cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The satellite population around luminous red galaxies in the 25 square degree DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys Early Data Release
Creators: name: Townsend, Melinda
name: Rudnick, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Luminous Red Galaxies, or LRGs, are representative of the most massive galaxies and were originally selected in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey as good tracers of large scale structure. They are dominated by by uniformly old stellar populations, have low star formation rates, early type morphologies, and little cold gas. Despite having old stellar populations and little in situ star formation, studies have shown that they have grown their stellar mass since z=1, implying that they grow predominantly via the accretion of satellites. Tests of this picture have been limited because of the lack of deep imaging data sets that both covers a large enough area of the sky to contain substantial numbers of LRGs and that also is deep enough to detect faint satellites. We use the 25 square degree Early Data Release (EDR) of the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys to characterize the satellite galaxy population of LRGs out to z=0.65. The DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys are comprised of grz imaging to 2-2.5 mag deeper than SDSS and with better image quality. We use a new statistical background technique to identify excess populations of putative satellite galaxies around 1823 LRGs at 0.2
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 20 pages, 9 figures and 2 tables in main text, 6 figures in appendix
Change points and temporal dependence in reconstructions of annual temperature: Did Europe experience a Little Ice Age?
Creators: name: Kelly, Morgan
name: Gráda, Cormac Ó
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We analyze the timing and extent of Northern European temperature falls during the Little Ice Age, using standard temperature reconstructions. However, we can find little evidence of temporal dependence or structural breaks in European weather before the twentieth century. Instead, European weather between the fifteenth and nineteenth centuries resembles uncorrelated draws from a distribution with a constant mean (although there are occasional decades of markedly lower summer temperature) and variance, with the same behavior holding more tentatively back to the twelfth century. Our results suggest that observed conditions during the Little Ice Age in Northern Europe are consistent with random climate variability. The existing consensus about apparent cold conditions may stem in part from a Slutsky effect, where smoothing data gives the spurious appearance of irregular oscillations when the underlying time series is white noise.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/14-AOAS753 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
New proton-capture rates on carbon isotopes and their impact on the astrophysical $^{12}\mathrm{C}/{}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ ratio
Creators: name: Skowronski, J.
name: Boeltzig, A.
name: Ciani, G. F.
name: Csedreki, L.
name: Piatti, D.
name: Aliotta, M.
name: Ananna, C.
name: Barile, F.
name: Bemmerer, D.
name: Best, A.
name: Broggini, C.
name: Bruno, C. G.
name: Caciolli, A.
name: Campostrini, M.
name: Cavanna, F.
name: Colombetti, P.
name: Compagnucci, A.
name: Corvisiero, P.
name: Davinson, T.
name: Depalo, R.
name: Di Leva, A.
name: Elekes, Z.
name: Ferraro, F.
name: Formicola, A.
name: Fülöp, Zs.
name: Gervino, G.
name: Gesuè, R. M.
name: Guglielmetti, A.
name: Gustavino, C.
name: Gyürky, Gy.
name: Imbriani, G.
name: Junker, M.
name: Lugaro, M.
name: Marigo, P.
name: Masha, E.
name: Menegazzo, R.
name: Paticchio, V.
name: Perrino, R.
name: Prati, P.
name: Rapagnani, D.
name: Rigato, V.
name: Schiavulli, L.
name: Sidhu, R. S.
name: Straniero, O.
name: Szücs, T.
name: Zavatarelli, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}/{}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ ratio is a significant indicator of nucleosynthesis and mixing processes during hydrogen burning in stars. Its value mainly depends on the relative rates of the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(p,γ){}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ and ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}(p,γ){}^{14}\mathrm{N}$ reactions. Both reactions have been studied at the Laboratory for Underground Nuclear Astrophysics (LUNA) in Italy down to the lowest energies to date ($E_\mathrm{c.m.} = 60\,\mathrm{keV}$) reaching for the first time the high energy tail of hydrogen burning in the shell of giant stars. Our cross sections, obtained with both prompt $γ$-ray detection and activation measurements, are the most precise to date with overall systematic uncertainties of $7-8\%$. Compared with most of the literature, our results are systematically lower, by $25\%$ for the ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}(p,γ){}^{13}\mathrm{N}$ reaction and by $30\%$ for ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}(p,γ){}^{14}\mathrm{N}$. We provide the most precise value up to now of $(3.6 \pm 0.4)$ in the $20-140\,\mathrm{MK}$ range for the lowest possible ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}/{}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ ratio that can be produced during H burning in giant stars.
description: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Smoothing Rotation Curves and Mass Profiles
Creators: name: Berrier, Joel C.
name: Sellwood, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that spiral activity can erase pronounced features in disk galaxy rotation curves. We present simulations of growing disks, in which the added material has a physically motivated distribution, as well as other examples of physically less realistic accretion. In all cases, attempts to create unrealistic rotation curves were unsuccessful because spiral activity rapidly smoothed away features in the disk mass profile. The added material was redistributed radially by the spiral activity, which was itself provoked by the density feature. In the case of a ridge-like feature in the surface density profile, we show that two unstable spiral modes develop, and the associated angular momentum changes in horseshoe orbits remove particles from the ridge and spread them both inwards and outwards. This process rapidly erases the density feature from the disk. We also find that the lack of a feature when transitioning from disk to halo dominance in the rotation curves of disk galaxies, the so called "disk-halo conspiracy", could also be accounted for by this mechanism. We do not create perfectly exponential mass profiles in the disk, but suggest that this mechanism contributes to their creation.
description: Minor corrections in proofs and updates to references, 16 pages, 16 figures
Additional file 10 of Screening for hypertension in adults: protocol for evidence reviews to inform a Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care guideline update
Creators: name: Shaver, Nicole
name: Beck, Andrew
name: Bennett, Alexandria
name: Wilson, Brenda J.
name: Garritty, Chantelle
name: Subnath, Melissa
name: Grad, Roland
name: Persaud, Navindra
name: Thériault, Guylène
name: Flemming, Jennifer
name: Thombs, Brett D.
name: LeBlanc, John
name: Kaczorowski, Janusz
name: Liu, Peter
name: Clark, Christopher E.
name: Traversy, Gregory
name: Graham, Eva
name: Feber, Janusz
name: Leenen, Frans H. H.
name: Premji, Kamila
name: Pap, Robert
name: Skidmore, Becky
name: Brouwers, Melissa
name: Moher, David
name: Little, Julian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 10. Stakeholder review and feedback.
Characteristics of an Advective Marine Heatwave in the Middle Atlantic Bight in Early 2017
Creators: name: Ellertson, A.
name: Fratantoni, P.
name: Han, L.
name: Bahr, F.
name: Gawarkiewicz, G.
name: Seim, H.
name: Chen, K.
name: Mercer, A.M.
name: Forsyth, J.
name: Haines, S.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2019

description: There has been wide interest in Marine Heatwaves and their ecological consequences in recent years. Most analyses have focused on remotely sensed sea surface temperature data due to the temporal and spatial coverage it provides in order to establish the presence and duration of Heatwaves. Using hydrographic data from a variety of sources, we show that an advective Marine Heatwave was initiated by an event in late December of 2016 south of New England, with temperature anomalies measuring up to 6°C and salinity anomalies exceeding 1 PSU. Similar features were observed off of New Jersey in February 2017, and are associated with the Shelfbreak Front migrating from its normal position to mid-shelf or further onshore. Shelf water of 34 PSU was observed just north of Cape Hatteras at the 30 m isobath and across the continental shelf in late April 2017. These observations reveal that the 2017 Marine Heatwave was associated with a strong positive salinity anomaly, that its total duration was approximately 4 months, and its advective path extended roughly 850 km along the length of the continental shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight. The southward advective velocity implied by the arrival north of Cape Hatteras is consistent with previous estimates of alongshelf velocity for the region. The origin of this Marine Heatwave is likely related to cross-shelf advection driven by the presence of a Warm Core Ring adjacent to the shelfbreak south of New England.
Global simulations of protoplanetary disks with ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion
Creators: name: Gressel, Oliver
name: Turner, Neal J.
name: Nelson, Richard P.
name: McNally, Colin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protoplanetary disks are believed to accrete onto their central T Tauri star because of magnetic stresses. Recently published shearing box simulations indicate that Ohmic resistivity, ambipolar diffusion and the Hall effect all play important roles in disk evolution. In the presence of a vertical magnetic field, the disk remains laminar between 1-5au, and a magnetocentrifugal disk wind forms that provides an important mechanism for removing angular momentum. Questions remain, however, about the establishment of a true physical wind solution in the shearing box simulations because of the symmetries inherent in the local approximation. We present global MHD simulations of protoplanetary disks that include Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion, where the time-dependent gas-phase electron and ion fractions are computed under FUV and X-ray ionization with a simplified recombination chemistry. Our results show that the disk remains laminar, and that a physical wind solution arises naturally in global disk models. The wind is sufficiently efficient to explain the observed accretion rates. Furthermore, the ionization fraction at intermediate disk heights is large enough for magneto-rotational channel modes to grow and subsequently develop into belts of horizontal field. Depending on the ionization fraction, these can remain quasi-global, or break-up into discrete islands of coherent field polarity. The disk models we present here show a dramatic departure from our earlier models including Ohmic resistivity only. It will be important to examine how the Hall effect modifies the evolution, and to explore the influence this has on the observational appearance of such systems, and on planet formation and migration.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Upper-slope jets and gulf stream filaments inshore of the Charleston Bump during winter 2012
Creators: name: Edwards, C.
name: Seim, H.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 2019

description: A 3-month-long field program conducted in winter 2012 inshore of the seaward deflection of the Gulf Stream at the Charleston Bump observed several 7-21-day periods of strong (> 0.5ms-1) equatorward alongshelf flow over the upper continental slope. In sea surface temperature images, these phenomena resemble and appear linked to warm filaments, features known to be associated with meanders of the Gulf Stream as it traverses the southeast coast of North America. However, the character of these upper-slope features differs from previous descriptions of filaments, hence we describe them as ''upper-slope jets.'' We document the characteristics of the jets, which are approximately 30 km in width, centered on the 200-m isobath, with a maximum temperature variation at depth, and reasonably long-lived. Southwestward flow within the jet extends to 200m and is in approximate thermal wind balance below a surface mixed layer. Maximum transport is estimated to be about 2.0 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106m3 s-1), driving a net equatorward along-shelf velocity over the deployment period. For this time period, at least, the jets form the equatorward flow of the shoreward flank of the Charleston Gyre. We suggest the features resemble the Pinocchio's Nose Intrusion recently described by Zhang and Gawarkiewicz. Large-amplitude meander crests with sufficiently strong curvature vorticity are a plausible source of initiation of the upper-slope jets.
Ultraviolet photoabsorption in the $B\,{}^3Σ^- - X\,{}^3Σ^-$ and $C\,{}^3Π - X\,{}^3Σ^-$ band systems of SO sulphur isotopologues
Creators: name: Heays, A. N.
name: Stark, G.
name: Lyons, J. R.
name: de Oliveira, N.
name: Lewis, B. R.
name: Gibson, S. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution far-ultraviolet broadband Fourier-transform photoabsorption spectra of ${}^{32}{\rm S}^{16}{\rm O}$, ${}^{33}{\rm S}^{16}{\rm O}$, ${}^{34}{\rm S}^{16}{\rm O}$, and ${}^{36}{\rm S}^{16}{\rm O}$ are recorded in a microwave discharge seeded with SO$_2$ . The $B{}^3Σ^-(v=4-30) \leftarrow X{}^3Σ^-(v=0)$ and $C{}^3Π(v=0-7) \leftarrow X{}^3Σ^-(v=0)$ bands are observed or inferred in the 43000 to 51000 cm$^{-1}$ (196 to 233 nm) spectral range. This is the first experimental detection of a $C{}^3Π(v>2)$ level and of any of these observed bands in an S-substituted isotopologue. Additional measurements of $A{}^3Π(v=1-3) \leftarrow X{}^3Σ^-(v=0)$ provide a calibration of the SO column density. Measured band profiles are fitted to an effective-Hamiltonian model of coupled excited $B{}^3Σ^-$ and $C{}^3Π$ states along with their predissociation linewidths and absorption band strengths. Electronic-state potential-energy curves and transition moments are deduced. The end result is a list of line frequencies, $f$-values, and dissociation widths describing the far-ultraviolet photodissociation spectrum of SO that is accurate enough for computing atmospheric photolytic isotope-fractionation.
A Multi-task Learning Framework for Drone State Identification and Trajectory Prediction
Creators: name: Palamas, Antreas
name: Souli, Nicolas
name: Panayiotou, Tania
name: Kolios, Panayiotis
name: Ellinas, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The rise of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operations, as well as the vulnerability of the UAVs' sensors, has led to the need for proper monitoring systems for detecting any abnormal behavior of the UAV. This work addresses this problem by proposing an innovative multi-task learning framework (MLF-ST) for UAV state identification and trajectory prediction, that aims to optimize the performance of both tasks simultaneously. A deep neural network with shared layers to extract features from the input data is employed, utilizing drone sensor measurements and historical trajectory information. Moreover, a novel loss function is proposed that combines the two objectives, encouraging the network to jointly learn the features that are most useful for both tasks. The proposed MLF-ST framework is evaluated on a large dataset of UAV flights, illustrating that it is able to outperform various state-of-the-art baseline techniques in terms of both state identification and trajectory prediction. The evaluation of the proposed framework, using real-world data, demonstrates that it can enable applications such as UAV-based surveillance and monitoring, while also improving the safety and efficiency of UAV operations.
Thermodynamics of the electron-positron plasma at very high temperatures
Creators: name: Frolov, Alexei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermodynamic properties of the electron-positron plasma (or gas) at high and very high temperatures are investigated. To achieve this goal we have derived a number of analytical formulas for the Fermi-Dirac distribution functions (or spectral functions) which can be applied to various Fermi gases in different cases. Almost all these formulas are represented in the form of series expansions. The coefficients in these expansions are the explicit and relatively simple functions of the $\fracμ{T}$ ratio, where $T$ is the temperature and $μ$ is the chemical potential of this Fermi system. Our new approach works very well for high temperature electron-positron plasma, which is in thermal equilibrium with the photon gas of annihilation $γ-$quanta, and for the model ultra-relativistic gas of fermions, where there is no radiation at all.
description: PACS number(s): 05.30.Fk (Fermion systems and electron gas) and 05.70.Ce (Thermodynamic functions and equations of state)
End-to-end study of the home and genealogy of the first binary neutron star merger
Creators: name: Stevance, Heloise F.
name: Eldridge, Jan J.
name: Stanway, Elizabeth R.
name: Lyman, Joe
name: McLeod, Anna F.
name: Levan, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binary neutron star mergers are one of the ultimate events of massive binary star evolution, and our understanding of their parent system is still in its infancy. Upcoming gravitational wave detections, coupled with multi-wavelength follow-up observations, will allow us to study an increasing number of these events by characterising their neighbouring stellar populations and searching for their progenitors. Stellar evolution simulations are essential to this work but they are also based on numerous assumptions. Additionally, the models used to study the host galaxies differ from those used to characterise the progenitors and are typically based on single star populations. Here we introduce a framework to perform an end-to-end analysis and deploy it to the first binary neutron star merger - GW170817. With the Binary Population And Spectral Synthesis (BPASS) codes we are able to retrieve the physical properties of the host galaxy NGC 4993 as well as infer progenitor candidates. In our simulations there is a >98% chance that GW170817 originated from a stellar population with Z=0.010 born between 5 and 12.5 Gyrs ago. By carefully weighing the stellar genealogies we find that GW170817 most likely came from a binary system born with a 13-24 Msol primary and 10-12 Msol secondary which underwent two or three common envelope events over their lifetime.
description: Main text (3 Figures, 10 pages) and Supplementary Information (23 pages, 14 Figures). Published in Nature Astronomy
Implementing quality control of high-frequency radar estimates and application to gulf stream surface currents
Creators: name: Haines, S.
name: Seim, H.
name: Muglia, M.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 2017

description: Quality control procedures based on nonvelocity parameters for use with a short-range radar system are applied with slight modification to long-range radar data collected offshore of North Carolina. The radar footprint covers shelf and slope environments and includes a segment of the Gulf Stream (GS). Standard processed and quality controlled (QCD) radar data are compared with 4 months of acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) time series collected at three different sites within the radar footprint. Two of the ADCP records are from the shelf and the third is on the upper slope and is frequently within the GS. Linear regression and Bland-Altman diagrams are used to quantify the comparison. QCD data at all sites have reduced scatter and improved correlation with ADCP observations relative to standard processed data. Uncertainty is reduced by approximately 20%, and linear regression slopes and correlation coefficients increase by about 0.1. At the upper slope site, the QCD data also produced a significant increase in the mean speed. Additionally, a significant increase, averaging roughly 20%, in mean speed in the GS is apparent when comparing standard processed data and QCD data, concentrated at large range and at the azimuthal extremes of radial site coverage. Shifts in the distributions of the standard processed and QCD velocity estimates are consistent with the removal of zero-mean noise from the observations, which has minimal impact where the radial site range is < 70 km and a large impact at greater range in the GS where mean currents exceed 1 m s-1.
Debiasing Standard Siren Inference of the Hubble Constant with Marginal Neural Ratio Estimation
Creators: name: Gagnon-Hartman, Samuel
name: Ruan, John
name: Haggard, Daryl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens may resolve the Hubble tension, provided that standard siren inference of $H_0$ is free from systematic biases. However, standard sirens from binary neutron star (BNS) mergers suffer from two sources of systematic bias, one arising from the anisotropy of GW emission, and the other from the anisotropy of electromagnetic (EM) emission from the kilonova. For an observed sample of BNS mergers, the traditional Bayesian approach to debiasing involves the direct computation of the detection likelihood. This is infeasible for large samples of detected BNS merger due to the high dimensionality of the parameter space governing merger detection. In this study, we bypass this computation by fitting the Hubble constant to forward simulations of the observed GW and EM data under a simulation-based inference (SBI) framework using marginal neural ratio estimation. A key innovation of our method is the inclusion of BNS mergers which were only detected in GW, which allows for estimation of the bias introduced by EM anisotropy. Our method corrects for $\sim$90$\%$ of the bias in the inferred value of $H_0$ when telescope follow-up observations of BNS mergers have extensive tiling of the merger localization region, using known telescope sensitivities and assuming a model of kilonova emission. Our SBI-based method thus enables a debiased inference of the Hubble constant of BNS mergers, including both mergers with detected EM counterparts and those without.
description: Accepted MNRAS, 14 pages, 10 figures
An observational, spatially explicit, stability-based estimate of the wind resource off the shore of North Carolina
Creators: name: Thomas, N.
name: Haines, S.
name: Seim, H.
Publisher: name: American Meteorological Society
Year: 2015

description: As part of ongoing studies of the feasibility of utility-scale wind energy off the shore of North Carolina, winds at 80-m elevation are estimated with a stability-based height-adjustment scheme. Data sources are level-3 daily Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) 10-m wind fields as measured by the MetOp-A satellite, North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) estimates of near-surface atmospheric temperature and humidity, and the National Climatic Data Center's optimally interpolated Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR-OI) sea surface temperature (SST). A height-adjustment assuming neutral atmospheric stability provides reference conditions. The SST from AVHRR-OI was more accurate than SST from NARRand was used withNARRatmospheric data to represent atmospheric stability in the study region. The 5-yr average of the ASCAT 10-m winds is 6.5-9.0 ms-1 off the shore of North Carolina, with the strongest winds found over the Gulf Stream. Neutral-scheme 80-m windspeeds are 7.5-10.5 ms-1 and follow the same spatial pattern. The stability-based scheme produces an 80-m wind field with significantly different spatial wind patterns, with greater wind speeds than the neutral scheme in coastal regions where stable atmosphere conditions occur and lesser wind speeds than the neutral scheme farther offshore where unstable conditions are prevalent. The largest differences between the schemes occur in winter and spring when and where stable atmospheric conditions are most common. Estimated power inshore from the 100-m isobath with the neutral scheme yields average values of 400-800 W m-2, whereas the stability-based-scheme values are 600-800 W m-2. Capacity factors vary between 30% and 55%, with values in excess of 40% common in coastal areas off North Carolina.
Hydrophobicity Scaling of Aqueous Interfaces by an Electrostatic Mapping
Creators: name: Remsing, Richard C.
name: Weeks, John D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An understanding of the hydrophobicity of complex heterogeneous molecular assemblies is crucial to characterize and predict interactions between biomolecules. As such, uncovering the subtleties of assembly processes hinges on an accurate classification of the relevant interfaces involved, and much effort has been spent on developing so-called "hydrophobicity maps." In this work, we introduce a novel electrostatics-based mapping of aqueous interfaces that focuses on the collective, long-wavelength electrostatic response of water to the presence of nearby surfaces. In addition to distinguishing between hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions of heterogeneous surfaces, this electrostatic mapping can also differentiate between hydrophilic regions that polarize nearby waters in opposing directions. We therefore expect this approach to find use in predicting the location of possible water-mediated hydrophilic interactions, in addition to the more commonly emphasized hydrophobic interactions that can also be of significant importance.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures in J. Phys. Chem. B (2014)
Analysis of the Gravitational Wave Background Using Gamma-Ray Pulsar Timing Arrays with Next-Generation Detectors
Creators: name: Xie, Zhen
name: Zhang, Zhipeng
name: Wang, Jieshuang
name: Yang, Ruizhi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate the potential of gamma-ray pulsar time array (PTA) on gravitational waves background (GWB) using future gamma-ray detectors with larger effective areas. We consider both spaceborne detectors and ground-based imaging air Cherenkov telescope arrays (IACTs). We simulated the detected photons from pulsars using the response of hypothetical detectors taking into account the backgrounds and analyzed the sensitivities. Our results showed that thanks to the higher statistics of IACTs, the PTA using IACTs can improve significantly the performance compared with the PTA using Fermi-LAT data.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, Accepted for publication in PRD
Analysis and Detection of Pathological Voice using Glottal Source Features
Creators: name: Kadiri, Sudarsana Reddy
name: Alku, Paavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic detection of voice pathology enables objective assessment and earlier intervention for the diagnosis. This study provides a systematic analysis of glottal source features and investigates their effectiveness in voice pathology detection. Glottal source features are extracted using glottal flows estimated with the quasi-closed phase (QCP) glottal inverse filtering method, using approximate glottal source signals computed with the zero frequency filtering (ZFF) method, and using acoustic voice signals directly. In addition, we propose to derive mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) from the glottal source waveforms computed by QCP and ZFF to effectively capture the variations in glottal source spectra of pathological voice. Experiments were carried out using two databases, the Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias (HUPA) database and the Saarbrucken Voice Disorders (SVD) database. Analysis of features revealed that the glottal source contains information that discriminates normal and pathological voice. Pathology detection experiments were carried out using support vector machine (SVM). From the detection experiments it was observed that the performance achieved with the studied glottal source features is comparable or better than that of conventional MFCCs and perceptual linear prediction (PLP) features. The best detection performance was achieved when the glottal source features were combined with the conventional MFCCs and PLP features, which indicates the complementary nature of the features.
description: Copyright 2020 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Wav2vec-based Detection and Severity Level Classification of Dysarthria from Speech
Creators: name: Javanmardi, Farhad
name: Tirronen, Saska
name: Kodali, Manila
name: Kadiri, Sudarsana Reddy
name: Alku, Paavo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic detection and severity level classification of dysarthria directly from acoustic speech signals can be used as a tool in medical diagnosis. In this work, the pre-trained wav2vec 2.0 model is studied as a feature extractor to build detection and severity level classification systems for dysarthric speech. The experiments were carried out with the popularly used UA-speech database. In the detection experiments, the results revealed that the best performance was obtained using the embeddings from the first layer of the wav2vec model that yielded an absolute improvement of 1.23% in accuracy compared to the best performing baseline feature (spectrogram). In the studied severity level classification task, the results revealed that the embeddings from the final layer gave an absolute improvement of 10.62% in accuracy compared to the best baseline features (mel-frequency cepstral coefficients).
description: copyright 2023 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Do simulated molecular clouds look like real ones?
Creators: name: Priestley, F. D.
name: Clark, P. C.
name: Whitworth, A. P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations of molecular clouds often begin from highly idealised initial conditions, such as a uniform-density sphere with an artificially imposed turbulent velocity field. While the resulting structures may appear qualitatively similar to those detected in continuum and line observations, it is unclear whether they are genuinely representative of real molecular clouds. Recent observational work has discovered a tight, often close-to-linear relationship between the integrated intensity of molecular lines and the total column density of the cloud material. We combine magnetohydrodynamical simulations, time-dependent chemistry, and radiative transfer to produce synthetic molecular line observations of model clouds. We find similarly tight correlations between line intensity and column density to those observed, although the linear behaviour is only seen in isolated (as opposed to colliding) model clouds. This linear relationship is not due to optically thin emission; all lines investigated have high optical depths, and the increase in integrated intensity with column density is due to higher velocity dispersion along the line of sight. Overall, the idealised models commonly used in the literature appear to be reasonably accurate representations of real molecular clouds.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures. MNRAS accepted. Data publicly available at http://cloudzoo.astro.cf.ac.uk/Downloads/202211/
Computational Model to Generate Case-Inflected Forms of Masculine Nouns for Word Search in Sanskrit E-Text
Creators: name: Raja, S V Kasmir
name: Rajitha, V
name: Meenakshi, Lakshmanan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The problem of word search in Sanskrit is inseparable from complexities that include those caused by euphonic conjunctions and case-inflections. The case-inflectional forms of a noun normally number 24 owing to the fact that in Sanskrit there are eight cases and three numbers-singular, dual and plural. The traditional method of generating these inflectional forms is rather elaborate owing to the fact that there are differences in the forms generated between even very similar words and there are subtle nuances involved. Further, it would be a cumbersome exercise to generate and search for 24 forms of a word during a word search in a large text, using the currently available case-inflectional form generators. This study presents a new approach to generating case-inflectional forms that is simpler to compute. Further, an optimized model that is sufficient for generating only those word forms that are required in a word search and is more than 80% efficient compared to the complete case-inflectional forms generator, is presented in this study for the first time.
Accesses to infinity from Fatou components
Creators: name: Barański, Krzysztof
name: Fagella, Núria
name: Jarque, Xavier
name: Karpińska, Bogusława
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the boundary behaviour of a meromorphic map $f: \mathbb C \to \widehat{\mathbb C}$ on its invariant simply connected Fatou component $U$. To this aim, we develop the theory of accesses to boundary points of $U$ and their relation to the dynamics of $f$. In particular, we establish a correspondence between invariant accesses from $U$ to infinity or weakly repelling points of $f$ and boundary fixed points of the associated inner function on the unit disc. We apply our results to describe the accesses to infinity from invariant Fatou components of the Newton maps.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
Point Context: An Effective Shape Descriptor for RST-invariant Trajectory Recognition
Creators: name: Wu, Xingyu
name: Mao, Xia
name: Chen, Lijiang
name: Xue, Yuli
name: Compare, Angelo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10; I.5.4
subject: 51A05

description: Motion trajectory recognition is important for characterizing the moving property of an object. The speed and accuracy of trajectory recognition rely on a compact and discriminative feature representation, and the situations of varying rotation, scaling and translation has to be specially considered. In this paper we propose a novel feature extraction method for trajectories. Firstly a trajectory is represented by a proposed point context, which is a rotation-scale-translation (RST) invariant shape descriptor with a flexible tradeoff between computational complexity and discrimination, yet we prove that it is a complete shape descriptor. Secondly, the shape context is nonlinearly mapped to a subspace by kernel nonparametric discriminant analysis (KNDA) to get a compact feature representation, and thus a trajectory is projected to a single point in a low-dimensional feature space. Experimental results show that, the proposed trajectory feature shows encouraging improvement than state-of-art methods.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
Cold event in the South Atlantic Bight during summer of 2003: Model simulations and implications
Creators: name: Werner, F.E.
name: Chassignet, E.P.
name: Blanton, B.O.
name: Nelson, J.R.
name: Seim, H.E.
name: Aretxabaleta, A.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2007

description: A set of model simulations are used to determine the principal forcing mechanisms that resulted in anomalously cold water in the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) in the summer of 2003. Updated mass field and elevation boundary conditions from basin-scale Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulations are compared to climatological forcing to provide offshore and upstream influences in a one-way nesting sense. Model skill is evaluated by comparing model results with observations of velocity, water level, and surface and bottom temperature. Inclusion of realistic atmospheric forcing, river discharge, and improved model dynamics produced good skill on the inner shelf and midshelf. The intrusion of cold water onto the shelf occurred predominantly along the shelf-break associated with onshore flow in the southern part of the domain north of Cape Canaveral (29° to 31.5°). The atmospheric forcing (anomalously strong and persistent upwelling-favorable winds) was the principal mechanism driving the cold event. Elevated river discharge increased the level of stratification across the inner shelf and midshelf and contributed to additional input of cold water into the shelf. The resulting pool of anomalously cold water constituted more than 50% of the water on the shelf in late July and early August. The excess nutrient flux onto the shelf associated with the upwelling was approximated using published nitrate-temperature proxies, suggesting increased primary production during the summer over most of the SAB shelf.
Mixing in a coastal environment: 1. A view from dye dispersion
Creators: name: Sundermeyer, M.A.
name: Ledwell, J.R.
name: Seim, H.E.
name: Duda, T.F.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2004

description: Dye release experiments were performed together with microstructure profiling to compare the two methods of estimating diapycnal diffusivity during summer and fall stratification on the continental shelf south of New England. The experiments were done in 1996 and 1997 as part of the Coastal Mixing and Optics Experiment. During the 100 hours or so of the experiments the area of the dye patches grew from less than 1 km 2 to more than 50 km2 [Sundermeyer and Ledwell, 2001]. Diapycnal diffusivities inferred from dye dispersion range from 10-6 to 10-5 m2/s at buoyancy frequencies from 9 to 28 cycles/hour. Diffusivities estimated from the dye and those estimated from dissipation rates in the companion paper by Oakey and Greenan [2004] agree closely in most cases. Estimates of diffusivities from towed conductivity microstructure measurements made during the cruises by Duda and Rehmann [2002] and Rehmann and Duda [2000] are fairly consistent with the dye diffusivities. The dye diffusivities would be predicted well by an empirical formula involving shear and stratification statistics developed by MacKinnon and Gregg [2003] from profiling microstructure measurements obtained at the same site in August 1996. All of the measurements support the general conclusion that the diffusivity, averaged over several days, is seldom greater than 10-5 m2/s in the stratified waters at the site, and usually not much greater than 10-6 m 2/s. Severe storms, such as a hurricane that passed over the CMO site in 1996, can dramatically increase the mixing at the site, however.
Monthly climatology of the continental shelf waters of the South Atlantic Bight
Creators: name: Blanton, B.O.
name: Aretxabaleta, A.
name: Seim, H.E.
name: Werner, F.E.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2003

description: Monthly circulation of the South Atlantic Bight is diagnosed using a 3-D, shallow water, finite element model forced with monthly wind stress and hydrographic climatology. Temperature and salinity observations from the period 1950-1999 are objectively interpolated onto the model domain, and Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) wind velocities from 1975-1999 are used to prescribe the model surface wind stress. The resulting monthly temperature and salinity fields compare favorably to existing shelf climatology. River discharge maxima are evident in the spring temperature and salinity fields, and the rapid heating and cooling of the shelf are captured. The diagnostic circulation is largely wind-driven in the inner and mid-shelf, and the Gulf Stream is apparent in the solutions on the outer shelf. We present the monthly fields, including the temporal and spatial distribution of available hydrographic data, the regional COADS data that provide surface wind stress forcing, the objective analysis, and the model response to these forcings. The hydrographic and velocity fields provide best-prior-estimates of the circulation for data assimilation studies in the region, as well as initial conditions for process-oriented prognostic model studies in the Georgia coastal region.
Oscillations in the magnetothermal conductivity of $\boldsymbolα$-RuCl$_3$: Evidence of transition anomalies
Creators: name: Lefrançois, Étienne
name: Baglo, Jordan
name: Barthélemy, Quentin
name: Kim, Subin
name: Kim, Young-June
name: Taillefer, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 2D layered insulator $α$-RuCl$_3$ is a candidate material for a quantum spin-liquid state, which may be realized when a magnetic field suppresses the antiferromagnetic order present at low temperature. Oscillations in the field dependence of the thermal conductivity, observed for an in-plane magnetic field $B$ up to a critical field $B^{\star}$, have been attributed to exotic charge-neutral fermions, viewed as evidence of a quantum spin-liquid state between the critical field $B_{c}$ $\simeq 7$ T at which the antiferromagnetic phase ends and $B^{\star}$. Here we report measurements of the thermal conductivity of $α$-RuCl$_3$ as a function of magnetic field up to 15 T applied in two distinct in-plane directions: parallel and perpendicular to the Ru-Ru bond. We find that the number of oscillations between $B_{c}$ and $B^{\star}$ is the same for the two field directions even though the field interval between $B_{c}$ and $B^{\star}$ is different. In other words, the period of the oscillations is controlled by the transition fields $B_{c}$ and $B^{\star}$. We conclude that these are not true oscillations -- coming from putative fermions in a spin-liquid state -- but anomalies associated with a sequence of magnetic transitions.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of RNA-seq reveals multifaceted gene expression response to Fab production in Escherichia coli fed-batch processes with particular focus on ribosome stalling
Creators: name: Vazulka, Sophie
name: Schiavinato, Matteo
name: Tauer, Christopher
name: Wagenknecht, Martin
name: Cserjan-Puschmann, Monika
name: Striedner, Gerald
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Fabx and FTN2 mRNA levels [tpm] prior to and after 2, 12 and 16 h of induction in C-limited fed-batch processes of recombinant BL21(DE3)- A and HMS174(DE3)-based expression systems B. Biological triplicates were analyzed (n=3). Figure S2. Volcano plots of differentially expressed genes in BL21(DE3)- and HMS174(DE3)-based expression systems producing Fabx A and FTN2 B in C-limited fed-batch processes after 2 and 12 h of induction relative to the respective non-induced control. DGE was determined with DESeq2. Genes also differentially expressed in the respective wild-types were excluded. Biological triplicates were analyzed (n=3). Figure S3. Cell growth A and Fab yields B of two recombinant E. coli expression systems producing ompASS-FTN2 and ompASS-FTN2(A40P) in C-limited fed-batch processes for B (n=3) and for B (n=1). Figure S4. Specific soluble Fab yields (intracellular and extracellular fractions) [mg g−1] of Fabx A and FTN2 B produced in C-limited fed-batch cultivations. Cultivations were done in triplicates Fab yields at the different time points were analysed from two to three biological replicates (n=2 or n=3). Figure S5. Simplified illustration of the experimental setup. Two Fabs (Fabx and FTN2) were produced in genome-integrated E. coli strains BL21(DE3) and HMS174(DE3) in C-limited fed-batch cultivations in the DASGIP parallel bioreactor system in lab scale. CDM [g], Fab expression patterns and Fab yields [mg L−1] were determined from samples drawn at different time points during the process. Different expression after 2 and 12 h of induction was analysed relative to the non-induced samples by means of RNA-seq.
Microfluidic device for multicoating of magnetic microparticles
Creators: name: De Hemptinne, Amaury
name: De Malsche, W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Superparamagnetic microparticles, Layer-by-Layer, particles migration

description: In this work, we use a magnetic field to control and coat magnetic microparticles (MPs) in a microfluidic platform. An interesting method for advanced particle manufacturing is the layer-by layer technique (LbL), which is based on successive dipping and rinsing to coat consecutive layers of polyelectrolytes (PE). In this work, we use the advantages of microfluidics, magnetism and LbL to produce nanostructured MPs in a continuous regime. Nanolayered materials are rapidly emerging for their multiple applications including separation with a catch and release mechanism or detection with electronic sensing systems. By personalizing the coating, with biomarkers or functionalized chemicals for example, this microfluidic platform targets a large range of applications.