cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shadow surface states in topological Kondo insulators
Creators: name: Ghazaryan, Areg
name: Nica, Emilian M.
name: Erten, Onur
name: Ghaemi, Pouyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface states of 3D topological insulators in general have negligible quantum oscillations when the chemical potential is tuned to the Dirac points. In contrast, we find that topological Kondo insulators can support surface states with an arbitrarily large Fermi surface when the chemical potential is pinned to the Dirac point. We illustrate that these Fermi surfaces give rise to finite-frequency quantum oscillations, which can become comparable to the extremal area of the unhybridized bulk bands. We show that this occurs when the crystal symmetry is lowered from cubic to tetragonal in a minimal two-orbital model. We label such surface modes as `shadow surface states'. Moreover, we show that the sufficient next-nearest neighbor out-of-plane hybridization leading to shadow surface states can be self-consistently stabilized for tetragonal topological Kondo insulators. Consequently, shadow surface states provide an important example of high-frequency quantum oscillations beyond the context of cubic topological Kondo insulators.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Efficient Data Routing Strategy for Scalable Distributed Mobile Multiprocessor Networks
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 100503 Computer Communications Networks
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, we present a novel scheme called SEEK (Spatial Embedded Environment Knowledge) to efficiently route data while performing location management dynamically for a scalable distributed mobile multiprocessor network. Our first novel idea uses an ‘age’ parameter to elect non-static location servers in each local partition. We use the term ‘location server’ loosely, since all the nodes in the network have equal likelihood of being elected a Location Manager. Secondly, our method incorporates path set-up for data transfer during location inquiry and update steps. Furthermore, our algorithm accounts for the dynamic nature of intermediate nodes in which these nodes may also be moving during data routing. The main contributions of our paper are: -A unique addressing scheme that is hierarchical and exploits locality. -We present the SEEK set of algorithms that perform location management and data routing by establishing partitions of nodes for local identification. -We use age as a parameter to determine partition location managers in each dynamic environment. -We incorporate data routing strategy in the location inquiry/update stage. -Finally, we present theoretical analysis to show the complexity of our scheme and computer simulations to illustrate the performance of SEEK.
Chiral condensates from tau decay: a critical reappraisal
Creators: name: Bordes, Jose
name: Dominguez, Cesareo A.
name: Penarrocha, Jose
name: Schilcher, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The saturation of QCD chiral sum rules is reanalyzed in view of the new and complete analysis of the ALEPH experimental data on the difference between vector and axial-vector correlators (V-A). Ordinary finite energy sum rules (FESR) exhibit poor saturation up to energies below the tau-lepton mass. A remarkable improvement is achieved by introducing pinched, as well as minimizing polynomial integral kernels. Both methods are used to determine the dimension d=6 and d=8 vacuum condensates in the Operator Product Expansion, with the results: {O}_{6}=-(0.00226 \pm 0.00055) GeV^6, and O_8=-(0.0053 \pm 0.0033) GeV^8 from pinched FESR, and compatible values from the minimizing polynomial FESR. Some higher dimensional condensates are also determined, although we argue against extending the analysis beyond dimension d = 8. The value of the finite remainder of the (V-A) correlator at zero momentum is also redetermined: Π(0)= -4 \bar{L}_{10}=0.02579 \pm 0.00023. The stability and precision of the predictions are significantly improved compared to earlier calculations using the old ALEPH data. Finally, the role and limits of applicability of the Operator Product Expansion in this channel are clarified.
description: Replaced version
A BAYESIAN APPROACH TO OPTIMAL CROSS-HEDGING OF COTTONSEED PRODUCTS USING SOYBEAN COMPLEX FUTURES
Creators: name: Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Turner, Steven C.
name: Rahman, Shaikh Mahfuzur
name: Dorfman, Jeffrey H.
name: Turner, Steven C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Cottonseed crushers face substantial risk in terms of input and output price variability and they are limited in their planning by the lack of viable futures markets for cottonseed or cottonseed products. This study examines the feasibility of cross-hedging cottonseed products using soybean complex futures. Bayesian tests for market efficiency are performed on the cash and futures prices. The test results reject the presence of nonstationary roots, leading to the conclusion that the markets are not efficient. Different cross-hedging strategies are designed and analyzed for eight different hedging horizons in order to maximize the expected profit and utility of the crusher. A Bayesian approach is employed to estimate the parameters, which is consistent with expected utility maximization in the presence of estimation risk. The investigation reveals that both whole cottonseed and cottonseed products can be successfully cross-hedged using soybean complex futures. The profitability of cross-hedging cottonseed products depends not only on the appropriate size of the contract but also on the optimal choice of strategy consistent with the time of placing and lifting hedge and the appropriate hedging horizon.
Low-complexity eigenstates of a $ν= 1/3$ fractional quantum Hall system
Creators: name: Nachtergaele, Bruno
name: Warzel, Simone
name: Young, Amanda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B10, 82B20

description: We identify the the ground-state of a truncated version of Haldane's pseudo-potential Hamiltonian in a thin cylinder geometry as being composed of exponentially many fragmented matrix product states. These states are constructed by lattice tilings and their properties are discussed. We also report on a proof of a spectral gap, which implies the incompressibility of the underlying fractional quantum Hall liquid at maximal filling $ν= 1/3$. Low-energy excitations and an extensive number of many-body scars at positive energy density, but nevertheless low complexity, are also identified using the concept of tilings.
An Optimal Parallel Algorithm for the Longest Common Subsequence Problem on CREW-PRAM Model
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80199 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A subsequence of a given string is any string obtained by deleting none or some symbols from the given string. A longest common subsequence of two strings is a common subsequence of both that is as long as any other common subsequences. The longest commons subsequence problem is to find a longest common subsequence of two given strings. The complexity of the problem on the decision tree model is known as mn, where m and n are the lengths of these two strings, respectively, and m <= n. We present a parallel algorithm for this problem on the CREW PRAM model, which takes O(log2 m log log m) time with mn / log2 m log log m processors when log2 m log log m > log n, or otherwise O(log n) time with mn / log n processors.
Rugged Fitness Landscapes of Kauffman Model with a Scale-Free Network
Creators: name: Iguchi, Kazumoto
name: Kinoshita, Shuichi
name: Yamada, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nature of fitness landscapes of 'quenched' Kauffman's Boolean model with a scale-free network. We have numerically calculated the rugged fitness landscapes, the distributions, its tails, and the correlation between the fitness of local optima and their Hamming distance from the highest optimum found, respectively. We have found that (a) there is an interesting difference between the random and the scale-free networks such that the statistics of the rugged fitness landscapes is Gaussian for the random network while it is non-Gaussian with a tail for the scale-free network; (b) as the average degree $$ increases, there is a phase transition at the critical value of $ = < k >_{c} = 2$, below which there is a global order and above which the order goes away.
description: 4 figures. to be published in Phys. Rev. E
A package for computations with sparse resultants
Creators: name: Staglianò, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13P15, 68W30

description: We introduce the Macaulay2 package SparseResultants, which provides general tools for computing sparse resultants, sparse discriminants, and hyperdeterminants. We give some background on the theory and briefly show how the package works.
description: Published in the J. Softw. Alg. Geom
IS YIELD RESPONSE SITE-SPECIFIC? REVISITING NITROGEN RECOMMENDATIONS ON CORN
Creators: name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Liu, Yanyan
name: Miller, Neil R.
name: Swinton, Scott M.
name: Liu, Yanyan
name: Miller, Neil R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Variable rate application (VRA) of fertilizer to U.S. cereal crops has provided uneven profitability results. Typically, yield response is negligible and input costs savings are insufficient to cover the added information and equipment costs of the technology. Largely overlooked has been the possibility that typical state-level fertilizer recommendations might be unsuited to VRA management. This research uses experimental data from 1999-2001 on 14 farm fields in south-central Michigan to test the hypothesis that site characteristics interact with nitrogen in affecting corn yield. Included among the site characteristics are a) soil test data, b) soil electrical conductivity, and c) terrain traits (potential wetness and insolation indexes). Site characteristics were found to interact significantly with nitrogen in affecting corn yield response in all three years. The difference in gross margins between VRA using site-characteristic based recommendations and uniform fertilizer application using whole-field or state-level recommendations was not enough to cover the cost of soil testing and VRA for most fields and years at current fertilizer and corn prices. Given that the costs of implementing VRA fertilization could not be recovered, few growers are likely to be willing to pay the added costs of experimentation and data analysis to develop site-specific recommendations, at least under conditions like those evaluated here.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 08/19/02.
BT COTTON IN ARGENTINA: ANALYZING ADOPTION AND FARMERS' WILLINGNESS TO PAY
Creators: name: Qaim, Matin
name: De Janvry, Alain
name: Qaim, Matin
name: De Janvry, Alain
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Unlike several other countries, where Bt cotton is being rapidly adopted, in Argentina technology diffusion has been rather slow. Based on recent survey data, it is shown that the technology significantly reduces insecticide applications and increases yields; however, these advantages are curbed by the high price charged for genetically modified seeds. Using the contingent valuation method, it is shown that farmer's average willingness to pay for Bt cotton is less than half the actual market price. A lower price would not only increase benefits for cotton growers, but could also multiply the profits of the monopoly seed producer, thus resulting in a Pareto improvement. Implications of the sub-optimal pricing strategy are discussed.
Dilated Fully Convolutional Neural Network for Depth Estimation from a Single Image
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has achieved particularly good results on depth estimation from a single image. However, certain disadvantages exist including: (1) Traditional CNNs adopt pooling layers to increase the receptive field, but it will lower the resolution and cause the information loss. (2) Almost all frameworks of CNN proposed for depth estimation apply the fully connected layers to obtain global information and they will introduce too many parameters which often result in out-of-memory problems. In this paper, we present a new module named dilated fully convolutional neural network to tackle these disadvantages. On one hand, the developed method takes advantages of dilated convolutions that can support the exponential expansion of the receptive field without loss of resolution; On the other hand, our module replaces the fully connected layers with the fully convolutional layers, which can significantly reduce the number of parameters to make our module more universal. By experiments, we show that the presented module achieves state-of-the-art results on NYU Depth V2 datasets.
RISK MANAGEMENT THROUGH ENTERPRISE DIVERSIFICATION: A FARM-LEVEL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Farm Management
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Enterprise diversification is a self-insuring strategy used by farmers to protect against risk. This paper examines the impact of various farm, operator, and household characteristics on the level of on-farm diversification. Results provide evidence that larger farms are more specialized. Also, farmers who participate in off-farm income and farms located near urban areas are less likely to diversify. Additionally, results also show a significant positive relationship between diversification and farm/crop insurance and sole proprietorships. Finally, there is also evidence that farms that received government payments are more diversified than their counterparts.
Crossover from mesoscopic to universal phase for electron transmission in quantum dots
Creators: name: Avinun-Kalish, M.
name: Heiblum, M.
name: Zarchin, O.
name: Mahalu, D.
name: Umansky, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring phase in coherent electron systems (mesoscopic systems) provides ample information not easily revealed by conductance measurements. Phase measurements in relatively large quantum dots (QDs) recently demonstrated a universal like phase evolution independent of dot size, shape, and occupancy. Explicitly, in Coulomb blockaded QDs the transmission phase increased monotonically by pi throughout each conductance peak, thereafter, in the conductance valleys the phase returned sharply to its base value. Expected mesoscopic features in the phase, related to spin degeneracy or to exchange effects, were never observed. Presently, there is no satisfactory full explanation for the observed phase universality. Unfortunately, the phase in a few-electron QDs, where it can be better understood was never measured. Here we report on such measurements on a small QD that occupy only 1-20 electrons. Such dot was embedded in one arm of a two path electron interferometer, with an electron counter near the dot. Unlike the repetitive behavior found in larger dots we found now mesoscopic features for dot occupation of less than some 10 electrons. An unexpected feature in this regime is a clear observation of the occupation of two different orbital states by the first two electrons - contrary to the recent publications. As the occupation increased the phase evolved and turned universal like for some 14 electrons and higher. The present measurements allowed us to determine level occupancy and parity. More importantly, they suggest that QDs go through a phase transition, from mesoscopic to universal like behavior, as the occupancy increases. These measurements help in singling out potential few theoretical models among the many proposed.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Unsupervised Semantic Hashing with Pairwise Reconstruction
Creators: name: Hansen, Casper
name: Hansen, Christian
name: Simonsen, Jakob Grue
name: Alstrup, Stephen
name: Lioma, Christina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Semantic Hashing is a popular family of methods for efficient similarity search in large-scale datasets. In Semantic Hashing, documents are encoded as short binary vectors (i.e., hash codes), such that semantic similarity can be efficiently computed using the Hamming distance. Recent state-of-the-art approaches have utilized weak supervision to train better performing hashing models. Inspired by this, we present Semantic Hashing with Pairwise Reconstruction (PairRec), which is a discrete variational autoencoder based hashing model. PairRec first encodes weakly supervised training pairs (a query document and a semantically similar document) into two hash codes, and then learns to reconstruct the same query document from both of these hash codes (i.e., pairwise reconstruction). This pairwise reconstruction enables our model to encode local neighbourhood structures within the hash code directly through the decoder. We experimentally compare PairRec to traditional and state-of-the-art approaches, and obtain significant performance improvements in the task of document similarity search.
description: Accepted at SIGIR'20
Dynamically generated baryon resonances
Creators: name: Lutz, M. F. M.
name: Hofmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying a zero-range exchange of vector mesons as the driving force for the s-wave scattering of pseudo-scalar mesons off the baryon ground states, a rich spectrum of molecules is formed. We argue that chiral symmetry and large-$N_c$ considerations determine that part of the interaction which generates the spectrum. We suggest the existence of strongly bound crypto-exotic baryons, which contain a charm-anti-charm pair. Such states are narrow since they can decay only via OZI-violating processes. A narrow nucleon resonance is found at mass 3.52 GeV. It is a coupled-channel bound state of the $(η_c N), (\bar D Σ_c)$ system, which decays dominantly into the $(η' N)$ channel. Furthermore two isospin singlet hyperon states at mass 3.23 GeV and 3.58 GeV are observed as a consequence of coupled-channel interactions of the $(\bar D_s Λ_c), (\bar D Ξ_c)$ and $(η_c Λ),(\bar D Ξ_c')$ states. Most striking is the small width of about 1 MeV of the lower state. The upper state may be significantly broader due to a strong coupling to the $(η' Λ)$ state. The spectrum of crypto-exotic charm-zero states is completed with an isospin triplet state at 3.93 GeV and an isospin doublet state at 3.80 GeV. The dominant decay modes involve again the $η'$ meson.
description: Talk presented at N*2005, 10 pages, 1 figure
Object Detection in Hazy Environment Enhanced by Preprocessing Image Dataset with Synthetic Haze
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80104 Computer Vision
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection in hazy environment has always been a difficult task in the autonomous driving field. Huge breakthrough is hard to achieve due to the lack of large-scale hazy image dataset with detailed labels. In this work, we present a simple and flexible algorithm to generate synthetic haze to MS COCO training dataset, which aims to enhance the performance of object detection in haze when taking the new synthesized hazy images as training dataset. Our algorithm is inspired by the Multiple Linear Regression Dark Channel Prior (MLDCP), and we obtain a general model that can add synthetic haze to haze-free images by implementing Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) to the reversed MLDCP model. We further evaluate the mean average precision (mAP) of Mask R-CNN when we train the network with the Hazy-COCO training dataset and preprocessing test hazy dataset with existing single image dehazing algorithms.
Quantum Key Distribution with Blind Polarization Bases
Creators: name: Kye, Won-Ho
name: Kim, Chil-Min
name: Kim, M. S.
name: Park, Young-Jai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new quantum key distribution scheme that uses the blind polarization basis. In our scheme the sender and the receiver share key information by exchanging qubits with arbitrary polarization angles without basis reconciliation. As only random polarizations are transmitted, our protocol is secure even when a key is embedded in a not-so-weak coherent-state pulse. We show its security against the photon number splitting attack and the impersonation attack.
description: Security has been improved upon referee's comment. 4 pages and 2 figures
RECENT FOOD CONSUMPTION PATTERN OF JAPANESE HOUSEHOLDS: DRIVING FORCES BEHIND WESTERNIZATION
Creators: name: Tokoyama, Yuki
name: Takagi, Shingo
name: Ishibashi, Kimiko
name: Chern, Wen S.
name: Tokoyama, Yuki
name: Takagi, Shingo
name: Ishibashi, Kimiko
name: Chern, Wen S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: A complete demand system for 11 aggregated food categories with 24 demographic variables, is specified following QUAIDS and is estimated using Japanese household level data. The estimation results suggest that westernization is due to the income effect and the tendency is further enhanced by the demographic factors.
Exploring Sensitivity of ICF Outputs to Design Parameters in Experiments Using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Nakhleh, Julia B.
name: Fernández-Godino, M. Giselle
name: Grosskopf, Michael J.
name: Wilson, Brandon M.
name: Kline, John
name: Srinivasan, Gowri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building a sustainable burn platform in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) requires an understanding of the complex coupling of physical processes and the effects that key experimental design changes have on implosion performance. While simulation codes are used to model ICF implosions, incomplete physics and the need for approximations deteriorate their predictive capability. Identification of relationships between controllable design inputs and measurable outcomes can help guide the future design of experiments and development of simulation codes, which can potentially improve the accuracy of the computational models used to simulate ICF implosions. In this paper, we leverage developments in machine learning (ML) and methods for ML feature importance/sensitivity analysis to identify complex relationships in ways that are difficult to process using expert judgment alone. We present work using random forest (RF) regression for prediction of yield, velocity, and other experimental outcomes given a suite of design parameters, along with an assessment of important relationships and uncertainties in the prediction model. We show that RF models are capable of learning and predicting on ICF experimental data with high accuracy, and we extract feature importance metrics that provide insight into the physical significance of different controllable design inputs for various ICF design configurations. These results can be used to augment expert intuition and simulation results for optimal design of future ICF experiments.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures. Published in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, July 2021 (see Journal Reference info)
A Reconfigurable Approximate Floating-Point Multiplier with kNN
Creators: name: Lu, Mi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Computer Engineering

description: Abstract—Due to the high demands for computing, the available resources always lack. The approximate computing technique is the key to lowering hardware complexity and improving energy efficiency and performance. However, it is a challenge to properly design approximate multipliers since input data are unseen to users. This challenge can be overcome by Machine Learning (ML) classifiers. ML classifiers can predict the detailed feature of upcoming input data. Previous approximate multipliers are designed using simple adders based on ML classifiers but by using a simple adder-based approximate multiplier, the level of approximation cannot change at runtime. To overcome this drawback, using an accumulator and reconfigurable adders instead of simple adders are proposed in this paper. Also, the rounding technique is applied to approximate floating-point multipliers for further improvement. Our experimental results show that when the error tolerance of our target application is less than 5%, the proposed approximate multiplier can save area by 70.98%, and when the error tolerance is less than 3%, a rounding enhanced simple adders-based approximate multiplier can save area by 65.9% and a reconfigurable adderbased approximate multiplier with rounding can reduce the average delay and energy by 54.95% and 46.67% respectively compared to an exact multiplier.
Reconstructing Dark Matter Density with e^+e^- Linear Collider in Focus-Point Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Moroi, Takeo
name: Shimizu, Yasuhiro
name: Yotsuyanagi, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been known that, in the focus point scenario of supersymmetry, the thermal relic of the lightest superparticle (LSP) is known to be a good candidate of the cold dark matter. Assuming that the LSP in the focus-point scenario be the cold dark matter, we address a question how and how well the relic density of the LSP can be determined once the superparticles are found at future e^+e^- linear collider. We will see that the determinations of the mass of the LSP as well as those of the Higgsino-like chargino and neutralinos, which will be possible by a study of the decay kinematics of the chargino or by threshold scan, will give us important information to theoretically reconstruct the relic density. Even if the Higgsino-like superparticles and the LSP are the only superparticles which are kinematically accessible, relic density of the LSP may be calculated with the accuracy of factor \sim 2; by adopting a mild theoretical assumption or by determining the masses of the Wino-like superparticles, uncertaintiy can be reduced to \sim 10 % or smaller.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
SUCCESS OR FAILURE? ORDERED PROBIT APPROACHES TO MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT
Creators: name: Langpap, Christian
name: Kerkvliet, Joe
name: Langpap, Christian
name: Kerkvliet, Joe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Endangered Species Act (ESA) is one of the most controversial pieces of environmental legislation. Part of the controversy stems from doubts about its effectiveness in generating improvements in species viability. This paper uses ordered probit models to test whether the ESA has been successful in promoting species recovery. We find a negative correlation between listing and species recovery. Additionally, we find evidence of positive effects for species-specific spending and the achievement of recovery goals. The evidence also shows that recovery plan completion and the designation of critical habit are not correlated or negatively correlated with recovery.
SLIPPAGE OR SPURIOUS CORRELATION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CONSERVATION RESERVE PROGRAM
Creators: name: Bucholtz, Shawn
name: Roberts, Michael J.
name: Bucholtz, Shawn
name: Roberts, Michael J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Previous research finds that some environmental benefits stemming from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) are offset by slippage: farmers simply plant more acreage to substitute for land that was idled. Our analysis shows that previous slippage estimates likely stem from spurious correlation. Most land retired under CRP is of lower-than-average quality. Due to the marginal economic viability of these lands they also are more likely to move both into and out of agricultural production. CRP enrollments therefore will be spatially correlated with non-cropland to cropland conversions even if no slippage is present. Using time-series rather than cross-sectional variation in CRP enrollments, we obtain new slippage estimates that control for land heterogeneity using fixed and random effects. Contrary to previous findings, we find little or no slippage in the form of new plantings of commodity crops. Moderate CRP-induced plantings take the form of new hay plantings that arise mostly from converted pastureland, but these conversions create little in the way of unintended environmental damages. Total commodity production is reduced by less than the proportion of acres idled because land retired is of lower-than-average quality and because it sometimes stood fallow or in hay before it was enrolled in CRP. Aside from its policy implications, our study demonstrates the crucial importance of accounting for spatial heterogeneity in empirical research.
Integrable Discrete Equations Derived by Similarity Reduction of the Extended Discrete KP Hierarchy
Creators: name: Svinin, Andrei K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the extended discrete KP hierarchy and show that similarity reduction of its subhierarchies lead to purely discrete equations with dependence on some number of parameters together with equations governing deformations with respect to these parameters. It is written down discrete equations which naturally generalize the first discrete Painlevé equation $\mathrm{dP}_{\rm I}$ in a sense that autonomous version of these equations admit the limit to the first Painlevé equation. It is shown that each of these equations describes Bäcklund transformations of Veselov-Shabat periodic dressing lattices with odd period known also as Noumi-Yamada systems of type $A_{2(n-1)}^{(1)}$.
description: Published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
STARLINK: IMPACTS ON THE U.S. CORN MARKET AND WORLD TRADE
Creators: name: Lin, William W.
name: Price, Gregory K.
name: Allen, Edward W.
name: Lin, William W.
name: Price, Gregory K.
name: Allen, Edward W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: StarLink disrupted the U.S. corn market during the marketing year of 2000/01 as a result of inadvertent commingling. The potential volume of marketed StarLink-commingled corn from the 2000 crop located in areas near wet and dry millers prior to October 1, 2000, is estimated at 124 million bushels. Price differentials between StarLink-free and StarLink-commingled corn existed during the early stage of the incident, but eroded quickly. While StarLink has had a negative impact on U.S. corn exports, most of the reduction in exports to Japan and South Korea during November 2000 and March 2002 is due to Japan's increased purchases from South Africa, China's decision to continue to subsidize exports, increased competition from the large back-to-back crops in Argentina, and a record Brazilian crop.
Low vorticity and small gas expansion in premixed flames
Creators: name: Denet, Bruno
name: Bychkov, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different approaches to the nonlinear dynamics of premixed flames exist in the literature: equations based on developments in a gas ex- pansion parameter, weak nonlinearity approximation, potential model equation in a coordinate-free form. However the relation between these different equations is often unclear. Starting here with the low vor- ticity approximation proposed recently by one of the authors, we are able to recover from this formulation the dynamical equations usually obtained at the lowest orders in gas expansion for plane on average flames, as well as obtain a new second order coordinate-free equation extending the potential flow model known as the Frankel equation. It is also common to modify gas expansion theories into phenomelogical equations, which agree quantitatively better with numerical simula- tions. We discuss here what are the restrictions imposed by the gas expansion development results on this process.
MEASURING ACCESS TO FOOD IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE CASE OF LATIN AMERICA
Creators: name: Meade, Birgit Gisela Saager
name: Rosen, Stacey L.
name: Meade, Birgit Gisela Saager
name: Rosen, Stacey L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: The participants at the food summit organized by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1996 pledged to reduce the number of hungry by half by 2015. Measuring and quantifying food insecurity is a crucial component of making progress towards that goal. This paper presents one possible approach towards measuring what share of the population might be affected by food insecurity and to what extent. A food security threshold can be calculated as the sum of the cost of a food basket and the cost of other basic necessities. This food security threshold can then be compared to available income. We calculated two food security threshold levels, one based on a representative healthy food basket and one based on a low-cost healthy food basket. The approach is illustrated for nine lower income Latin American countries. To examine the implications of skewed income distribution on food security, we allocated national income across five income groups within each country according to income distribution data from the World Bank and then compared these per capita income levels of the five quintiles to the food security thresholds. Honduras and Nicaragua were found to be the most food insecure countries with 40 percent of the population estimated to be unable to afford the healthy low-cost food basket.
Self-supervised Human Activity Recognition by Learning to Predict Cross-Dimensional Motion
Creators: name: Taghanaki, Setareh Rahimi
name: Rainbow, Michael
name: Etemad, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose the use of self-supervised learning for human activity recognition with smartphone accelerometer data. Our proposed solution consists of two steps. First, the representations of unlabeled input signals are learned by training a deep convolutional neural network to predict a segment of accelerometer values. Our model exploits a novel scheme to leverage past and present motion in x and y dimensions, as well as past values of the z axis to predict values in the z dimension. This cross-dimensional prediction approach results in effective pretext training with which our model learns to extract strong representations. Next, we freeze the convolution blocks and transfer the weights to our downstream network aimed at human activity recognition. For this task, we add a number of fully connected layers to the end of the frozen network and train the added layers with labeled accelerometer signals to learn to classify human activities. We evaluate the performance of our method on three publicly available human activity datasets: UCI HAR, MotionSense, and HAPT. The results show that our approach outperforms the existing methods and sets new state-of-the-art results.
description: This paper is accepted to ISWC 2021 -- Notes & Briefs
ENSO Forecast Value, Variable Climate and Stochastic Prices
Creators: name: Letson, David
name: Podesta, Guillermo
name: Messina, Carlos
name: Ferreyra, Andres
name: Letson, David
name: Podesta, Guillermo
name: Messina, Carlos
name: Ferreyra, Andres
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: We evaluate ENSO forecasts when prices are variable and ENSO is a portion of overall climatic variability. Forecast responses include crop mix, cultivar,fertilization, and planting date. Price changes reduce forecast value by excluding responses. Predictable income variability (ENSO-related), as a share of the total, evaluates forecast skill.
INTEGRATING SUSTAINABILITY IN AGRICULTURE - TRADE-OFFS AND ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES DEMONSTRATED WITH A FARM MODEL IN BAVARIA
Creators: name: Meyer-Aurich, Andreas
name: Matthes, Ulrich
name: Osinski, Elisabeth
name: Meyer-Aurich, Andreas
name: Matthes, Ulrich
name: Osinski, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management

description: Within the German "Research Alliance on Agroecosystems Munich" (Forschungsverbund Agrarökosysteme München, FAM) optimal land use strategies are investigated since 1990 in terms of minimization of environmental impacts and maximization of profit from agricultural lands (Auerswald et al. 2000). For this purpose a conventional agricultural land use system was converted into two more sustainable forms of land use. One part of the farm was converted into an integrated land use system with reduced tillage, direct seeding methods and catch crops to minimize nutrient losses and to prevent soil erosion hazards. The other part of the farm was converted into a biological land use system with the omission of mineral fertilizers and pesticides and the enrichment of crop rotation. In order to evaluate changes in the state of the agroecosystem a goal and indicator system was elaborated which was aimed to represent important issues of sustainable agriculture. With the help of the goal and indicator system the impact of land use on issues of sustainability can be assessed. The indicators are furthermore integrated into a farm model to assess the implications of the realization of environmental issues in agriculture. For this purpose the model system MODAM (Zander & Kächele 1999) was used to compare different land use options at the farm level. The model system simulates agricultural land use, calculates the economic returns and runs farm optimizations with a linear programming tool. The integration of agro-environmental indicators in the model framework enables a multiple goal optimization and the calculation of trade-offs. For this study soil erosion was assessed with the algorithms of a site-specifically adapted version of the USLE (ABAG, Schwertmann et al. 1987). Optimization runs show, that e.g. soil conservation measures may not only improve soil conservation, but also the economic situation. A slight improvement of soil conservation results in marginal opportunity costs for the farm. With the realization of a higher level of soil protection opportunity costs rise exponentially. The calculated opportunity costs can give valuable hints on bottlenecks of the realization of sustainable agriculture and help to identify reasonable incentives for a better agriculture. Furthermore conflicts between divagating goals can be identified to find optimal pathways of a sustainable development of agriculture.
The pi N -> pi pi N reaction around the N(1440) energy
Creators: name: Kamano, Hiroyuki
name: Arima, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the pi N -> pi pi N reaction around the N(1440) mass-shell energy. Considering the total cross sections and invariant mass distributions, we discuss the role of N(1440) and its decay processes. The calculation is performed by extending our previous approach [Phys. Rev. C 69, 025206 (2004)] to this reaction, in which only the nucleon and Delta(1232) were considered as intermediate baryon states. The characteristics observed in the recent data for the pi- p -> pi0 pi0 n reaction obtained by Crystal Ball Collaboration (CBC), can be understood as a strong interference between the two decay processes: N(1440) -> pi Delta(1232) and N(1440) -> N(pi pi)_S. It is also found that the scalar-isoscalar pi pi rescattering effect in the NN*(pi pi)_S vertex, which corresponds to the propagation of sigma meson, seems to be necessary for explain ing the several observables of the pi N -> pi pi N reaction: the large asymmetric shape in the pi0-pi0 invariant mass distributions of the pi- p -> pi0 pi0 n reaction and the pi+ p -> pi+ pi+ n total cross section.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures. Version to appear in Phys. Rev. C
LAND-USE CHANGE AND CARBON SEQUESTRATION IN THE FORESTS OF OHIO, INDIANA, AND ILLINOIS: SENSITIVITY TO POPULATION AND MODEL CHOICE
Creators: name: Choi, Suk-Won
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Alig, Ralph J.
name: Choi, Suk-Won
name: Sohngen, Brent
name: Alig, Ralph J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: This study develops a model of land use change in the Midwestern States of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Given the emergence of spatial econometrics, three models are compared to assess the sensitivity of the estimates to alternative assumptions about the distribution of their errors. Projections of future land use change are then developed, and the results are compared across different assumptions about population growth and models. We then estimate carbon sequestration potential in the region and compare the costs of different programs across the population assumptions and the alternative models. Different assumptions about population growth and error terms do not appear to affect the carbon sequestration cost estimates.
Intermodulation Gain in Nonlinear NbN Superconducting Microwave Resonators
Creators: name: Abdo, B.
name: Segev, E.
name: Shtempluck, O.
name: Buks, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the measurement of intermodulation gain in NbN superconducting stripline resonators. In the intermodulation measurements we inject two unequal tones into the oscillator, the pump and signal, both lying within the resonance band. At the onset of instability of the reflected pump we obtain a simultaneous gain of both the idler and the reflected signal. The measured gain in both cases can be as high as 15 dB, whereas to the best of our knowledge intermodulation gain greater than unity in superconducting resonators has not been reported before in the scientific literature.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
Agricultural Productivity and Environmental Impacts: The Role of Non-parametric Analysis
Creators: name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Perrin, Richard K.
name: Shaik, Saleem
name: Perrin, Richard K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Productivity Analysis

description: Our contribution in this article is to compare two methods of adjusting agricultural productivity estimates for the effects of bad environmental outputs. One method is a direct non-parametric Malmquist index with the environmental variables include. The other method is to use the shadow prices from the Malmquist analysis to modify a Tornqvist-Theil with shadow shares for the environmental variables.
The Insignificance of P-R Drag in Detectable Extrasolar Planetesimal Belts
Creators: name: Wyatt, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper considers a simple model in which dust produced in a planetesimal belt migrates in toward the star due to P-R drag suffering destructive collisions with other dust grains on the way. Assuming the dust is all of the same size, the resulting surface density distribution can be derived analytically and depends only on the parameter eta0=5000tau*sqrt(Mstar/r)/beta; this parameter can be determined observationally with the hypothesis that beta=0.5. For massive belts in which eta0>>1 dust is confined to the planetesimal belt, while the surface density of more tenuous belts, in which eta0<<1, is constant with distance from the star. The emission spectrum of dust from planetesimal belts at different distances from different mass stars shows that the dust belts which have been detected to date should have eta0>>1; dust belts with eta0<<1 are hard to detect as they are much fainter than the stellar photosphere. This is confirmed for a sample of 37 debris disk candidates for which eta0 was determined to be >10. This means that these disks are so massive that mutual collisions prevent dust from reaching the inner regions of these systems and P-R drag can be ignored when studying their dynamics. Models for the formation of structure in debris disks by the trapping of particles into planetary resonances by P-R drag should be reconsidered. However, since collisions do not halt 100% of the dust, this means that in the absence of planetary companions debris disk systems should be populated by small quantities of hot dust which may be detectable in the mid-IR. Even in disks with eta0<<1 the temperature of dust emission is shown to be a reliable tracer of the planetesimal distribution meaning that inner holes in the dust distribution imply a lack of colliding planetesimals in the inner regions.
description: 6 pages. Accepted by A&A
Linearity and rate capability measurements of RPC with semi-insulating crystalline electrodes operating in avalanche mode
Creators: name: Rocchi, A.
name: Cardarelli, R.
name: Liberti, B.
name: Aielli, G.
name: Camelia, E. Alunno
name: Camarri, P.
name: Cirillo, M.
name: Di Ciaccio, A.
name: Di Stante, L.
name: Lucci, M.
name: Pastori, E.
name: Pizzimento, L.
name: Proto, G.
name: Tusi, E.
name: Santonico, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intrinsic rate capability and the ageing properties of the Resistive Plate Chambers are closely related to the electrodes material and to the front-end electronics threshold. The development of a low noise pre-amplifier led us to improve the intrinsic rate capability of High Pressure Laminate (bakelite) up to $\sim10\;kHz/cm^2$, nevertheless the effective rate is significantly limited by electrodes ageing. To further improve the effective rate capability new materials are investigated. A Resistive Plate Chamber with crystalline semi-insulating Gallium Arsenide electrodes has been characterized with high energy electrons beam at the Beam Test Facility (BFT), (INFN National Laboratory of Frascati, Italy). The response of the Resistive Plate Chamber to multiple bunched electrons was measured operating the detector in avalanche mode. The intrinsic rate capability has been also measured operating the detector in a uniform high energy gamma radiation field at the GIF++ facility (EHN1 of SPS, CERN).
description: 6 pages, 7 figures