cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Look Before You “Lock”
Creators: name: Suarez, Christopher
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2012

description: In network industries, consumers do not always prefer single standards. Setting aside antitrust principles, the Federal Circuit implicitly assumed in Princo that consumers preferred a single standard in the CD-R/RW industry when it held that a patent suppression agreement did not constitute patent misuse. But some network industries can—and do—converge toward multiple standards, and antitrust analyses can be informative in this context. As this Article shows, patent suppression agreements may still “leverage” existing patents in ways that unlawfully expand their scope. This Article argues that courts must consider consumers’ demand-side preferences when they analyze patent misuse claims in network industries, and it proposes a quid-pro-quo rule that incentivizes demand-side analyses by the private sector. This rule would render suppression agreements per se legal in exchange for a commitment to release suppressed technologies into the public domain after a short time-frame, but would also support thorough patent misuse scrutiny in cases where firms refuse to make such a commitment. This rule could move us toward better empirical understandings of consumers’ preferences in network industries, preserve judicial economy in the patent misuse area, and better ensure that superior standards prevail in the marketplace.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 13 No 2: 2011-2012
Ershov, E. (2013). Public Health as an object of sociology: book review (in Russian)
Creators: name: Andreeva, Tatiana
name: Ershov, Evgeniy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Ershov, E. (2013). Public Health as an object of sociology: book review (in Russian). Tobacco Control and Public Health in Eastern Europe, 3(1), 51-55. doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.732761 Public Health as an object of sociology
Book review of the monograph by V.A.Medik and A.M.Osipov "Public Health: medical and sociological analysis"
Evgeniy Ershov
The book review refers to a recently published monograph devoted to sociology of medicine. The monograph contains an overview of recent studies conducted in Russia in the field of sociology of public health. Authors overview concepts used in public health as well as results of their own research. They also discuss measures that are deemed relevant to improve population health and cover wide range of medical and social challenges of health care in Russia. The monograph may be interesting for health care managers and researchers.
Encryption and Globalization
Creators: name: Swire, Peter
name: Ahmad, Kenesa
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2012

description: During the 1990s, encryption was one of the most hotly debated areas of technology law and policy. Law enforcement and security agencies initially supported limits on the export of strong encryption for national security reasons. In 1999, however, the administration shifted position to allow largely unrestricted export of encryption technologies. Encryption law and policy discussions largely faded from view. Recently, encryption is again resurfacing as a major point of policy discussion. Changes to Indian and Chinese laws regarding encryption technologies have raised questions of international trade, national security, and communications security. There are key lessons learned from the U.S. experience that are highly relevant when the debate shifts from one country to a globalized setting. However, since the U.S. encryption question was settled in 1999, a new generation of policy makers, lawyers, and technologists has emerged with little or no experience in the area of encryption policy. This article seeks to fill an important gap in the literature, and to inform the debate on encryption policies in the face of increasing globalization. By examining the relevant history, technology, law, and policy, this article explains why it is vital to assure the widespread and global availability of strong encryption for our data and communications.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 13 No 2: 2011-2012
Pleading Patent Infringement
Creators: name: Steinmetz, Adam
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2012

description: Recent landmark Supreme Court decisions established plausibility as the new pleading standard in a civil lawsuit. However, it is not always clear how the facts of an individual case fit into such a standard, particularly in patent infringement litigation. This Note seeks to address this question by conducting a detailed investigation of the pleading requirements in recent patent infringement cases. First, the Note investigates whether a patent holder must specify the means by which the defendant allegedly infringes at the pleading stage: whether the complaint must identify alleged infringing devices, and whether it must also put forth a theory of infringement. Second, the Note investigates Form 18—an example of a sufficiently pled patent complaint that has not been updated in the Federal Rules since the recent Iqbal and Twombly cases, and finds that judges have used a number of approaches to reconcile Form 18 with the new pleading standard. Third, the Note discusses what should be the applicable precedent for evaluating pleading issues in patent cases. Since procedural issues and substantive patent law issues may become intertwined under a plausibility standard, patent pleading issues should be controlled by the Federal Circuit, rather than the regional circuit courts. Finally, the Note proposes a common line of inquiry that courts should take in resolving patent infringement pleading issues. In ruling on a FRCP 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss, the court should ask whether the plaintiff’s complaint has guided the course of discovery on the issue. If it has not, the motion to dismiss should be granted.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 13 No 2: 2011-2012
Kasianczuk, M. (2013). Homosexuality in the provinces: book review (in Russian)
Creators: name: Andreeva, Tatiana
name: Kasianczuk, Maxim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Homosexuality in the provinces: book review
Maxim Kasianczuk
The paper announces the report on complex biobehavioral survey of HIV-vulnerable social group — men who have sex with men — MSM. The study was conducted in a town of Mariupol (situated in Eastern Ukraine), which until recently was not covered by wide-scale HIV-prevention and service projects.
A Short-Term Planning Framework for the Operation of Tanker-Based Water Distribution Systems in Urban Areas
Creators: name: Maheshwari, Abhilasha
name: Misra, Shamik
name: Gudi, Ravindra
name: Subbiah, Senthilmurugan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53-04

description: Tanker-based distribution systems have been prevalent in developing countries to supply clean and pure water in different regions. To efficiently operate such tanker service systems, a large fleet of tanker trucks are required to transport water among several water sources, water treatment plants and consumers spanning across the regions. This requires tighter coordination between water suppliers, treatment plant operations, and user groups to use available water resources in a sustainable manner, along with the assurance of water quality and timely delivery. This paper proposes a novel formulation to assist decision-making for optimizing tanker-based water distribution systems and treatment operations, with an overall objective of minimizing the total operating cost such that all of the constraints related to the water demand, supply operations, and environmental and social aspects are honored while supplying water to a maximum number of users. The problem is formulated and solved as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) optimization framework and captures all of the nuances related to (i) water availability limitations and quality constraints from different sources, (ii) maintaining water quality as it transports via tankers, (iii) water demands for various end-use purposes, and (iv) transportation across a water supply chain. The proposed novel framework is applied to a realistic urban model to find the optimal tanker delivery schedule, ensuring appropriate treatment and timely delivery of water. The results of the case study conducted on a representative-scale problem also elucidate several aspects of treatment plant operation and consumer demand fulfillment for the efficient planning and management of tanker-based water distribution systems.
description: 50 pages, 11 figures
The Importance of Imports as a Source of Food
Creators: name: Hiemstra, Stephen J.
name: Hiemstra, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
International Relations/Trade

description: Excerpts from the report: About 12 percent of all food consumed by U. S. civilians in 1964 was imported or shipped in from U. S. Territories. Both fishery products and farm products are included in this estimate. Many foods are entirely domestically produced, but many others, primarily tropical commodities such as coffee, tea, cocoa products, bananas, many of the treenuts, several oils and oilseeds, and such fishery products as spiny lobsters are mostly imported. Close to half of the agricultural foods imported last year are classed as either noncompetitive or only partly competitive with U. S. -produced products. Coffee is by far the most important imported food item. Valued in terms of 1957-59 farm (or dockside) prices, coffee accounted for 45 percent of total imports for civilian food last year. The other major food imports were beef and veal, 11 percent; sugar and sirups, 9 percent; bananas, 9 percent; cocoa products, 8 percent; and fishery products, 5 percent. Crop products accounted for 80 percent of the total and animal products 20 percent.
description: Reprinted from the National Food Situation, NFS- 112, May 1965, by the Economic and Statistical Analysis Division, Economic Research Service.
Numerical approximations of McKean Anticipative Backward Stochastic Differential Equations arising in Initial Margin requirements
Creators: name: Agarwal, A.
name: De Marco, S.
name: Gobet, E.
name: Lopez-Salas, J. G.
name: Noubiagain, F.
name: Zhou, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a new class of anticipative backward stochastic differential equations with a dependence of McKean type on the law of the solution, that we name MKABSDE. We provide existence and uniqueness results in a general framework with relatively general regularity assumptions on the coefficients. We show how such stochastic equations arise within the modern paradigm of derivative pricing where a central counterparty (CCP) requires the members to deposit variation and initial margins to cover their exposure. In the case when the initial margin is proportional to the Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) of the contract price, we apply our general result to define the price as a solution of a MKABSDE. We provide several linear and non-linear simpler approximations, which we solve using different numerical (deterministic and Monte-Carlo) methods.
Drones and Privacy
Creators: name: Takahashi, Timothy T
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2013

description: The Los Angeles Times recently reported the first instance in which military “drone” aircraft participated in the arrest of United States citizens on United States soil. A Customs and Border Protection Predator B drone played a key role in the arrest of Rodney Brossart and his three sons at their North Dakota ranch. With the conclusion of the Second Gulf War, pressures mount to utilize surplus drones and other quasi-military drone technology on the home front. This monograph summarizes the known facts of the Brossart case, describes the capabilities of military surveillance “drone” aircraft, and discusses whether a case similar to Brossart could serve as a catalyst for Supreme Court action. If such a case were appealed, the Supreme Court could issue a judgment articulating a new standard controlling how the Fourth Amendment governs robotic surveillance.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 14 No 1: 2012-2013
title: Conversation and intonation in autism
title: A multi-dimensional analysis
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wehrle, Simon
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: conversations between autistic adults
subject: 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik

description: This book provides an in-depth, multi-dimensional analysis of conversations between autistic adults. The investigation is focussed on intonation style, turn-taking and the use of backchannels, filled pauses and silent pauses. Previous findings on intonation style in the context of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are contradictory, with claims ranging from characteristically monotonous to characteristically melodic intonation. A novel methodology for quantifying intonation style is used, and it is revealed that autistic speakers tended towards a more melodic intonation style compared to control speakers in the data set under investigation. Research on turn-taking (the organisation of who speaks when in conversation) in ASD is limited, with most studies claiming a tendency for longer silent gaps in ASD. No clear overall difference in turn-timing between the ASD and the control group was found in the data under study. There was, however, a clear difference between groups specifically in the earliest stages of dialogue, where ASD dyads produced considerably longer silent gaps than controls. Backchannels (listener signals such as mmhm or okay) have barely been investigated in ASD to date. The current analysis shows that autistic speakers produced fewer backchannels per minute (particularly in the early stages of dialogue), and that backchannels were less diverse prosodically and lexically. Filled pauses (hesitation signals such as uhm and uh) in ASD have been the subject of a handful of previous studies, most of which claim that autistic speakers produced fewer uhm tokens (specifically). It is shown that filled pauses were produced at an identical rate in both groups and that there was an equivalent preference of uhm over uh. ASD speakers differed only in the prosodic realisation of filled pauses. It is further shown that autistic speakers produced more long silent (within-speaker) pauses than controls. The analyses presented in this book provide new insights into conversation strategies and intonation styles in ASD, as reviewed in a summary analysis. The findings are discussed in the context of previous research, general characteristics of cognition in ASD, and the importance of studying communication in interaction and across neurotypes.
Necessity is the Mother, but Protection May Not Be the Father of Invention
Creators: name: Endres, A. Bryan
name: Giffin, Carly E.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2013

description: Standard innovation theory assumes that intellectual property protection is a prerequisite to the development of technological advances. A strong intellectual property system, composed of both laws that establish intellectual property protection and a judicial or other adjudicative system to enforce the property right, has been considered necessary to stimulate innovation for the benefit of society. While not directly challenging this traditionally held belief, the authors used empirical data to test the assumption in the context of agriculture. This paper analyzed twenty years of agricultural production data from Argentina, Brazil, China, India, and the United States and their accompanying intellectual property systems. The authors sought to determine whether strong intellectual property laws, along with vigorous enforcement, do in fact correlate with greater innovation. The results of this empirical study were mixed. The authors’ analysis identified a statistically significant relationship between research and development (R & D) expenditures — considered a proxy for innovation — and hectares planted, but found no significant relationship between R & D expenditures and crop yield. Subsequent analysis of applications for intellectual property protection and crop production yielded similarly mixed results. Thus, the analysis reveals that, based on some measures, innovation manages to thrive despite the absence of strong intellectual property regimes in some developing countries.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 14 No 1: 2012-2013
Uptake and movement of phosphorus (32P) in grapes
Creators: name: Madhava Rao, V. N.
name: Venkatachalam, S.
name: Natarajan, C. P.
name: Srinivasan, C.
Publisher: name: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research
Year: 2017

description: Phosphorus applied into the soil, appeared in the vine shoots within 24 hours of application, and the 6th bud of the shoot, which is generally the most fruitful region of shoots in the Anab-e-Shahi variety of grape, accumulated a high concentration of fertilizer P.
description: VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 10 No. 2 (1971): Vitis
Certifiably Robust Encoding Schemes
Creators: name: Saxena, Aman
name: Wollschläger, Tom
name: Franco, Nicola
name: Lorenz, Jeanette Miriam
name: Günnemann, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum machine learning uses principles from quantum mechanics to process data, offering potential advances in speed and performance. However, previous work has shown that these models are susceptible to attacks that manipulate input data or exploit noise in quantum circuits. Following this, various studies have explored the robustness of these models. These works focus on the robustness certification of manipulations of the quantum states. We extend this line of research by investigating the robustness against perturbations in the classical data for a general class of data encoding schemes. We show that for such schemes, the addition of suitable noise channels is equivalent to evaluating the mean value of the noiseless classifier at the smoothed data, akin to Randomized Smoothing from classical machine learning. Using our general framework, we show that suitable additions of phase-damping noise channels improve empirical and provable robustness for the considered class of encoding schemes.
On using AutoML to Predict Clinical Outcomes
Creators: name: Wong, Wendy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: automl

description: AutoML allows users to create high-quality machine learning models to solve real-world problems without much coding. Recently, Automl has been used in machine learning competitions such as Kaggle and showed excellent performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether AutoML can be utilized for biologists who have little experience with machine learning can use AutoML to gain insights from their data. In this study, I will re-analyze a case-control gene expression data set with open-source AutoML frameworks. I will compare the frameworks on their performance on creating a predictive model for disease using biomarkers from the expression data. I will demonstrate how to keep track of models and their hyperparameters using MLflow. Finally, I will attempt to gain insights by integrating information from explainable AI tools such as DALEX and biological pathways for gene set enrichment analysis.
title: „Wir werden interviewed, aber andere schreiben.“: Plurinationale Geschichten für einen plurinationalen Staat?
Creators: name: Duve, Thomas
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Nimmt man “Rechtspluralismus” ernst, so muss auch Rechtsgeschichte aus vielen Rechtsgeschichten bestehen. Im plurinationalen Staat Bolivien versucht man das umzusetzen, indem indigene Völker ihre Rechtsgeschichten selbst schreiben. Ein Bericht von einer Tagung in Sucre im September 2023.
description: Legal History Insights
Rubric-based Learner Modelling via Noisy Gates Bayesian Networks for Computational Thinking Skills Assessment
Creators: name: Adorni, Giorgia
name: Mangili, Francesca
name: Piatti, Alberto
name: Bonesana, Claudio
name: Antonucci, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In modern and personalised education, there is a growing interest in developing learners' competencies and accurately assessing them. In a previous work, we proposed a procedure for deriving a learner model for automatic skill assessment from a task-specific competence rubric, thus simplifying the implementation of automated assessment tools. The previous approach, however, suffered two main limitations: (i) the ordering between competencies defined by the assessment rubric was only indirectly modelled; (ii) supplementary skills, not under assessment but necessary for accomplishing the task, were not included in the model. In this work, we address issue (i) by introducing dummy observed nodes, strictly enforcing the skills ordering without changing the network's structure. In contrast, for point (ii), we design a network with two layers of gates, one performing disjunctive operations by noisy-OR gates and the other conjunctive operations through logical ANDs. Such changes improve the model outcomes' coherence and the modelling tool's flexibility without compromising the model's compact parametrisation, interpretability and simple experts' elicitation. We used this approach to develop a learner model for Computational Thinking (CT) skills assessment. The CT-cube skills assessment framework and the Cross Array Task (CAT) are used to exemplify it and demonstrate its feasibility.
title: “Nos entrevistaban, pero otros escribían”: ¿Historias plurinacionales para un estado plurinacional?
Creators: name: Duve, Thomas
Publisher: name: Fachinformationsdienst für internationale und interdisziplinäre Rechtsforschung
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 340

description: Si tomamos en serio el “pluralismo jurídico”, la historia del derecho debe también debe estar compuesta de muchas historias del derecho. En el Estado plurinacional de Bolivia, los pueblos indígenas están poniendo esto en práctica y escriben sus propias historias del derecho. Reporte de una conferencia celebrada en Sucre en septiembre de 2023.
description: Legal History Insights
Protecting Free and Open Source Software
Creators: name: Franco, Katherine A.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2011

description: Since the development of the General Public License, Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) developers have used copyright law to protect their software even while the goals of legally protecting FOSS often run contradictory to the policies behind the Copyright Act. Fundamental to FOSS licenses is the requirement that source code remains accessible, under the notion that this openness promotes greater progress in FOSS development and results in more robust software. However, because of the prevalent distribution of source code, FOSS is particularly vulnerable to copyright infringement. FOSS developers have preemptively protected their works by inventively licensing their work to the public. However, enforcing FOSS licenses through traditional litigation under the Copyright Act has proven challenging. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act provides legal protection that arises along with the exclusive rights traditionally provided to authors, including protection for technological measures that control access, protection for technological measures that protect exclusive rights of a copyright owner, and protection for the integrity of copyright management information (CMI). However, these extra protections are seemingly counterintuitive to the fundamentals of FOSS licenses, which seek to make their copyrighted works more accessible and less restricted. This article focuses on the provisions of the DMCA covering CMI. These provisions have rarely been litigated or otherwise analyzed. However, a review of court decisions regarding the CMI provisions of the DMCA suggest that they may prove to be particularly beneficial in protecting FOSS projects because of the emphasis by FOSS camps in managing FOSS licenses. Just as FOSS camps have traditionally utilized copyright protection that is seemingly in opposition to FOSS goals to created legal safeguards for their works, similar results can, and should, be achieved using the CMI provisions of the DMCA.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 12: 2010-2011
Don't Assume A Can Opener
Creators: name: Greenspoon, Robert P.
name: Cottle, Catherine M.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2011

description: Many different kinds of entities use the United States patent system, from individual inventors, to start-ups, to patent assertion entities, to massive operating companies. Meanwhile, “reward theory,” “prospect theory,” and “commercialization theory” are three theories intended to explain the justifications for, or social costs and benefits of, a patent system. Yet each theory barely acknowledges what goes on during actual patent acquisition, licensing or enforcement, such as transaction costs and litigation uncertainties. This article considers prior economic analyses of the patent system in this new light – patent economic theories, compared against the types of patent-using entities, compared against the costs and uncertainties of patent acquisition, licensing and enforcement.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 12: 2010-2011
Why Patentees Litigate
Creators: name: Andrews, Damon C.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2011

description: Several aspects of patent litigation call into question patent holders’ motivation for enforcing their exclusionary rights. Indeed, the expense alone can be enough to deter a firm from engaging in litigation, especially if it is likely that the parties will be unable to reach a settlement agreement and will go to trial. Notwithstanding, the number of patent infringement filings in district courts grows each year, thus providing a forum for asking what patent holders really desire to gain from litigating. Although injunctive relief and damages awards confer benefits to patent holders that can make litigating worthwhile, this Article posits that plaintiffs have no intention of ever obtaining these statutory remedies. Rather, handsome settlement arrangements provide the incentive for patentees to litigate. This Article contends that such settlement agreements are becoming a way of life for patent holders, and that rather than viewing litigation as an end result of parties’ failure to resolve a dispute, it is instead becoming the ordinary course of business and a routine consequence of owning a patent.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 12: 2010-2011
Deep progressive reinforcement learning-based flexible resource scheduling framework for IRS and UAV-assisted MEC system
Creators: name: Dong, Li
name: Jiang, Feibo
name: Wang, Minjie
name: Peng, Yubo
name: Li, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The intelligent reflection surface (IRS) and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) system is widely used in temporary and emergency scenarios. Our goal is to minimize the energy consumption of the MEC system by jointly optimizing UAV locations, IRS phase shift, task offloading, and resource allocation with a variable number of UAVs. To this end, we propose a Flexible REsource Scheduling (FRES) framework by employing a novel deep progressive reinforcement learning which includes the following innovations: Firstly, a novel multi-task agent is presented to deal with the mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. The multi-task agent has two output heads designed for different tasks, in which a classified head is employed to make offloading decisions with integer variables while a fitting head is applied to solve resource allocation with continuous variables. Secondly, a progressive scheduler is introduced to adapt the agent to the varying number of UAVs by progressively adjusting a part of neurons in the agent. This structure can naturally accumulate experiences and be immune to catastrophic forgetting. Finally, a light taboo search (LTS) is introduced to enhance the global search of the FRES. The numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the FRES framework which can make real-time and optimal resource scheduling even in dynamic MEC systems.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
On the sensitivity of field reconstruction and prediction using Empirical Orthogonal Functions derived from gappy data
Creators: name: Taylor, Marc
name: Losch, Martin
name: Wenzel, Manfred
name: Schröter, Jens
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Atmospheric Sciences

description: ABSTRACT - Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) Analysis is commonly used in the climate sciences and elsewhere to describe, reconstruct, and predict highly dimensional data fields. When data contain a high percentage of missing values (i.e. "gappy"), alternate approaches must be used in order to correctly derive EOFs. The aims of this paper are to assess the accuracy of several EOF approaches in the reconstruction and prediction of gappy data fields, using the Galapagos Archipelago as a case study example. EOF approaches included least-squares estimation via a covariance matrix decomposition (LSEOF), "Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions" (DINEOF), and a novel approach called "Recursively-Subtracted Empirical Orthogonal Functions" (RSEOF). Model-derived data of historical surface Chlorophyll a concentrations and sea surface temperature, combined with a mask of gaps from historical remote sensing estimates, allowed for the creation of "true" and "observed" fields by which to gauge the performance of EOF approaches. Only DINEOF and RSEOF were found to be appropriate for gappy data reconstruction and prediction. DINEOF proved to be the superior approach in terms of accuracy, especially for noisy data with a high estimation error, although RSEOF may be preferred for larger data fields due to its relatively faster computation time. [accepted by Journal of Climate]
Making Sense of “Apportionment” in Patent Damages
Creators: name: Bailey, Elizabeth M.
name: Leonard, Gregory K.
name: Lopez, Mario A.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2011

description: Unreasonably large damages awards in patent litigation have been an important force in motivating the movement for patent reform. “Apportionment” has found support as a solution to problem damages awards. Under apportionment, the portion of the overall value of the product that is “attributable” to the patented technology is identified. Then, reasonable royalty damages are calculated with reference to this apportioned value of the patented technology rather than the overall value of the product. While the problems that have motivated the apportionment movement are real and serious, apportionment makes sense as a solution only under the assumption that an economically invalid approach to calculating damages is being taken in the first place. A more sensible solution is to require litigants to take an economically valid approach to damages. In addition, when there are complementarities between assets, such that the combined use of two or more assets is worth more than their individual use, no unique way exists to apportion the overall value of the product among the assets (including the patented technology at issue), rendering apportionment infeasible in many cases. We consider these and other issues that surround apportionment.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 12: 2010-2011
A General Framework to Boost 3D GS Initialization for Text-to-3D Generation by Lexical Richness
Creators: name: Jiang, Lutao
name: Li, Hangyu
name: Wang, Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Text-to-3D content creation has recently received much attention, especially with the prevalence of 3D Gaussians Splatting. In general, GS-based methods comprise two key stages: initialization and rendering optimization. To achieve initialization, existing works directly apply random sphere initialization or 3D diffusion models, e.g., Point-E, to derive the initial shapes. However, such strategies suffer from two critical yet challenging problems: 1) the final shapes are still similar to the initial ones even after training; 2) shapes can be produced only from simple texts, e.g., "a dog", not for lexically richer texts, e.g., "a dog is sitting on the top of the airplane". To address these problems, this paper proposes a novel general framework to boost the 3D GS Initialization for text-to-3D generation upon the lexical richness. Our key idea is to aggregate 3D Gaussians into spatially uniform voxels to represent complex shapes while enabling the spatial interaction among the 3D Gaussians and semantic interaction between Gaussians and texts. Specifically, we first construct a voxelized representation, where each voxel holds a 3D Gaussian with its position, scale, and rotation fixed while setting opacity as the sole factor to determine a position's occupancy. We then design an initialization network mainly consisting of two novel components: 1) Global Information Perception (GIP) block and 2) Gaussians-Text Fusion (GTF) block. Such a design enables each 3D Gaussian to assimilate the spatial information from other areas and semantic information from texts. Extensive experiments show the superiority of our framework of high-quality 3D GS initialization against the existing methods, e.g., Shap-E, by taking lexically simple, medium, and hard texts. Also, our framework can be seamlessly plugged into SoTA training frameworks, e.g., LucidDreamer, for semantically consistent text-to-3D generation.
Mapping of forest roads to support touristic activities
Creators: name: Giannetti, Francesca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Farming/Forestry competitiveness and diversification
Decisional Support System
digitalisation

description: OG SURF has mapped the existing roads in its test areas using GNSS receivers and classified them based on their functionality, and identifying any maintenance issues, a prerequisite for identifying additional roads/trials to be opened in the forest.
Dispelling the Myth of Patents as Non-Rivalrous Property
Creators: name: Gruner, Richard S.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2012

description: The view of patents as non-rivalrous property is fundamentally flawed in a key respect that has been largely overlooked in the legal literature. Past scholarship has focused on downstream rivalry regarding the use of patented ideas, while neglecting upstream rivalry regarding the inputs to those ideas in many modern research settings, i.e., the efforts of inventors and the substantial research resources that support them. By reexamining the impacts of patents on allocations of scarce resources, this Article helps to clarify two important roles of patents in modern, large-budget innovation: First, patent-influenced rewards help to attract scarce resources to innovation projects that would otherwise be devoted to alternative ends. Second, patent-influenced rewards provide prioritizing information to persons allocating scarce resources, establishing a basis to compare the relative value of commitments of resources among innovation projects. As innovation projects assume ever larger and more central functions in the United States economy, patents in the areas addressed by this Article will only increase in importance. The function of patents in influencing the allocation of resources to invention production has received remarkably little attention in law review analyses to date. This Article aims to rectify this imbalance and highlight the important functions that patents play in producing innovations valued by the public.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 13 No 1: 2011-2012
Was The Telescope Obvious?
Creators: name: Gratzinger, Peter
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2012

description: History is full of inventions that multiple people appear to have arrived at independently at about the same time, from the telescope (Lippershey, Metius, and others, 1608) to the telegraph (Morse, Steinheil, and others, 1837). Simultaneous independent invention is so common that some commentators have wondered if inventions are inevitable, the byproduct of existing culture rather than the work of individual genius. This philosophical problem has important practical implications in intellectual property law, which is deeply conflicted on the issue. On the one hand, the Patent and Trademark Office has procedures in place to award a patent to the winner of a race between two or more groups for the same invention. On the other hand, the Federal Circuit recently confirmed that simultaneous independent invention can indicate that the idea was obvious and nobody deserves to patent it. This Article explores this conflict, including recent case developments, and suggests a potential resolution.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 13 No 1: 2011-2012
Copyright Fraud in the Internet Age
Creators: name: Jacobs, Russell W.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2012

description: With the advent of the digital age, authors of creative works enjoy the benefits of quickly and inexpensively distributing their works to global audiences. These developments have unfortunately led to the negative consequence that pirated, unauthorized, or altered copies reach potential users before the creator of the work releases the authentic version according to his or her terms. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998 sought to address some of these concerns by punishing circumventions of technologies controlling access to copyrighted works (17 U.S.C. § 1201) and by protecting “copyright management information,” i.e. the data identifying the author and the terms of use of a copyrighted work (17 U.S.C. § 1202). While scholars have commented extensively on section 1201, little scholarship exists on section 1202. This Article addresses that gap. The Article discusses a federal court split regarding the scope of application of section 1202 and demonstrates that the legislative history and the plain language of the statute call for broad application to both digital and non-digital works. The Article then looks at section 1202 in the context of Internet fraud, and argues that this section functions as a consumer fraud statute, offering protections for the provision of accurate information and authentic works that can well serve copyright owners and consumers.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 13 No 1: 2011-2012
Hard Cases and Hard Data
Creators: name: Mouritsen, Stephen C.
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2012

description: The Plain Meaning Rule is often assailed on the grounds that it is unprincipled—that it substitutes for careful analysis an interpreter’s ad hoc and impressionistic intuition about the meaning of legal texts. But what if judges and lawyers had the means to test their intuitions about plain meaning systematically? Then initial linguistic impressions about the meaning of a legal text might be viewed as hypotheses to be tested, rather than determinative criteria upon which to base important decisions. There exists very little legal scholarship on corpus linguistics—the study of language function and use through large, electronic linguistic databases called corpora—and the role that corpus methods might play in legal interpretation. This omission becomes more and more striking as scholars and jurists (and even the United States Supreme Court) have found themselves persuaded by corpus-based arguments. This Article argues that the plain or ordinary meaning of a given term in a given context is an empirical matter that may be quantified through corpus-based methods. These methods, when applied to questions of legal ambiguity, present significant advantages over existing empirical approaches to plain meaning and over the prevailing intuition-based interpretive approach of many courts. Because large, sophisticated linguistic corpora are widely available and easy to use, and because corpus methods offer a more principled and systematic alternative to the impressionistic interpretation of legal texts, corpus linguistics may one day revolutionize the process of legal interpretation.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 13 No 1: 2011-2012
Inducing Immune Infringement
Creators: name: Moulton, Libby
Publisher: name: Science and Technology Law Review
Year: 2012

description: When the Physician’s Immunity Statute was enacted in 1997, its statutory language and legislative history left open an important question—under what circumstances should the medical practitioner’s immunity be extended to the inducer of an infringement? This Article explores the relationship between the two patent statutes central to answering this question: the Physician’s Immunity Statute, 35 U.S.C. § 287(c), which grants immunity to medical practitioners who infringe a medical method patent, and the inducement statute, 35 U.S.C. § 271(b), which states that a patent holder may recover from a party who actively induces patent infringement. It concludes that there is indeed a conflict between the Physician’s Immunity Statute’s language and intent, especially when considered in conjunction with inducement statute’s policy of providing a useable remedy to infringement. To resolve this conflict, the Article lays out a proposed framework for courts to determine when an inducer should be held liable for the infringement of a medical method patent. Courts should carefully interpret the language of section 287(c), and limit section 271(b) in some settings, in order to give proper effect to the policy that section 287(c) expresses.
description: Science and Technology Law Review, Vol 13 No 1: 2011-2012
TYPES OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESSES AND UPBRINGING OF CHILDREN WHO NEED SPECIAL HELP
Creators: name: Rimbayeva, Ozoda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The educational processes and types of upbringing of children who need special assistance require special approaches and methods. This article will talk about the processes of upbringing of children in need of special assistance, types of upbringing, as well as methods of approach in the process of upbringing.
การพัฒนารูปแบบการจัดการความรู้เพื่อยกระดับขีดความสามารถในการปฏิบัติงานของพนักงานในโรงแรมขนาดเล็กในเขตพัฒนาการท่องเที่ยวลุ่มน้ำโขง
Creators: name: เพ็ญพักร์ศิณา วิเชียรวรรณ
Publisher: name: Thonburi University
Year: 2022
Subjects: การจัดการความรู้
ส่งเสริมการปฏิบัติงานของพนักงาน
วิกฤตการณ์ระบาดของไวรัสโควิด-19
โรงแรมขนาดเล็ก
เขตพัฒนาการท่องเที่ยวลุ่มน้ำโขง

description: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Thonburi University, 16, 3, 1-12
On the sensitivity of field reconstruction and prediction using Empirical Orthogonal Functions derived from gappy data
Creators: name: Taylor, Marc
name: Losch, Martin
name: Wenzel, Manfred
name: Schröter, Jens
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Atmospheric Sciences

description: ABSTRACT - Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) Analysis is commonly used in the climate sciences and elsewhere to describe, reconstruct, and predict highly dimensional data fields. When data contain a high percentage of missing values (i.e. "gappy"), alternate approaches must be used in order to correctly derive EOFs. The aims of this paper are to assess the accuracy of several EOF approaches in the reconstruction and prediction of gappy data fields, using the Galapagos Archipelago as a case study example. EOF approaches included least-squares estimation via a covariance matrix decomposition (LSEOF), "Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions" (DINEOF), and a novel approach called "Recursively-Subtracted Empirical Orthogonal Functions" (RSEOF). Model-derived data of historical surface Chlorophyll a concentrations and sea surface temperature, combined with a mask of gaps from historical remote sensing estimates, allowed for the creation of "true" and "observed" fields by which to gauge the performance of EOF approaches. Only DINEOF and RSEOF were found to be appropriate for gappy data reconstruction and prediction. DINEOF proved to be the superior approach in terms of accuracy, especially for noisy data with a high estimation error, although RSEOF may be preferred for larger data fields due to its relatively faster computation time. [submitted to Journal of Climate]
Predictions for Sparse Photometry of Jupiter-Family Comet Nuclei in the LSST Era
Creators: name: Donaldson, A.
name: Snodgrass, C.
name: Kokotanekova, R.
name: Rożek, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) at Vera C. Rubin Observatory will deliver high-quality, temporally-sparse observations of millions of Solar System objects on an unprecedented scale. Such datasets will likely enable the precise estimation of small body properties on a population-wide basis. In this work, we consider the possible applications of photometric data points from the LSST to the characterisation of Jupiter-family comet (JFC) nuclei. We simulate sparse-in-time lightcurve points with an LSST-like cadence for the orbit of a JFC between 2024-2033. Convex lightcurve inversion is used to assess whether the simulation input parameters can be accurately reproduced for a sample of nucleus rotation periods, pole orientations, activity onsets, shapes and sizes. We find that the rotation period and pole direction can be reliably constrained across all nucleus variants tested, and that the convex shape models, while limited in their ability to describe complex or bilobed nuclei, are effective for correcting sparse photometry for rotational modulation to improve estimates of nucleus phase functions. Based on this analysis, we anticipate that LSST photometry will significantly enhance our present understanding of the spin-state and phase function distributions of JFC nuclei.
description: Published in the Planetary Science Journal, 22 pages
Safe-by-Design of DNA origami-based biosensors: Moving towards safer nano-innovations
Creators: name: Voglhuber-Höller, Julia
name: Resch, Susanne
name: Scheper, Johanna K.
name: Falk, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The increasing number of nanotechnology-based applications emerging from and for the medical field not only accentuates a growing need for such products, but also puts the spotlight on high expectations. Alongside the development of such advanced technical applications, a Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept can ensure a safe(r) innovation process and ultimately prevent late developmental failures. During development and innovation processes, clarity on safety-related topics is an essential prerequisite for technology acceptance. Eliminating hazards during the in-design phase is more feasible and cost-efficient than adapting in a later developmental stage, when hazards have already emerged to become actual risks.

This poster was presented at the PBP World Meeting in Vienna March 18-21, 2024.