cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing non-standard neutrino interactions with supernova neutrinos
Creators: name: Esteban-Pretel, A.
name: Tomàs, R.
name: Valle, J. W. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the possibility of probing non-standard neutrino interactions (NSI, for short) through the detection of neutrinos produced in a future galactic supernova (SN).We consider the effect of NSI on the neutrino propagation through the SN envelope within a three-neutrino framework, paying special attention to the inclusion of NSI-induced resonant conversions, which may take place in the most deleptonised inner layers. We study the possibility of detecting NSI effects in a Megaton water Cherenkov detector, either through modulation effects in the $\barν_e$ spectrum due to (i) the passage of shock waves through the SN envelope, (ii) the time dependence of the electron fraction and (iii) the Earth matter effects; or, finally, through the possible detectability of the neutronization $ν_e$ burst. We find that the $\barν_e$ spectrum can exhibit dramatic features due to the internal NSI-induced resonant conversion. This occurs for non-universal NSI strengths of a few %, and for very small flavor-changing NSI above a few$\times 10^{-5}$.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures, 17 postscript files
Contamination detection from highly cluttered waste scenes using computer vision
Creators: name: Mewada, Dishant
name: Agnew, Cathaoir
name: Grua, Eoin
name: Eising, Ciarán
name: Denny, Patrick
name: Heffernan, Mark
name: Tierney, Ken
name: van de Ven, Pepijn
name: Scanlan, Tony
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering

description: As the global production of waste continues to rise, there is a growing demand for more effective waste management strategies to handle this expanding problem. Recycling rates in the United States for recyclable materials are below 35%, resulting in elevated levels of waste being sent to landfills. This situation has alarming consequences, contributing to rising pollution in both soil and aquatic ecosystems, and is a significant source of concern for environmental scientists and the general population alike. The presence of contamination in recycling collection trucks is a root cause impacting recycling rates, leading to the rejection of entire loads from recycling processing sites. This problem can be alleviated by automatically detecting contamination in recyclable waste that is loaded into the collection truck hopper before compaction. In this paper, we have used different state-of-the-art computer vision-based models such as Faster-RCNN, Cascade-RCNN, Retinanet, YOLOv8 and Mask-RCNN to identify contamination within a densely cluttered waste environment. We further investigate the viability of transfer learning, comparing it to the models trained from scratch. The YOLOv8-x model attained a mean-average precision of 0.395 without using transfer learning, whereas with the incorporation of transfer learning, its performance increased to 0.463.
Integrating DDI validation into daily workflow at FSD
Creators: name: Rekola, Emil
name: Niskanen, Oskari
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: DDI users across the world face the problem of producing DDI Codebook compliant descriptions of datasets in the form of XML-files. Errors in the structure of the file are common if the validation of the file is done only by a human inspector. Therefore, many kinds of DDI/XML-validators have been developed to ensure data repositories can produce valid DDI descriptions that follow DDI Codebook structure As a data archive, we too have faced the problem of producing compliant DDI descriptions. Therefore, we began developing our own DDI/XML-validator to solve the problem, and at the same, ease the workload of our employees that process the data. The validator that we developed is integrated into our operational database platform, which guides and aids us in our daily workflow. The reason why we chose to develop our own validator instead of utilizing existing solutions, was because we wanted to have a tailor-made solution that fits our platform flawlessly. Our validator consists of a back-end micro-service and a user interface, which checks if the file is well-formed as well as follows DDI's and FSD's specifications. In our presentation we'll discuss the background information related to DDI/XML validation and showcase our newly built software.
หมอลำ : พื้นที่แห่งตัวตนคนข้ามเพศอีสาน
Creators: name: ชนินธร ม้าทอง
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2557
Subjects: คนข้ามเพศ, อัตลักษณ์, พื้นที่ทางสังคม

description: 4, 33, วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์  มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
CEREC: A Corpus for Entity Resolution in Email Conversations
Creators: name: Dakle, Parag Pravin
name: Moldovan, Dan I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the first large scale corpus for entity resolution in email conversations (CEREC). The corpus consists of 6001 email threads from the Enron Email Corpus containing 36,448 email messages and 60,383 entity coreference chains. The annotation is carried out as a two-step process with minimal manual effort. Experiments are carried out for evaluating different features and performance of four baselines on the created corpus. For the task of mention identification and coreference resolution, a best performance of 59.2 F1 is reported, highlighting the room for improvement. An in-depth qualitative and quantitative error analysis is presented to understand the limitations of the baselines considered.
คติความเชื่อและอัตลักษณ์ที่ปรากฏในการรำบวงสรวงศาสนสถานในภาคตะวันออกเฉียงเหนือ : ระบำจัมปาศรี
Creators: name: อุรารมย์ จันทมาลา
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2558
Subjects: คติ, อัตลักษณ์, การรำบวงสรวง

description: 1, 34, วารสารมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์  มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Spatial correlation of linear and nonlinear electron transport in superconducting microwave resonator: laser scanning microscopy analysis
Creators: name: Zhuravel, Alexander P.
name: Anlage, Steven M.
name: Remillard, Stephen
name: Ustinov, Alexey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatially-resolved techniques of laser scanning microscopy (LSM) have been used to image simultaneously the spatial variations of (i) rf current flow, J$_RF$(x,y), of (ii) areas of resistive dissipation and (iii) the sources of microwave nonlinearity (NL) in an operating superconducting resonator. The RF power dependent spatial evolution of these linear and NL microwave properties in the meander strip YBCO/LAO superconducting resonator have been LSM probed at different temperatures below Tc. The influence of both topologies of the twin-domain YBCO structure and of J$_RF$(x,y) peaks at the edges of superconducting strip line on its NL properties was analyzed in detail with a micron-scale spatial resolution. Result shows the resistive origin of the dominant sources of microwave NLs
description: 3 pages, 3 figures, submitted to MSMW-07 Symposium Proceedings
Initializing LSTM internal states via manifold learning
Creators: name: Kemeth, Felix P.
name: Bertalan, Tom
name: Evangelou, Nikolaos
name: Cui, Tianqi
name: Malani, Saurabh
name: Kevrekidis, Ioannis G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach, based on learning an intrinsic data manifold, for the initialization of the internal state values of LSTM recurrent neural networks, ensuring consistency with the initial observed input data. Exploiting the generalized synchronization concept, we argue that the converged, "mature" internal states constitute a function on this learned manifold. The dimension of this manifold then dictates the length of observed input time series data required for consistent initialization. We illustrate our approach through a partially observed chemical model system, where initializing the internal LSTM states in this fashion yields visibly improved performance. Finally, we show that learning this data manifold enables the transformation of partially observed dynamics into fully observed ones, facilitating alternative identification paths for nonlinear dynamical systems.
Additional file 1 of Can the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay be used as an antimicrobial stewardship tool? A prospective assay validation and descriptive impact assessment study in a South African setting
Creators: name: Reddy, Kessendri
name: Whitelaw, Andrew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MRSA/SA BC assay on positive blood cultures containing Gram positive cocci in clusters on Gram stain, compared with culture-based methods (n = 227). A summary of the results of the evaluation of the Xpert assay for methicillin-resistant S. aureus, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.
Filling-Factor-Dependent Magnetophonon Resonance in Graphene
Creators: name: Goerbig, M. O.
name: Fuchs, J. -N.
name: Kechedzhi, K.
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a peculiar fine structure acquired by the in-plane optical phonon at the Gamma-point in graphene when it is brought into resonance with one of the inter-Landau-level transitions in this material. The effect is most pronounced when this lattice mode (associated with the G-band in graphene Raman spectrum) is in resonance with inter-Landau-level transitions 0 -> (+,1) and (-,1) -> 0, at a magnetic field B_0 ~ 30 T. It can be used to measure the strength of the electron-phonon coupling directly, and its filling-factor dependence can be used experimentally to detect circularly polarized lattice modes.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; mistakes due to an erroneous electron-phonon coupling constant have been corrected; mode splitting is larger than originally expected
Dynamic Elastography using Multi-directional Excitation on Prestressed Isotropic Phantoms
Creators: name: Luna, Aime
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Dynamic elastography is an imaging technique that maps shear wave motion through material and has been applied in multiple modalities including optics, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance. Elastography offers a quantitative and non-invasive method of diagnosing and staging diseases where changes in viscoelastic muscle properties occurs(dystrophy, fibrosis, tumors). The mechanical properties of soft tissue are complex because they depend on both material and structure. It is important to consider the structure of the striated soft muscle tissue as anisotropic, incompressible, and heterogeneous. Current studies have shown that skeletal muscle exhibits a distinct mechanical response to active versus passive loading and neglect the effect of waveguides coupled with this loading. To better understand the effect of prestress and waveguides on mechanical wave motion, a novel experimental setup was made to introduce torsionally polarized waves into an isotropic phantom. Using two in-phase piezo actuators, a silicone phantom is rotated on one end and torsional waves propagate through the phantom. Weight is also added to the phantom to simulate a strain of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%. Surface level wave motion was captured using Scanning Laser Doppler Vibrometry(SLDV). SLDV data is used to obtain the complex shear modulus as a function of prestress and excitation frequency, with transformation acousto-elastogrpahy(TAE) used to differentiate true shear modulus values from prestress effects. Finite element models were constructed to simulate the static and dynamic deformations being tested and compared to experimental results. Last, torsional excitation delivery and prestress decoupling were also tested using MRE. Experimental complex shear modulus values were acquired and corrected using TAE with promising results. Analysis of fractional Voigt model parameters identified a range of frequencies of interest for the torsional wave setup, and provides a good basis for exploration of higher order terms and complexities in material models.
Adversarial Multi-task Learning Enhanced Physics-informed Neural Networks for Solving Partial Differential Equations
Creators: name: Thanasutives, Pongpisit
name: Numao, Masayuki
name: Fukui, Ken-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, researchers have utilized neural networks to accurately solve partial differential equations (PDEs), enabling the mesh-free method for scientific computation. Unfortunately, the network performance drops when encountering a high nonlinearity domain. To improve the generalizability, we introduce the novel approach of employing multi-task learning techniques, the uncertainty-weighting loss and the gradients surgery, in the context of learning PDE solutions. The multi-task scheme exploits the benefits of learning shared representations, controlled by cross-stitch modules, between multiple related PDEs, which are obtainable by varying the PDE parameterization coefficients, to generalize better on the original PDE. Encouraging the network pay closer attention to the high nonlinearity domain regions that are more challenging to learn, we also propose adversarial training for generating supplementary high-loss samples, similarly distributed to the original training distribution. In the experiments, our proposed methods are found to be effective and reduce the error on the unseen data points as compared to the previous approaches in various PDE examples, including high-dimensional stochastic PDEs.
description: Accepted by the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) 2021, Oral presentation
An experimental study of instability in square plates twisted by corner forces
Creators: name: Williams, Gordon Colin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An experimental study is presented on the non-linear twisting of plates with free edges, through the application of self-equilibrating corner loads. A simple apparatus was designed and various sizes of plates were twisted while measuring the surface strains on both sides at the centre. Initial difficulty was encountered due to unwanted deflection of the plate under its own weight. The Rayleigh-Ritz method is used to determine an analytical relationship between midsurface strains and curvatures in the pre- and post-bifurcation regions of twisting. In both the experimental and analytical results, the midsurface strains are found to vary linearly with the Gaussian curvature. Non-dimensional groups are identified which collapse the experimental load-strain, load-curvature and midsurface strain-Gaussian curvature relationships. These non-dimensional groups collapse the results in both the linear and non-linear regions. The curvature at the point of bifurcation is identified as a function of plate dimensional parameters. Also shown are the expressions for critical surface strain and corner load at which bifurcation occurs. The experimental load-curvature relationship and point of bifurcation are compared with analytical results found in the literature. A large discrepancy in the literature is resolved for the theoretical point of bifurcation. The present results form a basis for verification of future analytical results, and are important in the measurement of constitutive relationships using the twisted plate test.
The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Insterstellar Clouds. IX. The Serpens YSO Population As Observed With IRAC and MIPS
Creators: name: Harvey, Paul
name: Merin, Bruno
name: Huard, Tracy L.
name: Rebull, Luisa M.
name: Chapman, Nicholas
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Myers, Philip C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the results from the combined IRAC and MIPS c2d Spitzer Legacy observations of the Serpens star-forming region. In particular we present a set of criteria for isolating bona fide young stellar objects, YSO's, from the extensive background contamination by extra-galactic objects. We then discuss the properties of the resulting high confidence set of YSO's. We find 235 such objects in the 0.85 deg^2 field that was covered with both IRAC and MIPS. An additional set of 51 lower confidence YSO's outside this area is identified from the MIPS data combined with 2MASS photometry. We describe two sets of results, color-color diagrams to compare our observed source properties with those of theoretical models for star/disk/envelope systems and our own modeling of the subset of our objects that appear to be star+disks. These objects exhibit a very wide range of disk properties, from many that can be fit with actively accreting disks to some with both passive disks and even possibly debris disks. We find that the luminosity function of YSO's in Serpens extends down to at least a few x .001 Lsun or lower for an assumed distance of 260 pc. The lower limit may be set by our inability to distinguish YSO's from extra-galactic sources more than by the lack of YSO's at very low luminosities. A spatial clustering analysis shows that the nominally less-evolved YSO's are more highly clustered than the later stages and that the background extra-galactic population can be fit by the same two-point correlation function as seen in other extra-galactic studies. We also present a table of matches between several previous infrared and X-ray studies of the Serpens YSO population and our Spitzer data set.
The Spitzer c2d Survey of Large, Nearby, Interstellar Clouds VIII. Serpens Observed with MIPS
Creators: name: Harvey, Paul M.
name: Rebull, Luisa M.
name: Brooke, Tim
name: Spiesman, William J.
name: Chapman, Nicholas
name: Huard, Tracy L.
name: Evans, Neal J.
name: Cieza, Lucas
name: Lai, Shih-Ping
name: Allen, Lori E.
name: Mundy, Lee G.
name: Padgett, Deborah L.
name: Sargent, Anneila I.
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
name: Myers, Philip C.
name: van Dishoeck, Ewine F.
name: Blake, Geoffrey A.
name: Koerner, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present maps of 1.5 square degrees of the Serpens dark cloud at 24, 70, and 160\micron observed with the Spitzer Space Telescope MIPS Camera. More than 2400 compact sources have been extracted at 24um, nearly 100 at 70um, and 4 at 160um. We estimate completeness limits for our 24um survey from Monte Carlo tests with artificial sources inserted into the Spitzer maps. We compare source counts, colors, and magnitudes in the Serpens cloud to two reference data sets, a 0.50 deg^2 set on a low-extinction region near the dark cloud, and a 5.3 deg^2 subset of the SWIRE ELAIS N1 data that was processed through our pipeline. These results show that there is an easily identifiable population of young stellar object candidates in the Serpens Cloud that is not present in either of the reference data sets. We also show a comparison of visual extinction and cool dust emission illustrating a close correlation between the two, and find that the most embedded YSO candidates are located in the areas of highest visual extinction.
Effect of Co and Fe on the inverse magnetocaloric properties of Ni-Mn-Sn
Creators: name: Krenke, Thorsten
name: Duman, Eyup
name: Acet, Mehmet
name: Moya, Xavier
name: Manosa, Lluis
name: Planes, Antoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At certain compositions Ni-Mn-$X$ Heusler alloys ($X$: group IIIA-VA elements) undergo martensitic transformations, and many of them exhibit inverse magnetocaloric effects. In alloys where $X$ is Sn, the isothermal entropy change is largest among the Heusler alloys, particularly in Ni$_{50}$Mn$_{37}$Sn$_{13}$ where it reaches a value of 20 Jkg$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$ for a field of 5T. We substitute Ni with Fe and Co in this alloy, each in amounts of 1 at% and 3 at% to perturb the electronic concentration and examine the resulting changes in the magnetocaloric properties. Increasing both Fe and Co concentrations causes the martensitic transition temperature to decrease, whereby the substitution by Co at both compositions or substituting 1 at% Fe leads to a decrease in the magnetocaloric effect. On the other hand, the magnetocaloric effect in the alloy with 3 at% Fe leads to an increase in the value of the entropy change to about 30 Jkg$^{-1}$K$^{-1}$ at 5T.
description: 5 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in the Journal of Applied Physics
การลดระยะเวลาในการอบแห้งไม้โดยใช้อากาศอบแห้งที่มีความชื้นสัมพัทธ์ตํ่า
Creators: name: อาทิตย์ เพียรงาม
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2556
Subjects: การอบแห้งด้วยอากาศความชื้นสัมพัทธ์ต่ำ, พลังงานแสงอาทิตย์, ไม้, อบแห้งไม้

description: 5, 32, วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Biodiversity Literacy in Undergraduate Education (BLUE): Building standards and resources for using collections data in the classroom
Creators: name: Phillips, Molly
name: Linton, Debra
name: Ellwood, Libby
name: Douglas, Natalie
name: White, Lisa
name: Monfils, Anna
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2019

description: Abstract for poster on using collections data presented at the 2019 BioQUEST & QUBES Summer Workshop
Characidium heirmostigmata da Graca & Pavanelli 2008
Creators: name: Casciotta, Jorge
name: Almirón, Adriana
name: Doubnerová, Klára
name: Piálek, Lubomír
name: Říčan, Oldřich
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Characiformes
Crenuchidae
Characidium
Characidium heirmostigmata

description: Characidium heirmostigmata Graça & Pavanelli, 2008 (fig. 2)
Morphometric data are given in table 1. Premaxillary teeth 7-8; dentary teeth 5-8. Lateral line scales 33- 34. Scale rows above lateral line 4 and below 3. Scales in predorsal series 9-11. Scales around caudal peduncle 12. Dorsal-fin rays iii,9-iv9. Pectoral-fin rays iii,9-iii,10. Anal-fin rays ii, 6-iii,6.
Characidium heirmostigmata is only known from tributaries of the rio Ivai, upper rio Paraná basin in Paraná state, Brazil. We found specimens of Characidium heirmostigmata in the arroyo Garuhapé, middle río Paraná basin, Misiones Province Argentina (fig. 1).
Material examined: MLP 10750, 6 ex., 52.0- 54.5 mm SL, río Paraná basin, Misiones Province, arroyo Garuhapé (26°53'02.1" S, 54°53'32.6" W), December 2007.
description: Published as part of Casciotta, Jorge, Almirón, Adriana, Doubnerová, Klára, Piálek, Lubomír & Říčan, Oldřich, 2015, First records of Characidium heirmostigmata and C. serrano (Characiformes: Crenuchidae) from freshwaters of Argentina., pp. 1-3 in Ichthyological Contributions of PecesCriollos 34 on page 1, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.11558266
การวิเคราะห์พลังงานและเอกซ์เซอยีของกระบวนการอบแห้งโดยใช้ปั๊มความร้อน
Creators: name: จักรพงษ์ วงค์คำหูม
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
Year: 2556
Subjects: พลังงาน, ปั๊มความร้อน, เอกซ์เซอยี, อบแห้ง

description: 5, 32, วารสารวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี มหาวิทยาลัยมหาสารคาม
A Thematic Exploration of Mental Health and Multidimensional Social Factors in Suicidality Discourse
Creators: name: Budiarta, Gus
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: The study explores suicide discourse from an online forum, Reddit. It presents a thematic analysis of user experiences and contributions across three subreddits: r/SuicideWatch, r/MentalHealth, and r/Depression. These forums have significant numbers of community members who discuss various themes related to mental health, including suicide. The anonymous nature of Reddit allows members to comfortably discuss such stigmatized topics. The aim of this study is to understand both the mental health and social factors of suicide through a qualitative analysis of the discourse. Thirty trending posts on suicide from each subreddit are analyzed, adapting the framework introduced by Alison Kafer (2013), which integrates concepts of impairments with feminist theory, queer theory, and Disability Studies. The current study acknowledges the fragmented movements of disability and mad movements, presenting an understanding that positions mental health problems and suicide within the concept of disability.
The thematic analysis of the discourse on suicide in these subreddits reveals six major themes: (1) Mental Health Impairments and Well-Being; (2) Interpersonal Relationships and Support Systems; (3) Existential and Philosophical Concerns; (4) Coping and Support Seeking; (5) Identity and Self-Expression; and (6) Practical, Circumstantial Factors, and Societal Factors. These forums provide an open and relatively safe environment for discussing mental health problems and suicide. Community members engage in a wide range of topics related to suicide, covering both individual factors, such as mental health diagnoses, and societal contributors to distress leading to suicide—including dynamics in interpersonal relationships, social discrimination, and marginalization. In summary, the analysis of discourse results in four main domains of suicide discourse that can be considerations in a better understanding of suicide as a social phenomenon: (1) Diagnosis of Disability and Mental Health Impairments, (2) Intersectional Identities and Oppression, (3) Challenging Normative Ideals, Oppressive Environments, and Disabling Society, and (4) Reimagining the Future of Understanding Suicide.
The application of passive techniques in housing design in hot and dry climates, with special emphasis on India
Creators: name: Kanetkar, Raminder B.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This research focussed on the identification, evaluation and recommendation of passive design strategies suitable for housing design in hot and dry climates in India. The term 'passive' refers to those design techniques which, in order to enhance thermal comfort, utilize the favourable and mininimize the unfavourable elements of the local climate. The objective of the research was to determine means by which reliance on mechanical means of achieving comfort and associated socio-economic costs can be minimized. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part identifies and evaluates the passive design techniques used in the dwellings of pre-industrial and post-industrial cities located in hot and dry region in India. Climate, environmental problems (primarily cooling), and indoor comfort criteria were analysed to establish preliminary criteria for evaluating the thermal performance of design techniques. The main objective was to enable designers to identify those techniques which can be used in contemporary dwelling designs. The second part proposes strategies to incorporate passive techniques in contemporary housing design. General strategies recommended at various levels of design include the following: -minimize solar gain -minimize conductive heat flow -promote ventilation -minimize internal heat gains -promote radiant cooling -delay periodic heat flow -promote evaporative cooling -control high velocity wind -control glare These strategies, which recognize the comfort-related needs of dwelling occupants, promote the use of local construction practices. The application of passive techniques presents architects with a considerable scope for creativity in housing design. However, at the outset, it is necessary to define priorities in the selection of design strategies, and to ensure these priorities are addressed through each level of design. The strategies selected in this thesis emphasize the need for minimizing heat gain during day time, and maximizing heat loss at night. It is concluded from this research that the application of passive techniques in contemporary housing design allows for maintenance of most thermal comfort needs, thereby reducing reliance on mechanical means of control. At the same time, the use of passive techniques provides a potential for the housing designs to respond effectively to certain socio-cultural needs of the occupants.
Casimir entropy and nonlocal response functions to the off-shell quantum fluctuations
Creators: name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonlocal response functions to quantum fluctuations are used to find asymptotic expressions for the Casimir free energy and entropy at arbitrarily low temperature in the configuration of two parallel metallic plates. It is shown that by introducing an alternative nonlocal response to the off-the-mass-shell fluctuations the Lifshitz theory is brought into agreement with the requirements of thermodynamics. According to our results, the Casimir entropy calculated using the nonlocal response functions, which take into account dissipation of conduction electrons, remains positive and monotonously goes to zero with vanishing temperature, i.e., satisfies the Nernst heat theorem. This is true for both plates with perfect crystal lattices and for lattices with defects of structure. The obtained results are discussed in the context of the Casimir puzzle.
description: 11 pages; several typos are corrected
Doping-induced topological transition and enhancement of thermopower in the Dirac-semimetal system Cd$_{3-x}$Zn$_x$As$_2$
Creators: name: Fujioka, J.
name: Kriener, M.
name: Hashizume, D.
name: Yamasaki, Y.
name: Taguchi, Y.
name: Tokura, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cd$_3$As$_2$ is one of the prototypical topological Dirac semimetals. Here, we manipulate the band inversion responsible for the emergence of Dirac nodes by alloying Cd$_3$As$_2$ with topologically trivial Zn$_3$As$_2$. We observe the expected topological phase transition around a Zn concentration of $x\sim 1$ while the carrier density monotonically decreases as $x$ is increased. For larger $x$, the thermoelectric figure of merit exhibits comparably large values exceeding 0.3 at room temperature, due to the combined effects of a strong enhancement of the thermopower, an only moderate increase of the resistivity, and a suppression of the thermal conductivity. Complementary quantum-oscillation data and optical-conductivity measurements allow to infer that the enhanced thermoelectric performance is due to a flattening of the band structure in the higher-$x$ region in Cd$_{3-x}$Zn$_x$As$_2$.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
TIZIMLI SKLERODERMIYA
Creators: name: Muxitdinova, Gulshan
name: Kenjaeva, Dilobar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Mazkur maqolada tizimli skleroderma kasalligi etiologiyasi, epidemiologiyasi va kasallikning differensial diagnostikasi hamda, prognozi haqida sharhlar keltirilgan. Tizimli skleroz yoki skleroderma - noma'lum va murakkab patogenezi bo'lgan kam uchraydigan biriktiruvchi to'qima kasalligi. Sklerodermani ikkita asosiy shaklga bo'lish mumkin - mahalliylashtirilgan skleroderma (shu jumladan morfea, chiziqli skleroderma va skleroderma en coup de sabre) va tizimli skleroz. Tizimli sklerozni klinik va serologik mezonlarga ko‘ra cheklangan tizimli skleroz (ilgari CREST sindromi deb atalgan, kalsinoz, Reyno fenomeni, qizilo‘ngach dismotiliyasi, sklerodaktiliya va telangiektaziya bilan tavsiflanadi) yoki diffuz tizimli skleroz sifatida tasniflash mumkin. Mahalliylashtirilgan skleroderma birinchi navbatda teri va teri osti to'qimalariga ta'sir qiladi, tizimli skleroz esa tizimli ko'rinishlar va ichki organlarning ishtiroki bilan bog'liq bo'lib, o'limning oshishiga olib keladi. Sklerodermaning namoyon bo'lishi boshqa revmatologik yoki immunologik kasalliklar bilan juda mos kelishi mumkin.
The curvature perturbation in a box
Creators: name: Lyth, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stochastic properties of cosmological perturbations are best defined through the Fourier expansion in a finite box. I discuss the reasons for that with reference the curvature perturbation, and explore some issues arising from it.
description: as published
Exploring Experiences of Disabled Students Accessing Higher Education in China
Creators: name: Gould, Yanling Li
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: This dissertation research study aims to explore disabled students' personal experiences in accessing higher education in China. The guiding theoretical framework for this research is the Social Model of Disability, which argues that that it is not physical or intellectual impairments that disable people with challenges, but environmental barriers and social attitudes.
In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine research participants about their personal experiences in the college application and admission processes. The constructivist ground theory was used for data analysis, interpretation of meanings, and deriving major themes from the qualitative interview data.
The findings of this dissertation research study reveal some major barriers to disabled students attempting to access higher education in China. The major barriers are categorized into three major groups: 1) policy barriers, as reflected in the mandatory physical examination requirements; 2) attitudinal barriers, as reflected in the comments and responses of some admission officers; and 3) environmental barriers as reflected in the lack of accessibility and reasonable accommodations.
Despite these formidable barriers, the research also demonstrates the tremendous support that disabled students received during their academic pursuits in higher education. This includes support from their families, teachers and friends, high-ranking officials, and even strangers. The most striking findings are disabled students' awareness of the unfair treatment and the social discrimination against them, and their insights on locating and identifying the barriers as social discrimination rather than their physical limitations. Students demand equal treatment, equal rights, and their place in society. The key highlights are that building communities of support is an essential starting point to break down systematic, institutionalized, attitudinal, and cultural barriers that people with disabilities face in China.
Anomalous beam transport through Gabor (plasma) lens prototype
Creators: name: Nonnenmacher, T.
name: Dascalu, T. S.
name: Bingham, R.
name: Cheung, C. L.
name: Lau, H. T.
name: Long, K. R.
name: Pozimski, J.
name: Whyte, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electron plasma lens is a cost-effective, compact, strong-focusing element that can ensure efficient capture of low-energy proton and ion beams from laser-driven sources. A Gabor lens prototype was built for high electron density operation at Imperial College London. The parameters of the stable operation regime of the lens and its performance during a beam test with 1.4 MeV protons are reported here. Narrow pencil beams were imaged on a scintillator screen 67 cm downstream of the lens. The lens converted the pencil beams into rings that show position-dependent shape and intensity modulation that are dependent on the settings of the lens. Characterisation of the focusing effect suggests that the plasma column exhibited an off-axis rotation similar to the $m=1$ diocotron instability. The association of the instability with the cause of the rings was investigated using particle tracking simulations.
description: 22 pages, 17 figures, preprint submitted to Applied Sciences
title: Konzeptvergleich Kurvenlegerfahrzeuge
Creators: name: Galla, Patrick
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Schmalspurfahrzeuge als kompaktes Mittel zur Beförderung von Personen oder Gütern auf der Straße neigen insbesondere bei schneller Kurvenfahrt zum Umkippen. Sowohl Tüftler und Kleinserienhersteller als auch einige Großkonzerne der Automobilindustrie haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten immer wieder versucht, ein Fahrzeug mit geringer Verkehrsfläche zu konstruieren, welches dennoch die erforderliche Kurvenstabilität aufweist. Durch den Einsatz der Neigetechnik bei Straßenfahrzeugen entstand die Fahrzeugklasse der Kurvenleger.

Im Rahmen dieses Berichtes werden die Grundlagen der Neigetechnik in Kurvenlegern erläutert und die verschiedenen Ansätze und Technologien zur Umsetzung bei unterschiedlichen Beispielfahrzeugen beleuchtet.
Geometry of orientifold vacua and supersymmetry breaking
Creators: name: Coudarchet, Thibaut
name: Dudas, Emilian
name: Partouche, Hervé
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a peculiar orientifold projection proposed long ago by Angelantonj and Cardella, we elaborate on a novel perturbative scenario that involves only D-branes, together with the two types of orientifold planes ${\rm O}_{\pm}$ and anti-orientifold planes $\overline{\rm O}_{\pm}$. We elucidate the microscopic ingredients of such models, connecting them to a novel realization of brane supersymmetry breaking. Depending on the position of the D-branes in the internal space, supersymmetry can be broken at the string scale on branes, or alternatively only at the massive level. The main novelty of this construction is that it features no NS-NS disk tadpoles, while avoiding open-string instabilities. The one-loop potential, which depends on the positions of the D-branes, is minimized for maximally broken, nonlinearly realized supersymmetry. The orientifold projection and the effective field theory description reveal a soft breaking of supersymmetry in the closed-string sector. In such models it is possible to decouple the gravitino mass from the value of the scalar potential, while avoiding brane instabilities.
description: 1+37 pages, 2 figures. References added
Accurate Measurement of the Gap of Graphene/hBN Moiré Superlattice through Photocurrent Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Han, Tianyi
name: Yang, Jixiang
name: Zhang, Qihang
name: Wang, Lei
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: McEuen, Paul L.
name: Ju, Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayer graphene aligned with hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) develops a gap at the charge neutrality point (CNP). This gap has previously been extensively studied by electrical transport through thermal activation measurements. Here, we report the determination of the gap size at the CNP of graphene/hBN superlattice through photocurrent spectroscopy study. We demonstrate two distinct measurement approaches to extract the gap size. A maximum of ~ 14 meV gap is observed for devices with a twist angle of less than 1 degree. This value is significantly smaller than that obtained from thermal activation measurements, yet larger than the theoretically predicted single-particle gap. Our results suggest that lattice relaxation and moderate electron-electron interaction effects may enhance the CNP gap in hBN/graphene superlattice.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Chiral gravitational effect in time-dependent backgrounds
Creators: name: Kamada, Kohei
name: Kume, Jun'ya
name: Yamada, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational counterpart of the chiral magnetic effect, which is referred as the chiral gravitational effect, can also be of interest in a cosmological setup. In this study, we investigate this effect in the time-dependent chiral asymmetric fermion background and in the expanding spacetime by formulating the effective action of gravitational waves. We also analyze the anomaly equation to see how the backreaction from gravitational waves to thermal chiral plasma occurs. We find that the non-trivial time dependence of chiral chemical potential, which can be induced in some scenarios of baryogenesis, is the key ingredient of the chiral gravitational effect. It turns out that the "memory" of the effect is imprinted on the high frequency gravitational waves propagating in the plasma. Cosmological implications and potential effects on the gravitational wave observation are briefly discussed.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures; v3: references are added
Preferential concentration by mechanically-driven turbulence in the two-fluid formalism
Creators: name: Nasab, Sara
name: Garaud, Pascale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Preferential concentration is thought to play a key role in promoting particle growth, which is crucial to processes such as warm rain formation in clouds, planet formation, and industrial sprays. In this work, we investigate preferential concentration using 3D Direct Numerical Simulations adopting the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid approach, where the particles are treated as a continuum field with its own momentum and mass conservation laws. We consider particles with Stokes number $St \lesssim O(0.01)$ in moderately turbulent flows with fluid Reynolds number $Re \leq 600$. In our previous work (Nasab & Garaud, Physical Review Fluids. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.114308, 2020), we established scaling laws to predict maximum and typical particle concentration enhancements in the context of the particle-driven convective instability. Here we verify that the same results apply when turbulence is externally driven, extending the relevance of our model to a wider class of particle-laden flows. We find in particular that (i) the maximum particle concentration enhancement above the mean scales as $u_{rms}^2 τ_p / κ_p$, where $u_{rms}$ is the rms fluid velocity, $τ_p$ is the particle stopping time, and $κ_p$ is the assumed particle diffusivity from the two-fluid equations; (ii) the typical particle concentration enhancement over the mean scales as $(u_{rms}^2 τ_p / κ_p)^{1/2}$; and (iii) the probability distribution function of the particle concentration enhancement over the mean has an exponential tail whose slope scales like $(u_{rms}^2 τ_p /κ_p)^{-1/2}$. We conclude by discussing the caveats of our model and its implications in a relevant cloud application.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures
Post-Newtonian Gravitational and Scalar Waves in Scalar-Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
Creators: name: Shiralilou, Banafsheh
name: Hinderer, Tanja
name: Nissanke, Samaya
name: Ortiz, Néstor
name: Witek, Helvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves emitted by black hole binary inspiral and mergers enable unprecedented strong-field tests of gravity, requiring accurate theoretical modelling of the expected signals in extensions of General Relativity. In this paper we model the gravitational wave emission of inspiraling binaries in scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity theories. Going beyond the weak-coupling approximation, we derive the gravitational waveform to first post-Newtonian order beyond the quadrupole approximation and calculate new contributions from nonlinear curvature terms. We quantify the effect of these terms and provide ready-to-implement gravitational wave and scalar waveforms as well as the Fourier domain phase for quasi-circular binaries. We also perform a parameter space study, which indicates that the values of black hole scalar charges play a crucial role in the detectability of deviation from General Relativity. We also compare the scalar waveforms to numerical relativity simulations to assess the impact of the relativistic corrections to the scalar radiation. Our results provide important foundations for future precision tests of gravity.
description: 45 pages, 5 figures, comments welcome
Barred spiral galaxies in modified gravity theories
Creators: name: Roshan, Mahmood
name: Banik, Indranil
name: Ghafourian, Neda
name: Thies, Ingo
name: Famaey, Benoit
name: Asencio, Elena
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When bars form within galaxy formation simulations in the standard cosmological context, dynamical friction with dark matter (DM) causes them to rotate rather slowly. However, almost all observed galactic bars are fast in terms of the ratio between corotation radius and bar length. Here, we explicitly display an $8σ$ tension between the observed distribution of this ratio and that in the EAGLE simulation at redshift 0. We also compare the evolution of Newtonian galactic discs embedded in DM haloes to their evolution in three extended gravity theories: Milgromian Dynamics (MOND), a model of non-local gravity, and a scalar-tensor-vector gravity theory (MOG). Although our models start with the same initial baryonic distribution and rotation curve, the long-term evolution is different. The bar instability happens more violently in MOND compared to the other models. There are some common features between the extended gravity models, in particular the negligible role played by dynamical friction $-$ which plays a key role in the DM model. Partly for this reason, all extended gravity models predict weaker bars and faster bar pattern speeds compared to the DM case. Although the absence of strong bars in our idealized, isolated extended gravity simulations is in tension with observations, they reproduce the strong observational preference for `fast' bar pattern speeds, which we could not do with DM. We confirm previous findings that apparently `ultrafast' bars can be due to bar-spiral arm alignment leading to an overestimated bar length, especially in extended gravity scenarios where the bar is already fast.
description: 30 pages, 28 figures, v2: minor adjustments to the source file; Accepted for publication in MNRAS