cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Runtime Analysis of Restricted Tournament Selection for Bimodal Optimisation
Creators: name: Osuna, Edgar Covantes
name: Sudholt, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Niching methods have been developed to maintain the population diversity, to investigate many peaks in parallel and to reduce the effect of genetic drift. We present the first rigorous runtime analyses of restricted tournament selection (RTS), embedded in a ($μ$+1) EA, and analyse its effectiveness at finding both optima of the bimodal function ${\rm T{\small WO}M{\small AX}}$. In RTS, an offspring competes against the closest individual, with respect to some distance measure, amongst $w$ (window size) population members (chosen uniformly at random with replacement), to encourage competition within the same niche. We prove that RTS finds both optima on ${\rm T{\small WO}M{\small AX}}$ efficiently if the window size $w$ is large enough. However, if $w$ is too small, RTS fails to find both optima even in exponential time, with high probability. We further consider a variant of RTS selecting individuals for the tournament \emph{without} replacement. It yields a more diverse tournament and is more effective at preventing one niche from taking over the other. However, this comes at the expense of a slower progress towards optima when a niche collapses to a single individual. Our theoretical results are accompanied by experimental studies that shed light on parameters not covered by the theoretical results and support a conjectured lower runtime bound.
description: To appear in Evolutionary Computation Journal. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1803.09766
Studying the principles of cell identity transitions using naïve pluripotency induction as a model
Creators: name: Stuart, Hannah Taylor
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: pluripotency
cell identity
development

description: In multicellular biology, an astounding array of cellular identities are specified from the same genome, by drawing on a finite pool of transcription factors and signalling pathways in different permutations. How are signal and transcription network interplay computed by the cell to instruct identity? Must a given identity always be established by the same mechanism? To address these questions, I created defined and tractable systems based on reprogramming from epiblast stem cells to naïve pluripotency. By independent modulation of genetic and signalling parameters followed by isolation of successfully transitioning cells, I showed that naïve pluripotency can be established via distinct routes. These differ in their transcriptional trajectories and in their mechanisms, each with different genetic and signal requirements. Relative to development, one route initially moves forward, with productive cells acquiring mesodermal signature prior to naïve pluripotency induction. In contrast, another route overshoots backwards, transiently resembling the earlier embryo and recapitulating key aspects of naïve epiblast establishment in vivo. These remarkably distinct routes ultimately converge on the same naïve pluripotent endpoint, revealing surprising flexibility for the establishment of a single identity from a single origin. This provides evidence for cellular identity as a multidimensional attractor state (Kauffman, 1993), and extends the paradigm by which transcription factors and signals are used in different combinations to generate different cell types: they can also be used in different ways to generate the same cell type. How can the naïve pluripotent identity be reached via such different routes? I reconciled route differences, finding precise Oct4 expression as a unifying, essential and sufficient feature. Different routes achieve this required Oct4 expression by diverse logics, highlighting that successful identity change does not simply require activation of the destination network but instead pivots on the mechanism that permits a transition to occur. Fixing Oct4 at this level is sufficient to reprogram EpiSCs and more advanced cell types under signal instruction alone, yet is also compatible with bonafide development when returned to the in vivo context. At this expression level, I therefore deem Oct4 to be a ‘transition’ factor, a novel concept that I define as permitting identity change in various directions depending on environmental instruction. In sum, this thesis furthers our knowledge of naïve pluripotency induction in vitro and in vivo, and provides conceptual advances in our understanding of cell identity transitions.
description: PhD funded by MRC Studentship 1233706
title: The Impact of the Agency Model on E-book Prices: Evidence from the UK
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Gail, Maximiliam Maurice
name: Klotz, Phil-Adrian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
resale price maintenance
e-books
Amazon
agency
double machine learning
Latent Dirichlet allocation

description: This paper empirically analyzes the effect of the widely used agency
model on the retail prices of e-books in United Kingdom. Using a
unique cross-sectional data set of e-book prices for a large sample of
book titles across all major publishing houses, we exploit cross-genre
and cross-publisher variation to identify the mean effect of the agency
model on e-book prices. Since the genre information is ambiguous and
even missing for some titles in our original dataset, we use a Latent
Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) approach to determine detailed book genres
based on the book's descriptions. We find that e-book prices for
titles that are sold under the agency model are 36% cheaper than titles
sold under the wholesale model on average. Our results are robust to
different specifications, a Lewbel instrumental variable approach, and
machine learning techniques.
MOESM1 of Genomic interrogation of familial short stature contributes to the discovery of the pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmaceutical drug repositioning
Creators: name: Wong, Henry
name: Lin, Ying-Ju
name: Hsing-Fang Lu
name: Liao, Wen-Ling
name: Chien-Hsiun Chen
name: Jer-Yuarn Wu
name: Wei-Chiao Chang
name: Fuu-Jen Tsai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Gender-specific (male [top] and female [bottom]) age distribution curves of FSS patients (in this study; red color with solid line) and normal Taiwanese population (grey and black colors with solid and dashed lines). (DOCX 165 kb)
Population-aware Hierarchical Bayesian Domain Adaptation via Multiple-component Invariant Learning
Creators: name: Mhasawade, Vishwali
name: Rehman, Nabeel Abdur
name: Chunara, Rumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While machine learning is rapidly being developed and deployed in health settings such as influenza prediction, there are critical challenges in using data from one environment in another due to variability in features; even within disease labels there can be differences (e.g. "fever" may mean something different reported in a doctor's office versus in an online app). Moreover, models are often built on passive, observational data which contain different distributions of population subgroups (e.g. men or women). Thus, there are two forms of instability between environments in this observational transport problem. We first harness knowledge from health to conceptualize the underlying causal structure of this problem in a health outcome prediction task. Based on sources of stability in the model, we posit that for human-sourced data and health prediction tasks we can combine environment and population information in a novel population-aware hierarchical Bayesian domain adaptation framework that harnesses multiple invariant components through population attributes when needed. We study the conditions under which invariant learning fails, leading to reliance on the environment-specific attributes. Experimental results for an influenza prediction task on four datasets gathered from different contexts show the model can improve prediction in the case of largely unlabelled target data from a new environment and different constituent population, by harnessing both environment and population invariant information. This work represents a novel, principled way to address a critical challenge by blending domain (health) knowledge and algorithmic innovation. The proposed approach will have a significant impact in many social settings wherein who and where the data comes from matters.
Implications of axionic hair on shadow of M87*
Creators: name: Banerjee, Indrani
name: Sau, Subhadip
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detection of axion field can unfold intriguing facets of our universe in several astrophysical and cosmological scenarios. In four dimensions, such a field owes its origin to the completely anti-symmetric Kalb-Ramond field strength tensor. Its invisibility in the solar system based tests compels one to look for its signatures in the strong field regime. The recent observation of the shadow of the supermassive black hole in the galaxy M87 ushers in a new opportunity to test for the footprints of axion in the near horizon region of black holes, where the gravity is expected to be strong. In this paper, we explore the impact of axion on the black hole shadow and compare the result with the available image of M87*. Our analysis indicates that axion which violates the energy condition seems to be favored by observations. The implications are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures
Blast and impact response of elastomer-coated concrete
Creators: name: Fallon, Chanel
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: blast
impact
concrete
elastomer

description: With global security concerns at the forefront of political and industrial agendas, growing attention is being focused on strategies to protect critical infrastructure from the detrimental effects of blast and impact. While new structures can be designed with this threat in mind, existing, ageing infrastructure remains vulnerable. Structural retrofit for blast and impact mitigation is one solution to this problem. This work considers one practical, cost-effective retrofit solution: the application of a spray-on elastomer coating to concrete structural elements. While encouraging results have been reported in the literature for masonry and steel substrates, it remains to be understood if, and by what mechanism this retrofit can enhance the blast and impact resistance of concrete structures. The objective of this work is to understand the blast and impact response of elastomer-coated concrete and hence, to establish design guidelines, informing on effective implementation of this retrofit solution. The response characteristics of concrete and elastomer materials are established and modelled across a range of stress states and loading rates, from quasi-static to dynamic. Numerical modelling and analytical techniques are used to interrogate the blast response of elastomer-coated concrete targets. It is found that commercially available coatings are most effective in regimes where there is severe blast-induced concrete damage, though they offer limited benefit during fluid-structure interaction and during dynamic flexure. Next, high speed experimentation is performed to assess the impact response of elastomer-coated concrete. The addition of a coating contributes a significant protective benefit in this regime. Numerical models are developed and used to establish the mechanisms of protection. Finally, simple analytical models are proposed, which reveal key parameter sensitivities, thus informing on effective coating design for concrete impact damage mitigation.
description: The authors are grateful for the financial support of the George and Lillian Schiff Foundation of the University of Cambridge.
Renpō shiryaku. Gekan
聨邦志略 下巻
Creators: name: Bridgman, E. C.
Publisher: name: Tōkyō : Yorozuya Heishirō
Year: 2020

description: Originally written in Chinese by an American missionary, E.C. Bridgman and published in Shanghai in 1861. Contents: Vol. 1: Early world, Modern world, Eastern and western hemispheres, Northern and southern hemispheres, United States of America, District of Columbia; Vol. 2: 21 separate states. Cited in: WSN; 284-285
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF LIFE AND DEATH IN THE U.S.A.
Creators: name: Nosrati, Elias
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Political economy
Health inequality
Incarceration
Deindustrialisation

description: This research charts the structural transformations of American capitalism and attendant shifts in the distribution of health and illness at the dawn of the 21st century. Through the analytic lens of the political economy of public health, I shed novel light on the upstream determinants of America's overdose epidemic, which is claiming tens of thousands of lives every single year, and on deepening social inequalities in life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and premature mortality risk. Economic decline, notably in the form of deindustrialisation, has fractured working class communities and spawned a highly stratified social structure. In response to this development, American social policy has undergone a distinctive transformation involving a historically unprecedented expansion of the penal system. This has resulted in the rapid swelling of the correctional population, reaching almost 7 million people in 2012, of whom over 2.2 million find themselves behind bars. Despite the salience and magnitude of these phenomena, virtually no existing research has investigated the connections between deindustrialisation, incarceration, and America's public health crisis. This thesis fills this gap by using new data from U.S. states and counties between 1980 and 2014 to examine the social, economic, and political roots of increasing health inequality.
Magnetic Soft Charges, Dual Supertranslations and 't Hooft Line Dressings
Creators: name: Choi, Sangmin
name: Akhoury, Ratindranath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the Faddeev-Kulish asymptotic states in a quantum field theory of electric and magnetic charges. We find that there are two kind of dressings: apart from the well known (electric) Wilson line dressing, there is a magnetic counterpart which can be written as a 't Hooft line operator. The 't Hooft line dressings are charged under the magnetic large gauge transformation (LGT), but are neutral under electric LGT. This is in contrast to the Faddeev-Kulish dressings of electrons, which can be written as a Wilson line operator and are charged under electric LGT but neutral under magnetic LGT. With these dressings and the corresponding construction of the coherent states, the infrared finiteness of the theory of electric and magnetic charges is guaranteed. Even in the absence of magnetic monopoles, the electric and magnetic soft modes exhibit the electromagnetic duality of vacuum Maxwell theory. Using only the asymptotic form of three-point interactions in a field theory of electric and magnetic charges, we show that the leading magnetic dressings, like the leading electric ones, are exact in the field theory of electric and magnetic charges, in accordance with a conjecture of Strominger. We then extend the construction to perturbative quantum gravity in asymptotically flat spacetime, and construct gravitational 't Hooft line dressings that are charged under dual supertranslations. The duality in the quantum theory between the electric and magnetic soft charges and their dressings is thus made manifest.
description: 26 pages, 1 figure. Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Corporate Preferences for Domestic Policy Instruments under a Sectoral Market Mechanism: A Case Study of Shanxi Province in China
Creators: name: Gao, Shuai
name: Cai, Wenjia
name: Liu, Wenling
name: Wang, Can
name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
name: Gao, Shuai
name: Cai, Wenjia
name: Liu, Wenling
name: Wang, Can
name: Zhang, ZhongXiang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Sectoral Market Mechanism
subject: Domestic Policy Instruments
subject: Policy Preference
subject: Company
subject: China

description: Understanding companies’ preferences for various domestic policy instruments is crucial to designing and planning Sectoral Market Mechanism (SMM) in China. Based on a detailed overview of domestic policy instruments under SMM, this paper evaluates corporate preferences for diverse domestic policy instruments and identifies potential influencing factors through econometric analysis. The data were collected from 113 respondents in all 11 prefecture-level cities of Shanxi province, China. Regarding policy instruments under the system of government receiving tradable units, corporate energy saving potential, learning capacity and companies’ characteristics have shown significant influences on companies’ preferences. Dissemination and the popularization of knowledge are also important to help companies learn how to improve energy efficiency. In terms of policy measures with voluntary installation-level targets, corporate competition level, organizational size and ownership are the main factors influencing companies’ preferences. Reducing inequality in the distribution of responsibility is especially important to gain companies’ support. Under the policy with mandatory installation-level targets, it suggests that policymakers should focus on status of energy use management and internationalization orientation. Policy instruments familiar to companies that are able to relieve corporate financial pressures might be good options to gain higher acceptance. Moreover, our results show that it is very important to choose an issuance frequency of one to three years under sectoral crediting.
Assessing activity energy expenditure from body-worn sensors during free-living
Creators: name: White, Thomas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: physical activity
epidemiology
deep learning
accelerometry
wearable sensors

description: There has been widespread adoption of single body-worn sensors to objectively capture the physical activity of free-living individuals in large studies across the world. For research into metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes, it is useful to use this data to assess activity energy expenditure, which requires development of inference models. This thesis describes the derivation and evaluation of models to estimate activity energy expenditure from acceleration data collected at either wrist or thigh. Two fundamentally different approaches were pursued; one follows a traditional approach of regressing metrics of movement intensity against activity energy expenditure, and one uses neural networks to learn a more complex relationship directly from the raw data. The performance of these models was then evaluated by agreement with a gold standard measure of energy expenditure in free-living humans. The generalisability of these models was then investigated by validating them in a large African cohort. Finally, the differences between the two methodological approaches were explored using a dataset of everyday activities performed in a laboratory. The movement intensity models accurately and precisely estimated activity energy expenditure in free-living adults with small and non-significant mean biases at the population level, and the neural network models offered a relatively modest but consistent increase in performance over their movement intensity counterparts. All models appeared to overestimate activity energy expenditure in the African population, which suggests that population specificity is a possibility, and caution should therefore be used when making international comparisons. There were systematic differences between the two modelling approaches when examined by activity type, indicating that the neural networks may be implicitly recognising activities, which may facilitate activity classification in free-living in the future. This works enhances the utility of raw acceleration signals now being collected in several large studies worldwide, and highlights the need for population-specific validity evaluation.
description: Studentship awarded by MedImmune.
title: Estimating Policy-Corrected Long-Term and Short-Term Tax Elasticities for the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Mierzwa, Sascha
name: Ünal, Umut
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Tax revenue
tax elasticity
United Kingdom
Germany
tax base
Economics
Wirtschaft
business cycle
United States.

description: We estimate the elasticities of the most important tax categories using a new quarterly database of discretionary tax measures for the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom over the period 1980Q1 to 2018Q2. Employing Romer and Romer’s (2009) narrative approach, we construct a policy-neutral dataset based on revenue figures from governmental records. Using this quantitative infor-mation, we are able to subtract policy-induced changes, which are typically not considered in the extant literature. Furthermore, we estimate state-dependent elasticities. Our conclusions are as follows. (i) In Germany and the UK, long-term tax-to-base elasticities are generally higher than short-term elasticities, whereas results for the US are mixed. (ii) Short-term base-to-output elasticities tend to be smaller than unity, whereas long-term elasticities are close to unity. (iii) German and UK tax-to-output elasticities in the short term are lower than long-term elasticities, with mixed results for the US. (iv) For tax-to-base elasticities, we find business cycle asymmetries across countries but not within countries. (v) For base-to-output elasticities, our results suggest few asymmetries across countries and more asymmetries across tax types. (vi) Typically, the above conclusions do not hold for corporate income tax.
Additional file 1 of Relationship between diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation prevalence in the Polish population: a report from the Non-invasive Monitoring for Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (NOMED-AF) prospective cross-sectional observational study
Creators: name: Gumprecht, Jakub
name: Lip, Gregory Y. H.
name: Sokal, Adam
name: Średniawa, Beata
name: Mitręga, Katarzyna
name: Stokwiszewski, Jakub
name: Wierucki, Łukasz
name: Rajca, Aleksandra
name: Rutkowski, Marcin
name: Zdrojewski, Tomasz
name: Grodzicki, Tomasz
name: Kaźmierczak, Jarosław
name: Opolski, Grzegorz
name: Kalarus, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. NOMED-AF – study profile.
Le dispositif des MAEt pour l’enjeu eau : une fausse bonne idée ?
Creators: name: Kuhfuss, Laure
name: Jacquet, Florence
name: Kuhfuss, Laure
name: Jacquet, Florence
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Territorialized agri-environmental measures (MAEt) were introduced in France for the 2007-2013 Common Agricultural Policy program, in order to improve the cost-effectiveness of agri-environmental policies. This paper assesses qualitatively the innovations of MAEt with special attention paid to water pollution issues. We analyze the advantages and limits of the partial decentralization of decision-making in the setting-up of agri-environmental projects; of improved targeting through the identification of eligible priority areas; and of greater flexibility introduced in the design of agri-environmental contracts. This analysis is illustrated by the results of a survey conducted with farmers in a French sub-region, Eure-et-Loir. This survey helps us to identify the reasons why farmers choose to sign agri-environmental contracts or not. The article concludes with a set of recommendations to improve the French agri-environmental system in the perspective of the 2013 CAP reform.
Oxysmilia rotundifolia
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Caryophylliidae
Oxysmilia
Oxysmilia rotundifolia

description: Oxysmilia rotundifolia (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848)
Figs. 4B–C
 Lophosmilia rotundifolia Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848: 247, pl. 5, figs. 3–3a.
 Oxysmilia rotundifolia Duchassaing, 1870: 27.— Cairns, 1979: 73–75, pl. 10, figs. 7–9, pl. 11, figs. 1–4, Map 16 (description and synonymy).— Fricke & Meischner, 1985: 183, fig. 11b.— Rezak et al., 1985: 225 (listed).—Prahl & Erhardt, 1989: 544–545.— Cairns et al., 1991: 47 (listed).— Cairns et al., 1994: 6–7.— Reyes et al., 2005: 324 (listed).— Santodomingo et al., 2007: 286 (listed).
 Remarks: The examined specimens fit in all aspects to the previous species description (Cairns 1979; 2000), but they have no traces of P3 development. O. rotundifolia is the largest attached corallum that has been collected in the Colombian Caribbean, although it is not abundant. Only few samples (two) were collected with living tissue off Gulf of Morrosquillo at 155–160 m depth. Colombian specimens resemble in shape to some individuals collected in Guyana, USNM 61887 (Guyana) and USNM 61874 (French Guyana).
 Distribution: Tropical western Atlantic, from Onslow Bay (North Carolina) to Surinam, including the Caribbean and the north coast of the Gulf of Mexico; from 46 to 640 m depth (Cairns 1979; 2000). In Colombia, it is known from San Andres Archipelago, off Santa Marta and off San Bernardo-Rosario Islands, between 100 and 238 m depth.
 Material: USNM 61879, O-4904; USNM 61876, 2 specimens, O-4832; USNM 61880; INV CNI326, 1 specimen [voucher from USNM 61876], O-4832; INV CNI684, 1 specimen, E156; INV CNI685, 1 specimen, E156; INV CNI686, 2 specimens, E155; INV CNI687, 14 specimens, E155; INV CNI688, 2 specimens, E122; INV CNI2400, 3 specimens, C1; INV CNI2431, 2 specimens, E246; INV CNI2437, 1 specimen, C2; INV CNI2454, 3 specimens, C3; INV CNI2467, 3 specimens, E246; INV CNI2508, 2 specimens, D3; INV CNI2518, 5 specimens, D12; INV CNI2534, 1 specimen, D28; INV CNI2714, 1 specimen, D37; INV CNI2738, 1 specimen, D38; INV CNI2843, 1 specimen, D15; INV CNI2894, 12 specimens, C2; INV CNI2909, 1 specimen, C3.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on page 22, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371
title: Internal Migration and House Prices in Australia
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Erol, Isil
name: Unal, Umut
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: Australia
Internal migration
Economics
Wirtschaft
Housing prices
Instrumental variables

description: Australia is one of the most mobile countries in the world through internal migration, which is an overlooked part of population change. This study provides the first empirical evidence for the impact of internal migration inflow on house price changes across 237 statistical regions in Australia from 2014 to 2019. Employing a spatial correlation approach and constructing a novel instrumental variable that matches the shift-share instrument used in the immigration literature, the paper indicates that population mobility increases housing prices in migrationreceiving regions. Internal migration that amounts to 1% of the initial local area population is associated with a 0.7% to 0.8% increase in house prices in the three most populated states of Australia. The results provide further suggestive evidence that migration inflow has a significant positive effect on house price changes in metropolitan areas of New South Wales and Victoria – i.e., Capital Cities of Sydney and Melbourne – rather than non-metropolitan regions.
Gaussian Elimination versus Greedy Methods for the Synthesis of Linear Reversible Circuits
Creators: name: de Brugière, Timothée Goubault
name: Baboulin, Marc
name: Valiron, Benoît
name: Martiel, Simon
name: Allouche, Cyril
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Linear reversible circuits represent a subclass of reversible circuits with many applications in quantum computing. These circuits can be efficiently simulated by classical computers and their size is polynomially bounded by the number of qubits, making them a good candidate to deploy efficient methods to reduce computational costs. We propose a new algorithm for synthesizing any linear reversible operator by using an optimized version of the Gaussian elimination algorithm coupled with a tuned LU factorization. We also improve the scalability of purely greedy methods. Overall, on random operators, our algorithms improve the state-of-the-art methods for specific ranges of problem sizes: the custom Gaussian elimination algorithm provides the best results for large problem sizes (n > 150) while the purely greedy methods provide quasi optimal results when n < 30. On a benchmark of reversible functions, we manage to significantly reduce the CNOT count and the depth of the circuit while keeping other metrics of importance (T-count, T-depth) as low as possible.
Topological Spin Liquids: Robustness under perturbations
Creators: name: Iqbal, Mohsin
name: Casademunt, Helena
name: Schuch, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the robustness of the paradigmatic kagome Resonating Valence Bond (RVB) spin liquid and its orthogonal version, the quantum dimer model. The non-orthogonality of singlets in the RVB model and the induced finite length scale not only makes it difficult to analyze, but can also significantly affect its physics, such as how much noise resilience it exhibits. Surprisingly, we find that this is not the case: The amount of perturbations which the RVB spin liquid can tolerate is not affected by the finite correlation length, making the dimer model a viable model for studying RVB physics under perturbations. Remarkably, we find that this is a universal phenomenon protected by symmetries: First, the dominant correlations in the RVB are spinon correlations, making the state robust against doping with visons. Second, reflection symmetry stabilizes the spin liquid against doping with spinons, by forbidding mixing of the initially dominant correlations with those which lead to the breakdown of topological order.
description: v2: accepted version
Structural and Stellar Population Properties vs. Bulge Types in Sloan Digital Sky Survey Central Galaxies
Creators: name: Luo, Yifei
name: Faber, S. M.
name: Rodriguez-Puebla, Aldo
name: Woo, Joanna
name: Guo, Yicheng
name: Koo, David C.
name: Primack, Joel R.
name: Chen, Zhu
name: Yesuf, Hassen M.
name: Lin, Lin
name: Barro, Guillermo
name: Fang, Jerome J.
name: Pandya, Viraj
name: Huertas-Company, M.
name: Mao, Shude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper studies pseudo-bulges (P-bulges) and classical bulges (C-bulges) in Sloan Digital Sky Survey central galaxies using the new bulge indicator $ΔΣ_1$, which measures relative central stellar-mass surface density within 1 kpc. We compare $ΔΣ_1$ to the established bulge-type indicator $Δ\langleμ_e\rangle$ from Gadotti (2009) and show that classifying by $ΔΣ_1$ agrees well with $Δ\langleμ_e\rangle$. $ΔΣ_1$ requires no bulge-disk decomposition and can be measured on SDSS images out to $z = 0.07$. Bulge types using it are mapped onto twenty different structural and stellar-population properties for 12,000 SDSS central galaxies with masses 10.0 < log $M_*$/$M_{\odot}$ < 10.4. New trends emerge from this large sample. Structural parameters show fairly linear log-log relations vs. $ΔΣ_1$ and $Δ\langleμ_e\rangle$ with only moderate scatter, while stellar-population parameters show a highly non-linear "elbow" in which specific star-formation rate remains roughly flat with increasing central density and then falls rapidly at the elbow, where galaxies begin to quench. P-bulges occupy the low-density end of the horizontal arm of the elbow and are universally star-forming, while C-bulges occupy the elbow and the vertical branch and exhibit a wide range of star-formation rates at fixed density. The non-linear relation between central density and star-formation rate has been seen before, but this mapping onto bulge class is new. The wide range of star-formation rates in C-bulges helps to explain why bulge classifications using different parameters have sometimes disagreed in the past. The elbow-shaped relation between density and stellar indices suggests that central structure and stellar-populations evolve at different rates as galaxies begin to quench.
description: 23 pages, 17 figures, published in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Relationship between diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation prevalence in the Polish population: a report from the Non-invasive Monitoring for Early Detection of Atrial Fibrillation (NOMED-AF) prospective cross-sectional observational study
Creators: name: Gumprecht, Jakub
name: Lip, Gregory Y. H.
name: Sokal, Adam
name: Średniawa, Beata
name: Mitręga, Katarzyna
name: Stokwiszewski, Jakub
name: Wierucki, Łukasz
name: Rajca, Aleksandra
name: Rutkowski, Marcin
name: Zdrojewski, Tomasz
name: Grodzicki, Tomasz
name: Kaźmierczak, Jarosław
name: Opolski, Grzegorz
name: Kalarus, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Comparison of AF- patients’ comorbidities between DM- and DM+ groups. Table S2. Odds ratio of atrial fibrillation prevalence in Polish population with concomitant diabetes mellitus in correlation to age and gender.
Bayes' theorem and quantum retrodiction
Creators: name: Barnett, Stephen M.
name: Pegg, David T.
name: Jeffers, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive on the basis of Bayes' theorem a simple but general expression for the retrodicted premeasurement state associated with the result of any measurement. The retrodictive density operator is the normalised probability operator measure element associated with the result. We examine applications to quantum optical cryptography and to the optical beam splitter.
description: 22 pages no figures
Sequencing in Isolation: Next-generation sequencing studies in founder populations
Creators: name: Gilly, Arthur Leonard
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: whole-genome sequencing
genetic
association study
population isolate
structural variant

description: Although common variants are routinely assayed in populations, rare mutations and copy-number variants are understudied contributors to the aetiology of complex traits. Isolated populations hold the promise of increased power gains in detecting associations in rare and low-frequency variants that have drifted up in frequency due to founder events and geographical isolation. Population-specific imputation reference panels and very low-depth whole-genome sequencing have been proposed as ways to boost power in next-generation association studies while keeping sequencing costs low. The aim of this work is to leverage the wealth of sequencing data generated as part of the HELIC project to study the allelic architecture of complex phenotypes and identify sequence variants associated with traits of medical relevance. We develop METACARPA, a method that meta-analyses summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. We establish a robust pipeline for the imputation and refinement of 1x whole-genome sequencing data, as well as a quality control and association pipeline for cohort-wide high-depth sequencing. We examine variant selection and weighting methods for genome-wide burden testing of rare variants, and write several tools for the visualisation of single-point and aggregated association results. Finally, we develop UN-CNVc, a fast copy number variant caller optimised for population-wide sequencing data. Applying METACARPA to a 4-way multi-array and multi-cohort analysis of the HELIC array data allowed the discovery, among others, of two lipid-associated loci, including the cardioprotective low-frequency variant rs145556679. In our cohorts, 1x data provided access to more than 100,000 low-frequency variants not discovered using an imputed chip design, and allowed to replicate a burden of low-frequency and rare cardioprotective variants in the APOC3 gene. We discover burdens of rare regulatory and coding variants independent of known common-variant associations at known loci, such as in the ADIPOQ gene for adiponectin or GGT1 for gamma-glutamyltransferase, as well as novel associations entirely driven by rare variants, such as with triglycerides for the FAM189B gene. We describe two complex gene deletions influencing serum levels of this genes' protein products, called using UN-CNVc.
MOESM11 of Genomic interrogation of familial short stature contributes to the discovery of the pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmaceutical drug repositioning
Creators: name: Wong, Henry
name: Lin, Ying-Ju
name: Hsing-Fang Lu
name: Liao, Wen-Ling
name: Chien-Hsiun Chen
name: Jer-Yuarn Wu
name: Wei-Chiao Chang
name: Fuu-Jen Tsai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 11: Table S6. Subnetwork statistics. (DOCX 13 kb)
Demande de séjour touristique en espace rural et vecteurs de valorisation marchande d’aménités naturelles et patrimoniales
Creators: name: Rambonilaza, Tina
name: Rambonilaza, Tina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The empirical analysis of tourists demand for rural areas received little attention from literature in tourism economics. In this study, the discrete choice experiment method was adapted to analyze the demand for short days around the Gironde estuary. The results of an on-line survey launched in 2011 show that the individuals responding to the questionnaire prefer a natural adventure tour and they are ready to spend for as much as for the wine tasting and wineries cultural heritage tour. However, the future tourists ask for an access to the most authentic and famous natural amenities of the destination: here the estuary’s islands and the riparian marshes landscapes. To benefit from these landscapes, they prefer a collective boat trip – a highly priced activity – to free use of walking trail through the wetland landscape. The use of the monetary valuation of the benefit of public funding for inland waterway transport infrastructure was afterward discussed.
Magellan Spectroscopy of the Galaxy Cluster RX J1347.5-1145: Redshift Estimates for the Gravitationally Lensed Arcs
Creators: name: Ravindranath, Swara
name: Ho, Luis C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present imaging and spectroscopic observations of the gravitationally lensed arcs in the field of RX J1347.5-1145, the most X-ray luminous galaxy cluster known. Based on the detection of the [OII] 3727 emission line, we confirm that the redshift of one of the arcs is z = 0.806. Its color and [OII] line strength are consistent with those of distant, actively star forming galaxies. In a second arc, we tentatively identify a pair of absorption lines superposed on a red continuum; the lines are consistent with Ca II H & K at z = 0.785. We detected a faint blue continuum in two additional arcs, but no spectral line features could be measured. We establish lower limits to their redshifts based on the absence of [OII] emission, which we argue should be present and detectable in these objects. Redshifts are also given for a number of galaxies in the field of the cluster.
description: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal (September 2002). 6 pages
Coenosmilia arbuscula Pourtales 1874
Creators: name: Reyes, Javier
name: Santodomingo, Nadiezhda
name: Cairns, Stephen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Cnidaria
Anthozoa
Scleractinia
Caryophylliidae
Coenosmilia
Coenosmilia arbuscula

description: Coenosmilia arbuscula Pourtalès, 1874
Fig. 4R
 Coenosmilia arbuscula Pourtalès, 1874: 39–40, pl. 7, fig. 1.— Cairns, 1979: 130–132, pl. 24, figs. 9–11, Map 36 (synonymy and description).— Rezak et al., 1985: 225 (listed).—Prahl & Erhardt, 1989: 547–548.— Cairns et al., 1991: 47 (listed).— Cairns et al., 1994: 4 (listed).— Reyes et al., 2005: 324 (listed).— Santodomingo et al., 2007: 286 (listed).
 Coenosmilia fecunda Zibrowius, 1980: 131 (in part: pl. 68, figs. A–F). [Not Coelosmilia fecunda Pourtalès, 1871].
 Remarks: Some specimens exhibit combined characteristics with A. fecunda, mainly in those stations where both species were collected alive. This mixture of morphological characters could be the result of hybridization and cross-breeding processes between these two species (see also A. fecunda remarks). C. arbuscula specimens were abundant on hard bottoms of the continental shelf, where azooxanthellate coralline communities develop. Colombian specimens are similar to USNM 80212 (Colombia-Nicaragua border).
 Distribution: Amphi-atlantic; from 74 to 622 m depth (Cairns 1979; 2000). In Colombia, C. arbuscula has been collected along the Caribbean coast, from La Guajira Peninsula (Prahl & Erhardt 1989) to San Bernardo Islands, between 72 and 218 m depth.
 Material: USNM 46558, P-1354; USNM 80221, O-4832; USNM 80212, O-3568; INV CNI401, 3 specimens, E7; INV CNI402, 37 specimens, E8; INV CNI403, 10 specimens, E8; INV CNI404, 86 specimens, E8; INV CNI405, 3 specimens, E8; INV CNI852 E156; INV CNI853, 1 specimen, E125; INV CNI2440, 3 specimens, D12; INV CNI2461, 21 specimens, C3; INV CNI2504, + 50 specimens, D3; INV CNI2526, + 50 specimens, D12; INV CNI2541, + 50 specimens, D28; INV CNI2691, 3 specimens, D31; INV CNI2831, 2 specimens, C2; INV CNI2873, + 10 specimens, D36; INV CNI2892, 3 specimens, D28; INV CNI2898, + 50 specimens, C2; INV CNI2899, 3 specimens, C2; INV CNI2923, + 15 specimens, C3.
description: Published as part of Reyes, Javier, Santodomingo, Nadiezhda & Cairns, Stephen, 2009, Caryophylliidae (Scleractinia) from the Colombian Caribbean, pp. 1-39 in Zootaxa 2262 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2262.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5306371
Negative refraction and left-handed behavior in two-dimensional photonic crystals
Creators: name: Foteinopoulou, S.
name: Soukoulis, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We systematically examine the conditions of obtaining left-handed (LH) behavior in photonic crystals. Detailed studies of the phase and group velocities as well as the phase np and group ng refractive index are given. The existence of negative refraction does not guarantee the existence of negative index of refraction and so LH behavior. A wedge type of experiment is suggested that can unambiguously distiguinsh between cases of negative refraction that occur when left-handed behavior is present, from cases that show negative refraction without LH behavior.
description: 4 pages 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B Rapid Communications
title: The German Facebook Case: The Law and Economics of the Relationship between Competition and Data Protection Law
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Kerber, Wolfgang
name: Zolna, Karsten K.
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2021
Subjects: privacy
digital platforms
Facebook
Economics
Wirtschaft
competition law
data protection law

description: Can competition law also take into account effects on privacy or should pri-vacy concerns of data-collecting behaviour only be dealt with by data protection law? In this paper we are analysing the German Facebook case, in which certain terms of service (that force consumers to give consent for merging personal data collected through Facebook services with those collected from tracking and third-party websites) were prohibited as exploitative abuse of a dominant firm. We show from an economic perspective that due to the simultaneous existence of two market failures (market dom-inance, information and behavioral problems) and complex interaction effects between both market failures and both policies in digital markets, the traditional approach of a strict separation of both policies is not possible any more, leading to the need for more collaboration and alignment of both policies. With respect to the substantive question of protecting a minimum level of choice options for consumers regarding personal data vis-a-vis dominant digital platform firms, the recent decision of the German Federal Court of Justice in the Facebook case and the proposed Digital Market Act have opened new perspectives for dealing with privacy concerns in competition law and regulation.