cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Comparative Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Two Quail Genera Coturnix japonica and Callipepla californica
Creators: name: Moody, Sean
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2021

description: Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Domesticated turkeys are exquisitely sensitive, due to a combination of highly-efficient hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated bioactivation, and to dysfunctional alpha-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTAs) which typically detoxify the bioactivated electrophilic metabolite exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Wild turkeys are relatively resistant to AFB1 in large part due to expression of functional GSTAs. Quail, a related Galliforme, are slightly less sensitive in vivo to AFB1, but whether this is related to the hepatic metabolic profiles of these two critical enzymes has not been rigorously evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare hepatic CYP-mediated bioactivation and GST-mediated detoxification activities toward AFB1 in Callipepla californica (HQ) and Coturnix japonica (JQ) against those from domesticated Broad-breasted White (BB) or Eastern Wild (EW) turkeys. Although Callipepla californica is commonly known as the California quail, the flock investigated in this study originated in Hawaii, hence use of the identifier “HQ” (noted above) that will be used throughout this report. Hepatic expression of CYP1A5 was significantly greater in both quail species, whereas there was no difference in CYP3A37 expression between species. Likewise, livers from both quail species expressed significantly greater GSTA3 than that from both turkey types, whereas turkeys expressed greater hepatic GSTA4 than those from both quail species. Kinetic analysis confirmed that liver microsomes from turkeys bioactivated AFB1 more efficiently (high Vmax, Kcat; low Km) than those from quail, whereas hepatic cytosols from quail were significantly more efficient in detoxifying AFBO than those from turkeys. Conversely, turkey hepatic cytosols were more efficient than quail at detoxifying GST indicator substrates 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), ethacrynic acid (ECA), and cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), but not 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), indicating greater presence of GST isoforms not relevant to AFB1 detoxification. In total, our data shows that the relative resistance of quail compared to turkeys is reflected in the relatively lower in vitro bioactivation and higher detoxification activities.
Cosmological Shocks in Adaptive Mesh Refinement Simulations and the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Skillman, Samuel W.
name: O'Shea, Brian W.
name: Hallman, Eric J.
name: Burns, Jack O.
name: Norman, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new results characterizing cosmological shocks within adaptive mesh refinement N-Body/hydrodynamic simulations that are used to predict non-thermal components of large-scale structure. This represents the first study of shocks using adaptive mesh refinement. We propose a modified algorithm for finding shocks from those used on unigrid simulations that reduces the shock frequency of low Mach number shocks by a factor of ~3. We then apply our new technique to a large, (512 Mpc/h)^3, cosmological volume and study the shock Mach number (M) distribution as a function of pre-shock temperature, density, and redshift. Because of the large volume of the simulation, we have superb statistics that results from having thousands of galaxy clusters. We find that the Mach number evolution can be interpreted as a method to visualize large-scale structure formation. Shocks with Mach<5 typically trace mergers and complex flows, while 520 generally follow accretion onto filaments and galaxy clusters, respectively. By applying results from nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration models using the first-order Fermi process, we calculate the amount of kinetic energy that is converted into cosmic ray protons. The acceleration of cosmic ray protons is large enough that in order to use galaxy clusters as cosmological probes, the dynamic response of the gas to the cosmic rays must be included in future numerical simulations.
description: 15 pages, 14 figures, Accepted to ApJ, minor changes made
Black hole pulsars and monster shocks as outcomes of black hole--neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Kim, Yoonsoo
name: Most, Elias R.
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
name: Ripperda, Bart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The merger of a black hole (BH) and a neutron star (NS) in most cases is expected to leave no material around the remnant BH; therefore, such events are often considered as sources of gravitational waves without electromagnetic counterparts. However, a bright counterpart can emerge if the NS is strongly magnetized, as its external magnetosphere can experience radiative shocks and magnetic reconnection during/after the merger. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations in the dynamical spacetime of a merging BH--NS binary to investigate its magnetospheric dynamics. We find that compressive waves excited in the magnetosphere develop into monster shocks as they propagate outward. After swallowing the NS, the BH acquires a magnetosphere that quickly evolves into a split monopole configuration and then undergoes an exponential decay (balding), enabled by magnetic reconnection and also assisted by the ring-down of the remnant BH. This spinning BH drags the split monopole into rotation, forming a transient pulsar-like state. It emits a striped wind if the swallowed magnetic dipole moment is inclined to the spin axis. We predict two types of transients from this scenario: (1) a fast radio burst emitted by the shocks as they expand to large radii and (2) an X/$γ$-ray burst emitted by the $e^\pm$ outflow heated by magnetic dissipation.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures
Classification of Bipartite and Tripartite Qutrit Entanglement under SLOCC
Creators: name: Yang, Xin-Gang
name: Wang, Zhi-Xi
name: Wang, Xiao-Hong
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify biqutrit and triqutrit pure states under stochastic local operations and classical communication. By investigating the right singular vector spaces of the coefficient matrices of the states, we obtain explicitly two equivalent classes of biqutrit states and twelve equivalent classes of triqutrit states respectively.
description: 10 pages
The Jones polynomial and boundary slopes of alternating knots
Creators: name: Curtis, Cynthia L.
name: Taylor, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M27

description: We show for an alternating knot the minimal boundary slope of an essential spanning surface is given by the signature plus twice the minimum degree of the Jones polynomial and the maximal boundary slope of an essential spanning surface is given by the signature plus twice the maximum degree of the Jones polynomial. For alternating Montesinos knots, these are the minimal and maximal boundary slopes.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
title: The Use of Soil-Cement as a Highway Material
Creators: name: Jarernswan, Vongchai
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: Soil-Cement is not a new material; its low cost but high quality make it well-known and the use of this material for highway, dam, and airfield purposes increases every year. The origin of the idea of mixing soil and cement to produce a structural material has not been definitely established; informal records show that mixing soil and cement was tried in Iowa, Ohio, Texas and probably in other places by 1920 (1). Since the first controlled soil-cement construction was carried out near Johnsonville, South Carolina in 1935 (2), soil-cement has been considered a valuable engineering material. It is now an accepted practice to denote the result of adding cement to soil as a soil-cement mixture (3), or in other words, soil-cement is the stabilization of soil with Portland cement, and water. As the cement hydrates, the mixture becomes a hard, durable paving material (4).
Saturn in hot water: viscous evolution of the Enceladus torus
Creators: name: Farmer, Alison J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of outgassing water vapor from Enceladus is one of the great breakthroughs of the Cassini mission. The fate of this water once ionized has been widely studied; here we investigate the effects of purely neutral-neutral interactions within the Enceladus torus. We find that, thanks in part to the polar nature of the water molecule, a cold (~180 K) neutral torus would undergo rapid viscous heating and spread to the extent of the observed hydroxyl cloud, before plasma effects become important. We investigate the physics behind the spreading of the torus, paying particular attention to the competition between heating and rotational line cooling. A steady-state torus model is constructed, and it is demonstrated that the torus will be observable in the millimeter band with the upcoming Herschel satellite. The relative strength of rotational lines could be used to distinguish between physical models for the neutral cloud.
description: submitted to Icarus updated: references fixed
On the Behaviour of Under-tuned Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control Loops
Creators: name: Papageorgiou, Dimitrios
name: Edwards, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper investigates the stability properties and performance of super-twisting sliding-mode control loops subject to periodic perturbations. Although there exist conditions on the control gains that guarantee finite-time stability of the closed-loop system, such conditions are often too restrictive from a practical standpoint, especially in relation to actuator limitations and induced chatter. Using regularisation and averaging theory, it is proven that under milder conditions for the control gains, the trajectories of the periodically perturbed closed-loop system converge to a stable limit cycle of the same period containing the origin. Additionally, guidelines for selecting the controller gains are provided based on bounds of the closed-loop system states. Finally, the theoretical findings are validated through simulations.
description: Preprint - Submitted to Automatica
$L^2$ estimates for the eigenfunctions corresponding to real eigenvalues of the Tricomi operator
Creators: name: Favaron, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B45, 35M10, 35P05

description: We introduce a family ${\cal F}$ of normal Tricomi domains $\Om_{\a,\b}$, $\a>0>\b$, and we show that its elements are $D$-star-shaped with respect to the vector field $D=-3x\partial_x-2y\partial_y$ if and only if $\a\ge1/2$. Provided that the underlying domain $\Om$ belongs to ${\cal F}$ for some $\a\ge1/2$, we then establish $L^2$ estimates for the eigenfunctions corresponding to real eigenvalues of the Tricomi operator. In particular, our result highlights a dependency of these estimates on the values of $\a$ and $\b$ and the parabolic diameter of $\Om$.
description: 4 figures
Additional file 3 of Hypertension, antihypertensive drugs, and age at onset of Huntington’s disease
Creators: name: Zhu, Yahui
name: Li, Mao
name: Bai, Jiongming
name: Wang, Haoran
name: Huang, Xusheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 3
Nonclassical heat flow in passive chiral solids is third rank, not odd
Creators: name: Lakes, Roderic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chiral, directionally isotropic gyroid lattices are observed to exhibit nonclassical thermal effects incompatible with an asymmetric ("odd") second rank conductivity tensor but consistent with a third rank tensor property that provides a curl term. The lattices are passive materials so no driving torques are needed to obtain transverse flow. A method for determination of the length scale associated with chirality is provided. The polymer gyroid lattice made by 3D printing is a metamaterial which allows chirality that is tunable by geometry.
Inside-out or Outside-in: The topology of reionization in the photon-starved regime suggested by Lyman-alpha forest data
Creators: name: Choudhury, T. Roy
name: Haehnelt, M. G.
name: Regan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a set of semi-numerical simulations based on Zel'dovich approximation, friends-of-friends algorithm and excursion set formalism to generate reionization maps of high dynamic range with a range of assumptions regarding the distribution and luminosity of ionizing sources and the spatial distribution of sinks for the ionizing radiation. We find that ignoring the inhomogeneous spatial distribution of regions of high gas density where recombinations are important -- as is often done in studies of this kind -- can lead to misleading conclusions regarding the topology of reionization, especially if reionization occurs in the photon-starved regime suggested by Lya forest data. The inhomogeneous spatial distribution of recombinations significantly reduces the mean free path of ionizing photons and the typical size of coherently ionized regions. Reionization proceeds then much more as an outside-in process. Low-density regions far from ionizing sources become ionized before regions of high gas density not hosting sources of ionizing radiation. The spatial distribution of sinks of ionization radiation also significantly affects shape and amplitude the power spectrum of fluctuations of 21cm emission. The slope of the 21cm power spectrum as measured by upcoming 21cm experiments should be able to distinguish to what extent the topology of reionization proceeds outside-in or inside-out while the evolution of the amplitude of the power spectrum with increasing ionized mass fraction should be sensitive to the spatial distribution and the luminosity of ionizing sources.
description: Accepted in MNRAS. Revised for clarification, matches the accepted version
title: A Follow-Up Study of the Business Students Who Graduated from Intermountain School From 1966-68
Creators: name: Child, Clark B.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1969

description: Brigham City, Utah, is the location of the largest boarding school sponsored by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs. This institution, Intermountain School, is for the disadvantaged Navajo student who has resided on the Navajo reservation, which is located in the states of Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico.
Intermountain School is divided into different departments, such as guidance, elementary, high school, and vocational. Within the Vocational Department are several training programs. One of these programs is the Business Department. Students who select business as their vocational training program enroll during their junior year for three hours each day and during their senior year for the same number of hours per day. During the junior year, the business students take two semesters of typewriting, two semesters of general business, nine-weeks of office machines, nine weeks of filing, and one semester of selling. Senior year students take two semesters of accounting, one semester of retailing, two semesters of typewriting, and one semester of data processing and office practice.
Mass conservative BDF-discontinuous Galerkin/explicit finite volume schemes for coupling subsurface and overland flows
Creators: name: Sochala, Pierre
name: Ern, Alexandre
name: Piperno, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Robust and accurate schemes are designed to simulate the coupling between subsurface and overland flows. The coupling conditions at the interface enforce the continuity of both the normal flux and the pressure. Richards' equation governing the subsurface flow is discretized using a Backward Differentiation Formula and a symmetric interior penalty Discontinuous Galerkin method. The kinematic wave equation governing the overland flow is discretized using a Godunov scheme. Both schemes individually are mass conservative and can be used within single-step or multi-step coupling algorithms that ensure overall mass conservation owing to a specific design of the interface fluxes in the multi-step case. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the performances of the proposed algorithms.
description: PACS 92.40.Kf, 92.40.Qk, 47.56.+r
Optical variability of a newly discovered blazar sample from the BZCAT Catalog
Creators: name: Kalita, Nibedita
name: Gupta, Alok C.
name: Gu, Minfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In an optical monitoring program to characterize the variability properties of blazar, we observed 10 sources from the Roma-BZCAT catalogue for 26 nights in V and R bands during October 2014 to June 2015 with two telescopes located in India. The sample includes mainly newly discovered BL Lacs where the redshift of some sources are not known yet. We present the results of flux and color variations of the sample on intraday and short time scales obtained by using the power-enhanced F-test and the nested-ANOVA tests, along with their spectral behavior. We find significant intraday variability in the single FSRQ in our sample, having an amplitude of variation ~12%. Although a few of BL Lacs showed probable variation in some nights, none of them passes the variability tests at 99.9% significance level. We find that 78% of the sample showed significant negative colour--magnitude correlations i.e., a redder-when-brighter spectral evolution. Those which do not show strong or clear chromatism, predominantly exhibit a redder-when-brighter trends. Unlike on hourly timescales, the high synchrotron peaked (HSP) blazars in the sample (BZGJ0656+4237, BZGJ0152+0147 and BZBJ1728+5013) show strong flux variation on days to months timescales, where again we detect a decreasing trend of the spectral slope with brightness. We observe a global steepening of the optical spectrum with increasing flux on intranight timescale for the entire blazar sample. Non-variability in the BL Lacs in our sample could be resulted by distinct contribution from the disk as well as from other components in the studied energy range.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, 6 tables; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
Evolution, speed, and precession of the parsec-scale jet in the 3C 84 radio galaxy
Creators: name: Foschi, M.
name: Gómez, J. L.
name: Fuentes, A.
name: Cho, I.
name: Marscher, A. P.
name: Jorstad, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high resolution images of the radio source 3C 84 at 43 GHz, from 121 observations conducted by the BEAM-ME monitoring program between 2010 and 2023. Imaging was performed using the recent forward modeling imaging method eht-imaging, which achieved a resolution of 80 $μ$as, a factor of $\sim$2-3 better than traditional imaging methods such as CLEAN. The sequence of images depicts the growth and expansion of the parsec-scale relativistic jet in 3C 84, clearly resolving a complex internal structure, showing bending in the jet, and changes in its launching direction and expansion speed. We report measurements of the expansion speed in time, which show that the jet undergoes three regimes, marked by the beginning and ending of a hot spot frustration phase. The images' high resolution allows us also to measure the projected launching direction as a function of time, finding an irregular variation pattern. Our results confirm previous studies of the morphological transition underwent by 3C 84 and provide quantitative measurements of the jet's kinematic properties over a decade time-scale.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Reference Service Model for Federated Identity Management
Creators: name: Pöhn, Daniela
name: Hillmann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: With the pandemic of COVID-19, people around the world increasingly work from home. Each natural person typically has several digital identities with different associated information. During the last years, various identity and access management approaches have gained attraction, helping for example to access other organization's services within trust boundaries. The resulting heterogeneity creates a high complexity to differentiate between these approaches and scenarios as participating entity; combining them is even harder. Last but not least, various actors have a different understanding or perspective of the terms, like 'service', in this context. Our paper describes a reference service with standard components in generic federated identity management. This is utilized with modern Enterprise Architecture using the framework ArchiMate. The proposed universal federated identity management service model (FIMSM) is applied to describe various federated identity management scenarios in a generic service-oriented way. The presented reference design is approved in multiple aspects and is easily applicable in numerous scenarios.
Quantum phases transition revealed by the exceptional point in Hopfield-Bogoliubov matrix
Creators: name: Xie, Dong
name: Xu, Chunling
name: Wang, An Min
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the exceptional point in Hopfield-Bogoliubov matrix to find the phase transition points in the bosonic system. In many previous jobs, the excitation energy vanished at the critical point. It can be stated equivalently that quantum critical point is obtained when the determinant of Hopfield-Bogoliubov matrix vanishes. We analytically obtain the Hopfield-Bogoliubov matrix corresponding to the general quadratic Hamiltonian. For single-mode system the appearance of the exceptional point in Hopfield-Bogoliubov matrix is equivalent to the disappearance of the determinant of Hopfield-Bogoliubov matrix. However, in multi-mode bosonic system, they are not equivalent except in some special cases. For example, in the case of perfect symmetry, that is, swapping any two subsystems and keeping the total Hamiltonian invariable, the exceptional point and the degenerate point coincide all the time when the phase transition occurs. When the exceptional point and the degenerate point do not coincide, we find a significant result. With the increase of two-photon driving intensity, the normal phase changes to the superradiant phase, then the superradiant phase changes to the normal phase, and finally the normal phase changes to the superradiant phase.
description: 7pages,4figures
Protein generation and delignification of alder sawdust by thermophilic microorganisms
Creators: name: Wolde-Tsadick, Maheteme Selassie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: It has been indicated through a review of the literature that wood by-products have a potential as a dietary source of energy for the ruminant animal. However, lignin constitutes a barrier to the proper utilization of cellulose. Generally, any treatment to remove or alter lignin makes the cellulose within lignocellulose materials more susceptible to the activity of the cellulolytic enzymes. Therefore, an efficient biological treatment would require a system to solubilize or to remove lignin from the lignin-carbohydrate complex. Cellulose within ruminant feeds forms an effective substrate for eventual conversion to body protein. There are several methods available for delignification. This study was carried out using the thermophilic aerobic oxidation method for which swine manure was used both as the source inocula and initial culture media. In the process of degradation, a part of the energy produced was utilized by the bacteria for cell function and multiplication. The remainder of the available energy was released as heat energy. In this method the heat necessary to maintain the temperature in the thermophilic range was derived from both mechanical and from microbial activity. Thermophilic activity is considered to reduce the time required for organic waste digestion over that experienced by mesophilic digestion. The rate of the destruction of pathogenic bacteria, virus and other organisms is increased as a result of the high temperatures fermentation. Batch studies conducted to delignify alder sawdust by the use of the aerobic thermophilic oxidation method demonstrated that the lignin content of sawdust can be reduced by as much as 74%, and crude bacterial protein was generated by approximately 17%. Constant supply of small amounts of swine manure ensures high temperature maintenance. Periodical addition of 2 kg sawdust within thermophilic temperature range results in better delignification.
Occupational segregation by sex
Creators: name: Schreck, David Donald
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is an attempt to describe and explain occupational segregation by sex as evidenced by 1961 Canadian census data. Previous writers discussed the ethical question of whether men and women should be occupationally segregated or whether they should receive equal pay for equal work. This literature is reviewed. Irrespective of ethical issues, if men and women are equally productive but unequally paid, why should a profit maximizing firm hire any but the cheapest labour? This problem is known as Cassel's paradox. Previous attempts to resolve Cassel's paradox included the use of simple supply and demand models, barriers to competition, theories of monopsony, human capital theory and adjustments for quality differences. These approaches are criticized and alternative concepts of discrimination are reviewed. For the purpose of the thesis, statistical discrimination is defined as a situation in which employers draw inferences about productivity from unalterable attributes of individuals even though the attributes are not correlated with productivity. A model of occupational segregation by sex is developed that permits analysis of statistical discrimination. Employers are assumed to hire labour under uncertainty as to its qualifications. Hiring is assumed to involve a cost. Each occupation is characterized by the traits required to perform in the occupation. The probability that a person is qualified for an occupation is assumed to depend on the traits required for the occupation and the person's sex. From these assumptions the derived demand for the male-female employment ratio by occupation is determined as a function of employer investment, male and female wages, and the required traits. Statistical discrimination is said to be indicated if a trait is significantly related to the male-female employment ratio and yet there is no significant difference in its distribution by sex. A correlation coefficient of 0.78 is found in a relation between the logarithm of the male-female employment ratio and thirteen independent variables including a proxy for employer investment, the wage ratio, the male-female education ratio and ten traits. The education ratio, included in the regression analysis to adjust for quality differences, has the greatest impact of any variable. Its negative coefficient is opposite in sign to what was expected. It is possible that the negative education coefficient indicates discrimination. Data was not available for the actual distribution by sex for five of the ten traits. Three of the remaining traits, numerical aptitude, spatial aptitude and form aptitude, indicate the presence of statistical discrimination. The need for further research on how stereotypes affect occupational segregation is suggested by this study.
Torus fibrations and localization of index II
Creators: name: Fujita, Hajime
name: Furuta, Mikio
name: Yoshida, Takahiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 19K56 (Primary), 58J05, 53D50 (Secondary)

description: We give a framework of localization for the index of a Dirac-type operator on an open manifold. Suppose the open manifold has a compact subset whose complement is covered by a family of finitely many open subsets, each of which has a structure of the total space of a torus bundle. Under an acyclic condition we define the index of the Dirac-type operator by using the Witten-type deformation, and show that the index has several properties, such as excision property and a product formula. In particular, we show that the index is localized on the compact set.
description: 47 pages, 2 figures. To appear in Communications in Mathematical Physics
F. K. Hollister House, Front Door Details, Lily Pond Lane
Creators: name: Weber, Harvey A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: Photographs
Photos
Historic buildings
East Hampton
Structures
Dwellings
Doors & doorways

description: This image shows a exterior front door view of the F. K. Hollister House located on Lily Pond Lane in East Hampton. This image was taken by photographer Harvey A. Weber (1917-1991) and is part of the East Hampton’s Heritage Photo Collection.
description: Images within East Hampton Heritage Photo Collection seem to have been taken or collected in relation to the East Hampton Heritage project, but not all of them were included in the final publication. Several photographer are included in this collection.
Solar Flare Effects on the Earth's Lower Ionosphere
Creators: name: Hayes, Laura A.
name: O'Hara, Oscar S. D.
name: Murray, Sophie A.
name: Gallagher, Peter T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar flares significantly impact the conditions of the Earth's ionosphere. In particular, the sudden increase in X-ray flux during a flare penetrates down to the lowest-lying D-region and dominates ionization at these altitudes (60-100 km). Measurements of very low frequency (VLF: 3-30kHz) radio waves that reflect at D-region altitudes provide a unique remote-sensing probe to investigate the D-region response to solar flare emissions. Here, using a combination of VLF amplitude measurements at 24kHz together with X-ray observations from the Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) X-ray sensor, we present a large-scale statistical study of 334 solar flare events and their impacts on the D-region over the past solar cycle. Focusing on both GOES broadband X-ray channels, we investigate how the flare peak fluxes and position on the solar disk dictate an ionospheric response and extend this to investigate the characteristic time delay between incident X-ray flux and the D-region response. We show that the VLF amplitude linearly correlates with both the 1-8 A and 0.5-4 A channels, with correlation coefficients of 0.80 and 0.79, respectively. Unlike higher altitude ionospheric regions for which the location of the flare on the solar disk affects the ionospheric response, we find that the D-region response to solar flares does not depend on the flare location. By comparing the time delays between the peak X-ray fluxes in both GOES channels and VLF amplitudes, we find that there is an important difference between the D-region response and the X-ray spectral band. We also demonstrate for several flare events that show a negative time delay, the peak VLF amplitude matches with the impulsive 25-50 keV hard X-ray fluxes measured by the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI).
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, accepted in Solar Physics
Scalable and low-cost remote lab platforms: Teaching industrial robotics using open-source tools and understanding its social implications
Creators: name: Kumar, Amit
name: Jose, Jaison
name: Jain, Archit
name: Kulkarni, Siddharth
name: Arya, Kavi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With recent advancements in industrial robots, educating students in new technologies and preparing them for the future is imperative. However, access to industrial robots for teaching poses challenges, such as the high cost of acquiring these robots, the safety of the operator and the robot, and complicated training material. This paper proposes two low-cost platforms built using open-source tools like Robot Operating System (ROS) and its latest version ROS 2 to help students learn and test algorithms on remotely connected industrial robots. Universal Robotics (UR5) arm and a custom mobile rover were deployed in different life-size testbeds, a greenhouse, and a warehouse to create an Autonomous Agricultural Harvester System (AAHS) and an Autonomous Warehouse Management System (AWMS). These platforms were deployed for a period of 7 months and were tested for their efficacy with 1,433 and 1,312 students, respectively. The hardware used in AAHS and AWMS was controlled remotely for 160 and 355 hours, respectively, by students over a period of 3 months.
description: 14 pages. Accepted at Springer's 16th International Conference on Social Robotics + AI 2024
title: Regime Switching in Cointegrated Time Series
Creators: name: Zynda, Bradley David
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Volatile commodities and markets can often be difficult to model and forecast given significant breaks in trends through time. To account such breaks, regime switching methods allow for models to accommodate abrupt changes in behavior of the data. However, the difficulty often arises in beginning the process of choosing a model and its associated parameters with which to represent the data and the objects of interest. To improve model selection for these volatile markets, this research examines time series with regime switching components and argues that a synthesis of vector error correction models with regime switching models with ameliorate financial modeling. Using futures prices from dairy markets as the chief data of interest, it will be shown that the traditional methods applied to these kind of series are not consistent and the need for a synthesis of models is needed.
Distribution-Free Normal Modal Logics
Creators: name: Hartonas, Chrysafis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article initiates the semantic study of distribution-free normal modal logic systems, laying the semantic foundations and anticipating further research in the area. The article explores roughly the same area, though taking a different approach, with a recent article by Bezhanishvili, de Groot, Dmitrieva and Morachini, who studied a distribution-free version of Dunn's Positive Modal Logic (PML). Unlike PML, we consider logics that may drop distribution and which are equipped with both an implication connective and modal operators. We adopt a uniform relational semantics approach, relying on recent results on representation and duality for normal lattice expansions. We prove canonicity and completeness in the relational semantics of the minimal distribution-free normal modal logic, assuming just the K-axiom, as well as of its axiomatic extensions obtained by adding any of the D, T, B, S4 or S5 axioms. Adding distribution can be easily accommodated and, as a side result, we also obtain a new semantic treatment of Intuitionistic Modal Logic.
Density Probability Distribution Functions in Supersonic Hydrodynamic and MHD Turbulence
Creators: name: Lemaster, M. Nicole
name: Stone, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the probability distribution function (PDF) of the mass density in simulations of supersonic turbulence with properties appropriate for molecular clouds. For this study we use Athena, a new higher-order Godunov code. We find there are surprisingly similar relationships between the mean of the time-averaged PDF and the turbulent Mach number for driven hydrodynamic and strong-field MHD turbulence. There is, however, a large scatter about these relations, indicating a high level of temporal and spatial variability in the PDF. Thus, the PDF of the mass density is unlikely to be a good measure of magnetic field strength. We also find the PDF of decaying MHD turbulence deviates from the mean-Mach relation found in the driven case. This implies that the instantaneous Mach number alone is not enough to determine the statistical properties of turbulence that is out of equilibrium. The scatter about the mean-Mach relation for driven turbulence, along with the large departure of decaying turbulence PDFs from those of driven turbulence, may illuminate one factor contributing to the large observed cloud-to-cloud variation in the star formation rate per solar mass.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, published in ApJL; corrected sign in eqn. (4)
Additional file 24 of Genome-wide identification, classification, and expression analysis of the JmjC domain-containing histone demethylase gene family in birch
Creators: name: Chen, Bowei
name: Ali, Shahid
name: Zhang, Xu
name: Zhang, Yonglan
name: Wang, Min
name: Zhang, Qingzhu
name: Xie, Linan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 24: Figure S8. The co-expression network (network1) for the low-temperature response BpJMJ genes.
title: Vitamin D Deficiency in the United States: How Common is it?
Creators: name: Arnold, Christine N.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2010

description: Background: Vitamin D deficiency in the US is more prevalent than before estimated. Given the numerous roles vitamin D plays in the body, it is becoming apparent that the need for adequate intake is vital. It is generally accepted that adults require 1,000 IU per day.
Methods: Electronic searches were conducted using Google Scholar and Elsevier databases. Search terms included “vitamin D deficiency”, “vitamin D deficiency US”, and “vitamin D screening”. Databases were reviewed for prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the US.
Results: Populations at high risk for deficiency include the elderly, adolescents, people with darker skin, those who are obese, and those with limited sun exposure. Studies have shown that a deficiency cannot only lead to bone disease, but possibly cancer, cardiovascular disease and autoimmune diseases.
Conclusions: Due to the increasing prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the US, it is suggested that interventions be taken to increase intake among at-risk populations. Such interventions include increasing consumption of vitamin D rich foods, taking a vitamin D supplement, and/or increasing sun exposure to the extent needed for adequate vitamin D production.
A Probabilistic Model to Estimate Number Densities from Column Densities in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Gaches, Brandt A. L.
name: Grudić, Michael Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constraining the physical and chemical evolution of molecular clouds is essential to our understanding of star formation. These investigations often necessitate knowledge of some local representative number density of the gas along the line of sight. However, constraining the number density is a difficult endeavor. Robust constraints of the number density often require line observations of specific molecules along with radiation transfer modeling, which provides densities traced by that specific molecule. Column density maps of molecular clouds are more readily available, with many high-fidelity maps calculated from dust emission and extinction, in particular from surveys conducted with the Herschel Space Observatory. We introduce a new probabilistic model which is based on the assumption that the total hydrogen nuclei column density along a line of sight can be decomposed into a turbulent component and a gravitationally-dominated component. Therefore, for each pixel in a column density map, the line of sight is decomposed into characteristic diffuse (dubbed ``turbulent'') and dense (dubbed ``gravitational'') gas number densities from column density maps. The method thus exploits a physical model of turbulence to decouple the random turbulent column from gas in dense bound structures empirically using the observed column density maps. We find the model produces reasonable turbulent and gravitational densities in the Taurus L1495/B213 and Polaris Flare clouds. The model can also be used to infer an effective attenuating column density into the cloud, which is useful for astrochemical models of the clouds. We conclude by demonstrating an application of this method by predicting the emission of the [C II], [C I], and CO (J = 1-0) lines across the Taurus L1495/B213 region at the native resolution of the column density map utilizing a grid of photodissociation-region models.
description: Accepted to A&A. Public GitHub with example lower resolution calculation here: https://github.com/AstroBrandt/GMCDensityEstimation
Kilonova ejecta opacity inferred from new large-scale HFR atomic calculations in all elements between Ca (Z = 20) and Lr (Z = 103)
Creators: name: Deprince, Jérôme
name: Wagle, Gururaj
name: Nasr, Sirine Ben
name: Gallego, Helena Carvajal
name: Godefroid, Michel
name: Goriely, Stéphane
name: Just, Oliver
name: Palmeri, Patrick
name: Quinet, Pascal
name: Van Eck, Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of kilonova (KN) modeling, the present work focusses on large-scale atomic data and opacity computations for all heavy elements from Ca to Lr, with a special effort on lanthanides and actinides, for a grid of typical KN ejecta conditions between one day and one week after the merger (corresponding to the LTE photosphere phase of the KN ejecta). In order to do so, we used the pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock (HFR) method, in which the choice of the interaction configuration model is of crucial importance. In this paper, HFR atomic data and opacities for all elements between Ca (Z = 20) and Lr (Z = 103) are presented, with a special focus on lanthanides and actinides. Besides, we also discuss the contribution of every single element to the total KN ejecta opacity for a given neutron star merger model, depending on their Planck mean opacities and elemental abundances. An important result is that lanthanides are found to not be the dominant sources of opacity, at least on average. The impact on KN light curves of considering such atomic-physics based opacity data instead of typical crude approximation formulae is also evaluated. In addition, the importance of taking the ejecta composition into account directly in the expansion opacity determination (instead of estimating single-element opacities) is highlighted. A database containing all the relevant atomic data and opacity tables has also been created and published online along with this work.
Repeated-Root Constacyclic Codes of Length $3p^s$ over the Finite Non-Chain Ring $\frac{\mathbb{F}_{p^m}[u, v]}{\langle u^2, v^2, uv-vu\rangle}$ and their Duals
Creators: name: Acharya, Divya
name: Poojary, Prasanna
name: R, Vadiraja Bhatta G
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11T71, 14G50

description: This study aims to determine the algebraic structures of $α$-constacyclic codes of length $3p^s$ over the finite commutative non-chain ring $\mathcal{R}=\frac{\mathbb{F}_{p^m}[u, v]}{\langle u^2, v^2, uv-vu\rangle}$, for a prime $p \neq 3.$ For the unit $α$, we consider two different instances: when $α$ is a cube in $\mathcal{R}$ and when it is not. Analyzing the first scenario is relatively easy. When $α$ is not a unit in $\mathcal{R}$, we consider several subcases and determine the algebraic structures of constacyclic codes in those cases. Further, we also provide the number of codewords and the duals of $α$-constacyclic codes.
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Amoussou-Guenou, Yackolley
name: Kiayias, Aggelos
name: Verdier, Marianne
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Theory of computation → Distributed algorithms
subject: Security and privacy → Cryptography
subject: Mathematics of computing → Mathematical analysis

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: OASIcs, Vol. 110, 4th International Conference on Blockchain Economics, Security and Protocols (Tokenomics 2022), pages 0:i-0:xii
Robust photometric redshift determinations of gamma-ray burst afterglows at z > 2
Creators: name: Curran, P. A.
name: Wijers, R. A. M. J.
name: Heemskerk, M. H. M.
name: Starling, R. L. C.
name: Wiersema, K.
name: van der Horst, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theory suggests that about 10% of Swift-detected gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) will originate at redshifts greater than 5 yet a number of high redshift candidates may be left unconfirmed due to the lack of measured redshifts. Here we introduce our code, GRBz, a method of simultaneous multi-parameter fitting of GRB afterglow optical and near infrared, spectral energy distributions. It allows for early determinations of the photometric redshift, spectral index and host extinction to be made. We assume that GRB afterglow spectra are well represented by a power-law decay and model the effects of absorption due to the Lyman forest and host extinction. We use a genetic algorithm-based routine to simultaneously fit the parameters of interest, and a Monte Carlo error analysis. We use GRBs of previously determined spectroscopic redshifts to prove our method, while also introducing new near infrared data of GRB 990510 which further constrains the value of the host extinction. Our method is effective in estimating the photometric redshift of GRBs, relatively unbiased by assumptions of the afterglow spectral index or the host galaxy extinction. Monte Carlo error analysis is required as the method of error estimate based on the optimum population of the genetic algorithm underestimates errors significantly.
description: Accepted to A&A: 8 pages, 5 figures