cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF HETEROSEXUAL BEHAVIORS AMONG SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA
Creators: name: Augusta, Oluchukwu Ojor
Publisher: name: kEITH jOURNAL
Year: 2025
Subjects: Adolescents, Heterosexual Behaviors, Prevalence, Reproductive Health, Rivers State

description: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and determinants of adolescent heterosexual behaviors among senior secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria. Employing a descriptive cross-sectional research design, the study targeted a sample size of 1,200 students drawn from a total population of 185,225. The reliability of the research instruments was confirmed using the split-half method, yielding a coefficient of 0.77, while face and content validity were ensured. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentages, mean, and standard deviation, were used to address the research questions, and the chi-square test was applied to examine the relationships between variables. The findings revealed that 57.0% of the surveyed adolescents exhibited various heterosexual behaviors. Among these, 63.3% reported kissing the opposite sex, 62.1% engaged in sexual intercourse, 76.0% practiced oral sex, 67.7% engaged in anal sex, and 51.9% reported masturbation. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between age and the prevalence of these behaviors (X2 = 14.200, df = 7, p < .05). Based on these results, the study recommends that public health officials and policymakers develop frameworks to regulate online content and information accessed by children and adolescents. Additionally, parents should take an active role in monitoring their children’s health and social well-being to prevent risky sexual behaviors and their potential reproductive health consequences
Evaluation of the New Individual Fatty Acid Dataset for UK Biobank: Analysis of Intakes and Sources in 207,997 Participants.
Creators: name: Kelly, Rebecca K
name: Pollard, Zoe
name: Young, Heather
name: Piernas, Carmen
name: Lentjes, Marleen
name: Mulligan, Angela
name: Huybrechts, Inge
name: Carter, Jennifer L
name: Key, Timothy J
name: Perez-Cornago, Aurora
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: food composition database
nutrient database
online 24 h dietary assessment
Oxford WebQ
fatty acids

description: The Oxford WebQ is an online 24 h dietary assessment tool used by several large prospective studies. This study describes the creation of the new individual fatty acid (FA) dataset for the Oxford WebQ and reports intakes and sources of dietary individual FAs in the UK Biobank. Participants who completed ≥1 (maximum of five) 24 h dietary assessments were included (n = 207,997). Nutrient intakes were obtained from the average of all completed 24 h dietary assessments. Nutrient data from the UK McCance and Widdowson's The Composition of Foods and the US Department of Agriculture food composition tables were used to calculate intakes of 21 individual FAs. The individual FA dataset included 10 saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 4 monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and 7 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; including alpha-linolenic (18:3), eicosapentaenoic (20:5), and docosahexaenoic (22:6) acids). Palmitic (16:0; mean ± standard deviation (SD): 13.5 ± 5.7 g/d) and stearic (18:0; 5.2 ± 2.5) acids were the main contributors to SFAs, and the main sources of these were cereals and cereal products (mostly desserts/cakes/pastries), milk and milk products (mostly cheese and milk), and meat and meat products. Oleic acid (18:1; 24.2 ± 9.8) was the main MUFA, derived mainly from cereals and cereal products, and meat and meat products. Linoleic acid (18:2; 9.7 ± 4.3) was the main PUFA, derived mostly from cereals and cereal products, and vegetables (including potatoes) and vegetable dishes. The individual FA dataset for the Oxford WebQ will allow future investigations on individual FAs and disease risk.
Relaciones Intersemióticas en la Bitácora de Diseño como Estrategia Didáctica en los Procesos de Enseñanza y Aprendizaje: Aproximación Conceptual
Creators: name: Restrepo-Quevedo, Diego Aníbal
name: Cuervo Pulido, Roberto
name: Gonzalez-Tobon, Juanita
name: Hernandez-Mihajlovic, Edgar
name: Camacho Mariño, Jorge
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Design
subject: 139999 Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: El presente documento expone
una aproximación conceptual a las relaciones intersemióticas en los procesos de
construcción de sentido mediados por la bitácora de diseño, como facilitadora
de estrategias didácticas en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje del diseño.
Las relaciones intersemióticas en la literatura se presentan como conjuntos de interacciones
entre modos y recursos semióticos, desde esta idea, la presente aproximación
conceptual permite reconocer en el espacio de formación del aprendiz de diseño,
formas por medio de las cuales el individuo hace uso material de la bitácora de
diseño para privilegiar su construcción de sentido, generando interacciones
entre otros, los modos lingüístico, visual y espacial. Lo anterior, conduce a
que existe una gestión de significado propiciada por la bitácora como agente
didáctico que se materializa en una forma modal externa al individuo, y que va
cobrando mayor relevancia con su uso continuo, propiciando una emergencia
intersemiótica.
The TESS-keck survey. III. A stellar obliquity measurement of TOI-1726 c
Creators: name: Scarsdale, N.
name: Isaacson, H.
name: Daylan, T.
name: Petigura, E.A.
name: Kosiarek, M.
name: Giacalone, S.
name: Mocnik, T.
name: Chontos, A.
name: Charbonneau, D.
name: Kane, S.R.
name: Dressing, C.
name: Mayo, A.
name: Albrecht, S.
name: Beard, C.
name: van Zandt, J.
name: Dai, F.
name: Huber, D.
name: Quinn, S.N.
name: Hirsch, L.
name: Batalha, N.M.
name: Mann, A.W.
name: Jenkins, J.M.
name: Akana Murphy, J.M.
name: Roy, A.
name: Morgan, E.
name: Günther, M.N.
name: Rosenthal, L.
name: Behmard, A.
name: Smith, J.C.
name: Latham, D.W.
name: Lubin, J.
name: Kristiansen, M.H.
name: Weiss, L.M.
name: Winn, J.N.
name: Hill, M.
name: Caldwell, D.A.
name: Crossfield, I.J.M.
name: Seager, S.
name: Rubenzahl, R.A.
name: Robertson, P.
name: Howard, A.W.
name: Ricker, G.R.
name: Fulton, B.
name: Rose, M.E.
name: Dalba, P.A.
name: Vanderspek, R.
Publisher: name: IOP Publishing Ltd
Year: 2020

description: We report the measurement of a spectroscopic transit of TOI-1726c, one of two planets transiting a G-type star with V = 6.9 in the Ursa Major Moving Group (∼400 Myr). With a precise age constraint from cluster membership, TOI-1726 provides a great opportunity to test various obliquity excitation scenarios that operate on different timescales. By modeling the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect, we derived a sky-projected obliquity of -1-+3235∘. This result rules out a polar/retrograde orbit and is consistent with an aligned orbit for planet c. Considering the previously reported, similarly prograde RM measurement of planet b and the transiting nature of both planets, TOI-1726 tentatively conforms to the overall picture that compact multitransiting planetary systems tend to have coplanar, likely aligned orbits. TOI-1726 is also a great atmospheric target for understanding differential atmospheric loss of sub-Neptune planets (planet b 2.2 R☉ and c 2.7 R☉ both likely underwent photoevaporation). The coplanar geometry points to a dynamically cold history of the system that simplifies any future modeling of atmospheric escape.
Forward-backward multiplicity correlations in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strength of forward-backward (FB) multiplicity correlations is measured by the ALICE detector in proton-proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}=0.9$, 2.76 and 7 TeV. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region ($|η| < 0.8$) for the transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}>0.3$ GeV/$c$. Two separate pseudorapidity windows of width ($δη$) ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 are chosen symmetrically around $η=0$. The multiplicity correlation strength ($b_{\rm cor}$) is studied as a function of the pseudorapidity gap ($η_{\rm gap}$) between the two windows as well as the width of these windows. The correlation strength is found to decrease with increasing $η_{\rm gap}$ and shows a non-linear increase with $δη$. A sizable increase of the correlation strength with the collision energy, which cannot be explained exclusively by the increase of the mean multiplicity inside the windows, is observed. The correlation coefficient is also measured for multiplicities in different configurations of two azimuthal sectors selected within the symmetric FB $η$-windows. Two different contributions, the short-range (SR) and the long-range (LR), are observed. The energy dependence of $b_{\rm cor}$ is found to be weak for the SR component while it is strong for the LR component. Moreover, the correlation coefficient is studied for particles belonging to various transverse momentum intervals chosen to have the same mean multiplicity. Both SR and LR contributions to $b_{\rm cor}$ are found to increase with $p_{\rm T}$ in this case. Results are compared to PYTHIA and PHOJET event generators and to a string-based phenomenological model. The observed dependencies of $b_{\rm cor}$ add new constraints on phenomenological models.
description: 25 pages, 14 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 20, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/1182
Modeling of bioprocesses via MINLP-based symbolic regression of S-system formalisms
Creators: name: Forster, Tim
name: Vázquez, Daniel
name: Cruz-Bournazou, Mariano Nicolas
name: Butté, Alessandro
name: Guillén-Gosálbez, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: optimization
subject: MINLP
subject: Artificial neural network
subject: low sized dataset
subject: bioprocess

description: Mathematical modeling helps guide experiments more effectively, support process monitoring and control tasks, stabilize product quality, increase consumer safety, or ease specific decision-making tasks for subject matter experts. However, constructing accurate process models can be challenging, especially with bioprocesses, due to complex metabolic mechanisms and data scarcity. This work proposes a method for building models combining a mass balance backbone with a canonical kinetic representation, i.e., the S-system formalism. The model structure and parameters that best describe the studied system are automatically identified by solving a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. Following an incremental approach, the integration of ordinary differential equations is avoided. Numerical examples show that our method performs similarly to models based on artificial neural networks, outperforming them in some cases while providing an analytical, closed-form model. Such expressions can be more easily interpreted and optimized in existing algebraic modeling systems.
Homodyne detection is optimal for quantum interferometry with path-entangled coherent states
Creators: name: McIntyre, Z. M.
name: Coish, W. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurement schemes that do not rely on photon-number resolving detectors, but that are nevertheless optimal for estimating a differential phase shift in interferometry with either an entangled coherent state or a qubit-which-path state (where the path taken by a coherent-state wavepacket is entangled with the state of a qubit). The homodyning schemes analyzed here achieve optimality (saturate the quantum Cramér-Rao bound) by maximizing the sensitivity of measurement outcomes to phase-dependent interference fringes in a reduced Wigner distribution. In the presence of photon loss, the schemes become suboptimal, but we find that their performance is independent of the phase to be measured. They can therefore be implemented without any prior information about the phase and without adapting the strategy during measurement, unlike strategies based on photon-number parity measurements or direct photon counting.
Primary and secondary metabolism of pentamidine by rats.
Creators: name: Hall, J E
name: Peggins, J
name: Tidwell, R R
name: Berger, B J
name: Naiman, N A
name: Brewer, T G
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: The antiprotozoal drug pentamidine [1,5-bis(4'-amidinophenoxy)pentane] has been previously shown to be metabolized by rat liver microsomes, and five of the seven putative primary metabolites have been identified. With the synthesis and identification of 5-(4'-amidinophenoxy)pentanoic acid and 5-(4'-amidinophenoxy)-1-pentanol as the remaining two metabolites, the primary metabolism of pentamidine in rats appears fully characterized. Use of [14C]pentamidine with rat liver microsomes confirms this conclusion, since no unidentified radioactive peaks were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Isolated, perfused rat livers were used with [14C]pentamidine to identify secondary metabolites. Only two novel radioactive peaks were detected by HPLC analysis of perfused liver samples. The treatment of liver samples with sulfatase or beta-glucuronidase resulted in the reduction or elimination of these peaks and gave rise to peaks identified as para-hydroxybenzamidine and 5-(4'-amidinophenoxy)pentanoic acid. It was concluded from these results that only these two primary metabolites were conjugated with sulfate or glucuronic acid. After 4 h of incubation in the perfused liver system, approximately 15% of the recovered radiolabel was pentamidine. These results suggest that pentamidine metabolism can be rapid and extensive in rats.
Activity of cationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles against experimental Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
Creators: name: Dykstra, C C
name: Jones, S K
name: Hall, J E
name: Naiman, N A
name: Tidwell, R R
name: Brake, W B
name: Berger, L C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: On the basis of a previously observed correlation between the antimicrobial activity and DNA binding strength of dicationic molecules, a series of 10 dicationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles were tested for activity in the rat model of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. One of the compounds, 1,4-bis[5-(2-imidazolinyl)-2-benzimidazolyl]butane, was found to be more potent and less toxic than pentamidine.
The role of strangeness in hybrid stars and possible observables
Creators: name: Dexheimer, V.
name: Negreiros, R.
name: Schramm, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of strangeness on the quark sector of a hybrid star equation of state. Since the model we use to describe quarks is the same as the one we use to describe hadrons, we can also study the effects of strangeness on the chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement phase transitions (first order or crossover). Finally, we analyze combined effects of hyperons and quarks on global properties of hybrid stars, like mass, radius and cooling profiles. It is found that a large amount of strangeness in the core is related to the generation of twin-star solutions, which can have the same mass as the lower or zero strangeness counterpart, but with smaller radii.
The irreducible unipotent modules of the finite general linear groups via tableaux
Creators: name: Andrews, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E05, 05E10, 20C20, 20C33

description: We construct the irreducible unipotent modules of the finite general linear groups using tableaux. Our construction is analogous to that of James (1976) for the symmetric groups, answering an open question as to whether such a construction exists. Our modules are defined over any field containing a nontrivial $p^\text{th}$ root of unity (where $p$ is the defining characteristic of the group). We show that our modules are isomorphic to those constructed by James (1984), although the two constructions utilize quite different approaches. Finally we look closer at the complex irreducible unipotent modules, providing motivation for our construction.
description: Minor revisions, results unchanged
Machine learning for exoplanet detection in high-contrast spectroscopy Combining cross correlation maps and deep learning on medium-resolution integral-field spectra
Creators: name: Nath-Ranga, Rakesh
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Christiaens, Valentin
name: Garvin, Emily O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advent of high-contrast imaging instruments combined with medium-resolution spectrographs allows spectral and temporal dimensions to be combined with spatial dimensions to detect and potentially characterize exoplanets with higher sensitivity. We develop a new method to effectively leverage the spectral and spatial dimensions in integral-field spectroscopy (IFS) datasets using a supervised deep-learning algorithm to improve the detection sensitivity to high-contrast exoplanets. We begin by applying a data transform whereby the IFS datasets are replaced by cross-correlation coefficient tensors obtained by cross-correlating our data with young gas giant spectral template spectra. This transformed data is then used to train machine learning (ML) algorithms. We train a 2D CNN and 3D LSTM with our data. We compare the ML models with a non-ML algorithm, based on the STIM map of arXiv:1810.06895. We test our algorithms on simulated young gas giants in a dataset that contains no known exoplanet, and explore the sensitivity of algorithms to detect these exoplanets at contrasts ranging from 1e-3 to 1e-4 at different radial separations. We quantify the sensitivity using modified receiver operating characteristic curves (mROC). We discover that the ML algorithms produce fewer false positives and have a higher true positive rate than the STIM-based algorithm, and the true positive rate of ML algorithms is less impacted by changing radial separation. We discover that the velocity dimension is an important differentiating factor. Through this paper, we demonstrate that ML techniques have the potential to improve the detection limits and reduce false positives for directly imaged planets in IFS datasets, after transforming the spectral dimension into a radial velocity dimension through a cross-correlation operation.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A on 23/04/2024. Total 15 pages of text, 7 figures
Evaluation of synergy between carbovir and 3'-azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine for inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
Creators: name: Carter, S G
name: Rankin, C D
name: Kessler, J A
name: Pagano, J S
name: Smith, M S
name: Kurtzberg, J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: 3'-Azido-2',3'-deoxythymidine and carbovir [racemic and (-) enantiomer] were evaluated individually and in combination for antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and cytotoxicity in vitro. The combination of these drugs synergistically inhibited human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in C3 and Jurkat cells and in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, although the same combination also produced synergistic cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Oxidant-scavenging activities of ampicillin and sulbactam and their effects on neutrophil functions.
Creators: name: Mao, J
name: Gunther, M R
name: Cohen, M S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Luminol-enhanced luminescence is a method used to measure formation of reactive oxygen intermediates important in the ability of neutrophils to kill microbes. Several studies have demonstrated that under some conditions of incubation, ampicillin can inhibit neutrophil-derived luminol-enhanced luminescence. We evaluated the mechanism(s) by which ampicillin inhibited the luminescent response of stimulated neutrophils. We also investigated sulbactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor which has been given in combination with ampicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics to increase their spectra, for possible similar effects. Both ampicillin and sulbactam attenuated luminol-enhanced luminescence by approximately 40%. Superoxide production was not prevented by added ampicillin, nor was superoxide scavenged by it. Myeloperoxidase reacts with H2O2 and Cl- to generate OCl-, which is believed to be the oxidizer of luminol that is primarily responsible for enhancement of neutrophil-derived luminescence. Hydroxyl radicals (HO.), which may also oxidize luminol, resulting in luminescence, can be formed from O2- and H2O2 via either myeloperoxidase-dependent (involving intermediate OCl-) or myeloperoxidase-independent (through a metal ion catalyst) reactions. Ampicillin scavenged H2O2 and OCl- and prevented 95% of Fenton reaction-generated HO. from reacting with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide. Sulbactam was found to scavenge OCl- and HO., but less avidly than ampicillin did. Neither ampicillin nor sulbactam inhibited myeloperoxidase activity. Sublethal concentrations of sulbactam had no significant effect on neutrophil killing of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Our results demonstrate a mechanism(s) by which ampicillin inhibits luminol-enhanced luminescence from stimulated neutrophils, namely, through scavenging of the oxidant(s) primarily responsible for the generation of luminescence.
Rural and non-rural municipalities in the Slovak Republic
Creators: name: Dická, Janetta Nestorová
name: Gessert, Alena
name: Sninčák, Ivo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Identifying rural, non-rural or urban areas in Slovakia, Central Europe, is a complex task for extensive transformation of countryside during the last decades. The processes of suburbanization, which started in Slovakia in the 1990s after the change of the political regime, also contributed to this complexity. Therefore, the identification of rural / urban regions is even more difficult. Our research focuses on the application of a multidimensional approach to delimitation of rural and non-rural areas where the aim is to establish a rurality index that presents a more comprehensive definition of the rurality. We used the Factor Analysis of socio-economic data to show rural and non-rural transitional character of municipalities. The resulting data were assigned to spatial polygons of municipalities of the Slovak Republic and visualized as choropleth maps categorizing the spatial units based on the strength of the rurality. In this way, the spatial aspects of rural vs. non-rural character in Slovakia can be perceived and compared with other sources of spatial information.
Structure-activity studies of dicationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles against Giardia lamblia: correlation of antigiardial activity with DNA binding affinity and giardial topoisomerase II inhibition.
Creators: name: Dykstra, C C
name: Tidwell, R R
name: Cory, M
name: Bell, C A
name: Naiman, N A
name: Fairley, T A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Nine dicationically substituted bis-benzimidazoles were examined for their in vitro activities against Giardia lamblia WB (ATCC 30957). The potential mechanisms of action of these compounds were evaluated by investigating the relationship among in vitro antigiardial activity and the affinity of the molecules for DNA and their ability to inhibit the activity of giardial topoisomerase II. Each compound demonstrated antigiardial activity, as measured by assessing the incorporation of [methyl-3H]thymidine by giardial trophozoites exposed to the test agents. Three compounds exhibited excellent in vitro antigiardial activities, with 50% inhibitory concentrations which compared very favorably with those of two currently used drugs, quinacrine HCl and metronidazole. Putative mechanisms of action for these compounds were suggested by the strong correlation observed among in vitro antigiardial activity and the affinity of the molecules for natural and synthetic DNA and their ability to inhibit the relaxation activity of giardial topoisomerase II. A strong correlation between the DNA binding affinity of these compounds and their inhibition of giardial topoisomerase II activity was also observed.
Gravity waves generated by sounds from big bang phase transitions
Creators: name: Kalaydzhyan, Tigran
name: Shuryak, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inhomogeneities associated with the cosmological QCD and electroweak phase transitions produce hydrodynamical perturbations, longitudinal sounds and rotations. It has been demonstrated by Hindmarsh et al. that the sounds produce gravity waves (GW) well after the phase transition is over. We further argue that, under certain conditions, an inverse acoustic cascade may occur and move sound perturbations from the (UV) momentum scale at which the sound is originally produced to much smaller (IR) momenta. The weak turbulence regime of this cascade is studied via the Boltzmann equation, possessing stationary power and time-dependent self-similar solutions. We suggest certain indices for the strong turbulence regime as well, into which the cascade eventually proceeds. Finally, we point out that two on-shell sound waves can produce one on-shell gravity wave, and we evaluate the rate of the process using a standard sound loop diagram.
description: 13 pages. Published version
Machine Learning for Exoplanet Detection in High-Contrast Spectroscopy: Revealing Exoplanets by Leveraging Hidden Molecular Signatures in Cross-Correlated Spectra with Convolutional Neural Networks
Creators: name: Garvin, Emily O.
name: Bonse, Markus J.
name: Hayoz, Jean
name: Cugno, Gabriele
name: Spiller, Jonas
name: Patapis, Polychronis A.
name: de la Roche, Dominique Petit Dit
name: Nath-Ranga, Rakesh
name: Absil, Olivier
name: Meinshausen, Nicolai F.
name: Quanz, Sascha P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The new generation of observatories and instruments (VLT/ERIS, JWST, ELT) motivate the development of robust methods to detect and characterise faint and close-in exoplanets. Molecular mapping and cross-correlation for spectroscopy use molecular templates to isolate a planet's spectrum from its host star. However, reliance on signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) metrics can lead to missed discoveries, due to strong assumptions of Gaussian independent and identically distributed noise. We introduce machine learning for cross-correlation spectroscopy (MLCCS); the method aims to leverage weak assumptions on exoplanet characterisation, such as the presence of specific molecules in atmospheres, to improve detection sensitivity for exoplanets. MLCCS methods, including a perceptron and unidimensional convolutional neural networks, operate in the cross-correlated spectral dimension, in which patterns from molecules can be identified. We test on mock datasets of synthetic planets inserted into real noise from SINFONI at K-band. The results from MLCCS show outstanding improvements. The outcome on a grid of faint synthetic gas giants shows that for a false discovery rate up to 5%, a perceptron can detect about 26 times the amount of planets compared to an S/N metric. This factor increases up to 77 times with convolutional neural networks, with a statistical sensitivity shift from 0.7% to 55.5%. In addition, MLCCS methods show a drastic improvement in detection confidence and conspicuity on imaging spectroscopy. Once trained, MLCCS methods offer sensitive and rapid detection of exoplanets and their molecular species in the spectral dimension. They handle systematic noise and challenging seeing conditions, can adapt to many spectroscopic instruments and modes, and are versatile regarding atmospheric characteristics, which can enable identification of various planets in archival and future data.
description: 27 pages, 24 figures. Submitted for publication in A&A January 2, 2024. After first iteration with the referee, resubmitted May 17, 2024
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions composed of unprocessed Gag and Gag-Pol precursors are capable of reverse transcribing viral genomic RNA.
Creators: name: Kempf, D J
name: Krogstad, P
name: Swanstrom, R
name: Kaplan, A H
name: Norbeck, D W
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: The structural proteins and enzymes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core are translated as part of two polyprotein precursors, Gag and Gag-Pol, which are cleaved by a virally encoded protease. Viruses grown in the presence of inhibitors of the protease contain core particles that are aberrantly assembled, and upon infection of susceptible cells, they do not synthesize viral DNA. Through the use of a proteinase inhibitor (A77003), we determined that the viral reverse transcriptase can efficiently synthesize viral DNA as part of the unprocessed Gag-Pol precursor. We also found that the stabilities of core particles composed of unprocessed precursors were considerably enhanced.
Joint Optimization of Streaming and Non-Streaming Automatic Speech Recognition with Multi-Decoder and Knowledge Distillation
Creators: name: Shakeel, Muhammad
name: Sudo, Yui
name: Peng, Yifan
name: Watanabe, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) can operate in two modes: streaming and non-streaming, each with its pros and cons. Streaming ASR processes the speech frames in real-time as it is being received, while non-streaming ASR waits for the entire speech utterance; thus, professionals may have to operate in either mode to satisfy their application. In this work, we present joint optimization of streaming and non-streaming ASR based on multi-decoder and knowledge distillation. Primarily, we study 1) the encoder integration of these ASR modules, followed by 2) separate decoders to make the switching mode flexible, and enhancing performance by 3) incorporating similarity-preserving knowledge distillation between the two modular encoders and decoders. Evaluation results show 2.6%-5.3% relative character error rate reductions (CERR) on CSJ for streaming ASR, and 8.3%-9.7% relative CERRs for non-streaming ASR within a single model compared to multiple standalone modules.
description: Accepted to IEEE ICASSP 2024 workshop Hands-free Speech Communication and Microphone Arrays (HSCMA 2024)
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of zidovudine and its glucuronidated metabolite in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and hepatic disease (AIDS Clinical Trials Group protocol 062)
Creators: name: Brouwer, K. L.
name: Lemon, S. M.
name: Opheim, K.
name: Moore, K. H.
name: van der Horst, C. M.
name: Cheeseman, S. H.
name: Eyster, E.
name: Raasch, R. H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: The pharmacokinetics of zidovudine (ZDV) are established in patients with various stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. This study was conducted to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of ZDV in patients with asymptomatic HIV infection and liver disease. HIV-infected volunteers with normal renal function were stratified according to the severity of liver disease (seven of eight were classified as mild). Each subject received a single intravenous dose of ZDV (120 mg) on the first day, followed by a single oral dose of ZDV (200 mg) on the second day. Blood samples were obtained over a 8-h collection interval, and concentrations of ZDV and its glucuronidated metabolite (GZDV) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained after oral administration of ZDV to HIV-infected patients with mild hepatic disease; these values were compared with previously reported data in healthy volunteers. The area under the curve (AUC) (1,670 +/- 192 ng.h/ml), maximum concentration of drug in serum (1,751 +/- 180 ng/ml), and half-life (2.04 +/- 0.38 h) of ZDV were increased, while the apparent oral clearance (1.57 +/- 0.31 liter/h/kg of body weight) was decreased; AUC (7,685 +/- 1,222 ng.h/ml) and maximum concentration of drug in serum (5,220 +/- 1,350 ng/ml) of GZDV and the AUC ratio of GZDV to ZDV (2.79 +/- 0.43) after oral administration were decreased. ZDV absolute bioavailability was 0.75 +/- 0.15 in HIV-infected patients with hepatic disease. Although the ZDV apparent oral clearance was not impaired as significantly as in patients with biopsy-proven cirrhosis, our results suggest that ZDV, could accumulate in HIV-infected patients with mild hepatic disease because of impaired formation of GZDV. Patients with mild hepatic disease may require dosage adjustment to avoid accumulation of ZDV after extended therapy.
Jugendliche in der Berufswahlvorbereitung - Eine Handlungsempfehlung zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung
Creators: name: Ramseier, Dominique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
kognitive Beeinträchtigung
Berufswahlprozess

description: Diese Masterarbeit befasst sich mit der Frage, wie Jugendliche mit einer kognitiven Beeinträchtigung ihre Persönlichkeit im Berufswahlprozess optimal entwickeln können. Sie setzt sich in einem ersten Schritt theoretisch anhand einer Literaturanalyse mit der beruflichen Orientierung sowie der personenzentrierten Zukunftsplanung auseinander, um daraus ein vereinfachtes und anwendbares Modell für die Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im Berufswahlprozess abzuleiten. Dabei bezieht sich die vorliegende Arbeit auf Theorien der Selbstbestimmung, Selbstwirksamkeit, sozialen Ressourcen und befasst sich mit dem Einfluss der beruflichen Selbsterfahrung. Basierend auf einer Beschäftigung mit der Literatur zum Thema erfolgte eine empirische Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik durch qualitative Methoden. Die zwei durchgeführten Doppelinterviews werden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse untersucht. Die Literaturrecherche sowie die qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der interviewbasierten Daten hat ergeben, dass die Realität des Berufswahlprozesses aufgrund der kognitiven und emotionalen Entwicklung von Jugendlichen mit Beeinträchtigung zyklisch und individualisiert erfolgen soll. Damit wird die Hypothese bestätigt, dass Lehrpersonen vielmehr eine Handlungsorientierung statt einen starren Prozess benötigen, die die Entwicklungsfaktoren der Persönlichkeit ganzheitlich betrachtet und ihnen eine Planungsübersicht innerhalb des dynamischen Prozesses verschafft. Das Endprodukt dieser Arbeit ist eine Broschüre, die das entwickelte Modell zur Persönlichkeitsentwicklung im Berufswahlprozess handlungsorientiert zusammenfasst und Lehrpersonen die wichtigsten Informationen zu den vier Handlungsfeldern inklusive einer fünfte Ebene vermittelt, die der Haltung und Rolle der Lehrpersonen während des Berufswahlprozesses.
Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in adult cystic fibrosis patients.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Although the depositions of many antibiotics are altered in cystic fibrosis patients, that of vancomycin has not been studied. To assess vancomycin pharmacokinetics, 10 adult cystic fibrosis patients were given a parenteral dose of vancomycin (15 mg/kg) during the first 72 h of hospitalization for acute bronchopulmonary exacerbation. Blood samples were obtained at 0, 1, 1.25, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 15, and 24 h. The mean (standard deviation) weight, measured creatinine clearance, and Taussig clinical score were 51 (13) kg, 130 (39) ml/min/1.73 m2, and 64 (13), respectively. Multicompartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were best described by a two-compartment model. The mean (standard deviation) volume of distribution, total body clearance, and terminal elimination rate constant were 0.58 (0.15) liter/kg, 91 (19) ml/min/1.73 m2, and 0.123 (0.05) h-1, respectively. These values were consistent with vancomycin pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in previous studies of healthy adult volunteers. Vancomycin dosages predicted by using a two-compartment Bayesian model were approximately 15 mg/kg every 8 to 12 h. There were poor correlations between clinical score or creatinine clearance and any pharmacokinetic parameter (r values of < 0.32). The coefficient of correlation between urine flow rate and total body clearance was 0.7 (P < 0.05). Adult cystic fibrosis patients exhibit a disposition of vancomycin similar to that exhibited by healthy adults, and thus cystic fibrosis does not alter vancomycin pharmacokinetics.
A Hard X-Ray Study of Ultraluminous X-ray Source NGC 5204 X-1 with NuSTAR and XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Mukherjee, E. S.
name: Walton, D. J.
name: Bachetti, M.
name: Harrison, F. A.
name: Barret, D.
name: Bellm, E.
name: Boggs, S. E.
name: Christensen, F. E.
name: Craig, W. W.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Fuerst, F.
name: Grefenstette, B. W.
name: Hailey, C. J.
name: Madsen, K. K.
name: Middleton, M. J.
name: Miller, J. M.
name: Rana, V.
name: Stern, D.
name: Zhang, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results from coordinated X-ray observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source NGC 5204 X-1 performed by NuSTAR and XMM-Newton in early 2013. These observations provide the first detection of NGC 5204 X-1 above 10 keV, extending the broadband coverage to 0.3-20 keV. The observations were carried out in two epochs separated by approximately 10 days, and showed little spectral variation, with an observed luminosity of Lx = (4.95+/-0.11)e39 erg/s. The broadband spectrum confirms the presence of a clear spectral downturn above 10 keV seen in some previous observations. This cutoff is inconsistent with the standard low/hard state seen in Galactic black hole binaries, as would be expected from an intermediate mass black hole accreting at significantly sub-Eddington rates given the observed luminosity. The continuum is apparently dominated by two optically thick thermal-like components, potentially accompanied by a faint high energy tail. The broadband spectrum is likely associated with an accretion disk that differs from a standard Shakura & Sunyaev thin disk.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Predicting the Torsional Strength of Reinforced Concrete Beams Strengthened with FRP Sheets in terms of Artificial Neural Networks
Creators: name: Naderpour, Hosein
name: Fakharian, Pouyan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 90506 Structural Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Reinforced concrete (RC) structural elements such as peripheral beams, beams supporting the canopy, ring beams of circular slabs are common members which could encounter torsional moments. One of the up-to-date and modern techniques for strengthening such beams is using FRP sheets. The increase of service loads, degradation of mechanical properties and updates in code regulations would cause to the need for retrofit. Using FRP sheets as a strengthening technique would increase the flexure, shear and torsion capacity. It would also change the failure mode and/or plane. In this article, torsional strength prediction of RC beams strengthened by FRP using artificial neural networks has been investigated. Input parameters of ANNs are RC beam width, height, FRP sheet thickness, modulus of elasticity of FRP sheet, yielding stress of longitudinal and transverse steels, the compressive strength of concrete, the effective width of shear strips along beam length, center-to-center space of FRP strips, the angle of wrapping and number of FRP layers. The target parameter is the capacity of the beam in bearing the torsional moment. The results indicate that the idealized neural network having definite number of neurons in hidden layer, can predict the torsional strength of RC beams externally bonded with FRP with a high degree of precision. Considering the mentioned precision, the method could be an efficient alternative for time-consuming and highly cost experimental programs.
Peccei-Quinn invariant singlet extended SUSY with anomalous U(1) gauge symmetry
Creators: name: Im, Sang Hui
name: Seo, Min-Seok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent discovery of the SM-like Higgs boson with $m_h\simeq 125$ GeV motivates an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), which involves a singlet Higgs superfield with a sizable Yukawa coupling to the doublet Higgs superfields. We examine such singlet-extended SUSY models with a Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry that originates from an anomalous $U(1)_A$ gauge symmetry. We focus on the specific scheme that the PQ symmetry is spontaneously broken at an intermediate scale $v_{\rm PQ}\sim \sqrt{m_{\rm SUSY}M_{\rm Pl}}$ by an interplay between Planck scale suppressed operators and tachyonic soft scalar mass $m_{\rm SUSY}\sim \sqrt{D_A}$ induced dominantly by the $U(1)_A$ $D$-term, $D_A$. This scheme also results in spontaneous SUSY breaking in the PQ sector, generating the gaugino masses $M_{1/2}\sim \sqrt{D_A}$ when it is transmitted to the MSSM sector by the conventional gauge mediation mechanism. As a result, the MSSM soft parameters in this scheme are induced mostly by the $U(1)_A$ $D$-term and the gauge mediated SUSY breaking from the PQ sector, so that the sparticle masses can be near the present experimental bounds without causing the SUSY flavor problem. The scheme is severely constrained by the condition that a phenomenologically viable form of the low energy operators of the singlet and doublet Higgs superfields is generated by the PQ breaking sector in a way similar to the Kim-Nilles solution of the $μ$ problem, and the resulting Higgs mass parameters allow the electroweak symmetry breaking with small $\tanβ$. We find two minimal models with two singlet Higgs superfields, satisfying this condition with a relatively simple form of the PQ breaking sector, and briefly discuss some phenomenological aspects of the model.
description: 30 pages, 2 tables, references added, version published in JHEP
Pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients seropositive for Toxoplasma gondii.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics were studied in 11 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients who were seropositive for exposure to Toxoplasma gondii and were taking zidovudine (AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol 102). Pyrimethamine was administered at 50 mg daily for 3 weeks to achieve steady state, and pharmacokinetic profiles were determined after administration of the last dose. Noncompartmental and compartmental analyses were performed. Population pharmacokinetic analysis assuming a one-compartment model yielded the following estimates: area under the 24-h concentration-time curve, 42.7 +/- 12.3 micrograms.h/ml; halflife, 139 +/- 34 h; clearance, 1.28 +/- 0.41 liters/h; volume of distribution, 246 +/- 641; and absorption rate constant, 1.5 +/- 1.3 liters/h. These values are similar to those seen in subjects without HIV infection. Pyrimethamine pharmacokinetics did not differ significantly in those subjects who were intravenous drug users. Adverse effects were noted in 73% of those initially enrolled in this study, leading to discontinuation for 38%. No association was noted between pyrimethamine levels and the incidence of adverse events. No significant differences were seen in zidovudine pharmacokinetic parameters obtained from studies performed before and during treatment with pyrimethamine. In summary, pyrimethamine exhibited pharmacokinetics in HIV-infected patients that were similar to those in non-HIV-infected subjects and it did not alter the pharmacokinetics of zidovudine in these patients.