cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is zero-point energy physical? A toy model for Casimir-like effect
Creators: name: Nikolic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Zero-point energy is generally known to be unphysical. Casimir effect, however, is often presented as a counterexample, giving rise to a conceptual confusion. To resolve the confusion we study foundational aspects of Casimir effect at a qualitative level, but also at a quantitative level within a simple toy model with only 3 degrees of freedom. In particular, we point out that Casimir vacuum is not a state without photons, and not a ground state for a Hamiltonian that can describe Casimir force. Instead, Casimir vacuum can be related to the photon vacuum by a non-trivial Bogoliubov transformation, and it is a ground state only for an effective Hamiltonian describing Casimir plates at a fixed distance. At the fundamental microscopic level, Casimir force is best viewed as a manifestation of van der Waals forces.
description: 21 pages, version accepted for publication in Annals of Physics
Unleashing Wellness: The Crucial Role of Preventive Care in Pet Health
Creators: name: Dr. Anil Kumar Verma
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: This article explores the pivotal role of preventive care in maintaining the health and well-being of our beloved pets. From early detection of potential health issues to vaccinations, parasite prevention, dental health, and mental well-being, the significance of a proactive approach to pet care is examined. The financial benefits of preventive care are also highlighted. The article emphasizes that preventive measures not only contribute to a longer and healthier life for pets but also deepen the bond between owners and their furry companions.
Same and interconvertible high-pressure ice phases
Creators: name: Reinhardt, Aleks
name: Bethkenhagen, Mandy
name: Coppari, Federica
name: Millot, Marius
name: Hamel, Sebastien
name: Cheng, Bingqing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most experimentally known high-pressure ice phases have a body-centred cubic (bcc) oxygen lattice. Our atomistic simulations show that, amongst these bcc ice phases, ices VII, VII' and X are the same thermodynamic phase under different conditions, whereas superionic ice VII'' has a first-order phase boundary with ice VII'. Moreover, at about 300 GPa, ice X transforms into the Pbcm phase with a sharp structural change but no apparent activation barrier, whilst at higher pressures the barrier gradually increases. Our study thus clarifies the phase behaviour of the high-pressure insulating ices and reveals peculiar solid-solid transition mechanisms not known in other systems.
Numerical analysis of non-local calculus on finite weighted graphs, with application to reduced-order modelling of dynamical systems
Creators: name: Duschenes, Matthew
name: Srivastava, Siddhartha
name: Garikipati, Krishna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We present an approach to reduced-order modelling that builds off recent graph-theoretic work for representation, exploration, and analysis of computed states of physical systems (Banerjee et al., Comp. Meth. App. Mech. Eng., 351, 501-530, 2019). We extend a non-local calculus on finite weighted graphs to build such models by exploiting polynomial expansions and Taylor series. In the general framework for non-local calculus on graphs, the graph edge weights are intricately linked to the embedding of the graph, and consequently to the definition of the derivatives. In a previous communication (Duschenes and Garikipati, arXiv:2105.01740), we have shown that radially symmetric, continuous edge weights derived from, for example Gaussian functions, yield inconsistent results in the resulting non-local derivatives when compared against the corresponding local, differential derivative definitions. Taking inspiration from finite difference methods, we algorithmically compute edge weights, considering the embedding of the local neighborhood of each graph vertex. Given this procedure, we ensure the consistency of the non-local derivatives in this setting, a crucial requirement for numerical applications. We show that we can achieve any desired orders of accuracy of derivatives, in a chosen number of dimensions without symmetry assumptions in the underlying data. Finally, we present two example applications of extracting reduced-order models using this non-local calculus, in the form of ordinary differential equations from parabolic partial differential equations of progressively greater complexity.
description: 68 pages, 23 figures
Non-dispersive conservative regularisation of nonlinear shallow water (and isothermal Euler) equations
Creators: name: Clamond, Didier
name: Dutykh, Denys
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new regularisation of the shallow water (and isentropic Euler) equations is proposed. The regularised equations are non-dissipative, non-dispersive and possess a variational structure. Thus, the mass, the momentum and the energy are conserved. Hence, for instance, regularised hydraulic jumps are smooth and non-oscillatory. Another particularly interesting feature of this regularisation is that smoothed `shocks' propagates at exactly the same speed as the original discontinuous ones. The performance of the new model is illustrated numerically on some dam-break test cases, which are classical in the hyperbolic realm.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, 35 references. Other author's papers can be downloaded at http://www.denys-dutykh.com/
WQeMS - Newsletter IV
Creators: name: Manakos, Ioannis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: We kindly welcome you to get acquainted with a Copernicus Service Evolution project within the Research and Innovation Action program of the H2020 framework. Being part of the cluster of projects for Space Research by the European Commission our working team is honored to inform you about the Copernicus Assisted Lake Water Quality Emergency Monitoring Service (WQeMS). In the previous volume (Newsletter ΙΙΙ) the services were presented, which are directly related to the increment of substances dissolution/ concentration in the water (water quality features changes, bloom events detection, extreme events detection) and their scope. In this volume we are presenting the evolution of the rest service components (land-water transition zone change monitoring, alerting through reporting and crowdsourcing and capacity building through the provision of training material and tools), their results in the pilot areas and the benefits deriving for the users (e.g. water utilities) and the end users (e.g. citizens). Follow us at our social media accounts and visit our website for more information: https://wqems.eu/
Spin chains as modules over the affine Temperley-Lieb algebra
Creators: name: Pinet, Théo
name: Saint-Aubin, Yvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The affine Temperley-Lieb algebra $\mathsf{a}\hskip-1.8pt\mathsf{TL}_{N}(β)$ is an infinite-dimensional algebra parametrized by a number $β\in \mathbb{C}$ and an integer $N\in \mathbb{N}$. It naturally acts on $(\mathbb{C}^2)^{\otimes N}$ to produce a family of representations labeled by an additional parameter $z\in\mathbb C^\times$. The structure of these representations, which were first introduced by Pasquier and Saleur in their study of spin chains, is here made explicit. They share their composition factors with the cellular $\mathsf{a}\hskip-1.8pt\mathsf{TL}_{N}(β)$-modules of Graham and Lehrer, but differ from the latter representations by the direction of about half of the arrows of their Loewy diagrams. The proof of this statement uses a morphism introduced by Morin-Duchesne and Saint-Aubin as well as new maps that intertwine various $\mathsf{a}\hskip-1.8pt\mathsf{TL}_{N}(β)$-actions on the XXZ chain and generalize applications studied by Deguchi $\textit{et al}$ and after by Morin-Duchesne and Saint-Aubin.
description: 49 pages, comments welcome
Evolution of Dynamical Signature in the X-cube Fracton Topological Order
Creators: name: Zhou, Chengkang
name: Li, Meng-Yuan
name: Yan, Zheng
name: Ye, Peng
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an unconventional realization of topological orders with an exotic interplay of topology and geometry, fracton (topological) orders feature subextensive topological ground state degeneracy and subdimensional excitations that are movable only within a certain subspace. It has been known in the exactly solvable three-dimensional X-cube model that universally represents the type-I fracton orders, that mobility constraints on subdimensional excitations originate from the absence of spatially deformable string-like operators. To unveil the interplay of topology and geometry, in this paper, we study the dynamical signature in the X-cube model in the presence of external Zeeman fields via large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulation and stochastic analytic continuation. We compute both real-space correlation functions and dynamic structure factors of subdimensional excitations (i.e., fractons, lineons, and planons) in the fracton phase and their evolution into the trivial paramagnetic phase by increasing external fields. We find in the fracton phase, that the correlation functions and the spectral functions show clear anisotropy exactly caused by the underlying mobility constraints. On the other hand, the external fields successfully induce quantum fluctuations and offer mobility to excitations along the subspace allowed by mobility constraints. These numerical results provide the evolution of a dynamical signature of subdimensional particles in fracton orders, indicating that the mobility constraints on local dynamical properties of subdimensional excitations are deeply related to the existence of fracton topological order. The results will also be helpful in potential experimental identifications in spectroscopy measurements such as neutron scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
On the relaxed greedy deterministic row and column iterative methods
Creators: name: Wu, Nian-Ci
name: Cui, Ling-Xia
name: Zuo, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For solving the large-scale linear system by iteration methods, we utilize the Petrov-Galerkin conditions and relaxed greedy index selection technique and provide two relaxed greedy deterministic row (RGDR) and column (RGDC) iterative methods, in which one special case of RGDR reduces to the fast deterministic block Kaczmarz method proposed in Chen and Huang (Numer. Algor., 89: 1007-1029, 2021). Our convergence analyses reveal that the resulting algorithms all have the linear convergence rates, which are bounded by the explicit expressions. Numerical examples show that the proposed algorithms are more effective than the relaxed greedy randomized row and column iterative methods.
Left braces of size 8p
Creators: name: Crespo, Teresa
name: Gil-Muñoz, Daniel
name: Rio, Anna
name: Vela, Montserrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16T05, 16T25, 20B35, 81R50

description: We describe all left braces of size 8p for p an odd prime different from 3 or 7 and validate the number given by Bardakov, Neschadim and Yadav. We give a characterization for isomorphism classes of a semidirect product of left braces and then the description is done by first describing left braces of size 8, as conjugacy classes of regular subgroups of the corresponding holomorph, and then checking how many non isomorphic left braces of size 8p are obtained from each one of them.
description: To be published in Journal of Algebra
Marangoni effects on a thin liquid film coating a sphere with axial or radial thermal gradients
Creators: name: Kang, Di
name: Nadim, Ali
name: Chugunova, Marina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time evolution of a thin liquid film coating the outer surface of a sphere in the presence of gravity, surface tension and thermal gradients. We derive the fourth-order nonlinear partial differential equation that models the thin film dynamics, including Marangoni terms arising from the dependence of surface tension on temperature. We consider two different imposed temperature distributions with axial or radial thermal gradients. We analyze the stability of a uniform coating under small perturbations and carry out numerical simulations in COMSOL for a range of parameter values. In the case of an axial temperature gradient, we find steady states with either uniform film thickness, or with the fluid accumulating at the bottom or near the top of the sphere, depending on the total volume of liquid in the film, dictating whether gravity or Marangoni effects dominate. In the case of a radial temperature gradient, a stability analysis reveals the most unstable non-axisymmetric modes on an initially uniform coating film.
High expression of oleoyl-ACP hydrolase underpins life-threatening respiratory viral diseases
Creators: name: Jia, Xiaoxiao
name: Crawford, Jeremy Chase
name: Gebregzabher, Deborah
name: Monson, Ebony
name: Mettelman, Robert C
name: Wan, Yanmin
name: Ren, Yanqin
name: Chou, Janet
name: Novak, Tanya
name: McQuilten, Hayley A
name: Clarke, Michele
name: Bachem, Annabell
name: Foo, Isabelle J
name: Fritzlar, Svenja
name: Montoya, Julio Carrera
name: Trenerry, Alice M
name: Nie, Shuai
name: Leeming, Michael G
name: Nguyen, Thi HO
name: Kedzierski, Lukasz
name: Littler, Dene R
name: Kueh, Andrew
name: Cardamone, Tina
name: Wong, Chinn Yi
name: Hensen, Luca
name: Cabug, Aira
name: Laguna, Jaime Gómez
name: Agrawal, Mona
name: Flerlage, Tim
name: Boyd, David F
name: Van de Velde, Lee-Ann
name: Habel, Jennifer R
name: Loh, Liyen
name: Koay, Hui-Fern
name: van de Sandt, Carolien E
name: Konstantinov, Igor E
name: Berzins, Stuart P
name: Flanagan, Katie L
name: Wakim, Linda M
name: Herold, Marco
name: Green, Amanda M
name: Smallwood, Heather S
name: Rossjohn, Jamie
name: Thwaites, Ryan S
name: Chiu, Christopher
name: Scott, Nichollas E
name: Mackenzie, Jason M
name: Bedoui, Sammy
name: Reading, Patrick C
name: Londrigan, Sarah L
name: Helbig, Karla
name: Randolph, Adrienne G
name: Thomas, Paul G
name: Xu, Jianqing
name: Wang, Zhongfang
name: Chua, Brendon Y
name: Kedzierska, Katherine
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3207
subject: Medical microbiology

description: Respiratory infections cause significant morbidity and mortality, yet it is unclear why some individuals succumb to severe disease. In patients hospitalized with avian A(H7N9) influenza, we investigated early drivers underpinning fatal disease. Transcriptomics strongly linked oleoyl-acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) hydrolase (OLAH), an enzyme mediating fatty acid production, with fatal A(H7N9) early after hospital admission, persisting until death. Recovered patients had low OLAH expression throughout hospitalization. High OLAH levels were also detected in patients hospitalized with life-threatening seasonal influenza, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) but not during mild disease. In olah-/- mice, lethal influenza infection led to survival and mild disease as well as reduced lung viral loads, tissue damage, infection-driven pulmonary cell infiltration, and inflammation. This was underpinned by differential lipid droplet dynamics as well as reduced viral replication and virus-induced inflammation in macrophages. Supplementation of oleic acid, the main product of OLAH, increased influenza replication in macrophages and their inflammatory potential. Our findings define how the expression of OLAH drives life-threatening viral disease.
Hydrogenation induced magnetic and electronic transitions in monolayer electride Gd$_2$C: A first-principles study
Creators: name: Xu, Duo
name: Zhang, Jian-Feng
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
name: Liu, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently synthesized two-dimensional electride Gd$_2$C was proposed to be a ferromagnetic metal that possesses multiple pairs of Weyl points and may display a large anomalous Hall conductivity [Liu \textit{et al.}, Phys. Rev. Lett. \textbf{125}, 187203 (2020)]. In view of its layered structure, here we carry out first-principles studies on the magnetic and electronic properties of Gd$_2$C in the ultrathin monolayer limit. We find that monolayer Gd$_2$C remains ferromagnetic like the bulk form and the hydrogenation can effectively tune its magnetism and electronic structure. With one-sided coverage of hydrogen atoms, monolayer Gd$_2$C becomes a half-metal with one spin channel around the Fermi level. For two-sided hydrogenation, monolayer Gd$_2$C transforms to an antiferromagnetic insulator with a band gap of 0.8 eV. Our studies show that monolayer electride Gd$_2$C can perform multiple magnetic and electronic transitions with different levels of hydrogenation and may be also adopted to construct a planar heterojunction with selective area adsorption of hydrogen atoms, which has promising applications in future electronic and spintronic devices.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Nonlinear dynamics of topological helicity wave in a frustrated skyrmion string
Creators: name: Xia, Jing
name: Zhang, Xichao
name: Liu, Xiaoxi
name: Zhou, Yan
name: Ezawa, Motohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A skyrmion in frustrated magnetic system has the helicity degree of freedom. A skyrmion string is formed in a frustrated layered system, which is well described by the $XY$ model owing to the exchange coupling between adjacent layers. We consider a system where the interlayer exchange couplings are alternating, where the dimerized $XY$ model is materialized, whose linear limit is the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger model. We argue that it is a nonlinear topological system. We study the quench dynamics of the helicity wave under the initial condition that the helicity of the skyrmion in the bottommost layer is rotated. It yields a good signal to detect whether the system is topological or trivial. Our results show that the helicity dynamics of the skyrmion string have a rich physics in the modulated exchange-coupled system.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Solving Dirac equations on a 3D lattice with inverse Hamiltonian and spectral methods
Creators: name: Ren, Z. X.
name: Zhang, S. Q.
name: Meng, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method to solve the Dirac equation on a 3D lattice is proposed, in which the variational collapse problem is avoided by the inverse Hamiltonian method and the fermion doubling problem is avoided by performing spatial derivatives in momentum space with the help of the discrete Fourier transform, i.e., the spectral method. This method is demonstrated in solving the Dirac equation for a given spherical potential in 3D lattice space. In comparison with the results obtained by the shooting method, the differences in single particle energy are smaller than $10^{-4}$~MeV, and the densities are almost identical, which demonstrates the high accuracy of the present method. The results obtained by applying this method without any modification to solve the Dirac equations for an axial deformed, non-axial deformed, and octupole deformed potential are provided and discussed.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures
The Prime Number Theorem and Pair Correlation of Zeros of the Riemann Zeta-Function
Creators: name: Goldston, D. A.
name: Suriajaya, Ade Irma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11M06, 11M26, 11N05

description: We prove that the error in the prime number theorem can be quantitatively improved beyond the Riemann Hypothesis bound by using versions of Montgomery's conjecture for the pair correlation of zeros of the Riemann zeta-function which are uniform in long ranges and with suitable error terms.
description: 9 pages
Miniature biplanar coils for alkali-metal-vapor magnetometry
Creators: name: Tayler, Michael C. D.
name: Mouloudakis, Kostas
name: Zetter, Rasmus
name: Hunter, Dominic
name: Lucivero, Vito G.
name: Bodenstedt, Sven
name: Parkkonen, Lauri
name: Mitchell, Morgan W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic spin sensors offer precision measurements using compact, microfabricated packages, placing them in a competitive position for both market and research applications. Performance of these sensors such as dynamic range may be enhanced through magnetic field control. In this work, we discuss the design of miniature coils for three-dimensional, localized field control by direct placement around the sensor, as a flexible and compact alternative to global approaches used previously. Coils are designed on biplanar surfaces using a stream-function approach and then fabricated using standard printed-circuit techniques. Application to a laboratory-scale optically pumped magnetometer of sensitivity approximately 20 fT/Hz$^{1/2}$ is shown. We also demonstrate the performance of a coil set measuring $7 \times 17 \times 17$ mm$^3$ that is optimized specifically for magnetoencephalography, where multiple sensors are operated in proximity to one another. Characterization of the field profile using $^{87}$Rb free-induction spectroscopy and other techniques show $>$96% field homogeneity over the target volume of a MEMS vapor cell and a compact stray field contour of approximately 1% at 20 mm from the center of the cell.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Materiały do znajomości żądłówek (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) Powidzkiego Parku Krajobrazowego (Nizina Wielkopolsko-Kujawska)
Creators: name: Jacek Wendzonka, Zbiory Przyrodnicze, Wydział Biologii, Uniwersytet im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, ul. Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznań, Polska,email: setauron@gmail.com
name: Sebastian Salata, Pracownia Myrmekologiczna, Zakład Bioróżnorodności i Taksonomii Ewolucyjnej, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, ul. Przybyszewskiego 63, 50-148 Wrocław, Polska, e-mail: sebastian.salata@uwr.edu.pl
name: Waldemar Żyła, Dział Przyrody, Muzeum Górnośląskie w Bytomiu, pl. Sobieskiego 2, 41-902 Bytom, Polska, e-mail: w.zyla@muzuem.bytom.pl
name: Przemysław Żurawlew, Projekt Orthoptera Polski, Żbiki 45, 63-304 Czermin, Polska, email: grusleon@gmail.com
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Aculeata, Powidzki Landscape Park, faunistics, red lists of Polish insects, protected species

description: Materials to the knowledge of aculeates (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) of Powidzki Landscape Park (Wielkopolsko-Kujawska Lowland). In the years 2009-2023, research on aculeatas (Hymenoptera: Aculeata) was conducted in the Powidzki Landscape Park, located in the Gniezno Lake District. 213 species were recorded (a total of 1155 exx. were collected) belonging to 17 families: Bethylidae (1 species), Chrysididae (11), Scoliidae (2), Tiphidae (3), Mutilidae (2), Pompilidae (7), Sapygidae (2), Vespidae (24), Formicidae (16), Crabronidae (50), Sphecidae (4), Colletidae (9), Andrenidae (10), Halictidae (24), Melittidae (3), Megachilidae (24) and Apidae (21). Among them, the follwoing 26 species are listed in the Polish lists of endangered species: Chrysis graelsii Guèrin-Maneville, 1842, Ch. pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier, 1951, Chrysura austriaca (Fabricius, 1804), Hedychridium coriaceum (Dahlbom, 1854), Euodynerus notatus (Jurine, 1807), E. quadrifasciatus (Fabricius, 1793), Odynerus melanocephalus (Gmeling, 1790), O. spinipes (Linnaeus, 1758), Symmorphus crassicornis (Panzer, 1796), S. murarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Dolichoderus quadripunctatus (Linnaeus, 1771), Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783, Bembecinus tridens (Fabricius, 1781), Bembix rostrata (Linnaeus, 1758), Gorytes fallax Handlirsch, 1888, Lestica alata (Panzer, 1797), Nitela spinolae Latreille, 1809, Oxybelus variegatus Wesmael, 1852, Passaloecus clypealis Faester, 1947, Pemphredon austriaca (Kohl, 1888), Tachysphex fulvitarsis (A. Costa, 1867), Hylaeus gredleri Förster, 1871, H. signatus (Panzer, 1798), Andrena alfkenella Perkins, 1914, Hoplitis papaveris (Latreille, 1799) and Proanthidium oblongatum (Illiger, 1806). Additionally, 12 species are under partial protection in Poland: Formica pratensis Retzius, 1783, Tetraloniella dentata (Germar, 1839) and 10 species of the genus Bombus. Scolia hirta (Schrank, 1781) is listed in Polish Red Data Book.
Branch Decomposition-Independent Edit Distances for Merge Trees
Creators: name: Wetzels, Florian
name: Leitte, Heike
name: Garth, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Edit distances between merge trees of scalar fields have many applications in scientific visualization, such as ensemble analysis, feature tracking or symmetry detection. In this paper, we propose branch mappings, a novel approach to the construction of edit mappings for merge trees. Classic edit mappings match nodes or edges of two trees onto each other, and therefore have to either rely on branch decompositions of both trees or have to use auxiliary node properties to determine a matching. In contrast, branch mappings employ branch properties instead of node similarity information, and are independent of predetermined branch decompositions. Especially for topological features, which are typically based on branch properties, this allows a more intuitive distance measure which is also less susceptible to instabilities from small-scale perturbations. We describe a quartic runtime algorithm for computing optimal branch mappings, which is faster than the only other branch decomposition-independent method in the literature by more than a linear factor. Furthermore, we compare the results of our method on synthetic and real-world examples to demonstrate its practicality and utility.
Floquet Quantum Thermal Transistor
Creators: name: Gupt, Nikhil
name: Bhattacharyya, Srijan
name: Das, Bikash
name: Datta, Subhadeep
name: Mukherjee, Victor
name: Ghosh, Arnab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply periodic control to realize a quantum thermal transistor, which we term as the Floquet Quantum thermal Transistor. Periodic modulation allows us to control the heat flows and achieve large amplification factors even for fixed bath temperatures. Importantly, this transistor effect persists in the cut-off region, where traditional quantum thermal transistors operating in absence of periodic modulation, fail to act as viable heat modulation devices.
description: 16 pages, 12 figures
Cosmological Constant and Vacuum Zero Point Energy in Black Hole Backgrounds
Creators: name: Firouzjahi, Hassan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum vacuum zero point energy in the Schwarzschild black hole as well as in the Nariai limit of the dS-Schwarzschild backgrounds. We show that the regularized vacuum energy density near the black hole and also in the Nariai setup match exactly with the corresponding value in the flat background, scaling with the fourth power of the mass of the quantum field. The horizon radius of the dS space created from the vacuum zero point energy introduces a new length scale which should be compared with the black hole horizon radius. There is an upper limiting mass for the black hole immersed in the vacuum zero point energy which is determined by the mass of the Nariai metric associated to the dS background constructed from zero point energy. We calculate the variance in the distribution of the vacuum zero point energy and the density contrast and show that it develops strong inhomogeneities on sub-horizon scales.
description: v3, typos corrected. v2, discussions improved, matches published version. 27 pages, 3 figures
Photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy of SiV$^{-}$ and GeV$^{-}$ color center in diamond
Creators: name: Häußler, Stefan
name: Thiering, Gergő
name: Dietrich, Andreas
name: Waasem, Niklas
name: Teraji, Tokuyuki
name: Isoya, Junichi
name: Iwasaki, Takayuki
name: Hatano, Mutsuko
name: Jelezko, Fedor
name: Gali, Adam
name: Kubanek, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color centers in diamond are important quantum emitters for a broad range of applications ranging from quantum sensing to quantum optics. Understanding the internal energy level structure is of fundamental importance for future applications. We experimentally investigate the level structure of an ensemble of few negatively charged silicon-vacancy (SiV$^{-}$) and germanium-vacancy (GeV$^{-}$) centers in bulk diamond at room temperature by photoluminescence (PL) and excitation (PLE) spectroscopy over a broad wavelength range from 460 nm to 650 nm and perform power-dependent saturation measurements. For SiV$^{-}$ our experimental results confirm the presence of a higher energy transition at ~ 2.31 eV. By comparison with detailed theoretical simulations of the imaginary dielectric function we interpret the transition as a dipole-allowed transition from $^{2}E_{g}$-state to $^{2}A_{2u}$-state where the corresponding $a_{2u}$-level lies deeply inside the diamond valence band. Therefore, the transition is broadened by the diamond band. At higher excitation power of 10 mW we indicate signs of a parity-conserving transition at ~2.03 eV supported by saturation measurements. For GeV$^{-}$ we demonstrate that the PLE spectrum is in good agreement with the mirror image of the PL spectrum of the zero-phonon line (ZPL). Experimentally we do not observe a higher lying energy level up to a transition wavelength of 460 nm. The observed PL spectra are identical, independent of excitation wavelength, suggesting a rapid decay to $^{2}E_{u}$ excited state and followed by optical transition to $^{2}E_{g}$ ground state. Our investigations convey important insights for future quantum optics and quantum sensing experiments based on SiV$^{-}$ center and GeV$^{-}$ center in diamond.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Enhancement of the $\textbf{W}$ boson mass in the Georgi-Machacek model
Creators: name: Mondal, Poulami
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent CDF-II measurement of the mass of the $W$ boson shows a significant tension with the Standard Model (SM) expectation, even when averaged with earlier measurements. The tension can be explained in the framework of any beyond-SM dynamics that contributes substantially to the oblique $S$ and $T$ parameters. As a typical example of such beyond-SM physics, we try to explain the tension in the framework of the Georgi-Machacek model that keeps $ρ=1$ at the tree-level, and explore the parameter space that can accommodate the $W$ mass shift. We find that a sizeable split between the custodial triplet and 5-plet of scalars can help alleviate the tension to a large extent, and raise the $W$-mass by about 30 MeV over its SM value.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Fast multi-source nanophotonic simulations using augmented partial factorization
Creators: name: Lin, Ho-Chun
name: Wang, Zeyu
name: Hsu, Chia Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full-wave simulations are indispensable for nanophotonics and electromagnetics but are severely constrained on large systems, especially multi-channel ones such as disordered media, aperiodic metasurfaces, and densely packed photonic circuits where each input requires a large-scale simulation. Here we bypass the computationally demanding solution of Maxwell's equations and directly evaluate the full-wave multi-input response, with no approximation. We augment the Maxwell operator with all input source profiles and output projection profiles, followed by a single partial factorization that directly yields the entire multi-input scattering matrix via the Schur complement. This method is simple to implement and applies to any linear partial differential equation. Its advantage grows with size, being 1,000 to 30,000,000 times faster than existing methods for systems with about ten million variables. We use it to realize the first full-wave simulations of entangled-photon backscattering from disorder and all-angle characterizations of high-numerical-aperture metalenses that are thousands of wavelengths wide. This work reveals the significant efficiency gain when we rethink what to compute and enables the exploration of diverse multi-channel systems.
Centralized and decentral approaches to succeed the 100% energiewende in Germany in the European context: A model-based analysis of generation, network, and storage investments
Creators: name: Kendziorski, Mario
name: Göke, Leonard
name: von Hirschhausen, Christian
name: Kemfert, Claudia
name: Zozmann, Elmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper, we explore centralized and more decentral approaches to succeed the energiewende in Germany, in the European context. We use the AnyMOD framework to model a future renewable-based European energy system, based on a techno-economic optimization, i.e. cost minimization with given demand, including both investment and the subsequent dispatch of capacity. The model includes 29 regions for European countries, and 38 NUTS-2 regions in Germany. First the entire energy system on the European level is optimized. Based on these results, the electricity system for the German regions is optimized to achieve great regional detail to analyse spatial effects. The model allows a comparison between a stylized central scenario with high amounts of wind offshore deployed, and a decentral scenario using mainly the existing grid, and thus relying more on local capacities. The results reveal that the cost for the second optimization of these two scenarios are about the same: The central scenario is characterized by network expansion in order to transport the electricity from the wind offshore sites, whereas the decentral scenario leads to more photovoltaic and battery deployment closer to the areas with a high demand for energy. A scenarios with higher energy efficiency and lower demand projections lead to a significant reduction of investment requirements, and to different localizations thereof.
Gravitational wave modes in matter
Creators: name: Garg, Deepen
name: Dodin, I. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general linear gauge-invariant equation for dispersive gravitational waves (GWs) propagating in matter is derived. This equation describes, on the same footing, both the usual tensor modes and the gravitational modes strongly coupled with matter. It is shown that the effect of matter on the former is comparable to diffraction and therefore negligible within the geometrical-optics approximation. However, this approximation is applicable to modes strongly coupled with matter due to their large refractive index. GWs in ideal gas are studied using the kinetic average-Lagrangian approach and the gravitational polarizability of matter that we have introduced earlier. In particular, we show that this formulation subsumes the kinetic Jeans instability as a collective GW mode with a peculiar polarization, which is derived from the dispersion matrix rather than assumed a priori. This forms a foundation for systematically extending GW theory to GW interactions with plasmas, where symmetry considerations alone are insufficient to predict the wave polarization.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Generalized Hamming weights of three classes of linear codes
Creators: name: Jian, Gaopeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The generalized Hamming weights of a linear code have been extensively studied since Wei first use them to characterize the cryptography performance of a linear code over the wire-tap channel of type II. In this paper, we investigate the generalized Hamming weights of three classes of linear codes constructed through defining sets and determine them partly for some cases. Particularly, in the semiprimitive case we solve an problem left in Yang et al. (IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 61(9): 4905--4913, 2015).
Laboratory measurements of stretching band strengths of deuterated Quenched Carbonaceous Composites (D-QCC)
Creators: name: Mori, Tamami
name: Onaka, Takashi
name: Sakon, Itsuki
name: Buragohain, Mridusmita
name: Takahata, Naoto
name: Sano, Yuji
name: Pathak, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed large variation in the abundance of deuterium (D) in the interstellar medium (ISM) suggests that a significant fraction of D may be depleted into polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Signatures of deuteration of PAHs are expected to appear most clearly through C-D stretching modes at 4.4--4.7 micron, whose strengths in emission spectra relative to those of C-H stretching modes at 3.3--3.5 micron provide the relative abundance of D to hydrogen (H) in PAHs once we have accurate relative band strengths of both stretching modes. We report experimental results of the band strength of C-D stretching modes relative to C-H. We employ a laboratory analogue of interstellar carbonaceous dust, Quenched Carbonaceous Composite (QCC), and synthesize deuterated QCC (D-QCC) by replacing the starting gas of CH$_4$ of QCC by mixtures of CH$_4$ and CD$_4$ with various ratios. Infrared spectra of D-QCC are taken to estimate the relative band strengths of the stretching modes, while the D/H ratios in the D-QCC samples are measured with a nano-scale secondary ion mass spectrometer (NanoSIMS). We obtain that the relative strength of aromatic and aliphatic C-D to C-H stretches is 0.56 +/- 0.04 and 0.38 +/- 0.01 per D/H, respectively. The ratio for the aromatic stretches is in good agreement with the results of theoretical calculations, while that of aliphatic stretches is smaller than that of aromatic. The present results do not significantly change the D/H ratios in the interstellar PAHs previously estimated from observed spectra.
description: 8 pages, 1 table, 3 figures, accepted for the Astrophysical Journal
ADM formulation and Hamiltonian analysis of $f(Q)$ gravity
Creators: name: Hu, Kun
name: Katsuragawa, Taishi
name: Qiu, Taotao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: $f(Q)$ gravity is an extension of the symmetric teleparallel equivalent to general relativity. We demonstrate the Hamiltonian analysis of $f(Q)$ gravity with fixing the coincident gauge condition. Using the standard Dirac-Bergmann algorithm, we show that $f(Q)$ gravity has 8 physical degrees of freedom. This result reflects that the diffeomorphism symmetry of $f(Q)$ gravity is completely broken due to the gauge fixing. Moreover, in terms of the perturbations, we discuss the possible mode decomposition of these degrees of freedom.
description: 19 pages
Single Photon Production at Hadron Colliders at NNLO QCD with Realistic Photon Isolation
Creators: name: Chen, X.
name: Gehrmann, T.
name: Glover, E. W. N.
name: Höfer, M.
name: Huss, A.
name: Schürmann, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isolated photons at hadron colliders are defined by permitting only a limited amount of hadronic energy inside a fixed-size cone around the candidate photon direction. This isolation criterion admits contributions from collinear photon radiation off QCD partons and from parton-to-photon fragmentation processes. We compute the NNLO QCD corrections to isolated photon and photon-plus-jet production, including these two contributions. Our newly derived results allow us to reproduce the isolation prescription used in the experimental measurements, performing detailed comparisons with data from the LHC experiments. We quantify the impact of different photon isolation prescriptions, including no isolation at all, on photon-plus-jet cross sections and discuss possible measurements of the photon fragmentation functions at hadron colliders.
description: 42 pages, 19 figures, one table, journal version, four ancillary data files with the NNLO predictions enclosed
An Empirical Study on Internet Traffic Prediction Using Statistical Rolling Model
Creators: name: Saha, Sajal
name: Haque, Anwar
name: Sidebottom, Greg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-world IP network traffic is susceptible to external and internal factors such as new internet service integration, traffic migration, internet application, etc. Due to these factors, the actual internet traffic is non-linear and challenging to analyze using a statistical model for future prediction. In this paper, we investigated and evaluated the performance of different statistical prediction models for real IP network traffic; and showed a significant improvement in prediction using the rolling prediction technique. Initially, a set of best hyper-parameters for the corresponding prediction model is identified by analyzing the traffic characteristics and implementing a grid search algorithm based on the minimum Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Then, we performed a comparative performance analysis among AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Seasonal ARIMA (SARIMA), SARIMA with eXogenous factors (SARIMAX), and Holt-Winter for single-step prediction. The seasonality of our traffic has been explicitly modeled using SARIMA, which reduces the rolling prediction Mean Average Percentage Error (MAPE) by more than 4% compared to ARIMA (incapable of handling the seasonality). We further improved traffic prediction using SARIMAX to learn different exogenous factors extracted from the original traffic, which yielded the best rolling prediction results with a MAPE of 6.83%. Finally, we applied the exponential smoothing technique to handle the variability in traffic following the Holt-Winter model, which exhibited a better prediction than ARIMA (around 1.5% less MAPE). The rolling prediction technique reduced prediction error using real Internet Service Provider (ISP) traffic data by more than 50\% compared to the standard prediction method.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, To appear in the Proceedings of the International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference in Dubrovnik, Croatia, 2022
Optimized LTE Data Transmission Procedures for IoT: Device Side Energy Consumption Analysis
Creators: name: Andres-Maldonado, Pilar
name: Ameigeiras, Pablo
name: Prados-Garzon, Jonathan
name: Ramos-Munoz, Juan J.
name: Lopez-Soler, Juan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The efficient deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) over cellular networks, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) or the next generation 5G, entails several challenges. For massive IoT, reducing the energy consumption on the device side becomes essential. One of the main characteristics of massive IoT is small data transmissions. To improve the support of them, the 3GPP has included two novel optimizations in LTE: one of them based on the Control Plane (CP), and the other on the User Plane (UP). In this paper, we analyze the average energy consumption per data packet using these two optimizations compared to conventional LTE Service Request procedure. We propose an analytical model to calculate the energy consumption for each procedure based on a Markov chain. In the considered scenario, for large and small Inter-Arrival Times (IATs), the results of the three procedures are similar. While for medium IATs CP reduces the energy consumption per packet up to 87% due to its connection release optimization.
On the Transport Capability of LAN Cables in All-Analog MIMO-RoC Fronthaul
Creators: name: Naqvi, Syed Hassan Raza
name: Matera, Andrea
name: Combi, Lorenzo
name: Spagnolini, Umberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN) architecture is the only viable solution to handle the complex interference scenario generated by massive antennas and small cells deployment as required by next generation (5G) mobile networks. In conventional C-RAN, the fronthaul links used to exchange the signal between Base Band Units (BBUs) and Remote Antenna Units (RAUs) are based on digital baseband (BB) signals over optical fibers due to the huge bandwidth required. In this paper we evaluate the transport capability of copper-based all-analog fronthaul architecture called Radio over Copper (RoC) that leverages on the pre-existing LAN cables that are already deployed in buildings and enterprises. In particular, the main contribution of the paper is to evaluate the number of independent BB signals for multiple antennas system that can be transported over multi-pair Cat-5/6/7 cables under a predefined fronthauling transparency condition in terms of maximum BB signal degradation. The MIMO-RoC proves to be a complementary solution to optical fiber for the last 200m toward the RAUs, mostly to reuse the existing LAN cables and to power-supply the RAUs over the same cable.