cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phytic acid-assisted electrochemically synthesized three-dimensional O, P-functionalized graphene monoliths with high capacitive performance
Creators: name: Zhang, Z.-W.
name: Liu, L.
name: Li, H.-Y.
name: Liu, L.
name: Wang, S.-S.
name: Yu, Y.
name: Wu, Y.
Publisher: name: Royal Society of Chemistry
Year: 2017

description: Three-dimensional functionalized graphene monoliths (3DFGMs) have attracted intensive attention as energy storage materials due to their unique interconnected porous structure, good electrical conductivity, excellent mechanical strength, and pseudocapacitive characteristic. Herein, we report a facile, green and low-cost strategy through a simple, one-step electrochemical process in a phytic acid solution to fabricate a 3DFGM. The 3D porous structure and functionalization of graphene can be obtained simultaneously. The as-obtained 3DFGM that consists of 3D porous O, P-functionalized few-layer graphene shows high specific surface area and good electrical conductivity. The 3DFGM with these characteristics exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including an ultrahigh specific areal capacitance of 485 mF cm-2, superior rate performance, and outstanding cycling stability. Most importantly, the assembled 3DFGM//3DFGM symmetric supercapacitor exhibits a high specific areal capacitance of 225 mF cm-2 and delivers a maximum energy density of 1.2 W h L-1 and a power density of 560 W L-1 in aqueous electrolyte. Therefore, this work provides a promising method for the future design and fabrication of high performance 3D functionalized graphene-based electrodes for energy storage devices.
A 237 Gbps Unrolled Hardware Polar Decoder
Creators: name: Giard, Pascal
name: Sarkis, Gabi
name: Thibeault, Claude
name: Gross, Warren J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this letter we present a new architecture for a polar decoder using a reduced complexity successive cancellation decoding algorithm. This novel fully-unrolled, deeply-pipelined architecture is capable of achieving a coded throughput of over 237 Gbps for a (1024,512) polar code implemented using an FPGA. This decoder is two orders of magnitude faster than state-of-the-art polar decoders.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The SQUALO project (Star formation in QUiescent And Luminous Objects) I: clump-fed accretion mechanism in high-mass star-forming objects
Creators: name: Traficante, A.
name: Jones, B. M.
name: Avison, A.
name: Fuller, G. A.
name: Benedettini, M.
name: Elia, D.
name: Molinari, S.
name: Peretto, N.
name: Pezzuto, S.
name: Pillai, T.
name: Rygl, K. L. J.
name: Schisano, E.
name: Smith, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation mechanism of the most massive stars is far from completely understood. It is still unclear if the formation is core-fed or clump-fed, i.e. if the process is an extension of what happens in low-mass stars, or if the process is more dynamical such as a continuous, multi-scale accretion from the gas at parsec (or even larger) scales. In this context we introduce the SQUALO project, an ALMA 1.3 mm and 3 mm survey designed to investigate the properties of 13 massive clumps selected at various evolutionary stages, with the common feature that they all show evidence for accretion at the clump scale. In this work we present the results obtained from the 1.3 mm continuum data. Our observations identify 55 objects with masses in the range 0.4 <~ M <~ 309 M_sun, with evidence that the youngest clumps already present some degree of fragmentation. The data show that physical properties such as mass and surface density of the fragments and their parent clumps are tightly correlated. The minimum distance between fragments decreases with evolution, suggesting a dynamical scenario in which massive clumps first fragment under the influence of non-thermal motions driven by the competition between turbulence and gravity. With time gravitational collapse takes over and the fragments organize themselves into more thermally supported objects while continuing to accrete from their parent clump. Finally, one source does not fragment, suggesting that the support of other mechanisms (such as magnetic fields) is crucial only in specific star-forming regions.
description: 25 pages, 15 Figures, 9 Tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
On the estimation of integrated volatility in the presence of jumps and microstructure noise
Creators: name: Brownlees, Christian
name: Nualart, Eulalia
name: Yucheng Sun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: This paper is concerned with the problem of the estimation of the integrated volatility of log-prices based on high frequency data when both price jumps and market microstructure noise are present. We begin by providing a survey of the leading estimators introduced in the literature to tackle volatility estimation in this setting. We then introduce novel integrated volatility estimators based on a truncation technique and establish their properties. Finally, we carry out a simulation study to compare the performance of the different estimation techniques.
Solvation of Lithium Ion in Dimethoxyethane and Propylene Carbonate
Creators: name: Chaban, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solvation of the lithium ion (Li+) in dimethoxyethane (DME) and propylene carbonate (PC) is of scientific significance and urgency in the context of lithium-ion batteries. I report PM7-MD simulations on the composition of Li+ solvation shells (SH) in a few DME/PC mixtures. The equimolar mixture features preferential solvation by PC, in agreement with classical MD studies. However, one DME molecule is always present in the first SH, supplementing the cage formed by five PC molecules. As PC molecules get removed, DME gradually substitutes vacant places. In the PC-poor mixtures, an entire SH is populated by five DME molecules.
Thermal transfer effects on postbuckling behaviors of common bulkhead structures
Creators: name:  CHANG-MIN LEE
name:   CHANG-HOON SIM
name:   JAE-SANG PARK
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the Aerospace Europe Conference - EUCASS - CEAS - 2023
Year: 2023
Subjects: COMMON BULKHEAD
HEAT TRANSFER
THERMAL-STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
POSTBUCKLING ANALYSIS
KNOCKDOWN FACTOR

description: The common bulkhead structure can be used to reduce the weight of space launch vehicles. In this study, nonlinear postbuckling analyses are conducted to derive the buckling Knockdown Factor (KDF) for the common bulkhead structures considering geometric initial and thermal imperfection. A commercial Perturbation Dimple Approach (SPDA) is used to implement the geometric initial imperfection. The thermal imperfection is represented by thermal-structural coupled analyses. The most conservative KDF in this work is 0.465 when both the geometric initial imperfection and the thermal imperfection are considered. This result is higher by 132% than NASA\'s buckling design criteria (0.200). Therefore, lightweight design of space launch vehicles may be possible using the present buckling KDFs.
Liouville transformations and quantum reflection
Creators: name: Dufour, Gabriel
name: Guérout, Romain
name: Lambrecht, Astrid
name: Reynaud, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Liouville transformations of Schrödinger equations preserve the scattering amplitudes while changing the effective potential. We discuss the properties of these gauge transformations and introduce a special Liouville gauge which allows one to map the problem of quantum reflection of an atom on an attractive Casimir-Polder well into that of reflection on a repulsive wall. We deduce a quantitative evaluation of quantum reflection probabilities in terms of the universal probability which corresponds to the solution of the $V_4=-C_4/z^4$ far-end Casimir-Polder potential.
A theory of dichotomous valuation with applications to variable selection
Creators: name: Xingwei Hu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: An econometric or statistical model may undergo a marginal gain if we admit a new variable to the model, and a marginal loss if we remove an existing variable from the model. Assuming equality of opportunity among all candidate variables, we derive a valuation framework by the expected marginal gain and marginal loss in all potential modeling scenarios. However, marginal gain and loss are not symmetric; thus, we introduce three unbiased solutions. When used in variable selection, our new approaches significantly outperform several popular methods used in practice. The results also explore some novel traits of the Shapley value.
The photometric periods of rapidly rotating field ultra-cool dwarfs
Creators: name: Miles-Páez, Paulo A.
name: Metchev, Stanimir A.
name: George, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 1-m class telescopes and the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) to explore the photometric variability of all known rapidly rotating ($v\sin{i}\gtrsim30$ km\,s$^{-1}$) ultra-cool ($\geq$M7) dwarfs brighter than $I\approx17.5$ mag. For a sample of 13 M7--L1.5 dwarfs without prior photometric periods, we obtained $I$-band light curves with the SMARTS 1.3m and WIYN 0.9m telescopes and detected rotation-modulated photometric variability in three of them. Seven of our targets were also observed by TESS and six of them show significant periodicities compatible with the estimated rotation periods of the targets. We investigate the potential of TESS to search for rotation-modulated photometric variability in ultra-cool dwarfs and find that its long stare enables $<$80~h periodic variations to be retrieved with $\leq$1\% amplitudes for ultra-cool dwarfs up to a TESS magnitude of 16.5. We combine these results with the periods of all other known photometrically-periodic ultra-cool dwarfs from the literature, and find that the periods of ultra-cool dwarfs range between 1 and 24 h, although the upper limit is likely an observational bias. We also observe that the minimum rotation periods follow a lower envelope that runs from $\approx$2 h at spectral type $\approx$M8 to $\approx$1 h at spectral type T.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of The SGLT2 inhibitor Empagliflozin promotes post-stroke functional recovery in diabetic mice
Creators: name: Vercalsteren, Ellen
name: Karampatsi, Dimitra
name: Buizza, Carolina
name: Nyström, Thomas
name: Klein, Thomas
name: Paul, Gesine
name: Patrone, Cesare
name: Darsalia, Vladimer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Effect of Empagliflozin-treatment on the metabolic profile of sham-operated animals. Figure S2. Effect of Empagliflozin-treatment on striatal Iba1 expression in sham-operated animals. Figure S3. Effect of Empagliflozin-treatment on pericyte activation. Figure S4. Effect of Empagliflozin-treatment on BBB leakage and vascularization after stroke. Figure S5. Effect of Empagliflozin-treatment on BBB leakage and vascularisation in sham-operated animals.
Entanglement-based continuous-variable quantum key distribution with multimode states and detectors
Creators: name: Usenko, Vladyslav C.
name: Ruppert, Laszlo
name: Filip, Radim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Secure quantum key distribution with multimode Gaussian entangled states and multimode homodyne detectors is proposed. In general the multimode character of both the sources of entanglement and the homodyne detectors can cause a security break even for a perfect channel when trusted parties are unaware of the detection structure. Taking into account the multimode structure and potential leakage of information from a homodyne detector reduces the loss of security to some extent. We suggest the symmetrization of the multimode sources of entanglement as an efficient method allowing us to fully recover the security irrespectively to multimode structure of the homodyne detectors. Further, we demonstrate that by increasing the number of the fluctuating but similar source modes the multimode protocol stabilizes the security of the quantum key distribution. The result opens the pathway towards quantum key distribution with multimode sources and detectors.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Nucleation and Growth Process of Water Adsorption in Micropores of Activated Carbon Revealed by NMR
Creators: name: Ling, Y.
name: Song, Y.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Kleinhammes, A.
name: Xing, Y.
name: Chong, Y.
name: Raghavan, A.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2017

description: Properties of liquids at solid interfaces play a central role in numerous important processes in nature. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is particularly useful for probing liquid/graphitic carbon interfacial properties. In particular, the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) provides a sensitive measure of the distance between adsorbates and the graphitic carbon surface on the subnanometer scale, enabling NMR to acquire subnanometer scale spatial resolution. Here, by combining the information on thermodynamics obtained from in situ NMR-detected water isotherm and spatially resolved information on structure and dynamics obtained by NICS-resolved NMR, the microscopic process of water nucleation and growth inside the micropore of activated carbons is investigated. The formation of water clusters at surface sites, the cooperative growth process of pore bridging, and the final stage of horizontal pore filling are revealed in detail, demonstrating the potential of this comprehensive NMR approach for studying microscopic mechanisms at solid/liquid interfaces including electrochemical processes.
Design and analysis of ADER-type schemes for model advection-diffusion-reaction equations
Creators: name: Busto, Saray
name: Toro, Eleuterio F.
name: Vazquez-Cendon, Maria Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct, analyse and assess various schemes of second order of accuracy in space and time for model advection-diffusion-reaction differential equations. The constructed schemes are meant to be of practical use in solving industrial problems and are derived following two related approaches, namely ADER and MUSCL-Hancock. Detailed analysis of linear stability and local truncation error are carried out. In addition, the schemes are implemented and assessed for various test problems. Empirical convergence rate studies confirm the theoretically expected accuracy in both space and time.
A bootstrap approach for generalized Autocontour testing Implications for VIX forecast densities
Creators: name: Mazzeu, João Henrique G.
name: González-Rivera, Gloria
name: Ruiz, Esther
name: Veiga, Helena
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Plant Biology

description: We propose an extension of the Generalized Autocontour tests for dynamic specification (evaluation) of in-sample (out-of-sample) conditional densities. The new tests are based on probability integral transforms computed from bootstrap conditional densities that incorporate parameter uncertainty without relying on parametric assumptions of the error distribution. Their finite sample distributions are well approximated using standard asymptotic distributions while they are easy to implement and provide information about potential sources of misspecification. We apply the new tests to the Heterogeneous Autoregressive and the Multiplicative Error models of the VIX index and find strong evidence against the parametric assumptions of the conditional densities.
Explainable Deep Reinforcement Learning: State of the Art and Challenges
Creators: name: Vouros, George A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Interpretability, explainability and transparency are key issues to introducing Artificial Intelligence methods in many critical domains: This is important due to ethical concerns and trust issues strongly connected to reliability, robustness, auditability and fairness, and has important consequences towards keeping the human in the loop in high levels of automation, especially in critical cases for decision making, where both (human and the machine) play important roles. While the research community has given much attention to explainability of closed (or black) prediction boxes, there are tremendous needs for explainability of closed-box methods that support agents to act autonomously in the real world. Reinforcement learning methods, and especially their deep versions, are such closed-box methods. In this article we aim to provide a review of state of the art methods for explainable deep reinforcement learning methods, taking also into account the needs of human operators - i.e., of those that take the actual and critical decisions in solving real-world problems. We provide a formal specification of the deep reinforcement learning explainability problems, and we identify the necessary components of a general explainable reinforcement learning framework. Based on these, we provide a comprehensive review of state of the art methods, categorizing them in classes according to the paradigm they follow, the interpretable models they use, and the surface representation of explanations provided. The article concludes identifying open questions and important challenges.
New Gravitational Memories
Creators: name: Pasterski, Sabrina
name: Strominger, Andrew
name: Zhiboedov, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional gravitational memory effect is a relative displacement in the position of two detectors induced by radiative energy flux. We find a new type of gravitational `spin memory' in which beams on clockwise and counterclockwise orbits acquire a relative delay induced by radiative angular momentum flux. It has recently been shown that the displacement memory formula is a Fourier transform in time of Weinberg's soft graviton theorem. Here we see that the spin memory formula is a Fourier transform in time of the recently-discovered subleading soft graviton theorem.
description: 17 pages
GenEx: A simple generator structure for exclusive processes in high energy collisions
Creators: name: Kycia, R. A.
name: Chwastowski, J.
name: Staszewski, R.
name: Turnau, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple C++ class structure for construction of a Monte Carlo event generators which can produce unweighted events within relativistic phase space is presented. The generator is self-adapting to the provided matrix element and acceptance cuts. The program is designed specially for exclusive processes and includes, as an example of such an application, implementation of the model for exclusive production of meson pairs $pp \rightarrow p M^+M^- p $ in high energy proton-proton collisions.
description: 28 pages, 6 figures
Gebärdensprachdolmetschen im Spital. Umgang mit Belastungen
Creators: name: Schuler, Sabrina
name: Winkelmann, Vera Franziska
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Gebärdensprache
Gebärdensprachdolmetschen
Bachelorarbeit

description: Die hier vorliegende Bachelorarbeit setzt sich mit dem Dolmetschen im Spital auseinander. Sie basiert auf der Frage: Wie gehen Gebärdensprachdolmetschende mit belastend empfundenen Spitaleinsätzen um? Für die Beantwortung der Frage wurde Literatur beigezogen und eine qualitative Methode gewählt. Daher wurde ein Gruppeninterview mit sechs Proband*innen durchgeführt. Dem folgten die Transkription und Analyse der Tonspur anhand eines Computerprogramms. So wurde die Grundlage für die vertiefte Analyse gebildet. Die Haupterkenntnis war, dass die Interviewteilnehmenden über individuelle und unterschiedliche Strategien sowie Wahrnehmungen bezüglich der Belastung verfügen. Diese Forschungsergebnisse decken sich mit dem Literaturstudium. Im Rahmen der Interpretation und Diskussion wurden Hypothesen generiert, welche weiterführende Aspekte aufzeigen.
Robustness of Spatial Micronetworks
Creators: name: McAndrew, Thomas C.
name: Danforth, Christopher M.
name: Bagrow, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Power lines, roadways, pipelines and other physical infrastructure are critical to modern society. These structures may be viewed as spatial networks where geographic distances play a role in the functionality and construction cost of links. Traditionally, studies of network robustness have primarily considered the connectedness of large, random networks. Yet for spatial infrastructure physical distances must also play a role in network robustness. Understanding the robustness of small spatial networks is particularly important with the increasing interest in microgrids, small-area distributed power grids that are well suited to using renewable energy resources. We study the random failures of links in small networks where functionality depends on both spatial distance and topological connectedness. By introducing a percolation model where the failure of each link is proportional to its spatial length, we find that, when failures depend on spatial distances, networks are more fragile than expected. Accounting for spatial effects in both construction and robustness is important for designing efficient microgrids and other network infrastructure.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Nanowelding and patterning of silver nanowires via mask-free atmospheric cold plasma-jet scanning
Creators: name: Wu, Y.
name: Ye, D.
name: Li, H.-Y.
name: Yu, Y.
name: Liu, L.
name: Liu, L.
Publisher: name: Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2017

description: Silver nanowire (AgNW) thin film is a promising candidate to replace traditional indium tin oxide in optoelectronics applications. To date however, the widespread application of AgNW thin film is limited by the weak point contacts between individual AgNWs and the lack of facile patterning techniques. Here, we demonstrate a novel and facile method to not only nanoweld AgNW junctions but also pattern AgNW thin films via mask-free cold plasma-jet scanning in ambient conditions. After the plasma-jet nanowelding treatment, the morphology of AgNWs change substantially and the junctions are welded together. The nanowelded AgNWs-based thin film shows enhanced electrical and mechanical properties. On the other hand, after the plasma-jet patterning treatment, the AgNWs are etched and transformed into separated large particles. Different kinds of patterns are produced via this patterning technique. At last, a simple light emitting diode circuit is fabricated to demonstrate the suitability of the nanowelded and patterned AgNW electrodes for flexible electronic devices.
Unifying warfighting functions in mathematical modelling: combat, manoeuvre, and C2
Creators: name: Ahern, Ryan
name: Zuparic, Mathew
name: Hoek, Keeley
name: Kalloniatis, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The outcomes of warfare have rarely only been characterised by the quantity and quality of individual combatant force elements. The ability to manoeuvre and adapt across force elements through effective Command and Control (C2) can allow smaller or weaker forces to overcome an adversary with greater resource and fire-power. In this paper, we combine the classic Lanchester combat model with the Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model for phase oscillators on a network to create a flexible Networked-Lanchester-C2 representation of force-on-force military engagement. The mathematical model thus unifies three of the military warfighting `functions': fires, manoeuvre and C2. We consider three illustrative use-cases, and show that an analytical treatment of a reduced model characterises global effects in the full system. For inhomogeneous forces we observe that with appropriate balance between internal organisational coupling, resource manoeuvrability and even weaker lethality the force can be adaptive to overcome an initially stronger adversary.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures, preprint accepted by the Journal of the Operational Research Society
Source Address Validation
Creators: name: Korczyński, Maciej
name: Nosyk, Yevheniya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Source address validation (SAV) is a standard formalized in RFC 2827 aimed at discarding packets with spoofed source IP addresses. The absence of SAV has been known as a root cause of reflection distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks. Outbound SAV (oSAV): filtering applied at the network edge to traffic coming from inside the customer network to the outside. Inbound SAV (iSAV): filtering applied at the network edge to traffic coming from the outside to the customer network.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2006.05277, arXiv:2002.00441
Applications of the Generalised Langevin Equation: towards a realistic description of the baths
Creators: name: Ness, H.
name: Stella, L.
name: Lorenz, C. D.
name: Kantorovich, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Generalised Langevin Equation (GLE) method, as developed in Ref. [Phys. Rev. B 89, 134303 (2014)], is used to calculate the dissipative dynamics of systems described at the atomic level. The GLE scheme goes beyond the commonly used bilinear coupling between the central system and the bath, and permits us to have a realistic description of both the dissipative central system and its surrounding bath. We show how to obtain the vibrational properties of a realistic bath and how to convey such properties into an extended Langevin dynamics by the use of the mapping of the bath vibrational properties onto a set of auxiliary variables. Our calculations for a model of a Lennard-Jones solid show that our GLE scheme provides a stable dynamics, with the dissipative/relaxation processes properly described. The total kinetic energy of the central system always thermalises toward the expected bath temperature, with appropriate fluctuation around the mean value. More importantly, we obtain a velocity distribution for the individual atoms in the central system which follows the expected canonical distribution at the corresponding temperature. This confirms that both our GLE scheme and our mapping procedure onto an extended Langevin dynamics provide the correct thermostat. We also examined the velocity autocorrelation functions and compare our results with more conventional Langevin dynamics.
description: accepted for publication in PRB
SN 2018hna: Adding a Piece to the Puzzles of the Explosion of Blue Supergiants
Creators: name: Xiang, Danfeng
name: Wang, Xiaofeng
name: Zhang, Xinghan
name: Sai, Hanna
name: Zhang, Jujia
name: Brink, Thomas G.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Mo, Jun
name: Zhang, Tianmeng
name: Chen, Zhihao
name: Dessart, Luc
name: Li, Zhitong
name: Yan, Shengyu
name: Blinnikov, Sergei I.
name: Rui, Liming
name: Baron, E.
name: DerKacy, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present extensive optical/ultraviolet observations and modelling analysis for the nearby SN 1987A-like peculiar Type II supernova (SN) 2018hna. Both photometry and spectroscopy covered phases extending to $>$500 days after the explosion, making it one of the best-observed SN II of this subtype. SN 2018hna is obviously bluer than SN 1987A during the photospheric phase, suggesting higher photospheric temperature, which may account for weaker BaII $\mathrmλ$6142 lines in its spectra. Analysis of early-time temperature evolution suggests a radius of $\sim$45 $\mathrm{R_{\odot}}$ for the progenitor of SN 2018hna, consistent with a blue supergiant (BSG). By fitting the bolometric light curve with hydrodynamical models, we find that SN 2018hna has an ejecta mass of $\sim$(13.7--17.7) $\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$, a kinetic energy of $\sim$ (1.0--1.2) $\times 10^{51}$ erg, and a $^{56}$Ni mass of about 0.05 $\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$. Moreover, based on standard stellar evolution and the oxygen mass (0.44--0.73 $\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$) deduced from nebular [OI] lines, the progenitor of SN 2018hna is expected to have an initial main-sequence mass $<$16 $\mathrm{M_{\odot}}$. In principle, such a relatively low-mass star cannot end as a BSG just before core-collapse, except some unique mechanisms are involved, such as rapid rotation, restricted semiconvection, etc. On the other hand, binary scenario may be more favourable, like in the case of SN 1987A. While the much lower oxygen mass inferred for SN~2018hna may imply that its progenitor system also had much lower initial masses than that of SN 1987A.
description: 18 pages; accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Multiple mediation of the association between childhood emotional abuse and adult obesity by anxiety and bulimia – a sample from bariatric surgery candidates and healthy controls
Creators: name: Zhang, Hongwei
name: Liu, Ziqi
name: Zheng, Hui
name: Xu, Ting
name: Liu, Lin
name: Xu, Tao
name: Yuan, Ti-Fei
name: Han, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary material 1.
title: Provenance
title: Approaches to a Transatlantic Material History of Literature
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Jessen, Caroline
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 800 Literature (Belles-lettres) and rhetoric
subject: 810 American literature in English
subject: 830 German literature and literatures of related languages

description: Das Unterfangen transatlantischer Forschung stellt gängige Vorstellungen von Archiven in Frage. Caroline Jessen erkennt Tim Sommers Konzeptualisierung von Archiven in Bezug auf Materialität, Logistik und Ökonomie sowie Tobias Boes’ Verständnis von Archiven als Operationen in Abhängigkeit von Raum und Zeit an und plädiert für eine transatlantische Materialgeschichte der Literatur. Sie schlägt vor, Provenienz als epistemische Kategorie wahrzunehmen und, der Spur der Provenienzinformationen folgend, den Bestand, den die Kataloge der Archive sichtbar machen, durch die Berücksichtigung transatlantischer Transfers, früherer Eigentumsverhältnisse, Gebrauchs- und Bedeutungszusammenhänge zu hinterfragen.
description: The endeavor of transatlantic research challenges common ideas of archives. Acknowledging Tim Sommer's conceptualizing archives in terms of materiality, logistics, and economy as well as Tobias Boes' thinking of archives as spatio-temporal operations, Caroline Jessen proposes a plea for a transatlantic material history of literature. Focusing on provenance as an epistemic category, Jessen suggests to use provenance as an epistemic category and to interrogate archival holdings as presented in catalogs and databases, by paying attention to transatlantic transfers, past ownership, and contexts of use and meaning which are marked by provenance information.
One-step electrochemically expanded graphite foil for flexible all-solid supercapacitor with high rate performance
Creators: name: Wu, Y.
name: Li, H.-Y.
name: Liu, L.
name: Yu, Y.
name: Liu, L.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2017

description: Flexible solid-state supercapacitors (SSCs) as a candidate for energy storage source, have been attracting intensive attention. Graphene-based materials for SSCs have been widely studied. However, most reported preparation methods for graphene-based materials are energy-consuming, time-consuming and environmentally hazardous, what's more, the assembling of SSCs need additives, such as current collectors, flexible substrates. So, it is necessary to develop simpler and greener attempts to achieve high-performance, cost-effective, substrates/additives-free and flexible electrodes for SSC devices. Herein, we reported a green and facile one-step process of electrochemical oxidation and expansion in salt solution to activate graphite foil (GF) for fabricating expanded graphite foil (EGF). The EGF electrode with unique structure and high conductivity showed high supercapacitor performance of 65 mF cm−2, remarkable rate-capability maintaining at a level of 80% even at a current density of 20 mA cm−2 and excellent cycling stability with ∼95% capacitance remaining after 10000 cycles at a current density of 20 mA cm−2. Moreover, a symmetric flexible all-solid supercapacitor (SSC) device was integrated using EGFs without any current collectors and additives. The flexible EGF-based device showed a high capacitance capacity of 30.5 mF cm−2, excellent rate performance and good cycle stability which make it holds promise for applications in flexible, portable and wearable electronic devices.
$B\toπ\ellν$ semileptonic form factors from unquenched lattice QCD and determination of $|V_{ub}|$
Creators: name: Bailey, J. A.
name: Bazavov, A.
name: Bernard, C.
name: Bouchard, C.
name: DeTar, C.
name: Du, D.
name: El-Khadra, A. X.
name: Foley, J.
name: Freeland, E. D.
name: Gamiz, E.
name: Gottlieb, Steven
name: Heller, U. M.
name: Kronfeld, A. S.
name: Laiho, J.
name: Levkova, L.
name: Liu, Yuzhi
name: Mackenzie, P. B.
name: Meurice, Y.
name: Neil, E. T.
name: Qiu, S.
name: Simone, J. N.
name: Sugar, R. L.
name: Toussaint, D.
name: Van de Water, R. S.
name: Zhou, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the $B\toπ\ellν$ semileptonic form factors and update the determination of the CKM matrix element $|V_{ub}|$. We use the MILC asqtad ensembles with $N_f=2+1$ sea quarks at four different lattice spacings in the range $a \approx 0.045$~fm to $0.12$~fm. The lattice form factors are extrapolated to the continuum limit using SU(2) staggered chiral perturbation theory in the hard pion limit, followed by an extrapolation in $q^2$ to the full kinematic range using a functional $z$-parameterization. The extrapolation is combined with the experimental measurements of the partial branching fraction to extract $|V_{ub}|$. Our preliminary result is $|V_{ub}|=(3.72\pm 0.14)\times 10^{-3}$, where the error reflects both the lattice and experimental uncertainties, which are now on par with each other.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; talk presented at Lattice 2014. the 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 23-28 June, 2014, Columbia University New York, NY
In-situ formation of holmium oxide in pores of Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles as substrates for neutron-activatable radiotherapeutics
Creators: name: Lu, X.
name: Jay, M.
name: Luo, Z.-X.
name: Kim, J.
name: Wu, Y.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2017

description: Radionuclide therapy with nano-sized carriers is a very promising approach to treat various types of cancer. The preparation of radioactive nanocarriers can be achieved with minimum handling using a neutron-activation approach. However, the nanocarrier material must possess certain characteristics such as low density, heat-resistance, high metal adsorption, easy surface modification and low toxicity in order to be useful. Mesoporous Carbon Nanoparticles (MCNs) in which holmium oxide is formed in their pores by a wet-impregnation process are investigated as a suitable material for this application. Holmium (165Ho) has a natural abundance of 100% and possesses a large cross-section for capturing thermal neutrons. After irradiation of Ho-containing MCNs in a neutron flux, 166Ho, which emits therapeutic high energy beta particles as well as diagnostic low energy gamma photons that can be imaged externally, is produced. The wet impregnation process (16 w/w% Ho loading) is shown to completely prevent the leaching of radioactive holmium from the MCNs without compromising their structural integrity. In vitro studies showed that the MCNs containing non-radioactive holmium do not exhibit toxicity and the same formulation with radioactive holmium (166Ho) demonstrated a tumoricidal effect. Post-irradiation PEGylation of the MCN surfaces endows dispersibility and biocompatibility.
Real-Time HAP-Assisted Vehicular Edge Computing for Rural Areas
Creators: name: Traspadini, Alessandro
name: Giordani, Marco
name: Giambene, Giovanni
name: Zorzi, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs) are expected to be a key component of 6th generation (6G) networks to support broadband seamless Internet connectivity and expand the coverage even in rural and remote areas. In this context, High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) can act as edge servers to process computational tasks offloaded by energy-constrained terrestrial devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) sensors and ground vehicles (GVs). In this paper, we analyze the opportunity to support Vehicular Edge Computing (VEC) via HAP in a rural scenario where GVs can decide whether to process data onboard or offload them to a HAP. We characterize the system as a set of queues in which computational tasks arrive according to a Poisson arrival process. Then, we assess the optimal VEC offloading factor to maximize the probability of real-time service, given latency and computational capacity constraints.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. This paper has been accepted for publication at IEEE Wireless Communications Letters (WCL). Copyright IEEE 2023. Please cite it as: A. Traspadini, M. Giordani, G. Giambene and M. Zorzi, "Real-Time HAP-Assistes Vehicular Edge Computing for Rural Areas," in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, doi: 10.1109/LWC.2023.3238851
A volume-limited sample of X-ray galaxy groups and clusters: III. Central abundance drops
Creators: name: Panagoulia, Electra K.
name: Sanders, Jeremy S.
name: Fabian, Andy C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a search and study of central abundance drops in a volume-limited sample (z<=0.071) of 101 X-ray galaxy groups and clusters. These are best observed in nearby, and so best resolved, groups and clusters, making our sample ideal for their detection. Out of the 65 groups and clusters in our sample for which we have abundance profiles, 8 of them have certain central abundance drops, with possible central abundance drops in another 6. All sources with central abundance drops have X-ray cavities, and all bar one exception have a central cooling time <=1 Gyr. These central abundance drops can be generated if the iron injected by stellar mass loss processes in the core of these sources is in grains, which then become incorporated in the central dusty filaments. These, in turn, are dragged outwards by the bubbling feedback process in these sources. We find that data quality significantly affects the detection of central abundance drops, inasmuch as a higher number of counts in the central 20 kpc of a source makes it easier to detect a central abundance drop, as long as these counts are more than ~13000. On the other hand, the magnitude of the central abundance drop does not depend on the number of these counts, though the statistical significance of the measured drop does. Finally, in line with the scenario briefly outlined above, we find that, for most sources, the location of X-ray cavities acts as an upper limit to the location of the peak in the radial metallicity distribution.
description: 24 pages (inc. 3-page appendix), 9 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Higher resolution figures will be available in the MNRAS article
Impurity induced Modulational instability in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Bhat, Ishfaq Ahmad
name: Dey, Bishwajyoti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of linear stability analysis (LSA) and direct numerical simulations of the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii(GP)equations, we address the impurity induced modulational instability (MI) and the associated nonlinear dynamics in Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). We explore the dual role played by the impurities within the BECs -- the instigation of MI and the dissipation of the initially generated solitary waves. Because of the impurities, the repulsive BECs are even modulationally unstable and this tendency towards MI increases with increasing impurity fraction and superfluid-impurity coupling strength. However, the tendency of a given BEC towards the MI decreases with the decreasing mass of the impurity atoms while the sign of the superfluid-impurity interaction plays no role. The above results are true even for attractive BECs except for a weak superfluid-impurity coupling, where the MI phenomenon is marginally suppressed by the presence of impurities. The dissipation of the solitons reduces their lifetime and is eminent for a larger impurity fraction and strong superfluid-impurity strength respectively.
description: A new reference added, Accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. A 2023
United Nations Human Space Technology Initiative (HSTI)
Creators: name: Ochiai, M.
name: Niu, A.
name: Steffens, H.
name: Balogh, W.
name: Haubold, H. J.
name: Othman, M.
name: Doi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Human Space Technology Initiative was launched in 2010 within the framework of the United Nations Programme on Space Applications implemented by the Office for Outer Space Affairs of the United Nations. It aims to involve more countries in activities related to human spaceflight and space exploration and to increase the benefits from the outcome of such activities through international cooperation, to make space exploration a truly international effort. The role of the Initiative in these efforts is to provide a platform to exchange information, foster collaboration between partners from spacefaring and non-spacefaring countries, and encourage emerging and developing countries to take part in space research and benefit from space applications. The Initiative organizes expert meetings and workshops annually to raise awareness of the current status of space exploration activities as well as of the benefits of utilizing human space technology and its applications. The Initiative is also carrying out primary science activities including the Zero-Gravity Instrument Project and the Drop Tower Experiment Series aimed at promoting capacity-building activities in microgravity science and education, particularly in developing countries.
description: 8 pages, 8th IAA Symposium on the Future of Space Exploration: Towards the Stars, Torino, Italy, 2013
Quantum space-time of a charged black hole
Creators: name: Gambini, Rodolfo
name: Capurro, Esteban Mato
name: Pullin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantize spherically symmetric electrovacuum gravity. The algebra of Hamiltonian constraints can be made Abelian via a rescaling and linear combination with the diffeomorphism constraint. As a result the constraint algebra is a true Lie algebra. We complete the Dirac quantization procedure using loop quantum gravity techniques. We present explicitly the exact solutions of the physical Hilbert space annihilated by all constraints. The resulting quantum space-times resolve the singularity present in the classical theory inside charged black holes and allows to extend the space-time through where the singularity used to be into new regions. We show that quantum discreteness of space-time may also play a role in stabilizing the Cauchy horizons, though back reaction calculations are needed to confirm this point.
description: 6 pages, RevTex, one figure
The Utility of ctDNA in Lung Cancer Clinical Research and Practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Studies
Creators: name: Sun, Xuezheng
name: Abrahamson, Page
name: Ballew, Nicholas
name: Kalilani, Linda
name: Phiri, Kelesitse
name: Bell, Kelly F.
name: Slowley, Alexander
name: Zajac, Magdalena
name: Hofstatter, Erin
name: Stojadinovic, Alexander
name: Silvestro, Angela
name: Wang, Zebin
name: Aziez, Amine
name: Peters, Solange
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: This systematic review with embedded meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in lung cancer. After screening and review of the Embase database search, 111 studies from 2015 to 2020 demonstrated ctDNA’s value in prognostication/monitoring disease progression, mainly in patients with advanced/metastatic disease and non–small cell lung cancer. ctDNA positivity/detection at any time point was associated with shorter progression-free survival and overall survival, whereas ctDNA clearance/decrease during treatment was associated with a lower risk of progression and death. Validating these findings and addressing challenges regarding ctDNA testing integration into clinical practice will require further research.