cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Hippocampal Shape Asymmetry in Alzheimer's Disease Using Optimal Shape Correspondences
Creators: name: Zhu, Shen
name: Zawar, Ifrah
name: Kapur, Jaideep
name: Fletcher, P. Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is asymmetric and spatially inhomogeneous. While extensive work has been done on volume and shape analysis of atrophy of the hippocampus in AD, less attention has been given to hippocampal asymmetry specifically. Previous studies of hippocampal asymmetry are limited to global volume or shape measures, which don't localize shape asymmetry at the point level. In this paper, we propose to quantify localized shape asymmetry by optimizing point correspondences between left and right hippocampi within a subject, while simultaneously favoring a compact statistical shape model of the entire sample. To account for related variables that have impact on AD and healthy subject differences, we build linear models with other confounding factors. Our results on the OASIS3 dataset demonstrate that compared to using volumetric information, shape asymmetry reveals fine-grained, localized differences that indicate the hippocampal regions of most significant shape asymmetry in AD patients.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures Published in 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)
The Rupture Mode of the Shallow Large‐Slip Surge of the Tohoku‐Oki Earthquake
Creators: name: Scholz, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geology, Structural
subject: Seismology--Research
subject: Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami (Japan : 2011)
subject: Earthquakes
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Plate tectonics

description: The remarkable feature of the Mw 9.1 Tohoku-Oki earthquake of 2011 was a late, shallow, surge that propagated from about 12 km depth all the way to the trench. This surge had very large slip and was depleted in high-frequency radiation. It was followed by normal faulting in the outer wedge; this requires that the postsurge basal shear stress be close to zero. Explanations for the surge propagating through the velocity-strengthening region by a thermal weakening mechanism fail to produce the near-total stress drop required by the postseismic extension. The surge propagated in a region of material contrast across the plate interface. The combination of a strong nucleation pulse from down dip, velocity strengthening, and the bimaterial effect satisfies the conditions for wrinkle pulse propagation. A wrinkle pulse rupture mode can produce an instability by overcoming velocity strengthening with the normal stress reduction produced by the bimaterial effect. It also leads to total stress drop, satisfying the extension constraint and explaining the prodigious slip amplitude of the surge. Because the surfaces are detached in wrinkle pulse mode, asperity contact is reduced, which explains the dearth of high-frequency radiation during the surge. This behavior appears to be a common feature of many of the greatest subduction earthquakes.
Collective Modes and Nonlinear Acoustics in Superfluid 3He-B
Creators: name: McKenzie, Ross H.
name: Sauls, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the relationship of collisionless sound propagation and attenuation to the order parameter collective modes of superfluid 3He-B. These modes, which reflect the symmetries of the normal state as well as the broken gauge and relative rotational symmetries of the condensate, play a central role in the high-frequency acoustic response of the superfluid. We review the theory of acoustic spectroscopy based on the linear coupling of the J=2+/- modes. We develop the theory of the nonlinear acoustic response of superfluid 3He-B for the case of a three-wave resonance between two sound waves of different frequencies and the J=2+/- modes, as well as the generation of higher harmonic sound waves. The J=2+ modes couple nonlinearly to two zero-sound waves. The predictions for the nonlinear absorption and velocity anomalies resulting from the J=2+ modes depend on relatively well understood material properties of 3He.
description: 62 pages, 7 figures, with typographical corrections to the published version
PT-Symmetric Dimer of Coupled Nonlinear Oscillators
Creators: name: Cuevas, J.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Saxena, A.
name: Khare, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a systematic analysis of a prototypical nonlinear oscillator system respecting PT-symmetry i.e., one of them has gain and the other an equal and opposite amount of loss. Starting from the linear limit of the system, we extend considerations to the nonlinear case for both soft and hard cubic nonlinearities identifying symmetric and anti-symmetric breather solutions, as well as symmetry breaking variants thereof. We propose a reduction of the system to a Schrödinger type PT-symmetric dimer, whose detailed earlier understanding can explain many of the phenomena observed herein, including the PT phase transition. Nevertheless, there are also significant parametric as well as phenomenological potential differences between the two models and we discuss where these arise and where they are most pronounced. Finally, we also provide examples of the evolution dynamics of the different states in their regimes of instability.
title: Description of oceanographic conditions on the Northeast US Continental Shelf during 2016
Creators: name: Fratantoni, Paula S
name: Holzwarth-Davis, Tamara
name: Melrose, Donald C
name: Taylor, Maureen H
Publisher: name: Northeast Fisheries Science Center (U.S.)
Year: 2019

description: Northeast Fisheries Science Center reference document ; 19-07
Suzaku Studies of Luminosity-Dependent Changes in the Low-Mass X-ray Binary Aquila X-1
Creators: name: Sakurai, Soki
name: Torii, Shunsuke
name: Noda, Hirofumi
name: Zhang, Zhongli
name: Ono, Ko
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
name: Makishima, Kazuo
name: Takahashi, Hiromitsu
name: Yamada, Shinya
name: Matsuoka, Masaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85A04

description: The neutron-star Low-Mass X-ray Binary Aquila X-1 was observed by Suzaku for seven times, from 2007 September 28 to October 30. The observations successfully traced an outburst decay in which the source luminosity decreased almost monotonically from $\sim 10^{37}$ erg s$^{-1}$ to $\sim 10^{34}$ erg s$^{-1}$, by $\sim 3$ orders of magnitude. To investigate luminosity-dependent changes in the accretion geometry, five of the seven data sets with a typical exposure of $\sim 18$ ks each were analyzed; the other two were utilized in a previous work \citep{Sakurai2012}. The source was detected up to 100 keV in the 2nd to the 4th observations, to 40 keV in the 5th, and to 10 keV on the last two occasions. All spectra were reproduced successfully by Comptonized blackbody model with relatively high ($\gtrsim 2.0$) optical depths, plus an additional softer optically-thick component. The faintest three spectra were reproduced alternatively by a single Comptonized blackbody model with a relatively low ($\lesssim 0.8$) optical depth. The estimated radius of the blackbody emission, including seed photons for the Comptonization, was $10 \pm 2$ km at a 0.8--100 keV luminosity of $2.4\times 10^{36}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (the 2nd to the 4th observations). In contrast, it decreased to $7 \pm 1$ km and further to $3 \pm 1$ km, at a luminosity of $(4.8-5.2)\times 10^{35}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (the 5th observation) and $\sim 2\times 10^{34}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (the 6th and 7th), respectively, regardless of the above model ambiguity. This can be taken as evidence for the emergence of a weak magnetosphere of the neutron star.
description: PASJ in publish. 11 pages including 7 figures
Inverse monoids and immersions of 2-complexes
Creators: name: Meakin, John
name: Szakács, Nóra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M18 (Primary), 57M20 (Secondary)

description: It is well known that under mild conditions on a connected topological space $\mathcal X$, connected covers of $\mathcal X$ may be classified via conjugacy classes of subgroups of the fundamental group of $\mathcal X$. In this paper, we extend these results to the study of immersions into 2-dimensional CW-complexes. An immersion $f : {\mathcal D} \rightarrow \mathcal C$ between CW-complexes is a cellular map such that each point $y \in {\mathcal D}$ has a neighborhood $U$ that is mapped homeomorphically onto $f(U)$ by $f$. In order to classify immersions into a 2-dimensional CW-complex $\mathcal C$, we need to replace the fundamental group of $\mathcal C$ by an appropriate inverse monoid. We show how conjugacy classes of the closed inverse submonoids of this inverse monoid may be used to classify connected immersions into the complex.
Calibrating dimension reduction hyperparameters in the presence of noise
Creators: name: Lin, Justin
name: Fukuyama, Julia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The goal of dimension reduction tools is to construct a low-dimensional representation of high-dimensional data. These tools are employed for a variety of reasons such as noise reduction, visualization, and to lower computational costs. However, there is a fundamental issue that is discussed in other modeling problems that is often overlooked in dimension reduction -- overfitting. In the context of other modeling problems, techniques such as feature-selection, cross-validation, and regularization are employed to combat overfitting, but rarely are such precautions taken when applying dimension reduction. Prior applications of the two most popular non-linear dimension reduction methods, t-SNE and UMAP, fail to acknowledge data as a combination of signal and noise when assessing performance. These methods are typically calibrated to capture the entirety of the data, not just the signal. In this paper, we demonstrate the importance of acknowledging noise when calibrating hyperparameters and present a framework that enables users to do so. We use this framework to explore the role hyperparameter calibration plays in overfitting the data when applying t-SNE and UMAP. More specifically, we show previously recommended values for perplexity and n_neighbors are too small and overfit the noise. We also provide a workflow others may use to calibrate hyperparameters in the presence of noise.
description: 22 pages, 35 figures
Synergetic ferroelectricity and superconductivity in zero-density Dirac semimetals near quantum criticality
Creators: name: Kozii, Vladyslav
name: Klein, Avraham
name: Fernandes, Rafael M.
name: Ruhman, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study superconductivity in a three-dimensional zero-density Dirac semimetal in proximity to a ferroelectric quantum critical point. We find that the interplay of criticality, inversion-symmetry breaking, and Dirac dispersion gives rise to a robust superconducting state at the charge-neutrality point, where no Fermi surface is present. Using Eliashberg theory, we show that the ferroelectric quantum critical point is unstable against the formation of a ferroelectric density wave (FDW), whose fluctuations, in turn, lead to a first-order superconducting transition. Surprisingly, long-range superconducting and FDW orders are found to cooperate with each other, in contrast to the more usual scenario of phase competition. Therefore, we suggest that driving charge neutral Dirac materials, e.g., Pb$_x$Sn$_{1-x}$Te, through a ferroelectric quantum critical point may lead to superconductivity intertwined with FDW order.
description: 5+15 pages, 4+3 figures
Microfractures: A review
Creators: name: Anders, Mark H.
name: Laubach, Stephen E.
name: Scholz, Christopher H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Faults (Geology)
subject: Fluid inclusions
subject: Rocks--Fracture
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental sciences

description: Microfractures are small, high-aspect-ratio cracks in rock that result from application of differential stresses. Although the term has been used to refer to larger features in the petroleum engineering and geophysics literature, in geologic parlance the term refers to fractures visible only under magnification, having lengths of millimeters or less and widths generally less than 0.1 mm. Nevertheless, populations of these structures typically encompass a wide size range and in some cases they form the small-size fraction of fracture arrays that include much larger factures. In geologic settings, microfractures commonly form as Mode I (opening) fractures where the minimum principal stress exceeds the elastic tensile strength creating a narrow opening displacement; in isotropic rocks such fractures mark the plane perpendicular to the least compressive principal stress during fracture growth. These planar or curviplanar openings provide an opportunity for fluids and/or gases to enter the created cavity. Cement deposits or crack closure may trap fluids or gases, leaving mineral precipitates and a track of enclosed fluids and gases. In transmitted light these precipitates frequently manifest as fluid-inclusion planes (FIPs). Cathodoluminescence (CL) images show that many are cement-filled microveins. Microfractures can be used to assess the paleostress history or fluid movement history of a rock body. Also, because sudden opening produces acoustic emissions, microfractures created in the laboratory can be used to assess the rock-failure process. Here we review recent discoveries made using microfractures, including fracture patterns, strain, fracture growth and size-scaling, evolution of stresses around propagating faults (process zones), far-field tectonic stresses, and insights into the state of stress leading to earthquakes.
Improving Constraints on Inflation with CMB Delensing
Creators: name: Trendafilova, Cynthia
name: Hotinli, Selim C.
name: Meyers, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The delensing of cosmic microwave background (CMB) maps will be increasingly valuable for extracting as much information as possible from future CMB surveys. Delensing provides many general benefits, including sharpening of the acoustic peaks, more accurate recovery of the damping tail, and reduction of lensing-induced $B$-mode power. In this paper we present several applications of delensing focused on testing theories of early-universe inflation with observations of the CMB. We find that delensing the CMB results in improved parameter constraints for reconstructing the spectrum of primordial curvature fluctuations, probing oscillatory features in the primordial curvature spectrum, measuring the spatial curvature of the universe, and constraining several different models of isocurvature perturbations. In some cases we find that delensing can recover almost all of the constraining power contained in unlensed spectra, and it will be a particularly valuable analysis technique to achieve further improvements in constraints for model parameters whose measurements are not expected to improve significantly when utilizing only lensed CMB maps from next-generation CMB surveys. We also quantify the prospects of testing the single-field inflation tensor consistency condition using delensed CMB data; we find it to be out of reach of current and proposed experimental technology and advocate for alternative detection methods.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
Parallel Quantum Annealing
Creators: name: Pelofske, Elijah
name: Hahn, Georg
name: Djidjev, Hristo N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum annealers of D-Wave Systems, Inc., offer an efficient way to compute high quality solutions of NP-hard problems. This is done by mapping a problem onto the physical qubits of the quantum chip, from which a solution is obtained after quantum annealing. However, since the connectivity of the physical qubits on the chip is limited, a minor embedding of the problem structure onto the chip is required. In this process, and especially for smaller problems, many qubits will stay unused. We propose a novel method, called parallel quantum annealing, to make better use of available qubits, wherein either the same or several independent problems are solved in the same annealing cycle of a quantum annealer, assuming enough physical qubits are available to embed more than one problem. Although the individual solution quality may be slightly decreased when solving several problems in parallel (as opposed to solving each problem separately), we demonstrate that our method may give dramatic speed-ups in terms of Time-to-Solution (TTS) for solving instances of the Maximum Clique problem when compared to solving each problem sequentially on the quantum annealer. Additionally, we show that solving a single Maximum Clique problem using parallel quantum annealing reduces the TTS significantly.
description: 13 pages. v4: format improvements
Antique Chinese cloisonné
Creators: name: Swart, Paula
name: Till, Barry, 1951-
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cloisonné--Collectors and collecting
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/864562
subject: Handicraft
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/950959
subject: Exhibition catalogs
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1424028
subject: Metal-work
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1017786
subject: Cloisonné
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/864561
subject: Exhibitions
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/918097
subject: Art Gallery of Greater Victoria
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/510434
subject: Art
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/815177

description: An exhibition of antique Chinese cloisonné with examples from the 15th to 19th centuries. Designed and printed in Canada by Morriss Printing Company Ltd. Victoria British Columbia. -- Photographs by Trevor Mills.
A Modified Cosmic Brane Proposal for Holographic Renyi Entropy
Creators: name: Dong, Xi
name: Kudler-Flam, Jonah
name: Rath, Pratik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new formula for computing holographic Renyi entropies in the presence of multiple extremal surfaces. Our proposal is based on computing the wave function in the basis of fixed-area states and assuming a diagonal approximation for the Renyi entropy. For Renyi index $n\geq1$, our proposal agrees with the existing cosmic brane proposal for holographic Renyi entropy. For $n<1$, however, our proposal predicts a new phase with leading order (in Newton's constant $G$) corrections to the cosmic brane proposal, even far from entanglement phase transitions and when bulk quantum corrections are unimportant. Recast in terms of optimization over fixed-area states, the difference between the two proposals can be understood to come from the order of optimization: for $n<1$, the cosmic brane proposal is a minimax prescription whereas our proposal is a maximin prescription. We demonstrate the presence of such leading order corrections using illustrative examples. In particular, our proposal reproduces existing results in the literature for the PSSY model and high-energy eigenstates, providing a universal explanation for previously found leading order corrections to the $n<1$ Renyi entropies.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, lemma added and theorem strengthened in v2, minor wording changes and footnote in v3
K and Mn co-doped BaCd2As2: a hexagonal structured bulk diluted magnetic semiconductor with large magnetoresistance
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaojun
name: Li, Yuke
name: Zhang, Pan
name: Jiang, Hao
name: Luo, Yongkang
name: Chen, Qian
name: Feng, Chunmu
name: Cao, Chao
name: Dai, Jianhui
name: Tao, Qian
name: Cao, Guanghan
name: Xu, Zhu-an
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A bulk diluted magnetic semiconductor was found in the K and Mn co-doped BaCd2As2 system. Different from recently reported tetragonal ThCr2Si2-structured II-II-V based(Ba,K)(Zn,Mn)2As2, the Ba1-yKyCd2-xMnxAs2 system has a hexagonal CaAl2Si2-type structure with the Cd2As2 layer forming a honeycomb-like network. The Mn concentration reaches up to its x ? 0.4. Magnetization measurements show that the samples undergo ferromagnetic transitions with Curie temperature up to 16 K. With low coercive field less than 10 Oe and large magnetoresistence of about -70%, the hexagonal structured Ba1-yKyCd2-xMnxAs2 can be served as a promising candidate for spin manipulations.
description: 5 pages,4 figures.accepted for publication in JAP
title: Blood Ore
Creators: name: Flick, Jeremy Alan
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2019

description: While the great poet, James Whitcomb Riley, a native poet from my hometown of Greenfield, has a strong sense of Indiana and his Hoosier-ness. I compare myself to Whitcomb Riley, only in the sense of place, because my understanding of poetry was shaped around his work growing up in Hancock County. I am personally influenced by other poets such as Sylvia Plath, Walt Whitman, and James Wright in style and in content. My poetry contains a mixture of confessionalism and pastoral poems and doesn’t shy away from critiquing every aspect of place, family, and mental illness. These intersecting ideals and styles (confessional and pastoral in fixed forms/free-verse) place me at a crossroads of my own, where navigating my position within these frameworks alters my view of the Midwest and how a mental illness may, in fact, be worse off because of the isolation, dissociation, and perception.
description: Copyright © Jeremy Alan Flick 2019
Chromatic Dynamics of an Electron Beam in a Plasma Based Accelerator
Creators: name: Ariniello, R.
name: Doss, C. E.
name: Lee, V.
name: Hansel, C.
name: Cary, J. R.
name: Litos, M. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theoretical investigation of the chromatic dynamics of the witness beam within a plasma based accelerator. We derive the single particle motion of an electron in an ion column within a nonlinear, blowout wake including adiabatic dampening and adiabatic variations in plasma density. Using this, we calculate the evolution of the beam moments and emittance for an electron beam. Our model can handle near arbitrary longitudinal phase space distributions. We include the effects of energy change in the beam, imperfect wake loading, initial transverse offsets of the beam, and mismatch between the beam and plasma. We use our model to derive analytic saturation lengths for the projected, longitudinal slice, and energy slice emittance under different beam loading conditions. Further, we show that the centroid oscillations and spot sizes vary between the slices and the variation depends strongly on the beam loading. Next, we show how a beam evolves in a full plasma source with density ramps and show that the integral of the plasma density along the ramp determines the impact on the beam. Finally, we derive several simple scaling laws that show how to design a plasma based injector to produce a target beam energy and energy spread.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures
Rapid intensification and the bimodal distribution of tropical cyclone intensity
Creators: name: Lee, Chia Ying
name: Tippett, Michael K.
name: Sobel, Adam H.
name: Camargo, Suzana J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Weather forecasting
Tropical meteorology
Cyclones
Environmental sciences
Meteorology
Atmosphere

description: The severity of a tropical cyclone (TC) is often summarized by its lifetime maximum intensity (LMI), and the climatological LMI distribution is a fundamental feature of the climate system. The distinctive bimodality of the LMI distribution means that major storms (LMI >96 kt) are not very rare compared with less intense storms. Rapid intensification (RI) is the dramatic strengthening of a TC in a short time, and is notoriously difficult to forecast or simulate. Here we show that the bimodality of the LMI distribution reflects two types of storms: those that undergo RI during their lifetime (RI storms) and those that do not (non-RI storms). The vast majority (79%) of major storms are RI storms. Few non-RI storms (6%) become major storms. While the importance of RI has been recognized in weather forecasting, our results demonstrate that RI also plays a crucial role in the TC climatology.
QCD Axion Kinetic Misalignment without Prejudice
Creators: name: Barman, Basabendu
name: Bernal, Nicolás
name: Ramberg, Nicklas
name: Visinelli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The axion field, the angular direction of the complex scalar field associated with the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry, could have originated with initial non-zero velocity. The presence of a non-zero angular velocity resulting from additional terms in the potential that explicitly break the PQ symmetry has important phenomenological consequences such as a modification of the axion mass with respect to the conventional PQ framework or an explanation for the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry. We elaborate further on the consequences of the "kinetic misalignment" mechanism, assuming that axions form the entirety of the dark matter abundance. The kinetic misalignment mechanism possesses a {\it weak} limit in which the axion field starts to oscillate at the same temperature as in the conventional PQ framework, and a {\it strong} limit corresponding to large initial velocities which effectively delay the onset of oscillations. Following a UV-agnostic approach, we show how this scenario impacts the formation of axion miniclusters, and we sketch the details of these substructures along with potential detecting signatures.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, 1 table, version accpeted for publication in Universe
Operational Interpretation of Quantum Fisher Information in Quantum Thermodynamics
Creators: name: Marvian, Iman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of quantum thermodynamics preparing a quantum system in a general state requires the consumption of two distinct resources, namely, work and coherence. It has been shown that the work cost of preparing a quantum state is determined by its free energy. Considering a similar setting, here we determine the coherence cost of preparing a general state when there are no restrictions on work consumption. More precisely, the coherence cost is defined as the minimum rate of consumption of systems in a pure coherent state, that is needed to prepare copies of the desired system. We show that the coherence cost of any system is determined by its quantum Fisher information about the time parameter, hence introducing a new operational interpretation of this central quantity of quantum metrology. Our resource-theoretic approach also reveals a previously unnoticed connection between two fundamental properties of quantum Fisher information.
description: 5 pages+24 pages of Supplementary Material. Some results were previously included in version 1 of arXiv:1805.01989 [quant-ph]
Antarctic ice rises and rumples: Their properties and significance for ice-sheet dynamics and evolution
Creators: name: Matsuoka, Kenichi
name: Hindmarsh, Richard C. A.
name: Moholdt, Geir
name: Bentley, Michael J.
name: Pritchard, Hamish D.
name: Brown, Joel
name: Conway, Howard
name: Drews, Reinhard
name: Durand, Gaël
name: Goldberg, Daniel
name: Hattermann, Tore
name: Kingslake, Jonathan
name: Lenaerts, Jan T. M.
name: Martín, Carlos
name: Mulvaney, Robert
name: Nicholls, Keith W.
name: Pattyn, Frank
name: Ross, Neil
name: Scambos, Ted A.
name: Whitehouse, Pippa L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ice--Dynamics
subject: Glaciology
subject: Ice sheets
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Hydrology

description: Locally grounded features in ice shelves, called ice rises and rumples, play a key role buttressing discharge from the Antarctic Ice Sheet and regulating its contribution to sea level. Ice rises typically rise several hundreds of meters above the surrounding ice shelf; shelf flow is diverted around them. On the other hand, shelf ice flows across ice rumples, which typically rise only a few tens of meters above the ice shelf. Ice rises contain rich histories of deglaciation and climate that extend back over timescales ranging from a few millennia to beyond the last glacial maximum. Numerical model results have shown that the buttressing effects of ice rises and rumples are signifi- cant, but details of processes and how they evolve remain poorly understood. Fundamental information about the conditions and processes that cause transitions between floating ice shelves, ice rises and ice rumples is needed in order to assess their impact on ice-sheet behavior. Targeted high-resolution observational data are needed to evaluate and improve prognostic numerical models and parameterizations of the effects of small-scale pinning points on grounding-zone dynamics.
The In Situ Signature of Cyclotron Resonant Heating
Creators: name: Bowen, Trevor A.
name: Chandran, Benjmin D. G.
name: Squire, Jonathan
name: Bale, Stuart D.
name: Duan, Die
name: Klein, Kristopher G.
name: Larson, Davin
name: Mallet, Alfred
name: McManus, Michael D.
name: Meyrand, Romain
name: Verniero, Jaye L.
name: Woodham, Lloyd D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dissipation of magnetized turbulence is an important paradigm for describing heating and energy transfer in astrophysical environments such as the solar corona and wind; however, the specific collisionless processes behind dissipation and heating remain relatively unconstrained by measurements. Remote sensing observations have suggested the presence of strong temperature anisotropy in the solar corona consistent with cyclotron resonant heating. In the solar wind, in situ magnetic field measurements reveal the presence of cyclotron waves, while measured ion velocity distribution functions have hinted at the active presence of cyclotron resonance. Here, we present Parker Solar Probe observations that connect the presence of ion-cyclotron waves directly to signatures of resonant damping in observed proton-velocity distributions. We show that the observed cyclotron wave population coincides with both flattening in the phase space distribution predicted by resonant quasilinear diffusion and steepening in the turbulent spectra at the ion-cyclotron resonant scale. In measured velocity distribution functions where cyclotron resonant flattening is weaker, the distributions are nearly uniformly subject to ion-cyclotron wave damping rather than emission, indicating that the distributions can damp the observed wave population. These results are consistent with active cyclotron heating in the solar wind.
Amaurodera atra ASSING 2019
Creators: name: Assing, Volker
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae
Amaurodera
Amaurodera atra

description: Amaurodera atra ASSING, 2019 M a t e r i a l e x a m i n e d PHILIPPINES: 10♂♂, 5♀♀, Mindanao, Araibo, Pantukan, Compostela Valley, Candalaga Mts., 7°16'35''N, 126°10'13''E, 900 m, 4.V.2019, leg. Shavrin (cAss); 1♀, Mindanao, Davao province, Mt. Talomo (Apo Mts.), 7°04'41''N, 125°20'08''E, 1200- 1300 m, 27-28.IV.2019, leg. Shavrin (cAss). C o m m e n t: The original description of this recently described species is based on material from two localities in Southeast Mindanao.
description: Published as part of Assing, Volker, 2019, Four new species and additional records of Lomechusini from Mindanao, Philippines (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae), pp. 789-802 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 51 (2) on page 790, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5113804
description: {"references": ["ASSING V. (2019): On the Lomechusini fauna of the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions. XXVI. New species, a new synonymy, and additional records (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae). - Contributions to Entomology 69 (1): 33 - 70."]}
Dynamical evolution and chronology of the Hygiea asteroid family
Creators: name: Carruba, V.
name: Domingos, R. C.
name: Huaman, M. E.
name: Santos, C. R. dos
name: Souami, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The asteroid (10) Hygiea is the fourth largest asteroid of the Main Belt, by volume and mass, and it is the largest member of its own family. Previous works investigated the long-term effects of close encounters with (10) Hygiea of asteroids in the orbital region of the family, and analyzed the taxonomical and dynamical properties of members of this family. In this paper we apply the high-quality SDSS-MOC4 taxonomic scheme of DeMeo and Carry (2013) to members of the Hygiea family core and halo, we obtain an estimate of the minimum time and number of encounter necessary to obtain a $3σ$ (or 99.7%) compatible frequency distribution function of changes in proper $a$ caused by close encounters with (10) Hygiea, we study the behavior of asteroids near secular resonance configurations, in the presence and absence of the Yarkovsky force, and obtain a first estimate of the age of the family based on orbital diffusion by the Yarkovsky and YORP effects with two methods. The Hygiea family is at least 2 Byr old, with an estimated age of $T = 3200^{+380}_{-120}$ Myr and a relatively large initial ejection velocity field, according to the approach of Vokrouhlický et al. (2006a, b). Surprisingly, we found that the family age can be shortened by $\simeq$ 25% if the dynamical mobility caused by close encounters with (10) Hygiea is also accounted for, which opens interesting new research lines for the dynamical evolution of families associated with massive bodies. In our taxonomical analysis of the Hygiea asteroid family, we also identified a new V-type candidate: the asteroid (177904) (2005 SV5). If confirmed, this could be the fourth V-type object ever to be identified in the outer main belt.
description: 13 page, 15 figures, and 4 tables
Dropout is all you need: robust two-qubit gate with reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Xu, Tian-Niu
name: Ding, Yongcheng
name: Martín-Guerrero, José D.
name: Chen, Xi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the realm of quantum control, reinforcement learning, a prominent branch of machine learning, emerges as a competitive candidate for computer-assisted optimal design for experiments. This study investigates the extent to which guidance from human experts is necessary for the effective implementation of reinforcement learning in designing quantum control protocols. Specifically, we focus on the engineering of a robust two-qubit gate within a nuclear magnetic resonance system, utilizing a combination of analytical solutions as prior knowledge and techniques from the field of computer science. Through extensive benchmarking of different models, we identify dropout, a widely-used method for mitigating overfitting in machine learning, as an especially robust approach. Our findings demonstrate the potential of incorporating computer science concepts to propel the development of advanced quantum technologies.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Silicon Photonic Architecture for Training Deep Neural Networks with Direct Feedback Alignment
Creators: name: Filipovich, Matthew J.
name: Guo, Zhimu
name: Al-Qadasi, Mohammed
name: Marquez, Bicky A.
name: Morison, Hugh D.
name: Sorger, Volker J.
name: Prucnal, Paul R.
name: Shekhar, Sudip
name: Shastri, Bhavin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been growing interest in using photonic processors for performing neural network inference operations; however, these networks are currently trained using standard digital electronics. Here, we propose on-chip training of neural networks enabled by a CMOS-compatible silicon photonic architecture to harness the potential for massively parallel, efficient, and fast data operations. Our scheme employs the direct feedback alignment training algorithm, which trains neural networks using error feedback rather than error backpropagation, and can operate at speeds of trillions of multiply-accumulate (MAC) operations per second while consuming less than one picojoule per MAC operation. The photonic architecture exploits parallelized matrix-vector multiplications using arrays of microring resonators for processing multi-channel analog signals along single waveguide buses to calculate the gradient vector for each neural network layer in situ. We also experimentally demonstrate training deep neural networks with the MNIST dataset using on-chip MAC operation results. Our novel approach for efficient, ultra-fast neural network training showcases photonics as a promising platform for executing AI applications.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
Design of coherent quantum observers for linear quantum systems
Creators: name: Vuglar, Shanon L.
name: Amini, Hadis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum versions of control problems are often more difficult than their classical counterparts because of the additional constraints imposed by quantum dynamics. For example, the quantum LQG and quantum H infinity optimal control problems remain open. To make further progress, new, systematic and tractable methods need to be developed. This paper gives three algorithms for designing coherent observers, i.e., quantum systems that are connected to a quantum plant and their outputs provide information about the internal state of the plant. Importantly, coherent observers avoid measurements of the plant outputs. We compare our coherent observers with a classical (measurement-based) observer by way of an example involving an optical cavity with thermal and vacuum noises as inputs.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures
Coral δ18O evidence for Pacific Ocean mediated decadal variability in Panamanian ITCZ rainfall back to the early 1700s
Creators: name: Brenner, Logan
name: Linsley, Braddock
name: Dunbar, Robert B.
name: Wellington, Gerard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Paleoceanography
subject: Corals
subject: Paleoclimatology
subject: Chemical oceanography
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Climatic changes
subject: Geochemistry

description: In Central America, seasonal and interannual shifts in the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) control the hydrologic budget. To better understand long-term changes in regional ITCZ-driven precipitation we re-examined a coral δ18O record from a Porites lobata coral head near Secas Island (Core ID: S1) (7°59′ N, 82°3′ W) in the Gulf of Chiriquí on the Pacific side of Panamá. Linsley et al., (1994) originally published the 277-year time series and first described the presence of a narrow-band decadal cycle (period near 9–12 years) in δ18O. The original study did not present potential drivers for the decadal cycle, although they ruled out the influence of the sun spot cycle. Our re-analysis of this record supports the original interpretation that coral δ18O is largely responding to variations in precipitation and associated river discharge, but with a new proposed mechanism to explain the decadal mode. There is no similar decadal cycle in gridded instrumental sea surface temperature from the area, suggesting that the decadal coral δ18O signal results from hydrologic changes that influence coastal δ18O seawater. The decadal component in S1 δ18O is also coherent with a decadal mode embedded in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) Index that we suggest has tropical origins. We speculate that the coral's temporary δ18O deviation (1900–1930) in the decadal mode from the corresponding bands in rainfall and the PDO can be ascribed to a weak PDO in addition to local Panama gap wind variability and its effect on moisture transport from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Ultimately, the Secas Island coral δ18O series records ITCZ-driven precipitation dictated by both the Atlantic and Pacific basins.
BOLALARGA TIL OʻRGATISH JARAYONI UCHUN KERAKLI METOD
Creators: name: Shuxratova Parvinabonu Shuxrat qizi Samarqand davlat chet tillar instituti 2- bosqich talabasi
name: Ilmiy raxbar: Sh.O.Mamayoqubova
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description:           ANNOTASIYA. Til oʻrganish jarayonida bir xil rejimda davom etish oʻrganish jarayonida zerikish va turli qiyinchiliklarni keltirib chiqarishi mumkin bu esa oʻrganishga boʻlgan qiziqishni ham yoʻqotishi mumkin. Bu vaziyatni bartaraf etishda esa dars mobaynida turli metodlardan foydalanish foydali boʻladi.  TPR ( "Jismoniy javob" deb ham yuritiladi) metodi, "Amalga oshirish orqali oʻrganish" kabi metodlar shu kabi muammolarni bartaraf etishda samara beradi.
    Kalit soʻzlar: TPR, oʻquvchi, metod, oʻqituvchi, buyruq, dars jarayoni, amalga oshirish orqali oʻrganish
            АННОТАЦИЯ. Продолжение в одном и том же режиме в процессе изучения языка может привести к скуке и различным трудностям в процессе обучения, что также может привести к потере интереса к обучению. Чтобы устранить эту ситуацию, полезно использовать на уроке разные методы. Такие методы, как TPR (также известный как «Физический ответ») и «Обучение действием», эффективны в преодолении таких проблем.
 Ключевые слова: ТПР, студент, метод, преподаватель, инструкция, учебный процесс, обучение на практике.
           ABSTRACT. Continuing in the same mode during the language learning process can lead to boredom and various difficulties in the learning process, which can also lead to loss of interest in learning. To eliminate this situation, it is useful to use different methods during the lesson. Methods such as TPR (also known as "Physical Response") and "Learning by Doing" are effective in overcoming such problems.
   Key words: TPR, student, method, teacher, instruction, teaching process, learning by doing
Golden rhythms as a theoretical framework for cross-frequency organization
Creators: name: Kramer, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 92-08, 94-10

description: While brain rhythms appear fundamental to brain function, why brain rhythms consistently organize into the small set of discrete frequency bands observed remains unknown. Here we propose that rhythms separated by factors of the golden ratio ($ϕ=(1+ \sqrt{5})/2$) optimally support segregation and cross-frequency integration of information transmission in the brain. Organized by the golden ratio, pairs of transient rhythms support multiplexing by reducing interference between separate communication channels, and triplets of transient rhythms support integration of signals to establish a hierarchy of cross-frequency interactions. We illustrate this framework in simulation and apply this framework to propose four hypotheses.
description: 7 figures
The dynamics and excitation of torsional waves in geodynamo simulations
Creators: name: Teed, Robert J.
name: Jones, Chris A.
name: Tobias, Steven M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predominant force balance in rapidly rotating planetary cores is between Coriolis, pressure, buoyancy and Lorentz forces. This magnetostrophic balance leads to a Taylor state where the spatially averaged azimuthal Lorentz force is compelled to vanish on cylinders aligned with the rotation axis. Any deviation from this state leads to a torsional oscillation, signatures of which have been observed in the Earth's secular variation and are thought to influence length of day variations via angular momentum conservation. In order to investigate the dynamics of torsional oscillations, we perform several three-dimensional dynamo simulations in a spherical shell. We find torsional oscillations, identified by their propagation at the correct Alfvén speed, in many of our simulations. We find that the frequency, location and direction of propagation of the waves are influenced by the choice of parameters. Torsional waves are observed within the tangent cylinder and also have the ability to pass through it. Several of our simulations display waves with core travel times of 4 to 6 years. We calculate the driving terms for these waves and find that both the Reynolds force and ageostrophic convection acting through the Lorentz force are important in driving torsional oscillations.