cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bioevaluation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) functionalized with dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP)
Creators: name: Mieloch, Adam Aron
name: Zurawek, Magdalena
name: Giersig, Michael
name: Rozwadowska, Natalia
name: Rybka, Jakub Dalibor
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: tyrosine phosphatases
subject: transferrin receptor
subject: protein corona
subject: biodegradation
subject: expression
subject: ferritin
subject: cancer
subject: MRI
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been investigated for wide variety of applications. Their unique properties render them highly applicable as MRI contrast agents, in magnetic hyperthermia or targeted drug delivery. SPIONs surface properties affect a whole array of parameters such as: solubility, toxicity, stability, biodistribution etc. Therefore, progress in the field of SPIONs surface functionalization is crucial for further development of therapeutic or diagnostic agents. In this study, SPIONs were synthesized by thermal decomposition of iron (III) acetylacetonate Fe(acac) 3 and functionalized with dihexadecyl phosphate (DHP) via phase transfer. Bioactivity of the SPION-DHP was assessed on SW1353 and TCam-2 cancer derived cell lines. The following test were conducted: cytotoxicity and proliferation assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, SPIONs uptake (via Iron Staining and ICP-MS), expression analysis of the following genes: alkaline phosphatase (ALPL); ferritin light chain (FTL); serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A); protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 11 (PTPN11); transferrin receptor 1 (TFRC) via RT-qPCR. SPION-DHP nanoparticles were successfully obtained and did not reveal significant cytotoxicity in the range of tested concentrations. ROS generation was elevated, however not correlated with the concentrations. Gene expression profile was slightly altered only in SW1353 cells.
The visual angle metric and Möbius transformations
Creators: name: Klén, Riku
name: Lindén, Henri
name: Vuorinen, Matti
name: Wang, Gendi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30F45, 51M10

description: A new similarity invariant metric $v_G$ is introduced. The visual angle metric $v_G$ is defined on a domain $G\subsetneq\Rn$ whose boundary is not a proper subset of a line. We find sharp bounds for $v_G$ in terms of the hyperbolic metric in the particular case when the domain is either the unit ball $\Bn$ or the upper half space $\Hn$. We also obtain the sharp Lipschitz constant for a Möbius transformation $f: G\rightarrow G'$ between domains $G$ and $G'$ in $\Rn$ with respect to the metrics $v_G$ and $v_{G'}$. For instance, in the case $G=G'=\Bn$ the result is sharp.
description: 25 pages, 13 figures
Ultrastructure of Ediacaran cloudinids suggests diverse taphonomic histories and affinities with non-biomineralized annelids
Creators: name: Yang, Ben
name: Steiner, Michael
name: Schiffbauer, James D.
name: Selly, Tara
name: Wu, Xuwen
name: Zhang, Cong
name: Liu, Pengju
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: index fossil
subject: nama group
subject: stephanoscyphus scyphozoa
subject: organism cloudina
subject: South China
subject: tubes
subject: evolution
subject: coronatae
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Cloudinids have long been considered the earliest biomineralizing metazoans, but their affinities have remained contentious and undetermined. Based on well-preserved ultrastructures of two taxa, we here propose new interpretations regarding both their extent of original biomineralization and their phylogenetic affinity. One of these taxa is a new cloudinid from Mongolia, Zuunia chimidtsereni gen. et sp. nov., which exhibits key characteristics of submicrometric kerogenous lamellae, plastic tubewall deformation, and tube-wall delamination. Multiple carbonaceous lamellae are also discovered in Cloudina from Namibia and Paraguay, which we interpret to have originated from chitinous or collagenous fabrics. We deduce that these cloudinids were predominantly originally organic (chitinous or collagenous), and postmortem decay and taphonomic mineralization resulted in the formation of aragonite and/or calcite. Further, based on our ultrastructural characterization and other morphological similarities, we suggest that the cloudinids should most parsimoniously be assigned to annelids with originally organic tubes.
Odor-Induced Multi-Level Inhibitory Maps in Drosophila
Creators: name: Grabe, Veit
name: Schubert, Marco
name: Strube-Bloss, Martin
name: Reinert, Anja
name: Trautheim, Silke
name: Lavista-Llanos, Sofia
name: Fiala, Andre
name: Hansson, Bill S.
name: Sachse, Silke
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: antennal lobe
subject: chloride imaging
subject: Drosophila
subject: inhibition
subject: olfactory coding
subject: sensory processing
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Optical imaging of intracellular Ca2+ influx as a correlate of neuronal excitation represents a standard technique for visualizing spatiotemporal activity of neuronal networks. However, the information-processing properties of single neurons and neuronal circuits likewise involve inhibition of neuronal membrane potential. Here, we report spatially resolved optical imaging of odor-evoked inhibitory patterns in the olfactory circuitry of Drosophila using a genetically encoded fluorescent Cl- sensor. In combination with the excitatory component reflected by intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, we present a comprehensive functional map of both odor-evoked neuronal activation and inhibition at different levels of olfactory processing. We demonstrate that odor-evoked inhibition carried by Cl- influx is present both in sensory neurons and second-order projection neurons (PNs), and is characterized by stereotypic, odor-specific patterns. Cl--mediated inhibition features distinct dynamics in different neuronal populations. Our data support a dual role of inhibitory neurons in the olfactory system: global gain control across the neuronal circuitry and glomerulus-specific inhibition to enhance neuronal information processing.
Malaria pigment crystals as magnetic micro-rotors: key for high-sensitivity diagnosis
Creators: name: Butykai, A.
name: Orban, A.
name: Kocsis, V.
name: Szaller, D.
name: Bordacs, S.
name: Tatrai-Szekeres, E.
name: Kiss, L. F.
name: Bota, A.
name: Vertessy, B. G.
name: Zelles, T.
name: Kezsmarki, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The need to develop new methods for the high-sensitivity diagnosis of malaria has initiated a global activity in medical and interdisciplinary sciences. Most of the diverse variety of emerging techniques are based on research-grade instruments, sophisticated reagent-based assays or rely on expertise. Here, we suggest an alternative optical methodology with an easy-to-use and cost-effective instrumentation based on unique properties of malaria pigment reported previously and determined quantitatively in the present study. Malaria pigment, also called hemozoin, is an insoluble microcrystalline form of heme. These crystallites show remarkable magnetic and optical anisotropy distinctly from any other components of blood. As a consequence, they can simultaneously act as magnetically driven micro-rotors and spinning polarizers in suspensions. These properties can gain importance not only in malaria diagnosis and therapies, where hemozoin is considered as drug target or immune modulator, but also in the magnetic manipulation of cells and tissues on the microscopic scale.
description: Revised text, additional data shown in Fig. 7
Acclimation, priming and memory in the response of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to cold stress
Creators: name: Leuendorf, Jan Erik
name: Frank, Manuel
name: Schmülling, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: freezing tolerance
subject: mutants reveal
subject: gene
subject: accumulation
subject: chloroplast
subject: trimethylation
subject: expression
subject: pathways
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)::580 Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: Because stress experiences are often recurrent plants have developed strategies to remember a first so-called priming stress to eventually respond more effectively to a second triggering stress. Here, we have studied the impact of discontinuous or sustained cold stress (4 degrees C) on in vitro grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings of different age and their ability to get primed and respond differently to a later triggering stress. Cold treatment of 7-d-old seedlings induced the expression of cold response genes but did not cause a significantly enhanced freezing resistance. The competence to increase the freezing resistance in response to cold was associated with the formation of true leaves. Discontinuous exposure to cold only during the night led to a stepwise modest increase in freezing tolerance provided that the intermittent phase at ambient temperature was less than 32h. Seedlings exposed to sustained cold treatment developed a higher freezing tolerance which was further increased in response to a triggering stress during three days after the priming treatment had ended indicating cold memory. Interestingly, in all scenarios the primed state was lost as soon as the freezing tolerance had reached the level of naive plants indicating that an effective memory was associated with an altered physiological state. Known mutants of the cold stress response (cbfs, erf105) and heat stress memory (fgt1) did not show an altered behaviour indicating that their roles do not extend to memory of cold stress in Arabidopsis seedlings.
An optimized correlation function estimator for galaxy surveys
Creators: name: Vargas-Magaña, M.
name: Bautista, Julian. E.
name: Hamilton, J. -Ch.
name: Busca, N. G.
name: Aubourg, É.
name: Labatie, A.
name: Goff, J. -M. Le
name: Escoffier, Stephanie
name: Manera, Marc
name: McBride, Cameron K.
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Willmer, Christopher N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring the two-point correlation function of the galaxies in the Universe gives access to the underlying dark matter distribution, which is related to cosmological parameters and to the physics of the primordial Universe. The estimation of the correlation function for current galaxy surveys makes use of the Landy-Szalay estimator, which is supposed to reach minimal variance. This is only true, however, for a vanishing correlation function. We study the Landy-Szalay estimator when these conditions are not fulfilled and propose a new estimator that provides the smallest variance for a given survey geometry. Our estimator is a linear combination of ratios between paircounts of data and/or random catalogues (DD, RR and DR). The optimal combination for a given geometry is determined by using lognormal mock catalogues. The resulting estimator is biased in a model-dependent way, but we propose a simple iterative procedure for obtaining an unbiased model- independent estimator.Our method can be easily applied to any dataset and requires few extra mock catalogues compared to the standard Landy-Szalay analysis. Using various sets of simulated data (lognormal, second-order LPT and N-Body), we obtain a 20-25% gain on the error bars on the two-point correlation function for the SDSS geometry and $Λ$CDM correlation function. When applied to SDSS data (DR7 and DR9), we achieve a similar gain on the correlation functions, which translates into a 10-15% improvement over the estimation of the densities of matter $Ω_m$ and dark energy $Ω_Λ$ in an open $Λ$CDM model. The constraints derived from DR7 data with our estimator are similar to those obtained with the DR9 data and the Landy-Szalay estimator, which covers a volume twice as large and has a density that is three times higher.
description: Accepted for publication A&A
Zur Bewaffnung und Sozialstruktur der Merowingerzeit
Creators: name: Steuer, Heiko
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 37 (1968): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Neue Steinzeitfunde aus dem Reg.-Bez. Hannover
Creators: name: Nowothnig, Walter
Publisher: name: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Year: 2019

description: Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte, Bd. 37 (1968): Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte
Corals reveal ENSO-driven synchrony of climate impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems in northern Borneo
Creators: name: Krawczyk, Hedwig
name: Zinke, Jens
name: Browne, Nicola
name: Struck, Ulrich
name: McIlwain, Jennifer
name: O'Leary, Michael
name: Garbe-Schönberg, Dieter
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: sea-surface temperature
subject: South China Sea
subject: atmosphere-ocean variations
subject: El Nino
subject: porites coral
subject: tropical forest
subject: Sr/Ca ratios
subject: delta-O-18
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Extreme climate events, such as the El Ninos in 1997/1998 and 2015/16, have led to considerable forest loss in the Southeast Asian region following unprecedented drought and wildfires. In Borneo, the effects of extreme climate events have been exacerbated by rapid urbanization, accelerated deforestation and soil erosion since the 1980s. However, studies quantifying the impact of interannual and long-term (>3 decades) climatic and anthropogenic change affecting Borneo's coastal and coral reef environments are lacking. Here, we used coral cores collected in Miri-Sibuti Coral Reefs National Park, Sarawak (Malaysia) to reconstruct the spatio-temporal dynamics of sea surface temperature and oxygen isotopic composition of seawater from 1982 to 2016, based on paired oxygen isotope and Sr/Ca measurements. The results revealed rising sea surface temperatures of 0.26 +/- 0.04 degrees C per decade since 1982. Reconstructed delta O-18(sw) displayed positive excursion during major El Nino events of 1983, 1997/98 and 2015/16, indicating drought conditions with less river runoff, rainfall and higher ocean salinities. La Ninas were generally associated with lower delta O-18(sw). We observed a long-term shift from more saline conditions between 1982 and 1995 towards less saline conditions after 1995, which are in agreement with the regional freshening trend, punctuated by saline excursion during El Ninos. The decadal shifts were found to be driven by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). This study provides the first long-term data on El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-driven synchrony of climate impacts on both terrestrial and marine ecosystems in northern Borneo. Our results suggest that coral records from northern Borneo are invaluable archives to detect regional ENSO and PDO impacts, and their interaction with the Asian-Australian monsoon, on the hydrological balance in the southern South China Sea beyond the past three decades.
Nuclear Quantum Many-Body Dynamics: From Collective Vibrations to Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Simenel, Cédric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A summary of recent researches on nuclear dynamics with realistic microscopic quantum approaches is presented. The Balian-Vénéroni variational principle is used to derive the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) equation describing the dynamics at the mean-field level, as well as an extension including small-amplitude quantum fluctuations which is equivalent to the time-dependent random-phase approximation (TDRPA). Such formalisms as well as their practical implementation in the nuclear physics framework with modern three-dimensional codes are discussed. Recent applications to nuclear dynamics, from collective vibrations to heavy-ion collisions are presented. A particular attention is devoted to the interplay between collective motions and internal degrees of freedom. For instance, the harmonic nature of collective vibrations is questioned. Nuclei are also known to exhibit superfluidity due to pairing residual interaction. Extensions of the theoretical approach to study such pairing vibrations are now available. Large amplitude collective motions are investigated in the framework of heavy-ion collisions leading, for instance, to the formation of a compound system. How fusion is affected by the internal structure of the collision partners, such as their deformation, is discussed. Other mechanisms in competition with fusion, and responsible for the formation of fragments which differ from the entrance channel (transfer reactions, deep-inelastic collisions, and quasi-fission) are investigated. Finally, studies of actinide collisions forming, during very short times of few zeptoseconds, the heaviest nuclear systems available on Earth, are presented.
description: 49 pages. Review article to be published in EPJA. v.3: minor changes in Eqs. 2.50, A.13 and B.30
title: Facial mimicry, empathy, and emotion recognition
title: a meta-analysis of correlations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Holland, Alison C.
name: O'Connell, Garret
name: Dziobek, Isabel
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Facial mimicry
subject: imitation
subject: facial expressions
subject: empathy
subject: emotional contagion
subject: meta-analysis
subject: emotion recognition
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::152 Sinneswahrnehmung, Bewegung, Emotionen, Triebe

description: A number of prominent theories have linked tendencies to mimick others' facial movements to empathy and facial emotion recognition, but evidence for such links is uneven. We conducted a meta-analysis of correlations of facial mimicry with empathy and facial emotion recognition skills. Other factors were also examined for moderating influence, e.g. facets of empathy measured, facial muscles recorded, and facial emotions being mimicked. Summary effects were estimated with a random-effects model and a meta-regression analysis was used to identify factors moderating these effects. 162 effects from 28 studies were submitted. The summary effect size indicated a significant weak positive relationship between facial mimicry and empathy, but not facial emotion recognition. The moderator analysis revealed that stronger correlations between facial mimicry and empathy were observed for static vs. dynamic facial stimuli, and for implicit vs. explicit instances of facial emotion processing. No differences were seen between facial emotions, facial muscles, emotional and cognitive facets of empathy, or state and trait measures of empathy. The results support the claim that stronger facial mimicry responses are positively related to higher dispositions for empathy, but the weakness and variability of this effect suggest that this relationship is conditional on not-fully understood factors.
Temperature does matter-an additional dimension in kinase inhibitor development
Creators: name: Strauch, Miriam
name: Heyd, Florian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: body temperature
subject: CLK
subject: high-throughput inhibitor screen
subject: inhibitor
subject: kinase
subject: malaria
subject: Plasmodium falciparum
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Kinase inhibitors are a major focus in drug development. Recent work shows that subtle temperature changes in the physiologically relevant temperature range can dramatically alter kinase activity and specificity. We argue that temperature is an essential factor that should be considered in inhibitor screening campaigns. In many cases, high-throughput screening is performed at room temperature or 30 degrees C, which may lead to many false positives and false negatives when evaluating potential inhibitors in the physiological temperature range. As one example, we discuss a new antimalaria compound that inhibits the highly temperature-sensitive kinase CLK3 (CDC2-like kinase 3) fromPlasmodium falciparum.
Indirect co-cultivation of HepG2 with differentiated THP-1 cells induces AHR signalling and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines
Creators: name: Padberg, Florian
name: Hering, Henrik
name: Luch, Andreas
name: Zellmer, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: HepG2
subject: THP-1
subject: Co-culture
subject: Lipids
subject: Cholesterol
subject: Cytokines
subject: Inflammation
subject: Metabolism
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: HepG2 and THP-1 cells, the latter differentiated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), were co-cultured and characterized for typical liver-specific functions, such as xenobiotic detoxification, lipid and cholesterol metabolism. Furthermore, liver injury-associated pathways, such as inflammation, were studied. In general, the co-cultivation of these cells produced a pro-inflammatory system, as indicated by increased levels of cytokines (IL-8, TGF-alpha, IL-6, GM-CSF, G-CSF, TGF-beta, and hFGF) in the respective supernatant. Increased expression levels of target genes of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), e.g., CYP1A1, CYP1A2 and CYP1B1, were detected, accompanied by the increased enzyme activity of CYP1A1. Moreover, transcriptome analyses indicated a significant upregulation of cholesterol biosynthesis, which could be reduced to baseline levels by lovastatin. In contrast, total de novo lipid synthesis was reduced in co-cultured HepG2 cells. Key events of the adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for fibrosis were activated by the co-cultivation, however, no increase in the concentration of extracellular collagen was detected. This indicates, that AOP should be used with care. In summary, the indirect co-culture of HepG2/THP-1 cells results in an increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, an activation of the AHR pathway and an increased enzymatic CYP1A activity.
Generating Many Majorana Modes via Periodic Driving: A Superconductor Model
Creators: name: Tong, Qing-Jun
name: An, Jun-Hong
name: Gong, Jiangbin
name: Luo, Hong-Gang
name: Oh, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Realizing Majorana modes (MMs) in condensed-matter systems is of vast experimental and theoretical interests, and some signatures of MMs have been measured already. To facilitate future experimental observations and to explore further applications of MMs, generating many MMs at ease in an experimentally accessible manner has become one important issue. This task is achieved here in a one-dimensional $p$-wave superconductor system with the nearest- and next-nearest-neighbor interactions. In particular, a periodic modulation of some system parameters can induce an effective long-range interaction (as suggested by the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula) and may recover time-reversal symmetry already broken in undriven cases. By exploiting these two independent mechanisms at once we have established a general method in generating many Floquet MMs via periodic driving.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. B as a Rapid Communication
Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from Broiler Chickens After Amoxicillin Treatment in an Experimental Environment
Creators: name: Burow, Elke
name: Grobbel, Mirjam
name: Tenhagen, Bernd-Alois
name: Simoneit, Céline
name: Szabó, István
name: Wendt, Daniela
name: Kürbis, Corinna
name: Ladwig-Wiegard, Mechthild
name: Banneke, Stefanie
name: Käsbohrer, Annemarie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: antimicrobial
subject: chicken
subject: cephalosporin
subject: spread
subject: susceptibility
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Groupwise antibiotic treatments are common in broiler chicken production. They induce selection for antibiotic resistance in commensalEscherichia coli.This study aimed to investigate antibiotic resistance after individual (I, drenching) or groupwise treatment (G, by water) with amoxicillin, and after contact with I or G (KI or KG), compared with untreated broilers without contact with treated broilers (C), and pretreatment values. Finally, we compared antibiotic resistance from broilers (G) after a second treatment, with a treatment in the contact animals (KG), and a first treatment in the control animals (C). Resistance to ampicillin and other antibiotics was significantly increased in groups G and I within 2 days, suggesting (co-)selection of resistance. The increase was lower in groups KI, KG, and C during the first treatment (days 1-5). The increased resistance in group C was interpreted as a change in the microbiota after initial moving and first feeding. After treatment, resistance rates decreased to initial or lower values in all groups. During the second treatment period (days 34-38), all three groups' (G, KG, and C) resistance levels increased to equally high levels. Cephalosporin resistance was low, and did not change over the experimental period. On days 3 and 38, resistance rates ofE. colifrom duodenum, jejunum, and cecum did not differ between segments and treatment routes. Overall, the baseline levels of antibiotic resistance inE. coliwere high. Amoxicillin triggered an increase in resistance levels, irrespective of the mode of treatment. Substantial resistance dynamics in untreated controls warrant further investigation.
Das Herrenhaus von der Marwitz in Friedersdorf/Brandenburg. Bodo Ebhardts nicht ausgeführte Planungen zur Umgestaltung und Erweiterung des zuvor von Schinkel umgebauten Herrenhauses
Creators: name: Fischer, Ludger
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: -
description: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 41 Nr. 2 (2000): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Holographic RG-flows and Boundary CFTs
Creators: name: Gutperle, Michael
name: Samani, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solutions of $(d+1)$-dimensional gravity coupled to a scalar field are obtained, which holographically realize interface and boundary CFTs. The solution utilizes a Janus-like $\mathrm{AdS}_d$ slicing ansatz and corresponds to a deformation of the CFT by a spatially-dependent coupling of a relevant operator. The BCFT solutions are singular in the bulk, but physical quantities such as the holographic entanglement entropy can be calculated.
description: 26 pages, 11 figures
Epidemiology and Associated Risk Factors for Brucellosis in Small Ruminants Kept at Institutional Livestock Farms in Punjab, Pakistan
Creators: name: Ullah, Qudrat
name: Jamil, Tariq
name: Melzer, Falk
name: Saqib, Muhammad
name: Hussain, Muhammad Hammad
name: Aslam, Muhammad Aamir
name: Jamil, Huma
name: Iqbal, Muhammad Amjad
name: Tahir, Usman
name: Schwarz, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: sheep
subject: goats
subject: brucellosis
subject: risk factors
subject: Pakistan
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Brucellosis is reportedly endemic in ruminants in Pakistan. BothBrucella abortusandB. melitensisinfections have been decumented in domestic animals and humans in the country. This study aimed to identify the burden of anti-Brucellaantibodies in small ruminants as well as associated potential risk factors with its occurrence at nine institutional livestock farms in Punjab, Pakistan. The sera collected from equal number of sheep and goats (500 from each species) were screened by indirect-ELISA for anti-smooth-Brucellaantibodies followed by a serial detection by real-time PCR. Overall, 5.1% (51/1000) seropositivity was registered corresponding to 5% (25/500) prevalence in goats and 5.2% (26/500) in sheep.Brucella-DNA could not be detected in any of the tested sera by real-time PCR. Multiple logistic regression model indicated that farm location (OR 34.05), >4 years of age (OR 2.88), with history of reproductive disorders (OR 2.69), and with BCS of <= 3 (OR 12.37) were more likely to test positive for brucellosis at these farms. A routine screening, stringent biosecurity, and quarantine measures are warranted for monitoring and eradication of the infection. Similarly, isolation and molecular investigation of the etiologic agent(s) are needed to understand the relationship of epidemiology and out-breaks of brucellosis in the country.
Development of layer‐by‐layer assembled thin coatings on aluminium alloy AA2024‐T3 for high resolution studies of local corrosion processes
Creators: name: Almalla, Ahed
name: Hertwig, Andreas
name: Fischer, Daniel
name: Ozcan, Ozlem
name: Witt, Julia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: coatings
subject: electrochemistry
subject: microscopy
subject: resins
subject: spectroscopy
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The aim of this study is to develop nanometer-thin epoxy-based films on aluminium alloy AA2024-T3 as a model coating system for high resolution corrosion studies. Spin coating was used for the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of poly-(ethylenimine) (PEI) and poly([o-cresyl glycidyl ether]-co-formaldehyde) (CNER) bilayers. The film chemistry and the cross-linking process were characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Ellipsometric data confirmed the linear increase of film thickness. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate the improvement of the film barrier properties with increasing film thickness. Mapping of the topography and the volta potential was performed by means of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM). The results indicate the presence of a homogeneous film structure, while the intermetallic phases can still be identified below the coating. The SKPFM analysis confirmed that the model films are suitable for investigation of corrosion processes at the coating/metal interface.
Hyperscaling violation for scalar black branes in arbitrary dimensions
Creators: name: Cadoni, Mariano
name: Serra, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend to black branes (BB) in arbitrary dimensions the results of Ref. [1] about hyperscaling violation and phase transition for scalar black 2-branes. We derive the analytic form of the (d+1)-dimensional scalar soliton interpolating between a conformal invariant AdS vacuum in the infrared and a scale covariant metric in the ultraviolet. We show that the thermodynamical system undergoes a phase transition between Schwarzschild-AdS and a scalar-dressed BB. We calculate the critical exponent and the hyperscaling violation parameter in the two phases. We show that our scalar BB solutions generically emerge as compactifications of p-brane solutions of supergravity theories. We also derive the short distance form of the correlators for the scalar operators corresponding to an UV exponential potential supporting our black brane solution. We show that also for negative values of the hyperscaling violation parameter these correlators have a short distance power-law behavior.
description: Final version accepted for publication in JHEP
Species distribution models have limited spatial transferability for invasive species
Creators: name: Liu, Chunlong
name: Wolter, Christian
name: Xian, Weiwei
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Accuracy
subject: Bayesian inference
subject: biogeographical experiments
subject: biological invasions
subject: ecological niche models
subject: invasive alien species
subject: model extrapolation
subject: model interpolation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::577 Ökologie

description: The reliability of transferring species distribution models (SDMs) to new ranges and future climates has been widely debated. Biological invasions offer the unique opportunity to evaluate model transferability, as distribution data between species' native and introduced ranges are geographically independent of each other. Here, we performed the first global quantitative synthesis of the spatial transferability of SDMs for 235 invasive species and assessed the association of model transferability with the focal invader, model choice and parameterisation. We found that SDMs had limited spatial transferability overall. However, model transferability was higher for terrestrial endotherms, species introduced from or to the Southern Hemisphere, and species introduced more recently. Model transferability was also positively associated with the number of presences for model calibration and evaluation, respectively, but negatively with the number of predictors. These findings highlight the importance of considering the characteristics of the focal invader, environment and modelling in the application and assessment of SDMs.
The completeness of quantum theory for predicting measurement outcomes
Creators: name: Colbeck, Roger
name: Renner, Renato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The predictions that quantum theory makes about the outcomes of measurements are generally probabilistic. This has raised the question whether quantum theory can be considered complete, or whether there could exist alternative theories that provide improved predictions. Here we review recent work that considers arbitrary alternative theories, constrained only by the requirement that they are compatible with a notion of "free choice" (defined with respect to a natural causal order). It is shown that quantum theory is "maximally informative", i.e., there is no other compatible theory that gives improved predictions. Furthermore, any alternative maximally informative theory is necessarily equivalent to quantum theory. This means that the state a system has in such a theory is in one-to-one correspondence with its quantum-mechanical state (the wave function). In this sense, quantum theory is complete.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. This is an expanded and more pedagogical version of arXiv:1005.5173 and arXiv:1111.6597 that discusses in detail the relation to other results
Unfolding method for the first-principles LCAO electronic structure calculations
Creators: name: Lee, Chi-Cheng
name: Yamada-Takamura, Yukiko
name: Ozaki, Taisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unfolding the band structure of a supercell to a normal cell enables us to investigate how symmetry breakers such as surfaces and impurities perturb the band structure of the normal cell. We generalize the unfolding method, originally developed based on Wannier functions, to the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method, and present a general formula to calculate the unfolded spectral weight. The LCAO basis set is ideal for the unfolding method because of the invariance that basis functions allocated to each atomic species are invariant regardless of existence of surface and impurity. The unfolded spectral weight is well defined by the property of the LCAO basis functions. In exchange for the property, the non-orthogonality of the LCAO basis functions has to be taken into account. We show how the non-orthogonality can be properly incorporated in the general formula. As an illustration of the method, we calculate the dispersive quantized spectral weight of ZrB2 slab and show strong spectral broadening in the out-of-plane direction, demonstrating the usefulness of the unfolding method.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Optimal distinctiveness in platform markets: Leveraging complementors as legitimacy buffers
Creators: name: Taeuscher, Karl
name: Rothe, Hannes
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: differentiation
subject: institutional theory
subject: legitimacy
subject: platforms
subject: positioning
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Research summary Optimal distinctiveness theory highlights that firms need to balance opposing pressures for differentiation (to gain competitive benefits) and conformity (to gain legitimacy). Yet, extant optimal distinctiveness research rarely considers that the pressure for conformity can substantially vary between competing firms. Studying the positioning and growth performance of competing platforms in the market for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), we find that platforms' access to high-status complementors-a common source of legitimacy in platform markets-substantially shapes the relationship between platforms' distinctiveness and user growth. Our longitudinal models show that platforms only benefit from a (moderately) distinctive positioning once they have buffered a certain amount of legitimacy. Our findings strongly suggest that firms can alleviate conformity pressures by accessing alternative sources of legitimacy. Managerial summary When does differentiation pay off? We study this question in the increasingly important context of platform markets to explain differences in platforms' user growth. Our longitudinal study of competition in the market for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)-in which platforms like Coursera and Udacity compete for online learners as users-shows that the performance implications of a distinctive positioning substantially depend on the legitimacy that a platform has gained from attracting high-status organizations as complementors. Platforms only benefit from differentiation once they surpass a certain legitimacy threshold, and the legitimacy they gain beyond this threshold accelerates the benefits of a (moderately) distinctive positioning.
The Impact of Halogenated Phenylalanine Derivatives on NFGAIL Amyloid Formation
Creators: name: Chowdhary, Suvrat
name: Moschner, Johann
name: Mikolajczak, Dorian J.
name: Becker, Maximilian
name: Klemczak, Damian
name: Stegemann, Anne-Katrin
name: Böttcher, Christoph
name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Koksch, Beate
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: beta-amyloid fibrils
subject: fluorescence
subject: fluorinated phenylalanine
subject: fluorine
subject: NFGAIL
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The hexapeptide hIAPP(22-27)(NFGAIL) is known as a crucial amyloid core sequence of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) whose aggregates can be used to better understand the wild-type hIAPP ' s toxicity to beta-cell death. In amyloid research, the role of hydrophobic and aromatic-aromatic interactions as potential driving forces during the aggregation process is controversially discussed not only in case of NFGAIL, but also for amyloidogenic peptides in general. We have used halogenation of the aromatic residue as a strategy to modulate hydrophobic and aromatic-aromatic interactions and prepared a library of NFGAIL variants containing fluorinated and iodinated phenylalanine analogues. We used thioflavin T staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to study the impact of side-chain halogenation on NFGAIL amyloid formation kinetics. Our data revealed a synergy between aggregation behavior and hydrophobicity of the phenylalanine residue. This study introduces systematic fluorination as a toolbox to further investigate the nature of the amyloid self-assembly process.
Charge-Dependent Correlations in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions and the Chiral Magnetic Effect
Creators: name: Bzdak, Adam
name: Koch, Volker
name: Liao, Jinfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a phenomenological analysis of present experimental searches for local parity violation manifested through the Chiral Magnetic Effect. We introduce and discuss the relevant correlation functions used for the measurements. Our analysis of the available data from both RHIC and LHC shows that the present experimental evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect is rather ambiguous. We further discuss in some detail various background contributions due to conventional physics, which need to be understood quantitatively in order to draw a definitive conclusion about the existence of local parity violation in heavy ion collisions.
description: 37 pages, to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly interacting matter in magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K. Landsteiner, A. Schmitt, H.-U. Yee
Maximum elastic deformations of relativistic stars
Creators: name: Johnson-McDaniel, Nathan K.
name: Owen, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method for calculating the maximum elastic quadrupolar deformations of relativistic stars, generalizing the previous Newtonian, Cowling approximation integral given by [G. Ushomirsky et al., Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 319, 902 (2000)]. (We also present a method for Newtonian gravity with no Cowling approximation.) We apply these methods to the m = 2 quadrupoles most relevant for gravitational radiation in three cases: crustal deformations, deformations of crystalline cores of hadron-quark hybrid stars, and deformations of entirely crystalline color superconducting quark stars. In all cases, we find suppressions of the quadrupole due to relativity compared to the Newtonian Cowling approximation, particularly for compact stars. For the crust these suppressions are up to a factor ~6, for hybrid stars they are up to ~4, and for solid quark stars they are at most ~2, with slight enhancements instead for low mass stars. We also explore ranges of masses and equations of state more than in previous work, and find that for some parameters the maximum quadrupoles can still be very large. Even with the relativistic suppressions, we find that 1.4 solar mass stars can sustain crustal quadrupoles of a few times 10^39 g cm^2 for the SLy equation of state or close to 10^40 g cm^2 for equations of state that produce less compact stars. Solid quark stars of 1.4 solar masses can sustain quadrupoles of around 10^44 g cm^2. Hybrid stars typically do not have solid cores at 1.4 solar masses, but the most massive ones (~2 solar masses) can sustain quadrupoles of a few times 10^41 g cm^2 for typical microphysical parameters and a few times 10^42 g cm^2 for extreme ones. All of these quadrupoles assume a breaking strain of 0.1 and can be divided by 10^45 g cm^2 to yield the fiducial "ellipticities" quoted elsewhere.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, version accepted by PRD, including the corrected maximum hybrid star quadrupoles (from the erratum to the shear modulus calculation) and the corrected binding energy computation
The plant-derived naphthoquinone lapachol causes an oxidative stress response in Staphylococcus aureus
Creators: name: Linzner, Nico
name: Fritsch, Verena Nadin
name: Busche, Tobias
name: Tung, Quach Ngoc
name: Loi, Vu Van
name: Bernhardt, Jörg
name: Kalinowski, Jörn
name: Antelmann, Haike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Staphylococcus aureus
subject: Lapachol
subject: Quinone
subject: ROS
subject: Bacillithiol
subject: Bacilliredoxin
subject: YpdA
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, which causes life-threatening systemic and chronic infections and rapidly acquires resistance to multiple antibiotics. Thus, new antimicrobial compounds are required to combat infections with drug resistant S. aureus isolates. The 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone lapachol was previously shown to exert antimicrobial effects. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial mode of action of lapachol in S. aureus using RNAseq transcriptomics, redox biosensor measurements, S-bacillithiolation assays and phenotype analyses of mutants. In the RNA-seq transcriptome, lapachol caused an oxidative and quinone stress response as well as protein damage as revealed by induction of the PerR, HypR, QsrR, MhqR, CtsR and HrcA regulons. Lapachol treatment further resulted in up-regulation of the SigB and GraRS regulons, which is indicative for cell wall and general stress responses. The redox-cycling mode of action of lapachol was supported by an elevated bacillithiol (BSH) redox potential (EBSH), higher endogenous ROS levels, a faster H2O2 detoxification capacity and increased thiol-oxidation of GapDH and the HypR repressor in vivo. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine and microaerophilic growth conditions improved the survival of lapachol-treated S. aureus cells. Phenotype analyses revealed an involvement of the catalase KatA and the Brx/ BSH/YpdA pathway in protection against lapachol-induced ROS-formation in S. aureus. However, no evidence for irreversible protein alkylation and aggregation was found in lapachol-treated S. aureus cells. Thus, the antimicrobial mode of action of lapachol in S. aureus is mainly caused by ROS formation resulting in an oxidative stress response, an oxidative shift of the EBSH and increased protein thiol-oxidation. As ROS-generating compound, lapachol is an attractive alternative antimicrobial to combat multi-resistant S. aureus isolates.
Bis(6‐diphenylphosphino‐acenaphth‐5‐yl)sulfoxide: A New Ligand for Late Transition Metal Complexes
Creators: name: Meyer, Fabio
name: Hupf, Emanuel
name: Lork, Enno
name: Grabowsky, Simon
name: Mebs, Stefan
name: Beckmann, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Bond Analysis
subject: Pincer Ligands
subject: Sulfoxide
subject: Transition metal complexes
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::546 Anorganische Chemie

description: The synthesis of the new ligand bis(6-diphenylphosphinoacenaphth-5-yl)sulfoxide, [6-(Ph2P)-5-Ace-6](2)-SO (1), is presented along with six transition metal complexes thereof, namely,1 center dot MCl (M = Rh, Cu, Ag, Au) and1 center dot MCl2(M = Ni, Pd). Within these novel complexes, close metal-sulfur distances are observed and the nature of the M-S coordination, as well as the response of the(+)S-O(-)bond, are investigated in detail with a set of spectroscopic, crystallographic and real-space bonding indicators.