Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gaudiale
Creators: name: Gardner, Joel
name: Gibbs, Jason
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Halictidae
Lasioglossum
Lasioglossum gaudiale

description: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gaudiale (Sandhouse, 1924)
Figs 24–26, 76E, 91B, 94A, 103A, 104A, 114A
Halictus (Chloralictus) gaudialis Sandhouse, 1924: 23 (holotype, ♂, deposited in USNM, type no. 26418, examined).
Halictus (Chloralictus) gaudialis – Michener 1936: 283 (relationship to helianthi).
Lasioglossum (Chloralictus) tegulariforme – Michener 1951: 1118 (in part, synonymy, catalogue).
Dialictus tegulariformis – Hurd 1979: 1972 (in part, catalogue). — Moure & Hurd 1987: 134 (in part, catalogue).
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gaudiale – Gardner & Gibbs 2022: 28 (resurrection from synonymy).
Diagnosis
Females of L. gaudiale have the tegula relatively small (reaching and sometimes slightly exceeding posterior margin of mesoscutum in dorsal view), with inner posterior margin strongly concave and a small rounded posterior projection, and usually densely punctate (IS ≤ 1 PD, rarely up to 2 PD); T1 anterior slope polished and mirror-smooth (rarely with very weak microsculpture basally); gena about as wide as eye in lateral view; metapostnotum usually shiny basally with strong subparallel rugae not reaching the posterior margin (sometimes dull, with rugae anastomosing, or rugae reaching posterior margin, but never all at once); mesoscutum with no tomentum; T3 without a subapical band of tomentum; and metasoma usually black to brown (rarely red-orange). In many cases, the scutellum is significantly more coarsely and sparsely punctate than the mesoscutum (IS = 1–2 PD), but this is unreliable as a primary diagnostic character.
Females of L. gaudiale are most similar to those of L. angelicum sp. nov., L. eremum sp. nov., L. gloriosum sp. nov., L. indagator sp. nov., and L. pseudotegulare, all of which (except L. indagator) have the gena narrower than eye in lateral view and scutellum usually finely and densely punctate (IS <1 PD). In addition, females of L. eremum sp. nov. have the metapostnotum with anastomosing rugae reaching the posterior margin and T1 anterior slope coriarious. Females of L. gloriosum have the T1 anterior slope coriarious, mesoscutum lateral and posterior margins with dense tomentum, metapostnotum rugae usually reaching the posterior margin, and metasoma red-orange. Females of L. indagator have the tegula sparsely punctate (IS = 1–3 PD) and inner posterior margin weakly concave. Females of L. pseudotegulare have the metapostnotum entirely dull with fine rugae and tegula very large (exceeding posterior margin of mesoscutum in dorsal view) and more densely punctate (IS <1 PD). Females of L. angelicum sp. nov. have a similarly large tegula.
Males of L. gaudiale have the tegula relatively small (reaching or slightly exceeding posterior margin of mesoscutum in dorsal view), with inner posterior margin strongly concave and a narrow posterior point, and usually densely punctate (IS <1 PD); face relatively narrow (length/width ratio usually>0.83) with dense tomentum below the upper ocular tangent (often surrounding the median ocellus); metapostnotum usually shiny with strong subparallel rugae not reaching posterior margin; mesoscutum usually densely punctate (IS ≤ 1 PD) and fringed with tomentum; mesepisternum somewhat coarsely punctate with distinct interspaces (IS ≤1 PD); preëpisternum and metepisternum with sparse appressed tomentum; T2–T3 with abundant basolateral tomentum; and head and mesosoma integument usually deep blue.
Males of L. gaudiale are most similar to those of L. gloriosum sp. nov. and L. indagator sp. nov. Both of these species have the face broad (length/width ratio ≤ 0.83) and preëpisternum and metepisternum with more abundant tomentum. In addition, males of L. gloriosum have the mesepisternum very densely punctate (IS <1 PD); metapostnotum usually with anastomosing rugae reaching posterior margin; and integument usually greener. Males of L. indagator have the metapostnotum with very short parallel rugae not reaching the posterior margin; tegula inner posterior margin more weakly concave, forming a blunt angle posteriorly, and usually moderately sparsely punctate laterally (IS = 1–2 PD); and mesoscutum usually slightly more sparsely punctate (IS = 1–2 PD).
Etymology
Sandhouse (1924) formed the specific epithet ʻ gaudialis ʼ from the Latin noun ʻ gaudium ʼ (joy) and the adjectival suffix ʻ -alis ʼ (state or condition of), together meaning ʻjoyfulʼ.
Material examined
Holotype UNITED STATES – California • ♂; La Jolla; [32.83° N, 117.27° W]; August [day/year unknown]; Cockerell leg.; USNM 26418.
Other material
MEXICO – Aguascalientes • 1 ♀; 14 mi. W of Aguascalientes; [21.88° N, 102.51° W]; 10 Jul. 1983; P.W. Kovarik, Harrison, J.C. Schaffner leg.; TAMU-ENTO X1416976. – Baja California • 1 ♀; “ Gonzales Bay ” [Bahía de San Luis Gonzaga]; [29.79° N, 114.4° W]; 29 Apr. 1921; E.P. Van Duzee leg.; UCMC. – Baja California Sur • 1 ♀; 2 miles north of Todos Santos; 23.4687° N, 110.2399° W; 20 Oct. 2016; Paul A. Rude leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; ibid.; EMEC • 1 ♀; El Pedrito beach, 3 mi. S of Todos Santos; 23.3941° N, 110.2124° W; 24 Sep. 2016; Paul A. Rude leg.; EMEC • 1 ♂; La Paz; [24.14° N, 110.31° W]; 3 Jun. 1921; E.P. Van Duzee leg.; CAS • 1 ♀; La Paz; 24.1446° N, 110.31° W; 20 Feb. 1974; George E. Bohart leg.; BBSL1101069 • 2 ♀♀, 1 ♂; La Paz; 24.1742° N, 110.304° W; 5 Sep. 2016; Paul A. Rude leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; La Paz, 2 miles south; [24.08° N, 110.31° W]; 31 Jul. 1966; E.G. Linsley, J.M. Linsley leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; Monserrate Island, Gulf California; [25.68° N, 111.03° W]; 13 Jun. 1921; E.P. Van Duzee leg.; CAS • 1 ♀; Todos Santos; 23.4587° N, 110.2335° W; 8–12 Oct. 2018; Paul A. Rude leg.; EMEC. – Chihuahua • 1 ♀; Juarez; 31.7353° N, 106.4721° W; 22 Jul. 1971; D.W. Davis leg.; BBSL1101081 • 2 ♀♀; Municipio Buenaventura, 9 mi. N of Flores Magón; [30.07° N, 106.96° W]; 29 Jun. 1981; NMSU. – Coahuila • 1 ♂; Boquillas; 29.1883° N, 102.9374° W; 19 Jun. 1992; Robert L. Minckley leg.; ex Haplopappus; SEMC. – Sonora • 1 ♂; 10 mi. S of Guaymas; 27.9102° N, 110.7259° W; 7 Oct. 1968; George E. Bohart leg.; ex Tecoma stans; BBSL1100989 • 5 ♀♀; Rancho Puerta Blanca; 31.3119° N, 109.1133° W; 25 May 2008; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV083922, SBV083928, SBV083942, SBV083968, SBV083996 • 1 ♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3136° N, 109.2547° W; 29 Aug. 2001; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV137953 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 13 Aug. 2002; A. Romero leg.; RLM SBV043987 • 1 ♂; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3139° N, 109.2503° W; 3 Jun. 2002; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV016827 • 1 ♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.316° N, 109.2576° W; 6 Jun. 2004; Robert L. Minckley leg.; ex Baileya multiradiata; RLM SBV025444 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 10 Jun. 2004; N. de la Torre leg.; RLM SBV025674 • 1 ♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3169° N, 109.2592° W; 6 Jun. 2004; N. de la Torre leg.; RLM SBV025607 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 15 Jun. 2004; N. de la Torre leg.; RLM SBV054797 • 1 ♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3179° N, 109.2602° W; 15 Jun. 2004; N. de la Torre leg.; ex Baileya multiradiata; RLM SBV054768 • 3 ♀♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3195° N, 109.2701° W; 18 Aug. 2003; A. Nelson leg.; RLM SBV035698, SBV035715, SBV035722 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 19 Aug. 2003; A. Nelson leg.; RLM SBV036076 • 1 ♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3195° N, 109.2703° W; 8 May 2001; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV019590 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 8 May 2001; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV019591 • 1 ♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3196° N, 109.2693° W; 18 Aug. 2003; A. Nelson leg.; RLM SBV035622 • 12 ♀♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.32° N, 109.2685° W; 18 Aug. 2003; A. Nelson leg.; RLM SBV035642, SBV035649, SBV035650, SBV035651, SBV035652, SBV035653, SBV035659, SBV035660, SBV035661, SBV035665, SBV035666, SBV035670 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 19 Aug. 2003; A. Nelson leg.; RLM SBV035755 • 6 ♀♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3204° N, 109.2681° W; 2 Sep. 2003; A. Romero leg.; RLM SBV036595, SBV036596, SBV036606, SBV036613, SBV036631, SBV036636 • 1 ♀; Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3319° N, 109.2567° W; 11 Jun. 2004; A. Romero leg.; RLM SBV025922. – Unknown • 1 ♀; San Luis [exact location unknown]; 30 May 1955; G.D. Butler leg.; ex Heliotrope; UAIC.
UNITED STATES – Arizona • 3 ♀♀; Cochise Co., 10 mi. E of Douglas; [31.35° N, 109.35° W]; 22 Aug. 1994; Jerome G. Rozen, John S. Ascher leg.; AMNH • 1 ♀; Cochise Co., 2 mi. W of Fort Huachuca; [31.55° N, 110.38° W]; 28 Jun. 1983; W.J. Pulawski leg.; CAS CASENT 8416787 • 1 ♂; Cochise Co., Benson; [31.97° N, 110.29° W]; 12 Jul. 1952; R. H. Beamer, L.D. Beamer, W.E. LaBerge, Cheng Liang leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀; Cochise Co., Portal; 31.8833° N, 109.2055° W; 20 Jul. 2017; S. L. Buchmann leg.; WRME 518956 • 1 ♀; Cochise Co., Rancho San Bernardino; 31.3139° N, 109.2503° W; 16 Aug. 2000; K. Toal leg.; RLM SBV002658 • 1 ♀; Cochise Co., San Bernardino National Wildlife Refuge; 31.3369° N, 109.2436° W; 27Aug. 2001; Robert L. Minckley leg.; RLM SBV137736 • 1 ♀; Maricopa Co., Marquahala; [33.8° N, 113.3° W]; 15 Sep. 1979; J. Haworth, G.D. Butler leg.; UAIC • 10 ♀♀; Maricopa Co., Phoenix, Cotton Research Center; [33.404° N, 111.988° W]; 20–21 Sep. 1979; G.D. Butler leg.; ex cotton; UAIC • 1 ♀; Maricopa Co., Rainbow Valley; [33.2° N, 112.4° W]; 7 May 1980; J. Gillespie leg.; CUIC • 1 ♀; Mohave Co., “L. Havaska” [Lake Havasu] City; [34.48° N, 114.32° W]; 2 Apr. 1973; George E. Bohart leg.; BBSL700789 • 1 ♀; Mohave Co., 0.87 air km ESE of Beaver Dam; 36.8972° N, 113.9242° W; 10 May 2014; M.C. Orr leg.; ex Tamarix ramosissima; BBSL907904 • 1 ♀; Mohave Co., 10 mi. S of Lake Havasu City; [34.38° N, 114.2° W]; 14 Mar. 1972; P.F. Torchio, B. Apperson leg.; ex Phacelia; BBSL700792 • 2 ♀♀; Mohave Co., 2 mi. N of “Topac” [Topock]; [34.81° N, 114.5° W]; 1 May 1983; P.F. Torchio leg.; ex Nama; BBSL700787, BBSL700788 • 1 ♀; Mohave Co., Topock; [34.77° N, 114.49° W]; 15 Mar. 1972; P.F. Torchio, B. Apperson leg.; ex Cercidium; BBSL700794 • 1 ♂; Pima Co., 2 km NE of Oracle; 32.626° N, 110.7362° W; elev. 1240 m; 20–24 May 2013; M.E. Irwin leg.; BBSL FDP152841 • 1 ♂; Pima Co., Tucson; [32.2° N, 110.9° W]; 2 Jul. 1991; W. T. Wcislo leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀; Santa Cruz Co., near Elgin; [31.66° N, 110.53° W]; 21 Jul. 1998; Michael S. Engel leg.; SEMC SM0262290 • 3 ♀♀; Arivaca; [31.58° N, 111.33° W]; 13 Jul. 1950; Jerome G. Rozen leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀; Canelo; [31.54° N, 110.51° W]; 10 Jul. 1957; G.D. Butler leg.; UAIC • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; ibid.; 19 Jul. 1958; M.S. Adachi leg.; UAIC • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; ibid.; 20 Jul. 1958; G.D. Butler leg.; UAIC • 3 ♀♀; ibid.; 21 Jul. 1958; G.D. Butler leg.; UAIC • 1 ♂; Continental; [31.85° N, 110.97° W]; 1 Jun. 1960; G.D. Butler leg.; ex cotton; UAIC • 1 ♀; Dewey; [34.52° N, 112.25° W]; 28 Jul. 1956; G.D. Butler, Gerhardt leg.; ex alfalfa; UAIC • 1 ♀; Duncan; [32.72° N, 109.11° W]; 20 Mar. 1956; F.G. Werner, G.D. Butler leg.; ex alfalfa; UAIC • 1 ♀; Lake Mead National Recreation Area; [36.1° N, 114.5° W]; 13 May 1992; Jerome G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen leg.; ex Eucnide urens; AMNH • 1 ♂; Roll; [32.75° N, 113.99° W]; 3 Aug. 1954; G.D. Butler leg.; ex Bermuda; UAIC • 1 ♂; ibid.; 11 Aug. 1954; Bohart, G.D. Butler leg.; ex Euphorbia; UAIC • 1 ♀; S. Tucson; [32.2° N, 110.97° W]; 26 Jul. 1956; C. Williams leg.; ex cotton; UAIC • 1 ♂; Santa Rita Mountains; [31.8° N, 110.8° W]; 10 Jul. 1952; R. H. Beamer, L.D. Beamer, W.E. LaBerge, A. Wolf, Cheng Liang, C. Weiner leg.; SEMC • 1 ♂; Wickenburg; [33.97° N, 112.73° W]; 21 Jun. 1963; F.D. Parker, L.A. Stange leg.; UCDC • 1 ♂; Yuma; [32.69° N, 114.63° W]; 13 Jul. 1953; Haga leg.; ex cotton; UAIC • 2 ♀♀; ibid.; Jun. 1954; J. Ellington leg.; NMSU • 1 ♀; ibid.; 4 Jun. 1955; G.D. Butler leg.; ex Solanum “ elaegnife ”; CUIC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 18 Oct. 1957; D. Tuttle leg.; UAIC. – California • 1 ♀; Contra Costa Co., Antioch; [38° N, 121.81° W]; 26 Sep. 1948; W.F. Chamberlain leg.; ex Solidago; TAMU-ENTO X1389006 • 1 ♀; Fresno Co., Los Gatos Creek; 36.212° N, 120.4652° W; 22 May 1996; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000160143 • 2 ♀♀; Inyo Co., 0.4 mi. SSW of Keane Spring, Death Valley National Monument; [36.74° N, 116.91° W]; elev. 1128 m; 14 Apr. 1993; Terry L. Griswold, R. T. Griswold leg.; ex Phacelia fremontii; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000070562, FaunalSurvey No. 000070563 • 1 ♀; Inyo Co., Cucomungo Canyon, Last Chance Range; [37.33° N, 117.77° W]; elev. 1433 m; 22 Sep. 1987; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL700779 • 1 ♀; Inyo Co., Death Valley Junction; [36.3° N, 116.41° W]; 20 Sep. 1993; Terry L. Griswold leg.; ex Oxystylis lutea; BBSL700777 • 6 ♀♀; Inyo Co., Death Valley National Park, Cow Creek Ranger Station; [36.5° N, 116.87° W]; 26 Feb. 1999; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL359429, BBSL359431, BBSL359440, BBSL359441, BBSL359442, BBSL359443 • 1 ♀; Inyo Co., Grapevine Canyon, Death Valley National Monument; [37.005° N, 117.356° W]; elev. 760 m; 16 Sep. 1993; Terry L. Griswold leg.; ex Cleomella obtusifolia; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000070557 • 1 ♀; Inyo Co., Grapevine Canyon, Death Valley National Monument; [37.005° N, 117.356° W]; elev. 820 m; 16 Sep. 1993; Terry L. Griswold leg.; ex Eriogonum rixfordii; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000070561 • 8 ♀♀, 6 ♂♂; Inyo Co., Keeler; [36.49° N, 117.87° W]; elev. 1111 m; 15 Jun. 1975; E.G. Linsley, J.M. Linsley leg.; ex Tamarix aralensis; CUIC • 1 ♀; Inyo Co., Last Chance Range; 37.24° N, 117.64° W; elev. 1230 m; 16 Sep. 1993; ex Gutierrezia microcephala; BBSL700776 • 1 ♀; Inyo Co., Wildrose Spring; [36.262° N, 117.212° W]; elev. 1100 m; 19 Sep. 1993; Terry L. Griswold leg.; ex Gutierrezia microcephala; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000070566 • 1 ♀; Kern Co., Lost Hills; 35.6755° N, 119.9035° W; 15 Apr. 2015; A. Haack leg.; ex Phacelia ciliata; UCDC FORB201570531 • 2 ♀♀; Kern Co., Short Canyon; 35.7093° N, 117.9112° W; elev. 1200 m; 21–29 May 2008; M.E. Irwin leg.; BBSL FDP151829, FDP151874 • 1 ♀; Los Angeles Co., Ballona Wetlands near Playa del Rey; [33.97° N, 118.44° W]; 5 Jun. 1981; R. R. Snelling leg.; ex Cressa truxillensis vallicola; CUIC • 3 ♀♀; Los Angeles Co., Chatsworth; 34.26° N, 118.601° W; 1–8 Jul. 2017; LACM • 1 ♂; Riverside Co., 18 mi. W of Blythe; 33.6064° N, 114.9022° W; 19 Apr. 2003; Jerome G. Rozen, B.L. Rozen leg.; AMNH • 4 ♀♀; Riverside Co., Deep Canyon alluvial outwash; 33.6783° N, 116.3717° W; elev. 200 m; 4 Jun. 2002; M.E. Irwin leg.; BBSL FDP151744, FDP151751, FDP151755, FPD151742 • 1 ♀; Riverside Co., Indio, 2 miles northwest; [33.74° N, 116.24° W]; 26 Oct. 1952; Ray F. Smith, E.G. Linsley leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; Riverside Co., Norco; 33.912° N, 117.5702° W; 1–8 Jun. 2016; LACM • 1 ♀; Riverside Co., Palm Springs; 33.6796° N, 116.548° W; 4–9 Apr. 2014; F.D. Parker, T. D. McIntyre leg.; BBSL FDP146595 • 3 ♂♂; ibid.; 4–9 Apr. 2014; F.D. Parker, T. D. McIntyre leg.; BBSL FDP146635, FDP146762, FDP146778 • 5 ♀♀; ibid.; 14–18 Apr. 2014; F.D. Parker, T. D. McIntyre leg.; BBSL FDP145666, FDP145748, FDP145766, FDP145831, FPD145597 • 3 ♂♂; ibid.; 14–18 Apr. 2014; F.D. Parker, T. D. McIntyre leg.; BBSL FDP145644, FDP145837, FDP145845 • 2 ♀♀; ibid.; 28 Apr.–1 May 2014; F.D. Parker, T. D. McIntyre leg.; BBSL FDP144390, FDP144445 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 28 Apr.–1 May 2014; F.D. Parker, T. D. McIntyre leg.; BBSL FDP144504 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 1–5 May 2014; F.D. Parker, T. D. McIntyre leg.; BBSL FDP144809 • 1 ♀; Riverside Co., Sycamore Canyon Park; 33.9542° N, 117.3197° W; elev. 380 m; 17 Oct. 2015; Douglas Yanega leg.; UCRC ENT 458863 • 4 ♀♀; San Bernardino Co., 30 mi. W of Baker; [35.26° N, 116.61° W]; 1 May 1993; P.F. Torchio, D.M. Torchio leg.; ex Mentzelia; BBSL700797, BBSL700798, BBSL700799, BBSL700800 • 2 ♀♀; San Bernardino Co., 49 Palms Oasis; 34.1064° N, 116.1053° W; elev. 845 m; 27 Apr. 2012; UCR Team leg.; UCRC ENT 394707, 394712 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 27 Apr. 2012; UCR Team leg.; UCRC ENT 394726 • 8 ♀♀; San Bernardino Co., 9 air miles south of Baker, Zzyzx Springs; [35.14° N, 116.1° W]; 20 Apr. 1977; J. Doyen leg.; ex tamarisk; EMEC • 2 ♀♀; ibid.; 20–21 Apr. 1977; M.E. Buegler leg.; EMEC • 4 ♀♀, 2 ♂♂; ibid.; 22 Apr. 1977; J. Powell leg.; ex Cleomella obtusifolia; EMEC • 4 ♀♀; ibid.; 23 Apr. 1977; J. Powell leg.; ex Cleomella obtusifolia; EMEC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 23 Apr. 1977; M.E. Buegler leg.; EMEC • 1 ♂; San Bernardino Co., Clipper Valley, T10 N R15 E Sec. 30; [34.93° N, 115.45° W]; elev. 930 m; 29 May 1983; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000094348 • 1 ♂; San Bernardino Co., Granite Mountains, T8 N R13 E Sec. 17; [34.78° N, 115.64° W]; elev. 1234 m; 22–25 May 1983; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000110468 • 1 ♀; San Bernardino Co., Kelso Dunes; [34.91° N, 115.72° W]; 21 Apr. 1984; S. Hawley leg.; EMEC • 1 ♂; San Bernardino Co., Saratoga Springs; [35.681° N, 116.423° W]; 22–23 Apr. 1977; J. Doyen leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 22 Apr. 1977; R. Cave leg.; EMEC • 2 ♀♀; San Bernardino Co., Twentynine Palms; [34.14° N, 116.05° W]; 14 Apr. 1938; BBSL700795, BBSL700796 • 1 ♂; San Bernardino Co., Yermo; [34.91° N, 116.84° W]; 7 Sep. 1952; ex Astragalus; SEMC • 3 ♀♀; San Bernardino Co., Zzyzx Spring; [35.14° N, 116.1° W]; 26 Mar. 1988; S. O’Keefe leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; San Bernardino Co., Zzyzx Spring; 35.1333° N, 116.1° W; 22–24 May 1982; J.P. Donahue, K.E.S. Donahue leg.; LACM ENT 394513 • 1 ♀; San Diego Co., Borrego; [33.22° N, 116.33° W]; 17? 1956; F.X. Williams leg.; ex Eriogonum inflatum; CAS • 1 ♀; Santa Barbara Co., UCSB North Campus Open Space; 34.4183° N, 119.8776° W; 17 May 2019; CCBER UCSB-IZC00030291 • 3 ♀♀; Ventura Co., Point Mugu State Park, Naval Air Station Area 1; 34.11° N, 119.1° W; 31 Aug.–25 Sep. 1981; C.D. Nagano, J.M. Hogue leg.; LACM • 1 ♀; 0.4 mi. E of Amador City; 38.4208° N, 120.8188° W; 9 Sep. 2017; Paul A. Rude leg.; EMEC • 1 ♀; Anza-Borrego; 33.108° N, 116.4976° W; 23 Mar. 2012; K.J. Hung leg.; WRME • 2 ♀♀; Anza-Borrego; 33.1338° N, 116.3665° W; 2 Mar. 2013; K.J. Hung leg.; WRME • 2 ♀♀; Anza-Borrego; 33.2114° N, 116.4456° W; 12 Sep. 2013; K.J. Hung leg.; ex Argemone sp.; WRME • 1 ♀; Anza-Borrego, Lost Valley Road; 33.3746° N, 116.6141° W; 2 May 2015; K.J. Hung, Cen, Davids leg.; WRME • 2 ♂♂; Coronado; 32.6398° N, 117.1423° W; 14 Aug. 2013; K.J. Hung leg.; WRME • 1 ♀; Davis; [38.54° N, 121.74° W]; 29 Sep. 1962; M.E. Irwin leg.; UCDC • 1 ♀; La Mesa; [32.77° N, 117.02° W]; 28 Jun. 2011; K.J. Hung leg.; WRME • 2 ♀♀; Salton City, corner of Service Road and Cleveland Road; 33.2943° N, 115.9763° W; 4 May 2012; Z.M. Portman leg.; BBSL813983, BBSL813984 • 1 ♀; Wineville; [33.98° N, 117.52° W]; 8 Mar. 1933; Philip H. Timberlake leg.; UCDC. – Colorado • 1 ♀; Boulder Co., BCPOS Braly; 40.1983° N, 105.2151° W; elev. 1574 m; 2 Jun. 2016; A. C., A. M. leg.; UCMC 0255638 • 2 ♀♀; Boulder Co., BCPOS Bullock; 40.2112° N, 105.2416° W; elev. 1605 m; 25 May 2016; T. S., A. C. leg.; UCMC 0255160, UCMC 0255205 • 1 ♀; Boulder Co., BCPOS Gage; 40.1882° N, 105.1962° W; elev. 1566 m; 3 Jun. 2016; A. C., A. M. leg.; UCMC 255831 • 1 ♂; Boulder Co., BCPOS Keyes; 40.1516° N, 105.0695° W; elev. 1491 m; 27 Jul. 2016; A. C., N. S., L. M. leg.; UCMC 260773 • 1 ♀; Boulder Co., BCPOS Wallace; 40.2111° N, 105.2372° W; elev. 1601 m; 23 Jun. 2016; T. S., A. M. leg.; UCMC 0254900 • 2 ♀♀; Boulder Co., BCPOS Western Mobile; 40.206° N, 105.2241° W; elev. 1598 m; 2 Jun. 2016; A. C., A. M. leg.; UCMC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 16 Aug. 2016; A. C., T. S. leg.; UCMC 0260263 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 16 Aug. 2016; A. C., T. S. leg.; UCMC 0260264. – Nevada • 1 ♂; Clark Co., 0.27 mi. NNE of Toquop Wash; 36.7735° N, 114.1863° W; 23 Sep. 2005; A. Portoluri leg.; ex Croton wigginsii; BBSL686049 • 1 ♂; Clark Co., 0.6 mi. E of Calville Point; 36.1335° N, 114.6791° W; elev. 381 m; 7 Apr. 2004; E. Rentz leg.; ex Cryptantha; BBSL578738 • 1 ♂; Clark Co., 0.7 mi. S of Wheeler Well; 36.3613° N, 115.8279° W; 12 Jul. 2005; S. Higbee leg.; ex Eriogonum sp.; BBSL671656 • 2 ♂♂; Clark Co., 1.4 mi. S of Cottonwood Spring; 36.0256° N, 115.4026° W; elev. 1085 m; 12 May 2004; S. Higbee, L. Saul leg.; BBSL576355, BBSL576393 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 10 mi. SW of Mesquite; [36.71° N, 114.2° W]; 30 Jun. 1982; F.D. Parker leg.; BBSL700764 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 2.17 mi. NE of Saddle Island; 36.0969° N, 114.8234° W; 18 Apr. 2005; R. Andrus leg.; ex Heliotropium curassavicum; BBSL669659 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 18 Apr. 2005; S. Higbee leg.; ex Eucnide urens; BBSL677216 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 18 Apr. 2005; S. Higbee leg.; BBSL687107 • 1 ♂; Clark Co., 2.2 mi. SSW of Mormon Well; 36.6147° N, 115.1111° W; elev. 2008 m; 14 Jun. 2004; E. Ahlstrom, D. Skandilis leg.; BBSL537618 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 2.3 mi. E of Sheep Mountain; 35.7473° N, 115.2407° W; elev. 896 m; 12 May 2004; Terry L. Griswold, E. Ahlstrom leg.; BBSL576500 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 2.34 mi. SE of The Narrows; 36.6064° N, 114.4987° W; 3 May 2005; R. Andrus leg.; ex Stephanomeria pauciflora; BBSL670406 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 3.0 mi. SE of Rainbow Mountain; 36.0814° N, 115.4479° W; elev. 1110 m; 23 Aug. 2004; Terry L. Griswold leg.; ex Chamaesyce albomarginata; BBSL543716 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 3.23 mi. S of Gale Hills; 36.1913° N, 114.7364° W; 21 Apr. 2005; E. Ahlstrom leg.; BBSL663915 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 21 Apr. 2005; R. Andrus leg.; BBSL651024 • 1 ♂; Clark Co., 3.7 mi. NE of Wheeler Pass; 36.4219° N, 115.7417° W; 14 Jul. 2005; S. Higbee leg.; ex Melilotus alba; BBSL687034 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 3.9 mi. SSW of Whitney Pocket; 36.4651° N, 114.1537° W; 26 May 2005; R. Andrus leg.; BBSL650776 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 4.13 mi. SE of Eldorado Valley; 35.8166° N, 114.9032° W; 13 Apr. 2005; R. Andrus leg.; BBSL650863 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 5.5 mi. NE of Las Vegas; [36.3° N, 115° W]; 25 Apr. 1993; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL700747 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., 6 mi. SE of Mesquite; [36.74° N, 113.99° W]; 2 May 1986; P.F. Torchio, D.M. Torchio leg.; ex Eriogonum; BBSL700745 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Christmas Tree Pass; 35.26° N, 114.7418° W; 10 Jun. 1998; M.Andrus, K. Receveur, K. Keen, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL282931 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Gold Butte; 36.2815° N, 114.1933° W; 18 Sep. 1998; W. R. Bowlin leg.; BBSL321011 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Gypsum Spring; 36.2093° N, 114.912° W; 12 Mar. 1998; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL278167 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Juanita Spring Ranch, S of Riverside; [36.64° N, 114.25° W]; 12–14 May 1984; F.D. Parker leg.; BBSL700746 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 12–14 May 1984; F.D. Parker leg.; BBSL700647 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Kyle Canyon; 36.2653° N, 115.6584° W; 15 Jul. 2005; E. Green leg.; ex Mentzelia sp.; BBSL675756 • 7 ♀♀; Clark Co., Las Vegas Wash; 36.117° N, 114.9023° W; 7 Apr. 1998; M. Andrus, K. Receveur, K. Keen, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL262835, BBSL262836, BBSL262839, BBSL262841, BBSL262842, BBSL262843, BBSL262844 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Logandale; [36.6° N, 114.48° W]; 27 Apr. 1972; George E. Bohart, P.F. Torchio, F.D. Parker leg.; ex Heliotropium; BBSL700765 • 2 ♀♀; Clark Co., Mormon Well Road; 36.4355° N, 115.351° W; 15 Sep. 1998; W. R. Bowlin leg.; BBSL323807, BBSL324859 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Mormon Well Road; 36.4362° N, 115.352° W; 15 Sep. 1998; W. R. Bowlin leg.; BBSL323764 • 1 ♂; Clark Co., Mormon Well Road; 36.6045° N, 115.1113° W; 1 Jul. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz leg.; ex white composite; BBSL299550 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., N of Devils Throat; 36.438° N, 114.153° W; 12 Aug. 1998; C. Shultz, Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL316950 • 1 ♂; Clark Co., N of Devils Throat; 36.4427° N, 114.151° W; 6 Oct. 1998; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL318689 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., N of Jean; 35.8102° N, 115.2998° W; 8 Oct. 1998; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL318803 • 2 ♀♀; Clark Co., N of Mormon Well; 36.689° N, 115.0932° W; 1 Jul. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL304351, BBSL304362 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., NW of Sandy Valley; 35.8575° N, 115.689° W; 25 Aug. 1998; O.I. Messinge, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL315266 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Pahrump; [36.18° N, 115.88° W]; 12 Jun. 1989; P.F. Torchio leg.; BBSL700748 • 3 ♀♀; Clark Co., Peek-A-Boo Canyon; 36.5032° N, 115.1577° W; 16 Jul. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL300219, BBSL300518, BBSL300529 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 16 Jul. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL299774 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., S of Mormon Well; 36.6368° N, 115.109° W; 16 Jul. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL302097 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., S of Telephone Canyon; 36.2692° N, 115.4882° W; 16 Jun. 1998; M. Andrus, K. Receveur, K. Keen, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL296574 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., S of Telephone Canyon; 36.2692° N, 115.5548° W; 16 Jun. 1998; M. Andrus, K. Receveur, K. Keen, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL288586 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Sandy Valley; 35.852° N, 115.6715° W; 25 Aug. 1998; O.I. Messinge, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL314983 • 4 ♀♀; Clark Co., Sandy Valley; 35.8525° N, 115.6717° W; 15 Sep. 1998; W. R. Bowlin leg.; BBSL322334, BBSL322536, BBSL322543, BBSL323244 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Sandy Valley; 35.855° N, 115.6697° W; 15 Sep. 1998; W. R. Bowlin leg.; BBSL322432 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., Sawmill Road; 36.6962° N, 115.0888° W; 1 Jul. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL306318 • 5 ♀♀; Clark Co., SE of Black Butte; 35.8627° N, 115.6903° W; 15 Sep. 1998; W. R. Bowlin leg.; BBSL322255, BBSL323419, BBSL323427, BBSL324439, BBSL324972 • 22 ♀♀; Clark Co., Spring Mountain Ranch; [36.07° N, 115.45° W]; May–Jul. 1988; M.J. Verchick leg.; BBSL700744, BBSL700749, BBSL700750, BBSL700751, BBSL700752, BBSL700753, BBSL700754, BBSL700755, BBSL700756, BBSL700757, BBSL700758, BBSL700759, BBSL700760, BBSL700761, BBSL700762, BBSL700763, BBSL700766, BBSL700767, BBSL700768, BBSL700769, BBSL700771, BBSL700772 • 1 ♂; ibid.; May–Jul. 1988; M.J. Verchick leg.; BBSL700651 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., SW of Columbia Pass; 35.8102° N, 115.5185° W; 10 Aug. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz, Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL313286 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., SW of Jean; 35.777° N, 115.3232° W; 11 Aug. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz, Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL309889 • 2 ♀♀; Clark Co., W of Beehive Rock; 36.4088° N, 114.5803° W; 5 Aug. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL309857, BBSL312832 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., W of Calico Hills; 36.1578° N, 115.452° W; 14–15 May 1998; M. Andrus, K. Receveur, K. Keen, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL266228 • 2 ♀♀; Clark Co., W of Sheep Mountain; 35.7598° N, 115.3213° W; 11 Aug. 1998; M. Andrus, C. Shultz, Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL313212, BBSL313779 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., W of Wilson Pass; 35.8705° N, 115.541° W; 5 Jun. 1998; F.D. Parker leg.; BBSL275008 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., W of Wilson Pass; 35.8782° N, 115.5187° W; 5 Jun. 1998; F.D. Parker leg.; BBSL274937 • 1 ♀; Clark Co., West End Wash, Lake Mead NRA; [36.15° N, 114.72° W]; elev. 549 m; 31 Mar. 1993; Terry L. Griswold, V. J. Tepedino leg.; ex Arctomecon californica; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000031400 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 31 Mar. 1993; Terry L. Griswold, V. J. Tepedino leg.; ex Lepidium; BBSL FaunalSurvey No. 000031138 • 1 ♂; Clark Co., Wheeler Wash; 36.3004° N, 115.824° W; elev. 1722 m; 27 Aug. 2004; E. Rentz leg.; ex Eriogonum sp.; BBSL578532 • 2 ♀♀; Mineral Co., Walker Lake, Tamarisk Beach; [38.7° N, 118.77° W]; 7 Jun. 2000; R. Andrus leg.; ex prostrate plant, blossoms purplish in fiddlehead; BBSL358932, BBSL358946 • 7 ♂♂; ibid.; 7 Jun. 2000; R. Andrus leg.; ex prostrate plant, blossoms purplish in fiddlehead; BBSL358937, BBSL358938, BBSL358939, BBSL358940, BBSL358942, BBSL358943, BBSL358944 • 5 ♀♀; ibid.; 7 Jun. 2000; R. Andrus leg.; ex succulent, prostrate plant, petals five, pink; BBSL358949, BBSL358951, BBSL358952, BBSL358954, BBSL358955 • 2 ♂♂; ibid.; 7 Jun. 2000; R. Andrus leg.; ex succulent, prostrate plant, petals five, pink; BBSL358950, BBSL358953 • 1 ♀; Nye Co., 1.3 mi. SW of Crystal Spring; 36.413° N, 115.9889° W; 12 May 2004; E. Rentz leg.; ex Penstemon fructiformis ssp. amargosae; BBSL533094 • 1 ♀; Nye Co., Pahrump; [36.21° N, 115.99° W]; 25 Sep. 1991; G. Trostle leg.; BBSL700778 • 1 ♀; Nye Co., S of Wheeler Wash; 36.1943° N, 115.912° W; 15 Jun. 1998; M. Andrus, K. Receveur, K. Keen, C. Shultz leg.; BBSL304843 • 4 ♀♀; Las Vegas, 8930 Lansberry Court; 36.1072° N, 115.2863° W; elev. 780 m; 1–20 Jul. 2014; K. Ribardo leg.; UCRC ENT 480486, 480503, 480523, 480548 • 7 ♂♂; ibid.; 1–20 Jul. 2014; K. Ribardo leg.; UCRC ENT 480493, 480494, 480518, 480531, 480532, 480546, 480554. – New Mexico • 1 ♀; Catron Co., Glenwood; [33.32° N, 108.88° W]; 1 Jun. 1965; R. M. Bohart leg.; UCDC • 1 ♀; Doña Ana Co., Las Cruces; [32.32° N, 106.76° W]; 12 Jun. 1950; R. H. Beamer leg.; SEMC • 1 ♀; ibid.; 3 Jul. 1962; J.L. Lopez leg.; NMSU • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; ibid.; 10 Jul. 1962; J.L. Lopez leg.; NMSU • 2 ♀♀; ibid.; 27 Jun. 1963; J.L. Lopez leg.; NMSU • 1 ♀; Eddy Co.; 32.3233° N, 103.74° W; 8 Jun. 1979; D. R. Delorme, H.L. Carrola leg.; TAMU-ENTO X1387860 • 1 ♀; Hidalgo Co., 22.6 km S of Animas; [31.74° N, 108.81° W]; 13 Jul. 1987; ex Berlandiera; SEMC • 1 ♀; Otero Co., bottom Alamo Canyon, T16 S R10 E Sec. 34; [32.87° N, 107.86° W]; elev. 1465–1525 m; 26 Jun. 1992; W. R. Bowlin, M. Juhn leg.; ex Argemone pleicantha pinnatisecta; CUIC • 1 ♂; Roosevelt Co., Oasis State Park, near Portales; [34.26° N, 103.35° W]; 17 Sep. 1970; Baker, Kamm, Charles D. Michener leg.; ex Helianthus petiolaris; SEMC • 1 ♀; Sierra Co., Highway 27; 32.6803° N, 107.5241° W; elev. 1529 m; 12 Aug. 2007; Jason J. Gibbs, C. Sheffield leg.; PCYU PYU-6681 • 1 ♀; Socorro Co., Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge; [33.8° N, 106.89° W]; 21 Apr.–5 May 2008; TAMU. – Texas • 2 ♀♀; Brewster Co., Elephant Mountain WMA, Calamity Creek; 30.0371° N, 103.5653° W; 22–23 Apr. 2011; E.G. Riley leg.; TAMU-ENTO X0610459, X0612033 • 1 ♀; Culberson Co., 26 km N of Van Horn; [31.26° N, 104.84° W]; 9 Apr. 1986; Terry L. Griswold leg.; BBSL700631 • 1 ♀; Culberson Co., SE corner of Guadalupe Mountains National Park; [31.82° N, 104.92° W]; elev. 1400 m; 7 Apr. 1986; R. T. Griswold leg.; BBSL236744 • 3 ♀♀; El Paso Co., Franklin Mountains State Park, McKelligon Canyon Park; [31.84° N, 106.485° W]; 15–30 Jul. 2005; N. Brown leg.; TAMU-ENTO X1359897, X1359934, X1362510 • 1 ♀; Jeff Davis Co., 9 mi. S of Kent; [30.94° N, 104.22° W]; 29 May 1999; Laurence Packer leg.; PCYU PYU-844 • 1 ♀; Jeff Davis Co., 9–18 mi. S of Kent; [30.9° N, 104.22° W]; 29 May 1999; Laurence Packer leg.; PCYU PYU-849 • 1 ♀; Jeff Davis Co., Madera Canyon Park, Davis Mountains; [30.71° N, 104.11° W]; 20 Jul. 1950; Ray F. Smith leg.; AMNH • 1 ♂; Travis Co., Austin; [30.26° N, 97.74° W]; 28 Sep.–10 Oct. 1975; Bob Henderson leg.; TAMU-ENTO X1398814. – Utah • 1 ♀; San Juan Co., Glen Canyon, Pyro hanging garden; [37.1° N, 110.9° W]; 26 Jun. 1992; J.F. Fowler leg.; BBSL700850 • 1 ♀; Washington Co., Beaver Dam Slope; [37.1° N, 113.96° W]; 10–12 Aug. 1983; W.J. Hanson leg.; BBSL700676 • 27 ♀♀; Washington Co., Beaver Dam Wash; [37.1° N, 114.02° W]; 10–24 Jun. 1987; BBSL700652, BBSL700653, BBSL700655, BBSL700656, BBSL700657, BBSL700658, BBSL700659, BBSL700660, BBSL700662, BBSL700663, BBSL700664, BBSL700665, BBSL700666, BBSL700667, BBSL700668, BBSL700671, BBSL700672, BBSL700673, BBSL700684, BBSL700781, BBSL700801, BBSL700802, BBSL700803, BBSL700804, BBSL700805, BBSL700806, BBSL700807 • 17 ♂♂; ibid.; 10–24 Jun. 1987; BBSL700654, BBSL700810, BBSL700811, BBSL700814, BBSL700815, BBSL700816, BBSL700817, BBSL700818, BBSL700820, BBSL700823, BBSL700824, BBSL700826, BBSL700827, BBSL700828, BBSL700829, BBSL700831, BBSL700833 • 1 ♀; Washington Co., Beaver Dam Wash, Lytle Ranch Preserve; [37.14° N, 114.02° W]; 10–24 Jun. 1987; W.J. Hanson leg.; BBSL700683 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 10–24 Jun. 1987; W.J. Hanson leg.; BBSL700812 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 20 Jul.–6 Aug. 1987; W.J. Hanson leg.; BBSL700780 • 1 ♂; ibid.; 20 Jul.–6 Aug. 1987; W.J. Hanson leg.; BBSL700813 • 1 ♀; ibid.; 19 Aug.– 10 Sep. 1987; W.J. Hanson leg.; BBSL700682 • 1 ♀; Washington Co., Ivins; [37.17° N, 113.68° W]; 16 Jul. 1980; Hanson, G.F. Knowlton, Clemons leg.; ex Chrysothamnus; BBSL700681.
Range
California and Mojave, Sonoran, and Chihuahuan Deserts, with some outliers in eastern Colorado, eastern Texas, and Aguascalientes (Fig. 26).
Floral hosts
ASTERACEAE: Baileya: B. multiradiata • Chrysothamnus • Gutierrezia: G. microcephala • Haplopappus Cass. • Solidago L. • Stephanomeria: S. pauciflora (Torr.) A.Nelson • BIGNONIACEAE: Tecoma Juss.: T. stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth • BORAGINACEAE: Cryptantha Lehm. ex G.Don • Heliotropium L.: H.curassavicum L. • Nama • Phacelia: P. ciliata Benth. • P. fremontii Torr. • BRASSICACEAE: Lepidium • CLEOMACEAE: Cleomella DC.: C. obtusifolia Torr. & Frém. • Oxystylis Torr. & Frém.: O. lutea Torr. & Frém. • CONVOLVULACEAE Juss.: Cressa L.: C. truxillensis Kunth • EUPHORBIACEAE: Croton: C. wigginsii • Euphorbia: E. albomarginata • FABACEAE: Astragalus L. • Cercidium • Medicago: M. sativa • Melilotus: M. officinalis: M. o. subsp. alba • LOASACEAE: Eucnide Zucc.: E. urens Parry • Mentzelia • MALVACEAE: Gossypium • PAPAVERACEAE: Arctomecon: A. californicum • Argemone: A. pleiacantha Greene: A. p. subsp. pinnatisecta G.B.Ownbey • PLANTAGINACEAE: Penstemon: P. fruticiformis Coville • POLYGONACEAE: Eriogonum: E. inflatum Torr. & Frém. • E. rixfordii S.Stokes • SOLANACEAE: Solanum: S. elaeagnifolium • TAMARICACEAE: Tamarix: T. aralensis Bunge • T. ramosissima.
DNA barcodes
Twelve confirmed sequences available, two haplotypes (BOLD process IDs: BEECB223-07, BEECB225-07, BEECB226-07, DLII648-07, NCBEE405-21, NCBEE406-21, NCBEE617-21 (haplotype 1); DLIII156-19, DLIII226-20, DLIII228-20, DLIII229-20, DLIII230-20 (haplotype 2)). There is a large amount of divergence within these sequences (2.61% maximum intraspecific p-distance). They are closest in terms of p-distance to L. helianthi (1.07% minimum interspecific p-distance). No fixed nucleotide substitutions distinguish all L. gaudiale from all other Nearctic species of the L. gemmatum complex, but two fixed substitutions distinguish haplotype 1, and two fixed substitutions distinguish haplotype 2: 205(C) and 357(C) (haplotype 1); 408(A) and 411(T) (haplotype 2) (Supp. file 2).
Comments
Common in Nevada and California, becoming rare further east. Lasioglossum gaudiale is especially abundant in the Mojave Desert.
description: Published as part of Gardner, Joel & Gibbs, Jason, 2023, Revision of the Nearctic species of the Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gemmatum species complex (Hymenoptera: Halictidae), pp. 1-222 in European Journal of Taxonomy 858 (1) on pages 76-86, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.858.2041, http://zenodo.org/record/7629347