cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effects of antipsychotic medications on emotion perception in patients with chronic schizophrenia in the CATIE trial
Creators: name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Penn, David L.
name: Losardo, Diane
name: Davis, Sonia M.
name: Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
name: Meyer, Piper S.
name: Keefe, Richard S.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: AbstractFew pharmacological intervention studies have examined the impact of medication on social cognition, particularly emotion perception. The goal of this randomized, double-blind study is to compare the effects of several second generation antipsychotics and a first generation antipsychotic, perphenazine, on emotion perception in individuals with schizophrenia. Patients were assigned to receive treatment with olanzapine, queitapine fumarate, risperidone, ziprasidone or perphenazine for up to 18months. Eight hundred and seventy three patients completed an emotion perception test immediately prior to randomization and after 2months of treatment. We also examined baseline predictors of emotion perception change. Most treatments were associated with a small, non-statistically significant improvement in emotion perception at two months, although they did not differ from one another. Greater improvement in emotion perception at 2months was significantly predicted by lower baseline emotion perception and higher baseline neurocognitive functioning, and marginally predicted by less time on an antipsychotic.
Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves from double compact binaries - perspectives for the Einstein Telescope
Creators: name: Biesiada, Marek
name: Ding, Xuheng
name: Piorkowska, Aleksandra
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave (GW) experiments are entering their advanced stage which should soon open a new observational window on the Universe. Looking into this future, the Einstein Telescope (ET) was designed to have a fantastic sensitivity improving significantly over the advanced GW detectors. One of the most important astrophysical GW sources supposed to be detected by the ET in large numbers are double compact objects (DCO) and some of such events should be gravitationally lensed by intervening galaxies. We explore the prospects of observing gravitationally lensed inspiral DCO events in the ET. This analysis is a significant extension of our previous paper. We are using the intrinsic merger rates of the whole class of DCO (NS-NS,BH-NS,BH-BH)located at different redshifts as calculated by Dominik et al. by using {\tt StarTrack} population synthesis evolutionary code. We discuss in details predictions from each evolutionary scenario. Our general conclusion is that ET would register about $50-100$ strongly lensed inspiral events per year. Only the scenario in which nascent BHs receive strong kick gives the predictions of a few events per year. Such lensed events would be dominated by the BH-BH merging binary systems. Our results suggest that during a few years of successful operation ET will provide a considerable catalog of strongly lensed events.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, submitted to JCAP
Doctoral thesis recital (viola)
Creators: name: Song, Jingyi
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Suites (Viola and piano)
Sonatas (Viola and piano)

description: Viola sonata in D major / Mikhail Glinka -- Suite for viola and piano / Ernest Bloch -- Sonata no. 2 / William Flackton -- Encore
Jet-induced star formation in 3C 285 and Minkowski Object
Creators: name: Salomé, Q.
name: Salomé, P.
name: Combes, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: How efficiently star formation proceeds in galaxies is still an open question. Recent studies suggest that AGN can regulate the gas accretion and thus slow down star formation (negative feedback). However, evidence of AGN positive feedback has also been observed in a few radio galaxies (eg. Centaurus A). Here we present CO observations of 3C 285 and Minkowski Object (MO), which are examples of jet-induced star formation. A spot (named 09.6) aligned with the 3C 285 radio jet, at a projected distance of ~70 kpc from the galaxy centre, shows star formation, detected in optical emission. MO is located along the jet of NGC 541 and also shows star formation. To know the distribution of molecular gas along the jets is a way to study the physical processes at play in the AGN interaction with the intergalactic medium. We observed CO lines in 3C 285, NGC 541, 09.6 and MO with the IRAM-30m telescope. In the central galaxies, the spectra present a double-horn profile, typical of a rotation pattern, from which we are able to estimate the molecular gas density profile of the galaxy. The molecular gas appears to be in a compact reservoir. In addition, no kinematic signature of a molecular outflow is detected by the 30m-telescope. Interestingly, 09.6 and MO are not detected in CO. The cold gas mass upper limits are consistent with a star formation induced by the compression of dense ambient material by the jet. The depletion time scales are of the order of and even smaller than what is found in 3C 285, NGC 541 and local spiral galaxies (10^9 yr). The molecular gas surface density in 09.6 follows a Schmidt-Kennicutt law if the emitting region is very compact, while MO is found to have a much higher SFE (very short depletion time). Higher sensitivity and spatial resolution are necessary to detect CO in the spots of star formation, and map the emission in these jet-induced star forming regions.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&A
Variance of ML-based software fault predictors: are we really improving fault prediction?
Creators: name: Shahini, Xhulja
name: Bubel, Domenic
name: Metzger, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software quality assurance activities become increasingly difficult as software systems become more and more complex and continuously grow in size. Moreover, testing becomes even more expensive when dealing with large-scale systems. Thus, to effectively allocate quality assurance resources, researchers have proposed fault prediction (FP) which utilizes machine learning (ML) to predict fault-prone code areas. However, ML algorithms typically make use of stochastic elements to increase the prediction models' generalizability and efficiency of the training process. These stochastic elements, also known as nondeterminism-introducing (NI) factors, lead to variance in the training process and as a result, lead to variance in prediction accuracy and training time. This variance poses a challenge for reproducibility in research. More importantly, while fault prediction models may have shown good performance in the lab (e.g., often-times involving multiple runs and averaging outcomes), high variance of results can pose the risk that these models show low performance when applied in practice. In this work, we experimentally analyze the variance of a state-of-the-art fault prediction approach. Our experimental results indicate that NI factors can indeed cause considerable variance in the fault prediction models' accuracy. We observed a maximum variance of 10.10% in terms of the per-class accuracy metric. We thus, also discuss how to deal with such variance.
Semiclassical evidence of columnar order in the fully frustrated transverse field Ising model on the square lattice
Creators: name: Coletta, Tommaso
name: Korshunov, Sergey E.
name: Mila, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the zero-temperature phase diagram of the fully frustrated transverse field Ising model on the square lattice both in the classical limit and in the presence of quantum fluctuations. At the classical level (the limit of infinite spin $S$), we find that upon decreasing the transverse field $Γ$ this model exhibits a phase transition from the fully polarized state into an eight-fold degenerate translational symmetry breaking state. This phase can be identified to correspond to plaquette order in the dimer language and remains the lowest-energy state in the entire range of fields below the critical one, $Γ_c$. The eight-fold degenerate solution which corresponds to columnar order in the dimer language is a saddle point of the classical energy. It is degenerate with the plaquette solution at $Γ=0$ and is only slightly higher in energy in the whole interval $0
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
The relation of antipsychotic and antidepressant medication with baseline symptoms and symptom progression: A naturalistic study of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Sample
Creators: name: Addington, Jean
name: Heinssen, Robert
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: Seidman, Larry J.
name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
name: Walker, Elaine F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: A substantial number of patients who meet criteria for a prodromal syndrome for first psychosis are treated with antipsychotic and/or antidepressant medications. There is suggestive evidence that both classes of medication may reduce prodromal symptoms. This longitudinal study examined the relation of antipsychotic and antidepressant medication with prodromal symptom severity at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Participants met Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes (SIPS) criteria for the prodrome, and were evaluated at eight centers as part of the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS).Symptom ratings (positive, negative, disorganized and general) and data on antipsychotics, SSRIs, and other antidepressant medications were obtained at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Analyses revealed that all symptom dimensions declined in severity over time, but there were differences in the magnitude of the decline as a function of antipsychotic medication. Those never on antipsychotics showed less reduction in positive and disorganized symptoms over time. SSRIs and other antidepressants were not linked with declines in symptom severity. Consistent with findings from small-sample, clinical trials, the present results suggest that atypical antipsychotics may be effective in reducing the severity of attenuated positive symptoms associated with the prodrome to psychotic disorders. Limitations of the present study are noted, including the fact that it is not a randomized trial, and data on duration and dosage of medication and 2-year follow-up were not available for most participants. The results are discussed in light of the relative risks and benefits of preventive interventions, both medication and cognitive therapies, and the importance of future clinical trials.
The role of major mergers in the size growth of intermediate-mass spheroids
Creators: name: Kaviraj, S.
name: Huertas-Company, M.
name: Cohen, S.
name: Peirani, S.
name: Windhorst, R. A.
name: O'Connell, R. W.
name: Silk, J.
name: Dopita, M. A.
name: Hathi, N. P.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Mei, S.
name: Rutkowski, M.
name: Ryan, R. E.
name: Shankar, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study of the role of major mergers (mass ratios >1:4) in driving size growth in high-redshift (1 10^10.7 MSun SGs at z<1, then major mergers are also likely to play an important role in the size growth of at least some massive SGs in this mass range.
description: MNRAS in press
Attention deficits in schizophrenia — Preliminary evidence of dissociable transient and sustained deficits
Creators: name: Bellion, Carolyn
name: Belger, Aysenil
name: Carter, James D.
name: Kim, Cy
name: Dichter, Gabriel
name: Carpenter, Kimberly L.H.
name: Bizzell, Josh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Attention deficits are considered to be fundamental in patients with schizophrenia. During attention tasks, patients with schizophrenia have been shown to display increased brain activity in some neuroimaging studies but reduced brain activity in others. These conflicting findings may be due to some study designs primarily eliciting transient engagement of attention and other study designs primarily eliciting sustained engagement of attention.
Strain effects in twisted spiral antimonene
Creators: name: Huang, Ding-Ming
name: Wu, Xu
name: Chang, Kai
name: Hu, Hao
name: Wang, Ye-Liang
name: Xu, H. Q.
name: Zhang, Jian-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: van der Waals (vdW) layered materials exhibit fruitful novel physical properties. The energy band of such materials depends strongly on their structures and a tremendous variation in their physical properties can be deduced from a tiny change in inter-layer spacing, twist angle, or in-plane strain. In this work, a kind of vdW layered material of spiral antimonene is constructed, and the strain effects in the material are studied. The spiral antimonene is grown on a germanium (Ge) substrate and is induced by a helical dislocation penetrating through few-atomic-layers of antimonene (\b{eta}-phase). The as-grown spiral is intrinsically strained and the lattice distortion is found to be pinned around the dislocation. Both spontaneous inter-layer twist and in-plane anisotropic strain are observed in scanning tunneling microscope (STM) measurements. The strain in the spiral antimonene can be significantly modified by STM tip interaction, leading to a variation in the surface electronic density of states (DOS) and a large modification in the work function of up to a few hundreds of milli-electron-volts (meV). Those strain effects are expected to have potential applications in building up novel piezoelectric devices.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, Supporting Information
FRACTOGRAPHY OF NEUTRON IRRADIATED RPV STEELS – A COMPARISON OF SHIFT IN REFERENCE TEMPERATURE AND NET HARDENING
Creators: name: Aniruddh Das
name: Chekhonin, Paul
name: Houska, Mario
name: Obermeier, Florian
name: Altstadt, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FRACTESUS
miniature compact tension
master curve
fracture toughness
reactor pressure vessel

description: Reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels in nuclear reactors face embrittlement due to neutron irradiation. The embrittlement is associated with an increase in the reference temperature obtained via fracture toughness testing using the Master Curve concept. However, the fracture surfaces of some highly embrittled RPV steels exhibit ductile dimples. Through this work, we show that material properties, such as yield strength as a function of temperature, play an important role in determining the net hardening of a material. Additionally, we recorded the location of fracture initiators, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the fracture surfaces of tested mini-C(T) specimens from four different RPV steels, to check whether it was affected by neutron irradiation and side grooving. We detected fracture initiators associated with high fracture toughness at greater distances to the crack tip. The locations of the fracture initiators changed significantly for samples with and without side-grooves and did not change significantly with respect to the irradiation state. We found the primary causes for increased ductility of embrittled RPV steels to be lower irradiation induced hardening and a higher loss in yield strength with increasing temperatures. Caution must therefore be exercised while interpreting the embrittlement of a material using ductile fracture surfaces alone.
description: Open access abstract of PVP2023-103648
Pro-apoptotic Par-4 and dopamine D2 receptor in temporal cortex in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression
Creators: name: Salimi, Kayvon
name: Jarskog, L. Fredrik
name: Glantz, Leisa A.
name: Gilmore, John H.
name: Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
name: Overstreet, David H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Although the etiology of schizophrenia remains unknown, diverse neuropathological evidence suggests a disorder of synaptic connectivity. Apoptosis is a form of cell death that helps determine synaptic circuitry during neurodevelopment and altered regulation of apoptosis has been implicated in schizophrenia. Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is an upstream regulator of apoptosis preferentially localized to synapses. Brain Par-4 levels are upregulated in response to pro-apoptotic stimuli in rodent models and in patients with classic neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, Par-4 was also found to form a complex with the dopamine D2 receptor (D2DR) in competition with the calcium-binding protein calmodulin, implicating Par-4 as an important regulatory component in normal dopamine signaling. Interestingly, mutant mice with disrupted Par-4/D2DR interaction demonstrated depressive-like behaviors, suggesting a potential role for Par-4 in both depression and schizophrenia. In this study, Par-4, D2DR and calmodulin protein levels were measured using semiquantitative Western blotting in postmortem temporal cortex in subjects with schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder. Compared to normal controls, mean Par-4 levels appeared slightly lower in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, in major depression, Par-4 was decreased by 67% compared to normal controls. No differences were found between any groups for calmodulin or for the D2DR 48 kDa band. The D2DR 98 kDa band was lower by 50% in the schizophrenia compared to control groups. Changes in the Par-4/D2DR signaling pathway represent a novel mechanism that may link apoptotic and dopamine signaling pathways in major depression and schizophrenia.
Supplementary document for Tunable slow light device based on graphene metasurface - 6585999.pdf
Creators: name: Gong, Yumin
name: Quan, Baogang
name: HU, Fangrong
name: Jiang, Mingzhu
name: Longhui, Zhang
name: Zhang, Yongjie
name: Liu, Xingpeng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary materials
Spectrum-based estimators of the bivariate Hurst exponent
Creators: name: Kristoufek, Ladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce two new estimators of the bivariate Hurst exponent in the power-law cross-correlations setting -- the cross-periodogram and local $X$-Whittle estimators -- as generalizations of their univariate counterparts. As the spectrum-based estimators are dependent on a part of the spectrum taken into consideration during estimation, a simulation study showing performance of the estimators under varying bandwidth parameter as well as correlation between processes and their specification is provided as well. The newly introduced estimators are less biased than the already existent averaged periodogram estimator which, however, has slightly lower variance. The spectrum-based estimators can serve as a good complement to the popular time domain estimators.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Period bouncers as detached magnetic cataclysmic variables
Creators: name: Schreiber, Matthias R.
name: Belloni, Diogo
name: van Roestel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The general prediction that more than half of all CVs have evolved past the period minimum is in strong disagreement with observational surveys, which show that the relative number of these objects is just a few per cent. Here, we investigate whether a large number of post-period minimum CVs could detach because of the appearance of a strong white dwarf magnetic field potentially generated by a rotation- and crystallization-driven dynamo. We used the MESA code to calculate evolutionary tracks of CVs incorporating the spin evolution and cooling as well as compressional heating of the white dwarf. If the conditions for the dynamo were met, we assumed that the emerging magnetic field of the white dwarf connects to that of the companion star and incorporated the corresponding synchronization torque, which transfers spin angular momentum to the orbit. We find that for CVs with donor masses exceeding 0.04 Msun, magnetic fields are generated mostly if the white dwarfs start to crystallize before the onset of mass transfer. It is possible that a few white dwarf magnetic fields are generated in the period gap. For the remaining CVs, the conditions for the dynamo to work are met beyond the period minimum, when the accretion rate decreased significantly. Synchronization torques cause these systems to detach for several Gyrs even if the magnetic field strength of the white dwarf is just one MG. If the rotation- and crystallization-driven dynamo - which is currently the only mechanism that can explain several observational facts related to magnetism in CVs and their progenitors - or a similar temperature-dependent mechanism is responsible for the generation of magnetic field in white dwarfs, most CVs that have evolved beyond the period minimum must detach for several Gyrs at some point. This reduces the predicted number of semi-detached period bouncers by up to 60-80 per cent.
description: A&A letters, in press
Thermocapillary migration of a droplet with a thermal source at large Reynolds and Marangoni numbers
Creators: name: Wu, Zuo-Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The {\it unsteady} process for thermocapillary droplet migration at large Reynolds and Marangoni numbers has been previously reported by identifying a nonconservative integral thermal flux across the surface in the {\it steady} thermocapillary droplet migration, [Wu and Hu, J. Math. Phys. {\bf 54} 023102, (2013)]. Here we add a thermal source in the droplet to preserve the integral thermal flux across the surface as conservative, so that thermocapillary droplet migration at large Reynolds and Marangoni numbers can reach a {\it quasi-steady} process. Under assumptions of {\it quasi-steady} state and non-deformation of the droplet, we make an analytical result for the {\it steady} thermocapillary migration of droplet with the thermal source at large Reynolds and Marangoni numbers. The result shows that the thermocapillary droplet migration speed slowly increases with the increase of Marangoni number.
description: 3 figures
Computational peptide design cotargeting glucagon and glucagon-like peptide‑1 receptors
Creators: name: Vishnoi, Shubham
name: Bhattacharya, Shayon
name: Walsh, Erica M.
name: Okoh, Grace Ilevbare
name: THOMPSON, DAMIEN
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Peptides are sustainable alternatives to conventional therapeutics for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) linked disorders, promising biocompatible and tailorable next-generation therapeutics for metabolic disorders including type-2 diabetes, as agonists of the glucagon receptor (GCGR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R). However, single agonist peptides activating GLP-1R to stimulate insulin secretion also suppress obesity-linked glucagon release. Hence, bioactive peptides cotargeting GCGR and GLP-1R may remediate the blood glucose and fatty acid metabolism imbalance, tackling both diabetes and obesity to supersede current monoagonist therapy. Here, we design and model optimized peptide sequences starting from peptide sequences derived from earlier phage-displayed library screening, identifying those with predicted molecular binding profiles for dual agonism of GCGR and GLP-1R. We derive design rules from extensive molecular dynamics simulations based on peptide−receptor binding. Our newly designed coagonist peptide exhibits improved predicted coupled binding affinity for GCGR and GLP-1R relative to endogenous ligands and could in the future be tested experimentally, which may provide superior glycemic and weight loss control.
Social skill and social cognition in adolescents at genetic risk for psychosis
Creators: name: Prinstein, Mitchell J.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Penn, David L.
name: Belger, Aysenil
name: Gibson, Clare M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Adolescents at genetic high risk (GHR) for schizophrenia have shown social skill impairments and there is some evidence to suggest they have Theory of Mind (ToM) deficits; however no research has used a standardized, performance-based behavioral measure to assess social functioning in this population nor evaluated ToM with a well-validated measure. We evaluated the psychometric properties of a new, theoretically-derived assessment of social functioning in GHR adolescents: the “High-Risk Social Challenge” task (HiSoC). The second aim was to explore whether GHR adolescents would show social skill and ToM deficits as compared to a non-psychiatric control (NPC) group. The present study evaluated social functioning with the HiSoC and ToM with the Eyes Test in 23 GHR adolescents and 31 NPCs. The HiSoC demonstrated high levels of reliability and validity. The GHR adolescents showed social skills impairments, but not ToM deficits. The results suggest that the HiSoC is a potentially useful new measure of social functioning in GHR adolescents. Furthermore, the findings add to the current body of literature that indicates that social skill impairments are related to schizophrenia vulnerability.
A pilot investigation of the Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) for first episode psychosis
Creators: name: Saade, Sylvia
name: Waldheter, Evan
name: Cook, Liz
name: Uzenoff, Sarah R.
name: Mueser, Kim T.
name: Perkins, Diana
name: Hamer, Robert
name: Penn, David L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The Graduated Recovery Intervention Program (GRIP) is a new individual cognitive-behavioral therapy program designed to facilitate functional recovery in people who have experienced an initial episode of psychosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of the GRIP intervention, and to compare the effectiveness of GRIP versus treatment as usual (TAU) for improving specific clinical and psychosocial outcomes. Forty-six individuals with first episode psychosis were randomized to GRIP + TAU or TAU alone. Primary outcomes focused on social and role functioning, and quality of life. Secondary outcomes included psychotic symptoms, depression, substance use, social support, attitudes toward medications, well-being, and hospitalizations. The results indicate that GRIP was well-tolerated, as evidenced by good attendance and low drop-out rates, and well-received (based on positive feedback from participants). Although the majority of mixed-model analyses were not statistically significant, examination of within-group changes and effect sizes suggest an advantage for GRIP over TAU in improving functional outcomes. These advantages and the fact that the GRIP intervention demonstrated feasibility and tolerability suggest that this intervention is worthy of further investigation.
Longitudinal consent-related abilities among research participants with schizophrenia: Results from the CATIE study
Creators: name: Stroup, T. Scott
name: Lieberman, Jeffrey A.
name: Appelbaum, Paul S.
name: Swartz, Marvin S.
name: Boshes, Roger A.
name: Gu, Hongbin
name: McEvoy, Joseph P.
name: Keefe, Richard S.E.
name: Manschreck, Theo C.
name: Hays, Spencer
name: Kim, Scott Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Research participants must have adequate consent-related abilities to provide informed consent at the time of study enrollment. We sought to determine if research participants with schizophrenia maintain adequate consent-related abilities during a longitudinal study. If participants lose abilities during a trial they may not be able to judge and protect their interests. If reduced abilities are common or can be predicted, special protections can be targeted appropriately.
The structure of TeV-bright shell-type supernova remnants
Creators: name: Yang, Chuyuan
name: Liu, Siming
name: Fang, Jun
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. Two-dimensional MHD simulations are used to model the emission properties of TeV-bright shell-type supernova remnants (SNRs) and to explore their nature. Methods. In the leptonic scenario for the TeV emission, the $γ$-ray emission is produced via Inverse Compton scattering of background soft photons by high-energy electrons accelerated by the shocks of the SNRs. The TeV emissivity is proportional to the magnetic field energy density and MHD simulations can be used to model the TeV structure of such remnants directly. 2D MHD simulations for SNRs are then performed under the assumption that the ambient interstellar medium is turbulent with the magnetic field and density fluctuations following a Kolmogorov-like power-law spectrum. Results. (1) As expected, these simulations confirm early 1D and 2D modelings of these sources, namely the hydrodynamical evolution of the shock waves and amplification of magnetic field by Rayleigh-Taylor convective flows and by shocks propagating in a turbulent medium; (2) We reproduce rather complex morphological structure for $γ$-rays, suggesting intrinsic variations of the source morphology not related to the structure of the progenitor and environment; (3)The observed radial profile of several remnants are well reproduced with an ambient medium density of $0.1-1$ cm$^{-3}$. An even lower ambient density leads to a sharper drop of the TeV brightness with radius than what is observed near the outer edge of these remnants. Conclusions. In a turbulent background medium, we can reproduce the observed characteristics of several shell-type TeV SNRs with reasonable parameters except for a higher ambient density than that inferred from X-ray observations.
description: 7pages,12figures,Accepted for publication in A&A. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1306.4399
Affect recognition in people at clinical high risk of psychosis
Creators: name: Addington, Jean
name: Perkins, Diana
name: Piskulic, Danijela
name: Liu, Lu
name: Penn, David L.
name: Woods, Scott W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrate stable deficits in affect recognition. Similar deficits in affect recognition have been observed in those who are at clinical high risk (CHR) of developing psychosis. The current project aimed to longitudinally examine affect processing in CHR individuals, to determine if affect processing predicted later conversion to psychosis and if affect processing deficits were unique to those who met established criteria for prodromal syndromes. The sample consisted of 172 CHR and 100 help-seeking individuals (HS) who were followed for up to 24 months. All CHR individuals met the Criteria of Prodromal States (COPS) based on the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SIPS). The SIPS was used to determine conversion to psychosis. Affect recognition was assessed using two facial affect recognition tasks and a measure of affective prosody. In comparison to previously published data from non-psychiatric controls, both CHR and HS groups demonstrated deficits on affect recognition. By 2 years 25 CHR participants converted to psychosis. Interestingly, there were no differences between converters and non-converters on any affect recognition tasks. This is one of the first studies to longitudinally examine affect processing and its relationship to later conversion to psychosis in individuals at-risk for psychosis. While poorer affect recognition may be associated with vulnerability for psychosis, the current results suggest that it may not be a marker of developing a psychotic illness.
Stealth QCD-like Strong Interactions and the t-tbar Asymmetry
Creators: name: Brod, Joachim
name: Drobnak, Jure
name: Kagan, Alexander L.
name: Stamou, Emmanuel
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that a new strongly interacting sector can produce large enhancements of the t-tbar asymmetries at the Tevatron. The Standard Model is extended by a new vector-like flavor triplet of fermions and one heavy scalar, all charged under a hypercolor gauge group SU(3) HC. This simple extension results in a number of new resonances. The predictions of our model are rather rigid once a small number of UV parameters are fixed, since all the strong dynamics can be directly taken over from our understanding of QCD dynamics. Despite the rather low hypercolor confinement scale of ~100 GeV, the new strongly interacting sector is stealth. It is shielded from present direct and indirect NP searches since the light resonances are QCD singlets, whereas the production of the heavier QCD colored resonances leads predominantly to high multiplicity final states. Improved searches can potentially be devised using top tagged final states or decays into a small number of hypercolor pions.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures
Changes in biotic communities developing from freshwater wetland sediments under experimental salinity and water regimes
Creators: name: Brock, Margaret A
name: Nielsen, Daryl L
name: Crossle, Katharine
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: La Trobe University Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering Murray Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

1. Reduction in diversity of both freshwater aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems has been attributed to salinity increase and such increases are a symptom of changes to land use. Hydrological alteration to ground and surface water are likely to be associated with salinity increase and its influence on biodiversity. However the combined effects of salinity and hydrology on aquatic biodiversity have not been elucidated fully in either field or experimental situations.2. The effect of salinity and water regime on the biota in sediments from seven wetlands from inland south-eastern Australia was tested experimentally using germination of aquatic plant seeds (five salinity and two water levels) and emergence of zooplankton eggs (five salinity levels). Salinity levels were <300, 1000, 2000, 3000, 5000 mg L−1 and water regimes were damp (waterlogged) and submerged.3. Aquatic plant germination and zooplankton hatching was not consistent for all seven wetland sediments. Four of the wetland sediments, Narran Lakes, Gwydir Wetlands, Macquarie Marshes and Billybung Lagoon showed similar responses to salinity and water regime but the other three wetland sediments from Lake Cowal, Great Cumbung Swamp and Darling Anabranch did not.4. As salinity increased above 1000 mg L−1 there was a decrease in the species richness and the abundance of biota germinating or hatching from sediment from four of the wetlands.5. Salinity had a particularly strong effect in reducing germination from sediments in damp conditions when compared to the flooded conditions. In parallel, salts accumulated in the sediment in damp conditions but did not in flooded conditions.6. There is potential for increasing salinity in freshwater rivers and wetlands to decrease the species richness of aquatic communities and thus of the wetland community as a whole, resulting in loss of wetland biodiversity. This reduction in diversity varies between wetlands and is at least partly related to hydrology. For aquatic plants the reduction in diversity will be more marked for plants germinating from seed banks at the edges of wetlands where plants are not completely submerged than for the same seed bank germinating in submerged conditions.
Organic Acids as feed additives in poultry and swine
Creators: name: Sachin Chaudhary1, Sheetal Choudhary1, Rohit Solanki2
Publisher: name: trends in Agriculture Science
Year: 2024

description: As the increasing safety concerns about the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance in humans and environment and the detection of chemical residues in animal derived products, using organic acids (OAs) to replace antibiotic in the diet of farm animals and poultry industry has been increased considerably in recent years. Through their potential to modify the pH of the gastrointestinal tract and subsequently the genetic profile of microbiome, organic acids have shown promise in improving production performance. Since poultry and swine industry are the major part of today’s livestock sector, improving their growth and performance undoubtedly raise the overall economic gain from livestock enterprise.
Altered age-related trajectories of amygdala-prefrontal circuitry in adolescents at clinical high risk for psychosis: A preliminary study
Creators: name: Karlsgodt, Katherine H.
name: Lieberman, Matthew D.
name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: Walker, Elaine F.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: Addington, Jean
name: Bearden, Carrie E.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Seidman, Larry J.
name: Gee, Dylan G.
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: Constable, Todd
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
name: van Erp, Theo G.M.
name: Belger, Aysenil
name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: Olvet, Doreen M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Emotion processing deficits are prominent in schizophrenia and exist prior to the onset of overt psychosis. However, developmental trajectories of neural circuitry subserving emotion regulation and the role that they may play in illness onset have not yet been examined in patients at risk for psychosis. The present study employed a cross-sectional analysis to examine age-related functional activation in amygdala and prefrontal cortex, as well as functional connectivity between these regions, in adolescents at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis relative to typically developing adolescents. Participants (n=34) performed an emotion processing fMRI task, including emotion labeling, emotion matching, and non-emotional control conditions. Regression analyses were used to predict activation in the amygdala and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vlPFC) based on age, group, sex, and the interaction of age by group. CHR adolescents exhibited altered age-related variation in amygdala and vlPFC activation, relative to controls. Controls displayed decreased amygdala and increased vlPFC activation with age, while patients exhibited the opposite pattern (increased amygdala and decreased vlPFC activation), suggesting a failure of prefrontal cortex to regulate amygdala reactivity. Moreover, a psychophysiological interaction analysis revealed decreased amygdala-prefrontal functional connectivity among CHR adolescents, consistent with disrupted brain connectivity as a vulnerability factor in schizophrenia. These results suggest that the at-risk syndrome is marked by abnormal development and functional connectivity of neural systems subserving emotion regulation. Longitudinal data are needed to confirm aberrant developmental trajectories intra-individually and to examine whether these abnormalities are predictive of conversion to psychosis, and of later deficits in socioemotional functioning.
North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS 2): Overview and recruitment
Creators: name: Woods, Scott W.
name: Perkins, Diana O.
name: McGlashan, Thomas H.
name: Tsuang, Ming T.
name: Cornblatt, Barbara A.
name: Walker, Elaine F.
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: Cadenhead, Kristin S.
name: Addington, Jack A.
name: Mathalon, Daniel H.
name: Seidman, Larry J.
name: Addington, Jean
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study (NAPLS) is a consortium of eight programs focusing on the psychosis prodrome. Funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the sites are located at Emory University, Harvard University, University of Calgary, UCLA, UCSD, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Yale University, and Zucker Hillside Hospital. Although the programs initially developed independently, they previously collaborated to combine their historical datasets and to produce a series of analyses on predictors of psychosis in one of the largest samples of longitudinally followed prodromal subjects worldwide. This led to the development of a five year prospective study “Predictors and Mechanisms of Conversion to Psychosis”, (also known as NAPLS-2) with three major aims: (1) to prospectively test the prediction algorithm developed in NAPLS-1, (2) to investigate the neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, neurocognitive, and neurohormonal factors that may contribute to the development of psychosis, and (3) to develop a repository of DNA, RNA, and plasma from participants meeting diagnostic criteria for a clinical high risk (CHR) state and from demographically similar healthy subjects. Funded by NIMH in 2008, NAPLS-2 will generate the largest CHR for psychosis sample with 720 CHR and 240 healthy comparison subjects, and thus will provide statistical power and scientific scope that cannot be duplicated by any single site study. This paper describes the overall methodology of the NAPLS-2 project and reports on the ascertainment and demographics at the midway point of the study with (360 CHR) and 180 controls.
A unified solution to the small scale problems of the $Λ$CDM model II: introducing parent-satellite interaction
Creators: name: Del Popolo, Antonino
name: Delliou, Morgan Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the study of the impact of baryon physics on the small scale problems of the $Λ$CDM model, based on a semi-analytical model (Del Popolo, 2009). Withsuch model, we show how the cusp/core, missing satellite (MSP), Too Big to Fail (TBTF) problems and the angular momentum catastrophe can be reconciled with observations, adding parent-satellite interaction. Such interaction between darkmatter (DM) and baryons through dynamical friction (DF) can sufficiently flattenthe inner cusp of the density profiles to solve the cusp/core problem. Combining, in our model, a Zolotov et al. (2012)-like correction, similarly to Brooks et al. (2013), and effects of UV heating and tidal stripping, the number of massive, luminous satellites, as seen in the Via Lactea 2 (VL2) subhaloes,is in agreement with the numbers observed in the MW, thus resolving the MSP and TBTF problems. The model also produces a distribution of the angular spin parameter and angular momentum in agreement with observations of the dwarfs studied by van den Bosch, Burkert, \\& Swaters (2001).
description: 24pp, 5figs. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.3674
Study of the sub-AU disk of the Herbig B[e] star HD 85567 with near-infrared interferometry
Creators: name: Vural, J.
name: Kraus, S.
name: Kreplin, A.
name: Weigelt, G.
name: Fossat, E.
name: Massi, F.
name: Perraut, K.
name: Vakili, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The structure of the inner disk of Herbig Be stars is not well understood. The continuum disks of several Herbig Be stars have inner radii that are smaller than predicted by models of irradiated disks with optically thin holes. Aims: We study the size of the inner disk of the Herbig B[e] star HD 85567 and compare the model radii with the radius suggested by the size-luminosity relation. Methods: The object was observed with the AMBER instrument of the Very Large Telescope Interferometer. We obtained K-band visibilities and closure phases. These measurements are interpreted with geometric models and temperature-gradient models. Results: Using several types of geometric star-disk and star-disk-halo models, we derived inner ring-fit radii in the K band that are in the range of 0.8 - 1.6 AU. Additional temperature-gradient modeling resulted in an extended disk with an inner radius of $0.67^{+0.51}_{-0.21}$ AU, a high inner temperature of $2200^{+750}_{-350}$ K, and a disk inclination of $53^{+15}_{-11}$$^\circ$. Conclusions: The derived geometric ring-fit radii are approximately 3 - 5 times smaller than that predicted by the size-luminosity relation. The small geometric and temperature-gradient radii suggest optically thick gaseous material that absorbs stellar radiation inside the dust disk.
Comprehensive analysis of copy number variation in monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder or schizophrenia
Creators: name: Chen, Guanhua
name: Bloom, Rachael J.
name: Sullivan, Patrick F.
name: Collins, Ann L.
name: Cannon, Tyrone D.
name: Kähler, Anna K.
name: Hultman, Christina
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Copy number variation plays a clear role in the etiology of many psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia. We performed array-CGH to look for copy number variants between five pairs of monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. Our study found no differences in copy number variants between the sets of twins. Although alluring, realistic accounting for heterogeneity and chimerism highlight the technological limitations in studying monozygotic twins discordant for psychiatric disorders.
Integrative-interpersonal dynamic therapy for poststroke depression (INID): study protocol of a randomised controlled pilot trial
Creators: name: Volz, Matthias
name: Mundiyanapurath, Sibu
name: Schauenburg, Henning
name: Meuth, Sven Guenther
name: Wild, Beate
name: Werheid, Katja
name: Barber, Jacques P.
name: Schäfer, Ralf
name: Beerbaum, Luisa
name: Dinger, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 150
subject: 610
subject: Medizin
subject: Psychologie
subject: Schlaganfall
subject: Depression
subject: Kontrollierte klinische Studie

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel