cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Differentialgleichungen in der Schule
Creators: name: Fleck, Thomas
Year: 2014

description: Diese Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit Differentialgleichungen 1. Ordnung und deren Umgang in der Schule. Wie sie in den Mathematikbüchern dargestellt werden und wie sie seitens der Lehrpersonen wahrgenommen und den Schülerinnen und Schülern vermittelt werden.
In der einleitenden Motivation wird die zugrundeliegende Idee dieser Arbeit beschrieben, wie sie zustande gekommen ist und Hintergründe erläutert.
Im Zweiten Kapitel, Der Lehrplan, wird diesem Thema eine rechtliche Grundlage zugesichert und ermittelt wie Differentialgleichungen in diesem verankert sind.
Das dritte Kapitel, Differentialgleichungen, beschreibt den theoretischen Rahmen dieser Arbeit in Bezug auf Anwendbarkeit in der Schule. Verschiedene Formen von Differentialgleichungen sowie deren Lösungsmethoden werden dabei vorgestellt und dienen als Brücke zwischen der „Schulmathematik“ und einer „höheren Mathematik“. Da die einzige im Lehrplan festgehaltene Form von Differentialgleichung y! = k ⋅ y ist, stellt die Auswahl an verschiedenen Arten von
Differentialgleichungen in dieser Arbeit eine subjektive da.
Im nächsten Kapitel, Anwendungsbeispiele für die Schule, werden zwei Differentialgleichungen, mit trennbaren Variablen, besprochen, die auch fächerübergreifend mit dem Unterrichtsfach Physik besprochen, respektive durchgemacht werden können.
Im Kapitel fünf, Differentialgleichungen in der Schule, werden vier Mathematikbücher vorgestellt und miteinander verglichen.
Das letzte Kapitel dieser Diplomarbeit befasst sich mit den Lehrpersonen und wie sie die Thematik Differentialgleichungen im Bezug auf Schule und speziell auf Schülerinnen und Schüler wahrnehmen. Hierfür wurde ein Fragebogen, welchen sieben Lehrpersonen ausgefüllt haben, vorgestellt und im Anschluss ausgewertet und interpretiert.
Cosmic tangle: Loop quantum cosmology and CMB anomalies
Creators: name: Bojowald, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loop quantum cosmology is a conflicted field in which exuberant claims of observability coexist with serious objections against the conceptual and physical viability of its current formulations. This contribution presents a non-technical case study of the recent claim that loop quantum cosmology might alleviate anomalies in observations of the cosmic microwave background.
description: 14 pages, contribution to special issue on "Quantum Cosmology" in Universe
Exciton–polaritons in CsPbBr3 crystals revealed by optical reflectivity in high magnetic fields and two‐photon spectroscopy
Creators: name: Yakovlev, Dmitri R.
name: Crooker, Scott A.
name: Semina, Marina A.
name: Rautert, Janina
name: Mund, Johannes
name: Dirin, Dmitry N.
name: Kovalenko, Maksym V.
name: Bayer, Manfred
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: CsPbBr3
subject: exciton binding energies
subject: exciton-polaritons
subject: high magnetic fields
subject: Landé factors
subject: perovkite semiconductors
subject: two-photon spectroscopies
subject: 530

description: Cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) is a representative material of the emerging class of lead halide perovskite semiconductors that possess remarkable optoelectronic properties. Its optical properties in the vicinity of the bandgap energy are greatly contributed by excitons, which form exciton polaritons due to strong light–matter interactions. Exciton–polaritons in solution-grown CsPbBr3 crystals are examined by means of circularly polarized reflection spectroscopy measured in high magnetic fields up to 60 T. The excited 2P exciton state is measured by two-photon absorption. Comprehensive modeling and analysis provides detailed quantitative information about the exciton–polariton parameters: exciton binding energy of 32.5 meV, oscillator strength characterized by longitudinal–transverse splitting of 5.3 meV, damping of 6.7 meV, reduced exciton mass of 0.18m0, exciton diamagnetic shift of 1.6 μeV T−2, and exciton Landé factor gx = +2.35. It is shown that the exciton states can be described within a hydrogen-like model with an effective dielectric constant of 8.7. From the measured exciton longitudinal–transverse splitting, Kane energy of Ep = 15 eV is evaluated, which is in reasonable agreement with values of 11.8–12.5 eV derived from the carrier effective masses.
description: Physica status solidi. Rapid research letters; 18(3)
Structural control of highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence in carbene zinc(II) dithiolates
Creators: name: Mitra, Mousree
name: Mrózek, Ondřej
name: Putscher, Markus
name: Guhl, Jasper
name: Hupp, Benjamin
name: Belyaev, Andrey
name: Marian, Christel M.
name: Steffen, Andreas
Publisher: name: TU Dortmund
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Carbenes
subject: Circularly Polarized Luminescence
subject: DFT/MRCI
subject: TADF
subject: Zinc
subject: 540

description: Luminescent metal complexes based on earth abundant elements are a valuable target to substitute 4d/5d transition metal complexes as triplet emitters in advanced photonic applications. Whereas CuI complexes have been thoroughly investigated in the last two decades for this purpose, no structure-property-relationships for efficient luminescence involving triplet excited states from ZnII complexes are established. Herein, we report on the design of monomeric carbene zinc(II) dithiolates (CZT) featuring a donor-acceptor-motif that leads to highly efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) with for ZnII compounds unprecedented radiative rate constants kTADF=1.2×106 s−1 at 297 K. Our high-level DFT/MRCI calculations revealed that the relative orientation of the ligands involved in the ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (1/3LLCT) states is paramount to control the TADF process. Specifically, a dihedral angle of 36–40° leads to very efficient reverse intersystem-crossing (rISC) on the order of 109 s−1 due to spin-orbit coupling (SOC) mediated by the sulfur atoms in combination with a small ΔES1-T1 of ca. 56 meV.
description: Angewandte Chemie. International edition; 63(7)
Cosmological constant and quantum gravitational corrections to the running fine structure constant
Creators: name: Toms, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum gravitational contribution to the renormalization group behavior of the electric charge in Einstein-Maxwell theory with a cosmological constant is considered. Quantum gravity is shown to lead to a contribution to the running charge not present when the cosmological constant vanishes. This re-opens the possibility, suggested by Robinson and Wilczek, of altering the scaling behaviour of gauge theories at high energies although our result differs. We show the possibility of an ultraviolet fixed point that is linked directly to the cosmological constant.
description: 4 pages, RevTex, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Retardation magnification and the appearance of relativistic jets
Creators: name: Jester, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thanks to the availability of high-resolution high-sensitivity telescopes such as the Very Large Array, the Hubble Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, there is now a wealth of observational data on relativistic jets from active galactic nuclei (AGN) as well as galactic sources such as Black-Hole X-ray Binaries. Since the jet speeds cannot be constrained well from observations, but are generally believed to be relativistic, physical quantities inferred from observables are commonly expressed in terms of the unknown beaming parameters: the bulk Lorentz factor and the line-of-sight angle, usually in their combination as relativistic Doppler factor. This paper aims to resolve the discrepancies existing in the literature about such "de-beaming" of derived quantities, in particular regarding the minimum-energy magnetic field estimate. The discrepancies arise because the distinction is not normally made between the case of a fixed source observed with different beaming parameters and the case where the source projection on the sky is held fixed. The former is usually considered, but it is the latter that corresponds to interpreting actual jet observations. Furthermore, attention is drawn to the fact that apparent superluminal motion has a spatial corollary, here called "retardation magnification", which implies that most parts of a relativistic jet that are actually present in the observer's frame (a "world map" in relativity terminology) are in fact hidden on the observer's image (the "world picture" in general, or "supersnapshot" in the special case of astronomy).
description: 14 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by MNRAS on 2008 June 23. v2 identical to v1 except for "accepted" date
Celebrity Endorsement
Creators: name: Nestel, Diana
Year: 2014

description: This empirical study deals with celebrity endorsement and the conscious decision to choose an incongruent celebrity endorser. The scientific studies so far have focused on the match of celebrity and product working with the theoretical framework of meaning transfer model and match up hypothesis. Until now, the positive match of a celebrity endorser and a product resulted in positive effects. The conscious decision of an incongruent celebrity endorser remains almost unexplored, but the few studies on incongruence have shown that a mismatch is likely to be valued positive as well. The empirical analysis of this study builds on three stimuli, an ad with Brad Pitt as incongruent celebrity endorser for a female perfume, a manipulated ad with Julia Roberts as congruent celebrity endorser for the same female perfume and a manipulated ad without any celebrity endorser only showing the perfume bottle. The result shows that the test persons could not solve the incongruence. The assumption here was that Brad Pitt was advertising for a male perfume. The misunderstanding led to no more significant varieties of the evaluation of the brand, the buying interest or the memory. The result shows that the choice of an incongruent celebrity depends on several factors and that there is a need for further research in this area.
description: Die folgende empirische Studie befasst sich mit dem Celebrity Endorsement und dem bewussten Entschluss einen markeninkongruenten prominenten Werbeträger auszuwählen. Die bisherige Forschung fokussierte hauptsächlich auf die Übereinstimmung zwischen Celebrity und Produkt, theoretische Grundgerüste wie das Meaning Transfer Modell oder die Match Up Hypothese bestärkten bislang die Annahme, dass ein positiver Match positive Effekte erzeugt. Die bewusste Wahl von inkongruenten berühmten Testimonials ist vergleichsweise unerforscht, die bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Annäherungen an dieses Thema konnten durchaus positive Bewertungen von inkongruenten Celebrities nachweisen. Die empirische Untersuchung dieser Arbeit baut auf drei Stimuli, eine Anzeige mit Brad Pitt als inkongruentes Testimonial für einen Damenduft, eine manipulierte Anzeige mit Julia Roberts als kongruentes Testimonial für den selben Damenduft und eine manipulierte Anzeige ohne Celebrity und nur mit Parfumflakon. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass die Inkongruenz von den Probanden nicht verstanden wurde, es herrschte die Annahme, dass es sich bei Brad Pitt um einen Herrenduft handelt. Das Missverstehen der inkongruenten Anzeige führte dazu, dass es weder bei der Erinnerung, noch bei der Markenbewertung oder bei der Kaufintention signifikante Unterschiede gab. Das Ergebnis zeigt, dass die Wahl zu einem inkongruenten Celebrity Endorser von mehreren Faktoren abhängt und dass es in diesem Bereich weiteren Forschungsbedarf gibt.
Resonance-like phenomena of the mobility of a chain of nonlinear coupled oscillators in a two-dimensional periodic potential
Creators: name: Martens, S.
name: Hennig, D.
name: Fugmann, S.
name: Schimansky-Geier, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Langevin dynamics of a two-dimensional discrete oscillator chain absorbed on a periodic substrate and subjected to an external localized point force. Going beyond the commonly used harmonic bead-spring model, we consider a nonlinear Morse interaction between the next-nearest-neighbors. We focus interest on the activation of directed motion instigated by thermal fluctuations and the localized point force. In this context the local transition states are identified and the corresponding activation energies are calculated. As a novel feature it is found that the transport of the chain in point force direction is determined by stepwise escapes of a single unit or segments of the chain due to the existence of multiple locally stable attractors. The non-vanishing net current of the chain is quantitatively assessed by the value of the mobility of the center of mass. It turns out that the latter as a function of the ratio of the competing length scales of the system, that is the period of the substrate potential and the equilibrium distance between two chain units, shows a resonance behavior. More precisely there exist a set of optimal parameter values maximizing the mobility. Interestingly, the phenomenon of negative resistance is found, i.e. the mobility possesses a minimum at a finite value of the strength of the thermal fluctuations for a given overcritical external driving force.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures
Akzeptanz von urbanen migrationsspezifischen Sprechweisen im schulischen Kontext am Beispiel von Lehrkräften
Creators: name: Lacher, Nina
Year: 2014

description: Migrationsspezifische Sprechweisen Jugendlicher werden im öffentlichen Diskurs oft problematisiert, degradiert und als Erklärung für den unterdurchschnittlichen Bildungserfolg von SchülerInnen mit Migrationshintergrund herangezogen. Durch die Auseinandersetzung mit dem internationalen Forschungsstand und Pierre Bourdieus kultursoziologischer Perspektive von „Schule als sprachlichem Markt“, werden die negativen Sprachideologien in dieser Arbeit hinterfragt und ihre Relevanz bei der Aufrechterhaltung von sozialer Ungleichheit thematisiert. Da die Meinungen und Einstellungen gegenüber den Sprechweisen jedoch auch eine habituelle Komponente implizieren können, stehen im Hauptinteresse der Forschung die unter Lehrpersonen präsenten Sprachideologien über migrationsspezifische Sprechweisen. Im empirischen Teil der Arbeit wurden die, anhand von Interviews mit Lehrpersonen an Wiener Schulen, erhobenen Daten einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse unterzogen. Die Interpretation des gewonnenen Materials erfolgte mitunter aus einer rassismus- und linguizismuskritischen Perspektive. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sowohl neutrale wie auch eindeutig rassistische bzw. linguizistische Sprachideologien präsent sind und eindeutig Aufklärungsbedarf hinsichtlich der Funktion von migrationsspezifischen Sprechweisen im schulischen Kontext besteht.
Die Druckversion der Arbeit enthält eine CD-ROM, auf der alle Audio-Aufnahmen der Interviews, wie auch die Sprachaufnahme, die bei der Forschung als Stimulus verwendet wurde, zu finden sind.
Lenard scheme for two dimensional periodic Volterra chain
Creators: name: Wang, Jing Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that for compatible weakly nonlocal Hamiltonian and symplectic operators, hierarchies of infinitely many commuting local symmetries and conservation laws can be generated under some easily verified conditions no matter whether the generating Nijenhuis operators are weakly nonlocal or not. We construct a recursion operator of the two dimensional periodic Volterra chain from its Lax representation and prove that it is a Nijenhuis operator. Furthermore we show this system is a (generalised) bi-Hamiltonian system. Rather surprisingly, the product of its weakly nonlocal Hamiltonian and symplectic operators gives rise to the square of the recursion operator.
description: Submit to Journal of Mathematical Physics
ReaSCAN: Compositional Reasoning in Language Grounding
Creators: name: Wu, Zhengxuan
name: Kreiss, Elisa
name: Ong, Desmond C.
name: Potts, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability to compositionally map language to referents, relations, and actions is an essential component of language understanding. The recent gSCAN dataset (Ruis et al. 2020, NeurIPS) is an inspiring attempt to assess the capacity of models to learn this kind of grounding in scenarios involving navigational instructions. However, we show that gSCAN's highly constrained design means that it does not require compositional interpretation and that many details of its instructions and scenarios are not required for task success. To address these limitations, we propose ReaSCAN, a benchmark dataset that builds off gSCAN but requires compositional language interpretation and reasoning about entities and relations. We assess two models on ReaSCAN: a multi-modal baseline and a state-of-the-art graph convolutional neural model. These experiments show that ReaSCAN is substantially harder than gSCAN for both neural architectures. This suggests that ReaSCAN can serve as a valuable benchmark for advancing our understanding of models' compositional generalization and reasoning capabilities.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
Why all the Excitement About the Smart Grid?
Creators: Fereidoon P. Sioshansi
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2017

Newsletter
A portion of Southern California abruptly lost power on September 8, 2011, inconveniencing some 6 million people. Grid-related outages, not counting those affecting the distribution network during storms, hurricanes and tornadoes, occur with regularity and are more than mere annoyances.
Synthesis and application of EDTA grafed metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and graphene composite for the electrochemical detection of lead(II)
Creators: name: Li, Mingyan
name: Liao, Shuyi
name: Wang, Shiyu
name: Gao, Xiang
name: Liu, Zhibao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: The rapid and sensitive detection of heavy metal ion concentrations in water holds significant importance for water resource quality control and protection. In this study, we developed a novel electrochemical sensor utilising a composite material consisting of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) grafted metal-organic frameworks (MOFs NH2-UiO-66) and graphene to detect Pb2+ in water. The NH2-UiO-66 material exhibited a large specific surface area and porous structure, which was advantageous for the pre-enrichment of the heavy meatal ions. EDTA contained abundant – COOH groups, enabling it to chelate metal ions and increase the reaction sites of redox reactions. The introduction of graphene improved the conductivity of the composite, facilitating electron transfer and enhancing the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor. Under optimal conditions, the linear range for Pb2+ detection was 0.1 μM–50 μM, and the limit of detection was achieved at 0.052 μM. Furthermore, simultaneous detection of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was successfully accomplished. The fabricated sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, reproducibility and stability.
Ripensare la ricerca italiana in linguistica educativa
Creators: name: Balboni, Paolo
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

This is not a research essay, it is a survey of the characteristics of present-day research essays in Italian educational linguistics. Many weak points are pointed out, most of which concern ‘borders’, such as the fuzzy epistemological borders between educational linguistics and other scientific areas; the frequent overlapping of different research typologies, which require different methodologies and have different rhetorical structures; confusion as far as implied readers are concerned. The consequence is that sometimes edulinguistic research allows amateurish trips outside educational linguistics, and allows for non educational linguists to take amateurish trips (and sometimes jobs) in the field of educational linguistics. A tentative list of parameters that can be used by referees, editors and evaluators is provided, in order to define the quality of studies before they are accepted in journals and conferences.

description: EL.LE
Impact of Cation Stoichiometry on the Crystalline Structure and Superconductivity in Nickelates
Creators: name: Li, Yueying
name: Sun, Wenjie
name: Yang, Jiangfeng
name: Cai, Xiangbin
name: Guo, Wei
name: Gu, Zhengbin
name: Zhu, Ye
name: Nie, Yuefeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelate films has aroused great interest since it provides a new platform to explore the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity. However, superconductivity only appears in the thin film form and synthesizing superconducting nickelate films is extremely challenging, limiting the in-depth studies on this compound. Here, we explore the critical parameters in the growth of high quality nickelate films using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We found that stoichiometry is crucial in optimizing the crystalline structure and realizing superconductivity in nickelate films. In precursor NdNiO3 films, optimal stoichiometry of cations yields the most compact lattice while off-stoichiometry of cations causes obvious lattice expansion, influencing the subsequent topotactic reduction and the emergence of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelates. Surprisingly, in-situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) indicates that some impurity phases always appear once Sr ions are doped into NdNiO3 although the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data are of high quality. While these impurity phases do not seem to suppress the superconductivity, their impacts on the electronic and magnetic structure deserve further studies. Our work demonstrates and highlights the significance of cation stoichiometry in superconducting nickelate family.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
L’uso delle mappe mentali per l’apprendimento della lingua francese
Creators: name: Benzo, Veronica
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

It is easy to teach a good student who shows no difficulty in learning. A greater commitment is necessary however, with a learner who is unable to follow the set pace and pursue the set educational objectives. This paper is the fruit of a collaborative, didactic experience centered on the use of mental maps which has led to excellent results. This tool is often associated with didactics for learners who have specific learning difficulties. We have used mental maps in the organizational stage of learner’s study, for their presentations, in the review stage and for their written French work, increasing both the performance and concentration of university students.

description: EL.LE
Highly efficient removal of a toxic methylene blue dye by adsorption on CuAlMnO nanoparticles: adsorption kinetics, isotherm, and mechanism studies using statistical modelling
Creators: name: Patil, Yogita
name: Attarde, Sanjay
name: Fegade, Umesh
name: Bakather, Omer Y.
name: Ali, Syed Kashif
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Space Science
Medicine
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In the current study, the three-dimensional (3D) CuAlMnO nanoparticles were successfully fabricated using the co-precipitation method. For the examination of the surface functionalization, shape, natural proportion, and practical gathering of these nanoparticles, different scientific strategies (FE-SEM, HRTEM, SAED, Mapping, EDX, XRD, and FT-IR) were utilised. SEM images indicated that the nanoparticles had a structure resembling a circular shape. The methylene blue (MB) adsorption activities of the prepared 3D CuAlMnO nanoparticles were investigated as an adsorbent for the first time. The 3D CuAlMnO nanoparticles exhibit improved MB adsorption with a high removal percentage of more than 99.21% and a maximum adsorption capacity of 222.22 mg/g at an equilibrium time within less than 40 minutes by optimising the loading of CuAlMnO nanoparticles. The thermodynamics, and isotherm examinations for the adsorption of MB over the CuAlMnO nanoparticles exhibit that the adsorption interaction follows an exothermic process and is well-fitted with the typical Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic. The n upsides of the model boundaries were, separately, n = 0.999, 0.989, and 0.992 at 298, 308, and 318 K (all values are under 1). Consequently, interactions between MB active sites and CuAlMnO nanoparticles were thought to involve a variety of locking mechanisms as well as horizontal molecule orientation. At 298, 308, and 318 K, Qsat had values of 142.086, 0.215, and 0.181 mg/g, respectively. According to the findings of Qsat, as the temperature rises, MB molecules and CuAlMnO nanoparticles rarely encounter one another.
Chordal and factor-width decompositions for scalable semidefinite and polynomial optimization
Creators: name: Zheng, Yang
name: Fantuzzi, Giovanni
name: Papachristodoulou, Antonis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Chordal and factor-width decomposition methods for semidefinite programming and polynomial optimization have recently enabled the analysis and control of large-scale linear systems and medium-scale nonlinear systems. Chordal decomposition exploits the sparsity of semidefinite matrices in a semidefinite program (SDP), in order to formulate an equivalent SDP with smaller semidefinite constraints that can be solved more efficiently. Factor-width decompositions, instead, relax or strengthen SDPs with dense semidefinite matrices into more tractable problems, trading feasibility or optimality for lower computational complexity. This article reviews recent advances in large-scale semidefinite and polynomial optimization enabled by these two types of decomposition, highlighting connections and differences between them. We also demonstrate that chordal and factor-width decompositions allow for significant computational savings on a range of classical problems from control theory, and on more recent problems from machine learning. Finally, we outline possible directions for future research that have the potential to facilitate the efficient optimization-based study of increasingly complex large-scale dynamical systems.
description: 49 pages, 21 figures, 4 tables
title: On the Determinization of Weighted Automata
Creators: name: Kirsten, Daniel
name: Mäurer, Ina
Publisher: name: Institut für Informatik, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen
Year: 2005

description: In the paper, we generalize an algorithm and some related results by Mohri [25] for
determinization of weighted finite automata (WFA) over the tropical semiring. We
present the underlying mathematical concepts of his algorithm in a precise way for
arbitrary semirings. We define a class of semirings in which we can show that the twins
property is sufficient for the termination of the algorithm. We also introduce single-valued WFA
and give a partial correction of a claim by Mohri [25] by showing several
characterizations of single-valued WFA, e. g., the formal power series computed by a
single-valued WFA is subsequential iff it has bounded variation. Also, it is decidable
in polynomial time whether a given WFA over the tropical semiring is single-valued.
description: Journal of Automata, Languages and Combinatorics, Volume 10, Numbers 2-3, 2005, 287-312
Nature of Microscopic Black Holes and Gravity in Theories with Particle Species
Creators: name: Dvali, Gia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relying solely on unitarity and the consistency with large-distance black hole physics, we derive model-independent properties of the microscopic black holes and of short-distance gravity in theories with N particle species. In this class of theories black holes can be as light as M_{Planck}/\sqrt{N} and be produced in particle collisions above this energy. We show, that the micro black holes must come in the same variety as the species do, although their label is not associated with any conserved charge measurable at large distances. In contrast with big Schwarzschildian ones, the evaporation of the smallest black holes is maximally undemocratic and is biased in favor of particular species. With an increasing mass the democracy characteristic to the usual macro black holes is gradually regained. The lowest possible mass above which black holes become Einsteinian is \sqrt{N} M_{Planck}. This fact uncovers the new fundamental scale (below the quantum gravity scale) above which gravity changes classically, and the properties of black holes and gravity are such as if some extra dimensions open up, although no such input exists in the theory. Our observations indicate that geometry of space may be an emergent concept following from large number of species and the consistency with macro black hole physics. We apply our findings to the phenomenological properties of the micro black holes that can be observed at LHC for large N. Extrapolating our findings to small N, one may ask whether the existence of quark and lepton flavors is already an evidence for emergent extra dimensions at short distances.
description: 14 pages
Additional file 1 of How have governments supported citizens stranded abroad due to COVID-19 travel restrictions? A comparative analysis of the financial and health support in eleven countries
Creators: name: McDermid, Pippa
name: Craig, Adam
name: Sheel, Meru
name: Seale, Holly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Government information sources accessed between June 18 to June 30, 2021.
Polymeric ferrite composites as versatile adsorbents for enhanced reactive blue dye removal: a promising solution for treating textile wastewater
Creators: name: Mustafa, Ghulam
name: Noreen, Saima
name: Bhatti, Haq Nawaz
name: Asghar, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Water contamination caused by the increasing industry and urbanisation is one of the most significant environmental problems that entire planet is facing. Various polymeric ferrite composites synthesised in the current study were employed to remove the synthetic reactive dye blue-248 from wastewater. The polymeric ferrite composites were characterised using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to observe the surface morphology, crystallinity and chemical structure of as-prepared composites. The optimum removal of dye using Ni-CoFe2O4/Chitosan, Zn-NiFe2O4/Starch, CoNiZnFe2O4/Polyaniline, Ni doped CrZnFe2O4/Alginate, Cr doped ZnCoFe2O4/PVA was at (i) pH 2 (32.34 mg/g), 3 (30.31 mgg−1), 3 (21.05 mgg−1), 3 (25.69 mgg−1) and 4 (38.61 mgg−1), (ii) optimum dose (0.03 mg/g) 32.40, 30.27, 21.91, 25.98 and 39.2 mg/g, (iii) Contact time (6090 min) 46.898, 37.70, 43.318, 29.356 and 34.12 mg/g, (iv) Initial dye concentration 32.24 mgg1, 25.79 mgg−1 (120 mg/L), 35.85 mgg−1, 28.37 mgg−1 and 40.37 mgg−1 (150 mg/L) and (v) temperature (65°C) 29.67, 27.08, 21.66, 23.60 and 41.40 mg/g, respectively. Different equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic models were used to check the nature of sorption, reaction rate/order of reaction and feasibility of reaction, respectively. The effect of presence of various electrolytes, different metals and surfactants in wastewater were also studied. For dye removal on a large scale, the effects of bed height (1–3 cm), flow rate (1.8–5.4) and initial dye concentration (50–90 ppm) were examined in column study. Different eluents were used for the desorption study of reactive dyes to check the reusability of process.
Imparare dagli errori: apprendenti russofoni di italiano LS/L2
Creators: name: Masla, Alina
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

The study deals with written errors in Italian language made by Russian learners and their use in Italian LS/L2 lessons. The cultural-linguistic background of Russian learners of Italian and the differences in the morphosyntax of Italian and Russian are partly accounted for causes of such errors. The paper focuses on the didactic advantages of ranking multiple choice test on the base of the degree of incorrectness of the proposed choice: it supports the importance of using systematic errors as a source to create ad hoc multiple choice, and to trigger students’ conscious second language learning.

description: EL.LE
On aberration in gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Sereno, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that a relative translational motion between the deflector and the observer affects gravitational lensing. In this paper, a lens equation is obtained to describe such effects on actual lensing observables. Results can be easily interpreted in terms of aberration of light-rays. Both radial and transverse motions with relativistic velocities are considered. The lens equation is derived by first considering geodesic motion of photons in the rest-frame Schwarzschild spacetime of the lens, and, then, light-ray detection in the moving observer's frame. Due to the transverse motion images are displaced and distorted in the observer's celestial sphere, whereas the radial velocity along the line of sight causes an effective re-scaling of the lens mass. The Einstein ring is distorted to an ellipse whereas the caustics in the source plane are still point-like. Either for null transverse motion or up to linear order in velocities, the critical curve is still a circle with its radius corrected by a factor (1+z_d) with respect to the static case, z_d being the relativistic Doppler shift of the deflector. From the observational point of view, the orbital motion of the Earth can cause potentially observable corrections of the order of the microarcsec in lensing towards the super-massive black hole at the Galactic center. On a cosmological scale, tangential peculiar velocities of cluster of galaxies bring about a typical flexion in images of background galaxies in the weak lensing regime but future measurements seem to be too much challenging.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, in press on PRD
English Lingua Franca: New Parameters for the Teaching (and Testing) of English Pronunciation?
Creators: name: Newbold, David
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

The recent (2018) Companion Volume to the Common European Framework offers an overhaul of many of the scales of descriptors, including, notably, phonology. A single, skeletal, scale for ‘phonological control’ is replaced by three scales, describing overall control, sound articulation, and prosodic features. In each of these, the focus has become intelligibility, rather than proximity to a native speaker accent. In this article I examine the development of pronunciation teaching since the communicative revolution, and the rise of English as a lingua franca (ELF) in which intelligibility is crucial. The article concludes with a reflection on how (if at all) the revised framework could inform an ELF aware assessment of pronunciation.

description: EL.LE
The Promotion of Intercultural Understanding in English Language Teaching Textbooks
Creators: name: De Bartolo, Anna Maria
name: Mancuso, Costanza
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

The paper centres around the idea that second language learning is an intercultural process. The global role of English as a primary means of intercultural communication has highlighted the need to develop intercultural competences in language learners. Based on these premises, this study will explore the extent to which intercultural aspects are incorporated in course materials and textbooks. A content analysis of 4 textbooks will be conducted. The preliminary results will highlight the limited coverage of intercultural content in most of the textbooks analysed and the need to promote intercultural knowledge and understanding in the language classroom.

description: EL.LE
Cenerentola entra a palazzo: il nuovo ruolo della pronuncia nell’insegnamento linguistico
Creators: name: Busà, Maria Grazia
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

This paper provides an overview of the current status of L2 pronunciation teaching and shows that there is a greater appreciation for L2 pronunciation teaching today than there was in the past. The paper starts by reviewing the main theoretical approaches in pronunciation teaching of the past 70 years and introduces today’s approach focusing on ‘speech intelligibility’ rather than on the achievement of native-like pronun-ciation. It then addresses the following issues: what we mean by foreign accent and speech intelligibility; how foreign accent can affect communication and speakers’ integration in society; what challenges present-day L2 pronunciation teachers; how technology can help.

description: EL.LE
Application of the Lifshitz theory to poor conductors
Creators: name: Svetovoy, Vitaly B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lifshitz formula for the dispersive forces is generalized to the materials, which cannot be described with the local dielectric response. Principal nonlocality of poor conductors is related with the finite screening length of the penetrating field and the collisional relaxation; at low temperatures the role of collisions plays the Landau damping. The spatial dispersion makes the theory self consistent. Our predictions are compared with the recent experiment. It is demonstrated that at low temperatures the Casimir-Lifshitz entropy disappears as $T$ in the case of degenerate plasma and as $T^2$ for the nondegenerate one.
description: Accepted for publication in PRL
Strategia didattica per sviluppare la comprensione della lettura negli studenti di Italiano I presso un’università privata di Lima
Creators: name: Autori Vari | Various Authors
Publisher: name: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, Italia
Year: 2021

description:

The purpose of this research study is to design a didactic strategy that develops the reading comprehension of students of Italian I course at a private university in Lima. The study is framed within the interpretative paradigm, with a qualitative approach and within the research type of applied education. The sample consisted on two Italian teachers, the academic coordinator of other languages department and thirty-five Beca 18 students. The students were registered in eight Italian I courses of the 2018-01 semester at this private university. The participants were selected using a non-probabilistic convenient sampling. The research study is based on the different theories, approaches, models and strategies related to the reading comprehension of Italian as a foreign language. The research tools used for the data collection process were participant-observation, depth interview, student survey and an Italian reading comprehension test (CILS). The diagnosis performed in this study is based on current developments on the state of reading comprehension of Italian I course, in order to understand the level of competence achieved by these students and their perceptions of in classroom reading comprehension activities. In addition, this study also observed the teachers’ theoretical and practical knowledges inside the teaching and learning processes. The didactic strategy proposed in this study aims to respond coherently to the problem identified and to provide an understanding of this complex mental process through which the student interprets, assimilates, organizes and values texts in Italian.

description: EL.LE
Language Model Metrics and Procrustes Analysis for Improved Vector Transformation of NLP Embeddings
Creators: name: Conley, Thomas
name: Kalita, Jugal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial Neural networks are mathematical models at their core. This truismpresents some fundamental difficulty when networks are tasked with Natural Language Processing. A key problem lies in measuring the similarity or distance among vectors in NLP embedding space, since the mathematical concept of distance does not always agree with the linguistic concept. We suggest that the best way to measure linguistic distance among vectors is by employing the Language Model (LM) that created them. We introduce Language Model Distance (LMD) for measuring accuracy of vector transformations based on the Distributional Hypothesis ( LMD Accuracy ). We show the efficacy of this metric by applying it to a simple neural network learning the Procrustes algorithm for bilingual word mapping.
Chaotic shock waves of a Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Hai, Wenhua
name: Zhu, Qianquan
name: Rong, Shiguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is demonstrated that the well-known Smale-horseshoe chaos exists in the time evolution of the one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) driven by the time-periodic harmonic or inverted-harmonic potential. A formally exact solution of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation is constructed, which describes the matter shock waves with chaotic or periodic amplitudes and phases. When the periodic driving is switched off and the number of condensed atoms is conserved, we obtained the exact stationary states and non-stationary states. The former contains the stable non-propagated shock wave, and in the latter the shock wave alternately collapses and grows for the harmonic trapping or propagates with exponentially increased shock-front speed for the antitrapping. It is revealed that existence of chaos play a role for suppressing the blast of matter wave. The results suggest a method for preparing the exponentially accelerated BEC shock waves or the stable stationary states.
description: 5 pages, 1 figures
Superlattice properties of semiconductor nanohelices in a transverse electric field
Creators: name: Kibis, O. V.
name: Portnoi, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A charge carrier confined in a quasi-one-dimensional semiconductor helical nanostructure in the presence of an electric field normal to the axis of the helix is subjected to a periodic potential proportional to the strength of the field and the helix radius. As a result, electronic properties of such nanohelices are similar to those of semiconductor superlattices with parameters controlled by the applied field. These properties include Bragg scattering of charge carriers by a periodic potential, which results in energy gap opening at the edge of the superlattice Brillouin zone. This provides an opportunity for creating a new class of tunable high-frequency devices based on semiconductor nanohelices.
description: 6 pages, 1 fugure
A simple indicator displacement assay ensemble for rapid and selective determination and naked-eye detection of Cu2+ and citrate through a novel diazo-based colorimetric chemosensor
Creators: name: Tavallali, Hossein
name: Parhami, Abolfath
name: Ghasemi, Fatemeh
name: Karimi, Mohammad Ali
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biochemistry
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Computational Biology

description: Citrate as a naturally occurring ion with important biological roles, especially in metabolic cycles, and as an important biomarker in the early diagnosis of many diseases, including prostate cancer, has received special attention. In the present study, a novel, sensitive, fast and simple colorimetric bisazo-based chemosensor was developed for sequential determination and naked-eye detection of Cu2+ and citrate. UV-Vis spectroscopic studies showed that Reactive Red 141 (RR141) exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity towards Cu2+ in the presence of many other cations in deionised water (10 mmol L−1 MES(2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid)/NaOH buffer solution, pH 6.0) and complex real samples as well. The obvious colorimetric response while interaction with copper and citrate is due to complexation between RR141 and Cu2+, and then the citrate detection occurred through metal transfer from the RR141-Cu2+ towards the citrate anion releasing RR141 via an indicator displacement route. The mechanism of detection has been carefully investigated using the semi-empirical calculation method of MM2 molecular mechanics. The proposed detection method for citrate ion has a detection limit of 0.15 µmol L−1 and a satisfactory linear range of 1.92–45.96 µmol L−1, which is consistent with the desired average diagnostic concentration in prostate cancer (less than 2 mmol L−1). Our studies’ results indicate the high capability of the developed chemical sensor for quantitative and qualitative citrate detection in various complex media, including biological and clinical real samples.