cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Blind Image Deblurring with Unknown Kernel Size and Substantial Noise
Creators: name: Zhuang, Zhong
name: Li, Taihui
name: Wang, Hengkang
name: Sun, Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blind image deblurring (BID) has been extensively studied in computer vision and adjacent fields. Modern methods for BID can be grouped into two categories: single-instance methods that deal with individual instances using statistical inference and numerical optimization, and data-driven methods that train deep-learning models to deblur future instances directly. Data-driven methods can be free from the difficulty in deriving accurate blur models, but are fundamentally limited by the diversity and quality of the training data -- collecting sufficiently expressive and realistic training data is a standing challenge. In this paper, we focus on single-instance methods that remain competitive and indispensable. However, most such methods do not prescribe how to deal with unknown kernel size and substantial noise, precluding practical deployment. Indeed, we show that several state-of-the-art (SOTA) single-instance methods are unstable when the kernel size is overspecified, and/or the noise level is high. On the positive side, we propose a practical BID method that is stable against both, the first of its kind. Our method builds on the recent ideas of solving inverse problems by integrating the physical models and structured deep neural networks, without extra training data. We introduce several crucial modifications to achieve the desired stability. Extensive empirical tests on standard synthetic datasets, as well as real-world NTIRE2020 and RealBlur datasets, show the superior effectiveness and practicality of our BID method compared to SOTA single-instance as well as data-driven methods. The code of our method is available at: \url{https://github.com/sun-umn/Blind-Image-Deblurring}.
A black widow population dissection through HiPERCAM multi-band light curve modelling
Creators: name: Sánchez, D. Mata
name: Kennedy, M. R.
name: Clark, C. J.
name: Breton, R. P.
name: Dhillon, V. S.
name: Voisin, G.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Littlefair, S.
name: Marsh, T. R.
name: Stringer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black widows are extreme millisecond pulsar binaries where the pulsar wind ablates their low-mass companion stars. Their optical light curves vary periodically due to the high irradiation and tidal distortion of the companion, which allows us to infer the binary parameters. We present simultaneous multi-band observations obtained with the HIPERCAM instrument at the 10.4-m GTC telescope for six of these systems. The combination of this five-band fast photometer with the world's largest optical telescope enables us to inspect the light curve range near minima. We present the first light curve for PSR J1641+8049, as well as attain a significant increase in signal-to-noise and cadence compared with previous publications for the remaining 5 targets: PSR J0023+0923, PSR J0251+2606, PSR J0636+5129, PSR J0952-0607 and PSR J1544+4937. We report on the results of the light curve modelling with the Icarus code for all six systems, which reveals some of the hottest and densest companion stars known. We compare the parameters derived with the limited but steadily growing black widow population for which optical modelling is available. We find some expected correlations, such as that between the companion star mean density and the orbital period of the system, but also a puzzling positive correlation between the orbital inclination and the irradiation temperature of the companion. We propose such a correlation would arise if pulsars with magnetic axis orthogonal to their spin axis are capable of irradiating their companions to a higher degree.
description: 18 pages (+12 pages for appendix), 12 figures (+13 in the appendix), 3 tables (1 in the appendix). Accepted for publication in MNRAS on 2023 January 17th
Fifth-order susceptibility unveils growth of thermodynamic amorphous order in glass-formers
Creators: name: Albert, S.
name: Bauer, Th.
name: Michl, M.
name: Biroli, G.
name: Bouchaud, J. -P.
name: Loidl, A.
name: Lunkenheimer, P.
name: Tourbot, R.
name: Wiertel-Gasquet, C.
name: Ladieu, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glasses are ubiquitous in daily life and technology. However the microscopic mechanisms generating this state of matter remain subject to debate: Glasses are considered either as merely hyper-viscous liquids or as resulting from a genuine thermodynamic phase transition towards a rigid state. We show that third- and fifth-order susceptibilities provide a definite answer to this longstanding controversy. Performing the corresponding high-precision nonlinear dielectric experiments for supercooled glycerol and propylene carbonate, we find strong support for theories based upon thermodynamic amorphous order. Moreover, when lowering temperature, we find that the growing transient domains are compact - that is their fractal dimension d_f = 3. The glass transition may thus represent a class of critical phenomena different from canonical second-order phase transitions for which d_f < 3.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Multi-modal spectroscopy of order parameter distributions
Creators: name: Carr, Stephen
name: Nikolov, Ilija K.
name: Cong, Rong
name: Del Maestro, Adrian
name: Ramanathan, Chandrasekhar
name: Mitrović, V. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multi-modal spectroscopic paradigm that enables independent measurement of charge and spin degrees of freedom (DOF) in strongly correlated materials. This spin-based technique probes symmetry-specific Hamiltonian parameters by analyzing how the time delay between applied pulses ($τ$) affects the response. We demonstrate ways in which charge DOF that couple through the quadrupolar interaction (inversion symmetric) can be independently measured even in the presence of large magnetic noise (inversion asymmetric). The method quantifies both the strength of the interactions and its distribution (noise). We provide protocols to directly and independently measure the distribution of interaction strengths, even when the average value of the interaction is zero. By independently measuring distributions of different forms of disorder, this methodology can elucidate which microscopic symmetry drives a phase transition. We discuss potential applications to study complex phase transitions in strongly interacting quantum materials.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Analysis of Westpac's lending strategy to the residential mortgage market
Creators: name: Friend, P. J.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Pion PDFs confronted by Fixed-Target Charmonium Production
Creators: name: Chang, Wen-Chen
name: Hsieh, Chia-Yu
name: Lian, Yu-Shiang
name: Peng, Jen-Chieh
name: Platchkov, Stephane
name: Sawada, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pion, as the Goldstone boson of the strong interaction, is the lightest QCD bound state and responsible for the long-range nucleon-nucleon interaction inside the nucleus. Our knowledge on the pion partonic structure is limited by the existing Drell-Yan data which are primarily sensitive to the pion valence-quark distributions. The recent progress of global analysis of pion's parton distribution functions (PDFs) utilizing various experimental approaches are introduced. From comparisons between the pion-induced $J/ψ$ and $ψ(2S)$ production data with theoretical calculations using the CEM and NRQCD models, we show how these charmonium production data could provide useful constraints on the pion PDFs.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures; invited review. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2006.06947, arXiv:2209.04072
Evolution of orbital excitations from insulating to superconducting MgTi$_2$O$_4$ films
Creators: name: Li, Qizhi
name: Nag, Abhishek
name: Zheng, Xiquan
name: Chen, Fucong
name: Yuan, Jie
name: Jin, Kui
name: Lu, Yi
name: Zhou, Ke-Jin
name: Peng, Yingying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spinel oxides are well-known functional materials but rarely show superconductivity. Recently, emergent superconductivity was discovered in MgTi$_2$O$_4$, which is attributed to the increase of electron doping and the suppression of orbital order. Here, we utilized Ti $L$-edge resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to study the orbital excitations in superconducting (SC) and insulating MgTi$_2$O$_4$ films. We find that the spectral weight of orbital excitations is enhanced and the energy of $t_{2g}$ intra-band excitation is softened in the SC film compared to the insulating one, suggesting higher electron doping and suppressed orbital order gap in the SC sample. These observations were further supported by our multiplet calculations using minimal two-site model. Our results provide spectroscopic evidence for the competition between orbital order and superconductivity in MgTi$_2$O$_4$ and shed light on searching for novel superconductors in spinel oxides.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
SPIM-Flow, an integrated light-sheet and microfluidics platform for hydrodynamic studies of Hydra
Creators: name: Hedde, Per Niklas
name: Gomez, Erika L.
name: Duong, Leora
name: Steele, Robert E.
name: Ahrar, Siavash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM), or light sheet, is a powerful three-dimensional imaging approach. However, access to and interfacing microscopes with microfluidics have remained challenging. Complex interfacing with microfluidics has limited the SPIM's utility in studying the hydrodynamics of freely moving multicellular organisms. We developed SPIM-Flow, an inexpensive light sheet platform that enables easy integration with microfluidics. We used SPIM-Flow to study the hydrodynamics of freely moving Hydra polyps in millimeter-sized chambers (4 mm wide, 1.5 mm height). Our initial experiments across multiple animals, feeding on a chip (Artemia franciscana nauplius used as food), and baseline behaviors (eg., tentacle swaying, elongation, and bending) indicated animals' health inside the system. SPIM enabled easy imaging of the freely moving animal and tracer beads (for fluid visualizations) inside the larger chambers. Next, using the chambers, we investigated Hydra's response to flow. Results suggest that animals responded to established flow by bending and swaying their tentacles in the flow direction. Finally, we used a previously described video analysis software (FlowTrace) to visualize path lines generated by (e.g., vortex generated) and around (e.g., due to flow) Hydra. These results demonstrated the SPIM-Flow's utility to study the hydrodynamics of freely moving animals.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 5 supplementary figures, 5 supplementary videos
High-precision tomography of ion qubits based on registration of fluorescent photons
Creators: name: Bogdanov, Yu. I.
name: Dmitriev, I. A.
name: Bantysh, B. I.
name: Bogdanova, N. A.
name: Lukichev, V. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new method for high-precision tomography of ion qubit registers under conditions of limited distinguishability of its logical states. It is not always possible to achieve low error rates during the readout of the quantum states of ion qubits due to the finite lifetime of excited levels, photon scattering, dark noise, low numerical aperture, etc. However, the model of fuzzy quantum measurements makes it possible to ensure precise tomography of quantum states. To do this, we developed a fuzzy measurement model based on counting the number of fluorescent photons. A statistically adequate algorithm for the reconstruction of quantum states of ion qubit registers based on fuzzy measurement operators is proposed. The algorithm uses the complete information available in the experiment and makes it possible to account for systematic measurement errors associated with the limited distinguishability of the logical states of ion qubits. We show that the developed model, although computationally more complex, contains significantly more information about the state of the qubit and provides a higher accuracy of state reconstruction compared to the model based on the threshold algorithm.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
X, Y and Z States
Creators: name: Nielsen, M.
name: Albuquerque, R. M.
name: Dias, J. M.
name: Khemchandani, K. P.
name: Torres, A. Martinez
name: Navarra, F. S.
name: Zanetti, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many new states in the charmonium mass region were recently discovered by BaBar, Belle, CLEO-c, CDF, D0, BESIII, LHCb and CMS Collaborations. We use the QCD Sum Rule approach to study the possible structure of some of these states.
description: Contribution for the proceedings of the "XII Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum - CONF12" conference
A characterization of atomicity
Creators: name: Tringali, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In [Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 64 (1968), 251-264], P.M. Cohn famously claimed that a commutative domain is atomic if and only if it satisfies the ascending chain condition on principal ideals (ACCP). Some years later, a counterexample was provided by A. Grams in [Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 75 (1974), 321-329]: Every commutative domain with the ACCP is atomic, but not vice versa. This has led to the question of finding a sensible (ideal-theoretic) characterization of atomicity. The question (explicitly stated on p. 3 of A. Geroldinger and F. Halter-Koch's 2006 monograph on factorization) is still open. We settle it using the language of monoids and preorders.
description: 7 pp., no figures. Shortened the title, fixed a detail in Remark 2.2(2), and added Examples 2.7. Final version to appear in Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc
A new B-L model without right-handed neutrinos
Creators: name: Patra, Sudhanwa
name: Rodejohann, Werner
name: Yaguna, Carlos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and study a novel extension of the Standard Model based on the B-L gauge symmetry that can account for dark matter and neutrino masses. In this model, right-handed neutrinos are absent and the gauge anomalies are canceled instead by four chiral fermions with fractional B-L charges. After the breaking of $U(1)_{B-L}$, these fermions arrange themselves into two Dirac particles, the lightest of which is automatically stable and plays the role of the dark matter. We determine the regions of the parameter space consistent with the observed dark matter density and show that they can be partially probed via direct and indirect dark matter detection or collider searches at the LHC. Neutrino masses, on the other hand, can be explained by a variant of the type-II seesaw mechanism involving one of the two scalar fields responsible for the dark matter mass.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures
Galactic Cosmic Rays and Solar Energetic Particles in Cis-Lunar Space: Need for contextual energetic particle measurements at Earth and supporting distributed observations
Creators: name: Corti, Claudio
name: Whitman, Kathryn
name: Desai, Ravindra
name: Rankin, Jamie
name: Strauss, Du Toit
name: Nitta, Nariaki
name: Turner, Drew
name: Chen, Thomas Y
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The particle and radiation environment in cis-lunar space is becoming increasingly important as more hardware and human assets occupy various orbits around the Earth and space exploration efforts turn to the Moon and beyond. Since 2020, the total number of satellites in orbit has approximately doubled, highlighting the growing dependence on space-based resources. Through NASA's upcoming Artemis missions, humans will spend more time in cis-lunar space than ever before supported by the expansive infrastructure required for extended missions to the Moon, including a surface habitat, a communications network, and the Lunar Gateway. This paper focuses on galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and solar energetic particles (SEPs) that create a dynamic and varying radiation environment within these regions. GCRs are particles of hundreds of MeV/nucleon (MeV/n) and above generated in highly energetic astrophysical environments in the Milky Way Galaxy, such as supernovae and pulsars, and beyond. These particles impinge isotropically on the heliosphere and are filtered down to 1 AU, experiencing modulation in energy and intensity on multiple timescales, from hours to decades, due to the solar magnetic cycle and other transient phenomena. SEPs are particles with energies up to thousands of MeV/n that are accelerated in eruptive events on the Sun and flood the inner heliosphere causing sudden and drastic increases in the particle environment on timescales of minutes to days. This paper highlights a current and prospective future gap in energetic particle measurements in the hundreds of MeV/n. We recommend key observations near Earth to act as a baseline as well as distributed measurements in the heliosphere, magnetosphere, and lunar surface to improve the scientific understanding of these particle populations and sources.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. White Paper submitted to Decadal Survey for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) 2024-2033
Transient birefringence of liquids induced by terahertz electric-field torque on permanent molecular dipoles
Creators: name: Sajadi, Mohsen
name: Wolf, Martin
name: Kampfrath, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscopic understanding of low-frequency molecular motions in liquids has been a longstanding goal in soft-matter science. So far, such low-frequency motions have mostly been accessed indirectly by off-resonant optical pulses. A more direct approach would be to interrogate the dynamic structure of liquids with terahertz (THz) radiation. Here, we provide evidence that resonant excitation with intense THz pulses is capable of driving reorientational-librational modes of aprotic polar liquids through coupling to the permanent molecular dipole moments. We observe a hallmark of this enhanced coupling: a transient optical birefringence up to an order of magnitude higher than obtained with optical excitation. Our results open up the path to applications such as efficient molecular alignment and systematic study of the coupling of rotational motion to other collective motions in liquids.
FAIRDOM: supporting FAIR data and model management
Creators: name: Wittig, Ulrike
name: Owen, Stuart
name: Krebs, Olga
name: Golebiewski, Martin
name: Rey, Maja
name: Williams, Alan
name: Bacall, Finn
name: Xiaoming Hu
name: Pöhner, Ina
name: Munazah Andrabi
name: Snoep, Jacky
name: Ghavidel, Fatemeh Zamanzad
name: Kleppe, Rune
name: Petersen, Kjell
name: Kidane Tekle
name: Vik, Jon Olav
name: Jonassen, Inge
name: Millar, Andrew
name: D'Anna, Flora
name: Kiani, Vahid
name: Goksøyr, Anders
name: Wolstencroft, Katy
name: Coppens, Frederik
name: Goble, Carole
name: Müller, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2020

description: FAIRDOM (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable Data, Operating procedures and Models) is an initiative to establish sustained data, model and process management service to the European Systems Biology community (https://fair-dom.org/). With the free SEEK (https://seek4science.org/) data management software FAIRDOM offers a data management platform for interdisciplinary projects to support the storage and exchange of data and models from research partners based on the FAIR principles. SEEK can be installed, run and further developed as its own instance, and over 50 organisations have done that including many in ELIXIR Nodes. It is also the platform used for the web-accessible public Commons platform FAIRDOMHub (https://fairdomhub.org/), offering public information and password protected user collaboration spaces. The Hub is a managed service hosted at HITS (ELIXIR-DE) and currently supports 185 projects.
"Let him know he’s your hero:” The Sexualisation of Marriage in Marabel Morgan’s The Total Woman (1973)"
Creators: name: Winn, Anna
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022

description: This thesis argues that Marabel Morgan’s The Total Woman is a significant cultural artifact, representative of a shift toward a more liberal sexual ethic within Christian marriage. The purpose of centring this study on Morgan’s work is two-fold. Firstly, focusing on a singular text lends itself to closer analysis, allowing for a fuller understanding of Morgan’s advice, the change it inspired and the cultural significance of The Total Woman. Secondly, by employing Morgan’s work as a cultural lens, larger movements of the period and The Total Woman’s place within them can be considered. In taking this approach, a longer time period is covered, from the 1950s self-help works that preceded Morgan’s, to the rise of the New Christian Right in the 1970s and 1980s. From this, Morgan’s advice as representative of broader cultural changes is considered. In taking this approach, it is revealed that by commanding wives to engage in playful sex within marriage, Morgan sparked a shift in the self-help genre, with other born-again women following her example by publishing sex and marriage guides. Yet, this phenomenon was underpinned by a commitment to traditional values, with sexual experimentation encouraged to preserve the marital institution from extramarital affairs in light of the sexual revolution of the 1960s. Beyond this, Morgan’s adherence to strict gender roles and ‘family values’ provides an early example of principles that would come to define the New Christian Right. Overall, this study provides a more complex narrative of evangelical self-help literature, sex roles and conservatism, with The Total Woman at the heart of this new understanding.
Ramsey numbers with prescribed rate of growth
Creators: name: Pavez-Signé, Matías
name: Piga, Simón
name: Sanhueza-Matamala, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $R(G)$ be the two-colour Ramsey number of a graph $G$. In this note, we prove that for any non-decreasing function $n \leq f(n) \leq R(K_n)$, there exists a sequence of connected graphs $(G_n)_{n\in\mathbb N}$, with $|V(G_n)| = n$ for all $n \geq 1$, such that $R(G_n) = Θ(f(n))$. In contrast, we also show that an analogous statement does not hold for hypergraphs of uniformity at least $5$. We also use our techniques to answer a question posed by DeBiasio about the existence of sequences of graphs whose $2$-colour Ramsey number is linear whereas their $3$-colour Ramsey number has superlinear growth.
description: Accepted to The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics
Review, Meta-Taxonomy, and Use Cases of Cyberattack Taxonomies of Manufacturing Cybersecurity Threat Attributes and Countermeasures
Creators: name: Rahman, Md Habibor
name: Wuest, Thorsten
name: Shafae, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A thorough and systematic understanding of different elements of cyberattacks is essential for developing the necessary tools to prevent, detect, diagnose, and mitigate cyberattacks in manufacturing systems. In response, researchers have proposed several attack taxonomies as methods for recognizing and categorizing various cyberattack attributes. However, those taxonomies cover selected attack attributes depending on the research focus, sometimes accompanied by inconsistent naming and definitions. These seemingly different taxonomies often overlap and can complement each other to create a comprehensive knowledge base of cyberattack attributes that is currently missing in the literature. Additionally, there is a missing link from creating structured knowledge by using a taxonomy to applying this structure for cybersecurity tools development and aiding practitioners in using it. To tackle these challenges, this article highlights how cyberattack taxonomies can be used to better understand and characterize manufacturing cybersecurity threats. It also reviews and analyzes current taxonomical classifications of manufacturing cybersecurity threat attributes and countermeasures, as well as the proliferation of the scope and coverage in existing taxonomies. As a result, these taxonomies are compiled into a more comprehensive and consistent meta-taxonomy for the smart manufacturing space. The resulting meta-taxonomy provides a holistic analysis of current taxonomies and integrates them into a unified structure. Based on this structure, this paper identifies gaps in current attack taxonomies and provides directions for future improvements. Finally, the paper introduces potential use cases for attack taxonomies in smart manufacturing systems for assessing security threats and their associated risks, devising risk mitigation strategies, and informing the application of cybersecurity frameworks.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Golfing opportunity in Melbourne : a case for a course
Creators: name: Pradolin, Robert G.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Role of the plurality rule in multiple choices
Creators: name: Calvão, Angelo M.
name: Ramos, Marlon
name: Anteneodo, Celia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: People are often challenged to select one among several alternatives. This situation is present not only in decisions about complex issues, e.g., political or academic choices, but also about trivial ones, as in daily purchases at a supermarket. We tackle this scenario by means of the tools of statistical mechanics. Following this approach, we introduce and analyze a model of opinion dynamics, using a Potts-like state variable to represent the multiple choices, including the ``undecided state'', that represents the individuals that do not make a choice. We investigate the dynamics over Erdös-Rényi and Barabási-Albert networks, two paradigmatic classes with the small-world property, and we show the impact of the type of network on the opinion dynamics. Depending on the number of available options $q$ and on the degree distribution of the network of contacts, different final steady states are accessible: from a wide distribution of choices to a state where a given option largely dominates. The abrupt transition between them is consistent with the sudden viral dominance of a given option over many similar ones. Moreover, the probability distributions produced by the model are validated by real data. Finally, we show that the model also contemplates the real situation of overchoice, where a large number of similar alternatives makes the choice process harder and indecision prevail.
description: This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article accepted for publication/published in Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it. The Version of Record is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2016/02/023405
Rotating shallow water equations with bottom drag: bifurcations and growth due to kinetic energy backscatter
Creators: name: Prugger, Artur
name: Rademacher, Jens D. M.
name: Yang, Jichen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The rotating shallow water equations with f-plane approximation and nonlinear bottom drag are a prototypical model for mid-latitude geophysical flow that experience energy loss through simple topography. Motivated by numerical schemes for large-scale geophysical flow, we consider this model on the whole space with horizontal kinetic energy backscatter source terms built from negative viscosity and stabilizing hyperviscosity with constant parameters. We study its interplay with linear and non-smooth quadratic bottom drag through the existence of coherent flows. Our results highlight that backscatter can have undesired amplification and selection effects, generating obstacles to energy distribution. We find that decreasing linear bottom drag destabilizes the trivial flow and generates nonlinear flows that can be associated with geostrophic equilibria (GE) and inertia-gravity waves (IGWs). The IGWs are periodic travelling waves, while the GE are stationary and can be studied by a plane wave reduction. We show that for isotropic backscatter both bifurcate simultaneously and supercritically, while for anisotropic backscatter the primary bifurcation are GE. In all cases presence of non-smooth quadratic bottom drag implies unusual scaling laws. For the rigorous bifurcation analysis by Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction care has to be taken due to this lack of smoothness and since the hyperviscous terms yield a lack of spectral gap at large wave numbers. For purely smooth bottom drag, we identify a class of explicit such flows that behave linearly within the nonlinear equations: amplitudes can be steady and arbitrary, or grow exponentially and unboundedly. We illustrate the results by numerical computations and present extended branches in parameter space.
description: 35 pages, 8 figures
Production of $X_b$ via $Υ(5S, 6S)$ radiative decays
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao-Yun
name: Cai, Zu-Xin
name: Li, Gang
name: Liu, Shi-Dong
name: An, Chun-Sheng
name: Xie, Ju-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the production of $X_b$ in the process $Υ(5S,6S)\to γX_b$, where $X_b$ is assumed to be a $B {\bar B}^*$ molecular state. Two kinds of meson loops of $B^{(*)}{\bar B}^{(*)}$ and $B_1^{\prime}{\bar B}^{(*)}$ were considered. To explore the rescattering mechanism, we calculated the relevant branching ratios using the effective Lagrangian based on the heavy quark symmetry. The branching ratios for the $Υ(5S\,,6S) \to γX_b$ were found to be at the orders of $10^{-7} \sim 10^{-6}$. Such sizeable branching ratios might be accessible at BelleII, which would provide important clues to the inner structures of the exotic state $X_b$.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, comments are welcome
Calibrating Cluster Number Counts with CMB lensing
Creators: name: Louis, Thibaut
name: Alonso, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CMB Stage-4 experiments will reduce the uncertainties on the gravitational lensing potential by an order of magnitude compared to current measurements, and will also produce a Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) cluster catalog containing $\sim10^{5}$ objects, two orders of magnitudes higher than what is currently available. In this paper we propose to combine these two observables and show that it is possible to calibrate the masses of the full Stage-4 cluster catalog internally owing to the high signal to noise measurement of the CMB lensing convergence field. We find that a CMB Stage-4 experiment will constrain the hydrostatic bias parameter to sub-percent accuracy. We also show constraints on a non parametric $Y-M$ relationship which could be used to study its evolution with mass and redshift. Finally we present a joint likelihood for thermal SZ (tSZ) flux and mass measurements, and show that it could lead to a $\sim5σ$ detection of the lower limit on the sum of the neutrino masses in the normal hierarchy ($\sum m_ν=60 \textrm{meV}$) once combined with measurements of the primordial CMB and CMB lensing power spectra.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Didattica museale e sistemi educativi negli anni Cinquanta in Italia
Creators: name: PAOLA, POGLIANI
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: museums, education, school, experience

description: POGLIANI P. (2019). Didattica museale e sistemi educativi negli anni Cinquanta in Italia. DAIDALOS, vol. 18, p. 27-34 ISSN: 1721-6761 In the second post-war period the need to reconstruct the face of Italian cities and the monuments damaged by
 bombing were the driving factors for a reflection on the museum system within which the relationship between school
 and museum plays an important role. In the wake of the international debate promoted by UNESCO, the changing
 priorities of the museum in favor of its social function compared to the conservative one are taking shape so that the
 museum was recognized as a space to attend to increase individual skills. Italy opens the international debate with the
 organization of the Museology Conference of Perugia in 1955 to which the experiences and reflections of Italian museums
 are presented, in particular by Lionello Venturi, Fernanda Wittgens and Pietro Romanelli. The decisive role of art
 in school education emerges and also the methodology used. This includes temporary exhibitions, stable educational
 sections in the museums and educational visits for the school according to a model that finds many points in common
 with the experiences conducted by American museums and the educational tools promoted by John Dewey.
Observation of room-temperature spontaneous superradiance from single diamond nanocrystals
Creators: name: Bradac, Carlo
name: Johnsson, Mattias
name: van Breugel, Matthew
name: Baragiola, Ben
name: Martin, Rochelle
name: Juan, Mathieu L.
name: Brennen, Gavin
name: Volz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of room-temperature superradiance from single, highly luminescent diamond nanocrystals with spatial dimensions much smaller than the wavelength of light, and each containing a large number (~10^3) of embedded nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centres. After excitation of the nanodiamonds with an off-resonant, green laser pulse, we observe i) ultrafast radiative lifetimes down to ~ 1 ns, and ii) super-Poissonian photon bunching in the autocorrelation function of the light emitted from the fastest nanodiamonds. We explain our findings with a detailed theoretical model based on collective Dicke states and well-known properties of NV centres. Using a minimal set of fit parameters, the model captures both the wide range of different lifetimes and the nontrivial photon correlations found in the experiments. The results pave the way towards a systematic study of superradiance in a well controlled, solid-state quantum system at room temperature. Ultimately, quantum engineering of superradiance in diamond has the potential for advancing applications in quantum sensing, energy harvesting, and efficient photon detection.
description: Main text + Supplementary: 12 pages, 7 figures
POPE: Partial Order Preserving Encoding
Creators: name: Roche, Daniel S.
name: Apon, Daniel
name: Choi, Seung Geol
name: Yerukhimovich, Arkady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently there has been much interest in performing search queries over encrypted data to enable functionality while protecting sensitive data. One particularly efficient mechanism for executing such queries is order-preserving encryption/encoding (OPE) which results in ciphertexts that preserve the relative order of the underlying plaintexts thus allowing range and comparison queries to be performed directly on ciphertexts. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to range queries over encrypted data that is optimized to support insert-heavy workloads as are common in "big data" applications while still maintaining search functionality and achieving stronger security. Specifically, we propose a new primitive called partial order preserving encoding (POPE) that achieves ideal OPE security with frequency hiding and also leaves a sizable fraction of the data pairwise incomparable. Using only O(1) persistent and $O(n^ε)$ non-persistent client storage for $0
description: Appears in ACM CCS 2016 Proceedings
Validation of the Reference Impedance in Multiline Calibration with Stepped Impedance Standards
Creators: name: Hatab, Ziad
name: Gadringer, Michael Ernst
name: Alterkawi, Ahmad Bader Alothman
name: Bösch, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents a new technique for evaluating the consistency of the reference impedance in multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) calibration. During the calibration process, it is assumed that all transmission line standards have the same characteristic impedance. However, these assumptions are prone to errors due to imperfections, which can affect the validity of the reference impedance after calibration. Our proposed method involves using multiple stepped impedance lines of different lengths to extract the broadband reflection coefficient of the impedance transition. This reflection coefficient can be used to validate the reference impedance experimentally without requiring fully defined standards. We demonstrate this method using multiline TRL based on microstrip structures on a printed circuit board (PCB) with an on-wafer probing setup.
description: Github: https://github.com/ZiadHatab/verification-multiline-trl-calibration
Bounds on Universal Extra Dimension from LHC Run I and II data
Creators: name: Choudhury, Debajyoti
name: Ghosh, Kirtiman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the collider bounds on minimal Universal Extra Dimension (mUED) model from LHC Run-I and II data. The phenomenology of mUED is determined by only two parameters namely, the compactification scale ($R^{-1}$) of the extra dimension and cutoff scale ($Λ$) of the theory. The characteristic feature of mUED is the occurrence of nearly degenerate mass spectrum for the Kaluza-Klein (KK) particles and hence, soft leptons, soft jets at the collider experiments. The degree of degeneracy of KK-mass spectrum crucially depends on $Λ$. The strongest direct bound on $R^{-1}$ ($\sim $950 GeV for large $Λ$) arises from a search for a pair of soft dimuons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment with 8 TeV center-of-mass energy and $20~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity. However, for small $Λ$ and hence, small splitting within the first KK-level, the bounds from the dimuon channel is rather weak. On the other hand, the discovery of 126 GeV Higgs boson demands small $Λ$ to prevent the scalar potential form being unbounded from below. We discuss LHC monojet searches as a probe of low $Λ$ region of mUED parameter space. We also compute bounds on the mUED parameter space from 13 TeV multijets results.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Identification of late-type stars of class I
Creators: name: Messineo, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. Gaia DR3 GSP-Phot and GSP-Spec parameters of known K- and M-type stars with luminosity class I are examined and compared with parameters collected from the literature, to assess their accuracy and their potential for stellar classification of unknown intrinsically bright late-types. Gaia DR3 GSP-Phot and GSP-Spec parameters were generated by the Astrophysical Parameters Inference Software (Apsis). Methods. In the Gaia DR3 catalog, there are about 40,000 entries with Apsis parameters similar to those of known red supergiants, RSGs, good parallaxes, and infrared 2MASS and WISE data. By using parallactic distances, infrared photometry, and variability information, only 203 new entries are found with luminosities and temperatures similar to that of known RSGs and G-band amplitudes smaller than 0.5 mag. Their low-resolution BP/RP spectra are compared with an empirically made spectral library of BP/RP spectra of known bright late-type stars (C-rich, S-type, O-rich asymptotic giant branch stars (AGBs), and RSGs) to obtain their spectral types. Results. Among them, 15 S-type stars are identified by peculiar absorption features due to ZrO and LaO visible in their BP/RP spectra, one S/C star, and nine C-rich stars by their strong CN absorption bands. K- and M-types can be reproduced with an accuracy of two subtypes. 20 new RSGs are confirmed, of which six have bolometric magnitudes brighter than those of the AGB limit: 2MASS J21015501+4517205, 2MASS J16291280-4956384, 2MASS J10192621-5818105, 2MASS J20230860+3651450, 2MASS J17084131-4026595, and 2MASS J16490055-4217328. The flag for C-rich stars of the Gaia DR3 LPV pipeline is erroneously true for some RSGs and a visual inspection of the BP/RP spectra is mandatory.
description: 17 figures, 18 pages, accepted by A&A
Measurement of interest rate risk in the Commonwealth Bank of Australia
Creators: name: Morris, Llew.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Dynamical friction of a massive black hole in a turbulent gaseous medium
Creators: name: Lescaudron, Sandrine
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Beckmann, Ricarda S.
name: Volonteri, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orbital decay of massive black holes in galaxies in the aftermath of mergers is at the heart of whether massive black holes successfully pair and merge, leading to emission of low-frequency gravitational waves. The role of dynamical friction sourced from the gas distribution has been uncertain because many analytical and numerical studies have either focussed on a homogeneous medium or have not reached resolutions below the scales relevant to the problem, namely the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton radius. We performed numerical simulations of a massive black hole moving in a turbulent medium in order to study dynamical friction from turbulent gas. We find that the black hole slows down to the sound speed, rather than the turbulent speed, and that the orbital decay is well captured if the Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton radius is resolved with at least five resolution elements. We find that the larger the turbulent eddies, the larger the scatter in dynamical friction magnitude, because of the stochastic nature of the problem, and also because of the larger over- and under-densities encountered by the black hole along its trajectory. Compared to the classic solution in a homogeneous medium, the magnitude of the force depends more weakly on the Mach number, and dynamical friction is overall more efficient for high Mach numbers, but less efficient towards and at the transonic regime.
description: 14 pages, 16 figures
The impact of an employee's psychological contract breach on compliance with information security policies: intrinsic and extrinsic motivation
Creators: name: Lee, Daeun
name: Lallie, Harjinder Singh
name: Michaelides, Nadine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the rapid rise in social engineering attacks, not all employees are as compliant with information security policies (ISPs) to the extent that organisations expect them to be. ISP non-compliance is caused by a variety of psychological motivation. This study investigates the effect of psychological contract breach (PCB) of employees on ISP compliance intention (ICI) by dividing them into intrinsic and extrinsic motivation using the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the general deterrence theory (GDT). Data analysis from UK employees (\textit{n=206}) showed that the higher the PCB, the lower the ICI. The study also found that PCBs significantly reduced intrinsic motivation (attitude and perceived fairness) for ICI, whereas PCBs did not moderate the relationship between extrinsic motivation (sanction severity and sanctions certainty) and ICI. As a result, this study successfully addresses the risks of PCBs in the field of IS security and proposes effective solutions for employees with high PCBs.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures