The threat of another tragedy: Drug-resistant TB and COVID-19, a Scoping review.
Creators: name: Matheus Gabriel De Melo Sérgio
name: Thamires Carraro Gatto
name: Carasek, Vinicius Paglione
name: Yamamura, Mellina
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Respiratory Tract Diseases
subject: Diseases
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Virus Diseases
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The COVID-19 pandemic rapidly affected the entire world population, exerting a great burden on health institutions and healthcare providers worldwide, mainly due to the ease of transmission of this virus. Globally, the number of confirmed cases exceeds 108,579,000, and deaths are close to 2,396,000, the countries most affected are the United States, India and Brazil, respectively (WHO, 2021). In order to contain the spread of the disease, several institutions, including the World Health Organization (WHO), began to reinforce the importance of using non-pharmacological preventive measures to fight the coronavirus. These recommendations include hand hygiene, the use of cloth masks and social distancing (OLIVEIRA et al., 2020). Despite awareness of the issue, factors such as social inequality make the implementation of preventive measures unfeasible, increasing vulnerability to the disease (BARRETO et al., 2020). A similar situation occurs with tuberculosis (TB), as it is also present in less favored socioeconomic contexts, with research showing that these populations are up to 56 times more likely to be contaminated with the disease (BRASIL, 2019). Many other indicators also show that TB is one of the most predominant chronic communicable diseases in populations most affected by inequalities (BARROS, 2006). In 2019, approximately 10 million new cases of the disease were reported worldwide (WHO, 2020). Among the TB variants, drug-resistant TB is the most complicated to treat, as it involves resistance to rifampicin (RR-TB), resistance to any other tuberculostatic treatment and also multidrug-resistant TB, which is defined as resistance to at least rifampicin and isoniazid (WHO, 2020). There are other difficulties involved in its treatment, such as the cost of medicines, since the treatment of Drug-resistant TB can cost up to six times more than conventional treatment (ARROYO et al, 2020). In 2020, approximately 500,000 new cases of TB with rifampicin resistance were registered, of which 390,000 were multidrug resistant (WHO, 2020). The declaration of COVID-19 as a worldwide public health emergency (PAHO, 2020) appears in the current scenario, which highlights the issues already experienced with drug-resistant TB, since COVID-19 and drug-resistant TB aggravate each other (CHEN et al., 2020b). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to pay attention to any signs that may indicate that certain patients may be developing both diseases (BATTEGAY et al., 2020). Accordingly, the aim of this project is to gather information in order to facilitate access to and comprehension of the scientific evidence related to these diseases and their correlation, as well as to contribute to planning actions for the control of these diseases that are of such concern to humanity. REFERÊNCIAS: ARROYO, Luiz Henrique et al. 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