cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Drepanognathus
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Drepanognathus

description: Genus 2. DREPANOGNATHUS.
Harpegnathos, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 103 (1851) (nec Wesm. Col. 1834); Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 100.
Head elongate; eyes lateral, large, ovate and placed forward on the head, touching the base of the mandibles; the mandibles one-third longer than the head, bent, and curving upwards; their inner edge serrated, armed beneath, near their base, with a stout tooth; the antennae placed forward on the head. Thorax twice the length of the head; the prothorax swollen at the sides, the sides of meso- and metathorax parallel. The peduncle incrassate; the apical margin of the first segment of the abdomen constricted.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 81
Polycarpa argentata
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Polycarpa
Polycarpa argentata

description: Polycarpa argentata (Sluiter, 1890)
#3799B, black warty tunic, heavily overgrown by Botrylloides sp. (#3799A), anemones, and barnacles; 5.5 cm long x 3.5 cm wide in tunic. V shaped dorsal tubercle. Single very large endocarp in gut curve. Anus with many short rounded lobes. Dark brown body wall with numerous small very dark gonads.
#3827B, one large, 5 cm x 5 cm in tunic but longer than wide out of tunic.
Widely distributed in the tropical west Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Vietnam, Guam, Palau, Australia, Gilbert & Marshall Is., New Caledonia, Mozambique.
References with detailed descriptions and illustrations: Tokioka (1950, 1970 as P. iwayamae n.sp.), Kott (1985), Monniot C. (1987b, 2002), Monniot F. & Monniot C. (1996), Monniot F. (2010), Lee et al. (2013). Other references: Monniot F. & Monniot C. (2001), Lambert (2003), Kott (2008), Lee et al. (2016).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Drepanognathus cruentatus
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Drepanognathus
Drepanognathus cruentatus

description: 2. Drepanognathus cruentatus. B.M.
Worker. Length 6 1/2 lines.-Head, thorax and peduncle of the abdomen red; the antennae, mandibles and legs pale rufotestaceous. The head, thorax and abdominal peduncle coarsely granulated; the ocelli in triangle, approximate, placed about the middle of the head. The abdomen smooth and shining, about two-thirds of the length of the thorax; the first segment strongly punctured at the base, the following with a few scattered delicate punctures, the apical margins narrowly testaceous.
Hab. Hong Kong.
Mr. J. C. Bowring informs me that this species has the power of making surprising leaps,-a fact also mentioned by Jerdon in his description of the Indian species.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 82
Polyandrocarpa rollandi Tokioka 1961
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Polyandrocarpa
Polyandrocarpa rollandi

description: Polyandrocarpa rollandi Tokioka, 1961 NEW RECORD
Figure 8E, F; Figure 9 A–C
#2655A, colony 7.5 cm across. Tunic pale reddish, almost completely covered with fine whitish sediment. Zooids embedded in common tunic, only the separate siphons emergent. Small tubercles around edge of siphons. In the living colony the siphon lining has red striping. A large zooid out of tunic 3 cm long with wide gut loop, many narrow plications on stomach, no caecum. Rectum very long, anus with 14 rounded lobes but also bilobed. Gonads six on left, 34 on right, very loosely attached to body wall, elongate and sausage shaped. No endocarps in gut loop or body wall. With small Pyura curvigona Tokioka, 1950 (#2655B) embedded in colony (see Fig. 11E).
Distribution: New Caledonia, Majuro, Australia, Hawaii.
Detailed references with illustrations: Kott (1985 as P. sagamiensis), Monniot C. (1987b), Abbott et al. (1997 as P. sagamiensis). Additional reference: Nishikawa (1984).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Drepanognathus saltator
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Drepanognathus
Drepanognathus saltator

description: 1. Drepanognathus saltator. Pl. V. figs. 18, 19.
Harpegnathos saltator, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. (1851) 116; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. 2nd ser. xiii. 100.
"Worker: head long and granulated; jaws with a strong tooth near the base pointing downwards and inwards, and thence gradually tapering to the tip, and finely serrated, 1/6 of an inch long; thorax barely grooved; abdominal pedicle small, low, ovate; abdomen very long; sting large; head and abdomen blackishbrown; thorax and legs rufous. Length 3/4 of an inch.
" I have given it the name of saltator from its power of making most surprising jumps, which it does when alarmed or disturbed. It is very pugnacious, and bites and stings severely. It makes its nest underground, generally about the roots of some plant. Its society does not consist of many individuals. It appears to feed on insects, which it seizes alive."-(Jerdon.)
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 82
Influence of the central-to-peripheral arterial stiffness gradient on the timing and amplitude of wave reflections.
Creators: name: Hickson, Stacey S
name: Nichols, Wilmer W
name: , Yasmin
name: McDonnell, Barry J
name: Cockcroft, John R
name: Wilkinson, Ian B
name: McEniery, Carmel M
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Year: 2016
Subjects: Aged
Aorta
Arm
Blood Pressure
Carotid Arteries
Female
Femoral Artery
Humans
Leg
Male
Middle Aged
Pulsatile Flow
Pulse Wave Analysis
Vascular Stiffness

description: In individuals with compliant aortas, peripheral muscular artery stiffness exceeds central elastic artery stiffness. With aging, central stiffness increases with little change in peripheral stiffness, resulting in a reversal of the normal stiffness gradient. This reversal may reduce the wave reflection amplitude due to the movement of the major 'effective' reflection site further from the heart. To test this phenomenon, we investigated the relationship among arterial stiffness gradients (normal and reversed), wave reflection amplitude and reflection site distance. Subjects aged ⩾50 years were recruited from the Anglo-Cardiff Collaborative Trial. Central stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV). In Study 1, peripheral PWV was also measured in the arm (carotid-radial pulse wave velocity) and, in Study 2, in the leg (femoral-dorsalis pedis). Reflection site distance was calculated from cfPWV and the reflected wave Tr. Subjects were dichotomized into those with a normal stiffness gradient (peripheral >central PWV) or a reversed gradient (peripheral
A Climate-Neutral Smart City District Supported by Digital Solutions
Creators: name: Elberzhager, Frank
name: Hupp, Steffen
name: Polst, Svenja
name: Stüpfert, Phil
name: Surmann, Arne
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2024
Subjects: Decentralized Energy System
digitalization
Smart Home

description: The digital transformation is able to support a climate-neutral smart city district in various ways. We have focused on the users living in such a smart city district and have developed concepts and concrete solutions. In this chapter, we give an idea of the technical background and provide several examples from different domains, such as mobility, energy, and smart home. We discuss the challenges we encountered and how we solved them.
Polycarpa aurita
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Polycarpa
Polycarpa aurita

description: Polycarpa aurita (Sluiter, 1890)
Figure 9D
#4653, two small specimens, larger one 3.6 cm in height to tip of oral siphon. Tunic off-white to light tan, irregularly furrowed and lumpy, covered with sediment and epibionts. Narrow red line around rim of both siphons, black stripes on outside of siphons and white striping on the inside. Oral siphon at anterior end, atrial siphon posterior, about one third of the body length. Thick branchial trabeculae strongly anchor the branchial sac to the body wall.
Distribution: China, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Japan, New Caledonia, Truk, Australia, Arabia, Guam, Hawaii, Belize (introduced).
References with detailed descriptions and illustrations: Kott (1985), Monniot C. (1987b), Nishikawa (1991), Abbott et al. (1997), Lee et al. (2013). Other references: Nishikawa (1984), Kott (1990), Lambert (2003), Rocha et al. (2012), Lee et al. (2016).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Polycarpa captiosa
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Polycarpa
Polycarpa captiosa

description: Polycarpa captiosa (Sluiter, 1885)
Figure 9E, F; Figure 10A
Tunic usually a lumpy white. Siphons with brown or blackish and white stripes, thin red line around the edge of the siphons out of the tunic. Siphons and body wall after preservation in formalin mostly dark brown. Atrial siphon in posterior third of specimens. Dorsal ganglion makes prominent yellow bump on body wall midway between siphons. Prepharyngeal groove narrow, long; dorsal tubercle also long and narrow with several openings mostly in anteroposterior direction. Many endocarps scattered over the body wall, several long paddle-like ones in the gut loop, and long ones projecting into the atrial opening as described by Monniot F. & Monniot C. (1996). Entire body wall with dense horizontal musculature as drawn by Tokioka (1950) for P. papillata Sluiter, 1885. Stomach long, many grooves; anus with many short rounded lobes.
#0167, several large individuals, fouling; #0170, fouling.
#1210, length 6 cm in tunic, 5.4 cm out of tunic. Gonads elongate, attached at proximal end, eight on left side, 16 on right.
#1224, about 4 cm long out of tunic to tip of oral siphon. A couple red patches at posterior end of body wall on right side. Oral tentacles few and brown with space between each. Branchial sac missing the posterior part. Gonads small but elongate, six on the right side, none on the left; probably immature. A few oocytes, testes irregularly lobed as in Tokioka (1950).
# 2582, specimen 3.3 cm long in tunic, 2.5 cm long out of tunic. Digestive organs eviscerated along with the posterior part of the left branchial sac.
#2641B, two large specimens; branchial sac and gut loop are eviscerated.
#3875, juvenile 2.5 cm long to siphon tip x 1.4 cm wide. No gonads.
Distribution: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Palau, Marianas Is., Australia.
References with detailed descriptions and illustrations: Tokioka (1950), Millar (1975), Monniot F. & Monniot C. (1996, 2001, 2008); Lee et al. (2013). Other references: Kott (1985, erroneously synonymized under P. papillata; see Monniot F. & Monniot C. 2001), Lee et al. (2016).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on pages 22-25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Polycarpa captiosa
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Polycarpa
Polycarpa captiosa

description: Polycarpa cf. captiosa
#1208, pink juvenile. Peripharyngeal groove long, fairly narrow. Dorsal tubercle a long, narrow V. Not many primary oral tentacles, though including small ones about 27. Siphons dark, rest of body wall light. Dorsal ganglion very protuberant on outside of body as described by Tokioka (1950). Endocarps numerous, scattered over entire body wall. Curve of gut short, closed, anus with many short rounded lobes. No gonads.
#1242, juvenile, 23 mm long, 10 mm wide measured across siphons in tunic. Dorsal ganglion protuberant between siphons. Has numerous small white patches on surface of body as in #1208. Single row of elongate sausage shaped gonads, 10 on left side, 14 on right side. Two tiny reddish stolidobranchs attached to tunic, Polycarpa sp. and a Microcosmus sp.
#4642, red juvenile on edge of rock, attached by entire left or ventral side; 18mm long x 9mm wide in tunic. Tunic thin, fragile, especially on attached left side. Atrial siphon in posterior third of body. Stomach long, furrowed, running anteroposteriorly. Series of small globular gonads developing in body wall.
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Drepanognathus venator
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Drepanognathus
Drepanognathus venator

description: 3. Drepanognathus venator. B.M.
Worker. Length 6 1/2 lines.-Exactly similar in form to cruentatus, but with the head, thorax and abdomen black; the legs and mandibles pale rufo-testaceous, the femora and tibiae with dusky lines outside. Abdomen finely granulated and opake.
Hab. Madras.
This species very closely resembles cruentatus, but the joints of the antennae are much shorter, and the abdomen is granulated, the base being coarsely punctured. Whether either of the two species last described is the saltator of Jerdon it is impossible to determine satisfactorily; he says, "abdomen very long; sting large; head and abdomen blackish-brown; thorax and legs rufous." The abdomen in both of the new species is short.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 82
Ponera contracta
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera contracta

description: 1. Ponera contracta. Pl. VI. figs. 9-12. B.M.
Formica contracta, Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 195. t. 7. f. 40.
Fabr. Syst. Piez. 410. 58.
Ponera contracta, Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. 128.
St. Farg. Hym. i. 195. 8.
Steph. Ill. Brit. Ent. Supp. 15. t. 42. f. 2.
Foerst. Hym. Stud. Form. 45.
Schenck, Nass. Ameis. 72.
Smith, Brit. Form. 113.
Mayr. Form. Austr. 116.
Nyland. Form. Fr. et Alger. 75. 1.
Hab. Europe; Madeira.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 83
Polycarpa olitoria
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Polycarpa
Polycarpa olitoria

description: Polycarpa cf. olitoria (Sluiter, 1890)
Figure 10B, C
#0154, 5 cm in length. About eight stigmata per mesh. Circular and longitudinal muscles extend all the way to the posterior end on both sides. Stomach folds long and sinuous as described by Kott (1985). Ten rectal lobes, long and fingerlike. Thirteen gonads on the left all anterior to the gut, 24 on the right.
#0171, thin red line around edge of siphons, more noticeable when body removed from tunic. Small siphonal spines visible, as described by Kott (1985). Long thin atrial tentacles at base of atrial siphon. Missing branchial sac and gut.
#4645, 3 cm long. Gonads not fully mature.
#4646, two pale reddish specimens, larger one 5 cm in length. Atrial siphon about halfway to posterior end. Small siphonal spines visible. Short peduncle at posterior end of body visible only when removed from tunic.
Distribution: Australia, Indonesia, Singapore.
References: Kott (1985), Monniot C. (2002 in discussion of P. madagascariensis), Lee et al. (2013 for details on differences from Kott’s 1985 description; 2016).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Polycarpa papillata Sluiter 1885
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Polycarpa
Polycarpa papillata

description: Polycarpa papillata Sluiter, 1885
Figure 10D
#3796, single individual about 7 cm in length. White tunic with the typical irregular red patches especially around the siphons. Oral siphon at anterior end, atrial siphon a short distance posterior. All characters agree with detailed description in Lee et al. (2013).
Widely distributed in the tropical west Pacific: Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Madagastar, Solomon and Marianas Is., Palau, Mozambique, Somalia, Australia, Ponape, Majuro, Guam.
References with detailed descriptions and illustrations: Tokioka (1970), Millar (1975), Kott (1985), Monniot F. & Monniot C. (2001), Lee et al. (2013). Other references: Nishikawa (1984), Millar (1988), Monniot C. & Monniot F. (1991), Lambert (2003), Lee et al. (2016).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 25, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Ponera
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera

description: Genus 3. PONERA.
Formica, pt., Latr. Hist. Nat. Fourm. 195 (1802).
Ponera, Latr. Gen. Crust, et Ins. iv. 128 (1804).
Maxillary palpi 2-jointed (in the European species): 4-jointed (in most exotic ones); the labial palpi 2-jointed; ocelli obsolete in the workers; eyes present in all the sexes (in the European species the workers are destitute of eyes). The scale of the petiole thickened, nodifera, the first segment of the abdomen more or less constricted. Females and workers furnished with a sting. Anterior wings with one marginal, two complete submarginal cells, and one discoidal cell.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 83
Polycarpa papillata Heller 1877
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Polycarpa

description: Polycarpa c f. papillata
#4619, juvenile.
#4650, 3.4 cm in length, 2.2 cm in width, attached to rubble. Tunic completely white; thin red line around edge of both siphons. Atrial siphon in anterior third of body; siphons aim away from each other. Dense longitudinal and circular muscles extend to posterior end of body. Oral tentacles very densely crowded, numerous, as described by Kott (1985). Dorsal tubercle slightly inrolled. Missing branchial sac, gut and intestine. Endocarps over entire body wall, 18 gonads on the left, 22 on the right, loosely attached along their side; red line down the middle of each. In mature gonads the colorless sperm ducts join to a central one with a single opening by the oviducal opening. According to Kott (1985), young P. papillata often do not have red on the tunic.
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Ponera quadrinotata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera quadrinotata

description: 2. Ponera quadrinotata.
Ponera quadrinotata, Losana, Form. Piem. 320. Mayr. Form. Austr. 117 (note). Nyland. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 76 (note).
Hab. Europe.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 83
Styela canopus
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Styela
Styela canopus

description: Styela canopus (Savigny, 1816)
Figure 10E
Specimens rarely more than 2 cm in length; siphons sometimes blackish, with reddish mottled and striped lining. Oral siphon at anterior end, atrial siphon a short distance behind. Siphonal lining with minute flattened and pointed spines or scales about 15 µm long by 11.5 µm wide at base which continue on the tunic surface outside the siphons (see Kott 1985). Dorsal tubercle a rounded U, opening anteriorly; ganglion directly posterior to dorsal tubercle. Numerous endocarps on body wall and on the gut loop. Two elongate gonads per side.
#0154B, two gonads per side though only one visible on each side in Fig. 10E. One gammarid amphipod in branchial sac.
#3784A, small, about 8 mm long x 10 mm wide in warty tunic. Twenty-nine oral tentacles. Anus with about a dozen rounded lobes. One small immature gonad visible on each side.
#3827C, four small specimens on a Polycarpa argentata.
#3850B, small, 1.7 cm across, but with large gonads.
Worldwide distribution: China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, W. Indian Ocean, Okinawa, Marquesas Is., Japan, Palau, Guam, French Polynesia, Galápagos, Hawaii, southern California, Australia, New Caledonia, Majuro, Bahrain, Red Sea, S. Africa, West Indies, Martinique, SE U.S., Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean, Brazil, Mediterranean.
Detailed references with illustrations: Van Name (1945, as S. partita (Stimpson, 1852)), Millar (1975), Tokioka & Nishikawa (1975), Kott & Goodbody (1982), Kott (1985), Nishikawa (1991), Abbott et al. (1997), Monniot C. et al. (2001), Monniot F. (2012, 2018b), Lee et al. (2013). Other references: Nishikawa (1984), Monniot C. (1983b, 1988, 2002), Monniot C. et al. (1985), Monniot C & Monniot F. (1987, 1994, 1997), Zheng (1995), Lambert (2002, 2003, 2019), Monniot F. & Monniot C. (2001, 2003), Lambert et al. (2005), Rocha & Kremer (2005), Rocha et al. (2005, 2012), Lee et al. (2016).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Ponera ochracea
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera ochracea

description: 3. Ponera ochracea.
Ponera ochracea, Mayr. Form. Austr. 118. Nyland. Form. Fr. et d'Alger. 76 (note).
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 83
Optimizing Financial Data Governance for Improved Risk Management and Regulatory Reporting in Data Lakes
Creators: name: Pappil Kothandapani, Hariharan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 460501
subject: Data engineering and data science
classificationCode: 460504
subject: Data quality
classificationCode: 350208
subject: Investment and risk management
classificationCode: 460505
subject: Database systems

description: The financial services industry increasingly relies on data lakes to manage vast quantities of diverse data for insights, risk management, and regulatory reporting. However, the flexibility and scale of data lakes also introduce significant challenges in ensuring data integrity, lineage, and consistency—core elements crucial for reliable risk management and compliance. This paper explores the role of data governance in financial institutions, emphasizing its importance in maintaining data accuracy and transparency. It discusses the specific challenges of implementing data governance within the data environments of financial services, where data silos and regulatory demands add layers of difficulty. The paper proposes governance frameworks adapted to the unique needs of financial institutions, highlighting the integration of data governance practices into data lake architectures. Special focus is given to metadata management and lineage tracking as tools to foster trust and compliance. The findings recommends the necessity for financial institutions to adopt robust data governance strategies, ensuring that data lakes enhance rather than hinder their risk management and regulatory reporting capabilities.
Supplementary Tables
Creators: name: Steele, Alexandra P.
name: Syroid, Anika
name: Mombo, Cassandra
name: Raveetharan, Shathana
name: Rebalka, Irena A.
name: Hawke, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310102
subject: Cell development, proliferation and death
classificationCode: 310103
subject: Cell metabolism

description: Supplementary information for the manuscript titled "Isolation of a persistently quiescent muscle satellite cell population."
Ponera stenocheilos
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera stenocheilos

description: 5. Ponera stenocheilos.
Ponera stenocheilos, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 118; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 101 (1854).
Hab. Malabar.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 84
Symplegma brakenhielmi
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Symplegma
Symplegma brakenhielmi

description: Symplegma brakenhielmi (Michaelsen, 1904) NEW RECORD
Figure 10F, G
Colonies usually somewhat translucent, variously colored in life but the colors fade or disappear in formalin. Zooids with 10-11 rows of stigmata, branchial sac with four longitudinal vessels per side. Atrial siphon dorsal, far from oral siphon. Variable number of stomach folds, large curved caecum on medial side of stomach. When mature, ovary and testis both present on each side. This species can be difficult to identify unless the gonads are fully mature. It has undoubtedly been common though unrecognized in Singapore for some time, based on its wide distribution in the tropical Indo-Pacific and its frequent appearance as fouling worldwide. See discussion by Monniot C. (1983b).
#1206, living colony very transparent, no pigment.
#2598, on a piece of dead coral. Very thin tunic, flat transparent zooids. About 10 stomach folds. Gonads with both ovary and branched testes.
#3827A, on a large Polycarpa argentata. Zooids greenish-brown at oral end, white at posterior end (Fig. 4F); color disappears in fixative (Fig. 4G). Zooids 3 mm in length.
Distribution: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand, Bahrain, Fiji, Australia, New Caledonia, Palau, Guam, China, Noumea, Sri Lanka, Indian Ocean, Hawaii, Caribbean, French Guiana, Brazil, Martinique, Galápagos, Israel (Mediterranean).
Detailed references: Kott (1981, 1985 as S. oceania; 2004), Monniot C. (1983b; 1988 as S. oceania Tokioka, 1961), Monniot C. et al. (1985 as S. oceania), Monniot C. & Monniot F. (1987 as S. oceania; 1997), Abbott et al. (1997 as S. oceania), Monniot F. (2018b). Other references: Monniot F. & Monniot C. (2001, 2008), Rocha & Costa (2005), Rocha et al. (2005), Shenkar & Loya (2009), Lambert (2003, 2019), Monniot F. (2016).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Symplegma brakenhielmi
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Symplegma
Symplegma brakenhielmi

description: Symplegma cf. brakenhielmi
#0151D; #1164, zooids about 3 mm long. Tunic clear, with well developed vascular system. In two examined zooids, the pyloric caecum is not obvious, only a curved connection long and tubular between the medial stomach bulge and beginning of intestinal loop. In another zooid, connections are visible between the beginning of the intestine and the distal intestine (before the rectum) with a bulge and possible third connection to the medial stomach bulge. In this colony the caecum is apparently embedded in the pyloric duct as figured by Monniot C. (1983b) and Monniot C. & Monniot F. (1997).
#3857, colorless in life except for red ring around the siphons. Eleven rows of stigmata. Nine stomach folds, posterior–most one tiny. Curved caecum and bilobed anus. No gonads.
#4611, pink and white in life, brown in formalin; 11 rows of stigmata. Stomach with about eight folds but difficult to count. Large curved caecum. No gonads.
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Ponera affinis
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera affinis

description: 7. PONERA AFFINIS.
Ponera affinis, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 118; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 102 (1854).
Hab. Malabar.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 84
Ponera sculpta
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera sculpta

description: 4. Ponera sculpta.
Ponera sculpta, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. p. 117 [[worker]]; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 101 (1854).
Hab. Malabar.
Mr. Jerdon says this is one of the commonest species of Ant in Malabar, extending from the level of the sea up to the top of the Neilgherries. It lives in the ground in small societies, often making its nest in a flower-pot, occasionally under a large stone. It does not work in concert, being generally seen solitary. It lives on animal substances, but apparently will occasionally take vegetable substances.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 84
Symplegma Herdman 1886
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Styelidae
Symplegma

description: Symplegma sp.
No gonads present.
#1248, on red alga. Red spot on each side of atrial siphon; red line around oral siphon.
#2562, colony 4 cm long. on sponge. Reddish-orange zooids in clear tunic.
#2583, red zooids; #2594A, pink zooids.
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Integrated Pest Management, 2024 Quarter 3 Newsletter
Creators: name: Washington State University Extension
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Pest Management

description: Included in this newsletter:
description: Fact Sheet and Videos for Beekeepers
description: Shellfish Pests: Burrowing Shrimp and European Green Crab
description: Forestry Stewardship Webinar and Tour Events
description: Potato Alerts and Onion Trials Keep Growers Informed
description: Pear IPM Specialist Moves to Berries, Seeds, and More
description: Small Farm IPM: Blueberries, Sweetpotatoes, Tea
description: Outreach and Award for Tree Fruit Specialist
description: Multi-state IPM Coordination, Presentations in Hops & Grapes
description: Podcasts, Blog Posts, and Upcoming Academy Advance Wheat IPM
description: Grape Field Day, Fall Newsletter, and Phylloxera Outreach
Ponera scalprata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera scalprata

description: 9. Ponera scalprata. Pl. VI. figs. 21, 22. B.M.
Length 6 1/2 lines.-Black; the head longitudinally striated; the thorax with circular striae in front, on the disk it is longitudinal and oblique on the sides, curving upwards to the lateral margins of the truncation of the metathorax; the truncation oblique and transversely striated; the interstices of the striae roughened, particularly on the head and thorax anteriorly; the antennae reaching to the apical margin of the first segment of the abdomen. Abdomen oblong-ovate; the peduncle compressed, rounded in front, and armed above on the verge of the truncation with two acute spines pointing backwards; beneath, furnished with an acute spine in the middle; the truncation transversely striated; the apical margin of the first segment constricted, those of the following segments and the apex obscurely ferruginous.
Hab. Northern India.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 84-85
Chthoniidae Daday 1889
Creators: name: Gardini, Giulio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Pseudoscorpiones
Chthoniidae

description: Family Chthoniidae Daday, 1889
description: Published as part of Gardini, Giulio, 2013, A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, pp. 1-151 in Zootaxa 3655 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/223358
Chthonius C.L. Koch 1843
Creators: name: Gardini, Giulio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Pseudoscorpiones
Chthoniidae
Chthonius

description: Genus Chthonius C.L. Koch, 1843
description: Published as part of Gardini, Giulio, 2013, A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, pp. 1-151 in Zootaxa 3655 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/223358
Herdmania pallida
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Pyuridae
Herdmania
Herdmania pallida

description: Herdmania pallida (Heller, 1878)
#0154E, one small, on floating pontoon; #2641A, one; #3801, one large; #4615, one small; Cyrene patch reef, one not collected.
Wide distribution in tropical west Pacific: Hong Kong, Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, Singapore, Palau, New Caledonia, Guam, Hawaii. Introduced in the Atlantic: SE U.S., Caribbean, Martinique, Brazil.
Detailed references with illustrations: Monniot F. & Monniot C. (2001), Kott (2002b), Monniot C. (2002), Nishikawa (2002 part), Lee et al. (2013), Monniot F. & Debitus (2015), Monniot F. (2018c). Other references: Van Name (1918), Rocha & Costa (2005), Rocha et al. (2005), Lambert (2003), Lee et al. 2016).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Ponera processionalis
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera processionalis

description: 6. Ponera processionalis.
Ponera processionalis, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 118; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 102 (1854).
Hab. India.
Of this species Mr. Jerdon says, " I have met with this species over most of India. It lives m the ground in very numerous societies, and is most frequent in jungly districts; occasionally a vast column of them, 3 or 4 feet deep, may be seen crossing a road, and 1 have traced the column for forty and fifty yards. It stings very severely."
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 84
Ephippiochthonius Beier 1930
Creators: name: Gardini, Giulio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Pseudoscorpiones
Chthoniidae
Ephippiochthonius

description: Subgenus Ephippiochthonius Beier, 1930
Diagnosis. Species of the genus Chthonius with lagyniform chela (sensu Judson 2007), pedipalpal hand clearly constricted distad of trichobothria ib-isb (between the groups of trichobothria ib-isb and eb-esb-ist), with dorsum out-line step-like; pedipalpal fingers mostly straight, homo- or heterodentate, bearing spaced and upright teeth; tip of fixed chelal finger of male, tritonymph and deutonymph with a deep hollow on paraxial face, lacking in female; base of movable chelal finger with a strongly sclerotized internal apodeme.
Type species. Scorpio tetrachelatus Preyssler, 1790, by subsequent designation of Hoff (1949).
description: Published as part of Gardini, Giulio, 2013, A revision of the species of the pseudoscorpion subgenus Chthonius (Ephippiochthonius) (Arachnida, Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from Italy and neighbouring areas, pp. 1-151 in Zootaxa 3655 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3655.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/223358
Ponera pumila
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera pumila

description: 8. Ponera pumila.
Ponera pumila, Jerdon, Madr. Journ. Lit. & Sci. 119; Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. xiii. 102 (1854).
Hab. Malabar.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 84
Ponera reticulata
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera reticulata

description: 11. Ponera reticulata. B.M.
Male. Length 3 1/2 lines.-Black: head transverse, eyes prominent, the mandibles and palpi pale rufo-testaceous; the antennae obscurely fusco-ferruginous, the extreme apex pale testaceous. Thorax transversely reticulated; the pro- and metathorax rugose; the mesothorax with a smooth impressed line on each side over the tegulae; the wings fusco-hyaline, the nervures and stigma testaceous; the tarsi ferruginous. Abdomen: the peduncle conical, the abdomen with a fine thin sericeous pile and sprinkled with long fuscous hairs.
Hab. Birmah.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 85
Microcosmus exasperatus Heller 1878
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Pyuridae
Microcosmus
Microcosmus exasperatus

description: Microcosmus exasperatus Heller, 1878
Figure 11A, B
Individuals may reach 5 cm across, usually somewhat wider than tall, with a thick ridge of tunic between the widely spaced siphons especially when contracted. Siphonal spines small, dense, curved and sharply pointed, usually up to about 30 µm in length but may be slightly longer in large specimens. Tunic lining purple, siphonal lining red striped and mottled. Dorsal tubercle inrolled. Gonad in three parts on each side, left gonad crosses gut.
#0154A, nine branchial folds per side. One gammarid amphipod in branchial sac.
#3799C, juvenile 1.7 cm long. Creamy white tunic with red striping; resembles Polycarpa papillata externally. Oral siphon terminal, atrial siphon far back; siphons with red striping. Gonads not well developed but in the typical three parts.
#3827D, one small, on Polycarpa argentata.
#4614, small; 1.2 cm anteroposteriorly. Siphonal spines up to 44 µm long including embedded basal part. Eight branchial folds on the right side, seven on the left.
Distribution: China, Formosa, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore, Vietnam, Australia, Hawaii, Guam, Fiji, Truk, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Galápagos, E. and W. Africa, Suez and eastern Mediterranean, SE. U.S., Caribbean, Martinique, Brazil.
Detailed references: Van Name (1918 as Pyura exasperatus; 1945); Millar (1975), Kott (1981, 1985); Monniot C. & Monniot F. (1987), Cole & Vorontsova (1998), Monniot C. (2002), Monniot F. (2010, 2018c), Lee et al. (2013). Other references: Millar (1965), Monniot C. (1983c), Nishikawa (1984), Monniot C. et al. (1985), Millar (1988), Monniot C. & Monniot F. (1994), Zheng (1995), Abbott et al. (1997), Rocha & Nasser (1998), Rocha & Costa (2005), Rocha et al. (2005), Shenkar & Loya (2009), Lee et al. (2016), Lambert (2003, 2019).
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Herdmania Lahille 1888
Creators: name: Lambert, Gretchen
name: Lee, Serina Siew-Chen
name: Teo, Serena Lay-Ming
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Pleurogona
Pyuridae
Herdmania

description: Herdmania sp.
All tiny juveniles less than 1 cm. #1214; #1230A, three; #3728C; #3827E, on Polycarpa argentata.
description: Published as part of Lambert, Gretchen, Lee, Serina Siew-Chen & Teo, Serena Lay-Ming, 2021, Ascidians collected during the 2013 Singapore Strait International Marine Biodiversity Workshop, pp. 1-38 in Zootaxa 4933 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4933.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4547842
Ponera iridipennis
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera iridipennis

description: 10. Ponera iridipennis. B.M.
Male. Length 3 1/2 lines.-Dark rufo-testaceous: the antennae and mouth pale rufo-testaceous; the head smooth and shining, the ocelli very prominent. Thorax very smooth and shining; wings hyaline and beautifully iridescent, the nervures pale testaceous, the tegulae, posterior margin of the prothorax, the base and apex of the femora, the tibiae and the tarsi, pale rufo-testaceous. Abdomen elongate, slightly strangulated at the apex of the first segment; the apical margins of the three basal segments and the whole of the following segments pale rufo-testaceous; the node of the abdomen conical; the insect covered with a short thin downy pile.
Hab. North Bengal.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 85
Ponera pallida
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera pallida

description: 12. Ponera pallida. B.M.
Male. Length 3 lines.-Pale yellow testaceous: antennae ferruginous, the tibiae and tarsi slightly fuscous, the eyes ovate; wings subhyaline and iridescent, the nervures rufo-testaceous; a deep constriction between the first and second segments of the abdomen, the node cylindrical, the apex obtuse.
Hab. Birmah.
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on pages 85-86
Ponera rubra
Creators: name: Smith, F.
Publisher: name: British Museum
Year: 1858
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Ponera
Ponera rubra

description: 13. PONERA RUBRA.
Female. Length 3 1/2 lines.-Bright chestnut-red, smooth and impunctate: the head dusky before the ocelli; the mandibles serrated on their inner margin; the antennae as long as the thorax, slightly thickened towards their apex. Thorax widest in front, the disk slightly fuscous; the metathorax obliquely truncate, the truncation smooth and shining; the anterior margin of the prothorax rounded. The node of the peduncle rounded in front and truncate behind. Abdomen elongate-ovate, pointed and pubescent at the apex.
Hab. Singapore. (Coll. W. W. Saunders, Esq.)
description: Published as part of Smith, F., 1858, Catalogue of the hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Part VI. Formicidae., London :British Museum on page 86