cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamic methods for thermodynamic equilibrium calculations in process simulation and process optimization
Creators: name: Zinser, Alexander
Publisher: name: Otto von Guericke University Library, Magdeburg, Germany
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Chemische Thermodynamik
subject: Phasenlehre
subject: Physikalische Chemie
subject: 660

description: This thesis proposes a novel framework for the application of chemical and phase equilibrium calculations in process simulation and optimization. Therefore, a generalized methodology for the computation of chemical and phase equilibria is presented. This method is physically motivated and simulates the dynamic evolution of a thermodynamic system from an initial point into its final equilibrium state. This approach is exemplified at several examples of different type and complexity and it is compared against the conventional Gibbs energy minimization method. After that, the proposed method is extended to a method for process simulation by connecting different process units with each other according to the process flowsheet via the mass balances of the streams between the units. This approach allows the simultaneous solution of the process simulation in one step and overcomes the iterative coupling between the unit models and the process model in conventional tearing methods. After that, the developed method for process simulation is employed for optimization of a methanol synthesis process. Employing the developed methods allows computationally efficient simulation of complex reactive multiphase systems, as well as the simulation and optimization of chemical processes.
description: Diese Arbeit entwickelt eine Methodik zur Berechnung chemischer Gleichgewichte und Phasengleichgewichte in Prozesssimulation und Prozessoptimierung. Dazu wird ein allgemeiner Ansatz zur Berechnung von chemischen Gleichgewichten und Phasengleichgewichten hergeleitet. Diese Methode ist physikalisch motiviert und simuliert die dynamische Entwicklung eines thermodynamischen Systems von einem Startpunkt in sein thermodynamisches Gleichgewicht. Diese Vorgehensweise wird anhand verschiedener Beispiele unterschiedlichen Typs und unterschiedlicher Komplexität demonstriert und mit der konventionellen Methode der Minimierung der Gibbs- Energie verglichen. Danach wird diese Methode erweitert, um in Prozesssimulationen die einzelnen Prozesselemente simultan berechnen zu können. Dies geschieht durch die Verschaltung der einzelnen Elemente entsprechend des Fließbildes durch die Massenbilanzen der Stoffströme zwischen den jeweiligen Prozesseinheiten. Dieser Ansatz erlaubt die simultane Lösung der Prozesssimulation in einem Schritt und umgeht damit die iterative Kopplung zwischen den Modellen der Prozesseinheiten und dem Modell der Prozesssimulation in konventionellen Tearing-Methoden. Anschließend wird die entwickelte Methode zur Optimierung eines Methanol-Synthese-Prozesses eingesetzt. Die Anwendung der entwickelten Verfahren erlaubt sowohl eine rechentechnisch effiziente Simulation komplexer reaktiver Mehrphasensysteme, als auch die Simulation und Optimierung verfahrenstechnischer Prozesse.
Improved vacuum stability in a five dimensional model
Creators: name: Liu, Lu-Xin
name: Cornell, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the renormalization effects of the quark flavor mixings and the Higgs self- coupling in a five dimensional model where the boson fields are propagating in the bulk whilst the matter fields are localized to the brane. We first explore the evolution behaviors for the Cabibbo- Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix in this scenario. Then, in light of the recent LHC bounds on the Higgs mass, we find that the Higgs self-coupling evolution has an improved vacuum stability condition, which is in contrast with that of Standard Model and the Universal Extra Dimension scenario, where the theory has a much lower ultraviolet cut-off.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, extra section and comments added
Underconstrained stochastic representations for top-down computational auditory scene analysis
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: I propose a structure for the first stage of a computer system capable of performing complex auditory scene analysis similar to that accomplished by human listeners. This structure contains the following innovations over previous approaches: (1) Sound is represented as discrete elements drawn from an overcomplete vocabulary encompassing both tonal and less structured sounds, designed to highlight the interdependence in the acoustic energy. (2) Through the redundancy of the basis this analysis permits and indeed requires the imposition of additional constraints, which provides for the incorporation of top-down or context-sensitive factors. (3) A modular architecture operates on an analysis-by-synthesis principle, where processes are invoked until the representation adequately accounts for the observed sound. A common goodness-of-fit criterion allows for future expansion of the system with new explanation rules, new representational elements and more abstract levels of analysis. Some initial results of applying these ideas to scenes consisting of noise bursts and dense environmental sound are presented.
Driving errors as a function of listening to music and FM radio: A simulator study
Creators: name: Rao, A. Nageswara
name: Jeyapaul, R.
name: Najar, Sajad Ahmad
name: Chaitanya, B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Driving is a dynamic activity that takes place in a constantly changing environment, carrying safety implications not only for the driver but also for other road users. Despite the potentially life-threatening consequences of incorrect driving behavior, drivers often engage in activities unrelated to driving. This study aims to investigate the frequency and types of errors committed by drivers when they are distracted compared to when they are not distracted. A total of 64 young male participants volunteered for the study, completing four driving trials in a driving simulator. The trials consisted of different distraction conditions: listening to researcher-selected music, driver-selected music, FM radio conversation, and driving without any auditory distractions. The simulated driving scenario resembled a semi-urban environment, with a track length of 12 km. The findings of the study indicate that drivers are more prone to making errors when engaged in FM radio conversations compared to listening to music. Additionally, errors related to speeding were found to be more prevalent across all experimental conditions. These results emphasize the significance of reducing distractions while driving to improve road safety. The findings add to our understanding of the particular distractions that carry higher risks and underscore the necessity for focused interventions to reduce driver errors, especially related to FM radio conversations. Future research can delve into additional factors that contribute to driving errors and develop effective strategies to promote safer driving practices.
Hierarchic models of hearing for sound separation and reconstruction
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1993
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: In building a machine to detect and segregate individual components in sound mixtures, the best example to copy is the human auditory system. Several models of auditory organization implement various rules of psychoacoustic grouping. We propose in addition to model auditory inference as exhibited in the well-known 'phonemic restoration illusion' of Warren (1970). A hierarchy of abstracted features and source hypotheses similar to that of Nawab (1992) allows reconstruction of obliterated detail which can then be used to recreate an 'idealized' sound without corruption. A preliminary example of fitting a harmonic model to a noisy recording of a clarinet gives a very convincing resynthesis with the interference totally removed. However, there are many issues including the design of the representation and the control architecture still to be addressed in building a more general system.
Degradation of P3HT:PCBM-based conjugated polymer solar cells
Creators: name: Shambayati, Shabnam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This work examines the effect of regioregularity (RR) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle doping on the degradation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):6,6-phenyl C₆₁-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) organic solar cells. This is done through application of semi-compact models that relate experimentally measured transport characteristics to structural properties. In this way, the contribution of regioregularity and ZnO nanoparticles to the change in structural properties can be quantified. These models allow interpretation of experimental data and insight into the underlying degradation mechanisms. In this thesis, the mobility edge model is used, and corresponding parameters such as effective electron and hole mobilities are extracted and compared. These results show that studying electron transport plays a critical role in understanding the degradation of P3HT:PCBM solar cells. Examination of regioregular devices reveals that the drop in effective electron mobility with annealing for the high RR devices is greater than that of the low RR ones. This is attributed to the greater tendency for crystallization-driven phase segregation in blends of 98% RR P3HT and PCBM. In hybrid polymer-ZnO devices, effective electron mobility improves with the addition of an optimal concentration of ZnO. The decline in electron effective mobilities with annealing is smaller for the devices containing ZnO in comparison to devices without ZnO. Studying the morphology of these devices shows that the phase segregation is identical for devices with and without ZnO.
Do the cosmological observational data prefer phantom dark energy?
Creators: name: Novosyadlyj, Bohdan
name: Sergijenko, Olga
name: Durrer, Ruth
name: Pelykh, Volodymyr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of expansion and large scale structure formation of the Universe are analyzed for models with dark energy in the form of a phantom scalar field which initially mimics a $Λ$-term and evolves slowly to the Big Rip singularity. The discussed model of dark energy has three parameters -- the density and the equation of state parameter at the current epoch, $Ω_{de}$ and $w_0$, and the asymptotic value of the equation of state parameter at $a\rightarrow\infty$, $c_a^2$. Their best-fit values are determined jointly with all other cosmological parameters by the MCMC method using observational data on CMB anisotropies and polarization, SNe Ia luminosity distances, BAO measurements and more. Similar computations are carried out for $Λ$CDM and a quintessence scalar field model of dark energy. It is shown that the current data slightly prefer the phantom model, but the differences in the maximum likelihoods are not statistically significant. It is also shown that the phantom dark energy with monotonically increasing density in future will cause the decay of large scale linear matter density perturbations due to the gravitational domination of dark energy perturbations long before the Big Rip singularity.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables; comments and references added; version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Road crossing behavior and preferences among pedestrians: From the lens of the theory of interpersonal behavior
Creators: name: Osei, Kwame Kwakwa
name: Obiri-Yeboah, Abena Agyeiwaa
name: Adu-Gyamfi, Lord
name: Ackaah, Williams
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: As a major safety intervention, infrastructural facilities such as footbridges, underpasses or signals are provided for pedestrians to remove their direct interactions with vehicles and consequently ensure safe crossing as they attempt to cross roadways. Interestingly, it is evident that even within the proximity of footbridges or underpasses, some individuals are more willing to take the risk of crossing at-grade even where there are no signals or crosswalk markings to separate their movement from vehicles. These crossing alternatives may have different utilization depending on location and road user types. Therefore, sustainable crossing facilities are needed to meet pedestrian needs. This study attempts to investigate the factors that influence pedestrians to avoid provided footbridges and engage in at-grade crossing behaviors. The crossing point preference is an interpersonal behavior which is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon involving conscious (intentions) and subconscious (habits) factors. This study employs Triandis’ Theory of Interpersonal Behavior (TIB) as a theoretical framework and structural equation modeling to achieve study objectives. Pedestrians were intercepted randomly and socio-demographics, trip characteristics and perceptions data collected through a stated preference survey. Perceived consequence, affect, and social factors were found as significant antecedents of at-grade crossing intentions. Habits and facilitating conditions significantly moderate the impact of crossing intentions on actual at-grading crossing behavior. Pedestrians’ perceived consequence was found to significantly mediate the impact of social factors and affective factors on intention to cross at-grade. Apart from gender, age, satisfaction with footbridge features, work trips, and crossing frequency were all significant determinants of actual crossing at-grade behavior. The study findings can help road safety agencies provide acceptable sustainable facilities that will be used by pedestrians to ensure that the purpose of investments toward pedestrian crossing safety is achieved. Effective road safety education and awareness campaigns on negative consequences of crossing at-grade, while highlighting the benefits of using provided footbridges are suggested to be undertaken by government agencies.
Identifying 'Cover Songs' with Beat-Synchronous Chroma Features
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: Large music collections, ranging from thousands to millions of tracks, are unsuited to manual searching, motivating the development of automatic search methods. When two musical groups perform the same underlying song or piece, these are known as 'cover' versions. We describe a system that attempts to identify such a relationship between music audio recordings. To overcome variability in tempo, we use beat-tracking to describe each piece with one feature vector per beat. To deal with variation in instrumentation, we use 12-dimensional chroma feature vectors that collect spectral energy supporting each semitone of the octave. To compare two recordings, we simply cross-correlate the entire beat-by-chroma representation for two tracks and look for sharp peaks indicating good local alignment between the pieces. Evaluation on a small set of 15 pairs of pop music cover versions identified within the USPOP2002 collection achieves a performance of around 60% correct.
Variational debugging : understandig differences among executions
Creators: name: Meinicke, Jens
Publisher: name: Otto von Guericke University Library, Magdeburg, Germany
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Software engineering
subject: 000

description: Interactions among multiple program inputs or options can lead to undesired or wrong behavior, such as system crashes and security vulnerabilities. This is especially challenging for large numbers of inputs such as for highly configurable systems, as the number of configurations to test grows exponentially with the number of boolean options. A lot of research has focused on systematically covering this con- figuration space, however there is little knowledge on how inputs interact as they can only be observed from their effects (e.g., from bug reports). A better understanding of interactions is needed to improve quality assurance. In this thesis, we developed a dynamic analysis based on variational execution, that monitors data and control ow interactions among all options simultaneously. We analyzed the program traces of multiple medium sized highly-configurable systems to characterize and identify where and how interactions occur. We found that the essential configuration complexity (i.e., the degree of interactions occurring during executions) is indeed much lower than the combinatorial explosion, but that the pattern of how options interact are more nuanced than what state of the art analysis techniques exploit. Interaction characteristics can inform analysis techniques, however, understanding of a specific interaction (e.g., a system crash), is challenging as this requires understanding how multiple inputs interact with each other to cause this undesired behavior while the program succeeds otherwise. Debugging such faults requires understanding the individual effects of inputs and how they interact to cause the fault. Contrasting traces of failing and the succeeding executions can reveal the interactions in their differences, and thus the information needed to understand the fault. We propose to align the execution traces of all configurations to discover and explain interactions. As complete traces are too large to be used for debugging, we present variational traces that concisely represent the differences on data and control flow caused by interactions. We again use variational executions to scale the generation of variational traces to exponential configuration spaces. To enable programmers interacting with such variational traces, we provide our debugging tool Varviz. We have shown that variational traces improve the performance of debugging variability faults by a factor of two compared to standard debuggers.
Computational auditory scene analysis exploiting speech-recognition knowledge
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: The field of computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) strives to build computer models of the human ability to interpret sound mixtures as the combination of distinct sources. A major obstacle to this enterprise is defining and incorporating the kind of high level knowledge of real-world signal structure exploited by listeners. Speech recognition, while typically ignoring the problem of nonspeech inclusions, has been very successful at deriving powerful statistical models of speech structure from training data. In this paper, we describe a scene analysis system that includes both speech and nonspeech components, addressing the problem of working backwards from speech recognizer output to estimate the speech component of a mixture. Ultimately, such hybrid approaches will require more radical adaptation of current speech recognition approaches.
An Information-geometric Approach to Sensor Management
Creators: name: Moran, Bill
name: Howard, Stephen D.
name: Cochran, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An information-geometric approach to sensor management is introduced that is based on following geodesic curves in a manifold of possible sensor configurations. This perspective arises by observing that, given a parameter estimation problem to be addressed through management of sensor assets, any particular sensor configuration corresponds to a Riemannian metric on the parameter manifold. With this perspective, managing sensors involves navigation on the space of all Riemannian metrics on the parameter manifold, which is itself a Riemannian manifold. Existing work assumes the metric on the parameter manifold is one that, in statistical terms, corresponds to a Jeffreys prior on the parameter to be estimated. It is observed that informative priors, as arise in sensor management, can also be accommodated. Given an initial sensor configuration, the trajectory along which to move in sensor configuration space to gather most information is seen to be locally defined by the geodesic structure of this manifold. Further, divergences based on Fisher and Shannon information lead to the same Riemannian metric and geodesics.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, March 2012
Digital driving data can track driving exposure and quality of life in Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Chang, Jun Ha
name: Bhatti, Danish
name: Uc, Ergun Y.
name: Rizzo, Matthew
name: Merickel, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Parkinson’s disease (PD) impairs motor and non-motor functions. Driver strategies to compensate for impairments, like avoiding driving in risky environments, may reduce on-road risk at the cost of decreasing driver mobility, independence, and quality of life (QoL). It is unclear how PD symptoms link to driving risk exposure, strategies, and QoL. We assessed associations between PD symptoms and driving exposure (1) overall, (2) in risky driving environments, and (3) in relationship to QoL. Twenty-eight drivers with idiopathic PD were assessed using the Movement Disorders Society–Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) and RAND 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Real-world driving was monitored for 1 month. Overall driving exposure (miles driven) and risky driving exposure (miles driven in higher risk driving environments) were assessed across PD symptom severity. High traffic, night, and interstate roads were considered risky environments. 18,642 miles (30,001 km) driven were collected. Drivers with PD with worse motor symptoms (MDS-UPDRS Part III) drove more overall (b = 0.17, P < .001) but less in risky environments (night: b = −0.35, P < .001; interstate roads: b = −0.23, P < .001; high traffic: b = −0.14, P < .001). Worse non-motor daily activities symptoms (MDS-UPDRS Part I) did not affect overall driving exposure (b = −0.05, P = .43) but did affect risky driving exposure. Worse non-motor daily activities increased risk exposure to interstate (b = 0.36, P < .001) and high traffic (b = 0.09, P = .03) roads while reducing nighttime risk exposure (b = −0.15, P = .01). Daily activity impacts from motor symptoms (MDS-UPDRS Part II) did not affect distance driven. Reduced driving exposure (number of drives per day) was associated with worse physical health–related QoL (b = 2.87, P = .04). Results provide pilot data revealing specific PD symptom impacts on driving risk exposure and QoL. Drivers with worse non-motor impairments may have greater risk exposure. In contrast, drivers with worse motor impairments may have reduced driver risk exposure. Reduced driving exposure may worsen physical health–related QoL. Results show promise for using driving to inform clinical care.
Has Sarah Palin Really Shaken Up the Race?
Creators: name: Mitchell, Lincoln A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: Palin's presence has moved the numbers, but not all that much, and perhaps not for all that long. The kinds of questions we need to ask now are: what states does Palin put into play?
Decoherence without Dissipation
Creators: name: Unruh, W. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: That decoherence can take place in the presence of energy conservation seems to be a poorly known fact. That lack of knowledge has for example bedevilled the discussion of the "black hole information" problem. I present a simple model which illustrates such energy free decoherence.
description: 4 pages-- To appear in Phil Trans Roy Soc in special issue on Decoherence, ed. A. Hagar
Regulation of CD95-induced NF-[Kappa]B activation
Creators: name: Buchbinder, Jörn Holger
Publisher: name: Otto von Guericke University Library, Magdeburg, Germany
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Zellbiologie
subject: 572

description: It is well understood that the death receptor CD95 induces apoptotic cell death but also pro-survival signaling. Defective regulation of CD95 signaling is connected to a number of diseases. While the induction of CD95-induced apoptosis is dependent on caspases, the molecular mechanisms leading to activation of the CD95-mediated pro-survival NF-κB pathway are not yet fully understood. The protein c-FLIP is known to block activation of caspases at the CD95 death inducing signaling complex (DISC) and plays an important role in driving CD95-induced NF-κB activation. The present study was designed to get new insights into the mechanism of CD95-mediated NF-κB activation. In the course of this study, a new imaging flow cytometry-based method to analyze apoptosis and the NF-κB pathway on single cell level was established. This new method uncovered that both pathways are activated in parallel, which provided further insights into the mechanism of NF-κB activation. It was shown that the DISC protein c-FLIP interacts with a central regulator of the NF-κB pathway, NEMO. Peptides derived from an in silico model of the c-FLIP-NEMO interaction were able to reduce CD95-induced NF-κB activation in cells expressing high levels of c-FLIPL. In addition, the effect of the CBM complex on CD95-induced NF-κB activation was analyzed. The core components of CBM complex were found to be associated to c-FLIP and NEMO in a mass spectrometry screen. Finally, the autophagy receptor NDP52 was described as a negative regulator of CD95- and TNF-R-induced NF-κB activation. Furthermore, this study showed that NDP52 interacts with NEMO and the DUB A20 and thereby limits NF-κB activation by reducing NEMO ubiquitination. Taken together, this study uncovered new regulatory mechanisms of CD95-induced NF-κB activity. The identification and further improvement of NEMO-derived peptides that block tumor-promoting CD95-induced NF-κB activation without blocking of CD95-mediated apoptosis has potential for new anti-cancer treatment.
Model-Based Monaural Source Separation Using a Vector-Quantized Phase-Vocoder Representation
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
name: Weiss, Ron J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: A vector quantizer (VQ) trained on short-time frames of a particular source can form an accurate non-parametric model of that source. This principle has been used in several previous source separation and enhancement schemes as a basis for filtering the original mixture. In this paper, we propose the "projection" of a corrupted target signal onto the constrained space represented by the model as a viable model for source separation. We investigate some parameters of VQ encoding, including a more perceptually-motivated distance measure, and an encoding of phase derivatives that supports reconstruction directly from quantizer output alone. For the problem of separating speech from noise, we highlight some problems with this approach, including the need for sequential constraints (which we introduce with a simple hidden Markov model), and choices for choosing the best quantization for over-lapping sources.
Six-Stroke Cylinder Engine: An Emerging Technology
Creators: name: Pradhan, Satyam Shankar
name: Singh, Himanshu Kumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90201 Automotive Combustion and Fuel Engineering (incl. Alternative/Renewable Fuels)
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering
subject: Mechanical Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: The requirement for the advancement of internal combustion (IC) engines and enhance methods for the combustion cycle is increasing day by day. The four-stroke combustion engine isextensively used due to better fuel economy and less exhaust smoke. However, the major drawback includes a considerable amount of extra heat energy generation that directly adds up to waste energy. In order to overcome the limitation, the idea of computing two extra strokes in the four-stroke engine to utilize the waste energy has been introduced. The six-stroke engine has significantly improved the fuel working ratio per cycle. Incorporating alternative fuels like hydrogen and HHO into six-stroke technology increases efficiency and minimizes exhaust emissions. A six-stroke engine could be the solution for making hybrid automobile technology more convenient. The review article aims to thoroughly understand the underlying principles behind the improved efficiency of a six-stroke cylinder engine. The researches on the six-stroke cylinder engine are summarized in the literature review. The design configuration of alternative fuels is discussed towards the end of the paper.
Stokes Phenomena and Quantum Integrability in Non-critical String/M Theory
Creators: name: Chan, Chuan-Tsung
name: Irie, Hirotaka
name: Yeh, Chi-Hsien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Stokes phenomena of the k \times k isomonodromy systems with an arbitrary Poincaré index r, especially which correspond to the fractional-superstring (or parafermionic-string) multi-critical points (\hat p,\hat q)=(1,r-1) in the k-cut two-matrix models. Investigation of this system is important for the purpose of figuring out the non-critical version of M theory which was proposed to be the strong-coupling dual of fractional superstring theory as a two-matrix model with an infinite number of cuts. Surprisingly the multi-cut boundary-condition recursion equations have a universal form among the various multi-cut critical points, and this enables us to show explicit solutions of Stokes multipliers in quite wide classes of (k,r). Although these critical points almost break the intrinsic Z_k symmetry of the multi-cut two-matrix models, this feature makes manifest a connection between the multi-cut boundary-condition recursion equations and the structures of quantum integrable systems. In particular, it is uncovered that the Stokes multipliers satisfy multiple Hirota equations (i.e. multiple T-systems). Therefore our result provides a large extension of the ODE/IM correspondence to the general isomonodromy ODE systems endowed with the multi-cut boundary conditions. We also comment about a possibility that N=2 QFT of Cecotti-Vafa would be "topological series" in non-critical M theory equipped with a single quantum integrability.
description: 43 pages, 3 figures; v2:references and comments added (footnote 24)
An exploratory investigation into the influence of risk factors on driver injury severity in angle crashes: A random parameter bivariate ordered probit model approach
Creators: name: Fang, Zhiheng
name: Yuan, Renteng
name: Xiang, Qiaojun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Angle crashes have been acknowledged as a concerning issue in the traffic safety field, though there is limited understanding of the contributions of risk factors to injury severity. This article aims to examine the impact of risk factors and unobserved heterogeneity on the severity of driver injuries in angle collisions by utilizing angle crash data in the United States from 2016 to 2021. The relationship between risk factors and driver injury severities in angle crashes was investigated using a random parameter bivariate ordered probit model (RPBOP) with 4 categories of injury severity classified as outcome variables, including no injury, possible injury, minor injury, and serious jury. Risk factors were considered as explanatory variables, classified as driver characteristics, vehicle characteristics, road characteristics, environmental characteristics, time characteristics, and crash characteristics. Bayesian inference was used to assess the unobserved heterogeneity in risk factors, and marginal effects were computed to analyze the effect of each factor on injury outcomes. The findings demonstrate that risk factors have varying effects on driver involvement in angle crashes. Certain factors exhibited unobserved heterogeneity, including young drivers (ages 25–44), older drivers (over age 59), road grade, and collision point orientation. On the other hand, other factors, such as female gender, motorcycles, intersections, speed limit (>50 mph), poor lighting conditions, adverse weather, urban areas, and workdays, were shown to significantly increase the likelihood of driver injury in angle collisions, as well as increase susceptibility to fatal injury. This article offers new insights into reducing driver injuries in angle crashes and has the potential to inform policy development aimed at preventing such incidents. Further research could utilize multisource data fusion and investigate the spatiotemporal stability of risk factors to enhance the generalizability of angle collision prevention strategies.
Modeling, analysis and enhancement of transmission control protocol
Creators: name: Bao, Wei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Transmission control protocol (TCP) is one of the core protocols of the Internet protocol (IP) suite, which provides congestion control and reliable end-to-end connections in the Internet. In wireless environment, due to the random packet loss, many previous TCP variants primarily designed for wired networks may not perform well. In this thesis, we first analyze the impact of random packet loss on the throughput performance of TCP CUBIC. Then, by incorporating online network coding, we propose a new TCP variant called TCP Vegas with online network coding (TCP VON), which can be efficiently applied in wireless networks. In the first part of this thesis, we propose a Markov chain model to determine the steady state throughput of TCP CUBIC in wireless environment. The proposed model considers both congestion loss and random packet loss caused by the wireless environment. We derive the stationary distribution of the Markov chain and obtain the average throughput based on the stationary distribution. Simulations are carried out to validate the analytical model. In the second part of this thesis, we propose TCP Vegas with online network coding (TCP VON), which incorporates online network coding into TCP. TCP VON includes two mechanisms, namely congestion control and online network coding control. The congestion control is extended from TCP Vegas. For the online network coding control, the sender transmits redundant coded packets when packet losses happen. Otherwise, it transmits innovative coded packets. As a result, all the packets can be decoded consecutively and the average decoding delay is small. We establish a Markov chain model to compute the analytical delay performance of TCP VON. We also conduct ns-2 simulations to validate the proposed analytical models. Finally, we compare the average delay and throughput performance of TCP VON and automatic repeat request (ARQ) network coding based TCP (TCP ARQNC) for different topologies. Results show that TCP VON outperforms TCP ARQNC.
Prediction-driven computational auditory scene analysis for dense sound mixtures
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: We interpret the sound reaching our ears as the combined effect of independent, sound-producing entities in the external world; hearing would have limited usefulness if were defeated by overlapping sounds. Computer systems that are to interpret real-world sounds -- for speech recognition or for multimedia indexing -- must similarly interpret complex mixtures. However, existing functional models of audition employ only data-driven processing incapable of making context-dependent inferences in the face of interference. We propose a prediction-driven approach to this problem, raising numerous issues including the need to represent any kind of sound, and to handle multiple competing hypotheses. Results from an implementation of this approach illustrate its ability to analyze complex, ambient sound scenes that would confound previous systems.
Additional file 1 of Strawberry vein banding virus-based vector for transient overexpression in strawberry plants
Creators: name: Yang, Xianchu
name: Zhao, Qingqing
name: Jiang, Xizi
name: Wang, Zhanqi
name: Liang, Jingang
name: Jiang, Lei
name: Jiang, Tong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Symptoms in strawberry plants agroinfiltrated with SVBV-based vectors. Light-green vein banding symptoms in strawberry plants agroinfiltrated with pSVBV-P1-MCS or pSVBV-P1-GFP (a) and pSVBV-P4-MCS or pSVBV-P4-GFP (b) at 35 dpi.
Interference and X Networks with Noisy Cooperation and Feedback
Creators: name: Abdoli, Mohammad Javad
name: Ghasemi, Akbar
name: Khandani, Amir Keyvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Gaussian $K$-user interference and $M\times K$ X channels are investigated with no instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at transmitters. First, it is assumed that the CSI is fed back to all nodes after a finite delay (delayed CSIT), and furthermore, the transmitters operate in full-duplex mode, i.e., they can transmit and receive simultaneously. Achievable results are obtained on the degrees of freedom (DoF) of these channels under the above assumption. It is observed that, in contrast with no CSIT and full CSIT models, when CSIT is delayed, the achievable DoFs for both channels with full-duplex transmitter cooperation are greater than the best available achievable results on their DoF without transmitter cooperation. Our results are the first to show that the full-duplex transmitter cooperation can potentially improve the channel DoF with delayed CSIT. Then, $K$-user interference and $K\times K$ X channels are considered with output feedback, wherein the channel output of each receiver is causally fed back to its corresponding transmitter. Our achievable results with output feedback demonstrate strict DoF improvements over those with the full-duplex delayed CSIT when $K>5$ in the $K$-user interference channel and $K>2$ in the $K\times K$ X channel. Next, the combination of delayed CSIT and output feedback, known as Shannon feedback, is studied and strictly higher DoFs compared to the output feedback model are achieved in the $K$-user interference channel when K=5 or $K>6$, and in the $K\times K$ X channel when $K>2$. Although being strictly greater than 1 and increasing with size of the networks, the achievable DoFs in all the models studied in this paper approach limiting values not greater than 2.
description: 53 pages, 15 figures; Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, May 2012. To be presented in part in ISIT 2012, Cambridge, MA, USA
The weft: A representation for periodic sounds
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Artificial intelligence

description: For the problem of separating sound mixtures, periodicity is a powerful cue used by both human listeners and automatic systems. Short-term autocorrelation of subband envelopes, as in the correlogram, accounts for much perceptual data. We present a discrete representation of common-period sounds, derived from the correlogram, for use in computational auditory scene analysis: The weft describes a sound in terms of a time-varying periodicity and a smoothed spectral envelope of the energy exhibiting that period. Wefts improve on several aspects of previous approaches by providing, without additional grouping, a single, invertible element for each detected signal, and also a provisional solution to detecting and dissociating energy of different periodicities in a single frequency channel (unlike systems which allocate whole frequency channels to one source). We define the weft, describe the analysis procedure we have devised, and illustrate its capacity to separate periodic sounds from other signals.
Galileons on Trial
Creators: name: Appleby, Stephen A.
name: Linder, Eric V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galileon gravity is a robust theoretical alternative to general relativity with a cosmological constant for explaining cosmic acceleration, with interesting properties such as having second order field equations and a shift symmetry. While either its predictions for the cosmic expansion or growth histories can approach standard ΛCDM, we demonstrate the incompatibility of both doing so simultaneously. Already current observational constraints can severely disfavor an entire class of Galileon gravity models that do not couple directly to matter, ruling them out as an alternative to ΛCDM.
description: v2 matches JCAP version
Vers la détection de l'intertextualité à travers deux projets du laboratoire HiSoMA : BIBLINDEX et JERIHNA
Creators: name: Laurence, MELLERIN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: bible
patristique
Jérôme de Stridon
intertextualité

description: Présentation donnée le 4 avril 2023 lors des Journées annuelles Biblissima+ "Transmettre les textes anciens : défis et solutions numériques" à l’Humathèque du Campus Condorcet.
D6.5: Interim report on the PRACE and EuroHPC Operational Services
Creators: name: Filip Stanek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Deliverable
HPC
Research infrastructure

description: The deliverable presents the activities in the reporting period (August 2020 - December 2021) to operate and coordinate the common PRACE Operational Services, foreseen by Task 6.1 of WP6 within PRACE-6IP project. The operation of PRACE distributed HPC infrastructure involves the coordination of a set of services which integrate the Tier-0 systems and a number of national Tier-1 systems into a single pan-European HPC infrastructure.
This work is the continuation of the work done by Task 6.1 in the previous period of PRACE-6IP as well as previous PRACE-IP projects to provide continuity to the PRACE Operational Services for the HPC ecosystem.
Nine Tier-0 systems in five countries were operational in the first year of the PRACE-6IP project period. Furthermore, operational support has been provided to twenty national Tier-1 systems that provide services for Tier-0 (i.e. used from SMEs for the SHAPE activity, as stepping stone towards Tier-0 systems, or to prototype and asses new operational services). These Tier-1 systems are distributed among thirteen different countries, ensuring a wide distribution of the European HPC ecosystem and hosting DECI project call awardees.
Continuation of adopting the last revision of the PRACE Service Catalogue, which describes the common services of PRACE to further guide the operational activity, has been completed. The PRACE Service Catalogue represents a living document currently in version 3.4.
Based on the procedures for incident and change management, the complete set of common services as defined in the PRACE Service Catalogue (Networking, Data, AAA, User, Monitoring and Generic) has been operated and monitored on a day-by-day basis to assure continuity and integrity of the services.
Further development to establish a new federated approach to PRACE AAI was pursued with work addressing the architecture both from technical as well as procedural point of view.
The Security Forum, responsible for all security related activities, was also coordinated by Task 6.1.
All activities are coordinated with videoconferences of all participating partners on bi-weekly period to monitor the infrastructure and prevent possible incidents which could cause vulnerabilities on the PRACE RI. A continuous operator on duty service is provided by partners overseeing the state of systems, network and help desk.
Activity towards EuroHPC started to establish a way for knowledge transfer focused on the operational procedures and setups from PRACE to new EuroHPC petascale hosting sites.
Beat Tracking with Dynamic Programming
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: There are many applications for which we would like to be able to track the 'beat' of a piece of recorded music — analogous to a listener's foot-tapping. This paper describes our beat-tracking system, which operates by first estimating a global tempo (via autocorrelation of an 'onset strength' signal), then using dynamic programming to find the best sequence of beat times through the whole piece that both places beats on moments of high 'onset strength', as well as maintaining a spacing between beats that agrees with the global tempo. This system has been submitted to the 2006 MIREX Audio Tempo Extraction and Audio Beat Tracking competitions.
Classifying Music Audio with Timbral and Chroma Features
Creators: name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Music audio classification has most often been addressed by modeling the statistics of broad spectral features, which, by design, exclude pitch information and reflect mainly instrumentation. We investigate using instead beat-synchronous chroma features, designed to reflect melodic and harmonic content and be invariant to instrumentation. Chroma features are less informative for classes such as artist, but contain information that is almost entirely independent of the spectral features, and hence the two can be profitably combined: Using a simple Gaussian classifier on a 20-way pop music artist identification task, we achieve 54% accuracy with MFCCs, 30% with chroma vectors, and 57% by combining the two. All the data and Matlab code to obtain these results are available.
Underlining some limitations of the statistical formalism in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Fratini, Filippo
name: Hayrapetyan, Armen G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that two chosen ensembles of spin states, which are differently prepared but are described by the same density matrix in quantum mechanics, do not fully share the same measurable characteristics. One characteristic on which they differ is shown to be the variance of the spin along a given direction. We conclude that the statistical description of an ensemble of states as given by its density matrix, although sufficient in many cases, should be considered incomplete, as it does not fully describe the measurable characteristics of the ensemble. A discussion a posteriori on the problem is provided.