cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Greater deciduous shrub abundance extends tundra peak season and increases modeled net CO₂ uptake
Creators: name: Sweet, Shannan Kathlyn
name: Griffin, Kevin L.
name: Steltzer, Heidi
name: Gough, Laura
name: Boelman, Natalie T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Vegetation and climate
subject: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
subject: Vegetation surveys--Remote sensing
subject: Plant phenology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental sciences
subject: Remote sensing

description: Satellite studies of the terrestrial Arctic report increased summer greening and longer overall growing and peak seasons since the 1980s, which increases productivity and the period of carbon uptake. These trends are attributed to increasing air temperatures and reduced snow cover duration in spring and fall. Concurrently, deciduous shrubs are becoming increasingly abundant in tundra landscapes, which may also impact canopy phenology and productivity. Our aim was to determine the influence of greater deciduous shrub abundance on tundra canopy phenology and subsequent impacts on net ecosystem carbon exchange (NEE) during the growing and peak seasons in the arctic foothills region of Alaska. We compared deciduous shrub-dominated and evergreen/graminoid-dominated community-level canopy phenology throughout the growing season using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). We used a tundra plant-community-specific leaf area index (LAI) model to estimate LAI throughout the green season and a tundra-specific NEE model to estimate the impact of greater deciduous shrub abundance and associated shifts in both leaf area and canopy phenology on tundra carbon flux. We found that deciduous shrub canopies reached the onset of peak greenness 13 days earlier and the onset of senescence 3 days earlier compared to evergreen/graminoid canopies, resulting in a 10-day extension of the peak season. The combined effect of the longer peak season and greater leaf area of deciduous shrub canopies almost tripled the modeled net carbon uptake of deciduous shrub communities compared to evergreen/graminoid communities, while the longer peak season alone resulted in 84% greater carbon uptake in deciduous shrub communities. These results suggest that greater deciduous shrub abundance increases carbon uptake not only due to greater leaf area, but also due to an extension of the period of peak greenness, which extends the period of maximum carbon uptake.
Why the 3 Percent Increase in Agricultural Freight Rates Should Be Removed
Creators: name: Waugh, Frederick V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1943
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Conclusion: In view of the facts and analysis just presented the Department of Agriculture urges that freight rates on all agricultural products and foods, including livestock and livestock products, and including processed foods as well as unprocessed food products, be so adjusted that they are no higher than the rates which existed at the beginning, of 1942. It repeats that it believes this will provide the railroads with more than sufficient income to cover costs and will provide net revenues which compare very favorably with those of recent years. It will help very substantially the efforts of the farmer and the Government to produce the foods we need to win the war and still help materially to protect consumers against rising costs of living.
description: Summary of Statement by Frederick V. Waugh, Chief, Program Analysis and Appraisal Branch, at the hearing of the Interstate Commerce Commission, on Ex Parte 148, Washington, D. C., February 3, 1943.
Materials: Towards a Perspective-Based Specification of Machine Learning-Enabled Systems
Creators: name: Villamizar, Hugo
name: Kalinowski, Marcos
name: Lopes, Hélio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Requirements Engineering
Requirements Specifications
Machine Learning

description: Machine learning (ML) teams often work on a project just to realize the performance of the model is not good enough. However, the success of ML-enabled systems involve aligning data with business problems, translating them into ML tasks, experimenting with algorithms, evaluating models, capturing data from users, among others. Literature has shown that ML-enabled systems are rarely built based on precise specifications for such concerns, leading ML teams to become misaligned due to incorrect assumptions, which may affect the quality of such systems and overall project success. In order to help addressing this issue, this paper describes our work towards a perspective-based approach for specifying ML-enabled systems. The approach involves analyzing a set of 45 ML concerns grouped into five perspectives: objectives, user experience, infrastructure, model, and data. The main contribution of this paper is to provide two new artifacts that can be used to help specifying ML-enabled systems: (i) the ML perspective-based task and concern diagram and (ii) the perspective-based ML specification template. This repository provides the material used in our case study.
The Exact Wavefunction Factorization of a Vibronic Coupling System
Creators: name: Chiang, Ying-Chih
name: Klaiman, Shachar
name: Otto, Frank
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the exact wavefunction as a single product of electronic and nuclear wavefunction for a model conical intersection system. Exact factorized spiky potentials and nodeless nuclear wavefunctions are found. The exact factorized potential preserves the symmetry breaking effect when the coupling mode is present. Additionally the nodeless wavefunctions are found to be closely related to the adiabatic nuclear eigenfunctions. This phenomenon holds even for the regime where the non-adiabatic coupling is relevant, and sheds light on the relation between the exact wavefunction factorization and the adiabatic approximation.
title: Organic Matter Characterization of Virginia Rivers and Reservoirs
Creators: name: Lockhart, Susanne Margaret
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Research was conducted on characterizing the DOC characteristics and to discern whether spatial and temporal variations exist in these characteristics as impacted by seasonal, hydrologic or other factors. Data was cumulative of two studies: the State-Wide Survey in which water samples were taken in March and July 1995 from surface waters in four physiographic regions of Virginia and the James River Peninsula Survey concentrating on reservoirs and rivers on the James River Peninsula.

Results illustrate that the two largest fractions of DOC were the hydrophilic and hydrophobic acid fractions. An increase in DOC was observed between the mountains and the coastal plain due to increasing DOC concentrations in these two fractions. Data collected during the James River Peninsula Survey manifest a consistent increase in DOC from spring to summer which is mainly reflected in the hydrophobic and hydrophilic acid fractions. There was a relationship observed between DOC concentrations and its distribution among the different molecular weight size ranges. Waters having higher DOC concentrations were observed to have greater amounts of DOC in the higher molecular weight fractions.
zCOSMOS 20k: Satellite galaxies are the main drivers of environmental effects in the galaxy population at least to z~0.7
Creators: name: Kovac, K.
name: Lilly, S. J.
name: Knobel, C.
name: Bschorr, T. J.
name: Peng, Y.
name: Carollo, C. M.
name: Contini, T.
name: Kneib, J. -P.
name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Mainieri, V.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Bolzonella, M.
name: Bongiorno, A.
name: Caputi, K.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: de la Torre, S.
name: de Ravel, L.
name: Franzetti, P.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Iovino, A.
name: Kampczyk, P.
name: Lamareille, F.
name: Borgne, J. -F. Le
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Maier, C.
name: Mignoli, M.
name: Oesch, P.
name: Pello, R.
name: Montero, E. Perez
name: Presotto, V.
name: Silverman, J.
name: Tanaka, M.
name: Tasca, L.
name: Tresse, L.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Zucca, E.
name: Aussel, H.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Floch, E. Le
name: Moresco, M.
name: Pozzetti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the role of environment in the evolution of galaxies over 0.1
description: 22 pages, 19 figures, submitted to MNRAS
MPEC 2023-V120 : 2023 JG5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Magnetically driven winds from differentially rotating neutron stars and X-ray afterglows of short gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Siegel, Daniel M.
name: Ciolfi, Riccardo
name: Rezzolla, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Besides being among the most promising sources of gravitational waves, merging neutron star binaries also represent a leading scenario to explain the phenomenology of short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs). Recent observations have revealed a large subclass of SGRBs with roughly constant luminosity in their X-ray afterglows, lasting $10\!-\!10^4$ s. These features are generally taken as evidence of a long-lived central engine powered by the magnetic spin-down of a uniformly rotating, magnetized object. We propose a different scenario in which the central engine powering the X-ray emission is a differentially rotating hypermassive neutron star (HMNS) that launches a quasi-isotropic and baryon-loaded wind driven by the magnetic field, which is built-up through differential rotation. Our model is supported by long-term, three-dimensional, general-relativistic, and ideal magnetohydrodynamic simulations, showing that this isotropic emission is a very robust feature. For a given HMNS, the presence of a collimated component depends sensitively on the initial magnetic field geometry, while the stationary electromagnetic luminosity depends only on the magnetic energy initially stored in the system. We show that our model is compatible with the observed timescales and luminosities and express the latter in terms of a simple scaling relation.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures. Updated to match published article
Integrative proposals of sports monitoring: subjective outperforms objective monitoring
Creators: name: Montull, Lluc
name: Slapšinskaitė‑Dackevičienė, Agne
name: Kiely, John
name: Hristovski, Robert
name: Balagué, Natàlia
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 321006
subject: Sport and exercise nutrition

description: Current trends in sports monitoring are characterized by the massive collection of tech-based biomechanical, physi‑ ological and performance data, integrated through mathematical algorithms. However, the application of algorithms, predicated on mechanistic assumptions of how athletes operate, cannot capture, assess and adequately promote athletes’ health and performance. The objective of this paper is to reorient the current integrative proposals of sports monitoring by re-conceptualizing athletes as complex adaptive systems (CAS). CAS contain higher-order perceptual units that provide continuous and multilevel integrated information about performer–environment interactions. Such integrative properties offer exceptional possibilities of subjective monitoring for outperforming any objective monitoring system. Future research should investigate how to enhance this human potential to contribute further to athletes’ health and performance. This line of argument is not intended to advocate for the elimination of objective assessments, but to highlight the integrative possibilities of subjective monitoring
Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies
Creators: name: Quinn, P. K.
name: Baum, E.
name: Doubleday, N.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Flanner, M.
name: Fridlind, A.
name: Garrett, T. J.
name: Koch, D.
name: Menon, S.
name: Shindell, D.
name: Stohl, A.
name: Bates, T. S.
name: Warren, S. G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Air--Pollution
Global warming
Climatic changes--Mathematical models
Atmospheric chemistry
Climatic changes

description: Several short-lived pollutants known to impact Arctic climate may be contributing to the accelerated rates of warming observed in this region relative to the global annually averaged temperature increase. Here, we present a summary of the short-lived pollutants that impact Arctic climate including methane, tropospheric ozone, and tropospheric aerosols. For each pollutant, we provide a description of the major sources and the mechanism of forcing. We also provide the first seasonally averaged forcing and corresponding temperature response estimates focused specifically on the Arctic. The calculations indicate that the forcings due to black carbon, methane, and tropospheric ozone lead to a positive surface temperature response indicating the need to reduce emissions of these species within and outside the Arctic. Additional aerosol species may also lead to surface warming if the aerosol is coincident with thin, low lying clouds. We suggest strategies for reducing the warming based on current knowledge and discuss directions for future research to address the large remaining uncertainties.
Generalized friendship paradox in complex networks: The case of scientific collaboration
Creators: name: Eom, Young-Ho
name: Jo, Hang-Hyun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The friendship paradox states that your friends have on average more friends than you have. Does the paradox "hold" for other individual characteristics like income or happiness? To address this question, we generalize the friendship paradox for arbitrary node characteristics in complex networks. By analyzing two coauthorship networks of Physical Review journals and Google Scholar profiles, we find that the generalized friendship paradox (GFP) holds at the individual and network levels for various characteristics, including the number of coauthors, the number of citations, and the number of publications. The origin of the GFP is shown to be rooted in positive correlations between degree and characteristics. As a fruitful application of the GFP, we suggest effective and efficient sampling methods for identifying high characteristic nodes in large-scale networks. Our study on the GFP can shed lights on understanding the interplay between network structure and node characteristics in complex networks.
description: Published in Scientific Reports. 9 pages, 3 figures
Effect of regional precursor emission controls on long-range ozone transport – Part 1: Short-term changes in ozone air quality
Creators: name: West, J. Jason
name: Naik, Vaishali
name: Horowitz, Larry W.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Ozone--Mathematical models
Nitrogen oxides--Environmental aspects
Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Atmospheric chemistry
Climatic changes

description: Observations and models demonstrate that ozone and its precursors can be transported between continents and across oceans. We model the influences of 10% reductions in anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from each of nine world regions on surface ozone air quality in that region and all other regions. In doing so, we quantify the relative importance of long-range transport between all source-receptor pairs, for direct short-term ozone changes. We find that for population-weighted concentrations during the three-month "ozone-season", the strongest inter-regional influences are from Europe to the Former Soviet Union, East Asia to Southeast Asia, and Europe to Africa. The largest influences per unit of NOx reduced, however, are seen for source regions in the tropics and Southern Hemisphere, which we attribute mainly to greater sensitivity to changes in NOx in the lower troposphere, and secondarily to increased vertical convection to the free troposphere in tropical regions, allowing pollutants to be transported further. Results show, for example, that NOx reductions in North America are ~20% as effective per unit NOx in reducing ozone in Europe during summer, as NOx reductions from Europe itself. Reducing anthropogenic emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) by 10% in selected regions, can have as large an impact on long-range ozone transport as NOx reductions, depending on the source region. We find that for many source-receptor pairs, the season of greatest long-range influence does not coincide with the season when ozone is highest in the receptor region. Reducing NOx emissions in most source regions causes a larger decrease in export of ozone from the source region than in ozone production outside of the source region.
DN Tauri - coronal activity and accretion in a young low-mass CTTS
Creators: name: Robrade, J.
name: Guedel, M.
name: Guenther, H. M.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a deep XMM-Newton observation of DN Tau, a young M0-type accreting CTTS and investigate its X-ray properties and X-ray generating mechanisms. Specifically we examine the presence of X-ray emission from magnetic activity and accretion shocks and compare our new X-ray data with UV data taken simultaneously and with X-ray/UV observations performed before. We find that the X-ray emission from DN Tau is dominated by coronal plasma generated via magnetic activity, but also clearly detect a contribution of the accretion shocks to the cool plasma component at about 2 MK as consistently inferred from density and temperature analysis. Typical phenomena of active coronae like flaring, the presence of very hot plasma at 30 MK and an abundance pattern showing the inverse FIP effect are seen on DN Tau. Strong variations in the emission measure of the cooler plasma components between the 2005 and 2010 XMM data point to accretion related changes. The UV light curve taken simultaneously is in general not related to the X-ray brightness, but exhibits clear counterparts during the observed X-ray flares. The X-ray properties of DN Tau are similar to those of more massive CTTS, but its low mass and large radius shift the accretion shocks to lower temperatures, reducing their imprint in the X-ray regime.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Distorted Five-dimensional Electrically Charged Black Holes
Creators: name: Abdolrahimi, Shohreh
name: Shoom, Andrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive and study distorted, five-dimensional, electrically charged, non-extremal black holes on the example of a static and "axisymmetric" black hole distorted by external, electrically neutral matter.The solution satisfies Einstein-Maxwell equations which admits an $\mathbb{R}^1\times U(1)\times U(1)$ isometry group. The inner horizon remains regular if the distortion fields are finite and smooth at the outer horizon. There exists a certain duality transformation between the inner and the outer horizon surfaces which links surface gravity, electrostatic potential, and space-time curvature invariants calculated at the black hole horizons. The product of the inner and outer horizon areas depends only on the black hole's electric charge and the geometric mean of the areas is the upper (lower) limit for the inner (outer) horizon area. The horizon areas, electrostatic potential, and surface gravity satisfy the Smarr formula. We formulated the zeroth and the first laws of mechanics and thermodynamics of the distorted black hole and found a correspondence between the global and local forms of the first law. To illustrate the effect of distortion we consider the dipole-monopole and quadrupole-quadrupole distortion fields. The relative change in the Kretschamnn scalar due to the distortion is greater at the outer horizon than at the inner one. Calculating the maximal proper time of free fall from the outer to the inner horizons we show that the distortion can noticeably change the black hole interior. The change depends on type and strength of distortion fields. In particular, due to the types of distortion fields considered here the black hole horizons can either come arbitrarily close to or move far from each other.
description: 39 pages, 10 figures
Rice Outlook: September 2022
Creators: name: Childs, Nathan
name: LeBeau, Bonnie
name: Childs, Nathan
name: LeBeau, Bonnie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Rice
subject: production
subject: trade
subject: exports
subject: imports
subject: prices
subject: global production
subject: global exports
subject: global imports
subject: stocks

description: The September 2022 Rice Outlook Report contains the latest U.S. and global supply, use, and price estimates and projections from USDA's World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates report.
MPEC 2023-V121 : 2023 UF14
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 UF14

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Effect of regional precursor emission controls on long-range ozone transport – Part 2: Steady-state changes in ozone air quality and impacts on human mortality
Creators: name: West, J. Jason
name: Naik, Vaishali
name: Horowitz, Larry W.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Ozone--Mathematical models
Nitrogen oxides--Environmental aspects
Atmospheric methane
Air--Pollution--Health aspects
Atmospheric chemistry
Mortality

description: Large-scale changes in ozone precursor emissions affect ozone directly in the short term, and also affect methane, which in turn causes long-term changes in ozone that affect surface ozone air quality. Here we assess the effects of changes in ozone precursor emissions on the long-term change in surface ozone via methane, as a function of the emission region, by modeling 10% reductions in anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from each of nine world regions. Reductions in NOx emissions from all world regions increase methane and long-term surface ozone. While this long-term increase is small compared to the intra-regional short-term ozone decrease, it is comparable to or larger than the short-term inter-continental ozone decrease for some source-receptor pairs. The increase in methane and long-term surface ozone per ton of NOx reduced is greatest in tropical and Southern Hemisphere regions, exceeding that from temperate Northern Hemisphere regions by roughly a factor of ten. We also assess changes in premature ozone-related human mortality associated with regional precursor reductions and long-range transport, showing that for 10% regional NOx reductions, the strongest inter-regional influence is for emissions from Europe affecting mortalities in Africa. Reductions of NOx in North America, Europe, the Former Soviet Union, and Australia are shown to reduce more mortalities outside of the source regions than within. Among world regions, NOx reductions in India cause the greatest number of avoided mortalities per ton, mainly in India itself. Finally, by increasing global methane, NOx reductions in one hemisphere tend to cause long-term increases in ozone concentration and mortalities in the opposite hemisphere. Reducing emissions of methane, and to a lesser extent carbon monoxide and non-methane volatile organic compounds, alongside NOx reductions would avoid this disbenefit.
Multi-messenger approaches to binary supermassive black holes in the "continuous-wave" regime
Creators: name: Burke-Spolaor, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to gravitational waves from supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries at orbital separations of << 1pc. There is currently an observational paucity of such systems, although they are central figures in studies of galaxy evolution, merger dynamics, and active nucleus formation. We review the prospects of detecting SMBH binaries through electromagnetic radiative processes thought to be associated with galaxy mergers and late-stage binary evolution. We then discuss the scientific goals of joint pulsar timing and electromagnetic studies of these systems, including the facilitation of binary parameter estimation, identifying galactic hosts of gravitational wave emitters, and relevant studies of merger dynamics and cosmology. The use of upcoming high-precision timing arrays with the International Pulsar Timing Array and the Square Kilometre Array, combined with ongoing electromagnetic observing campaigns to identify active SMBH binaries, provide generous possibilities for multi-messenger astrophysics in the near future.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures, accepted to Classical and Quantum Gravity special issue on Pulsar Timing Arrays
The influence of European pollution on ozone in the Near East and northern Africa
Creators: name: Duncan, B. N.
name: West, J. Jason
name: Yoshida, Y.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Ziemke, J. R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Air--Pollution--Health aspects
Air--Pollution--Environmental aspects
Transboundary pollution
Atmospheric ozone
Atmospheric chemistry

description: We present a modeling study of the long-range transport of pollution from Europe, showing that European emissions regularly elevate surface ozone by as much as 20 ppbv in summer in northern Africa and the Near East. European emissions cause 50–150 additional violations per year (i.e. above those that would occur without European pollution) of the European health standard for ozone (8-h average >120 μg/m3 or ~60 ppbv) in northern Africa and the Near East. We estimate that European ozone pollution is responsible for 50 000 premature mortalities globally each year, of which the majority occurs outside of Europe itself, including 37% (19 000) in northern Africa and the Near East. Much of the pollution from Europe is exported southward at low altitudes in summer to the Mediterranean Sea, northern Africa and the Near East, regions with favorable photochemical environments for ozone production. Our results suggest that assessments of the human health benefits of reducing ozone precursor emissions in Europe should include effects outside of Europe, and that comprehensive planning to improve air quality in northern Africa and the Near East likely needs to address European emissions.
title: Book review : Heather Montgomery and Mary Kellett (Eds.) (2009). Children and young people's worlds. Developing frameworks for integrated practice. Bristol, The Policy Press, 261pp, ISBN 978-1-84742-387-0
Creators: name: Evans, Peter
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2011

description: Children and young people's worlds: developing frameworks for integrated practice is primarily a course text, edited by Heather Montgomery and Mary Kellett, for students on the Open University Childhood and Youth Studies postgraduate degree. Nevertheless, the book raises questions and promotes thought on what exactly it means to be a child in the 21st century, making it relevant to all professions working with children, including those practising in residential childcare. Drawing its focus from the children's rights perspective, the book comprises fourteen chapters, written by eleven authors, considering this issue from a national and an international perspective.
Extraction of chemical structures from literature and patent documents using open access chemistry toolkits: a case study with PFAS
Creators: name: Schymanski, Emma
name: Barnabas, Shadrack J
name: Böhme, Timo
name: Boyer, Stephen K
name: Irmer, Matthias
name: Wetherbee, Ian
name: Kondic, Todor
name: Weber, Lutz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: PFAS
Patents
OntoChem

description: Invited contribution for the RSC Desktop Seminar: Digital Discovery https://www.rsc.org/events/detail/74864/rsc-desktop-seminar-digital-discovery Presenting Barnabas et al. (2022) Digital Discovery. DOI: 10.1039/D2DD00019A
Synthesis of tetrahydropyridines by one-pot multicomponent reaction using nano-sphere silica sulfuric acid
Creators: name: Shiri, Morteza
name: Masoume Daraei
name: Zolfigol, Mohammad Ali
name: Fateme Derakhshan‑Panah
name: Kruger, Hendrik Gerhardus
name: Mokhlesi, Mohammad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry
subject: 39904 Organometallic Chemistry
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30207 Transition Metal Chemistry
subject: 30306 Synthesis of Materials

description: A highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridines in the presence of nano-sphere silica sulfuric acid (NS-SSA) was used for good yields by one-pot multicomponent reaction (MCRs). The reagent nano-sphere silica sulfuric acid (NS-SSA) has several advantages, such as easy workup, nontoxicity, convenience and high yields of products.
title: The Frontal Method for Finite Element Analysis on IBM-3090 Vector Computer
Creators: name: Kamal, Chaerul
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1990

description: In this report, a Finite Element program based on the Frontal method was implemented on the IBM-3090 to exploit the vector capabilities offered by modern high performance vector computers. The overall computational speed for the Frontal Finite Element program was increased by 30% when the vector instructions were introduced. The Frontal solution for a system of simultaneous linear equations, however, has shown only minor improvement when vector instructions were used. More improvement in computational speed and memory storage can be expected by using the Parallel Frontal method with Substructures.
Dynamics of reaction-diffusion patterns controlled by asymmetric nonlocal coupling as limiting case of differential advection
Creators: name: Siebert, Julien
name: Alonso, Sergio
name: Bär, Markus
name: Schöll, Eckehard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A one-component bistable reaction-diffusion system with asymmetric nonlocal coup ling is derived as limiting case of a two-component activator-inhibitor reaction -diffusion model with differential advection. The effects of asymmetric nonlocal couplings in such a bistable reaction-diffusi on system are then compared to the previously studied case of a system with symm etric nonlocal coupling. We carry out a linear stability analysis of the spatially homogeneous steady sta tes of the model and numerical simulations of the model to show how the asymmetr ic nonlocal coupling controls and alters the steady states and the front dynamic s in the system. In a second step, a third fast reaction-diffusion equation is included which ind uces the formation of more complex patterns. A linear stability analysis predicts traveling waves for asymmetric nonlocal coupling in contrast to a stationary Turing patterns for a system with symmetric nonlocal coupling. These findings are verified by direct numerical integration of the full equations with nonlocal coupling.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, submitted
Carbon Monoxide Clouds at Low-Metallicity in the WLM Galaxy
Creators: name: Elmegreen, Bruce G.
name: Rubio, Monica
name: Hunter, Deidre A.
name: Verdugo, Celia
name: Brinks, Elias
name: Schruba, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbon monoxide (CO) is the primary tracer for interstellar clouds where stars form, yet CO has never been detected in galaxies with an Oxygen abundance relative to Hydrogen less than 20% of solar, even though such low metallicity galaxies often form stars. This raises the question of whether stars can form in dense gas without the usual molecules, cooling to the required near-zero temperatures by atomic transitions and dust radiation rather than molecular line emission (Krumholz 2012), and it highlights uncertainties about star formation in the early universe, when the metallicity was generally low. Here we report the detection of CO in two regions of a local dwarf irregular galaxy, WLM, where the metallicity is 13% of the solar value (Lee et al. 2005, Asplund et al. 2009). New sub-millimeter observations and archival far-infrared observations are used to estimate the cloud masses, which are both slightly larger than 10^5 Msun. The clouds have produced stars at a rate per molecule equal to 10% of that in the local Orion Nebula cloud. The CO fraction of the molecular gas is also low, about 3% of the Milky Way value. These results suggest that both star-forming cores and CO molecules become increasingly rare in H_2 clouds as the metallicity decreases in small galaxies.
description: 9 pages, 3 tables, 1 figure
Monitoring high-ozone events in the US Intermountain West using TEMPO geostationary satellite observations
Creators: name: Zoogman, P.
name: Jacob, Daniel J.
name: Chance, K.
name: Liu, X.
name: Lin, M.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Travis, K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Geostationary satellites
Troposphere--Measurement
Atmospheric chemistry
Environmental sciences
Climatic changes

description: High-ozone events, approaching or exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS), are frequently observed in the US Intermountain West in association with subsiding air from the free troposphere. Monitoring and attribution of these events is problematic because of the sparsity of the current network of surface measurements and lack of vertical information. We present an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE) to evaluate the ability of the future geostationary satellite instrument Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO), scheduled for launch in 2018–2019, to monitor and attribute high-ozone events in the Intermountain West through data assimilation. TEMPO will observe ozone in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (Vis) bands to provide sensitivity in the lower troposphere. Our OSSE uses ozone data from the GFDL AM3 chemistry-climate model (CCM) as the "true" atmosphere and samples it for April–June 2010 with the current surface network (CASTNet –Clean Air Status and Trends Network– sites), a configuration designed to represent TEMPO, and a low Earth orbit (LEO) IR (infrared) satellite instrument. These synthetic data are then assimilated into the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) using a Kalman filter. Error correlation length scales (500 km in horizontal, 1.7 km in vertical) extend the range of influence of observations. We show that assimilation of surface data alone does not adequately detect high-ozone events in the Intermountain West. Assimilation of TEMPO data greatly improves the monitoring capability, with little information added from the LEO instrument. The vertical information from TEMPO further enables the attribution of NAAQS exceedances to background ozone. This is illustrated with the case of a stratospheric intrusion.
Modelling future changes in surface ozone: a parameterized approach
Creators: name: Wild, O.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Shindell, D. T.
name: Doherty, R. M.
name: Collins, W. J.
name: Dentener, F. J.
name: Schultz, M. G.
name: Gong, S.
name: MacKenzie, I. A.
name: Zeng, G.
name: Hess, P.
name: Duncan, B. N.
name: Bergmann, D. J.
name: Szopa, S.
name: Jonson, J. E.
name: Keating, T. J.
name: Zuber, A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Ozone--Mathematical models
Tropospheric chemistry
Climatic changes

description: This study describes a simple parameterization to estimate regionally averaged changes in surface ozone due to past or future changes in anthropogenic precursor emissions based on results from 14 global chemistry transport models. The method successfully reproduces the results of full simulations with these models. For a given emission scenario it provides the ensemble mean surface ozone change, a regional source attribution for each change, and an estimate of the associated uncertainty as represented by the variation between models. Using the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) emission scenarios as an example, we show how regional surface ozone is likely to respond to emission changes by 2050 and how changes in precursor emissions and atmospheric methane contribute to this. Surface ozone changes are substantially smaller than expected with the SRES A1B, A2 and B2 scenarios, with annual global mean reductions of as much as 2 ppb by 2050 vs. increases of 4–6 ppb under SRES, and this reflects the assumptions of more stringent precursor emission controls under the RCP scenarios. We find an average difference of around 5 ppb between the outlying RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, about 75% of which can be attributed to differences in methane abundance. The study reveals the increasing importance of limiting atmospheric methane growth as emissions of other precursors are controlled, but highlights differences in modelled ozone responses to methane changes of as much as a factor of two, indicating that this remains a major uncertainty in current models.
Impasse, Bond et gagne. Jeux, théories des jeux et enjeux de la guerre froide
Creators: name: Steenshorne, Jennifer E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Game theory
Cold War in literature
Cold War in motion pictures
English literature
World history

description: Bond had always been a gambler…He liked being an actor and a spectator and from his chair to take part in other men’s dramas and decisions, until it came to his own turn to say that vital “yes” or “no”, generally on a fifty-fifty chance…Above all, he liked that everything was one’s own fault. (Casino Royale) Gambling is central to every Bond novel and film. From being a metaphor for the game between the U.S.S.R. and the West in Casino Royale, to the cheats of Hugo Drax and Goldfinger, to the delicate play of a child’s game, Rocks Paper Scissors, in You Only Live Twice, the gamble is central to the Bond narrative. Bond, indeed, is not only known for his gambling abilities in the Service, but is effective because he is a gambler, and identifies himself as a gambler. This hero relies not only skill, but on the bluff, the feint of hand, and the downright cheat. This article will examine the gambling and game playing of Bond not as merely another glamorous accoutrement to Bond’s world (like his car, his custom cigarettes, his women), but within the context of game theory and ideas about gambling in Cold War international affairs.
Agricultural Marketing Research Since 1946
Creators: name: Waugh, Frederick V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1952
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Descriptive Research --- Analysis (Work simplification – Efficiency of plants – Efficiency of a wholesale market – Market structure – Transportation) --- Developments in Marketing (Monopoly and imperfect competition – Storage – Futures trading – Consumer preferences and market development) --- Pricing and Demand --- Conclusion
description: Talk by Frederick V. Waugh, Assistant Chief, Bureau of Agricultural Economics, at the meeting of the New England Research Council, Amherst, Mass., June 19, 1952.
Quantifying pollution inflow and outflow over East Asia in spring with regional and global models
Creators: name: Carmichael, G. R.
name: Fiore, Arlene M.
name: Lin, M.
name: Holloway, T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Air--Pollution
Air--Pollution--Mathematical models
Boundary layer (Meteorology)
Atmospheric chemistry
Climatic changes

description: Understanding the exchange processes between the atmospheric boundary layer and the free troposphere is crucial for estimating hemispheric transport of air pollution. Most studies of hemispheric air pollution transport have taken a large-scale perspective using global chemical transport models with fairly coarse spatial and temporal resolutions. In support of United Nations Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF HTAP; www.htap.org), this study employs two high-resolution atmospheric chemistry models (WRF-Chem and CMAQ; 36×36 km) driven with chemical boundary conditions from a global model (MOZART; 1.9×1.9°) to examine the role of fine-scale transport and chemistry processes in controlling pollution export and import over the Asian continent in spring (March 2001). Our analysis indicates the importance of rapid venting through deep convection that develops along the leading edge of frontal system convergence bands, which are not adequately resolved in either of two global models compared with TRACE-P aircraft observations during a frontal event. Both regional model simulations and observations show that frontal outflows of CO, O3 and PAN can extend to the upper troposphere (6–9 km). Pollution plumes in the global MOZART model are typically diluted and insufficiently lofted to higher altitudes where they can undergo more efficient transport in stronger winds. We use sensitivity simulations that perturb chemical boundary conditions in the CMAQ regional model to estimate that the O3 production over East Asia (EA) driven by PAN decomposition contributes 20% of the spatial averaged total O3 response to European (EU) emission perturbations in March, and occasionally contributes approximately 50% of the total O3 response in subsiding plumes at mountain observatories (at approximately 2 km altitude). The response to decomposing PAN of EU origin is strongly affected by the O3 formation chemical regimes, which vary with the model chemical mechanism and NOx/VOC emissions. Our high-resolution models demonstrate a large spatial variability (by up to a factor of 6) in the response of local O3 to 20% reductions in EU anthropogenic O3 precursor emissions. The response in the highly populated Asian megacities is 40–50% lower in our high-resolution models than the global model, suggesting that the source-receptor relationships inferred from the global coarse-resolution models likely overestimate health impacts associated with intercontinental O3 transport. Our results highlight the important roles of rapid convective transport, orographic forcing, urban photochemistry and heterogeneous boundary layer processes in controlling intercontinental transport; these processes may not be well resolved in the large-scale models.
Supersymmetric mode converters
Creators: name: Heinrich, Matthias
name: Miri, Mohammad-Ali
name: Stützer, Simon
name: El-Ganainy, Ramy
name: Nolte, Stefan
name: Szameit, Alexander
name: Christodoulides, Demetrios N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Originally developed in the context of quantum field theory, the concept of supersymmetry (SUSY) can be used to systematically design a new class of optical structures. In this work, we demonstrate how key features arising from optical supersymmetry can be exploited to control the flow of light for mode division multiplexing applications. Superpartner configurations are experimentally realized in coupled optical networks, and the corresponding light dynamics in such systems are directly observed. We show that SUSY can be judiciously utilized to remove the fundamental mode of a multimode optical structure, while establishing global phase matching conditions for the remaining set of modes. Along these lines, supersymmetry may serve as a promising platform for a new generation of versatile optical components with novel properties and functionalities.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Measuring the effects of Austin’s Transit-Oriented Development zoning districts through multi-family property analysis
Creators: name: Lantelme, Cody Jack
name: 0000-0003-4132-4610
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Transit-Oriented Development
TOD
Real estate
Planning
Multi-family
Apartment
Transit
Value capture

description: Transit Oriented Development (TOD) has become a popular technique for cities that are seeking to supplement public transportation investments with dense developments that serve to improve tax assessment values and increase ridership. The literature on TOD provides considerable insights on TOD implementation and value capture techniques, as well as numerous case studies that show the effects of TOD projects in other major cities. The literature also reveals problems with TOD implementation and the tendency of planners to overestimate the ability of TOD zoning to spur dense development and increase property values. Based upon a review of the successes and limitations of TOD strategies, this report assesses multi-family apartment communities near each of the three TOD station area regulating plans for the Red Line Commuter Rail in Austin, Texas. Evaluation of the data on multi-family rental housing indicates that there is not a significant rent or occupancy premium associated with newer properties near Red Line stations. In one of the three cases studied, older properties did benefit from the accessibility and infrastructure improvements associated with transit and TOD infrastructure improvements based on rent and rent per square foot premiums, although more research will be needed to determine whether this observation is coincidence or a trend. As transit infrastructure in Austin is improved, this study will provide a baseline for measuring the success of properties near stations. It is possible that transit infrastructure improvements will result in rent and occupancy premiums for station area properties in the future.