cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Balmer line formation in solar flares affected by return currents
Creators: name: Stepan, Jiri
name: Kasparova, Jana
name: Karlicky, Marian
name: Heinzel, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We investigate the effect of the electric return currents in solar flares on the profiles of hydrogen Balmer lines. We consider the monoenergetic approximation for the primary beam and runaway model of the neutralizing return current. Methods. Propagation of the 10 keV electron beam from a coronal reconnection site is considered for the semiempirical chromosphere model F1. We estimate the local number density of return current using two approximations for beam energy fluxes between $4\times 10^{11}$ and $1\times 10^{12} {\rm erg cm^{-2} s^{-1}}$. Inelastic collisions of beam and return-current electrons with hydrogen are included according to their energy distributions, and the hydrogen Balmer line intensities are computed using an NLTE radiative transfer approach. Results. In comparison to traditional NLTE models of solar flares that neglect the return-current effects, we found a significant increase emission in the Balmer line cores due to nonthermal excitation by return current. Contrary to the model without return current, the line shapes are sensitive to a beam flux. It is the result of variation in the return-current energy that is close to the hydrogen excitation thresholds and the density of return-current electrons.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters
แนวทางการยกระดับความร่วมมือเพื่อเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพในการจัดบริการสาธารณะระหว่างองค์กรปกครองส่วนท้องถิ่นระดับเทศบาลในพื้นที่อำเภอหาดใหญ่ จังหวัดสงขลา
Creators: name: ดนุวัศ สุวรรณวงศ์
Publisher: name: College of Politics and Governance (COPAG), Mahasarakham University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Upgrade Collaboration
Providing the Public Service
Local government
Municipal

description: Journal of Politics and Governance, 11, 2, 168-184
Slides for: How Heerlen’s Citizens Bob-a-Job in a Digital Age
Creators: Pieter Bonnema and Harald Wouters
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Slides for Webinar: How Heerlen�s Citizens Bob-a-Job in a Digital Age
During this session you will learn more about a showcase innovation project in the city of Heerlen, the Netherlands. This former mining city faces challenges due to its declining population and has been struggling with substantial socio-economic disadvantages for decades. To counter the high cost of public space maintenance, low civic engagement and high vacancy rate of retail in Heerlen, the Municipality of Heerlen and its partners created the platform Heerlens Heitje. Within the European Commission's Urban Innovative Actions initiative, the city developed a digital platform by applying blockchain technology for delegating city maintenance tasks to its citizens. Via the Heerlens Heitje smartphone app, citizens of Heerlen can apply for easy public space maintenance tasks assigned by the municipality. Completed and approved tasks are rewarded with a local digital currency: Heerlens Heitje (1 Heitje = 1 euro). These Heitjes can be spent at local shops, bars and cultural facilities within the city. The goals of the project are (1) to increase civic engagement, (2) to improve the quality of the public space and (3) to stimulate the local economy.
ISGT Europe 2022 panel session 11: FLEXI-GRID – Enabling Flexibility for Future Distribution Grids with High Penetration of Variable Renewable Generation (Slides)
Creators: T. Le
D. Steen
T. Vu Van
I. Gazioglu
T. Thai Tra n
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

FLEXI-GRID aims to digitalize the distribution grids to the end-customers level which will enhance the flexibility of distribution grids to ensure the security of supply and use flexibilities from the end-users while integrating large shares of variable renewables. This will be enabled by an IoT platform which supports different market designs for energy exchanges and flexibility provisions. The project has demonstration sites from Bulgaria, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey which allow the demonstration of the solutions of i) grid monitoring, control and flexibility intervention; ii) centralized markets for energy and flexibilities services; iii) blockchain based provision of flexibility services; iv) flexibility services provided by local battery energy storage, V2G and local renewable energy production. This panel session will present the main development and demonstration results achieved so far, focusing on how flexibilities provision would work in real-life, the benefits and challenges.
FLEXI-GRID aims to digitalize the distribution grids to the end-customers level which will enhance the flexibility of distribution grids to ensure the security of supply and use flexibilities from the end-users while integrating large shares of variable renewables. This will be enabled by an IoT platform which supports different market designs for energy exchanges and flexibility provisions. The project has demonstration sites from Bulgaria, Sweden, Switzerland, and Turkey which allow the demonstration of the solutions of i) grid monitoring, control and flexibility intervention; ii) centralized markets for energy and flexibilities services; iii) blockchain based provision of flexibility services; iv) flexibility services provided by local battery energy storage, V2G and local renewable energy production. This panel session will present the main development and demonstration results achieved so far, focusing on how flexibilities provision would work in real-life, the benefits and challenges.
Slides for - Image Fusion with Convolutional Sparse Representation
Creators: Dr. Yu Liu
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2021

Webinar Slides - SPS Webinar, December 10, 2021, Dr. Yu Liu
As a popular signal modeling technique, sparse representation (SR) has achieved great success in image fusion during the last decade. However, due to the patch-based manner adopted in standard SR models, most existing SR-based image fusion methods suffer from two drawbacks, namely, limited ability in detail preservation and high sensitivity to mis-registration, while these two issues are of great concern in image fusion. We introduce a recently emerged signal decomposition model known as convolutional sparse representation (CSR) into image fusion to address this problem, which is motivated by the observation that the CSR model can effectively overcome the above two drawbacks. A CSR-based image fusion framework is proposed for multi-focus image fusion and multi-modal image fusion. In addition, we also extend the CSR model from single-component to multi-component for image fusion via the morphological component analysis (MCA) technique. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed CSR-based fusion methods clearly outperform conventional SR-based methods in terms of both objective assessment and visual quality.
Dependence of the Local Reionization History on Halo Mass and Environment: Did Virgo Reionize the Local Group?
Creators: name: Weinmann, Simone M.
name: Maccio', Andrea V.
name: Iliev, Ilian T.
name: Mellema, Garrelt
name: Moore, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The reionization of the Universe has profound effects on the way galaxies form and on their observed properties at later times. Of particular importance is the relative timing of the reionization history of a region and its halo assembly history, which can affect the nature of the first stars formed in that region, the properties and radial distribution of its stellar halo, globular cluster population and its satellite galaxies. We distinguish two basic cases for the reionization of a halo - internal reionization, whereby the stars forming in situ reionize their host galaxy, and external reionization, whereby the progenitor of a galaxy is reionized by external radiation before its own stars are able to form in sufficient numbers. We use a set of large-scale radiative transfer and structure formation simulations, based on cosmologies derived from both WMAP 1-year and WMAP 3-year data, to evaluate the mean reionization redshifts and the probability of internal/external reionization for Local Group-like systems, galaxies in the field and central cD galaxies in clusters. We find that these probabilities are strongly dependent on the underlying cosmology and the efficiency of photon production, but also on the halo mass. There is a rapid transition between predominantly external and predominantly internal reionization at a mass scale of 1.0e12 Msun (corresponding roughly to L*galaxies), with haloes less massive than this being reionized preferentially from distant sources. We provide a fit for the reionization redshift as a function of halo mass, which could be helpful to parameterize reionization in semi-analytical models of galaxy formation on cosmological scales. We find no statistical correlation between the reionization history of field galaxies and their environment.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Methodology section rewritten for clarity, results and conclusions unchanged. A preprint with high-resolution figures is available at http://www-theorie.physik.unizh.ch/~andrea/Reion/
ISGT Europe 2022 super session 1: Stability, Dynamics, and Control of Emerging Renewable-Rich Power Systems (Slides)
Creators: M. Ghazavi Dozein
J. Cremer
C. Vournas
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Power systems around the world are undergoing a technological revolution due to the large-scale integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) and the corresponding phase-out of synchronous generator units. This technological revolution is fundamentally changing the dynamics and characteristics of this class of complex systems to these physically disparate devices, and impacting the traditional approaches to system stability. Thus, it is essential to better understand the root causes and manifestations of potential system instability phenomena under these unprecedented, high IBR share influenced grid conditions, in order to effectively develop mitigation solutions. This panel will share new insights and thoughts on the dynamics of these new emerging power systems driven by the general control and response of IBR components, especially during weak grid and varying inertia operating conditions. Clarification is sought as to the needs for system stability and security, how and to what extent IBRs might support system dynamics, as well as the associated challenges, limitations, and requirements.
Power systems around the world are undergoing a technological revolution due to the large-scale integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) and the corresponding phase-out of synchronous generator units. This technological revolution is fundamentally changing the dynamics and characteristics of this class of complex systems to these physically disparate devices, and impacting the traditional approaches to system stability. Thus, it is essential to better understand the root causes and manifestations of potential system instability phenomena under these unprecedented, high IBR share influenced grid conditions, in order to effectively develop mitigation solutions. This panel will share new insights and thoughts on the dynamics of these new emerging power systems driven by the general control and response of IBR components, especially during weak grid and varying inertia operating conditions. Clarification is sought as to the needs for system stability and security, how and to what extent IBRs might support system dynamics, as well as the associated challenges, limitations, and requirements.
Time-Dependent of Accretion Flow with Toroidal Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Khesali, Alireza
name: Faghei, Kazem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present study time evolution of quasi-spherical polytropic accretion flow with toroidal magnetic field is investigated. The study especially focused the astrophysically important case in which the adiabatic exponent $γ=5/3$. In this scenario, it was assumed that the angular momentum transport is due to viscous turbulence and used $α$-prescription for kinematic coefficient of viscosity. The equations of accretion flow are solved in a simplified one-dimensional model that neglects the latitudinal dependence of the flow. In order to solve the integrated equations which govern the dynamical behavior of the accretion flow, self-similar solution was used. The solution provides some insight into the dynamics of quasi-spherical accretion flow and avoids many of the strictures of the steady self-similar solution. The effect of the toroidal magnetic field is considered with additional variable $β[=p_{mag}/p_{gas}]$, where $p_{mag}$ and $p_{gas}$ are the magnetic and gas pressure, respectively. The solution indicates a transonic point in the accretion flow, that this point approaches to central object by adding strength of the magnetic field. Also, by adding strength of the magnetic field, the radial-thickness of the disk decreases and the disk compresses. It was analytically indicated that the radial velocity is only a function of Alfv'en velocity. The model implies that the flow has differential rotation and is sub-Keplerian at all radii.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, accepted by MNRAS
ISGT Europe 2022 panel session 10: The role of flexibility in enabling the energy transition (Slides)
Creators: H. Kazmi
G. Deconinck
J. Ponocko
V. Debsschere
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

This panel will discuss recent innovations in the design, provision and activation of energy flexibility, and how it can be used to accelerate the ongoing energy transition. This is especially important in the context of increasing demand electrification (e.g. heat, transport) and the proliferation of variable renewable energy sources. More specifically, the panel will draw inspiration from activities carried out in the context of the IEA Annex 82 on Energy Flexible Buildings, as well as several large scale national and European projects. In doing so, the panel members will bring different perspectives on modelling and activating flexibility at different aggregation levels ranging from the electric distribution and transmission grid down to the building and appliance level. The discussion will also cover practical topics such as trade-offs in the choice of algorithms, flexible assets (electric batteries and vehicles to thermal loads), objective functions (risk stacking, value hopping) and constraints (local vs. grid-based), as well as the challenges that arise in real world projects.
This panel will discuss recent innovations in the design, provision and activation of energy flexibility, and how it can be used to accelerate the ongoing energy transition. This is especially important in the context of increasing demand electrification (e.g. heat, transport) and the proliferation of variable renewable energy sources. More specifically, the panel will draw inspiration from activities carried out in the context of the IEA Annex 82 on Energy Flexible Buildings, as well as several large scale national and European projects. In doing so, the panel members will bring different perspectives on modelling and activating flexibility at different aggregation levels ranging from the electric distribution and transmission grid down to the building and appliance level. The discussion will also cover practical topics such as trade-offs in the choice of algorithms, flexible assets (electric batteries and vehicles to thermal loads), objective functions (risk stacking, value hopping) and constraints (local vs. grid-based), as well as the challenges that arise in real world projects.
Long-Range Nematic Order in Two-Dimensional Active Matter
Creators: name: Mahault, Benoît
name: Chaté, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Working in two space dimensions, we show that the orientational order emerging from self-propelled polar particles aligning nematically is quasi-long-ranged beyond $\ell_{\rm r}$, the scale associated to induced velocity reversals, which is typically extremely large and often cannot even be measured. Below $\ell_{\rm r}$, nematic order is long-range. We construct and study a hydrodynamic theory for this de facto phase and show that its structure and symmetries differ from conventional descriptions of active nematics. We check numerically our theoretical predictions, in particular the presence of $π$-symmetric propagative sound modes, and provide estimates of all scaling exponents governing long-range space-time correlations.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, comments welcomed
Slides for - Bayesian Multi-object Tracking: Probability Hypothesis Density Filter and Beyond
Creators: Dr. Ba-Ngu Vo
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Webinar Slides - SPS Webinar, January 26 2022, Dr. Ba-Ngu Vo
In his seminal paper, Dr. Ronald Mahler not only developed the Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD) filter, but also detailed the Random Finite Set (RFS) framework for multi-object systems. These complex dynamical systems, in which the number of objects and their states are unknown and vary randomly with time, have a wide range of applications from surveillance, computer vision, robotics to biomedical research. Although popular in multi-object tracking (MOT), the PHD filter is a multi-object localization filter, not a MOT filter. This talk provides an overview of the PHD filter and how the same RFS framework can be used to address multi-object trajectory estimation. By using labels to distinguish individual trajectories, this approach admits MOT filters that alleviate integration over multiple scans and enables modeling/estimation of ancestry for spawning objects. Labeled RFS posterior/filtering densities are closed under truncation and admit analytic truncation error?critical for numerical approximations. In practical terms, labeled RFS solutions are numerically efficient, alleviating the key computational bottlenecks in the number of objects/measurements, number of sensors, and number of scans.
November - General Issue
Creators: Swetha Shekarappa G
Saurav Raj
Sheila Mahapatra
Mohamed Izdin Hlal
Vigna K Ramachandaramurthya
Ahmed Altaher
Mike Prescher
Shamsul Aizam Zulkifli
Momoh Kabir
Anurag Srivastava
Subir Majumder
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Bulletin
An general issue of the Smart Grid Bulletin featuring "State-of-Art Technology of Distribution System State Estimation- Paradigm Towards Smart Grid", "Hybrid Energy System for Perhentian Island, Part 2: A Practical Multi-Objective Design", "Ransomware: A Change Will Do Us Good", "Grid Stability Improvement for Charging Stations of EV Battery During V2G", and "Resilience-Driven Integration of Distributed Energy Resource (DER): Coordinating DER Services for Value".
Supersolid state of ultracold fermions in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Koga, Akihisa
name: Higashiyama, Takuji
name: Inaba, Kensuke
name: Suga, Seiichiro
name: Kawakami, Norio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study ultracold fermionic atoms trapped in an optical lattice with harmonic confinement by means of the dynamical mean-field approximation. It is demonstrated that a supersolid state, where an s-wave superfluid coexists with a density-wave state with a checkerboard pattern, is stabilized by attractive onsite interactions on a square lattice. Our new finding here is that a confining potential plays an invaluable role in stabilizing the supersolid state. We establish a rich phase diagram at low temperatures, which clearly shows how the insulator, the density wave and the superfluid compete with each other to produce an intriguing domain structure. Our results shed light on the possibility of the supersolid state in fermionic optical lattice systems.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Metadata approach in the Bridge of Data project at Gdansk University of Technology
Creators: name: Szuflita-Żurawska, Magdalena
name: Wałek, Anna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: metadata
open science
institutional

description: The Bridge of Data Project is an outgoing project at the Gdansk University of Technology (GUT) related to the open data curation and sharing. It is a continuum of the Bridge of Knowledge platform that was mainly focused on the institutional repository and scientific services for the academic community.
 In this poster, we would like to present the process of our approach to metadata collection and description and show the challenges and difficulties in designing it. Selecting the standards that will be appropriate for datasets collections and fulfill the FAIR principles, is a weighty and difficult decision. For scientific publications, we already support Dublin Core and Highwire Press tags. Additionally, to ensure the project’s compatibility with 5 stars Open Data, each object is described by schema.org with JSON-LD formatting.
 As metadata is essential for efficiently storing, sorting, retrieving, sharing and link scientific data, and to assure the description of granular levels of resources, we have decided to use the DDI (Data Documentation Initiative) standard for the first level of metadata. Due to the wide range of disciplines covered by our project (GUT in collaboration with Gdansk University and Gdansk Medical University) from humanities, social sciences, technical and engineering to medical science, we were looking for a standard that best reflects our needs and assumptions. DDI standard is quite general, flexible, and more accessible for all disciplines and broader communities in comparison to others. In addition, DDI is more interoperable than other standards that will result in better indexing provided datasets in various search engines and data hubs raising awareness of its presence and availability. The second level of metadata will be subject-specific and more constrained to assure scientific objects more findable and reusable. As one example, we will support INSPIRE standard for GIS data.
 It has to be highlighted that our data repository will have a hierarchical structure that allows e.g. research teams to assign the specific collection of datasets to specific projects a then sub-collection to different research objects such as individual scholars, publications, software or images.
description: 'Bridge of Data. Multidisciplinary Open Knowledge Transfer System - stage II: Open Research Data' project is co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the Operational Program Digital Poland 2014-2020
The Beta-Model Problem: The Incompatibility of X-ray and Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect Model Fitting for Galaxy Clusters
Creators: name: Hallman, Eric J.
name: Burns, Jack O.
name: Motl, Patrick M.
name: Norman, Michael L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed a large sample of numerically simulated clusters to demonstrate the adverse effects resulting from use of X-ray fitted beta-model parameters with Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) data. There is a fundamental incompatibility between model fits to X-ray surface brightness profiles and those done with SZE profiles. Since observational SZE radial profiles are in short supply, the X-ray parameters are often used in SZE analysis. We show that this leads to biased estimates of the integrated Compton y-parameter inside r_{500} calculated from clusters. We suggest a simple correction of the method, using a non-isothermal beta-model modified by a universal temperature profile, which brings these calculated quantities into closer agreement with the true values.
description: Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal, 10 pages, 9 figures, emulateapj style
Nonequilibrium phase transition due to social group isolation
Creators: name: Sienkiewicz, Julian
name: Holyst, Janusz A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple model of a growing system with $m$ competing communities. The model corresponds to the phenomenon of defeats suffered by social groups living in isolation. A nonequilibrium phase transition is observed when at critical time $t_c$ the first isolated cluster occurs. In the one-dimensional system the volume of the new phase, i.e. the number of the isolated individuals, increases with time as $Z \sim t^3$. For a large number of possible communities the critical density of filled space equals to $ρ_c = (m/N)^{1/3}$ where $N$ is the system size. A similar transition is observed for Erdős-Rényi random graphs and Barabási-Albert scale-free networks. Analytic results are in agreement with numerical simulations.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Deep near-IR variability survey of pre-main-sequence stars in Rho Ophiuchi
Creators: name: de Oliveira, Catarina Alves
name: Casali, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variability is a common characteristic of pre-main-sequence stars (PMS). Near-IR variability surveys of young stellar objects (YSOs) can probe stellar and circumstellar environments and provide information about the dynamics of the on going magnetic and accretion processes. Furthermore, variability can be used as a tool to uncover new cluster members in star formation regions. We hope to achieve the deepest near-IR variability study of YSOs targeting the Rho Ophiuchi cluster. Fourteen epochs of observations were obtained with the Wide Field Camera (WFCAM) at the UKIRT telescope scheduled in a manner that allowed the study of variability on timescales of days, months, and years. Statistical tools, such as the multi-band cross correlation index and the reduced chi-square, were used to disentangle signals of variability from noise. Variability characteristics are compared to existing models of YSOs in order to relate them to physical processes, and then used to select new candidate members of this star-forming region. Variability in the near-IR is found to be present in 41% of the known population of Rho Ophiuchi recovered in our sample. The behaviours shown are several and can be associated with the existence of spots on the stellar surface, variations in circumstellar extinction, or changes in the geometry of an accretion disc. Using variability, a new population of objects has been uncovered that is believed to be part of the Rho Ophiuchi cluster.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
ISGT Europe 2022 panel session 9: Modelling of flexibility and DER integration for low-carbon communities (Slides)
Creators: L. Gruber
M. Troncia
I. Kockar
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

The launch of the EU European Union�s Clean Energy for All Europeans Package resulted in a major increase in public and research interest in energy communities. One of the goals is to involve citizens in the transition to a carbon-neutral future. This shift in how we consume and generate electricity has a significant impact on how the future distribution system must operate. Modelling this pathway as realistically as possible is a crucial but complex step. Many new aspects must be incorporated into the models, such as local markets and peer-to-peer trading, aggregators managing an energy community or even creating a virtual power plant to manage devices, the transition to e-mobility and alternative fuels, sector coupling, particularly with heating moving more toward electricity, and flexibility measures such as demand side response.
The launch of the EU European Union�s Clean Energy for All Europeans Package resulted in a major increase in public and research interest in energy communities. One of the goals is to involve citizens in the transition to a carbon-neutral future. This shift in how we consume and generate electricity has a significant impact on how the future distribution system must operate. Modelling this pathway as realistically as possible is a crucial but complex step. Many new aspects must be incorporated into the models, such as local markets and peer-to-peer trading, aggregators managing an energy community or even creating a virtual power plant to manage devices, the transition to e-mobility and alternative fuels, sector coupling, particularly with heating moving more toward electricity, and flexibility measures such as demand side response.
ISGT Europe 2022 super session 2: Resilience and Reliability of Electricity and Gas Networks Under Extreme Events (Slides)
Creators: M. Ghazavi Dozein
J. Cremer
C. Vournas
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Extreme events such as droughts, wildfires, polar vortex, hurricanes, and cyberattacks have caused stressful conditions and even catastrophic failures of energy systems in recent years. It is essential to maintain reliable and resilient operation of multiple energy system including bulk power systems and natural gas systems during extreme events. This panel will discuss extreme event impacts on electrical and gas energy systems as well as resilience modeling and evaluation methods. Internationally recognized experts from academia, research labs, and industry will share their original ideas and insights on this challenging topic.
Extreme events such as droughts, wildfires, polar vortex, hurricanes, and cyberattacks have caused stressful conditions and even catastrophic failures of energy systems in recent years. It is essential to maintain reliable and resilient operation of multiple energy system including bulk power systems and natural gas systems during extreme events. This panel will discuss extreme event impacts on electrical and gas energy systems as well as resilience modeling and evaluation methods. Internationally recognized experts from academia, research labs, and industry will share their original ideas and insights on this challenging topic.
Spin-Based Quantum Computers made by Chemistry: Hows and Whys
Creators: name: Stamp, Philip C. E.
name: Gaita-Ariño, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This introductory review discusses the main problems facing the attempt to build quantum information processing systems (like quantum computers) from spin-based qubits. We emphasize 'bottom-up' attempts using methods from chemistry. The essentials of quantum computing are explained, along with a description of the qubits and their interactions in terms of physical spin qubits. The main problem to be overcome is decoherence - how this works is described, along with ways to suppress contributions from spin bath and oscillator bath environments, and from dipolar interactions. Finally we discuss various strategies for making chemistry-based spin qubits, using both magnetic molecules and magnetic ions.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
ISGT Europe 2022 panel session 12: The Economics of Decarbonization: Optimizing Pathways to Net-Zero Emissions Energy Systems (Slides)
Creators: A. Arab
M. Baggu
V. Terzija
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Decarbonization of the world economy is one of the grand challenges of the 21st century. Transitioning to net-zero emissions (NZE) energy systems by the middle of this century is at the center of this challenge. Achieving NZE milestone by 2050 requires a set of policies, technologies, and economic solutions to design realistic decarbonization targets that can be achieved under time and economic constraints. There is a wide range of transition pathways that can be adopted to achieve decarbonization targets. The adopted pathway, however, will directly impact the decarbonization timeline and economic variables for stakeholders in the process. Reaching these targets without considering the short-, medium-, and long-term economic costs and benefits of reaching and maintaining these targets can result in serious impediment to sustainability of NZE energy systems. Therefore, the economics of decarbonization should be incorporated in technological solutions to streamline their success. This panel intends to address this issue.
Decarbonization of the world economy is one of the grand challenges of the 21st century. Transitioning to net-zero emissions (NZE) energy systems by the middle of this century is at the center of this challenge. Achieving NZE milestone by 2050 requires a set of policies, technologies, and economic solutions to design realistic decarbonization targets that can be achieved under time and economic constraints. There is a wide range of transition pathways that can be adopted to achieve decarbonization targets. The adopted pathway, however, will directly impact the decarbonization timeline and economic variables for stakeholders in the process. Reaching these targets without considering the short-, medium-, and long-term economic costs and benefits of reaching and maintaining these targets can result in serious impediment to sustainability of NZE energy systems. Therefore, the economics of decarbonization should be incorporated in technological solutions to streamline their success. This panel intends to address this issue.
Measurement of $^{216}$Po half-life with the CUPID-0 experiment
Creators: name: Azzolini, O.
name: Beeman, J. W.
name: Bellini, F.
name: Beretta, M.
name: Biassoni, M.
name: Brofferio, C.
name: Bucci, C.
name: Capelli, S.
name: Cardani, L.
name: Carniti, P.
name: Caracciolo, V.
name: Casali, N.
name: Chiesa, D.
name: Clemenza, M.
name: Colantoni, I.
name: Cremonesi, O.
name: Cruciani, A.
name: Dafinei, I.
name: D'Addabbo, A.
name: Di Domizio, S.
name: Ferroni, F.
name: Gironi, L.
name: Giuliani, A.
name: Gorla, P.
name: Gotti, C.
name: Keppel, G.
name: Martinez, M.
name: Nagorny, S.
name: Nastasi, M.
name: Nisi, S.
name: Nones, C.
name: Orlandi, D.
name: Pagnanini, L.
name: Pallavicini, M.
name: Pattavina, L.
name: Pavan, M.
name: Pessina, G.
name: Pettinacci, V.
name: Pirro, S.
name: Pozzi, S.
name: Previtali, E.
name: Puiu, A.
name: Rusconi, C.
name: Schaffner, K.
name: Tomei, C.
name: Vignati, M.
name: Zolotarova, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare event physics demands very detailed background control, high-performance detectors, and custom analysis strategies. Cryogenic calorimeters combine all these ingredients very effectively, representing a promising tool for next-generation experiments. CUPID-0 is one of the most advanced examples of such a technique, having demonstrated its potential with several results obtained with limited exposure. In this paper, we present a further application. Exploiting the analysis of delayed coincidence, we can identify the signals caused by the $^{220}$Rn-$^{216}$Po decay sequence on an event-by-event basis. The analysis of these events allows us to extract the time differences between the two decays, leading to a new evaluation of $^{216}$ half-life, estimated as (143.3 $\pm$ 2.8) ms.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Transport in disordered graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Martin, Ivar
name: Blanter, Ya. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study electronic transport in graphene nanoribbons with rough edges. We first consider a model of weak disorder that corresponds to an armchair ribbon whose width randomly changes by a single unit cell size. We find that in this case, the low-temperature conductivity is governed by an effective one-dimensional hopping between segments of distinct band structure. We then provide numerical evidence and qualitative arguments that similar behavior also occurs in the limit of strong uncorrelated boundary disorder.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. version as published in PRB
Blow up of smooth highly decreasing at infinity solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Rozanova, Olga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53Q30

description: We prove that the smooth solutions to the Cauchy problem for the Navier-Stokes equations with conserved mass, total energy and finite momentum of inertia loses the initial smoothness within a finite time in the case of space of dimension 3 or greater even if the initial data are not compactly supported.
description: 14 pages, submitted
title: Die tatsächliche Verständigung als Instrument im Besteuerungs- und Steuerstrafverfahren
title: The tatsächliche Verständigung (factual agreement in German tax law) as an instrument in Geman taxation and criminal tax proceedings
Creators: name: Wachsmuth, Stephan
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 340 Recht

description: Ziel der Arbeit ist es das für die Steuerpraxis enorm bedeutsame Instrument der tatsächlichen Verständigung dogmatisch einzuordnen und deren Kriterien herauszuarbeiten. Die tatsächliche Verständigung ist insbesondere in Verfahren der steuerlichen Betriebsprüfung und der Steuerfahndung von Bedeutung, wenn über im Nachhinein nicht erforschbare Sachverhalte aufgrund der vorhandenen Beweismittel keine zureichende Bestimmtheit erlangt werden kann. Problematisch erscheint vor diesem Hintergrund, dass die bestehenden rechtlichen Anforderungen nicht im Verhältnis zur praktischen Bedeutung des Instruments stehen und in der Folge zahlreiche offene Fragen bestehen. Insbesondere auch das Verhältnis zum Strafrecht und der dort vorherrschenden - und vom Steuerrecht abweichenden - Verfahrensgrundsätze und Beweisregelungen führen dabei zu Konflikten, welche zu lösen sind. Zentrale Fragestellungen sind dabei, ob eine Verständigung im Besteuerungsverfahren überhaupt möglich ist und wenn ja, welche Voraussetzungen an diese zu stellen sind. Schließlich wird auch auf die Frage eingegangen, ob eine Verknüpfung dieser Verständigung mit einem Steuerstrafverfahren möglich ist. Die Arbeit untersucht die Anforderungen, welche an eine tatsächliche Verständigung als Instrument im Besteuerungsverfahren gestellt werden. Dabei wird insbesondere auf die Zulässigkeit und die Grenzen von Verständigungen und kooperativem Verwaltungshandeln im Steuerrecht eingegangen. Diese werden anhand der verfassungsrechtlichen und abgaberechtlichen Grundlagen bestimmt. Die Entwicklung der Rechtsprechung und der Verwaltungsauffassung wird dabei nachvollzogen und unter Auswertung der hierzu ergangenen Fachliteratur gewürdigt. Schließlich werden auch auf die Anforderungen von Verständigungen im Strafverfahren beleuchtet und die Möglichkeit untersucht inwiefern die steuerrechtliche tatsächliche Verständigung hier verwertet werden kann.
description: The paper deals with the instrument of factual agreement in German tax law, as a form of cooperative administrative action. It enables tax authorities and taxpayers to reach an agreement on unresolved issues. The thesis examines the prerequisites, requirements and limits of the instrument. In addition, its usability in criminal proceedings for tax evasion is examined.
Tachyon solutions in boundary and cubic string field theory
Creators: name: Calcagni, Gianluca
name: Nardelli, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct rolling tachyon solutions of open and boundary string field theory (OSFT and BSFT, respectively), in the bosonic and supersymmetric (susy) case. The wildly oscillating solution of susy OSFT is recovered, together with a family of time-dependent BSFT solutions for the bosonic and susy string. These are parametrized by an arbitrary constant r involved in solving the Green equation of the target fields. When r=0 we recover previous results in BSFT, whereas for r attaining the value predicted by OSFT it is shown that the bosonic OSFT solution is the derivative of the boundary one; in the supersymmetric case the relation between the two solutions is more complicated. This technical correspondence sheds some light on the nature of wild oscillations, which appear in both theories whenever r>0.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures; v3: shorter version, contents rearranged and simplified, spiky solution now discarded, novel interpretation of OSFT/BSFT relation; v4: published version
ISGT Europe 2022 panel session 7: Pushing the Boundaries of Real-Time Simulations for Validation of Future Complex Power Systems (Slides)
Creators: K. Sidwall
A. Paspatis
A. Genic
Z. Feng
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

The complexity of power systems is increasing with the fast emergence of active network controls, high penetrations of converter-connected generation, new digitization schemes, flexibility markets, and intelligent controls. At the same time, researchers and industrial practitioners have increasingly considered controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL), power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL), and geographically distributed real-time simulation (GDRTS) for the real-time experimental validation of innovative schemes. However, to support the pace of transition required by climate policy commitments, there is a growing need to find novel techniques for real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimentation that can characterize the intricate dependencies and interactions between control schemes and power technologies, and across integrated energy systems as they operate under a vastly greater range of operating conditions. This panel session focuses on the key challenges for the real-time simulation and validation of complex power systems, and presents the advancements that are pushing beyond existing limitations towards high fidelity, trusted validation of future grid solutions. The panelists will comprise a mix of real-time simulator manufacturers, internationally recognized academic researchers in real-time simulations and HIL approaches, and industrial adopters.
The complexity of power systems is increasing with the fast emergence of active network controls, high penetrations of converter-connected generation, new digitization schemes, flexibility markets, and intelligent controls. At the same time, researchers and industrial practitioners have increasingly considered controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL), power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL), and geographically distributed real-time simulation (GDRTS) for the real-time experimental validation of innovative schemes. However, to support the pace of transition required by climate policy commitments, there is a growing need to find novel techniques for real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experimentation that can characterize the intricate dependencies and interactions between control schemes and power technologies, and across integrated energy systems as they operate under a vastly greater range of operating conditions. This panel session focuses on the key challenges for the real-time simulation and validation of complex power systems, and presents the advancements that are pushing beyond existing limitations towards high fidelity, trusted validation of future grid solutions. The panelists will comprise a mix of real-time simulator manufacturers, internationally recognized academic researchers in real-time simulations and HIL approaches, and industrial adopters.
Slides for: Impact of Customer Actions on the Distribution Grid: Part 2
Creators: Doug Houseman
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2022

Slides for Impact of Customer Actions on the Distribution Grid: Part 2
The presentation draws from a large data set of actual North American Distribution Circuits and Substations to look at what happens and what is needed to make the energy transition. The underlying model has the ability to scale on a circuit by circuit basis solar PV, building electrification, energy storage, demand response, and electric vehicles. The presentation will focus on the �end state� of electrification in 2050.
Decoherence and Entanglement Dynamics of Coupled Qubits
Creators: name: Campagnano, G.
name: Hamma, A.
name: Weiss, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the entanglement dynamics and relaxation properties of a system of two interacting qubits in the two cases (I) two independent bosonic baths and (II) one common bath, at temperature T. The entanglement dynamics is studied in terms of the concurrence C (t) between the two spins and of the von Neumann entropy S(t) with respect to the bath, as a function of time. We prove that the system does thermalize. In the case (II) of a single bath, the existence of a decoherence-free (DFS) subspace makes entanglement dynamics very rich. We show that when the system is initially in a state with a component in the DFS the relaxation time is surprisingly long, showing the existence of semi-decoherence free subspaces. The equilibrium state in this case is not the Gibbs state. The entanglement dynamics for the single bath case is also studied as a function of temperature, coupling strength with the environment and strength of tunneling coupling. The case of the mixed state is finally shown and discussed.
description: improved version with all the details and study in function of temperature, coupling strengths and the study of the mixed state case
Investigation of panel crack formation in steel ingots using mathematical and physical models
Creators: name: Thomas, Brian Gordon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: An investigation of panel crack formation in steel ingots was undertaken to improve understanding of the mechanisms by which they develop and to evaluate possible solutions to the problem. The investigation revealed that two distinct types of panel cracks, both of which are partly caused by intermediate-temperature embrittlement of steel involving aluminum nitride precipitation, operate under different mechanisms. Isothermal, physical modelling experiments were conducted to determine the flow patterns, velocity profiles and flame geometry in a bottom-fired soaking pit and the resultant effects on heat transfer. An investigation involving comparison with analytical solutions determined the optimum numerical method to employ for the mathematical modelling of complex, two-dimensional, transient, heat-conduction problems. This method was formulated to calculate the temperature distribution in a steel ingot during the various processing stages from initial casting up to rolling and was verified with industrial measurements. A transient, elasto-visco-plastic, thermal-stress model employing the finite-element method was formulated, developed and verified using analytical solutions. Based on the temperatures calculated by the finite-element, heat-transfer model as input data, the transient, internal stress state of the ingot was calculated, taking into account the effects of phase-transformation volume changes and kinetics, creep, and temperature-dependent mechanical property behavior. The simulated stress histories were found to be directly linked to the progress of the phase-transformation front and were used to clarify the role of stress generation in panel crack formation. Finally, the results of a metallurgical investigation of steel ingot samples containing off-corner panel cracks were synthesized with the results of the physical and mathematical models to determine mechanisms and to suggest solutions for the formation of both mid-face and off-corner panel cracks. Mid-face panel cracks are apparently formed during air cooling when the mid-face surface is between the Ar₁ and 500 °C. Off-corner panel cracks appear to initiate internally during the early stages of reheating, but do not propagate to the surface until air cooling after removal from the soaking pit.