cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: From Transmission to Participation: A Case Study of Democratic Debate at the BBC African Services
Creators: name: Andersson, Matilda
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: This thesis is about the blurring boundaries between audiences and producers as a result of new social media technology and new approaches to journalism in international broadcasting to Africa, commonly referred to as participatory journalism. Audience participation, it has been suggested, can foster stronger democracy through engaging citizens in democratic debate or in the BBC World Service words, ‘a global conversation’. Informed by deliberative democracy and dialogue theory, I use dialogic deliberation as a critical evaluative framework to understand the relationship between participatory journalism and democratic debate. This research goes beyond existing studies about participatory journalism by focusing on the relationship between a British broadcaster and social media audiences in Africa, thus contributing to a new understanding of media power and transnational deliberation between the Global North and the Global South. The work draws on ethnographic data collected through participant observation at the BBC African services in London and on social media through three mediated moments a) a crowd sourced Nigerian Election map b) the launch of a new audience led programme and c) Facebook discussions about football. Through unique access to both the newsroom, the BBC’s own web analytics systems, and by using both qualitative and quantitative methods, I demonstrate how it is changing journalistic and audience practices, and not social media technology by itself that is contributing to advancing international democratic debate. I also found that in order to allow for a more inclusive and accessible democratic debate, journalists need to give up their gatekeeping culture and use a more dialogic approach to participation including; inclusion and equality that allow personal storytelling, reciprocity and respect in debates, self-reflection of their own values and mutual exploration of news topics together with participating audiences.
Long-distance dimension-eight operators in B_K
Creators: name: Cata, O.
name: Peris, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Besides their appearance at short distances \gtrsim 1/M_W, local dimension-eight operators also contribute to kaon matrix elements at long distances of order \gtrsim 1/mu_ope, where mu_ope is the scale controlling the Operator Product Expansion in pure QCD, without weak interactions. This comes about in the matching condition between the effective quark Lagrangian and the Chiral Lagrangian of mesons. Working in dimensional regularization and in a framework where these effects can be systematically studied, we calculate the correction from these long-distance dimension-eight operators to the renormalization group invariant B_K factor of K^0-K^0bar mixing, to next-to-leading order in the 1/Nc expansion and in the chiral limit. The correction is controlled by the matrix element <0|\bar s_L \tilde{G}_{mu nu}gamma^mu d_L|K^0>, is small, and lowers B_K.
description: 14 pages, LaTeX. Explanatory comments added to match version in journal
High order numerical integrators for single integrand Stratonovich SDEs
Creators: name: Cohen, David
name: Debrabant, Kristian
name: Rößler, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H35 (Primary), 65C20, 65C30

description: We show that applying any deterministic B-series method of order $p_d$ with a random step size to single integrand SDEs gives a numerical method converging in the mean-square and weak sense with order $\lfloor p_d/2\rfloor$.As an application, we derive high order energy-preserving methods for stochastic Poisson systems as well as further geometric numerical schemes for this wide class of Stratonovich SDEs.
Predicting discrete-time bifurcations with deep learning
Creators: name: Bury, Thomas M.
name: Dylewsky, Daniel
name: Bauch, Chris T.
name: Anand, Madhur
name: Glass, Leon
name: Shrier, Alvin
name: Bub, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Many natural and man-made systems are prone to critical transitions -- abrupt and potentially devastating changes in dynamics. Deep learning classifiers can provide an early warning signal (EWS) for critical transitions by learning generic features of bifurcations (dynamical instabilities) from large simulated training data sets. So far, classifiers have only been trained to predict continuous-time bifurcations, ignoring rich dynamics unique to discrete-time bifurcations. Here, we train a deep learning classifier to provide an EWS for the five local discrete-time bifurcations of codimension-1. We test the classifier on simulation data from discrete-time models used in physiology, economics and ecology, as well as experimental data of spontaneously beating chick-heart aggregates that undergo a period-doubling bifurcation. The classifier outperforms commonly used EWS under a wide range of noise intensities and rates of approach to the bifurcation. It also predicts the correct bifurcation in most cases, with particularly high accuracy for the period-doubling, Neimark-Sacker and fold bifurcations. Deep learning as a tool for bifurcation prediction is still in its nascence and has the potential to transform the way we monitor systems for critical transitions.
Additional file 6 of Meta-analysis suggests the microbiome responds to Evolve and Resequence experiments in Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Henry, Lucas P.
name: Ayroles, Julien F.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: Additional file 6: Supp. Fig. 12. Differences in bacterial diversity when including (full bacterial community) or excluding Wolbachia reads in four of the E&R experiments analyzed
F.F. Bosworth and Thoro Harris: A Moment in Black History
Creators: name: Barnes, Roscoe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 210304 Biography
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 220401 Christian Studies (incl. Biblical Studies and Church History)
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: 220402 Comparative Religious Studies
subject: Ethnic Studies
subject: 210399 Historical Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: History
subject: Religious Studies

description: In recognition of Black History, this blog post presents a brief profile of hymnist Thoro Harris, who was respected by F.F. Bosworth, Aimee Semple McPherson, and other prominent church leaders. In the 1920s, Harris published Bosworth’s songbook, Revival Flame: Bosworth Campaign Special.#FFBosworth #BosworthMatters
title: Urban Variation Through Evolutionary Development: Evolutionary Processes in Design and the Impact of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms Generating Urban Form
Creators: name: Makki, Mohammed
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: The extent to which the mathematics of nature can serve as a generative model to design variation of urban form is dependent upon an understanding of the impact of natural systems on phenotypic variation across natural species, and in specific, the role that evolutionary developmental biology has on the application of these processes in an urban context. Through a thorough analysis of the intersection between the three primary fields of urban variation, biology and computation; multiple methods, that are both generative and analytic, are developed with the aim of establishing an efficient, effective and robust modus operandi for the application of biological evolutionary principles in generating urban variation. Utilising urban blocks and superblocks within multiple urban tissues that differ in location, environment and historical context; the research is developed through a progression of 5 key experiments that advance the methods and tools developed for their application in design problems that range in both scale and complexity; demonstrating the advantages of utilising regulatory mechanisms towards generating varied populations of context-specific morphologies that provide for greater diversity between the phenotypic attributes that characterise the urban superblock.
Populist anger, Donald Trump, and the 2016 election
Creators: name: Rudolph, Thomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The election of Donald Trump as president in 2016 arguably represents the most unanticipated election outcome in contemporary American politics. Using three nationally representative surveys of the American electorate, this article analyzes the predictors of candidate support during the 2016 presidential campaign. At issue in the analysis is the question of whether Trump’s popularity was tied primarily to ideology and principled support for Trump’s issue positions or whether instead it was inspired by emotions and populist anger at the federal government. The results of the analysis inform our understanding of candidate support in two important ways. First, the results show that individuals’ policy preferences on issues, particularly immigration, played an influential role in shaping their attitudes toward Republican and Democratic candidates during the presidential campaign. Second, the results show that while support for Trump was strongly associated with anger toward the federal government, such sentiment failed to increase support for any other candidates in either party. Taken together, these results suggest that Trump was able to leverage populist anger for political advantage in ways that other candidates were not and that such anti-elitism played an important and underappreciated role in explaining the outcome of the presidential election.
Quantitative non-classicality of mediated interactions
Creators: name: Ganardi, Ray
name: Panwar, Ekta
name: Pandit, Mahasweta
name: Wołoncewicz, Bianka
name: Paterek, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In plethora of physical situations one can distinguish a mediator -- a system that couples other, non-interacting systems. Often the mediator itself is not directly accessible to experimentation, yet it is interesting and sometimes crucial to understand if it admits non-classical properties. An example of this sort that recently enjoys considerable attention are two quantum masses coupled via gravitational field. It has been argued that the gain of quantum entanglement between the masses indicates non-classicality of the states of the whole tripartite system. Here, we focus on non-classical properties of the involved interactions rather than the states. We derive inequalities whose violation indicates non-commutativity and non-decomposability (open system generalisation of non-commuting unitaries) of interactions through the mediators. The derivations are based on properties of general quantum formalism and make minimalistic assumptions about the studied systems, in particular the interactions can remain uncharacterised throughout the assessment. Furthermore, we also present conditions that solely use correlations between the coupled systems, excluding the need to measure the mediator. Next, we show that the amount of violation places a lower bound on suitably defined degree of non-decomposability. This makes the methods quantitative and at the same time experiment ready. We give applications of these techniques in two different fields: for detecting non-classicality of gravitational interaction and in bounding the Trotter error in quantum simulations.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, close to published version
Localizing merging black holes with sub-arcsecond precision using gravitational-wave lensing
Creators: name: Hannuksela, Otto A.
name: Collett, Thomas E.
name: Çalışkan, Mesut
name: Li, Tjonnie G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current gravitational-wave localization methods rely mainly on sources with electromagnetic counterparts. Unfortunately, a binary black hole does not emit light. Due to this, it is generally not possible to localize these objects precisely. However, strongly lensed gravitational waves, which are forecasted in this decade, could allow us to localize the binary by locating its lensed host galaxy. Identifying the correct host galaxy is challenging because there are hundreds to thousands of other lensed galaxies within the sky area spanned by the gravitational-wave observation. However, we can constrain the lensing galaxy's physical properties through both gravitational-wave and electromagnetic observations. We show that these simultaneous constraints allow one to localize quadruply lensed waves to one or at most a few galaxies with the LIGO/Virgo/Kagra network in typical scenarios. Once we identify the host, we can localize the binary to two sub-arcsec regions within the host galaxy. Moreover, we demonstrate how to use the system to measure the Hubble constant as a proof-of-principle application.
description: 5 pages (main text) + 5 pages (methods+references), 5 figures. Accepted to MNRAS
Elliptic operators on manifolds with singularities and K-homology
Creators: name: Savin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J05 19K33 35S35 47L15

description: It is well known that elliptic operators on a smooth compact manifold are classified by K-homology. We prove that a similar classification is also valid for manifolds with simplest singularities: isolated conical points and fibered boundary. The main ingredients of the proof of these results are: an analog of the Atiyah-Singer difference construction in the noncommutative case and an analog of Poincare isomorphism in K-theory for our singular manifolds. As applications we give a formula in topological terms for the obstruction to Fredholm problems on manifolds with singularities and a formula for K-groups of algebras of pseudodifferential operators.
description: revised version; 25 pages; section with applications expanded
An Agent-Based Model for Poverty and Discrimination Policy-Making
Creators: name: Montes, Nieves
name: Curto, Georgina
name: Osman, Nardine
name: Sierra, Carles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The deceleration of global poverty reduction in the last decades suggests that traditional redistribution policies are losing their effectiveness. Alternative ways to work towards the #1 United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (poverty eradication) are required. NGOs have insistingly denounced the criminalization of poverty, and the social science literature suggests that discrimination against the poor (a phenomenon known as aporophobia) could constitute a brake to the fight against poverty. This paper describes a proposal for an agent-based model to examine the impact that aporophobia at the institutional level has on poverty levels. This aporophobia agent-based model (AABM) will first be applied to a case study in the city of Barcelona. The regulatory environment is central to the model, since aporophobia has been identified in the legal framework. The AABM presented in this paper constitutes a cornerstone to obtain empirical evidence, in a non-invasive way, on the causal relationship between aporophobia and poverty levels. The simulations that will be generated based on the AABM have the potential to inform a new generation of poverty reduction policies, which act not only on the redistribution of wealth but also on the discrimination of the poor.
title: Shape Statistics of Particle Clusters in a Turbulent Flow
Creators: name: Grant, John
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: The attractor of a chaotic dynamical system may have a multi-fractal measure which can be described by a spectrum of fractal dimensions. These dimensions do not characterize local geometrical structures that may exist within the attractor and in physical situations these may be important. It is therefore of interest to have a more effective means of characterizing the local structure of fractal sets and it is this problem that is addressed in this thesis. The problem is approached by considering the statistical distributions of the size and shape of very small triangular constellations of points sampling the fractal measure. The approach is illustrated, and validated, using fractal clusters of particles formed by advection and diffusion in a two-dimensional compressible random flow, which models turbulence. Our numerical simulations show that as the compressibility parameter of the fluid passes through a critical value the distribution of the flatness of constellations undergoes a phase transition. We develop a theoretical model for this phenomenon which correctly predicts the critical value of the compressibility. Also, by representing the effects of the flow as a stochastic matrix process, we show that for a range of values of compressibility the probability density of the size of constellations is a modified power law. For a fractal cluster generated by the random flow we derive an expression for the Renyi dimension of order three, D3, in terms of the probability density of the size of constellations and find it is in agreement with the results of other authors, obtained using other methods.
Trigonometric Parallaxes Of High-Mass Star Forming Regions: Our View Of The Milky Way
Creators: name: Reid, M. J.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Brunthaler, A.
name: Zheng, X. W.
name: Dame, T. M.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Li, J.
name: Sakai, N.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Immer, K.
name: Zhang, B.
name: Sanna, A.
name: Moscadelli, L.
name: Rygl, K. L. J.
name: Bartkiewicz, A.
name: Hu, B.
name: Quiroga-Nunez, L. H.
name: van Langevelde, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compile and analyze ~200 trigonometric parallaxes and proper motions of molecular masers associated with very young high-mass stars. These measurements strongly suggest that the Milky Way is a four-arm spiral. Fitting log-periodic spirals to the locations of the masers, allows us to significantly expand our view of the structure of the Milky Way. We present an updated model for its spiral structure and incorporate it into our previously published parallax-based distance-estimation program for sources associated with spiral arms. Modeling the three-dimensional space motions yields estimates of the distance to the Galactic center, Ro = 8.15 +/- 0.15 kpc, the circular rotation speed at the Sun's position, To = 236 +/- 7 km/s, and the nature of the rotation curve. Our data strongly constrain the full circular velocity of the Sun, To + Vsun = 247 +/- 4 km/s, and its angular velocity, (To + Vsun)/Ro = 30.32 +/- 0.27 km/s/kpc. Transforming the measured space motions to a Galactocentric frame which rotates with the Galaxy, we find non-circular velocity components typically about 10 km/s. However, near the Galactic bar and in a portion of the Perseus arm, we find significantly larger non-circular motions. Young high-mass stars within 7 kpc of the Galactic center have a scale height of only 19 pc and, thus, are well suited to define the Galactic plane. We find that the orientation of the plane is consistent with the IAU-defined plane to within +/-0.1 deg., and that the Sun is offset toward the north Galactic pole by Zsun = 5.5 +/- 5.8 pc. Accounting for this offset places the central supermassive black hole, Sgr A*, in the midplane of the Galaxy. Using our improved Galactic parameters, we predict the Hulse-Taylor binary pulsar to be at a distance of 6.54 +/- 0.24 kpc, assuming its orbital decay from gravitational radiation follows general relativity.
description: 47 pages; 11 figures, 4 tables
The laplacian of a graph as a density matrix: a basic combinatorial approach to separability of mixed states
Creators: name: Braunstein, Samuel L.
name: Ghosh, Sibasish
name: Severini, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study entanglement properties of mixed density matrices obtained from combinatorial Laplacians. This is done by introducing the notion of the density matrix of a graph. We characterize the graphs with pure density matrices and show that the density matrix of a graph can be always written as a uniform mixture of pure density matrices of graphs. We consider the von Neumann entropy of these matrices and we characterize the graphs for which the minimum and maximum values are attained. We then discuss the problem of separability by pointing out that separability of density matrices of graphs does not always depend on the labelling of the vertices. We consider graphs with a tensor product structure and simple cases for which combinatorial properties are linked to the entanglement of the state. We calculate the concurrence of all graph on four vertices representing entangled states. It turns out that for some of these graphs the value of the concurrence is exactly fractional.
description: 20 pages, 11 figures
Emotions, cognitions and moderation: understanding losers’ consent in the 2016 Brexit referendum
Creators: name: Nadeau, Richard
name: Éric Bélanger
name: Atikcan, Ece Özlem
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Why do some voters accept their defeat and agree to a democratic verdict while some do not? This distinction between “graceful” and “sore” losers is essential for the stability of democratic regimes. This paper focuses on the phenomenon of losers’ consent in the 2016 Brexit referendum using original public opinion data. Extant studies suggest that post-electoral reactions are mainly outcome-driven, consider winners and losers as homogeneous groups, and neglect the individual-level profile and motivations of graceful losers. Using an innovative and direct question to measure losers’ consent, this research finds that voters’ reaction to the outcome is also process-driven. Graceful losers are politically involved and principled citizens who are more inclined to judge the merits of democracy in procedural terms. They are also more politically sophisticated, less emotionally engaged in the electoral decision, hold more moderate views on the object of the vote, and are torn between the options until the end of the campaign. These findings have important implications for democratic theory. The stability of democracies depends not only on sophisticated voters capable of prioritizing the benefits of the democratic process over disappointing outcomes but also on voters who are indecisive, hesitant, and above all, moderate.
Enhancing Multimodal Entity and Relation Extraction with Variational Information Bottleneck
Creators: name: Cui, Shiyao
name: Cao, Jiangxia
name: Cong, Xin
name: Sheng, Jiawei
name: Li, Quangang
name: Liu, Tingwen
name: Shi, Jinqiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper studies the multimodal named entity recognition (MNER) and multimodal relation extraction (MRE), which are important for multimedia social platform analysis. The core of MNER and MRE lies in incorporating evident visual information to enhance textual semantics, where two issues inherently demand investigations. The first issue is modality-noise, where the task-irrelevant information in each modality may be noises misleading the task prediction. The second issue is modality-gap, where representations from different modalities are inconsistent, preventing from building the semantic alignment between the text and image. To address these issues, we propose a novel method for MNER and MRE by Multi-Modal representation learning with Information Bottleneck (MMIB). For the first issue, a refinement-regularizer probes the information-bottleneck principle to balance the predictive evidence and noisy information, yielding expressive representations for prediction. For the second issue, an alignment-regularizer is proposed, where a mutual information-based item works in a contrastive manner to regularize the consistent text-image representations. To our best knowledge, we are the first to explore variational IB estimation for MNER and MRE. Experiments show that MMIB achieves the state-of-the-art performances on three public benchmarks.
Additional file 1 of Distinct clinical phenotypes for Crohn’s disease derived from patient surveys
Creators: name: Tianyun Liu
name: Lichy Han
name: Tilley, Mera
name: Afzelius, Lovisa
name: Maciejewski, Mateusz
name: Jelinsky, Scott
name: Tian, Chao
name: McIntyre, Matthew
name: Bing, Nan
name: Hung, Kenneth
name: Altman, Russ B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary materials for data process and analysis.
title: The Winds of change in Africa-China relations? Contextualising African agency in Ethiopia-China Engagement in Wind energy Infrastructure Financing and Development'
Creators: name: Chiyemura, Frangton
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: Despite the long-standing tradition in the mainstream media, policy and academic scholarship on China's role in investing and providing development finance to Africa, the majority of narratives assume China dominates the decision-making processes around the engagement. Drawing on qualitative case study rooted in an extensive field based research, I challenge such assertions with contextual reference to Ethiopia-China engagement in wind energy infrastructure financing and development. Situated in the authoritarian developmental state praxis and African agency analytical framework, I first examine the drivers and motivations that contributed to both Ethiopian and Chinese actors to finance and develop the Adama wind farms. Second, I explore engagement modalities and negotiation processes between Ethiopian and Chinese stakeholders along the wind farms projects’ lifecycles. Third and finally, I examine the engagement outcomes and local development impacts of the wind farms. The study found that, firstly, there were a plethora of drivers and motivations for both Ethiopian government and Chinese state and semi-state actors to finance and develop the wind farms. The choice by the Ethiopian government to seek financing from China and consequently award the contracts to Chinese enterprises to develop the two wind farms was driven by a bricolage of economic and political factors. Second, Ethiopia’s domestic socio-economic and political makeup conditioned the Chinese interactions with the Ethiopians to ensure that the Ethiopian government retained control, influence and direction of the engagement from brokering to commissioning of the wind farms. That said, in some cases, the Chinese were allowed to shape the processes where the Ethiopian government had limited control and local capacity. Third and finally, local outcomes and development impacts of the two wind farms are complex and are intertwined across multiple actors. On one hand, the wind farms are new frontiers for enabling environment-friendly electricity generation to sustainably power industrial growth and ensure modern energy access for all, and on the other hand, are seen as symbols of dispossession and disruption of communities’ livelihood capabilities. Such complexity underscores the contested and disruptive nature of development. Importantly, the engagement outcomes and local development impacts of the Adama wind farms were dependent on Ethiopia’s regulatory and governance structure, and to a lesser extent the conditioning effects of Chinese transnational capital features. This thesis’ findings, therefore, help to develop a new reading and better understanding on politics of development in Ethiopia and the role of African agency in shaping engagement outcomes with external actors.
Nature of the Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov phases at low temperature in 2 dimensions
Creators: name: Mora, C.
name: Combescot, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, mostly analytically, the nature of the Fulde-Ferrell- Larkin-Ovchinnikov superfluid phases for an isotropic two-dimensional superconductor, which is relevant for the experimental observation of these phases. We show that there is, in the low temperature range, a cascade of transitions toward order parameters with ever increasing complexity.
description: 5 pages, revtex, 2 figures
Density Formalism for Quantum Theory
Creators: name: Sutherland, Roderick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple mathematical extension of quantum theory is presented. As well as opening the possibility of alternative methods of calculation, the additional formalism implies a new physical interpretation of the standard theory by providing a picture of an external reality. The new formalism, developed first for the single-particle case, has the advantage of generalizing immediately to quantum field theory and to the description of relativistic phenomena such as particle creation and annihilation.
description: 30 pages, 5 figures
How costly is voting? Explaining individual differences in the costs of voting
Creators: name: Santana, Andrés
name: Aguilar, Susana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: A more profound analysis of the variables in the voting equation is needed to improve our knowledge on voting. In this paper, we endogenize the costs of voting (C) and test several models with the help of the Making Electoral Democracy Work database, which contains information on C and its potential determinants for national elections in France, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, and Canada. We test whether C is affected by socio-demographic and attitudinal factors related to: (a) informational costs, (b) the costs of the act of voting itself, and (c) those bound to lead to an ex-ante rationalization of C. By doing so, we contribute to bridging the rational choice and the sociological and psycho-sociological models of voting. We find strong evidence that the three types of factors have a statistical and substantive effect on C. In particular, C falls with party identification, education, union membership, years in the region where the elections are held, interest in politics and the importance attributed to elections, while it is higher for women and rural dwellers. Age shows a curvilinear relationship, initially reducing C and increasing it later. Contrary to expected, the presence of kids at home does not significantly increase C.
Emergent Superconductivity and Competing Charge Orders in Hole-Doped Square-Lattice $t$-$J$ Model
Creators: name: Lu, Xin
name: Chen, Feng
name: Zhu, W.
name: Sheng, D. N.
name: Gong, Shou-Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The square-lattice Hubbard and closely related $t$-$J$ models are considered as basic paradigms for understanding strong correlation effects and unconventional superconductivity (SC). Recent large-scale density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) simulations on the extended $t$-$J$ model have identified $d$-wave SC on the electron-doped side (with the next-nearest-neighbor hopping $t_2>0$) but a dominant charge density wave (CDW) order on the hole-doped side ($t_2<0$), which is inconsistent with the SC of hole-doped cuprate compounds. We re-examine the ground-state phase diagram of the extended $t$-$J$ model by employing the state-of-the-art DMRG calculations with much enhanced bond dimensions, allowing more accurate determination of the ground state. On 6-leg cylinders, while different CDW phases are identified on the hole-doped side for the doping range $δ= 1/16-1/8$, a SC phase emerges at a lower doping regime, with algebraically decaying pairing correlations and $d$-wave symmetry. On the wider 8-leg systems, the $d$-wave SC also emerges on the hole-doped side at the optimal $1/8$ doping, demonstrating the winning of SC over CDW by increasing the system width. Our results not only suggest a new path to SC in general $t$-$J$ models through weakening the competing charge orders, but also provide a unified understanding on the SC of both hole- and electron-doped cuprate superconductors.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, with Supplemental Materials
Dust penetrated arm classes: insight from rising and falling rotation curves
Creators: name: Seigar, Marc S.
name: Block, David L.
name: Puerari, Ivanio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present near-infrared K-band images of 15 galaxies. We have performed a Fourier analysis on the spiral structure of these galaxies in order to determine their pitch angles and dust-penetrated arm classes. We have also obtained rotation curve data for these galaxies and calculated their shear rates. We show that there is a correlation between pitch angle and shear rate and conclude that the main determinant of pitch angle is the mass distribution within the galaxy. This correlation provides a physical basis for the dust-penetrated classification scheme of Block & Puerari (1999).
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, to appear in proceeding to a conference entitled "Penetrating Bars Through Masks of Cosmic Dust: The Hubble Tuning Fork Strikes A New Note"
Classification of $k$-forms on ${\bf R}^n$ and the existence of associated geometry on manifolds
Creators: name: Lê, Hông Vân
name: Vanžura, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we survey methods and results of classification of $k$-forms (resp. $k$-vectors on ${\bf R}^n$), understood as description of the orbit space of the standard ${\bf GL}(n, {\bf R})$-action on $Λ^k {\bf R}^{n*}$ (resp. on $Λ^k {\bf R}^n$). We discuss the existence of related geometry defined by differential forms on smooth manifolds. This paper also contains an Appendix by Mikhail Borovoi on Galois cohomology methods for finding real forms of complex orbits.
description: 21. p
Measuring electoral integrity: using practitioner knowledge to assess elections
Creators: name: Garnett, Holly Ann
name: James, Toby S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The integrity of the electoral process is vitally important for the delivery of democracy. However, there is an ongoing debate about how the integrity of elections can be measured. This article makes the theoretical and normative case for the use of practitioner knowledge. Unlike public and expert perceptions, electoral officials have unique practice-based, experiential, tacit knowledge about the conduct of elections, and more insights about the technical aspects of administration of which the public and even experts may be unaware. The article presents results from the first ever cross-national datasets based on a survey of electoral officials in 31 countries. Practitioner assessments are then compared to expert and public assessments, the traditional methods for assessing electoral integrity, and are found to be a reliable measure of electoral integrity. Analysis also shows that gender does shape practitioner assessments, suggesting that some electoral malpractices might be gendered in nature. Job satisfaction is also significant, which suggests that it should be controlled for in future studies. Overall, this study is significant for identifying the utility of a new method for assessing electoral integrity and provides important lessons for how they should be surveyed in the future.
Feature discriminativity estimation in CNNs for transfer learning
Creators: name: Gimenez-Abalos, Victor
name: Vilalta, Armand
name: Garcia-Gasulla, Dario
name: Labarta, Jesus
name: Ayguadé, Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The purpose of feature extraction on convolutional neural networks is to reuse deep representations learnt for a pre-trained model to solve a new, potentially unrelated problem. However, raw feature extraction from all layers is unfeasible given the massive size of these networks. Recently, a supervised method using complexity reduction was proposed, resulting in significant improvements in performance for transfer learning tasks. This approach first computes the discriminative power of features, and then discretises them using thresholds computed for the task. In this paper, we analyse the behaviour of these thresholds, with the purpose of finding a methodology for their estimation. After a comprehensive study, we find a very strong correlation between problem size and threshold value, with coefficient of determination above 90%. These results allow us to propose a unified model for threshold estimation, with potential application to transfer learning tasks.
description: Presented in the 22nd International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence (CCIA 19)
Advocating for school food programs : a resource to assist implementation
Creators: name: Crittenden, Jaelise
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this research study is to understand school food programs and how they are implemented. My research questions are: What is a school food program [SFP]; why are SFP implemented; who are the stakeholders in a SFP; what are the current ways of implementing food programs into schools; What factors influence whether or not school food programs are successful; and how can barriers to SFP be addressed. This study is an extended literature review using a combination of peer-reviewed articles, news releases and government websites as well as government-supported organization’s websites. I chose to conduct an integrative literature review in order to determine a suitable framework for school food programs in rural Saskatchewan. I approached this integrative literature review using an ecological research approach consisting of both qualitative and quantitative data. The body of this literature review seeks to answer the six research questions to form an overall viewpoint of school food programs. Within these research questions, themes of food insecurity, national nutritional concerns, social and academic benefits for students, global SFPs, nutritional policies, community organizations and volunteers, and funding emerge. The paper results in an implementation planning checklist created to assist home economists, teachers, and community members to start a SFP. A reflection, summary and recommendation from a home economics teacher and previous SFP implementer concludes this study.
"Why is 'Chicago' deceptive?" Towards Building Model-Driven Tutorials for Humans
Creators: name: Lai, Vivian
name: Liu, Han
name: Tan, Chenhao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To support human decision making with machine learning models, we often need to elucidate patterns embedded in the models that are unsalient, unknown, or counterintuitive to humans. While existing approaches focus on explaining machine predictions with real-time assistance, we explore model-driven tutorials to help humans understand these patterns in a training phase. We consider both tutorials with guidelines from scientific papers, analogous to current practices of science communication, and automatically selected examples from training data with explanations. We use deceptive review detection as a testbed and conduct large-scale, randomized human-subject experiments to examine the effectiveness of such tutorials. We find that tutorials indeed improve human performance, with and without real-time assistance. In particular, although deep learning provides superior predictive performance than simple models, tutorials and explanations from simple models are more useful to humans. Our work suggests future directions for human-centered tutorials and explanations towards a synergy between humans and AI.
description: 26 pages, 48 figures, CHI 2020
Additional file 2 of Distinct clinical phenotypes for Crohn’s disease derived from patient surveys
Creators: name: Tianyun Liu
name: Lichy Han
name: Tilley, Mera
name: Afzelius, Lovisa
name: Maciejewski, Mateusz
name: Jelinsky, Scott
name: Tian, Chao
name: McIntyre, Matthew
name: Bing, Nan
name: Hung, Kenneth
name: Altman, Russ B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. The original questionnaire.
title: The politics of reparations and apologies: The differential application of restorative justice following stat atrocity
Creators: name: Wolfe, Stephanie
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: Today, it is nearly a given that groups seeking redress or reparation for past wrongs will receive some fonn of justice. Groups wronged by states often seek and receive apologies and compensation, to the point that it is now worthy of discussion when groups do not receive some form of compensation or acknowledgement. Yet how did this widespread acceptance of redress and reparation emerge? This thesis seeks an answer to this question, while also seeking to understand why it is that different groups, having experienced similar atrocities, have received varying degrees of redress. In order to do so, this thesis examines three countries and two victimised groups within each state-sponsored atrocity. In Germany, the Nazi government perpetrated genocide upon both Jews and Roma; in the United States, Japanese Americans and Japanese Latin Americans were both interned during World War II and, in the third case study, the Japanese military systematically enslaved and raped both Korean and Dutch women within occupied territories. In each of these cases, one victimised group bad more relative success in achieving redress and reparation than the other. This thesis thus considers the key historical background to the various social movements, the development of the social movements themselves and the gradual emergence of international norms and political opportunities which have combined to encourage what is today known as the redress and reparation movement. The thesis also seeks to determine factors which explain the differential success of social movements of groups which have experienced similar atrocities.
All-orders infrared freezing of observables in perturbative QCD
Creators: name: Howe, D. M.
name: Maxwell, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a Borel sum definition of all-orders perturbation theory for Minkowskian QCD observables such as the R(e+e-) ratio, and show that both this perturbative component and the additional non-perturbative Operator Product Expansion (OPE) component can remain separately well-defined for all values of energy sqrt(s), with the perturbative component dominating as s-->infinity, and with both components contributing as s-->0. In the infrared s-->0 limit the perturbative correction to the parton model result for R(e+e-) has an all-orders perturbation theory component which smoothly freezes to the value R(0)=2/b, where b=(33-2Nf)/6 is the first QCD beta-function coefficient with Nf flavours of massless quarks. For freezing one requires Nf<9. The freezing behaviour is manifested by the ``contour-improved'' or ``Analytic Perturbation Theory'' (APT), in which an infinite subset of analytical continuation terms are resummed to all-orders. We show that for the Euclidean Adler-D function, D(Q^2), the perturbative component remains defined into the infrared provided that ALL the renormalon singularities care taken into account, but no analogue of the APT reorganisation of perturbation theory is possible. We perform phenomenological comparisons of suitably smeared low-energy data for the R(e+e-) ratio, with the perturbative freezing perdictions, and find good agreement.
description: 13 figures, 48 pages. Additional references. Minor textual revision