cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ОЗИМОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ ПОСЛЕ КУКУРУЗЫ НА ЗЕЛЁНЫЙ КОРМ В ЗЕРНОВЫХ СЕВООБОРОТАХ С ЧИСТЫМ И ЗАНЯТЫМ ПАРОМ
Creators: name: Морозов,  Николай Александрович
name: Хрипунов,  Александр Иванович
Publisher: name: ФГБНУ "Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр"
Year: 2019

description: Цель исследования – изучение влияния различных звеньев севооборота на урожайность озимой пшеницы по предшественнику кукуруза на зелёный корм. Исследование проведено в засушливой зоне Ставропольского края в двух шестипольных зерновых севооборотах, различающихся чистым и занятым паром, в 2012–2017 гг.
Озимая пшеница высевалась в оптимальные сроки с 1 по 10 октября. Результаты исследования показали, что два севооборота, различающиеся только наличием чистого и занятого пара, по-разному влияют на урожайность озимой пшеницы и эффективность использования минеральных удобрений по предшественнику кукуруза на зелёный корм. Максимальная урожайность озимой пшеницы в севооборотах как с чистым, так и с занятым паром получена в 2015 г., а минимальная – в 2013 г. В среднем за 6 лет исследования, или полную ротацию севооборотов, урожайность озимой пшеницы в севообороте с занятым паром была почти такая же, как в севообороте с чистым паром на удобренном фоне. Т.е. возделывание занятого пара (эспарцета на зелёный корм) позволяет не только дополнительно получить продукцию, обогащая почву корневыми остатками, но и значительно снизить применение минеральных удобрений в зерновых севооборотах засушливой зоны.
Using analytics to support a utility's initial response to the COVID-19 pandemic amid an uncertain evidence base
Creators: name: Schlegelmilch, Jeffrey
name: Paaso, Aleksi
name: Ratner, Jacqueline J.
name: Saxena, Gunjan
name: White, Zackery
name: Aguilar, Susanna
name: Kushner, Daniel
name: Matevosyan, Norayr
name: Ortega, Jaime
name: Bahramirad, Shay
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)--Data processing
Decision support systems--Data processing
Emergency management--Decision making
Decision making--Mathematical models
Electric utilities
Absenteeism (Labor)
Epidemics

description: Energy utilities play a critical role in fostering disaster resilience. Much of the world is increasingly dependent on the availability and reliability of safe and efficient energy. In addition to its importance for industrial, commercial and household functionality, energy provision is increasingly significant in determining health and equity outcomes during a disaster. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, issues of workforce protection and absenteeism are critical for public safety as well as for the continuity of operations for utilities and the businesses that rely upon them. However, COVID-19, and pandemics generally, have rapidly evolving and imperfect evidence available to support rapid and real-time decision making. This article reflects the initial setup and operations of frameworks utilising analytics to support decision making from March through July 2020 for a major US electric utility. These initial strategies have enhanced decision making and provided a foundation for additional integration of the evidence base and use of analytics for anticipated decision support in the coming phases of the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as for future pandemics of unknown aetiology.
title: Братья Иоанникий и Софроний Лихуды — создатели системы среднего и высшего образования в России
Creators: name: Григорьева, Инна
name: Салоников, Николай
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: В статье дана характеристика преподавательской и научной деятельности братьев Иоанникия и Софрония Лихудов в России в конце XVII — начале XVIII века. Братья Лихуды, выпускники Падуанского университета и создатели Московской Славяно-греко-латинской академии и Новгородской архиерейской школы, воплотили в России европейскую образовательную модель, основанную на изучении дисциплин семи свободных искусств. Учебный план, созданных ими школ, представлял собой модификацию учебного плана артистического факультета европейского университета. При этом Лихудам удалось гармонично соединить европейские формы обучения с традиционными ценностями древнерусской культуры, реализовав в России идеал христианской образовательной модели. Труды Лихудов по дисциплинам тривиума (грамматика, риторика и диалектика) оказали большое влияние на развитие русской культуры петровского времени.
Non determinism through type isomorphism
Creators: name: Díaz-Caro, Alejandro
name: Dowek, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We define an equivalence relation on propositions and a proof system where equivalent propositions have the same proofs. The system obtained this way resembles several known non-deterministic and algebraic lambda-calculi.
description: In Proceedings LSFA 2012, arXiv:1303.7136
Perceptual and acoustic effects of dual-focus speech treatment in children with dysarthria
Creators: name: Levy, Erika S.
name: Chang, Younghwa Michelle
name: Hwang, Kyung Hae
name: McAuliffe, Megan J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Articulation disorders in children
Articulation disorders in children--Treatment
Cerebral palsy
Speech therapy

description: Purpose: Children with dysarthria secondary to cerebral palsy (CP) may experience reduced speech intelligibility and diminished communicative participation. However, minimal research has been conducted examining the outcomes of behavioral speech treatments in this population. This study examined the effect of Speech Intelligibility Treatment (SIT), a dual-focus speech treatment targeting increased articulatory excursion and vocal intensity, on intelligibility of narrative speech, speech acoustics, and communicative participation in children with dysarthria. Method: American-English speaking children with dysarthria (n = 17) received SIT in a three-week summer camp-like setting at Columbia University. SIT follows motor-learning principles to train the child-friendly, dual-focus strategy, “Speak with your big mouth and strong voice.” Children produced a story narrative at baseline (BASE), immediate post-treatment (POST), and at 6-week follow-up (FUP). Outcomes were examined via blinded listener ratings of ease of understanding (n = 108 adult listeners), acoustic analyses, and questionnaires focused on communicative participation. Results: SIT resulted in significant increases in ease of understanding at POST, that were maintained at FUP. There were no significant changes to vocal intensity, speech rate, or vowel spectral characteristics, with the exception of an increase in second formant difference between vowels following SIT. Significantly enhanced communicative participation was evident at POST and FUP. Considerable variability in response to SIT was observed between children. Conclusion: Dual-focus treatment shows promise for improving intelligibility and communicative participation in children with dysarthria, although responses to treatment vary considerably across children. Possible mechanisms underlying the intelligibility gains, enhanced communicative participation, and variability in treatment effects are discussed.
Decoupling Can Revive Minimal Supersymmetric SU(5)
Creators: name: Hisano, Junji
name: Kobayashi, Daiki
name: Kuwahara, Takumi
name: Nagata, Natsumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit proton decay via the color-triplet Higgs multiplets in the minimal supersymmetric grand unified model with heavy sfermions. Although the model has been believed to be excluded due to the too short lifetime of proton, we have found that it is possible to evade the experimental constraints on the proton decay rate if the supersymmetric particles have masses much heavier than the electroweak scale. With such heavy sfermions, the 126GeV Higgs boson is naturally explained, while they do not spoil the gauge coupling unification and the existence of dark matter candidates. Since the resultant proton lifetime lies in the regions which may be reached in the future experiments, proton decay searches may give us a chance to verify the scenario as well as the supersymmetric grand unified models.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
OA-EASI - Open Access for Educational and Applied Sciences in Switzerland
Creators: name: Rosenkranz, Simone
name: Stricker, Marius
name: Andres, Valérie
name: Trautwein, Clemens
name: Streitenberger, Martha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Während die Umsetzung von Open Access an den Schweizer Universitäten bereits in vollem Gange ist, stehen viele FHs und PHs noch an den Anfängen. Die Gründe dafür sind beispielsweise die engere Verbindung von Praxis und Forschung, die geringere Grösse der Institutionen, eine sehr heterogene Publikationskultur sowie ein weniger starkes Bewusstsein für Open. Das auf ein Jahr festgelegte Projekt OA-EASI startete Anfang 2020 mit dem Ziel, Open Access im Kontext von Fachhochschulen und Pädagogischen Hochschulen zu fördern. Mit einer Bestandsaufnahme der Publikationen an den Schweizer Fachhochschulen und an den Pädagogischen Hochschulen analysieren wir, wie die Publikationen über Fachorgane und Verlage verteilt sind. In welchen landessprachlichen Fachpublikationen wird neben den grossen Wissenschaftsverlagen publiziert? In einem weiteren Schritt soll mit Vertretern dieser Fachpublikationen und Verlage in Interviews evaluiert werden, was es für eine Transferierung zu Open Access braucht. Danach sollen zwei bis vier dieser lokalen und landessprachlichen Fachpublikationen ausgewählt und zu Open Access transferiert werden. Nach einer Präsentation der vorläufigen Ergebnisse der Publikationsanalyse und der Experteninterviews diskutieren wir ein mögliches weiteres Vorgehen: So könnte das Projekt eine Grundlage für die kommende Umsetzung von Open Access und Open Science an den Schweizer Fachhochschulen und an den pädagogischen Hochschulen sein. Denkbar ist hierbei der Aufbau eines Unterstützungsangebotes von Open Access-Neugründungen oder eine möglichst flächendeckende Transferierung der landessprachlichen Fachpublikationen hin zu Open Access.
title: Русский текст в новейшей итальянской литературе
Creators: name: Де Микелес, Чезаре Дж.
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Статья посвящена вопросу о русском «тексте» в итальянской литературе. Анализ текстов определяется периодом последних семидесяти лет (с конца второй мировой войны). При этом прослеживаются исторические события в России, которые нашли отражение в итальянской литературе. Выявляются различные аспекты бытования русского текста в итальянской литературе: «миф о России» и «миф о СССР», в которых присутствует порой политическая подоплека, русский хронотоп, разворачивающийся в романах о «русской земле», и «литература о литературе», когда в течение несколько лет был создан целый ряд выдающихся произведений в разных жанрах.
title: «Русский диссидент» Джузеппе Джоакино Белли
Creators: name: Солонович, Евгений
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Статья посвящена той части творчества итальянского поэта Джузеппе Джоакино Белли (1791—1863), содержание которой позволяет говорить о сходстве отдельных  эпизодов из жизни Папского Рима с эпизодами из жизни далекой от Рима страны — современной России.
Speech Treatment Effects on Narrative Intelligibility in French-Speaking Children with Dysarthria.
Creators: name: Moya-Galé, Gemma
name: Keller, Bryan Sean
name: Escorial, Sergio
name: Levy, Erika S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Articulation disorders in children
Articulation disorders in children--Treatment
French language
Cerebral palsy
Speech therapy

description: Purpose: This study examined the effects of Speech Intelligibility Treatment (SIT) on intelligibility and naturalness of narrative speech produced by francophone children with dysarthria due to cerebral palsy (CP). Method: Ten francophone children with dysarthria were randomized to one of two treatments, Speech Intelligibility Treatment or Hand-arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities, a physical therapy (PT) treatment. Both treatments were conducted in a camp setting and were comparable in dosage. The children were recorded pre- and post-treatment producing a story narrative. Intelligibility was measured by means of 60 blinded listeners’ orthographic transcription accuracy (percentage of words transcribed correctly). The listeners also rated the children’s naturalness on a visual analogue scale. Results: A significant pre- to post-treatment increase in intelligibility was found for the SIT group, but not for the PT group, with great individual variability observed among the children. No significant changes were found for naturalness ratings or sound pressure level in the SIT group or the PT group post-treatment. Articulation rate increased in both treatment groups, although not differentially across treatments. Conclusion: Findings from this first treatment study on intelligibility in francophone children with dysarthria suggest that SIT shows promise for increasing narrative intelligibility in this population. Acoustic contributors to the increased intelligibility remain to be explored further.
title: Итальянский код новгородской культуры
Creators: name: Шмелева, Татьяна
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2019

description: Представлены факты, позволяющие говорить о том, что в культуре Великого Новгорода представлен итальянский код, под которым имеется в виду серия знаков различной природы, выражающая такой смысл, как связь с Италией, отсылка к ее языку и культуре. К визуальным знакам этого кода относятся Антониев монастырь, изображения Антония Римлянина на фресках собора Рождества Богородицы и иконах, облик кремля, который напоминает итальянские кастелло. К словесным знакам итальянского кода относятся фрагменты текстов церковной литературы (житие, акафист), современная научная и популярная литература о монастыре и микрорайоне Антоново. Подключаются к этому коду и современные городские имена (Napoli, Флоренция) и итальянизмы из лексикона новгородцев, в первую очередь термин фреска.
Taking Control Using Academic SimplyE: Our Journey to an Open Reading Landscape
Creators: name: Cartolano, Robert T.
name: English, James
name: Lin, Nancy
name: Peterson, Christine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Library science
Information science
Electronic book readers
Academic libraries

description: Libraries are part of a unique moment in history which unites broad technology adoption, readily-available technical training, widespread use of the internet, and support of openness and equitable access. We have the ability to change our own future in transforming the academic reading experience. Libraries have started down the road of providing open reading environments for everyone. We believe open source initiatives like SimplyE and open standards like Open Publication Distribution System (OPDS), Open and Distance Learning (ODL), Readium and Lightweight Content Protection (LCP) will allow all involved—commercial software vendors, publishers, libraries, consortia—to innovate. In this session, we will demonstrate progress in SimplyE for the academic reading landscape, and discuss what is yet to come. We will discuss our progress with these technologies, our services and content vendors, and ask for feedback as we consider how to incorporate additional academic functionality. Come with us on this journey. Be ready to engage, question, and consider!
Formalizing the Confluence of Orthogonal Rewriting Systems
Creators: name: Oliveira, Ana Cristina Rocha
name: Ayala-Rincón, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Orthogonality is a discipline of programming that in a syntactic manner guarantees determinism of functional specifications. Essentially, orthogonality avoids, on the one side, the inherent ambiguity of non determinism, prohibiting the existence of different rules that specify the same function and that may apply simultaneously (non-ambiguity), and, on the other side, it eliminates the possibility of occurrence of repetitions of variables in the left-hand side of these rules (left linearity). In the theory of term rewriting systems (TRSs) determinism is captured by the well-known property of confluence, that basically states that whenever different computations or simplifications from a term are possible, the computed answers should coincide. Although the proofs are technically elaborated, confluence is well-known to be a consequence of orthogonality. Thus, orthogonality is an important mathematical discipline intrinsic to the specification of recursive functions that is naturally applied in functional programming and specification. Starting from a formalization of the theory of TRSs in the proof assistant PVS, this work describes how confluence of orthogonal TRSs has been formalized, based on axiomatizations of properties of rules, positions and substitutions involved in parallel steps of reduction, in this proof assistant. Proofs for some similar but restricted properties such as the property of confluence of non-ambiguous and (left and right) linear TRSs have been fully formalized.
description: In Proceedings LSFA 2012, arXiv:1303.7136
A Graph Calculus for Predicate Logic
Creators: name: Veloso, Paulo A. S.
name: Veloso, Sheila R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a refutation graph calculus for classical first-order predicate logic, which is an extension of previous ones for binary relations. One reduces logical consequence to establishing that a constructed graph has empty extension, i. e. it represents bottom. Our calculus establishes that a graph has empty extension by converting it to a normal form, which is expanded to other graphs until we can recognize conflicting situations (equivalent to a formula and its negation).
description: In Proceedings LSFA 2012, arXiv:1303.7136
Soft computing-based calibration of microplane M4 model parameters: Methodology and validation
Creators: name: Kucerova, A.
name: Leps, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Constitutive models for concrete based on the microplane concept have repeatedly proven their ability to well-reproduce its non-linear response on material as well as structural scales. The major obstacle to a routine application of this class of models is, however, the calibration of microplane-related constants from macroscopic data. The goal of this paper is two-fold: (i) to introduce the basic ingredients of a robust inverse procedure for the determination of dominant parameters of the M4 model proposed by Bazant and co-workers based on cascade Artificial Neural Networks trained by Evolutionary Algorithm and (ii) to validate the proposed methodology against a representative set of experimental data. The obtained results demonstrate that the soft computing-based method is capable of delivering the searched response with an accuracy comparable to the values obtained by expert users.
description: 24 pages, 12 figures, 14 tables, submitted to Advances in Engineering Software, corrected and extended after the first review
Practical Methods for Automated Algorithm Design in Machine Learning and Computational Biology
Creators: name: Hoang, Quang Minh
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Theoretical Computer Science

description: Configuration tuning is an essential practice to achieve good performance with many computational methods. However, configuring complex and discrete algorithms often requires significant trial-and-error effort due to a lack of automated solutions. In large-scale systems where computational tasks are numerous and constantly changing in specificity, the repetitive cost of manual tuning becomes a major bottleneck that hinders scalability. Moreover, the absence of a systematic approach to configure deployment settings makes it challenging to replicate the obtained results in different deploying conditions. To address these problems, this thesis focuses on developing new data-driven automated algorithm design (AAD) frameworks in several classical and multi-task settings. Specifically, in the classical configuration tuning setting, we address the problems of kernel selection for Bayesian methods, and minimizer construction for biological sequence sketching. In the multi-task scenario, we address the problems of privacy-preserving neural architecture search for multiple clients, and meta-learning for parameter optimization in a heterogeneous task stream. In all of these problems, the variables to be optimized often have underlying discrete structures such as trees, graphs or permutations. Our contribution is a suite of reformulation techniques that result in efficient and accurate tuning methods for these configuration domains. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of our methods on practical scenarios and show that they have significantly outperformed state-of-the-art benchmarks.
Toward sustainable aviation industry: assessing the impact of emissions from aircraft trajectories
Creators: name: A. Riccio
name: D. Di Luccio
name: E. Bucchignani
name: Barbero, D.
name: Calori, G
name: Finardi, S
name: Nanni, A
name: Pepe, N
name: Pozzi, C
name: Radice, P
name: Silibello, C.
name: Tinarelli, G
name: M. Ciaburri
name: G. Duca
name: Russo, R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Aviation is known as one of the industries that contribute to climate change and the most relevant contributor with reference to emissions at high altitude. Aviation industry’s GHGs (Greenhouse Gases) are set to continue to grow, despite technological innovation advancement in this sector, and the aviation industry is highly unlikely to achieve the carbon neutral growth within the next years and it will likely remain an important source of air pollutants. Since 1990, NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) emissions from aviation have doubled and its share has quadrupled (while emissions from other sectors like traffic or industry have been significantly reduced); in the same way, relative contribution of sulphur oxides and carbon monoxide have gone up. In 2015, it accounted for 14% of all EU transport NOx emissions and for 7% of the total EU NOx emissions. In the effort to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gases and air pollution, a lot of improvement is needed to ensure that the aviation industry reduces its carbon footprint and impact on air pollution in this fast-growing economic scenario. For these reasons, an in-depth study of the relationship between environment and aviation, focusing on all aspects of ATM (Air Traffic Management), is needed to reduce the environmental impact of flight operations. For this purpose, an advanced system for studying the impact of air quality at different spatial and temporal scales is proposed to analyze in detail the impact of emissions from the aeronautical sector, both on a local scale, e.g. in TMAs (Terminal Maneuvering Areas), and on a regional/global scale, e.g. along cruise routes beyond the planetary boundary layer and into the stratosphere. In this work, we present a complete system to assess the impact of emissions from the aviation sector, follow their fate in the atmosphere due to dispersion processes, evaluate the production of secondary pollutants (mainly ozone and particulate matter) and evaluate the effects of climatological interest (radiative effects, transport in the stratosphere). For demonstration purposes, it will be shown how these tools can be used for a detailed bottom-up analysis of airport emissions on the local scale; global emissions will be used for an analysis of the effects of the trend of emissions from the aeronautical sector.
RUÍNAS DO TEMPO
Creators: name: Pavao Santana, Jose Claudio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ano 11 – n. 55/2023 – https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8341094

Se há uma coisa que nos serve para colher conhecimentos é o

tempo. Eclesiastes sempre será uma fonte inesgotável para

esta constatação. Basta lembrar do núcleo da Palavra: Há

tempo para tudo.
SO(10) inspired gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking
Creators: name: Krauss, Manuel E.
name: Porod, Werner
name: Staub, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a supersymmetric model motivated by a SO(10) grand unified theory: the gauge sector near the supersymmetry scale consists of SU(3)_c x SU(2)_L x U(1)_R x U(1)_{B-L}. We embed this model in minimal gauge mediation and incorporate neutrino data via an inverse seesaw mechanism. Also in this restricted model, the additional D terms can rise the light Higgs mass in a sizable way. Therefore, it is much easier to obtain m_h \simeq 125 GeV without the need to push the supersymmetry spectrum to extremely large values as it happens in models with minimal supersymmetric standard model particle content only. We show that this model predicts a diphoton rate of the Higgs equal to or smaller than the standard model expectation. We discuss briefly the collider phenomenology with a particular focus on the next to lightest supersymmetric particle in which this model offers the sneutrino as an additional possiblity. Moreover, we point out that, also in this model variant, supersymmetry can be discovered in Z' decays even in scenarios in which the strongly interacting particles are too heavy to be produced at a sizable rate at the LHC with 14 TeV. In addition, we show that lepton flavor violating observables constrain the size of the neutrino Yukawa couplings for which, in particular, muon decays and μ-e conversion in heavy atoms are of particular importance. Once these constraints are fulfilled the rates for τdecays are predicted to be below the reach of near-future experiments.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures; v2: passage on Z_2 symmetry and references added. Matches version accepted for publication
RESET: A Method to Monitor Thermoremanent Alteration in Thellier-Series Paleointensity Experiments
Creators: name: Wang, Huapei
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Paleomagnetism
Thermoremanent magnetization
Geology--Methodology

description: Accurately estimating the paleomagnetic field intensity recorded in terrestrial and planetary materials is the key to understanding dynamo processes. Thellier-series stepwise-heating methods with partial thermoremanent magnetization (pTRM) checks for alteration are considered the most reliable technique even though pTRM checks are shown to be incapable of detecting the entirety of thermal alteration. We utilize a recently developed multidomain-correction experiment (or RESET) to monitor thermally induced magnetic property alteration that may happen to the very specimen used in Thellier- series experiments. We also use rock magnetic property changes to track the physicochemical alteration of fresh companion specimens of Galapagos lavas that were previously used for paleointensity determinations. Our results show that laboratory heating induced thermal alteration of a typical Galapagos lava sample starts to occur at around 500°C. It escaped detection by pTRM checks but was caught by our RESET method.
Energy relaxation of exciton-polariton condensates in quasi-1D microcavities
Creators: name: Antón, C.
name: Liew, T. C . H.
name: Tosi, G.
name: Martín, M. D.
name: Gao, T.
name: Hatzopoulos, Z.
name: Eldridge, P. S.
name: Savvidis, P. G.
name: Viña, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a time-resolved study of energy relaxation and trapping dynamics of polariton condensates in a semiconductor microcavity ridge. The combination of two non-resonant, pulsed laser sources in a GaAs ridge-shaped microcavity gives rise to profuse quantum phenomena where the repulsive potentials created by the lasers allow the modulation and control of the polariton flow. We analyze in detail the dependence of the dynamics on the power of both lasers and determine the optimum conditions for realizing an all-optical polariton condensate transistor switch. The experimental results are interpreted in the light of simulations based on a generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation, including incoherent pumping, decay and energy relaxation within the condensate.
description: 15 pages, 20 figures
Investigation of blockage effects on circular cylinders in a two-dimensional wind tunnel
Creators: name: Pounder, Edwin
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1951
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: These investigations include some experimental and theoretical studies upon blockage effects in a two-dimensional wind tunnel. The shape chosen to represent a body in the tunnel is that of a circular cylinder since such a body will eliminate circulation as a variable and will produce large blockage effects.

In experimental studies, three cylinders of different size are tested in a two-dimensional tunnel. It is found that interference effects are of such a magnitude that it is impossible to obtain two-dimensional flow with the basic models. Two-dimensional flow is obtained through the use of separation devices, but a quantitative blockage study is not attained.

The theoretical work attempts to show the blockage effects of a two-dimensional tunnel upon a circular cylinder of arbitrary size with and without a wake. The potential flow theory is used throughout, and some correlations with the experimental data are indicated.
Japan’s Voluntary Lockdown: Further Evidence Based on Age-Specific Mobile Location Data
Creators: name: Watanabe, Tsutomu
name: Yabu, Tomoyoshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)--Data processing
COVID-19 (Disease)--Government policy
Health behavior
Health behavior--Age factors
Information behavior
Public health

description: Changes in people’s behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic can be regarded as the result of two types of effects: the “intervention effect” (changes resulting from government orders or requests for people to change their behavior) and the “information effect” (voluntary changes in people’s behavior based on information about the pandemic). Using mobile location data to construct a stay-at-home measure for different age groups, we examine how the intervention and information effects differ across age groups. Our main findings are as follows. First, the age profile of the intervention effect of the state of emergency declaration in April and May 2020 shows that the degree to which people refrained from going out was smaller for older age groups, who are at a higher risk of serious illness and death, than for younger age groups. Second, the age profile of the information effect shows that, unlike the intervention effect, the degree to which people stayed at home tended to increase with age for weekends and holidays. Thus, while Acemoglu et al. (2020) proposed targeted lockdowns requiring stricter lockdown policies for the oldest group in order to protect those at a high risk of serious illness and death, our findings suggest that Japan’s government intervention had a very different effect in that it primarily reduced outings by the young, and what led to the quarantining of older groups at higher risk instead was people’s voluntary response to information about the pandemic. Third, the information effect has been on a downward trend since the summer of 2020. While this trend applies to all age groups, it is relatively more pronounced among the young, so that the age profile of the information effect remains upward sloping, suggesting that people’s response to information about the pandemic is commensurate with their risk of serious illness and death.
A magnetic origin for high temperature superconductivity in iron pnictides
Creators: name: Wang, Meng
name: Zhang, Chenglin
name: Lu, Xingye
name: Tan, Guotai
name: Luo, Huiqian
name: Song, Yu
name: Wang, Miaoyin
name: Zhang, Xiaotian
name: Goremychkin, E. A.
name: Perring, T. G.
name: Maier, T. A.
name: Yin, Zhiping
name: Haule, Kristjan
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
name: Dai, Pengcheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In conventional Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductors, superconductivity occurs when electrons form coherent Cooper pairs below the superconducting transition temperature Tc. Although the kinetic energy of paired electrons increases in the superconducting state relative to the normal state, the reduction in the ion lattice energy is sufficient to give the superconducting condensation energy. For iron pnictide superconductors derived from electron or hole doping of their antiferromagnetic (AF) parent compounds, the microscopic origin for supercnductivity is unclear. Here we use neutron scattering to show that high-Tc superconductivity only occurs for iron pnictides with low-energy itinerant electron-spin excitation coupling and high energy spin excitations. Since our absolute spin susceptibility measurements for optimally hole-doped iron pnictide reveal that the change in magnetic exchange energy below and above Tc can account for the superconducting condensation energy, we conclude that the presence of both high-energy spin excitations giving rise to a large magnetic exchange coupling J and low-energy spin excitations coupled to the itinerant electrons is essential for high-Tc superconductivity in iron pnictides.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures in the main article; 11 pages, 13 figures in the supplementary materials
A study of AGN and supernova feedback in simulations of isolated and merging disc galaxies
Creators: name: Newton, Richard D. A.
name: Kay, Scott T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform high resolution N-body+SPH simulations of isolated Milky-Way-like galaxies and major mergers between them, to investigate the effect of feedback from both an active galactic nucleus (AGN) and supernovae on the galaxy's evolution. Several AGN methods from the literature are used independently and in conjunction with supernova feedback to isolate the most important factors of these feedback processes. We find that in isolated galaxies, supernovae dominate the suppression of star formation but the star formation rate is unaffected by the presence of an AGN. In mergers the converse is true when models with strong AGN feedback are considered, shutting off star formation before a starburst can occur. AGN and supernovae simulated together suppress star formation only slightly more than if they acted independently. This low-level interaction between the feedback processes is due to AGN feedback maintaining the temperature of a hot halo of gas formed by supernovae. For each of the feedback processes the heating temperature is the dominant parameter rather than the overall energy budget or timing of heating events. Finally, we find that the black hole mass is highly resolution dependent, with more massive black holes found in lower resolution simulations.
description: 24 pages, 22 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Young adults’ experiences of dialysis and kidney transplant decision-making.
Creators: name: Ofori-Ansah, Sarah
Publisher: name: London South Bank University
Year: 2022

description: Background Young adults with end-stage kidney disease make decisions to select a renal replacement therapy choice with the support of healthcare professionals once their kidneys fail. However, little is known about how they experience dialysis and kidney transplant decision-making and the effects on their well-being. Aim The aim was to explore how young adults who are diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease experience dialysis and/or kidney transplant decision-making, understand the meaning of their lived experiences, and investigate the effects of decision-making andchoice on their well-being. Methodology Interpretive phenomenology, informed by Heidegger’s hermeneutic principles, was used to purposefully recruit young adults with end-stage kidney disease through social media. A qualitative design using semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data analysed using Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach. Findings Eighteen participants aged 18-30 years old were interviewed. Five themes developed from the analysis include: (1) world turned upside down; (2) experience of information delivery about options; (3) the experience of making my voice heard; (4) experiencing the new normal; and (5) the impact of decision-making and choice on well-being. Conclusion and original contribution This study illuminates our understanding of how young adults experience kidney therapy decision-making and their unmet informational and decisional needs. The majority struggle to cope due to the lack of support during the decision-making process. Kidney therapy decision-making and experiencing choice about therapies affect young adults’whole world and significantly impact their physical, psychosocial, and mental well-being.This thesis proposes a four-talk model, adding a new phase (‘implement talk’) to the existing phases (team talk, option talk, decision talk), to address some of the young adults’ unmet decisional needs and better support their well-being during the decision-making process.
Three new stable L5 Mars Trojans
Creators: name: Marcos, C. de la Fuente
name: Marcos, R. de la Fuente
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mars was second to Jupiter in being recognized as the host of a population of Trojan minor bodies. Since 1990, five asteroids - 5261 Eureka, (101429) 1998 VF31, (121514) 1999 UJ7, 2001 DH47 and (311999) 2007 NS2 - have been identified as Mars Trojans, one L4 and four L5. Dynamical and spectroscopic evidence suggests that some Mars Trojans may be remnants of the original planetesimal population that formed in the terrestrial planets region. Here we revisit the long-term dynamical evolution of the previously known Mars Trojans and show that 2011 SC191, 2011 SL25 and 2011 UN63 are also trailing (L5) Mars Trojans. They appear to be as stable as Eureka and may have been Trojans over the age of the Solar system. The fact that five Trojans move in similar orbits and one of them is a binary may point to the disruption of a larger body early in the history of the Solar system. Such a catastrophic event may also explain the apparently strong asymmetry in terms of number of objects (one versus seven) between the L4 and L5 regions. Future spectroscopic observations should be able to reject or confirm a putative common chemical signature that may lend further support to collisional scenario.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures (degraded to lower resolution), 2 tables, matches version published (Advance Access, March 26, 2013) in MNRAS Letters
Higgs Decays as a Window into the Dark Sector
Creators: name: Davoudiasl, Hooman
name: Lee, Hye-Sung
name: Lewis, Ian
name: Marciano, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A light vector boson, Z_d, associated with a "dark sector" U(1)_d gauge group has been introduced to explain certain astrophysical observations as well as low energy laboratory anomalies. In such models, the Higgs boson may decay into X+Z_d, where X=Z, Z_d or γ. Here, we provide estimates of those decay rates as functions of the Z_d coupling through either mass-mixing (e.g. via an enlarged Higgs mechanism) or through heavy new fermion loops and examine the implied LHC phenomenology. Our studies focus on the higher m_{Z_d} case, > several GeV, where the rates are potentially measurable at the LHC, for interesting regions of parameter spaces, at a level complementary to low energy experimental searches for the Z_d. We also show how measurement of the Z_d polarization (longitudinal versus transverse) can be used to distinguish the physics underlying these rare decays.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures. References updated, some slight rewording, and additional discussion added. Version accepted by PRD
Removing Carbon Dioxide Through Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement and Seaweed Cultivation: Legal Challenges and Opportunities
Creators: name: Webb, Romany M.
name: Silverman-Roati, Korey G.
name: Gerrard, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Carbon dioxide mitigation
Carbon sequestration
Climatic changes--Law and legislation
Environmental law

description: Scientists increasingly agree that carbon dioxide removal will be needed, alongside deep emissions cuts, to stave off the worst impacts of climate change. A wide variety of technologies and strategies have been proposed to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. To date, most research has focused on terrestrial-based approaches, but they often have large land requirements, and may present other risks and challenges. As such, there is growing interest in using the oceans, which have already absorbed more than a quarter of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, and could become an even larger carbon sink in the future. This paper explores two ocean-based carbon dioxide removal strategies—ocean alkalinity enhancement and seaweed cultivation. Ocean alkalinity enhancement involves adding alkalinity to ocean waters, either by discharging alkaline rocks or through an electrochemical process, which increases ocean pH levels and thereby enables greater uptake of carbon dioxide, as well as reducing the adverse impacts of ocean acidification. Seaweed cultivation involves the growing of kelp and other macroalgae to store carbon in biomass, which can then either be used to replace more greenhouse gas-intensive products or sequestered.
Low-speed investigation of a double wedge airfoil with a leading-edge slat
Creators: name: Wallace, Richard Earl
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1953
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: NOTE: Text or symbols not renderable in plain ASCII are indicated by [...]. Abstract is included in .pdf document.

A two-dimensional investigation was undertaken in the California Institute of Technology Merrill Wind Tunnel to determine the effectiveness of using a 15% slat on a 10% double wedge airfoil. The investigation was conducted in three phases: force polars, pressure tests, and tuft pattern studies. All phases were conducted at a dynamic pressure of 40 lb/ft[superscript 2], equivalent to a Reynolds number of 0.78 x 10[superscript 6].

The high lift characteristics of the double wedge airfoil with the slat were found to be aerodynamically superior to those of the basic wedge section and the wedge equipped with a plain nose flap. Extension of the leading edge slat caused increases in maximum lift coefficients and in the angle of attack required for maximum lift. The following increments were measured.

[…].

The nose deflection produced larger […] max increments than the slot variations below nose angles of 25° but for 25° and larger angles the slot variations caused the major improvements in […].  The slot prevented occurrence of buffeting caused by upper surface intermittent or oscillatory separation experienced with the plain nose flap.

In all of the cases tested with the slat extended, the stall was more gradual than for the basic section. The stall for the optimum slot conditions was the result of trailing edge separation moving forward over the upper surface of the airfoil.
Ramsey spectroscopy with squeezed light
Creators: name: Qu, Kenan
name: Agarwal, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Traditional Ramsey spectroscopy has the frequency resolution $2π/T$, where $T$ is the time separation between two light fields. Using squeezed states and two-atom excitation joint detection, we present a new scheme achieving a higher resolution $π/T$. We use two mode squeezed light which exhibits strong entanglement.
The Legal Framework for Offshore Carbon Capture and Storage in Canada
Creators: name: Webb, Romany M.
name: Gerrard, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Carbon dioxide mitigation
Carbon sequestration
Climate change mitigation
Climatic changes--Law and legislation
Environmental law

description: Averting catastrophic climate change requires immediate action to prevent additional carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases being released into the atmosphere. However, even that may not be sufficient, with many scientists now warning that it will likely also be necessary to reduce the existing atmospheric carbon dioxide load. That could be achieved using negative emissions technologies that remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store or utilize it in some way. One promising technology is direct air capture (“DAC”) which uses liquid chemical solutions or solid sorbent filters to capture carbon dioxide from the air and concentrate it into a pure stream. Current DAC technologies are highly energy intensive and must be powered by renewable energy sources to achieve negative emissions. Ideally, DAC equipment would be co- located with a renewable energy facility, at a site where carbon dioxide can be stored or used. There is growing interest in the possibility of locating systems offshore in areas with high wind energy capacity and sub-seabed geologic formations that are suitable for storing carbon dioxide. One possible site off the west coast of Canada—known as the Cascadia Basin—is currently being explored in a Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions study, called Solid Carbon. This paper was developed as part of that study. It provides a comprehensive analysis of legal issues associated with deploying an offshore DAC system, powered by offshore wind turbines, in Canadian waters and storing the captured carbon dioxide in sub-seabed rock formations.