cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Three-form multiplet and Inflation
Creators: name: Dudas, Emilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most successful models of inflation in supergravity have a shift symmetry for the inflaton and contain a stabilizer field coupled to the inflaton in a particular way. We argue that the natural interpretation of the stabilizer, from the viewpoint of the shift symmetry, is a three-form multiplet. Its coupling to the inflaton is uniquely determined by the shift symmetry and the invariance under three-form gauge transformations and has a natural string theory interpretation.
description: 15 pages, references added
Response of Five Miscanthus sinensis Cultivars to Grasshopper Herbivory: Implications for Monitoring of Invasive Grasses in Protected Areas
Creators: name: Avanesyan, Alina
name: Lamp, William O.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: grasses
cultivated varieties
invasive plants
plant-insect interactions
plant tolerance
plant resistance
Poaceae
response to herbivores

description: Introduced grasses can aggressively expand their range and invade native habitats, including protected areas. Miscanthus sinensis is an introduced ornamental grass with 100+ cultivars of various invasive potential. Previous studies have demonstrated that the invasive potential of M. sinensis cultivars may be linked to seed viability, and some of the physiological traits, such as growth rate. Little is known, however, about whether these traits are associated with response of M. sinensis to insect herbivory, and whether plant tolerance and resistance to herbivory vary among its cultivars; which, in turn, can contribute to the invasive potential of some of M. sinensis cultivars. To address this issue, in our study we explored the response of five cultivars of M. sinensis to herbivory by Melanoplus grasshoppers. We demonstrated that plant responses varied among the cultivars during a season; all the cultivars, but “Zebrinus”, demonstrated a significant increase in plant tolerance by the end of the growing season regardless of the amount of sustained leaf damage. Different patterns in plant responses from “solid green” and “striped/spotted” varieties were recorded, with the lowest plant resistance detected for “Autumn Anthem” in the cage experiment. Our results have important applications for monitoring low-risk invaders in protected areas, as well as for biotic resistance of native communities to invasive grasses.
On the amplification of magnetic fields in cosmic filaments and galaxy clusters
Creators: name: Vazza, F.
name: Brüggen, M.
name: Gheller, C.
name: Wang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amplification of primordial magnetic fields via a small-scale turbulent dynamo during structure formation might be able to explain the observed magnetic fields in galaxy clusters. The magnetisation of more tenuous large-scale structures such as cosmic filaments is more uncertain, as it is challenging for numerical simulations to achieve the required dynamical range. In this work, we present magneto-hydrodynamical cosmological simulations on large uniform grids to study the amplification of primordial seed fields in the intracluster medium (ICM) and in the warm-hot-intergalactic medium (WHIM). In the ICM, we confirm that turbulence caused by structure formation can produce a significant dynamo amplification, even if the amplification is smaller than what is reported in other papers. In the WHIM inside filaments, we do not observe significant dynamo amplification, even though we achieve Reynolds numbers of $R_{\rm e} \sim 200-300$. The maximal amplification for large filaments is of the order of $\sim 100$ for the magnetic energy, corresponding to a typical field of a few $\sim \rm nG$ starting from a primordial weak field of $10^{-10}$ G (comoving). In order to start a small-scale dynamo, we found that a minimum of $\sim 10^2$ resolution elements across the virial radius of galaxy clusters was necessary. In filaments we could not find a minimum resolution to set off a dynamo. This stems from the inefficiency of supersonic motions in the WHIM in triggering solenoidal modes and small-scale twisting of magnetic field structures. Magnetic fields this small will make it hard to detect filaments in radio observations.
description: MNRAS accepted, in press. 18 pages, 18 Figures. New version to match with the one published in MNRAS. Updated publication list and footnote added to the title as obituary notice
Evaluating the replicability and specificity of evidence for natural pedagogy theory
Creators: name: Silverstein, Priya
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020
Subjects: infancy
development
communication
replication
open science
ostensive cues

description: Do infants understand that they are being communicated to? This thesis first outlines issues facing the field of infancy research that affect confidence in the literature on this (and any) topic to date. Following this, an introductory chapter evaluates evidence for the three core claims of Natural Pedagogy (NP), and the compatibility of this evidence with alternative theories. This is followed by three experimental chapters. In Study 1, we attempted two replications of the study with the highest theoretical value for NP (Yoon et al., 2008). This study has high stakes theoretically, as it is the only study providing evidence for the most specific claim of NP that is difficult to explain by low-level mechanisms. Therefore, a replication of this result that included a reduction of possible confounds and a more sophisticated measure of attention throughout the task was of great theoretical value. In this study, we were unable to replicate the original findings. In Study 2 we went beyond the evidence for the claims made in the outline of NP, and instead generated a new, specific prediction that we believe NP would make. This is important, as theories are only useful if they can make clear, testable predictions. In this study, we pitted pedagogically demonstrated actions and simple actions against each other and evaluated infants’ transmission of these actions to someone else. We found no evidence for NP, finding evidence for preferential transmission of simple actions instead. In Study 3 we went beyond NP, and tested a clear prediction stemming from an alternative low-level theory for how infants develop gaze-following ability. We found evidence that infants learn to gaze-follow through reinforcement. Overall, this thesis contributes to the vast literature on infants as recipients of communication, as well as highlighting methods for conducting open and reproducible infancy research.
Knowing Our True Self and Transforming Suffering toward Peace and Love: Embodying the Wisdom of the Heart Sutra and the Diamond Sutra
Creators: name: Lin, Jing
name: Khoo, Yishin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: Buddhism
enlightenment
Heart Sutra
Diamond Sutra
true self
interbeing
love
transformation

description: The biggest crisis that we are in nowadays is existential, which is the state of not knowing our true natures or our true selves; hence, we suffer from deep anxiety and we fail to find safety and a way to ground ourselves. In this article, we share our practical experiences of encountering and practicing the teachings of two important Buddhist scriptures: the Heart Sutra and the Diamond Sutra. We show how both sutras, and especially their teachings on emptiness, allow us to remove our attachment to a sense of a separate self, which deepens our understanding about life, and transforms suffering toward peace and love. We further demonstrate the importance of meditation, contemplative chanting and reading, and experimentation with Buddhist teachings as pathways towards understanding our true natures. In sum, both sutras help us to go beyond the materialistic, capitalistic, narrow vision of who we are and to access the higher dimension of our existence, which allows us to discover our cosmic selves in the ultimate reality. It is through experiencing one’s true self that one gains a greater capacity to seek social transformation in times of crisis.
An investigation into the extracellular matrix characteristics of osteosarcoma cells using Raman spectroscopy
Creators: name: Shepherd, Laura
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020

description: Osteosarcoma is an aggressive, rare, and highly heterogeneous malignancy that quickly metastasises and predominantly affects young adults in the pubertal growth phase. This sarcoma has multiple subtypes, with few unifying features. The production of tumour osteoid from the malignant mesenchymal cells is a hallmark feature and histological requirement for diagnosis, identified from an invasive biopsy. A non-invasive technique with the ability to analyse tumour osteoid, diagnose osteosarcoma and detect early changes, would be clinically useful. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the extracellular matrix characteristics of the MG63, SaOS-2, and Te85 osteosarcoma cell lines, using Raman spectroscopy and Alizarin Red staining. COVID-19 implications disrupted the completion of planned/prepared experiments, so the investigation refocused on the analysis of the MG63 cell line using Raman spectroscopy. MG63 cells were grown in osteogenic medium and fixed in formalin at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days. An inVia Raman microspectrometer (Renishaw plc) with a 785nm laser was used to obtain spectra at each time point. The data was pre-processed, and principal component and linear discriminant analyses were performed, revealing protein and lipid associated peaks predominantly contributed to the variance between time points. Early mineral species were also identified, contributing to the separation of day 35 spectra from the other time points. Differences in protein secondary structure were identified by the univariate analysis, indicating increased collagenous organisation in the later time points. This investigation demonstrated the ability of Raman spectroscopy to differentiate between MG63 cells at different time points, based on biomolecular differences, associated with osteoid production and proliferation related changes. This is clinically valuable for the development of screening/diagnostics tools in osteosarcoma, as Raman spectroscopy could be used to detect early molecular changes, before clinical signs and symptoms. This versatile technique has the potential to revolutionise oncological screening and diagnostics.
Influence of Manure Application on the Soil Bacterial Microbiome in Integrated Crop-Livestock Farms in Maryland
Creators: name: Peng, Mengfei
name: Tabashsum, Zajeba
name: Millner, Patricia
name: Parveen, Salina
name: Biswas, Debabrata
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: soil microbiota
compost
soil biological amendments
agricultural farm
produce

description: As a traditional agricultural system, integrated crop-livestock farms (ICLFs) involve the production of animals and crops in a shared environment. The ICLFs in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States practice sustainable manure aging or composting processes to provide an on-farm source of soil amendment for use as natural fertilizer and soil conditioner for crop production. However, crop fertilization by soil incorporation of aged manure or compost may introduce different microbes and alter the soil microbial community. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of aged or composted manure application on the diversity of soil bacterial community in ICLFs. Soil samples from six ICLFs in Maryland were collected before (pre-crop) and during the season (2020–2021) and used to analyze soil bacterial microbiome by 16S rDNA sequencing. Results showed that both phylum- and genus-level alterations of soil bacterial communities were associated with amendment of aged or composted manure. Particularly, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were enriched, while Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Planctomycetes, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were reduced after manure product application. Meanwhile, the relative abundance of Bacillus was decreased, while two zoonotic pathogens, Salmonella and Listeria, were enriched by manure amendments. Overall, animal manure amendment of soil increased the phylogenetic diversity, but reduced the richness and evenness of the soil bacterial communities. Although manure composting management in ICLFs benefits agricultural sustainable production, the amendments altered the soil bacterial communities and were associated with the finding of two major zoonotic bacterial pathogens, which raises the possibility of their potential transfer to fresh horticultural produce crops that may be produced on the manured soils and then subsequently consumed without cooking.
title: Primary bone lymphoma of the humerus (about a case and literature review)
title: Lymphome osseux primitif de l’humérus (à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature)
Creators: name: Yahyaoui, Mounir
Publisher: name: Revue Marocaine de Rhumatologie (RMR)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Lymphome osseux primitif ; Chimiothérapie ; Radiothérapie ; Biopsie

description: Primary localised bone lymphoma is a rare affection prevalent in humans. It often involves long bones, but can be found in all the skeleton bones. The diagnosis is based on the anatomopathological study with immunohistochemical study of a bone biopsy. Treatment is based on chemotherapy (with or without anti-CD20) followed by radiotherapy. The prognosis of primary localised bone lymphoma is very favorable. We also report the first diagnosed case of primary bone lymphoma of the humerus since the inauguration of our university hospital (since September 2014).
description: Le lymphome osseux primitif localisé est une affection rare, prédominant chez l’homme. Il intéresse souvent les os longs, mais peut siéger dans tous les os du squelette. Le diagnostic repose sur l’étude anatomopathologique avec étude immunohistochimique d’une biopsie osseuse. Le traitement repose sur une chimiothérapie (avec ou sans anti-CD20) suivie de radiothérapie. Le pronostic du lymphome osseux primitif localisé est très favorable. Nous rapportons également le premier cas diagnostiqué d’un lymphome osseux primitif de l’humérus depuis l’inauguration de notre CHU (depuis Septembre 2014).
Superconductivity in Uranium Compounds
Creators: name: Mineev, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of microscopic theory it is demonstrated how the coupling between the electrons by means of magnetization fluctuations in ferromagnetic metal with orthorhombic symmetry gives rise equal spin pairing superconducting state with general form of the order parameter dictated by symmetry. The strong upturn of the upper critical field along $b$-direction above 5 Tesla in UCoGe is explained by the increase of pairing interaction caused by the suppression of the Curie temperature by magnetic field parallel to b-axis. It is proposed that similar phenomenon at much higher field must take place also for the field directed along the magnetically hardest a-direction.
description: 10 pages
COVID-19 and the Creeping Necropolitics of Crimmigration Control
Creators: name: Koulish, Robert
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a drastic impact on migration and migrants and immigration policies worldwide. Considering that over 250 million people have contracted the disease globally, includingin that figure 5.1 million deaths, there is hardly any part of the globe which has escaped government attempts to control migration in order to stop the spread of disease. Migrants, particularly those in detention, have been the most susceptible to COVID-19, and the most vulnerable to punitive COVID-19 politics, as the pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on institutionalized populations (Turcotte 2021).
Soft chemical control of superconductivity in lithium iron selenide hydroxides Li1-xFex(OH)Fe1-ySe
Creators: name: Sun, Hualei
name: Woodruff, Daniel N.
name: Cassidy, Simon J.
name: Allcroft, Genevieve M.
name: Sedlmaier, Stefan J.
name: Thompson, Amber L.
name: Bingham, Paul A.
name: Forder, Susan D.
name: Cartenet, Simon
name: Mary, Nicolas
name: Ramos, Silvia
name: Foronda, Francesca R.
name: Williams, Benjamin H.
name: Li, Xiaodong
name: Blundell, Stephen J.
name: Clarke, Simon J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hydrothermal synthesis is described of layered lithium iron selenide hydroxides Li1-xFex(OH)Fe1-ySe (x ~ 0.2; 0.02 < y < 0.15) with a wide range of iron site vacancy concentrations in the iron selenide layers. This iron vacancy concentration is revealed as the only significant compositional variable and as the key parameter controlling the crystal structure and the electronic properties. Single crystal X-ray diffraction, neutron powder diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements are used to demonstrate that superconductivity at temperatures as high as 40 K is observed in the hydrothermally synthesised samples when the iron vacancy concentration is low (y < 0.05) and when the iron oxidation state is reduced slightly below +2, while samples with a higher vacancy concentration and a correspondingly higher iron oxidation state are not superconducting. The importance of combining a low iron oxidation state with a low vacancy concentration in the iron selenide layers is emphasised by the demonstration that reductive post-synthetic lithiation of the samples turns on superconductivity with critical temperatures exceeding 40 K by displacing iron atoms from the Li1-xFex(OH) reservoir layer to fill vacancies in the selenide layer
description: 7 pages supplementary material available from Journal, Inorganic Chemistry 2015
From Quantum Codes to Gravity: A Journey of Gravitizing Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Cao, Chun-Jun
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: quantum gravity
emergent spacetime
quantum error correction

description: In this note, I review a recent approach to quantum gravity that “gravitizes” quantum mechanics by emerging geometry and gravity from complex quantum states. Drawing further insights from tensor network toy models in AdS/CFT, I propose that approximate quantum error correction codes, when re-adapted into the aforementioned framework, also have promise in emerging gravity in near-flat geometries.
Phonon-Assisted Lasing in ZnO Microwires at Room Temperature
Creators: name: Michalsky, T.
name: Wille, M.
name: Dietrich, C. P.
name: Röder, R.
name: Ronning, C.
name: Schmidt-Grund, R.
name: Grundmann, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78-05, 78A60

description: We report on room temperature phonon-assisted whispering gallery mode (WGM) lasing in ZnO microwires. For WGM laser action on the basis of the low gain phonon scattering process high quality resonators with sharp corners and smooth facets are prerequisite. Above the excitation threshold power $P_{\textit{Th}}$ of typically $100\,kW/cm^2$, the recombination of free excitons under emission of two longitudinal optical phonons provides sufficient gain to overcome all losses in the microresonator and to result in laser oscillation. This threshold behavior is accompanied by a distinct change of the far and near field emission patterns, revealing the WGM related nature of the lasing modes. The spectral evolution as well as the characteristic behavior of the integrated photoluminescence intensity versus the excitation power unambiguously prove laser operation. Polarization-resolved measurements show that the laser emission is linear polarized perpendicular to the microwire axis (TE).
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Separate Universe Simulations
Creators: name: Wagner, Christian
name: Schmidt, Fabian
name: Chiang, Chi-Ting
name: Komatsu, Eiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The large-scale statistics of observables such as the galaxy density are chiefly determined by their dependence on the local coarse-grained matter density. This dependence can be measured directly and efficiently in N-body simulations by using the fact that a uniform density perturbation with respect to some fiducial background cosmology is equivalent to modifying the background and including curvature, i.e., by simulating a "separate universe". We derive this mapping to fully non-linear order, and provide a step-by-step description of how to perform and analyse the separate universe simulations. This technique can be applied to a wide range of observables. As an example, we calculate the response of the non-linear matter power spectrum to long-wavelength density perturbations, which corresponds to the angle-averaged squeezed limit of the matter bispectrum and higher $n$-point functions. Using only a modest simulation volume, we obtain results with percent-level precision over a wide range of scales.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, submitted to MNRAS. References added, typos corrected. Added a paragraph on DE perturbations
Ratio B(E2, 4\rightarrow2)/B(E2, 2\rightarrow 0) in Even-Even Nuclei:Apparent Anomalous Behavior of the Chromium Isotopes
Creators: name: Hertz-Kintish, Daniel
name: Zamick, Larry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the ratio RE4 = B(E2,4\rightarrow2)/B(E2,2\rightarrow 0) for the lowest 2^{+} and 4^{+} states in even-even nuclei. In the rotatonal and vibrational models and the shell model calculations here considered, RE4 is greater than one, however empirically, using adopted values from NNDC for ^{48}Cr and ^{50} Cr this ratio is less than one.
Numerical and Experimental Study of a Novel Additively Manufactured Metal-Polymer Composite Heat-Exchanger for Liquid Cooling Electronics
Creators: name: Kalikhura, Gargi
name: Mandel, Raphael Kahat
name: Shooshtari, Amir
name: Ohadi, Michael
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: air-to-water HX
cross-media
additive manufacturing
experiment
3D CFD modeling
ellipsoidal tube banks

description: In order to meet increasing power-dissipation requirements of the electronics industry, compact, low-cost, and lightweight heat exchangers (HXs) are desired. With proper design, materials, and manufacture, polymer composite heat exchangers could meet these requirements. This paper presents a novel crossflow air-to-water, low-cost, and lightweight metal-polymer composite HX. This HX, which is entirely additively manufactured, utilizes a novel cross-media approach that provides direct heat exchange between air and liquid sides by using connecting fins. A robust numerical model was developed, which includes the dimensional effects of additive manufacturing. The study consists of a simplified 3D CFD model based on ellipsoidal-shaped staggered tube banks for the laminar range. It then uses an analytical approach to compute entire HX performance. The model is validated experimentally within 8% for thermal performance, 12% for air-side impedance, and 18% for water-side impedance. Finally, HX is compared with a conventional CPU radiator and performs within 10% of the conventional unit for reasonable flow rates and pressure-drop ranges. Moreover, HX also provides added design and cost advantages over the conventional unit, which makes the HX a potential candidate for electronic cooling applications.
Hunting down systematics in baryon acoustic oscillations after cosmic high noon
Creators: name: Prada, Francisco
name: Scoccola, Claudia G.
name: Chuang, Chia-Hsun
name: Yepes, Gustavo
name: Klypin, Anatoly A.
name: Kitaura, Francisco-Shu
name: Gottlober, Stefan
name: Zhao, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Future dark energy experiments will require better and more accurate theoretical predictions for the baryonic acoustic oscillations (BAO) signature in the spectrum of cosmological perturbations. Here, we use large N-body simulations of the \LambdaCDM Planck cosmology to study any possible systematic shifts and damping in BAO due to the impact of nonlinear gravitational growth of structure, scale dependent and non-local bias, and redshift-space distortions. The effect of cosmic variance is largely reduced by dividing the tracer power spectrum by that from a BAO-free simulation starting with the same phases. This permits us to study with unprecedented accuracy (better than 0.02% for dark matter and 0.07% for low-bias halos) small shifts of the pristine BAO wavenumbers towards larger k, and non-linear damping of BAO wiggles in the power spectrum of dark matter and halo populations in the redshift range z=0-1. For dark matter, we provide an accurate parametrization of the evolution of αas a function of the linear growth factor D(z). For halo samples, with bias ranging from 1.2 to 2.8, we measure a typical BAO shift of ~0.25%, observed in real-space, which does not show an appreciable evolution with redshift within the uncertainties. Moreover, we report a constant shift as a function of halo bias. We find a different evolution of the damping of the acoustic feature in all halo samples as compared to dark matter with haloes suffering less damping, and also find some weak dependence on bias. A larger BAO shift and damping is measured in redshift-space which can be well explained by linear theory due to redshift-space distortions. A clear modulation in phase with the acoustic scale is observed in the scale-dependent halo bias due to the presence of the baryonic acoustic oscillations.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Signatures of Extra Dimensional Sterile Neutrinos
Creators: name: Rodejohann, Werner
name: Zhang, He
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a large extra dimension model with active and sterile Dirac neutrinos. The sterile neutrino masses stem from compactification of an extra dimension with radius $R$ and are chosen to have masses around eV or keV, in order to explain short-baseline anomalies or act as warm dark matter candidates. We study the effect of the sterile neutrino Kaluza-Klein tower in short-baseline oscillation experiments and in the beta spectrum as measurable by KATRIN-like experiments.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures. Comments and references added, matches published version
Identifying Inhibitors of −1 Programmed Ribosomal Frameshifting in a Broad Spectrum of Coronaviruses
Creators: name: Munshi, Sneha
name: Neupane, Krishna
name: Ileperuma, Sandaru M.
name: Halma, Matthew T. J.
name: Kelly, Jamie A.
name: Halpern, Clarissa F.
name: Dinman, Jonathan D.
name: Loerch, Sarah
name: Woodside, Michael T.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: coronavirus
SARS-CoV-2
programmed ribosomal frameshifting
translation
therapeutics

description: Recurrent outbreaks of novel zoonotic coronavirus (CoV) diseases in recent years have highlighted the importance of developing therapeutics with broad-spectrum activity against CoVs. Because all CoVs use −1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (−1 PRF) to control expression of key viral proteins, the frameshift signal in viral mRNA that stimulates −1 PRF provides a promising potential target for such therapeutics. To test the viability of this strategy, we explored whether small-molecule inhibitors of −1 PRF in SARS-CoV-2 also inhibited −1 PRF in a range of bat CoVs—the most likely source of future zoonoses. Six inhibitors identified in new and previous screens against SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated against the frameshift signals from a panel of representative bat CoVs as well as MERS-CoV. Some drugs had strong activity against subsets of these CoV-derived frameshift signals, while having limited to no effect on −1 PRF caused by frameshift signals from other viruses used as negative controls. Notably, the serine protease inhibitor nafamostat suppressed −1 PRF significantly for multiple CoV-derived frameshift signals. These results suggest it is possible to find small-molecule ligands that inhibit −1 PRF specifically in a broad spectrum of CoVs, establishing frameshift signals as a viable target for developing pan-coronaviral therapeutics.
title: Brief von Günter Bamberg an Kurt Rothschild
Creators: name: Bamberg, Günter
Year: 2017

description: Im Brief enthalten ist ein Brief von Tibor Karpati (aus Osijek) an Günter Bamberg mit der Bitte, Glückwünsche zur Verleihung der Ehrendoktorwürde an Kurt Rothschild weiterzuleiten.
description: Typoskript mit handschriftlichem Teil, 1 Blatt
Assessing the efficacy of artificial seed-coatings and microbial amendments for drone-facilitated revegetation
Creators: name: Alfonzetti, Matthew
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: More than 52 million hectares of Australian land is considered degraded and, in recent years, pressures such as drought, land clearing, and bushfires have sharply increased. Currently, seed-based revegetation is often limited by low rates of seedling establishment. As such, there is a strong need for new, innovative, large-scale approaches to restoring diverse vegetation, often on difficult terrain. Considering this, AirSeed Technologies – a Sydney-based start-up company who use aerial drones in direct-seeding revegetation – are testing artificial seed-coatings (‘Seed Pods’) which incorporate microbial amendments with the aim of increasing seed emergence rates and plant growth. This thesis explores the efficacy of this technique using a manipulative glasshouse experiment with three treatments (bare-seeded; Seed Pods; Seed Pods + microbial amendment) for four native plant species. Plant growth data were analysed alongside soil nutrient concentrations and microbial community diversity quantifications. Seed Pods were shown to increase plant growth relative to bare-seeded treatments, however, the technique may not be suitable for small seeds or those requiring to be surface-sown. The microbial amendment did not result in further significant improvements in any measured aspect of plant growth. Ultimately, these results highlight exciting prospects for the application of drone-delivered artificial seed-coatings in facilitating efficient restoration.
String homology, and closed geodesics on manifolds which are elliptic spaces
Creators: name: Jones, J. D. S.
name: McCleary, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 55P50, Secondary: 58E10, 55P35,

description: Let $M$ be a closed simply connected smooth manifold. Let $\F_p$ be the finite field with $p$ elements where $p> 0$ is a prime integer. Suppose that $M$ is an $\F_p$-elliptic space in the sense of [FHT91]. We prove that if the cohomology algebra $H^*(M, \F_p)$ cannot be generated (as an algebra) by one element, then any Riemannian metric on $M$ has an infinite number of geometrically distinct closed geodesics. The starting point is a classical theorem of Gromoll and Meyer [GM69]. The proof uses string homology, in particular the spectral sequence of [CJY04], the main theorem of [McC87], and the structure theorem for elliptic Hopf algebras over $\F_p$ from [FHT91].
Classification of Blood Volume Decompensation State via Machine Learning Analysis of Multi-Modal Wearable-Compatible Physiological Signals
Creators: name: Chalamuri, Yekanth Ram
name: Kimball, Jacob P.
name: Mousavi, Azin
name: Zia, Jonathan S.
name: Rolfes, Christopher
name: Parreira, Jesse D.
name: Inan, Omer T.
name: Hahn, Jin-Oh
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: hypovolemia
blood volume
machine learning
seismocardiogram
ballistocardiogram
wearables

description: This paper presents a novel computational algorithm to estimate blood volume decompensation state based on machine learning (ML) analysis of multi-modal wearable-compatible physiological signals. To the best of our knowledge, our algorithm may be the first of its kind which can not only discriminate normovolemia from hypovolemia but also classify hypovolemia into absolute hypovolemia and relative hypovolemia. We realized our blood volume classification algorithm by (i) extracting a multitude of features from multi-modal physiological signals including the electrocardiogram (ECG), the seismocardiogram (SCG), the ballistocardiogram (BCG), and the photoplethysmogram (PPG), (ii) constructing two ML classifiers using the features, one to classify normovolemia vs. hypovolemia and the other to classify hypovolemia into absolute hypovolemia and relative hypovolemia, and (iii) sequentially integrating the two to enable multi-class classification (normovolemia, absolute hypovolemia, and relative hypovolemia). We developed the blood volume decompensation state classification algorithm using the experimental data collected from six animals undergoing normovolemia, relative hypovolemia, and absolute hypovolemia challenges. Leave-one-subject-out analysis showed that our classification algorithm achieved an F1 score and accuracy of (i) 0.93 and 0.89 in classifying normovolemia vs. hypovolemia, (ii) 0.88 and 0.89 in classifying hypovolemia into absolute hypovolemia and relative hypovolemia, and (iii) 0.77 and 0.81 in classifying the overall blood volume decompensation state. The analysis of the features embedded in the ML classifiers indicated that many features are physiologically plausible, and that multi-modal SCG-BCG fusion may play an important role in achieving good blood volume classification efficacy. Our work may complement existing computational algorithms to estimate blood volume compensatory reserve as a potential decision-support tool to provide guidance on context-sensitive hypovolemia therapeutic strategy.
Intrinsic circular polarization in centrosymmetric stacks of transition-metal dichalcogenides
Creators: name: Liu, Qihang
name: Zhang, Xiuwen
name: Zunger, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The circular polarization (CP) that the photoluminescence inherits from the excitation source in n monolayers of transition-metal dichalcogenides (MX2)n has been previously explained as a special feature of odd values of n, where the inversion symmetry is absent. This valley polarization effect results from the fact that in the absence of inversion, charge carriers in different band valleys could be selectively excited by different circular polarized light. Such restriction to non-centrosymmetric systems poses a limitation on the material selection for achieving CP. Although several experiments observed CP in centrosymmetric MX2 systems e.g., for bilayer in MX2, they were dismissed as being due to some extrinsic sample irregularities. Here we show that also for n = even where inversion symmetry is present and valley polarization physics is strictly absent, such intrinsic selectivity in CP is to be expected on the basis of fundamental spin-orbit physics. First-principles calculations of CP predict significant polarization for n = 2 bilayers: from 69% in MoS2 to 93% in WS2. This realization could broaden the range of materials to be considered as CP sources.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures and Supplementary Materials
Level truncation analysis of a simple tachyon vacuum solution in cubic superstring field theory
Creators: name: Arroyo, E. Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the vacuum energy of a simple tachyon vacuum solution using the level truncation scheme in cubic superstring field theory. By truncating the standard Virasoro $L_0$ level expansion of the solution, we obtain a value of the vacuum energy in agreement with Sen's first conjecture.
description: 20 pages, extra factor 2/\pi deleted from equation (3.2), some typos corrected
Challenges of Overcoming Defects in Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Power Electronics
Creators: name: Setera, Brett
name: Christou, Aristos
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: GaN
wide bandgap
reliability
extreme environments
high voltage
defects
dislocations
X-ray topography
field effect transistors
vertical power devices
diamond semiconductor
ultra-wide bandgap

description: The role of crystal defects in wide bandgap semiconductors and dielectrics under extreme environments (high temperature, high electric and magnetic fields, intense radiation, and mechanical stresses) found in power electronics is reviewed. Understanding defects requires real-time in situ material characterization during material synthesis and when the material is subjected to extreme environmental stress. Wide bandgap semiconductor devices are reviewed from the point of view of the role of defects and their impact on performance. It is shown that the reduction of defects represents a fundamental breakthrough that will enable wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors to reach full potential. The main emphasis of the present review is to understand defect dynamics in WBG semiconductor bulk and at interfaces during the material synthesis and when subjected to extreme environments. High-brightness X-rays from synchrotron sources and advanced electron microscopy techniques are used for atomic-level material probing to understand and optimize the genesis and movement of crystal defects during material synthesis and extreme environmental stress. Strongly linked multi-scale modeling provides a deeper understanding of defect formation and defect dynamics in extreme environments.
Novel Methods for Anomaly Detection
Creators: name: Fisch, Alex
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020

description: Anomaly detection is of increasing importance in the data rich world of today. It can be applied to a broad range of challenges ranging from fault detection to fraud prevention and cyber-security. Many of these application require algorithms which are very scalable, as well as accurate, due to large data volumes and/or limited computational resources. This thesis contributes three novel approaches to the field of anomaly detection. The first contribution, Collective And Point Anomalies (CAPA) detects and distinguishes between both collective and point anomalies in linear time. The second contribution, MultiVariate Collective And Point Anomalies (MVCAPA) extends CAPA to the multivariate setting. The third contribution is a novel particle based kalman filter which detects and distinguished between additive outliers and innovative outliers.
Gaussian interferometric power
Creators: name: Adesso, Gerardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interferometric power of a bipartite quantum state quantifies the precision, measured by quantum Fisher information, that such a state enables for the estimation of a parameter embedded in a unitary dynamics applied to one subsystem only, in the worst-case scenario where a full knowledge of the generator of the dynamics is not available a priori. For finite-dimensional systems, this quantity was proven to be a faithful measure of quantum correlations beyond entanglement. Here we extend the notion of interferometric power to the technologically relevant setting of optical interferometry with continuous-variable probes. By restricting to Gaussian local dynamics, we obtain a closed formula for the interferometric power of all two-mode Gaussian states. We identify separable and entangled Gaussian states which maximize the interferometric power at fixed mean photon number of the probes, and discuss the associated metrological scaling. At fixed entanglement of the probes, highly thermalized states can guarantee considerably larger precision than pure two-mode squeezed states.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in PRA
Interview with David Huang, M.D., Ph.D.
Creators: name: Oregon Health & Science University
Publisher: name: Oregon Health & Science University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Tomography, Optical Coherence
subject: Ophthalmology
subject: Eye Diseases
subject: Research
subject: Biomedical Engineering
subject: FOS: Medical engineering
subject: Software
subject: Retina
subject: Glaucoma
subject: Corneal Surgery, Laser

description: Dr. David Huang is a Professor of Ophthalmology and Biomedical Engineering in the School of Medicine, an Associate Director & Director of Research at Casey Eye Institute, and Director of the Center for Ophthalmic Optics & Lasers. In this oral history, Dr. Yali Jia interviews Dr. Huang about his education and research background, his early career, and the chance occurrences and unpredictable events that led him to developing Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). Other notable topics include Dr. Huang’s journey to OHSU, his extensive clinical research output, and how his background in biomedical and electrical engineering influences his work.
Low EUV Luminosities Impinging on Protoplanetary Disks
Creators: name: Pascucci, I.
name: Ricci, L.
name: Gorti, U.
name: Hollenbach, D.
name: Hendler, N. P.
name: Brooks, K. J.
name: Contreras, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The amount of high-energy stellar radiation reaching the surface of protoplanetary disks is essential to determine their chemistry and physical evolution. Here, we use millimetric and centimetric radio data to constrain the EUV luminosity impinging on 14 disks around young (~2-10Myr) sun-like stars. For each object we identify the long-wavelength emission in excess to the dust thermal emission, attribute that to free-free disk emission, and thereby compute an upper limit to the EUV reaching the disk. We find upper limits lower than 10$^{42}$ photons/s for all sources without jets and lower than $5 \times 10^{40}$ photons/s for the three older sources in our sample. These latter values are low for EUV-driven photoevaporation alone to clear out protoplanetary material in the timescale inferred by observations. In addition, our EUV upper limits are too low to reproduce the [NeII] 12.81 micron luminosities from three disks with slow [NeII]-detected winds. This indicates that the [NeII] line in these sources primarily traces a mostly neutral wind where Ne is ionized by 1 keV X-ray photons, implying higher photoevaporative mass loss rates than those predicted by EUV-driven models alone. In summary, our results suggest that high-energy stellar photons other than EUV may dominate the dispersal of protoplanetary disks around sun-like stars.
description: Accepted for publication to The Astrophysical Journal
Sound velocity bound and neutron stars
Creators: name: Bedaque, Paulo F.
name: Steiner, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been conjectured that the velocity of sound in any medium is smaller than the velocity of light in vacuum divided by $\sqrt{3}$. Simple arguments support this bound in non-relativistic and/or weakly coupled theories. The bound has been demonstrated in several classes of strongly coupled theories with gravity duals and is saturated only in conformal theories. We point out that the existence of neutron stars with masses around two solar masses combined with the knowledge of the equation of state of hadronic matter at "low" densities is in strong tension with this bound.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Associations between sleep, brain, and cognitive performance using the ENIGMA-Sleep data
Creators: name: Bi, Hanwen
name: Bülow, Robin
name: Deantoni, Michele
name: Elmenhorst, David
name: Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria
name: Ewert, Ralf
name: Ferrarelli, Fabio
name: Frenzel, Stefan
name: Grabe, Hans J.
name: Hoepel, Sanne J. W.
name: Hoffstaedter, Felix
name: Jahanshad, Neda
name: Keihani, Ahmadreza
name: Küppers, Vincent
name: Luik, Annemarie I.
name: Mayeli, Ahmad
name: Mortazavi, Nasrin
name: Nilsonne, Gustav
name: Rupp, Julia S
name: Saberi, Amin
name: Schmidt, Christina
name: Spiegelhalder, Kai
name: Tamm, Sandra
name: Thomopoulos, Sophia I.
name: Thompson, Paul M.
name: Valk, Sofie
name: Vandewalle, Gilles
name: Völzke, Henry
name: Weihs, Antoine
name: Wexler, Joseph
name: Wittfeld, Katharina
name: Eickhoff, Simon
name: Patil, Kaustubh
name: Raimondo, Federico
name: Tahmasian, Masoud
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2023

description: INM Retreat, Jülich, Germany, 17 Oct 2023 - 18 Oct 2023
title: Απολλώνιο: προσεγγίζοντας το όνειρο
title: Apollonio: approaching the dream
Creators: name: Στρατακη Μαρια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description: Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία εστιάζει στη διερεύνηση του σχεδιασμού του οικισμού του Απολλωνίου στο Πόρτο Ράφτη, σχεδιασμένο από τον αρχιτέκτονα και πολεοδόμο Κωνσταντίνο Δοξιάδη. Το Απολλώνιο αποτελούσε το όραμα του Δοξιάδη για τους ανθρώπινους οικισμούς και κύριό του μέλημα για τον σχεδιασμό του ήταν η εναρμόνιση των σύγχρονων αναγκών και της τεχνολογίας μαζί με το ελληνικό τοπίο, ενώ ταυτόχρονα θα διατηρούνταν η ανθρώπινη κλίμακα ενός ελληνικού νησιώτικου χωριού με τα χαρακτηριστικά της απλότητας και της ομορφιάς του τόπου.
Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η μελέτη του οικισμού σε όλες τις κλίμακες σχεδιασμού και η διερεύνηση της προσαρμογής και αποτύπωσης στοιχείων των θεωριών που είχε αναπτύξει ο Δοξιάδης, της προσωπικότητας του, άλλων προγενέστερων οικιστικών του έργων, καθώς επίσης και στοιχείων που προσάρμοσε στον οικισμό λόγω των επιρροών που δέχτηκε από ποικίλες προσωπικότητες και από διάφορα αρχιτεκτονικά κινήματα της εποχής. Παράλληλα, διερευνάται σε τι βαθμό ο Δοξιάδης εφάρμοσε στον οικισμό όλα τα στοιχεία της Εντοπίας, της ιδανικής κοινότητας, και σε τι βαθμό άλλαξε και αλλοίωσε το όραμά του για τον οικισμό, λόγω οικονομικών και κοινωνικών παραγόντων.