cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anomaly detection and community detection in networks
Creators: name: Safdari, Hadiseh
name: De Bacco, Caterina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.4
subject: 68-XX

description: Anomaly detection is a relevant problem in the area of data analysis. In networked systems, where individual entities interact in pairs, anomalies are observed when pattern of interactions deviates from patterns considered regular. Properly defining what regular patterns entail relies on developing expressive models for describing the observed interactions. It is crucial to address anomaly detection in networks. Among the many well-known models for networks, latent variable models - a class of probabilistic models - offer promising tools to capture the intrinsic features of the data. In this work, we propose a probabilistic generative approach that incorporates domain knowledge, i.e., community membership, as a fundamental model for regular behavior, and thus flags potential anomalies deviating from this pattern. In fact, community membership serves as the building block of a null model to identify the regular interaction patterns. The structural information is included in the model through latent variables for community membership and anomaly parameter. The algorithm aims at inferring these latent parameters and then output the labels identifying anomalies on the network edges.
title: Cross Sectional Review of Fat Containing Lesions in the Musculoskeletal System
Creators: name: Pai, Vivek
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Education
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal spine
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To describe the clinical features of fat-containing pathologies of the musculoskeletal system. . To provide a comprehensive pictorial review of fat-containing pathologies encountered by the musculoskeletal...
Fate of density waves in the presence of a higher order van Hove singularity
Creators: name: Zervou, Alkistis
name: Efremov, Dmitriy V.
name: Betouras, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological transitions in electronic band structures, resulting in van Hove singularities in the density of states, can considerably affect various types of orderings in quantum materials. Regular topological transitions (of neck formation or collapse) lead to a logarithmic divergence of the electronic density of states (DOS) as a function of energy in two-dimensions. In addition to the regular van Hove singularities, there are higher order van Hove singularities (HOVHS) with a power-law divergences in DOS. By employing renormalization group (RG) techniques, we study the fate of a spin-density wave phase formed by nested parts of the Fermi surface, when a HOVHS appears in parallel. We find that the phase formation can be boosted by the presence of the singularity, with the critical temperature increasing by orders of magnitude. We discuss possible applications of our findings to a range of quantum materials such as Sr$_3$Ru$_2$O$_7$, Sr$_2$RuO$_4$ and transition metal dichalcogenides.
description: Version accepted as Letter in Phys. Rev. Res., 8 pages
Daytime Sleepiness, Nighttime Sleep Quality, Stressful Life Events, and HIV-Related Fatigue
Creators: name: Barroso, Julie
name: Harmon, James L.
name: Salahuddin, Naima
name: Leserman, Jane
name: Pence, Brian Wells
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: In this report we describe the relationships between daytime sleepiness, nighttime sleep quality, stressful life events, and HIV-related fatigue in a sample of 128 individuals; we are reporting the baseline results of a longitudinal observational study. We examined sleep using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (a measure of the quality of nighttime sleep), and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), (a measure of daytime sleepiness). Recent stressful life events were measured via a methodology developed in a previous 9-year HIV study. Poor nighttime sleep was significantly correlated with fatigue intensity (r = 0.46, p < 0.05), as was daytime sleepiness (r = 0.20, p < 0.05). However, in multiple regression models, the association between stress and fatigue intensity was not explained by daytime sleepiness and was only partially explained by nighttime sleep quality. Further research is needed to better elucidate these relationships.
Detecting Backdoors in Neural Networks Using Novel Feature-Based Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Fu, Hao
name: Veldanda, Akshaj Kumar
name: Krishnamurthy, Prashanth
name: Garg, Siddharth
name: Khorrami, Farshad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a new defense against neural network backdooring attacks that are maliciously trained to mispredict in the presence of attacker-chosen triggers. Our defense is based on the intuition that the feature extraction layers of a backdoored network embed new features to detect the presence of a trigger and the subsequent classification layers learn to mispredict when triggers are detected. Therefore, to detect backdoors, the proposed defense uses two synergistic anomaly detectors trained on clean validation data: the first is a novelty detector that checks for anomalous features, while the second detects anomalous mappings from features to outputs by comparing with a separate classifier trained on validation data. The approach is evaluated on a wide range of backdoored networks (with multiple variations of triggers) that successfully evade state-of-the-art defenses. Additionally, we evaluate the robustness of our approach on imperceptible perturbations, scalability on large-scale datasets, and effectiveness under domain shift. This paper also shows that the defense can be further improved using data augmentation.
Diluted magnetism in Mn doped SrZnO2 single crystals
Creators: name: Rahman, M. R.
name: Koteswararao, B.
name: Huang, S. H.
name: Kim, Kee Hoon
name: Chou, F. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the magnetic properties of Mn and Cu substituted SrZnO2 single crystals (SrZn0.99Mn0.01O2 and SrZn0.99Cu0.01O2). We observed signatures of weak ferromagnetism as a sharp increase of magnetic susceptibility below 5 K even in the low percentage (x= 0.01) of Mn substituted single crystals. Magnetic susceptibility data measured parallel or perpendicular to the ab plane yield anisotropic behavior with Curie Weiss temperature of about -320 K and -410 K, respectively, suggesting the presence of strong antiferromagnetic couplings among Mn atoms at high temperatures, similar to the Mn doped ZnO and Fe doped BaTiO3 samples. In contrast, the SrZn0.99Cu0.01O2 crystal shows paramagnetic behavior down to 2 K.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, Journal of Applied Physics 114, 123903 (2013)
Factors Influencing Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Infected Female Inmates
Creators: name: Roberson, Donna W.
name: White, Becky L.
name: Fogel, Catherine I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: New HIV cases are increasing among women, especially women of color. Moreover, the rate of infection for incarcerated women is twice that of incarcerated men. With advances in medication therapy, HIV has become a chronic illness that can be successfully treated, provided the patient is able to achieve adherence with the prescribed antiretroviral medication regimen. Incarcerated women, however, frequently come from environments burdened with violence, substance and physical abuse, homelessness, child-care issues, and mental illness. Such burdens negatively affect the ability of these women to adhere to the medication plan. This study explored incarcerated HIV-infected women’s barriers to and facilitators of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), the role of health care provider relationships in adherence, and the ways in which issues of medical privacy influence ability or desire to adhere while incarcerated. A secondary analysis of an existing set of qualitative interviews with HIV-infected female inmates was conducted.
Looking forward to forward physics at the CERN's LHC
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For decades, new physics searches in collider experiments have focused on the high-$p_T$ region. However, it has recently become evident that the LHC physics potential has not been fully exploited. To be specific, forward collisions, which produce particles along the beamline with enormous rates, have been almost completely ignored. For all practical purposes, these collisions are a treasure trove of physics, containing the highest-energy neutrinos ever produced by humans, as well as possible evidence for dark matter, light and weakly-coupled particles, and new forces. In the upcoming LHC Run 3 the ForwArd Search ExpeRiment (FASER) and its cousin FASER$ν$ will extend the LHC's physics potential. A continuation of this forward physics program for the HL-LHC aims at the Forward Physics Facility (FPF), with larger scale experiments. In this report, I give an overview of the physics motivations for FASER, FASER$ν$, and the FPF experiments, including both Standard Model and beyond Standard Model physics.
description: Talk given at the 21st International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (ISVHECRI 2022), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, India. For a comprehensive discussion of the FPF experiments see arXiv:2109.10905 and arXiv:2203.05090. Submission to SciPost Phys. Proc
On the structure of Besse convex contact spheres
Creators: name: Mazzucchelli, Marco
name: Radeschi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D10, 58E05

description: We consider convex contact spheres $Y$ all of whose Reeb orbits are closed. Any such $Y$ admits a stratification by the periods of closed Reeb orbits. We show that $Y$ "resembles" a contact ellipsoid: any stratum of $Y$ is an integral homology sphere, and the sequence of Ekeland-Hofer spectral invariants of $Y$ coincides with the full sequence of action values, each one repeated according to its multiplicity.
description: 29 pages; final version: we added a reference to Ustilovsky's construction of exotic Besse contact spheres. To appear in Trans. Amer. Math. Soc
Implementation of PHQ-9 Depression Screening for HIV-Infected Patients in a Real-World Setting
Creators: name: Gaynes, Bradley N.
name: Modi, Riddhi
name: Zinski, Anne
name: Heine, Amy
name: Edwards, Malaika
name: Bess, Kiana
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Quinlivan, Evelyn Byrd
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The prevalence of depression is 20%-30% for people living with HIV, and while it is associated with poorer adherence to antiretrovirals, it is often unrecognized by medical providers. Although it has been challenging for some health care settings to develop consistent depression screening mechanisms, it is feasible to create screening protocols using the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Establishing a depression screening and response protocol is an iterative process that involves preparing staff, determining screening frequency, and developing procedures for response and appropriate medical record documentation. While there are multiple issues and potential challenges during implementation, it is possible to incorporate systematic depression screening into HIV primary care in a manner that achieves staff buy-in, minimizes patient burden, streamlines communication, and efficiently uses the resources available in the medical setting.
title: Aseptic proximal loosening in total hip arthroplasty: root cause analysis and reflection on practice
Creators: name: Dalili, Danoob
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Congenital
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Decision analysis
subject: PET-MR
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Extremities
subject: Anatomy

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Osteointegration of "Uncemented Femoral Stem" depends on good press fit fixation with minimal micro-motion allowing bony on-growth or ingrowth for mechanical stability. Fixation surface provide transitional stress transfer from the proximal femur to...
Accurate nonrelativistic ground-state energies of 3d transition metal atoms
Creators: name: Scemama, A.
name: Applencourt, T.
name: Giner, E.
name: Caffarel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present accurate nonrelativistic ground-state energies of the transition metal atoms of the 3d series calculated with Fixed-Node Diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC). Selected multi-determinantal expansions obtained with the CIPSI method (Configuration Interaction using a Perturbative Selection made Iteratively) and including the most prominent determinants of the full CI expansion are used as trial wavefunctions. Using a maximum of a few tens of thousands determinants, fixed-node errors on total DMC energies are found to be greatly reduced for some atoms with respect to those obtained with Hartree-Fock nodes. The FN-DMC/(CIPSI nodes) ground-state energies presented here are, to the best of our knowledge, the most accurate values reported so far. Thanks to the variational property of FN-DMC total energies, the results also provide lower bounds for the absolute value of all-electron correlation energies, $|E_c|$.
description: 5 pages, 3 tables
“I Should Know Better”: The Roles of Relationships, Spirituality, Disclosure, Stigma, and Shame for Older Women Living With HIV Seeking Support in the South
Creators: name: Dennis, Alexis C.
name: Abernethy, Melinda G.
name: Grodensky, Catherine A.
name: Mamo, Meheret
name: Jones, Chaunetta
name: Golin, Carol E.
name: Patterson, Kristine B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The population of older people living with HIV in the United States is growing. Little is known about specific challenges older HIV-infected women face in coping with the disease and its attendant stressors. To understand these issues for older women, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 women (13 African American, 2 Caucasian) 50 years of age and older (range 50–79) in HIV care in the Southeastern United States, and coded transcripts for salient themes. Many women felt isolated and inhibited from seeking social connection due to reluctance to disclose their HIV status, which they viewed as more shameful at their older ages. Those receiving social support did so mainly through relationships with family and friends, rather than romantic relationships. Spirituality provided great support for all participants, although fear of disclosure led several to restrict connections with a church community. Community-level stigma-reduction programs may help older HIV-infected women receive support.
title: Myositis: a diagnostic pathway from a muscular diseases specialist unit
Creators: name: Dalili, Danoob
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biological effects
subject: Athletic injuries
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Decision analysis
subject: Computer Applications-Detection, diagnosis
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT-Quantitative
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Extremities
subject: Inflammation

description: Purpose Methods and Materials Results Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Purpose: Skeletal myositis is a rare condition. It presents with muscle aches and pains, progressive weakness and raised serum creatinine levels. Implications can be debilitating and include renal failure, recurrent falls, declining independence...
On the relation of host properties and environment of AGN galaxies across the standard optical diagnostic diagram
Creators: name: Perez, Noelia
name: Coldwell, Georgina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the host properties and environment of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) galaxies, taken from SDSS-DR12, across the $\text{[O III]}/\text{H}β$ vs $\text{[N II]}/\text{H}α$ diagnostic diagram. We select AGN subsamples defined as parallel and perpendicular to the star-forming locus on the BPT diagram based on the Kauffmann et al. and Schawinski et al. criteria. For parallel subsamples we find that AGN host properties exhibit a morphological evolution as they become more distant to the star-forming sequence. The local density environment shows a more evident morphology-density relationship for subsamples mainly formed by Composite and Spiral galaxies than those containing LINERs and Seyferts, where the AGN emission is the dominant source. We also analyse the properties of the five closest AGN neighbours observing no significant differences in the environment, although the AGN host properties of every subsample have noticeable variations. The AGNs belonging to perpendicular subsamples show clear differences on their host properties from left top to right bottom on the diagram. However, the analysis of the local density environment do not reflect strong dependency with the host AGN properties. This result is reinforced by the characteristics of the AGN neighbouring galaxies. These findings suggest that mixed AGN/star-forming galaxies present environmental features more similar to that of non-active galaxies. However, as AGNs at the centre of the more evolved galaxies become the dominant source, the environment tends to provide suitable conditions for the central black hole feeding with an increasing content of gas and likelihood of a higher merger rate.
D-instantons, String Field Theory and Two Dimensional String Theory
Creators: name: Sen, Ashoke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In arXiv:1907.07688 Balthazar, Rodriguez and Yin (BRY) computed the one instanton contribution to the two point scattering amplitude in two dimensional string theory to first subleading order in the string coupling. Their analysis left undetermined two constants due to divergences in the integration over world-sheet variables, but they were fixed by numerically comparing the result with that of the dual matrix model. If we consider n-point scattering amplitudes to the same order, there are actually four undetermined constants in the world-sheet approach. We show that using string field theory we can get finite unambiguous values of all of these constants, and we explicitly compute three of these four constants. Two of the three constants determined this way agree with the numerical result of BRY within the accuracy of numerical analysis, but the third constant seems to differ by 1/2. We also discuss a shortcut to determining the fourth constant if we assume the equality of the quantum corrected D-instanton action and the action of the matrix model instanton. This also agrees with the numerical result of BRY. Note added: The apparent discrepancy in the third constant has been resolved in arXiv:2210.11473.
description: LaTeX file, 100 pages, This paper reports an apparent mismatch between string theory and matrix model results, hoping that someone will find an error; v2: The apparent mismatch has been resolved in arXiv:2210.11473
Self-assessment and career choices: an on-line resource for the university of Salerno
Creators: name: Amendola, Alessandra
name: Vitale, Maria Prosperina
Publisher: name: Universita' degli Studi di Salerno
Year: 2004
Subjects: Self-Assessment
Career Choices
Ordinal Data
Multivariate Data Analysis

description: Aim of this paper is to examine the different factors that might influence high school students in their choice of a University degree program and the relationship with occupational interests. In this framework, an on-line questionnaire, “The Self-Assessment and Career Choices scale”, has been proposed for the University of Salerno as a service offered by the orientation office in order to investigate the career decision process. In the following, a brief description of the scale is given, along with the main results of the exploratory analysis performed on the data collected during the first year of implementation of the scale on the web.
“You're in a World of Chaos”: Experiences Accessing HIV Care and Adhering to Medications After Incarceration
Creators: name: Golin, Carol E.
name: Gould, Michele
name: Dennis, Alexis C.
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Wohl, David
name: Hino, Sayaka
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Most HIV-infected inmates leave prison with a suppressed viral load; many, however, become disconnected from care and non-adherent to medications during reentry to community life. In this secondary data analysis of focus groups (N = 6) and in-depth interviews (N = 9) with 46 formerly incarcerated HIV-infected people during reentry, we used an inductive analytic approach to explore the interplay between individual, interpersonal, community, and structural factors and HIV management. Participants described barriers and facilitators to care engagement and adherence at each of these 4 levels, as well as a milieu of HIV and incarceration-related stigma and discrimination. The constellation of barriers and facilitators created competing demands and a sense of chaos in participants’ lives, which led them to address reentry-related basic needs (e.g., housing, food) before health care needs. Interventions that simultaneously address multiple levels, including augmenting employment and housing opportunities, enhancing social support, and reducing stigma, are needed.
Provider Perspectives Regarding the Health Care Needs of a Key Population: HIV-infected Prisoners After Incarceration
Creators: name: Knight, Kevin
name: Wohl, David
name: Fogel, Cathie
name: Sidibe, Turquoise
name: Golin, Carol
name: Turner, Kea
name: Gould, Michele
name: Flynn, Patrick
name: Fray, Niasha
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: During incarceration, many HIV-infected prisoners receive care and are adherent to medication. However, following release, many have difficulty engaging in HIV care and remaining on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Community-based service providers for HIV-infected releasees have a deep understanding of the health needs and challenges these individuals face on community re-entry. We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 38 health care and service professionals in 2 U.S. southern states regarding the barriers releasees faced in meeting their health needs, including HIV care and treatment post-release. Individual, community, and organization-level barriers to HIV care and treatment adherence post-release were identified and offered unique insight into the ways that these multi-level obstacles affect HIV-infected former prisoners’ abilities to engage in care and access necessary social services. Provider perspectives should be considered when designing interventions to support HIV care after release.
Reducing the reflection error of PML absorbing boundary conditions within a generalized Maxwell-Bloch framework
Creators: name: Popp, Johannes
name: Seitner, Lukas
name: Haider, Michael
name: Jirauschek, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a full-wave numerical Maxwell-Bloch simulation tool including perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions. To avoid detrimental reflection errors at the boundary of the simulation domain, an adapted PML model is introduced, which takes into account impedance mismatch effects arising from the internal quantum system. For the numerical validation of the modified PML model the simulation tool is applied to the active gain medium of a terahertz quantum cascade laser (QCL) structure. Improved absorbing characteristics for the truncation of active gain media in our Maxwell-Bloch simulation approach are obtained.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted at URSI AT-AP-RASC, Gran Canaria, 29 May - 3 June 2022
title: The Magnificent 7: Multiparametric imaging patterns of bone marrow metastases
Creators: name: Dalili, Danoob
Publisher: name: European Society of Muscoskeletal Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Biological effects
subject: Molecular imaging
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Musculoskeletal bone

description: Learning objectives Background Imaging findings OR Procedure Details Conclusion References Personal Information
description: Learning objectives: To understand the biologic mechanisms responsible for osteoblastic and osteolytic malignant lesions To subclassify metastatic bone disease according to appearances on MRI/Bone Scan (BS)/CT scans and demonstrate that patterns reflect underlying...
Probing the Role of the Eighth Bacteriochlorophyll in holo-FMO Complex by Simulated Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yeh, Shu-Hao
name: Kais, Sabre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fenna-Matthews-Olson (FMO) protein-pigment complex acts as a molecular wire between the outer antenna system and the reaction center (RC); it is an important model system to study the excitonic energy transfer. Recent crystallographic studies report the existence of an additional (eighth) bacteriochlorophyll a (BChl a). To understand the functionality of this eighth BChl, we simulated the two-dimensional electronic spectra of both the 7-site (apo form) and the 8-site (holo form) variant of the FMO complex from green sulfur bacteria, Prosthecochloris aestuarii. By comparing the difference between the spectrum, it was found that the eighth BChl can affect two different excitonic energy transfer pathways, these being: (1) directly involve in the first pathway 6 $\rightarrow$ 3 $\rightarrow$ 1 of the apo form model by passing the excitonic energy to exciton 6; and (2) increase the excitonic wave function overlap between excitons 4 and 5 in the second pathway (7 $\rightarrow$ 4,5 $\rightarrow$ 2 $\rightarrow$ 1) and thus increase the possible downward sampling routes across the BChls.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables
Effective Homology of the Pushout of Simplicial Sets
Creators: name: Heras, Jónathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, an algorithm building the effective homology version of the pushout of the simplicial morphisms $f:X\rightarrow Y$ and $g:X\rightarrow Z$, where $X,Y$ and $Z$ are simplicial sets with effective homology is presented.
The Lehrplan 21 – Politics and History
Creators: name: Amsler, Christian
Publisher: name: C. Amsler, The Lehrplan 21 – Politics and History, «Public history weekly», 1, 2013, n. 9
Year: 2013

description: It is causing a stir among the wider public up and down the country. Currently subject to consultation, the much-debated and much-anticipated new curriculum (“Lehrplan 21”) serves to implement the mandate of the Swiss Constitution to harmonise educational objectives on all school levels.
description: Er bewegt die Gemüter einer breiten Öffentlichkeit landauf und landab. Derzeit steckt er in der Konsultation. Der vieldiskutierte und heiß erwartete Lehrplan 21 dient der Umsetzung des Auftrags der Schweizer Bundesverfassung zur Harmonisierung der Ziele der Bildungsstufen.
A Structural Theorem for Sets With Few Triangles
Creators: name: Mansfield, Sam
name: Passant, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C10

description: We show that if a finite point set $P\subseteq \mathbb{R}^2$ has the fewest congruence classes of triangles possible, up to a constant $M$, then at least one of the following holds. (1) There is a $σ>0$ and a line $l$ which contains $Ω(|P|^σ)$ points of $P$. Further, a positive proportion of $P$ is covered by lines parallel to $l$ each containing $Ω(|P|^σ)$ points of $P$. (2) There is a circle $γ$ which contains a positive proportion of $P$. This provides evidence for two conjectures of Erdős. We use the result of Petridis-Roche-Newton-Rudnev-Warren on the structure of the affine group combined with classical results from additive combinatorics.
description: 18 pages, refereed version
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION OF UNTREATED HYPERTENSION
Creators: name: Blumenthal, James A.
name: Hinderliter, Alan L.
name: Routledge, Faye S.
name: Sherwood, Andrew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Vascular endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased risk for adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. However, less is known about sex differences in the endothelial function of untreated hypertensive individuals. The purpose of this study was to assess endothelial function in women and men with untreated hypertension. Ninety participants (35 women, 55 men), aged 40 to 60 years (mean age, 46.1±8.2 years), with untreated stage 1 hypertension (systolic blood pressure 140-159 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure 90-99 mm Hg) underwent brachial artery endothelial-dependent flow-mediated dilation and endothelial-independent glyceryl trinitrate dilation. Women had a smaller flow-mediated dilation response than men (adjusted mean±standard error of the mean [SEM]; 1.8±0.6% vs 3.9±0.4%, P=.036), adjusting for baseline arterial diameter (P=.004), age (P=.596), ethnicity (P=.496), log shear stress ratio (P<.001), body mass index (P=.009), 24-hour diastolic blood pressure (P=.169), high-density lipoprotein (P=.225), log creatinine (P=.927), and log physical activity (P=.682). Glyceryl trinitrate dilation did not differ by sex in adjusted models. Women between the ages of 40 and 60 years with untreated stage 1 hypertension exhibited a greater impairment of endothelial function compared with their male counterparts. These findings raise the possibility that female sex may impart a greater risk of CV events in patients with untreated stage 1 hypertension potentially due to poorer endothelial function.
Infinite critical boson non-Fermi liquid
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao-Tian
name: Chen, Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a distinct type of non-Fermi liquid where there exists an infinite number of critical bosonic modes instead of a finite number of bosonic modes for the conventional ones. We consider itinerant magnets with both conduction electrons and fluctuating magnetic moments in three dimensions. With the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, the moments fluctuate near a boson surface in the reciprocal space at low energies when the system approaches an ordering transition. The infinite number of critical modes on the boson surface strongly scatter the gapless electrons on the Fermi surface and convert the metallic sector into a non-Fermi liquid. We explain the physical properties of this non-Fermi liquid. On the ordered side, a conventional non-Fermi liquid emerges due to the scattering by the gapless Goldstone mode from the spontaneous breaking of the global rotational symmetry. We discuss the general structure of the phase diagram in the vicinity of the quantum phase transition and clarify various crossover behaviors.
description: 7+9 pages, 3+2 figures. This work was presented at CEVIS2020 meeting (https://youtu.be/KDh_6_2x6uo) in Aug2020 and KITP in Oct2020
PRIVIC: A privacy-preserving method for incremental collection of location data
Creators: name: Biswas, Sayan
name: Palamidessi, Catuscia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: With recent advancements in technology, the threats of privacy violations of individuals' sensitive data are surging. Location data, in particular, have been shown to carry a substantial amount of sensitive information. A standard method to mitigate the privacy risks for location data consists in adding noise to the true values to achieve geo-indistinguishability (geo-ind). However, geo-ind alone is not sufficient to cover all privacy concerns. In particular, isolated locations are not sufficiently protected by the state-of-the-art Laplace mechanism (LAP) for geo-ind. In this paper, we focus on a mechanism based on the Blahut-Arimoto algorithm (BA) from the rate-distortion theory. We show that BA, in addition to providing geo-ind, enforces an elastic metric that mitigates the problem of isolation. Furthermore, BA provides an optimal trade-off between information leakage and quality of service. We then proceed to study the utility of BA in terms of the statistics that can be derived from the reported data, focusing on the inference of the original distribution. To this purpose, we de-noise the reported data by applying the iterative Bayesian update (IBU), an instance of the expectation-maximization method. It turns out that BA and IBU are dual to each other, and as a result, they work well together, in the sense that the statistical utility of BA is quite good and better than LAP for high privacy levels. Exploiting these properties of BA and IBU, we propose an iterative method, PRIVIC, for a privacy-friendly incremental collection of location data from users by service providers. We illustrate the soundness and functionality of our method both analytically and with experiments.
Universal Gaussian Quantization with Side Information using Polar Lattices
Creators: name: Jha, Shubham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider universal quantization with side information for Gaussian observations, where the side information is a noisy version of the sender's observation with noise variance unknown to the sender. In this paper, we propose a universally rate optimal and practical quantization scheme for all values of unknown noise variance. Our scheme uses Polar lattices from prior work, and proceeds based on a structural decomposition of the underlying auxiliaries so that even when recovery fails in a round, the parties agree on a common "reference point" that is closer than the previous one. We also present the finite blocklength analysis showing an sub-exponential convergence for distortion and exponential convergence for rate. The overall complexity of our scheme is $O(N^2\log^2 N)$ for any target distortion and fixed rate larger than the rate-distortion bound.
description: Accepted version to IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory - Special Issue on Modern Compression. Minor changes to previous version
A comparison of ratio and interval reinforcement schedules with comparable interreinforcement times
Creators: name: Eckerman, David A.
name: Capehart, George W.
name: Shull, Richard L.
name: Guilkey, Marilyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: Pigeons were trained to peck keys on fixed-ratio and fixed-interval schedules of food reinforcement. Both schedules produced a pattern of behavior characterized as pause and run, but the relation of pausing to time between reinforcers differed for the two schedules even when mean time between reinforcers was the same. Pausing in the fixed ratio occupied less of the time between reinforcers for shorter interreinforcer times. For two of three birds, the relation was reversed at longer interreinforcer times. As an interreinforcer time elapsed, there was an increasing tendency to return to responding for the fixed interval, but a roughly constant tendency to return to responding for the fixed-ratio schedule. In Experiment 1 these observations were made for both single-reinforcement schedules and multiple schedules of fixed-ratio and fixed-interval reinforcement. In Experiment 2 the observations were extended to a comparison of fixed-ratio versus variable-interval reinforcement schedules, where the distribution of interreinforcement times in the variable interval approximated that for the fixed ratio.
Observational characteristics of radiation-mediated shocks in photospheric gamma-ray burst emission
Creators: name: Samuelsson, Filip
name: Ryde, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emission from the photosphere in gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets can be substantially affected by subphotospheric energy dissipation, which is typically caused by radiation-mediated shocks (RMSs). We study the observational characteristics of such emission, in particular the spectral signatures. Relevant shock initial conditions are estimated using a simple internal collision framework, which then serve as inputs for an RMS model that generates synthetic photospheric spectra. Within this framework, we find that if the free fireball acceleration starts at $r_0 \sim 10^{10}~$cm, in agreement with hydrodynamical simulations, then the typical spectrum consists of a broad, soft power-law segment with a cutoff at high energies and a hardening in X-rays. The synthetic spectra are generally well fitted with a standard cutoff power-law (CPL) function, as the hardening in X-rays is commonly outside the observable energy range of current detectors. The CPL-fits yield values for the low-energy index, $α$, and the peak energy, $E_{\rm peak}$, that are centered around $\sim -0.8$ and $\sim 220~$keV, respectively, similar to typical observed values. We also identify a non-negligible parameter region for what we call ``optically shallow shocks'': shocks that do not accumulate enough scatterings to reach a steady-state spectrum before decoupling and thereby produce more complex spectra. These occur for optical depths $τ\lesssim 55 \, u_u^{-2}$, where $u_u = γ_uβ_u$ is the dimensionless specific momentum of the upstream as measured in the shock rest frame.
description: Manuscript accepted by ApJ. Updated to match accepted version
From narrow-gap and semimagnetic semiconductors to spintronics and topological matter: a life with spins
Creators: name: Dietl, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The abundance of semiconductors in our smartphones, computers, fiber optic junctions, cars, light sources, photovoltaic and thermoelectric cells results from the possibilities of controlling their properties through doping, lighting, and applying various fields. This paper, a part of the volume celebrating 100 years of the Polish Physical Society, presents a biased selection of worthwhile results obtained by researchers at the Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences relevant, as seen today, to topological matter and spintronics. Comprehensive studies, combining materials development, experimental investigations, and theoretical description of narrow-gap and dilute-magnetic semiconductors have been especially significant in this context. This survey also emphasizes, in an autobiographical tone, a half of a century of the author's intellectual emotions accompanying the rise of ideas and quantitative theories, allowing identifying the physics behind ongoing and future observations.
description: version 3 is updated by recent results
Anomaly Detection in Echocardiograms with Dynamic Variational Trajectory Models
Creators: name: Ryser, Alain
name: Manduchi, Laura
name: Laumer, Fabian
name: Michel, Holger
name: Wellmann, Sven
name: Vogt, Julia E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel anomaly detection method for echocardiogram videos. The introduced method takes advantage of the periodic nature of the heart cycle to learn three variants of a variational latent trajectory model (TVAE). While the first two variants (TVAE-C and TVAE-R) model strict periodic movements of the heart, the third (TVAE-S) is more general and allows shifts in the spatial representation throughout the video. All models are trained on the healthy samples of a novel in-house dataset of infant echocardiogram videos consisting of multiple chamber views to learn a normative prior of the healthy population. During inference, maximum a posteriori (MAP) based anomaly detection is performed to detect out-of-distribution samples in our dataset. The proposed method reliably identifies severe congenital heart defects, such as Ebstein's Anomaly or Shone-complex. Moreover, it achieves superior performance over MAP-based anomaly detection with standard variational autoencoders when detecting pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dilation. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed method enables interpretable explanations of its output through heatmaps highlighting the regions corresponding to anomalous heart structures.
Situated teacher learning as externalising and mobilising teachers’ tacit knowledge through talk in a language teacher professional community
Creators: name: Liu, Yongcan
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018

description: This paper reports on a study that looks at the micro-processes of teacher learning in a language teacher professional community in China. Following the tradition of ethnomethodology, teacher learning in this paper is conceptualised as interactional accomplishment of negotiation of practice through talk. Based on a purposively selected discourse sample, this paper illustrates the trajectory of how the differences in the understandings of creativity among a small group of language teacher educators (or ‘teachers’ thereafter) were taken up, talked through and finally resolved (or not). The research demonstrates that teachers’ tacit knowledge was distributed among individual members of the professional community where different pedagogical understandings existed. The micro-analysis also shows that teachers’ talk created a dialogic space for the participants to externalise and mobilise their tacit knowledge for negotiation. Implications are drawn which point to the importance of creating opportunities for teacher collaboration and teacher talk as part of professional development.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: metallicity of the Chamaeleon I star forming region
Creators: name: Spina, L.
name: Randich, S.
name: Palla, F.
name: Biazzo, K.
name: Sacco, G. G.
name: Alfaro, E. J.
name: Franciosini, E.
name: Magrini, L.
name: Morbidelli, L.
name: Frasca, A.
name: Adibekyan, V.
name: Delgado-Mena, E.
name: Sousa, S. G.
name: Hernandez, J. I. Gonzalez
name: Montes, D.
name: Tabernero, H.
name: Tautvaisiene, G.
name: Bonito, R.
name: Lanzafame, A. C.
name: Gilmore, G.
name: Jeffries, R. D.
name: Vallenari, A.
name: Bensby, T.
name: Bragaglia, A.
name: Flaccomio, E.
name: Korn, A. J.
name: Pancino, E.
name: Recio-Blanco, A.
name: Smiljanic, R.
name: Bergemann, M.
name: Costado, M. T.
name: Damiani, F.
name: Hill, V.
name: Hourihane, A.
name: Jofre, P.
name: de Laverny, P.
name: Lardo, C.
name: Masseron, T.
name: Prisinzano, L.
name: Worley, C. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85A04

description: Context. Recent metallicity determinations in young open clusters and star-forming regions suggest that the latter may be characterized by a slightly lower metallicity than the Sun and older clusters in the solar vicinity. However, these results are based on small statistics and inhomogeneous analyses. The Gaia-ESO Survey is observing and homogeneously analyzing large samples of stars in several young clusters and star-forming regions, hence allowing us to further investigate this issue. Aims. We present a new metallicity determination of the Chamaeleon I star-forming region, based on the products distributed in the first internal release of the Gaia-ESO Survey. Methods. 48 candidate members of Chamaeleon I have been observed with the high-resolution spectrograph UVES. We use the surface gravity, lithium line equivalent width and position in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to confirm the cluster members and we use the iron abundance to derive the mean metallicity of the region. Results. Out of the 48 targets, we confirm 15 high probability members. Considering the metallicity measurements for 9 of them, we find that the iron abundance of Chamaeleon I is slightly subsolar with a mean value [Fe/H]=-0.08+/-0.04 dex. This result is in agreement with the metallicity determination of other nearby star-forming regions and suggests that the chemical pattern of the youngest stars in the solar neighborhood is indeed more metal-poor than the Sun. We argue that this evidence may be related to the chemical distribution of the Gould Belt that contains most of the nearby star-forming regions and young clusters.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Conditional acceleration and external disinhibition of operant lever pressing by prereward, neutral, and reinforcing stimuli
Creators: name: Rubinsky, Hillel J.
name: Hemmes, Nancy S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1982

description: Rats responding under a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate schedule increased their rates of lever pressing during a 20-second click/flash stimulus that preceded the delivery of a response-independent food pellet. The increase could not be attributed to suppression of collateral behavior that has been said to mediate temporally-spaced responding. We propose that the prereward stimulus functioned as an external disinhibitor of lever pressing that had been inhibited by the constraints of the operant schedule. Support is derived from the observed disinhibitory effects of a 10-second unpaired click/flash stimulus and of unsignaled, response-independent pellets that were presented while the animals were responding under the same schedule.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Manipulation of Social Distance
Creators: name: Ask, Karl
name: Calderon, Sofia
name: Luke, Timothy
name: Mac Giolla, Erik
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: A pretest to evaluate the effectiveness of a manipulation of social distance for use in future experiments.