cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The power of averaging at two consecutive time steps: Proof of a mixing conjecture by Aldous and Fill
Creators: name: Hermon, Jonathan
name: Peres, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $(X_t)_{t = 0 }^{\infty}$ be an irreducible reversible discrete time Markov chain on a finite state space $Ω$. Denote its transition matrix by $P$. To avoid periodicity issues (and thus ensuring convergence to equilibrium) one often considers the continuous-time version of the chain $(X_t^{\mathrm{c}})_{t \ge 0} $ whose kernel is given by $H_t:=e^{-t}\sum_k (tP)^k/k! $. Another possibility is to consider the associated averaged chain $(X_t^{\mathrm{ave}})_{t = 0}^{\infty}$, whose distribution at time $t$ is obtained by replacing $P$ by $A_t:=(P^t+P^{t+1})/2$. A sequence of Markov chains is said to exhibit (total-variation) cutoff if the convergence to stationarity in total-variation distance is abrupt. Let $(X_t^{(n)})_{t = 0 }^{\infty}$ be a sequence of irreducible reversible discrete time Markov chains. In this work we prove that the sequence of associated continuous-time chains exhibits total-variation cutoff around time $t_n$ iff the sequence of the associated averaged chains exhibits total-variation cutoff around time $t_n$. Moreover, we show that the width of the cutoff window for the sequence of associated averaged chains is at most that of the sequence of associated continuous-time chains. In fact, we establish more precise quantitative relations between the mixing-times of the continuous-time and the averaged versions of a reversible Markov chain, which provide an affirmative answer to a problem raised by Aldous and Fill.
Barriers and enablers to crop diversification: a case study from France
Creators: name: Messean, Antoine
name: Charrier, François
name: Fares, Mehand
name: Le Bail, Marianne
name: Magrini, Marie-Benoît
name: Charlier, Aude
name: Meynard, Jean Marc
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: crop diversification, lock-in, value chain, arable crops

description: Rural areas and farms in France have become more and more specialized, while there is evidence that crop diversification can largely contribute to reducing input use in agriculture (pesticides, fertilizer, irrigation) and related negative environmental impacts. This study analysed potential obstacles to crop diversification at various levels of the supply chains through two approaches:• Interviews with stakeholders, to conduct a cross-cutting analysis of impediments to the development of various diversification crops; • A detailed study of the value-chains and of their modes of coordination, focusing on three case studies: pea and linseed for animal feeding, hemp for insulation and biomaterials.
A decentralized high-intensity approach to foster data management best practices and publication of open research data
Creators: name: Waldow, Harald Von
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Data Repository
Open Research Data
Research Data Management
Decentralized
Open Source

description: Even though many researchers are aware of the popularity of Open Science best practices with
 funders and with the scientic community in general, the fraction of research data that is brought
 into shape for future re-use and openly shared is still disappointingly low. Recent surveys indicate
 that providing suitable infrastructure, information about available infrastructure and basic support
 within the realm of research data management (RDM) could be among the most eective measures
 to remedy this situation (Goben & Grin, 2019; von der Heyde, 2019; Kim, 2017). We hypothesize that small-scale distributed data repositories together with support and training oers
 at the institutional or departmental level are necessary to initiate a cultural change that will result in
 a wide adoption of sharing and re-using research data. Furthermore, by integrating the technical
 system into the local IT infrastructure and by providing RDM support and technical expertise close
 to the researchers, many advantages over larger systems run in remote locations can be realized.
 We present a simple solution for an institutional or departmental research data archival and publishing
 system. It is built from o-the-shelf open source components but highly customizable. We show the
 system in use at our institution and how the workload required by researchers to submit their research
 data for archival and publication can be minimized through suitable adaptions. We demonstrate that
 such a local repository, which adheres to the FAIR principles, serves to generate exposure for research
 data as well as much larger nation-scale general data repositories or global scale discipline-specic
 ones.
VITALISE D1.5 Data Management Plan (final version)
Creators: name: Anagnostopoulou, Alexandra
name: Kartsidis, Panagiotis Emmanouil
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In line with the Open Research Data Pilot regulations of the Horizon 2020 programme (H2020) (Grant Agreement Number 101007990 - VITALISE, 2021), the purpose of this deliverable is to present the finalised Data Management Plan (DMP) of the VITALISE project (Open Access - H2020 Online Manual, 2017). The document provides information regarding the data that is collected during the project, as well as addresses the issue of data re-use for further exploitation by expanding on the manner in which the data will be made accessible and gives information on the data’s curation and preservation. According to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) Data Management guidelines in Horizon 2020 and in agreement with the General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (GDPR) (General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the Protection of Natural Persons with Regard to the Processing of Personal Data and on the Free Movement of Such Data and Repealing Directive 95/46/EC, 2016), all datasets to be produced, collected and shared amongst the partners during the project were identified and a first version of a list containing all relevant details was established in Deliverable 1.4. Currently the project has begun collecting and developing a collection of datasets related to patient rehabilitation supported by technology, transitional care and everyday living environments. These datasets will also be uploaded to the VITALISE Discovery Portal that will facilitate open access data processing allowing for federated and harmonized living lab data access. Considering the fact that the VITALISE datasets will at their majority be produced and collected from human participants, the respective data (raw or processed) have been managed in total agreement to the guidelines and regulations in place regarding ethical and privacy issues related to datasets of this nature. This document is the final version of the VITALISE DMP submitted at month M30 of the project. Consequently, the datasets presented describe the totality of the data that have been or are being collected. Should important changes occur due to the inclusion or exclusion of a dataset, until the end of the project on M36, they will be followed by an updated version of the DMP. To ensure that the DMP is implemented as expected, regular checks on the status of the data are be carried out on a schedule.
Multiscale approaches to protein-mediated interactions between membranes - Relating microscopic and macroscopic dynamics in radially growing adhesions
Creators: name: Bihr, Timo
name: Seifert, Udo
name: Smith, Ana-Suncana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Macromolecular complexation leading to coupling of two or more cellular membranes is a crucial step in a number of biological functions of the cell. While other mechanisms may also play a role, adhesion always involves the fluctuations of deformable membranes, the diffusion of proteins and the molecular binding and unbinding. Because these stochastic processes couple over a multitude of time and length scales, theoretical modeling of membrane adhesion has been a major challenge. Here we present an effective Monte Carlo scheme within which the effects of the membrane are integrated into local rates for molecular recognition. The latter step in the Monte Carlo approach enables us to simulate the nucleation and growth of adhesion domains within a system of the size of a cell for tens of seconds without loss of accuracy, as shown by comparison to $10^6$ times more expensive Langevin simulations. To perform this validation, the Langevin approach was augmented to simulate diffusion of proteins explicitly, together with reaction kinetics and membrane dynamics. We use the Monte Carlo scheme to gain deeper insight to the experimentally observed radial growth of micron sized adhesion domains, and connect the effective rate with which the domain is growing to the underlying microscopic events. We thus demonstrate that our technique yields detailed information about protein transport and complexation in membranes, which is a fundamental step toward understanding even more complex membrane interactions in the cellular context.
(151) Jessie Fleming
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Initial-Final Mass Relation for 3 to 4 M$_\odot$ Progenitors of White Dwarfs from the Single Cluster NGC 2099
Creators: name: Cummings, Jeffrey D.
name: Kalirai, Jason S.
name: Tremblay, P. -E.
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have expanded the sample of observed white dwarfs in the rich open cluster NGC 2099 (M37) with the Keck Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer. Of 20 white dwarf candidates, the spectroscopy shows 19 to be true white dwarfs with 14 of these having high S/N. We find 11 of these 14 to be consistent with singly evolved cluster members. They span a mass range of $\sim$0.7 to 0.95 M$_\odot$, excluding a low-mass outlier, corresponding to progenitor masses of $\sim$3 to 4 M$_\odot$. This region of the initial final mass relation (IFMR) has large scatter and a slope that remains to be precisely determined. With this large sample of white dwarfs that belong to a single age and metallicity population, we find an initial-final mass relation of (0.171$\pm$0.057)M$_{\rm initial}$+0.219$\pm$0.187 M$_\odot$, significantly steeper than the linear relation adopted over the full observed white dwarf mass range in many previous studies. Comparison of this new relation from the solar metallicity NGC 2099 to 18 white dwarfs in the metal-rich Hyades and Praesepe shows that their IFMR also has a consistently steep slope. This strong consistency also suggests that there is no significant metallicity dependence of the IFMR at this mass and metallicity range. As a result, the IFMR can be more reliably determined with this broad sample of 29 total white dwarfs giving M$_{\rm final}$=(0.163$\pm$0.022)M$_{\rm initial}$+0.238$\pm$0.071 M$_\odot$ from M$_{\rm initial}$ of 3 to 4 M$_\odot$. A steep IFMR in this mass range indicates that the full IFMR is nonlinear.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables
Discriminating quantum states: the multiple Chernoff distance
Creators: name: Li, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the problem of testing multiple quantum hypotheses $\{ρ_1^{\otimes n},\ldots,ρ_r^{\otimes n}\}$, where an arbitrary prior distribution is given and each of the $r$ hypotheses is $n$ copies of a quantum state. It is known that the average error probability $P_e$ decays exponentially to zero, that is, $P_e=\exp\{-ξn+o(n)\}$. However, this error exponent $ξ$ is generally unknown, except for the case that $r=2$. In this paper, we solve the long-standing open problem of identifying the above error exponent, by proving Nussbaum and Szkoła's conjecture that $ξ=\min_{i\neq j}C(ρ_i,ρ_j)$. The right-hand side of this equality is called the multiple quantum Chernoff distance, and $C(ρ_i,ρ_j):=\max_{0\leq s\leq 1}\{-\log\operatorname{Tr}ρ_i^sρ_j^{1-s}\}$ has been previously identified as the optimal error exponent for testing two hypotheses, $ρ_i^{\otimes n}$ versus $ρ_j^{\otimes n}$. The main ingredient of our proof is a new upper bound for the average error probability, for testing an ensemble of finite-dimensional, but otherwise general, quantum states. This upper bound, up to a states-dependent factor, matches the multiple-state generalization of Nussbaum and Szkoła's lower bound. Specialized to the case $r=2$, we give an alternative proof to the achievability of the binary-hypothesis Chernoff distance, which was originally proved by Audenaert et al.
description: v2: minor changes
title:  R: Resilience
Creators: name: Borda-Rodriguez, Alexander
name: Borda-Rodriguez, Alexander
name: Vicari, Sara
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: L’articolo analizza i fattori principali che favoriscono la resilienza delle cooperative. Attraverso lo studio di tali fattori, l’ articolo mostra come le cooperative siano in grado di superare crisi e shocks. L’ analisi si fonda su esperienze dei paesi in via di sviluppo, in particular modo su casi studio di cooperative dell’ Uganda e del Malawi.
description: The co-operative firm. Keywords
Western medicine and traditional healers: partners in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
Creators: name: Johnson, Melba
name: Ebba, Ebba K.
name: Liverpool, Joan
name: Alexander, Randell
name: Francis, Shelly
name: Liverpool, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Prevention and control programs for HIV/AIDS have had limited success, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Not surprising, most residents see traditional healers as their only option to meet their healthcare needs. Some patients refuse surgery or other medical treatment unless their traditional healer sanctions the treatment first. Formally trained doctors have finally begun to consider traditional healers as potential allies in the battle to prevent the spread of HIV/AIDS by recognizing that the longstanding trust and credibility of these healers in the black communities can facilitate change in sexual behavior. Innovative and effective approaches, including utilization of traditional healers, can play a vital role in Africa's AIDS prevention and control programs.
Circular and linear magnetic birefringences in xenon at $λ= 1064$ nm
Creators: name: Cadène, Agathe
name: Fouché, Mathilde
name: Rivère, Alice
name: Battesti, Remy
name: Coriani, Sonia
name: Rizzo, Antonio
name: Rizzo, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The circular and linear magnetic birefringences corresponding to the Faraday and the Cotton-Mouton effects, respectively, have been measured in xenon at $λ= 1064$ nm. The experimental setup is based on time dependent magnetic fields and a high finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. Our value of the Faraday effect is the first measurement at this wavelength. It is compared to theoretical predictions. Our uncertainty of a few percent yields an agreement at better than 1$σ$ with the computational estimate when relativistic effects are taken into account. Concerning the Cotton-Mouton effect, our measurement, the second ever published at $λ= 1064$ nm, agrees at better than $1σ$ with theoretical predictions. We also compare our error budget with those established for other experimental published values.
Knowledge of cultural competence among third-year medical students.
Creators: name: Bussey-Jones, Jada
name: Genao, Inginia
name: Corbie-Smith, Giselle
name: St George, Diane Marie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: An increasingly diverse population and ongoing health disparities have brought national attention to cultural competence training in medical schools. However, few data exist on medical students' knowledge in cultural competence. The purpose of this study is to assess medical students' knowledge in cultural competence to identify training areas for curriculum development. All third-year medical students at a single institution during the period of November 2001 to February 2004 completed a questionnaire to assess their knowledge of cultural competence during their medicine clerkship. The 40-item questionnaire measured several domains of cultural competence: health disparities, stereotyping, exploring culture, perceptions of health and illness, and communication/language. The mean knowledge score was 55%, and no student scored >80%. Race and prior cultural training were not predictors of overall performance.
Understanding pain and improving management of sickle cell disease: the PiSCES study.
Creators: name: Smith, Wally R.
name: Levenson, James L.
name: Gil, Karen
name: Roberts, John D.
name: Aisiku, Imoigele P.
name: McClish, Donna K.
name: Penberthy, Lynne T.
name: Bovbjerg, Viktor E.
name: Roseff, Susan D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Until recent decades, sickle cell disease (SCD) was associated with recurrent, disabling pain, organ failure and death in childhood or early adulthood. SCD treatment advances have now decreased pain and prolonged survival, but episodic or chronic pain may still require substantial analgesic use and frequent hospitaization for pain episodes. This pain is poorly characterized and often poorly treated. Adult patients may face barriers to comprehensive SCD care, stigmatization of their care-seeking behavior by providers and lack of family support, forcing them into maladaptive coping strategies. The Pain in Sickle Cell Epidemiology Study (PiSCES) attempts to develop and validate a biopsychosocial model of SCD pain, pain response and healthcare utilization in a large, multisite adult cohort. PISCES participants complete a baseline survey and six months of daily pain diaries in which they record levels of SCD-related pain and related disability and distress as well as responses to pain (e.g., medication use, hospital visits). PISCES will advance methods of measuring pain and pain response in SCD by better describing home-managed as well as provider-managed pain. PiSCES will assess the relative contributions of biological (disease-related), psychosocial and environmental (readiness to utilize) factors to overall pain and pain response in SCD, suggesting targets for biobehavioral interventions over time. Importantly, PISCES will also identify triggers of SCD pain episodes and healthcare utilization in the moment of pain, suggesting targets for timely care that mutes pain episodes.
A case-control study of factors associated with HIV infection among black women.
Creators: name: Adimora, Adaora A.
name: Fitzpatrick, Lisa
name: Greenberg, Alan
name: Marks, Gary
name: Forna, Fatu M.
name: Brooks, John T.
name: McLellan-Lemal, Eleanor
name: Leone, Peter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: OBJECTIVE: To identify social, behavioral and epidemiologic factors associated with HIV infection among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected black women residing in North Carolina. DESIGN: A case-control study conducted in August 2004 in North Carolina. METHODS: Cases were 18-40-year-old women with HIV infections diagnosed from 2003-2004. Controls were 18-40-yearold, HIV-negative heterosexually active women recruited from HIV testing sites. Five focus group discussions were also conducted with women not participating in the case-control study. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses of 31 cases and 101 controls showed that HIV-positive women were more likely to receive public assistance [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 7.3; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1, 26.0], to report a history of genital herpes infection (aOR 10.6; 95% CI 2.4, 47.2), and were less likely to have discussed a variety of sexual and behavioral issues relevant to risk of HIV infection with their male partners (aOR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4, 0.8). Focus group participants indicated that financial and social demands created competing challenges for making HIV prevention a priority. CONCLUSIONS: Inadequate communication between black women and their sexual partners may create barriers to sexual and behavioral risk reduction. A multidimensional approach that addresses both biological factors such as herpes infection and socioeconomic factors may be needed to reduce HIV transmission in this population.
The Development of Waste Heat Energy Conversion Device to Generate Electricity through Thermoelectric Generator (TEG) Apply to LPG Cookstove
Creators: name: Ditthaphat Tanpradit
Publisher: name: Rajamangala University of Technology Krungthep
Year: 2020
Subjects: Thermoelectric
Energy Conversion
Waste Heat Energy

description: วารสารวิชาการและวิจัย มทร.พระนคร สาขาวิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี, 14, 1, 193-207
Nonlocality in many-body quantum systems detected with two-body correlators
Creators: name: Tura, J.
name: Augusiak, R.
name: Sainz, A. B.
name: Lücke, B.
name: Klempt, C.
name: Lewenstein, M.
name: Acín, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contemporary understanding of correlations in quantum many-body systems and in quantum phase transitions is based to a large extent on the recent intensive studies of entanglement in many-body systems. In contrast, much less is known about the role of quantum nonlocality in these systems, mostly because the available multipartite Bell inequalities involve high-order correlations among many particles, which are hard to access theoretically, and even harder experimentally. Standard, "theorist- and experimentalist-friendly" many-body observables involve correlations among only few (one, two, rarely three...) particles. Typically, there is no multipartite Bell inequality for this scenario based on such low-order correlations. Recently, however, we have succeeded in constructing multipartite Bell inequalities that involve two- and one-body correlations only, and showed how they revealed the nonlocality in many-body systems relevant for nuclear and atomic physics [Science 344, 1256 (2014)]. With the present contribution we continue our work on this problem. On the one hand, we present a detailed derivation of the above Bell inequalities, pertaining to permutation symmetry among the involved parties. On the other hand, we present a couple of new results concerning such Bell inequalities. First, we characterize their tightness. We then discuss maximal quantum violations of these inequalities in the general case, and their scaling with the number of parties. Moreover, we provide new classes of two-body Bell inequalities which reveal nonlocality of the Dicke states---ground states of physically relevant and experimentally realizable Hamiltonians. Finally, we shortly discuss various scenarios for nonlocality detection in mesoscopic systems of trapped ions or atoms, and by atoms trapped in the vicinity of designed nanostructures.
description: 46 pages (25.2 + appendices), 7 figures
Treatment Guidance of Acute Diarrhea for Community Pharmacist
Creators: name: Thanompong Sathienluckana
Publisher: name: Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences KKU MSU UBU
Year: 2018
Subjects: Acute diarrhea, community pharmacist, treatment, antidiarrheal

description: Isan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14, 4, 1-17
(152) John Baird
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title:  S: Safety and Well-Being
Creators: name: Muñoz  ,  Jorge
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Questo capitolo descrive brevemente un’importante linea di ricerca sulla relazione tra partecipazione dei lavoratori e benessere a lavoro. Secondo la letteratura, alla quale l’autore ha dato un importante contributo, più è alta l’abilità dei lavoratori di partecipare (in una cooperativa o in una impresa tradizionale), migliori sono i risultati in termini di sicurezza e benessere sul lavoro.
description: The co-operative firm. Keywords
A SCUBA-2 850 micron Survey of Protoplanetary Discs in the IC 348 Cluster
Creators: name: Cieza, L.
name: Williams, J.
name: Kourkchi, E.
name: Andrews, S.
name: Casassus, S.
name: Graves, S.
name: Schreiber, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 850 micron observations of the 2-3 Myr cluster IC 348 in the Perseus molecular cloud using the SCUBA-2 camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Our SCUBA-2 map has a diameter of 30 arcmin and contains ~370 cluster members, including ~200 objects with IR excesses. We detect a total of 13 discs. Assuming standard dust properties and a gas to dust mass ratio of 100, we derive disc masses ranging from 1.5 to 16 M_JUP . We also detect 8 Class 0/I protostars. We find that the most massive discs (M_Disc > 3 M_JUP ; 850 micron flux > 10 mJy) in IC 348 tend to be transition objects according to the characteristic "dip" in their infrared Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). This trend is also seen in other regions. We speculate that this could be an initial conditions effect (e.g., more massive discs tend to form giant planets that result in transition disc SEDs) and/or a disc evolution effect (the formation of one or more massive planets results in both a transition disc SED and a reduction of the accretion rate, increasing the lifetime of the outer disc). A stacking analysis of the discs that remain undetected in our SCUBA-2 observations suggests that their median 850 micron flux should be ~1 mJy, corresponding to a disc mass ~0.3 M_JUP (gas plus dust) or ~1 M_Earth of dust. While the available data are not deep enough to allow a meaningful comparison of the disc luminosity functions between IC 348 and other young stellar clusters, our results imply that disc masses exceeding the Minimum Mass Solar Nebula are very rare (~1%) at the age of IC 348, especially around very low-mass stars.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
High rates of HIV testing despite low perceived HIV risk among African-American sexually transmitted disease patients.
Creators: name: Miller, William C.
name: Daniel, Mark
name: Ford, Chandra L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: In the current diagnosis-based, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention climate, previous testing among persons at elevated HIV risk has cost and efficacy implications, as it signals continued behavioral risk, limited HIV knowledge or overuse of services. This study sought to determine the proportion of African Americans newly seeking sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis who previously had obtained HIV counseling and testing. This was a clinic-based, cross-sectional survey of African-American adults (N=408) seeking STO diagnosis at a public STD clinic located in a high-HIV and STD prevalence city in the U.S. south. Eighty-four percent of respondents had previously obtained HIV counseling and testing: 68% had previously obtained care at the clinic. Sixty-five percent of respondents perceived themselves as having low or no HIV risk. Seventy-two percent correctly answered > or = 3 of 4 HIV knowledge items. Although diagnosis-based HIV prevention initiatives promote HIV counseling and testing for both primary and secondary HIV prevention, these findings suggest that many African-American STD patients remain at risk following testing. Future research should explore how the counseling portion of standard HIV counseling and testing influences subsequent knowledge, attitudes, risk perceptions and behaviors.
HMO employment and African-American physicians.
Creators: name: Konrad, Thomas R.
name: Briscoe, Forrest
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: OBJECTIVES: To assess the level and determinants of African-American physicians' employment in health maintenance organizations (HMOs), particularly early in their careers. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 1991 and 1996 Young Physicians Surveys to assess racial differences in the likelihood of HMO employment (n = 3,705). Using multinomial logistic regression, we evaluated four explanations for an observed relationship between African-American physicians and HMO employment: human capital stratification among organizations, race-based affinity between physicians and patients, financial constraints due to debt burden, and different organizational hiring practices. Using binomial logistic regression, we also evaluated differences in the odds of being turned down for a prior practice position, of subsequently leaving the current practice organization and of later having career doubts. RESULTS: Without any controls, African-American physicians were 4.52 times more likely to practice in HMOs than Caucasian physicians. After controlling for human capital stratification, racial concordance and financial constraints, African-American physicians remained 2.48 times more likely to practice in HMOs than Caucasian physicians. In addition, 19.2% of African-American physicians in HMOs reported being turned down for another job, far more than any other racial/ethnic group in the HMO setting and any racial/ethnic group, including African-American physicians in the non-HMO setting (including all other practice locations). Five years later, those same African-American physicians from HMOs also reported significantly more turnover (7.50 times more likely than non-HMO African-American physicians to leave their current practice) and doubt about their careers (2.17 times more likely than non-HMO African-American physicians to express serious career doubts). CONCLUSIONS: African-American physicians were disproportionately hired into HMO settings, impacting their subsequent careers.
Knowledge, beliefs and barriers associated with prostate cancer prevention and screening behaviors among African-American men.
Creators: name: Campbell, Marci K.
name: Reid, LaVerne
name: Romocki, LaHoma Smith
name: Jackson, Ethel Jean
name: Blocker, Deborah E.
name: Jones, Belinda L.
name: Thomas, Kamilah B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: African-American men have the highest prostate cancer rates worldwide, and innovative efforts are needed to increase cancer prevention and screening behaviors among this population. Formative research was conducted to assess attitudes and behaviors linked to prostate cancer prevention activities that could be used to develop a culturally relevant intervention for an African-American church-based population. Four gender-specific focus groups were conducted with 29 men and women at two African-American churches in central North Carolina. Three primary themes emerged from the focus group discussions: culturally and gender-influenced beliefs and barriers about cancer prevention and screening; barriers related to the healthcare system: and religious influences, including the importance of spiritual beliefs and church support. These discussions revealed the importance of the black family, the positive influence of spouses/partners on promoting cancer screening and healthy behaviors, the roles of faith and church leadership, and beliefs about God's will for good health. These findings also revealed that there are still major barriers and challenges to cancer prevention among African Americans, including continued mistrust of the medical community and negative attitudes toward specific screening tests. Findings provide important insights to consider in implementing successful prostate cancer prevention interventions designed for church-based audiences.
Multi-GPU implementation of a VMAT treatment plan optimization algorithm
Creators: name: Tian, Zhen
name: Peng, Fei
name: Folkerts, Michael
name: Tan, Jun
name: Jia, Xun
name: Jiang, Steve B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: VMAT optimization is a computationally challenging problem due to its large data size, high degrees of freedom, and many hardware constraints. High-performance graphics processing units have been used to speed up the computations. However, its small memory size cannot handle cases with a large dose-deposition coefficient (DDC) matrix. This paper is to report an implementation of our column-generation based VMAT algorithm on a multi-GPU platform to solve the memory limitation problem. The column-generation approach generates apertures sequentially by solving a pricing problem (PP) and a master problem (MP) iteratively. The DDC matrix is split into four sub-matrices according to beam angles, stored on four GPUs in compressed sparse row format. Computation of beamlet price is accomplished using multi-GPU. While the remaining steps of PP and MP problems are implemented on a single GPU due to their modest computational loads. A H&N patient case was used to validate our method. We compare our multi-GPU implementation with three single GPU implementation strategies: truncating DDC matrix (S1), repeatedly transferring DDC matrix between CPU and GPU (S2), and porting computations involving DDC matrix to CPU (S3). Two more H&N patient cases and three prostate cases were also used to demonstrate the advantages of our method. Our multi-GPU implementation can finish the optimization within ~1 minute for the H&N patient case. S1 leads to an inferior plan quality although its total time was 10 seconds shorter than the multi-GPU implementation. S2 and S3 yield same plan quality as the multi-GPU implementation but take ~4 minutes and ~6 minutes, respectively. High computational efficiency was consistently achieved for the other 5 cases. The results demonstrate that the multi-GPU implementation can handle the large-scale VMAT optimization problem efficiently without sacrificing plan quality.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables
(147) Florence Ada Brown
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Analysis of spray induced flow of gasoline direct injection (GDI) nozzle by means of time-resolved Fluorescence-Particle Image Velocimetry
Creators: name: Kling, Nils H.
name: Opfer, Lars
name: Kriegseis, Jochen
name: Rogler, Philipp
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2018

description: The development of modern gasoline direct injection (GDI) nozzles demands profound knowledge about the mechanisms of spray transport in order to minimize emissions and maximize fuel efficiency. To receive a fundamental understanding about spray transport, the present study investigates spray induced flow of a two-hole research nozzle. Air entrainment, spray-air interaction and jet-to-jet interaction are analyzed by means of timeresolved Fluorescence-Particle Image Velocimetry (FPIV). In order to achieve phase discrimination, optical filtering is applied by doping the gaseous phase with fluorescent seeding particles. The investigation considers near field and global spray characteristics by using different field of views and optical magnifications. Flow features such as displacement and entrainment are identified and localized, providing a description of strength, growth and propagation. The exchange of momentum between spray and gas indicates jet-to-jet interaction by attraction of separate spray plumes. The investigation demonstrates a dependency between spray hole inclination angle and entrainment flow. Spray plumes with smaller inclination angels tend to be more attracted than spray plumes with higher inclination angels. A disparity of momentum exchange is observed.
Reducing African-American women's sexual risk: can churches play a role?
Creators: name: McKoy, Jacintha N.
name: Petersen, Ruth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: PURPOSE: This study investigates: 1) perceptions of clergy regarding their current counseling and the need for future programs concerning sexual risk-taking, 2) sexual risk behaviors among a group of African-American women, 3) women's attitudes regarding condom use, and 4) women's receptiveness to church programs regarding sexual risks. METHODS: The clergy of 50 randomly selected predominantly African-American churches in five North Carolina counties were contacted regarding participation. Female parishioners ages 18-30 from participating churches were invited to complete written surveys concerning women's health. RESULTS: Of 50 clergy repeatedly contacted, 38 declined to participate and eight did not complete the interview. Only four interviews could be completed. Counseling regarding sexual risk was not common among the four clergy. They often advised parishioners to practice abstinence. Survey data was received from 142 respondents at 14 churches. Nearly 84% of the women surveyed had a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Almost all of the respondents were receptive to a church program regarding sexual risks. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the sexual risks among African-American women, in this study, many clergy were unwilling to address prevention and were uncomfortable discussing issues related to sexual health. However, the few clergy who agreed to participate were very receptive to future programs.
(148) A. M. McEwen
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample: V. The impact of neutral ISM kinematics and geometry on Lyman Alpha escape
Creators: name: Rivera-Thorsen, Thøger E.
name: Hayes, Matthew
name: Östlin, Göran
name: Duval, Florent
name: Orlitová, Ivana
name: Verhamme, Anne
name: Mas-Hesse, J. Miguel
name: Schaerer, Daniel
name: Cannon, John M.
name: Otí-Floranes, Héctor
name: Sandberg, Andreas
name: Guaita, Lucia
name: Adamo, Angela
name: Atek, Hakim
name: Herenz, E. Christian
name: Kunth, Daniel
name: Laursen, Peter
name: Melinder, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution far-UV spectroscopy of the 14 galaxies of the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample; a sample of strongly star-forming galaxies at low redshifts ($0.028 < z < 0.18$). We compare the derived properties to global properties derived from multi band imaging and 21 cm HI interferometry and single dish observations, as well as archival optical SDSS spectra. Besides the Lyman $α$ line, the spectra contain a number of metal absorption features allowing us to probe the kinematics of the neutral ISM and evaluate the optical depth and and covering fraction of the neutral medium as a function of line-of-sight velocity. Furthermore, we show how this, in combination with precise determination of systemic velocity and good Ly$α$ spectra, can be used to distinguish a model in which separate clumps together fully cover the background source, from the "picket fence" model named by Heckman et al. (2011). We find that no one single effect dominates in governing Ly$α$ radiative transfer and escape. Ly$α$ escape in our sample coincides with a maximum velocity-binned covering fraction of $\lesssim 0.9$ and bulk outflow velocities of $\gtrsim 50$ km s$^{-1}$, although a number of galaxies show these characteristics and yet little or no Ly$α$ escape. We find that Ly$α$ peak velocities, where available, are not consistent with a strong backscattered component, but rather with a simpler model of an intrinsic emission line overlaid by a blueshifted absorption profile from the outflowing wind. Finally, we find a strong anticorrelation between H$α$ equivalent width and maximum velocity-binned covering factor, and propose a heuristic explanatory model.
description: 28 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables
Entropic and gradient flow formulations for nonlinear diffusion
Creators: name: Dirr, Nicolas
name: Stamatakis, Marios
name: Zimmer, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K55, 60J60, 60K35, 28D20

description: Nonlinear diffusion $\partial_t ρ= Δ(Φ(ρ))$ is considered for a class of nonlinearities $Φ$. It is shown that for suitable choices of $Φ$, an associated Lyapunov functional can be interpreted as thermodynamics entropy. This information is used to derive an associated metric, here called thermodynamic metric. The analysis is confined to nonlinear diffusion obtainable as hydrodynamic limit of a zero range process. The thermodynamic setting is linked to a large deviation principle for the underlying zero range process and the corresponding equation of fluctuating hydrodynamics. For the latter connections, the thermodynamic metric plays a central role.
Companion cluster algebras to a generalized cluster algebra
Creators: name: Nakanishi, Tomoki
name: Rupel, Dylan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13F60

description: We study the $c$-vectors, $g$-vectors, and $F$-polynomials for generalized cluster algebras satisfying a normalization condition and a power condition recovering classical recursions and separation of additions formulas. We establish a relationship between the $c$-vectors, $g$-vectors, and $F$-polynomials of such a generalized cluster algebra and its (left- and right-) companion cluster algebras. Our main result states that the cluster variables and coefficients of the (left- and right-) companion cluster algebras can be recovered via a specialization of the $F$-polynomials.
description: 14 pages, 4 tables
Measures of Partisan Bias for Legislating Fair Elections
Creators: name: Nagle, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several measures of partisan bias are reviewed for single member districts with two dominant parties. These include variants of the simple bias that considers only deviation of seats from 50% at statewide 50% vote. Also included are equalization of losing votes and equalization of wasted votes, both of which apply directly when the statewide vote is not 50% and which require, not just partisan symmetry, but specific forms of the seats-votes curve. A new measure of bias is introduced, based on the geometric area between the seats-vote curve and the symmetrically inverted seats-votes curve. These measures are applied to recent Pennsylvania congressional elections and to abstract models of the seats-votes curves. The numerical values obtained from the various measures of bias are compared and contrasted. Each bias measure has merits for different seats-votes curves and for different elections, but all essentially agree for most cases when applied to measure only partisan bias, not conflated with competitiveness. This supports the inclusion of partisan fairness as a fundamental element for election law reform, and some options are discussed.
Multi-Index Stochastic Collocation for random PDEs
Creators: name: Haji-Ali, Abdul-Lateef
name: Nobile, Fabio
name: Tamellini, Lorenzo
name: Tempone, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 41A10, 65C20, 65N30, 65N05

description: In this work we introduce the Multi-Index Stochastic Collocation method (MISC) for computing statistics of the solution of a PDE with random data. MISC is a combination technique based on mixed differences of spatial approximations and quadratures over the space of random data. We propose an optimization procedure to select the most effective mixed differences to include in the MISC estimator: such optimization is a crucial step and allows us to build a method that, provided with sufficient solution regularity, is potentially more effective than other multi-level collocation methods already available in literature. We then provide a complexity analysis that assumes decay rates of product type for such mixed differences, showing that in the optimal case the convergence rate of MISC is only dictated by the convergence of the deterministic solver applied to a one dimensional problem. We show the effectiveness of MISC with some computational tests, comparing it with other related methods available in the literature, such as the Multi-Index and Multilevel Monte Carlo, Multilevel Stochastic Collocation, Quasi Optimal Stochastic Collocation and Sparse Composite Collocation methods.