cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The management of healthcare-related infections through lean methodology: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.
Creators: name: Sartini, Marina
name: Patrone, Carlotta
name: Spagnolo, Anna Maria
name: Schinca, Elisa
name: Ottria, Gianluca
name: Dupont, Chiara
name: Alessio-Mazzola, Mattia
name: Bragazzi, Nicola
name: CRISTINA, Maria Luisa
Publisher: name: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene
Year: 2022

description: Introduction: Lean is largely applied to the health sector and on the healthcare-associated infections (HAI). However, a few results on the improvement of the outcome have been reported in literature. The purpose of this study is to analyze if the lean application can reduce the HAI rate. Methods: A comprehensive search was performed on PubMed/Medline, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar databases using various combinations of the following keywords: "lean" and "infection". Inclusion criteria were: 1) research articles with quantitative data and relevant information on lean methodology and its impact on healthcare infections; 2) prospective studies. The risk of bias and the study quality was independently assessed by two researchers using the “The National Institutes of Health (NIH) quality assessment tool for before-after (Pre-Post) study with no control group”. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines has been used. 22 studies were included in the present meta-analysis. Results: Lean application demonstrated a significant protective role on healthcare-associated infections rate (RR 0.50 [0.38-0.66]) with significant impact on central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) (RR 0.47 [0.28-0.82]). Conclusions: Lean has a positive impact on the decreasing of HAIs and on the improvement of compliance and satisfaction of the staff.
description: Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 63 No. 3 (2022): 2022633
Quantum mechanix plus Newtonian gravity violates the universality of free fall
Creators: name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical point particles in Newtonian gravity obey, as they do in general relativity, the universality of free fall. However classical structured particles, (for instance with a mass quadrupole moment), need not obey the universality of free fall. Quantum mechanically, an elementary "point" particle (in the particle physics sense) can be described by a localized wave-packet, for which we can define a probability quadrupole moment. This probability quadrupole can, under plausible hypotheses, affect the universality of free fall. (So point-like elementary particles, in the particle physics sense, can and indeed must nevertheless have structure in the general relativistic sense once wave-packet effects are included.) This raises an important issue of principle, as possible quantum violations of the universality of free fall would fundamentally impact on our ideas of what "quantum gravity" might look like. I will present an estimate of the size of the effect, and discuss where if at all it might be measured.
description: 8 pages; Essay awarded an honourable mention in the 2017 Gravity Research Foundation Essay Competition. V2: Now 9 pages; some discussion, clarifications, and references added; this version closely tracks the published article
Ultrabroadband Coherent Perfect Absorption with Composite Graphene Metasurfaces
Creators: name: Zou, Wei
name: Guo, Tianjing
name: Argyropoulos, Christos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the design and performance of a new multilayer graphene metasurface for achieving ultrabroadband coherent perfect absorption (CPA) in the THz regime. The proposed structure comprises of three graphene patterned metasurfaces separated by thin dielectric spacer layers. The top and bottom metasurfaces have cross shape unit cells with varying sizes, while the middle graphene metasurface is square-shaped. This distinctive geometrical asymmetry and the presence of multiple layers within the structure facilitate the achievement of wideband asymmetric reflection under incoherent illumination. This interesting property serves as a crucial step towards achieving near-total absorption under coherent illumination across a broad frequency range. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the absorption efficiency surpasses 90% across an ultrabroadband frequency range from 2.8 to 5.7 THz, i.e., bandwidth of 2.9 THz. The CPA effect can be selectively tuned by manipulating the phase difference between the two incident coherent beams. Moreover, the absorption response can be dynamically adjusted by altering the Fermi level of graphene. The study also examines the influence of geometric parameters on the absorption characteristics. The results of this research work offer valuable insights into the design of broadband graphene metasurfaces for coherent absorption applications, and they contribute to the advancement of sophisticated optical devices operating in the THz frequency range.
Can Artificial Intelligence Reconstruct Ancient Mosaics?
Creators: name: Moral-Andrés, Fernando
name: Merino-Gómez, Elena
name: Reviriego, Pedro
name: Lombardi, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A large number of ancient mosaics have not reached us because they have been destroyed by erosion, earthquakes, looting or even used as materials in newer construction. To make things worse, among the small fraction of mosaics that we have been able to recover, many are damaged or incomplete. Therefore, restoration and reconstruction of mosaics play a fundamental role to preserve cultural heritage and to understand the role of mosaics in ancient cultures. This reconstruction has traditionally been done manually and more recently using computer graphics programs but always by humans. In the last years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has made impressive progress in the generation of images from text descriptions and reference images. State of the art AI tools such as DALL-E2 can generate high quality images from text prompts and can take a reference image to guide the process. In august 2022, DALL-E2 launched a new feature called outpainting that takes as input an incomplete image and a text prompt and then generates a complete image filling the missing parts. In this paper, we explore whether this innovative technology can be used to reconstruct mosaics with missing parts. Hence a set of ancient mosaics have been used and reconstructed using DALL-E2; results are promising showing that AI is able to interpret the key features of the mosaics and is able to produce reconstructions that capture the essence of the scene. However, in some cases AI fails to reproduce some details, geometric forms or introduces elements that are not consistent with the rest of the mosaic. This suggests that as AI image generation technology matures in the next few years, it could be a valuable tool for mosaic reconstruction going forward.
El NUESTROS PRIMEROS EDUCADORES
Creators: name: Reyes Serrano, Paola Andrea
Publisher: name: Revista de Investigación Transdisciplinaria en Educación, Empresa y Sociedad - ITEES
Year: 2020

description: Revista de Investigación Transdisciplinaria en Educación, Empresa y Sociedad - ITEES, Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2020): Revista de Investigación Transdisciplinaria en Educación, Empresa y Sociedad – ITEES - La educación Infantil como eje de transformación social
Predicting Auction Price of Vehicle License Plate with Deep Recurrent Neural Network
Creators: name: Chow, Vinci
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In Chinese societies, superstition is of paramount importance, and vehicle license plates with desirable numbers can fetch very high prices in auctions. Unlike other valuable items, license plates are not allocated an estimated price before auction. I propose that the task of predicting plate prices can be viewed as a natural language processing (NLP) task, as the value depends on the meaning of each individual character on the plate and its semantics. I construct a deep recurrent neural network (RNN) to predict the prices of vehicle license plates in Hong Kong, based on the characters on a plate. I demonstrate the importance of having a deep network and of retraining. Evaluated on 13 years of historical auction prices, the deep RNN's predictions can explain over 80 percent of price variations, outperforming previous models by a significant margin. I also demonstrate how the model can be extended to become a search engine for plates and to provide estimates of the expected price distribution.
EL SÍNDROME DE VISIÓN POR COMPUTADOR - SVC EN EL PERSONAL ADMINISTRATIVO
Creators: name: Rueda Mahecha, Yohanna Milena
name: Navarro Gómez, Carmen Sofía
name: Hernández Rodríguez, Mayerly Roc
name: Gómez Prada, Flor Elva
name: Silva Giraldo, Cesar Augusto
Publisher: name: Revista de Investigación en Gestión Industrial, Ambiental, Seguridad y Salud en  el Trabajo - GISST
Year: 2020

description: La presente investigación pretendió encontrar la relación entre el uso prolongado del computador y la presencia de síntomas propios del SVC, al igual orientar al trabajador frente a los riesgos derivados del uso de pantallas, la forma de prevenir, intervenir y tratar esta alteración. Para esto se entregó a las directivas de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios sedes Bucaramanga una guía o manual de información importante relacionada con el manejo responsable del computador y la pertinencia de realizar descansos visuales periódicos que refresquen y relajen los ojos. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica relevante para el tema de la investigación con el fin de comprender términos relacionados con la estructura del ojo, afecciones que pudieran alterarla, además de ahondar en conceptos propios de síndrome que permitieran trazar y cumplir con los objetivos propuestos. Determinado lo anterior, se escogió como instrumento de valoración la encuesta, esta constaba de 22 preguntas la cual fue aplicada a una muestra de 33 trabajadores en la cual se profundizaba acerca de su comportamiento habitual frente al computador y la utilización del mismo. Del análisis de los resultados obtenidos se pudo establecer subjetivamente la presencia de síntomas propios del SVC, esta información se correlacionó con los resultados de los exámenes optométricos buscando información más objetiva con la cual se confirmaron los síntomas.
description: Revista de Investigación en Gestión Industrial, Ambiental, Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo - GISST, Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2020): LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES EN SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO PERSPECTIVA INDUSTRIAL Y AMBIENTAL
EL SÍNDROME DE VISIÓN POR COMPUTADOR - SVC EN EL PERSONAL ADMINISTRATIVO
Creators: name: Rueda Mahecha, Yohanna Milena
name: Navarro Gómez, Carmen Sofía
name: Hernández Rodríguez, Mayerly Roc
name: Gómez Prada, Flor Elva
name: Silva Giraldo, Cesar Augusto
Publisher: name: Revista de Investigación en Gestión Industrial, Ambiental, Seguridad y Salud en  el Trabajo - GISST
Year: 2020

description: Revista de Investigación en Gestión Industrial, Ambiental, Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo - GISST, Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2020): LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES EN SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO PERSPECTIVA INDUSTRIAL Y AMBIENTAL
Minimum Weight Flat Antichains of Subsets
Creators: name: Griggs, Jerrold R.
name: Hartmann, Sven
name: Kalinowski, Thomas
name: Leck, Uwe
name: Roberts, Ian T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05D05

description: Building on classical theorems of Sperner and Kruskal-Katona, we investigate antichains $\mathcal F$ in the Boolean lattice $B_n$ of all subsets of $[n]:=\{1,2,\dots,n\}$, where $\mathcal F$ is flat, meaning that it contains sets of at most two consecutive sizes, say $\mathcal F=\mathcal{A}\cup\mathcal{B}$, where $\mathcal{A}$ contains only $k$-subsets, while $\mathcal{B}$ contains only $(k-1)$-subsets. Moreover, we assume $\mathcal{A}$ consists of the first $m$ $k$-subsets in squashed (colexicographic) order, while $\mathcal{B}$ consists of all $(k-1)$-subsets not contained in the subsets in $\mathcal{A}$. Given reals $α,β>0$, we say the weight of $\mathcal F$ is $α\cdot|\mathcal{A}|+β\cdot|\mathcal{B}|$. We characterize the minimum weight antichains $\mathcal F$ for any given $n,k,α,β$, and we do the same when in addition $\mathcal F$ is a maximal antichain. We can then derive asymptotic results on both the minimum size and the minimum Lubell function.
Fermionic correlations as metric distances: a useful tool for materials science
Creators: name: Marocchi, Simone
name: Pittalis, Stefano
name: D'Amico, Irene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Qxx

description: We introduce a rigorous, physically appealing, and practical way to measure distances between exchange-only correlations of interacting many-electron systems, which works regardless of their size and inhomogeneity. We show that this distance captures fundamental physical features such as the periodicity of atomic elements, and that it can be used to effectively and efficiently analyze the performance of density functional approximations. We suggest that this metric can find useful applications in high-throughput materials design.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
CONDUCTA LABORAL Y SEGURIDAD EN EL TRABAJO EN EMPRESAS CONSTRUCTORAS DEL PERÚ
Creators: name: Ramirez-Asis, Edwin
name: Misael Maguiña Palma, Misael
name: Huerta-Soto, Rosario
name: Concepción Lázaro, Robert
Publisher: name: Revista de Investigación en Gestión Industrial, Ambiental, Seguridad y Salud en  el Trabajo - GISST
Year: 2020

description: Debido al crecimiento desmesurado de empresas en el sector construcción en el Perú y los innumerables accidentes sucedidos en las empresas constructoras, adicionalmente existe poca preocupación de parte de los gerentes respecto a mantener una cultura de seguridad laboral en sus empresas, se hace necesario realizar el presente trabajo cuyos objetivos fueron identificar la relación de la conducta laboral con la seguridad en el trabajo en las empresas constructoras, establecer el tipo de conducta de los trabajadores y el nivel de seguridad en el trabajo. Para lo cual se contactaron con 74 empresa y se entrevistó a 917 trabajadores, utilizaron los cuestionarios propuestos por Aguilar, De Lille, Escamilla & Cetina, (2018) para medir conducta labora y una adaptación del cuestionario elaborado por Gómez, Silva, Vilaret, & Suasnavas (2016) en materia de seguridad en el trabajo, ambos instrumentos pasaron por la validación de contenido mediante tres expertos y la fiabilidad con el alfa de Cronbach. Se realizó la prueba de normalidad mediante Kolmogorov-Smirnov, obteniendo un p<0.05, la cual demuestra que ambas variables no tienen distribución normal, posteriormente mediante el Rho de Spearman = 0.549 y un valor de sig. 0.00**. Las conclusiones fueron: existe una relación positiva moderada entre la conducta laboral y seguridad en el trabajo en empresas constructoras, los trabajadores tienen una percepción negativa de la conducta laboral y el nivel de seguridad en el trabajo.
description: Revista de Investigación en Gestión Industrial, Ambiental, Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo - GISST, Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2020): LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES EN SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO PERSPECTIVA INDUSTRIAL Y AMBIENTAL
CONDUCTA LABORAL Y SEGURIDAD EN EL TRABAJO EN EMPRESAS CONSTRUCTORAS DEL PERÚ
Creators: name: Ramirez-Asis, Edwin
name: Misael Maguiña Palma, Misael
name: Huerta-Soto, Rosario
name: Concepción Lázaro, Robert
Publisher: name: Revista de Investigación en Gestión Industrial, Ambiental, Seguridad y Salud en  el Trabajo - GISST
Year: 2020

description: Revista de Investigación en Gestión Industrial, Ambiental, Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo - GISST, Vol. 1 Núm. 1 (2020): LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES EN SEGURIDAD Y SALUD EN EL TRABAJO PERSPECTIVA INDUSTRIAL Y AMBIENTAL
Hybrid branes from split kinks
Creators: name: Bazeia, D.
name: Lobão, A. S.
name: Marques, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate braneworld models generated by scalar fields in which one field has a split kink profile, in which a kink separates into two kinklike configurations. Our analysis covers models with two and three fields, examining the behavior of the most important quantities associated with the brane, such as the warp factor and the stability of the corresponding gravity sector. The results show that the brane is stable and supports a hybrid character, behaving as a thin and thick configuration.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures; accepted in Nuclear Physics B
A note on the stability of the Cauchy horizon in regular black holes without mass inflation
Creators: name: Khodadi, Mohsen
name: Firouzjaee, Javad T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unlike generic models of regular black holes (BHs) with nonzero surface gravity on both Cauchy and event horizons, an inner-degenerate counterpart with zero Cauchy horizon surface gravity was recently proposed. For this regular BH solution with spherical symmetry, we examine the stability of the Cauchy horizon from both classic and quantum mechanics viewpoints. We find that the classical perturbations do not lead to mass inflation at the Cauchy horizon, indicating classically stability, while quantum fluctuations cause it to be unstable quantum mechanically.
description: 6 pages (two columns, letters style)
title: Anesthesia Provider’s Use and Perception of Emergency Cognitive Aids
Creators: name: Mette, Katie
Publisher: name: Digital Commons@Becker, Barnes Jewish College Goldfarb School of Nursing
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3
subject: FOS: Medical and health sciences

description: Cognitive aids have been shown to increase proper use of evidence-based practice treatment strategies in emergent scenarios. These treatment strategies can be unfamiliar to the provider as emergencies are rare, and when coupled with a heightened stress level and sense of urgency, relying on memory alone can be challenging. The purpose of this project was to implement a set of emergency-use cognitive aids developed by Stanford University known as the Stanford Emergency Manual into a set of operating rooms and measure the anesthesia providers use and perception of the cognitive aid via pre-implementation and post-implementation e-mailed surveys.
Restricted sums of four squares
Creators: name: Sun, Zhi-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11E25, 11D85, 11E20, 11P05

description: We refine Lagrange's four-square theorem in new ways by imposing some restrictions involving powers of two (including $1$). For example, we show that each $n=1,2,3,\ldots$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ $(x,y,z,w\in\mathbb N=\{0,1,2,\ldots\})$ with $|x+y-z|\in\{4^k:\ k\in\mathbb N\}$ (or $|2x-y|\in\{4^k:\ k\in\mathbb N\}$, or $x+y-z\in\{\pm 8^k:\ k\in\mathbb N\}\cup\{0\}\subseteq\{t^3:\ t\in\mathbb Z\}$), and that we can write any positive integer as $x^2+y^2+z^2+w^2$ $(x,y,z,w\in\mathbb Z)$ with $x+y+2z$ (or $x+2y+2z$) a power of four. We also prove that any $n\in\mathbb N$ can be written as $x^2+y^2+z^2+2w^2$ $(x,y,z,w\in\mathbb Z)$ with $x+y+z+w$ a square (or a cube). In addition, we pose some open conjectures for further research; for example, we conjecture that any integer $n>1$ can be written as $a^2+b^2+3^c+5^d$ with $a,b,c,d\in\mathbb N$.
description: 31 pages, final published version
Baryogenesis via Dark Matter-Induced Symmetry Breaking in the Early Universe
Creators: name: Sakstein, Jeremy
name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward a new proposal for generating the baryon asymmetry of the universe by making use of the dynamics of a $\mathrm{U}(1)$ scalar field coupled to dark matter. High dark matter densities cause the $\mathrm{U}(1)$ symmetry to break spontaneously so that the field acquires a large vacuum expectation value. The symmetry is restored when the density redshifts below a critical value, resulting in the coherent oscillation of the scalar field. A net $B-L$ number can be generated either via baryon number-conserving couplings to the standard model or through small symmetry-violating operators and the subsequent decay of the scalar condensate.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, updated to reflect published version
Effect of radiation damping on the Child-Langmuir law in open diodes
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a microscopic derivation of the space charge limited current for the motion of non-relativistic charged particles inside a parallel vacuum tube diode taking into account the radiation reaction force. We study the space charged limited current for two different limiting cases. Our results reveal that in the low field regime the space charge current does not follow the Child-Langmuir law, while in the high field regime the space charge current follows the Child-Langmuir law with and effective electrostatic field, i.e. the so called modified Child-Langmuir law.
description: 3 pages
Search for like-sign dileptons plus two jets signal in the framework of the manifest left-right symmetric model
Creators: name: Roitgrund, Aviad
name: Eilam, Gad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The left-right symmetric model may present evidence of new physics at the era of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We use its framework to investigate the lepton number violating process $pp \to e^\pm e^\pm jj+X$ at the $\unit[14]{TeV}$ LHC. We show that for an integrated luminosity of $\unit[300]{fb^{-1}}$, the discovery contour of the right-handed boson $W_R$ and the right-handed electron neutrino $N_e$ as a result of the $pp \to W^\pm_R \to e^\pm N \to e^\pm e^\pm jj$ process can be expanded upon considering an additional channel mediated by the right-handed doubly charged Higgs $δ^{\pm\pm}_R$, i.e. $pp\to W^\pm_R \to W^{\mp*}_R δ^{\pm\pm*}_R \to e^\pm e^\pm jj$.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Homogenization of the two-dimensional evolutionary compressible Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Nečasová, Šárka
name: Oschmann, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B27, 76M50, 76N06

description: We consider the evolutionary compressible Navier-Stokes equations in a two-dimensional perforated domain, and show that in the subcritical case of very tiny holes, the density and velocity converge to a solution of the evolutionary compressible Navier-Stokes equations in the non-perforated domain.
description: Published version https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-023-02526-2
Towards understanding thermal history of the Universe through direct and indirect detection of dark matter
Creators: name: Roszkowski, Leszek
name: Trojanowski, Sebastian
name: Turzynski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the question to what extent prospective detection of dark matter by direct and indirect- detection experiments could shed light on what fraction of dark matter was generated thermally via the freeze-out process in the early Universe. By simulating putative signals that could be seen in the near future and using them to reconstruct WIMP dark matter properties, we show that, in a model- independent approach this could only be achieved in a thin sliver of the parameter space. However, with additional theoretical input the hypothesis about the thermal freeze-out as the dominant mechanism for generating dark matter can potentially be verified. We illustrate this with two examples: an effective field theory of dark matter with a vector messenger and a higgsino or wino dark matter within the MSSM.
description: 31 pages, 7 figures, extended discussion in section 2
Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Campaign on Facebook using Minimal Supervision
Creators: name: Islam, Tunazzina
name: Goldwasser, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the age of social media, where billions of internet users share information and opinions, the negative impact of pandemics is not limited to the physical world. It provokes a surge of incomplete, biased, and incorrect information, also known as an infodemic. This global infodemic jeopardizes measures to control the pandemic by creating panic, vaccine hesitancy, and fragmented social response. Platforms like Facebook allow advertisers to adapt their messaging to target different demographics and help alleviate or exacerbate the infodemic problem depending on their content. In this paper, we propose a minimally supervised multi-task learning framework for understanding messaging on Facebook related to the COVID vaccine by identifying ad themes and moral foundations. Furthermore, we perform a more nuanced thematic analysis of messaging tactics of vaccine campaigns on social media so that policymakers can make better decisions on pandemic control.
description: Accepted as a regular paper at 2022 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE BigData 2022). Also accepted at the NLP for Positive Impact (NLP4PI) workshop@EMNLP 2022
Violation of causality in $f(T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Otalora, G.
name: Reboucas, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] In its standard formulation, the $f(T)$ field equations are not invariant under local Lorentz transformations, and thus the theory does not inherit the causal structure of special relativity. A locally Lorentz covariant $f(T)$ gravity theory has been devised recently, and this local causality problem has been overcome. The nonlocal question, however, is left open. If gravitation is to be described by this covariant $f(T)$ gravity theory there are a number of issues that ought to be examined in its context, including the question as to whether its field equations allow homogeneous Gödel-type solutions, which necessarily leads to violation of causality on nonlocal scale. Here, to look into the potentialities and difficulties of the covariant $f(T)$ theories, we examine whether they admit Gödel-type solutions. We take a combination of a perfect fluid with electromagnetic plus a scalar field as source, and determine a general Gödel-type solution, which contains special solutions in which the essential parameter of Gödel-type geometries, $m^2$, defines any class of homogeneous Gödel-type geometries. We extended to the context of covariant $f(T)$ gravity a theorem, which ensures that any perfect-fluid homogeneous Gödel-type solution defines the same set of Gödel tetrads $h_A^{~μ}$ up to a Lorentz transformation. We also shown that the single massless scalar field generates Gödel-type solution with no closed timelike curves. Even though the covariant $f(T)$ gravity restores Lorentz covariance of the field equations and the local validity of the causality principle, the bare existence of the Gödel-type solutions makes apparent that the covariant formulation of $f(T)$ gravity does not preclude non-local violation of causality in the form of closed timelike curves.
description: 10 pages, V2: Presentation of Sec.2 improved, references added, version published in Eur.Phys.J.C
Enhancing Adaptive Deep Networks for Image Classification via Uncertainty-aware Decision Fusion
Creators: name: Zhang, Xu
name: Xie, Zhipeng
name: Yu, Haiyang
name: Wang, Qitong
name: Wang, Peng
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Handling varying computational resources is a critical issue in modern AI applications. Adaptive deep networks, featuring the dynamic employment of multiple classifier heads among different layers, have been proposed to address classification tasks under varying computing resources. Existing approaches typically utilize the last classifier supported by the available resources for inference, as they believe that the last classifier always performs better across all classes. However, our findings indicate that earlier classifier heads can outperform the last head for certain classes. Based on this observation, we introduce the Collaborative Decision Making (CDM) module, which fuses the multiple classifier heads to enhance the inference performance of adaptive deep networks. CDM incorporates an uncertainty-aware fusion method based on evidential deep learning (EDL), that utilizes the reliability (uncertainty values) from the first c-1 classifiers to improve the c-th classifier' accuracy. We also design a balance term that reduces fusion saturation and unfairness issues caused by EDL constraints to improve the fusion quality of CDM. Finally, a regularized training strategy that uses the last classifier to guide the learning process of early classifiers is proposed to further enhance the CDM module's effect, called the Guided Collaborative Decision Making (GCDM) framework. The experimental evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our approaches. Results on ImageNet datasets show CDM and GCDM obtain 0.4% to 2.8% accuracy improvement (under varying computing resources) on popular adaptive networks. The code is available at the link https://github.com/Meteor-Stars/GCDM_AdaptiveNet.
description: 13 pages, 27 figures. In ACM Multimedia 2024
Weakly Supervised Learning for Analyzing Political Campaigns on Facebook
Creators: name: Islam, Tunazzina
name: Roy, Shamik
name: Goldwasser, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Social media platforms are currently the main channel for political messaging, allowing politicians to target specific demographics and adapt based on their reactions. However, making this communication transparent is challenging, as the messaging is tightly coupled with its intended audience and often echoed by multiple stakeholders interested in advancing specific policies. Our goal in this paper is to take a first step towards understanding these highly decentralized settings. We propose a weakly supervised approach to identify the stance and issue of political ads on Facebook and analyze how political campaigns use some kind of demographic targeting by location, gender, or age. Furthermore, we analyze the temporal dynamics of the political ads on election polls.
description: accepted at 17th International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM-2023), 12 pages
On the multiple-scale analysis for some linear partial $q$-difference and differential equations with holomorphic coefficients
Creators: name: Dreyfus, Thomas
name: Lastra, Alberto
name: Malek, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35C10, 35C20

description: The analytic and formal solutions of certain family of $q$-difference-differential equations under the action of a complex perturbation parameter is considered. The previous study of the last two authors provides information in the case when the main equation under study is factorizable, as a product of two equations in the so-called normal form. Each of them gives rise to a single level of $q$-Gevrey asymptotic expansion. In the present work, the main problem under study does not suffer any factorization, and a different approach is followed. More precisely, we lean on the technique developed in a paper, where the first author makes distinction among the different $q$-Gevrey asymptotic levels by successive applications of two $q$-Borel-Laplace transforms of different orders both to the same initial problem and which can be described by means of a Newton polygon.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1508.02621
A search for kilonova radio flares in a sample of Swift/BAT short GRBs
Creators: name: Eddins, Avery
name: Lee, Kyung-hwan
name: Corsi, Alessandra
name: Bartos, Imre
name: Marka, Zsuzsanna
name: Marka, Szabolcs
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-messenger detection of GW170817 showed that binary neutron star (BNS) mergers are progenitors of (at least some) short gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), and that short GRB jets (and their afterglows) can have structures (and observational properties) more complex than predicted by the standard top-hat jet scenario. Indeed, the emission from the structured jet launched in GW170817 peaked in the radio band (cm wavelengths) at about 100 d since merger - a timescale much longer than the typical time span of radio follow-up observations of short GRBs. Moreover, radio searches for a potential late-time radio flare from the fast tail of the neutron-rich debris that powered the kilonova associated with GW170817 (AT2017gfo) have extended to even longer timescales (years after the merger). In light of this, here we present the results of an observational campaign targeting a sample of seven, years-old GRBs in the Swift/BAT sample with no redshift measurements and no promptly-identified X-ray counterpart. Our goal is to assess whether this sample of short GRBs could harbor nearby BNS mergers, searching for the late-time radio emission expected from their ejecta. We found one radio candidate counterpart for one of the GRBs in our sample, GRB111126A, though an origin related to emission from star formation or from an AGN in its host galaxy cannot be excluded without further observations.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, published in ApJ
Time and space efficient generators for quasiseparable matrices
Creators: name: Pernet, Clement
name: Storjohann, Arne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The class of quasiseparable matrices is defined by the property that any submatrix entirely below or above the main diagonal has small rank, namely below a bound called the order of quasiseparability. These matrices arise naturally in solving PDE's for particle interaction with the Fast Multi-pole Method (FMM), or computing generalized eigenvalues. From these application fields, structured representations and algorithms have been designed in numerical linear algebra to compute with these matrices in time linear in the matrix dimension and either quadratic or cubic in the quasiseparability order. Motivated by the design of the general purpose exact linear algebra library LinBox, and by algorithmic applications in algebraic computing, we adapt existing techniques introduce novel ones to use quasiseparable matrices in exact linear algebra, where sub-cubic matrix arithmetic is available. In particular, we will show, the connection between the notion of quasiseparability and the rank profile matrix invariant, that we have introduced in 2015. It results in two new structured representations, one being a simpler variation on the hierarchically semiseparable storage, and the second one exploiting the generalized Bruhat decomposition. As a consequence, most basic operations, such as computing the quasiseparability orders, applying a vector, a block vector, multiplying two quasiseparable matrices together, inverting a quasiseparable matrix, can be at least as fast and often faster than previous existing algorithms.
Local charges in involution and hierarchies in integrable sigma-models
Creators: name: Lacroix, Sylvain
name: Magro, Marc
name: Vicedo, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Integrable $σ$-models, such as the principal chiral model, ${\mathbb{Z}}_T$-coset models for $T \in {\mathbb{Z}}_{\geq 2}$ and their various integrable deformations, are examples of non-ultralocal integrable field theories described by (cyclotomic) $r/s$-systems with twist function. In this general setting, and when the Lie algebra ${\mathfrak{g}}$ underlying the $r/s$-system is of classical type, we construct an infinite algebra of local conserved charges in involution, extending the approach of Evans, Hassan, MacKay and Mountain developed for the principal chiral model and symmetric space $σ$-model. In the present context, the local charges are attached to certain `regular' zeros of the twist function and have increasing degrees related to the exponents of the untwisted affine Kac-Moody algebra $\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}$ associated with ${\mathfrak{g}}$. The Hamiltonian flows of these charges are shown to generate an infinite hierarchy of compatible integrable equations.
description: 67 pages, published version
Fast and Slow Coherent Cascades in Anti-de Sitter Spacetime
Creators: name: Dimitrakopoulos, Fotios V.
name: Freivogel, Ben
name: Pedraza, Juan F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase and amplitude dynamics of small perturbations in 3+1 dimensional Anti-de Sitter spacetime using the truncated resonant approximation, also known as the Two Time Framework (TTF). We analyse the phase spectrum for different classes of initial data and find that higher frequency modes turn on with coherently aligned phases. Combining numerical and analytical results, we conjecture that there is a class of initial conditions that collapse in infinite slow time and to which the well-studied case of the two-mode, equal energy initial data belongs. We additionally study perturbations that collapse in finite time, and find that the energy spectrum approaches a power law, with the energy per mode scaling approximately as the inverse first power of the frequency.
description: 19 pages, multiple figures. v2: version published in CQG
Facial Expression Video Generation Based-On Spatio-temporal Convolutional GAN: FEV-GAN
Creators: name: Bouzid, Hamza
name: Ballihi, Lahoucine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 41A05, 41A10, 65D05, 65D17

description: Facial expression generation has always been an intriguing task for scientists and researchers all over the globe. In this context, we present our novel approach for generating videos of the six basic facial expressions. Starting from a single neutral facial image and a label indicating the desired facial expression, we aim to synthesize a video of the given identity performing the specified facial expression. Our approach, referred to as FEV-GAN (Facial Expression Video GAN), is based on Spatio-temporal Convolutional GANs, that are known to model both content and motion in the same network. Previous methods based on such a network have shown a good ability to generate coherent videos with smooth temporal evolution. However, they still suffer from low image quality and low identity preservation capability. In this work, we address this problem by using a generator composed of two image encoders. The first one is pre-trained for facial identity feature extraction and the second for spatial feature extraction. We have qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated our model on two international facial expression benchmark databases: MUG and Oulu-CASIA NIR&VIS. The experimental results analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach in generating videos of the six basic facial expressions while preserving the input identity. The analysis also proves that the use of both identity and spatial features enhances the decoder ability to better preserve the identity and generate high-quality videos. The code and the pre-trained model will soon be made publicly available.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted in ISWA journal
A setup for direct measurement of the adiabatic temperature change in magnetocaloric materials
Creators: name: Ghorai, Sagar
name: Hedlund, Daniel
name: Kapuscinski, Martin
name: Svedlindh, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to find a highly efficient, environment-friendly magnetic refrigerant, direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change $ΔT_{adb}$ is required. Here, in this work, a simple setup for the $ΔT_{adb}$ measurement is presented. Using a permanent magnet Halbach array with a maximum magnetic field of $1.8$ T and a rate of magnetic field change of $5$ T/s, accurate determination of $ΔT_{adb}$ is possible in this system. The operating temperature range of the system is from $100$ K to $400$ K, designed for the characterization of materials with potential for room temperature magnetic refrigeration applications. Using the setup, the $ΔT_{adb}$ of a first-order and a second-order compound have been studied. Results from the direct measurement for the first-order compound have been compared with $ΔT_{adb}$ calculated from the temperature and magnetic field dependent specific heat data. By comparing results from direct and indirect measurements, it is concluded that for a reliable characterization of the magnetocaloric effect, direct measurement of $ΔT_{adb}$ should be adopted.
Searching for high-frequency gravitational waves by ground high field magnetic resonant sweepings
Creators: name: Zheng, H.
name: Wei, L. F.
name: Wen, H.
name: Li, F. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With laser interferometers, LIGO-Virgo collaboration has recently realized the direct detections of the intermediate-frequency (i.e., from dozens to hundreds of Hertz) gravitational waves (GWs) by probing their mechanically-tidal responses. Alternatively, in this letter we propose a feasible approach to actively search for the high-frequency GWs by probing their electromagnetic responses (EMRs) in a high alternating magnetic field. Differing from the original Gertsenshtein-Zeldovich configuration (in which the EMRs are proportional to the square of the amplitudes of the GWs, and consequently are too weak to be detected experimentally), the EMRs of the GWs passing through the present configuration are linearly related to the amplitudes of the GWs and thus the relevant signals are detectable with the current weak-light detection technique. As the wave impedances of the GWs-induced electromagnetic signals (EMSs) are very different from those the EM radiations in flat space-time, i.e, ($\cong 377 Ω$), the stronger background noises (without any GWs information) could be effectively filtered out by using wave-matching technique. Given the frequency of the applied alternating magnetic field is conveniently adjustable, the configuration proposed here could be utilized to actively search for the GWs (if they really exist) in a sufficiently-wide frequency band (e.g., could be $10^7-10^{12}$Hz), once the scale of the cavity and the sweeping frequency of the applied alternating magnetic field are experimentally achievable.
Hautus--Yamamoto criteria for approximate and exact controllability of linear difference delay equations
Creators: name: Chitour, Yacine
name: Fueyo, Sébastien
name: Mazanti, Guilherme
name: Sigalotti, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The paper deals with the controllability of finite-dimensional linear difference delay equations, i.e., dynamics for which the state at a given time $t$ is obtained as a linear combination of the control evaluated at time $t$ and of the state evaluated at finitely many previous instants of time $t-Λ_1,\dots,t-Λ_N$. Based on the realization theory developed by Y.Yamamoto for general infinite-dimensional dynamical systems, we obtain necessary and sufficient conditions, expressed in the frequency domain, for the approximate controllability in finite time in $L^q$ spaces, $q \in [1, +\infty)$. We also provide a necessary condition for $L^1$ exact controllability, which can be seen as the closure of the $L^1$ approximate controllability criterion. Furthermore, we provide an explicit upper bound on the minimal times of approximate and exact controllability, given by $d\max\{Λ_1,\dots,Λ_N\}$, where $d$ is the dimension of the state space.
Virtual distillation with noise dilution
Creators: name: Teo, Yong Siah
name: Shin, Seongwook
name: Kwon, Hyukgun
name: Lee, Seok-Hyung
name: Jeong, Hyunseok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Virtual distillation is an error-mitigation technique that reduces quantum-computation errors without assuming the noise type. In scenarios where the user of a quantum circuit is required to additionally employ peripherals, such as delay lines, that introduce excess noise, we find that the error-mitigation performance can be improved if the peripheral, whenever possible, is split across the entire circuit; that is, when the noise channel is uniformly distributed in layers within the circuit. We show that under the multiqubit loss and Pauli noise channels respectively, for a given overall error rate, the average mitigation performance improves monotonically as the noisy peripheral is split~(diluted) into more layers, with each layer sandwiched between subcircuits that are sufficiently deep to behave as two-designs. For both channels, analytical and numerical evidence show that second-order distillation is generally sufficient for (near-)optimal mitigation. We propose an application of these findings in designing a quantum-computing cluster that houses realistic noisy intermediate-scale quantum circuits that may be shallow in depth, where measurement detectors are limited and delay lines are necessary to queue output qubits from multiple circuits.
description: 36 pages, 12 figures, 5 tables