cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bulk and boundary effects on the decay of the thermodynamic Casimir force
Creators: name: Delfino, Gesualdo
name: Squarcini, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the decay of the thermodynamic Casimir force in phases with a finite correlation length. For the case of the strip, we use properties of low energy two-dimensional field theory to show that the decay depends on the symmetry properties of the boundary conditions, in distinctive ways that we determine exactly. Features characteristic of the bulk universality class may induce modifications that we also discuss. Symmetry breaking and symmetry preserving boundary conditions exchange their role with respect to the decay of the force when exchanging spontaneously broken with disordered phases. Several of our arguments extend to higher dimensions.
description: 6 EPL pages
Neutralino and gravitino dark matter with low reheating temperature
Creators: name: Roszkowski, Leszek
name: Trojanowski, Sebastian
name: Turzynski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a scenario in which the reheating temperature $T_R$ after inflation is so low that it is comparable to, or lower than, the freeze out temperature of ordinary WIMPs. In this case the dark matter relic abundance is reduced, thus relaxing the impact of the usually strong constraint coming from the requirement that the universe does not overclose. We first re-examine the dynamics of freezeout during reheating. Next we apply a Bayesian approach to study the parameter space of the MSSM with ten free parameters, the CMSSM and the singlino-dominated regions of the NMSSM. In each case we find dramatic departures from the usually considered regime of high $T_R$, with important implications for direct detection dark matter searches. In the MSSM we examine WIMP mass range up to ~5 TeV, and find regions of bino dark matter over the whole mass range, and of higgsino dark matter with mass over a similar range but starting from the ~1 TeV value of the standard high $T_R$ scenario. We show that the prospects for bino detection strongly depend on $T_R$, while the higgsino is for the most part detectable by future one-tonne detectors. The wino, which is excluded in the standard scenario, becomes allowed again if its mass is roughly above 3.5 TeV, and can be detectable. In the CMSSM, the bino and higgsino mass ranges become more constrained although detection prospects remain similar. In the Next-to-MSSM at low enough $T_R$ wide ranges of singlino-dominated parameter space of the model become cosmologically allowed. We also study the contribution to the DM relic density from direct and cascade decays of the inflaton. Finally, we consider the case of a gravitino as dark matter. We find strong bounds from overclosure and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, and derive lower limits on $T_R$ which depend on the gravitino mass and on the nature of the lightest ordinary superpartner.
description: section and references added
title: Strategien und Maßnahmen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel in Neubaugebieten der Stadt Wien
Creators: name: Sparlinek, Fabian Thomas
Year: 2021

description: Durch den Klimawandel und den damit einhergehenden Veränderungen des Wetters, muss die Stadt Wien mit einem Anstieg der Temperaturen und einer Zunahme von Starkregenereignissen rechnen. Aus diesem Grund ist es wesentlich, Maßnahmen zur Anpassung an den Klimawandel und zum Klimaschutz gleichermaßen zu forcieren und so die Folgen des Klimawandels zu lindern. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Strategien und Maßnahmen, die in Neubaugebieten Anwendung finden, darzustellen und aktuelle Herausforderungen aufzuzeigen. Dazu werden relevante Dokumente der Stadt Wien mithilfe einer strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse untersucht und mit Aussagen aus Expert*inneninterviews ergänzt. Zusätzlich erfolgt eine Analyse der Neubaugebiete Biotope City Wienerberg und Seestadt Aspern, um Rückschlüsse zur Implementierung von Maßnahmen in Stadtentwicklungsgebieten zu erlauben. Anhand einer, aus der Literatur abgeleiteten Analysematrix werden die Ergebnisse in die Handlungsfelder Hitzebekämpfung, Regenwassermanagement, Wind- und Frischluftmanagement, soziale- und institutionelle Faktoren gegliedert, um diese im Anschluss gesondert zu erörtern. Außerdem werden Empfehlungen für eine zukunftsorientierte und klimaresiliente Stadtplanung diskutiert und im Zusammenhang mit der spezifischen Situation von Neubaugebieten in Wien betrachtet.
description: Due to climate change and its associated changes in the weather, the City of Vienna has to deal with an increase in temperature and heavy rainfalls. Therefore, it is essential to promote measures for climate action (including climate adaption and climate mitigation) to alleviate the consequences of climate change. This work presents the strategies and measures that are used in new city development areas and highlights current challenges towards their implementation. To this end, relevant documents from the City of Vienna are examined using a structured content analysis supplemented with expert interviews. In addition, an analysis of the new development areas Biotope City Wienerberg and Seestadt Aspern is carried out to allow conclusions to be drawn about the implementation of climate resilience measures. Using an analysis matrix derived from the literature, the results are broken down into various fields of action, which are discussed separately. These fields are: heat control, rainwater management, wind and fresh air management, social and institutional factors. Moreover, suggestions for future climate-resilient urban planning are discussed, while focussed on the specific situation of new urban development areas in Vienna.
Searching for variable stars in the cores of five metal rich globular clusters using EMCCD observations
Creators: name: Skottfelt, Jesper
name: Bramich, D. M.
name: Jaimes, R. Figuera
name: Jørgensen, U. G.
name: Kains, N.
name: Ferro, A. Arellano
name: Alsubai, K. A.
name: Bozza, V.
name: Novati, S. Calchi
name: Ciceri, S.
name: DAgo, G.
name: Dominik, M.
name: Galianni, P.
name: Gu, S. -H.
name: Harpsøe, K. B. W
name: Haugbølle, T.
name: Hinse, T. C.
name: Hundertmark, M.
name: Juncher, D.
name: Korhonen, H.
name: Liebig, C.
name: Mancini, L.
name: Popovas, A.
name: Rabus, M.
name: Rahvar, S.
name: Scarpetta, G.
name: Schmidt, R. W.
name: Snodgrass, C.
name: Southworth, J.
name: Starkey, D.
name: Street, R. A.
name: Surdej, J.
name: Wang, X. -B.
name: Wertz, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the analysis of time-series observations from 2013 and 2014 of five metal rich ([Fe/H] $>$ -1) globular clusters: NGC~6388, NGC~6441, NGC~6528, NGC~6638, and NGC~6652. The data have been used to perform a census of the variable stars in the central parts of these clusters. The observations were made with the electron multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera at the Danish 1.54m Telescope at La Silla, Chile, and they were analysed using difference image analysis (DIA) to obtain high-precision light curves of the variable stars. It was possible to identify and classify all of the previously known or suspected variable stars in the central regions of the five clusters. Furthermore, we were able to identify, and in most cases classify 48, 49, 7, 8, and 2 previously unknown variables in NGC~6388, NGC~6441, NGC~6528, NGC~6638, and NGC~6652, respectively. Especially interesting is the case of NGC~6441, for which the variable star population of about 150 stars has been thoroughly examined by previous studies, including a Hubble Space Telescope study. In this paper we are able to present 49 new variable stars for this cluster, of which one (possibly two) are RR Lyrae stars, two are W Virginis stars, and the rest are long period semi-regular/irregular variables on the red giant branch. We have also detected the first double mode RR Lyrae in the cluster.
description: Accepted to A&A, 24 pages, 23 figures, 11 tables. Updated to match version published in A&A
Electric field-based quantization of the gauge invariant Proca theory
Creators: name: Damski, Bogdan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the gauge invariant version of the Proca theory, where besides the real vector field there is also the real scalar field. We quantize the theory such that the commutator of the scalar field operator and the electric field operator is given by a predefined three-dimensional vector field, say $\cal E$ up to a global prefactor. This happens when the field operators of the gauge invariant Proca theory satisfy the proper gauge constraint. In particular, we show that $\cal E$ given by the classical Coulomb field leads to the Coulomb gauge constraint making the vector field operator divergenceless. We also show that physically unreadable gauge constraints can have a strikingly simple $\cal E$-representation in our formalism. This leads to the discussion of Debye, Yukawa, etc. gauges. In general terms, we explore the mapping between classical vector fields and gauge constraints imposed on the operators of the studied theory.
description: 6 pp
Combining Universal and Odd RR Axions for Aligned Natural Inflation
Creators: name: Gao, Xin
name: Li, Tianjun
name: Shukla, Pramod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We successfully embed the Kim-Nilles-Peloso (KNP) alignment mechanism for enhancing the axion decay constant in the context of large volume type IIB orientifolds. The flat direction is generated in the plane of ($C_0$-$C_2$) axions corresponding to the involutively even universal axion $C_0$ and odd axion $C_2$, respectively. The moduli stabilization with large volume scheme has been established as well.
description: version 3, 28 pages, 7 figures and 3 tables, typos fixed, Evolution of heavier axionic combination (in two-field KNP-type potential) has been added (in section 4) to justify the single field approach, version to appear in JCAP
Plasmons in Anisotropic Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Carrington, Margaret E.
name: Deja, Katarzyna
name: Mrowczynski, Stanislaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmons of quark-gluon plasma - gluon collective modes - are systematically studied. The plasma is, in general, non-equilibrium but homogeneous. We consider anisotropic momentum distributions of plasma constituents which are obtained from the isotropic one by stretching or squeezing in one direction. This leads to prolate or oblate distributions, respectively. We study all possible degrees of one dimensional deformation from the extremely prolate case, when the momentum distribution is infinitely elongated in one direction, to the extremely oblate distribution, which is infinitely squeezed in the same direction. In between these extremes we discuss arbitrarily prolate, weakly prolate, isotropic, weakly oblate and arbitrarily oblate distributions. For each case, the number of modes is determined using a Nyquist analysis and the complete spectrum of plasmons is found analytically if possible, and numerically when not. Unstable modes are shown to exist in all cases except that of isotropic plasma. We derive conditions on the wave vectors for the existence of these instabilities. We also discuss stable modes which are not limited to small domains of wave vectors and therefore have an important influence on the system's dynamics.
description: 33 pages, final version
On the $η_1(1855)$, $π_1(1400)$ and $π_1(1600)$ as dynamically generated states and their SU(3) partners
Creators: name: Yan, Mao-Jun
name: Dias, Jorgivan M.
name: Guevara, Adolfo
name: Guo, Feng-Kun
name: Zou, Bing-Song
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we interpret the newly observed $η_1(1855)$ resonance with exotic $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ quantum numbers in the $I=0$ sector, reported by the BESIII Collaboration, as a dynamically generated state from the interaction between the lightest pseudoscalar mesons and axial-vector mesons. The interaction is derived from the lowest order chiral Lagrangian from which the Weinberg-Tomozawa term is obtained, describing the transition amplitudes among the relevant channels, which are then unitarized using the Bethe-Salpeter equation, according to the chiral unitary approach. We evaluate the $η_1(1855)$ decays into the $ηη^{\prime}$ and $K\bar{K}^*π$ channels and find that the latter has a larger branching fraction. We also investigate its SU(3) partners, and according to our findings, the $π_1(1400)$ and $π_1(1600)$ structures may correspond to dynamically generated states, with the former one coupled mostly to the $b_1π$ component and the latter one coupled to the $K_1(1270)\bar{K}$ channel. In particular, our result for the ratio $Γ(π_1(1600)\to f_1(1285)π)/ Γ(π_1(1600)\to η^{\prime}π)$ is consistent with the measured value, which supports our interpretation for the higher $π_1$ state. We also report two poles with a mass about 1.7~GeV in the $I=1/2$ sector, which may be responsible for the $K^*(1680)$. We suggest searching for two additional $η_1$ exotic mesons with masses around 1.4 and 1.7~GeV. In particular, the predicted $η_1(1700)$ is expected to have a width around 0.1~GeV and can decay easily into $K\bar Kππ$.
description: Accepted for publication in Universe with a DOI link https://doi.org/10.3390/universe9020109
Continuous-Time Formulations for Multi-Mode Project Scheduling
Creators: name: Sayah, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper reviews compact continuous-time formulations for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem. Specifically, we first point out a serious flaw in an existing start-end-event-based formulation owing to inconsistent mode choices. We propose two options to formulate the missing constraints and we consider an equivalent reformulation with sparser constraint matrix. Second, we formulate an aggregate variant of an existing model that relies on on-off-events and clarify the role of mode consistency issues in such models. Third, we suggest two variants of an existing network flow formulation. We enhance our models by adapting several techniques that have been used previously, e.g., in cases with only a single mode. A large set of benchmark instances from the literature provides the basis for an up-to-date and fair computational study with an out-of-the-box solver package. We compare our models against two models from the literature. Our experiments assert confidently that network flow formulations prevail in the test bed, and they provide a hint on why event-based models become less competitive in multi-mode settings.
description: 37 pages
title: Ausarbeitung einer Methode zur Quantifizierung von Meropenem in Patientenproben
Creators: name: Sattler, Teresa
Year: 2021

description: Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war die Entwicklung einer validierten Quantifizierungsmethode für Meropenem in Lösung, um im Zuge einer Zusammenarbeit mit dem Universitätsklinikum St. Pölten und dem AKH Wien weiterführende Untersuchungen von Serum- bzw. Dialysatproben von Peritonealdialyse-Patienten zu erleichtern. Mithilfe eines LC-MS/MS-Systems sollte der Nachweis des Wirkstoffs besonders selektiv und sensitiv erfolgen, wodurch schließlich Aussagen über die mögliche Anwendung von Meropenem bei dieser speziellen Patientengruppe getroffen werden können. Die Basis der Arbeit beruhte daher auf der Annahme, dass auch eine intraperitoneale Gabe des β-Lactam-Antibiotikums Meropenem zu ausreichend hohen Serumspiegeln bei Peritonealdialyse-Patienten führt und somit mögliche bakterielle Infektionen verhindert werden können. Diese Arbeit empfiehlt zur Quantifizierung von Meropenem eine Kombination aus internem Standard und eine daraus abgeleitete Eichgerade, um eventuelle externe Fehler von Beginn an auszuschließen. Der Nachweis erfolgte mithilfe eines LC-MS/MS (Kopplung von HPLC und Triple Quadrupol-Massenspektrometer), um möglichst sensitive und selektive Ergebnisse zu generieren. Um die erarbeitete Quantifizierungsmethode zu stützen und zur genaueren Untersuchung des Verhaltens von Meropenem in verschiedenen Lösungen, sollten zusätzliche Daten des Analyten in künstlichem Plasma erhoben werden. Aufgrund von technischen Problemen des Massenspektrometers konnten dahingehend jedoch keine Ergebnisse geliefert werden. Ungeachtet dessen konnte in dieser Arbeit eine Quantifizierungsmethode für Meropenem entwickelt werden, welche nachfolgende Untersuchungen mit Proben von Peritonealdialyse-Patienten ermöglicht und somit eine aktive Hilfestellung für die Forschung bei dieser besonderen Patientengruppe darstellt.
title: H. G. Adlers Werke im Kontext der Shoah
Creators: name: Pollak, Marita Karin
Year: 2021

description: Die Begriffe „Shoah“, „Holocaust“, „Konzentrationslager“, „Deportation“ und dergleichen sind auch in der Gegenwart nicht unbelastete Begriffe und sind meist mit überwiegend morbiden Gedankenbildern behaftet. Es ist durchaus legitim, dass unsere Gefühlswelt durch diese geschichtlichen Ereignisse bis heute belastet ist, und die Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Thema nicht dem Alltäglichen zuzuordnen ist. Diese Arbeit widmet sich hinlänglich dem Lebenswerk H.G. Adlers, der sich - anders als im ersten Absatz beschrieben – dieser Thematik lebensfüllend gewidmet hat. Bei der Beleuchtung seiner schriftstellerischen und dokumentarischen Tätigkeit wird die Vielfältigkeit seiner Zeugenschaft aus den unterschiedlichsten Perspektiven betrachtet. Exemplarisch für seine umfassende Zeugenschaft wird anhand zweier seiner Werke, das sind Eine Reise sowie Theresienstadt 1941 -1945. Das Antlitz einer Zwangsgemeinschaft aufgezeigt, mit welchen unterschiedlichen Herangehensweisen Zeugenschaft abgelegt werden kann. Diese Arbeit soll einen Beitrag dazu leisten, auch diese Aspekte der Zeugenschaft dieser Zeit aus der Betroffenheit und Perspektive H.G. Adlers zu erfahren.
title: Regional oder exotisch?
Creators: name: Jäger, Hannah Sophia
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit befasst sich mit den Einflussfaktoren auf die Konsumentscheidung von regionalen bzw. exotischen Superfoods. Im Theorieteil wird zunächst die Definition von Superfoods geklärt, der Ernährungstrend Superfood erläutert und mögliche Beweggründe für den Konsum von Superfood angegeben. Des Weiteren wird auf den Nährstoffbedarf eingegangen, da Superfoods per Definition nährstoffreiche Lebensmittel sind (Oxford Dicitionary, o.D.). Anhand der empirischen Studie, welche im Zuge der Masterarbeit durchgeführt wurde, wurden die Fragestellungen bezüglich der Faktoren Alter, Geschlecht und Nutzung sozialer Medien und deren Einfluss auf den Konsum regionaler bzw. exotischer Superfoods geprüft. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass es einen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen Frauen und Männern hinsichtlich des allgemeinen Superfoodkonsums gibt. Die Faktoren Alter und Nutzung sozialer Medien hingegen weisen keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Konsum regionaler bzw. exotischer Superfoods auf. Mittels Häufigkeitsanalyse konnte „der Geschmack“ als Hauptbeweggrund für den Superfoodkonsum der Personen der Stichprobe ermittelt werden.
description: This master thesis deals with the factors influencing the consumption decision of regional or exotic superfoods. In the theoretical part, the definition of superfoods is first clarified, then the nutritional trend of superfoods is explained and possible motivations for the consumption of superfoods are stated. Furthermore, the nutrient requirements are discussed since superfoods are by definition nutrient-rich foods (Oxford Dicitionary, n.d.). Based on the empirical study, which was conducted in the course of the master thesis, the questions regarding the factors age, gender and use of social media and their influence on the consumption of regional or exotic superfoods were examined. It was found that there is a significant difference between women and men in terms of general superfood consumption. The factors age and use of social media, on the other hand, did not significantly influence on the consumption of regional or exotic superfoods. By means of frequency analysis, "taste" could be discussed as the main motive for superfood consumption of the individuals in the sample.
5G-TIMBER Deliverable 1.3: Initial KPIs Definition Report
Creators: name: Le Moullec, Yannick
name: Alam, Muhammad Mahtab
name: Kuusik, Alar
name: Mahmood, Kashif
name: Fortino, Stefania
name: Hradil, Petr
name: Halme, Jari
name: Rossoni, Marco
name: Urgo, Marcello
name: Muzakko, Margo
name: Härma, Valentina
name: Emmus, Mari
name: Ahmad, Iftikhar
name: Jancke, Oliver
name: Kaasa, Tord
name: di Pietro, Nicola
name: Munaretto, Daniele
name: Parker, Stephen
name: Pryor, Simon
name: Chackravaram, Kiran
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document is the deliverable “D1.3 Initial KPIs Definition Report” of the Horizon Europe Innovation Action project “5G-TIMBER: Secure 5G-Enabled Twin Transition for Europe's TIMBER Industry Sector” (hereinafter also referred to as “5G-TIMBER”, project reference: 101058505). This deliverable presents the status of the work that has been carried out primarily in the task “T1.2 Requirements and KPI definition, considering side stream utilization targets” that runs from M1 to M22, as of M7 (December 2022) of the project. Building upon D1.1 (Initial Descriptions of Use Cases with Expected Outcomes and Impact Projections to 3 Target Domains), the purpose of D1.3 is to refine and provide the initial definitions of the requirements and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the 9 Use Cases (UCs) of the project, which will guide the consortium towards achieving the overall project targets by the end of the project. The deliverable starts with an outline of the methodological approach used to define the initial requirements and KPIs as well as the conceptualized methods for measuring and visualizing the KPIs. Then, for each of the 3 UC categories (9 UCs in total) of the project, the deliverable explains the clarifications and/or additions that have been made following the initial formulation of the UCs in D1.1. The PIs and KPIs for each UC are introduced and briefly explained. Moreover, a tabulated overview of the Performance Indicators (PIs) and KPIs is provided for each UC category. Moreover, the network KPIs (5G NPN) which are transversal to the project are presented. The deliverable concludes with a summary and a list of the next main steps that will be carried out in T1.2. For conciseness and to avoid replication between D1.3 and D1.1, D1.3 mostly includes additional clarifications and details as compared to D1.1. Therefore, the reader should first familiarize with D1.1 before reading D1.3. The intended audience of D1.3 includes all members of the 5G-TIMBER consortium and the Project Officer.
Momentum Injection by Supernovae in the Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Kim, Chang-Goo
name: Ostriker, Eve C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernova (SN) explosions deposit prodigious energy and momentum in their environments, with the former regulating multiphase thermal structure and the latter regulating turbulence and star formation rates in the interstellar medium (ISM). However, systematic studies quantifying the impact of SNe in realistic inhomogeneous ISM conditions have been lacking. Using three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, we investigate the dependence of radial momentum injection on both physical conditions (considering a range of mean density n=0.1-100) and numerical parameters. Our inhomogeneous simulations adopt two-phase background states that result from thermal instability in atomic gas. Although the SNR morphology becomes highly complex for inhomogeneous backgrounds, the radial momentum injection is remarkably insensitive to environmental details. For our two-phase simulations, the final momentum produced by a single SN is given by 2.8*10^5 M_sun*km/s n^{-0.17}. This is only 5% less than the momentum injection for a homogeneous environment with the same mean density, and only 30% greater than the momentum at the time of shell formation. The maximum mass in hot gas is quite insensitive to environmental inhomogeneity. Strong magnetic fields alter the hot gas mass at very late times, but the momentum injection remains the same. Initial experiments with multiple spatially-correlated SNe show a momentum per event nearly as large as single-SN cases. We also present a full numerical parameter study to assess convergence requirements. For convergence in the momentum and other quantities, we find that the numerical resolution dx and the initial size of the SNR r_init must satisfy dx, r_init
description: 51 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Substance use and driver fatality in Norway: An expanded case-control study
Creators: name: Gjerde, Hallvard
name: Jamt, Ragnhild Elen Gjulem
name: Stenehjem, Jo Steinson
name: Bogstrand, Stig Tore
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Using alcohol or psychoactive drugs before driving a motor vehicle may increase the risk of crash involvement, injury, and death. This is better documented for alcohol than for drugs. The aim of this study was to expand a previous case-control study on substance use and driver fatality by doubling the number of cases and controls, and hence improve the statistical power and enable the analysis of combined substance use. We collected data on alcohol and drug use from all 1197 drivers of cars and vans who were fatally injured in road traffic crashes in Norway between 2005 and 2020 (‘cases’) by analyzing blood samples or reviewing other information on substance use. We also collected data on alcohol and drug use among 17,219 drivers in random road traffic (‘controls’) by analyzing oral fluid samples. Substance use was converted to dichotomous variables (no use/use). We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of driver fatality for mutually exclusive substance groups, adjusted for sex, age, geographic region, urban centrality class, and time interval of the week. Compared to no substance use, the aOR (95% CI) for driver fatality was for alcohol 91 (61-137), stimulants (primarily amphetamines) aOR 22 (9-56), benzodiazepines and z-hypnotics (BZDs) aOR 4.0 (2.7-5.9), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) aOR 3.4 (1.7-6.7), and opioids aOR 1.4 (0.4-4.9). The aOR for any polysubstance use was 168 (96-297). The combinations of BZDs with stimulants or THC were associated with markedly higher aORs for driver fatality than the use of single substance groups. Alcohol and polysubstance use are the most important predictors of fatal injury, followed by stimulants.
Mobile phone conversation during nighttime driving: Effects on driving behavior
Creators: name: Andrikopoulou, Eleni
name: Spyropoulou, Ioanna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Space Science
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: This study aims to investigate the impact of mobile phone use (specifically, conversation), considering various use modes, on driving behavior at night. Mobile phone use is a source of driver distraction and has been associated with increased accident risk. Driving at night also entails higher accident risk and severity compared to daytime driving. Several studies have investigated the impact of mobile phone use on driving behavior; however, only a few have explored the differences between the different use modes. Most present studies involved daytime driving, although mobile phone use at night is equally if not more prevalent. A driving simulator experiment was designed in which 55 participants drove under nighttime simulator conditions, in different road environments (urban and rural) and under different types of distraction: no distraction, handheld, wired earphone, and speaker mode. The drives were performed during late afternoon and evening hours to resemble nighttime conditions both in the simulator and in the actual environment. Participants also completed a questionnaire for collection of different types of data. Results highlight the effect of mobile phone use on driving behavior, through specific indicators. Mobile phone use resulted in reduced 85th percentile driving speed and 85th percentile acceleration and increased reaction time and lateral deviation. However, safer stopping distance was observed in rural roads. Parameters relative to mobile phone use familiarity and exposure were found to mitigate mobile phone use effects. Mobile phones affect driving behavior at night in a similar manner to that noted in several different studies considering daytime driving. The hands-free regulation should be revisited, because driver distraction also occurred under this particular use mode. Further research is required considering mobile phone use familiarity and exposure and effects of mobile phone use, because the latter is reduced with an increase in the former. Stopping distance, an understudied but more immediate surrogate measure of road safety, was increased with mobile phone use, mainly as a result of the risk compensation behavior that drivers adopt, indicating that more research is required in this field.
Performance of an ultra-pure NaI(Tl) detector produced by an indigenously-developed purification method and crystal growth for the COSINE-200 experiment
Creators: name: Lee, Hyun Seok
name: Park, Byung Ju
name: Choi, Jae Jin
name: Gileva, Olga
name: Ha, Chang Hyon
name: Iltis, Alain
name: Jeon, Eun Ju
name: Kim, Dae Yeon
name: Kim, Kyung Won
name: Kim, Sung Hyun
name: Kim, Sun Kee
name: Kim, Yeong Duk
name: Ko, Young Ju
name: Lee, Cheol Ho
name: Lee, Hyun Su
name: Lee, In Soo
name: Lee, Moo Hyun
name: Ra, Se Jin
name: Son, Ju Kyung
name: Shin, Keon Ah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The COSINE-100 experiment has been operating with 106 kg of low-background NaI(Tl) detectors to test the results from the DAMA/LIBRA experiment, which claims to have observed dark matter. However, since the background of the NaI(Tl) crystals used in the COSINE-100 experiment is 2-3 times higher than that in the DAMA detectors, no conclusion regarding the claimed observation from the DAMA/LIBRA experiment could be reached. Therefore, we plan to upgrade the current COSINE-100 experiment to the next phase, COSINE-200, by using ultra-low background NaI(Tl) detectors. The basic principle was already proved with the commercially available Astro-grade NaI powder from Sigma-Aldrich company. However, we have developed a mass production process of ultra-pure NaI powder at the Center for Underground Physics (CUP) of the Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Korea, using the direct purification of the raw NaI powder. We plan to produce more than 1,000 kg of ultra-pure powder for the COSINE200 experiment. With our crystal grower installed at CUP, we have successfully grown a low-background crystal using our purification technique for the NaI powder. We have assembled a low-background NaI(Tl) detector. In this article, we report the performance of this ultra-pure NaI(Tl) crystal detector produced at IBS, Korea.
Optical Properties of Concentric Nanorings of Quantum Emitters
Creators: name: Scheil, Verena
name: Holzinger, Raphael
name: Moreno-Cardoner, Maria
name: Ritsch, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A ring of sub-wavelength spaced dipole-coupled quantum emitters features extraordinary optical properties when compared to a one-dimensional chain or a random collection of emitters. One finds the emergence of extremely subradiant collective eigenmodes similar to an optical resonator, which feature strong 3D sub-wavelength field confinement. Motivated by structures commonly appearing in natural light harvesting complexes, we extend these studies to stacked concentric multi-ring geometries. We predict that double rings allow to engineer significantly darker and better confined collective excitation states over a broader energy band compared to the single ring case. These potentially enhance weak field absorption and low loss excitation energy transport. For the specific geometry of the three rings appearing in the natural LH2 antenna we show that the coupling between the lower double ring structure and the higher energy blue shifted single ring is very close to a critical value for the actual size of the molecule. This creates collective excitations with significant contributions from all three rings as a vital ingredient for efficient and fast coherent inter-ring transport. Such a geometry thus should prove useful for the design of sub-wavelength weak field antennas.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures
Thermoelectric properties of Weyl and Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Lundgren, Rex
name: Laurell, Pontus
name: Fiete, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic contribution to the thermal conductivity and the thermopower of Weyl and Dirac semimetals using a semiclassical Boltzmann approach. We investigate the effect of various relaxation processes including disorder and interactions on the thermoelectric properties, and also consider doping away from the Weyl or Dirac point. We find that the thermal conductivity and thermopower have an interesting dependence on the chemical potential that is characteristic of the linear electronic dispersion, and that the electron-electron interactions modify the Lorenz number. For the interacting system, we also use the Kubo formalism to obtain the transport coefficients. We find exact agreement between the Kubo and Boltzmann approaches at high temperatures. We also consider the effect of electric and magnetic fields on the thermal conductivity in various orientations with respect to the temperature gradient. Notably, when the temperature gradient and magnetic field are parallel, we find a large contribution to the longitudinal thermal conductivity that is quadratic in the magnetic field strength, similar to the magnetic field dependence of the longitudinal electrical conductivity due to the presence of the chiral anomaly when no thermal gradient is present.
description: 17 pages, 2 Figures
Dwarf spheroidal galaxies as degenerate gas of free fermions
Creators: name: Domcke, Valerie
name: Urbano, Alfredo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze a simple scenario in which Dark Matter (DM) consists of free fermions with mass $m_f$. We assume that on galactic scales these fermions are capable of forming a degenerate Fermi gas, in which stability against gravitational collapse is ensured by the Pauli exclusion principle. The mass density of the resulting configuration is governed by a non-relativistic Lane-Emden equation, thus leading to a universal cored profile that depends only on one free parameter in addition to $m_f$. After reviewing the basic formalism, we test this scenario against experimental data describing the velocity dispersion of the eight classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies of the Milky Way. We find that, despite its extreme simplicity, the model exhibits a good fit to the data and realistic predictions for the size of DM halos providing that $m_f\simeq 200$ eV. Furthermore, we show that in this setup larger galaxies correspond to the non-degenerate limit of the gas. We propose a concrete realization of this model in which DM is produced non-thermally via inflaton decay. We show that imposing the correct relic abundance and the bound on the free-streaming length constrains the inflation model in terms of inflaton mass, its branching ratio into DM and the reheating temperature.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. v3: Comparison with numerical data on mean densities added (Fig. 7). Version to be published in JCAP
title: Gender im DaF-Lehrwerk "Menschen"
Creators: name: Mach, Vera Sophia
Year: 2021

description: Die Arbeit untersucht die Forschungsfrage, wie im DaF-Lehrwerk „Menschen“ Gender performativ konstituiert wird. Dafür werden verschiedene Theorien über die Hervorbringung von Gender dargestellt. Ein Schwerpunkt liegt auf den Theorien der Gender-Performativität (Judith Butler) und Doing Gender (West und Zimmerman). Diese Theorien werden kontextualisiert. Ein Zusammenhang zu Lehrwerkanalysen im Bereich DaF/DaZ und zu genderbezogenen Lehrwerkanalysen wird hergestellt. In Form einer Qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse werden Bilder, Sprache, Gender-Performativität und Aspekte der Intersektionalität untersucht und in Bezug auf Heteronormativität und Genderstereotype hinterfragt.
String Field Theory Solution for Any Open String Background
Creators: name: Erler, Theodore
name: Maccaferri, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exact solution of open bosonic string field theory which can be used to describe any time-independent open string background. The solution generalizes an earlier construction of Kiermaier, Okawa, and Soler, and assumes the existence of boundary condition changing operators with nonsingular OPEs and vanishing conformal dimension. Our main observation is that boundary condition changing operators of this kind can describe nearly any open string background provided the background shift is accompanied by a timelike Wilson line of sufficient strength. As an application we analyze the tachyon lump describing the formation of a D$(p-1)$-brane in the string field theory of a D$p$-brane, for generic compactification radius. This not only provides a proof of Sen's second conjecture, but also gives explicit examples of higher energy solutions, confirming analytically that string field theory can "reverse" the direction of the worldsheet RG flow. We also find multiple D-brane solutions, demonstrating that string field theory can add Chan-Paton factors and change the rank of the gauge group. Finally, we show how the solution provides a remarkably simple and nonperturbative proof of the background independence of open bosonic string field theory.
description: V2: 42 pages, 11 figures, typos corrected
Topological black holes in higher derivative gravity
Creators: name: Pravdova, Alena
name: Pravda, Vojtech
name: Ortaggio, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study static black holes in quadratic gravity with planar and hyperbolic symmetry and non-extremal horizons. We obtain a solution in terms of an infinite power-series expansion around the horizon, which is characterized by two independent integration constants -- the black hole radius and the strength of the Bach tensor at the horizon. While in Einstein's gravity, such black holes require a negative cosmological constant $Λ$, in quadratic gravity they can exist for any sign of $Λ$ and also for $Λ=0$. Different branches of Schwarzschild-Bach-(A)dS or purely Bachian black holes are identified which admit distinct Einstein limits. Depending on the curvature of the transverse space and the value of $Λ$, these Einstein limits result in (A)dS-Schwarzschild spacetimes with a transverse space of arbitrary curvature (such as black holes and naked singularities) or in Kundt metrics of the (anti-)Nariai type (i.e., dS$_2\times$S$^2$, AdS$_2\times$H$^2$, and flat spacetime). In the special case of toroidal black holes with $Λ=0$, we also discuss how the Bach parameter needs to be fine-tuned to ensure that the metric does not blow up near infinity and instead matches asymptotically a Ricci-flat solution.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
Multibeam Blind Search of Targeted SETI Observations toward 33 Exoplanet Systems with FAST
Creators: name: Luan, Xiao-Hang
name: Tao, Zhen-Zhao
name: Zhao, Hai-Chen
name: Huang, Bo-Lun
name: Li, Shi-Yu
name: Liu, Cong
name: Wang, Hong-Feng
name: Liu, Wen-Fei
name: Zhang, Tong-Jie
name: Gajjar, Vishal
name: Werthimer, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) is to search for technosignatures associated with extraterrestrial life, such as engineered radio signals. In this paper, we apply the multibeam coincidence matching (MBCM) strategy, and propose a new search mode based on the MBCM which we call MBCM blind search mode. In our recent targeted SETI research, 33 exoplanet systems are observed by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). With this blind search mode, we search for narrowband drifting signals across $1.05-1.45$ GHz in two orthogonal linear polarization directions separately. There are two special signals, one of which can only be detected by the blind search mode while the other can be found by both blind and targeted search modes. This result reveals huge advantages of the new blind search mode. However, we eliminate the possibility of the special signals being ETI signals based on much evidence, such as the polarization, drift, frequency and beam coverage characteristics. Our observations achieve an unprecedented sensitivity and our work provides a deeper understanding to the polarization analysis of extraterrestrial signals.
description: 15 pages, 1 table, 7 figures. Matches AJ published version. Based on MBCM strategy by Zhen-Zhao Tao et al (2022 AJ 164 160), we propose a new search mode: MBCM blind search mode for FAST SETI observations
title: Emotional markierte Sprache und ihre Aufbereitung in Lehrbüchern des Slowakischen
Creators: name: Majzlan, Viktoria
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit behandelte das Auftreten der emotional markierten Sprache in den Lehrwerken zur slowakischen Sprache. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit erfolgte zuerst eine Beschreibung der Definition, Bildung und Verwendung der Diminutiva und Augmentativa im Slowakischen sowie ein kurzer Vergleich jener Bereiche mit der deutschen Sprache. Es wurde auch dargelegt, auf welchen Wortbildungsvorgängen die synthetische Diminution und Augmentation im Slowakischen und im Deutschen basieren. Der praktische Teil umfasste drei Forschungsbereiche: Zum einen wurde untersucht, ob die in der slowakischen Sprache tendenziell häufig verwendeten Diminutiva und Augmentativa als eigenes grammatikalisches und lexikalisches Thema in den von mir achtzehn untersuchten Lehrwerken zur slowakischen Sprache behandelt werden. Zum anderen wurde untersucht, ob die emotional markierte Wortschatzschicht in den diversen Texten und Übungen der beschriebenen Lehrwerke als Vokabel auftreten und ob ihre Bildung und Funktion im Anschluss auch erklärt werden, oder ob jene Formen dort nur als Wörter auftauchen. Falls ihre Bildung und Funktion nicht erklärt wurde, habe ich versucht, die Bedeutung und Funktion jener Formen selbst zu analysieren und mit der in der Theorie angeführten Funktionen von Diminutiva und Augmentativa zu vergleichen. Im dritten Teil der Untersuchung wurden alle Texte und Übungen präsentiert, die aufgrund bestimmter klassischer Merkmale für die Verwendung von emotional markierter Sprache ungeeignet sind, weswegen diese dort auch nicht aufgetreten ist. All jene Texte wurden kategorisch präsentiert und beschrieben. Falls manche Texte aufgrund ähnlicher oder gleicher Merkmale analog waren, wurden diese in einer Gruppe zusammengefasst.
Strong Cosmic Censorship in light of Weak Gravity Conjecture for Charged Black Holes
Creators: name: Sadeghi, Jafar
name: Alipour, Mohammad Reza
name: Gashti, Saeed Noori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the strong cosmic censorship conjecture (SCC) for charged black holes in the de Sitter space by considering the weak gravity conjecture (WGC). Using analytical methods, we find that the SCC is preserved for dS-charged black holes with respect to some restriction $qQ\gg1$ and $r_+\geq Q$ with the help of the WGC condition viz $\frac{q}{m}\geq 1$ for scalar fields. Where q, m are the charge and mass of the scalar field, and $r_+$, Q determine the radius of the outer event horizon and the charge of the black hole, respectively. In that case, when the (WGC) is valid, SCC will definitely be satisfied for the dS-charged black holes. On the other hand, the SCC is violated when the WGC is not satisfied. Also, we examined the RN-dS charged black hole in the extremality state and found that SCC can be violated with the condition $Λr_+^2=1$.
description: 15 pages, Accepted version for publishing in the Journal of High Energy Physics
Motion of halo compact objects in the gravitational potential of a low-mass model of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Sikora, Szymon
name: Bratek, Łukasz
name: Jałocha, Joanna
name: Kutschera, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, we determined a lower bound for the Milky Way mass in a point mass approximation. This result was obtained for most general spherically symmetric phase-space distribution functions consistent with a measured radial velocity dispersion. As a stability test of these predictions against a perturbation of the point mass potential, in this paper we make use of a representative of these functions to set the initial conditions for a simulation in a more realistic potential of similar mass and accounting for other observations. The predicted radial velocity dispersion profile evolves to forms still consistent with the measured profile, proving structural stability of the point mass approximation and the reliability of the resulting mass estimate of $2.1\times10^{11}\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ within $150\,\mathrm{kpc}$. We also find an interesting coincidence with the recent estimates based on the kinematics of the extended Orphan Stream. As a byproduct, we obtain the equations of motion in axial symmetry from a nonstandard Hamiltonian, and derive a formula in the spherical symmetry relating the radial velocity dispersion profile to a directly measured kinematical observable.
description: v2: refs to Orphan Stream, shortened & clearer text, figures to black&white;