cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Abuse-Deterrent Opioids: A Survey of Physician Beliefs, Behaviors, and Psychology
Creators: name: Lazard, Allison
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Slavova, Svetla
name: Brown, John
name: Freeman, Patricia
name: Nocera, Maryalice
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Objective: Evaluate beliefs and behaviors pertaining to abuse-deterrent opioids (ADFs).

Design: Survey in 2019 by invitation to all licensed physicians.

Setting: Commonwealth of Kentucky.

Participants: 374 physicians.

Methods: Descriptive statistics, and hypothesis test that early adopter prescribers would have greater endorsement of opioid risk management.

Results: Of all prescribers, 55% believed all opioid analgesics should have ADF requirements (15% were unsure); 74% supported mandating insurance coverage. Only one-third considered whether an opioid was ADF when prescribing, motivated by patient family diversion (94%) and societal supply reduction (88%). About half believed ADFs were equally effective in preventing abuse by intact swallowing, injection, chewing, snorting, smoking routes. Only 4% of OxyContin prescribers chose it primarily because of ADF properties. Instead, the most common reason (33%) was being started by another prescriber. A quarter of physicians chose not to prescribe ADFs because of heroin switching potential. Early adopters strongly believed ADFs were effective in reducing abuse (PR 3.2; 95% CI 1.5, 6.6) compared to mainstream physicians. Early-adopter risk-management practices more often included tools increasing agency and measurement: urine drug screens (PR 2.0; 1.3, 3.1), risk screening (PR 1.3; 0.94, 1.9). While nearly all respondents (96%) felt that opioid abuse was a problem in the community, only 57% believed it was a problem among patients in their practice. Attribution theory revealed an externalization of opioid abuse problems that deflected blame from patients on to family members.

Conclusions: The primary motivator for prescribing ADFs was preventing diversion by family members, not patient-level abuse concerns.
Additional file 15 of Comprehensive probiogenomics analysis of the commensal Escherichia coli CEC15 as a potential probiotic strain
Creators: name: da Silva, Tales Fernando
name: Glória, Rafael de Assis
name: de Sousa, Thiago Jesus
name: Americo, Monique Ferrary
name: Freitas, Andria dos Santos
name: Viana, Marcus Vinicius Canário
name: de Jesus, Luís Cláudio Lima
name: da Silva Prado, Ligia Carolina
name: Daniel, Nathalie
name: Ménard, Olivia
name: Cochet, Marie-Françoise
name: Dupont, Didier
name: Jardin, Julien
name: Borges, Amanda Dias
name: Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes
name: Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento
name: Brenig, Bertram
name: Ferreira, Enio
name: Profeta, Rodrigo
name: Aburjaile, Flavia Figueira
name: de Carvalho, Rodrigo Dias Oliveira
name: Langella, Philippe
name: Le Loir, Yves
name: Cherbuy, Claire
name: Jan, Gwénaël
name: Azevedo, Vasco
name: Guédon, Éric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 15: Supplementary figure S4. Bacteriocins-encoding genes present in the genome of CEC15 and EcN strains.
Impacts of Initial Prescription Length and Prescribing Limits on Risk of Prolonged Postsurgical Opioid Use
Creators: name: Hudgens, Michael
name: Stürmer, Til
name: Funk, Michele
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Pate, Virginia
name: Chidgey, Brooke
name: Young, Jessica
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: In response to concerns about opioid addiction following surgery, many states have implemented laws capping the days supplied for initial postoperative prescriptions. However, few studies have examined changes in the risk of prolonged opioid use associated with the initial amount prescribed.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the risk of prolonged opioid use associated with the length of initial opioid prescribed and the potential impact of prescribing limits.

Research design: Using Medicare insurance claims (2007-2017), we identified opioid-naive adults undergoing surgery. Using G-computation methods with logistic regression models, we estimated the risk of prolonged opioid use (≥1 opioid prescription dispensed in 3 consecutive 30-d windows following surgery) associated with the varying initial number of days supplied. We then estimate the potential reduction in cases of prolonged opioid use associated with varying prescribing limits.

Results: We identified 1,060,596 opioid-naive surgical patients. Among the 70.0% who received an opioid for postoperative pain, 1.9% had prolonged opioid use. The risk of prolonged use increased from 0.7% (1 d supply) to 4.4% (15+ d). We estimated that a prescribing limit of 4 days would be associated with a risk reduction of 4.84 (3.59, 6.09)/1000 patients and would be associated with 2255 cases of prolonged use potentially avoided. The commonly used day supply limit of 7 would be associated with a smaller reduction in risk [absolute risk difference=2.04 (-0.17, 4.25)/1000].

Conclusions: The risk of prolonged opioid use following surgery increased monotonically with increasing prescription duration. Common prescribing maximums based on days supplied may impact many patients but are associated with relatively low numbers of reduced cases of prolonged use. Any prescribing limits need to be weighed against the need for adequate pain management.
Robust Collaborative Filtering to Popularity Distribution Shift
Creators: name: Zhang, An
name: Ma, Wenchang
name: Zheng, Jingnan
name: Wang, Xiang
name: Chua, Tat-seng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In leading collaborative filtering (CF) models, representations of users and items are prone to learn popularity bias in the training data as shortcuts. The popularity shortcut tricks are good for in-distribution (ID) performance but poorly generalized to out-of-distribution (OOD) data, i.e., when popularity distribution of test data shifts w.r.t. the training one. To close the gap, debiasing strategies try to assess the shortcut degrees and mitigate them from the representations. However, there exist two deficiencies: (1) when measuring the shortcut degrees, most strategies only use statistical metrics on a single aspect (i.e., item frequency on item and user frequency on user aspect), failing to accommodate the compositional degree of a user-item pair; (2) when mitigating shortcuts, many strategies assume that the test distribution is known in advance. This results in low-quality debiased representations. Worse still, these strategies achieve OOD generalizability with a sacrifice on ID performance. In this work, we present a simple yet effective debiasing strategy, PopGo, which quantifies and reduces the interaction-wise popularity shortcut without any assumptions on the test data. It first learns a shortcut model, which yields a shortcut degree of a user-item pair based on their popularity representations. Then, it trains the CF model by adjusting the predictions with the interaction-wise shortcut degrees. By taking both causal- and information-theoretical looks at PopGo, we can justify why it encourages the CF model to capture the critical popularity-agnostic features while leaving the spurious popularity-relevant patterns out. We use PopGo to debias two high-performing CF models (MF, LightGCN) on four benchmark datasets. On both ID and OOD test sets, PopGo achieves significant gains over the state-of-the-art debiasing strategies (e.g., DICE, MACR).
Hot Spots in Sgr A* Accretion Disk: Hydrodynamic Insights
Creators: name: Tito, E. P.
name: Goncharov, V. P.
name: Pavlov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent image of our galaxy's supermassive black hole Sgr A* derived from the 7 April 2017 data of the Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration shows multiple hot spots in its accretion disk. Using the analytical framework, we demonstrate that the observed hot spots may not be disjoint elements but causally linked components ("petals") of one rotating quasi-stationary macro-structure formed in the thermo-vorticial field within the accretion disk.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 16 of Comprehensive probiogenomics analysis of the commensal Escherichia coli CEC15 as a potential probiotic strain
Creators: name: da Silva, Tales Fernando
name: Glória, Rafael de Assis
name: de Sousa, Thiago Jesus
name: Americo, Monique Ferrary
name: Freitas, Andria dos Santos
name: Viana, Marcus Vinicius Canário
name: de Jesus, Luís Cláudio Lima
name: da Silva Prado, Ligia Carolina
name: Daniel, Nathalie
name: Ménard, Olivia
name: Cochet, Marie-Françoise
name: Dupont, Didier
name: Jardin, Julien
name: Borges, Amanda Dias
name: Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes
name: Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento
name: Brenig, Bertram
name: Ferreira, Enio
name: Profeta, Rodrigo
name: Aburjaile, Flavia Figueira
name: de Carvalho, Rodrigo Dias Oliveira
name: Langella, Philippe
name: Le Loir, Yves
name: Cherbuy, Claire
name: Jan, Gwénaël
name: Azevedo, Vasco
name: Guédon, Éric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 16: Supplementary figure S5. Relative gene expression of Caco-2 cells is unaltered by treated with either CEC15 or EcN strains
Additional file 1 of Physiotherapeutic evaluation of patients with post COVID-19 condition: current use of measuring instruments by physiotherapists working in Austria and South Tyrol
Creators: name: Spiegl, Claudia
name: Schiefermeier-Mach, Natalia
name: Schifferegger, Erika
name: Wiederin, Claudia
name: Scheiber, Barbara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Improving Star Cluster Age Estimates in PHANGS-HST Galaxies and the Impact on Cluster Demographics in NGC 628
Creators: name: Whitmore, Bradley C.
name: Chandar, Rupali
name: Lee, Janice C.
name: Floyd, Matthew
name: Deger, Sinan
name: Lilly, James
name: Minsley, Rebecca
name: Thilker, David A.
name: Boquien, Médéric
name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: Henny, Kiana
name: Scheuermann, Fabian
name: Barnes, Ashley T.
name: Bigiel, Frank
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Glover, Simon
name: Grasha, Kathryn
name: Groves, Brent
name: Hannon, Stephen
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Kreckel, Kathryn
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Larson, Kirsten L.
name: Leroy, Adam
name: Mok, Angus
name: Pan, Hsi-An
name: Pinna, Francesca
name: Sánchez-Blázquez, Patricia
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Sormani, Mattia C.
name: Watkins, Elizabeth
name: Williams, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A long-standing problem when deriving the physical properties of stellar populations is the degeneracy between age, reddening, and metallicity. When a single metallicity is used for all star clusters in a galaxy, this degeneracy can result in $`$catastrophic$'$ errors for old globular clusters. Typically, approximately 10 - 20 % of all clusters detected in spiral galaxies can have ages that are incorrect by a factor of ten or more. In this paper we present a pilot study for four galaxies (NGC 628, NGC 1433, NGC 1365, and NGC 3351) from the PHANGS-HST survey. We describe methods to correct the age-dating for old globular clusters, by first identifying candidates using their colors, and then reassigning ages and reddening based on a lower metallicity solution. We find that young $`$interlopers$'$ can be identified from their Halpha flux. CO (2-1) intensity or the presence of dust can also be used, but our tests show that they do not work as well. Improvements in the success fraction are possible at the $\sim$ 15 % level (reducing the fraction of catastrophic age-estimates from between 13 - 21 % to 3 - 8 %). A large fraction of the incorrectly age-dated globular clusters are systematically given ages around 100 Myr, polluting the younger populations as well. Incorrectly age-dated globular clusters significantly impact the observed cluster age distribution in NGC 628, which affects the physical interpretation of cluster disruption in this galaxy. For NGC 1365, we also demonstrate how to fix a second major age-dating problem, where very dusty young clusters with E(B-V) $>$ 1.5 mag are assigned old, globular-cluster like ages. Finally, we note the discovery of a dense population of $\sim$ 300 Myr clusters around the central region of NGC 1365. and discuss how this results naturally from the dynamics in a barred galaxy.
description: 27 pages, 17 figures (NOTE: 1, 5, 9, 12, 14 are lower resolution than in the journal)
A New Scheme for High-Intensity Laser-Driven Electron Acceleration in a Plasma 2
Creators: name: Sadykova, S. P.
name: Rukhadze, A.
name: Samkharadze, T. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new approach to high-intensity relativistic laser-driven electron acceleration in a plasma. Here, we demonstrate that a plasma wave generated by a stimulated forward-scattering of an incident laser pulse can be in the longest acceleration phase with injected relativistic beam electrons. This is why the plasma wave has the maximum amplification coefficient which is determined by the acceleration time and the breakdown (overturn) electric field in which the acceleration of the injected beam electrons occurs. We must note that for the longest acceleration phase the relativity of the injected beam electrons plays a crucial role in our scheme. We estimate qualitatively the acceleration parameters of relativistic electrons in the field of a plasma wave generated at the stimulated forward-scattering of a high-intensity laser pulse in a plasma.
description: 4 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1404.6589
Temperature Dependent Functions of the Electron Neutral Momentum Transfer Collision Cross Sections of Selected Combustion Plasma Species
Creators: name: Marzouk, Osama A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collision cross sections (CCS), momentum transfer cross sections (MTCS), or scattering cross sections (SCS) of an electron neutral pair are important components for computing the electric conductivity of a plasma gas. Larger collision cross sections for electrons moving freely within neutral particles (molecules or atoms) cause more scattering of these electrons by the neutral particles, which leads to degraded electron mobility, and thus reduced electric conductivity of the plasma gas that consists of electrons, neutral particles, and ions. The present work aimed to identify the level of disagreement between four different methods for describing how electron neutral collision cross sections vary when they are treated as a function of electron temperature alone. These four methods are based on data or models previously reported in the literature. The analysis covered six selected gaseous species that are relevant to combustion plasma, which are as follows: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), molecular hydrogen (H2), water vapor (H2O), potassium vapor (K), and molecular oxygen (O2). The temperature dependence of the collision cross sections for these species was investigated in the range from 2000 K to 3000 K, which is suitable for both conventional air fuel combustion and elevated temperature oxygen fuel (oxy-fuel) combustion. The findings of the present study suggest that linear functions are enough to describe the variations in the collision cross sections of the considered species in the temperature range of interest for combustion plasma. Also, the values of the coefficient of variation (defined as the sample standard deviation divided by the mean) in the collision cross sections using the four methods were approximately 27% for CO, 42% for CO2, 13% for H2, 39% for H2O, 44% for K, and 19% for O2.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables
The cosmic radio background from 150 MHz--8.4 GHz, and its division into AGN and star-forming galaxy flux
Creators: name: Tompkins, Scott A.
name: Driver, Simon P.
name: Robotham, Aaron S. G.
name: Windhorst, Rogier A.
name: Lagos, Claudia del P.
name: Vernstrom, T.
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a revised measurement of the extra-galactic background light (EBL) at radio frequencies based on a near complete compendium of radio source counts. We present the radio-EBL at 150 MHz, 325 MHz, 610 MHz, 1.4 GHz, 3 GHz, 5 GHz, and 8.4 GHz. In all cases the contribution to the radio-EBL, per decade of flux, exhibits a two-humped distribution well matched to the AGN and star-forming galaxy (SFG) populations, and with each population contributing roughly equal energy. Only at 3 GHz are the source count contributions to the EBL fully convergent, and hence we report empirical lower limits to the radio-EBL in the remaining bands. Adopting predictions from the SHARK semi-analytic model for the form of the SFG population, we can fit the fainter source counts providing measurements of the total contribution to the radio-EBL for the SFG and the AGN populations separately. This constitutes an empirically constrained model-dependent measurement for the SFG contribution, but a fully empirical measurement of the AGN contribution. Using the {\sc ProSpect} spectral energy distribution code we can model the UV-optical-infrared-mm-radio SFG EBL at all frequencies from the cosmic star-formation history and the adoption of a Chabrier initial mass function. However, significant discrepancy remains ($5\times$) between our source-count estimates of the radio-EBL and the direct measurements reported from the ARCADE-2 experiment. We can rule out a significant missing discrete source radio population and suggest that the cause of the high ARCADE-2 radio-EBL values may need to be sought either in the foreground subtraction or as a yet unknown diffuse component in the radio sky.
Additional file 2 of Physiotherapeutic evaluation of patients with post COVID-19 condition: current use of measuring instruments by physiotherapists working in Austria and South Tyrol
Creators: name: Spiegl, Claudia
name: Schiefermeier-Mach, Natalia
name: Schifferegger, Erika
name: Wiederin, Claudia
name: Scheiber, Barbara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
Astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas: introduction and overview
Creators: name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief introduction and overview of the astrochemistry of dust, ice and gas and their interplay is presented, aimed at non-specialists. The importance of basic chemical physics studies of critical reactions is illustrated through a number of recent examples. Such studies have also triggered new insight into chemistry, illustrating how astronomy and chemistry can enhance each other. Much of the chemistry in star- and planet-forming regions is now thought to be driven by gas-grain chemistry rather than pure gas-phase chemistry, and a critical discussion of the state of such models is given. Recent developments in studies of diffuse clouds and PDRs, cold dense clouds, hot cores, protoplanetary disks and exoplanetary atmospheres are summarized, both for simple and more complex molecules, with links to papers presented in this volume. In spite of many lingering uncertainties, the future of astrochemistry is bright: new observational facilities promise major advances in our understanding of the journey of gas, ice and dust from clouds to planets.
description: Introductory paper for Faraday Discussions 168 conference, April 2014
VLT-MUSE spectroscopy of AGNs misclassified by BPT diagnostic or with weak emission lines
Creators: name: Agostino, Christopher J.
name: Salim, Samir
name: Boquien, Médéric
name: Janowiecki, Steven
name: Salas, Héctor
name: Couto, Guillherme S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite powerful X-ray emission, some AGNs are known to either lack optical emission lines (so-called 'optically dull' AGNs) or have lines that fall on the star-forming branch of the BPT diagram ('misclassified' AGNs). Aperture effects have been proposed to explain such atypical spectra, especially when based on SDSS (3'') fibers. We use observations from VLT-MUSE with Adaptive Optics to explore the spatially resolved optical emission line properties of 4 optically dull and 1 misclassified X-ray AGN candidates. VLT-MUSE IFU spectra allow us to investigate the extent to which the aperture size affects the emission line measurements. The optically dull AGNs become detectable in deeper VLT-MUSE spectroscopic apertures having the same size (3'') as SDSS fibers, suggesting no AGN is truly lineless. However, in no case does the line become more detectable as the aperture decreases, as would be expected if dilution by strong continuum was responsible for making the lines appear weak. We also show that the misclassified X-ray AGN retains the same position on the BPT diagram in smaller apertures (down to 0.''5), demonstrating that its misclassification is not the result of the dilution by HII regions. Thus, we conclude that continuum swamping or star formation dilution, i.e., aperture effects, are not responsible for atypical lines. Rather, the AGN lines are intrinsically weak.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 12 pages, 11 figures
Invited Commentary: Drug Checking for Novel Insights Into the Unregulated Drug Supply
Creators: name: Figgatt, Mary
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Tobias et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191 (2):241-247) present a novel analysis of time trends in fentanyl concentrations in the unregulated drug supply in British Columbia, Canada. The preexisting knowledge about unregulated drugs had come from law-enforcement seizures and postmortem toxicology. As both of these data sources are subject to selection bias, large-scale drug-checking programs are poised to be a crucial component of the public health response to the unrelenting increase in overdose in North America. As programs expand, we offer 2 guiding principles. First, the primary purpose of these programs is to deliver timely results to people who use drugs to mitigate health risks. Second, innovation is needed to go beyond criminal justice paradigms in laboratory analysis for a more nuanced understanding of health concerns. We provide examples of the role adulterants play in our understanding of drug harms. We also describe the applications and limitations of common laboratory assays, with implications for epidemiologic surveillance. While the research and direct service teams in British Columbia have taken groundbreaking steps, there is still a need to establish best practices for communicating results to sample donors in an approachable yet nonalarmist tone.
TESS-Gaia Light Curve: a PSF-based TESS FFI light curve product
Creators: name: Han, Te
name: Brandt, Timothy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) is continuing its second extended mission after 55 sectors of observations. TESS publishes full-frame images (FFI) at a cadence of 1800, 600, or 200 seconds, allowing light curves to be extracted for stars beyond a limited number of pre-selected stars. Simulations show that thousands of exoplanets, eclipsing binaries, variable stars, and other astrophysical transients can be found in these FFI light curves. To obtain high-precision light curves, we forward model the FFI with the effective point spread function to remove contamination from nearby stars. We adopt star positions and magnitudes from Gaia DR3 as priors. The resulting light curves, called TESS-Gaia Light Curves (TGLC), show a photometric precision closely tracking the pre-launch prediction of the noise level. TGLC's photometric precision reaches <~2% at 16th TESS magnitude even in crowded fields. We publish TGLC Aperture and PSF light curves for stars down to 16th TESS magnitude through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST) for all available sectors and will continue to deliver future light curves via DOI: 10.17909/610m-9474. The open-source package tglc is publicly available to enable any user to produce customized light curves.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables, AJ accepted. Light curves are available at https://archive.stsci.edu/doi/resolve/resolve.html?doi=10.17909/610m-9474 tglc package is pip-installable and available at https://github.com/TeHanHunter/TESS_Gaia_Light_Curve
Traffic-driven SIR epidemic model on networks
Creators: name: Pu, Cunlai
name: Li, Siyuan
name: Yang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel SIR epidemic model which is driven by the transmission of infection packets in networks. Specifically, infected nodes generate and deliver infection packets causing the spread of the epidemic, while recovered nodes block the delivery of infection packets, and this inhibits the epidemic spreading. The efficient routing protocol governed by a control parameter $α$ is used in the packet transmission. We obtain the maximum instantaneous population of infected nodes, the maximum population of ever infected nodes, as well as the corresponding optimal $α$ through simulation. We find that generally more balanced load distribution leads to more intense and wide spread of an epidemic in networks. Increasing either average node degree or homogeneity of degree distribution will facilitate epidemic spreading. When packet generation rate $ρ$ is small, increasing $ρ$ favors epidemic spreading. However, when $ρ$ is large enough, traffic congestion appears which inhibits epidemic spreading.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
An Algorithm to Predict Out-of-Hospital Death Using Insurance Claims Data
Creators: name: Cooper, Toska
name: Yoon, Frank
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Pack, Kenneth
name: Gibson, Teresa
name: Irwin, Debra
name: Young, Jessica
name: DiPrete, Bethany
name: Bloemers, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: The inability to identify dates of death in insurance claims data is a major limitation to retrospective claims-based research. Deaths likely result in disenrollment; however, disenrollment may also reflect a change in insurance provider. We aim to develop a user-friendly public algorithm to predict death within the year of disenrollment using an administrative claims database. 

Methods: We identified adults (18+ years) with at least 1 year of continuous enrollment prior to disenrollment in 2007-2018. Using Social Security Death Index, inpatient discharge status, and death indicators in the administrative data as the gold standard, we used claims in the prior year to predict death. Models including candidate predictors for age, sex, Census region, month of disenrollment, chronic condition indicators (components of the Elixhauser score), and prior healthcare utilization were estimated using used elastic net regression tuned by 5-fold cross-validation and final models evaluated in an independent testing set. Weighted analysis adjusts for rare outcome (i.e., class imbalance). Sensitivity and specificity associated with various thresholds of predicted probability to classify death at disenrollment were calculated. 

Results: We identified 13,360,460 beneficiaries who disenrolled during the study period, with 5% of patients who died within the 61 days of disenrollment. The strongest predictors of death were age at disenrollment, diagnosis of metastatic cancer in the year prior to death, and type of care received (e.g., inpatient stay, hospice care). Using a prediction threshold of 30%, the algorithm classified death at disenrollment with a sensitivity of 0.684 and specificity of 0.985 (ROC=0.97). 

Conclusions: Our algorithm uses publicly defined chronic conditions and utilization patterns that are easy to implement in claims data and predicts death at disenrollment.
Uniting Weyl semimetals and semiconductors in a family of arsenides
Creators: name: Wojciech, Pacuski
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this preview, we discuss how to combine concepts of Weyl fermions, amazing electronic properties of bulk Weyl semimetals, and advances in molecular beam epitaxy with the needs of semiconductor industry, through the fabrication of TaAs thin films.
description: Preview, 4 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 1 of Clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: neurosurgical and otolaryngologic conditions
Creators: name: Ali, Arafat
name: Morris, Jonathan M.
name: Decker, Summer J.
name: Huang, Yu-hui
name: Wake, Nicole
name: Rybicki, Frank J
name: Ballard, David H
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
The chemical footprint of the star formation feedback in M 82 on scales of 100 pc
Creators: name: Ginard, D.
name: Fuente, A.
name: García-Burillo, S.
name: Alonso-Albi, T.
name: Krips, M.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Neri, R.
name: Pilleri, P.
name: Usero, A.
name: Treviño-Morales, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present interferometric observations of the CN 1-0 (113.491 GHz), N2H+ 1-0 (93.173 GHz), H(41)a (92.034 GHz), CH3CN (91.987 GHz), CS 3-2 (146.969 GHz), c-C3H2 3-2 (145.089 GHz), H2CO 2-1 (145.603 GHz) and HC3N 16-15 (145.601 GHz) lines towards M82, carried out with the IRAM Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). PDR chemical modelling is used to interpret these observations. Our results show that the abundances of N2H+, CS and H13 CO+ remain quite constant across the galaxy confirming that these species are excellent tracers of the dense molecular gas. On the contrary, the abundance of CN increases by a factor of 3 in the inner x2 bar orbits. The [CN]/[N2 H+ ] ratio is well correlated with the H(41)a emission at all spatial scales down to 100 pc. Chemical modelling shows that the variations in the [CN]/[N2H+] ratio can be explained as the consequence of differences in the local intestellar UV field and in the average cloud sizes within the nucleus of the galaxy. Our high-spatial resolution imaging of the starburst galaxy M 82 shows that the star formation activity has a strong impact on the chemistry of the molecular gas. In particular, the entire nucleus behaves as a giant photon-dominated region (PDR) whose chemistry is determined by the local UV flux. The detection of N2H+ shows the existence of a population of clouds with Av >20 mag all across the galaxy plane. These clouds constitute the molecular gas reservoir for the formation of new stars and, although distributed all along the nucleus, the highest concentration occurs in the outer x1 bar orbits (R = 280 pc).
description: 19 pages, 14 figures
Additional file 3 of Physiotherapeutic evaluation of patients with post COVID-19 condition: current use of measuring instruments by physiotherapists working in Austria and South Tyrol
Creators: name: Spiegl, Claudia
name: Schiefermeier-Mach, Natalia
name: Schifferegger, Erika
name: Wiederin, Claudia
name: Scheiber, Barbara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
Probabilities for Solar Siblings
Creators: name: Valtonen, M.
name: Bajkova, A. T.
name: Bobylev, V. V.
name: Myllari, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have shown previously (Bobylev et al 2011) that some of the stars in the Solar neighborhood today may have originated in the same star cluster as the Sun, and could thus be called Solar Siblings. In this work we investigate the sensitivity of this result to Galactic models and to parameters of these models, and also extend the sample of orbits. There are a number of good candidates for the Sibling category, but due to the long period of orbit evolution since the break-up of the birth cluster of the Sun, one can only attach probabilities of membership. We find that up to 10% (but more likely around 1 %) of the members of the Sun's birth cluster could be still found within 100 pc from the Sun today.
description: 15 pages, 4 tables, 3 figures. Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (2014CeMDA.tmp...56V). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1106.5632
Quenching of dynamic nuclear polarization by spin-orbit coupling in GaAs quantum dots
Creators: name: Nichol, John M.
name: Harvey, Shannon P.
name: Shulman, Michael D.
name: Pal, Arijeet
name: Umansky, Vladimir
name: Rashba, Emmanuel I.
name: Halperin, Bertrand I.
name: Yacoby, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The central-spin problem, in which an electron spin interacts with a nuclear spin bath, is a widely studied model of quantum decoherence. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) occurs in central spin systems when electronic angular momentum is transferred to nuclear spins and is exploited in spin-based quantum information processing for coherent electron and nuclear spin control. However, the mechanisms limiting DNP remain only partially understood. Here, we show that spin-orbit coupling quenches DNP in a GaAs double quantum dot, even though spin-orbit coupling in GaAs is weak. Using Landau-Zener sweeps, we measure the dependence of the electron spin-flip probability on the strength and direction of in-plane magnetic field, allowing us to distinguish effects of the spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions. To confirm our interpretation, we measure high-bandwidth correlations in the electron spin-flip probability and attain results consistent with a significant spin-orbit contribution. We observe that DNP is quenched when the spin-orbit component exceeds the hyperfine, in agreement with a theoretical model. Our results shed new light on the surprising competition between the spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions in central-spin systems.
description: 5+12 pages, 9 figures
Electronic structure and properties of superconducting materials with simple Fermi surfaces
Creators: name: Jarlborg, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structures of the ground state for several different superconducting materials, such as cuprates, conventional 3-dimensional superconductors, doped semiconductors and low-dimensional systems, are quite different and sometimes in contrast to what is supposed to make a superconductor. Properties like the Fermi-surface (FS) topology, density-of-states (DOS), stripes, electron-phonon coupling ($λ_{ep}$) and spin fluctuations ($λ_{sf}$) are analyzed in order to find clues to what might be important for the mechanism of superconductivity. A high DOS at $E_F$ is important for standard estimates of $λ's$, but it is suggested that superconductivity can survive a low DOS if the FS is simple enough. Superconducting fluctuations are plausible from coupling to long wave length modes in underdoped cuprates, where short coherence length is a probable obstacle for long-range superconductivity. Thermal disorder is recognized as a limiting factor for large $T_C$ independently of doping.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, proceedings Superstripes 2014 conference Erice
Association of Opioid Dose Reduction With Opioid Overdose and Opioid Use Disorder Among Patients Receiving High-Dose, Long-term Opioid Therapy in North Carolina
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Ives, Timothy
name: Chelminski, Paul
name: Ranapurwala, Shabbar
name: DiPrete, Bethany
name: Go, Vivian
name: Maierhofer, Courtney
name: Pence, Brian
name: Ringwalt, Christopher
name: Fulcher, Naoko
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Importance: Rapid reduction or discontinuation of long-term opioid therapy may increase risk of opioid overdose or opioid use disorder (OUD). Current guidelines for chronic pain management caution against rapid dose reduction but are based on limited evidence.

Objective: To characterize the association between rapid reduction or abrupt discontinuation of opioid therapy (vs maintained or gradual reduction) and incidence of opioid overdose and OUD among patients prescribed high-dose, long-term opioid therapy (HDLTOT).

Design, setting, and participants: This retrospective cohort study was conducted among patients aged 18 to 64 years who were prescribed HDLTOT (≥90 daily morphine milligram equivalents for ≥90% of 90 days) from January 2006 to September 2018, with follow-up up to 4 years after cohort entry. Claims data were drawn from a large private health insurer in North Carolina and analyzed from March 1, 2006, to September 30, 2018.

Exposures: Time-varying exposure of rapid dose reduction or discontinuation (>10% dose reduction/week) vs maintenance, increase, or gradual reduction or discontinuation.

Main outcomes and measures: The main outcome was incident opioid overdose (fatal or nonfatal) or diagnosed OUD. Inverse probability-weighted cumulative incidence of outcomes were estimated using the cumulative incidence function and hazard ratios (HRs) using marginal structural Fine-Gray models as a function of rapid dose tapering or discontinuation (vs gradual reduction or discontinuation or maintained or increased), accounting for competing risks.

Results: A total of 19 443 patients (median [IQR] age, 49 [41-55] years; 10 073 [51.8%] men) who received HDLTOT were identified. Rapid reduction or discontinuation was associated with higher risk of fatal and nonfatal overdoses compared with gradual reduction after the first year (year 1: HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 0.94-2.18; years 2-4: HR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.31-2.90). There was no association between rapid reduction or discontinuation and diagnosed OUD through 2 years of follow-up; however, the hazard of incident OUD among patients exposed to rapid tapering or discontinuation was greater 25 to 48 months after the start of follow-up (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.63).

Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study, rapid dose reduction or discontinuation was associated with increased risk of opioid overdose and OUD during long-term follow-up. These findings reinforce prior concerns about safety of rapid dose reductions for patients receiving HDLTOT and highlight the need for caution when reducing opioid doses.
Dynamical symmetry enhancement near massive IIA horizons
Creators: name: Gran, U.
name: Gutowski, J.
name: Kayani, U.
name: Papadopoulos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that Killing horizons in massive IIA supergravity preserve an even number of supersymmetries, and that their symmetry algebra contains an $\mathfrak{sl}(2, R)$ subalgebra, confirming the conjecture of [5]. We also prove a new class of Lichnerowicz type theorems for connections of the spin bundle whose holonomy is contained in a general linear group.
description: 21 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1409.6303
Quantum Text Encoding for Classification Tasks
Creators: name: Alexander, Aaranya
name: Widdows, Dominic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores text classification on quantum computers. Previous results have achieved perfect accuracy on an artificial dataset of 100 short sentences, but at the unscalable cost of using a qubit for each word. This paper demonstrates that an amplitude encoded feature map combined with a quantum support vector machine can achieve 62% average accuracy predicting sentiment using a dataset of 50 actual movie reviews. This is still small, but considerably larger than previously-reported results in quantum NLP.
Covid-19 Poster
Creators: name: Mom, Ean
name: Hem Vattanak
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: These Covid-19 posters were created by the Siem Pang Youth Advisory Group on Health and Research Engagement (YAGHRE) group with advice from researchers at the MORU-Siem Pang research centre for the 4 secondary schools and 1 high school in the Siem Pang district in December 2021 and January 2022. They were used during a health education day at each school. The purpose was to provide health knowledge information to school students and to improve the health of people in the community through the ‘one student-one family’ initiative. The posters have also been provided to Village Health Workers and MMWs for dissemination to people in the community.
Mapping High-velocity H-alpha and Lyman-alpha Emission from Supernova 1987A
Creators: name: France, Kevin
name: McCray, Richard
name: Fransson, Claes
name: Larsson, Josefin
name: Frank, Kari A.
name: Burrows, David N.
name: Challis, Peter
name: Kirshner, Robert P.
name: Chevalier, Roger A.
name: Garnavich, Peter
name: Heng, Kevin
name: Lawrence, Stephen S.
name: Lundqvist, Peter
name: Smith, Nathan
name: Sonneborn, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new {\it Hubble Space Telescope} images of high-velocity H-$α$ and Lyman-$α$ emission in the outer debris of SN~1987A. The H-$α$ images are dominated by emission from hydrogen atoms crossing the reverse shock. For the first time we observe emission from the reverse shock surface well above and below the equatorial ring, suggesting a bipolar or conical structure perpendicular to the ring plane. Using the H$α$ imaging, we measure the mass flux of hydrogen atoms crossing the reverse shock front, in the velocity intervals ($-$7,500~$
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. ApJL - accepted
Considerations for observational study design: Comparing the evidence of opioid use between electronic health records and insurance claims
Creators: name: Stürmer, Til
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Funk, Michele
name: Young, Jessica
name: Pate, Virginia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Purpose: Pharmacoepidemiology studies often use insurance claims and/or electronic health records (EHR) to capture information about medication exposure. The choice between these data sources has important implications.

Methods: We linked EHR from a large academic health system (2015-2017) to Medicare insurance claims for patients undergoing surgery. Drug utilization was characterized based on medication order dates in the EHR, and prescription fill dates in Medicare claims. We compared opioid use documented in EHR orders to prescription claims in four time periods: 1) Baseline (182 days before surgery); 2) Perioperative period; 3) Discharge date; 4) Follow-up (90 days after surgery).

Results: We identified 11 128 patients undergoing surgery. During baseline, 34.4% (EHR) versus 44.1% (claims) had evidence of opioid use, and 56.9% of all baseline use was reflected only in one data source. During the perioperative period, 78.8% (EHR) versus 47.6% (claims) had evidence of use. On the day of discharge, 59.6% (EHR) versus 45.5% (claims) had evidence of use, and 51.8% of all discharge use was reflected only in one data source. During follow-up, 4.3% (EHR) versus 10.4% (claims) were identified with prolonged opioid use following surgery with 81.4% of all prolonged use reflected only in one data source.

Conclusions: When characterizing opioid exposure, we found substantial discrepancies between EHR medication orders and prescription claims data. In all time periods assessed, most patients' use was reflected only in the EHR, or only in the claims, not both. The potential for misclassification of drug utilization must be evaluated carefully, and choice of data source may have large impacts on key study design elements.
Additional file 1 of The CHARTER-Ireland trial: can nebulised heparin reduce acute lung injury in patients with SARS-CoV-2 requiring advanced respiratory support in Ireland: a study protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomised control trial
Creators: name: Sheehan, John Robert
name: Calpin, Padraig
name: Kernan, Maeve
name: Kelly, Claire
name: Casey, Siobhan
name: Murphy, Darragh
name: Alvarez-Iglesias, Alberto
name: Giacomini, Camilla
name: Cody, Catriona
name: Curley, Gerard
name: McGeary, Shane
name: Hanley, Ciara
name: McNicholas, Bairbre
name: van Haren, Frank
name: Laffey, John G.
name: Cosgrave, David
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Participant timeline {13}