Calyria xiphion Sanborn 2020, n. sp.
Creators: name: Sanborn, Allen F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Calyria
Calyria xiphion

description: Calyria xiphion n. sp.
(Fig. 3)
TYPE MATERIAL.— Holotype. “1713EcuadorOrellana / Erwin Transect / Onkone Gare Camp / Reserva Etnica Waorani // 00 39’ 25.7”S 076 27’10.8”W / 2.x.96 T. L. Erwin et al / Fogging terre firme forest” one male (UDCC).
ETYMOLOGY. The name is in reference to the sword-like extension of the upper pygofer lobe (Gr. xiphion, dim. sword) characteristic of males in this new species.
REMARKS. The five hind wing apical cells, the inflated abdomen with dorsal ridge, the sword-like extension of the upper pygofer lobe, and the opercula characteristic of most species of the genus quickly distinguish this small species from other Ecuadorian cicadas.
DESCRIPTION
Ground color of head and thorax tawny marked with castaneous and piceous, abdomen ochraceous.
Head
Head slightly wider than mesonotum, piceous spot on vertex anterolateral to lateral ocelli crossing anterior arm of epicranial suture onto frons, piceous surrounding posterior of median ocellus, sparse, short golden pile on dorsum, longer posterior to eye. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes castaneous. Ventral head tawny, piceous spot on gena extending across suture to anteromedial lorum along postclypeus, with short golden pile and long white pile posterolaterally. Postclypeus tawny dorsum and ventral margin, dark castaneous on flattened ventral side laterally within central sulcus and transverse grooves, central sulcus bordered by a thin carina, dorsal surface with short, angled castaneous fasciae on either side of midline. Postclypeus with seven transverse grooves. Anteclypeus tawny. Rostrum tawny with castaneous tip margined with piceous laterally, long silvery pile on tip, reaching to middle of hind coxae. Proximal scape tawny, remaining antennal segments castaneous.
Thorax
Dorsal thorax tawny. Prothorax with ochraceous midline, anterior margin and pronotal collar, castaneous fascia on either side of midline expanding anterolaterally into triangular mark and curving posterolaterally anterior to ambient fissure, short golden pile on disk and in fissures. Mesonotum tawny with castaneous submedian sigillae, castaneous mottling in lateral sigillae, cruciform elevation ochraceous with castaneous fascia on anterior midline, wing groove and posterior margin ochraceous. Metanotum ochraceous with castaneous marks on anterolateral corner and posterolateral margin. Golden pile on mesonotum on disk, denser laterally, in wing groove, and on posterior metanotum. Ventral thoracic segments ochraceous laterally, castaneous medially, katepimeron 2 with dense castaneous pile laterally, with short golden pile, long golden pile radiating from anepisternum 2 and katepisternum 2.
Wings
Fore wings and hind wings hyaline with eight and five apical cells respectively. Venation castaneous, except ochraceous costa and radius & subcostal vein to node and proximal cubitus posterior + anal vein 1, anal vein 2 + 3 with piceous posterior margin. Basal cell hyaline. Infuscation on distal end of apical cell 1 extending across distal radius anterior 2 and across ambient vein to wing margin apex. Basal membrane of fore wing gray with darker posterior margin. Venation of hind wing castaneous, anal vein 3 with curved terminus, about one-third as long as anal vein 2. Anal cell 3 grayish proximally, margined with infuscation, infuscation in anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3.
Legs
Legs tawny, distal coxae with red mark, femora striped with red, distal pretarsi castaneous, tarsal claws tawny proximally with castaneous tips. Fore femora with four angled castaneous spines, spines become smaller and less erect distally, primary spine straight, secondary, tertiary and apical spines curved. Tibial spurs and tibial combs castaneous. Male meracanthus tawny, pointed, curved mediad, extending to posterior margin of sternite I.
Opercula
Male operculum ochraceous, darkened at base, with short lateral extension, lateral margin straight at base, curving posterior margin to rounded medial margin and curving anteromedial margin, reaching medially to swelling of sternite I, posteriorly less than half the distance of the tympanal cavity, covered with short, golden pile.
Abdomen
Abdominal tergites ochraceous except castaneous mark on posterolateral margin on tergite 1 bordering timbal cavity, tergites with short, golden pile. Timbal exposed, white with 10 long, castaneous ribs. Male sternites and epipleurites ochraceous with golden pile, sternite VII with transverse posterior margin, sternite VIII ochraceous, elongated with notched transverse posterior margin. Posterior reflexed epipleurites forming a channel along the sternites.
Genitalia
Male pygofer ochraceous, dorsal beak absent, anal styles castaneous. Distal shoulder extending to half the length of anal styles, curving to form an approximate right angle ventroposteriorly connecting to transverse distal pygofer. Pygofer basal lobe thin, small, extending from pygofer margin as small plate bent mediad, about onequarter length of, forming a ridge along ventral pygofer radiating long golden pile. Upper pygofer lobes elongated, flattened, sword-like, oriented posteriorly and meeting along midline, terminating with a slight dorsal curve and point. Claspers castaneous, thick at base, meeting along midline with semicircular margin, terminating with a later- ally curved spine. Aedeagus castaneous with terminal membrane and distal spine-like appendages (one broken in holotype).
MEASUREMENTS (MM).—N = one male. Length of body: male 11.15; length of fore wing: 13.55; width of fore wing: 5.30; length of head: 1.55; width of head including eyes: 3.50; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 3.90; width of mesonotum: 3.40.
DIAGNOSIS.—This new species can be distinguished from C. jacobii, C. minutopercula, C. telifera and C. chaetoacontia n. sp. by the shape of the pygofer and the very small opercula found in those species. This new species can be distinguished from C. stigma (Walker, 1850) by the lack of an apical spot on the fore wing and the piceous markings within the pronotal fissures and mesothoracic piceous markings found in C. stigma. The new species can be distinguished from C. cuna (Walker, 1850) by the piceous spots on the head and parallel longitudinal fascia on either side of the pronotal midline in the new species lacking in that species and from C. mogannoides Jacobi 1907a by the lateral abdomen tapering straight to the posterior rather than curving and producing a rounded abdomen, and by the lack of piceous spots on the head and parallel longitudinal fascia on either side of the midline that are found in the new species. Finally, the piceous body marked with ferruginous and the hook-like upper pygofer lobe quickly distinguish C. uncinata Sanborn, 2020c.
It can be distinguished quickly from C. chaetoacontia n. sp. by the three spots on the dorsal head, the lack of spots on the dorsal postclypeus, the contrasting color of the ventral postclypeus, the ochraceous markings on the pronotum, the ochraceous abdomen, the large male opercula, the shape of the upper pygofer lobe and the lack of multiple spine-like appendages on the aedeagus. Both species were collected in the same locality.
The only other species of Calyria currently known from Ecuador is C. fenestrata. The new species can be distinguished from C. fenestrata by the lack of an apical spot on the fore wing of this species along with the ferruginous coloration of C. fenestrata.
DISTRIBUTION.—The new species is known only from the type locality in the Reserva Etnica Waorani, Orellana Province, Ecuador.
description: Published as part of Sanborn, Allen F., 2020, The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of Ecuador including the description of five new species, a new subtribe, four new synonymies, and fifteen new records, pp. 1-80 in Zootaxa 4880 (1) on pages 40-42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4880.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4425522