Craterium leucocephalum Ditmar 1813
Creators: name: Treviño-Zevallos, Italo
name: García-Cunchillos, Iván
name: Basanta, Diana Wrigley De
name: Lado, Carlos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Protozoa
Mycetozoa
Myxomycetes
Physarales
Physaraceae
Craterium
Craterium leucocephalum

description: 31. Craterium leucocephalum (Pers. ex J.F. Gmel.) Ditmar, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., Abt. 3, Die Pilze Deutschlands 1(1): 21 (1813)   
 Specimens examined. PERU. Ancash: Huaraz, Abra Punta Callán, route PE-14, km 113, 4233 m, 9º32′48.4”S, 77º37′11.4”W, 17 Apr 2013, living and dead branches of Baccharis sp., Lado 22731 (MA-Fungi 94985, USM). Cajamarquilla, 4233 m, 9º40′24.5”S, 77º41′46.0”W, 22 Apr 2013, leaves of Puya raimondii, Lado 23070 (MA-Fungi 95234, USM), Lado 23072 (MA-Fungi 95236), Lado 23073 (MA-Fungi 95237). Pira, Abra Punta Challan, route AN-112 towards Ocros, km 1, 4300 m, 9º33′21”S, 77º37′12”W, 9 May 2018, debris of Austrocylindropuntia floccosa, Lado 26095 (MA-Fungi 96900, USM). Huari, Chavín de Huantar, route AN-110, km 51, 3766 m, 9º40′12”S, 77º11′59”W, 11 May 2018, leaves of Cortaderia jubata, Lado 26373 (MA-Fungi 97162), Lado 26374 (MA-Fungi 97163). Huantar, Anyanga, 7 km north of Huantar, 3035 m, 9º25′43”S, 77º11′17”W, 13 May 2018, bark and phyllodes of Eucalyptus globulus, Lado 26540 (MA-Fungi 97319), Lado 26541 (MA-Fungi 97320). Apurimac: Abancay, Curahuasi, detour to Choquequirao, Saywite, route PE-3S, Km 818, 3725 m, 13º32′19”S, 72º48′08”W, 21 Apr 2016, leaves and twigs of Baccharis sp., Lado 24604b (MA-Fungi 95881), Lado 24605 (MA-Fungi 95882, USM). Arequipa: Arequipa, Chiguata, Miraflores, 3272 m, 16°22′41”S, 71°21′20”W, 6 May 2017, on leaves debris of Cortaderia jubata, Treviño Myx 45 (MA-Fungi 97916, HSP). Pocsi, 33 Km northeast of Polobaya, 3151 m, 16°32′52”S, 71°20′39”W, 13 May 2017, on leaf litter, leaves and dry trunks, Treviño Myx 59 (MA-Fungi 97918, HSP). Caylloma, Cabanaconde, Colca Valley, Tapay viewpoint, ctra. PE-1SE, 8 km east of Cabanaconde, 3740 m, 15º36′38.4”S, 71º53′25.4”W, 9 Oct 2012, twigs, Lado 22264b (MA-Fungi 94803, USM). Ayacucho: Huamanga, Quinua, route PE-28B, km 30, Quinua, 3785 m, 13º00′45”S, 74º07′25”W, 9 Oct 2012, leaves of Puya sp., Lado 24884 (MA-Fungi 96087, USM). Vinchos, route PE-28B, km 296, Casacancha, 4 km north of Arizona, 3451 m, 13º17′39”S, 74º19′29”W, 23 Apr 2017, leaves of Cortaderia jubata, Lado 25052 (MA-Fungi 96238), Lado 25055 (MA-Fungi 96241), Lado 25056 (MA-Fungi 96242), Lado 25058 (MA-Fungi 96244, USM). La Mar, Tambo, route PE-28B, km 40, Tambo, Apacheta lagoon, 4150 m, 12º58′03”S, 74º05′38”W, 20 Apr 2017, debris of Austrocylindropuntia floccosa, Lado 24834 (MA-Fungi 96040). Cusco: Anta, Chinchaypujio, Parccotica, Chinchipuya, Km 8,650, 3608 m, 13º34′07”S, 72º14′27”W, 17 Apr 2016, leaves of Alnus acuminata, Lado 24425 (MA-Fungi 95764). Canchis, Marangani, Aguas Calientes, route PE-3S, Km 1137, 4057 m, 14º27′01”S, 71º04′36”W, 22 Apr 2016, leaves of Puya sp., Lado 24631 (MA-Fungi 95902), Lado 24635 (MA-Fungi 95906, USM), leaves of Baccharis sp., Lado 24642 (MA-Fungi 95910). Espinar, Ocouro, route PE-42J, km 108, 4253 m, 15º01′25”S, 71º17′36”W, 13 Apr 2016, leaf of Festuca sp., Lado 24256 (MA-Fungi 95600), Lado 24257 (MA-Fungi 95601), Lado 24258 (MA-Fungi 95602), Lado 24259 (MA-Fungi 95603), stems of Festuca sp., Lado 24262 (MA-Fungi 95606). Pichigua, Yauri, km 7, 3927 m, 14º44′48”S, 71º21′55”W, 13 Apr 2016, leaves and stems of Festuca orthophylla, Lado 24684b (MA-Fungi 95950). Huancavelica: Angaraes, Lircay, route PE-26B, km 60, Lircay, 4001 m, 12º57′45”S, 74º44′22”W, 24 Apr 2017, leaves of grasses, Lado 25162 (MA-Fungi 96348), Lado 25165 (MA-Fungi 96350), Lado 25166 (MA-Fungi 96351). Huaytara, Pilpichaca, route PE-28A, km 208, 10 km west of Licapa, 4020 m, 13º24′18”S, 74º53′54”W, 24 Apr 2017, leaves of Puya raimondii, Lado 25107 (MAFungi 96295), Lado 25108 (MA-Fungi 96296), Lado 25109 (MA-Fungi 96297), Lado 25110 (MA-Fungi 96298), Lado 25111 (MA-Fungi 96299). Huaytara, Huaytara, route PE-28A, km 120, Jatunhuatas bridge, 3119 m, 13º36′27”S, 75º19′38”W, 19 Apr 2017, leaf of Puya sp., Lado 24789 (MA-Fungi 95995), leaves of Puya sp., Lado 24792 (MAFungi 95998), Lado 24793 (MA-Fungi 95999). Tayacaja, Ñahuimpuquio, route PE-3S, km 160, Acostambo, Imperial, 3700 m, 12º19′22”S, 75º04′37”W, 25 Apr 2017, leaves of Puya sp., Lado 25263 (MA-Fungi 96421), Lado 25277 (MA-Fungi 96437). Acraquia, route PE-3SD, km 30, 6 km northeast of Pampas, 3608 m, 12º22′40”S, 74º54′27”W, 26 Apr 2017, bryophytes and ferns (Blechnum sp.), Lado 25298 (MA-Fungi 96456, USM), leaves of fern (Blechnum sp.), Lado 25302 (MA-Fungi 96460), frond of fern (Blechnum sp.), Lado 25307 (MA-Fungi 96465). Junin: Concepción, Chambara, route PE-24, km 249, 8 km west of Roncha, 3465 m, 11º59′49”S, 75º28′22”W, 28 Apr 2017, bryophytes, Lado 25522 (MA-Fungi 96680), stems, Lado 25523 (MA-Fungi 96681). Junin, Junin, route PE-3N, km 67, Huayre, Chinchaycocha lake, 4061 m, 11º02′48”S, 75º59′52”W, 28 Apr 2017, leaves of Jarava ichu (grass), Lado 25623 (MAFungi 96777, USM), Lado 25624 (MA-Fungi 96778), Lado 25630a (MA-Fungi 96783). Tarma, Tarma, route PE-22B, km 20, Cochas Bajo, 3573 m, 11º25′35”S, 75º45′58”W, 30 Apr 2017, leaves of Jarava ichu (grass), Lado 25604 (MAFungi 96758). La Unión, route PE-3N, km 30, Palcamayo, 4050 m, 11º20′07”S, 75º53′17”W, 30 Apr 2017, leaves of Jarava ichu (grass), Lado 25608 (MA-Fungi 96763), Lado 25611 (MA-Fungi 96766), Lado 25612 (MA-Fungi 96767), Lado 25613 (MA-Fungi 96768), Lado 25614 (MA-Fungi 96769), Lado 25615 (MA-Fungi 96770), Lado 25616b (MA-Fungi 96772). Yauli, La Oroya route PE-3S, km 20, Huari, 3596 m, 11º37′49”S, 75º49′07”W, 29 Apr 2017, leaves of grasses, Lado 25580 (MA-Fungi 96736). Paccha, La Oroya, route PE-3N, km 6, 6 km north of La Oroya, 3706 m, 11º29′29”S, 75º56′36”W, 1 May 2017, leaves of Cortaderia jubata, Lado 25690 (MA-Fungi 96848), twigs, Lado 25713 (MA-Fungi 96866). Lima: Huarochiri, Chicla, Casapalca, Abra Anticona, route PE-22, km 130, 4761 m, 11º36′19”S, 76º11′42”W, 1 May 2017, leaves of grass, Lado 25738 (MA-Fungi 96889). Puno: Lampa, Santa Lucía, Lagunillas, Puente Cañuma, route PE-34A, km 208, 4190 m, 15º41′36.3”S, 70º48′50.3”W, 1 May 2017, leaves of grass, Lado 22218b (MA-Fungi 94764). Paucarcolla, Titicaca lake, at the junction to Atuncolla, route PE-3S, km 1337, 3836 m, 15º40′58.3”S, 70º04′18.7”W, 8 Oct 2012, leaves of Stipa ichu, Lado 22206 (MA-Fungi 94752).   
 Notes. The Peruvian specimens matched the typical form of the species. However, there is a predominance of sporophores with ovoid sporothecae, whitish in the upper portion and brownish below, and with spores 7–9 µm in diameter. There are fewer sporophores with globose sporothecae and spores 9–10 in µm diameter.
description: Published as part of Treviño-Zevallos, Italo, García-Cunchillos, Iván, Basanta, Diana Wrigley De & Lado, Carlos, 2023, Diversity of Myxomycetes from Peru Part III: The high Andes and the altiplano, pp. 1-92 in Phytotaxa 624 (1) on pages 17-18, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.624.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10150721