cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Boundary systems and (skew-)self-adjoint operators on infinite metric graphs
Creators: name: Schubert, Carsten
name: Seifert, Christian
name: Voigt, Jürgen
name: Waurick, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B25, 35Q99, 05C99

description: We generalize the notion of Lagrangian subspaces to self-orthogonal subspaces with respect to a (skew-)symmetric form, thus characterizing (skew-)self-adjoint and unitary operators by means of self-ortho-gonal subspaces. By orthogonality preserving mappings, these characterizations can be transferred to abstract boundary value spaces of (skew-)symmetric operators. Introducing the notion of boundary systems we then present a unified treatment of different versions of boundary triples and related concepts treated in the literature. The application of the abstract results yields a description of all (skew-)self-adjoint realizations of Laplace and first derivative operators on graphs.
Collapse of Polar Ice Sheets during the Stage 11 Interglacial
Creators: name: Raymo, Maureen E.
name: Mitrovica, Jerry X.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Geomorphology

description: Contentious observations of Pleistocene shoreline features on the tectonically stable islands of Bermuda and the Bahamas have suggested that sea level about 400,000 years ago was more than 20 metres higher than it is today. Geochronologic and geomorphic evidence indicates that these features formed during interglacial marine isotope stage (MIS) 11, an unusually long interval of warmth during the ice age. Previous work has advanced two divergent hypotheses for these shoreline features: first, significant melting of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, in addition to the collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Greenland Ice Sheet; or second, emplacement by a mega-tsunami during MIS 11 (ref. 4, 5). Here we show that the elevations of these features are corrected downwards by ~10 metres when we account for post-glacial crustal subsidence of these sites over the course of the anomalously long interglacial. On the basis of this correction, we estimate that eustatic sea level rose to ~6–13 m above the present-day value in the second half of MIS 11. This suggests that both the Greenland Ice Sheet and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsed during the protracted warm period while changes in the volume of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet were relatively minor, thereby resolving the long-standing controversy over the stability of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during MIS 11.
$B_c^- \to J/ψ(\to μ^+ μ^-)τ^- (\to π^- ν_τ, ρ^- ν_τ, \ell^-\barν_\ellν_τ)\barν_τ$ decays with visible final-state kinematics
Creators: name: Li, Xin-Qiang
name: Xu, Xin
name: Yang, Ya-Dong
name: Zheng, Dong-Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semitauonic $B_c^- \to J/ψτ^-\barν_τ$ decay is optimal to scrutinize possible new physics effects in $b \to c τ^- \barν_τ$ transitions as indicated by the current data on $R(D^{(*)})$ anomalies. In this work, we study the $B_c^- \to J/ψτ^-\barν_τ$ decay with both polarized $τ$ and $J/ψ$. Their subsequent decays, with $J/ψ\to μ^+ μ^-$ as well as $τ^- \to π^- ν_τ$, $τ^- \to ρ^- ν_τ$ and $τ^- \to \ell^-\barν_\ellν_τ$, are exploited to extract the energy and angular distributions of the charged final-state particles in the processes. Starting with the most general effective Hamiltonian relevant for the $b \to c τ^- \barν_τ$ transitions, including all possible Lorentz structures of the dimension-six operators with both left- and right-handed neutrinos, we first derive the five-fold differential decay rate in terms of the visible final-state kinematics. From this distribution, we then construct in total 34 normalized observables, among which nine refer to the CP-violating triple product asymmetries that vanish within the Standard Model. We also construct five new observables based on the combinations of these normalized observables that can only be attributed to the right-handed neutrinos. On the other hand, considering the low statistics of the fully differential distribution, we introduce some integrated observables with only one kinematic variable left, which are more promising to be measured due to the largely increased statistics. The sensitivities of all these observables to the different new physics scenarios are investigated in detail. Finally, assuming an ideal circumstance, we give an estimate of the statistical uncertainties of the nine CP-conserving observables at LHCb and found that $τ^-\to π^-ν_τ$ has the highest analyzing power among the three $τ$ decay channels.
description: 40 pages, 7 figures and 2 tables; SM predictions in different q2 bins added, final version published in the journal
3D particle-in-cell simulation of electron acceleration by Langmuir waves in an inhomogeneous plasma
Creators: name: Pechhacker, R.
name: Tsiklauri, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible solution to the unexplained high intensity hard x-ray (HXR) emission observable during solar flares was investigated via 3D fully relativistic, electromagnetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with realistic ion to electron mass ratio. A beam of accelerated electrons was injected into a magnetised, Maxwellian, homogeneous and inhomogeneous background plasma. The electron distribution function was unstable to the beam-plasma instability and was shown to generate Langmuir waves, while relaxing to plateau formation. In order to estimate the role of the background density gradient on an unbound (infinite spatial extent) beam, three different scenarios were investigated: a) a uniform density background; b) a weak density gradient, n_R/n_L=3; c) a strong gradient case, n_R/n_L=10, where n_R and n_L denote background electron densities on the left and right edges of the simulation box respectively. The strong gradient case produced the largest fraction of electrons beyond 15 v_th. Further, two cases (uniform and strong gradient background) with spatially localized beam injections were performed aiming to show drifts of the generated Langmuir wave wavenumbers, as suggested in previous studies. For the strong gradient case, the Langmuir wave power is shown to drift to smaller wavenumbers, as found in previous quasi-linear simulations.
Magnetic Effects and 3D Structure in Theoretical High-Resolution Transmission Spectra of Ultrahot Jupiters: the Case of WASP-76b
Creators: name: Beltz, Hayley
name: Rauscher, Emily
name: Kempton, Eliza
name: Malsky, Isaac
name: Savel, Arjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High resolution spectroscopy has allowed for unprecedented levels of atmospheric characterization, especially for the hottest gas giant exoplanets known as ultrahot Jupiters (UHJs). High-resolution spectra are sensitive to 3D effects, making complex 3D atmospheric models important for interpreting data. Moreover, these planets are expected to host magnetic fields that will shape their resulting atmospheric circulation patterns, but little modeling work has been done to investigate these effects. In this paper, we generate high-resolution transmission spectra from General Circulation Models for the canonical UHJ WASP-76b with three different magnetic treatments in order to understand the influence of magnetic forces on the circulation. In general, spectra from all models have increasingly blueshifted net Doppler shifts as transit progresses, but we find that the differing temperature and wind fields in the upper atmospheres of these models result in measurable differences. We find that magnetic effects may be contributing to the unusual trends previously seen in transmission for this planet. Our $B=3$ Gauss active drag model in particular shows unique trends not found in the models with simpler or no magnetic effects. The net Doppler shifts are additionally influenced by the dominant opacity sources in each wavelength range considered, as each species probes different regions of the atmosphere and are sensitive to spatial differences in the circulation. This work highlights the ongoing need for models of planets in this temperature regime to consider both 3D and magnetic effects when interpreting high resolution transmission spectra.
description: 12 pages,6 figures, Accepted to AJ
Tlacuatzin canescens
Creators: name: Voss, Robert S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Didelphimorphia
Didelphidae
Tlacuatzin
Tlacuatzin canescens

description: Tlacuatzin canescens (J.A. Allen, 1893) TYPE MATERIAL AND TYPE LOCALITY: AMNH 3111 /2433, the holotype by original designation, consists of the skin and skull of an adult male collected at Santo Domingo de Guzmán (16.82° N, 95.15° W; ca. 275 m) 9 on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca state, Mexico. SYNONYMS: oaxacae Merriam, 1897. DISTRIBUTION: Tlacuatzin canescens occurs on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec and in the Valley of Oaxaca; Arcangeli et al. (2018) listed examined specimens from the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. REMARKS: A very brief morphological diagnosis and tabulated measurement data were provided by Arcangeli et al. (2018), whose phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data suggested that Tlacuatzin canescens is the sister taxon of T. gaumeri. 9 Coordinates and elevation are for Santo Domingo Petapa, a synonym according to Goodwin (1969).
description: Published as part of Voss, Robert S., 2022, An Annotated Checklist Of Recent Opossums (Mammalia: Didelphidae), pp. 1-77 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2022 (455) on page 30, DOI: 10.1206/0003-0090.455.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/7161371
description: {"references": ["Arcangeli, J., J. E. Light, and F. A. Cervantes. 2018. Molecular and morphological evidence of the diversification in the gray mouse opossum, Tlacuatzin canescens (Didelphimorphia), with description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy 99: 138 - 158.", "Goodwin, G. G. 1969. Mammals from the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the American Museum of Natural History. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 141 (1): 1 - 269, 40 pls."]}
Graphene-based topological insulator with an intrinsic bulk band gap above room temperature
Creators: name: Kou, Liangzhi
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Hu, Feiming
name: Wu, Shu-Chun
name: Wehling, Tim O.
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Chen, Changfeng
name: Frauenheim, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators (TIs) represent a new quantum state of matter characterized by robust gapless states inside the insulating bulk gap. The metallic edge states of a two-dimensional (2D) TI, known as quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, are immune to backscattering and carry fully spin-polarized dissipationless currents. However, existing 2D TIs realized in HgTe and InAs/GaSb suffer from small bulk gaps (<10 meV) well below room temperature, thus limiting their application in electronic and spintronic devices. Here, we report a new 2D TI comprising a graphene layer sandwiched between two Bi2Se3 slabs that exhibits a large intrinsic bulk band gap of 30 to 50 meV, making it viable for room-temperature applications. Distinct from previous strategies for enhancing the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling effect of the graphene lattice, the present graphene-based TI operates on a new mechanism of strong inversion between graphene Dirac bands and Bi2Se3 conduction bands. Strain engineering leads to effective control and substantial enhancement of the bulk gap. Recently reported synthesis of smooth graphene/Bi2Se3 interfaces demonstrates feasibility of experimental realization of this new 2D TI structure, which holds great promise for nanoscale device applications.
description: 3 figures, 1 table
Personal Exposures to Fine Particulate Matter and Black Carbon in Households Cooking with Biomass Fuels in Rural Ghana
Creators: name: Van Vliet, Eleanne D.S.
name: Asante, Kwakupoku
name: Jack, Darby W.
name: Kinney, Patrick L.
name: Whyatt, Robin M.
name: Chillrud, Steven N.
name: Abokyi, Livesy
name: Zandoh, Charles
name: Owusu-Agyei, Seth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental health
Public health
Food--Analysis

description: Objective To examine cooking practices and 24-h personal and kitchen area exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and black carbon in cooks using biomass in Ghana. Methods Researchers administered a detailed survey to 421 households. In a sub-sample of 36 households, researchers collected 24-h integrated PM2.5 samples (personal and kitchen area); in addition, the primary cook was monitored for real-time PM2.5. All filters were also analyzed for black carbon using a multi-wavelength reflectance method. Predictors of PM2.5 exposure were analyzed, including cooking behaviors, fuel, stove and kitchen type, weather, demographic factors and other smoke sources. Results The majority of households cooked outdoors (55%; 231/417), used biomass (wood or charcoal) as their primary fuel (99%; 412/413), and cooked on traditional fires (77%, 323/421). In the sub-sample of 29 households with complete, valid exposure monitoring data, the 24-h integrated concentrations of PM2.5 were substantially higher in the kitchen sample (mean 446.8 µg/m3) than in the personal air sample (mean 128.5 µg/m3). Black carbon concentrations followed the same pattern such that concentrations were higher in the kitchen sample (14.5 µg/m3) than in the personal air sample (8.8 µg/m3). Spikes in real-time personal concentrations of PM2.5 accounted for the majority of exposure; the most polluted 5%, or 72 min, of the 24-h monitoring period accounted for 75% of all exposure. Two variables that had some predictive power for personal PM2.5 exposures were primary fuel type and ethnicity, while reported kerosene lantern use was associated with increased personal and kitchen area concentrations of black carbon. Conclusion Personal concentrations of PM2.5 exhibited considerable inter-subject variability across kitchen types (enclosed, semi-enclosed, outdoor), and can be elevated even in outdoor cooking settings. Furthermore, personal concentrations of PM2.5 were not associated with kitchen type and were not predicted by kitchen area samples; rather they were driven by spikes in PM2.5 concentrations during cooking. Personal exposures were more enriched with black carbon when compared to kitchen area samples, underscoring the need to explore other sources of incomplete combustion such as roadway emissions, charcoal production and kerosene use.
Nonlinear Biochemical Signal Processing via Noise Propagation
Creators: name: Kim, Kyung Hyuk
name: Qian, Hong
name: Sauro, Herbert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Single-cell studies often show significant phenotypic variability due to the stochastic nature of intra-cellular biochemical reactions. When the numbers of molecules, e.g., transcription factors and regulatory enzymes, are in low abundance, fluctuations in biochemical activities become significant and such "noise" can propagate through regulatory cascades in terms of biochemical reaction networks. Here we develop an intuitive, yet fully quantitative method for analyzing how noise affects cellular phenotypes based on identifying a system's nonlinearities and noise propagations. We observe that such noise can simultaneously enhance sensitivities in one behavioral region while reducing sensitivities in another. Employing this novel phenomenon we designed three biochemical signal processing modules: (a) A gene regulatory network that acts as a concentration detector with both enhanced amplitude and sensitivity. (b) A non-cooperative positive feedback system, with a graded dose-response in the deterministic case, that serves as a bistable switch due to noise-induced bimodality. (c) A noise-induced linear amplifier for gene regulation that requires no feedback. The methods developed in the present work allow one to understand and engineer nonlinear biochemical signal processors based on fluctuation-induced phenotypes.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, Accepted by Journal of Chemical Physics
The Influence of Salinity on Mg/Ca in Planktic Foraminifers – Evidence from Cultures, Core-top Sediments and Complementary δ18O
Creators: name: Hoenisch, Baerbel
name: Allen, Katherine Ann
name: Lea, David W.
name: Spero, Howard J.
name: Eggins, Stephen M.
name: Arbuszewski, Jennifer
name: DeMenocal, Peter B.
name: Rosenthal, Yair
name: Russell, Ann D.
name: Elderfield, Henry
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Chemical oceanography
Biogeochemistry

description: The Mg/Ca ratio in foraminiferal calcite is one of the principal proxies used for paleoceanographic temperature reconstructions, but recent core-top sediment observations suggest that salinity may exert a significant secondary control on planktic foraminifers. This study compiles new and published laboratory culture experiment data from the planktic foraminifers Orbulina universa, Globigerinoides sacculifer and Globigerinoides ruber, in which salinity was varied but temperature, pH and light were held constant. Combining new data with results from previous culture studies yields a Mg/Ca-sensitivity to salinity of 4.4 ± 2.3%, 4.7 ± 1.2%, and 3.3 ± 1.7% per salinity unit (95% confidence), respectively, for the three foraminifer species studied here. Comparison of these sensitivities with core-top data suggests that the much larger sensitivity (27 ± 4% per salinity unit) derived from Atlantic core-top sediments in previous studies is not a direct effect of salinity. Rather, we suggest that the dissolution correction often applied to Mg/Ca data can lead to significant overestimation of temperatures. We are able to reconcile culture calibrations with core-top observations by combining evidence for seasonal occurrence and latitude-specific habitat depth preferences with corresponding variations in physico-chemical environmental parameters. Although both Mg/Ca and δ18O yield temperature estimates that fall within the bounds of hydrographic observations, discrepancies between the two proxies highlight unresolved challenges with the use of paired Mg/Ca and δ18O analyses to reconstruct paleo-salinity patterns across ocean basins. The first step towards resolving these challenges requires a better spatially and seasonally resolved δ18Osw archive than is currently available. Nonetheless, site-specific reconstructions of salinity change through time may be valid.
Mass bias and cosmological constraints from Planck cluster clustering
Creators: name: Lesci, G. F.
name: Veropalumbo, A.
name: Sereno, M.
name: Marulli, F.
name: Moscardini, L.
name: Giocoli, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analysed the 3D clustering of the Planck sample of Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) selected galaxy clusters, focusing on the redshift-space two-point correlation function (2PCF). We compared our measurements to theoretical predictions of the standard $Λ$ cold dark matter ($Λ$CDM) cosmological model, deriving an estimate of the Planck mass bias, $b_{\mathrm SZ}$, and cosmological parameters. We measured the 2PCF of the sample in the cluster-centric radial range $r\in[10,150]$ $h^{-1}$Mpc, considering 920 galaxy clusters with redshift $z\leq0.8$. A Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis has been performed to constrain $b_{\mathrm SZ}$, assuming priors on cosmological parameters from Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) results. We also adopted priors on $b_{\mathrm SZ}$ from external data sets to constrain the cosmological parameters $Ω_{\mathrm m}$ and $σ_8$. We obtained $(1-b_{\mathrm SZ})=0.62^{+0.14}_{-0.11}$, which is in agreement with the value required to reconcile primary CMB and cluster count observations. By adopting priors on $(1-b_{\mathrm SZ})$ from external data sets, we derived results on $Ω_{\mathrm m}$ that are fully in agreement and competitive, in terms of uncertainties, with those derived from cluster counts. This confirms the importance of including clustering in cosmological studies, in order to fully exploit the information from galaxy cluster statistics. On the other hand, we found that $σ_8$ is not constrained.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to A&A
Libraries' Response to Covid-19. FDM der UB Hildesheim.
Creators: name: Strauch, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
Forschung
Forschung Stiftung Universität Hildesheim
Forschung SUH
eScience
Science
Bibliotheken
Universitätsbibliotheken
UB Hildesheim
Universitätsbibliothek Hildesheim

description: Chancen für wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken im "neuen Normal". Diese Folien sind im Rahmen des Bibliotheksleitertags 2020 entstanden (Dez. 2020). Libraries' Response to Covid-19. Coffee Lectures zum Forschungsdatenmanagement der UB Hildesheim
 Zu guter Forschung im digitalen Zeitalter gehört ein gutes Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM). So war es vor Corona, und es hat sich während der Krise daran nichts geändert. Der Umgang mit Daten in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken wird sich auch in Zukunft kontinuierlich weiterentwickeln, denn Daten in der Forschung ermöglichen ein wissenschaftliches Arbeiten, stimulieren eine neue Verwendung und ja, sie machen den Forschungsoutput nachvollziehbar.
 Für die fortlaufende Unterstützung zum Forschungsdatenmanagement durch die FDM-Stelle der UB Hildesheim wurden vorhandene Formate für den digitalen Raum seit Ausbruch der Covid-19 Pandemie neu geformt. Der Support zum Datenmanagement wird vom Homeoffice aus geleistet. Veranstaltungen finden über das Konferenzsystem BigBlueButton statt. Sie sind zunächst für alle Forscherinnen und Forscher, Studierende und Interessierte der Stiftung Universität Hildesheim (SUH) gedacht, aber alle, die für ein Forschungsdatenmanagement und gute wissenschaftliche Praxis zur Integrität in der Forschung bereit sind, sind ebenso zu einer "Tasse Wissen" und zum weiteren Austausch eingeladen.
 An den Coffee Lectures im digitalen Raum im Jahr 2020 nahmen jeweils 80 bis über 150 Interessierte teil. (z.B. aus Österreich, der Schweiz, Großbritannien, USA und Kasachstan). Im Juli fand eine digitale Sommerschule der UB Hildesheim im Miniformat statt und im Februar 2021 wird es eine “Winter School” mit neuen Themen unter dem folgenden Titel geben: "Data Handling" – Wie gehen wir mit Forschungsdaten 'FAIR' um, unter anderem im Hinblick auf das 'R' ("re-usability")? - https://www.uni-hildesheim.de/veranstaltungen/artikel/online-digitale-winter-school-zum-forschungsdatenmanagement/ Strauch, A. (2020). Universitätsbibliotheken heute. Partner im Forschungsdatenmanagement in der Praxis, ABI Technik, 40(2), 177-186. https://doi.org/10.1515/abitech-2020-2008
Nuclear wave packet quantum interference in the intense laser dissociation of the $\mathrm{D}_{2}^{+}$ molecule
Creators: name: Halász, Gábor J.
name: Vibók, Ágnes
name: Moiseyev, Nimrod
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently it has been recognized that electronic conical intersections in molecular systems can be induced by laser light even in diatomics. As is known a direct consequence of these accidental degeneracies is the appearence of nonadiabatic effects which has a strong impact on the nuclear quantum dynamics. Studying the photodissociation process of the $\mathrm{D}_{2}^{+}$ molecule, we report here some novel and observable quantum interference phenomena that arise from the topological singularity induced by a strong laser field.
Supporting the implementation and adoption of EOSC by helping resource providers verify legal and ethics onboarding requirements
Creators: name: Katrakazi, Marianna
name: Toli, Eleni
name: Giuffrida, Maria
name: Willems, Marieke
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: tool
ethics
legal
,RDM
research data management
, compliance
EOSCinPractice

description: This EOSC in practice story is mainly addressed to EOSC resource providers seeking to verify whether the resources they wish to onboard (service or other) align with the EOSC rules of participation (RoP), focusing on the Legal and Ethics requirements. Secondly, it also helps researchers and research organisations in raising awareness on the various aspects of the RoP a resource must comply with, if aiming for EOSC onboarding. The service described is called RoLECT and is available on NI4OS-Europe service catalogue The full list of EOSC in practice stories is available here
Microzooplankton Grazing in the Eastern Bering Sea in Summer
Creators: name: Stoecker, Diane K.
name: Weigel, Alison
name: Goes, Joaquim I.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Marine biology
Marine ecology
Chemical oceanography
Environmental sciences

description: Dilution experiments to estimate microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton were conducted during the summers of 2008, 2009, and 2010 in the Eastern Bering Sea as part of the BEST-BSIERP integrated ecosystem project. All three summers followed cold springs in the Bering Sea. Average microzooplankton grazing coefficients were relatively similar among regions, ranging from 0.16 to 0.34 d−1 in simulated in situ incubations with mixed-layer water collected from the depth of the 55% Io isolume. In Off Shelf and Outer Shelf domains, microzooplankton consumed 67–78% of phytoplankton daily growth but in the Middle and Inner Shelf domains, microzooplankton grazing exceeded phytoplankton daily growth. Regional estimates of microzooplankton ingestion of phytoplankton carbon ranged from 4.4 to 11.0 µg C d−1, with highest ingestion in the Off Shelf, Outer Shelf, and Alaska Peninsula regions and, lower ingestion in the Middle Shelf and Inner Shelf regions. On the northern Middle Shelf, a deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) occurred at most stations. Grazing coefficients in the DCM were similar in magnitude to coefficients in the corresponding mixed layer. However, because of the higher phytoplankton biomass in the DCM, estimated microzooplankton ingestion and secondary production per liter were higher in the DCM than in the mixed layer. Measurements of photosynthetic quantum yields (Fv/Fm) in whole seawater and diluted treatments indicated that with some plankton assemblages, dilution had a negative effect on phytoplankton physiology and could have compromised their growth rates. This could have also resulted in an underestimation of microzooplankton grazing. Nevertheless, it is clear that microzooplankton grazing consumed most of the phytoplankton production in summer, and that microzooplankton were an important link in food webs supporting larger zooplankton and in carbon flow in the Eastern Bering Sea.
Particle-in-cell modeling of electron beam generated plasma
Creators: name: Rauf, Shahid
name: Sydorenko, D.
name: Jubin, S.
name: Villafana, W.
name: Ethier, S.
name: Khrabrov, A.
name: Kaganovich, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmas generated using energetic electron beams are well known for their low electron temperature ($T_{e}$) and plasma potential, which makes them attractive for atomic-precision plasma processing applications such as atomic layer etch and deposition. A 2d3v particle-in-cell (PIC) model for an electron beam-generated plasma in argon confined by a constant applied magnetic field is described in this article. Plasma production primarily occurs in the path of the beam electrons in the center of the chamber. The resulting plasma spreads out in the chamber through non-ambipolar diffusion with a short-circuit effect allowing unequal electron and ion fluxes to different regions of the bounding conductive chamber walls. The cross-field transport of the electrons (and thus the steady-state characteristics of the plasma) are strongly impacted by the magnetic field. $T_{e}$ is anisotropic in the electron beam region, but low and isotropic away from the plasma production zone. The plasma density increases, and the plasma becomes more confined near the region of production when the magnetic field strengthens. The magnetic field reduces both electron physical and energy transport perpendicular to the magnetic field. $T_{e}$ is uniform along the magnetic field lines and slowly decreases perpendicular to it. Electrons are less energetic in the sheath regions where the sheath electric field repels and confines the low-energy electrons from the bulk plasma. Even though electron and ion densities are similar in the bulk plasma due to quasi-neutrality, electron and ion fluxes on the grounded chamber walls are unequal at most locations. Electron confinement by the magnetic field weakens with increasing pressure, and the plasma spreads out farther from the electron beam region.
description: 19 pages and 12 figures on additional 12 pages Submitted to Plasma Sources Science and Technology
Négocier l'inclusion à travers la traduction et l'adaptation : ethnographie d’un processus collectif de tradaptation féministe dans le domaine de la santé
Creators: name: Bessaïh, Nesrine
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Traduction féministe
Communications en santé
Diversité sexuelle et de genre
Écriture inclusive
Étude des processus
Anthropologie linguistique

description: Cette thèse se penche sur la manière dont la traduction ouvre un espace où les pratiques et discours de différentes sous-cultures peuvent entrer en conflit, en négociation et en complémentarité et participer à l’émergence de discours et de pratiques, et ultimement à l’émergence de la langue et de la culture. Dans le contexte de tensions et de transformations des mouvements féministes au Québec, marqué, entre autres, par un renouvellement de la notion de genre, deux propositions d’écriture inclusive coexistent. L’écriture neutre, que cette thèse contribue à décrire, se caractérise par son objectif de neutralisation du genre et par ses néologismes neutres. Elle est portée principalement par des groupes de personnes trans et non binaires. Quant à la rédaction non sexiste, elle est surtout portée par des groupes de femmes implantés de longue date. Elle préconise la féminisation afin de rétablir une égalité entre les femmes et les hommes dans les textes. À partir d’un cadre théorique socioconstructiviste tiré de l’anthropologie linguistique, ces deux propositions d’écriture inclusive sont distinguées l’une de l’autre et rattachées à deux visions du monde différentes. L’usage de ces écritures est ensuite observé et analysé dans le cadre de la tradaptation de Our Bodies, Ourselves (2011), un livre culte sur la santé sexuelle et reproductive traduit et adapté par un organisme féministe québécois, La CORPS féministe. Une méthodologie qui associe l’ethnographie et la critique génétique permet d’étudier les effets de la coexistence de ces deux formes d’écriture inclusive sur les processus d’élaboration et de rédaction du livre ainsi que sur les choix paradigmatiques et syntagmatiques réalisés. Les données recueillies révèlent que la tradaptation féministe se fonde sur le texte source, la fonction du texte et le public cible ainsi que sur une posture politique et des pratiques féministes d’action sociale. L’analyse met en évidence qu’à travers un processus basé sur la co-construction, la contestation du statu quo et la déconstruction des systèmes d’oppression, la tradaptation féministe dans le domaine de la santé sexuelle et reproductive autorise le développement de pratiques linguistiques renouvelées et la production de contre-discours.
title: Combined Districting and Main Line Routing — A Method to Implement a Basic Drinking Water Supply Infrastructure in Informal Settlements
Creators: name: Mosbach, Julian
name: Krämer, Moritz
name: Fiedler, Justus Ernst
name: Sonnenburg, Alexander
name: Urban, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: The upgrading of large informal settlement areas takes place in sections for technical, economic and social reasons. On one hand, planning is faced with the challenge of taking individual structural and social conditions into account when dividing up the districts. On the other hand, the routing of the mains of a pipe-based infrastructure (water supply) must be selected in the context of the entire area under consideration and integrated into a superordinate network layout. In this paper, a method that combines these contrasting approaches is presented. Potential district boundaries are identified based on existing infrastructure and development patterns, as well as considering the routing requirements of a piped drinking water supply. Thereby, social factors can be considered in the decision-making process. Subsequently, an area subdivision is performed by a recursive partitioning algorithm. The choice and combination of different compactness measures influence the shape of the districts and, thus, the spatial organization. The geodetic height is integrated into the algorithm via an admissibility condition, so that the subsequent development of a district can take place via one pressure zone. By means of variations in the input parameters of the zoning, different planning levels can be generated, which finally lead successively to the upgrading of an informal settlement area.
Correction: Learning from the “tail end” of de-implementation: the case of chemical castration for localized prostate cancer (Implementation Science Communications, (2021), 2, 1, (124), 10.1186/s43058-021-00224-8)
Creators: name: Skolarus, TA
name: Forman, J
name: Sparks, JB
name: Metreger, T
name: Hawley, ST
name: Caram, MV
name: Dossett, L
name: Paniagua-Cruz, A
name: Makarov, DV
name: Leppert, JT
name: Shelton, JB
name: Stensland, KD
name: Hollenbeck, BK
name: Shahinian, V
name: Sales, AE
name: Wittmann, DA
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2023

description: Following the publication of the original article [1] the authors requested to update the “Competing interests” section as follows: “The authors declare that Anne Sales is co-Editor-in-Chief of the journal".
Country Reputation Theory: Brazil’s Brand Image in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Gondim Mariutti, Fabiana
Publisher: name: Leeds Beckett University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The meaning of a country brand image in the competitive global world is evidently a multidimensional phenomenon, as various stakeholders are involved in the reputation of a country. However, existing research discreetly recognises the presence of theoretical convergences regarding the image of a country (e.g. country-of-origin, country branding, nation branding) and country reputation. Therefore, the aim of this cross-disciplinary research is to rationally explore and describe Brazil’s brand image while making advances into the evolution of country reputation theory. By probing associations, perceptions and awareness based on country reputation dimensions, this research scientifically evaluates the case of Brazil considering four stakeholders: the government and the citizens of the country, the media and the residents of the United Kingdom. Philosophically, interpretivism and constructivism are employed in this multifaceted and unique snapshot case study. Methodologically, mixed-method was chosen containing three phases. In Phase I, news coverage and historical documentation were adopted followed by Phase II, which included an elite and expert interview with the Brazilian Government and a focus group with UK residents. Content analysis aligned to thematic analysis was carried out for Phases I and II. In Phase III, two surveys were undertaken with UK residents and with Brazilians using exploratory factor analysis. The analysis and interpretation of the overall results indicated a medium country reputation of Brazil in the UK. The reputation of a country is certainly embodied over time-fixed and temporary associations with a country name, as perceptions are revealed underneath the country-of-origin construct recognised by multiple stakeholders. This research offers a groundwork for future studies on theorising country reputation theory. It also provides support to manage country reputation as the conclusion emphasises integrative and continuous strategies applied to enhance a country reputation within the globalised context of international business. Finally, this thesis contributes not only to academia and government authorities, but also to professionals engaged in the management of country reputation, specifically for Brazil’s economic and sustainable progress through ethical and reputable competition.
title: Impact of surface charges on the solvation forces in confined colloidal solutions
Creators: name: Grandner, Stefan
name: Zeng, Yan
name: Klitzing, Regine von
name: Klapp, Sabine H. L.
Publisher: name: AIP Publishing
Year: 2022

description: Combining computer simulations and experiments we address the impact of charged surfaces on the solvation forces of a confined, charged colloidal suspension (slit-pore geometry). Investigations based on the colloidal-probe atomic-force-microscope technique indicate that an increase in surface charges markedly enhances the oscillations of the force in terms of their amplitude. To understand this effect on a theoretical level we perform grand-canonical Monte-Carlo simulations (GCMC) of a coarse-grained model system. It turns out that various established approaches of the interaction between a charged colloid and a charged wall, such as linearized Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) theory involving the bulk screening length, do not reproduce the experimental observations. We thus introduce a modified PB potential with a space-dependent screening parameter. The latter takes into account, in an approximate way, the fact that the charged walls release additional (wall) counterions which accumulate in a thin layer at the surface(s). The resulting, still purely repulsive fluid-wall potential displays a nonmonotonic behavior as function of the surface potential with respect to the strength and range of repulsion. GCMC simulations based on this potential reproduce the experimentally observed charge-induced enhancement in the force oscillations. We also show, both by experiment and by simulations, that the asymptotic wave- and decay length of the oscillating force do not change with the wall charge, in agreement with predictions from density functional theory.
Task Offloading and Resource Allocation Using Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Zhang, Kaiyi
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Offloading
Deep reinforcement learning

description: Rapid urbanization poses huge challenges to people's daily lives, such as traffic congestion, environmental pollution, and public safety. Mobile Internet of things (MIoT) applications serving smart cities bring the promise of innovative and enhanced public services such as air pollution monitoring, enhanced road safety and city resources metering and management. These applications rely on a number of energy constrained MIoT units (MUs) (e.g., robots and drones) to continuously sense, capture and process data and images from their environments to produce immediate adaptive actions (e.g., triggering alarms, controlling machinery and communicating with citizens). In this thesis, we consider a scenario where a battery constrained MU executes a number of time-sensitive data processing tasks whose arrival times and sizes are stochastic in nature. These tasks can be executed locally on the device, offloaded to one of the nearby edge servers or to a cloud data center within a mobile edge computing (MEC) infrastructure. We first formulate the problem of making optimal offloading decisions that minimize the cost of current and future tasks as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) that accounts for the constraints of the MU battery and the limited reserved resources on the MEC infrastructure by the application providers. Then, we relax the CMDP problem into regular Markov decision process (MDP) using Lagrangian primal-dual optimization. We then develop advantage actor-critic (A2C) algorithm, one of the model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) method to train the MU to solve the relaxed problem. The training of the MU can be carried-out once to learn optimal offloading policies that are repeatedly employed as long as there are no large changes in the MU environment. Simulation results are presented to show that the proposed algorithm can achieve performance improvement over offloading decisions schemes that aim at optimizing instantaneous costs.
title: Nachricht von den Mitgliedern des geistl[ichen] Ministeriums an der Stadt- und Pfarrkirche wie auch Pest-Diaconis in Wittenberg; 1801
title: vom Anfange des XVI. Jahrhunderts bis auf gegenwärtige Zeit aus glaubwürdigen Urkunden mitgetheilt
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Erdmann, Johann Christoph
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2012

description: In Fraktur
Quantifying Lithogenic Inputs to the North Pacific Ocean Using the Long-lived Thorium Isotopes
Creators: name: Hayes, Christopher T.
name: Anderson, Robert F.
name: Fleisher, Martin Q.
name: Serno, Sascha
name: Winckler, Gisela
name: Gersonde, Rainer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical oceanography
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Dissolved 232Th is added to the ocean though the partial dissolution of lithogenic materials such as aerosol dust in the same way as other lithogenically sourced and more biologically important trace metals such as Fe. Oceanic 230Th, on the other hand, is sourced primarily from the highly predictable decay of dissolved 234U. The rate at which dissolved 232Th is released by mineral dissolution can be constrained by a Th removal rate derived from 230Th:234U disequilibria, assuming steady-state. Calculated fluxes of dissolved 232Th can in turn be used to estimate fluxes of other lithogenically sourced dissolved metals as well as the original lithogenic supplies, such as aerosol dust deposition, given the concentration and fractional solubility of Th (or other metals) in the lithogenic material. This method is applied to 7 water column profiles from the Innovative North Pacific Experiment (INOPEX) cruise of 2009 and 2 sites from the subtropical North Pacific. The structure of shallow depth profiles suggests rapid scavenging at the surface and at least partial regeneration of dissolved 232Th at 100–200 m depth. This rapid cycling could involve colloidal Th generated during mineral dissolution, which may not be subject to the same removal rates as the more truly dissolved 230Th. An additional deep source of 232Th was revealed in deep waters, most likely dissolution of seafloor sediments, and offers a constraint on dissolved trace element supply due to boundary exchange.
Evaluation of Face Detectors and Feature Association Metrics for Real-Time Multi-Face Tracking
Creators: name: Wang, Jianzhou
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Multi-face Detection and Tracking
Computer Vision

description: Video annotation, control of camera direction, labelling and other tasks can benefit from online visual multi-face tracking. Given the availability of high quality general purpose detectors and tracking-by-detection frameworks, we develop a multi-face tracker and comparatively evaluate its components. In this thesis, we train common object detectors on large databases of faces to understand how well these detectors can perform, specifically on faces. We evaluate different face association methods and appearance metrics with different classifier loss functions to track detected faces across frames. We find that while online tracking based on combining state-of-the-art methods can lead to high-quality tracking results, there is still a large gap between offline and online methods. We develop a multi-tracking system in order to achieve an online and real-time standard, one that can track most of the faces in unconstrained settings.
Stranger things in the INTEGRAL sky: wobbling jets, neutrinos, and binary black holes
Creators: name: Bruni, Gabriele
name: Panessa, Francesca
name: Bassani, Loredana
name: Malizia, Angela
name: Molina, Manuela
name: Rodi, James
name: Hernandez-Garcia, Lorena
name: Bazzano, Angela
name: Ubertini, Pietro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Radio Galaxies
Jets
Black Holes
Neutrinos
Blazars

description: The identification of neutrino sources is one of the main challenges in nowadays astrophysics. Available models point to jets as the most likely neutrino site, and in particular the interaction of material in precessing jets. So far, only a clear neutrino association has been obtained, corresponding to blazar TXS 0506+056. The ANTARES collaboration has recently performed a correlation of the neutrino events collected between 2007 and 2018 with several AGN catalogues. They found the presence of 2 events located at less than 0.5 degrees from the radio galaxy 3C403, detected also in hard X-rays by INTEGRAL. From an inspection of archival data from the past decades, we found a discrepancy of the jet position angle on different scales, including hints of an S-shape morphology, suggesting precession. This is accompanied by a strong variability both in radio and X-rays. This could turn out to be the first radio galaxy clearly associated with a neutrino event. In addition to this result, I will discuss some of the most peculiar INTEGRAL AGN studied during the past years: two X-shaped giant radio galaxies showing extreme jet re-orientation, and a recent candidate binary black hole for which coalescence is foreseen during the next couple of years.
Identification and control of subglacial water networks under Dome A, Antarctica
Creators: name: Wolovick, Michael Joseph
name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Creyts, Timothy T.
name: Frearson, Nicholas P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geomorphology

description: Subglacial water in continental Antarctica forms by melting of basal ice due to geothermal or frictional heating. Subglacial networks transport the water from melting areas and can facilitate sliding by the ice sheet over its bed. Subglacial water flow is driven mainly by gradients in overburden pressure and bed elevation. We identify small (median 850 m) water bodies within the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains in East Antarctica organized into long (20–103 km) coherent drainage networks using a dense (5 km) grid of airborne radar data. The individual water bodies are smaller on average than the water bodies contained in existing inventories of Antarctic subglacial water and most are smaller than the mean ice thickness of 2.5 km, reflecting a focusing of basal water by rugged topography. The water system in the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains reoccupies a system of alpine overdeepenings created by valley glaciers in the early growth phase of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The networks follow valley floors either uphill or downhill depending on the gradient of the ice sheet surface. In cases where the networks follow valley floors uphill they terminate in or near plumes of freeze-on ice, indicating source to sink transport within the basal hydrologic system. Because the ice surface determines drainage direction within the bed-constrained network, the system is bed-routed but surface-directed. Along-flow variability in the structure of the freeze-on plumes suggests variability in the networks on long (10s of ka) timescales, possibly indicating changes in the basal thermal state.