title: A Different Way of Being: The Influence of a Single Antenatal Relaxation Class on Maternal Psychological Wellbeing and Childbirth Experience An Exploratory Sequential Mix-Method Study
Creators: name: Ghaffari, Mojdeh Tabib (Mo Tabib)
Publisher: name: Edinburgh Napier University
Year: 2023

description: Background: Perinatal mental health problems are prevalent, have a wide range of adverse effects on the mother and her child, and are predictors of negative childbirth experiences. Therefore, improving perinatal mental health is a global public health priority and developing services that could promote it must be a priority for maternity services. There is growing evidence that antenatal education incorporating hypnosis or guided imagery techniques may have the potential to promote perinatal mental health and positive childbirth experiences. However, high-quality research in the field is lacking.

Aim and objectives: This study aimed to explore the influence of a single 3- hour Antenatal Relaxation Class (ARC), incorporating theory on childbirth physiology, hypnosis and guided imagery, on maternal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences. The objectives of the study were to: a) identify the aspects of maternal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences that may be influenced by ARC, b) understand ‘why’ and ‘how’ any influence may occur, c) identify the factors that may mitigate the influence of ARC during labour and birth, and d) test the significance of any influence over time.

Methods: The study took an exploratory sequential mixed-method approach. In the initial qualitative phase, a purposive sample of 17 women and 9 birth partners participated in either individual (8 women) or joint (9 women and their birth partners) semi-structured in-depth interviews. The data were analysed using descriptive qualitative and reflexive thematic analysis. The follow up quantitative phase was a prospective longitudinal cohort study that used surveys to further examine childbirth experiences and measure psychological wellbeing in a sample of 91 women at three time points: pre-class, post-class, and post-birth.

Findings: Attending ARC was associated with increased childbirth self-efficacy, reduced fear of childbirth and state and trait anxiety, as well as improved mental wellbeing. These changes were significant and lasted over time, until after the birth. Attitudes towards childbirth changed after attendance at ARC, which motivated wide use of relaxation techniques as a self-care behaviour during pregnancy, labour, birth and beyond. Use of relaxation techniques was perceived to positively influence women’s childbirth experiences and choices including a decline in choice of epidural use for labour pain. The efficacy of the learned techniques in the management of labour pain, however, depended on the ‘birth space’ which encompassed the physical environment, interactions with birth attendants and the clinical picture of the experience.

Conclusion: Incorporating theory on childbirth physiology, hypnosis and guided imagery in childbirth education can enhance perinatal psychological wellbeing and childbirth experiences. Providing relevant education for birth practitioners may contribute to a salutogenic model of childbirth care in which practitioners can facilitate childbirth education as well as a birth space that is conducive to experiencing an altered state of consciousness as a health promoting state.