cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mass-loss and composition of wind ejecta in type I X-ray bursts
Creators: name: Herrera, Yago
name: Sala, Glòria
name: José, Jordi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: stellar wind
X-ray burst
neutron stars
nucleosynthesis
elements origin
low mass X-ray binary
neutronic matter equation of state

description: Context: X-ray bursts (XRB) are powerful thermonuclear events on the surface of accreting neutron stars (NS), where nucleosynthesis of heavy elements occur. In most cases, the high surface gravity prevents the ejection of material directly by the thermonuclear explosion. However, the predicted and observed luminosities sometimes exceed Eddington’s value, and some of the material may escape by means of a stellar wind.

 Aim: The present work has two main motivating issues. The first is to determine the mass-loss and chemical composition of the material ejected through radiation-driven winds and its significance for Galactic abundances, with an interest on some light p-nuclei (92,94Mo, 96,98Ru) that are under-produced in every other astrophysical scenario. The second is to study the evolution of observational quantities during the wind phase, which can help constrain the mass-radius relation in neutron stars. Methods: A non-relativistic radiative wind model was successfully implemented, with modern opacity tables and treatment of the critical point. This radiative wind model was then linked through a new technique to a series of XRB hydrodynamic simulations, that include over 300 isotopes, allowing us to construct a quasi-stationary time evolution of the wind during the XRB. Results: The results of our simulations make it possible to assess the mass ejected by radiative wind during XRBs and its detailed composition. In the models studied, the average ejected mass per unit time represents 2.6% of the accretion rate, with 90% of the ejecta composed by 60Ni, 64Zn, 68Ge and 58Ni. The ejected material also contained a small fraction (10−4 − 10−5 ) of some light p-nuclei of interest. Additionally, the observable magnitudes during the wind phase showed remarkable correlations, partly deriving from to the fact that photospheric luminosity stays close to Eddington limit. Some of these correlations involve wind parameters like energy and mass outflows, that are determined by the conditions at the base of the wind envelope. Conclusions: The simulations resulted in the first realistic quantification of mass-loss for each isotope synthesized in the XRB. The photospheric correlations found could be used to link observable magnitudes to the physics of the innermost parts of the envelope, close to its interface with the NS crust. This is a promising result regarding the issue of NS radii determination.
Imported inflation and monetary policy. A reply
Creators: name: SCOTT, I.O.
name: SCHMIDT, W.E.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: monetary policy, fixated exchange rates
subject: E31, E42, E52

description: In this brief rejoinder the authors respond to P.M. Oppenheimer’s criticism of their article Imported inflation and monetary policy. The authors reject Oppenheimer’s criticism of the data they use as well as the theoretical objections he raised. They argue that while the imported-inflation argument says monetary restraint will not work, Oppenheimer is saying that the authorities did not want it to work, a very different matter. JEL: E31, E42, E52
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 18, N. 73 (1965)
Cytotoxicity profiles of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with different physico-chemical properties
Creators: name: Fujita, Katsuhide
name: Sawae Obara
name: Maru, Junko
name: Shigehisa Endoh
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have industrial applications in the nanotechnology field. The physico-chemical properties of MWCNTs vary greatly depending on MWCNT manufacture and application. It has been pointed out that their needle shape and high durability are important factors that determine the biopersistence of fibers and can lead to inhalation toxicity or cytotoxicity. In this study, we prepared six suspensions of MWCNTs differing in diameter and length, and performed in vitro cell-based assays for 24 h using NR8383 rat alveolar macrophages. Rigid, needle-shaped MWCNTs with a large diameter (>50 µm) penetrated the cytoplasm and decreased cell survival without generating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), significantly up-regulated many genes involved in inflammatory responses, response to oxidative stress and apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation. Bent MWCNTs with a small diameter (<20 µm) were phagocytosed in vacuole-like cellular compartments and decreased cell survival along with intracellular ROS generation. Straight, thin MWCNTs with a small diameter (<20 µm) caused a slight intracellular ROS generation but no decrease in cell viability. Some straight, long, thin MWCNTs were found in the mitochondria and near the nuclei; however, no mutagenesis was observed. The in vitro cell-based assays showed high cytotoxicity of MWCNTs with a large diameter (>50 µm), moderate and low cytotoxicity of MWCNTs with a small diameter (<20 µm). These results suggested that the diameter of MWCNTs considerably contribute to their cytotoxicity.
Policymaking Process of Dispatching Supplementary Agricultural Workers (SAW) to the United States
Creators: name: Ito, Atsushi
name: Ito, Atsushi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Supplementary Agricultural Workers (SAW)
subject: agricultural policy
subject: emigration policy
subject: NASU Shiroshi

description: The purpose of this article is to examine policymaking process of SAW, with a focus on the dispute between the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF). The findings of the study are as follows: 1) From the perspective of agricultural policy, SAW was intended as a measure for dealing with domestic agricultural problems, such as job scarcity among younger sons and lack of successors of farmers. SAW, in addition, was planned as single emigration policy for rural youths. 2) There was a fundamental difference of the status of SAW between two ministries. MOFA had consistently treated SAW as a part of diplomatic policy. MAF, on the other hand, regarded this project as domestic agricultural policy. Due to a lack of coordination, it required two years to make a cabinet agreement. 3) Based on these findings, the author proposes that it is necessary to take agricultural emigration into account in Japan's agricultural policy studies, and that what is needed in Japan's postwar emigration policy studies is to explore the dynamics among the interested organizations.
Lebensweltbezug als Mittelpunkt der Zweitsprachförderung eine Entwicklungsarbeit zur ressourcenorientierten Förderung von Deutsch als Zweitsprache
Creators: name: Glaus, Mirjam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Schulische Heilpädagogik
Studiengang Deutsch als Fremdsprache
Fremdsprachenlernen
Förderung
Masterarbeit

description: Paulo Freire orientierte seine Pädagogik an den kulturellen und politischen Lebensweltbezügen seiner Lernenden – er nannte diese die «Generativen Themen». Dieser Ansatz wurde in ein Handlungsmodell zur Förderung von Deutsch als Zweitsprache (DaZ) integriert. Es wurde der Frage nachgegangen, welche Auswirkungen das Modell auf die Lernbereitschaft der Lernenden und die Kooperation der Lehrenden hat. Im Rahmen einer Aktionsforschung mit Hilfe der Projektmethode und einem täglichen Worttraining wurde die Praxistauglichkeit während 22 Wochen mit Schüler und Schülerinnen der 5. Primarstufe mit Förderbedarf DaZ erprobt und weiterentwickelt. Dabei konnten erstaunliche Lernfortschritte und eine hohe Lernbereitschaft der Lernenden festgestellt werden. Die Resultate zeigten aber auch, dass die Erfolge stark von der Kooperation der Lehrenden bei der Unterrichtsgestaltung und -Planung abhängig sind.
title: Handheld technologies and their role in supporting distance-learning study
Creators: name: Lunsford, Vanessa Jane
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2010

description: Distance education institutions have always employed a variety of technological media, and developing technologies are incorporated into the learning blend as their advantages are identified. Modern distance learning has, therefore, become linked implicitly with the latest media and handheld communication technologies are now being used to communicate with members of the educational community, share information and resources, and enable investigation, discussion and learning.

The use of similar mobile technologies for the purposes of student support is under-represented in the literature. This action research study explored the limitations and benefits of handheld technologies for supporting distance learning students, and the drivers and barriers that might affect their use by students. The literature review helped to identify the attributes and limitations of m-learning and handheld technologies, and the aspects of student support that might be enabled through mobile options. The research design included a questionnaire, a year-long study in which associate lecturers developed mobile-accessible resources to use with their students, and interviews with study support experts. The research data was collected in a UK distance education institution.

The study showed that handheld technologies can be used to support students for a number of different purposes: to provide an additional informal means of communication with staff and other students; to prompt participation oraction; to suggest resources or personalise the support for students; to enable access to advice and guidance; to offer factual information for study and administrative purposes; to encourage revision and review of learning.The research also suggested that students felt that increased group cohesion was promoted within the learning community through using their personal mobile technologies within the student support framework.

A model of this potential method of support is presented, giving examples of the types of communications, resources and services that could be implemented within a distance education institution.
Bracon (Bracon) nigrodiscalis GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Bracon
Bracon nigrodiscalis

description: Bracon (Bracon) nigrodiscalis GRANGER 1949
 Bracon nigrodiscalis n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 56 (key), 62 (fig. 66), 65 (descr. ♂ ♀, Madagascar). Bracon nigrodiscalis GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1517 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n Madagascar: Prov. Antananarivo: Mandraka – Prov. Toliara: Bekily.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
SON-R 2 ½-7 Der Intelligenztest SON-R 2 ½-7 im 2. Stichprobenteil der Studie ZEPPELIN 0-3 Eine empirische Untersuchung zur Durchführung und Evaluation eines sprachfreien Verfahrens in Bezug auf die Motivation des Kindes während der Testdurchführung
Creators: name: Aronis, Claudia
name: Masciadri, Gabriela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Kind
Masterarbeit

description: Diese Masterarbeit ist eine Fortsetzung der empirischen Untersuchung und Evaluation des SON-R 2 ½ bis 7 mit dem ersten Stichprobenteil der Studie „ZEPPELIN 0-3, Förderung ab Geburt“. Es wurden ca. 100 SON-R Testungen bei Kindern im Alter von ca. 36 Monaten durchgeführt. Der Hauptfokus der Arbeit liegt bei der Erforschung der „Motivation“ des Kindes während der SON-R Testdurchführung. Dabei werden verschiedene Aspekte überprüft. Die Arbeit soll aufzeigen, ob das errechnete Alter am Testtag mit der Motivation des Kindes während der Testdurchführung in einem Zusammenhang steht. Zusätzlich werden die Unterschiede bei der Testdurchführung in den Familien bzw. an den Testorten des Zeppelin Projekts in Bezug auf die Motivation während des Tests untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das errechnete Alter fast keinen Einfluss auf die Motivation des Kindes während des Testverlaufs hat. Es kann jedoch aufgezeigt werden, dass die Motivation einen Einfluss auf die SON-IQ Ergebnisse hat. Kinder, die eine höhere Motivation aufzeigen, schneiden beim Test statistisch signifikant besser ab. Die Autorinnen dieser Arbeit haben auch weitere Punkte während des Testens beobachtet, die für eine differenziertere Beurteilung der Gesamtmotivation des Kindes relevant erscheinen: Die Beziehungsfreude gegenüber der Testperson, die Neugierde und die Aufmerksamkeit des Kindes spielen eine bedeutende Rolle, ob die Motivation während des Testablaufs konstant bleibt. Anhand der Videoaufnahmen zu den einzelnen Testungen konnten die Autorinnen dieser Arbeit die Beobachtungen in einem Beobachtungsschema festhalten, dieses gemeinsam analysieren, darüber diskutieren und wichtige Erkenntnisse in Bezug auf die Motivation des Kindes gewinnen.
Bracon (Bracon) pallidoluteus GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Bracon
Bracon pallidoluteus

description: Bracon (Bracon) pallidoluteus GRANGER 1949
 Bracon pallidoluteus n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 55 (key), 59 (fig. 57), 62 (fig. 62), 64 (descr. ♀, Madagascar).
 Bracon pallidoluteus GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1522 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina: Andekaleka (Rogez).
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Mergers of Community Farming through Absorption, Coexistence, and Assimilation: A Case Study of the Hokuriku Region
Creators: name: Takahashi, Akihiro
name: Umemoto, Masaki
name: Takahashi, Akihiro
name: Umemoto, Masaki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: community farming
subject: merger
subject: absorption
subject: coexistence
subject: assimilation

description: We examined the merger of rural agricultural organizations, with a focus on community farming. The merger of community farming was studied from three perspectives. One was the absorption of community farming, the second was coexistence with community farming, and the last was assimilation. In the case of absorption, small numbers of core employees can be given charge of managing the hire of organization members, thus maximizing profit by mobilizing rural resources efficiently. However, other members can be unwilling to serve their contribution, because most of them prefer to rent their farms to the organization and retire from farming. Coexistence tends simply to delay the problems of absorption by putting them on the back-burner. In the case of assimilation of community farming, mergers can occur without creating any of the above-mentioned problems. In one example in our research, new projects involving multilateralization and corporate social responsibility were initiated. These new businesses can enhance members' awareness of their ability to contribute to the organization by becoming involved in projects.
The Influence of the Increase in International Cereal Prices on Japanese Agriculture
Creators: name: Fukuda, Yousuke
name: Kondo, Takumi
name: Fukuda, Yousuke
name: Kondo, Takumi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: CGE
subject: international cereals price hikes
subject: agricultural GDP

description: International prices of cereals increased rapidly from 2006 through to the summer of 2008. Prices plummeted after summer 2008, but remain high relative to the level of 1997. The partial equilibrium model states that price increases spur an increase in crop production. This paper examines the influence of the increase in international cereal prices on Japanese agriculture, based on a single country computable general equilibrium model. The main results are as follows. First, an increase in international cereal prices increases agricultural output and farm labor input. It promotes production of wheat, soybean and feed crops with low self-sufficiency rates, and reduces production of other agricultural enterprises. Agricultural output prices and quantities are raised for all products. Farm labor in the livestock sector is decreased due to the great reduction in livestock production caused by the increase in feed prices, but farm labor is increased in the agricultural sectors as a whole, despite the decrease in labor input in livestock production. Second, the welfare level of consumers deteriorates. Consumption of food and nonalcoholic drinks declines and the level of GDP decreases a little. Third, productivity growth in agriculture mitigates the damage caused by price increases on lowered welfare levels for consumers and the fall in GDP.
Some observations on economic programming in Italy
Creators: name: BROVEDANI, B.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Economic development, policy, Italy,
subject: O20

description: The present paper analyses the Italian Draft Program of economic development for 1965-69. The Plan was first conceived at the tail-end of a long period of growth of the Italian economy which lasted through the fifties and came to an end in 1961, a period which was characterised by fairly stable economic conditions. Because of this, the Plan takes for granted a continued growth with equilibrium, with the targets and data reflecting that past period. Such circumstances, however, are not likely to be repeated in the coming years. The author thus subjects the Plan’s extrapolation techniques and choice of objectives to a critical scrutiny. The internal consistency of the basic model is appraised, given its importance as a matrix of policy choices for what appears to be a difficult period for the Italian economy. JEL: O20
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 18, N. 74 (1965)
title: An enquiry into biosafety regulations implementation in Kenya : perspectives and roles of scientists
Creators: name: King'Iri, Ann Njoki
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2010

description: This thesis explores the perspectives and related behavioural shifts of the heterogeneous Kenyan scientific community in the development and subsequent implementation of biosafety regulations. Kenya's biotechnology innovation system has been driven largely by the contradictory framing of biotechnology as a scientific tool for innovation and international competitiveness on the one hand, and as a technology that has adverse effects on the environment on the other. A transition towards an integrated regulatory system over the last one and half decades had entailed unprecedented institutional configurations and changes in behavioural patterns of the scientific community. To analyse the role of the scientific community in shaping the regulatory process and instruments in the evolving biotechnology innovation system, the thesis draws on interviews, documentary analysis and observation data collected from a wide range of scientist and non scientist actors. It finds that, as scientists adapt to institutional changes necessitated by the biotechnology innovation transition, they have been reconstituting themselves consciously and unconsciously around different linear and non linear modes of knowledge production. In the process, learning has occurred, knowledge has been produced and diffused impacting on both technological innovation and emergence of a regulatory regime. The latter is however bounded up in the former. The thesis further finds that the capacity to influence the regulatory process and instruments was spurred not only by the individualised scientific expertise, but also by the relationships and coalitions built around the different regulatory phases. Knowledge produced in this regulatory context challenges the application of knowledge theories in the light of its potential to influence scientific practice and regulatory policy instruments. From lessons and insights drawn from theories of knowledge, the emerging policies and practices are skewed towards a narrow, linear form of technical and scientific expertise, thus ignoring many underpinning factors that are important for emergence of socially desirable processes and policies. The study recommends reconceptualisation of both scientific practice and policymaking in reflexive and systemic ways that encourage incremental learning.
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-04-30)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
The Development Logic of Rice Direct Marketing by Farmers on the Present Dimension
Creators: name: Nishikawa, Kunio
name: Nishikawa, Kunio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: demand structure of rice
subject: structure of productive force
subject: cutting down distribution cost
subject: independence of business management labor

description: The theme of this article is to show the development logic of rice direct marketing by farmers on the present dimension and to obtain the suggestion that rice direct marketing has stagnated from a macroscopic view. I will notice the demand structure of rice and the structure of productive force, and will take up an example of Tayagawa area, Chikusei City, Ibaraki Prefecture. Conclusions of this article are as follows. Farmers need to cut down distribution cost and to lower the selling price by developing a lot of deals. Advancement of the structure of productive force makes it possible to sell directly, and is therefore required. It is suggested that paddy fields farmers who can do direct marketing in earnest are limited by this factor.
title: From Wessex Poems to Time's Laughingstocks : An eco-critical approach to the poetry of Thomas Hardy
Creators: name: Tait, Adrian Geoffrey
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2010

description: The aim of this thesis is to re-evaluate the poetry of Thomas Hardy from an ecocritical perspective, and in so doing, show how and in what ways Hardy's poetic oeuvre represents a revealing response to the environment, and an important and still relevant comment on humankind's relationship to it.

As the Introduction explains in more detail, the thesis concentrates on the verse drama and verse collections published between 1898 and 1909. However, Chapter 1 opens with an eco-critical analysis of Hardy's earliest surviving poem, 'Domicilium', written 1857-60; the Chapter develops into a discussion of the origins of eco-criticism as a theoretical approach with a political edge. Chapter 2 discusses the complex Victorian concept of 'Nature', which shaped Hardy's own response to the environment. Chapter 3 engages with Hardy's career as a novel writer, and notes the way in which it informs his later poetry. Chapter 4 extends the eco-critical analysis to Hardy's poetry, focusing on Wessex Poems, his first verse collection. Although short, the collection shows how Hardy was already shaping his own poetic sense of the natural world. This theme is developed in Chapter 5, on Poems of the Past and Present, a collection notable for a series of poems with a bio-centric focus on the natural world in general and bird life in particular. Chapter 6 deals with The Dynasts, a retelling of the Napoleonic Wars through which Hardy dramatized his belief that all life on earth is connected by the workings of the 'Immanent Will'. Chapter 7 discusses Time's Laughingstocks, Hardy's bleakest reading of the human condition. The Conclusion analyses another individual poem, 'The Convergence of the Twain', written following the loss of the Titanic in 1912, and summarises Hardy's distinctive contribution to our emerging sense of what might constitute a meaningful 'eco-poetic'.
A novel approach to visibility-space modelling of interferometric gravitational lens observations at high angular resolution
Creators: name: Powell, Devon
name: Vegetti, Simona
name: McKean, John P.
name: Spingola, Cristiana
name: Rizzo, Francesca
name: Stacey, Hannah R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new gravitational lens modelling technique designed to model high-resolution interferometric observations with large numbers of visibilities without the need to pre-average the data in time or frequency. We demonstrate the accuracy of the method using validation tests on mock observations. Using small data sets with $\sim 10^3$ visibilities, we first compare our approach with the more traditional direct Fourier transform (DFT) implementation and direct linear solver. Our tests indicate that our source inversion is indistinguishable from that of the DFT. Our method also infers lens parameters to within 1 to 2 per cent of both the ground truth and DFT, given sufficiently high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). When the SNR is as low as 5, both approaches lead to errors of several tens of per cent in the lens parameters and a severely disrupted source structure, indicating that this is related to the SNR and choice of priors rather than the modelling technique itself. We then analyze a large data set with $\sim 10^8$ visibilities and a SNR matching real global Very Long Baseline Interferometry observations of the gravitational lens system MG J0751+2716. The size of the data is such that it cannot be modelled with traditional implementations. Using our novel technique, we find that we can infer the lens parameters and the source brightness distribution, respectively, with an RMS error of 0.25 and 0.97 per cent relative to the ground truth.
description: Accepted in MNRAS
Emigration and economic growth
Creators: name: KINDLEBERGER, C.P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Emigration, growth, Europe, labour supply, resource allocation
subject: O15

description: The paper considers the economic debate of whether emigration helps or hurts a country. This is a vital issue along the whole Mediterranean littoral from Portugal to Turkey. On one side of the debate emigration is regarded as the export of capital, inappropriate for poor countries. On the other side, it is considered to provide the benefits of getting unemployed or disguised unemployed to work. Here the arguments for and against emigration from developing countries is presented separately in static and dynamic terms. The focus is no intra-European South-North migration. It is shown that when conditions are right, large-scale migration can contribute to rapid growth in the country of immigration, based on greater supplies of labour, and in the country of origin, based on more effective resource allocation. It is argued that within certain limits emigration can be, and has been a positive force for growth in the South. JEL: O15
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 18, N. 74 (1965)
On the creation of new reserve assets: the report of the study group of ten
Creators: name: OSSOLA, R.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International liquidity, reserves assets, Group of Ten
subject: E42, E51, F30

description: Last year the Deputies of the Group of Ten carried out a study of the problem of international liquidity which represents a first and important result of a long process of inquiries first conducted on a theoretical level. In their report, the Deputies recognized the need for a new or additional reserve asset in the long run, and consequently entrusted the detailed examination of the proposals aiming at this objective to a Study Group. The present article analyses the Report of the Study Group, published in August of this year. The nature and the limits of the Mandate are first reviewed and structure of the report detailed. The nature of the problem is then considered. The existing types of reserve assets are dealt with before the various proposals for the creation of reserve assets are then examined. horizontal analysis of the process of creating new reserve assets is then provided. Finally, future developments and prospectives are considered. JEL: E42, E51, F30
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 18, N. 74 (1965)
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1944-05-01)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1944
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Additional file 2 of Variation in contrast-associated acute kidney injury prophylaxis for percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking (CART) program
Creators: name: Keach, Joseph Walker
name: Stanislawski, Maggie A.
name: Barón, Anna E.
name: Plomondon, Mary E.
name: Langner, Paula
name: Amin, Amit
name: Gilmartin, Heather M.
name: Waldo, Stephen
name: Maddox, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1 Plot of risk-adjusted, site-level rates of hydration and NAC prophylaxis among all PCI patients (with and without CKD). The estimates are shown with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for those that differ significantly from the system-wide average. Estimates are risk-adjusted for the following: CHF, age, sex, race (white, black, other), GFR, diabetes, lesion risk (at least 1 high vs all non-high), number of stents, year of PCI, and annual hospital PCI volume. Figure S2 Plot of risk-adjusted, site-level PCIs with contrast to GFR ratios ≤3 among all PCI patients (with and without CKD). The estimates are shown with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for those that differ significantly from the system-wide average. Estimates are risk-adjusted for the following: CHF, age, sex, race (white, black, other), GFR, diabetes, lesion risk (at least 1 high vs all non-high), number of stents, year of PCI, and annual hospital PCI volume. Figure S3 Plot of site-level saline use among CKD patients, stratified by CHF. The estimates are shown with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for those that differ significantly from the system-wide average. Estimates are risk-adjusted for the following: age, sex, race (white, black, other), GFR, diabetes, lesion risk (at least 1 high vs all non-high), number of stents, year of PCI, and annual hospital PCI volume.
Concept of Risk and Framework of Risk Reduction for Food Safety: The Rule of Government and Science for Risk Analysis
Creators: name: Niiyama, Yoko
name: Niiyama, Yoko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: uncertainty
subject: risk assessment
subject: risk management
subject: risk communication
subject: regulatory science

description: The common concept of uncertainty and risk, the definition of risk and the reason why the concept of risk is needed in the field of food safety are explained. Furthermore the explanation is given within the international framework for food safety based on the SPS agreement. Risk analysis, which is the framework for decision-making for risk reduction based on the scientific data, risk assessment, risk management and risk communication, and the progress and challenge of regulatory science in each field are discussed.
Japanese economic performance
Creators: name: MADDISON, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Japan, development, performance, growth
subject: O53

description: Japan is the only non-European country to have made the transition from being underdeveloped. Over the past century it has had the fastest growth rate of any country, and in the past decade has outpaced all other countries. More than in any other developed country except the U.S.S.R., Japanese growth has represented a deliberate effort of government policy. The Japanese experience is therefore of particular relevance to developing countries, and its recent performance also raises important queries for Europe. The present article analyses Japan’s economic performance considering whether ideas on feasible growth rates need be revised, to what extent Japan has succeeded in achieving maximum growth, and if its experience is transferable. The author first details the stages of Japan’s growth, before analysing the level of productivity and use of resources. The business cycle is then considered as well as the factors affecting growth performance. The author then examines the lessons of the Japanese experience for developing countries and finally the prospects for the future. JEL: O53
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 18, N. 75 (1965)
Bracon (Bracon) quinqueareolatus GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Bracon
Bracon quinqueareolatus

description: Bracon (Bracon) quinqueareolatus GRANGER 1949
 Bracon quinqueareolatus n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 55 (key), 59 (fig. 52), 61 (descr. ♂ ♀, Madagascar), 62 (fig. 60).
 Bracon quinqueareolatus GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1531 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n Madagascar: Prov. Toamasina: Andekaleka (Rogez) – Prov. Toliara: Ranomafana (leg. Seyrig).
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
Food Risks in Terms of Sufficiency: Domestic and International Food Security Concepts and the History of the Measures for Food Security
Creators: name: Kabuta, Fumihiro
name: Kabuta, Fumihiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: food risks in terms of sufficiency
subject: food security
subject: geographical scope of governance and risk management
subject: quantitative assessment with various indicators
subject: typology of possible hazards

description: Two factors have historically influenced the measures for food risks in terms of sufficiency: economic factors such as developments in commodity economy and distribution systems, and political factors such as effective governance systems. Japan has formulated a unique concept of food security emphasizing the food self-sufficiency ratio against the background of its rapid economic growth and increasing dependence on imported food. However, this paper shows that there exist various possible hazards to food security in terms of sufficiency, which would include household affordability and access, food chain resilience, and availability and access to food import in addition to total food supply. The Great East Japan Earthquake triggered lively risk research in various science areas. Empirical studies based on a risk analysis framework shall be necessary also for this research area.
dataset for Ecogeography of flower and fruit color
Creators: name: Dellinger, Agnes
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biologie
Biology
ÖFOS 2012 -- NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN (1) -- Biologie (106)
ÖFOS 2012 -- NATURAL SCIENCES (1) -- Biology (106)
color diveristy
flower color
fruit color
abiotic factors
temperature
aridity
UV-B
Gloger's rule
Bogert's rule

description: ## Description of the data and file structure

The data and R scripts provided encompass datasets on 2815 plant species with fleshy fruits and the fruit and flower color of these species. We provide code exemplifying how we obtained occurrence records from GBIF and pruned them, as well as bioclimatic variables (temperature, aridity, UV-B) used to test for the impact of these enviornmental variables on the distribution of both flower and fruit colors. We also provide code to calculate color diversity based on our scoring and analyse the impact of the three environmental variables on global color diversity. Code for plotting data on global maps are also provided. We have uploaded the R code and data used in this study in five different folders, the contents of each folder is briefly described below, followed by explanations of the datasets. Note that many data sources (e.g., climatic variables, WWF ecoregions shapefile) are available online, links are provided in the R scripts.
Bracon (Bracon) rotundigaster GRANGER 1949
Creators: name: Madl, M.
name: Achterberg, C. Van
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Bracon
Bracon rotundigaster

description: Bracon (Bracon) rotundigaster GRANGER 1949
 Bracon rotundigaster n.sp.: GRANGER 1949: 55 (key), 58 (descr. ♀, Madagascar), 59 (fig. 56). Bracon rotundigaster GRANGER 1949: SHENEFELT 1978: 1533 (cat.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Madagascar: Prov. Toliara: Bekily.
Endemic.
description: Published as part of Madl, M. & Achterberg, C. Van, 2014, A catalogue of the Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) of the Malagasy subregion, pp. 5-220 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 46 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4507364
title: Why do I have to do key skills? : accounting for year one engineering college students' perspectives on work and vocalisational education : a case study
Creators: name: Hopkinson, Viviana
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2011

description: As part of the increasing vocationalisation of education, a succession of Governments have identified deficiencies in what are now termed Key Skills to be a major block to enhanced worker performance and economic well-being for low-achieving students. As I teach Key Skills in an isolated College of Further Education in North West England, I am often asked by such students why they have to study Key Skills. As I wanted to find out more about such attitudes inimical to teaching and learning, this thesis reports a case study of the interconnected factors within the student biographies that have affected their life experiences and which underlie their perspectives on Key Skills. The bounded case study research in one college, involving, firstly, one cohort of first year employed engineering apprentices (N=8); a second cohort of first year college based Motor Vehicle trainees (N=8) not in employment and interview with three past and present Coordinators of Key Skills (N=3). Data was collected using three main methods: Focus Groups, individual biographical interviews (N=6) and structured interviews to provide data, including triangulation with my own perspectives and experiences. An analysis of the student data indicated significant background social structural interactive forces at play creating their Key Skills perspectives, the most important factors being social class, mediated through and by the family and peers, the locality (a traditional working class cultural dominated primary industry based town) and a form of macho masculinity. The dominant staff perspective on Key Skills is that of a deficit model of student capability, whilst the curriculum model is that of an independent Key Skills provision. Consequently, initial suggestions for the development of my own and the college practice are presented as part of an ongoing lifelong learning perspective
France’s plan and the part of the banking system in its drafting and execution
Creators: name: FRADAULT, P.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: France, banking system, Bank of France, central bank, credit
subject: E52, E58, G21, G28

description: The objective of French economic planning is the drawing up and subsequent execution of a “programme for modernising plant and equipment”. The very importance of the investments to be made and the proper equilibrium to be established between them raise difficult financing problems that necessitate the coordination of decisions. The present article illustrates the importance of the participation of the Bank of France and the banks in French planning as a whole and how this participation takes place in two successive phases. In the preparatory and elaborative phase the central bank and representatives of the banking system cooperate in the work of the chief bodies that have to establish the general lines to be followed in planning. In the executive phase the central bank contributes to decisions of a monetary and financial character. In the various credit operations the banks follow the directives of the monetary authorities and carry out a very important task in examining and granting medium-term loans for equipment. JEL: E52, E58, G21, G28
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 18, N. 75 (1965)
Food Risk and Farms in the Next Generation: Issues and Perspective
Creators: name: Nanseki, Teruaki
name: Nanseki, Teruaki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: food pollution risk
subject: food shortage risk
subject: GAP
subject: rate of food self-sufficiency
subject: agricultural enterprise
subject: management strategy

description: The objective of this paper is to consider the issues which farms should solve in order to reduce food risk, and to give a perspective of the farm of the next generation from a mid/long-term aspect. The food risk can be classified into the food pollution risk and the food shortage risk, and the integrated analysis and consideration are given. The result shows that the international GAP is required to manage food pollution risk, and the information management as a new farming operation is needed to achieve it. From this aspect, characteristics of both family farms and agricultural enterprises are clarified. The latter have advantages in the field. On the other hand, to discuss food shortage risk, the long term aspect of both demand and supply of energy and nutrients for the entire country is essential. The fundamental concept needed for this is proposed. Furthermore, it is statistically clarified that an agricultural enterprise increases the role of the major supplier. It is also clarified that the ordinary profit rate of agricultural enterprises in rice farming is higher than that of small and medium-sized enterprises in non-agricultural industries on average. A portion of the profit comes from agricultural policy, however.
Additional file 1 of Variation in contrast-associated acute kidney injury prophylaxis for percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the Veterans Affairs Clinical Assessment, Reporting, and Tracking (CART) program
Creators: name: Keach, Joseph Walker
name: Stanislawski, Maggie A.
name: Barón, Anna E.
name: Plomondon, Mary E.
name: Langner, Paula
name: Amin, Amit
name: Gilmartin, Heather M.
name: Waldo, Stephen
name: Maddox, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1a, b, and c Temporal Trends in CA-AKI prophylaxis utilization
Ungenügende Leistung - Individuelle Lernziele? förderliche und hemmende Faktoren auf dem Weg zu individuellen Lernziele
Creators: name: Anderegg, Christoph
name: Meier, Christian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Lernziel
Leistung
Masterarbeit

description: Das neue Zürcher Volksschulgesetz verlangt von den Schulen eine weitgehende Integration. Wenn ein Kind die Lernziele der Regelklasse nicht erreicht, können individuelle Lernziele vereinbart werden. Die dafür geltenden Rahmenbedingungen werden durch das Volksschulamt festgelegt. In der vorliegenden Forschungsarbeit wird der Prozess des Einrichtens individueller Lernziele aus Sicht der schulischen Akteure näher betrachtet. Wie gestalten und erleben sie diesen Prozess? Welche Faktoren spielen dabei eine Rolle? Eine schriftliche Befragung in vier Primarschulen (total 100 Lehrpersonen) hat gezeigt, dass die schulischen Beteiligten mit dem Prozessverlauf mehrheitlich zufrieden sind. Verbesserungspotential besteht in den Bereichen Lernstandserfassung, Zusammenarbeit mit dem Schulpsychologischen Dienst, Informationsfluss und Kooperation bei der Festlegung und Umsetzung der Förderplanung.
Agriculture in the Italian national economy
Creators: name: PENNACCHIETTI, A.
Publisher: name: PSL Quarterly Review
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Italy, agriculture
subject: N53, N54, O13

description: In recent years important structural changes have occurred in the countries of Western Europe with the secondary and tertiary sectors having expanded far more rapidly than the agriculture sector. Moreover, while the productivity per worker in agriculture has increased, income per worker has lagged behind other sectors and agricultural prices have risen less than non-agricultural products and services. The present work analyses the developments in agriculture that have occurred in Italy, which show particular features and characteristics. The survey is divided into two periods, 1861-1950 and 1950 onwards. JEL: N53, N54, O13
description: PSL Quarterly Review, V. 18, N. 75 (1965)