cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Residual ocean tide signal in GRACE(-FO) range-rate post-fit residuals
Creators: name: Koch, Igor
name: Duwe, Mathias
name: Flury, Jakob
Publisher: name: Hannover : Institutionelles Repositorium der Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: GRACE
subject: Residuals
subject: Ocean tides
subject: Degree-3 tides
subject: Spectral analysis
subject: Residuen
subject: Ozeangezeiten
subject: Grad-3 Gezeiten
subject: Spektrale Analyse
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Ocean tide model imperfections are one of the major uncertainty factors in gravity field recovery. Unmodeled signal can alias into level-2 gravity field products and be interpreted as real signal, e.g. as ice mass loss. An accurate understanding of the ocean tide model imperfections (on spectral and spatial level) is therefore not only important for current, but also for future gravity field missions. For this contribution, we analyzed 20+ years of GRACE(-FO) K-band range-rate post-fit residuals for residual ocean tide signal. The post-fit residuals are obtained as part of the gravity field estimation of monthly solutions. We low pass filter and differentiate range-rate post-fit residuals to obtain residual range-accelerations. Obtained residual range-accelerations are assigned to 5x5 degree grid cells and Lomb-Scargle periodograms for each cell are computed. An analysis of the periodograms reveals peaks at frequencies of ocean tide constituents. The peaks with the largest spectral amplitude can be found at frequencies of the major constituents (O1, M2, K1). In total around 30 constituents are detectable, among them also compound tides and degree-3 tides.
Calculation of the spectrum of the superheavy element Z=120
Creators: name: Dinh, T. H.
name: Dzuba, V. A.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Ginges, J. S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-precision calculations of the energy levels of the superheavy element Z=120 are presented. The relativistic Hartree-Fock and configuration interaction techniques are employed. The correlations between core and valence electrons are treated by means of the correlation potential method and many-body perturbation theory. Similar calculations for barium and radium are used to gauge the accuracy of the calculations and to improve the ab initio results.
description: 4 pages
Parameters Fixing Strategy for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Creators: name: Lee, Xinwei
name: Saito, Yoshiyuki
name: Cai, Dongsheng
name: Asai, Nobuyoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) has numerous promising applications in solving the combinatorial optimization problems on near-term Noisy Intermediate Scalable Quantum (NISQ) devices. QAOA has a quantum-classical hybrid structure. Its quantum part consists of a parameterized alternating operator ansatz, and its classical part comprises an optimization algorithm, which optimizes the parameters to maximize the expectation value of the problem Hamiltonian. This expectation value depends highly on the parameters, this implies that a set of good parameters leads to an accurate solution. However, at large circuit depth of QAOA, it is difficult to achieve global optimization due to the multiple occurrences of local minima or maxima. In this paper, we propose a parameters fixing strategy which gives high approximation ratio on average, even at large circuit depths, by initializing QAOA with the optimal parameters obtained from the previous depths. We test our strategy on the Max-cut problem of certain classes of graphs such as the 3-regular graphs and the Erdös-Rényi graphs.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, accepted in the IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing and Engineering
A narrative overview of potential mechanisms underpinning the relationship between heat and mental health
Creators: name: Massazza, Alessandro
name: Trust, The Wellcome
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2024

description: Climate change is leading to an increase in average global temperatures and to more frequent, intense, and long-lasting episodes of extreme heat. A growing evidence base is highlighting how exposure to anomalously high temperatures can have various detrimental impacts on mental health, from increased rates of psychiatric hospitalization to heightened mortality among people living with mental health problems. However, we do not yet fully understand what underpins this relationship. The current report provides a narrative overview of some of the possible mechanisms at the biological, psychological, and social level. The aim of the current document was to inform the development of a funding call by Wellcome on the mechanisms underpinning the relationship between heat and mental health, launched in October 2024.
1H NMR spectra and inversion recovery curves for each solvent and each solvent in hair from Molecular interaction and partitioning in α-keratin using 1H NMR spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times
Creators: name: Molisso, Susannah
name: Williams, Daryl R.
name: Ces, Oscar
name: Rowlands, Lucy J.
name: Marsh, Jennifer M.
name: Law, Robert V.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: 90301 Biomaterials
subject: FOS: Medical engineering

description: Static proton spectra for all solvents and solvents in hair, inversion recovery curves for all experiments with appropriate fits to one or two component exponentials.
Distinguishing two kinds of scalar mesons from heavy meson decays
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
name: Lü, Cai-Dian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the SU(3) symmetry limit, semileptonic $D^+\to Sl^+ν$ and $B^-\to Sl^-\barν$ decays, with $S=a_0(980)$, $f_0(980)$ and $f_0(600)$, are found to obey different sum rules in the $\bar qq$ and the tetra-quark descriptions for scalar mesons. Thus these sum rules can distinguish the two scenarios for light scalar mesons model-independently. This method also applies to the $\bar B^0\to J/ψ(η_c) S$ decays. Two kinds of SU(3) symmetry breaking effects are found to be under control, which will not spoil our method. The branching fractions of the $D^+\to Sl^+ν$, $B^-\to Sl^-\barν$ and $\bar B^0\to J/ψ(η_c) S$ decays roughly have the order $10^{-4}$, $10^{-5}$ and $10^{-6}$, respectively. The ongoing BES-III and the forthcoming Super B experiments are able to measure these channels and accordingly to provide detailed information of the scalar meson inner structure.
description: 9 pages, 3 eps figures, published version
Non-Hermitian Polynomial Hybrid Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Witzel, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a new variant of the hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm employing a polynomial approximation of the inverse of the non-Hermitian Dirac-Wilson operator. Our approximation relies on simple and stable recurrence relations of complex Chebyshev polynomials. First performance figures are presented.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, talk presented at the XXVI International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, July 14-19, 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia, USA
Eclipse timing variation analysis of OGLE-IV eclipsing binaries toward the Galactic Bulge. II. Short periodic triple stellar systems
Creators: name: Hajdu, Tamás
name: Borkovits, Tamás
name: Forgács-Dajka, Emese
name: Sztakovics, János
name: Bódi, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report an eclipse timing variations (ETV) study to identify close, stellar mass companions to the eclipsing binaries monitored during the photometric survey OGLE-IV. We also present an alternative automatic way to determine the first and last contacts of an eclipse. Applying the phase dispersion minimization method to identify potential triples, we find close third components with outer periods less than 1500 days in 23 systems. We present outer orbit solution for 21 of 23 systems. For the ten, tightest triples we find that the ETV can only be modeled with the combination of the light-travel time effect (LTTE) and third-body perturbations, while in case of another 11 systems, pure LTTE solutions are found to be satisfactory. In the remaining two systems we identify extra eclipses connected to the outer component, but for the incomplete and noisy ETV curves, we are unable to find realistic three-body solutions. Therefore, in these cases we give only the outer period.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, and 6-page appendix. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
The IceCube-Gen2 Neutrino Observatory
Creators: name: Clark, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The IceCube Neutrino Observatory opened the window on neutrino astronomy by discovering high-energy astrophysical neutrinos in 2013 and identifying the first compelling astrophysical neutrino source, the blazar TXS0506+056, in 2017. In this talk, we will discuss the science reach and ongoing development of the IceCube-Gen2 facility---a planned extension to IceCube. IceCube-Gen2 will increase the rate of observed cosmic neutrinos by an order of magnitude, be able to detect five-times fainter neutrino sources, and extend the measurement of astrophysical neutrinos several orders of magnitude higher in energy. We will discuss the envisioned design of the instrument, which will include an enlarged in-ice optical array, a surface array for the study of cosmic-rays, and a shallow radio array to detect ultra-high energy (>100 PeV) neutrinos. we will also highlight ongoing efforts to develop and test new instrumentation for IceCube-Gen2.
description: Presented at the 9th Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescope Workshop (VLVnT-2021). 8 pages, 3 figures
A Multi-Chamber System for Analyzing the Outgassing, Deposition, and Associated Optical Degradation Properties of Materials in a Vacuum
Creators: name: Singal, J.
name: Schindler, R.
name: Chang, C.
name: Czodrowski, P.
name: Kim, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the Camera Materials Test Chamber, a multi-vessel apparatus which analyzes the outgassing consequences of candidate materials for use in the vacuum cryostat of a new telescope camera. The system measures the outgassing products and rates of samples of materials at different temperatures, and collects films of outgassing products to measure the effects on light transmission in six optical bands. The design of the apparatus minimizes potential measurement errors introduced by background contamination.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures, published in RSI (minor edits made to match journal accepted version)
Rack-and-pinion effects in molecular rolling friction
Creators: name: Braun, Oleg M.
name: Tosatti, Erio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rolling lubrication with spherical molecules working as 'nanobearings' has failed experimentally so far, without a full understanding of the physics involved and of the reasons why. Past model simulations and common sense have shown that molecules can only roll when they are not too closely packed to jam. The same type of model simulations now shows in addition that molecular rolling friction can develop deep minima once the molecule's peripheral 'pitch' can match the substrate periodicity, much as ordinary cogwheels do in a rack-and-pinion system. When the pinion-rack matching is bad, the driven molecular rolling becomes discontinuous and noisy, whence energy is dissipated and friction is large. This suggests experiments to be conducted by varying the rack-and-pinion matching. That could be pursued not only by changing molecules and substrates, but also by applying different sliding directions within the same system, or by applying pressure, to change the effective matching.
description: 5 figures
Magnetization Relaxation and Collective Vortex Pinning in the Fe-Based Superconductor SmFeAsO_0.9F_0.1
Creators: name: Yang, Huan
name: Ren, Cong
name: Shan, Lei
name: Wen, Hai-Hu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By measuring the dynamic and traditional magnetization relaxations we investigate the vortex dynamics of the newly discovered superconductor SmFeAsO_0.9F_0.1 with Tc = 55K. It is found that the relaxation rate is rather large reflecting a small characteristic pinning energy. Moreover it shows a weak temperature dependence in wide temperature region, which resembles the behavior of the cuprate superconductors. Combining with the resistive data under different magnetic fields, a vortex phase diagram is obtained. Our results strongly suggest that the model of collective vortex pinning applies to this new superconductor very well.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Detection of IMBHs with ground-based gravitational wave observatories: A biography of a binary of black holes, from birth to death
Creators: name: Amaro-Seoane, Pau
name: Santamaria, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even though the existence of intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs, black holes with masses ranging between $10^{2-4}\,M_{\odot}$) has not yet been corroborated observationally, these objects are of high interest for astrophysics. Our understanding of the formation and evolution of supermassive black holes (SMBHs), as well as galaxy evolution modeling and cosmography would dramatically change if an IMBH were to be observed. From a point of view of traditional photon-based astronomy, {which relies on the monitoring of innermost stellar kinematics}, the {\em direct} detection of an IMBH seems to be rather far in the future. However, the prospect of the detection and characterization of an IMBH has good chances in lower-frequency gravitational-wave (GW) astrophysics using ground-based detectors such as LIGO, Virgo and the future Einstein Telescope (ET). We present an analysis of the signal of a system of a binary of IMBHs (BBH from now onwards) based on a waveform model obtained with numerical relativity simulations coupled with post-Newtonian calculations at the highest available order. IMBH binaries with total masses between $200-20000\,M_\odot$ would produce significant signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in advanced LIGO and Virgo and the ET. We have computed the expected event rate of IMBH binary coalescences for different configurations of the binary, finding interesting values that depend on the spin of the IMBHs. The prospects for IMBH detection and characterization with ground-based GW observatories would not only provide us with a robust test of general relativity, but would also corroborate the existence of these systems. Such detections should allow astrophysicists to probe the stellar environments of IMBHs and their formation processes.
description: 30 pp. Accepted for publication ApJ. Event rates calculated from scratch
Whistler waves observed by Solar Orbiter / RPW between 0.5 AU and 1 AU
Creators: name: Kretzschmar, M.
name: Chust, T.
name: Krasnoselskikh, V.
name: Graham, D.
name: Colomban, L.
name: Maksimovic, M.
name: Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.
name: Soucek, J.
name: Steinvall, K.
name: Santolik, O.
name: Jannet, G.
name: Brochot, J. Y.
name: Contel, O. Le
name: Vecchio, A.
name: Bonnin, X.
name: Bale, S. D.
name: Froment, C.
name: Larosa, A.
name: Bergerard-Timofeeva, M.
name: Fergeau, P.
name: Lorfevre, E.
name: Plettemeier, D.
name: Steller, M.
name: Stverak, S.
name: Travnicek, P.
name: Vaivads, A.
name: Horbury, T. S.
name: OBrien, H.
name: Evans, V.
name: Angelini, V.
name: Owen, C.
name: Louarn, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The goal of our study is to detect and characterize the electromagnetic waves that can modify the electron distribution functions, with a special attention to whistler waves. We analyse in details the electric and magnetic field fluctuations observed by the Solar Orbiter spacecraft during its first orbit around the Sun between 0.5 and 1 AU. Using data of the Search Coil Magnetometer and electric antenna, both parts of the Radio and Plasma Waves (RPW) instrumental suite, we detect the electromagnetic waves with frequencies above 3 Hz and determine the statistical distribution of their amplitudes, frequencies, polarization and k-vector as a function of distance. We also discuss relevant instrumental issues regarding the phase between the electric and magnetic measurements and the effective length of the electric antenna. An overwhelming majority of the observed waves are right hand circularly polarized in the solar wind frame and identified as outward propagating and quasi parallel whistler waves. Their occurrence rate increases by a least a factor two from 1 AU to 0.5 AU. These results are consistent with the regulation of the heat flux by the whistler heat flux instability. Near 0.5 AU, whistler waves are found to be more field-aligned and to have smaller normalized frequency ($f/f_{ce}$), larger amplitude, and larger bandwidth than at 1 AU.
description: accepted in A&A
Hybrid Quantum-Classical Monte-Carlo Study of a Molecule-Based Magnet
Creators: name: Henelius, P.
name: Fishman, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a Monte Carlo (MC) method, we study an effective model for the Fe(II)Fe(III) bimetallic oxalates. Within a hybrid quantum-classical MC algorithm, the Heisenberg S=2 and $S'=5/2$ spins on the Fe(II) and Fe(III) sites are updated using a quantum MC loop while the Ising-like orbital angular momenta on the Fe(II) sites are updated using a single-spin classical MC flip. The effective field acting on the orbital angular momenta depends on the quantum state of the system. We find that the mean-field phase diagram for the model is surprisingly robust with respect to fluctuations. In particular, the region displaying two compensation points shifts and shrinks but remains finite.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Holographic Cosmological Models on the Braneworld
Creators: name: Lepe, Samuel
name: Pena, Francisco
name: Saavedra, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we have studied a closed universe which a holographic energy on the brane whose energy density is described by $ρ(H) =3c^{2}H^{2}$ and we obtain an equation for the Hubble parameter, this equation gave us different physical behavior depending if $c^2>1$ or $c^2<1$ against of the sign of the brane tension.
Comultiplication in link Floer homology and transversely non-simple links
Creators: name: Baldwin, John A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a word w in the braid group on n-strands, we denote by T_w the corresponding transverse braid in the rotational symmetric tight contact structure on S^3. We exhibit a map on link Floer homology which sends the transverse invariant associated to T_{ws_i} to that associated to T_w, where s_i is one of the standard generators of B_n. This gives rise to a "comultiplication" map on link Floer homology. We use this to generate infinitely many new examples of prime topological link types which are not transversely simple.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Generalized parity measurements
Creators: name: Ionicioiu, Radu
name: Popescu, Anca E.
name: Munro, William J.
name: Spiller, Timothy P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements play an important role in quantum computing (QC), by either providing the nonlinearity required for two-qubit gates (linear optics QC), or by implementing a quantum algorithm using single-qubit measurements on a highly entangled initial state (cluster state QC). Parity measurements can be used as building blocks for preparing arbitrary stabilizer states, and, together with 1-qubit gates are universal for quantum computing. Here we generalize parity gates by using a higher dimensional (qudit) ancilla. This enables us to go beyond the stabilizer/graph state formalism and prepare other types of multi-particle entangled states. The generalized parity module introduced here can prepare in one-shot, heralded by the outcome of the ancilla, a large class of entangled states, including GHZ_n, W_n, Dicke states D_{n,k}, and, more generally, certain sums of Dicke states, like G_n states used in secret sharing. For W_n states it provides an exponential gain compared to linear optics based methods.
description: 7 pages, 1 fig; updated to the published version
Attempted Suicide intervention treatment and prevention: a randomised controlled trial
Creators: name: Motger-Albertí, Anna
name: Beneria, Anna
name: Quesada-Franco, Marta
name: Braquehais, MªDolores
name: Bruguera, Pol
name: Pintor, Luis
Publisher: name: Psicosomàtica y Psiquiatría
Year: 2023

description: Psicosomàtica y Psiquiatría, Núm. 27 (2023): octubre-noviembre-diciembre
Holographic beam shaping of partially coherent light
Creators: name: Barré, Nicolas
name: Jesacher, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an algorithm for holographic shaping of partially coherent light, bridging the gap between traditional coherent and geometric optical approaches. The description of partially coherent light relies on a mode expansion formalism, with possibly thousands of individual modes, and the inverse-design optimization algorithm is based on gradient descent with the help of algorithmic differentiation. We demonstrate numerically and experimentally that an optical system consisting of two phase patterns can potentially achieve any intensity profile transformation with good accuracy.
The effect of oral and intravenous feeding on the plasma amino acid levels of premature infants
Creators: name: Lerner, Sarah Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The object of this study was to assess the adequacy of the protein solution given to premature infants receiving intravenous nutrition. Plasma aminograms from premature infants fed orally were determined and compared with aminograms from premature infants maintained on intravenous nutrition. The kilocalorie:nitrogen ratio, coupled with growth parameters, such as weight gain, body length, and head circumference were further used to evaluate nutritional adequacy. Standardized plasma aminograms were obtained using capillary blood samples from a control group of 16 infants (gestational age 31-36 weeks, mean 33½ weeks), fed SMA₂₀ (a commercial infant formula). Blood samples were taken between the 7th-l6th day after birth, 1-2 hours after the first feed of the day. The study group was comprised of 11 infants between 24-30 weeks gestation (mean 28 weeks), fed intravenously, using a synthetic crystalline L-amino acid mixture (Vamin), running continuously. Blood samples from the study group were also taken between the 7th-16th day of life at the same time of the morning as the control group. Results showed that plasma samples from the study group had lower levels of threonine, asparagine, glutamic acid, lysine, citrulline, alanine, cystine, methionine, leucine, ornithine, and arginine than the control group. Plasma phenylalanine levels were 2-3 times higher in the study group than in the control group. Plasma urea levels were lower in the intravenously fed group than in the orally fed group. It is likely that both the low plasma urea and low plasma amino acid levels indicate efficient use of the intravenously infused amino acids by infants in the study group. It is most probable that the infused amino acids are being used for protein synthesis rather than for energy purposes. Efficient use of infused amino acids is further suggested by the actual growth in length, head circumference and weight gain noted in the intravenously fed infants. Further studies are needed to explain the higher plasma levels of phenylalanine seen in infants intravenously infused with Vamin. Relatively low plasma levels of methionine and tyrosine in the intravenously fed infants seem to indicate that an increase in total protein intake may be beneficial. The total amount of phenylalanine in Vamin, in addition to relationship to the other amino acids also needs further study.
Fermionic Casimir effect in de Sitter spacetime
Creators: name: Saharian, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir densities are investigated for a massive spinor field in de Sitter spacetime with an arbitrary number of toroidally compactified spatial dimensions. The vacuum expectation value of the energy-momentum tensor is presented in the form of the sum of corresponding quantity in the uncompactified de Sitter spacetime and the part induced by the non-trivial topology. The latter is finite and the renormalization is needed for the first part only. The asymptotic behavior of the topological term is investigated in the early and late stages of the cosmological expansion. When the comoving lengths of the compactified dimensions are much smaller than the de Sitter curvature radius, to the leading order the topological part coincides with the corresponding quantity for a massless fermionic field and is conformally related to the corresponding flat spacetime result with the same topology. In this limit the topological term dominates the uncompactified de Sitter part and the back-reaction effects should be taken into account. In the opposite limit, for a massive field the asymptotic behavior of the topological part is damping oscillatory.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, talk presented at the International Workshop "60 Years of Casimir Effect", 23 - 27 June, 2008, Brasilia
Weak lensing power spectra for precision cosmology: Multiple-deflection, reduced shear and lensing bias corrections
Creators: name: Krause, Elisabeth
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is usually assumed that the ellipticity power spectrum measured in weak lensing observations can be expressed as an integral over the underlying matter power spectrum. This is true at second order in the gravitational potential. We extend the standard calculation, constructing all corrections to fourth order in the gravitational potential. There are four types of corrections: corrections to the lensing shear due to multiple-deflections; corrections due to the fact that shape distortions probe the reduced shear $γ/(1-κ)$ rather than the shear itself; corrections associated with the non-linear conversion of reduced shear to mean ellipticity; and corrections due to the fact that observational galaxy selection and shear measurement is based on galaxy brightnesses and sizes which have been (de)magnified by lensing. We show how the previously considered corrections to the shear power spectrum correspond to terms in our analysis, and highlight new terms that were not previously identified. All correction terms are given explicitly as integrals over the matter power spectrum, bispectrum, and trispectrum, and are numerically evaluated for the case of sources at z=1. We find agreement with previous works for the ${\mathcal O}(Φ^3)$ terms. We find that for ambitious future surveys, the ${\mathcal O}(Φ^4)$ terms affect the power spectrum at the ~ 1-5 $σ$ level; they will thus need to be accounted for, but are unlikely to represent a serious difficulty for weak lensing as a cosmological probe.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures; matches A & A accepted version
Additional file 2 of Indoor bacterial, fungal and viral species and functional genes in urban and rural schools in Shanxi Province, China–association with asthma, rhinitis and rhinoconjunctivitis in high school students
Creators: name: Fu, Xi
name: Ou, Zheyuan
name: Zhang, Mei
name: Meng, Yi
name: Li, Yanling
name: Wen, Jikai
name: Hu, Qiansheng
name: Zhang, Xin
name: Norbäck, Dan
name: Deng, Yiqun
name: Zhao, Zhuohui
name: Sun, Yu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Locations of schools sampled in this study.
Shear viscosity at finite baryon densities
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Emma
name: Rose, Jacob
name: Dore, Travis
name: Parotto, Paolo
name: Ratti, Claudia
name: Noronha-Hostler, Jacquelyn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the excluded volume Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model with the most up-to-date hadron list to calculate $ηT/w$ at low temperatures and at finite baryon densities $ρ_B$. This $ηT/w$ is then matched to a QCD-based shear viscosity calculation of the QGP for different profiles of $ηT/w$ across {T,$μ_{B}$} including cross-over and critical point transitions. When compared to ideal hydrodynamic trajectories across {T,$μ_{B}$}, we find that the $ηT/w(T,μ_B)$ profiles would require initial conditions at much larger baryon density to reach the same freeze-out point.
Bifunctor cohomology and Cohomological finite generation for reductive groups
Creators: name: Touzé, Antoine
name: van der Kallen, Wilberd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G10

description: Let G be a reductive linear algebraic group over a field k. Let A be a finitely generated commutative k-algebra on which G acts rationally by k-algebra automorphisms. Invariant theory tells that the ring of invariants A^G=H^0(G,A) is finitely generated. We show that in fact the full cohomology ring H^*(G,A) is finitely generated. The proof is based on the strict polynomial bifunctor cohomology classes constructed by the junior author. We also continue the study of bifunctor cohomology of the divided powers of a Frobenius twist of the adjoint representation.
description: 30 pages. v2. Part I reorganized and shortened, presentation of some proofs improved. To appear in Duke Math. J
Universal Structure and Universal PDE for Unitary Ensembles
Creators: name: Rumanov, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An attempt is made to describe random matrix ensembles with unitary invariance of measure (UE) in a unified way, using a combination of Tracy-Widom (TW) and Adler-Shiota-Van Moerbeke (ASvM) approaches to derivation of partial differential equations (PDE) for spectral gap probabilities. First, general 3-term recurrence relations for UE restricted to subsets of real line, or, in other words, for functions in the resolvent kernel, are obtained. Using them, simple universal relations between all TW dependent variables and one-dimensional Toda lattice $τ$-functions are found. A universal system of PDE for UE is derived from previous relations, which leads also to a {\it single independent PDE} for spectral gap probability of various UE. Thus, orthogonal function bases and Toda lattice are seen at the core of correspondence of different approaches. Moreover, Toda-AKNS system provides a common structure of PDE for unitary ensembles. Interestingly, this structure can be seen in two very different forms: one arises from orthogonal functions-Toda lattice considerations, while the other comes from Schlesinger equations for isomonodromic deformations and their relation with TW equations. The simple example of Gaussian matrices most neatly exposes this structure.
description: 30 pages
Molecular rolling friction: the cogwheel model
Creators: name: Braun, O. M.
name: Tosatti, Erio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the help of a two-dimensional model we study rolling lubrication by circular (2D fullerenes) molecules for a wide range of parameters. The conditions under which microscopic rolling friction may be effective are identified and related to the relative ingraining between substrate and molecule, the latter behaving as a nanosized cogwheel.
description: 12 figures
Supersequences, rearrangements of sequences, and the spectrum of bases in additive number theory
Creators: name: Nathanson, Melvyn B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B05, 11B13, 11B75, 11J25, 11N37, 26D15

description: The set A = {a_n} of nonnegative integers is an asymptotic basis of order h if every sufficiently large integer can be represented as the sum of h elements of A. If a_n ~ alpha n^h for some real number alpha > 0, then alpha is called an additive eigenvalue of order h. The additive spectrum of order h is the set N(h) consisting of all additive eigenvalues of order h. It is proved that there is a positive number eta_h <= 1/h! such that N(h) = (0, eta_h) or N(h) = (0, eta_h]. The proof uses results about the construction of supersequences of sequences with prescribed asymptotic growth, and also about the asymptotics of rearrangements of infinite sequences. For example, it is proved that there does not exist a strictly increasing sequence of integers B = {b_n} such that b_n ~ 2^n and B contains a subsequence {b_{n_k}} such that b_{n_k} ~ 3^k.
description: 12 pages; minor revisions
The embedding dimension of weighted homogeneous surface singularities
Creators: name: Némethi, András
name: Okuma, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14B05, 32S25, 14J17

description: We analyze the embedding dimension of a normal weighted homogeneous surface singularity, and more generally, the Poincaré series of the minimal set of generators of the graded algebra of regular functions, provided that the link of the germs is a rational homology sphere. In the case of several sub-families we provide explicit formulas in terms of the Seifert invariants (generalizing results of Wagreich and VanDyke), and we also provide key examples showing that, in general, these invariants are not topological. We extend the discussion to the case of splice--quotient singularities with star--shaped graph as well.
description: 25 pages, Revised version, to appear in Journal of Topology
RNA matrix models with external interactions and their asymptotic behaviour
Creators: name: Garg, I.
name: Deo, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study a matrix model of RNA in which an external perturbation acts on n nucleotides of the polymer chain. The effect of the perturbation appears in the exponential generating function of the partition function as a factor $(1-\frac{nα}{L})$ [where $α$ is the ratio of strengths of the original to the perturbed term and L is length of the chain]. The asymptotic behaviour of the genus distribution functions for the extended matrix model are analyzed numerically when (i) $n=L$ and (ii) $n=1$. In these matrix models of RNA, as $nα/L$ is increased from 0 to 1, it is found that the universality of the number of diagrams $a_{L, g}$ at a fixed length L and genus g changes from $3^{L}$ to $(3-\frac{nα}{L})^{L}$ ($2^{L}$ when $nα/L=1$) and the asymptotic expression of the total number of diagrams $\cal N$ at a fixed length L but independent of genus g, changes in the factor $\exp^{\sqrt{L}}$ to $\exp^{(1-\frac{nα}{L})\sqrt{L}}$ ($exp^{0}=1$ when $nα/L=1$)
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Revisiting Zitterbewegung
Creators: name: Sidharth, Burra G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Dirac wave equation for the electron soon lead to the recognition of the Zitterbewegung. This was studied both by Schrodinger and Dirac. Later there were further elegant and sometimes dissenting insights, from different authors. We briefly review some of these developments. However in more recent times with dark energy and noncommutative spacetime coming to centre stage, the earlier studies of Zitterbewegung become questionable.
description: 14 pages; latex
Meaningful Misclassifications in Automatic Sound Classification
Creators: name: Chiruthapudi, Suhit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Automatic sound classification systems are increasingly relevant across various fields, from environmental monitoring to creative sound design. While most classificationtasks rely on a single ground truth category, this thesis explores the potential value of misclassifications in automatic sound classification, particularly from a sound designperspective. The research investigates whether these misclassifications, often dismissed as errors, could be considered meaningful when they acoustically resemble other categories. By analyzing sound classification performance using different feature extraction models and classifiers within the framework of the Universal Category System (UCS), this study demonstrates that combining semantic and acoustic features leads to improved classification accuracy. The experiments reveal that certain misclassifications might be valuable, suggesting that a flexible, multi-label approach to sound categorization could enhance the utility of sound libraries in creative applications. The findings highlight the importance of considering misclassifications as part of a more nuanced and context-sensitive classification process, offering new possibilities for the future development of automatic sound classification systems.
Additional file 2 of Do halophytes and glycophytes differ in their interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under salt stress? A meta-analysis
Creators: name: Pan, Jing
name: Peng, Fei
name: Tedeschi, Anna
name: Xue, Xian
name: Wang, Tao
name: Liao, Jie
name: Zhang, Wenjuan
name: Huang, Cuihua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Detailed information of publications, plant salt tolerance classification and plant species in this meta-analysis.
title: Zum Verhältnis von nicht-formaler Argumentationstheorie und Philosophieunterricht
Creators: name: Abel, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2021

description: Der Beitrag geht der Rolle des Argumentierens im Philosophie- und Ethikunterricht nach. Er deckt das wissenschaftlich-technische Paradigma gegenwärtiger nicht-formaler Argumentationstheorie auf und fordert die Einbettung des Argumentierens in einen bildungstheoretischen Kontext.
Feature Selection for Recommender Systems with Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Nembrini, Riccardo
name: Dacrema, Maurizio Ferrari
name: Cremonesi, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The promise of quantum computing to open new unexplored possibilities in several scientific fields has been long discussed, but until recently the lack of a functional quantum computer has confined this discussion mostly to theoretical algorithmic papers. It was only in the last few years that small but functional quantum computers have become available to the broader research community. One paradigm in particular, quantum annealing, can be used to sample optimal solutions for a number of NP-hard optimization problems represented with classical operations research tools, providing an easy access to the potential of this emerging technology. One of the tasks that most naturally fits in this mathematical formulation is feature selection. In this paper, we investigate how to design a hybrid feature selection algorithm for recommender systems that leverages the domain knowledge and behavior hidden in the user interactions data. We represent the feature selection as an optimization problem and solve it on a real quantum computer, provided by D-Wave. The results indicate that the proposed approach is effective in selecting a limited set of important features and that quantum computers are becoming powerful enough to enter the wider realm of applied science.
Engineering Perturbative String Duals for Symmetric Product Orbifold CFTs
Creators: name: Schomerus, Volker
name: Hikida, Yasuaki
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: string model, boson
field theory, conformal
duality, string
string model, duality
dimension, 2
flow, spectral
correlation function
orbifold
holography
current algebra
path integral
AdS/CFT correspondence
anti-de Sitter
flux
engineering
perturbation
supersymmetry

description: Constructing a holographic string theory dual for a CFT in the perturbative, weakly coupled regime is a holy grail for gauge/string dualities that would not only open the door for proofs of the AdS/CFT correspondence but could also provide novel examples of string duals with and without supersymmetry. In this work we consider some marginal perturbation of symmetric product orbifolds in two dimensions. From their correlation functions we engineer a bosonic string theory whose amplitudes are shown to reproduce the CFT correlation function order-by-order both in the coupling and in 1/N. Our proof does not require to compute and compare correlation functions explicitly but rather relies on a sequence of identities that can be derived using path integral methods. The bosonic string theory we engineer is based on the field content of the Kac-Wakimoto representation of strings in AdS3 with k units of pure NSNS flux, but the interaction terms we obtain are different. They include a novel type of current algebra preserving interaction term with one unit of spectral flow.
Correcting errors in a quantum gate with pushed ions via optimal control
Creators: name: Poulsen, U. V.
name: Sklarz, S.
name: Tannor, D.
name: Calarco, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze in detail the so-called "pushing gate" for trapped ions, introducing a time dependent harmonic approximation for the external motion. We show how to extract the average fidelity for the gate from the resulting semi-classical simulations. We characterize and quantify precisely all types of errors coming from the quantum dynamics and reveal for the first time that slight nonlinearities in the ion-pushing force can have a dramatic effect on the adiabaticity of gate operation. By means of quantum optimal control techniques, we show how to suppress each of the resulting gate errors in order to reach a high fidelity compatible with scalable fault-tolerant quantum computing.
description: Published i PRA
Increase of barium ion-trap lifetime via photodissociation
Creators: name: Wu, Hao
name: Mills, Michael
name: West, Elizabeth
name: Heaven, Michael C.
name: Hudson, Eric R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The lifetime of Ba$^+$ ions confined in a Paul trap is found, under typical conditions, to be limited by chemical reactions with residual background gas. An integrated ion trap and time-of-flight mass spectrometer are used to analyze the reactions of the trapped Ba$^+$ ions with three common gases in an ultrahigh vacuum system (H$_2$, CO$_2$ and H$_2$O). It is found that the products of these reactions can all be photodissociated by a single ultraviolet laser at 225~nm, thereby allowing the recovery of the Ba$^+$ ions and leading to an increase of the effective trap lifetime. For a Coulomb crystal, the lifetime increased from roughly 6~hours to 2~days at room temperature. It is suggested that higher enhancement factors are possible in systems with stronger traps. In addition, photodissociation wavelengths for other common trapped ion systems are provided.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Proton radiation hardness of X-ray SOI pixel sensors with pinned depleted diode structure
Creators: name: Hayashida, Mitsuki
name: Hagino, Kouichi
name: Kohmura, Takayoshi
name: Kitajima, Masatoshi
name: Yarita, Keigo
name: Oono, Kenji
name: Negishi, Kousuke
name: Tsuru, Takeshi G.
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Kayama, Kazuho
name: Kodama, Ryota
name: Mori, Koji
name: Takeda, Ayaki
name: Nishioka, Yusuke
name: Hida, Takahiro
name: Yukumoto, Masataka
name: Arai, Yasuo
name: Kurachi, Ikuo
name: Kitamura, Hisashi
name: Kawahito, Shoji
name: Yasutomi, Keita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray SOI pixel sensors, "XRPIX", are being developed for the next-generation X-ray astronomical satellite, "FORCE". The XRPIX are fabricated with the SOI technology, which makes it possible to integrate a high-resistivity Si sensor and a low-resistivity Si CMOS circuit. The CMOS circuit in each pixel is equipped with a trigger function, allowing us to read out outputs only from the pixels with X-ray signals at the timing of X-ray detection. This function thus realizes high throughput and high time resolution, which enables to employ anti-coincidence technique for background rejection. A new series of XRPIX named XRPIX6E developed with a pinned depleted diode (PDD) structure improves spectral performance by suppressing the interference between the sensor and circuit layers. When semiconductor X-ray sensors are used in space, their spectral performance is generally degraded owing to the radiation damage caused by high-energy protons. Therefore, before using an XRPIX in space, it is necessary to evaluate the extent of degradation of its spectral performance by radiation damage. Thus, we performed a proton irradiation experiment for XRPIX6E for the first time at HIMAC in the NIRS. We irradiated XRPIX6E with high-energy protons with a total dose of up to 40 krad, equivalent to 400 years of irradiation in orbit. The 40-krad irradiation degraded the energy resolution of XRPIX6E by 25 $\pm$ 3%, yielding an energy resolution of 260.1 $\pm$ 5.6 eV at the full width half maximum for 5.9 keV X-rays. However, the value satisfies the requirement for FORCE, 300 eV at 6 keV, even after the irradiation. It was also found that the PDD XRPIX has enhanced radiation hardness compared to previous XRPIX devices. In addition, we investigated the degradation of the energy resolution; it was shown that the degradation would be due to increasing energy-independent components, e.g., readout noise.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in JATIS