cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing the early universe with a generalized action
Creators: name: Mandal, Ranajit
name: Saha, Dalia
name: Alam, Mohosin
name: Sanyal, Abhik Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possibly, the most general action in the background of isotropic and homogeneous space-time has been considered to study the quantum evolution of the early universe, apart from a cosmological constant. The hermiticity of the effective Hamiltonian operator in the presence of curvature squared terms suggests unitary time evolution of the quantum states, assuring conservation of probability. The oscillatory behaviour of the semi-classical wavefunction around a de-Sitter solution signals that the theory is classically allowed, and the universe enters an inflationary regime just after Planck's era. In view of a hierarchy of Hubble flow parameters, and using a redefined effective potential, the complicated classical field equations in the presence of several coupling parameters, reduce to standard general-relativistic equations with a single scalar field. As a result, inflation has been studied without considering any additional flow parameters. Inflationary parameters lie very much within the presently available Planck's data, and the model admits graceful exit from inflation.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures
Implementation of Continuous-Time Quantum Walks on Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Portugal, Renato
name: Moqadam, Jalil Khatibi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum walk is a useful model to simulate complex quantum systems and to build quantum algorithms; in particular, to develop spatial search algorithms on graphs, which aim to find a marked vertex as quickly as possible. Quantum walks are interesting candidates to be implemented on quantum computers. In this work, we describe efficient circuits that implement the evolution operator of continuous-time quantum-walk-based search algorithms on three graph classes: complete graphs, complete bipartite graphs, and hypercubes. For the class of complete and complete bipartite graphs, the circuits implement the evolution operator exactly. For the class of hypercubes, the circuit implements an approximate evolution operator, which tends to the exact evolution operator when the number of vertices is large. Our Qiskit simulations show that the implementation is successful at finding the marked vertex even for low-dimensional hypercubes.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
Detection of boson peak and fractal dynamics of disordered system using terahertz spectroscopy
Creators: name: Mori, Tatsuya
name: Jiang, Yue
name: Fujii, Yasuhiro
name: Kitani, Suguru
name: Mizuno, Hideyuki
name: Koreeda, Akitoshi
name: Motoji, Leona
name: Tokoro, Hiroko
name: Shiraki, Kentaro
name: Yamamoto, Yohei
name: Kojima, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disordered systems exhibit universal excitation, referred to as the boson peak, in the terahertz region. Meanwhile, the so-called fracton is expected to appear in the nanoscale region owing to the self-similar structure of monomers in polymeric glasses. We demonstrate that such excitations can be detected using terahertz spectroscopy. For the interaction between terahertz light and the vibrational density of states of the fractal structure, we formulate an infrared light-vibration coupling coefficient for the fracton region. Accordingly, we show that information concerning fractal and fracton dimensions appears in the exponent of the absorption coefficient. Finally, using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy and low-frequency Raman scattering, we experimentally observe these universal excitations in a protein lysozyme system that has an intrinsically disordered and self-similar nature in a single supramolecule. These findings are applicable to disordered and polymeric glasses in general and will be key to understanding universal dynamics of disordered systems by terahertz light.
Effect of top-level nursing management team characteristics and strategic implementation on nursing organization performance at community hospitals under the ministry of public health
Creators: name: Jintana Tapin
Publisher: name: ASEAN Institute for Health Development Mahidol University
Year: 2021
Subjects: top management team
top nursing management team
strategic implementation
nursing organization performance

description: JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT, 19, 1, 52-64
Addendum to "Coherent radio pulses from GEANT generated electromagnetic showers in ice"
Creators: name: Razzaque, S.
name: Seunarine, S.
name: Chambers, S.
name: Besson, D.
name: McKay, D.
name: Ralston, J.
name: Seckel, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reevaluate our published calculations of electromagnetic showers generated by GEANT 3.21 and the radio frequency pulses they produce in ice. We are prompted by a recent report showing that GEANT 3.21-modeled showers are sensitive to internal settings in the electron tracking subroutine. We report the shower and pulse characteristics obtained with different settings of GEANT 3.21 and with GEANT 4. The default setting of electron tracking in GEANT 3.21 we used in previous work speeds up the shower simulation at the cost of information near the end of the tracks. We find that settings tracking electron and positron to lower energy yield a more accurate calculation, a more intense shower, and proportionately stronger radio pulses at low frequencies. At high frequencies the relation between shower tracking algorithm and pulse spectrum is more complex. We obtain radial distributions of shower particles and phase distributions of pulses from 100 GeV showers that are consistent with our published results.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Characterizing Exoplanet Habitability
Creators: name: Kopparapu, Ravi kumar
name: Wolf, Eric T.
name: Meadows, Victoria S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Habitability is a measure of an environment's potential to support life, and a habitable exoplanet supports liquid water on its surface. However, a planet's success in maintaining liquid water on its surface is the end result of a complex set of interactions between planetary, stellar, planetary system and even Galactic characteristics and processes, operating over the planet's lifetime. In this chapter, we describe how we can now determine which exoplanets are most likely to be terrestrial, and the research needed to help define the habitable zone under different assumptions and planetary conditions. We then move beyond the habitable zone concept to explore a new framework that looks at far more characteristics and processes, and provide a comprehensive survey of their impacts on a planet's ability to acquire and maintain habitability over time. We are now entering an exciting era of terrestiral exoplanet atmospheric characterization, where initial observations to characterize planetary composition and constrain atmospheres is already underway, with more powerful observing capabilities planned for the near and far future. Understanding the processes that affect the habitability of a planet will guide us in discovering habitable, and potentially inhabited, planets.
description: Book chapter for "Planetary Astrobiology" (Space science series)
Solar Fusion and The Coulomb Dissociation of 8B; What Have We Learned and Where Do We Go From Here?
Creators: name: Gai, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The much needed nuclear input to the Standard Solar Model, $S_{17}(0)$, has now been measured with high precision ($\pm$5% or better) by different groups and good agreement is found, even when very different methods are employed. We review the decade long research program to measure the cross section of the $^7Be(p,γ)^8B$ reaction using the Coulomb dissociation method, including the pioneering RIKEN1 experiment carried out during March 1992, followed by RIKEN2, GSI1, GSI2 and an MSU experiment. Our RIKEN and GSI data allow us to rule out the much tooted large E2 contribution to the Coulomb dissociation of $^8B$. Specifically recent results of the MSU experiment are not confirmed. The GSI1 and GSI2 high precision measurements are in good (to perfect) agreement with the newly published high precision measurements of direct capture with $^7Be$ targets. From these GSI-Seattle-Weizmann high precision data we conclude that the astrophysical cross section factor, $S_{17}(0)$, is most likely in the range of 20 - 22 eV-b. We point out to an additional large uncertainty (-10% +3%) that still exists due to uncertainty in the measured slope of the S-factor and the theoretical extrapolation procedure which may still lower $S_{17}(0)$ down to approximately 18.5 eV-b. For quoting $S_{17}(0)$ with an uncertainty of $\pm$5% or better, yet another measurement needs to be performed at very low energies, as recently discussed by the UConn-Weizmann-LLN collaboration for the CERN/ISOLDE facility.
description: Paper for the 19th Conf. on Nuclear Dynamics, Breckenridge, Colorado. Work Supported by USDOE Grant No. DE-FG02-94ER40870
Additional file 2 of Pictorial methods to assess heavy menstrual bleeding in research and clinical practice: a systematic literature review
Creators: name: Magnay, Julia
name: Shaughn Oâ€™Brien
name: Gerlinger, Christoph
name: Seitz, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2. The QUADAS questionnaire for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies.
Are we turning a brighter shade of green? The relationship between household characteristics and greenhouse gas emissions from
Creators: name: Allan, Corey
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Will, Campbell
name: Allan, Corey
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Will, Campbell
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Climate change
subject: greenhouse gas emissions
subject: household behaviour
subject: consumption
subject: input–output model

description: We test whether New Zealand households have become greener consumers by estimating environmental Engel curves (EECs), which describe the relationship between household income and the pollution embodied in a household’s consumption bundle. Our pollutants of interest are greenhouse gases (GHGs). To our knowledge, this is the first paper that tests for a change over time in climate change-related household behaviour. We calculate the greenhouse gases embodied in household consumption bundles using standard environmental input-output (IO) analysis combined with detailed household expenditure data from the 2006/07 and 2012/13 waves of the New Zealand Household Economic Survey. Consistent with international literature, we find that emissions increase less-than-proportionately with household expenditure (a proxy for permanent income). There is significant variation in expenditure elasticities across consumption categories; emissions from household energy are unresponsive to household expenditure, while emissions from transport are highly responsive to expenditure. Household expenditure and composition explain the majority of the cross-sectional variation in household emissions. We conduct a simple test for changes over time in household consumption patterns that affect emissions, taking price changes into account. We find that, controlling for a rich set of household characteristics, household emissions were marginally lower on average in the 2012/13 survey than the 2006/07 survey. This result is largely driven by a reduction in emissions from household energy. We also find that wealthier households had a smaller reduction in emissions between surveys. Our results suggest this is due to higher levels of international air travel by wealthier households.
3-manifold spine cyclic presentations with seldom seen Whitehead graphs
Creators: name: Williams, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F05, 57M05, 57M50

description: We consider a family of cyclic presentations and show that, subject to certain conditions on the defining parameters, they are spines of closed 3-manifolds. These are new examples where the reduced Whitehead graphs are of the same type as those of the Fractional Fibonacci presentations; here the corresponding manifolds are often (but not always) hyperbolic. We also express a lens space construction in terms of a class of positive cyclic presentations that are spines of closed 3-manifolds. These presentations then furnish examples where the Whitehead graphs are of the same type as those of the positive cyclic presentations of type $\mathfrak{Z}$, as considered by McDermott.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures, Accepted Manuscript
Interfacial solvation explains attraction between like-charged objects in aqueous solution
Creators: name: Kubincova, Alzbeta
name: Hunenberger, Philippe H.
name: Krishnan, Madhavi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the past few decades the experimental literature has consistently reported observations of attraction between like-charged colloidal particles and macromolecules in solution. Examples include nucleic acids and colloidal particles in bulk solution and under confinement, and biological liquid-liquid phase separation. This observation is at odds with the intuitive expectation of an interparticle repulsion that decays monotonically with distance. Although attraction between like-charged particles can be theoretically rationalised in the strong-coupling regime, for example, in the presence of multivalent counterions, recurring accounts of long-range attraction in aqueous solution containing monovalent ions at low ionic strength have posed an open conundrum. Here we show that the behaviour of molecular water at an interface - traditionally disregarded in the continuum electrostatics picture, provides a mechanism to explain attraction between like-charged objects in a broad spectrum of experiments. This basic principle will have important ramifications in the ongoing quest to better understand intermolecular interactions in solution.
description: 22 pages; 5 figures
Holomorphic Currents and Duality in N=1 Supersymmetric Theories
Creators: name: Johansen, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted supersymmetric theories on a product of two Riemann surfaces possess non-local holomorphic currents in a BRST cohomology. The holomorphic currents act as vector fields on the chiral ring. The OPE's of these currents are invariant under the renormalization group flow up to BRST-exact terms. In the context of electric-magnetic duality, the algebra generated by the holomorphic currents in the electric theory is isomorphic to the one on the magnetic side. For the currents corresponding to global symmetries this isomorphism follows from 't Hooft anomaly matching conditions. The isomorphism between OPE's of the currents corresponding to non-linear transformations of fields of matter imposes non-trivial conditions on the duality map of chiral ring. We consider in detail the $SU(N_c)$ SQCD with matter in fundamental and adjoint representations, and find agreement with the duality map proposed by Kutasov, Schwimmer and Seiberg.
description: 19 pages, JHEP3 LaTex, typos corrected
Additional file 3 of Prioritising pathogens for the management of severe febrile patients to improve clinical care in low- and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Osborn, Jennifer
name: Roberts, Teri
name: Guillen, Ethan
name: Bernal, Oscar
name: Roddy, Paul
name: Ongarello, Stefano
name: Sprecher, Armand
name: Anne-Laure Page
name: Ribeiro, Isabela
name: Piriou, Erwan
name: Abiy Tamrat
name: Tour, Roberto
name: V. Rao
name: Flevaud, Laurence
name: Jensen, Tomas
name: McIver, Lachlan
name: Kelly, Cassandra
name: Dittrich, Sabine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3. Example references used to determine relevance of pathogen ranking to subpopulations and different regions.
Exchange rate fluctuations and the margins of exports
Creators: name: Fabling, Richard
name: Sanderson, Lynda
name: Fabling, Richard
name: Sanderson, Lynda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Margins of exports
subject: Hysteria
subject: Exchange rates

description: This paper examines the relationship between exchange rate fluctuations and New Zealand export performance. To isolate the impact of the exchange rate, as opposed to contemporaneous (and related) fluctuations in New Zealand's economic performance or overseas market characteristics, we focus on bilateral export relationships at the firm level and control for both time-invariant country characteristics and changes in aggregate economic conditions. We examine two key margins of export adjustment – the probability of exporting (the extensive margin) and the average value of exports per firm (the intensive margin) – and distinguish between impacts on market incumbents and new or potential entrants. Finally, we specifically take account of the potential for interaction between the level and volatility of the exchange rate to affect exporting, as implied by theories of exchange rate hysteresis.
Interface Dark Excitons at Sharp Lateral Two-Dimensional Heterostructures
Creators: name: Simchi, Hamidreza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dark excitons at the interface of sharp lateral heterostructure of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. By introducing a low-energy effective Hamiltonian model, we find the energy dispersion relation of exciton and show how it depends on the onsite energy of composed materials and their spin-orbit coupling strengths. It is shown that the effect of geometrical structure of interface, as a deformation gauge field (pseudo-spin-orbit coupling), should be considered in calculating the binding energy of exciton. By discretization of real-space version of the dispersion relation on a triangular lattice, we show that the binding energy of exciton depends on its distance from the interface line. For exciton near the interface the binding energy is equal to 0.36 eV, while for the exciton enough far from the interface it is equal to 0.26 eV. Also, it has been shown that for zigzag interface the binding energy increases by 0.34 meV in comparison with the armchair interface due to the pseudo-spin-orbit interaction (gauge filed). The results can be used for designing the two-dimensional lateral heterostructure based optoelectronic devices and improving their characteristics.
How to Make the Most of Your IASSIST Membership between Conferences
Creators: name: Rice, Robin
name: Alatera, Tuomas
name: Lindsay, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013

description: What does it mean to be a member of IASSIST these days? Does IASSIST do anything other than host annual conferences? Come talk with members of the Communications Committee, the Membership Chair and other IASSIST officials to discuss these and other burning questions you may have. This interactive poster session will reveal ways to get more deeply involved in IASSIST in between conferences by joining committees or interest groups. Perhaps you want to give something back to the organization you love so much. Perhaps you have an idea how the organization can do things better (and even better, the time to help us put it into practice). Perhaps you want to know if others share an important professional interest and how to take that forward. Or, perhaps you are a new member and are just curious to know what makes IASSIST tick. The poster will explain how the committee structure of IASSIST works, how you can contribute your time or expertise to benefit the organization, and will present results of the recent members' survey. More importantly, IASSIST committee members will be at the poster session ready to talk to you about YOUR needs and interests regarding any aspect of the organization. A suggestion box will be available for anyone wishing to provide anonymous feedback. IASSIST is currently 100 percent volunteer run. We know we're not perfect. Help us improve through your active participation and feedback.
Low-lying meson spectrum of large $N_C$ strongly coupled lattice QCD
Creators: name: Grignani, G.
name: Marmottini, D.
name: Sodano, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the low energy mass spectrum of lattice QCD in the large $N_C$ limit. Expanding around a gauge-invariant ground state, which spontaneously breaks the discrete chiral symmetry, we derive an improved strong-coupling expansion and evaluate, for any value of $N_C$, the masses of the low-lying states in the unflavored meson spectrum. We then take the 't Hooft limit by rescaling $g^2 N_C\to g^2$; the 't Hooft limit is smooth and no arbitrary parameters are needed. We find, already at the fourth order of the strong coupling perturbation theory, a very good agreement between the results of our lattice computation and the known continuum values.
description: 43 pages, 1 figure. Minor corrections. One reference added in section I
The impact of tax changes on the short-run investment behaviour of New Zealand firms
Creators: name: Fabling, Arthur
name: Kneller, Richard
name: Sanderson, Lynda
name: Fabling, Arthur
name: Kneller, Richard
name: Sanderson, Lynda
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: User Cost of Capital
subject: Tax
subject: Investor

description: This paper examines firm-level investment responses to exogenous changes in the forwardlooking user cost of capital associated with reforms to the corporate and personal tax system over the last decade. Adjustments to personal tax rates and fiscal depreciation allowances provide a direct lever through which government policy can affect the cost of capital faced by firms. The effect of these tax adjustments differs across firms according to their asset structure, providing both inter-temporal and inter-firm variation in UCCs and enabling an assessment of the short-run impact of UCC changes on investment behaviour. This analysis shows that while tax-induced changes in the UCC have significantly affected investment behaviour among some firms, the aggregate impacts are likely to have been negligible as the industries in which investment impacts are observed make a very small contribution to aggregate investment.
Economic Liberalisation and the Mobility of Minority Groups: Evidence from Māori in New Zealand
Creators: name: Sin, Isabelle
name: Stillman, Steven
name: Sin, Isabelle
name: Stillman, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Mobility
subject: Migration
subject: New Zealand
subject: Maori
subject: Labour Market Areas

description: Between 1984 and 2003, New Zealand undertook comprehensive market-oriented economic reforms. In this paper, we use Census data to examine how the internal mobility of Māori compares to that of Europeans in New Zealand in the period after these reforms. It is often suggested that Māori are less mobile than other ethnic groups because of attachment to particular geographical locations. If this were the case, Māori may have been disadvantaged in the post-reform period because they were more likely to be living in adversely affected areas and less likely to move to pursue better employment opportunities. In contrast to the anecdotal evidence, we find that Māori are more mobile on average than similar Europeans. However, Māori who live in areas with strong networks of their iwi are slightly less mobile than Europeans. The difference between Māori who live locally to their iwi and those who do not is even more pronounced when we consider responsiveness to local labour market shocks. Non-local Māori are considerably more responsive to changes in economic opportunities than are Europeans, whereas local Māori are almost entirely unresponsive.
CHATogether : a novel digital program to promote Asian American Pacific Islander mental health in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Song, Jae Eun
name: Ngo, Nealie T.
name: Vigneron, Jessica G.
name: Lee, Alan
name: Sust, Steve
name: Martin, Andrés
name: Yuen, Eunice Y.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2023

description: Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated rise in anti-Asian hate crimes, we developed the Compassionate Home, Action Together program, (CHATogether) to support the mental health of the Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) community. CHATogether is a culturally informed and virtually delivered support program that harnesses the talents of AAPI teens, young adults, parents, and mental health professionals who share a commitment to serve their local communities. Methods: Our objective was to identify the active components, optimal utilization, potential benefits, and pertinent limitations of the CHATogether program during the 3 years since its inception in 2019. By that time, the program had developed six distinct component arms: interactive theater, mental health education, research, peer support and community outreach, collaboration, and AAPI mentorship. To work towards this objective, we conducted a qualitative study using thematic analysis and an inductive approach based on grounded theory (GT), in which we analyzed anonymized transcripts of four focus groups, comprised of 20 program participants (11 females; 9 males). Results: We developed a model of two overarching domains, each with three underlying themes: I. Individual stressors: (1) Family conflict; (2) Cultural identity; and (3) Pandemic impact; and II. Collective stressors: (1) Stigma related to mental health and illness; (2) Pandemic uncertainty; and (3) Xenophobia and societal polarization. Strengths of the CHATogether program include its role as a conduit toward AAPI connectedness and pride as well as purpose in building community. Through support and mentorship, the program cultivates a unique platform that promotes healing and resiliency in response to pandemic stressors and beyond. Conclusions: CHATogether creates a safe space for the AAPI community. Through its methods of storytelling and encouraging creativity, CHATogether facilitates the discussion of challenging topics specific to the AAPI community. Given the national mental health crisis that is further being exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, a digital prevention program such as CHATogether holds promise towards providing access to mental health resources and supporting early help-seeking behaviors for individuals in the AAPI community.
Injectivity, stability, and positive definiteness of max filtering
Creators: name: Mixon, Dustin G.
name: Qaddura, Yousef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given a real inner product space V and a group G of linear isometries, max filtering offers a rich class of G-invariant maps. In this paper, we identify nearly sharp conditions under which these maps injectively embed the orbit space V/G into Euclidean space, and when G is finite, we estimate the map's distortion of the quotient metric. We also characterize when max filtering is a positive definite kernel.
Generating Sense Embeddings for Syntactic and Semantic Analogy for Portuguese
Creators: name: da Silva, Jessica Rodrigues
name: Caseli, Helena de Medeiros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Word embeddings are numerical vectors which can represent words or concepts in a low-dimensional continuous space. These vectors are able to capture useful syntactic and semantic information. The traditional approaches like Word2Vec, GloVe and FastText have a strict drawback: they produce a single vector representation per word ignoring the fact that ambiguous words can assume different meanings. In this paper we use techniques to generate sense embeddings and present the first experiments carried out for Portuguese. Our experiments show that sense vectors outperform traditional word vectors in syntactic and semantic analogy tasks, proving that the language resource generated here can improve the performance of NLP tasks in Portuguese.
description: 14 pages, STIL 2019 Full paper
Are Patent Fees Effective at Weeding out Low quality Patents?
Creators: name: De Rassenfosse, Gaetan
name: Jaffe, Adam B.
name: De Rassenfosse, Gaetan
name: Jaffe, Adam B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Patents
subject: Patent fees
subject: Patent quality
subject: Innovation
subject: Invention

description: The paper investigates whether patent fees are an effective mechanism to deter the filing of low-quality patent applications. The study analyzes the effect of the Patent Law Amendment Act of 1982, which resulted in a substantial increase in patenting fees at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, on patent quality. Results from a series of difference-in-differences regressions suggest that the increase in fees led to a weeding out of low-quality patents. About 16–17 per cent of patents in the lowest quality decile were filtered out. The figure reaches 24–30 per cent for patents in the lowest quality quintile. However, the fee elasticity of quality decreased with the size of the patent portfolio held by applicants. The study has strong policy implications in the current context of concerns about declines in patent quality and the financial vulnerability of patent offices.
The astrophysical rate of 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne via the (p,t) reaction in inverse kinematics
Creators: name: Davids, B.
name: Berg, A. M. van den
name: Dendooven, P.
name: Fleurot, F.
name: Hernanz, M.
name: Hunyadi, M.
name: de Huu, M. A.
name: Jose, J.
name: Rehm, K. E.
name: Segel, R. E.
name: Siemssen, R. H.
name: Wilschut, H. W.
name: Wortche, H. J.
name: Wuosmaa, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recoil coincidence technique has been applied to measure the alpha-decay branching ratios of near-threshold states in 19Ne. Populating these states using the (p,t) reaction in inverse kinematics, we detected the recoils and their decay products with 100% geometric efficiency using a magnetic spectrometer. Combining our branching ratio measurements with independent determinations of the radiative widths of these states, we calculate the astrophysical rate of 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne. Using this reaction rate, we perform hydrodynamic calculations of nova outbursts and conclude that no significant breakout from the hot CNO cycles into the rp process occurs in novae via 15O(alpha,gamma)19Ne.
description: submitted to PRC
How Could Generative AI Support Compliance with the EU AI Act? A Review for Safe Automated Driving Perception
Creators: name: Keser, Mert
name: Shoeb, Youssef
name: Knoll, Alois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have become central for the perception functions of autonomous vehicles, substantially enhancing their ability to understand and interpret the environment. However, these systems exhibit inherent limitations such as brittleness, opacity, and unpredictable behavior in out-of-distribution scenarios. The European Union (EU) Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act, as a pioneering legislative framework, aims to address these challenges by establishing stringent norms and standards for AI systems, including those used in autonomous driving (AD), which are categorized as high-risk AI. In this work, we explore how the newly available generative AI models can potentially support addressing upcoming regulatory requirements in AD perception, particularly with respect to safety. This short review paper summarizes the requirements arising from the EU AI Act regarding DNN-based perception systems and systematically categorizes existing generative AI applications in AD. While generative AI models show promise in addressing some of the EU AI Acts requirements, such as transparency and robustness, this review examines their potential benefits and discusses how developers could leverage these methods to enhance compliance with the Act. The paper also highlights areas where further research is needed to ensure reliable and safe integration of these technologies.
Additional file 2 of Prioritising pathogens for the management of severe febrile patients to improve clinical care in low- and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Osborn, Jennifer
name: Roberts, Teri
name: Guillen, Ethan
name: Bernal, Oscar
name: Roddy, Paul
name: Ongarello, Stefano
name: Sprecher, Armand
name: Anne-Laure Page
name: Ribeiro, Isabela
name: Piriou, Erwan
name: Abiy Tamrat
name: Tour, Roberto
name: V. Rao
name: Flevaud, Laurence
name: Jensen, Tomas
name: McIver, Lachlan
name: Kelly, Cassandra
name: Dittrich, Sabine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Expert survey.
Spectral modeling of type II supernovae II. A machine learning approach to quantitative spectroscopic analysis
Creators: name: Vogl, C.
name: Kerzendorf, W. E.
name: Sim, S. A.
name: Noebauer, U. M.
name: Lietzau, S.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are now hundreds of publicly available supernova spectral time series. Radiative transfer modeling of this data gives insights into the physical properties of these explosions such as the composition, the density structure, or the intrinsic luminosity---this is invaluable for understanding the supernova progenitors, the explosion mechanism, or for constraining the supernova distance. However, a detailed parameter study of the available data has been out of reach due to the high dimensionality of the problem coupled with the still significant computational expense. We tackle this issue through the use of machine-learning emulators, which are algorithms for high-dimensional interpolation. These use a pre-calculated training dataset to mimic the output of a complex code but with run times orders of magnitude shorter. We present the application of such an emulator to synthetic type II supernova spectra generated with the TARDIS radiative transfer code. The results show that with a relatively small training set of 780 spectra we can generate emulated spectra with interpolation uncertainties of less than one percent. We demonstrate the utility of this method by automatic spectral fitting of two well-known type IIP supernovae; as an exemplary application, we determine the supernova distances from the spectral fits using the tailored-expanding-photosphere method. We compare our results to previous studies and find good agreement. This suggests that emulation of TARDIS spectra can likely be used to perform automatic and detailed analysis of many transient classes putting the analysis of large data repositories within reach.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, submitted to A&A
Hiring New Ideas: International Migration and Firm Innovation in New Zealand
Creators: name: McLeo, Keith
name: Fabling, Richard
name: Mare, David C.
name: McLeo, Keith
name: Fabling, Richard
name: Mare, David C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Innovation
subject: workforce composition
subject: immigrants
subject: returning New Zealanders

description: Poor productivity performance has been identified as a significant issue for New Zealand, and innovation is seen as a key mechanism for improving productivity growth. Understanding the drivers of firm innovation therefore represents an important step towards improving New Zealand’s economic performance. In this paper, we combine firm-level innovation data with worker characteristics to examine links between innovation and the presence of new arrivals – both immigrants and returning New Zealanders – in the firm’s workforce. Across a range of measures we find positive relationships between firm-level innovation and the share of new arrivals. These relationships weaken once we account for variation in firm characteristics (firm size, industry, R&D expenditure) and other worker characteristics (including the share of new and/or high skilled workers). Within new arrivals, innovation outcomes are most strongly associated with high skilled workers, though magnitudes vary depending on whether workers are returning New Zealanders or immigrants. Firms with a higher share of high skilled recent migrants were more likely to report introducing new marketing methods, new goods and services, or goods and services new to New Zealand. Firms with a higher share of high skilled returning New Zealanders were more likely to report introducing new organisational and managerial practices, and (as with migrants) goods and services new to New Zealand.
Is Graph Structure Necessary for Multi-hop Question Answering?
Creators: name: Shao, Nan
name: Cui, Yiming
name: Liu, Ting
name: Wang, Shijin
name: Hu, Guoping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, attempting to model texts as graph structure and introducing graph neural networks to deal with it has become a trend in many NLP research areas. In this paper, we investigate whether the graph structure is necessary for multi-hop question answering. Our analysis is centered on HotpotQA. We construct a strong baseline model to establish that, with the proper use of pre-trained models, graph structure may not be necessary for multi-hop question answering. We point out that both graph structure and adjacency matrix are task-related prior knowledge, and graph-attention can be considered as a special case of self-attention. Experiments and visualized analysis demonstrate that graph-attention or the entire graph structure can be replaced by self-attention or Transformers.
description: 6 pages, to appear at EMNLP 2020
That Sinking Feeling: The Changing Price of Disaster Risk Following an Earthquake
Creators: name: Timar, Levente
name: Grimes, Arthur
name: Fabling, Richard
name: Timar, Levente
name: Grimes, Arthur
name: Fabling, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Property values
subject: earthquake risk
subject: cognitive dissonance
subject: hedonic model
subject: repeat sales model

description: We treat the Canterbury (Christchurch) earthquake sequence as a potential source of new risk information to home buyers in New Zealand. We compare pre- and post-earthquake sales of properties in two other urban areas of the country (one with high and one with low seismicity) to estimate how the pricing of earthquake-related risks changed following the Canterbury earthquakes. Specifically, we test for changes in risk premia associated with soil liquefaction potential, previously a largely ignored hazard, and changes in premia for house construction types (such as brick) that previously were well-known to be less safe in an earthquake. By exploiting two types of risk (one previously ignored and one well-recognised by households) across two areas with differing seismic risks, pre- and post-earthquake, we use a difference-in-difference-in-difference approach to test hypotheses about how people respond to a new clearly defined risk that is important only in certain circumstances. We find no evidence that the price of known construction risk changed in either seismic area and no evidence of a change in the price of liquefaction risk in the low seismic area following the Canterbury earthquakes. However, we do find strong evidence that a liquefaction risk discount emerged in the high seismic area immediately after the Canterbury earthquakes. These findings are all in accord with rational responses to risk following the earthquakes. However, the liquefaction risk discount in the high seismic area dissipated after two years and had disappeared entirely within three years of the earthquakes. This finding is similar to those identified in a limited number of previous empirical studies on responses to natural hazard events. While we cannot rule out entirely that this time-varying risk premium is a rational response to risk (e.g. because of changing expectations around insurable versus non-insurable risks), we find it more plausible that these changing risk discounts reflect behavioural responses to risk as indicated in the cognitive dissonance literature.
Additional file 1 of Emotion regulation training in the treatment of obesity in young adolescents: protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Taaike Debeuf
name: Verbeken, Sandra
name: Boelens, Elisa
name: Volkaert, Brenda
name: Malderen, Eva
name: Michels, Nathalie
name: Braet, Caroline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Informed consent.
Non-universal Casimir forces at Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal gas: effect of Dirichlet boundary conditions
Creators: name: Napiorkowski, M.
name: Piasecki, J.
name: Turner, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Casimir forces for an ideal Bose gas enclosed between two infinite parallel walls separated by the distance D. The walls are characterized by the Dirichlet boundary conditions. We show that if the thermodynamic state with Bose-Einstein condensate present is correctly approached along the path pertinent to the Dirichlet b.c. then the leading term describing the large-distance decay of thermal Casimir force between the walls is 1/D^2 with a non-universal amplitude. The next order correction is lnD/D^3. These observations remain in contrast with the decay law for both the periodic and Neumann boundary conditions for which the leading term is 1/D^3 with a universal amplitude. We associate this discrepancy with the non-zero D-dependent positive value of the one-particle ground state energy in the case of Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Modelling Changing Rural Land Use in New Zealand 1997 to 2008 Using a Multinomial Logit Approach
Creators: name: Dorner, Zack
name: Hyslop, Dean
name: Dorner, Zack
name: Hyslop, Dean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land use
subject: rural
subject: conversion
subject: multinomial logit
subject: land sales
subject: marginal land

description: Rural land use in New Zealand is an important driver of economic activity and has clear implications for the environment, including for biodiversity, climate change emissions and water quality. The spatial distribution and aggregate shares of rural land use is always changing, but change occurs slowly. To better understand the drivers of rural land use change, this paper addresses three questions using the popular multinomial logit modelling approach. First, do recent commodity prices have any predictive power on land use conversions? Second, is recently sold land more likely to change use? Third, does land which is marginal between uses have identifiable characteristics? The data used consists of the New Zealand Landcover Database version 3 (LCDB3), with observations in 1997, 2002 and 2008; 6 year average profitability data for dairy, sheep and beef and forestry; QVNZ land sales data; and I control for land quality and Maori tenure. In answering the first and third questions, I evaluate the predictive power of a spatially explicit land use share multinomial logit model, estimated from 2002 cross-sectional variation. To supplement the land use share multinomial logit for questions one and three, and to address question two, I use a land use transition multinomial logit, estimating the likelihood of transition from a single starting land use between 1997 and 2002, similar to Lubowski et al. (2008). Finally, I compare the two modelling approaches.