cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anomalous thermodynamics and phase transitions of neutron-star matter
Creators: name: Chomaz, P.
name: Gulminelli, F.
name: Ducoin, C.
name: Napolitani, P.
name: Hasnaoui, K. H. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we show that the presence of the long-range Coulomb force in dense stellar matter implies that the total charge cannot be associated with a chemical potential, even if it is a conserved quantity. As a further consequence, the analytical properties of the partition sum are modified, changing the order of the phase transitions and affecting the possible occurrence of critical behaviours. The peculiar thermodynamic properties of the system can be understood introducing a model hamiltonian in which each charge is independently neutralized by a uniform background of opposite charge.
description: 4 pages - GANIL, LPC
Sustainable financing of protected areas in Cambodia: Phnom Aural and Phnom Samkos wildlife sanctuaries
Creators: name: Grieg-Gran, Maryanne
name: De La Harpe, Derek
name: McGinley, John
name: MacGregor, James
name: Bond, Ivan
name: Grieg-Gran, Maryanne
name: De La Harpe, Derek
name: McGinley, John
name: MacGregor, James
name: Bond, Ivan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Markets
subject: Economics
subject: Natural Resources
subject: Cambodia
subject: Wildlife

description: In order to increase protected area revenue, and as part of a drive for national economic development, the Cambodian government is starting to issue economic concessions in 'sustainable development zones' of of protected areas. The Phnom Aural and Phnom Samkos wildlife sanctuaries cover nearly 600,000 ha and are important for biodiversity conservation and environmental services. They are home to about 30,000 people who rely on subsistence agriculture, cattle raising, and collection of non-timber forest products for their livelihoods. Under the Cardamom Mountains Wildlife Sanctuaries Project, a joint project of the Cambodian Ministry of Environment and Fauna and Flora International, zoning plans have been developed for both sanctuaries through participatory consultation with local stakeholders. But the sanctuaries face threats from clearance of land by in-migrating settlers and the granting of economic concessions. Management of the wildlife sanctuaries is currently heavily dependent on donor finance and there is concern about post project sustainability. Thus there is a need to develop long-term sustainable finance for their management. Part of this challenge is demonstrating the value to Cambodia of continuing to protect the two sanctuaries. This will help to make the case for greater government support to the management of the sanctuaries whether through financial input or through discouraging/preventing economic activities that undermine the effectiveness of protection. This paper reports on a study to provide a set of options for the locally-derived sustainable financing of Phnom Samkos and Phnom Aural. The study has two main components: ecological services valuation - assessing the economic value of the direct and indirect ecosystem services provided by the two sanctuaries, and the potential costs/benefits of allowing continuing land conversion and illegal logging; and protected area financing - assessing the costs of maintaining management activities and recommendations for generating funds.
The non-detection of oscillations in Procyon by MOST: is it really a surprise?
Creators: name: Bedding, T. R.
name: Kjeldsen, H.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Bruntt, H.
name: Butler, R. P.
name: Buzasi, D. L.
name: Christensen-Dalsgaard, J.
name: Frandsen, S.
name: Lebrun, J. -C.
name: Martic, M.
name: Schou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the non-detection of oscillations in Procyon by the MOST satellite reported by Matthews et al. (2004) is fully consistent with published ground-based velocity observations of this star. We also examine the claims that the MOST observations represent the best photometric precision so far reported in the literature by about an order of magnitude and are the most sensitive data set for asteroseismology available for any star other than the Sun. These statements are not correct, with the most notable exceptions being observations of oscillations in alpha Cen A that are far superior. We further disagree that the hump of excess power seen repeatedly from velocity observations of Procyon can be explained as an artefact caused by gaps in the data. The MOST observations failed to reveal oscillations clearly because their noise level is too high, possibly from scattered Earthlight in the instrument. We did find an excess of strong peaks in the MOST amplitude spectrum that is inconsistent with a simple noise source such as granulation, and may perhaps indicate oscillations at roughly the expected level.
description: 6 pages, accepted for publication in A&A Letters
Giving credit to the microlenders. Formal microlending, credit constraints and adverse selection: a case study of shrimp farmers in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Andersson, Camilla I.M.
name: Holmgren, Erik
name: MacGregor, James
name: Stage, Jesper
name: Andersson, Camilla I.M.
name: Holmgren, Erik
name: MacGregor, James
name: Stage, Jesper
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Economics
subject: Bangladesh
subject: Shrimp Farming
subject: Fisheries

description: Smallholder farmers have long been denied access to formal credit, largely because of the high administrative fees associated with loans. A possible solution to this problem, which has become increasingly popular, is the use of microcredit financing, where innovative means of securing the loans, such as peer monitoring, are used. This paper examines the effectiveness of formal microcredit schemes as compared to the traditional informal credit sources in a rural shrimp farming district of Bangladesh. We compare the two types of credit by studying the technical and allocative efficiencies of the two groups of borrowers. The findings suggest that farmers using both types of microcredit have difficulty accessing credit, often over-utilising labour in order to reduce the need for inputs that require cash at the beginning of the season, creating inefficiencies in production. However, the informal lenders, with their closer ties to individual farmers, were more successful in identifying those small-holders most likely to make the best use of the borrowed funds. Thus, although formal microcredit schemes do not impose the high administrative fees of traditional formal lending, they do not necessarily solve the problem of how to select successful borrowers.
On the origin of Special Relativity
Creators: name: Giulini, Domenico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Retrospectively, in 1905, Special Relativity seemed palpably close; it was "in the air". But apparently it needed the fresh approach of an unprejudiced newcomer, Einstein, to take the final step. I report, in a pedagogical fashion, on the scientific background that triggered the formulation of Special Relativity and also on the role of Lorentz and Poincare.
description: 35 pages, 4 figures. Text in german. Contribution to the 2005-annus-mirabilis celebration at the Alte Kantonsschule Aarau
Calibrating the surface brightness - color relation for late-type red giants stars in the visible domain using VEGA/CHARA interferometric observations
Creators: name: Nardetto, N.
name: Salsi, A.
name: Mourard, D.
name: Hocde, V.
name: Perraut, K.
name: Gallenne, A.
name: Merand, A.
name: Graczyk, D.
name: Pietrzynski, G.
name: Gieren, W.
name: Kervella, P.
name: Ligi, R.
name: Meilland, A.
name: Morand, F.
name: Stee, P.
name: Tallon-Bosc, I.
name: ten~Brummelaar, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface brightness - color relationship (SBCR) is a poweful tool for determining the angular diameter of stars from photometry. It was for instance used to derive the distance of eclipsing binaries in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), which led to its distance determination with an accuracy of 1%. We calibrate the SBCR for red giant stars in the 2.1 < V-K < 2.5 color range using homogeneous VEGA/CHARA interferometric data secured in the visible domain, and compare it to the relation based on infrared interferometric observations, which were used to derive the distance to the LMC. Observations of eight G-K giants were obtained with the VEGA/CHARA instrument. The derived limb-darkened angular diameters were combined with a homogeneous set of infrared magnitudes in order to constrain the SBCR. The average precision we obtain on the limb-darkened angular diameters of the eight stars in our sample is 2.4%. For the four stars in common observed by both VEGA/CHARA and PIONIER/VLTI, we find a 1 sigma agreement for the angular diameters. The SBCR we obtain in the visible has a dispersion of 0.04 magnitude and is consistent with the one derived in the infrared (0.018 magnitude). The consistency of the infrared and visible angular diameters and SBCR reinforces the result of 1% precision and accuracy recently achieved on the distance of the LMC using the eclipsing-binary technique. It also indicates that it is possible to combine interferometric observations at different wavelengths when the SBCR is calibrated.
description: 9 pages, in press in A&A revue
Relativistic second-order perturbations of nonzero-Λflat cosmological models and CMB anisotropies
Creators: name: Tomita, Kenji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First the second-order perturbations of nonzero-Λcosmological models are derived with an arbitrary potential function of spatial coordinates, using the nonlinear version of Lifshitz's method in the synchronous gauge. Their expression is the generalization (to the nonzero-Λcase) of second-order perturbations in the Einstein-de Sitter model which were derived previously by the present author. Next the second-order temperature anisotropies of Cosmic Micriwave Background radiation are derived using the gauge-invariant formula which was given by Mollerach and Matarrese. Moreover the corresponding perturbations in the Poisson gauge are derived using the second-order gauge transformations formulated by Bruni et al. In the second-order it is found in spite of gauges that tensor (gravitational-wave) perturbations and vector (shear) perturbations without vorticity are induced from the first-order scalar perturbations. These results will be useful to analyze the nonlinear effect of local inhomogeneities on Cosmic Microwave Background anisotropies.
description: 14 pages
The GALAH survey: Multiple stars and our Galaxy. I. A comprehensive method for deriving properties of FGK binary stars
Creators: name: Traven, G.
name: Feltzing, S.
name: Merle, T.
name: Van der Swaelmen, M.
name: Čotar, K.
name: Church, R.
name: Zwitter, T.
name: Ting, Y. -S.
name: Sahlholdt, C.
name: Asplund, M.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: De Silva, G.
name: Freeman, K.
name: Martell, S.
name: Sharma, S.
name: Zucker, D.
name: Buder, S.
name: Casey, A.
name: D'Orazi, V.
name: Kos, J.
name: Lewis, G.
name: Lin, J.
name: Lind, K.
name: Simpson, J.
name: Stello, D.
name: Munari, U.
name: Wittenmyer, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 85-XX

description: Binary stellar systems form a large fraction of the Galaxy's stars. They are useful as laboratories for studying the physical processes taking place within stars, and must be correctly taken into account when observations of stars are used to study the structure and evolution of the Galaxy. We present a sample of 12760 well-characterised double-lined spectroscopic binaries that are appropriate for statistical studies of the binary populations. They were detected as SB2s using a t-distributed stochastic neighbour embedding (t-SNE) classification and a cross-correlation analysis of GALAH spectra. This sample consists mostly of dwarfs, with a significant fraction of evolved stars and several dozen members of the giant branch. To compute parameters of the primary and secondary star ($T_{\rm eff[1,2]}$, $\log g_{[1,2]}$, [Fe/H], $V_{r[1,2]}$, $v_{\rm mic[1,2]}$, $v_{\rm broad[1,2]}$, $R_{[1,2]}$, and $E(B-V)$), we used a Bayesian approach that includes a parallax prior from Gaia DR2, spectra from GALAH, and apparent magnitudes from APASS, Gaia DR2, 2MASS, and WISE. The derived stellar properties and their distributions show trends that are expected for a population of close binaries (a $
description: Accepted for publication in A&A
The economic impact of climate change in Namibia. How climate change will affect the contribution of Namibia’s natural resources to its economy
Creators: name: Reid, Hannah
name: Sahlen, Linda
name: Stage, Jesper
name: MacGregor, James
name: Reid, Hannah
name: Sahlen, Linda
name: Stage, Jesper
name: MacGregor, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate change
subject: Economics
subject: Namibia

description: The IPCC recognises Africa as a whole to be “one of the most vulnerable continents to climate variability and change because of multiple stresses and low adaptive capacity. Climate change is likely to exacerbate the dry conditions already experienced in southern Africa. And when rainfall does come, it is likely to be more intense, leading to erosion and flood damage. This will affect the poor most, with resulting constraints on employment opportunities and declining wages. But at present these predictions gain little policy traction in southern African countries. The multilateral climate change process is complicated and slow, and policymakers often see serious action on climate change as a domestic ‘vote loser’. One way to raise climate change concerns further up the policymakers’ agenda is to try to put an economic value on the environmental impacts of climate change. Figures that provide a clear message about the expected impact of climate change will be powerful motivators for policymakers in developing countries to start considering climate change as a part of their national development policies. This study is a first attempt to provide some economic indicators of how climate change will affect Namibia – one of the most vulnerable countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Focusing on natural resources, the study aims to assess the likely economic values of some of the most important environmental and socio-economic impacts of climate change in Namibia, and also to capture how some of the most important impacts might affect the overall structure of the economy.
Conservation Reserve Program in South Dakota: Major Findings from 2007 Survey of South Dakota CRP Respondents
Creators: name: Janssen, Larry
name: Klein, Nicole L.
name: Taylor, Gary
name: Opoku, Emmanuel
name: Holbeck, Michael
name: Janssen, Larry
name: Klein, Nicole L.
name: Taylor, Gary
name: Opoku, Emmanuel
name: Holbeck, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Conservation Reserve Program
subject: CRP land management
subject: Post-CRP land use
subject: crop management practices
subject: agricultural conservation policy
subject: pasture / grassland management

description: This study summarizes key results from a 2007 survey completed by 753 CRP contract holders in South Dakota. Topics covered include: comparison of national and South Dakota CRP trends, key characteristics of CRP contract holders in South Dakota, current CRP management practices and overall crop/livestock management practices, and respondent assessment of relative importance of various factors affecting their CRP decisions. Projected re-enrollment rate into a new CRP contract varies from 34 percent to 63 percent of existing CRP acres, depending on scenario. Statewide, 61 percent of post-CRP acres, not re-enrolled, are projected to be used for crop production, 30 percent for grass hay or livestock production, and 9 percent for other uses.
A Non-Singular One-Loop Wave Function of the Universe From a New Eigenvalue Asymptotics in Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Esposito, Giampiero
name: Fucci, Guglielmo
name: Kamenshchik, Alexander Yu.
name: Kirsten, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work on Euclidean quantum gravity on the four-ball has proved regularity at the origin of the generalized zeta-function built from eigenvalues for metric and ghost modes, when diffeomorphism-invariant boundary conditions are imposed in the de Donder gauge. The hardest part of the analysis involves one of the four sectors for scalar-type perturbations, the eigenvalues of which are obtained by squaring up roots of a linear combination of Bessel functions of integer adjacent orders, with a coefficient of linear combination depending on the unknown roots. This paper obtains, first, approximate analytic formulae for such roots for all values of the order of Bessel functions. For this purpose, both the descending series for Bessel functions and their uniform asymptotic expansion at large order are used. The resulting generalized zeta-function is also built, and another check of regularity at the origin is obtained. For the first time in the literature on quantum gravity on manifolds with boundary, a vanishing one-loop wave function of the Universe is found in the limit of small three-geometry, which suggests a quantum avoidance of the cosmological singularity driven by full diffeomorphism invariance of the boundary-value problem for one-loop quantum theory.
description: 21 Pages, Latex and .eps files with JHEP3 style. The discussion in Section 5 has been improved, and Ref. 26 has been added
Quantum illumination imaging with a single-photon avalanche diode camera
Creators: name: Defienne, Hugo
name: Zhao, Jiuxuan
name: Charbon, Edoardo
name: Faccio, Daniele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-photon-avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are essential tools in biophotonics, optical ranging and sensing and quantum optics. However, their small number of pixels, low quantum efficiency and small fill factor have so far hindered their use for practical imaging applications. Here, we demonstrate full-field entangled photon pair correlation imaging using a 100-kpixels SPAD camera. By measuring photon coincidences between more than 500 million pairs of positions, we retrieve the full point spread function of the imaging system and subsequently high-resolution images of target objects illuminated by spatially entangled photon pairs. We show that our imaging approach is robust against stray light, enabling quantum imaging technologies to move beyond laboratory experiments towards real-world applications such as quantum LiDAR.
Has Debt Restructuring Facilitatead Structural Transformation on Israeli Family Farms?
Creators: name: Kimhi, Ayal
name: Kimhi, Ayal
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008

description: This paper analyzes structural transformation on Israieli family farms using longitudinal village-level data for the years 1992-2001, with particular emphases on the effects of the 1985 debt crisis and the subsequent 1992 debt settlement legislation. Dynamic panel GMM estimation reveals a negative effect of the amount of debt, and a positive effect of reaching a debt restructuring agreement, on farm size. Reaching an agreement also had an indirect negative effect on the shift to off-farm work. No significant effect was found on farm exits. This implies that the debt restructuring legislation accomplished its goal of rehabilitating the farm sector, at least to some extent.
Additional file 2 of Effects of intensive care unit ambient sounds on healthcare professionals: results of an online survey and noise exposure in an experimental setting
Creators: name: Schmidt, Nadine
name: Gerber, Stephan M.
name: Zante, Björn
name: Gawliczek, Tom
name: Chesham, Alvin
name: Gutbrod, Klemens
name: Müri, René M.
name: Nef, Tobias
name: Joerg C. Schefold
name: Marie-Madlen Jeitziner
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional File 2. Results from the mixed ANOVAs of working memory performance and accuracy over three blocks separated per session.
Predictions of alpha-decay half-lives based on potentials from self-consistent mean-field models
Creators: name: Dupre, Z. A.
name: Buervenich, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a microscopic model for the calculation of alpha-decay half lives employing potentials obtained from relativistic and non-relativistic self-consistent mean-field models. The nuclear and Coulomb potentials are used to obtain the tunneling probability and, in one model variant, also the knocking frequency. The model contains only one parameter. We compare this approach employing several modern mean-field parametrizations to experimental data and to the semi-empirical Viola-Seaborg systematics. We extrapolate our model to superheavy nuclei where assumptions entering semi-empirical approaches might lose validity.
description: latex, 15 pages, 4 eps figures, accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. A
Predicted masses of Galactic Cepheids in the Gaia Data Release 2
Creators: name: Marconi, Marcella
name: De Somma, Giulia
name: Ripepi, Vincenzo
name: Molinaro, Roberto
name: Musella, Ilaria
name: Leccia, Silvio
name: Moretti, Maria Ida
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On the basis of recently computed nonlinear convective pulsation models of Galactic Cepheids, spanning wide ranges of input stellar parameters, we derive theoretical mass-dependent Period-Wesenheit relations in the Gaia bands, namely $G$, $G_{BP}$ and $G_{RP}$, that are found to be almost independent of the assumed efficiency of super-adiabatic convection. The application to a selected sub-sample of Gaia Data Release 2 Galactic Cepheids database allows us to derive mass-dependent estimates of their individual distances. By imposing their match with the astrometric values inferred from Gaia, we are able to evaluate the individual mass of each pulsator. The inferred mass distribution is peaked around 5.6$M_{\odot}$ and 5.4$M_{\odot}$ for the F and FO pulsators, respectively. If the estimated Gaia parallax offset $$=0.046 mas is applied to Gaia parallaxes before imposing their coincidence with the theoretical ones, the inferred mass distribution is found to shift towards lower masses, namely $\sim$5.2$M_{\odot}$ and 5.1$M_{\odot}$ for the F and FO pulsators, respectively. The comparison with independent evaluations of the stellar masses, for a subset of binary Cepheids in our sample, seems to support the predictive capability of current theoretical scenario. By forcing the coincidence of our mass determinations with these literature values we derive an independent estimate of the mean offset to be applied to Gaia DR2 parallaxes, $$=0.053 $\pm$ 0.029 mas, slightly higher but in agreement within the errors with Riess2018 value.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Bayesian Inversion for Anisotropic Hydraulic Phase-Field Fracture
Creators: name: Noii, Nima
name: Khodadadian, Amirreza
name: Wick, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this work, a Bayesian inversion framework for hydraulic phase-field transversely isotropic and orthotropy anisotropic fracture is proposed. Therein, three primary fields are pressure, displacements, and phase-field while direction-dependent responses are enforced (via penalty-like parameters). A new crack driving state function is introduced by avoiding the compressible part of anisotropic energy to be degraded. For the Bayesian inversion, we employ the delayed rejection adaptive Metropolis (DRAM) algorithm to identify the parameters. We adjust the algorithm to estimate parameters according to a hydraulic fracture observation, i.e., the maximum pressure. The focus is on uncertainties arising from different variables, including elasticity modulus, Biot's coefficient, Biot's modulus, dynamic fluid viscosity, and Griffith's energy release rate in the case of the isotropic hydraulic fracture while in the anisotropic setting, we identify additional penalty-like parameters. Several numerical examples are employed to substantiate our algorithmic developments.
Resonant Diffusive Radiation in Random Multilayered Systems
Creators: name: Gevorkian, Zh. S.
name: Verhoeven, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have theoretically shown that the yield of diffuse radiation generated by relativistic electrons passing random multilayered systems can be increased when a resonant condition is met. Resonant condition can be satisfied for the wavelength region representing visible light as well as soft X-rays. The intensity of diffusive soft X-rays for specific multilayered systems consisting of two components is compared with the intensity of Cherenkov radiation. For radiation at photon energy of $99.4eV$, the intensity of Resonant Diffusive Radiation (RDR) generated by $5MeV$ electrons passing a $Be/Si$ multilayer exceeds the intensity of Cherenkov radiation by a factor of $\approx 60$ for electrons with the same energy passing a $Si$ foil. For a photon energy of $453eV$ and $13MeV$ electrons passing $Be/Ti$ multilayer generate RDR exceeding Cherenkov radiation generated by electrons passing a $Ti$ foils by a factor $\approx 130$.
description: Talk presented at the RC2005, Frascati, Italy
Endogenous Discounting and Climate Policy
Creators: name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: abrupt climate change
subject: hazard rate
subject: discounting
subject: economic growth
subject: emission policy

description: Under risk of abrupt climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnified by economic growth. In particular, we find that greenhouse gases (GHG) emission should be terminated at a finite time so that the ensuing occurrence risk will vanish in the long run. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. In fact, the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of feasible emissions. We derive the Pigouvian hazard tax that implements the optimal growth regime.
Measurement-Based Teleportation Along Quantum Spin Chains
Creators: name: Barjaktarevic, J. P.
name: Links, J.
name: Milburn, G. J.
name: McKenzie, Ross H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider teleportation of an arbitrary spin-1/2 target quantum state along the ground state of a quantum spin chain. We present a decomposition of the Hilbert space of the many body quantum state into 4 vector spaces. Within each of these subspaces, it is possible to take any superposition of states, and use projective measurements to perform unit fidelity teleportation. Any such superposition is necessarily a spin liquid state. We also show that all total spin-0 quantum states belong in the same space, so that it is possible to perform unit fidelity teleportation over any one-dimensional spin-0 many body quantum state. We generalise to $n$-Bell states, and present some general bounds on fidelity of teleportation given a general state of a quantum spin chain.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, presented as posters at "Quantum entanglement in physical and information sciences", Pisa, 2004 and at the AIP Congress, Canberra, 2005
Weak phase alpha from B^0-> a_1^{+-}(1260) pi^{-+}
Creators: name: Gronau, M.
name: Zupan, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quasi two-body decays B^0(t)-> a_1^{+-}(1260) pi^{-+} identified by four charged pions determine a phase alpha_eff, which is equal to the weak phase alpha in the limit of vanishing penguin amplitudes. Applying flavor SU(3) to these decays and to B->a_1 K and B->K_1 pi, with K_1 an admixture of K_1(1270) and K_1(1400), we derive expressions providing bounds on alpha-alpha_{eff}. Higher precision in alpha may be achieved by an overall fit to a complete set of SU(3) related measurements. A method is sketched applying isospin symmetry to time-dependent invariant mass distributions in B->pi^+ pi^- pi^0 pi^0.
description: 4 pages, small changes, to be published in Physical Review D
Phase effects in neutrino conversions during a supernova shock wave
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Basudeb
name: Dighe, Amol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos escaping from a core collapse supernova a few seconds after bounce pass through the shock wave, where they may encounter one or more resonances corresponding to $Δm^2_{\rm atm}$. The neutrino mass eigenstates in matter may stay coherent between these multiple resonances, giving rise to oscillations in the survival probabilities of neutrino species. We provide an analytical approximation to these inevitable phase effects, that relates the density profile of the shock wave to the oscillation pattern. The phase effects are present only if the multiple resonances encountered by neutrinos are semi-adiabatic, which typically happens for $10^{-5} \lsim \sin^2 θ_{13} \lsim 10^{-3}$. The observability of these oscillations is severely limited by the inability of the detectors to reconstruct the neutrino energy faithfully. For typical shock wave profiles, the detection of these phase effects seems rather unlikely. However, if the effects are indeed identified in the $\nuebar$ spectra, they would establish inverted hierarchy and a nonzero value of $θ_{13}$.
description: 10 pages, 9 eps figures. Major changes made. Final version to be published in PRD
Measuring a piecewise constant axion field in classical electrodynamics
Creators: name: Obukhov, Yuri N.
name: Hehl, Friedrich W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to settle the problem of the "Post constraint" in material media, we consider the propagation of a plane electromagnetic wave in a medium with a piecewise constant axion field. Although a constant axion field does not affect the wave propagation in a homogeneous medium, we show that the reflection and transmission of a wave at an interface between the two media is sensitive to the difference of the axion values. This observation can be used to determine experimentally the axion piece in matter despite the fact that a constant axion value does not contribute to the Maxwell equations.
description: Revtex, 12 pages, 3 figures
Jet simulations extending radially self-similar MHD models
Creators: name: Gracia, J.
name: Vlahakis, N.
name: Tsinganos, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic radially self-similar jets, whose prototype is the Blandford & Payne analytical example. The reached final steady state is valid close to the rotation axis and also at large distances above the disk where the classical analytical model fails to provide physically acceptable solutions. The outflow starts with a sub-slow magnetosonic speed which subsequently crosses all relevant MHD critical points and corresponding magnetosonic separatrix surfaces. The characteristics are plotted together with the Mach cones and the super-fast magnetosonic outflow satisfies MHD causality. The final solution remains close enough to the analytical one which is thus shown to be topologically stable and robust for various boundary conditions.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, minor changes to match the version accepted by MNRAS
Mathematics of complexity in experimental high energy physics
Creators: name: Eggers, H. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mathematical ideas and approaches common in complexity-related fields have been fruitfully applied in experimental high energy physics also. We briefly review some of the cross-pollination that is occurring.
description: 7 pages, 3 figs, latex; Second International Conference on Frontier Science: A Nonlinear World: The Real World, Pavia, Italy, 8-12 September 2003
Sandri, Maria Grazia, Vahramian, Herman: Ricerca sull' architetura selgiuchide
Creators: name: Wessel, Klaus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 58 (1974): Oriens christianus, Band 58
Electrostatic manipulation of fluidic interfaces for optical control purposes
Creators: name: Kwong, Vincent Hugh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Three original, different, yet complementary optical techniques are presented in this thesis. They can be employed individually or in combination, to yield new methods of optical control. The common theme linking these techniques is the application of patterned electric fields to control the bulk and/or surface properties of fluidic structures, yielding a variety of optical effects. These effects may be useful in a multitude of optical structures, including variable Bragg gratings, reflective displays, optical memory devices, and the like. The first technique, here termed the fluid interface grating, uses a spatially modulated electric field to alter the interfacial pressure between two immiscible fluidic layers having different indices of refraction. The pattern of the electric field determines the amplitude and spatial frequency of the deformation in the interface between the two layers. Since the two fluids have different indices of refraction, this patterned deformation produces a diffractive structure. The second technique, here termed the electrophoretic grating, uses electrophoresis to microscopically control the location of charged, high refractive index particles suspended in a low index perfluorinated hydrocarbon fluid. By controlling the amplitude and spatial frequency of the electric field in the suspension, a spatial periodic change in the effective index of refraction occurs in the bulk of the suspension, forming another new diffractive structure. The third technique uses an effect known as electrowetting to alter the shape, and hence the reflective properties, of tiny water drops on an air-polymer interface. As a result of electrically inducing changes in the surface energy of the drops, the shape of each drop is deformed as its contact angle is altered. This corresponds to a substantial change in the reflectance of the drop, which could, for example, form the basis for a new type of reflective display. The results presented in this thesis demonstrate the feasibility of these three new techniques to actively control optical properties of surfaces. These three methods can be used separately but there is also potential for combining these techniques. The results are encouraging and are suggestive that further research is warranted.
Transport of atoms in a quantum conveyor belt
Creators: name: Browaeys, A.
name: Haeffner, H.
name: McKenzie, C.
name: Rolston, S. L.
name: Helmerson, K.
name: Phillips, W. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed experiments using a 3D-Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium atoms in a 1D optical lattice to explore some unusual properties of band-structure. In particular, we investigate the loading of a condensate into a moving lattice and find non-intuitive behavior. We also revisit the behavior of atoms, prepared in a single quasimomentum state, in an accelerating lattice. We generalize this study to a cloud whose atoms have a large quasimomentum spread, and show that the cloud behaves differently from atoms in a single Bloch state. Finally, we compare our findings with recent experiments performed with fermions in an optical lattice.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Systems of submodules and a remark by M.C.R. Butler
Creators: name: Schmidmeier, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16G70, 18G20, 20E15

description: Fix a poset $P$ and a natural number $n$. For various commutative local rings $Λ$, each of Loewy length $n$, consider the category $\textrm{sub}_ΛP$ of $Λ$-linear submodule representations of $P$. We give a criterion for when the underlying translation quiver of a connected component of the Auslander-Reiten quiver of $\textrm{sub}_ΛP$ is independent of the choice of the base ring $Λ$. If $\mathcal P$ is the one-point poset and $Λ=\mathbb Z/p^n$ for $p$ a prime number, then $\textrm{sub}_ΛP$ consists of all pairs $(B;A)$ where $B$ is a finite abelian $p^n$-bounded group and $A\subset B$ a subgroup. We can respond to a remark by M. C. R. Butler concerning the first occurence of parametrized families of such subgroup embeddings.
description: 25 pages, nicer diagrams
Additional file 1 of Effects of intensive care unit ambient sounds on healthcare professionals: results of an online survey and noise exposure in an experimental setting
Creators: name: Schmidt, Nadine
name: Gerber, Stephan M.
name: Zante, Björn
name: Gawliczek, Tom
name: Chesham, Alvin
name: Gutbrod, Klemens
name: Müri, René M.
name: Nef, Tobias
name: Joerg C. Schefold
name: Marie-Madlen Jeitziner
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional File 1. Further noise sources according to their categories.
Reddening, Absorption, and Decline Rate Corrections for a Complete Sample of Type Ia Supernovae leading to a Fully Corrected Hubble Diagram to v<30,000kms-1
Creators: name: Reindl, B.
name: Tammann, G. A.
name: Sandage, A.
name: Saha, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photometric BVI and redshift data corrected for streaming motions are compiled for 111 "Branch normal", 4 1991T-like, 7 1991bg-like, and 2 unusual SNe Ia. Color excesses E(B-V)host of normal SNe Ia, due to the absorption of the host galaxy, are derived by three independent methods leading to the intrinsic colors at maximum of (B-V)00=-0.024, and (V-I)00=-0.265 if normalized to a common decline rate of Dm_15=1.1. The strong correlation between redshift absolute magnitudes (based on Ho=60), corrected only for the extrinsic Galactic absorption, and the derived E(B-V)host leads to well determined, yet abnormal absorption-to-reddening ratios of R_BVI=3.65, 2.65, and 1.35. Comparison with the canonical Galactic values of 4.1, 3.1, 1.8 forces the conclusion that the law of interstellar absorption in the path length to the SN in the host galaxy is different from the local Galactic law. Improved correlations of the fully corrected absolute magnitudes with host galaxy type, decline rate, and intrinsic color are derived. The four peculiar 1991T-type SNe are significantly overluminous as compared to Branch-normal SNe Ia. The overluminosity of the seven 1999aa-like SNe is less pronounced. The seven 1991bg-types in the sample constitute a separate class of SNeIa, averaging in B two magnitudes fainter than the normal Ia. New Hubble diagrams in BVI are derived out to ~30,000kms-1 using the fully corrected magnitudes and velocities, corrected for streaming motions. Nine solutions for the intercept magnitudes in these diagrams show extreme stability at the 0.04 level using various subsamples of the data. The same precepts for fully correcting SN magnitudes we shall use for the luminosity recalibration of SNe Ia in the forthcoming final review of our HST Cepheid-SN experiment for the Hubble constant.
description: 49 pages, 15 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Multi-parton Cross Sections at Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Costas G.
name: Worek, Malgorzata
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an alternative method to calculate cross sections for multi-parton scattering processes in the Standard Model at leading order. The helicity amplitudes are computed using recursion relations in the number of particles, based on Dyson-Schwinger equations whereas the summation over colour and helicity configurations is performed by Monte Carlo methods. The computational cost of our algorithm grows asymptotically as 3^n, where n is the number of particles involved in the process, as opposed to the n!-growth of the Feynman diagram approach. Typical results for the total cross section, differential distributions of invariant masses and transverse momenta of partons are presented and cross checked by explicit summation over colours.
description: LaTeX, 26 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables
Bianchi, F., Roncai, L.: Antologia critica
Creators: name: Wessel, Klaus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 58 (1974): Oriens christianus, Band 58
Dark energy transition between quintessence and phantom regimes - an equation of state analysis
Creators: name: Stefancic, Hrvoje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dark energy transition between quintessence ($w>-1$) and phantom ($w
description: v1: 9 pages, 6 figures. v2: references added. v3: minor changes. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Local magnetic susceptibility of the positive muon in graphite and the quasi 1D spin ½ chain CPC
Creators: name: Chakhalian, Jacques A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The local electronic structure of the positive muon has been investigated in semimetallic graphite using muon spin rotation/relaxation. Both the muon Knight shift and the spin relaxation rate in highly oriented pyrolytic graphite are anomalously large compared to those in simple metals and both have an unusual temperature dependence. These results indicate that a local moment forms around the muon due to the low carrier density. In contrast, measurements on metallic LiC6 reveal a smaller muon Knight shift which is opposite in sign (negative) and almost temperature independent. We suggest this is due to core polarization of a Mu-Li+ complex. The local magnetic susceptibility around a muon in the quasi one dimensional spin 1/2 antiferromagnetic chain compound CPC has also been investigated. We compare the local spin susceptibility as measured by the muon spin precession frequency with the bulk magnetic susceptibility measured in a SQUID magnetometer. There is a dramatic difference between the local and bulk magnetic response which is in accordance with a recent theory by Eggert and Affleck. This novel behavior can be attributed to a gapless spectrum of magnetic excitations which characterizes spin 1/2 chain compounds and may be considered the magnetic equivalent of the Kondo effect in metals.
The Dielectric Skyrme model
Creators: name: Adam, C.
name: Oles, K.
name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a version of the Skyrme model where both the kinetic term and the Skyrme term are multiplied by field-dependent coupling functions. For suitable choices, this "dielectric Skyrme model" has static solutions saturating the pertinent topological bound in the sector of baryon number (or topological charge) $B=\pm 1$ but not for higher $|B|$. This implies that higher charge field configurations are unbound, and loosely bound higher skyrmions can be achieved by small deformations of this dielectric Skyrme model. We provide a simple and explicit example for this possibility. Further, we show that the $|B|=1$ BPS sector continues to exist for certain generalizations of the model like, for instance, after its coupling to a specific version of the BPS Skyrme model, i.e., the addition of the sextic term and a particular potential.
description: Latex file, 13 pages, no figures
Agricultural Development in Uzbekistan: The Effect of Ongoing Reforms
Creators: name: Lerman, Zvi
name: Lerman, Zvi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008

description: Agricultural transition in Uzbekistan, as in all CIS countries, is driven by a process of land reform, which involves redistribution of land among producers and concomitant changes in farm structure. In this article we review the process of land reform since Uzbekistan’s independence and examine its impacts on agricultural growth and rural family incomes. The analysis is based on official statistics and data from a farm-level survey carried out in 2007.