cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
BrainIB: Interpretable Brain Network-based Psychiatric Diagnosis with Graph Information Bottleneck
Creators: name: Zheng, Kaizhong
name: Yu, Shujian
name: Li, Baojuan
name: Jenssen, Robert
name: Chen, Badong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Developing a new diagnostic models based on the underlying biological mechanisms rather than subjective symptoms for psychiatric disorders is an emerging consensus. Recently, machine learning-based classifiers using functional connectivity (FC) for psychiatric disorders and healthy controls are developed to identify brain markers. However, existing machine learning-based diagnostic models are prone to over-fitting (due to insufficient training samples) and perform poorly in new test environment. Furthermore, it is difficult to obtain explainable and reliable brain biomarkers elucidating the underlying diagnostic decisions. These issues hinder their possible clinical applications. In this work, we propose BrainIB, a new graph neural network (GNN) framework to analyze functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI), by leveraging the famed Information Bottleneck (IB) principle. BrainIB is able to identify the most informative edges in the brain (i.e., subgraph) and generalizes well to unseen data. We evaluate the performance of BrainIB against 3 baselines and 7 state-of-the-art brain network classification methods on three psychiatric datasets and observe that our BrainIB always achieves the highest diagnosis accuracy. It also discovers the subgraph biomarkers which are consistent to clinical and neuroimaging findings. The source code and implementation details of BrainIB are freely available at GitHub repository (https://github.com/SJYuCNEL/brain-and-Information-Bottleneck/).
description: This paper is accepted by IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems (TNNLS), code is available at GitHub repository (https://github.com/SJYuCNEL/brain-and-Information-Bottleneck/)
Additional file 2 of Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States
Creators: name: Urfer, Silvan R.
name: Kaeberlein, Matt
name: Promislow, Daniel E. L.
name: Creevy, Kate E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure 1. Comparison between purebred dogs aged at least 18 months by weight class as determined by measured or breed standard-based weight. There is no obvious correlation between the percentage of inconsistently classified dogs and age.
Agricultural Intensification in Rwanda: An Elusive Goal. Fertilizer Use and Conservation Investments
Creators: name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Mpyisi, Edson
name: Shingiro, Emmanuel
name: Nyarwaya, Jean Baptiste
name: Kelly, Valerie A.
name: Mpyisi, Edson
name: Shingiro, Emmanuel
name: Nyarwaya, Jean Baptiste
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: food security
subject: food policy
subject: Rwanda
subject: fertilizer use
subject: agricultural intensification

description: The objectives of this policy brief are to describe the post-war situation concerning production practices, comparing the post-war situation (when possible) to the prewar situation; and discuss the implications of the findings for the design of programs and policies to promote agricultural intensification through the use of improved inputs and conservation practices.
description: Food Security Research Project (FSRP) Division of Agricultural Statistics (DSA) Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Resources, and Forestry MINAGRI
Solving Virasoro Constraints in Matrix Models
Creators: name: Alexandrov, A.
name: Mironov, A.
name: Morozov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is a brief review of recent progress in constructing solutions to the matrix model Virasoro equations. These equations are parameterized by a degree n polynomial W_n(x), and the general solution is labeled by an arbitrary function of n-1 coefficients of the polynomial. We also discuss in this general framework a special class of (multi-cut) solutions recently studied in the context of \cal N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories.
description: 9 pages, LaTeX, contribution to the 37th International Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of Elementary Particles
Note Illustrative della Carta geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000, F. 302 Tolentino
Creators: name: Deiana, G.
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2009

description: Note illustrative redatte per il Foglio geologico n. 302 Tolentino della Carta Geologica d'Italia alla scala 1:50.000. 116 pp.
Additional file 1 of Lifespan of companion dogs seen in three independent primary care veterinary clinics in the United States
Creators: name: Urfer, Silvan R.
name: Kaeberlein, Matt
name: Promislow, Daniel E. L.
name: Creevy, Kate E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. List of F1 hybrid dogs in the data and their percentage in relation to all F1 hybrids. Supplemental Table 2. Comparison of sex, gonadectomy status, measured body size, and median survival time (including 95% confidence interval) by clinic and overall.
Additional file 1 of Preliminary demonstration of benchtop NMR metabolic profiling of feline urine: chronic kidney disease as a case study
Creators: name: Finch, Natalie
name: Percival, Benita
name: Hunter, Elena
name: Blagg, Robin J.
name: Blackwell, Emily
name: Sagar, James
name: Ahmad, Zeeshan
name: Chang, Ming-Wei
name: Hunt, John A.
name: Mather, Melissa L.
name: Tasker, Séverine
name: De Risio, Luisa
name: Wilson, Philippe B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Available data on study participants. Table S2. Labelled metabolites identified in urine from subjects S1–S4 and shown in manuscript Figure 1 (a)–(c).
Medical Image Registration via Neural Fields
Creators: name: Sun, Shanlin
name: Han, Kun
name: You, Chenyu
name: Tang, Hao
name: Kong, Deying
name: Naushad, Junayed
name: Yan, Xiangyi
name: Ma, Haoyu
name: Khosravi, Pooya
name: Duncan, James S.
name: Xie, Xiaohui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image registration is an essential step in many medical image analysis tasks. Traditional methods for image registration are primarily optimization-driven, finding the optimal deformations that maximize the similarity between two images. Recent learning-based methods, trained to directly predict transformations between two images, run much faster, but suffer from performance deficiencies due to model generalization and the inefficiency in handling individual image specific deformations. Here we present a new neural net based image registration framework, called NIR (Neural Image Registration), which is based on optimization but utilizes deep neural nets to model deformations between image pairs. NIR represents the transformation between two images with a continuous function implemented via neural fields, receiving a 3D coordinate as input and outputting the corresponding deformation vector. NIR provides two ways of generating deformation field: directly output a displacement vector field for general deformable registration, or output a velocity vector field and integrate the velocity field to derive the deformation field for diffeomorphic image registration. The optimal registration is discovered by updating the parameters of the neural field via stochastic gradient descent. We describe several design choices that facilitate model optimization, including coordinate encoding, sinusoidal activation, coordinate sampling, and intensity sampling. Experiments on two 3D MR brain scan datasets demonstrate that NIR yields state-of-the-art performance in terms of both registration accuracy and regularity, while running significantly faster than traditional optimization-based methods.
On the dust tori in Palomar-Green quasars
Creators: name: Cao, Xinwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dust clouds in the torus of the quasar are irradiated by the central source, and the clouds at the inner radius of the torus re-radiate mostly in the near-infrared (NIR) wavebands. The ratio of the near-infrared luminosity to the bolometric luminosity L_NIR/L_bol can therefore reflect the torus geometry to some extent. We find a significant correlation between the ratio of the near-infrared luminosity to the bolometric luminosity L_NIR/L_bol and the central black hole mass M_bh for the Palomar-Green(PG) quasars, whereas no correlation is found between the Eddington ratio L_bol/L_Edd and the ratio L_NIR/L_bol. Similar correlations are found for the mid-infrared and far-infrared cases. It may imply that the torus geometry, i.e., the solid angle subtended by the dust torus as seen from the central source, does not evolve with the accretion rate. The correlation of the solid angle subtended by the torus with the central black hole mass M_bh implies that the formation of the dust torus is likely regulated by the central black hole mass. We find that the torus thickness H increases with quasar bolometric luminosities, which is different from the constant torus thickness H with luminosity assumed in the receding torus model. The mean covering factor of the dust clouds at the inner radius of the torus derived from the IR emission data is ~0.39 for PG quasars. The average relative thickness H/R of the tori in the PG quasars derived from the ratios of the infrared to bolometric luminosities is ~0.9. We suggest that the further IR observations on a larger quasar sample including more fainter quasars by the Spitzer Space Telescope will help understand the physics of the dust tori in quasars.
description: The incorrect V-magnitude used for 1351+640 is fixed, the main conclusions are not changed, accepted for publication in ApJ
Boundedness of geometric invariants near a singularity which is a suspension of a singular curve
Creators: name: Martins, Luciana F.
name: Saji, Kentaro
name: Santos, Samuel P. dos
name: Teramoto, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R45, 58K05

description: Near a singular point of a surface or a curve, geometric invariants diverge in general, and the orders of diverge, in particular the boundedness about these invariants represent geometry of the surface and the curve. In this paper, we study boundedness and orders of several geometric invariants near a singular point of a surface which is a suspension of a singular curve in the plane and those of curves passing through the singular point. We evaluates the orders of Gaussian and mean curvatures and them of geodesic, normal curvatures and geodesic torsion for the curve.
description: 27 pages, 15 figures
Routes to extreme events in dynamical systems: Dynamical and Statistical Characteristics
Creators: name: Mishra, Arindam
name: Kingston, S. Leo
name: Hens, Chittaranjan
name: Kapitaniak, Tomasz
name: Feudel, Ulrike
name: Dana, Syamal K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermittent large amplitude events are seen in the temporal evolution of a state variable of many dynamical systems. Such intermittent large events suddenly start appearing in dynamical systems at a critical value of a system parameter and continues for a range of parameter values. Three important processes of instabilities, namely, interior crisis, Pomeau-Manneville intermittency and the breakdown of quasiperiodic motion, are most common as observed in many systems that lead to such occasional and rare transitions to large amplitude spiking events. We characterize these occasional large events as extreme events if they are larger than a statistically defined significant height. We present two exemplary systems, a single system and a coupled system to illustrate how the instabilities work to originate as extreme events and they manifest as non-trivial dynamical events. We illustrate the dynamical and statistical properties of such events.
Exceptionally simple super-PDE for $F(4)$
Creators: name: Santi, Andrea
name: The, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the largest exceptional simple Lie superalgebra $F(4)$, having dimension $(24|16)$, we provide two explicit geometric realizations as supersymmetries, namely as the symmetry superalgebra of super-PDE systems of second and third order respectively.
description: 34 pages, v3: acknowledgments completed. Final version to appear on Commun. Contemp. Math
Extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs around A-F type stars. II. A planet found with ELODIE around the F6V star HD 33564
Creators: name: Galland, F.
name: Lagrange, A. M.
name: Udry, S.
name: Chelli, A.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Beuzit, J. L.
name: Mayor, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present here the detection of a planet orbiting around the F6V star HD 33564. The radial velocity measurements, obtained with the ELODIE echelle spectrograph at the Haute-Provence Observatory, show a variation with a period of 388 days. Assuming a primary mass of 1.25 Mo, the best Keplerian fit to the data leads to a minimum mass of 9.1 MJup for the companion.
description: 5 pages. Final version, accepted for publication (A&A). Some Spitzer results on HD33564 (taken this year; not yet published), finally show that the detection of IR excess around this star (by IRAS) is spurious
Towards a Better Understanding of Disparities in Scenarios of Decarbonization: Sectorally Explicit Results from the RECIPE Project
Creators: name: Luderer, Gunnar
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Jakob, Michael
name: Steckel, Jan
name: Waisman, Henri
name: Edenhofer, Ottmar
name: Luderer, Gunnar
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Jakob, Michael
name: Steckel, Jan
name: Waisman, Henri
name: Edenhofer, Ottmar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Decarbonization
subject: Energy and Climate Policy

description: This paper presents results from a model intercomparison exercise among regionalized global energy-economy models conducted in the context of the RECIPE project. The economic adjustment effects of long-term climate policy aiming at stabilization of atmospheric CO2 concentrations at 450 ppm are investigated based on the cross-comparison of the intertemporal optimization models REMIND-R and WITCH as well as the recursive dynamic computable general equilibrium model IMACLIM-R. The models applied in the project differ in several respects and the comparison exercise tracks differences in the business as usual forecasts as well as in the mitigation scenarios to conceptual differences in the model structures and assumptions. In particular, the models have different representation of the sectoral structure of the energy system. A detailed sectoral analysis conducted as part of this study reveals that the sectoral representation is a crucial determinant of the mitigation strategy and costs. While all models project that the electricity sector can be decarbonized readily, emissions abatement in the non-electric sectors, particularly transport, is much more challenging. Mitigation costs and carbon prices were found to depend strongly on the availability of low-carbon options in the non-electric sectors.
Additional file 2 of How group coaching contributes to organisational understanding among newly graduated doctors
Creators: name: Malling, Bente
name: Lasson, Lydia De
name: Just, Eva
name: Stegeager, Nikolaj
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Letter of decision from Ethics committee. Letter from the Ethics committee, Central Denmark Region Committees on Health Research Ethics
Price Floors for Emissions Trading
Creators: name: Wood, Peter John
name: Jotzo, Frank
name: Wood, Peter John
name: Jotzo, Frank
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Price Floor
subject: Price Ceiling
subject: Carbon Tax
subject: Emissions Trading
subject: Carbon Pricing
subject: Price and Quantity Controls
subject: Waxman-Markey Bill

description: Price floors in greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes can have advantages for technological innovation, price volatility, and management of cost uncertainty, but implementation has potential pitfalls. We argue that the best mechanism for implementing a price floor is to have firms pay an extra fee or tax. This has budgetary advantages and is more compatible with international permit trading than alternative approaches that dominate the academic and policy debate. The fee approach can also be used to implement more general hybrid approaches to emissions pricing.
Rapid Parameter Estimation of Gravitational Waves from Binary Neutron Star Coalescence using Focused Reduced Order Quadrature
Creators: name: Morisaki, Soichiro
name: Raymond, Vivien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid parameter estimation of gravitational waves from binary neutron star coalescence, in particular accurate sky localisation in minutes after the initial detection stage, is crucial for the success of multi-messenger observations. One of the techniques to speed up the parameter estimation, which has been applied for the production analysis of the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, is reduced order quadrature (ROQ). While it speeds up parameter estimation significantly, the time required is still on the order of hours. Focusing on the fact that the parameter-estimation follow-up can be tuned with the information available at the detection stage, we improve the ROQ technique and develop a new technique, which we designate focused reduced order quadrature (FROQ). We find that FROQ speeds up the parameter estimation by a factor of $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ to $\mathcal{O}(10^4)$ and enables providing accurate source properties such as the location of a source in several tens of minutes after detection.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Hot electrons in low-dimensional phonon systems
Creators: name: Qu, S. -X.
name: Cleland, A. N.
name: Geller, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple bulk model of electron-phonon coupling in metals has been surprisingly successful in explaining experiments on metal films that actually involve surface- or other low-dimensional phonons. However, by an exact application of this standard model to a semi-infinite substrate with a free surface, making use of the actual vibrational modes of the substrate, we show that such agreement is fortuitous, and that the model actually predicts a low-temperature crossover from the familiar T^5 temperature dependence to a stronger T^6 log T scaling. Comparison with existing experiments suggests a widespread breakdown of the standard model of electron-phonon thermalization in metals.
Beyond the Home Market Effect: Market Size and Specialization in a Multi-Country World
Creators: name: Behrens, Kristian
name: Lamorgese, Andrea R.
name: Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.
name: Tabuchi, Takatoshi
name: Behrens, Kristian
name: Lamorgese, Andrea R.
name: Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.
name: Tabuchi, Takatoshi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Comparative Advantage
subject: Home Market Effect
subject: Hub Effect
subject: International Trade
subject: Monopolistic Competition
subject: Multi-country Models

description: The standard two-country model of international trade with monopolistic competition predicts a more-than-proportional relationship between a country’s share of world production of a good and its share of world demand for that same good, a result known as the “home market effect”. We first show that this prediction does not generally carry through to the multi-country case, as production patterns are crucially affected by third country effects. We then derive an alternative prediction that holds whatever the number of countries considered. This new prediction takes into account important features of the real world such as comparative advantage due to cross-country technological differences and lack of factor price equalization.
Boundary Counterterms and the Thermodynamics of 2-D Black Holes
Creators: name: Davis, Joshua L.
name: McNees, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize a novel method to study the thermodynamics of two dimensional type 0A black holes with constant RR flux. Our approach is based on the Hamilton-Jacobi method of deriving boundary counterterms. We demonstrate this approach by recovering the standard results for a well understood example, Witten's black hole. Between this example and the 0A black hole we find universal expressions for the entropy and black hole mass, as well as the infra-red divergence of the partition function. As a non-trivial check of our results we verify the first law of thermodynamics for these systems. Our results for the mass disagree with the predictions of a proposed matrix model dual of the 0A black hole.
description: 27 pages, uses utarticle.cls; corrected typos and added references
Exclusive Dealing: The Interaction between Foreclosure and Investment Promotion
Creators: name: Fumagalli, Chiara
name: Motta, Massimo
name: Ronde, Thomas
name: Fumagalli, Chiara
name: Motta, Massimo
name: Ronde, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Monopolization Practices
subject: Vertical Agreements

description: This paper studies a model where exclusive dealing (ED) can both promote investment and foreclose a more efficient supplier. While investment promotion is usually regarded as a pro-competitive effect of ED, our paper shows that it may be the very reason why a contract that forecloses a more efficient supplier is signed. Absent the effect on investment, the contract would not be signed and foreclosure would not be a concern. For this reason, considering potential foreclosure and investment promotion in isolation and then summing them up may not be a suitable approach to assess the net effect of ED. The paper therefore invites a more cautious attitude towards accepting possible investment promotion arguments as a defence for ED.
Ejection of Supernova-Enriched Gas From Dwarf Disk Galaxies
Creators: name: Fragile, P. Chris
name: Murray, Stephen D.
name: Lin, Douglas N. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the efficiency with which supernova-enriched gas may be ejected from dwarf disk galaxies, using a methodology previously employed to study the self-enrichment efficiency of dwarf spheroidal systems. Unlike previous studies that focused on highly concentrated starbursts, in the current work we consider discrete supernova events spread throughout various fractions of the disk. We model disk systems having gas masses of 10^8 and 10^9 solar masses with supernova rates of 30, 300, and 3000 per Myr. The supernova events are confined to the midplane of the disk, but distributed over radii of 0, 30, and 80% of the disk radius, consistent with expectations for Type II supernovae. In agreement with earlier studies, we find that the enriched material from supernovae is largely lost when the supernovae are concentrated near the nucleus, as expected for a starburst event. In contrast, however, we find the loss of enriched material to be much less efficient when the supernovae occur over even a relatively small fraction of the disk. The difference is due to the ability of the system to relax following supernova events that occur over more extended regions. Larger physical separations also reduce the likelihood of supernovae going off within low-density "chimneys" swept out by previous supernovae. We also find that, for the most distributed systems, significant metal loss is more likely to be accompanied by significant mass loss. A comparison with theoretical predications indicates that, when undergoing self-regulated star formation, galaxies in the mass range considered shall efficiently retain the products of Type II supernovae.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, to appear in Astrophysical Journal; higher resolution figures available through ApJ
Recreational, Cultural and Aesthetic Services from Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems
Creators: name: Ghermandi, Andrea
name: Nunes, Paulo A.L.D.
name: Portela, Rosimeiry
name: Rao, Nalini
name: Teelucksingh, Sonja S.
name: Ghermandi, Andrea
name: Nunes, Paulo A.L.D.
name: Portela, Rosimeiry
name: Rao, Nalini
name: Teelucksingh, Sonja S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The role of economic analysis in guiding the sustainable development of estuarine and coastal ecosystems is investigated based on a comprehensive review of the literature on the valuation of the recreation, cultural and aesthetic services. The implications of the findings for the sustainable management of coral reefs, Marine Protected Areas, and Small Island Developing States are discussed. Finally, the potential of meta-analytical benefit transfer and scaling up of values at various aggregation levels is demonstrated in the context of coastal tourism and recreation in Europe. The results of the study support the conclusion that the non-material values provided by coastal and estuarine ecosystems in terms of recreational, cultural and aesthetic services represent a substantial component of human well-being.
Curve classes on conic bundle threefolds and applications to rationality
Creators: name: Frei, Sarah
name: Ji, Lena
name: Sankar, Soumya
name: Viray, Bianca
name: Vogt, Isabel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14C25 (Primary), 14E08, 14G27, 14H40, 14K30 (Secondary)

description: We undertake a study of conic bundle threefolds $π\colon X\to W$ over geometrically rational surfaces whose associated discriminant covers $\tildeΔ\toΔ\subset W$ are smooth and geometrically irreducible. First, we determine the structure of the group $\mathrm{CH}^2 X_{\overline{k}}$ of rational equivalence classes of curves. Precisely, we construct a Galois-equivariant group homomorphism from $\mathrm{CH}^2X_{\overline{k}}$ to a group scheme associated to the discriminant cover $\tildeΔ\to Δ$ of $X$. The target group scheme is a generalization of the Prym variety of $\tildeΔ\toΔ$ and so our result can be viewed as a generalization of Beauville's result that the algebraically trivial curve classes on $X_{\overline{k}}$ are parametrized by the Prym variety.
 We apply our structural result on curve classes to study the refined intermediate Jacobian torsor (IJT) obstruction to rationality introduced by Hassett--Tschinkel and Benoist--Wittenberg. The first case of interest is $W = \mathbb P^2$ and $Δ$ is a smooth plane quartic. In this case, we show that the IJT obstruction characterizes rationality when the ground field has less arithmetic complexity (precisely, when the $2$-torsion in the Brauer group of the ground field is trivial). We also show that a hypothesis of this form is necessary by constructing, over any $k \subset\mathbb R$, a conic bundle threefold with $Δ$ a smooth quartic where the IJT obstruction vanishes, yet $X$ is irrational over $k$.
description: 39 pages. Comments welcome! v2: Updated introduction. v3: Added Section 3, Subsection 5.5, and Example 8.6
title: Multi-Faceted Constructs in Abnormal Psychology
title: Implications of the Bifactor S - 1 Model for Individual Clinical Assessment
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Eid, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Bifactor model
subject: Bifactor S-1 model
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Burns et al. (this issue) have shown that the application of the symmetrical bifactor model to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms leads to anomalous and inconsistent results across different rater groups. In contrast to the symmetrical bifactor model, applications of the bifactor S-1 model showed consistent and theoretically well-founded results. The implications of the bifactor S-1 model for individual clinical assessment are discussed. It is shown that individual factor scores of the bifactor S-1 model reveal important information about the profile of individual symptoms that is not captured by factor scores of the multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors. It is argued that for individual clinical assessment factor scores from both types of model (multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors, bifactor S -1 model) should be estimated and compared. Finally, a general strategy for choosing an appropriate model for analyzing multi-faceted constructs is presented that compares areas of applications for (1) the multidimensional model with correlated first-order factors, (2) the bifactor S-1 model with a general reference factor, and (3) the bifactor S – 1 model with a directly assessed general factor.
Youth Unemployment Challenges in Mining Areas of Ghana
Creators: name: Sarfo-Mensah, Paul
name: Adjaloo, M.K.
name: Donkor, P.
name: Sarfo-Mensah, Paul
name: Adjaloo, M.K.
name: Donkor, P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Illegal Mining
subject: Unemployment
subject: AngloGold Ashanti
subject: Social Vices
subject: Agriculture
subject: Mining Communities
subject: Migration

description: Ghana, like the rest of West Africa is experiencing tremendous human migration both internally and across international boundaries. Rural-urban migration has assumed uncontrollable dimensions in the sub-region and the social consequences have become major development challenge. In Ghana the mining communities have been at the receiving end for some time now. This study on the Obuasi Municipal Assembly (OMA) in the Ashanti region of Ghana explores the tremendous socioeconomic changes, especially demographic patterns as a result of the inflows of migrants into the Obuasi Township and its catchment area in search of non existing jobs especially in mining. A major outcome is the serious unemployment problem in the township with all the attendant social vices. A three-month socio-economic study of the municipality was carried out to determine the scope of unemployment. The study showed that there is acute unemployment situation in the municipality which is due to the fact that AngloGold Ashanti, a mining giant in Ghana, the major employer, has limited job openings especially for menial workers who flock to the company. Other income generating opportunities are few. Agriculture which has the capacity to employ majority of the unemployed youth does not appeal to them because it is considered not lucrative. The acute unemployment situation has contributed significantly to the high crime rate, prostitution and widespread illegal mining activities with their attendant problems. The study explores options that are feasible for a typical mining setting especially for the youth who are very vulnerable and susceptible to crime and other social vices. Job creation, through the development and implementation of sustainable programmes aimed at training the youth to acquire the necessary employable skills is one of the options considered by the municipal managers and their partners. The study also looks at broader policy implications for the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
A new local invariant for quantum gates
Creators: name: Koponen, Laura
name: Bergholm, Ville
name: Salomaa, Martti M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the properties of two-qubit gates. We review the most common parameterizations for the local equivalence classes of two-qubit gates and the connections between them. We then introduce a new discrete local invariant, namely the number of local degrees of freedom that a gate can bind. The value of this invariant is calculated analytically for all the local equivalence classes of two-qubit gates. We find that almost all two-qubit gates can bind the full six local degrees of freedom and are in this sense more effective than the controlled-NOT gate, which only can bind four local degrees of freedom.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Light-driven formation of manganese oxide by today’s photosystem II supports evolutionarily ancient manganese-oxidizing photosynthesis
Creators: name: Chernev, Petko
name: Fischer, Sophie
name: Hoffmann, Jutta
name: Oliver, Nicholas
name: Assunção, Ricardo
name: Yu, Boram
name: Burnap, Robert L.
name: Zaharieva, Ivelina
name: Nürnberg, Dennis
name: Haumann, Michael
name: Dau, Holger
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biogeochemistry
subject: Metals
subject: Molecular evolution
subject: Chemical origin of life Photosystem II
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Water oxidation and concomitant dioxygen formation by the manganese-calcium cluster of oxygenic photosynthesis has shaped the biosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. It has been hypothesized that at an early stage of evolution, before photosynthetic water oxidation became prominent, light-driven formation of manganese oxides from dissolved Mn(2+) ions may have played a key role in bioenergetics and possibly facilitated early geological manganese deposits. Here we report the biochemical evidence for the ability of photosystems to form extended manganese oxide particles. The photochemical redox processes in spinach photosystem-II particles devoid of the manganese-calcium cluster are tracked by visible-light and X-ray spectroscopy. Oxidation of dissolved manganese ions results in high-valent Mn(III,IV)-oxide nanoparticles of the birnessite type bound to photosystem II, with 50-100 manganese ions per photosystem. Having shown that even today’s photosystem II can form birnessite-type oxide particles efficiently, we propose an evolutionary scenario, which involves manganese-oxide production by ancestral photosystems, later followed by down-sizing of protein-bound manganese-oxide nanoparticles to finally yield today’s catalyst of photosynthetic water oxidation.
UPR: Deadlock-Free Dynamic Network Reconfiguration by Exploiting Channel Dependency Graph Compatibility
Creators: name: Crespo, Juan-José
name: Sánchez, José L.
name: Alfaro-Cortés, Francisco J.
name: Flich, José
name: Duato, José
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deadlock-free dynamic network reconfiguration process is usually studied from the routing algorithm restrictions and resource reservation perspective. The dynamic nature yielded by the transition process from one routing function to another is often managed by restricting resource usage in a static predefined manner, which often limits the supported routing algorithms and/or inactive link patterns, or either requires additional resources such as virtual channels. Exploiting compatibility between routing functions by exploring their associated Channel Dependency Graphs (CDG) can take a great benefit from the dynamic nature of the reconfiguration process. In this paper, we propose a new dynamic reconfiguration process called Upstream Progressive Reconfiguration (UPR). Our algorithm progressively performs dependency addition/removal in a per channel basis relying on the information provided by the CDG while the reconfiguration process takes place. This gives us the opportunity to foresee compatible scenarios where both routing functions coexist, reducing the amount of resource drainage as well as packet injection halting.
Formulation to test gravitational redshift based on the tri-frequency combination of ACES frequency links
Creators: name: Sun, Xiao
name: Shen, Wen-Bin
name: Shen, Ziyu
name: Cai, Chenghui
name: Xu, Wei
name: Zhang, Pengfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atomic Clock Ensemble in Space (ACES) is an ESA mission mainly designed to test gravitational redshift with high-performance atomic clocks in space and on the ground. A crucial part of this experiment lies in its two-way Microwave Link (MWL), which uses the uplink of carrier frequency 13.475 GHz (Ku band) and downlinks of carrier frequencies 14.70333 GHz (Ku band) and 2248 MHz (S band) to transfer time and frequency. The formulation based on the time comparison has been studied for over a decade. However, there are advantages of using frequency comparison instead of time comparison to test gravitational redshift. Hence, we develop a tri-frequency combination (TFC) method based on the measurements of the frequency shifts of three independent MWLs between ACES and a ground station. The potential scientific object requires stabilities of atomic clocks at least $3\times10^{-16}$/day, so we must consider various effects, including the Doppler effect, second-order Doppler effect, atmospheric frequency shift, tidal effects, refraction caused by the atmosphere, and Shapiro effect, with accuracy levels of tens of centimeters. The ACES payload will be launched as previously planned in the middle of 2021, and the formulation proposed in this study will enable testing gravitational redshift at an accuracy level of at least $2\times10^{-6}$, which is more than one order higher than the present accuracy level of $7\times10^{-5}$.
At Home and Abroad: An Empirical Analysis of Innovation and Diffusion in Energy-Efficient Technologies
Creators: name: Verdolini, Elena
name: Galeotti, Marzio
name: Verdolini, Elena
name: Galeotti, Marzio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Innovation
subject: Technology Diffusion
subject: Knowledge Spillovers
subject: Energy-Efficient Technologies

description: This paper contributes to the induced innovation literature by extending the analysis of supply and demand determinants of innovation in energy-efficient technologies to account for international knowledge flows and spillovers. In the first part of the paper we select a sample of 38 innovating countries and we study how knowledge related to energy-efficient technologies flows across geographical and technological space. We demonstrate that higher geographical and technological distances are associated with a lower probability of knowledge flow. In the second part of the paper, we use our previous estimates to construct stocks of internal and external knowledge for a panel of 17 countries and present an econometric analysis of the supply and demand determinants of innovation accounting for international knowledge spillovers. Our results confirm the role of demand-pull effects, as proxied by energy prices, as well as that of technological opportunity, as proxied by the knowledge stocks. In particular, this paper provides evidence that spillovers between countries have a significant positive impact on further innovation in energy-efficient technologies.
Lower estimates of the Kobayashi distance and limits of complex geodesics
Creators: name: Kosiński, Łukasz
name: Nikolov, Nikolai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32F45

description: It is proved for a strongly pseudoconvex domain $D$ in $\Bbb C^d$ with $\mathcal C^{2,α}$-smooth boundary that any complex geodesic through every two close points of $D$ sufficiently close to $\partial D$ and whose difference is non-tangential to $\partial D$ intersect a compact subset of $D$ that depends only on the rate of non-tangentiality. As an application, a lower bound for the Kobayashi distance is obtained.
description: v2: to appear in Math. Ann
Loan Portfolio Performance and El Niño, an Intervention Analysis
Creators: name: Collier, Benjamin
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
name: Collier, Benjamin
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Skees, Jerry R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Financial Economics
International Development
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper illustrates that natural disasters such as those created by extreme El Niño can significantly threaten financial institutions serving the poor. The effects of the 1997-98 El Niño on problem loans (restructured loans and those in arrears) is estimated using intervention analysis for a microfinance institution (MFI) in Piura, a region in northern Peru severely affected by El Niño. Extreme El Niño events like those 1982-83 and 1997-98 create catastrophic flooding that destroys transportation infrastructure, disturbs the livelihoods of households engaged in a wide range of activities, and destroys productive assets, crops, and private homes. The purpose of this paper is to assess exposure of a Piura MFI to the consequences associated with an extreme El Niño. Portfolio-level, monthly data from January 1994 to October 2008 were examined using an intervention analysis. While restructured loans averaged 0.5 percent of the total loan portfolio before the 1997-98 El Niño, the estimated cumulative effect of the El Niño indicates that an additional 3.8 percent of the total portfolio value was restructured in a short time period due to this event. No significant effect is found for changes in the proportion of late loans. The analyses demonstrate 1) that the correlated risk exposure of many small borrowers can significantly affect the lender when the catastrophe occurs; 2) the importance of considering bank management in assessing disaster risk to a loan portfolio; and 3) lender strategies to minimize losses may require long-term restructuring that perpetuates the effects of the disaster in the community.
description: Replaced by updated/revised version. This is an electronic version of a journal article, please cite as: Collier, B., A.L. Katchova, and J. Skees. “Loan Portfolio Performance and El Nino, an Intervention Analysis.” Agricultural Finance Review 71(2011):98-119.
Identifying and Quantifying Trade-offs in Multi-Stakeholder Risk Evaluation with Applications to the Data Protection Impact Assessment of the GDPR
Creators: name: Mollaeefar, Majid
name: Ranise, Silvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cybersecurity risk management consists of several steps including the selection of appropriate controls to minimize risks. This is a difficult task that requires to search through all possible subsets of a set of available controls and identify those that minimize the risks of all stakeholders. Since stakeholders may have different perceptions of the risks (especially when considering the impact of threats), conflicting goals may arise that require to find the best possible trade-offs among the various needs. In this work, we propose a quantitative and (semi)automated approach to solve this problem based on the well-known notion of Pareto optimality. For validation, we show how a prototype tool based on our approach can assist in the Data Protection Impact Assessment mandated by the General Data Protection Regulation on a simplified but realistic use case scenario. We also evaluate the scalability of the approach by conducting an experimental evaluation with the prototype with encouraging results.
Quantum capacity of bosonic dephasing channel
Creators: name: Arqand, Amir
name: Memarzadeh, Laleh
name: Mancini, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum capacity of continuous variable dephasing channel, which is a notable example of non-Gaussian quantum channel. We prove that a single letter formula applies. We then consider input energy restriction and show that by increasing it, the capacity saturates to a finite value. The optimal input state is found to be diagonal in the Fock basis and with a distribution that is a discrete version of a Gaussian. Relations between its mean/variance and dephasing rate/input energy are put forward. We also show that quantum capacity decays exponentially for large values of dephasing rates.
Inelastic light scattering and the off-resonance approximation
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Augusto
name: Delgado, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic (Raman) light scattering intensities for a 42-electron quantum dot under off-resonance conditions and in different spin and angular momentum channels are computed in order to test whether final collective states become the dominant peaks in the process. The results of the calculations set a limit to the spread use of the off-resonant approximation for the theoretical description of Raman processes.
On Quantizing Implicit Neural Representations
Creators: name: Gordon, Cameron
name: Chng, Shin-Fang
name: MacDonald, Lachlan
name: Lucey, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The role of quantization within implicit/coordinate neural networks is still not fully understood. We note that using a canonical fixed quantization scheme during training produces poor performance at low-rates due to the network weight distributions changing over the course of training. In this work, we show that a non-uniform quantization of neural weights can lead to significant improvements. Specifically, we demonstrate that a clustered quantization enables improved reconstruction. Finally, by characterising a trade-off between quantization and network capacity, we demonstrate that it is possible (while memory inefficient) to reconstruct signals using binary neural networks. We demonstrate our findings experimentally on 2D image reconstruction and 3D radiance fields; and show that simple quantization methods and architecture search can achieve compression of NeRF to less than 16kb with minimal loss in performance (323x smaller than the original NeRF).
description: 10 pages, 10 figures