cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Quality Signals in Participative Financing – How Crowdfunding Supports Economically Viable and Sustainable Ventures
Creators: name: Siebeneicher, Sven
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2023

description: Participative financing, in terms of crowdfunding and crowdinvesting, has the potential to contribute to the sustainable development of society. The effectiveness of participative financing for sustainable development depends on the success of individual financing campaigns. Trust is a crucial factor for the success of campaigns. In addition, the campaigns’ contribution to sustainable development and whether it is economically viable are decisive factors. Based on these three criteria, this dissertation investigates quality signals for increasing the supporters’ trust in campaigns. The dissertation investigates to what extent participative financing can contribute to sustainable development and support the development of economically viable ventures. To this end, the dissertation considers four independent studies. The dissertation shows that the ventures’ sustainable and personal value proposition is a quality signal that positively influences the success of the associated campaigns. Supporters of reward-based crowdfunding campaigns are even willing to reduce their personal value in order to contribute to achieving higher sustainable values. Furthermore, the dissertation shows that in the context of lending- and equity-based crowdfunding, sustainable orientation has no effect on the campaigns’ success but positively influences the profitability of ventures. Sustainable orientation positively affects profitability, since the success of sustainably oriented campaigns is almost independent of the interest rate and these ventures can acquire capital at economically more favorable conditions compared to regular ventures. The inclusion of society in sustainable transformation processes is an essential requirement in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations. The opportunities for societal participation could be increasable if established companies integrate participative financing techniques into existing products. A hybrid model could leverage the advantages of established and innovative financing techniques. The dissertation shows that decision-makers of regional banks are willing to offer a hybrid model of participative co-financing. However, it also becomes clear that further tests and experiences regarding the integration of participative financing are necessary to advance the understanding of the potential of participative financing. Finally, the dissertation shows that social interactions in the communities of participative financing platforms have a trust-building effect. Platform participants can exchange information about the ventures’ qualities through interactions, which increases the willingness to participate.
Editorial: Gothics
Creators: name: Dallmann, Christine
name: Vollbrecht, Ralf
Publisher: name: Medienwelten – Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik
Year: 2014

description: Die Schwarze Szene oder Gothic-Kultur bezeichnet eine Jugend- und Musikkultur-Szene, deren Wurzeln in die 1980er Jahre zu­rückreichen. Neben Einflüssen von Independent und Dark Wave sind auch frühere jugendkulturelle Strömungen wie Punk, New Wave, New Romantic, Gothic u.a. festzustellen, wobei durch die Überlagerungen verschiedener Szenen und Musikstile und mehr­fache Generationswechsel eine subkulturelle Einordnung zuneh­mend schwierig wird. Dazu trägt auch bei, dass Indivi­dualität und Individualitätsausdruck für die Mitglieder der Szene von besonde­rer Bedeutung sind. Während die musikalische Eindeutigkeit der Szene inzwischen an Bedeutung verliert, gibt es doch einen Kern an Lebenseinstellungen und Werthaltungen sowie auf stilistischer Ebene einen Kanon an geteilten Symbolen, unter denen die Farbe Schwarz als überdeterminiertes Einheits­symbol herausragt, das gleichwohl sehr unterschiedlich mit Bedeutungen aufgefüllt sein kann. In dieser Ausgabe von Medienwelten werden zwei Studien vorgestellt, die sich dem Thema Gothics aus unter­schied­lichen Perspektiven nähern und damit dazu beitragen, ein viel­schichtigeres Bild der Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmung der Schwarzen Szene zu zeichnen. Dabei geht es sowohl um mediale Berichterstattung als auch um Fantum und Aspekte der Identitäts­ent­wicklung in der Adoleszenz.
description: Medienwelten – Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik, Nr. 4 (2014): Gothics
The role of disclosure in relation to assent to participate in HIV-related research among HIV-infected youth: a formative study
Creators: name: Vaz, Lara
name: Corneli, Amy L
name: Dulyx, Jennyfer
name: Behets, Frieda
name: Rennie, Stuart
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background The objective of this study was to develop a culturally appropriate approach for obtaining assent from children aged eight to 17 years to participate in paediatric HIV-related operational research in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Included within this objective was to determine whether or not HIV disclosure should be included as part of the assent process prior to research participation, a component of research participation, or not incorporated in any aspect of the child's involvement in the research. Factors that influence parents' and caregivers' decisions to disclose HIV status to children in non-research contexts were also explored. Methods A qualitative formative study was conducted. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 youth living with HIV, 36 parents and caregivers of youth living with HIV, and 17 health professionals who provide care and support to youth living with HIV and their families. Participants were purposefully selected from three HIV care, treatment and/or psychosocial support programmes in Kinshasa, DRC. Results Most youth interviewed believed minors participating in HIV-related research should be informed of their HIV-positive status. Parents and caregivers and health professionals had varied perspectives on if and when HIV status should be disclosed to minors during research participation. The age of the youth influenced parents and caregivers' responses, and disclosure to adolescents was more frequently supported than disclosure to children. Several parents and caregivers, as well as some health professionals, suggested that minors should never be told their HIV-positive status when participating in HIV-related research, regardless of their age. Within the context of treatment programmes, disclosure of HIV status to minors was supported by youth, parents and caregivers, and health professionals as a means to improve adherence to medication. Conclusion In settings where most minors are unaware of their HIV infection, researchers should consider excluding the term, "HIV", when explaining HIV-related research to minors, and omitting it from assent forms or informational sheets related to research participation. However, an individualized disclosure plan should be initiated with parents and caregivers at the time of enrolment in HIV-related research, particularly in research that involves treatment.
Observation of pseudo two dimensional electron transport in the rock salt type topological semimetal LaBi
Creators: name: Kumar, Nitesh
name: Shekhar, Chandra
name: Wu, Shu-Chun
name: Leermakers, Inge
name: Young, Olga
name: Zeitler, Uli
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Felser, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators are characterized by an inverted band structure in the bulk and metallic surface states on the surface. In LaBi, a semimetal with a band inversion equivalent to a topological insulator, we observe surface state like behavior in the magnetoresistance. The electrons responsible for this pseudo two dimensional transport, however, originate from the bulk states rather topological surface states, which is witnessed by the angle dependent quantum oscillations of the magnetoresistance and ab initio calculations. As a consequence, the magnetoresistance exhibits strong anisotropy with large amplitude (~ 10^5 %).
description: 21 pages, 4 figures and supplementary information
Selbstbild und mediale Fremdwahrnehmung. Eine Analyse der Berichterstattung über die Schwarze Szene in Leipziger Volkszeitung und BILD-Zeitung
Creators: name: Trippensee, Corina
Publisher: name: Medienwelten – Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik
Year: 2014

description: Die Studie gibt zunächst einen Überblick über den Forschungsstand in Deutschland zur „Schwarzen Szene“. Neben der Vorstellung von Geschichte und Entwicklung der Gothic-Szene steht eine umfassende Stilanalyse im Mittelpunkt, die Zeichen und Symbole dieser Jugendkultur vorstellt und auf deren Verwendung eingeht. In einer empirischen Untersuchung nimmt die Autorin einen doppelten Vergleich vor: Zwischen dem Selbstbild der Szene und ihrer medialen Fremdwahrnehmung sowie zwischen den jeweiligen Mediendarstellungen in zwei unterschiedlich ausgerichteten Zeitungen, der Leipziger Volkszeitung und der BILD-Zeitung. Anhand von qualitativen und quantitativen Daten gibt die Autorin differenzierte Einblicke in die medial auffällige, aber in ihren Binnendifferenzierungen dennoch wenig bekannte Schwarze Szene. First, the study provides an overview of the current state of research in Germany concerning the „black scene”. After the presentation of the history and development of the scene a comprehensive stylistic analysis is focused, which also introduces signs and symbols of this youth culture as well as their usage. In an empirical analysis the authoress draws a comparison in two ways: first between the self-perception of the scene on the one hand and the medial perception on the other hand, and secondly concerning the different medial representation in two different newspapers – the Leipziger Volkszeitung and the BILD-Zeitung. Based on qualitative and quantitative data, the authoress provides a complex insight into the goth scene, which is medial striking but nevertheless little known in its internal differentiations.
description: Medienwelten – Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik, Nr. 4 (2014): Gothics
Die Bedeutung von Idolen für Jugendliche der Dresdner Gothic-Szene
Creators: name: Lehmann, Sandra
Publisher: name: Medienwelten – Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik
Year: 2014

description: Die Autorin untersucht in einer qualitativen Studie die Aneignung von medialen Bezugspersonen im Jugendalter mit Fokus auf die Einbindung von Musikidolen in die Lebenswelt junger Gothics. Ihre These ist, dass bei Gothics im Unterschied zu Fans von Mainstream-Musikern der Populärkultur übergreifende Wert- und Lebensstilorientierungen vorliegen. In ihrem theoretischen Überblick über das Forschungsfeld geht die Autorin auch auf Aneignungsmodi und die individuellen Funktionen von Stars für die Bewältigung von Entwicklungsaufgaben im Jugendalter insbesondere für die Identitätsbildung ein. Nach einer schriftlichen Befragung zur Sondierung des Feldes wird die Hauptstudie vorgestellt, die ausführliche Interpretation eines qualitativen Interviews mit einem Jugendlichen der Dresdner Gothic-Szene. Diese Fallstudie ist nicht nur wegen der biografischen Besonderheiten und schwierigen Lebensumstände des Jugendlichen aufschlussreich – es gelingt der Autorin auch, ihre These einer ganzheitlichen Verwendung von Musik-Idolen bei Gothics beispielhaft aufzuzeigen. In this qualitative study the authoress researches the adoption of media attachment figures in the adolescence, focusing the inclusion of music idols in the lifeworld (Lebenswelt) of young goths. Her hypothesis is that for goths, in contrast to fans of musicians in other facets of popular culture, there are overarching value and lifestyle orientations. In her theoretical overview of the research field, the authoress describes adoption modes and also contemplates on the individual functions of stars concerning the way of coping with development tasks in adolescence – especially concerning the development of identity. After an exploring survey the main study is presented – a detailed case interpretation of an interview with an adolescent member of the goth scene of Dresden. This case study is interesting not only because of the biographical characteristics and difficult circumstances of life – the authoress also succeeds to demonstrate her hypothesis of the holistic usage of a music idol.
description: Medienwelten – Zeitschrift für Medienpädagogik, Nr. 4 (2014): Gothics
Distance statistics in random media: high dimension and/or high neighborhood order cases
Creators: name: Granzotti, Cristiano Roberto Fabri
name: Martinez, Alexandre Souto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consider an unlimited homogeneous medium disturbed by points generated via Poisson process. The neighborhood of a point plays an important role in spatial statistics problems. Here, we obtain analytically the distance statistics to $k$th nearest neighbor in a $d$-dimensional media. Next, we focus our attention in high dimensionality and high neighborhood order limits. High dimensionality makes distance distribution behavior as a delta sequence, with mean value equal to Cerf's conjecture. Distance statistics in high neighborhood order converges to a Gaussian distribution. The general distance statistics can be applied to detect departures from Poissonian point distribution hypotheses as proposed by Thompson and generalized here.
description: 5 pages and 2 figures
Beam dynamics of the superconducting wiggler on the SSRF storage ring
Creators: name: Zhang, Qinglei
name: Tian, Shunqiang
name: Jiang, Bocheng
name: Xu, Jieping
name: Zhao, Zhentang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the SSRF Phase-II beamline project, a Superconducting Wiggler (SW) will be installed in the electron storage ring. It may greatly impact on the beam dynamics due to the very high magnetic field. The emittance growth becomes a main problem, even after a well correction of the beam optics. A local achromatic lattice is studied, in order to combat the emittance growth and keep the good performance of the SSRF storage ring, as well as possible. Other effects of the SW are simulated and optimized as well, including the beta beating, the tune shift, the dynamic aperture, and the field error effects.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
the results of Gastric cancer cohort
Creators: name: 熊延狮
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Variation
Monoisolate

description: A phase II Study to evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Hydrochloride Combined with Nivolumab in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma as second-line or salvage Therapy
6-068-VisualizingPredator-PreyCycles
Creators: name: Cowden, Evan
name: Hallare, Maila
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2023

description: In this modeling scenario, we propose a gentle introduction to limit cycles using nullcline analysis and a spreadsheet graphical approach via the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. We will be offering three predator-prey models, each more complex and real
Null geodesics and gravitational lensing in a nonsingular spacetime
Creators: name: Wei, Shao-Wen
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
name: Fu, Chun-E
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the null geodesics and gravitational lensing in a nonsingular spacetime are investigated. According to the nature of the null geodesics, the spacetime is divided into several cases. In the weak deflection limit, we find the influence of the nonsingularity parameter $q$ on the positions and magnifications of the images is negligible. In the strong deflection limit, the coefficients and observables for the gravitational lensing in a nonsingular black hole background and a weakly nonsingular spacetime are obtained. Comparing these results, we find that, in a weakly nonsingular spacetime, the relativistic images have smaller angular position and relative magnification, but larger angular separation than that of a nonsingular black hole. These results might offer a way to probe the spacetime nonsingularity parameter and put a bound on it by the astronomical instruments in the near future.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
ON-LINE SAMPLE PRETREATMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES FOR USE WITH ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
Creators: name: MURPHY, JAMES ROBERT
Publisher: name: University of Plymouth
Year: 1998

description: The objective of this study was to develop novel techniques for on-line sample pre-treatment for use with atomic spectroscopy. Preconcentration of the analytes using either complexation of the analyte(s) on an analytical column or by in-situ (in atomiser) trapping on a pre-coated graphite tube has been used. The samples were manipulated using flow injection analysis and detection achieved in most cases by ETAAS. All aspects of the study are supported by reference to the literature. Using the above approach, a new method has been developed to determine mercury in environmental (sediment) and biological (tuna fish) samples. This approach successfully achieved a sample throughput of 20-30 sample per hour, with a method detection limit of 0.2 ng g*^ (3a) and a precision of less than 10% at the 0.1 ug g"^ level. An interference study was conducted and seven elements ( As\, Cd", Cu", Ni", Pb". Sb'' and Se"") shown to give less than a 5% interference when the interferent concentration was 2 orders of magnitude greater than the Hg. Silver showed a 9% interference when one order of magnitude greater than the Hg. The technique of "in atomiser trapping" was applied to the determination of As, Bi, Sb and Se, in lake water samples. The hydrides were sequestrated upon an Ir coated graphite tube and the instrumental and chemical parameters optimised for multi-element determinations. Iridium has been identified as the best trapping material (coating) for multi-element determinations. The final method gave detection limits of 0.82, 0.04, 0,26 and 0.29 ug 1'^ (500 ul sample loop) for As, Bi, Sb and Se respectively. A characteristic mass of 177 pg for As, 91 pg for Bi, 107 pg for Sb and 90 pg for Se was achieved. Good agreement was obtained with certified and standard reference materials and the method was successfully applied to the determination of As, Bi, Sb and Se in lake water samples. Six elements (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Pb) were selected for determination in seawater samples by multi-element on-line column preconcentration. The sample stream was mixed on-line with a buffered solution of diethylammonium dithiocarbamate (DDDC). and the metal-DDC complex retained upon a Cie RP silica column. Ethanol was then used to elute the metals from the column directly into the graphite tube. Disappointing results, were obtained due to interference problems, and although more work is required before this approach may be routinely used, it is shown to have potential for the future. Overall, this study has shown that novel methods employing flow injection methodologies for separation and preconcentration are a viable way to prepare environmental sample for analysis by ETAAS. Further it has demonstrated that multi-element analysis is possible for low levels of analyte despite the presence of troublesome matrices, although further work is required to achieve the ultimate goal of a universal method suitable for all analytes irrespective of the sample type.
Emergence of one-dimensional wires of free carriers in transition-metal-dichalcogenide nanostructures
Creators: name: Gibertini, Marco
name: Marzari, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We highlight the emergence of metallic states in two-dimensional transition-metal-dichalcogenide nanostructures -nanoribbons, islands, and inversion domain boundaries- as a widespread and universal phenomenon driven by the polar discontinuities occurring at their edges or boundaries. We show that such metallic states form one-dimensional wires of electrons or holes, with a free charge density that increases with the system size, up to complete screening of the polarization charge, and can also be controlled by the specific edge or boundary configurations, e.g. through chemisorption of hydrogen or sulfur atoms at the edges. For triangular islands, local polar discontinuities occur even in the absence of a total dipole moment for the island and lead to an accumulation of free carriers close to the edges, providing a consistent explanation of previous experimental observations. To further stress the universal character of these mechanisms, we show that polar discontinuities give rise to metallic states also at inversion domain boundaries. These findings underscore the potential of engineering transition-metal-dichalcogenide nanostructures for manifold applications in nano- and opto-electronics, spintronics, catalysis, and solar-energy harvesting.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
the results of Gastric cancer cohort - meta
Creators: name: 熊延狮
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Metagenome
Multispecies

description: A phase II Study to evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Anlotinib Hydrochloride Combined with Nivolumab in the Treatment of Advanced Gastric Adenocarcinoma as second-line or salvage Therapy
Expansion shock waves in regularised shallow water theory
Creators: name: El, Gennady A.
name: Hoefer, Mark A.
name: Shearer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We identify a new type of shock wave by constructing a stationary expansion shock solution of a class of regularised shallow water equations that include the Benjamin-Bona-Mahoney (BBM) and Boussinesq equations. An expansion shock exhibits divergent characteristics, thereby contravening the classical Lax entropy condition. The persistence of the expansion shock in initial value problems is analysed and justified using matched asymptotic expansions and numerical simulations. The expansion shock's existence is traced to the presence of a non-local dispersive term in the governing equation. We establish the algebraic decay of the shock as it is gradually eroded by a simple wave on either side. More generally, we observe a robustness of the expansion shock in the presence of weak dissipation and in simulations of asymmetric initial conditions where a train of solitary waves is shed from one side of the shock.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Muscle dissatisfaction in young adult men
Creators: name: Bulik, Cynthia
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2006

description: Abstract Backround Appearance concerns are of increasing importance in young men's lives. We investigated whether muscle dissatisfaction is associated with psychological symptoms, dietary supplement or anabolic steroid use, or physical activity in young men. Methods As a part of a questionnaire assessment of health-related behaviors in the population-based FinnTwin16 study, we assessed factors associated with muscle dissatisfaction in 1245 men aged 22–27 using logistic regression models. Results Of men, 30% experienced high muscle dissatisfaction, while 12% used supplements/steroids. Of highly muscle-dissatisfied men, 21.5% used supplements/steroids. Mean body mass index, waist circumference, or leisure aerobic activity index did not differ between individuals with high/low muscle dissatisfaction. Muscle dissatisfaction was significantly associated with a psychological and psychosomatic problems, alcohol and drug use, lower height satisfaction, sedentary lifestyle, poor subjective physical fitness, and lower life satisfaction. Conclusion Muscle dissatisfaction and supplement/steroid use are relatively common, and are associated with psychological distress and markers of sedentary lifestyle.
Robustness of coherence: An operational and observable measure of quantum coherence
Creators: name: Napoli, Carmine
name: Bromley, Thomas R.
name: Cianciaruso, Marco
name: Piani, Marco
name: Johnston, Nathaniel
name: Adesso, Gerardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantifying coherence is an essential endeavour for both quantum foundations and quantum technologies. Here the robustness of coherence is defined and proven a full monotone in the context of the recently introduced resource theories of quantum coherence. The measure is shown to be observable, as it can be recast as the expectation value of a coherence witness operator for any quantum state. The robustness of coherence is evaluated analytically on relevant classes of states, and an efficient semidefinite program that computes it on general states is given. An operational interpretation is finally provided: the robustness of coherence quantifies the advantage enabled by a quantum state in a phase-discrimination task.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Close to published version. Matlab code included in the source. See also the companion article arXiv:1601.03782
A systematic review on the effectiveness of game-based learning in K-12 education compared to traditional teaching methods
Creators: name: de Castro Huesler, Antony
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Educational Psychology
subject: School Psychology
subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Education
subject: Child Psychology
subject: Cognitive Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Other Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: hci
subject: human computer interaction
subject: human-computer interaction

description: This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness of game-based learning in K-12 education compared to traditional teaching methods.
Tilgængelighed og GIS - anvendelse af gravitationsbaserede GIS-analyser i planlægningen
Creators: name: Rolff-Petersen, Hans
name: Clemens, Esben
Publisher: name: Geoforum Perspektiv
Year: 2012

description: Geoforum Perspektiv, Vol 1 No 2 (2002): GI og fysisk planlægning
A pseudo-binary interdiffusion study in the beta-Ni(Pt)Al phase
Creators: name: Kiruthika, Perumalsamy
name: Paul, Aloke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interdiffusion study is conducted in the Ni-rich part of the beta-Ni(Pt)Al phase following the pseudo-binary approach. Interdiffusion coefficients over the whole composition range considered in this study increases with the increase in Pt content, which is in line with the theoretical study predicting the decrease in vacancy formation and migration energy because of Pt addition. The trend of change in diffusion coefficient with the increase in Ni and Pt content indicates that Pt preferably replaces Ni antisites.
Conflicts of Interest and Need Satisfaction in Everyday Life
Creators: name: Horne, Rebecca
name: Righetti, Francesca
name: Park, Yoobin
name: Visserman, Mariko
name: Impett, Emily
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The purpose of this study is to (1) investigate how daily conflict of interest resolution (i.e., through self-sacrifice, partner sacrifice, compromise, or going separate ways) is associated with daily autonomy, competence, and relatedness need satisfaction, and (2) examine daily mediators of the link between conflict of interest resolution and need satisfaction.
Development of new physical activity and sedentary behavior change self-efficacy questionnaires using item response modeling
Creators: name: Jago, Russell
name: Venditti, Elizabeth
name: Thompson, Debbe
name: Moe, Esther
name: Baranowski, Tom
name: Blackshear, Tara
name: Baranowski, Janice C
name: Hernández, Arthur E
name: Bachman, Christine
name: Watson, Kathy
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background Theoretically, increased levels of physical activity self-efficacy (PASE) should lead to increased physical activity, but few studies have reported this effect among youth. This failure may be at least partially attributable to measurement limitations. In this study, Item Response Modeling (IRM) was used to develop new physical activity and sedentary behavior change self-efficacy scales. The validity of the new scales was compared with accelerometer assessments of physical activity and sedentary behavior. Methods New PASE and sedentary behavior change (TV viewing, computer video game use, and telephone use) self-efficacy items were developed. The scales were completed by 714, 6th grade students in seven US cities. A limited number of participants (83) also wore an accelerometer for five days and provided at least 3 full days of complete data. The new scales were analyzed using Classical Test Theory (CTT) and IRM; a reduced set of items was produced with IRM and correlated with accelerometer counts per minute and minutes of sedentary, light and moderate to vigorous activity per day after school. Results The PASE items discriminated between high and low levels of PASE. Full and reduced scales were weakly correlated (r = 0.18) with accelerometer counts per minute after school for boys, with comparable associations for girls. Weaker correlations were observed between PASE and minutes of moderate to vigorous activity (r = 0.09 – 0.11). The uni-dimensionality of the sedentary scales was established by both exploratory factor analysis and the fit of items to the underlying variable and reliability was assessed across the length of the underlying variable with some limitations. The reduced sedentary behavior scales had poor reliability. The full scales were moderately correlated with light intensity physical activity after school (r = 0.17 to 0.33) and sedentary behavior (r = -0.29 to -0.12) among the boys, but not for girls. Conclusion New physical activity and sedentary behavior change self-efficacy scales have fewer items than classical test theory derived alternatives and have reasonable validity for boys, but more work is needed to develop comparable scales for girls. Fitting the items to a underlying variable could be useful in tailoring interventions to this scale.
Robustness of asymmetry and coherence of quantum states
Creators: name: Piani, Marco
name: Cianciaruso, Marco
name: Bromley, Thomas R.
name: Napoli, Carmine
name: Johnston, Nathaniel
name: Adesso, Gerardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum states may exhibit asymmetry with respect to the action of a given group. Such an asymmetry of states can be considered as a resource in applications such as quantum metrology, and it is a concept that encompasses quantum coherence as a special case. We introduce explicitly and study the robustness of asymmetry, a quantifier of asymmetry of states that we prove to have many attractive properties, including efficient numerical computability via semidefinite programming, and an operational interpretation in a channel discrimination context. We also introduce the notion of asymmetry witnesses, whose measurement in a laboratory detects the presence of asymmetry. We prove that properly constrained asymmetry witnesses provide lower bounds to the robustness of asymmetry, which is shown to be a directly measurable quantity itself. We then focus our attention on coherence witnesses and the robustness of coherence, for which we prove a number of additional results; these include an analysis of its specific relevance in phase discrimination and quantum metrology, an analytical calculation of its value for a relevant class of quantum states, and tight bounds that relate it to another previously defined coherence monotone.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure. Close to published version. Matlab code included in the source. See also the companion letter arXiv:1601.03781
Feasibility and effects of preventive home visits for at-risk older people: Design of a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Shank, Kendra
name: Svihula, Judie
name: Coppola, Susan
name: Catellier, Diane J.
name: Cutchin, Malcolm
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2009

description: Abstract Background The search for preventive methods to mitigate functional decline and unwanted relocation by older adults living in the community is important. Preventive home visit (PHV) models use infrequent but regular visits to older adults by trained practitioners with the goal of maintaining function and quality of life. Evidence about PHV efficacy is mixed but generally supportive. Yet interventions have rarely combined a comprehensive (biopsychosocial) occupational therapy intervention protocol with a home visit to older adults. There is a particular need in the USA to create and examine such a protocol. Methods/Design The study is a single-blind randomized controlled pilot trial designed to assess the feasibility, and to obtain preliminary efficacy estimates, of an intervention consisting of preventive home visits to community-dwelling older adults. An occupational therapy-based preventive home visit (PHV) intervention was developed and is being implemented and evaluated using a repeated measures design. We recruited a sample of 110 from a population of older adults (75+) who were screened and found to be at-risk for functional decline. Participants are currently living in the community (not in assisted living or a skilled nursing facility) in one of three central North Carolina counties. After consent, participants were randomly assigned into experimental and comparison groups. The experimental group receives the intervention 4 times over a 12 month follow-up period while the comparison group receives a minimal intervention of mailed printed materials. Pre- and post-intervention measures are being gathered by questionnaires administered face-to-face by a treatment-blinded research associate. Key outcome measures include functional ability, participation, life satisfaction, self-rated health, and depression. Additional information is collected from participants in the experimental group during the intervention to assess the feasibility of the intervention and potential modifiers. Fidelity is being addressed and measured across several domains. Discussion Feasibility indications to date are positive. Although the protocol has some limitations, we expect to learn enough about the intervention, delivery and effects to support a larger trial with a more stringent design and enhanced statistical power. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT00985283
Characteristic of Aggressive Behavior on Youth Gangs of Generation Y and Z in Indonesia: a Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Layalia, Mufarridah
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This is the registration for scoping review titled 'Characteristic of Aggressive Behavior on Youth Gangs of Generation Y and Z in Indonesia: a Scoping Review Protocol'.
Phospho-ERK and AKT status, but not KRAS mutation status, are associated with outcomes in rectal cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy
Creators: name: Weck, Karen E.
name: Trembath, Dimitri G
name: Davies, Janine M
name: Tepper, Joel
name: O'Neil, Bert H
name: Funkhouser, William
name: Deal, Allison M
name: Calvo, Benjamin F
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2011

description: Abstract Background KRAS mutations may predict poor response to radiotherapy. Downstream events from KRAS, such as activation of BRAF, AKT and ERK, may also confer prognostic information but have not been tested in rectal cancer (RC). Our objective was to explore the relationships of KRAS and BRAF mutation status with p-AKT and p-ERK and outcomes in RC. Methods Pre-radiotherapy RC tumor biopsies were evaluated. KRAS and BRAF mutations were assessed by pyrosequencing; p-AKT and p-ERK expression by immunohistochemistry. Results Of 70 patients, mean age was 58; 36% stage II, 56% stage III, and 9% stage IV. Responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: 64% limited, 19% major, and 17% pathologic complete response. 64% were KRAS WT, 95% were BRAF WT. High p-ERK levels were associated with improved OS but not for p-AKT. High levels of p-AKT and p-ERK expression were associated with better responses. KRAS WT correlated with lower p-AKT expression but not p-ERK expression. No differences in OS, residual disease, or tumor downstaging were detected by KRAS status. Conclusions KRAS mutation was not associated with lesser response to chemoradiotherapy or worse OS. High p-ERK expression was associated with better OS and response. Higher p-AKT expression was correlated with better response but not OS.
PSYC3301 - Class Project
Creators: name: Silvanose, Kyra
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The study being conducted explores the impact of smiling on social interaction. A photo of a person smiling or a photo of a person with a neutral facial expression will be shown to participants to collect data regarding whether social attraction is higher for people who are smiling versus people who are making a neutral face.
Interpretation of uniocular and binocular trials of glaucoma medications: an observational case series
Creators: name: Amini, Lina
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2007

description: Abstract Background To predict the effectiveness of topical glaucoma medications based on initial uniocular and binocular treatment. To test a traditional hypothesis that effectiveness following a uniocular trial is associated with the change in IOP in the initially treated eye minus the change in the initially untreated eye. To determine whether uniocular or binocular treatment trials are superior. Methods Based on a review of medical records, we identified 168 instances in 154 patients with bilateral primary open angle glaucoma of initial uniocular use of a topical glaucoma medication with well-documented intraocular pressure (IOP) readings at baseline (IOPA), during the trial (IOPB), and at follow-up (IOPC). Abstracted data included demographic data, IOP, and medication use. Predictors of the IOP following the trial (IOPC) in each eye were identified by multivariable linear regression. In 70 cases, the predictive ability of initial uniocular and binocular treatment could be directly compared. Results In a multivariable analysis, the follow-up pressure in the initially treated eye (IOP1C) was directly correlated with treated eye IOP during initial uniocular use (IOP1B, p < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, the follow-up pressure in the initially untreated eye (IOP2C) was directly correlated with its baseline IOP2A (p < 0.001), and also tended to be associated with treated IOP1B (p = 0.07). The multivariable regression coefficient (b) for the IOP change in the initially untreated eye was generally not close to the value of -1 expected by the classic teaching (for eye 1, b = 0.04, p = 0.35; for eye 2, b = 0.07, p = 0.50). In 70 cases, the uniocular and binocular trials predicted a similar fraction of the variance in follow-up IOP1C (r2 = 0.56 and 0.57, respectively) and IOP2C (r2 = 0.39 and 0.38, respectively). Conclusion 1) For uniocular trials, the IOP change in the untreated eye should not be subtracted from that in the treated eye. 2) Uniocular and binocular trials have similar predictive value when interpreted correctly. Either may be selected based on clinical circumstances.
Safety of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in patients with cancer: a nationwide cohort study
Creators: name: Thotamgari, Sahith Reddy
name: Sheth, Aakash R.
name: Patel, Harsh P.
name: Sandhyavenu, Harigopal
name: Patel, Bhavin
name: Grewal, Udhayvir S.
name: Bhuiyan, Mohammad Alfrad Nobel
name: Dani, Sourbha S.
name: Dominic, Paari
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in patients with cancer, especially breast, gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary tract, and hematological malignancies. Catheter ablation (CA) is a well-established, safe treatment option in healthy patients; however, literature regarding safety of CA for AF in patients with cancer is limited and confined to single centers. We aimed to assess the outcomes and peri-procedural safety of CA for AF in patients with certain types of cancer. The NIS database was queried between 2016 and 2019 to identify primary hospitalizations with AF and CA. Hospitalizations with secondary diagnosis of atrial flutter and other arrhythmias were excluded. Propensity score matching was used to balance the covariates between cancer and non-cancer groups. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association. During this period, 47,765 CA procedures were identified, out of which 750 (1.6%) hospitalizations had a diagnosis of cancer. After propensity matching, hospitalizations with cancer diagnosis had higher in-hospital mortality (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.5–6.2, p = 0.001), lower home discharge rates (OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.9, p < 0.001) as well as other complications such as major bleeding (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.7, p = 0.001) and pulmonary embolism (OR 6.1, 95% CI 2.1–17.8, p < 0.001) but not associated with any major cardiac complications (OR 1.2, 95% CI 0.7–1.8, p = 0.53). Patients with cancer who underwent CA for AF had significantly higher odds of in-hospital mortality, major bleeding, and pulmonary embolism. Further larger prospective observational studies are needed to validate these findings.
Nurse staffing and patient care outcomes: protocol for an umbrella review to identify evidence gaps for low and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Imam, Abdulazeez
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Developing countries
subject: Nurses
subject: patient care
subject: quality of care
subject: ward staffing

description: An umbrella review of nurse staffing and patient care outcomes to identify evidence gaps for low and middle income countries
Efficacy and effectiveness of the herbal medicinal product BNO 1016 in the management of acute rhinosinusitis in the context of antibiotic stewardship
Creators: name: Bittner, Claudia B.
name: Steindl, Hubert
name: Abramov-Sommariva, Dimitri
name: Plach, Michael
name: Abels, Christoph
name: Bachert, Claus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy

description: To substantiate the clinical efficacy and investigate the real-world effectiveness of the herbal medicinal product BNO 1016 in acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) in the context of antibiotic stewardship. We performed a meta-analysis of the clinical trials ARhiSi-1 (EudraCT No. 2008 -002,794-13) and ARhiSi-2 (EudraCT No. 2009 -016,682-28) comprising 676 patients, analyzing the reduction of the Major Symptom Score (MSS) and improvement of the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20) by the herbal medicinal product BNO 1016. In addition, we performed a retrospective cohort study including 203,382 patients, comparing the real-life effectiveness of BNO 1016 in reducing ARS-related adverse outcomes in comparison to antibiotics and several other established therapies. Treatment with BNO 1016 ameliorated symptoms of ARS by reducing MSS by 1.9 points (p < 0.0001) and improved quality of life (QoL) for patients by improving SNOT-20 by 3.5 points (p = 0.001) in comparison to placebo. In patients with moderate/severe symptoms, the positive effects of BNO 1016 were even more pronounced (MSS: –2.3 points (p < 0.0001); SNOT-20: –4.9 points (p = 0.0158)). In addition, treatment with BNO 1016 was as effective or significantly more effective in reducing the risk for adverse ARS-related outcomes such as follow-up antibiotic prescriptions, sick leave ≥7 days or medical appointments due to ARS, especially when compared to antibiotics. BNO 1016 is a safe and effective treatment for ARS that can help reduce the overuse of antibiotics.
What May Visualization Processes Optimize?
Creators: name: Chen, Min
name: Golan, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present an abstract model of visualization and inference processes and describe an information-theoretic measure for optimizing such processes. In order to obtain such an abstraction, we first examined six classes of workflows in data analysis and visualization, and identified four levels of typical visualization components, namely disseminative, observational, analytical and model-developmental visualization. We noticed a common phenomenon at different levels of visualization, that is, the transformation of data spaces (referred to as alphabets) usually corresponds to the reduction of maximal entropy along a workflow. Based on this observation, we establish an information-theoretic measure of cost-benefit ratio that may be used as a cost function for optimizing a data visualization process. To demonstrate the validity of this measure, we examined a number of successful visualization processes in the literature, and showed that the information-theoretic measure can mathematically explain the advantages of such processes over possible alternatives.
description: 10 pages