cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
For-Profit Higher Education and Community Colleges
Creators: name: Bailey, Thomas R.
name: Badway, Norena
name: Gumport, Patricia J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: The recent growth of for-profit educational providers has been one of the most watched trends in higher education (Blumenstyk, 2000; Burd, 1998; Selingo, 1999; Strosnider, 1998). Despite the widespread attention, surprisingly little concrete information exists about the for-profit phenomenon. Although the for-profit sector is not the only source of new competition in higher education, the highly publicized growth of some for-profit institutions has generated increasing anxiety among both private non-profit and public colleges and universities. To develop a better understanding of how these institutions compare to public community colleges with respect to their students and programs, the Community College Research Center joined with the National Center for Postsecondary Improvement (NCPI) to conduct a two-year study. The objective was to determine whether these two types of institutions are competitive or complementary and how community colleges have responded to the growth of the for-profits.
Generating Temperature Flow for eta/s with Higher Derivatives: From Lifshitz to AdS
Creators: name: Cremonini, Sera
name: Szepietowski, Phillip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider charged dilatonic black branes in AdS_5 and examine the effects of perturbative higher derivative corrections on the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density eta/s of the dual plasma. The structure of eta/s is controlled by the relative hierarchy between the two scales in the plasma, the temperature and the chemical potential. In this model the background near-horizon geometry interpolates between a Lifshitz-like brane at low temperature, and an AdS brane at high temperatures -- with AdS asymptotics in both cases. As a result, in this construction the viscosity to entropy ratio flows as a function of temperature, from a value in the IR which is sensitive to the dynamical exponent z, to the simple result expected for an AdS brane in the UV. Coupling the scalar directly to the higher derivative terms generates additional temperature dependence, and leads to a particularly interesting structure for eta/s in the IR.
description: Plots and references added. Journal version of the paper
title: Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer
title: Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer
Creators: name: Toye, Richard
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Churchill, Winston
subject: Churchill, Winston, 1874-1965

description: Churchill was Navy Minister during the early stages of the war but was widely criticized over his handling of the Dardanelles campaign. He was demoted and soon afterwards resigned from the government in order to serve on the Western Front. He quickly returned to politics and then to ministerial office.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Exploration of the potential for gene expression programming to solve some problems in meteorology and renewable energy
Creators: name: Bakhshaii Shahrbabaki, Atoossa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This dissertation describes research to enhance hydrometeorological forecasts and their application towards clean energy. The secondary objective of this research is exploration of a new evolutionary algorithm as a possible statistical tool to describe some nonlinear aspects of the atmosphere. The products of this work are summarized in four chapters. Motivated by the difficulty in forecasting montane precipitation for hydroelectricity, a novel model output statistical method is introduced to improve numerical daily precipitation forecasts. The proposed method is gene expression programming (GEP). It is used to create a bias-corrected ensemble, called a deterministic ensemble forecast (DEF), which could serve as an alternative to the traditional ensemble average. Comparing the verification scores of GEP DEF vs. an equally- weighted (traditional) ensemble-average DEF, it is found that GEP DEFs were better for about half of the mountain weather stations tested. The need for an enhanced electric load forecasting model with better connections to weather variables is addressed next. GEP is used to forecast relative load minima during nighttime and mid- day, and relative load maxima in the morning and evening. A different method is introduced to use GEP to forecast electric load for the next hour. These methods are verified against independent data for a year of daily load forecasts, and are compared against the operational load forecasts archived by BC Hydro, British Columbia’s largest electric utility company. Also, GEP is used to parametrize two non-iterative approximations for saturated pseudoadiabats (also known as moist adiabats). One approximation determines which moist adiabat passes through a point of known pressure and temperature, such as through the lifting condensation level on a skew- T or tephigram. The other approximation determines the air temperature at any pressure along a known moist adiabat, such as the final temperature of a rising cloudy air parcel. This work can be used to better predict cloudy convection in the atmosphere, which can cause hazardous wind gusts at wind turbines, and can drop heavy precipitation in hydroelectric watersheds.
A sub-40 mHz linewidth laser based on a silicon single-crystal optical cavity
Creators: name: Kessler, T.
name: Hagemann, C.
name: Grebing, C.
name: Legero, T.
name: Sterr, U.
name: Riehle, F.
name: Martin, M. J.
name: Chen, L.
name: Ye, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State-of-the-art optical oscillators based on lasers frequency stabilized to high finesse optical cavities are limited by thermal noise that causes fluctuations of the cavity length. Thermal noise represents a fundamental limit to the stability of an optical interferometer and plays a key role in modern optical metrology. We demonstrate a novel design to reduce the thermal noise limit for optical cavities by an order of magnitude and present an experimental realization of this new cavity system, demonstrating the most stable oscillator of any kind to date. The cavity spacer and the mirror substrates are both constructed from single crystal silicon and operated at 124 K where the silicon thermal expansion coefficient is zero and the silicon mechanical loss is small. The cavity is supported in a vibration-insensitive configuration, which, together with the superior stiffness of silicon crystal, reduces the vibration related noise. With rigorous analysis of heterodyne beat signals among three independent stable lasers, the silicon system demonstrates a fractional frequency stability of 1E-16 at short time scales and supports a laser linewidth of <40 mHz at 1.5 μm, representing an optical quality factor of 4E15.
Disaster Recovery: Guidance for Donors
Creators: name: Abramson, David M.
name: Culp, Derrin
name: Johnson, Laurie A.
name: Bertman, Lori J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Emergency management
Disaster relief
Disaster relief--Finance
Charities

description: This guidance paper goes above and beyond what donors can learn--or already have learned--from a handful of excellent guides developed by the philanthropic community since Hurricane Katrina. Much of this literature on "disaster philanthropy" has been directed at the most effective ways for donors and their agents to deliver assistance during unfolding crises and the immediate aftermath, and how donors and their agents can help provide food, water, clothing, shelter, sanitation, health care and self-governance for masses of displaced and traumatized people. Here, we discuss innovative and under-appreciated ways that donors can help American communities recover and rebuild resiliently from disasters. The goal is to give donors a fresh perspective on supporting local efforts not only to rebuild from disasters already sustained, but also to prepare to recover from potential disasters. In both cases, there are opportunities for donors to directly fund, or pool and leverage funds for a variety of recovery and rebuilding activities, programs and services.
Gonaxis denticulatus
Creators: name: Muratov, Igor V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Streptaxidae
Gonaxis
Gonaxis denticulatus

description: Gonaxis denticulatus (Dohrn, 1878)
Fig. 33
 Streptaxis denticulatus: Dohrn 1878: 152 (Mombasa, south-eastern Kenya; c. 7.0× 4.5 mm).
 A widespread, common East African species with a general distribution from Kenya to Mozambique. Found at eight stations inland. This species is smaller and has a less distorted axis than the preceding species. It differs from other similarly sized Gonaxis by the smooth shell with a strongly serrated suture.
 Dohrn had a quite unusual way of measuring distorted shells. He gave “Diam. maj. 7, min. 4½, alt. 3½ mill.” in the original description of denticulatus. Apparently, he let the shell lie down freely on the flat surface and measured the height of the shell above the surface, calling that measurement “alt.”, which corresponds to the minor diameter in modern terminology. Then his “diam. maj.” roughly corresponds to the height (being slightly larger) and “diam. min.” roughly corresponds to the major diameter (being slightly smaller). Thus, the size from the original description in modern terminology would be: height ~ 7 mm, diameter major ~ 4.5 mm and diameter minor – 3.5 mm. (This became apparent in the original description of the similarly sized but much stronger sculptured Streptaxis kirkii Dohrn, 1865, where he added the diameter of the aperture: “Diam. maj. 5/16, min. 3/16, alt. 3/16, apert. diam. 1/8 poll.” (Dohrn 1865: 232), which corresponds to: height – 7.94 mm, diameter major and minor – 4.76 mm, aperture diameter – 3.18 mm in modern terminology.)
 Surprisingly, von Martens (1897: 30, 32) copied the dimensions given by Dohrn into his comparison table, which is probably the reason why he listed separately the very similar Streptaxis ordinarius Smith, 1890. The latter species measures 6.5×4.0 mm in the original description (Smith 1890: 160, pl. 6, figs 2 and 2a) and was synonymised with Streptaxis denticulatus by Thiele (1911: 186), who apparently compared the types of both species.
 The similarly sized Gonaxis gibbonsi Taylor, 1877 (7.0× 4.4 mm) has a proportionally more elongated and slightly more distorted shell. G. cressyi Connolly, 1922 is smaller (6.2× 3.8 mm) and has slightly less distorted shell. G. mozambicensis (Smith, 1881) is slightly larger: 7.5× 4.5–4.8 mm (Smith 1881: 280, pl. 32, figs 6, 6a) but may prove to be a synonym of denticulatus.
description: Published as part of Muratov, Igor V., 2010, Terrestrial molluscs of Cabo Delgado and adjacent inland areas of north-eastern Mozambique, pp. 255 in African Invertebrates 51 (2) on page 272, DOI: 10.5733/afin.051.0203, http://zenodo.org/record/10268367
Spectral triplets, statistical mechanics and emergent geometry in non-commutative quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Scholtz, F. G.
name: Chakraborty, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that when non-commutative quantum mechanics is formulated on the Hilbert space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators (referred to as quantum Hilbert space) acting on a classical configuration space, spectral triplets as introduced by Connes in the context of non-commutative geometry arise naturally. A distance function as defined by Connes can therefore also be introduced. We proceed to give a simple and general algorithm to compute this function. Using this we compute the distance between pure and mixed states on quantum Hilbert space and demonstrate a tantalizing link between statistics and geometry.
description: 12 pages, no figures
title: Syrian Protestant College
title: Syrian Protestant College
Creators: name: Brand, Tylor
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: American University of Beirut
subject: American University of Beirut

description: The Syrian Protestant College (after 1920, the American University of Beirut) was one of the centers of the foreign community in Beirut at the time of the war. Because of its strong leadership and political maneuvering, the college was able to conduct relief programs while ensuring its ongoing operation during the war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Military Heritage Map: Southern Region - Map (Legacy 03-196)
Creators: name: R. Christopher Goodwin & Associates
Publisher: name: DoD Legacy Resource Management Program
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Southern Region
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/85405/southern-region
subject: United States
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/10460/united-states
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Non-Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/309/non-domestic-structures
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Department of Defense
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/123614/department-of-defense
subject: U.S. Army
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/13742/us-army
subject: U.S. Marine Corps
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/165597/us-marine-corps
subject: Military Heritage
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/165613/military-heritage
subject: U.S. Navy
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/14432/us-navy
subject: U.S. Air Force
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/1811/us-air-force
subject: Map
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/37460/map
subject: Historic Buildings
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/10151/historic-buildings
subject: military installations
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/159734/military-installations
subject: Southern Region
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/165929/southern-region
subject: Historic Sites
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/2108/historic-sites
subject: United States
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/142378/united-states
subject: Historic Background Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/18/historic-background-research

description: This map accompanies the guidebook that describes historic sites important to American military heritage.
title: Bliss, Howard S.
title: Bliss, Howard S.
Creators: name: Brand, Tylor
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Bliss, Howard S.

description: Howard Sweetser Bliss was the President of the Syrian Protestant College (SPC) during the war. His congenial relationship with Jamal Pasha helped to ensure the security of the college and American community throughout the war. At the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, he recommended consulting the occupants of the former Ottoman territories about which power they would prefer overseeing their Mandate.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
Fines and Fees in Flux: Exploring Changes in Municipal Violation Sentencing after Court Reform
Creators: name: Thompson, Kristina J.
name: Vaughn, Paige E.
name: Giuffre, Andrea
name: Huebner, Beth M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Monetary sanctions are a ubiquitous part of punishment in the criminal legal system. In recent years, highly publicized events have drawn attention to monetary sanctions at the intersection of poverty, race, and legal system contact. The current study uses Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models to assess monetary sanction reform legislation in St. Louis, Missouri – where the U.S. Department of Justice’s 2015 Ferguson Report implicated monetary sanctions practices as a contributing to tension between the community and the criminal legal system. We find that white defendants experienced an increase in the average amount of fines received (the punishment portion of the sentence), further, the implementation of the reform (modeled as a step function) was associated with increased fee assessments for those receiving monetary sanctions. Further, racial gaps in total assessments across Black and white residents remained, even as fees for Black defendants declined. Our findings highlight how policies can improve some parts of the criminal legal system yet remain insufficient to fully address their stated goals.
title: Literature (Belgium)
title: Literature (Belgium)
Creators: name: Schaepdrijver, Sophie De
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Belgien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Literatur
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Belgium
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Literature and the war

description: Belgium’s war literature, in both Dutch (Flemish) and in French, covers different war experiences: not just that of the front but also that of military occupation. Although none of it became canonical, it was a concerted effort to make sense of the war – or express bafflement. Front literature, like European combatant writings generally, moved from the heroic to the disillusioned mode. Postwar occupation literature, in contrast to 1920s historiography of the occupation, was steeped in cultural pessimism. Both genres, then, moved away from the tropes of glory of 1914-1915; but Belgian literature lacked the confidence, the coherence, and the audience to impose an alternative metanarrative.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The Relationship Between Gender Inequality and Female-Victim Intimate Partner Homicide in China: Amelioration, Backlash or Both?
Creators: name: Gu, Gloria Yuxuan
name: Zhong, Hua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: A debate existing in feminist and criminological literature is the plausible macro-level relationship between gender inequality and female-victim intimate partner homicide (FV-IPH). The amelioration hypothesis assumes the reduction of gender-based violence in more gender-egalitarian societies, while the backlash hypothesis anticipates that reducing gender inequality may actually increase males’ violence perpetration against women to maintain their dominance. A third theoretical account hypothesizes a curvilinear relationship that integrates the traditional theses and provides a possible explanation for some inconsistent findings. This study revisited and tested these three macro-level theoretical propositions using detailed incident information on 11,310 Chinese judgment documents of intentional homicides (2017-2019) and multidimensional gender inequality indices across provinces. By disentangling the incident-level effects from the aggregate-level forces, our models enable a more explicit estimation of the relationship between provincial gender inequality and FV-IPH. The results indicated that: 1) backlash processes are more likely to occur with increases in women’s empowerment; 2) the relationship between the degree of egalitarian gender ideology and men’s likelihood of committing FV-IPH conforms to an inverted U. Using an innovative Chinese big-data source and text-mining approach, this study represents a pioneering endeavor, as it furnishes robust empirical evidence to corroborate the curvilinear relationship between cultural gender inequality and FV-IPH in a non-Western context. The implications of our findings underscore the need for tailored policy interventions that take into account the nuanced dimensions of gender inequality, particularly those that are culture-related.
Towards Semi-Automated Annotation for Prepositional Phrase Attachment
Creators: name: Thadani, Kapil
name: Rosenthal, Sara
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Lipovsky, William
name: Andreas, Jacob
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper investigates whether high-quality annotations for tasks involving semantic disambiguation can be obtained without a major
investment in time or expense. We examine the use of untrained human volunteers from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk in disambiguating prepositional phrase (PP) attachment over sentences drawn from the Wall Street Journal corpus. Our goal is to compare the performance of these crowdsourced judgments to the annotations supplied by trained linguists for the Penn Treebank project in order to indicate the viability of this approach for annotation projects that involve contextual disambiguation. The results of our experiments show that
invoking majority agreement between multiple human workers can yield PP attachments with fairly high precision, conﬁrming that this crowdsourcing approach to syntactic annotation holds promise for the generation of training corpora in new domains and genres.
title: The Power of One: Women Helping Women in Big and Small Ways
title: Mi poder: mujeres ayudando a mujeres en maneras grandes y pequeñas
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Stawnychko, Leda
name: Valdivia, Erika
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2020
Subjects: Women
equity
violence
Mexico

description: Workshop presentation at the International Women's Day 2020 "An Equal World is an Enabled World" conference sponsored by the Werklund School of Education. The presentation highlights the authors' lived experiences and research addressing violence against women in Mexico.
Time-Efﬁcient Creation of an Accurate Sentence Fusion Corpus
Creators: name: Thadani, Kapil
name: Rosenthal, Sara
name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Moore, Coleman
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Computer science

description: Sentence fusion enables summarization and question-answering systems to produce output by combining fully formed phrases from
different sentences. Yet there is little data that can be used to develop and evaluate fusion techniques. In this paper, we present a methodology for collecting fusions of similar sentence pairs using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, selecting the input pairs in a semiautomated fashion. We evaluate the results using a novel technique for automatically selecting a representative sentence from multiple responses. Our approach allows for rapid construction of a high accuracy fusion corpus.
Visual perception in virtual reality and the application in sports
Creators: name: Pastel, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biomechanik
subject: Bewegungslehre
subject: Sportwissenschaft
subject: 600

description: Virtual reality (VR) has become an interesting tool in many research fields, and benefits have already emerged. Thus, in recent years VR is also being used in sport science and sports practice. With this, controversial results and often existing preliminary study designs make it hard to explain why differences in user’s actions still occur within VR compared to real-world (RW) conditions. One of the reasons might be the artificial presentation of the virtual environment leading to differences since VR does not fully measure up with natural conditions. Hereby, the most stimulated sense within VR is the visual one, although others can be stimulated. Accordingly, the question is whether differences in user’s visual perception occur within virtual environments and how this may affect the users’ actions. Therefore, more research should be done to address this problem and narrow down the influencing factors. In the current work, basic skills in VR are compared with those from RW to recognize more specific differences and recommend how VR can be used nowadays within the sports sector, also enabling transferable performances. Hereby, the focus is predominantly comparing the visual perception between the conditions (RW and VR). The comparisons relate to 1) the measurement quality of gaze behavior on static and dynamic visual stimuli, 2) the spatial orientation including distance estimations, route recreation, and actively walking tasks and 3) the completion of motoric tasks (balancing, grasping, and throwing) accompanied with different body visualization types to examine which body parts need to be visualized during the VR experience to fulfill adequate performances. Summarized, there occur marginally differences within the parameter collected in both conditions. For the gaze behavior, less precision is provided of the integrated Eye-Tracking system in the head-mounted display. Furthermore, the participants could not observe the dynamic stimuli in VR as accurately as in RW (p<.05). Within the spatial orientation, only in route recreation has been found an impact in VR, however, the actual task demand was equally fulfilled. Examining the body visualization, the worst performance occurred when no body was visualized during task completion. However, the remaining body visualization types did not significantly impact participants’ performance, so whole-body visualization is not essential for completing motor tasks in VR. Overall, the participants’ performances are comparable to those from RW. Although slight differences have been shown in VR in terms of longer movement execution time and increased subjective estimation of tasks’ difficulties during the motoric tasks, there are no limitations affecting participants’ performances within basic skills. Further investigations could reveal whether VR can already serve as an additional or alternative training tool in sports.
title: Making Sense of the War (Belgium)
title: Making Sense of the War (Belgium)
Creators: name: Schaepdrijver, Sophie De
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Belgien
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Besatzung [Militär]
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Belgium
subject: Military occupation

description: Belgium’s war experience was ''sui generis''. The vast majority of Belgians experienced the war neither at the front nor on the home front, but under German occupation. The article analyzes the range of ways in which the occupied population made sense of the war. It examines the emergence, at the start of 1915, of the idea that life under occupation constituted a war effort in itself. It then examines how this conceit fared over the next four years. It does so through private diaries, which offer a nuanced view of the range of responses to the occupation.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Overcoming Inefficiency in Public Procurement: An OpenData Approach
Creators: name: Klassen, Gerhard
name: Palombo, Raphael
name: Bauer, Luca T.
name: Niehaves, Björn
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: OpenData
subject: Procurement
subject: Machine Learning
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: This paper discusses the need for an OpenData platform with data-based services to ad- dress the challenges facing the public procurement market. In the last 15 years, public procurement has doubled and now accounts for 15% of GDP. However, there is a shortage of skilled workers, and many tenders are still created manually. By leveraging advanced technologies such as machine learning and predictive analytics, we aim to improve the eﬀiciency and effectiveness of public pro- curement. Our paper highlights the urgent need for a data-driven approach to public procurement and presents our plans for an OpenData platform that can deliver significant benefits to both the public sector and private enterprises.
Massless Scalar Field Vacuum in de Sitter Spacetime
Creators: name: Page, Don N.
name: Wu, Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a spacetime with compact spatial sections, de Sitter spacetime does not have a de Sitter-invariant ground state for a minimally-coupled massless scalar field that gives definite expectation values for any observables not invariant under constant shifts of the field. However, if one restricts to observables that are shift invariant, as the action is, then there is a unique vacuum state. Here we calculate the shift-invariant four-point function that is the vacuum expectation value of the product of the difference of the field values at one pair of points and of the difference of the field values at a second pair of points. We show that this vacuum expectation value obeys a cluster-decomposition property of vanishing in the limit that the one pair of points is moved arbitrarily far from the other pair. We also calculate the shift-invariant correlation of the gradient of the scalar field at two different points and show that it also obeys a cluster-decomposition property. Possible relevance to a putative de Sitter-invariant quantum state for gravity is discussed.
description: 24 pages, LaTeX, revised to include clarification, Euclidean construction, and imaginary terms, and now further discussion of relations to previous work, and more references (now 40)
title: Community and Training in NFDI4DS
Creators: name: Lorenz, Anna-Lena
name: Christoforaki, Maria
name: Hennig, Christine
name: Kraft, Angelie
name: von Maltzan, Stephanie
name: Schimmler, Sonja
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: NFDI
subject: NFDI4DS
subject: Community
subject: Training
subject: Requirements Engineering
subject: ELSA

description: Key to NFDI4DS’s success is an active and vibrant community as establishing a common data culture and practice relies on the community’s participation and acceptance. We address this challenge by leveraging the network of NFDI4DS partners to raise awareness for topics around FAIR data and establish international standards. By identifying requirements, we improve our services and develop new strategies for building and finding user communities.
What's yours and what's mine: Determining intellectual attribution in scientific text
Creators: name: Teufel, Simone
name: Moens, Marc
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Information technology
Computer science

description: We believe that identifying the structure of scientific argumentation in articles can help in tasks such as automatic summarization or the automated construction of citation indexes. One particularly important aspect of this structure is the question of who a given scientific statement is attributed to: other researchers, the field in general, or the authors themselves.
title: Pre-war Military Planning (Russian Empire)
title: Pre-war Military Planning (Russian Empire)
Creators: name: Sergeev, Evgenii Iur’evich
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Russland
subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Vorgeschichte
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Russia
subject: World War, 1914-1918--Causes

description: This paper is devoted to the main stages and areas of military planning in Russia on the eve of WWI which led to a compromise between supporters of defensive and offensive strategies in 1912. Among the key factors considered by officers of the Russian General Staff were the geostrategic space, the time required for general mobilization and the numbers of troops to be concentrated along the North-Western, South-Western and Caucasian fronts.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
title: Vorbetrachtung zur Entwicklung einer Analysesoftware zur Auswertung von videografierten Beschuldigtenvernehmungen im Strafermittlungsverfahren
Creators: name: Kellermann, Stefan
name: Labudde, Dirk
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Vernehmung
subject: Videographie
subject: Bilderkennung

description: Die videographische Aufzeichnung von (Beschuldigten-) Vernehmungen gewinnt in Deutschland zunehmend an Bedeutung für das Strafermittlungsverfahren. Ziel ist anhand der Aufzeichnungen das normengerechte Zustandekommen der Aussagen der Befragten für alle Ver- fahrensbeteiligten nachvollziehen zu können. In den letzten Jahren hat der Gesetzgeber die gesetz- lichen Vorschriften zur verpflichtenden Aufzeichnung von Beschuldigtenvernehmungen in be- stimmten Fallkonstellationen erweitert. Mithilfe der Bild-/Tonaufnahmen ergeben sich umfangrei- che Möglichkeiten zur qualitativen Analyse. Eine technische Lösung zur Umsetzung der Analyse könnte, neben der Überprüfung der Einhaltung rechtlicher Vorgaben, als Evaluationsinstrument für das noch nicht abgeschlossene Ermittlungsverfahren sowie im Rahmen der Aus- und Fortbil- dung von Befragenden unterstützend Anwendung finden. Es wird die konzeptionelle Entwicklung einer Software vorgestellt, die anhand einer Kombination aus linguistischer und Bildanalyse Vide- oaufzeichnungen auswertet.
title: The Everyday as Involved in War
title: The Everyday as Involved in War
Creators: name: Proctor, Tammy M.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Alltag
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: War and society

description: This essay examines how the "everyday" functions in war, not only for those on the home fronts, but for those in combat roles and for those living between the lines. Five important qualities, among others, shape the everyday in World War I: Waiting, Staying Connected, Food and Shelter, Managing Fear, and Camaraderie. Each of these themes plays out at the homes of those left behind, in the camps of civilian and military prisoners, in occupied zones, and at the fronts.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
The abundance, origin and phylogeny of plants : effects on natural enemies and implications for plant coexistence in grasslands
Creators: name: Schmidt, Robin
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 570

description: In theory, species coexistence is supposed to be maintained by the effects of equalizing mechanisms and stabilizing mechanisms. However, we still lack a conclusive body of empirical studies on the contribution of coexistence mechanisms in ecological communities. In my thesis I aimed to investigate the role of interactions between plants and their natural enemies and how these interactions influence species coexistence in natural and experimental grassland communities of different origins, phylogeny and abundances of individual community members. Combining an observational study with manipulative experiments, I found evidence for the presence of stabilizing mechanisms and thereby maintenance of species diversity. However, this evidence was not linked to interactions between plants and their natural enemies and did not differ among native and exotic species. Natural enemy communities showed no response to (changes in) abundance of host plants and plant phylogeny.
description: In der Theorie wird angenommen, dass die Koexistenz von Arten durch die Wirkung von egalisierenden und stabilisierenden Mechanismen aufrechterhalten wird. Es gibt jedoch noch keine schlüssigen empirischen Studien über den Beitrag von Koexistenzmechanismen in ökologischen Gemeinschaften. In meiner Dissertation habe ich untersucht, welche Rolle die Interaktionen zwischen Pflanzen und ihren natürlichen Feinden spielen und wie diese Interaktionen die Koexistenz von Arten in natürlichen und experimentellen Graslandgemeinschaften unterschiedlicher Herkunft, Phylogenie und Häufigkeit einzelner Gemeinschaftsmitglieder, beeinflussen. Durch die Kombination einer Beobachtungsstudie mit manipulativen Experimenten fand ich Hinweise auf das Vorhandensein stabilisierender Mechanismen und damit auf die Erhaltung der Artenvielfalt. Diese Beweise standen jedoch nicht im Zusammenhang mit den Interaktionen zwischen Pflanzen und ihren natürlichen Feinden und unterschieden sich nicht zwischen einheimischen und exotischen Arten. Die Gemeinschaften der natürlichen Feinde reagierten nicht auf die (veränderte) Abundanz der Wirtspflanzen und die Phylogenie der Pflanzen.
Why Public Access to Data is So Important (and why getting the policy right is even more so)
Creators: name: Stodden, Victoria C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Information technology
Communication of technical information

description: Open data is crucial to science today. Computation is becoming central to scientific research. “Open Data” is not well-defined. Scope: Share data and code that permit others in the field to replicate published results. (traditionally done by the publication alone).
Clinical Maintenance of Potential Donor and Eligible Donor of Organs and Tissues in Brain Death: An Integrative Review
Creators: name: Junior, Marcos Antonio Ferreira
name: Elenir Rose Jardim Cury
name: De Queiroz-Cardoso, Andréia Insabralde
name: Da Silva, Aline Moraes
name: De Souza Baratto, Leonardo
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Transplantation
subject: Clinical protocols
subject: Brain death
subject: Tissue and organ procurement
subject: Critical Care

description: This integrative review intend: Summarize studies that report the clinical management of potential donors and eligible donors in brain death.
title: Learning with ALeA: Tailored experiences through annotated course material
Creators: name: Kruse, Theresa
name: Berges, Marc
name: Betzendahl, Jonas
name: Kohlhase, Michael
name: Lohr, Dominic
name: Müller, Dennis
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik e.V.
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: learning assistant
subject: self-learning
subject: learning analytics
subject: adaptive learning

description: We present ALeA, an adaptive learning assistant for university courses. The intelligent tutoring system (ITS) provides services for both learners and instructors, based on semantically annotated course material. The system can generate learning tools like flashcards, guided tours, and quizzes, which can be tailored to individual learning progress. Currently, the system is only available for courses from the field of computer science, like artificial intelligence. We plan to expand it for further courses from different fields.
Postdoctoral scholars' perspectives about professional learning and development: a concurrent mixed-methods study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2020

description: Postdoctoral scholars pursue diverse career paths requiring broad skill sets; however, little is known about postdoctoral scholars’ perspectives about their professional learning, and development needs. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to identify current professional learning and development opportunities used by postdoctoral scholars to obtain the required broad skills sets of value for a changing career landscape. A concurrent mixed-methods design was utilized including a cross sectional survey and qualitative interviews. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis; quantitative and qualitative findings were then triangulated for convergent themes. Key findings indicate that although postdoctoral scholars engage in a variety of professional learning, the perceived usefulness of these sessions varies widely, and the types of professional learning and development that they engage in, may not best support the realities of their future careers. Given the significant resources often required to support professional learning and development initiatives, a deeper understanding and alignment of postdoctoral scholars needs with provided opportunities may help to ensure scarce resources are invested in the most useful and effective strategies.
Systematics in the Interpretation of Aggregated Neutrino Flux Limits and Flavor Ratios from Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Baerwald, Philipp
name: Hümmer, Svenja
name: Winter, Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray burst analyses at neutrino telescopes are typically based on diffuse or stacked (i.e., aggregated) neutrino fluxes, because the number of events expected from a single burst is small. The interpretation of aggregated flux limits implies new systematics not present for a single burst, such as by the integration over parameter distributions (diffuse fluxes), or by the low statistics in small burst samples (stacked fluxes). We simulate parameter distributions with a Monte Carlo method computing the spectra burst by burst, as compared to a conventional Monte Carlo integration. With this approach, we can predict the behavior of the flux in the diffuse limit as well as in low statistics stacking samples, such as used in recent IceCube data analyses. We also include the flavor composition at the detector (ratio between muon tracks and cascades) into our considerations. We demonstrate that the spectral features, such as a characteristic multi-peak structure coming from photohadronic interactions, flavor mixing, and magnetic field effects, are typically present even in diffuse neutrino fluxes if only the redshift distribution of the sources is considered, with z \simeq 1 dominating the neutrino flux. On the other hand, we show that variations of the Lorentz boost can only be interpreted in a model-dependent way, and can be used as a model discriminator. For example, we illustrate that the observation of spectral features in aggregated fluxes will disfavor the commonly used assumption that bursts with small Lorentz factors dominate the neutrino flux, whereas it will be consistent with the hypothesis that the bursts have similar properties in the comoving frame.
description: 46 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables. Minor corrections in Sec. 3.3 (Gamma dependence of model FB-D). Fixed some typos
On-the-fly Topic Adaptation for YouTube Video Transcription
Creators: name: Thadani, Kapil
name: Biadsy, Fadi
name: Bikel, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Computer science

description: Automatic closed-captioning of video is a useful application of speech recognition technology but poses numerous challenges when applied to open-domain user-uploaded videos such as those on YouTube. In this work, we explore a strategy to improve decoding accuracy for video transcription by decoding each video with a language model (LM) adapted specifically to the topics that the video covers. Taxonomic topic classifiers are used to determine the topic content of videos and to build a large set of topic-specific LMs from web documents. We consider strategies for selecting and interpolating LMs in both supervised and unsupervised scenarios in a two-pass lattice rescoring framework. Experiments on a YouTube video corpus show a 3.6 absolute reduction in WER over generic single-pass transcriptions as well as a statistically significant 0.8 absolute improvement over rescoring with a very large non-adapted LM built from all the documents.
Stochastic characterization of discrete fractures in rocks by hydraulic tomography
Creators: name: Ringel, Lisa Maria
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 550

description: In this thesis, a new approach for the characterization of fractured sites with hydraulic tomography is developed and tested. The inversion is accomplished by a stochastic method based on the Bayesian equation that defines a posterior distribution of discrete fracture network parameters given the measured data. The developed inversion approach is evaluated with several synthetic test cases that demonstrate the applicability of the method in general and the sensitivity of the inversion results to variable tomographic setups. Moreover, the method is applied to the inversion of hydraulic tomography experiments conducted at the Grimsel Test Site in Switzerland. Flow, seismic, and ground penetrating radar tests identified a highly fractured and most permeable area between two shear zones which is the target of the inversion. The fracture probability map of the investigated zone highlights two preferential flow paths with different levels of permeability.
description: In dieser Arbeit wird ein neuer Ansatz für die Charakterisierung von diskreten Kluftnetzwerken mit hydraulischer Tomographie entwickelt. Die Inversion erfolgt durch ein stochastisches Verfahren, das auf der Bayes'schen Gleichung basiert, die eine Posterior-Verteilung der Parameter des diskreten Kluftnetzwerks in Abhängigkeit von den gemessenen Daten definiert. Mehrere synthetische Testfälle zeigen die grundsätzliche Anwendbarkeit des Inversionsverfahrens. Darüber hinaus wird die Methode auf die Inversion von hydraulischen Tomographieexperimenten angewendet, die am Grimsel-Testgelände in der Schweiz durchgeführt wurden. Strömungsmessungen, Seismik und Bodenradaruntersuchungen identifizierten einen hochgradig geklüfteten und höchst durchlässigen Bereich zwischen zwei Scherzonen. Die Charakterisierung dieses Bereichs ist das Ziel der Inversion. Die Auswertung der Kluftwahrscheinlichkeiten in dem untersuchten Bereich zeigt zwei bevorzugte Fließwege mit unterschiedlichen Permeabilitäten.
title: Bernard Studer, 1794-1887
title: [Nekrolog ] : [von Rudolf Wolf]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wolf, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1887
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf

description: In: Notizen zur schweizerische Kulturgeschichte, 381
description: Sonderdruck aus: Neue Zürcher Zeitung 1887, 27.V.
title: Transportation and Logistics
title: Transportation and Logistics
Creators: name: Brown, Ian M.
Publisher: name: BSB - Bavarian State Library
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Weltkrieg [1914-1918]
subject: Logistik
subject: World War, 1914-1918
subject: Logistics

description: The Great War witnessed mass armies battling with modern, quick-firing weapons systems and using consumables of all kinds - ammunition, food, water, soldiers - at rates that had not been seen before. The logisticians of all armies created the administrative and infrastructure support that allowed the Great War to become the first truly modern industrial war.
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War
description: 1914-1918-Online International Encyclopedia of the First World War