cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A near-infrared interferometric survey of debris-disc stars. IV. An unbiased sample of 92 southern stars observed in H-band with VLTI/PIONIER
Creators: name: Ertel, Steve
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Defrere, Denis
name: Bouquin, Jean-Baptiste Le
name: Augereau, Jean-Charles
name: Marion, Lindsay
name: Blind, Nicolas
name: Bonsor, Amy
name: Bryden, Geoffrey
name: Lebreton, Jeremy
name: Milli, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context. Detecting and characterizing circumstellar dust is a way to study the architecture and evolution of planetary systems. Cold dust in debris disks only traces the outer regions. Warm and hot exozodiacal dust needs to be studied in order to trace regions close to the habitable zone. Aims. We aim to determine the prevalence and to constrain the properties of hot exozodiacal dust around nearby main-sequence stars. Methods. We search a magnitude limited (H < 5) sample of 92 stars for bright exozodiacal dust using our VLTI visitor instrument PIONIER in the H-band. We derive statistics of the detection rate with respect to parameters such as the stellar spectral type and age or the presence of a debris disk in the outer regions of the systems. We derive more robust statistics by combining our sample with the results from our CHARA/FLUOR survey in the K-band. In addition, our spectrally dispersed data allows us to put constraints on the emission mechanism and the dust properties in the detected systems. Results. We find an over-all detection rate of bright exozodiacal dust in the H-band of 11% (9 out of 85 targets) and three tentative detections. The detection rate decreases from early type to late type stars and increases with the age of the host star. We do not confirm the tentative correlation between the presence of cold and hot dust found in our earlier analysis of the FLUOR sample alone. Our spectrally dispersed data suggest that either the dust is extremely hot or the emission is dominated by the scattered light in most cases. The implications of our results for the target selection of future terrestrial planet finding missions using direct imaging are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables, updated references and minor changes to the text, accepted for publication in A&A
Design, synthesis and biological assessment of novel N-substituted 3-(phthalimidin-2-yl)-2,6-dioxopiperidines and 3-substituted 2,6-dioxopiperidines for TNF-α inhibitory activity
Creators: name: Greig, Nigel H.
name: Lahiri, Debomoy K.
name: Holloway, Harold W.
name: Salcedo, Isidro
name: Luo, Weiming
name: Tweedie, David
name: Brossi, Arnold
name: Yu, Qian-sheng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Eight novel 2-(2, 6-dioxopiperidin-3-yl)phthalimidine EM-12 dithiocarbamates 9 and 10, N-substituted 3-(phthalimidin-2-yl)-2, 6-dioxopiperidines 11–14 and 3-substituted 2, 6-dioxopiperidines 16 and 18 were synthesized as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-β) synthesis inhibitors. Synthesis involved utilization of a novel condensation approach, a one-pot reaction involving addition, iminium rearrangement and elimination, to generate the phthalimidine ring required for the creation of compounds 9–14. Agents were, thereafter, quantitatively assessed for their ability to suppress the synthesis on TNF-β in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mouse macrophage-like cellular screen, utilizing cultured RAW 264.7 cells. Whereas compounds 9, 14 and 16 exhibited potent TNF-α lowering activity, reducing TNF-α by up to 48% at 30 μM, compounds 12, 17 and 18 presented moderate TNF-α inhibitory action. The TNF-α lowering properties of these analogues proved more potent than that of revlimid (3) and thalidomide (1). In particular, N-dithiophthalimidomethyl-3-(phthalimidin-2-yl)-2, 6-dioxopiperidine 14 not only possessed the greatest potency of the analogues to reduce TNF-α synthesis, but achieved this with minor cellular toxicity at 30 μM. The pharmacological focus of the presented compounds is towards the development of well-tolerated agents to ameliorate the neuroinflammation that is commonly associated with neurodegenerative disorders, epitomized by Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.
Recommendations for a national agenda to substantially reduce cervical cancer
Creators: name: Devlin, Leah
name: Shlay, Judith C.
name: Shedd-Steele, Rivienne
name: Wynn, Theresa
name: Fouad, Mona
name: Alexander, Kenneth
name: Chernofsky, Mildred R.
name: Casey, Baretta R.
name: Vernon, Sally W.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Huh, Warner
name: Crosby, Richard
name: Zimet, Gregory D.
name: Engle, Jeffrey
name: Dunton, Charles J.
name: Fernandez, Maria
name: Smith, Jennifer S.
name: Rothholz, Mitchel C.
name: Kinney, Walter
name: Walker, Joan
name: Pierce, Jennifer
name: Derting, Libby
name: Rios, Elena
name: Saslow, Debbie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Prophylactic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines and new HPV screening tests, combined with traditional Pap test screening, provide an unprecedented opportunity to greatly reduce cervical cancer in the USA. Despite these advances, thousands of women continue to be diagnosed with and die of this highly preventable disease each year. This paper describes the initiatives and recommendations of national cervical cancer experts toward preventing and possibly eliminating this disease.
Seeking the Epoch of Maximum Luminosity for Dusty Quasars
Creators: name: Vardanyan, Valeri
name: Weedman, Daniel
name: Sargsyan, Lusine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared luminosities vLv(7.8 um) arising from dust reradiation are determined for Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) quasars with 1.4 < z < 5 using detections at 22 um by the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer. Infrared luminosity does not show a maximum at any redshift z < 5, reaching a plateau for z >~ 3 with maximum luminosity vLv(7.8 um) >~ 10^{47} erg per s; luminosity functions show one quasar per cubic Gpc having vLv(7.8 um) > 10^{46.6} erg per s for all 2 < z < 5. We conclude that the epoch when quasars first reached their maximum luminosity has not yet been identified at any redshift below 5. The most ultraviolet luminous quasars, defined by rest frame vLv(0.25 um), have the largest values of the ratio vLv(0.25 um)/vLv(7.8 um) with a maximum ratio at z = 2.9. From these results, we conclude that the quasars most luminous in the ultraviolet have the smallest dust content and appear luminous primarily because of lessened extinction. Observed ultraviolet/infrared luminosity ratios are used to define "obscured" quasars as those having > 5 magnitudes of ultraviolet extinction. We present a new summary of obscured quasars discovered with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph and determine the infrared luminosity function of these obscured quasars at z ~ 2.1. This is compared with infrared luminosity functions of optically discovered, unobscured quasars in the SDSS and in the AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey. The comparison indicates comparable numbers of obscured and unobscured quasars at z ~ 2.1 with a possible excess of obscured quasars at fainter luminosities.
description: Accepted 2014 June 7 for publication in The Astrophysical Journal; received 2013 August 22. v2 contains reference updates added in proof
Communication About ADHD and Its Treatment During Pediatric Asthma Visits
Creators: name: Sleath, Betsy
name: Sayner, Robyn
name: Davis, Stephanie
name: Sulzer, Sandra H.
name: Gillette, Christopher
name: Slota, Catherine
name: Carpenter, Delesha M.
name: Sandler, Adrian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The objectives of the study were to examine provider-family communication about attention deficit disorder during pediatric asthma visits. Children with asthma, aged 8 through 16 and their parents were recruited at five pediatric practices. All medical visits were audio-taped. There were 296 asthmatic children enrolled into the study and 67 of them also had ADHD. ADHD communication elements suggested by national guidelines were discussed infrequently. Providers were more likely to discuss, educate, and ask one or more questions about ADHD medications if the visit was non-asthma related. Providers included child input into the ADHD treatment regimen during 3% of visits and they included parent input during 4.5% of visits. Only one child and three parents asked questions about ADHD. Providers may neglect essential aspects of good ADHD management and communication in children who have ADHD plus another chronic condition such as asthma. Providers should set appropriate treatment expectations, establish target symptoms, and encourage children and parents to ask questions so mutual decision-making can occur.
Ordered arrays of magnetic nanowires investigated by polarized small-angle neutron scattering
Creators: name: Maurer, Thomas
name: Gautrot, Sébastien
name: Ott, Frédéric
name: Chaboussant, Grégory
name: Zighem, Fatih
name: Cagnon, Laurent
name: Fruchart, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polarized small-angle neutron scattering (PSANS) experimental results obtained on arrays of ferromagnetic Co nanowires ($ϕ\approx13$ nm) embedded in self-organized alumina (Al$_{2}$O$_{3}$) porous matrices are reported. The triangular array of aligned nanowires is investigated as a function of the external magnetic field with a view to determine experimentally the real space magnetization $\vec{M}(\vec{r})$ distribution inside the material during the magnetic hysteresis cycle. The observation of field-dependentSANSintensities allows us to characterize the influence of magnetostatic fields. The PSANS experimental data are compared to magnetostatic simulations. These results evidence that PSANS is a technique able to address real-space magnetization distributions in nanostructured magnetic systems. We show that beyond structural information (shape of the objects, two-dimensional organization) already accessible with nonpolarized SANS, using polarized neutrons as the incident beam provides information on the magnetic form factor and stray fields \textgreek{m}0Hd distribution in between nanowires.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Perceived economic inequality enlarges the perceived humanity gap between low- and high-socioeconomic status groups
Creators: name: Sainz, Mario
name: Martínez, Rocío
name: Matamoros-Lima, Juan
name: Moya, Miguel
name: Rodríguez-Bailón, Rosa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: In this paper, we analyze the influence of the perceived level of economic inequality in daily life on people’s recognition of the perceived humanity gap between low- and high-socioeconomic groups within society. To achieve this purpose, in Studies 1A–B, we analyzed the relationship between economic inequality and the humanity gap. In Studies 2A–B, we manipulated the level of inequality (low vs. high) to identify differences in the humanity gap. Results indicated that higher perceptions of economic inequality lead individuals to recognize a wider humanity gap between low- and high-socioeconomic groups in society. Implications are discussed.
Open Data: The Role of Persistent Identifier (PIDs) in Building a Trusted and Open Research Infrastructure in MENA
Creators: name: Mostafa, Mohamad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Open Research Data started to gain more attention over the last decade. It plays an important role in advancing research and ensuring reproducibility. Persistent identifiers (PIDs) and their associated metadata can help researchers and institutions share their work with the community and retain their credit as well. Moreover, PIDs can ensure that all research outputs and resources are connected so that their reuse can advance knowledge across disciplines, now and in the future. The UNESCO recommendation on Open Science has considered making research data open is an important pillar in the transition journey towards Open Science. DataCite has recently launched a Global Access Program (GAP) to support equitable access to PID infrastructure services, to allow researchers and research organizations globally to benefit from identifiers and metadata. Currently we are working with the regional communities across the MENA region to raise the awareness about PIDs and foster their adoption to accelerate the transition towards an open and robust research infrastructure. 
This presentation has been delivered during FORM 2023 event in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence of pharmacological and non-pharmacological coping mechanisms for anxiety management during the COVID-19 pandemic: investigating the transition to online learning among medical students
Creators: name: Almarri, Firas K.
name: Alaseem, Ali M.
name: Alanazi, Muteb S.
name: Alyahya, Salman I.
name: Alsanad, Naif H.
name: Alswayed, Khalid E.
name: Alanazi, Jowaher S.
name: Alharby, Tareq N.
name: Alghamdi, Saleh A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1 Supplementary Table 1. Names of all 38 medical colleges (government and private) across all regions of Saudi Arabia and the number of students who participated in the study from each university (N = 7116). Supplementary Fig. 1. The effects of online learning on medication usage reported by 868 medical students across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Supplementary Table 2. Baseline characteristics and patterns of medication usage among 868 medical students across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Supplementary Material from Rewilding soil-disturbing vertebrates to rehabilitate degraded landscapes: benefits and risks
Creators: name: Eldridge, David J.
name: Soliveres, Santiago
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Soil-disturbing animals are common globally and play important roles in creating and maintaining healthy functional soils and landscapes. Yet many of these animals are threatened or locally extinct due to habitat loss, predation by non-native animals or poaching and poisoning. Some reintroduction and rewilding programmes have as their core aims to increase animal populations and reinstate processes that have been lost due to their extirpation. Here we use a meta-analytical approach to review the effects of soil-disturbing vertebrates on ecosystem processes, and advance the argument that they can be used to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems by altering mainly composition and function, but with fewer positive effects on structure. We describe four examples where the loss or reintroduction of soil-disturbing vertebrates leads to ecosystem state changes and highlight the role of spatial scale, covarying management changes, and species co-occurrence in modulating their effects. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using soil-disturbing vertebrates over mechanized engineering approaches such as pitting and furrowing, considering some advantages to include more self-sustainable and heterogeneous disturbances, creation of new habitats and added recreational values. Finally, we identify key knowledge gaps in our understanding of the use of soil-disturbing vertebrates for rehabilitating degraded ecosystems.
Mutations in PIEZO2 Cause Gordon Syndrome, Marden-Walker Syndrome, and Distal Arthrogryposis Type 5
Creators: name: Hurst, Jane A.
name: Fryer, Alan
name: Devriendt, Koenraad
name: Scott, Richard H.
name: Leroy, Jules G.
name: Krapels, Ingrid P.C.
name: Aracena, Mariana I.
name: Plant, Gordon T.
name: Gildersleeve, Heidi I.S.
name: Everman, David B.
name: Curry, Cynthia J.
name: Buckingham, Kati J.
name: Aylsworth, Arthur S.
name: Giovannucci Uzielli, Maria Luisa
name: Chong, Jessica X.
name: McMillin, Margaret J.
name: Seaver, Laurie H.
name: Beck, Anita E.
name: Clericuzio, Carol L.
name: Heidenreich, Randall A.
name: Crow, Yanick J.
name: Shively, Kathryn M.
name: Hecht, Jacqueline T.
name: Hall, Judith G.
name: Carey, John C.
name: Gibson, Kate
name: Mowat, David
name: Schorry, Elizabeth K.
name: Graham, John M.
name: Bitoun, Pierre
name: Robertson, Stephen P.
name: Irani, Sarosh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Gordon syndrome (GS), or distal arthrogryposis type 3, is a rare, autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by cleft palate and congenital contractures of the hands and feet. Exome sequencing of five GS-affected families identified mutations in piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 2 (PIEZO2) in each family. Sanger sequencing revealed PIEZO2 mutations in five of seven additional families studied (for a total of 10/12 [83%] individuals), and nine families had an identical c.8057G>A (p.Arg2686His) mutation. The phenotype of GS overlaps with distal arthrogryposis type 5 (DA5) and Marden-Walker syndrome (MWS). Using molecular inversion probes for targeted sequencing to screen PIEZO2, we found mutations in 24/29 (82%) DA5-affected families and one of two MWS-affected families. The presence of cleft palate was significantly associated with c.8057G>A (Fisher’s exact test, adjusted p value < 0.0001). Collectively, although GS, DA5, and MWS have traditionally been considered separate disorders, our findings indicate that they are etiologically related and perhaps represent variable expressivity of the same condition.
The far-infrared/radio correlation and radio spectral index of galaxies in the SFR-M* plane up to z 2
Creators: name: Magnelli, B.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Valtchanov, I.
name: Farrah, D.
name: Berta, S.
name: Bertoldi, F.
name: Bock, J.
name: Cooray, A.
name: Ibar, E.
name: Karim, A.
name: Floc'h, E. Le
name: Nordon, R.
name: Oliver, S. J.
name: Page, M.
name: Popesso, P.
name: Pozzi, F.
name: Rigopoulou, D.
name: Riguccini, L.
name: Rodighiero, G.
name: Rosario, D.
name: Roseboom, I.
name: Wang, L.
name: Wuyts, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We study the evolution of the radio spectral index and far-infrared/radio correlation (FRC) across the star-formation rate-stellar masse (i.e. SFR-M*) plane up to z 2. We start from a M*-selected sample of galaxies with reliable SFR and redshift estimates. We then grid the SFR-M* plane in several redshift ranges and measure the infrared luminosity, radio luminosity, radio spectral index, and ultimately the FRC index (i.e. qFIR) of each SFR-M*-z bin. The infrared luminosities of our SFR-M*-z bins are estimated using their stacked far-infrared flux densities inferred from observations obtained with Herschel. Their radio luminosities and radio spectral indices (i.e. alpha, where Snu nu^-alpha) are estimated using their stacked 1.4GHz and 610MHz flux densities from the VLA and GMRT, respectively. Our far-infrared and radio observations include the most widely studied blank extragalactic fields -GOODS-N/S, ECDFS, and COSMOS- covering a sky area of 2deg^2. Using this methodology, we constrain the radio spectral index and FRC index of star-forming galaxies with M*>10^10Msun and 0
description: Accepted for publication in A&A; 18 pages, 10 figures
Paracentesis Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With Cirrhosis and Ascites
Creators: name: Bataller, Ramon
name: Orman, Eric S.
name: Barritt, A. Sidney
name: Hayashi, Paul H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Diagnostic paracentesis is recommended for patients with cirrhosis admitted to the hospital for ascites or encephalopathy. However, it is not known if clinicians in the United States adhere to this recommendation; a relationship between paracentesis and clinical outcome has not been reported. We analyzed a US database to determine the frequency of paracentesis and its association with mortality.
Resting heart rate predicts cardiac autonomic modulation during passive head-up tilt in subjects without cardiovascular diseases
Creators: name: Koskela, Jenni K.
name: Tahvanainen, Anna
name: Tikkakoski, Antti J.
name: Kangas, Pauliina
name: Uitto, Marko
name: Viik, Jari
name: Kähönen, Mika
name: Mustonen, Jukka
name: Pörsti, Ilkka
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Background Resting heart rate (HR) and its variability (HRV) reflects the cardiac sympathovagal balance that is stimulated by head-up tilting. HRV is influenced by the level of HR, but how much HRV offers additional information about cardiac autonomic tone than HR alone remains unresolved. We examined the relation of resting HR with HRV during head-up tilt. Methods. Hemodynamics of 569 subjects without known cardiovascular diseases and medications with direct cardiovascular effects were recorded using whole-body impedance cardiography, radial pulse wave analysis, and electrocardiography-based HRV analysis during passive head-up tilt. Results. Higher low frequency to the high-frequency ratio (LF/HF) of HRV (reflecting sympathovagal balance) was associated with higher HR in supine (p < .05, both linear regression analysis and variance analysis comparing HR tertiles) and upright postures (p < .001, linear regression analysis). The association of HR with HRV during tilt-testing remained significant when the HR dependence of HRV was mathematically weakened by dividing the HRV power spectra with the fourth power of the average RR-interval. Conclusion. Higher resting HR is related to higher LF/HF both supine and upright, reflecting elevated sympathetic influence on cardiac autonomic modulation. Lower resting HR is associated with lower resting LF/HF, while the differences in LF/HF between the HR tertiles were minor during head-up tilt, suggesting a greater change in cardiac sympathovagal balance in response to upright posture in those with lowest resting HR. Altogether, resting HR well predicts HRV levels during head-up tilt. Trial registration: Clinicaltrialsregister.eu 2006-002065-39, first registered 5 May 2006. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01742702, first registered 5 December 2012.
REPOSITIONING ELEMENTARY SOCIAL STUDIES IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS: THE CHILDREN THEATRE APPROACH
Creators: name: UCHE EMOEFE KEN EKIUGBO
name: MERCY ADESOLA FASIKU
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Children theatre approach, Social studies education, Methodology, Play and outdoor activities

description: Abstract
The general purpose of this study was to carry out an experiment on how play which is generally regarded as children theatre approach could be used as instructional tool to reposition the teaching of social studies in elementary schools. The role of play in providing opportunities for the expression of creativity imagination, self-confidence, and self-efficacy and for the development of physical, social, cognitive and emotional strength and skills, conforms with the objectives of social studies education in Nigerian schools. Infact an objective of social studies education at the elementary school level is for children to explore and experience the world around them, experiment with new ideas ,roles and experiences and in so doing learn to better understand and construct their own social position within the world and thus become responsible citizens in the future. The right of every child today in Nigeria is challenged by forces including unconducive environment, violence, insecurity, limited resources, child labour and exploitation practices which stand at variance with what social studies stand for. It is believed that this study would be of benefit to all the stakeholders, teachers and pupils in Nigerian social studies classroom. Attempt was made to review the place of play for the overall development of the child with a view to suggesting ways of improving the quality for teaching and learning of social studies. Quasi experimental design with pre and post test, non randomized and non-equivalent test was adopted for data collection. Two schools were purposely sampled. The samples was categorized into one experimental and one control in different schools of twenty pupils each. Data collected were analyzed using the percentage, mean, standard deviation and analysis of co variance (ANCOVA) to test the three formulated hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that the academic performances in Social studies was low before treatment (28.79) but higher after treatment (71.74) irrespective of gender. The paper recommends that teachers of Social studies at the elementary schools should be complaint with the modern trend recognizing the pupils' factors as the starting point for teaching and curriculum implementations. Teachers should modify their methodology to accommodate the role of play which despite the proved benefits derived from engaging in it has been remarkably reduced for some children. Recommendations is made on how play should be infused in childrens' lives by creating the optimal developmental milieu.
Josephson parametric phase-locked oscillator and its application to dispersive readout of superconducting qubits
Creators: name: Lin, Z. R.
name: Inomata, K.
name: Koshino, K.
name: Oliver, W. D.
name: Nakamura, Y.
name: Tsai, J. S.
name: Yamamoto, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The parametric phase-locked oscillator (PPLO), also known as a parametron, is a resonant circuit in which one of the reactances is periodically modulated. It can detect, amplify, and store binary digital signals in the form of two distinct phases of self-oscillation. Indeed, digital computers using PPLOs based on a magnetic ferrite ring or a varactor diode as its fundamental logic element were successfully operated in 1950s and 1960s. More recently, basic bit operations have been demonstrated in an electromechanical resonator, and an Ising machine based on optical PPLOs has been proposed. Here, using a PPLO realized with Josephson-junction circuitry, we demonstrate the demodulation of a microwave signal digitally modulated by binary phase-shift keying. Moreover, we apply this demodulation capability to the dispersive readout of a superconducting qubit. This readout scheme enables a fast and latching-type readout, yet requires only a small number of readout photons in the resonator to which the qubit is coupled, thus featuring the combined advantages of several disparate schemes. We have achieved high-fidelity, single-shot, and non-destructive qubit readout with Rabi-oscillation contrast exceeding 90%, limited primarily by the qubit's energy relaxation.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, including supplementary material
Additional file 1 of Gravidity and malaria trends interact to modify P. falciparum densities and detectability in pregnancy: a 3-year prospective multi-site observational study
Creators: name: Matambisso, Glória
name: Brokhattingen, Nanna
name: Maculuve, Sónia
name: Cisteró, Pau
name: Mbeve, Henriques
name: Escoda, Anna
name: Miguel, Judice
name: Buetas, Elena
name: de Jong, Ianthe
name: Cuna, Boaventura
name: Melembe, Cardoso
name: Ndimande, Nelo
name: Porras, Gemma
name: Chen, Haily
name: Tetteh, Kevin K. A.
name: Drakeley, Chris
name: Gamain, Benoit
name: Chitnis, Chetan
name: Chauhan, Virander
name: Quintó, Llorenç
name: Galatas, Beatriz
name: Macete, Eusébio
name: Mayor, Alfredo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Map of Manhiça and Magude District in southern Mozambique where the study was conducted. Fig. S2: Performance of the qPCRs and quantitative suspension array assays along with the different experiments. Fig. S3. Study profile. Fig. S4. Genetic complexity of the infections by study area and period. Fig. S5. Antibody levels by studied factors.
Pediatric Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders: Advances in imaging and computational modeling.
Creators: name: Davidson Ward, Sally L.
name: Superfine, Richard
name: Chen, Zhongping
name: Amin, Raouf
name: Khoo, Michael C.K.
name: Gutmark, Ephraim
name: Wong, Brian
name: Arens, Raanan
name: Davis, Stephanie
name: Zdanski, Carlton
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: We understand now that sleep of sufficient length and quality is required for good health. This is particularly true for infants and children, who have the added physiologic task of growth and development, as compared to their adult counterparts. Sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs) are common in childhood and if unrecognized and not treated can result in significant morbidity. For example, c...
Using computational modeling to assess the impact of clinical decision support on cancer screening improvement strategies within the community health centers
Creators: name: Morgan, Geoffrey P.
name: Carney, Timothy Jay
name: Haggstrom, David A.
name: Jones, Josette
name: McDaniel, Anna M.
name: Weiner, Bryan
name: Weaver, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Our conceptual model demonstrates our goal to investigate the impact of clinical decision support (CDS) utilization on cancer screening improvement strategies in the community health care (CHC) setting. We employed a dual modeling technique using both statistical and computational modeling to evaluate impact. Our statistical model used the Spearman's Rho test to evaluate the strength of relationship between our proximal outcome measures (CDS utilization) against our distal outcome measure (provider self-reported cancer screening improvement). Our computational model relied on network evolution theory and made use of a tool called Construct-TM to model the use of CDS measured by the rate of organizational learning. We employed the use of previously collected survey data from community health centers Cancer Health Disparities Collaborative (HDCC). Our intent is to demonstrate the added valued gained by using a computational modeling tool in conjunction with a statistical analysis when evaluating the impact a health information technology, in the form of CDS, on health care quality process outcomes such as facility-level screening improvement. Significant simulated disparities in organizational learning over time were observed between community health centers beginning the simulation with high and low clinical decision support capability.
Clinical and Histologic Features of Azithromycin-Induced Liver Injury
Creators: name: Hoofnagle, Jay H.
name: Stolz, Andrew
name: Martinez, Melissa A.
name: Chalasani, Naga
name: Vuppalanchi, Raj
name: Gu, Jiezhun
name: Hayashi, Paul H.
name: Fontana, Robert J.
name: Kleiner, David E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Rare cases of azithromycin-induced hepatotoxicity have been reported, with variable clinical and histological features. We characterized clinical features and outcomes of azithromycin-induced liver injury.
Nonmodal growth of the magnetorotational instability
Creators: name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Bhattacharjee, Amitava
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the linear growth of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in the short time limit using nonmodal methods. Our findings are quite different to standard results, illustrating that shearing wave energy can grow at the maximum MRI rate, $-dΩ/d \ln r,$ for any choice of azimuthal and vertical wavelengths. In addition, by comparing the growth of shearing waves with static structures, we show that over short time-scales shearing waves will always be dynamically more important than static structures in the ideal limit. By demonstrating that fast linear growth is possible at all wavelengths, these results suggest that nonmodal linear physics could play a fundamental role in MRI turbulence.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
“…what tribe should we call him?” The Indian Diaspora, the State and the Nation in Tanzania since ca. 1850
Creators: name: Burton, Eric
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2013

description: Based on a historical survey, this essay sketches the relationship between successive states in Tanzania and their subjects of Indian origin. Issues of class differences have frequently been racialised, presenting the concentration of profits in the hands of certain groups as a matter of origin and culture rather than a peculiar economy. As Indians took a special position as a so‐ called middleman minority until independence, discussions frequently highlighted this particular group and constructed it in a particular way. In line with different interests of the colonial state(s) and the post‐colonial state, representations of Indians were formulated in narrow terms while also being influenced by popular discourses and pressure groups. On the other hand, Indians in Tanzania have always been a highly diverse group that could hardly be called a community, especially with many axes of difference being remarkably enduring. A common diasporic identity as Indians became meaningful only during times of threat and rising South Asian nationalism.
Nucleon and $Δ$ elastic and transition form factors
Creators: name: Segovia, Jorge
name: Cloet, Ian C.
name: Roberts, Craig D.
name: Schmidt, Sebastian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute nucleon and Delta elastic and transition form factors, and compare predictions made using a framework built upon a Faddeev equation kernel and interaction vertices that possess QCD-like momentum dependence with results obtained using a vector-vector contact-interaction. The comparison emphasises that experiment is sensitive to the momentum dependence of the running couplings and masses in the strong interaction sector of the Standard Model and highlights that the key to describing hadron properties is a veracious expression of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking in the bound-state problem. Amongst the results we describe, the following are of particular interest: $G_E^p(Q^2)/G_M^p(Q^2)$ possesses a zero at $Q^2=9.5GeV^2$; any change in the interaction which shifts a zero in the proton ratio to larger $Q^2$ relocates a zero in $G_E^n(Q^2)/G_M^n(Q^2)$ to smaller $Q^2$; and there is likely a value of momentum transfer above which $G_E^n>G_E^p$. Regarding the $Δ(1232)$-baryon, we find that, inter alia: the electric monopole form factor exhibits a zero; the electric quadrupole form factor is negative, large in magnitude, and sensitive to the nature and strength of correlations in the $Δ(1232)$ Faddeev amplitude; and the magnetic octupole form factor is negative so long as rest-frame P- and D-wave correlations are included. In connection with the N-to-Delta transition, the momentum-dependence of the magnetic transition form factor, $G_M^\ast$, matches that of $G_M^n$ once the momentum transfer is high enough to pierce the meson-cloud; and the electric quadrupole ratio is a keen measure of diquark and orbital angular momentum correlations.
description: 39 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication in Few Body Systems. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1308.5225, arXiv:0812.0416, arXiv:0804.3118
The Colonial Public Sphere in Nigeria, 1920‐1943
Creators: name: Oke, Katharina
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2013

description: The article turns to colonial and local imaginations of public criticism, public communication and public opinion in colonial Nigeria. Thereby, it focusses on the Lagosian English‐language press and colonial archival documents. The aim is to provide insight into the political terrain, to map power structures and contestations of colonial power directly related to colonial hegemony, the media, and the public sphere. The paper argues that both, the colonial state and local politicians engaged in debates about the form, substance and purpose of the public sphere. At stake was who was entitled to voice public criticism and how to alter and contest colonial rule.
Emergency medical services knowledge and attitudes about non-heart-beating donors: Effect of an educational intervention
Creators: name: Giza, Mallory
name: Espey Weber, Rachel
name: Egan, Thomas M.
name: Fingerhut, David
name: Noone, Peadar G.
name: Ebneter, Daria
name: Burker, Eileen J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: More than 750,000 people die of sudden death each year, and many are potential non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) for lung transplant. Although critical, the role of emergency medical services (EMS) personnel in assisting with recovery of NHBD lungs has not been studied. The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge of and attitudes about NHBDs among EMS personnel, evaluate the extent to which knowledge and personal experience with organ donation is associated with attitude, and ascertain the effectiveness of an intervention designed to teach EMS professionals about NHBDs.
Hybrid type II and frozen elephant trunk in acute Stanford type A aortic dissections
Creators: name: Sule, Jai
name: Chua, Cher Rui
name: Teo, Caven
name: Choong, Andrew
name: Sazzad, Faizus
name: Kofidis, Theo
name: Sorokin, Vitaly
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Objectives. Composite frozen elephant trunk is an increasingly popular solution for complex aortic pathologies. This review aims to compare outcomes of zone 0 type II hybrid (hybrid II) with the composite frozen elephant trunk (FET) technique in managing acute Stanford type A aortic dissections. Methods. PubMed and Embase were systematically searched using PRISMA protocol. 11 relevant studies describing the outcomes of hybrid II arch repair and FET techniques in patients with type A aortic dissection were included in the meta-analysis. The study focused on early post-operative 30-day outcomes analysing mortality, stroke, spinal cord injury, renal impairment requiring dialysis, bleeding and lung infection. Results. 1305 patients were included in the analysis – 343 receiving hybrid II repair and 962 treated with the FET. Meta-analysis of proportions showed Hybrid II was associated with less early mortality [5.0 (CI 3.1–7.8) vs 8.1 (CI 6.5–10.0) %], stroke [2.3 (CI 1.1–4.6) vs 7.0 (CI 5.5–8.8) %], spinal cord injury [2.0 (CI 0.9–4.3) vs 3.8 (CI 2.8–5.3) %], renal impairment requiring dialysis [7.9 (CI 5.5–11.2) vs 11.8 (CI 9.8–14.0) %], reoperation for bleeding [3.9 (CI 1.8–8.4) vs 10.6 (CI 8.1–13.8) %] and lung infection [14.8 (CI 10.8–20.0) vs 20.7 (CI 16.9–25.1) %]. Conclusion. Hybrid II should be considered in favour of FET technique in acute Stanford type A dissection patients who are at higher risk due to age and comorbidities.
Additional file 2 of Gravidity and malaria trends interact to modify P. falciparum densities and detectability in pregnancy: a 3-year prospective multi-site observational study
Creators: name: Matambisso, Glória
name: Brokhattingen, Nanna
name: Maculuve, Sónia
name: Cisteró, Pau
name: Mbeve, Henriques
name: Escoda, Anna
name: Miguel, Judice
name: Buetas, Elena
name: de Jong, Ianthe
name: Cuna, Boaventura
name: Melembe, Cardoso
name: Ndimande, Nelo
name: Porras, Gemma
name: Chen, Haily
name: Tetteh, Kevin K. A.
name: Drakeley, Chris
name: Gamain, Benoit
name: Chitnis, Chetan
name: Chauhan, Virander
name: Quintó, Llorenç
name: Galatas, Beatriz
name: Macete, Eusébio
name: Mayor, Alfredo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Supplementary methods (Quantitative suspension array assay).
Antirassismus und Antikolonialismus unter afrikanischen Intellektuellen, 1850 bis 1970: Ideengeschichtliche Anmerkungen
Creators: name: Sonderegger, Arno
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2013

description: Die Geschichte Afrikas zwischen 1850 und 1970 ist durch vielfältige Erfahrungen kolonialer Fremdbestimmung geprägt. Dementsprechend spielt die Reflexion von Antirassismus und Antikolonialismus in den Werken afrikanischer Intellektueller eine bedeutende Rolle. Dabei weisen ihre Positionen originelle Besonderheiten auf, es kann aber gleichzeitig eine überschaubare Zahl an Grundsatzpositionen herausgearbeitet werden, die ihrem antirassistischen und antikolonialen Denken zugrunde liegen. Solche Grundsatzpositionen und Überlegungen werden im Rahmen dieses Aufsatzes kenntlich gemacht und kritisch diskutiert.
Osteocyte specific responses to soluble and mechanical stimuli in a stem cell derived culture model
Creators: name: Uzer, Gunes
name: Xie, Zhihui
name: Rubin, Janet
name: Yen, Sherwin S.
name: Thompson, William R.
name: Sen, Buer
name: Brobst, Kaitlyn E.
name: Styner, Maya
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Studying osteocyte behavior in culture has proven difficult because these embedded cells require spatially coordinated interactions with the matrix and surrounding cells to achieve the osteocyte phenotype. Using an easily attainable source of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, we generated cells with the osteocyte phenotype within two weeks. These “stem cell derived-osteocytes” (SCD-O) displayed stellate morphology and lacunocanalicular ultrastructure. Osteocytic genes Sost, Dmp1, E11, and Fgf23 were maximally expressed at 15 days and responded to PTH and 1,25(OH)2D3. Production of sclerostin mRNA and protein, within 15 days of culture makes the SCD-O model ideal for elucidating regulatory mechanisms. We found sclerostin to be regulated by mechanical factors, where low intensity vibration significantly reduced Sost expression. Additionally, this model recapitulates sclerostin production in response to osteoactive hormones, as PTH or LIV repressed secretion of sclerostin, significantly impacting Wnt-mediated Axin2 expression, via β-catenin signaling. In summary, SCD-O cells produce abundant matrix, rapidly attain the osteocyte phenotype, and secrete functional factors including sclerostin under non-immortalized conditions. This culture model enables ex vivo observations of osteocyte behavior while preserving an organ-like environment. Furthermore, as marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells can be obtained from transgenic animals; our model enables study of genetic control of osteocyte behaviors.
Predicting Liver Transplant Capacity Using Discrete Event Simulation
Creators: name: Wheeler, Stephanie B.
name: Mayorga, Maria E.
name: Orman, Eric S.
name: Barritt, A. Sidney
name: Toro-Díaz, Hector
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The number of liver transplants (LTs) performed in the US increased until 2006, but has since declined despite an ongoing increase in demand. This decline may be due in part to decreased donor liver quality and increasing discard of poor quality livers. We constructed a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) model informed by current donor characteristics to predict future LT trends through the year 2030. The data source for our model is the United Network for Organ Sharing database, which contains patient level information on all organ transplants performed in the US. Previous analysis showed that liver discard is increasing and that discarded organs are more often from donors who are older, obese, have diabetes, and donated after cardiac death. Given that the prevalence of these factors is increasing, the DES model quantifies the reduction in the number of LTs performed through 2030. In addition, the model estimates the total number of future donors needed to maintain the current volume of LTs, and the effect of a hypothetical scenario of improved reperfusion technology. We also forecast the number of patients on the waiting list and compare this to the estimated number of LTs to illustrate the impact that decreased LTs will have on patients needing transplants. By altering assumptions about the future donor pool, this model can be used to develop policy interventions to prevent a further decline in this life saving therapy. To our knowledge, there are no similar predictive models of future LT use based on epidemiologic trends.