cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Legendre wavelet collocation method combined with the Gauss--Jacobi quadrature for solving fractional delay-type integro-differential equations
Creators: name: Nemati, S.
name: Lima, P. M.
name: Sedaghat, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34A08, 45J05, 42C40

description: In this work, we present a collocation method based on the Legendre wavelet combined with the Gauss--Jacobi quadrature formula for solving a class of fractional delay-type integro-differential equations. The problem is considered with either initial or boundary conditions and the fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. First, an approximation of the unknown solution is considered in terms of the Legendre wavelet basis functions. Then, we substitute this approximation and its derivatives into the considered equation. The Caputo derivative of the unknown function is approximated using the Gauss--Jacobi quadrature formula. By collocating the obtained residual at the well-known shifted Chebyshev points, we get a system of nonlinear algebraic equations. In order to obtain a continuous solution, some conditions are added to the resulting system. Some error bounds are given for the Legendre wavelet approximation of an arbitrary function. Finally, some examples are included to show the efficiency and accuracy of this new technique.
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form is with 'Applied Numerical Mathematics', ISSN 0168-9274. Submitted 31/January/2019; Revised 04/May/2019; Accepted for publication 27/May/2019
Surface effects in multiband superconductors. Application to MgB$_2$
Creators: name: Bascones, E.
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metals with many bands at the Fermi level can have different band dependent gaps in the superconducting state. The absence of translational symmetry at an interface can induce interband scattering and modify the superconducting properties. We dicuss the relevance of these effects to recent experiments in MgB$_2$.
title: HYDROSYRA Project
title: Some Reflections about the Ancient Aqueduct of Galermi (Syracuse, Italy)
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bouffier, Sophie
name: Dumas, Vincent
name: Lenhardt, Philippe
name: Paillet, Jean-Louis
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Aqueduct
subject: Greek and Roman Antiquity
subject: drinking water
subject: Sicily
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::900 Geschichte::900 Geschichte und Geografie

description: Since 2012, the Centre Camille Jullian team carries out an interdisciplinary study of the aqueduct Galermi, architectural work and hydraulic engineering of about 30 km long. This aqueduct, built between the 5th century BC and the Roman Empire, first supplied drinking water to Greek and/or Roman Syracuse. In the 16th–17th centuries, partial transformations have been done and changed the function of the channel, with the installation of flour mills. In the 19th century, the new Italian state gradually expropriated immediate neighbors who exploited abusively the aqueduct. It was then devoted only to irrigate the Syracusan territory according to a system of concessions that has almost remained unchanged since the 19th century. The paper will present this program and the last results that the team obtained in the last two years, particularly about intakes of water and underground galleries, and which chronology can be proposed.
Cotesia cuprea
Creators: name: Samin, N.
name: Ghahari, H.
name: N. S
name: Davidian, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Cotesia
Cotesia cuprea

description: Cotesia cuprea (LYLE, 1925)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: West Azarbaijan province: Oshnaviyeh (1467 m), 1, September 2007.
 D i s t r i b u t i o n o u t s i d e I r a n: Hungary (PAPP 2008), Azerbaidjan, Lithuania, Mongolia (PAPP 2009b), Morocco (NIXON 1965 as Hypomicrogaster semele), Azerbaijan, England, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, The Netherlands, Spain (PAPP 1987), Turkey (BEYARSLAN 1988; INANÇ & BEYARSLAN 2001). According to YU et al. (2012): Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Canary Islands, former Czechoslovakia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Lithuania, Mongolia, The Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, UK.
 H o s t r e c o r d s: It was bred from Simacthis nemorana HÜBNER (Lepidoptera: Glyphipterigidae) (NIXON 1965). It was reported from Archips rosana LINNAEUS (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (PAPP 2007).
description: Published as part of Samin, N., Ghahari, H., N. S & Davidian, E., 2014, A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from West Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 1447-1478 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1463, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310504
Metastable configurations on the Bethe lattice
Creators: name: Pagnani, A.
name: Parisi, G.
name: Ratieville, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general analytic method to compute the number of metastable configurations as a function of the energy for a system of interacting Ising spins on the Bethe lattice. Our approach is based on the cavity method. We apply it to the case of ferromagnetic interactions, and also to the binary and Gaussian spin glasses. Most of our results are obtained within the replica symmetric ansatz, but we illustrate how replica symmetry breaking can be performed.
description: 15 pages, 9 eps figures
Die ethnische Komponente im Aufbau der antiken Karte
Creators: name: Marcotte, Didier
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: antike Ethno- und Kartographie
subject: Periodos
subject: Periplus
subject: griechische Stammbünde
subject: Poseidonios von Apamea
subject: Strabo
subject: Ptolemaios
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::900 Geschichte::900 Geschichte und Geografie

description: Der vorliegende Beitrag untersucht die Rolle der ethnischen Aufteilung in den Raumerfassungen von Eratosthenes bis Pto- lemaios. Er stellt die ursprüngliche Beziehung zwischen dem Verfahren des antiken Periplus und dem Aufbau der Karte dar und zeigt, inwieweit die Art und Weise der ‚Stamm für Stamm‘ angelegten Küstenbeschreibung die Grundlagen der Kartographie geprägt hat. Anhand von theoretischen Überle- gungen des Strabo wird in diesem Aufsatz auch ein gewisses Misstrauen des griechischen Geographen, bzw. Kartographen gegenüber den politischen Daten hervorgehoben. Eine solche Haltung, die sich bei Strabo durch den Gebrauch des Begriffs kairos (‚Umstände’, ‚ständiger Wandel’) äußert, kann z. B. er- klären, dass die augusteische Aufteilung Italiens in Provinzen einen geringen Einfluss auf die Kartographie der kaiserlichen Zeit geübt hat.
Amblyseius Berlese 1914
Creators: name: Khaustov, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Amblyseius

description: Genus Amblyseius Berlese, 1914
 Type species: Zercon obtusus Koch, 1839, by original designation.
description: Published as part of Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2020, Review of Amblyseius Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Western Siberia, Russia, pp. 769-805 in Acarologia 60 (4) on page 770, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204401, http://zenodo.org/record/5402237
Additional file 2: of Comprehensive antibiotic-linked mutation assessment by resistance mutation sequencing (RM-seq)
Creators: name: GuĂŠrillot, Romain
name: Li, Lucy
name: Baines, Sarah
name: Howden, Brian
name: Schultz, Mark
name: Seemann, Torsten
name: Monk, Ian
name: Pidot, Sacha
name: Gao, Wei
name: Giulieri, Stefano
name: GonĂ§alves da Silva, Anders
name: DâAgata, Anthony
name: Tomita, Takehiro
name: Peleg, Anton
name: Stinear, Timothy
name: Howden, Benjamin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Figure S1. 3D model of S. aureus RpoB protein in complex with rifampicin. Figure S2. Prediction of the number of consensus reads at different sequencing depths. (PDF 648 kb)
Two component interacting bosons: 1-d exact results
Creators: name: Li, You-Quan
name: Gu, Shi-Jian
name: Ying, Zu-Jian
name: Eckern, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the experiment of two-component Bose-Einstein condensates produced in magnetically trapped $^{87}Rb$, we study one dimensional Boson systems with repulsive $δ$-function interaction in the presence of SU(2) intrinsic degree of freedom by means of coordinate Bethe ansatz. The ground state and low-lying excitations are solved by both numerical and analytical methods. It is shown that the ground state is an isospin-ferromagnetic state and the excitations are composed of three elementary particles: holons, antiholons and isospinons. The isospinon is a triplet coupled to the ``ferromagnetic'' background antiparallelly.
description: Revtex 4 pages, 3 figures
Reinforcement Learning for Channel Coding: Learned Bit-Flipping Decoding
Creators: name: Carpi, Fabrizio
name: Häger, Christian
name: Martalò, Marco
name: Raheli, Riccardo
name: Pfister, Henry D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we use reinforcement learning to find effective decoding strategies for binary linear codes. We start by reviewing several iterative decoding algorithms that involve a decision-making process at each step, including bit-flipping (BF) decoding, residual belief propagation, and anchor decoding. We then illustrate how such algorithms can be mapped to Markov decision processes allowing for data-driven learning of optimal decision strategies, rather than basing decisions on heuristics or intuition. As a case study, we consider BF decoding for both the binary symmetric and additive white Gaussian noise channel. Our results show that learned BF decoders can offer a range of performance-complexity trade-offs for the considered Reed-Muller and BCH codes, and achieve near-optimal performance in some cases. We also demonstrate learning convergence speed-ups when biasing the learning process towards correct decoding decisions, as opposed to relying only on random explorations and past knowledge.
Neural basis of somatosensory target detection independent of uncertainty, relevance, and reports
Creators: name: Schröder, Pia
name: Schmidt, Timo Torsten
name: Blankenburg, Felix
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: somatosensory awareness
subject: frontoparietal networks
subject: Bayesian Model Selection
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Research on somatosensory awareness has yielded highly diverse findings with putative neural correlates ranging from activity within somatosensory cortex to activation of widely distributed frontoparietal networks. Divergent results from previous studies may reside in cognitive processes that often coincide with stimulus awareness in experimental settings. To scrutinise the specific relevance of regions implied in the target detection network, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (n = 27) on a novel somatosensory detection task that explicitly controls for stimulus uncertainty, behavioural relevance, overt reports, and motor responses. Using Bayesian Model Selection, we show that responses reflecting target detection are restricted to secondary somatosensory cortex, whereas activity in insular, cingulate, and motor regions is best explained in terms of stimulus uncertainty and overt reports. Our results emphasise the role of sensory-specific cortex for the emergence of perceptual awareness and dissect the contribution of the frontoparietal network to classical detection tasks.
Observable Predictions for Massive-Neutrino Cosmologies with Model-Independent Dark Energy
Creators: name: Rivero, Ana Diaz
name: Miranda, V.
name: Dvorkin, Cora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the bounds on the sum of neutrino masses in a cosmic-acceleration scenario where the equation of state $w(z)$ of dark energy (DE) is constructed in a model-independent way, using a basis of principal components (PCs) that are allowed to cross the phantom barrier $w(z)=-1$. We find that the additional freedom provided to $w(z)$ means the DE can undo changes in the background expansion induced by massive neutrinos at low redshifts. This has two significant consequences: (1) it leads to a substantial increase in the upper bound for the sum of the neutrino masses ($M_ν < 0.33 - 0.55$ eV at the 95\% C.L. depending on the data sets and number of PCs included) compared to studies that choose a specific parametrization for $w(z)$; and (2) it causes $\sim1σ$ deviations from $Λ$CDM in the luminosity distance and the Hubble expansion rate at higher redshifts ($z \gtrsim 2$), where the contribution of DE is subdominant and there is little constraining data. The second point consequently means that there are also observable deviations in the shear power spectrum and in the matter power spectrum at low redshift, since the clustering of matter throughout cosmic time depends on the expansion rate. This provides a compelling case to pursue high-$z$ BAO and SN measurements as a way of disentangling the effects of neutrinos and dark energy. Finally, we find that the additional freedom given to the dark energy component has the effect of lowering $S_8$ with respect to $Λ$CDM.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Discovery of Predictors of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine Response Efficiency in Pigs: 16S rRNA Gene Fecal Microbiota Analysis
Creators: name: Munyaka, Peris M.; Blanc, Fany; Estelle, Jordi; Lemonnier, Gaetan; Leplat, Jean-Jacques; Rossignol, Marie-Noelle; Jardet, Deborah; Plastow, Graham; Billon, Yvon; Willing, Benjamin P.; Rogel-Gaillard, Claire
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2020

Abstract
Fermi Surface Renormalization in Two Spatial Dimensions
Creators: name: Ferraz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the renormalization induced by interactions of a two-dimensional truncated Fermi surface (FS) model.Using a field theoretical renormalization group method we calculate the critical renormalized physical chemical potential. We show that it either vanishes or approaches a non-zero value. We argue that the vanishing of the chemical potential is indicative of a further truncation of the FS we started with and might well represent an insulating spin liquid phase.
description: Laboratorio de Supercondutividade Centro Intl.de Fis.da Materia Condensada-UnB
Microgaster luctuosa HALIDAY 1834
Creators: name: Samin, N.
name: Ghahari, H.
name: N. S
name: Davidian, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Microgaster
Microgaster luctuosa

description: Microgaster luctuosa HALIDAY, 1834
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: West Azarbaijan province: Takab (1822 m), 1, September 2006.
 D i s t r i b u t i o n o u t s i d e I r a n: Hungary (PAPP 2008), Caucasus, Central Asia, Western Europe, Mongolia (TOBIAS 1995 as Lissogaster curvicrus), England (HALIDAY 1834), Greece (PAPP 2007 as Microgaster curvicrus). According to YU et al. (2012): Austria, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Croatia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Moldova, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkmenistan, UK, Uzbekistan, Serbia.
 H o s t r e c o r d s: Parasitoid of Agonopterix pallorella ZELLER (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae) (TOBIAS 1995), Cnephaso assedana DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER, Olethreutes arbutella (LINNAEUS) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (YU et al. 2012).
description: Published as part of Samin, N., Ghahari, H., N. S & Davidian, E., 2014, A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from West Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 1447-1478 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1464, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310504
Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan 1991
Creators: name: Khaustov, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Mesostigmata
Phytoseiidae
Amblyseius
Amblyseius ampullosus

description: Amblyseius ampullosus Wu and Lan
 Amblyseius ampullosus Wu & Lan, 1991: 316.
 Amblyseius (Amblyseius) ampullosus: Wu et al. 2009: 199.
description: Published as part of Khaustov, Vladimir A., 2020, Review of Amblyseius Berlese (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Western Siberia, Russia, pp. 769-805 in Acarologia 60 (4) on page 779, DOI: 10.24349/acarologia/20204401, http://zenodo.org/record/5402237
Additional file 1: of Asthma rehabilitation at high vs. low altitude: randomized parallel-group trial
Creators: name: StĂŠphanie Saxer
name: Schneider, Simon
name: Appenzeller, Paula
name: Bader, Patrick
name: Lichtblau, Mona
name: Furian, Michael
name: Sheraliev, Ulan
name: Bermet Estebesova
name: Emilov, Berik
name: Talant Sooronbaev
name: Bloch, Konrad
name: Ulrich, Silvia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Asthma rehabilitation at high vs. low altitude: randomized controlled parallel-group trial. (DOCX 32 kb)
REGIONAL INVESTMENT ANALYSIS: A PANEL DATA EVIDENCE FROM UZBEKISTAN
Creators: name: Matyakubova, Yulduzkhon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article study applies benchmarking methods introduced by UNCTAD to analyze the investment potential of Uzbekistan`s regions. The study categorizes regions into four groups based on the FDI Performance and Potential Index values, indicating their performance relative to others. The qualitative analysis reveals front-runner regions with high FDI performance and potential, such as Bukhara and Tashkent city, as well as under performers like Khorezm and Namangan. Additionnaly, the study investigates the correlation between FDI and various independent variables using panel data models, such as fixed effect (FE) and random effect (RE), considering factors such as market size, labor costs and internet access. The results provide valuable insights into the factors influencing  FDI variations across different regions in Uzbekistan. The regression output, including coefficients, t-statistics and significance levels, helps policymakers, investors, and steakholders identify key areas for development and attract foreign direct investment.
MOESM1 of Peanut shell as a green biomolecule support for anchoring Cu2O: a biocatalyst for green synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles under ultrasonic irradiation
Creators: name: Dolatkhah, Zahra
name: Abolfazl Mohammadkhani
name: Javanshir, Shahrzad
name: Ayoob Bazgir
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Supporting information including the FESEM images of PS, Cu2O@PS, and reused Cu2O@PS after 5 times, characterization of triazole products, and HNMR spectrum of products.
Modelling the distribution of health related quality of life of advancedmelanoma patients in a longitudinal multi-centre clinical trial using M-quantile random effects regression
Creators: name: Borgoni, Riccardo
name: Bianco, Paola Del
name: Salvati, Nicola
name: Schmid, Timo
name: Tzavidis, Nikos
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Phase III study
subject: Rotterdam Symptom Checklist
subject: multilevel modelling
subject: quantile regression
subject: robust estimation
subject: Hierarchical data
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft

description: Health-related quality of life assessment is important in the clinical evaluation of patients with metastatic disease that may offer useful information in understanding the clinical effectiveness of a treatment. To assess if a set of explicative variables impacts on the health-related quality of life, regression models are routinely adopted. However, the interest of researchers may be focussed on modelling other parts (e.g. quantiles) of this conditional distribution. In this paper, we present an approach based on quantile and M-quantile regression to achieve this goal. We applied the methodologies to a prospective, randomized, multi-centre clinical trial. In order to take into account the hierarchical nature of the data we extended the M-quantile regression model to a three-level random effects specification and estimated it by maximum likelihood.
Microgaster parvistriga THOMSON 1895
Creators: name: Samin, N.
name: Ghahari, H.
name: N. S
name: Davidian, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Microgaster
Microgaster parvistriga

description: Microgaster parvistriga THOMSON, 1895
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: West Azarbaijan province: Seroo (1616 m), 3, May 2008.
 D i s t r i b u t i o n o u t s i d e I r a n: Distributedin Europe, eastwards as far as Armenia, Hungary, Greece (PAPP 2007), Austria, Germany, Italy (BOUCHÉ 1834 as Microgaster blancardellae), Germany (RATZEBURG 1848 as Microgaster flavolimbatus), Hungary (RATZEBURG 1848 as Microgaster flavolimbatus; PAPP 2008), England (MARSHALL 1885 as Apanteles lautellus), Belgium (WESMAEL 1837 as Microgaster lividipes), Mongolia (PAPP 2009), Caucasus, western Europe (TOBIAS 1995 as Lissogaster parvistriga), Armenia, Northern half of Europe, Korea (PAPP 2003). According to YU et al. (2012): Armenia, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Korea, Mongolia, Poalnd, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, UK.
 H o s t r e c o r d: Parasitoid as Anacampsis disquei MEES (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (TOBIAS 1995), Acleris kochiella GOEZE, Anacampsis midella WOCKE (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), Cosmpterix scribaeilla ZELLER, C. zieglerella (HÜBNER) (Lepidoptera: Cosmopteriidae), Swammerdamia caesiella (HÜBNER) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), Tortrix viridana (LINNAEUS) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (YU et al. 2012).
description: Published as part of Samin, N., Ghahari, H., N. S & Davidian, E., 2014, A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from West Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 1447-1478 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1465, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310504
Spontaneous symmetry breaking and discontinuous phase transition for spreading dynamics in multiplex networks
Creators: name: An, Ningbo
name: Chen, Hanshuang
name: Ma, Chuang
name: Zhang, Haifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a spreading model in multilayer networks and study the nature of nonequilibrium phase transition in the model. The model integrates the susceptible-infected-susceptible (or susceptible-infected-recovered) spreading dynamics with a biased diffusion process among different layers. A parameter $α$ is introduced to control the bias of the diffusion process, such that each individual prefers to move to one layer with more infected (or recovered) neighbors for larger values of $α$. Using stochastic simulations and mean-field theory, we show that the type of phase transition from a disease-free phase to an endemic phase depends on the value of $α$. When $α$ is small enough, the system undergoes a usual continuous phase transition as an effective spreading rate $β$ increases, as in single-layer networks. Interestingly, when $α$ exceeds a critical value the system shows either a hybrid two-step phase transition or a one-step discontinuous phase transition as $β$ increases. The former contains a continuous transition between the disease-free phase and a low-prevalence endemic phase, and a discontinuous transition between the low-prevalence endemic phase and a high-prevalence endemic phase. For the latter, only a discontinuous transition occurs from the disease-free phase directly to the high-prevalence endemic phase. Moreover, we show that the discontinuous transition is always accompanied by a spontaneous symmetry breaking in occupation probabilities of individuals in each layer.
description: 8 pages and 5 figures
Finite-sample frequency distributions originating from an equiprobability distribution
Creators: name: Poeschel, Thorsten
name: Freund, Jan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given an equidistribution for probabilities p(i)=1/N, i=1..N. What is the expected corresponding rank ordered frequency distribution f(i), i=1..N, if an ensemble of M events is drawn?
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Pholetesor circumscriptus
Creators: name: Samin, N.
name: Ghahari, H.
name: N. S
name: Davidian, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Pholetesor
Pholetesor circumscriptus

description: Pholetesor circumscriptus (NEES, 1834)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: West Azarbaijan province: Siah-Cheshmeh (1807 m), 3, May 2007. West Azarbaijan province: Hassanloo (1288 m), 1, July 2008.
 D i s t r i b u t i o n o u t s i d e I r a n: EntirePalearcticregion(TOBIAS 1995 as Apanteles circumscriptus), Hungary (PAPP 2008), N.W. Europe (NIXON 1973 as Apanteles circumscriptus), Greece (PAPP 2007), Austria, Germany, Italy (BOUCHÉ 1834 as Microgater blancardella), Germany, Hungary (RATZEBURG 1848 as Microgaster flavolimbatus), England (MARSHALL 1885 as Apanteles lautellus), Belgium (WESMAEL 1837 as Microgaster lividipes). According to YU et al. (2012): Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Finland, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Italy-Sardinia, Italy-Sicily, Korea, Latvia, Lithuania, Madeira Islands, Moldova, The Netherlands, NewZealand, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Switzerland, USA, Ukraine, UK, former Yugoslavia.
 H o s t r e c o r d s: Parasitoid of Elachista gangabella ZELLER, E. gleichenella FABRICIUS, E. humilis ZELLER, E. luticomella ZELLER (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae), Lithocolletis blancardella FABRICIUS, L. cavella ZELLER, L. cerasicolella H.-S., L. emberizaepanella BOUCHÉ, L. junoniella ZELLER, L. lantanella SCHR., L. lautella ZELLER, L. mespilella HÜBNER, L. messaniella ZELLER, L. nigrescentella LOGAN, L. populifoliella TR., L. pomonella ZELLER, L. quercifoliella ZELLER, L. rajella LINNAEUS, L. scabiosella DOUGL., L. tenerella JOANNIS (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) (NIXON 1973; TOBIAS 1995). In Iran irt was reported as a larval parasitoid of Lithocolletis blancardella FABRICIUS (Lepidoptera: Gracillaridae) (BEHDAD 1991; GHAHARI et al. 2010).
description: Published as part of Samin, N., Ghahari, H., N. S & Davidian, E., 2014, A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from West Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 1447-1478 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1465, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310504
Brownian Dynamics simulations of aging colloidal gels
Creators: name: d'Arjuzon, Rodolphe J. M.
name: Frith, William
name: Melrose, John R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal gel aging is investigated using very long runs of brownian dynamics simulations. The Asakura Oosawa description of the depletion interaction is used to model a simple colloid polymer mixture. Several regimes are identified during gel formation. The Intermediate scattering function displays a double decay characteristic of systems where some kinetic processes are frozen. The $β$ relaxation at short times is explained in terms of the Krall-Weitz model for the decorelation due to the elastic modes present. The $α$ relaxation at long times is well described by a stretched exponential, showing a wide spectrum of relaxation times for which the $q$ dependence is $τ_α = q^{-2.2}$, lower than for diffusion. For the shortest waiting times, a combination of two stretched exponentials is used, suggesting a bimodal distribution. The extracted relaxation times vary with waiting time as $τ_α=τ_w^{0.66}$, slower than the simple aging case. The real space displacements are found to be strongly non-Gaussian, correlated in space and time. We were unable to find clear evidence that the gel aging was driven by internal stresses. Rather, we hypothesise that in this case of weakly interacting gels, the aging behaviour arises due to the thermal diffusion of strands, constrained by the percolating network which ruptures discontinuously. Although the mechanisms differ, the similarity of some of the results with the aging of glasses is striking.
Discovery of a Lya emitting dark-cloud within z ~ 2.8 SMMJ02399-0136 system
Creators: name: Li, Qiong
name: Cai, Zheng
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Battaia, Fabrizio Arrigoni
name: Ivison, Rob J.
name: Falgarone, Edith
name: Cantalupo, Sebastiano
name: Matuszewski, Matt
name: Neill, James Don
name: Wang, Ran
name: Martin, Chris
name: Moore, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Keck/KCWI integral field spectrograph observations of the complex system surrounding SMM J02399$-$0136 (a lensed $z=2.8$ sub-mm galaxy), including an associated Ly$\rm α$ nebula, a dust-obscured, broad-absorption-line quasar, and neighboring galaxies. At a 3$σ$ surface brightness contour of 1.6$\times$ 10$^{-17}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ arcsec$^{-2}$, the Ly$\rm α$ nebula extends over 17 arcsec ($\gtrsim 140$ physical kpc) and has a total Ly$\rm α$ luminosity of $2.5 \times 10^{44} \, \rm erg \, s^{-1}$ (uncorrected for lensing). The nebula exhibits a kinematic shear of $\sim$ 1000 km s$^{-1}$ over 100 pkpc with lowest velocities east of SMM J02399$-$0136 and increasing to the southwest. We also discover a bright, Ly$\rm α$ emitter, separated spatially and kinematically from the nebula, at a projected separation of $\approx$60 kpc from the quasar. This source has no clear central counterpart in deep $Hubble \, Space \, Telescope$ imaging, giving an intrinsic Ly$\rm α$ rest-frame equivalent width greater than 312 $ \rm \mathring{A}$ (5-$σ$). We argue that this 'dark cloud' is illuminated by the quasar with a UV flux that is orders of magnitude brighter than the emission along our sightline. This result confirms statistical inferences that luminous quasars at $z>2$ emit UV radiation anisotropically. Future KCWI observations of other lines, e.g. Ly$\rm β$, He$\rm _{II}$, C$\rm _{IV}$, etc, and with polarimetry will further reveal the origin of the Ly$\rm α$ nebula and nature of the dark cloud.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ
The genetic basis of natural antibody titersof young healthy pigs and relationshipswith disease resilience
Creators: name: Chen, Yulu; Tibbs Cortes, Laura E.; Ashley, Carolyn; Putz, Austin M.; Lim, Kyu-Sang; Dyck, Michael K.; Fortin, Frederic; Plastow, Graham S.; Dekkers, Jack C. M.; Harding, John C. S.; PigGen Canada
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Libraries
Year: 2020

Abstract
Additional file 1: of Increased neutrophil extracellular traps activate NLRP3 and inflammatory macrophages in adult-onset Stillâ s disease
Creators: name: Hu, Qiongyi
name: Shi, Hui
name: Zeng, Ting
name: Liu, Honglei
name: Su, Yutong
name: Cheng, Xiaobing
name: Ye, Junna
name: Yin, Yufeng
name: Liu, Mengru
name: Zheng, Hui
name: Wu, Xinyao
name: Chi, Huihui
name: Zhou, Zhuochao
name: Jia, Jinchao
name: Sun, Yue
name: Teng, Jialin
name: Yang, Chengde
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary methods and Figures S1â S5. (DOCX 2226 kb)
An optimization problem for finite point interaction families
Creators: name: Exner, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35J10, 35P15, 81Q10

description: We consider the spectral problem for a family of $N$ point interactions of the same strength confined to a manifold with a rotational symmetry, a circle or a sphere, and ask for configurations that optimize the ground state energy of the corresponding singular Schrödinger operator. In case of the circle the principal eigenvalue is sharply maximized if the point interactions are distributed at equal distances. The analogous question for the sphere is much harder and reduces to a modification of Thomson problem; we have been able to indicate the unique maximizer configurations for $N=2,\,3,\,4,\,6,\,12$. We also discuss the optimization for one-dimensional point interactions on an interval with periodic boundary conditions. We show that the equidistant distributions give rise to maximum ground state eigenvalue if the interactions are attractive, in the repulsive case we get the same result for weak and strong coupling and we conjecture that it is valid generally.
description: typos corrected, to appear in J. Phys. A: Math. Theor
Aleiodes (Aliodes) signatus
Creators: name: Samin, N.
name: Ghahari, H.
name: N. S
name: Davidian, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Aleiodes
Aleiodes signatus

description: Aleiodes (Aliodes) signatus (NEES, 1811)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: West Azarbaijan province: Seroo (1616 m), 1, spring 2008.
 D i s t r i b u t i o n o u t s i d e I r a n: Turkey (AYDOGDU & BEYARSLAN 2006), Czech Republic (LOZAN et al. 2010), Hungary (PAPP 2008), Israel (Papp 1988), Mongolia (PAPP 2009a), Belgium (Wesmael 1838 as A. geniculator), England (BROAD & SHAW 2009), Croatia (PAPP 2010), Greece (PAPP 2007).
 H o s t r e c o r d s: It was reported as endoparasitoid of lepidopterans: Arctia caja LINNAEUS, A. villisa LINNAEUS, Ocnogyna boeticum, Coscinia cribrum LINNAEUS (Arctiidae), Philudoria potatoria LINNAEUS (Lasiocampidae), Orgiya antica LINNAEUS, O. gonostigma LINNAEUS, Gynaephora sclenitica, Euproctis chrysorrhoea LINNAEUS, E. similis (Lymantridae), Autugrapha gamma LINNAEUS, Noctua fimbriata, N. pronuba LINNAEUS, Acronicta psi LINNAEUS (Noctuidae), Thaumetopoea processionea LINNAEUS, T. pityocampa DENIS & SCHIFFERMÜLLER (Thaumetopoeidae), Spilonota ocellana FABRICIUS (Tortricidae) (AYDOGDU & BEYARSLAN 2006; YU et al. 2012).
description: Published as part of Samin, N., Ghahari, H., N. S & Davidian, E., 2014, A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from West Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 1447-1478 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1465, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310504
Additional file 2: of Improving recruitment to a study of telehealth management for COPD: a cluster randomised controlled â study within a trialâ (SWAT) of a multimedia information resource
Creators: name: Jolly, Kate
name: Manbinder Sidhu
name: Bower, Peter
name: Vichithranie Madurasinghe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Presentation of the resource to patients. (DOCX 93 kb)
Spin ordering quantum transitions of superconductors in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Demler, Eugene
name: Sachdev, Subir
name: Zhang, Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that recent neutron scattering measurements by Lake et. al. (Science 291, 1759 (2001)) of the spin excitation spectrum of LSCO in a magnetic field can be understood in terms of proximity to a phase with co-existing superconductivity and spin density wave order. We present a general theory for such quantum transitions, and argue that their low energy spin fluctuations are controlled by a singular correction from the superflow kinetic energy, acting in the region outside the vortex cores. We propose numerous experimental tests of our theory.
description: 4 pages, 3 eps figs
Kuwaita magna Mohammad 1973
Creators: name: Carrera-Parra, Luis F.
name: Orensanz, José M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Polychaeta
Eunicida
Lumbrineridae
Kuwaita
Kuwaita magna

description: Kuwaita magna Mohammad, 1973
(Fig. 1A, B)
 Kuwaita magna Mohammad, 1973: 34-36, figs 6, 7.
 MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Kuwait. Sulaibikhat, intertidal, sand-mud flat, 29°18’N, 47°53’E, 25.IV.1969, M.-B. M. Mohammad coll., holotype (BMNH ZB 1971.50).
DISTRIBUTION. — Known only from the type locality in Kuwait, Persian Gulf, intertidal flats.
DESCRIPTION
 The specimen is in two pieces, adding up to c. 370 setigers and a length of c. 400 mm. Three antennae hidden under the nuchal fold. Notopodia ovoid with notoaciculae. Simple multidentate hooded hooks beginning around setiger 50. Ventral limbate setae present through setigers 58-59. Dorsal limbate setae displaced to a subdorsal position around setiger 68. Pygidium with four subequal anal cirri. Nephridial papillae poorly developed in mid-anterior segments, then developing gradually towards posterior end (Fig. 1A). In middle and posterior segments a small branchia is present on anterior, dorsal surface of each segment. Maxillary carriers slightly shorter than maxillae I; maxillae I with welldeveloped bridles; maxillae II with four to five teeth, c. half the length of maxillae I; the two are interconnected on each side by a wide connecting plate; maxillae III bidentate; maxillae IV unidentate; maxillae V rounded to subtriangular, weakly sclerotized (Fig. 1B).
description: Published as part of Carrera-Parra, Luis F. & Orensanz, José M., 2002, Revision of Kuwaita Mohammad, 1973 (Annelida, Polychaeta, Lumbrineridae), pp. 273-281 in Zoosystema 24 (2) on page 276, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5402329
Incommensurate magnetic ordering in Sr_2Ru_(1-x)Ti_xO_4
Creators: name: Braden, M.
name: Friedt, O.
name: Sidis, Y.
name: Bourges, P.
name: Minakata, M.
name: Maeno, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In $\rm Sr_2RuO_4$ the spin excitation spectrum is dominated by incommensurate fluctuations at q=(0.3 0.3 q$_z$), which arise from Fermi-surface nesting. We show that upon Ti substitution, known to suppress superconductivity, a short range magnetic order develops with a propagation vector (0.307 0.307 1). This finding confirms that superconducting $\rm Sr_2RuO_4$ is extremely close to an incommensurate spin density wave instability. In addition, the ordered moment in \srton ~ points along the c-direction, which indicates that the incommensurate spin fluctuations exhibit the anisotropy required to explain a p-wave spin triplet pairing.
description: 4 pages 3 figures revtex-version corrected
The MASSIVE Survey XIII -- Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics in the Central 1 kpc of 20 Massive Elliptical Galaxies with the GMOS-North Integral-Field Spectrograph
Creators: name: Ene, Irina
name: Ma, Chung-Pei
name: McConnell, Nicholas J.
name: Walsh, Jonelle L.
name: Kempski, Philipp
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Thomas, Jens
name: Blakeslee, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use observations from the GEMINI-N/GMOS integral-field spectrograph (IFS) to obtain spatially resolved stellar kinematics of the central $\sim 1$ kpc of 20 early-type galaxies (ETGs) with stellar masses greater than $10^{11.7} M_\odot$ in the MASSIVE survey. Together with observations from the wide-field Mitchell IFS at McDonald Observatory in our earlier work, we obtain unprecedentedly detailed kinematic maps of local massive ETGs, covering a scale of $\sim 0.1-30$ kpc. The high ($\sim 120$) signal-to-noise of the GMOS spectra enable us to obtain two-dimensional maps of the line-of-sight velocity, velocity dispersion $σ$, as well as the skewness $h_3$ and kurtosis $h_4$ of the stellar velocity distributions. All but one galaxy in the sample have $σ(R)$ profiles that increase towards the center, whereas the slope of $σ(R)$ at one effective radius ($R_e$) can be of either sign. The $h_4$ is generally positive, with 14 of the 20 galaxies having positive $h_4$ within the GMOS aperture and 18 having positive $h_4$ within $1 R_e$. The positive $h_4$ and rising $σ(R)$ towards small radii are indicative of a central black hole and velocity anisotropy. We demonstrate the constraining power of the data on the mass distributions in ETGs by applying Jeans anisotropic modeling (JAM) to NGC~1453, the most regular fast rotator in the sample. Despite the limitations of JAM, we obtain a clear $χ^2$ minimum in black hole mass, stellar mass-to-light ratio, velocity anisotropy parameters, and the circular velocity of the dark matter halo.
description: Accepted to ApJ
Aleiodes (Neorhogas) ductor
Creators: name: Samin, N.
name: Ghahari, H.
name: N. S
name: Davidian, E.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Aleiodes
Aleiodes ductor

description: Aleiodes (Neorhogas) ductor (THUNBERG, 1822)
M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d: West Azarbaijan province: Naqadeh (1327 m), 1, unknown date.
 D i s t r i b u t i o n o u t s i d e I r a n: Czech Republic (LOZAN et al. 2010), Israel (PAPP 1988), Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Souther Siberia to Far East, Western Europe, Northern Africa, Israel (TOBIA 1995 as Rogas doctor), Turkey (BEYARSLAN et al. 2006), Croatia (PAPP 2010), Greece (PAPP 2007).
 H o s t r e c o r d s: Parasitoid of Mamestra brassicae LINNAEUS, Autographa gamma LINNAEUS, Discestra trifolii (HUFNAGEL) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Philudoria potatoria LINNAEUS (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (TOBIAS 1995).
description: Published as part of Samin, N., Ghahari, H., N. S & Davidian, E., 2014, A study on the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) from West Azarbaijan province, Northwestern Iran, pp. 1447-1478 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1466, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310504
Additional file 1: of Improving recruitment to a study of telehealth management for COPD: a cluster randomised controlled â study within a trialâ (SWAT) of a multimedia information resource
Creators: name: Jolly, Kate
name: Manbinder Sidhu
name: Bower, Peter
name: Vichithranie Madurasinghe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Example screens from the multimedia resource. (DOCX 1068 kb)
Nomada carnifex MOCSARY 1883
Creators: name: Dufrêne, E.
name: Schwarz
name: Smit, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Apidae
Nomada
Nomada carnifex

description: Nomada carnifex MOCSARY, 1883
Signalée en Suisse par RASMONT et al. (1995) mais absente de AMIET et al. (2007). L’espèce semble strictement méditerranéenne avec une répartition occidentale. Même si elle n’avait jamais été mentionnée en France, sa découverte n’est pas vraiment une surprise et reflète sans doute notre méconnaissance plutôt qu’une apparition récente. Elle a été trouvée par trois observateurs différents sur trois sites dans l’Hérault et le Gard. Hôte (s) inconnu (s).
S p é c i m e n s c o l l e c t é s:Cabrières(34)1 29.IV.2008 (JS), Villeneuve-lès-Maguelones (34) 1 16.IV.2011 (MA), Caveirac (30) 1 15.IV.2011 (BN).
description: Published as part of Dufrêne, E., Schwarz & Smit, J., 2014, Le genre Nomada SCOPOLI en France continentale et en Corse: citation de 15 espèces nouvelles pour la faune de France et mise à jour de la liste taxonomique des espèces (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Anthophila), pp. 1479-1490 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (2) on page 1482, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5310627
Additional file 1: of Better approach for autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis treatment: inhaled or subcutaneous granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor: a meta-analyses
Creators: name: Sheng, Gaohong
name: Chen, Peng
name: Wei, Yanqiu
name: Chu, Jiaojiao
name: Cao, Xiaolei
name: Zhang, Hui-Lan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Basic characteristics of all included studies. Table S2. Modified AHRQ Quality Assessment Criteria for Observational Studies. Table S3. The endpoints of included studies before and after GM-CSF therapy. Table S4. Subgroup analysis of side effects with GM-CSF therapy on patients with aPAP. Figure S1. (a). Funnel plot of response rate. (b). Begg’s funnel plot of response rate. (c). Egger’s publication bias plot of response rate. (d). Sensitive analysis of response rate. Figure S2. The similarity between random and fixed effect models shows no significant influence on the pooled effect of response rate. Figure S3. (a). Funnel plot of relapse rate. (b). Begg’s funnel plot of relapse rate. (c). Egger’s publication bias plot of relapse rate. (d). Sensitive analysis of response rate. Figure S4. The similarity between random and fixed effect models shows no significant influence on the pooled effect of relapse rate. Figure S5. (a). Funnel plot of PaO2. (b). Begg’s funnel plot of PaO2. (c). Egger’s publication bias plot of PaO2. (d). Sensitive analysis of PaO2. Figure S6. (a). Funnel plot of P(A-a)O2. (b). Begg’s funnel plot of P(A-a)O2. (c). Egger’s publication bias plot of P(A-a)O2. (d). Sensitive analysis of P(A-a)O2. Figure S7. Sensitive analyses of P(A-a)O2 in subcutaneous group shows one study was significantly different with the others. Figure S8. (a). DLCO improved by 8.49% after GM-CSF therapy. (b). TLC improved by 13.04% after GM-CSF therapy. (c). VC improved by 4.83% after GM-CSF therapy. (d). FEV1 improved by 12.58% after GM-CSF therapy. (e). FVC improved by 8.45% after GM-CSF therapy. (f). DSS improved by 2.1 after GM-CSF therapy. (g). 6MWD improved by 51.96 after GM-CSF therapy.