cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stratified Trajectories: Charting Equity Gaps in Program Pathways Among Community College Students
Creators: name: Lin, Yuxin
name: Fay, Margaret P.
name: Fink, John
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Community college students
Community college student development programs
Academic achievement
Academic achievement--Evaluation
Education--Social aspects
Social stratification

description: A primary focus among colleges implementing student success reforms has been to increase overall rates of credential completion and to reduce racial and socioeconomic equity gaps in completion rates. The focus on general completion may overlook inequities in the type of program students complete, which is particularly significant given the wide variety of credentials offered at community colleges—from short-term certificates to transfer-oriented associate degrees that may lead to bachelor’s and graduate degree programs—and the resulting variation in labor market returns among completers. This study examines racial/ethnic stratification among community college students as they enter and progress through different programs leading to higher- and lower-paying jobs. The authors develop a discrete-time survival analysis using longitudinal enrollment and transcript data on first-time-in-college, credential-seeking community college students from a state with more than 20 community colleges. They track student enrollment, completion, and transfer for up to nine years and examine when equity gaps in completion emerge. They also measure the student achievement of academic milestones (such as levels of credit accrual) along educational pathways that are associated with higher rates of credential completion and transfer over the long term. Results suggest that a significant gap in the likelihood of bachelor’s degree completion between Black and White students emerges more episodically, while the gap between Hispanic and White students develops earlier and remains more consistent over time. Results also suggest that while all students generally benefit from the attainment of academic milestones, such as gaining credit momentum or completing pre-transfer associate degrees, doing so disproportionately benefits Black and Hispanic students.
Scaling ASAP: How Expanding a Successful Program Supported Broader Institutional Change at Bronx Community College
Creators: name: Cormier, Maria Scott
name: Raufman, Julia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: College student development programs
Community college students--Services for
Academic achievement
Community colleges
Educational change

description: Community colleges across the country are engaging in large-scale, systemic change efforts that address multiple barriers to student success. This brief describes one such effort undertaken by Bronx Community College (BCC), part of the City University of New York (CUNY) system, in which college leaders built on an existing initiative to scale the Accelerated Study in Associate Programs (ASAP) to catalyze a whole-college redesign. First piloted in 2007, ASAP provides eligible students with robust financial, academic, and personal support and has been shown to substantially increase three-year completion rates at CUNY’s community colleges. Since 2012, CUNY has increased ASAP enrollment to 25,000 across its seven community colleges. BCC, in close collaboration with CUNY’s Office of Academic Affairs, expanded the program to serve approximately 5,000 students—roughly 50% of its associate degree–seeking population—in the largest ASAP expansion in the CUNY system. This brief examines the relationship between BCC’s ASAP expansion and institutional change to illuminate how scaling a discrete reform can impact other areas of the college and change the way an institution serves all students. It also shares preliminary results from an internal evaluation of CUNY’s system-wide ASAP expansion, highlighting data from BCC. Overall, the authors' findings suggest that grounding institutional reform efforts in local programming functions provides an effective starting point for widespread change.
Experimental investigation of temperature and velocity distribution about a rocket jet
Creators: name: Whitmore, Quentin Robert
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1947
Subjects: Electrical Engineering
Aeronautics
Aeronautical Engineering

description: The purpose of the investigation was to determine the temperature distribution and velocity profile surrounding the wake of a 1500 pound thrust liquid rocket motor. The temperature measurements were restricted to those 500°F and below. The velocities measured were in the region in which the temperature measurements were made.

The region in which the temperatures exceeded 500°F was found to be included within a solid angle of ten degrees. The high temperature region was found to be larger than the high velocity region.

The investigation was carried out during the academic year 1946-1947 at GALCIT Jet Propulsion Laboratory under the supervision of Dr. Robert H. Boden.
Active Hyperspectral Sensor for Mineralogy Mapping and Plastic Waste Sorting
Creators: name: Senna Vieira, Francisco
name: Mekhrengin, Mikhail
name: Kääriäinen, Teemu
name: Rytöluoto, Ilkka
name: Dönsberg, Timo
name: Genoud, Guillaum
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Active hyperspectral sensor
Goldeneye
Mining

description: Powerpoint presentation related to a poster at ICNIRS2021, Beijing, China.
How Ohio Community Colleges Are Using Guided Pathways to Personalize Student Support
Creators: name: Klempin, Serena Constance
name: Lahr, Hana Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Community colleges
Community college students--Services for
Academic achievement--Social aspects
Academic achievement

description: Based on responses that Ohio community colleges provided on CCRC’s Guided Pathways Scale of Adoption Assessment (SOAA) as well as on semi-structured follow-up interviews, this report examines how these colleges—which have been engaged in guided pathways reform for several years—are innovating within the model to provide personalized support during onboarding (extended in many cases through the first year, until students have chosen a field of interest, developed a plan, and taken and passed program gateway courses) to help students gain early academic momentum. As a refinement to prior CCRC guided pathways research that has focused largely on structural reforms, the authors provide insight into the provision of personalized support, which is critical for understanding how colleges can improve student success and advance equitable outcomes for underserved students. The report finds that: - Guided pathways reforms can promote student supports that are both universal (scaled to reach all students) and personalized (customized based on the needs and interests of groups of students as well as individual students). - Personalizing universal supports has the potential to increase equity in student outcomes by better recognizing and meeting the needs of underserved students. - Supports can be personalized even with limited resources. - Personalized supports are important both for high school students (including dual enrollment and non-dual enrollment students) and for college students.
Strategies for Improving Postsecondary Credential Attainment Among Black, Hispanic, and Native American Adults
Creators: name: Brock, Thomas
name: Slater, Doug
name: Brathwaite, Jessica R.
name: Edgecombe, Nicole Diane
name: Kalamkarian, Hoori Santikian
name: Kazis, Richard
name: Leasor, Lindsay A.
name: Lizarraga, Armando
name: Lopez-Salazar, Andrea
name: Mateo, Ava
name: Raufman, Julia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Adult education
Postsecondary education
African American community college students
Hispanic American community college students
Indigenous peoples--Education (Higher)
Community college students
Community colleges

description: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the highest unemployment that the U.S. has seen since the Great Depression, with particularly heavy job losses for Black, Hispanic, and Native American workers. In this set of studies commissioned by Lumina Foundation, the authors examine actions that states and community colleges can take to address the needs of racially minoritized adult learners who are pursuing postsecondary education and training as a path to re-employment, better jobs, and higher incomes. Study 1. Aligning Short-Term Credentials with Community College Degree Programs describes how some states are creating and scaling opportunities for adults to earn occupational certificates that employers value and that lead to associate and bachelor’s degrees. Study 2. Bundling and Sequencing Student Support Services explains how community colleges can improve the design and delivery of advising and other critical support services to help adults attain their education and employment goals. Study 3. Culturally Sustaining Supports and Instruction offers examples and guiding principles that colleges can use to create programs and services that address the interests and needs of adults from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, and that encourage persistence in and completion of postsecondary credentials. To describe these approaches and why they show promise, the authors draw on telephone interviews with state policymakers, community college leaders, and content area experts. Some of the policies and programs profiled have been evaluated; others represent promising strategies that will require further study to determine whether they improve education and employment outcomes and advance racial equity.
title: Memristor Content Addressable Memory: Theory, Design and Application
Creators: name: Chen, Wanlong
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2017

description: The memristor has been proposed as the fourth circuit element. Among the emerging nano-technologies, the memristor has become a very promising candidate for building storage structures because of its shorter switching time, higher capacity and lower power consumption. In this thesis, I will first introduce a new memristor model with controllable window functions, which is more authentic and flexible than those existing memristor models. Then I will present my novel design of a Memristor Content Addressable Memory (Memristor-CAM) structure that is based on my own design of Memristor-CAM cells. The major contribution of this work is the fuzzy look-up functionality, which is achieved by summing up the current of the matched cell lines in the Memristor-CAM. In addition, this fuzzy look-up functionality of the new Memristor-CAM design could be further extended in order to fit into a lot of practical applications. With the benefits of memristors, this Memristor-CAM storage structure could reduce the power consumption, increase the capacity and improve the performance of computer memory. My new design is tested in a common experimental design that includes computer simulations and circuit emulations. The results of my experiments support the validity of my contributions and allow further analysis and insights on the behaviours of memristors when different settings are applied.
Iran v. Barakat Galleries: Eigentum an Kulturgut, dass aufgrund eines öffentlich-rechtlichen Gesetzes an den Staat fällt, kann nicht vor einem englischen Gericht eingeklagt werden
Creators: name: Wantuch, Mara
Publisher: name: Kunstrechtsspiegel
Year: 2017

description: Kunstrechtsspiegel, Nr. 4 (2007): Kunstrechtsspiegel
The effect of imperfections on the buckling of thin walled cylindrical shells
Creators: name: Ditchey, Robert L.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1973
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: A theoretical study of the effect of imperfections on the buckling load of a circular cylindrical shell under axial compression was carried out. The nonlinear shell equations of Donnell are solved in an approximate manner using the Potential Energy Theorem. The method of derivation and the resulting algebraic equations are com-pared to previous derivations which use a different method of solution. It was found that the resulting equations are identical to the ones derived by Galerkin's procedure, lending credence to that method. A parametric study of an imperfection model was carried out numerically. The imperfection model is similar to that originally used by Donnell, having amplitude decay with increasing wave number. The results show the effect of various rates of decay of amplitude with wave number, as well as the effect of various assumed amplitudes. Using these parameters, it is shown when shell buckling is dominated by long wave imperfections as opposed to classical short wave imperfections. It was found that if the decay of asymmetric imperfections with axial wave number is sufficiently high, that long wave imperfections can dominate. In the range of values chosen for these parameters, changes in the axisymmetric imperfection model had little effect on buckling behavior as compared to the changes in sensitivity to long waves which occur as the asymmetric model is varied.
Ways to resolve Selleri's paradox
Creators: name: Kassner, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Selleri's paradox, based on an analysis of rotating frames, appears to show that the speed of light in an inertial system is not normally isotropic. This in turn seems at odds with the second postulate of special relativity requiring a universal light speed in inertial systems. First, it is demonstrated how to circumvent Selleri's argument using Einstein synchronization in rotating frames. Then the nature of Selleri's result is exposed: it simply corresponds to the adoption of a synchronization procedure different from Einstein's. In this scheme, anisotropic one-way speeds of light by no means contradict special relativity.
description: 1 figure
Buchbesprechung: Ana Filipa Vrdoljak, International Law, Museums and the Return of Cultural Objects
Creators: name: Weller, Matthias
Publisher: name: Kunstrechtsspiegel
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu:

Ana Filipa Vrdoljak, International Law, Museums and the Return of Cultural Objects, Cambridge University Press, New York, ISBN 0521841429, £ 55.00 / US$ 99.00, 342 S.
description: Kunstrechtsspiegel, Nr. 4 (2007): Kunstrechtsspiegel
3D climate modeling of close-in land planets: Circulation patterns, climate moist bistability and habitability
Creators: name: Leconte, Jérémy
name: Forget, Francois
name: Charnay, Benjamin
name: Wordsworth, Robin
name: Selsis, Franck
name: Millour, Ehouarn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inner edge of the classical habitable zone is often defined by the critical flux needed to trigger the runaway greenhouse instability. This 1D notion of a critical flux, however, may not be so relevant for inhomogeneously irradiated planets, or when the water content is limited (land planets). Here, based on results from our 3D global climate model, we find that the circulation pattern can shift from super-rotation to stellar/anti stellar circulation when the equatorial Rossby deformation radius significantly exceeds the planetary radius. Using analytical and numerical arguments, we also demonstrate the presence of systematic biases between mean surface temperatures or temperature profiles predicted from either 1D or 3D simulations. Including a complete modeling of the water cycle, we further demonstrate that for land planets closer than the inner edge of the classical habitable zone, two stable climate regimes can exist. One is the classical runaway state, and the other is a collapsed state where water is captured in permanent cold traps. We identify this "moist" bistability as the result of a competition between the greenhouse effect of water vapor and its condensation. We also present synthetic spectra showing the observable signature of these two states. Taking the example of two prototype planets in this regime, namely Gl581c and HD85512b, we argue that they could accumulate a significant amount of water ice at their surface. If such a thick ice cap is present, gravity driven ice flows and geothermal flux should come into play to produce long-lived liquid water at the edge and/or bottom of the ice cap. Consequently, the habitability of planets at smaller orbital distance than the inner edge of the classical habitable zone cannot be ruled out. Transiting planets in this regime represent promising targets for upcoming observatories like EChO and JWST.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, complete abstract in the pdf, 18 pages, 18 figures
An experimental investigation of flow conditions behind a bluff body flameholder
Creators: name: Utterback, Paul W.
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1960
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: Carbon-containing combustion products were analyzed behind a bluff body flameholder in a two-dimensional duct.  Molar concentrations of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and unburned hydrocarbon fuel were obtained at various positions vertically across the duct 34 1/8 inches behind the flameholder by means of an Infra Red Anaylzer.  A carbon balance was conducted across the duct, and parameters such as combustion efficiency, temperature, pressure, sampling rate, density, and velocity of the gas mixture were determined.

The data indicate that the methods of sampling and measurement and the use of the analyzer were satisfactory in this type of investigation. Division of the flame into three distinct zones (unburned, reaction, and burned) is shown to be a reasonable approximation.  The carbon balance across the duct was found to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions, provided that the water vapor in the gas samples was properly evaluated.  Flame spreading behind the flameholder is a slow process, and this fact was verified by evaluation of the combustion efficiency and by determination of the limits of the burned zone.
Strengthening Community College Workforce Training
Creators: name: Community College Research Center
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Employees--Training of
Education and state
Community colleges
Income distribution
Labor market

description: Investing in community college workforce training is a central part of the Biden administration’s agenda for improving the lives of American families. Now more than ever, as the nation’s economy enters a post-pandemic period of significant organizational and technological change, community colleges are well-situated to help millions of low-income Americans, particularly adults, get back into and advance in the labor market. This brief highlights ways in which new federal funding can best support community college workforce training. It first describes the landscape of community college workforce education and presents evidence on the earnings and employment outcomes of students who earn workforce credentials. Next, it reviews current CCRC research on how innovative community colleges are responding to evolving skill demands from employers and to ongoing needs both for better integration of degree and non-degree programming and for more robust student support services. It concludes with suggestions on how a federal investment could encourage community colleges to expand and improve their workforce efforts by strengthening their capacity to deliver high-quality programs and by reducing inequities in access and outcomes by race and income.
Consistent scaling laws in anelastic spherical shell dynamos
Creators: name: Yadav, Rakesh K.
name: Gastine, Thomas
name: Christensen, Ulrich R.
name: Duarte, Lúcia D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical dynamo models always employ parameter values that differ by orders of magnitude from the values expected in natural objects. However, such models have been successful in qualitatively reproducing properties of planetary and stellar dynamos. This qualitative agreement fuels the idea that both numerical models and astrophysical objects may operate in the same asymptotic regime of dynamics. This can be tested by exploring the scaling behavior of the models. For convection-driven incompressible spherical shell dynamos with constant material properties, scaling laws had been established previously that relate flow velocity and magnetic field strength to the available power. Here we analyze 273 direct numerical simulations using the anelastic approximation, involving also cases with radius-dependent magnetic, thermal and viscous diffusivities. These better represent conditions in gas giant planets and low-mass stars compared to Boussinesq models. Our study provides strong support for the hypothesis that both mean velocity and mean magnetic field strength scale as a function of power generated by buoyancy forces in the same way for a wide range of conditions.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; data used in the paper can be found in "Dataset.txt" file available in the source; to appear in ApJ
Angular Bloch Oscillations and their applications
Creators: name: Konrad, Bernd
name: Efremov, Maxim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To advance precise inertial navigation, we present a compact quantum sensor which is based on novel quantum phenomenon of the angular Bloch oscillations and measures solely the angular acceleration of slow external rotation. We investigate the dynamics of ultra-cold atoms confined in a toroidal trap with a ring-lattice along the azimuth angle, realized with the superposition of two copropagating Laguerre-Gaussian beams. In the presence of external rotation of small angular acceleration, or prescribed linear chirp between the two beams, the measured angular momentum of trapped atoms displays a specific periodic behaviour in time, which we name as the angular Bloch oscillations. This discovered quantum phenomenon is shown to be a key element of fruitful applications for (i) an efficient transfer of quantized angular momentum from light field to atoms by controlling the chirp, and (ii) the direct determination of the angular acceleration of external rotation by measuring the Bloch period.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
Nonlocal response in plasmonic waveguiding with extreme light confinement
Creators: name: Toscano, G.
name: Raza, S.
name: Yan, W.
name: Jeppesen, C.
name: Xiao, S.
name: Wubs, M.
name: Jauho, A. -P.
name: Bozhevolnyi, S. I.
name: Mortensen, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel wave equation for linearized plasmonic response, obtained by combining the coupled real-space differential equations for the electric field and current density. Nonlocal dynamics are fully accounted for, and the formulation is very well suited for numerical implementation, allowing us to study waveguides with subnanometer cross-sections exhibiting extreme light confinement. We show that groove and wedge waveguides have a fundamental lower limit in their mode confinement, only captured by the nonlocal theory. The limitation translates into an upper limit for the corresponding Purcell factors, and thus has important implications for quantum plasmonics.
description: Accepted for Nanophotonics (De Gruyter, editorial board headed by Federico Capasso, http://www.degruyter.com/view/j/nanoph). Supplemental material available upon request
Five Years Later: Technology and Advising Redesign at Early Adopter Colleges
Creators: name: Pellegrino, Lauren
name: Lopez-Salazar, Andrea
name: Kalamkarian, Hoori Santikian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Counseling in higher education
Community college students--Services for
Academic achievement--Social aspects
Community colleges
Educational technology

description: In 2015, 26 broad-access two- and four-year colleges from various regions across the nation began steps to adopt or enhance technology-mediated advising practices in an effort to improve the way they support students. These institutions were part of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation’s Integrated Planning and Advising for Student Success (iPASS) initiative, aimed at promoting technology-supported advising redesign with implementation guidance from Achieving the Dream and EDUCAUSE. Understanding the iPASS colleges’ long engagement in advising reform provides insights about sustainable and scalable redesign strategies that may work well at other institutions. Based on interviews with college personnel, this brief discusses the iPASS colleges’ experiences, achievements, and challenges. The authors’ findings align with and build on CCRC’s previous iPASS and advising redesign research, which recognizes several elements connected with successful redesign efforts: the importance of strong support from senior leadership; a focus beyond technology adoption that considers structural changes at the college that are central to the student experience and advising practice; and a clear shift in outreach and communication with students—both in-person and electronically—that is more targeted and personalized. This brief also discusses how the early adopter colleges have worked with technology vendors, the ways in which they have leveraged internal resources to move the redesign work forward, and how they have maintained momentum in reform over a substantial period of time.
Investing in Student Success at Community Colleges: Lessons from Research on Guided Pathways
Creators: name: Community College Research Center
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Educational change
Community colleges
Education and state

description: Investing in community colleges is a central part of the Biden administration’s education agenda, with the goal of strengthening America’s middle class and opening the benefits of education to all Americans. CCRC has conducted 25 years of research on how community colleges can more effectively educate students and set them up to successfully transfer to a four-year college, launch a family-sustaining career, or upskill to get a better job. Our research has led to the conclusion that systemic, whole-college reform is needed to reach all students and to help many more of them reach their goals. Guided Pathways is a comprehensive reform approach whereby community colleges fundamentally redesign their programs and support services in ways that create clearer, more educationally coherent pathways to credentials with strong labor-market value. It is currently being implemented by hundreds of colleges across the country. Guided Pathways is not an intervention but rather a framework that the federal government, states, and colleges can use to strengthen community colleges and improve student outcomes. In this brief, we explain what Guided Pathways is, why we think it has promise, what it costs, and how it can help improve student success on a large scale and thus grow a stronger, more prosperous, and more inclusive middle class.
The Kummer ratio of the relative class number for prime cyclotomic fields
Creators: name: Kandhil, Neelam
name: Languasco, Alessandro
name: Moree, Pieter
name: Eddin, Sumaia Saad
name: Sedunova, Alisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 11R18, 11R29, Secondary 11R47, 11Y60

description: Kummer's conjecture predicts the asymptotic growth of the relative class number of prime cyclotomic fields. We substantially improve the known bounds of Kummer's ratio under three scenarios: no Siegel zero, presence of Siegel zero and assuming the Riemann Hypothesis for the Dirichlet $L$-series attached to odd characters only. The numerical work in this paper extends and improves on our earlier preprint (arXiv:1908.01152) and demonstrates our theoretical results.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables; to appear in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
Role of Local Community in Heritage Management for Sustainable Cultural Tourism Development: A Study on Lalbagh Region, Murshidabad, West Bengal
Creators: name: Sinha, Rupa
name: Gantait, Arnab
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Presented the paper titled, “Role of Local Community in Heritage Management for Sustainable Cultural Tourism Development: A Study on Lalbagh Region, Murshidabad, West Bengal” in the International Conference on Community Involvement in Tourism Development in Emerging Countries, organized by the Department of Business Studies, School of Business Studies, Central University of Karnataka, India, held on 3rd Jan – 5th Jan 2019 and awarded ‘Best Paper’ in the research paper presentation category.
Caring Campus: An Initiative to Involve Community College Staff in Increasing Student Success
Creators: name: Bickerstaff, Susan E.
name: Barnett, Elisabeth A.
name: Lopez-Salazar, Andrea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Community college students
Teacher-student relationships
Student-administrator relationships
Academic achievement

description: Despite research pointing to the crucial role nonacademic staff play in student success in higher education, large-scale reform efforts at community colleges and elsewhere typically focus little direct attention on interpersonal interactions between students and staff. Caring Campus is a program developed and administered by the Institute for Evidence-Based Change (IEBC) to engage faculty and nonacademic staff—including individuals from financial aid, counseling, public safety, facilities, and enrollment management—in improving interactions with students and creating a culture of caring at community colleges. This brief introduces CCRC’s research on the staff-focused Caring Campus initiative. It discusses the importance of nonacademic staff to the postsecondary experience and then presents a theory of change for the Caring Campus approach. Drawing on observations at six colleges and interviews conducted with 20 representatives from nine colleges and IEBC staff, the brief also describes initial findings related to the initiative’s potential to affect college culture and ground further change efforts.
Extended Forward-Backward Algorithm
Creators: name: Lassonde, Marc
name: Nagesseur, Ludovic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47J25, 47H05, 90C25

description: We propose an extended forward-backward algorithm for approximating a zero of a maximal monotone operator which can be split as the extended sum of two maximal monotone operators. We establish the weak convergence in average of the sequence generated by the algorithm under assumptions similar to those used in classical forward-backward algorithms. This provides as a special case an algorithm for solving convex constrained minimization problems without qualification condition.
description: 9 pages
Implementing and Scaling Multiple Measures Assessment in the Context of COVID-19
Creators: name: Bickerstaff, Susan E.
name: Kopko, Elizabeth Mary
name: Lewy, Erika B.
name: Raufman, Julia
name: Rutschow, Elizabeth Zachry
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Educational tests and measurements
College placement services
Community colleges
COVID-19 (Disease)

description: State systems have played an increasingly prominent role in encouraging community colleges to implement effective developmental education reforms, and some states have begun to recommend or require multiple measures assessment for placement. The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic unexpectedly created opportunities for state systems to facilitate institutional adoption of multiple measures assessment. In spring 2020, as large numbers of colleges across the nation moved to remote learning and work, it was often infeasible to continue offering in-person, proctored placement tests. Institutions sought out new ways to assess and place students. This brief discusses four states—Indiana, Virginia, Texas, and Washington—that supported large-scale changes to placement practices, with greater emphasis on multiple measures. Based on interviews with system leaders and college administrators, faculty, and staff in these states, the authors of the brief present four short case studies that summarize how each state changed its placement policies and supported colleges in reaction to the pandemic. The brief addresses common multiple measures assessment implementation challenges such as facilitating buy-in; providing implementation support; combatting initiative fatigue; and establishing data-informed evaluation processes.
Phenomenology of scalar leptoquarks
Creators: name: Arnold, Jonathan M.
name: Fornal, Bartosz
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the simplest renormalizable scalar leptoquark models where the standard model is augmented only by one additional scalar representation of SU(3) x SU(2) x U(1). The requirement that there be no proton decay from renormalizable interactions singles out two such models, one of which exhibits an unusual top mass enhancement of the mu -> e gamma decay rate. We analyze the phenomenology of the model with the unusual top mass enhancement of loop level chirality changing charged lepton processes in the light of existing and upcoming experiments. Both of the models that do not allow proton decay from renormalizable interactions have dimension five operators that, even if suppressed by the Planck scale, can give rise to an unacceptably high level of baryon number violation. We discuss symmetries that can forbid these dimension five operators.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Can Dual Enrollment Algebra Reduce Racial/Ethnic Gaps in Early STEM Outcomes? Evidence From Florida
Creators: name: Minaya, Veronica
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Dual enrollment
Community college students
High school students
Minorities--Ethnic identity
Education--Social aspects

description: Math is an integral subject in nearly all STEM disciplines, and early exposure to advanced math coursework may encourage high school students to enter and persist in STEM fields in college. This report examines whether taking college algebra through dual enrollment affects high school graduation, college enrollment, and early STEM outcomes. The author uses a fuzzy regression discontinuity methodological design and rich transcript-level data on one cohort of Florida public high school students tracked post-high school into Florida community colleges and universities to estimate the effects of taking dual enrollment algebra. Results show that among students on the margin of eligibility, taking dual enrollment algebra increases the likelihood that students enroll in a STEM program in college. They also show particularly strong effects on beginning college and persisting in college as a STEM major for Black and Hispanic students. The study does not detect an effect on overall rates of high school graduation or college enrollment. Broadly, the findings suggest that encouraging Black and Hispanic students to take college-level math courses in high school may help to advance equity in STEM fields.
Fluctuations in Shear-Jammed States: A Statistical Ensemble Approach
Creators: name: Bi, Dapeng
name: Zhang, Jie
name: Behringer, R. P.
name: Chakraborty, Bulbul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Granular matter exists out of thermal equilibrium, i.e. it is athermal. While conventional equilibrium statistical mechanics is not useful for characterizing granular materials, the idea of constructing a statistical ensemble analogous to its equilibrium counterpart to describe static granular matter was proposed by Edwards and Oakshott more than two decades ago. Recent years have seen several implementations of this idea. One of these is the stress ensemble, which is based on properties of the force moment tensor, and applies to frictional and frictionless grains. We demonstrate the full utility of this statistical framework in shear jammed (SJ) experimental states [1,2], a special class of granular solids created by pure shear, which is a strictly non-equilbrium protocol for creating solids. We demonstrate that the stress ensemble provides an excellent quantitative description of fluctuations in experimental SJ states. We show that the stress fluctuations are controlled by a single tensorial quantity: the angoricity of the system, which is a direct analog of the thermodynamic temperature. SJ states exhibit significant correlations in local stresses and are thus inherently different from density-driven, isotropically jammed (IJ) states.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
A new approach to test Lorentz invariance
Creators: name: Wilschut, H. W.
name: Dijck, E. A.
name: Hoekstra, S.
name: Jungmann, K.
name: Müller, S. E.
name: Noordmans, J. P.
name: Onderwater, C. J. G.
name: Pijpker, C.
name: Sytema, A.
name: Timmermans, R. G. E.
name: Vos, K. K.
name: Willmann, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lorentz invariance in the weak interaction has been tested rather poorly compared to the electromagnetic interaction. In this work we show which tests on the weak interaction should be considered. We focus on one particular test that explores the spin degree of freedom in β decay. To connect various phenomenological tests of Lorentz invariance in the weak interaction, we exploit a new theoretical model that may provide a framework that relates the different tests.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
title: DNA Architectonics: Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Oligonucleotides into Supramolecular Nanostructures
Creators: name: Rothenbühler, Simon
Publisher: name: Universität Bern
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 540 Chemistry
subject: 570 Life sciences; biology
subject: 610 Medicine & health

description: The first chapter aims at introducing topics related to the thesis. These include supramolecular polymers in aqueous medium, some structural aspects of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the preparation of synthetic oligomers, the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE), and different approaches for the construction of DNA nanostructures. This introduction, with a focus on what has been reported previously in our research group, is followed by elucidating the aim of the thesis in chapter 2. The results of the experimental lab work are discussed in the subsequent chapters.
In the third chapter, amphiphilic DNA conjugates exhibiting hydrophobic tetraphenylethylene (TPE) sticky ends at the 3’-ends are examined. Supramolecular assembly of such DNA duplexes results in two distinct vesicular morphologies – they either appear as prolate ellipsoids or spheres. The two different DNA architectures are characterized by their DNA duplex alignment within the supramolecular arrays. Only one type of DNA packing leads to the formation of DNA-addressable vesicular constructs.
The self-assembly of 3’-/5’-end TPE-modified DNA duplexes into vesicular nanostructures are explored in chapter 4. The objective of this chapter is to investigate the influence of the TPE sticky ends and DNA sequence length on the self-assembly behavior of the duplexes. The fifth chapter is devoted to further functionalize the supramolecular constructs, assembled from 3’-/5’-end TPE-modified DNA duplexes. Introduction of a terminal functionality into the duplexes governs the supramolecular assembly process and leads to clearly distinct DNA architectures, such as a star-shaped morphology. Chapter 6 provides an approach for the creation of DNA nanostructures, assembled from 3’-/5’-end TPE-modified DNA conjugates hybridized to a longer DNA complement.
In the seventh chapter, the self-assembly of phosphodiester-linked TPE trimers in aqueous medium under different conditions is presented.
Chapter 8 briefly describes a collaboration project, namely the synthesis of target compounds that are subsequently employed in on-surface polymerization and cryo-force spectroscopy experiments. Finally, overall conclusions are drawn, as well as outlining future perspectives.
Notes on a Cultural History of Reporting
Creators: name: Tucher, Andrea Jean
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Journalism
Journalists
History

description: James W. Carey’s landmark call for a cultural history of reporting has galvanized some scholars and perplexed others, many of whom find too vague or limiting his description of the task as exploring the history of consciousness. Here I suggest recasting the troublesome question and considering instead the history of the most basic and elemental task of journalism: the effort of some humans to persuade other humans they probably don’t know that what they say is an acceptable representation of their world. Such an approach involves exploring both the practical, nuts-and-bolts aspects of journalistic work as well as the mutual understandings and expectations that developed between readers and journalists, and focuses on the later nineteenth century as the time of greatest change. I pose a series of questions as a starting point for this investigation.
Subdifferential Test for Optimality
Creators: name: Jules, Florence
name: Lassonde, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 49J52, 49K27, 26D10, 26B25

description: We provide a first-order necessary and sufficient condition for optimality of lower semicontinuous functions on Banach spaces using the concept of subdifferential. From the sufficient condition we derive that any subdifferential operator is monotone absorbing, hence maximal monotone when the function is convex.
description: 6 pages
Reporting for Duty: The Bohemian Brigade, the Civil War, and the Social Construction of the Reporter
Creators: name: Tucher, Andrea Jean
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Journalism
Journalists
Journalists--Professional ethics
History
American Civil War (1861-1865)

description: Based on four memoirs by reporters covering the American Civil War for major New York newspapers, this essay explores a turning point in the way some journalists presented themselves to the public. For the first time, journalists were writing about their work and making explicit claims about their rights and responsibilites as narrators of the nation's stories. They were beginning to think of themselves as a class apart--as professionals.
“The True, the False, and the ‘Not Exactly Lying’: Making Fakes and Telling Stories in the Age of the Real Thing"
Creators: name: Tucher, Andrea Jean
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Journalism
Journalistic ethics
History

description: In the complicated journalistic landscape of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, where all the rules for both fact and fiction were under reconsideration, some journalists briefly embraced the practice they openly called "faking" as a true-to-life way of rendering the world. The professional and public discourse about the propriety of the practice offers intriguing insights into evolving understandings about exactly how to tell the truth.
Selection theory of free dendritic growth in a potential flow
Creators: name: von Kurnatowski, Martin
name: Grillenbeck, Thomas
name: Kassner, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Kruskal-Segur approach to selection theory in diffusion-limited or Laplacian growth is extended via combination with the Zauderer decomposition scheme. This way nonlinear bulk equations become tractable. To demonstrate the method, we apply it to two-dimensional crystal growth in a potential flow. We omit the simplifying approximations used in a preliminary calculation for the same system [T. Fischaleck, K. Kassner, EPL 81, 54004 (2008)], thus exhibiting the capability of the method to extend mathematical rigor to more complex problems than hitherto accessible.
description: 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Spectral Gaps of Spin-orbit Coupled Particles in Deformed Traps
Creators: name: Marchukov, O. V.
name: Volosniev, A. G.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
name: Zinner, N. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a spin-orbit coupled system of particles in an external trap that is represented by a deformed harmonic oscillator potential. The spin-orbit interaction is a Rashba interaction that does not commute with the trapping potential and requires a full numerical treatment in order to obtain the spectrum. The effect of a Zeeman term is also considered. Our results demonstrate that variable spectral gaps occur as a function of strength of the Rashba interaction and deformation of the harmonic trapping potential. The single-particle density of states and the critical strength for superfluidity vary tremendously with the interaction parameter. The strong variations with Rashba coupling and deformation implies that the few- and many-body physics of spin-orbit coupled systems can be manipulated by variation of these parameters.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, published version
Burning of single droplets of hydrocarbon fuels in oxidizing atmospheres
Creators: name: Perkins, Carlton Kay
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1954
Subjects: Aeronautics

description: Experiments have been conducted in order to determine the burning, rates of single droplets of liquid fuels in oxidizing atmospheres. N-heptane and absolute ethyl alcohol were tested in nitrogen-oxygen mixtures for oxygen weight fractions between 0.10 and 0.90. Measurements were made also for benzene and toluene; for oxygen weight fractions greater than for air, a carbon residue formed during the burning of these fuels, which made it impossible to obtain accurate data. For all nitrogen-oxygen mixtures it was found that the mass burning rate of single droplets of fuel is proportional to the first power of the drop diameter.

The theoretical analysis on the burning of single droplets of fuels in an oxidizing atmosphere by Goldsmith and Penner was used to obtain values for the evaporation constants of the fuels tested. The experimentally determined values of the evaporation constants were found to be in good agreement with the calculated values for all fuels tested which did not form carbon.
Characterizing entanglement in pulsed parametric downconversion using chronocyclic Wigner functions
Creators: name: Brecht, Benjamin
name: Silberhorn, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsed parametric downconversion (PDC) processes generate photon pairs with a rich spectral-temporal structure, which offer an attractive potential for quantum information and communication applications. In this paper, we investigate the four-dimensional chronocyclic Wigner function of the PDC state, which naturally lends itself to the pulsed characteristics of these states. From this function we derive the conditioned time-bandwidth product of one of the pair photons, a quantity which is not only a valid measure of entanglement between the PDC photons but also allows to highlight a remarkable link between the discrete and continuous variable descriptions of PDC. We numerically analyze PDC processes with different conditions to demonstrate the versatility of our approach, which is applicable to a large number of current PDC sources.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures