cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Integrated Routing Protocol for Opportunistic Networks
Creators: name: Verma, Anshul
name: Srivastava, Dr. Anurag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In opportunistic networks the existence of a simultaneous path is not assumed to transmit a message between a sender and a receiver. Information about the context in which the users communicate is a key piece of knowledge to design efficient routing protocols in opportunistic networks. But this kind of information is not always available. When users are very isolated, context information cannot be distributed, and cannot be used for taking efficient routing decisions. In such cases, context oblivious based schemes are only way to enable communication between users. As soon as users become more social, context data spreads in the network, and context based routing becomes an efficient solution. In this paper we design an integrated routing protocol that is able to use context data as soon as it becomes available and falls back to dissemination based routing when context information is not available. Then, we provide a comparison between Epidemic and PROPHET, these are representative of context oblivious and context aware routing protocols. Our results show that integrated routing protocol is able to provide better result in term of message delivery probability and message delay in both cases when context information about users is available or not.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures, (IJACSA) International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications
Morality and the Public Good in Post-Socialist European States
Creators: name: Sieben, Inge
name: Halman, Loek
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: morality; public good; communist rule; democracy; comparative research.

description: In this study, we investigate morality in relation to the public good in post-socialist Europe. Public good morality is defined as the (non)acceptance of behaviour that contravenes the law and harms society and the greater good of the collective, such as cheating on taxes if one has the chance, paying cash to avoid taxes, not paying one’s fare in public transport, and claiming state benefits one is not entitled to. Using data from the European Values Study in 2008 on more than 30,000 respondents in 23 post-socialist states, we find that on average the level of public good morality is quite high: 8.4 on a ten-point scale. However, there are marked differences between individuals and between countries, which we attempt to explain by looking at the legacy of communist rule, processes of democratization and compliance attitudes. We find that individuals living in former Soviet states are more ‘lenient’ when it comes to actions that harm the collective. However, those who lived under communist rule for a longer time display higher (and not lower) levels of public good morality. The level of democracy in a country does not seem to add any explanatory power, but individuals who hold more democratic values appear to be morally less strict. Finally, compliance attitudes such as interpersonal trust and confidence in government do not seem to mediate the observed relationships between communist rule and democracy on the one hand and public good morality on the other hand.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
Thermal conductivity and diffusion-mediated localization in Fe_{1-x}Cr_{x} Alloys
Creators: name: Alam, Aftab
name: Chouhan, Rajiv K.
name: Mookerjee, Abhijit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a new Kubo-Greenwood type formula combined with a generalized Feynman diagram- matic technique to report a first principles calculation of the thermal transport properties of disordered Fe_{1-x}Cr_{x} alloys. The diagrammatic approach simplifies the inclusion of disorder-induced scattering effects on the two particle correlation functions and hence renormalizes the heat current operator to calculate configuration averaged lattice thermal conductivity and diffusivity. The thermal conductivity K(T) in the present case shows an approximate quadratic T-dependence in the low temperature regime (T < 20 K), which subsequently rises smoothly to a T-independent saturated value at high T . A numerical estimate of mobility edge from the thermal diffusivity data yields the fraction of localized states. It is concluded that the complex disorder scattering processes, in force-constant dominated disorder alloys such as Fe-Cr, tend to localize the vibrational modes quite significantly.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Charismatic Routinization and Problems of Post-Charisma Succession in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
Creators: name: Isaacs, Rico
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: charismatic routinisation; charisma; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan; Turkmenistan; political succession.

description: Using Weber’s concept of charismatic routinisation, this article analyses the dilemmas related to political succession and post-charismatic order in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. While the presidents of these three countries have drawn their authority from a combination of charismatic, legal-rational and traditional authority, they have relied most heavily on charisma in particular to sustain their rule. With the presidents of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan aging and facing the question of political succession, the article provides an analysis of the problems associated with potential for post-charismatic succession in these states. It does so by drawing on three of Weber’s mechanisms for charismatic routinisation: designation, hereditary charisma, and charisma in office. The analysis demonstrates that in these three cases, despite charisma only having two routes available to it, traditional and legal-rational, the mixture of legal-rational, traditional and charismatic domination undermines the process of charismatic routinisation. Consequently, the article argues that political succession in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan will most likely evolve into a reconstitution of charismatic leadership.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
On the impact of $f(Q)$ gravity on the Large Scale Structure
Creators: name: Sokoliuk, Oleksii
name: Arora, Simran
name: Praharaj, Subhrat
name: Baransky, Alexander
name: Sahoo, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the exponential $f(Q)$ symmetric teleparallel gravitation, namely $f(Q)=Q+αQ_0(1-e^{-β\sqrt{Q/Q_0}})$ using \texttt{ME-GADGET} code to probe the structure formation with box sizes $L_{\mathrm{box}}=10/100$ Mpc$/h$ and middle resolution $N_p^{1/3}=512$. To reproduce viable cosmology within the aforementioned modified gravity theory, we first perform Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling on OHD/BAO/Pantheon datasets and constrain a parameter space. Furthermore, we also derive theoretical values for deceleration parameter $q(z)$, statefinder pair $\{r,s\}$ and effective gravitational constant $G_{\mathrm{eff}}$, perform $Om(z)$ diagnostics. While carrying out N-body+SPH simulations, we derive CDM+baryons over density/temperature/mean molecular weight fields, matter power spectrum (both 2/3D, with/without redshift space distortions), bispectrum, two-point correlation function and halo mass function. Results for small and big simulation box sizes are therefore properly compared, halo mass function is related to the Seth-Tormen theoretical prediction and matter power spectrum to the standard \texttt{CAMB} output.
description: MNRAS accepted version
The efficiency of electron acceleration during the impulsive phase of a solar flare
Creators: name: Kontar, Eduard P.
name: Emslie, A. Gordon
name: Motorina, Galina G.
name: Dennis, Brian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar flares are known to be prolific electron accelerators, yet identifying the mechanism(s) for such efficient electron acceleration in solar flare (and similar astrophysical settings) presents a major challenge. This is due in part to a lack of observational constraints related to conditions in the primary acceleration region itself. Accelerated electrons with energies above $\sim$20~keV are revealed by hard X-ray (HXR) bremsstrahlung emission, while accelerated electrons with even higher energies manifest themselves through radio gyrosynchrotron emission. Here we show, for a well-observed flare on 2017~September~10, that a combination of \emph{RHESSI} hard X-ray and and SDO/AIA EUV observations provides a robust estimate of the fraction of the ambient electron population that is accelerated at a given time, with an upper limit of $\sim 10^{-2}$ on the number density of nonthermal ($\ge 20$~keV) electrons, expressed as a fraction of the number density of ambient protons in the same volume. This upper limit is about two orders of magnitude lower than previously inferred from microwave observations of the same event. Our results strongly indicate that the fraction of accelerated electrons in the coronal region at any given time is relatively small, but also that the overall duration of the HXR emission requires a steady resupply of electrons to the acceleration site. Simultaneous measurements of the instantaneous accelerated electron number density and the associated specific electron acceleration rate provide key constraints for a quantitative study of the mechanisms leading to electron acceleration in magnetic reconnection events.
description: 5 figures, 10 pages
Very Large Array Observations of Disturbed Ion Flow from the Plasmasphere to the Nighttime Ionosphere
Creators: name: Helmboldt, Joseph
name: Intema, Huib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a multi-scale analysis of TEC fluctuations using a roughly five-hour observation of the bright radio source Virgo A with the Very Large Array (VLA) at 74 MHz in its B configuration. Our analysis combines data sensitive to fine-scale structure (~10 km and <0.001 TECU in amplitude) along the line of sight to Virgo A as well as larger structures (hundreds of km) observed using several (~30) moderately bright sources in the field of view. The observations span a time period from midnight to dawn local time during 1 March 2001. Several groups of magnetic eastward directed (MED), wavelike disturbances were identified and determined to be located within the plasmasphere (2.1
description: accepted to Radio Science
Citizenship, National Identity and Political Education: Some Disputable Questions
Creators: name: Gutorov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: citizenship; political education; nation-state; civil rights; national identity; political culture; ideological transformations

description: The article seeks to elucidate some controversial problems of the formation of both civic and national selfconsciousness through analysing the politics of identity and citizenship, which has assumed increasing importance in Western and Eastern European countries. Citizenship is considered as a dynamic construct that should be viewed as a ‘process’ through which specific rights and obligations are exercised. The central task, therefore, is to analyse the evolution of various conceptions of citizenship in the light of historical experience, continuity and change, as well as the process of transformation of the model of political education that has emerged within the framework of the liberal political culture of the 19th century and has continued to exert a great impact on the development of political discourse in the modern world. Special attention is given to the comparative analysis of the models of civic and national identity in the USA, Western and Eastern Europe, including post-communist Russia. The author argues that the conception of identity as well, as the criteria for its defi nition, have become crucial in the discussion of problems of citizenship and political education. The issue remains whether an effective model of political education alone, i.e. without active citizens’ involvement and support, can have the potential not only to transform a political culture, but also influence the whole system of both secondary and university education. The final aim of the article is to prove the idea that a new conception of citizenship and political education could, in conditions of a deepening crisis, become the most important link binding civil society and the new content of the political making its way through corporative interests.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 1 (2015)
Textile wastewater treatment by the adsorption-EC hybrid method: the effect of process parameters and economic study
Creators: name: Wadhwa, Dhiraj
name: Shankar, Ravi
name: Singh, Dhananjay
name: Gupta, Shreya
name: Upadhyay, Shrish
name: Agrawal, Jyoti
name: Khare, Prateek
name: Mondal, Prasenjit
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: The current study covers the textile wastewater (TW) treatment by the electrochemical (EC) method in individual and hybrid modes. The EC experiments have been performed to optimise the operating parameters and current: 1 A, NaCl dose: 1 g/L; solution pH: 7; IED: 1.5 cm and stirrer speed: 1000 RPM have been optimised during the experimental study. Furthermore, the effect of bagasse fly ash (BFA) and bagasse fly ash-based nanoparticles (BFA-NC) adsorbent on the EC process has been studied. By adding 1 g/L of BFA and BFA-NC in the EC process, the % COD removal is increased from 86 to 92 and 97%, respectively. While the treatment time is reduced from 60 to 45 & 30 min, respectively. Overall, INR 74.59, 59.61 and 41.04 per kg COD removal is needed for EC, EC + BFA & EC + BFA-NC, respectively for TW treatment. The sludge/scum can produce 2.37, 3.32 and 3.39 J/mg energy generated EC, EC + BFA & EC + BFA-NC, respectively.
An Evaluation of the Persistence of Blat in Post-Soviet Societies: a Case Study of Ukraine’s Health Services Sector
Creators: name: Williams, Colin C
name: Onoshchenko, Olga
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: social capital; blat; guanxi; wasta; corruption; nepotism; cronyism; informal economy; health services; Ukraine

description: The use of personal connections to gain preferential access to goods and services and circumvent formal procedures exists in all countries to varying degrees. In this paper, the aim is to evaluate critically the continuing widespread positive depiction of this practice as a form of friendly help. Studying the health services sector in the city of Mykolayiv in Ukraine, this practice known as blat, widely used in Soviet societies to gain access to goods and services, is shown to persist in post-Soviet market societies but to have transformed. Those possessing connections and access to health services now increasingly view such access-assets as commodities to sell rather than provide them as non-monetised friendly favours. The outcome is a call for blat to be re-theorised more negatively as an exemplar of the darker side of social capital, and for a policy shift from doing nothing to seeking its eradication.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
A Sociology for the 21st Century? An Enquiry into Public Sociology Reading Zygmunt Bauman
Creators: name: Aidnik, Martin
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: Bauman, Burawoy, public sociology, civil society, ethics

description: Michael Burawoy´s ´public sociology´ presents a vision of engaged and political sociology as one of its legitimate branches. The article will consider public sociology in light of Zygmunt Bauman's social thought; one of the most acclaimed sociologists whose writings transcend academic readership. It will identify similarities and differences concerning their understanding of contemporary society and sociology's tasks, and its shortcomings, which will sediment public sociology´s cause. The article will discuss the identity of a public sociologist through Bauman's concept of a postmodern ´interpreter´, which will be seen as illuminating for both political and sociological reasons. The main aim of the essay is to interpret public sociology from the point of view of Bauman's writings on post/liquid modernity social formation, and thereby increase its awareness of the ways in which contemporary societies call for sociological engagement. It will be argued that greater concern with ethics will make public sociology more coherent.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Ultrafast Interference Imaging of Air in Splashing Dynamics
Creators: name: Driscoll, Michelle M.
name: Nagel, Sidney R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A drop impacting a solid surface with sufficient velocity will emit many small droplets creating a splash. However, splashing is completely suppressed if the surrounding gas pressure is lowered. The mechanism by which the gas affects splashing remains unknown. We use high-speed interference imaging to measure the air beneath all regions of a spreading viscous drop as well as optical absorption to measure the drop thickness. Although an initial air bubble is created on impact, no significant air layer persists until the time a splash is created. This suggests that splashing in our experimentally accessible range of viscosities is initiated at the edge of the drop as it encroaches into the surrounding gas.
The Phenomenon of Trust in Flat Owners' Collective Renovation Strategies in Estonia
Creators: name: Ojamäe, Liis
name: Paadam, Katrin
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: trust, housing renewal, flat-owners, collective action, Estonia

description: Mobilising flat-owners into renovating residential blocks in post-socialist countries has been a complicated process. Evidence from Estonia show that the success of collective renewal strategies depends not only on economic issues but also on ways investments are organised and, significantly, the relationship of trust between different actors. The paper aims at conceptualising the issue of institutional trust upon the experience of urban housing renewal in Estonia. It is contended that trust is crucial for the joint decision-making in a block as well as for facilitating negotiations between flat-owners associations, local municipalities and market actors. The paper draws on three qualitative studies conducted in Estonia during the 2000s which allow asserting that trust towards new strategies of housing renewal can be achieved and maintained by ‘best practices’, which by concentrating expert knowledge also denote direct communication between experts and flat-owners. While it is important to raise the residents’ technical knowledgeability, it is indispensable to develop abilities to manage and communicate the renovation process between different parties. The public sector is conceived to be a central actor in sustaining trust between actors who have no previous positive experience from collective residential strategies
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Topological Surface Magnetism and Neel Vector Control in a Magnetoelectric Antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Du, Kai
name: Xu, Xianghan
name: Won, Choongjae
name: Wang, Kefeng
name: Crooker, Scott A.
name: Rangan, Sylvie
name: Bartynski, Robert
name: Cheong, Sang-Wook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Antiferromagnetic states with no stray magnetic fields can enable high-density ultra-fast spintronic technologies. However, the detection and control of antiferromagnetic Neel vectors remain challenging. Linear magnetoelectric antiferromagnets (LMAs) may provide new pathways, but applying simultaneous electric and magnetic fields, necessary to control Neel vectors in LMAs, is cumbersome and impractical for most applications. Herein, we show that Cr2O3, a prototypical room-temperature LMA, carries a topologically-protected surface magnetism in all surfaces, which stems from intrinsic surface electric fields due to band bending, combined with the bulk linear magnetoelectricity. Consequently, bulk Neel vectors with zero bulk magnetization can be simply tuned by magnetic fields through controlling the magnetizations associated with the surface magnetism. Our results imply that the surface magnetizations discovered in Cr2O3 should be also present in all LMAs.
A Static Analysis of Informed Down-Samples
Creators: name: Boldi, Ryan
name: Lalejini, Alexander
name: Helmuth, Thomas
name: Spector, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an analysis of the loss of population-level test coverage induced by different down-sampling strategies when combined with lexicase selection. We study recorded populations from the first generation of genetic programming runs, as well as entirely synthetic populations. Our findings verify the hypothesis that informed down-sampling better maintains population-level test coverage when compared to random down-sampling. Additionally, we show that both forms of down-sampling cause greater test coverage loss than standard lexicase selection with no down-sampling. However, given more information about the population, we found that informed down-sampling can further reduce its test coverage loss. We also recommend wider adoption of the static population analyses we present in this work.
description: Accepted to the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2023
Social Trust and Value Similarity: the Relationship between Social Trust and Human Values in Europe
Creators: name: Beilmann, Mai
name: Lilleoja, Laur
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: social trust, human values, value similarity, European Social Survey.

description: The purpose of the current paper is to test whether value similarity may foster social trust in society and whether people have higher levels of social trust when they emphasise the same values that prevail in their country. The relationship between social trust and human values was examined in a sample of 51,308 people across 29 European countries using data from the European Social Survey round 6. Results suggest that value similarity is more important in generating individual level social trust in countries where the overall levels of social trust are higher. There is a stronger positive relationship between value similarity and social trust in Scandinavian countries, which have high social trust levels, while in countries with a low level of social trust, congruity of the personal value structure with the country level value structure tends to decrease the individuals trustfulness
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 2 (2015)
Stellar, brown dwarf and multiple star properties from a radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation
Creators: name: Bate, Matthew R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the statistical properties of stars, brown dwarfs and multiple systems obtained from the largest radiation hydrodynamical simulation of star cluster formation to date that resolves masses down to the opacity limit for fragmentation (a few Jupiter masses). The initial conditions are identical to those of previous barotropic calculations published by Bate, but this time the calculation is performed using a realistic equation of state and radiation hydrodynamics. The calculation uses sink particles to model 183 stars and brown dwarfs, including 28 binaries and 12 higher-order multiple systems, the properties of which are compared the results from observational surveys. We find that the radiation hydrodynamical/sink particle simulation reproduces many observed stellar properties very well. In particular, whereas using a barotropic equation of state produces more brown dwarfs than stars, the inclusion of radiative feedback results in a stellar mass function and a ratio of brown dwarfs to stars in good agreement with observations of Galactic star-forming regions. In addition, many of the other statistical properties of the stars and brown dwarfs are in reasonable agreement with observations, including multiplicity as a function of primary mass, the frequency of very-low-mass binaries, and general trends for the mass ratio and separation distributions of binaries. We also examine the velocity dispersion of the stars, the distributions of disc truncation radii due to dynamical interactions, and coplanarity of orbits and sink particle spins in multiple systems. Overall, the calculation produces a cluster of stars whose statistical properties are difficult to distinguish from observed systems, implying that gravity, hydrodynamics, and radiative feedback are the primary ingredients for determining the origin of the statistical properties of low-mass stars.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 33 pages, 23 figures. Animations can be found at http://www.astro.ex.ac.uk/people/mbate/
Undulatory locomotion of {\it C. elegans} on wet surfaces
Creators: name: Shen, Xiao N.
name: Sznitman, J.
name: Krajacic, P.
name: Lamitina, T.
name: Arratia, P. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical and bio-mechanical principles that govern undulatory movement on wet surfaces have important applications in physiology, physics, and engineering. The nematode {\it C. elegans}, with its highly stereotypical and functionally distinct sinusoidal locomotory gaits, is an excellent system in which to dissect these properties. Measurements of the main forces governing the {\it C. elegans} crawling gait on lubricated surfaces have been scarce, primarily due to difficulties in estimating the physical features at the nematode-gel interface. Using kinematic data and a hydrodynamic model based on lubrication theory, we calculate both the surface drag forces and the nematode's bending force while crawling on the surface of agar gels. We find that the normal and tangential surface drag force coefficients during crawling are approximately 220 and 22, respectively, and the drag coefficient ratio is approximately 10. During crawling, the calculated internal bending force is time-periodic and spatially complex, exhibiting a phase lag with respect to the nematode's body bending curvature. This phase lag is largely due to viscous drag forces, which are higher during crawling as compared to swimming in an aqueous buffer solution. The spatial patterns of bending force generated during either swimming or crawling correlate well with previously described gait-specific features of calcium signals in muscle. Further, our analysis indicates that changes in the motility gait of {\it C. elegans} is most likely due to the nematode's adaptive response to environments characterized by different drag coefficient ratios.
Parton Energy Loss in Two-Stream Plasma System
Creators: name: Carrington, M. E.
name: Deja, K.
name: Mrowczynski, St.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy loss of a fast parton scattering elastically in a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma is formulated as an initial value problem. The approach is designed to study an unstable plasma, but it also reproduces the well known result of energy loss in an equilibrium plasma. A two-stream system, which is unstable due to longitudinal chromoelectric modes, is discussed here some detail. In particular, a strong time and directional dependence of the energy loss is demonstrated.
description: 6 pages; presented by K. Deja at the conference Strangeness in Quark Matter, Cracow, Poland, September 18-24, 2011
Querschleppversuche mit Platten und Schiffsmodellen
Creators: name: Kwik, Kîng H.
Publisher: name: TUHH Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 1963
Subjects: classificationCode: 620
subject: Ingenieurwissenschaften
classificationCode: 620
subject: Engineering and allied operations
classificationCode: 52.00
subject: Maschinenbau, Energietechnik, Fertigungstechnik: Allgemeines

description: Querschleppversuche mit Platten und Schiffsmodellen
Discovery of the lensed quasar eRASS1 J050129.5-073309 with $\textit{SRG}/$eROSITA and ${\it Gaia}$
Creators: name: Tubín-Arenas, D.
name: Lamer, G.
name: Krumpe, M.
name: Urrutia, T.
name: Schwope, A.
name: Brogan, R.
name: Comparat, J.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Bulbul, E.
name: Garrel, C.
name: Schramm, M.
name: Liu, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery and spectroscopic identification of the bright doubly lensed quasar eRASS1 J050129.5-073309 at redshift $z=2.47$, selected from the first all-sky survey of the ${\it Spectrum\; Roentgen\; Gamma\; (SRG)}$ eROSITA telescope and the ${\it Gaia}$ EDR3 catalog. We systematically search for extragalactic sources with eROSITA X-ray positions having multiple ${\it Gaia}$ counterparts and have started spectroscopic follow-up of the most promising candidates using long-slit spectroscopy with NTT/EFOSC2 to confirm the lens nature. The two images are separated by $2.7''$ and their average ${\it Gaia}$ ${\it g}$-band magnitudes are 16.95 and 17.33. Legacy Survey DR10 imaging and image modeling reveal both the lensing galaxy and tentatively the lensed image of the quasar host galaxy. Archival optical light curves show evidence of a variability time delay with the fainter component lagging the brighter by about 100 days. The fainter image has also decreased its brightness by about 1 magnitude since 2019. This dimming was still obvious at the time of the spectroscopic observations and is probably caused by microlensing. The optical spectroscopic follow-up obtained from NTT/EFOSC2 and the evidence provided by the imaging and timing analysis allow us to confirm the lensed nature of eRASS1 J050129.5-073309.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
Jean Clottes/Jean Courtin, Grotte Cosquer bei Marseille. Eine im Meer versunkene Bilderhöhle
Creators: name: Mania, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Jean Clottes/Jean Courtin, Grotte Cosquer bei Marseille. Eine im Meer versunkene Bilderhöhle. Herausgegeben von Gerhard Bosinski. Jan Thorbecke Verlag GmbH & Co., Sigmaringen 1995. ISBN 3-7995-9001-3. 198 Seiten mit 191 Abbildungen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 75 Nr. 2 (1997)
Does marriage and having children make life better in Europe?
Creators: name: Ainsaar, Mare
name: Rootalu, Kadri
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: life satisfaction; family types; children; social support

description: The diversity of family types is increasing in Europe. Existing research provides inconsistent results on whether having children in a family influences life satisfaction, and even less is known about how different partnership and social support types influence life satisfaction. We investigate the life satisfaction of officially registered and cohabiting persons with and without children in 24 European countries using the latest European Social Survey data from 2012. To investigate the influence of society and individual selection on family types, we include a range of individual and macroeconomic indicators in the multilevel analyses. The results demonstrate that life satisfaction is influenced by partnership and partnership type, children in a household do not elevate life satisfaction, and lack of economic coping problems might raise the positive value of children. Although the general life satisfaction levels follow predominantly the East–West alignment, the life satisfaction of families within countries is more driven by social support and a clear division of countries between East and West societies is not perceivable.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
Dynamical properties of the unitary Fermi gas: collective modes and shock waves
Creators: name: Salasnich, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the unitary Fermi gas made of dilute and ultracold atoms with an infinite s-wave inter-atomic scattering length. First we introduce an efficient Thomas-Fermi-von Weizsacker density functional which describes accurately various static properties of the unitary Fermi gas trapped by an external potential. Then, the sound velocity and the collective frequencies of oscillations in a harmonic trap are derived from extended superfluid hydrodynamic equations which are the Euler-Lagrange equations of a Thomas-Fermi-von Weizsacker action functional. Finally, we show that this amazing Fermi gas supports supersonic and subsonic shock waves.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, invited talk at the International Workshop "Critical Stability 2011" (Erice, October 2011), to be published in the journal Few Body Systems
When do people want to retire? The preferred retirement age gap between Eastern and Western Europe explained
Creators: name: De Tavernier, Wouter
name: Roots, Ave
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: Preferred retirement age; job demand; job control; legal retirement age; Europe

description: Debates surrounding working longer focus mainly on increasing legal and effective retirement ages, leaving the preferred retirement age largely overlooked. There is a large East-West divide in Europe regarding the latter, with individuals in Eastern Europe wanting to retire earlier. We aim to explain this gap in terms of differences in working conditions and state-level legal conditions. Using the 2010 European Social Survey data on employed individuals aged 50-70 in 24 countries enriched with country-level information, we find that part of the explanation is found in the lower levels of job control found in Eastern Europe. Moreover, the results suggest that Karasek’s job demand/control model fits better in Western than Eastern European countries. Another explanation is found at the country level, where the legal retirement age accounts for a major part of the gap in preferred retirement ages between East and West.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
Whither Archaeology? Papers in Honour of Evžen Neustupný
Creators: name: Krauße, Dirk
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2020

description: Rezension zu: Whither Archaeology? Papers in Honour of Evžen Neustupný. Edited by Martin Kuna and Natalie Venclová. Institute of Archaeology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republik, Praha 1994. ISBN 80-901934-0-4. 312 Seiten mit 42 Abbildungen und 23 Tabellen
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 75 Nr. 2 (1997)
Testing coupled dark energy with next-generation large-scale observations
Creators: name: Amendola, Luca
name: Pettorino, Valeria
name: Quercellini, Claudia
name: Vollmer, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coupling dark energy to dark matter provides one of the simplest way to effectively modify gravity at large scales without strong constraints from local (i.e. solar system) observations. Models of coupled dark energy have been studied several times in the past and are already significantly constrained by cosmic microwave background experiments. In this paper we estimate the constraints that future large-scale observations will be able to put on the coupling and in general on all the parameters of the model. We combine cosmic microwave background, tomographic weak lensing, redshift distortions and power spectrum probes. We show that next-generation observations can improve the current constraint on the coupling to dark matter by two orders of magnitude; this constraint is complementary to the current solar-system bounds on a coupling to baryons.
description: 18 pages, 12 figs, 8 tables
Predictors and consequences of job insecurity: Comparison of Slovakia and Estonia
Creators: name: Ištoňová, Lucia
name: Fedáková, Denisa
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: job insecurity; predictors; consequences; European Social Survey

description: Job insecurity is a significant current social issue in many European countries. Slovakia and Estonia significantly differ in the prevalence of job insecurity. The main aim of the present study was to compare Slovakia and Estonia in regard to job insecurity by looking at socio-demographic, job and organisational predictors and individual and social consequences based on ESS round five data. The secondary aim was to examine relationships between job insecurity and its predictors as well as job insecurity and its consequences. The analysis covered employed people with unlimited or limited contracts, working 40-50 hours per week, within the age range of 20-60. The results suggested significant differences in the predictors of job insecurity for Slovakia and Estonia. However, the individual, social and economic consequences of job insecurity were similar for both countries. This study contributes to an enhanced understanding of job insecurity predictors and consequences in the European region.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
Gauge-Higgs Unification Approach
Creators: name: Hosotani, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the extra dimensional space is not simply-connected, dynamics of the AB phase in the extra dimension can induce dynamical gauge symmetry breaking by the Hosotani mechanism. This opens up a new way of achieving unification of gauge forces. It leads to the gauge-Higgs unification. The Hosotani mechanism can be established nonperturbatively by lattice simulations, in which measurements of the Polyakov line give a clue.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Proceeding for GUT 2012, Kyoto, 15-17 March 2012. A few references added
Engaged and critical? The young generation’s political participation in EU countries
Creators: name: Kiisel, Maie
name: Leppik, Marianne
name: Seppel, Külliki
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: political participation; young people; duty citizenship; engaged citizenship; European Union

description: Within Europe, there is a clear difference in the strength of political activism between old and new member states. Taking Dalton’s differentiation between old and new types of participation, ‘duty’ and ‘engaged’ citizenship, as a point of departure, the article explores the major predictors for the new, network-based and horizontal political practices among young people. The article uses data from the 2006 and 2012 rounds of the European Social Survey to explore country and age group differences within the EU to seek out structural reasons for the trends in duty and engaged citizenship. The results show that duty citizenship is decreasing and engaged citizenship increasing, but the changes are small and not only among youth. Both types of political participation are related to strong evaluations of the performance of democracy. While there are significant differences in value orientations between adult engaged and duty citizens, these differences are less marked in the case of young people.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
Delving into E-Commerce Product Retrieval with Vision-Language Pre-training
Creators: name: Zheng, Xiaoyang
name: Lv, Fuyu
name: Wang, Zilong
name: Liu, Qingwen
name: Zeng, Xiaoyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: E-commerce search engines comprise a retrieval phase and a ranking phase, where the first one returns a candidate product set given user queries. Recently, vision-language pre-training, combining textual information with visual clues, has been popular in the application of retrieval tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel V+L pre-training method to solve the retrieval problem in Taobao Search. We design a visual pre-training task based on contrastive learning, outperforming common regression-based visual pre-training tasks. In addition, we adopt two negative sampling schemes, tailored for the large-scale retrieval task. Besides, we introduce the details of the online deployment of our proposed method in real-world situations. Extensive offline/online experiments demonstrate the superior performance of our method on the retrieval task. Our proposed method is employed as one retrieval channel of Taobao Search and serves hundreds of millions of users in real time.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted to SIRIP 2023
A tidally destructed massive planet as the progenitor of the two light planets around the sdB star KIC 05807616
Creators: name: Bear, Ealeal
name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose that the two newly detected Earth-size planets around the hot B subdwarf star KIC 05807616 are remnant of the tidally destructed metallic core of a massive planet. A single massive gas-giant planet was spiralling-in inside the envelope of the red giant branch star progenitor of the extreme horizontal branch (EHB) star KIC 05807616. The released gravitational energy unbound most of the stellar envelope, turning it into an EHB star. The massive planet reached the tidal destruction radius of ~Ro from the core, where the planet's gaseous envelope was tidally removed. In our scenario the metallic core of the massive planet was tidally destructed into several Earth-like bodies immediately after the gaseous envelope of the planet was removed. Two, and possibly more, Earth-size fragments survived at orbital separations of >Ro within the gaseous disk. The bodies interact with the disk and among themselves and migrated to reach orbits close to a 3:2 resonance. These observed planets can have a planetary magnetic field about ten times as strong as that of Earth. This strong magnetic field can substantially reduce the evaporation rate from the planets and explain their survivability against the strong UV radiation of the EHB star.
description: Submitted
Contextual Drivers of Environmental Values Cross-Culturally: Evidence from Europe Between 2004 and 2012
Creators: name: Orru, Kati
name: Lilleoja, Laur
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2015
Subjects: value change; environment; cross-cultural analysis; Europe

description: Environmental issues continue to grow in international prominence, owing to the importance of environ- mental conditions to human wellbeing globally. This paper focuses on why people’s values toward care for nature and environmental protection change — one of the antecedents to pro-environmental norms and behaviour. We aimed to clarify how individual and country-level contextual factors affect environmental values in Europe. Our cross-national study used data on individual environmental values from the 2004 and 2012 rounds of the European Social Survey, in combination with macro-level data on socio-economic security, countries’ environmental performance and educational levels. Country-level results revealed that throughout the studied years, nature held more importance to people in countries with increased levels of unemployment and exacerbated income disparities, including in transitional, post-socialist economies. Care for environment is less prominent in countries already performing well in terms of socio-economic and environmental performance, i.e. in states that may have higher resilience capacity towards adverse environmental impacts. Besides a state’s science education, which functions as an effective socialiser of caring for nature, practical experiences with adverse environmental impacts (e.g. health impairment) could be used to predict an increase in the mean value of the natural environment in a country.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 7, No 3 (2015)
Electrical tuning of robust layered antiferromagnetism in MXene monolayer
Creators: name: Yang, Xinyu
name: Ding, Ning
name: Chen, Jun
name: Wang, Ziwen
name: An, Ming
name: Dong, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A-type antiferromagnetism, with an in-plane ferromagnetic order and the interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling, owns inborn advantages for electrical manipulations but is naturally rare in real materials except in those artificial antiferromagnetic heterostructures. Here, a robust layered antiferromagnetism with a high Néel temperature is predicted in a MXene Cr$_2$CCl$_2$ monolayer, which provides an ideal platform as a magnetoelectric field effect transistor. Based on first-principles calculations, we demonstrate that an electric field can induce the band splitting between spin-up and spin-down channels. Although no net magnetization is generated, the inversion symmetry between the lower Cr layer and the upper Cr layer is broken via electronic cloud distortions. Moreover, this electric field can be replaced by a proximate ferroelectric layer for nonvolatility. The magneto-optic Kerr effect can be used to detect this magnetoelectricity, even if it is a collinear antiferromagnet with zero magnetization.