cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Percent error of ultrasound examination to estimate fetal weight at term in different categories of birth weight with focus on maternal diabetes and obesity
Creators: name: Dittkrist, Luisa
name: Vetterlein, Julia
name: Henrich, Wolfgang
name: Ramsauer, Babett
name: Schlembach, Dietmar
name: Abou-Dakn, Michael
name: Gembruch, Ulrich
name: Schild, Ralf L.
name: Duewal, Antonia
name: Schaefer-Graf, Ute M.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Estimated Fetal Weight
subject: Percent Error
subject: Birth Weight
subject: Accuracy
subject: Diabetes
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Sonography based estimate of fetal weight is a considerable issue for delivery planning. The study evaluated the influence of diabetes, obesity, excess weight gain, fetal and neonatal anthropometrics on accuracy of estimated fetal weight with respect to the extent of the percent error of estimated fetal weight to birth weight for different categories. Methods: Multicenter retrospective analysis from 11,049 term deliveries and fetal ultrasound biometry performed within 14 days to delivery. Estimated fetal weight was calculated by Hadlock IV. Percent error from birth weight was determined for categories in 250 g increments between 2500 g and 4500 g. Estimated fetal weight accuracy was categorized as accurate <= 10% of birth weight, under- and overestimated by > +/- 10% - +/- 20% and > 20%. Results: Diabetes was diagnosed in 12.5%, obesity in 12.6% and weight gain exceeding IOM recommendation in 49.1% of the women. The percentage of accurate estimated fetal weight was not significantly different in the presence of maternal diabetes (70.0% vs. 71.8%, p = 0.17), obesity (69.6% vs. 71.9%, p = 0.08) or excess weight gain (71.2% vs. 72%, p = 0.352) but of preexisting diabetes (61.1% vs. 71.7%; p = 0.007) that was associated with the highest macrosomia rate (26.9%). Mean percent error of estimated fetal weight from birth weight was 2.39% +/- 9.13%. The extent of percent error varied with birth weight with the lowest numbers for 3000 g-3249 g and increasing with the extent of birth weight variation: 5% +/- 11% overestimation in the lowest and 12% +/- 8% underestimation in the highest ranges. Conclusion: Diabetes, obesity and excess weight gain are not necessarily confounders of estimated fetal weight accuracy. Percent error of estimated fetal weight is closely related to birth weight with clinically relevant over- and underestimation at both extremes. This work provides detailed data regarding the extent of percent error for different birth weight categories and may therefore improve delivery planning.
Εκπαίδευση και κοινωνική αλλαγή στην παιδαγωγική σκέψη στην ΕΣΣΔ των δεκαετιών 1920 – 1930
Creators: name: Κουλαουζίδου Βαρβάρα – Μαρία  Χαραλάμπους
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2023
Subjects: σοβιετική παιδαγωγική
Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση
πολυτεχνική εκπαίδευση
soviet pedagogy
October Revolution
polytechnic education

description: Σκοπό της εργασίας αποτελεί η μελέτη των βασικών ιδεών της σοβιετικής παιδαγωγικής σκέψης για την περίοδο 1920 – 1930, σε συνάρτηση με τα κοινωνικά ιδεώδη και τους στόχους που προέταξε η Οκτωβριανή Επανάσταση του 1917 και το σοβιετικό καθεστώς που προέκυψε από αυτή. Στο πρώτο μέρος, η έρευνα επικεντρώνεται στον τύπο προσωπικότητας που έθετε ως στόχο της εκπαίδευσης η σοβιετική παιδαγωγική. Κατόπιν, επιχειρείται η διερεύνηση των βασικών σοβιετικών παιδαγωγών για τον άνθρωπο και την κοινωνία καθώς και για τον τρόπο με τον οποίο η εκπαίδευση δύναται να συμβάλλει στην κοινωνική αλλαγή. Έμφαση δίνεται στο έργο της Κρούπσκαγια, του Μακάρενκο και του Μπλόνσκι προκειμένου το ζήτημα της σοβιετικής παιδαγωγικής κατά τα πρώτα μετεπαναστατικά χρόνια να φωτιστεί πολύπλευρα
description: The aim of this paper is to study the basic ideas of Soviet pedagogical thought for the period 1920 – 1930, in relation to the social ideals and goals proposed by the October Revolution of 1917 and the Soviet regime that emerged from it. In the first part, the research addresses the type of personality that Soviet pedagogy set as the goal of education. Following this, the research attempts to explore key Soviet educators' views on man and society and how education can contribute to social change. Emphasis is placed on the work of Krupskaya, Makarenko and Blonsky in order to shed light on the issue of Soviet pedagogy in the early post-revolutionary years
Matching microlensing events with X-ray sources
Creators: name: Sartore, N.
name: Treves, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection of old neutron stars and black holes in isolation is one of the cornerstones of compact object astrophysics. Microlensing surveys may help on this purpose since the lensing mechanism is independent of the emission properties of the lens. Indeed, several black hole candidates deriving through microlensing observations have been reported in the literature. The identification of counterparts, especially in the X-rays, would be a strong argument in favor of the compact nature of these lenses. We perform a cross-correlation between the catalogs of microlensing events by the OGLE, MACHO and MOA teams, and those of X-rays sources from XMM-Newton and Chandra satellites. Based on our previous work, we select only microlensing events longer than 100 days, which should contain a large fraction of lenses as compact objects. Our matching criterion takes into account the positional coincidence in the sky. We find a single match between a microlensing event OGLE 2004-BLG-81 and the X-ray source 2XMM J180540.5-273427. The angular separation is \sim 0.5 arc-seconds, well inside the 90% error box of the X-ray source. The hardness ratios reported in the 2XMM catalog suggest a hard spectrum with a peak between 2 and 4.5 keV or a softer but highly absorbed source. Moreover the microlensing event is not fully constrained, and possible association with a flaring CV or a RS CVn star have been suggested as well. The small angular separation is a strong indicator that 2XMM J180540.5-273427 is the X-ray counterpart of the OGLE event. However, the uncertainties on both the nature of lensed system and the lens itself challenge the interpretation of 2XMM J180540.5-273427 as the first confirmed isolated black hole identified so far. In any case, it probes the diagnostic capacity of microlensing surveys and open the path for further identifications of black hole or neutron star candidates.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Design, delivery, and determinants of uptake: findings from a food hygiene behavior change intervention in rural Bangladesh
Creators: name: Sobhan, Shafinaz
name: Müller-Hauser, Anna A.
name: Huda, Tarique Md. Nurul
name: Waid, Jillian L.
name: Gautam, Om Prasad
name: Gon, Giorgia
name: Wendt, Amanda S.
name: Gabrysch, Sabine
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Child feeding
subject: Behavior adoption
subject: Implementation
subject: Emotional driver
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Microbial food contamination, although a known contributor to diarrheal disease and highly prevalent in low-income settings, has received relatively little attention in nutrition programs. Therefore, to address the critical pathway from food contamination to infection to child undernutrition, we adapted and integrated an innovative food hygiene intervention into a large-scale nutrition-sensitive agriculture trial in rural Bangladesh. In this article, we describe the intervention, analyze participation and uptake of the promoted food hygiene behaviors among intervention households, and examine the underlying determinants of behavior adoption. Methods: The food hygiene intervention employed emotional drivers, engaging group activities, and household visits to improve six feeding and food hygiene behaviors. The program centered on an 'ideal family' competition. Households' attendance in each food hygiene session was documented. Uptake of promoted behaviors was assessed by project staff on seven 'ideal family' indicators using direct observations of practices and spot checks of household hygiene conditions during household visits. We used descriptive analysis and mixed-effect logistic regression to examine changes in household food hygiene practices and to identify determinants of uptake. Results: Participation in the food hygiene intervention was high with more than 75% attendance at each session. Hygiene behavior practices increased from pre-intervention with success varying by behavior. Safe storage and fresh preparation or reheating of leftover foods were frequently practiced, while handwashing and cleaning of utensils was practiced by fewer participants. In total, 496 of 1275 participating households (39%) adopted at least 5 of 7 selected practices in all three assessment rounds and were awarded 'ideal family' titles at the end of the intervention. Being an 'ideal family' winner was associated with high participation in intervention activities [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 11.4, 95% CI: 5.2-24.9], highest household wealth [AOR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.4-3.6] and secondary education of participating women [AOR: 2.2, 95% CI: 1.4-3.4]. Conclusion: This intervention is an example of successful integration of a behavior change food hygiene component into an existing large-scale trial and achieved satisfactory coverage. Future analysis will show if the intervention was able to sustain improved behaviors over time and decrease food contamination and infection.
Fetal adverse effects following NSAID or metamizole exposure in the 2nd and 3rd trimester: an evaluation of the German Embryotox cohort
Creators: name: Dathe, Katarina
name: Frank, Johanna
name: Padberg, Stephanie
name: Hultzsch, Stefanie
name: Beck, Evelin
name: Schaefer, Christof
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Anti-inflammatory agents
subject: non-steroidal [Mesh]
subject: Pregnancy trimester
subject: second [MeSH]
subject: third [MeSH]
subject: Fetus [Mesh]
subject: Ductus arteriosus [MeSH]
subject: Closure of ductus arteriosus Botalli
subject: Stillbirth [Mesh]
subject: Oligohydramnios [MeSH]
subject: Renal insufficiency [MeSH]
subject: Persistent fetal circulation syndrome [Mesh]
subject: Ductus arteriosus
subject: patent [MeSH]
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are frequently used to treat pain, fever and inflammatory conditions. Due to evidenced fetotoxicity, treatment with NSAID and metamizole should be avoided in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. There is an ongoing debate on fetotoxic risk of 2nd trimester use which is why we have conducted this study. Methods: In this observational cohort study outcome of pregnancies with NSAID and/or metamizole exposure in the 2nd and/or 3rd trimester (study cohort n = 1092) was compared with pregnancies exposed to NSAID and/or metamizole in the 1st trimester only (comparison cohort, n = 1154). The WHO-UMC system was used to assess causality between study medication and study endpoints. Prenatal study endpoints were constriction of ductus arteriosus Botalli, oligohydramnios, late spontaneous abortion (SAB) or stillbirth. Postnatal study endpoints were patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), anomalies of the right heart ventricle, primary pulmonary hypertension (PPHT), and neonatal impairment of kidney function. Results: Ductus arteriosus constriction was diagnosed in 5/1092 (0.5%) in the study cohort versus 0/1154 pregnancies in the comparison cohort. In one fetus, ductus arteriosus constriction and oligohydramnios occurred already in the late 2nd trimester after long-term NSAID exposure. Oligohydramnios was diagnosed in 41/1092 (3.8%) in the study cohort versus 29/1154 (2.5%) cases in the comparison cohort [RR, 1.5 (95% CI 0.9-2.4)]. Limited to 2nd trimester, oligohydramnios occurred in 8/904 (0.9%) versus 2/1154 (0.2%) pregnancies [RR, 5.1 (95% CI 1.1-24.0)]. At least in four of the 2nd trimester exposed pregnancies NSAID exposure lasted several weeks. Late SAB or stillbirth occurred in 14/1092 (1.3%) versus 17/1154 (1.5%). Postnatal cardiovascular or renal pathology did not differ between the cohorts. Conclusions: NSAID use in the 2nd trimester limited to a few days does not appear to pose a relevant risk. Use for longer periods in the advanced 2nd trimester, however, may cause oligohydramnios and ductus arteriosus constriction similar to effects observed after 3rd trimester use.
Measurement of the ttbar production cross section in the fully hadronic decay channel in pp collisions at 7 TeV
Creators: name: Tropiano, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first measurement of the top quark pair production cross section in the fully hadronic channel at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt s = 7$ TeV is presented. The measurement has been performed using an integrated luminosity of 1.09 fb$^{-1}$, collected with the CMS detector. The reconstruction of the $t\bar t$ candidates is performed after a cut-based event selection using a kinematic fit. A data-driven technique is used to estimate the dominant background from QCD multijet production. The cross section is determined from a fit to the top quark mass. The cross section measurement yields $σ(t\bar t)=136 \pm 20 (stat.) \pm 40 (sys.) \pm 8 (lumi.)$ pb. This result is consistent with an independent measurement in the same channel, with the measurements in other decay channels and with the Standard Model predictions.
description: Presented at the 2011 Hadron Collider Physics symposium (HCP-2011), Paris, France, November 14-18 2011, 3 pages, 3 figures
Periodic solutions of fully nonlinear autonomous equations of Benjamin-Ono type
Creators: name: Baldi, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B10 (Primary) 37K55, 37K50 (Secondary)

description: We prove the existence of time-periodic, small amplitude solutions of autonomous quasilinear or fully nonlinear completely resonant pseudo-PDEs of Benjamin-Ono type in Sobolev class. The result holds for frequencies in a Cantor set that has asymptotically full measure as the amplitude goes to zero. At the first order of amplitude, the solutions are the superposition of an arbitrarily large number of waves that travel with different velocities (multimodal solutions). The equation can be considered as a Hamiltonian, reversible system plus a non-Hamiltonian (but still reversible) perturbation that contains derivatives of the highest order. The main difficulties of the problem are: an infinite-dimensional bifurcation equation, and small divisors in the linearized operator, where also the highest order derivatives have nonconstant coefficients. The main technical step of the proof is the reduction of the linearized operator to constant coefficients up to a regularizing rest, by means of changes of variables and conjugation with simple linear pseudo-differential operators, in the spirit of the method of Iooss, Plotnikov and Toland for standing water waves (ARMA 2005). Other ingredients are a suitable Nash-Moser iteration in Sobolev spaces, and Lyapunov-Schmidt decomposition. (Version 2: small change in Section 2).
description: 47 pages
Robust estimation of multivariate scatter in non-affine equivariant scenarios
Creators: name: Danilov, Mikhail
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: We consider the problem of robust estimation of the scatter matrix of an elliptical distribution when observed data are corrupted in a cell-wise manner. The first half of the thesis develops a framework for dealing with data subjected to independent cell-wise contamination. Each data cell (as opposed to data case in traditional robustness) can be contaminated independently of the rest of the case. Instead of downweighting the whole case we attempt to identify the affected cells, remove the offending values and treat them as missing at random for subsequent likelihood-based processing. We explore several variations of the detection procedure that takes into account the multivariate structure of the data and end up with a heuristic algorithm that identifies and removes a large proportion of dangerous independent contamination. Although there are not many existing methods to measure against, the proposed covariance estimate compares favorably to naive alternatives such as pairwise estimates or univariate Winsorising. The cell-wise data corruption mechanism that we deal with in the second half of this thesis is missing data. Missing data on their own have been well studied and likelihood methods are well developed. The new setting that we are interested in is when missing data come together with the traditional case-wise contamination. Both issues have been studied extensively over that last few decades but little attention has been paid to how to address them both at the same time. We propose a modification of the S-estimate that allows robust estimation of multivariate location and scatter matrix in the presence of missing completely at random (MCAR) data. The method is based on the idea of the maximum likelihood of the observed data and extends it into the world of S-estimates. The estimate comes complete with the computation algorithm, which is an adjusted version of the widely used Fast-S procedure. Simulation results and applications to real datasets confirm the superiority of our method over available alternatives. Preliminary investigation reported in the concluding chapter suggests that combining the two main ideas presented in this thesis can yield an estimate that is robust against case-wise and cell-wise contamination simultaneously.
METAVERSO EN EL SECTOR PUBLICO
Creators: name: MOLINA BUSTOS, FRANCISCO FABIANY
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: El presente documento explora el impacto del metaverso en el sector público, analizando su potencial para mejorar la eficiencia, la accesibilidad y la transparencia en la administración gubernamental. A través de una revisión teórica y el estudio de casos aplicados, se examina cómo las tecnologías inmersivas, como la realidad virtual (VR) y la realidad aumentada (AR), pueden redefinir la interacción entre ciudadanos y entidades estatales.

El análisis abarca los desafíos y oportunidades que representa la adopción del metaverso en áreas clave como la educación, la salud, la participación ciudadana y la prestación de servicios públicos. Se abordan aspectos críticos relacionados con la ciberseguridad, la regulación y la inclusión digital, destacando los riesgos y beneficios de la implementación de estas tecnologías en entornos gubernamentales.

Además, el documento discute modelos de gobernanza digital que incorporan el metaverso como una herramienta estratégica para la planificación urbana, la gestión de datos abiertos y la optimización de procesos administrativos. Se presentan recomendaciones para la formulación de políticas públicas que impulsen una integración efectiva y sostenible del metaverso en la gestión estatal, garantizando su alineación con principios éticos y de equidad social.

Palabras clave: Metaverso, sector público, transformación digital, realidad virtual, realidad aumentada, gobernanza digital, innovación gubernamental, participación ciudadana.
General practitioner care in nursing homes during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: a retrospective survey among nursing home managers
Creators: name: Kühl, Anja
name: Hering, Christian
name: Herrmann, Wolfram J.
name: Gangnus, Annabell
name: Kohl, Raphael
name: Steinhagen-Thiessen, Elisabeth
name: Kuhlmey, Adelheid
name: Gellert, Paul
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General practitioners
subject: Primary care physicians
subject: Nursing homes
subject: COVID-19
subject: Visiting restrictions
subject: Healthcare provision
subject: Primary care
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Though evidence on the detrimental impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in nursing homes is vast, research focusing on general practitioners' (GP) care during the pandemic in nursing homes is still scarce. Methods: A retrospective online survey among 1,010 nursing home managers in Germany was conducted during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic between November 2020 and February 2021. Associations between perceived deficits in GP care (routine and acute visits) and both general and COVID-19-related characteristics of nursing homes were analysed using multiple logistic regression analyses. Results: The majority of nursing home managers reported no deficits in GP care (routine visits, 84.3%; acute visits, 92.9%). Logistic regression analyses revealed that deficits in GP care (routine visits) were significantly associated with visiting restrictions for GPs and nursing home size. Small nursing homes (1-50 residents) were significantly more likely to report deficits in GP care (routine visits) compared to medium (51-100 residents) and large nursing homes (> 100 residents). Further, deficits in GP care (acute visits) were significantly associated with dementia as a focus of care and the burden of insufficient testing for SARS-CoV-2 among residents. Moreover, visiting restrictions for GPs were significantly associated with dementia as the focus of care and the COVID-19 incidence at the federal state level. Finally, COVID-19 cases in nursing homes were significantly associated with size of nursing homes, COVID-19-incidence on the federal state level and the burden of insufficient testing capacities for SARS-CoV-2 among residents. Conclusion: We found structural factors associated with GP care deficits during the pandemic. New concepts for GP care should be implemented in pandemic preparedness plans to ensure high quality, consistent, and reliable GP care as well as effective infection prevention measures in nursing homes.
Rotational splittings for slow to moderate rotators: Latitudinal dependency or higher order effects in Ω?
Creators: name: Ouazzani, R-M.
name: Goupil, M-J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Information about the rotation rate is contained in the low frequency part of power spectra, where signatures of nonuniform surface rotation are expected, as well as in the frequency splittings induced by the internal rotation rate. We wish to figure out whether the differences between the seismic rotation period as determined by a mean rotational splitting, and the rotation period measured from the low frequency peak in the Fourier spectrum (observed for some of CoRoT's targets) can provide constraints on the rotation profile. For uniform moderate rotators,perturbative corrections to second and third order in terms of the rotation angular velocity Ω, may mimic differential rotation. We apply our perturbation method to evaluate mode frequencies accurate up to Ω^3 for uniform rotation. Effects of latitudinal dependence are calculated in the linear approximation. In βCephei pulsators models, third order effects become comparable to that of a horizontal shear similar to the solar one at rotation rates well below the breakup values. We show how a clean signature of the latitudinal shear may be extracted. Our models of two CoRoT target HD 181906 and HD 181420, represent lower main sequence objects. These are slow rotators and nonlinear effects in splittings are accordingly small. We use data on one low frequency peak and one splitting of a dipolar mode to constrain the rotation profile in HD 181420 and HD 181906. The relative influence of the two effects strongly depends on the type of the oscillation modes in the star and on the magnitude of the rotation rate. Given mean rotational splitting and the frequency of a spot signature, it is possible to distinguish between the two hypothesis, and in the case of differential rotation in latitude, we propose a method to determine the type of rotation profile and a range of values for the shear.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, A&A accepted
Recherche mit KI
Creators: name: Grahl, Tina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Recherche
KI
AI
Künstliche Intelligenz
artificial intelligence

description: Haben Sie sich auch schon gefragt, ob und wie KI Sie bei der Recherche unterstützen kann? Unsere Antwort: Jein. Es kommt auf die konkrete Recherche bzw. das konkrete Ziel Ihrer Recherche an. Aktuell ist mit den meisten Tools weder eine effiziente, noch eine systematische und vollständige Recherche möglich. Aber mit KI-Tools lässt sich gut stöbern! Das folgende Poster stellt eine Auswahl an empfehlenswerten Tools zur Recherche vor. Testen Sie die Tools sinnvollerweise am besten individuell mit dem Thema Ihrer letzten Veröffentlichung.
On the long-time behavior of some mathematical models for nematic liquid crystals
Creators: name: Petzeltová, Hana
name: Rocca, Elisabetta
name: Schimperna, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A model describing the evolution of a liquid crystal substance in the nematic phase is investigated in terms of two basic state variables: the {\it velocity field} $\bu$ and the {\it director field} $\di$, representing the preferred orientation of molecules in a neighborhood of any point in a reference domain. After recalling a known existence result, we investigate the long-time behavior of weak solutions. In particular, we show that any solution trajectory admits a non-empty $ω$-limit set containing only stationary solutions. Moreover, we give a number of sufficient conditions in order that the $ω$-limit set contains a single point. Our approach improves and generalizes existing results on the same problem.
Origin of spontaneous broken mirror symmetry of vortex lattices in Nb
Creators: name: Adachi, H. M.
name: Ishikawa, M.
name: Hirano, T.
name: Ichioka, M.
name: Machida, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining the microscopic Eilenberger theory with the first principles band calculation, we investigate the stable flux line lattice (FLL) for a field applied to the four-fold axis; $H\parallel [001]$ in cubic Nb. The observed FLL transformation along $H_{c2}$ is almost perfectly explained without adjustable parameter, including the tilted square, scalene triangle with broken mirror symmetry, and isosceles triangle lattices upon increasing $T$. We construct a minimum Fermi surface model to understand those morphologies, in particular the stability of the scalene triangle lattice attributed to the lack of the mirror symmetry about the Fermi velocity maximum direction in k-space.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Role of positive mental health in reducing fears related to COVID-19 and general anxiety disorder in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Creators: name: Mahmood, Qaisar Khalid
name: Sohail, Malik Muhammad
name: Qureshi, Waheed Ahmad
name: Zakar, Rubeena
name: Wrona, Kamil J.
name: Fischer, Florian
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: Corona
subject: Pakistan
subject: Mental health
subject: Quality of life
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed multiple challenges to healthcare systems. Evidence suggests that mental well-being is badly affected due to compliance with preventative measures in containing the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to explore the role of positive mental health (subjective sense of wellbeing) to cope with fears related to COVID-19 and general anxiety disorder in the Pashtun community in Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 501 respondents from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa participating in an online-based study. We performed correlational analysis, hierarchical linear regression and structural equational modeling (SEM) to analyze the role of mental health in reducing fears and general anxiety disorder. Results: The results of the SEM show that positive mental health has direct effects in reducing the fear related to COVID-19 (beta = - 0.244, p < 0.001) and general anxiety (beta = - 0.210, p < 0.001). Fears of COVID-19 has a direct effect on increasing general anxiety (beta = 0.480). In addition, positive mental health also has an indirect effect (beta = - 0.117, p < 0.001) on general anxiety (R-2 = 0.32, p < 0.001) through reducing fear of coronavirus. Conclusion: Based on these findings, there is a need to develop community health policies emphasizing on promotive and preventive mental health strategies for people practicing social/physical distancing.
An efficient mixed-precision, hybrid CPU-GPU implementation of a fully implicit particle-in-cell algorithm
Creators: name: Chen, Guangye
name: Chacón, Luis
name: Barnes, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a fully implicit, energy- and charge-conserving particle-in-cell method has been proposed for multi-scale, full-f kinetic simulations [G. Chen, et al., J. Comput. Phys. 230,18 (2011)]. The method employs a Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) solver, capable of using very large timesteps without loss of numerical stability or accuracy. A fundamental feature of the method is the segregation of particle-orbit computations from the field solver, while remaining fully self-consistent. This paper describes a very efficient, mixed-precision hybrid CPU-GPU implementation of the implicit PIC algorithm exploiting this feature. The JFNK solver is kept on the CPU in double precision (DP), while the implicit, charge-conserving, and adaptive particle mover is implemented on a GPU (graphics processing unit) using CUDA in single-precision (SP). Performance-oriented optimizations are introduced with the aid of the roofline model. The implicit particle mover algorithm is shown to achieve up to 400 GOp/s on a Nvidia GeForce GTX580. This corresponds to 25% absolute GPU efficiency against the peak theoretical performance, and is about 300 times faster than an equivalent serial CPU (Intel Xeon X5460) execution. For the test case chosen, the mixed-precision hybrid CPU-GPU solver is shown to over-perform the DP CPU-only serial version by a factor of \sim 100, without apparent loss of robustness or accuracy in a challenging long-timescale ion acoustic wave simulation.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures, submitted to J. Comput. Phys
A school-based educational on-site vaccination intervention for adolescents in an urban area in Germany: feasibility and psychometric properties of instruments in a pilot study
Creators: name: Bethke, Norma
name: Gellert, Paul
name: Knoll, Nina
name: Weber, Niklas
name: Seybold, Joachim
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Vaccination
subject: On-site
subject: Mobile health
subject: Prevention
subject: School-based
subject: Education
subject: Measles
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Vaccination rates for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio (Tdap-IPV) are not optimal among German adolescents. Education in combination with easy access to vaccination may be a promising approach to improve vaccination rates. The present paper describes a pilot study of a planned cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT) in which we aim to improve MMR and Tdap-IPV vaccination rates together with knowledge and self-efficacy in a school setting. Methods: The study covered 863 students from 41 classes of four schools. The optimization and feasibility of access to schools, recruitment strategies, intervention, and assessment procedures were examined. The course and content of the educational unit were evaluated with a mixed-methods approach. A pre-post measurement design was tested for the vaccination rate in all schools. Additionally, at two schools, improvement in vaccination-related knowledge and perceived self-efficacy were measured by questionnaire pre-educational unit (n=287) and post-educational unit (n=293). The remaining two schools provided only postintervention data. Finally, we evaluated the psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, retest reliability, and change rates) of the questionnaire, applying Cronbach's alpha, factor analyses, generalized estimating equations and linear mixed models. Results: The findings of the pilot study indicated good feasibility. Of the total sample, 437 students (50.9%) brought their vaccination cards to school, 68 students received Tdap-IPV vaccinations, and 11 received MMR vaccinations. Out of six knowledge questions, on average, the students had M=2.84 (95% CI [2.69, 3.10]) correct answers before and M=4.45 (95% CI [4.26, 4.64]) after the class. Ranging from 1 to 4, the self-efficacy scale changed by 0.3 points (p <.001); Cronbach's alpha was 0.67 and 0.76 pre- and post-educational unit, respectively, and a one-factor solution was found. Content analysis of the five semistructured group interviews (n=12, 58.3% female) showed that all students found the length of the intervention to be appropriate. The teaching methods, including interactive and social media components, were perceived as very good. Conclusions: A school-based educational and on-site vaccination intervention appears to be feasible in terms of procedures and the adequacy of the instruments for the adolescent target group.
Sparse Signal Separation in Redundant Dictionaries
Creators: name: Aubel, Céline
name: Studer, Christoph
name: Pope, Graeme
name: Bölcskei, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We formulate a unified framework for the separation of signals that are sparse in "morphologically" different redundant dictionaries. This formulation incorporates the so-called "analysis" and "synthesis" approaches as special cases and contains novel hybrid setups. We find corresponding coherence-based recovery guarantees for an l1-norm based separation algorithm. Our results recover those reported in Studer and Baraniuk, ACHA, submitted, for the synthesis setting, provide new recovery guarantees for the analysis setting, and form a basis for comparing performance in the analysis and synthesis settings. As an aside our findings complement the D-RIP recovery results reported in Candès et al., ACHA, 2011, for the "analysis" signal recovery problem: minimize_x ||Ψx||_1 subject to ||y - Ax||_2 \leq ε, by delivering corresponding coherence-based recovery results.
description: Proc. of IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT), Boston, MA, July 2012
Psychometric properties of the PROMIS Preference score (PROPr) in patients with rheumatological and psychosomatic conditions
Creators: name: Klapproth, Christoph Paul
name: Fischer, Felix
name: Merbach, M.
name: Rose, Matthias
name: Obbarius, Alexander
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Patient reported outcomes
subject: Quality of life
subject: Pain
subject: Health status
subject: Outcome measures
subject: QALY
subject: PROPr
subject: EQ-5D
subject: ICER
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: The PROMIS Preference score (PROPr) is a new generic preference-based health-related quality of life (HRQoL) score that can be used as a health state utility (HSU) score for quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) in cost-utility analyses (CUAs). It is the first HSU score based on item response theory (IRT) and has demonstrated favorable psychometric properties in first analyses. The PROPr combines the seven PROMIS domains: cognition, depression, fatigue, pain, physical function, sleep disturbance, and ability to participate in social roles and activities. It was developed based on preferences of the US general population. The aim of this study was to validate the PROPr in a German inpatient sample and to compare it to the EQ-5D. Methods: We collected PROPr and EQ-5D-5L data from 141 patients undergoing inpatient treatment in the rheumatology and psychosomatic departments. We evaluated the criterion and convergent validity, and ceiling and floor effects of the PROPr and compared those characteristics to those of the EQ-5D. Results: The mean PROPr (0.26, 95% CI: 0.23; 0.29) and the mean EQ-5D (0.44, 95% CI: 0.38; 0.51) scores differed significantly (d = 0.18, p < 0.001). Compared to the EQ-5D, the PROPr scores were less scattered across the measurement range which has resulted in smaller confidence intervals of the mean scores. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two scores was r = 0.72 (p < 0.001). Both scores showed fair agreement with an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.48 (p < 0.05). The PROPr and EQ-5D demonstrated similar discrimination power across sex, age, and conditions. While the PROPr showed a floor effect, the EQ-5D showed a ceiling effect. Conclusion: The PROPr measures HSU considerably lower than the EQ-5D as a result of different construction, anchors and measurement ranges. Because QALYs derived with the EQ-5D are widely considered state-of-the-art, application of the PROPr for QALY measurements would be problematic.
Secure Execution of Distributed Session Programs
Creators: name: Alves, Nuno
name: Hu, Raymond
name: Yoshida, Nobuko
name: Deniélou, Pierre-Malo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.3.0;D.3.1;D.3.3;F.3.2;C.2.2;C.2.4

description: The development of the SJ Framework for session-based distributed programming is part of recent and ongoing research into integrating session types and practical, real-world programming languages. SJ programs featuring session types (protocols) are statically checked by the SJ compiler to verify the key property of communication safety, meaning that parties engaged in a session only communicate messages, including higher-order communications via session delegation, that are compatible with the message types expected by the recipient. This paper presents current work on security aspects of the SJ Framework. Firstly, we discuss our implementation experience from improving the SJ Runtime platform with security measures to protect and augment communication safety at runtime. We implement a transport component for secure session execution that uses a modified TLS connection with authentication based on the Secure Remote Password (SRP) protocol. The key technical point is the delicate treatment of secure session delegation to counter a previous vulnerability. We find that the modular design of the SJ Runtime, based on the notion of an Abstract Transport for session communication, supports rapid extension to utilise additional transports whilst separating this concern from the application-level session programming task. In the second part of this abstract, we formally prove the target security properties by modelling the extended SJ delegation protocols in the pi-calculus.
description: In Proceedings PLACES 2010, arXiv:1110.3853
Theoretical polarization dependence of the two-phonon double-resonant Raman spectra of graphene
Creators: name: Popov, Valentin N.
name: Lambin, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The experimental Raman spectra of graphene exhibit a few intense two-phonon bands, which are enhanced through double-resonant scattering processes. Though there are many theoretical papers on this topic, none of them predicts the spectra within a single model. Here, we present results for the two-phonon Raman spectra of graphene calculated by means of the quantum perturbation theory. The electron and phonon dispersions, electronic lifetime, electron-photon and electron-phonon matrix elements, are all obtained within a density-functional-theory-based non-orthogonal tight-binding model. We study systematically the overtone and combination two-phonon Raman bands, and, in particular, the energy and polarization dependence of their Raman shift and intensity. We find that the ratio of the integrated intensities for parallel and cross polarized light for all two-phonon bands is between 0.33 and 0.42. Our results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Bayesian Approaches to Copula Modelling
Creators: name: Smith, Michael Stanley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Copula models have become one of the most widely used tools in the applied modelling of multivariate data. Similarly, Bayesian methods are increasingly used to obtain efficient likelihood-based inference. However, to date, there has been only limited use of Bayesian approaches in the formulation and estimation of copula models. This article aims to address this shortcoming in two ways. First, to introduce copula models and aspects of copula theory that are especially relevant for a Bayesian analysis. Second, to outline Bayesian approaches to formulating and estimating copula models, and their advantages over alternative methods. Copulas covered include Archimedean, copulas constructed by inversion, and vine copulas; along with their interpretation as transformations. A number of parameterisations of a correlation matrix of a Gaussian copula are considered, along with hierarchical priors that allow for Bayesian selection and model averaging for each parameterisation. Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling schemes for fitting Gaussian and D-vine copulas, with and without selection, are given in detail. The relationship between the prior for the parameters of a D-vine, and the prior for a correlation matrix of a Gaussian copula, is discussed. Last, it is shown how to compute Bayesian inference when the data are discrete-valued using data augmentation. This approach generalises popular Bayesian methods for the estimation of models for multivariate binary and other ordinal data to more general copula models. Bayesian data augmentation has substantial advantages over other methods of estimation for this class of models.
Reconciling the theoretical and experimental electronic structure of NbO2
Creators: name: Berman, Samuel
name: Zhussupbekova, Ainur
name: Boschker, Jos E.
name: Schwarzkopf, Jutta
name: O'Regan, David D.
name: Shvets, Igor V.
name: Zhussupbekov, Kuanysh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metal-insulator transition materials such as NbO2 have generated much excitement in recent years for their potential applications in computing and sensing. NbO2 has generated considerable debate over the nature of the phase transition, and the values for the band gap/band widths in the insulating phase. We present a combined theoretical and experimental study of the band gap and electronic structure of the insulating phase of NbO2. We carry out ab-initio density functional theory plus U calculations, directly determining U and J parameters for both the Nb 4d and O 2p subspaces through the recently introduced minimum-tracking linear response method. We find a fundamental bulk band gap of 0.80 eV for the full DFT+U+J theory. We also perform calculations and measurements for a (100) oriented thin film. Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy measurements show that the surface band gap varies from 0.75 eV to 1.35 eV due to an excess of oxygen in and near the surface region of the film. Slab calculations indicate metallicity localised at the surface region caused by an energy level shift consistent with a reduction in Coulomb repulsion. We demonstrate that this effect in combination with the simple, low cost DFT+U+J method can account for the band widths and p-d gap observed in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. Overall, our results indicate the possible presence of a 2D anisotropic metallic layer at the (100) surface of NbO2.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, plus 3 pages of Supporting Information
Populational studies of HIV-1 drug resistance in British Columbia
Creators: name: Gill, Vikram Singh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Objective: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has led to a dramatic decrease in AIDS-related morbidity and mortality, but can be compromised by the development of HIV drug resistance. The objective of this thesis is to explore issues important to the understanding of HIV drug resistance at the populational level in British Columbia, Canada. Methods: HIV drug resistance was analyzed via retrospective, observational analyses of the population of HIV-infected individuals receiving treatment through the HIV/AIDS Drug Treatment Program in British Columbia, Canada. Analyses were largely based upon viral protease and reverse transcriptase genotypic sequences obtained from archived plasma samples as well as information in the BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS’ monitoring and evaluation system. Results: One analysis demonstrated a drastic, exponential decrease in the incidence of new cases of HIV-1 drug resistance over time in individuals followed from 1996-2008 that has been concomitant with linear increases in the proportion of individuals with undetectable plasma viral loads. An analysis of the probability of developing resistance, adjusted for several factors, between different initial antiretroviral regimens showed 2.4-fold lower odds of developing HIV drug resistance among individuals initiating HAART with a boosted protease-inhibitor-based regimen versus other common regimens, as well as a decreased likelihood of developing resistance based upon initiating more modern HAART regimens. Finally, a third analysis focussed on specific K65K and K66K silent mutations in HIV reverse transcriptase, which are strongly co-selected with known thymidine analogue mutations, in particular D67N. In steady-state kinetic assays, the presence of these mutations was shown to alleviate replicative pausing and/or dissociation events of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase on RNA reverse transcriptase templates that contained the D67N and K70R mutations. Conclusion: Changes in HIV drug resistance have occurred at the populational level in BC over the period of 1996-2008. The superiority of modern HAART regimens in regard to the development of resistance, and overall drastic exponential decreases in the levels of incident drug resistance over time, provide new benchmarks for the analysis of the efficacy of current and future antiretroviral regimens. Furthermore, the identification of novel silent mutations co-selected with therapy exposure may have clinical implications.