cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
No association between blood count levels and whole-blood cobalt and chromium levels in 1,900 patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty
Creators: name: Honkasaari, Noora
name: Lainiala, Olli
name: Laine, Outi
name: Reito, Aleksi
name: Eskelinen, Antti
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Background and purpose — The accelerated wear of poorly functioning metal-on-metal (MoM) hip implants may cause elevated whole-blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) levels. Hematological and endocrinological changes have been described as the most sensitive adverse effects due to Co exposure. We studied whether there is an association between whole-blood Co/Cr levels and leukocyte, hemoglobin, or platelet levels. Patients and methods — We analyzed whole-blood Co and Cr values and complete blood counts (including leukocytes, hemoglobin, platelets) from 1,900 patients with MoM hips. The mean age at the time of whole-blood metal ion measurements was 67 years (SD 10). The mean time from primary surgery to whole-blood metal ion measurement was 8.2 years (SD 3.0). The mean interval between postoperative blood counts and metal ion measurements was 0.2 months (SD 2.7). Results — The median Co value was 1.9 µg/L (0.2–225), Cr 1.6 µg/L (0.2–125), mean leukocyte count 6.7 × 109/L (SD 1.9), hemoglobin value 143 g/L (SD 13), and platelet count 277 × 109/L (SD 70). We did not observe clinically significant correlations between whole-blood Co/Cr and leukocyte, hemoglobin, or platelet counts. Interpretation — Elevated whole-blood Co and Cr values are unlikely to explain abnormal blood counts in patients with MoM hips and the reason for possible abnormal blood counts should be sought elsewhere.
Quality Incentives in Informal Markets: The Case of Ecuadorian Cocoa
Creators: name: Jano, Pilar
name: Hueth, Brent
name: Jano, Pilar
name: Hueth, Brent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: quality
subject: incentives
subject: implicit contracts
subject: cocoa

description: We investigate the economic importance of implicit quality incentives in an agricultural market that lacks the institutional capacity for measuring quality verifiably. We measure the magnitude of implicit price premiums for quality, and we distinguish empirically between hedonic-pricing and implicit-contracting motivations for observed incentives. We find price premiums comparable in magnitude to premiums observed in other agricultural markets where quality is measured verifiably. Premiums are highest for relatively low-value but highly-informative quality characteristics, and buyers who are informationally close to farmers implicitly reward actions that affect unobservable quality characteristics. We conclude that implicit contracting is used to provide quality incentives comparable in magnitude to what is provided through more explicit means in formally organized markets.
Critical brain networks
Creators: name: Chialvo, Dante R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly correlated brain dynamics produces synchronized states with no behavioral value, while weakly correlated dynamics prevents information flow. We discuss the idea put forward by Per Bak that the working brain stays at an intermediate (critical) regime characterized by power-law correlations.
description: Contribution to the Niels Bohr Summer Institute on Complexity and Criticality (2003); to appear in a Per Bak Memorial Issue of PHYSICA A
TOI 564 b and TOI 905 b: Grazing and Fully Transiting Hot Jupiters Discovered by TESS
Creators: name: Davis, Allen B.
name: Wang, Songhu
name: Jones, Matias
name: Eastman, Jason D.
name: Günther, Maximilian N.
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Addison, Brett C.
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Quinn, Samuel N.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Trifonov, Trifon
name: Shahaf, Sahar
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Wang, Xian-Yu
name: Tan, Thiam-Guan
name: Tokovinin, Andrei
name: Ziegler, Carl
name: Tronsgaard, René
name: Millholland, Sarah
name: Cruz, Bryndis
name: Berlind, Perry
name: Calkins, Michael L.
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Collins, Kevin I.
name: Conti, Dennis M.
name: Evans, Phil
name: Lewin, Pablo
name: Radford, Don J.
name: Paredes, Leonardo A.
name: Henry, Todd J.
name: James, Hodari-Sadiki
name: Law, Nicholas M.
name: Mann, Andrew W.
name: Briceño, César
name: Ricker, George R.
name: Vanderspek, Roland
name: Seager, Sara
name: Winn, Joshua N.
name: Jenkins, Jon M.
name: Krishnamurthy, Akshata
name: Batalha, Natalie M.
name: Burt, Jennifer
name: Colón, Knicole D.
name: Dynes, Scott
name: Caldwell, Douglas A.
name: Morris, Robert
name: Henze, Christopher E.
name: Fischer, Debra A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery and confirmation of two new hot Jupiters discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS): TOI 564 b and TOI 905 b. The transits of these two planets were initially observed by TESS with orbital periods of 1.651 d and 3.739 d, respectively. We conducted follow-up observations of each system from the ground, including photometry in multiple filters, speckle interferometry, and radial velocity measurements. For TOI 564 b, our global fitting revealed a classical hot Jupiter with a mass of $1.463^{+0.10}_{-0.096}\ M_J$ and a radius of $1.02^{+0.71}_{-0.29}\ R_J$. TOI 905 b is a classical hot Jupiter as well, with a mass of $0.667^{+0.042}_{-0.041}\ M_J$ and radius of $1.171^{+0.053}_{-0.051}\ R_J$. Both planets orbit Sun-like, moderately bright, mid-G dwarf stars with V ~ 11. While TOI 905 b fully transits its star, we found that TOI 564 b has a very high transit impact parameter of $0.994^{+0.083}_{-0.049}$, making it one of only ~20 known systems to exhibit a grazing transit and one of the brightest host stars among them. TOI 564 b is therefore one of the most attractive systems to search for additional non-transiting, smaller planets by exploiting the sensitivity of grazing transits to small changes in inclination and transit duration over the time scale of several years.
description: 21 pages and 10 figures. Submitted to AJ
Essays on decentralisation and accountability in Indonesia
Creators: name: Nikijuluw, Ruth
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: The first paper examines the degree of spatial interdependence in fiscal policy and service provision by local governments in Indonesia. The research forms the first attempt to test such interdependence across local areas of a developing country. A spatial Durbin model is estimated for a balanced panel of Indonesian districts for 2009-2013. The findings confirm the existence of positive spatial interdependence in both local government expenditure and access to services. Interdependence is stronger for capital-based spending and education access. The findings point to strategic competition between districts, a process that potentially boosts local government accountability and efficiency in providing service access for citizens. The second paper contrasts two distinctive government forms at the village level in Indonesia: desa, which is a more citizen-based government with directly elected village heads and kelurahan, which is a bureaucratic-based government with appointed village heads. The paper investigates if switching to the more bureaucratic type of governance influences service access outcomes. Both village-level panel Difference in Difference (DID) for village level outcomes and pseudo-village panel DID for individual outcomes are pursued. The results show that kelurahan status leads to an increase in property crime incidence and reduced access to safe birth and immunisation. These findings point to the importance of horizontal accountability and village apparatus engagement, while also providing insights into the debate on whether political decentralisation should be extended to the lowest administrative tier. The last paper investigates the consequences of electing a female leader on fiscal and service outcomes. A dataset of districts in Indonesia with close election results between male and female mayoral candidates from 2005 to 2017 is used. This study employs a randomisation-based inference in regression discontinuity design to deal with non-random assignment of female leadership. The results show that per capita expenditure, as well as budget share on social protection and infrastructure, are higher for districts that are governed by female leaders. Also, female leadership improves citizen access to both assisted birth by health professionals and safe water. Finally, the findings show that female-led districts have more prudent budget management while neither fewer nor more corruption cases. This study suggests that female leader policy preferences are different from those of their male counterparts, and that gender plays a role in determining policy choices.
The Hedging Effectiveness of Rough Rice Futures
Creators: name: Lee, Kye Ryong
name: Hayenga, Marvin L.
name: Lee, Kye Ryong
name: Hayenga, Marvin L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: The potential effectiveness of the thinly traded rough rice futures market in price risk minimizing hedging is evaluated for milled rice in four states, and for rough rice in Arkansas. Both unconditional and conditional hedge ratios are estimated via regression analysis. While the potential for hedging milled rice is good in Texas, Louisiana and Arkansas, it is not in California. Rough rice can be effectively hedged in Arkansas.
The Quality of Speculation in the Soybean Complex
Creators: name: Dahlgran, Roger A.
name: Dahlgran, Roger A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: This paper examines the quality of speculation in the soybean, soyoil and soymeal futures markets. High quality speculation is defned as speculative activity that quickly brings markets to equilibrium when economic events dictate that a new equilibrium is required. A model of spot and futures market interaction is developed and estimated using cross sections of time-series data from 1992, 1993 and 1994. The dynamics of market equilibration are simulated by using the estimated parameters and also by using alternative assumptions about speculative and hedging behavior. It is found that hedgers contribute little to market equilibration. Speculative activity consisting of arbitrage between the spot and futures markets based on carrying costs was found to be low in quality and potentially destabilizing. True speculative activity consisting of arbitraging the futures markets against expected futures prices was found to be the highest quality of speculation.
title: Annotated genome sequences of the carnivorous plant Roridula gorgonias and a non-carnivorous relative, Clethra arborea
Creators: name: Hartmann, Stefanie
name: Preick, Michaela
name: Abelt, Silke
name: Scheffel, André
name: Hofreiter, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Objective Plant carnivory is distributed across the tree of life and has evolved at least six times independently, but sequenced and annotated nuclear genomes of carnivorous plants are currently lacking. We have sequenced and structurally annotated the nuclear genome of the carnivorous Roridula gorgonias and that of a non-carnivorous relative, Madeira’s lily-of-the-valley-tree, Clethra arborea, both within the Ericales. This data adds an important resource to study the evolutionary genetics of plant carnivory across angiosperm lineages and also for functional and systematic aspects of plants within the Ericales. Results Our assemblies have total lengths of 284 Mbp (R. gorgonias) and 511 Mbp (C. arborea) and show high BUSCO scores of 84.2% and 89.5%, respectively. We used their predicted genes together with publicly available data from other Ericales’ genomes and transcriptomes to assemble a phylogenomic data set for the inference of a species tree. However, groups of orthologs showed a marked absence of species represented by a transcriptome. We discuss possible reasons and caution against combining predicted genes from genome- and transriptome-based assemblies.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe; 1141
Estimating the resilience to natural disasters by using call detail records to analyse the mobility of internally displaced persons
Creators: name: Li, Tracey
name: Dejby, Jesper
name: Albert, Maximilian
name: Bengtsson, Linus
name: Lefebvre, Veronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We use mobile phone call detail records to estimate the resettlement times of a subset of individuals that have been previously identified to be internally displaced persons (IDPs) following a sudden-onset disaster. Four different mobility metrics - two versions of radius of gyration and two versions of entropy - are used to study the behaviour of populations during three disasters - the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, the 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal, and Hurricane Matthew in Haiti in 2016. We characterise the rate at which a disrupted population resettles by the fraction of individuals who remain disrupted each week after the disaster. We find that this rate can be modelled very well as the sum of two exponential decays and observe that the resettling rate for all three disasters is similar, with half the original number of displaced persons having resettled within four to five weeks of the disaster. If the study of further disasters leads to the observation of similar exponential decay rates, then it would imply that the number of IDPs at any time can be inferred from an estimate of the initial number of IDPs immediately following the disaster. Alternatively, the method provides a way to monitor disaster resilience and compare recovery rates across disasters. The method has the advantage that no assumptions need to be made regarding the location or time of resettlement. Our results indicate that CDRs can significantly contribute to measuring and predicting displacement durations, distances, and locations of IDPs in post-disaster scenarios. We believe that information and estimates provided by specifically developed CDR analytics, coupled with field data collection and traditional survey methods, can assist the humanitarian response to natural disasters and the subsequent resettlement efforts.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures
Development of a density inversion in driven granular gases
Creators: name: Bromberg, Yaron
name: Livne, Eli
name: Meerson, Baruch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Granular materials fluidized by a rapidly vibrating bottom plate often develop a fascinating density inversion: a heavier layer of granulate supported by a lower-density region. We employ the Navier-Stokes granular hydrodynamics to follow a density inversion as it develops in time. Assuming a dilute low-Mach-number flow, we derive a reduced time-dependent model of the late stage of the dynamics. The model looks especially simple in the Lagrangian coordinates. The time-dependent solution describes the growth of a density peak at an intermediate height. A transient temperature minimum is predicted to develop in the region of the density peak. The temperature minimum disappears at later times, as the system approaches the steady state. At late times, the predictions of the low-Mach-number model are in good agreement with a numerical solution of the full hydrodynamic equations. At an early stage of the dynamics, pressure oscillations are predicted.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures. To appear in "Granular Gas Dynamics", ed. by T. Poeschel and N. Brilliantov, vol. 624 of "Lecture Notes in Physics", Springer
The hidden satellites of massive galaxies and quasars at high-redshift
Creators: name: Costa, Tiago
name: Rosdahl, Joakim
name: Kimm, Taysun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using cosmological, radiation-hydrodynamic simulations targeting a rare $\approx \, 2 \times 10^{12} \, \rm M_\odot$ halo at $z \, = \, 6$, we show that the number counts and internal properties of satellite galaxies within the massive halo are sensitively regulated by a combination of local stellar radiative feedback and strong tidal forces. Radiative feedback operates before the first supernova explosions erupt and results in less tightly-bound galaxies. Satellites are therefore more vulnerable to tidal stripping when they accrete onto the main progenitor and are tidally disrupted on a significantly shorter timescale. Consequently, the number of satellites with $M_{\rm \star} > 10^{7} \, \rm M_\odot$ within the parent system's virial radius drops by up to $60 \%$ with respect to an identical simulation performed without stellar radiative feedback. Radiative feedback also impacts the central galaxy, whose effective radius increases by a factor $\lesssim 3$ due to the presence of a more extended and diffuse stellar component. We suggest that the number of satellites in the vicinity of massive high-redshift galaxies is an indication of the strength of stellar radiative feedback and and can be anomalously low in the extreme cosmic environments of high-redshift quasars.
description: 7 pages, 3 Figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
An Analysis of the Frequency of Marketing by Kansas Crop Producers
Creators: name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Kastens, Terry L.
name: Goodwin, Barry K.
name: Kastens, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: This study evaluates the frequency of marketing for a sample of 572 Kansas crop producers. The frequency of marketing is an important dimension of marketing practices that has received little empirical attention. At its most fundamental level, the frequency of marketing is intimately related to on-farm and off-farm commodity storage. Estimators appropriate for integer count data are utilized to evaluate the relationship among farm and operator characteristics with observed frequencies of marketing. Large, non-irrigated crop partnerships which have little rented acreage appear to market the most frequently. Young operators that spend a considerable amount of time in self-education efforts also appear to market more frequently.
Additional file 2 of Identification of candidate genes conferring tolerance to aluminum stress in Pinus massoniana inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungus
Creators: name: Liu, Haiyan
name: Chen, Houying
name: Ding, Guijie
name: Li, Kuaifen
name: Ren, Qifei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. GO enrichment analysis. SL0, CK0 and CK04 represent the Suillus luteus (SL) inoculated plants without Al stress application, SL inoculated plants with 0.4 mmol L− 1 Al stress application, plants non-inoculated without Al stress application and plants non-inoculated with 0.4 mmol L− 1 Al stress application, respectively. Figure S2. KEGG enrichment analysis. SL0, CK0 and CK04 represent the Suillus luteus (SL) inoculated plants without Al stress application, plants non-inoculated without Al stress application and plants non-inoculated with 0.4 mmol L− 1 Al stress application, respectively.
MOESM2 of Home parenteral nutrition with an omega-3-fatty-acid-enriched MCT/LCT lipid emulsion in patients with chronic intestinal failure (the HOME study): study protocol for a randomized, controlled, multicenter, international clinical trial
Creators: name: Klek, Stanislaw
name: CÃ©Cile Chambrier
name: Cooper, Sheldon
name: Gabe, Simon
name: Kunecki, Marek
name: Pironi, Loris
name: Rahman, Farooq
name: Sobocki, Jacek
name: Szczepanek, Kinga
name: Wanten, Geert
name: Lincke, Nicole
name: Glotzbach, Bernhard
name: Forbes, Alastair
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) Checklist.
ГИГИЕНИК ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ЧОРА-ТАДБИРЛАРИ ВА УЛАРНИНГ САМАРАДОРЛИГИ
Creators: name: Абдуллаева, Д.Г.
name: Хусанова, М.А.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ушбу тадқиқотда Шайхонтоҳур ва Миробод туманларида истиқомат қилувчи 12-16 ёшли ўсмир ўғил болалар орасида гигиеник профилактика чора-тадбирларининг самарадорлиги таҳлил қилинди. Тадқиқот жараёнида ўқувчиларнинг шахсий гигиенага оид билимлари, кундалик одатлари ва уларнинг соғлиқ ҳолати ўрганилди. Натижалар шуни кўрсатдики, шахсий гигиенага риоя қилиш даражаси юқори бўлган ўсмирларда касаллик ҳолатлари камроқ учрайди. Хусусан, қўл ювиш, тиш ювиш ва мунтазам душ қабул қилиш каби одатлар тери касалликлари, оғиз бўшлиғи муаммолари ва шамоллаш ҳолатларини камайтиришда муҳим аҳамият касб этади. Тадқиқот натижаларига асосан, ўсмирлар учун гигиеник билимларни ошириш ва амалий кўникмаларни шакллантириш бўйича тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилди.
An introduction to Infectious disease epidemiology in Australia, disease emergence to elimination
Creators: name: O'Neill, Genevieve
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: In this thesis, I present the body of work I completed as part of my Master of Philosophy (Applied Epidemiology) at the Australian National University. I completed a placement within the Australian Government Department of Health, Office of Health Protection, Communicable Disease Epidemiology and Surveillance Section. I discuss my experiences as an MAE scholar and my participation in activities I completed as part of my field placement. I describe the establishment of the First Few X household transmission project within the Australian context, which aimed to explore the household transmission dynamics of novel coronavirus disease 2019. The experiences establishing this project in a short timeframe after the emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 in Australia are explored. I conducted an investigation of an acute public health problem at Alfred Health on a carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for the acquisition of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Multivariable analysis revealed several independent risk factors associated with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae imipenamase-4 acquisition including presence of a central venous catheter, indwelling urinary, and administration of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or penicillin (without a beta-lactamase inhibitor) in the 30 days preceding specimen collection date. Radiology prior to specimen collection was protective. This study contributed to the growing body of evidence on this increasingly prevalent antibiotic-resistant organism. My data analysis project describes the clinical presentation of invasive meningococcal disease using the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System enhanced surveillance data 2017 and 2018. This is the first study to describe the clinical presentation of invasive meningococcal disease in all serogroups. I present findings from a study that describes donovanosis elimination in Australia. This study included an analysis of the epidemiology of donovanosis in Australia between 1991 and 2018 and a Delphi method questionnaire with donovanosis experts on the current status of donovanosis elimination in Australia and what might be required in order for elimination to be declared. Finally, this thesis provides learnings from two teaching activities conducted as part of the Master of Philosophy (Applied Epidemiology) program, with reflections on the teaching sessions and lessons I learned.
Do hip precautions after posterior-approach total hip arthroplasty affect dislocation rates? A systematic review of 7 studies with 6,900 patients
Creators: name: Crompton, Jack
name: Osagie-Clouard, Liza
name: Patel, Akash
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Background and purpose — Hip precautions limiting flexion, adduction, and internal rotation have been prescribed traditionally to minimize dislocation rates following THA. We assessed the prevalence of hip dislocation following posterior approach total hip arthroplasty without postoperative hip precautions. Methods — A systematic review of multiple medical databases was performed using the PRISMA guidelines and checklist. All clinical outcome studies that reported dislocation rates and postoperative instructions following posterior approach, primary surgery, published within the last 6 years, were included. Results — 6,900 patients were included from 7 Level I–IV studies, with 3,517 treated with and 3,383 without precautions. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of dislocation between groups (2.2% in restricted group vs. 2.0% in unrestricted group). All but 1 study demonstrated no statistically significant differences in patient-reported outcome scores between restricted and unrestricted groups, including those pertaining to return to function, confidence, and pain. Interpretation — The review found no impact on dislocation rates following total hip arthroplasty performed through a posterior approach, regardless of the use of hip precautions. We also found no impact of the prescription of hip precautions on patient-reported outcome scores.
Arbitrage Costs Between Regional Fed-Cattle Markets
Creators: name: Koontz, Stephen R.
name: Koontz, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agricultural marketing

description: Arbitrage cost models were used to measure the degree of integration between regional geographic AMS reported fed cattle markets. The method measures the implicit arbitrage costs and probability of arbitrage between two markets, and is also used to test the 5% rule from the Federal Trade Commission and Department of Justice Merger Guidelines. The results suggest that all U.S. fed cattle markets are well integrated. However, there are degrees of integration. East coast and west coast markets are distinct from markets in the central U.S. Further, arbitrage costs are lower from small volume markets to large markets, while costs are higher from large to small markets. Thus, for antitrust analysis, large market regions may be considered in isolation while small regions should include neighboring large regions in the economic market definition.
Targeted Estimation of Heterogeneous Treatment Effect in Observational Survival Analysis
Creators: name: Zhu, Jie
name: Gallego, Blanca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The aim of clinical effectiveness research using repositories of electronic health records is to identify what health interventions 'work best' in real-world settings. Since there are several reasons why the net benefit of intervention may differ across patients, current comparative effectiveness literature focuses on investigating heterogeneous treatment effect and predicting whether an individual might benefit from an intervention. The majority of this literature has concentrated on the estimation of the effect of treatment on binary outcomes. However, many medical interventions are evaluated in terms of their effect on future events, which are subject to loss to follow-up. In this study, we describe a framework for the estimation of heterogeneous treatment effect in terms of differences in time-to-event (survival) probabilities. We divide the problem into three phases: (1) estimation of treatment effect conditioned on unique sets of the covariate vector; (2) identification of features important for heterogeneity using an ensemble of non-parametric variable importance methods; and (3) estimation of treatment effect on the reference classes defined by the previously selected features, using one-step Targeted Maximum Likelihood Estimation. We conducted a series of simulation studies and found that this method performs well when either sample size or event rate is high enough and the number of covariates contributing to the effect heterogeneity is moderate. An application of this method to a clinical case study was conducted by estimating the effect of oral anticoagulants on newly diagnosed non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients using data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.
Through Time and Space: Spatial Analysis of Megalith Morphology on the Plain of Jars, Xieng Khouang, Lao PDR
Creators: name: Ball, Andrew
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021

description: The term 'megalith' takes its origins from the ancient Greek 'megas' ('great') and 'lithos' ('stones'), and was first used by Algernon Herbert to describe Stonehenge. Yet since the term's inception, a multitude of megalithic forms have been identified across the world, the earliest dating to c. 12,000 BP at Gobekli Tepe in Turkey. Ranging from menhirs and trilithons to dolmens and cromlechs, these large stone structures have inspired fascination in those that have beheld them. The catalyst for this awe not simply being due to their immense scale, but also due to what they represent; namely past beliefs regarding life, death, and a person's place in the universe. Perhaps the most distinctive megalithic form is the jar, being both atypical and enigmatic. A quintessential example of this particular style can be found on the Plain of Jars, located in north-central Laos, though instances of similar jars have also been recorded in India, Myanmar, and Sulawesi. Groslier described these Laotian jars as "made of white sandstone...three to ten feet high, and often covered with a round lid. They served as tombs; [with] human ashes [being] placed inside". Spread across a sizeable area within Lao PDR, over 2000 megaliths have been recorded at 93 distinct locations, with further unconfirmed sites potentially leading to a total 118 sites. However, these large vessels have often been characterised as a mystery, with this uncertainty focusing on their origin, age, and overall function. Yet with the recent expansion of scientific investigation onto the Plain of Jars, a greater understanding of the sites has begun to develop. The aim of this dissertation is to analyse two major aspects of megalith significance, namely their design and placement. In this sense, megalithic 'design' encapsulates the morphology and scale of specimens studied within this project. This centres on the corresponding analysis of megalith stylisation, and the dimensions of those vessels. While simultaneously, the concept of specimen 'placement' considers the spatial positioning of megalithic material culture. Principally, this will discern whether the size and stylisation of jars and stone discs influenced their placement and arrangement. The primary means in achieving this is the application of the newly developed 'Type-Space model'. This paradigm focuses on the in-depth analysis of megalith morphology, and its superimposition onto high-resolution spatial data. Consequently, this duality provides an unparalleled understanding of the scale and decoration of the Plain of Jars megaliths, whilst also generating a unique image of their configuration.
Additional file 1 of Eribulin, Child-Pugh score, and liver-function tests: lessons from pivotal breast cancer studies 301 and 305
Creators: name: Macpherson, Iain R.
name: Yaohua He
name: Palmieri, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Eribulin mesylate dose modifications and exposure in patients with or without liver lesion involvement (safety population).
Comment on "Including Systematic Uncertainties in Confidence Interval Construction for Poisson Statistics"
Creators: name: Hill, Gary C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The incorporation of systematic uncertainties into confidence interval calculations has been addressed recently in a paper by Conrad et al. (Physical Review D 67 (2003) 012002). In their work, systematic uncertainities in detector efficiencies and background flux predictions were incorporated following the hybrid frequentist-Bayesian prescription of Cousins and Highland, but using the likelihood ratio ordering of Feldman and Cousins in order to produce "unified" confidence intervals. In general, the resulting intervals behaved as one would intuitively expect, i.e. increased with increasing uncertainties. However, it was noted that for numbers of observed events less than or of order of the expected background, the intervals could sometimes behave in a completely counter-intuitive fashion -- being seen to initially decrease in the face of increasing uncertainties, but only for the case of increasing signal efficiency uncertainty. In this comment, we show that the problematic behaviour is due to integration over the signal efficiency uncertainty while maximising the best fit alternative hypothesis likelihood. If the alternative hypothesis likelihood is determined by unconditionally maximising with respect to both the unknown signal and signal efficiency uncertainty, the limits display the correct intuitive behaviour.
description: Submitted to Physical Review D
Additional file 2 of Eribulin, Child-Pugh score, and liver-function tests: lessons from pivotal breast cancer studies 301 and 305
Creators: name: Macpherson, Iain R.
name: Yaohua He
name: Palmieri, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table S2. TEAEs occurring in >10% of patients in any group (safety population).
AGRICULTURAL PRICE VOLATILITY UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE: The Impact of Multiple Objectives on Commodity Prices
Creators: name: Fuss, Sabine
name: Havlik, Petr
name: Szolgayova, Jana
name: Obersteiner, Michael
name: Schmid, Erwin
name: Fuss, Sabine
name: Havlik, Petr
name: Szolgayova, Jana
name: Obersteiner, Michael
name: Schmid, Erwin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: energy
subject: food security
subject: food price volatility
subject: optimization under uncertainty

description: Agricultural price volatility has moved to the forefront of research efforts and political discussion, where much work is already being undertaken with respect to the impact of fluctuations in input prices (e.g. fertilizer, feed and energy). In this paper we also want to take into account the impact of climate change on prices via increased volatility in crop yields. In addition, we analyze the impact of having multiple objectives competing for the land on which crops are grown. In particular, we want to address the concerns that have been voiced about biofuel targets and calls for prioritization of food security.
Randomized trial comparing suture button with single 3.5 mm syndesmotic screw for ankle syndesmosis injury: similar results at 2 years
Creators: name: Raede, Benedikte Wendt
name: Stake, Ingrid Kvello
name: Madsen, Jan Erik
name: Frihagen, Frede
name: Jacobsen, Silje Berild
name: Andersen, Mette Renate
name: Wender Figved
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Background and purpose — Better outcomes are reported for suture button (SB) compared with syndesmotic screws (SS) in patients treated for an acute ankle syndesmotic injury. One reason could be that screws are more rigid than an SB. A single tricortical 3.5 mm syndesmotic screw (TS) is the most dynamic screw option. Our hypothesis is that 1 SB and 1 TS provide similar results. Therefore, in randomized controlled trial, we compared the results between SB and TS for syndesmotic stabilization in patients with acute syndesmosis injury. Patients and methods — 113 patients with acute syndesmotic injury were randomized to SB (n = 55) or TS (n = 58). The American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle–Hindfoot Score was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ), Olerud–Molander Ankle score (OMA), visual analogue scale (VAS), EuroQol- 5D (EQ-5D), radiologic results, range of motion, complications, and reoperations (no implants were routinely removed). CT scans of both ankles were obtained after surgery, and after 1 and 2 years. Results — The 2-year follow-up rate was 84%. At 2 years, median AOFAS score was 97 in both groups (IQR SB 87–100, IQR TS 90–100, p = 0.7), median MOXFQ index was 5 in the SB group and 3 in the TS group (IQR 0–18 vs. 0–8, p = 0.2), and median OMA score was 90 in the SB group and 100 in the TS group (IQR 75–100 vs. 83–100, p = 0.2). The syndesmotic reduction was similar 2 years after surgery; 19/55 patients in the SB group and 13/58 in the TS group had a difference in anterior syndesmotic width ≥ 2 mm (p = 0.3). 0 patients in the SB group and 5 patients in the TS group had complete tibiofibular synostosis (p = 0.03). At 2 years, 10 TS were broken. Complications and reoperations were similar between the groups. Interpretation — We found no clinically relevant differences regarding outcome scores between the groups. TS is an inexpensive alternative to SB.
Preparation of chitosan graft benzo-15-crown-5/non-woven fabric composite membrane for enhanced Pd2+ adsorptive separation
Creators: name: Wang, Mingxia
name: Li, Zhen
name: Li, Jixue
name: Yan, Feng
name: Zhang, Ting
name: Qin, Fengxia
name: Zhang, Jiahua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Marine Biology
Hematology

description: Based on the selectively complexing properties of crown ethers for metal ions, a chitosan-graft-benzo-15-crown-5 ether (CTS-g-B15C5)/non-woven fabric (NWF) composite membrane with sponge-like pore structure was prepared. A flow-through dynamic adsorption method was used to investigate the adsorptive separation performance for Pd2+. The thermodynamic analysis revealed that Pd2+ adsorption on the composite membrane was a spontaneous procedure in which the high temperature would benefit the adsorption. Moreover, the composite membrane showed excellent reusability after regeneration, and there was no obvious loss of adsorption amount after five cycles. Finally, the CTS-g-B15C5/NWF composite membrane retained high selectivity for Pd2+ in simulated nuclear wastewater.
Origins of elastic properties in ordered nanocomposites
Creators: name: Thompson, R. B.
name: Rasmussen, K. O.
name: Lookman, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict a diblock copolymer melt in the lamellar phase with added spherical nanoparticles that have an affinity for one block to have a lower tensile modulus than a pure diblock copolymer system. This weakening is due to the swelling of the lamellar domain by nanoparticles and the displacement of polymer by elastically inert fillers. Despite the overall decrease in the tensile modulus of a polydomain sample, the shear modulus for a single domain increases dramatically.
Three-loop form factors for Higgs boson pair production in the large top mass limit
Creators: name: Davies, Joshua
name: Steinhauser, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the virtual corrections to Higgs boson pair production at next-to-next-to-leading order, in the large top quark mass limit. We compute five expansion terms for the box-type form factors and eight expansion terms for the triangle form factor, which serve as useful input for the construction of approximations. We present analytic results for the form factors in the soft-virtual approximation. From a technical point of view the calculation is quite challenging since huge intermediate expressions are produced. We describe our methods and optimizations to overcome these difficulties, which might be useful for other calculations.
description: 23 pages
MOESM1 of Home parenteral nutrition with an omega-3-fatty-acid-enriched MCT/LCT lipid emulsion in patients with chronic intestinal failure (the HOME study): study protocol for a randomized, controlled, multicenter, international clinical trial
Creators: name: Klek, Stanislaw
name: CÃ©Cile Chambrier
name: Cooper, Sheldon
name: Gabe, Simon
name: Kunecki, Marek
name: Pironi, Loris
name: Rahman, Farooq
name: Sobocki, Jacek
name: Szczepanek, Kinga
name: Wanten, Geert
name: Lincke, Nicole
name: Glotzbach, Bernhard
name: Forbes, Alastair
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Secondary study variables.
Motional Quantum Ground State of a Levitated Nanoparticle from Room Temperature
Creators: name: Delić, Uroš
name: Reisenbauer, Manuel
name: Dare, Kahan
name: Grass, David
name: Vuletić, Vladan
name: Kiesel, Nikolai
name: Aspelmeyer, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report quantum ground state cooling of a levitated nanoparticle in a room temperature environment. Using coherent scattering into an optical cavity we cool the center of mass motion of a $143$ nm diameter silica particle by more than $7$ orders of magnitude to $n_x=0.43\pm0.03$ phonons along the cavity axis, corresponding to a temperature of $12~μ$K. We infer a heating rate of $Γ_x/2π= 21\pm 3$ kHz, which results in a coherence time of $7.6~μ$s -- or $15$ coherent oscillations -- while the particle is optically trapped at a pressure of $10^{-6}$ mbar. The inferred optomechanical coupling rate of $g_x/2π= 71$ kHz places the system well into the regime of strong cooperativity ($C \approx 5$). We expect that a combination of ultra-high vacuum with free-fall dynamics will allow to further expand the spatio-temporal coherence of such nanoparticles by several orders of magnitude, thereby opening up new opportunities for macrosopic quantum experiments.
description: Extended methodology
MOESM3 of Combining physical therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy techniques to improve balance confidence and community participation in people with unilateral transtibial amputation who use lower limb prostheses: a study protocol for a randomized sham-control clinical trial
Creators: name: Bourque, McKenzie
name: Schneider, Kristin
name: Calamari, John
name: Reddin, Christopher
name: Stachowiak, Aaron
name: Major, Matthew
name: Duncan, Chad
name: Muthukrishnan, Ranjini
name: Rosenblatt, Noah
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Additional file 3 of Eribulin, Child-Pugh score, and liver-function tests: lessons from pivotal breast cancer studies 301 and 305
Creators: name: Macpherson, Iain R.
name: Yaohua He
name: Palmieri, Carlo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Supplementary Table S3. TEAEs leading to dose modifications (reductions, delays, or interruptions) in patients with or without liver lesion involvement and by CTCAE grade (safety population).
Nucler star formation in NGC 6240
Creators: name: Pasquali, A.
name: Gallagher, J. S.
name: de Grijs, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have made use of archival HST BVIJH photometry to constrain the nature of the three discrete sources, A1, A2 and B1, identified in the double nucleus of NGC 6240. STARBURST99 models have been fitted to the observed colours, under the assumption, first, that these sources can be treated as star clusters (i.e. single, instantaneous episodes of star formation), and subsequently as star-forming regions (i.e. characterised by continuous star formation). For both scenarios, we estimate ages as young as 4 million years, integrated masses ranging between 7x10^6 Msun (B1) and 10^9 Msun (A1) and a rate of 1 supernova per year, which, together with the stellar winds, sustains a galactic wind of 44 Msun/yr. In the case of continuous star formation, a star-formation rate has been derived for A1 as high as 270 Msun/yr, similar to what is observed for warm Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs) with a double nucleus. The A1 source is characterised by a mass density of about 1200 Msun/pc^3 which resembles the CO molecular mass density measured in cold ULIRGs and the stellar density determined in ``elliptical core'' galaxies. This, together with the recent discovery of a supermassive binary black hole in the double nucleus of NGC 6240, might indicate that the ongoing merger could shape the galaxy into a core elliptical.
description: 14 pages, 5 postscript figures, accepted by A&A