cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Implementation of a real time Hough transform using FPGA technology
Creators: name: Alexiadis, Evangelos
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is concerned with the modelling, design and implementation of efficient architectures for performing the Hough Transform (HT) on mega-pixel resolution real-time images using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) technology. Although the HT has been around for many years and a number of algorithms have been developed it still remains a significant bottleneck in many image processing applications. Even though, the basic idea of the HT is to locate curves in an image that can be parameterized: e.g. straight lines, polynomials or circles, in a suitable parameter space, the research presented in this thesis will focus only on location of straight lines on binary images. The HT algorithm uses an accumulator array (accumulator bins) to detect the existence of a straight line on an image. As the image needs to be binarized, a novel generic synchronization circuit for windowing operations was designed to perform edge detection. An edge detection method of special interest, the canny method, is used and the design and implementation of it in hardware is achieved in this thesis. As each image pixel can be implemented independently, parallel processing can be performed. However, the main disadvantage of the HT is the large storage and computational requirements. This thesis presents new and state-of-the-art hardware implementations for the minimization of the computational cost, using the Hybrid-Logarithmic Number System (Hybrid-LNS) for calculating the HT for fixed bit-width architectures. It is shown that using the Hybrid-LNS the computational cost is minimized, while the precision of the HT algorithm is maintained. Advances in FPGA technology now make it possible to implement functions as the HT in reconfigurable fabrics. Methods for storing large arrays on FPGA’s are presented, where data from a 1024 x 1024 pixel camera at a rate of up to 25 frames per second are processed.
Open Constraints in a Closed World
Creators: name: Willem-Jan Van Hoeve
name: Jean-Charles  Regin
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study domain filtering algorithms for open constraints, i.e., constraints that are not a priori defined on specific sets of variables. We present an efficient filtering algorithm, achieving set-domain consistency, for open global cardinality constraints. We extend this result to conjunctions of them, in case they are defined on disjoint sets of variables. We also analyze the case when the sets of variables may overlap. As establishing set-domain consistency is NP-complete in that case, we propose a weaker, though efficient, filtering algorithm instead. Finally, we extend our results to conjunctions of similar open constraints.
Additional file 1 of RNA binding protein: coordinated expression between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes in tumors
Creators: name: Ma, Jiaoyan
name: Sun, Liankun
name: Gao, Weinan
name: Li, Yang
name: Dong, Delu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. The similarities and differences between cytoplasmic protein translation and mitochondrial protein translation, as well as their translation processes.
title: Georges de Wyss
title: Simples notes
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Vaucher, Pierre
Publisher: name: W. Kündig & Fils
Year: 1894
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Wyss, Georg von
subject: Zürich
subject: Historiker

description: Sonderdruck aus: Revue historique
Adaptive advantage in entanglement-assisted communications
Creators: name: Pauwels, Jef
name: Pironio, Stefano
name: Cruzeiro, Emmanuel Zambrini
name: Tavakoli, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is known to boost the efficiency of classical communication. In distributed computation, for instance, exploiting entanglement can reduce the number of communicated bits or increase the probability to obtain a correct answer. Entanglement-assisted classical communication protocols usually consist of two successive rounds: first a Bell test round, in which the parties measure their local shares of the entangled state, and then a communication round, where they exchange classical messages. Here, we go beyond this standard approach and investigate adaptive uses of entanglement: we allow the receiver to wait for the arrival of the sender's message before measuring his share of the entangled state. We first show that such adaptive protocols improve the success probability in Random Access Codes. Second, we show that once adaptive measurements are used, an entanglement-assisted bit becomes a strictly stronger resource than a qubit in prepare-and-measure scenarios. We briefly discuss extension of these ideas to scenarios involving quantum communication and identify resource inequalities.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Open Market Committee of the Federal Reserve System
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Section 14 of the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 authorizes open market operations in any of the assets acceptable as collateral for rediscounts and permits purchases and sales of gold and government bonds. Legislative hearings prior to adoption of the act note that the purpose of open market operations is to enable the "Federal Reserve banks to make their rate of discount effective in the general market at those times and under those conditions when rediscounts were slack and when there might have been accumulation of funds in the reserve banks without any motive on the part of member banks to apply for rediscounts or perhaps with a strong motive on their part not to do so." (House of Representatives, 1913, pp. 2317-18).
Improved Sputter Depth Resolution in Auger Thin Film Analysis Using In Situ Low Angle Cross-Sections
Creators: name: Scheithauer, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A none conventional approach for depth profiling of thin film systems with enhanced depth resolution has been developed using standard Auger microprobe instruments. For the preparation of an in situ low angle cross-section, the sample is partly covered by an appropriate mask. Utilising the edge of this mask, the sample is sputtered in the Auger microprobe with ions at nearly grazing incidence. In the shadow of the mask, this produces a low angle cross section through the thin film system. Then, a conventional depth profile is measured at the point of interest where part of the thin film system is covered only by a thin top layer. As demonstrated a considerable improvement of depth resolution delta z / z can be obtained by this method.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Model reduction methods for nuclear emulators
Creators: name: Melendez, J. A.
name: Drischler, C.
name: Furnstahl, R. J.
name: Garcia, A. J.
name: Zhang, Xilin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of model order reduction (MOR) is growing in importance due to its ability to extract the key insights from complex simulations while discarding computationally burdensome and superfluous information. We provide an overview of MOR methods for the creation of fast & accurate emulators of memory- and compute-intensive nuclear systems. As an example, we describe how "eigenvector continuation" is a special case of a much more general and well-studied MOR formalism for parameterized systems. We continue with an introduction to the Ritz and Galerkin projection methods that underpin many such emulators, while pointing to the relevant MOR theory and its successful applications along the way. We believe that this will open the door to broader applications in nuclear physics and facilitate communication with practitioners in other fields.
description: 13 pages. Added table and minor changes
How does public opinion become extreme?
Creators: name: Ramos, Marlon
name: Shao, Jia
name: Reis, Saulo D. S.
name: Anteneodo, Celia
name: Andrade, José S.
name: Havlin, Shlomo
name: Makse, Hernán A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the emergence of extreme opinion trends in society by employing statistical physics modeling and analysis on polls that inquire about a wide range of issues such as religion, economics, politics, abortion, extramarital sex, books, movies, and electoral vote. The surveys lay out a clear indicator of the rise of extreme views. The precursor is a nonlinear relation between the fraction of individuals holding a certain extreme view and the fraction of individuals that includes also moderates, e.g., in politics, those who are "very conservative" versus "moderate to very conservative" ones. We propose an activation model of opinion dynamics with interaction rules based on the existence of individual "stubbornness" that mimics empirical observations. According to our modeling, the onset of nonlinearity can be associated to an abrupt bootstrap-percolation transition with cascades of extreme views through society. Therefore, it represents an early-warning signal to forecast the transition from moderate to extreme views. Moreover, by means of a phase diagram we can classify societies according to the percolative regime they belong to, in terms of critical fractions of extremists and people's ties.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures
Stochastic epidemic model on a simplicial complex
Creators: name: Palafox-Castillo, Gerardo
name: Berrones-Santos, Arturo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex networks with pairwise connections have been vastly used for the modeling of interactions within systems. Although these type of models are capable to capture rich structures and different phases within a great variety of situations, their lack of explicit higher order interactions might result, in some contexts, limited. In this work a stochastic epidemic model on a simplicial complex is defined, generalizing the known Markovian SIR epidemic process on networks. By direct simulations and mean field analysis is shown that already by the introduction of third order interactions through a simplex, the SIR model can display important differences in its dynamics and stationary states with respect to the pairwise version of the model.
Awareness of Islamic financial institutions among non-Muslims in the Ampara district of Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Hilmy, Hayathu Mohamed Ahamed
name: Sajith, S.A.
name: Ilma, M.A.F.
Publisher: name: European Journal of Islamic Finance
Year: 2023

description: Islamic Financing refers to the financing activity that complies with Islamic law and its practical application through the development of Islamic economics. It is one of the fastest-growing sectors in the world. The activities of Islamic Financial Institutions are found in all over the globe. In Sri Lanka, Islamic banking was introduced by Amana investment in 1997. Started primarily to cater for the Muslim community as a private operation, it had become to be one of the growing financial sectors in Sri Lanka. More than 19 financial institutions offer Islamic finance services in Sri Lanka, including one fully-fledged Islamic bank and seven Islamic banking window operations. Overall, the performance of Islamic banking services has been identified by researchers as steady but slow compared to the growth of conventional finance. There is a huge potential for the Islamic banking and finance industry to grow and reap its full potential with proper regulatory and institutional support. Islamic finance had been used by Muslims and non-Muslim customers in the country irrespective of religious influence. There had been valid concerns over this burgeoning industry in Sri Lanka that need to analyze in detail. Therefore, this research aims to determine the awareness level of non-Muslims of Ampara district in Sri Lanka about Islamic financial institutions and identify whether they realize the existing difference between Islamic financial institutions and conventional financial institutions in Sri Lanka. This study had been carried out using quantitative methods. For this study, primary data were collected through the questionnaire. Questions were distributed to all the respondents through Google Forms, and data was obtained. Among the selected sample size of 200 respondents, only 165 questionnaires were valid and used for the data analysis. The questionnaire consists of two parts: the first part requires the details of the respondents, and the second part deals with the awareness level regarding financial institutions. Collected primary data was analyzed through Microsoft Excel and presented through the tables and figures. Secondary sources were collected through academic journals, books, research articles, and thesis and website articles. According to the findings, even if non-Muslims are as aware of Islamic financial institutions as conventional financial institutions, their engagement level in them could be much higher.
description: European Journal of Islamic Finance, V. 10 N. 2 (2023)
Investigation of disease-linked hepaCAM mutations in cultured astrocytes
Creators: name: Lewis, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Astrocytes are a major non-neuronal glial cell type that perform many critical functions in the brain. Astrocytes require the protein hepaCAM to organize their branches in a functional manner and make appropriate connections to other cells in the brain. Mutations in hepaCAM cause Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC), a developmental and progressive brain disorder characterized by early onset macrocephaly, seizures, motor dysfunction, and cognitive decline. Little information is known about how these mutations may cause astrocyte dysfunction in MLC. Here I examined how different MLC-causing mutations affect hepaCAM protein localization. To do so, I chose three known MLC mutations that occur in hepaCAM and transfected mutant hepaCAM into cultured astrocytes. The mutants, when compared with wildtype hepaCAM, showed a change in hepaCAM localization. Rather than gathering in puncta along the cell branches, the mutant hepaCAM did not show any discernible puncta. Instead, the mutant hepaCAM protein was evenly distributed around the entire cell. Future research will investigate how hepaCAM mutations can change the morphology of astrocytes and how they appear in mouse brains.
The Emerging Role and Trends of UAE Education Sector in Circular Economy
Creators: name: Iyer, Shankar Subramanian
Publisher: name: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy
Year: 2023

description: This paper examines the emerging circular economy trends in universities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The circular economy is a model that aims to reduce waste and maximize the use of resources, promoting sustainable development. The study analyses UAE universities' various initiatives to adopt circular economy practices, including using renewable energy, sustainable building design, and waste reduction strategies. The paper also discusses the challenges and opportunities for implementing circular economy practices in universities in the UAE and highlights examples of circular economy initiatives in various universities. The paper concludes by providing recommendations for universities in the UAE to promote sustainable practices further and contribute to the circular economy movement. The findings of this study provide insights into the emerging circular economy trends in universities in the UAE and offer directions for future research in this area. The ADKAR change management can be adapted to inspire the CE initiatives of the UAE Education sector.
description: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, V. 4 N. 2 (2023)
Additional file 2 of A meta-analysis of immune-cell fractions at high resolution reveals novel associations with common phenotypes and health outcomes
Creators: name: Luo, Qi
name: Dwaraka, Varun B.
name: Chen, Qingwen
name: Tong, Huige
name: Zhu, Tianyu
name: Seale, Kirsten
name: Raffaele, Joseph M.
name: Zheng, Shijie C.
name: Mendez, Tavis L.
name: Chen, Yulu
name: Carreras, Natalia
name: Begum, Sofina
name: Mendez, Kevin
name: Voisin, Sarah
name: Eynon, Nir
name: Lasky-Su, Jessica A.
name: Smith, Ryan
name: Teschendorff, Andrew E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2. A pdf Supplementary Information file. Contains all Supplementary.
Prevalence of RNA viruses in certified, and informal potato seed tubers in the province of Antioquia (Colombia)
Creators: name: García, Andrea
name: Higuita, Mónica
name: Hoyos, Rodrigo
name: Gallo, Yuliana
name: Marín, Mauricio
name: Gutiérrez, Pablo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The productivity of potato in Colombia is far from its full potential mainly due to the high prevalence of viruses in seed-tubers. To gain a deeper insight into the health status of S. tuberosum and S. phureja seed-tubers used by farmers in the province of Antioquia (Colombia), we have investigated the prevalence of PVY, PVV, PVS, PVX, PRLV, PYVV, PMTV and PVB in certified and uncertified seed lots. The presence of viruses was determined by RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, Sanger and High-Throughput Sequencing (HTS). The eight viruses were detected in at least one lot sample of S. tuberosum or S. phureja and for most of the viruses, no significant differences in prevalence were observed between certified and uncertified seed-tuber lots; however, the number of co-infecting viruses and viral loads seem to be lower in the certified seeds. These results confirm the urgent need to improve current seed-tuber production standards in Colombia.
Linking bioeconomy, circular economy, and sustainability: Trends, gaps and future orientation in the bio-based and biodegradable plastics industry
Creators: name: Foschi, Eleonora
name: Aureli, Selena
name: Paletta, Angelo
Publisher: name: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy
Year: 2023

description: Bio-based and biodegradable plastics (BBPs) are innovative materials, wholly or partially produced from biomass, with the potential to enhance the circulation of resources in the biological cycle of the Ellen MacArthur Foundation’s butterfly diagram. Although BBPs are generally considered more environmental-friendly than conventional plastics, robust scientific evidence is still missing. The lack of tools and metrics to assess the circularity and sustainability of the BBPs industry poses relevant challenges for its upscaling and contribution to climate neutrality goals in Europe. It calls for adopting system and life cycle thinking, guided by multi-level and multi-dimensional examinations, which led researchers to build a comprehensive picture of trends, gaps and future orientations that may boost a sustainable circular bioeconomy in the sector. The value- chain based and multi-faceted SWOT analysis that emerged from the intersection of system and corporate data reveals the need to establish a combined circular bioeconomy strategy where incentives to integrated local supply chain, dedicated EPR scheme, eco-design guidelines, revised EoL standards, new clear labelling schemes and harmonised sustainability criteria should be prioritized and conjointly pursued to accelerate the transition towards a sustainable circular bioeconomy of the BBPs value chain.
description: European Journal of Social Impact and Circular Economy, V. 4 N. 2 (2023)
Optimal Movement of Factory Cranes
Creators: name: Ionuţ  Aron
name: Genç-Kaya, Latife
name: Harjunkoski, Iiro
name: Hoda, Samid
name: Hooker, John N.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study the problem of finding optimal space-time trajectories for
two factory cranes or hoists that move along a single overhead track.
Each crane is a assigned a sequence of pickups and deliveries at specified
locations that must be performed within given time windows. The
cranes must be operated so as not to interfere with each other, although
one crane may need to yield to another. The objective is generally to
follow a production schedule as closely as possible. We show that only
certain types of trajectories need be considered to obtain an optimal
solution. This simplifies the operation of the cranes and enhances
safety, because the cranes move according to predictable patterns. We
present a specialized dynamic programming algorithm that solves the
problem. To control the state space size we use an innovative state
space representation based on a cartesian product of intervals of states
and an array of two-dimensional circular queues. The algorithm solves
medium-sized instances of the problem to optimality and can be used
to create benchmarks for tuning heuristic algorithms that solve larger
instances.
Thermal emission from bow shocks II: 3D magnetohydrodynamic models of Zeta Ophiuchi
Creators: name: Green, S.
name: Mackey, J.
name: Kavanagh, P.
name: Haworth, T. J.
name: Moutzouri, M.
name: Gvaramdaze, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby, massive, runaway star Zeta Ophiuchi has a large bow shock detected in optical and infrared, and, uniquely among runaway O stars, diffuse X-ray emission is detected from the shocked stellar wind. Here we make the first detailed computational investigation of the bow shock of Zeta Ophiuchi, to test whether a simple model of the bow shock can explain the observed nebula, and to compare the detected X-ray emission with simulated emission maps. We re-analysed archival {\it Chandra} observations of the thermal diffuse X-ray emission from the shocked wind region of the bow shock, finding total unabsorbed X-ray flux (0.3-2 keV band) corresponding to a diffuse luminosity of $L_\mathrm{X}=2.33~(0.79-3.45)\times10^{29}$ergs$^{-1}$. 3D MHD simulations were used to model the interaction of the star's wind with a uniform ISM using a range of stellar and ISM parameters motivated by observational constraints. Synthetic infrared, Ha, soft X-ray, emission measure, and radio 6\,GHz emission maps were generated from three simulations, for comparison with relevant observations. Simulations where the space velocity of Zeta Ophiuchi has a significant radial velocity produce infrared emission maps with opening angle of the bow shock in better agreement with observations than for the case where motion is fully in the plane of the sky. The simulation with the highest pressure has the closest match, with flux level within a factor of 2 of the observational lower limit, and emission weighted temperature of $\log_{10}(T_\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{K})=6.4$, although the morphology of the diffuse emission appears somewhat different. Observed X-ray emission is a filled bubble brightest near the star whereas simulations predict brightening towards the contact discontinuity as density increases.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures
Thermal structure of a protostellar envelope
Creators: name: Pavlyuchenkov, Ya. N.
name: Zhilkin, A. G.
name: Vorobyov, E. I.
name: Fateeva, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A numerical hydrodynamical model for the evolution of spherically symmetric collapsing clouds, designed for the calculation of the thermal structure of these objects in both the prestellar and protostellar stages of their evolution, is presented. Distinctive features of the model include the possibility of independently describing the temperatures of the gas and dust, which is extremely important when calculating the thermal structure of prestellar and protostellar clouds, and the account of the radiation flux from the central protostar. This model is used to compare the theoretical density and temperature distributions with observations for nearby sites of star formation obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory. Application of the diffusion approximation with a flux limiter describes well the radial density and temperature distributions in protostellar clouds. However, significant differences between the model and observational density profiles were found for prestellar stages, suggesting the presence of appreciable deviations from equilibrium in the prestellar clouds. An approximate method for calculating the thermal structure of a cloud based on the adaptive $τ$-approximation is presented. Application of the $τ$-approximation yields good agreement with the diffusion approximation for the prestellar phase, but produces appreciable discrepancies for the protostellar phase, when the thermal structure of the accreting envelope is determined by the radiation of the protostar.
Hydrogen phase-IV characterization by full account of quantum anharmonicity
Creators: name: Morresi, Tommaso
name: Vuilleumier, Rodolphe
name: Casula, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We devise a framework to compute accurate phonons in molecular crystals even in case of strong quantum anharmonicity. Our approach is based on the calculation of the static limit of the phononic Matsubara Green's function from path integral molecular dynamics simulations. Our method enjoys a remarkably low variance, which allows one to compute accurate phonon frequencies after a few picoseconds of nuclear dynamics, and it is further stabilized by the use of appropriate constrained displacement operators. We applied it to solid hydrogen at high pressure. For phase III, our predicted infrared (IR) and Raman active vibrons agree very well with experiments. We then characterize the crystalline symmetry of phase IV by direct comparison with vibrational data and we determine the character of its Raman and IR vibron peaks.
Monetary Policy: Some Theory and Evidence
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Few topics have a larger or more rapidly growing literature than monetary policy. The literature has wide diversity, ranging from highly abstract analyses of optimal money growth to the commentary ground out daily or weekly by central bank watchers in many countries. 1 In between are such issues as the choice of rules over discretion, the strategies and tactics of monetary action, the advantages of activism and, recently, the positive analysis of policymakers' decisions.
Sample Size Calculations for Micro-randomized Trials in mHealth
Creators: name: Liao, Peng
name: Klasnja, Predrag
name: Tewari, Ambuj
name: Murphy, Susan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use and development of mobile interventions are experiencing rapid growth. In "just-in-time" mobile interventions, treatments are provided via a mobile device and they are intended to help an individual make healthy decisions "in the moment," and thus have a proximal, near future impact. Currently the development of mobile interventions is proceeding at a much faster pace than that of associated data science methods. A first step toward developing data-based methods is to provide an experimental design for testing the proximal effects of these just-in-time treatments. In this paper, we propose a "micro-randomized" trial design for this purpose. In a micro-randomized trial, treatments are sequentially randomized throughout the conduct of the study, with the result that each participant may be randomized at the 100s or 1000s of occasions at which a treatment might be provided. Further, we develop a test statistic for assessing the proximal effect of a treatment as well as an associated sample size calculator. We conduct simulation evaluations of the sample size calculator in various settings. Rules of thumb that might be used in designing a micro-randomized trial are discussed. This work is motivated by our collaboration on the HeartSteps mobile application designed to increase physical activity.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures, 18 tables
Exotic Diffusion of Walking Droplets
Creators: name: Abraham,Abel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Diffusion, playing a vital role in countless biological and synthetic processes, is one of the most fundamental transport mechanisms and thus essential to virtually any field, including physics, medicine, engineering, and even economics. Motile “particles”, such as bacteria or self-propelled colloids, spread diffusively through disordered media. An accumulation of particles in such an environment will thus spread until the final distribution is homogeneous. This project will demonstrate an exotic form of diffusion in which, while particles instantaneously move diffusively, an ensemble of them will not spread over time but localize. This localization effect is considered exclusive to electrons, but we will demonstrate the first macroscopic system with analogous properties.
Parallelizing Elimination Orders with Linear Fill
Creators: name: Claudson  Bornstein
name: Maggs, Bruce
name: Miller, Gary
name: Ramamoorthi Ravi
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper presents an algorithm for finding parallel elimination orders for Gaussian elimination. Viewing a system of equations as a graph, the algorithm can be applied directly to interval graphs and chordal graphs. For general graphs, the algorithm can be used to parallelize the order produced by some other heuristic such as minimum degree. In this case, the algorithm is applied to the chordal completion that the heuristic generates from the input graph. In general, the input to the algorithm is a chordal graph G with n nodes and m edges. The algorithm produces an order with height at most O(log3 n) times optimal, fill at most O(m), and work at most O(W*(G)), where W*(G) is the minimum possible work over all elimination orders for G. Experimental results show that when applied after some other heuristic, the increase in work and fill is usually small. In some instances the algorithm obtains an order that is actually better, in terms of work and fill, than the original one. We also present an algorithm that produces an order with a factor of log n less height, but with a factor of O(√log n) more fill
Shaping centromeres to resist mitotic spindle forces
Creators: name: Bloom, K.
name: Lawrimore, J.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2022

description: The centromere serves as the binding site for the kinetochore and is essential for the faithful segregation of chromosomes throughout cell division. The point centromere in yeast is encoded by a ∼115 bp specific DNA sequence, whereas regional centromeres range from 6-10 kbp in fission yeast to 5-10 Mbp in humans. Understanding the physical structure of centromere chromatin (pericentromere in yeast), defined as the chromatin between sister kinetochores, will provide fundamental insights into how centromere DNA is woven into a stiff spring that is able to resist microtubule pulling forces during mitosis. One hallmark of the pericentromere is the enrichment of the structural maintenance of chromosome (SMC) proteins cohesin and condensin. Based on studies from population approaches (ChIP-seq and Hi-C) and experimentally obtained images of fluorescent probes of pericentromeric structure, as well as quantitative comparisons between simulations and experimental results, we suggest a mechanism for building tension between sister kinetochores. We propose that the centromere is a chromatin bottlebrush that is organized by the loop-extruding proteins condensin and cohesin. The bottlebrush arrangement provides a biophysical means to transform pericentromeric chromatin into a spring due to the steric repulsion between radial loops. We argue that the bottlebrush is an organizing principle for chromosome organization that has emerged from multiple approaches in the field.
On the Rank of Mixed 0,1 Polyhedra
Creators: name: Cornuejols, Gerard
name: Yanjun  Li
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: For a polytope in the [0, 1]n cube, Eisenbrand and Schulz showed recently that the maximum
Chvátal rank is bounded above by O(n2logn) and bounded below by (1 + ∈)n for some ∈ > 0. Chvátal cuts
are equivalent to Gomory fractional cuts, which are themselves dominated by Gomory mixed integer cuts.
What do these upper and lower bounds become when the rank is defined relative to Gomory mixed integer
cuts? An upper bound of n follows from existing results in the literature. In this note, we show that the lower
bound is also equal to n. This result still holds for mixed 0,1 polyhedra with n binary variables.
Evaluation of artificial inoculation methods to determine resistance reaction to dry root rot and black root rot disease in mulberry (Morus spp.)
Creators: name: Arunakumar, Gondi S.
name: Gnanesh, Belaghihalli N.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Root rot disease of mulberry is a widespread soil-borne disease, which can cause serious damage and huge economic loss to mulberry production in India. Efficient and reliable screening methods are prerequisites to evaluate the disease-resistant germplasm accessions for developing a cultivar’s resistance to root rot. A multifactor experiment with four replications was established to evaluate four different inoculation techniques namely, colonized sorghum grains (CSG), colonized toothpick, root dip (RD), and syringe inoculation using pathogenic isolates of three fungal pathogens; Fusarium solani, F. oxysporum (dry root rot) and Lasiodiplodia theobromae (black root rot) against known resistant and susceptible mulberry germplasm accessions under glasshouse conditions. In addition, all the methods of evaluating resistance were compared and the results indicated that CSG and RD methods of inoculation for dry and black root rot were stable in their pathogenic effect. Also, these two methods were easy to screen and more convenient than other methods.
Additional file 1 of Impacts of seasonal flooding on geographical access to maternal healthcare in the Barotse Floodplain, Zambia
Creators: name: Mroz, Elizabeth Jade
name: Willis, Thomas
name: Thomas, Chris
name: Janes, Craig
name: Singini, Douglas
name: Njungu, Mwimanenwa
name: Smith, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Reclassification of OpenStreetMap data. Table S2. Vehicular instability thresholds as recommended by the Australian Rainfall and Runoff Project [131]. Figure S1. Boxplot showing the variability in the monthly sum of precipitation as recorded between 1993-2010 for the Upper Zambezi catchment. Table S3. Monthly average depths, velocities, and waterbody and flood extent across the study area. Table S4. The number and percentage of women (total n = 8,130) who are inaccessible and who have timely walking access to maternal services each month. Table S5. The number and percentage of women (total n = 8,130) who are unable to be referred by road to EmOC and those who have timely vehicular referral access to EmOC each month. Table S6. Description and source of all data used in this study.
Quantifying active and resistive stresses in adherent cells
Creators: name: Delanoë-Ayari, Hélène
name: Nicolas, Alice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: To understand cell migration, it is crucial to gain knowledge on how cells exert and integrate forces on/from their environment. A quantity of prime interest for biophysicists interested in cell movements modeling is the intracellular stresses. Up to now, three different methods have been proposed to calculate it, they are all in the regime of the thin plate approximation. Two are based on solving the mechanical equilibrium equation inside the cell material (Monolayer Stress Microscopy, and Bayesian Inference Stress Microscopy) and one is based on the continuity of displacement at the cell/substrate interface (Intracellular Stress Microscopy). We show here using 3D FEM modeling that these techniques do not calculate the same quantities (as was previously assumed), the first techniques calculate the sum of the active and resistive stresses within the cell, whereas the last one only calculate the resistive component. Combining these techniques should in principle permit to get access to the active stress alone.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2105.05792
Spatiotemporal Estimation of Radon Exposure for Epidemiologic Risk Assessment
Creators: name: Sorensen, Kyle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas and is an intermediate product of the decay of uranium. Exposure to radon is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the United States and is hypothesized to cause strokes and other cardiovascular events. Additionally, radon levels seem to be rising across North America and may be linked to climate change. In the early 1990’s, the US EPA created a grouping of 15 radon "risk levels," classified according to indoor radon measurements (pCi/L) from the State Residential Radon Survey (SRRS), aerial radioactivity (ppm eU), geology, soil permeability and architecture type; this is called the radon index (RI). The goal of this analysis is to create a refined spatial model for the geographic distribution of radon using a latent process modeling approach on indoor radon measurement data (SRRS) and the radon index data. The parameter estimates of our model seem to be well-behaved and we will soon construct a method for interpolation and prediction of unobserved radon values.
The carbon footprint of a university campus
Creators: name: Guvenc, Senem Yazici
name: Canikli, Seda
name: Can-Güven, Emine
name: Varank, Gamze
name: Akbas, Halil Emre
Publisher: name: Visions for Sustainability
Year: 2023

description: In this study, the carbon footprint of Yildiz Technical University (YTU), Davutpaşa Campus was calculated to draw attention to the sustainable use of resources, what needs to be done against global climate change, and to reveal the responsibilities of universities in this regard and the importance of their contributions. This study was carried out to emphasize the need for higher education institutions to lead in reducing the carbon footprint in every living area in our country. IPCC and DEFRA methods were used to calculate the carbon footprint. The emission values obtained for 2019 and 2020 were 15244.4 and 7213.3 t of CO2, respectively. The largest component of emissions is electricity consumption, followed by transportation. The obtained values are similar to the results of the studies conducted on other university campuses. The reason for the low emission value in 2020 is the application of the online education system due to the pandemic. The precautions to be taken to reduce the carbon footprint are stated and suggestions are made. YTU, which has already adopted a new environmental policy, is rapidly advancing towards becoming a sustainable campus. In line with the sustainable campus vision, the carbon footprint is expected to decrease significantly.
description: Visions for Sustainability, NEW Visions online
Advection diffusion equation with absorbing boundary
Creators: name: Grant, John
name: Wilkinson, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a spatially homogeneous advection-diffusion equation in which the diffusion tensor and drift velocity are time-independent, but otherwise general. We derive asymptotic expressions, valid at large distances from a steady point source, for the flux onto a completely permeable boundary and onto an absorbing boundary. The absorbing case is treated by making a source of antiparticles at the boundary. In both cases there is an exponential decay as the distance from the source increases; we find that the exponent is the same for both boundary conditions.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
title: Switzerland Report. Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
Creators: name: Armingeon, Klaus
name: Sager, Fritz
name: Zohlnhöfer, Reimut
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2022
Subjects: Governance
Democracy
Regierungshandeln
Demokratie

description: In the current assessment period, governance in Switzerland has sustained considerable continuity with recent SGI assessments. The external shock of the pandemic has been weathered well in terms of maintaining democratic, economic and societal stability. By implication, the country’s strengths and shortcomings have fundamentally remained unchanged.
Unresolved issues in the search for eta-mesic nuclei
Creators: name: Kelkar, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even if the theoretical definition of an unstable state is straightforward, its experimental identification often depends on the method used in the analysis and extraction of data. A good example is the case of eta mesic nuclei where strong hints of their existence led to about three decades of extensive theoretical and experimental searches. Considering the still undecided status of these states and the limitations in the understanding of the eta-nucleon as well as the eta-nucleus interaction, the present article tries to look back at some unresolved problems in the production mechanism and final state interaction of the eta mesons and nuclei. An unconventional perspective which provides a physical insight into the nature of the eta-nucleus interaction is also presented using quantum time concepts.
description: Talk given at II Symposium on applied nuclear physics and innovative technologies, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland, Acta Physica Polonica B (2015) in press
Convolutional neural networks enable high-fidelity prediction of path-dependent diffusion barrier spectra in multi-principal element alloys
Creators: name: Fan, Zhao
name: Xing, Bin
name: Cao, Penghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergent multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) provide a vast compositional space to search for novel materials for technological advances. However, how to efficiently identify optimal compositions from such a large design space for targeted properties is a grand challenge in material science. Here we developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that can accurately and efficiently predict path-dependent vacancy migration energy barriers, which are critical to diffusion behaviors and many high-temperature properties, of MPEAs at any compositions and with different chemical short-range orders within a given alloy system. The success of the CNN model makes it promising for developing a database of diffusion barriers for different MPEA systems, which would accelerate alloy screening for the discovery of new compositions with desirable properties. Besides, the length scale of local configurations relevant to migration energy barriers is uncovered, and the implications of this success to other aspects of materials science are discussed.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures in the main text and 9 supplementary figures
Gamow-Teller response and its spreading mechanism in doubly magic nuclei
Creators: name: Niu, Yifei
name: Colo, Gianluca
name: Vigezzi, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The scope of the paper is to apply a state-of-the-art beyond mean-field model to the description of the Gamow-Teller response in atomic nuclei. This topic recently attracted considerable renewed interest, due, in particular, to the possibility of performing experiments in unstable nuclei. We study the cases of $^{48}$Ca, $^{78}$Ni, $^{132}$Sn and $^{208}$Pb. Our model is based on a fully self-consistent Skyrme Hartree-Fock plus random phase approximation. The same Skyrme interaction is used to calculate the coupling between particles and vibrations, which leads to the mixing of the Gamow-Teller resonance with a set of doorway states and to its fragmentation. We compare our results with available experimental data. The microscopic coupling mechanism is also discussed in some detail.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures
On the safety of Gomory cut generators
Creators: name: Cornuejols, Gerard
name: Francois Margot
name: Nannicini, Giacomo
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Gomory mixed-integer cuts are one of the key components in Branch-and-Cut solvers for mixed-integer linear programs. The textbook formula for generating these cuts is not used directly in open-source and commercial software due to the limited numerical precision of the computations: Additional steps are performed to avoid the generation of invalid cuts. This paper studies the impact of some of these steps on the safety of Gomory mixed-integer cut generators. As the generation of invalid cuts is a relatively rare event, the experimental design for this study is particularly important. We propose an experimental setup that allows statistically significant comparisons of generators. We also propose a parameter optimization algorithm and use it to find a Gomory mixed-integer cut generator that is as safe as a benchmark cut generator from a commercial solver even though it generates many more cuts.