cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
OpenTor: Anonymity as a Commodity Service
Creators: name: Androulaki, Elli
name: Raykova, Mariana Petrova
name: Stavrou, Angelos
name: Bellovin, Steven Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: Despite the growth of the Internet and the increasing concern for privacy of online communications, current deployments of anonymization networks depends on a very small set of nodes that volunteer their bandwidth. We believe that the main reason is not disbelief in their ability to protect anonymity, but rather the practical limitations in bandwidth and latency that stem from limited participation. This limited participation, in turn, is due to a lack of incentives. We propose providing economic incentives, which historically have worked very well. In this technical report, we demonstrate a payment scheme that can be used to compensate nodes which provide anonymity in Tor, an existing onion routing, anonymizing network. We show that current anonymous payment schemes are not suitable and introduce a hybrid payment system based on a combination of the Peppercoin Micropayment system and a new type of "one use" electronic cash. Our system claims to maintain users' anonymity, although payment techniques mentioned previously --- when adopted individually --- provably fail.
Assessing the Risk of Invasive Species Using Community Science Data
Creators: name: Heard, Matthew
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: This module introduces students who are already familiar with GIS to doing comparative analyses with large-scale community science (often called citizen science) data sets. Students will explore how we can use community science data to examine the spread and distribution of invasive species in different geographic locations. In the final step, students will identify different invasive species and determine if community science data accurately maps the threat these species pose.
Effects of N input level on the N-associated traits and physiological processes of winter wheat cultivated under water-saving condition
Creators: name: Lin, Ruize
name: Bai, Xinyang
name: Li, Fangafang
name: Zhang, Shuang
name: Han, Le
name: Xiao, Kai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Enhancing nitrogen (N) use efficiency (NUE) of cereal crops contribute largely to the sustainable agriculture worldwide. In this study, the effects of N input level on the N-associated and agronomic traits of winter wheat cultivated under deficit irrigation were investigated, using two contrasting NUE cultivars. Under sufficient-N treatment (SN, N240), the two cultivars including the high NUE Shinong 086 and the N deprivation sensitive Jimai 325 both displayed higher N concentrations, biomass, N accumulative amounts, and photosynthetic function at various growth stages and yields at maturity than those obtained under deficient-N treatment (DN, N120). For two cultivars examined, Shinong 086 showed profound improvement on the N-associated traits, photosynthetic function, and the agronomic traits with respect to Jimai 325 under both SN and ND treatments. These results were in consistent with the N supply responses of the tested wheat cultivars. Expression levels of TaNRT1, a nitrate transporter (NRT) family gene mediating N uptake and TaNR5/6, TaNIR6/7, and TaGS3/4, the genes in nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR), and glutamine synthetase (GS) families, respectively, were significantly upregulated in both N-deprived cultivars, with more transcripts in Shinong 086 plants than the Jimai 325 ones. Transgene analysis on TaNRT1 and TaGS3 validated their functions in positively regulating the plant N uptake and GS activity under DN conditions, respectively. Thus, distinct N uptake- and N assimilation-associated genes contributes to the plant adaptation of wheat plants to low-N stress given the enhanced transcription efficiency.
Oxidorhenium(V) and Rhenium(III) Complexes with Arylselenolato and -tellurolato Ligands
Creators: name: Noschang Cabral, Bruno
name: Fonseca Rodrigues, Jéssica
name: Roca Jungfer, Maximilian
name: Krebs, Anke
name: Hagenbach, Adelheid
name: Schulz Lang, Ernesto
name: Abram, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: arylselenolato ligands
subject: aryltellurolato ligands
subject: Density functional calculations
subject: rhenium
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: In situ prepared lithium arylselenolates {LiSePh, LiSe(2,6-Me2Ph), LiSe(2,4,6-Me3Ph)} or -tellurolates {LiTePh, LiTe(2,6-Me2Ph), LiTe(2,4,6-Me3Ph)} react with [ReOCl3(PPh3)2] and (NBu4)Br in good yields under formation of rhenium(V) complexes of the composition (NBu4)[ReO(L)4)]. The first oxidorhenium(V) complex with four monodentate phenolato ligands, [ReO(2,6-Me2Ph)4]−, was prepared and isolated in crystalline form. This allows a comparison of experimental and computational data of a full series of such compounds with basal O, S, Se and Te donor atoms. Similar reactions with [ReCl3(PPh3)2(CH3CN)] or [ReCl3(PMe2Ph)3] give trigonal bipyramidal rhenium(III) complexes of the compositions [Re(PPh3)(L)3(CH3CN)] or [Re(PPh3)2(L)3] depending on the chalcogenolate applied. The reported oxidorhenium(V) and rhenium(III) complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction. The bonding situation in the rhenium(V) and rhenium(III) chalcogenolates was assessed through density functional theory calculations based on the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis, charge analysis, the electron localization function (ELF) maps and topological descriptors at the {3,−1} critical points such as metallicities. Expectedly, the ionicity of the rhenium-chalcogen bonds decreases according to all three applied charge models from O to Te. Generally, the Re−Se and Re−Te bonds are more directional in the Re(III) complexes than in the oxidorhenium(V) compounds.
Chebyshev curves, free resolutions and rational curve arrangements
Creators: name: Dimca, Alexandru
name: Sticlaru, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 14H45, 14H50, Secondary 32S35

description: First we construct a free resolution for the Milnor (or Jacobian) algebra $M(f)$ of a complex projective Chebyshev plane curve $\CC_d:f=0$ of degree $d$. In particular, this resolution implies that the dimensions of the graded components $M(f)_k$ are constant for $k \geq 2d-3.$ Then we show that the Milnor algebra of a nodal plane curve $C$ has such a behaviour if and only if all the irreducible components of $C$ are rational. For the Chebyshev curves, all of these components are in addition smooth, hence they are lines or conics and explicit factorizations are given in this case.
description: 14 pages, version 3: two misprints are corrected on p.11 and a reference to further work by the authors in this direction is added
Colorado water, March/April 2012
Creators: name: Knebel, Lindsey A.
name: Colorado Water Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the state's research universities.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center of Colorado State University. Theme: Horticulture.
Venn Diagrams May Indicate Erroneous Statistical Reasoning in Transcriptomics
Creators: name: Weiner 3rd, January
name: Obermayer, Benedikt
name: Beule, Dieter
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: gene set analysis
subject: functional genomics
subject: gene set enrichment
subject: transcriptomics
subject: venn diagram
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: A common application of differential expression analysis is finding genes that are differentially expressed upon treatment in only one out of several groups of samples. One of the approaches is to test for significant difference in expression between treatment and control separately in the two groups, and then select genes that show statistical significance in one group only. This approach is then often combined with a gene set enrichment analysis to find pathways and gene sets regulated by treatment in only this group. Here we show that this procedure is statistically incorrect and that the interaction between treatment and group should be tested instead. Moreover, we show that gene set enrichment analysis applied to such incorrectly defined genes group-specific genes may result in misleading artifacts. Due to the presence of false negatives, genes significant in one, but not the other group are enriched in gene sets which correspond to the overall effect of the treatment. Thus, the results appear related to the problem at hand, but do not reflect the group-specific effect of a treatment. A literature search revealed that more than a quarter of papers which used a Venn diagram to illustrate the results of separate differential analysis have also applied this incorrect reasoning.
Essays in international trade
Creators: name: Pupato, German Pablo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation consists of three chapters in the eld of international trade. The rst two, jointly written with Matilde Bombardini and Giovanni Gallipoli, explore the role of skill dispersion as a source of comparative advantage. The first chapter presents a tractable multi-country, multi-sector model of trade with search frictions in which comparative advantage derives from (i) cross-sectoral differences in the substitutability of workers’ skills and (ii) cross-country differences in the dispersion of skills in the working population. We provide conditions under which higher skill dispersion triggers specialization in sectors characterized by higher substitutability among workers’ skills. The second chapter explores the empirical relevance of skill dispersion as a determinant of the pattern of trade across industries. The analysis relies on microdata from the International Adult Literacy Survey to construct measures of skill dispersion. Results indicate that the latter has a significant effect on the pattern of trade across industries, of a magnitude comparable to the aggregate endowments of human and physical capital. The result is robust to the controls for other proximate causes of comparative advantage, such as institutional quality and flexibility of labour markets. The third chapter offers a relatively unconventional approach to the empirical analysis of the factors that determine export decisions at the firm level, by exploring whether the characteristics of firms geographically located close to each other play a role in shaping their individual entry decisions. In particular, I develop an empirical framework to study whether export participation decisions of individual firms are influenced by non-market interactions (e.g. learning or imitation) with firms that belong to a common reference group. The main testable hypothesis is that, in the presence of entry costs, group composition affects the degree of state dependence of individual export decisions. This proposition is tested by applying a dynamic panel data estimator to a data set of Argentine manufacturing firms. The findings show that group composition influences individual export decisions. Most of this effect is channelled through entry costs. Firms benefit from proximity to productive firms but not from proximity to other exporters.
Efficient Shadows from Sampled Environment Maps
Creators: name: Ben-Artzi, Aner
name: Agrawala, Maneesh
name: Ramamoorthi, Ravi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper addresses the problem of efficiently calculating shadows from environment maps. Since accurate rendering of shadows from environment maps requires hundreds of lights, the expensive computation is determining visibility from each pixel to each light direction, such as by ray-tracing. We show that coherence in both spatial and angular domains can be used to reduce the number of shadow rays that need to be traced. Specifically, we use a coarse-to-fine evaluation of the image, predicting visibility by reusing visibility calculations from four nearby pixels that have already been evaluated. This simple method allows us to explicitly mark regions of uncertainty in the prediction. By only tracing rays in these and neighboring directions, we are able to reduce the number of shadow rays traced by up to a factor of 20 while maintaining error rates below 0.01%. For many scenes, our algorithm can add shadowing from hundreds of lights at twice the cost of rendering without shadows.
Momentum relaxation in a semiconductor proximity-coupled to a disordered s-wave superconductor: effect of scattering on topological superconductivity
Creators: name: Lutchyn, Roman M.
name: Stanescu, Tudor D.
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the superconducting proximity effect between a conventional semiconductor and a disordered s-wave superconductor. We calculate the effective momentum relaxation rate in the semiconductor due to processes involving electron tunneling into a disordered superconductor and scattering off impurities. The magnitude of the effective disorder scattering rate is important for understanding the stability of the topological (chiral p-wave) superconducting state that emerges in the semiconductor, since disorder scattering has a detrimental effect and can drive the system into a non-topological state. We find that the effective impurity scattering rate involves higher-order tunneling processes and is suppressed due to the destructive quantum interference of quasi-particle and quasi-hole trajectories. We show that, despite the fact that both the proximity-induced gap and the effective impurity scattering rate depend on interface transparency, there is a large parameter regime where the topological superconducting phase is robust against disorder in the superconductor. Thus, we establish that the static disorder in the superconductor does not suppress the proximity induced topological superconductivity in the semiconductor.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Primarily neutral effects of river restoration on macroinvertebrates, macrophytes, and fishes after a decade of monitoring
Creators: name: Sinclair, James S.
name: Mademann, Jane A.
name: Haubrock, Phillip J.
name: Haase, Peter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: aquatic
subject: biodiversity
subject: ecological quality
subject: freshwater
subject: long‐term monitoring
subject: temporal
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Restoring river habitat heterogeneity is expensive and time consuming, yet often has little effect on aquatic biota. Such poor restoration outcomes could be partly caused by the predominance of short‐term studies, which do not account for natural temporal fluctuations nor changes in the effects of restoration through time. Consequently, research that examines the longer‐term dynamics of river restoration is crucial for providing a temporal perspective of restoration outcomes and for informing the effectiveness of restoration methods. We used the Nidda River in Germany as a case study of the temporal effects of river hydromorphological restoration on different aquatic taxa. We surveyed macroinvertebrate, macrophyte, and fish communities across three sites prerestoration (2008) and then monitored changes in one control versus two restored sites across 10 years (2010–2019). Overall, we found few effects of restoration on the macroinvertebrate and macrophyte communities, with no effects whatsoever on fishes. Restoration improved some components of the macroinvertebrate and macrophyte communities; however, these positive effects were temporally inconsistent and did not translate to improvements in river ecosystem health (based on an index of ecological quality). Our findings illustrate how allowing for more time for community development will not necessarily alter the fact that local‐scale river habitat restoration can elicit little to no change in aquatic communities. Combining local‐ with broad‐scale restoration efforts that address the primary drivers of hydroecological decline, in addition to long‐term monitoring, may therefore be required to ensure that river restorations successfully meet their ecological goals.
Synthetic Approaches to Break the Chemical Shift Degeneracy of Glycans
Creators: name: Dal Colle, Marlene C. S.
name: Fittolani, Giulio
name: Delbianco, Martina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: glycans
subject: isotopic labeling
subject: NMR spectroscopy
subject: protein-glycan interactions
subject: site-specific labeling
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: NMR spectroscopy is the leading technique for determining glycans’ three‐dimensional structure and dynamic in solution as well as a fundamental tool to study protein‐glycan interactions. To overcome the severe chemical shift degeneracy of these compounds, synthetic probes carrying NMR‐active nuclei (e. g., 13C or 19F) or lanthanide tags have been proposed. These elegant strategies permitted to simplify the complex NMR analysis of unlabeled analogues, shining light on glycans’ conformational aspects and interaction with proteins. Here, we highlight some key achievements in the synthesis of specifically labeled glycan probes and their contribution towards the fundamental understanding of glycans.
A simple preprocessing scheme to extract and balance implicit parallelism in the concurrent match of production rules
Creators: name: Stolfo, Salvatore
name: Miranker, Daniel P.
name: Mills, Russell C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this brief paper we report a simple scheme to extract implicit parallelism in the low-level match phase of the parallel execution of production system programs. The essence of the approach is to replicate rules while introducing new constraints within each copy to restrict each individual rule to match a potentially smaller set of data elements. Speed up is achieved by matching each copy of a rule in parallel. Variations of this approach may be applicable to logic-based programming systems, such as PROLOG, executed in a parallel environment. Indeed, sequential implementations of OPS-style production systems based on the Rete match algorithm may enjoy performance advantages as well. This scheme may be implemented by a simple preprocessing stage which requires no modification to the underlying match algorithms.
Apterostigma bolivianum Weber 1938
Creators: name: Mera-Rodríguez, Daniela
name: Serna, Francisco
name: Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey
name: Lattke, John
name: Rabeling, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Apterostigma
Apterostigma bolivianum

description: (3) Apterostigma bolivianum Weber, 1938 Figure 2E, FMaterial examined. COLOMBIA: Antioquia • 1 work- er; Amalfi; 06°51′26″N, 075°07′32″W; alt. 1000 m; 30 Jul. 1997; F. Sernaleg.; MEFLG 40854. Identification. Eyes prominent (more than nine omma- tidia along the shortest axis); frontal lobes in full-face view subquadrate; anterior margin of clypeus in fullface view concave, lacking shiny cuticular strip; neck lacking median carina; mandibles elongate; anterior margin of pronotum in dorsal view convex, with median emargination and no lateral thickening; and mesopleu- ral ventral carina in lateral view well-developed, thick (Lattke 1997). Distribution. In Colombia, A. bolivianum was only known from Amazonas, thus the new record from Antioquia (Fig. 1C) suggests this species might be broadly dis- tributed throughout the country (Fig. 1C) (Weber 1938; Kempf 1972; Fernández et al. 1996; Lattke 1997). Apterostigma bolivianum is also known from the following countries in northwestern South America: Bolivia, Ec- uador, Peru, and Venezuela.
description: Published as part of Mera-Rodríguez, Daniela, Serna, Francisco, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Lattke, John & Rabeling, Christian, 2020, A checklist of the non-leaf-cutting fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Colombia, with new biogeographic records, pp. 1205-1227 in Check List 16 (5) on page 1208, DOI: 10.15560/16.5.1205, http://zenodo.org/record/4059086
description: {"references": ["Weber NA (1938) The biology of the fungus-growing ants. Part IV. Additional new forms. Part V. The Attini of Bolivia. Revista de Entomologia 9 (1 - 2): 154 - 206.", "Lattke JE (1997) Revision del genero Apterostigma Mayr: (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arquivos de Zoologia 34 (5): 121 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 34 i 5 p 121 - 221", "Kempf WW (1972) Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotro- pical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 15: 1 - 344.", "Fernandez F, Baena ML, Palacio EE (1996) Hormigas de Colombia V: el genero Stenamma Westwood. Tacaya 5: 9 - 10."]}
Construction and Performance of Large-Area Triple-GEM Prototypes for Future Upgrades of the CMS Forward Muon System
Creators: name: Tytgat, M.
name: Marinov, A.
name: Zaganidis, N.
name: Ban, Y.
name: Cai, J.
name: Teng, H.
name: Mohapatra, A.
name: Moulik, T.
name: Abbrescia, M.
name: Colaleo, A.
name: de Robertis, G.
name: Loddo, F.
name: Maggi, M.
name: Nuzzo, S.
name: Tupputi, S. A.
name: Benussi, L.
name: Bianco, S.
name: Colafranceschi, S.
name: Piccolo, D.
name: Raffone, G.
name: Saviano, G.
name: Bagliesi, M. G.
name: Cecchi, R.
name: Magazzu, G.
name: Oliveri, E.
name: Turini, N.
name: Fruboes, T.
name: Abbaneo, D.
name: Armagnaud, C.
name: Aspell, P.
name: Bally, S.
name: Berzano, U.
name: Bos, J.
name: Bunkowski, K.
name: Chatelain, J. P.
name: Christiansen, J.
name: Garcia, A. Conde
name: David, E.
name: De Oliveira, R.
name: Pinto, S. Duarte
name: Ferry, S.
name: Formenti, F.
name: Franconi, L.
name: Marchioro, A.
name: Mehta, K.
name: Merlin, J.
name: Nemallapudi, M. V.
name: Postema, H.
name: Rodrigues, A.
name: Ropelewski, L.
name: Sharma, A.
name: Smilkjovic, N.
name: Villa, M.
name: Zientek, M.
name: Gutierrez, A.
name: Karchin, P. E.
name: Gnanvo, K.
name: Hohlmann, M.
name: Staib, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At present, part of the forward RPC muon system of the CMS detector at the CERN LHC remains uninstrumented in the high-ηregion. An international collaboration is investigating the possibility of covering the 1.6 < |η| < 2.4 region of the muon endcaps with large-area triple-GEM detectors. Given their good spatial resolution, high rate capability, and radiation hardness, these micro-pattern gas detectors are an appealing option for simultaneously enhancing muon tracking and triggering capabilities in a future upgrade of the CMS detector. A general overview of this feasibility study will be presented. The design and construction of small (10\times10 cm2) and full-size trapezoidal (1\times0.5 m2) triple-GEM prototypes will be described. During detector assembly, different techniques for stretching the GEM foils were tested. Results from measurements with x-rays and from test beam campaigns at the CERN SPS will be shown for the small and large prototypes. Preliminary simulation studies on the expected muon reconstruction and trigger performances of this proposed upgraded muon system will be reported.
description: 7 pages, 25 figures, submitted for publication in conference record of the 2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium, Valencia, Spain
Blurring of Light Due to Multiple Scattering by the Medium: A Path Integral Approach
Creators: name: Ashikhmin, Michael
name: Premoze, Simon
name: Ramamoorthi, Ravi
name: Nayar, Shree K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Computer science

description: Volumetric light transport effects are significant for many materials like skin, smoke, clouds or water. In particular, one must consider the multiple scattering of light within the volume. Recently, we presented a path integral-based approach to this problem which identifies the most probable path light takes in the medium and approximates energy transport over all paths by only those surrounding this most probable one. In this report we use the same approach to derive useful expressions for the amount of spacial and angular blurring light experiences as it travels through a medium.
Colorado water, December 2001
Creators: name: Flanagan, Marian
name: Blackledge, Michael
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Water Center at Colorado State University.
Higher angular momentum states of bottomonium in lattice NRQCD
Creators: name: Lewis, Randy
name: Woloshyn, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On a cubic lattice the zero-momentum meson states have one of 20 possible Lambda^{PC} combinations where Lambda labels the irreducible representation of the octahedral group. Each continuum bottomonium state with specific J^{PC} quantum numbers is contained within one or more of the lattice Lambda^{PC} states. In this work, bottomonium quark-antiquark operators are constructed for all 20 lattice Lambda^{PC} combinations which allows many continuum high angular momentum states to be accessible as ground states of their associated lattice channels. From a dynamical simulation, realistic results are obtained for S-, P-, D-, F- and G-wave bottomonium states.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, published version
German and Austrian Émigré musical culture in the British internment camps of World War II : composer Hans Gál, Huyton Suite and the camp revue What a Life!
Creators: name: Snizek, Suzanne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: During the bombardment of Britain in World War II, the British government adopted a policy of mass internment of foreign nationals originating from ''enemy'' states (namely Germany, Austria and Italy). Using the experiences of interned composer Hans Gál and the genesis of his Huyton Suite trio and the camp revue What a Life! as a case study, this paper explores the musical culture that developed in the civilian internment camps of Huyton and Central Promenade. Though diverse, the internee population of these camps was disproportionately composed of leading German and Austrian intellectuals, such as sociologist Norbert Elias, musicologist Otto Erich Deutsch and composer Hans Gál. Classical music had typically been a prominent feature of this generation’s pre-war lives, and internment culture similarly reflected this importance. At least three original musical compositions were written, as well as premiered, during this internment period: Gál’s aforementioned Huyton Suite and What a Life!, and Franz Reizenstein’s finale movement to his Ballet Suite for Small Chamber Orchestra. Despite growing interest in this internment period there still remain many areas that are under-researched. This document discusses the hitherto unexamined experiences of Gál and some of the musicians who were interned along with Gál, including flutist Walter Bergmann, cellist Fritz Ball, composer Franz Reizenstein and flutist Nicolo Draber. The genesis of both the Huyton Suite and the revue What a Life! are also discussed. Through examination of historical documents and related diaries and memoirs, this thesis offers a vivid portrayal of musical life in these camps as it existed during the summer of 1940.
Tailoring Explanations for the User
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Wish, Myron
name: Matthews, Kevin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1985
Subjects: Computer science

description: In order for an expert system to provide the most effective explanations, it should be able to tailor its responses to the concerns of the user. One way in which explanations may be tailored is by point of view A method is presented for representing the knowledge to support different points of view in the current domain. In addition, we present a method for determining the point of view to take by inferring the user's goal within a brief discourse segment. The advising system's response to the derived goal depends on the strength of its belief in the inference for which a method of determination is also provided. This information enables the system to decide what answer to give to a question, which kind of justification is relevant, and when to provide it. Some details of the current implementation are included.
Chemische Ansätze für synthetische Wirkstofftransportsysteme für systemische Anwendungen
Creators: name: Braatz, Daniel
name: Cherri, Mariam
name: Tully, Michael
name: Dimde, Mathias
name: Ma, Guoxin
name: Mohammadifar, Ehsan
name: Reisbeck, Felix
name: Ahmadi, Vahid
name: Schirner, Michael
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: PEGylierung
subject: Polymer-Protein-Konjugate
subject: Polymer-Wirkstoff-Konjugate
subject: Selbstorganisierende Systeme
subject: Wirkstofftransportsysteme
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Schlechte Wasserlöslichkeit und geringe Bioverfügbarkeit von pharmazeutischen Wirkstoffen (APIs) sind die Hauptursache für Verzögerungen in der pharmazeutischen Industrie und stellen eine große Hürde für die Entwicklung neuer Arzneimittel dar. Der Transport von Arzneimitteln ist nach wie vor die größte Herausforderung für die Anwendung niedermolekularer Medikamente und Biopharmazeutika. Die drei Herausforderungen für synthetische Transportsysteme sind: (i) Kontrolle über die Wirkstoffverteilung und Clearance im Blut, (ii) Solubilisierung schlecht wasserlöslicher Wirkstoffe und (iii) selektive Akkumulation in bestimmten Geweben. Obwohl viele Polymer-basierte Systeme die ersten beiden Anforderungen erfüllen und in die klinische Praxis umgesetzt wurden, hat bisher noch kein zielgerichtetes, synthetisches Abgabesystem den Markt erreicht. Dieser Aufsatz soll einen Überblick über die Herausforderungen und Anforderungen zur Entwicklung und Umsetzung neuer Polymer-basierter Darreichungssysteme geben. Hauptaugenmerk liegt hierbei auf den chemischen Ansätzen für die Darreichung von Wirkstoffen für systemische Anwendungen.
Using an External DHT as a SIP Location Service
Creators: name: Singh, Kundan
name: Schulzrinne, Henning G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Computer science

description: Peer-to-peer Internet telephony using the Session Initiation Protocol (P2P-SIP) can exhibit two different architectures: an existing P2P network can be used as a replacement for lookup and updates, or a P2P algorithm can be implemented using SIP messages. In this paper, we explore the first architecture using the OpenDHT service as an externally managed P2P network. We provide design details such as encryption and signing using pseudo-code and examples to provide P2P-SIP for various deployment components such as P2P client, proxy and adaptor, based on our implementation. The design can be used with other distributed hash tables (DHTs) also.
Shear-induced anisotropic decay of correlations in hard-sphere colloidal glasses
Creators: name: Chikkadi, V.
name: Mandal, S.
name: Nienhuis, B.
name: Raabe, D.
name: Varnik, F.
name: Schall, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial correlations of microscopic fluctuations are investigated via real-space experiments and computer simulations of colloidal glasses under steady shear. It is shown that while the distribution of one-particle fluctuations is always isotropic regardless of the relative importance of shear as compared to thermal fluctuations, their spatial correlations show a marked sensitivity to the competition between shear-induced and thermally activated relaxation. Correlations are isotropic in the thermally dominated regime, but develop strong anisotropy as shear dominates the dynamics of microscopic fluctuations. We discuss the relevance of this observation for a better understanding of flow heterogeneity in sheared amorphous solids.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Apterostigma ierense Weber 1937
Creators: name: Mera-Rodríguez, Daniela
name: Serna, Francisco
name: Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey
name: Lattke, John
name: Rabeling, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Apterostigma
Apterostigma ierense

description: (9) Apterostigma ierense Weber, 1937 Figure 4A, BMaterial examined. COLOMBIA: Vaupés • 1 worker; Taraira; 01°04′00″S, 069°31′00″W; alt. 85 m; 14–20 May 2001; A. Sabogal leg.; UNAB 4742. Identification. Lateroventral margin of frontal lobes completely curved and covering the antennae inser- tions; the cervical carina in dorsal view is shaped as two rounded lobes; and body densely pubescent (Lattke 1997). Distribution.Apterostigma ierense is mostly distributed in the Amazon basin, being reported from Bolivia, Bra- zil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. In Central America, A. ierense is only known from Panama (Kempf 1972; Lattke 1997; Mayhé-Nuñes and Jaffé 1998; Fernán- dez and Sendoya 2004).
description: Published as part of Mera-Rodríguez, Daniela, Serna, Francisco, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Lattke, John & Rabeling, Christian, 2020, A checklist of the non-leaf-cutting fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Colombia, with new biogeographic records, pp. 1205-1227 in Check List 16 (5) on page 1211, DOI: 10.15560/16.5.1205, http://zenodo.org/record/4059086
description: {"references": ["Lattke JE (1997) Revision del genero Apterostigma Mayr: (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arquivos de Zoologia 34 (5): 121 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 34 i 5 p 121 - 221", "Kempf WW (1972) Catalogo abreviado das formigas da regiao neotro- pical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica 15: 1 - 344.", "Mayhe-Nunes A, Jaffe K (1998) On the biogeography of Attini (Hyme- noptera: Formicidae). Ecotropicos 11 (1): 45 - 54."]}
Methods for Performance Evaluation of Parallel Computer Systems
Creators: name: Eisenstadter, Yoram
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1986
Subjects: Computer science

description: Although parallel computers have existed for many years, recently there has been a surge of academic, industrial and governmental interest in parallel computing. Commercially manufactured parallel computers have started to become available. Many new experimental parallel architectures are reported in the literature every year. Software for many types of applications, from scientific number crunching to artificial intelligence, is being written to run on parallel machines. Performance is an essential consideration both in the design of new systems and the deployment of existing systems. Users of computers wish to utilize their hardware and software systems as efficiently as possible. Over the years, a field known as computer performance evaluation has arisen to address the problem of quantifying and predicting computer performance. Methods exist that can determine how efficiently a system's resources are being used. These can help track down the probable causes of performance problems.
Higgs Decay to Two Photons
Creators: name: Marciano, William J.
name: Zhang, Cen
name: Willenbrock, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amplitude for Higgs decay to two photons is calculated in renormalizable and unitary gauges using dimensional regularization at intermediate steps. The result is finite, gauge independent, and in agreement with previously published results. The large Higgs mass limit is examined using the Goldstone-boson equivalence theorem as a check on the use of dimensional regularization and to explain the absence of decoupling.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures; references added
Does a Plant-Based Diet Stand Out for Its Favorable Composition for Heart Health? Dietary Intake Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial
Creators: name: Dressler, Justina
name: Storz, Maximilian Andreas
name: Müller, Carolin
name: Kandil, Farid I.
name: Kessler, Christian S.
name: Michalsen, Andreas
name: Jeitler, Michael
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: plant-based diet
subject: nutrient supply
subject: cardiovascular risk
subject: dietary intake
subject: vegan
subject: vegetarian
subject: micronutrients
subject: macronutrients
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: A plant-based diet (PBD) can provide numerous health benefits for patients with cardiovascular risk factors. However, an inadequately planned PBD also bear the potential for deficiencies in certain macro- and micronutrients. The present study analyzed nutrient profiles of individuals who adopted a PBD as part of the CardioVeg study. Participants with cardiovascular risk factors were randomly assigned to either a whole-food PBD intervention (n = 36; eight 90 min group meetings including two 120 min cooking sessions) or a control group asked to maintain an omnivorous diet (n = 34) for eight weeks. Food intake data were collected using three-day weighed food records and analyzed with NutriGuide software, including the German Nutrient Data Base (German: Bundeslebensmittelschlussel). Nutrient intake was compared before and after eight weeks as well as between the groups. The results for both groups were then contrasted to the current dietary recommendations published by the societies for nutrition in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. Moreover, anthropometric/laboratory data and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring were determined at baseline and after 8 weeks. Data of a subsample (n = 18 in the PBD group and n = 19 in the control group) were used for the present analyses of the dietary intake data. A PBD yielded several benefits including (but not limited to) a lower energy density, a lower intake of cholesterol and saturated fat, an increased consumption of fiber, and a lower intake of salt. Recommended intakes of most vitamins and minerals were generally met, except for vitamin B12 in the PBD group. A low intake of several other critical nutrients (vitamin D, iodine) was observed in both groups. Compared with the control group, PBD resulted in a significant decrease in body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, HbA1c, and fasting blood glucose after 8 weeks. Overall, it can be concluded that a PBD had a more favorable nutrient composition for cardiovascular health than the omnivorous dietary pattern of the control group.
Muon Spin Rotation in Heavy Electron Pauli Limited Superconductors
Creators: name: Michal, Vincent P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formalism for analyzing the magnetic field distribution in the vortex lattice of Pauli limited heavy electron superconductors is applied to the evaluation of the vortex lattice static linewidth relevant to Muon Spin Rotation ($μ$SR) experiment. On the basis of the Ginzburg-Landau expansion for the superconductor free energy we study the evolution with respect to external field of the static linewidth both in the limit of independent vortices (low magnetic field) and in the near $H_\mathrm{c2}^\mathrm{p}(T)$ regime by using an extension of the Abrikosov analysis to Pauli limited superconductors. We conclude that in the Ginzburg-Landau regime with Pauli limit, the electrodynamics of the vortex lattice predicts anomalous variations with applied field of the static linewidth which is a result of the spin response contribution to screening supercurrents that dominates the usual charge response. The model is proposed as a benchmark for comparison with possible other effects including vortex core localized states or interplay with magnetism.
Apterostigma jubatum Wheeler 1925
Creators: name: Mera-Rodríguez, Daniela
name: Serna, Francisco
name: Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey
name: Lattke, John
name: Rabeling, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Apterostigma
Apterostigma jubatum

description: (10) Apterostigma jubatum Wheeler, 1925 Figure 4C, DMaterial examined. COLOMBIA: Chocó • 1 worker; Quibdó; 05°40′40″N, 076°35′36″W; alt. 35 m; 24 Nov. 2001; J. Neita leg.; UNAB 4743. Identification. Head in frontal view with frontal lobes ovoid; anterior portion of clypeus with profile concave and convex in the middle; mandibles with 7–8 teeth; and humeral prominence high (Lattke 1997). Distribution.Apterostigma jubatum is mostly distributed throughout the Amazon-Orinoco basin, known to occur in Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela (Fernández et al. 1996; Lattke 1997) as well as the Bra- zilian states of Amazonas, Minas Gerais, and Pará.
description: Published as part of Mera-Rodríguez, Daniela, Serna, Francisco, Sosa-Calvo, Jeffrey, Lattke, John & Rabeling, Christian, 2020, A checklist of the non-leaf-cutting fungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Colombia, with new biogeographic records, pp. 1205-1227 in Check List 16 (5) on page 1211, DOI: 10.15560/16.5.1205, http://zenodo.org/record/4059086
description: {"references": ["Wheeler WM (1925) Neotropical ants in the collections of the Royal Museum of Stockholm. Part I. Arkiv for zoologi 17 A (8): 1 - 55.", "Lattke JE (1997) Revision del genero Apterostigma Mayr: (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Arquivos de Zoologia 34 (5): 121 - 221. https: // doi. org / 10.11606 / issn. 2176 - 7793. v 34 i 5 p 121 - 221", "Fernandez F, Baena ML, Palacio EE (1996) Hormigas de Colombia V: el genero Stenamma Westwood. Tacaya 5: 9 - 10."]}
Adaptive group testing as channel coding with feedback
Creators: name: Aldridge, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Group testing is the combinatorial problem of identifying the defective items in a population by grouping items into test pools. Recently, nonadaptive group testing - where all the test pools must be decided on at the start - has been studied from an information theory point of view. Using techniques from channel coding, upper and lower bounds have been given on the number of tests required to accurately recover the defective set, even when the test outcomes can be noisy. In this paper, we give the first information theoretic result on adaptive group testing - where the outcome of previous tests can influence the makeup of future tests. We show that adaptive testing does not help much, as the number of tests required obeys the same lower bound as nonadaptive testing. Our proof uses similar techniques to the proof that feedback does not improve channel capacity.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
In Vitro Evaluation of Five Newly Isolated Bacteriophages against E. faecalis Biofilm for Their Potential Use against Post-Treatment Apical Periodontitis
Creators: name: Voit, Marie
name: Trampuz, Andrej
name: Gonzalez Moreno, Mercedes
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Enterococcus faecalis
subject: biofilm
subject: persistent root canal infection
subject: bacteriophage isolation
subject: bacteriophage-antibiotic combination
subject: isothermal microcalorimetry
subject: apical periodontitis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: State-of-the-art treatment of root canal infection includes the use of mechanical debridement and chemical agents. This disinfection method is limited, and microorganisms can remain in the canal system. Enterococcus faecalis appears with a high prevalence in secondary and persistent root canal infections and can be linked to endodontic treatment failure due to its various resistance mechanisms. Here, we evaluated the activity of newly isolated bacteriophages against clinical isolates of E. faecalis (including one vancomycin- and gentamicin-resistant strain) as a single treatment or in combination with gentamicin and vancomycin. For the resistant strain, daptomycin and fosfomycin were tested. Sixteen E. faecalis strains were used to screen for the presence of bacteriophages in sewage. Five different bacteriophages were characterized in terms of virion morphology, host range and killing-kinetics against each E. faecalis host strain. To investigate the antibiofilm effect of antibiotic and phages, E. faecalis biofilm was grown on porous glass beads and treated with different antibiotic concentrations and with isolated bacteriophages alone or in staggered combinations. A strong biofilm reduction was observed when phages were combined with antibiotic, where combinations with gentamicin showed a better outcome compared to vancomycin. Regarding the resistant strain, daptomycin had a superior antibiofilm effect than fosfomycin.