cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Developing the best practices for research software registries and repositories
Creators: name: Morrell, Thomas
name: Allen, Alice
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: software registries

description: This talk, for the INCF Neuroinformatics Assembly 2021, discusses the Best Practices for Research Software Registries and Repositories" from the FORCE11 Software Citation Implementation Working Group Task Force. It outlines the development of the practices, a summary of each practice, and next steps. The full best practices are available in this preprint: A. Monteil, A. Gonzalez-Beltran, A. Ioannidis, A. Allen, A. Lee, A. Bandrowski, B. E. Wilson, B. Mecum, C. Fan Du, C. Robinson, D. Garijo, D. S. Katz, D. Long, G. Milliken, H. Ménager, J. Hausman, J. H. Spaaks, K. Fenlon, K. Vanderbilt, L. Hwang, L. Davis, M. Fenner, M. R. Crusoe, M. Hucka, M. Wu, N. Chue Hong, P. Teuben, S. Stall, S. Druskat, T. Carnevale, T. Morrell, "Nine Best Practices for Research Software Registries and Repositories: A Concise Guide," arXiv 2012.13117 [cs.DL], 2020.
A quantitative analysis of the conformational properties of colchicine important for its antimitotic and antitumor activity
Creators: name: Gift, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 3101
subject: Biochemistry and cell biology

description: Colchicine binds to tubulin, prevents the polymerization of microtubules, and inhibits cell division. Endogenous cellular molecules have been shown to react with this same binding site. Thus, a better understanding of the finding site may lead to the synthesis of drugs which could safely control cell division and cancer. It is known that isocolchicine is completely inactive as a mitotic inhibitor, so the binding site must be selective enough to distinguish between colchicine and isocolchicine. However, certain other molecules that do not appear to be structural analogs of colchicine bind to the site and inhibit microtubule polymerization. Since isocolchicine contains the same chemical functional groups as colchicine, its inactivity may be the result of more subtle, conformational differences. A Quantitative Conformational Analysis (QCA) of colchicine and isocolchicine was done using classical molecular mechanics and approximate molecular orbital theoretical techniques. Several steric and electronic differences between colchicine and isocolchicine are revealed. The most important difference with regard to tubulin binding is in the geometric relationship of three electronegative atoms. No energetically feasible conformation of isocolchicine can match any energetically feasible conformation of colchicine with respect to the triangle formed by the 1-methoxy, the acetamide and the keto oxygen moieties. The results of this conformational analysis also provide support for the hypothesis that tubulin binding requires a more planar conformation of colchicine than its "buckled" crystal form. Colchicine is predicted to be flexible enough to achieve planarity of its conjugated ring system and the energy difference between the planar and buckled conformations is calculated to be less than the colchicine-tubulin free energy of binding. The triangle formed by the 1-methoxy, the acetamide and the keto oxygen for this planar conformation of colchicine defines a "pharmacophore geometry" which is observed in other mitotic inhibitors such as podophyllotoxin and steganicin. This pharmacophore geometry, in combination with information from previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, helps to indirectly define the colchicine-tubulin binding site.
A quantitative analysis of the conformational properties of colchicine important for its antimitotic and antitumor activity
Creators: name: Gift, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Colchicine binds to tubulin, prevents the polymerization of microtubules, and inhibits cell division. Endogenous cellular molecules have been shown to react with this same binding site. Thus, a better understanding of the finding site may lead to the synthesis of drugs which could safely control cell division and cancer. It is known that isocolchicine is completely inactive as a mitotic inhibitor, so the binding site must be selective enough to distinguish between colchicine and isocolchicine. However, certain other molecules that do not appear to be structural analogs of colchicine bind to the site and inhibit microtubule polymerization. Since isocolchicine contains the same chemical functional groups as colchicine, its inactivity may be the result of more subtle, conformational differences. A Quantitative Conformational Analysis (QCA) of colchicine and isocolchicine was done using classical molecular mechanics and approximate molecular orbital theoretical techniques. Several steric and electronic differences between colchicine and isocolchicine are revealed. The most important difference with regard to tubulin binding is in the geometric relationship of three electronegative atoms. No energetically feasible conformation of isocolchicine can match any energetically feasible conformation of colchicine with respect to the triangle formed by the 1-methoxy, the acetamide and the keto oxygen moieties. The results of this conformational analysis also provide support for the hypothesis that tubulin binding requires a more planar conformation of colchicine than its "buckled" crystal form. Colchicine is predicted to be flexible enough to achieve planarity of its conjugated ring system and the energy difference between the planar and buckled conformations is calculated to be less than the colchicine-tubulin free energy of binding. The triangle formed by the 1-methoxy, the acetamide and the keto oxygen for this planar conformation of colchicine defines a "pharmacophore geometry" which is observed in other mitotic inhibitors such as podophyllotoxin and steganicin. This pharmacophore geometry, in combination with information from previous structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, helps to indirectly define the colchicine-tubulin binding site.
The effects of a structured group counseling program on the self-esteem of a sample of black juvenile delinquent males
Creators: name: Rice, Pamela Ann
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This two-group, experimental study examined the effects of a twelve-session structured group counseling program on the self-esteem, as assessed by the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, of black adjudicated delinquent males at the Arthur G. Murphy Youth Service Center, a nonresidential educational facility for delinquents in the Baltimore metropolitan area. One hypothesis was tested: The mean gain score (i.e., posttest minus pretest) on the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) for the experimental group of students who completed the Structured Group Counseling Program would be significantly higher than that for a control group of students who received attention but did not participate in the program. The Structured Group Counseling Program was designed to assist black juvenile delinquent males in improving their self-esteem. This program entailed group discussions concerning relationships with peers, family, teachers, etc. It also utilized group discussions and recorded tape presentations from the "Teens to the Top" tape series (1982). Four professional speakers who provided information on juvenile crime, reading skills, mathematics and consumer skills, and job readiness training were also utilized. These presentations were augmented by cassette recordings entitled "Today's Greatest Adventure: Succeeding One Day at a Time" (1972) and "I Got the Job!" (1977), a role-playing exercise, a problem-solving exercise, short-story exercise, and questions that were designed to enhance program participants' self-esteem. A one-tailed t-test at the.05 level of significance was to have been utilized to analyze the mean gain score differences between the two groups. Because the experimental group subjects' mean CSEI pretest score was significantly higher than that of the control group (t = 2.33, p $\le$.05), a post-hoc analysis of covariance at the.05 level of significance was used to establish the significance of the gain scores while controlling for pretest differences (F = 99.55, p $\le$.05). It would appear that an uncontrolled intergroup rivalry confounded the study. Significantly higher gain scores for the experimental group and positive comments from students, parents, and the personnel at the Arthur G. Murphy Youth Service Center suggest that the Structured Group Counseling Program may be effective in improving the self-esteem of adjudicated black delinquent males, although more research is needed to confirm these indications.
Stochastic dynamics of dissolving active particles
Creators: name: Chamolly, Alexander
name: Lauga, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design of artificial microswimmers has generated significant research interest in recent years, for promise in applications such as nanomotors and targeted drug-delivery. However, many current designs suffer from a common problem, namely the swimmers remain in the fluid indefinitely, posing risks of clogging and damage. Inspired by recently proposed experimental designs, we investigate mathematically the dynamics of degradable active particles. We develop and compare two distinct chemical models for the decay of a swimmer, taking into account the material composition and nature of the chemical or enzymatic reaction at its surface. These include a model for dissolution without a reaction, as well as models for a reacting swimmer studied in the limit of large and small Damköhler number. A new dimensionless parameter emerges that allows the classification of colloids into ballistic and diffusive type. Using this parameter, we perform an asymptotic analysis to derive expressions for colloid lifetimes and their total mean-squared displacement from release and validate these by numerical Monte Carlo simulations of the associated Langevin dynamics. Supported by general scaling relationships, our theoretical results provide new insight into the experimental applicability of a wide range of designs for degradable active colloids.
Construction of some families of 2-dimensional crystalline representations
Creators: name: Berger, Laurent
name: Li, Hanfeng
name: Zhu, Hui June
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F80, 11F33, 11F85, 14F30

description: We construct explicitly some analytic families of etale (phi,Gamma)-modules, which give rise to analytic families of 2-dimensional crystalline representations. As an application of our constructions, we verify some conjectures of Breuil on the reduction modulo p of those representations, and extend some results (of Deligne, Edixhoven, Fontaine and Serre) on the representations arising from modular forms.
description: 13 pages, english and french abstracts
The effects of a structured group counseling program on the self-esteem of a sample of black juvenile delinquent males
Creators: name: Rice, Pamela Ann
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: This two-group, experimental study examined the effects of a twelve-session structured group counseling program on the self-esteem, as assessed by the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, of black adjudicated delinquent males at the Arthur G. Murphy Youth Service Center, a nonresidential educational facility for delinquents in the Baltimore metropolitan area. One hypothesis was tested: The mean gain score (i.e., posttest minus pretest) on the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) for the experimental group of students who completed the Structured Group Counseling Program would be significantly higher than that for a control group of students who received attention but did not participate in the program. The Structured Group Counseling Program was designed to assist black juvenile delinquent males in improving their self-esteem. This program entailed group discussions concerning relationships with peers, family, teachers, etc. It also utilized group discussions and recorded tape presentations from the "Teens to the Top" tape series (1982). Four professional speakers who provided information on juvenile crime, reading skills, mathematics and consumer skills, and job readiness training were also utilized. These presentations were augmented by cassette recordings entitled "Today's Greatest Adventure: Succeeding One Day at a Time" (1972) and "I Got the Job!" (1977), a role-playing exercise, a problem-solving exercise, short-story exercise, and questions that were designed to enhance program participants' self-esteem. A one-tailed t-test at the.05 level of significance was to have been utilized to analyze the mean gain score differences between the two groups. Because the experimental group subjects' mean CSEI pretest score was significantly higher than that of the control group (t = 2.33, p $\le$.05), a post-hoc analysis of covariance at the.05 level of significance was used to establish the significance of the gain scores while controlling for pretest differences (F = 99.55, p $\le$.05). It would appear that an uncontrolled intergroup rivalry confounded the study. Significantly higher gain scores for the experimental group and positive comments from students, parents, and the personnel at the Arthur G. Murphy Youth Service Center suggest that the Structured Group Counseling Program may be effective in improving the self-esteem of adjudicated black delinquent males, although more research is needed to confirm these indications.
Extrapolated Proximal Subgradient Algorithms for Nonconvex and Nonsmooth Fractional Programs
Creators: name: Boţ, Radu Ioan
name: Dao, Minh N.
name: Li, Guoyin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider a broad class of nonsmooth and nonconvex fractional programs, where the numerator can be written as the sum of a continuously differentiable convex function whose gradient is Lipschitz continuous and a proper lower semicontinuous (possibly nonconvex) function, and the denominator is weakly convex over the constraint set. This model problem includes the composite optimization problems studied extensively lately, and encompasses many important modern fractional optimization problems arising from diverse areas such as the recently proposed scale invariant sparse signal reconstruction problem in signal processing. We propose a proximal subgradient algorithm with extrapolations for solving this optimization model and show that the iterated sequence generated by the algorithm is bounded and any of its limit points is a stationary point of the model problem. The choice of our extrapolation parameter is flexible and includes the popular extrapolation parameter adopted in the restarted Fast Iterative Shrinking-Threshold Algorithm (FISTA). By providing a unified analysis framework of descent methods, we establish the convergence of the full sequence under the assumption that a suitable merit function satisfies the Kurdyka--Łojasiewicz (KL) property. In particular, our algorithm exhibits linear convergence for the scale invariant sparse signal reconstruction problem and the Rayleigh quotient problem over spherical constraint. In the case where the denominator is the maximum of finitely many continuously differentiable weakly convex functions, we also propose an enhanced extrapolated proximal subgradient algorithm with guaranteed convergence to a stronger notion of stationary points of the model problem. Finally, we illustrate the proposed methods by both analytical and simulated numerical examples.
description: Revised version: Oct. 16, 2020
title: Children's Representation of Spatial Information
Creators: name: Beard, Rebecca L.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1982

description: The present study utilized a multi-dimensional approach to examine children's communication of spatial information. Sixty male and female elementary school children, ages 6-7, 9-10, and 11-12, learned a route through a pedestrian maze with four color-coded inter sections and animal photographs to serve as landmarks. After learning the route to a specified criterion level, the children were r equired to complete three remaining tasks: a verbal recall task, a nonverbal reconstruction task, and a route reversal task. For each task the children were asked to provide a reason for their directional choice at each intersection. Analyses indicated developmental differences in performance only for the maze learning task and the verbal recall task .Sex differences were found to be significant only in an interaction with age for the reconstruction task and with age and starting position for the maze learning task. An analysis of variance examining the design of the maze (i.e., errors per intersection) indicated that one intersection produced differences in performance depending upon starting position. Chi-square analyses of the verbal reasons for each directional choice indicated a primarily egocentric frame of reference in the youngest children and a more allocentric one in the middle and older children. Discussion focused on the cognitive demands associated with the spatial tasks employed and their influence on children's communication of spatial information.
The effect of magnesium complex ions on the corrosion behavior of magnesium
Creators: name: Wheeler, Nea Stacey
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3406
subject: Physical chemistry

description: Magnesium, a very useful structural metal, must be used with corrosion inhibitors in most circumstances because of its reactive nature. New inhibitors are needed to meet anticipated environmental regulations. A relatively quick and efficient method for determining the merits of potential corrosion inhibitors is required. Assessment of effects of inhibitors on the electrochemical kinetics of the corrosion reaction is also of importance. About 95 ligands, possible candidates for testing by virtue of the high stability constants of their magnesium complexes (K $\geq$ 10$\sp5$), are listed. From those ligands, fluoride, metavanadate, EDTA, DTPA, and Eriochrome Black T were chosen for testing. For comparison, dichromate, iodate, and molybdate anions were also studied. A one-hour immersion test in a 0.1 M NaCl solution adjusted to a pH of 4.00 was developed to rapidly assess the inhibitive effects of a range of concentrations for each compound. Percentage inhibition was determined from weight loss. An initial corrosion rate was determined by analyzing the solution concentration of magnesium as a function of time during the first 13 minutes of immersion. Corrosion rates determined by the two methods were compared. Weight-loss data for the non-chelating compounds, Na$\sb2$MoO$\sb4$ and glycine, paralleled the initial concentration data, although the actual corrosion rates differed. A rotating disk electrode study was made of magnesium in 0.1 M NaCl solutions with several of the ligands. Open-circuit potential was plotted versus the logarithm of corrosion current density (determined from the rotation speed via the Levitch equation). Corrosion rates determined by the rotating disk electrode study were approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the values determined from weight-loss and about 20 times less than values determined from magnesium solution-concentration data. Possible reasons for these discrepancies include: dissimilar Fe:Mn ratios in the three batches of magnesium; large differences between geometric and actual surface areas for weight-loss samples; and the presence of metallic magnesium in corrosion products of the weight-loss test.
Fibrillar templates and soft phases in systems with short-range dipolar and long-range interactions
Creators: name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
name: Reichhardt, C.
name: Bishop, A. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the thermal fluctuations of particles that have a short-range dipolar attraction and a long-range repulsion. In an inhomogeneous particle density region, or "soft phase," filamentary patterns appear which are destroyed only at very high temperatures. The filaments act as a fluctuating template for correlated percolation in which low-energy excitations can move through the stable pattern by local rearrangements. At intermediate temperatures, dynamically averaged checkerboard states appear. We discuss possible implications for cuprate superconducting and related materials.
description: 4 pages, 4 postscript figures. Discussion of implications for experiment and theory has been expanded
Report with description of the functionality of the knowledge database (D5.1)
Creators: name: Härmark, Linda
name: Niklson, Ida
name: Tcherny-Lessenot, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The purpose of this deliverable is to develop an EU centralised digital knowledge bank for up to date information on drug use before and during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and on the risks of untreated disease (in English), by combining information from different sources and providing common knowledge.
MPEC 2024-B37 : 2024 BN
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 BN

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Simulating the Spread of Epidemics in China on the Multi-layer Transportation Network: Beyond the Coronavirus in Wuhan
Creators: name: Li, Tianyi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Based on the SEIR model and the modeling of urban transportation networks, a general-purpose simulator for the spread of epidemics in Chinese cities is built. The Chinese public transportation system between over 340 prefectural-level cities is modeled as a multi-layer bi-partite network, with layers representing different means of transportation (airlines, railways, sail routes and buses), and nodes divided into two categories (central cities, peripheral cities). At each city, an open-system SEIR model tracks the local spread of the disease, with population in- and out-flow exchanging with the overlying transportation network. The model accounts for (1) different transmissivities of the epidemic on different transportation media, (2) the transit of inbound flow at cities, (3) cross-infection on public transportation vehicles due to path overlap, and the realistic considerations that (4) the infected population are not entering public transportation and (5) the recovered population are not subject to repeated infections. The model could be used to simulate the city-level spread in China (and potentially other countries) of an arbitrary epidemic, characterized by its basic reproduction number, incubation period, infection period and zoonotic force, originated from any Chinese prefectural-level city(s), during the period before effective government interventions are implemented. Flowmaps are input into the system to trigger inter-city dynamics, assuming different flow strength, determined from empirical observation, within/between the bi-partite divisions of nodes. The model is used to simulate the 2019 Coronavirus epidemic in Wuhan; it shows that the framework is robust and reliable, and simulated results match public city-level datasets to an extraordinary extent.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Low temperature breakdown of coherent tunneling in amorphous solids induced by the nuclear quadrupole interaction
Creators: name: Burin, A. L.
name: Polishchuk, I. Ya.
name: Fulde, P.
name: Sereda, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of the internal nuclear quadrupole interaction on quantum tunneling in complex multi-atomic two-level systems. Two distinct regimes of strong and weak interactions are found. The regimes depend on the relationship between a characteristic energy of the nuclear quadrupole interaction $λ_{\ast}$ and a bare tunneling coupling strength $Δ_{0}$. When $Δ_{0}>λ_{\ast}$, the internal interaction is negligible and tunneling remains coherent determined by $Δ_{0}$. When $Δ_{0}
description: To appear in the Physical Review B
The effect of magnesium complex ions on the corrosion behavior of magnesium
Creators: name: Wheeler, Nea Stacey
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Magnesium, a very useful structural metal, must be used with corrosion inhibitors in most circumstances because of its reactive nature. New inhibitors are needed to meet anticipated environmental regulations. A relatively quick and efficient method for determining the merits of potential corrosion inhibitors is required. Assessment of effects of inhibitors on the electrochemical kinetics of the corrosion reaction is also of importance. About 95 ligands, possible candidates for testing by virtue of the high stability constants of their magnesium complexes (K $\geq$ 10$\sp5$), are listed. From those ligands, fluoride, metavanadate, EDTA, DTPA, and Eriochrome Black T were chosen for testing. For comparison, dichromate, iodate, and molybdate anions were also studied. A one-hour immersion test in a 0.1 M NaCl solution adjusted to a pH of 4.00 was developed to rapidly assess the inhibitive effects of a range of concentrations for each compound. Percentage inhibition was determined from weight loss. An initial corrosion rate was determined by analyzing the solution concentration of magnesium as a function of time during the first 13 minutes of immersion. Corrosion rates determined by the two methods were compared. Weight-loss data for the non-chelating compounds, Na$\sb2$MoO$\sb4$ and glycine, paralleled the initial concentration data, although the actual corrosion rates differed. A rotating disk electrode study was made of magnesium in 0.1 M NaCl solutions with several of the ligands. Open-circuit potential was plotted versus the logarithm of corrosion current density (determined from the rotation speed via the Levitch equation). Corrosion rates determined by the rotating disk electrode study were approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the values determined from weight-loss and about 20 times less than values determined from magnesium solution-concentration data. Possible reasons for these discrepancies include: dissimilar Fe:Mn ratios in the three batches of magnesium; large differences between geometric and actual surface areas for weight-loss samples; and the presence of metallic magnesium in corrosion products of the weight-loss test.
Uncertainty in saving: Is the life cycle model correctly specified?
Creators: name: Eskew, Henry Lawrence
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The theoretical backdrop for this dissertation is Modigliani's life cycle hypothesis of saving. A central proposition of the life cycle model is that utility-maximizing individuals form consumption and saving plans around expected lifetime incomes. Another heretofore separate body of theory holds that such expectations are inherently uncertain, and owing to risk aversion on the part of the utility maximizers, current consumption will decrease--saving will increase--with an increase in the uncertainty of anticipated income. The research reported here is essentially an empirical investigation of the relationship between consumption, saving, and uncertainty. An uncertainty-explicit aggregate consumption function is developed through a series of steps. First, the relevant theory is cast in a life cycle framework. Then a micro-level consumption function, which includes an uncertainty variable, is derived through maximization of the individual's intertemporal utility function. Finally, the micro-level function is aggregated to obtain the model used for empirical estimation and testing. In general, each of two uncertainty variables--the variance and semivariance of aggregate income, calculated over the period of the distributed lag used in representing expected lifetime income--behaves as expected and proves statistically significant when the lags are set at fewer than five years. In the preferred specification, aggregate income is defined to include all contributions for social insurance. This definition is motivated by evidence reported in the literature that the accumulation of social security wealth displaces--possibly on a dollar-for-dollar basis--private saving and wealth accumulation. This research has two implications for economic policy. First, policy-based attempts to simultaneously increase the rate of private saving and stabilize income growth may be at cross purposes. Reducing income fluctuations may lower perceptions of the uncertainty of future income, thereby leading to higher consumption and lower saving. Second, if an uncertainty variable should be but is not included in models on which policy analyses are based, parameter estimates in those models will be biased. The magnitude and direction of such specification bias is examined here.
Quantum effects across dynamical horizons
Creators: name: Giavoni, Cecilia
name: Schneider, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generalization of the Hawking effect for dynamical trapping horizons by calculating the tunneling rate in the Hamilton-Jacobi formalism. It turns out that all horizons classified by Hayward are subjected to thermal quantum effects. While the Hawking effect for future outer and past inner trapping horizons is given as a particle emission, we show that the Hawking effect for future inner and past outer trapping horizons translates to an absorption. The universality of the treatment allows a natural transfer to the static case.
description: 24 pages, journal version
Early age temperature control in mass concrete through incorporation of dispersed Phase Change Materials (PCMs)
Creators: name: Kheradmand, Mohammad
name: Vicente, Romeu
name: Azenha, Miguel
name: Aguiar, José Luís Barroso De
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90599 Civil Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 90503 Construction Materials

description: There is a frequent need to take measures for temperature control in massive concrete structures, as to avoid thermal cracking risk at early ages (induced by temperature gradients inherent to hydration heat release). This research work has explored a procedure for temperature control through the incorporation of phase change materials (PCMs) in laboratory environment (mortar testing). Indeed, PCM’s have the potential to store and release heat energy during phase change from solid to liquid, or vice versa. By choosing a PCM with a melting range between casting temperature and the expected peak temperature, it is possible to attenuate the temperature rise rate in concrete through heat storage (the melting process is endothermic). This paper presents and discusses an experimental work focused on the thermo-physical properties and thermal performance analysis of mortar with direct incorporation of pristine PCM (with a melting temperature of 34oC and latent heat capacity of 240 J/g) in three volume fractions of 0, 10 and 20% in mixture compositions (volumetric percentage replacement with regard to sand particles), cast into partially insulated cubes with 320mm3 size. The thermal performance tests revealed the impact of the PCM in the thermal behavior of the cast element, by reducing the maximum peak temperatures in comparison with the reference case (without PCM). Mechanical tests were also performed and revealed that, as expected, their compressive and flexural strength are reduced. Nonetheless, the observed reduction might still be compatible with structural applications in specific contexts, even for the case of high PCM content incorporation (20%).
Neutrino Processes in Strong Magnetic Fields and Implications for Supernova Dynamics
Creators: name: Duan, Huaiyu
name: Qian, Yong-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The processes of neutrino (antineutrino) absorption and electron (positron) capture on nucleons provide the dominant mechanisms for heating and cooling the material between the protoneutron star and the stalled shock in a core-collapse supernova. Observations suggest that some neutron stars are born with magnetic fields of at least 10^15 G while theoretical considerations give an upper limit of 10^18 G for the protoneutron star magnetic fields. We calculate the rates for the above neutrino processes in strong magnetic fields of 10^16 G. We find that the main effect of such magnetic fields is to change the equations of state through the phase space of electron and positron, which differs from the classical case due to quantization of the motion of electron and positron perpendicular to the magnetic field. As a result, the cooling rate can be greatly reduced by magnetic fields of 10^16 G for typical conditions below the stalled shock and a nonuniform protoneutron star magnetic field (e.g., a dipole field) can introduce a large angular dependence of the cooling rate. In addition, strong magnetic fields always lead to an angle-dependent heating rate by polarizing the spin of nucleons. The implications of our results for the neutrino-driven supernova mechanism are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures. Some explanations are added in Version 2 in response to referee's criticism. A few references are added accordingly
Uncertainty in saving: Is the life cycle model correctly specified?
Creators: name: Eskew, Henry Lawrence
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 3803
subject: Economic theory

description: The theoretical backdrop for this dissertation is Modigliani's life cycle hypothesis of saving. A central proposition of the life cycle model is that utility-maximizing individuals form consumption and saving plans around expected lifetime incomes. Another heretofore separate body of theory holds that such expectations are inherently uncertain, and owing to risk aversion on the part of the utility maximizers, current consumption will decrease--saving will increase--with an increase in the uncertainty of anticipated income. The research reported here is essentially an empirical investigation of the relationship between consumption, saving, and uncertainty. An uncertainty-explicit aggregate consumption function is developed through a series of steps. First, the relevant theory is cast in a life cycle framework. Then a micro-level consumption function, which includes an uncertainty variable, is derived through maximization of the individual's intertemporal utility function. Finally, the micro-level function is aggregated to obtain the model used for empirical estimation and testing. In general, each of two uncertainty variables--the variance and semivariance of aggregate income, calculated over the period of the distributed lag used in representing expected lifetime income--behaves as expected and proves statistically significant when the lags are set at fewer than five years. In the preferred specification, aggregate income is defined to include all contributions for social insurance. This definition is motivated by evidence reported in the literature that the accumulation of social security wealth displaces--possibly on a dollar-for-dollar basis--private saving and wealth accumulation. This research has two implications for economic policy. First, policy-based attempts to simultaneously increase the rate of private saving and stabilize income growth may be at cross purposes. Reducing income fluctuations may lower perceptions of the uncertainty of future income, thereby leading to higher consumption and lower saving. Second, if an uncertainty variable should be but is not included in models on which policy analyses are based, parameter estimates in those models will be biased. The magnitude and direction of such specification bias is examined here.
Meson decay constants from Nf=2 clover fermions
Creators: name: Göckeler, M.
name: Horsley, R.
name: Pleiter, D.
name: Rakow, P. E. L.
name: Schierholz, G.
name: Schroers, W.
name: Stüben, H.
name: Zanotti, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent results for meson decay constants calculated on configurations with two flavours of O(a)-improved Wilson fermions. Non-perturbative renormalisation is applied and quark mass dependencies as well as finite volume and discretisation effects are investigated. In this work we also present a computation of the coupling of the light vector mesons to the tensor current using dynamical fermions.
description: 6 pages, contribution to Lattice2005(Hadron spectrum and quark masses)
Spin Wave Radiation by a Topological Charge Dipole
Creators: name: Diaz, Sebastian A.
name: Hirosawa, Tomoki
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Psaroudaki, Christina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of spin waves (SWs) as data carriers in spintronic and magnonic logic devices offers operation at low power consumption, free of Joule heating. Nevertheless, the controlled emission and propagation of SWs in magnetic materials remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose that skyrmion-antiskyrmion bilayers form topological charge dipoles and act as efficient sub-100 nm SW emitters when excited by in-plane ac magnetic fields. The propagating SWs have a preferred radiation direction, with clear dipole signatures in their radiation pattern, suggesting that the bilayer forms a SW antenna. Bilayers with the same topological charge radiate SWs with spiral and antispiral spatial profiles, enlarging the class of SW patterns. We demonstrate that the characteristics of the emitted SWs are linked to the topology of the source, allowing for full control of the SW features, including their amplitude, preferred direction of propagation, and wavelength.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
The relationship between reasons for hospital volunteering and certain status characteristics
Creators: name: Galbo, Denise Jean
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between reasons for volunteering given by samples of volunteers in selected metropolitan Washington, D.C. hospitals and five status characteristics (gender, age, employment status, family income and career development stage) as determined through the Volunteer Questionnaire, and to draw implications from the findings regarding the enhancement of recruitment and retention of hospital volunteers. Data were collected through the Volunteer Questionnaire, a self-report type instrument developed by the researcher. The instrument asks respondents to describe themselves according to eleven status characteristics and to indicate the reasons as well as the predominant orientation of the reasons that contributed to their decision to volunteer in a hospital. Four hundred sixty-eight persons provided data for this study during a two week period in October 1987. Five hypotheses were tested, each of which postulated a significant relationship between predominant orientation of reasons for volunteering and a specific status characteristic. Significance was determined at the.05 level. A significant relationship was found between the predominant orientation of reasons the study sample reported for volunteering to do hospital work and each of the status characteristics, age, employment and stage of career development. Persons older than 46 years reported volunteering for "Charitable" reasons (e.g., helping other people, repaying a kindness) more so than their younger counterparts. Part-time workers when compared with full-time workers, homemakers, students and retirees reported volunteering for "Career-related" reasons (e.g., exploring career options, making professional contacts) more frequently. In terms of Donald Super's stages of career development, those individuals who were "exploring career alternatives," "establishing careers" or "maintaining personal, professional, and community interests" reported volunteering for "Personal" reasons (e.g., to meet new people, avoid loneliness and receive recognition) more often than persons who were "approaching retirement or, already retired." Overall, the most frequently reported reasons for volunteering were "to do something useful" and "to be of service to others.". Findings of the study seem to support the conclusion that one's age, employment status and career development stage are predictive of one's reasons for volunteering for hospital work. Study findings suggest that hospital volunteer recruitment should be tailored with these status characteristics in mind.
Subsidies Versus Public Provision of Private Goods as Instruments for Redistribution
Creators: name: Boadway, Robin
name: Marchand, Maurice
name: Sato, Motohiro
name: Boadway, Robin
name: Marchand, Maurice
name: Sato, Motohiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: in-kind transfers
subject: subsidies
subject: optimal income tax

description: The literature on the use of dierential commodity taxessubsidies and that on quan tity controls to supplement income taxation have developed separately from each other The purpose of this paper is to combine these two strands in the standard framework of optimal nonlinear income taxation We start from a simple model in which there are two types of households the government has access to both subsidy policy and public provision of a good substitutable with leisure and households can supplement the publicly provided good from the market We present conditions when optimal policy should involve a mix of these two instruments alongside income taxa tion or only one of them We also consider alternative settings including the extension to many types of households and the inability of households to supplement inkind transfers
The relationship between reasons for hospital volunteering and certain status characteristics
Creators: name: Galbo, Denise Jean
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between reasons for volunteering given by samples of volunteers in selected metropolitan Washington, D.C. hospitals and five status characteristics (gender, age, employment status, family income and career development stage) as determined through the Volunteer Questionnaire, and to draw implications from the findings regarding the enhancement of recruitment and retention of hospital volunteers. Data were collected through the Volunteer Questionnaire, a self-report type instrument developed by the researcher. The instrument asks respondents to describe themselves according to eleven status characteristics and to indicate the reasons as well as the predominant orientation of the reasons that contributed to their decision to volunteer in a hospital. Four hundred sixty-eight persons provided data for this study during a two week period in October 1987. Five hypotheses were tested, each of which postulated a significant relationship between predominant orientation of reasons for volunteering and a specific status characteristic. Significance was determined at the.05 level. A significant relationship was found between the predominant orientation of reasons the study sample reported for volunteering to do hospital work and each of the status characteristics, age, employment and stage of career development. Persons older than 46 years reported volunteering for "Charitable" reasons (e.g., helping other people, repaying a kindness) more so than their younger counterparts. Part-time workers when compared with full-time workers, homemakers, students and retirees reported volunteering for "Career-related" reasons (e.g., exploring career options, making professional contacts) more frequently. In terms of Donald Super's stages of career development, those individuals who were "exploring career alternatives," "establishing careers" or "maintaining personal, professional, and community interests" reported volunteering for "Personal" reasons (e.g., to meet new people, avoid loneliness and receive recognition) more often than persons who were "approaching retirement or, already retired." Overall, the most frequently reported reasons for volunteering were "to do something useful" and "to be of service to others.". Findings of the study seem to support the conclusion that one's age, employment status and career development stage are predictive of one's reasons for volunteering for hospital work. Study findings suggest that hospital volunteer recruitment should be tailored with these status characteristics in mind.
Optical potentials, retarded Green's functions and nonorthogonality
Creators: name: Birse, Michael C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach is outline to constructing an optical potential that includes the effects of antisymmetry and target recoil. it is based on the retarded Green's function, which could make it a better starting point for applications to direct nuclear reactions, particularly when extended to coupled channels. Its form retains a simple connection to folding potentials, even in the presence of three-body forces.
description: 11 pages, revised introduction