cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 3 of Factors influencing women’s access to the maternity waiting home in rural Southwest Ethiopia: a qualitative exploration
Creators: name: Kebede, Kindie Mitiku
name: Kebadnew Mulatu Mihrete
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 3. Focus group discussion and in-depth interview guidelines.
Additional file 4 of Factors influencing women’s access to the maternity waiting home in rural Southwest Ethiopia: a qualitative exploration
Creators: name: Kebede, Kindie Mitiku
name: Kebadnew Mulatu Mihrete
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 4. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist: a 32 checklist for interviews and focus groups of participants.
Late-time entropy production due to the decay of domain walls
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Masahiro
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that late-time decay of domain walls can dilute unwanted relics such as moduli, if the universe was dominated by frustrated domain walls with tension $σ= (1 - 100 TeV)^3$. Since energy density of the frustrated domain walls decreases as slow as the inverse of the scale factor, an overclosure limit on the axion decay constant $f_a$ is also considerably relaxed. In fact $f_a$ can be as large as the Planck scale, which may enable us to naturally implement the QCD axion in the string scheme. Furthermore, in contrast to thermal inflation models, the Affleck-Dine baryogenesis can generate enough asymmetry to explain the present baryon abundance, even in the presence of late-time entropy production.
description: 5 pages, no figure; a few explanatory comments are added, conclusion unchanged
Social and Emotional Intelligence as a Protective Factor in Youth Development
Creators: name: Filipčić, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Developmental and Educational Psychology
subject: 160799 Social Work not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Applied Psychology
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This qualitative research examined to what extent is there a need for the development of Social and Emotional Intelligence within education. Social and Emotional intelligence (SEI) is defined as a cross-section of interrelated social and emotional competencies and skills which determines how one effectively understands and express themselves, how one understand and relates with others, and how one copes with daily demands (Fernarandez – Berrocal & Extermera, 2006, Bar-On, 2005). The research includes 6 participants from United World College (UWC) in Maastricht who were selected using the combination of purposeful and snowball sampling. The researcher used 3 main interview questions to guide the data collecting process. The questions were designed to collect the data about their experiences, backgrounds, opinions and perspectives related to SEI. Our findings show that SEI had an important role in shaping young academics adjustments to their international environment. We end with a note towards the participants’ perspectives on developing SEI through education and SEI as a protective factor in youth development. Our research aims to offer a deeper understanding of the need for SEI development through and within education, and offer suggestions for SEI programs and future research.
Semantic Scene Segmentation for Robotics
Creators: name: Hurtado, Juana Valeria
name: Valada, Abhinav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Comprehensive scene understanding is a critical enabler of robot autonomy. Semantic segmentation is one of the key scene understanding tasks which is pivotal for several robotics applications including autonomous driving, domestic service robotics, last mile delivery, amongst many others. Semantic segmentation is a dense prediction task that aims to provide a scene representation in which each pixel of an image is assigned a semantic class label. Therefore, semantic segmentation considers the full scene context, incorporating the object category, location, and shape of all the scene elements, including the background. Numerous algorithms have been proposed for semantic segmentation over the years. However, the recent advances in deep learning combined with the boost in the computational capacity and the availability of large-scale labeled datasets have led to significant advances in semantic segmentation. In this chapter, we introduce the task of semantic segmentation and present the deep learning techniques that have been proposed to address this task over the years. We first define the task of semantic segmentation and contrast it with other closely related scene understanding problems. We detail different algorithms and architectures for semantic segmentation and the commonly employed loss functions. Furthermore, we present an overview of datasets, benchmarks, and metrics that are used in semantic segmentation. We conclude the chapter with a discussion of challenges and opportunities for further research in this area.
Additional file 1 of Factors influencing women’s access to the maternity waiting home in rural Southwest Ethiopia: a qualitative exploration
Creators: name: Kebede, Kindie Mitiku
name: Kebadnew Mulatu Mihrete
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1. ‘A-frame’ of access proposed by Thiede and colleagues.
PAR reduction in OFDM systems by multiple signal representation
Creators: name: Nguyễn, Trung Thành
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: As we are embarking on the new information age, demand for high speed wireless communication has increased substantially. One of the promising technologies that could fulfil such demands is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Due to its bandwidth efficiency and robustness in wireless environments, OFDM has recently gained an increasing popularity. One major drawback of OFDM is its high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR). If not processed, the high peaks in the OFDM signal cause saturation in the power amplifier, which in turn distorts and decreases the power of the transmit signal. In order to avoid the resulting bit-error-rate performance degradation and out-of-band radiation, either expensive linear power amplifiers need to be employed, or nonlinear amplifiers must be operated with high power backoffs in power-inefficient amplification. Power inefficiency is however unacceptable to battery-powered devices. Among the numerous PAR reduction approaches available in the literature, multiple signal representation (MSR) techniques have achieved considerable attention thanks to their great PAR reduction capability and favorable performance-expense tradeoffs. Within the MSR family, partial transmit sequences (PTS) is the most popular while trellis shaping is the newest technique. This thesis makes contributions to both of them. For PTS, we restate its low-PAR signal search as a combinatorial optimization (CO) problem and propose a fair benchmark to evaluate the search algorithms. These allow us to compare the existing PTS algorithms and apply efficient heuristics from the CO literature to PTS. Surprisingly, our results show that random search, the simplest algorithm, actually outperforms all available PTS algorithms. Only our tailored versions of the two CO metaheuristics, namely simulated annealing and tabu search, attain better tradeoffs in the low-PAR region. Trellis shaping is an interesting MSR technique that does not require explicit side information. Our contributions to trellis shaping include a new metric and the use of the stack sequential decoding algorithm in shaping-sequence search. These proposals improve PAR reduction and/or reduce the complexity of the technique. Beneficial to all algorithms that involve a large number of peak-power searches, we propose using a new optimization objective to reduce their overall complexity. This is applicable to both PTS and trellis shaping. Finally, based on the trellis shaping structure, we propose a side information embedding/ detecting scheme for PTS. Our low-complexity scheme does not affect the PAR reduction capability of PTS and practically does not degrade the BER performance of the OFDM systems.
Additional file 2 of Cardiac procedures in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction - the influence of age, geography and Aboriginality
Creators: name: Taylor, Lee K.
name: Nelson, Michael A.
name: Gale, Marianne
name: Trevena, Judy
name: Brieger, David B.
name: Winch, Scott
name: Cretikos, Michelle A.
name: Newman, Leah A.
name: Phung, Hai N.
name: Faddy, Steven C.
name: Kelly, Paul M.
name: Chant, Kerry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2 Additional-results-revised.pdf.
All genus correlation functions for the hermitian 1-matrix model
Creators: name: Eynard, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We rewrite the loop equations of the hermitian matrix model, in a way which allows to compute all the correlation functions, to all orders in the topological $1/N^2$ expansion, as residues on an hyperelliptical curve. Those residues, can be represented diagrammaticaly as Feynmann graphs of a cubic interaction field theory on the curve.
description: latex, 19 figures
Self-Attention Dense Depth Estimation Network for Unrectified Video Sequences
Creators: name: Mathew, Alwyn
name: Patra, Aditya Prakash
name: Mathew, Jimson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The dense depth estimation of a 3D scene has numerous applications, mainly in robotics and surveillance. LiDAR and radar sensors are the hardware solution for real-time depth estimation, but these sensors produce sparse depth maps and are sometimes unreliable. In recent years research aimed at tackling depth estimation using single 2D image has received a lot of attention. The deep learning based self-supervised depth estimation methods from the rectified stereo and monocular video frames have shown promising results. We propose a self-attention based depth and ego-motion network for unrectified images. We also introduce non-differentiable distortion of the camera into the training pipeline. Our approach performs competitively when compared to other established approaches that used rectified images for depth estimation.
The Doha Round and Food Security in the Dairy Sector in Cameroon: A Global Simulation Model (GSIM) Approach: Technical Annex
Creators: name: Leudjou, Roland R.
name: Leudjou, Roland R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Community/Rural/Urban Development
Consumer/Household Economics
Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics
Food Security and Poverty
Industrial Organization
Institutional and Behavioral Economics
International Development
International Relations/Trade
Political Economy

description: This document is the technical annex to the full paper “The Doha Round and Food Security in the Dairy Sector in Cameroon: A Global Simulation Model (GSIM) Approach” which is available separately.
Stability of branched tubular membrane structures
Creators: name: Jung, Maike
name: Jung, Gerhard
name: Schmid, Friederike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energetics and stability of branched tubular membrane structures by computer simulations of a triangulated network model. We find that triple (Y-)junctions can be created and stabilized by applying mechanical forces, if the angle between branches is 120 o . The same holds for tetrahedral junctions with tetraeder angles. If the wrong angles are enforced, the branches coalesce to a linear structure, a pure tube. After releasing the mechanical force, Y-branched structures remain metastable if one constrains the enclosed volume and the average curvature (the area difference) to a fixed value; tetrahedral junctions however split up into two Y-junctions. Somewhat counterintuitively, the energy cost of adding a Y-branch is negative in structures with fixed surface area and tube diameter, even if one accounts for the positive contribution of the additional branch end. For fixed average curvature, however, adding a branch also enforces a thinning of tubes, therefore the overall curvature energy cost is positive. Possible implications for the stability of branched networks structures in cells are discussed.
Liquid Polymorphism and Density Anomaly in a Lattice Gas Model
Creators: name: Henriques, Vera B.
name: Barbosa, Marcia C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple model for an associating liquid in which polymorphism and density anomaly are connected. Our model combines a two dimensional lattice gas with particles interacting through a soft core potential and orientational degrees of freedom represented through thermal \char`\"{}ice variables\char`\"{} . The competition between the directional attractive forces and the soft core potential leads to a phase diagram in which two liquid phases and a density anomaly are present. The coexistence line between the low density liquid and the high density liquid has a positive slope contradicting the surmise that the presence of a density anomaly implies that the high density liquid is more entropic than the low density liquid.
Additional file 5 of Spatial heterogeneity and socioeconomic determinants of opioid prescribing in England between 2015 and 2018
Creators: name: Schifanella, Rossano
name: Vedove, Dario Delle
name: Salomone, Alberto
name: Bajardi, Paolo
name: Paolotti, Daniela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5 Analysis of determinants at MSOA level (2018).
Supplemental Materials.pdf
Creators: name: ZHU, Hui
name: Yao, Haijun
name: Liu, Xuemeng
name: Xu, Yue
name: Liu, Yang
name: Luo, Qingqiong
name: Chen, Yan
name: Shi, Yuanping
name: Chen, Fuxiang
name: Zhao, Shuang-Xia
name: Song, Huai-dong
name: Han, Bing
name: Qiao, Jie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: ‘Lessons from 17β-HSD3 deficiency: clinical spectrum and complex molecular basis in Chinese patients’ Supplemental Materials
On uniqueness theorems for Tsallis entropy and Tsallis relative entropy
Creators: name: Furuichi, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The uniqueness theorem for Tsallis entropy was presented in {\it H.Suyari, IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory, Vol.50, pp.1783-1787 (2004)} by introducing the generalized Shannon-Khinchin's axiom. In the present paper, this result is generalized and simplified as follows: {\it Generalization}: The uniqueness theorem for Tsallis relative entropy is shown by means of the generalized Hobson's axiom. {\it Simplification}: The uniqueness theorem for Tsallis entropy is shown by means of the generalized Faddeev's axiom.
description: this was merged by two manuscripts (arXiv:cond-mat/0410270 and arXiv:cond-mat/0410271), and will be published from IEEE TIT
An Analysis of Food Safety Events on Consumers’ Confidence and Consumers Attitude towards Preparedness of U.S. Food System
Creators: name: Hill, Jessica I.
name: Bharad, Abhishek Bhagwat
name: Harrison, R. Wes
name: Kinsey, Jean D.
name: Degeneffe, Dennis J.
name: Hill, Jessica I.
name: Bharad, Abhishek Bhagwat
name: Harrison, R. Wes
name: Kinsey, Jean D.
name: Degeneffe, Dennis J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: food safety
subject: food system
subject: food recalls
subject: ordered probit
subject: consumer confidence
subject: consumer attitudes

description: Every year hundreds of food recalls are made due to contamination. The main focus of this paper is to examine the effects of specific food events on consumers’ confidence in food safety as well as their preparedness regarding the United States food system. The food events studied in this are major food-borne illnesses outbreaks and recalls that have occurred since May 2008. The three events chosen included: the salmonella outbreak in jalapeno and Serrano peppers occurring in 2008, the salmonella outbreak in peanut butter occurring in 2009, and the E.coli outbreak in Nestle cookie dough occurring in 2009. An ordered probit model was used to measure the effects that these specific foodborne illnesses had on consumers’ confidence. The results revealed that the effect of the jalapeno and Serrano peppers and peanut butter significantly and negatively impact consumers’ confidence. The Nestle recall had a negative impact on confidence but was not significant.
Additional file 1 of Cardiac procedures in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction - the influence of age, geography and Aboriginality
Creators: name: Taylor, Lee K.
name: Nelson, Michael A.
name: Gale, Marianne
name: Trevena, Judy
name: Brieger, David B.
name: Winch, Scott
name: Cretikos, Michelle A.
name: Newman, Leah A.
name: Phung, Hai N.
name: Faddy, Steven C.
name: Kelly, Paul M.
name: Chant, Kerry
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 Procedure-codes.pdf.
title: Understanding learning from the perspective of developmental dynamics
title: Rhythmics and the Table of the Development of psychological Functions – two complementary ways of working
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Garnitschnig, Karl
name: Neira Zugasty, Helga
name: Falschlunger, Christoph
Publisher: name: pub.mdw
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 6.4
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: The Table of the Development of psychological Functions was first published in the research report Rhythmik als Movens der Entwicklung der psychische Funktionen (Garnitschnig, Karl & Neira Zugasti, Helga, Vienna 2006) and in the DVD (incl. CD-Rom) Entwicklung beobachten, erkennen und unterstützen am Beispiel der rhythmisch-musikalischen Erziehung (Neira Zugasti, Helga & Garnitschnig, Karl, Vienna 2008). An updated version of the table with additional explanations will be presented in 2021. Presentations of the two theoretical bases, i.e. the Theory of psychological Operations (Theorie der psychischen Operationen, TPO) and Rhythmics, as well as of the detailed handling of the ‘Developmental Grid’ (incl. video) can be found in the two publications mentioned above and under the link: https://www.mdw.ac.at/mrm/mbe/inklusions-und-heilpaedagogikdiversitaet/entwicklungsraster-tpo/.
Determinants of Fertiliser Use by Smallholder Maize Farmers in the Chinyanja Triangle in Malawi, Mozambique and Zambia
Creators: name: Mapila, Mariam A.T.J.
name: Njuki, Jemimah M.
name: Delve, Robert J.
name: Zingore, Shamie
name: Matibini, Josephine
name: Mapila, Mariam A.T.J.
name: Njuki, Jemimah M.
name: Delve, Robert J.
name: Zingore, Shamie
name: Matibini, Josephine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: African green revolution
subject: farmer perceptions
subject: fertiliser subsidies
subject: fertiliser use
subject: human capital
subject: social capital

description: Farm surveys in Malawi, Zambia and Mozambique were carried out to assess the determinants of fertiliser use given continued low yields, low organic matter and general poor soil health in Southern African soils. Regression modelling showed that fertiliser use was influenced by household and farm characteristics. In addition, it was also influenced by social and human capital and farmers’ perceptions of the effect of fertilisers on soil fertility. Farmers who perceived fertilisers as bad for their soil were less likely to adopt their use. This is a key result, as the emerging discussions on a green revolution for Africa, as well as the continued food crisis discussion, are prompting increased fertiliser use as an immediate intervention for increasing nutrient inputs into agriculture in the developing world. Increased policy efforts should be placed not only on increasing access to fertilisers but also on evolving farmers’ perceptions and attitudes towards fertiliser use.
Cosmological Constraints on Entropic Cosmology with Matter Creation
Creators: name: Gohar, Hussain
name: Salzano, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate entropic force cosmological models with the possibility of matter creation and energy exchange between the bulk and the horizon of a homogeneous and an isotropic flat Universe. We consider three different kinds of entropy, Bekenstein's, the non-extensive Tsallis-Cirto's and the quartic entropy, plus some phenomenological functional forms for matter creation rate to model different entropic force models and put the observational constraints on them. We show that while most of them are basically indistinguishable from a standard $Λ$CDM scenario, the Bekenstein entropic force model with a matter creation rate proportional to the Hubble parameter is statistically highly favored over $Λ$CDM. As a general result, we also find that both the Hawking temperature parameter $γ$, which relates the energy exchange between the bulk and the boundary of the Universe, and the matter creation rate $Γ(t)$, must be very small in order to reproduce observational data.
description: 13 pages, 2 tables, 1 figure, discussion updated, new references added
A Geometric Look on the Microstates of Supertubes
Creators: name: Bak, Dongsu
name: Hyakutake, Yoshifumi
name: Kim, Seok
name: Ohta, Nobuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a geometric interpretation of the entropy of the supertubes with fixed conserved charges and angular momenta in two different approaches using the DBI action and the supermembrane theory. By counting the geometrically allowed microstates, it is shown that both the methods give consistent result on the entropy. In doing so, we make the connection to the gravity microstates clear.
description: 26 pages, v2: discussion on the validity of our results and refs. added
title: Генезис экологических программ при формировании газотранспортной индустрии Западной Сибири 1960–1982 гг.
title: The Genesis of Ecological Programs in the Formation of the Gas Transportation Industry in Western Siberia 1960-1982
Creators: name: Артеменко, Роман Васильевич
Publisher: name: Издательский центр СурГУ
Year: 2021

description: В статье рассматривается вопрос развития экологических программ при строительстве системы газопроводов Западной Сибири. Актуальностью работы является значимость решения экологических проблем в современных реалиях, в условиях строительства большого количества газотранспортных траекторий. Отметим, что обращение к опыту разработки комплексных экологических программ способствует оптимизации технологий, финансовых расходов и других составляющих в настоящем. Акцентируем внимание на недостаточной изученности проблемы в современной историографии.
Основная концепция, выдвигаемая автором, – отсутствие комплексных экологических программ в СССР вплоть до 1982 года, момента разработки территориальной комплексной схемы охраны природы (ТерКСОП) на трассах строительства и эксплуатации газопроводов. Безусловно, что до 1982 года уделялось внимание экологическим проблемам, при генезисе газовых магистралей как факторе негативного воздействия на окружающую среду. Однако экологические программы не имели комплексного характера, а основной задачей развития газовой индустрии Западной Сибири была доставка газа потребителю, в ущерб окружающей среде. Такой подход привел к возникновению большого количества экологических проблем.
description: The article considers the issue of the development of environmental programs during the construction of a gas pipeline system in Western Siberia. The relevance of the work is the importance of solving environmental problems in modern realities, in the conditions of construction of a large number of gas transmission trajectories. It should be noted that the appeal to the experience of developing integrated environmental programs contributes to the optimization of technologies, financial costs and other components in the present time. We focus on the insufficient knowledge of this problem in modern historiography.
The main concept put forward by the author is the lack of integrated environmental programs in the USSR until 1982, the moment of the development of the territorial integrated scheme of nature protection on the routes of construction and operation of gas pipelines. Surely, until 1982, attention was paid to environmental problems, with the genesis of gas pipelines as a factor of negative impact on the environment. However, environmental programs did not have a comprehensive nature, and the main task of the development of the gas industry in Western Siberia was to deliver gas to the consumer, to the detriment of the environment. This approach has led to a large number of environmental problems.
Die Gemeinsame Agrarpolitik der EU: Die Wirkungen von Direktzahlungen aus entwicklungspolitischer Perspektive
Creators: name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Fahlbusch, Markus
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Fahlbusch, Markus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Handelsanalyse
subject: Politikfolgenabschätzung

description: In der Diskussion über die Fortführung der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik nach 2014 spielen die entkoppelten Direktzahlungen eine dominierende Rolle. Während sich die Debatte innerhalb der EU vor allem um die langfristige Begründung solcher Direktzahlungen dreht, steht aus Sicht der internationalen Handelspartner stärker die Frage im Vordergrund, inwieweit von den formal entkoppelten Zahlungen nicht doch Produktions- und damit Handelswirkungen ausgehen. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden in der vorliegenden Studie zunächst die theoretischen Wirkungen, die von formal entkoppelten Direktzahlungen auf die Erzeugung von Agrargütern ausgehen können, erörtert. Anschließend wird mit Hilfe einer empirischen Analyse der Handelsströme bei ausgewählten Agrarprodukten im Export nach Westafrika untersucht, ob sich aus der Entwicklung der Ausfuhren im Zeitablauf Wirkungen auf die Produktion in den Destinationsländern ableiten lassen. Insgesamt wird deutlich, dass die Einfuhren Westafrikas nicht länger allein von der Agrarexportpolitik der EU abhängen; mit zunehmender Integration in den internationalen Agrarhandel sind lokale Märkte weiter stark beeinflusst, ohne dass dies eindeutig der EU-Handelspolitik anzulasten wäre. Die insgesamt eher skeptische Bewertung des Instruments der Direktzahlungen rührt daher weniger aus ihrer Handelswirkung, sondern stärker aus ihrer mangelnden Zielgenauigkeit für die vorgegebenen Ziele der Einkommens- und der Umweltpolitik her.
Model checking strategy-controlled systems in rewriting logic
Creators: name: Rubio, Rubén
name: Martí-Oliet, Narciso
name: Pita, Isabel
name: Verdejo, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.4.1; F.3.1
subject: 68Q60

description: Rewriting logic and its implementation Maude are an expressive framework for the formal specification and verification of software and other kinds of systems. Concurrency is naturally represented by nondeterministic local transformations produced by the application of rewriting rules over algebraic terms in an equational theory. Some aspects of the global behavior of the systems or additional constraints sometimes require restricting this nondeterminism. Rewriting strategies are used as a higher-level and modular resource to cleanly capture these requirements, which can be easily expressed in Maude with an integrated strategy language. However, strategy-aware specifications cannot be verified with the builtin LTL model checker, making strategies less useful and attractive.
 In this paper, we discuss model checking for strategy-controlled systems, and present a strategy-aware extension of the Maude LTL model checker. The expressivity of the strategy language is discussed in relation to model checking, the model checker is illustrated with multiple application examples, and its performance is compared.
X-ray Polarisation in Magnetar Atmospheres -- Effects of Mode Conversion
Creators: name: Kelly, Ruth M. E.
name: Zane, Silvia
name: Turolla, Roberto
name: Taverna, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetars, the most strongly magnetised neutron stars, are among the most promising targets for X-ray polarimetry. The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE), the first satellite devoted to exploring the sky in polarised X-rays, has observed four magnetars to date. A proper interpretation of IXPE results requires the development of new atmospheric models that can take into proper account the effects of the magnetised vacuum on par with those of the plasma. Here we investigate the effects of mode conversion at the vacuum resonance on the polarisation properties of magnetar emission by computing plane-parallel atmospheric models under varying conditions of magnetic field strength/orientation, effective temperature and allowing for either complete or partial adiabatic mode conversion. Complete mode conversion results in a switch of the dominant polarisation mode, from the extraordinary (X) to the ordinary (O) one, below an energy that decreases with increasing magnetic field strength, occurring at $\approx 0.5\, \mathrm{keV}$ for a magnetic field strength of $B=10^{14}\, \mathrm{G}$. Partial adiabatic mode conversion results in a reduced polarisation degree when compared with a standard plasma atmosphere. No dominant mode switch occurs for $B=10^{14}\, \mathrm{G}$ while there are two switches for lower fields of $B=3\times10^{13}\, \mathrm{G}$. Finally, by incorporating our models in a ray-tracing code, we computed the expected polarisation signal at infinity for different emitting regions on the star surface and for different viewing geometries. The observability of QED signatures with IXPE and with future soft X-ray polarimeters as REDSoX is discussed.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Automatic measurement of human subcutaneous fat with ultrasound
Creators: name: Ng, Jessie Ying Chi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Measuring human subcutaneous fat is useful for assessing health risks due to obesity and for monitoring athletes’ health status, body shapes and weight for various sports competitions such as gymnastics and wrestling. Our aim is to investigate the use of ultrasound imaging in automatically measuring human subcutaneous fat thickness. We proposed to use the spectrum properties extracted from the raw radio frequency (RF) signals of ultrasound for the purpose of fat boundary detection. Our fat detection framework consists of four main steps. The first step is capturing RF data from 11 beam steering angles and at four focal positions. Secondly, two spectrum properties (spectrum variance and integrated backscatter coefficient) are calculated from the local spectrum of RF data using the short time Fourier transform and moment analysis. The values of the spectrum properties are encoded as gray-scale parametric images. Thirdly, spatial compounding is used to reduce speckle noise in the parametric images and improve the visualization of the subcutaneous fat layer. Finally, we apply Rosin’s thresholding and Random Sample Consensus boundary detection on the parametric images to extract the fat boundary. The detection framework was tested on 36 samples obtained at the suprailiac, thigh and triceps of nine human participants in vivo. When compared to manual boundary detection on ultrasound images, the best result was obtained from segmenting the spatial compounded spectrum variance values averaged over multiple focuses. A reasonable result could also be obtained by using a single focus. Further, our automatic detection results were compared with the results using skinfold caliper measurements. We found that the correlation is high between our automatic detection and skinfold caliper measurement, and is similar to the previous studies which are not automatic. Our work has shown that the spatial compounded spectrum properties of RF data can be used to segment the subcutaneous fat layer. Based on our results, it is feasible to detect fat at the suprailiac, thigh and triceps sites using the spectrum variance. The values of spectrum variance change more rapidly in the fat tissue than the non-fat tissue.
Late-time phantom universe in ${\bf SO(1,1)}$ dark energy model with exponential potential
Creators: name: Wei, Yi-Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the late-time property of universe and phantom field in the SO(1,1) dark energy model for the potential $V=V_0e^{-βΦ^α}$ with $α$ and $β$ two positive constants. We assume in advance some conditions satisfied by the late-time field to simplify equations, which are confirmed to be correct from the eventual results. For $α<2$, the filed falls exponentially off and the phantom equation of state rapidly approaches -1. When $α=2$, the kinetic energy $ρ_k$ and the coupling energy $ρ_c$ become comparable but there is always $ρ_k
description: 9 pages
Conflitos Socioambientais e Acao Coletiva. Algumas Reflexoes Sobre Areas de Protecao Ambiental (APAS)
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Karla Oddone
name: Amancio, Cristhiane Oliveira Da Graca
name: Amancio, Robson
name: Ribeiro, Karla Oddone
name: Amancio, Cristhiane Oliveira Da Graca
name: Amancio, Robson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Nas últimas duas décadas muita coisa tem mudado em relação as discussões sobre a questão ambiental . O que era no início uma discussão que mobilizava apenas alguns poucos técnicos se tornou uma problemática transversal a diversos setores da sociedade. A despeito das diversidade de ideologias que podem ser abarcadas pelo termo “desenvolvimento sustentável”, seu surgimento foi um marco no início das discussões sobre a interrelação entre questões ambientais e sociais. A conservação da natureza passa a ser reconhecida como uma questão muito mais política que técnica. Assim, toma força dentro do campo de estudos ambientais a discussão sobre como gerir esses novos conflitos sociais : os conflitos que tem a natureza como suporte. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar duas possíveis abordagens para pensar esse tema: a da nova economia institucional e a de campos sociais de Bourdieu, indicando algumas possíveis vantagens e desvantagens de cada uma para iluminar a dinâmica de conflitos em unidades de conservação de uso sustentável, bem como as possibilidades para sua gestão em Conselhos Gestores.
Capacidades Diferenciadoras como Vantagem Competitiva nas Empresas Torrefadoras de Cafe
Creators: name: Oliveira, Leticia De
name: Oliveira, Leticia De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Industrial Organization

description: A necessidade de adotar novas posturas gerenciais eficientes e eficazes fez com que um número cada vez maior de empresas adotasse uma nova filosofia de gestão concentrada no valor. Num mundo de rápidas mudanças, onde a busca por resultados e pela competitividade das empresas é uma constante, o valor agregado tem sido cada vez mais questionado e discutido no espaço empresarial. Assim, buscou-se identificar as capacidades diferenciadoras e suas limitações estratégicas para a criação de valor em empresas associadas a Associação Brasileira das Indústrias de Café. A pesquisa classificou-se como exploratória e descritiva, estudada de forma qualitativa. Utilizou-se uma amostra não-probabilística por julgamento. Dessa maneira, as capacidades diferenciadoras adotadas pela empresas permitem que elas atuem assumindo uma vantagem competitiva e maior agregação de valor aos seus proprietários, bem como a adoção dos direcionadores de valor vinculados a estas estratégias. Cabe destacar que as principais capacidades diferenciadoras destacadas pelas empresas referem-se à compra do café, principalmente de exportadores e a comercialização em supermercados. Essas empresas estão buscando oportunidades de mercado, consideram a qualidade dos produtos e adota o marketing como critério para aumentar o valor do produto. Além disso, possuem uma política de preços em relação a cobrir os custos totais, visto queaumentaram a variedade de produtos oferecidos para aumentar a fatia de mercado. As estratégias desenvolvidas pelas torrefadoras estão voltadas para redução de custos e rentabilidade. A partir dos resultados discutidos, pode-se conclui que, de modo geral, as empresas pesquisadas estão buscando uma maior agregação de valor com base nas capacidades diferenciadoras. Além disso, estão procurando identificar direcionadores de valor adequados para as novas oportunidades de mercado tanto para a industrialização como para a comercialização de produtos com qualidade, ou seja, estão buscando inovarem em suas atividades produtivas para uma redução de custos e maior ganho.
Additional file 3 of Spatial heterogeneity and socioeconomic determinants of opioid prescribing in England between 2015 and 2018
Creators: name: Schifanella, Rossano
name: Vedove, Dario Delle
name: Salomone, Alberto
name: Bajardi, Paolo
name: Paolotti, Daniela
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3 Spatial distribution of the general practices in England at LSOA level.
Phase Diagram of the Proton-Neutron Interacting Boson Model
Creators: name: Arias, J. M.
name: Garcia-Ramos, J. E.
name: Dukelsky, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of the proton--neutron interacting boson model (IBM--2) with special emphasis on the phase transitions leading to triaxial phases. The existence of a new critical point between spherical and triaxial shapes is reported.
description: Accepted in PRL. 4 pages, 5 figures
Quotas-tarifarias e acesso aos mercados agricolas
Creators: name: Kume, Honorio
name: Piani, Guida
name: Miranda, Pedro
name: Kume, Honorio
name: Piani, Guida
name: Miranda, Pedro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Nos últimos 10 anos, o uso de quotas-tarifárias disseminou-se tanto como parte dos compromissos assumidos no Acordo implementado pela Organização Mundial de Comércio, como em vários acordos bilaterais ou regionais, graças à garantia de acesso a exportações agrícolas e à obtenção de rendas extraordinárias geradas pela imposição de quotas. No entanto, o papel da quota-tarifária como instrumento de proteção ainda não é bem compreendido, pois muitas vezes ignora-se que apenas um dos três instrumentos da quotatarifária, dependendo da demanda, efetivamente restringe as importações, sendo os demais redundantes. Nas negociações comerciais, um procedimento comum é a oferta de quotas adicionais que permitem ampliar as importações com tarifa reduzida (intra-quota), induzindo à percepção de que ocorrerá um aumento efetivo na quantidade exportada equivalente à quota adicional concedida. No entanto, esse procedimento ignora o impacto sobre a renda extraordinária proporcionada pela quota. Este trabalho pretende avaliar os possíveis efeitos da aceitação de quotas-tarifárias pelos países do Mercosul para as exportações brasileiras de determinados produtos agrícolas para o mercado da União Européia, com base na última proposta oficial européia de maio de 2004, no âmbito das negociações para um acordo de livre-comércio entre o Mercosul e a União Européia. Os resultados indicam um aumento na receita de divisas de US$ 603,4 milhões, sendo US$ 115,8 milhões pela apropriação das rendas das quotas e US$ 487,6 milhões pelo incremento nas exportações. Esse resultado corresponde a 80,9% do valor da quota oferecida para esses produtos, a preços correntes. Estes confirmam ainda que a desconsideração dos elementos que explicam o funcionamento dos regimes de quotastarifárias e das condições de demanda dos diferentes produtos pode introduzir um viés na estimação dos ganhos potencialmente gerados pela concessão de quotas adicionais nas negociações comerciais de produtos agrícolas.
Do State Property Tax Programs Preserve Farmland?
Creators: name: Hady, Thomas F.
name: Hady, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Land Economics/Use
Public Economics

description: Differential assessment programs for farmland started as an experiment in a few States in the late fifties, expanding to 48 States by 1979. The legislation was intended to provide tax relief to farmers and help preserve farmland by assessing farms at their agricultural value, rather than market value. As these laws became widespread, each State developed a slightly different set of provisions. It is, therefore, difficult to classify them in a few general categories. But, there are three broad types: preferential assessment, deferred tax, and restrictive agreement. Some States have more than one type.
X-ray He-like ion diagnostics: New computations for photoionized plasma. II: Influence of different parameters
Creators: name: Godet, Olivier
name: Collin, Suzy
name: Dumont, Anne-Marie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous article, with a new code designed for a photoionized thick hot medium using a full transfer treatment of both lines and continuum, we have studied the He-like emission of a medium photoionized by an X-ray source. We considered the influence of density, ionization parameter and column density. We stressed that photoionized media are not uniform in temperature and we showed that photoexcitation and large column densities should be considered to avoid misinterpretation of the properties of the medium. To complete the possible situations observed in photoionized plasmas, we consider here the influence of microturbulence due for instance to a velocity gradient, of different element abundance, and of different ionizing spectral distributions. All new situations are computed using the same code, but with an improved version of our He-like atomic model. We give values of the G and R ratios, the equivalent width, and the ionic column densities with a greater accuracy than previously achieved. A large microturbulence results in a decrease of the G ratios for large column densities, for which the He-triplet resonant lines are optically thick. On the contrary, the R ratio is almost independent of the dispersion velocity and the element abundances, as long as the intercombination lines are optically thin. Through two 'universal diagrams' not depending on any parameter, we also present a way to determine the ionization parameter and the total column density of the emitting regions from the temperature of the observed radiative recombination continuum of a given ion and its column density.
description: 11 pages, 18 Postscript figures, accepted to A&A
Cost-sensitive Feature Selection for Support Vector Machines
Creators: name: Benítez-Peña, Sandra
name: Blanquero, Rafael
name: Carrizosa, Emilio
name: Ramírez-Cobo, Pepa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Feature Selection is a crucial procedure in Data Science tasks such as Classification, since it identifies the relevant variables, making thus the classification procedures more interpretable, cheaper in terms of measurement and more effective by reducing noise and data overfit. The relevance of features in a classification procedure is linked to the fact that misclassifications costs are frequently asymmetric, since false positive and false negative cases may have very different consequences. However, off-the-shelf Feature Selection procedures seldom take into account such cost-sensitivity of errors.
 In this paper we propose a mathematical-optimization-based Feature Selection procedure embedded in one of the most popular classification procedures, namely, Support Vector Machines, accommodating asymmetric misclassification costs. The key idea is to replace the traditional margin maximization by minimizing the number of features selected, but imposing upper bounds on the false positive and negative rates. The problem is written as an integer linear problem plus a quadratic convex problem for Support Vector Machines with both linear and radial kernels.
 The reported numerical experience demonstrates the usefulness of the proposed Feature Selection procedure. Indeed, our results on benchmark data sets show that a substantial decrease of the number of features is obtained, whilst the desired trade-off between false positive and false negative rates is achieved.