cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
AN ASSESSMENT OF HAY MARKET INSTITUTIONS AND COORDINATION FUNCTIONS
Creators: name: Miller, Jeffrey H.
name: Miller, Jeffrey H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The experience of Michigan farmers illustrates the dilemma faced by hay growers: while hay production has received a great deal of attention, hay marketing has been neglected. Supplies of high quality hay can be expanded within the span of a single growing season, but the marketing system generates prices which do not always clear the market and which do not serve as accurate signals to guide planning decisions. More fundamentally, there are no effective market mechanisms to generate those prices, to match buyers and sellers, or to move hay cheaply from surplus to deficit regions. Clearly, this is not because hay is a minor crop. In Michigan, hay is the second largest crop grown on a per acre basis. Apart from the direct economic value of hay, it has some important indirect benefits. Acreage sown to hay is far less susceptible to soil erosion than land that has been planted to row crops. In addition, alfalfa increases the soil tilth and water holding capacity. Hay, especially alfalfa hay, increases the future productivity of the soil through the control of soil erosion and increased fertility. Given the economic importance of hay, why hasn't more effort been devoted to creating more orderly markets? The vast majority of hay is used on the farm where it is produced. While there are commercial hay producers, most of the hay moving to market is surplus production from dairy and cattle feeding operations. Consequently, there has been relatively little producer pressure or effort to improve hay markets. A more compelling reason for this neglect is the heterogeneity of hay. Hay quality depends on stand quality, rainfall, humidity, drying conditions, time and number of cuttings, bale type, and whether or not the operator used artificial drying agents and preservatives. A hay dealer may handle a dozen or more different types of hay. The problem, at least according to some dealers, growers, and buyers, is one of complexity. Any uniform national grading standard must be versatile enough to describe numerous types of hay made under highly variable conditions which have a dramatic effect on quality and palatability. This uniformity is easier to achieve in hay grown in the west than in hay grown in eastern states. Another reason that so little effort has been devoted to improved hay marketing is as old as humankind: resistance to change. In light of the disorganized and fragmented nature of hay markets, the potential for improved economic performance through institutional change is significant.
Diagonal Catalysts in Quantum Adiabatic Optimization
Creators: name: Albash, Tameem
name: Kowalsky, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a protocol for quantum adiabatic optimization, whereby an intermediary Hamiltonian that is diagonal in the computational basis is turned on and off during the interpolation. This `diagonal catalyst' serves to bias the energy landscape towards a given spin configuration, and we show how this can remove the first-order phase transition present in the standard protocol for the ferromagnetic $p$-spin and the Weak-Strong Cluster problems. The success of the protocol also makes clear how it can fail: biasing the energy landscape towards a state only helps in finding the ground state if the Hamming distance from the ground state and the energy of the biased state are correlated. We present examples where biasing towards low energy states that are nonetheless very far in Hamming distance from the ground state can severely worsen the efficiency of the algorithm compared to the standard protocol. Our results for the diagonal catalyst protocol are analogous to results exhibited by adiabatic reverse annealing, so our conclusions should apply to that protocol as well.
description: v2: 11 pages, 11 figures. Updated to published version
Statistical mechanics of passive Brownian particles in a fluctuating harmonic trap
Creators: name: Frydel, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider passive Brownian particles trapped in an "imperfect" harmonic trap. The trap is imperfect because it is randomly turned off and on, and as a result, particles fail to equilibrate. Another way to think about this is to say that a harmonic trap is time-dependent on account of its strength evolving stochastically in time. Particles in such a system are passive and activity arises through external control of a trapping potential, thus, no internal energy is used to power particle motion. A stationary Fokker-Planck equation of this system can be represented as a third-order differential equation, and its solution, a stationary distribution, can be represented as a superposition of Gaussian distributions for different strengths of a harmonic trap. This permits us to interpret a stationary system as a system in equilibrium with quenched disorder.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Optimal control of network-coupled subsystems: Spectral decomposition and low-dimensional solutions
Creators: name: Gao, Shuang
name: Mahajan, Aditya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we investigate optimal control of network-coupled subsystems where the dynamics and the cost couplings depend on an underlying undirected weighted graph. The graph coupling matrix in the dynamics may be the adjacency matrix, the Laplacian matrix, or any other symmetric matrix corresponding to the underlying graph. The cost couplings can be any polynomial function of the underlying coupling matrix. We use the spectral decomposition of the graph coupling matrix to decompose the overall system into (L+1) systems with decoupled dynamics and cost, where L is the rank of the coupling matrix. Furthermore, the optimal control input at each subsystem can be computed by solving (Ldist + 1) decoupled Riccati equations where Ldist (Ldist \leq L) is the number of distinct non-zero eigenvalues of the coupling matrix. A salient feature of the result is that the solution complexity depends on the number of distinct eigenvalues of the coupling matrix rather than the size of the network. Therefore, the proposed solution framework provides a scalable method for synthesizing and implementing optimal control laws for large-scale network-coupled subsystems.
Three-dimensional MHD Simulations of Jets from Accretion Disks
Creators: name: Kigure, H.
name: Shibata, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results of 3-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of a jet formation by the interaction between an accretion disk and a large scale magnetic field. The disk is not treated as a boundary condition but is solved self-consistently. To investigate the stability of MHD jet, the accretion disk is perturbed with a non-axisymmetric sinusoidal or random fluctuation of the rotational velocity. The dependences of the jet velocity $(v_z)$, mass outflow rate $(\dot{M}_w)$, and mass accretion rate $(\dot{M}_a)$ on the initial magnetic field strength in both non-axisymmetric cases are similar to those in the axisymmetric case. That is, $v_z \propto B_0^{1/3}$, $\dot{M}_w \propto B_0$ and $\dot{M}_a \propto B_0^{1.4}$ where $B_0$ is the initial magnetic field strength. The former two relations are consistent with the Michel's steady solution, $v_z \propto (B_0^2/\dot{M}_w)^{1/3}$, although the jet and accretion do not reach the steady state. In both perturbation cases, a non-axisymmetric structure with $m=2$ appears in the jet, where $m$ means the azimuthal wave number. This structure can not be explained by Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and seems to originate in the accretion disk. Non-axisymmetric modes in the jet reach almost constant levels after about 1.5 orbital periods of the accretion disk, while all modes in the accretion disk grow with oscillation. As for the angular momentum transport by Maxwell stress, the vertical component, $$, is comparable to the radial component, $$, in the wide range of initial magnetic field strength.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. The pdf file with high resolution figures can be downloaded at http://www.kusastro.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~hiromitu/3j050806.pdf
Doppler Boosting of the S-stars in the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Rafikov, Roman R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Astrometry and spectroscopy of the S-stars in the Galactic Center provide a unique way to probe the properties of the central supermassive black hole, as well as the post-Newtonian effects caused by its gravity, e.g. gravitational redshift and general relativistic precession. It has also been suggested that the photometry of S-stars can be used for studying the properties of gaseous environment of Sgr A$^*$. Due to the high velocities of the S-stars, sometimes approaching $~0.1c$, their photometric signal should be considerably affected by the Doppler boosting. We calculate this relativistic effect for several S-stars closely approaching the central black hole (most of them recently announced) and show that the amplitude of the photometric variability due to the Doppler boosting for some of them (S62 and S4714) exceeds $6\%$; for the well studied star S2 it is about $2\%$. Measurement of the Doppler boosting can confirm the existence and help refine orbital parameters of the S-stars with noisy spectroscopy and astrometry. This effect should be explicitly accounted for when the photometry of S-stars is used for probing the medium around the Sgr A$^*$. We discuss the observability of the Doppler boosting given the complications typical for the Galactic Center and conclude, in particular, that the purely photometric detection of the higher order relativistic corrections to the Doppler boosting signal (due to the gravitational redshift and transverse Doppler shift, which we also calculate) is hardly possible for the S-stars.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, published in ApJL
Evaluation of pullulanase for secretion of enzymatically active heterologous cellulases as chimeric proteins from Klebsiella oxytoca
Creators: name: Dastoor, Farahad P.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The objective of this research was to evaluate the potential of using the Klebsiella oxytoca secreted pullulanase (PulA) as a determinant for secretion of Cellulomonas fimi cellulases as fusion proteins. Fusion proteins were created between PulA from K. oxytoca and each of the following C. fimi cellulose hydrolyzing enzymes: endo-β-l,4-glucanase A (CenA), endo-β-l,4-glucanase B (CenB), and exo-β-l,4-glucanase (Cex). The fusion proteins PulA:CenA, PulA:CenB, and PulA:Cex were produced and found to retain cellulolytic activity when expressed in Escherichia coli cells. Because cellulose hydrolysis by CenB presented the greatest applied potential for degrading cellulose to cellobiose at the outset of my thesis research, PulA:CenB was studied in more detail. Several plasmid systems were tested for expression of the pulA:cenB fusion gene in K. oxytoca and the expression vector pMMB207, which allows for IPTG-regulated expression from the tac promoter, was determined to be the most appropriate. Expression of pulA:cenB led to the accumulation of 17 mg/L of the chimeric PulA:CenB within cultures of K. oxytoca (pMMBpulA:cenB). A portion (8%) of the total chimeric protein produced was located within the membrane-enriched fraction and shown to be exposed to the extracellular medium by immunolocalization, with ca. 6 - 16% of cell-associated CMCase activity located at the cell surface. This" amount of cell-surface exposed PulA.CenB was not sufficient to allow growth on cellulose. Mutagenesis of K. oxytoca (pMMBpulAxenB) cells with MNNG, followed by selection for growth on cellulose as sole carbon source was done, but mutants able to grow on cellulose were not isolated. Additionally, expression of PulA:CenB in K. oxytoca (pMMBpulAxenB) cultures grown in a minimal medium resulted in a triphasic growth pattern in this strain, suggesting an abnormality in PulA:CenB membrane translocation that interfered with cell growth.
Charge instabilities at the metamagnetic transition
Creators: name: Honerkamp, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate instabilities in the charge channel in the vicinity of (meta-)magnetic transitions of itinerant electron systems. Based on a weak coupling analysis we argue that in a one-band $t$-$t'$ Hubbard model near the van Hove filling and dominant ferromagnetic fluctuations it is difficult to account for a microscopic mechanism for a d-wave Pomeranchuk deformation of the Fermi surface. A similar deformation has been considered for the metamagnetic transition in Sr$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$. As an alternative we discuss the possibility of charge inhomogeneity on the nano scale. This extends the analogy of the metamagnetic transition to a liquid-gas transition.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
A new perspective on the stellar Mass-Metallicity Relation of quiescent galaxies from the LEGA-C survey
Creators: name: Bevacqua, D.
name: Saracco, P.
name: Boecker, A.
name: D'Ago, G.
name: De Lucia, G.
name: De Propris, R.
name: La Barbera, F.
name: Pasquali, A.
name: Spiniello, C.
name: Tortora, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stellar Mass-Metallicity Relation (MZR) using a sample of 637 quiescent galaxies with 10.4 <= log(M*/M ) < 11.7 selected from the LEGA-C survey at 0.6 <= z <= 1. We derive mass-weighted stellar metallicities using full-spectral fitting. We find that while lower-mass galaxies are both metal -rich and -poor, there are no metal-poor galaxies at high masses, and that metallicity is bounded at low values by a mass-dependent lower limit. This lower limit increases with mass, empirically defining a MEtallicity-Mass Exclusion (MEME) zone. We find that the spectral index MgFe = \sqrt{Mgb \times Fe4383}, a proxy for the stellar metallicity, also shows a mass-dependent lower limit resembling the MEME relation. Crucially, MgFe is independent of stellar population models and fitting methods. By constructing the Metallicity Enrichment Histories, we find that, after the first Gyr, the Star Formation History of galaxies has a mild impact on the observed metallicity distribution. Finally, from the average formation times, we find that galaxies populate differently the metallicity-mass plane at different cosmic times, and that the MEME limit is recovered by galaxies that formed at z >= 3. Our work suggests that the stellar metallicity of quiescent galaxies is bounded by a lower limit which increases with the stellar mass. On the other hand, low-mass galaxies can have metallicities as high as galaxies ~1 dex more massive. This suggests that, at log(M*/M ) >= 10.4, rather than lower-mass galaxies being systematically less metallic, the observed MZR might be a consequence of the lack of massive, metal-poor galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
The Space Density and Colors of Massive Galaxies at 2
Creators: name: van Dokkum, P.
name: Quadri, R.
name: Marchesini, D.
name: Rudnick, G.
name: Franx, M.
name: Gawiser, E.
name: Herrera, D.
name: Wuyts, S.
name: Lira, P.
name: Labbe, I.
name: Maza, J.
name: Illingworth, G.
name: Schreiber, N. Forster
name: Kriek, M.
name: Rix, H. -W.
name: Taylor, E.
name: Toft, S.
name: Webb, T.
name: Yi, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the deep multi-wavelength MUSYC, GOODS, and FIRES surveys we construct a stellar mass-limited sample of galaxies at 210^11 Solar masses distributed over four independent fields with a total area of almost 400 sq arcmin. The mean number density of massive galaxies in this redshift range is (2.2+-0.6) x 10^-4 Mpc^-3. We present median values and 25th and 75th percentiles for the distributions of observed R mags, observed J-K colors, and rest-frame UV continuum slopes, M/L(V) ratios, and U-V colors. The galaxies show a large range in all these properties. The ``median galaxy'' is faint in the observer's optical (R=25.9), red in the observed near-IR (J-K=2.48), has a rest-frame UV spectrum which is relatively flat (beta=-0.4), and rest-frame optical colors resembling those of nearby spiral galaxies (U-V=0.62). We determine which galaxies would be selected as Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) or Distant Red Galaxies (DRGs, having J-K>2.3) in this mass-limited sample. By number DRGs make up 69% of the sample and LBGs 20%, with a small amount of overlap. By mass DRGs make up 77% and LBGs 17%. Neither technique provides a representative sample of massive galaxies at 2
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Nonstandard superconductivity or no superconductivity in hydrides under high pressure
Creators: name: Hirsch, J. E.
name: Marsiglio, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past six years, superconductivity at high temperatures has been reported in a variety of hydrogen-rich compounds under high pressure. That high-temperature superconductivity should exist in these materials is expected according to the conventional theory of superconductivity, as shown by detailed calculations. However here we argue that experimental observations rule out conventional superconductivity in these materials. Our results indicate that either these materials are unconventional superconductors of a novel kind, which we term `nonstandard superconductors', or alternatively that they are not superconductors. If the former, we point out that the critical current in these materials should be five orders of magnitude larger than in standard superconductors, potentially opening up the way to important technological applications. If the latter, which we believe is more likely, we suggest that the signals interpreted as superconductivity are either experimental artifacts or they signal other interesting physics but not superconductivity.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
A Bayesian Approach to the Estimation of Environmental Kuznets Curves for CO2 Emissions
Creators: name: Mazzanti, Massimiliano
name: Musolesi, Antonio
name: Zoboli, Roberto
name: Mazzanti, Massimiliano
name: Musolesi, Antonio
name: Zoboli, Roberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper investigates the EKC curves for CO2 emissions in a panel of 109 countries during the period 1959-2001. The length of the series makes the application of a heterogeneous estimator suitable from an econometric point of view. The results, based on the hierarchical Bayes estimator, show that different EKC dynamics are associated with the different sub samples of countries considered. On average, more industrialized countries show an EKC evidence in quadratic specifications, which are nevertheless probably evolving into an N shape, emerging from cubic specifications. Less developed countries consistently show that CO2 emissions still rise positively with income, though some signals of an EKC path arise.
Robbea undetermined
Creators: name: Scharhauser, Florian
name: Saavedra, Daniel E. M.
name: Pröts, Philipp
name: Ot, Jörg A.
name: Geier, Benedikt
name: Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R.
name: Polikarpov, Maxim
name: Bourenkov, Gleb
name: Leisch, Nikolaus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Desmodorida
Desmodoridae
Robbea
Robbea undetermined

description: Robbea sp. Red Sea
Sampling locations: Dahab, Egypt — Eel Garden, 28.505306 N, 34.521889 EandMarsaAlam, Egypt — SharmLuli, 24.610056N, 35.113583 W.
Material: One male and one female from each sampling location, in the collection of J.A. Ott.
Description: With the characters of the genus, measurements see Supporting Information, Table S2 (excel sheet).
The four specimens probably do not belong all to the same species. The male from Dahab is much longer (L> 8 mm) and more slender (a >> 200) than the remaining three individuals (Figure 16). Its cephalic capsule is short (<60% of corpus length), its subcephalic setae are long (75% of cephalic setae). The enlarged ventral GSO in the post-pharyngeal region protrude as 21 bumps. In contrast the male from Marsa Alam does not show protruding bumps. It shares with both females a shorter body length (L <6 mm), a stouter shape (a <190), a longer cephalic capsule (>70% of corpus length), and shorter subcephalic setae.
description: Published as part of Scharhauser, Florian, Saavedra, Daniel E. M., Pröts, Philipp, Ot, Jörg A., Geier, Benedikt, Gruber-Vodicka, Harald R., Polikarpov, Maxim, Bourenkov, Gleb & Leisch, Nikolaus, 2025, Revision of the genus Robbea (Stilbonematinae: Desmodoridae), worldwide abundant marine nematodes with chromophoric Fe-Br inclusions and the description of a new stilbonematine genus, pp. 1-28 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 203 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae005, http://zenodo.org/record/14850743
Defining the Apicomplexan Amino Acid Transporter (ApiAT) Family
Creators: name: Parker, Kathryn
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2019

description: The Apicomplexan phylum is a large group of unicellular eukaryotic parasites. These parasites cause some notorious diseases of humankind, including malaria and toxoplasmosis. Apicomplexan parasites can also infect animal species, causing significant animal suffering and economic loss in the livestock industry. The advent of drug resistance and the poor side-effect profiles of some medications provides impetus for the development of new anti-parasitic drugs. Uncovering key aspects of parasite biology may aid in identifying and characterising novel inhibitors of parasite growth. Disruption of nutrient acquisition is one avenue to halt parasite replication and thereby cure infections. Parasites, by definition, rely on their hosts for a source of nutrients. Most nutrients do not diffuse freely across cellular membranes and their acquisition relies on cell-derived processes. One means by which parasites can acquire nutrients is via transporter proteins. Transporters are integral membrane proteins that mediate the movement of solutes across biological membranes. Apart from nutrient acquisition, transporters are also a means by which cells remove waste products and toxins, and control their ionic composition. Despite their importance, the transporters that allow apicomplexan parasites to perform these cell functions are currently not well characterised. Here, I define a family of amino acid transporters that are ubiquitous in apicomplexan parasites, which I name Apicomplexan Amino acid Transporters (ApiATs). I show that 10 of the 16 ApiATs in Toxoplasma gondii are expressed in the disease-causing tachyzoite stage, and 8 of them localise to the parasite plasma membrane. I demonstrate that four ApiAT proteins are important for growth of the tachyzoite stage of the parasite. In T. gondii, the amino acid glutamine is of particular interest because, apart from its role in protein synthesis, it is also used as an energy source. Prior to this work the uptake mechanism for glutamine in T. gondii was unknown. I investigated the substrate specificities of one ApiAT protein, TgApiAT2, demonstrating that it functions as a neutral amino acid transporter and is the major glutamine transporter of the parasite. Together, these findings identify a family of amino acid transporters in apicomplexans, and highlight the importance of amino acid scavenging for the biology of this important phylum of intracellular parasites.
Metal-Insulator Transition in Disordered Two-Dimensional Electron Systems
Creators: name: Punnoose, Alexander
name: Finkel'stein, Alexander M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of the metal-insulator transition in a disordered two-dimensional electron gas. A quantum critical point, separating the metallic phase which is stabilized by electronic interactions, from the insulating phase where disorder prevails over the electronic interactions, has been identified. The existence of the quantum critical point leads to a divergence in the density of states of the underlying collective modes at the transition, causing the thermodynamic properties to behave critically as the transition is approached. We show that the interplay of electron-electron interactions and disorder can explain the observed transport properties and the anomalous enhancement of the spin susceptibility near the metal-insulator transition.
Interview about Nukuoro Atoll and cultural transmission
Creators: name: Lekka, Kodaro
name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Ding, Lydia
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file for an interview about the differences between Nukuoro Atoll and Pohnpei and the transmission of cultural knowledge.
Critical review of prevailing explanations for the emergence of classicality in cosmology
Creators: name: Berjon, Javier
name: Okon, Elias
name: Sudarsky, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been recent attempts at justifying, from first principles, and within the standard framework, the emergence of classical behavior in the post-inflationary cosmological context. Accounting for this emergence is an important issue, as it underlies the extraordinary empirical success of our current understanding of cosmology. In this work, we offer a critique of different efforts at explaining the emergence of classical behavior in cosmology within the standard framework. We argue that such endeavors are generically found lacking in conceptual clarity, as they invariably rely, either upon unjustified, implicit assumptions, or on circular logic. We conclude that, within the standard approach, the emergence of classical behavior in cosmology constitutes an unexplained phenomenon.
description: 32 pages. Published version with additional section containing our reply to a note added in arXiv:2004.10684 in response to an earlier version of this paper
The Polluter Pays Principle and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Climate Change: An Application of Fund
Creators: name: Tol, Richard S.J.
name: Tol, Richard S.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: I compare and contrast five climate scenarios: (1) no climate policy; (2) non-cooperative cost-benefit analysis (NC CBA); (3) NC CBA with international permit trade; (4) NC CBA with joint and several liability for climate change damages; and (5) NC CBA with liability proportional to a country's share in cumulative emissions. As estimates of the marginal damage costs are low, standard NC CBA implies only limited emission abatement. With international permit trade, emission abatement is even less, as the carbon tax is reduced in countries with fast-growing emissions, and because a permit market ignores the positive, dynamic externalities of abatement. Proportional liability shifts abatement effort towards the richer countries, but away from the fast-growing economies; again, long-term, global emission abatement is reduced. Joint and several liability would lead to more stringent climate policy. These findings are qualitatively robust to the size and accounting of climate change impacts, to the definition of liability, and to the baseline scenario.
JWST reveals a rapid and strong day side variability of 55 Cancri e
Creators: name: Patel, J. A.
name: Brandeker, A.
name: Kitzmann, D.
name: de la Roche, D. J. M. Petit dit
name: Bello-Arufe, A.
name: Heng, K.
name: Valdés, E. Meier
name: Persson, C. M.
name: Zhang, M.
name: Demory, B. -O.
name: Bourrier, V.
name: Deline, A.
name: Ehrenreich, D.
name: Fridlund, M.
name: Hu, R.
name: Lendl, M.
name: Oza, A. V.
name: Alibert, Y.
name: Hooton, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of the close-in rocky planet 55 Cnc e is puzzling despite having been observed extensively. Its optical and infrared occultation depths show temporal variability, in addition to a phase curve variability observed in the optical. We wish to explore the possibility that the variability originates from the planet being in a 3:2 spin-orbit resonance, thus showing different sides during occultations. We proposed and were awarded Cycle 1 time at the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to test this hypothesis. JWST/NIRCam observed five occultations (secondary eclipses), of which four were observed within a week, of the planet simultaneously at 2.1 and 4.5 μm. While the former gives band-integrated photometry, the latter provides a spectrum between 3.9-5.0 μm. We find that the occultation depths in both bandpasses are highly variable and change between a non-detection (-5 +/- 6 ppm and 7 +/- 9 ppm) to 96 +/- 8 ppm and 119 (+34) (-19) ppm at 2.1 μm and 4.5 μm, respectively. Interestingly, the variations in both bandpasses are not correlated and do not support the 3:2 spin-orbit resonance explanation. The measured brightness temperature at 4.5 μm varies between 873-2256 K and is lower than the expected dayside temperature of bare rock with no heat re-distribution (2500 K) which is indicative of an atmosphere. Our atmospheric retrieval analysis of occultation depth spectra at 4.5 μm finds that different visits statistically favour various atmospheric scenarios including a thin outgassed CO/CO2 atmosphere and a silicate rock vapour atmosphere. Some visits even support a flat line model. The observed variability could be explained by stochastic outgassing of CO/CO2, which is also hinted by retrievals. Alternatively, the variability, observed at both 2.1 and 4.5 μm, could be the result of a circumstellar patchy dust torus generated by volcanism on the planet.
description: 32 pages, 10 + 15 figures, 3+2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A
Time-resolved rotational velocities in the upper atmosphere of WASP-33 b
Creators: name: Cauley, P. Wilson
name: Wang, Ji
name: Shkolnik, Evgenya L.
name: Ilyin, Ilya
name: Strassmeier, Klaus G.
name: Redfield, Seth
name: Jensen, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While steady empirical progress has been made in understanding the structure and composition of hot planet atmospheres, direct measurements of velocity signatures, including winds, rotation, and jets, have lagged behind. Quantifying atmospheric dynamics of hot planets is critical to a complete understanding of their atmospheres and such measurements may even illuminate other planetary properties, such as magnetic field strengths. In this manuscript we present the first detection of the Balmer lines H$α$ and H$β$ in the atmosphere of the ultra-hot Jupiter WASP-33 b. Using atmospheric models which include the effects of atmospheric dynamics, we show that the shape of the average Balmer line transmission spectrum is consistent with rotational velocities in the planet's thermosphere of $v_\text{rot} = 10.1^{+0.8}_{-1.0}$ km s$^{-1}$. We also measure a low-significance day-to-night side velocity shift of $-4.6^{+3.4}_{-3.4}$ km s$^{-1}$ in the transmission spectrum which is naturally explained by a global wind across the planet's terminator. In a separate analysis the time-resolved velocity centroids of individual transmission spectra show unambiguous evidence of rotation, with a best-fit velocity of $10.0^{+2.4}_{-2.0}$ km s$^{-1}$, consistent with the value of $v_\text{rot}$ derived from the shape of the average Balmer line transmission spectrum. Our observations and analysis confirm the power of high signal-to-noise, time-resolved transmission spectra to measure the velocity structures in exoplanet atmospheres. The large rotational and wind velocities we measure highlight the need for more detailed 3D global climate simulations of the rarefied upper-atmospheres of ultra-hot gas giants.
description: Accepted to AAS Journals. This re-submission updates the original version with changes made during the referee process. None of the changes affect the conclusions of the paper, although a few specific numbers have new values. We also note that during the review process we became aware of a contemporaneous detection of the Balmer lines in WASP-33 b's atmosphere by Yan et al. 2020, A&A, 645, A22
Framework for 3D TransRectal Ultrasound
Creators: name: Mozer, Pierre
name: Baumann, Michael
name: Chevreau, G.
name: Daanen, Vincent
name: Moreau-Gaudry, Alexandre
name: Troccaz, Jocelyne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Prostate biopsies are mainly performed under 2D TransRectal UltraSound (TRUS) control by sampling the prostate according to a predefined pattern. In case of first biopsies, this pattern follows a random systematic plan. Sometimes, repeat biopsies can be needed to target regions unsampled by previous biopsies or resample critical regions (for example in case of cancer expectant management or previous prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia findings). From a clinical point of view, it could be useful to control the 3D spatial distribution of theses biopsies inside the prostate. Modern 3D-TRUS probes allow acquiring high-quality volumes of the prostate in few seconds. We developed a framework to track the prostate in 3D TRUS images. It means that if one acquires a reference volume at the beginning of the session and another during each biopsy, it is possible to determine the relationship between the prostate in the reference and the others volumes by aligning images. We used this tool to evaluate the ability of a single operator (a young urologist assistant professor) to perform a pattern of 12 biopsies under 2D TRUS guidance.
Interview with canoe builders about cultural transmission
Creators: name: Charley, Curtis
name: Gideon, Sigfrit
name: Leopold, Nucker
name: Leopold, Tenny
name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Ding, Lydia
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: One .wav audio file and one .eaf ELAN transcription file for an interview with canoe builders about the transmission of cultural knowledge.
A Modified Environmental Kuznets Curve for Sustainable Development Assessment Using Panel Data
Creators: name: Costantini, Valeria
name: Martini, Chiara
name: Costantini, Valeria
name: Martini, Chiara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Sustainable development is a concept strictly connected with basic needs of the individuals. During the last years a number of empirical studies have tried to discover and quantify the causal relations between economic growth and environmental consumption and degradation. The most widely used empirical model is the so-called Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC), nowadays applied to different polluting elements. Despite the huge diffusion of EKC studies, this model has been criticised for incompleteness of a sustainable development analysis. The aim of this paper is to build a Modified EKC (MEKC) in order to consider a wider concept of development rather than pure economic growth, including well-being aspects and sustainability of the development process. Using a macroeconomic measure of sustainability such as the World Bank's Genuine Saving and a measure of well-being such as the United Nations Human Development Index, we build a model in order to analyse linkages between higher welfare levels and natural resources consumption, verifying the sustainability of human development. A panel analysis for three years (1990-1995-2000) for a wide range of countries (including developed and developing countries) has been applied in order to respond to criticisms related to conjunctural results linked to pure cross-section studies. Comparisons among alternative pollutants (i.e., CO2, NOX, and SOX) and GS are described, and the robustness of the MEKC clearly emerges. Furthermore, in order to respond to criticisms for the reduced form of the EKC, an Instrumental Variables model has been tested both on CO2 and GS, while a system of equations has been tested considering simultaneously a traditional EKC and a MEKC for a longer time period (1996-2004). Unit root tests for non-stationary series have been computed, showing that the IV model gives satisfactory results. An indicator for technological capabilities has been added at this stage, accounting for diffusion of technical progress and import technology as suggested by Archibugi and Coco (2004). Causal relations identified within a MEKC allow to identify correlation between human development and sustainable development, following the classic inverted U-shaped curve of the EKC. Nonetheless, comparing the turning points of the MEKC and EKC, respectively, it seems that using this alternative specification some useful policy implications apply. The threshold level of human development in the MEKC corresponds to an income per capita level lower than the threshold level for the EKC, confirming the possibility of 'tunnelling through the curve' as suggested in Munasinghe (1999). Our results show that human development should be the first objective of international development policies, and an increase in human well-being is necessary to provide a sustainability path.
Global Climate Change, Technology Transfer and Trade with Complete Specialization
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Vivekananda
name: Rubbelke, Dirk T.G.
name: Mukherjee, Vivekananda
name: Rubbelke, Dirk T.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The paper develops a model in which a country with better technology for abatement of Green House Gas (GHG) emission (the North) commits to an international protocol to keep the global GHG emission within a specified limit while it helps the mitigation effort in the other country (the South) with unconditional transfer of abatement technology. It finds out in the autarkic (no trade) equilibrium the technology transfer offer from the North is always accepted by the South. The North may offer either a partial or a complete technology transfer. If partial technology transfer is offered it finds out the determinants of the extent of technology transfer. Then it compares the autarkic equilibrium with equilibrium where trade with complete specialization occurs and finds out that trade limits the scope of technology transfer as an instrument for mitigation of global GHG emission.
Cosmic Reionization May Still Have Started Early and Ended Late: Confronting Early Onset with CMB Anisotropy and 21 cm Global Signals
Creators: name: Ahn, Kyungjin
name: Shapiro, Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The global history of reionization was shaped by the relative amounts of starlight released by three halo mass groups: atomic-cooling halos (ACHs) with virial temperatures Tvir > 10^4 K, either (1) massive enough to form stars even after reionization (HMACHs, >~ 10^9 Msun) or (2) less-massive (LMACHs), subject to star formation suppression when overtaken by reionization, and (3) H2-cooling minihalos (MHs) with Tvir < 10^4 K, whose star formation is predominantly suppressed by the H2-dissociating Lyman-Werner (LW) background. Our previous work showed that including MHs caused two-stage reionization - early rise to x ~ 0.1, driven by MHs, followed by a rapid rise, late, to x ~ 1, driven by ACHs - with a signature in CMB polarization anisotropy predicted to be detectable by the Planck satellite. Motivated by this prediction, we model global reionization semi-analytically for comparison with Planck CMB data and the EDGES global 21cm absorption feature, for models with: (1) ACHs, no feedback; (2) ACHs, self-regulated; and (3) ACHs and MHs, self-regulated. Model (3) agrees well with Planck E-mode polarization data, even with a substantial tail of high-redshift ionization, beyond the limit proposed by the Planck Collaboration (2018). No model reproduces the EDGES feature. For model (3), |dTb|
description: Version accepted to ApJ with minor mod; added references; new figures for H-ionizing UV background prediction
Numerical Methods for the QCD Overlap Operator IV: Hybrid Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Cundy, N.
name: Krieg, S.
name: Arnold, G.
name: Frommer, A.
name: Lippert, Th.
name: Schilling, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extreme computational costs of calculating the sign of the Wilson matrix within the overlap operator have so far prevented four dimensional dynamical overlap simulations on realistic lattice sizes, because the computational power required to invert the overlap operator, the time consuming part of the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm, is too high. In this series of papers we introduced the optimal approximation of the sign function and have been developing preconditioning and relaxation techniques which reduce the time needed for the inversion of the overlap operator by over a factor of four, bringing the simulation of dynamical overlap fermions on medium-size lattices within the range of Teraflop-computers. In this paper we adapt the HMC algorithm to overlap fermions. We approximate the matrix sign function using the Zolotarev rational approximation, treating the smallest eigenvalues of the Wilson operator exactly within the fermionic force. We then derive the fermionic force for the overlap operator, elaborating on the problem of Dirac delta-function terms from zero crossings of eigenvalues of the Wilson operator. The crossing scheme proposed shows energy violations which are better than O($Δτ^2$) and thus are comparable with the violations of the standard leapfrog algorithm over the course of a trajectory. We explicitly prove that our algorithm satisfies reversibility and area conservation. Finally, we test our algorithm on small $4^4$, $6^4$, and $8^4$ lattices at large masses.
description: v2 60 pages; substantial changes to all parts of the article; v3 minor revsions
РАСШИФРОВКА ДВУХ ТЕЛЕГРАММ ИЗ ДЕЛА ПО УБИЙСТВУ ЦАРСКОЙ СЕМЬИ
Creators: name: ИВАНОВ АРТУР РЕЙНОВИЧ
Publisher: name: Вестник науки и образования
Year: 2020
Subjects: ИСТОРИЯ КРИПТОГРАФИИ
СОВЕТСКИЕ ШИФРЫ
УБИЙСТВО НИКОЛАЯ II
УБИЙСТВО ЦАРСКОЙ СЕМЬИ
ШИФРОВАННЫЕ ТЕЛЕГРАММЫ
HISTORY OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
SOVIET CIPHERS
MURDER OF NICHOLAS II
ENCRYPTED TELEGRAMS

description: Статья описывает расшифровку двух телеграмм из материалов следствия по убийству Николая II и его семьи, инициированного в 1918-м году военными властями Белой армии. В рамках этого следствия секретная переписка Уралсовета с Москвой была раскрыта старшим лейтенантом А.А. Абаза еще в 1920-м году, но две шифрованные телеграммы из Екатеринбурга в Пермь оставались не прочитанными на протяжении более 100 лет и будоражили умы исследователей, полагавших в них великую сокрытую тайну. Их расшифровка казалась не достижимой в силу убийственной краткости содержащегося в них текста, исключавшей применение известных статистических методов и оставлявшей слишком большой простор для неопределенности. Автору статьи удалось раскрыть содержание этих телеграмм благодаря тому, что полученный чисто математически результат содержал лакуны, однозначным образом заполняемые сопоставлением с историческими лицами и событиями, и показать, что эти телеграммы прямого отношения к убийству царской семьи не имеют.
Introducing Imperfect Competition in CGE Models: Technical Aspects and Implications
Creators: name: Roson, Roberto
name: Roson, Roberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper considers the technical aspects and the consequences, in terms of simulation results and policy assessment, of introducing imperfect competition in a CGE model. The modifications to the standard CGE framework needed to model imperfect competition in some industries are briefly discussed. Next, the paper discusses whether, how much and why, those changes may affect the qualitative output of a typical simulation experiment. It is argued that technical choices made in designing the model structure may have a significant impact on the model behavior. This is especially evident when the output of the model, under an imperfect competition closure, is compared with that obtained under a standard closure, assuming perfect competition. As an illustration, a scenario of agricultural trade liberalization under alternative market structures is analyzed.
РОЛЬ БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО УЧЕТА В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ДЕЛОВОЙ СРЕДЕ
Creators: name: ЖОЛАМАНОВА БАКЫТ КУАНДЫКОВНА
Publisher: name: Вестник науки и образования
Year: 2020
Subjects: БУХГАЛТЕР
СОВРЕМЕННЫЙ БИЗНЕС
УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИЙ УЧЕТ
ФИНАНСОВЫЙ УЧЕТ
РАЗНИЦА МЕЖДУ БУХГАЛТЕРСКИМ И УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКИМ УЧЕТОМ
ACCOUNTANT
MODERN BUSINESS
MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING
FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING
THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ACCOUNTING AND MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING

description: Целью данной статьи является привлечение внимания к необходимости ведения управленческого учета наряду с бухгалтерским учетом в организациях Республики Казахстан для роста экономики страны. Данная цель определила необходимость постановки и решения основных задач: Изучить теоретические и методологические основы бухгалтерского учета, аудита и анализа ведения учета в малом, среднем и крупном бизнесе. Определить роль бухгалтера в компании и влияние ведения разных видов учета на развитие компаний. Данная статья состоит из трех частей, содержащих в себе теоретические основы и определения видов учета для совершенствования практической деятельности учета и детализации отчетов для развития компании.