cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A pilot study of primary prevention of hypertension in China
Creators: name: Liu, Su
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: In China stroke is now the leading cause of death. Because of the country's huge population, the medical approach to hypertension is proving expensive. It is also not very effective. Population-based primary prevention of hypertension would be cheaper and probably more effective. Based on the 1991 WHO/ISH statement on environmental factors and hypertension, and the distribution of those factors in Chinese society, we assume that: 1. In the genesis of essential hypertension in Chinese society, a high sodium ‚ÄövÑvÆ low potassium diet could be a fundamental environmental factor. Salt-induced hypertension could be a crucial contributor to the total occurrence of essential hypertension. 2. Reducing sodium intake, increasing potassium intake and reversing the existing high Na/K ratio to a desirable level (i.e. Na/K 1.0) should greatly assist in preventing essential hypertension in China. This thesis describes a preliminary trial undertaken in 1991-92 to test the feasibility of a proposed study in primary prevention of hypertension. Several hypotheses were tested. It was thought that a salt-free diet would modify and maintain users' urinary sodium and potassium excretion in the range of the Recommended Dietary Intakes (RDI) (adjusted for body weight) and keep the urinary Na/K ratio at 1.00. In areas prone to Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) iodised rice was expected to take the place of iodised salt. It was expected that the new diet would cause no harmful physical and/or psychological problems and would be accepted and maintained voluntarily by the users after the trial. A total of 140 students aged 17-23 years joined the trial and 70 (about 20 females and 50 males) dropped out within the first month. The other 70 (26 females and 44 males) completed the trial. The trial procedures brought urinary sodium excretions down to the RDI for Australia (adjusted for body weight). Urinary Na/K ratios were brought down from 7.3 and maintained on about 1.3. Urinary iodine analyses showed the iodine supplement to be effective. With potassium supplementation urinary potassium excretions in the diet group were significantly higher than in the control group, however the overall average level did not meet the adjusted RDI. The trial also showed a gender difference in urinary electrolyte excretion opposite to that previously reported (more sodium in females) and unreported side effects including menstrual disorders and increased muscle cramping. The new diet was not positively accepted by the majority of the diet group and was difficult to maintain. In spite of dietary, managemental, cultural, and socio-economic difficulties, the author believes that the application of sodium restriction and potassium supplement to primary prevention of hypertension in Chinese society is a possible strategy. However people's habits and tastes would prove severe obstacles requiring the arts of persuasion.
Shift of nuclear clock transition frequency in $^{229}$Th ions due to hyperfine interaction
Creators: name: Dzuba, V. A.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate hyperfine structure of $^{229}$Th and its ions (Th~IV, Th~III, Th~II, Th~I) to reveal the dependence of the nuclear clock frequency on the hyperfine interaction (hfi). We calculate first and second-order hfi shifts and demonstrate that due to the differences in the hyperfine structure for different ions and for the ground and isomeric nuclear states, the nuclear frequencies in Th~IV, Th~III, Th~II and Th~I are also different. The first-order shift of frequency is large for a particular hyperfine component, but it vanishes after averaging over all hyperfine states. The second-order shift is small but it does not vanish after averaging. It is three to six orders of magnitude smaller than the shift of the nuclear frequencies due to the Coulomb electron-nucleus interaction considered in our previous work (V. A. Dzuba and V. V. Flambaum, arXiv:2309.11176 (2023)). However, it is six to eight orders of magnitude larger than the projected accuracy of the nuclear clock ($10^{-19}$).
description: 6 pages, 6 tables, no figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2309.11176
The effects of anaesthetics on the reactivity of vascular smooth muscle
Creators: name: MacPherson, Ross Duncan
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis examines a number of aspects of vascular smooth muscle physiology and pharmacology. The first set of experiments examines the mechanisims of the myogenic response in the isolated pressurised rabbit ear artery preparation, an experimental model developed here in the University of Tasmania, Department of Physiology. Rabbit ear artery segments were subjected to pressure changes in the form of either rapid increases (referred to as jumps) or slow increases (ramps). The changes in diameter of vessels as they responded to these pressure alterations were recorded. These same pressure changes were performed in vessels in four settings: in vessels where the endothelium had been removed, in vessels constricted with different vasoconstrictor agents, and at different starting diameters, in vessels dilated with either acetylcholine or sodium nitroprusside, and in vessels partly dilated with the calcium channel blocking agent, nifedipine. The results demonstrated that the endothelium was not mandatory for the myogenic response, but that acetylcholine induced endotheliumderived relaxing factor release could modify the nature of the response, as could nifedipine. The nature of vasoconstriction, and degree of constriction of the vessels were not major determinants of myogenicity. The effect of the intravenous anaesthetic agent propofol on vascular smooth muscle was then examined. This relatively recently introduced drug is known to possess significant hypotensive properties, but the mechanism of this response is unclear. In a series of experiments using the rabbit ear artery preparation, it was found that apart from having a direct vasodilator effect, propofol was a powerful attenuator of myogenicity - an effect distinct from its smooth muscle relaxant properties. This may be important in explaining the drugs hypotensive effect. Lastly, a series of experiments used the experimental apparatus to examine the effects of intra-arterial drug administration of both propofol and thiopentone. Intra-arterial administration of propofol, from clinical reports does not appear to be associated with serious hazard, a finding, in part confirmed by studies performed in this series. However, intra-arterial thiopentone administration was found to result in an almost complete destruction of the vascular endotheliuman hitherto unreported event which may well explain the reasons for the widespread vascular damage and ischaemia associated with accidental intra-arterial injection.
A Study of the X-Ray Dust Scattering Halo of Cyg X-1 with a Cross-Correlation Method
Creators: name: Ling, Zhixing
name: Zhang, Shuang Nan
name: Xiang, Jingen
name: Tang, Shichao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray photons scattered by the interstellar medium carry information about dust distribution, dust grain model, scattering cross section, and the distance of the source; they also take longer time than unscattered photons to reach the observer. Using a cross-correlation method, we study the light curves of the X-ray dust scattering halo of Cyg X-1, observed with the \textit{Chandra X-ray Observatory}. Significant time lags are found between the light curves of the point source and its halo. This time lag increases with the angular distance from Cyg X-1, implying a dust concentration at a distance along the line of sight (LOS) of 2.0 kpc $\times$ (0.876 $\pm$ 0.002) from the Earth. By fitting the observed light curves of the halo at different radii with simulated light curves, we obtain a width of $\mathit{ΔL}=33_{-13}^{+18}$ pc of this dust concentration. The origin of this dust concentration is still not clearly known. The advantage of our method is that we need no assumption of scattering cross section, dust grain model, or dust distribution along the LOS. Combining the derived dust distribution from the cross-correlation study with the surface brightness distribution of the halo, we conclude that the two commonly accepted models of dust grain size distribution need to be modified significantly.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, Astrophysical Journal 690 (2009) 224-230
An investigation of organo-cobalt compounds
Creators: name: Ingles, David Lawson
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The work described in this thesis deals with the chemistry of cobalt and its compounds particularly the organic cobalt compounds. The main division of the work is into two sections Part A and Part B. This division has been made because while both sections discuss work relating to the organo-cobalt compounds there is a very definite difference in the nature of work discussed in the two sections as well as in the type of approach used and the results obtained. In Part A the problem is concerned with the cobalt complex of 1-nitroso 2-naphthol. This problem is of course closely related with metallurgical practice in the production. of zinc by electrolytic methods. The removal of cobalt from electrolyte solutions is essential if satisfactory deposition of the zinc is to occur. This removal of cobalt is usually carried out in acid solution by precipitation with 1-nitroso 2-naphthol. A red cobalt complex forms and this is filtered off. The filtrate containing the zinc can then be satisfactorily electrolysed. By igniting the red cobalt precipitate the organic material is removed and a residue of cobalt oxide obtained. This cobalt oxide is a valuable material and finds many applications commercial. The process for obtaining this cobalt oxide has many dis-advantages the most important being the loss of the organic material in the igniting process. This problem was thus considered and some progress made towards its solution. It will be much better appreciated later how the emphasis in this work has been placed more on the immediate commercial requirements than the more fundamental aspects of the problem. In Part B work dealing with efforts to prepare organo- cobalt compounds is considered. This work has been done in order to obtain a better idea of the fundamentals of cobalt chemistry, such as valence, electron distribution in various cobalt compounds etc., and with the hope too that any knowledge so gained might be in further research into the properties of the cobalt complex of 1-nitroso 2-naphthol. In this section a series of new compounds are described of the organo-cobalt type and a description of these compounds and some of their reactions is also included. It should be realised too that these studies have a value of their own in so far as cobalt and its various compounds are playing an ever increasing part in such fields as pharmacology, medicine, agriculture etc., and so any knowledge gained of an essentially basic and fundamental nature may affect in some measure studies in related fields. Attention has been placed in this section of the work on the theory and mechanism of various reactions with a view to obtaining fundamental information.
Supplementary data for: Long or irregular menstrual cycles and risk of prevalent and incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Creators: name: Cho, In Young
name: Chang, Yoosoo
name: Kang, Jae-Heon
name: Kim, Yejin
name: Sung, Eunju
name: Shin, Hocheol
name: Wild, Sarah
name: Byrne, Christopher
name: Ryu, Seungho
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110307 Gastroenterology and Hepatology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111402 Obstetrics and Gynaecology

description: Supplementary data for the article "Long or irregular menstrual cycles and risk of prevalent and incident non-alcoholic fatty liver disease"
Quasi-copulas as linear combinations of copulas
Creators: name: Dolinar, Gregor
name: Kuzma, Bojan
name: Stopar, Nik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62H05, 60E05

description: We prove that every quasi-copula can be written as a uniformly converging infinite sum of multiples of copulas. Furthermore, we characterize those quasi-copulas which can be written as a finite sum of multiples of copulas, i.e., that are a linear combination of two copulas. This generalizes a recent result of Fernández-Sánchez, Quesada-Molina, and Úbeda-Flores who considered linear combinations of discrete copulas.
description: 21 pages
Proper Motions in Kapteyn Selected Area 103: A Preliminary Orbit for the Virgo Stellar Stream
Creators: name: Casetti-Dinescu, Dana I.
name: Girard, Terrence M.
name: Majewski, Steven R.
name: Vivas, A. Katherina
name: Wilhelm, Ronald
name: Carlin, Jeffrey L.
name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: van Altena, William F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present absolute proper motions in Kapteyn Selected Area (SA) 103. This field is located 7 degrees west of the center of the Virgo Stellar Stream (VSS, Duffau et al. 2006), and has a well-defined main sequence representing the stream. In SA 103 we identify one RR Lyrae star as a member of the VSS according to its metallicity, radial velocity and distance. VSS candidate turnoff stars and subgiant stars have proper motions consistent with that of the RR Lyrae star. The 3D velocity data imply an orbit with a pericenter of 11 kpc and an apocenter of ~90 kpc. Thus, the VSS comprises tidal debris found near the pericenter of a highly destructive orbit. Examining the six globular clusters at distances larger than 50 kpc from the Galactic center, and the proposed orbit of the VSS, we find one tentative association, NGC 2419. We speculate that NGC 2419 is possibly the nucleus of a disrupted system of which the VSS is a part.
description: ApJL accepted
A Multi-Parameter Investigation of Gravitational Slip
Creators: name: Daniel, Scott F.
name: Caldwell, Robert R.
name: Cooray, Asantha
name: Serra, Paolo
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed analysis of gravitational slip, a new post-general relativity cosmological parameter characterizing the degree of departure of the laws of gravitation from general relativity on cosmological scales, is presented. This phenomenological approach assumes that cosmic acceleration is due to new gravitational effects; the amount of spacetime curvature produced per unit mass is changed in such a way that a universe containing only matter and radiation begins to accelerate as if under the influence of a cosmological constant. Changes in the law of gravitation are further manifest in the behavior of the inhomogeneous gravitational field, as reflected in the cosmic microwave background, weak lensing, and evolution of large-scale structure. The new parameter, $\varpi_0$, is naively expected to be of order unity. However, a multiparameter analysis, allowing for variation of all the standard cosmological parameters, finds that $\varpi_0 = 0.09^{+0.74}_{-0.59} (2σ)$ where $\varpi_0=0$ corresponds to a $Λ$CDM universe under general relativity. Future probes of the cosmic microwave background (Planck) and large-scale structure (Euclid) may improve the limits by a factor of four.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, color
Neutral quark matter in a Nambu-Jona Lasinio model with vector interaction
Creators: name: Abuki, H.
name: Gatto, R.
name: Ruggieri, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the three flavor Nambu-Jona Lasinio model of neutral quark matter at zero temperature and finite density, keeping into account the scalar, the pseudoscalar and the Kobayashi-Maskawa-'t Hooft interactions as well as the repulsive vector plus axial-vector interaction terms (vector extended NJL, VENJL in the following). We focus on the effect of the vector interaction on the chiral restoration at finite density in neutral matter. We also study the evolution of the charged pseudoscalar meson energies as a function of the quark chemical potential.
description: 19 pages, Revtex4. Enlarged discussion of the new kaon excitation at large $mu$, revised Introduction, some reference added. Version to appear on Phys. Rev. D
MOESM1 of Diagnosis of severe community-acquired pneumonia caused by Acinetobacter baumannii through next-generation sequencing: a case report
Creators: name: Xu, Ancong
name: Zhu, Hong
name: Gao, Bingqi
name: Weng, Haixu
name: Ding, Zhangna
name: Li, Mianmian
name: Weng, Xing
name: He, Guoxin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The molecular resistance profile of A. baumanni strain. Table S1. Molecular antibiotic resistance profile of the A.baumanni sequence assembly. Table S2. Molecular antibiotic resistance profile of the A.baumanni metagenomic sequences.
Ks. Robert Nęcek, Prymas praw człowieka, Kraków 2013, ss. 88
Creators: name: Zyzak, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny
Year: 2019

description: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny, Vol 22 No 1 (2014)
Solutions of Maxwell equations for admissible electromagnetic fields, in spaces with simply transitive four-parameter groups of motions
Creators: name: Obukhov, V. V.
name: Chervon, S. V.
name: Kartashov, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70H33 Symmetries and conservation, 83C50: Electromagnetic fields

description: All non-equivalent solutions of vacuum Maxwell equations are found for the case when space-time manifolds admit simply transitive four-parameter groups of motions $G_4(N)$. The potentials of the admissible electromagnetic fields admit the existence of the algebra of motion integrals of the Hamilton-Jacobi and Klein-Gordon-Fock equations which is isomorphic to the algebra of the group operators for the same group $G_4(N)$
description: 15 pages, will be published in Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics
Challenges and Opportunities of Utilization Information Technology in Education in the Period of COVID19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Warsame, Mohamed Abdirahman
Publisher: name: SORER
Year: 2021
Subjects: Challenges
Opportunities
Covid19
Pandemic
Education
EAU
Bosaso
SomNOG
SomNOG5

description: Eng. Mohamed Abdirahman Warsame, the ICT director of the East Africa University, Bosaso delivered this presentation at the 5th Annual Conference of the Somali Network Operators' Group (SomNOG).
Ks. Radosław Kimsza, Od obrazu do podobieństwa. Tomasza kard. Špidlika (1919– 2010) teologia duchowości, Białystok 2013, ss. 298
Creators: name: Kiciński, Jacek
Publisher: name: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny
Year: 2019

description: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny, Vol 22 No 1 (2014)
How to Evaluate Controlled Natural Languages
Creators: name: Kuhn, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.2.4

description: This paper presents a general framework how controlled natural languages can be evaluated and compared on the basis of user experiments. The subjects are asked to classify given statements (in the language to be tested) as either true or false with respect to a certain situation that is shown in a graphical notation called "ontographs". A first experiment has been conducted that applies this framework to the language Attempto Controlled English (ACE).
Fluctuation-induced currents in suspended graphene nanoribbons: Adiabatic quantum pumping approach
Creators: name: Ribetto, Federico D.
name: Elaskar, Silvina A.
name: Calvo, Hernán L.
name: Bustos-Marún, Raúl A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are thin strips of graphene with unique properties due to their structure and nanometric dimensions. They stand out as basic components for the construction of different types of nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS), including some very promising sensors and pumps. However, various phenomena, such as unintended mechanical vibrations, can induce undesired electrical currents in these devices. Here, we take a quantum mechanical approach to analyze how currents induced by fluctuations (either thermal or of some other kind) in suspended GNRs contribute to the electric current. In particular, we study the pumping current induced by the adiabatic variation of the Hamiltonian of the system when a transverse vibration (flexural mode) of a GNR suspended over a gate is excited. Our theoretical approach and results provide useful tools and rules of thumb to understand and control the charge current induced by fluctuations in GNR-based NEMS, which is important for their applications in nanoscale sensors, pumps, and energy harvesting devices.
A Determination of the Spin of the Black Hole Primary in LMC X-1
Creators: name: Gou, Lijun
name: McClintock, Jeffrey E.
name: Liu, Jifeng
name: Narayan, Ramesh
name: Steiner, James F.
name: Remillard, Ronald A.
name: Orosz, Jerome A.
name: Davis, Shane W.
name: Ebisawa, Ken
name: Schlegel, Eric M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first extragalactic X-ray binary, LMC X-1, was discovered in 1969. In the 1980s, its compact primary was established as the fourth dynamical black-hole candidate. Recently, we published accurate values for the mass of the black hole and the orbital inclination angle of the binary system. Building on these results, we have analyzed 53 X-ray spectra obtained by RXTE and, using a selected sample of 18 of these spectra, we have determined the dimensionless spin parameter of the black hole to be a* = 0.92(-0.07,+0.05). This result takes into account all sources of observational and model-parameter uncertainties. The standard deviation around the mean value of a* for these 18 X-ray spectra, which were obtained over a span of several years, is only 0.02. When we consider our complete sample of 53 RXTE spectra, we find a somewhat higher value of the spin parameter and a larger standard deviation. Finally, we show that our results based on RXTE data are confirmed by our analyses of selected X-ray spectra obtained by the XMM-Newton, BeppoSAX and Ginga missions.
description: 40 pages including 9 figures and 4 tables, ApJ in press
The oil shales of Tasmania and New South Wales.
Creators: name: Kurth, EE
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Owing to the unexploited nature of this field of enquiry, the work is practically entirely of an original character and little direct assistance could be gained from the literature. In addition, the thousands of assays, determinations, etc. were all personally carried out by the writer, prolonging the work in point of time but maintaining a uniform standard of accuracy. The only substantial assistance was on the mechanical side in the construction of apparatus. The actual designing of the special apparatus used was done by the writer, so that almost the whole of the work may be looked on as original and in the few instances where other sources of information have been used they have been duly noted. No part of this work has been previously submitted for any degree and little has been published as the work was commenced under the old regulations for the degree of D.Sc. and these demanded a thesis not previously published. When the regulations for the degree of D.Sc. were recently altered, the work had proceeded to such a stage that it was thought advisable to leave the collection and presentation of it till all the laboratory work had been completed. The provision of same special apparatus was made by assistance from the Council of Scientific and Industrial research, through the Commonwealth Science and Industry Endowment Fund. The results of the investigation, although not published except in a partial and fragmentary form in the \Report of Tasmanian Shale Oil Investigation Committee\" Government Printer Hobart1933 have been freely made available to both Commonwealth and State Governments and the stage which the investigation had reached in 1931 enabled the Investigation Committee to proceed immediately to a proper evaluation of the shale resources of Tasmania. The comparative work done on the New South Wales shales and their resultant oils has been made use of by the Newmes Investigation Committee in their deliberations at the close of 1933."
Approximating Maximally Localized Wannier Functions with Position Scaling-Eigenfunction
Creators: name: Hamai, Yuji
name: Wakabayashi, Katsunori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Position scaling-eigenfunctions are generated by transforming compactly supported orthonormal scaling functions and utilized for faster alternatives to maximally localized Wannier functions (MLWFs). The position scaling-eigenfunctions are first applied to numerical procedures solving Schrödinger and Maxwell's equations, and the solutions well agree with preceding results. Subsequently, by projecting the position scaling-eigenfunctions onto the space spanned by the Bloch functions, approximated MLWFs are obtained. They show good agreements with preceding results using MLWFs. In addition, analytical explanations of the agreements and an estimate of the error associated with the approximation are provided.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures
Fewer chromosomes, more co-occurring species within plant lineages : a likely effect of local survival and colonization
Creators: name: Bartish, Igor V.
name: Bonnefoi, Salomé
name: Aïnouche, Abdelkader
name: Bruelheide, Helge
name: Bartish, Mark
name: Prinzing, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Premise: Plant lineages differ markedly in species richness globally, regionally, and locally. Differences in whole-genome characteristics (WGCs) such as monoploid chromosome number, genome size, and ploidy level may explain differences in global species richness through speciation or global extinction. However, it is unknown whether WGCs drive species richness within lineages also in a recent, postglacial regional flora or in local plant communities through local extinction or colonization and regional species turnover. Methods: We tested for relationships between WGCs and richness of angiosperm families across the Netherlands/Germany/Czechia as a region, and within 193,449 local vegetation plots. Results: Families that are species-rich across the region have lower ploidy levels and small monoploid chromosomes numbers or both (interaction terms), but the relationships disappear after accounting for continental and local richness of families. Families that are species-rich within occupied localities have small numbers of polyploidy and monoploid chromosome numbers or both, independent of their own regional richness and the local richness of all other locally co-occurring species in the plots. Relationships between WGCs and family species-richness persisted after accounting for niche characteristics and life histories. Conclusions: Families that have few chromosomes, either monoploid or holoploid, succeed in maintaining many species in local communities and across a continent and, as indirect consequence of both, across a region. We suggest evolutionary mechanisms to explain how small chromosome numbers and ploidy levels might decrease rates of local extinction and increase rates of colonization. The genome of a macroevolutionary lineage may ultimately control whether its species can ecologically coexist.
Some comments on "The Mathematical Universe"
Creators: name: Jannes, Gil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss some problems related to extreme mathematical realism, focusing on a recently proposed "shut-up-and-calculate" approach to physics (arXiv:0704.0646, arXiv:0709.4024). I offer arguments for a moderate alternative, the essence of which lies in the acceptance that mathematics is (at least in part) a human construction, and discuss concrete consequences of this--at first sight purely philosophical--difference in point of view.
description: 11 pages
Two-qubit entanglement dynamics for two different non-Markovian environments
Creators: name: Bellomo, Bruno
name: Franco, Rosario Lo
name: Maniscalco, Sabrina
name: Compagno, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time behavior of entanglement between two noninteracting qubits each immersed in its own environment for two different non-Markovian conditions: a high-$Q$ cavity slightly off-resonant with the qubit transition frequency and a nonperfect photonic band-gap, respectively. We find that revivals and retardation of entanglement loss may occur by adjusting the cavity-qubit detuning, in the first case, while partial entanglement trapping occurs in non-ideal photonic-band gap.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Near-infrared integral-field spectra of the planet/brown dwarf companion AB Pic b
Creators: name: Bonnefoy, M.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Rojo, P.
name: Allard, F.
name: Lagrange, A. -M.
name: Homeier, D.
name: Dumas, C.
name: Beuzit, J. -L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chauvin et al. 2005 imaged a co-moving companion at ~260 AU from the young star AB Pic A. Evolutionary models predictions based on J H K photometry of AB Pic b suggested a mass of ~13 - 14 MJup, placing the object at the deuterium-burning boundary. We used the adaptive-optics-fed integral field spectrograph SINFONI to obtain high quality medium-resolution spectra of AB Pic b (R = 1500-2000) over the 1.1 - 2.5 microns range. Our analysis relies on the comparison of our spectra to young standard templates and to the latest libraries of synthetic spectra developed by the Lyon's Group. AB Pic b is confirmed to be a young early-L dwarf companion. We derive a spectral type L0-L1 and find several features indicative of intermediate gravity atmosphere. A comparison to synthetic spectra yields Teff = 2000+100-300 K and log(g) = 4 +- 0.5 dex. The determination of the derived atmospheric parameters of AB Pic b is limited by a non-perfect match of current atmosphere spectra with our near-infrared observations of AB Pic b. The current treatment of dust settling and missing molecular opacity lines in the atmosphere models could be responsible. By combining the observed photometry, the surface fluxes from atmosphere models and the known distance of the system, we derive new mass, luminosity and radius estimates of AB Pic b. They confirm independently the evolutionary model predictions. We finally review the current methods used to characterize planetary mass companions and discuss them in the perspective of future planet deep imaging surveys.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures
Jacek Kiciński CMF, Duchowość misji współdzielonej. Studium w świetle współczesnego Magisterium Kościoła, Wrocław 2013, ss. 255
Creators: name: Werbiński, Ireneusz
Publisher: name: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny
Year: 2019

description: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny, Vol 22 No 1 (2014)
Circulating tumor DNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Brandt, Anna
name: Thiele, Benjamin
name: Schultheiß, Christoph
name: Daetwyler, Eveline
name: Binder, Mascha
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Tumors shed cell-free DNA (cfDNA) into the plasma. “Liquid biopsies” are a diagnostic test to analyze cfDNA in order to detect minimal residual cancer, profile the genomic tumor landscape, and monitor cancers non-invasively over time. This technique may be useful in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) due to genetic tumor heterogeneity and limitations in imaging sensitivity. However, there are technical challenges that need to be overcome for the widespread use of liquid biopsy in the clinical management of these patients. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of HNSCC genetics and the role of cfDNA genomic analyses as an emerging precision diagnostic tool.
Stochastic All-to-All Propagators for Baryon Correlators
Creators: name: Bulava, John
name: Edwards, Robert
name: Morningstar, Colin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effectiveness of various dilution schemes in the evaluation of baryonic two-point functions is compared. The error of a representative set of observables as a function of the number of Dirac matrix inversions is used as a basis for comparison. To achieve an equivalent reduction in error, we demonstrate that an increase in the number of dilution projectors on a single noise source usually requires fewer inversions than the use of multiple noise sources. This exploratory study was performed on 100 quenched gauge configurations and will be applied to the calculation of low-lying hadron spectra.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, Talk given at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14 - 19 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Relationship of the child to his neighbourhood environment
Creators: name: Dill, Robert Morgan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: THE AREA OF CONCERN This thesis looks at two actual neighbourhoods within Vancouver - a high density urban, and a low density suburban environment. Using these neighbourhood environments, an attempt is made to see if children act or are affected in ways which can be traced to the layout and amenities of the physical environment. Data has been gathered concerning the physical structure of the environments, and is examined in relation to how the children use these environments, and in relation to the attitudes that parents, or institutions responsible for child socialization, have towards the effect of these environments on the children and themselves. THE METHODS OF INVESTIGATION This data has been gathered by my own observations, by interviewing children and key resource people who work or reside in the neighourhood, and by handing out questionnaires to parents involved with raising children in the sample areas. CONCLUSIONS The data shows that in different types of neighbourhood communities, children use and interact with the environment in different ways. It shows that the behaviour of children is modified because of the physical environment they grow up within. It shows that children of different ages and sexes have differing needs, and that their use of the environment is constantly changing as they grow and search for ways to satisfy these needs. The analysis of this data begins to show deficiencies and strengths in the planning and layout of the physical environments, and how these potentially affect children. From this analysis certain proposed solutions have been arrived at - solutions which the author feels can make the child’s environment more appropriate to his developmental needs,and more in keeping with the desires of his family and self.
Failure Artifact Scenarios to Understand High School Students' Growth in Troubleshooting Physical Computing Projects
Creators: name: Morales-Navarro, L.
name: Fields, D. A.
name: Barapatre, D.
name: Kafai, Y. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.2

description: Debugging physical computing projects provides a rich context to understand cross-disciplinary problem solving that integrates multiple domains of computing and engineering. Yet understanding and assessing students' learning of debugging remains a challenge, particularly in understudied areas such as physical computing, since finding and fixing hardware and software bugs is a deeply contextual practice. In this paper we draw on the rich history of clinical interviews to develop and pilot "failure artifact scenarios" in order to study changes in students' approaches to debugging and troubleshooting electronic textiles (e-textiles). We applied this clinical interview protocol before and after an eight-week-long e-textiles unit. We analyzed pre/post clinical interviews from 18 students at four different schools. The analysis revealed that students improved in identifying bugs with greater specificity, and across domains, and in considering multiple causes for bugs. We discuss implications for developing tools to assess students' debugging abilities through contextualized debugging scenarios in physical computing.
Pietro A. Kaswalder, Galilea, terra della luce. Descrizione geografica, storica e archeologica di Galilea e Golan, Studium Biblicum Franciscanum Collectio Minor 45, Edizioni Terra Santa; Milano 2012, ss. 341
Creators: name: Kucharski, Jacek
Publisher: name: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny
Year: 2019

description: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny, Vol 22 No 1 (2014)
Life history strategies of diadromous and landlocked populations of the spotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus Valenciennes in Tasmania
Creators: name: Humphries, Paul
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A field study was carried out over a period of 20 months to investigate variation in life history traits of the spotted galaxias, Galaxias truttaceus. A comparison was made between two landlocked lacustrine populations from the Central Plateau of Tasmania and two riverine diadromous populations from the Tasman Peninsula in south-east Tasmania. Univariate and multivariate analyses of serial counts and morphometric measurements revealed variation among populations in numbers of fin rays, gill rakers and measurements associated with fins. Differences were more pronounced between fish from different habitat types (creeks versus lakes) than within habitat types. Gonadal development of both sexes of fish from all localities commenced at the beginning of summer (December). Riverine fish spawned at the end of autumn (May), however, lacustrine fish did not spawn until early spring (September). Temperature is thought to be a major factor influencing the delay in spawning of lacustrine fish. The gonads of lacustrine females continued to grow after the riverine fish had spawned and a comparison offish prior to spawning revealed a greater investment in reproduction in lacustrine females than riverine females in terms of weight of gonad relative to body weight. From the conversion of proximate constituents to energy values, reproductive investment in terms of the relative energy devoted to the gonad produced a similar result. Greater somatic fat (and therefore energy) reserves were accumulated by lacustrine fish over summer than riverine fish and greater depletion of these reserves occurred during gonadal maturation of lacustrine fish. At peak levels, larger amounts of fat were incorporated into ovaries of lacustrine females than in those ofriverine females. Ovaries generally possessed a larger percentage of fat than testes while testes had a greater percentage of water, protein and ash. The relatively greater reproductive investment demonstrated by lacustrine fish was not apportioned in the same manner between lacustrine populations. Females from one population produced larger eggs whilst in females from the other population the fecundity increased at a greater rate with body size, in one year of the study. An analysis of life history traits within the galaxiid family affirms the existence of two distinct life history strategies. Diadromous galaxiids spawn before winter, have small eggs and produce large number of eggs, probably related to the overall larger body size of this group. Totally freshwater galaxiids generally spawn after winter, have larger eggs and produce smaller numbers of eggs, which may reflect the overall smaller body size of this group. Although the spawning times of G. truttaceus from different habitats were consistent with those found in galaxiid species, egg size, fecundity and body size were not.
Cross section, final spin and zoom-whirl behavior in high-energy black hole collisions
Creators: name: Sperhake, U.
name: Cardoso, V.
name: Pretorius, F.
name: Berti, E.
name: Hinderer, T.
name: Yunes, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collision of two highly boosted equal mass, nonrotating black holes with generic impact parameter. We find such systems to exhibit zoom-whirl behavior when fine tuning the impact parameter. Near the threshold of immediate merger the remnant black hole Kerr parameter can be near maximal (a/M about 0.95) and the radiated energy can be as large as 35% of the center-of-mass energy.
description: Rearranged results section; accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Entanglement spectra of critical and near-critical systems in one dimension
Creators: name: Pollmann, Frank
name: Moore, Joel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The entanglement spectrum of a pure state of a bipartite system is the full set of eigenvalues of the reduced density matrix obtained from tracing out one part. Such spectra are known in several cases to contain important information beyond that in the entanglement entropy. This paper studies the entanglement spectrum for a variety of critical and near-critical quantum lattice models in one dimension, chiefly by the iTEBD numerical method, which enables both integrable and non-integrable models to be studied. We find that the distribution of eigenvalues in the entanglement spectra agrees with an approximate result derived by Calabrese and Lefevre to an accuracy of a few percent for all models studied. This result applies whether the correlation length is intrinsic or generated by the finite matrix size accessible in iTEBD. For the transverse Ising model, the known exact results for the entanglement spectrum are used to confirm the validity of the iTEBD approach. For more general models, no exact result is available but the iTEBD results directly test the hypothesis that all moments of the reduced density matrix are determined by a single parameter.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Quod iustum est et aequum. Scritti in onore del Cardinale Zenone Grocholewski per il cinquantesimo di sacerdozio, red. nauk. abp M. Jędraszewski i ks. J. Słowiński, wyd. Archidiecezja Poznańska, Poznań 2013, ss. 614.
Creators: name: Górecki, Edward
Publisher: name: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny
Year: 2019

description: Wrocławski Przegląd Teologiczny, Vol 23 No 1 (2015)
Significant four-phonon scattering and its heat transfer implications in crystalline Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$
Creators: name: Ghosh, Kanka
name: Kusiak, Andrzej
name: Battaglia, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically demonstrate the temperature-dependent thermal transport properties in crystalline Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$via first-principles density functional theory-informed linearized Boltzmann transport equation. The investigation, covering a wide temperature range (30 K-600 K), reports the emergence of an unusual optical phonon-dominated thermal transport in crystalline Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$. Further, a significant contribution of four-phonon scattering is recorded which markedly alters the lattice thermal conductivity. Therefore, the combined effect of cubic and quartic phonon anharmonicity is seen to navigate the underlying physical mechanism and open up intriguing phononic interactions in Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$ at high temperature. Irrespective of three and four-phonon processes, Umklapp is seen to prevail over normal scattering events. Consequently, four-phonon scattering is found to notably reduce the lattice thermal conductivity of Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$ to 28 $\%$ at room temperature and 42 $\%$ at higher temperature. This quartic anharmonicity further manifests in the breakdown of T$^{-1}$ scaling of thermal conductivity and challenges the idea of a universal lower bound to phononic thermal diffusivity at high temperature. The faster decay of thermal diffusivity compared to T$^{-1}$ is rationalized encompassing the quartic anharmonicity via a modified time scale. These results invoke better understanding and precision to the theoretical prediction of thermal transport properties of Ge$_2$Sb$_2$Te$_5$. Concomitantly, this also triggers the possibility to explore the manifestations of the lower bound of thermal diffusivity in materials possessing pronounced four-phonon scattering.
A microscopic study of pion condensation within Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model
Creators: name: Anglani, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the phenomenology of pion condensation in 2-flavor neutral quark matter at finite density with Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model of QCD. We have discussed the role of the bare quark mass $m$ and the electric chemical potential $μ_{e}$ in controlling the condensation. The central result of this work is that the onset for $π$-condensed phase occurs when $|μ_{e}|$ reaches the value of the in-medium pion mass $M_π$ provided the transition is of the second order, even for a composite pion system in the medium. Finally, we have shown that the condensation is extremely fragile with respect to the explicit chiral symmetry breaking via a finite current quark mass.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, poster presented at XXVI Max Born Symposium, 'Three Days of Strong Interaction', Wroclaw (Poland), 9-11 July 2009
Use of near infrared spectroscopy for the assessment of waste wood quality to energy use
Creators: name: Mancini, Manuela
name: Rinnan, Åsmund
name: Toscano, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: moisture
net calorific value
PCA
variability
energy use

description: The conference organized by the European Society for Agricultural Engineers has been postponed one year and at the end held online because of the pandemic situation. In particular this year the main focus was 'New Challenges for Agricultural Engineering towards a Digital World'. The audience consists in agricultural engineers, scientists, technicians, academics and industry and the main topics are ways for improving food and feed production systems as also the distribution channels in sustainable and safety conditions. Our study on the investigation of waste wood quality for assessing it potential reuse for energy use perfectly fits with the theme of circular economy and sustainable future of agriculture of this conference.