cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
HF radar quality control procedures shared by Jerico, Copernicus, SeaDataNet infrastructures
Creators: name: Corgnati, Lorenzo
name: Mantovani, Carlo
name: Novellino, Antonio
name: Rubio, Anna
name: Mader, Julien
Publisher: name: Ifremer
Year: 2018

description: This document describes the shared quality control procedures among JERICO-NEXT, Copernicus Marine in situ and SeaDataNet infrastructures.
It was piblished as deliverable D5.14 of JERICO-NEXT project (Joint European Research Infrastructure network for Coastal Observatory - Novel European eXpertise for coastal observaTories).
Spectroscopy of MACHO 97-SMC-1: self-lensing within the SMC
Creators: name: Sahu, Kailash C.
name: Sahu, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: More than a dozen microlensing events have been detected so far towards the LMC and 2 towards the SMC. If all the lenses are in the Galactic halo, both the LMC and the SMC events are expected to have similar time scales. However, the first event towards the SMC, MACHO 97-SMC-1, had a time scale of 123 days which is much larger than the typical time scale for the LMC events. From optical depth estimates, we first show that the stars within the SMC play a dominant role as gravitational lenses and can fully account for the observed microlensing events, mainly due to its large physical depth. We also show that if the lenses are within the Magellanic Clouds, then the SMC events should be longer in duration than the LMC events, a fact that is consistent with the observations. The time scale of the event implies that the mass of the lens is >2 solar masses if it is in the Milky Way disk or halo, in which case the lens is expected to be bright and should reveal itself in the spectrum. Here, we present an optical spectrum of MACHO 97-SMC-1 which shows that the lens is not in the Milky Way disk or halo, but is a low-mass star within the SMC. It is worth noting here that MACHO SMC-98-1 is the only OTHER observed event towards the SMC. This was a binary lens event where the caustic crossing time-scale as observed by PLANET, MACHO, EROS and OGLE collaborations, suggests that the lens is within the SMC. Furthermore, the only LMC event where the location of the lens is known is the binary lens event MACHO LMC-9, for which the lens is also within the LMC. Thus, ALL the 3 microlensing events towards the Magellanic Clouds for which we have independent knowledge of the location of the lenses are due to self-lensing within the Magellanic Clouds.
description: 9 pages (including 1 figure), accepted for publication in ApJ Letters (Note: displayed abstract is abridged)
Vibrational modes of Q-balls
Creators: name: Kovtun, A.
name: Nugaev, E.
name: Shkerin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study linear perturbations of classically stable Q-balls in theories admitting analytic solutions. Although the corresponding boundary value problem is non-Hermitian, the analysis of perturbations can also be performed analytically in certain regimes. We show that in theories with the flat potential, large Q-balls possess soft excitations. We also find a specific vibrational mode for Q-balls with a near-critical charge, where the perturbation theory for excitations can be developed. Comparing with the results on stability of Q-balls provides additional checks of our analysis.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures; journal version
Review: Understanding Galaxy Formation and Evolution with Long Wavelength Observations
Creators: name: Malkan, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well established in the local Universe that regions of high star-formation rate are dusty. As a result of this physical causal link, galaxies of increasing current star formation activity emit a larger proportion of their bolometric luminosity via dust absorption and re-radiation in the thermal mid- to far-infrared. Several new observations indicate that this trend continues back to earlier cosmic times, when star formation rates were very high, and a large fraction of the resulting UV power was reprocessed by dust into the infrared. For studying the more luminous, (and therefore more dusty) galaxies, infrared spectroscopy is crucial even at moderate redshifts. For the less dusty galaxies, we are still driven strongly to longer wavelengths as their redshifts increase from 5 to 10. On the observational side, infrared astronomy is about to start catching up with optical astronomy in sensitivity, spatial resolution and field-of-view. Therefore, long-wavelength observations will play the key role in our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution in the ``Immature Universe."
description: 10 pages of latex text, 4 figures and 1 table, to appear in the ASP Proceedings of "Astrophysics with Infrared Arrays: A Prelude to SIRTF"
title: Dynamic Spectral Methods for Community Detection using Grassmann Geodesics
Creators: name: Hume, Jacob
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: machine learning
subject: networks
subject: network science
subject: differential geometry
subject: optimization
subject: Engineering

description: Detecting and tracking evolving communities is an important task in network sci- ence and machine learning, with applications e.g. in neuroscience and sociology. Many classical algorithms for static community detection arise as spectral relaxations of parti- tion objectives that reward higher intra-community edge densities alongside lower (than expected) inter-community edge densities. In this report we review derivations of such algorithms, interpreting each as a flavor of principal component analysis applied to node embeddings. In this light it becomes natural to consider dynamic generalizations as subspace tracking problems. We focus in particular on a dynamic generalization of spectral clustering, formulated as a subspace tracking problem wherein the sequence of graph Laplacian subspaces is constrained to trace a suitably regular trajectory along the Grassmann manifold. Our work uses a recently developed subspace tracking approach that learns the Grassmann geodesic parameters which best fit the data. Performance on synthetic data and real data is benchmarked against various dynamic community detection algorithms, as well as against other Grassmann subspace tracking methods, which we adapt for this application. These preliminary experiments indicate that our algorithms generally perform well relative to the benchmarks.
Experiências dos operacionais húngaros em Angola depoimentos
Creators: name: János, Besenyő
name: Búr Gábor
name: Horváth Sándor
name: Rákóczi István
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 160604 Defence Studies
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 210399 Historical Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 210310 Middle Eastern and African History

description: Nas missões da ONU de manutenção de paz em Angola, entre 1991 e 1999, prestaram serviço militares e polícias húngaros. Para além de testemunhos pessoais, o presente livro oferece um relance sobre a história de Angola e sobrea complexidade étnico-religiosa da sua sociedade e cultura, incluindo também os aspectos económicos e geopolíticos da actualidade neste país.Os militares e policiais húngaros que chegaram a Angola cumpriram principalmente tarefas de verifi cação e de observação da paz, e fi zeram-no num contexto assaz puritano e muito diferente quando comparado com as condições húngaras, no que diz respeito ao clima e higiene. Para estes operacionais, o perigo maior, além dos provenientes do próprio exercício da sua atividadede manutenção de paz, foram as doenças contagiosas e tropicais, como a malária, a varíola, a disenteria ou o tifo.É muito provável que a maioria dos leitores nunca tenha ouvido falar sobre as diversas relações que uniram Angola e Hungria, países fi sicamente tão distantes.A título de exemplo: Magyar László, chegado ao território da actual Angola em 1848, como enviado do sultão de Kalabar, acaba por casar um ano depois com uma das fi lhas do rei do Bié. O diário que escreveu informa-nos detalhadamente sobre as suas viagens de exploração e, em reconhecimento do alto valor das suas observações, em 1858 este ‘descobridor’ húngaro foi eleito membro correspondente da Academia das Ciências Húngaras. Desafortunadamente,a maioria dos seus papéis perdeu-se num incêndio em Benguela, pelo que a sua obra persiste apenas de forma fragmentária.Os autores do presente volume foram entrevistando e recolhendo as memórias ainda vivas dos observadores húngaros da ONU, cujas experiências pessoaisem Angola – relatadas nas páginas seguintes – enriquecem os nossos conhecimentos. Ao informar-nos do quotidiano duma missão, os seus valiosos depoimentos tornam próximo e humano o mundo tão distante em quetrabalharam.Constitui um motivo de alegria especial este excelente livro – fruto da colaboração do Centro de Investigação Científi ca do Estado Maior do Exército Húngaro, da Embaixada de Angola e da Universidade ELTE de Budapeste ser agora publicado em português, reforçando as relações de amizade que unem os dois povos. Sinto-me satisfeito e orgulhoso pelo empenho dos soldados húngaros, que souberam contribuir para o estabelecimento da estabilidadee da paz angolanas.
title: Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Shock Wave Interactions on MgO/Epoxy Interface
Creators: name: Qiu, Yifei
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: research
subject: computational fluid dynamics
subject: physics
subject: computer science
subject: Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability
subject: Engineering

description: This research investigates comparing experimental and analytical data in the context of Richtmyer-Meshkov Instability. Using simulations with MgO and epoxy interface setups, the study explores the properties of MgO within the Earth's mantle. The findings reveal a strong alignment between simulations, theory, and experiments across different conditions by conducting simulations under varying initial conditions and comparing them with theoretical and experimental results. This congruence enhances our simulation model's validity and provides valuable data for future research.
New Insights into the Early Stage of the Galactic Chemical Evolution
Creators: name: Tsujimoto, Takuji
name: Shigeyama, Toshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The supernova yields of several heavy elements including alpha-, iron-group, and r-process elements are obtained as a function of the mass of their progenitor main-sequence stars M_ms from the abundance patterns of extremely metal-poor stars with a procedure recently proposed by Shigeyama and Tsujimoto (1998). The ejected masses of alpha- and iron-group elements increase with M_ms, whereas more Eu is ejected from supernovae with lower M_ms. For these several heavy elements, it is shown that the average abundance ratios weighted by the Salpeter initial mass function coincide with the ratios observed in stars with -2-2 results from the mixing of the products from a whole site of the nucleosynthesis, taking place on the timescale longer than 10^9yr.
description: 5 pages including 3 figures, to appear in ApJ Letters
Analog Errors in Ising Machines
Creators: name: Albash, Tameem
name: Martin-Mayor, Victor
name: Hen, Itay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent technological breakthroughs have precipitated the availability of specialized devices that promise to solve NP-Hard problems faster than standard computers. These `Ising Machines' are however analog in nature and as such inevitably have implementation errors. We find that their success probability decays exponentially with problem size for a fixed error level, and we derive a sufficient scaling law for the error in order to maintain a fixed success probability. We corroborate our results with experiment and numerical simulations and discuss the practical implications of our findings.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures. v2: Updated to published version
Product User Manual for Copernicus in situ TAC delayed mode dataset INSITU_GLO_TS_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_001_b called CORA
Creators: name: Szekely, Tanguy
Publisher: name: Copernicus in situ TAC
Year: 2019

description: This Product User Manual describes CORA-GLOBAL dataset and the additional dataset EasyCORA. These datasets are distributed as product INSITU_GLO_TS_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_001_b in CMEMS catalogue. This document explain how the datasets are build, what is the content, which data services are available to have access to the data. Product INSITU_GLO_TS_REP_OBSERVATIONS_013_001_b is generated by the company OceanScope and the Coriolis team (the Data Centre and the R&D team) in Brest, France. It provides global Temperature and Salinity observations. This dataset (also called CORA-GLOBAL, Cabanes et al., 2013, doi:10.5194/osd-9-1273-2012) is a reanalysis of these Real / Near Real Time insitu data in delayed-mode. The Easy CORA dataset in an extraction of the CORA-GLOBAL dataset providing only the best quality measurements with a vertical and temporal sub setting.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XIVe siècle), Cart. 24 (G 137), 31 folios, f. 0041
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2011
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XIVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 24 (G 137), 31 folios, f. 0041, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (XIVe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 24 (G 137), 31 folios, f. 0041, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
title: Deformation Analysis of Horizontal Microreactor Control Drums Using Finite Element Methods
Creators: name: Howey, Karina
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: nuclear energy
subject: microreactors
subject: finite element analysis
subject: 3D rendering
subject: thermomechanics
subject: Engineering

description: With the diminishing availability of fossil fuel energy and the escalating impacts of climate change, nuclear energy is gaining recognition as a sustainable alternative. However, conventional large light-water nuclear reactors (LLWRs) in the United States pose a substantial financial hurdle due to their high upfront costs. To address this barrier, the development of nuclear microreactors, producing around 1 MWe instead of 1 GWe, is underway. HolosGen is actively designing a microreactor with a non-traditional geometry, deviating from the standard model employed since the 1950s. This project aims to assess the deformation of control components in the microreactor during operation and identify necessary refinements for improved fidelity in design. The reactor geometry proposed by HolosGen differs from a LLWR. In a LLWR, the reactor vessel is oriented vertically, and the control components (typically rods or blades) move in and out of the fuel region to control the reaction rate. In the Holosgen mircoreactor design, the reactor vessel is horizontal, and the control components are rotating cylinders (known as control drums) on the periphery of the vessel. This alteration in geometry introduces a different gravitational impact on the components. Additionally, the cylinder is comprised of two discrete materials. The different coefficients of thermal expansion are predicted to cause significant stress within the control element. This project explored the effects of gravity and thermal expansion of a control drum using ANSYS Discovery, a finite element method.
Cornering sgluons with four-top-quark events
Creators: name: Darmé, Luc
name: Fuks, Benjamin
name: Goodsell, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of colour-octet scalar states, often dubbed sgluons, is predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics, such as supersymmetric realisations featuring Dirac gauginos. Such states have a large pair-production rate at hadron colliders and mainly decay into pairs of jets and top quarks. Consequently, they represent a primary target for experimental searches for new resonances in the multijet and multitop channels at the Large Hadron Collider. Adopting a phenomenologically-motivated simplified model, we reinterpret the results of a recent experimental search for the four-top-quark Standard Model signal, from which we constrain the sgluon mass to be larger than about 1.06 TeV. We additionally consider how modifications of the existing four-top-quark studies could enhance our ability to unravel the presence of scalar octets in data.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. References added, matches published version
emrbots docs sept 16 2018.pdf
Creators: name: Kartoun, Uri
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 80702 Health Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Electronic medical records (EMR) contain sensitive personal information. For example, they may include details about infectious diseases, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or they may contain information about a mental illness. They may also contain other sensitive information such as medical details related to fertility treatments. Because EMRs are subject to confidentiality requirements, accessing and analyzing EMR databases is a privilege given to only a small number of individuals. Individuals who work at institutions that do not have access to EMR systems have no opportunity to gain hands-on experience with this valuable resource. Simulated medical databases are currently available; however, they are difficult to configure and are limited in their resemblance to real clinical databases. Generating highly accessible repositories of virtual patient EMRs while relying only minimally on real patient data is expected to serve as a valuable resource to a broader audience of medical personnel, including those who reside in underdeveloped countries.
Quantum algorithms for systems of linear equations inspired by adiabatic quantum computing
Creators: name: Subasi, Yigit
name: Somma, Rolando D.
name: Orsucci, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two quantum algorithms based on evolution randomization, a simple variant of adiabatic quantum computing, to prepare a quantum state $\vert x \rangle$ that is proportional to the solution of the system of linear equations $A \vec{x}=\vec{b}$. The time complexities of our algorithms are $O(κ^2 \log(κ)/ε)$ and $O(κ\log(κ)/ε)$, where $κ$ is the condition number of $A$ and $ε$ is the precision. Both algorithms are constructed using families of Hamiltonians that are linear combinations of products of $A$, the projector onto the initial state $\vert b \rangle$, and single-qubit Pauli operators. The algorithms are conceptually simple and easy to implement. They are not obtained from equivalences between the gate model and adiabatic quantum computing. They do not use phase estimation or variable-time amplitude amplification, and do not require large ancillary systems. We discuss a gate-based implementation via Hamiltonian simulation and prove that our second algorithm is almost optimal in terms of $κ$. Like previous methods, our techniques yield an exponential quantum speedup under some assumptions. Our results emphasize the role of Hamiltonian-based models of quantum computing for the discovery of important algorithms.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures. Changes in version 2: - Includes a simpler algorithm for the special case of positive matrices. - Added pseudocode for the algorithms - Overall improved presentation
Post-Operative Intraoral Herpes Infection of the Hard palate – An appraisal and Case Report
Creators: name: Nassani, Leonardo
name: Nassani, Mowafak
name: Z.G. Touyz, Louis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110505 Oral Medicine and Pathology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Herpes simplex’s virus-1 (HSV-1) commonly infects the mucosal layer of different human organs. This case reports a 60-year-old man suffering from the HSV-1 infection of the hard palate after a dental procedure. Personal history, a thorough medical examination, and laboratory tests confirmed a recur- rent infection by HSV-1. Many pre-disposing factors may reactivate HSV-1 virus from its’ latent phase. Prescribed therapy was to relieve symptoms and to optimally accelerate healing time. No vaccine exists against HSV-1but recrudescence of the infection may be prevented with targeted management and prophylactic measures.
Divergent synthesis of cyclopropane-containing fragments and lead-like compounds for drug discovery
Creators: name: Chawner, Stephen John
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The cyclopropane ring is key to a large number of medicinally‑relevant compounds that possess a broad spectrum of biological activities. This thesis details the preparation of novel bifunctional cyclopropanes through a divergent functionalisation approach utilising two readily accessible cyclopropyl‑scaffolds. The cyclopropanes generated sampled new areas of chemical space whilst being suitable 3‑dimensional fragments and lead-like compounds for drug discovery. A novel CoII-catalysed cyclopropanation generates two diastereoisomeric bifunctional cyclopropyl-scaffolds from commercially available reagents in an excellent yield and can be conducted on multi-gram scales. Asymmetric cyclopropanation has been explored with max ee = 73%. Divergent functionalisation of the ester was explored, utilising hydrolysis, reduction and amidation reactions to create a variety of functionalised cyclopropyl sulfides. The sulfide synthetic handle was oxidised to give the corresponding sulfoxides or sulfone selectively. Sulfoxide–magnesium exchange was explored and the cyclopropyl-organometallic species generated was trapped with a variety of electrophiles to create a diverse range of cyclopropane-containing products. The cyclopropyl-organometallic species was also utilised in Negishi cross-coupling, proving to be a versatile method to attach an aromatic or heteroaromatic directly onto the cyclopropane ring.
Real Time Quality Control and Validation of Current Measurements inferred from Drifter Data within Copernicus In Situ TAC
Creators: name: Notarstefano, Giulio
name: Gerin, Riccardo
name: Bussani, Antonio
name: Bolzon, Giorgio
name: Poulain, Pierre-Marie
Publisher: name: Copernicus in situ TAC
Year: 2010

description: This scientific document describes the method developed in order to perform the real time quality control (RTQC) and the validation procedure on current measurements derived from surface drifters. The RTQC and the validation procedure are some of the fundamental functions (summarized in Figure 1) to be implemented by the In-Situ TAC (Thematic Assembly Centres) component within the MyOcean project - Work Package (WP) 15. The methods of RTQC of current data given within this document are based on IOC/IODE (1993), Mersea (2005) and SeaDataNet (2007) QC procedures.
Localising memory retrieval and syntactic composition: an fMRI study of naturalistic language comprehension
Creators: name: Shohini Bhattasali
name: Fabre, Murielle
name: Luh, Wen-Ming
name: Saied, Hazem Al
name: Constant, Mathieu
name: Pallier, Christophe
name: Brennan, Jonathan R.
name: R. Nathan Spreng
name: Hale, John
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This study examines memory retrieval and syntactic composition using fMRI while participants listen to a book, The Little Prince. These two processes are quantified drawing on methods from computational linguistics. Memory retrieval is quantified via multi-word expressions that are likely to be stored as a unit, rather than built-up compositionally. Syntactic composition is quantified via bottom-up parsing that tracks tree-building work needed in composed syntactic phrases. Regression analyses localise these to spatially-distinct brain regions. Composition mainly correlates with bilateral activity in anterior temporal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus. Retrieval of stored expressions drives right-lateralised activation in the precuneus. Less cohesive expressions activate well-known nodes of the language network implicated in composition. These results help to detail the neuroanatomical bases of two widely-assumed cognitive operations in language processing.
title: RecovAir: Model-driven airline scheduling tool for disruption recovery
Creators: name: Peng, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: agent-based modeling
subject: simulation
subject: aviation
subject: airlines
subject: software applications
subject: Engineering

description: In December 2022, Southwest Airlines suffered from a complete scheduling crisis that led to millions of stranded passengers and close to $1 billion in losses due to disruption recovery challenges. Motivated by their need for technology enhancements in scheduling, RecovAir is a prototype of a full-stack web application that enables schedulers to use an agent-based flight network simulation model incorporating aircraft, crew, and passenger itineraries to evaluate recovery plans in terms of key performance indicators. Designed according to feedback from an airline dispatcher, it aims to empower schedulers to explore tradeoffs and handle disruptions that overwhelm the airline's traditional schedule solvers. The agent-based model is developed using Rust, while the full-stack web application is built using Remix on Node.js. To evaluate the model, scenarios with aircraft locations, crew locations, and passenger demand are synthesized from publicly available flight, aircraft, and passenger data from the DOT and the FAA. Results from simulating these scenarios are validated against actual Southwest flight outcomes on January 28, 2024 and December 22, 2022.
Cytoskeletal and integrin-mediated mechanobiology of the alveolar epithelium
Creators: name: Salman, David
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: Ventilator-associated lung injury (VALI) describes the process by which mechanical ventilation of the lungs causes systemic injury. Cyclic Mechanical Strain (CMS) of alveolar epithelial cells induces cytokine release, suggesting that mechanotransduction of force into injurious biological signaling occurs in the alveolar epithelium. The work in this thesis investigated the role of integrin and cytoskeletal signalling in CMS-induced cytokine release in these cells. Specifically, the roles of RhoA-Rho associated protein kinase (ROCK) signaling and the integrin-associated protein, CD98hc, were assessed. Inhibition of ROCK and non-muscle myosin II (NMII), and knockdown of CD98hc abrogated CMS-induced IL-8 release. Preliminary data obtained using FRET probes indicated that CD98hc knockdown reduced baseline RhoA activity. To investigate these pathways upon CMS-induced injury in intact human lung, and to generate translational data, we established a model of CMS using precision-cut lung slices (PCLS). CMS induced cytokine release in both murine and human PCLS and there was also an indication that cells spatially correlating with ATII proliferated in response to CMS. These data suggest a key role for the RhoA-ROCK-NMII axis in the mechanotransduction of CMS in the alveolar epithelium. CD98hc may modulate baseline RhoA expression and CMS-induced injurious signalling by affecting baseline cellular pre-stress. PCLS respond to CMS thereby enabling mechanotransduction studies in human tissue with near physiological conditions. This will potentially facilitate future translational research in VALI.
Measuring the three-dimensional shear from simulation data, with applications to weak gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Couchman, H. M. P.
name: Barber, Andrew J.
name: Thomas, Peter A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a new three-dimensional algorithm, based on the standard P$^3$M method, for computing deflections due to weak gravitational lensing. We compare the results of this method with those of the two-dimensional planar approach, and rigorously outline the conditions under which the two approaches are equivalent. Our new algorithm uses a Fast Fourier Transform convolution method for speed, and has a variable softening feature to provide a realistic interpretation of the large-scale structure in a simulation. The output values of the code are compared with those from the Ewald summation method, which we describe and develop in detail. With an optimal choice of the high frequency filtering in the Fourier convolution, the maximum errors, when using only a single particle, are about 7 per cent, with an rms error less than 2 per cent. For ensembles of particles, used in typical $N$-body simulations, the rms errors are typically 0.3 per cent. We describe how the output from the algorithm can be used to generate distributions of magnification, source ellipticity, shear and convergence for large-scale structure.
description: 22 pages, latex, 11 figures
A New Model for the Hard Time Lags in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries
Creators: name: Boettcher, M.
name: Liang, E. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time-dependent Comptonized output of a cool soft X-ray source drifting inward through an inhomogeneous hot inner disk or corona is numerically simulated. We propose that this scenario can explain from first principles the observed trends in the hard time lags and power spectra of the rapid aperiodic variability of the X-ray emission of Galactic black-hole candidates.
description: 10 pages, including 2 figures; uses epsf.sty, rotate.sty; accepted for ApJ Letters
Real Time Quality Control of Current measurements within MyOcean and Copernicus in situ TAC
Creators: name: Hammarklint, Thomas
name: Kassis, Dimitris
name: Wehde, Henning
name: Rickards, Lesley
Publisher: name: Copernicus in situ TAC
Year: 2010

description: An important step within the MyOcean project is to uniform existing Real Time Quality Control (RTQC) and quality assurance procedures of the different nations involved. As the MyOcean service is thought to be available at any time and open to anyone, an agreement in good Real Time Quality Control (RTQC) methods and procedures is vital to guarantee high data quality distributed to users via international exchange. The agreement on the implementation of uniform RTQC procedures have the severe potential to overcome the inconsistency within the existing datasets provided actually by the international community. This document is based upon previous experiences and has the following objectives:
 - “To ensure the data consistency within a single data set and within a collection of data sets and to ensure that the quality and errors of the data are apparent to the user who has sufficient information to assess its sustainability for a task.” (IOC/IODE, Manuals and Guides 26, 1993).
One of the various tasks of the MyOcean project - the Work Package (WP) 15 – deals with the scientific and technical validation of In Situ-TAC (Technical Assembly Centres) products and forms the frame of this document the RTQC procedure for current measurements. WP15 aims to perform operational quality control (QC) of global and regional products as well as to lead scientific assessment validation activities with regional responsibilities. Beside global scale products, regional specifications are performed in the Arctic, the Black Sea, the North-western Shelves, the Baltic Sea, the South-western Shelves and the Mediterranean Sea. It follows therewith the EuroGOOS regional approach, with establishing regional alliances.
Real Time Quality Control of temperature and salinity measurements within MyOcean and Copernicus in situ TAC
Creators: name: Von Schuckmann, Karina
name: Garau, Bartolomé
name: Wehde, Henning
name: Gies, Tobias
name: Durand, Dominique
name: Reseghetti, Franco
Publisher: name: Copernicus in situ TAC
Year: 2010

description: An important step within the MyOcean project is to uniform existing Real Time Quality Control (RTQC) and quality assurance procedures of the different nations involved. As the MyOcean service is thought to be available at any time and open to anyone, an agreement in good Real Time Quality Control (RTQC) methods and procedures is vital to guarantee high data quality distributed to users via international exchange. The agreement on the implementation of uniform RTQC procedures have the severe potential to overcome the inconsistency within the existing datasets provided actually by the international community. This document is based upon previous experiences and has the following objectives:
 - “To ensure the data consistency within a single data set and within a collection of data sets and to ensure that the quality and errors of the data are apparent to the user who has sufficient information to assess its sustainability for a task.” (IOC/IODE, Manuals and Guides 26, 1993).
One of the various tasks of the MyOcean project - the Work Package (WP) 15 – deals with the scientific and technical validation of In Situ-TAC (Technical Assembly Centres) products and forms the frame of this document the RTQC procedure for Temperature and Salinity measurements.
Holographic Subregion Complexity from Kinematic Space
Creators: name: Abt, Raimond
name: Erdmenger, Johanna
name: Gerbershagen, Marius
name: Melby-Thompson, Charles M.
name: Northe, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the computation of volumes contained in a spatial slice of AdS$_3$ in terms of observables in a dual CFT. Our main tool is kinematic space, defined either from the bulk perspective as the space of oriented bulk geodesics, or from the CFT perspective as the space of entangling intervals. We give an explicit formula for the volume of a general region in the spatial slice as an integral over kinematic space. For the region lying below a geodesic, we show how to write this volume purely in terms of entangling entropies in the dual CFT. This expression is perhaps most interesting in light of the complexity=volume proposal, which posits that complexity of holographic quantum states is computed by bulk volumes. An extension of this idea proposes that the holographic subregion complexity of an interval, defined as the volume under its Ryu-Takayanagi surface, is a measure of the complexity of the corresponding reduced density matrix. If this is true, our results give an explicit relationship between entanglement and subregion complexity in CFT, at least in the vacuum. We further extend many of our results to conical defect and BTZ black hole geometries.
description: Minor changes. 36 pages, 17 figures
Cancer datasheets
Creators: name: Roelands, Jessica
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: 110706 Immunogenetics (incl. Genetic Immunology)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110709 Tumour Immunology

description: Cancer datasheets for classification of cancer samples based on tumor immune phenotype according to expression of the Immunologic Constant of Rejection gene signature.
Copernicus in situ TAC, BGC data, Recommendations for Production Centers and Data Providers
Creators: name: Jaccard, Pierre
name: Hjerman, D.
name: Norli, M.
name: Kaitala, Seppo
name: Mangin, Antoine
Publisher: name: Copernicus in situ TAC
Year: 2017

description: This document conains recommendations for Copernicus Marine in situ Production Centers and Data Providers.
Data provided to CMEMS (Copernicus Marine) must be provided in a way ensuring that their use in quality control but also for the community is obvious. While this is most often understood for physical parameters, it is not always the case for biogeochemical (BGC) data.
title: Investigation into Potential Emissions Reduction via Small-Scale Hybrid Electric Aircraft Powertrain
Creators: name: Reitz, Maria
Publisher: name: University of Michigan
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: aerospace engineering
subject: aircraft propulsion
subject: hybrid power systems
subject: internal combustion engines
subject: electric motors
subject: Engineering

description: This project presents the design rationale for the development of a parallel-hybrid electric powertrain for an 84" remote controlled aircraft. The resulting powertrain utilized a 20cc internal combustion engine and 960 W electric motor connected via a planetary gearbox to produce approximately 100 N of thrust at maximum RPM. By comparing the performance of the hybrid-electric powertrain to a baseline 40cc internal combustion engine in terms of system mass, thrust, and lifecycle emissions, the potential benefits of a hybrid-electric powertrain could be assessed. Preliminary findings agreed with the existing literature on hybrid-electric architectures that the mass penalty associated with the battery and electrical system is the largest barrier to adoption for the technology, although promising results relating to the reduction of CO_ emissions were also discovered. Over the course of the project, the challenges and opportunities associated with a hybrid-electric powertrain were identified and presented to Pratt and Whitney, along with potential implications for scaling to agricultural, private, and commercial aviation. In this way, lessons gained when working with hybrid-electric architectures at a small scale could be applied to streamline the development of larger and more complex hybrid-electric systems.
Long-time behaviour and phase transitions for the McKean--Vlasov equation on the torus
Creators: name: Carrillo, J. A.
name: Gvalani, R. S.
name: Pavliotis, G. A.
name: Schlichting, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q83 (primary), 34K18, 35Q70, 35Q84, 82C22, 82B26 (secondary)

description: We study the McKean-Vlasov equation \[ \partial_t \varrho= β^{-1} Δ\varrho + κ\nabla \cdot (\varrho \nabla (W \star \varrho)) \, , \] with periodic boundary conditions on the torus. We first study the global asymptotic stability of the homogeneous steady state. We then focus our attention on the stationary system, and prove the existence of nontrivial solutions branching from the homogeneous steady state, through possibly infinitely many bifurcations, under appropriate assumptions on the interaction potential. We also provide sufficient conditions for the existence of continuous and discontinuous phase transitions. Finally, we showcase these results by applying them to several examples of interaction potentials such as the noisy Kuramoto model for synchronisation, the Keller--Segel model for bacterial chemotaxis, and the noisy Hegselmann--Krausse model for opinion dynamics.
description: 50 pages, 3 figures, Version 3
FPGA acceleration of DNA sequencing analysis and storage
Creators: name: Arram, James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: In this work we explore how Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) can be used to alleviate the data processing bottlenecks in DNA sequencing. We focus our efforts on accelerating the FM-index, a data structure used to solve the computationally intensive string matching problems found in DNA sequencing analysis such as short read alignment. The main contributions of this work are: 1) We accelerate the FM-index using FPGAs and develop several novel methods for reducing the memory bottleneck of the search algorithm. These methods include customising the FM-index structure according to the memory architecture of the FPGA platform and minimising the number of memory accesses through both architectural and algorithmic optimisations. 2) We present a new approach for accelerating approximate string matching using the backtracking FM-index. This approach makes use of specialised approximate string matching modules and a run-time reconfigurable architecture in order to achieve both high sensitivity and high performance. 3) We extend the FM-index search algorithm for reference-based compression and accelerate it using FPGAs. This accelerated design is integrated into fastqZip and fastaZip, two new tools that we have developed for the fast and effective compression of sequence data stored in the FASTQ and FASTA formats respectively. We implement our designs on the Maxeler Max4 Platform and show that they are able to outperform state-of-the-art DNA sequencing analysis software. For instance, our hardware-accelerated compression tool for FASTQ data is able to achieve a higher compression ratio than the best performing tool, fastqz, whilst the average compression and decompression speeds are 25 and 43 times faster respectively.
Cluster vs. Field Elliptical Galaxies and Clues on their Formation
Creators: name: Bernardi, Mariangela
name: Renzini, Alvio
name: da Costa, Luiz N.
name: Wegner, Gary
name: Alonso, M. Victoria
name: Pellegrini, Paulo S.
name: Rité, Charles
name: Christopher
name: Willmer, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using new observations for a sample of 931 early-type galaxies we investigate whether the \mg2--\so relation shows any dependence on the local environment. The galaxies have been assigned to three different environments depending on the local overdensity: clusters, groups, and field, having used our completeredshift database to guide the assignment of galaxies. It is found that cluster, group and field early-type galaxies follow almost identical \mg2--\so\ relations, with the largest \mg2 zero-point difference (clusters minus field) being only $0.007\pm 0.002$ mag. No correlation of the residuals is found with the morphological type or the bulge to disk ratio. Using stellar population models in a differential fashion, this small zero-point difference implies a luminosity-weighted age difference of only $\sim 1$ Gyr between the corresponding stellar populations, with field galaxies being younger. The mass-weighted age difference could be significantly smaller, if minor events of late star formation took place preferentially in field galaxies. We combine these results with the existing evidence for the bulk of stars in cluster early-type galaxies having formed at very high redshift, and conclude that the bulk of stars in galactic spheroids had to form at high redshifts ($z\gsim 3$), no matter whether such spheroids now reside in low or high density regions. The cosmological implications of these findings are briefly discussed.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in the ApJ.L
Simulations of Jet Heating in Galaxy Clusters: Successes and Challenges
Creators: name: Martizzi, Davide
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre
name: Fielding, Drummond
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how jets driven by active galactic nuclei influence the cooling flow in Perseus-like galaxy cluster cores with idealised, non-relativistic, hydrodynamical simulations performed with the Eulerian code ATHENA using high-resolution Godunov methods with low numerical diffusion. We use novel analysis methods to measure the cooling rate, the heating rate associated to multiple mechanisms, and the power associated with adiabatic compression/expansion. A significant reduction of the cooling rate and cooling flow within 20 kpc from the centre can be achieved with kinetic jets. However, at larger scales and away from the jet axis, the system relaxes to a cooling flow configuration. Jet feedback is anisotropic and is mostly distributed along the jet axis, where the cooling rate is reduced and a significant fraction of the jet power is converted into kinetic power of heated outflowing gas. Away from the jet axis weak shock heating represents the dominant heating source. Turbulent heating is significant only near the cluster centre, but it becomes inefficient at 50 kpc scales where it only represents a few percent of the total heating rate. Several details of the simulations depend on the choice made for the hydro solver, a consequence of the difficulty of achieving proper numerical convergence for this problem: current physics implementations and resolutions do not properly capture multi-phase gas that develops as a consequence of thermal instability. These processes happen at the grid scale and leave numerical solutions sensitive to the properties of the chosen hydro solver.
description: Accepted for publication on MNRAS
A study of technology efficiency, environment and socio-economic impact of renewable energy in off-grid rural areas – The case of Bangladesh
Creators: name: Ali, Anika
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: With the aim of addressing the energy issues of remote rural communities this research undertook a technical, socio-economic and sustainability study through data collection and modelling of renewable energy adoption amongst energy deprived rural communities in off-grid parts of Khulna, Bangladesh.
Projet Connect. Rapport des essais en mer du 3 au 6 octobre 2022
Creators: name: Vincent, Benoit
name: Pochat, Alain
name: Pochat, Kristel
Publisher: name: Ifremer
Year: 2023
Subjects: Chalut
panneau de chalut
Impact physique
fonds marins
monitoring

description: Les panneaux PFV et Osprey fabriqués par Morgère et équipés des capteurs Octech Subwin ont été testés lors d’une campagne d’essais de 4 jours réalisée à bord du chalutier de 12m Ribadéo. Des mesures ont été réalisées pour évaluer les liens entre les réglages des panneaux et leur efficacité puis les liens entre la manière de les utiliser (rapport de filage, vitesse) et l’impact physique sur le fond, en utilisant le proxy de la remise en suspension de sédiment dans le sillage d’un des panneaux. Les capteurs Subwin ont ensuite été calibrés pour rendre compte en direct de l’impact des panneaux et de leur angle d’attaque. Les mesures de dynamométrie montrent un lien entre l’énergie utilisée par le navire et l’intensité du contact sur le fond. Les mesures de vibration montrent clairement la possibilité de discriminer une phase de contact d’une phase sans contact sur fond dur mais doivent être approfondies pour des fonds plus meubles.