cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Echoes and revival echoes in systems of anharmonically confined atoms
Creators: name: Herrera, Mark
name: Antonsen, Thomas M.
name: Ott, Edward
name: Fishman, Shmuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study echoes and what we call 'revival echoes' for a collection of atoms that are described by a single quantum wavefunction and are confined in a weakly anharmonic trap. The echoes and revival echoes are induced by applying two, successive temporally localized potential perturbations to the confining potential, one at time $t=0$, and a smaller one at time $t=τ$. Pulse-like responses in the expectation value of position $$ are predicted at $t \approx nτ$ ($n=2,3,...$) and are particularly evident at $t \approx 2τ$. A novel result of our study is the finding of 'revival echoes'. Revivals (but not echoes) occur even if the second perturbation is absent. In particular, in the absence of the second perturbation, the response to the first perturbation dies away, but then reassembles, producing a response at revival times $mT_x$ ($m=1,2,...$). Including the second perturbation at $t=τ$, we find temporally localized responses, revival echoes, both before and after $t\approx mT_x$, e.g., at $t\approx m T_x-n τ$ (pre-revival echoes) and at $t\approx mT_x+nτ$, (post-revival echoes), where $m$ and $n$ are $1,2,...$ . Depending on the form of the perturbations, the 'principal' revival echoes at $t \approx T_x \pm τ$ can be much larger than the echo at $t \approx 2τ$. We develop a perturbative model for these phenomena, and compare its predictions to the numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger Equation. The scaling of the size of the various echoes and revival echoes as a function of the symmetry and size of the perturbations applied at $t=0$ and $t=τ$ is investigated. We also study the presence of revivals and revival echoes in higher moments of position, $$, $p>1$, and the effect of atom-atom interactions on these phenomena.
description: 33 pages, 13 figures, corrected typos and added references
Observations of SNR CTA 1 and the Cyg OB1 region with VERITAS
Creators: name: Aliu, Ester
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cygnus region is a nearby very active star forming region, containing several OB associations, considered as tracers of young pulsars. Above 12 TeV, the Milagro Collaboration has reported the discovery of a very large source, MGRO J2019+37, lying towards the Cyg OB1 association, at the edge of the Cygnus region. The young and energetic pulsar PSR J2021+3651 has been proposed to power this emission. We present here the result of deep VERITAS observations of this region at energies above 650 GeV. These observations unveil extended and complex TeV emission compatible with MGRO J2019+37, likely made of multiple sources, and a clearly separated point source emission from the direction of CTB 87, a pulsar wind nebula candidate. We will also report on the detection of TeV emission from the young Galactic SNR CTA 1, likely powered by the first pulsar discovered through its gamma-ray radiation.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, to appear in proceedings of the 32nd ICRC, Beijing, China
On the nature of discrete plan wave and huygens' source for a perfectly matched tfsf implementation in the fdtd scheme
Creators: name: Tan, Teng Meng
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 129-142
description: Scattered wave problems resulting from objects exhibiting complex geometries and high heterogeneities which often occur in applied science or engineering applications can only be solved by numerical means. An important class of these problems comes from scatterers being radiated by a far-field source such as a plane wave. In the FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) numerical method, the Total-Field Scattered-Field (TFSF) technique is a Huygens' source algorithm that can source this far-field problem efficiently. For most applications the time-domain IFA (Incident Field Array) method has been successfully used for a number of years. Other applications such as radar-cross-section (RCS) evaluation, backscattered field from biomedical cells, or buried objects where the material contrast against the uniform background is small, can all have a scattered field well below the incident wave, i.e. a dynamic range smaller than -100 dB. An accurate frequency domain known as the AFP ( Analytic Field Propagator) method was recently developed to address such a small scattering analysis. However, the preprocessing stage necessitates prodigious data storage, therefore limiting t his accurate technique to 2D and a special case of 3D problems. This thesis first introduces a one-to-many mapping technique to reduce a general 3D plane wave source into a 1D representation. Hence, the memory storage problem of the AFP method is mitigated significantly. It is also demonstrated that an FDTD plane wave propagation direction can be expressed in terms of a discrete angle called the rational angle. The one-to-many mapping and rational angle are then used to construct a true time-domain numerical plane wave source valid for any scheme where partial derivative operators are approximated with finite differencing counterparts; the technique developed here is not unique to FDTD algorithms. When used as the Huygens' source for a 1D / 2D / 3D TFSF formulation, the proposed algorithm completely removes the spurious scattered field associated with existing formulations. This solution has never before available to the FDTD community. Because of the recursive algorithm, the large memory issue is also avoided. Numerical examples confirm the leakage error is at the finite precision limit (-300 dB for double precision).
Hungry for transparency: Audience attitudes towards distributed journalism in four US cities
Creators: name: Brown, Peter D.
name: Wenzel, Andrea
name: Roca-Sales, Meritxell
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: News audiences
Social media
Journalism
Press
Journalism--Technological innovations

description: As more and more people get at least some of their news from social platforms, this study showcases perspectives on what the increasingly distributed environment looks like in day-to-day media lives. Drawing from thirteen focus groups conducted in four cities across the United States, we sample voices of residents who reflect on their news habits, the influence of algorithms, local news, brands, privacy concerns, and what all this means for journalistic business models.
The construction of the "ideal Chinese child": a critical analysis of textbooks for Chinese heritage language learners
Creators: name: Chiu, Lorita Yung Lin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Although previous research has demonstrated that textbooks are laden with explicit and implicit cultural, moral, and ideological values, too few studies have examined language teaching materials, and particularly heritage language textbooks, for such messages. This study is a critical analysis of Chinese as a Heritage Language (CHL) textbooks commonly used in community Chinese schools in North America. Materials from both China and Taiwan were analyzed. Specifically, research questions addressed in the present study are: 1) What are the topics and themes in these textbooks? 2) What are the moral and cultural values embedded in the texts? 3) How are "ideal identities" constructed and conveyed through the reoccurring characters used in the textbooks? Based on discourse analysis, as well as content analysis, this study builds on the notions of D/discourse, literacy, identity and language socialization to explore the construction of the “ideal Chinese child” in the textbooks and how this might impact students’ identity (re)construction. The findings show that the world constructed by the CHL textbooks is distinct from the world most CHL learners reside in. Until CHL textbooks can create meaningful intersections between those worlds, many students may feel ambivalent about or even alienated from the textually constructed heritage and about their own identities.
'Lower your arms, bend your back!': Ancient Egyptian 'body behaviour' as an expression of respect towards social superiors
Creators: name: Kekes, Christos
Publisher: name: National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ancient Egypt; gestures; body behaviour; social interaction; respect

description: In the present study the Egyptian standard of proper social behaviour during the interaction of ancient Egyptians is outlined. This social standard is traced through ancient Egyptian texts and iconography. I am mainly interested in the appropriate social behaviour as it was expressed through various body postures and gestures. This particular ‘body behaviour’ mainly concerned the proper way in which ancient Egyptians approached and interacted with social superiors: higher officials, elders, or the Pharaoh. Aspects of appropriate body behaviour are evidenced in religious contexts, too: when approaching a temple or a divine statue, or even in the mythological afterlife journey of the dead.
description: Athens University Review of Archaeology (AURA), Vol 7 (2024)
Life at Small-Market Newspapers: Results from a Survey of Small Market Newsrooms
Creators: name: Radcliffe, Damian
name: Ali, Christopher
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Journalism
Newspapers
Journalism--Technological innovations
Local mass media

description: The observations in this paper are based on the results of an online survey conducted between Monday, November 14 and Sunday, December 4, 2016. Survey respondents identified a number of key challenges for the sector, including: Shrinking newsrooms: More than half (59 percent) of our survey participants told us that the number of staff in their newsroom had shrunk since 2014. Recruitment: Low pay, long hours, and limited opportunities for career progression can impede the attraction and retention of young journalists. A long-hours culture: Many respondents reported that they regularly work more than 50 hours a week. Job security: Just over half of respondents (51 percent) said they feel secure in their positions. A further 29 percent had a neutral view (neither positive nor negative) about their job security. Despite these considerations, we encountered a sense of optimism among much of our sample. This confidence is rooted in an understanding that small-market newspapers are often close to their communities—with journalists sharing similar goals and lives to their audience—and a recognition that much of their reporting is not replicated elsewhere. Nevertheless, respondents were also aware of emerging issues, such as establishing relevancy with the next generation of news consumers. Social media and emerging storytelling formats such as live video may help do this, and we found strong levels of interest in some of these spaces. Subsequently, we believe a more nuanced conversation about this sector in required. The newspaper industry, even within this smaller stratum of newspapers, is far from homogeneous. Our conversations with local journalists found a cohort eager to know more about the experiences of their peers. As a result, we welcome moves to increase coverage of the local media sector by leading trade publications. Richer coverage and research of this industry will help to inform and inspire local journalists, policymakers, and funders alike.
Guide to Crowdsourcing
Creators: name: Onuoha, Mimi
name: Pinder, Jeanne
name: Schaffer, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Human computation

description: The term “crowdsourcing” has been around for a decade. Although Wired writer Jeff Howe coined it in 2006, the ways in which news organizations define and employ it today vary enormously. This guide is organized around a specific journalism-related definition of crowdsourcing and provides a new typology designed to help practitioners and researchers understand the different ways crowdsourcing is being used both inside and outside newsrooms. This typology is explored via interviews and case studies. The research shows that crowdsourcing is credited with helping to create amazing acts of journalism. It has transformed newsgathering by introducing unprecedented opportunities for attracting sources with new voices and information, allowed news organizations to unlock stories that otherwise might not have surfaced, and created opportunities for news organizations to experiment with the possibilities of engagement just for the fun of it. Certainly, though, crowdsourcing can be high-touch and high-energy, and not all projects work the first time. To be sure, crowdsourcing businesses are flourishing outside of journalism. But within the news industry, wider systemic adoption may depend on more than enthusiasm from experienced practitioners and accolades from sources thrilled by the outreach.
Proposed USACE EM 1110-2-1913 erosion analysis guidance
Creators: name: Shewbridge, S. E.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: Army Corps of Engineers
erosion rate model
wave overtopping erosion model
critical shear stress
erosion coefficient
risk-informed design

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is updating EM 1110-2-1913, Design, Construction and Evaluation of Levees, including new guidance on how to conduct erosion analysis. This paper presents the two erosion models considered: erosion rate as a function of shear stress and an empirical relationship relating wave overtopping flow rate to erosion rate. The paper also suggests the current state-of-the-practice regarding factors to be considered when selecting erosion model parameters. Erosion design will be conducted in a risk-informed framework, using potential failure modes analysis and when possible, probabilistic limit state analyses to assess design reliability. Required design reliability will be selected based on levels necessary to achieve various life-safety, economic and other unspecified objectives, as appropriate for each flood risk mitigation system.
Data Management for Lab Assays, including file naming conventions and file formats
Creators: name: Dalphin, Mark
name: Aguilar, Ruth
name: Trittel, Stephie
name: Sharma, Shilpee
name: Cox, Rebecca
name: Reynaud, Kendra
name: Albert, Chloe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Planning documentation

description: Data Management Plan - planned organization of raw and summarized assay data for INCENTIVE Grant

File Naming Conventions - how to name the files, raw and summarized, for assay data

Controlled Vocabulary - How to name things within the data set as well as a color scheme for plots. Written in R but human readable.

Remaining files are presentations from 2023-02-21 documenting the planned assays, their output data formats and the size (or expected scale) of those outputs.
Topological order in 1D Cluster state protected by symmetry
Creators: name: Son, Wonmin
name: Amico, Luigi
name: Vedral, Vlatko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate how to construct the Z2*Z2 global symmetry which protects the ground state degeneracy of cluster states for open boundary conditions. Such a degeneracy ultimately arises because the set of stabilizers do not span a complete set of integrals of motion of the cluster state Hamiltonian for open boundary conditions. By applying control phase transformations, our construction makes the stabilizers into the Pauli operators spanning the qubit Hilbert space from which the degeneracy comes.
description: 1 figure, To be published in Quantum Information Processing
Thermodynamics of nonspherical black holes from Liouville theory
Creators: name: Yuan, Fang-Fang
name: Huang, Yong-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Liouville formalism was proposed many years ago to account for the black hole entropy. It was recently updated to connect thermodynamics of general black holes, in particular the Hawking temperature, to two-dimensional Liouville theory. This relies on the dimensional reduction to two-dimensional black hole metric. The relevant dilaton gravity model can be rewritten as a Liouville-like theory. We refine the method and give general formulas for the corresponding scalar and energy-momentum tensors in Liouville theory. This enables us to read off the black hole temperature using a relation which was found about three decades ago. Then the range of application is extended to include nonspherical black holes such as neutral and charged black rings, topological black hole and the case coupled to a scalar field. As for the entropy, following previous authors, we invoke the Lagrangian approach to central charge by Cadoni and then use the Cardy formula. The general relevant parameters are also given. This approach is more advantageous than the usual Hamiltonian approach which was used by the old Liouville formalism for black hole entropy.
Lies, Damn Lies and Viral Content
Creators: name: Silverman, Craig
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Online journalism
Journalism--Technological innovations--Moral and ethical aspects
Social media

description: To track and analyze the way news sites handle online rumors and unverified claims, I and research assistant Jocelyn Jurich identified rumors circulating in online media, and captured and analyzed them using the Emergent database and related public website. I also spoke with journalists, skeptics and others engaged in efforts to debunk online misinformation. This report is the result of our research. One key conclusion is that journalists are squandering much of the value of rumors and emerging news by moving too quickly and thoughtlessly to propagation. News websites dedicate far more time and resources to propagating questionable and often false claims than they do working to verify and/or debunk viral content and online rumors. The debunking efforts that do exist at news organizations are scattershot and are not rooted in best practices identified in previous research. Rather than acting as a source of accurate information, online media frequently promote misinformation in an attempt to drive traffic and social engagement. The result is a situation where lies spread much farther than the truth, and news organizations play a powerful role in making this happen.This research has quantified many bad practices of online media. In doing so, it clearly articulates areas for improvement. I also believe it reveals a way forward where news organizations move to occupy the middle ground between mindless propagation and wordless restraint. Journalists today have an imperative—and an opportunity—to sift through the mass of content being created and shared in order to separate true from false, and to help the truth to spread. This report includes a set of specific and, where possible, data driven recommendations for how this anti-viral viral strategy can be executed. My hope is that this report helps newsrooms see the bad practices that must be stopped, and to apply better strategies for reporting in our new world of emergent news.
A model for the analysis of the structural failure of the clay core in rockfill dams due to overtopping
Creators: name: Ricoy, L. F.
name: Toledo, M. Á.
name: Morán, R.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: dam failure
overtopping
rockfill dam
clay core

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: In 2014 the Dam Safety Research Group (SERPA) of the Technical University of Madrid performed several tests to assess the behavior of rockfill dams in overtopping scenarios. A structural failure pattern of the clay core was observed, as expected. Hence, it was concluded that a model to simulate the observed failure mechanisms was needed. The model described herein provides the first results on assessment of the clay core stability following failure of the downstream shell. The failure process may result in one or more brittle and abrupt breakage phases of the core, herein classified as structural breakages, as opposed to the progressive failure caused by the erosion of the cohesive material. Thus, total or partial failure of the clay core occurs when the acting forces reach one of the instability conditions: overturning or sliding. The model was utilized to retroactively analyze two experiments carried out in the laboratory; the results obtained were consistent with the experimental measurements. The model is based on simple mechanical principles, but represents a paradigm shift in the interpretation and evaluation of the overtopping failure processes, especially since it results in a failure hydrograph different from those typically adopted, and therefore, has repercussions in the development of emergency plans.
Chrysis maindroni DU BUYSSON 1898
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Chrysis
Chrysis maindroni

description: Chrysis maindroni DU BUYSSON, 1898
Chrysis Maindroni n.sp.: DU BUYSSON 1898b: 526 (descr. ♀, Obock), pl. 18 (figs 8a, b).
Chrysis maindroni DU BUYSSON, 1898: DU BUYSSON 1898c: 272 (cat. Djibouti).
Chrysis maindroni DU BUYSSON, 1898: DU BUYSSON 1899: 164 (Obock (type), cat. MNHN).
Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) maindroni DU BUYSSON, 1898: BISCHOFF 1913: 55 (world cat.).
Chrysis maindroni DU BUYSSON, 1898: KIMSEY & BOHART 1990: 318 (tax.), 323 (fig. 105a), 435 (tax., Djibouti (not Somalia), world cat.).
Chrysis maindroni DU BUYSSON, 1898: MADL & ROSA 2012: 52 (cat. Afr. reg.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock.
Chrysis maindroni is also recorded from South Africa, Sudan and Zimbabwe.
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 914, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Level truncation analysis of regularized identity based solutions
Creators: name: Arroyo, E. Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the vacuum energy of regularized identity based solutions through level truncation computations in open bosonic string field theory. We show that the level truncated solutions bring a value of the vacuum energy expected for the tachyon vacuum in agreement with Sen's first conjecture.
description: 22 pages, comments added, one table added
Lattice stretching bistability and dynamic heterogeneity
Creators: name: Christiansen, P. L.
name: Savin, A. V.
name: Zolotaryuk, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple one-dimensional lattice model is suggested to describe the experimentally observed plateau in force-stretching diagrams for some macromolecules. This chain model involves the nearest-neighbor interaction of a Morse-like potential (required to have a saturation branch) and an harmonic second-neighbor coupling. Under an external stretching applied t o the chain ends, the intersite Morse-like potential results in the appearance of a double-well potential within each chain monomer, whereas the interaction between the second neighbors provide s a homogeneous bistable (degenerate) ground state, at least within a certain part of the chain. As a result, different conformational changes occur in the chain under the external forcing. The transition regions between these conformations are described as topological solitons. With a strong second-neighbor interaction, the solitons describe the transition between the bistable ground states. However, the key point of the model is the appearance of a heterogenous structure, when the second-neighbor coupling is sufficiently weak. In this case, a part of the chain has short bonds with a single-well potential, whereas the complementary part admits strongly stretched bonds with a double-well potential. This case allows us to explain the existence of a plateau in the force-stretching diagram for DNA and alpha-helix protein. Finally, the soliton dynamics are studied in detail.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. E, 13 figures
Guide to Chat Apps
Creators: name: Barot, Trushar
name: Oren, Eytan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Journalism--Technological innovations
Social media
News audiences

description: Messaging apps now have more global users than traditional social networks—which means they will play an increasingly important role in the distribution of digital journalism in the future. While chat platforms initially rose to prominence by offering a low-cost, web-based alternative to SMS, over time they evolved into multimedia hubs that support photos, videos, games, payments, and more. While many news organizations don’t yet use messaging apps, digitally savvy outlets like BuzzFeed, Mashable, The Huffington Post, and VICE have accompanied a more traditional player in BBC News by establishing a presence on a number of these platforms. To complement our research, we interviewed leadership at multiple news outlets and chat platforms, thereby synthesizing key lessons and presenting notable case studies reflecting the variety of creative and strategic work taking place within the messaging space. Most publisher efforts around messaging apps are still in a formative, experimental stage, but even those have often proven effective in diversifying traffic sources for digital content. Our research indicates that one of the greatest benefits of chat apps is the opportunity to use these platforms as live, sandbox environments. The chance to play and iterate has helped several news organizations develop mobile-first content and experiential offerings that would have proved difficult in other digital environments. As these services primarily—and in some cases exclusively—exist on mobile phones, editorial teams have learned to focus purely on the mobile experience, freeing themselves from considerations about how content will appear on desktop websites or other broadcast mediums. In developing editorial strategies for some of these wide-ranging messaging platforms, news organizations are not just helping to future-proof themselves, they are also venturing into online spaces that could enable them to reach hundreds of millions of (often young) people with whom they have never engaged before.
Guide to SecureDrop
Creators: name: Berret, Charles
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Journalism--Data processing
Confidential communications--Press
World Wide Web--Security measures

description: This report offers a guide to the use and significance of SecureDrop, an in-house system for news organizations to securely communicate with anonymous sources and receive documents over the Internet. SecureDrop itself is a very young technology. It was developed over the last four years, beginning during the period when the WikiLeaks submission system was down and it was unclear how else whistleblowers could safely transmit large caches of data to journalists. The history of SecureDrop’s conception and development is thus entwined with some of the most striking moments in the recent history of digital journalism: the arrival of Julian Assange as a charismatic force calling for radical transparency; the remarkable life of the technology activist Aaron Swartz; the bravery of Edward Snowden in revealing the level of surveillance now exercised by government agencies worldwide; and the resulting alliance between journalists, activists, and hackers who wish to ensure the accountability of powerful organizations by publishing information in the public interest. Through interviews with the technologists who conceived and developed SecureDrop, as well as the journalists presently using it, this report offers a sketch of the concerns that drive the need for such a system, as well as the practices that emerge when a news organization integrates this tool into its news gathering routines.
DIgital Security and Source Protection for Journalists
Creators: name: McGregor, Susan E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Journalism
Online journalism
Journalism--Technological innovations
Journalism--Methodology
Confidential communications--Press
Journalists--Legal status, laws, etc.
Computer security

description: In order to maintain the confidence of–and therefore the access to–our sources, it is imperative that the journalistic profession as a whole develops a coherent set of professional practices around their protection. While judicial decisions and statutes in 49 states and the District of Columbia provide some form of reportorial “privilege,” the legal and technical realities of digital communications systems today are such that many journalists will never have the opportunity to invoke it. For robust journalistic security practices to be effective, they must both offer the real protections that sources deserve and be reasonable enough to integrate into the process of newsgathering and publication. To achieve these ends, any approach must be grounded in a fundamental understanding of the technical and legal frameworks in which our digital communications exist, and how their sometimes strange intersections influence the way that journalists must operate. The goal of this paper is to provide a coherent and salient introduction to these frameworks, as a foundation for developing supportable security practices for the journalism industry. The remainder of this paper is organized into four sections. First and second, I present overviews of the current state of law and technology as they exist in and shape the realities of digital communications, privacy, and security with a focus on the needs of source protection for journalists. Third, I present some models for conceptualizing and implementing digital communications practices for journalists and newsrooms, in the context of current tools and communities. Finally, I offer recommendations for both industry development and academic research in the areas of digital privacy and security.
Comparing models and observations of the surface accumulation zone of floating plastic in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre
Creators: name: Schmiz, Sophie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Plastics have been invented as a durable, reusable alternative to other organic materials. Their mass production started only in the 20th century, but plastic pollution is already now one of humankind’s most enduring legacies, penetrating virtually every ecosystem on this planet. Marine plastics are especially persistent and hard to clean up, as they often sink down to the seafloor or fragment into smaller pieces that are called microplastics if they are smaller than 5 mm in size, accounting for over 90% of all floating plastic particles. In order to protect the marine environment, it is therefore essential to understand the sources, transport and sinks of floating debris. Only this way, a comprehensive evaluation of the risk caused by plastic pollution to the marine ecosystem can be achieved. To do so, observations of plastic samples are interpolated with predictions from ocean general circulation models to create maps of the regions that are most vulnerable to plastic pollution, for instance the surface accumulation zones in the center of the subtropical gyres. This thesis focusses on the surface accumulation zone of microplastics in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, where previous modelling efforts have failed to agree with the observed accu- mulation pattern derived from microplastic samples. With the Lagrangian particle tracking tool Parcels, virtual particle distributions are generated in the North Atlantic, based on the hydrody- namic fields from four different ocean general circulation models: GlobCurrent, NEMO, SMOC (a CMEMS product) and HYCOM. The outcomes of these models are compared against each other, predicting the maximum of the surface accumulation in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre to lie between 25 and 55àW. The models’ prediction powers are tested against the most complete data set of microplastic samples in the North Atlantic yet, building up on the data set used in the global inventory of small floating plastic debris aggregated by van Sebille et al. (2015). Still, observations in the eastern part of the North Atlantic remain too sparse to show the true zonal extent of the surface accumulation zone. A linear regression between the observed concentrations and the kernel density estimate of the virtual particle distributions generated by a model measures the correlation between a model and the observations. Generally, the most realistic release scenario of virtual particles in the Lagrangian simulations, which includes a repeated coastal release and a sinking timescale, results in a surface accumulation zone that matches best to the observations in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Because observations are still lacking around the predicted maxima of the surface accumulation zone, it is too early to claim that one model corresponds best to the observations.
On open-closed extension of boundary string field theory
Creators: name: Ishida, Akira
name: Teraguchi, Shunsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a classical open-closed string field theory whose open string sector is given by boundary string field theory. The open-closed interaction is introduced by the overlap of a boundary state with a closed string field. With the help of the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism, the closed string sector is determined to be the HIKKO closed string field theory. We also discuss the gauge invariance of this theory in both open and closed string sides.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures, comments and a reference added, typos corrected
Wedge-shaped blocks: a historical review
Creators: name: Morán, R.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: wedge block
overlapping
embankment
overtopping
protection

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: The article aims to be an introduction to the history of the wedge-shaped blocks technology. As it is well known, the WSBs protection system was born in the middle of 20th century in the former Soviet Union. Even though its basis of operation remains, relevant studies have been yielded in order to apply this kind of protection in real cases. Besides, direct application in several case studies has shed some light on practical difficulties and the need of new technical criteria to overcome them. Thus, applied research has been developed in countries such United Kingdom, USA, Portugal, and Spain, among others. The article consists of three parts. It commences with a brief summary of some relevant research and development studies. Afterwards, a description group of case studies of stepped block spillways is included. Finally, the article ends with a short compilation of the state of the art of the current design criteria.
Physics based turning process simulation
Creators: name: Gencoglu, Ahmet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The manufacturing planning of parts is currently based on experience and physical test trials. The parts are modeled, and Numerically Controlled (NC) tool paths are generated in Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) environment. The NC programs are physically tested, and if the process faults are found, the NC program is re-generated in the CAM environment. The objective of this thesis is to develop Virtual Turning System that predicts the part machining process ahead of costly physical trials. Tool–workpiece engagement geometry is calculated along the tool path by a proposed polycurve method. The part geometry is imported as a stereolithography (STL) model from the CAM system, and the cross section around the turning axis is reconstructed. The tool and part cross sections are modeled by polycurves, which are constructed by series of arcs and lines. The tool–part geometries are intersected using boolean operations to obtain the engagement conditions. The turning process is modeled by predicting the chip area and equivalent chord angle. The process forces are modeled proportional to the material dependent cutting force coefficients, depth of cut and equivalent chord length that depends on the nose radius and approach angle of the tool. The chatter stability of the process is examined using Nyquist criterion at each tool–workpiece engagement station along the path. The virtual turning simulation simulates the forces and detects the chatter stability, and adjusts the feeds at each tool-part engagement station. The physical turning of parts with arbitrary geometry can be simulated, and cutting conditions that leads to most optimal machining operation is automatically determined without violating the limits of the machine tool and part.
Guide to Automated Journalism
Creators: name: Graefe, Andreas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Journalism--Data processing
Journalism--Technological innovations

description: In recent years, the use of algorithms to automatically generate news from structured data has shaken up the journalism industry—most especially since the Associated Press, one of the world’s largest and most well-established news organizations, has started to automate the production of its quarterly corporate earnings reports. Once developed, not only can algorithms create thousands of news stories for a particular topic, they also do it more quickly, cheaply, and potentially with fewer errors than any human journalist. Unsurprisingly, then, this development has fueled journalists’ fears that automated content production will eventually eliminate newsroom jobs, while at the same time scholars and practitioners see the technology’s potential to improve news quality. This guide summarizes recent research on the topic and thereby provides an overview of the current state of automated journalism, discusses key questions and potential implications of its adoption, and suggests avenues for future research. Some of the key points can be summarized as follows.
Effect of density dependent symmetry energy on Elliptical flow
Creators: name: Kumar, Suneel
name: Vinayak, Karan Singh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of the density dependent symmetry energy on elliptical flow is studied using isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model(IQMD). We have used the reduced isospin-dependent cross-section with soft equation of state to study the sensitivity of elliptical flow towards symmetry energy. Aim of the present study is to pin down the Elliptical flow for the various forms of the density dependent symmetry energy.
description: submitted to DAE Symposium on Nuclear Physics, December 26-30, 2011, Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, A.P., India
Computational Campaign Coverage
Creators: name: Graefe, Andreas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Data processing
Journalism--Methodology
Journalism--Technological innovations
Elections--Press coverage

description: Algorithms for automatically generating stories from machine-readable data have been shaking up the news industry, not least since the Associated Press started to automate the production and publication of quarterly earnings reports in 2014. Once developed, such algorithms can create an unlimited number of news stories for a routine and repetitive topic—faster, cheaper, and with fewer errors than any human journalist ever could. Within the “Computational Campaign Coverage” research project, researchers teamed up with the German-based software company AX Semantics to develop automated news based on forecasting data for the 2016 U.S. presidential elections. Over the course of the project, nearly 22,000 automated news articles were published in English and German.
Yukawa couplings and masses of non-chiral states for the Standard Model on D6-branes on T6/Z6'
Creators: name: Honecker, Gabriele
name: Vanhoof, Joris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The perturbative leading order open string three-point couplings for the Standard Model with hidden USp(6) on fractional D6-branes on T6/Z6' from arXiv:0806.3039 [hep-th], arXiv:0910.0843 [hep-th] are computed. Physical Yukawa couplings consisting of holomorphic Wilsonian superpotential terms times a non-holomorphic prefactor involving the corresponding classical open string Kaehler metrics are given, and mass terms for all non-chiral matter states are derived. The lepton Yukawa interactions are at leading order flavour diagonal, while the quark sector displays a more intricate pattern of mixings. While N=2 supersymmetric sectors acquire masses via only two D6-brane displacements - which also provide the hierarchies between up- and down-type Yukawas within one quark or lepton generation -, the remaining vector-like states receive masses via perturbative three-point couplings to some Standard Model singlet fields with vevs along flat directions. Couplings to the hidden sector and messengers for supersymmetry breaking are briefly discussed.
description: 52 pages (including 8p. appendix); 5 figures; 14 tables; v2: discussion in section 4.1.3 extended, footnote 5 added, typos corrected, accepted by JHEP
A Imprensa Nas Plataformas: Como O Vale Silício Reestruturouo Jornalismo
Creators: name: Bell, Emily J.
name: Owen, Taylor
name: Brown, Peter D.
name: Hauka, Codi
name: Rashidian, Nushin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Technological innovations
Press
Social media
Online journalism

description: O impacto de plataformas sociais e empresas de tecnologia no jornalismo americano está sendo maior do que o da migração do impresso para o digital. Empresas como Facebook, Snapchat, Google e Twitter estão assumindo cada vez mais funções de meios de comunicação tradicionais, o que levanta sérias dúvidas sobre a sobrevivência financeira do jornalismo no futuro. Hoje, plataformas já não exercem apenas o papel de canal de distribuição – mas determinam o que o público vê, quem é remunerado por essa audiência e até que formato e gênero de jornalismo emplacam. Editores continuam a transferir a maior parte do jornalismo que produzem a plataformas de terceiros, mesmo sem a garantia de que o investimento vá dar retorno. Em certas organizações jornalísticas, a publicação deixou de ser a principal atividade – tendência que deve seguir firme à medida que mais meios abrem mão do papel tradicional de editor. O relatório a seguir, parte de um trabalho contínuo de pesquisa do Tow Center for Digital Journalism, da Columbia Journalism School, traça a convergência entre jornalismo e plataformas digitais. No intervalo de 20 anos, o modelo de negócios e de distribuição do jornalismo sofreu três mudanças importantes: a migração do analógico para o digital, o advento de mídias sociais e, hoje, a primazia do mobile. Nessa última virada, grandes empresas de tecnologia passaram a dominar o mercado em termos de audiência e publicidade e obrigaram meios de comunicação a repensar processos e estruturas.