cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Semi-device-independent framework based on natural physical assumptions
Creators: name: Van Himbeeck, Thomas
name: Woodhead, Erik
name: Cerf, Nicolas J.
name: García-Patrón, Raúl
name: Pironio, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semi-device-independent approach provides a framework for prepare-and-measure quantum protocols using devices whose behavior must not be characterized nor trusted, except for a single assumption on the dimension of the Hilbert space characterizing the quantum carriers. Here, we propose instead to constrain the quantum carriers through a bound on the mean value of a well-chosen observable. This modified assumption is physically better motivated than a dimension bound and closer to the description of actual experiments. In particular, we consider quantum optical schemes where the source emits quantum states described in an infinite-dimensional Fock space and model our assumption as an upper bound on the average photon number in the emitted states. We characterize the set of correlations that may be exhibited in the simplest possible scenario compatible with our new framework, based on two energy-constrained state preparations and a two-outcome measurement. Interestingly, we uncover the existence of quantum correlations exceeding the set of classical correlations that can be produced by devices behaving in a purely pre-determined fashion (possibly including shared randomness). This feature suggests immediate applications to certified randomness generation. Along this line, we analyze the achievable correlations in several prepare-and-measure optical schemes with a mean photon number constraint and demonstrate that they allow for the generation of certified randomness. Our simplest optical scheme works by the on-off keying of an attenuated laser source followed by photocounting. It opens the path to more sophisticated energy-constrained semi-device-independent quantum cryptography protocols, such as quantum key distribution.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures
Binary quartic forms with bounded invariants and small Galois groups
Creators: name: Tsang, Cindy
name: Xiao, Stanley Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11E20, 14G25

description: In this paper, we consider integral and irreducible binary quartic forms whose Galois group is isomorphic to a subgroup of the dihedral group of order eight. We first show that the set of all such forms is a union of families indexed by integral binary quadratic forms $f(x,y)$ of non-zero discriminant. Then, we shall enumerate the $\operatorname{GL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$-equivalence classes of all such forms associated to a fixed $f(x,y)$.
description: 36 pages; revised to include new result distinguishing $D_4$-forms from $C_4$-forms
Local martingales in discrete time
Creators: name: Prokaj, Vilmos
name: Ruf, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For any discrete-time $P$--local martingale $S$ there exists a probability measure $Q \sim P$ such that $S$ is a $Q$--martingale. A new proof for this result is provided. The core idea relies on an appropriate modification of an argument by Chris Rogers, used to prove a version of the fundamental theorem of asset pricing in discrete time. This proof also yields that, for any $\varepsilon>0$, the measure $Q$ can be chosen so that $\frac{dQ}{dP} \leq 1+\varepsilon$.
description: Accepted by Electronic Communications in Probability
Making the World a Better Place to Live: African Research and Education Networks’ Contributions to the UN SDGs
Creators: name: Bowa, Harold
name: Amponsah, Effah
name: Al-Kouz, Yasmeen
name: Fiore, Silvia
Publisher: name: AfricaConnect3
Year: 2023

description: In September 2015, 193 countries came together at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) and agreed on a blueprint to create a better and more sustainable world. They adopted the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), as ‘an urgent call for action by all countries - developed and developing - in a global partnership’1, designed to be realised by 2030. Since then, governments and non-governmental organisations alike have aligned their activities with the SDGs as a roadmap to making their impact on the development of the global society and also realise global relevance. This alignment has reaped benefits for both the global society and these governments and organisations, which include an increase in global influence and the ability to attract funding from the UN and other global funding organisations. Research and Education Networks (RENs) in Africa, both national (NRENs) and regional (RRENs) have also been contributing their best efforts to the achievement of the SDGs by helping to tackle urgent social issues and thereby creating value in several fields, including education, health, agriculture, gender equality, economic growth, and innovation. Unfortunately, this contribution has been largely, underreported. This paper seeks to contribute to remedying the situation by sharing evidence of the contribution to Africa and enhancing the visibility of the work done so far by the RENs.
AfricaConnect3: Connecting Africa to Unlimited possibilities
Creators: name: Dekkar, Leila
name: Fiore, Silvia
Publisher: name: AfricaConnect3
Year: 2021
Subjects: National Research and Education Network
Higher Education
Digitalization

description: Despite the availability of infrastructures having significantly progressed over the recent years, tertiary education and research institutions in Africa are still among the least connected in the academic world, a situation that is particularly critical for landlocked countries. In this context, the AfricaConnect3 project strives to establish secure, adequate, and affordable network infrastructures and offers dedicated services to African National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), as well as builds adequate human resource capacities and expertise within the community and raises the awareness of the role of digital transformation for research and education (R&E). This paper aims to present the achievements and impact of AfricaConnect3 on African R&E communities, as well as advocating for NRENs, by detailing the activities implemented and services offered to R&E institutions in Africa. Finally, this paper addresses the need for NRENs to be better represented in the African digital landscape and understood as part of the solution.
title: PAVED: Pareto Front Visualization for Engineering Design
Creators: name: Cibulski, Lena
name: Mitterhofer, Hubert
name: May, Thorsten
name: Kohlhammer, Jörn
Publisher: name: John Wiley & Sons
Year: 2024

description: Design problems in engineering typically involve a large solution space and several potentially conflicting criteria. Selecting a compromise solution is often supported by optimization algorithms that compute hundreds of Pareto‐optimal solutions, thus informing a decision by the engineer. However, the complexity of evaluating and comparing alternatives increases with the number of criteria that need to be considered at the same time. We present a design study on Pareto front visualization to support engineers in applying their expertise and subjective preferences for selection of the most‐preferred solution. We provide a characterization of data and tasks from the parametric design of electric motors. The requirements identified were the basis for our development of PAVED, an interactive parallel coordinates visualization for exploration of multi‐criteria alternatives. We reflect on our user‐centered design process that included iterative refinement with real data in close collaboration with a domain expert as well as a summative evaluation in the field. The results suggest a high usability of our visualization as part of a real‐world engineering design workflow. Our lessons learned can serve as guidance to future visualization developers targeting multi‐criteria optimization problems in engineering design or alternative domains.
Im Netz der Abgeordneten
Creators: name: Tenscher, Jens
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Die in den vergangenen Jahren beschleunigte Ausdifferenzierung und Vermehrung computervermittelter, digitaler Medienangebote sowie deren verstärkte Nutzung seitens immer größer werdender Teile der Bevölkerung hat wiederholt Anlass für Spekulationen über eine Neujustierung des kommunikativen Beziehungsgeflechts von politischen RepräsentantInnen und Repräsentierten gegeben. Dabei haben im Fokus der Debatte um die „elektronische Demokratie“ zumeist die technischen Potenziale sowie der Umgang der BürgerInnen mit interaktiven politischen Kommunikationskanälen gestanden. Der „Angebotsseite“, also den Aktivitäten politischer AkteurInnen „im Netz“, und insbesondere den dahinter stehenden Motiven ist demgegenüber vergleichsweise wenig Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt worden. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich der vorliegende Beitrag den Einstellungen der Abgeordneten gegenüber dem Internet. Dies geschieht auf Basis einer repräsentativen Befragung unter den Nationalratsmitgliedern und den Abgeordneten der österreichischen Länderparlamente. Die empirischen Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass die ParlamentarierInnen zum Großteil bereits „im Netz“ angekommen sind. Allerdings zeichnet sich derzeit eine Art Digital Divide ab, der sich alters- und sozialisationsbedingt quer durch die parlamentarischen Reihen zieht.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 2 (2013): Offenes Heft
Quotient inductive-inductive types
Creators: name: Altenkirch, Thorsten
name: Capriotti, Paolo
name: Dijkstra, Gabe
name: Kraus, Nicolai
name: Forsberg, Fredrik Nordvall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 03B15 (Primary) 18C10 (Secondary)

description: Higher inductive types (HITs) in Homotopy Type Theory (HoTT) allow the definition of datatypes which have constructors for equalities over the defined type. HITs generalise quotient types and allow to define types which are not sets in the sense of HoTT (i.e. do not satisfy uniqueness of equality proofs) such as spheres, suspensions and the torus. However, there are also interesting uses of HITs to define sets, such as the Cauchy reals, the partiality monad, and the internal, total syntax of type theory. In each of these examples we define several types that depend on each other mutually, i.e. they are inductive-inductive definitions. We call those HITs quotient inductive-inductive types (QIITs). Although there has been recent progress on the general theory of HITs, there isn't yet a theoretical foundation of the combination of equality constructors and induction-induction, despite having many interesting applications. In the present paper we present a first step towards a semantic definition of QIITs. In particular, we give an initial-algebra semantics and show that this is equivalent to the section induction principle, which justifies the intuitively expected elimination rules.
FIRE-2 Simulations: Physics versus Numerics in Galaxy Formation
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F
name: Wetzel, Andrew
name: Keres, Dusan
name: Faucher-Giguere, Claude-Andre
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: Murray, Norman
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Garrison-Kimmel, Shea
name: Hummels, Cameron
name: Feldmann, Robert
name: Torrey, Paul
name: Ma, Xiangcheng
name: Angles-Alcazar, Daniel
name: Su, Kung-Yi
name: Orr, Matthew
name: Schmitz, Denise
name: Escala, Ivanna
name: Sanderson, Robyn
name: Grudic, Michael Y.
name: Hafen, Zachary
name: Kim, Ji-Hoon
name: Fitts, Alex
name: Bullock, James S.
name: Wheeler, Coral
name: Chan, T. K.
name: Elbert, Oliver D.
name: Narananan, Desika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Feedback In Realistic Environments (FIRE) project explores feedback in cosmological galaxy formation simulations. Previous FIRE simulations used an identical source code (FIRE-1) for consistency. Motivated by the development of more accurate numerics - including hydrodynamic solvers, gravitational softening, and supernova coupling algorithms - and exploration of new physics (e.g. magnetic fields), we introduce FIRE-2, an updated numerical implementation of FIRE physics for the GIZMO code. We run a suite of simulations and compare against FIRE-1: overall, FIRE-2 improvements do not qualitatively change galaxy-scale properties. We pursue an extensive study of numerics versus physics. Details of the star-formation algorithm, cooling physics, and chemistry have weak effects, provided that we include metal-line cooling and star formation occurs at higher-than-mean densities. We present new resolution criteria for high-resolution galaxy simulations. Most galaxy-scale properties are robust to numerics we test, provided: (1) Toomre masses are resolved; (2) feedback coupling ensures conservation, and (3) individual supernovae are time-resolved. Stellar masses and profiles are most robust to resolution, followed by metal abundances and morphologies, followed by properties of winds and circum-galactic media (CGM). Central (~kpc) mass concentrations in massive (L*) galaxies are sensitive to numerics (via trapping/recycling of winds in hot halos). Multiple feedback mechanisms play key roles: supernovae regulate stellar masses/winds; stellar mass-loss fuels late star formation; radiative feedback suppresses accretion onto dwarfs and instantaneous star formation in disks. We provide all initial conditions and numerical algorithms used.
description: 64 pages, 40 figures. Simulation animations and visualizations available at http://www.tapir.caltech.edu/~phopkins/Site/animations and http://fire.northwestern.edu . Paper includes complete FIRE algorithms and public ICs (http://www.tapir.caltech.edu/~phopkins/publicICs). Updated to match published version
Higher curvature gravities, unlike GR, cannot be bootstrapped from their (usual) linearizations
Creators: name: Deser, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that higher curvature order gravities, in particular the propagating quadratic curvature models, cannot be derived by self-coupling from their linear, flat space, forms, except through an unphysical version of linearization; only GR can. Separately, we comment on an early version of the self-coupling bootstrap.
description: New title, reflecting essential changes in text and conclusions. GRG in press
Interpolation by conformal minimal surfaces and directed holomorphic curves
Creators: name: Alarcon, Antonio
name: Castro-Infantes, Ildefonso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $M$ be an open Riemann surface and $n\ge 3$ be an integer. We prove that on any closed discrete subset of $M$ one can prescribe the values of a conformal minimal immersion $M\to\mathbb{R}^n$. Our result also ensures jet-interpolation of given finite order, and hence, in particular, one may in addition prescribe the values of the generalized Gauss map. Furthermore, the interpolating immersions can be chosen to be complete, proper into $\mathbb{R}^n$ if the prescription of values is proper, and one-to-one if $n\ge 5$ and the prescription of values is one-to-one. We may also prescribe the flux map of the examples. We also show analogous results for a large family of directed holomorphic immersions $M\to\mathbb{C}^n$, including null curves.
description: To appear in Analysis & PDE
A Nonparametric Bayesian Methodology for Regression Discontinuity Designs
Creators: name: Branson, Zach
name: Rischard, Maxime
name: Bornn, Luke
name: Miratrix, Luke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the most popular methodologies for estimating the average treatment effect at the threshold in a regression discontinuity design is local linear regression (LLR), which places larger weight on units closer to the threshold. We propose a Gaussian process regression methodology that acts as a Bayesian analog to LLR for regression discontinuity designs. Our methodology provides a flexible fit for treatment and control responses by placing a general prior on the mean response functions. Furthermore, unlike LLR, our methodology can incorporate uncertainty in how units are weighted when estimating the treatment effect. We prove our method is consistent in estimating the average treatment effect at the threshold. Furthermore, we find via simulation that our method exhibits promising coverage, interval length, and mean squared error properties compared to standard LLR and state-of-the-art LLR methodologies. Finally, we explore the performance of our method on a real-world example by studying the impact of being a first-round draft pick on the performance and playing time of basketball players in the National Basketball Association.
description: 40 pages, 5 figures, 5 tables
Governing Carbon Efficiency. The International Regime of Standards in Wooden Construction
Creators: name: Ludvig, Alice
name: Weiss, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Political Science
Year: 2013

description: One feature ofglobalisation is increasing spread of international standards. In general,standards define benchmarks and rules for production. They can stem from avariety of sources ranging from NGOs to industries and governments. Thisarticle focuses on standard setting by international standards developmentorganisations. We explore into the global regimes that govern standards forwooden products that are used in construction. Construction is one of thebiggest producers of green house gas emissions and since recently wood is beingpromoted as a means for carbon storage. We focus on the norms that internationallyare most dominant in intending to regulate sustainability and carbon efficiencyfor the use of wood in construction. Standardisation in this newly emergingfield is still under development. The article aims at drawing a comprehensivepicture of the institutionalised rules and processes that up to now areglobally most influential. In conclusion the process is best described as a “regulationof self-regulation” that takes place under the institutional umbrella of thetwo most influential private actors CEN and ISO.
description: Austrian Journal of Political Science, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Offenes Heft
Validation of gait characteristics extracted from raw accelerometry during walking against measures of physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness
Creators: name: Urbanek, Jacek K.
name: Zipunnikov, Vadim
name: Harris, Tamara
name: Crainiceanu, Ciprian
name: Harezlak, Jaroslaw
name: Glynn, Nancy W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background. Wearable accelerometry devices allow collection of high-density activity data in large epidemiological studies both in-the-lab as well as in-the-wild (free-living). Such data can be used to detect and identify periods of sustained harmonic walking. This report aims to establish whether the micro- and macro-features of walking identified in the laboratory and free-living environments are associated with measures of physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness. Methods. Fifty-one older adults (median age 77.5) enrolled in the Developmental Epidemiologic Cohort Study in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania were included in the analyses. The study included an in-the-lab component as well as 7 days of monitoring in-the-wild. Participants were equipped with hip-worn Actigraph GT3X+ activity monitors, which collect high-density raw accelerometry data. We applied a walking identification algorithm to the data and defined features of walking, such as participant-specific walking acceleration and cadence. The association between these walking features and physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness was quantified using linear regression analysis. Results. Micro-scale features of walking (acceleration and cadence) estimated from in-the-lab and in-the-wild data were associated with measures of physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness. In-the-lab median walking acceleration was strongly inversely associated with physical function, mobility, fatigability and fitness. Additionally, in-the-wild daily walking time was inversely associated with usual- and fast-paced 400m walking time. Conclusions. The proposed accelerometry-derived walking features are significantly associated with measures of physical function, mobility, fatigability, and fitness, which provides evidence of convergent validity.
The sick as biological citizens? How patient-user organizations reconfigure the field of health and illness
Creators: name: Cuevas, Hernán
name: Mayrhofer, Michaela T.
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Political Science
Year: 2013

description: Based on a qualitative two-cased study of patient-user organizations, this article claims that some of the forms of sociality that have emerged in recent decades are changing the landscape of citizenship in the field of health and illness. Findings show that politicised and radical patient-user organizations can effectively challenge biopolitical governmentality, its medical institutions, as well as its configuration of power/knowledge and forms of subjectivation by using what we consider to be affirmative biopolitical strategies.
description: Austrian Journal of Political Science, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Offenes Heft
Die gleiche Stimme in den USA
Creators: name: Krumbein, Frédéric
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Die politische Gleichheit der Bürger charakterisiert nach Robert Dahl die Demokratie und unterscheidet sie von anderen politischen Systemen. Die politische Gleichheit meint, dass die Interessen der Bürger gleich berücksichtigt werden. Der beste Ausdruck der politischen Gleichheit sind das gleiche Wahlrecht und das gleiche Gewicht der Stimmen der Bürger im politischen Prozess. In den USA nimmt die politische Gleichheit ab. Dies liegt vor allem am zunehmenden Einfluss des Geldes auf die Politik. Geld ist sehr ungleich verteilt und verschafft einigen Bürgern einen größeren Einfluss auf die Politik als anderen. Neben der Verringerung der sozialen und wirtschaftlichen Ungleichheit besteht eine bislang wenig beachtete Möglichkeit in der konsequenten Stärkung der gleichen Stimme der Bürger im politischen System.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Offenes Heft
EU ante portas or is there a new division line in Slovak politics?
Creators: name: Gyarfasova, Olga
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Political Science
Year: 2013

description: Many analyses have provided evidence that the European agenda is not salient for the public and the EU political arena is perceived as a sphere in which less is at stake. However, in the political mobilization we could observe a growing interactions between the national and European agenda – not only national politics is thematized for the EP election campaign but also vice versa : European agenda is more and more present in the political appeals and voters mobilization. The economic and fiscal crises have accelerated these processes. The study examines Slovakia – a country with a specific integration trajectory and explores how the European agenda has entered the domestic politics recently. The analysis deals also with position of the political parties towards the EU integration and the images of the EU which emerged in the latest national election.
description: Austrian Journal of Political Science, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Offenes Heft
Von der „Ausländerbeschäftigung“ zur Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte: Sozialpartnerschaft und Migrationspolitik in Österreich
Creators: name: Krings, Torben
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: In diesem Aufsatz wird die Neuauflage korporatistischer Politikmuster in Österreich an Hand von zwei Fallstudien zur Rot-Weiß-Rot-Karte und zum Lohn- und Sozialdumping-Bekämpfungsgesetz untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass diese beiden Initiativen einen klassischen Kompromiss sozialpartnerschaftlicher Interessenspolitik darstellen. Während die Arbeitgeberseite vor allem an einem neuen Zuwanderungssystems für qualifizierte MigrantInnen interessiert war, stand für Gewerkschaften der Schutz von Arbeits- und Sozialstandards im Hinblick auf die Öffnung des österreichischen Arbeitsmarktes 2011 im Mittelpunkt. Es wird argumentiert, dass der entscheidende Faktor, der dieses sozialpartnerschaftliche Revival ermöglichte, der Regierungswechsel 2007 und die Bildung einer Großen Koalition war, die insbesondere in der Arbeitsmarkt- und Sozialpolitik wieder verstärkt auf eine tripartistische Interessenspolitik setzt.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Offenes Heft
Random sorting networks: local statistics via random matrix laws
Creators: name: Gorin, Vadim
name: Rahman, Mustazee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper finds the bulk local limit of the swap process of uniformly random sorting networks. The limit object is defined through a deterministic procedure, a local version of the Edelman-Greene algorithm, applied to a two dimensional determinantal point process with explicit kernel. The latter describes the asymptotic joint law near $0$ of the eigenvalues of the corners in the antisymmetric Gaussian Unitary Ensemble. In particular, the limiting law of the first time a given swap appears in a random sorting network is identified with the limiting distribution of the closest to $0$ eigenvalue in the antisymmetric GUE. Moreover, the asymptotic gap, in the bulk, between appearances of a given swap is the Gaudin-Mehta law -- the limiting universal distribution for gaps between eigenvalues of real symmetric random matrices. The proofs rely on the determinantal structure and a double contour integral representation for the kernel of random Poissonized Young tableaux of arbitrary shape.
description: Final version; to appear in PTRF
Politische TV-Ereignisse umdenken: Die Ära der Post-Broadcast Kommunikation
Creators: name: Eberl, Jakob-Moritz
name: Wagner, Markus
name: Zeglovits, Eva
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Im Kontext politischer TV-Events und politischer TV-Debatten eröffnen sich über das Internet und Social Networks wie Facebook oder Twitter neue Möglichkeiten des Konsums und inhaltlichen Austauschs, die das klassische Bild von TV-Ereignissen und deren Analysen in Frage stellen. Politische TV-Events werden nicht mehr primär über ein einziges Medium, den Fernsehbildschirm, wahrgenommen. Ihr Konsum verläuft in einer internet-affinen Subpopulation viel eher über eine Mehrzahl an Informationskanälen, die in gängigen empirischen Methoden nicht alle berücksichtigt werden. Wir befinden uns am Beginn einer Post-Broadcast Ära, in welcher Social Networks, politische Foren, Blogs und auch die Medienberichterstattung im Internet einen vielfältigen Medienkonsum und einen breiten inhaltlichen Austausch zu TV-Ereignissen erleichtern. Die vorliegende explorative Studie untersucht, inwieweit das potenzielle Publikum von TV-Debatten weit über das Fernsehpublikum hinaus reicht, und kommt dabei zur Erkenntniss, dass der Einfluss- und Analysebereich von TV-Events neu diskutiert werden muss. Grundlage der Untersuchung ist eine Online-Befragung von Studierenden der Universität Wien im Rahmen der ORF-Sommergespräche 2012.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Offenes Heft
Mesner/Niederkofler (2013): Johanna Dohnal
Creators: name: Kroismayr, Sigrid
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 3 (2013): Offenes Heft
Minimal Quantization Model in Pilot-Wave Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Blitstein, Austin M.
name: Sáenz, Pedro J.
name: Rosales, Rodolfo R.
Publisher: name: American Physical Society (APS)
Year: 2024

description:
Investigating how classical systems may manifest dynamics analogous to those of quantum systems is a broad subject of fundamental interest. Walking droplets, which self-propel through a resonant interaction with their own wave field, provide a unique macroscopic realization of wave-particle duality that exhibits behaviors previously thought exclusive to quantum particles. Despite significant efforts, elucidating the precise origin and form of the wave-mediated forces responsible for the walker's quantumlike behavior remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that, owing to wave interference, the force responsible for orbital quantization originates from waves excited near stationary points on the walker's past trajectory. Moreover, we derive a minimal model with the essential ingredients to capture quantized orbital dynamics, including quasiperiodic and chaotic orbits. Notably, this minimal model provides an explicit distinction between local forces, which account for the walker's preferred speed and wave-induced added mass, and spatiotemporal nonlocal forces responsible for quantization. The quantization mechanism revealed here is generic, and will thus play a role in other hydrodynamic quantum analogs.
A scaling theory for the long-range to short-range crossover and an infrared duality
Creators: name: Behan, Connor
name: Rastelli, Leonardo
name: Rychkov, Slava
name: Zan, Bernardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the second-order phase transition in the $d$-dimensional Ising model with long-range interactions decreasing as a power of the distance $1/r^{d+s}$. For $s$ below some known value $s_*$, the transition is described by a conformal field theory without a local stress tensor operator, with critical exponents varying continuously as functions of $s$. At $s=s_*$, the phase transition crosses over to the short-range universality class. While the location $s_*$ of this crossover has been known for 40 years, its physics has not been fully understood, the main difficulty being that the standard description of the long-range critical point is strongly coupled at the crossover. In this paper we propose another field-theoretic description which, on the contrary, is weakly coupled near the crossover. We use this description to clarify the nature of the crossover and make predictions about the critical exponents. That the same long-range critical point can be reached from two different UV descriptions provides a new example of infrared duality.
description: 57pp, detailed version of arXiv:1703.03430, v2: misprints corrected, v3: refs and discussion of log corrections at the crossover added, v4: published version plus extra comments in appendix A,B and an acknowledgement, v5: published version plus extra comments in appendix A,B and an acknowledgement (replacing the wrong tex file of v4)
Beyond similarity assessment: Selecting the optimal model for sequence alignment via the Factorized Asymptotic Bayesian algorithm
Creators: name: Takeda, Taikai
name: Hamada, Michiaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Pair Hidden Markov Models (PHMMs) are probabilistic models used for pairwise sequence alignment, a quintessential problem in bioinformatics. PHMMs include three types of hidden states: match, insertion and deletion. Most previous studies have used one or two hidden states for each PHMM state type. However, few studies have examined the number of states suitable for representing sequence data or improving alignment accuracy.We developed a novel method to select superior models (including the number of hidden states) for PHMM. Our method selects models with the highest posterior probability using Factorized Information Criteria (FIC), which is widely utilised in model selection for probabilistic models with hidden variables. Our simulations indicated this method has excellent model selection capabilities with slightly improved alignment accuracy. We applied our method to DNA datasets from 5 and 28 species, ultimately selecting more complex models than those used in previous studies.
description: This article has been accepted for publication in Bioinformatics Published by Oxford University Press
Real-Time Energy Disaggregation of a Distribution Feeder's Demand Using Online Learning
Creators: name: Ledva, Gregory S.
name: Balzano, Laura
name: Mathieu, Johanna L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Though distribution system operators have been adding more sensors to their networks, they still often lack an accurate real-time picture of the behavior of distributed energy resources such as demand responsive electric loads and residential solar generation. Such information could improve system reliability, economic efficiency, and environmental impact. Rather than installing additional, costly sensing and communication infrastructure to obtain additional real-time information, it may be possible to use existing sensing capabilities and leverage knowledge about the system to reduce the need for new infrastructure. In this paper, we disaggregate a distribution feeder's demand measurements into: 1) the demand of a population of air conditioners, and 2) the demand of the remaining loads connected to the feeder. We use an online learning algorithm, Dynamic Fixed Share (DFS), that uses the real-time distribution feeder measurements as well as models generated from historical building- and device-level data. We develop two implementations of the algorithm and conduct case studies using real demand data from households and commercial buildings to investigate the effectiveness of the algorithm. The case studies demonstrate that DFS can effectively perform online disaggregation and the choice and construction of models included in the algorithm affects its accuracy, which is comparable to that of a set of Kalman filters.
description: 14 pages, article in press, 2018, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
Linguistische Ansätze und die demand-side nuklearer Proliferation: Eine programmatische Bestandsaufnahme
Creators: name: Senn, Martin
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Das Forschungsfeld zur Motivationsseite oder demand-side nuklearer Proliferation wurde in der jüngeren Vergangenheit um theoretische Ansätze erweitert, deren Fokus auf innerstaatlichen Akteuren liegt. Zwar können diese Ansätze ein umfassenderes Bild staatlicher Nuklear(waffen)politik zeichnen als ihre (neo)realistischen Vorgänger, jedoch bleiben diskursive Mechanismen, die zwischen innerstaatlichen Akteuren wirken, großteils unbeachtet. Im Kern dieses Beitrags steht das Argument, dass linguistische Ansätze zu einem besseren Verständnis der demand-side beitragen können, da sie die Analyse dieser innerstaatlichen Mechanismen der Argumentation und Überzeugung ermöglichen und gleichzeitig einen Blick auf ideellen Faktoren ermöglichen, die Präferenzen in diesem Bereich beeinflussen.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 2 (2013): Offenes Heft
„Politik und Recht“ oder über den Mut zur Institutionalisierung
Creators: name: Gschiegl, Stefan
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Der in diesem Diskussionsbeitrag beleuchtete Forschungsansatz „Politik und Recht“ stellt international einen zentralen Schwerpunkt des politikwissenschaftlichen Forschungsdiskurses dar. In diesem durchaus mit provokanten Thesen versehenen Text soll rudimentäre Ursachenforschung betrieben werden, weshalb das Recht, als ein einflussreiches soziales Phänomen, seinen Stellenwert innerhalb der politikwissenschaftlichen Forschung hierzulande so hart erkämpfen muss. Ferner sollen einige Gründe dargelegt werden, warum eine Unterweisung der Studierenden der Politikwissenschaft in relevante juristische Themengebiete unter Berücksichtung politikwissenschaftlicher Methodiken dringend geboten erscheint und grob deren Aussehen skizziert.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 2 (2013): Offenes Heft
Electroweak Baryogenesis and Dark Matter via a Pseudoscalar vs. Scalar
Creators: name: Ghorbani, Parsa Hossein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electroweak baryogenesis in a fermionic dark matter scenario with a (pseudo)scalar being the mediator in the Higgs portal. It is discussed that the electroweak phase transition turns to be first-order after taking into account the role of the (pseudo)scalar in the thermal effective potential in our extended standard model. Imposing the relic density constraint from the WMAP/Planck and the bounds from the direct detection experiments XENON100/LUX, we show that the dark matter scenario with a scalar mediator is hardly capable of explaining the baryogenesis while the same model with a pseudoscalar mediator is able to explain the baryon asymmetry. For the latter, we constrain more the model with {\it Fermi}-LAT upper limit on dark matter annihilation into $b\bar b$ and $τ^+τ^-$. The allowed dark matter mass that leads to correct relic abundance, renders the electroweak phase transition strongly first-order, and respects the {\it Fermi}-LAT limit, will be in the range $110-320$ GeV. The exotic and invisible Higgs decay bounds and the mono-jet search limit at the LHC do not affect the viable space of parameters.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. Fermi-LAT constraint on DM DM to b\bar, tau^+ tau^- in the model was imposed. The range of the mediator mass was shown in a figure. Published in JHEP
Koordinationsprobleme durch nationale Wahlen? Die europäische Verfassungspolitik in Österreich und Irland 2002-2009
Creators: name: Eising, Rainer
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Nationale Wahlen bestimmen die Zeithorizonte von PolitikerInnen und können Schwankungen ihrer in- haltlichen Positionen verursachen. Dieser Grundüberlegung zum Regieren in Demokratien stehen jedoch in der europäischen Verfassungspolitik die Annahme langfristiger Kalküle und erfolgreiche Vertragsrevisi- onen entgegen. Daher untersuchen wir am Beispiel Irlands und Österreichs, ob die Politisierung von EU- Verfassungsfragen in nationalen Wahlen Einfluss auf die Positionen von nationalen Parteien hatte. Unsere Fallstudien zeigen, dass die Positionen der Parteien weitgehend stabil waren. Allerdings erhöhen symbol- trächtige Themen, europaskeptische Parteien und Referenden das Politisierungspotenzial von EU-Verfas- sungsfragen und verkürzen so die Zeithorizonte von nationalen PolitikerInnen. Die daraus resultierenden Positionsschwankungen führen aber nur zu begrenzten Koordinationsproblemen auf europäischer Ebene.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 2 (2013): Offenes Heft
Cytokinin: From autoclaved DNA to two-component signaling
Creators: name: Argueso, Cristiana T
name: Kieber, Joseph J
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description:
Since its first identification in the 1950s as a regulator of cell division, cytokinin has been linked to many physiological processes in plants, spanning growth and development and various responses to the environment. Studies from the last two and one-half decades have revealed the pathways underlying the biosynthesis and metabolism of cytokinin and have elucidated the mechanisms of its perception and signaling, which reflects an ancient signaling system evolved from two-component elements in bacteria. Mutants in the genes encoding elements involved in these processes have helped refine our understanding of cytokinin functions in plants. Further, recent advances have provided insight into the mechanisms of intracellular and long-distance cytokinin transport and the identification of several proteins that operate downstream of cytokinin signaling. Here, we review these processes through a historical lens, providing an overview of cytokinin metabolism, transport, signaling, and functions in higher plants.
An electromagnetic multipole expansion beyond the long-wavelength approximation
Creators: name: Alaee, R.
name: Rockstuhl, C.
name: Fernandez-Corbaton, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multipole expansion is a key tool in the study of light-matter interactions. All the information about the radiation of and coupling to electromagnetic fields of a given charge-density distribution is condensed into few numbers: The multipole moments of the source. These numbers are frequently computed with expressions obtained after the long-wavelength approximation. Here, we derive exact expressions for the multipole moments of dynamic sources that resemble in their simplicity their approximate counterparts. We validate our new expressions against analytical results for a spherical source, and then use them to calculate the induced moments for some selected sources with a non-trivial shape. The comparison of the results to those obtained with approximate expressions shows a considerable disagreement even for sources of subwavelength size. Our expressions are relevant for any scientific area dealing with the interaction between the electromagnetic field and material systems.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures
Robust inference for threshold regression models
Creators: name: Hidalgo, Javier
name: Lee, Jungyoon
name: Seo, Myung Hwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper is concerned with inference in threshold regression models when the practitioners do not know whether at the threshold point the true specification has a kink or a jump. We nest previous works that assume either continuity or discontinuity at the threshold point and develop robust inference methods on the parameters of the model, which are valid under both specifications. In particular, we found that the parameter values under the kink restriction are irregular points of the Hessian matrix of the expected Gaussian quasi-likelihood. This irregularity destroys the asymptotic normality and induces the non-standard cube root convergence rate for the threshold estimate. However, it also enables us to obtain the same asymptotic distribution as in Hansen (2000) for the quasi-likelihood ratio statistic for the unknown threshold up to an unknown scale parameter. We show that this scale parameter can be consistently estimated by a kernel method as long as no higher order kernel is used. Furthermore, we propose to construct confidence intervals for the unknown threshold by bootstrap test inversion, also known as grid bootstrap. Finite sample performances of the grid bootstrap confidence intervals are examined through Monte Carlo simulations. We also implement our procedure to an economic empirical application.
description: 56 pages, 3 figures
Begrenzte Regeleinhaltung oder vorauseilender Gehorsam? Nationale Reaktionen auf die Rechtsprechung des EuGH
Creators: name: Blauberger, Michael
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Die Rolle des Europäischen Gerichtshofs als „Motor der Integration“ ist umfassend untersucht, doch die Wirkung der Rechtsprechung auf nationale Politik wird weniger beachtet. Insbesondere der Auslegungs- bedürftigkeit vieler Urteile werden ganz gegensätzliche Wirkungen zugeschrieben: Nach einer Lesart bietet die europäische Rechtsprechung den Mitgliedstaaten viele Schlupflöcher, um sich Urteilen nur im Einzelfall zu beugen, breitere Implikationen aber zu ignorieren. Nach einer anderen Lesart ist es gerade die Offenheit vieler Urteile, die interessierte AkteurInnen zu weiteren Klagen ermächtigt, um umfassende Anpassungen auf nationaler Ebene zu erzwingen. Ob Mitgliedstaaten auf die Rechtsprechung eher mini- malistisch reagieren oder vorauseilende Reformen unternehmen, hängt davon ab, wer die Kosten dauer- hafter Rechtsunsicherheit zu tragen hat: Verteidiger oder Herausforderer des rechtlichen Status quo. Dieses Argument wird durch zwei Fallstudien zum nationalen Umgang mit Urteilen zur Kapitalverkehrs- freiheit (goldene Aktienfälle) und zur Dienstleistungsfreiheit (Entsendefälle) plausibilisiert und konkurrie- renden Erklärungen gegenübergestellt.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 2 (2013): Offenes Heft
Die parteipolitische Besetzung von Spitzenfunktionen in österreichischen Staatsunternehmen: eine quantitative Analyse
Creators: name: Ennser-Jedenastik, Laurenz
Publisher: name: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft
Year: 2013

description: Die vorliegende Arbeit präsentiert die erste umfassende quantitative Analyse von parteipolitischen Postenbesetzungen in österreichischen Staatsunternehmen. Die Datengrundlage bildet eine Erhebung der Parteibindungen von sämtlichen 1242 Personen, die zwischen 1995 und 2010 in die Vorstände, Geschäftsführungen und Aufsichtsräte von mehrheitlich bundeseigenen Kapitalgesellschaften berufen wurden. Die multivariate Analyse zeigt, dass die Zusammensetzung der Regierung, die ministerielle Verantwortlichkeit einzelner Parteien, die Unternehmensgröße und die Wichtigkeit der zu besetzenden Position im Unternehmen einen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Ernennung parteinaher Personen haben.
description: Österreichische Zeitschrift für Politikwissenschaft, Bd. 42 Nr. 2 (2013): Offenes Heft
Emerging anti-pluralism in new democracies
Creators: name: Bayer, József
Publisher: name: Austrian Journal of Political Science
Year: 2013

description: The signs of a definite anti-pluralist turn in the politics of some newly democratized countries in Europe are growing. The paper describes the present Hungarian political situation since the 2010 election. Due to a landslide electoral victory of the Hungarian Civic Union – Fidesz, the new government felt free to rearrange the whole constitutional and political system. Earlier institutions of control over the government have been restrained. The declared need for a “strong state” in a crisis situation seemed to justify a resort to some authoritarian tendencies of the Hungarian past. The paper analyzes the political and ideological features that endanger the guaranties of rights and the achieved political pluralism. It deals with changes of the constitution and the role of the Constitutional Court, the much debated new media law, the con- strained autonomy of interest organizations and local self-governments, and the decisive change of the electoral system. The paper analyses also presumable reasons for this anti-pluralist turn, weighing simple path-dependency in the political culture against the impact of the contemporary economic crisis. It stands in for the pluralist democratic engagement of 1989 that should be saved under the new challenges of the contemporary crisis.
description: Austrian Journal of Political Science, Bd. 42 Nr. 1 (2013): Space, borders, borderlands