Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) parrae
Creators: name: David, Jerome
name: Roux, Michel
name: Messing, Charles G.
name: Ameziane, Nadia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2006
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Crinoidea
Isocrinida
Pentacrinitidae
Endoxocrinus
Endoxocrinus parrae

description: Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) parrae [Gervais (in Guérin, 1835)]
Figures 4 b–f, 5a–c, 18, 19a, 20a.
Synonymy: Encrinus parrae Gervais (in Guérin, 1835): 49; Pentacrinus caput­medusae Müller, 1843 (pars):; Pentacrinus mülleri Oersted, 1856: 202; Pentacrinus (Neocrinus) mülleri Thomson, 1864: 7; Isocrinus parrae A.H. Clark, 1908a: 687; Endoxocrinus parrae A.H.Clark, 1908b: 151; Cenocrinus parrae Döderlein, 1912: 21; Diplocrinus carolinae A.H. Clark, 1934: 4; Endoxocrinus prionodes H.L. Clark, 1941: 6; Diplocrinus (Endoxocrinus) parrae Roux, 1978: A9 (unpublished data); Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) mülleri David, 1998: 203 (unpublished data) and Roux et al., 2002: 820; Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) carolinae Roux et al., 2002: 820; Endoxocrinus (Endoxocrinus) prionodes Roux et al., 2002: 820.
Emended diagnosis
A species of the subgenus Endoxocrinus showing a wide ecophenotypic variation with 96% IIBr2ax, 52–91% IIIBr3ax and 6–46% IIIBr2ax, 67–97% IVBr3ax, and 79–100% VBr3ax; arms smooth to serrated; arm number 23–58; stalk in adult pentalobate to pentagonal in cross­section; number of internodals per mature noditaxis usually 6–14 (mode in local populations 8–12); proximalmost diameter of stalk usually 4–5 mm, attaining 7 mm in largest specimens; usually 5 cirri per whorl, sometimes 4 or exceptionally fewer, with up to 44 cirrals (usually>30); cryptosymplexies flat or with a slight symmorphy of inner interpetaloid zone, with syzygial stereom predominating in interpetaloid zones, axial canal filled up by an irregular and variable network not clearly separated from perilumen, and preserving a small to large secondary lumen.
Type locality
Off Cuba.
Neotype: According to the preceding remarks, the specimen housed in the Zoological Museum, University of Copenhagen, and described by Oërsted (1856) as Pentacrinus mülleri, which was regarded as a junior synonym of E. parrae by A.H. Clark (1908a, 1908b, 1923), is designated as the neotype of E. parrae.
Occurrence
Western tropical Atlantic from the northern Bahamas to southern Brazil, and off eastern Yucatan, Nicaragua, and Venezuela, at depths from 154 to 971 m, chiefly between about 500 and 600 m in the Straits of Florida; a few anomalous shallower records (18–59 m) should be verified by further investigations (Meyer et al. 1978).
Remarks
According to David (1998), E. (E.) parrae exhibits three distinct ecophenotypes previously described and figured as separate species (i.e., Diplocrinus carolinae, Endoxocrinus parrae and Endoxocrinus prionodes). We place these phenotypes at the rank of subspecies for practical reasons of nomenclature, as follows: 1) they were previously correctly described and named; 2) they are supported by the evidence of the polymodal statistical distribution of easily identified stalk characters.
For each subspecies, occurrences are only given for specimens that can be clearly determined, excluding specimens with intermediate morphology.
Included subspecies
Encrinus parrae Gervais (in Guérin, 1835) sensu stricto (= Pentacrinus mülleri Oersted, 1856); Endoxocrinus prionodes H.L. Clark, 1941; Diplocrinus carolinae A.H. Clark, 1934.
description: Published as part of David, Jerome, Roux, Michel, Messing, Charles G. & Ameziane, Nadia, 2006, Revision of the pentacrinid stalked crinoids of the genus Endoxocrinus (Echinodermata, Crinoidea), with a study of environmental control of characters and its consequences for taxonomy, pp. 1-50 in Zootaxa 1156 on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.172265