cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dissipation-optimized Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Creators: name: Olesen, Peder J.
name: Hodžić, Azur
name: Andersen, Søren J.
name: Sørensen, Niels N.
name: Velte, Clara M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a formalism for dissipation-optimized decomposition of the strain rate tensor (SRT) of turbulent flow data using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD). The formalism includes a novel inverse spectral SRT operator allowing the mapping of the resulting SRT modes to corresponding velocity fields, which enables a complete dissipation-optimized reconstruction of the velocity field. Flow data snapshots are obtained from a direct numerical simulation of a turbulent channel flow with friction Reynolds number $Re_τ=390$. The lowest dissipation-optimized POD (d-POD) modes are compared to the lowest conventional turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) optimized POD (e-POD) modes. The lowest d-POD modes show a richer small-scale structure, along with traces of the large-scale structure characteristic of e-POD modes, indicating that the former capture structures across a wider range of spatial scales. Profiles of both TKE and dissipation are reconstructed using both decompositions, and reconstruction convergences are compared in all cases. Both TKE and dissipation are reconstructed more efficiently in the dissipation-rich near-wall region using d-POD modes, and in the TKE-rich bulk using e-POD modes. Lower modes of either decomposition tend to contribute more to either reconstructed quantity. Separating each term into eigenvalues and factors relating to the inherent structures in each mode reveals that higher e-POD modes tend to encode more dissipative structures, whereas the structures encoded by d-POD modes have roughly constant inherent TKE content, supporting the hypothesis that structures encoded by d-POD modes tend to span a wide range of spatial scales.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, 1 table
Accelerating the training of single-layer binary neural networks using the HHL quantum algorithm
Creators: name: Alarcon, Sonia Lopez
name: Merkel, Cory
name: Hoffnagle, Martin
name: Ly, Sabrina
name: Pozas-Kerstjens, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Binary Neural Networks are a promising technique for implementing efficient deep models with reduced storage and computational requirements. The training of these is however, still a compute-intensive problem that grows drastically with the layer size and data input. At the core of this calculation is the linear regression problem. The Harrow-Hassidim-Lloyd (HHL) quantum algorithm has gained relevance thanks to its promise of providing a quantum state containing the solution of a linear system of equations. The solution is encoded in superposition at the output of a quantum circuit. Although this seems to provide the answer to the linear regression problem for the training neural networks, it also comes with multiple, difficult-to-avoid hurdles. This paper shows, however, that useful information can be extracted from the quantum-mechanical implementation of HHL, and used to reduce the complexity of finding the solution on the classical side.
description: Accepted in the 40th IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD'22). 9 pages, 8 figures, IEEEtran V1.8b
The role of the fetal pituitary in the development of the adrenal medulla of the sheep
Creators: name: Coulter., Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
$α_s$ from an improved $τ$ vector isovector spectral function
Creators: name: Boito, Diogo
name: Golterman, Maarten
name: Maltman, Kim
name: Peris, Santiago
name: Rodrigues, Marcus V.
name: Schaaf, Wilder
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After discussing difficulties in determining $α_s$ from tau decay due to the existence of Duality Violations and the associated asymptotic nature of the OPE, we describe a new determination based on an improved vector isovector spectral function, now based solely on experimental input, obtained by (i) combining ALEPH and OPAL results for $2π+4π$ and (ii) replacing $K^-K^0$ and higher-multiplicity exclusive-mode contributions, both previously estimated using Monte Carlo, with new experimental BaBar results for $K^-K^0$ and results implied by $e^+ e^-$ cross sections and CVC for the higher-multiplicity modes. We find $α_s(m_τ)=0.3077\pm 0.0075$, which corresponds to $α_s(m_Z)=0.1171\pm 0.0010$. Finally, we comment on some of the shortcomings in the criticism of our approach by Pich and Rodriguez-Sanchez.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of The XVth Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum Conference, August 1st-6th, 2022, Univ. of Stavanger, Norway
$\mathrm{O_2}$ reduction at a DMSO/Cu(111) model battery interface
Creators: name: Demling, Angelika
name: King, Sarah B.
name: Shushkov, Philip
name: Stähler, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to develop a better understanding of electrochemical $\mathrm{O_2}$ reduction in non-aqueous solvents, we apply two-photon photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the dynamics of $\mathrm{O_2}$ reduction at a DMSO/Cu(111) model battery interface. By analyzing the temporal evolution of the photoemission signal, we observe the formation of $\mathrm{O_2^-}$ from a trapped electron state at the DMSO/vacuum interface. We find the vertical binding energy of $\mathrm{O_2^-}$ to be 3.80 $\pm$ 0.05 eV, in good agreement with previous results from electrochemical measurements, but with improved accuracy, potentially serving as a basis for future calculations on the kinetics of electron transfer at electrode interfaces. Modelling the $\mathrm{O_2}$ diffusion through the DMSO layer enables us to quantify the activation energy of diffusion (31 $\pm$ 6 meV), the diffusion constant (1 $\pm$ 1$\cdot 10^{-8}$ cm$^2$/s), and the reaction quenching distance for electron transfer to $\mathrm{O_2}$ in DMSO (12.4 $\pm$ 0.4 $\unicode{x212B}$), a critical value for evaluating possible mechanisms for electrochemical side reactions. These results ultimately will inform the development and optimization of metal-air batteries in non-aqueous solvents.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Raumontologie und Raumfahrt um 1600 und 1900
Creators: name: Heuser, Marie-Luise
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Raumfahrt , Bruno, Giordano , Philosophie , Ganswindt, Hermann
subject: 100
subject: 620
subject: 700
subject: Raumkonzept
subject: conception of space
subject: space travel
subject: philosophy

description: Ausgangsthese des Beitrages ist, dass die technische Raumfahrt das Produkt eines langen kulturellen Prozesses ist. Wesentliche Marksteine waren hierbei die Entwicklung von neuen Raumkonzepten in der Renaissance und die virtuellen Raumfahrten in Giordano Brunos Philosophie, der bald schon literarische Fahrten zum Mond folgten. Der Raum als unbegrenzte Entität sprengte die an einer gegenständlichen Repräsentation orientierte Dingontologie. Der leere Raum wurde nun nicht mehr als ein Körper begriffen, sondern als ein unendliches Möglichkeitsfeld, das dem Menschen zahllose, noch unbekannte Welten eröffnete. Zur realen Erkundung dieser Welten konstruierten schließlich die Raumfahrtpioniere technisch funktionierende "Weltenfahrzeuge". Ferne Sonnensysteme sind damit bis heute nicht zu erreichen. Möglicherweise bietet die aktuell neue Ontologie eines dynamisch aufgefassten Raumes dafür eine wissenschaftliche Grundlage.
Observing dynamical friction in galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Adhikari, Susmita
name: Dalal, Neal
name: Clampitt, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel method to detect the effects of dynamical friction in observed galaxy clusters. Following accretion into clusters, massive satellite galaxies will backsplash to systematically smaller radii than less massive satellites, an effect that may be detected by stacking the number density profiles of galaxies around clusters. We show that this effect may be understood using a simple toy model which reproduces the trends with halo properties observed in simulations. We search for this effect using SDSS redMaPPer clusters with richness 10-20) satellites at 99% confidence.
description: 6 pages, to be submitted to JCAP
A long life of excess: The interacting transient SN 2017hcc
Creators: name: Moran, S.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Pastorello, A.
name: Benetti, S.
name: Brennan, S. J.
name: Gutiérrez, C. P.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Kuncarayakti, H.
name: Mattila, S.
name: Reynolds, T. M.
name: Anderson, J. P.
name: Brown, P. J.
name: Campana, S.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Chen, T. -W.
name: Della Valle, M.
name: Dennefeld, M.
name: Elias-Rosa, N.
name: Galbany, L.
name: Galindo-Guil, F. J.
name: Gromadzki, M.
name: Hiramatsu, D.
name: Inserra, C.
name: Leloudas, G.
name: Müller-Bravo, T. E.
name: Nicholl, M.
name: Reguitti, A.
name: Shahbandeh, M.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Tartaglia, L.
name: Young, D. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we present the results of a five-year follow-up campaign of the long-lived type IIn supernova SN 2017hcc, found in a spiral dwarf host of near-solar metallicity. The long rise time (57 $\pm$ 2 days, ATLAS $o$ band) and high luminosity (peaking at $-$20.78 $\pm$ 0.01 mag in the ATLAS $o$ band) point towards an interaction of massive ejecta with massive and dense circumstellar material (CSM). The evolution of SN 2017hcc is slow, both spectroscopically and photometrically, reminiscent of the long-lived type IIn, SN 2010jl. An infrared (IR) excess was apparent soon after the peak, and blueshifts were noticeable in the Balmer lines starting from a few hundred days, but appeared to be fading by around +1200 days. We posit that an IR light echo from pre-existing dust dominates at early times, with some possible condensation of new dust grains occurring at epochs >$\sim$+800 days.
description: Accepted to A&A
Distinct transcriptional identity of pioneer neurons
Creators: name: Woodruff, Benjamin
name: Miller, Lauren
name: Calistri, Nicholas
name: Heiser, Laura M.
name: Nechiporuk, Alex
Publisher: name: Oregon Health and Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Zebrafish
subject: Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor
subject: Axons
subject: Neurons
subject: Neurogenesis
subject: Transcriptional identity

description: Pioneer neurons are the first to extend their axons into a target tissue during nervous system development. Pioneer axon tracts act as a scaffold for subsequent extension of follower neuron axons. Pioneer neurons have been well documented in the central and peripheral nervous systems of both vertebrates and invertebrates, but their molecular make-up remains poorly understood.
Acute and chronic effects of ischaemia and reperfusion injury in syngeneic and allogeneic kidney transplantation
Creators: name: Coulson., Mark Timothy
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
GMRT detections of low mass young stars at 323 and 608 MHz
Creators: name: Ainsworth, Rachael E.
name: Scaife, Anna M. M.
name: Green, David A.
name: Coughlan, Colm P.
name: Ray, Tom P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a pathfinder project conducted with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) to investigate protostellar systems at low radio frequencies. The goal of these investigations is to locate the break in the free-free spectrum where the optical depth equals unity in order to constrain physical parameters of these systems, such as the mass of the ionised gas surrounding these young stars. We detect all three target sources, L1551 IRS 5 (Class I), T Tau and DG Tau (Class II), at frequencies 323 and 608 MHz (wavelengths 90 and 50 cm, respectively). These are the first detections of low mass young stellar objects (YSOs) at such low frequencies. We combine these new GMRT data with archival information to construct the spectral energy distributions for each system and find a continuation of the optically thin free-free spectra extrapolated from higher radio frequencies to 323 MHz for each target. We use these results to place limits on the masses of the ionised gas and average electron densities associated with these young systems on scales of ~1000 au. Future observations with higher angular resolution at lower frequencies are required to constrain these physical parameters further.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
On the extension of the frequency maps of the KdV and the KdV2 equations
Creators: name: Kappeler, Thomas
name: Molnar, Jan-Cornelius
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37K10 (primary) 35Q53, 35D05 (secondary)

description: In form of a case study for the KdV and the KdV2 equations, we present a novel approach of representing the frequencies of integrable PDEs which allows to extend them analytically to spaces of low regularity and to study their asymptotics. Applications include convexity properties of the Hamiltonians and wellposedness results in spaces of low regularity. In particular, it is proved that on $H^{s}$ the KdV2 equation is $C^{0}$-wellposed if $s\ge 0$ and illposed (in a strong sense) if $s < 0$.
description: 76 pages
Search for the $a_0(980)-f_0(980)$ mixing in weak decays of $D_s/B_s$ mesons
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scalar mesons $a^0_0(980)$ and $f_0(980)$ can mix with each other through isospin violating effects, and the mixing intensity has been predicted at the percent level in various theoretical models. However the mixing has not been firmed established on the experimental side to date. In this work we explore the possibility to extract the $a_0-f_0$ mixing intensity using weak decays of heavy mesons: $D_s\to [π^0η, ππ] e^+ν$, $B_s\to [π^0η, ππ]\ell^+\ell^-$ and the $B_s\to J/ψ[π^0η,π^+π^-]$ decays. Based on the large amount of data accumulated by various experimental facilities including BEPC-II, LHC, Super KEKB and the future colliders, we find that the $a_0-f_0$ mixing intensity might be determined to a high precision, which will lead to a better understanding of the nature of scalar mesons.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Disentangling Past-Future Modeling in Sequential Recommendation via Dual Networks
Creators: name: Zhang, Hengyu
name: Yuan, Enming
name: Guo, Wei
name: He, Zhicheng
name: Qin, Jiarui
name: Guo, Huifeng
name: Chen, Bo
name: Li, Xiu
name: Tang, Ruiming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Sequential recommendation (SR) plays an important role in personalized recommender systems because it captures dynamic and diverse preferences from users' real-time increasing behaviors. Unlike the standard autoregressive training strategy, future data (also available during training) has been used to facilitate model training as it provides richer signals about user's current interests and can be used to improve the recommendation quality. However, these methods suffer from a severe training-inference gap, i.e., both past and future contexts are modeled by the same encoder when training, while only historical behaviors are available during inference. This discrepancy leads to potential performance degradation. To alleviate the training-inference gap, we propose a new framework DualRec, which achieves past-future disentanglement and past-future mutual enhancement by a novel dual network. Specifically, a dual network structure is exploited to model the past and future context separately. And a bi-directional knowledge transferring mechanism enhances the knowledge learnt by the dual network. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets demonstrate the superiority of our approach over baseline methods. Besides, we demonstrate the compatibility of DualRec by instantiating using RNN, Transformer, and filter-MLP as backbones. Further empirical analysis verifies the high utility of modeling future contexts under our DualRec framework. The code of DualRec is publicly available at https://github.com/zhy99426/DualRec.
description: Accept by CIKM 2022
Multiscale inference for a multivariate density with applications to X-ray astronomy
Creators: name: Eckle, Konstantin
name: Bissantz, Nicolai
name: Dette, Holger
name: Proksch, Katharina
name: Einecke, Sabrina
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: multiple tests
subject: X-ray astronomy
subject: multivariate density
subject: modes
subject: 310
subject: 330
subject: 620

description: In this paper we propose methods for inference of the geometric features of a multivariate density. Our approach uses multiscale tests for the monotonicity of the density at arbitrary points in arbitrary directions. In particular, a significance test for a mode at a specific point is constructed. Moreover, we develop multiscale methods for identifying regions of monotonicity and a general procedure for detecting the modes of a multivari- ate density. It is is shown that the latter method localizes the modes with an effectively optimal rate. The theoretical results are illustrated by means of a simulation study and a data example. The new method is applied to and motivated by the determination and verification of the position of high-energy sources from X-ray observations by the Swift satellite which is important for a multiwavelength analysis of objects such as Active Galactic Nuclei.
description: Discussion Paper / SFB823;14, 2016
Sulphur monoxide emission tracing an embedded planet in the HD 100546 protoplanetary disk
Creators: name: Booth, Alice S.
name: Ilee, John D.
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Kama, Mihkel
name: Keyte, Luke
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Nomura, Hideko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular line observations are powerful tracers of the physical and chemical conditions across the different evolutionary stages of star, disk and planet formation. Using the high angular resolution and unprecedented sensitivity of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) there is now a drive to detect small-scale gas structures in protoplanetary disks that can be attributed directly to forming planets. We report high angular resolution ALMA Band 7 observations of sulphur monoxide (SO) in the nearby planet-hosting disk around Herbig star HD 100546. SO is rarely detected in evolved protoplanetary disks but in other environments, it is most often utilised as a tracer of shocks. The SO emission from the HD 100546 disk is primarily originating from gas within the approx. 20 au mm-dust cavity and shows a clear azimuthal brightness asymmetry of a factor of 2. In addition, we see a significant difference in the line profile shape when comparing these new Cycle 7 data to Cycle 0 data of the same SO transitions. We discuss the different physical/chemical mechanisms that could be responsible for this asymmetry and time variability including disk winds, disk warps, and a shock triggered by a (forming) planet. We propose that the SO is enhanced in the cavity due to the presence of a giant planet. The SO asymmetry complements evidence for hot circumplanetary material around the giant planet HD 100546 c traced via CO ro-vibrational emission. This work sets the stage for further observational and modelling efforts to detect and understand the chemical imprint of a forming planet on its parent disk.
description: Accepted A&A 24th October
The Scales of Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: De Paolis, Francesco
name: Giordano, Mosè
name: Ingrosso, Gabriele
name: Manni, Luigi
name: Nucita, Achille
name: Strafella, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After exactly a century since the formulation of the general theory of relativity, the phenomenon of gravitational lensing is still an extremely powerful method for investigating in astrophysics and cosmology. Indeed, it is adopted to study the distribution of the stellar component in the Milky Way, to study dark matter and dark energy on very large scales and even to discover exoplanets. Moreover, thanks to technological developments, it will allow the measure of the physical parameters (mass, angular momentum and electric charge) of supermassive black holes in the center of ours and nearby galaxies.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures. Invited review for Universe
Influence of Different Strain Rates on the Flow Curve and the Formability of Thin Aluminium and Tinplate Sheets
Creators: name: Linnemann, M.
name: Lieber, T.
name: Scheffler, C.
name: Psyk, V.
name: Müller, R.
name: Landgrebe, D.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: material
subject: high speed tensile test
subject: can manufacturing
subject: 620
subject: 670

description: Due to this high number of produced units and the very thin sheet metals used for beverage cans, precise production processes with high production volumes are necessary. To save expenses, while optimising these processes, numerical simulation methods are exploited. Considering this, it is indispensable to identify the material behaviour as exactly as possible. In practise, often results of quasi static tensile tests are used, although these are insufficient for the precise modelling of the material behaviour during can production, since strain rates of up to 10³ s-1 can occur, here. Therefore, quasi static and high speed tensile test have been done on specimens featuring the typical materials and thicknesses of semi-finished parts used for beverage can production. The results were compared with similar materials at higher sheet metal thicknesses and authenticated by numerical simulation. It was shown that there is an influence of the strain rate on the material behaviour and it is necessary to determine material characteristics at strain rates, which are close to the process speed. Furthermore, the results were classified in their signification for beverage can production and forming technologies in general.
title: Computerunterstützte Sacherschließung
title: Der Digitale Assistent BW für die Sacherschließung – V2
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Hinrichs, Imma
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Inhaltserschließung
subject: computerunterstützes Verfahren
subject: 000
subject: Indexierung
subject: Inhaltserschließung

description: Der Digitale Assistent (DA) für die Sacherschließung wird in der Version 2, die in Baden-Württemberg zum Einsatz kommt, vorgestellt. Er unterstützt durch automatische Verfahren die intellektuelle inhaltliche Erschließung und besitzt in der Version 2 ganz neue Funktionalitäten.
title: Zweizeitiges chirurgisches Vorgehen zur Therapie von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Gesichtshaut
Creators: name: Smolka, Wenko
name: Tröltzsch, Matthias
name: Ehrenfeld, Michael
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Vorgestellt werden soll die Auswertung eines zweizeitigen Vorgehens bei der chirurgischen Therapie von Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Gesichtshaut. Material und Methoden: 79 Patienten, die im Zeitraum von 2005 bis 2014 wegen Plattenepithelkarzinomen der Gesichtshaut stationär behandelt[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie
title: Große hepatozelluläre Karzinome: Plädoyer für ein primär chirurgisches Vorgehen
Creators: name: Eisele, Robert M.
name: Seidel, Roland
name: Von Heesen, Maximilian
name: Junkes, Christina
name: Schuld, Jochen
name: Glanemann, Matthias
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Große Hepatozelluläre Karzinome (gHCC) über 3 cm werden in das Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Stadium B eingestuft und haben eine schlechte Prognose. Die empfohlene Standardtherapie ist die transarterielle Chemoembolisation (TACE). gHCC in Zirrhose sind nicht selten [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie
title: Klassische Rautenplastik nach Limberg zur Behandlung einer sakro-kokzygealen Pilonidalsinuserkrankung
Creators: name: Ardelt, Michael
name: Settmacher, Utz
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Die sakro-kokzygeale Pilonidalsinus-Erkrankung ist ein häufiges chirurgisches Krankheitsbild. In der aktuellen Pilonidal Sinus AWMF-S3 Leitlinie werden neben der alleinigen Exzision auch plastische Verfahren wie bspw. die cleft-lift Operation nach Bascom, die Karydakisplastik auch die[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 133. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Chirurgie
Scalar fields and Lifshitz black holes from Derrick's theorem evasion
Creators: name: Moreira, D. C.
name: Brito, F. A
name: Mota-Silva, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study classical scalar fields in asymptotically Lifshitz spacetimes. By evading Derrick's theorem requiring the scalar potential to explicitly depend on the background coordinates, we induce a diffeomorphism invariance breaking and settle a first-order formalism to find spatially localized solutions in the probe field limit. By inserting a backreaction equipped with a cosmological constant and a Maxwell term coupled to a dielectric function in the model, we find a Lifshitz black hole solution.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, corrected typos, accepted in PRD
History of two mass loss processes in VY CMa. Fast outflows carving older ejecta
Creators: name: Quintana-Lacaci, G.
name: Velilla-Prieto, L.
name: Agúndez, M.
name: Fonfría, J. P.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Decin, L.
name: Castro-Carrizo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Red supergiant stars (RSGs, Minit = 10-40Msun) are known to eject large amounts of material, as much as half of their initial mass during this evolutionary phase. However, the processes powering the mass ejection in low- and intermediate-mass stars do not work for RSGs and the mechanism that drives the ejection remains unknown. Different mechanisms have been proposed as responsible for this mass ejection but so far little is known about the actual processes taking place in these objects. Here we present high angular resolution interferometric ALMA maps of VY CMa continuum and molecular emission, which resolve the structure of the ejecta with unprecedented detail. The study of the molecular emission from the ejecta around evolved stars has been shown to be an essential tool in determining the characteristics of the mass loss ejections. Our aim is thus to use the information provided by these observations to understand the ejections undergone by VY CMa and to determine their possible origins. We inspected the kinematics of molecular emission observed. We obtained position-velocity diagrams and reconstructed the 3D structure of the gas traced by the different species. It allowed us to study the morphology and kinematics of the gas traced by the different species surrounding VY CMa. Two types of ejecta are clearly observed: extended, irregular, and vast ejecta surrounding the star that are carved by localized fast outflows. The structure of the outflows is found to be particularly flat. We present a 3D reconstruction of these outflows and proof of the carving. This indicates that two different mass loss processes take place in this massive star. We tentatively propose the physical cause for the formation of both types of structures. These results provide essential information on the mass loss processes of RSGs and thus of their further evolution.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Remarks on the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality in relativistic quantum field theory
Creators: name: Peruzzo, Giovani
name: Sorella, Silvio Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation of the $CHSH$ inequality within a relativistic quantum field theory model built up with a pair of free massive scalar fields $(φ_A, φ_B)$ where, as it is customary, the indices $(A,B)$ refer to Alice and Bob, respectively. A set of bounded Hermitian operators is introduced by making use of the Weyl operators. A $CHSH$ type correlator is constructed and evaluated in the Fock vacuum by means of the canonical quantization. Although the observed violation of the $CHSH$ inequality turns out to be rather small as compared to Tsirelson's bound of Quantum Mechanics, the model can be employed for the study of Bell's inequalities in the more physical case of gauge theories such as: the Higgs models, for which local $BRST$ invariant operators describing both the massive gauge boson as well as the Higgs particle have been devised. These operators can be naturally exponentiated, leading to $BRST$ invariant type of Weyl operators useful to analyze Bell's inequalities within an invariant $BRST$ environment.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
The biophysical and biochemical characterization of hepatitis A virus
Creators: name: Coulepis., Anthony Gregory
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Extragalactic magnetism with SOFIA (SALSA Legacy Program). VI. The magnetic fields in the multi-phase interstellar medium of the Antennae galaxies
Creators: name: Lopez-Rodriguez, Enrique
name: Borlaff, Alejandro S.
name: Beck, Rainer
name: Reach, William T.
name: Mao, Sui Ann
name: Ntormousi, Evangelia
name: Tassis, Konstantinos
name: Martin-Alvarez, Sergio
name: Clark, Susan E.
name: Dale, Daniel A.
name: del Moral-Castro, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers are thought to be a fundamental channel for galaxy growth, perturbing the gas dynamics and the magnetic fields (B-fields) in the interstellar medium (ISM). However, the mechanisms that amplify and dissipate B-fields during a merger remain unclear. We characterize the morphology of the ordered B-fields in the multi-phase ISM of the closest merger of two spiral galaxies, the Antennae galaxies. We compare the inferred B-fields using $154~μ$m thermal dust and $11$ cm radio synchrotron emission polarimetric observations. We find that the $154~μ$m B-fields are more ordered across the Antennae galaxies than the $11$ cm B-fields. The turbulent-to-ordered $154~μ$m B-field increases at the galaxy cores and star-forming regions. The relic spiral arm has an ordered spiral $154~μ$m B-field, while the $11$ cm B-field is radial. The $154~μ$m B-field may be dominated by turbulent dynamos with high $^{12}$CO(1-0) velocity dispersion driven by star-forming regions, while the $11$ cm B-field is cospatial with high HI velocity dispersion driven by galaxy interaction. This result shows the dissociation between the warm gas mainly disturbed by the merger, and the dense gas still following the dynamics of the relic spiral arm. We find a $\sim8.9$ kpc scale ordered B-field connecting the two galaxies. The base of the tidal tail is cospatial with the HI and $^{12}$CO(1-0) emission and has compressed and/or sheared $154~μ$m and $11$ cm B-fields driven by the merger. We suggest that amplify B-fields, with respect to the rest of the system and other spiral galaxies, may be supporting the gas flow between both galaxies and the tidal tail.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
The Effects of Grain Size and Temperature Distributions on the Formation of Interstellar Ice Mantles
Creators: name: Pauly, Tyler
name: Garrod, Robin T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Computational models of interstellar gas-grain chemistry have historically adopted a single dust-grain size of 0.1 micron, assumed to be representative of the size distribution present in the interstellar medium. Here, we investigate the effects of a broad grain-size distribution on the chemistry on dust-grain surfaces and the subsequent build-up of molecular ices on the grains, using a three-phase gas-grain chemical model of a quiescent dark cloud. We include an explicit treatment of the grain temperatures, governed both by the visual extinction of the cloud and the size of each individual grain-size population. We find that the temperature difference plays a significant role in determining the total bulk ice composition across the grain-size distribution, while the effects of geometrical differences between size populations appear marginal. We also consider collapse from a diffuse to a dark cloud, allowing dust temperatures to fall. Under the initial diffuse conditions, small grains are too warm to promote grain-mantle build-up, with most ices forming on the mid-sized grains. As collapse proceeds, the more abundant, smallest grains cool and become the dominant ice carriers; the large population of small grains means that this ice is distributed across many grains, with perhaps no more than 40 monolayers of ice each (versus several hundred assuming a single grain size). This effect may be important for the subsequent processing and desorption of the ice during the hot-core phase of star-formation, exposing a significant proportion of the ice to the gas phase, increasing the importance of ice-surface chemistry and surface-gas interactions.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Finding the ground state of a lattice gauge theory with fermionic tensor networks: a $2+1d$ $\mathbb{Z}_2$ demonstration
Creators: name: Emonts, Patrick
name: Kelman, Ariel
name: Borla, Umberto
name: Moroz, Sergej
name: Gazit, Snir
name: Zohar, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tensor network states, and in particular Projected Entangled Pair States (PEPS) have been a strong ansatz for the variational study of complicated quantum many-body systems, thanks to their built-in entanglement entropy area law. In this work, we use a special kind of PEPS - Gauged Gaussian Fermionic PEPS (GGFPEPS) to find the ground state of $2+1d$ dimensional pure $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theories for a wide range of coupling constants. We do so by combining PEPS methods with Monte-Carlo computations, allowing for efficient contraction of the PEPS and computation of correlation functions. Previously, such numerical computations involved the calculation of the Pfaffian of a matrix scaling with the system size, forming a severe bottleneck; in this work we show how to overcome this problem. This paves the way for applying the method we propose and benchmark here to other gauge groups, higher dimensions, and models with fermionic matter, in an efficient, sign-problem-free way.
Do Miras show the long secondary periods?
Creators: name: Pawlak, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long secondary period (LSP) phenomenon, which is commonly observed in pulsating red giants, has not been detected in any Mira yet. The goal of this paper is to verify, if there is a physical reason for this or if it is simply an observational bias. The OGLE-III Sample of Long Period Variables in the Large Magellanic Cloud, containing 1663 Miras, is used to perform a search for secondary periodicity in these objects and identify candidates for the long secondary period stars based on the location on the period-luminosity diagram. Out of 1663 Miras, 108 were identified as potential candidates, with variability broadly consistent with LSP. This makes 7% of the whole Mira sample in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Most, if not all of the Mira LSP candidates are C-rich stars. The results of this analysis suggest that Miras may exhibit long secondary periods. However, the long-term variability can also be related to period and amplitude irregularities that Miras are known to exhibit. Further study will be necessary to draw a definitive conclusion.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
On Exotic Systems of Baryons in Chiral Soliton Models
Creators: name: Kopeliovich, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The role of zero mode quantum corrections to the energy of baryonic systems with exotic quantum numbers (strangeness) is discussed. A simple expression for the contribution depending on strange inertia is obtained in the $SU(3)-$collective coordinate quantization approach, and it is shown that this correction stabilizes the systems the stronger the greater their baryon number is. Furthemore, systems are considered which could be interpreted in the quark model language as containing additional $q\bar q-$pairs. It is argued that a strange skyrmion crystal should have additional binding in comparison with the $SU(2)-$quantized neutron crystal.
description: 6 pages, no figures; electronic version of the paper published in Phys. Lett. B259 (1991) 234; NORDITA preprint 90/55 (1990); sections names and 2 footnotes added
Extreme eigenvalues and the emerging outlier in rank-one non-Hermitian deformations of the Gaussian Unitary Ensemble
Creators: name: Fyodorov, Yan V.
name: Khoruzhenko, Boris A.
name: Poplavskyi, Mihail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex eigenvalues of random matrices $J=\text{GUE }+ iγ\diag (1, 0, \ldots, 0)$ provide the simplest model for studying resonances in wave scattering from a quantum chaotic system via a single open channel. It is known that in the limit of large matrix dimensions $N\gg 1$ the eigenvalue density of $J$ undergoes an abrupt restructuring at $γ= 1$, the critical threshold beyond which a single eigenvalue outlier (``broad resonance'') appears. We provide a detailed description of this restructuring transition, including the scaling with $N$ of the width of the critical region about the outlier threshold $γ=1$ and the associated scaling for the real parts (``resonance positions'') and imaginary parts (``resonance widths'') of the eigenvalues which are farthest away from the real axis. In the critical regime we determine the density of such extreme eigenvalues, and show how the outlier gradually separates itself from the rest of the extreme eigenvalues. Finally, we describe the fluctuations in the height of the eigenvalue outlier for large but finite $N$ in terms of the associated large deviation function.
description: Revised version: Introduction is expanded to include more details and comparison of our results to the recent work of Dubach and Erdos; the discussion of universality of the exponent -1/3 in Section 2 clarifies how how this exponent is linked to the shape of the eigenvalue density of the undeformed matrix, several references and acknowledgements are added
Traveling phase waves in asymmetric networks of noisy chaotic attractors
Creators: name: Peron, Thomas K. DM.
name: Kurths, Jürgen
name: Rodrigues, Francisco A.
name: Schimansky-Geier, Lutz
name: Sonnenschein, Bernard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore identical Rössler systems organized into two equally-sized groups, among which differing positive and negative in- and out-coupling strengths are allowed. Patterns of distinctly synchronized phase dynamics are observed, which coexist with chaotically evolving amplitudes. In particular, we report the emergence of traveling phase waves, i.e. states in which the oscillators settle on a new rhythm different from their own. We further elucidate our findings through phase-coupled Rössler systems, establishing a connection with the Kuramoto model. Together with the study of noise effects, our results suggest a promising new avenue towards the coexistence of chaotic, noisy and regular collective dynamics.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures and Supplemental Material
Atom-Specific Probing of Electron Dynamics in an Atomic Adsorbate by Time-Resolved X-ray Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Schreck, Simon
name: Diesen, Elias
name: Dell'Angela, Martina
name: Liu, Chang
name: Weston, Matthew
name: Capotondi, Flavio
name: Ogasawara, Hirohito
name: LaRue, Jerry
name: Costantini, Roberto
name: Beye, Martin
name: Miedema, Piter S.
name: Stenlid, Joakim Halldin
name: Gladh, Jörgen
name: Liu, Boyang
name: Wang, Hsin-Yi
name: Perakis, Fivos
name: Cavalca, Filippo
name: Koroidov, Sergey
name: Amann, Peter
name: Pedersoli, Emanuele
name: Naumenko, Denys
name: Nikolov, Ivaylo
name: Raimondi, Lorenzo
name: Abild-Pedersen, Frank
name: Heinz, Tony F.
name: Voss, Johannes
name: Luntz, Alan C.
name: Nilsson, Anders
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic excitation occurring on adsorbates at ultrafast time scales from optical lasers that initiate surface chemical reactions is still an open question. Here, we report the ultrafast temporal evolution of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) of a simple well known adsorbate prototype system, namely carbon (C) atoms adsorbed on a nickel (Ni(100)) surface, following intense laser optical pumping at 400 nm. We observe ultrafast (~100 fs) changes in both XAS and XES showing clear signatures of the formation of a hot electron-hole pair distribution on the adsorbate. This is followed by slower changes on a few ps time scale, shown to be consistent with thermalization of the complete C/Ni system. Density functional theory spectrum simulations support this interpretation.
description: 33 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to Physical Review Letters
Scalings of intermittent structures in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Zhdankin, Vladimir
name: Boldyrev, Stanislav
name: Uzdensky, Dmitri A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulence is ubiquitous in plasmas, leading to rich dynamics characterized by irregularity, irreversibility, energy fluctuations across many scales, and energy transfer across many scales. Another fundamental and generic feature of turbulence, although sometimes overlooked, is the inhomogeneous dissipation of energy in space and in time. This is a consequence of intermittency, the scale-dependent inhomogeneity of dynamics caused by fluctuations in the turbulent cascade. Intermittency causes turbulent plasmas to self-organize into coherent dissipative structures, which may govern heating, diffusion, particle acceleration, and radiation emissions. In this paper, we present recent progress on understanding intermittency in incompressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence with a strong guide field. We focus on the statistical analysis of intermittent dissipative structures, which occupy a small fraction of the volume but arguably account for the majority of energy dissipation. We show that, in our numerical simulations, intermittent structures in the current density, vorticity, and Elsässer vorticities all have nearly identical statistical properties. We propose phenomenological explanations for the scalings based on general considerations of Elsässer vorticity structures. Finally, we examine the broader implications of intermittency for astrophysical systems.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physics of Plasmas