cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reproduction of exact solutions of Lipkin model by nonlinear random-phase approximation
Creators: name: Terasaki, J.
name: Smetana, A.
name: Šimkovic, F.
name: Krivoruchenko, M. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the random-phase approximation (RPA) method with its nonlinear generalization, which was previously considered as approximation, reproduces the exact solutions of the Lipkin model. The nonlinear RPA is based on an equation nonlinear on eigenvectors and includes many-particle-many-hole components in the creation operator of the excited states. We demonstrate the exact character of solutions analytically for the particle number $N$ = 2 and, numerically, for $N$ = 20. This finding indicates that the nonlinear RPA is equivalent to the exact Schrödinger equation, which opens up new possibilities for realistic calculations in many-body problems.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Holographic spin networks from tensor network states
Creators: name: Singh, Sukhwinder
name: McMahon, Nathan A.
name: Brennen, Gavin K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the holographic correspondence of quantum gravity, a global onsite symmetry at the boundary generally translates to a local gauge symmetry in the bulk. We describe one way how the global boundary onsite symmetries can be gauged within the formalism of the multi-scale renormalization ansatz (MERA), in light of the ongoing discussion between tensor networks and holography. We describe how to "lift" the MERA representation of the ground state of a generic one dimensional (1D) local Hamiltonian, which has a global onsite symmetry, to a dual quantum state of a 2D "bulk" lattice on which the symmetry appears gauged. The 2D bulk state decomposes in terms of spin network states, which label a basis in the gauge-invariant sector of the bulk lattice. This decomposition is instrumental to obtain expectation values of gauge-invariant observables in the bulk, and also reveals that the bulk state is generally entangled between the gauge and the remaining ("gravitational") bulk degrees of freedom that are not fixed by the symmetry. We present numerical results for ground states of several 1D critical spin chains to illustrate that the bulk entanglement potentially depends on the central charge of the underlying conformal field theory. We also discuss the possibility of emergent topological order in the bulk using a simple example, and also of emergent symmetries in the non-gauge ("gravitational") sector in the bulk. More broadly, our holographic model translates the MERA, a tensor network state, to a superposition of spin network states, as they appear in lattice gauge theories in one higher dimension.
description: Main changes in the abstract and introduction. Minor changes in the rest of the paper. Also added the journal reference
Controlling the dimensionality of low-Rm MHD turbulence experimentally
Creators: name: Baker, Nathaniel T.
name: Pothérat, Alban
name: Davoust, Laurent
name: Debray, François
name: Klein, Rico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper introduces an experimental apparatus, which drives turbulence electrically in a liquid metal pervaded by a high magnetic field. Unlike past magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) setups involving a shallow confinement, the experiment presented here drives turbulence whose dimensionality can be set anywhere between three-dimensional and quasi two-dimensional. In particular, we show that the dimensionality and componentality of the turbulence thus generated are in fact completely fixed by the single parameter lz(li)/h, which quantifies the competition between the solenoidal component of the Lorentz force and inertia acting on a turbulent structure of the size of the forcing scale li. This parameter is fully tunable thanks to the three operating settings at hand: the injection scale, the intensity of the electric forcing and the magnitude of the magnetic field. Thanks to the very high number of measuring probes and fast acquisition rate implemented in this experiment, it is possible to reliably measure the finest features of the inertial range on a scale-wise basis.
CMB weak-lensing beyond the Born approximation: a numerical approach
Creators: name: Fabbian, Giulio
name: Calabrese, Matteo
name: Carbone, Carmelita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a complete study of the gravitational lensing effect beyond the Born approximation on the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies using a multiple-lens raytracing technique through cosmological N-body simulations of the DEMNUni suite. The impact of second order effects accounting for the non-linear evolution of large-scale structures is evaluated propagating for the first time the full CMB lensing jacobian together with the light rays trajectory. We carefully investigate the robustness of our approach against several numerical effects in the raytracing procedure and in the N-body simulation itself, and find no evidence of large contaminations. We discuss the impact of beyond-Born corrections on lensed CMB observables, and compare our results with recent analytical predictions that appeared in the literature, finding a good agreement, and extend these results to smaller angular scales. We measure the gravitationally-induced CMB polarization rotation that appears at second order, and compare this result with the latest analytical predictions. We then present the detection prospect of beyond-Born effects with the future CMB-S4 experiment. We show that corrections to the temperature power spectrum can be measured only if a good control of the extragalactic foregrounds is achieved. Conversely, the beyond-Born corrections on E and B-modes power spectra will be much more difficult to detect.
description: Updated results on convergence 1-point PDF higher-order moments. New comparison with analytical results on lensed CMB power spectra and new discussion and results on polarization rotation. Accepted for publication on JCAP
Nilpotent Lie algebras and systolic growth of nilmanifolds
Creators: name: Cornulier, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 17B30, Secondary 20F18, 20F69, 20E07, 22E25, 22E40, 53C23, 53C30

description: Introduced by Gromov in the nineties, the systolic growth of a Lie group gives the smallest possible covolume of a lattice with a given systole. In a simply connected nilpotent Lie group, this function has polynomial growth, but can grow faster than the volume growth. We express this systolic growth function in terms of discrete cocompact subrings of the Lie algebra, making it more practical to estimate. After providing some general upper bounds, we develop methods to provide nontrivial lower bounds. We provide the first computations of the asymptotics of the systolic growth of nilpotent groups for which this is not equivalent to the volume growth. In particular, we provide an example for which the degree of growth is not an integer; it has dimension 7. Finally, we gather some open questions.
description: 31 pages, no figure
Topological proofs of contextuality in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Okay, Cihan
name: Roberts, Sam
name: Bartlett, Stephen D.
name: Raussendorf, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a cohomological framework for contextuality of quantum mechanics that is suited to describing contextuality as a resource in measurement-based quantum computation. This framework applies to the parity proofs first discussed by Mermin, as well as a different type of contextuality proofs based on symmetry transformations. The topological arguments presented can be used in the state-dependent and the state-independent case.
description: 31 pages, v2: published version
Gauge covariances and nonlinear optical responses
Creators: name: Ventura, G. B.
name: Passos, D. J.
name: Santos, J. M. B. Lopes dos
name: Lopes, J. M. Viana Parente
name: Peres, N. M . R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formalism of the reduced density matrix is pursued in both length and velocity gauges of the perturbation to the crystal Hamiltonian. The covariant derivative is introduced as a convenient representation of the position operator. This allow us to write compact expressions for the reduced density matrix in any order of the perturbation which simplifies the calculations of nonlinear optical responses; as an example, we compute the first and third order contributions of the monolayer graphene. Expressions obtained in both gauges share the same formal structure, allowing a comparison of the effects of truncation to a finite set of bands. This truncation breaks the equivalence between the two approaches: its proper implementation can be done directly in the expressions derived in the length gauge, but require a revision of the equations of motion of the reduced density matrix in the velocity gauge.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Trapping and displacement of liquid collars and plugs in rough-walled tubes
Creators: name: Xu, Feng
name: Jensen, Oliver E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A liquid film wetting the interior of a long circular cylinder redistributes under the action of surface tension to form annular collars or occlusive plugs. These equilibrium structures are invariant under axial translation within a perfectly smooth uniform tube and therefore can be displaced axially by very weak external forcing. We consider how this degeneracy is disrupted when the tube wall is rough, and determine threshold conditions under which collars or plugs resist displacement under forcing. Wall roughness is modelled as a non-axisymmetric Gaussian random field of prescribed correlation length and small variance, mimicking some of the geometric irregularities inherent in applications such as lung airways. The thin film coating this surface is modelled using lubrication theory. When the roughness is weak, we show how the locations of equilibrium collars and plugs can be identified in terms of the azimuthally averaged tube radius; we derive conditions specifying equilibrium collar locations under an externally imposed shear flow, and plug locations under an imposed pressure gradient. We use these results to determine the probability of external forcing being sufficient to displace a collar or plug from a rough-walled tube, when the tube roughness is defined only in statistical terms.
Fluid photonic crystal from colloidal quantum dots
Creators: name: Mantsevich, Vladimir N.
name: Tarasenko, Sergey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study optical forces acting upon semiconductor quantum dots and the force driven motion of the dots in a colloid. In the spectral range of exciton transitions in uantum dots, when the photon energy is close to the exciton energy, the polarizability of the dots is drastically increased. It leads to a resonant increase of both the gradient and the scattering contributions to the optical force, which enables the efficient manipulation with the dots. We reveal that the optical grating of the colloid leads to the formation of a fluid photonic crystal with spatially periodic circulating fluxes and density of the dots. Pronounced resonant dielectric response of semiconductor quantum dots enables a separation of the quantum dots with different exciton frequencies.
description: 5 page, 3 figures
Two-dimensional superconductivity at the (111)LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface
Creators: name: Monteiro, A. M. R. V. L.
name: Groenendijk, D. J.
name: Groen, I.
name: de Bruijckere, J.
name: Gaudenzi, R.
name: van der Zant, H. S. J.
name: Caviglia, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery and transport study of the superconducting ground state present at the (111)LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interface. The superconducting transition is consistent with a Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition and its 2D nature is further corroborated by the anisotropy of the critical magnetic field, as calculated by Tinkham. The estimated superconducting layer thickness and coherence length are 10 nm and 60 nm, respectively. The results of this work provide a new platform to clarify the microscopic details of superconductivity at LaAlO$_3$/SrTiO$_3$ interfaces, in particular in what concerns the link with orbital symmetry.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Theoretical investigation of the magnetic dynamics in $α$-RuCl$_3$
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Dong, Zhao-Yang
name: Yu, Shun-Li
name: Li, Jian-Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin-wave excitations in $α$-RuCl$_3$ by the spin-wave theory. Starting from the five-orbital Hubbard model and the perturbation theory, we derive an effective isospin-$1/2$ model in the large Hubbard ($U$) limit. Based on the energy-band structure calculated from the first-principle method, we find that the effective model can be further reduced to the $K$-$Γ$ model containing a ferromagnetic nearest-neighbor (NN) Kitaev interaction ($K$) and a NN off-diagonal exchange interaction ($Γ$). With the spin-wave theory, we find that the $K$-$Γ$ model can give magnetic excitations which is consistent with the recent neutron scattering experiments.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Explanation of the 17 MeV Atomki Anomaly in a $U(1)^\prime$-Extended 2-Higgs Doublet Model
Creators: name: Rose, Luigi Delle
name: Khalil, Shaaban
name: Moretti, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by an anomaly observed in the decay of an excited state of Beryllium by the Atomki collaboration, we study an extension of the Standard Model with a gauged $U(1)'$ symmetry in presence of a 2-Higgs Doublet Model structure of the Higgs sector. We show that this scenario complies with a variety of experimental results and is able to explain the potential presence of a resonant spin-1 gauge boson, $Z'$, with a mass of 17 MeV in the Atomki experimental data, for appropriate choices of $U(1)'$ charges and Yukawa interactions.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, published version
A complete mean-field theory for dynamics of binary recurrent neural networks
Creators: name: Farkhooi, Farzad
name: Stannat, Wilhelm
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60H15

description: We develop a unified theory that encompasses the macroscopic dynamics of recurrent interactions of binary units within arbitrary network architectures. Using the martingale theory, our mathematical analysis provides a complete description of nonequilibrium fluctuations in networks with finite size and finite degree of interactions. Our approach allows the investigation of systems for which a deterministic mean-field theory breaks down. To demonstrate this, we uncover a novel dynamic state in which a recurrent network of binary units with statistically inhomogeneous interactions, along with an asynchronous behavior, also exhibits collective nontrivial stochastic fluctuations in the thermodynamical limit.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted (Physical Review Letters)
Powerful Solar Signatures of Long-Lived Dark Mediators
Creators: name: Leane, Rebecca K.
name: Ng, Kenny C. Y.
name: Beacom, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter capture and annihilation in the Sun can produce detectable high-energy neutrinos, providing a probe of the dark matter-proton scattering cross section. We consider the case when annihilation proceeds via long-lived dark mediators, which allows gamma rays to escape the Sun and reduces the attenuation of neutrinos. For gamma rays, there are exciting new opportunities, due to detailed measurements of GeV solar gamma rays with Fermi, and unprecedented sensitivities in the TeV range with HAWC and LHAASO. For neutrinos, the enhanced flux, particularly at higher energies ($\sim$TeV), allows a more sensitive dark matter search with IceCube and KM3NeT. We show that these search channels can be extremely powerful, potentially improving sensitivity to the dark matter spin-dependent scattering cross section by several orders of magnitude relative to present searches for high-energy solar neutrinos, as well as direct detection experiments.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, updated with recent HAWC sensitivity, matches version published in PRD
Arduino control of a pulsatile flow rig
Creators: name: Drost, Sita
name: de Kruif, Bastiaan J.
name: Newport, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This note describes the design and testing of a programmable pulsatile flow pump using an Arduino micro-controller. The goal of this work is to build a compact and affordable system that can relatively easily be programmed to generate physiological waveforms. The system described here was designed to be used in an in-vitro set-up for vascular access hemodynamics research, and hence incorporates a gear pump that can deliver up to 1.5 l/min in a test flow loop. After a number of simple identification experiments to assess the dynamic behaviour of the system, a feed-forward control routine was implemented. The resulting system was shown to be able to produce the targeted patient-specific waveform with less than 3.6% error. Finally, we outline how to further increase the accuracy of the system, and how to adapt it to specific user needs.
description: Source code included (Matlab and Arduino) Revision 1
Reports on Dissemination and Communication
Creators: name: Cerrato, Simona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Reports on Dissemination and Communication summarise the original dissemination and communication strategy of SEEDS and present the key messages, target audiences and tools. These include an overview of the online presence of SEEDS on Twitter and the activity on the website. Also, three campaigns were carried out for three different audiences: teachers and educators, social workers and health professionals and teens. The final exchange meeting held in Leuven near Brussels on October 18, 2022, is presented at length in the reports. The list of events and conferences where SEEDS was presented and represented is also available here. SEEDS has also produced relevant scientific results that have been published or are being published in international journals.
On the Mod-2 Cohomology of SL 3 (z[ 1 2 , i])
Creators: name: Henn, Hans-Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $Γ$ = SL 3 (Z[ 1 2 , i]), let X be any mod-2 acyclic $Γ$-CW complex on which $Γ$ acts with finite stabilizers and let Xs be the 2-singular locus of X. We calculate the mod-2 cohomology of the Borel constructon of Xs with respect to the action of $Γ$. This cohomology coincides with the mod-2 cohomology of $Γ$ in cohomological degrees bigger than 8 and the result is compatible with a conjecture of Quillen which predicts the strucure of the cohomology ring H * ($Γ$; Z/2).
Search for the QCD Critical Point with Fluctuations of Conserved Quantities in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions at RHIC : An Overview
Creators: name: Luo, Xiaofeng
name: Xu, Nu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as baryon, electric charge and strangeness number, are sensitive observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions to probe the QCD phase transition and search for the QCD critical point. In this paper, we review the experimental measurements of the cumulants (up to fourth order) of event-by-event net-proton (proxy for net-baryon), net-charge and net-kaon (proxy for net-strangeness) multiplicity distributions in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 62.4, 200$ GeV from the first phase of beam energy scan program at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). We also summarize the data analysis methods of suppressing the volume fluctuations, auto-correlations and the unified description of efficiency correction and error estimation. Based on theoretical and model calculations, we will discuss the characteristic signatures of critical point as well as backgrounds for the fluctuation observables in heavy-ion collisions. The physics implications and the future second phase of the beam energy scan (2019-2020) at RHIC will be also discussed.
description: 42 pages, 40 figures, Invited Review for Nuclear Science and Techniques
The quadratic M-convexity testing problem
Creators: name: Iwamasa, Yuni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: M-convex functions, which are a generalization of valuated matroids, play a central role in discrete convex analysis. Quadratic M-convex functions constitute a basic and important subclass of M-convex functions, which has a close relationship with phylogenetics as well as valued constraint satisfaction problems. In this paper, we consider the quadratic M-convexity testing problem (QMCTP), which is the problem of deciding whether a given quadratic function on $\{0,1\}^n$ is M-convex. We show that QMCTP is co-NP-complete in general, but is polynomial-time solvable under a natural assumption. Furthermore, we propose an $O(n^2)$-time algorithm for solving QMCTP in the polynomial-time solvable case.
description: 13 pages
Optimal control of non-Markovian dynamics in a single-mode cavity strongly coupled to an inhomogeneously broadened spin ensemble
Creators: name: Krimer, Dmitry O.
name: Hartl, Benedikt
name: Mintert, Florian
name: Rotter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ensembles of quantum mechanical spins offer a promising platform for quantum memories, but proper functionality requires accurate control of unavoidable system imperfections. We present an efficient control scheme for a spin ensemble strongly coupled to a single-mode cavity based on a set of Volterra equations relying solely on weak classical control pulses. The viability of our approach is demonstrated in terms of explicit storage and readout sequences that will serve as a starting point towards the realization of more demanding full quantum mechanical optimal control schemes.
description: 10 pagers, 5 figures
Engaging non-science students in Citizen Science projects
Creators: name: DeJaco, Carrie
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2022

description: I created this project for students in my non-majors biology class in 2016 with the following objectives: 1) to show them some of the sorts of projects scientists conduct 2) to introduce them to the concept of “citizen science” and the idea that any “Joe Schmoe” could contribute to the vast accumulation of scientific knowledge 3) to make them feel involved in the world of science in a way that would, hopefully, be interesting to them
Looking in and Breaking Out: How a Political Outsider Utilized and Adapted Traditional Political Thought
Creators: name: Wladis, Aaron
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Eugene Debs
subject: Socialism
subject: Liberalism
subject: Labor Politics
subject: Samuel Gompers
subject: William Jennings Bryan
subject: Theodore Roosevelt
subject: Woodrow Wilson

description: This thesis seeks to explore the question of how a political leader from outside the American tradition of political thought, in this case Eugene Victor Debs, adapts, incorporates, and resists that tradition for his political objectives. There is a rich, and very detailed, tapestry which makes up both American political theory and its history. This thesis seeks to explore the ways in which Debs may be more a part of this tapestry than generally thought, and therefore possibly expand the way that politics is conceived of in the United States.
Periodic Airy process and equilibrium dynamics of edge fermions in a trap
Creators: name: Doussal, Pierre Le
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Schehr, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish an exact mapping between (i) the equilibrium (imaginary time) dynamics of non-interacting fermions trapped in a harmonic potential at temperature $T=1/β$ and (ii) non-intersecting Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) particles constrained to return to their initial positions after time $β$. Exploiting the determinantal structure of the process we compute the universal correlation functions both in the bulk and at the edge of the trapped Fermi gas. The latter corresponds to the top path of the non-intersecting OU particles, and leads us to introduce and study the time-periodic Airy$_2$ process, ${\cal A}^b_2(u)$, depending on a single parameter, the period $b$. The standard Airy$_2$ process is recovered for $b=+\infty$. We discuss applications of our results to the real time quantum dynamics of trapped fermions.
description: 33 pages, 4 figures. The introduction slightly rewritten (and different from the published version in the journal) and misprints corrected
Elliptic hypergeometric sum/integral transformations and supersymmetric lens index
Creators: name: Kels, Andrew P.
name: Yamazaki, Masahito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a pair of transformation formulas for multivariate elliptic hypergeometric sum/integrals associated to the $A_n$ and $BC_n$ root systems, generalising the formulas previously obtained by Rains. The sum/integrals are expressed in terms of the lens elliptic gamma function, a generalisation of the elliptic gamma function that depends on an additional integer variable, as well as a complex variable and two elliptic nomes. As an application of our results, we prove an equality between $S^1\times S^3/\mathbb{Z}_r$ supersymmetric indices, for a pair of four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric gauge theories related by Seiberg duality, with gauge groups $SU(n+1)$ and $Sp(2n)$. This provides one of the most elaborate checks of the Seiberg duality known to date. As another application of the $A_n$ integral, we prove a star-star relation for a two-dimensional integrable lattice model of statistical mechanics, previously given by the second author.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures; v2: published version
Dynamical relaxation in 2HDM models
Creators: name: Lalak, Zygmunt
name: Markiewicz, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical relaxation provides an interesting solution to the hierarchy problem in face of the missing signatures of any new physics in recent experiments. Through a dynamical process taking place in the inflationary phase of the universe it manages to achieve a small electroweak scale without introducing new states observable in current experiments. Appropriate approximation makes it possible to derive an explicit formula for the final vevs in the double-scanning scenario extended to the two Higgs doublet models (2HDM). Analysis of the relaxation in 2HDM indicates, that in a general case it is impossible to keep vevs of both scalars small, unless fine-tuning is present or additional symmetries are cast upon the Lagrangian. Within the slightly constrained variant of 2HDM, where odd powers of the fields' expectation values are not present (which can be easily enforced by requiring that the doublets have different gauge transformations or by imposing a global symmetry) it is shown that the the difference between the vevs of two scalars tends to be proportional to the cutoff. The analysis of the relaxation in 2HDM indicates, that in a~general case the relaxation would be stopped by the first doublet that gains a vev, with the other one remaining vevless with a mass of the order of the cutoff. This happens to conform with the inert doublet model.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, clarified condition under which the additional doublet becomes significant
Unconventional quantum Hall effects in two-dimensional massive spin-1 fermion systems
Creators: name: Xu, Yong
name: Duan, L. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unconventional fermions with high degeneracies in three dimensions beyond Weyl and Dirac fermions have sparked tremendous interest in condensed matter physics. Here, we study quantum Hall effects (QHEs) in a two-dimensional (2D) unconventional fermion system with a pair of gapped spin-1 fermions. We find that the original unlimited number of zero energy Landau levels (LLs) in the gapless case develop into a series of bands, leading to a novel QHE phenomenon that the Hall conductance first decreases (or increases) to zero and then revives as an infinite ladder of fine staircase when the Fermi surface is moved toward zero energy, and it suddenly reverses with its sign being flipped due to a Van Hove singularity when the Fermi surface is moved across zero. We further investigate the peculiar QHEs in a dice model with a pair of spin-1 fermions, which agree well with the results of the continuous model.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, references updated, typos corrected and manuscript thoroughly revised
General Cropland Retirement: Analysis of Four Alternatives
Creators: name: Zepp, Glenn A.
name: Sharples, Jerry A.
name: Zepp, Glenn A.
name: Sharples, Jerry A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1971
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use
Public Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the Introduction: This study attempts to evaluate several general cropland retirement proposals as possible programs for U.S. agriculture. It is a sequel to a 1968 study of general cropland retirement. Only the short-run regional and national implications of the proposals are examined. The study is not an equilibrium analysis. Demand for farm products is not considered; product prices are included as farmers' expectations. The analysis simulates a first-year response to a general cropland retirement program. No corrections are made of any disequilibrium in the product market caused by the first year's land retirement. In the first major section of this report, proposed general cropland retirement programs retiring part-farm units are considered. The second major section discusses proposed programs retiring whole farms. In the third, study results are compared with actual results of the 1969 feed grain and wheat diversion program and the 1956 conservation reserve program, and with results from other studies of general cropland retirement. Both sections 1 and 2 report estimates of land retirement patterns, Government costs, and production adjustments for proposed cropland retirement programs based on two retirement criteria.
Damped Posterior Linearization Filter
Creators: name: Raitoharju, Matti
name: Svensson, Lennart
name: García-Fernández, Ángel F.
name: Piché, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The iterated posterior linearization filter (IPLF) is an algorithm for Bayesian state estimation that performs the measurement update using iterative statistical regression. The main result behind IPLF is that the posterior approximation is more accurate when the statistical regression of measurement function is done in the posterior instead of the prior as is done in non-iterative Kalman filter extensions. In IPLF, each iteration in principle gives a better posterior estimate to obtain a better statistical regression and more accurate posterior estimate in the next iteration. However, IPLF may diverge. IPLF's fixed- points are not described as solutions to an optimization problem, which makes it challenging to improve its convergence properties. In this letter, we introduce a double-loop version of IPLF, where the inner loop computes the posterior mean using an optimization algorithm. Simulation results are presented to show that the proposed algorithm has better convergence than IPLF and its accuracy is similar to or better than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
Diophantine approximation by special primes
Creators: name: Dimitrov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that whenever $δ>0$, $η$ is real and constants $λ_i$ satisfy some necessary conditions, there are infinitely many prime triples $p_1,\, p_2,\, p_3$ satisfying the inequality $|λ_1p_1 + λ_2p_2 + λ_3p_3+η|
The closer the better? Theoretical assessment of the impact of catalytic site separation for bifunctional core–shell catalyst particles
Creators: name: Brösigke, Georg
name: Repke, Jens-Uwe
name: Schomäcker, Reinhard
name: Matera, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: core–shell particles
subject: tandem catalysis
subject: reduced modeling
subject: active site distance
subject: mass transfer

description: One-pot heterogeneous catalysis with different active centers offers great potential for increasing yield and selectivity. In this field, the distance between the different catalytically active centers starts playing a role and its influence as well as its control is an open question. Here, porous core–shell particles provide the opportunity to control the distance on a mesoscopic scale, where the centers are placed on different shells and are separated by an inert porous matrix. We present a continuum-mechanical model of such particles and exploit symmetry to arrive at a computationally efficient reduced model. Using methanol synthesis from CO on the first kind of center followed by a dimethylether synthesis on a second kind of center as an example, we investigate the influence of the distance between these two centers. In particular, we consider three simple backcoupling mechanisms and address the question whether it is best to place the centers as close as possible or at a non-zero optimal distance. We find that this question cannot a priori be answered but the answer depends largely on the employed backcoupling mechanism.
Relic gravitational waves from Quintessential Inflation
Creators: name: Ahmad, Safia
name: Myrzakulov, R.
name: Sami, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study relic gravitational waves in the paradigm of quintessential inflation. In this framework, irrespective of the underlying model, inflation is followed by the kinetic regime. Thereafter, the field energy density remains sub-dominant before the onset of acceleration. We carry out model independent analysis to obtain the temperature at the end of inflation and the estimate for upper bound on the Hubble parameter to circumvent the problem due to relic gravitational waves. In this process, we used Planck 2015 data to constrain the inflationary phase. We demonstrate that the required temperature can be produced by the mechanism of instant preheating. The generic feature of the scenario includes the presence of kinetic regime after inflation which results into blue spectrum of gravitational wave background at high frequencies. We discuss the prospects of detection of relic gravitational wave background in the advanced LIGO and LISA space-born gravitational wave missions. Finally we consider a concrete model to realize the paradigm of quintessential inflation and show that inflationary as well as post-inflationary evolution can successfully be described by the inflaton potential, $V(ϕ) \propto Exp(-λϕ^n/\Mpl^n)(n>1)$, by suitably constraining the parameters of the model.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, major changes, results strengthened in model independent form, to appear in PRD
Realistic agent-based simulation of infection dynamics and percolation
Creators: name: Nagel, Kai
name: Rakow, Christian
name: Müller, Sebastian A.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: simulation
subject: mobility
subject: epidemiology
subject: COVID-19
subject: percolation

description: We present an agent-based epidemiological model that is based on an agent-based model for traffic and mobility. The model consists of individual agents that follow individual daily activity plans, which include, for each activity, locations, start times, and end times. Evidently, one can place a virus spreading dynamic on top of this, by infecting one or more agents, and then track the resulting virus dynamics through the model. Normally, the model is used to investigate non-pharmaceutical interventions. In the present paper, we undertake steps to better understand the infection graph. It becomes clear that the typical infection graph representation that connects individual people is an even more expensive representation than our original, already expensive data-driven mobility model. We then undertake first steps towards analyzing the model with respect to a possible percolation transition.
Asymmetric Dark Matter in Extended Exo-Higgs Scenarios
Creators: name: Davoudiasl, Hooman
name: Giardino, Pier Paolo
name: Zhang, Cen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exo-Higgs model can accommodate a successful baryogenesis mechanism that closely mirrors electroweak baryogenesis in the Standard Model, but avoids its shortcomings. We extend the exo-Higgs model by the addition of a singlet complex scalar $χ$. In our model, $χ$ can be a viable asymmetric dark matter (ADM) candidate. We predict the mass of the ADM particle to be $m_χ\approx1.3\, \textrm{GeV}$. The leptophilic couplings of $χ$ can provide for efficient annihilation of the ADM pairs. We also discuss the LHC signals of our scenario, and in particular the production and decays of exo-leptons which would lead to "lepton pair plus missing energy" final states. Our model typically predicts potentially detectable gravitational waves originating from the assumed strong first order phase transition at a temperature of $\sim$ TeV. If the model is further extended to include new heavy vector-like fermions, {\it e.g.} from an ultraviolet extension, $χ$ couplings could explain the $\sim 3.5σ$ muon $g-2$ anomaly.
description: 5 pages; V2: an error in the estimated contribution to muon g-2 corrected, an extension where the g-2 anomaly can be explained provided, title and abstract modified to reflect the changes in the text; V3: Journal version
Comparing Burnout between Graduate-Level and Professional Clinicians: Omicron Subvariant Stage
Creators: name: Malvika Narayan
name: Warlick, Craig
name: Armstrong, Abigail
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: The aim of this study is to compare graduate-level clinicians' and licensed clinicians' levels of burnout in the Omicron subvariant stage of the pandemic.
Counting fundamental solutions to the Pell equation with prescribed size
Creators: name: Xi, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The cardinality of the set of $D\leqslant x$ for which the fundamental solution of the Pell equation $t^2-Du^2=1$ is less than $D^{\frac{1}{2}+α}$ with $α\in[\frac{1}{2},1]$ is studied and certain lower bounds are obtained, improving previous results of Fouvry by introducing the $q$-analogue of van der Corput method to algebraic exponential sums with smooth moduli.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure. To appear in Compositio Mathematica
On stellar-mass black hole mergers in AGN disks detectable with LIGO
Creators: name: McKernan, B.
name: Ford, K. E. S.
name: Bellovary, J.
name: Leigh, N. W. C.
name: Haiman, Z.
name: Kocsis, B.
name: Lyra, W.
name: MacLow, M. -M.
name: Metzger, B.
name: O'Dowd, M.
name: Endlich, S.
name: Rosen, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Black hole mergers detectable with LIGO can occur in active galactic nucleus (AGN) disks. Here we parameterize the merger rates, the mass spectrum and the spin spectrum of black holes (BH) in AGN disks. The predicted merger rate spans $\sim 10^{-4}-10^{4} \rm{Gpc}^{-1} \rm{yr}^{-1}$, so upper limits from LIGO ($<212\rm{Gpc}^{-1}\rm{yr}^{-1}$) already constrain it. The predicted mass spectrum has the form of a broken power-law consisting of a pre-existing BH powerlaw mass spectrum and a harder powerlaw mass spectrum resulting from mergers. The predicted spin spectrum is multi-peaked with the evolution of retrograde spin BH in the gas disk playing a key role. We outline the large uncertainties in each of these LIGO observables for this channel and we discuss ways in which they can be constrained in the future.
description: 9pages, 2 figures, revised version submitted to ApJ. Comments welcome
Appreciating a “Broader Mindset”: Children’s Evaluations of Different Impact Mindsets
Creators: name: Im, Janice
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: impact mindset
subject: humanity
subject: moral expansiveness
subject: helping behaviors
subject: moral evaluations

description: People care about different things in their lives. Many people care about their families by supporting them, and some people also care about the world, beyond their family. We refer to these different concerns as the “impact mindset”, where one can show a self-oriented mindset, a family-oriented mindset, or a world-oriented mindset. Research shows that children care about themselves and family members, but we know little about how they evaluate the mindset of caring about the world. In the current study, we assessed 4-9-year-old children (N = 117) and adults’ (N = 120) evaluations of three individuals with different types of mindsets. Both children and adults rated the world-oriented mindset more positively and recognized that the world-oriented individuals make bigger impacts on the world than the self- and family-oriented individuals. Similar patterns were found when children were asked forced-choice questions comparing the world-oriented individual to self- and family-oriented individuals. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of children's valuation of individuals with different impact mindsets, revealing an early appreciation for making an impact on the world.
Bulk viscosity of two-flavor quark matter from the Kubo formalism
Creators: name: Harutyunyan, Arus
name: Sedrakian, Armen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the bulk viscosity of quark matter in the strong coupling regime within the two-flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model. The dispersive effects that lead to non-zero bulk viscosity arise from quark-meson fluctuations above the Mott transition temperature, where meson decay into two quarks is kinematically allowed. We adopt the Kubo-Zubarev formalism and compute the equilibrium imaginary-time correlation function for pressure in the $O(1/N_c)$ power counting scheme. The bulk viscosity of matter is expressed in terms of the Lorentz components of the quark spectral function and includes multi-loop contributions which arise via re-summation of infinite geometrical series of loop diagrams. We show that the multi-loop contributions dominate the single-loop contribution close to the Mott line, whereas at high temperatures the one-loop contribution is dominant. The multi-loop bulk viscosity dominates the shear viscosity close to the Mott temperature by factors 5 to 20, but with increasing temperature the shear viscosity becomes the dominant dissipation mechanism of stresses as the one-loop contribution becomes the main source of bulk viscosity.
description: v2: matches published version, 18 pages, 19 figures, uses RevTeX
Amplitude sensing below the zero-point fluctuations with a two-dimensional trapped-ion mechanical oscillator
Creators: name: Gilmore, K. A.
name: Bohnet, J. G.
name: Sawyer, B. C.
name: Britton, J. W.
name: Bollinger, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a technique to measure the amplitude of a center-of-mass (COM) motion of a two-dimensional ion crystal of $\sim$100 ions. By sensing motion at frequencies far from the COM resonance frequency, we experimentally determine the technique's measurement imprecision. We resolve amplitudes as small as 50 pm, 40 times smaller than the COM mode zero-point fluctuations. The technique employs a spin-dependent, optical-dipole force to couple the mechanical oscillation to the electron spins of the trapped ions, enabling a measurement of one quadrature of the COM motion through a readout of the spin state. We demonstrate sensitivity limits set by spin projection noise and spin decoherence due to off-resonant light scattering. When performed on resonance with the COM mode frequency, the technique demonstrated here can enable the detection of extremely weak forces ($< \,$1 yN) and electric fields ($< \,$1 nV/m), providing an opportunity to probe quantum sensing limits and search for physics beyond the standard model.