cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Do Online Video Recommendation Algorithms Increase Polarization?
Creators: name: Liu, Naijia
name: Anastasopoulos, Jason
name: Baum, Matthew
name: berinsky, adam
name: Chaney, Allison
name: de Benedictis-Kessner, Justin
name: Guess, Andrew
name: Knox, Dean
name: Lucas, Christopher
name: Stewart, Brandon
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Political Science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Polarization
subject: YouTube

description: Do personalization algorithms serve up ever more extreme videos to users, resulting in affective and issue polarization? Based in part on vivid anecdotes, a media narrative has taken hold ascribing worrisome power to hidden algorithms. Academic researchers have struggled to add evidence to this debate due to both data limitations and serious research design challenges. We propose a novel experimental approach that seeks to resolve the impasse on this critical question by randomizing the recommendations themselves. Using a custom-built interface that serves sequences of videos from YouTube's API, we create our own variations on the existing recommendation algorithm by manipulating the ideological balance of recommended video content to randomly assigned groups of subjects. This approach enables an attractive combination of experimental control and external validity without the need for reverse-engineering YouTube's blackbox recommendations. Subjects in our study will choose to watch a sequence of short videos and follow recommendations while the interface tracks watch time and other measures of engagement. After the viewing session, participants will be surveyed on issue opinions, affective polarization, and perceptions of media hostility. This pre-analysis plan describes a three-wave study focusing on the issue of gun control.
Brunia villosa Sond.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Brunia
Brunia villosa

description: Brunia villosa E. Mey. ex Sond. in Harvey & Sonder, Fl. Cap. 2: 315. 1862 ≡ Raspalia villosa E. Mey ex Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 158. 1947 – Lectotype, designated here by Oliver; Blaauwberg, Dec. Jan., Drège s.n. ‘ 2964 Cederbergen’ (S-G-8313 [ex herb. Sonder], lecto; B [ex herb. Sonder], isolecto).
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1150, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Analysis Plan
Creators: name: Lin, Audrie
name: Silvera, Alexis
name: Butzin-Dozier, Zachary
name: Tan, Sophia
name: Hemlock, Caitlin
name: Mertens, Andrew
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Life Sciences

description: Statistical analysis plan of the maternal nutrition, inflammation, estriol, and stress biomarkers measured during pregnancy and child stress outcomes in the WASH Benefits Bangladesh trial
Brunia (Raspalia) Class. - Bockh. & E. G. H. Oliv.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Brunia

description: 6.3 Brunia subg. Raspalia (Brongn.) Class.-Bockh. & E.G.H. Oliv., comb. et stat. nov. ≡ Raspalia Brongn. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 8: 377. 1826; PillansinJ. S. African Bot. 13: 147. 1947 – Type: Brunia microphylla Thunb. (= Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn.). Stamens included; petals free, shorter than 5 mm, petal bulges forming thick cushion with vertical subdivision; leaves appressed to partlyimbricate, hairy (except B. angulata, B. microphylla), inflorescences usually larger than 5 mm in diameter.
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1150, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Breast Cancer Survivors
Creators: name: Khankari, Nikhil
name: Stevens, June
name: Gammon, Marilie D.
name: Teitelbaum, Susan L.
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
name: Bradshaw, Patrick T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is of increasing concern among breast cancer survivors. However the burden of this comorbidity in this group relative to the general population, and its temporal pattern, remains unknown.
Properties and characteristics of 3-dimensional printed spine models used in simulation of surgical procedures: a scoping review
Creators: name: Maclachlan, Liam
name: Pearce, Patrick
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: The aim of this scoping review is to explore how 3D printed spine models are implemented in spine surgery. Specifically, this review aims to investigate the specifics of model design and utilisation such as model material and fabrication method, anatomical and physiology replicated, and utilisation of models in teaching. Outcomes assessing skill acquisition, patient outcomes and clinical practice will also be explored. In planning this scoping review preliminary searches of PubMed have been conducted. There are currently no systemic or scoping reviews that examine the current practice of utilising complex spine models for skill acquisition in spine surgery while also including details on the current state of such spine models in terms of structures replicated, design and materials utilised and patterns of use for teaching and learning.
Physics and Applications of Laser Diode Chaos
Creators: name: Sciamanna, Marc
name: Shore, K. Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview of chaos in laser diodes is provided which surveys experimental achievements in the area and explains the theory behind the phenomenon. The fundamental physics underpinning this behaviour and also the opportunities for harnessing laser diode chaos for potential applications are discussed. The availability and ease of operation of laser diodes, in a wide range of configurations, make them a convenient test-bed for exploring basic aspects of nonlinear and chaotic dynamics. It also makes them attractive for practical tasks, such as chaos-based secure communications and random number generation. Avenues for future research and development of chaotic laser diodes are also identified.
description: Published in Nature Photonics
Brunia barnardii Class. - Bockh. & E. G. H. Oliv.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Brunia
Brunia barnardii

description: Brunia barnardii (Pillans) Class.-Bockh. & E.G.H. Oliv., comb. nov. ≡ Raspalia barnardii Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 156. 1947 – Type: Swellendam Div.: mountains near Swellendam, 4000 ft, Oct 1925, Barnard in SAM 28912 (SAM!, holo). Placement of thisspecies in Brunia subg. Raspalia isbased on morphological data as anther morphology, 5- to 10-colporate pollen grains, stamens included, petal morphology, appressed to partly imbricate leaves, and inflorescence size; the species was not included in the DNA analysis.
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1150, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Optimal asymptotic behavior of the vorticity of a viscous flow past a two-dimensional body
Creators: name: Guillod, Julien
name: Wittwer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76D05, 35Q30, 74F10, 35B40, 35C20, 76M45, 76D17, 76D25

description: The asymptotic behavior of the vorticity for the steady incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a two-dimensional exterior domain is described in the case where the velocity at infinity $\boldsymbol{u}_{\infty}$ is nonzero. It is well known that the asymptotic behavior of the velocity field is given by the fundamental solution of the Oseen system which is the linearization of the Navier-Stokes equation around $\boldsymbol{u}_{\infty}$. The vorticity has the property of decaying algebraically inside a parabolic region called the wake and exponentially outside. The previously proven asymptotic expansions of the vorticity are relevant only inside the wake because everywhere else the remainder is larger than the asymptotic term. Here we present an asymptotic expansion that removes this weakness. Surprisingly, the found asymptotic term is not given by the Oseen linearization and has a power of decay that depends on the data. This strange behavior is specific to the two dimensional problem and is not present in three dimensions.
description: 10 pages
Childhood and Adolescent Pesticide Exposure and Breast Cancer Risk
Creators: name: Sandler, Dale P.
name: D'Aloisio, Aimee A.
name: Nichols, Hazel B.
name: Parks, Christine G.
name: White, Alexandra J.
name: Niehoff, Nicole M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: To date, epidemiological studies have not strongly supported an association between pesticide exposure and breast cancer. However, few previous studies had the ability to assess specific time periods of exposure. Studies that relied on adult serum levels of metabolites of organochlorine pesticides may not accurately reflect exposure during developmental periods. Further, exposure assessment often occurred after diagnosis and key tumor characteristics, such as hormone receptor status, have rarely been available to evaluate tumor-subtype specific associations. We examine the association between pesticide exposure during childhood and adolescence and breast cancer risk in the prospective Sister Study cohort (N=50,844 women) to assess this relation by tumor subtype.
Multiple Overimputation to Address Missing Data and Measurement Error: Application to HIV Treatment During Pregnancy and Pregnancy Outcomes
Creators: name: Stringer, Jeffrey S. A.
name: Chi, Benjamin H.
name: Vwalika, Bellington
name: Musonda, Patrick
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Westreich, Daniel
name: Miller, William C.
name: Bengtson, Angela M.
name: Pence, Brian W.
name: Chibwesha, Carla
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Investigations of the association of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) with pregnancy outcomes often rely on routinely collected clinical data, which are prone to missing data and measurement error. Measurement error in gestational age may bias the relationship between combination ART and gestational age-based outcomes.
Emergence of spike correlations in periodically forced excitable systems
Creators: name: Reinoso, Jose A.
name: Torrent, M. C.
name: Masoller, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In sensory neurons the presence of noise can facilitate the detection of weak information-carrying signals, which are encoded and transmitted via correlated sequences of spikes. Here we investigate relative temporal order in spike sequences induced by a subthreshold periodic input, in the presence of white Gaussian noise. To simulate the spikes, we use the FitzHugh-Nagumo model, and to investigate the output sequence of inter-spike intervals (ISIs), we use the symbolic method of ordinal analysis. We find different types of relative temporal order, in the form of preferred ordinal patterns which depend on both, the strength of the noise and the period of the input signal. We also demonstrate a resonance-like behavior, as certain periods and noise levels enhance temporal ordering in the ISI sequence, maximizing the probability of the preferred patterns. Our findings could be relevant for understanding the mechanisms underlying temporal coding, by which single sensory neurons represent in spike sequences the information about weak periodic stimuli.
Relational Mobility and Personal Well-Being during Covid-19: Multiple Mediation Analyses
Creators: name: Benjamin, Laurel
name: Wang, Shu-wen
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: During a time of highly enforced physical separation, people are finding themselves increasingly more isolated and alone. The covid-19 global pandemic has affected citizens of nearly every country in the world. However, the degree to which people experience loneliness and other well being-related outcomes in the wake of increased isolation may be culturally variable. Indeed, our (2020) study on the links between Relational Mobility (RM; the degree to which individuals in a society can enter and leave interpersonal relationships as desired; Schug, 2010) and well-being found that—contrary to original predictions—societies with high Relational Mobility (e.g., the United States and Mexico) experienced lower levels of loneliness and psychological distress and higher levels of happiness compared to societies with low Relational Mobility (e.g., Japan). To unpack these unexpected links, we propose several multiple mediation models with four different potential mediating variables—approach coping, connection appraisal, separation appraisal, and unmet romantic expectations—which we posit may underlie the relation of Relational Mobility with distress and well-being outcomes.
Prenatal Phthalate Exposures and Body Mass Index Among 4- to 7-Year-old Children: A Pooled Analysis
Creators: name: Mendez, Michelle A.
name: Richardson, David B.
name: Whyatt, Robin M.
name: Buckley, Jessie P.
name: Xu, Yingying
name: Rundlec, Andrew G.
name: Braun, Joseph M.
name: Engel, Stephanie M.
name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Daniels, Julie L.
name: Calafat, Antonia M.
name: Lanphear, Bruce P.
name: Wolff, Mary S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Phthalates are hypothesized to cause obesity, but few studies have assessed whether prenatal phthalate exposures are related to childhood body mass index (BMI).
Obesity, Cardiometabolic Disease, and Perioperative Acute Kidney Injury: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Creators: name: Leis, Aleda
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Clinical Epidemiology
subject: Diseases
subject: Public Health
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Cardiovascular Diseases
subject: Anesthesiology
subject: MPOG

description: Dissertation analytic plan for MPOG data - PCRC 114
Risk of Cardiovascular Disease from Cumulative Cigarette Use and the Impact of Smoking Intensity
Creators: name: Lubin, Jay H.
name: Woodward, Mark
name: Couper, David
name: Yatsuya, Hiroshi
name: Huxley, Rachel R.
name: Lutsey, Pamela L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Relative risks (RR) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by smoking rate exhibit a concave pattern, with RRs in low rate smokers exceeding a linear extrapolation from higher rate smokers. However, cigarettes/day does not by itself fully characterize smoking-related risks. A reexamination of the concave pattern using a comprehensive representation of smoking may enhance insights.
Characterizing Sleep Beliefs
Creators: name: ten Brink, Maia
name: Gross, James
name: Li, Hanqiu
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Pre-Registration: Characterizing Sleep Beliefs Date: October 5, 2020 Authors: Maia ten Brink, Hanqiu Li, James Gross Changes from previous pre-registration in July 2020: • First, after running analyses for Aims 1 and 2 as initially pre-registered in July 2020, our team identified an error in reverse coding of the Sleep Mindsets surveys and Implicit Beliefs about Emotion survey. We have therefore corrected the error in this current pre-registration, updated the description of variable coding, and re-ran analyses on held out sub-samples. In almost all cases, direction of effects simply reversed, so we accordingly updated hypothesis based on only the held-out sub-samples. After submitting this pre-registration, we will re-run analyses for Aims 1 and 2 in accordance with this updated pre-registration. • Second, we accidentally failed to include four brief self-report items that had been measured in data collection. These have been added to the current pre-registration and are addressed in a new section, Aim 5, as well as in a few additional theoretical hypotheses in Aim 4. We have not yet analyzed any data addressing Aims 3-5, and will only do so following submission of this pre-registration. • Third, we updated final sample n’s to reflect the fact that data collection has now been completed. I. AIMS: 1. Aim 1: We aim to develop new scales to characterize malleable vs. fixed mindsets about sleep, then characterize the psychometric properties of these new scales in a population of college-age students. 2. Aim 2: We aim to understand associations between malleable vs. fixed mindsets about sleep and other trait characteristics. 3. Aim 3: We aim to characterize beliefs, goals, and habits about sleep using qualitative open-response measures in a population of college-age students. 4. Aim 4: We aim to understand associations between those beliefs, goals, and habits about sleep and other trait characteristics, including malleable vs. fixed mindsets about sleep. 5. Aim 5: We aim to understand associations between beliefs about the influence of affect on sleep with other trait characteristics, including malleable vs. fixed mindsets about sleep.
Organization of Multi-Agent Systems: An Overview
Creators: name: Abbas, Hosny Ahmed
name: Shaheen, Samir Ibrahim
name: Amin, Mohammed Hussein
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In complex, open, and heterogeneous environments, agents must be able to reorganize towards the most appropriate organizations to adapt unpredictable environment changes within Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). Types of reorganization can be seen from two different levels. The individual agents level (micro-level) in which an agent changes its behaviors and interactions with other agents to adapt its local environment. And the organizational level (macro-level) in which the whole system changes it structure by adding or removing agents. This chapter is dedicated to overview different aspects of what is called MAS Organization including its motivations, paradigms, models, and techniques adopted for statically or dynamically organizing agents in MAS.
description: 12 pages
Soft behavior of string amplitudes with external massive states
Creators: name: Guerrieri, Andrea L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We briefly discuss the soft behavior of scattering amplitudes both in string and quantum field theory. In particular we show a general argument about the validity of soft theorems for open superstring amplitudes and list some of our recent results.
description: 2 pages, poster presented at IFAE 2015
Selection Bias Due to Loss to Follow Up in Cohort Studies
Creators: name: Howe, Chanelle J.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Napravnik, Sonia
name: Cole, Stephen R.
name: Lau, Bryan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Selection bias due to loss to follow up represents a threat to the internal validity of estimates derived from cohort studies. Over the last fifteen years, stratification-based techniques as well as methods such as inverse probability-of-censoring weighted estimation have been more prominently discussed and offered as a means to correct for selection bias. However, unlike correcting for confounding bias using inverse weighting, uptake of inverse probability-of-censoring weighted estimation as well as competing methods has been limited in the applied epidemiologic literature. To motivate greater use of inverse probability-of-censoring weighted estimation and competing methods, we use causal diagrams to describe the sources of selection bias in cohort studies employing a time-to-event framework when the quantity of interest is an absolute measure (e.g. absolute risk, survival function) or relative effect measure (e.g., risk difference, risk ratio). We highlight that whether a given estimate obtained from standard methods is potentially subject to selection bias depends on the causal diagram and the measure. We first broadly describe inverse probability-of-censoring weighted estimation and then give a simple example to demonstrate in detail how inverse probability-of-censoring weighted estimation mitigates selection bias and describe challenges to estimation. We then modify complex, real-world data from the University of North Carolina Center for AIDS Research HIV clinical cohort study and estimate the absolute and relative change in the occurrence of death with and without inverse probability-of-censoring weighted correction using the modified University of North Carolina data. We provide SAS code to aid with implementation of inverse probability-of-censoring weighted techniques.
Behavioural and electrophysiological markers of integration in novel word learning
Creators: name: Korochkina, Maria
name: Nickels, Lyndsey
name: Bürki, Audrey
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Neuroscience and Neurobiology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: According to the Complementary Learning Systems model, successful learning requires integration of new episodic representations into semantic memory. Applied to word learning, only integrated newly learned words can compete with familiar words during lexical selection, which is often tracked with priming tasks. The present study is the first to examine electrophysiology of behavioural effects commonly interpreted as markers of integration in a paradigm that taps into automatic semantic processing. Young healthy adults learn novel names for two sets of novel concepts, one set on each of two consecutive days. Learning is followed by a continuous primed lexical decision task with EEG measures, where newly trained words are targets, and familiar (semantically related or unrelated) words are primes. We predict that response speed, N400 and LPC amplitude in response to the newly trained words will be modulated by prime-target relationship and time after exposure (24h vs. 0h), indexing differences in integration.
From Patients to Policy: Population Intervention Effects in Epidemiology
Creators: name: Westreich, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Interest in implementation science and recent calls for consequentialist epidemiology urge epidemiologists to produce work more immediately applicable to public health practice. A clear vocabulary for such approaches is lacking. Here, we present a potential taxonomy of causal effects, distinguishing between “exposure effects” more relevant to patients and individuals; and “population intervention effects” more relevant to public health policy. We discuss this range of effects using figures and a simple numerical example.
Systematic review of the Thought Suppression literature
Creators: name: Wessel, Ineke
name: Rabe, Leon
name: Yilmaz, Elif
name: Trautmann, Luca
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Thought suppression; Ironic effect; Rebound effect; Meta-analysis

description: This preregistration describes the initial coding / selection of sources for a systematic review and meta analysis of the published literature on the paradoxical effects of thought suppression. The pre-registration will be updated with a detailed plan for the data extraction and the meta-analytic procedures, as well as a quality check of the selected sources. With this review we intend to explore the overall strength of the rebound effect as well as the way that the research is being presented (e.g., indications of selective reporting, publication bias). In addition, we will explore whether the strength and quality of the evidence differs between non-clinical and clinical samples.
Examining Question and Answer Sessions at Conferences
Creators: name: Ebersole, Charles
name: Jarvis, Shoshana
name: Kray, Laura
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: conferences
subject: metascience

description: This registration includes preliminary plans to investigate two more conferences as a part of this project, both of them fully virtual.
Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Regulated and Unregulated Chrysotile Asbestos Fibers
Creators: name: Loomis, Dana
name: Richardson, David B.
name: Dement, John
name: Hamra, Ghassan B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: BACKGROUND: Regulation of asbestos fibers in the workplace is partly determined by which fibers can be visually counted. However, a majority of fibers are too short and thin to count this way and are, consequently, not subject to regulation.

METHODS: We estimate lung cancer risk associated with asbestos fibers of varying length and width. We apply an order-constrained prior both to leverage external information from toxicological studies of asbestos health effects. This prior assumes that risk from asbestos fibers increases with increasing length and decreases with increasing width.

RESULTS: When we apply a shared mean for the effect of all asbestos fiber exposure groups, the rate ratios for each fiber group per unit exposure appear mostly equal. Rate ratio estimates for fibers of diameter <0.25 μm and length <1.5 and 1.5-5.0 μm are the most precise. When applying an order-constrained prior, we find that estimates of lung cancer rate ratio per unit of exposure to unregulated fibers 20-40 and >40 μm in the thinnest fiber group are similar in magnitude to estimates of risk associated with long fibers in the regulated fraction of airborne asbestos fibers. Rate ratio estimates for longer fibers are larger than those for shorter fibers, but thicker and thinner fibers do not differ as the toxicologically derived prior had expected.

CONCLUSION: Credible intervals for fiber size-specific risk estimates overlap; thus, we cannot conclude that there are substantial differences in effect by fiber size. Nonetheless, our results suggest that some unregulated asbestos fibers may be associated with increased incidence of lung cancer.
Geographical psychology beyond the West: Regional Personality Differences in Japan and Their Political, Economic, Social and Health Correlates
Creators: name: Götz, Friedrich
name: Yoshino, Shinya
name: Oshio, Atsushi
name: Shimotsukasa, Tadahiro
name: Rentfrow, Jason
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The current project draws from a large sample to investigate the regional distribution and macro-level political, economic, social and health-related correlates of the Big Five personality traits across the 47 prefectures of Japan. As such it aims to shed light on the cross-cultural generalisability vs specificity of regional personality-outcome-associations beyond the West.
Histone H3 and TORC1 prevent organelle dysfunction and cell death by promoting nuclear retention of HMGB proteins
Creators: name: Workman, Jason J.
name: Laribee, R. Nicholas
name: Chen, Hongfeng
name: Strahl, Brian D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Abstract Background How cells respond and adapt to environmental changes, such as nutrient flux, remains poorly understood. Evolutionarily conserved nutrient signaling cascades can regulate chromatin to contribute to genome regulation and cell adaptation, yet how they do so is only now beginning to be elucidated. In this study, we provide evidence in yeast that the conserved nutrient regulated target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathway, and the histone H3N-terminus at lysine 37 (H3K37), function collaboratively to restrict specific chromatin-binding high mobility group box (HMGB) proteins to the nucleus to maintain cellular homeostasis and viability. Results Reducing TORC1 activity in an H3K37 mutant causes cytoplasmic localization of the HMGB Nhp6a, organelle dysfunction, and both non-traditional apoptosis and necrosis. Surprisingly, under nutrient-rich conditions the H3K37 mutation increases basal TORC1 signaling. This effect is prevented by individual deletion of the genes encoding HMGBs whose cytoplasmic localization increases when TORC1 activity is repressed. This increased TORC1 signaling also can be replicated in cells by overexpressing the same HMGBs, thus demonstrating a direct and unexpected role for HMGBs in modulating TORC1 activity. The physiological consequence of impaired HMGB nuclear localization is an increased dependence on TORC1 signaling to maintain viability, an effect that ultimately reduces the chronological longevity of H3K37 mutant cells under limiting nutrient conditions. Conclusions TORC1 and histone H3 collaborate to retain HMGBs within the nucleus to maintain cell homeostasis and promote longevity. As TORC1, HMGBs, and H3 are evolutionarily conserved, our study suggests that functional interactions between the TORC1 pathway and histone H3 in metazoans may play a similar role in the maintenance of homeostasis and aging regulation.
Brunia microphylla Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Brunia
Brunia microphylla

description: Brunia microphylla Thunb., Prodr. Pl. Cap.: 187. 1800 ≡ Raspalia microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn. in Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) 8: 378. 1826; PillansinJ. S. African Bot. 13: 149. 1947 – Type: e Cap. bon. Spei, sinecoll. [= Masson] (UPSsheet 5744, holo – microfiche!).
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1150, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Brunia phylicoides Thunb.
Creators: name: Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine
name: Oliver, Edward G. H.
name: Hall, Anthony V.
name: Quint, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Bruniales
Bruniaceae
Brunia
Brunia phylicoides

description: Brunia phylicoides Thunb. in Phytogr. Blätt. 1: 18. 1803; Powrie in J. S. African Bot. 35: 335. 1969 ≡ Raspalia phylicoides (Thunb.) Arn. in J. Bot. (Hooker) 3: 260. 1841; Pillans in J. S. African Bot. 13: 158. 1947 – Type: sine loc., sine coll. [= Thunberg] (UPS-sheet 5747, holo – microfiche!).
description: Published as part of Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, pp. 1138-1155 in TAXON 60 (4) on page 1151, DOI: 10.1002/tax.604016, http://zenodo.org/record/7590433
Systematic Review of Horizontal Inequalities in Education in India
Creators: name: Menon, Abhishegh
name: Langer, Arnim
name: Meuleman, Bart
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Affirmative Action
subject: Caste
subject: Education
subject: Equity
subject: Horizontal Inequality
subject: India
subject: Marginalization
subject: Minorities
subject: Reservation
subject: Social Stratification
subject: Systematic Review

description: This systematic review aims to analyze all published literature on inequalities or gaps in educational access or attainment between different socio-cultural groups in India.
Effects of prenatal exposure to endocrine disruptors and toxic metals on the fetal epigenome
Creators: name: Bommarito, Paige A
name: Fry, Rebecca C
name: Martin, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Exposure to environmental contaminants during pregnancy has been linked to adverse outcomes at birth and later in life. The link between prenatal exposures and latent health outcomes suggests that these exposures may result in long-term epigenetic reprogramming. Toxic metals and endocrine disruptors are two major classes of contaminants that are ubiquitously present in the environment and represent threats to human health. In this review, we present evidence that prenatal exposures to these contaminants result in fetal epigenomic changes, including altered global DNA methylation, gene-specific CpG methylation and microRNA expression. Importantly, these changes may have functional cellular consequences, impacting health outcomes later in life. Therefore, these epigenetic changes represent a critical mechanism that warrants further study.
Ein Votum für das Dreiparteiensystem?
Creators: name: Eltermann, Ludolf K.
name: Gluchowski, Peter
name: Jung, Helmut
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 32 Nr. 11 (1978): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 32, Heft 11
Kibble-Zurek dynamics in an array of coupled binary Bose condensates
Creators: name: Xu, Jun
name: Wu, Shuyuan
name: Qin, Xizhou
name: Huang, Jiahao
name: Ke, Yongguan
name: Zhong, Honghua
name: Lee, Chaohong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Universal dynamics of spontaneous symmetry breaking is central to understanding the universal behavior of spontaneous defect formation in various system from the early universe, condensed-matter systems to ultracold atomic systems. We explore the universal real-time dynamics in an array of coupled binary atomic Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices, which undergo a spontaneous symmetry breaking from the symmetric Rabi oscillation to the broken-symmetry self-trapping. In addition to Goldstone modes, there exist gapped Higgs mode whose excitation gap vanishes at the critical point. In the slow passage through the critical point, we analytically find that the symmetry-breaking dynamics obeys the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. From the scalings of bifurcation delay and domain formation, we numerically extract two Kibble-Zurek exponents $b_{1}=ν/(1+νz)$ and $b_{2}=1/(1+νz)$, which give the static correlation-length critical exponent $ν$ and the dynamic critical exponent $z$. Our approach provides an efficient way to simultaneous determination of the critical exponents $ν$ and $z$ for a continuous phase transition.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in EPL (Europhysics Letters)
Sexual epigenetic dimorphism in the human placenta: implications for susceptibility during the prenatal period
Creators: name: Boggess, Kim
name: Fry, Rebecca C
name: Marsit, Carmen J
name: Kuban, Karl
name: Karagas, Margaret R
name: Smeester, Lisa
name: Martin, Elizabeth
name: Grace, Matthew R
name: O'Shea, T Michael
name: Bommarito, Paige A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Sex-based differences in response to adverse prenatal environments and infant outcomes have been observed, yet the underlying mechanisms for this are unclear. The placental epigenome may be a driver of these differences.
A good universal weight for nonconventional ergodic averages in norm
Creators: name: Moore, Ryo
name: Assani, Idris
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: We will show that the sequence appearing in the double recurrence theorem is a good universal weight for the Furstenberg averages. That is, given a system $(X,{\mathcal{F}},\unicode[STIX]{x1D707},T)$ and bounded functions $f_{1},f_{2}\in L^{\infty }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D707})$ , there exists a set of full-measure $X_{f_{1},f_{2}}$ in $X$ that is independent of integers $a$ and $b$ and a positive integer $k$ such that, for all $x\in X_{f_{1},f_{2}}$ , for every other measure-preserving system $(Y,{\mathcal{G}},\unicode[STIX]{x1D708},S)$ and for each bounded and measurable function $g_{1},\ldots ,g_{k}\in L^{\infty }(\unicode[STIX]{x1D708})$ , the averages $$\begin{eqnarray}\frac{1}{N}\mathop{\sum }_{n=1}^{N}f_{1}(T^{an}x)f_{2}(T^{bn}x)g_{1}\circ S^{n}g_{2}\circ S^{2n}\cdots g_{k}\circ S^{kn}\end{eqnarray}$$ converge in $L^{2}(\unicode[STIX]{x1D708})$ .
Discovery of a Highly Polarized Optical Microflare in the Blazar S5 0716+714 During 2014 WEBT Campaign
Creators: name: Bhatta, Gopal
name: Goyal, Arti
name: Ostrowski, Michal
name: Stawarz, Łukasz
name: Arkharov, A. A.
name: Akitaya, Hiroshi
name: Bachev, Rumen
name: Benítez, Erika
name: Borman, G. A.
name: Carosati, Daniele
name: Cason, Andy
name: Damljanovic, Goran
name: Dhalla, Sarah
name: Frasca, Antonio
name: Hiriart, David
name: Hu, Shao Ming
name: Itoh, Ryosuke
name: Jableka, Damian
name: Jorstad, Svetlana
name: Kawabata, Koji
name: Klimanov, Sergey
name: Kurtanidze, Omar
name: Larionov, Valeri
name: Laurence, Douglas
name: Leto, Giuseppe
name: Markowitz, Alex
name: Marscher, Alan P.
name: Moody, J.
name: Moritani, Yuki
name: Ohlert, Johannes
name: Di Paola, Andrea
name: Raiteri, Claudia M.
name: Rizzi, Nicola
name: Sadun, Alberto
name: Sasada, Mahito
name: Sergeev, Sergey G
name: Strigachev, Anton
name: Takaki, Katsutoshi
name: Troitsky, Ivan
name: Ui, Takahiro
name: Villata, Massimo
name: Vince, Oliver
name: Webb, James
name: Yoshida, Michitoshi
name: Zola, Staszek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The occurrence of low-amplitude flux variations in blazars on hourly timescales, commonly known as microvariability, is still a widely debated subject in high-energy astrophysics. Several competing scenarios have been proposed to explain such occurrences, including various jet plasma instabilities leading to the formation of shocks, magnetic reconnection sites, and turbulence. In this letter we present the results of our detailed investigation of a prominent, five-hour-long optical microflare detected during recent WEBT campaign in 2014, March 2-6 targeting the blazar 0716+714. After separating the flaring component from the underlying base emission continuum of the blazar, we find that the microflare is highly polarized, with the polarization degree $\sim (40-60)\%$$\pm (2-10)\%$, and the electric vector position angle $\sim (10 - 20)$deg$\pm (1-8)$deg slightly misaligned with respect to the position angle of the radio jet. The microflare evolution in the $(Q,\,U)$ Stokes parameter space exhibits a looping behavior with a counter-clockwise rotation, meaning polarization degree decreasing with the flux (but higher in the flux decaying phase), and approximately stable polarization angle. The overall very high polarization degree of the flare, its symmetric flux rise and decay profiles, and also its structured evolution in the $Q-U$ plane, all imply that the observed flux variation corresponds to a single emission region characterized by a highly ordered magnetic field. As discussed in the paper, a small-scale but strong shock propagating within the outflow, and compressing a disordered magnetic field component, provides a natural, though not unique, interpretation of our findings.
description: 9 pages, 4 Figures, ApJ Letter accepted
Toroidal dipole excitations in metamolecules formed by interacting plasmonic nanorods
Creators: name: Watson, Derek W.
name: Jenkins, Stewart D.
name: Ruostekoski, Janne
name: Fedotov, Vassili A.
name: Zheludev, Nikolay I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how the elusive toroidal dipole moment appears as a radiative excitation eigenmode in a metamolecule resonator that is formed by pairs of plasmonic nanorods. We analyze one such nanorod configuration - a toroidal metamolecule. We find that the radiative interactions in the toroidal metamolecule can be qualitatively represented by a theoretical model based on an electric point dipole arrangement. Both a finite-size rod model and the point dipole approximation demonstrate how the toroidal dipole moment is subradiant and difficult to excite by incident light. By means of breaking the geometric symmetry of the metamolecule, the toroidal mode can be excited by linearly polarized light and appears as a Fano resonance dip in the forward scattered light. We provide simple optimization protocols for maximizing the toroidal dipole mode excitation. This opens up possibilities for simplified control and driving of metamaterial arrays consisting of toroidal dipole unit-cell resonators.
description: to appear in PRB
Dynamical properties of some adic systems with arbitrary orderings
Creators: name: Petersen, Karl
name: Frick, Sarah
name: Shields, Sandi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: We consider arbitrary orderings of the edges entering each vertex of the (downward directed) Pascal graph. Each ordering determines an adic (Bratteli–Vershik) system, with a transformation that is defined on most of the space of infinite paths that begin at the root. We prove that for every ordering the coding of orbits according to the partition of the path space determined by the first three edges is essentially faithful, meaning that it is one-to-one on a set of paths that has full measure for every fully supported invariant probability measure. We also show that for every $k$ the subshift that arises from coding orbits according to the first $k$ edges is topologically weakly mixing. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for any adic system to be topologically conjugate to an odometer and use this condition to determine the probability that a random order on a fixed diagram, or a diagram constructed at random in some way, is topologically conjugate to an odometer. We also show that the closure of the union over all orderings of the subshifts arising from codings of the Pascal adic by the first edge has superpolynomial complexity, is not topologically transitive, and has no periodic points besides the two fixed points, while the intersection over all orderings consists of just four orbits.
Absorption-based Quantum Communication with NV centres
Creators: name: Scharfenberger, Burkhard
name: Kosaka, Hideo
name: Munro, William J.
name: Nemoto, Kae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for performing an entanglement-swapping operation within a quantum communications hub (a Bell like measurement) using an NV centre's $|\pm 1\rangle \leftrightarrow | A_2 \rangle$ optical transition. This is based on the heralded absorption of a photon resonant with that transition. The quantum efficiency of a single photon absorption is low but can be improved by placing the NV center inside a micro cavity to boost the interaction time and further by recycling the leaked photon back into the cavity after flipping its phase and/or polarisation. Throughout this process, the NV is repeatedly monitored via a QND measurement that heralds whether or not the photon absorption has succeeded. Upon success we know a destructive Bell measurement has occurred between that photon and NV center. Given low losses and a high per-pass absorption probability, this scheme allows the total success probability to approach unity. With long electron spin coherence times possible at low temperatures, this component could be useful within a memory-based quantum repeater or relay.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
One-dimensional hyperbolic transport: positivity and admissible boundary conditions derived from the wave formulation
Creators: name: Brasiello, Antonio
name: Crescitelli, Silvestro
name: Giona, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the one-dimensional Cattaneo equation for transport of scalar fields such as solute concentration and temperature in mass and heat transport problems, respectively. Although the Cattaneo equation admits a stochastic interpretation - at least in the one-dimensional case - negative concentration values can occur in boundary-value problems on a finite interval. This phenomenon stems from the probabilistic nature of this model: the stochastic interpretation provides constraints on the admissible boundary conditions, as can be deduced from the wave formulation here presented. Moreover, as here shown, energetic inequalities and the dissipative nature of the equation provide an alternative way to derive the same constraints on the boundary conditions derived by enforcing positivity. The analysis reported is also extended to transport problems in the presence of a biasing velocity field. Several general conclusions are drawn from this analysis that could be extended to the higher-dimensional case.