cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The solar chromosphere at high resolution with IBIS. II. Acoustic shocks in the quiet internetwork and the role of magnetic fields
Creators: name: Vecchio, A.
name: Cauzzi, G.
name: Reardon, K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Aims: We characterize the dynamics of the quiet inter-network chromosphere by studying the occurrence of acoustic shocks and their relation with the concomitant photospheric structure and dynamics. Methods: We analyze a comprehensive data set that includes high resolution chromospheric and photospheric spectra obtained with the IBIS imaging spectrometer in two quiet-Sun regions. This is complemented by high-resolution sequences of MDI magnetograms of the same targets. From the chromospheric spectra we identify the spatio-temporal occurrence of the acoustic shocks. We compare it with the photospheric dynamics by means of both Fourier and wavelet analysis, and study the influence of magnetic structures. Results: Mid-chromospheric shocks occur as a response to underlying powerful photospheric motions at periodicities nearing the acoustic cut-off, consistent with 1-D hydrodynamical modeling. However, their spatial distribution within the supergranular cells is highly dependent on the local magnetic topology, both at the network and internetwork scale. Large portions of the internetwork regions undergo very few shocks, as "shadowed" by the horizontal component of the magnetic field. The latter is betrayed by the presence of chromospheric fibrils, observed in the core of the CaII line as slanted structures with distinct dynamical properties. The shadow mechanism appears to operate also on the very small scales of inter-network magnetic elements, and provides for a very pervasive influence of the magnetic field even in the quietest region analyzed.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures (includes 1 Appendix). Accepted by A&A (16 October 2008). Minor changes from v1 after referee's comments. Higher quality figures available at http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~gcauzzi/papers_astroph/ibis.shocks.accepted.pdf
Zhang Ailing's experimental stories and the reader's participation in her short stories and novellas
Creators: name: Teichert, Evelyne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis is an in-depth analysis of three later short stories "Lust and Restrictions" (Characters Omitted),"Flowers and Pistils Floating on the Waves" (Characters Omitted), and "Happy Reunion" (Characters Omitted), written by the 1921 Shanghai born Chinese author Zhang Ailing. The analysis takes a look at the structure of these short stories and discovers that they differ from her earlier short stories, that is those she wrote ten years earlier in the 1940s, in their structural and narrative approach and thereby place a greater demand upon the reader's participation. These three stories are the only short stories by Zhang Ailing that do not develop in a linear fashion. The author introduces them in the preface of the anthology Sense of Loss by calling the second story "Flowers and Pistils Floating on the Waves" an "experiment." Because of their similar structural and narrative approach, I called all three of them "experimental" which really means the same as "modernists", to distinguish them from her earlier linear stories. The three major characteristics of the experimental stories, that is—the narrative happening in the character's minds, the chronological distortion of the narrative and the almost invisibility of a narrator large subordinated to the character's presence—all have the effect of bringing the reader close to the characters' subjective thoughts and reflect the characters' state of mind in the stories' present time, depending on the frequency of the switches between the times, that is between the past happening in the characters' minds and the stories present time. The reader's participation in these three stories is largely due to the narrative structure while in some of Zhang Ailing's lienar stories, as examined in this paper, it is based on the stories' content. The political changes in China, and the author's move away from the mainland could account for her increasingly pessimistic outlook on life reflected in the disjointed structures of the "experimental" stories.
X-ray Evolution of SN 1987A
Creators: name: Aschenbach, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The X-ray observations of SN 1987A over the previous 20 years have seen the emergence of soft X-rays from the interaction of the explosion shock wave with the ambient medium. This shock wave is now interacting strongly with the inner ring and might have passed already the highest density regions. The emission can be described by thermal models with two temperatures, with perhaps some but little change over time. Relative to the elemental abundances prevailing in the LMC the inner ring shows an overabundance of Si and S compared to the lighter elements and Fe, which suggests that the ring consists of highly processed matter dredged up in a binary merger event well before the explosion. The X-ray lightcurves between 0.5--2 keV and 3--10 keV differ significantly in slope, with the latter being much flatter but very similar to the radio light curve.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures; review talk to appear in the AIP Proceedings of the Conference " Supernova 1987A: 20 Years after - Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters" held in Aspen Co USA, Feb 19-23, 2007
Additional file 1 of Burden of informal care in stroke survivors and its determinants: a prospective observational study in an Asian setting
Creators: name: Wang, Yi
name: Tyagi, Shilpa
name: Hoenig, Helen
name: Lee, Kim En
name: Venketasubramanian, Narayanaswamy
name: Menon, Edward
name: De Silva, Deidre Anne
name: Yap, Philip
name: Tan, Boon Yeow
name: Young, Sherry H.
name: Ng, Yee Sien
name: Tu, Tian Ming
name: Ang, Yan Hoon
name: Kong, Keng He
name: Singh, Rajinder
name: Merchant, Reshma A.
name: Chang, Hui Meng
name: Ning, Chou
name: Cheong, Angela
name: Koh, Gerald Choon-Huat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Local Voltage Control by PV Inverters: First Operating Experience from Simulation, Laboratory Tests and Field Tests
Creators: name: Bletterie, B.
name: Stojanovic, A.
name: Kadam, S.
name: Lauss, G.
name: Heidl, M.
name: Winter, C.
name: Hanek, D.
name: Pamer, A.
name: Abart, A.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV - a Major Electricity Source
PV in the Electricity Mix

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4574-4581
description: Solar power appears to be one of the most promising resources to meet the medium and long term
renewable energy targets. The integration of large amounts of photovoltaic (PV) generation into distribution networks
faces some limitations due to the network constraints. The PV community became well aware of these limitations in
the last years. While first solutions have been pointed out mainly for large installations connected to the medium
voltage network, the specificities of low voltage networks are still not fully understood. This paper aims at explaining
the challenges associated to the planning and operation of low voltage network with high PV penetration. The actual
impact of PV infeed is quantified on the basis of real and accurate network, load and generation data. Results from
unsymmetrical load-flow computations are presented and the implementation of reactive power-based voltage control
is shortly discussed.
Improvement of primary power standard through international comparison feedback
Creators: name: Brunetti, Luciano
name: Oberto, Luca
name: Sellone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high frequency primary power standard is univocally realized by means of a coaxial microcalorimeter, at least up to 40 GHz. The coaxial microcalorimeter is a broadband measurement system adjusted for effec-tive efficiency measurement of power sensors both of bolometric and thermoelectric type. The critical point in the power standard realization is in the determination of the calibration constant g of the microcalorimeter, a frequency dependent parameter that has huge impact on the accuracy as-sessment of the standard. The paper proposes a simple but powerful way for improving this accuracy by using the reference values provided by in-ternational key-comparisons which the microcalorimeter was involved in.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, 2 tables
Supply and demand shocks in the COVID-19 pandemic: an industry and occupation perspective
Creators: name: Del Rio-Chanona, R Maria
name: Mealy, Penny
name: Pichler, Anton
name: Lafond, François
name: Farmer, J Doyne
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Unemployment
Economic Growth
Shocks
Covid-19

description: Abstract We provide quantitative predictions of first-order supply and demand shocks for the US economy associated with the COVID-19 pandemic at the level of individual occupations and industries. To analyse the supply shock, we classify industries as essential or non-essential and construct a Remote Labour Index, which measures the ability of different occupations to work from home. Demand shocks are based on a study of the likely effect of a severe influenza epidemic developed by the US Congressional Budget Office. Compared to the pre-COVID period, these shocks would threaten around 20 per cent of the US economy’s GDP, jeopardize 23 per cent of jobs, and reduce total wage income by 16 per cent. At the industry level, sectors such as transport are likely to be output-constrained by demand shocks, while sectors relating to manufacturing, mining, and services are more likely to be constrained by supply shocks. Entertainment, restaurants, and tourism face large supply and demand shocks. At the occupation level, we show that high-wage occupations are relatively immune from adverse supply- and demand-side shocks, while low-wage occupations are much more vulnerable. We should emphasize that our results are only first-order shocks—we expect them to be substantially amplified by feedback effects in the production network.
Cell-Module Integration Concept Compatible with c-Si Epitaxial Thin Foils and with Efficiencies over 18%
Creators: name: Dross, F.
name: Van Nieuwenhuysen, K.
name: Debucquoy, M.
name: Depauw, V.
name: Govaerts, J.
name: Boulord, C.
name: Granata, S.
name: Labie, R.
name: Loozen, X.
name: Martini, R.
name: O’Sullivan, B.
name: Sivaramakrishnan Radhakrishnan, S.
name: Beaucarne, G.
name: Gordon, I.
name: Poortmans, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2207-2211
description: There are several reasons why key actors in the PV industry target thinner Si cells. It is an unresolved question
whether stand-alone wafer processing will ever become a yielding production process on wafers thinner than ~80 μm. The
approach proposed in this paper, termed i2-module, is targeted to back contact cells with a thickness down to 40 μm. The i2-
module concept, aims at interconnecting very thin (~ 40 μm) back-contact cells. This is a disruptive approach starting from
(epitaxial) Si foils which are silicone-glued to the module. Subsequent process steps like patterning, BSF formation and
metallization, which would be critical to execute on stand-alone wafers of this thickness, are executed on bonded tiles of
wafers, at the “module level”. We report here experimental results both related to cell processing and to thin wafer supply.
The process development has been initiated using 170 μm thick FZ Si wafers as test platform. Front side of the wafers were
processed according to imec’s i2BC baseline including a back side emitter, afterwards they were subsequently silicone-
’glued’ to the module. Further rear-side processing is done while the substrates are bonded to the module glass and should
therefore have to be compatible with the glass and silicone glue.
Epitaxial foils are investigated as a “supply” of very thin Si wafers. Processes have been developed for growing these 40 μm
thick foils on top of a weak porous silicon layer. Those foils are transferred to the module glass after front side processing is
finished, using a silicone-based glue. Afterwards the parent substrate can be removed and the rear-side processes developed
at this moment for reference FZ bulk wafers will be applied on these bonded foils.
Spatial- and Range- ISLR Trade-off in MIMO Radar via Waveform Correlation Optimization
Creators: name: Raei, Ehsan
name: Alaee-Kerahrood, Mohammad
name: Shankar, M. R. Bhavani
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper aims to design a set of transmitting waveforms in cognitive colocated Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) radar systems considering the simultaneous minimization of spatial- and the range- Integrated Sidelobe Level Ratio (ISLR). The design problem is formulated as a bi-objective Pareto optimization under practical constraints on the waveforms, namely total transmit power, peak-to-average-power ratio (PAR), constant modulus, and discrete phase alphabet. A Coordinate Descent (CD) based approach is proposed, in which at every single variable update of the algorithm we obtain the solution of the uni-variable optimization problems. The novelty of the paper comes from deriving a flexible waveform design problem applicable for 4D imaging MIMO radars which is optimized directly over the different constraint sets. The simultaneous optimization leads to a trade-off between the two ISLRs and the simulation results illustrate significantly improved trade-off offered by the proposed methodologies.
The Economic Scale of Inverter Size
Creators: name: Straub, T.
name: Hartmann, M.
name: Laschinski, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3792-3794
description: When planning PV systems, inverter sizing is still often performed using rules of thumb. These are
easy to use, but are usually limited to ideal PV array orientation, distinct regions and other ancillary conditions.
Furthermore due to decreasing feed-in tariffs and non-subsidized scenarios the economic viability of PV systems is
becoming more and more important. As the inverter costs constitute a significant part of the total system costs the
potential of optimization needs closer inspection. This is especially true for PV systems with suboptimal orientations
or insolation conditions. These parameters have a substantial influence on the maximum PV power of the system
which also affects the appropriate inverter dimensioning.
This paper describes a new approach to determine the optimum inverter size considering economic aspects as well as
orientation, location and configuration of the PV system. It is based on the Energy Utilization Factor as a key
measure to find the optimum inverter size.
1366 TextureTM: Double Deep Honeycomb Light Trapping Texture
Creators: name: Sachs, E.
name: Bowman, T.
name: Cao, J.
name: Danner, G.
name: Ersen, A.
name: Gates, H.
name: Harris, D.
name: Inirio, H.
name: Kane, P.
name: Lambert, V.
name: Madden, P.
name: McMahon, P.
name: Passino, K.
name: Stebler, W.
name: Stern, E.
name: Tarasov, V.
name: Tattersfield, R.
name: West, B.
name: Lund, C.
name: Van Mierlo, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Solar Cell Improvements

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1946-1949
description: 1366 TextureTM with Double Deep Honeycomb achieves excellent light trapping by providing a regular hexagonal
array of pits, each of which contains a smaller pit at its base. Thus, this technology closes the reflectivity gap
between acidic texture (iso-texture) and random pyramids by >50% and simultaneously polishes the backside
surface – a feature that will become critical as new backside passivation technologies are brought to bear in the
future. Furthermore, the 1366 TextureTM cost of ownership is lower than conventional iso-texture. While
immediately relevant to texturing multicrystalline wafers, this technology is readily applicable to texturing nextgeneration
wafers. For example, 1366 TexturedTM cast mono-like wafers are uniform in appearance, in stark
contrast to alkaline-etched samples, as well as being higher efficiency. Additionally, this approach offers a grain
orientation-independent texturing solution to kerfless wafer technologies.
Final Results of High Precision Indoor and Outdoor Performance Characterization of Various Thin-Film PV Module Technologies
Creators: name: Jahn, U.
name: Schweiger, M.
name: Herrmann, W.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3233-3238
description: Comprehensive investigations of different thin-film technologies (a-Si, a-Si/μ-Si, a-Si/a-Si, CIS, CIGS
and CdTe) as well as crystalline technologies (mono- and polycrystalline) were performed in the laboratory and
outdoors. Measurements according to IEC 61853-1 [3] and IEC 61646 [1] were performed to determine the
temperature and low irradiation behaviour of each technology. In addition, spectral response measurements were
performed for single-junction and multi-junction cells in order to characterize the spectral behaviour of each
technology. To measure the energy yield the specimens were exposed at a test-site for long-term outdoor testing.
High-precision measurement equipment yielded a large database of indoor and outdoor module characteristics and
measurements of even small effects, in order to quantify their effects on the energy yield for the test site in Cologne,
Germany.
Kinematic Vortices induced by defects in Gapless Superconductors
Creators: name: Souto, Vinícius S.
name: Duarte, Elwis C. S
name: Sardella, Edson
name: Zadorosny, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (GTDGL) theory was first proposed to describe better gap superconductors and the phenomenon of thermal phase-slips (PSs) in defect-free systems. However, there is a lack of information about studies involving PSs in mesoscopic superconductors with surface defects. Thus, in this work, we simulated samples with two co-linear surface defects consisting of a lower $T_c$ superconductor narrowing the sample in its central part. The non-linear GTDGL equations were solved self-consistently under variable applied currents and by considering both gapless and gap-like superconductors. In such systems, the currents passing by the constriction induce the appearance of kinematic vortices even in the gapless sample. The dynamics always occur with a pair forming at opposite edges of the sample and annihilating in the center. It is noticed that the resistive state appears at distinct values of the applied current density for different samples, and the critical current presents a tiny difference between gapless and gap-like samples. It is worth mentioning that parameters such as the size of electrical contacts and constriction affect the critical current and the average velocity of the kinematic vortices.
description: 7 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Physics Letters A
Integrability of the Gauged Linear Sigma Model for AdS_5xS^5
Creators: name: Linch, William D.
name: Vallilo, Brenno Carlini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, a gauged linear sigma model was proposed by Berkovits and Vafa which can be used to describe the AdS_5xS^5 superstring at finite and zero radius. In this paper we show that the model is classically integrable by constructing its first non-local conserved charge and a superspace Lax "quartet". Quantum conservation of the non-local charge follows easily from superspace rules.
description: 20 pages, refs added
Local Energy Storage – The Next Level of PV Grid Integration
Creators: name: Umland, A.
name: Rothert, M.
name: Bukvic-Schäfer, A.-S.
name: Walter, M.
name: Laschinski, J.
name: Kever, F.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: PV Systems
Large PV Power Plants and Distributed PV: System Aspects and Grid Connection

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3736-3739
description: It is hard to deny the major role that photovoltaics have played in furthering the energy transition. Since 2011,
the load peak at noon can be fully covered by PV power – even on workdays. Despite the good correlation in time and the
excellent predictability of solar energy, the question still arises as to how additional PV power can be added to the power
distribution grid. As storage systems are one of the keys to archieving that, the more specific question is how PV can use its
unique strengths in combination with local storage systems. To answer this question, we’ll first take a look at the different
storage modes, their effects on the grid and the corresponding incentives for the end customer. Afterwards, three further
aspects of this complex and highly interdependent theme will be examined: The ideal battery sizing, battery cost and lifetime
and finally the possible impact of thermal storage systems and electric vehicles. Main results: The operational mode of the
storage seems to be much more important than the battery capacity. And more standardized solutions with small capacity and
intelligent energy management are the key to further sustainable PV growth.
The Agricultural Economy of the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi
Creators: name: Skinner, Snider W.
name: Skinner, Snider W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: The Belgian Congo, located in central Africa, lies on both sides of the Equator. Its area is roughly equivalent to that part of the United States east of the Mississippi River. All of Ruanda-Urundi is south of the Equator. It is about half the size of Tennessee and is thickly populated. Most of the population depends on agriculture for a living. Agriculture also contributes a large part of total exports, though nonfarm products, particularly minerals, usually bring in more foreign exchange than do farm products. Tree crops for export form a dominant part of the agricultural economy. These include coffee, palm oil and kernels, rubber, cocoa, tea, table bananas, and cinchona. In addition to palm produce, such oil-bearing crops as cottonseed, peanuts, sesame, and soybeans are grown. Other important export crops include lint cotton, cassava flour, urena and punga, pyrethrum, castor oil, sisal, and essential oils. When research for this bulletin was started, independence for the Belgian Congo was a faint dream, possibly attainable in 25 to 50 years. The surge toward independence reached the Belgian Congo in full force in 1959, and independence is now scheduled for June 30, 1960. The political future of Ruanda-Urundi is a different story. Self-rule has been promised, but the exact date has not been set. Meanwhile, here is a study of the agricultural economy of the Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi as it appeared in late 1959 and early 1960.
Lyapunov Stability Analysis of a Mass-Spring system subject to Friction
Creators: name: Barreau, Matthieu
name: Tarbouriech, Sophie
name: Gouaisbaut, Frederic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper deals with the stability analysis of a mass-spring system subject to friction using Lyapunov-based arguments. As the described system presents a stick-slip phenomenon, the mass may then periodically sticks to the ground. The objective consists of developing numerically tractable conditions ensuring the global asymptotic stability of the unique equilibrium point. The proposed approach merges two intermediate results: The first one relies on the characterization of an attractor around the origin, to which converges the closed-loop trajectories. The second result assesses the regional asymptotic stability of the equilibrium point by estimating its basin of attraction. The main result relies on conditions allowing to ensure that the attractor issued from the first result is included in the basin of attraction of the origin computed from the second result. An illustrative example draws the interest of the approach.
Amplified Dispersive Fourier-Transform Imaging for Ultrafast Displacement Sensing and Barcode Reading
Creators: name: Goda, Keisuke
name: Tsia, Kevin K.
name: Jalali, Bahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dispersive Fourier transformation is a powerful technique in which the spectrum of an optical pulse is mapped into a time-domain waveform using chromatic dispersion. It replaces a diffraction grating and detector array with a dispersive fiber and single photodetector. This simplifies the system and, more importantly, enables fast real-time measurements. Here we describe a novel ultrafast barcode reader and displacement sensor that employs internally-amplified dispersive Fourier transformation. This technique amplifies and simultaneously maps the spectrally encoded barcode into a temporal waveform. It achieves a record acquisition speed of 25 MHz -- four orders of magnitude faster than the current state-of-the-art.
description: Submitted to a journal
Integrated superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides
Creators: name: Höpker, Jan Philipp
name: Verma, Varun B.
name: Protte, Maximilian
name: Ricken, Raimund
name: Quiring, Viktor
name: Eigner, Christof
name: Ebers, Lena
name: Hammer, Manfred
name: Foerstner, Jens
name: Silberhorn, Christine
name: Mirin, Richard P.
name: Nam, Sae Woo
name: Bartley, Tim J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the integration of amorphous tungsten silicide superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors on titanium in-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. We show proof-of-principle detection of evanescently-coupled photons of 1550nm wavelength using bidirectional waveguide coupling for two orthogonal polarization directions. We investigate the internal detection efficiency as well as detector absorption using coupling-independent characterization measurements. Furthermore, we describe strategies to improve the yield and efficiency of these devices.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Topological estimation of percolation thresholds
Creators: name: Neher, Richard A.
name: Mecke, Klaus
name: Wagner, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Global physical properties of random media change qualitatively at a percolation threshold, where isolated clusters merge to form one infinite connected component. The precise knowledge of percolation thresholds is thus of paramount importance. For two dimensional lattice graphs, we use the universal scaling form of the cluster size distributions to derive a relation between the mean Euler characteristic of the critical percolation patterns and the threshold density $p_c$. From this relation, we deduce a simple rule to estimate $p_c$, which is remarkably accurate. We present some evidence that similar relations might hold for continuum percolation and percolation in higher dimensions.
description: Supplementary material is available at arxiv:0708.3251
Evaluation Methods of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Creators: name: Aoki, T.
name: Magaino, S.
name: Takagi, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
Organic-based PV

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2950-2953
description: Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC’s) have been widely investigated as a next generation solar cell.
Although international standards for the evaluation of silicon solar cells have been put forth and established by the
IEC as well as a domestic standard (JIS), the direct application of these standards to DSCs have serious drawbacks
because of their characteristic working principle. In fact, a DSC is known to possess a response time much longer in
compared with a silicon solar cell. Spectral responsivity of DSCs is deeply dependent of chopping frequency, and
excessively variable by their own assembly processes, components and/or materials. Two different types of DSCs
with a same dye Z907, but different electrolyte solvents, 3-methoxypropionitrile and an ionic liquid were analyzed
for their performance. I-V measurement shows a remarkable difference by the kinds of the solvents used, although
spectral resposivity measurement shows same tendency. Here, the evaluation method of the I-V characteristics and
spectral responsivity of the DSCs is reported.
The absolute frequency of the 87Sr optical clock transition
Creators: name: Campbell, Gretchen K.
name: Ludlow, Andrew D.
name: Blatt, Sebastian
name: Thomsen, Jan W.
name: Martin, Michael J.
name: de Miranda, Marcio H. G.
name: Zelevinsky, Tanya
name: Boyd, Martin M.
name: Ye, Jun
name: Diddams, Scott A.
name: Heavner, Thomas P.
name: Parker, Thomas E.
name: Jefferts, Steven R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The absolute frequency of the 1S0-3P0 clock transition of 87Sr has been measured to be 429 228 004 229 873.65 (37) Hz using lattice-confined atoms, where the fractional uncertainty of 8.6x10-16 represents one of the most accurate measurements of an atomic transition frequency to date. After a detailed study of systematic effects, which reduced the total systematic uncertainty of the Sr lattice clock to 1.5x10-16, the clock frequency is measured against a hydrogen maser which is simultaneously calibrated to the US primary frequency standard, the NIST Cs fountain clock, NIST-F1. The comparison is made possible using a femtosecond laser based optical frequency comb to phase coherently connect the optical and microwave spectral regions and by a 3.5 km fiber transfer scheme to compare the remotely located clock signals.
Çukurova University Space Sciences and Solar Energy Research and Application Center (UZAYMER): I. Observing Conditions and Ongoing Projects
Creators: name: Solmaz, Arif
name: Aksaker, Nazım
name: Akyüz, Aysun
name: Kurt, Zuhal
name: Allak, Sinan
name: Aladağ, Yasemin
name: Karakılçık, Mehmet
name: Emrahoğlu, Nuri
name: Özel, Mehmet Emin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Çukurova University Space Sciences and Solar Energy Research and Application Center (UZAYMER) was founded in 1991. In this work, we present current research in the fields of astronomy, astrophysics and solar energy and the astronomical infrastructure of the center. In addition, the astrometrological status of UZAYMER was investigated using long-term (20 years) data from the AstroGIS database and moderate-term (7 years) measurements taken from the meteorological station. Astronomical extinction coefficients, seeing conditions and light pollution measurements of UZAYMER were also obtained. Furthermore, the observation limits were determined for the UZAYMER 50 cm telescope (UT50) and the observation efficiency was evaluated. UZAYMER has reached a level that can support both national and international scientific collaborations with its improved technical infrastructure and increased human resources. With its annual number of clear nights, favorable weather conditions and dark sky values, UZAYMER ranks 972 in Group A of the Suitability Index for Astronomical Sites (SIAS) among the 2141 observatories.
description: 14 pages, in Turkish
A study of the binary radio star LSI +61 303
Creators: name: Xu, Huangjian
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: We present new 6 cm observations of the binary radio, X-ray and ɿ -ray star GT0236+610 (LSI+61°303) obtained in August 1984 and September 1986. Ve calculate an improved period for the source's periodic radio outbursts of 26.50 ± 0.03 days. No significant period derivative was found. Based on an analysis of 201 flux density measurements from 1977 August to 1986 September, we find evidence for a possible 4 year modulation of the amplitude of the 26.50 day periodic radio outbursts. A precessing jet model for this long period modulation is discussed.
kEDM: A Performance-portable Implementation of Empirical Dynamic Modeling using Kokkos
Creators: name: Takahashi, Keichi
name: Watanakeesuntorn, Wassapon
name: Ichikawa, Kohei
name: Park, Joseph
name: Takano, Ryousei
name: Haga, Jason
name: Sugihara, George
name: Pao, Gerald M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Empirical Dynamic Modeling (EDM) is a state-of-the-art non-linear time-series analysis framework. Despite its wide applicability, EDM was not scalable to large datasets due to its expensive computational cost. To overcome this obstacle, researchers have attempted and succeeded in accelerating EDM from both algorithmic and implementational aspects. In previous work, we developed a massively parallel implementation of EDM targeting HPC systems (mpEDM). However, mpEDM maintains different backends for different architectures. This design becomes a burden in the increasingly diversifying HPC systems, when porting to new hardware. In this paper, we design and develop a performance-portable implementation of EDM based on the Kokkos performance portability framework (kEDM), which runs on both CPUs and GPUs while based on a single codebase. Furthermore, we optimize individual kernels specifically for EDM computation, and use real-world datasets to demonstrate up to $5.5\times$ speedup compared to mpEDM in convergent cross mapping computation.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, accepted at Practice & Experience in Advanced Research Computing (PEARC'21), corresponding authors: Keichi Takahashi, Gerald M. Pao
Testing Gravity in the Outer Solar System: Results from Trans-Neptunian Objects
Creators: name: Wallin, John F.
name: Dixon, David S.
name: Page, Gary L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inverse square law of gravity is poorly probed by experimental tests at distances of ~ 10 AUs. Recent analysis of the trajectory of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft have shown an unmodeled acceleration directed toward the Sun which was not explained by any obvious spacecraft systematics, and occurred when at distances greater than 20 AUs from the Sun. If this acceleration represents a departure from Newtonian gravity or is indicative of an additional mass distribution in the outer solar system, it should be detectable in the orbits of Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs). To place limits on deviations from Newtonian gravity, we have selected a well observed sample of TNOs found orbiting between 20 and 100 AU from the Sun. By examining their orbits with modified orbital fitting software, we place tight limits on the perturbations of gravity that could exist in this region of the solar system.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, uses AASTex v5.x macros
Additional file 1 of De novo design of a pH-triggered self-assembled β-hairpin nanopeptide with the dual biological functions for antibacterial and entrapment
Creators: name: Li, Qiuke
name: Li, Jinze
name: Yu, Weikang
name: Wang, Zhihua
name: Li, Jiawei
name: Feng, Xingjun
name: Wang, Jiajun
name: Shan, Anshan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. HPLC of the pH-triggered self-assembled β-hairpin self-assembled peptide (SAP). Figure S2. MALDI-TOF MS spectrum of the pH-triggered self-assembled β-hairpin self-assembled peptide (SAP). Figure S3. (a) Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay of SAP at pH 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0. (b) Hydrodynamic size of 15.6 μg/ml SAP at pH 5.0. (c)ζ potential of SAP at pH 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0. Figure S4. Antibacterial activity of the SAP against E. coli ATCC 25922 in presence of 100 mM and 150 mM NaCl at pH 5.0 (mean ± SD, n = 3) (p < 0.05). Figure S5. Bacterial agglutination assay for the SAP. Agglutination of E. coli ATCC 25922 treated with 250 μg/mL SAP for 8 h in HEPES buffer at pH=5.0 (a), 6.0 (b) and 7.0 (c). Figure S6. Agglutination assay without bacteria as a control. SAP (250 μg/mL) was added to HEPES buffer at pH=5.0 (a), 6.0 (b) and 7.0 (c). Figure S7. Bacterial agglutination assay for different concentrations of SAP. Agglutination of E. coli ATCC 25922 treated with 0 μg/mL (a), 250 μg/mL (b), 125 μg/mL (c), 62.5 μg/mL (d), 31.5 μg/mL (e), 15.6 μg/mL (f), 7.8 μg/mL (g) and 3.9 μg/mL (h) SAP for 8 h in HEPES buffer at pH=6.0.
Supplementary material: Topological estimation of percolation thresholds
Creators: name: Neher, Richard A.
name: Mecke, Klaus
name: Wagner, Herbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is supplementary material for the article arxiv:0708.3250. We provide an alternative introduction of the mean Euler Characteristic, additional examples and the percolation thresholds for 2-uniform lattices.
description: Supplementary material for arxiv:0708.3250
On Coaxial Microcalorimeter Calibration
Creators: name: Brunetti, L.
name: Oberto, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primary power standards in the microwave domain are realized using a calorimetric technique, usually identified with the used measurement system, i.e., the microcalorimeter. It is adjusted for measurement of power ratios with a relative accuracy that, after an appropriate system calibration, is of order of 10^-3, at least in the microwave domain (1 GHz-18 GHz). Hereby we describe the calibration process implemented at the Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (Italy) for realizing a coaxial power standard based on indirect heating thermocouples. Particular regard is devoted to describe the nearly ideal thermal load used for determining the microcalorimeter losses and their influence on the measurand accuracy.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
A Extended Equivalent Circuit Model for CIGS Solar Cells
Creators: name: Eshaghi Gorji, N.
name: Reggiani, U.
name: Sandrolini, L.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2856-2859
description: A four-diode equivalent circuit for CIGS thin film solar cells incorporating some physical phenomena
such as trap states and grain boundaries is presented. The proposed model can be used for the precise analysis,
extraction of the electrical parameters and exact prediction of the current versus voltage characteristic of CIGS thin
film solar cells. Furthermore, the buffer layer current and impact ionization effects are introduced and discussed in
the equivalent circuit.
Integration in Finite Terms: Dilogarithmic Integrals
Creators: name: Kaur, Yashpreet
name: Srinivasan, Varadharaj R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend the theorem of Liouville on integration in finite terms to include dilogarithmic integrals. The results provide a necessary and sufficient condition for an element of the base field to have an antiderivative in a field extension generated by transcendental elementary functions and dilogarithmic integrals. We also study algebraic independence of certain dilogarithmic integrals.
Conversion Method between Outdoor and Indoor Measurements for Two Different Kinds of Technologies: c-Si and CdTe Modules
Creators: name: Braisaz, B.
name: Radouane, K.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3239-3242
description: In order to determine the profitability of a PV project, power plant operators need to predict
accurately the final energy production. It is crucial to know the operating power of PV modules. The correlation
between the peak power and the operating power is therefore a major issue for several services, such as the
project design, operation and maintenance. This paper compares measured performance parameters for several
photovoltaic modules tested at our outdoor test area near Paris and at EDF R&D indoor laboratory with our AAA
flasher. Then the origins of these discrepancies are analyzed and implemented into a model in order to translate
outdoor measurements to STC conditions. Finally, a comparison between indoor and corrected outdoor
measurements has been made under several meteorological conditions, in order to validate the correction method.
Thanks to our model, an uncertainty analysis of the corrected power has been investigated by the Monte-Carlo
method.
Global solutions to the three-dimensional full compressible magnetohydrodynamic flows
Creators: name: Hu, Xianpeng
name: Wang, Dehua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q36; 35D05; 76W05

description: The equations of the three-dimensional viscous, compressible, and heat conducting magnetohydrodynamic flows are considered in a bounded domain. The viscosity coefficients and heat conductivity can depend on the temperature. A solution to the initial-boundary value problem is constructed through an approximation scheme and a weak convergence method. The existence of a global variational weak solution to the three-dimensional full magnetohydrodynamic equations with large data is established.
Characterization of CIS Absorber Layer by Electron Beam Treatment
Creators: name: Kim, C.W.
name: Jeong, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Thin Film Solar Cells
CdTe, CIS and Related Ternary and Quaternary Thin Film Solar Cells

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2860-2863
description: We describe CIS films that are instead deposited by DC and RF magnetron sputtering from binary Cu2Se
and In2Se3 target without supply of selenium. Electron beam annealing method as a novel method was used for
crystallization of Cu2Se/In2Se3 stacked precursors. The surface, cross-sectional morphology and compositional ratio of
CIS films was investigated for the confirmation of the possibility in crystallization without any addition of selenium.
Through our works, e-beam annealing method can be a good candidate for rapid crystallization of Cu-In-Se sputtered
precursors.
Electron transport through single conjugated organic molecules: Basis set effects in ab initio calculations
Creators: name: Ke, San-Huang
name: Baranger, Harold U.
name: Yang, Weitao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate electron transport through single conjugated molecules - including benzenedithiol, oligo-phenylene-ethynylenes of different lengths, and a ferrocene-containing molecule sandwiched between two gold electrodes with different contact structures - by using a single-particle Green function method combined with density functional theory calculation. We focus on the effect of the basis set in the ab initio calculation. It is shown that the position of the Fermi energy in the transport gap is sensitive to the molecule-lead charge transfer which is affected by the size of basis set. This can dramatically change, by orders of magnitude, the conductance for long molecules, though the effect is only minor for short ones. A resonance around the Fermi energy tends to pin the position of the Fermi energy and suppress this effect. The result is discussed in comparison with experimental data.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Failure Modes after Damp Heat Tests on PV Modules
Creators: name: Van Iseghem, M.
name: Plotton, A.
name: Penneau, J.-F.
name: Chatagnon, N.
name: Binesti, D.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2012
Subjects: Components for PV Systems
PV Modules

description: 27th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3546-3548
description: We have tested 2 different commercially available module types A and B at 2 different damp heat temperatures: 85°C and 95°C, both at 85% relative humidity. For both module types, increasing test temperature accelerates power degradation. However, at higher test temperatures, the failure modes change. The observed failure
modes are (a) homogeneous humidity penetration from the back sheet, between the cells and further on towards their front surface. The cells degrade individually from their edges. (b) soldering or contact failures at the front side of the cells, which leads to increased series resistance Rs.
Climate change modulates the stratospheric volcanic sulfate aerosol lifecycle and radiative forcing from tropical eruptions
Creators: name: Aubry, Thomas J.
name: Staunton-Sykes, John
name: Marshall, Lauren R.
name: Haywood, Jim
name: Abraham, Nathan Luke
name: Schmidt, Anja
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/704/106/35
/704/106/35/824
/704/106/694
/704/2151/598
article

description: Abstract: Explosive volcanic eruptions affect climate, but how climate change affects the stratospheric volcanic sulfate aerosol lifecycle and radiative forcing remains unexplored. We combine an eruptive column model with an aerosol-climate model to show that the stratospheric aerosol optical depth perturbation from frequent moderate-magnitude tropical eruptions (e.g. Nabro 2011) will be reduced by 75% in a high-end warming scenario compared to today, a consequence of future tropopause height rise and unchanged eruptive column height. In contrast, global-mean radiative forcing, stratospheric warming and surface cooling from infrequent large-magnitude tropical eruptions (e.g. Mt. Pinatubo 1991) will be exacerbated by 30%, 52 and 15% in the future, respectively. These changes are driven by an aerosol size decrease, mainly caused by the acceleration of the Brewer-Dobson circulation, and an increase in eruptive column height. Quantifying changes in both eruptive column dynamics and aerosol lifecycle is therefore key to assessing the climate response to future eruptions.