cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ideological proximity and voter turnout in multi-level systems: evidence from Spain
Creators: name: Navarrete, Rosa M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Does ideological proximity between the individual and political parties determine electoral participation in regional elections, as much as in national elections? Does the degree of self-rule of a region affect the interplay between ideological distance and turnout? This article addresses these questions and provides empirical evidence drawing upon individual-level and regional-level data from 53 regional elections and 4 national elections in Spain. Results indicate that citizens are more likely to vote when they perceive there is at least one congruent policy option among the party supply, and this happens at both regional and national levels. However, whether the closest party is in national government or whether it is a regionalist organization has a dissimilar impact on turnout in different tiers. This relationship between the type of party which is most ideologically proximate and electoral participation is partially affected by the degree of regional autonomy of the territory.
Deep Conditional Measure Quantization
Creators: name: Turinici, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quantization of a probability measure means representing it with a finite set of Dirac masses that approximates the input distribution well enough (in some metric space of probability measures). Various methods exists to do so, but the situation of quantizing a conditional law has been less explored. We propose a method, called DCMQ, involving a Huber-energy kernel-based approach coupled with a deep neural network architecture. The method is tested on several examples and obtains promising results.
Educational Leadership and Inclusion : Opening Doors for Diversity
Creators: name: Ballard, Amanda
name: Kamarn, Lily
name: Pope, Roxanne
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: This study invited principals and vice principals who self-identify as members of underrepresented groups to share their perspectives on representation in educational leadership. The goal was to uncover supports which helped them in their pursuit of a leadership role and the barriers they faced. Using a questionnaire and follow-up interviews, a qualitative analysis was conducted focusing on the experiences of school-based administrators in the Evergreen School District in British Columbia. The respondents shared thoughts and feelings on discrimination, stereotypes, double standards, misrepresentation, and inequitable representation. They discussed why representation, role models, and mentorship mattered. They also shared how authenticity, resilience, a growth mindset, and relationship building contributed to their success in becoming a school-based administrator. The stories shared can inform and empower others who aspire to administrative leadership roles in education.
No quantum Ramsey theorem for stabilizer codes
Creators: name: Bousba, Yannis
name: Russell, Travis B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study the quantum graphs of mixed-unitary channels generated by tensor products of Pauli operators, which we call Pauli channels. We show that most quantum graphs arising from Pauli channels have non-trivial quantum cliques or quantum anticliques which are stabilizer codes. However, a reformulation of Nik Weaver's quantum Ramsey theorem in terms of stabilizer codes and Pauli channels fails. Specifically, for every positive integer $n$, there exists an $n$-qubit Pauli channel for which any non-trivial quantum clique or quantum anticlique fails to be a stabilizer code.
description: 11 pages, final version. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Information Theory
Water Portfolio and Land Lease Contracts: Evidence from Upper East Bank of Chao Phraya Delta, Thailand
Creators: name: Takeda, Mari
name: Tsukada, Kazunari
name: Takeda, Mari
name: Tsukada, Kazunari
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: water portfolio
subject: land lese contract
subject: water shortage
subject: ground water
subject: collective action

description: Recent studies show that having access to multiple water sources (i.e., having a water portfolio) has positive impacts on land values in semi-arid regions. We examine the relationship between water portfolio and land lease contracts at the plot level in the rice farming area of Central Thailand. Our empirical results reveal that although the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater can help avoid crop failure during drought periods, multiple water sources have no influence on the land lease contracts. We discuss the potential implications for drought management in such environments.
Additional file 2 of Which nurses are victims of bullying: the role of negative affect, core self-evaluations, role conflict and bullying in the nursing staff
Creators: name: Atefeh Homayuni
name: Hosseini, Zahra
name: Teamur Aghamolaei
name: Shahini, Shirin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
On Generalized Fractional Kinetic Equations
Creators: name: Saxena, R. K.
name: Mathai, A. M.
name: Haubold, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33C20 (Primary), 33C90 (Secondary)

description: In a recent paper, Saxena et al. [1] developed the solutions of three generalized fractional kinetic equations in terms of Mittag-Leffler functions. The object of the present paper is to further derive the solution of further generalized fractional kinetic equations. The results are obtained in a compact form in terms of generalized Mittag-Leffler functions. Their relation to fundamental laws of physics is briefly discussed.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX
Government termination in multilevel settings. How party congruence affects the survival of sub-national governments in Germany and Spain
Creators: name: Martínez-Cantó, Javier
name: Bergmann, Henning
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Past studies on government survival in parliamentary democracies have been limited to national governments. However, most societies live in a multilevel polity where different policies are decided at distinct governmental layers. So far, the conditions triggering sub-national governments’ termination have remained unexplored. Our paper makes a twofold contribution to the literature. First, we explicitly focus our analysis on the sub-national government level. Second, we expand the analytical scope by assuming a multilevel setting, in which the survival of sub-national governments is dependent on both the party composition of the national government (vertical congruence) and their sub-national peers (horizontal congruence). We test the impact of both congruence measures on the early termination risk of regional governments. Our analysis is complemented by including “traditional” factors from national government termination literature, such as structural attributes of governments and their bargaining environment, into empirical modelling. Analysing a novel dataset on 494 regional governments in Germany and Spain we find that the risk of sub-national government termination is related to varying levels of vertical congruence. Furthermore, we find interesting explanatory variation between the two countries with regard to the effect size of economic performance, regional authority and congruence.
DVCS on nuclei: Observability and Consequences
Creators: name: Freund, A.
name: Strikman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss the feasibility of measuring deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) on nuclei in a collider setting, as for example, the planned high-luminosity Electron-Ion-Collider (EIC). We demonstrate that employing our recent model for nuclear generalized parton distributions (nGPDs), the one-photon unpolarized DVCS cross section as well as the azimuthal- and spin asymmetry are of the same size as in the proton case. This will allow for an experimental extraction of nuclear GPDs with high precision shedding new light on nuclear shadowing at small $x_{bj}$ and the interplay of shadowing and nuclear enhancement at $x_{bj}~0.1$.
description: 9 pages, 18 figures, uses EPJ style format, final version to appear in EPJ C
Quasiparticle poisoning of Majorana qubits
Creators: name: Karzig, Torsten
name: Cole, William S.
name: Pikulin, Dmitry I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Qubits based on Majorana zero modes are a promising path towards topological quantum computing. Such qubits, though, are susceptible to quasiparticle poisoning which does not have to be small by topological argument. We study the main sources of the quasiparticle poisoning relevant for realistic devices -- non-equilibrium above-gap quasiparticles and equilibrium localized subgap states. Depending on the parameters of the system and the architecture of the qubit either of these sources can dominate the qubit decoherence. However, we find in contrast to naive estimates that in moderately disordered, floating Majorana islands the quasiparticle poisoning can have timescales exceeding seconds.
description: v2: 8 pages, 3 figures
Unnatural partners: coalescence in Israeli local government
Creators: name: Or Tuttnauer
name: Friedman, Avital
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer

description: A prominent finding in coalition formation literature is that the underlying political rationale at the subnational level largely follows that of the one revealed by the classic literature on national coalitions. The Israeli political system is extremely centralized, with a local government that is highly dependent on its national counterpart. One could expect such a setting to result in local party behaviour that closely resembles the national one. However, as we show, this is far from being the case. We analyze 34 municipal coalitions in the 17 largest Israeli cities. After establishing that Israeli municipal politics fly in the face of classical coalition formation theories, we turn to explain this discrepancy with a qualitative analysis of interviews with 5 formatuers and 8 councillors. We conclude that mayors face low costs of adding surplus coalition partners, while standing to gain from wider legitimacy, weaker opposition, and constrained future competition. At the same time, municipal lists have strong resource- and policy-related incentives to join the coalition while compromise is met with low political costs. The result is an overwhelming predominance of oversized coalitions and partnerships which would be highly improbable at the national arena.
PREFER publications
Creators: name: PREFER-Patient Preferences In Benefit Risk Assessments During The Drug Life Cycle
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Patient Preference

description: PREFER is developing recommendations for when and how patient preferences can contribute to industry, regulatory and HTA decision making throughout the medical product life cycle. We include patient stakeholders at every level of the project. This pdf booklet includes a list of our publications in chronological order (latest first), with abstracts and links to full text. The list was updated on 23 September 2021.
Time resolved excitonic coherent polarization dynamics in GaAs multiple quantum wells
Creators: name: Pal, Bipul
name: Vengurlekar, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate pump induced modulation in the temporal evolution of the excitonic coherent polarization generated by a probe pulse in GaAs multiple quantum wells. For this, we perform fs time resolved pump-probe reflectivity measurements using frequency upconversion at both positive and negative pump-probe delays. A contribution arising from interference of excitonic linear and nonlinear polarization, which is usually not considered in describing pump-probe experiments, is required to understand the results.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Mistshenkoana nhachangi Gorochov 2007
Creators: name: Wei, Shu-Fei
name: Hu, Tian-Hao
name: Ɨȏ, Dan Wang
name: He, Zhu-Qing
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllidae
Mistshenkoana
Mistshenkoana nhachangi

description: Mistshenkoana nhachangi Gorochov, 2007
(Figs 2G; 4C; 6C; 10)
Mistshenkoana nhachangi Gorochov, 2007: 260.
MATERIAL. — China • 1 ♂ (1372); Hainan Prov., Changjiang, Baomeiling Provincial Nature Reserve; 19°17’N, 109°05’E; 11.VIII.2018; Zhu-Qing He leg.; ECNU; GenBank: OR033139.
DIAGNOSIS.—Almost uniform light yellowish brown (Figs 2G; 10A). Hindwings distinctly longer than forewings. Comb of tegminal Sc with 8-9 branches. Slight darkenings around majority of crossveins in distal half of tegminal dorsal part. Darkened bases of spines of hind tibiae (Fig. 4C). This species resembling to M. kongtumensis in size and shape, but different in ocelli, hind wings and genitalia. Ocelli of this species distinctly larger (Fig. 6C, D); hindwings of this species distinctly longer than forewings, while those of M. kongtumensis slightly longer than forewings; genitalia of this species more slender (Fig. 10 B-D).
MEASUREMENTS (MM). — ♂ SZ: 13.1; BL: 9.8; PL: 1.8; FWL: 8.5; HFL: 6.3.
DISTRIBUTION. — China (Hainan); Vietnam.
description: Published as part of Wei, Shu-Fei, Hu, Tian-Hao, Ɨȏ, Dan Wang & He, Zhu-Qing, 2024, Taxonomy of the genus Mistshenkoana Gorochov, 1990 from China: combined molecular and morphological studies (Orthoptera, Grylloidea, Oecanthidae, Podoscirtinae), pp. 847-862 in Zoosystema 46 (33) on pages 857-858, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a33, http://zenodo.org/record/14551117
Additional file 1 of Poplar protease inhibitor expression differs in an herbivore specific manner
Creators: name: Eberl, Franziska
name: Fabisch, Thomas
name: Luck, Katrin
name: Köllner, Tobias G.
name: Vogel, Heiko
name: Gershenzon, Jonathan
name: Unsicker, Sybille B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Feeding damage by the three herbivores and trypsin-inhibiting activity in poplar. Table S2. Primer sequences used for cloning and qRT-PCR. Table S3. Differential expression of contigs annotated as protease inhibitors in the transcriptome of black poplar leaves. Table S4. Nomenclature of KTI homologs in this and other studies. Table S5. Quantification cycles of the qRT-PCR analysis for individual KTI genes.
title: Using Proximity Sensors To Characterize Social Contact Patterns Relevant To The Transmission Of Respiratory Viruses In Schools And Households.
Creators: name: Kiti, Moses Chapa
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: This thesis reports the use of wearable sensors to obtain proximity data from students in schools and household residents in Kenya. Data on who-contacts-whom quantifies behaviour that underpins pathogen transmission usable in mathematical simulations to evaluate interventions such as vaccination. A subset of students from two schools were recruited from rural and urban areas, including residents linked to some of the participating students. Data were collected on different dates for each site, but collection was hindered by low sensor numbers, administrative bottlenecks, student absenteeism, and resident out-migrations. This resulted in 4 study sites enrolling 595 (303 school) and 233 (136 school) participants in rural and urban locations, respectively. Each participant carried a proximity sensor over 7 days. On average, each student was in contact with 38% (rural) and 31% (urban) other participating students. Contact number and duration were assortative by grade in the rural school, with considerable inter-grade mixing in the urban school. Weekends registered low interactions due to school closure, but mixing was reported by older students who attended school on Saturday. In the households, children (5-14 years) in rural and adults (20-49 years) in urban sites interacted most with children under-5 years. The duration of interaction was higher within- versus between-households, suggesting that infections dependent on cumulative exposure time may have higher transmissibility within households. Observed high between-household network density suggests that these interactions may lead to substantial inter-household transmission of endemic infections. Finally, a framework is proposed for an agent-based model that can be used in future to investigate the implications of observed intra- and inter-household interaction patterns on the transmission dynamics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In the absence of a vaccine against RSV, the impact of alternative strategies to prevent infection in infants, such as vaccinating older children, can be safely investigated using computer simulations.
The statistical mechanics of complex signaling networks : nerve growth factor signaling
Creators: name: Brown, Kevin S.
name: Hill, Colin C.
name: Calero, Guillermo A.
name: Lee, Kelvin H.
name: Sethna, James P.
name: Cerione, Richard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: It is becoming increasingly appreciated that the signal transduction systems used by eukaryotic cells to achieve a variety of essential responses represent highly complex networks rather than simple linear pathways. While significant effort is being made to experimentally measure the rate constants for individual steps in these signaling networks, many of the parameters required to describe the behavior of these systems remain unknown, or at best, estimates. With these goals and caveats in mind, we use methods of statistical mechanics to extract useful predictions for complex cellular signaling networks. To establish the usefulness of our approach, we have applied our methods towards modeling the nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation of neuronal cells. Using our approach, we are able to extract predictions that are highly specific and accurate, thereby enabling us to predict the influence of specific signaling modules in determining the integrated cellular response to the two growth factors. We show that extracting biologically relevant predictions from complex signaling models appears to be possible even in the absence of measurements of all the individual rate constants. Our methods also raise some interesting insights into the design and possible evolution of cellular systems, highlighting an inherent property of these systems wherein particular ''soft'' combinations of parameters can be varied over wide ranges without impacting the final output and demonstrating that a few ''stiff'' parameter combinations center around the paramount regulatory steps of the network. We refer to this property -- which is distinct from robustness -- as ''sloppiness.''
description: 24 pages, 10 EPS figures, 1 GIF (makes 5 multi-panel figs + caption for GIF), IOP style; supp. info/figs. included as brown_supp.pdf
Explicit energy-conserving modification of relativistic PIC method
Creators: name: Gonoskov, Arkady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of explicit particle-in-cell (PIC) method for relativistic plasma simulations is restricted by numerical heating and instabilities that may significantly constrain the choice of time and space steps. To partially eliminate these limitations we consider a possibility to enforce exact energy conservation by altering the standard time step splitting. Instead of updating particles in a given field and then the field using the current they produce, we consider subsystems that describe the coupling of a single particle and the field at the nearby nodes and solve them with enforced energy conservation sequentially for all particles, which is completed by the field update with zero current. Such an approach is compatible with various advances, ranging from accounting for additional physical effects to the use of numerical-dispersion-free field solvers, high-order weighting shapes and particle push subcycling. To facilitate further considerations and use, we provide a basic implementation in a 3D, relativistic, spectral code $π$-PIC, which we make publicly available. The method and its implementations are verified using simulations of cold plasma oscillations, Landau damping and relativistic two-stream instability. The capabilities of the method to deal with large time and space steps are demonstrated in the problem of plasma heating by intense incident radiation.
High temperature annealing enhanced diamond 13C hyperpolarization at room temperature
Creators: name: Gierth, M.
name: Krespach, V.
name: Shames, A. I.
name: Raghavan, P.
name: Druga, E.
name: Nunn, N.
name: Torelli, M.
name: Nirodi, R.
name: Le, S.
name: Zhao, R.
name: Aguilar, A.
name: Lv, X.
name: Shen, M.
name: Meriles, C. A.
name: Reimer, J. A.
name: Zaitsev, A.
name: Pines, A.
name: Shenderova, O.
name: Ajoy, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Methods of optical dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) open the door to the replenishable hyperpolarization of nuclear spins, boosting their NMR/MRI signature by orders of magnitude. Nanodiamond powder rich in negatively charged Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) defect centers has recently emerged as one such promising platform, wherein 13C nuclei can be hyperpolarized through the optically pumped defects completely at room temperature and at low magnetic fields. Given the compelling possibility of relaying this 13C polarization to nuclei in external liquids, there is an urgent need for the engineered production of highly "hyperpolarizable" diamond particles. In this paper, we report on a systematic study of various material dimensions affecting optical 13C hyperpolarization in diamond particles -- especially electron irradiation and annealing conditions that drive NV center formation. We discover surprisingly that diamond annealing at elevated temperatures close to 1720C have remarkable effects on the hyperpolarization levels, enhancing them by upto 36-fold over materials annealed through conventional means. We unravel the intriguing material origins of these gains, and demonstrate they arise from a simultaneous improvement in NV electron relaxation time and coherence time, as well as the reduction of paramagnetic content, and an increase in 13C relaxation lifetimes. Overall this points to significant recovery of the diamond lattice from radiation damage as a result of the high-temperature annealing. Our work suggests methods for the guided materials production of fluorescent, 13C hyperpolarized, nanodiamonds and pathways for their use as multi-modal (optical and MRI) imaging and hyperpolarization agents.
description: 10+4 pages
Invisible decays of Higgs and other mesons in models with singlet neutrinos in large extra dimensions
Creators: name: Deshpande, N. G.
name: Ghosh, Dilip Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In light of current atmospheric neutrino oscillation data, we revisit the invisible decay of the standard model Higgs boson and other pseudoscalar mesons which can be enhanced because of large number of KK modes in models with right handed singlet neutrinos in large extra dimensions. We find that the invisible decay rate of Higgs can be as large as $H\to b \bar b $ decay rate only for a very restricted region of parameter space. This parameter space is even further restricted if one demands that the dimensionless neutrino Yukawa coupling $ł$ is O(1). We have also studied the scenarios where singlet neutrino propagate in a sub-space, which lowers the string scale $M_{\ast}$ and keeps neutrino Yukawa coupling O(1). We have also considered decays of other spin-0 mesons to $ν\barν$ and found the rates to be too small for measurement.
description: 14 pages, Latex, 4 postscript figures. Includes further discussions of invisible decay of Higgs and other mesons in the asymmetric scenario, where singlet neutrinos propagate in extra-dimensions with the largest size. Final conclusion remain unchanged. More references added, version to appear in PLB
title: Detecting Personal Life Events from Social Media
Creators: name: Dickinson, Thomas Kier
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: Social media has become a dominating force over the past 15 years, with the rise of sites such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. Some of us have been with these sites since the start, posting all about our personal lives and building up a digital identify of ourselves. But within this myriad of posts, what actually matters to us, and what do our digital identities tell people about ourselves? One way that we can start to filter through this data, is to build classifiers that can identify posts about our personal life events, allowing us to start to self reflect on what we share online. The advantages of this type of technology also have direct merits within marketing, allowing companies to target customers with better products. We also suggest that the techniques and methodologies built throughout this thesis also have opportunities to support research within other areas such as cyber bullying, and radicalisation detection. The aim of this thesis is to build upon the under researched area of life event detection, specifically targeting Twitter, and Instagram. Our goal is to develop classifiers that identify a list of life events inspired by cognitive psychology, where we target a total of seven within this thesis. To achieve this we look to answer three research questions covered in each of our empirical chapters. In our first empirical chapter, we ask; What features would improve the classification of important life events. To answer this, we look at first extracting a new dataset from Twitter targeting the following events: Getting Married, Having Children, Starting School, Falling in Love, and Death of a Parent. We look at three new feature sets: interactions, content, and semantic features, and compare against a current state of the art technique. In our second empirical chapter, we draw inspiration from cheminformatics, and frequent sub-graph mining to ask; Could the inclusion of semantic and syntactic patterns improve performance in our life event classifier. Here we look at expanding our tweets into semantic networks, as well as consider two forms of syntactic relationships between tokens. We then mine for frequent sub-graphs amongst our tweet graphs, and use these as features in our classifier. Our results produce F1 scores of between 0.65 and 0.77, providing an improvement between 0.01 and 0.04 against the current state of the art. In our final empirical chapter, we look to answer our third research question; How can we detect important life events from other social media sites, such as Instagram?. We ask this question, as we believe Instagram to be a preferred environment to share personal life events. In this chapter, we extract a new dataset, targeting the following events: Getting Married, Having Children, Starting School, Graduation, and Buying a House. Our results find that our methodology provides F1 scores between 0.78, and 0.82, an improvement in F1 score between 0.01 and 0.04 against the current state of the art.
One or two arenas? The break-up between national and regional elections author information
Creators: name: Amat, Francesc
name: Jurado, Ignacio
name: León, Sandra
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plasma Physics

description: This paper shows that the role of national electoral dynamics on regional elections is highly mediated by institutional and electoral constraints at the regional level. Using data on statewide parties’ electoral competition in regional and national elections in Spain and Italy, results show that the contamination of regional elections is lower in regions where decentralization has travelled further and where strong regionalist parties dominate electoral competition. The paper also shows that these two channels -more regional authority and more regionalist competition- shape the regional manifestos of statewide parties by increasing their pro-regional positions. These findings represent a contribution to a better understanding of the extent to which regional elections are a separate electoral arena from the national one.
Successful production of Solution Blow Spun YBCO+Ag complex ceramics
Creators: name: Pessoa, A. L.
name: Raine, M. J.
name: Hampshire, D. P.
name: Namburi, D. K.
name: Durrell, J. H.
name: Zadorosny, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: YBCO fabrics composed of nanowires, produced by solution blow spinning (SBS) are so brittle that the Lorentz force produced by induced currents can be strong enough to damage them. On the other hand, it is known that silver addition improves the mechanical and flux pinning properties of ceramic superconductors. Thus, in this work, we show how we successfully obtained a polymeric precursor solution containing YBCO$+$Ag salts, which can be spun by the SBS route to produce ceramic samples. Yttrium, barium, copper, and silver metal acetates, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (in a ratio of 5:1wt [PVP:acetates]) were dissolved in a solution with 61.5 wt\% of methanol, 12 wt\% of propionic acid, and 26.5 wt\% of ammonium hydroxide, together with 6 wt\% of PVP in solution. Three different amounts of silver (10 wt\%, 20 wt\%, and 30 wt\%) were used in YBa$_2$Cu$_3$O$_{7-x}$. The TGA characterizations revealed a lowering of crystallization and partial melting temperatures by about \SI{30}{\celsius}. SEM images show that after burning out the polymer, a fabric composed of nanowires of diameters up to \SI{380}{\nano \metre} is produced. However, after the sintering process at \SI{925}{\celsius} for \SI{1}{\hour}, the nanowires shrink into a porous-like sample.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, submited to Ceramics International
A Bayesian Optimization approach for calibrating large-scale activity-based transport models
Creators: name: Agriesti, Serio
name: Kuzmanovski, Vladimir
name: Hollmén, Jaakko
name: Roncoli, Claudio
name: Nahmias-Biran, Bat-hen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use of Agent-Based and Activity-Based modeling in transportation is rising due to the capability of addressing complex applications such as disruptive trends (e.g., remote working and automation) or the design and assessment of disaggregated management strategies. Still, the broad adoption of large-scale disaggregate models is not materializing due to the inherently high complexity and computational needs. Activity-based models focused on behavioral theory, for example, may involve hundreds of parameters that need to be calibrated to match the detailed socio-economical characteristics of the population for any case study. This paper tackles this issue by proposing a novel Bayesian Optimization approach incorporating a surrogate model in the form of an improved Random Forest, designed to automate the calibration process of the behavioral parameters. The proposed method is tested on a case study for the city of Tallinn, Estonia, where the model to be calibrated consists of 477 behavioral parameters, using the SimMobility MT software. Satisfactory performance is achieved in the major indicators defined for the calibration process: the error for the overall number of trips is equal to 4% and the average error in the OD matrix is 15.92 vehicles per day.
Three-dimensional flows in slowly-varying planar geometries
Creators: name: Lauga, Eric
name: Stroock, Abraham D.
name: Stone, Howard A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider laminar flow in channels constrained geometrically to remain between two parallel planes; this geometry is typical of microchannels obtained with a single step by current microfabrication techniques. For pressure-driven Stokes flow in this geometry and assuming that the channel dimensions change slowly in the streamwise direction, we show that the velocity component perpendicular to the constraint plane cannot be zero unless the channel has both constant curvature and constant cross-sectional width. This result implies that it is, in principle, possible to design "planar mixers", i.e. passive mixers for channels that are constrained to lie in a flat layer using only streamwise variations of their in-plane dimensions. Numerical results are presented for the case of a channel with sinusoidally varying width.
ALMA Detection of 321 GHz water maser emission in the radio galaxy NGC 1052
Creators: name: Kameno, Seiji
name: Harikane, Yuichi
name: Sawada-Satoh, Satoko
name: Sawada, Tsuyoshi
name: Saito, Toshiki
name: Nakanishi, Kouichiro
name: Humphreys, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) serendipitously detected H$_2$O $J_{Ka, Kc} = 10_{2,9} - 9_{3,6}$ emission at 321 GHz in NGC 1052. This is the first submillimeter maser detection in a radio galaxy and the most luminous 321-GHz H$_2$O maser known to date with the isotropic luminosity of 1090 $L_{\odot}$. The line profile consists of a broad velocity component with FWHM $= 208 \pm 12$ km s$^{-1}$ straddling the systemic velocity and a narrow component with FWHM $= 44 \pm 3$ km s$^{-1}$ blueshifted by 160 km s$^{-1}$. The profile is significantly different from the known 22-GHz $6_{1,6} - 5_{2,3}$ maser which shows a broad profile redshifted by 193 km s$^{-1}$. The submillimeter maser is spatially unresolved with a synthesized beam of $0^{\prime \prime}.68 \times 0^{\prime \prime}.56$ and coincides with the continuum core position within 12 pc. These results indicate amplification of the continuum emission through high-temperature ($>1000$ K) and dense ($n({\rm H}_2{\rm O}) > 10^4$ cm$^{-3}$) molecular gas in front of the core
description: 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Publications of Astronomical Society of Japan
Beyond the fancy table : how does classroom learning space design affect student social and emotional well-being?
Creators: name: Domeier, Lisa
name: Wiebe, Curtis
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2020

description: Elementary students spend the majority of their school day learning in classrooms and how does this design of this learning space affect student social and emotional well-being? Does classroom learning design really lead to improved student well-being? We hoped to shed some academic light on the elements of learning space design such arrangement, materials, natural light and auditory design that contribute to a student’s feeling at home in a classroom. Space is important in schools and often a point of major contention. We wondered how elementary educators are redesigning their learning spaces to support student social and emotional well-being. Also, we pondered how district experts responsible for social and emotional learning and architecture approach the issues of space and student social and emotional well-being (SEWB). We found that elementary educators and students are co-designing classroom learning spaces, making meaningful changes that contribute to a feeling of community in the space. We interviewed three elementary teachers and two district specialists around classroom design in relation to SEWB. Their qualitative interview data provided the research basis for our inquiry. Design changes to elements such as seating, acoustics, and lighting are positively affecting SEWB, but challenges such as teacher education, static group-thought around classroom design, inadequate funding and physical design limitations inhibit implementation. Further research, dialogue and education with all parties at the design table will help us to realize why the design of learning spaces such as the classroom are so important to improving student SEWB.
A Tracer-Based Algorithm for Automatic Generation of Seafloor Age Grids from Plate Tectonic Reconstructions
Creators: name: Karlsen, Krister S.
name: Domeier, Mathew
name: Gaina, Carmen
name: Conrad, Clinton P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The age of the ocean floor and its time-dependent age distribution control fundamental features of the Earth, such as bathymetry, sea level and mantle heat loss. Recently, the development of increasingly sophisticated reconstructions of past plate motions has provided models for plate kinematics and plate boundary evolution back in geological time. These models implicitly include the information necessary to determine the age of ocean floor that has since been lost to subduction. However, due to the lack of an automated and efficient method for generating global seafloor age grids, many tectonic models, most notably those extending back into the Paleozoic, are published without an accompanying set of age models for oceanic lithosphere. Here we present an automatic, tracer-based algorithm that generates seafloor age grids from global plate tectonic reconstructions with defined plate boundaries. Our method enables us to produce the first seafloor age models for the Paleozoic's lost ocean basins. Estimated changes in sea level based on bathymetry inferred from our new age grids show good agreement with sea level record estimations from proxies, providing a possible explanation for the peak in sea level during the assembly phase of Pangea. This demonstrates how our seafloor age models can be directly compared with observables from the geologic record that extend further back in time than the constraints from preserved seafloor. Thus, our new algorithm may also aid the further development of plate tectonic reconstructions by strengthening the links between geological observations and tectonic reconstructions of deeper time.
title: Targeted-metabolomics Of Phytoplankton Blooms In The Gulf of Naples And Effects Of Algal Oxylipins On The Reproduction And Gene Expression Of The Copepod Temora stylifera
Creators: name: Russo, Ennio
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2019

description: Diatoms, dominant phytoplankton in the world’s ocean, synthesize a large number of oxylipins, fatty-acid-derived bioactive metabolites that impair cell proliferation. Oxylipins were originally proposed as defensive molecules hindering the reproductive success of grazer copepods through a maternal effect. In the present thesis, a targeted-metabolomics approach was applied to quantify six non-volatile oxylipins and the fatty acids from surface phytoplankton collected in the Gulf of Naples (Italy) along the year 2017. Potential effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the population dynamics of Temora stylifera (a dominating copepod species in the sampling area) were analysed in terms of reproductive potential and molecular responses of wild copepods captured in the sampling year. A de novo transcriptomic approach allowed comparing the transcriptional profiling of adult females at high and low naupliar survival rates. Expression of 13 sequences selected after the RNA-Seq analysis was quantified through RT-qPCR in wild copepod females along 2017. In the laboratory, physiological and molecular responses of T. stylifera females were analysed after feeding on four diatom mono-algal diets isolated from the Gulf of Naples and characterized in terms of oxylipin synthesis potential and nutritional value. Overall, the results shed more light on plankton ecology and in particular on diatom-copepod interactions. A potential role of oxylipins as signalling molecules in natural diatom communities is proposed and discussed, opening new scenarios in diatom chemical ecology studies. No clear effects of NVOs on the reproductive potential and the molecular responses of wild T. stylifera females were detected. A delayed negative effect of Chaetoceros (one of the most abundant diatom genera in the Gulf of Napels) on naupliar survival rates was observed, partially explaining the maximum population density of T. stylifera occurring in autumn. Transcriptional profiling suggested a gene regulation possibly aimed at maximizing the reproductive success of the copepod. The genes ATP-Dependent RNA Helicase (me31b), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor (VLDLR) and cAMP-Responsive Element-Binding Protein (CREBL) were significantly related to egg production and could constitute sentinel sequences to estimate the reproductive potential of wild copepods in subsequent field surveys. Laboratory experiments suggested different physiological and molecular responses of T. stylifera females to the four diatoms, possibly indicating gene expression modulation in response to different chemical signatures of the diets.
Mandates matter: how decisive victories enhance expectations about government performance
Creators: name: Kolpinskaya, Ekaterina
name: Katz, Gabriel
name: Banducci, Susan
name: Stevens, Daniel
name: Coan, Travis
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Elections are the main instrument through which voters can exercise influence over public policy. However, the relationship between electoral outcomes and government policy performance is under-researched. In particular, little is known about the effect that the perceived narrowness of electoral victories has on expectations about incumbents’ policy behaviour. Drawing on the literature on electoral mandates and framing theory, we examine how the way in which election results are portrayed by the media affects citizens’ confidence that winners will enact their policy programmes, using the 2015 UK election as a case study. Based on a survey experiment conducted after the race, we find that victories depicted as narrow increased scepticism about the incoming government’s ability to deliver on its promises, contradicting normative theories of electoral competition. Instead, and consistent with mandate interpretations, subjects – especially less political knowledgeable ones – became more likely to trust in the government’s ability to fulfil its campaign pledges when the Conservative victory was presented as decisive. Besides shedding light on the link between the framing of election results and expectations about government performance, our results have potentially relevant implications for understanding how such expectations may affect actual policy-making and the enforcement of accountability.
Spin-s wavefunctions with algebraic order
Creators: name: Narayan, Onuttom
name: Shastry, B. Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the Gutzwiller wavefunction for s = 1/2 spin chains to construct a family of wavefunctions for all s > 1/2. Through numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the spin spin correlation functions for all s decay as a power law with logarithmic corrections. This is done by mapping the model to a classical statistical mechanical model, which has coupled Ising spin chains with long range interactions. The power law exponents are those of the Wess Zumino Witten models with k = 2s. Thus these simple wavefunctions reproduce the spin correlations of the family of Hamiltonians obtained by the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Understanding people’s choice when they have two votes
Creators: name: Rheault, Ludovic
name: Blais, Andre
name: Aldrich, John H.
name: Gschwend, Thomas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This paper introduces a model of vote choice in mixed-member proportional representation systems where electors cast two votes. Despite the growing popularity of mixed systems around the world, a recent stream of literature suggests that the candidate vote contaminates the list vote, inducing the type of behavior observed under majority rule. We propose a new approach to account for these so-called “contamination” effects, a phenomenon that we define as a causal influence making choices more similar across the vote decisions. Since causality entails a time ordering, we argue that contamination arises only when voters choose sequentially. By making use of new survey questions asking respondents about the timing of vote decisions, we can estimate the magnitude of these contamination effects directly. The model is tested using Bayesian multinomial probit models with survey data from the 2013 federal election in Germany. A key contribution of this paper is to show that contamination effects are present only among voters with lower levels of education, and work primarily from the list vote to the candidate vote. We also test a number of predictions about the determinants of the two vote choices in mixed systems.