cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Kirche und Staat; [1848]
title: Betrachtungen über den Artikel III des Entwurfs der Grundrechte des deutschen Volks ; Frankfurt am Main im August 1848
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Döllinger, Ignaz von
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: In Fraktur
New Analysis of Threshold Photoproduction Data from MAMI
Creators: name: Fernandez-Ramirez, Cesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk I will review the recently published results by the A2 and CB-TAPS Collaborations at MAMI on neutral pion photoproduction in the near-threshold region. The combined measurement of the differential cross section and the photon beam asymmetry with low statistical errors allowed for a precise determination of the energy dependence of the real parts of the S- and P-wave amplitudes for the first time, providing the most stringent test to date of the predictions of Chiral Perturbation Theory and its energy region of agreement with experiment.
description: 4 pages. Contribution to the 13th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon (MENU 2013), Rome, September-October 2013
Adaptive weighting of Bayesian physics informed neural networks for multitask and multiscale forward and inverse problems
Creators: name: Perez, Sarah
name: Maddu, Suryanarayana
name: Sbalzarini, Ivo F.
name: Poncet, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present a novel methodology for automatic adaptive weighting of Bayesian Physics-Informed Neural Networks (BPINNs), and we demonstrate that this makes it possible to robustly address multi-objective and multi-scale problems. BPINNs are a popular framework for data assimilation, combining the constraints of Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) and Partial Differential Equation (PDE). The relative weights of the BPINN target distribution terms are directly related to the inherent uncertainty in the respective learning tasks. Yet, they are usually manually set a-priori, that can lead to pathological behavior, stability concerns, and to conflicts between tasks which are obstacles that have deterred the use of BPINNs for inverse problems with multi-scale dynamics. The present weighting strategy automatically tunes the weights by considering the multi-task nature of target posterior distribution. We show that this remedies the failure modes of BPINNs and provides efficient exploration of the optimal Pareto front. This leads to better convergence and stability of BPINN training while reducing sampling bias. The determined weights moreover carry information about task uncertainties, reflecting noise levels in the data and adequacy of the PDE model. We demonstrate this in numerical experiments in Sobolev training, and compare them to analytically $ε$-optimal baseline, and in a multi-scale Lokta-Volterra inverse problem. We eventually apply this framework to an inpainting task and an inverse problem, involving latent field recovery for incompressible flow in complex geometries.
All-polarization-maintaining linear cavity fiber lasers mode-locked by nonlinear polarization evolution in stretched pulse regime
Creators: name: Liu, Xuanyi
name: Ye, Feng
name: Zhao, Minghe
name: Malomed, Boris A.
name: Fu, H. Y.
name: Li, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear polarization evolution (NPE) is among the most advanced techniques for obtaining ultrashort pulses with excellent optical performance. However, it is challenging to design environmentally stable NPE fiber oscillators using only polarization-maintaining (PM) fibers. Here, we use the same PM fiber and non-reciprocal phase shifter to design two different devices, which are capable of acting as effective NPE saturable absorbers (SAs) in two all-PM linear cavity fiber lasers. These two laser setups differ in the position of the non-reciprocal phase shifter, the presence of which is crucial for the proposed fiber lasers to reduce their mode-locking thresholds and achieve high repetition rates above 100 MHz. The mode-locking principle and pulse evolution in the laser cavity are investigated theoretically. The first all-PM fiber oscillator emits sub-200 fs stretched pulses with low peak powers. The second oscillator, with a simpler architecture, directly delivers stretched pulses with high peak powers, the spectral bandwidth greater than 30 nm, and the pulse duration less than 90 fs. To the best of our knowledge, 79 fs achieved in this design is the shortest pulse duration provided by PM fiber lasers using NPE mode-lockers.
description: to be published in J. Lightwave Tech
Axion electrodynamics: Green's functions, zero-point energy and optical activity
Creators: name: Favitta, Amedeo M.
name: Brevik, Iver
name: Chaichian, Masud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from the theory of Axion Electrodynamics, we work out the axionic modifications to the electromagnetic Casimir energy using the Green's function, both when the axion field is initially assumed purely time-dependent and when the axion field configuration is a static domain wall. For the first case it means that the oscillating axion background is taken to resemble an axion fluid at rest in a conventional Casimir setup with two infinite parallel conducting plates, while in the second case we evaluate the radiation pressure acting on an axion domain wall. We extend previous theories in order to include finite temperatures. Various applications are discussed. 1. We review the theory of Axion Electrodynamics and particularly the energy-momentum conservation in a linear dielectric and magnetic material. We treat this last aspect by extending former results by Brevik and Chaichian (2022) and Patkos (2022). 2. Adopting the model of the oscillating axion background we discuss the axion-induced modifications to the Casimir force between two parallel plates by using a Green's function approach. 3. We calculate the radiation pressure acting on an axion domain wall at finite temperature T. Our results for an oscillating axion field and a domain wall are also useful for condensed matter physics, where "axionic topological insulators" interact with the electromagnetic field with a Chern-Simons interaction, like the one in Axion Electrodynamics, and there are experimental systems analogous to time-dependent axion fields and domain walls as the ones showed by Jiang, Q. D., \& Wilczek, F. (2019) and Fukushima et al. (2019). 4. We compare our results, where we assume time-dependent or space-dependent axion configurations, with the discussion of the optical activity of Axion Electrodynamics by Sikivie (2021) and Carrol et al. (1990).
description: To appear in the Annals of Physics
title: Die beiden deutschen Reichsverfassungen; 1849
title: nebst der Denkschrift mit Belehrungen und Erläuterungen vom Herausgeber der Grundrechte in der Georg Wigand'schen Ausgabe
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Verlagsprogramm am Textende: [2] Bl.
Vorschläge zur Wiedervereinigung der Protestanten mit der katholischen Kirche; [1849]
Creators: name: Gfrörer, August Friedrich
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Erscheinungsjahr ermittelt (Kayser: Vollständiges Bücher-Lexicon)
Tuning of CeO$_2$ buffer layers for coated superconductors through doping
Creators: name: Vanpoucke, Danny E. P.
name: Cottenier, Stefaan
name: Van Speybroeck, Veronique
name: Bultinck, Patrick
name: Van Driessche, Isabel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The appearance of microcracks in CeO$_2$ buffer layers, as used in buffer layer architectures for coated superconductors, indicates the presence of stress between this buffer layer and the substrate. This stress can originate from the differences in thermal expansion or differences in lattice parameters between the CeO$_2$ buffer layer and the substrate. In this article, we study, by means of \textit{ab initio} density functional theory calculations, the influence of group IV doping elements on the lattice parameter and bulk modulus of CeO$_2$. Vegard's law behavior is found for the lattice parameter in systems without oxygen vacancies, and the Shannon crystal radii for the doping elements are retrieved from the lattice expansions. We show that the lattice parameter of the doped CeO$_2$ can be matched to that of the La$_2$Zr$_2$O$_7$ coated NiW substrate substrate for dopant concentrations of about $5\%$, and that bulk modulus matching is either not possible or would require extreme doping concentrations.
description: 5 pages, 1 table, 2 figures, EMRS 2011 Fall meeting symposium on Stress, structure and stoichiometry effects on nanomaterials
Multi-dimensional radiative transfer to analyze Hanle effect in Ca {\sc ii} K line at 3933 Å\,
Creators: name: Anusha, L. S.
name: Nagendra, K. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radiative transfer (RT) studies of the linearly polarized spectrum of the Sun (the second solar spectrum) have generally focused on the line formation, with an aim to understand the vertical structure of the solar atmosphere using one-dimensional (1D) model atmospheres. Modeling spatial structuring in the observations of the linearly polarized line profiles requires the solution of multi-dimensional (multi-D) polarized RT equation and a model solar atmosphere obtained by magneto-hydrodynamical (MHD) simulations of the solar atmosphere. Our aim in this paper is to analyze the chromospheric resonance line Ca {\sc ii} K at 3933 Å using multi-D polarized RT with Hanle effect and partial frequency redistribution in line scattering. We use an atmosphere which is constructed by a two-dimensional snapshot of the three-dimensional MHD simulations of the solar photosphere, combined with columns of an 1D atmosphere in the chromosphere. This paper represents the first application of polarized multi-D RT to explore the chromospheric lines using multi-D MHD atmospheres, with PRD as the line scattering mechanism. We find that the horizontal inhomogeneities caused by MHD in the lower layers of the atmosphere are responsible for strong spatial inhomogeneities in the wings of the linear polarization profiles, while the use of horizontally homogeneous chromosphere (FALC) produces spatially homogeneous linear polarization in the line core.
Spin-Orbit Coupling of Europa's Ice Shell and Interior
Creators: name: Burnett, Ethan
name: Hayne, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Europa is an icy ocean world, differentiated into a floating ice shell and solid interior, separated by a global ocean. The classical spin-orbit coupling problem considers a satellite as a single rigid body, but in the case of Europa, the existence of the subsurface ocean enables independent motion of the ice shell and solid interior. This paper explores the spin-orbit coupling problem for Europa from a dynamical perspective, yielding illuminating analytical and numerical results. We determine that the spin behavior of Europa is influenced by processes not captured by the classical single rigid body spin-orbit coupling analysis. The tidal locking process for Europa is governed by the strength of gravity-gradient coupling between the ice shell and solid interior, with qualitatively different behavior depending on the scale of this effect. In this coupled rigid model, the shell can potentially undergo large angular displacements from the solid interior, and the coupling plays an outsize role in the dynamical evolution of the moon, even without incorporating the dissipative effects of shell non-rigidity. We additionally discuss the effects of a realistic viscoelastic shell, and catalogue other torques that we expect to be sub-dominant in Europa's spin dynamics, or whose importance is unknown. Finally, we explore how the choice of tidal model affects the resulting equilibrium spin state.
description: Revision 2 - fixing typos, editing figures, and adding references and acknowledgements. 38 pages total with 21 figures
Elementary models of 3D topological insulators with chiral symmetry
Creators: name: Liu, Donghao
name: Matveeva, Polina
name: Gutman, Dmitri
name: Carr, Sam T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a set of lattice models of non-interacting topological insulators with chiral symmetry in three dimensions. We build a model of the topological insulators in the class AIII by coupling lower dimensional models of $\mathbb{Z}$ classes. By coupling the two AIII models related by time-reversal symmetry we construct other chiral symmetric topological insulators that may also possess additional symmetries (the time-reversal and/or particle-hole). There are two different chiral symmetry operators for the coupled model, that correspond to two distinct ways of defining the sublattices. The integer topological invariant (the winding number) in case of weak coupling can be either the sum or difference of indices of the basic building blocks, dependent on the preserved chiral symmetry operator. The value of the topological index in case of weak coupling is determined by the chiral symmetry only and does not depend on the presence of other symmetries. For $\mathbb{Z}$ topological classes AIII, DIII, and CI with chiral symmetry are topologically equivalent, it implies that a smooth transition between the classes can be achieved if it connects the topological sectors with the same winding number. We demonstrate this explicitly by proving that the gapless surface states remain robust in $\mathbb{Z}$ classes as long as the chiral symmetry is preserved, and the coupling does not close the gap in the bulk. By studying the surface states in $\mathbb{Z}_2$ topological classes, we show that class CII and AII are distinct, and can not be adiabatically connected.
title: Entwurf des deutschen Reichsgrundgesetzes; [1848]
title: der Hohen deutschen Bundesversammlung als Gutachten der siebenzehn Männer des öffentlichen Vertrauens überreicht am 26. April 1848
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: In Fraktur
The promotion of amaranth value chains for livelihood enhancement in East Africa: A systems modelling approach
Creators: name: Dizyee, Kanar
name: Baker, Derek
name: Herrero, Mario
name: Burrow, Heather
name: McMillan, Larelle
name: Sila, Daniel Ndaka
name: Rich, Karl M.
name: Dizyee, Kanar
name: Baker, Derek
name: Herrero, Mario
name: Burrow, Heather
name: McMillan, Larelle
name: Sila, Daniel Ndaka
name: Rich, Karl M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: amaranth
subject: East Africa
subject: Tanzania
subject: value chains
subject: system dynamics

description: This paper conducts ex-ante impact assessments for policy interventions to promote amaranth value chains in Tanzania and Kenya. Amaranth is an underdeveloped, drought-resistant, and nutrition-rich crop used for human food, animal fodder, and ornamental purposes. Promoting amaranth value chains is a difficult task, given that amaranth is not a well-established commodity and has limited market outlets in the developing world at present. This paper provides a framework within which conduct scenario analysis of ways to promote amaranth value chains using system dynamics (SD). We constructed an integrated amaranth production and market model to evaluate the impact of producer adoption of improved production technologies (improved seed varieties), and changes in demand for amaranth products, on producer profits and planting behaviour. The results of our model show that the profitably upgrading and commercialising of amaranth value chains require multifaceted and chain-level interventions that improve supply- and demand-side conditions. Interventions that target only the supply side serve to increase amaranth production, but generate minor economic gain for producers.
ALMA imaging of the CO snowline of the HD 163296 disk with DCO+
Creators: name: Mathews, G. S.
name: Klaassen, P. D.
name: Juhasz, A.
name: Harsono, D.
name: Chapillon, E.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
name: Espada, D.
name: de Gregorio-Monsalvo, I.
name: Hales, A.
name: Hogerheijde, M. R.
name: Mottram, J. C.
name: Rawlings, M. G.
name: Takahashi, S.
name: Testi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high spatial and line sensitivity of ALMA opens the possibility of resolving emission from molecules in circumstellar disks. With an understanding of physical conditions under which molecules have high abundance, they can be used as direct tracers of distinct physical regions. In particular, DCO+ is expected to have an enhanced abundance within a few Kelvin of the CO freezeout temperature of 19 K, making it a useful probe of the cold disk midplane. We compare ALMA line observations of HD 163296 to a grid of models. We vary the upper- and lower-limit temperatures of the region in which DCO+ is present as well as the abundance of DCO+ in order to fit channel maps of the DCO+ J=5-4 line. To determine the abundance enhancement compared to the general interstellar medium, we carry out similar fitting to HCO+ J=4-3 and H13CO+ J=4-3 observations. ALMA images show centrally peaked extended emission from HCO+ and H13CO+. DCO+ emission lies in a resolved ring from ~110 to 160 AU. The outer radius approximately corresponds to the size of the CO snowline as measured by previous lower resolution observations of CO lines in this disk. The ALMA DCO+ data now resolve and image the CO snowline directly. In the best fitting models, HCO+ exists in a region extending from the 19 K isotherm to the photodissociation layer with an abundance of 3x10^-10 relative to H2. DCO+ exists within the 19-21 K region of the disk with an abundance ratio [DCO+] / [HCO+] = 0.3. This represents a factor of 10^4 enhancement of the DCO+ abundance within this narrow region of the HD 163296 disk. Such a high enhancement has only previously been seen in prestellar cores. The inferred abundances provide a lower limit to the ionization fraction in the midplane of the cold outer disk (approximately greater than 4x10^-10), and suggest the utility of DCO+ as a tracer of its parent molecule H2D+. Abridged
description: 10 pages, accepted to A&A
Signal communication and modular theory
Creators: name: Longo, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 94A05, 46L60, 35Q94, 81T05, 81P45

description: We propose a conceptual frame to interpret the prolate differential operator, which appears in Communication Theory, as an entropy operator; indeed, we write its expectation values as a sum of terms, each subject to an entropy reading by an embedding suggested by Quantum Field Theory. This adds meaning to the classical work by Slepian et al. on the problem of simultaneously concentrating a function and its Fourier transform, in particular to the ``lucky accident" that the truncated Fourier transform commutes with the prolate operator. The key is the notion of entropy of a vector of a complex Hilbert space with respect to a real linear subspace, recently introduced by the author by means of the Tomita-Takesaki modular theory of von Neumann algebras. We consider a generalization of the prolate operator to the higher dimensional case and show that it admits a natural extension commuting with the truncated Fourier transform; this partly generalizes the one-dimensional result by Connes to the effect that there exists a natural selfadjoint extension to the full line commuting with the truncated Fourier transform.
description: 22 pages
Extending Hirshfeld-I to bulk and periodic materials
Creators: name: Vanpoucke, D. E. P.
name: Bultinck, P.
name: Van Driessche, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, a method is described to extend the iterative Hirshfeld-I method, generally used for molecules, to periodic systems. The implementation makes use of precalculated pseudo-potential based charge density distributions, and it is shown that high quality results are obtained for both molecules and solids, such as ceria, diamond, and graphite. The use of such grids makes the implementation independent of the solid state or quantum chemical code used for studying the system. The extension described here allows for easy calculation of atomic charges and charge transfer in periodic and bulk systems.
description: 11 pages, 4 Tables, 5 Figures, pre-referee draft only, much extended post referee version only available at publisher
Strong magnetic fields and large rotation measures in protogalaxies by supernova seeding
Creators: name: Beck, Alexander M.
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Lesch, Harald
name: Kronberg, Philipp P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a model for the seeding and evolution of magnetic fields in protogalaxies. Supernova (SN) explosions during the assembly of a protogalaxy provide magnetic seed fields, which are subsequently amplified by compression, shear flows and random motions. We implement the model into the MHD version of the cosmological N-body / SPH simulation code GADGET and we couple the magnetic seeding directly to the underlying multi-phase description of star formation. We perform simulations of Milky Way-like galactic halo formation using a standard LCDM cosmology and analyse the strength and distribution of the subsequent evolving magnetic field. A dipole-shape divergence-free magnetic field is injected at a rate of 10^{-9}G / Gyr within starforming regions, given typical dimensions and magnetic field strengths in canonical SN remnants. Subsequently, the magnetic field strength increases exponentially on timescales of a few ten million years. At redshift z=0, the entire galactic halo is magnetized and the field amplitude is of the order of a few $μ$G in the center of the halo, and 10^{-9} G at the virial radius. Additionally, we analyse the intrinsic rotation measure (RM) of the forming galactic halo over redshift. The mean halo intrinsic RM peaks between redshifts z=4 and z=2 and reaches absolute values around 1000 rad m^{-2}. While the halo virializes towards redshift z=0, the intrinsic RM values decline to a mean value below 10 rad m^{-2}. At high redshifts, the distribution of individual starforming, and thus magnetized regions is widespread. In our model for the evolution of galactic magnetic fields, the seed magnetic field amplitude and distribution is no longer a free parameter, but determined self-consistently by the star formation process occuring during the formation of cosmic structures.
description: 13 pages, 14 figures, accepted to MNRAS after moderate revision
Preserving Lagrangian structure in nonlinear model reduction with application to structural dynamics
Creators: name: Carlberg, Kevin
name: Tuminaro, Ray
name: Boggs, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This work proposes a model-reduction methodology that preserves Lagrangian structure (equivalently Hamiltonian structure) and achieves computational efficiency in the presence of high-order nonlinearities and arbitrary parameter dependence. As such, the resulting reduced-order model retains key properties such as energy conservation and symplectic time-evolution maps. We focus on parameterized simple mechanical systems subjected to Rayleigh damping and external forces, and consider an application to nonlinear structural dynamics. To preserve structure, the method first approximates the system's `Lagrangian ingredients'---the Riemannian metric, the potential-energy function, the dissipation function, and the external force---and subsequently derives reduced-order equations of motion by applying the (forced) Euler--Lagrange equation with these quantities. From the algebraic perspective, key contributions include two efficient techniques for approximating parameterized reduced matrices while preserving symmetry and positive definiteness: matrix gappy POD and reduced-basis sparsification (RBS). Results for a parameterized truss-structure problem demonstrate the importance of preserving Lagrangian structure and illustrate the proposed method's merits: it reduces computation time while maintaining high accuracy and stability, in contrast to existing nonlinear model-reduction techniques that do not preserve structure.
description: Submitted to SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing (SISC)
Electronic transmission through AB-BA domain boundary in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Koshino, Mikito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electron transmission through the domain boundary on bilayer graphene separating AB and BA stacking regions. Using the effective continuum model, we calculate the electron transmission probability as a function of the electron energy and the incident angle, for several specific boundary structures. The transmission strongly depends on the crystallographic direction of the boundary and also on the atomic configuration inside. At the low energy, the boundary is either insulating or highly transparent depending on the structure. In insulating cases, the transmission sharply rises when the Fermi energy is increased to a certain level, suggesting that the electric current through the boundary can be controlled by the field effect. The boundary parallel to the zigzag direction generally have different transmission properties between the two different valleys, and this enables to generate the valley polarized current in a certain configuration. We show that those characteristic features can be qualitatively explained by the transverse momentum conservation in the position-dependent band structure in the intermediate region.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Bayesian parameter estimation on boson-star binary signals with a coherent inspiral template and spin-dependent quadrupolar corrections
Creators: name: Vaglio, Massimo
name: Pacilio, Costantino
name: Maselli, Andrea
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact boson star binaries are hypothetical sources for ground-based and space gravitational-wave detectors. Their signal would be a messenger for novel fundamental fields and could shed light on the dark matter. In this work, we further develop our analysis in Phys. Rev. D 102, 083002 (2020), aimed at constraining the properties of these objects with future observations. We use a coherent waveform template for the inspiral stage of boson star binaries with large quartic self interactions, including tidal deformability and the nonlinear dependence of the quadrupole moments on the spin in terms of the fundamental couplings of the scalar field theory. Performing a Bayesian analysis, we investigate the ability of a third-generation gravitational-wave detector such as the Einstein Telescope to distinguish these exotic sources from black holes and infer constraints on the fundamental couplings of the model.
Imagined social capital in the transition from school to university in Chile: narratives of first generation university students
Creators: name: Garcia, A
name: Wood, Bronwyn
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 130399 Specialist Studies in Education not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 130299 Curriculum and Pedagogy not elsewhere classified

description: Purpose: The purpose of this article is to analyse first-generation Chilean students' transition experiences from secondary school to university. Design/methodology/approach: This article presents the analysis results of 12 visual narratives of first-generation Chilean university students, who provided an account of their transition experience from secondary school to university. Participants explored the connections between their most valuable learning experiences during photo-elicitation interviews. The study used Quinn's notion of imagined social capital to understand the transition experience. Findings: The analysis reveals the significance of secondary school experiences in understanding students' attitudes toward the university. In an extremely segregated school system, participants' secondary school experiences demonstrated a strong bond with classmates from their social class and a feeling of distance from institutions and their hierarchical structure. In this context, the university space is symbolically recreated into a learning space consistent with their social background. Social implications: The research study highlights the need to increase understandings of school experiences and how these shape university transitions in order to effectively support students during the first years of university. In addition, it draws attention to the need to develop strategies that recognize the complex, collective and contextualized understandings of students' transition. Originality/value: The research aimed to understand the experience of transition of first generation students from their own narratives and relational perspectives in contrast with the prevailing paradigms which are often individualized and linear.
title: Die deutsche Verfassungsfrage und die deutschen Einzelstaaten; 1848
title: ein Wort an die National-Versammlung, die Fürsten und die Landstände deutscher Nation
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: In Fraktur
A Supersolid Skin Covering both Water and Ice
Creators: name: Sun, Chang Q
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mysterious nature and functionality of water and ice skins remain baffling to the community since 1859 when Farady firstly proposed liquid skin lubricating ice. Here we show the presence of supersolid phase that covers both water and ice using Raman spectroscopy measurements and quantum calculations. In the skin of two molecular layers thick, molecular undercoordination shortens the H-O bond by ~16% and lengthens the OH nonbond by ~25% through repulsion between electron pairs on adjacent O atoms, which depresses the density from 0.92 for bulk ice to 0.75 gcm-3. The O:H-O cooperative relaxation stiffens the H-O stretching phonon from 3200/3150 cm-1 to the same value of 3450 cm-1 and raises the melting temperature of both skins by up to ~310 K. Numerical derivatives on the viscosity and charge accumulation suggests that the elastic, polarized, and thermally stable supersolid phase makes the ice frictionless and water skin hydrophobic and ice like at room temperature.
Ambitwistor string amplitudes in light-like linear dilaton background
Creators: name: Kato, Mayu
name: Nakayama, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the ambitwistor string theory, we study graviton scattering amplitudes in a light-like linear dilaton background of ten-dimensional supergravity. At the tree level, we find that the three-graviton amplitude coincides with the type II superstring theory, and the four or more graviton amplitudes differ from the superstring theory but satisfy the scattering equations. Due to a modified momentum conservation law different at each order in genus expansion, a non-zero amplitude is determined solely from the particular order in perturbation theory without further corrections.
description: 10 pages, v2: some clarification added
Reply to 'Comment on "Extending Hirshfeld-I to bulk and periodic materials" '
Creators: name: Vanpoucke, D. E. P.
name: Van Driessche, I.
name: Bultinck, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The issues raised in the comment by T.A. Manz are addressed through the presentation of calculated atomic charges for NaF, NaCl, MgO, SrTiO$_3$ and La$_2$Ce$_2$O$_7$, using our previously presented method for calculating Hirshfeld-I charges in Solids [J. Comput. Chem.. doi: 10.1002/jcc.23088]. It is shown that the use of pseudo-valence charges is sufficient to retrieve the full all-electron Hirshfeld-I charges to good accuracy. Furthermore, we present timing results of different systems, containing up to over $200$ atoms, underlining the relatively low cost for large systems. A number of theoretical issues is formulated, pointing out mainly that care must be taken when deriving new atoms in molecules methods based on "expectations" for atomic charges.
description: 7 pages, 2 Tables, 2 figures
Signalling at CB₂ receptor and naturally occurring CB₂ SNPs variants
Creators: name: Foyzun, Tahira
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: CB₂, one of the key components of the endocannabinoid system is emerging as a potential drug target for the treatment of various pathological conditions, especially pain and inflammation. However, there is little available quantitative data about the relative efficacy of CB₂ selective ligands. Moreover, several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CB₂ appear in the human populations may influence drug efficacy or alter the signalling of CB₂. Thus, this study aimed to find out a suitable CB₂ irreversible antagonist that could be used to determine ligand efficacy precisely and investigate the ligand responses in six CB₂ variants. CB₁, CB₂ and six CB₂ variants (63Q, 63R, 63Q/L133I, 63R/ L133I, 63Q/H316Y, 63R/H316Y) were stably transfected in mouse pituitary AtT20 FlpIn cells. CB₁ and CB₂ cell lines were used to determine the pharmacological property of three compounds AM1336, AM1335, and AM10257 while the CB₂ variants were used to investigate the ligand responses. FLIPR membrane potential dye was used to measure the ligand induced changes in hyperpolarization in cells in the response to GIRK channel activation. Receptor depletion assay was performed in cells expressing 63Q and 63R variants and the ligand efficacy was calculated by fitting the data in the operational model of agonism using non‐linear regression. All the three-compounds tested were CB₁ agonists but CB₂ irreversible antagonists. AM1336 appeared to be a low efficacy CB₁ agonist and its effect was completely reversed by a CB₁ specific antagonist SR141716. While AM1336 was cannabinoid receptor-specific, 10 μM AM1335 and AM10257 decreased the maximum response of somatostatin by 33 ± 1% and 38 ± 2% respectively in wild type AtT20 cells. AM1336 was proved as an effective tool for efficacy analysis of CB₂ selective ligands as it depleted more than 80% of receptors in cell lines expressing 63Q and 63R variants. No significant differences in ligand responses were observed among the CB₂ SNPs variants. In conclusion, AM1336 could be useful to determine ligand efficacy quantitatively at CB₂ -SNPs in future.
Remarks on Finsler Geometry and Lorentz Violation
Creators: name: Russell, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The physics of classical particles in a Lorentz-breaking spacetime has numerous features resembling the properties of Finsler geometry. In particular, the Lagrange function plays a role similar to that of a Finsler structure function. A summary is presented of recent results, including new calculable Finsler structures based on Lagrange functions appearing in the Lorentz-violation framework known as the Standard-Model Extension.
description: Presented at the Sixth Meeting on CPT and Lorentz Symmetry, Bloomington, Indiana, June 17-21, 2013
Compressed Baryonic Matter: from Nuclei to Pulsars
Creators: name: Xu, Renxin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our world is wonderful because of the negligible baryonic part although unknown dark matter and dark energy dominate the Universe. Those nuclei in the daily life are forbidden to fuse by compression due to the Coulomb repulse, nevertheless, it is usually unexpected in extraterrestrial extreme-environments: the gravity in a core of massive evolved star is so strong that all the other forces (including the Coulomb one) could be neglected. Compressed baryonic matter is then produced after supernova, manifesting itself as pulsar-like stars observed. The study of this compressed baryonic matter can not only be meaningful in fundamental physics (e.g., the elementary color interaction at low-energy scale, testing gravity theories, detecting nano-Hertz background gravitational waves), but has also profound implications in engineering applications (including time standard and navigation), and additionally, is focused by Chinese advanced telescopes, either terrestrial or in space. Historically, in 1930s, L. Landau speculated that dense matter at supra-nuclear density in stellar cores could be considered as gigantic nuclei (the prototype of standard model of neutron star), however, we address that the residual compact object of supernova could be of condensed matter of quark clusters. The idea that pulsars are quark-cluster stars was not ruled out during the last decade, and we are expecting to test further by future powerful facilities. (in Chinese)
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, for the 100-year anniversary of physics at Peking University (in Chinese)
The total neutron production from the alpha induced reaction on natural Zirconium
Creators: name: T, Vafiya Thaslim T
name: Musthafa, M M
name: C, Midhun
name: Ghugre, S.
name: H, Gokul Das
name: B, Swapna
name: T, Najmunnisa
name: Shana, F S
name: T, Rijin N
name: Dasgupta, S
name: Datta, J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A significant amount of alpha particles, upto $\sim$ 35 MeV are produced in the reactor environment. Alpha induced reaction on natural Zirconium, a reactor component, upto 40 MeV has been measured using stacked foil activation technique. The total neutron production cross section from all possible channels for $α$ energies upto 35 MeV is also estimated using TALYS 1.96. The isomeric cross section ratio for the production of the radionuclide $^{95}Nb$ has been measured and reported for the first time.
Searching for galaxy-scale strong-lenses in galaxy clusters with deep networks -- I: methodology and network performance
Creators: name: Angora, G.
name: Rosati, P.
name: Meneghetti, M.
name: Brescia, M.
name: Mercurio, A.
name: Grillo, C.
name: Bergamini, P.
name: Acebron, A.
name: Caminha, G.
name: Nonino, M.
name: Tortorelli, L.
name: Bazzanini, L.
name: Vanzella, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy-scale strong lenses in galaxy clusters provide a unique tool to investigate their inner mass distribution and the sub-halo density profiles in the low-mass regime, which can be compared with the predictions from cosmological simulations. We search for galaxy-galaxy strong-lensing systems in HST multi-band imaging of galaxy cluster cores from the CLASH and HFF programs by exploring the classification capabilities of deep learning techniques. Convolutional neural networks are trained utilising highly-realistic simulations of galaxy-scale strong lenses injected into the HST cluster fields around cluster members. To this aim, we take advantage of extensive spectroscopic information on member galaxies in 16 clusters and the accurate knowledge of the deflection fields in half of these from high-precision strong lensing models. Using observationally-based distributions, we sample magnitudes, redshifts and sizes of the background galaxy population. By placing these sources within the secondary caustics associated with cluster galaxies, we build a sample of ~3000 galaxy-galaxy strong lenses which preserve the full complexity of real multi-colour data and produce a wide diversity of strong lensing configurations. We study two deep learning networks processing a large sample of image cutouts in three HST/ACS bands, and we quantify their classification performance using several standard metrics. We find that both networks achieve a very good trade-off between purity and completeness (85%-95%), as well as good stability with fluctuations within 2%-4%. We characterise the limited number of false negatives and false positives in terms of the physical properties of the background sources and cluster members. We also demonstrate the neural networks' high degree of generalisation by applying our method to HST observations of 12 clusters with previously known galaxy-scale lensing systems.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, to be published on A&A
The cosmic-ray positron excess from a local Dark Matter over-density
Creators: name: Hektor, A.
name: Raidal, M.
name: Strumia, A.
name: Tempel, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the cosmic-ray positron excess measured by PAMELA and AMS could be induced by Dark Matter annihilations in a local over-density. In such a context leptophilic DM is not needed and good fits to positron data, in agreement with antiproton and gamma-ray measurements, are obtained for DM annihilations to $WW$, $hh$, $ZZ$, $ t \bar t$, $b \bar b$, $q\bar q$ channels. The classic Dark Matter candidates, such as the pure supersymmetric Wino with standard thermal annihilation cross-section, can fit the positron excess, without invoking any additional assumption on Dark Matter properties.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
DATA DRIVEN ALGORITHMS AND DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING FOR AUTOMATIC MIP DECOMPOSITIONS
Creators: name: BASSO, SAVERIO
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2021

description: Motivated by its implications in the development of general purpose solvers, we address a fundamental research question, that is how to exploit Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition methods for generic Mixed Integer Programs (MIP). In the first part of the thesis, we research how to obtain such decompositions in an automatic fashion. We investigate, with machine learning tools, the link between static properties and good decomposition patterns, highlighting interesting structures. Then, we propose a fully data driven detector, capable of producing good decompositions, and a data driven local search algorithm to reformulate and enhance them. We develop a computational effective framework and test it on unseen MIPs, obtaining better results than state-of-the-art detectors. In the second part of the thesis, we design a concurrent computing framework, which is able to exploit massive parallelism when decompositions allow so. We develop asynchronous and distributed column generation algorithms. Our approach turns out to be, on average, one order of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art solvers.
Cross-helicity effect on $α$-type dynamo in non-equilibrium turbulence
Creators: name: Mizerski, Krzysztof A.
name: Yokoi, Nobumitsu
name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Turbulence is typically not in equilibrium, i.e. mean quantities such as the mean energy and helicity are typically time-dependent. The effect of non-stationarity on the turbulent hydromagnetic dynamo process is studied here with the use of the two-scale direct-interaction approximation (TSDIA), which allows to explicitly relate the mean turbulent Reynolds and Maxwell stresses and the mean electromotive force (EMF) to the spectral characteristics of turbulence, such as e.g. the mean energy, as well as kinetic and cross-helicity. It is demonstrated, that the non-equilibrium effects can enhance the dynamo process when the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is both helical and cross-helical. This effect is based on the turbulent infinitesimal-impulse cross-response functions, which do not affect turbulent flows in equilibrium. The evolution and sources of the cross-helicity in MHD turbulence is also discussed.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures