Mainieri, V.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Lehnert, M. D.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a spectroscopic study of 7 Type 2 QSOs using the mid-infrared spectrometer IRS on board the Spitzer Space Telescope. These are (to our knowledge) the first mid-IR spectra of X-ray selected QSO2s taken. The objects have been selected according to their high intrinsic luminosities and column densities in the X-rays. Their spectra strongly differ from template spectra of Type 2 AGN at lower luminosities. They do not exhibit strong PAH dust emission features from circum-nuclear star forming regions, typical for lower luminosity Type 2 Seyfert galaxies or other previously used QSO2 templates, such as the (Ultra)luminous Infrared Galaxy ((U)LIRG) NGC 6240. They also do not show the ice and silicate absorption features of highly luminous but deeply embedded compact nuclei seen in some ULIRGs. Instead they reveal a relatively featureless, rising continuum similar to luminous Type 1 AGN. We also find evidence for a 10 micron silicate feature in emission. Models of dusty tori in the AGN unification scenario predict this only for Type 1 AGN. The ratio of the AGN continuum luminosity at 6 micron to the absorption corrected 2-10keV X-ray AGN luminosity is very similar to that found in Seyfert galaxies. X-ray selected QSO2s are thus characterized by powerful AGN in hosts with a luminosity due to star formation < 1e11 L_sol. The dominance of the AGN light in the mid-IR spectra of QSO2s together with their flatter spectral energy distributions (SEDs) places important constraints on models of the cosmic infrared background and of the star formation history of the universe.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 15 pages, including 4 eps figures
$\mathcal{N}=7$ On-Shell Diagrams and Supergravity Amplitudes in Momentum Twistor Space
Creators: name: Armstrong, Connor
name: Farrow, Joseph A.
name: Lipstein, Arthur E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an on-shell diagram recursion for tree-level scattering amplitudes in $\mathcal{N}=7$ supergravity. The diagrams are evaluated in terms of Grassmannian integrals and momentum twistors, generalising previous results of Hodges in momentum twistor space to non-MHV amplitudes. In particular, we recast five and six-point NMHV amplitudes in terms of $\mathcal{N}=7$ R-invariants analogous to those of $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills, which makes cancellation of spurious poles more transparent. Above 5-points, this requires defining momentum twistors with respect to different orderings of the external momenta.
description: v2. minor changes, published in JHEP
Software Crash Study
Creators: name: Zhang, Yantao
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer engineering
subject: Computer science
subject: Association Rule Mining
subject: Crash
subject: Software

description: With the development of personal computers, the user experience has become a vital part of every day work and life of the majority of people on the planet. Hardware components are usually preconfigured and most people tend not to tune them. However, the software environments change much more often because of the configuration by users, the upgrading by vendors and the attacks by hackers. All of those activities can be a factor in the stability of software. In this work, by analyzing a sample of 600,000 machine weeks and around 16,000 applications used on them, we try to derive the relationship between the software environment and the crashes of software. We mainly used association rule mining and analyzed our data on Spark. We also examined the predictability of crashes using the association rules and the difference of predictability between different versions of a same application.
Rhacophorus smaragdinus
Creators: name: Ohler, Annemarie
name: Deuti, Kaushik
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Rhacophoridae
Rhacophorus
Rhacophorus smaragdinus

description: Rhacophorus smaragdinus (Blyth, 1852)
 Polypedates smaragdinus Blyth, 1852: 355. Lectophoront (lectotype) by present designation, ZSI 10282, adult female. Onymotope (type locality): Naga Hills, Nagaland, India.
 Other original symphoronts (paralectotypes): ZSI 10283–10285, three adult males (identified as Rhacophorus bipunctatus Ahl, 1927).
 Rhacophorus maximus Günther, 1858: 325. Symphoronts (syntypes), BMNH 1947.2.8.30–33 (ex. 1843.7.21.59, 1858.8.21.2–4), 4 adult males. Onymotope: Afghanistan (in error), probably North-East India; Nepal.
 Rhacophorus gigas Jerdon 1870: 84. Symphoronts (syntypes), including ZSI 10300. Onymotope: Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India.
description: Published as part of Ohler, Annemarie & Deuti, Kaushik, 2018, Polypedates smaragdinus Blyth, 1852 - a senior subjective synonym of Rhacophorus maximus Günther, 1858, pp. 273-280 in Zootaxa 4375 (2) on pages 278-279, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/1158450
Farmer Perception of Technology and its Impact on Technology Uptake: The Case of Fodder Legume in Central Kenya Highlands.
Creators: name: Sinja, Judith
name: Karugia, Joseph Thuo
name: Baltenweck, Isabelle
name: Waithaka, Michael M.
name: Miano, M.D.
name: Nyikal, Rose Adhiambo
name: Romney, D.
name: Sinja, Judith
name: Karugia, Joseph Thuo
name: Baltenweck, Isabelle
name: Waithaka, Michael M.
name: Miano, M.D.
name: Nyikal, Rose Adhiambo
name: Romney, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Technology adoption by farmers is crucial to increasing agricultural productivity hence meeting food and nutrition challenges in Africa. Economists investigating consumer demand have accumulated considerable evidence showing that consumers generally have subjective preferences for product attributes. However, when investigating adoption of new agricultural technologies, economists have lagged behind in analysing how farmers' (the consumer of agricultural technologies) subjective perceptions of technology characteristics affect their adoption decisions. Focusing on farmer perceptions of technologies may provide a better understanding of technology adoption since they deal with the technologies and probably perceive technologies differently from researchers and extension agents. The objective of this paper is to investigate farmers' perception of technology and its impact on adoption using a case study of legume forages in central Kenya highlands. Data from a random sample of 131 farm households in four districts in central Kenya was used. Using participatory techniques, four most important fodder legume attributes to farmers in their adoption decision were identified. These were then used in conjoint analysis. An ordered probit model was estimated to assess relative importance of each attribute to the farmer. A tobit model was also estimated to show the effect of farmers' perception of calliandra and desmodium on probability and intensity of adoption. Results showed that dry season tolerance and economy on land are most important characteristics of fodder legumes to the farmers. It was also found that Calliandra and desmodium were more relevant to the farmers in the area than other fodders. Farmers' perception of the two fodders had a significant impact on their adoption. Consequently, it was recommended that before introducing a technology in an area, it is necessary that the farmers' perception of the technology be analysed Conjoint analysis, ordered probit and tobit estimates, fodder legume adoption.
Scenario-based Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Building Heating Systems
Creators: name: Pippia, Tomas
name: Lago, Jesus
name: De Coninck, Roel
name: De Schutter, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: State-of-the-art Model Predictive Control (MPC) applications for building heating adopt either a deterministic controller together with a nonlinear model or a linearized model with a stochastic MPC controller. However, deterministic MPC only considers one single realization of the disturbances and its performance strongly depends on the quality of the forecast of the disturbances, which can lead to low performance. In fact, inadequate building energy management can lead to high energy costs and CO$_2$ emissions. On the other hand, a linearized model can fail to capture some dynamics and behavior of the building under control. In this article, we combine a stochastic scenario-based MPC (SBMPC) controller together with a nonlinear Modelica model that is able to provide a richer building description and to capture the dynamics of the building more accurately than linear models. The adopted SBMPC controller considers multiple realizations of the external disturbances obtained through a statistically accurate model, so as to consider different possible disturbance evolutions and to robustify the control action. To this purpose, we present a scenario generation method for building temperature control that can be applied to several exogenous perturbations, e.g.\ solar irradiance, outside temperature, and that satisfies several important stastistical properties, in contrast with simpler and less accurate methods adopted in the literature. We show the benefits of our proposed approach through several simulations in which we compare our method against the standard ones from the literature, for several combinations of a trade-off parameter between comfort and energy cost. We show how our SBMPC controller approach outperforms the standard controllers available in the literature.
A Comprehensive Reanalysis of $\textit{Spitzer}$'s 4.5 $μ$m Phase Curves, and the Phase Variations of the Ultra-hot Jupiters MASCARA-1b and KELT-16b
Creators: name: Bell, Taylor J.
name: Dang, Lisa
name: Cowan, Nicolas B.
name: Bean, Jacob
name: Désert, Jean-Michel
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Keating, Dylan
name: Kempton, Eliza
name: Kreidberg, Laura
name: Line, Michael R.
name: Mansfield, Megan
name: Parmentier, Vivien
name: Stevenson, Kevin B.
name: Swain, Mark
name: Zellem, Robert T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an open-source pipeline for the analysis of \textit{Spitzer}/IRAC channel 1 and 2 time-series photometry, incorporating some of the most popular decorrelation methods. We applied this pipeline to new phase curve observations of ultra-hot Jupiters MASCARA-1b and KELT-16b, and we performed the first comprehensive reanalysis of 15 phase curves. We find that MASCARA-1b and KELT-16b have phase offsets of $6^{+11}_{-11}~^{\circ}$W and $38^{+16}_{-15}~^{\circ}$W, dayside temperatures of $2952^{+100}_{-97}$ K and $3070^{+160}_{-150}$ K, and nightside temperatures of $1300^{+340}_{-340}$ K and $1900^{+430}_{-440}$ K, respectively. We confirm a strong correlation between dayside and irradiation temperatures with a shallower dependency for nightside temperature. We also find evidence that the normalized phase curve amplitude (peak-to-trough divided by eclipse depth) is correlated with stellar effective temperature. In addition, while our different models often retrieve similar parameters, significant differences occasionally arise between them, as well as between our preferred model and the literature values. Nevertheless, our preferred models are consistent with published phase offsets to within $-8\pm21$ degrees ($-1.6\pm3.2$ sigma), and normalized phase curve amplitudes are on average reproduced to within $-0.01\pm0.24$ ($-0.1\pm1.6$ sigma). Finally, we find that BLISS performs best in most cases, but not all; we therefore recommend future analyses consider numerous detector models to ensure an optimal fit and to assess model dependencies.
description: Resubmitted to MNRAS after revision on February 25, 2021, originally submitted to MNRAS on October 1, 2020. 20 pages, 12 figures, and 5 tables. 3 pages of appendix, 16 pages of supplementary information
Understanding Food Label Use by College Students
Creators: name: Rouhani, Ayma Martha
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: College students
subject: Food labels

description: Researchers have found food labels can be used to promote healthier food choices leading to improved nutrition and decreased risk of chronic disease (Silverglade and Heller, 2010 Drichoutis, Lazaridis, and Nayga, 2006; Kim, Nayga and Capps, 2000; Taylor and Wilkening, 2008; Todd and Variyam, 2008). However, the actual use of food labels by the public must increase (Grunert and Wills, 2007; Ollberding, Wolf, Contento, 2011). One age group important to focus on when promoting label use is college students, given: 1) their overall poor nutrition, 2) that many are making independent decisions about what foods to purchase and eat for the first time (Deshpande, D. Basil, and Z. Basil, 2009; Marietta, Welshimer, and Long Andersons, 1999; Misra, 2007), and 3) they are in the process of establishing lifelong eating habits (Deshpande, D. Basil, and Z. Basil, 2009; Marietta et al., 1999). In this study, in-depth interviews (N=15) were conducted with college students to qualitatively explore reasons why they used or did not use food labels, factors that motivated or inhibited food label use and perceptions regarding the Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) new proposed food label. Theoretical constructs (social norms, decisional balance, self-efficacy) were used to inform interview items and the data analysis plan. An inductive data analysis approach was used to identify recurring and salient themes and subthemes to draw conclusions about college students’ perceptions related to food label use. The two most salient themes that emerged were issues related to self-efficacy in terms of understanding the current food label, and negative social norms around using food labels. Reactions and perceptions regarding the new food label were positive overall, particularly with the new serving size and percent daily value format. Overall, this study found that among college students there is a need to promote more favorable attitudes towards food labels, address negative social norms, and equip these students with knowledge and tools to better understand and interpret food labels, promoting self-efficacy.
Modeling and searching for a stochastic gravitational-wave background from ultralight vector bosons
Creators: name: Tsukada, Leo
name: Brito, Richard
name: East, William E.
name: Siemonsen, Nils
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultralight bosons, which are predicted in a variety of beyond-Standard-Model scenarios as dark-matter candidates, can trigger the superradiant instability around spinning black holes. This instability gives rise to oscillating boson condensates which then dissipate through the emission of nearly monochromatic gravitational waves. Such systems are promising sources for current and future gravitational-wave detectors. In this work, we consider minimally-coupled, massive vector bosons, which can produce a significantly stronger gravitational-wave signal compared to the scalar case. We adopt recently obtained numerical results for the gravitational-wave flux, and astrophysical models of black hole populations that include both isolated black holes and binary merger remnants, to compute and study in detail the stochastic gravitational-wave background emitted by these sources. Using a Bayesian framework, we search for such a background signal emitted using data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO. We find no evidence for such a signal. Therefore, the results allow us to constrain minimally coupled vector fields with masses in the range $0.8\times10^{-13}\mathrm{eV}\leq m_b\leq 6.0\times10^{-13}\mathrm{eV}$ at 95% credibility, assuming optimistically that the dimensionless spin distribution for the isolated black hole population is uniform in the range $[0,1]$. With more pessimistic assumptions, a narrower range around $m_b\approx 10^{-13}\mathrm{eV}$ can still be excluded as long as the upper end of the uniform distribution for dimensionless black hole spin is $\gtrsim 0.2$.
description: 17pages, 9 figures. Matches version published in Physical Review D
Governance and Environmental Policy Integration in Europe: What Can we learn from the EU Emission Trading Scheme?
Creators: name: Sgobbi, Alessandra
name: Buchner, Barbara K.
name: Catenacci, Michela
name: Sgobbi, Alessandra
name: Buchner, Barbara K.
name: Catenacci, Michela
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Policy Integration
subject: Climate Change
subject: Emission Trading
subject: EU Policy

description: The European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is a landmark environmental policy, representing the world's first large-scale greenhouse gas (GHG) trading program. The coexistence of state actors and top-down processes with stakeholders participation and flexible abatement strategies make the EU ETS a powerful instrument of cross sectoral integration of environmental concerns, which benefits from a high level of interaction among the actors involved and a significant degree of information exchange. However, the same peculiarities of the system make it difficult to identify a correspondence with a single mode of governance. The EU ETS shows characteristics of the decision making processes and institutions engaged, the tools and instruments used as well as the actors involved, which change according to the different levels of governance, and belong both to the old and to the new modes of governance. The emission trading scheme represents a clear example of Multi-Level governance, where the different modes of governance interact among them and affect each other.
Modeling Linkages Between Climate Policy and Land Use: An Overview
Creators: name: Van Der Werf, Edwin
name: Peterson, Sonja
name: Van Der Werf, Edwin
name: Peterson, Sonja
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Climate Change
subject: Climate Policy
subject: Modeling
subject: Land Use

description: Agriculture and forestry play an important role in emitting and storing greenhouse gases. For an efficient and cost-effective climate policy it is therefore important to explicitly include land use, land use change, and forestry (LULUCF) in economy-climate models. This paper gives an overview and assessment of existing approaches to include land use, land-use change, and forestry into climate-economy models or to link economy-climate models to land-use models.
Improved Combinatorial Group Testing Algorithms for Real-World Problem Sizes
Creators: name: Eppstein, David
name: Goodrich, Michael T.
name: Hirschberg, Daniel S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: We study practically efficient methods for performing combinatorial group testing. We present efficient non-adaptive and two-stage combinatorial group testing algorithms, which identify the at most d items out of a given set of n items that are defective, using fewer tests for all practical set sizes. For example, our two-stage algorithm matches the information theoretic lower bound for the number of tests in a combinatorial group testing regimen.
description: 18 pages; an abbreviated version of this paper is to appear at the 9th Worksh. Algorithms and Data Structures
Addendum to "Strong cosmic censorship: The nonlinear story"
Creators: name: Luna, Raimon
name: Zilhão, Miguel
name: Cardoso, Vitor
name: Costa, João L.
name: Natário, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We clarify a number of issues that arise when extending the analysis of Strong Cosmic Censorship (SCC) to perturbations of highly charged Reissner-Nordström de Sitter (RNdS) spacetimes. The linear stability of the Cauchy horizon can be determined from the spectral gap of quasinormal modes, thus giving a clear idea of the ranges of parameters that are likely to lead to SCC violations for infinitesimally small perturbations. However, the situation becomes much more subtle once nonlinear backreaction is taken into account. These subtleties have created a considerable amount of confusion in the literature regarding the conclusions one is able to derive about SCC from the available numerical simulations. Here we present new numerical results concerning charged self-gravitating scalar fields in spherical symmetry, correct some previous claims concerning the neutral case, and argue that the existing numerical codes are insufficient to draw conclusions about the potential failure of SCC for near extremal RNdS black hole spacetimes.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Updates title to match published version
The Environmental Kuznets Curve in a World of Irreversibility
Creators: name: Prieur, Fabien
name: Prieur, Fabien
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Overlapping Generations
subject: Irreversible Pollution
subject: Poverty Trap
subject: Environmental Kuznets Curve

description: We develop an overlapping generations model where consumption is the source of polluting emissions. Pollution stock accumulates with emissions but is partially assimilated by nature at each period. The assimilation capacity of nature is limited and vanishes beyond a critical level of pollution. We first show that multiple equilibria exist. More importantly, some exhibit irreversible pollution levels although an abatement activity is operative. Thus, the simple engagement of maintenance does not necessarily suffice to protect an economy against convergence toward a steady state having the properties of an ecological and economic poverty trap. In contrast with earlier related studies, the emergence of the environmental Kuznets curve is no longer the rule. Instead, we detect a sort of degenerated Environmental Kuznets Curve that corresponds to the equilibrium trajectory leading to the irreversible solution.
Device-independent quantum key distribution from generalized CHSH inequalities
Creators: name: Sekatski, P.
name: Bancal, J. -D.
name: Valcarce, X.
name: Tan, E. Y. -Z.
name: Renner, R.
name: Sangouard, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Device-independent quantum key distribution aims at providing security guarantees even when using largely uncharacterised devices. In the simplest scenario, these guarantees are derived from the CHSH score, which is a simple linear combination of four correlation functions. We here derive a security proof from a generalisation of the CHSH score, which effectively takes into account the individual values of two correlation functions. We show that this additional information, which is anyway available in practice, allows one to get higher key rates than with the CHSH score. We discuss the potential advantage of this technique for realistic photonic implementations of device-independent quantum key distribution.
description: 9+12 pages, 3 figures. See also related work from E. Woodhead et al. arXiv:2007.16146
MW and sin^2θ_eff in Split SUSY: present and future expectations
Creators: name: Guasch, Jaume
name: Penaranda, Siannah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the precision electroweak observables MW and sin^2θ_eff and their correlations in the recently proposed Split SUSY model. We compare the results with the Standard Model and Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model predictions, and with present and future experimental accuracies. Present experimental accuracies in (MW, sin^2θ_eff) do not allow constraints to be placed on the Split SUSY parameter space. We find that the shifts in (MW, sin^2θ_eff) induced by Split SUSY can be larger than the anticipated accuracy of the GigaZ option of the International Linear Collider, and that the most sensitive observable is sin^2θ_eff. These large shifts are possible also for large chargino masses in scenarios with small tan(β) =~ 1.
description: LaTeX, 13 pages, 4 figures. Comments added
Variable range cotunneling and conductivity of a granular metal
Creators: name: Feigel'man, M. V.
name: Ioselevich, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Efros-Shklovskii law for the conductivity of granular metals is interpreted as a result of a variable range cotunneling process. The cotunneling between distant resonant grains is predominantly elastic at low T << T_c, while it is inelastic (i.e., accompanied by creation of electron-hole pairs on a string of intermediate non-resonant grains) at T > T_c. The corresponding E-S temperature T_ES in the latter case is slightly (logarithmically) T-dependent. The magnetoresistance in the two cases is different: it may be relatively strong and negative at T much below T_c, while at T>T_c it is suppressed due to inelastic processes which destroy the interference.
description: Submitted to JETP Letters
On International Equity Weights and National Decision Making on Climate Change
Creators: name: Anthoff, David
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Anthoff, David
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Domestic Climate Policy
subject: Social Cost of Carbon
subject: Equity Weights

description: Estimates of the marginal damage costs of carbon dioxide emissions require the aggregation of monetised impacts of climate change over people with different incomes and in different jurisdictions. Implicitly or explicitly, such estimates assume a social welfare function and hence a particular attitude towards equity and justice. We show that previous approaches to equity weighing are inappropriate from a national decision maker's point of view, because domestic impacts are not valued at domestic values. We propose four alternatives (sovereignty, altruism, good neighbour, and compensation) with different views on concern for and liability towards foreigners. The four alternatives imply radically estimates of the social cost of carbon and hence the optimal intensity of climate policy.
AD-DICE: An Implementation of Adaptation in the DICE Mode
Creators: name: De Bruin, Kelly C.
name: Dellink, Rob B.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: De Bruin, Kelly C.
name: Dellink, Rob B.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Integrated Assessment Modelling
subject: Adaptation
subject: Climate Change

description: Integrated Assessment Models (IAMS) have helped us over the past decade to understand the interactions between the environment and the economy in the context of climate change. Although it has also long been recognized that adaptation is a powerful and necessary tool to combat the adverse effects of climate change, most IAMs have not explicitly included the option of adaptation in combating climate change. This paper adds to the IAM and climate change literature by explicitly including adaptation in an IAM, thereby making the trade-offs between adaptation and mitigation visible. Specifically, a theoretical framework is created and used to implement adaptation as a decision variable into the DICE model. We use our new AD-DICE model to derive the adaptation cost functions implicit in the DICE model. In our set-up, adaptation and mitigation decisions are separable and AD-DICE can mimic DICE when adaptation is optimal. We find that our specification of the adaptation costs is robust with respect to the mitigation policy scenarios. Our numerical results show that adaptation is a powerful option to combat climate change, as it reduces most of the potential costs of climate change in earlier periods, while mitigation does so in later periods.
The ultra-cool white dwarf companion of PSR J0751+1807
Creators: name: Bassa, C. G.
name: van Kerkwijk, M. H.
name: Kulkarni, S. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present optical and near-infrared observations with Keck of the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J0751+1807. We detect a faint, red object - with R=25.08+-0.07, B-R=2.5+-0.3, and R-I=0.90+-0.10 - at the celestial position of the pulsar and argue that it is the white dwarf companion of the pulsar. The colours are the reddest among all known white dwarfs, and indicate a very low temperature, Teff~4000 K. This implies that the white dwarf cannot have the relatively thick hydrogen envelope that is expected on evolutionary grounds. Our observations pose two puzzles. First, while the atmosphere was expected to be pure hydrogen, the colours are inconsistent with this composition. Second, given the low temperature, irradiation by the pulsar should be important, but we see no evidence for it. We discuss possible solutions to these puzzles.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in A&A