cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Quantitative analysis of transcriptome dynamics provides novel insights into developmental state transitions
Creators: name: Johnson, Kristin
name: Freedman, Simon
name: Braun, Rosemary
name: LaBonne, Carole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Xenopus blastula explants can be reprogrammed to adopt any lineage. (A-E) RNA Seq TPM expression over time of (A) average of all monotonically decreasing genes with a >25fold decrease between stage 9 and 13 and maximum TPM of 20 at stage 13, (B) epidermal marker Dlx3, (C) neural marker Otx2, (D) mesoderm marker Evx1 (E) endoderm marker Endodermin. Graphs are sums of S+L allele. Width of lines represents SEM of three biological replicates.
Protectionist Fallacies
Creators: name: Bhagwati, Jagdish N.
name: Krishna, Pravin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Commerce
subject: Protectionism
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Economics

description: There are many fallacies that are shared by the Democrats and the Republicans, and repeated endlessly by even leading journalists in the United States (Journalism schools in the US, it seems, teach you how to write but not what to write: their ignorance of the economics of what they write about is generally abysmal. By contrast, the English economic journalists such as Martin Wolf of Financial Times and Clive Crook formerly Dy Editor of The Economist, and top German journalists in Die Welt and Die Zeit, for example, are superbly trained, not just in their craft but also in the discipline of Economics)
Attack--Defense Trees and Two-Player Binary Zero-Sum Extensive Form Games Are Equivalent - Technical Report with Proofs
Creators: name: Kordy, Barbara
name: Mauw, Sjouke
name: Melissen, Matthijs
name: Schweitzer, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Attack--defense trees are used to describe security weaknesses of a system and possible countermeasures. In this paper, the connection between attack--defense trees and game theory is made explicit. We show that attack--defense trees and binary zero-sum two-player extensive form games have equivalent expressive power when considering satisfiability, in the sense that they can be converted into each other while preserving their outcome and their internal structure.
description: Added link to springerlink; Proceedings of GameSec 2010
Homelessness Research: A Guide for Economists (and Friends)
Creators: name: O'Flaherty, Brendan Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Homelessness
Housing subsidies
Economics

description: This paper surveys research on homelessness.  The emphases are on the last decade, rather than earlier; and the United States, rather than the rest of the world.  The approach is more idiosyncratic than encyclopedic.  The field has been converging on the conclusion that housing subsidies are the most attractive policy for reducing homelessness, but the optimal arrangement of subsidies is not obvious.  Economists have much to contribute, in both theory—mechanism design and general equilibrium—and empirics.  Aggregate-level studies can be used more for finding out what the effects of different policies are, and individual-level studies can be used more for assessing the costs and benefits of those effects.
Narrow resonances at the early LHC
Creators: name: Torre, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the possibility to observe new resonances at the early LHC using a phenomenological approach. We show predictions for the production of a scalar in the gg-channel and an heavy quark in the qg-channel and we compare them with the recent results of the ATLAS and CMS experiments in the di-jet channel, setting upper limits on the relevant couplings. We finally discuss the importance of the final states containing at least one photon making sensitivity predictions for the corresponding couplings.
description: Talk given at the workshop "10th Hellenic School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity", Corfu, Greece, 29 Aug. - 19 Sept. 2010; v2: references corrected
Additional file 2 of Quantitative analysis of transcriptome dynamics provides novel insights into developmental state transitions
Creators: name: Johnson, Kristin
name: Freedman, Simon
name: Braun, Rosemary
name: LaBonne, Carole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplemental Figure 2. Transcription Factor UpSet Plots and Zygotic PCA. (A-E) UpSet plots of transcription factors expressed at a minimum of 10 TPM at (A) stage 10, (B) stage 10.5, (C) stage 11, (D) stage 12, (E) stage 13. X-axes show genes unique to each lineage and overlapping in all different combinations of lineages ordered from largest number of genes to smallest. (F) PCA on only zygotically expressed genes
Impacts of classifying New York City students as overweight
Creators: name: Almond, Douglas V.
name: Lee, Ajin
name: Schwartz, Amy Ellen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Medical economics
Body mass index
Overweight children
Schools

description: US schools increasingly report body mass index (BMI) to students and their parents in annual fitness “report cards.” We obtained 3,592,026 BMI reports for New York City public school students for 2007–2012. We focus on female students whose BMI puts them close to their age-specific cutoff for categorization as overweight. Overweight students are notified that their BMI “falls outside a healthy weight” and they should review their BMI with a health care provider. Using a regression discontinuity design, we compare those classified as overweight but near to the overweight cutoff to those whose BMI narrowly earned them a “healthy” BMI grouping. We find that overweight categorization generates small impacts on girls’ subsequent BMI and weight. Whereas presumably an intent of BMI report cards was to slow BMI growth among heavier students, BMIs and weights did not decline relative to healthy peers when assessed the following academic year. Our results speak to the discrete categorization as overweight for girls with BMIs near the overweight cutoff, not to the overall effect of BMI reporting in New York City.
Effect of a Carbon Nanotube Composite in the Development and Architecture of Marine Cyanobacterial Biofilms
Creators: name: Romeu, Maria João
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Optical Coherence Tomography; antifouling surfaces; carbon nanotubes; cyanobacterial biofilms; marine biofouling

description: Marine biofouling, which consists of accumulation of biological matter on submerged surfaces, causes severe economic, environmental, and ecological impacts. The development of novel, non-toxic antifouling coatings is of great significance for marine applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have demonstrated antimicrobial and anti-adhesive properties, although their mechanism of action is still not clear. While the attachment by macrofoulers is responsible for the main consequences of marine biofouling, the prevention of biofilm development by microfoulers, such as cyanobacteria, reduces the progression of biofouling to the next stages. Therefore, a deeper knowledge of biofilm behavior may enable the development of efficient methodologies to control biofouling. However, few studies focus on longer assays for assessing the effects of CNTs on marine biofilm formation. This work analysed the potential of CNT-modified surfaces to delay long-term cyanobacterial biofilm development in conditions that mimic the hydrodynamics of marine environments.
CNTs were incorporated into a commercially available polymer coating, epoxy resin (3 wt%). Surfaces were analyzed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Biofilm formation by a filamentous cyanobacterial strain occurred over 7 weeks at an average shear rate of 40 s-1, and biofilms were analyzed by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and SEM.
From AFM and SEM analyses, the CNT composite was the roughest surface, presenting CNT agglomerates that form small elevations on the material. Over the 7 weeks, cyanobacterial biofilm growth was more evident on the epoxy resin (control) than on the CNT composite. As in the early stages of biofilm formation, biofilm wet weight, thickness, and biovolume were similar between the surfaces, the results suggest that the CNT composite surface may have a greater antifouling effect on the maturation stage of these cyanobacterial biofilms. Moreover, differences in average roughness seemed to be responsible for the differences registered in the later stages of biofilm development. Consequently, an antimicrobial effect rather than an anti-adhesive effect may explain the impact of CNT-modified surfaces in long-term biofilm layers, since cell-to-cell adhesion, cell reproduction, and production of extracellular polymeric substances may be hampered if cells in the initial layers are damaged.
CNT-modified surfaces delayed cyanobacterial biofilm development. These biofilms showed reduced wet weight, thickness and biovolume, and were smoother and less porous than those formed on the control surface.
Long-Run Impacts of Childhood Access to the Safety Net
Creators: name: Almond, Douglas V.
name: Hoynes, Hilary
name: Whitmore Schanzenbach, Diane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Medical economics
Prenatal influences
Food stamps
Economics

description: We examine the impact of a positive and policy-driven change in economic resources available in utero and during childhood. We focus on the introduction of the Food Stamp Program, which was rolled out across counties between 1961 and 1975. We use the Panel Study of Income Dynamics to assemble unique data linking family background and county of residence in early childhood to adult health and economic outcomes. Our findings indicate access to food stamps in childhood leads to a significant reduction in the incidence of metabolic syndrome and, for women, an increase in economic self-sufficiency.
Corporate Investment and Stock Market Listing
Creators: name: Asker, John W.
name: Farre-Mensa, John
name: Ljungqvist, Alexander
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economic development
Investments
Business enterprises--Finance
Economics

description: We investigate whether short-termism distorts the investment decisions of stock market listed firms. To do so, we compare the investment behavior of observably similar public and private firms using a new data source on private U.S. firms, assuming for identification that closely held private firms are subject to fewer short-termist pressures. Our results show that compared to private firms, public firms invest substantially less and are less responsive to changes in investment opportunities, especially in industries in which stock prices are most sensitive to earnings news. These findings are consistent with the notion that short-termist pressures distort their investment decisions.
Diagnosing Foreclosure due to Exclusive Dealing
Creators: name: Asker, John W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Foreclosure
Marketing channels
Competition
Economics

description: Exclusive dealing arrangements, in which a distributor contracts to work exclusively with a single manufacturer, can be efficiency enhancing or they can be an anticompetitive means to foreclose markets. This paper evaluates the effect of exclusive distribution arrangements on competition in the Chicago beer market in 1994. A diagnostic test is provided to judge whether exclusive arrangements between brewers and their distributors lead to foreclosure. To implement this test I estimate a model of consumer demand and firm behavior that incorporates industry details and allows for distribution through exclusive and shared channels. The test indicates that foreclosure effects are not present in this market, suggesting that the most likely effect of intervention would be to reduce social welfare.
Lithium-Ion Battery Electrolyte Evaporation
Creators: name: Poe, Dylan Michael
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified

description: Energy storage has received much attention due to the increasing use of energy, especially renewable energy. Lithium-ion batteries have great characteristics for electrical energy storage. Higher specific energy density, cycle life, cell voltage, shorter charge times gives lithium-ion batteries favorable energy storage characteristics over other battery chemistries. Although lithium-ion batteries are increasing in use for electrical energy storage, their safety still poses an engineering problem. When lithium-ion batteries are abused, they can enter thermal runaway. This event is dangerous as it can eject hot gases and shrapnel. Previous studies focused on different aspects of thermal runaway, for example, heat generation from chemical reactions, propagation to other cells, and the physics of gas venting. One phenomenon that has not received much attention is the evaporation of the electrolyte out of a failed lithium-ion battery. Understanding the effect of electrolyte evaporation is key to having a more complete understanding of thermal runaway. In this thesis, the physics of electrolyte evaporation is studied with the purpose of developing more accurate thermal abuse models. An evaporation model was developed, based on porous drying theory and a 1-D liquid diffusion process. Experiments were conducted to identify the liquid diffusion coefficient which governs the rate of electrolyte transport within the porous separator within the battery. The 1-D liquid diffusion model was then implemented into an existing thermal abuse model and exercised for a typical oven test scenario. Results showed that the physics-based evaporation model resulted in excellent agreement with experimental data at different oven temperatures.
Additional file 3 of Quantitative analysis of transcriptome dynamics provides novel insights into developmental state transitions
Creators: name: Johnson, Kristin
name: Freedman, Simon
name: Braun, Rosemary
name: LaBonne, Carole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3: Supplemental Figure 3. Temporal DESeq UpSet Plots. (A-J) UpSet plots of Differentially Expressed Genes (A) increased between stages 9 and 10, (B) decreased between stages 9 and 10, (C) increased between stages 10 and 10.5, (D) decreased between stages 10 and 10.5, (E) increased between stages 10.5 and 11, (F) decreased between stages 10.5 and 11, (G) increased between stages 11 and 12, (H) decreased between stages 11 and 12, (I) increased between stages 12 and 13, (J) decreased between stages 12 and 13. X-axes show genes unique to each lineage and overlapping in all different combinations of lineages ordered from largest number of genes to smallest.
P-partitions revisited
Creators: name: Féray, Valentin
name: Reiner, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 06A07, 06A11, 52B20

description: We compare a traditional and non-traditional view on the subject of P-partitions, leading to formulas counting linear extensions of certain posets.
description: 34 pages; we corrected a minor mistake in the definition of the monomial ordering (Section 6); to appear in J. Commutative Algebra
Assortative Matching or Exclusionary Hiring? The Impact of Firm Policies on Racial Wage Differences in Brazil
Creators: name: Gerard, François
name: Lagos, Lorenzo Felipe
name: Severnini, Edson
name: Card, David
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Labor economics
Wage differentials
Discrimination in employment
Economics

description: A growing body of research shows that firms' employment and wage-setting policies contribute to wage inequality and pay disparities between groups. We measure the effects of these policies on racial pay differences in Brazil. We find that nonwhites are less likely to work at establishments that pay more to all race groups, a pattern that explains about 20% of the white-nonwhite wage gap for both genders. The pay premiums offered by different employers are also compressed for nonwhites relative to whites, contributing another 5% of the overall gap. We then ask how much of the under-representation of nonwhites at higher-paying workplaces is due to the selective skill mix at these establishments. Using a counterfactual based on the observed skill distribution at each establishment and the nonwhite shares in different skill groups in the local labor market, we conclude that assortative matching accounts for about two-thirds of the under-representation gap for both men and women. The remainder reflects an unexplained preference for white workers at higher-paying establishments. The wage losses associated with unexplained sorting and differential wage setting are largest for nonwhites with the highest levels of general skills, suggesting that the allocative costs of race-based preferences may be relatively large in Brazil.
Virtual interocclusal registration using intra-oral scanning
Creators: name: Edher, Faraj
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Purpose: The aims of this study were to assess if virtual interocclusal records taken at different locations on the arch have an effect on the alignment of the virtual casts, and to assess whether quadrant scans and full arch scans have an effect on the alignment of the virtual casts when articulated using virtual interocclusal records. Materials and Methods: Three sites of close proximity (SCP) and three sites of clearance were identified in each sextant on mounted zirconia master models. SCP and SC were confirmed using shimstock foil and transillumination of an interocclusal impression. Full arch and quadrant scans of the master models were taken using an intra-oral scanner and different virtual interocclusal record were taken. SCP and SC on each virtual alignment produced by the intra-oral scanner were compared to each other, and to an independent software. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were utilized for the comparison Results: A change in the location of the SCP was found depending on the location of the virtual interocclusal record. The intra-oral scanner software displayed contacts showed higher sensitivity and negative predictive value (92.86% and 84.21% respectively) when compared to the contacts displayed on the independent software (69.05% and 70.45% respectively). However, the intra-oral scanner software had lower specificity and PPV (41.03% and 62.90% respectively) compared to the independent software (79.49% and 78.38% respectively). Quadrant scans showed higher sensitivity when compared to full arch scans. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in occlusal contacts obtained from bite scans of different segments. This difference is more obvious in full arch scans, in which a “tilting effect” towards the site of the bite scan can be observed. Occlusal contacts obtained from bite scans taken for quadrant virtual arches exhibited higher sensitivity when compared to those obtained from bite scans taken for full virtual arches.
Metastable Vacua in Warped Throats at Non-Isolated Singularities
Creators: name: Simic, Dusan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the existence of metastable vacua in cascades based on fractional brane configurations at non-isolated singularities preserving N = 1 supersymmetry. We find that in a large class of models the extra moduli typically generated along such cascades may be stabilized by utilizing special monopole points found recently. We illustrate this in detail for cascades based on the SPP singularity. The supergravity interpretation of these constructions in terms of warped throats with supersymmetry breaking localized near their tips as well as applications to string compactification is discussed. Our constructions are designed to realize a large class of warped throats with supersymmetry breaking localized inside of a highly curved tip region.
description: 18 pages, added clarifications, published version; 1 figure
Unravelling an Extra Neutral Gauge Boson at the LHC using Third Generation Fermions
Creators: name: Diener, Ross
name: Godfrey, Stephen
name: Martin, Travis A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the potential to use measurements of extra neutral gauge bosons (Z') properties in pp collisions at the Large Hadron Collider to unravel the underlying physics. We focus on the usefulness of third generation final states (tau, b, t) in distinguishing between models with non-universal Z'-fermion couplings. We present an update of discovery limits of Z's including the 2010-2011 LHC run and include models with non-universal couplings. We show how ratios of sigma(pp -> Z' -> ttbar), sigma(pp -> Z' -> bbbar), and sigma(pp -> Z' -> tau^+tau^-) to sigma(pp -> Z' -> mu^+mu^-) can be used to distinguish between models and measure parameters of the models. Of specific interest are models with preferential couplings, such as models with generation dependent couplings. We also find that forward-backward asymmetry measurements with third generation fermions in the final state could provide important input to understanding the nature of the Z'. Understanding detector resolution and efficiencies will be crucial for extracting results.
A Property Rights Approach to Temporary Work Visas
Creators: name: Casella, Alessandra M.
name: Cox, Adam B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Visas
Right of property
Foreign workers--Legal status, laws, etc.
Economics

description: Temporary labor visa rules in the United States are criticized on three grounds: for failing to allocate visas efficiently, for failing to adequately protect domestic workers, and for exposing migrant workers to exploitation. We argue that it is possible to address all three problems by re-configuring the property rights associated with the visas and carefully designing the mechanism for allocating those rights. Our core insight is to unbundle the two rights that today are typically combined: the firm’s right to employ a foreign worker, and the worker’s right to reside and work in the country during that time. A three-pronged approach— auctioning abstract pre-contract visas to firms, allowing their trade on a secondary market, and transferring the visa’s ownership to the worker upon signature of the employment contract—has the potential to improve the efficiency of visa allocation, to better shield domestic workers, and to protect foreign workers from exploitation.
Generalized string equations for double Hurwitz numbers
Creators: name: Takasaki, Kanehisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q58, 14N10, 81R12

description: The generating function of double Hurwitz numbers is known to become a tau function of the Toda hierarchy. The associated Lax and Orlov-Schulman operators turn out to satisfy a set of generalized string equations. These generalized string equations resemble those of $c = 1$ string theory except that the Orlov-Schulman operators are contained therein in an exponentiated form. These equations are derived from a set of intertwining relations for fermiom bilinears in a two-dimensional free fermion system. The intertwiner is constructed from a fermionic counterpart of the cut-and-join operator. A classical limit of these generalized string equations is also obtained. The so called Lambert curve emerges in a specialization of its solution. This seems to be another way to derive the spectral curve of the random matrix approach to Hurwitz numbers.
description: latex2e using packages amsmath,amssymb,amsthm, 41 pages, no figure; (v2) sections are fully reorganized, a proof of hbar-expansion of the tau function is added, many typos are corrected
Endogenous Firm Competition and Cyclicality of Markups
Creators: name: Afrouzi Khosroshahi, Hassan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Macroeconomics
Prices
Endogenous growth (Economics)
Competition

description: The cyclicality of markups is crucial to understanding the propagation of shocks and the co- movement of macroeconomic variables. I show that the degree of inertia in the response of output to shocks is a fundamental determining factor for the cyclicality of markups in a broad class of models. In particular, markups follow a forward looking law of motion in which they depend on firms’ conditional expectations over the net present value of all future changes in output. I test this law of motion with data for firms’ expectations and find that, across different types of microfounded models of cyclical markups, the behavior of firms is most consistent with implicit collusion models. Calibrating an implicit collusion model to the U.S. data, I find that markups are procyclical when the model matches the observed inertial response of output to shocks, as commonly found in the data.
Second Order Perturbations During Inflation Beyond Slow-roll
Creators: name: Huston, Ian
name: Malik, Karim A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically calculate the evolution of second order cosmological perturbations for an inflationary scalar field without resorting to the slow-roll approximation or assuming large scales. In contrast to previous approaches we therefore use the full non-slow-roll source term for the second order Klein-Gordon equation which is valid on all scales. The numerical results are consistent with the ones obtained previously where slow-roll is a good approximation. We investigate the effect of localised features in the scalar field potential which break slow-roll for some portion of the evolution. The numerical package solving the second order Klein-Gordon equation has been released under an open source license and is available for download.
description: v2: version published in JCAP, references added; v1: 21 pages, 11 figures, numerical package available at http://pyflation.ianhuston.net
Use of a Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Analyzer for Rapid and Accurate Determination of Iron in Vitamins and Supplements
Creators: name: Casillas, Cassandra
name: Chew, Swee
name: Lam, Alex
name: Castillo, Juan
name: Palmer, Pete
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: SRM
ICP-MS
LOD
ppm
XRF
Regulatory Analysis
Analytical Method

description: This study describes the development of an X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method to quantify iron in vitamins and supplements. Four different products and a NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) were prepared by homogenizing 20 tablets in a mixer mill and diluting known masses of each sample into known masses of cellulose. Calibration standards were similarly prepared by diluting known masses of iron oxide into known masses of cellulose. Analyses were performed using a handheld XRF analyzer using one-minute analysis times. The method gave linear calibration curves with R2 values greater than 0.9995, and good accuracy as demonstrated by relative errors of 9% in the analysis of the NIST SRM. Experimentally determined concentrations of the samples were compared to the nominal concentration of the samples based on the mass of iron per tablet and the average tablet mass. XRF results gave relative differences of +4% and -4% for two iron supplements. XRF results gave a larger relative difference of -19% for the women’s vitamin product. Although the label on the men’s vitamin product stated it was iron-free, XRF and Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (MP-AES) analyses showed it contained iron levels of 157 and 133 µg/g (ppm), respectively. This XRF method offers a simpler, faster, and less expensive alternative to conventional atomic spectrometry-based methods for this type of application.
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue on Regulatory Applications of Portable Tools and Methods to Monitor Toxic Substances in Consumer Products
Experimental Tests of Rational Inattention
Creators: name: Dean, Mark
name: Neligh, Nate Leigh
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Economics--Mathematical models
Decision making
Attention
Economics

description: We use laboratory experiments to test models of 'rational inattention', in which people acquire information to maximize utility from subsequent choices net of information costs. We show that subjects adjust their attention in response to changes in incentives a manner which is broadly in line with the rational inattention model but which violates models such as random utility in which attention is fixed. However, our results are not consistent with information costs based on Shannon entropy, as is often assumed in applied work. We find more support for a class of 'posterior separable' cost functions which generalize the Shannon model.'
Portable Spectroscopy for Food Safety and Adulteration Screening
Creators: name: Moskowitz, Joshua
name: Yakes, Betsy Jean
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: Portable Spectrosocopy
Food Safety
Food Adulteration
Portable Spectroscopy

description: In this review we discuss various applications of portable vibrational spectroscopy in food adulteration analyses and authentication confirmation. These applications generally involve the adulteration of a food product with materials which may be of lesser monetary value and may also be detrimental to human health. Portable spectroscopic testing for food authentication opens potential for rapid and on-site analyses of food products at various stages in the food production chain. These portable techniques also require the development of data analysis methods for each individual application, which will also be discussed in this review. Specific food safety applications for portable spectroscopy to be discussed include adulteration detection and evaluation of authenticity. Adulteration detection examples focus on the commonly adulterated milk powder and spice commodities, as well as the potential for component substitution (e.g., artificial sweeteners). For authentication, examples from marine oil dietary supplements, olive oils, honeys, coffees, and grains are presented along with examples of speciation (e.g. fish) and growth conditions (bell peppers).
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2022): Special Issue on Regulatory Applications of Portable Tools and Methods to Monitor Toxic Substances in Consumer Products
Additional file 4 of Quantitative analysis of transcriptome dynamics provides novel insights into developmental state transitions
Creators: name: Johnson, Kristin
name: Freedman, Simon
name: Braun, Rosemary
name: LaBonne, Carole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Supplemental Figure 4. Epidermal and Neural Lineages Diverge at St 10.5 (A) Number of enriched Neural GO Terms in genes significantly higher in the neural lineage (blue) and epidermal lineage (red) at each developmental stage. (B) Heatmap of the top 20 DE genes by Log2FC with a minimum expression of 10TPM between the epidermal and neural lineages at stage 10.5 (C) KEGG enrichment analysis of genes differentially expressed between epidermal and neural lineage at each developmental stage. Genes significantly increased in the epidermal lineage are enriched for TGF-beta genes, as defined by KEGG database from stages 10.5-13.
(Mis)Allocation, Market Power, and Global Oil Extraction
Creators: name: Asker, John W.
name: Collard-Wexler, Allan
name: De Loecker, Jan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Industrial organization
Petroleum industry and trade
Resource allocation
Economics

description: We propose an approach to measuring the misallocation of production in a market that compares actual industry cost curves to undistorted (counterfactual) supply curves. As compared to traditional, TFPR-based, misallocation measures, this approach leverages cost data, such that results are readily mapped to welfare metrics. As an application, we analyze global crude oil extraction and quantify the extent of misallocation therein, together with the proportion attributable to market power. From 1970 to 2014, we find substantial misallocation, in the order of 744 billion USD, 14.1 percent to 21.9 percent of which is attributable to market power.
Optimal control of quantum superpositions in a bosonic Josephson junction
Creators: name: Lapert, Marc
name: Ferrini, Giulia
name: Sugny, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how to optimally control the creation of quantum superpositions in a bosonic Josephson junction within the two-site Bose-Hubbard model framework. Both geometric and purely numerical optimal control approaches are used, the former providing a generalization of the proposal of Micheli et al [Phys. Rev. A 67, 013607 (2003)]. While this method is shown not to lead to significant improvements in terms of time of formation and fidelity of the superposition, a numerical optimal control approach appears more promising, as it allows to create an almost perfect superposition, within a time short compared to other existing protocols. We analyze the robustness of the optimal solution against atom number variations. Finally, we discuss to which extent these optimal solutions could be implemented with the state of art technology.
description: Several comments added, structure re-organized
Regulatory Compliance and Quality Programs: Constraints and Opportunities for Integration
Creators: name: Freer, Brian
name: Fiene, Richard
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: Quality Management System
Regulatory System Strengthening

description: Management systems for regulatory compliance and quality programs are examined in this paper from the standpoint of their potential integration and in terms of the concept of a process. The paper identifies five common drags on management system optimization and outlines a scoring system that organizations may use to evaluate their management systems for potential adoption of an integrated process-based program.
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Efficiency and Stability in Large Matching Markets
Creators: name: Che, Yeon-Koo
name: Tercieux, Olivier
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Stability
Matching theory
Asymptotic efficiencies (Statistics)
Economics

description: We study efficient and stable mechanisms in matching markets when the number of agents is large and individuals’ preferences and priorities are drawn randomly. When agents’ preferences are uncorrelated, then both efficiency and stability can be achieved in an asymptotic sense via standard mechanisms such as deferred acceptance and top trading cycles. When agents’ preferences are correlated over objects, however, these mechanisms are either inefficient or unstable even in an asymptotic sense. We propose a variant of deferred acceptance that is asymptotically efficient, asymptotically stable and asymptotically incentive compatible. This new mechanism performs well in a counter- factual calibration based on New York City school choice data.
Newtonian gravity as an entropic force: Towards a derivation of G
Creators: name: Klinkhamer, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that the Newtonian gravitational force may emerge as an entropic force from a holographic microscopic theory. In this framework, the possibility is reconsidered that Newton's gravitational coupling constant G can be derived from the fundamental constants of the underlying microscopic theory.
description: 10 pages. v6: published version
Review of AdS/CFT Integrability, Chapter III.4: Twist states and the cusp anomalous dimension
Creators: name: Freyhult, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T13, 81T60, 81T30, 83E30

description: We review the computation of the anomalous dimension of twist operators in the planar limit of N=4 SYM using the asymptotic Bethe ansatz and demonstrate how this quantity is obtained at weak, strong and intermediate values of the coupling constant. The anomalous dimension of twist operators in the limit of large Lorentz spin played a major role in the construction as well as in many tests of the asymptotic Bethe equations, this aspect of the story is emphasised.
description: 19 pages, see also overview article arXiv:1012.3982, v2: references to other chapters updated, v3: typos fixed, references and comments added, v4: typos fixed
Additional file 5 of Quantitative analysis of transcriptome dynamics provides novel insights into developmental state transitions
Creators: name: Johnson, Kristin
name: Freedman, Simon
name: Braun, Rosemary
name: LaBonne, Carole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Supplemental Figure 5. BMP Ventralizes Mesoderm. (A)Western blot analysis of lysates of developing mesoderm (20ng/uL BMP4/7) and endoderm (160ng/uL Activin) explants for pSmad2 and Smad2 with Actin loading control. Gels were cropped to minimize empty space, uncropped gels are Supplemental Figure 9A. (B) PCA of published Activin induced mesoderm data (Satou-Kobayashi et al. 2021) with our ventral mesoderm and endoderm data shows that activin induced mesoderm clusters with our activin induced endoderm rather than BMP4/7 induced mesoderm. (C) Hierarchical clustering of Dorsal/Ventral genes (Ding et al. 2017) shows that endoderm and ventral mesoderm cluster on opposite sides of the heat map, suggesting BMP4/7 effectively ventralizes the mesoderm.
Additional file 6 of Quantitative analysis of transcriptome dynamics provides novel insights into developmental state transitions
Creators: name: Johnson, Kristin
name: Freedman, Simon
name: Braun, Rosemary
name: LaBonne, Carole
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Statistics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 6: Supplemental Figure 6. Mesendoderm Analysis. (A) Number of differentially expressed genes between the endoderm and ventral mesoderm lineages at each developmental stage (padj ≤ 0.05). (B) KEGG enrichment analysis of genes differentially expressed between ventral mesoderm and endoderm lineage at each developmental stage. Genes significantly increased in the endoderm lineage are enriched for TGF-beta genes, as defined by KEGG database from stages 10-10.5 and genes significantly higher in the ventral mesoderm lineage are enriched for TGFbeta genes for stages 11-12. (C) WGCNA on stages 10,10.5 and 11 in the mesoderm and endoderm lineages identifies 22 gene modules, the blue module demonstrating increasing correlation over time to the endoderm lineage and the brown module demonstrating increasing correlation over time to the mesoderm lineage.
Additional file 1 of AUC optimization for deep learning-based voice activity detection
Creators: name: Zhang, Xiao-Lei
name: Xu, Menglong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary materials.
How Protective is the Pesticide Risk Assessment and Registration Process to Humans in the United States?
Creators: name: Avanasi, Raghavendhran
name: Glover, Aubrey
name: Lord, Caleb
name: Macari, Jessica
name: Munday, Michael
name: McKillican, Carol
name: Algarin, Nestor
name: McCaskill, Amy
name: Hampton, Ronald
name: Brain, Richard
name: Leiner, Kevin
Publisher: name: Journal of Regulatory Science
Year: 2023
Subjects: pesticide risk assessment
pesticide registration
compounding health-protectiveness
human health protection
Pesticide regulation
Human health risk assessment

description: The need to feed the growing world population is a daunting challenge and improving crop yield using technology (e.g., synthetic pesticides) is a primary solution being utilized by growers globally. However, there is a general perception that the U.S. population is not well protected from the effects of using pesticides. This leads us to a natural question: how protective to humans is the pesticide risk assessment and registration process in the U.S.? In this commentary, we aim to give an overview of the regulatory history of pesticides in the U.S. and systematically discuss the data-driven, comprehensive, and health-protective methods employed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in accordance with the stringent mandates of the laws passed by U.S. Congress and the regulations enacted by the EPA to protect the U.S. population. By describing the studies required under the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), along with the health-protective models and assumptions employed by the EPA to evaluate the potential for human health risks from pesticides, we aim to highlight the compounding health-protectiveness of the existing regulatory framework. We emphasize the need to maintain a regulated risk-benefit balance in using modern agricultural technology, similar to what is done with other indispensable modern human innovations and technologies.
description: Journal of Regulatory Science, Vol. 11 No. 1 (2023)
Childhood Circumstances and Adult Outcomes Act II
Creators: name: Almond, Douglas V.
name: Currie, Janet M.
name: Duque, Valentina
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medical economics
Early childhood education--Psychological aspects
Prenatal influences
Life change events

description: That prenatal events can have life-long consequences is now well established. Nevertheless, research on the Fetal Origins Hypothesis is flourishing and has expanded to include the early childhood (postnatal) environment. Why does this literature have a “second act?” We summarize the major themes and contributions driving the empirical literature since our 2011 reviews, and try to interpret the literature in light of an overarching conceptual framework about how human capital is produced early in life. One major finding is that relatively mild shocks in early life can have substantial negative impacts, but that the effects are often heterogeneous reflecting differences in child endowments, budget constraints, and production technologies. Moreover, shocks, investments, and interventions can interact in complex ways that are only beginning to be understood. Many advances in our knowledge are due to increasing accessibility of comprehensive administrative data that allow events in early life to be linked to long-term outcomes. Yet, we still know relatively little about the interval between, and thus about whether it would be feasible to identify and intervene with affected individuals at some point between early life and adulthood. We do know enough, however, to be able to identify some interventions that hold promise for improving child outcomes in early life and throughout the life course.
Warm natural inflation
Creators: name: Mishra, Hiranmaya
name: Mohanty, Subhendra
name: Nautiyal, Akhilesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In warm inflation models there is the requirement of generating large dissipative couplings of the inflaton with radiation, while at the same time, not de-stabilising the flatness of the inflaton potential due to radiative corrections. One way to achieve this without fine tuning unrelated couplings is by supersymmetry. In this paper we show that if the inflaton and other light fields are Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Bosons then the radiative corrections to the potential are suppressed and the thermal corrections are small as long as the temperature is below the symmetry breaking scale. In such models it is possible to fulfill the contrary requirements of an inflaton potential which is stable under radiative corrections and the generation of a large dissipative coupling of the inflaton field with other light fields. We construct a warm inflation model which gives the observed CMB-anisotropy amplitude and spectral index where the symmetry breaking is at the GUT scale.
description: Some typos and numerical errors corrected. Version to be published in Physics Letters B