cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Human Hsp70 and Hsp40 Chaperone Proteins Facilitate Human Papillomavirus-11 E1 Protein Binding to the Origin and Stimulate Cell-free DNA Replication
Creators: name: Cyr, Douglas M.
name: Broker, Thomas R.
name: Liu, Jen Sing
name: Griffith, Jack D.
name: Makhov, Alexander M.
name: Chow, Louise T.
name: Kuc, Shu Ru
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Human papillomavirus replication initiator, the E1 helicase, binds weakly to the origin of DNA replication. Purified human chaperone proteins Hsp70 and Hsp40 (HDJ-1 and HDJ-2) independently and additively enhanced E1 binding to the origin. The interaction between E1 and Hsp70 was transient and required ATP hydrolysis, whereas Hsp40 bound to E1 directly and remained in the complex. A peptide of 20 residues spanning the HPD loop and helix II of the J domain of YDJ-1 also stimulated E1 binding to the origin, alone or in combination with Hsp70 or Hsp40. A mutated peptide (H34Q) had a reduced activity, while an adjacent or an overlapping peptide had no effect. Neither Hsp70 nor the J peptide altered the E1/DNA ratio in the complex. Electron microscopy showed that E1 mainly bound to DNA as a hexamer. In the presence of Hsp40, E1 primarily bound to DNA as a dihexamer. Preincubation of chaperones with viral E1 and template shortened the lag time and increased replication in a cell-free system. Since two helicases are essential for bidirectional replication of human papillomavirus DNA, these results demonstrate that, as in prokaryotes, chaperones play an important role in the assembly of preinitiation complexes on the origin.
Identification of Residues in the Cysteine-rich Domain of Raf-1 That Control Ras Binding and Raf-1 Activity
Creators: name: Campbell, Sharon
name: Cutler Jr., Richard E.
name: Drugan, Jonelle K.
name: Morrison, Deborah K.
name: Winkler, David G.
name: Cooper, Jonathan A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: We have identified mutations in Raf-1 that increase binding to Ras. The mutations were identified making use of three mutant forms of Ras that have reduced Raf-1 binding (Winkler, D. G., Johnson, J. C., Cooper, J. A., and Vojtek, A. B. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24402-24409). One mutation in Raf-1, N64L, suppresses the Ras mutant R41Q but not other Ras mutants, suggesting that this mutation structurally complements the Ras R41Q mutation. Missense substitutions of residues 143 and 144 in the Raf-1 cysteine-rich domain were isolated multiple times. These Raf-1 mutants, R143Q, R143W, and K144E, were general suppressors of three different Ras mutants and had increased interaction with non-mutant Ras. Each was slightly activated relative to wild-type Raf-1 in a transformation assay. In addition, two mutants, R143W and K144E, were active when tested for induction of germinal vesicle breakdown in Xenopus oocytes. Interestingly, all three cysteine-rich domain mutations reduced the ability of the Raf-1 N-terminal regulatory region to inhibit Xenopus oocyte germinal vesicle breakdown induced by the C-terminal catalytic region of Raf-1. We propose that a direct or indirect regulatory interaction between the N- and C-terminal regions of Raf-1 is reduced by the R143W, R143Q, and K144E mutations, thereby increasing access to the Ras-binding regions of Raf-1 and increasing Raf-1 activity.
Identification of sirm , a Novel Insulin-regulated SH3 Binding Protein That Associates with Grb-2 and FYN
Creators: name: Hanash, Carla R.
name: Accili, Domenico
name: Kido, Yoshiaki
name: Imai, Yumi
name: Salvatore, Paola
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: We have previously developed a mouse model of insulin-resistant diabetes by targeted inactivation of the insulin receptor gene. During studies of gene expression in livers of insulin receptor-deficient mice, we identified a novel cDNA, which we have termed sirm (Son of Insulin Receptor Mutant mice). sirm is largely, albeit not exclusively, expressed in insulin-responsive tissues. Insulin is a potent modulator of sirm expression, and sirm mRNA levels correlate with tissue sensitivity to insulin. The product of the sirm gene is a serine/threonine-rich protein with several proline-rich motifs and an NPNY motif, conforming to the consensus sequence recognized by the phosphotyrosine binding domains of insulin receptor substrate and Shc proteins. However, Sirm bears no extended homologies with other known proteins. Based on the sequences of the proline-rich domains, we sought to determine whether Sirm binds to the SH3 domains of FYN and Grb-2. We demonstrate here that Sirm binds to FYN and Grb-2 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and that insulin treatment results in the dissociation of the Sirm.FYN and Sirm.Grb-2 complexes. We also show that Sirm is a substrate for the kinase activity of FYN in vitro. Based on the patterns of expression of sirm, its regulation by insulin, and the interactions with molecules in the insulin signaling pathway, we surmise that Sirm plays a role in modulating tissue sensitivity to insulin.
Identification of Troponin C Antagonists from a Phage-displayed Random Peptide Library
Creators: name: Brandt, Philip W.
name: Kay, Brian K.
name: Pierce, Heather Hanson
name: Lombardo, Christian R.
name: Schachat, Fred
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Affinity purification of a phage-displayed library, expressing random peptide 12-mers at the N terminus of protein III, has identified 10 distinct novel sequences which bind troponin C specifically. The troponin C-selected peptides yield a consensus binding sequence of (V/L)(D/E)XLKXXLXXLA. Sequence comparison revealed as much as a 62.5% similarity between phiT5, the peptide sequence of the phage clone with the highest level of binding to troponin C, and the N-terminal region of troponin I isoforms. Biotinylated peptides corresponding to library-derived sequences and similar sequences from various isoforms of troponin I were synthesized shown to bind troponin C specifically. Alkaline phosphatase fusion proteins of two of the phage clone sequences bound troponin C specifically, and were specifically competed by both library-derived and native troponin I peptides. Measurement of equilibrium dissociation constants of the peptides by surface plasmon resonance yielded dissociation constants for troponin C as low as 0.43 microM for pT5; in contrast, dissociation constants for calmodulin were greater than 6 microM for all peptides studied. Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that pT5 formed a stable complex with troponin C in the presence of calcium. We also found that the pT5 peptide inhibited the maximal calcium-activated tension of rabbit psoas muscle fibers.
On the Capacity of Narrowband PLC Channels
Creators: name: Shlezinger, Nir
name: Dabora, Ron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Power line communications (PLC) is the central communications technology for the realization of smart power grids. As the designated band for smart grid communications is the narrowband (NB) power line channel, NB-PLC has been receiving substantial attention in recent years. Narrowband power line channels are characterized by cyclic short-term variations of the channel transfer function (CTF) and strong noise with periodic statistics. In this work, modeling the CTF as a linear periodically time-varying filter and the noise as an additive cyclostationary Gaussian process, we derive the capacity of discrete-time NB-PLC channels. As part of the capacity derivation, we characterize the capacity achieving transmission scheme, which leads to a practical code construction that approaches capacity. The capacity derived in this work is numerically evaluated for several NB-PLC channel configurations taken from previous works, and the results show that the optimal scheme achieves a substantial rate gain over a previously proposed ad-hoc scheme. This gain is due to optimally accounting for the periodic properties of the channel and the noise.
description: 46 pages, 4 figures. This work was presented in part at the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), June 2015
Identification of Two Domains of the p70 Ku Protein Mediating Dimerization with p80 and DNA Binding
Creators: name: Dong, Xingwen
name: Myung, Kyungjae
name: Reeves, Westley H.
name: Wang, Jingsong
name: Hendrickson, Eric A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The Ku autoantigen is a heterodimer of 70 (p70) and approximately 80 kDa (p80) subunits that is the DNA-binding component of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) complex involved in DNA repair and V(D)J recombination. Binding to DNA ends is critical to the function of DNA-PK, but how Ku interacts with DNA is not completely understood. To define the role of p70 and p80 and their dimerization in DNA binding, heterodimers were assembled by co-expressing the subunits using recombinant baculoviruses. Two p70 dimerization sites, amino acids 1-115 and 430-482, respectively, were identified. Binding of p70 to linear double-stranded DNA could be demonstrated by an immunoprecipitation assay, and required the C-terminal portion (amino acids 430-609), but not interaction with p80. The p70 mutants 1-600, 1-542, 1-115, and 430-600 did not bind DNA efficiently. However, DNA binding of 1-600, 1-542, and 1-115, but not 430-600, was restored by dimerization with p80, indicating that p70 has two DNA binding sites, each partially overlapping one of the dimerization sites. The C-terminal domain can bind DNA by itself, but the N-terminal domain requires dimerization with p80. These observations could be relevant to the multiple functional activities of Ku and explain controversies regarding the role of dimerization in DNA binding.
Intermolecular NH 2 -/Carboxyl-terminal Interactions in Androgen Receptor Dimerization Revealed by Mutations That Cause Androgen Insensitivity
Creators: name: Langley, Elizabeth
name: Kemppainen, Jon A.
name: Wilson, Elizabeth M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Structural alignment of the human androgen receptor dimer was investigated by introducing steroid binding domain mutations that cause partial or complete androgen insensitivity into fusion proteins containing the full-length androgen receptor or the steroid binding domain. Most of the mutants had unchanged apparent equilibrium androgen binding affinity and increased dissociation rates of [3H]methyltrienolone and required increased dihydrotestosterone concentrations for transcriptional activation. In a 2-hybrid protein interaction assay in mammalian cells, the steroid binding domain interacts with an NH2-terminal-DNA binding domain fragment and with the full-length androgen receptor at physiological androgen concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. However, mutations at Val-889 and Arg-752 disrupt the NH2-/carboxyl-terminal interaction when introduced into the steroid binding domain fragment but not when present in the full-length androgen receptor. The N-C bimolecular interaction reduces the dissociation rate of bound androgen and slows the degradation rate of the carboxyl-terminal steroid binding domain fragment. The results suggest that steroid binding domain residues Val-889 and Arg-752 are critical to the NH2-/carboxyl-terminal interaction and that an intermolecular N-C interaction occurs during receptor dimerization that results in an antiparallel arrangement of androgen receptor monomers.
Numerical Relativity as a New Tool for Fundamental Cosmology
Creators: name: Ijjas, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advances in our understanding of the origin, evolution and structure of the universe have long been driven by cosmological perturbation theory, model building and effective field theory. In this review, we introduce numerical relativity as a powerful new complementary tool for fundamental cosmology. To illustrate its power, we discuss applications of numerical relativity to studying the robustness of slow contraction and inflation in homogenizing, isotropizing and flattening the universe beginning from generic unsmooth initial conditions. In particular, we describe how recent numerical relativity studies of slow contraction have revealed a novel, non-linear smoothing mechanism based on ultralocality that challenges the conventional view on what is required to explain the large-scale homogeneity and isotropy of the observable universe.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
EUROSHIP Working Paper No. 22: Individual strategies to overcome shortcomings in Work-Life Balance: Evidence from life-course interviews in seven European countries.
Creators: name: Ibáñez, Zyab
name: León, Margarita
name: Mastripieri, Lara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sociology not elsewhere classified

description: This is a publication in a project`s working papers` series.
Controlling Electronic Structure Through Epitaxial Strain in ZnSe/ZnTe Nano-heterostructures
Creators: name: Yadav, Satyesh Kumar
name: Sharma, Vinit
name: Ramprasad, Rampi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles computations, we study the effect of epitaxial strains on electronic structure variations across ZnSe/ZnTe nano-heterostructures. Epitaxial strains of various types are modeled using pseudomorphic ZnSe/ZnTe heterostructures. We find that a wide range of band gaps (spanning the visible solar spectrum) and band offsets (0-1.5 eV) is accessible across the heterostructures in a controllable manner via reasonable levels of epitaxial strain. In addition to quantum confinement effects, strain in ZnSe/ZnTe heterostructures may thus be viewed as a powerful degree of freedom that can enable the rational design of optoelectronic devices.
Figure S2 from Metabolic rates, climate and macroevolution: a case study using Neogene molluscs
Creators: name: Strotz, Luke C.
name: Saupe, Erin E.
name: Kimmig, Julien
name: Lieberman, Bruce S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Sample-size-based rarefaction (solid line) and extrapolation (dashed lines) of Western Atlantic bivalve and gastropod species richness (q= 0) for each of five separate time bins (early Pliocene, late Pliocene, early Pleistocene, middle Pleistocene, late Pleistocene). Reference sample for each sampling interval is indicated by a solid dot. Shaded areas equal rarefaction confidence intervals. For a fixed sample size, where confidence intervals for Hill number rarefaction/extrapolation do not overlap, significant difference (at a level of 5%) is guaranteed.
Parity effect and single-electron injection for Josephson-junction chains deep in the insulating state
Creators: name: Cedergren, K.
name: Kafanov, S.
name: Smirr, J-L.
name: Cole, J. H.
name: Duty, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have made a systematic investigation of charge transport in 1D chains of Josephson junctions where the characteristic Josephson energy is much less than the single-island Cooper-pair charging energy, $E_\mathrm{J}\ll E_{CP}$. Such chains are deep in the insulating state, where superconducting phase coherence across the chain is absent, and a voltage threshold for conduction is observed at the lowest temperatures. We find that Cooper-pair tunneling in such chains is completely suppressed. Instead, charge transport is dominated by tunneling of single electrons, which is very sensitive to the presence of BCS quasiparticles on the superconducting islands of the chain. Consequently we observe a strong parity effect, where the threshold voltage vanishes sharply at a characteristic parity temperature $T^*$, which is significantly lower than the the critical temperature, $T_c$. A measurable and thermally-activated zero-bias conductance appears above $T^*$, with an activation energy equal to the superconducting gap, confirming the role of thermally-excited quasiparticles. Conduction below $T^*$ and above the voltage threshold occurs via injection of single electrons/holes into the Cooper-pair insulator, forming a non-equilibrium steady state with a significantly enhanced effective temperature. Our results explicitly show that single-electron transport dominates deep in the insulating state of Josephson-junction arrays. This conduction process has mostly been ignored in previous studies of both superconducting junction arrays and granular superconducting films below the superconductor-insulator quantum phase transition.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Gyrification from constrained cortical expansion
Creators: name: Tallinen, Tuomas
name: Chung, Jun Young
name: Biggins, John S.
name: Mahadevan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The exterior of the mammalian brain - the cerebral cortex - has a conserved layered structure whose thickness varies little across species. However, selection pressures over evolutionary time scales have led to cortices that have a large surface area to volume ratio in some organisms, with the result that the brain is strongly convoluted into sulci and gyri. Here we show that the gyrification can arise as a nonlinear consequence of a simple mechanical instability driven by tangential expansion of the gray matter constrained by the white matter. A physical mimic of the process using a layered swelling gel captures the essence of the mechanism, and numerical simulations of the brain treated as a soft solid lead to the formation of cusped sulci and smooth gyri similar to those in the brain. The resulting gyrification patterns are a function of relative cortical expansion and relative thickness (compared with brain size), and are consistent with observations of a wide range of brains, ranging from smooth to highly convoluted. Furthermore, this dependence on two simple geometric parameters that characterize the brain also allows us to qualitatively explain how variations in these parameters lead to anatomical anomalies in such situations as polymicrogyria, pachygyria, and lissencephalia.
Intersectin, a Novel Adaptor Protein with Two Eps15 Homology and Five Src Homology 3 Domains
Creators: name: Hoffman, Noah G.
name: Yamabhai, Montarop
name: Castagnoli, Luisa
name: Kay, Brian K.
name: Cesareni, Gianni
name: McPherson, Peter S.
name: Hardison, Nancy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: We screened a Xenopus laevis oocyte cDNA expression library with a Src homology 3 (SH3) class II peptide ligand and identified a 1270-amino acid-long protein containing two Eps15 homology (EH) domains, a central coiled-coil region, and five SH3 domains. We named this protein Intersectin, because it potentially brings together EH and SH3 domain-binding proteins into a macromolecular complex. The ligand preference of the EH domains were deduced to be asparajine-proline-phenylalanine (NPF) or cyclized NPF (CX1-2NPFXXC), depending on the type of phage-displayed combinatorial peptide library used. Screens of a mouse embryo cDNA library with the EH domains of Intersectin yielded clones for the Rev-associated binding/Rev-interacting protein (RAB/Rip) and two novel proteins, which we named Intersectin-binding proteins (Ibps) 1 and 2. All three proteins contain internal and C-terminal NPF peptide sequences, and Ibp1 and Ibp2 also contain putative clathrin-binding sites. Deletion of the C-terminal sequence, NPFL-COOH, from RAB/Rip eliminated EH domain binding, whereas fusion of the same peptide sequence to glutathione S-transferase generated strong binding to the EH domains of Intersectin. Several experiments support the conclusion that the free carboxylate group contributes to binding of the NPFL motif at the C terminus of RAB/Rip to the EH domains of Intersectin. Finally, affinity selection experiments with the SH3 domains of Intersectin identified two endocytic proteins, dynamin and synaptojanin, as potential interacting proteins. We propose that Intersectin is a component of the endocytic machinery.
Device Performance of Emerging Photovoltaic Materials (Version 4)
Creators: name: Almora, Osbel
name: Cabrera, Carlos I.
name: Erten-Ela, Sule
name: Forberich, Karen
name: Fukuda, Kenjiro
name: Guo, Fei
name: Hauch, Jens
name: Ho-Baillie, Anita W. Y.
name: Jacobsson, T. Jesper
name: Janssen, Rene A. J.
name: Kirchartz, Thomas
name: Loi, Maria A.
name: Mathew, Xavier
name: Mitzi, David B.
name: Nazeeruddin, Mohammad K.
name: Paetzold, Ulrich W.
name: Rand, Barry P.
name: Rau, Uwe
name: Someya, Takao
name: Unger, Eva
name: Vaillant-Roca, Lídice
name: Brabec, Christoph J.
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 050

description: Advanced energy materials 14(4), 2303173 (2024). doi:10.1002/aenm.202303173
description: Following the 3rd release of the “Emerging PV reports”, the best achievements in the performance of emerging photovoltaic (e-PV) devices in diverse e-PV research subjects are summarized, as reported in peer-reviewed articles in academic journals since August 2022. Updated graphs, tables, and analyses are provided with several performance parameters, such as power conversion efficiency, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor, light utilization efficiency, and stability test energy yield. These parameters are presented as a function of the photovoltaic bandgap energy and the average visible transmittance for each technology and application, and are put into perspective using, for example, the detailed balance efficiency limit. The 4th installment of the “Emerging PV reports” discusses the “PV emergence” classification with respect to the “PV technology generations” and “PV research waves” and highlights the latest device performance progress in multijunction and flexible photovoltaics. Additionally, Dale-Scarpulla's plots of efficiency-effort in terms of cumulative academic publication count are also introduced.
description: Published by Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
Figure S1 from Metabolic rates, climate and macroevolution: a case study using Neogene molluscs
Creators: name: Strotz, Luke C.
name: Saupe, Erin E.
name: Kimmig, Julien
name: Lieberman, Bruce S.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Plot of Bspecies versus latitude for Neogene Western Atlantic bivalve and gastropod specimens. R2 for bivalves = 0.0021. R2 for gastropods = 0.0143. These results indicate negligible correlation between BMR and latitude.
Mammalian Mitochondrial Methionyl-tRNA Transformylase from Bovine Liver: PURIFICATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND GENE STRUCTURE
Creators: name: Omori, Akira
name: Ueda, Takuya
name: Kawakami, Makoto
name: Watanabe, Kimitsuna
name: Spremulli, Linda L.
name: Takeuchi, Nono
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The mammalian mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA transformylase (MTFmt) was partially purified 2,200-fold from bovine liver mitochondria using column chromatography. The polypeptide responsible for MTFmt activity was excised from a sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel and the amino acid sequences of several peptides were determined. The cDNA encoding bovine MTFmt was obtained and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature form of MTFmt consists of 357 amino acid residues. This sequence is about 30% identical to the corresponding Escherichia coli and yeast mitochondrial MTFs. Kinetic parameters governing the formylation of various tRNAs were obtained. Bovine MTFmt formylates its homologous mitochondrial methionyl-tRNA and the E. coli initiator methionyl-tRNA (Met-tRNAfMet) with essentially equal efficiency. The E. coli elongator methionyl-tRNA (Met-tRNAmMet) was also formylated although with somewhat less favorable kinetics. These results suggest that the substrate specificity of MTFmt is not as rigid as that of the E. coli MTF which clearly discriminates between the bacterial initiator and elongator Met-tRNAs. These observations are discussed in terms of the presence of a single tRNAMet gene in mammalian mitochondria.
Markedly Reduced Bile Acid Synthesis but Maintained Levels of Cholesterol and Vitamin D Metabolites in Mice with Disrupted Sterol 27-Hydroxylase Gene
Creators: name: Björkhem, Ingemar
name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Eggertsen, Gösta
name: Rosen, Haim
name: Leitersdorf, Eran
name: Triger, Liat
name: Shpizen, Shoshi
name: Reshef, Ayeleth
name: Lippoldt, Andrea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Sterol 27-hydroxylase is important for the degradation of the steroid side chain in conversion of cholesterol into bile acids and has been ascribed a regulatory role in cholesterol homeostasis. Its deficiency causes the autosomal recessive disease cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), characterized by progressive dementia, xanthomatosis, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Mice with a disrupted cyp27 (cyp27(-/-)) had normal plasma levels of cholesterol, retinol, tocopherol, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Excretion of fecal bile acids was decreased (<20% of normal), and formation of bile acids from tritium-labeled 7alpha-hydroxycholesterol was less than 15% of normal. Compensatory up-regulation of hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (9- and 2-3-fold increases in mRNA levels, respectively) was found. No CTX-related pathological abnormalities were observed. In CTX, there is an increased formation of 25-hydroxylated bile alcohols and cholestanol. In bile and feces of the cyp27(-/-) mice only traces of bile alcohols were found, and there was no cholestanol accumulation. It is evident that sterol 27-hydroxylase is more important for bile acid synthesis in mice than in humans. The results do not support the contention that 27-hydroxylated steroids are critical for maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis or levels of vitamin D metabolites in the circulation.
Mutational Analysis of the Roles of Residues in Escherichia coli Elongation Factor Ts in the Interaction with Elongation Factor Tu
Creators: name: Yu, Nan Jun
name: Spremulli, Linda L.
name: Zhang, Yuelin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The crystal structure of the Escherichia coli elongation factor (EF)-Tu.Ts complex indicates that there are extensive contacts between EF-Tu and EF-Ts. To determine the importance of these contacts in the interaction between E. coli EF-Tu and EF-Ts, residues in EF-Ts at the interface of these two proteins were mutated. The binding constants governing the interaction of the resulting EF-Ts variants with E. coli EF-Tu were determined. The effects of these mutations on the ability of EF-Ts to stimulate GDP exchange with EF-Tu.GDP and on its ability to stimulate the activity of EF-Tu in polymerization were tested. The results indicate that Arg-12, Met-19, and Met-20 in the N-terminal domain of EF-Ts and His-147 and Lys-166 and/or His-167 in subdomain C of EF-Ts are crucial in the interaction between EF-Tu and EF-Ts. Lys-23, Val-234, Met-235, and the C-terminal helix h13 are less important. The binding constants of the EF-Ts variants governing their interactions with EF-Tu correlate well with their activities in stimulating GDP exchange with EF-Tu. Mutations prepared in EF-Tu indicate that His-19 and Gln-114 but not Glu-348 in EF-Tu are moderately important for its interaction with EF-Ts.
Bibliometrische Feldabgrenzung in Web of Science und Scopus:  Ein Methodenvergleich anhand des interdisziplinären Feldes Bildungsforschung
Creators: name: Aman, Valeria
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg
Year: 2015

description: Den meisten bibliometrischen Analysen geht eine Abgrenzung des zu untersuchenden Feldes voran. Dabei handelt es sich um eine komplexe Aufgabe für die keine generelle Lösung existiert. Daher wird Feldabgrenzung („field delineation“) als ein eigenständiges Forschungsfeld der Bibliometrie erachtet. Zumeist geschieht die Feldabgrenzung anhand des in der zugrundeliegenden Datenbank implementierten Klassifikationssystems. So sind die in Web of Science indexierten Zeitschriften Themenkategorien zugewiesen. Die als „Makro-Level“ bezeichnete Felddefinition geschieht auf Basis der Zeitschriften, die unter der zutreffenden Kategorie klassifiziert sind. Diese Form der Abgrenzung kommt bei interdisziplinären Feldern wie der Bildungsforschung an ihre Grenzen. Der Aufsatz zeigt zunächst die Probleme der Makro-Level-Abgrenzung in WoS und Scopus anhand der Bildungsforschung auf. Als Alternative wird die von Zitt & Bassecoulard (2006) vorgeschlagene „lex + cite“-Methode angewandt, die sich sowohl lexikalischer als auch zitationsbasierter Merkmale von Publikationen bedient. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die hybride „lex + cite“-Methode in WoS als auch in Scopus zu vergleichbaren abgegrenzten Korpora führt, die in der Sprache des Information Retrievals ein zufriedenstellendes Verhältnis aus Recall und Precision aufweisen.
description: Bibliometrie - Praxis und Forschung, Bd. 3 (2014)
Supplementary figures and tables from Regional climate and local-scale biotic acceptance explain native–exotic richness relationships in Australian annual plant communities.
Creators: name: Isaac. R. Towers
name: John. M. Dwyer
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Figure S1, S2, S3 and Table S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6
Effectiveness of the use of simulation training in healthcare education
Creators: name: Alinier, Guillaume
Publisher: name: University of Hertfordshire
Year: 2013
Subjects: simulation
training
healthcare
clinical simulation
experiental learning
scenarios
nursing education
interprofessional education
patient simulation

description: The focus of the research programme within this thesis is an investigation of scenario-based simulation training in undergraduate healthcare education. The aim of the main study was to determine the effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation training with adult branch nursing students. Their acquisition of knowledge and skills was tested using a 15-station Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) pre- and post- the simulation intervention with randomised control and experimental groups of volunteer students. The results show that simulation training is an effective learning method as students from the experimental group, who were given the opportunity to observe and take part in high-fidelity simulation training followed by debriefing, made significantly higher improvements between their two OSCE performances than students from the control group. The second study focused on interprofessional learning with a randomised control group investigation of the students’ knowledge of the roles and skills of other healthcare professions involved in the same simulation session. The results demonstrate that observing and taking part in multidisciplinary scenarios and their debriefings contributed to the students’ acquisition of knowledge about the roles and skills of other health professionals. The study also showed that students’ perception of multidisciplinary team working was significantly influenced by whether or not they had experienced interprofessional high-fidelity scenario-based simulation training. The main original themes emerging from the research work presented in this thesis comprise the implementation of high-fidelity scenario-based simulation training and debriefing with undergraduate students from a range of healthcare disciplines and the objective measure of the effectiveness of such learning opportunities. This work has now started to impact on simulation practice in undergraduate education within the University and beyond
An Upper Bound on Neutron Star Masses from Models of Short Gamma-ray Bursts
Creators: name: Lawrence, Scott
name: Tervala, Justin G.
name: Bedaque, Paulo F.
name: Miller, M. Coleman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of two neutron stars with gravitational masses $\approx 2~M_\odot$ has placed a strong lower limit on the maximum mass of nonrotating neutron stars, and with it a strong constraint on the properties of cold matter beyond nuclear density. Current upper mass limits are much looser. Here we note that, if most short gamma-ray bursts are produced by the coalescence of two neutron stars, and if the merger remnant collapses quickly, then the upper mass limit is constrained tightly. If the rotation of the merger remnant is limited only by mass-shedding (which seems probable based on numerical studies), then the maximum gravitational mass of a nonrotating neutron star is $\approx 2-2.2~M_\odot$ if the masses of neutron stars that coalesce to produce gamma-ray bursts are in the range seen in Galactic double neutron star systems. These limits would be increased by $\sim 4$% in the probably unrealistic case that the remnants rotate at $\sim 30$% below mass-shedding, and by $\sim 15$% in the extreme case that the remnants do not rotate at all. Future coincident detection of short gamma-ray bursts with gravitational waves will strengthen these arguments because they will produce tight bounds on the masses of the components for individual events. If these limits are accurate then a reasonable fraction of double neutron star mergers might not produce gamma-ray bursts. In that case, or in the case that many short bursts are produced instead by the mergers of neutron stars with black holes, the implied rate of gravitational wave detections will be increased.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure, accepted by The Astrophysical Journal
p53 Transactivation of the HIV-1 Long Terminal Repeat Is Blocked by PD 144795, a Calcineurin-Inhibitor with Anti-HIV Properties
Creators: name: Carballo, Modesto
name: Marquez, Gracia
name: Baldwin, Albert S.
name: Sobrino, Francisco
name: Hunt III, Stephen W.
name: Youngblood, Geri L.
name: Gualberto, Antonio
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Previous reports have indicated that benzothiophenes exhibit broad anti-inflammatory properties and inhibit human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) replication. We show that the immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA) and benzothiophene-2-carboxamide, 5-methoxy-3-(1-methyl ethoxy)-1-oxide (PD 144795) block the induction of p53 and NF-kappaB binding to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) by the T cell receptor activator phytohemagglutinin. CsA and PD 144795 also inhibit the induction by phytohemagglutinin of the transcription mediated by an HIV-1 LTR fragment containing the p53 and NF-kappaB sites. These effects of PD 144795 on HIV-1 transcription correlate with its ability to inhibit the phosphatase activity of calcineurin and are similar to those previously described for CsA. Moreover, a constitutive active form of calcineurin is able to induce expression from the HIV-1 LTR in a p53- and NF-kappaB-dependent manner and PD 144795 is able to block this induction. These results demonstrate that the DNA binding of p53 to the HIV-1 LTR can be modulated by calcineurin and provide a framework to understand the anti-HIV properties of benzothiophene derivatives.
(1943) Jane Tarbotton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(1944) Thomas Lishman
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Menggunakan Mendeley Sebagai Aplikasi Sitasi dan Reference Manager
Creators: name: Hananto, April Lia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: mendeley, aplikasi referensi, sitasi

description: Menggunakan Mendeley sebagai Aplikasi sitasi dan referensi Manager dengan menggunakan plugin di MS Word dan Web Browser memudahkan pengelolaan referensi
Heavy quark bound states in a quark-gluon plasma: dissociation and recombination
Creators: name: Blaizot, Jean-Paul
name: De Boni, Davide
name: Faccioli, Pietro
name: Garberoglio, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comprehensive approach to the dynamics of heavy quarks in a quark gluon plasma, including the possibility of bound state formation and dissociation. In this exploratory paper, we restrict ourselves to the case of an Abelian plasma, but the extension of the techniques used to the non Abelian case is straightforward. A chain of well defined approximations leads eventually to a generalized Langevin equation, where the force and the noise terms are determined from a correlation function of the equilibrium plasma, and depend explicitly on the configuration of the heavy quarks. We solve the Langevin equation for various initial conditions, various numbers of heavy quark-antiquark pairs, and various temperatures of the plasma. Results of simulations illustrate various expected phenomena: dissociation of bound states as a result of combined effects of screening of the potential and collisions with the plasma constituent, formation of bound pairs (recombination) that occurs when enough heavy quarks are present in the system.
Paclitaxel (Taxol)-induced Gene Expression and Cell Death Are Both Mediated by the Activation of c-Jun NH 2 -terminal Kinase (JNK/SAPK)
Creators: name: Ting, Jenny P.Y.
name: Templeton, Dennis J.
name: Li, Guoxuan
name: Lee, Li Fen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Paclitaxel (Taxol) is a novel anti-cancer drug that has shown efficacy toward several malignant tumors, particularly ovarian tumors. We reported previously that paclitaxel can induce interleukin (IL)-8 promoter activation in subgroups of ovarian cancer through the activation of both AP-1 and nuclear factor kappaB. Further analysis of paclitaxel analogs indicates that the degree of IL-8 induction by analysis correlates with the extent of cell death; however, IL-8 itself is not the cause of cell death. This suggests that pathways that lead to IL-8 and cell death may overlap, although IL-8 per se does not kill tumor cells. To decipher the upstream signals for paclitaxel-induced transcriptional activation and cell death, we studied the involvement of protein kinases that lead to the activation of AP-1, specifically the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK1), p38, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1). The role of IkappaB in paclitaxel-induced cell death was also analyzed. Paclitaxel activated JNK, and to a lesser degree p38, but not ERK1. Paclitaxel-induced IL-8 promoter activation was inhibited by dominant-inhibitory mutants of JNK, p38, and the super-repressor form of IkappaBalpha, but not by dominant-inhibitory forms of ERK1. Dominant-inhibitory mutants of JNK1 also greatly reduced paclitaxel-induced cell death, and the kinetics of JNK induction was closely followed by DNA fragmentation. These results indicate (i) that paclitaxel activates the JNK signaling pathway and (ii) that JNK activation is a common point of paclitaxel-induced gene induction and cell death.
(1940) George Hobson Bainbridge
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Il sistema di catalogazione del Warburg Institute (1935)
Creators: name: Edgar Wind, Giulia Zanon
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2023
Subjects: Warburg Library
Warburg Institute
Classification
Edgar Wind

description: In this contribution, first published in “The Library Association Record” in 1935, Edgar Wind briefly explains the system of classification used in the Warburg Library, listing its merits and the issues that new fields of study will bring to it.
Lepton Jets from Radiating Dark Matter
Creators: name: Buschmann, Malte
name: Kopp, Joachim
name: Liu, Jia
name: Machado, Pedro A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea that dark matter forms part of a larger dark sector is very intriguing, given the high degree of complexity of the visible sector. In this paper, we discuss lepton jets as a promising signature of an extended dark sector. As a simple toy model, we consider an $\mathcal{O}(\text{GeV})$ DM fermion coupled to a new $U(1)'$ gauge boson (dark photon) with a mass of order GeV and kinetically mixed with the Standard Model photon. Dark matter production at the LHC in this model is typically accompanied by collinear radiation of dark photons whose decay products can form lepton jets. We analyze the dynamics of collinear dark photon emission both analytically and numerically. In particular, we derive the dark photon energy spectrum using recursive analytic expressions, using Monte Carlo simulations in Pythia, and using an inverse Mellin transform to obtain the spectrum from its moments. In the second part of the paper, we simulate the expected lepton jet signatures from radiating dark matter at the LHC, carefully taking into account the various dark photon decay modes and allowing for both prompt and displaced decays. Using these simulations, we recast two existing ATLAS lepton jet searches to significantly restrict the parameter space of extended dark sector models, and we compute the expected sensitivity of future LHC searches.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. v2: References added, matches version to be published in JHEP
Details on the odour collection from The scent of attractiveness: levels of reproductive hormones explain individual differences in women's body odour.
Creators: name: Lobmaier, Janek S.
name: Fischbacher, Urs
name: Wirthmüller, Urs
name: Knoch, Daria
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Individuals are thought to have their own distinctive body odour which reportedly plays an important role in mate choice. In the present study we investigated individual differences in body odours of women and examined whether some women generally smell more attractive than others or whether odour preferences are a matter of individual taste. We then explored whether levels of reproductive hormones explain women's body odour attractiveness, to test the idea that body odour attractiveness may act as a chemosensory marker of reproductive fitness. Fifty-seven men rated body odours of 28 healthy, naturally cycling women of reproductive age. We collected all odours at peak fertility to control for menstrual cycle effects on body odour attractiveness. Women's salivary oestradiol, progesterone, testosterone and cortisol levels were assessed at the time of odour collection to test whether hormone levels explain body odour attractiveness. We found that the men highly agreed on how attractive they found women's body odours. Interestingly, women's body odour attractiveness was predicted by their oestradiol and progesterone levels: the higher a woman's levels of oestradiol and the lower her levels of progesterone, the more attractive her body odour was rated. In showing that women's body odour attractiveness is explained by levels of female reproductive hormones, but not by levels of cortisol or testosterone, we provide evidence that body odour acts as a valid cue to potential fertility.