cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Intrapapillary Capillary Loop Classification in Magnification Endoscopy: Open Dataset and Baseline Methodology
Creators: name: Garcia-Peraza-Herrera, Luis C.
name: Everson, Martin
name: Lovat, Laurence
name: Wang, Hsiu-Po
name: Wang, Wen Lun
name: Haidry, Rehan
name: Stoyanov, Danail
name: Ourselin, Sebastien
name: Vercauteren, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Purpose. Early squamous cell neoplasia (ESCN) in the oesophagus is a highly treatable condition. Lesions confined to the mucosal layer can be curatively treated endoscopically. We build a computer-assisted detection (CADe) system that can classify still images or video frames as normal or abnormal with high diagnostic accuracy. Methods. We present a new benchmark dataset containing 68K binary labeled frames extracted from 114 patient videos whose imaged areas have been resected and correlated to histopathology. Our novel convolutional network (CNN) architecture solves the binary classification task and explains what features of the input domain drive the decision-making process of the network. Results. The proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 91.7 % compared to the 94.7 % achieved by a group of 12 senior clinicians. Our novel network architecture produces deeply supervised activation heatmaps that suggest the network is looking at intrapapillary capillary loop (IPCL) patterns when predicting abnormality. Conclusion. We believe that this dataset and baseline method may serve as a reference for future benchmarks on both video frame classification and explainability in the context of ESCN detection. A future work path of high clinical relevance is the extension of the classification to ESCN types.
description: Accepted by IJCARS
Random Point Fields for Para-Partcles of Any Order
Creators: name: Tamura, Hiroshi
name: Ito, Keiichi R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G55; 82B05; 82B30

description: Random point fields which describe gases consisting of para-particles of any order are given by means of the canonical ensemble approach. The analysis for the cases of the para-fermion gases are discussed in full detail.
description: 15 pages
The symmetry energy at subnuclear densities and nuclei in neutron star crusts
Creators: name: Oyamatsu, Kazuhiro
name: Iida, Kei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine how the properties of inhomogeneous nuclear matter at subnuclear densities depend on the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Using a macroscopic nuclear model we calculate the size and shape of nuclei in neutron star matter at zero temperature in a way dependent on the density dependence of the symmetry energy. We find that for smaller symmetry energy at subnuclear densities, corresponding to larger density symmetry coefficient L, the charge number of nuclei is smaller, and the critical density at which matter with nuclei or bubbles becomes uniform is lower. The decrease in the charge number is associated with the dependence of the surface tension on the nuclear density and the density of a sea of neutrons, while the decrease in the critical density can be generally understood in terms of proton clustering instability in uniform matter.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures; Fig. 6 corrected, typos corrected
Bericht zur Umsetzung von Artikel 12a KFG: Auswertung einer Umfrage des Bundesamtes für Kultur (BAK)
Creators: name: Petersen, Suse
name: Camp, Marc-Antoine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Kein Abstract vorhanden.
description: + Reihe: Forschungsberichte der Hochschule Luzern - Musik, 18
An Enhanced Corpus for Arabic Newspapers Comments
Creators: name: Rahab, Hichem
name: Zitouni, Abdelhafid
name: Djoudi, Mahieddine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose our enhanced approach to create a dedicated corpus for Algerian Arabic newspapers comments. The developed approach has to enhance an existing approach by the enrichment of the available corpus and the inclusion of the annotation step by following the Model Annotate Train Test Evaluate Revise (MATTER) approach. A corpus is created by collecting comments from web sites of three well know Algerian newspapers. Three classifiers, support vector machines, na{ï}ve Bayes, and k-nearest neighbors, were used for classification of comments into positive and negative classes. To identify the influence of the stemming in the obtained results, the classification was tested with and without stemming. Obtained results show that stemming does not enhance considerably the classification due to the nature of Algerian comments tied to Algerian Arabic Dialect. The promising results constitute a motivation for us to improve our approach especially in dealing with non Arabic sentences, especially Dialectal and French ones.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2006.00459
Developing a cyber security culture: Current practices and future needs
Creators: name: Uchendu, Betsy
name: Nurse, Jason R. C.
name: Bada, Maria
name: Furnell, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While the creation of a strong security culture has been researched and discussed for decades, it continues to elude many businesses. Part of the challenge faced is distilling pertinent, recent academic findings and research into useful guidance. In this article, we aim to tackle this issue by conducting a state-of-the-art study into organisational cyber security culture research. This work investigates four questions, including how cyber security culture is defined, what factors are essential to building and maintaining such a culture, the frameworks proposed to cultivate a security culture and the metrics suggested to assess it. Through the application of the PRISMA systematic literature review technique, we identify and analyse 58 research articles from the last 10 years (2010-2020). Our findings demonstrate that while there have been notable changes in the use of terms (e.g., information security culture and cyber security culture), many of the most influential factors across papers are similar. Top management support, policy and procedures, and awareness for instance, are critical in engendering cyber security culture. Many of the frameworks reviewed revealed common foundations, with organisational culture playing a substantial role in crafting appropriate cyber security culture models. Questionnaires and surveys are the most used tool to measure cyber security culture, but there are also concerns as to whether more dynamic measures are needed. For practitioners, this article highlights factors and models essential to the creation and management of a robust security culture. For research, we produce an up-to-date characterisation of the field and also define open issues deserving of further attention such as the role of change management processes and national culture in an enterprise's cyber security culture.
Differential Geometry of Polymer Models: Worm-like Chains, Ribbons and Fourier Knots
Creators: name: Rappaport, Shay M
name: Rabin, Yitzhak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze several continuum models of polymers: worm-like chains, ribbons and Fourier knots. We show that the torsion of worm-like chains diverges and conclude that such chains can not be described by the Frenet-Serret (FS) equation of space curves. While the same holds for ribbons as well, their rate of twist is finite and, therefore, they can be described by the generalized FS equation of stripes. Finally, Fourier knots have finite curvature and torsion and, therefore, are sufficiently smooth to be described by the FS equation of space curves.
On Triple-Cut of Scattering Amplitudes
Creators: name: Mastrolia, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is analysed the triple-cut of one-loop amplitudes in dimensional regularisation within spinor-helicity representation. The triple-cut is defined as a difference of two double-cuts with the same particle content, and a same propagator carrying, respectively, causal and anti-causal prescription in each of the two cuts. That turns out into an effective tool for extracting the coefficients of the three-point functions (and higher-point ones) from one-loop-amplitudes. The phase-space integration is oversimplified by using residues theorem to perform the integration over the spinor variables, via the holomorphic anomaly, and a trivial integration on the Feynman parameter. The results are valid for arbitrary values of dimensions.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Fe(II) and Tannic Acid-Cloaked MOF as Carrier of Artemisinin for Supply of Ferrous Ions to Enhance Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Creators: name: Zihaoran Li
name: Xinghan Wu
name: Wenyu Wang
name: Chengcheng Gai
name: Weifen Zhang
name: Wentong Li
name: Ding, Dejun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Fig. 1s. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic of TA-Fe/ART@ZIF. Fig. 2s. EDS spectrum of TA-Fe/ART@ZIF. Fig. 3s. Hydrodynamic size of ZIF-8, ZIF-ART and TA-Fe/ART@ZIF in different raw material proportions. Fig. 4s. Zeta potential of ZIF-8, ZIF-ART and TA-Fe/ART@ZIF in different raw material proportions. Fig. 5s. Time course of size distribution of TA-Fe/ART@ZIF nanoparticles. Fig. 6s. ART, TA-Fe/ZIF and TA-Fe/ART@ZIF nanoparticles induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells detected by flow cytometry.
Chat Room Using HTML, PHP, CSS, JS, AJAX
Creators: name: Thakur, Amey
name: Dhiman, Karan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Earlier there was no mode of online communication between users. In big or small organizations communication between users posed a challenge. There was a requirement to record these communications and store the data for further evaluation. The idea is to automate the existing Simple Chat Room system and make the users utilize the software so that their valuable information is stored digitally and can be retrieved for further management purposes. There was no online method of communicating with different users. There were many different interfaces available in the market but this method of using windows sockets to communicate between nodes would be fast and reliable. The main objective of our Simple Chat Room project is to create a chat application that helps different users to communicate with each other through a server connected. This is a simple chat program with a server and can have many clients. The server needs to be started first and clients can be connected later. Simple Chat Room provides bidirectional communication between client and server. It enables users to seamlessly communicate with each other. The user can chat using this chat application. If the user at the other end is active then they can start a chat session. The chat is recorded in this application.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
The Nature and Origin of Substructure in the Outskirts of M31. I. Surveying the Stellar Content with HST/ACS
Creators: name: Richardson, J. C.
name: Ferguson, A. M. N.
name: Johnson, R. A.
name: Irwin, M. J.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Faria, D. C.
name: Ibata, R. A.
name: Johnston, K. V.
name: Lewis, G. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the largest and most detailed survey to date of the stellar populations in the outskirts of M31 based on the analysis of 14 deep HST/ACS pointings spanning the range 11.5-45.0 kpc. We conduct a quantitative comparison of the resolved stellar populations in these fields and identify several striking trends. The color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), which reach ~3 magnitudes below the red clump, can be classified into two main categories based on their morphologies. `Stream-like' fields, so named for their similarity to the CMD of the giant stellar stream, are characterized by a red clump that slants bluewards at fainter magnitudes and an extended horizontal branch. On the other hand, `disk-like' fields exhibit rounder red clumps with significant luminosity width, lack an obvious horizontal branch and show evidence for recent star formation (~0.25 - 2.0 Gyr ago). We compare the spatial and line-of-sight distribution of stream-like fields with a recent simulation of the giant stream progenitor orbit and find an excellent agreement. These fields, found across the face of M31, attest to the high degree of pollution caused by this event. Disk-like material resides in the extended disk structure of M31 and is detected out to 44 kpc (projected); the uniform populations in these fields, including the ubiquitous presence of young populations, and the strong rotation reported elsewhere are most consistent with a scenario in which this structure has formed through heating and disruption of the existing thin disk, perhaps due to the impact of the giant stream progenitor. Our comparative analysis sheds new light on the likely composition of two of the ultra-deep pointings formerly presented as pure outer disk and pure halo in the literature.
description: Accepted to AJ. ftp://ftp.roe.ac.uk/pub/jcr/richardson2008.pdf contains high resolution figures. 16 pages, 10 figures; best seen in color on above link
The boundary between "us" and "them": readers and the non-English word in the fiction of Canadian Mennonite writers
Creators: name: Janzen, Beth E.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This study asks whether the use of non-English words in the novels of Canadian Mennonites perpetuates a cultural binary, and concludes that it does not. The use of the non-English word, rather than enforcing a binary between "us and them", ultimately reveals that cultural boundaries are permeable and unstable. Recent reader-response theory, which sees the reader as always influenced by a context, is central to this inquiry. Analysis of readers' responses in the form of questionnaires constitutes part of the support for my assertions, while an examination of typography, orthography, interlingua, and theme in three novels by Canadian Mennonites provides the balance. Chapter one lays the theoretical framework for the investigation. It discusses: reader-response theory and the impossibility of accessing a stable textual meaning coincidental with the author's intention, the challenge of the non-English word to the concept of universality, and the distinction between proper “English" and non-institutional "english". Chapter two examines some readers' responses to non-English words and finds that “inside" readers have interpretations in common with "outside” readers, and that variations exist between the interpretations of “inside" readers. A binary model is too simplistic to encompass the range of contexts from which readers read. Chapter three discusses typography, orthography, and interlanguage in relation to (Low) German, and suggests the importance of these features to a discussion of the texts. Chapters four through six examine Rudy Wiebe's The Blue Mountains of China (1970), Anne Konrad's The Blue Jar (1985), and Armin Wiebe's The Salvation of Yasch Siemens (1984) respectively. Each novel's thematic concern with cultural boundaries serves as a framework for interpreting its physical and linguistic features. Chapter seven concludes by examining the influence of my own fragmented identity on the development of my argument, and revisits the issue of authorial intent in our politically less-than-perfect world. A lengthy appendix serves as a pluralistic glossary to the texts, and contains the responses to my questionnaires. A brief section outlines some of the appendix's interesting patterns and trends. An index to the appendix is provided since the appendix is not arranged alphabetically.
A cohomological interpretation of Brion's formula
Creators: name: Huettemann, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B20, 05A19, 14M25

description: A subset K of R^n gives rise to a formal Laurent series with monomials corresponding to lattice points in K. Under suitable hypotheses, this series represents a rational function R(K). Michel Brion has discovered a surprising formula relating the rational function R(P) of a lattice polytope P to the sum of rational functions corresponding to the supporting cones subtended at the vertices of P. The result is re-phrased and generalised in the language of cohomology of line bundles on complete toric varieties. Brion's formula is the special case of an ample line bundle on a projective toric variety. - The paper also contains some general remarks on the cohomology of torus-equivariant line bundles on complete toric varieties, valid over noetherian ground rings.
description: 15 pages; uses Paul Taylor's "diagrams" and "QED" macro packages; v2: "noetherian" hypothesis removed, minor typos corrected
Local and regular plasma oscillations in bulk donor type semiconductors
Creators: name: Kornyushin, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Restoring force acts on the electronic cloud of the outer electrons of a neutral or charged impurity atom when it is shifted relative to the inner charged core. Because of this the dipole oscillation arises, which influences considerably the dispersion law of the plasma oscillation in bulk donor semiconductors. Assuming that only one transition of the outer electron from the ground state to the first excited state is essential, the dispersion law is calculated. It is shown that calculated dispersion law consists of two separate branches, one of them originates from the regular plasma oscillation of the free electrons of a conductivity band, and the other one stems from the local oscillation of the outer electrons bounded to the impurity atoms.
description: Interaction of regular and local plasma oscillations in semiconductors is studied
Monitoring of ultrafine particles in French regional air quality network
Creators: name: Zhang, Shouwen
name: Aleixo, T.
name: Thomasson, A.
name: Guernion, P.Y.
name: Pin, F.
name: Mesbah, B.
name: Roze, F.
name: Chevrier, F.
name: Pouchain, V.
name: Dalle, M.
name: Le Bihan, O.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019

description: Monitoring of ultrafine particles (UFP) in the ambient air is ongoing since 2012 in France. A national working group was created in 2014, including nowadays five French regional air quality monitoring networks. The main instrument selected to monitor UFP is the particle sizer “UFP-3031” (TSI Inc.). It measures the particle number concentration between 20 and 800 nm with six size channels. Two intercomparisons were organized in 2014 and 2015, which evaluated the accuracy of this instrument through a comparison with other techniques (such as Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer, SMPS), and through uncertainty calculations. Recently, several networks have been also equipped with CPC (condensation particle counter) to be able to measure the total UFP number concentration from 7 nm. This work presents the main results of short and long-term measurement of UFP which have been carried out in various environments: urban/traffic sites, near heavy industry zones (Dunkerque and Fos-sur-Mer in northern and southern France, respectively), near harbor area (Nice)… For urban/ traffic environment, the number concentration and size distribution are compared at the national level; it appears that they vary significantly depending on the influence of road traffic around the site. The concentration levels near traffic sites are at least twice than in the urban area, especially for UFP smaller than 50 nm. Additionally, the UFP measurement also makes it possible to improve the identification of specific sources and to understand the atmospheric physicochemical phenomena. The relationship between UFP and industrial emissions, ferries, forest fires was clearly identified in different places in France. During summer, the UFP monitoring also shows the formation of new particles (between 20-30 nm or smaller) in the afternoon, due to photochemical reactions. From 2019, the French national strategy on UFP will start putting a particular emphasis on the impact of UFP on human health.
Electric-field-driven conductance switching in encapsulated graphene nanogaps
Creators: name: Pyurbeeva, E.
name: Swett, J. L.
name: Ye, Q.
name: Kennedy, O. W.
name: Mol, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feedback-controlled electric breakdown of graphene in air or vacuum is a well-established way of fabricating tunnel junctions, nanogaps, and quantum dots. We show that the method is equally applicable to encapsulated graphene constrictions fabricated using hydrogen silsesquioxane. The silica-like layer left by hydrogen silsesquioxane resist after electron-beam exposure remains intact after electric breakdown of the graphene. We explore the conductance switching behavior that is common in graphene nanostructures fabricated via feedback-controlled breakdown, and show that it can be attributed to atomic-scale fluctuations of graphene below the encapsulating layer. Our findings open up new ways of fabricating encapsulated room-temperature single-electron nanodevices and shed light on the underlying physical mechanism of conductance switching in these graphene nanodevices.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Mass Concentrations of Water-Soluble Ions in PM$_{2.5}$ Particle Fraction Measured at Urban Background Site in Croatia
Creators: name: Čačković, Mirjana
name: Šega, Krešimir
name: Vađić, Vladimira
name: Pehnec, Gordana
name: Gluščić, Valentina
name: Bešlić, Ivan
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019

description: Mass concentrations of PM$_{2.5}$ particle fraction, water-soluble anion species (Cl$^{-}$, NO$_{3}$$^{-}$, SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$) and cation species (Na$^{+}$, NH$_{4}$$^{+}$, K$^{+}$, Mg$^{2+}$, Ca$^{2+}$) were determined, to investigated the relationship between pollutant mass concentrations, contribution of measured species to PM$_{2.5}$ mass and prediction of the pollutant sources. Daily PM$_{2.5}$ samples were taken over three years 2014 – 2016 at urban background site (UBS) in northern part of Zagreb, Croatia. Mass concentrations of PM$_{2.5}$ particle fraction were determined by gravimetry according to the standard HRN EN 14907:2006 (EN 14907:2005) and HRN EN 12341:2014 (EN 12341:2014). Water-soluble ionic species were analysed using Thermo Scientific – ICS 5000 Capillary ion chromatography. Annual average PM$_{2.5}$ mass concentration ranged from 19.6 μg m$^{-3}$ to 22.7μg m$^{-3}$ respectively. The annual average ion mass concentrations at UBS followed the order SO$_{4}$$^{-2}$ > NO$_{3}$$^{-}$ > NH$_{4}$$^{+}$ > K$^{+}$ > Ca$^{2+}$ > Cl$^{-}$ > Na$^{+}$ > Mg$^{2+}$, respectively, contributed from 26.5% to 31.5% to the overall PM$_{2.5}$ mass, respectively. Annual average mass ratios of (NO$_{3}$$^{-}$)/(SO$_{4}$$^{2-}$) obtained in PM$_{2.5}$ ranged from 0.76 to 1.07, respectively, indicating that mobile source emission was an important contributor to particle mass at UBS. The prediction of the pollutant sources, we ran the principal component analysis (PCA), which was performed using the STATISTICA 12.0 statistical packages. After varimax rotation, the obtained principal component factors were found to account for 95% of the variance. Factor loadings > 0.7 were considered significant.
Critical packing in granular shear bands
Creators: name: Fazekas, S.
name: Török, J.
name: Kertész, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a realistic three-dimensional setup, we simulate the slow deformation of idealized granular media composed of spheres undergoing an axisymmetric triaxial shear test. We follow the self-organization of the spontaneous strain localization process leading to a shear band and demonstrate the existence of a critical packing density inside this failure zone. The asymptotic criticality arising from the dynamic equilibrium of dilation and compaction is found to be restricted to the shear band, while the density outside of it keeps the memory of the initial packing. The critical density of the shear band depends on friction (and grain geometry) and in the limit of infinite friction it defines a specific packing state, namely the \emph{dynamic random loose packing}.
Gauge Theories with Cayley-Klein $SO(2;j)$ and $SO(3;j)$ Gauge Groups
Creators: name: Gromov, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauge theories with the orthogonal Cayley-Klein gauge groups $SO(2;j)$ and $SO(3;{\bf j})$ are regarded. For nilpotent values of the contraction parameters ${\bf j}$ these groups are isomorphic to the non-semisimple Euclid, Newton, Galilei groups and corresponding matter spaces are fiber spaces with degenerate metrics. It is shown that the contracted gauge field theories describe the same set of fields and particle mass as $SO(2), SO(3)$ gauge theories, if Lagrangians in the base and in the fibers all are taken into account. Such theories based on non-semisimple contracted group provide more simple field interactions as compared with the initial ones.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Fitting CMB data with cosmic strings and inflation
Creators: name: Bevis, Neil
name: Hindmarsh, Mark
name: Kunz, Martin
name: Urrestilla, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a multiparameter likelihood analysis to compare measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) power spectra with predictions from models involving cosmic strings. Adding strings to the standard case of a primordial spectrum with power-law tilt n, we find a 2-sigma detection of strings: f_10 = 0.11 +/- 0.05, where f_10 is the fractional contribution made by strings in the temperature power spectrum (at multipole l = 10). CMB data give moderate preference to the model n = 1 with cosmic strings over the standard zero-strings model with variable tilt. When additional non-CMB data are incorporated, the two models become on a par. With variable n and these extra data, we find that f_10 < 0.11, which corresponds to G mu < 0.7x10^-6 (where mu is the string tension and G is the gravitational constant).
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; matches journal version
The Evolution of Plasma Composition During a Solar Flare
Creators: name: To, Andy S. H.
name: Long, David M.
name: Baker, Deborah
name: Brooks, David H.
name: van Driel-Gesztelyi, Lidia
name: Laming, J. Martin
name: Valori, Gherardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the coronal elemental abundances during a small flare using Hinode/EIS observations. Compared to the pre-flare elemental abundances, we observed a strong increase in coronal abundance of Ca XIV 193.84 Å, an emission line with low first ionisation potential (FIP < 10 eV), as quantified by the ratio Ca/Ar during the flare. This is in contrast to the unchanged abundance ratio observed using Si X 258.38 Å/S X 264.23 Å. We propose two different mechanisms to explain the different composition results. Firstly, the small flare-induced heating could have ionised S, but not the noble gas Ar, so that the flare-driven Alfvén waves brought up Si, S and Ca in tandem via the ponderomotive force which acts on ions. Secondly, the location of the flare in strong magnetic fields between two sunspots may suggest fractionation occurred in the low chromosphere, where the background gas is neutral H. In this region, high-FIP S could behave more like a low-FIP than a high-FIP element. The physical interpretations proposed generate new insights into the evolution of plasma abundances in the solar atmosphere during flaring, and suggests that current models must be updated to reflect dynamic rather than just static scenarios.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
A Survey of Agriculture in Guatemala
Creators: name: Wylie, Kathryn H.
name: Wylie, Kathryn H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1970
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Guatemala
subject: Agricultural production expansion
subject: Agricultural policies
subject: Farming patterns
subject: Economic integration
subject: Foreign aid

description: Agricultural production, the basis of Guatemala's economy, increased during the past 15 years and is expected to continue to rise in the next decade. The principal export crops--coffee, cotton, sugar, and bananas--are grown on large holdings and have benefited the most from improved growing and marketing techniques. Corn is the principal subsistence crop and wheat is the most important agricultural import. Both crop and livestock output can be expanded, but their rapid growth is handicapped by the low level of education of many farmers, unimproved agricultural technology on numerous farms, inadequate farm credit, and political and social problems. The United States and Guatemala are politically and economically important to each other. The United States is the first market for Guatemala's exports, but its share in total export value is declining as members of the Central American Common Market take a greater quantity of Guatemala's commodities.
Balancing discourse and silence : an approach to First Nations women’s writing
Creators: name: Seaton, Dorothy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This thesis considers the critical implications of a cross-cultural reading of First Nations women’s writing in this time of sensitivity to the issues of appropriation and power inequities between dominant and minority cultures. A genre-based study, it is written from a deliberately split perspective: reading as both a white academic implicated in the dominant culture's production of meaning and value, and as a lesbian alienated from these same processes, I both propose and perform several modes of response to First Nations texts. Interspersed with a conventional commentary is a secondary, personal commentary that questions and qualifies the claims of the critical. Then, another level of response, in the form of fiction and poetry based on my own experiences growing up with my Assiniboine sister, also proposes the appropriateness, in this critical power dynamic, of a third response of simply answering story with story. Chapter One examines the construction of individual identity and responsibility in Maria Campbell's Halfbreed, particularly as the text demands an emotionally-engaged response conventionally discouraged in critical discourse, and as a result redefines the genre of autobiography. Chapter Two considers the possibility of a communal and spiritual, as well as an individual, emotional, response to First Nations texts, examining the community of stories that comprise each of the novels Slash, In Search of April Raintree, and Honour the Sun. From this consideration of narrative as eliciting emotional and spiritual reading practices, Chapter Three discusses the nature of language itself as a vehicle of spiritual transformation and subversion, specifically in the poetry of Annharte and Beth Cuthand. Chapter Four, on the mixed-genre The Book of Jessica, shifts focus from the discursive strategies of First Nations writing, to examining the way these practices redefine time and history as newly accessible to First Nations spiritual construction. Finally, the Conclusion re-examines the reading strategies developed throughout the thesis, noting the pitfalls they avoid, while discussing their limitations as cross-cultural tools. The ultimate effect is to propose the very beginning of the kinds of changes the academy must consider for a truly non-appropriative cross-cultural interaction.
Imaging local discharge cascades for correlated electrons in WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattices
Creators: name: Li, Hongyuan
name: Li, Shaowei
name: Naik, Mit H.
name: Xie, Jingxu
name: Li, Xinyu
name: Regan, Emma
name: Wang, Danqing
name: Zhao, Wenyu
name: Yumigeta, Kentaro
name: Blei, Mark
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Tongay, Sefaattin
name: Zettl, Alex
name: Louie, Steven G.
name: Crommie, Michael F.
name: Wang, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) moiré heterostructures provide an ideal platform to explore the extended Hubbard model1 where long-range Coulomb interactions play a critical role in determining strongly correlated electron states. This has led to experimental observations of Mott insulator states at half filling2-4 as well as a variety of extended Wigner crystal states at different fractional fillings5-9. Microscopic understanding of these emerging quantum phases, however, is still lacking. Here we describe a novel scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique for local sensing and manipulation of correlated electrons in a gated WS2/WSe2 moiré superlattice that enables experimental extraction of fundamental extended Hubbard model parameters. We demonstrate that the charge state of local moiré sites can be imaged by their influence on STM tunneling current, analogous to the charge-sensing mechanism in a single-electron transistor. In addition to imaging, we are also able to manipulate the charge state of correlated electrons. Discharge cascades of correlated electrons in the moiré superlattice are locally induced by ramping the STM bias, thus enabling the nearest-neighbor Coulomb interaction (UNN) to be estimated. 2D mapping of the moiré electron charge states also enables us to determine onsite energy fluctuations at different moiré sites. Our technique should be broadly applicable to many semiconductor moiré systems, offering a powerful new tool for microscopic characterization and control of strongly correlated states in moiré superlattices.
Deformation parameter for diffuse density
Creators: name: Hagino, K.
name: Lwin, N. W.
name: Yamagami, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In extracting deformation parameters from multipole moments for deformed nuclei, one commonly uses the formulas which are based on a sharp-cut density distribution. We discuss a possible ambiguity for this procedure and clarify the role of diffuseness parameter of the density distribution. For this purpose, we use a deformed Woods-Saxon density as well as a density distribution obtained from the self-consistent relativistic mean-field (RMF) model. We show that the formula using a root-mean-square radius instead of a sharp-cut radius requires a large correction due to a finite surface diffuseness parameter even for stable nuclei. An implication to neutron-rich nuclei is also discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 eps figures
Mergers of Binary Compact Objects
Creators: name: Lee, C. -H.
name: Park, H. -J.
name: Brown, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We work out the effects of hypercritical accretion, which transfers mass from the secondary to the primary (first-born) neutron star (NS) in a binary, showing that the mass of the primary would end up 0.6 M_sun greater than the secondary NS in contradiction with the very nearly equal masses of the two NS's in binaries measured to date. We discuss that the primary NS evolves into a low-mass black-hole (LMBH) due to the hypercritical accretion. Using a flat distribution in the mass ratio q (q = M_secondary/M_primary), we calculated a ratio of LMBH-NS and NS-NS systems to be 5, in rough agreement with Pinsonneault and Stanek (2006). These authors emphasize the importance of "twins", which we discuss. The two NS's in the twins would be close in mass and further increase the number of mergings.
description: 7 pages, substantial changes, accepted for publication in ApJ
Natural Dark Matter
Creators: name: King, S. F.
name: Roberts, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk we analyse the claim that supersymmetry (SUSY) naturally accounts for the observed dark matter density. In many cases, it is necessary to tune the parameters of a SUSY model to fit the WMAP data. We provide a quantitative analysis of the degree of tuning required for different annihilation channels. Some regions are natural, requiring no tuning at all, whereas others require tuning at the 0.1% level.
description: Reference added. Based on talk given at Physics at the LHC 2006, Cracow, Poland, 3-8 Jul 2006
Systematic strong coupling expansion for out-of-equilibrium dynamics in the Lieb-Liniger model
Creators: name: Granet, Etienne
name: Essler, Fabian H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the time evolution of local observables after an interaction quench in the repulsive Lieb-Liniger model. The system is initialized in the ground state for vanishing interaction and then time-evolved with the Lieb-Liniger Hamiltonian for large, finite interacting strength $c$. We employ the Quench Action approach to express the full time evolution of local observables in terms of sums over energy eigenstates and then derive the leading terms of a $1/c$ expansion for several one and two-point functions as a function of time $t > 0$ after the quantum quench. We observe delicate cancellations of contributions to the spectral sums that depend on the details of the choice of representative state in the Quench Action approach and our final results are independent of this choice. Our results provide a highly non-trivial confirmation of the typicality assumptions underlying the Quench Action approach.
description: 42 pages
ACS photometry of extended, luminous globular clusters in the outskirts of M31
Creators: name: Mackey, A. D.
name: Huxor, A.
name: Ferguson, A. M. N.
name: Tanvir, N. R.
name: Irwin, M.
name: Ibata, R.
name: Bridges, T.
name: Johnson, R. A.
name: Lewis, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new population of extended, luminous globular clusters has recently been discovered in the outskirts of M31. These objects have luminosities typical of classical globular clusters, but much larger half-light radii. We report the first results from deep ACS imaging of four such clusters, one of which is a newly-discovered example lying at a projected distance of ~60 kpc from M31. Our F606W, F814W colour-magnitude diagrams extend ~3 magnitudes below the horizontal branch level, and clearly demonstrate, for the first time, that all four clusters are composed of >10 Gyr old, metal-poor stellar populations. No evidence for multiple populations is observed. From a comparison with Galactic globular cluster fiducials we estimate metallicities in the range -2.2 < [Fe/H] < -1.8. The observed horizontal branch morphologies show a clear second parameter effect between the clusters. Preliminary radial luminosity profiles suggest integrated magnitudes in the range -6.6 < M_V < -7.7, near the median value of the globular cluster luminosity function. Our results confirm that these four objects are bona fide old, metal-poor globular clusters, albeit with combined structures and luminosities unlike those observed for any other globular clusters in the Local Group or beyond.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Strain-induced topological charge control in multifold fermion systems
Creators: name: Bose, Anumita
name: Narayan, Awadhesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multifold fermion systems feature free fermionic excitations, which have no counterparts in high-energy physics, and exhibit several unconventional properties. Using first-principles calculations, we predict that strain engineering can be used to control the distribution of topological charges in transition metal silicide candidate CoSi, hosting multifold fermions. We demonstrate that breaking the rotational symmetry of the system, by choosing a suitable strain, destroys the multifold fermions, and at the same time results in the creation of Weyl points. We introduce a low energy effective model to complement the results obtained from density functional calculations. Our findings suggest that strain-engineering is a useful approach to tune topological properties of multifold fermions.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Node differentiation dynamics along the route to synchronization in complex networks
Creators: name: Letellier, Christophe
name: Sendiña-Nadal, Irene
name: Minati, Ludovico
name: Leyva, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Synchronization has been the subject of intense research during decades mainly focused on determining the structural and dynamical conditions driving a set of interacting units to a coherent state globally stable. However, little attention has been paid to the description of the dynamical development of each individual networked unit in the process towards the synchronization of the whole ensemble. In this paper, we show how in a network of identical dynamical systems, nodes belonging to the same degree class differentiate in the same manner visiting a sequence of states of diverse complexity along the route to synchronization independently on the global network structure. In particular, we observe, just after interaction starts pulling orbits from the initially uncoupled attractor, a general reduction of the complexity of the dynamics of all units being more pronounced in those with higher connectivity. In the weak coupling regime, when synchronization starts to build up, there is an increase in the dynamical complexity whose maximum is achieved, in general, first in the hubs due to their earlier synchronization with the mean field. For very strong coupling, just before complete synchronization, we found a hierarchical dynamical differentiation with lower degree nodes being the ones exhibiting the largest complexity departure. We unveil how this differentiation route holds for several models of nonlinear dynamics including toroidal chaos and how it depends on the coupling function. This study provides new insights to understand better strategies for network identification and control or to devise effective methods for network inference.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
A Flavor of KLOE
Creators: name: Franzini, Juliet Lee-Franzini Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a simple, quick guide to KLOE, the flagship experiment of INFN's Φfactory DAFNE at Frascati. KLOE's design principles, properties, its physics accomplishments and its impact on "flavor physics", are described in terms comprehensible to non specialists.
description: 28 pages, 17 figures. Invited contribution to the Euridice Final Meeting, Kazimierz, August 24, 2006. To be published in Acta Physica Polonica B
Additional file 2 of Omic analysis of the endangered Taxaceae species Pseudotaxus chienii revealed the differences in taxol biosynthesis pathway between Pseudotaxus and Taxus yunnanensis trees
Creators: name: Chunna Yu
name: Chengchao Zhang
name: Xinyun Xu
name: Jiefang Huang
name: Yueyue Chen
name: Xiujun Luo
name: Huizhong Wang
name: Shen, Chenjia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Quality control parameters of the metabolomes.
The principle of majorization: application to random quantum circuits
Creators: name: Vallejos, Raul O.
name: de Melo, Fernando
name: Carlo, Gabriel G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test the principle of majorization [J. I. Latorre and M. A. Martin-Delgado, Phys. Rev. A 66, 022305 (2002)] in random circuits. Three classes of circuits were considered: (i) universal, (ii) classically simulatable, and (iii) neither universal nor classically simulatable. The studied families are: {CNOT, H, T}, {CNOT, H, NOT}, {CNOT, H, S} (Clifford), matchgates, and IQP (instantaneous quantum polynomial-time). We verified that all the families of circuits satisfy on average the principle of decreasing majorization. In most cases the asymptotic state (number of gates going to infinity) behaves like a random vector. However, clear differences appear in the fluctuations of the Lorenz curves associated to asymptotic states. The fluctuations of the Lorenz curves discriminate between universal and non-universal classes of random quantum circuits, and they also detect the complexity of some non-universal but not classically efficiently simulatable quantum random circuits. We conclude that majorization can be used as a indicator of complexity of quantum dynamics, as an alternative to, e.g., entanglement spectrum and out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs).
description: 8 pages, 4 figures