cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
One Step Ahead of the Law: The Net Effect of Anticipation and Implementation of Colombia’s Illegal Crops Substitution Program
Creators: name: Saavedra Pineda, Santiago
name: Ladino, Juan Felipe
name: Wiesner, Daniel
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: Las políticas pre-anunciadas a menudo generan efectos de anticipación que pueden terminar en consecuencias no deseadas. Pero se sabe poco sobre la medida en que la implementación de la política puede compensar estos efectos. Investigaciones anteriores han mostrado que el anuncio del programa de sustitución de cultivos ilicitos hizo que el cultivo de coca aumentara sustancialmente en Colombia, pero no se ha estimado el efecto neto de la política. Usamos datos detallados sobre el cultivo de coca y los pagos de sustitución en grillas cuadradas de 1km X 1km para estimar el efecto neto de la política. Nuestros datos también nos permiten estudiar los efectos indirectos del programa en áreas vecinas no focalizadas. Utilizando una estrategia empírica de diferencia en diferencias, encontramos que los beneficiarios del programa redujeron los cultivos de coca en un 94% con respecto al promedio antes del programa. Sorprendentemente, la reducción en las áreas grillas vecinas (no focalizadas) es de magnitud similar. Sin embargo, estas reducciones no son suficientes para compensar el gran aumento en el cultivo de coca que tuvo lugar entre el anuncio y la implementación de la política, y por lo tanto el efecto neto es negativo. Esto sugiere que el anuncio temprano fue un error que condujo a un costo considerable por única vez, pero los esfuerzos de sustitución en curso tendrán los efectos previstos si continúan.
A segmented and observable Yield Curve
Creators: name: Rodriguez Revilla, Cristhian Andres
name: Peña, Juan Felipe
name: Castro, Carlos
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: Siguiendo a Almeida et al. (2018) implementamos un modelo segmentado de Nelson-Siegel de tres factores para la estructura a plazos, utilizando precios diarios de los TES en pesos y la tasa interbancaria de referencia para Colombia. La estimación flexible de cada segmento de la curva (corto, medio y largo) proporciona una ventaja sobre el modelos clásico de Nelson y Siegel en el momento de realizar pronósticos dentro y fuera de la muestra. Un modelo segmentado basado en los datos directos de los bonos proporciona un aproximación mas cercana a las necesidades de los profesionales en la industria en términos de su capacidad para reproducir los precios del mercado y permitir choques locales en los diferentes segmentos de la curva de rendimientos.
Missing the Target? - Targeted Therapy in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Creators: name: Purshouse, Karin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cancer

description: Review article from Advances in Lung Cancer - full articles available at http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=48975#.VKmzCMZZVUQ. DOI: 10.4236/alc.2014.33008
Intertemporal Choice Experiments and Large-Stakes Behavior
Creators: name: Sprenger, Charles
name: Rentschler, Lucas
name: Blazsek, Szabolcs
name: Aycinena, Diego
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Los experimentos de elección intertemporal se implementan con frecuencia para hacer inferencias sobre las preferencias de tiempo, aunque se sabe poco sobre el poder predictivo de las medidas resultantes. Este proyecto vincula las opciones experimentales estándar con una decisión sobre el deseo de suavizar un pago de grandes apuestas (alrededor del 10% de los ingresos anuales) a lo largo del tiempo. En una muestra de alrededor de 400 receptores de transferencias monetarias condicionadas en Guatemala, encontramos que las preferencias sobre los planes de pago de grandes apuestas se predicen de cerca mediante medidas experimentales de paciencia y utilidad marginal decreciente. Estos representan los primeros hallazgos en la literatura sobre el contenido predictivo de preferencias intertemporales obtenidas experimentalmente para decisiones de gran importancia.
Endo180 modulation by bisphosphonates and diagnostic accuracy in metastatic breast cancer.
Creators: name: Palmieri, Carlo
name: Caley, Matthew
name: Purshouse, Karin
name: Et Al.
name: Sturge, Justin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Cancer

description: Link to published article: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3553530/pdf/bjc2012540a.pdf Publisher copyright and source: Published by British Journal of Cancer. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.540. Publisher's version/PDF may be used after 12 months embargo, under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike License
「ソ系とア系の文脈指示詞の導入について」
Creators: name: Olszewski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature

description: Paper presented at the 2nd Conference for Japanese Language Teaching Specialists from East-Central Europe, Budapest 2004.
EVALUATION OF A RAPID TEST FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF Mycobacterium tuberculosis AND SIX OTHER SPECIES OF ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIA DIRECTLY FROM SPUTUM
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Fernández, José
name: E Villegas
name: JA Carrillo
name: Sorlózano-Puerto, Antonio
name: Roman, Juan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Introduction: The diagnosis of tuberculosis and, in general, infectious disease caused by mycobacteria is a
slow process, which significantly delayed the initiation of appropriate antibiotic therapy. The development
of molecular techniques that allow detection and identification of mycobacteria directly from clinical
specimen would be a desirable to shorten this period.
Material and methods: We used seven international reference strains of mycobacteria to inoculate,
artificially, sputum, and perform tests that determine the ability of the Oligo Speed Mycobacteria® to
identify the bacteria directly, without having to grow the samples in conventional culture media.
Results: The test correctly identified seven strains used, even when the bacteria were found at
concentrations below the detection limits of the smear.
Conclusions: The Speed-Oligo Mycobacteria® could be valid for the direct detection and identification of
mycobacteria in sputum, including those with a negative smear
Radiografia de la pobreza en Colombia
Creators: name: Saavedra Pineda, Santiago
name: Peña Tenjo, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: La tasa de pobreza ha disminuido considerablemente en Colombia, pero todavia hay tres millones de colombianos que no tienen ingresos suficientes para cubrir sus necesidades basicas. En este artıculo presentamos caracterısticas descriptivas de los hogares colombianos en condicion de pobreza monetaria, en el espıritu de Banerjee y Duflo (2007).Usamos cuatro bases de datos distintas para cubrir diversos indicadores económicos. Si bien el valor promedio de los indicadores en Colombia son mejores que en otros países en desarrollo, lo mas preocupante es la desigualdad entre regiones, y zonas rurales comparadas a las urbanas.
Does free information provision crowd out costly information acquisition? It’s a matter of timing
Creators: name: Rentschler, Lucas
name: Gomberg, Andrei
name: Elbittar, Alexander
name: Aycinena, Diego
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: La sabiduría convencional sugiere que prometerle a un agente información gratuita desplazaría la costosa adquisición de información. Demostramos teóricamente que esta intuición solo se sostiene como un caso filo de cuchillo donde los priores son simétricos. Para los antecedentes asimétricos, se predice que los agentes aumentarán su adquisición de información cuando se les prometa información gratuita en el futuro. Probamos en el laboratorio si tal desplazamiento ocurre tanto para los anteriores simétricos como asimétricos. Encontramos apoyo teórico para las predicciones: cuando los antecedentes son asimétricos, la promesa de información gratuita en el futuro induce a los sujetos a adquirir información costosa que de otra manera no estarían adquiriendo.
Generosity and Wealth : Experimental Evidence from Bogotá Stratification
Creators: name: Blanco, Mariana
name: Dalton, Patricio
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: This paper combines laboratory experiments with a unique feature of the city of Bogotá to uncover the relationship between generosity and wealth. Bogotá is divided by law into six socio-economic strata which are close proxies of household wealth and income. We recruit subjects from different strata and run a series of double-blind dictator games where the recipient is the NGO Techo-Colombia, which builds transitional housing for homeless families. We identify the stratum of each subject anonymously and blindly, and match their donations with their stratum. In a first experiment we provide a fixed endowment to all participants and find that donations are significantly increasing with wealth. However, in a second experiment, we show that this is not because the rich are intrinsically more generous, but because the experimental endowment has lower real value for them. With endowments that are equivalent to their daily expenditures, the rich, the middle-class and the poor give a similar proportion of their stratum-equivalent endowment. Moreover, we find that the motivation to donate is similar across strata, where the generosity act is explained mainly by warm-glow rather than pure altruism.
Productivity and Sectoral Allocation : The Labor Market of School Principals
Creators: name: Muñoz, Pablo
name: Prem, Mounu
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: An important question is whether differences in management can explain variation in productivity and whether different compensation schemes and selection policies can impact the allocation of managerial effectiveness. To investigate this, we measure the value-added of school principals and study their labor market outcomes in Chile, where a large subsidized private sector competes with public sector schools. Using large administrative data sets on student performance and school personnel, we document substantial variation across principals in their ability to improve students’ learning. We show that effective principals increase the retention of young and high value-added teachers, and that principal effectiveness is recognized by the school community. A theoretical model of job offers and acceptances guides our empirical inquiry into the principals’ labor market. Leveraging observational and quasi-experimental variation, we show that: (1) principals’ effectiveness is more strongly associated with wages in private schools, and (2) despite relatively rigid wages, public schools can attract better principals by improving their personnel selection process.
Świat powieści Murakamiego Haruki – pomiędzy postmodernizmem a literaturą popkultury. Deformacja wizji artystycznej w polskich przekładach
Creators: name: Olszewski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Literature

description: The article is an analysis of Polish translations of two novels by Murakami Haruki: "The End of the World and the Hard-boiled Wonderland" and "South of the Border, West of the Sun". This analysis focuses on the problem of the accuracy of Polish translations and shows - without any doubt - that even very slight mistakes may cause the lose of some important factors from the deep structure of the novels. Even in the novels by Murakami Haruki - perhaps one of the most widely known contemporary Japanese writers - the classical Japanese culture and aesthetics are often the factors, which remains unknown (or lost) in translations.
Is global deforestation under lockdown?
Creators: name: Saavedra Pineda, Santiago
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: La pandemia del COVID-19 y las respuestas de los gobiernos han detenido abruptamente la actividad económica en todo el mundo. El medio ambiente se ha beneficiado con la reducción de la contaminación en las zonas urbanas, pero lo que ha sucedido en las zonas rurales con la deforestación aún no se ha estudiado. A priori, el efecto no es claro: la deforestación podría disminuir con las restricciones a la actividad económica. Pero podría haber aumentado dadas las reducciones en el monitoreo. Combino datos quincenales de 70 países que cubren todo el bosque tropical del mundo con las fechas en que cada país comenzó las restricciones. Utilizando diferencia en diferencias, encuentro que, aunque la deforestación es mayor en 2020 en comparación con 2019, no se debe a los aislamientos, sino a una mayor deforestación que los precede. Existe heterogeneidad por el nivel de efectividad gubernamental del país: los países con una gobernanza efectiva experimentan una reducción de la deforestación, probablemente porque pueden hacer cumplir las restricciones de bloqueo.
Preventing rather than Punishing: An Early Warning Model of Malfeasance in Public Procurement
Creators: name: Martínez-Vargas, Juan Ramón
name: Gallego, Jorge A.
name: Rivero, Gonzalo
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: Is it possible to predict corruption and public inefficiency in public procurement? With the proliferation of e-procurement in the public sector, anti-corruption agencies and watchdog organizations in many countries currently have access to powerful sources of information. These may help anticipate which transactions become faulty and why. In this paper, we discuss the promises and challenges of using machine learning models to predict inefficiency and corruption in public procurement, both from the perspective of researchers and practitioners. We exemplify this procedure using a unique dataset characterizing more than 2 million public contracts in Colombia, and training machine learning models to predict which of them face corruption investigations or implementation inefficiencies. We use different techniques to handle the problem of class imbalance typical of these applications, report the high accuracy of our models, simulate the trade-off between precision and recall in this context, and determine which features contribute the most to the prediction of malfeasance within contracts. Our approach is useful for governments interested in exploiting large administrative datasets to improve the provision of public goods and highlights some of the tradeoffs and challenges that they might face throughout this process.
End-of-Conflict Deforestation : Evidence From Colombia’s Peace Agreement
Creators: name: Saavedra Pineda, Santiago
name: Vargas, Juan F.
name: Prem, Mounu
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: Armed conflict can endanger natural resources through several channels such as direct predation from fighting groups, but it may also help preserve ecosystems by dissuading extractive economic activities through the fear of extortion. The effect of conflict on deforestation is thus an empirical question. This paper studies the effect on forest cover of Colombia’s recent peace negotiation between the central government and the FARC insurgency. Using yearly deforestation data from satellite images and a difference-in-differences identification strategy, we show that areas controlled by FARC prior to the declaration of a permanent ceasefire that ultimately led to a peace agreement experienced a differential increase in deforestation after the start of the ceasefire. The deforestation effect of peace is attenuated in municipalities with higher state capacity, and is exacerbated by land intensive economic activities. Our results highlight the importance of complementing peacemaking milestones with state building efforts to avoid environmental damage.
A Novel Blocking Effect Reduction Method Based on Human Visual System Features
Creators: name: Santos, Jorge De Jesus
name: Iano, Yuzo
name: Gradvohl, André
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a brief study about the performance of nine post-processing methods on blocked images, and two new approaches which propose, respectively, the reduction of the blocking artifact and a measure for the visual perception of the Human Visual System (HVS) regarding this distortion. The studies concerning the chosen methods consist of detailed analysis about their methodology and their computational implementation. A new visual perception metric is introduced, which is called Blocking Visual Effect Index (BVEI). It is based on loss of correlation criteria in inter-blocks regions, distortion of local average luminance, and takes into account the contrast perception sensibility of human eye. The proposed post-processing method considers the features of HVS when varying the smoothing parameter inside the blocking areas in accordance with the perception of blocking artifacts. Thus, they are smoothed without loss of details. Aiming at obtaining a consistence with subjective evaluation of postprocessed images, this work provides comparative tests for evaluating the performance of the chosen methods and the proposed one, Also it emphasizes the efficiency of the new quality metric. This efficiency is evidenced by the increase of quality of post-processing images, regarding the test images.
Motivating bureaucrats with non-monetary incentives when state capacity is weak : Evidence from large-scale field experiments in Peru
Creators: name: Maldonado, Stanislao
name: Dustan, Andrew
name: Hernandez-Agramont, Juan Manuel
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: We study how non-monetary incentives, motivated by recent advances in behavioral economics, affect civil servant performance in a context where state capacity is weak. We collaborated with a government agency in Peru to experimentally vary the content of text messages targeted to civil servants in charge of a school maintenance program. These messages incorporate behavioral insights in dimensions related to information provision, social norms, and weak forms of monitoring and auditing. We find that these messages are a very cost-effective strategy to enforce compliance with national policies among civil servants. We further study the role of social norms and the salience of social benefits in a follow-up experiment and explore the external validity of our original results by implementing a related experiment with civil servants from a different national program. The findings of these new experiments support our original results and provide additional insights regarding the context in which these incentives may work. Our results highlight the importance of carefully designed non-monetary incentives as a tool to improve civil servant performance when the state lacks institutional mechanisms to enforce compliance.
Patronage and Selection in Public Sector Organizations
Creators: name: Colonnelli, Emanuele
name: Prem, Mounu
name: Teso, Edoardo
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: In all modern bureaucracies, politicians retain some discretion in public em- ployment decisions, which may lead to frictions in the selection process if political connections substitute for individual competence. Relying on detailed matched employer-employee data on the universe of public employees in Brazil over 1997–2014, and on a regression discontinuity design in close electoral races, we establish three main findings. First, political connections are a key and quantitatively large determinant of employment in public organizations, for both bureaucrats and frontline providers. Second, patronage is an important mechanism behind this result. Third, political considerations lead to the selection of less competent individuals.
What predicts corruption?
Creators: name: Gallego, Jorge A.
name: Colonnelli, Emanuele
name: Gallego, Jorge A.
name: Prem, Mounu
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: Using rich micro data from Brazil, we show that multiple popular machine learning models display extremely high levels of performance in predicting municipality-level corruption in public spending. Measures of private sector activity, financial development, and human capital are the strongest predictors of corruption, while public sector and political features play a secondary role. Our findings have implications for the design and cost-effectiveness of various anti-corruption policies.
The Political Economy of Patrons, Brokers, and Voters
Creators: name: Wantchekon, Leonard
name: Gallego, Jorge A.
name: Li, Christopher
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: Formal models of political clientelism tend to focus on vote buying, the exchange of cash and goods for votes on election day. However, other components of the phenomenon, such as patronage, the exchange of public jobs and contracts for political support, are more important in order to understand the pervasive consequences of clientelism. We develop a game-theoretic model of patronage, in which candidates must decide between broker-mediated electoral strategies versus grassroots campaigns. Our model shows that patronage is more likely when public offices are relatively more valuable for brokers, a condition that is typical of institutional configurations that foster corruption. Moreover, setups that constrain candidates from funding grassroots campaigns and weaken ties between politicians and citizens make broker-mediated campaigns more likely. We show that patronage negatively affects citizens' welfare, as winning brokers end up being appointed to public office, undermining the quality of civil servants and public goods provision.
„Elegia na śmierć żony” Kakinomoto no Hitomaro a problem przekładalności poezji starojapońskiej
Creators: name: Olszewski, Krzysztof
name: Kakinomoto No Hitomaro
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Literature

description: The paper is a detailed analysis of two translations (English and Russian) of Kakinomoto no Hitomaro's (660-710) "The Elegy for My Dead Wife" (included in the first imperial anthology of Japanese poetry, "Man'yoshu"). This analysis focuses on the problem whether to avoid translating the so-called 'pillow-words' (makura-kotoba) - fixed epithets, which were one of the most important rhetorical figures in the old Japanese poetry. Many specialists find them conventional and thus lacking any important information. However, in spite of their conventionality, makura-kotoba play often an important role in constructing of the set of deep allusions within the structure of the poem.
The Discrete Charm of Nominal Illusion
Creators: name: Fatas, Enrique
name: Morales, Antonio J.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: We investigate the emergence and persistence of nominal illusion in an experimental entry game where firms must choose which local market to enter, then compete in prices. All local markets are equivalent in real terms and they only differ in the currency the price competition is run under. Our experimental results show a positive, persistent and monotone effect of the nominal exchange rate on (real) posted prices. We provide an explanation in terms of players simplifying the choice set using discrete grids.
A Theory of Armed Clientelism
Creators: name: Gallego, Jorge A.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: Armed clientelism is a particular form of patronage in which politicians and non-state armed groups establish a symbiotic relationship where the former provides economic resources, judicial protection, or other benefits, while the latter provides political support and votes. In this paper a theory of armed clientelism is presented, which shows that when politicians establish illegal alliances with armed groups and mafias, they face a political tradeoff: illegal alliances augment the probability of being elected, but generate the risk of being removed from office. The model predicts that in a context in which a mafia controls a district or a town, armed clientelism is more likely when social diversity among the constituency is high, the judicial system is inefficient, party identification of citizens to clientelistic parties is low, and candidates are highly budget-constrained. It also shows that armed clientelism is more likely when the illegal group and the machine are ideologically aligned.
Blessing a Curse? Institutional Reform and Resource Booms in Colombia
Creators: name: Trujillo, Lorena
name: Maldonado, Stanislao
name: Gallego, Jorge A.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: Is it possible to revert the resource curse through institutional reform? Evidence suggests that there is a negative relationship between abundance of natural resources and economic growth, political stability, democracy, and peace. However, evidence illustrating how institutional reform can revert this situation is scarce. In this paper, we exploit an institutional reform that took place in Colombia in 2011. We evaluate the effects of the reform to the royalties system, that modified the allocation rule of these rents but also introduced important changes in terms of control and accountability, on the living standards of Colombian households. We instrument municipality-level allocations of royalties using international variations in the price of oil, and we find that the reform had important effects on several household welfare indicators. We find positive impacts on important dimensions, such as poverty, income, employment, housing conditions, health, and education, among others. Results are mixed or null in other areas, such as formality or employment in the service sector. We test for different channels explaining these effects, which include theories of state capacity, competition for resources, and increased control and accountability. Our evidence supports the state capacity mechanism.
The Vertical Cooperative : An experiment on cooperation and punishment across networks
Creators: name: Melendez, Miguel Angel
name: Fatas, Enrique
name: Solaz, Hector
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2018

description: We experimentally study punishment patterns across network structures, and their effect on cooperation. In a repeated public goods setting, subjects can only observe and punish their neighbors. Centralized structures (like the star network) outperform other incomplete networks and reach contribution levels like the ones observed in a complete network. Our results suggest that hierarchical network structures with a commonly observed player benefit more from sanctions not because central players punish more, but because they follow, and promote, different punishment patterns. While quasi-central players in other incomplete architectures (like the line network) retaliate, and get trapped in the vicious circle of antisocial punishment, central players in the star network do not punish back, increase their contributions when sanctioned by peripheral players, and sanction other participants in a prosocial manner. Our results illustrate recent field studies on the evolutionary prevalence of hierarchical networks. We document a network-based rationale for this positive effect in an identity-free, fully anonymous environment.
The internal labor markets of business groups
Creators: name: Prem, Mounu
name: Larrain, Mauricio
name: Larrain, Borja
name: Huneeus, Federico
name: Huneeus, Cristobal
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: This paper provides novel micro evidence of labor mobility inside business groups. We show that worker flows between group firms are significantly more prevalent than between unaffiliated firms. We also find that groups respond to changing business conditions by reallocating top-occupation workers across affiliated firms. The wages of top workers increase as they move within the group. Internal labor reallocation is stronger when the worker’s origin firm controls the destination firm and in more complex hierarchical structures. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that groups ease the transfer of intangible inputs, such as management practices, across firms.
Gramatyka japońska - recenzja
Creators: name: Olszewski, Krzysztof
name: Huszcza, Romuald
name: Ikushima, Maho
name: Majewski, Jan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2015
Subjects: Language

description: Recenzja 1. tomu "Gramatyki japońskiej" pod red. Romualda Huszczy, Maho Ikushimy i Jana Majewskiego.
Natural resources, redistribution and Human capital formation
Creators: name: Ñopo, Hugo
name: Maldonado, Stanislao
name: Balcazar, Carlos
name: Aguero, Jorge
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2016

description: How do resource booms affect human capital accumulation? We exploit time and spatial variation generated by the commodity boom across local governments in Peru to measure the effect of natural resources on human capital formation. We explore the effect of both mining production and tax revenues on test scores, finding a substantial and statistically significant effect for the latter. Transfers to local governments from mining tax revenues are linked to an increase in math test scores of around 0.23 standard deviations. We find that the hiring of permanent teachers as well as the increases in parental employment and improvements in health outcomes of adults and children are plausible mechanisms for such large effect on learning. These findings suggest that redistributive policies could facilitate the accumulation of human capital in resource abundant developing countries as a way to avoid the natural resources curse.
Rank Gaps and the Size of the Core for Roommate Problems
Creators: name: Klijn, Flip
name: Kayi, Cagatay
name: Jaramillo, Paula
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2017

description: This paper deals with roommate problems (Gale and Shapley, 1962) that are solvable, i.e., have a non-empty core (set of stable matchings). We study the assortativeness of stable matchings and the size of the core by means of maximal and average rank gaps. We provide upper bounds in terms of maximal and average disagreements in the agents’ rankings. Finally, we show that most of our bounds are tight.
Local incentives and national tax evasion: unintended effects of a mining royalties reform in Colombia
Creators: name: Romero, Mauricio
name: Saavedra Pineda, Santiago
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: Lograr una distribución justa de los recursos es uno de los objetivos clave de la política fiscal. Para hacer esto, los gobiernos a menudo transfieren recursos fiscales de áreas ricas a áreas pobres. En este articulo estudiamos si transferencias más bajas disminuyen los incentivos de las autoridades locales para frenar la evasión fiscal en el contexto de la minería en Colombia. Para superar el desafío de medir la evasión, utilizamos machine learning en imágenes satélitales. Usando una estrategia de diferencia en diferencias, encontramos que una reducción en la proporcion de ingresos transferidos a los municipios mineros condujo a un aumento de la minería ilegal. Este resultado ilustra las dificultades de redistribuir los ingresos fiscales.
PITX1, a specificity determinant in the HIF-1α-mediated transcriptional response to hypoxia
Creators: name: Mudie, Sharon
name: Bandarra, Daniel
name: Batie, Michael
name: Biddlestone, John
name: Moniz, Sonia
name: Ortmann, Brian
name: Shmakova, Alena
name: Rocha, Sonia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: Hypoxia is an important developmental cue for multicellular organisms but it is also a contributing factor for several human pathologies, such as stroke, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. In cells, hypoxia activates a major transcriptional program coordinated by the Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) family. HIF can activate more than one hundred targets but not all of them are activated at the same time, and there is considerable cell type variability. In this report we identified the paired-like homeodomain pituitary transcription factor (PITX1), as a transcription factor that helps promote specificity in HIF-1α dependent target gene activation. Mechanistically, PITX1 associates with HIF-1β and it is important for the induction of certain HIF-1 dependent genes but not all. In particular, PITX1 controls the HIF-1α-dependent expression of the histone demethylases; JMJD2B, JMJD2A, JMJD2C and JMJD1B. Functionally, PITX1 is required for the survival and proliferation responses in hypoxia, as PITX1 depleted cells have higher levels of apoptotic markers and reduced proliferation. Overall, our study identified PITX1 as a key specificity factor in HIF-1α dependent responses, suggesting PITX1 as a protein to target in hypoxic cancers.
Communal property rights and deforestation
Creators: name: Romero, Mauricio
name: Saavedra, Santiago
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: Casi un tercio de la superficie forestal mundial está bajo titulación colectiva. En principio, este acuerdo podría conducir a una tragedia de los comunes y, por lo tanto, a una mayor deforestación. Pero monitorear la deforestación de agentes externos puede ser más fácil si el propietario es una comunidad en lugar de un individuo. En este articulo estudiamos el efecto de la titulación comunitaria en la deforestación en Colombia utilizando una estrategia de diferencia en discontinuidades que compara áreas justo afuera y justo adentro de un título, antes y después de la titulación. Encontramos que la deforestación disminuyó en las tierras comunales después de la titulación. Curiosamente, encontramos también evidencia de reducción de la deforestación en áreas cercanas.
Inhibition of Notch signaling enhances transdifferentiation of the esophageal squamous epithelium towards a Barrett's-like metaplasia via KLF4
Creators: name: Vega, Maria E
name: Giroux, Véronique
name: Mitsuteru Natsuizaka
name: Mingen Liu
name: Klein-Szanto, Andres J
name: Stairs, Douglas B
name: Nakagawa, Hiroshi
name: Wang, Kenneth K
name: Wang, Timothy C
name: Lynch, John P
name: Rustgi, Anil K
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Barrett's esophagus (BE) is defined as an incomplete intestinal metaplasia characterized generally by the presence of columnar and goblet cells in the formerly stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus. BE is known as a precursor for esophageal adenocarcinoma. Currently, the cell of origin for human BE has yet to be clearly identified. Therefore, we investigated the role of Notch signaling in the initiation of BE metaplasia. Affymetrix gene expression microarray revealed that BE samples express decreased levels of Notch receptors (NOTCH2 and NOTCH3) and one of the the ligands (JAG1). Furthermore, BE tissue microarray showed decreased expression of NOTCH1 and its downstream target HES1. Therefore, Notch signaling was inhibited in human esophageal epithelial cells by expression of dominant-negative-Mastermind-like (dnMAML), in concert with MYC and CDX1 overexpression. Cell transdifferentiation was then assessed by 3D organotypic culture and evaluation of BE-lineage specific gene expression. Notch inhibition promoted transdifferentiation of esophageal epithelial cells toward columnar-like cells as demonstrated by increased expression of columnar keratins (K8, K18, K19, K20) and glandular mucins (MUC2, MUC3B, MUC5B, MUC17) and decreased expression of squamous keratins (K5, K13, K14). In 3D culture, elongated cells were observed in the basal layer of the epithelium with Notch inhibition. Furthermore, we observed increased expression of KLF4, a potential driver of the changes observed by Notch inhibition. Interestingly, knockdown of KLF4 reversed the effects of Notch inhibition on BE-like metaplasia. Overall, Notch signaling inhibition promotes transdifferentiation of esophageal cells toward BE-like metaplasia in part via upregulation of KLF4. These results support a novel mechanism through which esophageal epithelial transdifferentiation promotes the evolution of BE.
Job migration in a rivalry setting
Creators: name: Fletcher, Robert
name: Saavedra, Santiago
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: La importancia de las redes sociales en la búsqueda de empleo y la migración han sido bien documentadas Sin embargo, la difusión amplia de información. a través de las redes cuando surgen oportunidades puede conducir fácilmente a la tragedia de los comunes --demasiadas personas agotan una oportunidad limitada puede significar que nadie se beneficie al final. Por lo tanto, a pesar del valor positivo de grandes redes sociales, esperaramos intercambio estratégico de información dentro de las redes. Para entender esto, estudiamos las decisiones de migración conjunta de las conexiones sociales a través de movimientos de mineros de oro en Colombia. Documentamos tres hechos que son fácilmente interpretables con un modelo de referencias y recursos escasos. Primero, trabajar con conexiones sociales cercanas es asociado con una mayor producción, pero tener demasiados mineros presentes es finalmente asociado con una menor producción. Segundo, en línea con el el primer resultado, encontramos que mineros más productivos, para quienes el agotamiento de los recursos son una preocupación mayor, invitan menos conexiones sociales. Finalmente, las conexiones que los mineros están dispuestos a invitar están muy seleccionadas; los mineros tienden a invitar a compañeros productivos sobre no productivos.
More roads, more conflict? The effect of rural roads on armed conflict and illegal economies in Colombia
Creators: name: Gallego, Jorge A.
name: Vargas, Juan F.
name: Moreno, Laura E.
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Este documento estima el impacto de las carreteras rurales en los conflictos armados y los cultivos ilícitos en Colombia durante un período de catorce años de rápido crecimiento de las inversiones en carreteras. Estimamos el impacto causal de estas intervenciones utilizando microdatos de los ingresos por regalías para el sector del transporte a nivel municipal e implementamos una estrategia de Diferencia en Diferencias con adopción escalonada. Los resultados muestran que los nuevos caminos rurales, en particular los pequeños proyectos conocidos como placa-huella, tienen un efecto causal positivo en los conflictos armados y en los cultivos de coca. Estos efectos no deseados de la provisión de carreteras se deben principalmente a la intensificación de la violencia en los municipios más ricos. En estos lugares, encontramos que la nueva conectividad conduce a un aumento en la producción de cultivos legales. Por lo tanto, los municipios más ricos son más atractivos para los grupos armados y más vulnerables a los ataques que buscan expropiar estas nuevas rentas. Además, el contexto institucional parece ser determinante en el signo del efecto: en municipios con instituciones calificadas y estables, la provisión de carreteras mitiga el desarrollo de actividades ilegales. Estos resultados destacan la importancia de proporcionar bienes públicos en paralelo con el fortalecimiento de la capacidad del estado local a través de instituciones confiables.
Do preferences for private labels respond to supermarket loyalty programs?
Creators: name: Florez-Acosta, Jorge
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Este documento examina los efectos de los programas de fidelización de supermercados en la demanda de etiquetas privadas (PL). Utilizando datos de nivel de transacción en compras de comestibles e información de nivel individual sobre la membresía de programas de lealtad, calculo un modelo de demanda en el que la membresía puede afectar la valoración de los consumidores para PL, su sensibilidad a los cambios de precios y tener efectos indirectos en ambas marcas nombradas ( NB) y PL de sus rivales. Mi estrategia de identificación del efecto de membresía explota la variación observada en los patrones de compra a nivel del consumidor a lo largo del tiempo y entre los tipos de clientes (es decir, miembros y no miembros) en cada período para controlar la mayor variación exógena posible, e incluye una función de control utilizando las características de los programas de lealtad como variables instrumentales para dar cuenta de un posible sesgo de selección relacionado con factores no observados de la decisión de membresía. Encuentro un efecto significativo de los programas de fidelización en las preferencias de los consumidores para los PL. En comparación con los que no son miembros, la membresía reduce la sensibilidad al precio de los consumidores para los productos vendidos por el supermercado del que son miembros, pero aumenta para los productos vendidos por los supermercados de los que no son miembros. Estos efectos son más débiles para los hogares que son miembros de los programas de lealtad de múltiples supermercados. Las simulaciones contrafácticas muestran que cuando un supermercado modifica su programa de lealtad mientras los competidores mantienen sus propios cambios, pierde en promedio alrededor del 19% de los clientes frente a sus rivales. Además, si los programas de lealtad se cambiaran por completo, la demanda de PL disminuiría considerablemente, mientras que la demanda de NB aumentaría.
Corruption and Firms
Creators: name: Colonnelli, Emanuele
name: Prem, Mounu
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: We estimate the causal real economic effects of a randomized anti-corruption crackdown on local governments in Brazil over the period 2003-2014. After anti-corruption audits, municipalities experience an increase in economic activity concentrated in sectors most dependent on government relationships. These effects spill over to nearby municipalities and are larger when the audits are covered by the media. Back-of-the-envelope estimates suggest that $1 away from corruption generates more than $3 in local value added. Using administrative matched employer-employee and firm-level datasets and novel face-to-face firm surveys we argue that corruption mostly acts as a barrier to entry, and by introducing costs and distortions on local government-dependent firms. The political misallocation of resources across firms plays a seemingly secondary role, indicating that at the local level most rents are captured by politicians and public officials rather than firms.
Extracting low-cost signals of quality control in community pharmacies: a simulated client study in Bogotá
Creators: name: Morales, Álvaro
name: Ortiz, Santiago
name: Mantilla, Cesar
name: Rodríguez Lesmes, Paul
name: Andia, Tatiana
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2020

description: Objetivos: determinar si existe una diferenciación en la calidad del servicio entre las farmacias comunitarias en Bogotá. Métodos: Utilizamos la metodología de cliente simulado (N = 298) para evaluar si las farmacias comunitarias de Bogotá cumplen con las reglas de prescripción relacionadas con los medicamentos anticonceptivos. Los clientes simulados solicitaron una marca específica de píldoras anticonceptivas para su hermana menor. Resultados: el uno por ciento del personal de la farmacia pidió una receta cuando se solicitaron las píldoras. El cinco por ciento del personal hizo preguntas adicionales que indican conocimiento o interés en la correcta entrega de las píldoras (por ejemplo, la edad de la hermana o si las píldoras se recetaron para el acné). No encontramos diferencias por nivel socioeconómico o tipo de propiedad de la farmacia (empresa grande versus independiente). Las farmacias independientes tenían menos probabilidades de retratar un diploma de su químico, y la probabilidad de que su personal usara batas blancas también era menor. Conclusiones: la diferenciación de calidad de las farmacias comunitarias de Bogotá parece estar relacionada con señales simples asociadas con una imagen profesional, pero no con procedimientos reales que garanticen la seguridad de los consumidores.
Lost in Transition? The Persistence of Dictatorship Mayors
Creators: name: González, Felipe
name: Muñoz, Pablo
name: Prem, Mounu
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2019

description: Dictatorships can affect the functioning of new democracies but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We study the Pinochet dictatorship in Chile using new data and provide two findings. First, mayors appointed by Pinochet obtained a nine percentage point vote premium in the first local election in democracy. This premium is explained by an incumbency advantage and by an increase in local spending during the transition. Second, dictatorship mayors increased the vote share of right-wing political parties in democracy. We conclude that the dictatorship won hearts and minds before the transition and successfully maintained part of their political power.
D3.6 - First report on harmonized and developed ontologies
Creators: name: Yang, Lan
name: Breslin, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Alignment
Data
Harmonization
Ontology
Standardization

description: To achieve interoperability, OntoCommons harmonizes domain-level ontologies (DLOs) and facilitates agreement in domain ontology development. As part of the effort of work package 3, an objective of OntoCommons is to provide alignments among existing DLOs from the stakeholders' community. This task requires completing several activities, including identifying existing DLOs and corresponding disciplines to be covered by the alignment effort, defining the level of alignment to be achieved by the DLOs, and finding gaps in the disciplines that can be filled with new DLOs. A second version of the harmonized DLO is planned to be published in the 34th month of the project. The report describes the methodology, list of disciplines and DLOs considered, and other technical details associated with the current development.