cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The end of "lifetime employment" in Japan? Evidence from national surveys and field research
Creators: name: Kato, Takao
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: Using both quantitative data from national surveys and qualitative data from our recent field research, this paper provides evidence on the recent transformation of Japan's celebrated practice of "lifetime employment" (or implicit long-term employment contract for the regular workforce). Overall, contrary to the popular rhetoric of "the end of lifetime employment," evidence points to the enduring nature of such practice in Japan. Specifically, we find little evidence for any major decline in the job retention rates of Japanese employees from the period prior to the burst of the bubble economy in late 1980s to the post-bubble period. In general, our field research corroborates the main finding from the job retention rates by describing vividly that large firms in Japan have been doing everything they can to avoid laying off their workers. However, the field research also points to a potentially important measurement issue with the job retention rates which may cause the job retention rates to overstate the importance of long-term employment in recent years. Lastly, the burden of downsizing appears to fall disproportionately on young workers and middle-age workers with shorter tenure.
What does it mean to trust in epistemic authority?
Creators: name: Origgi, Gloria
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Knowledge, Theory of

description: "At high-school in Italy many years ago I heard my teacher of Latin say: 'Cicero’s prose is full of synecdoches' . I had a vague idea of what a synecdoche was, and ignored until then that one could characterize Cicero’s writing in this way. Nevertheless, I relied on my teacher’s intellectual authority to acquire the belief that Cicero’s prose is full of synecdoches, and today have a more precise idea of what my teacher was talking about. Was I justified in any sense in uncritically accepting that pronouncement by deferring to my teacher’s authority?"
Search for Differences in Oscillation Parameters for Atmospheric Neutrinos and Antineutrinos at Super-Kamiokande
Creators: name: Kamiokande Collaboration
name: Abe, K.
name: Hayato, Y.
name: Iida, T.
name: Ikeda, M.
name: Iyogi, K.
name: Kameda, J.
name: Koshio, Y.
name: Kozuma, Y.
name: Miura, M.
name: Moriyama, S.
name: Nakahata, M.
name: Nakayama, S.
name: Obayashi, Y.
name: Sekiya, H.
name: Shiozawa, M.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Takeda, A.
name: Takenaga, Y.
name: Takeuchi, Y.
name: Ueno, K.
name: Ueshima, K.
name: Watanabe, H.
name: Yamada, S.
name: Yokozawa, T.
name: Ishihara, C.
name: Kaji, H.
name: Lee, K. P.
name: Kajita, T.
name: Kaneyuki, K.
name: McLachlan, T.
name: Okumura, K.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Tanimoto, N.
name: Martens, K.
name: Vagins, M. R.
name: Labarga, L.
name: Magro, L. M.
name: Dufour, F.
name: Kearns, E.
name: Litos, M.
name: Raaf, J. L.
name: Stone, J. L.
name: Sulak, L. R.
name: Goldhaber, M.
name: Bays, K.
name: Kropp, W. R.
name: Mine, S.
name: Regis, C.
name: Smy, M. B.
name: Sobel, H. W.
name: Ganezer, K. S.
name: Hill, J.
name: Keig, W. E.
name: Jang, J. S.
name: Kim, J. Y.
name: Lim, I. T.
name: Albert, J. B.
name: Scholberg, K.
name: Walter, C. W.
name: Wendell, R.
name: Wongjirad, T. M.
name: Tasaka, S.
name: Learned, J. G.
name: Matsuno, S.
name: Hasegawa, T.
name: Ishida, T.
name: Ishii, T.
name: Kobayashi, T.
name: Nakadaira, T.
name: Nakamura, K.
name: Nishikawa, K.
name: Nishino, H.
name: Oyama, Y.
name: Sakashita, K.
name: Sekiguchi, T.
name: Tsukamoto, T.
name: Suzuki, A. T.
name: Minamino, A.
name: Nakaya, T.
name: Fukuda, Y.
name: Itow, Y.
name: Mitsuka, G.
name: Tanaka, T.
name: Jung, C. K.
name: Taylor, I.
name: Yanagisawa, C.
name: Ishino, H.
name: Kibayashi, A.
name: Mino, S.
name: Mori, T.
name: Sakuda, M.
name: Toyota, H.
name: Kuno, Y.
name: Kim, S. B.
name: Yang, B. S.
name: Ishizuka, T.
name: Okazawa, H.
name: Choi, Y.
name: Nishijima, K.
name: Koshiba, M.
name: Yokoyama, M.
name: Totsuka, Y.
name: Chen, S.
name: Heng, Y.
name: Yang, Z.
name: Zhang, H.
name: Kielczewska, D.
name: Mijakowski, P.
name: Connolly, K.
name: Dziomba, M.
name: Wilkes, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a search for differences in the oscillations of antineutrinos and neutrinos in the Super-Kamiokande -I, -II, and -III atmospheric neutrino sample. Under a two-flavor disappearance model with separate mixing parameters between neutrinos and antineutrinos, we find no evidence for a difference in oscillation parameters. Best fit antineutrino mixing is found to be at (dm2bar, sin2 2 thetabar) = (2.0x10^-3 eV^2, 1.0) and is consistent with the overall Super-K measurement.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Figure updated
Baryon production and net-proton distributions in relativistic heavy ion collisions
Creators: name: Yang, C. B.
name: Wang, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The higher order moments of the net-baryon distributions in relativistic heavy ion collisions are useful probes for the QCD critical point and fluctuations. We study the net-proton distributions and their moments in a simple model which considers the baryon stopping and pair production effects in the processes. It is shown that a single emission source model can explain the experimental data well. Centrality and energy dependence of the distributions and higher moments is discussed.
description: 5 pages in RevTex, 8 eps figures, to be appeared in PRC
Proposal of a New Block Cipher reasonably Non-Vulnerable against Cryptanalytic Attacks
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Abhijit
name: Sinha, Angshu Kumar
name: Dutta, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94A60

description: This paper proposes a new block cipher termed as "Modular Arithmetic based Block Cipher with Varying Key-Spaces (MABCVK)" that uses private key-spaces of varying lengths to encrypt data files. There is a simple but intelligent use of theory of modular arithmetic in the scheme of the cipher. Based on observed implementation of the proposed cipher on a set of real data files of several types, all results are tabulated and analyzed.The schematic strength of the cipher and the freedom of using a long key-space expectedly can make it reasonably nonvulnerable against possible cryptanalytic attacks. As a part of the future scope of the work, it is also intended to formulate and implement an enhanced scheme that will use a carrier image to have a secure transmission of the private key.
Symmetries of Helmholtz forms and globally variational dynamical forms
Creators: name: Palese, M.
name: Winterroth, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 55N30, 55R10, 58A12, 58A20

description: Invariance properties of classes in the variational sequence suggested to Krupka et al. the idea that there should exist a close correspondence between the notions of variationality of a differential form and invariance of its exterior derivative. It was shown by them that the invariance of a closed Helmholtz form of a dynamical form is equivalent with local variationality of the Lie derivative of the dynamical form, so that the latter is locally the Euler--Lagrange form of a Lagrangian. We show that the corresponding local system of Euler--Lagrange forms is variationally equivalent to a global Euler--Lagrange form.
description: Presented at QTS7 - Quantum Theory and Symmetries VII, Prague 7-13/08/2011
Poverty Analysis Based on Kernel Density Estimates from Grouped Data
Creators: name: Minoiu, Camelia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Managerial economics
Economics

description: Kernel density estimation (KDE) has been prominently used to measure poverty from grouped data (representing mean incomes of a small number of population quantiles). In this paper I analyze the performance of this method. Using Monte Carlo simulations for plausible theoretical distributions and unit data from several household surveys, I compare KDE-based poverty estimates with their true and survey counterparts. It is shown that the technique gives rise to biases in poverty whose sign and magnitude vary with the smoothing parameter, the kernel, the number of data-points analyzed, and the poverty indicators used. I also demonstrate that KDE-based global poverty rates and headcounts are highly sensitive to the choice of smoothing parameter. Depending on the parameter, the estimated proportion of '$1/day poor' in 2000 varies by a factor of 1.8, while the estimated number of '$2/day poor' in 2000 varies by 287 million people. These findings give rise to concern about the validity and robustness of kernel density estimation in poverty analysis. However, they provide a framework for interpretation of existing results using this technique.
Measurement of tau polarization in W->taunu decays with the ATLAS detector in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, a measurement of tau polarization in W->taunu decays is presented. It is measured from the energies of the decay products in hadronic tau decays with a single final state charged particle. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 24 pb^-1, were collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2010. The measured value of the tau polarization is Ptau = -1.06 +/- 0.04 (stat) + 0.05 (syst) - 0.07 (syst), in agreement with the Standard Model prediction, and is consistent with a physically allowed 95% CL interval [-1,-0.91]. Measurements of tau polarization have not previously been made at hadron colliders.
description: 10 pages plus author list (25 pages total), 4 figures, 4 tables, revised author list, matches published EPJC version
The Dynamics of Zeroth-Order Ultrasensitivity: A Critical Phenomenon in Cell Biology
Creators: name: Huang, Qingdao
name: Qian, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known since the pioneering work of Goldbeter and Koshland [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 78, pp. 6840-6844 (1981)] that cellular phosphorylation- dephosphorylation cycle (PdPC), catalyzed by kinase and phosphatase under saturated condition with zeroth order enzyme kinetics, exhibits ultrasensitivity, sharp transition. We analyse the dynamics aspects of the zeroth order PdPC kinetics and show a critical slowdown akin to the phase transition in condensed matter physics. We demonstrate that an extremely simple, though somewhat mathematically "singular" model is a faithful representation of the ultrasentivity phenomenon. The simplified mathematical model will be valuable, as a component, in developing complex cellular signaling network theory as well as having a pedagogic value.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Conscientiousness and stress exposure and reactivity : a prospective study of adolescent females
Creators: name: Murphy, Michael Liam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Objective: Conscientiousness is associated with physical health, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. To explore the role that stress might play, this study followed young women over time to determine whether conscientiousness was associated with their exposure and reactivity to life stress. Methods: One hundred and thirty-three healthy adolescent females aged 15-19 completed a measure of conscientiousness at study entry. Every 6 months for 2.5 years they underwent a structured interview to catalogue episodic and chronic forms of stress from a contextual perspective. To measure stress reactivity blood was drawn at each visit and was used to quantify circulating levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a marker of systemic inflammation. Ex vivo leukocyte IL-6 responses to endotoxin and glucocorticoid sensitivity were also measured. Results: Regarding exposure, participants who were higher in conscientiousness experienced less severe stressful episodic events that they played a role in causing. They also had lower academic and interpersonal chronic stress throughout the study. In terms of reactivity, conscientious women became more resistant to the anti-inflammatory properties of glucocorticoids at times when they were experiencing relatively high levels of chronic interpersonal stress. Conclusions: Higher levels of conscientiousness may protect adolescent women from exposure to certain types of stress. However, when they do experience some forms of chronic stress, highly conscientious individuals showed increased resistance to glucocorticoids, which could place them at risk for inflammatory conditions.
Photonic properties of one-dimensionally-ordered cold atomic vapors under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency
Creators: name: Schilke, Alexander
name: Zimmermann, Claus
name: Guerin, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study the photonic properties of a cold-atom sample trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. We show that such a medium has two photonic band gaps. One of them is in the transparency window and gives rise to a Bragg mirror, which is spectrally very narrow and dynamically tunable. We discuss the advantages and the limitations of this system. As an illustration of a possible application we demonstrate a two-port all-optical switch.
Effects of simulated and actual caribou grazing on low-Arctic tundra vegetation
Creators: name: O, Pamela Constance
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Barren-ground caribou have been grazing and trampling the tundra for thousands of years. Because the timing of grazing and trampling is episodic, it has been theorized that their impacts at any given site are weak or absent. This study investigated if this could be verified observationally and experimentally. I conducted an experiment to examine the effects of simulated grazing and lichen removal on birch hummock - lichen heath tundra in the low-Arctic. I also examined the effects of trampling and grazing by the Bathurst Caribou Herd on the biomass of three low-Arctic plant communities. In general, the simulated grazing at intermediate and high intensities did not cause changes in vascular plants biomass or species diversity, or carbon dioxide flux. However, lichen removal caused significant reductions in lichen biomass, lichen diversity, and net ecosystem production. Ecosystem respiration rates and biomass were much lower on than off the caribou migratory trails in each of the habitats studied, due to the low amounts of biomass on migratory trails compared to off the trails. These studies show that the effects of grazing were not easily detected, but the migratory trails that have been used by caribou for thousands of years were distinctly different than the surrounding areas. The results indicate that some habitats may be resistant to change, but once they are altered, they may not readily recover.
Hiding and Confining Charges via "Tube-like" Wormholes
Creators: name: Guendelman, Eduardo
name: Kaganovich, Alexander
name: Nissimov, Emil
name: Pacheva, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe two interesting effects in wormhole physics. First, we find that a genuinely charged matter source may appear neutral to an external observer - a phenomenon opposite to the famous Misner-Wheeler "charge without charge" effect. This phenomenon takes place when coupling a bulk gravity/nonlinear-gauge-field system to a charged lightlike brane as a matter source. The "charge-hiding" effect occurs in a wormhole solution which connects a non-compact "universe", comprising the exterior region of Schwarzschild-(anti-)de-Sitter (SdS) or purely Schwarzschild black hole beyond the Schwarzschild horizon, to a Levi-Civita-Bertotti-Robinson-type (LCBR) "tube-like" "universe" via a wormhole "throat" occupied by the brane. In this solution the whole electric flux produced by the brane is expelled into the "tube-like" "universe" and the brane is detected as neutral by an observer in the non-compact "universe". Next, we find a truly charge-confining wormhole solution when we couple the bulk gravity/nonlinear-gauge-field system to two oppositely charged lightlike branes. The latter system possesses a "two-throat" wormhole solution, where the "left-most" and the "right-most" "universes" are two identical copies of the exterior region of SdS black hole beyond the Schwarzschild horizon, whereas the "middle" "universe" is of LCBR "tube-like" form with geometry dS_2 x S^2. It comprises the finite-extent intermediate region of dS_2 between its two horizons. Both "throats" are occupied by the two oppositely charged lightlike branes and the whole electric flux produced by the latter is confined entirely within the middle "tube-like" "universe". A crucial ingredient is the special form of the nonlinear gauge field action, which contains both the standard Maxwell term as well as a square root of the latter. This theory was previously shown to produce a QCD-like confining dynamics in flat space-time.
description: 26 pages, 2 figures; v.2 several references added, missing constant factors in few equations inserted, acknowledgement added, results unchanged; v.3 28 pages, several clarifying remarks, references and acknowledgements added, version to appear in International Journal of Modern Physics A
Dilaton constraints and LHC prospects
Creators: name: Coleppa, Baradhwaj
name: Gregoire, Thomas
name: Logan, Heather E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Standard Model Higgs searches using the first 1-2 fb-1 of LHC data can be used to put interesting constraints on new scalar particles other than the Higgs. We investigate one such scenario in which electroweak symmetry is broken via strongly coupled conformal dynamics. This scenario contains a neutral scalar dilaton---the Goldstone boson associated with spontaneously broken scale invariance---with a mass below the conformal symmetry breaking scale and couplings to Standard Model particles similar (but not identical) to those of the Standard Model Higgs boson. We translate the LEP and LHC Higgs limits to constrain the dilaton mass and conformal breaking scale. The conformal breaking scale f is constrained to be above 1 TeV for dilaton masses between 145 and 600 GeV, though it can be as low as 400 GeV for dilaton masses below 110 GeV. We also show that (i) a dilaton chi with mass below 110 GeV and consistent with the LEP constraints can appear in gg --> chi --> gamma gamma with a rate up to ~10 times the corresponding Standard Model Higgs rate, and (ii) a dilaton with mass of several hundred GeV is much narrower than the corresponding Standard Model Higgs, leading to improved search sensitivity in chi --> ZZ --> 4l.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, References added, Figure 10 modified, Figure 11 added
Comparing Exit Decisions and Corporate Governance
Creators: name: Harrigan, Kathryn Rudie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: This study examines how widespread the similarities between U.S. and Japanese corporate governance practices have become. Results suggest that, in spite of convergence in many areas of business practices, Japanese board structures and governance practices still differ greatly from those in the United States -- particularly in SEC-mandated reforms such as independent audit and compensation committees. Our results suggest that corporate governance differences between Japanese and U.S. firms may be driven, in part, by differences in directors' recognition of investors' performance expectations. In particular, results indicate that the exit barriers related to employment influence decision-making for Japanese directors more strongly than they affect U.S. directors' decisions. Board independence -- particularly with respect to audit and compensation committee membership -- reduces the height of perceived exit barriers. Results suggest that, in spite of convergence in many areas of business practices, Japanese board structures and governance practices still differ greatly from those in the United States although it does not conclude that the transition is necessarily desirable.
Proton strangeness form factors in (4,1) clustering configurations
Creators: name: Kiswandhi, Alvin
name: Lee, Hao-Chun
name: Yang, Shin Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reexamine a recent result within a nonrelativistic constituent quark model (NRCQM) which maintains that the uuds\bar s component in the proton has its uuds subsystem in P state, with its \bar s in S state (configuration I). When the result are corrected, contrary to the previous result, we find that all the empirical signs of the form factors data can be described by the lowest-lying uuds\bar s configuration with \bar s in P state that has its uuds subsystem in $S$ state (configuration II). Further, it is also found that the removal of the center-of-mass (CM) motion of the clusters will enhance the contributions of the transition current considerably. We also show that a reasonable description of the existing form factors data can be obtained with a very small probability P_{s\bar s}=0.025% for the uuds\bar s component. We further see that the agreement of our prediction with the data for G_A^s at low-q^2 region can be markedly improved by a small admixture of configuration I. It is also found that by not removing CM motion, P_{s\bar s} would be overestimated by about a factor of four in the case when transition dominates over direct currents. Then, we also study the consequence of a recent estimate reached from analyzing the existing data on quark distributions that P_{s\bar s} lies between 2.4-2.9% which would lead to a large size for the five-quark (5q) system, as well as a small bump in both G^s_E+ηG^s_M and G^s_E in the region of q^2 =< 0.1 GeV^2.
description: Prepared for The Fifth Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics 2011 in Seoul, South Korea, 22-26 August 2011
The mexicanization of the methodist episcopal church, 1873-1919
Creators: name: Fry, Michael Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2009

description: Bibliography: p. 140-146
description: This thesis is an examination of the Mexicanization of the Methodist Episcopal Church. It uses the Methodist newspaper El Abogado Cristiano Ilustrado (The Illustrated Christian Advocate) as its principal source. As the mouthpiece of the Methodist Episcopal Church, El Abogado reported on political, social, cultural, and religious events in Mexico. The Methodists learned, from past experiences, that in order to survive and thrive they had to adapt, evolve, and persevere. They achieved this in Mexico through the process of Mexicanization, using Mexican-born ministers and linking themselves with liberalism, which they viewed as the emerging aspirations of the Mexican nation. The symbiotic relationship between liberalism and Methodism becomes key to understanding how Methodism survived and grew in Mexico. Mexican Liberals desired economic development, modernization, individualism, democracy, anti-clericalism, and nationalism. These tenets closely resembled the ideologies and theologies of the Methodists.
Resolution-of-identity approach to Hartree-Fock, hybrid density functionals, RPA, MP2, and \textit{GW} with numeric atom-centered orbital basis functions
Creators: name: Ren, Xinguo
name: Rinke, Patrick
name: Blum, Volker
name: Wieferink, Jürgen
name: Tkatchenko, Alexandre
name: Sanfilippo, Andrea
name: Reuter, Karsten
name: Scheffler, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Efficient implementations of electronic structure methods are essential for first-principles modeling of molecules and solids. We here present a particularly efficient common framework for methods beyond semilocal density-functional theory, including Hartree-Fock (HF), hybrid density functionals, random-phase approximation (RPA), second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and the $GW$ method. This computational framework allows us to use compact and accurate numeric atom-centered orbitals (popular in many implementations of semilocal density-functional theory) as basis functions. The essence of our framework is to employ the "resolution of identity (RI)" technique to facilitate the treatment of both the two-electron Coulomb repulsion integrals (required in all these approaches) as well as the linear density-response function (required for RPA and $GW$). This is possible because these quantities can be expressed in terms of products of single-particle basis functions, which can in turn be expanded in a set of auxiliary basis functions (ABFs). The construction of ABFs lies at the heart of the RI technique, and here we propose a simple prescription for constructing the ABFs which can be applied regardless of whether the underlying radial functions have a specific analytical shape (e.g., Gaussian) or are numerically tabulated. We demonstrate the accuracy of our RI implementation for Gaussian and NAO basis functions, as well as the convergence behavior of our NAO basis sets for the above-mentioned methods. Benchmark results are presented for the ionization energies of 50 selected atoms and molecules from the G2 ion test set as obtained with $GW$ and MP2 self-energy methods, and the G2-I atomization energies as well as the S22 molecular interaction energies as obtained with the RPA method.
description: 58 pages, 15 figures, and 7 tables
Duality of non-exposed faces
Creators: name: Weis, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A10, 52A20

description: Given any polar pair of convex bodies we study its conjugate face maps and we characterize conjugate faces of non-exposed faces in terms of normal cones. The analysis is carried out using the positive hull operator which defines lattice isomorphisms linking three Galois connections. One of them assigns conjugate faces between the convex bodies. The second and third Galois connection is defined between the touching cones and the faces of each convex body separately. While the former is well-known, we introduce the latter in this article for any convex set in any finite dimension. We demonstrate our results about conjugate faces with planar convex bodies and planar self-dual convex bodies, for which we also include constructions.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
Percolation of partially interdependent networks under targeted attack
Creators: name: Dong, Gao-Gao
name: Gao, Jian-Xi
name: Tian, Li-Xin
name: Du, Rui-Jin
name: He, Ying-Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of interdependent networks, and in particular the robustness on networks, has attracted considerable attention. Recent studies mainly assume that the dependence is fully interdependent. However, targeted attack for partially interdependent networks simultaneously has the characteristics of generality in real world. In this letter, the comprehensive percolation of generalized framework of partially interdependent networks under targeted attack is analyzed. As $α=0$ and $α=1$, the percolation law is presented. Especially, when $a=b=k$, $p_{1}=p_{2}=p$, $q_{A}=q_{B}=q$, the first and second lines of phase transition coincide with each other. The corresponding phase transition diagram and the critical line between the first and the second phase transition are found. We find that the tendency of critical line is monotone decreasing with parameter $p_{1}$. However, for different $α$, the tendency of critical line is monotone increasing with $α$. In a larger sense, our findings have potential application for designing networks with strong robustness and can regulate the robustness of some current networks.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Demographic density, per capita consumption, and the Japanese saving-investment balance
Creators: name: Dekle, Robert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: In this paper, we revisit the issue of the impact of demographic change on the Japanese saving-investment balance. Using updated government projections, we show that the ageing of the population under way will steadily lower Japan's saving rate from 31 per cent of GDP today to 20 per cent of GDP in 2040. Japan's investment rate will remain close to its current level of 29 per cent. Thus, Japan's saving-investment balance, or current account, will steadily decrease from its current level and will turn negative in 2025. In addition, we project the impact of demographic change on the evolution of Japanese consumption per capita, or 'living standards.' Despite the population ageing, we project that per-capita consumption will grow until 2010. However, under certain scenarios, consumption per capita falls in most years after 2010.
Forbidden configurations
Creators: name: Raggi, Miguel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: In this work we explore the field of Forbidden Configurations, a problem in Extremal Set Theory. We consider a family of subsets of {1,2,...,m} as the corresponding {0,1}-incidence matrix. For {0,1}-matrices F, A, we say F is a *subconfiguration* of A if A has a submatrix which is a row and column permutation of F. We say a {0,1}-matrix is *simple* if it has no repeated columns. Let ||A|| denote the number of columns of A. A {0,1}-matrix F with row and column order stripped is a *configuration*. Given m and a family of configurations G, our main function of study is forb(m,G) := max{||A|| : A simple and for all F in G, we have F not a subconfiguration of A }. We give a general introduction to the main ideas and previous work done in the topic. We develop a new more computational approach that allows us to tackle larger problems. Then we present an array of new results, many of which were solved in part thanks to the new computational approach.
Comparing Japanese Versus U.S. Decision Making in Corporate Governance
Creators: name: Harrigan, Kathryn Rudie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: This study examines how widespread the similarities between U.S. and Japanese corporate governance practices have become. Results suggest that, in spite of convergence in many areas of business practices, Japanese board structures and governance practices still differ greatly from those in the United States -- particularly in SEC-mandated reforms such as independent audit and compensation committees. Our results suggest that findings concerning corporate governance differences between Japanese and U.S. firms may be driven, in part, by differences in directors' recognition of investors' performance expectations. In particular, our results indicate that the exit barriers related to employment impact decision-making for Japanese directors more strongly than they affect U.S. directors' decisions.
Understanding Lorentz violation with Rashba interaction
Creators: name: Ajaib, Muhammad Adeel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rashba spin orbit interaction is a well studied effect in condensed matter physics and has important applications in spintronics. The Standard Model Extension (SME) includes a CPT-even term with the coefficient H_{μν} which leads to the Rashba interaction term. From the limit available on the coefficient H_{μν} in the SME we derive a limit on the Rashba coupling constant for Lorentz violation. In condensed matter physics the Rashba term is understood as resulting from an asymmetry in the confining potential at the interface of two different types of semiconductors. Based on this interpretation we suggest that a possible way of inducing the H_{μν} term in the SME is with an asymmetry in the potential that confines us to 3 spatial dimensions.
description: 13 pages, minor corrections. Version to appear in IJMPA
Japan's resource imports
Creators: name: Sato, Kazuo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: The paradox in Japan's external trade arises from the structure of Japan's international trade, that is, from its high dependence on a few major commodities on both the export and import sides. This structure implies that, should, for some reason, Japan's exports and/or imports be severely disrupted, the Japanese economy would be thrown into an economic chaos of formidable magnitude. Such was the case with the first oil shock of 1973-74. As the price of petroleum quadrupled, Japan's trade went into a deficit and its economy was thrown into a heavy recession coupled with a high inflation. On the other hand, when the terms of trade turn in favor of Japan, the economy enjoys a boom with stable prices as in the latest boom which began at the end of 1986. Japan's growth and inflation are quite sensitive to external economic conditions despite its low aggregate dependence on the foreign sector.
Extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles transport LncRNA-H19 as competing endogenous RNA for the treatment of diabetic wounds
Creators: name: Tao, Shi-Cong
name: Rui, Bi-Yu
name: Wang, Qi-Yang
name: Zhou, Ding
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Guo, Shang-Chun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Virology

description: Diabetic wounds, one of the most enervating complications of diabetes mellitus, affect millions of people worldwide annually. Vascular insufficiency, caused by hyperglycemia, is one of the primary causes and categories of diabetic impaired wound healing. Recently, long noncoding RNA (LncRNA)-H19, which is significantly decreased in diabetes and may be crucial in triggering angiogenesis, has attracted increasing interest. The possible relationship between the decrease of LncRNA-H19 and the impairment of angiogenesis in diabetes could involve impairment of the insulin–phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)–Akt pathway via the interdiction of LncRNA-H19. Thus, a therapeutic strategy utilizing LncRNA-H19 delivery is feasible. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using high-yield extracellular vesicle-mimetic nanovesicles (EMNVs) as an effective nano-drug delivery system for LncRNA, and studied the function of EMNVs with a high content of LncRNA-H19 (H19EMNVs). The results, which were exciting, showed that H19EMNVs had a strong ability to neutralize the regeneration-inhibiting effect of hyperglycemia, and could remarkably accelerate the healing processes of chronic wounds. Our results suggest that bioengineered EMNVs can serve as a powerful instrument to effectively deliver LncRNA and will be an extremely promising multifunctional drug delivery system in the immediate future.
Technological Leadership and Late Development: Evidence from Meiji Japan, 1868-1912
Creators: name: Tang, John P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Commerce

description: Large family-owned conglomerates known as zaibatsu have long been credited with leading Japanese industrialization during the Meiji Period (1868-1912), despite a lack of empirical analysis. I develop a new dataset collected from corporate genealogies and estimate the likelihood of a firm being an industry pioneer with discrete choice econometric methods. I find that certain characteristics associated with zaibatsu increase the likelihood of leading entry into new industries. In particular, first entry probabilities increase with industry diversification and private ownership, which may provide internal financing and risk-sharing. Nevertheless, the costs of excessive diversification may deter additional pioneering, which may account for the loss of zaibatsu technological leadership by the turn of the century.
Throughput-Distortion Computation Of Generic Matrix Multiplication: Toward A Computation Channel For Digital Signal Processing Systems
Creators: name: Anastasia, Davide
name: Andreopoulos, Yiannis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The generic matrix multiply (GEMM) function is the core element of high-performance linear algebra libraries used in many computationally-demanding digital signal processing (DSP) systems. We propose an acceleration technique for GEMM based on dynamically adjusting the imprecision (distortion) of computation. Our technique employs adaptive scalar companding and rounding to input matrix blocks followed by two forms of packing in floating-point that allow for concurrent calculation of multiple results. Since the adaptive companding process controls the increase of concurrency (via packing), the increase in processing throughput (and the corresponding increase in distortion) depends on the input data statistics. To demonstrate this, we derive the optimal throughput-distortion control framework for GEMM for the broad class of zero-mean, independent identically distributed, input sources. Our approach converts matrix multiplication in programmable processors into a computation channel: when increasing the processing throughput, the output noise (error) increases due to (i) coarser quantization and (ii) computational errors caused by exceeding the machine-precision limitations. We show that, under certain distortion in the GEMM computation, the proposed framework can significantly surpass 100% of the peak performance of a given processor. The practical benefits of our proposal are shown in a face recognition system and a multi-layer perceptron system trained for metadata learning from a large music feature database.
description: IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (vol. 60, 2012)
Interplay of Coulomb interaction and spin-orbit effects in multi-level quantum dots
Creators: name: Grap, S.
name: Meden, V.
name: Andergassen, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electron transport through a multi-level quantum dot with Rashba spin-orbit interaction in the presence of local Coulomb repulsion. Motivated by recent experiments, we compute the level splitting induced by the spin-orbit interaction at finite Zeeman fields $B$, which provides a measure of the renormalized spin-orbit energy. This level splitting is responsible for the suppression of the Kondo ridges at finite $B$ characteristic for the multi-level structure. In addition, the dependence of renormalized $g$-factors on the relative orientation of the applied $B$ field and the spin-orbit direction following two different protocols used in experiments is investigated.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures
The Management of Capital Flows and Financial Vulnerability in Asia
Creators: name: Akyuz, Yilmaz
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance

description: It has been more than a decade since a virulent financial crisis has devastated several East and South East Asian economies with excellent track records in economic development and macroeconomic stability. The crisis was generally considered the outcome of a combination of misguided capital account and exchange rate policies coupled with overreaction of foreign lenders and investors to temporary shortfalls in international liquidity, rather than vulnerabilities emanating from structural payment imbalances and excessive external indebtedness. There is now almost a collective determination across the region never to allow a repeat of the crisis. There is also an increased awareness that vulnerability to financial contagion and shocks depends in large part on how capital inflows are managed, and that governments may have limited options in addressing the sudden stops and reversals that often mark short term capital flows.
Child malnutrition, consumption growth, maternal care and price shocks: new evidence from Northern Ghana
Creators: name: de Groot, Richard
name: Handa, Sudhanshu
name: Ragno, Luigi Peter
name: Ghana LEAP1000 Evaluation Team
name: Spadafora, Tayllor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020

description:
Childhood malnutrition remains a significant global health concern. In order to implement effective policies to address the issue, it is crucial to first understand the mechanisms underlying malnutrition. This paper uses a unique dataset from Northern Ghana to explain the underlying causes of childhood malnutrition. It adopts an empirical framework to model inputs in the production of health and nutrition, as a function of child, household and community characteristics. The findings suggest that maternal agency and health contribute to improved health status. Household resources – in the form of consumption – are positively associated with food intake and nutritional outcomes. Simulations show that income growth, improving maternal care and avoiding sudden price shocks have a positive – but rather limited effect – on the reduction of malnutrition in this context. Effects are greater in children under two. Hence, policies that address underlying determinants simultaneously, and target the youngest population of children, could have the largest effect on reducing malnutrition in this population.
Relationship Education Workshop to Improve Romantic Skills and Depressed Mood
Creators: name: Miller, John V.
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Clinical Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Relationship Education
subject: Depressed Mood
subject: Romantic Competence
subject: Relationship Skills

description: This study aims to adapt Davila and colleagues relationship education program to optimally benefit dysphoric emerging adults, by mapping the skills targeted in the training onto the deficits experienced by people with depressive symptoms. Participation in the romantic competence training is assumed to be associated with short- and long-term gains in romantic competence skills, and in an improvement in depressive symptoms and relationship quality.
The Accumulation of International Reserves as a Defense Strategy
Creators: name: Carvalho, Fernando J. Cardim De
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Finance

description: The financial turmoil of the second half of the 1990s showed that even some of the most successful and fast-growing emerging countries risked suffering deep and widespread damages caused by balance of payments crises generated by capital flow reversals. In fact, as reflected in the contemporaneous debate, most of these countries suffered doubly, both from the crises themselves and from the burden of the rescue packages put together by the International Monetary Fund. Stung by the costs of those crises and their resolution, emerging countries seemed to have adopted in the 2000s a different strategy, dubbed "self insurance". The central and most visible, although by no means the only, instrument of this strategy has been the relentless accumulation of international reserves.
Modeling Stochasticity and Variability in Gene Regulatory Networks
Creators: name: Murrugarra, David
name: Veliz-Cuba, Alan
name: Aguilar, Boris
name: Arat, Seda
name: Laubenbacher, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Modeling stochasticity in gene regulatory networks is an important and complex problem in molecular systems biology. To elucidate intrinsic noise, several modeling strategies such as the Gillespie algorithm have been used successfully. This paper contributes an approach as an alternative to these classical settings. Within the discrete paradigm, where genes, proteins, and other molecular components of gene regulatory networks are modeled as discrete variables and are assigned as logical rules describing their regulation through interactions with other components. Stochasticity is modeled at the biological function level under the assumption that even if the expression levels of the input nodes of an update rule guarantee activation or degradation there is a probability that the process will not occur due to stochastic effects. This approach allows a finer analysis of discrete models and provides a natural setup for cell population simulations to study cell-to-cell variability. We applied our methods to two of the most studied regulatory networks, the outcome of lambda phage infection of bacteria and the p53-mdm2 complex.
description: 23 pages, 8 figures
Securities trading in the absence of dealers: Trades and quotes on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Creators: name: Hamao, Yasushi
name: Hasbrouck, Joel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: This paper investigates the behavior of intraday trades and quotes for individual stocks on the Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). The TSE has two distinctive institutional features: (1) the absence of market makers who trade for their own accounts, and (2) use of price limits. Our findings suggest that the immediacy available in the market is high, despite the reliance on public limit orders to supply liquidity. The price limit mechanism causes some trades to execute more slowly, but allows many incoming market orders to transact at more favorable prices. We furthermore examine the impact of trades on quotes. The TSE's mechanism is similar in many respects to the electronic limit order book modeled by Glosten (1991). Consistent with Glosten's prediction, we find some evidence for quote reversals subsequent to trades.