cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Drying characteristics of bamboo bundles and the heat transfer model
Creators: name: Yang, Chen
name: Zheng, Yaxin
name: Zhao, Xiangyu
name: Zhang, Yahui
name: Wang, Zhenyu
name: Wang, Zhichuang
name: Feng, Yongshun
name: He, Zhengbin
name: Yi, Songlin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: To optimize the drying process of bamboo bundles, this study investigates the heat and mass transfer behavior during the drying process by using temperature sensors to measure the temperature field at different positions and track the overall moisture content over time. Additionally, a heat transfer model is used to simulate and predict the drying process. The analysis of the experimental results indicates that the diameter of the bamboo bundles has a greater impact on the drying rate than the drying temperature. At the same temperature, the drying time significantly decreases as the temperature increases. Under drying conditions at 80 °C, the average drying rate constant is 0.072 for bamboo bundles with a diameter of 40 mm, whereas it is only 0.015 for bundles with a diameter of 100 mm. Using Newton’s law of cooling, the convective heat transfer coefficient calculation method was derived. The average convective heat transfer coefficients at 40, 60, and 80 °C were calculated to be 6.16 W/(m2 K), 7.14 W/(m2 K), and 7.22 W/(m2 K), respectively. A mathematical model was established for the temperature at the center of the bamboo bundles, the temperature of the drying medium, the diameter of the bamboo bundles, and the drying time. This model effectively simulates the temperature variation inside the bamboo bundles, and the temperature simulation data fits well with the measured values, with a standard error of less than 2.8 °C and a prediction error of less than 6.1%. This coupled model and method provide a theoretical basis for predicting and controlling the bamboo bundle drying process, reducing energy and time consumption in actual production.
Fahlbusch, Erwin (Hrsg.) / u.a., Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon
Creators: name: Vo
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 39 Nr. 4 (1990): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 39, Heft 4
Event shapes in $e^+e^-$ annhilation at NNLO
Creators: name: Ridder, A. Gehrmann-De
name: Gehrmann, T.
name: Glover, E. W. N.
name: Heinrich, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report first results on the calculation of NNLO corrections to event shape distributions in electron-positron annhilation. The corrections are sizeable for all variables, however their magnitude is substantially different for different observables. We observe that inclusion of the NNLO corrections yields a considerably better agreement between theory and experimental data both in shape and normalisation of the event shape distributions.
description: 6 pages, contribution to the Proceedings of RADCOR07, Florence
Off-axis jet scenario for early afterglow emission of low-luminosity gamma-ray burst GRB 190829A
Creators: name: Sato, Yuri
name: Obayashi, Kaori
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
name: Murase, Kohta
name: Ohira, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have reported the detection of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays from some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). One of them, GRB~190829A, was triggered by the Swift satellite, and about 20000 s after the burst onset the VHE gamma-ray emission was detected by H.E.S.S. with ~ 5 sigma significance. This event had unusual features of having much smaller isotropic equivalent gamma-ray energy than typical long GRBs and achromatic peaks in X-ray and optical afterglow at about 1400 s. Here we propose an off-axis jet scenario that explains these observational results. In this model, the relativistic beaming effect is responsible for the apparently small isotropic gamma-ray energy and spectral peak energy. Using a jetted afterglow model, we find that the narrow jet, which has the initial Lorentz factor of 350 and the initial jet opening half-angle of 0.015 rad, viewed off-axis can describe the observed achromatic behavior in the X-ray and optical afterglow. Another wide, baryon-loaded jet is necessary for the later-epoch X-ray and radio emissions. According to our model, the VHE gamma rays observed by H.E.S.S. at 20000 s may come from the narrow jet through the synchrotron self-Compton process.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. MNRAS, in press
Impact of ultrasonic pretreatment on the color and antioxidant capacity of vacuum freeze-dried strawberries
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyue
name: Nian, Rui
name: Li, Qianyu
name: Wang, Ya
name: You, Kaiyan
name: Zhu, Danshi
name: Cao, Xuehui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Mental Health

description: To enhance the color quality and antioxidant potential of vacuum-freeze-dried strawberry tablets, ultrasonic waves were used as a freezing pretreatment. Results revealed that the * values of freeze − dried strawberries following ultrasonic pretreatment improved significantly by ∼60% and the C* values increased by 34.36%–51.65%. These findings suggest that ultrasonic pretreatment results in a brighter coloration of the strawberry samples. The ultrasound − assisted freezing treatment groups exhibited a significantly higher free radical scavenging ability compared with the nonultrasonic treatment group. This enhancement was attributed to the ultrasonic pretreatment, which increased the concentrations of total phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and anthocyanins, and effectively inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase, thereby reducing the content of red pigment in the strawberry samples. Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed a uniform distribution of sugar within the samples following ultrasonic treatment. Cluster analysis indicated that the primary indices influencing the color of the samples were total phenolic content and peroxidase activity. Therefore, the ultrasonic pretreatment method effectively enhances product color, inhibits enzyme activity, and increases anthocyanin content. This technology holds promising development prospects.
Supersymmetric Standard Model from the Heterotic String
Creators: name: Buchmuller, Wilfried
name: Hamaguchi, Koichi
name: Lebedev, Oleg
name: Ratz, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a Z_6 orbifold compactification of the E_8xE_8 heterotic string which leads to the (supersymmetric) Standard Model gauge group and matter content. The quarks and leptons appear as three 16-plets of SO(10), whereas the Higgs fields do not form complete SO(10) multiplets. The model has no exotic states at low energies and is consistent with gauge coupling unification. The top quark Yukawa coupling arises from gauge interactions and is of the order of the gauge couplings, whereas the other Yukawa couplings are suppressed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, v2: minor changes, matches published version in Phys. Rev. Lett
Dynamic Formation Reshaping Based on Point Set Registration in a Swarm of Drones
Creators: name: Yasin, Jawad N.
name: Mohamed, Sherif A. S.
name: Haghbayan, Mohammad-Hashem
name: Heikkonen, Jukka
name: Tenhunen, Hannu
name: Yasin, Muhammad Mehboob
name: Plosila, Juha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work focuses on the formation reshaping in an optimized manner in autonomous swarm of drones. Here, the two main problems are: 1) how to break and reshape the initial formation in an optimal manner, and 2) how to do such reformation while minimizing the overall deviation of the drones and the overall time, i.e., without slowing down. To address the first problem, we introduce a set of routines for the drones/agents to follow while reshaping to a secondary formation shape. And the second problem is resolved by utilizing the temperature function reduction technique, originally used in the point set registration process. The goal is to be able to dynamically reform the shape of multi-agent based swarm in near-optimal manner while going through narrow openings between, for instance obstacles, and then bringing the agents back to their original shape after passing through the narrow passage using point set registration technique.
description: Accepted to the Future of Information and Communication Conference (FICC) 2021
Besier, Gerhard / Lohse, Eduard (Hrsg.), Glaube - Bekenntnis - Kirchenrecht ...
Creators: name: Vo
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 39 Nr. 4 (1990): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 39, Heft 4
Pig muscle flap vascular resistance
Creators: name: Chao, Hubert YM
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Free muscle transfer is a surgical procedure used for treating wounds that may result from trauma, cancer excision, radiation necrosis, or defects due to congenital anomaly. It is often a salvage procedure and failure results in significant morbidity. Choke vessels may have a role in such failures. These vessels interconnect vascular territories which each have associated vascular pedicles. Choke vessels are believed to have high vascular resistance and are implicated in thrombosis leading to flap failure. The vascular resistance of choke vessels has not previously been studied. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between muscle flap vascular resistance and the presence or absence of choke vessels in the intraoperative period following muscle flap elevation in quantifiable terms. The alternative hypothesis is that the surgical resection of the zone of choke vessels from a muscle flap results in a statistically significant decrease in muscle flap vascular resistance per unit weight. Under isoflurane anaesthesia, 8 pig rectus abdominis flaps were elevated on the superior epigastric pedicle. The pedicles were sympathectomized. The flaps were serially resected towards the pedicle, resecting the zone of choke vessels in the process, with vascular resistance and flap weight determined concurrently. As the choke vessels were resected, no decrease in vascular resistance per unit weight was observed. Control flaps were included in the study, as well gracilis flaps were studied for comparison. The power of this study was 0.98. The role of choke vessels in failure of muscle flaps remains unclear. Vascular resistance per unit weight was seen to increase as muscle flaps were serially resected. A possible mechanism for this is the myogenic response. The myogenic response although well described has not previously been associated with muscle flaps.
Realising square and diamond lattice $S=1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet models in the $α$ and $β$ phases of the coordination framework, KTi(C$_2$O$_4$)$_2\cdot$\textit{x}H$_2$O
Creators: name: Abdeldaim, Aly H.
name: Li, Teng
name: Farrar, Lewis
name: Tsirlin, Alexander A.
name: Yao, Wenjiao
name: Gibbs, Alexandra S.
name: Manuel, Pascal
name: Lightfoot, Philip
name: Nilsen, Gøran J.
name: Clark, Lucy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the crystal structures and magnetic properties of two psuedo-polymorphs of the $S=1/2$ Ti$^{3+}$ coordination framework, KTi(C$_2$O$_4$)$_2\cdot$xH$_2$O. Single-crystal X-ray and powder neutron diffraction measurements on $α$-KTi(C$_2$O$_4$)$_2\cdot$xH$_2$O confirm its structure in the tetragonal $I4/mcm$ space group with a square planar arrangement of Ti$^{3+}$ ions. Magnetometry and specific heat measurements reveal weak antiferromagnetic interactions, with $J_1\approx7$ K and $J_2/J_1=0.11$ indicating a slight frustration of nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions. Below $1.8$ K, $α$ undergoes a transition to G-type antiferromagnetic order with magnetic moments aligned along the $c$ axis of the tetragonal structure. The estimated ordered moment of Ti$^{3+}$ in $α$ is suppressed from its spin-only value to $0.62(3)~μ_B$, thus verifying the two-dimensional nature of the magnetic interactions within the system. $β$-KTi(C$_2$O$_4$)$_2\cdot$2H$_2$O, on the other hand, realises a three-dimensional diamond-like magnetic network of Ti$^{3+}$ moments within a hexagonal $P6_222$ structure. An antiferromagnetic exchange coupling of $J\approx54$ K -- an order of magnitude larger than in $α$ -- is extracted from magnetometry and specific heat data. $β$ undergoes Néel ordering at $T_N=28$ K, with the magnetic moments aligned within the $ab$ plane and a slightly reduced ordered moment of $0.79~μ_B$ per Ti$^{3+}$. Through density-functional theory calculations, we address the origin of the large difference in the exchange parameters between the $α$ and $β$ psuedo-polymorphs. Given their observed magnetic behaviors, we propose $α$-KTi(C$_2$O$_4$)$_2\cdot$xH$_2$O and $β$-KTi(C$_2$O$_4$)$_2\cdot$2H$_2$O as close to ideal model $S=1/2$ Heisenberg square and diamond lattice antiferromagnets, respectively.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Absorption and scattering by interstellar dust: XMM-Newton observation of Cyg X-2
Creators: name: Costantini, E.
name: Freyberg, M. J.
name: Predehl, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of the XMM-Newton observation on the bright X-ray binary Cyg X-2. In our analysis we focus upon the absorption and scattering of the X-ray emission by interstellar dust. The scattering halo around Cyg X-2, observed with the CCD detector EPIC-pn, is well detected up to ~7 arcmin and contributes ~5-7% to the total source emission at 1 keV, depending on the dust size distribution model considered. For the first time spatially resolved spectroscopy of a scattering halo is performed. In the halo spectrum we clearly detect the signature of the interstellar dust elements: O, Mg, and Si. The spectral modeling of the halo shows a major contribution of silicates (olivine and pyroxene). The spatial analysis of the halo shows that the dust is smoothly distributed toward Cyg X-2 at least for ~60% of the path to the source. Within the instrumental limits, the data do not show preference for a specific dust size distribution; namely the Mathis, Rumpl & Nordsieck (1977) or the Weingartner & Draine (2001) model. We used the Mie theory to compute the differential scattering cross section. The RGS data were used to investigate the ISM absorption, in particular the region of the oxygen edge. Combining the RGS results with the information on dust grains provided by the EPIC-pn spectrum of the halo we estimate a column density for dust absorption by oxygen, provided that it is locked in silicate grains (abridged).
description: 15 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Electromagnetic quasinormal modes of D-dimensional black holes
Creators: name: López-Ortega, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the monodromy method we calculate the asymptotic quasinormal (QN) frequencies of an electromagnetic field moving in D-dimensional Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild de Sitter (SdS) black holes ($D\geq 4$). For the D-dimensional Schwarzschild anti-de Sitter (SadS) black hole we also compute these frequencies with a similar method. Moreover, we calculate the electromagnetic normal modes of the D-dimensional anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure. Some changes made according to referee's suggestions. Matches published version in GRG
Deformation quantization of linear dissipative systems
Creators: name: Kupriyanov, V. G.
name: Lyakhovich, S. L.
name: Sharapov, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple pseudo-Hamiltonian formulation is proposed for the linear inhomogeneous systems of ODEs. In contrast to the usual Hamiltonian mechanics, our approach is based on the use of non-stationary Poisson brackets, i.e. corresponding Poisson tensor is allowed to explicitly depend on time. Starting from this pseudo-Hamiltonian formulation we develop a consistent deformation quantization procedure involving a non-stationary star-product $*_t$ and an ``extended'' operator of time derivative $D_t=\partial_t+...$, differentiating the $\ast_t$-product. As in the usual case, the $\ast_t$-algebra of physical observables is shown to admit an essentially unique (time dependent) trace functional $\mathrm{Tr}_t$. Using these ingredients we construct a complete and fully consistent quantum-mechanical description for any linear dynamical system with or without dissipation. The general quantization method is exemplified by the models of damped oscillator and radiating point charge.
description: 14 pages, typos corrected
Annotated Bibliography from A restatement of the natural science evidence base concerning grassland management, grazing livestock and soil carbon storage
Creators: name: Jordon, Matthew W.
name: Buffet, Jean-Charles
name: Dungait, Jennifer A. J.
name: Galdos, Marcelo V.
name: Garnett, Tara
name: Lee, Michael R. F.
name: Lynch, John
name: Röös, Elin
name: Searchinger, Timothy D.
name: Smith, Pete
name: Godfray, H. Charles J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour
classificationCode: 419999
subject: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This annotated bibliography summarises the evidence supporting each section of the main restatement, cross-referenced by section number.
Global persistence exponent of the double-exchange model
Creators: name: Fernandes, H. A.
name: de Felicio, J. R. Drugowich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtained the global persistence exponent $θ_g$ for a continuous spin model on the simple cubic lattice with double-exchange interaction by using two different methods. First, we estimated the exponent $θ_g$ by following the time evolution of probability $P(t)$ that the order parameter of the model does not change its sign up to time $t$ $[P(t)\thicksim t^{-θ_g}]$. Afterwards, that exponent was estimated through the scaling collapse of the universal function $L^{θ_g z} P(t)$ for different lattice sizes. Our results for both approaches are in very good agreement each other.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, and 3 tables. To appear in Physical Review E
A General Method for Generating Discrete Orthogonal Matrices
Creators: name: Chan, Ka-Hou
name: Ke, Wei
name: Im, Sio-Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Discrete orthogonal matrices have several applications in information technology, such as in coding and cryptography. It is often challenging to generate discrete orthogonal matrices. A common approach widely in use is to discretize continuous orthogonal functions that have been discovered. The need of certain continuous functions is restrictive. To simplify the process while improving the efficiency and flexibility, we present a general method for generating orthogonal matrices directly through the construction of certain even and odd polynomials from a set of distinct positive values, bypassing the need of continuous orthogonal functions. We provide a constructive proof by induction that not only asserts the existence of such polynomials, but also tells how to iteratively construct them. Besides the derivation of the method as simple as a few nested loops, we discuss two well-known discrete transforms, the Discrete Cosine Transform and the Discrete Tchebichef Transform. How they can be achieved using our method with the specific values, and show how to embed them into the transform module of video coding. By the same token, we also show some examples of how to generate new orthogonal matrices from arbitrarily chosen values.
New Classes of Codes for Cryptologists and Computer Scientists
Creators: name: Kandasamy, W. B. Vasantha
name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94-xx, 94Bxx

description: In this book, we have introduced several new classes of codes to aid cryptologists and computer scientists. We have explained these codes very non-technically so that a strong mathematical foundation is not needed to understand them. This book also provides an easy method to detect and correct errors that occur during transmission. Further, some of the codes are constructed so as to mislead an intruder/ hacker. False n-codes, whole n-codes can serve this pupose. These codes can be used to ensure security in networks and safe transmission of identity. We have named a few new classes of codes after Periyar, the south-Indian social leader, to mark his services to humanity. This book is divided into three chapters. Chapter one is introductory in nature. The notion of bicodes and their generalization, and n-codes are introduced in the second chapter. Periyar linear codes are introduced in the third chapter. We have used two methods, viz. pseudo best n-approximations and n-coset leader properties to detect and correct errors.
description: 206 pages
Dirac node engineering and flat bands in doped Dirac materials
Creators: name: Pertsova, Anna
name: Johnson, Peter
name: Arovas, Daniel P.
name: Balatsky, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest the tried approach of impurity band engineering to produce flat bands and additional nodes in Dirac materials. We show that surface impurities give rise to nearly flat impurity bands close to the Dirac point. The hybridization of the Dirac nodal state induces the splitting of the surface Dirac nodes and the appearance of new nodes at high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone. The results are robust and not model dependent: the tight-binding calculations are supported by a low-energy effective model of a topological insulator surface state hybridized with an impurity band. Finally, we address the effects of electron-electron interactions between localized electrons on the impurity site. We confirm that the correlation effects, while producing band hybridization and Kondo effect, keep the hybridized band flat. Our findings open up prospects for impurity band engineering of nodal structures and flat-band correlated phases in doped Dirac materials.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
QCD radiation effects on the H->WW->l nu l nu signal at the LHC
Creators: name: Anastasiou, Charalampos
name: Dissertori, Guenther
name: Stoeckli, Fabian
name: Webber, Bryan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of a Standard Model Higgs boson is possible when experimental cuts are applied which increase the ratio of signal and background cross-sections. In this paper we study the pp->H->WW signal cross-section at the LHC which requires a selection of Higgs bosons with small transverse momentum. We compare predictions for the efficiency of the experimental cuts from a NNLO QCD calculation, a calculation of the resummation of logarithms in the transverse momentum of the Higgs boson at NNLL, and the event generator MC@NLO. We also investigate the impact of various jet-algorithms, the underlying event and hadronization on the signal cross-section.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, added references, results update
Kondo Breakdown and Hybridization Fluctuations in the Kondo-Heisenberg Lattice
Creators: name: Paul, I.
name: Pepin, C.
name: Norman, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the deconfined quantum critical point of the Kondo-Heisenberg lattice in three dimensions using a fermionic representation for the localized spins. The mean-field phase diagram exhibits a zero temperature quantum critical point separating a spin liquid phase where the hybridization vanishes and a Kondo phase where it does not. Two solutions can be stabilized in the Kondo phase, namely a uniform hybridization when the band masses of the conduction electrons and the spinons have the same sign, and a modulated one when they have opposite sign. For the uniform case, we show that above a very small temperature scale, the critical fluctuations associated with the vanishing hybridization have dynamical exponent z=3, giving rise to a resistivity that has a T log T behavior. We also find that the specific heat coefficient diverges logarithmically in temperature, as observed in a number of heavy fermion metals.
description: new Figure 2, new results on spin susceptibility, some minor changes to text
Internal and surface temperature profiles of spherical biosolids particles during convective drying
Creators: name: Nylen, Julian
name: Sheehan, Madoc
name: Whelan, Anna
name: Antunes, Elsa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The convective drying of spherical biosolids particles from two wastewater treatment plants (Type 1: anaerobic/anoxic treatment with belt filter press dewatering; Type 2: aerobic/anoxic treatment with centrifuge dewatering) was studied under 10 conditions across 44 trials. A wide spectrum of conditions including three drying temperatures (88, 109, and 138°C), two gas velocities (1.6 and 2 m s−1), and particle sizes of 2 cm and 4 cm were investigated. Measured variables included particle mass, center/internal temperature, surface temperature, shrinkage, and qualitative observations of morphological changes. Most samples showed two drying periods, a constant rate period followed by a falling rate period. Additionally, it was found that drying rates and morphological changes depended significantly on particle size and drying intensity (i.e., drying gas temperature and gas velocity) with higher intensities resulting in larger, more porous particles. Internal temperature profiles displayed a consistent pattern, an initial heating phase where internal temperatures quickly rose to approximately the wet bulb temperature of the drying gas, a quasi-constant temperature phase at that temperature, and a final sharp increase/spike to reach equilibrium with the drying gas temperature. Moreover, IR images showed that sub-surface temperatures (between the core and surface) were significantly lower than surface temperatures. Surface temperatures showed a more linear increase throughout drying until equilibrium with the drying gas temperature. The consistent temperature difference between the center and surface, as well as the internal temperature profile, suggests the existence of a drying front, moving radially inward as the particle dries. This research contributes to a better understanding of biosolids drying dynamics, offering insights to improve thermal treatment strategies thereby contributing to the broader field of waste management.
Night vision obstacle detection and avoidance based on Bio-Inspired Vision Sensors
Creators: name: Yasin, Jawad N.
name: Mohamed, Sherif A. S.
name: Haghbayan, Mohammad-hashem
name: Heikkonen, Jukka
name: Tenhunen, Hannu
name: Yasin, Muhammad Mehboob
name: Plosila, Juha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Moving towards autonomy, unmanned vehicles rely heavily on state-of-the-art collision avoidance systems (CAS). However, the detection of obstacles especially during night-time is still a challenging task since the lighting conditions are not sufficient for traditional cameras to function properly. Therefore, we exploit the powerful attributes of event-based cameras to perform obstacle detection in low lighting conditions. Event cameras trigger events asynchronously at high output temporal rate with high dynamic range of up to 120 $dB$. The algorithm filters background activity noise and extracts objects using robust Hough transform technique. The depth of each detected object is computed by triangulating 2D features extracted utilising LC-Harris. Finally, asynchronous adaptive collision avoidance (AACA) algorithm is applied for effective avoidance. Qualitative evaluation is compared using event-camera and traditional camera.
description: Accepted to IEEE SENSORS 2020
The first wide ultracool binary dwarf in the field: DENIS-J055146.0-443412.2 (M8.5 + L0)
Creators: name: Billeres, M.
name: Delfosse, X.
name: Beuzit, J. -L.
name: Forveille, T.
name: Marchal, L.
name: Martin, E. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of a new very low mass field binary, discovered during an infrared imaging survey of 250 DENIS L and very late-M dwarfs. DENIS-J055146.0-443412.2 is an M8.5+L0 pair, with a physical separation of over 200 AU. This makes it the widest very low mass binary known in the field, by an order of magnitude. Such a system is fragile, and it would not have survived a close encounter with a third body. Its existence demonstrate that some very low mass stars/brown dwarfs form without ejection from a multiple system, or any other strong dynamical interaction.
Switched Systems as Hybrid Programs
Creators: name: Tan, Yong Kiam
name: Platzer, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: F.3.1; F.4.1; G.1.7; I.2.3
subject: 03B70, 34A38, 93C30

description: Real world systems of interest often feature interactions between discrete and continuous dynamics. Various hybrid system formalisms have been used to model and analyze this combination of dynamics, ranging from mathematical descriptions, e.g., using impulsive differential equations and switching, to automata-theoretic and language-based approaches. This paper bridges two such formalisms by showing how various classes of switched systems can be modeled using the language of hybrid programs from differential dynamic logic (dL). The resulting models enable the formal specification and verification of switched systems using dL and its existing deductive verification tools such as KeYmaera X. Switched systems also provide a natural avenue for the generalization of dL's deductive proof theory for differential equations. The completeness results for switched system invariants proved in this paper enable effective safety verification of those systems in dL.
description: Long version of paper at ADHS 2021 (7th IFAC Conference on Analysis and Design of Hybrid Systems, July 7-9, 2021)
Annotated Bibliography from A restatement of the natural science evidence base concerning grassland management, grazing livestock and soil carbon storage
Creators: name: Jordon, Matthew W.
name: Buffet, Jean-Charles
name: Dungait, Jennifer A. J.
name: Galdos, Marcelo V.
name: Garnett, Tara
name: Lee, Michael R. F.
name: Lynch, John
name: Röös, Elin
name: Searchinger, Timothy D.
name: Smith, Pete
name: Godfray, H. Charles J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour
classificationCode: 419999
subject: Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This annotated bibliography summarises the evidence supporting each section of the main restatement, cross-referenced by section number.
Stationary Josephson effect in a weak-link between nonunitary triplet superconductors
Creators: name: Rashedi, G.
name: Kolesnichenko, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A stationary Josephson effect in a weak-link between misorientated nonunitary triplet superconductors is investigated theoretically. The non-self-consistent quasiclassical Eilenberger equation for this system has been solved analytically. As an application of this analytical calculation, the current-phase diagrams are plotted for the junction between two nonunitary bipolar $f-$wave superconducting banks. A spontaneous current parallel to the interface between superconductors has been observed. Also, the effect of misorientation between crystals on the Josephson and spontaneous currents is studied. Such experimental investigations of the current-phase diagrams can be used to test the pairing symmetry in the above-mentioned superconductors.
description: 6 pages and 6 figures
Crepuscular Rays from the Highly Inclined Active Galactic Nucleus in IC 5063
Creators: name: Maksym, W. Peter
name: Schmidt, Judy
name: Keel, William C.
name: Fabbiano, Giuseppina
name: Fischer, Travis C.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Barth, Aaron J.
name: Elvis, Martin
name: Oosterloo, Tom
name: Ho, Luis C.
name: Kim, Minjin
name: Hwang, Hyunmo
name: Mayer, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On Earth near sunset, the sun may cast "crepuscular rays" such that clouds near the horizon obscure the origin of light scattered in bright rays. In principle, AGN should be able to produce similar effects. Using new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) near-infrared and optical observations, we show that the active galaxy IC 5063 contains broad radial rays extending to $\gtrsim$11 kpc from the nucleus. We argue that the bright rays may arise from dusty scattering of continuum emission from the active nucleus, while the dark rays are due to shadowing near the nucleus, possibly by a warped torus. We also consider alternative AGN-related and stellar origins for the extended light.
description: Accepted for publication to ApJ Letters. 13 pages, 5 figures. Facilitated by Twitter discussion (see https://twitter.com/SpaceGeck/status/1201350966945017856). This version corrects figure labels and includes other more minor updates
The Changing Interpretation of Consent in Canadian Judicial Decisions Within BDSM Sexual Assault Cases
Creators: name: Murray, Nicole
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: BDSM
Sexual Assault
Neoliberalism
Legal analysis
Consent
legal moralism

description: The current study examines judicial discourse about BDSM activities within decisions rendered in Canada during the past 20 years. A recent uprise in popular culture representation has resulted in a greater uptake of Bondage / Discipline / Dominance / Submission / Sadism / Masochism (BDSM) in the sexual lives of Canadians. Little research to date has been completed to analyze the implications that the uprise may have on the legal system when BDSM cases are presented. In particular, the legal system is being tasked with interpreting many different consent standards through the narrow affirmative-based definition found under Section 273.1 (1). The current study employed a qualitative analysis of all Canadian criminal court cases and appeals available in legal software that dealt with the issues of consent and BDSM (n=23) over a 20-year time frame. The study found that judges must interpret 4 different types of consent found within sexual relationships: affirmative consent, advanced consent to unconscious acts, consent to bodily harm and mistaken consent. Finally, the current study found that the way judges interpreted BDSM consent standards reflects a wider shift in governance from legal moralist thinking to a neoliberal paternalist governance.
Parents of children with disabilities: environment and activity
Creators: name: Magnuson, Sonja Kristine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Occupational therapy in Canada is guided by several models that describe an interconnectedness between the individual, his/her occupations and the environment (Canadian Association of Occupational Therapy, 1997, Law et al. 1996). Occupational therapists have also expanded their conceptualization of the client of occupational therapy services, from the individual to include groups, organizations and families (Fearing, Law & Clark, 1997). Yet little research has been conducted, in occupational therapy, to explore the issues faced by the family or family members of a child with a disability and how they experience daily life. The purpose of this qualitative research is to explore and describe parents' experiences raising their child with a disability, with a focus on their participation in activities outside the home environment. In-depth interviews were conducted with seventeen parents from nine families who were recruited from suburbs surrounding Vancouver, British Columbia. The parents all had one child with a disability between 3 and 5 years of age. The diagnoses and abilities of the children varied, however they were all unable to walk unaided. The interviews were transcribed and a computer aided interpretive analysis was used to identify common themes. The parents spoke of their emotions for their children. The parents relied on others, especially family members, for emotional, practical and financial support. Many parents drew a connection between participating in activities and their perceptions of what it is to be a normal family. The parents explained their strategies, such as planning ahead, and the conditions, such as the right equipment, necessary for them to decide to take their children out and to participate in activities. When the strategies and conditions were not in place, they stayed home. Parents also spoke of the social attitudes they encountered. This research validates the concept of the dynamic and interconnected relationship among the person, occupation and environment. An individual's roles, activities and occupations both influence and are influenced by the environment. It also illustrates that fathers and mothers participate differently in the lives of their children, and that sometimes grandmothers are significant care givers. The term, family-member centred service is proposed, to incorporate two components of client-centred occupational therapy, that of individualized service and the family as a client.
The Metal-Poor Halo of the Andromeda Spiral Galaxy (M31)
Creators: name: Kalirai, J. S.
name: Gilbert, K. M.
name: Guhathakurta, P.
name: Majewski, S. R.
name: Ostheimer, J. C.
name: Rich, R. M.
name: Cooper, M. C.
name: Reitzel, D. B.
name: Patterson, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectroscopic observations of red giant branch (RGB) stars over a large expanse in the halo of the Andromeda spiral galaxy (M31), acquired with the DEIMOS instrument on the Keck II 10-m telescope. Using a combination of five photometric/spectroscopic diagnostics -- (1) radial velocity, (2) intermediate-width DDO51 photometry, (3) Na I equivalent width (surface gravity sensitive), (4) position in the color-magnitude diagram, and (5) comparison between photometric and spectroscopic [Fe/H] estimates -- we isolate over 250 bona fide M31 bulge and halo RGB stars located in twelve fields ranging from R = 12-165kpc from the center of M31 (47 of these stars are halo members with R > 60 kpc). We derive the photometric and spectroscopic metallicity distribution function of M31 RGB stars in each of these fields. The mean of the resulting M31 spheroid (bulge and halo) metallicity distribution is found to be systematically more metal-poor with increasing radius, shifting from = -0.47+/-0.03 (sigma = 0.39) at R < 20 kpc to = -0.94+/-0.06 (sigma = 0.60) at R ~ 30 kpc to = -1.26+/-0.10 (sigma = 0.72) at R > 60 kpc, assuming [alpha/Fe] = 0.0. These results indicate the presence of a metal-poor RGB population at large radial distances out to at least R = 160 kpc, thereby supporting our recent discovery of a stellar halo in M31: its halo and bulge (defined as the structural components with R^{-2} power law and de Vaucouleurs R^{1/4} law surface brightness profiles, respectively) are shown to have distinct metallicity distributions. If we assume an alpha-enhancement of [alpha/Fe] = +0.3 for M31's halo, we derive = -1.5+/-0.1 (sigma = 0.7). Therefore, the mean metallicity and metallicity spread of this newly found remote M31 RGB population are similar to those of the Milky Way halo.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ on May 4th, 2006 (submitted on Jan 30, 2006). 16 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables
Volatility Estimation When the Zero-Process is Nonstationary
Creators: name: Francq, Christian
name: Sucarrat, Genaro
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Financial returns are frequently nonstationary due to the nonstationary distribution of zeros. In daily stock returns, for example, the nonstationarity can be due to an upwards trend in liquidity over time, which may lead to a downwards trend in the zero-probability. In intraday returns, the zero-probability may be periodic: It is lower in periods where the opening hours of the main financial centers overlap, and higher otherwise. A nonstationary zero-process invalidates standard estimators of volatility models, since they rely on the assumption that returns are strictly stationary. We propose a GARCH model that accommodates a nonstationary zero-process, derive a zero-adjusted QMLE for the parameters of the model, and prove its consistency and asymptotic normality under mild assumptions. The volatility specification in our model can contain higher order ARCH and GARCH terms, and past zero-indicators as covariates. Simulations verify the asymptotic properties in finite samples, and show that the standard estimator is biased. An empirical study of daily and intradaily returns illustrate our results. They show how a nonstationary zero-process induces time-varying parameters in the conditional variance representation, and that the distribution of zero returns can have a strong impact on volatility predictions.
Supplementary Methods from Female chimpanzees avoid inbreeding even in the presence of substantial bisexual philopatry
Creators: name: White, Lauren C.
name: Städele, Veronika
name: Amaya, Sebastian Ramirez
name: Langergraber, Kevin
name: Vigilant, Linda
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310509
subject: Genomics
classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Contamination Analyses and Relatedness Validation
Second Order Gauge Theory
Creators: name: Cuzinatto, R. R.
name: de Melo, C. A. M.
name: Pompeia, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gauge theory of second order in the derivatives of the auxiliary field is constructed following Utiyama's program. A novel field strength $G=\partial F+fAF$ arises besides the one of the first order treatment, $F=\partial A-\partial A+fAA$. The associated conserved current is obtained. It has a new feature: topological terms are determined from local invariance requirements. Podolsky Generalized Eletrodynamics is derived as a particular case in which the Lagrangian of the gauge field is $L_{P}\propto G^{2}$. In this application the photon mass is estimated. The SU(N) infrared regime is analysed by means of Alekseev-Arbuzov-Baikov's Lagrangian.
description: 27 pages. No figure. Final version
Delimiting the black hole mass in the X-ray transient MAXI J1659-152 with H$α$ spectroscopy
Creators: name: Torres, M. A. P.
name: Jonker, P. G.
name: Casares, J.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Steeghs, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MAXI J1659-152 is a 2.4 h orbital period X-ray dipping transient black hole candidate. We present spectroscopy of its $I\approx23$ quiescent counterpart where we detect H$α$ emission with full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of $3200 \pm 300$ km s$^{-1}$. Applying the correlation between the H$α$ FWHM and radial velocity semi-amplitude of the donor star for quiescent X-ray transients, we derive $K_2 = 750 \pm 80$ km s$^{-1}$. The orbital period and $K_2$ lead to a mass function of $4.4\pm1.4~M{_\odot}$ (1$σ$). The donor to compact object mass ratio and binary inclination are likely in the range $q={M_2}/{M_1} = 0.02-0.07$ and $i=70{^\circ}-80{^\circ}$. These constraints imply a 68% confidence level interval for the compact object mass of $3.3 \lesssim M_1(M_\odot) \lesssim 7.5$, confirming its black hole nature. These quasi-dynamical limits are compared to mass estimates from modelling of X-ray data and any discrepancies are discussed. We review the properties of optical spectroscopy and time-series photometry collected during the 2010-2011 outburst. We interpret the apparent modulations found soon after the onset of high-accretion activity and during the 2011 rebrightening event as originating in the accretion disc. These have signatures consistent with superhumps, with the 2011 modulation having a fractional period excess $< 0.6\%$ (3$σ$). We propose that direct irradiation of the donor by the central X-ray source was not possible due to its occultation by the disc outer regions. We argue that disc shielding significantly weakens the donor star contribution to the optical variability in systems with $q\lesssim0.07$, including neutron star ultra-compact X-ray binaries.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Elastoplasticity of gradient-polyconvex materials
Creators: name: Kružík, Martin
name: Zeman, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a model for rate-independent evolution in elastoplastic materials under external loading, which allows large strains. In the setting of strain-gradient plasticity with multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient, we prove the existence of the so-called energetic solution. The stored energy density function is assumed to depend on gradients of minors of the deformation gradient which makes our results applicable to shape-memory materials, for instance.