cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Superadditivity of channel capacity through quantum fields
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Koji
name: Ahmadzadegan, Aida
name: Simidzija, Petar
name: Kempf, Achim
name: Martín-Martínez, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given that any communication is communication through quantum fields, we here study the scenario where a sender, Alice, causes information-carrying disturbances in a quantum field. We track the exact spread of these disturbances in space and time by using the technique of quantum information capsules (QIC). We find that the channel capacity between Alice and a receiver, Bob, is enhanced by Bob placing detectors not only inside but in addition also outside the causal future of Alice's encoding operation. Intuitively, this type of superadditivity arises because the field outside the causal future of Alice is entangled with the field inside Alice's causal future. Hence, the quantum noise picked up by Bob's detectors outside Alice's causal future is correlated with the noise of Bob's detectors inside Alice's causal future. In effect, this correlation allows Bob to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of those of his detectors which are in the causal future of Alice. Further, we develop the multimode generalization of the QIC technique. This allows us to extend the analysis to the case where Alice operates multiple localized and optionally entangled emitters. We apply the new techniques to the case where Alice enhances the channel capacity by operating multiple emitters that are suitably lined up and pre-timed to generate a quantum shockwave in the field.
description: 22 pages, 49 figures. Typos have been fixed
Fulbright scholars as cultural mediators: An exploratory study
Creators: name: Snow, Nancy Elizabeth
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: The main purpose of this study was to investigate the cultural mediator role of a group of Fulbright Program international graduate students studying in the United States and the anticipated cultural mediator role expected upon reentry into the home culture. The study, based on a communication and culture-learning model, was designed to test the impact that the following variables had upon the cultural mediator role: host contact conditions; host culture social relations (intimacy, multicultural networks); intercultural communication competence (host knowledge, home knowledge, second language proficiency, intercultural communication skills, cultural relativism); cultural identity (ingroup strength, outgroup orientation); and background variables (previous cross-cultural exposure, previous contact with Americans, and preacademic training). The study was conducted using a sample of 290 Fulbright international graduate students who participated in a Fulbright Intercultural Survey (FIS) designed by the author and implemented in the fall of 1991. Additional personal telephone interviews probed the mediator role through questions which allowed the Fulbright students to discuss culture-learning experiences in which they enhanced their understanding of Americans and American culture or Americans enhanced their understanding of them and their culture. The data supported several but not all of the hypotheses. Intimacy and multicultural networks, in this case with host nationals, were found to be the two most significant variables related to the outcome of cultural mediation in the home and host culture. In addition, knowledge of the home and host culture were related positively to outcomes of mediation. Some data supported a relationship for mediation only in certain settings. For instance, preacademic training and previous contact with Americans were positively correlated to anticipated mediation in the home culture exclusively. The author concludes that the Fulbright international graduate students are enacting mediation outcomes as part of their academic sojourns and that these outcomes complement the stated goal of mutual understanding described in the original Fulbright program legislation. However, the study is not readily able to predict what longterm effect these mediation outcomes might have upon the Fulbright scholars who return to their cultures of origin.
Global solvability of a model for tuberculosis granuloma formation
Creators: name: Fuest, Mario
name: Lankeit, Johannes
name: Mizukami, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35K55 (Primary) 35A01, 35A09, 35D30, 35Q92, 92C17, 92C50 (Secondary)

description: We discuss a nonlinear system of partial differential equations modelling the formation of granuloma during tuberculosis infections and prove the global solvability of the homogeneous Neumann problem for \begin{align*}
 \begin{cases}
 u_t = D_u Δu - χ_u \nabla \cdot (u \nabla v) - γ_u uv - δ_u u + β_u, \\
 v_t = D_v Δv + ρ_v v - γ_v uv + μ_v w,\\
 w_t = D_w Δw + γ_w uv - α_w wz - μ_w w,\\
 z_t = D_z Δz - χ_z \nabla \cdot (z \nabla w) + α_z f(w)z - δ_z z
 \end{cases} \end{align*} in bounded domains in the classical and weak sense in the two- and three-dimensional setting, respectively.
 In order to derive suitable a~priori estimates, we study the evolution of the well-known energy functional for the chemotaxis-consumption system both for the $(u, v)$- and the $(z, w)$-subsystem. A key challenge compared to "pure" consumption systems consists of overcoming the difficulties raised by the additional, in part positive, terms in the second and third equations. This is inter alia achieved by utilising a dissipative term of the (quasi-)energy functional, which may just be discarded in simpler consumption systems.
description: 22 pages
Universal Statistics of the Critical Depinning Force of Elastic Systems in Random Media
Creators: name: Bolech, C. J.
name: Rosso, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the rescaled probability distribution of the critical depinning force of an elastic system in a random medium. We put in evidence the underlying connection between the critical properties of the depinning transition and the extreme value statistics of correlated variables. The distribution is Gaussian for all periodic systems, while in the case of random manifolds there exists a family of universal functions ranging from the Gaussian to the Gumbel distribution. Both of these scenarios are a priori experimentally accessible in finite, macroscopic, disordered elastic systems.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Nonequilibrium mesoscopic conductance fluctuations
Creators: name: Ludwig, T.
name: Blanter, Ya. M.
name: Mirlin, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the amplitude of mesoscopic fluctuations of the differential conductance of a metallic wire at arbitrary bias voltage V. For non-interacting electrons, the variance increases with V. The asymptotic large-V behavior is \sim V/V_c (where eV_c=D/L^2 is the Thouless energy), in agreement with the earlier prediction by Larkin and Khmelnitskii. We find, however, that this asymptotics has a very small numerical prefactor and sets in at very large V/V_c only, which strongly complicates its experimental observation. This high-voltage behavior is preceded by a crossover regime, V/V_c \lesssim 30, where the conductance variance increases by a factor \sim 3 as compared to its value in the regime of universal conductance fluctuations (i.e., at V->0). We further analyze the effect of dephasing due to the electron-electron scattering on at high voltages. With the Coulomb interaction taken into account, the amplitude of conductance fluctuations becomes a non-monotonic function of V. Specifically, drops as 1/V for voltages V >> gV_c, where g is the dimensionless conductance. In this regime, the conductance fluctuations are dominated by quantum-coherent regions of the wire adjacent to the reservoirs.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures. Fig.2 and one more appendix added, accepted for publication in PRB
title: Activation of LFA-1 through mutations within the IDAS site of the I domain : their effects on ligand binding and the capacity of LFA-1 to signal to other integrins
Creators: name: Sweeney, Bernadette Mary
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2004

description: Evidence is now emerging which suggests that in addition to the ability of integrins to regulate cell adhesion through signalling events to other cell surface receptors they may also play a role in the regulation of other integrins expressed on the same cell surface. While the data on LFA-1 is limited, published reports suggest that this integrin when activated can both down- and up-regulate the binding of α4β1 and α5β1 to their respective ligands. Using a novel method we expressed a soluble form of LFA-1 which was subsequently used to identify a series of constitutively activated forms of LFA-1 generated through introduction of novel and published mutations into the I Domain IDAS. Having established their increased activity over wild type LFA-1, the mutant forms of LFA-1 were used to investigate the ability of full length LFA-1 to regulate the binding of α4β1 and α5β1 when expressed on the same cell surface. While mutations in the LFA-1 I domain currently known to promote ligand binding were not sufficient alone to promote integrin crosstalk in either the K562 or JB2.7 cell systems, in the presence of mAb KIM127, crosstalk between α5β1 and all forms of K562 surface expressed LFA-1 was effectively induced. However, the lack of crosstalk with the JB2.7 cell line, even in the presence of K1M127, suggests that this phenomenon may be further complicated by cell-line specific differences.
Framing South Asian transformation: An examination of regional views on South Asian co-operation with special reference to development and security perspectives in India and Shri Lanka
Creators: name: Chitty, Naren
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: South Asia, centered on India and anchored in age-old tradition, is being drawn by the Euro-American global center toward modernization. The process of modernization promises social mobility to aspirants to elite status who have been shut out by the tradition of caste. Despite their liberal instincts and the espousal of a program of 'modernization' by ruling elites, elite aspirants find themselves culturally excluded from elite circles of power. At the same time these elite aspirants draw succor from and give succor to ethno-historical constituencies which are in the process of peripheralization by global and national centers. SAARC, the South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation, is a creation of South Asian governing elites in response to internal pressures for regional development as well as changes in the global environment. South Asian elites respond to contradictory voices of liberalism and tradition when dealing with social change within their own societies and this study posits that this contradiction may be seen in the views of South Asian scholars. The study looks at contributions of regional scholars on co-operation in security and development in the region in terms of a framework, Ashoka's Wheel, constructed from classical Hindu political and mythic thought and Western political thought. It also looks comparatively at official news in the two South Asian countries on which the study concentrates--India and Shri Lanka to establish whether political messages demonstrate the same contradiction.
The anomalous Higgs-top couplings in the MSSM
Creators: name: Feng, Tai-Fu
name: Li, Xue-Qian
name: Maalampi, Jukka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The anomalous couplings of the top quark and the Higgs boson has been studied in an effective theory resulting in the framework of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model (MSSM) when the heavy fields are integrated out. Constraints on the parameters of the model from the experimental data on the ratio $R_b={Γ(Z\to b\bar{b})/Γ(Z\to hadrons)}$ are derived.
description: Latex, 26 pages + 13 ps figures, final version in PRD
Framing South Asian transformation: An examination of regional views on South Asian co-operation with special reference to development and security perspectives in India and Shri Lanka
Creators: name: Chitty, Naren
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: South Asia, centered on India and anchored in age-old tradition, is being drawn by the Euro-American global center toward modernization. The process of modernization promises social mobility to aspirants to elite status who have been shut out by the tradition of caste. Despite their liberal instincts and the espousal of a program of 'modernization' by ruling elites, elite aspirants find themselves culturally excluded from elite circles of power. At the same time these elite aspirants draw succor from and give succor to ethno-historical constituencies which are in the process of peripheralization by global and national centers. SAARC, the South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation, is a creation of South Asian governing elites in response to internal pressures for regional development as well as changes in the global environment. South Asian elites respond to contradictory voices of liberalism and tradition when dealing with social change within their own societies and this study posits that this contradiction may be seen in the views of South Asian scholars. The study looks at contributions of regional scholars on co-operation in security and development in the region in terms of a framework, Ashoka's Wheel, constructed from classical Hindu political and mythic thought and Western political thought. It also looks comparatively at official news in the two South Asian countries on which the study concentrates--India and Shri Lanka to establish whether political messages demonstrate the same contradiction.
Central and tensor components of three-nucleon forces in low-energy proton-deuteron scattering
Creators: name: Ishikawa, S.
name: Tanifuji, M.
name: Iseri, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contributions of three-nucleon forces (3NF) to proton-deuteron scattering observables at energies below the deuteron breakup threshold are studied by solving the Faddeev equation that includes the Coulomb interaction. At E_p=3.0 MeV, we find that the central part of a two-pion exchange 3NF removes the discrepancy between measured cross sections and the calculated ones by two-nucleon forces, and improves the agreement with T_{22} experimental data. However, the tensor part of the 3NF fails in reproducing data of the analyzing power T_{21} by giving worse agreement between the measured and the calculated. Detailed examinations of scattering amplitudes suggest that a P-wave contribution in spin quartet tensor amplitudes has unsuitable sign for reproducing the T_{21} data.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Differential effects of probability and delay on choice with variations in income level
Creators: name: Christensen, Joyce Elaine
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Rachlin, Raineri and Cross (1991) developed a model of choice behavior which argues that risk and delay of an outcome are interpreted as subjectively equivalent. This research studied the effect that changes in income would have on choices involving risk and delay. Fifty-five students from undergraduate psychology classes received course credit for completing a questionnaire which consisted of pretraining, and three experiments. In Experiment 1, the hypothetical choices involved a sure gain of a small dollar amount and a large dollar amount whose probability varied. The data showed that as the large alternative increased risk aversion increased. Experiment 2 involved choices between amounts of money as in Experiment 1, an immediate small amount and a larger amount now available at various delays. As the larger alternative grew delay aversion decreased, a trend that reversed only at the highest value. Experiment 3 consisted of choices between varied equivalent amounts of money, available at various probabilities and various delays. Again, increases in income increased risk aversion. The equivalences found in Experiment 3 were predictable from the results of Experiments 1 and 2. All three experiments demonstrated that changes in income do affect the nature of the relationship of risk and delay in choice. As the income level increased, the trend was towards an increased risk aversion and reduced delay aversion. This final result violates Rachlin et al.'s model demonstrating it is incomplete.
Delivery Complications and Postpartum Hospital Use in California
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
Publisher: name: DigitalHub. Galter Health Sciences Library & Learning Center
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: severe mental morbidity
subject: postpartum
subject: quality of care
subject: readmission
subject: emergency department use
subject: Postpartum Period
subject: Pregnancy Complications
subject: Cohort Studies
subject: Maternal Mortality
subject: Patient Readmission
subject: Emergency Service, Hospital
subject: Quality of Health Care
subject: California

description: Introduction: Research on maternal birth outcomes rarely includes postpartum complications with longitudinally linked patient data. We analyze characteristics associated with delivery complications and postpartum hospital use for women in California.  Methods: This population-based cohort study is based on California hospital discharge data. International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes were used to categorize the incidence of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and other, route-specific delivery complications as well as preexisting and pregnancy-related conditions and principal diagnoses for postpartum hospital visits. Postpartum hospital use is a composite outcome defined as Emergency Department (ED) visits or hospital readmissions within 90 days of delivery discharge. Multivariable Poisson regression analyses were used to estimate the association of patient-level and hospital-level characteristics with the likelihood of postpartum hospital use.  Results: In 2017, there were 457,498 delivery admissions in California-licensed hospitals of which we analyzed 348,828 index deliveries with linked patient data. Among linked deliveries, 34,825 (10.0%) had an inpatient admission (4,206, 1.2%) or an ED visit (30,371, 9.2%) within 90 days of delivery discharge. Delivery complications included a 1.7% SMM rate, 7.9% rate of vaginal delivery complications, 10.0% of rate of cesarean delivery complications, and 2.9% frequency of long lengths of stay, all of which were significantly associated with postpartum hospital use. In addition, preexisting and pregnancy-related conditions, undergoing cesarean delivery, being less than 18 years old, non-Hispanic Black, or from high poverty ZIP codes or having Medicaid coverage, were also significant risk factors for postpartum hospital use.  Discussion:  One in ten women had a hospital visit within 90 days postpartum. Improving postpartum care is an urgent public health priority.
Differential effects of probability and delay on choice with variations in income level
Creators: name: Christensen, Joyce Elaine
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Rachlin, Raineri and Cross (1991) developed a model of choice behavior which argues that risk and delay of an outcome are interpreted as subjectively equivalent. This research studied the effect that changes in income would have on choices involving risk and delay. Fifty-five students from undergraduate psychology classes received course credit for completing a questionnaire which consisted of pretraining, and three experiments. In Experiment 1, the hypothetical choices involved a sure gain of a small dollar amount and a large dollar amount whose probability varied. The data showed that as the large alternative increased risk aversion increased. Experiment 2 involved choices between amounts of money as in Experiment 1, an immediate small amount and a larger amount now available at various delays. As the larger alternative grew delay aversion decreased, a trend that reversed only at the highest value. Experiment 3 consisted of choices between varied equivalent amounts of money, available at various probabilities and various delays. Again, increases in income increased risk aversion. The equivalences found in Experiment 3 were predictable from the results of Experiments 1 and 2. All three experiments demonstrated that changes in income do affect the nature of the relationship of risk and delay in choice. As the income level increased, the trend was towards an increased risk aversion and reduced delay aversion. This final result violates Rachlin et al.'s model demonstrating it is incomplete.
Additional file 1 of Glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 genes deletion polymorphisms and risk of developing essential hypertension: a case-control study in Burkina Faso population (West Africa)
Creators: name: Sombié, Herman Karim
name: Sorgho, Abel Pegdwendé
name: Kologo, Jonas Koudougou
name: Ouattara, Abdoul Karim
name: Sakinata Yaméogo
name: Yonli, Albert Théophane
name: Djigma, Florencia Wendkuuni
name: Daméhan Tchelougou
name: Dogfounianalo Somda
name: Kiendrébéogo, Isabelle Touwendpoulimdé
name: Bado, Prosper
name: Bolni Marius Nagalo
name: Youssoufou Nagabila
name: Enagnon Tiémoko Herman Donald Adoko
name: Zabsonré, Patrice
name: Hassanata Millogo
name: Simporé, Jacques
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Locations of GSTM1, GSTT1 and β-globin genes and corresponding bands in electrophoresis gel. This file shows locations of GSTM1, GSTT1 and β-globin genes on chromosomes and corresponding bands. The number 1 through 19 represents individual sample and M represents Molecular weight marker. The strategy to identify presence or absence of GSTM1or GSTT1was as followed: to validate a PCR product (corresponding to a sample), we must have a band corresponding to β-globin and presence or absence of GSTM1 or GSTT1 was indicated respectively by the presence or absence of bands corresponding for each gene.
Demonstration of the trapped-ion quantum-CCD computer architecture
Creators: name: Pino, J. M.
name: Dreiling, J. M.
name: Figgatt, C.
name: Gaebler, J. P.
name: Moses, S. A.
name: Allman, M. S.
name: Baldwin, C. H.
name: Foss-Feig, M.
name: Hayes, D.
name: Mayer, K.
name: Ryan-Anderson, C.
name: Neyenhuis, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The trapped-ion QCCD (quantum charge-coupled device) architecture proposal lays out a blueprint for a universal quantum computer. The design begins with electrodes patterned on a two-dimensional surface configured to trap multiple arrays of ions (or ion crystals). Communication within the ion crystal network allows for the machine to be scaled while keeping the number of ions in each crystal to a small number, thereby preserving the low error rates demonstrated in trapped-ion experiments. By proposing to communicate quantum information by moving the ions through space to interact with other distant ions, the architecture creates a quantum computer endowed with full-connectivity. However, engineering this fully-connected computer introduces a host of difficulties that have precluded the architecture from being fully realized in the twenty years since its proposal. Using a Honeywell cryogenic surface trap, we report on the integration of all necessary ingredients of the QCCD architecture into a programmable trapped-ion quantum computer. Using four and six qubit circuits, the system level performance of the processor is quantified by the fidelity of a teleported CNOT gate utilizing mid-circuit measurement and a quantum volume measurement of $2^6=64$. By demonstrating that the low error rates achievable in small ion crystals can be successfully integrated with a scalable trap design, parallel optical delivery, and fast ion transport, the QCCD architecture is shown to be a viable path toward large quantum computers. Atomic ions provide perfectly identical, high-fidelity qubits. Our work shows that the QCCD architecture built around these qubits will provide high performance quantum computers, likely enabling important near-term demonstrations such as quantum error correction and quantum advantage.
On the Theoretical Foundations of the Permanent Income Hypothesis
Creators: name: Bar Ilan, Avner
name: Bar Ilan, Avner
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: In its certainty equivalence form, consumption is proportional to the sum of human and non-human wealth. With labor income uncertainty the proportionality takes the form of homogeneity of consumption with respect to the two components of wealth. In this paper we analyze the stochastic properties of labor income which yield the homogeneity property as the utility maximizing solution. A sufficient condition is derived on the Way in which a certain income shift (in time series analysis) or difference (in cross section comparison) preserves the homogeneity result. Application of this condition to some geometric processes and normal distribution of income is made. For other income processes the response of consumption to a certain income movement may be larger, which appears as excess sensitivity.
Mechanism of O$_2$ influence on the decomposition process of the eco-friendly gas insulating medium C$_4$F$_7$N/CO$_2$
Creators: name: Ye, Fanchao
name: Chu, Yitian
name: Brault, Pascal
name: Hong, Dunpin
name: Tian, Shuangshuang
name: Li, Yi
name: Xiao, Song
name: Zhang, Xiaoxing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The C$_4$F$_7$N/CO$_2$/O$_2$ gas mixture is the most promising eco-friendly gas insulation medium available. However, there are few studies on the mechanism of the influence of the buffer gas O2 ratio and its role in the decomposition characteristics of C4F7N/CO2. In this paper, based on the ReaxFF reaction molecular dynamics method and density functional theory, a simulation of the thermal decomposition process of the C$_4$F$_7$N/CO$_2$ mixture under different O2 ratios was carried out at temperatures in the range 2000-3000 K. A constructed model of the C4F7N/CO2/O2 mixture reaction system was used that included the possible reaction paths, product distribution characteristics and their generation rates. The calculation results show that the thermal decomposition of C$_4$F$_7$N/CO$_2$/O$_2$ mainly generates species such as CF$_3$, CF$_2$, CF, F, C$_2$F$_5$, C$_2$F$_4$, C$_2$F$_2$, C$_3$F$_7$, C$_2$F$_2$N, C$_3$F$_4$N, CFN, CN, CO, O, and C. Among them, the two particles CF$_2$ and CN are the most abundant. The first decomposition time of C$_4$F$_7$N is advanced by the addition of O$_2$, while the amount of C$_4$F$_7$N decomposed and the generation of major decomposed particles decreases. The addition of 0%-4% of O$_2$ decreases the reaction rate of the main decomposition reaction in the reaction system. Quantum chemical calculations show that the dissociation process occurring from the combination of C$_4$F$_7$N with O atom is more likely to occur compared to the direct dissociation process of C$_4$F$_7$N molecules. The conclusions of this study provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of the application ratio of C$_4$F$_7$N/CO$_2$/O$_2$ and the diagnosis of its equipment operation and maintenance.
description: IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, In press
Transactions/List Pricing
Creators: name: Seidmann, Daniel J.
name: Seidmann, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics

description: Suppose that a representative downstream firm must buy relationship-specific capital before an upstream monopolist is privately informed of its unit costs. We show that the upstream firm will write a contract before the downstream firm invests, specifying a maximum (list) price which may be discounted when costs are low. This model therefore rationalizes transactions/list pricing: a prevalent mode of inter-firm trading. We use our results to explain Stigler and Kindahl's findings on medium-term price dynamics.
The efficiency of the supply of non-market output; the surplus maximizing bureaucrat under no versus perfect price discrimination
Creators: name: Hilmarsson, Hilmar Thor
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: More than twenty years ago (1971), William A. Niskanen completed Bureaucracy and Representative Government. The central hypothesis in the book was that bureaucrats act to maximize their budgets, because it is in their personal interest to do so, and that the strategies they adopt contribute substantially to the overall growth of the state. Since 1971 the most instructive and far-reaching criticism of Niskanen's book has been that it fails to integrate the legislature into its formal framework. Niskanen (1991) acknowledged the validity of this criticism and modified his ideas, but did not present them in a formal model. He recognized that the legislator is not passive and that he will play an active role in the bargaining process with the bureaucrat. He also modified his thesis about the behavior of the bureaucrat.The bureaucrat, according to Niskanen (1991), would act to maximize the bureau's "discretionary budget" (surplus). Niskanen, however, admitted that he had "$\...$not worked out the full implications of this assumption for the budget-output outcomes of the bargaining process with a surplus-maximizing bureaucrat and, to (his) knowledge, neither (had) any other scholar.$\...$.This issue, however, is not yet resolved and should be the highest priority for subsequent research" (Niskanen, 1991, p. 23). The main goal of the dissertation is to work out the budget-output outcomes of the bargaining process between the legislator and the bureaucrat for the surplus-maximizing bureau. The legislator-bureaucrat relationship will be modeled as a bilateral monopoly, employing already well-developed methods in microeconomics and game theory. In the model it will be assumed that the legislator and the bureaucrat collude to maximize the bureau's surplus. This surplus will then be spent in ways that serve the interest of the bureaucrat and the political authorities. In summary the main results suggest that the surplus-maximizing legislator/bureaucrat, as described by Niskanen 1991, will generally seek a budget that is too large, the output will never be oversupplied, and will only be supplied in the "correct" quantity, as compared with a competitive solution and Pareto optimality, if the surplus-maximizing legislator/bureaucrat can engage in both perfect output price and factor cost discrimination. Furthermore, their production methods will, as long as the legislator/bureaucrat maximize joint surplus, generally be efficient and the difference between the minimum cost of providing the bureaucratic services and the budget may rather represent a welfare transfer from the legislator's constituents to the surplus-maximizing agents than a uniform inefficiency predicted by Niskanen (1991).
Dynamics of Spin Relaxation near the Edge of Two-Dimensional Electron Gas
Creators: name: Pershin, Yuriy V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report calculations of spin relaxation dynamics of two-dimensional electron gas with spin-orbit interaction at the edge region. It is found that the relaxation of spin polarization near the edge is more slow than relaxation in the bulk. That results finally in the spin accumulation at the edge. Time dependence of spin polarization density is calculated analytically and numerically. The mechanism of slower spin relaxation near the edge is related to electrons reflections from the boundary and the lack of the translation symmetry. These reflections partially compensate electron spin precession generated by spin-orbit interaction, consequently making the spin polarization near the edge long living. This effect is accompanied by spin polarization oscillations and spin polarization transfer from the perpendicular to in-plane component.
Gauge theories on $κ$-Minkowski spaces: Twist and modular operators
Creators: name: Mathieu, Philippe
name: Wallet, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the construction of $κ$-Poincaré invariant actions for gauge theories on $κ$-Minkowski spaces. We consider various classes of untwisted and (bi)twisted differential calculi. Starting from a natural class of noncommutative differential calculi based on a particular type of twisted derivations belonging to the algebra of deformed translations, combined with a twisted extension of the notion of connection, we prove an algebraic relation between the various twists and the classical dimension d of the $κ$-Minkowski space(-time) ensuring the gauge invariance of the candidate actions for gauge theories. We show that within a natural differential calculus based on a distinguished set of twisted derivations, d=5 is the unique value for the classical dimension at which the gauge action supports both the gauge invariance and the $κ$-Poincaré invariance. Within standard (untwisted) differential calculi, we show that the full gauge invariance cannot be achieved, although an invariance under a group of transformations constrained by the modular (Tomita) operator stemming from the $κ$-Poincaré invariance still holds.
description: 27 pages. Misprints and references corrected. Some footnotes added. Version to published in JHEP
The efficiency of the supply of non-market output; the surplus maximizing bureaucrat under no versus perfect price discrimination
Creators: name: Hilmarsson, Hilmar Thor
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration

description: More than twenty years ago (1971), William A. Niskanen completed Bureaucracy and Representative Government. The central hypothesis in the book was that bureaucrats act to maximize their budgets, because it is in their personal interest to do so, and that the strategies they adopt contribute substantially to the overall growth of the state. Since 1971 the most instructive and far-reaching criticism of Niskanen's book has been that it fails to integrate the legislature into its formal framework. Niskanen (1991) acknowledged the validity of this criticism and modified his ideas, but did not present them in a formal model. He recognized that the legislator is not passive and that he will play an active role in the bargaining process with the bureaucrat. He also modified his thesis about the behavior of the bureaucrat.The bureaucrat, according to Niskanen (1991), would act to maximize the bureau's "discretionary budget" (surplus). Niskanen, however, admitted that he had "$\...$not worked out the full implications of this assumption for the budget-output outcomes of the bargaining process with a surplus-maximizing bureaucrat and, to (his) knowledge, neither (had) any other scholar.$\...$.This issue, however, is not yet resolved and should be the highest priority for subsequent research" (Niskanen, 1991, p. 23). The main goal of the dissertation is to work out the budget-output outcomes of the bargaining process between the legislator and the bureaucrat for the surplus-maximizing bureau. The legislator-bureaucrat relationship will be modeled as a bilateral monopoly, employing already well-developed methods in microeconomics and game theory. In the model it will be assumed that the legislator and the bureaucrat collude to maximize the bureau's surplus. This surplus will then be spent in ways that serve the interest of the bureaucrat and the political authorities. In summary the main results suggest that the surplus-maximizing legislator/bureaucrat, as described by Niskanen 1991, will generally seek a budget that is too large, the output will never be oversupplied, and will only be supplied in the "correct" quantity, as compared with a competitive solution and Pareto optimality, if the surplus-maximizing legislator/bureaucrat can engage in both perfect output price and factor cost discrimination. Furthermore, their production methods will, as long as the legislator/bureaucrat maximize joint surplus, generally be efficient and the difference between the minimum cost of providing the bureaucratic services and the budget may rather represent a welfare transfer from the legislator's constituents to the surplus-maximizing agents than a uniform inefficiency predicted by Niskanen (1991).
Interacting topological frequency converter
Creators: name: Körber, Simon
name: Privitera, Lorenzo
name: Budich, Jan Carl
name: Trauzettel, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that an interacting two-spin model subjected to two circularly polarized drives enables a feasible realization of a correlated topological phase in synthetic dimensions. The topological observable is given by a quantized frequency conversion between the dynamical drives, which is why we coin it the interacting topological frequency converter (ITFC). The ITFC is characterized by the interplay of interaction and synthetic dimension. This gives rise to striking topological phenomena that have no counterpart in the noninteracting regime. By calculating the topological phase diagrams as a function of interaction strength, we predict an enhancement of frequency conversion as a direct manifestation of the correlated topological response of the ITFC.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Solar Neutrino Oscillation Parameters after KamLAND
Creators: name: Goswami, Srubabati
name: Bandyopadhyay, Abhijit
name: Choubey, Sandhya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the impact of the data from the KamLAND experiment in constraining neutrino mass and mixing angles involved in solar neutrino oscillations. In particular we discuss the precision with which we can determine the the mass squared difference $Δm^2_{solar}$ and the mixing angle $θ_{solar}$ from combined solar and KamLAND data. We show that the precision with which $Δm^_{solar}$ can be determined improves drastically with the KamLAND data but the sensitivity of KamLAND to the mixing angle is not as good. We study the effect of enhanced statistics in KamLAND as well as reduced systematics in improving the precision. We also show the effect of the SNO salt data in improving the precision. Finally we discuss how a dedicated reactor experiment with a baseline of 70 km can improve the $θ_{solar}$ sensitivity by a large amount.
description: Talk given at 4th International Conference on Nonaccelerator New Physics (NANP 03), Dubna, Russia, 23-28 Jun 2003
Price Cycles and Booms: Dynamic Search Equilibrium
Creators: name: Freshtman, Chaim
name: Fishman, Arthur
name: Freshtman, Chaim
name: Fishman, Arthur
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics

description: Search Theory has been extensively and successfully applied to explain the persistence of price dispersion. This paper presents an explicitly dynamic search model which is able to account for cyclical patterns of prices ,and demand over time. These cylical features of the model are the consequence of the dynamic strategic interaction between buyers and firms and do not require the presence of extraneous factors such as shocks or heterogeneity of agents in order to obtain. The model builds on earlier work by Burdett and Judd (1983) and may be interpreted as a dynamic extension of their model.
A study of the relationship between sex role and leadership effectiveness, flexibility and style in selected managers in business organizations
Creators: name: Hostetler, Elizabeth Sue
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This study was designed to determine the relationship between sex-role and leadership effectiveness, flexibility and styles in a sample of managers in business organizations. The Bem Sex-Role Inventory, by Bem, was used by managers to categorize themselves into sex-roles, and the Leader Behavior Analysis II Other, by Blanchard, Zigarmi, Forsyth and Hamilton, measured subordinates' perceptions of their leaders' effectiveness, flexibility and styles. Study subjects were 135 managers and their subordinates in high technology, manufacturing, and other private sector settings who participated in leadership training with Blanchard Training and Development, Inc. Data collection was integrated into the normal procedures that managers complete in the course of the leadership training. An organizational audit was conducted to learn about the differences between organizational settings in their openness to the expression of androgyny. The testing of three hypotheses showed that no relationships existed between sex-role and leadership effectiveness, leadership flexibility or leadership style. (The.05 level was set for significance in this study.) It was found that managers who categorized themselves as androgynous, having both masculine and feminine characteristics, were not more effective and flexible than managers who categorized themselves as either masculine or feminine. In addition, there were interesting discrepancies between male managers' self-perceptions and the perceptions of others. It appeared that male managers were more likely to rate themselves as masculine than to be rated as having a high direction style. It may be that male managers silenced self-report of feminine, or supportive attributes, even while they were providing high support. If there is an unspoken prohibition against voicing the feminine, it could impact the way business is conducted, the way people work together, the kind of work they do and the outcome of their efforts.
Sobolev Lifting over Invariants
Creators: name: Parusiński, Adam
name: Rainer, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove lifting theorems for complex representations $V$ of finite groups $G$. Let $σ=(σ_1,\dots,σ_n)$ be a minimal system of homogeneous basic invariants and let $d$ be their maximal degree. We prove that any continuous map $\overline{f} \colon {\mathbb R}^m \to V$ such that $f = σ\circ \overline{f}$ is of class $C^{d-1,1}$ is locally of Sobolev class $W^{1,p}$ for all $1 \le p
Additional file 2 of Alterations in the methylome of the stromal tumour microenvironment signal the presence and severity of prostate cancer
Creators: name: Lawrence, Mitchell G.
name: Pidsley, Ruth
name: Birunthi Niranjan
name: Papargiris, Melissa
name: Pereira, Brooke A.
name: Richards, Michelle
name: Teng, Linda
name: Norden, Sam
name: Ryan, Andrew
name: Frydenberg, Mark
name: Stirzaker, Clare
name: Taylor, Renea A.
name: Risbridger, Gail P.
name: Clark, Susan J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional File 2. Figures S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7.
A study of the relationship between sex role and leadership effectiveness, flexibility and style in selected managers in business organizations
Creators: name: Hostetler, Elizabeth Sue
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 35
subject: Commerce, management, tourism and services
classificationCode: 3507
subject: Strategy, management and organisational behaviour

description: This study was designed to determine the relationship between sex-role and leadership effectiveness, flexibility and styles in a sample of managers in business organizations. The Bem Sex-Role Inventory, by Bem, was used by managers to categorize themselves into sex-roles, and the Leader Behavior Analysis II Other, by Blanchard, Zigarmi, Forsyth and Hamilton, measured subordinates' perceptions of their leaders' effectiveness, flexibility and styles. Study subjects were 135 managers and their subordinates in high technology, manufacturing, and other private sector settings who participated in leadership training with Blanchard Training and Development, Inc. Data collection was integrated into the normal procedures that managers complete in the course of the leadership training. An organizational audit was conducted to learn about the differences between organizational settings in their openness to the expression of androgyny. The testing of three hypotheses showed that no relationships existed between sex-role and leadership effectiveness, leadership flexibility or leadership style. (The.05 level was set for significance in this study.) It was found that managers who categorized themselves as androgynous, having both masculine and feminine characteristics, were not more effective and flexible than managers who categorized themselves as either masculine or feminine. In addition, there were interesting discrepancies between male managers' self-perceptions and the perceptions of others. It appeared that male managers were more likely to rate themselves as masculine than to be rated as having a high direction style. It may be that male managers silenced self-report of feminine, or supportive attributes, even while they were providing high support. If there is an unspoken prohibition against voicing the feminine, it could impact the way business is conducted, the way people work together, the kind of work they do and the outcome of their efforts.