cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional core-collapse supernova simulated using a 15 $M_\odot$ progenitor
Creators: name: Lentz, Eric J.
name: Bruenn, Stephen W.
name: Hix, W. Raphael
name: Mezzacappa, Anthony
name: Messer, O. E. Bronson
name: Endeve, Eirik
name: Blondin, John M.
name: Harris, J. Austin
name: Marronetti, Pedro
name: Yakunin, Konstantin N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed ab initio neutrino radiation hydrodynamics simulations in three and two spatial dimensions (3D and 2D) of core-collapse supernovae from the same 15 $M_\odot$ progenitor through 440 ms after core bounce. Both 3D and 2D models achieve explosions, however, the onset of explosion (shock revival) is delayed by $\sim$100 ms in 3D relative to the 2D counterpart and the growth of the diagnostic explosion energy is slower. This is consistent with previously reported 3D simulations utilizing iron-core progenitors with dense mantles. In the $\sim$100 ms before the onset of explosion, diagnostics of neutrino heating and turbulent kinetic energy favor earlier explosion in 2D. During the delay, the angular scale of convective plumes reaching the shock surface grows and explosion in 3D is ultimately lead by a single, large-angle plume, giving the expanding shock a directional orientation not dissimilar from those imposed by axial symmetry in 2D simulations. We posit that shock revival and explosion in the 3D simulation may be delayed until sufficiently large plumes form, whereas such plumes form more rapidly in 2D, permitting earlier explosions.
description: 7 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, animation available at ChimeraSN.org
A singular variety associated to the smallest degree Pinchuk map
Creators: name: Thuy, Nguyen Thi Bich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55N33, 32S05, 14J**

description: We describe a singular variety associated to the smallest degree Pinchuk map and calculate its intersection homology. The result describes the geometry at infinity of the Pinchuk's map.
Persistence of pressure patterns over North America and the North Pacific since AD 1500
Creators: name: Dannenberg, Matthew P.
name: Wise, Erika K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Changes in moisture delivery to western North America are largely controlled by interrelated, synoptic-scale atmospheric pressure patterns. Long-term records of upper-atmosphere pressure and related circulation patterns are needed to assess potential drivers of past severe droughts and evaluate how future climate changes may impact hydroclimatic systems. Here we develop a tree-ring-based climate field reconstruction of cool-season 500 hPa geopotential height on a 2° × 2° grid over North America and the North Pacific to AD 1500 and examine the frequency and persistence of preinstrumental atmospheric pressure patterns using Self-Organizing Maps. Our results show extended time periods dominated by a set of persistent upper-air pressure patterns, providing insight into the atmospheric conditions leading to periods of sustained drought and pluvial periods in the preinstrumental past. A striking shift from meridional to zonal flow occurred at the end of the Little Ice Age and was sustained for several decades.
การศึกษาความต้องการที่จำเป็นเพื่อการพัฒนารูปแบบความฉลาดทางการเคลื่อนไหวสำหรับเด็กปฐมวัย
Creators: name: พงศชา บุตรนาค
name: เจริญ กระบวนรัตน์
name: ณัฐิกา เพ็งลี
name: วาสนา คุณาอภิสิทธิ์
Publisher: name: สำนักงานบริหารการวิจัย นวัตกรรมและการสร้างสรรค์
Year: 2563
Subjects: ความฉลาดทางการเคลื่อนไหว

description: วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร, 40, 3, 97-109
Electroneutrality breakdown and specific ion effects in nanoconfined aqueous electrolytes observed by NMR
Creators: name: Kleinhammes, Alfred
name: Luo, Zhi Xiang
name: Xing, Yun Zhao
name: Wu, Yue
name: Ling, Yan Chun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Ion distribution in aqueous electrolytes near the interface plays a critical role in electrochemical, biological and colloidal systems, and is expected to be particularly significant inside nanoconfined regions. Electroneutrality of the total charge inside nanoconfined regions is commonly assumed a priori in solving ion distribution of aqueous electrolytes nanoconfined by uncharged hydrophobic surfaces with no direct experimental validation. Here, we use a quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance approach to investigate the properties of aqueous electrolytes nanoconfined in graphitic-like nanoporous carbon. Substantial electroneutrality breakdown in nanoconfined regions and very asymmetric responses of cations and anions to the charging of nanoconfining surfaces are observed. The electroneutrality breakdown is shown to depend strongly on the propensity of anions towards the water-carbon interface and such ion-specific response follows, generally, the anion ranking of the Hofmeister series. The experimental observations are further supported by numerical evaluation using the generalized Poisson-Boltzmann equation.
The total zero-divisor graph of commutative rings
Creators: name: Đurić, Alen
name: Jevđenić, Sara
name: Oblak, Polona
name: Stopar, Nik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13E10, 05E40, 05C25

description: In this paper we initiate the study of the total zero-divisor graphs over commutative rings with unity. These graphs are constructed by both relations that arise from the zero-divisor graph and from the total graph of a ring. We characterize Artinian rings with the connected total zero-divisor graphs and give their diameters. Moreover, we compute major characteristics of the total zero-divisor graphs of the ring ${\mathbb Z}_m$ of integers modulo $m$ and prove that the total zero-divisor graphs of ${\mathbb Z}_m$ and ${\mathbb Z}_n$ are isomorphic if and only if $m=n$.
(2653) William Barwise
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ศิลปะเด็ก: คุณค่าจากความไร้เดียงสา
Creators: name: ณชนก หล่อสมบูรณ์
name: ปุณณรัตน์ พิชญไพบูลย์
Publisher: name: สำนักงานบริหารการวิจัย นวัตกรรมและการสร้างสรรค์
Year: 2563
Subjects: ศิลปะเด็ก
ศิลปะของศิลปิน
พัฒนาการศิลปะ

description: วารสารมหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร, 40, 3, 110-123
Inhomogeneity of the ultrafast insulator-to-metal transition dynamics of VO2
Creators: name: O'Callahan, Brian T.
name: Hyung Park, Jae
name: Cobden, David H.
name: Raschke, Markus B.
name: Atkin, Joanna M.
name: Jones, Andrew C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The insulator-metal transition (IMT) of vanadium dioxide (VO2) has remained a long-standing challenge in correlated electron physics since its discovery five decades ago. Most interpretations of experimental observations have implicitly assumed a homogeneous material response. Here we reveal inhomogeneous behaviour of even individual VO2 microcrystals using pump-probe microscopy and nanoimaging. The timescales of the ultrafast IMT vary from 40±8 fs, that is, shorter than a suggested phonon bottleneck, to 200±20 fs, uncorrelated with crystal size, transition temperature and initial insulating structural phase, with average value similar to results from polycrystalline thin-film studies. In combination with the observed sensitive variations in the thermal nanodomain IMT behaviour, this suggests that the IMT is highly susceptible to local changes in, for example, doping, defects and strain. Our results suggest an electronic mechanism dominating the photoinduced IMT, but also highlight the difficulty to deduce microscopic mechanisms when the true intrinsic material response is yet unclear.
Figure S4 from Clownfishes evolution below and above the species level
Creators: name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Litsios, Glenn
name: Laurélène Faye
name: Salamin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Comparison between the microevolutionary rates, the macroevolution rates estimated from empirical data and the macroevolution rates simulated (based on intraspecific parameters) for the five morphological traits. The columns The columns (micro) in yellow and (macro) in black correspond to the estimates of the micro- and the macroevolutionary rates observed in the data (respectively), and (macro_P) in blue, represent the predicted macroevolutionary rate of the simulations based on effective population size, trait variance and generation time (described in details in Sup. Mat. S2). These violon plots represent the variation across the 1,000 trees. For each trait, simulated and empirical rates of evolution (σ2) were obtained from best fitting model chosen only from the empirical data (BM or OU, Table S4, Table S7). The predicted and observed distributions of macroevolutionary rates did not differ significantly in any of the traits (P > 0.05).
Categorial properties of compressed zero-divisor graphs of finite commutative rings
Creators: name: Đurić, Alen
name: Jevđenić, Sara
name: Stopar, Nik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13M05, 05C25

description: We define a compressed zero-divisor graph $\varTheta(K)$ of a finite commutative unital ring $K$, where the compression is performed by means of the associatedness relation. We prove that this is the best possible compression which induces a functor $\varTheta$, and that this functor preserves categorial products (in both directions). We use the structure of $\varTheta(K)$ to characterize important classes of finite commutative unital rings, such as local rings and principal ideal rings.
description: 14 pages
Supplementary table 1 from Letting the ‘cat’ out of the bag: pouch young development of the extinct Tasmanian tiger revealed by X-ray computed tomography.
Creators: name: Newton, Axel H.
name: Frantisek Spoutil
name: Prochazka, Jan
name: Black, Jay R.
name: Medlock, Kathryn
name: Paddle, Robert N.
name: Marketa Knitlova
name: Hipsley, Christy A.
name: Pask, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Developmental Biology

description: Raw and natural log transformed thylacine pouch young, juvenile and adult long bone measurements.
The molecular origin of high DNA-repair efficiency by photolyase
Creators: name: Li, Jiang
name: Sancar, Aziz
name: Guo, Xunmin
name: Wang, Lijuan
name: Tan, Chuang
name: Liu, Zheyun
name: Zhong, Dongping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The primary dynamics in photomachinery such as charge separation in photosynthesis and bond isomerization in sensory photoreceptor are typically ultrafast to accelerate functional dynamics and avoid energy dissipation. The same is also true for the DNA repair enzyme, photolyase. However, it is not known how the photoinduced step is optimized in photolyase to attain maximum efficiency. Here, we analyse the primary reaction steps of repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA by photolyase using femtosecond spectroscopy. With systematic mutations of the amino acids involved in binding of the flavin cofactor and the cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer substrate, we report our direct deconvolution of the catalytic dynamics with three electron-transfer and two bond-breaking elementary steps and thus the fine tuning of the biological repair function for optimal efficiency. We found that the maximum repair efficiency is not enhanced by the ultrafast photoinduced process but achieved by the synergistic optimization of all steps in the complex repair reaction.
(2648) William Bashforth
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Quantification of Wigner Negativity Remotely Generated via Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Steering
Creators: name: Xiang, Yu
name: Liu, Shuheng
name: Guo, Jiajie
name: Gong, Qihuang
name: Treps, Nicolas
name: He, Qiongyi
name: Walschaers, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wigner negativity, as a well-known indicator of nonclassicality, plays an essential role in quantum computing and simulation using continuous-variable systems. Recently, it has been proven that Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering is a prerequisite to generate Wigner negativity between two remote modes. Motivated by the demand of real-world quantum network, here we investigate the shareability of generated Wigner negativity in the multipartite scenario from a quantitative perspective. By establishing a monogamy relation akin to the generalized Coffman-Kundu-Wootters inequality, we show that the amount of Wigner negativity cannot be freely distributed among different modes. Moreover, for photon subtraction -- one of the main experimentally realized non-Gaussian operations -- we provide a general method to quantify the remotely generated Wigner negativity. With this method, we find that there is no direct quantitative relation between the Gaussian steerability and the amount of generated Wigner negativity. Our results pave the way for exploiting Wigner negativity as a valuable resource for numerous quantum information protocols based on non-Gaussian scenario.
Stimulus Competition by Inhibitory Interference
Creators: name: Tiesinga, Paul H.E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: When two stimuli are present in the receptive field of a V4 neuron, the firing rate response is between the weakest and strongest response elicited by each of the stimuli when presented alone (Reynolds, Chelazzi, & Desimone, 1999). When attention is directed toward the stimulus eliciting the strongest response (the preferred stimulus), the response to the pair is increased, whereas the response decreases when attention is directed to the other stimulus (the poor stimulus). When attention is directed to either of the two stimuli presented alone, the firing rate remains the same or increases slightly, but the coherence between the neuron's spike train and the local field potential can increase (Fries, Reynolds, Rorie, & Desimone, 2001). These experimental results were reproduced in a model of a V4 neuron under the assumption that attention modulates the activity of local interneuron networks. The V4 model neuron received stimulus-specific excitation from V2 and synchronous inhibitory inputs from two local interneuron networks in V4. Each interneuron network was driven by stimulus-specific excitatory inputs from V2 and was modulated by the activity of the frontal eye fields. Stimulus competition was present because of a delay in arrival time of synchronous volleys from each interneuron network. For small delays, the firing rate was close to the rate elicited by the preferred stimulus alone, whereas for larger delays, it approached the firing rate of the poor stimulus. When either stimulus was presented alone, the neuron's response was not altered by the change in delay, but could change due to modulation of the degree of synchrony of the corresponding interneuron network. The model suggests that top-down attention biases the competition between V2 columns for control of V4 neurons primarily by changing the relative timing of inhibition, whereas changes in the degree of synchrony of interneuron networks modulate the response to a single stimulus. The new mechanism proposed here for attentional modulation of firing rate, gain modulation by inhibitory interference, is likely to have more general applicability to cortical information processing.
Figure S3 from Clownfishes evolution below and above the species level
Creators: name: Rolland, Jonathan
name: Silvestro, Daniele
name: Litsios, Glenn
name: Laurélène Faye
name: Salamin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology

description: Permutation tests suggesting that the number of individuals is sufficient to accurately estimate the variance of traits in A. clarkii. Each boxplot represent 100 estimations of variance from 2 to 53 individuals randomly chosen in the microevolutionary dataset of 53 A. clarkii individuals.
(2649) Frances Gutch
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Remote measurements of heart valve sounds for health assessment and biometric identification
Creators: name: Cester, Lucrezia Maria Elisabetta
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2022

description: Heart failure will contribute to the death of one in three people who read this thesis; and one in three of those who don't. Although in order to diagnose patients’ heart condition cardiologists have access to electrocardiograms, chest X-rays, ultrasound imaging, MRI, Doppler techniques, angiography, and transesophageal echocardiography, these diagnostic techniques require a cardiologist’s visit, are expensive, the examination time is long and so are the waiting lists. Furthermore abnormal events might be sporadic and thus constant monitoring would be needed to avoid fatalities. Therefore in this thesis we propose a cost effective device which can constantly monitor the heart condition based on the principles of phonocardiography, which is a cost-effective method which records heart sounds. Manual auscultation is not widely used to diagnose because it requires considerable training, it relies on the hearing abilities of the clinician and specificity and sensitivity for manual auscultation are low since results are qualitative and not reproducible. However we propose a cheap laser-based device which is contactless and can constantly monitor patients’ heart sounds with a better SNR than the digital stethoscope. We also propose a Machine Learning (ML) aided software trained on data acquired with our device which can classify healthy from unhealthy heart sounds and can perform biometric authentication. This device might allow development of gadgets for remote monitoring of cardiovascular health in different settings.
Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism: Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Child Neurology Society
Creators: name: Rapin, I.
name: Ozonoff, S.
name: Ashwal, S.
name: Accardo, P. J.
name: Johnson, C. P.
name: Dawson, G.
name: Volkmar, F. R.
name: Stone, W. L.
name: Rogers, S. J.
name: Gordon, B.
name: Gravel, J. S.
name: Filipek, P. A.
name: Levy, S. E.
name: Minshew, N. J.
name: Teplin, S. W.
name: Prizant, B. M.
name: Kallen, R. J.
name: Cook Jr., E. H.
name: Tuchman, R. F.
name: Baranek, G. T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Article abstract Autism is a common disorder of childhood, affecting 1 in 500 children. Yet, it often remains unrecognized and undiagnosed until or after late preschool age because appropriate tools for routine developmental screening and screening specifically for autism have not been available. Early identification of children with autism and intensive, early intervention during the toddler and preschool years improves outcome for most young children with autism. This practice parameter reviews the available empirical evidence and gives specific recommendations for the identification of children with autism. This approach requires a dual process: 1) routine developmental surveillance and screening specifically for autism to be performed on all children to first identify those at risk for any type of atypical development, and to identify those specifically at risk for autism; and 2) to diagnose and evaluate autism, to differentiate autism from other developmental disorders.
Temporal contingencies and synchrony in observational fear learning
Creators: name: Kondrakiewicz, Kacper
name: Danielewski, Konrad
name: Andraka, Karolina
name: Wójcik, Maja
name: Wiatrowska, Marta
name: Sękowski, Krzysztof
name: Lopez-Perez, David
name: Knapska, Ewelina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: social behavior, emotions

description: Classical conditioning is possible only when conditioned stimulus is somehow predictive of unconditioned stimulus. In experimental paradigms (e.g., cued fear conditioning) this predictiveness is usually achieved through introducing high temporal contingency between occurrence of the two stimuli (sound and shock). This relationship is much less clear in case of observational fear conditioning paradigms, in which the animal observes a conspecific receiving foot-shocks paired with sounds. It is now well described that in rats such procedure typically results in learning. When tested afterwards, the ‘observers’ display freezing behavior in response to the conditioned stimulus (similarly as the ‘demonstrators’ subjected to the foot-shocks). However, it is still not understood what is the unconditioned stimulus for the observers and how well-defined it is in time. One extreme possibility is that the observers perceive the exact moment of foot-shock as aversive (probably through sounds or movements generated by the demonstrators). In this case they would have access to the same temporal contingencies as demonstrators. Another option is that the social signals which enable learning are poorly defined in time (e.g., mainly olfactory). To verify which of the hypotheses is true, we manipulated temporal contingences between shock and sound during observational fear learning. We also tested the synchrony between the animals to check how precise in time are reactions of the observers. Our results indicate that observers are able to detect some temporal contingencies perceived by demonstrators. However, the socially derived information about timing seems to be less precisely defined than direct experience.
description: Presented during FENS 2020 Virtual Forum
A KPZ Cocktail- Shaken, not stirred: Toasting 30 years of kinetically roughened surfaces
Creators: name: Halpin-Healy, Timothy
name: Takeuchi, Kazumasa A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The stochastic partial differential equation proposed nearly three decades ago by Kardar, Parisi and Zhang (KPZ) continues to inspire, intrigue and confound its many admirers. Here, we i) pay debts to heroic predecessors, ii) highlight additional, experimentally relevant aspects of the recently solved 1+1 KPZ problem, iii) use an expanding substrates formalism to gain access to the 3d radial KPZ equation and, lastly, iv) examining extremal paths on disordered hierarchical lattices, set our gaze upon the fate of $d$=$\infty$ KPZ. Clearly, there remains ample unexplored territory within the realm of KPZ and, for the hearty, much work to be done, especially in higher dimensions, where numerical and renormalization group methods are providing a deeper understanding of this iconic equation.
description: Mini-review, mixed w/ new results. 18 pages, 6 figures. Journal of Statistical Physics, in press; v2: corrects typos, adds refs
Viscosity spectral functions of the dilute Fermi gas in kinetic theory
Creators: name: Chao, Jingyi
name: Schäfer, Thomas
name: Braby, Matt
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We compute the viscosity spectral function of the dilute Fermi gas for different values of the s-wave scattering length $a$, including the unitarity limit $a\to\infty$. We perform the calculation in kinetic theory by studying the response to a non-trivial background metric. We find the expected structure consisting of a diffusive peak in the transverse shear channel and a sound peak in the longitudinal channel. At zero momentum the width of the diffusive peak is $\omega_0\simeq (2\epsilon)/(3\eta)$ where $\epsilon$ is the energy density and $\eta$ is the shear viscosity. At finite momentum the spectral function approaches the collisionless limit and the width is of order $\omega_0\sim k(T/m)^{1/2}$.
Rank of elements of general rings in connection with unit-regularity
Creators: name: Stopar, Nik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16D25, 16U99 (Primary), 16N60, 16E50 (Secondary)

description: We define the rank of elements of general unital rings, discuss its properties and give several examples to support the definition. In semiprime rings we give a characterization of rank in terms of invertible elements. As an application we prove that every element in the socle of a unital semiprime ring is unit-regular.
description: 13 pages
Multifaceted Analysis of Fine-Tuning in Deep Model for Visual Recognition
Creators: name: Li, Xiangyang
name: Herranz, Luis
name: Jiang, Shuqiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved impressive performance for various visual recognition scenarios. CNNs trained on large labeled datasets can not only obtain significant performance on most challenging benchmarks but also provide powerful representations, which can be used to a wide range of other tasks. However, the requirement of massive amounts of data to train deep neural networks is a major drawback of these models, as the data available is usually limited or imbalanced. Fine-tuning (FT) is an effective way to transfer knowledge learned in a source dataset to a target task. In this paper, we introduce and systematically investigate several factors that influence the performance of fine-tuning for visual recognition. These factors include parameters for the retraining procedure (e.g., the initial learning rate of fine-tuning), the distribution of the source and target data (e.g., the number of categories in the source dataset, the distance between the source and target datasets) and so on. We quantitatively and qualitatively analyze these factors, evaluate their influence, and present many empirical observations. The results reveal insights into what fine-tuning changes CNN parameters and provide useful and evidence-backed intuitions about how to implement fine-tuning for computer vision tasks.
description: Accepted by ACM Transactions on Data Science
Compressed zero-divisor graphs of noncommutative rings
Creators: name: Đurić, Alen
name: Jevđenić, Sara
name: Stopar, Nik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16U99, 15B33, 05C25, 05C50

description: We extend the notion of the compressed zero-divisor graph $\varTheta(R)$ to noncommutative rings in a way that still induces a product preserving functor $\varTheta$ from the category of finite unital rings to the category of directed graphs. For a finite field $F$, we investigate the properties of $\varTheta(M_n(F))$, the graph of the matrix ring over $F$, and give a purely graph-theoretic characterization of this graph when $n \neq 3$. For $n \neq 2$ we prove that every graph automorphism of $\varTheta(M_n(F))$ is induced by a ring automorphism of $M_n(F)$. We also show that for finite unital rings $R$ and $S$, where $S$ is semisimple and has no homomorphic image isomorphic to a field, if $\varTheta(R) \cong \varTheta(S)$, then $R \cong S$. In particular, this holds if $S=M_n(F)$ with $n \neq 1$.
description: 30 pages
Supplementary figure 7 from Letting the ‘cat’ out of the bag: pouch young development of the extinct Tasmanian tiger revealed by X-ray computed tomography.
Creators: name: Newton, Axel H.
name: Frantisek Spoutil
name: Prochazka, Jan
name: Black, Jay R.
name: Medlock, Kathryn
name: Paddle, Robert N.
name: Marketa Knitlova
name: Hipsley, Christy A.
name: Pask, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Developmental Biology

description: Allometric scaling in thylacine long bones. Scatter plots of natural log transformed thylacine forelimb (a) and hindlimb (b) long bone length versus circumference values throughout their ontogeny. All bones showed a strong positive relationship with high R2 values.
The KATRIN pre-spectrometer at reduced filter energy
Creators: name: Weinheimer, C.
name: Beglarian, A.
name: Glück, F.
name: Mertens, S.
name: Bornschein, L.
name: Chaoui, Z.
name: Fränkle, F.
name: Steidl, M.
name: Görhardt, S.
name: Wüstling, S.
name: Zadorozhny, S.
name: Drexlin, G.
name: Renschler, P.
name: Prall, M.
name: Bichsel, H.
name: Thümmler, Th
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment will determine the mass of the electron neutrino with a sensitivity of 0.2 eV (90% CL) via a measurement of the β-spectrum of gaseous tritium near its endpoint of E0 = 18.57 keV. An ultra-low background of about b = 10 mHz is among the requirements on reaching this sensitivity. In the KATRIN main beam line, two spectrometers of MAC-E filter type are used in tandem configuration. This setup, however, produces a Penning trap, which could lead to increased background. We have performed test measurements showing that the filter energy of the pre-spectrometer can be reduced by several keV in order to diminish this trap. These measurements were analyzed with the help of a complex computer simulation, modeling multiple electron reflections from both the detector and the photoelectric electron source used in our test setup.
Characterizing Level-set Families of Harmonic Functions
Creators: name: Ding, Pisheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Families of hypersurfaces that are level-set families of harmonic functions free of critical points are characterized by a local differential-geometric condition. Harmonic functions with a specified level-set family are constructed from geometric data. As a by-product, it is shown that the evolution of the gradient of a harmonic function along the gradient flow is determined by the mean curvature of the level sets that the flow intersects.
Comparing RGB - based vegetation indices from UAV imageries to estimate hops canopy area
Creators: name: Starý, K.
name: Jelínek, Z.
name: Kumhálová, J.
name: Chyba, J.
name: Balážová, K.
Publisher: name: Agronomy Research
Year: 2020
Subjects: unmanned aerial vehicles
hop garden
vegetation indices
canopy area
article

description: Remote estimation of hops plants in hop gardens is imperative in field of precision agriculture, because of precise imaging of hop garden structure. Monitoring of hop plant volume and area can help to predict the condition and yield of hops. In this study, two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) – eBee X senseFly UAV equipped with Red Green Blue (RGB) S.O.D.A. camera and Vertical Take-Off Landing (VTOL) UAV FireFly6 Pro by BirdsEyeView Aerobotics equipped with MicaSense RedEdge MX camera were used to acquire images of hop garden at phenology stage maturity of cones (24 th July) before harvest. Seven commonly used RGB vegetation indices (VI) were derived from these RGB and multispectral (MS) images after photogrammetric pre-processing and orthophoto mosaic extraction using Pix4Dmapper software. Vegetation Indices as the Green Percentage Index (G%), Excess of Green Index (ExGreen), Green Leaf Index (GLI), Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI), Red Green Blue Vegetation Index (RGBVI), Normalised Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI) and Triangular Greenness Index (TGI) were derived from both data sets. Binary model from each of VI was derived and threshold value for green vegetation was set. The results showed significant differences in hop plant area based on the specifications of cameras, especially wavelengths centres, and design and flight parameters of both UAV types. The comparison of various indices showed, that ExG and TGI indices has the highest congruity of estimated vegetation indices in hop garden canopy area for both used cameras. Further processing by Fuzzy Overlay tool proved high accuracy in green canopy area estimation for ExG and TGI vegetation indices.
A model for large-amplitude internal solitary waves with trapped cores
Creators: name: Helfrich, K. R.
name: White, B. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Large-amplitude internal solitary waves in continuously stratified systems can be found by solution of the Dubreil-Jacotin-Long (DJL) equation. For finite ambient density gradients at the surface (bottom) for waves of depression (elevation) these solutions may develop recirculating cores for wave speeds above a critical value. As typically modeled, these recirculating cores contain densities outside the ambient range, may be statically unstable, and thus are physically questionable. To address these issues the problem for trapped-core solitary waves is reformulated. A finite core of homogeneous density and velocity, but unknown shape, is assumed. The core density is arbitrary, but generally set equal to the ambient density on the streamline bounding the core. The flow outside the core satisfies the DJL equation. The flow in the core is given by a vorticity-streamfunction relation that may be arbitrarily specified. For simplicity, the simplest choice of a stagnant, zero vorticity core in the frame of the wave is assumed. A pressure matching condition is imposed along the core boundary. Simultaneous numerical solution of the DJL equation and the core condition gives the exterior flow and the core shape. Numerical solutions of time-dependent non-hydrostatic equations initiated with the new stagnant-core DJL solutions show that for the ambient stratification considered, the waves are stable up to a critical amplitude above which shear instability destroys the initial wave. Steadily propagating trapped-core waves formed by lock-release initial conditions also agree well with the theoretical wave properties despite the presence of a "leaky" core region that contains vorticity of opposite sign from the ambient flow.
The impact of nonlinearity in Lagrangian data assimilation
Creators: name: Jones, C. K.R.T.
name: Apte, A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The focus of this paper is on how two main manifestations of nonlinearity in low-dimensional systems – shear around a center fixed point (nonlinear center) and the differential divergence of trajectories passing by a saddle (nonlinear saddle) – strongly affect data assimilation. The impact is felt through their leading to non-Gaussian distribution functions. The major factors that control the strength of these effects is time between observations, and covariance of the prior relative to covariance of the observational noise. Both these factors – less frequent observations and larger prior covariance – allow the nonlinearity to take hold. To expose these nonlinear effects, we use the comparison between exact posterior distributions conditioned on observations and the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) approximation of these posteriors. We discuss the serious limitations of the EnKF in handling these effects.
Supplementary figure 6 from Letting the ‘cat’ out of the bag: pouch young development of the extinct Tasmanian tiger revealed by X-ray computed tomography.
Creators: name: Newton, Axel H.
name: Frantisek Spoutil
name: Prochazka, Jan
name: Black, Jay R.
name: Medlock, Kathryn
name: Paddle, Robert N.
name: Marketa Knitlova
name: Hipsley, Christy A.
name: Pask, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Developmental Biology

description: 3D surface model of TMAG A934.
Dilepton production in e−p and e+ e− colliders
Creators: name: Ng, Daniel
name: Frampton, Paul H.
name: Agrawal, Jyoti
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: In an e - p collider, a striking signature for a dilepton gauge boson is e e -p → e +μ-μ- + anything; this cross section is calculated by using the helicity amplitude technique. At HERA, with center-of-mass energy √ s = 314 GeV, a dilepton mass above 150 GeV is inaccessible but at LEPII-LHC, with a center-of-mass energy √ s = 1790 GeV, masses up to 650 GeV can be discovered. In an e + e - collider, the signature is e +e - → 2e +2 μ- or 2e -2 μ+. The cross sections of this process are also calculated for the center-of-mass energies √ s = 200, 500 and 1000 GeV.
Tetrahedrally coordinated carbonates in Earth's lower mantle
Creators: name: Boulard, Eglantine
name: Pan, Ding
name: Galli, Giulia
name: Liu, Zhenxian
name: Mao, Wendy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbonates are the main species that bring carbon deep into our planet through subduction. They are an important rock-forming mineral group, fundamentally distinct from silicates in Earth's crust in that carbon binds to three oxygen atoms, while silicon is bonded to four oxygens. Here, we present experimental evidence that under the sufficiently high pressures and high temperatures existing in the lower mantle, ferromagnesian carbonates transform to a phase with tetrahedrally coordinated carbons. Above 80 GPa, in situ synchrotron infrared experiments show the unequivocal spectroscopic signature of the high-pressure phase of (Mg,Fe)CO$_3$. Using ab-initio calculations, we assign the new IR signature to C-O bands associated with tetrahedrally coordinated carbon with asymmetric C-O bonds. Tetrahedrally coordinated carbonates are expected to exhibit substantially different reactivity than low pressure three-fold coordinated carbonates, as well as different chemical properties in the liquid state. Hence this may have significant implications on carbon reservoirs and fluxes and the global geodynamic carbon cycle.
Running gauge couplings and thresholds in the type-II superstring
Creators: name: Liu, James T.
name: Dolan, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1992

description: A distinctive feature of string unification is the possibility of unification by a non-simply-laced group. This occurs most naturally in four-dimensional type-II string models where the gauge symmetry is realized by Kac-Moody algebras at different levels. We investigate the running coupling constants and the one-loop thresholds for such general models. As a specific case, we examine an SU(3) × U(1) × U(1) model and find that the threshold corrections lead to a small 6% increase in the unification scale.A distinctive feature of string unification is the possibility of unification by a non-simply-laced group. This occurs most naturally in four-dimensional type-II string models where the gauge symmetry is realized by Kac-Moody algebras at different levels. We investigate the running coupling constants and the one-loop thresholds for such general models. As a specific case, we examine an SU(3) × U(1) × U(1) model and find that the threshold corrections lead to a small 6% increase in the unification scale.
(2651) Elizabeth Weller
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Simultaneous Detection of Water, Methane and Carbon Monoxide in the Atmosphere of Exoplanet HR8799b
Creators: name: Barman, Travis S.
name: Konopacky, Quinn M.
name: Macintosh, Bruce
name: Marois, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absorption lines from water, methane and carbon monoxide are detected in the atmosphere of exoplanet HR8799b. A medium-resolution spectrum presented here shows well-resolved and easily identified spectral features from all three molecules across the K band. The majority of the lines are produced by CO and H2O, but several lines clearly belong to CH4. Comparisons between these data and atmosphere models covering a range of temperatures and gravities yield log mole fractions of H2O between -3.09 and -3.91, CO between -3.30 and -3.72 and CH4 between -5.06 and -5.85. More precise mole fractions are obtained for each temperature and gravity studied. A reanalysis of H-band data, previously obtained at similar spectral resolution, results in a nearly identical water abundance as determined from the K-band spectrum. The methane abundance is shown to be sensitive to vertical mixing and indicates an eddy diffusion coefficient in the range of 10^6 to 10^8 cm^2 s^-1, comparable to mixing in the deep troposphere of Jupiter. The model comparisons also indicate a C/O between ~ 0.58 and 0.7, encompassing previous estimates for a second planet in the same system, HR8799c. Super-stellar C/O could indicate planet formation by core-accretion, however, the range of possible C/O for these planets (and the star) is currently too large to comment strongly on planet formation. More precise values of the bulk properties (e.g., effective temperature and surface gravity) are needed for improved abundance estimates.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ
Kloosterman sums with twice-differentiable functions
Creators: name: Shparlinski, Igor E.
name: Technau, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We bound Kloosterman-like sums of the shape \[ \sum_{n=1}^N \exp(2πi (x \lfloor f(n)\rfloor+ y \lfloor f(n)\rfloor^{-1})/p), \] with integers parts of a real-valued, twice-differentiable function $f$ is satisfying a certain limit condition on $f''$, and $\lfloor f(n)\rfloor^{-1}$ is meaning inversion modulo~$p$. As an immediate application, we obtain results concerning the distribution of modular inverses inverses $\lfloor f(n)\rfloor^{-1} \pmod{p}$. The results apply, in particular, to Piatetski-Shapiro sequences $ \lfloor t^c\rfloor$ with $c\in(1,\frac{4}{3})$. The proof is an adaptation of an argument used by Banks and the first named author in a series of papers from 2006 to 2009.
Supplementary figure 5 from Letting the ‘cat’ out of the bag: pouch young development of the extinct Tasmanian tiger revealed by X-ray computed tomography.
Creators: name: Newton, Axel H.
name: Frantisek Spoutil
name: Prochazka, Jan
name: Black, Jay R.
name: Medlock, Kathryn
name: Paddle, Robert N.
name: Marketa Knitlova
name: Hipsley, Christy A.
name: Pask, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Developmental Biology

description: 3D surface model of 12 week old AMS P762.
Investigation of the dispersion and the effective masses of excitons in bulk 2H-MoS2 using transition electron energy-loss spectroscopy
Creators: name: Habenicht, Carsten
name: Knupfer, Martin
name: Büchner, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the electronic excitations in bulk 2H-MoS2 using electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The electron energy-loss spectra in the ΓM and ΓK directions were measured for various momentum transfer values. The results allow the identification of the A1 and B1 exciton peaks and in particular their energy-momentum dispersion. The dispersions exhibit approximately quadratic upward trends and slight anisotropies in the ΓM and ΓK directions. The fitted energy-momentum transfer functions allow the estimation of the effective masses of the excitons which are in close proximity to predicted values.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Discretized Fast-Slow Systems with Canards in Two Dimensions
Creators: name: Engel, Maximilian
name: Kuehn, Christian
name: Petrera, Matteo
name: Suris, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34E15, 34E20, 37M99, 37G10, 34C45, 39A99

description: We study the problem of preservation of maximal canards for time discretized fast-slow systems with canard fold points. In order to ensure such preservation, certain favorable structure preserving properties of the discretization scheme are required. Conventional schemes do not possess such properties. We perform a detailed analysis for an unconventional discretization scheme due to Kahan. The analysis uses the blow-up method to deal with the loss of normal hyperbolicity at the canard point. We show that the structure preserving properties of the Kahan discretization for quadratic vector fields imply a similar result as in continuous time, guaranteeing the occurrence of maximal canards between attracting and repelling slow manifolds upon variation of a bifurcation parameter. The proof is based on a Melnikov computation along an invariant separating curve, which organizes the dynamics of the map similarly to the ODE problem.