cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Effects of low- and high-intensity physical exercise on physical and cognitive function in older persons with dementia: a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: L. M. J. Sanders
name: T. Hortobágyi
name: E. G. A. Karssemeijer
name: E. A. Van Der Zee
name: E. J. A. Scherder
name: M. J. G. Van Heuvelen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1. Adaptation of sets and repetitions during strength sessions. Appendix 2a. Description of the physical function tests. Appendix 2b. Description of the cognitive function tests. Appendix 3. Training characteristics for the exercise and control group. Appendix 4a. Means and standard deviations for the imputed cognitive test scores for ApoE4 carriers vs. non-carriers. Appendix 4b. Means and standard deviations for the imputed physical test scores for ApoE4 carriers vs. non-carriers. Appendix 4c. Three-way time x group x ApoE4 carriership analyses for cognitive and physical functions. Appendix 4d. Three-way interaction (Time*Group*Carrier) for MMSE score. Appendix 5. Means and standard deviations of the follow-up data for gait speed, leg strength and STROOP.
Supplementary document for High-speed in-toto 3D imaging with isotropic resolution by scanning light-field tomography - 7207381.pdf
Creators: name: Yifan, Chen
name: Xiong, Bo
name: Dai, Qionghai
name: Lu, Zhi
name: Guo, Yuduo
name: Zhang, Yi
name: fan, Jiaqi
name: Xiao, Guihua
name: Zhang, Guoxun
name: Li, Xiaopeng
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Anatomy

description: Supplemental Document
Ligand Rebinding: Self-consistent Mean-field Theory and Numerical Simulations Applied to SPR Studies
Creators: name: Gopalakrishnan, Manoj
name: Forsten-Williams, Kimberly
name: Cassino, Theressa R.
name: Padro, Luz
name: Ryan, Thomas E.
name: Tauber, Uwe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rebinding of dissociated ligands from cell surface proteins can confound quantitative measurements of dissociation rates important for characterizing the affinity of binding interactions. This can be true also for in vitro techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We present experimental results using SPR for the interaction of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) with one of its binding proteins, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and show that rebinding, even with the addition of soluble heparin in the dissociation phase, does not exhibit the expected exponential decay characteristic of a 1:1 binding reaction. We thus consider the effect of (multiple) rebinding events and, within a self-consistent mean-field approximation, we derive the complete mathematical form for the fraction of bound ligand as a function of time. We show that, except for very low surface coverage/association rate, this function is non-exponential at all times, indicating that multiple rebinding events strongly influence dissociation even at early times. We compare the mean-field results with numerical simulations and find good agreement, although deviations are measurable in certain cases. Our analysis of the IGF-I-IGFBP-3 data indicates that rebinding is prominent for this system and that the theoretical predictions fit the experimental data well. Our results provide a means for analyzing SPR biosensor data where rebinding is problematic and a methodology to do so is presented.
description: minor errors in notation corrected, added figure, appendix and glossary, 37 pages, to appear in Eur. Biophys. J
title: Pre-erythrocytic T cell immunity in malaria exposed Africans
Creators: name: Flanagan, Katie Louise
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2000

description: Many believe that vaccines are the intervention with the greatest chance of reducing the worldwide burden of malaria. Irradiated sporozoites protect against subsequent malaria challenge, and a vaccine that mimics this stage might be effective. CD4 and CDS T cells are thought to be crucial in protection, but studies of T cell immunity in malaria exposed donors are hampered by widespread nonresponsiveness, to malaria antigens. Most studies of natural T cell immunity measured lymphoproliferation alone, but I found that if 3 T cell assays were employed simultaneously (proliferation, overnight IFN-y ELISPOT, and IFN-y ELISPOT after 14 days culture), that T cell reactivity to circumsporozoite protein (CS) was considerably higher than when using proliferation alone. Responses to individual epitopes failed to correlate over the 3 assays, suggesting that they detect different memory T cell subsets. I investigated the nature of responder cells in the 3 assays, and found ex- vivo ELISPOT responses were mediated by CCR7+ and cultured ELISPOT by CCR7+ cells. I also found a CD4+CD38+ T cell subset that suppressed lymphoproliferation, and might contribute to malaria immunosuppression.

 The immunodominant T cell epitope regions of CS are highly polymorphic, and I found that altered peptide ligand antagonism operated for variants of a CD4 T cell site. Less polymorphic antigens might be better vaccine candidates, one promising candidate being thrombospondin related adhesive protein (TRAP). I mapped novel CD4 T cell epitopes in TRAP, 16 of which were conserved. I found differences in TRAP T cell reactivity between East and West Africans, and adults and children, which is important since these populations will be recipients of future malaria vaccines. I investigated whether IFN-y ELISPOT responses to TRAP correlated with protection, since IFN-y is thought to be the mechanism by which T cells exert their protective effect, but no protection was found.
Voting on social welfare policies in the U.S. Congress: The impact of constituency preferences on legislative behavior
Creators: name: Durst, Samantha L.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This dissertation improves the explanatory ability of current legislative voting models by integrating measures of constituency preferences and characteristics, including the economic condition in the district, into those models. Few previous studies examine the ways that legislators attempt to provide economic benefits to their constituents through social welfare programs and expenditures. This dissertation is distinct from previous studies because it examines legislator reactions to constituent preferences over time and uses district-level data for each legislative district, rather than relying on examinations of national trends as some previous studies have done. The central thesis of this dissertation is that legislators will be motivated to support social welfare policies and programs if their constituents are likely to be supportive (or in need) of those policies and programs. The findings of this study suggest that members are responsive to their constituents. Members do act as if there is a link between their legislative decision making and the preferences of their constituents. If true representation requires that elected officials acknowledge the preferences and concerns of their constituents through their legislative activities, then members of Congress seem to fulfill that obligation. As had previously been found for other policy areas, partisan and ideological preferences influence legislative voting behavior within the context of social welfare policy. Members of Congress use their own preferences, as well as the preferences of their constituency, in evaluating legislation.
A Neuromorphic Proto-Object Based Dynamic Visual Saliency Model with an FPGA Implementation
Creators: name: Molin, Jamal Lottier
name: Thakur, Chetan Singh
name: Etienne-Cummings, Ralph
name: Niebur, Ernst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The ability to attend to salient regions of a visual scene is an innate and necessary preprocessing step for both biological and engineered systems performing high-level visual tasks (e.g. object detection, tracking, and classification). Computational efficiency, in regard to processing bandwidth and speed, is improved by only devoting computational resources to salient regions of the visual stimuli. In this paper, we first present a neuromorphic, bottom-up, dynamic visual saliency model based on the notion of proto-objects. This is achieved by incorporating the temporal characteristics of the visual stimulus into the model, similarly to the manner in which early stages of the human visual system extracts temporal information. This neuromorphic model outperforms state-of-the-art dynamic visual saliency models in predicting human eye fixations on a commonly used video dataset with associated eye tracking data. Secondly, for this model to have practical applications, it must be capable of performing its computations in real-time under low-power, small-size, and lightweight constraints. To address this, we introduce a Field-Programmable Gate Array implementation of the model on an Opal Kelly 7350 Kintex-7 board. This novel hardware implementation allows for processing of up to 23.35 frames per second running on a 100 MHz clock - better than 26x speedup from the software implementation.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 6 tables, journal
Additional file 1 of A Canadian evaluation framework for quality improvement in childhood arthritis: key performance indicators of the process of care
Creators: name: Barber, Claire E. H.
name: Twilt, Marinka
name: Pham, Tram
name: Currie, Gillian R.
name: Benseler, Susanne
name: Yeung, Rae S. M.
name: Batthish, Michelle
name: Blanchette, Nicholas
name: Guzman, Jaime
name: Lang, Bianca
name: LeBlanc, Claire
name: Levy, Deborah M.
name: O’Brien, Christine
name: Schmeling, Heinrike
name: Soon, Gordon
name: Spiegel, Lynn
name: Whitney, Kristi
name: Marshall, Deborah A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Select websites searched for grey literature review. Sources and website links for sites searched for grey literature review.
X-ray Pulsars in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Majid, W. A.
name: Lamb, R. C.
name: Macomb, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: XMM-Newton archival data for the Small Magellanic Cloud have been examined for the presence of previously undetected X-ray pulsars. One such pulsar, with a period of 202 s, is detected. Its position is consistent with an early B star in the SMC and we identify it as a high mass X-ray binary (HMXB). In the course of this study we determined the pulse period of the possible AXP CXOU J010043.1-721134 to be 8.0 s, correcting an earlier report (Lamb et al 2002b) of a 5.4 s period for this object. Pulse profiles and spectra for each of these objects are presented as well as for a recently discovered (Haberl & Pietsch 2004) 263 s X-ray pulsar. Properties of an ensemble of 24 optically identified HMXB pulsars from the SMC are investigated. The locations of the pulsars and an additional 22 X-ray pulsars not yet identified as having high mass companions are located predominately in the young (ages $\le 3 \times 10^{7}$ years) star forming regions of the SMC as expected on the basis of binary evolution models. We find no significant difference between the distribution of spin periods for the HMXB pulsars of the SMC compared with that of the Milky Way. For those HMXB pulsars which have Be companions we note an inverse correlation between spin period and maximum X-ray flux density. (This anti-correlation has been previously noted for all X-ray binary pulsars by Stella, White & Rosner 1986). The anti-correlation for the Be binaries may be a reflection of the fact that the spin periods and orbital periods of Be HMXBs are correlated. We note a similar correlation between X-ray luminosity and spin period for the Be HMXB pulsars of the Milky Way and speculate that exploitation of the correlation could serve as a distance indicator.
description: final version accepted in The Astrophysical Journal
Voting on social welfare policies in the U.S. Congress: The impact of constituency preferences on legislative behavior
Creators: name: Durst, Samantha L.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation improves the explanatory ability of current legislative voting models by integrating measures of constituency preferences and characteristics, including the economic condition in the district, into those models. Few previous studies examine the ways that legislators attempt to provide economic benefits to their constituents through social welfare programs and expenditures. This dissertation is distinct from previous studies because it examines legislator reactions to constituent preferences over time and uses district-level data for each legislative district, rather than relying on examinations of national trends as some previous studies have done. The central thesis of this dissertation is that legislators will be motivated to support social welfare policies and programs if their constituents are likely to be supportive (or in need) of those policies and programs. The findings of this study suggest that members are responsive to their constituents. Members do act as if there is a link between their legislative decision making and the preferences of their constituents. If true representation requires that elected officials acknowledge the preferences and concerns of their constituents through their legislative activities, then members of Congress seem to fulfill that obligation. As had previously been found for other policy areas, partisan and ideological preferences influence legislative voting behavior within the context of social welfare policy. Members of Congress use their own preferences, as well as the preferences of their constituency, in evaluating legislation.
Stability of stationary solutions of the Schrodinger-Langevin equation
Creators: name: Van, P.
name: Fulop, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability properties of a class of dissipative quantum mechanical systems are investigated. The nonlinear stability and asymptotic stability of stationary states (with zero and nonzero dissipation respectively) is investigated by Liapunov's direct method. The results are demonstrated by numerical calculations on the example of the damped harmonic oscillator.
description: revised, 12 pages, 7 figures
Congressional decision-making: An integrated model of political interaction between members of Congress, constituents, and interest groups
Creators: name: Lotwis, Mark Andrew
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The traditional political science literature about legislative decision-making has often theorized about or tested for only a few of the major concepts thought to influence Members of Congress (Members) as they make decisions: parties, ideology, and constituents. Other researchers have focused on the efforts of interest groups, especially through their political action committee (PAC) donations, to influence Members. This focus on parties, ideology and constituency by one group of congressional scholars and interest group contributions by others left both sides wanting for an integrated approach. Both clusters of research, with notable exceptions, ignore other primary methods used by groups to influence legislative voting such as direct lobbying and mobilizing grass roots constituent activity. Authors of those studies generally ignore Members' predisposition to vote in accord with their past decisions as well. Additionally, the personal convictions of Members, represented by their own personal experience and beliefs, has only been addressed by a few scholars. This research proposes an integrated model of congressional decision-making which explicitly models and tests the impact of different constituencies, interest group campaign contributions and lobbying efforts, past Member behavior, and Member specific characteristics. By estimating the effect of all theoretically relevant determinants of Member voting simultaneously, an evaluation of congressional decision-making in an unbiased and systematic manner is possible. This integrated model of congressional decision-making was estimated in the context of the highly visible gun policy sub-system containing major interest groups such as the National Rifle Association and Handgun Control, Inc. The findings show that Members do perceive pro-gun re-election constituencies as suggested by Fenno (1978), and are influenced by them to vote pro-gun. Elite group activities, including PAC contributions and lobbying, were also found to be significant determinants of Members' behavior. The NRA's direct lobbying efforts and PAC contributions convinced Members to vote pro-gun. However, their lobbying of Members with moderate constituencies was shown to backfire, as these Members voted to support gun control. Personal self-interest, ideology of Members, and prior voting history on the issue were also shown to be strong influences on Member decision-making.
Lepton flavor violating decays of the SM-like Higgs boson $h\rightarrow e_ie_j$, and $e_i \rightarrow e_j\, γ$ in a flipped 3-3-1 model
Creators: name: Hong, T. T.
name: Hung, H. T.
name: Phuong, H. H.
name: Phuong, L. T. T.
name: Hue, L. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the flipped 3-3-1 model introduced recently [1], the lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) decay $μ\rightarrow 3e$ was predicted to have a large branching ratio (Br) close to the recent experimental limit. We will show that the Br of LFV decays of the standard-model-like (SM-like) Higgs boson decays (LFVHD) Br$(h\rightarrow e_ae_b)$ may also be large. Namely, the Br$(h\rightarrow μτ,eτ)$ can reach values of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})-\mathcal{O}(10^{-5})$, which will reach the upcoming experimental sensitivities. On the other hand, for LFV decays of charged leptons (cLFV) $(e_b\rightarrow e_aγ)$, the branching ratios are well below experimental bounds.
description: Typos corrected based on the version published in PTEP. References added
Phaenops drummondi
Creators: name: Hallinen, Marie J.
name: Steffens, Wayne P.
name: Schultz, Jennifer L.
name: Aukema, Brian H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Buprestidae
Phaenops
Phaenops drummondi

description: 99. Phaenops drummondi (Kirby, 1837)
 County Records (n = 78): Clearwater, Cook, Hennepin, Isanti, Itasca, and St. Louis.
Collection Dates: 25 May–26 August.
 Minnesota Hosts: Collected on Larix laricina. Larval hosts also recorded as Abies sp., Picea sp., and Pseudotsuga sp.
 Collection Method: Reared from imported Larix occidentalis Nutt., on L. laricina and in Lindgren funnel trap on Pinus banksiana.
description: Published as part of Hallinen, Marie J., Steffens, Wayne P., Schultz, Jennifer L. & Aukema, Brian H., 2021, The Buprestidae (Coleoptera) of Minnesota, with a Discussion of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, pp. 173-190 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (1) on page 185, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-75.1.173, http://zenodo.org/record/4837088
Efficient spin torques in antiferromagnetic CoO/Pt quantified by comparing field- and current- induced switching
Creators: name: Baldrati, Lorenzo
name: Schmitt, Christin
name: Gomonay, Olena
name: Lebrun, Romain
name: Ramos, Rafael
name: Saitoh, Eiji
name: Sinova, Jairo
name: Kläui, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We achieve current-induced switching in collinear insulating antiferromagnetic CoO/Pt, with fourfold in-plane magnetic anisotropy. This is measured electrically by spin Hall magnetoresistance and confirmed by the magnetic field-induced spin-flop transition of the CoO layer. By applying current pulses and magnetic fields, we quantify the efficiency of the acting current-induced torques and estimate a current-field equivalence ratio of $4x10^{-11} T A^{-1} m^2$. The Néel vector final state ($n \perp j$) is in line with a thermomagnetoelastic switching mechanism for a negative magnetoelastic constant of the CoO.
description: 16 pages (manuscript and supplementary), 12 figures. Acknowledgments corrected
ISO spectroscopy of disks around Herbig Ae/Be stars
Creators: name: Acke, Bram
name: Ancker, Mario E. van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the infrared spectra of all 46 Herbig Ae/Be stars for which spectroscopic data is available in the ISO data archive. Our quantitative analysis of these spectra focusses on the emission bands linked to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the amorphous 10 micron silicate band and the crystalline silicate band at 11.3 micron. We have detected PAH emission in 57% of the Herbig stars in our sample. Clear examples of differences in the PAH spectra are present within our sample, indicating differences in PAH size, chemistry and/or ionization. Amorphous silicate emission was detected in the spectra of 52% of the sample stars, amorphous silicate absorption in 13%. We have detected crystalline silicate emission in 11 stars (24% of our sample), of which four (9%) also display strong PAH emission. We have classified the sample sources according to the strength of their mid-IR energy distribution. The systems with stronger mid-infared (20-100 um) excesses relative to their near-infrared (1-5 um) excess display significantly more PAH emission than those with weaker mid-infrared excesses. This provides strong observational support for the disk models by Dullemond (2002), in which systems with a flaring disk geometry display a strong mid-infrared excess, whereas those with disks that are strongly shadowed by the puffed-up inner rim of the disk only display modest amounts of mid-infrared emission. The PAH emission is expected to be produced mainly in the part of the disk atmosphere that is directly exposed to radiation from the central star. In this model, self-shadowed disks should display weaker PAH emission than flared disks, consistent with our observations.
description: 27 pages, 26 figures, A&A accepted (22/06/2004)
Ubóstwo w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej a formy jego przezwyciężania w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju i doświadczeń UE
Poverty in Poland and the European Union and the Forms of Overcome it, in the Context of Sustainable Development and the EU Experience
Creators: name: Biernat-Jarka, Agnieszka
name: Trębska, Paulina
name: Biernat-Jarka, Agnieszka
name: Trębska, Paulina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: sustainable development
subject: poverty
subject: indicator of the risk of poverty
subject: fight against poverty
subject: zrównoważony rozwój
subject: ubóstwo
subject: wskaźnik zagrożenia ubóstwem
subject: walka z biedą

description: The aim of this article is to assess the forms of overcoming poverty in Poland against the background of the European Union in the context of sustainable development and the experience of the European Union. The article presents the scale of poverty in Poland and in the European Union, reviewing literature from this area and analysis of secondary sources from the Central Statistical Office and EUROSTAT. / Synopsis. Celem artykułu jest ocena zjawiska ubóstwa w Polsce na tle innych krajów Unii Europejskiej oraz scharakteryzowanie wybranych form przezwyciężania ubóstwa w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju. W artykule dokonano przeglądu literatury z tego obszaru oraz analizy źródeł wtórnych pochodzących z Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego i EUROSTAT. Ubóstwo jest zjawiskiem powszechnym i występuje we wszystkich krajach Unii Europejskiej. Około 17% obywateli Unii Europejskiej jest zagrożonych ubóstwem. Problem ten powinien być rozwiązany ze względu na zrównoważony i trwały rozwój i jest to podstawą europejskiej strategii walki z ubóstwem i wykluczeniem społecznym
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2018.18.1.3
Automated Attack Synthesis for Constant Product Market Makers
Creators: name: Han, Sujin
name: Kim, Jinseo
name: Lee, Sung-Ju
name: Yun, Insu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Decentralized Finance (DeFi) enables many novel applications that were impossible in traditional finances. However, it also introduces new types of vulnerabilities. An example of such vulnerabilities is a composability bug between token contracts and Decentralized Exchange (DEX) that follows the Constant Product Market Maker (CPMM) model. This type of bug, which we refer to as CPMM composability bug, originates from issues in token contracts that make them incompatible with CPMMs, thereby endangering other tokens within the CPMM ecosystem. Since 2022, 23 exploits of such kind have resulted in a total loss of 2.2M USD. BlockSec, a smart contract auditing company, reported that 138 exploits of such kind occurred just in February 2023.
 In this paper, we propose CPMMX , a tool that automatically detects CPMM composability bugs across entire blockchains. To achieve such scalability, we first formalized CPMM composability bugs and found that these bugs can be induced by breaking two safety invariants. Based on this finding, we designed CPMMX equipped with a two-step approach, called shallow-then-deep search. In more detail, it first uses shallow search to find transactions that break the invariants. Then, it uses deep search to refine these transactions, making them profitable for the attacker. We evaluated CPMMX against five baselines on two public datasets and one synthetic dataset. In our evaluation, CPMMX detected 2.5x to 1.5x more vulnerabilities compared to baseline methods. It also analyzed contracts significantly faster, achieving higher F1 scores than the baselines. Additionally, we applied CPMMX to all contracts on the latest blocks of the Ethereum and Binance networks and discovered 26 new exploits that can result in 15.7K USD profit in total.
description: 22 pages, 16 figures, 8 tables. Accepted at ACM ISSTA 2025
Optical analogues of black-hole horizons
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hawking radiation is unlikely to be measured from a real black-hole, but can be tested in laboratory analogues. It was predicted as a consequence of quantum mechanics and general relativity, but turned out to be more universal. A refractive index perturbation produce an optical analogue of the black-hole horizon and Hawking radiation that is made of light. We discuss the central and recent experiments of the optical analogue, using hands-on physics. We stress the roles of classical fields, negative frequencies, 'regular optics' and dispersion. Opportunities and challenges ahead are shortly discussed.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures. Submitted to Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. This version include several minor revisions to improve clarity
Pomiar mnożnika w rozwoju rolnictwa
Measurement of the Multiplier in the Development of Agriculture
Creators: name: Herda-Kopańska, Justyna
name: Herda-Kopańska, Justyna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: measurement of the multiplier
subject: Social Accounting Matrix
subject: input-output model
subject: development of agriculture
subject: pomiar mnożnika
subject: macierz rachunkowości społecznej
subject: model input-output
subject: rozwój rolnictwa

description: The aim of this article was to present a review of research on measuring the multiplier in agricultural development. Firstly, based on the literature of the subject, several selected results of the analyses and the conclusions that emerge from this research are presented. Two methods are further discussed. The first is a social accounting matrix (SAM), which enables calculating the value of multipliers for each country. The second method discussed is the input-output model, which includes the IMPLAN model. This method allows estimating regional input-output tables, calculating multipliers, and analysing the impact of industry. The presented results indicate that in smaller and more open economies the value of the multiplier is lower than in larger economies. It can also be noted that among researchers there is no agreement concerning the size of the multiplier. / Synopsis. Celem artykułu było zaprezentowanie przeglądu badań na temat pomiaru mnożnika w rozwoju rolnictwa. Na początku, na podstawie literatury przedmiotu, przedstawiono kilka wybranych wyników analiz oraz wnioski, jakie z nich wypływają. Następnie szerzej omówiono dwie metody. Pierwsza z nich to macierz rachunkowości społecznej (SAM), dzięki której można obliczyć wartości mnożników dla poszczególnych krajów. Natomiast druga omówiona metoda to model input-output (przepływów międzygałęziowych), do której zalicza się model IMPLAN. Metoda ta pozwala oszacować regionalne tabele przepływów międzygałęziowych, obliczyć mnożniki oraz dokonać analizy wpływu przemysłu. Zaprezentowane wyniki badań pozwalają stwierdzić, że w gospodarkach mniejszych, które są bardziej otwarte, wielkość mnożnika jest niższa niż w gospodarkach większych. Można również zauważyć, że wśród badaczy nie ma zgodności co do wielkości mnożników.
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2018.18.1.4
Congressional decision-making: An integrated model of political interaction between members of Congress, constituents, and interest groups
Creators: name: Lotwis, Mark Andrew
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The traditional political science literature about legislative decision-making has often theorized about or tested for only a few of the major concepts thought to influence Members of Congress (Members) as they make decisions: parties, ideology, and constituents. Other researchers have focused on the efforts of interest groups, especially through their political action committee (PAC) donations, to influence Members. This focus on parties, ideology and constituency by one group of congressional scholars and interest group contributions by others left both sides wanting for an integrated approach. Both clusters of research, with notable exceptions, ignore other primary methods used by groups to influence legislative voting such as direct lobbying and mobilizing grass roots constituent activity. Authors of those studies generally ignore Members' predisposition to vote in accord with their past decisions as well. Additionally, the personal convictions of Members, represented by their own personal experience and beliefs, has only been addressed by a few scholars. This research proposes an integrated model of congressional decision-making which explicitly models and tests the impact of different constituencies, interest group campaign contributions and lobbying efforts, past Member behavior, and Member specific characteristics. By estimating the effect of all theoretically relevant determinants of Member voting simultaneously, an evaluation of congressional decision-making in an unbiased and systematic manner is possible. This integrated model of congressional decision-making was estimated in the context of the highly visible gun policy sub-system containing major interest groups such as the National Rifle Association and Handgun Control, Inc. The findings show that Members do perceive pro-gun re-election constituencies as suggested by Fenno (1978), and are influenced by them to vote pro-gun. Elite group activities, including PAC contributions and lobbying, were also found to be significant determinants of Members' behavior. The NRA's direct lobbying efforts and PAC contributions convinced Members to vote pro-gun. However, their lobbying of Members with moderate constituencies was shown to backfire, as these Members voted to support gun control. Personal self-interest, ideology of Members, and prior voting history on the issue were also shown to be strong influences on Member decision-making.
Zasady wykorzystania środków z Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2014-2020 do termomodernizacji gospodarstw rolnych
Rules of Using Rural Development Programme Funds for the Years 2014-2020 for Thermo-Modernisation of Agricultural Farms
Creators: name: Huterska, Agnieszka
name: Łapińska, Justyna
name: Zdunek-Rosa, Ewa
name: Huterska, Agnieszka
name: Łapińska, Justyna
name: Zdunek-Rosa, Ewa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: agricultural farm
subject: thermo-modernisation
subject: EU funds
subject: gospodarstwo rolne
subject: termomodernizacja
subject: fundusze unijne

description: The aim of the article is to present the possible support of agricultural farms in investments enabling their thermo-modernisation within the Rural Development Programme (PROW) for the years 2014-2020. The analysis of the available literature on the subject and legal acts, both ones of the European Union and national ones regulating the discussed issue, was chosen as a research method. A comparison was also made between the number and value of contracted operations and the value of payments made within PROW 2007-2013 and PROW 2014-2020. The analysis of the aforementioned legal acts allowed indicating the abilities to support the fulfilment of thermo-modernisation undertakings in agricultural farms from the EU funds, and the analysis of empirical data enabled an evaluation of both programmes in terms of the implementation rate of the activity when compared with all the activities available within PROW. / Synopsis. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwego wsparcia gospodarstw rolnych w inwestycjach umożliwiających ich termomodernizację w ramach Programu Rozwoju Obszarów Wiejskich na lata 2014-2020. Główną metodą badawczą zastosowaną w pracy była analiza dostępnej literatury przedmiotu oraz aktów prawnych, zarówno unijnych, jak i krajowych regulujących poruszane w pracy zagadnienie. Przeprowadzono także porównanie liczby i wartości zakontraktowanych operacji oraz wartości zrealizowanych płatności w ramach PROW 2007-2013 i PROW 2014-2020. Analiza uregulowań prawnych pozwoliła na wskazanie możliwości wsparcia realizacji przedsięwzięć termomodernizacyjnych w gospodarstwach rolnych ze środków unijnych, natomiast analiza danych empirycznych pozwoliła ocenić oba programy pod kątem stopnia realizacji badanego działania na tle wszystkich działań dostępnych w ramach PROW.
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2018.18.1.5
Frontiers in Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Anchordoqui, Luis A.
name: Dermer, Charles D.
name: Ringwald, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This rapporteur review covers selected results presented in the Parallel Session HEA2 (High Energy Astrophysics 2) of the 10th Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July 2003. The subtopics are: ultra high energy cosmic ray anisotropies, the possible connection of these energetic particles with powerful gamma ray bursts, and new exciting scenarios with a strong neutrino-nucleon interaction in the atmosphere.
description: 20 pages, 8 eps figures. Rapporteur Review of the Parallel Session: High Energy Astrophysics 2; to appear in Proceedings of the Tenth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity, edited by M. Novello, S. Perez-Bergliaffa and R. Ruffini, World Scientific, Singapore, 2005. (MGX Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, July, 2003)
Poecilonota cyanipes
Creators: name: Hallinen, Marie J.
name: Steffens, Wayne P.
name: Schultz, Jennifer L.
name: Aukema, Brian H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Buprestidae
Poecilonota
Poecilonota cyanipes

description: 101. Poecilonota cyanipes (Say, 1823)
 County Records (n = 91): Aitkin, Anoka, Chisago, Cook, Crow Wing, Dakota, Goodhue, Lake, Polk, Ramsey, Stearns, and Washington.
Collection Dates: 12 June–16 August.
 Minnesota Hosts: Collected on Populus sp. Larval hosts recorded as P. deltoides, P. grandidentata, P. tremuloides, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Salix nigra.
 Collection Method: On Populus sp. and as C. fumipennis prey.
description: Published as part of Hallinen, Marie J., Steffens, Wayne P., Schultz, Jennifer L. & Aukema, Brian H., 2021, The Buprestidae (Coleoptera) of Minnesota, with a Discussion of the Emerald Ash Borer, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, pp. 173-190 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 75 (1) on page 185, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-75.1.173, http://zenodo.org/record/4837088
A comparative study of the extent of support for certain budget-balancing measures among a sample of administrator, faculty and student constituents in Maryland public community colleges
Creators: name: Mallick, Jr., Edgar Eugene
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of support among a sample of community college administrators, faculty and credit students for certain budget-balancing measures. The study sample consisted of 82 administrators, 119 faculty and 185 credit students randomly selected from seven Maryland public community colleges. In late Spring of 1993, each participant completed the Personal Data Sheet (PDS) and the Budget Balancing Strategy Inventory (BBSI) instruments developed by the researcher specifically for this study. The PDS requested six items of census data about each participant. The BBSI asked each participant to indicate his/her extent of support on a modified Likert numerical scale for each of 27 budget-balancing actions classified in subcategories of Staffing, Cost Containment and Revenue Enhancement. Five research questions were addressed in this study. F-tests were performed to determine significant (p $\le$.05) differences between the variable, constituent group, and each budget-balancing measure. The study confirmed earlier research that revenue enhancement measures were most popular and staffing measures least popular in community college budget reductions. Specific research conclusions were that (a) Maryland community colleges can initiate or intensify efforts to increase revenues generated from external sources and expect to receive "average" to above "strong" support from each constituent group included in the study, (b) credit students were generally opposed to any actions that would increase their "out-of-pocket" costs of education, (c) the study sample considered fiscal constraint a long-term condition and that each constituent group would lend above "average" support for systematic program and service review processes as a means of on-going cost reduction, (d) the constituent groups would lend above "average" support to early retirement programs, and (e) the study sample considered the 15 credit hour per semester teaching load for full-time faculty to be an appropriate level of work at current rates of compensation.
Ocena sytuacji towarowych gospodarstw rolnych państw UE z wykorzystaniem metod porządkowania liniowego
Evaluation of the Situation of Commercial Farms of EU Countries Using Linear Ordering Methods
Creators: name: Kisielińska, Joanna
name: Kisielińska, Joanna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: commercial farms
subject: methods of linear ordering
subject: towarowe gospodarstwa rolnicze
subject: metody porządkowania liniowego

description: The aim of the research presented in the article was assessment of the commodity situation of farms in EU countries, which was determined by potential, land use and labor. The goal was achieved using linear ordering methods. An additional, methodical aim, was comparison of different weight selection methods in the aggregation formula. It turned out that the best is the condition of farms in The Netherlands and in highly developed Western European countries. Among post-communist countries, the condition of farms in the Czech Republic and Slovakia is good. In a weak situation, there are commodity farms from Southern Europe and other post-communist countries. Poland ranked 23rd. / Synopsis. Celem badań przedstawionych w artykule była ocena sytuacji towarowych gospodarstw rolnych w krajach UE, którą określano poprzez potencjał, wykorzystanie ziemi oraz pracy. Cel zrealizowano wykorzystując metody porządkowania liniowego. Celem dodatkowym, o charakterze metodyczny, było porównanie różnych metod doboru wag w formule agregacyjnej. Okazało się, że najlepszy jest stan gospodarstw holenderskich oraz w wysoko rozwiniętych krajach Europy Zachodniej. Spośród krajów postkomunistycznych dobry jest stan gospodarstw w Czechach i na Słowacji. W sytuacji słabej znajdują się gospodarstwa towarowe z Europy Południowej i z pozostałych państw postkomunistycznych. Polska w sporządzonym rankingu znalazła się na dalekiej 23 pozycji.
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2018.18.1.6
Phantom Field and the Fate of Universe
Creators: name: Sami, M.
name: Toporensky, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we analyze the cosmological dynamics of phantom field in a variety of potentials unbounded from above. We demonstrate that the nature of future evolution generically depends upon the steepness of the phantom potential and discuss the fate of Universe accordingly.
description: RevTeX4, 5 pages and 3 eps figures; references updated
Functionality-preserving Black-box Optimization of Adversarial Windows Malware
Creators: name: Demetrio, Luca
name: Biggio, Battista
name: Lagorio, Giovanni
name: Roli, Fabio
name: Armando, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Windows malware detectors based on machine learning are vulnerable to adversarial examples, even if the attacker is only given black-box query access to the model. The main drawback of these attacks is that: (i) they are query-inefficient, as they rely on iteratively applying random transformations to the input malware; and (ii) they may also require executing the adversarial malware in a sandbox at each iteration of the optimization process, to ensure that its intrusive functionality is preserved. In this paper, we overcome these issues by presenting a novel family of black-box attacks that are both query-efficient and functionality-preserving, as they rely on the injection of benign content - which will never be executed - either at the end of the malicious file, or within some newly-created sections. Our attacks are formalized as a constrained minimization problem which also enables optimizing the trade-off between the probability of evading detection and the size of the injected payload. We empirically investigate this trade-off on two popular static Windows malware detectors, and show that our black-box attacks can bypass them with only few queries and small payloads, even when they only return the predicted labels. We also evaluate whether our attacks transfer to other commercial antivirus solutions, and surprisingly find that they can evade, on average, more than 12 commercial antivirus engines. We conclude by discussing the limitations of our approach, and its possible future extensions to target malware classifiers based on dynamic analysis.
A comparative study of the extent of support for certain budget-balancing measures among a sample of administrator, faculty and student constituents in Maryland public community colleges
Creators: name: Mallick, Jr., Edgar Eugene
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of support among a sample of community college administrators, faculty and credit students for certain budget-balancing measures. The study sample consisted of 82 administrators, 119 faculty and 185 credit students randomly selected from seven Maryland public community colleges. In late Spring of 1993, each participant completed the Personal Data Sheet (PDS) and the Budget Balancing Strategy Inventory (BBSI) instruments developed by the researcher specifically for this study. The PDS requested six items of census data about each participant. The BBSI asked each participant to indicate his/her extent of support on a modified Likert numerical scale for each of 27 budget-balancing actions classified in subcategories of Staffing, Cost Containment and Revenue Enhancement. Five research questions were addressed in this study. F-tests were performed to determine significant (p $\le$.05) differences between the variable, constituent group, and each budget-balancing measure. The study confirmed earlier research that revenue enhancement measures were most popular and staffing measures least popular in community college budget reductions. Specific research conclusions were that (a) Maryland community colleges can initiate or intensify efforts to increase revenues generated from external sources and expect to receive "average" to above "strong" support from each constituent group included in the study, (b) credit students were generally opposed to any actions that would increase their "out-of-pocket" costs of education, (c) the study sample considered fiscal constraint a long-term condition and that each constituent group would lend above "average" support for systematic program and service review processes as a means of on-going cost reduction, (d) the constituent groups would lend above "average" support to early retirement programs, and (e) the study sample considered the 15 credit hour per semester teaching load for full-time faculty to be an appropriate level of work at current rates of compensation.
Duality in Non-Additive Expected Utility Theory
Creators: name: Gilboa, Itzhak
name: Gilboa, Itzhak
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: Some duality problems in expected utility theory, raised by the introduction of non—additive probabilities, are examined. Characterization of the probability measures, for which these problems do not arise, leads to an argument in favor of addivity.