cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1945-05-17)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1945
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Trends of colorectal cancer incidence by education and socioeconomic status in Finland
Creators: name: Savijärvi, Saana
name: Seppä, Karri
name: Malila, Nea
name: Pitkäniemi, Janne
name: Heikkinen, Sanna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Background: The aim of this study was to investigate if the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with education and socioeconomic status (SES) in Finland, and if there are any changes in incidence differences between the groups over the period 1976–2014. Material and methods: CRC cases (N = 77,614) were retrieved from the Finnish Cancer Registry and linked with information on the education level and SES from Statistics Finland. We used Poisson regression model to quantify differences in incidence rates between the groups, and to assess changes over calendar time. Results and conclusions: Colon cancer incidence was higher among the highly educated, than in those with basic education. Similar differences were observed by SES in men. Incidence rates increased steeply over time among men with basic education (from 16.7/100,000 in 1976–1979 to 31.8 in 2010–2014), resulting in narrowed differences between the groups (p p = .009). No such large differences were detected in women. Steep increase in colon cancer incidence in men with basic education, and the respective persistent high incidence in the highly educated highlights the importance of focusing the preventive measures on modifiable lifestyle factors in order to reduce CRC incidence and to narrow the educational and socioeconomic health differences.
Finite-temperature degenerate perturbation theory for bosons in optical lattices
Creators: name: Sant'Ana, Felipe Taha
name: Pelster, Axel
name: Santos, Francisco Ednilson Alves dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bosonic atoms confined in optical lattices can exist in two different phases, Mott-insulator and superfluid, depending on the strength of the system parameters, such as the on-site interaction between particles and the hopping parameter. This work is motivated by the fact that non-degenerate perturbation theory applied to the mean-field approximation of the Bose-Hubbard Hamiltonian at zero and finite temperature fails to give consistent results in the vicinity of the Mott-insulator-superfluid phase transition, e.g., the order parameter calculated via non-degenerate perturbation theory reveals an unphysical behavior between neighboring Mott lobes, which is an explicit consequence of degeneracy problems that artificially arise from such a treatment. Therefore, in order to fix this problem, we propose a finite-temperature degenerate perturbation theory approach based on a projection operator formalism which ends up solving such degeneracy problems in order to obtain physically consistent results for the order parameter near the phase transition.
Hoplismenus pica W ESMAEL 1855
Creators: name: Riedel, Matthias
name: Diller, Erich
name: Japoshvili, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Hoplismenus
Hoplismenus pica

description: Hoplismenus pica W ESMAEL, 1855
M a t e r i a l: H 1: 1♀ 12-23.IV, 1♀ 5-15.V.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Palaearctic region, new for Georgia and the Caucasus region.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Matthias, Diller, Erich & Japoshvili, George, 2018, The Ichneumonid fauna (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Lagodekhi Reserve, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1447-1507 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 1479, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5275090
“АВЕСТО”ДА ҲУҚУҚИЙ ҚАРАШЛАР
Creators: name: Асқар Сапаров
name: Бердияр Сапаров
name: Равшан Икрамов
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: Авесто
Зардушт
Аҳура Мазда
Вандидод
Гоҳлар
Ясна
ҳуқуқий маданият
тарбия
ер
сув
қонун
жиноят
жазо

description: Мақолада қадимий аждодларимизнинг ҳуқуқ ва бурчлари тўғрисида буюк маънавий меросимиз “Авесто”да илгари сурилган фикрлар ҳақида сўз юритилади.
Latupusillus laculatus Opitz 2017, new species
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Latupusillus
Latupusillus laculatus

description: Latupusillus laculatus Opitz, new species  (Figs. 9, 26, 32, 37)
 Type Material. Holotype: ♀. MOZAMBIQUE, Sofala Pro. 30 km S. Caia (Catapu), 18.02 S – 35.12 E. A second label reads: 4.12.2006, E-Y: 3742, light trap, leg. Gussmann, Müller (TMSA). Paratypes: 2 specimens. MOZAMBIQUE, Sofala Pro. 30 km S. Caia (Catapu), 18°02  ′  S 35°12  ′  E., 4.12.2006, E-Y: 3742, light trap, Gussmann & Müller (TMSA, 1; WOPC, 1).
 Diagnosis. This species is readily identified by its elytral color (Fig. 32).
 Description. Size: Length 4.0 mm; width 2.0 mm. Form: As in Fig. 32. Color: Cranium castaneous; antennae and mouthparts testaceous except mandibles black; prothorax castaneous, pterothoracic venter and mesoscutellum castaneous; elytra bicolored, basal 1/4 black, middle region testaceous and apical region mostly black, but with 2 large testaceous maculae proximate to sutural margin; legs testaceous; abdomen castaneous. Head: Antennal capitulum (Fig. 9) small, capitular antennomeres transverse, capitulum shorter than combined length of funicular antennomeres, antennomere 11 suboval; maxillary and labial terminal palpomeres subsecuriform; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/ FW = 15/30). Thorax: Pronotum transverse (PW/ PL = 80/60), lateral margins evenly arcuate, disc vested profusely with minute, setiferous punctation; asetiferous elytral punctation shallow,punctures aseriate and distributed throughout disc, interstitial spaces smooth and shiny. Abdomen: Pygidium scutiform.
 Variation: Size: Length 3.5–4.0 mm; width 1.5–2.0 mm. Except for size, the type specimens are quite homogeneous.
 Natural History. The type specimens were collected during December in a light trap.
 Distribution. This species is known only from the type locality in Mozambique (Fig. 37).
 Etymology. The specific epithet laculatus is a Latin adjective meaning “checkered”. The name describes the coloration of the elytral disc.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2017, Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Orthopleurinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part VI. The New Genera Coadnatus Opitz, Furcadia Opitz, and Latupusillus Opitz, One New Species of Funicula Opitz, and Four New Species of Romanaeclerus Winkler, pp. 421-433 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.3.421, http://zenodo.org/record/5376554
[Ensemble de documents officiels liés à l’activité de l’autrice]
Creators: name: Plusieurs Auteurs
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: Documents officiels

description: Ensemble de documents liés à l’activité professionnelle de l’autrice : carte professionnelle SACD, certificat de travail (Les Lettres Nouvelles), attestation d’activité d’écrivain (Commissions de la Professionnalité), certificat de collaboration au journal Heraldo de Aragón et certificat de participation au Congrès International Pedro García Cabrera.
description: Conjunto de documentos relacionados con la actividad profesional de la autora: tarjeta profesional SACD, certificado de trabajo (Les Lettres Nouvelles), atestado de actividad de escritor (Comisiones de la Profesionalidad), certificado de colaboración en el diario Heraldo de Aragón, Certificado de participación en el Congreso Internacional Pedro García Cabrera.
description: Source: NT-AD3-1
description: Source: Localisation du document : Centre de Recherches Latino-Américaines (CRLA–Archivos, ITEM UMR8132). MSHS - Bât. A5, 1er étage 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre - TSA21103. 86073 Poitiers cedex 9.
description: created: 1970/2005
Aspherical galaxy clusters: effects on cluster masses and gas mass fractions
Creators: name: Piffaretti, Rocco
name: Jetzer, Philippe
name: Schindler, Sabine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an investigation of the effects of asphericity on the estimates of total mass and gas mass fraction in galaxy clusters from X-ray observations. We model the aspherical shape of galaxy clusters by a triaxial model and compare the true total mass and the true total gas mass fraction with the corresponding quantities obtained with the assumption of spherical symmetry. In the triaxial model we allow the extent along the line of sight to vary in order to describe elongated and compressed cluster shapes. Using a sample of 10 ROSAT clusters and a recent CHANDRA observation we find the following results. For prolate or oblate shapes the difference between triaxial and spherical model both in the mass and in the gas mass fraction are negligible (less than 3 %). For more aspherical shapes the total mass is underestimated (overestimated) in the centre, if the cluster is compressed (elongated). The gas mass fraction is overestimated for compressed clusters and slightly underestimated for elongated clusters. Comparing X-ray masses with gravitational lensing estimates, we find that elongations along the line of sight can resolve discrepancies of masses determined by the two different methods of up to ~30 %. The combination of Sunyaev-Zel'dovich and X-ray observations is useful to measure the elongation of the cluster along the line of sight. As an application, we estimate the elongation of the cluster CL0016+16 with two different approaches, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich measurements and comparison of weak lensing and X-ray masses, and find reasonable agreement.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 9 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 5 of Estimation of scabies prevalence using simplified criteria and mapping procedures in three Pacific and southeast Asian countries
Creators: name: Tsoi, Shu Ki
name: Lake, Susanna J.
name: Thean, Li Jun
name: Matthews, Alexander
name: Sokana, Oliver
name: Kama, Mike
name: Amaral, Salvador
name: Romani, Lucia
name: Whitfeld, Margot
name: Francis, Joshua R.
name: Vaz Nery, Susana
name: Marks, Michael
name: Kaldor, John M.
name: Steer, Andrew C.
name: Engelman, Daniel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Mental Health
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Fig. S1. Study flow diagram outlining number of participants recruited in study by country.
On Decoupling of Massless Modes in NCOS Theories
Creators: name: Hyun, Seungjoon
name: Lee, Sangmin
name: Shin, Hyeonjoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the decoupling phenomenon of massless modes in the noncommutative open string (NCOS) theories. We check the decoupling by explicit computation in (2+1) or higher dimensional NCOS theories and recapitulate the validity of the decoupling to all orders in perturbation theory.
description: 12 pages, latex2e, 2 figures; reference added, some modification without changing result
A Comment on the K-theory Meaning of the Topology of Gauge Fixing
Creators: name: Gomez, Cesar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the recently discovered K-theory description of D-branes in string theory a K-theory interpretation of the topology of gauge conditions for four dimensional gauge theories, in particular 't Hooft abelian projection, is presented. The interpretation of the dyon effect in terms of K^{-1} is also discussed. In the context of type IIA strings, D-p branes are also interpreted as gauge fixing singularities.
description: 11 pages
ПРЕДМЕТ И ЗАДАЧИ МЕТОДИКИ ОБУЧЕНИЯ РУССКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ В НАЧАЛЬНЫХ КЛАССАХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ШКОЛЫ
Creators: name: Тахмина Тохировна Мансурова
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: профессионализм педагога
профессиональной подготовки учителей
кардинальные изменения
преподавательского движения
выход к общественной и социальной практике
недостаток настоящих познаний
развивать умственные способности.

description: Современные педагогические преобразования акцентируют внимание на создание условий для профессиональной подготовки учителей, основанной на учительском росте. Наибольшую отдачу теоретические знания приносят только в том случае, если они внедряются в рамках образовательного процесса. Улучшение, повышение своей квалификации по вопросам преподавания русскому языку как неродному осуществимо только при условии, если педагог начальных классов непосредственно сам будет заинтересован в учительском росте и минимизировании имеющихся профессиональных недостатков
Romanaeclerus Winkler. Eight 1961
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Romanaeclerus

description: Romanaeclerus Winkler, 1961
 Type Species. Corynetes rufus Kraatz, 1899: 107. By monotypy.
 Diagnosis. The bifid setae on the apex of the tibiae and partially serrate condition of the antenna will distinguish the members of this genus from any others within Orthopleurinae.
 Description. This genus was recently redescribed and illustrated by Opitz (2009b). The tibial spur formula has been problematic in this genus. It was reported as 0-0-0 in Opitz (2009a) and 2-2- 2 in Opitz (2009b). The correct tibial spur formula for Romanaeclerus is 2-2-1.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2017, Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Orthopleurinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part VI. The New Genera Coadnatus Opitz, Furcadia Opitz, and Latupusillus Opitz, One New Species of Funicula Opitz, and Four New Species of Romanaeclerus Winkler, pp. 421-433 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (3) on page 430, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.3.421, http://zenodo.org/record/5376554
Ichneumon deliratorius LINNAEUS 1758
Creators: name: Riedel, Matthias
name: Diller, Erich
name: Japoshvili, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Ichneumon
Ichneumon deliratorius

description: Ichneumon deliratorius LINNAEUS, 1758
M a t e r i a l: H 3: 1♀ 15-25. V; H 4-5: 1♂ 15-27.IX.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Palaearctic region, known from the Caucasus region (RASNITSYN & SIYTAN 1981), new for Georgia.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Matthias, Diller, Erich & Japoshvili, George, 2018, The Ichneumonid fauna (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Lagodekhi Reserve, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1447-1507 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 1480, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5275090
Proceedings Twelfth Workshop on Developments in Computational Models and Ninth Workshop on Intersection Types and Related Systems
Creators: name: Pagani, Michele
name: Alves, Sandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This volume contains a final and revised selection of papers presented at Twelfth Workshop on Developments in Computational Models (DCM 2018) and the Ninth Workshop on Intersection Types and Related Systems (ITRS 2018), held on July 8, 2018 in Oxford, in affiliation with FLOC 2018.
[Contrats d’édition et de prestations, Droits d’auteur, Bourses]
Creators: name: Plusieurs Auteurs
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025
Subjects: Éditions
Droits d’auteur et de traduction

description: Contrats d’édition et de traduction, documents relatifs aux versements de droits d’auteurs et dossier de bourses d’écriture.
description: Contratos de edición y traducción, documentos relativos a los pagos de derechos de autor y expediente de becas de escritura.
description: Source: NT-AD3-3
description: Source: Localisation du document : Centre de Recherches Latino-Américaines (CRLA–Archivos, ITEM UMR8132). MSHS - Bât. A5, 1er étage 5 rue Théodore Lefebvre - TSA21103. 86073 Poitiers cedex 9.
description: created: 1969/2012
Sowing time for soybean
Creators: name: Rittler, Leopold
name: Bykova, Olga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Timely sowing is important for successful soybean production. Timely sowing gives the best combination of cultivar, the length of daylight (latitude and calendar date), soil temperature and moisture at planting depth. This enables rapid development and growth of young plants before floral induction, providing the foundation of high yields. This practice note is about identifying the optimum sowing date in each situation.
BioPepDB: an integrated data platform for food-derived bioactive peptides
Creators: name: Li, Qilin
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Chen, Hongjun
name: Xue, Jitong
name: Guo, Xiaolei
name: Liang, Ming
name: Chen, Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified

description: Food-derived bioactive peptides play critical roles in regulating most biological processes and have considerable biological, medical and industrial importance. However, a large number of active peptides data, including sequence, function, source, commercial product information, references and other information are poorly integrated. BioPepDB is a searchable database of food-derived bioactive peptides and their related articles, including more than four thousand bioactive peptide entries. Moreover, BioPepDB provides modules of prediction and hydrolysis-simulation for discovering novel peptides. It can serve as a reference database to investigate the function of different bioactive peptides. BioPepDB is available at http://bis.zju.edu.cn/biopepdbr/. The web page utilises Apache, PHP5 and MySQL to provide the user interface for accessing the database and predict novel peptides. The database itself is operated on a specialised server.
Potentials and distribution functions to be used for dynamical modeling with GAIA-like data
Creators: name: Famaey, B.
name: Dejonghe, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new tools to establish axisymmetric equilibrium models of the Milky Way. The models we wish to establish are pairs (V,F) where V is the gravitational potential generated by the whole mass distribution including the dark matter, and F is the distribution function in phase space for late-type tracer stars. We present a set of Stackel potentials that fit some fundamental parameters of the Milky Way (mass density in the solar neighbourhood and Oort constants). Then we define new component distribution functions that can be combined with these potentials in order to reproduce kinematical data like those that will be provided by GAIA.
description: 2 pages, 2 figures, Proceeding of Les Houches summer school to appear in J.PhysIV France
An Improved FPTAS for 0-1 Knapsack
Creators: name: Jin, Ce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The 0-1 knapsack problem is an important NP-hard problem that admits fully polynomial-time approximation schemes (FPTASs). Previously the fastest FPTAS by Chan (2018) with approximation factor $1+\varepsilon$ runs in $\tilde O(n + (1/\varepsilon)^{12/5})$ time, where $\tilde O$ hides polylogarithmic factors. In this paper we present an improved algorithm in $\tilde O(n+(1/\varepsilon)^{9/4})$ time, with only a $(1/\varepsilon)^{1/4}$ gap from the quadratic conditional lower bound based on $(\min,+)$-convolution. Our improvement comes from a multi-level extension of Chan's number-theoretic construction, and a greedy lemma that reduces unnecessary computation spent on cheap items.
description: To appear at ICALP'19
Boundary scattering, symmetric spaces and the principal chiral model on the half-line
Creators: name: MacKay, N. J.
name: Short, B. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate integrable boundary conditions (BCs) for the principal chiral model on the half-line, and rational solutions of the boundary Yang-Baxter equation (BYBE). In each case we find a connection with (type I, Riemannian, globally) symmetric spaces G/H: there is a class of integrable BCs in which the boundary field is restricted to lie in a coset of H; these BCs are parametrized by G/H x G/H; there are rational solutions of the BYBE in the defining representations of all classical G parametrized by G/H; and using these we propose boundary S-matrices for the principal chiral model, parametrized by G/H x G/H, which correspond to our boundary conditions.
description: 52 pages; v3 corrects an error in the statement of crossing-unitarity, allowing greater freedom in some reflection matrices
MOESM1 of Serum GP73 predicts posthepatectomy outcomes in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Creators: name: Ke, Meng-yun
name: Wu, Xiao-ning
name: Zhang, Yao
name: Wang, Saisai
name: Lv, Yi
name: Dong, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Receiver Operating Characteristic Analysis of Noninvasive Markers in Diagnosing Liver Cirrhosis.
Supplemental tables for Kwee et al, MiRNA association with OPN and NT-proBNP in NSTE-ACS
Creators: name: Kwee, Lydia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cardiology

description: Supplemental tables for Kwee et al.: MiRNA association with OPN and NT-proBNP in NSTE-ACS
Romanaeclerus dimidius Opitz 2017, new species
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Romanaeclerus
Romanaeclerus dimidius

description: Romanaeclerus dimidius Opitz, new species  (Figs. 6, 27, 33, 37)
 Type Material. Holotype: ♀. ZAMBIA NW, 15 km E of Solwezi, 17.10.2018, Lgt. Snižek (RGCM).
 Diagnosis. The members of this species are very similar to those of Romanaeclerus caligoapiculus Opitz, but specimens of R. dimidius do not have a black macula on the elytral humerus.
 Description. Size: Length 3.0 mm; width 1.0 mm. Form: As in Fig. 33. Color: Cranium and mandible castaneous, remainder of mouthparts and antennae yellow; prothorax castaneous; mesoscutellum testaceous; elytra bicolored, flavotestaceous in slightly than basal half, castaneous in apical half; legs flavotestaceous; abdomen testaceous. Head: Antennal capitulum well-developed (Fig. 6), capitular antennomeres 9 and 10 transverse, antennomere 11 subquadrate; maxillary and labial terminal palpomeres digitiform; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW = 10/20). Thorax: Pronotum (Fig. 27) transverse (PW/PL = 52/40), lateral margins evenly arcuate; asetiferous elytral punctation small and extending to subapex, punctation subseriate, interstitial spaces smooth and shiny; epipleural margin narrowing to elytral apex. Abdomen: Pygidium scutiform.
 Natural History. The type specimen was collected in October.
 Distribution. This species is known from Zambia (Fig. 37).
 Etymology. The specific epithet dimidius (= half) is a Latin adjective. I refer to the bipartite color pattern on the elytral disc.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2017, Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Orthopleurinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part VI. The New Genera Coadnatus Opitz, Furcadia Opitz, and Latupusillus Opitz, One New Species of Funicula Opitz, and Four New Species of Romanaeclerus Winkler, pp. 421-433 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (3) on pages 430-431, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.3.421, http://zenodo.org/record/5376554
YOSH SAMBO KURASHCHILARNING BOSHLANG’ICH TAYYORGARLIK BOSQICHIDA MAXSUS O’YINLAR ORQALI JISMONIY TAYYORGARLIGINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Creators: name: Maxmatqulov, Farhod Abdirayimovich
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: sport
boshlang’ich tayyorgarlik
ko’nikma
sog'lom bosqich
o'yin vazifalari
sambistlar
muvofiqlashtirish
qobiliyat
texnik faoliyat

description: Maqolada yosh sambo kurashchilarning umumiy va maxsus jismoniy tayyorgarlik darajasini oshirishda maxsus o’yinlardan foydalanib, funktsional va asosiysi jismoniy tayyorgarlikni oshirish, bellashuv ko'nikmalarini rivojlantirish, taktik fikrlashni yaxshilash, qiyin vaziyatlarda bellashuv olib borish qobiliyatini oshirish va an'anaviy bo'lmagan usullarni tezkorlik bilan amalga oshirish imkoninyatlarini rivojlantiradi usullari ko’rsatilgan
title: Great Britain Ministry of Information - Daily Press Notices and Bulletins (1945-05-18)
Creators: name: Great Britain. Ministry Of Information.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 1945
Subjects: subject: World War, 1939-1945 – Social aspects
subject: World War, 1939-1945 -- History
subject: World War II
subject: Second World War
subject: World War Two
subject: Great Britain

description: From the UK National Archives: http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/theartofwar/inf3.htm “Formed on September 4th 1939, the day after Britain’s declaration of war, the Ministry of Information (MOI) was the central government department responsible for publicity and propaganda in the Second World War. The initial functions of the MOI were threefold: news and press censorship; home publicity; and oversees publicity in Allied and neutral countries”. This collection contains Press Notices and Bulletins published by the MOI between 1939-1945. The Press Notices and Bulletins are among many publications and films issued by the agency during the war.
Bolometric correction factors for Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Netzer, Hagai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bolometric luminosity of active galactic nuclei (AGN) is difficult to determine and various approximations have been used to calibrate it against different observed properties. Here I combine theoretical calculations of optically thick, geometrically thin accretion disks, and observed X-ray properties of AGN, to provide new bolometric correction factors (\kbol) over a large range of black hole (BH) mass, accretion rate, and spin. This is particularly important in cases where the mass accretion rate cannot be determined from the observed spectral energy distribution, and in cases where luminosity-independent correction factors have been used. Simple powerlaw approximations of \kbol\ are provided for L(5100Å), L(3000Å), L(1400Å), L(2-10 keV) and L(narrow \hb). In all cases the uncertainties are large mostly due to the unknown BH spin. Prior knowledge of the BH mass reduces the uncertainty considerably.
description: MNRAS accepted; 9 pages, 4 figures, one table
MAKTABGACHA YOSHDAGI BOLALARDA ALGORITMIK KO'NIKMALARNI SHAKLLANTIRISH MUAMMOSINING DOLZARB HOLATI VA YECHIMLARI
Creators: name: Kadirov, Jasur Abdumalikovich
name: Rizamad Davronovich Shodiev
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: algoritmik
ko'nikma
qobiliyat
madaniyat
fikrlash

description: Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolalarning algoritmik qobiliyatlari bu uni amalga oshirish jarayonida ideal rejaga rioya qilish, nutqlarida algoritmik harakatlar natijalarini batafsil belgilash, algoritmni taqdim etish, algoritmik harakatlarni o'zgartirish va tuzatish qobiliyatidir. Maktabgacha yoshdagi bolada, uning fikriga ko'ra, turli xil algoritmlarni bolalar o'yinlari shaklida modellashtirish jarayonida algoritmik fikrlashning rivojlanishini shakllantirish mumkin
Ichneumon extensorius LINNAEUS 1758
Creators: name: Riedel, Matthias
name: Diller, Erich
name: Japoshvili, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Ichneumon
Ichneumon extensorius

description: Ichneumon extensorius LINNAEUS, 1758
M a t e r i a l: H 4: 1♂ 25.VI-5.VII, 1♂ 25.VII-5.VIII.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Palaearctic region, known from the Caucasus region (RASNITSYN & SIYTAN 1981), new for Georgia.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Matthias, Diller, Erich & Japoshvili, George, 2018, The Ichneumonid fauna (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Lagodekhi Reserve, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1447-1507 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 1480, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5275090
Romanaeclerus gerstmeieri Opitz 2017, new species
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Romanaeclerus
Romanaeclerus gerstmeieri

description: Romanaeclerus gerstmeieri Opitz, new species  (Figs. 2, 28, 34, 38)
 Type Material. Holotype: ♀. ZIMBABWE, 27. XI.2006, Masvingo Pr, Lake Mutirikwe (Lake Kyle, 20.12S – 31.00E, P. Schüle leg (RGCM). Paratypes: Two specimens. REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA, Kwa Zulu-Natal, SW Magudu 27°34  ′  S- 31°35  ′  W, 4– 5.1.2009, P. Schüle leg (WOPC, 1); KWZ Natal, Ndumo Nat. Res, 2654S 3218E, 12.12.2010, at light, 106 m, Ruth Müller (TMSA, 1).
 Diagnosis. The members of this species are very similar to those of Romanaeclerus adustus Opitz, but in specimens of R. gerstmeieri the funicular antennomeres are more pronouncedly serrate.
 Description. Size: Length 6.0 mm; width 2.3 mm. Form: As in Fig. 34. Color: Black, except maxillae, labium, antennae, and abdomen testaceous. Head: Antennal capitulum well-developed (Fig. 2), capitular antennomeres 9 and 10 transverse, antennomere 11 suboval, funicular antennomeres progressively more serrate; maxillary and labial terminal palpomeres digitiform; eyes much narrower than frons (EW/FW = 20/45). Thorax: Pronotum (Fig. 28) transverse (PW/PL = 120/95), lateral margins evenly arcuate; asetiferous elytral punctation small and extending to elytral apex, punctation subseriate, interstitial spaces smooth and shiny; sutural margin narrows to elytral apex. Abdomen: Pygidium scutiform.
 Variation. Size: Length 4.0–6.0 mm; width 1.3–2.3 mm. Except for body size, the type specimens are quite homogeneous.
 Natural History. The type specimens were collected during November, December, and January; one was taken at a blacklight at 106 m.
 Distribution. This species is known from Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa (Fig. 38).
 Etymology. The specific epithet gerstmeieri is a dedicative patronymic to honor Roland Gerstmeier for his many contributions to Cleridology.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2017, Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Orthopleurinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part VI. The New Genera Coadnatus Opitz, Furcadia Opitz, and Latupusillus Opitz, One New Species of Funicula Opitz, and Four New Species of Romanaeclerus Winkler, pp. 421-433 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (3) on page 431, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.3.421, http://zenodo.org/record/5376554
Quasar Parallax: a Method for Determining Direct Geometrical Distances to Quasars
Creators: name: Elvis, Martin
name: Karovska, Margarita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a novel method to determine direct geometrical distances to quasars that can measure the cosmological constant, Lambda, with minimal assumptions. This method is equivalent to geometric parallax, with the `standard length' being the size of the quasar broad emission line region (BELR) as determined from the light travel time measurements of reverberation mapping. The effect of non-zero Lambda on angular diameter is large, 40% at z=2, so mapping angular diameter distances vs. redshift will give Lambda with (relative) ease. In principle these measurements could be made in the UV, optical, near infrared or even X-ray bands. Interferometers with a resolution of 0.01mas are needed to measure the size of the BELR in z=2 quasars, which appear plausible given reasonable short term extrapolations of current technology.
description: 13 pages, with 3 figures. ApJ Letters, in press (Dec 20, 2002)
Bosonization and Duality in Arbitrary Dimensions: New Results
Creators: name: Cantcheff, M. Botta
name: Helayël-Neto, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generic massive Thirring Model in three space-time dimensions exhibits a correspondence with a topologically massive bosonized gauge action associated to a self-duality constraint, and we write down a general expression for this relationship. We also generalize this structure to $d$ dimensions, by adopting the so-called doublet approach, recently introduced. In particular, a non- conventional formulation of the bosonization technique in higher dimensions (in the spirit of $d=3$), is proposed and, as an application, we show how fermionic (Thirring-like) representations for bosonic topologically massive models in four dimensions may be built up.
description: Revised version, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Ising chains with competing interactions in presence of long-range couplings
Creators: name: Campa, Alessandro
name: Gori, Giacomo
name: Hovhannisyan, Vahan
name: Ruffo, Stefano
name: Trombettoni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study an Ising spin chain with short-range competing interactions in presence of long-range ferromagnetic interactions in the canonical ensemble. The simultaneous presence of the frustration induced by the short-range couplings together with their competition with the long-range term gives rise to a rich thermodynamic phase diagram. We compare our results with the limit in which one of two local interactions is turned off, which was previously studied in the literature. Eight regions of parameters with qualitatively distinct properties are featured, with different first- and second-order phase transition lines and critical points.
description: To be published in the J. Phys. A Special Issue "Disordered serendipity: a glassy path to discovery" to honour Giorgio Parisi in occasion of his 70th birthday
Additional file 3 of Genetic mapping and candidate gene identification of BoGL5, a gene essential for cuticular wax biosynthesis in broccoli
Creators: name: Han, Fengqing
name: Huang, Jingjing
name: Xie, Qi
name: Liu, Yumei
name: Fang, Zhiyuan
name: Yang, Limei
name: Zhuang, Mu
name: Zhang, Yangyong
name: Lv, Honghao
name: Wang, Yong
name: Ji, Jialei
name: Li, Zhansheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Primers used in this study for genetic mapping, gene amplification and RT-PCR.
Ichneumon minutorius DESVIGENS 1856
Creators: name: Riedel, Matthias
name: Diller, Erich
name: Japoshvili, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Ichneumon
Ichneumon minutorius

description: Ichneumon minutorius DESVIGENS, 1856
M a t e r i a l: H 3: 1♀ 23.V-4. VI; H 4: 1♀ 25.VII-5.VIII.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Palaearctic region, known from the Caucasus region (RASNITSYN & SIYTAN 1981), new for Georgia.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Matthias, Diller, Erich & Japoshvili, George, 2018, The Ichneumonid fauna (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Lagodekhi Reserve, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1447-1507 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 1480, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5275090
Critical Review Discussion Advances in science and applications in air pollution monitoring: A case study on oil sands monitoring targeting ecosystem protection
Creators: name: Altshuler, Samuel L.
name: Ahad, Jason M. E.
name: Chow, Judith C.
name: Duane, Calvin
name: Dubé, Monique
name: Legge, Allan H.
name: Percy, Kevin E.
name: Stevenson, Eric D.
name: Watson, John G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Science Policy

description: Critical Review Discussion Advances in science and applications in air pollution monitoring: A case study on oil sands monitoring targeting ecosystem protection
ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫХ УПРАЖНЕНИЙ В ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ НАРУШЕНИЙ РОСТА У МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Creators: name: Л. Б.Собирова
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: сколиоз
комплекс специальных упражнений
фронтальная и сагиттальная плоскости
ЛФК
оздоровительная физическая культура.

description: В статье подчеркивается проблема эффективности специализированных упражнений и регулярного использования лечебной гимнастики при профилактике сколиоза (нарушения осанки), распространённых у детей начальной школы
Romanaeclerus quadratus Opitz 2017, new species
Creators: name: Opitz, Weston
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cleridae
Romanaeclerus
Romanaeclerus quadratus

description: Romanaeclerus quadratus Opitz, new species  (Figs. 4, 22, 35, 38)
 Type Material. Holotype: Ƌ. LIBERIA, Nimba Co., Gbei Vongwea, 23 November 1986, leg. D. G. Furth (PMNH).
 Diagnosis. The members of this species are very similar to those of Romanaeclerus vitellinus Opitz, new species, but in specimens of R. quadratus, the ninth and 10 th funicular antennomeres are more subquadrate that trigonal. Also, in R. quadratus the frons is proportionally broader compared to the width of the eye (EW/FW = 20:28 (0.71) in specimens of R. quadratus, 10:25 (0.40) in those of R. vitellinus).
 Description. Size: Length 4.2 mm; width 2.0 mm. Form: As in Fig. 35. Color: Forebody, antennae, legs, and abdomen testaceous, elytra redbrown. Head: Antennal capitulum well-developed (Fig. 4), capitular antennomeres 9 and 10 subquadrate, antennomere 11 suboval, funicular antennomeres progressively more serrate; maxillary and labial terminal palpomeres acuminate; eyes narrower than frons (EW/FW = 20/28). Thorax: Pronotum (Fig. 22) transverse (PW/PL = 90/70), lateral margins evenly arcuate; asetiferous elytral punctation small and extending to elytral subapex, punctation subseriate, interstitial spaces smooth and shiny; sutural margin narrows to elytral apex. Abdomen: Pygidium scutiform; aedeagus with phallobasic lobes minute; phallic plates slender, long.
 Natural History. The holotype was collected in November.
 Distribution. This species is known from Liberia (Fig. 38).
 Etymology. The specific epithet quadratus (= 4-sided) refers to the subquadrate shape of the ninth and 10 th capitular antennomeres.
description: Published as part of Opitz, Weston, 2017, Classification, Natural History, and Evolution of the Orthopleurinae (Coleoptera: Cleridae). Part VI. The New Genera Coadnatus Opitz, Furcadia Opitz, and Latupusillus Opitz, One New Species of Funicula Opitz, and Four New Species of Romanaeclerus Winkler, pp. 421-433 in The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (3) on page 431, DOI: 10.1649/0010-065X-71.3.421, http://zenodo.org/record/5376554
MINI-FUTBOLDA MALAKALI FUTBOLCHI AYOLLARNING INDIVIDUAL MAHORATINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Creators: name: Shukrullo Ibatovich Avazov
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: mini-futbol
individual tayyorgarlik
tayyorgarlik tuzilishi
jismoniy va texnik tayyorgarlik

description: Maqolada mini-futbolda malakali futbolchi ayollarning individual mahoratini rivojlantirishning metodik usullari keltirilgan. Mini-futbolda malakali sportchi ayollarni tayyorlash amaliyotida alohida-alohida mustaqil, alohida-alohida guruh va alohida-alohida jamoaga bo'lingan individual tayyorgarlikning turli shakllari tavsiya etilgan.
Singular 7-manifolds with G_2 holonomy and intersecting 6-branes
Creators: name: Behrndt, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A 7-manifold with G_2 holonomy can be constructed as a R^3 bundle over a quaternionic space. We consider a quaternionic base space which is singular and its metric depends on three parameters, where one of them corresponds to an interpolation between S^4 and CP^2 or its non-compact analogs. This 4-d Einstein space has four isometries and the fixed point set of a generic Killing vector is discussed. When embedded into M-theory the compactification over a given Killing vector gives intersecting 6-branes as IIA configuration and we argue that membrane instantons may resolve the curvature singularity.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures, Latex, add references
OʼRTA UMUMTAʼLIM MAKTABLARIDA TARBIYA DARSLARINI JORIY ETILGANLIGI VA AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: Mohidil Sobirjon Qizi Yoʼldosheva
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: ta’lim tizimi
tarbiya jarayoni
tashkilotlar
kadrlarni tayyorlash
ta’lim-tarbiya
STEAM yondashuv

description: Insonning kelajakda muvaffaqiyatli inson bo‘lish eng avvalo to‘g‘ri maqsad qo‘yishga bog‘liq. Deyl Karnegi, Brayan Treysi kabi mashhur lektorning ta’limotiga ko‘ra, hayotda o‘z oldiga maqsad qo‘yish va unga erishishni o‘rganish ham aslida bir fan. “Tarbiya” fanining ahamiyatli jihati shuki, u bosqichma-bosqich bolada maqsad qo‘yish va unga intilish ko‘nikmasini shakllantirib boradi.
Ichneumon oblongus SCHRANK 1802
Creators: name: Riedel, Matthias
name: Diller, Erich
name: Japoshvili, George
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Ichneumonidae
Ichneumon
Ichneumon oblongus

description: Ichneumon oblongus SCHRANK, 1802
M a t e r i a l: H 3: 1♀ 5-15.V.
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Palaearctic region, known from the Caucasus region (RASNITSYN & SIYTAN 1981), new for Georgia.
description: Published as part of Riedel, Matthias, Diller, Erich & Japoshvili, George, 2018, The Ichneumonid fauna (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Lagodekhi Reserve, Sakartvelo (Georgia), with descriptions of four new species, pp. 1447-1507 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 1480, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5275090
Variational generalized rotating-wave approximation in the two-qubit quantum Rabi model
Creators: name: Mao, Bin-Bin
name: Li, Liangsheng
name: Wang, Yimin
name: You, Wen-Long
name: Wu, Wei
name: Liu, Maoxin
name: Luo, Hong-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytical method for the two-qubit quantum Rabi model. While still operating in the frame of the generalized rotating-wave approximation (GRWA), our method further embraces the idea of introducing variational parameters. The optimal value of the variational parameter is determined by minimizing the energy function of the ground state. Comparing with numerical exact results, we show that our method evidently improves the accuracy of the conventional GRWA in calculating fundamental physical quantities, such as energy spectra, mean photon number, and dynamics. Interestingly, the accuracy of our method allows us to reproduce the asymptotic behavior of mean photon number in large frequency ratio for the ground state and investigate the quasi-periodical structure of the time evolution, which are incapable of being predicted by the GRWA. The applicable parameter ranges cover the ultrastrong coupling regime, which will be helpful to recent experiments.
How to do a pre-review
Creators: name: Aribowo, Eric Kunto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: pre-review
peer review
reseacher academy
publons academy
publication ethic
image manipulation

description: This material presented at "Workshop Manajemen Publikasi Berbasis OJS (Submit, Review, Editing, Publish)" in Universitas Widya Dharma, August 31st 2019 This session talks about: Behind peer-review Why should you review? Editor’s view: what makes a good reviewer Before agreeing to review Do you have any conflicts of interest? Are you an expert in this field? Can I maintain confidentiality? and more... Research and publication ethics Research ethics Publication ethics Image manipulation Technical issue Peer-review process Pre-review timeline Review template from Publons Academy How to add comments and remove your personal information
description: {"references": ["https://www.erickunto.com/blog/materi-workshop-manajemen-publikasi-berbasis-ojs/", "https://publicationethics.org/peerreview", "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.8024882.v1", "https://publons.com/community/academy/", "https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/navigating-peer-review/fundamentals-peer-review", "https://researcheracademy.elsevier.com/navigating-peer-review/becoming-peer-reviewer", "http://blogs.nature.com/ofschemesandmemes/2019/04/16/recognising-the-contribution-of-nature-research-journal-referees"]}
ТАЪЛИМ ИСЛОҲОТЛАРИ ШАРОИТИДА КАСБ МОТИВАЦИЯСИНИ БАРВАҚТ АНИҚЛАШНИНГ ИЖТИМОИЙ ПСИХОЛОГИК МЕЗОНЛАРИ (КИЧИК МАКТАБ ЁШИДАГИ БОЛАЛАР МИСОЛИДА)
Creators: name: Дурдонахон Рустамхон Қизи Исламова
name: Гулзода Неъматуллаевна Ташматова
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2021
Subjects: Таълим
тарбия
мактаб
жамият
давлат
ўқитувчи
кичик мактаб ёшидаги ўқувчилар
психология
пеадгогика
жисмоний ривожланиш
руҳий зўриқиш
касб
мотивация
фаолият

description: Кичик мактаб ёшидаги ўқувчилар 7 ёшдан 12 ёшгача бўлган болалар бўлиб улар бошланғич синф ўқувчилари ҳисобланади. Бу даврларда боланинг ҳаёти ва фаолиятида муҳим ўзгаришлар юз беради. Уларнинг психикасида ҳамда жисмоний ривожланишида сезиларли даражада ўзгаришлар вужудга келади. Кичик мактаб ёшида таълим жараёнини тизимли ташкил қилиш, болада беғамлик даврининг туганланганлигидан далолат беради ва ўқишга бўлган муносабатлар тобора ўзгариб боради. Бу даврда боланинг қизиқишлари ўйин фаолиятидан ўқув фаолиятига аста-секин кўчиб ўтади.