cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Vertex-minor universal graphs for generating entangled quantum subsystems
Creators: name: Cautrès, Maxime
name: Claudet, Nathan
name: Mhalla, Mehdi
name: Perdrix, Simon
name: Savin, Valentin
name: Thomassé, Stéphan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the notion of $k$-stabilizer universal quantum state, that is, an $n$-qubit quantum state, such that it is possible to induce any stabilizer state on any $k$ qubits, by using only local operations and classical communications. These states generalize the notion of $k$-pairable states introduced by Bravyi et al., and can be studied from a combinatorial perspective using graph states and $k$-vertex-minor universal graphs. First, we demonstrate the existence of $k$-stabilizer universal graph states that are optimal in size with $n=Θ(k^2)$ qubits. We also provide parameters for which a random graph state on $Θ(k^2)$ qubits is $k$-stabilizer universal with high probability. Our second contribution consists of two explicit constructions of $k$-stabilizer universal graph states on $n = O(k^4)$ qubits. Both rely upon the incidence graph of the projective plane over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_q$. This provides a major improvement over the previously known explicit construction of $k$-pairable graph states with $n = O(2^{3k})$, bringing forth a new and potentially powerful family of multipartite quantum resources.
LLaVA-Docent: Instruction Tuning with Multimodal Large Language Model to Support Art Appreciation Education
Creators: name: Lee, Unggi
name: Jeon, Minji
name: Lee, Yunseo
name: Byun, Gyuri
name: Son, Yoorim
name: Shin, Jaeyoon
name: Ko, Hongkyu
name: Kim, Hyeoncheol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the development of various AI systems to support learning in various domains, AI assistance for art appreciation education has not been extensively explored. Art appreciation, often perceived as an unfamiliar and challenging endeavor for most students, can be more accessible with a generative AI enabled conversation partner that provides tailored questions and encourages the audience to deeply appreciate artwork. This study explores the application of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in art appreciation education, with a focus on developing LLaVA-Docent, a model designed to serve as a personal tutor for art appreciation. Our approach involved design and development research, focusing on iterative enhancement to design and develop the application to produce a functional MLLM-enabled chatbot along with a data design framework for art appreciation education. To that end, we established a virtual dialogue dataset that was generated by GPT-4, which was instrumental in training our MLLM, LLaVA-Docent. The performance of LLaVA-Docent was evaluated by benchmarking it against alternative settings and revealed its distinct strengths and weaknesses. Our findings highlight the efficacy of the MMLM-based personalized art appreciation chatbot and demonstrate its applicability for a novel approach in which art appreciation is taught and experienced.
description: 37 pages, 4 figures, 10 tables
The properties of the cool circumgalactic gas probed with the SDSS, WISE and GALEX surveys
Creators: name: Lan, Ting-Wen
name: Ménard, Brice
name: Zhu, Guangtun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the distribution of cool (~$10^4$K) gas around galaxies and its dependence on galaxy properties. By cross-correlating about 50,000 MgII absorbers with millions of sources from the SDSS (optical), WISE (IR), and GALEX (UV) surveys we effectively extract about 2,000 galaxy-absorber pairs at z~0.5 and probe relations between absorption strength and galaxy type, impact parameter and azimuthal angle. We find that cool gas traced by MgII absorbers exists around both star-forming and passive galaxies with a similar incidence rate on scales greater than 100 kpc but each galaxy type exhibits a different behavior on smaller scales: MgII equivalent width does not correlate with the presence of passive galaxies whereas stronger MgII absorbers tend to be found in the vicinity of star-forming galaxies. This effect is preferentially seen along the minor axis of these galaxies, suggesting that some of the gas is associated with outflowing material. In contrast, the distribution of cool gas around passive galaxies is consistent with being isotropic on the same scales. We quantify the average excess MgII equivalent width $$ as a function of galaxy properties and find $\propto SFR^{1.2}, sSFR^{0.5}$ and $M_\ast^{0.4}$ for star-forming galaxies. This work demonstrates that the dichotomy between star-forming and passive galaxies is reflected in the CGM traced by low-ionized gas. We also measure the covering fraction of MgII absorption and find it to be about 2-10 times higher for star-forming galaxies than passive ones within 50 kpc. We estimate the amount of neutral gas in the halo of $$~10.8 galaxies to be a few x$10^9 \rm M_\odot$ for both types of galaxies. Finally, we find that correlations between absorbers and sources detected in the UV and IR lead to physical trends consistent with those measured in the optical.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 1 table, updated to match the published version
Widely-Linear Digital Self-Interference Cancellation in Direct-Conversion Full-Duplex Transceiver
Creators: name: Korpi, Dani
name: Anttila, Lauri
name: Syrjälä, Ville
name: Valkama, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article addresses the modeling and cancellation of self-interference in full-duplex direct-conversion radio transceivers, operating under practical imperfect radio frequency (RF) components. Firstly, detailed self-interference signal modeling is carried out, taking into account the most important RF imperfections, namely transmitter power amplifier nonlinear distortion as well as transmitter and receiver IQ mixer amplitude and phase imbalances. The analysis shows that after realistic antenna isolation and RF cancellation, the dominant self-interference waveform at receiver digital baseband can be modeled through a widely-linear transformation of the original transmit data, opposed to classical purely linear models. Such widely-linear self-interference waveform is physically stemming from the transmitter and receiver IQ imaging, and cannot be efficiently suppressed by classical linear digital cancellation. Motivated by this, novel widely-linear digital self-interference cancellation processing is then proposed and formulated, combined with efficient parameter estimation methods. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed widely-linear cancellation processing clearly outperforms the existing linear solutions, hence enabling the use of practical low-cost RF front-ends utilizing IQ mixing in full-duplex transceivers.
description: IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1674-1687, September 2014
Bosenovae with Quadratically-Coupled Scalars in Quantum Sensing Experiments
Creators: name: Arakawa, Jason
name: Zaheer, Muhammad H.
name: Eby, Joshua
name: Takhistov, Volodymyr
name: Safronova, Marianna S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) particles of mass $m_ϕ\lesssim 1~{\rm eV}$ can form boson stars in DM halos. Collapse of boson stars leads to explosive bosenova emission of copious relativistic ULDM particles. In this work, we analyze sensitivity of terrestrial and space-based experiments to detect such relativistic scalar ULDM particles interacting through quadratic couplings with Standard Model constituents, including electrons, photons and gluons. We highlight key differences with searches for linear ULDM couplings. Screening of ULDM with quadratic couplings near the surface of the Earth can significantly impact observations in terrestrial experiments, motivating future space-based experiments. We demonstrate excellent ULDM discovery prospects, especially for quantum sensors, which can probe quadratic couplings orders below existing constraints by detecting bosenova events in the ULDM mass range $10^{-23}\,{\rm eV} \lesssim m_ϕ\lesssim 10^{-5}\,{\rm eV}$. We also report updated constraints on quadratic couplings of ULDM in case it comprises cold DM.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, matches published version
"Chicago’s Dreamers and Doers: Higher Education and Supporting the Needs of Undocumented Students"
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Felix
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Nearly half a million undocumented students in the United States are enrolled in a university or college. This thesis investigates how Undocumented Student Liaisons created by Bill HB3438 and other advisers to undocumented students in Chicagoland colleges and universities develop their support, outreach, and advocacy of these students. The paper draws from existing literature on best practices to foster trust and create long-lasting support structures to create an equitable environment for undocumented students. The study presents findings from interviews with eight post-secondary staff members whose job descriptions explicitly include advising undocumented students. Analysis of the interviews reveals that liaisons struggle to efficiently account for the varied backgrounds of their students without proper institutional structures and a current lack of sufficient funding. Indeed, the thesis argues that the HB3438 Bill does not provide enough institutional structure and funds for liaisons to fulfill the bill’s broad spirit of supporting undocumented students. The paper concludes with recommendations for how undocumented student liaisons can foreground the needs of undocumented students.
Pitfalls and potentials in simulation studies: Questionable research practices in comparative simulation studies allow for spurious claims of superiority of any method
Creators: name: Pawel, Samuel
name: Kook, Lucas
name: Reeve, Kelly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Comparative simulation studies are workhorse tools for benchmarking statistical methods. As with other empirical studies, the success of simulation studies hinges on the quality of their design, execution and reporting. If not conducted carefully and transparently, their conclusions may be misleading. In this paper we discuss various questionable research practices which may impact the validity of simulation studies, some of which cannot be detected or prevented by the current publication process in statistics journals. To illustrate our point, we invent a novel prediction method with no expected performance gain and benchmark it in a pre-registered comparative simulation study. We show how easy it is to make the method appear superior over well-established competitor methods if questionable research practices are employed. Finally, we provide concrete suggestions for researchers, reviewers and other academic stakeholders for improving the methodological quality of comparative simulation studies, such as pre-registering simulation protocols, incentivizing neutral simulation studies and code and data sharing.
Binding of Curvature-Inducing Proteins onto Biomembranes
Creators: name: Noguchi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the theoretical analyses and simulations of the interactions between curvature-inducing proteins and biomembranes. Laterally isotropic proteins induce spherical budding, whereas anisotropic proteins, such as Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) superfamily proteins, induce tabulation. Both types of proteins can sense the membrane curvature. We describe the theoretical analyses of various transitions of protein binding accompanied by a change in various properties, such as the number of buds, the radius of membrane tubes, and the nematic order of anisotropic proteins. Moreover, we explain the membrane-mediated interactions and protein assembly. Many types of membrane shape transformations (spontaneous tubulation, formation of polyhedral vesicles, polygonal tubes, periodic bumps, and network structures, etc.) have been demonstrated by coarse-grained simulations. Furthermore, traveling waves and Turing patterns under the coupling of reaction-diffusion dynamics and membrane deformation are described.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures (Figures 4c, d are corrected in ver. 3)
Boundedness of Laplacian eigenfunctions on manifolds of infinite volume
Creators: name: Bonorino, Leonardo
name: Klaser, Patrícia
name: Telichevesky, Miriam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58J50, 58J05

description: In a Hadamard manifold $M$, it is proved that if $u$ is a $λ$-eigenfunction of the Laplacian that belongs to $L^p(M)$ for some $p \ge 2$, then $u$ is bounded and $\|u\|_{\infty} \le C \|u\|_p,$ where $C$ depends only on $p$, $λ$ and on the dimension of $M$. This result is obtained in the more general context of a complete Riemannian manifold endowed with an isoperimetric function $H$ satisfying some integrability condition. In this case, the constant $C$ depends on $p,λ$ and $H.$
description: 13 pages; change in the title; change in the abstract; improvement in the introduction; added some details in the proof of Theorem 2.2
The collider landscape: which collider for establishing the SM instability?
Creators: name: Franceschini, Roberto
name: Strumia, Alessandro
name: Wulzer, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Capabilities of future colliders are usually discussed assuming specific hypothetical new physics. We consider the opposite possibility: that no new physics is accessible, and we want to learn if the unnatural Standard Model is part of a vast landscape. We argue that a main step in this direction would be establishing the possible instability scale of the Higgs potential. This primarily needs reducing the uncertainty on the strong coupling and on the top quark mass. We show that the top quark mass can be measured well enough via a $t \bar t$ threshold scan with low $10^{33}\,{\rm cm}^{-2}{\rm sec}^{-1}$ luminosity, that seems achievable at a `small' $e^+ e^-$ collider in the LEP tunnel, or at the first low-energy stage of a muon collider.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures
Gravitational Wave Signals from Finite Size Effects in Spinning Binary Inspirals Including Parity Violating Constituents
Creators: name: Modrekiladze, Beka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the world line EFT formalism to account for parity violating finite size effects. Results are presented for potentials and radiating moments of a binary inspiral for the parity conserving sector, and agreement is found with, previous calculations. Furthermore, we generate new results in this sector, calculating the current quadrupole moment induced by finite size gravitomagnetic effects. We also present novel results for parity violating sources, which might be due to beyond standard model physics, and show that they generate GW signals with the unique signature that the current-moment appears at 0.5PN order earlier relative to the mass-moment in the PN expansion. Parity violation also induces a new type of potential, which is proportional to the $\textbf{S}\cdot \textbf{r}$. Finally, we present new results for the dissipative force for parity violating constituents, which leads to the curious signature of a force normal to the orbit.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures
Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum myosin B ATPase activity and structure in complex with the calmodulin-like domain of its light chain MLC-B
Creators: name: Pires, Isa
name: Hung, Yu-Fu
name: Bergmann, Ulrich
name: Molloy, Justin E
name: Kursula, Inari
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: Imaging
Structural Biology & Biophysics
Cell Biology

description: No description supplied
SOME REMARKS ON THE HISTORIOLOGY OF THE REIGN OF AMIR TIMUR
Creators: name: G'o'chchiyev, Zayniddin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The article examines sources on the history of Amir Temur and the Timurid era. Reviews of the great commander will be discussed in the sources provided. The names of primary and secondary sources are given.
Connection between the N00N State and a superposition of SU(2) Coherent States
Creators: name: Sanders, Barry C.
name: Gerry, Christopher C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The N00N state, which was introduced as a resource for quantum-enhanced metrology, is in fact a special case of a superposition of two SU(2) coherent states. We show here explicitly the derivation of the N00N state from the superposition state. This derivation makes clear the connection between these seemingly disparate states as well as shows how the N00N state can be generalized to a superposition of SU(2) coherent states.
description: Update previous version according to Physical Review A edits
Convergence of the Square Root Ensemble Kalman Filter in the Large Ensemble Limit
Creators: name: Kwiatkowski, Evan
name: Mandel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F25, 65C05, 65C35

description: Ensemble filters implement sequential Bayesian estimation by representing the probability distribution by an ensemble mean and covariance. Unbiased square root ensemble filters use deterministic algorithms to produce an analysis (posterior) ensemble with prescribed mean and covariance, consistent with the Kalman update. This includes several filters used in practice, such as the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF), the Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter (EAKF), and a filter by Whitaker and Hamill. We show that at every time index, as the number of ensemble members increases to infinity, the mean and covariance of an unbiased ensemble square root filter converge to those of the Kalman filter, in the case a linear model and an initial distribution of which all moments exist. The convergence is in $L^{p}$ and the convergence rate does not depend on the model dimension. The result holds in the infinitely dimensional Hilbert space as well.
description: 14 pages, final draft
A self-stabilized coherent phonon source driven by optical forces
Creators: name: Navarro-Urrios, Daniel
name: Capuj, Nestor E.
name: Gomis-Bresco, Jordi
name: Alzina, Francesc
name: Pitanti, Alessandro
name: Griol, Amadeu
name: Martinez, Alejandro
name: Torres, Clivia M. Sotomayor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical forces can set tiny objects into states of coherent mechanical oscillation, also known as mechanical or phonon lasing. We present a novel pumping mechanism in an opto-mechanical photonic crystal that realizes mechanical lasing with relaxed requirements for the optical-mechanical modes and their inter-coupling. It derives from a spontaneously triggered thermal/free carrier self-pulsing and the anharmonic modulation of the radiation pressure force that comes as a consequence. Moreover, the feedback of the mechanics on the self-pulsing frequency-entrains both oscillators, creating a self-stabilized indecomposable system. A manifold of frequency-entrained regions with two different mechanical modes (at 54 and 122 MHz) are observed as a result of the wide tuneability of the natural frequency of the self-pulsing. The system operates at ambient conditions of pressure and temperature in a silicon compatible platform, which enables its exploitation in sensing, intra-chip metrology or time-keeping applications.
description: 23 pages including supplementary material
Extended symmetry analysis of (1+2)-dimensional fine Kolmogorov backward equation
Creators: name: Koval, Serhii D.
name: Popovych, Roman O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B06, 35K57, 35C05, 35A30

description: Within the class of (1+2)-dimensional ultraparabolic linear equations, we distinguish a fine Kolmogorov backward equation with a quadratic diffusivity. Modulo the point equivalence, it is a unique equation within the class whose essential Lie invariance algebra is five-dimensional and nonsolvable. Using the direct method, we compute the point symmetry pseudogroup of this equation and analyze its structure. In particular, we single out its essential subgroup and classify its discrete elements. We exhaustively classify all subalgebras of the corresponding essential Lie invariance algebra up to inner automorphisms and up to the action of the essential point-symmetry group. This allowed us to classify Lie reductions and Lie invariant solutions of the equation under consideration. We also discuss the generation of its solutions using point and linear generalized symmetries and carry out its peculiar generalized reductions. As a result, we construct wide families of its solutions parameterized by an arbitrary finite number of arbitrary solutions of the (1+1)-dimensional linear heat equation or one or two arbitrary solutions of (1+1)-dimensional linear heat equations with inverse square potentials.
description: 26 pages, 1 table, corrected version
$C^{2,α}$ estimates for nonlinear elliptic equations in complex and almost complex geometry
Creators: name: Tosatti, Valentino
name: Wang, Yu
name: Weinkove, Ben
name: Yang, Xiaokui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32W20, 58J05, 32Q15, 53C55, 32Q60

description: We describe how to use the perturbation theory of Caffarelli to prove Evans-Krylov type $C^{2,α}$ estimates for solutions of nonlinear elliptic equations in complex geometry, assuming a bound on the Laplacian of the solution. Our results can be used to replace the various Evans-Krylov type arguments in the complex geometry literature with a sharper and more unified approach. In addition, our methods extend to almost-complex manifolds, and we use this to obtain a new local estimate for an equation of Donaldson.
description: 26 pages, v2 final version, to appear in Calc. Var. PDE
Role of anharmonic phonon scattering in the spectrally decomposed thermal conductance at planar interfaces
Creators: name: Sääskilahti, K.
name: Oksanen, J.
name: Tulkki, J.
name: Volz, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed understanding of vibrational heat transfer mechanisms between solids is essential for the efficient thermal engineering and control of nanomaterials. We investigate the frequency dependence of anharmonic scattering and interfacial thermal conduction between two acoustically mismatched solids in planar contact by calculating the spectral decomposition of the heat current flowing through an interface between two materials. The calculations are based on analyzing the correlations of atomic vibrations using the data extracted from non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. Inelastic effects arising from anharmonic interactions are shown to significantly facilitate heat transfer between two mass-mismatched face-centered cubic lattices even at frequencies exceeding the cut-off frequency of the heavier material due to (i) enhanced dissipation of evanescent vibrational modes and (ii) frequency-doubling and frequency-halving three-phonon energy transfer processes at the interface. The results provide substantial insight into interfacial energy transfer mechanisms especially at high temperatures, where inelastic effects become important and other computational methods are ineffective.
description: minor changes to v1
Event activity dependence of Y(nS) production in sqrt(s[NN]) = 5.02 TeV pPb and sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV pp collisions
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) is investigated in pPb and pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV and 2.76 TeV, respectively. The datasets correspond to integrated luminosities of about 31 inverse nanobarns (pPb) and 5.4 inverse picobarns (pp), collected in 2013 by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Upsilons that decay into muons are reconstructed within the rapidity interval abs(y[CM]) < 1.93 in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass frame. Their production is studied as a function of two measures of event activity, namely the charged-particle multiplicity measured in the pseudorapidity interval abs(eta) < 2.4, and the sum of transverse energy deposited at forward pseudorapidity, 4.0 < abs(eta) < 5.2. The Y cross sections normalized by their event activity integrated values, Y(nS)/, are found to rise with both measures of the event activity in pp and pPb. In both collision systems, the ratios of the excited to the ground state cross sections, Y(nS)/Y(1S), are found to decrease with the charged-particle multiplicity, while as a function of the transverse energy the variation is less pronounced. The event activity integrated double ratios, [Y(nS)/Y(1S)][pPb] / [Y(nS)/Y(1S)][pp], are also measured and found to be 0.83 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.05 (syst.) and 0.71 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.09 (syst.) for Y(2S) and Y(3S), respectively.
description: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI
Universal quantum computation based on nanoscale skyrmion helicity qubits in frustrated magnets
Creators: name: Xia, Jing
name: Zhang, Xichao
name: Liu, Xiaoxi
name: Zhou, Yan
name: Ezawa, Motohiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Skyrmions in frustrated magnets have the helicity degree of freedom, where two different configurations of Bloch-type skyrmions are energetically favored by the magnetic dipole-dipole interaction and characterized by opposite helicities. A skyrmion must become a quantum-mechanical object when its radius is of the order of nanometer. We construct a qubit based on the two-fold degeneracy of the Bloch-type nanoscale skyrmions in frustrated magnets. It is shown that the universal quantum computation is possible based on nanoscale skyrmions in a multilayered system. We explicitly show how to construct the $π/4$ phase-shift gate, the Hadamard gate, and the CNOT gate. The one-qubit quantum gates are materialized by temporally controlling the electric field and the spin current. The two-qubit gate is materialized with the use of the Ising-type exchange coupling by controlling the distance between the skyrmion centers in two adjacent layers. The merit of the present mechanism is that an external magnetic field is not necessary. Our results may open a possible way toward universal quantum computations based on nanoscale topological spin textures.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
A simple catch: thermal fluctuations enable hydrodynamic trapping of microrollers by obstacles
Creators: name: van der Wee, Ernest B.
name: Blackwell, Brendan C.
name: Usabiaga, Florencio Balboa
name: Sokolov, Andrey V.
name: Katz, Isaiah T.
name: Delmotte, Blaise
name: Driscoll, Michelle M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that obstacles can hydrodynamically trap bacteria and synthetic microswimmers in orbits, where the trapping time heavily depends on the swimmer flow field and noise is needed to escape the trap. Here, we use experiments and simulations to investigate the trapping of microrollers by obstacles. Microrollers are rotating particles close to a bottom surface, which have a prescribed propulsion direction imposed by an external rotating magnetic field. The flow field that drives their motion is quite different from previously studied swimmers. We found that the trapping time can be controlled by modifying the obstacle size or the colloid-obstacle repulsive potential. We detail the mechanisms of the trapping and find two remarkable features: The microroller is confined in the wake of the obstacle, and it can only enter the trap with Brownian motion. While noise is usually needed to escape traps in dynamical systems, here, we show that it is the only means to reach the hydrodynamic attractor.
description: Supplementary Files can be found at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19772950
The COS-Halos Survey: Physical Conditions and Baryonic Mass in the Low-Redshift Circumgalactic Medium
Creators: name: Werk, Jessica K.
name: Prochaska, J. Xavier
name: Tumlinson, Jason
name: Peeples, Molly S.
name: Tripp, Todd M.
name: Fox, Andrew J.
name: Lehner, Nicolas
name: Thom, Christopher
name: O'Meara, John M.
name: Ford, Amanda Brady
name: Bordoloi, Rongmon
name: Katz, Neal
name: Tejos, Nicolas
name: Oppenheimer, Benjamin D.
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Weinberg, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the physical conditions of the cool, photoionized (T $\sim 10^4$ K) circumgalactic medium (CGM) using the COS-Halos suite of gas column density measurements for 44 gaseous halos within 160 kpc of $L \sim L^*$ galaxies at $z \sim 0.2$. These data are well described by simple photoionization models, with the gas highly ionized (n$_{\rm HII}$/n$_{\rm H} \gtrsim 99\%$) by the extragalactic ultraviolet background (EUVB). Scaling by estimates for the virial radius, R$_{\rm vir}$, we show that the ionization state (tracked by the dimensionless ionization parameter, U) increases with distance from the host galaxy. The ionization parameters imply a decreasing volume density profile n$_{\rm H}$ = (10$^{-4.2 \pm 0.25}$)(R/R$_{\rm vir})^{-0.8\pm0.3}$. Our derived gas volume densities are several orders of magnitude lower than predictions from standard two-phase models with a cool medium in pressure equilibrium with a hot, coronal medium expected in virialized halos at this mass scale. Applying the ionization corrections to the HI column densities, we estimate a lower limit to the cool gas mass M$_{\rm CGM}^{\rm cool} > 6.5 \times 10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$ for the volume within R $
description: 19 pages, 12 Figures, and a 37-page Appendix with 36 additional figures. Accepted to ApJ June 21 2014
Decoherence-Suppressed Non-adiabatic Holonomic Quantum Computation
Creators: name: Liu, Bao-Jie
name: Yan, Lei-Lei
name: Zhang, Yuan
name: Yung, Man-Hong
name: Liang, Erjun
name: Su, Shi-Lei
name: Shan, Chong-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation~(NHQC) provides an essential way to construct robust and high-fidelity quantum gates due to its geometric features. However, NHQC is more sensitive to the decay and dephasing errors than conventional dynamical gate since it requires an ancillary intermediate state. Here, we utilize the Hamiltonian reverse engineering technique to study the influence of the intermediate state-decoherence on the NHQC gate fidelity, and propose the novel schemes to construct the arbitrary single-qubit holonomic gate and nontrivial two-qubit holonomic gate with high fidelity and robustness to the decoherence. Although the proposed method is generic and can be applied to many experimental platforms, such as superconducting qubits, trapped ions, quantum dots, here we take nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center as an example to show that the gate fidelity can be significantly enhanced from 89\% to 99.6\% in contrast to the recent experimental NHQC schemes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 140503 (2017); Nat. Photonics 11, 309 (2017); Opt. Lett. 43, 2380 (2018)], and the robustness against the decoherence can also be significantly improved. All in all, our scheme provides a promising way for fault-tolerant geometric quantum computation.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Constructing New Braided $T$-categories over Monoidal Hom-Hopf Algebras
Creators: name: You, Miman
name: Wang, Shuanhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $ Aut_{mHH}(H)$ denote a set of all automorphisms of a monoidal Hopf algebra $H$ with bijective antipode in the sense of Caenepeel S. and Goyvaerts I. (Commun. Algebra 39, 2216-2240, 2011) and let $G$ be a crossed product group $ Aut_{mHH}(H)\times Aut_{mHH}(H)$. The main aim of this paper is to provide further examples of braided $T$-category in the sense of Turaev (1994, 2008). For this purpose, we first introduce a class of new categories $_{H}\mathcal {MHYD}^{H}(A, B)$ of monoidal Hom $(A, B)$-Yetter-Drinfeld modules with $A, B \in Aut_{mHH}(H)$. Then we show that the category ${\cal MHYD}(H)=\{{}_{H}\mathcal {MHYD}^{H}(A, B)\}_{(A, B)\in G}$ forms a braided $T$-category, generalizing the main constructions construction by Panaite and Staic (Isr J Math 158:349-365, 2007).
Best of Three Worlds: Adaptive Experimentation for Digital Marketing in Practice
Creators: name: Fiez, Tanner
name: Nassif, Houssam
name: Chen, Yu-Cheng
name: Gamez, Sergio
name: Jain, Lalit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Adaptive experimental design (AED) methods are increasingly being used in industry as a tool to boost testing throughput or reduce experimentation cost relative to traditional A/B/N testing methods. However, the behavior and guarantees of such methods are not well-understood beyond idealized stationary settings. This paper shares lessons learned regarding the challenges of naively using AED systems in industrial settings where non-stationarity is prevalent, while also providing perspectives on the proper objectives and system specifications in such settings. We developed an AED framework for counterfactual inference based on these experiences, and tested it in a commercial environment.
UZBEKISTAN'S MEMBERSHIP IN THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: PROBLEMS AND OPPORTUNITIES
Creators: name: Hojimurodova, Shaxnoza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this article about the role of organization the World Trade Organization is, the legal procedure for membership in the organization, the system of legal norms in the management of international trade by the organization, the advantages and disadvantages of the organization for countries, as well as the legal study of Uzbekistan's membership in this organization.
Comment on the "Significance of Electromagnetic Potentials in the Quantum Theory"
Creators: name: Das, Siddhant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A missing angle-dependent prefactor in the wave functions for half-integer magnetic flux obtained in [Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, Phys. Rev. 115, 485 (1959)] is supplied, without which the result is not single-valued. No physical conclusions of the paper are affected.
description: 2 pages, no figures
Time-dependent microstrata in AdS3
Creators: name: Houppe, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use perturbation theory to construct a family of time-dependent microstrata: a set of non-extremal solutions of IIB supergravity asymptotic to $AdS_3 \times S^3 \times T^4$. Our construction shows that the "special locus" constraints of arXiv:2307.13021 can be broken by allowing the solutions to depend on time. We study the secular terms appearing in the perturbation theory. Some of them can be resummed into frequency shifts, with the same interpretation as for the previously-studied microstrata solutions. Other secular terms appear harder to resum, questioning the long-term stability of the solutions.
description: 22 pages; revisions after publication
UMUMTA'LIM MAKTABLARIDA TA'LIMDAGI MUAMMOLAR,TA'LIM SIFATINI NAZORAT QILISH VA BAHOLASHNING ZAMONAVIY TEXNOLOGIYALARI: XALQARO TAJRIBALARNI AMALDA QO'LLASH
Creators: name: QODIROVA, NIGORA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada dastlabki maktablar qachon va qayerda paydo bo'lgan va qay ko'rinishda ekanligi, darslar tizimi, hozirgi zamon maktablari, maktablarimizda yuz berayotgan muammolar,malakali kadrlarning kamligi, o'quvchilar va o'qituvchilar o'rtasidagi kelishmovchiliklar, yetarlicha maktab  darsliklari yetishmasligi, maktablardagi baholanish sistemasi, o'quv rejalari dasturlarining eskiligi, jamiyatdgi o'qituvchiga bo'lgan munosabat, xonalarning talabga javob bermasligi, ta'lim sifatini oshirishga qaratilgan chora tadbirlar, ishlab chiqilgan qaror hamda qonunlar, yuqorida sanab o'tilgan muammolarga batafsil javob hamda adikvat yechimlar
Sivers Effect in Two-Hadron Electroproduction
Creators: name: Kotzinian, Aram
name: Matevosyan, Hrayr H.
name: Thomas, Anthony W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sivers effect in single hadron semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (DIS) on a transversely polarized nucleon describes the modulation of the cross section with the sine of the azimuthal angle between the produced hadron's transverse momentum and the nucleon spin ($\boldsymbol{P}_h$ and $φ_S$ respectively). This effect is attributed to the so-called Sivers parton distribution function of the nucleon. We employ a simple phenomenological parton model to derive the relevant cross section for two-hadron production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering including the Sivers effect. We show that the Sivers effect can be observed in such process as sine modulations involving the azimuthal angles $φ_T$ and $φ_R$ of both the total and the relative transverse momenta of the hadron pair. The existence of the modulation with respect to $φ_R$ is new. Finally, we employ a modified version of the $\tt{LEPTO}$ Monte Carlo event generator that includes the Sivers effect to estimate the size of single spin asymmetries corresponding to these modulations. We show that $\sin(φ_R-φ_S)$ modulations can be significant, especially if we impose asymmetric cuts on the momenta of the hadrons in the pairs.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. In v2 small changes are made to comply with the version published in PRL. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1405.5059
Inflation from a chaotic potential with a step
Creators: name: Rojas, Clara
name: Hernández-Jiménez, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the effects on the relevant observational parameters of an inflationary universe from a chaotic potential with a step. We numerically evolve the perturbation equations within both cold inflation and warm inflation. On the one hand, in a cold inflation scenario we analyse the scalar power spectrum $P_{\mathcal{R}}$ in terms of the number of e-folds $N_{e}$, and in terms of the ratio $k/k_{0}$, where $k_{0}$ is our pivot scale. We show how $P_{\mathcal{R}}$ oscillates around $0.2< k/k_{0} < 20$. Additionally, we present the evolution of two relevant parameters: the scalar spectral index $n_\mathrm{s}$ and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. In fact, more than one region of $(n_\mathrm{s},r)$ lies within the observable window (Planck 2018). On the other hand, in the warm inflationary case, we also examine the evolution of $P_{\mathcal{R}}$ in terms of $N_{e}$ and $k/k_{0}$. Perturbations are amplified in WI; in fact, $P_{\mathcal{R}}$ can be much larger than the CMB value $P_{\mathcal{R}}> 2.22\times 10^{-9}$. This time, the spectral index $n_\mathrm{s}$ is clearly blue-tilted, at smaller scales, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ becomes too low. However, $n_\mathrm{s}$ can change from blue-tilted towards red-tilted, since $P_{\mathcal{R}}$ starts oscillating around $k/k_{0}\sim 40$. Indeed, the result from the step potential skims the Planck contours. Finally, one key aspect of this research was to contrast the features of an inflationary potential between both paradigms, and, in fact, they show similarities and differences. Due to a featured background and a combined effect of entropy fluctuations (only in warm inflation), in both scenarios certain fluctuation scales are not longer ``freeze in'' on super-horizon scales.
description: 21 pages, 16 figures
Wild Patterns Reloaded: A Survey of Machine Learning Security against Training Data Poisoning
Creators: name: Cinà, Antonio Emanuele
name: Grosse, Kathrin
name: Demontis, Ambra
name: Vascon, Sebastiano
name: Zellinger, Werner
name: Moser, Bernhard A.
name: Oprea, Alina
name: Biggio, Battista
name: Pelillo, Marcello
name: Roli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The success of machine learning is fueled by the increasing availability of computing power and large training datasets. The training data is used to learn new models or update existing ones, assuming that it is sufficiently representative of the data that will be encountered at test time. This assumption is challenged by the threat of poisoning, an attack that manipulates the training data to compromise the model's performance at test time. Although poisoning has been acknowledged as a relevant threat in industry applications, and a variety of different attacks and defenses have been proposed so far, a complete systematization and critical review of the field is still missing. In this survey, we provide a comprehensive systematization of poisoning attacks and defenses in machine learning, reviewing more than 100 papers published in the field in the last 15 years. We start by categorizing the current threat models and attacks, and then organize existing defenses accordingly. While we focus mostly on computer-vision applications, we argue that our systematization also encompasses state-of-the-art attacks and defenses for other data modalities. Finally, we discuss existing resources for research in poisoning, and shed light on the current limitations and open research questions in this research field.
description: 35 pages, Accepted at ACM Computing Surveys
Development of E.coli Host Cell Proteins generic ELISA and A Comparison with generic E.coli HCP ELISA available commercially.
Creators: name: Kalpesh Jain
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009

description: New generation pharmaceuticals manufactured by the biotechnology route can be contaminated by residual host cell proteins during the cell culturing or fermentation stage. These proteins may cause an immune reaction in patients leading to manufacturers being advised to comply with these as per ICH and FDA guidelines. In the present study, we developed a generic version of an immunoassay to detect host cell proteins generated in E.coli. The antibodies used to manufacture the immunoassay were determined in view of the cell line frequently used for manufacturing. We also compared the sensitivity and specificity with alternate immunoassay kit available commercially.
Theory of dynamical phase transitions in quantum systems with symmetry-breaking eigenstates
Creators: name: Corps, Ángel L.
name: Relaño, Armando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory for the two kinds of dynamical quantum phase transitions, termed DPT-I and DPT-II, based on a minimal set of symmetry assumptions. In the special case of collective systems with infinite-range interactions, both are triggered by excited-state quantum phase transitions. For quenches below the critical energy, the existence of an additional conserved charge, identifying the corresponding phase, allows for a nonzero value of the dynamical order parameter characterizing DPTs-I, and precludes the main mechanism giving rise to nonanalyticities in the return probability, trademark of DPTs-II. We propose a statistical ensemble describing the long-time averages of order parameters in DPTs-I, and provide a theoretical proof for the incompatibility of the main mechanism for DPTs-II with the presence of this additional conserved charge. Our results are numerically illustrated in the fully-connected transverse-field Ising model, which exhibits both kinds of dynamical phase transitions. Finally, we discuss the applicability of our theory to systems with finite-range interactions, where the phenomenology of excited-state quantum phase transitions is absent. We illustrate our findings by means of numerical calculations with experimentally relevant initial states.
description: 4+ pages, 4 figures. To appear in Physical Review Letters
Relation between Confinement and Chiral Symmetry Breaking in Temporally Odd-number Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Doi, Takahiro M.
name: Suganuma, Hideo
name: Iritani, Takumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the lattice QCD formalism, we investigate the relation between confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. A gauge-invariant analytical relation connecting the Polyakov loop and the Dirac modes is derived on a temporally odd-number lattice, where the temporal lattice size is odd, with the normal (nontwisted) periodic boundary condition for link-variables. This analytical relation indicates that low-lying Dirac modes have little contribution to the Polyakov loop, and it is numerically confirmed at the quenched level in both confinement and deconfinement phases. This fact indicates no direct one-to-one correspondence between confinement and chiral symmetry breaking in QCD. Using the relation, we also investigate the contribution from each Dirac mode to the Polyakov loop. In the confinement phase, we find a new "positive/negative symmetry" of the Dirac-mode matrix element of the link-variable operator, and this symmetry leads to the zero value of the Polyakov loop. In the deconfinement phase, there is no such symmetry and the Polyakov loop is nonzero. Also, we develop a new method for spin-diagonalizing the Dirac operator on the temporally odd-number lattice modifying the Kogut-Susskind formalism.
description: 15pages, 9 figures