cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Rapid state purification protocols for a Cooper pair box
Creators: name: Griffith, E. J.
name: Hill, C. D.
name: Ralph, J. F.
name: Wiseman, H. M.
name: Jacobs, Kurt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose techniques for implementing two different rapid state purification schemes, within the constraints present in a superconducting charge qubit system. Both schemes use a continuous measurement of charge (z) measurements, and seek to minimize the time required to purify the conditional state. Our methods are designed to make the purification process relatively insensitive to rotations about the x-axis, due to the Josephson tunnelling Hamiltonian. The first proposed method, based on the scheme of Jacobs [Phys. Rev. A 67, 030301(R) (2003)] uses the measurement results to control bias (z) pulses so as to rotate the Bloch vector onto the x-axis of the Bloch sphere. The second proposed method, based on the scheme of Wiseman and Ralph [New J. Phys. 8, 90 (2006)] uses a simple feedback protocol which tightly rotates the Bloch vector about an axis almost parallel with the measurement axis. We compare the performance of these and other techniques by a number of different measures.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures. v2: Revised version after referee comments. Accepted for publication by Physical Review B
Phase transitions of a tethered membrane model with intrinsic curvature on spherical surfaces with point boundaries
Creators: name: Koibuchi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found that the order for the crumpling transition of an intrinsic curvature model changes depending on the distance between two boundary vertices fixed on the surface of spherical topology. The model is a curvature one governed by an intrinsic curvature energy, which is defined on triangulated surfaces. It was already reported that the model undergoes a first-order crumpling transition without the boundary conditions on the surface. However, the dependence of the transition on such boundary condition is yet to be studied. We have studied in this paper this problem by using the Monte Carlo simulations on surfaces up to a size N=8412. The first-order transition changes to a second-order one if the distance increases.
description: 13 pages with 9 figures
Compact reconfigurable kirigami
Creators: name: Choi, Gary P. T.
name: Dudte, Levi H.
name: Mahadevan, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Kirigami involves cutting a flat, thin sheet that allows it to morph from a closed, compact configuration into an open deployed structure via coordinated rotations of the internal tiles. By recognizing and generalizing the geometric constraints that enable this art form, we propose a design framework for compact reconfigurable kirigami patterns, which can morph from a closed and compact configuration into a deployed state conforming to any prescribed target shape, and subsequently be contracted into a different closed and compact configuration. We further establish a condition for producing kirigami patterns which are reconfigurable and rigid deployable allowing us to connect the compact states via a zero-energy family of deployed states. All together, our inverse design framework lays out a new path for the creation of shape-morphing material structures.
Identification of miRNAs as Mediators of Coffea arabica Resistance to Hemileia vastatrix
Creators: name: Chaves, Inês
name: Barros, Danielle R
name: Tenente, Rita
name: Rodrigues, Andreia
name: Silava, Maria Do Céu
name: Ricardo, Cândido Pinto
name: Miguel, Célia
name: Guerra-Guimarães, Leonor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Coffee leaf rust, caused by the biotrophic fungus Hemileia vastatrix is the most widespread disease of Coffea arabica. Resistance of coffee to H. vastatrix is mediated by gene-for-gene interactions that are conditioned by at least nine major dominant genes (SH1 – SH9) singly or associated. Plants have evolved sophisticated adaptive responses to biotic stress involving reprogramming gene expression at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post- translational levels. miRNAs regulate gene expression by blocking translation or marking the RNA for degradation. In this study, deep-sequencing of the small-RNA fraction obtained from coffee leaves at early stages of the infection process (18/24 h and 48 h) of incompatible and compatible interactions was performed. RNA sequences with lengths of 19-25 nucleotides derived from six libraries (control and fungal interactions) were analyzed, leading to the identification of 28 families of conserved miRNAs. The miRNAs families’ miR156, miR397, miR398 and miR399 are candidates for resistance mediators, since their abundance was increased in the incompatible interaction as compared to the compatible interaction. Their involvement in this pathossystem will be further studied.
Weak decays of $J/ψ$: the non-leptonic case
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Ming
name: Zou, Hao
name: Wei, Zheng-Tao
name: Li, Xue-Qian
name: Lu, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In our previous study, we calculated the transition from factors of $J/ψ\to D^{(*)}_{(s)}$ using the QCD sum rules. Based on the factorization approximation, the obtained form factors can be applied to evaluate the weak non-leptonic decay rates of $J/ψ\to D^{(*)}_{(s)}+M$, where $M$ stands for a light pseudoscalar or vector meson. We predict that the branching ratio for inclusive non-leptonic two-body weak decays of $J/ψ$ which are realized via the spectator mechanism, can be as large as $1.3 \times 10^{-8}$, in particular, the branching ratio of $J/ψ\to D^{*\pm}_s+ρ^\mp$ can reach $5.3 \times 10^{-9}$. Such values will be marginally accessed by the ability of BESIII which will begin running very soon.
description: 16 pages, revTex4, 1 figure
The equation of state for two-dimensional hard-sphere gases: Hard-sphere gases as ideal gases with multi-core boundaries
Creators: name: Dai, Wu-Sheng
name: Xie, Mi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equation of state for a two-dimensional hard-sphere gas is difficult to calculate by usual methods. In this paper we develop an approach for calculating the equation of state of hard-sphere gases, both for two- and three-dimensional cases. By regarding a hard-sphere gas as an ideal gas confined in a container with a multi-core (excluded sphere) boundary, we treat the hard-sphere interaction in an interacting gas as the boundary effect on an ideal quantum gas; this enables us to treat an interacting gas as an ideal one. We calculate the equation of state for a three-dimensional hard-sphere gas with spin $j$, and compare it with the results obtained by other methods. By this approach the equation of state for a two-dimensional hard-sphere gas can be calculated directly.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure
Possible halo structure of $^{62,72}$Ca by forbidden-state-free locally peaked Gaussians
Creators: name: Horiuchi, W.
name: Suzuki, Y.
name: Shalchi, M. A.
name: Tomio, Lauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to efficiently describe nucleon orbits around a heavy core nucleus, we propose locally peaked Gaussians orthogonalized to the occupied bound states in the core. We show the advantage of those functions in both numerical stability and fast convergence by taking examples of touchstone calcium isotopes $^{62,72}$Ca in $^{60,70}{\rm Ca}+n+n$ three-body models. Both weakly bound configurations and continuum coupling effect are taken into account. We evaluate the neutron radii and the occupation probabilities of two-neutron configurations not only for the ground state but also for some particle-bound excited states by varying the strength of the core-neutron interaction. The emergence of the halo structure in the ground state depends on the energy difference between $2s_{1/2}$ and $0g_{9/2}$ orbits. Two-neutron [consisting of $(s_{1/2})^2$ configuration] and one-neutron [consisting of $(g_{9/2}s_{1/2})$ configuration] halo structure of $^{62}$Ca can coexist in narrow energy spacing provided that both of $2s_{1/2}$ and $0g_{9/2}$ orbits are almost degenerate and barely bound. The ground-state structure of $^{72}$Ca is likely to be a two-neutron halo, although its emergence depends on the position of the $2s_{1/2}$ level.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, typos corrected, to appear in Phys. Rev. C
Proper Motions of Faint UV-Bright Sources in the Sandage Two-color Survey of the Galactic Plane
Creators: name: Lanning, Howard H.
name: Lépine, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proper motions with values >10 mas/yr or
description: 15 pages, to appear in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Effect of frustration on charge dynamics for a doped two-dimensional triangular Hubbard lattice: Comparison with a square lattice
Creators: name: Tohyama, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the optical conductivity σ(ω) and the chemical potential μ, together with the spin correlation, in the strong-coupling limit of a hole-doped two-dimensional triangular Hubbard model near half filling by using an exact diagonalization technique. In contrast to the case of a square lattice without frustration, the doping dependences of μand the Drude weight indicate that the charge degree of freedom is weakly coupled to the spin degree of freedom. However, we find that σ(ω) shows strong incoherent excitations extended to a higher energy region. This implies that geometrical frustration in strongly correlated electron systems influences incoherent charge dynamics.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
Mechanical mode dependence of bolometric back-action in an AFM microlever
Creators: name: Jourdan, Guillaume
name: Comin, Fabio
name: Chevrier, Joël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two back action (BA) processes generated by an optical cavity based detection device can deeply transform the dynamical behavior of an AFM microlever: the photothermal force or the radiation pressure. Whereas noise damping or amplifying depends on optical cavity response for radiation pressure BA, we present experimental results carried out under vacuum and at room temperature on the photothermal BA process which appears to be more complex. We show for the first time that it can simultaneously act on two vibration modes in opposite direction: noise on one mode is amplified whereas it is damped on another mode. Basic modeling of photothermal BA shows that dynamical effect on mechanical mode is laser spot position dependent with respect to mode shape. This analysis accounts for opposite behaviors of different modes as observed.
title: Endangered Species Act Section 7(a)(2) Biological Opinion and Magnuson–Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act Essential Fish Habitat Response for the City of Pendleton, Oregon, McKay Creek Sediment Removal Project
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. West Coast Region
Year: 2021

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; WCRO-2020-03361
George Frederic Handel’s La Resurrezione: its genesis, dramatic structure, characterization and influence on his later works
Creators: name: Cortiula, Adam Anthony
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The oratorio, La Resurrezione (1708) is considered by many to represent the summary of George Frederic Handel's Italian compositions. This achievement would not have been realized without the support of Handel's young and ambitious Roman patron, Francesco Ruspoli. The money and effort that Ruspoli spent on the staging of this oratorio confirm that it was planned as the climax for the Easter musical festivities in 1708. The preliminary chapters of this thesis present the background to the presentation of La Resurrezione and include discussions on Handel's presence in Rome, his relationship with Ruspoli, the role of the Accademia dell' Arcadia, and a biography of Carlo Capece, the librettist of the oratorio. Musical issues relating to the oratorio are discussed in chapter four. These include: manuscript sources, the performers of the work, and Handel's musical response to Capece's libretto. The use of a buffo bass (and the notion of Lucifer as a comic character) is traced back to the mid-seventeenth-century. The focus of chapter five is on the music of La Resurrezione, and on examples of Handel's subsequent re-use of the music. As well, the stimuli that prompted Handel to refer to a particular borrowing source are examined. Often a similar dramatic situation prompted Handel's recollection of a previous source; at other times a comparable textual affect, a similar phrase or even a single word in common provided the stimulus for borrowing. The five borrowing groupings discussed in the chapter are chosen because they represent the various means that prompted Handel's recollection of a previous source. Each grouping is organized by an appropriate term which reinforces the argument that it is a textual word, phrase or affect that is the key to understanding the borrowings. A consideration of the borrowings highlights Handel's great talent for portraying people and varying dramatic situations.
The intensity contrast of solar photospheric faculae and network elements II. Evolution over the rising phase of solar cycle 23
Creators: name: Ortiz, Ada
name: Domingo, Vicente
name: Sanahuja, Blai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the radiative properties of small magnetic elements (active region faculae and the network) during the rising phase of solar cycle 23 from 1996 to 2001, determining their contrasts as a function of heliocentric angle, magnetogram signal, and the solar cycle phase. We combined near-simultaneous full disk images of the line-of-sight magnetic field and photospheric continuum intensity provided by the MDI instrument on board the SOHO spacecraft. Sorting the magnetogram signal into different ranges allowed us to distinguish between the contrast of different magnetic structures. We find that the contrast center-to-limb variation (CLV) of these small magnetic elements is independent of time with a 10% precision, when measured during the rising phase of solar cycle 23. A 2-dimensional empirical expression for the contrast of photospheric features as a function of both the position on the disk and the averaged magnetic field strength was determined, showing its validity through the studied time period. A study of the relationship between magnetogram signal and the peak contrasts shows that the intrinsic contrast (maximum contrast per unit of magnetic flux) of network flux tubes is higher than that of active region faculae during the solar cycle.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, A&A in press
Ökumenischer Plgerweg konkret - von Flensburg nach Paris zur UN-Weltklimakonferenz 2015
Creators: name: Freudenberg, Anne
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 64 Nr. 1 (2015): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 64, Heft 1
Magnetosubband and edge state structure in cleaved-edge overgrown quantum wires
Creators: name: Ihnatsenka, S.
name: Zozoulenko, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a systematic quantitative description of the structure of edge states and magnetosubband evolution in hard wall quantum wires in the integer quantum Hall regime. Our calculations are based on the self-consistent Green's function technique where the electron- and spin interactions are included within the density functional theory in the local spin density approximation. We analyze the evolution of the magnetosubband structure as magnetic field varies and show that it exhibits different features as compared to the case of a smooth confinement. In particularly, in the hard-wall wire a deep and narrow triangular potential well (of the width of magnetic length $l_B$) is formed in the vicinity of the wire boundary. The wave functions are strongly localized in this well which leads to the increase of the electron density near the edges. Because of the presence of this well, the subbands start to depopulate from the central region of the wire and remain pinned in the well region until they are eventually pushed up by increasing magnetic field. We also demonstrate that the spin polarization of electron density as a function of magnetic field shows a pronounced double-loop pattern that can be related to the successive depopulation of the magnetosubbands. In contrast to the case of a smooth confinement, in hard-wall wires the compressible strips do not form in the vicinity of wire boundaries and spatial spin separation between spin-up and spin-down states near edges is absent.
description: 9 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Energetic neutral atoms as the explanation for the high velocity hydrogen around HD 209458b
Creators: name: Holmström, M.
name: Ekenbäck, A.
name: Selsis, F.
name: Penz, T.
name: Lammer, H.
name: Wurz, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Absorption in the stellar Lyman-$α$ (Ly-$α$) line observed during the transit of the extrasolar planet HD 209458b reveals high velocity atomic hydrogen at great distances from the planet. This has been interpreted as hydrogen atoms escaping from the exosphere of the planet, possibly undergoing hydrodynamic blow-off, being accelerated by stellar radiation pressure. However, around solar system planets the production of energetic neutral atoms from charge exchange between solar wind protons and neutral hydrogen from the exospheres has been observed, and should also occur at extrasolar planets. Here we show that the measured transit-associated Ly-$α$ absorption can be explained by the interaction between the exosphere of HD 209458b and the stellar wind, and that radiation pressure alone cannot explain the observation. This is the first observation of energetic neutral atoms outside the solar system. Since the stellar wind protons are the source of the observed energetic neutral atoms, this provides a completely new method of probing stellar wind conditions, and our model suggests a slow and hot stellar wind near HD 209458b at the time of the observation.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Specifying Autonomy in the Internet of Things: The Autonomy Model and Notation
Creators: name: Janiesch, Christian
name: Fischer, Marcus
name: Winkelmann, Axel
name: Nentwich, Valentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Driven by digitization in society and industry, automating behavior in an autonomous way substantially alters industrial value chains in the smart service world. As processes are enhanced with sensor and actuator technology, they become digitally interconnected and merge into an Internet of Things (IoT) to form cyber-physical systems (CPS). Using these automated systems, enterprises can improve the performance and quality of their operations. However, currently it is neither feasible nor reasonable to equip any machine with full autonomy when networking with other machines or people. It is necessary to specify rules for machine behavior that also determine an adequate degree of autonomy to realize the potential benefits of the IoT. Yet, there is a lack of methodologies and guidelines to support the design and implementation of machines as explicit autonomous agents such that many designs only consider autonomy implicitly. To address this research gap, we perform a comprehensive literature review to extract 12 requirements for the design of autonomous agents in the IoT. We introduce a set of constitutive characteristics for agents and introduce a classification framework for interactions in multi-agent systems. We integrate our findings by developing a conceptual modeling language consisting of a meta model and a notation that facilitates the specification and design of autonomous agents within the IoT as well as CPS: the Autonomy Model and Notation. We illustrate and discuss the approach and its limitations.
description: Authors Accepted Manuscript
Superposition of coherent states prepared in one mode of a dissipative bimodal cavity
Creators: name: de Queiros, Iara P.
name: Cardoso, W. B.
name: de Almeida, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We solve the problem of the temporal evolution of one of two-modes embedded in a same dissipative environment and investigate the role of the losses after the preparation of a coherent state in only one of the two modes. Based on current cavity QED technology, we present a calculation of the fidelity of a superposition of coherent states engineered in a bimodal high-Q cavity. Our calculation demonstrates that the engineered superposition retains coherence for large times when the mean photon number of the prepared mode is on the order of unity.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, submitted to J. Phys. B
Enhancing the reliability of GCOM-C/SGLI data for red tide detection in the upper Gulf of Thailand
Creators: name: Luang-on, Jutarak
name: Siswanto, Eko
name: Ogata, Kazunori
name: Toratani, Mitsuhiro
name: Buranapratheprat, Anukul
name: Leenawarat, Dudsadee
name: Ishizaka, Joji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: With the upcoming completion of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer mission, this study applied 250-m-spatial-resolution ocean colour products from the Second-Generation Global Imager (SGLI) on the Global Change Observation Mission-Climate (GCOM-C) platform to continue monitoring red tides in the upper Gulf of Thailand. However, inaccuracies of GCOM-C/SGLI data on red tide detection were observed. To enhance its reliability, we first improved the accuracy of GCOM-C/SGLI remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) data by adjusting it to in situ data using wavelength-specific regression functions. This method significantly reduced the mean absolute percentage difference between in situ and GCOM-C/SGLI data by 25%–87% for single SGLI wavelengths and by 46%–83% for Rrs(λ)/Rrs(565) of the original data. Subsequently, we employed the corrected data of SGLI Rrs(λ) at 565 nm and the ratios of Rrs(490)/Rrs(565), Rrs(530)/Rrs(565), and Rrs(673)/Rrs(565) in local empirical algorithms to estimate chlorophyll-a(chl-a) concentration and identify red tide waters. SGLI chl-a improved substantially in areas affected by red tides, particularly as chl-a concentrations increased. Additionally, the corrected GCOM-C/SGLI accurately identified red tides caused by green Noctiluca, diatoms, and dinoflagellate blooms consistent with local reports, confirming the GCOM-C/SGLI reliability enhancement. This method may serve as an alternative strategy for monitoring the red tides.
Enumeration of distinct mechanically stable disk packings in small systems
Creators: name: Gao, Guo-Jie
name: Blawzdziewicz, Jerzy
name: O'Hern, Corey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We create mechanically stable (MS) packings of bidisperse disks using an algorithm in which we successively grow or shrink soft repulsive disks followed by energy minimization until the overlaps are vanishingly small. We focus on small systems because this enables us to enumerate nearly all distinct MS packings. We measure the probability to obtain a MS packing at packing fraction $ϕ$ and find several notable results. First, the probability is highly nonuniform. When averaged over narrow packing fraction intervals, the most probable MS packing occurs at the highest $ϕ$ and the probability decays exponentially with decreasing $ϕ$. Even more striking, within each packing-fraction interval, the probability can vary by many orders of magnitude. By using two different packing-generation protocols, we show that these results are robust and the packing frequencies do not change qualitatively with different protocols.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Conference Proceedings for X International Workshop on Disordered Systems
Indoor Point-to-Point Navigation with Deep Reinforcement Learning and Ultra-wideband
Creators: name: Sutera, Enrico
name: Mazzia, Vittorio
name: Salvetti, Francesco
name: Fantin, Giovanni
name: Chiaberge, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Indoor autonomous navigation requires a precise and accurate localization system able to guide robots through cluttered, unstructured and dynamic environments. Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology, as an indoor positioning system, offers precise localization and tracking, but moving obstacles and non-line-of-sight occurrences can generate noisy and unreliable signals. That, combined with sensors noise, unmodeled dynamics and environment changes can result in a failure of the guidance algorithm of the robot. We demonstrate how a power-efficient and low computational cost point-to-point local planner, learnt with deep reinforcement learning (RL), combined with UWB localization technology can constitute a robust and resilient to noise short-range guidance system complete solution. We trained the RL agent on a simulated environment that encapsulates the robot dynamics and task constraints and then, we tested the learnt point-to-point navigation policies in a real setting with more than two-hundred experimental evaluations using UWB localization. Our results show that the computational efficient end-to-end policy learnt in plain simulation, that directly maps low-range sensors signals to robot controls, deployed in combination with ultra-wideband noisy localization in a real environment, can provide a robust, scalable and at-the-edge low-cost navigation system solution.
description: Accepted by ICAART 2021 - http://www.icaart.org/
Relevance of VHE Blazar Spectra Models with Axion-Like Particles
Creators: name: Li, Hai-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oscillation of photons and axion-like particles (ALPs) in the astrophysical magnetic fields could modify the measured very high energy (VHE; $\mathcal{E}\gtrsim 100\, \rm GeV$) $γ$-ray spectra of the blazar sources. In this paper, we use the VHE $γ$-ray observations of the blazar Markarian 421 (Mrk 421) measured by MAGIC and Fermi-LAT in 2017 with four phases to constrain the ALP. We give the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these phases under the null and ALP hypotheses. We also test the effects of the $γ$-ray blazar intrinsic spectra models on the ALP constraints. No significant relationship is confirmed between the ALP constraints and the model selections. The 95% $\rm C.L.$ combined constraints set by the single-model and multi-model scenarios on the ALP parameter space are roughly at the photon-ALP coupling $g_{aγ} \gtrsim 3\times 10^{-11} \rm \, GeV^{-1}$ for the ALP mass $1\times 10^{-8}\, {\rm eV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 2\times 10^{-7}\, \rm eV$.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures. Published in JCAP
Modeling air pollution under uncertainty by using deep generative models
Creators: name: Toutouh, Jamal
name: Nesmachnow, Sergio
name: Rossit, Diego
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: air pollution
deep learning
generative adversarial networks

description: Modeling and forecasting ambient air pollution is a relevant problem because it is helpful for decision-makers and urban city planners to understand one of the main health problems in the urban area, the degradation of air quality due to motorized road mobility. This article addresses data-driven outdoor pollution modeling given limited data about road traffic density and pollution concentration. In order to deal with such a lack of data, we propose a deep generative model able to synthesize synthetic nitrogen dioxide concentration given road traffic density. Specifically, we train conditional generative adversarial networks. The experimental analysis indicates that the proposed approach generates accurate and diverse pollution data, while requiring reduced computational time.
title: Insulin resistance is a modifying factor for Parkinson's disease
Creators: name: Alise Zagare
name: Ahmed Hemedan
name: Catarina Almeida
name: Daniela Frangenberg
name: Gemma Gomez Giro
name: Paul Antony
name: Rashi Halder
name: Rejko Krüger
name: Enrico Glaab
name: Marek Ostaszewski
name: Giuseppe Arena
name: Jens Christian Schwamborn
Publisher: name: LCSB
Year: 2024

description: Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common, and the fastest-growing neurodegenerative disorder with unclear aetiology in most cases. Therefore, the identification of non-genetic risk factors for PD pathology is crucial to develop effective preventative or therapeutic strategies. An increasing number of evidence suggests that central insulin resistance might have an essential role in PD pathology. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether insulin resistance arises from external factors/lifestyle, comorbidities such as Type 2 diabetes or it can occur in a PD patient’s brain independently from peripheral insulin resistance.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the origin ground of insulin resistance and its role in GBA mutation-associated Parkinson’s disease pathogenesis and phenotype severity.

Methods: Midbrain organoids, generated from iPSCs of PD patients carrying the GBA-N307S heterozygous mutation (GBA-PD) and healthy donors, were exposed to different insulin concentrations to modify insulin signalling function. Transcriptomics analysis was performed to explore insulin signalling gene expression patterns in GBA-PD and to find a potential target for GBA-PD-associated phenotype rescue.

Results: Insulin signalling is dysregulated in GBA-PD at the transcriptional level. Particularly, we highlight FOXO1 downstream insulin signalling as an important contributor to GBA-PD phenotype severity. Moreover, our findings suggest a promising therapeutic potential of an anti-diabetic medication – Pioglitazone, in mitigating dopaminergic neuron loss associated with GBA-PD.
Soft-phonon-driven superconductivity in CaAlSi as seen by inelastic x-ray scattering
Creators: name: Kuroiwa, S.
name: Baron, A. Q. R.
name: Muranaka, T.
name: Heid, R.
name: Bohnen, K. -P.
name: Akimitsu, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic x-ray scattering and $ab$-$initio$ calculation are applied to investigate the lattice dynamics and electron-phonon coupling of the ternary silicide superconductor CaAlSi ($P/bar{6}m2$). A soft c-axis polarized mode is clearly observed along the $/Gamma$-$A$-$L$ symmetry directions. The soft mode is strongly anharmonically broadened at room temperature, but, at 10 K, its linewidth narrows and becomes in good agreement with calculations of linear electron-phonon coupling. This establishes a coherent description of the detailed phonon properties in this system and links them clearly and consistently with the superconductivity.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Communications)
title: Overview - Editorial Reference Handbook
Creators: name: Lister, Allyson
name: Sansone, Susanna-Assunta
name: Osborne, Christopher
name: Taylor-Grant, Rebecca
name: Cannon, Matt
Publisher: name: OSF
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Physical Sciences and Mathematics
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Education
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Engineering
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: FAIR
subject: FAIRsharing
subject: Journals
subject: Publishers
subject: Reproducibility
subject: TIER2

description: The Editorial Reference Handbook contributes towards a common understanding of what is required by scholarly journals and publishers to assist reproducibility and FAIRness in practice. Co-designed with publishers as part of the TIER2 project, the Handbook is available at https://publishers.fairassist.org. This short 2-page document provides a summary of the Editorial Reference Handbook.
Supplementary information from Enthesis strength, toughness and stiffness: an image-based model comparing tendon insertions with varying bony attachment geometries
Creators: name: Golman, Mikhail
name: Birman, Victor
name: Thomopoulos, Stavros
name: Genin, Guy M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Tendons of the body differ dramatically in their function, mechanics and range of motion, but all connect to bone via an enthesis. Effective force transfer at the enthesis enables joint stability and mobility, with strength and stiffness arising from a fibrous architecture. However, how enthesis toughness arises across tendons with diverse loading orientations remains unclear. To study this, we performed simultaneous imaging of the bone and tendon in entheses that represent the range of tendon-to-bone insertions and extended a mathematical model to account for variations in insertion and bone geometry. We tested the hypothesis that toughness, across a range of tendon entheses, could be explained by differences observed in interactions between fibre architecture and bone architecture. In the model, toughness arose from fibre reorientation, recruitment and rupture, mediated by interactions between fibres at the enthesis and the bony ridge abutting it. When applied to tendons sometimes characterized as either energy storing or positional, the model predicted that entheses of the former prioritize toughness over strength, while those of the latter prioritize consistent stiffness across loading directions. Results provide insight into techniques for surgical repair of tendon-to-bone attachments, and more broadly into mechanisms for the attachment of highly dissimilar materials.
The 2:1 resonant exoplanetary system orbiting HD73526
Creators: name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Butler, R. Paul
name: Marcy, Geoffrey W.
name: Jones, Hugh R. A.
name: Laughlin, Gregory
name: Carter, Brad D.
name: Bailey, Jeremy A.
name: O'Toole, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a second exoplanet orbiting the G6V dwarf HD73526. This second planet has an orbital period of 377 d, putting it in a 2:1 resonance with the previously known exoplanet, the orbital period for which is updated to 188d. Dynamical modeling of the combined system allows solution for a self-consistent set of orbital elements for both components. HD73526 is the fourth exoplanetary system (of a total of 18 systems with 2 or more components currently known) to have components detected in 2:1 resonance. Finding such a large fraction of multiple planets (more than 20 per cent) in 2:1 resonance strongly suggests that orbital migration, halted by stabilisation in a trapping resonance, plays an important role in the evolution of exoplanets in multiple planet systems.
description: To appear in The Astrophysical Journal
Rényi entropies of the massless Dirac field on the torus
Creators: name: Blanco, David
name: Chase, Tomás Ferreira
name: Laurnagaray, Juan
name: Pérez-Nadal, Guillem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the Rényi entropies of the massless Dirac field on the Euclidean torus (the Lorentzian cylinder at non-zero temperature) for arbitrary spatial regions. We do it by the resolvent method, i.e., we express the entropies in terms of the resolvent of a certain operator and then use the explicit form of that resolvent, which was obtained recently. Our results are different in appearance from those already existing in the literature (obtained via the replica trick), but they agree perfectly, as we show numerically for non-integer order and analytically for integer order. We also compute the Rényi mutual information, and find that, for appropriate choices of the parameters, it is non-positive and non-monotonic. This behavior is expected, but it cannot be seen with the simplest known Rényi entropies in quantum field theory because they are proportional to the entanglement entropy.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Interference between W-prime and W in single-top quark production processes
Creators: name: Boos, E.
name: Bunichev, V.
name: Dudko, L.
name: Perfilov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper is devoted to studies of prospects to search for hypothetical W-prime gauge bosons at hadron colliders via single-top quark production process. A special attention is paid to the interference between the Standard Model (SM) W and W-prime} boson contributions. A model independent analysis is performed for a wide interval of W-prime} masses potentially acceptable for a detection at the Tevatron and LHC. It is shown that the interference contribution to the cross section of the most promising s-channel single top production mode could be as large as 30 % for certain parameter points which is comparable to NLO effects computed in previous studies separately for the W-prime signal and the SM single-top background. The interference contribution affects particle distributions and has to be taken into account for more accurate W-prime signal and background simulation.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures; added references [8], [31] for section 1
Seaward movements of Keogh River steelhead parr : density-dependent dispersal and premature migration
Creators: name: Burrows, Jeff A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) parr captured at a full stream enumeration trap at the mouth of the Keogh River, northern Vancouver Island, British Columbia comprised 9-35% (mean = 20%) of seaward dispersing juvenile (smolts + parr) steelhead, 1977-1993. Total parr annually varied from 400-5000 (mean = 1600). I tested two competing hypotheses to explain this biologically significant phenomenon: parr seaward movement is (1) premature but directed migration homologous to smolt migration, and (2) downstream dispersal resulting from upstream, density-dependent interactions among juvenile steelhead. At the watershed scale, reconstruction of past stream population sizes of steelhead juveniles suggested exponentially increasing parr dispersal as estimated main stem population size increased. At the reach scale, steelhead parr dispersed from experimentally stocked reaches; high initial stocking densities revealed limits to reach carrying capacity. At the individual trout scale, observations of agonistic behaviour of non-dispersing and dispersing parr in artificial stream channels showed that parr size was more important than parr type in determining attack rate. Dispersing parr had both growth rates and body shape (indexed by condition factor) that were intermediate between smolts and non-dispersing parr of the same age. Finally, parr dispersal followed the same seasonal timing pattern that smolt migration followed in 14 years of daily downstream movement data. Experimental manipulation and observation of naturally occurring patterns produced data supporting each hypothesis. Therefore, parr seaward movement in the spring at the Keogh River seems to be a phenomenon blended from indirect density-dependent effects as well as premature migration.
Building connections with nature. A Reconnect policy brief on narratives that support nature restoration
Creators: name: Jay, Marion
name: Plieninger, Tobias
name: Martin, Romina
name: Cortés Capano, Gonzalo
name: Andersson, Erik
name: Zürn, Zoë
name: Demozzi, Tommaso
name: Arroyo Schnell, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biodiversity loss
subject: Biodiversity conservation
subject: Biodiversity protection
subject: Nature Restoration
subject: Human-Nature Connections
subject: Conservation Narratives

description: Restoring our ecosystems back to a healthy status is central to the transition towards a more sustainable future.  This is a process of changing the biophysical landscapes and actively working with human perceptions and world-views. For nature restoration to bring benefits for both nature and people, it is important to ensure that it will be a broad societal commitment, supported and motivated by strong narratives of meaningful relations between people and nature. To this point, the RECONNECT project has identified five narratives for nature restoration and conservation grounded in people’s experiences and different relationships with nature. These narratives showcase the diverse and complementary facets of revitalised and resilient human-nature relationships. This policy brief aims to contribute to the efforts of EU Member States and communities in implementing the EU Nature Restoration Regulation. It will help to identify common values and meaningful pathways for inclusive restoration activities, grounded in local realities.
$Λ$CDM cosmology with a quiescent anisotropy in a higher dimensional steady state universe
Creators: name: Akarsu, Ozgur
name: Dereli, Tekin
name: Katirci, Nihan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, which follows a series of studies on the higher-dimensional steady state universe idea and prepared for Professor Tekin Dereli's Festschrift, we show the influence of the dynamical internal (unobservable) space on the evolution of the possible anisotropy of the external (observable) space. We obtain mathematically exactly the same Friedmann equation of the standard $Λ$CDM model for the external space, but with some remarkable physical differences. In particular, the higher-dimensional negative cosmological constant plays the role of the four-dimensional positive cosmological constant and the expansion anisotropy, viz., the shear scalar, of the external space mimics a negative cosmological constant; it would mimic a stiff fluid when allowed on top of the standard $Λ$CDM model. This latter feature gives us the opportunity to manipulate the CMB quadrupole temperature fluctuation, suggesting a possible answer to the fact that its observed value is lower than that predicted by the standard $Λ$CDM model.
description: 9 pages, no figures and tables
Matter-antimatter asymmetry and non-inertial effects
Creators: name: Silveira, V. M. G.
name: Vasconcellos, C. A. Z.
name: Luna, E. G. S.
name: Hadjimichef, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate non-inertial effects on $CP$-violating processes using a model, based on the framework of quantum field theory in curved spacetimes, devised to account for the decay of accelerated particles. We show that the $CP$ violation parameter for the decay of accelerated kaons into two pions decreases very slightly as very high accelerations are achieved, implying decreased asymmetry between matter and antimatter in this regime. We discuss the relationship between these results and cosmological processes surrounding matter-antimatter asymmetry and argue that, due to the connection between non-inertial and thermal phenomena established by the Unruh effect, this kind of computation may prove useful in furthering the understanding of thermodynamical effects in curved spacetimes.
description: 15 pages, 1 table, 4 figures
Dirichlet boundary condition for the Lee-Wick-like scalar model
Creators: name: Borges, L. H. C.
name: Nogueira, A. A.
name: Rodrigues, E. H.
name: Barone, F. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lee-Wick-like scalar model near a Dirichlet plate is considered in this work. The modified propagator for the scalar field due to the presence of a Dirichlet boundary is computed, and the interaction between the plate and a point-like scalar charge is analysed. The non-validity of the image method is investigated and the results are compared with the corresponding ones obtained for the Lee-Wick gauge field and for the standard Klein-Gordon field.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
A review of adaptation to climate change through a development economics lens
Creators: name: Castells-Quintana, David
name: Del Pilar Lopez-Uribe, Maria
name: McDermott, Thomas K.J.
name: Castells-Quintana, David
name: Del Pilar Lopez-Uribe, Maria
name: McDermott, Thomas K.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Sustainable development
subject: climate change
subject: risk
subject: adaptation

description: This paper looks at adaptation to climate change from the point of view of (poor) households. Since the development literature has firmly established the role of weather risk as a source of income volatility for the poor, and climate change is expected to increase this risk, we review the range of risk-coping mechanisms available to poorer households, with a focus on possible barriers to adaptation. We ask both how government interventions affect the set of options available for adaptation and risk coping, and also what these adaptive responses imply for the prospects of sustainable development. Support for adaptation can involve efforts to make existing locations, livelihoods and forms of production more resilient to climate risk (in-situ adaptation), or reductions in vulnerability through the geographical and sectoral mobility of the poor (transformational adaptation). Our review shows how successful adaptation will need to strike a balance between the two forms of adaptation, avoiding locking-in unsustainable practices in locations that are already marginal from an economic perspective, and taking account of broader socio-economic trends already taking place in many developing countries (such as population growth and urbanisation). We also highlight important considerations for policy-makers, which to date have been relatively neglected in the literature, in particular related to the dynamic interaction between adaptation and sustainable development.