cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Adenomatous polyposis coli regulation of WNT signaling via retinoic acid and cycloxygenase-2
Creators: name: Eisinger, Annie Louise
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Acid Biosynthesis
Gene Regulaters

description: Genetic and pharmacological data support the conclusion that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is negatively regulated by the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and that the loss of APC function and subsequent dysregulation of COX-2 expression promotes turnorigenesis. APC is a negative regulator of ?-catenin and it has been hypothesized that upregulation of COX-2 following loss of APC function is a consequence of dysregulated expression of ?-catenin. These observations are challenged by recent studies suggesting that a product of COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), stimulates ?-catenin signaling. These important findings imply that PGE2 and COX-2 are upstream signaling molecules necessary for activation of the ?-catenin/TCF/LEF pathway. In this dissertation I provide evidence supporting the existence of a functional association between APC and COX-2 through a mechanism that involves retinoic acid.  The work presented here also demonstrates that PGE2 is a key determinant of ?-catenin stabilization when the function of APC is compromised. Using zebrafish as a model system 1 demonstrate that COX-2 is upregulated in APC mutant zebrafish owing to a deficiency in retinoic acid and that this does not depend on the ability of APC to control ?-catenin. Second, I present data showing that retinoic acid regulates COX-2 by controlling expression of the transcription factor C/EBP-?.  Third, I report that retinoic acid is a negative regulator of ?-catenin owing to its ability to suppress COX-2 expression and decrease PGE2 synthesis. My studies demonstrate that in wild-type zebrafish PGE2 stabilizes ?-catenin and that this stabilization is mediated by disassembly of the ?-catenin destruction complex. Conversely, inhibition of PGE2 production in APC mutant zebrafish restores the association between axin and ?-catenin.  Interestingly, I found that truncated APC can form functional complexes that result in ?-catenin degradation and that the stability of these entities is regulated by the levels of PGE2. The data I present support a sequence of events in which mutations in APC impair retinoic acid biosynthesis, cause elevated levels of C/EBP-P, upregulation of COX-2, PGE2 accumulation and activation of the ?-catenini/Wnt signaling pathway. The study has important implications for our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that participate in colon cancer progression.
Natural products from Vitex polygama and their antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory activity
Creators: name: de Jesus, Cristiane Catela Martins
name: de Araújo, Marlon Heggdorne
name: Simão, Thatiana Lopes Biá Ventura
name: Lasunskaia, Elena B.
name: Barth, Thiago
name: Muzitano, Michelle Frazão
name: Pinto, Shaft Corrêa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a worldwide public health threat because of the emergence of resistant strains and subsequent inappropriate response to current therapy. We have been studying the restinga plants’ antimycobacterial and anti-inflammatory potential. Dichloromethane fraction (DCM) from Vitex polygama Cham. showed high activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv. In this context, DCM fraction and isolated compounds were investigated against Mtb H37Rv and M299 (MDR strain) and for their immunomodulatory and cytotoxicity actions. Orientin showed the best antimycobacterial effect against Mtb M299 MDR strain (MIC50 15.4 ± 1.6 µg/mL), capacity of inhibiting NO production by macrophages (IC50 6.5 ± 1.2 µg/mL) and no significant cytotoxicity. The antimycobacterial effect of orientin was also observed on Mtb H37Rv intracellular growth in RAW 264.7 macrophages (MIC50 3.5 ± 1.1 and MIC90 9.1 ± 1.0 µg/mL). This is the first report describing the antimycobacterial effect of orientin, in both extra- and intracellular growth.
Anticheiroides generosus
Creators: name: Hielkema, Auke J.
name: Hielkema, Meindert A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Anticheiroides
Anticheiroides generosus

description: Anticheiroides generosus (Waterhouse, 1881)
Antichira generosa Waterhouse 1881: 541 (French Guiana)
Distribution. French Guiana: Waterhouse 1881: 541 (as Antichira generosa); Ohaus 1934: 148 (as Antichira generosa); Blackwelder 1944: 241 (as Antichira generosa); Machatschke 1972: 67 (as Anticheira generosa); Soula 1998: 67, 2003: 67, 2010a: 57 (as Antichiroides [sic] generosus).
description: Published as part of Hielkema, Auke J. & Hielkema, Meindert A., 2019, An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas, pp. 1-306 in Insecta Mundi 732 (732) on page 129, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3678492
title: Inequalities in child survival in a rural area of Senegal where malaria incidence has declined
Creators: name: Ba, EKC
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2020

description: Background: A sharp decline in under-5 mortality rates has been observed in Senegal, as in some other parts of Africa, over the last 15 years, associated most obviously with a reduction in malaria transmission that occurred in the same time period. The aim of this study was to analyze variations in under-5 mortality in order to better understand the reasons for the recent decline and the factors associated, and the extent of inequalities. Methods: Demographic surveillance was established in four health districts in central Senegal (Mbour, Bambey, Niakhar and Fatick) in 2008. A population of about 600,000 people in 725 villages served by 54 health posts was monitored until 2010. Data for 128788 children under 5 years of age have been included in the analyses. Random effects Poisson regression was used to assess risk factors for child mortality. Results: The leading causes of death were diarrhoea (26.6%), pneumonia (22.2%), and malaria (10.8%). Children living in more than 5km from a health facility had a 2.2-fold (95%CI 1.9, 2.6) higher risk of mortality than children living nearer to health facilities. Mortality rates were associated with the level of malaria transmission, an increase in the malaria incidence rate in children of 1 per 1,000 per year was associated with a mortality rate ratio of 1.04 (95%CI 1.02, 1.05). Children born to mothers under 16 years of age had a 1.6-fold increased risk of mortality (95%CI 1.1, 2.3) compared to children of older mothers. Conclusions: Under 5 mortality in Senegal decreased by 57% between 1990 and 2015, but national average figures conceal substantial inequalities. Higher rates of mortality are associated with areas of persisting malaria transmission, poverty, and poorer access to health care. Strategies targeting these communities are required to improve child survival and reduce inequalities.
Cost effectiveness of axicabtagene ciloleucel versus tisagenlecleucel for adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after two or more lines of systemic therapy in the United States
Creators: name: Liu, Rongzhe
name: Oluwole, Olalekan O.
name: Diakite, Ibrahim
name: Botteman, Marc F.
name: Snider, Julia Thornton
name: Locke, Frederick L.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: To assess from a US payer perspective the cost-effectiveness of the chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapies axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) to treat relapsed or refractory (r/r) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) following ≥2 systemic therapy lines. A three-state (i.e. pre-progression, post-progression, and death) partitioned survival model was used to estimate the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs for patients on each treatment over a lifetime horizon. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were based on a matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison (MAIC) that accounted for differences in trial population baseline characteristics. Mixture cure models (MCMs) were used to account for long-term survivors. Costs included drug acquisition and administration for the CAR T-cell therapies and conditioning chemotherapy, apheresis, CAR T-specific monitoring, transplant, hospitalization, adverse events, routine care, and terminal care. Health state utilities were derived from trial and published data. Sensitivity analyses included probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) and an analysis of extremes that assessed the results across a vast array of combinations of parametric OS and PFS curves across the two therapies. Compared to tisa-cel, axi-cel resulted in 2.31 QALYs gained and a cost reduction of $1,407 in the base case. In the PSA, the cost per QALY gained was ≤$31,500 in 95% of the 1,000 simulations. In the analysis of extremes, the cost per QALY gained was ≤$7,500 in 99% of the 1,296 combinations of MCMs and ≤$40,000 in 95% of the 1,296 combinations of standard models. In absence of head-to-head comparative data, we relied on a MAIC, which cannot account for all possible confounders. Moreover, some outcomes (i.e. transplantations, hospitalizations, adverse events (AEs)) were not adjusted in the MAIC. In this simulation, axi-cel was a superior treatment option as it is predicted to achieve better outcomes at lower or minimal incremental costs versus tisa-cel.
Brief an [Gottfried Kirch]
Creators: name: Schultz, Gottfried
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1688

description: von Gottfried Schultz
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Deutsch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire April 2016 HAN-Katalogisierungsregeln Vollständige Rekatalogisierung nach Standortverzeichnis und Briefkatalog
Anticheiroides jolyi Soula 2006
Creators: name: Hielkema, Auke J.
name: Hielkema, Meindert A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Anticheiroides
Anticheiroides jolyi

description: § Anticheiroides jolyi Soula, 2006
Anticheiroides jolyi Soula 2006: 153 (Venezuela (EO))
Distribution. Venezuela (EO): Soula 2006: 153 (EO).
description: Published as part of Hielkema, Auke J. & Hielkema, Meindert A., 2019, An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas, pp. 1-306 in Insecta Mundi 732 (732) on page 129, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3678492
Brief an [Gottfried Kirch]
Creators: name: Schultz, Gottfried
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1682

description: von Gottfried Schultz
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Deutsch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire April 2016 HAN-Katalogisierungsregeln Vollständige Rekatalogisierung nach Standortverzeichnis und Briefkatalog
description: Bl. 95: Kochański an Schultz, 3. Apr. 1682 (Auszug, lateinisch)
Mapping subglacial geomorphology and structure in a collisional orogen: an example from the Malaspina Glacier, Alaska
Creators: name: Cotton, Michelle Marie
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Alaska
Feature tracking
Glaciology
Malapsina Glacier
Saint Elias Mountians
Subglacial geomorphology
Subglacial structure
Collisional orogen

description: The Malaspina Glacier of Southern Alaska /Yukon Canada provides the opportunity to investigate the interaction between glaciers and tectonics, in an active orogen that is forming from the collision and accretion of the Yakutat Microplate in the Gulf of Alaska. Several large alpine glaciers coalesce on the piedmont of the Saint Elias Mountains to form the Malaspina Glacier. We use feature tracking by cross correlation of Landsat satellite images to map the velocity and strain rate fields on the surface of the Malaspina Glacier to explore how the structural geology at the bed of the glacier affects the dynamics and structure of the moving ice on the surface. Rates of flow in alpine areas are fast and ice can move 90+ m/month in the summer and on the piedmont ice can move over 100-300 m a year. Strain rates calculated from the velocity fields are on the order of 10^-9 / s on the surface of the glaciers. Strain rate maps reveal the nature of the stress field in the ice where it moves over topographic features at the bed of the glacier. The results bear directly on the origin of ice falls that originate at thrust faults on the limbs of large folds, the origin of fast glacier flow along fault zones where rheology at the bed of the glacier is presumably impacted by rapid erosion and development of weak water saturated till, the pattern of ice flow around the termination of a large strike slip fault, and the presence and extent of subglacial lakes and distributary channels that feed outburst flooding at the terminus of glaciers. The morphology and dynamics of the Malaspina piedmont lobes also provide insight into the strike slip component of motion along the Esker Creek Fault that was activated during an M 8.1 earthquake in 1899, as well as some control on the basal topography, and perhaps structural geology, where the Fairweather Transform Fault and Aleutian Megathrust are currently linking together beneath the Malaspina Glacier.
Chalcentis Burmeister 1844
Creators: name: Hielkema, Auke J.
name: Hielkema, Meindert A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Chalcentis

description: CHALCENTIS Burmeister, 1844
Chalcentis Burmeister 1844: 369
description: Published as part of Hielkema, Auke J. & Hielkema, Meindert A., 2019, An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas, pp. 1-306 in Insecta Mundi 732 (732) on page 129, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3678492
Role of platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase in megakaryocytes and yeast
Creators: name: Foulks, Jason Marc
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a synthesized inflammatory phospholipid that signals through a seven-transmembrane G-protein receptor. Oxidation of phospholipids with sn-2 unsaturated fatty acyl residues can fragment the esterified chain forming numerous phospholipids; some are toxic and others are PAF-like lipids which can signal through the PAF receptor. Group VII phospholipases (PAF acetylhydrolases, PAF-AH) are Ca++-independent esterases that specifically hydrolyze short sn-2 residues, including the acetyl residue of PAF. We have observed that megakaryocytes derived from human umbilical cord blood CD34+ stem cells have increased PAF-AH activity over differentiation. Inhibition of PAF-AH activity in megakaryocytes with Pefabloc SC led to increased formation of PAF-like lipids that signaled through endogenous PAF receptors. Transient morphology changes were observed in megakaryocytes treated with Pefabloc or carbamyl-PAF (cPAF), a stable form of PAR These data suggest that PAF-AHs are important for controlling aberrant PAF or PAF-like lipid formation in megakaryocytes, and that dysregulation could lead to altered pro-platelet formation or function. The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome contains a putative gene, SPBC106.11c, homologous to group VII hydrolases that retains a lipase motif and residues that form the esterase catalytic triad. An active PAF-AH enzyme in an organism that cannot generate PAF may instead protect against membrane oxidation and death. We cloned this SPBC106.11c locus and expressed it in distantly related Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which lacks genes related by sequence, to find it encodes a functional phospholipase we named Plg7p. Ala substitution of the conserved Ser257 in the GXSXG lipase motif and two serine-directed inhibitors of plasma PAF acetylhydrolase, Pefabloc and methyl arachidonyl fluorophosphonate, suppressed Plg7p activity. S. pombe ?plg7 had no overt phenotype, but revealed a second Ca++-independent phospholipase activity not inhibited by the Ser-directed reagents. S. cerevisiae supplemented with polyunsaturated fatty acids and exposed to environmental Cu+ resulted in oxidized membrane lipids, and reduced viability. Expression of human type II PAF acetylhydrolase or Plg7p enhanced viability in this model of oxidative death. We conclude an organism distantly related to mammals expresses a phospholipase that is able to reduce oxidative death, suggesting this is the original role of the group VII phospholipase family.
Brief an [Gottfried Kirch]
Creators: name: Schultz, Gottfried
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1684

description: von Gottfried Schultz
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Deutsch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire April 2016 HAN-Katalogisierungsregeln Vollständige Rekatalogisierung nach Standortverzeichnis und Briefkatalog
Phytochemical characterization, genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of Gautheria procumbens essential oil
Creators: name: Verdi, Camila Marina
name: Machado, Vanessa Schopf
name: Machado, Alencar Kolinsk
name: Klein, Bruna
name: Bonez, Pauline Cordenonsi
name: de Andrade, Eduardo Nascimento Correa
name: Rossi, Grazielle
name: Campos, Marli Matiko
name: Wagner, Roger
name: Sagrillo, Michele Rorato
name: Santos, Roberto Christ Vianna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study investigated the chemical constituents of Gaultheria procumbens essential oil and is the first to relate cytogenotoxicity with oxidative metabolism and antimicrobial activity. Chromatographic analysis of the essential oil showed methyl salicylate (99.96%) and linalool (0.04%) as the major compounds. The essential oil showed no signs of cytogenotoxicity at different concentrations (1.82 to 58.34 mg mL−1). Furthermore, G. procumbens essential oil and methyl salicylate were used to evaluate the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal microbicidal concentrations (MMC). The results showed efficacy against several microorganisms, including Aeromonas caviae, Candida albicans, and Mycobacterium fortuitum with MIC values ranging from 1.82 to 3.64 mg mL−1 and MMC values ranging from 3.64 to 12.67 mg mL−1, which were confirmed by time-kill kinetics. Based on our results, the essential oil is a promising alternative to developing future formulations to treat infections caused by microorganisms.
Chalcentis bonini Soula 2009
Creators: name: Hielkema, Auke J.
name: Hielkema, Meindert A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Chalcentis
Chalcentis bonini

description: Chalcentis bonini Soula, 2009
Chalcenthis [sic] bonini Soula 2009: 128 (French Guiana)
Distribution. French Guiana: Soula 2009: 128 (as Chalcenthis [sic] bonini), 2010a: 57 (as Chalcenthis [sic] bonini).
description: Published as part of Hielkema, Auke J. & Hielkema, Meindert A., 2019, An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas, pp. 1-306 in Insecta Mundi 732 (732) on page 129, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3678492
Taste breaking and the topological susceptibility in lattice quantum chromodynamics
Creators: name: Billeter, Brian
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Taste breaking
Lattice
QCD
Susceptibility
Topological susceptibility
Quantum chromodynamics

description: In the process of measuring the topological susceptibility, we test a currently popular computer algorithm that uses staggered fermions in the simulations of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) with dynamical quarks in a lattice environment. As staggered fermions are used in the simulations, an unwanted extra degree of freedom called "tastes" are present too. These tastes need to be removed and their effects corrected for. A way this effect has been corrected for is by taking the 'fourth root" of the fermion determinant. The fermion determinant is a crucial step in the numerical calculations used to model QCD. Taking the "fourth root" gives the correct weight to the fermion determinant and correctly counts the number of fermions to match the number in the continuum.
Asymptomatic oral yeast carriage among HIV and non-HIV individuals in Benin City, Nigeria.
Creators: name: Ifeoma Enweani
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Asymptomatic carriage of yeast especially Candida species is a common finding in HIV infected individuals. Howev-er, it has been shown that persistent asymptomatic carriage of Can-dida species is a possible risk factor for subsequent oral infection.Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the spectrum of oral yeast carriage among HIV and non-HIV individuals in a tertiary hospital and their susceptibility to fluconazole and voriconazole
Aphrodisiac and spermatogenic potential of alkaloidal fraction of Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer roots in male rats
Creators: name: Vyas, Niraj
name: Raval, Manan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Roots of Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.) Bojer are used as aphrodisiac and spermatogenic in the treatment of male infertility. The present studies included in vivo assessment of alkaloidal fraction in male rats on testosterone synthesis in leydig cells. Studies included oral administration of doses of alkaloidal fraction (10, 25 and 50 mg/kg) to rats. Results showed 100% and 146.7% increment in serum testosterone and serum cholesterol at 50 mg/kg dose level, respectively. At the same dose, 135.29% increase in mounting frequency and 357.14% increase in intromission frequency were also observed. Moreover, mount latency and intromission latency were reduced by 32% and 15.88%. Also, there was significant increase in the weight of testes, prostate, seminal vesicle and epididymis. There was 30.26% rise in sperm concentration in treated animals. We conclude that the alkaloidal fraction up-regulated testosterone biosynthesis in leydig cells and it could be responsible for the aphrodisiac and spermatogenic effect.
Using masculinity socialization to explain gay, bisexual, and heterosexual men's sexual self-schemas
Creators: name: Elder, William B.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2013
Subjects: Gender
Masculinity
Men
Sex
Sexuality
Sexual self-schema

description: This research describes the male sexual self-schema, or the way men conceptualize their sexual identity. The study uses as its basis Brooks' five-theme description of heterosexual male sexuality referred to as "The Centerfold Syndrome," namely, voyeurism, objectification, the need for validation, trophyism, and the fear of true intimacy. Self-schemas derive from past experience, affect current experiences, and facilitate the processing of sexual information. Using these concepts, this study addressed the question: how do men understand their own sexual self-schemas? Perspectives 20 gay, 20 bisexual men, and 20 heterosexual men were drawn together using a grounded theory methodology. In addition, 29 of the interviewees participated in three focus-group discussions to confirm the relevance of the evolving model with their experiences. These men discussed elements of relationships with men, relationships with women, and also attitudes about themselves that contribute to their ideas about sexuality. A detailed model emerged that depicted the behaviors and attitudes participants experienced as part of the male script. Additionally, men discussed the situations that caused them to consider reconstruction of these schemas. The resulting model may be used by clinicians to conceptualize men's presenting problems, as well as plan treatment that produces the most benefit and the least harm to male clients.
Brief an [Gottfried Kirch]
Creators: name: Schultz, Gottfried
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1690

description: von Gottfried Schultz
description: Öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel
description: Deutsch
description: Verzeichnung=Description=Inventaire April 2016 HAN-Katalogisierungsregeln Vollständige Rekatalogisierung nach Standortverzeichnis und Briefkatalog
Unzipping kinetics of duplex DNA containing lesions in a nanopore and its application in monitoring an enzyme reaction
Creators: name: Jin, Qian
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2013
Subjects: DNA lesions
Enzyme kinetics
Nanopore
Unzipping kinetics

description: The dissertation presents biophysical studies of duplex DNA during unzipping in a protein ion channel and its application in the fast readout of enzyme activity. Chapter 1 reviews a variety of approaches to enhance the resolution of nucleotide characterization using nanopore methodology, providing insights into future experimental design. This chapter also overviews the work carried out at University of Utah concerning the characterization of DNA damage using nanopore methods. Chapter 2 examines the unzipping kinetics of lesion-containing duplexes in the protein channel a-hemolysin (a-HL). The voltage-driven unzipping of individual duplex DNA molecules was investigated by pulling the tail of duplex into the a-HL and monitoring the temporal blockage to the ion flow through the channel. The unzipping occurs as a first-order reaction or sequential first-order reactions as determined from the time duration histograms of the blockages. Chapter 3 extends the unzipping studies of duplex to a larger pool of lesions. As a more destabilizing lesion is introduced into the duplex, the process of strand dissociation grows faster and evolves from a first-order reaction to two sequential first-order reactions. The kinetic stability of duplexes was interpreted in terms of the lesion-induced distortion of duplex backbone as the major factor and the number of hydrogen bonds in the modified base pair as the minor factor. Chapter 4 provides an application of duplex unzipping in the measurement of enzyme activity. Specifically, the conversion of uracil to an abasic site by uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) was monitored using ion-channel recordings based on the difference in blockage current. The single-nucleotide discrimination during UDG digestion was performed in the duplex context at the latch region of the a-HL. The data suggest that the protein latch is a new sensing zone in a-HL, specifically useful for duplex analysis.
Functional Analysis of Neural Precursor Cell Expressed Developmentally Down Regulated, Gene 4 Isoforms that Contain or Lack a Conserved Region 2 of Protein Kinase C Domain
Creators: name: Garrone, Nicholas Felix
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Protein Kinase C

description: A defining feature of NEDD4L protein isoforms is the presence or absence  of an amino-terminal C2 domain, a class of subcellular, calcium-dependent  targeting domains. We previously identified a common variant in human NEDD4L  that generates isoforms that contain or lack a C2 domain. To address the  potential functional significance of the NEDD4L common variant on NEDD4L  subcellular localization, NEDD4L isoforms that either contained or lacked a C2  domain were tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein, transfected into  Xenopus laevis kidney epithelial cells, and imaged by performing confocal  microscopy on live cells. We report that the presence or absence of this C2  domain exerts differential effects on the subcellular distribution of NEDD4L, the  ability of C2 containing and lacking NEDD4L isoforms to mobilize in response to  a calcium stimulus, and the intracellular transport of subunits of the NEDD4L  substrate, ENaC. Furthermore, the ability of the C2-containing isoform to  influence p-ENaC mobilization from intracellular pools involves the NEDD4L  active site for ubiquitination. We propose a model to account for the potential  impact of this common genetic variant on protein function at the cellular level.  Additionally, to test in vivo the functional relevance of NEDD4L isoforms  on sodium homeostasis and blood pressure we attempted to generate two gene targeted mice that would conditionally overexpress either NEDD4L isoform in the  distal nephron. However, only the C2-lacking mouse was successfully generated  so a comparative study between NEDD4L C2-containing and -lacking mice was  not performed.
Justice in health care: beyond the treatment/enhancement distinction
Creators: name: Ray, Keisha Shantel
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2013
Subjects: Equality - Health aspects
Medical policy - Social aspects

description: I contend that the treatment/enhancement distinction is inherently only able to provide limited aid to arguments in bioethics concerning ethically controversial issues of resource distribution. Rather, normative assumptions about concepts such as human functioning, normality, health, and/or disease that the treatment/enhancement distinction relies on are the primary ethical motivators in distributive justice arguments that consider some medical intervention to be treatment and some medical intervention to be enhancement. Therefore, if arguments are to use the treatment/enhancement distinction to draw conclusions about justice in health care, they must make additional normative assumptions about human functioning and the role of health care. These distributive justice arguments then rely on the additional normative assumptions about human functioning and the role of health care to draw conclusions about treatment and enhancement. Arguments using the treatment/enhancement distinction have not, however, acknowledged these additional normative assumptions. In this dissertation, I make the argument that the treatment/enhancement distinction is not an independent concept. Additionally, I examine ways to cohesively fit consideration for individuals who seek medical intervention for enhancement purposes into accounts of just health care. To do this, I examine arguments concerning growth hormone therapy, performance enhancing drugs, and cognitive enhancement.
A simplified model for understanding the evolution of Cirrus clouds
Creators: name: Schmidt, Clinton Todd
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Cirrus
Clouds
Mammatus
Microphysics
Thermodynamics

description: Developing an understanding of cloud evolution is central to understanding the climate system as a whole. Stratiform cirrus layers play a significant role in the radiative interaction with the climate system. Radiational effects are a driving force in the dynamic evolution  of these layers, particularly in determining the areal coverage, vertical distribution, and microphysical properties of the stratiform clouds. The deposition of energy by radiative flux divergence in a cloud layer provides potential energy to drive cloud evolution.  This work uses a large eddy simulation model (LESM) to investigate a number of parameters that can be used to easily predict how a cirrus cloud will evolve. This work also includes a study of the sensitivity of formation of mammatus-like features in clouds to the below cloud layer relative humidity.  Three distinct modes of cloud evolution were found to occur due to the radiative processes simulated in this study. These modes include isentropic adjustment, mixing, and evaporation/condensation. These modes of evolution were found to be independent of each  other in the sense that one mode did not always occur with either of the other two modes. Similarly, the modes of evolution did not always occur in isolation and were found to simultaneously occur in many cases. Two dimensionless numbers are derived in this work that provide a basic framework for understanding the modes of evolution that can be expected of an initial cloud. These dimensionless numbers are found to have strong predictive power for cloud evolution.  The simulations of several clouds produced mammatus-like structures forming at the base of the simulated clouds at the end of the model runs. These formations prompted further investigation of the processes that influence mammatus formation. The theory proposed by this work is that the mammatus cloud formation is a radiative process, mediated by the below cloud layer relative humidity. Several simulations were performed to test this theory. The analysis of these simulated clouds determined the varying degree of mammatus formation through a variety of methods. These analytical methods indicate that the below cloud layer relative humidity plays a substantial role in the formation of mammatus clouds by mediating the radiative energy from the warm surface that is available to the cloud.
Chlorota Burmeister 1844
Creators: name: Hielkema, Auke J.
name: Hielkema, Meindert A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Chlorota

description: CHLOROTA Burmeister, 1844
Chlorota Burmeister 1844: 359
description: Published as part of Hielkema, Auke J. & Hielkema, Meindert A., 2019, An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas, pp. 1-306 in Insecta Mundi 732 (732) on page 129, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3678492
Chemical constituents and anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil of Algerian Elaeoselinum thapsioides (desf.) maire
Creators: name: Smaili, Tahar
name: Bendif, Hamdi
name: Öztürk, Mehmet
name: Duru, Mehmet Emin
name: Flamini, Guido
name: Maggi, Filippo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Elaeoselinum thapsioides is an Algerian medicinal plant used in traditional medicine to treat different diseases. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Elaeoselinum thapsioides (Desf.) Maire (Apiaceae) growing wild in Algeria, was analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. Forty-five compounds were detected, accounting for 93.8% of the total oil, which was characterized by a high content of hydrocarbons derivatives of monoterpenes (75.9%). Myrcene (61.0%) was the principal constituent of the essential oil, followed by germacrene D (10.3%), α-pinene (6.5%) and β-pinene (2.9%). In vitro anticholinesterase activity of the essential oil was investigated by the Ellman method that evidenced a low acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory effect.
Cost effectiveness of axicabtagene ciloleucel versus tisagenlecleucel for adult patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after 2 or more lines of systemic therapy in the United States
Creators: name: Liu, Rongzhe
name: Oluwole, Olalekan O
name: Diakite, Ibrahim
name: Botteman, Marc F
name: Snider, Julia Thornton
name: Locke, Frederick L
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: To assess from a US payer perspective the cost-effectiveness of the chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T)-cell therapies axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel) and tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel) to treat relapsed or refractory (r/r) large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) following ≥2 systemic therapy lines. A 3-state (i.e., pre-progression, post-progression, death) partitioned survival model was used to estimate the quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and costs for patients on each treatment over a lifetime horizon. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were based on a matching-adjusted indirect treatment comparison (MAIC) that accounted for differences in trial population baseline characteristics. Mixture-cure models (MCMs) were used to account for long-term survivors. Costs included drug acquisition and administration for the CAR T-cell therapies and conditioning chemotherapy, apheresis, CAR T-specific monitoring, transplant, hospitalization, adverse events, routine care, and terminal care. Health state utilities were derived from trial and published data. Sensitivity analyses included probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSAs) and an analysis of extremes that assessed the results across a vast array of combinations of parametric OS and PFS curves across the 2 therapies. Compared to tisa-cel, axi-cel resulted in 2.31 QALYs gained and a cost reduction of $1,407 in the base case. In the PSA, the cost per QALY gained was ≤$31,500 in 95% of the 1,000 simulations. In the analysis of extremes, the cost per QALY gained was ≤$7,500 in 99% of the 1,296 combinations of MCMs and ≤$40,000 in 95% of the 1,296 combinations of standard models. In absence of head-to-head comparative data, we relied on a MAIC, which cannot account for all possible confounders. Moreover, some outcomes (i.e., transplantations, hospitalizations, AEs) were not adjusted in the MAIC. In this simulation, axi-cel was a superior treatment option as it is predicted to achieve better outcomes at lower or minimal incremental costs versus tisa-cel.
Regulation of Metabolic Reprogramming by MondoA and Thioredoxin Interacting Protein
Creators: name: Elgort, Marc Geoffrey
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2014
Subjects: Glycolysis
Metabolic Reprogamming
Thioredoxin Interacting protein

description: Cell proliferation requires increased nutrient uptake and metabolic activities that drive macromolecular synthesis to support cell growth. While unicellular organisms proliferate when nutrients like glucose are available, this is not the case in metazoans. As glucose and other essential nutrients are readily available to cells in the context of a multicellular organism, these cells actively regulate the uptake and utilization of nutrients through elaborate signaling networks. In addition to increased nutrient uptake, proliferating cells must also reorganize their metabolic activities from primarily ATP producing to biosynthetic and ATP producing to support the doubling of cellular genomic and macromolecular content to produce two viable daughter cells. To accomplish this, metabolic reprogramming from oxidative metabolism in the mitochondria to aerobic glycolysis - the Warburg effect - occurs within the cell. Aerobic glycolysis, typically observed in rapidly proliferating tumor cells, drives synthesis of macromolecules such as lipids, protein and nucleic acids, by diverting metabolites from both glycolysis and the TCA cycle into biosynthetic pathways while maintaining ATP production. Growth factor signaling pathways orchestrate this metabolic reprogramming by directly influencing glucose uptake and activating transcriptional networks, such as Myc and HIF, to upregulate glycolytic flux. Thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), a tumor suppressor and a direct and glucose-induced transcriptional target of MondoA, is a potent negative regulator of glucose uptake and glycolysis. Thus, TXNIP may inhibit cell growth and proliferation by restricting substrate availability for macromolecular synthesis. When quiescent cells are stimulated to proliferate TXNIP translation and MondoA-dependent iv TXNIP transcription are acutely downregulated in response to growth factor signaling. Ectopic MondoA and TXNIP expression restricts glucose uptake and utilization resulting in restricted cell growth and proliferation. Thus downregulation of these activities might act in cooperation with activities such as Myc upregulation to drive metabolic reprogramming in response to proliferative signals.
Chlorota aulica Burmeister 1844
Creators: name: Hielkema, Auke J.
name: Hielkema, Meindert A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Chlorota
Chlorota aulica

description: § Chlorota aulica Burmeister, 1844
Chlorota aulica Burmeister 1844: 364 (Brazil - LECTOTYPE)
= Chlorota metallica Burmeister 1844: 363 (French Guiana - LECTOTYPE) - Soula 2002a: 135 (syn. nov.)
Distribution. French Guiana: Burmeister 1844: 363 (as C. metallica); Soula 2002a: 135 (designation LECTOTYPE Chlorota metallica). “Guianas”: Ohaus 1934: 126 (as C. metallica); Blackwelder 1944: 239 (as C. metallica); Machatschke 1972: 56 (as C. metallica). Brazil: Burmeister 1844: 364; Ohaus 1934: 125; Blackwelder 1944: 239; Machatschke 1972: 55; Soula 2002a: 135 (designation LECTOTYPE Chlorota aulica), 2002b: 27.
Note 1. Soula (2002a: 135) gives Chlorota aulica priority over C. metallica because C. aulica is represented by two male specimens and C. metallica only by a female. In Soula (2005: 384) the priority is incorrectly switched because of “page priority.” The priority of C. aulica is restored in Hielkema (2017: 6).
Note 2. Chlorota metallica, now a synonym of C. aulica, is described from French Guiana by Burmeister (1844: 363). According to Soula (2010a: 58), the species has not been recorded from there again, but it is common in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. There are no reports from elsewhere in the research area. This means that the type locality French Guiana in Burmeister (1844) and the subsequent inclusion of the Guianas in the distribution of this species in Ohaus (1934: 126), Blackwelder (1944: 239), Machatschke (1972: 56) and Soula (2002a: 135) are likely the result of a mislabeled specimen. We regard this species as not occurring in the research area.
description: Published as part of Hielkema, Auke J. & Hielkema, Meindert A., 2019, An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas, pp. 1-306 in Insecta Mundi 732 (732) on pages 129-130, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3678492
title: Essays in unemployment insurance
Creators: name: Desbuquois, Alexandre
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: This thesis consists of three chapters. In the first chapter (Optimal Unemployment Insurance with Liquidity Provision), I exploit the joint provision, in many countries, of Unemployment Benefits (UB) and a Severance Package (SP) post redundancy to suggest a new and welfare enhancing organisation of Unemployment Insurance (UI). To do so, I use French administrative data and a combination of regression kink and discontinuity designs. While the SP and UB paid early in the unemployment spell should have roughly the same consumption smoothing value, I show that UB are a lot more distortive. All of my results point in the same direction and indicate that the SP would be a good substitute for UB paid early in the unemployment spell. As a consequence, the optimal UI organisation should be made of a SP at the onset of unemployment followed by a waiting period with no UB, and by the payment of UB in case of long-term unemployment. In the second chapter (Can Unemployment Insurance Reduce Job Stability?) I analyse the impact of a specific eligibility condition on unemployed individuals’ incentives to accept short-time contracts. The analysis relies on a reform in France that reduced the necessary number of days worked to open eligibility to UI from 122 to 30 days. By exploiting administrative data and a regression kink design strategy, I show that this reform made unemployed more likely to accept short-time contracts, and to repeat the unemployment experience after their end date. I estimate this increased likelihood to become unemployed again to generate an additional cost per unemployed of 500 to 700e. In the third chapter (There is Only One First Time: Behavioural Responses and Unemployment Experience) I explore the impact of one dimension of heterogeneity, namely unemployment experience, on unemployed individuals’ behavioural 4 response to UB. This paper leverages a key advantage of the MCVL, a Spanish administrative dataset: it tracks the full employment history of a 4% randomly selected sample, i.e. that it provides full details about every job held by these individuals since their very first employment contract. I then analyse, through a regression kink design strategy, a discontinuity in the UB schedule, and differentiate this approach as a function of individuals’ unemployment experience. Only individuals in their very first unemployment spell significantly respond to the exogenous change in the UB level. This finding is robust to a large set of validity checks and to multiple specifications.
Chlorota cerdani Soula 2002
Creators: name: Hielkema, Auke J.
name: Hielkema, Meindert A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Rutelidae
Chlorota
Chlorota cerdani

description: Chlorota cerdani Soula, 2002
Chlorota cerdani Soula 2002a: 145 (French Guiana)
Distribution. French Guiana: Soula 2002a: 145, 2002b: 32, 2010a: 57; Brûlé et al. 2014: 182.
description: Published as part of Hielkema, Auke J. & Hielkema, Meindert A., 2019, An annotated checklist of the Scarabaeoidea (Insecta: Coleoptera) of the Guianas, pp. 1-306 in Insecta Mundi 732 (732) on page 130, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3678492
Effect of isoproterenol on tyrosine hydroxylase activity in Mouse submaxillary glands.
Creators: name: Sasaki, Karen Yukari
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2012
Subjects: Enzymology
Mice
Salivary Glands

description: The activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the sub-maxillary glands was measured in mice treated with isoproterenol, a sympathomimetic amine which acts predominately on beta-receptors.  The purposes were to determine whether chronic injections of isoproterenol would affect the activity of this enzyme and to attempt to gain some information about the mechanism of its affect.  Chronic administration of the drug at dose of 100mg/kg (given once on day 0 and day 4 and twice on days, 1, 2, and 3) decreased the activity of tyrosine hydroxylase.  The drug also increased amylase activity and protein content.  Preliminary data indicate the isoproterenol decreases the Vmax of tyrosine hydroxylase and increases the Km for the pteridine cofactor.