cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Economic Evaluation of Organic and Inorganic Resources for Recapitalizing Soil Fertility in Smallholder Maize-based Cropping Systems of Central Kenya
Creators: name: Ramisch, J.
name: Nyikal, Rose Adhiambo
name: Kimenye, L.N.
name: Kimani, Stephen K.
name: Macharia, Jm.
name: Ramisch, J.
name: Nyikal, Rose Adhiambo
name: Kimenye, L.N.
name: Kimani, Stephen K.
name: Macharia, Jm.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Natural resource capital
subject: Net present values (NPV)
subject: Nutrient budgets
subject: Smallholder farmers
subject: Soil organic matter (SOM)
subject: Structural adjustment programs (SAPs)

description: Structural adjustments programs (SAPs) in the last two decades have eliminated all farm-support programs leading to low usage of fertilizers by Kenyan smallholders. One way of addressing this problem is use of organic nutrient resources. This paper examines their cost-effectiveness as capital investments in replenishment of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K) and soil organic matter (SOM) in smallholder, Maize-based cropping systems. On-farm trials were established in Maragwa and Kirinyaga Districts in 2003/04. Maize was planted in 3 replicates in randomised complete block design (RCBD) using different levels of organic and inorganic fertilizer resources. A blanket rate of 40kg P/ha was applied in all treatment except the control to increase organic N-utilization efficiency. The test crop was harvested, oven-dried and weighed. Net Present Values (NPV) were computed using Partial Budgeting Analysis Model. Increasing levels of inorganic N increased maize yields significantly (P<0.05). However, higher yields were necessary but not sufficient criteria to determine profitability of different treatments. Manure + 60 kg N/ha gave highest NPV (USD 564), Manure + 40kg N/ha gave second highest NPV (USD 511) in Maragwa District while Manure + 60kg N/ha gave highest NPV (USD 633) and Manure + 40kg N/ha second highest NPV (USD 618) in Kirinyaga District. These results suggested that higher N-levels were not necessarily the most economical. Use of organic resources with modest amounts of mineral fertilizers seemed more profitable and held the key to enhancement of nutrient budgets, food security and rural livelihoods.
Empirical Tests of the Refutable Implications of Expected Utility Maximization under Risk
Creators: name: Liu, Yucan
name: Shumway, C. Richard
name: Liu, Yucan
name: Shumway, C. Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: indirect utility function
subject: refutable implications
subject: risk and uncertainty

description: The curvature properties of the indirect utility function imply a set of refutable implications in the form of comparative static results and symmetric relations for the competitive firm operating under uncertainty. These hypotheses, first derived and empirically tested under output price uncertainty by Saha and Shumway (1998), are extended in this paper to the more general case of both price and quantity uncertainty and result in an important theoretical finding. Empirical tests using a panel of state-level observations fail to reject most refutable hypotheses under output price and output quantity risk, but symmetry conditions implied by a twice-continuously-differentiable indirect utility function are rejected. Two restrictive risk preference hypotheses are also rejected. At individual observations, data were consistent with most of the hypotheses implied by individual states acting as though they were expected utility-maximizing firms.
Orbital spin dynamics of a millisecond pulsar around a massive black hole with an general mass quadrupole
Creators: name: Kimpson, Tom
name: Wu, Kinwah
name: Zane, Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the spin dynamics of a millisecond pulsar (MSP) in compact orbit around a Kerr-like massive black hole with an general mass quadrupole. We use the Mathisson-Papetrou-Dixon formulation to compute the orbital and spin evolution of the MSP, accounting for the non-linear interaction of the pulsar's energy-momentum tensor on the background spacetime metric. We investigate how the MSP spin and BH quadrupole moment manifest in the pulsar spin-orbital dynamics. We discuss the astrophysical observational implications of these spin and orbital dynamics on the timing of a radio pulsar in an Extreme Mass Ratio Binary, e.g. a Galactic Centre pulsar. In particular, notable timing variations in the Einstein delay and Roemer delay are observed, along with modifications to the pulsar pulse profile.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Endothelial activation and stress index (EASIX) is a reliable predictor for overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma
Creators: name: Ga-Young Song
name: Jung, Sung-Hoon
name: Kihyun Kim
name: Kim, Seok Jin
name: Yoon, Sang Eun
name: Lee, Ho Sup
name: Mihee Kim
name: Seo-Yeon Ahn
name: Jae-Sook Ahn
name: Deok-Hwan Yang
name: Hyeoung-Joon Kim
name: Je-Jung Lee
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis for overall survival (n = 1,177).
Induced Technological Change in Canadian Agriculture Field Crops - Canola and Wheat: 1926-2003
Creators: name: Mupondwa, Edmund K.
name: Mupondwa, Edmund K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Disaggregated data
subject: induced innovation
subject: stationarity
subject: unit roots
subject: cointegration
subject: vector error correction model

description: A tractable two-stage constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function is applied to disaggregated western Canadian wheat and canola data for 1926-2003 to investigate the induced innovation hypothesis. Time series properties of the data are analyzed using cointegration and error correction to assess causality in differentiating between technological change and factor substitution. The results provide empirical support for the hypothesis with respect to prairie wheat and canola production.
The cloudbow of planet Earth observed in polarisation
Creators: name: Sterzik, Michael F.
name: Bagnulo, Stefano
name: Emde, Claudia
name: Manev, Mihail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering processes in the atmospheres of planets cause characteristic features that can be particularly well observed in polarisation. For planet Earth, both molecular and scattering by small particles imprint specific signatures in its phase curve. An unequivocal prediction of a liquid-water-loaded atmosphere is the existence of a rainbow feature at a scattering angle of around 138-144deg. Earthshine allows us to observe the primary rainbow in linear polarisation. We observed polarisation spectra of Earthshine using FORS2 at the Very Large Telescope for phase angles from 33deg to 65deg (Sun--Earth--Moon angle). The spectra were used to derive the degree of polarisation in the B, V, R, and I passbands and the phase curve from 33deg to 136deg . The new observations extend to the smallest phases that can be observed from the ground. The degree of polarisation of planet Earth is increasing for decreasing phase angles downwards of 45deg. From comparison of the phase curve observed with models of an Earth-type atmosphere we are able to determine the refractive index of water and to constrain the mean water droplet sizes to 6-7 mum. Furthermore, we can retrieve the mean cloud fraction of liquid water clouds to 0.3, and the mean optical depth of the water clouds to values between 10 and 20. Our observations allow us to discern two fundamentally different scattering mechanisms of the atmosphere of planet Earth: molecular and particle scattering. The physical and chemical properties can be retrieved with high fidelity through suitable inversion of the phase curve. Observations of polarimetric phase curves of planets beyond the Solar System shall be extremely valuable for a thorough characterisation of their atmospheres.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Gene co-expression and histone modification signatures are associated with melanoma progression, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis
Creators: name: Hátylas Azevedo
name: Pessoa, Guilherme Cavalcante
name: Vitorino, Francisca Nathália De Luna
name: Nsengimana, Jérémie
name: Newton-Bishop, Julia
name: Reis, Eduardo Moraes
name: Cunha, Júlia Pinheiro Chagas Da
name: Jasiulionis, Miriam Galvonas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Scatter plots showing the relationship between the soft threshold power β (x-axis) and the scale-free topology model fit (R2) or mean connectivity values (y-axis). A β value equal to 10 was chosen, resulting in an R2 higher than 0.8 and a mean connectivity still above 0.
Edge diffraction and plasmon launching in two-dimensional electron systems
Creators: name: Nikulin, Egor
name: Bandurin, Denis
name: Svintsov, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffraction of light at lateral inhomogenities is a central process in the near-field studies of nanoscale phenomena, especially the propagation of surface waves. Theoretical description of this process is extremely challenging due to breakdown of plane-wave methods. Here, we present and analyze an exact solution for electromagnetic wave diffraction at the linear junction between two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) with dissimilar surface conductivities. The field at the junction is a combination of three components with different spatial structure: free-field component, non-resonant edge component, and surface plasmon-polariton (SPP). We find closed-form expressions for efficiency of photon-to-plasmon conversion by the edge being the ratio of electric fields in SPP and incident wave. Particularly, the conversion efficiency can considerably exceed unity for the contact between metal and 2DES with large impedance. Our findings can be considered as a first step toward quantitative near-field microscopy of inhomogeneous systems and polaritonic interferometry.
Magnetism in the S=1 frustrated antiferromagnet GeNi2O4 studied using implanted muons
Creators: name: Lancaster, T.
name: Blundell, S. J.
name: Prabhakaran, D.
name: Baker, P. J.
name: Hayes, W.
name: Pratt, F. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a muon-spin relaxation study of GeNi2O4. We provide further clarification of the two transitions to the antiferromagnetic state and measure the magnetic field dependence of the heat capacity up to 14 T. Both oscillatory and relaxing signals are observed below the lower transition (at temperature $T_{N2}) in the muon-decay positron asymmetry spectra, arising from two distinct types of magnetic environment. A possible explanation is suggested in terms of the separate ordering of two magnetic subsystems, one of which does not order fully down to the lowest measured temperature.
description: 6 pages with 3 figures
Was bedeutet unsere Zugehörigkeit zum Ökumenische Rat der Kirchen für unsere Gemeinden?
Creators: name: Smidt, Udo
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 10 Nr. 4 (1961): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 10, Heft 4
Additional file 1 of Investigating the utility of a high-temperature Thellier-style paleointensity experimental protocol
Creators: name: Grappone, J. Michael
name: Russell, James M.
name: Biggin, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Summary of Arai plot statistics from successful paleointensity experiments.
Impact of the EU Sugar Policy Reform and the WTO-DDA on the U.S. Sugar Industry
Creators: name: Andino, Jose
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Andino, Jose
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Sugar
subject: Liberalization
subject: EU Reform
subject: Doha Development Agenda

description: The EU reforms will increase the Caribbean sugar price, but will not affect the U.S. sugar industry. If liberalization occurs based on the WTO-DDA, U.S. wholesale sugar price will decrease from 24.89 to 23.79 cents per pound. It is also expected the Caribbean price to increase from 8.7 to 12.1 cents per pound. Key Words: Sugar, Liberalization, EU Reform, Doha Development Agenda
Domain Wall and Holographic Dark Energy in $f(Q)$ Theory of Gravity
Creators: name: Hatkar, S. P.
name: Tadas, D. P.
name: Katore, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present research article, we have studied the flat FRW space time with domain wall and holographic dark energy in the context of $f(Q)$ theory of gravity. The exact solutions of the field equations are obtained using two different forms of varying deceleration parameters: (i) $q=-b(t)-1$ and (ii) $q=-lt+m-1$. It is observed that the universe is accelerating and expanding. Furthermore, we have also discussed some physical parameters of the investigated model.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
How Reliable Is It to Obtain Price Flexibilities from Inverting Price Elasticities?
Creators: name: Huang, Kuo S.
name: Huang, Kuo S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Price elasticity and flexibility

description: Food price elasticities and flexibilities are widely used in agricultural policy and program analyses. Most agricultural economists take the reciprocal of a directly estimated elasticity, or more rigorously the inversion of an elasticity matrix at the retail level, as flexibility measures. Conceptual discussion and empirical evidence are provided to assess the reliability of this common practice of obtaining flexibility measures by inverting a matrix of directly estimated elasticities.
Wigner distributions for finite dimensional quantum systems: An algebraic approach
Creators: name: Chaturvedi, S.
name: Ercolessi, E.
name: Marmo, G.
name: Morandi, G.
name: Mukunda, N.
name: Simon, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss questions pertaining to the definition of `momentum', `momentum space', `phase space', and `Wigner distributions'; for finite dimensional quantum systems. For such systems, where traditional concepts of `momenta' established for continuum situations offer little help, we propose a physically reasonable and mathematically tangible definition and use it for the purpose of setting up Wigner distributions in a purely algebraic manner. It is found that the point of view adopted here is limited to odd dimensional systems only. The mathematical reasons which force this situation are examined in detail.
description: Latex, 13 pages
The effect of varying atmospheric pressure upon habitability and biosignatures of Earth-like planets
Creators: name: Keles, Engin
name: Grenfell, John Lee
name: Godolt, Mareike
name: Stracke, Barbara
name: Rauer, Heike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the possible climatic conditions on rocky extrasolar planets, and thereby their potential habitability, is one of the major subjects of exoplanet research. Determining how the climate, as well as potential atmospheric biosignatures, change under different conditions is a key aspect when studying Earth-like exoplanets. One important property is the atmospheric mass hence pressure and its influence on the climatic conditions. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to understand the influence of atmospheric mass on climate, hence habitability, and the spectral appearance of planets with Earth-like, that is, N2-O2 dominated, atmospheres orbiting the Sun at 1 Astronomical Unit. This work utilizes a 1D coupled, cloud-free, climate-photochemical atmospheric column model; varies atmospheric surface pressure from 0.5 bar to 30 bar; and investigates temperature and key species profiles, as well as emission and brightness temperature spectra in a range between 2μm - 20μm. Increasing the surface pressure up to 4 bar leads to an increase in the surface temperature due to increased greenhouse warming. Above this point, Rayleigh scattering dominates and the surface temperature decreases, reaching surface temperatures below 273K (approximately at ~34 bar surface pressure). For ozone, nitrous oxide, water, methane, and carbon dioxide, the spectral response either increases with surface temperature or pressure depending on the species. Masking effects occur, for example, for the bands of the biosignatures ozone and nitrous oxide by carbon dioxide, which could be visible in low carbon dioxide atmospheres.
Precision of single-qubit gates based on Raman transitions
Creators: name: Caillet, Xavier
name: Simon, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the achievable precision for single-qubit gates that are based on Raman transitions between two near-degenerate ground states via a virtually excited state. In particular, we study the errors due to non-perfect adiabaticity and due to spontaneous emission from the excited state. For the case of non-adabaticity, we calculate the error as a function of the dimensionless parameter $χ=Δτ$, where $Δ$ is the detuning of the Raman beams and $τ$ is the gate time. For the case of spontaneous emission, we give an analytical argument that the gate errors are approximately equal to $Λγ/Δ$, where $Λ$ is the rotation angle of the one-qubit gate and $γ$ is the spontaneous decay rate, and we show numerically that this estimate holds to good approximation.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures
A Nested Logit Model of Strategic Promotion
Creators: name: Richards, Timothy J.
name: Richards, Timothy J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Retailers use sales "price promotions" for a number of potential reasons. There is relatively little research, however, on their strategic role among frequently consumed perishable products. Using a two-stage, nested logit model of retail equilibrium, we show that promotion will be most effective (ie. increase store-level sales) if products are highly differentiated, but stores are relatively similar. To test this hypothesis, we an oligopolistic model of promotion rivalry with category-level scanner data from the four largest supermarket retailers in a major U.S. metropolitan market. The results show that promotion has a greater impact on store share than product share, because the elasticity of substitution among stores is larger than the elasticity of substitution among products. Consequently, promotion has its greatest value in driving demand for differentiated products among stores that are similar. This finding supports the observed trend toward premium private label products being offered by supermarket retailers.
Origins of Brown Dwarfs
Creators: name: Joergens, Viki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of objects below or close to the hydrogen burning limit is currently vividly discussed and is one of the main open issues in the field of the origins of stars and planets. Applying various observational techniques, we explored a sample of brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars in the ChaI star forming cloud at an age of only a few million years and determined fundamental parameters for their formation and early evolution. Tracking the question of how frequent are brown dwarf binaries and if brown dwarfs have planets, one of the first radial velocity (RV) surveys of brown dwarfs sensitive down to planetary masses is carried out based on high-resolution spectra taken with UVES at the VLT. The results hint at a low multiplicity fraction, which is in contrast to the situation for young low-mass stars. Testing recent formation scenarios, which propose an ejection out of the birth place in the early accretion phase, we carried out a precise kinematic analysis of the brown dwarfs in our sample in comparison with T Tauri stars in the same field. This yielded the first empirical upper limit for possible ejection velocities of a homogeneous group of brown dwarfs. Rotation is a fundamental parameter for objects in this early evolutionary phase. By means of studying the line broadening of spectral features in the UVES spectra as well as by tracing rotational modulation of their lightcurves due to surface spots in photometric monitoring data, one of the first rotation rates of very young brown dwarfs have been determined. In the light of the presented observational results, the current scenarios for the formation of brown dwarfs are discussed.
description: Proceeding of invited highlight talk at the Annual Scientific Meeting of the Astronomische Gesellschaft, Prag, Sept. 2004, to appear in 'Reviews in Modern Astronomy', Vol. 18; 25 pages, 8 figures
Revisiting the relation between nonthermal line widths and transverse MHD wave amplitudes
Creators: name: Pant, Vaibhav
name: Van Doorsselaere, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations and 3D MHD simulations of the transverse MHD waves in the solar corona have established that true wave energies hide in the nonthermal line widths of the optically thin emission lines. This displays the need for a relation between the nonthermal line widths and transverse wave amplitudes for estimating the true wave energies. In the past decade, several studies have assumed that the root mean square (rms) wave amplitudes are larger than nonthermal line widths by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$. However, a few studies have ignored this factor while estimating rms wave amplitudes. Thus there appears to exist a discrepancy in this relation. In this study, we investigate the dependence of nonthermal line widths on wave amplitudes by constructing a simple mathematical model followed by 3D MHD simulations. We derive this relation for the linearly polarised, circularly polarised oscillations, and oscillations excited by multiple velocity drivers. We note a fairly good match between mathematical models and numerical simulations. We conclude that the rms wave amplitudes are never greater than the nonthermal line widths which raises questions about earlier studies claiming transverse waves carry enough energy to heat the solar corona.
description: 17 pages and 5 figures. Accepted for the publication in The Astrophysical Journal. (Few typos are corrected in this version)
Bias and Scale Effects of Direct Government Payments
Creators: name: Boys, Kathryn A.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
name: Boys, Kathryn A.
name: Foster, Kenneth A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Public Economics

description: While input factor use may be neutral, biases in which there is an adjustment in the relative returns/use of various factors of production is of particular interest due to its ability to reallocate income between owners of factors of production. Through the use of a translog cost function, the impact of aggregate direct government payments upon agricultural input use in the US is considered between 1948-1994. Results from this analysis suggest that there is aggregate bias in factor use in agriculture between 1948 and 1994. Furthermore, these results indicate that a portion of the observed technological bias may be accounted for by direct payments, and that this bias varies across inputs. The results of this research will be of interest to policy makers, and agricultural practitioners. Incorporating the potential impact of bias from direct payments into policy dialogue will permit an improved consideration of the impact of direct payments upon the agricultural sector. Further, improved awareness and understanding of direct payments upon production scale and input decisions would permit better forward planning by both agricultural producers and those industries which supply the agricultural sector.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 08/16/05.
Missed opportunities and missing markets: Spatio-temporal arbitrage of rice in Madagascar
Creators: name: Moser, Christine M.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Minten, Bart
name: Moser, Christine M.
name: Barrett, Christopher B.
name: Minten, Bart
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper uses an exceptionally rich data set to test the extent to which markets in Madagascar are integrated across space, time, and form (in converting from paddy to rice) and to explain some of the factors that limit arbitrage and price equalization within a single country. In particular, we use rice price data across four quarters of 2000-2001 along with data on transportation costs and infrastructure availability for nearly 1400 communes in Madagascar to examine the extent of market integration at three different spatial scales sub-regional, regional, and national and determine whether non-integration is due to high transfer costs or lack of competition. The results indicate that markets are fairly well integrated at the sub-regional level and that factors such as high crime, remoteness, and lack of information are among the factors limiting competition. A lack of competition persists at the regional level and high transfer costs impede spatial market integration at the national level. Only six percent of rural communes appear to be intertemporally integrated and there appear to be significant untapped opportunities for interseasonal arbitrage. Income is directly and strongly related to the probability of a commune being in interseasonal competitive equilibrium.
Density distributions for trapped one-dimensional spinor gases
Creators: name: Hao, Yajiang
name: Zhang, Yunbo
name: Liang, J. Q.
name: Chen, Shu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically evaluate the density distribution of a spin-1 bosonic condensate in its ground state within a modifed Gross-Pitaevskii theory, which is obtained by the combination of the exact solution of the corresponding integrable model with the local density approximation. Our study reveals that atoms in the m_F = 0 state are almost completely suppressed for the anti-ferromagnetic interactions in both weakly and strongly interacting regimes, whereas all three components remain non-vanishing for ferromagnetic interactions. Specially, when the system is in the Tonks-Girardeau (TG) regime, obvious Fermi-like distribution emerges for each component. We also discuss the possible deviation of the spatial distribution from the Fermi-like distribution when the spin-spin interaction is strong enough.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, version to be published in Phys. Rev. A
Additional file 1 of Heart atlas for retrospective cardiac dosimetry: a multi-institutional study on interobserver contouring variations and their dosimetric impact
Creators: name: Stockinger, Marcus
name: Karle, Heiko
name: Rennau, Hannes
name: Sebb, Sabine
name: Wolf, Ulrich
name: Remmele, Julia
name: Bührdel, Sandra
name: Bartkowiak, Detlef
name: Blettner, Maria
name: Schmidberger, Heinz
name: Wollschläger, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Heart atlas. Detailed illustrated contouring instructions for all defined heart structures. Sample CT slice with contrast enhancement and visible anatomical structures as well as heart atlas structures.
On the seismic emission in sunspots associated with Lorentz force changes accompanying major solar flares
Creators: name: Kumar, Hirdesh
name: Kumar, Brajesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar flares are known to generate seismic waves in the Sun. We present a detailed analysis of seismic emission in sunspots accompanying M- and X-class solar flares. For this purpose, we have used high-resolution Dopplergrams and line-of-sight magnetograms at a cadence of 45 s, along with vector magnetograms at a cadence of 135 s obtained from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) instrument aboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) space mission. In order to identify the location of flare ribbons and hard X-ray foot-points, we have also used H-alpha chromospheric intensity observations obtained from Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) instruments and hard X-ray images in 12-25 KeV band from the Reuvan Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) spacecraft. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) technique is applied to construct the acoustic velocity power map in 2.5-4 mHz band for pre-flare, spanning flare, and post flare epochs for the identification of seismic emission locations in the sunspots. In the power maps, we have selected only those locations which are away from the flare ribbons and hard X-rays foot-points. These regions are believed to be free from any flare related artefacts in the observational data. We have identified concentrated locations of acoustic power enhancements in sunspots accompanying major flares. Our investigation provides evidence that abrupt changes in the magnetic fields and associated impulsive changes in the Lorentz force could be the driving source for these seismic emissions in the sunspots during solar flares.
description: 27 pages, 42 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Non-Relativistic Limit of Dirac Equations in Gravitational Field and Quantum Effects of Gravity
Creators: name: Wu, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on unified theory of electromagnetic interactions and gravitational interactions, the non-relativistic limit of the equation of motion of a charged Dirac particle in gravitational field is studied. From the Schrodinger equation obtained from this non-relativistic limit, we could see that the classical Newtonian gravitational potential appears as a part of the potential in the Schrodinger equation, which can explain the gravitational phase effects found in COW experiments. And because of this Newtonian gravitational potential, a quantum particle in earth's gravitational field may form a gravitationally bound quantized state, which had already been detected in experiments. Three different kinds of phase effects related to gravitational interactions are discussed in this paper, and these phase effects should be observable in some astrophysical processes. Besides, there exists direct coupling between gravitomagnetic field and quantum spin, radiation caused by this coupling can be used to directly determine the gravitomagnetic field on the surface of a star.
description: 12 pages, no figure
The Dynamics of Productivity Changes in Agricultural Sector of Transition Countries
Creators: name: Kim, Hanho
name: Lee, Sangjun
name: An, Donghwan
name: Kim, Hanho
name: Lee, Sangjun
name: An, Donghwan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: transition countries
subject: productivity
subject: directional distance function
subject: agricultural reform

description: Relying on frontier production approach (e.g., Luenberger's shortage function), we investigated the performance of agricultural sector in transition countries and its changes over time, especially focusing on the dynamics of productivity changes. We found that; (i) CEE countries have improved their performance during the sample period whereas CIS have not; (ii) productivity changes in the last decade was attributable to the technical progress; (iii) overall performance was decelerated for the second 5-year sub-period (1997-2001) in both regions; (iv) agricultural reform has positive effects on the productivity and its components especially in CEE countries.
Additional file 2 of N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide as a prognostic indicator for 30-day mortality following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Aarsetøy, Reidun
name: Omland, Torbjørn
name: Røsjø, Helge
name: Strand, Heidi
name: Lindner, Thomas
name: Aarsetøy, Hildegunn
name: Staines, Harry
name: Nilsen, Dennis W. T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Baseline characteristics and laboratory values of patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, arranged according to Quartiles of NT-proBNP. Data are presented as median (interquartile range) or numbers (%). a n = 110 (96%), b n = 111 (97%), c n = 112 (98%). Abbreviations: OHCA, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CRP, C- reactive protein; hs-cTnT, high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.
The Dependence of Galaxy Shape on Luminosity and Surface Brightness Profile
Creators: name: Vincent, R. Anthony
name: Ryden, Barbara S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For a sample of 96,951 galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 3, we study the distribution of apparent axis ratios as a function of r-band absolute magnitude and surface brightness profile type. We use the parameter fracDeV to quantify the profile type (fracDeV = 1 for a de Vaucouleurs profile; fracDeV = 0 for an exponential profile). When the apparent axis ratio q_{am} is estimated from the moments of the light distribution, the roundest galaxies are very bright (M_r \sim -23) de Vaucouleurs galaxies and the flattest are modestly bright (M_r \sim -18) exponential galaxies. When the apparent axis ratio q_{25} is estimated from the axis ratio of the 25 mag/arcsec^2 isophote, we find that de Vaucouleurs galaxies are flatter than exponential galaxies of the same absolute magnitude. For a given surface brightness profile type, very bright galaxies are rounder, on average, than fainter galaxies. We deconvolve the distributions of apparent axis ratios to find the distribution of the intrinsic short-to-long axis ratio gamma, assuming constant triaxiality T. For all profile types and luminosities, the distribution of apparent axis ratios is inconsistent with a population of oblate spheroids, but is usually consistent with a population of prolate spheroids. Bright galaxies with a de Vaucouleurs profile (M_r < -21.84, fracDeV > 0.9) have a distribution of q_{am} that is consistent with triaxiality in the range 0.4 < T < 0.8, with mean intrinsic axis ratio 0.66 < gamma < 0.69. The fainter de Vaucouleurs galaxies are best fit with prolate spheroids (T = 1) with mean axis ratio gamma = 0.51.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, to appear in ApJ
Extended quantum diffusion approach to reactions of astrophysical interests
Creators: name: Sargsyan, V. V.
name: Adamian, G. G.
name: Antonenko, N. V.
name: Lenske, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum diffusion approach is extended to low energy fusion (capture) reactions of light- and medium-mass nuclei. The dependence of the friction parameter on bombarding energy is taken into account. A simple analytic expression is obtained for the capture probability at extreme sub-barrier energies. The calculated cross-sections are in a good agreement with the experimental data. The fusion excitation functions calculated within the quantum diffusion and WKB approaches are compared and presented in the astrophysical $S$-factor representation.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures. published article
Additional file 1 of A pilot study of trained ICU doulas providing early psychological support to critically ill patients
Creators: name: Karnatovskaia, Lioudmila V.
name: Varga, Katalin
name: Niven, Alexander S.
name: Schulte, Phillip J.
name: Mujic, Midhat
name: Gajic, Ognjen
name: Bauer, Brent A.
name: Clark, Matthew M.
name: Benzo, Roberto P.
name: Philbrick, Kemuel L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Comparison of demographics and ICU characteristics between treatment and control patients among MICU.
A one-dimensional model for elasto-capillary necking
Creators: name: Lestringant, Claire
name: Audoly, Basile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a non-linear one-dimensional (1d) strain gradient model predicting the necking of soft elastic cylinders driven by surface tension, starting from 3d finite-strain elasticity. It is asymptotically correct: the microscopic displacement is identified by an energy method. The 1d model can predict the bifurcations occurring in the solutions of the 3d elasticity problem when the surface tension is increased, leading to a localization phenomenon akin to phase separation. Comparisons with finite-element simulations reveal that the 1d model resolves the interface separating two phases accurately, including well into the localized regime, and that it has a vastly larger domain of validity than 1d model proposed so far.
Cosmic Ray Spectrum from 250 TeV to 10 PeV using IceTop
Creators: name: IceCube Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here an extension of the measurement of the all-particle cosmic-ray spectrum with IceTop to lower energy. The new measurement gives full coverage of the knee region of the spectrum and reduces the gap in energy between previous IceTop and direct measurements. With a new trigger that selects events in closely spaced detectors in the center of the array, the IceTop energy threshold is lowered by almost an order of magnitude below its previous threshold of 2 PeV. In this paper, we explain how the new trigger is implemented, and we describe the new machine-learning method developed to deal with events with very few detectors hit. We compare the results with previous measurements by IceTop and others that overlap at higher energy and with HAWC and Tibet in the 100 TeV range.
description: 21 pages, 17 captioned figures, 8 tables
Spectacular Spitzer images of the Trifid Nebula: Protostars in a young, massive-star-forming region
Creators: name: Rho, J.
name: Reach, W. T.
name: Lefloch, B.
name: Fazio, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spitzer IRAC and MIPS images of the Trifid Nebula (M20) reveal its spectacular appearance in infrared light, highlighting the nebula's special evolutionary stage. The images feature recently-formed massive protostars and numerous young stellar objects, and a single O star that illuminates the surrounding molecular cloud from which it formed, and unveil large-scale, filamentary dark clouds. The hot dust grains show contrasting infrared colors in shells, arcs, bow-shocks and dark cores. Multiple protostars are detected in the infrared, within the cold dust cores of TC3 and TC4, which were previously defined as Class 0. The cold dust continuum cores of TC1 and TC2 contain only one protostar each. The Spitzer color-color diagram allowed us to identify ~160 young stellar objects and classify them into different evolutionary stages. The diagram also revealed a unique group of YSOs which are bright at 24 micron but have the spectral energy distribution peaking at 5-8 micron. Despite expectation that Class 0 sources would be "starless" cores, the Spitzer images, with unprecedented sensitivity, uncover mid-infrared emission from these Class 0 protostars. The mid-infrared detections of Class 0 protostars show that the emission escapes the dense, cold envelope of young protostars. The mid-infrared emission of the protostars can be fit by two temperatures of 150 and 400 K; the hot core region is probably optically thin in the mid-infrared regime, and the size of hot core is much smaller than that of the cold envelope. The presence of multiple protostars within the cold cores of Class 0 objects implies that clustering occurs at this early stage of star formation. The TC3 cluster shows that the most massive star is located at the center of the cluster and at the bottom of the gravitational-potential well.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Full resolution images are available at http://spider.ipac.caltech.edu/staff/rho/
Surface Structuring of Patterned 4H-SiC Surfaces Using a SiC/Si/SiC Sandwich Approach
Creators: name: Jousseaume, Yann
name: Kumar, Piyush
name: Bathen, Marianne Etzelmüller
name: Cauwet, François
name: Grossner, Ulrike
name: Ferro, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mesa- and trench-patterned surfaces of 4H-SiC(0001) 4{\textdegree}off wafers were structured in macrosteps using Si melting in a SiC-Si-SiC sandwich configuration. Si spreading difficulties were observed in the case of trench-patterned samples while the attempts on mesa-patterned ones were more successful. In the latter case, parallel macrosteps were formed on both the dry-etched and unetched areas though these macrosteps rarely cross the patterns edges. The proposed mechanism involved preferential etching at Si-C bilayer step edges and fast lateral propagation along the [1120] direction.
CREDIT ASSESSMENT AND RATIONING IN A FEDERAL LENDING FRAMEWORK
Creators: name: Brooks, Rodney L.
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Stegelin, Forrest E.
name: Brooks, Rodney L.
name: Escalante, Cesar L.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Stegelin, Forrest E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural Finance

description: Empirical evidence on the Farm Service Agency's credit evaluation and minority lending practices are presented using actual borrower data during aftermath of 1997 class action suit by Black farmers. Results indicate non-applicability of conventional credit assessment methods of private lenders, thus reinforcing FSA's role as lender of last resort.
A SYSTEM-WIDE APPROACH FOR ANALYZING THE EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON FRESH APPLE IMPORT DEMAND
Creators: name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Acharya, Ram N.
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This study examines the impact of changes in exchange rate and import market composition on fresh apple import demand using source differentiated import demand functions. We modify the standard Rotterdam model to incorporate exchange rate effects by revisiting Barten's fundamental matrix equation of consumer demand theory and viewing exchange rate as a "sticky" preference variable. The results show that the preference variable had a significant impact on UK but not on Malaysian and Saudi Arabian import demands.
Unambiguous pure state identification without classical knowledge
Creators: name: Hayashi, A.
name: Horibe, M.
name: Hashimoto, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how to unambiguously identify a given quantum pure state with one of the two reference pure states when no classical knowledge on the reference states is given but a certain number of copies of each reference quantum state are presented. By the unambiguous identification, we mean that we are not allowed to make a mistake but our measurement can produce an inconclusive result. Assuming the two reference states are independently distributed over the whole pure state space in a unitary invariant way, we determine the optimal mean success probability for an arbitrary number of copies of the reference states and a general dimension of the state space. It is explicitly shown that the obtained optimal mean success probability asymptotically approaches that of the unambiguous discrimination as the number of the copies of the reference states increases.
description: v3: 8 pages, minor corrections, journal version
Additional file 1 of Hyperthyroidism is associated with breast cancer risk and mammographic and genetic risk predictors
Creators: name: Yang, Haomin
name: Holowko, Natalie
name: Grassmann, Felix
name: Eriksson, Mikael
name: Hall, Per
name: Czene, Kamila
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Characteristics of women in the national and KARMA cohorts, by hyperthyroidism status. Table S2. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) used for constructing the polygenic risk score (PRS) for breast cancer. Table S3. The association between hyperthyroidism and major breast cancer risk predictors among the KARMA cohort, by type of hyperthyroidism (N = 67,518). Table S4. The association between hyperthyroidism and mammographic density among KARMA women without cancer, by type of hyperthyroidism (n = 51,928). Figure S1. Sample attrition for the analyses using the KARMA cohort
EFFICIENCY CHANGE AND PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN EAST ASIAN AGRICULTURE
Creators: name: Luh, Yir-Hueih
name: Chang, Ching-Cheng
name: Luh, Yir-Hueih
name: Chang, Ching-Cheng
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Development

description: This study focuses on identifying the sources of agricultural growth for eight East Asian economies - with special emphasis on international knowledge spillovers. The Malmquist productivity growth index and its two components are calculated and regressed on variables including domestic R&D and international spillovers to characterize the differential patterns of growth.