cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stem Cells of the Aging Brain
Creators: name: Nicaise, Alexandra M.
name: Willis, Cory M.
name: Crocker, Stephen J.
name: Pluchino, Stefano
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neuroscience
neural stem cells
aging
senescence
cell metabolism
mitochondria
disease modeling
senotherapeutics

description: The adult central nervous system (CNS) contains resident stem cells within specific niches that maintain a self-renewal and proliferative capacity to generate new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout adulthood. Physiological aging is associated with a progressive loss of function and a decline in the self-renewal and regenerative capacities of CNS stem cells. Also, the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases is age, and current in vivo and in vitro models of neurodegenerative diseases rarely consider this. Therefore, combining both aging research and appropriate interrogation of animal disease models towards the understanding of the disease and age-related stem cell failure is imperative to the discovery of new therapies. This review article will highlight the main intrinsic and extrinsic regulators of neural stem cell (NSC) aging and discuss how these factors impact normal homeostatic functions within the adult brain. We will consider established in vivo animal and in vitro human disease model systems, and then discuss the current and future trajectories of novel senotherapeutics that target aging NSCs to ameliorate brain disease.
MOESM6 of The RNA-binding ubiquitin ligase MKRN1 functions in ribosome-associated quality control of poly(A) translation
Creators: name: Hildebrandt, Andrea
name: Brüggemann, Mirko
name: Rücklé, Cornelia
name: Boerner, Susan
name: Heidelberger, Jan
name: Busch, Anke
name: Hänel, Heike
name: Voigt, Andrea
name: Möckel, Martin
name: Ebersberger, Stefanie
name: Scholz, Anica
name: Dold, Annabelle
name: Schmid, Tobias
name: Ebersberger, Ingo
name: Jean-Yves Roignant
name: Zarnack, Kathi
name: König, Julian
name: Beli, Petra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 6: Review history. (DOCX 34 kb)
A rapidly declining transient discovered with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
Creators: name: Tominaga, Nozomu
name: Morokuma, Tomoki
name: Tanaka, Masaomi
name: Yasuda, Naoki
name: Furusawa, Hisanori
name: Tanaka, Masayuki
name: Jiang, Ji-an
name: Tolstov, Alexey
name: Blinnikov, Sergei
name: Doi, Mamoru
name: Iwata, Ikuru
name: Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo
name: Moriya, Takashi J.
name: Nagao, Tohru
name: Nomoto, Ken'ichi
name: Noumaru, Junichi
name: Takata, Tadafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a high-cadence transient survey with Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC), which we call the Subaru HSC survey Optimized for Optical Transients (SHOOT). We conduct HSC imaging observations with time intervals of about one hour on two successive nights, and spectroscopic and photometric follow-up observations. A rapidly declining blue transient SHOOT14di at $z=0.4229$ is found in observations on two successive nights with an image subtraction technique. The rate of brightness change is $+1.28^{+0.40}_{-0.27}~{\rm mag~day^{-1}}$ ($+1.83^{+0.57}_{-0.39}~{\rm mag~day^{-1}}$) in the observer (rest) frame and the rest-frame color between $3400$ and $4400~\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}$ is $M_{\rm 3400\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}-M_{\rm 4400\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}=-0.4$. The nature of the object is investigated by comparing its peak luminosity, decline rate, and color with those of transients and variables previously observed, and those of theoretical models. None of the transients or variables share the same properties as SHOOT14di. Comparisons with theoretical models demonstrate that, while the emission from the cooling envelope of a Type IIb supernova shows a slower decline rate than SHOOT14di, and the explosion of a red supergiant star with a dense circumstellar wind shows a redder color than SHOOT14di, the shock breakout at the stellar surface of the explosion of a $25M_{\odot}$ red supergiant star with a small explosion energy of $\leq0.4\times10^{51}$ erg reproduces the multicolor light curve of SHOOT14di. This discovery shows that a high-cadence, multicolor optical transient survey at intervals of about one hour, and continuous and immediate follow-up observations, is important for studies of normal core-collapse supernovae at high redshifts.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Lung Injury Is a Predictor of Cerebral Hypoxia and Mortality in Traumatic Brain Injury
Creators: name: Robba, Chiara
name: Asgari, Shadnaz
name: Gupta, Amit
name: Badenes, Rafael
name: Sekhon, Mypinder
name: Bequiri, Erta
name: Hutchinson, Peter J.
name: Pelosi, Paolo
name: Gupta, Arun
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Neurology
mortality outcome
traumatic brain injury
cerebral oxygenation
partial arterial oxygen pressure
lung injury
hypoxia threshold

description: Background: A major contributor to unfavorable outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is secondary brain injury. Low brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) has shown to be an independent predictor of unfavorable outcome. Although PbtO2 provides clinicians with an understanding of the ischemic and non-ischemic derangements of brain physiology, its value does not take into consideration systemic oxygenation that can influence patients' outcomes. This study analyses brain and systemic oxygenation and a number of related indices in TBI patients: PbtO2, partial arterial oxygenation pressure (PaO2), PbtO2/PaO2, ratio of PbtO2 to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), and PaO2/FiO2. The primary aim of this study was to identify independent risk factors for cerebral hypoxia. Secondary goal was to determine whether any of these indices are predictors of mortality outcome in TBI patients. Materials and Methods: A single-centre retrospective cohort study of 70 TBI patients admitted to the Neurocritical Care Unit (NCCU) at Cambridge University Hospital in 2014–2018 and undergoing advanced neuromonitoring including invasive PbtO2 was conducted. Three hundred and three simultaneous measurements of PbtO2, PaO2, PbtO2/PaO2, PbtO2/FiO2, PaO2/FiO2 were collected and mortality at discharge from NCCU was considered as outcome. Generalized estimating equations were used to analyse the longitudinal data. Results: Our results showed PbtO2 of 28 mmHg as threshold to define cerebral hypoxia. PaO2/FiO2 found to be a strong and independent risk factor for cerebral hypoxia when adjusting for confounding factor of intracranial pressure (ICP) with adjusted odds ratio of 1.78, 95% confidence interval of (1.10–2.87) and p-value = 0.019. With respect to TBI outcome, compromised values of PbtO2, PbtO2/PaO2, PbtO2/FiO2, and PaO2/FiO2 were all independent predictors of mortality while considered individually and adjusting for confounding factors of ICP, age, gender, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP). However, when considering all the compromised values together, only PaO2/FiO2 became an independent predictor of mortality with adjusted odds ratio of 3.47 (1.20–10.04) and p-value = 0.022. Conclusions: Brain and Lung interaction in TBI patients is a complex interrelationship. PaO2/FiO2 seems to be a major determinant of cerebral hypoxia and mortality. These results confirm the importance of employing ventilator strategies to prevent cerebral hypoxia and improve the outcome in TBI patients.
3D Hybrid Scaffolds Based on PEDOT:PSS/MWCNT Composites
Creators: name: Jayaram, Akhila K.
name: Pitsalidis, Charalampos
name: Tan, Ellasia
name: Moysidou, Chrysanthi-Maria
name: De Volder, Michael F. L.
name: Kim, Ji-Seon
name: Owens, Roisin M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Chemistry
carbon nanotubes
conducting scaffolds
porous
PEDOT:PSS
electrode

description: Conducting polymer scaffolds combine the soft-porous structures of scaffolds with the electrical properties of conducting polymers. In most cases, such functional systems are developed by combining an insulating scaffold matrix with electrically conducting materials in a 3D hybrid network. However, issues arising from the poor electronic properties of such hybrid systems, hinder their application in many areas. This work reports on the design of a 3D electroactive scaffold, which is free of an insulating matrix. These 3D polymer constructs comprise of a water soluble conducting polymer (PEDOT:PSS) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The insertion of the MWCNTs in the 3D polymer matrix directly contributes to the electron transport efficiency, resulting in a 7-fold decrease in resistivity values. The distribution of CNTs, as characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy, further define the micro- and nano-structural topography while providing active sites for protein attachment, thereby rendering the system suitable for biological/sensing applications. The resulting scaffolds, combine high porosity, mechanical stability and excellent conducting properties, thus can be suitable for a variety of applications ranging from tissue engineering and biomedical devices to (bio-) energy storage.
HY5 is not integral to light mediated stomatal development in Arabidopsis
Creators: name: Zoulias, Nicholas
name: Brown, Jordan
name: Rowe, James
name: Casson, Stuart A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences

description: Light is a crucial signal that regulates many aspects of plant physiology and growth including the development of stomata, the pores in the epidermal surface of the leaf. Light signals positively regulate stomatal development leading to changes in stomatal density and stomatal index (SI; the proportion of cells in the epidermis that are stomata). Both phytochrome and cryptochrome photoreceptors are required to regulate stomatal development in response to light. The transcription factor ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) is a key regulator of light signalling, acting downstream of photoreceptors. We hypothesised that HY5 could regulate stomatal development in response to light signals due to the putative presence of HY5 binding sites in the promoter of the STOMAGEN (STOM) gene, which encodes a peptide regulator of stomatal development. Our analysis shows that HY5 does have the potential to regulate the STOM promoter in vitro and that HY5 is expressed in both the epidermis and mesophyll. However, analysis of hy5 and hy5 hyh double mutants (HYH; HY5-HOMOLOG), found that they had normal stomatal development under different light conditions and the expression of stomatal developmental genes was not perturbed following light shift experiments. Analysis of stable lines overexpressing HY5 also showed no change in stomatal development or the expression of stomatal developmental genes. We therefore conclude that whilst HY5 has the potential to regulate the expression of STOM, it does not have a major role in regulating stomatal development in response to light signals.
Norovirus infection results in eIF2α independent host translation shut-off and remodels the G3BP1 interactome evading stress granule formation
Creators: name: Brocard, Michèle
name: Iadevaia, Valentina
name: Klein, Philipp
name: Hall, Belinda
name: Lewis, Glenys
name: Lu, Jia
name: Burke, James
name: Willcocks, Margaret M.
name: Parker, Roy
name: Goodfellow, Ian G.
name: Ruggieri, Alessia
name: Locker, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Medicine and health sciences
Research and analysis methods

description: Viral infections impose major stress on the host cell. In response, stress pathways can rapidly deploy defence mechanisms by shutting off the protein synthesis machinery and triggering the accumulation of mRNAs into stress granules to limit the use of energy and nutrients. Because this threatens viral gene expression, viruses need to evade these pathways to propagate. Human norovirus is responsible for gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Here we examined how norovirus interacts with the eIF2α signaling axis controlling translation and stress granules. While norovirus infection represses host cell translation, our mechanistic analyses revealed that eIF2α signaling mediated by the stress kinase GCN2 is uncoupled from translational stalling. Moreover, infection results in a redistribution of the RNA-binding protein G3BP1 to replication complexes and remodelling of its interacting partners, allowing the avoidance from canonical stress granules. These results define novel strategies by which norovirus undergo efficient replication whilst avoiding the host stress response and manipulating the G3BP1 interactome.
A possible path to a new class of ferromagnetic and half metallic ferromagnetic materials
Creators: name: Elfimov, I. S.
name: Yunoki, S.
name: Sawatzky, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a path to a possibly new class of magnetic materials whose properties are determined entirely by the presence of a low concentration of specific point defects in their crystal structure. Using model Hamiltonian and ab-initio band structure methods we demonstrate that even large band gap nonmagnetic materials as simple as CaO can exhibit extraordinary properties like half metallic ferromagnetism upon introducing a small concentration of Ca vacancies. We show that such defects will initially bind the introduced charge carriers at neighboring sites and depending on the internal symmetry of the clusters formed by neighboring sites form "local" magnetic moments which for concentrations as low as 3% transform this non-magnetic insulator into a half metallic ferromagnet.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Considerações sobre Implantação de repositórios de dados científicos - cenário brasileiro
Creators: name: REZENDE, Laura Vilela Rodrigues
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Gestão de Dados Científicos
Dataverse Software
Core Trust Seal

description: Recomendações para implementação de repositórios de dados científicos considerando o cenário brasileiro. Buscou-se apresentar orientações para implementação de repositórios de dados científicos preferencialmente utilizando o software Dataverse com base nos requisitos da avaliação: Core Trust Seal.
Topic: Building Resilience to Climate Change Through Social Protection and Climate-Smart Agriculture: Synergies and Trade-offs
Creators: name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Savastano, Sara
name: Asfaw, Solomon
name: Savastano, Sara
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The main objective of this mini symposium is to present the results and ongoing work of a cross-country study of the impact of climate/weather shocks on household welfare and the potential value/role of social protection and climate-smart agriculture as a means to insure households under increasing climate shocks. This work is being carried out by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) in conjunction with the Centre of Economic and International Studies at the University of Rome Tor Vergata.
Abundances of Cu and Zn in metal-poor stars: clues for Galaxy evolution
Creators: name: Mishenina, T. V.
name: Kovtyukh, V. V.
name: Soubiran, C.
name: Travaglio, C.
name: Busso, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new observations of copper and zinc abundances in 90 metal-poor stars, belonging to the metallicity range -3< [Fe/H] < -0.5. The present study is based on high resolution spectroscopic measurements collected at the Haute Provence Observatoire (R= 42000, S/N > 100). The trend of Cu and Zn abundances as a function of the metallicity [Fe/H] is discussed and compared to that of other heavy elements beyond iron. We also estimate spatial velocities and galactic orbital parameters for our target stars in order to disentangle the population of disk stars from that of halo stars using kinematic criteria. In the absence of a firm a priori knowledge of the nucleosynthesis mechanisms controlling Cu and Zn production, and of the relative stellar sites, we derive constraints on these last from the trend of the observed ratios [Cu/Fe] and [Zn/Fe] throughout the history of the Galaxy, as well as from a few well established properties of basic nucleosynthesis processes in stars. We thus confirm that the production of Cu and Zn requires a number of different sources (neutron captures in massive stars, s-processing in low and intermediate mass stars, explosive nucleosynthesis in various supernova types). We also attempt a ranking of the relative roles played by different production mechanisms, and verify these hints through a simple estimate of the galactic enrichment in Cu and Zn. In agreement with suggestions presented earlier, we find evidence that Type Ia Supernovae must play a relevant role, especially for the production of Cu.
description: Accepted for A&A, 27 pages, 14 figures
Can agricultural traders be trusted? Evidence from Ethiopia
Creators: name: Assefa, Thomas
name: Minten, Bart J.
name: Assefa, Thomas
name: Minten, Bart J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: coffee
subject: traders
subject: trust
subject: modern marketing
subject: traditional marketing
subject: government regulation

description: Traditional food marketing systems in developing countries are presumed to suffer from a number of deficiencies. Policy makers therefore often try to regulate them and modern private market arrangements are increasingly emerging to help deal with some of the deficiencies. However, it is unclear if and to what extent regulation and modernization affects governance of these markets. We look in this paper at the case of coffee in urban markets in Ethiopia. We find no significant cheating with weights but there is illegal trade, with significant non-allowed trade of export quality coffee in local markets, and a consistent pattern of mis-representation of not easily verifiable quality characteristics. We further find that modernizing marketing formats, including modern retail, and branded and packaged products, deliver higher quality (at a high price) but they are not more trustworthy than traditional ones along these three dimensions.
MOESM2 of Clinicopathologic and microenvironmental analysis of primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders: a 26 year experience from an academic medical center in Brazil
Creators: name: Cristiane Ferreira
name: Shuchun Zhao
name: Sanches, José
name: Miyashiro, Denis
name: Cury-Martins, Jade
name: Raymundo Azevedo
name: Zerbini, Maria
name: Yasodha Natkunam
name: Gratzinger, Dita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Correlation among PD-L1 staining, distribution of TILs, and time until relapse (Cox proportional hazards regression)
Avoid jumping to conclusions under uncertainty in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Creators: name: Morein-Zamir, Sharon
name: Shapher, Sonia
name: Gasull-Camos, Julia
name: Fineberg, Naomi A.
name: Robbins, Trevor W.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods

description: High levels of intolerance of uncertainty (IU) could contribute to abnormal decision making in uncertain situations. Patients with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) often report high IU, indecisiveness and the need to seek greater certainty before making decisions. The Beads task is a commonly used task assessing the degree of information gathering prior to making a decision and so would be predicted to show impairments in OCD patients. Results to date have found mixed support for this, possibility due to methodological issues. Here, a group of OCD patients (n = 50) with no comorbidities was compared with age, gender, and verbal-IQ matched controls (n = 50) on the most commonly used version of the Beads task. An independent sample of healthy volunteers with high versus low OC symptoms, and high versus low IU were also assessed (n = 125). There was no evidence that patients with OCD differed from control volunteers in the degree of information gathering prior to making a decision. Medication status and age did not appear to mediate performance. Similarly, there were no association in healthy volunteers between task performance and OC or IU characteristics. Additional measures examining the degree of certainty initially showed support for greater uncertainty in patients, but this was due to deviations from task instructions in a subset of patients. We conclude that despite the large sample size and good matching between groups, the Beads task in its most widely used form is not a useful measure of IU or of information gathering in OCD. The results argue against a robust behavioural difference in OCD when compared to controls. Recommendations for future studies employing the task are discussed.
MOESM1 of Clinicopathologic and microenvironmental analysis of primary cutaneous CD30-positive lymphoproliferative disorders: a 26 year experience from an academic medical center in Brazil
Creators: name: Cristiane Ferreira
name: Shuchun Zhao
name: Sanches, José
name: Miyashiro, Denis
name: Cury-Martins, Jade
name: Raymundo Azevedo
name: Zerbini, Maria
name: Yasodha Natkunam
name: Gratzinger, Dita
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. PD-L1 expression in tumor cells and Tumor Associated Macrophages (TAMs) of LyP and pc-ALCL groups
Does price volatility matter? An assessment along EU food chains
Creators: name: Assefa, Tsion
name: Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Meuwissen, Miranda
name: Assefa, Tsion
name: Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.
name: Meuwissen, Miranda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Price volatility perceptions
subject: management strategies
subject: European food supply chains
subject: in-depth interviews.

description: Agricultural prices in European food markets have become substantially more volatile over the past decade thereby exposing agribusinesses to risk and uncertainty. How food chain actors perceive and manage the risk from price volatility remained unexplored so far. We interviewed farmers, wholesalers, processors and retailers in six European food supply chains on their price volatility perceptions and management strategies. Contrary to common belief, findings show that price volatility matters not only to farmers but to all food chain actors. Actors perceive a more than 15% deviation of prices from their expected levels as price volatility. We further show that three factors determine whether price volatility is perceived as risky: the persistence, the reason and the direction of price deviations. Price volatility management strategies in EU food chains are very diverse and well beyond futures and forward contracts. The scope for policy interventions is identified based on strategy gaps identified in the chains.
The New Cosmology: Mid-term Report Card for Inflation
Creators: name: Turner, Michael S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inflation has been the driving idea in cosmology for two decades and is a pillar of the New Cosmology. The inflationary paradigm has now passed its first round of significant tests, with two of its three basics predictions confirmed at about the 10% level. The Inflationary Paradigm has some of the truth. Over the next decade the precision of these tests, most of which involve measurements of CMB anisotropy and polarization, will improve 30 fold or more(!), testing inflation more sharply and possibly elucidating the underlying cause. Especially important in this regard is detecting the inflation-produced gravitational waves, either directly or through their CMB polarization signature. While inflation has by no means been verified, its successes have raised the bar for competitor theories: Any alternative must feature the two hallmarks of inflation: superluminal expansion and entropy production.
description: 20 pages LaTeX. To appear in a special issue of the journal Annales Henri Poincare (2003), edited by V. Rivasseau. Proceedings of the Th2002 Congress (Paris, France, July 2002)
General continuum model for twisted bilayer graphene and arbitrary smooth deformations
Creators: name: Balents, Leon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple derivation of a continuum Hamiltonian for bilayer graphene with an arbitrary smooth lattice deformation -- technically in a fashion parametrized by displacement fields with small gradients. We show that this subsumes the continuum model of Bistritzer and Macdonald for twisted bilayer grapheneas well as many generalizations and extensions of it. The derivation is carried out entirely in real space.
Isolated zeros destroy Fermi surface in holographic models with a lattice
Creators: name: Balm, Floris
name: Krikun, Alexander
name: Romero-Bermúdez, Aurelio
name: Schalm, Koenraad
name: Zaanen, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the fermionic spectral density in a strongly correlated quantum system described by a gravity dual. In the presence of periodically modulated chemical potential, which models the effect of the ionic lattice, we explore the shapes of the corresponding Fermi surfaces, defined by the location of peaks in the spectral density at the Fermi level. We find that at strong lattice potentials sectors of the Fermi surface are unexpectedly destroyed and the Fermi surface becomes an arc-like disconnected manifold. We explain this phenomenon in terms of a collision of the Fermi surface pole with zeros of the fermionic Green's function, which are explicitly computable in the holographic dual.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, plus appendices; v2: references added
A background correction method to compensate illumination variation in hyperspectral imaging
Creators: name: Yoon, Jonghee
name: Grigoroiu, Alexandru
name: Bohndiek, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology

description: Funder: FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011264; Grant(s): FP7-PEOPLE-2013-CIG-630729
description: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) can measure both spatial (morphological) and spectral (biochemical) information from biological tissues. While HSI appears promising for biomedical applications, interpretation of hyperspectral images can be challenging when data is acquired in complex biological environments. Variations in surface topology or optical power distribution at the sample, encountered for example during endoscopy, can lead to errors in post-processing of the HSI data, compromising disease diagnostic capabilities. Here, we propose a background correction method to compensate for such variations, which estimates the optical properties of illumination at the target based on the normalised spectral profile of the light source and the measured HSI intensity values at a fixed wavelength where the absorption characteristics of the sample are relatively low (in this case, 800 nm). We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method by imaging blood samples, tissue-mimicking phantoms, and ex vivo chicken tissue. Moreover, using synthetic HSI data composed from experimentally measured spectra, we show the proposed method would improve statistical analysis of HSI data. The proposed method could help the implementation of HSI techniques in practical clinical applications, where controlling the illumination pattern and power is difficult.
title: Endangered Shorelines and Absent Solastalgia in Recent English, Irish, and Northern Irish Short Fiction
Creators: name: Kalthoff, Katharina Andrea
name: Windt-Wetzel, Leonie
Publisher: name: Graduate School Practices of Literature
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 800 Literature (Belles-lettres) and rhetoric

description: Angesichts der Klimakrise werden Phänomene wie starke Regenfälle, Überschwemmungen und Küstenerosion, die die englische und irische Küste betreffen, zunehmen und die bereits prekäre Lage der Landesränder verstärken. Im einundzwanzigsten Jahrhundert setzen sich englische und irische Kurzgeschichten mit dem Zusammenspiel von lokalen und globalen Entwicklungen auseinander, indem sie den Klimawandel narrativ mit dem Erbe der Kolonialzeit und anderen gesellschaftspolitischen Streitpunkten wie die Untätigkeit im Klimaschutz und der spaltenden Kraft des Brexit in Verbindung bringen. Mithilfe des literaturwissenschaftlichen Ansatzes der ›Econarratology‹ zeigen die Analysen in diesem Artikel, wie englische, irische und nordirische Kurzgeschichten unterschiedlich mit „Solastalgie“ umgehen, dem Unwohlsein (dis-ease), das entsteht, wenn sich unsere (räumliche/natürliche) Umwelt schwerwiegend verändert.
Women's Participation in Agricultural Cooperatives in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Woldu, Thomas
name: Tadesse, Fanaye
name: Woldu, Thomas
name: Tadesse, Fanaye
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Ethiopia
subject: cooperatives
subject: agricultural cooperatives
subject: women
subject: women’s empowerment
subject: women’s participation
subject: gender equality

description: Agricultural cooperatives hold much potential to enable economically weak farmers, in developing countries, to increase their collective bargaining power and so enhance their incomes. They provide input services and create market opportunities to their members’ products. In most developing countries, female farmers are marginalized from participating and benefiting from such groups. This paper uses a rich dataset from a survey undertaken by the Ethiopian Economic Association and the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in eight woredas in seven regions of Ethiopia with a sample of 1,117 households and 73 agricultural cooperatives. Using descriptive statistics and econometric analysis under a critical gender lens, the paper identifies which cooperative, household, and individual level characteristics influence women’s participation in agricultural cooperatives. The findings suggest that a major barrier to women’s access are gender biases within households, communities, and cooperatives themselves that favor educated male household heads and land owners over resource-poor women.
New SDW phases in quasi-one-dimensional systems dimerized in the transverse direction
Creators: name: Zanchi, D.
name: Bjelis, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin density wave instabilities in the quasi-one-dimensional metal (TMTSF)_2ClO_4 are studied in the framework a matrix random phase approximation for intra-band and inter-band order parameters. Depending on the anion ordering potential V which measures the lattice doubling in the transverse direction, two different instabilities are possible. The SDW_0 state at low values of V is antiferromagnetic in b direction and has the critical temperature that decreases rapidly with V. The degenerated states SDW_(+-), stable at higher values of V, are superpositions of two magnetic orders, each one on its subfamily of chains. As V increases the ratio between two components of SDW_(+-) tends to zero and the critical temperature increases asymptotically towards that of SDW instability for a system having perfect nesting and no anion order. At intermediate V the metallic state can persist down to T=0.
description: Submitted to Europhysics Letters
Search for the decay $K^+\to π^+ ν\barν$ in the momentum region $P_π< 195 {\rm ~MeV/c}$
Creators: name: E787 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have searched for the decay $K^+ \to π^+ ν\barν$ in the kinematic region with pion momentum below the $K^+ \to π^+ π^0$ peak. One event was observed, consistent with the background estimate of $0.73\pm 0.18$. This implies an upper limit on $B(K^+ \to π^+ ν\barν)< 4.2\times 10^{-9}$ (90% C.L.), consistent with the recently measured branching ratio of $(1.57^{+1.75}_{-0.82}) \times 10^{-10}$, obtained using the standard model spectrum and the kinematic region above the $K^+ \to π^+ π^0$ peak. The same data were used to search for $K^+ \to π^+ X^0$, where $X^0$ is a weakly interacting neutral particle or system of particles with $150 < M_{X^0} < 250 {\rm ~MeV/c^2}$.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Generation X and Generation Y. An approach of consumption values toward roses in the South of the State of Mexico
Creators: name: Rodriguez, J.
name: Hernandez, J.
name: Quevedo, D.
name: Rodriguez, J.
name: Hernandez, J.
name: Quevedo, D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Mexico
subject: roses
subject: perception
subject: segmentation
subject: generation X
subject: generation Y

description: This paper analyzes the consumer behavior of rose in the State of México, by evaluating perceptions. The objective of this study is to find out the role of each specific factor in the behavioral process that determine consumer perception toward roses. The difference in the rose consumption value is also compared in this study for consumer groups of people of different ages (Generation X and Generation Y). A total of 299 valid questionnaires from a consumer were used for the statistical analysis. The statistical results of the factor analysis revealed that perception, knowledge, service, perception, quality and daily life were the main consumption attributes in relation to roses. The results showed that perception of roses and knowledge are important attributes for Generation X. Also, the results indicate that Generation Y consumers view the price as the most important attribute at the moment to purchase roses, followed by the service.
Strong cosmic censorship for the Dirac field in the higher dimensional Reissner-Nordstrom--de Sitter black hole
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoyi
name: Van Vooren, Stijn
name: Zhang, Hongbao
name: Zhong, Zhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the strong cosmic censorship for the Dirac field in the higher dimensional Reissner-Norstrom--de Sitter black hole. To achieve this, we first use the conformal transformation trick to massage the Dirac equation to a pair of coupled equations in a meticulously chosen orthonormal basis and derive the criterion on the quasinormal modes for the violation of the strong cosmic censorship, which turns out to be independent of the spacetime dimension. Then we apply the Crank-Nicolson method to evolve our Dirac equation in the double null coordinates and extract the low-lying quasinormal modes from the evolution data by the Prony method. It is shown for the spacetime dimension $D=4, 5, 6$ under consideration that although the strong cosmic censorship is violated by the perturbation from the neutral Dirac field in the near-extremal black hole, the strong cosmic censorship can be restored when the charge of the Dirac field is increased beyond a critical value. The closer to the extremal limit the black hole is, the larger the critical charge of the Dirac field is.
description: version to appear in JHEP
Genomic profiling of human vascular cells identifies TWIST1 as a causal gene for common vascular diseases
Creators: name: Nurnberg, Sylvia T.
name: Guerraty, Marie A.
name: Wirka, Robert C.
name: Rao, H. Shanker
name: Pjanic, Milos
name: Norton, Scott
name: Serrano, Felipe
name: Perisic, Ljubica
name: Elwyn, Susannah
name: Pluta, John
name: Zhao, Wei
name: Testa, Stephanie
name: Park, YoSon
name: Nguyen, Trieu
name: Ko, Yi-An
name: Wang, Ting
name: Hedin, Ulf
name: Sinha, Sanjay
name: Barash, Yoseph
name: Brown, Christopher D.
name: Quertermous, Thomas
name: Rader, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Medicine and health sciences
Biology and life sciences

description: Genome-wide association studies have identified multiple novel genomic loci associated with vascular diseases. Many of these loci are common non-coding variants that affect the expression of disease-relevant genes within coronary vascular cells. To identify such genes on a genome-wide level, we performed deep transcriptomic analysis of genotyped primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMCs) and coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) from the same subjects, including splicing Quantitative Trait Loci (sQTL), allele-specific expression (ASE), and colocalization analyses. We identified sQTLs for TARS2, YAP1, CFDP1, and STAT6 in HCASMCs and HCAECs, and 233 ASE genes, a subset of which are also GTEx eGenes in arterial tissues. Colocalization of GWAS association signals for coronary artery disease (CAD), migraine, stroke and abdominal aortic aneurysm with GTEx eGenes in aorta, coronary artery and tibial artery discovered novel candidate risk genes for these diseases. At the CAD and stroke locus tagged by rs2107595 we demonstrate colocalization with expression of the proximal gene TWIST1. We show that disrupting the rs2107595 locus alters TWIST1 expression and that the risk allele has increased binding of the NOTCH signaling protein RBPJ. Finally, we provide data that TWIST1 expression influences vascular SMC phenotypes, including proliferation and calcification, as a potential mechanism supporting a role for TWIST1 in CAD.
Impact of Access to Credit on Agricultural Productivity: Evidence from Smallholder Cassava Farmers in Nigeria
Creators: name: Awotide, B.A.
name: Abdoulaye, Tahirou
name: Alene, Arega
name: Manyong, Victor M.
name: Awotide, B.A.
name: Abdoulaye, Tahirou
name: Alene, Arega
name: Manyong, Victor M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Credit
subject: Impact
subject: Cassava
subject: Productivity
subject: Farmers
subject: Nigeria

description: This study examines the impact of access to credit on agricultural productivity in Nigeria using the Endogenous Switching Regression Model (ESRM)). The first stage of the ESRM reveals that total livestock unit and farm size are positive and statistically significant in determining the farmers’ access to credit. The second stage reveals that total livestock unit and farm size are negative and statistically significant in explaining the variations in cassava productivity among the farmers that have access to credit, while household size, farm size, and access to information assets are negative and statistically significant in explaining the variation in cassava productivity among the farmers without access to credit. Access to credit has a significant positive impact on cassava productivity. Thus, credit institutions should consider boosting their credit services to rural farming households in order to guarantee that more households benefit from it.
Nonperturbative renormalization of the supercurrent in N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Bergner, Georg
name: Costa, M.
name: Panagopoulos, Haralambos
name: Piemonte, Stefano
name: Soler Calero, Ivan
name: Spanoudes, Gregoris
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: In this work, we study the nonperturbative renormalization of the supercurrent operator in N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, using a gauge-invariant renormalization scheme (GIRS). The proposed prescription addresses successfully the unwanted mixing of the supercurrent with other operators of equal or lower dimension, which respect the same global symmetries. This mixing is introduced by the unavoidable breaking of supersymmetry on the lattice. In GIRS all gauge-noninvariant operators, which mix with the supercurrent, are excluded from the renormalization procedure. The one remaining mixing operator is accessible by numerical simulations. We present results for the renormalization of the supercurrent using GIRS. We also compute at one-loop order the conversion matrix which relates the nonperturbative renormalization factors in GIRS to the reference scheme ¯¯¯¯¯¯MS.
Blade Products and the Angle Bivector of Subspaces
Creators: name: Mandolesi, André L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 15A75, 15A66

description: Principal angles are used to define an angle bivector of subspaces, which fully describes their relative inclination. Its exponential is related to the Clifford geometric product of blades, gives rotors connecting subspaces via minimal geodesics in Grassmannians, and decomposes giving Plücker coordinates, projection factors and angles with various subspaces. This leads to new geometric interpretations for this product and its properties, and to formulas relating other blade products (scalar, inner, outer, etc., including those of Grassmann algebra) to angles between subspaces. Contractions are linked to an asymmetric angle, while commutators and anticommutators involve hyperbolic functions of the angle bivector, shedding new light on their properties.
description: Some parts were reorganized for clarity, more details and proofs were included, and a new appendix has been added
How Much Education Is Needed to Delay Women's Age at Marriage and First Pregnancy?
Creators: name: Marphatia, Akanksha A.
name: Saville, Naomi M.
name: Amable, Gabriel S.
name: Manandhar, Dharma S.
name: Cortina-Borja, Mario
name: Wells, Jonathan C.
name: Reid, Alice M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Public Health
education
women's marriage age
age at first pregnancy
marriage to first childbearing interval
lowland Nepal

description: Background: Early childbirth is associated with adverse maternal and child health outcomes. In South Asia, where women generally marry before having children, public health efforts need to focus on delaying marriage. Female education is widely considered the primary means to achieve this. However, it remains unclear how much education is required to delay marriage to the universal minimum age of 18 years, or what predicts marriage age in women lacking any education. This is crucial to address in the Terai region of Nepal which has the highest proportion of children out of school and where girls marry and have their first pregnancy early. Methods: We analyzed data from 6,406 women aged 23–30 years from a cluster-randomized trial in lowland Terai Nepal. Using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models, we investigated associations between women's education level and age at marriage and first pregnancy, and the interval between these events. Among the uneducated women, we investigated associations of husband's education level with the same outcomes. Results: Compared to uneducated women, educated women had a greater probability of delaying marriage until the age of 18 years and of pregnancy until 20 years. Women needed to complete grade 9, and ideally 11, to substantially increase their odds of marrying after 18 years. Delaying first pregnancy to 20 years was largely due to marrying later; education had little extra effect. The association of marriage with first pregnancy age worked independently of education. However, later-marrying women, who generally had completed more education, had their first pregnancy sooner after marriage than earlier marrying women. Most uneducated women, regardless of their husbands' level of education, still married under the legal age of marriage. Conclusion: Delaying marriage to majority age requires greater efforts to ensure girls get to school in the first place, and complete secondary education. Since currently only 36% of girls in the Terai attend secondary school, parallel efforts to delay marriage are crucial to prevent early childbearing. Sexual and reproductive health programmes in school and in women's groups for married and uneducated adolescents may help prepare for marriage and pregnancy.
Localization with Limited Annotation for Chest X-rays
Creators: name: Rozenberg, Eyal
name: Freedman, Daniel
name: Bronstein, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Localization of an object within an image is a common task in medical imaging. Learning to localize or detect objects typically requires the collection of data which has been labelled with bounding boxes or similar annotations, which can be very time consuming and expensive. A technique which could perform such learning with much less annotation would, therefore, be quite valuable. We present such a technique for localization with limited annotation, in which the number of images with bounding boxes can be a small fraction of the total dataset (e.g. less than 1%); all other images only possess a whole image label and no bounding box. We propose a novel loss function for tackling this problem; the loss is a continuous relaxation of a well-defined discrete formulation of weakly supervised learning and is numerically well-posed. Furthermore, we propose a new architecture which accounts for both patch dependence and shift-invariance, through the inclusion of CRF layers and anti-aliasing filters, respectively. We apply our technique to the localization of thoracic diseases in chest X-ray images and demonstrate state-of-the-art localization performance on the ChestX-ray14 dataset.