Kalophrynus Tschudi 1838
Creators: name: Zug, George R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Amphibia
Anura
Microhylidae
Kalophrynus

description: Kalophrynus Tschudi, 1838
Sticky Frogs
Type species: Kalophrynus pleurostigma Tschudi, 1838.
DEFINITION.— Small to medium-sized microhylid frogs (adults, 17–60 mm SVL) with deltoid to ovate dorsal body outline, narrowest anteriorly, and well-developed, moderate-length fore- and hindlimbs. Dorsal skin thick, surface typically granular, often spiny, and strongly glandular.
Skull with prevomer divided and postchoanal portion absent; palatine absent; ethmoids small or absent. Pectoral girdle with well-developed clavicles and procoracoids reaching ventral midline cartilage and laterally the scapulae; omosternum small, cartilaginous; sternum large, cartilaginous. Terminal phalanges T-shaped.
Pupil round to slightly horizontal elliptical. Tongue oblong to obovate, posterior edge blunt to rounded, and half to two-thirds free. Palate with two to three transverse ridges or folds, anterior one (vomerine) smooth, usually medially interrupted, and adenticulate just behind choanae, middle one (postorbital) smooth and adenticulate between posterior edges of orbits, and posterior one (buccal) variably segmented and adenticulate lying about halfway between rear of orbits and epiglottis.
Species Range of adult SVL Inguinal spots Ocellus Forefoot Females Males Present color digit formula
Kalophrynus anya sp nov.1
North Myanmar 36–47 34–41 yes,occasionally absent black light-edged 3>2≈1>4
Borneo
Kalophrynus baluensis 2 to47 to36 yes yellow None or dark brown-edged 3>2>1>4
Kalophrynus barioensis 3
Borneo 21 18–20 yes black none 3>2>1>4
Kalophrynus bunguranus 4
Great Natuna Isl. 25–27 22–23 yes black none 3>2>1>4
Kalophrynus calciphilus 5
Borneo 35–39 29–30 no none none 3>2>1>4
Vietnam
Kalophrynus cryptophonus 6 23 28–30 yes black none 3>2>4>1
Kalophrynus eok 7
Borneo? 26 no none none 3>2>1>4
Kalophrynus heterochirus 8
Borneo 30–33 24–27 yes bluish-white none 3>2>1>4
Vietnam
Kalophrynus honbaensis 9? 27–37 yes black light-edged 3>2>4>1
Kalophrynus interlineatus 10
SE Asia 35–46 34–45 yes,occasionally absent black light-edged 3>2≈1>4
Borneo
Kalophrynus intermedius 11 38–41? no none none 3>2>1>4
Kalophrynus limbooliati 12
West Malaysia? 26–29 yes dark none 3>2>1>4
Hindfoot webbing at base
at base or slightly beyond
at base or slightly beyond
at base
at base
at base
at base
one-third
one-third
one-third
~two-thirds
at base or slightly beyond
Borneo Kalophrynus meizon sp nov.13 35–60 37–50 yes black light-edged 3>2≈1≈4 one half to two-thirds
Kalophrynus menglienicus 14
China? 20–23 yes none none 3>4>2>1 slight to none
Kalophrynus minusculus 15 Java&Sumatra to35 to25 no none none??
Kalophrynus nubicola 16
Borneo 21–24 19–20 no none none 3>2>1>4 ~one-third
NE
Kalophrynus
India
orangensis 17 35–38 36–38 yes black light-edged 3>2>1>4 at base
Kalophrynus palmatissimus 18
West Malaysia 31–39 31–39 no none none 3>2>1=4 two-thirds Kalophrynus pleurostigma 19
Sumatra
34–35? yes black light-edged 3>2≈1>4 ~one-third
Borneo
Kalophrynus punctatus 20? 22–27 no none none 3>2≈1>4 at base
West
Kalophrynus
Malaysia
robinsoni 21 18+ 17–18 no none none 3>2>1>4 one-third
Philippines
Kalophrynus sinensis 22 39–46 35–42 yes,occasionally absent black light-edged 3>2≈1>4 variable,one-third to two-thirds
Borneo
Kalophrynus subterrestris 23 26–27 21–23 yes,occasionally absent black none 3>2>1>4 one-third
Kalophrynus tiomanensis 24
West Malaysia 25–26 26 yes dark brown yes 3>2≈1>4 at base or slightly beyond
West
Kalophrynus
Malaysia
yongi 25? 29–31 yes black none 3>2>1>4 at base
&Haas D, ATA 2003;7 RESOURCES,. Vassilieva1,this et al. study,; 2014 2,;8 Kiew., Boulenger 1984b,,1900 Malkmus,Inger et, al., 1966 2002;9;,3, Vassilieva Matsui&et al., Nishikawa 2014;,10, 2011this;4, study; Günther11,,Inger 1895,,1966 Inger;,12, 1966; Matsui 5, et Dehling al,., 2012 2011;, 13, Inger this,1966 study;,6, Inger Das, 1966 1966;;14 21,,Yang Dehling&,Su, 2011, 1980, Smith Fei,,1922 1999;,22 Fei,this et al., study2010,; Inger15,,1954 Iskandar,, Taylor1998,; 1921 16;,23, Dring, Inger, 1983; 1966 17;,24, Dutta Chan et et al., al., 2000 2011;; 18, 25, Dehling Matsui,,2011 2009,.Kiew,1984a;19,this study;20,Inger, A“?”denotes that datum is not available.
Tympanum always visible, although posterodorsal edge often partially overlapped by edge of thick glandular dorsal skin. Digit well-developed and not expanded distally. Forefoot usually without webbing or slight basal webbing, basal to moderate webbing on hindfoot. Both fore- and hindfeet with numerous subarticular tubercles. Commonly, snout with short, pointed proboscis.
CONTENT.— Twenty-five species (Table 3) with the greatest diversity in Borneo (ten endemic species).
DISTRIBUTION.— Northeast India (Assam, West Bengal) and northern Bangladesh (Rajshahi), north-central Myanmar (Sagaing, Kachin), peninsular Myanmar (Mon, Tanintharyi), Southeast Asia (Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Cambodia), southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan, Guangdon, Fujian), Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan, Sarawak, Brunei, Sabah), and Philippines (southeastern islands). See Fig. 4.
description: Published as part of Zug, George R., 2015, Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs, pp. 135-190 in Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (5) on pages 147-150, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11512244