cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
UCorrect: An Unsupervised Framework for Automatic Speech Recognition Error Correction
Creators: name: Guo, Jiaxin
name: Wang, Minghan
name: Qiao, Xiaosong
name: Wei, Daimeng
name: Shang, Hengchao
name: Li, Zongyao
name: Yu, Zhengzhe
name: Li, Yinglu
name: Su, Chang
name: Zhang, Min
name: Tao, Shimin
name: Yang, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Error correction techniques have been used to refine the output sentences from automatic speech recognition (ASR) models and achieve a lower word error rate (WER). Previous works usually adopt end-to-end models and has strong dependency on Pseudo Paired Data and Original Paired Data. But when only pre-training on Pseudo Paired Data, previous models have negative effect on correction. While fine-tuning on Original Paired Data, the source side data must be transcribed by a well-trained ASR model, which takes a lot of time and not universal. In this paper, we propose UCorrect, an unsupervised Detector-Generator-Selector framework for ASR Error Correction. UCorrect has no dependency on the training data mentioned before. The whole procedure is first to detect whether the character is erroneous, then to generate some candidate characters and finally to select the most confident one to replace the error character. Experiments on the public AISHELL-1 dataset and WenetSpeech dataset show the effectiveness of UCorrect for ASR error correction: 1) it achieves significant WER reduction, achieves 6.83\% even without fine-tuning and 14.29\% after fine-tuning; 2) it outperforms the popular NAR correction models by a large margin with a competitive low latency; and 3) it is an universal method, as it reduces all WERs of the ASR model with different decoding strategies and reduces all WERs of ASR models trained on different scale datasets.
description: Accepted in ICASSP 2023
Imitation of spin density wave order in Cu$_3$Nb$_2$O$_8$
Creators: name: Giles-Donovan, N.
name: Qureshi, N.
name: Johnson, R. D.
name: Zhang, L. Y.
name: Cheong, S. -W.
name: Cochran, S.
name: Stock, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin density waves, based on modulated local moments, are usually associated with metallic materials, but have recently been reported in insulators which display coupled magnetic and structural order parameters. We discuss one such example, the multiferroic Cu$_3$Nb$_2$O$_8$, which is reported to undergo two magnetic phase transitions, first to a spin density wave phase at $T_N \approx 26.5K$, and then to a helicoidal structure coupled to an electric polarization below $T_2 \approx 24K$ [R. D. Johnson, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., 107, 137205 (2011)] which breaks the crystallographic inversion symmetry. We apply spherical polarimetry to confirm the low-temperature magnetic structure, yet only observe a single magnetic phase transition to helicoidal order. We argue that the reported spin density wave originates from a decoupling of the components of the magnetic order parameter, as allowed by symmetry and driven by thermal fluctuations. This provides a mechanism for the magnetic, but not nuclear, structure to break inversion symmetry thereby creating an intermediate phase where the structure imitates a spin density wave. As the temperature is reduced, this intermediate structure destabilizes the crystal such that a structural chirality is induced, as reflected by the emergence of the electric polarization, and the imitation spin density wave relaxes into a generic helicoid. This provides a situation where the magnetic structure breaks inversion symmetry while the crystal structure remains centrosymmetric.
description: 20 pages, 18 figures
EX ANTE VS. EX POST BIOTERRORISM MITIGATION: BETTER SAFE THAN SORRY?
Creators: name: Elbakidze, Levan
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Elbakidze, Levan
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This article examines a tradeoff between ex ante mitigation costs and ex post costs of response to a potential introduction of animal disease such as Foot and Mouth (FMD). In a simplified case study setting we examine the conditions for optimality of enhanced detection systems considering various characteristics of a potential FMD outbreak, costs of program implementation, severity of the disease outbreak, and relative effectiveness of surveillance and response strategies. We show that the decision to invest in ex ante detection activities depends on such factors as likelihood of disease introduction, disease spread rate, relative costs, ancillary benefits and effectiveness of mitigation strategies. While for slow spreading disease the investment in surveillance and detection was found to be optimal only for high probabilities of introduction, the investment was optimal even for low probabilities of outbreak occurrence for fast spreading disease.
Constrained Dynamics of Universally Coupled Massive Spin 2-spin 0 Gravities
Creators: name: Pitts, J. Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2-parameter family of massive variants of Einstein's gravity (on a Minkowski background) found by Ogievetsky and Polubarinov by excluding lower spins can also be derived using universal coupling. A Dirac-Bergmann constrained dynamics analysis seems not to have been presented for these theories, the Freund-Maheshwari-Schonberg special case, or any other massive gravity beyond the linear level treated by Marzban, Whiting and van Dam. Here the Dirac-Bergmann apparatus is applied to these theories. A few remarks are made on the question of positive energy. Being bimetric, massive gravities have a causality puzzle, but it appears soluble by the introduction and judicious use of gauge freedom.
description: 6 pages; Talk given at QG05, Cala Gonone (Italy), September 2005
A kinematic analysis of the CO clouds toward a reflection nebula NGC 2023 observed with the Nobeyama 45 m telescope; Further evidence for a cloud-cloud collision in the Orion region
Creators: name: Yamada, R.
name: Enokiya, R.
name: Sano, H.
name: Fujita, S.
name: Kohno, M.
name: Tsutsumi, D.
name: Nishimura, A.
name: Tachihara, K.
name: Fukui, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed new CO($J$ = 1-0) data in the region of a reflection nebula NGC 2023 with a particular focus on the detailed kinematical properties of the molecular gas. The results show that there are two velocity components which indicate signatures of dynamical interaction revealed at a high resolution of 19$''$ (= 0.04 pc). Based on the results we propose a hypothesis that two clouds collided with each other and triggered the formation of the B1.5 star HD 37903 in addition to 20 lower mass stars in two small clusters with a size of 2 pc. Although the previous study favored a scheme of triggering by the HII region (e.g., Mookerjea et al. 2009), the present results show that the effect of the HII region is limited only to the surface of the molecular cloud, and does not contribute to the gas compression and star formation. The present results lend support for the dominant role of cloud-cloud collision in forming high mass stars in addition to $\sim$20 lower mass stars, which are also likely formed by the collision. The present case suggests all the high mass stars in the Orion region are formed by cloud-cloud collision.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, one table, submitted to Publications of Astronomical Society of Japan (PASJ)
What Can the Distribution of Intergalactic Metals Tell us About the History of Cosmological Enrichment?
Creators: name: Scannapieco, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I study the relationship between the spatial distribution of intergalactic metals and the masses and ejection energies of the sources that produced them. Over a wide range of models, metal enrichment is dominated by the smallest efficient sources, as the enriched volume scales roughly as E^{3/5} ~ M^{3/5} while the number density of sources goes as 1/M. In all cases, the earliest sources have the biggest impact, because fixed comoving distances correspond to smaller physical distances at higher redshifts. This means that most of the enriched volume is found around rare peaks, and intergalactic metals are naturally highly clustered. Furthermore, this clustering is so strong as to lead to a large overlap between individual bubbles. Thus the typical radius of enriched z ~ 3 regions should be interpreted as a constraint on groupings of sources rather than the ejection radius of a typical source. Similarly, the clustering of enriched regions should be taken as a measurement of source bias rather than mass.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, ApJL in press
Branes wrapping Black Holes
Creators: name: Das, Sumit R.
name: Giusto, Stefano
name: Mathur, Samir D.
name: Srivastava, Yogesh
name: Wu, Xinkai
name: Zhou, Chengang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the dynamics of extended branes, carrying lower dimensional brane charges, wrapping black holes and black hole microstates in M and Type II string theory. We show that they have a universal dispersion relation typical of threshold bound states with a total energy equal to the sum of the contributions from the charges. In near-horizon geometries of black holes, these are BPS states, and the dispersion relation follows from supersymmetry as well as properties of the conformal algebra. However they break all supersymmetries of the full asymptotic geometries of black holes and microstates. We comment on a recent proposal which uses these states to explain black hole entropy.
description: 41 pages, 2 figures;v2: references added
New ordered phase in geometrically frustrated generalized $XY$ model
Creators: name: Lach, M.
name: Žukovič, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Critical properties of a geometrically frustrated generalized $XY$ model with antiferromagnetic (AFM) and third-order antinematic (AN3) couplings on a triangular lattice are studied by Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that such a generalization leads to a phase diagram consisting of three different quasi-long-range ordered (QLRO) phases. Compared to the model with the second-order antinematic (AN2) coupling, besides the AFM and AN3 phases which appear in the limits of relatively strong AFM and AN3 interactions, respectively, it includes an additional complex canted antiferromagnetic (CAFM) phase. It emerges at lower temperatures, wedged between the AFM and AN3 phases, as a result of the competition between the AFM and AN3 couplings, which is absent in the model with the AN2 coupling. The AFM-CAFM and AN3-CAFM phase transitions are concluded to belong to the weak Ising and weak three-state Potts universality classes, respectively. Additionally, all three QLRO phases also feature true LRO of the standard and generalized chiralities, which both vanish simultaneously at second-order phase transitions with non-Ising critical exponents and the critical temperatures slightly higher than the magnetic and nematic order-disorder transition temperatures.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
Orbital Hanle Magnetoresistance in a 3d Transition Metal
Creators: name: Sala, Giacomo
name: Wang, Hanchen
name: Legrand, William
name: Gambardella, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hanle magnetoresistance is a telltale signature of spin precession in nonmagnetic conductors, in which strong spin-orbit coupling generates edge spin accumulation via the spin Hall effect. Here, we report the existence of a large Hanle magnetoresistance in single layers of Mn with weak spin-orbit coupling, which we attribute to the orbital Hall effect. The simultaneous observation of a sizable Hanle magnetoresistance and vanishing small spin Hall magnetoresistance in BiYIG/Mn bilayers corroborates the orbital origin of both effects. We estimate an orbital Hall angle of 0.016, an orbital relaxation time of 2 ps and diffusion length of the order of 2 nm in disordered Mn. Our findings indicate that current-induced orbital moments are responsible for magnetoresistance effects comparable to or even larger than those determined by spin moments, and provide a tool to investigate nonequilibrium orbital transport phenomena.
Choosing Brands: Fresh Produce versus other Products
Creators: name: Jin, Yanhong H.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Heiman, Amir
name: Jin, Yanhong H.
name: Zilberman, David
name: Heiman, Amir
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: This study presents a framework to analyze how uncertainty about product attributes affects consumers' WTP for brand name products over generic ones, incorporating key elements of a random utility model and product attribute models. We found that in comparison to electronics, clothing, and processed food, consumers buy brand name vegetables and fruits mainly because of quality uncertainty, and they can easily reduce uncertainty of product quality of fresh vegetables and fruits by seeing, touching, smelling, and tasting. Hence, consumers are less willing to pay for brands of fresh vegetables and fruits. However, simulation results show that brands of fresh fruits and vegetables may have a similar price premium as other products, but they lack the market share. Thus, the main challenge in building brands of fresh produce is to establish a critical mass. We also find that demographic information such as education and gender does affect consumers' WTP for brands.
Deterministic and stochastic aspects of current-induced magnetization reversal in perpendicular nanomagnets
Creators: name: Sala, Giacomo
name: Meyer, Jan
name: Flechsig, Anne
name: Gabriel, Laura
name: Gambardella, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the incubation and transition times that characterize the magnetization switching induced by spin-orbit torques in nanomagnets with perpendicular anisotropy. We present a phenomenological model to interpret the dependence of the incubation time on the amplitude of the voltage pulse and assisting magnetic field and estimate the volume of the seed domain that triggers the switching. Our measurements evidence a correlation between the incubation and transition times that is mediated by the temperature variation during the electric pulse. In addition, we discuss the stochastic distributions of the two times in terms of the energy barriers opposing the nucleation and expansion of the seed domain. We propose two models based on the log-normal and gamma functions to account for the different origin of the variability of the incubation and transition times, which are associated with a single nucleation barrier and multiple pinning sites, respectively.
An Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System of Fresh Tomatoes in the U.S.
Creators: name: Grant, Jason H.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
name: Grant, Jason H.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Previous studies of fresh market tomatoes in the U.S. have focused on the supply side and welfare effects of NAFTA. Very few studies have focused on the demand side, however, because fresh tomatoes do not have any close substitutes. In this study we draw on the fact that Mexican and Canadian fresh tomatoes may be close substitutes to U.S. fresh tomatoes. An Inverse Almost Ideal Demand System of the NAFTA fresh tomato market is estimated where fresh tomatoes differ by country of origin. The results indicate that NAFTA tomatoes are substitutable but the degree of substitutability varies widely depending on the season. Quantity changes in the U.S. fresh tomato market can result in significant retail price changes. This study has specific policy implications in light of the recent dumping conflicts between NAFTA members over fresh tomato trade.
Asymptotic behavior of edge-reinforced random walks
Creators: name: Merkl, Franz
name: Rolles, Silke W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B41 (Primary) 60K35, 60K37 (Secondary)

description: In this article, we study linearly edge-reinforced random walk on general multi-level ladders for large initial edge weights. For infinite ladders, we show that the process can be represented as a random walk in a random environment, given by random weights on the edges. The edge weights decay exponentially in space. The process converges to a stationary process. We provide asymptotic bounds for the range of the random walker up to a given time, showing that it localizes much more than an ordinary random walker. The random environment is described in terms of an infinite-volume Gibbs measure.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000674 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Disorder scattering in classical flat channel transport of particles between twisted magnetic square patterns
Creators: name: Rossi, Anna M. E. B.
name: Ernst, Adrian
name: Dörfler, Magdalena
name: Fischer, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the trajectories of macroscopic magnetic particles pulled against gravity between twisted alternating magnetic square patterns in a superposed homogeneous magnetic field normal to both patterns. The two patterns are built from a set of magentic cubes having a distribution of magnetization. The magnetic potential between the patterns is a sum of three contributions: two being periodic on two lattices with different magnitude and orientation, and the third random contribution arising from the distribution of magnetization of the cubes. As one varies the twist angle between the two patterns each time the twist angle coincides with a magic twist angle one of the two periodic lattices becomes a sublattice of the other lattice. Simulations of particles moving through patterns with a precise cube magnetization produce pronounced mobility peaks near magic twist angles that are associated with flat channels. Weak random fluctuations of the cube magnetization in the experiment and the simulations cause enhanced random disorder of the potential and reduce the mobility by scattering particles into the interior of the twisted Wigner Seitz cells. The mobility undergoes an Anderson transition from magic to generic behavior as the magnetization disorder increases beyond half of a percent of the cube magnetization.
Decoupling farm policies: how does this affect production?
Creators: name: Serra, Teresa
name: Zilberman, David
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
name: Serra, Teresa
name: Zilberman, David
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Featherstone, Allen M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: This paper studies the extent to which decoupled income support measures in agriculture can have production implications both at the extensive and intensive margins. We develop a theoretical framework that analyzes production responses of agricultural producers to apparently decoupled payments, by explicitly considering risk attitudes and uncertainty. We use farm-level data collected in Kansas to estimate the model. Technology and risk preference parameters are jointly estimated. Results show that though lump sum payments are not fully decoupled in the presence of risk and uncertainty, their effects on agricultural production are likely to be of a very small magnitude.
Detection of the Baryon Acoustic Peak in the Large-Scale Correlation Function of SDSS Luminous Red Galaxies
Creators: name: Eisenstein, D. J.
name: Zehavi, I.
name: Hogg, D. W.
name: Scoccimarro, R.
name: Blanton, M. R.
name: Nichol, R. C.
name: Scranton, R.
name: Seo, H.
name: Tegmark, M.
name: Zheng, Z.
name: Anderson, S.
name: Annis, J.
name: Bahcall, N.
name: Brinkmann, J.
name: Burles, S.
name: Castander, F. J.
name: Connolly, A.
name: Csabai, I.
name: Doi, M.
name: Fukugita, M.
name: Frieman, J. A.
name: Glazebrook, K.
name: Gunn, J. E.
name: Hendry, J. S.
name: Hennessy, G.
name: Ivezic, Z.
name: Kent, S.
name: Knapp, G. R.
name: Lin, H.
name: Loh, Y.
name: Lupton, R. H.
name: Margon, B.
name: McKay, T.
name: Meiksin, A.
name: Munn, J. A.
name: Pope, A.
name: Richmond, M.
name: Schlegel, D.
name: Schneider, D.
name: Shimasaku, K.
name: Stoughton, C.
name: Strauss, M.
name: SubbaRao, M.
name: Szalay, A. S.
name: Szapudi, I.
name: Tucker, D.
name: Yanny, B.
name: York, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the large-scale correlation function measured from a spectroscopic sample of 46,748 luminous red galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The survey region covers 0.72 h^{-3} Gpc^3 over 3816 square degrees and 0.16
description: Submitted to the ApJ. Additional pedagogical material and numerical data at http://cmb.as.arizona.edu/~eisenste/acousticpeak
Causal structures and holography
Creators: name: Hubeny, Veronika E.
name: Rangamani, Mukund
name: Ross, Simon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the description of bulk causal structure in a dual field theory. We observe that in the spacetime dual to a spacelike non-commutative field theory, the causal structure in the boundary directions is modified asymptotically. We propose that this modification is described in the dual theory by a modification of the micro-causal light cone. Previous studies of this micro-causal light cone for spacelike non-commutativite field theories agree with the expectations from the bulk spacetime. We describe the spacetime dual to field theories with lightlike non-commutativity, and show that they generically have a drastic modification of the light cone in the bulk: the spacetime is non-distinguishing. This means that the spacetime while being devoid of closed timelike or null curves, has causal curves that are ``almost closed''. We go on to show that the micro-causal light cone in the field theory agrees with this prediction from the bulk.
description: Latex, 2 figures, 32 pages. v2: references added. v3:refs
van der Horst, Fidelis, Das Schema über die Kirche auf dem 1. Vatikanischen Konzil
Creators: name: Valeske, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 2 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 2
Signatures of optical phase transitions in super- and subradiant arrays of atoms
Creators: name: Parmee, C. D.
name: Ruostekoski, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant light interacting with matter can support different phases of a polarizable medium, and optical bistability where two such phases coexist. Here we identify signatures of optical phase transitions and optical bistability mapped onto scattered light in planar arrays of cold atoms. Methods on how to explore such systems in superradiant, and extreme subradiant states existing outside the light cone, are proposed. The cooperativity threshold and intensity regimes for the intrinsic optical bistability, supported by resonant dipole-dipole interactions alone, are derived in several cases of interest analytically. Subradiant states require lower intensities, but stronger cooperativity for the existence of non-trivial phases than superradiant states. The transmitted light reveals the onset of phase transitions and bistability that are predicted by mean-field theory as large jumps in coherent and incoherent signals and hysteresis. In the quantum solution, traces of phase transitions are identified in enhanced quantum fluctuations of excited level populations.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
A Theory of Natural Addiction
Creators: name: Smith, Trenton G.
name: Tasnadi, Attila
name: Smith, Trenton G.
name: Tasnadi, Attila
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: Economic theories of rational addiction aim to describe consumer behavior in the presence of habit-forming goods. We provide a biological foundation for this body of work by formally specifying conditions under which it is optimal to form a habit. We demonstrate the empirical validity of our thesis with an in-depth review and synthesis of the biomedical literature concerning the action of opiates in the mammalian brain and their effects on behavior. Our results lend credence to many of the unconventional behavioral assumptions employed by theories of rational addiction, including adjacent complementarity and the importance of cues, attention, and self-control in determining the behavior of addicts. Our approach suggests, however, that addiction is "harmful" only when the addict fails to implement the optimal solution. We offer evidence for the special case of the opiates that harmful addiction is the manifestation of a mismatch between behavioral algorithms encoded in the human genome and the expanded menu of choices generated for example, by advances in drug delivery technology faced by consumers in the modern world.
Extracting the multimodal fingerprint of urban transportation networks
Creators: name: Natera, Luis
name: Battiston, Federico
name: Iñiguez, Gerardo
name: Szell, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Urban mobility increasingly relies on multimodality, combining the use of bicycle paths, streets, and rail networks. These different modes of transportation are well described by multiplex networks. Here we propose the overlap census method which extracts a multimodal profile from a city's multiplex transportation network. We apply this method to 15 cities, identify clusters of cities with similar profiles, and link this feature to the level of sustainable mobility of each cluster. Our work highlights the importance of evaluating all the transportation systems of a city together to adequately identify and compare its potential for sustainable, multimodal mobility.
description: Accepted for publication in Transport Findings. 6 pages, 2 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1907.07080
Novel fluctuations at constrained interfaces
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Abhishek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we try to answer the qustion : What happens when explicit constraints are introduced such that the low energy, long wavelength modes of a system are unavailable ? This question has assumed some importance in recent years due to the advent of nano technology and the growing use of nanometer scale devices and structures. In a small system, the size limits the scale of the fluctuations and makes it imperative for us to understand how the response of the system is altered in such a situation. In this thesis, this question is answered for the special case of interfacial fluctuations in two dimensions (2d). The energy of an interface between two phases in equilibrium is invariant with respect to translations perpendicular to the plane (or line in 2d) of the interface. We study the consequence of breaking this symmetry explicity using an external field gradient. One expects that since low energy excitations are suppressed, the interface would be flat and inert at all times. We show that surprisingly there are novel fluctuations and phenomena associated with such constrained interfaces which have static as well as dynamic consequences. The Ising interface on a square lattice is shown to undergo a multitude of structural transitions as a function of velocity and the orientation. Liquid solid interfaces show coherent addition and removal of atomic layers providing novel mechanisms of stress relaxation in a nanosized single crystal without defects. We study momentum and energy transfer across the liquid solid interface in the presence of this ``layering'' transition.
description: Based on the thesis submitted to Jadavpur University for a Ph.D. degree
The Effects of Agricultural Research and Farm Subsidy Policies on Human Nutrition and Obesity
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Sumner, Daniel A.
name: Vosti, Stephen A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Agricultural policies including farm programs and R&D are said to have contributed to obesity by making food commodities cheaper and thereby encouraging consumption. This paper explores the links from agricultural policy to food prices and consumption and suggests that contribution of agricultural policy to obesity is not so clear.
HypExp, a Mathematica package for expanding hypergeometric functions around integer-valued parameters
Creators: name: Huber, T.
name: Maitre, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the Mathematica package HypExp which allows to expand hypergeometric functions $_JF_{J-1}$ around integer parameters to arbitrary order. At this, we apply two methods, the first one being based on an integral representation, the second one on the nested sums approach. The expansion works for both symbolic argument $z$ and unit argument. We also implemented new classes of integrals that appear in the first method and that are, in part, yet unknown to Mathematica.
description: 33 pages, latex, 2 figures, the package can be downloaded from http://krone.physik.unizh.ch/~maitreda/HypExp/, minor changes, works now under Windows
Exploring an individual's experience of becoming bicultural
Creators: name: Baines, Anil
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: A second generation South Asian can be faced with contrasting and conflicting cultures which can impact the formation of a healthy ethnic identity. The present study investigated what facilitated and hindered a South Asian's adolescent experience of becoming bicultural. Flanagan's (1954) Critical Incident Technique was used in interviewing 8 adult participants, including 5 females and 3 males, aged 20 to 26 years of age. The results identified 88 critical incidents, forming 10 helping categories and 4 hindering categories. The 10 Helping categories were: (1) Cross Cultural Friendships, (2) Speaking both Punjabi and English, (3) Personal Attributes, (4) Shared Experiences with Peers in the 'Same Boat', (5) Family Support and Influence, (6) Involvement in Recreational, Cultural and Religious Community Activities, (7) Visiting India, (8) High School Experience, (9) University Education and (10) Acceptance of Parent's and / or Grandparent's Views. The Hindering Categories were: (1) Parental and / or Familial Expectations, (2) Media Influence / Societal Expectations, (3) Personal Conflict of Cultural Values and (4) Experiencing Racism. The categories were found to be reliable and valid through procedures such as exhaustiveness, independent raters, co-researcher's cross checking, participation rate and theoretical agreement. The resulting categories provide a list of comprehensive factors that can facilitate and hinder an individual's process towards developing a bicultural identity. The findings are discussed in relation to implications for counselling theory and practice, and future research.
On the spectrum of the Faddeev-Popov operator in topological background fields
Creators: name: Maas, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Gribov-Zwanziger scenario the confinement of gluons is attributed to an enhancement of the spectrum of the Faddeev-Popov operator near eigenvalue zero. This has been observed in functional and also in lattice calculations. The linear rise of the quark-anti-quark potential and thus quark confinement on the other hand seems to be connected to topological excitations. To investigate whether a connection exists between both aspects of confinement, the spectrum of the Faddeev-Popov operator in two topological background fields is determined analytically in SU(2) Yang-Mills theory. It is found that a single instanton, which is likely irrelevant to quark confinement, also sustains only few additional zero-modes. A center vortex, which is likely important to quark confinement, is found to contribute much more zero-modes, provided the vortex is of sufficient flux. Furthermore, the corresponding eigenstates in the vortex case satisfy one necessary condition for the confinement of quarks.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, submitted to EPJC
Third-party transfers in WLCG using HTTP
Creators: name: Bockelman, Brian
name: Ceccanti, Andrea
name: Furano, Fabrizio
name: Millar, Paul
name: Litvintsev, Dmitry
name: Forti, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since its earliest days, the Worldwide LHC Computational Grid (WLCG) has relied on GridFTP to transfer data between sites. The announcement that Globus is dropping support of its open source Globus Toolkit (GT), which forms the basis for several FTP client and servers, has created an opportunity to reevaluate the use of FTP. HTTP-TPC, an extension to HTTP compatible with WebDAV, has arisen as a strong contender for an alternative approach. In this paper, we describe the HTTP-TPC protocol itself, along with the current status of its support in different implementations, and the interoperability testing done within the WLCG DOMA working group's TPC activity. This protocol also provides the first real use-case for token-based authorisation for this community. We will demonstrate the benefits of such authorisation by showing how it allows HTTP-TPC to support new technologies (such as OAuth, OpenID Connect, Macaroons and SciTokens) without changing the protocol. We will also discuss the next steps for HTTP-TPC and the plans to use the protocol for WLCG transfers.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the proceedings of CHEP 2020
Visible pump -- mid infrared pump -- broadband probe: development and characterization of a three-pulse setup for single-shot ultrafast spectroscopy at 50 kHz
Creators: name: Montanaro, Angela
name: Giusti, Francesca
name: Colja, Matija
name: Brajnik, Gabriele
name: Marciniak, Alexandre M. A.
name: Sergo, Rudi
name: De Angelis, Dario
name: Glerean, Filippo
name: Sparapassi, Giorgia
name: Jarc, Giacomo
name: Carrato, Sergio
name: Cautero, Giuseppe
name: Fausti, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here an experimental setup to perform three-pulse pump-probe measurements over a wide wavelength and temperature range. By combining two pump pulses in the visible (650-900 nm) and mid-IR (5-20 $μ$m) range, with a broadband supercontinuum white-light probe, our apparatus enables both the combined selective excitation of different material degrees of freedom and a full time-dependent reconstruction of the non-equilibrium dielectric function of the sample. We describe here the optical setup, the cryogenic sample environment and the custom-made acquisition electronics capable of referenced single-pulse detection of broadband spectra at the maximum repetition rate of 50 kHz, achieving a sensitivity of the order of 10$^{-4}$ over an integration time of 1 s. We demonstrate the performance of the setup by reporting data on mid-IR pump, optical push and broadband probe in a single-crystal of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$Y$_{0.08}$Ca$_{0.92}$Cu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ across the superconducting and pseudogap phases.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Causally pathological spacetimes are physically relevant
Creators: name: Hubeny, Veronika E.
name: Rangamani, Mukund
name: Ross, Simon F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that in the context of string theory, the usual restriction to globally hyperbolic spacetimes should be considerably relaxed. We exhibit an example of a spacetime which only satisfies the causal condition, and so is arbitrarily close to admitting closed causal curves, but which has a well-behaved dual description, free of paradoxes.
description: Latex, 5 pages, 1 figure. Submitted for GRF essay competition
Spatio-Temporal Wildland Arson Crime Functions
Creators: name: Butry, David T.
name: Prestemon, Jeffrey P.
name: Butry, David T.
name: Prestemon, Jeffrey P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Wildland arson creates damages to structures and timber and affects the health and safety of people living in rural and wildland urban interface areas. We develop a model that incorporates temporal autocorrelations and spatial correlations in wildland arson ignitions in Florida. A Poisson autoregressive model of order p, or PAR(p) model, is estimated for six high arson Census tracts in the state for the period 1994-2001. Spatio-temporal lags of wildland arson ignitions are introduced as dummy variables indicating the presence of an ignition in previous days in surrounding Census tracts and counties. Temporal lags of ignition activity within the Census tract are shown to be statistically significant and larger than previously reported for non-spatial variants of the PAR(p) model. Spatio-temporal lagged relationships with current arson that were statistically significant show that arson activity up to a county away explains arson patterns, and spatio-temporal lags longer than two days were not significant. Other variables showing significance include weather and wildfire activity in the previous six years, but prescribed fire and several variables that provide evidence that such activity is consistent with an economic model of crime were less commonly significant.
Absence of long-range order in a general spin-$S$ kagome lattice Ising antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Semjan, M.
name: Žukovič, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of the emergence of some kind of long-range ordering (LRO) due to the increase of multiplicity of the local degrees of freedom (spin value $S$) is studied in an Ising antiferromagnet on a kagome lattice (IAKL) by Monte Carlo simulation. In particular, the critical exponent of the spin correlation function, obtained from a finite-size scaling analysis, is evaluated for various values of $S$, including $S=\infty$, with the goal to determine whether there exists some threshold value of the spin $S_C$ above which the system would show true or quasi-LRO, similar to a related model on a triangular lattice (IATL). It is found that, unlike in the IATL case, the IAKL model remains disordered for any spin value and any finite temperature.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Norm estimates of complex symmetric operators applied to quantum systems
Creators: name: Prodan, Emil
name: Garcia, Stephan R.
name: Putinar, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 47B25;35J10;35P15

description: This paper communicates recent results in theory of complex symmetric operators and shows, through two non-trivial examples, their potential usefulness in the study of Schrödinger operators. In particular, we propose a formula for computing the norm of a compact complex symmetric operator. This observation is applied to two concrete problems related to quantum mechanical systems. First, we give sharp estimates on the exponential decay of the resolvent and the single-particle density matrix for Schrödinger operators with spectral gaps. Second, we provide new ways of evaluating the resolvent norm for Schrödinger operators appearing in the complex scaling theory of resonances.
Strategic Pricing Behavior under Asset Value Maximization
Creators: name: Wang, Shinn-Shyr
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Dhar, Tirtha Pratim
name: Wang, Shinn-Shyr
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Dhar, Tirtha Pratim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Market Value Maximization
subject: AIDS
subject: FIML
subject: Model Selection

description: This paper investigates a comprehensive assessment of firm strategic behavior under financial market uncertainty. A general theoretical model of market value maximization (MVM) is constructed using a traditional capital asset pricing format. The model built on the nonlinear Almost Ideal Demand Systems (AIDS) and structural first-order conditions is developed. By full information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation, the model evaluates pricing strategies in the U.S. margarine and butter retail markets using 4-week interval scanner data from 1998 to 2002. The model of profit maximization is rejected in favor of the MVM structure, and it indicates that financial market uncertainty plays an important role in the pricing behavior in this industry. We estimate the price elasticities of demand for leading brands and investigate the degree of market power in this industry.
Hubble Space Telescope H-Band Imaging Survey of Massive Gas-Rich Mergers
Creators: name: Veilleux, S.
name: Kim, D. -C.
name: Peng, C. Y.
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
name: Dasyra, K. M.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Sanders, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the results from a deep HST NICMOS H-band imaging survey of a carefully selected sample of 33 luminous, late-stage galactic mergers at z < 0.3. Signs of a recent galactic interaction are seen in all of the objects in the HST sample, including all 7 IR-excess Palomar-Green (PG) QSOs in the sample. Unsuspected double nuclei are detected in 5 ULIRGs. A detailed two-dimensional analysis of the surface brightness distributions in these objects indicates that the great majority (81%) of the single-nucleus systems show a prominent early-type morphology. However, low-surface-brightness exponential disks are detected on large scale in at least 4 of these sources. The hosts of 'warm' AGN-like systems are of early type and have less pronounced merger-induced morphological anomalies than the hosts of cool systems with LINER or HII region-like nuclear optical spectral types. The host sizes and luminosities of the 7 PG~QSOs in our sample are statistically indistinguishable from those of the ULIRG hosts. In comparison, highly luminous quasars, such as those studied by Dunlop et al. (2003), have hosts which are larger and more luminous. The hosts of ULIRGs and PG QSOs lie close to the locations of intermediate-size (about 1 -- 2 L*) spheroids in the photometric projection of the fundamental plane of ellipticals, although there is a tendency in our sample for the ULIRGs with small hosts to be brighter than normal spheroids. Excess emission from a young stellar population in the ULIRG/QSO hosts may be at the origin of this difference. Our results provide support for a possible merger-driven evolutionary connection between cool ULIRGs, warm ULIRGs, and PG~QSOs although this sequence may break down at low luminosity. (abridged)
description: Paper to be published in the Astrophysical Journal; revised based on comments from referee. A PDF file combining both text and figures is available at http://www.astro.umd.edu/~veilleux/pubs/nicmos.pdf
Modal decomposition synthesis for localized nonlinear losses at termination of a woodwind model: influence on sound characteristics
Creators: name: Szwarcberg, N
name: Colinot, T
name: Vergez, C
name: Jousserand, M
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sound synthesis model for woodwind instruments is developed using modal decomposition of the input impedance, accounting for viscothermal losses as well as localized nonlinear losses at the end of the resonator. To extend the definition of the input impedance to the nonlinear domain, the method incorporates a dependence on the RMS acoustic velocity at a geometric discontinuity. The poles and residues resulting from the modal decomposition are then fitted with respect to this velocity. Thus, the pressure-flow relation defined by the resonator is completed by new equations which account for the dependence with the RMS velocity at the end of the tube. The ability of the model to reproduce the bifurcation diagram of a reed instrument was confirmed in a previous article from the authors [1]. The present work focuses on the influence of localized nonlinear losses on the acoustic pressure signal. Results are discussed with the observations of [2].
Many body effects in finite metallic carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non homogeneity of the charge distribution in a carbon nanotube leads to the formation of an excitonic resonance, in a similar way to the one observed in X-ray absorption in metals. As a result, a positive anomaly at low bias appears in the tunnelling density of states. This effect depends on the screening of the electron--electron interactions by metallic gates, and it modifies the coupling of the nanotube to normal and superconducting electrodes.
description: 5 pages
The (Bargaining) Power of Incentives: Cooperatives, For-Profit Firms and the Cost of Procurement
Creators: name: Bontems, Philippe
name: Fulton, Murray E.
name: Bontems, Philippe
name: Fulton, Murray E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: In this paper, we show formally that cooperatives can possess an informational - and hence cost - advantage compared to For Profit Firms. This advantage is directly linked to the goal alignment between the cooperative and its members, and is influenced by the extent of income redistribution between members. Hence the standard practice of modeling the cooperative and the FPF as having identical cost structures appears to be theoretically unsound.