Dinotrema (Synaldis) daltoni Oliveira & Penteado-Dias, 2024, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Dias de Oliveira, Franciélle
name: Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Dinotrema
Dinotrema daltoni

description: Dinotrema (Synaldis) daltoni sp. nov.
Figs 34–45
Type material.
Holotype: Chile • ♀ (MNNC); Osorno, Parque Nacional Puyehue, Antillanca; 40 ° 44 ' 06 " S, 72 ° 19 ' 47 " W; alt. 528 m; 14 Jan. – 3 Feb. 2017; D. Amorim and V. Silva leg.; flight intercept trap. Paratypes: Chile • 1 ♀ (MNNC); same data as for holotype, except 40 ° 44 ’ S, 72 ° 19 ’ W; alt. 440 m; sweeping • 1 ♂ (MNNC); same data as for holotype, except 40 ° 46 ' 55 " S, 72 ° 12 ' 39 " W; alt. 987 m; 23 Dec. 2019 – 6 Jan. 2020; Malaise trap • 2 ♀♀ (DCBU 386560, DCBU 386360); same data as for holotype • 1 ♀ (DCBU 387144); same data as for holotype, except 40 ° 44 ’ S, 72 ° 19 ’ W; alt. 440 m; sweeping.
Diagnosis.
This species differs from other New World species of Synaldis by the combination of the following characteristics: in lateral view, eye shorter than temple (Fig. 39); mandible with three relatively large teeth, mandibular apex wider than base (Fig. 37); malar space 0.8 × as clypeus height (Fig. 36); F 1 2.3–2.5 × as long as wide (Fig. 38); mesoscutal pit present, although weak (Fig. 41); propodeum with areola, median longitudinal carina incomplete, basal (not extending inside areola), transverse carinae complete (Fig. 42); propodeal spiracle of ♀ large (Fig. 39) and ♂ middle; fore wing of ♀ with vein cu-a almost interstitial to slightly postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 distinctly shorter than cu-a; hind tibia 8.1–8.4 × as long as wide (Fig. 43).
Dinotrema (S.) daltoni sp. nov. is similar to D. (S.) perisfelipoi sp. nov., from which it can be distinguished by fore wing vein (r + 3 - SR) 5.0–5.3 × as long as r-m (6.2–6.3 × in D. (S.) perisfelipoi sp. nov., Figs 34, 69), hind femur 3.7–4.2 × as long as wide (4.6–4.8 × in D. (S.) perisfelipoi sp. nov.), hind tibia 8.1–8.4 × as long as wide (8.9–9.2 × in D. (S.) perisfelipoi sp. nov., Figs 43, 71), propodeal spiracle of ♀ large and ♂ middle (♀ middle and ♂ small in D. (S.) perisfelipoi sp. nov., Figs 39, 68). Dinotrema (S.) daltoni sp. nov. is also similar to D. (S.) puyehue sp. nov., their differences are given in the identification key.
Description.
♀. Length. Body: 1.5–1.9 mm. Fore wing: 1.5–2.0 mm. Hind wing: 1.05–1.40 mm.
Head: in dorsal view (Fig. 35), 1.6–2.0 × as wide as long, 1.5–1.6 × as wide as mesosoma, wider at temples than eyes. Frons smooth. POL 1.2–1.3 × as OD, OOL 3.4 × as OD. In lateral view, eye 1.3–1.6 × as high as wide, 0.6–0.8 × as wide as temple (Fig. 39). Face 1.7–1.9 × as wide as high (Fig. 36), 2.1 × as wide as clypeus, with longitudinal ridge dorsally. Clypeus 2.0–2.2 × as wide as high, straight ventrally. Malar space 0.8 × as clypeus height. Paraclypeal fovea short size. Mandible 1.2–1.4 × as long as wide, smooth or with diagonal carina weak (Fig. 37). Mandibular apex 1.2–1.3 × wide as base. Upper tooth slightly rounded. Middle tooth subacuminate to slightly acute, longer than other teeth. Lower tooth largely rounded, as long as upper or slightly longer than upper tooth. Upper tooth ca as wide as middle, narrower than lower tooth. Antenna with 14–15 segments (Fig. 38), 0.6–0.7 × as long as body. Scape 1.9–2.0 × as long as pedicel. F 1 2.3–2.5 × as long as wide, 1.1–1.2 × as long as F 2. F 2 1.80–1.95 × as long as wide. F 3 1.5–1.6 × as long as wide. AF 2.1–2.4 × as long as wide. Maxillary palp 0.8–0.9 × as long as head height.
Mesosoma: 1.2–1.3 × as long as high (Fig. 39), 2.1 × as long as wide. Mesoscutum ca as long as wide, notauli absent on horizontal surface of mesoscutum (Fig. 41). Mesoscutal pit present, weak, rounded or slightly elongate, occupying 0.05–0.15 × of mesoscutal length. Prescutellar depression 2.4–2.5 × as long as wide, with median carina complete, smooth laterally. Side of pronotum weakly crenulate. Precoxal sulcus crenulate medially, short, not reaching anterior and / or posterior margins of mesopleuron (Fig. 39). Posterior mesopleural furrow smooth. Propodeum mainly smooth to rugulose (Fig. 42), with areola 1.1 × as high as wide; median longitudinal carina incomplete, not extending inside areola; transverse carinae complete. Propodeum without protuberance in lateral view. Propodeal spiracle large, 0.6–0.7 × distance from spiracle to base of propodeum (Figs 39, 42).
Wings: fore wing 2.8–2.9 × as long as wide, vein 1 - SR present, (r + 3 - SR) 5.0–5.3 × as long as r-m, SR 1 2.4–2.6 × as long as (r + 3 - SR); cu-a almost interstitial or slightly postfurcal, 1 - CU 1 0.3 × as long as cu-a. Marginal cell 5.0 × as long as wide, submarginal cell 2.2–2.5 × as long as wide, first subdiscal cell 3.1–3.2 × as long as wide (Figs 34, 40). Hind wing 5.5 × as long as wide, vein 1 - M 0.5–0.6 × as long as M + CU, 1.5–1.9 × as long as 1 r-m; m-cu absent.
Legs: hind femur 3.7–4.0 × as long as wide. Hind tibia 8.1–8.4 × as long as wide, 1.1–1.2 × as long as hind tarsus. First segment of hind tarsus 1.80–1.95 × as long as second segment (Fig. 43).
Metasoma: 1.50–1.65 × as long, and 1.4 × as wide as mesosoma (Fig. 34). T 1 smooth to strigose (Fig. 44), 1.7–2.0 × as long as wide, apex 1.4–1.5 × as wide as base. Ovipositor 0.4–0.8 × as long as metasoma, 1.6–2.9 × as long as T 1, 1.1–1.9 × as long as hind femur. Ovipositor sheath with some delicate setae (except on 1 / 4 apical almost glabrous), 0.4 × as long as metasoma, 1.4–1.6 × as long as T 1 (Figs 43, 45).
Color: dark brown to light brown, except mandibles, mesopleuron, propodeum, T 1, and legs yellowish. Wings hyaline, veins brown.
Male. Face 1.5 × as wide as high. Clypeus 1.85 × as wide as high, slightly concave ventrally. Mandibular middle tooth acute; upper tooth ca as wide a lower, wider than middle tooth. Antenna with 20 segments, 1.1 × as long as body. F 1 as long as F 2. F 3 1.7 × as long as wide. Mesosoma 1.9 × as long as wide. Propodeal spiracle middle size, 0.5 × distance from spiracle to base of propodeum. Fore wing 2.6 × as long as wide, vein 1 - SR absent, SR 1 2.3 × as long as (r + 3 - SR), 1 - CU 1 0.75 × as long as cu-a, submarginal cell 2.05 × as long as wide. Hind wing 5.6 × as long as wide. Hind femur 4.2 × as long as wide. First segment of hind tarsus 2.1 × as long as second. Metasoma 1.4 × as long as mesosoma. T 1 with apex 1.6 × as wide as base. Head, flagellum and metasoma from the second tergite brown; mandibles, scape, pedicel dark yellow; mesosoma, legs, and T 1 yellow.
Etymology.
The species name daltoni is a genitive noun, named in honor of Dalton de Souza Amorim, one of the collectors and who supplied the type material for this species.
Distribution.
Chile.
Comments.
Dinotrema (S.) daltoni sp. nov. has enlarged propodeal spiracles, similar to the Nearctic species Dinotrema (Synaldis) spiraculosa (Fischer, 1967). However, unlike D. (S.) daltoni sp. nov., in D. (S.) spiraculosa the propodeum lacks an areola (despite being sculptured); the eye is as wide as or wider than temple (in lateral view); and the precoxal sulcus sculpture extends to the anterior margin of the mesopleuron (according to Peris-Felipo and Belokobylskij 2017).
description: Published as part of Dias de Oliveira, Franciélle & Penteado-Dias, Angélica Maria, 2024, First record of subgenus Synaldis Foerster (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae, Dinotrema Foerster) from Chile, with description of ten new species, pp. 275-314 in ZooKeys 1206 on pages 275-314, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1206.124515