cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dark spherical shell solitons in three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates: Existence, stability and dynamics
Creators: name: Wang, Wenlong
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Carretero-Gonzalez, R.
name: Frantzeskakis, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study spherical shell dark soliton states in three-dimensional atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. Their symmetry is exploited in order to analyze their existence, as well as that of topologically charged variants of the structures, and, importantly, to identify their linear stability Bogolyubov-de Gennes spectrum. We compare our effective 1D spherical and 2D cylindrical computations with the full 3D numerics. An important conclusion is that such spherical shell solitons can be stable sufficiently close to the linear limit of the isotropic condensates considered herein. We have also identified their instabilities leading to the emergence of vortex line and vortex ring cages. In addition, we generalize effective particle pictures of lower dimensional dark solitons and ring dark solitons to the spherical shell solitons concerning their equilibrium radius and effective dynamics around it. In this case too, we favorably compare the resulting predictions such as the shell equilibrium radius, qualitatively and quantitatively, with full numerical solutions in 3D.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, for movie go to: http://nonlinear.sdsu.edu/~carreter/DSS.html
Temperature - Pressure phase diagram of the cubic Laves phase Au$_2$Pb
Creators: name: Chen, K. W.
name: Graf, D.
name: Besara, T.
name: Gallagher, A.
name: Kikugawa, N.
name: Balicas, L.
name: Siegrist, T.
name: Shekhter, A.
name: Baumbach, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temperature ($T$) as a function of pressure ($P$) phase diagram is reported for the cubic Laves phase compound Au$_2$Pb, which was recently proposed to support linearly dispersing "topological" bands, together with conventional quadratic bands. At ambient pressure, Au$_2$Pb exhibits several structural phase transitions at $T_1$ $=$ 97 K, $T_2$ $=$ 51 K, and $T_3$ $=$ 40 K with superconductivity below $T_{\rm{c}}$ $=$ 1.2 K. Applied pressure results in a rich phase diagram where $T_1$, $T_2$, and $T_3$ evolve strongly with $P$ and a new phase is stabilized for $P$ $>$ 0.64 GPa that also supports superconductivity below 1.1 K. These observations suggest that Au$_2$Pb is an ideal system in which to investigate the relationship between structural degrees of freedom, band topology, and resulting anomalous behaviors.
Characterization of the Glycerol Organosolv Pretreatment of Sugarcane Bagasse
Creators: name: Sun, F.F.
name: Wang, L.
name: Ren, J.
name: Du, F.
name: Hu, J.G.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Shen, S.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: enzymatic hydrolysis; lignocellulose; sugar cane bagasse; pretreatment
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: Previous work has demonstrated that glycerol organosolv pretreatment can greatly improve the hydrolyzability of various potential lignocellulosic biomass feedstock, sacrificing few polysaccharides during the pretreatment process. This pretreatment strategy is ideal to integrate a commercially successful lignocellulosic and vegetable oil biorefinery industry. However, the pretreatment mechanism has not as yet been elucidated.In this article, an atmospheric aqueous glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreatment (AAGAOP) developed at 220oCfor 2 hr in a 70% aqueous glycerol solution removed 65% lignin and 70% hemicellulose from the sugarcane bagasse, simultaneously with a high cellulose reservation of 95%. Pretreated substrates presented an outstanding hydrolyzability, achieving 90% of the 24 hr enzymatic hydrolysis. With a physicochemical analysis at multidimensional scales, it was demonstrated that the AAGAOP structure chemically modified the lignocellulosic substrate by opening up therecalcitrant architecture of sugarcane bagasse atdifferent scales (macro-, micro- and nano-meter levels), disrupting some of the non-cellulosic components (i.e., lignin, hemicellulose, lignin-carbohydrate complex, and acetyl group), dissolving/relocating the lignin, dissociating the key chemical inter- and intramolecular bonds, and transforming the crystalline cellulose Iβ to paracrystalline or amorphous cellulose. Thereafter, the pretreatment significantly improved the accessibility of cellulose to cellulase enzymes within the pretreated biomass.The glycerol organosolv pretreatment is a promising candidate for the current pretreatment.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
The intercalation chemistry of layered iron chalcogenide superconductors
Creators: name: Vivanco, Hector K.
name: Rodriguez, Efrain E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The iron chalcogenides FeSe and FeS are superconductors composed of two-dimensional sheets held together by van der Waals interactions, which makes them prime candidates for the intercalation of various guest species. We review the intercalation chemistry of FeSe and FeS superconductors and discuss their synthesis, structure, and physical properties. Before we review the latest work in this area, we provide a brief background on the intercalation chemistry of other inorganic materials that exhibit enhanced superconducting properties upon intercalation, which include the transition metal dichalcogenides, fullerenes, and layered cobalt oxides. From past studies of these intercalated superconductors, we discuss the role of the intercalates in terms of charge doping, structural distortions, and Fermi surface reconstruction. We also briefly review the physical and chemical properties of the host materials---mackinawite-type FeS and $β$-FeSe. The three types of intercalates for the iron chalcogenides can be placed in three categories: 1.) alkali and alkaline earth cations intercalated through the liquid ammonia technique; 2.) cations intercalated with organic amines such as ethylenediamine; and 3.) layered hydroxides intercalated during hydrothermal conditions. A recurring theme in these studies is the role of the intercalated guest in electron doping the chalcogenide host and in enhancing the two-dimensionality of the electronic structure by spacing the FeSe layers apart. We end this review discussing possible new avenues in the intercalation chemistry of transition metal monochalcogenides, and the promise of these materials as a unique set of new inorganic two-dimensional systems.
Construction and Test of the Precision Drift Chambers for the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer
Creators: name: Bauer, F.
name: Blum, W.
name: Bratzler, U.
name: Dietl, H.
name: Kotov, S.
name: Kroha, H.
name: Lagouri, Th.
name: Manz, A.
name: Ostapchuk, A.
name: Richter, R.
name: Schael, S.
name: Chouridou, S.
name: Deile, M.
name: Kortner, O.
name: Staude, A.
name: Stroehmer, R.
name: Trefzger, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) chambers for the muon spectrometer of the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) consist of 3-4 layers of pressurised drift tubes on either side of a space frame carrying an optical deformation monitoring system. The chambers have to provide a track position resolution of 40 microns with a single-tube resolution of at least 80 microns and a sense wire positioning accu- racy of 20 ?microns (rms). The feasibility was demonstrated with the full-scale prototype of one of the largest MDT chambers with 432 drift tubes of 3.8 m length. For the ATLAS muon spectrometer, 88 chambers of this type have to be built. The first chamber has been completed with a wire positioning accuracy of 14 microns (rms).
Wheat Straw Hydrolytic Pretreatment Using Maleic Acid to Enhance Ethanol Production from Sugars
Creators: name: Sidiras, D.K.
name: Politi, D.V.
name: Katsamas, G.N.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: bioethanol; biorefinery; straw; pretreatment; hydrolysis; biobased products
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: In this work, the acid hydrolysis of wheat straw was studied using a batch reactor. The hydrolysis was catalyzed by 0.01-0.09 M maleic acid for 0-50 min at 140-180 oC. The kinetics of the hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses were simulated by a new model. This model incorporates the acidity of the liquid phase as affected by the acids produced within the complex network of reactions and by the neutralization due to the wheat straw ash content. Moreover, the pH and the temperature profile during the process was incorporated using a new modified severity factor R0*. The model parameters were calculated using non-linear regression analysis. Process parameters investigated herein include variation in reaction temperature profile, maleic acid concentration and reaction initial and ending pH. The optimum reaction conditions resulting to maximum sugars yield were estimated according to the proposed simulation model. For log R0*=1.971 (0.05 M maleic acid, 180 oC, 25 min) up to 18.2% w/w total glucose on cellulose basis, 91.0% w/w total xylose on xylan basis and 44.4% w/w total sugars on polysaccharides basis were obtained. The monosaccharides and oligosaccharides produced can be fermented to bioethanol or used for the production of high added value biobased chemicals.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Das Fest als Zeichen und Vorweg- nahme der endgültigen Gemeinschaft
Creators: name: Debuyst, Frédéric
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 4 Nr. 11 (1968): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 4, Heft 11
title: Making the Invisible Audible: A Simple Sound‐Emitting Water Level Meter
Creators: name: Michelsen, Nils
Publisher: name: Wiley Blackwell
Year: 2023

description: “Groundwater: Making the invisible visible” is the theme of the World Water Day 2022 and the title of the corresponding UN World Water Development Report (United Nations 2022). It describes our dilemma quite well: Groundwater is of vital importance, but being hidden, it is out of sight and out of mind. Hence, current efforts aim at increasing the awareness for this undervalued resource.
The {\it ab initio} calculation of spectra of open shell diatomic molecules
Creators: name: Tennyson, Jonathan
name: Lodi, Lorenzo
name: McKemmish, Laura K.
name: Yurchenko, Sergei N
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectra (rotational, rotation-vibrational or electronic) of diatomic molecules due to transitions involving only closed-shell ($^1Σ$) electronic states follow very regular, simple patterns and their theoretical analysis is usually straightforward. On the other hand, open-shell electronic states lead to more complicated spectral patterns and, moreover, often appear as a manifold of closely lying electronic states, leading to perturbations with even larger complexity. This is especially true when at least one of the atoms is a transition metal. Traditionally these complex cases have been analysed using approaches based on perturbation theory, with semi-empirical parameters determined by fitting to spectral data. Recently the needs of two rather diverse scientific areas have driven the demand for improved theoretical models of open-shell diatomic systems based on an \emph{ab initio} approach, these areas are ultracold chemistry and the astrophysics of "cool" stars, brown dwarfs and most recently extrasolar planets. However, the complex electronic structure of these molecules combined with the accuracy requirements of high-resolution spectroscopy render such an approach particularly challenging. This review describes recent progress in developing methods for directly solving the effective Schrödinger equation for open-shell diatomic molecules, with a focus on molecules containing a transtion metal. It considers four aspects of the problem: 1. The electronic structure problem, 2. Non-perturbative treatments of the curve couplings, 3. The solution of the nuclear motion Schrödinger equation, 4. The generation of accurate electric dipole transition intensities. Examples of applications are used to illustrate these issues.
description: Topical Review
Conversion Routes to Cellulosic Alcohol - Proving Second Generation Processes in Practical Demonstration
Creators: name: Lehr, M.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: efficiency; energy; ethanol; cellulosic; downstream
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: -
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
DISTRIBUTED MACHINE LEARNING OVER LARGE-SCALE NETWORKS
Creators: name: Lin, Frank
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2023
Subjects: Network engineering
Wireless communication systems and technologies (incl. microwave and millimetrewave)
Signal processing
Modelling and simulation
Planning and decision making
Knowledge representation and reasoning
Optimisation
Numerical analysis

description: The swift emergence and wide-ranging utilization of machine learning (ML) across various industries, including healthcare, transportation, and robotics, have underscored the escalating need for efficient, scalable, and privacy-preserving solutions. Recognizing this, we present an integrated examination of three novel frameworks, each addressing different aspects of distributed learning and privacy issues: Two Timescale Hybrid Federated Learning (TT-HF), Delay-Aware Federated Learning (DFL), and Differential Privacy Hierarchical Federated Learning (DP-HFL). TT-HF introduces a semi-decentralized architecture that combines device-to-server and device-to-device (D2D) communications. Devices execute multiple stochastic gradient descent iterations on their datasets and sporadically synchronize model parameters via D2D communications. A unique adaptive control algorithm optimizes step size, D2D communication rounds, and global aggregation period to minimize network resource utilization and achieve a sublinear convergence rate. TT-HF outperforms conventional FL approaches in terms of model accuracy, energy consumption, and resilience against outages. DFL focuses on enhancing distributed ML training efficiency by accounting for communication delays between edge and cloud. It also uses multiple stochastic gradient descent iterations and periodically consolidates model parameters via edge servers. The adaptive control algorithm for DFL mitigates energy consumption and edge-to-cloud latency, resulting in faster global model convergence, reduced resource consumption, and robustness against delays. Lastly, DP-HFL is introduced to combat privacy vulnerabilities in FL. Merging the benefits of FL and Hierarchical Differential Privacy (HDP), DP-HFL significantly reduces the need for differential privacy noise while maintaining model performance, exhibiting an optimal privacy-performance trade-off. Theoretical analysis under both convex and nonconvex loss functions confirms DP-HFL’s effectiveness regarding convergence speed, privacy performance trade-off, and potential performance enhancement with appropriate network configuration. In sum, the study thoroughly explores TT-HF, DFL, and DP-HFL, and their unique solutions to distributed learning challenges such as efficiency, latency, and privacy concerns. These advanced FL frameworks have considerable potential to further enable effective, efficient, and secure distributed learning.
Enzymatic Saccharification and Ethanol Fermentation of Hazelnut Shells with Low Temperature Alkali Pretreatment
Creators: name: Hoşgün, E.Z.
name: Berikten, D.
name: Bozan, B.
name: Kivaç, M.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: bioethanol; enzymatic hydrolysis; fermentation; lignocellulose
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: In this study, the effect of alkali catalyzed, low temperature chemical pretreatment on the enzymatic hydrolysis of hazelnut shells and ethanol yields were investigated. Low temperature treatment of hazelnut shells was performed in a water bath at 30°C for 1 to 4 day with NaOH (2.25%-10%, w/v) and at different solid:liquid ratios (1:5-1:10-1:20-1:40). The pretreated solid was used as the substrate for enzymatic hydrolysis. Supernatants from enzymatic hydrolysis were used for ethanol fermentation. For this purpose, Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain was used as yeast. This study showed that pretreatment time at 30°C was effective in improving the overall process efficiency (OPE, mg ethanol/g dried biomass) for ethanol production. Maximum process efficiency after 3 days pretreatment was 34.35 mg/g. With increasing total alkali loading from 2.25 to 6% at the same temperature, and pretreatment time (30°C, 3 days) OPE increased significantly. Solid to liquid ratio had a little effect on the product efficiency. Maximum OPE was obtained at the pretreatment conditions of 6% NaOH, 1:10 solid to liquid ratio, 30°C and for 3 days. At these conditions, theoretical ethanol yield (ethanol produced/potential glucose in biomass) was 40.71%, overall process efficiency was 37.73 mg/g, ethanol productivity, and fermentation efficiency were 0.12 (g/L h) and 96.68%, respectively.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Periodically driven DNA: Theory and simulation
Creators: name: Kumar, Sanjay
name: Kumar, Ravinder
name: Janke, Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a generic model of driven DNA under the influence of an oscillatory force of amplitude $F$ and frequency $ν$ and show the existence of a dynamical transition for a chain of finite length. We find that the area of the hysteresis loop, $A_{\rm loop}$, scales with the same exponents as observed in a recent study based on a much more detailed model. However, towards the true thermodynamic limit, the high-frequency scaling regime extends to lower frequencies for larger chain length $L$ and the system has only one scaling ($A_{\rm loop} \approx ν^{-1}F^2)$. Expansion of an analytical expression for $A_{\rm loop}$ obtained for the model system in the low-force regime revealed that there is a new scaling exponent associated with force ($A_{\rm loop} \approx ν^{-1}F^{2.5}$), which has been validated by high-precision numerical calculation. By a combination of analytical and numerical arguments, we also deduce that for large but finite $L$, the exponents are robust and independent of temperature and friction coefficient.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures Physical Review E (2016) (R) (Accepted)
Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Hazelnut Shells into Xylose and Furfural
Creators: name: Tunç, E.
name: Hoşgün, E.Z.
name: Bozan, B.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: biomass; biorefining; lignocelluloses; hydrolysis
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: In this study, the effect of hydrothermal pretreatment (hydrolysis) of hazelnut shells at different temperatures and times on the xylose and furfural yield were investigated. Production of furfural from hydrothermal pretreated hazelnut shells started at 160°C for 15 minutes. The temperature and time was effective on furfural production. The highest furfural production was 1.25 mg/ ml which was obtained at 200°C for 30 minutes. Xylose and acetic acid also showed a similar behavior to furfural. Acetic acid production had a peak (3.25 mg/ml) at 200°C for 30 minutes. The maximum xylose production was found as 1.36 mg/ml at 200°C for 15 minutes.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Swarming in viscous fluids: three-dimensional patterns in swimmer- and force-induced flows
Creators: name: Chuang, Yao-Li
name: D'Orsogna, M. R.
name: Chou, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We derive from first principles a three-dimensional theory of self-propelled particle swarming in a viscous fluid environment. Our model predicts emergent collective behavior that depends critically on fluid opacity, mechanism of self-propulsion, and type of particle-particle interaction. In "clear fluids" swimmers have full knowledge of their surroundings and can adjust their velocities with respect to the lab frame, while in "opaque fluids," they control their velocities only in relation to the local fluid flow. We also show that "social" interactions that affect only a particle's propensity to swim towards or away from neighbors induces a flow field that is qualitatively different from the long-ranged flow fields generated by direct "physical" interactions. The latter can be short-ranged but lead to much longer-ranged fluid-mediated hydrodynamic forces, effectively amplifying the range over which particles interact. These different fluid flows conspire to profoundly affect swarm morphology, kinetically stabilizing or destabilizing swarm configurations that would arise in the absence of fluid. Depending upon the overall interaction potential, the mechanism of swimming (e.g., pushers or pullers), and the degree of fluid opaqueness, we discover a number of new collective three-dimensional patterns including flocks with prolate or oblate shapes, recirculating peloton-like structures, and jet-like fluid flows that entrain particles mediating their escape from the center of mill-like structures. Our results reveal how the interplay among general physical elements influence fluid-mediated interactions and the self-organization, mobility, and stability of new three-dimensional swarms and suggest how they might be used to kinetically control their collective behavior.
High-Temperature Dilute-Acid Hydrolysis of Hazelnut Shells for Xylose and Furfural Production
Creators: name: Hoşgün, E.Z.
name: Ürey, S.
name: Bozan, B.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: biomass; biorefining; lignocellulose; hydrolysis
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: In this study, the effect of dilute acid catalyzed, high temperature pretreatment of hazelnut shells at different temperatures (120, 160, 200°C) and reaction times (0, 10, 30 minute) on the xylose and furfural yield were investigated. Xylose production decreased with increasing temperature from 120 to 200°C, due to conversion of xylose to other substances (especially furfural). Maximum xylose production (12.02 mg/ml) was observed when hazelnut shells were hydrolyzed at 120°C for 10 minutes duration time in 1% sulphuric acid solution. Under these conditions, the contents of furfural, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, acetic acid and glycerol were found as 0.29 mg/mL, 0.024 mg/mL, 2.21 mg/mL and 0.29 mg/mL respectively. Although, increasing temperature from 120 to 160°C resulted in some positive effects on furfural production, the xylose production was decreased. Furfural production was maximized (2.88 mg/mL) at the 160°C for 30 minutes duration time in 1% sulphuric acid solution.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Production of Isobutanol and 3-methyl-1-butanol by Engineered Escherichia.Coli
Creators: name: Chen, X.
name: Xu, J.
name: Yuan, Z.
name: Xiao, S
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Liang, C.
name: He, M.
name: Guo, Y.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: alternative fuel; biofuel; biotechnology; clones; enzyme
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: -
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Preparation of Pd-In/C Bimetallic Catalysts Preparation and its Application on Catechol Phenols of Pyrolysis Bio-oil Hydrotreatment
Creators: name: Fu, Y.
name: Chang, J.
name: Zheng, X.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: biofuel; upgrading; catalyst
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: Pyrolyisis  bio-oil cannot be directly used as a transportation fuel without prior upgrading. Usually hydrotreating is used in upgrading pyrolysis bio-oil to improve the quality. Active component of common bio-oil hydrogenation catalyst include Pt, Pd, Ru etc. Metallic indium was induced as a cheap substitute for the expensive Pd catalyst . The bimetallic catalyst of Pd-In/C was prepared by means of wet impregnation. The desired catalyst was obtained under the conditions of pH = 6.0, 500r/min, 90min and 100℃. And the desired catalyst was used to hydrogenate catechol at the conditions of 200℃, 5.0MPa H2, 2.0h and 0.25g Pd-In/C. After reaction, the catechol phenols of pyrolysis bio-oil could be completely converted into alcoholic compounds. The effective In promotion is most probably related to the formation of a new alloy phase or intermetallic Pd and In compound. The bimetallic catalyst  Pd-In/C provides a new choice for bio-oil hydrogenation.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Kinetic Analysis on Pyrolysis of Corn Straw Fermentation Residue
Creators: name: Ma, R.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Song, W.
name: Zhang, Z.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: biomass; fermentation; kinetic; pyrolysis; TGA; residues
subject: 4. Biomass technologies and applications III: biofuels and future transportation energy

description: Lignocellulose fermentation residue (FR) is a lignin-rich biomass material, which can be widely obtained as a solid waste from a fuel ethanol producing process. In this paper, kinetic analysis on the pyrolysis of FR was conducted through Coats-Redfern method via the instrument of thermal gravimetric analyzer. It was found that the pyrolysis of FR showed three weight loss stages: the stage from 30oC to 180oC could be attributed to the dehydration and degas process; the stage from 180oC to 700oC was the main pyrolysis of organics; the stage from 700oC to 900oC was due to a decomposition of minerals. Nine kinetic equations were tried for most probable mechanic model searching, while none of the models can be used to describe the whole process in the temperature from 150oC to 700oC, indicating that the pyrolysis is not a single mechanic process. In the range of conversion rate from 10% to 50%, the reaction is most probably a diffusion controlled process, with an increasing activation energy varied from 37.8 kJ/mol to 41.3 kJ/mol with increasing heating rate. In the range from 50% to 75%, a less satisfactory R2 value no higher than 90.1% was given by the model of D3, and therefore tests on more models are necessary still.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Development and Commercialization of Lignocellulose-Based Biorefinery Technology in Taiwan
Creators: name: Chen, C.
name: Hwang, W.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: biomass; biorefinery; biobased chemical; cellulosic ethanol
subject: 5. Biomass utilization: strategies and sustainability

description: -
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Aqueous Pretreatments as a Key Process to Enhance the Hydrolysability of Kenaf Core Fibre for Sugar Production
Creators: name: Tye, Y.Y.
name: Leh, C.P.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: enzymatic hydrolysis; pretreatment; glucose; kenaf core fibre; oxygen-alkali extraction
subject: 5. Biomass utilization: strategies and sustainability

description: In this work, kenaf core fibre was introduced as a potential raw material for cellulosic alcohol production. To be more in line with the environmentally friendly approach, only pretreatment with minimum energy or chemical consumption was considered and applied prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis of kenaf core fibre. Thus, simple pretreatments (water, acid and alkali as media) with and without oxygen-alkali extraction process were employed and investigated in this study. Based on the obtained results, by adopting merely simple pretreatments, the total glucose yields of all the pretreated fibres were increased. On the other hand, it was interesting to note that when these pretreated fibres were further treated by oxygen-alkali extraction, the total glucose yields were increased remarkably to more than double of the one without extraction. The chemical composition analysis indicated that this phenomenon was related to the high removal of lignin and/or hemicellulose coupled with only little degradation of cellulose (<2.5%) in the fibre. Hence, oxygen-alkali extraction was an effective method that could enhance the enzymatic accessibility and hydrolysability of fibre.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Potential Application of Digested Sludge-Degrading Microbes to Biogas Production
Creators: name: Fujii, K.
name: Sato, H.
name: Kuribayashi, K.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: biogas; fungicides; hydrogen; methane; hydrolase
subject: 5. Biomass utilization: strategies and sustainability

description: -
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
The PROSPECT Physics Program
Creators: name: Ashenfelter, J.
name: Balantekin, B.
name: Band, H. R.
name: Barclay, G.
name: Bass, C. D.
name: Berish, D.
name: Bowden, N. S.
name: Bowes, A.
name: Bryan, C. D.
name: Brodsky, J. P.
name: Cherwinka, J. J.
name: Chu, R.
name: Classen, T.
name: Commeford, K.
name: Davee, D.
name: Dean, D.
name: Deichert, G.
name: Diwan, M. V.
name: Dolinski, M. J.
name: Dolph, J.
name: Gaison, J. K.
name: Galindo-Uribarri, A.
name: Gilje, K.
name: Glenn, A.
name: Goddard, B. W.
name: Green, M.
name: Han, K.
name: Hans, S.
name: Heeger, K. M.
name: Heffron, B.
name: Jaffe, D. E.
name: Jones, D.
name: Langford, T. J.
name: Littlejohn, B. R.
name: Caicedo, D. A. Martinez
name: McKeown, R. D.
name: Mendenhall, M. P.
name: Mueller, P.
name: Mumm, H. P.
name: Napolitano, J.
name: Neilson, R.
name: Norcini, D.
name: Pushin, D.
name: Qian, X.
name: Romero, E.
name: Rosero, R.
name: Seilhan, B. S.
name: Sharma, R.
name: Sheets, S.
name: Surukuchi, P. T.
name: Varner, R. L.
name: Viren, B.
name: Wang, W.
name: White, B.
name: White, C.
name: Wilhelmi, J.
name: Williams, C.
name: Wise, T.
name: Yao, H.
name: Yeh, M.
name: Yen, Y. -R.
name: Zangakis, G.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Zhang, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Precision Reactor Oscillation and Spectrum Experiment, PROSPECT, is designed to make a precise measurement of the antineutrino spectrum from a highly-enriched uranium reactor and probe eV-scale sterile neutrinos by searching for neutrino oscillations over meter-long distances. PROSPECT is conceived as a 2-phase experiment utilizing segmented $^6$Li-doped liquid scintillator detectors for both efficient detection of reactor antineutrinos through the inverse beta decay reaction and excellent background discrimination. PROSPECT Phase I consists of a movable 3-ton antineutrino detector at distances of 7 - 12 m from the reactor core. It will probe the best-fit point of the $ν_e$ disappearance experiments at 4$σ$ in 1 year and the favored region of the sterile neutrino parameter space at $>$3$σ$ in 3 years. With a second antineutrino detector at 15 - 19 m from the reactor, Phase II of PROSPECT can probe the entire allowed parameter space below 10 eV$^{2}$ at 5$σ$ in 3 additional years. The measurement of the reactor antineutrino spectrum and the search for short-baseline oscillations with PROSPECT will test the origin of the spectral deviations observed in recent $θ_{13}$ experiments, search for sterile neutrinos, and conclusively address the hypothesis of sterile neutrinos as an explanation of the reactor anomaly.
description: 21 pages, 21 figures
Der Bischof als Haupt der Ortskirche und Wahrer und Förderer der örtlichen Kirchendisziplin
Creators: name: Corecco, Eugenio
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 4 Nr. 10 (1968): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 4, Heft 10
title: Facile Synthesis of Triptycene‐Azolium Salts and NHC‐Metal Complexes
Creators: name: Kaps, Alexander
name: Plenio, Herbert
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2023

description: The cycloaddition reactions of eleven substituted anthracenes with nosylated quinone imines provides a convenient route to the respective triptycenes. Following re‐aromatization, selective O‐butylation and cleavage of the nosyl‐group the respective triptycene anilines are obtained, which are converted into the respective imidazolium salts according to established procedures. Deprotonation of the imidazolium salts provide new triptycene‐NHC‐metal complexes (M=AuCl, RhCl(cod), IrCl(cod), RhCl(CO)₂, IrCl(CO)₂, PdI₂(py), PtCl₂(py), Pd(allyl)Cl) with unusual ligand sterics.
title: Геодезия и маркшейдерия
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: Практикум содержит задания и методические указания для выполнения практических работ по геодезии и маркшейдерии в нефтяной и газовой промышленности. Описаны методы работы с топографическими картами и маркшейдерскими планами, рассмотрены устройство и принцип работы различных геодезических приборов. Практикум подготовлен с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по специальности 21.05.04 «Горное дело», изучающих дисциплину «Геодезия и маркшейдерия». Может быть использован студентами иных специальностей и направлений, учебными планами которых предусмотрено изучение курсов геодезии и маркшейдерского дела.
Die göttliche Sendung in die Geschichte und die kanonische Sendung
Creators: name: Jiménez Urresti, Teodoro Ignacio
Publisher: name: Concilium
Year: 1970

description: Concilium, Bd. 4 Nr. 10 (1968): Concilium: Internationale Zeitschrift für Theologie, Band 4, Heft 10
Canada's new poet
Creators: name: Dalton, Anne Charlotte, 1865-1938
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Canadian poetry
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/845173
subject: Authors, Canadian
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/821870
subject: Brown, Audrey Alexandra, 1904-1998
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/409826
subject: Canadian literature
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/845111
subject: Dalton, Anne Charlotte, 1865-1938

description: A newspaper clipping by Vancouver writer Anne Charlotte Dalton's reviewing Brown's 1934 volume, A Dryad in Nanaimo.
Nitrogen Enriched Bio-char modified by High Temperature CO2-Ammonia Treatment: Characterization and Adsorption of CO2
Creators: name: Zhang, X.
name: Xie, Y.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Yang, H.
name: Chen, Y.
name: Feng, Y.
name: Wang, X.
name: Chen, H.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: biochar; deashing; CO2-ammonia modification; CO2 adsorption
subject: 5. Biomass utilization: strategies and sustainability

description: -
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Probing a self-assembled fd virus membrane with a microtubule
Creators: name: Xie, Sheng
name: Pelcovits, Robert A.
name: Hagan, Michael F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The self-assembly of highly anisotropic colloidal particles leads to a rich variety of morphologies, whose properties are just beginning to be understood. This article uses computer simulations to probe a particle-scale perturbation of a commonly studied colloidal assembly, a monolayer membrane composed of rodlike fd viruses in the presence of a polymer depletant. Motivated by experiments currently in progress, we simulate the interaction between a microtubule and a monolayer membrane as the microtubule "pokes" and penetrates the membrane face-on. Both the viruses and the microtubule are modeled as hard spherocylinders of the same diameter, while the depletant is modeled using ghost spheres. We find that the force exerted on the microtubule by the membrane is zero either when the microtubule is completely outside the membrane or when it has fully penetrated the membrane. The microtubule is initially repelled by the membrane as it begins to penetrate but experiences an attractive force as it penetrates further. We assess the roles played by translational and rotational fluctuations of the viruses and the osmotic pressure of the polymer depletant. We find that rotational fluctuations play a more important role than the translational ones. The dependence on the osmotic pressure of the depletant of the width and height of the repulsive barrier and the depth of the attractive potential well is consistent with the assumed depletion-induced attractive interaction between the microtubule and viruses. We discuss the relevance of these studies to the experimental investigations. \end{abstract}
description: 18 pages, 7 figures
Analysing the impact of far-out side-lobes on the imaging performance of the SKA-LOW telescope
Creators: name: Mort, Benjamin
name: Dulwich, Fred
name: Razavi-Ghods, Nima
name: Acedo, Eloy de Lera
name: Grainge, Keith
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Square Kilometre Array's Low Frequency instrument (SKA-LOW) will be the most sensitive aperture array ever used for radio astronomy, and will operate in the under-sampled regime for most of the frequency band where grating-lobes pose particular challenges. To achieve the expected level of sensitivity for SKA-LOW, it is particularly important to understand how interfering sources in both near and far side-lobes of the station beam affect the imaging performance. We discuss options for station designs, and adopting a random element layout, we assess its effectiveness by investigating how sources far from the main lobe of the station beam degrade images of the target field. These sources have the effect of introducing a noise-like corruption to images, which we call the Far Side-lobe Source Noise (FSSN). Using OSKAR, a GPU-accelerated software simulator, we carried out end-to-end simulations using an all-sky model and telescope configuration representative of the SKA-LOW instrument. The FSSN is a function of both the station beam and the interferometric point spread function, and decreases with increasing observation time until the coverage of the aperture plane no longer improves. Using apodisation to reduce the level of near-in side-lobes of the station beam had a noticeable improvement on the level of FSSN at low frequencies. Our results indicate that the effects of picking up sources in the side-lobes are worse at low frequencies, where the array is less sparse.
Enhanced Robot Audition Based on Microphone Array Source Separation with Post-Filter
Creators: name: Valin, Jean-Marc
name: Rouat, Jean
name: Michaud, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a system that gives a mobile robot the ability to separate simultaneous sound sources. A microphone array is used along with a real-time dedicated implementation of Geometric Source Separation and a post-filter that gives us a further reduction of interferences from other sources. We present results and comparisons for separation of multiple non-stationary speech sources combined with noise sources. The main advantage of our approach for mobile robots resides in the fact that both the frequency-domain Geometric Source Separation algorithm and the post-filter are able to adapt rapidly to new sources and non-stationarity. Separation results are presented for three simultaneous interfering speakers in the presence of noise. A reduction of log spectral distortion (LSD) and increase of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of approximately 10 dB and 14 dB are observed.
description: 6 pages
What Development for Bioenergy in Asia: A Long-term Analysis of the Effects of Policy Instruments using TIAM-FR model
Creators: name: Kang, S.
name: Selosse, S.
name: Maïzi, N.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: bioenergy; climate change; strategy; action plan; policies
subject: 5. Biomass utilization: strategies and sustainability

description: Asian countries have sharply increased their energy consumption with economic growth, inducing an extremely high dependency on energy fossil due to a low level of energy resources.  In 2011, Asia’s share in global energy consumption reached 40%, of which China, India, Japan and South Korea represented 70%. Furthermore, these countries are ranked among the world’s largest CO2 emitters. Hence, bioenergy is currently being highlighted to diversify the energy mix and to mitigate climate change in these countries. Along with the direct bioenergy promotion policies, a variety of economic policy instruments are introduced as emission trading scheme, carbon and energy taxes. In this study, we estimated the evolution of bioenergy deployment from current energy and climate policies through scenarios analysis using bottom-up energy system optimization model, TIAM-FR, a TIMES family model from ETSAP/IEA. Different scenarios were developed with basis on political instruments in these countries: (1) BAU, (2) Global climate change (50% of world GHG emissions reduction), (3) National GHG mitigation targets from INDCs, (4) National GHG mitigation targets + Bioenergy policy, (5) Carbon tax system. According to the results, the higher is climate constraints, the higher is bioenergy development. Hence, carbon tax system derived the most bioenergy consumption by 2030 followed by global climate change scenario. Current INDCs target is evaluated as not sufficient to promote bioenergy development without renewable energy targets and biofuel blending mandates.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015
Optimization of light yield by injection of the optical filler into the co extruded hole of plastic scintillation bar with WLS fiber in it
Creators: name: Artikov, A.
name: Baranov, V.
name: Budagov, Yu.
name: Chokheli, D.
name: Davydov, Yu.
name: Glagolev, V.
name: Kharzheev, Yu.
name: Kolomoetz, V.
name: Shalugin, A.
name: Simonenko, A.
name: Tereshchenko, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Results of the measurements with cosmic muons for the light yield of 2-meter long extruded scintillation bar (strip) as a function of distance for different options for light collection technique are presented. Scintillation strip cross section geometry was a triangle made on polystyrene plastic scintillator with dopants of 2% PTP and 0.03% POPOP, extruded with 2.6 mm diameter hole and produced at ISMA (Kharkov, Ukraine). It was shown that the insertion of the optical transparent resin (BC 600 or CKTN MED(E)) by special technique into the co-extruded hole with 1.0 mm or 1.2 mm wave-length shifter (WLS) fiber Kuraray Y11 (200) MC in it significantly improves light collection by factor of 1.6...1.9 against of the 'dry' case.
Quadrupole order in the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Takatsu, H.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Kittaka, S.
name: Sakakibara, T.
name: Kadowaki, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the hidden long-range order (LRO) of the frustrated pyrochlore magnet Tb$_2$Ti$_2$O$_7$ by means of specific-heat experiments and Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations, which has been discussed as the LRO of quadrupole moments inherent to the non-Kramers ion of Tb$^{3+}$. We have found that the sharp specific-heat peak is collapsed into a broad hump by magnetic fields above 0.3 T for $H//[001]$. This result, qualitatively reproduced by MC simulations, suggests that a field-induced magnetic state overcomes the quadrupolar LRO state, as a similar case of a classical spin ice. The present results support the interpretation that Tb$_{2+x}$Ti$_{2-x}$O$_{7+y}$ is a unique material in the boundary between the quadrupolar ($x \geq x_c = -0.0025$) and spin-liquid ($x \leq x_c$) states, where the magnetic field along the [001] axis is a tuning parameter which induces the magnetic ordered state.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Eco-Enterprises, Policies and Institutional Setup for RHEES - North East India
Creators: name: Balachandra, P.
name: Mahapatra, S.
name: Baruah, D.C.
name: Chanakya, H.N.
name: Dasappa, S.
Publisher: name: ETA-Florence Renewable Energies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: bioenergy; economics; sustainability; policies; business issue
subject: 5. Biomass utilization: strategies and sustainability

description: The paper presents a possible approach to address India’s formidable challenge of ensuring security of access to modern energy carriers to the majority of its rural population. This study presents a case study of the selection methodology, implementation strategies for setting up Energy Eco-enterprise in North-East, India under RHEES. The RHEES (Rural Hybrid Energy Enterprise Systems) approach aims at designing and implementing a ‘participatory’ process of capturing the perception of rural end-users on all the aspects of energy and associated benefits as well as seeking their inputs for energy access induced empowerment and long-term sustainability. In addition, the paper provides an insight into the profitability of such eco-enterprises using existing business models which support sustainability in renewable energy generation, distribution, use and develop new entrepreneurial modes which prioritize and enable production and fair marketing of value-added by-products as well as carbon credits to local, national and international markets.
description: International Bioenergy (Shanghai) Exhibition and Asian Bioenergy Conference 2015, IBSCE 2015