cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Neotetranychus Tragardh 1915
Creators: name: Khan, Eid Muhammad
name: Kamran, Muhammad
name: Alatawi, Fahad Jaber
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Tetranychidae
Neotetranychus

description: Genus Neotetranychus Trägårdh
 Type species: Neotetranychus rubi Trägårdh, 1915: 33.
 Diagnosis — Based on the Pritchard and Baker (1955) and Meyer, 1987.
 Female: Dorsal body setae long and set on strong tubercles; opisthosomal integument mostly with transverse striae, wrinkled or reticulated clusters; legs empodia curved, uncinate and undivided along most of its length, with distal tip divided into pairs of fine hairs; two pairs of pseudoanal setae ( ps 1−2 ).
description: Published as part of Khan, Eid Muhammad, Kamran, Muhammad & Alatawi, Fahad Jaber, 2019, A new species and new records of Tetranychidae (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Saudi Arabia, with a key to world species of Mixonychus Ryke and Meyer, pp. 492-506 in Acarologia 59 (4) on page 494, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20194349, http://zenodo.org/record/5173848
Evolutionary dynamics of cooperation in a population with probabilistic corrupt enforcers and violators
Creators: name: Liu, Linjie
name: Chen, Xiaojie
name: Szolnoki, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pro-social punishment is a key driver of harmonious and stable society. However, this institution is vulnerable to corruption since law-violators can avoid sanctioning by paying bribes to corrupt law-enforcers. Consequently, to understand how altruistic behavior survives in a corrupt environment is an open question. To reveal potential explanations here we introduce corrupt enforcers and violators into the public goods game with pool punishment, and assume that punishers, as corrupt enforcers, may select defectors probabilistically to take a bribe from, and meanwhile defectors, as corrupt violators, may select punishers stochastically to be corrupted. By means of mathematical analysis, we aim to study the necessary conditions for the evolution of cooperation in such corrupt environment. We find that cooperation can be maintained in the population in two distinct ways. First, cooperators, defectors, and punishers can coexist by all keeping a steady fraction of the population. Second, these three strategies can form a cyclic dominance that resembles a rock-scissors-paper cycle or a heteroclinic cycle. We theoretically identify conditions when the competing strategies coexist in a stationary way or they dominate each other in a cyclic way. These predictions are confirmed numerically.
title: Does the Buck Stop Here? A Comparison of Withdrawals from Money Market Mutual Funds with Floating and Constant Share Prices
Creators: name: Witmer, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: Recent reform proposals call for an elimination of the constant net asset value (NAV) or “buck” in money market mutual funds to reduce the occurrence of runs. Outside the United States, there are several countries that have money market mutual funds with and without constant NAVs. Using daily data on individual fund flows from these countries, this paper evaluates whether the reliance on a constant NAV is associated with a higher frequency of sustained fund outflows. Preliminary evidence suggests that funds with a constant NAV are more likely to experience sustained outflows, even after controlling for country fixed effects and other factors. Moreover, these sustained outflows in constant NAV money market funds were more acute during the period of the run on the Reserve Primary fund, and were subdued after the U.S. Treasury guarantee program for money market funds was put in place. Consistent with the theory that constant NAV funds receive additional implicit support from fund sponsors, fund liquidations are less prevalent in funds with a constant NAV following periods of larger outflows.
description: En vue de réduire le risque de ruée, des propositions de réforme récentes appellent à l’interdiction des fonds communs de placement monétaires à valeur liquidative (VL) constante. Dans plusieurs pays en dehors des États-Unis, les fonds monétaires à VL variable et constante coexistent. À partir de données quotidiennes relatives aux flux financiers issus des fonds de ces pays, l’auteur évalue si le modèle à VL stable est associé à des sorties prolongées de capitaux plus fréquentes. Les résultats préliminaires semblent confirmer que les fonds à VL constante sont plus susceptibles de connaître des sorties prolongées de capitaux, même après prise en compte des effets fixes de pays et d’autres facteurs. En outre, les fuites ont été plus importantes lorsque le fonds Reserve Primary a subi une hémorragie de capitaux, et elles sont tombées après la mise en place par le Trésor américain d’un programme de garantie des fonds monétaires. En accord avec l’idée que les fonds à VL stable reçoivent de leurs promoteurs un soutien implicite supplémentaire, l’auteur constate que les fonds de cette catégorie enregistrent moins de liquidations après des sorties importantes de capitaux.
The Fundamental Relation between Supermassive Black Holes and Their Host Galaxies
Creators: name: de Nicola, Stefano
name: Marconi, Alessandro
name: Longo, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the correlations between Supermassive Black Holes (BH) and their host galaxies, using a sample of 83 BH masses collected from the most recent and reliable spatially resolved estimates available from the literature. We confirm the mono- and bivariate correlations between SMBHs and the bulges of their host galaxies, confirming that the correlation with the effective velocity dispersion is not significantly improved by higher dimensionality. Instead, pseudobulges do not seem to correlate with their SMBHs, probably because their secular evolution is often unable to trigger accretion onto the central BH. We then present a novel approach aimed at finding the fundamental relation between SMBHs and their host galaxies. For the first time, we analytically combine BH masses with the Fundamental Plane (FP), showing that Mbh-sigma_e appears to be the fundamental relation rather than a putative "BH Fundamental Plane" of the kind Mbh-sigma_e-R_e. These results can be explained by a picture which sees the Mbh-sigma_e relation as a natural outcome of the change in AGN feedback from momentum- to energy-driven. The other scaling relations are then established through the FP.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, accepted by MNRAS
title: 02_0776
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Physical changes during Z-track movement in Sco X-1 on the flaring branch
Creators: name: Barnard, R.
name: Church, M. J.
name: Balucinska-Church, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a detailed study of X-ray flaring in the Z-track source Sco X-1 in a highly super-Eddington state made using high quality Rossi-XTE data from the PCA and HEXTE instruments. The emission model successfully used to explain the dipping LMXB, and other classes of LMXB in recent years, was applied to study the physical evolution along the Z-track which remains a major problem. This model consists of blackbody emission from the neutron star plus Comptonized emission from an extended accretion disk corona. As found in earlier work, major changes take place in the neutron star blackbody emission with kT increasing in flaring, and the blackbody radius R_BB increasing substantially to a maximum value of 9.4 +/- 0.6 km, consistent with the radius of the neutron star, after which R_BB decreases. Thus this result is a measurement of neutron star radius. The behaviour of Sco X-1 in flaring is compared with our previous results for the strong flaring that takes place in the bright dipping, flaring LMXB X 1624-490. Remarkably, during movement along the Normal Branch towards the apex with the Flaring Branch, the luminosities of both spectral components decrease, suggesting the possibility that Mdot may decrease on the Normal Branch, contrary to the widely-held view that Mdot increases monotonically along the Z-track. During flaring, we detect for the first time an increase of the Comptonization cut-off energy which may suggest heating of the ADC plasma by the neutron star flare. The energy of a broad Gaussian line at 6.4 keV does not change, but the intensity of the line increases in flaring suggesting either an increase in ADC size in flaring or the effects of irradiation by the neutron star.
description: 12 pages including 8 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics in press; reference list corrected
Quantum Shuttle in Phase Space
Creators: name: Novotny, Tomas
name: Donarini, Andrea
name: Jauho, Antti-Pekka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a quantum theory of the shuttle instability in electronic transport through a nanostructure with a mechanical degree of freedom. A phase space formulation in terms of the Wigner function allows us to identify a cross-over from the tunnelling to the shuttling regime, thus extending the previously found classical results to the quantum domain. Further, a new dynamical regime is discovered, where the shuttling is driven exclusively by the quantum noise.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; minor changes; final version published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Experimental Investigation into SLS Glass Surface Modification Using KrF Excimer Laser
Creators: name: Nategh, Shahryar
name: Vijverman, Pieter
name: Missinne, Jeroen
name: Belis, Jan
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: Glass is a brittle material and any damage or modification of its surface may have a profound impact on the strength. To modify the glass surface, the precision of the instrument is determining for achieving the most reliable results. Nowadays, laser technology as a non-contact tool is employed as a glass cutting, drilling and holing tool in many applications such as sensors and optical communications. Along with high speed, flexibility, and scalability, lasers with short pulse duration can break the interatomic bonds before perturbing the lattice. Among lasers, excimer micromachining lasers have some advantages in terms of surface morphology, including depth control, edge quality, and minimizing peripheral thermal damage as the ablation process is more likely to be material-removing instead of heating. This article aims to examine the interaction of krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser with the soda-lime silica (SLS) glass by fabricating grooves and microholes.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
On the Nature of Collinder 121: Insights from the Low-Mass Pre-Main Sequence
Creators: name: Burningham, Ben
name: Naylor, Tim
name: Jeffries, R. D.
name: Devey, C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a VI photometric catalogue towards the open cluster Cr 121. XMM-Newton and ROSAT data are used to discover a low-mass pre-main sequence (PMS) along this sight-line. de Zeeuw et al (1999) identified Cr 121 as a moving group, using HIPPARCOS data, at a distance of 592 pc. We reject the scenario that these low-mass PMS stars are associated with that association. By considering the higher mass main sequence stellar membership of the groups along this sight-line, the density of low-mass PMS stars and their age spread we argue that the low-mass PMS stars are associated with a young, compact cluster at a distance of 1050 pc. This is consistent with the original description of Cr 121 (Collinder, 1931), and we argue that this distant compact cluster should retain its original designation. The moving group detected by de Zeeuw et al (1999) resembles a foreground association and we agree with Eggen (1981) that this should be called CMa OB2. This study demonstrates that although the de Zeeuw et al (1999) census of OB associations is an invaluable resource for studying local star formation, it must be interpreted in the context other data when considering structure over distances of the same order as the limits of the Hipparcos parallaxes.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, MNRAS accepted. Catalogues from this paper and others produced by the cluster collaboration are available from http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/timn/Catalogues/description.html
Experimental investigation on the structural performance of square hollow glass columns under axial compression
Creators: name: Zhao, Suinan
name: Chen, Suwen
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: This paper presents an experimental study into the global behavior of glass columns with square hollow cross-section under axial compression. In the research, totally 6 specimens were tested. All specimens were of the same geometry (length 750 mm, width 150 mm and 10 mm) but had different composition. Half of them were made of monolithic glass, with the other half made of laminated glass. The adopted interlayer material is PVB which is widely used in practice. During the test, vertical displacement, lateral deflection and normal stresses at mid-span were measured. For all specimens, local failure mechanism at the top or bottom due to progressive cracking was found, without any damage occurred at the glued joint. However, there is significant difference between the specimens made of monolithic glass and those made of laminated glass. Laminated glass columns had a sufficient residual capacity, able to carry compressive load in the post-crack stage, while monolithic glass columns collapsed quickly after the appearance of the first crack. Subsequently, the influence of the initial geometrical imperfection was studied in detail. Based on the results of experiment, the current findings could be further extended to various glass columns typologies (e.g. different cross-sections) in order to build appropriate practical design rules.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
Load-bearing Behaviour of Laminated Tempered Glass with Reground Edges
Creators: name: Möckel, Maximilian
name: Lohr, Katharina
name: Weller, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: Designers use exposed glass edges to reach maximum transparency, for example within glass steps, glass beams or glass columns. These applications require mechanical finishing to achieve high optical quality and to compensate for the edge notch that results from the manufacturing process of safety glass. Regrinding of annealed glass is allowed without restrictions. In the case of glass with load bearing functions, tempered glass, heat-strengthened glass or fully tempered glass, is required. However, a risk of premature failure occurs when regrinding tempered glass because of a reduction of the compression zone at the edge. A research project at the Institute of Building Construction, Technische Universität Dresden, examined the impact of regrinding tempered glass on the load-bearing capacity of the glass edge. The study showed the load-bearing capacity decreased depending on the regrinding depth. Specifically, the study revealed a significant difference between the weakening of heat-strengthened glass and fully tempered glass due to the different inherent stress conditions of the different types of glass. Accordingly, regrinding heat-strengthened glass is possible up to a certain limit without critical weakening. To extend the previous studies, the project team conducted component tests on laminated glass beams manufactured from fully tempered glass and heat-strengthened glass with and without reground edges. The examination included tensile bending tests. The experimental results show the influence of regrinding on the load-bearing capacity of the glass components. This paper focusses on the evaluation of the component tests as well as the structural design. Moreover, the results of the pre-tests with single pane glass beams are presented and compared with the component tests. The research results will allow the utilization of structural glass elements with the highest optical quality in the future.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
title: Natural Monopoly and Distorted Competition: Evidence from Unbundling Fiber-Optic Networks
Creators: name: Minamihashi, Naoaki
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: Can regulation solve problems arising from a natural monopoly? This paper analyzes whether “unbundling,” referring to regulations that enforce sharing of natural monopolistic infrastructure, prevents entrants from building new infrastructure. It models and estimates a dynamic entry game to evaluate the effects of regulation, using a dataset for construction of fiber-optic networks in Japan. The counterfactual exercise shows that forced unbundling regulation leads to a 24% decrease in the incidence of new infrastructure builders. This suggests, therefore, that when a new technology is being diffused, regulation to remove a natural monopoly conversely involves risks that regulated monopolists’ shares will increase.
description: La réglementation peut-elle résoudre les problèmes associés à un monopole naturel? L’auteur étudie si le « dégroupement », dont l’imposition oblige les entreprises qui exercent un monopole naturel à partager leur infrastructure, empêche la construction de nouvelles infrastructures par des firmes faisant leur entrée sur le marché. Afin d’évaluer les effets de la réglementation, l’auteur modélise et estime un jeu dynamique d’entrée en utilisant un ensemble de données relatives à la construction de réseaux à fibres optiques au Japon. Les résultats de la simulation contrefactuelle indiquent que le recours forcé au dégroupement fait diminuer de 24 % le nombre de nouveaux constructeurs d’infrastructure. L’étude donne donc à penser qu’en période de diffusion d’une nouvelle technologie, chercher à supprimer un monopole naturel par la voie de la réglementation risque plutôt d’accroître la part du marché du monopoleur réglementé.
Supplementary document for Young’s double-slit experiment with a partially coherent vortex beam - 4946229.pdf
Creators: name: Chen, Tianchi
name: Lu, Xingyuan
name: Zeng, Jun
name: Wang, Zhuoyi
name: Zhao, Chengliang
name: Hoenders, Bernhard
name: Cai, Yangjian
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
Computational challenges for MC event generation
Creators: name: Buckley, Andy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sophistication of fully exclusive MC event generation has grown at an extraordinary rate since the start of the LHC era, but has been mirrored by a similarly extraordinary rise in the CPU cost of state-of-the-art MC calculations. The reliance of experimental analyses on these calculations raises the disturbing spectre of MC computations being a leading limitation on the physics impact of the HL-LHC, with MC trends showing more signs of further cost-increases rather than the desired speed-ups. I review the methods and bottlenecks in MC computation, and areas where new computing architectures, machine-learning methods, and social structures may help to avert calamity.
description: Based on a plenary talk at ACAT 2019
Remotophagus oaxacanensis Esser & R & Usa & M 2018, nov.sp.
Creators: name: Esser, Jens
name: R, Nearctic
name: Usa
name: M, New
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cryptophagidae
Remotophagus
Remotophagus oaxacanensis

description: Remotophagus oaxacanensis nov.sp. (fig. 3)
T y p e m a t e r i a l: Holotype ♂: " Mexico: Oaxaca, 23 km N Oaxaca City, hwy 175, 2650 m, 8.X.1990, leg. R. Baranowski / sifting litter, pine-oak forest" [ZMLU].
Paratypes: 4♂♂, 7♀♀ " Mexico: Oaxaca, 21 km N Villa Diaz Ordaz, 3100 m, 7.IX.1990, leg. R. Baranowski / sifting litter, boreal forest" [ZMLU, cES]
E t y m o l o g y: Named after the Mexican state Oaxaca were the types were collected.
 D e s c r i p t i o n: Body small, 1.9 mm, reddish-brown, membranous wings absent, extremities slender. Surface with moderately strong and dense punctation, more strong on head and pronotum. Pubescence yellowish, long and decumbent (fig. 3). Eyes hemispherical rounded, of normal size and with medium fine ommatidia. Antennae 11-segmented with a 3-segmented club. Segment I nearly long as wide, segment II smaller and slightly longer, segment III nearly 2 x long as wide. Segment IV to VIII decreasing in length, VIII rounded. Segment IX and X hardly transverse, X wider than IX, XI dropshaped. Segments IX, X and XI are asymmetric. Pronotum with moderately rounded, with one small tooth-like anterior callosity and two small teeth on each side. Glandular porus only at the anterior callosity visible. Sides broad flattened, median area convex. Side margin distinctly rimed, also basal margin. Pronotum transverse (about 1,5 x wider than long). Elytra stout and rounded, oviform, humeral callus absent. Tarsal formula 5-5- 4 (females with 5-5-5).
 C o m m e n t: See description of Remotophagus nov.gen. Known only from the type locality.
description: Published as part of Esser, Jens, R, Nearctic, Usa & M, New, 2018, New genera and new species of Cryptophagidae (Coleoptera) from USA and Mexico, pp. 1079-1083 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 1082, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5174073
MOESM1 of Strategies for recruitment in general practice settings: the iSOLVE fall prevention pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Tan, Amy
name: Clemson, Lindy
name: Mackenzie, Lynette
name: Sherrington, Catherine
name: Roberts, Chris
name: Tiedemann, Anne
name: Pond, Constance
name: White, Fiona
name: Simpson, Judy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. CONSORT 2010 checklist of information to include when reporting a cluster randomised trial and Extension of CONSORT for abstracts to reports of cluster randomised trials.
title: Systematic Risk, Debt Maturity and the Term Structure of Credit Spreads
Creators: name: Chen, Hui
name: Xu, Yu
name: Yang, Jun
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: We build a dynamic capital structure model to study the link between systematic risk exposure and debt maturity, as well as their joint impact on the term structure of credit spreads. Our model allows for time variation and lumpiness in the maturity structure. Relative to short-term debt, long-term debt is less prone to rollover risks, but its illiquidity raises the costs of financing. The risk premium embedded in the bankruptcy costs causes firms with high systematic risk to favour longer debt maturity, as well as a more stable maturity structure over the business cycle. Pro-cyclical debt maturity amplifies the impact of aggregate shocks on the term structure of credit spreads, especially for firms with high leverage or high beta, and for firms with a large amount of long-term debt maturing when the aggregate shock arrives. However, endogenous maturity choice can also reduce and even reverse the effect of rollover risk on credit spreads. We provide empirical evidence for the model predictions on both debt maturity and credit spreads.
description: À l’aide d’un modèle dynamique de la structure de capital, les auteurs étudient le lien entre l’exposition des entreprises au risque systématique et l’échéance de leur dette, ainsi que les incidences conjointes de ces deux facteurs sur la structure par terme des écarts de crédit. Dans leur modèle, la structure des échéances peut varier dans le temps et être irrégulière. Les obligations à long terme sont moins sensibles au risque de refinancement que les titres à court terme, mais leur illiquidité a pour effet d’alourdir les coûts d’emprunt. La prime de risque intégrée aux coûts de faillite amène les firmes très exposées au risque systématique à préférer une dette à plus long terme et une structure des échéances plus stable sur le cycle économique. La procyclicité des échéances amplifie les répercussions des chocs globaux sur la structure par terme des écarts de crédit, surtout dans le cas des entreprises fortement endettées ou dont les titres affichent un bêta élevé et de celles qui ont un volume considérable d’obligations à long terme échéant au moment du choc global. Cependant, le choix endogène de l’échéance peut également atténuer, voire inverser, les effets du risque de refinancement sur les écarts de crédit. Les auteurs testent empiriquement la validité des prévisions de leur modèle concernant l’échéance de la dette et les écarts de crédit.
title: What Drags and Drives Mobility: Explaining Canada’s Aggregate Migration Patterns
Creators: name: Amirault, David
name: de Munnik, Daniel
name: Miller, Sarah
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: Using census data at the economic region level from 1991 to 2006 and a gravity model framework, this paper examines the factors that influence migration within Canada. Results from both Poisson pseudo-maximum likelihood and negative binominal regression models suggest that provincial borders are statistically significant barriers to migration but the magnitude of their effect varies by model specification. The regression results also indicate that differences in employment rates, household incomes and language are important in explaining migration between Canadian economic regions. We also find evidence that the negative effect of distance on migration may be declining over time.
description: Dans un cadre gravitationnel et à l’aide de données ventilées par région tirées du recensement pour les années 1991 à 2006, les auteurs étudient les facteurs qui influent sur la migration interrégionale au Canada. Les résultats qu’ils tirent de l’estimation de modèles de Poisson par la méthode du pseudo-maximum de vraisemblance ainsi que de modèles de régression binomiale négative donnent à penser que les frontières provinciales sont un frein statistiquement significatif à la migration, mais l’ampleur de l’effet varie selon la spécification du modèle. Les résultats indiquent aussi que les disparités en matière de taux d’emploi et de revenu des ménages et les différences de langue sont des facteurs déterminants des flux migratoires entre les régions économiques du Canada. Enfin, les auteurs notent que l’effet dissuasif de la distance diminue peut-être avec le temps.
Non-destructive testing of the strength of glass by a non-linear ultrasonic method
Creators: name: Persson, Kent
name: Haller, Kristian
name: Karlsson, Stefan
name: Kozłowski, Marcin
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: The paper presents basis and experimental results of a non-destructive method aimed at determination of the presence of large surface cracks in glass samples by measurements with NAW® technology (Nonlinear Acoustic Wave). The method is based on a transmitted ultrasonic wave in the material from which the non-linear content of the signal can be analysed. A sample containing defects presents nonlinearities in the form of distortions, such as, higher order harmonics that are detected. Nonlinearities in the signal are primarily formed at crack-tips and the number of nonlinearities is proportional to the amount of damage, or defects, in the sample that is investigated. The result of the measurement and evaluation, that only takes a few seconds, is a damage value that is easy to understand and to use for immediate application. A number of preliminary test results and comparisons with destructive testing for various test setups, as well as a recent test strategy including fabricated defects with a nanoindenter will be discussed.
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
Metachronal wave and hydrodynamic interaction for deterministic switching rowers
Creators: name: Lagomarsino, M. Cosentino
name: Jona, P.
name: Bassetti, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a model system, called rowers, as a generic physical framework to define the problem of the coordinated motion of cilia (the metachronal wave) as a far from equilibrium process. Rowers are active (two-state) oscillators interacting solely through forces of hydrodynamic origin. In this work, we consider the case of fully deterministic dynamics, find analytical solutions of the equation of motion in the long wavelength (continuum) limit, and investigate numerically the short wavelength limit. We prove the existence of metachronal waves below a characteristic wavelength. Such waves are unstable and become stable only if the sign of the coupling is reversed. We also find that with normal hydrodynamic interaction the metachronal pattern has the form of stable trains of traveling wave packets sustained by the onset of anti-coordinated beating of consecutive rowers.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
title: Efficiency and Bargaining Power in the Interbank Loan Market
Creators: name: Allen, Jason
name: Chapman, James
name: Echenique, Federico
name: Shum, Matthew
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2012

description: Using detailed loan transactions-level data we examine the efficiency of an overnight interbank lending market, and the bargaining power of its participants. Our analysis relies on the equilibrium concept of the core, which imposes a set of no-arbitrage conditions on trades in the market. For Canada we show that while the market is fairly efficient, some degree of inefficiency persists throughout our sample. The level of inefficiency matches distinct phases of both the Bank of Canada’s operations as well as phases of the 2007- 2008 financial crisis, where more liquidity intervention implies more inefficiency. We find that bargaining power tilted sharply towards borrowers as the financial crisis progressed, and towards riskier borrowers. This supports a nuanced version of the Too- Big-To-Fail story, whereby participants continued to lend to riskier banks at favorable rates, not because of explicit support to the riskier banks provided by governmental authorities, but rather due to the collective self-interest of these banks.
description: À l’aide de données détaillées sur les transactions relatives aux prêts, les auteurs examinent l’efficience du marché du financement interbancaire à un jour ainsi que le pouvoir de négociation de ses participants. L’analyse repose sur ce concept d’équilibre qu’est le coeur, qui impose un ensemble de conditions de non-arbitrage aux opérations du marché. L’étude montre que même si, au Canada, ce marché fonctionne de façon efficace, il se caractérise par un certain degré d’inefficience tout au long de la période considérée. Les variations du degré d’inefficience correspondent à des phases distinctes tant des opérations de la Banque du Canada que de la crise financière de 2007-2008, des injections accrues de liquidité ayant pour corollaire une plus grande inefficience. Les auteurs constatent par ailleurs que la balance du pouvoir de négociation a penché très nettement durant la crise du côté des institutions emprunteuses, en particulier du côté des emprunteurs à risque. Cela tend à confirmer une version nuancée d’une hypothèse bien connue, à savoir que l’État vole au secours des banques en difficulté lorsque celles-ci sont trop grosses ou trop complexes (too big to fail). Selon cette version, les participants auraient continué d’octroyer des prêts à taux favorables aux banques à risque, non du fait d’un soutien explicite des autorités à ces banques, mais surtout parce que cet octroi était dans l’intérêt collectif des prêteurs.
A deep survey of heavy element lines in planetary nebulae - I. Observations and forbidden-line densities, temperatures and abundances
Creators: name: Tsamis, Y. G.
name: Barlow, M. J.
name: Liu, X. -W.
name: Danziger, I. J.
name: Storey, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spectrophotometry of 12 Galactic and 3 Magellanic Cloud planetary nebulae (PNe). Nine of the Galactic PNe were observed by scanning the slit across the PN. We use the fluxes of collisionally excited lines (CELs) to derive electron densities (D's) and temperatures (T's), and ionic abundances. We find that the D's derived from optical CEL ratios are systematically higher than those derived from the ratios of the IR fine-structure (FS) lines of [OIII], indicating the presence of significant density variations within the PNe. We also compare T's obtained from the ratio of optical nebular to auroral [OIII] lines with those obtained from the ratio of [OIII] optical to IR FS lines. We find that when the latter are derived using D's based on the [OIII] 52um/88um ratio, they yield values that are significantly higher than the optical [OIII] T's. Contrasting this, [OIII] optical/IR T's derived using the higher D's obtained from [ClIII] 5517A/5537A ratios show much closer agreement with optical [OIII] T's, implying that the observed [OIII] optical/IR ratios are significantly weighted by D's in excess of the critical densities of both [OIII] FS lines. Consistent with this, ionic abundances derived from [OIII] and [NIII] FS lines using D's from optical CELs show much better agreement with abundances derived for the same ions from optical and UV CELs than do abundances derived from the FS lines using the lower D's obtained from the 52um/88um ratios. The behaviour of T's obtained making use of the T-insensitive IR FS lines provides no support for significant T-fluctuations within the PNe that could be responsible for derived Balmer jump T's being lower than those obtained from the much more T-sensitive [OIII] optical lines.
description: 36 pages; 3 figures; to be published in MNRAS
The NSVZ $β$-function for theories regularized by higher covariant derivatives: the all-loop sum of matter and ghost singularities
Creators: name: Stepanyantz, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The contributions of the matter superfields and of the Faddeev--Popov ghosts to the $β$-function of ${\cal N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theories defined in terms of the bare couplings are calculated in all orders in the case of using the higher covariant derivative regularization. For this purpose we use the recently proved statement that the $β$-function in these theories is given by integrals of double total derivatives with respect to the loop momenta. These integrals do not vanish due to singularities of the integrands. This implies that the $β$-function beyond the one-loop approximation is given by the sum of the singular contributions, which is calculated in all orders for singularities produced by the matter superfields and by the Faddeev--Popov ghosts. The result is expressed in terms of the anomalous dimensions of these superfields. It coincides with the corresponding part of the new form of the NSVZ equation, which can be reduced to the original one with the help of the non-renormalization theorem for the triple gauge-ghost vertices.
description: 38 pages, 4 figures
Glass design in Switzerland
Creators: name: Wüest, Thomas
name: Luible, Andreas
Publisher: name: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings
Year: 2020

description: In the past glass design in Switzerland was based on foreign standards and regulations. Questions raised whether the application of these standards is suitable, as they do not comply with the Swiss Standard SIA 260 – Basis of design. The most used standards are the German technical regulations for the use of glazing with linear supports (TRLV) and the DIN 18008. The Swiss society of engineers and architects (SIA) initiated a structural glass standard committee with the task to develop a Swiss glass design standard. The new Swiss glass design standard is based on the same concept as the Eurocode10 "Design of Structural Glass", which is currently in preparation. In future, this standard will be the basis of the Swiss national annex of the Eurocode. An important issue in glass design practice is the shear coupling effect in laminated glass. The standard allows taking into the shear coupling effects and thus will lead to more economic pane thickness. A new concept was developed to meet post failure requirements without time-consuming and costly tests. A new approach for the determination of temperatures in IGU was established to determine the climate loads of insulated glazing units (IGU).
description: Challenging Glass Conference Proceedings, Vol. 7 (2020): Challenging Glass 7
Graph Fourier Transform Based on $\ell_1$ Norm Variation Minimization
Creators: name: Yang, Lihua
name: Qi, Anna
name: Huang, Chao
name: Huang, Jianfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The definition of the graph Fourier transform is a fundamental issue in graph signal processing. Conventional graph Fourier transform is defined through the eigenvectors of the graph Laplacian matrix, which minimize the $\ell_2$ norm signal variation. However, the computation of Laplacian eigenvectors is expensive when the graph is large. In this paper, we propose an alternative definition of graph Fourier transform based on the $\ell_1$ norm variation minimization. We obtain a necessary condition satisfied by the $\ell_1$ Fourier basis, and provide a fast greedy algorithm to approximate the $\ell_1$ Fourier basis. Numerical experiments show the effectiveness of the greedy algorithm. Moreover, the Fourier transform under the greedy basis demonstrates a similar rate of decay to that of Laplacian basis for simulated or real signals.
Calculation of nanowire thermal conductivity using complete phonon dispersion relations
Creators: name: Mingo, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lattice thermal conductivity of crystalline Si nanowires is calculated. The calculation uses complete phonon dispersions, and does not require any externally imposed frequency cutoffs. No adjustment to nanowire thermal conductivity measurements is required. Good agreement with experimental results for nanowires wider than 35 nm is obtained. A formulation in terms of the transmission function is given. Also, the use of a simpler, nondispersive "Callaway formula", is discussed from the complete dispersions perspective.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Accepted in Phys. Rev. B
Estimating the cost of air pollution in South East Queensland: An application of the life satisfaction non-market valuation approach
Creators: name: Ambrey, Christopher L.
name: Chan, Andrew Yiu-Chung
name: Fleming, Christopher M.
name: Ambrey, Christopher L.
name: Chan, Andrew Yiu-Chung
name: Fleming, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Air Pollution
subject: Happiness
subject: Household
subject: Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA)
subject: Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
subject: Life Satisfaction

description: Making use of data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey coupled with air pollution data generated by The Air Pollution Model (TAPM), this paper employs the life satisfaction approach to estimate the cost of air pollution from human activities in South East Queensland. This paper offers at least three improvements over much of the existing literature: (1) within- (as opposed to cross-) country variations in air pollution are considered; (2) very high resolution air pollution data is employed; and (3) weather variables are included as controls within the life satisfaction function. A strong negative relationship is found between ambient concentrations of PM10 and life satisfaction, yielding a substantial willingness-to-pay for pollution reduction.
A dc voltage step-up transformer based on a bi-layer ν=1 quantum Hall system
Creators: name: Halperin, B. I.
name: Stern, Ady
name: Girvin, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A bilayer electron system in a strong magnetic field at low temperatures, with total Landau level filling factor nu =1, can enter a strongly coupled phase, known as the (111) phase or the quantum Hall pseudospin-ferromagnet. In this phase there is a large quantized Hall drag resistivity between the layers. We consider here structures where regions of (111) phase are separated by regions in which one of the layers is depleted by means of a gate, and various of the regions are connected together by wired contacts. We note that with suitable designs, one can create a DC step-up transformer where the output voltage is larger than the input, and we show how to analyze the current flows and voltages in such devices.
Directionally Constrained Fully Convolutional Neural Network For Airborne Lidar Point Cloud Classification
Creators: name: Wen, Congcong
name: Yang, Lina
name: Peng, Ling
name: Li, Xiang
name: Chi, Tianhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Point cloud classification plays an important role in a wide range of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications, such as topographic mapping, forest monitoring, power line detection, and road detection. However, due to the sensor noise, high redundancy, incompleteness, and complexity of airborne LiDAR systems, point cloud classification is challenging. In this paper, we proposed a directionally constrained fully convolutional neural network (D-FCN) that can take the original 3D coordinates and LiDAR intensity as input; thus, it can directly apply to unstructured 3D point clouds for semantic labeling. Specifically, we first introduce a novel directionally constrained point convolution (D-Conv) module to extract locally representative features of 3D point sets from the projected 2D receptive fields. To make full use of the orientation information of neighborhood points, the proposed D-Conv module performs convolution in an orientation-aware manner by using a directionally constrained nearest neighborhood search. Then, we designed a multiscale fully convolutional neural network with downsampling and upsampling blocks to enable multiscale point feature learning. The proposed D-FCN model can therefore process input point cloud with arbitrary sizes and directly predict the semantic labels for all the input points in an end-to-end manner. Without involving additional geometry features as input, the proposed method has demonstrated superior performance on the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) 3D labeling benchmark dataset. The results show that our model has achieved a new state-of-the-art level of performance with an average F1 score of 70.7%, and it has improved the performance by a large margin on categories with a small number of points (such as powerline, car, and facade).
Gamma-Ray Bursts versus Quasars: Lyman-alpha Signatures of Reionization versus Cosmological Infall
Creators: name: Barkana, Rennan
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lyman-alpha absorption is a prominent cosmological tool for probing both galactic halos and the intergalactic medium at high redshift. We consider a variety of sources that can be used as the Lyman-alpha emitters for this purpose. Among these sources, we argue that quasars are the best probes of the evolution of massive halos, while gamma-ray bursts represent the cleanest sources for studying the reionization of the intergalactic medium.
description: 13 ApJ pages, 5 figures, ApJ, final minor changes