cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time Series Forecasting Using a Mixture of Stationary and Nonstationary Predictors
Creators: name: Hannadige, Sium Bodha
name: Gao, Jiti
name: Silvapulle, Mervyn J
name: Silvapulle, Param
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: We develop a method for constructing prediction intervals for a nonstationary variable, such as GDP. The method uses a factor augmented regression [FAR] model. The predictors in the model includes a small number of factors generated to extract most of the information in a set of panel data on a large number of macroeconomic variables considered to be potential predictors. The novelty of this paper is that it provides a method and justification for a mixture of stationary and nonstationary factors as predictors in the FAR model; we refer to this as mixture-FAR method. This method is important because typically such a large set of panel data, for example the FRED-MD, is likely to contain a mixture of stationary and nonstationary variables. In our simulation study, we observed that the proposed mixture-FAR method performed better than its competitor that requires all the predictors to be nonstationary; the MSE of prediction was at least 33% lower for mixture-FAR. Using the data in FRED-QD for the US, we evaluated the aforementioned methods for forecasting the nonstationary variables, GDP and Industrial Production. We observed that the mixture-FAR method performed better than its competitors.
Performance of Xpert MTB/RIF RUO Assay and IS6110 Real-Time PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Detection in Clinical Samples
Creators: name: Popowitch, E. B.
name: Miller, M. B.
name: Ager, E. P. C.
name: Backlund, M. G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The Cepheid Xpert MTB/RIF research-use-only (RUO) assay and a laboratory-developed test (LDT) targeting IS6110 were evaluated and compared to mycobacterial culture as the gold standard. The performance characteristics of both molecular assays were determined by using 112 specimens from 90 patients, including 89 pulmonary specimens and 23 extrapulmonary specimens. Of the specimens tested, 37 (33%) were culture positive for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; 29 were pulmonary, and 8 were extrapulmonary. Of these culture-positive specimens, 83% of the pulmonary specimens and 50% of the extrapulmonary specimens were smear positive. There was complete concordance between the smear-positive culture-positive specimens, independent of the anatomical site (100% sensitivity). The sensitivity of the MTB/RIF RUO assay for smear-negative specimens was 60% for pulmonary and 75% for extrapulmonary specimens, while the IS6110 LDT sensitivities were 40% and 0%, respectively. There was also complete concordance among the culture-negative specimens tested. Both assays showed 95% specificity, with four culture-negative specimens testing as positive. A review of patient records indicated that there was a high likelihood of the presence of M. tuberculosis complex DNA in the false-positive specimens. Biosafety analysis was performed and showed an acceptable reduction in organism viability using the processing methods described above. Both molecular assays are suitable for the detection of M. tuberculosis isolates in smear-positive pulmonary and extrapulmonary specimens, while the sensitivity of the detection of M. tuberculosis isolates in smear-negative specimens was variable.
Study of neutrino mass matrices with vanishing trace and one vanishing minor
Creators: name: Dey, Sangeeta
name: Patgiri, Mahadev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we carry out a systematic texture study of the neutrino mass matrix with the ansatzes - (i) one vanishing minor and (ii) the zero sum of the mass eigenvalues with the CP phases (henceforth vanishing trace). There are six possible textures of a neutrino mass matrix with one vanishing minor. The viability of each texture is checked with $3σ$ values of current neutrino data by drawing scatter plots. In our analysis we are motivated to use the ratio of solar to atmospheric mass-squared differences $R_ν$ for its precise measurement (and also the atmospheric mixing angle $θ_{23}$) to constrain phenomenologically first the Dirac CP phase $δ$ in the range of $0^{\degree}-360^{\degree}$ for a given texture with the solutions of the constraint equations. Subsequently we employ this constrained $δ$ to determine the range of completely unknown Majorana CP Phases ($α$ and $β$) for all the viable textures. We also check the neutrinoless double beta decay rate, $|m_{ee}|$ and the Jarlskog invariant, $J_{cp}$ for the textures. Finally the symmetry realization of all the viable textures under the flavor symmetry group $Z_5$ via seesaw mechanism is implemented along with the FN mechanism to determine mass hierarchy structure.
Preparation and purification of four-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state
Creators: name: He, Ying-Qiu
name: Ding, Dong
name: Yan, Feng-Li
name: Gao, Ting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an efficient scheme for preparing and purifying of four-photon Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state based on linear optics and postselection. First, we describe how to create a four-photon GHZ state in both polarization and spatial degrees of freedom from two pairs. Moreover, in the presence of depolarization noise our scheme is capable of purifying the desired state. In the regime of weak nonlinearity we design an indirect photon number-resolving detection to distinguish two states of the two pairs. At last, a fourfold coincidence detector click indicates creating of a polarization-entangled four-photon GHZ state.
description: 13pages, 2 figures
Magnetism and Interlayer Bonding in Pores of Bernal-Stacked Hexagonal Boron Nitride
Creators: name: Dogan, Mehmet
name: Cohen, Marvin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When single-layer h-BN is subjected to a high-energy electron beam, triangular pores with nitrogen edges are formed. Because of the broken sp2 bonds, these pores are known to possess magnetic states. We report on the magnetism and electronic structure of triangular pores as a function of their size. Moreover, in the Bernal-stacked h-BN (AB-h-BN), multilayer pores with parallel edges can be created, which is not possible in the commonly fabricated multilayer AA'-h-BN. Given that these pores can be manufactured in a well-controlled fashion using an electron beam, it is important to understand the interactions of pores in neighboring layers. We find that in certain configurations, the edges of the neighboring pores remain open and retain their magnetism, and in others, they form interlayer bonds. We present a comprehensive report on these configurations for small nanopores. We find that at low temperatures, these pores have near degenerate magnetic configurations, and may be utilized in magnetoresistance and spintronics applications. In the process of forming larger multilayer nanopores, interlayer bonds can form, reducing the magnetization. Yet, unbonded parallel multilayer edges remain available at all sizes. Understanding these pores is also helpful in a multitude of applications such as DNA sequencing and quantum emission.
Point-Counterpoint: Should Interferon Gamma Release Assays Become the Standard Method for Screening Patients for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections in the United States?
Creators: name: Miller, Melissa B.
name: Gilligan, Peter
name: Alexander, Thomas S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recently published updated guidelines for the use of interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This document gives a balanced analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of IGRAs. To date, these assays have not been widely adopted in the United States by clinical laboratories. We have asked two experts, Thomas Alexander of Summa Health Care, who has adopted an IGRA for M. tuberculosis detection in his laboratory, and Melissa Miller of UNC Hospitals, who has evaluated one but has not chosen to adopt it, to explain how each reached this decision based on their experience with the test and the data that have been published concerning IGRA.
Fluctuating hydrodynamics of dilute electrolyte solutions: systematic perturbation calculation of effective transport coefficients governing large-scale dynamics
Creators: name: Okamoto, Ryuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the transport properties of dilute electrolyte solutions on the basis of the fluctuating hydrodynamic equation, which is a set of nonlinear Langevin equations for the ion densities and flow velocity. The nonlinearity of the Langevin equations generally leads to effective kinetic coefficients for the deterministic dynamics of the average ion densities and flow velocity; the effective coefficients generally differ from the counterparts in the Langevin equations and are frequency-dependent. Using the path-integral formalism involving auxiliary fields, we perform systematic perturbation calculations of the effective kinetic coefficients for ion diffusion, shear viscosity, and electrical conductivity, which govern the dynamics on the large length scales. As novel contributions, we study the frequency dependence of the viscosity and conductivity in the one-loop approximation. Regarding the conductivity at finite frequencies, we derive the so-called electrophoretic part in addition to the relaxation part, where the latter has been obtained by Debye and Falkenhagen; it is predicted that the combination of these two parts gives rise to the frequency $ω_{\rm max}$ proportional to the salt density, at which the real part of the conductivity exhibits a maximum. The zero-frequency limits of the conductivity and shear viscosity coincide with the classical limiting laws for dilute solutions, derived in different means by Debye, Falkenhagen, and Onsager. As for the effective kinetic coefficients for slow ion diffusions in large length scales, our straightforward calculation yields the cross kinetic coefficient between cations and anions. Further, we discuss the possibility of extending the present study to more concentrated solutions.
description: To be published in J. Stat. Mech.: Theo. and Exper. One column, 50 pages, 12 figures
Prevalence and Risk Factor Analysis for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Children Attending Child Care Centers
Creators: name: Poe, M. D.
name: Nyugen, V.
name: Foster, D. T.
name: Shope, T. R.
name: Popowitch, E. B.
name: Miller, J. R.
name: Weber, D. J.
name: Goodrich, J. S.
name: Kotch, J.
name: Miller, M. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Children attending child care centers (CCCs) are at increased risk for infections, including those caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Nasal colonization often precedes infection, and MRSA colonization has been associated with increased infection risk. Community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) has caused increased MRSA infections in the general population, including children. Little is known about the frequency of MRSA nasal colonization in young children, particularly in those attending CCCs where disease transmission is common. We sampled the nares of 1,163 children in 200 classrooms from 24 CCCs in North Carolina and Virginia to assess S. aureus colonization. MRSA strains were molecularly analyzed for staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, Panton-Valentine leukocidin status, and multilocus sequence type. A case-control study was performed to identify risk factors for MRSA colonization. We found that 18.1% children were colonized with S. aureus and 1.3% with MRSA. Molecular analysis of the MRSA strains identified 47% as CA-MRSA and 53% as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA). Although two centers had multiple children colonized with MRSA, genotyping indicated that no transmission had occurred within classrooms. The case-control study did not detect statistically significant risk factors for MRSA colonization. However, MRSA-colonized children were more likely to be nonwhite and to have increased exposure to antibiotics and skin infections in the home. Both CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA strains were found colonizing the nares of children attending CCCs. The low frequency of colonization observed highlights the need for a large multicenter study to determine risk factors for MRSA colonization and subsequent infection in this highly susceptible population.
Decomposition of Bilateral Trade Flows Using a Three-Dimensional Panel Data Model
Creators: name: Mao, Yufeng
name: Peng, Bin
name: Silvapulle, Mervyn J
name: Silvapulle, Param
name: Yang, Yanrong
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: This study decomposes the bilateral trade flows using a three-dimensional panel data model. Under the scenario that all three dimensions diverge to infinity, we propose an estimation approach to identify the number of global shocks and countryspecific shocks sequentially, and establish the asymptotic theories accordingly. From the practical point of view, being able to separate the pervasive and nonpervasive shocks in a multi-dimensional panel data is crucial for a range of applications, such as, international financial linkages, migration flows, etc. In the numerical studies, we first conduct intensive simulations to examine the theoretical findings, and then use the proposed approach to investigate the international trade flows from two major trading groups (APEC and EU) over 1982-2019, and quantify the network of bilateral trade.
4CH project_D 1.3 Final survey of the experiences and technology state of the art_Appendices
Creators: name: FAVARETTO, GIULIA
name: LONGO, DANILA
name: ORLANDI, SERENA
name: ROVERSI, Rossella
name: Pretelli, Marco
name: SIGNORELLI, Leila
name: Ugolini, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: 4CH project _ Deliverable 1.3 Final survey of the experiences and technology state of the art_Appendices

Appendix 1 – Index – all sources
Appendix 2 – Best practices sheets
Appendix 3 – Common framework – Best practices
Appendix 4 – Common framework – All sources
Appendix 5 – Crossed analysis of skills and best practices in the field of Conservation,Preservation and Valorisation of monuments and sites
Timing techniques with picosecond-order accuracy for novel gaseous detectors
Creators: name: Tsiamis, A.
name: Kordas, K.
name: Manthos, I.
name: Tsopoulou, M.
name: Tzamarias, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simulation model is developed to train Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), for precise timing of PICOSEC Micromegas detector signals. The aim is to develop fast, online timing algorithms as well as minimising the information to be saved during data acquisition. PICOSEC waveforms were collected and digitised by a fast oscilloscope during a femptosecond-laser test beam run. A data set comprising waveforms collected with attenuated laser beam intensity, eradicating the emission of more than one photoelectron per light pulse from the PICOSEC photocathode, was utilised by a simulation algorithm to generate waveforms to train an ANN. A second data set of multi-photoelectron waveforms was used to evaluate the ANN performance in determining the PICOSEC Signal Arrival Time, relative to a fast photodiode time-reference. The ANN timing performance is the same as the results of a full offline signal processing, achieving a timing precision of 18.3$\pm$0.6 ps.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Retrospective and Prospective Verification of the Cepheid Xpert Influenza Virus Assay
Creators: name: Miller, Melissa B.
name: Rogers, Elaine
name: Popowitch, Elena B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: We performed a retrospective (n = 121) and prospective (n = 305) verification of the Cepheid Xpert Flu assay to determine its performance characteristics. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 100%, respectively. Nasopharyngeal specimen sensitivities were 100% for seasonal influenza A/H1 virus and influenza A/H3 virus, 90% for influenza A/2009/H1N1 virus, and 95% for influenza B virus.
Kiloparsec view of a typical star-forming galaxy when the Universe was $\sim$1 Gyr old II. Regular rotating disk and evidence for baryon dominance on galactic scales
Creators: name: Herrera-Camus, R.
name: Schreiber, N. M. Förster
name: Price, S. H.
name: Übler, H.
name: Bolatto, A. D.
name: Davies, R. L.
name: Fisher, D.
name: Genzel, R.
name: Lutz, D.
name: Naab, T.
name: Nestor, A.
name: Shimizu, T.
name: Sternberg, A.
name: Tacconi, L.
name: Tadaki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a kinematic analysis of the main-sequence galaxy HZ4 at $z=5.5$. Our study is based on deep, spatially resolved observations of the [CII] 158 $μ$m transition obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA). From the combined analysis of the disk morphology, the two-dimensional velocity structure, and forward-modeling of the one-dimensional velocity and velocity dispersion profiles, we conclude that HZ4 has a regular rotating disk in place. The intrinsic velocity dispersion in HZ4 is high ($σ_{0}=65.8^{+2.9}_{-3.3}$ km s$^{-1}$), and the ratio between the rotational velocity and the intrinsic velocity dispersion is $V_{\rm rot}/σ_{0}=2.2$. These values are consistent with the expectations from the trends of increasing $σ_{0}$ and decreasing $V_{\rm rot}/σ_{0}$ as a function of redshift observed in main-sequence galaxies up to $z\approx4$. Galaxy evolution models suggest that the high level of turbulence observed in HZ4 can only be achieved if, in addition to stellar feedback, there is radial transport of gas within the disk. Finally, we find that HZ4 is baryon dominated on galactic scales ($\lesssim2\times R_{\rm e}$), with a dark matter fraction at one effective radius of $f_{\rm DM}(R_{\rm e})=0.41^{+0.25}_{-0.22}$. This value is comparable to the dark matter fractions found in lower redshift galaxies that could be the descendants of HZ4: massive ($M_{\star}\approx10^{11}~M_{\odot}$), star-forming galaxies at $z\sim2$, and passive, early type galaxies at $z\approx0$.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters, 10 pages, 6 figures
Detecting compact binary coalescences with seedless clustering
Creators: name: Coughlin, Michael
name: Thrane, Eric
name: Christensen, Nelson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact binary coalescences are a promising source of gravitational waves for second-generation interferometric gravitational-wave detectors. Although matched filtering is the optimal search method for well-modeled systems, alternative detection strategies can be used to guard against theoretical errors (e.g., involving new physics and/or assumptions about spin/eccentricity) while providing a measure of redundancy. In previous work, we showed how "seedless clustering" can be used to detect long-lived gravitational-wave transients in both targeted and all-sky searches. In this paper, we apply seedless clustering to the problem of low-mass ($M_\text{total}\leq10M_\odot$) compact binary coalescences for both spinning and eccentric systems. We show that seedless clustering provides a robust and computationally efficient method for detecting low-mass compact binaries.
Joint Localization and Orientation Estimation in Millimeter-Wave MIMO OFDM Systems via Atomic Norm Minimization
Creators: name: Li, Jianxiu
name: Da Costa, Maxime Ferreira
name: Mitra, Urbashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Herein, an atomic norm based method for accurately estimating the location and orientation of a target from millimeter-wave multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is presented. A novel virtual channel matrix is introduced and an algorithm to extract localization-relevant channel parameters from its atomic norm decomposition is designed. Then, based on the extended invariance principle, a weighted least squares problem is proposed to accurately recover the location and orientation using both line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight channel information. The conditions for the optimality and uniqueness of the estimate and theoretical guarantees for the estimation error are characterized for the noiseless and the noisy scenarios. Theoretical results are confirmed via simulation. Numerical results investigate the robustness of the proposed algorithm to incorrect model order selection or synchronization error, and highlight performance improvements over a prior method. The resultant performance nearly achieves the Cramer-Rao lower bound on the estimation error.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2110.04401
The Hubble Space Telescope UV Legacy Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. XXIV. Differences in internal kinematics of multiple stellar populations
Creators: name: Libralato, M.
name: Vesperini, E.
name: Bellini, A.
name: Milone, A. P.
name: van der Marel, R. P.
name: Piotto, G.
name: Anderson, J.
name: Aparicio, A.
name: Barbuy, B.
name: Bedin, L. R.
name: Brown, T. M.
name: Cassisi, S.
name: Nardiello, D.
name: Sarajedini, A.
name: Scalco, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our understanding of the kinematic properties of multiple stellar populations (mPOPs) in Galactic globular clusters (GCs) is still limited compared to what we know about their chemical and photometric characteristics. Such limitation arises from the lack of a comprehensive observational investigation of this topic. Here we present the first homogeneous kinematic analysis of mPOPs in 56 GCs based on high-precision proper motions computed with Hubble Space Telescope data. We focused on red-giant-branch stars, for which the mPOP tagging is clearer, and measured the velocity dispersion of stars belonging to first (1G) and second generations (2G). We find that 1G stars are generally kinematically isotropic even at the half-light radius, whereas 2G stars are isotropic at the center and become radially anisotropic before the half-light radius. The radial anisotropy is induced by a lower tangential velocity dispersion of 2G stars with respect to the 1G population, while the radial component of the motion is comparable. We also show possible evidence that the kinematic properties of mPOPs are affected by the Galactic tidal field, corroborating previous observational and theoretical results suggesting a relation between the strength of the external tidal field and some properties of mPOPs. Although limited to the GCs' central regions, our analysis leads to new insights into the mPOP phenomenon, and provides the motivation for future observational studies of the internal kinematics of mPOPs.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication on ApJ
Lévy flights and self-similar exploratory behaviour of termite workers: beyond model fitting
Creators: name: Miramontes, Octavio
name: DeSouza, Og
name: Paiva, Leticia Ribeiro
name: Marins, Alessandra
name: Orozco, Sirio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Animal movements have been related to optimal foraging strategies where self-similar trajectories are central. Most of the experimental studies done so far have focused mainly on fitting statistical models to data in order to test for movement patterns described by power-laws. Here we show by analyzing over half a million movement displacements that isolated termite workers actually exhibit a range of very interesting dynamical properties --including Lévy flights-- in their exploratory behaviour. Going beyond the current trend of statistical model fitting alone, our study analyses anomalous diffusion and structure functions to estimate values of the scaling exponents describing displacement statistics. We evince the fractal nature of the movement patterns and show how the scaling exponents describing termite space exploration intriguingly comply with mathematical relations found in the physics of transport phenomena. By doing this, we rescue a rich variety of physical and biological phenomenology that can be potentially important and meaningful for the study of complex animal behavior and, in particular, for the study of how patterns of exploratory behaviour of individual social insects may impact not only their feeding demands but also nestmate encounter patterns and, hence, their dynamics at the social scale.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures. Unrevised version. Final version to appear in Plos ONE
Statistical distribution of thermal vacancies close to the melting point
Creators: name: Pozo, María José
name: Davis, Sergio
name: Peralta, Joaquín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed description of the statistical distribution of thermal vacancies near the melting point is presented, using copper as an example. As the temperature is increased, the average number of thermal vacancies generated by atoms migrating to neighboring sites also increase, according to Arrhenius' law. We present for the first time a model for the distribution of thermal vacancies, which according to our results follow a Gamma distribution. All the simulations are carried out by classical molecular dynamics and the recognition of vacancies is achieved via a recently developed algorithm. Our results could be useful in the further development of a theory explaining the mechanism of homogeneous melting, which seems to be mediated (at least in part) by the accumulation of thermal vacancies near the melting point.
Loss-Based Variational Bayes Prediction
Creators: name: Frazier, David T.
name: Loaiza-Maya, Ruben
name: Martin, Gael M.
name: Koo, Bonsoo
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Econometric and statistical methods
Econometrics not elsewhere classified

description: We propose a new method for Bayesian prediction that caters for models with a large number of parameters and is robust to model misspecification. Given a class of high-dimensional (but parametric) predictive models, this new approach constructs a posterior predictive using a variational approximation to a loss-based, or Gibbs, posterior that is directly focused on predictive accuracy. The theoretical behavior of the new prediction approach is analyzed and a form of optimality demonstrated. Applications to both simulated and empirical data using high-dimensional Bayesian neural network and autoregressive mixture models demonstrate that the approach provides more accurate results than various alternatives, including misspecified likelihood-based predictions.
Cross-Platform Analysis of HIV-1 RNA Data Generated by a Multicenter Assay Validation Study with Wide Geographic Representation
Creators: name: Harty, B.
name: Fiscus, S. A.
name: Jennings, C.
name: Crump, J. A.
name: Wager, C.
name: Granger, S.
name: Bremer, J. W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: HIV-1 RNA quantitation continues to be extremely important for monitoring patients infected with HIV-1, and a number of assays have been utilized for this purpose. Differences in assay performance with respect to log10 recovery and HIV-1 subtype specificity have been well documented for commercially available assays, although comparisons are usually limited to one or two assay platforms. Two new FDA-approved assays, the Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 test (RT) and the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay (AR), that utilize real-time PCR have replaced previous HIV-1 RNA platforms. Inadequate detection of some strains of HIV-1 resulted in the addition of a new primer/probe set and the introduction of a second version of the RT assay. In this study, comparisons of assay performance between the different FDA-approved HIV-1 RNA assay platforms (both new and existing) were performed by using validation data that included both well-characterized virus stock and locally collected clinical samples. Laboratories across diverse geographical regions performed the validation testing and submitted data to the Virology Quality Assurance program (VQA) for analysis. Correlation values for clinical sample testing varied across the assay platforms (r = 0.832 to 0.986), and average log10 recoveries for HIV-1 RNA controls (compared to the nominal value) ranged from −0.215 to 0.181. These data demonstrate the need for use of one assay platform for longitudinal patient monitoring, but the data also reinforce the notion that no one assay is superior and that testing across platforms may be required for discordance reconciliation.
A Holographic Principle for Non-Relativistic Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Thompson, Russell B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum-classical isomorphism for self-consistent field theory, which allows quantum particles in space-time to be represented as classical one-dimensional threads embedded in a five dimensional thermal-space-time, is summarized and used to explain a selection of quantum phenomena. Introduced by Feynman, and used for modern quantum simulations, the isomorphism, when phrased in a field-theoretic way, has been shown to be the same as quantum density functional theory, the theorems of which guarantee equivalent predictions with non-relativistic quantum mechanics. If the Feynman dimension is considered to be real, there is a duality between classical threads in five dimensions and quantum particles in four dimensions. Using the 5D picture, intuitive explanations are given for quantum phenomena including the uncertainty principle, tunnelling, geometric phase, and interference effects. Advantages of the 5D picture are presented, which include fewer postulates, no measurement problem, and the need for only classical concepts in the higher dimensional space. Limitations of the approach such as the interpretation of entanglement and spin are discussed.
description: Submitted to International Journal of Theoretical Physics
Evolution of Testing Algorithms at a University Hospital for Detection of Clostridium difficile Infections
Creators: name: Kerr, A.
name: Culbreath, K.
name: Nemeyer, R. J.
name: Gilligan, P. H.
name: Ager, E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: We present the evolution of testing algorithms at our institution in which the C. Diff Quik Chek Complete immunochromatographic cartridge assay determines the presence of both glutamate dehydrogenase and Clostridium difficile toxins A and B as a primary screen for C. difficile infection and indeterminate results (glutamate dehydrogenase positive, toxin A and B negative) are confirmed by the GeneXpert C. difficile PCR assay. This two-step algorithm is a cost-effective method for highly sensitive detection of toxigenic C. difficile.
GCOS -- The Global Cosmic Ray Observatory
Creators: name: Hörandel, Jörg R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nature is providing particles with energies exceeding 100 EeV. Their existence imposes immediate questions: Are they ordinary particles, accelerated in extreme astrophysical environments, or are they annihilation or decay products of super-heavy dark matter or other exotic objects? If the particles are accelerated in extreme astrophysical environments, are their sources related to those of high-energy neutrinos, gamma rays, and/or gravitational waves, such as the recently observed mergers of compact objects? The particles can also be used to study physics processes at extreme energies; is Lorentz invariance still valid? Are the particles interacting according to the Standard Model or are there new physics processes? The particles can be used to study hadronic interactions (QCD) in the kinematic forward direction; what is the cross section of protons at center-of-mass energies $\sqrt{s} > 100$ TeV? These questions are addressed at present by installations like the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory. After the year 2030, a next-generation observatory will be needed to study the physics and properties of the highest-energy particles in Nature, building on the knowledge harvested from the existing observatories. It should have an aperture at least an order of magnitude bigger than the existing observatories. Recently, more than 200 scientists from around the world came together to discuss the future of the field of multi-messenger astroparticle physics beyond the year 2030. Ideas have been discussed towards the physics case and possible scenarios for detection concepts of the Global Cosmic Ray Observatory - GCOS. A synopsis of the key results discussed during the brainstorming workshop will be presented.
Local cascade and dissipation in incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamic turbulence: the Coarse-Graining approach
Creators: name: Manzini, Davide
name: Sahraoui, Fouad
name: Califano, Francesco
name: Ferrand, Renaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the coarse-graining (CG) equations of incompressible Hall Magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD) turbulence to investigate the {\it local (in space)} energy cascade rate as a function of the filtering scale $\ell$. First, the CG equations are space averaged to obtain the analytical expression of the mean cascade rate. Its application to 3 dimensional (3D) simulations of (weakly compressible) HMHD shows a cascade rate consistent with the value of the mean dissipation rate in the simulations and with the classical estimates based on the "third-order" law. Furthermore, we developed an anisotropic version of CG that allows us to study the magnitude of the cascade rate along different directions with respect to the mean magnetic field. Its implementation on the numerical data with moderate background magnetic field shows a weaker cascade along the magnetic field than in the perpendicular plane, while an isotropic cascade is recovered in the absence of a background field. The strength of the CG approach is further revealed when considering the {\it local-in-space} energy transfer, which is shown theoretically and numerically to match at a given position $\bm{x}$, when locally averaged over a neighboring region, the (quasi-)local dissipation. Prospects of exploiting this new model to investigate local dissipation in spacecraft data are discussed.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review E
Pauli-Heisenberg Blockade of Electron Quantum Transport
Creators: name: Thibault, Karl
name: Gabelli, Julien
name: Lupien, Christian
name: Reulet, Bertrand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conduction of electrons in matter is ultimately described by quantum mechanics. Yet at low frequency or long time scales, low temperature quantum transport is perfectly described by this very simple idea: electrons are emitted by the contacts into the sample which they may cross with a finite probability. Combined with Fermi statistics, this partition of the electron flow accounts for the full statistics of electron transport. When it comes to short time scales, a key question must be clarified: are there correlations between successive attempts of the electrons to cross the sample? While there are theoretical predictions and several experimental indications for the existence of such correlations, no direct experimental evidence has ever been provided. Here we show a direct experimental proof of how temperature and voltage bias control the electron flow: while temperature $T$ leads to a jitter which tends to decorrelate electron transport after a time $\hbar/k_BT$, the bias voltage $V$ induces strong correlations/anticorrelations which oscillate with a period $h/eV$. Our experiment reveals how time scales related to voltage and temperature operate on quantum transport in a coherent conductor. In complex quantum systems, the method we have developed might offer direct access to other relevant time scales related, for example, to internal dynamics, coupling to other degrees of freedom, or correlations between electrons.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Ganciclovir-Resistant Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis in a Patient with Wild-Type CMV in Her Plasma
Creators: name: Miller, M. B.
name: Chavala, S.
name: Say, E.
name: Moss, H. B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: A patient with systemic cytomegalovirus (CMV), including chorioretinitis, received localized and systemic ganciclovir, systemic cidofovir analog, and localized foscarnet. Mutations conferring ganciclovir and cidofovir resistance were detected in CMV from the aqueous fluid but not in CMV from plasma. Quantifying CMV from aqueous fluid was valuable for monitoring the clinical response and predicting resistance.
Geometrical Localization Algorithm for 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Kumar, Rajesh
name: Kumar, Sushil
name: Shukla, Diksha
name: Raw, Ram Shringar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose an efficient range free localization scheme for large scale three dimensional wireless sensor networks. Our system environment consists of two type of sensors, randomly deployed static sensors and global positioning system equipped moving sensors. These moving anchors travels across the network field and broadcast their current locations on specified intervals. As soon as the sensors which are deployed in random fashion receives three beacon messages (known locations broadcasted by anchors), they computes their locations automatically by using our proposed algorithm. One of our significant contributions is, we use only three different beacon messages to localize one sensor, while in the best of our knowledge, all previously proposed methods use at least four different known locations. The ability of our method to localize by using only three known locations not only saves computation, time, energy, but also reduces the number of anchors needed to be deployed and more importantly reduces the communication overheads. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed scheme improves the overall efficiency of localization process significantly. Important Note: Final version of this paper is accepted and published by Journal of Wireless Personal Communication, Springer : June, 2014 The final version of publication is available at link.springer.com Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007\%2Fs11277-014-1852-6
description: Journal of Wireless Personal Communication, Springer : June, 2014, The final version of publication is available at link.springer.com Link: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs11277-014-1852-6
HAWC Detection of a TeV Halo Candidate Surrounding a Radio-quiet pulsar
Creators: name: Albert, A.
name: Alfaro, R.
name: Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C.
name: Belmont-Moreno, E.
name: Capistrán, T.
name: Carramiñana, A.
name: Casanova, S.
name: Cotzomi, J.
name: de León, S. Coutiño
name: De la Fuente, E.
name: Hernandez, R. Diaz
name: DuVernois, M. A.
name: Díaz-Vélez, J. C.
name: Espinoza, C.
name: Fan, K. L.
name: Fraija, N.
name: Fang, K.
name: García-González, J. A.
name: Garfias, F.
name: Jardin-Blicq, Armelle
name: González, M. M.
name: Goodman, J. A.
name: Harding, J. P.
name: Hernandez, S.
name: Huang, D.
name: Hueyotl-Zahuantitla, F.
name: Iriarte, A.
name: Joshi, V.
name: Lara, A.
name: Lee, J.
name: Vargas, H. León
name: Linnemann, J. T.
name: Longinotti, A. L.
name: Luis-Raya, G.
name: Malone, K.
name: Martinez, O.
name: Martínez-Castro, J.
name: Matthews, J. A.
name: Morales-Soto, J. A.
name: Moreno, E.
name: Mostafá, M.
name: Nayerhoda, A.
name: Nellen, L.
name: Newbold, M.
name: Nisa, M. U.
name: Araujo, Y. Pérez
name: Pérez-Pérez, E. G.
name: Rho, C. D.
name: Rosa-González, D.
name: Schneider, M.
name: Serna-Franco, J.
name: Smith, A. J.
name: Son, Y.
name: Springer, R. W.
name: Tollefson, K.
name: Torres, I.
name: Torres-Escobedo, R.
name: Wang, X.
name: Whitaker, K.
name: Willox, E.
name: Zhou, H.
name: de León, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extended very-high-energy (VHE; 0.1-100 TeV) $γ$-ray emission has been observed around several middle-aged pulsars and referred to as ``TeV halos". Their formation mechanism remains under debate. It is also unknown whether they are ubiquitous or related to certain subgroup of pulsars. With 2321 days of observation, the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) Gamma-Ray Observatory detected VHE $γ$-ray emission at the location of the radio-quiet pulsar PSR J0359+5414 with $>6σ$ significance. By performing likelihood tests with different spectral and spatial models and comparing the TeV spectrum with multi-wavelength observations of nearby sources, we show that this excess is consistent with a TeV halo associated with PSR J0359+5414, though future observation of HAWC and multi-wavelength follow-ups are needed to confirm this nature. This new halo candidate is located in a non-crowded region in the outer Galaxy. It shares similar properties to the other halos but its pulsar is younger and radio-quiet. Our observation implies that TeV halos could commonly exist around pulsars and their formation does not depend on the configuration of the pulsar magnetosphere.
A New Future for Research; To become catalysts for social change, schools of business and management must choose a different scholarly path.
Creators: name: Mijnhardt, Wilfred F.
name: Laing, Angus
name: Richter, Ansgar
name: Mason, Katy
Publisher: name: AACSB International (AACSB)
Year: 2021
Subjects: Business schools
Impact
Research
Strategic change

description: How do business schools contribute to the greater good through their research? How can they augment those contributions further? This article reflects On The Price of Rigor, why 'Blue Sky Research' Is Not Enough, and Why Business Schools Need to Put a Premium on Impact. It provides a Clear and Shared Vision and some advice for deans on 3 fronts to start their pathways of change.
Business schools need a shared vision of their research future. At the moment, this vision is still hazy, but it is becoming clearer as research councils, funding bodies, accrediting bodies, and key global stakeholder networks—such as the U.N. Global Compact and the World Economic Forum—actively explore the possibilities.
Whether schools are public or private, full-service or postgraduate, freestanding or embedded in larger universities, they all can fundamentally adopt one of three key models to reposition their research: 
Model 1: The broker model. Under this model, the business school is part of a wider institution and plays the role of co-producer with other disciplines. Its faculty seek to work with the school's partners to generate more impact and value together. The broker model can be effective if a business school's parent university values it as a research entity in its own right. Unfortunately, parent institutions too often exploit and devalue the knowledge production of business schools to drive investment in STEM-oriented fields considered more "fundamental."
Model 2: The relevance model. Here, schools incorporate real-world relevance into the existing core of their research portfolios. Essential to this model are not only rigor and relevance but also an emphasis on making scholarly research accessible to practitioners. The limitation of this model is that it still emphasizes scholarly publication over the translation of research for practice.  
Model 3: The catalyzing model. This model, which has the notion of co-creation at its core, moves business schools from an emphasis on "linear valorization," in which schools and faculty are the primary beneficiaries of research, to an emphasis on "dual validation," which recognizes that business and management research is a social science in which schools co-produce research and solutions with key societal stakeholder groups.
La città come luogo di esperienza del passato. Per una storia urbana a uso dei giovani
Creators: name: Bartolini, Francesco
Publisher: name: F. Bartolini, La città come luogo di esperienza del passato. Per una storia urbana a uso dei giovani. «Il capitale culturale», 2020, n. 22, pp. 21-33
Year: 2020

description: La storia urbana è una risorsa importante per aiutare i giovani nella costruzione di un senso storico. In primo luogo, perché riesce a ben esemplificare le strette connessioni che esistono tra passato e presente. Poi, perché consente di sperimentare una pratica interdisciplinare di ricerca attraverso l’utilizzo di diverse metodologie e scale di analisi. Infine, perché favorisce un approccio globale allo studio del passato, evidenziando i limiti di una prospettiva eurocentrica. Questo articolo esamina alcune delle più recenti trasformazioni della Storia urbana allo scopo di misurarne le potenzialità pedagogiche nelle attività didattiche e divulgative rivolte alle generazioni più giovani.
description: Urban history is an important resource to help young people develop a historical sense. Firstly, because it manages to exemplify well the close connections that exists between past and present. Then, because it allows to experiment with an interdisciplinary research practice through the use of different methodologies and analysis scales. Finally, because it favours a global approach in studying the past, highlighting the limits of an Eurocentric perspective. This article examines some of the most recent transformations in Urban History in order to evaluate their pedagogical potential in educational activities aimed at younger generations.