cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
CONTEXT AND ITS RELEVANCE FOR ADAM SMITH'S THEOLOGICAL AND TELEOLOGICAL VIEWS, THE FOUNDATION OF HIS SYSTEM OF THOUGHT
Creators: name: Alvey, James E.
name: Alvey, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Political Economy

description: The paper will discuss some aspects of the context in which Smith wrote and its relevance for understanding Smith's fundamental assumptions. By fundamental assumptions, I mean Smith's views on teleology, final causes and divine design. These have been described as the "secret" foundations to Smith's writings. Teleology, final causes and divine design were initially seen as central to understanding Smith's writings. Over time, this view fell out of fashion. In the period after World War II, with the rise of positivism, commentators tended to overlook or downplay the significance of these fundamental assumptions. In the last decade, or so, teleology has started to be restored to its former position as an essential element in understanding Smith. The change in orientation in intellectual history towards historical context may have been instrumental in the revival of the theological and teleological interpretation of Smith.
ADAM SMITH'S GLOBALIZATION (BUT ANTI-SECULARIZATION) THEORY
Creators: name: Alvey, James E.
name: Alvey, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Political Economy

description: In the Western world the voices calling for a secular society have grown ever louder over the last three centuries. In addition to these normative advocates, various social scientists have propounded the "secularization thesis"; after analysing history from a purportedly positive view, they have argued that "modernization" leads to a secular society. Recently globalization has been seen as another cause of secularization. At the same time, the revival of various religions has cast doubt on these claims. In this paper we return to one of the founders of modernity for guidance. Adam Smith advocated globalization on economic and moral grounds. He did not see secularization as an inevitable consequence of globalization. Further, despite his awareness of the arguments of the advocates of secular society, he rejected their advice. For him, a secular community was neither a necessary nor a desirable consequence of globalization.
A Braking Index for the Young, High-Magnetic-Field, Rotation-Powered Pulsar in Kes 75
Creators: name: Livingstone, Margaret A.
name: Kaspi, Victoria M.
name: Gotthelf, E. V.
name: Kuiper, Lucien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first phase-coherent measurement of a braking index for the young, energetic rotation-powered pulsar PSR J1846-0258. This 324 ms pulsar is located at the center of the supernova remnant Kes 75 and has a characteristic age of tau_c = 723 years, a spin-down energy of 8.3x10^{36}erg/s, and inferred magnetic field of 4.9x10^{13} G. Two independent phase-coherent timing solutions are derived which together span 5.5 yr of data obtained with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer. In addition, a partially phase-coherent timing analysis confirms the fully phase-coherent result. The measured value of the braking index, n=2.65+/-0.01, is significantly less than 3, the value expected from magnetic dipole radiation, implying another physical process must contribute to the pulsar's rotational evolution. Assuming the braking index has been constant since birth, we place an upper limit on the spin-down age of J1846-0258 of 884 yr, the smallest age estimate of any rotation-powered pulsar.
description: Includes major changes to analysis. Updated postion used for the pulsar which significantly changed the result and conclusions of the paper. 21 pages, 6 Figures. ApJ submitted
Optical Weak Link between Two Spatially Separate Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Shin, Y.
name: Jo, G. -B.
name: Saba, M.
name: Pasquini, T. A.
name: Ketterle, W.
name: Pritchard, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two spatially separate Bose-Einstein condensates were prepared in an optical double-well potential. A bidirectional coupling between the two condensates was established by two pairs of Bragg beams which continuously outcoupled atoms in opposite directions. The atomic currents induced by the optical coupling depend on the relative phase of the two condensates and on an additional controllable coupling phase. This was observed through symmetric and antisymmetric correlations between the two outcoupled atom fluxes. A Josephson optical coupling of two condensates in a ring geometry is proposed. The continuous outcoupling method was used to monitor slow relative motions of two elongated condensates and characterize the trapping potential.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Arabs in Hollywood : Orientalism in film
Creators: name: Dajani, Najat Z. J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Early representations of Arabs and Muslims in Hollywood productions were largely drawn from the literary works of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. They, in turn, were inspired by depictions found in Elizabethan manuscripts, which took their cue from the Middle Ages. Films like The Sheik (George Melford, 1921) and The Son of the Sheik (George Fitzmaurice, 1926) present the Arab as a barbaric savage, not yet cultured by civilization. These 'desert romances' started a filmic tradition, which lasted for a number of decades. Portrayals of the desert Arabs in The Sheik also left their mark on 'historically based' films, like Lawrence of Arabia (David Lean, 1962) and Khartoum (Basil Dearden, 1966). By the late sixties, however, representations of Arabs and Muslims had changed in a drastic manner. No longer seen as romantic and erotic, Arab/Muslim portrayals in Hollywood films were influenced by the politics of the day. Islam not only posed an ideological threat to Christianity, but was also staking territorial and nationalistic claims, in the form of the Palestinians fighting for self-determination. Depictions from Hollywood followed suit, with films like Black Sunday (John Frankenheimer, 1977), opting to take Israel's side, in its fight against the Arabs. Today's world, which calls for a peaceful resolution to conflict has once again, brought upon a change in Arab/Muslim representations found in Hollywood productions. A nostalgic search for the exotic foreigner can once again be seen in films like The 13th Warrior (John McTiernan, 1999). Just as they did after the Vietnam War, American filmmakers are now reflecting upon past actions in the Gulf, through such films as Three Kings (David O. Russell, 1999). Much as Professor Edward W. Said and other post-colonialists have done, I will concentrate on singling out the negative aspects of Orientalism, with regard to the chosen films. I will trace the origins of Arab/Muslim images in Hollywood since the early days of film to the present day. Films are also analyzed and viewed through historical, political and cultural contexts to show why these images prevail, and what changes, if any, have been presented on the screen.
PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH METHODS FOR TECHNOLOGY EVALUATION: A MANUAL FOR SCIENTISTS WORKING WITH FARMERS
Creators: name: Bellon, Mauricio R.
name: Bellon, Mauricio R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This manual presents methods that enable agricultural scientist and farmers to evaluate technologies/practices jointly. The methods are specifically designed for participatory research on germplasm and soil fertility technologies, and they are illustrated with actual examples from three research projects. The manual begins by reviewing conceptual issues that are important in participatory research and presents information to assist researchers in selecting research sites and fieldwork participants. Next, the manual describes the rationale and associated methods for each major activity in farmer participatory research: diagnosing farmers' conditions, evaluating current and new technologies/practices, and assessing their impact. Goals, procedures, advantages, and limitations of each method are outlined. The manual also presents detailed information on analyzing data gathered through participatory methods, discusses differences between gathering data through participatory methods and more traditional structured farm surveys, and offers examples, based on field experience, of the choices and strategies involved in applying these methods.
Discovery of a Planetary-Mass Brown Dwarf with a Circumstellar Disk
Creators: name: Luhman, K. L.
name: Adame, Lucia
name: D'Alessio, Paola
name: Calvet, Nuria
name: Hartmann, Lee
name: Megeath, S. T.
name: Fazio, G. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Hubble Space Telescope, the 4 m Blanco telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, and the Spitzer Space Telescope, we have performed deep imaging from 0.8 to 8 um of the southern subcluster in the Chamaeleon I star-forming region. In these data, we have discovered an object, Cha 110913-773444, whose colors and magnitudes are indicative of a very low-mass brown dwarf with a circumstellar disk. In a near-infrared spectrum of this source obtained with the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph, the presence of strong steam absorption confirms its late-type nature (>=M9.5) while the shapes of the H- and K-band continua and the strengths of the Na I and K I lines demonstrate that it is a young, pre-main-sequence object rather than a field dwarf. A comparison of the bolometric luminosity of Cha 110913-773444 to the luminosities predicted by the evolutionary models of Chabrier and Baraffe and Burrows and coworkers indicates a mass of 8+7/-3 M_Jup, placing it fully within the mass range observed for extrasolar planetary companions (M<=15 M_Jup). The spectral energy distribution of this object exhibits mid-infrared excess emission at >5 um, which we have successfully modeled in terms of an irradiated viscous accretion disk with M'<=10e-12 M_sun/year. Cha 110913-773444 is now the least massive brown dwarf observed to have a circumstellar disk, and indeed is one of the least massive free-floating objects found to date. These results demonstrate that the raw materials for planet formation exist around free-floating planetary-mass bodies.
description: 5 pages, accepted to Astrophysical Journal Letters
Atomic-scale surface demixing in a eutectic liquid BiSn alloy
Creators: name: Shpyrko, Oleg G.
name: Grigoriev, Alexei Yu.
name: Streitel, Reinhard
name: Pontoni, Diego
name: Pershan, Peter S.
name: Ocko, Ben
name: Deutsch, Moshe
name: Meron, Mati
name: Lin, Binhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonant x-ray reflectivity of the surface of the liquid phase of the Bi$_{43}$Sn$_{57}$ eutectic alloy reveals atomic-scale demixing extending over three near-surface atomic layers. Due to the absence of underlying atomic lattice which typically defines adsorption in crystalline alloys, studies of adsorption in liquid alloys provide unique insight on interatomic interactions at the surface. The observed composition modulation could be accounted for quantitatively by the Defay-Prigogine and Strohl-King multilayer extensions of the single-layer Gibbs model, revealing a near-surface domination of the attractive Bi-Sn interaction over the entropy.
description: 4 pages (two-column), 3 figures, 1 table; Added a figure, updated references, discussion; accepted at Phys. Rev. Lett
Modeling Dark Matter Halos with Nonlinear Field Theories
Creators: name: Correa, R. A. C.
name: Moraes, P. H. R. S.
name: Dutra, A. de Souza
name: Dors, O. L.
name: de Paula, W.
name: Frederico, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we adopt a nonlinear scalar field theory coupled to the gravity sector to model galactic dark matter. We found analytical solutions for the scalar field coupled to gravity in the Newtonian limit, assuming an isotropic spacetime and a field potential, with a position dependent form of the superpotential, which entails the nonlinear dynamics of the model with self-interactions. The model introduces a position dependent enhancement of the self-interaction of the scalar fields towards the galaxy center, and while going towards the galaxy border the interaction tends to vanish building a non self-interacting DM scenario. The developed approach is able to provide a reasonable analytical description of the rotation curves in both dwarf and low surface brightness late-type galaxies, with parameters associated with the dynamics of the scalar field.
Notes on S-Matrix of Non-critical N=2 String
Creators: name: Takayanagi, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss the scattering S-matrix of non-critical N=2 string at tree level. First we consider the \hat{c}<1 string defined by combining the N=2 time-like linear dilaton SCFT with the N=2 Liouville theory. We compute three particle scattering amplitudes explicitly and find that they are actually vanishing. We also find an evidence that this is true for higher amplitudes. Next we analyze another \hat{c}<1 string obtained from the N=2 time-like Liouville theory, which is closely related to the N=2 minimal string. In this case, we find a non-trivial expression for the three point functions. When we consider only chiral primaries, the amplitudes are very similar to those in the (1,n) non-critical bosonic string.
description: 27 pages, harvmac, section 5 modified: a relation to (1,n) non-critical bosonic string added
On the AGN nature of two UV bright sources at z_spec~5.5 in the CANDELS fields: an update of the AGN space density at M1450~-22.5
Creators: name: Grazian, A.
name: Giallongo, E.
name: Fiore, F.
name: Boutsia, K.
name: Civano, F.
name: Cristiani, S.
name: Cupani, G.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Fontanot, F.
name: Menci, N.
name: Romano, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a widespread opinion that hydrogen reionization is mainly driven by primeval star-forming galaxies, with a minor role of high-z active galactic nuclei. Recent observations, however, challenge this notion, indicating a number of issues related to a galaxy-driven reionization scenario. We provide here an updated assessment of the space density of relatively faint (M1450~-22.5) AGNs at zspec~5.5 in order to improve the estimate of the photo-ionization rate contribution from accreting super massive black holes. Exploiting deep UV rest-frame ground-based spectra collected at the Very Large Telescope on the CANDELS/GOODS-South field and deep Chandra X-ray images in the CANDELS/GOODS-North and EGS areas, we find two relatively bright (M1450~-22.5) AGNs at zspec~5.5. We derive an AGN space density of Phi=1.29x10^-6 cMpc^-3 at z~5.5 and M1450~-22.5 by simply dividing their observed number by the cosmological volume in the range 5.05, in contrast with previous claims mostly based on standard color selection, possibly affected by significant incompleteness. Our estimate for the AGN photo-ionization rate at z~5.5 is in agreement with the observed values at similar redshifts, which are needed to keep the intergalactic medium highly ionized. Upcoming JWST and giant ground based telescopes observations will improve the study of high-z AGNs and their contribution to the reionization of the Universe.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 21 pages, 6 figures, 4 tables
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DATA FROM PARTICIPATORY METHODS IN PLANT BREEDING
Creators: name: Bellon, Mauricio R.
name: Reeves, Jane
name: Bellon, Mauricio R.
name: Reeves, Jane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Although participatory plant breeding (PPB) is gaining greater acceptance worldwide, the techniques needed to analyze the data from participatory methodologies in the context of plant breeding are still not well known or understood. Scientists from different disciplines and cropping backgrounds, working in international research centers and universities, discussed and exchanged methods and ideas at a workshop on the quantitative analysis of data from participatory methods in plant breeding. The papers in this volume address the three themes of the workshop: designing and analyzing joint experiments involving variety evaluation by farmers; identifying and analyzing farmers' evaluations of crop characteristics and varieties; and dealing with social heterogeneity and other research issues. Topics covered included different statistical methodologies for analyzing data from on-farm trials; the mother-baby trial system, which is designed to incorporate farmer participation into research; the identification and evaluation of maize landraces by small-scale farmers; and a PPB process that aims to address the difficulties of setting breeding goals and choosing parents in diversity research studies. Summaries of the discussion, as well as the participatory breeding work currently conducted by the participants, are provided.
POLICY REFORMS AND MEXICAN AGRICULTURE: VIEWS FROM THE YAQUI VALLEY
Creators: name: Naylor, Rosamond L.
name: Falcon, Walter P.
name: Puente-Gonzalez, Arturo
name: Naylor, Rosamond L.
name: Falcon, Walter P.
name: Puente-Gonzalez, Arturo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: The overall effects of policy reforms enacted during the 1990s in Mexico on financial and economic profitability of Yaqui Valley agriculture are assessed in this study, which describes the reforms, examines how exogenous shocks affected the reform process, and documents how rural people and institutions adjusted to the changed circumstances. Virtually all of the reforms affected Yaqui Valley farmers because of the commercial character of their agriculture (relatively large, irrigated wheat farms), their close proximity to the US, and the new "openness" of Mexico's economy. By almost any standard, the reforms were both wide-ranging and successful, at least as measured in efficiency terms, yet the Yaqui Valley's rural communities face significant challenges at the start of the 21st century. The ejido communities have lost cohesiveness, and even larger-scale farmers in the private sector face serious income problems. More generally, farmers have yet to find profitable new production systems, including the associated marketing institutions, which are consistent with greater reliance on world agricultural prices and diminished dependence on explicit and implicit subsidies from the government.
Slow spin relaxation in a highly polarized cooperative paramagnet
Creators: name: Ueland, B. G.
name: Lau, G. C.
name: Cava, R. J.
name: OBrien, J. R.
name: Schiffer, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report measurements of the ac susceptibility of the cooperative paramagnet Tb2Ti2O7 in a strong magnetic field. Our data show the expected saturation maximum in chi(T) and also an unexpected low frequency dependence (< 1 Hz) of this peak, suggesting very slow spin relaxations are occurring. Measurements on samples diluted with nonmagnetic Y3+ or Lu3+ and complementary measurements on pure and diluted Dy2Ti2O7 strongly suggest that the relaxation is associated with dipolar spin correlations, representing unusual cooperative behavior in a paramagnetic system.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF RESEARCH ON WOMEN FARMERS IN AFRICA: LESSONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS; WITH AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
Creators: name: Doss, Cheryl R.
name: Doss, Cheryl R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: Farm Management
Labor and Human Capital

description: Based on an extensive review of the literature on women farmers in Africa, this paper explores the potential reasons why women farmers have not adopted improved maize technologies and discusses the implications for agricultural research. Women farmers are often constrained by their lack of access to labor, land, and inputs. In addition, women may prefer different outputs than men. Finally, the dynamics of household decision-making affects technology adoption; roles and responsibilities within the household are often renegotiated when new technologies are adopted, and women may be reluctant to provide labor if they do not receive some of the benefits. Each section of this paper includes a number of questions that may provide insights into the gender roles and dynamics in a particular community. Three general conclusions can be drawn from the available literature. First, there is enormous complexity and heterogeneity among African households. Second, there is no simple way to summarize gender roles within African households and communities. Third, gender roles and responsibilities are dynamic; in particular, they change with new economic circumstances. An extensive annotated bibliography on gender issues and the adoption of maize technologies in Africa follows the review of studies.
IMPACT OF NO-TILL TECHNOLOGIES IN GHANA
Creators: name: Ekboir, Javier M.
name: Boa, Kofi
name: Dankyi, A.A.
name: Ekboir, Javier M.
name: Boa, Kofi
name: Dankyi, A.A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management

description: In the 1990s, no-till with mulch, a sustainable agricultural alternative, was introduced to Ghanaian farmers through a joint program between the Crops Research Institute in Kusami, Ghana, Sasakawa Global 2000, and the Monsanto Company. The package was disseminated to farmers in the Forest, Transition, and Guinea Savannah Zones, and rapidly adopted. In 2000, it was estimated that 100,000 small-scale farmers practiced no-till on 45,000 hectares of land. This study examines the impact of no-till on farmers who adopted the technology in the three zones, and to a lesser extent, the reasons for non-adoption. The impact of no-till among agrochemical dealers was also evaluated. The report found that no-till brought important changes to farmers using the technology and expanded the market for agrochemicals. It calls for more research on machinery for the technology, crop rotations, and the dynamics of diseases and weed and pest populations. More research on the organization and performance of agrochemical markets is also needed to identify bottlenecks that hamper the dissemination of no-till.
IMPACTS OF INTERNATIONAL MAIZE BREEDING RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES, 1966-98
Creators: name: Morris, Michael L.
name: Morris, Michael L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: This report, which updates and extends the findings of an earlier CIMMYT study published in 1994, documents the impacts of international maize breeding research in the developing world. Covering the period 1966-98, the report reviews public and private investment in maize breeding research, describes the products of public and private maize breeding programs, estimates farm level adoption of modern varieties (MVs), and estimates the gross value of additional grain production attributable to international breeding efforts. Although private companies have greatly increased their investment in maize breeding research in recent years, public maize breeding programs still play an important role, especially in breeding for subsistence-oriented farmers. Seed sales data show that the maize seed industry in many developing countries has effectively been privatized and that hybrid seed sales now dominate sales of all other seed types. The area planted to MVs continues to expand at an impressive rate. Maize MVs are currently grown on at least 58.8 million ha in developing countries, including at least 21.2 million ha planted to MVs that contain CIMMYT germplasm. The gross value of additional grain production attributable to the adoption of maize MVs in developing countries is estimated to range from US$ 3.7 million to US$ 11.1 billion per year. Analysis of varietal pedigrees shows that breeders in both the public and private sectors have made extensive use of CIMMYT germplasm. Over 54% of publicly bred MVs released in the developing world since 1966 have contained CIMMYT germplasm. The pedigrees of many privately bred cultivars are confidential, but CIMMYT germplasm was present in 58% of MVs developed by private breeding programs being sold in the late 1990s for which pedigree information is available. The gross benefits attributable to CIMMYT's maize breeding program are estimated to range from US$ 167 million to US$ 1.5 billion per year.
Integrated Farming for Sustainable Development of Agrarian Society
Creators: name: Renuka Hada1* and Rohit Sharma2
Publisher: name: trends in Agriculture Science
Year: 2024

description: Agrarian societies around the world face multifaceted challenges, including food security, environmental degradation, and economic inequality. In response to these challenges, integrated farming is an innovative agricultural approach that seeks to optimize resource utilization, increase agricultural productivity, and promote sustainability in agrarian societies. This abstract explores the multifaceted concept of integrated farming and its potential to drive sustainable development of agrarian societies. By integrating various agricultural components such as crop cultivation, livestock rearing, aquaculture, and agroforestry, integrated farming not only enhances farm productivity but also addresses several challenges faced by agrarian societies. One of the primary advantages of integrated farming is its ability to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture. By combining different agricultural activities, farmers can minimize soil degradation, water pollution, and pesticide usage. Crop residues can be utilized as livestock feed, and animal waste can serve as organic fertilizers, fostering a closed-loop system that minimizes waste and maximizes resource efficiency. This promotes sustainable land use, preserves biodiversity, and mitigates climate change. Furthermore, integrated farming diversifies income sources for rural communities. Instead of relying solely on one crop or livestock, farmers can hedge against market fluctuations by engaging in multiple agricultural activities.
Popular culture and public drinking in Eighteenth-Century New France : Louisbourg’s taverns and inns, 1713-1758
Creators: name: Fortin, Marcel A. J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The history of taverns in eighteenth-century Louisbourg, on Ile Royale (Cape Breton), provides an insight into the culture of the working people of this seaport. The thesis reveals how the cabarets and auberges developed, independently of the government authorities' wishes. Although regarded as a menace to good order and the work ethic, these drinking places were reluctantly tolerated. Taverns provided a unique public and secular meeting place for fishermen, soldiers and workers. There men, often far from their own families, could establish relationships, affirm group loyalties, express themselves and maintain their own culture. Liquor was readily available and drinking could have occurred elsewhere more cheaply, yet people preferred to drink in an auberge or cabaret with companions. This preference indicates that the taverns' social function was more important than the mere satisfaction of thirst or the clients' alleged desire for inebriation. Taverns were a customary institution of eighteenth-century colonial society and their persistence, whatever officials might wish, testifies to the dominance of commercial values at Louisbourg as well as to the lower ranks' attachment to their own customs and culture.
A Distributed Trust Framework for Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning
Creators: name: Abramson, Will
name: Hall, Adam James
name: Papadopoulos, Pavlos
name: Pitropakis, Nikolaos
name: Buchanan, William J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.0
subject: 68M25

description: When training a machine learning model, it is standard procedure for the researcher to have full knowledge of both the data and model. However, this engenders a lack of trust between data owners and data scientists. Data owners are justifiably reluctant to relinquish control of private information to third parties. Privacy-preserving techniques distribute computation in order to ensure that data remains in the control of the owner while learning takes place. However, architectures distributed amongst multiple agents introduce an entirely new set of security and trust complications. These include data poisoning and model theft. This paper outlines a distributed infrastructure which is used to facilitate peer-to-peer trust between distributed agents; collaboratively performing a privacy-preserving workflow. Our outlined prototype sets industry gatekeepers and governance bodies as credential issuers. Before participating in the distributed learning workflow, malicious actors must first negotiate valid credentials. We detail a proof of concept using Hyperledger Aries, Decentralised Identifiers (DIDs) and Verifiable Credentials (VCs) to establish a distributed trust architecture during a privacy-preserving machine learning experiment. Specifically, we utilise secure and authenticated DID communication channels in order to facilitate a federated learning workflow related to mental health care data.
description: To be published in the proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Trust, Privacy and Security in Digital Business - TrustBus2020
สถานภาพและประมวลความรู้จากการวิจัยด้านภาษาไทย
Creators: name: ราตรี ธันวารชร
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2004
Subjects: -

description: วรรณวิทัศน์, 4, พฤศจิกายน, 222-256
New taxa for the palaeoflora of Satovcha and Ustren (Rhodope Mtn., Bulgaria)
Creators: name: Bozukov, Vladimir
name: Todorov, Ognyan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Early Oligocene, middle Miocene, Palaeoflora, Rhodope Mountain, Satovcha, Ustren

description: Six new taxa for the Bulgarian paleoflora are presented. The paleobotanical material was obtained during field activities funded by the Regional Natural History Museum – Plovdiv in 2019. Four taxa are represented from the early Oligocene flora of Ustren (E Rhodope Mtn.). The new taxa established here are Bauhinia aff. khasiana Baker, Juncus sp., Laurophyllum heeri (Ettings.) Nemejc & Knobloch and Vaccinium acheronticum Unger. The nearest living relatives of these taxa are of different geographical origin. The recent species Bauhinia khasiana Baker is distributed in SE Asia while nearest living relatives of Laurophyllum heeri and Vaccinium acheronticum, respectively Nectandra opositifolia Nees et Mart. and Vaccinium stamineum L. are distributed in the Americas. The first one in tropical S America and the second – mainly in subtropical N America. Genus Juncus has a cosmopolitan distribution.The taxa Lithocarpus aff. uvariifolius (Hance) Rehder and Oreopanax aff. anomalus M.J. Cannon et Cannon have been identified from the middle Miocene flora of Satovcha (W Rhodope Mtn.). The recent species Lithocarpus uvariifolius (Hance) Rehder is distributed in areas of SE Asia characterized by a subtropical climate while Oreopanax anomalus M.J. Cannon et Cannon is a tropical endemic species for Costa Rica (Central America).
GAN-based Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Arisoy, Sertac
name: Nasrabadi, Nasser M.
name: Kayabol, Koray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we propose a generative adversarial network (GAN)-based hyperspectral anomaly detection algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, we train a GAN model to generate a synthetic background image which is close to the original background image as much as possible. By subtracting the synthetic image from the original one, we are able to remove the background from the hyperspectral image. Anomaly detection is performed by applying Reed-Xiaoli (RX) anomaly detector (AD) on the spectral difference image. In the experimental part, we compare our proposed method with the classical RX, Weighted-RX (WRX) and support vector data description (SVDD)-based anomaly detectors and deep autoencoder anomaly detection (DAEAD) method on synthetic and real hyperspectral images. The detection results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms the other methods in the benchmark.
description: 5 pages
A PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT: 2001 COURT RESTRUCTURING PLAN IMPACTS ON THREE IOWA COUNTIES
Creators: name: Edelman, Mark A.
name: Edelman, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Political Economy

description: A preliminary study is one that is conducted to develop an initial framework of analysis and/or to gain an initial assessment to provide enough understanding of the research issue so as to inform the direction of a more complete and comprehensive data collection, study analysis, and policymaking deliberation. On November 8, 2001, the Iowa General Assembly and Governor approved a 4.3 percent across-the-board state budget reduction. This reduced the Judicial Branch budget by $5.5 million. In anticipation of and in response to fiscal concerns, the Judicial Branch announced plans for restructuring the Iowa court system. Iowa citizens and community and interest group leaders are interested in having the impacts of the proposals identified and assessed to assist in informing state and local discussions and future decisions. It is the result of this interest for which the Department of Economics and Iowa Vitality Center at Iowa State University have undertaken this study. The Iowa State Bar Association contributed funding for the project. The author has developed a significant track record and expertise in conducting numerous studies on related public finance and government structure issues for Iowa policymakers, leaders and citizens during the past 15 years. He is solely responsible for directing this study, the study findings and the conclusions. The purpose of study is to provide an objective assessment of the impacts and to gather local observations and perspectives that may be useful in public discussions and planning next steps toward future public decisions.
Combining ILC and moment expansion techniques for extracting average-sky signals and CMB anisotropies
Creators: name: Rotti, Aditya
name: Chluba, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of weighted addition of multi-frequency maps, more commonly referred to as {\it Internal Linear Combination} (ILC), has been extensively employed in the measurement of cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies and its secondaries along with similar application in 21cm data analysis. Here we argue and demonstrate that ILC methods can also be applied to data from absolutely-calibrated CMB experiments to extract average-sky signals in addition to the conventional CMB anisotropies. The performance of the simple ILC method is, however, limited, but can be significantly improved by adding constraints informed by physics and existing empirical information. In recent work, a moment description has been introduced as a technique of carrying out high precision modeling of foregrounds in the presence of inevitable averaging effects. We combine these two approaches to construct a heavily constrained form of the ILC, dubbed \milc, which can be used to recover tiny monopolar spectral distortion signals in the presence of realistic foregrounds and instrumental noise. This is a first demonstration for measurements of the monopolar and anisotropic spectral distortion signals using ILC and extended moment methods. We also show that CMB anisotropy measurements can be improved, reducing foreground biases and signal uncertainties when using the \milc. While here we focus on CMB spectral distortions, the scope extends to the 21cm monopole signal and $B$-mode analysis. We briefly discuss augmentations that need further study to reach the full potential of the method.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, Submitted to journal in Dec 2019
Supplementary materials for My host's enemy is my enemy: plasmids carrying CRISPR-Cas as a defence against phages
Creators: name: Siedentop, Berit
name: Rüegg, Dario
name: Bonhoeffer, Sebastian
name: Chabas, Hélène
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310299
subject: Bioinformatics and computational biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310799
subject: Microbiology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 490102
subject: Biological mathematics

description: Supplementary materials containing supporting figures, tables and text
The Benefits and Costs of Alternative Strategies to Combat Illiteracy
Creators: name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Orazem, Peter F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper reviews the stylized facts regarding the distribution of human capital investments and the returns to those investments in developing countries. It then examines recent evidence regarding which policies can induce increased human capital investments in the most efficient manner, using estimated benefits and costs as a guide.
Marking the boundaries : explorations of meaning and identity in the York Corpus Christi cycle
Creators: name: Christie, Sheila
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis explores the implications of the relationships between building trade guilds and the pageants they produced in York, and examines this relationship over the two-hundred-year production of the York Cycle. Because this relationship and the reception of any dramatic performance is heavily influenced by context, we need to look closer at the social, political, and economic environment of late medieval York in order to better understand the range of interpretations available to the Cycle's original audience. Doing so also allows us to witness the issues of identity and community that are negotiated throughout these plays. Chapter 1 examines the guilds responsible for most day-to-day construction (the plasters, tilers, and carpenters) and explores the interpretations that the conjunction of guild casting, play text, and historical context invites. The Plasterers' "Creation" deals with issues of labour and political power, economic fluctuations influence representations of family and community in the Tilers' "Nativity," and the Carpenters' "Resurrection" explores issues of integrity and urban corruption, while also representing a struggle for social authority. Chapter Two considers the participation of groups outside of civic jurisdiction, most particularly the Masons, and investigates the ways in which the York Cycle may have cut across boundaries (or united "separate" groups) instead of, or as well as, reinforcing them. Finally, the changing contexts that in turn changed (or re-focused) the meanings of these texts reveal the boundaries over and through which concepts of identity and community were negotiated.
การพัฒนาการรับสารให้เกิดประโยชน์ต่อตนเอง
Creators: name: ถนอมวงศ์ ล้ำยอดมรรคผล
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2004
Subjects: -

description: วรรณวิทัศน์, 4, พฤศจิกายน, 257-267
Measuring the Impact of Meat Packing and Processing Facilities in the Nonmetropolitan Midwest: A Difference-in-Differences Approach
Creators: name: Artz, Georgeanne M.
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Otto, Daniel M.
name: Artz, Georgeanne M.
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Otto, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: We measure how local growth in meatpacking and processing affects growth in local economies, government expenditures, and crime rates from 1990-2000 in nonmetropolitan counties of 12 Midwestern States. Propensity score matching is used as a check on possible non-random placement of meatpacking and processing plants. Results suggest that as the meat packing industry's share of a county's total employment and wage bill rises, total employment growth increases. However, employment growth in other sectors slows, as does local wage growth. There is some evidence that slower wage growth swamps the employment growth so that aggregate income grows more slowly. We find no evidence that growth in the industry changes the growth rates for crime or government spending.
DOES SCHOOL DECENTRALIZATION RAISE STUDENT OUTCOMES?: THEORY AND EVIDENCE ON THE ROLES OF SCHOOL AUTONOMY AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION
Creators: name: Gunnarsson, Louise Victoria
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Sanchez, Mario
name: Verdisco, Aimee
name: Gunnarsson, Louise Victoria
name: Orazem, Peter F.
name: Sanchez, Mario
name: Verdisco, Aimee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Using data on primary schools in 10 Latin-American countries, we estimate the impact of decentralized school decision-making on student performance. We develop a model that shows that local autonomous effort will be jointly determined with student academic performance. The model predicts that least squares estimates are biased toward finding a positive impact of school autonomy on student performance. Empirical tests confirm these predictions. Least squares estimates show a strong positive effect of decentralized decision-making on test scores, but these results are reversed after correcting for the endogeneity of school autonomy. However, results support the role of parental participation in the schools as a positive influence on student achievement.
การสอนภาษา และวัฒนธรรมไทยแก่ชาวต่างประเทศ
Creators: name: นวลทิพย์ เพิ่มเกษร
Publisher: name: คณะศิลปศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยธรรมศาสตร์
Year: 2004
Subjects: -

description: วรรณวิทัศน์, 4, พฤศจิกายน, 268-278
Beckmann, Joachim, Kirchliches Jahrbuch für die Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland 1963
Creators: name: Kg.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 14 Nr. 3 (1965): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 14, Heft 3
Topological versus spectral properties of random geometric graphs
Creators: name: Aguilar-Sanchez, R.
name: Mendez-Bermudez, J. A.
name: Rodrigues, Francisco A.
name: Sigarreta, Jose M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we perform a detailed statistical analysis of topological and spectral properties of random geometric graphs (RGGs); a graph model used to study the structure and dynamics of complex systems embedded in a two dimensional space. RGGs, $G(n,\ell)$, consist of $n$ vertices uniformly and independently distributed on the unit square, where two vertices are connected by an edge if their Euclidian distance is less or equal than the connection radius $\ell \in [0,\sqrt{2}]$. To evaluate the topological properties of RGGs we chose two well-known topological indices, the Randić index $R(G)$ and the harmonic index $H(G)$. While we characterize the spectral and eigenvector properties of the corresponding randomly-weighted adjacency matrices by the use of random matrix theory measures: the ratio between consecutive eigenvalue spacings, the inverse participation ratios and the information or Shannon entropies $S(G)$. First, we review the scaling properties of the averaged measures, topological and spectral, on RGGs. Then we show that: (i) the averaged--scaled indices, $\left\langle R(G) \right\rangle$ and $\left\langle H(G) \right\rangle$, are highly correlated with the average number of non-isolated vertices $\left\langle V_\times(G) \right\rangle$; and (ii) surprisingly, the averaged--scaled Shannon entropy $\left\langle S(G) \right\rangle$ is also highly correlated with $\left\langle V_\times(G) \right\rangle$. Therefore, we suggest that very reliable predictions of eigenvector properties of RGGs could be made by computing topological indices.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
DC Optimal Power Flow Formulation and Solution Using QuadProgJ
Creators: name: Sun, Junjie
name: Tesfatsion, Leigh
name: Sun, Junjie
name: Tesfatsion, Leigh
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Nonlinear AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems are commonly approximated by linearized DC OPF problems to obtain real power solutions for restructured wholesale power markets. We first present a standard DC OPF problem, which has the numerically desirable form of a strictly convex quadratic programming (SCQP) problem when voltage angles are eliminated by substitution. We next augment this standard DC OPF problem in a physically meaningful way, still retaining an SCQP form, so that solution values for voltage angles and locational marginal prices are directly obtained along with real power injections and branch flows. We then show how this augmented DC OPF problem can be solved using QuadProgJ, an open-source Java SCQP solver newly developed by the authors that implements the well-known dual active-set SCQP algorithm by Goldfarb and Idnani (1983). To demonstrate the accuracy of QuadProgJ, comparative results are reported for a well-known suite of numerical QP test cases with up to 1500 decision variables plus constraints. Detailed QuadProgJ results are also reported for 3-node and 5-node DC OPF test cases taken from power systems texts and ISO-NE/MISO/PJM training manuals.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 06/21/06.
Karni Golan, Architectural Sculpture in the Byzantine Negev. Characterization and Meaning
Creators: name: Fischer, Moshe
Publisher: name: Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft
Year: 2021

description: Rezension zu: Karni Golan, Architectural Sculpture in the Byzantine Negev. Characteriza­tion and Meaning. Archaeology of the Biblical Worlds Bd. 3. Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter 2020, XXIX + 684 S., 99 s/w-Abb., 351 farb. Abb.
description: Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft, Bd. 23 (2020): Göttinger Forum für Altertumswissenschaft