cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Employing magma ocean crystallization models to constrain structure and composition of the lunar interior
Creators: name: Schwinger, Sabrina
name: Breuer, Doris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of lunar magma ocean solidification provides constraints on the properties of distinct chemical reservoirs in the lunar mantle that formed during the early evolution of the Moon. We use a combination of phase equilibria models consistent with experimental results on lunar magma ocean crystallization to study the effect of bulk silicate Moon composition on the properties of lunar mantle reservoirs. We find that the densities and relative proportions of these mantle reservoirs, in particular of the late forming ilmenite bearing cumulates (IBC), strongly depend on the FeO content of the bulk silicate Moon. This relation has implications for post-magma ocean mantle dynamics and the mass distribution in the lunar interior, because the dense IBC form at shallow depths but tend to sink towards the core mantle boundary. We quantify the relations between bulk silicate Moon FeO content, IBC thickness and bulk Moon density as well as mantle stratigraphy and bulk silicate Moon moment of inertia to constrain the bulk silicate Moon FeO content and the efficiency of IBC sinking. In combination with seismic and selenodetic constraints on mantle stratigraphy, core radius, extent of the low velocity zone at the core mantle boundary, considerations about the present day selenotherm and the effects of reservoir mixing by convection our model indicates that the bulk silicate Moon is only moderately enriched in FeO compared to the Earths mantle and contains about 9.4 - 10.9 weight percent FeO (with a lowermost limit of 8.3 weight percent and an uppermost limit of 11.9 weight percent). We also conclude that the observed bulk silicate Moon moment of inertia requires incomplete sinking of the IBC layer by mantle convection: only 20 - 60 percent of the IBC material might have reached the core mantle boundary, while the rest either remained at the depth of origin or was mixed into the middle mantle.
First VLBI observations of methanol maser polarisation, in G339.88-1.2
Creators: name: Dodson, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate class II methanol masers and the environment in which they form with the Long Baseline Array (LBA). Using full polarisation VLBI, we're able to measure the magnetic field directions so as to distinguish between the two main models of the environment in which methanol masers form: disks or shocks. We present polarised images of the methanol maser source G339.88-1.2, made with the LBA at 6.7-GHz. With these first polarisation maps made with the LBA, which successfully reproduce observations with the ATCA confirming the new AIPS code, a new technique for Southern VLBI is opened. The magnetic field directions found are inconstant with methanol masers arising in disks for the majority of the emission.
Monte Carlo simulations reveal the straightening up of an end-grafted flexible chain with a rigid side chain
Creators: name: Hellmann, Marcel
name: Weiss, Matthias
name: Heermann, Dieter W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the conformational properties of a flexible end-grafted chain (length $N$) with a rigid side chain (length $S$) by means of Monte Carlo simulations. Depending on the lengths $N$ and $S$ and the branching site, $b$, we observe a considerable straightening of the flexible backbone as quantified via the gyration tensor. For $b=N$, i.e. when attaching the side chain to the free end of the flexible backbone, the effect was strongest.
Observation of charge-density-wave excitations in manganites
Creators: name: Nucara, A.
name: Maselli, P.
name: Calvani, P.
name: Sopracase, R.
name: Ortolani, M.
name: Schade, U.
name: Gruener, G.
name: Guidi, M. Cestelli
name: Garcia, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the optical conductivity of four different manganites with commensurate charge order (CO), strong peaks appear in the meV range below the ordering temperature T_{CO}. They are similar to those reported for one-dimensional charge density waves (CDW) and are assigned to pinned phasons. The peaks and their overtones allow one to obtain, for La{1-n/8}Ca{n/8}$MnO{3} with n = 5, 6, the electron-phonon coupling, the effective mass of the CO system, and its contribution to the dielectric constant. These results support a description of the CO in La-Ca manganites in terms of moderately weak-coupling and of the CDW theory.
description: To be published on Phys. Rev. Lett
Transverse Energy per Charged Particle and Freeze-Out Criteria in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Cleymans, J.
name: Sahoo, R.
name: Mahapatra, D. P.
name: Srivastava, D. K.
name: Wheaton, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions the transverse energy per charged particle, E_T/N_ch, increases rapidly with beam energy and remains approximately constant at about 800 MeV for beam energies from SPS to RHIC. It is shown that the hadron resonance gas model describes the energy dependence, as well as the lack of centrality dependence, qualitatively. The values of E_T/N_ch are related to the chemical freeze-out criterium E/N about 1 GeV valid for primordial hadrons.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Continuity properties of the integrated density of states on manifolds
Creators: name: Lenz, Daniel
name: Peyerimhoff, Norbert
name: Post, Olaf
name: Veselic', Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35J10, 82B44

description: We first analyze the integrated density of states (IDS) of periodic Schrödinger operators on an amenable covering manifold. A criterion for the continuity of the IDS at a prescribed energy is given along with examples of operators with both continuous and discontinuous IDS'. Subsequently, alloy-type perturbations of the periodic operator are considered. The randomness may enter both via the potential and the metric. A Wegner estimate is proven which implies the continuity of the corresponding IDS. This gives an example of a discontinuous "periodic" IDS which is regularized by a random perturbation.
description: 35 pages, LaTeX 2e
Activated Carbon from Bagasse for Syrup Decolorization as an Alternative for Waste Management and the Assessment of Carbon Footprint
Creators: name: Nareerat Nachat, Patchaya Tobarameekul
Publisher: name: คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
Year: 2014
Subjects: activated carbon,syrup decolorization,bagasse,waste management,carbon footprint

description: 2, 12, Environment and Natural Resources Journal
Giant nonlinear response due to unconventional oscillation in Nodal-line semimetals
Creators: name: Sinha, Debabrata
name: Taraphder, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum oscillations in magnetoconductance of a material at low temperatures and in presence of an intense magnetic field are described by the Shubnikov de Haas (SdH) effect. It is widely assumed to be the hallmark of the Fermi surface of a given metal. In contrast to the canonical situation, we identify an exotic oscillation in nonlinear responses of three-dimensional nodal line semimetals (NLSMs) which persist even at temperatures where the typical SdH-like oscillations vanish. This oscillation occurs due to the periodic gap-closing of a pair of Landau levels at zero Fermi energy with the variation of the magnetic field. The emergence of the oscillation is a remarkable fingerprint of ring dispersion and the corresponding frequency can be used to determine the radius of the ring. Using the Boltzmann equation, we calculate the second harmonic generation of nodal line semimetals under parallel DC electric and strong magnetic fields. The second harmonic conductivity diverges at the gap closing condition leading to the giant nonlinear response in NLSMs.
description: 6 pages
Attribution patterns of learning-disabled boys : correlates and implications
Creators: name: Haqq, Donna Marie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Using interview techniques, researchers have shown that learning disabled children have maladaptive causal attributions for success and failure. In this study, which involved both interviews and an experimental manipulation, attributions of 30 learning disabled (LD) and 38 normally achieving (NLD) boys, 9-12 years, were compared. On a pre-experimental task questionnaire for "academic success," LD boys gave greater attributions to "luck" and to "task ease." On a pre-task questionnaire for "academic failure," both LD and NLD boys ascribed similar levels of causality to "bad luck," "task difficulty," and "lack of ability." However, NLD boys were more willing to attribute academic failure to their own lack of effort. After an experimental manipulation varying task difficulty, there were no group effects. Both LD and NLD boys attributed greater causality to "effort" and "ability" in the "easy" condi ti on. While there were no changes in scores (pre-, versus post-experimental task) on six cognitive measures, LD and NLD performances were significantly different on all six measures, especially on Serial Recall (LDs poorer in sequential processing) and on Color Naming (LDs slower in speed of processing). There were no pre-task group differences on expectancy for "self," but after the experimental manipulation the LD boys expected to do better, overall, and both LD and NLD boys had higher self-expectancy in the easy condition. There were no group differences on expectancy for "other," pre-task, but, after the experimental task, the LD group had higher expectancy for "another boy," and both groups had higher expectancy for "other" in the easy condition. Using Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist, LD boys were found to be less competent, socially and scholastically, and more depressed, hyperactive, obsessive/compulsive, aggressive, and delinquent. Despite these LD/NLD differences, the LD boys were better than a clinically referred group (except for lower school competence). The NLD group was comparable to a non-clinic norm group (except for higher school competence). Implications of this research led to recommendations for attribution retraining, both ascriptions of failures to lack of effort or ineffective strategies, and ascription of successes to good effort and ability.
On the determination of $σ$ from experimental data on the $ππ$ isoscalar $S$-wave at low energies
Creators: name: Caprini, Irinel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the determination of the pole associated to $σ$ from $ππ$ scattering data below the $K\bar{K}$ threshold, including the new precise data from $K_{e4}$ decay reported recently by the NA48/2 Collaboration. Using a large class of analytic parametrizations based on expansions in powers of conformal variables, we obtain for the mass and width of $σ$ values which are consistent with those calculated recently using ChPT and Roy equations, but have larger theoretical uncertainties.
description: 6 pages, talk at SCADRON 70 (Workshop on Scalar Mesons and Related Topics, Lisbon, 11-16 February 2008)
Ultrafast active plasmonics: transmission and control of femtosecond plasmon signals
Creators: name: MacDonald, K. F.
name: Samson, Z. L.
name: Stockman, M. I.
name: Zheludev, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report that femtosecond surface plasmon polariton pulses can propagate along a metal-dielectric waveguide and that they can be modulated on the femtosecond timescale by direct ultrafast optical excitation of the metal, thereby offering unprecedented terahertz plasmonic bandwidth - a key missing component in the development of surface plasmons as information carriers for next generation nanophotonic devices.
description: 4 pages (inc. 3 figures)
Voltage controllable superconducting state in the multi-terminal superconductor-normal metal bridge
Creators: name: Levichev, M. Yu.
name: Pashenkin, I. Yu.
name: Gusev, N. S.
name: Vodolazov, D. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study voltage controllable superconducting state in multi-terminal bridge composed of the dirty superconductor/pure normal metal (SN) bilayer and pure normal metal. In the proposed system small control current $I_{ctrl}$ flows via normal bridge, creates voltage drop $V$ and modifies distribution function of electrons in connected SN bilayer. In case of long normal bridge the voltage induced nonequilibrium effects could be interpreted in terms of increased local electron temperature. In this limit we experimentally find large sensitivity of critical curent $I_c$ of Cu/MoN/Pt-Cu bridge to $I_{ctrl}$ and relatively large current gain which originate from steep dependence of $I_c$ on temperature and large $I_c$ (comparable with theoretical depairing current of superconducting bridge). In the short normal bridge deviation from equilibrium cannot be described by simple increase of local temperature but we also theoretically find large sensitivity of $I_c$ to control current/voltage. In this limit we predict existence at finite $V$ of so called in-plane Fulde-Ferrell state with spontaneous currents in SN bilayer. We argue that its appearance is connected with voltage induced paramagnetic response in N layer.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Two particles on a star graph I
Creators: name: Harmer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a two particle system on a star graph with $δ$-function interaction. A class of eigensolutions is described which are constructed from appropriate one particle solutions, and hence are parametrised by two momenta. These solutions include a family of solutions with discontinuous derivative on the diagonal.
description: 2 figures. New version has only notational changes
Quasi-local energy for cosmological models
Creators: name: Chen, Chiang-Mei
name: Liu, Jian-Liang
name: Nester, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: First we briefly review our covariant Hamiltonian approach to quasi-local energy, noting that the Hamiltonian-boundary-term quasi-local energy expressions depend on the chosen boundary conditions and reference configuration. Then we present the quasi-local energy values resulting from the formalism applied to homogeneous Bianchi cosmologies. Finally we consider the quasi-local energies of the FRW cosmologies. Our results do not agree with certain widely accepted quasi-local criteria.
description: Contributed to International Symposium on Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics (CosPA 2006), Taipei, Taiwan, 15-17 Nov 2006
Lie 3-Algebra and Multiple M2-branes
Creators: name: Ho, Pei-Ming
name: Hou, Ru-Chuen
name: Matsuo, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the recent proposal of an N=8 supersymmetric action for multiple M2-branes, we study the Lie 3-algebra in detail. In particular, we focus on the fundamental identity and the relation with Nambu-Poisson bracket. Some new algebras not known in the literature are found. Next we consider cubic matrix representations of Lie 3-algebras. We show how to obtain higher dimensional representations by tensor products for a generic 3-algebra. A criterion of reducibility is presented. We also discuss the application of Lie 3-algebra to the membrane physics, including the Basu-Harvey equation and the Bagger-Lambert model.
description: 28 pages
Higgs Decay to Gluons at NNLO
Creators: name: Schreck, Marco
name: Steinhauser, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order corrections to the partial decay width $H\to gg$ for a Higgs boson in the intermediate mass range. We apply an asymptotic expansion for $M_H\ll 2M_t$ and compute three terms in the expansion. The leading term confirms the results present in the literature. It is argued that our result is equivalent to an exact calculation up to $M_H\approx M_t$. For a Higgs boson mass of 120 GeV the power-suppressed terms lead to corrections of about 9% in the next-to-next-to-leading order coefficient.
description: 13 pages, minor corrections, references corrected and added, to be published in Phys. Lett. B
Stability Analysis of a Hybrid Cellular Automaton Model of Cell Colony Growth
Creators: name: Gerlee, P.
name: Anderson, A. R. A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cell colonies of bacteria, tumour cells and fungi, under nutrient limited growth conditions, exhibit complex branched growth patterns. In order to investigate this phenomenon we present a simple hybrid cellular automaton model of cell colony growth. In the model the growth of the colony is limited by a nutrient that is consumed by the cells and which inhibits cell division if it falls below a certain threshold. Using this model we have investigated how the nutrient consumption rate of the cells affects the growth dynamics of the colony. We found that for low consumption rates the colony takes on a Eden-like morphology, while for higher consumption rates the morphology of the colony is branched with a fractal geometry. These findings are in agreement with previous results, but the simplicity of the model presented here allows for a linear stability analysis of the system. By observing that the local growth of the colony is proportional to the flux of the nutrient we derive an approximate dispersion relation for the growth of the colony interface. This dispersion relation shows that the stability of the growth depends on how far the nutrient penetrates into the colony. For low nutrient consumption rates the penetration distance is large, which stabilises the growth, while for high consumption rates the penetration distance is small, which leads to unstable branched growth. When the penetration distance vanishes the dispersion relation is reduced to the one describing Laplacian growth without ultra-violet regularisation. The dispersion relation was verified by measuring how the average branch width depends on the consumption rate of the cells and shows good agreement between theory and simulations.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Final results of CALDER: Kinetic inductance light detectors to search for rare events
Creators: name: Cardani, Laura
name: Casali, Nicola
name: Colantoni, Ivan
name: Cruciani, Angelo
name: Di Domizio, Sergio
name: Martinez, Maria
name: Pettinacci, Valerio
name: Pettinari, Giorgio
name: Vignati, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The next generation of bolometric experiments searching for rave events, in particular for the neutrino-less double beta decay, needs fast, high-sensitivity and easy-to-scale cryogenic light detectors. The CALDER project (2014-2020) developed a new technology for light detection at cryogenic temperature. In this paper we describe the achievements and the final prototype of this project, consisting of a $5\times5$ cm$^2$, 650 $μ$m thick silicon substrate coupled to a single kinetic inductance detector made of a three-layer aluminum-titanium-aluminum. The baseline energy resolution is 34$\pm$1(stat)$\pm$2(syst) eV RMS and the response time is 120 $μ$s. These features, along with the natural multiplexing capability of kinetic inductance detectors, meet the requirements of future large-scale experiments.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures
Test of pulse shape analysis using single Compton scattering events
Creators: name: Abt, I.
name: Caldwell, A.
name: Kröninger, K.
name: Liu, J.
name: Liu, X.
name: Majorovits, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compton scattering is one of the dominant interaction processes in germanium for photons with an energy of around two MeV. If a photon scatters only once inside a germanium detector, the resulting event contains only one electron which normally deposits its energy within a mm range. Such events are similar to Ge-76 neutrinoless double beta-decay events with just two electrons in the final state. Other photon interactions like pair production or multiple scattering can result in events composed of separated energy deposits. One method to identify the multiple energy deposits is the use of timing information contained in the electrical response of a detector or a segment of a detector. The procedures developed to separate single- and multiple-site events are tested with specially selected event samples provided by an 18-fold segmented prototype germanium detector for Phase II of the GERmanium Detector Array, GERDA. The single Compton scattering, i.e. single-site, events are tagged by coincidently detecting the scattered photon with a second detector positioned at a defined angle. A neural network is trained to separate such events from events which come from multi-site dominated samples. Identification efficiencies of ~80% are achieved for both single- and multi-site events.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, to be submitted to European Physical Journal C
title: Halcyon Days for the Right to Silence: AG Pikamäe's Opinion in Case DB v. Consob
Creators: name: Sakellaraki, Anna
Publisher: name: European Papers (www.europeanpapers.eu)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: right to remain silent
subject: administrative sanctions of a punitive nature
subject: market abuse
subject: Directive 2003/6/EC
subject: Regulation (EU) No 596/2014
subject: supervisory authorities' investigative and sanctioning powers

description: European Papers - A Journal on Law and Integration, 2020 5(3), 1543-1554
description: European Forum Insight of 14 January 2021
description: The case DB v. Consob (judgement of 27 October 2020, case C-481/19), pending before the Court of Justice, deals with preliminary questions referred by the Italian Constitutional Court on the applicability and scope of a natu-ral person's right to remain silent during administrative proceedings which may lead to the imposition of sanc-tions of a criminal nature. The case at hand concerns proceedings before Consob in the context of an investiga-tion into infringements of insider trading and market manipulation law. This is not the first time the Court has been called upon to rule on proceedings before Consob and their compliance with the right to a fair trial. But this time, another aspect of due process, the right to silence and its corollary privilege against self-incrimination comes to the fore. The AG Pikamäe Opinion's (delivered on 27 October 2020) on added value can be summarised in the following point: The protection of the right to silence of natural persons under Art. 6 European Convention on Human Rights should be extended to their statements on facts that may have a bearing on the conviction or penalty imposed on them in administrative criminal proceedings. This Insight gives a brief account of the legal and factual background of the case, outlines the key legal considerations of the AG Opinion and proceeds with a critical reflection on some of the issues pointed out in the latter.
description: I. Introduction. - II. Legal and factual background. - II.1. European and Italian legal framework. - ii.2. Facts of the case. - III. Key legal considerations of the AG Opinion. - III.1. On the applicability of the right to silence in administrative proceedings which may lead to sanctions of criminal nature. - III.2. On the compliance of secondary EU law provisions with the right to silence. - III.3. On the scope of the right to silence under the Charter (Arts 47 and 48). - IV. Critical reflection by way of conclusion.
Ultrafast electric control of cavity mediated single-photon and photon-pair generation with semiconductor quantum dots
Creators: name: Bauch, David
name: Heinze, Dirk
name: Förstner, Jens
name: Jöns, Klaus D.
name: Schumacher, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Employing the ultrafast control of electronic states of a semiconductor quantum dot in a cavity, we introduce a novel approach to achieve on-demand emission of single photons with almost perfect indistinguishability and photon pairs with near ideal entanglement. Our scheme is based on optical excitation off-resonant to a cavity mode followed by ultrafast control of the electronic states using the time-dependent quantum-confined Stark effect, which then allows for cavity-resonant emission. Our theoretical analysis takes into account cavity-loss mechanisms, the Stark effect, and phonon-induced dephasing allowing realistic predictions for finite temperatures.
The Environment of Sy1, Sy2 & Bright IRAS Galaxies
Creators: name: Koulouridis, E.
name: Chavushyan, V.
name: Plionis, M.
name: Dultzin, D.
name: Krongold, Y.
name: Goudis, C.
name: Chatzichristou, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 3-dimensional study of the local (< 100 kpc) environment of Sy1, Sy2 and Bright IRAS Galaxies. For this purpose we use three galaxy samples (Sy1, Sy2, BIRG) located at high galactic latitudes as well as three control sample of non-active galaxies having the same morphological, redshift and diameter size distributions as the corresponding Seyfert or BIRG sample. Using the CfA2 and SSRS galaxy catalogues as well as our own spectroscopic observations, we find that the fraction of BIRGs with a close neighbor is significantly higher than that of their control sample. We also find that Sy2 galaxies demonstrate the same behaviour with BIRG galaxies but not with Sy1s which do not show any excess of companions with respect to their control sample galaxies. An additional analysis of the relation between FIR colors and activity type of the BIRG's shows a significant difference between the colors of strongly-interacting and non-interacting starbursts and a resemblance between the colors of non-interacting starbursts and Sy2s.Our results support an evolutionary scenario leading from Starbursting to a Sy2 and finally to an unobscured Sy1 galaxy, where close interactions play the role of the triggering mechanism.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, uses mem.cls, natbib.sty and aa.bst, The Central Kiloparsec 2008 conference, to be published in the Volume 79 of the Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana
Lattice polytopes having h^*-polynomials with given degree and linear coefficient
Creators: name: Nill, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B20

description: The h^*-polynomial of a lattice polytope is the numerator of the generating function of the Ehrhart polynomial. Let P be a lattice polytope with h^*-polynomial of degree d and with linear coefficient h^*_1. We show that P has to be a lattice pyramid over a lower-dimensional lattice polytope, if the dimension of P is greater or equal to h^*_1 (2d+1) + 4d-1. This result has a purely combinatorial proof and generalizes a recent theorem of Batyrev.
description: AMS-LaTeX, 9 pages; introduction improved
Truthful Unsplittable Flow for Large Capacity Networks
Creators: name: Azar, Yossi
name: Gamzu, Iftah
name: Gutner, Shai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2

description: In this paper, we focus our attention on the large capacities unsplittable flow problem in a game theoretic setting. In this setting, there are selfish agents, which control some of the requests characteristics, and may be dishonest about them. It is worth noting that in game theoretic settings many standard techniques, such as randomized rounding, violate certain monotonicity properties, which are imperative for truthfulness, and therefore cannot be employed. In light of this state of affairs, we design a monotone deterministic algorithm, which is based on a primal-dual machinery, which attains an approximation ratio of $\frac{e}{e-1}$, up to a disparity of $ε$ away. This implies an improvement on the current best truthful mechanism, as well as an improvement on the current best combinatorial algorithm for the problem under consideration. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that any algorithm in the family of reasonable iterative path minimizing algorithms, cannot yield a better approximation ratio. Consequently, it follows that in order to achieve a monotone PTAS, if exists, one would have to exert different techniques. We also consider the large capacities \textit{single-minded multi-unit combinatorial auction problem}. This problem is closely related to the unsplittable flow problem since one can formulate it as a special case of the integer linear program of the unsplittable flow problem. Accordingly, we obtain a comparable performance guarantee by refining the algorithm suggested for the unsplittable flow problem.
A spherical model with directional interactions: I. Static properties
Creators: name: Zaccarelli, Emanuela
name: Sciortino, Francesco
name: Tartaglia, Piero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a simple spherical model whose structural properties are similar to the ones generated by models with directional interactions, by employing a binary mixture of large and small hard spheres, with a square-well attraction acting only between particles of different size. The small particles provide the bonds between the large ones. With a proper choice of the interaction parameters, as well as of the relative concentration of the two species, it is possible to control the effective valence. Here we focus on a specific choice of the parameters which favors tetrahedral ordering and study the equilibrium static properties of the system in a large window of densities and temperatures. Upon lowering the temperature we observe a progressive increase in local order, accompanied by the formation of a four-coordinated network of bonds. Three different density regions are observed: at low density the system phase separates into a gas and a liquid phase; at intermediate densities a network of fully bonded particles develops; at high densities -- due to the competition between excluded volume and attractive interactions -- the system forms a defective network. The very same behavior has been previously observed in numerical studies of non-spherical models for molecular liquids, such as water, and in models of patchy colloidal particles. Differently from these models, theoretical treatments devised for spherical potentials, e.g. integral equations and ideal mode coupling theory for the glass transition can be applied in the present case, opening the way for a deeper understanding of the thermodynamic and dynamic behavior of low valence molecules and particles.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Extended Scaling in High Dimensions
Creators: name: Berche, Bertrand
name: Chatelain, Christophe
name: Dhall, Chania
name: Kenna, Ralph
name: Low, Robert
name: Walter, Jean-Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply and test the recently proposed "extended scaling" scheme in an analysis of the magnetic susceptibility of Ising systems above the upper critical dimension. The data are obtained by Monte Carlo simulations using both the conventional Wolff cluster algorithm and the Prokof'ev-Svistunov worm algorithm. As already observed for other models, extended scaling is shown to extend the high-temperature critical scaling regime over a range of temperatures much wider than that achieved conventionally. It allows for an accurate determination of leading and sub-leading scaling indices, critical temperatures and amplitudes of the confluent corrections.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. Improved version to appear in JSTAT
Spectral transfer and Kármán-Howarth-Monin equations for compressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Hellinger, Petr
name: Papini, Emanuele
name: Verdini, Andrea
name: Landi, Simone
name: Franci, Luca
name: Matteini, Lorenzo
name: Montagud-Camps, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive two new forms of the Kármán-Howarth-Monin equation for decaying compressible Hall magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We test them on results of a weakly-compressible, two-dimensional, moderate-Reynolds-number Hall MHD simulation and compare them with an isotropic spectral transfer (ST) equation. The KHM and ST equations are automatically satisfied during the whole simulation owing to the periodic boundary conditions and have complementary cumulative behavior. They are used here to analyze the onset of turbulence and its properties when it is fully developed. These approaches give equivalent results characterizing: the decay of the kinetic + magnetic energy at large scales, the MHD and Hall cross-scale energy transfer/cascade, the pressure dilatation, and the dissipation. The Hall cascade appears when the MHD one brings the energy close to the ion inertial range and is related to the formation of reconnecting current sheets. At later times, the pressure-dilation energy-exchange rate oscillates around zero with no net effect on the cross-scale energy transfer when averaged over a period of its oscillations. A reduced one-dimensional analysis suggests that all three methods may be useful to estimate the energy cascade rate from in situ observations.
description: 11 pages, 7 figues
Additional file 1 of Multi-omics sequencing revealed endostar combined with cisplatin treated non small cell lung cancer via anti-angiogenesis
Creators: name: Wang, Yufei
name: Ren, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Developmental Biology
Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
I consorzi di cooperative sociali. Aspetti teorici e applicativi
Creators: name: Ferrone, Caterina
Publisher: name: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Year: 2006

description: Nell’ultimo decennio si sono verificati una serie di avvenimenti che hanno cambiato la conoscenza  delle istituzioni non profit in Italia. In particolare, tale cambiamento è dovuto all’approvazione di alcune norme che hanno definito e disciplinato gli aspetti organizzativi, gestionali e fiscali delle istituzioni non profit, ad esempio: le organizzazioni di volontariato, le cooperative sociali, le associazioni di promozione sociale, le fondazioni di assistenza e di beneficenza;  il crescere del peso economico, del ruolo sociale e politico delle istituzioni non profit e il costante incremento numerico delle stesse in Italia, ed anche lo studio di tali istituzioni da parte di molte discipline, non ultima l’economia aziendale.
Il mio studio è inerente alla  sistemazione teorica del Consorzio di cooperative sociali in particolare riguardo la sua configurazione e la produzione caratteristica.
La scelta di tale oggetto di studio nasce dall’analisi del fenomeno della cooperazione sociale che in questo ultimo decennio ha assunto dimensioni notevoli.
La metodologia di ricerca utilizzata è di tipo deduttivo, ovvero nasce dall’analisi sul campo di alcuni  Consorzi di cooperative sociali.
Per tentare di conseguire detto obiettivo ho studiato la relazione azienda-ambiente, le aggregazioni aziendali, le classificazioni delle stesse individuate in base ai loro caratteri distintivi; gli aspetti economico-aziendali delle cooperative sociali, in particolare attraverso un confronto tra l’impresa cooperativa e la cooperativa sociale alla luce del pensiero di autori sostenenti posizioni diverse quali Tessitore, Vermiglio, Matacena e altri, sia l’analisi dei caratteri di originalità della cooperativa sociale, la composizione del soggetto cooperativo, i sistemi di remunerazione e di partecipazione al rischio di impresa (temi sviluppati nella prima  parte  della tesi).
Nella seconda parte della tesi ho analizzato le caratteristiche del modello consortile, quale modello scelto dalla maggior parte delle cooperative sociali presenti nel territorio italiano, attraverso l’analisi della sua configurazione, delle motivazioni della scelta del modello aggregativo come scelta strategica per lo “sviluppo e la crescita delle cooperative sociali” e l’analisi di un caso aziendale.
A study on Japan's reaction to the 1973 oil crisis
Creators: name: Yamakoshi, Atsushi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The object of this dissertation is to investigate Japan's reaction to the 1973 oil crisis in order to answer two major questions. First, why and how was Japan able to recover from the 1973 oil crisis? Secondly, what was distinctive about Japan's reaction to the oil crisis as compared with the reactions of other countries? Chapter One provides a general review of the 1973 oil crisis. It also discusses the focus and the basic methodology of this dissertation. Chapter Two examines the political aspects of Japan's reaction to the oil crisis. At the beginning of the 1970's, the Japanese political scene was in a state of historical transition mainly because the. opinions of Japanese people were becoming diversified after the accomplishment of extensive economic growth. The 1973 oil crisis reflected the differences of opinion in the government and the conflict of interests among industrial sectors. This chapter pays special attention to Japan's bureaucracy in facing the oil crisis. Chapter Three discusses the economic aspects of Japan's reaction to the oil crisis. The oil crisis created great confusion within the Japanese economy because it occurred at the time of the inflationary situation after the "Nixon Shock" in 1971. However, Japan recovered from the crisis by changing its industrial structure. The oil crisis elucidated the vulnerability, efficiency and flexibility of the Japanese economy. Chapter Four deals with the business aspects of Japan's reaction. Japanese business leaders tried to influence the decision-making process of the Japanese government through the activities of four major business organizations: Keidanren, Nissho, Nikkeiren and Doyukai. Companies made efforts to rationalize their production process by decreasing intermediate inputs. These rationalization efforts decreased demand for the materials produced by oil-reliant industries and accelerated the structural change in Japanese industry. The cooperative relations between the government and business and between management and labour moderated the friction caused by this structural change. Chapter Five offers the major findings of the preceding chapters. Based on those findings, it concludes that Japan's recovery from the 1973 oil crisis was accomplished by the voluntary commitment of various social factions to solving the problems caused by the crisis rather than by the consensual efforts led by the government. This voluntary commitment is recognized as the most distinctive feature in the Japanese reaction to the oil crisis.
Cold gas in the Perseus cluster core: Excitation of molecular gas in filaments
Creators: name: Salomé, P.
name: Combes, F.
name: Revaz, Y.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: Hatch, N. A.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Johnstone, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have recently detected CO lines in the well-known filaments around NGC 1275, the galaxy at the centre of the Perseus cluster of galaxies. These previous observations, with the HERA multi-beam array at the IRAM 30m telescope enabled us to make a large map of the CO(2-1) line and to see hints of molecular gas far away from the cluster centre. To confirm the presence of CO emission lines in the outer filaments and to study the CO(2-1)/CO(1-0) line ratio, we observed seven regions of interest again with the 30m telescope in both CO(1-0) and CO(2-1). The regions we observed were: the eastern filament, the horseshoe, the northern filament and a southern extension, all selected from Halpha emission line mapping. Molecular gas is detected in all the observed regions. This result confirms the large extent of the cold molecular gas filaments. We discuss the CO(2-1)/CO(1-0) ratios in the filaments. The eastern filament has optically thick gas, whereas further away, the line ratio increases close to values expected for a warmer optically thin medium. We also show CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) lines in 9 regions closer to the centre. The kinematics of the CO is studied here in more detail and confirms that it follows the motions of the warm H_2 gas found in the near-infrared. Finally, we searched for dense gas tracers around 3C84 and claim here the first detection of HCN(3-2).
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, A&A in press
Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign
Creators: name: Algaba, J. C.
name: Anczarski, J.
name: Asada, K.
name: Balokovic, M.
name: Chandra, S.
name: Cui, Y. -Z.
name: Falcone, A. D.
name: Giroletti, M.
name: Goddi, C.
name: Hada, K.
name: Haggard, D.
name: Jorstad, S.
name: Kaur, A.
name: Kawashima, T.
name: Keating, G.
name: Kim, J. -Y.
name: Kino, M.
name: Komossa, S.
name: Kravchenko, E. V.
name: Krichbaum, T. P.
name: Lee, S. -S.
name: Lu, R. -S.
name: Lucchini, M.
name: Markoff, S.
name: Neilsen, J.
name: Nowak, M. A.
name: Park, J.
name: Principe, G.
name: Ramakrishnan, V.
name: Reynolds, M. T.
name: Sasada, M.
name: Savchenko, S. S.
name: Williamson, K. E.
name: Collaboration, The Event Horizon Telescope
name: Collaboration, The Fermi Large Area Telescope
name: Collaboration, H. E. S. S.
name: Collaboration, MAGIC
name: Collaboration, VERITAS
name: Collaboration, EAVN
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass approximately 6.5 x 10^9 M_solar. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous gamma-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the gamma-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded.
description: 43 pages, 19 figures, 10 tables; complete author list available in manuscript; The Astrophysical Journal Letters, 2021, 911, L11; publication doi: 3847/2041-8213/abef71, data doi: 10.25739/mhh2-cw46
On the superfluidity of classical liquid in nanotubes
Creators: name: Maslov, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2001, the author proposed the ultra second quantization method. The ultra second quantization of the Schrödinger equation, as well as its ordinary second quantization, is a representation of the N-particle Schrödinger equation, and this means that basically the ultra second quantization of the equation is the same as the original N-particle equation: they coincide in 3N-dimensional space. We consider a short action pairwise potential V(x_i -x_j). This means that as the number of particles tends to infinity, $N\to\infty$, interaction is possible for only a finite number of particles. Therefore, the potential depends on N in the following way: $V_N=V((x_i-x_j)N^{1/3})$. If V(y) is finite with support $Ω_V$, then as $N\to\infty$ the support engulfs a finite number of particles, and this number does not depend on N. As a result, it turns out that the superfluidity occurs for velocities less than $\min(λ_{\text{crit}}, \frac{h}{2mR})$, where $λ_{\text{crit}}$ is the critical Landau velocity and R is the radius of the nanotube.
description: Latex, 20p. The text is presented for the International Workshop "Idempotent and tropical mathematics and problems of mathematical physics", Independent University of Moscow, Moscow, August 25--30, 2007 and to be published in the Russian Journal of Mathematical Physics, 2007, vol. 15, #3