cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electrostatic Interactions of Asymmetrically Charged Membranes
Creators: name: Ben-Yaakov, Dan
name: Burak, Yoram
name: Andelman, David
name: Safran, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict the nature (attractive or repulsive) and range (exponentially screened or long-range power law) of the electrostatic interactions of oppositely charged and planar plates as a function of the salt concentration and surface charge densities (whose absolute magnitudes are not necessarily equal). An analytical expression for the crossover between attractive and repulsive pressure is obtained as a function of the salt concentration. This condition reduces to the high-salt limit of Parsegian and Gingell where the interaction is exponentially screened and to the zero salt limit of Lau and Pincus in which the important length scales are the inter-plate separation and the Gouy-Chapman length. In the regime of low salt and high surface charges we predict - for any ratio of the charges on the surfaces - that the attractive pressure is long-ranged as a function of the spacing. The attractive pressure is related to the decrease in counter-ion concentration as the inter-plate distance is decreased. Our theory predicts several scaling regimes with different scaling expressions for the pressure as function of salinity and surface charge densities. The pressure predictions can be related to surface force experiments of oppositely charged surfaces that are prepared by coating one of the mica surfaces with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte.
New active galactic nuclei detected in ROSAT All Sky Survey galaxies - The complete dataset
Creators: name: Kollatschny, W.
name: Kotulla, R.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Bischoff, K.
name: Zetzl, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ROSAT ALL Sky Survey Bright Source Catalogue (RASS-BSC) has been correlated with the Catalogue of Principal Galaxies (PGC) to identify new extragalactic counterparts. 550 reliable optical counterparts have been detected. We took optical spectra of 176 X-ray candidates and companions at ESO, Calar Alto observatory and McDonald observatory. We discuss the redshift-, linewidth-, as well as optical and X-ray luminosity distribution of our ROSAT selected sample. 139 galaxies of our 166 X-ray counterparts have been identified as AGN with 93 being Seyfert 1 galaxies (61%). Eighteen of them (20%) are Narrow Line Seyfert 1 galaxies. 34 X-ray candidates (21%) are LINERs and only eight candidates (5%) are Seyfert 2. The ratio of the number of Seyfert 1 galaxies to Seyfert 2 galaxies is about 11/1. Optical surveys result in ratios of 1/1.4. The high fraction of detected Seyfert 1 galaxies is explained by the sensitivity of the ROSAT to soft X-rays which are heavily absorbed in type 2 AGN. Two X-ray candidates are HII-galaxies and 25 candidates (15%) show no signs of spectral activity. The AGN in our RASS selected sample exhibit slightly higher optical luminosities M_B = (-20.71 +- 1.75) mag and similar X-ray luminosities (log(L_X [erg/s]) = 42.9 +- 1.7) compared to other AGN surveys. The Halpha line width distribution (FWHM) of our newly identified ROSAT AGN sample is similar to the line widths distribution based on SDSS AGN. However, our newly identified RASS AGN have rather reddish colors explaining why they have not been detected before in ultraviolet or blue excess surveys.
A fitter code for Deep Virtual Compton Scattering and Generalized Parton Distributions
Creators: name: Guidal, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developped a fitting code based on the leading-twist handbag Deep Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) amplitude in order to extract the Generalized Parton Distributions (GPD) information from DVCS observables in the valence region. In a first stage, with simulations and pseudo-data, we show that the full GPD information can be recovered from experimental data if enough observables are measured. If only part of these observables are measured, valuable information can still be extracted, certain observables being particularly sensitive to certain GPDs. In a second stage, we make a practical application of this code to the recent DVCS Jefferson Lab Hall A data from which we can extract numerical constraints for the two $H$ GPD Compton Form Factors.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures
Origin of the early-type R stars: a binary-merger solution to a century-old problem?
Creators: name: Izzard, Robert G.
name: Jeffery, C. Simon
name: Lattanzio, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The early-R stars are carbon-rich K-type giants. They are enhanced in C12, C13 and N14, have approximately solar oxygen, magnesium isotopes, s-process and iron abundances, have the luminosity of core-helium burning stars, are not rapid rotators, are members of the Galactic thick disk and, most peculiarly of all, are all single stars. Conventional single-star stellar evolutionary models cannot explain such stars, but mergers in binary systems have been proposed to explain their origin. We have synthesized binary star populations to calculate the number of merged stars with helium cores which could be early-R stars. We find many possible evolutionary channels. The most common of which is the merger of a helium white dwarf with a hydrogen-burning red giant branch star during a common envelope phase followed by a helium flash in a rotating core which mixes carbon to the surface. All the channels together give ten times more early-R stars than we require to match recent Hipparcos observations - we discuss which channels are likely to be the true early-R stars and which are not. For the first time we have constructed a viable model of the early-R stars with which we can test some of our ideas regarding common envelope evolution in giants, stellar mergers, rotation, the helium flash and the origin of the early-R stars.
description: 17 Pages, accepted for publication in A&A
Discovery of a bright eclipsing cataclysmic variable
Creators: name: Sing, D. K.
name: Green, E. M.
name: Howell, S. B.
name: Holberg, J. B.
name: Lopez-Morales, M.
name: Shaw, J. S.
name: Schmidt, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the discovery of J0644+3344, a bright deeply eclipsing cataclysmic variable (CV) binary. Spectral signatures of both binary components and an accretion disk can be seen at optical wavelengths. The optical spectrum shows broad H I, He I, and He II accretion disk emission lines with deep narrow absorption components from H I, He I, Mg II and Ca II. The absorption lines are seen throughout the orbital period, disappearing only during primary eclipse. These absorption lines are either the the result of an optically-thick inner accretion disk or from the photosphere of the primary star. Radial velocity measurements show that the H I, He I, and Mg II absorption lines phase with the the primary star, while weak absorption features in the continuum phase with the secondary star. Radial velocity solutions give a 150+/-4 km/s semi-amplitude for the primary star and 192.8+/-5.6 km/s for the secondary. The individual stellar masses are 0.63-0.69 Mdot for the primary and 0.49-0.54 Mdot for the secondary. The bright eclipsing nature of this binary has helped provide masses for both components with an accuracy rarely achieved for CVs. This binary most closely resembles a nova-like UX UMa or SW Sex type of CV. J0644+3344, however, has a longer orbital period than most UX UMa or SW Sex stars. Assuming an evolution toward shorter orbital periods, J0644+3344 is therefore likely to be a young interacting binary. The secondary star is consistent with the size and spectral type of a K8 star, but has an M0 mass.
description: 10 pages, 13 figure, accepted for publication in A&A
Running Coupling Effects in Small-x QCD
Creators: name: Triantafyllopoulos, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study effects of the running of the coupling in QCD at small Bjorken-x and in particular the ones related to gluon saturation. After introducing the steps taken to the derivation of the next to leading order nonlinear evolution equation, we discuss the infrared sensitivity of the Pomeron intercept, the energy dependence of the saturation momentum and the appearance of geometrical scaling, and the dominance of the running coupling effects over the ones introduced by loops of Pomerons.
description: Lectures given at School on QCD, Low-x Physics, Saturation and Diffraction, Copanello (Calabria), Italy, 1-14 Jul 2007
Dark Energy and its Implications for Gravity
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cosmological constant is the most economical candidate for dark energy. No other approach really alleviates the difficulties faced by the cosmological constant because, in all other attempts to model the dark energy, one still has to explain why the bulk cosmological constant (treated as a low-energy parameter in the action principle) is zero. I argue that until the theory is made invariant under the shifting of the Lagrangian by a constant, one cannot obtain a satisfactory solution to the cosmological constant problem. This is impossible in any generally covariant theory with the conventional low-energy matter action, if the metric is varied in the action to obtain the field equations. I review an alternative perspective in which gravity arises as an emergent, long wavelength phenomenon and can be described in terms of an effective theory using an action associated with null vectors in the spacetime. This action is explicitly invariant under the shift of the energy momentum tensor $T_{ab}\to T_{ab}+Λg_{ab}$ and any bulk cosmological constant can be gauged away. Such an approach seems to be necessary for addressing the cosmological constant problem and can easily explain why its bulk value is zero. I describe some possibilities for obtaining its observed value from quantum gravitational fluctuations.
description: Invited article to appear in Advanced Science Letters Special Issue on Quantum Gravity, Cosmology and Black holes (editor: M. Bojowald)
Current and Future constraints on single-field $α$-Attractor model
Creators: name: Cañas-Herrera, Guadalupe
name: Renzi, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study here the observational constraints on single-field inflationary models achievable with the next generation of CMB experiments. We particularly focus on a Stage-IV like experiment and forecasts its constraints on inflationary parameters in the context of $α$-attractor inflation comprising a large class of single-field models. To tailor our forecasts we use as a fiducial model the results obtained with current CMB and LSS data, assuming the $α$-model a priori. We found that current CMB data are able to place a tight bound on the ratio of the tensor-to-scalar ratio with the alpha parameter $r/α= 3.87^{+0.78}_{-0.94}\cdot 10^{-3}$ and on the running of the scalar index $α_S = -6.4^{+1.6}_{-1.3}\cdot 10^{-4}$ with a value of the scalar index consistent with current constraints. In the optimistic scenario of detection of primordial gravitational waves in the CMB B-mode polarization power spectra, we found that CMB-S4 will be able to achieve a $15\%$ bound on the value of the parameter $α= 1.01^{+0.14}_{-0.18}$. This bound clearly show the ability of CMB-S4 to constrain not only the energy scale of inflation but also the shape of its potential. Enlarging the baseline model to also include the neutrino sector merely reduce the accuracy of $5\%$ leading to $α= 1.07^{+0.18}_{-0.23}$ so that our main conclusions are still valid.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Comments are welcome
The effect of seasonal variation and lipid content on polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine accumulation in Spot Barb (Puntius bimaculatus)
Creators: name: Khobkul Nongnutch, Jakkaphun Nanuam
Publisher: name: คณะสิ่งแวดล้อมและทรัพยากรศาสตร์
Year: 2014
Subjects: Polychlorinated biphenyls,Organochlorine,Pesticide,Spot barb(Puntius bimaculatus)

description: 2, 12, Environment and Natural Resources Journal
High-order numerical method for the nonlinear Helmholtz equation with material discontinuities in one space dimension
Creators: name: Baruch, Guy
name: Fibich, Gadi
name: Tsynkov, Semyon V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35J60, 35Q60, 35J65, 74S10, 65N30, 49M15

description: The nonlinear Helmholtz equation (NLH) models the propagation of electromagnetic waves in Kerr media, and describes a range of important phenomena in nonlinear optics and in other areas. In our previous work, we developed a fourth order method for its numerical solution that involved an iterative solver based on freezing the nonlinearity. The method enabled a direct simulation of nonlinear self-focusing in the nonparaxial regime, and a quantitative prediction of backscattering. However, our simulations showed that there is a threshold value for the magnitude of the nonlinearity, above which the iterations diverge. In this study, we numerically solve the one-dimensional NLH using a Newton-type nonlinear solver. Because the Kerr nonlinearity contains absolute values of the field, the NLH has to be recast as a system of two real equations in order to apply Newton's method. Our numerical simulations show that Newton's method converges rapidly and, in contradistinction with the iterations based on freezing the nonlinearity, enables computations for very high levels of nonlinearity. In addition, we introduce a novel compact finite-volume fourth order discretization for the NLH with material discontinuities.The one-dimensional results of the current paper create a foundation for the analysis of multi-dimensional problems in the future.
description: 47 pages, 8 figures
Temporal Graphs
Creators: name: Kostakos, Vassilis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the idea of temporal graphs, a representation that encodes temporal data into graphs while fully retaining the temporal information of the original data. This representation lets us explore the dynamic temporal properties of data by using existing graph algorithms (such as shortest-path), with no need for data-driven simulations. We also present a number of metrics that can be used to study and explore temporal graphs. Finally, we use temporal graphs to analyse real-world data and present the results of our analysis.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, 10 tables, appendix
Signatures of trans-Planckian dispersion in inflationary spectra
Creators: name: Macher, Jean
name: Parentani, Renaud
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The primordial spectra are calculated using dispersion relations which deviate from the relativistic one above a certain energy scale Lambda. We determine the properties of the leading modifications with respect to the standard spectra when Lambda is much greater than H, the Hubble scale during inflation. To be generic, we parameterize the lowest order deviation from the relativistic law by alpha, the power of P/Lambda where P is the proper momentum. When working in the asymptotic vacuum, the leading modification scales as (H/Lambda)^alpha for all alpha, except for a discrete set where the power is higher. Moreover, this modification is robust against introducing higher order terms in the dispersion relation. We then algebraically deduce the modifications of scalar and tensor power spectra in slow roll inflation from modifications calculated in de Sitter space. The modifications do not exhibit oscillations unless the dispersion relation induces some non-adiabaticity near a given scale. Finally, we explore the much less studied regime where H and Lambda are comparable. Our results indicate that the project of reconstructing the inflaton potential cannot be pursued without making some hypothesis about the dispersion relation of the fluctuation modes.
description: Version accepted for publication in PRD. 15 pages, 10 figures. Comment on observational consequences added
Separable Operations on Pure States
Creators: name: Gheorghiu, Vlad
name: Griffiths, Robert B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the possible ensembles produced when a separable operation acts on a single pure bipartite entangled state are completely characterized by a majorization condition, a collection of inequalities for Schmidt coefficients, which is identical to that already known for the particular case of local operations and classical communication (LOCC). As a consequence, various known results for LOCC, including some involving monotonicity of entanglement, can be extended to the class of all separable operations.
description: Typo corrected in the abstract
Drone ecology: Using UAVs to monitor and map tropical forest phenology
Creators: name: Gray, Ross Edward James
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: Tropical forest phenology links with biodiversity and ecosystem process but knowledge gaps remain surrounding the dynamics and drivers of all phenological types, its influence on invertebrate distribution, and how fragmentation may change phenological resources available to higher taxa. Over 1 year, we monitored a 16 ha area of logged tropical forest in Malaysian Borneo. Using UAV imagery within a machine learning pipeline we showed the potential of UAVs to identify individual tree crowns and track their phenology through time but highlighted limitations in classifying spectral outliers into phenological events. In parallel, we ground-truthed the UAV phenology data for 135 of these trees, representing 45 taxa and 17 plant families, demonstrating phenology was taxon specific and highly asynchronous across the landscape, with no one environmental factor determining phenological change. Furthermore, using a grid of canopy-set traps we monitored invertebrate biomass weekly, showing they maintain a low-level, patchy distribution across the landscape but are not influenced by phenology. Finally, in a 10-year spatially explicit simulation of forest fragmentation, we showed that reducing forest area, significantly reduced and de-stabilised temporal phenological resource availability in a 7,200 ha area of forest. The asynchrony displayed by tropical forest phenology demonstrates it is a complex process to monitor and despite leveraging the high spatiotemporal resolution of UAV data and the power of machine learning, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. However, our detailed overview of forest phenology demonstrates it can be susceptible to fragmentation and future climatic change, and even though invertebrates were not affected here, this could have reverberating consequences for higher taxa and ecosystem function. Therefore, we would do well to successfully tackle the challenges of UAV monitoring in the tropics, to rapidly and automatedly assess phenological change and help understand the impacts of these environmental changes on phenology.
Stability of C20 fullerene chains
Creators: name: Openov, L. A.
name: Davydov, I. V.
name: Podlivaev, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stability of (C20)N chains with N = 3 - 7 is analyzed by numerical simulation using a tight-binding potential and molecular dynamics. Various channels of losing the cluster-chain structure of the (C20)N complexes are observed, including the decay of C20 clusters, their coalescence, and the separation of one C20 fullerene from the chain.
description: To appear in JETP Letters
Impact of natal kicks on merger rates and spin-orbit misalignments of black hole -- neutron star mergers
Creators: name: Fragione, Giacomo
name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Rasio, Frederic A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The long wait for the detection of merging black hole -- neutron star (BH--NS) binaries is finally over with the announcement by the LIGO/Virgo/Kagra collaboration of GW200105 and GW200115. Remarkably, the primary of GW200115 has a negative spin projection onto the orbital angular momentum, with about $90\%$ probability. Merging BH--NS binaries are expected to form mainly through the evolution of massive binary stars in the field, since their dynamical formation in dense star clusters is strongly suppressed by mass segregation. In this paper, we carry out a systematic statistical study of the binary stars that evolve to form a BH--NS binary, considering different metallicities and taking into account the uncertainties on the natal kick distributions for BHs and NSs and on the common envelope phase of binary evolution. Under the assumption that the initial stellar spins are aligned with the binary angular momentum, we show that both large natal kicks ($\gtrsim 150$ km s$^{-1}$) and high efficiencies for common envelope ejection are required to simultaneously explain the inferred high merger rates and the large spin-orbit misalignment of GW200115.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJL
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titleType: Subtitle
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Publisher: name: ÐÐ·Ð´-Ð²Ð¾ ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½. ÑÐ½-ÑÐ°
Year: 2006
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description: ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð¾ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð¼ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸ Â«Ð¤Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð½ÑÑ Ð¸ ÐºÑÐµÐ´Ð¸ÑÂ» Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ¼ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð²ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ. ÐÐ½Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð´ÑÑÐ³Ð¸Ñ ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐµÐ¹, Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ð¸Ð·ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ ÐºÑÑÑÐ° Â«Ð¡ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÐµÂ». ÐÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ðº ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑÐ° ÑÐµÐ·ÐµÑÐ²Ð° Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ð¸, ÐºÐ°Ðº Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¸ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ·Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÑÑÑÐµÐ¹ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐµÐ·ÐµÑÐ²Ð¾Ð² Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð½ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð². ÐÐ¿Ð¸ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð¹ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ñ MS Excel Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¼ Ð°Ð»Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¸ÑÐ¼Ð°Ð¼.
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On the Extension of Pseudo-Boolean Functions for the Aggregation of Interacting Criteria
Creators: name: Grabisch, Michel
name: Labreuche, Christophe
name: Vansnick, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The paper presents an analysis on the use of integrals defined for non-additive measures (or capacities) as the Choquet and the \Sipos{} integral, and the multilinear model, all seen as extensions of pseudo-Boolean functions, and used as a means to model interaction between criteria in a multicriteria decision making problem. The emphasis is put on the use, besides classical comparative information, of information about difference of attractiveness between acts, and on the existence, for each point of view, of a ``neutral level'', allowing to introduce the absolute notion of attractive or repulsive act. It is shown that in this case, the Sipos integral is a suitable solution, although not unique. Properties of the Sipos integral as a new way of aggregating criteria are shown, with emphasis on the interaction among criteria.
CHRISTMAS MESSAGE
Creators: name: JOHN, JOBY
Publisher: name: ENSYGLOGE
Year: 2023
Subjects: CHRISTMAS MESSAGE

description: Foreword

Where the Sun rises, that is East. So, after staying a long time in the darkness, each one of us waits for the light to begin a fresh day, to know more, to do the remaining work and to have hope for the better. Sun gives us light and energy. In such a way, East is considered as the symbol of joy, knowledge, enlightenment, and renewal. In Matthew 2:1-12, we read that wise men came from the East observing the star of the saviour at its rising. They were asked by King Herod to reveal the exact place of the birth of the Messiah to pay homage (Matthew 2:8). “When they had heard the king, they set out; and there, ahead of them, went the star that they had seen at its rising until it stopped over the place where the child was. When they saw that the star had stopped, they were overwhelmed with joy.” (Matthew2:9&10). They knelt before the Child and paid him homage. It symbolizes the total surrender of the human will and freedom before God. This total surrender leads them to joy, wisdom, enlightenment and renewal. That is why they left for their own country on another road as directed by God in a dream. This gives us a message that the encounter with Jesus will give us joy, wisdom, enlightenment and hope. Therefore, in this Christmas season, let us prepare ourselves to welcome Jesus to our hearts.

We have to read and meditate on the salvific mystery revealed to us in the Holy Bible. For this purpose, a new book is released on Christmas Eve by Fr Thomas Keelathu (Joby John). This book is a collection of biblical reflections based on the liturgical readings of the Holy Mass of the Malankara Syrian Catholic Church. He has tried to give enlightening, overwhelming and inspiring biblical reflections for each day in the Advent Season. I do appreciate and congratulate Fr Thomas Keelathu for his creation and effort and advice that all of you go through these reflections!

In them, you will find peace of mind, kindness, wisdom, profound joy, harmony, divine love and truth. May God bless you all!

Dr. Alina Beatrice Cheșcă
The optimal P3M algorithm for computing electrostatic energies in periodic systems
Creators: name: Ballenegger, V.
name: Cerda, J. J.
name: Holm, Ch.
name: Lenz, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We optimize Hockney and Eastwood's Particle-Particle Particle-Mesh (P3M) algorithm to achieve maximal accuracy in the electrostatic energies (instead of forces) in 3D periodic charged systems. To this end we construct an optimal influence function that minimizes the RMS errors in the energies. As a by-product we derive a new real-space cut-off correction term, give a transparent derivation of the systematic errors in terms of Madelung energies, and provide an accurate analytical estimate for the RMS error of the energies. This error estimate is a useful indicator of the accuracy of the computed energies, and allows an easy and precise determination of the optimal values of the various parameters in the algorithm (Ewald splitting parameter, mesh size and charge assignment order).
description: 31 pages, 3 figures
On the Mechanics Behind Academic Progress
Creators: name: Herberholz, Lars
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2021
Subjects: Science Economics
Innovation Economics
Knowledge Production
University Efficiency
Higher Education Funding
Science Networks
Spillover Effects
Matthew Effect
Economies of Scale
Star Scientists

description: In wissensintensiven Gesellschaften wird akademischem Fortschritt eine immer größere Bedeutung beigemessen. Sowohl die Generierung neuen Wissens als auch die Ausbildung hochqualifizierter Arbeitskräfte spielen hierbei eine Schlüsselrolle. Jüngste Studien legen allerdings nahe, dass es zunehmend schwieriger wird, neue Ideen zu finden und dass längere Bildungswege das individuelle Innovationspotenzial erheblich reduzieren. Vor diesem Hintergrund widmet sich die vorliegende Dissertation den Mechanismen, die akademischem Fortschritt zugrunde liegen. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit liegt der Fokus auf Spillover-Effekten in der Wissensproduktion. Der Ursprung dieser Effekte wird primär bei herausragenden Forscherinnen und Forschern vermutet, zu deren Ermittlung Metadaten zu 15,6 Millionen Publikationen zusammengestellt wurden. Innerhalb der Forschungselite erweist sich eine Subgruppe von 162 Personen als zentral für die Identifikation kausaler Effekte. Konstituierendes Merkmal dieser Personengruppe ist ihr unerwarteter Tod und ein damit verbundenes vorzeitiges Karriereende. Auf diese letalen Schocks folgend zeigt sich ein signifikanter Rückgang im Publikationsoutput ihres direkten Kollaborationsnetzwerks. Spillover-Effekte werden zwar aggregiert deutlich, treten über das Fächerspektrum allerdings in sehr heterogenen Formen auf. Der zweite Teil der Arbeit geht auf die institutionelle Ebene über und untersucht, wie effizient europäische Universitäten in Forschung und Lehre agieren. Effizienz wird hierbei über die Relation von Inputs und Outputs modelliert, die neben bibliometrischen Daten auch amtliche Statistiken zu Finanz- und Studierendenzahlen miteinbeziehen. Vergleichbar mit dem Resultat des ersten Teils wird offenbar, dass universitäre Effizienz je nach fachlichem Schwerpunkt von einer Reihe unterschiedlicher Faktoren bedingt wird. Abschließend erfolgt im dritten Teil der Arbeit die Betrachtung eines groß angelegten Programms zur Förderung der Hochschullehre in Deutschland. Die kompetitive Mittelvergabe des Qualitätspakts Lehre lässt darauf schließen, dass die Drittmittelakquise deutlich positive Pfadabhängigkeiten aufweist und somit das potenzielle Risiko birgt, finanzielle Ungleichheiten zu intensivieren.
X-ray generation from and spectroscopy of a thin liquid sheet
Creators: name: Barnard, Jonathan Charles Tobit
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2021

description: In this thesis a fan spray nozzle design is presented that is capable of producing single micrometer thick sheets of liquid, which are stable and flat. These sheets are characterised by various interferometric techniques, and some elementary fluid dynamics calculations are employed to understand the formation of the sheet. A new experimental vacuum chamber was designed and built, and the liquid sheet jet apparatus was installed into it and run successfully in the vacuum. Soft X-ray absorption measurements were attempted, but due to problems with a lack of X-ray flux and contamination of the experimental apparatus no results have yet been obtained. The sheet was also used as a source for high harmonic generation, generating harmonics up to 50\,eV. The mechanism of high harmonic generation in the liquid is investigated, with the conclusion being reached that it is a similar mechanism to the semi-classical three step model. The effects of scattering are considered, and found to be less severe than anticipated due to correlation effects in the condensed phase.
Testing anthropic predictions for Lambda and the CMB temperature
Creators: name: Peacock, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been claimed that the observed magnitude of the vacuum energy density is consistent with the distribution predicted in anthropic models, in which an ensemble of universes is assumed. This calculation is revisited, without making the assumption that the CMB temperature is known, and considering in detail the possibility of a recollapsing universe. New accurate approximations for the growth of perturbations and the mass function of dark haloes are presented. Structure forms readily in the recollapsing phase of a model with negative Lambda, so collapse fraction alone cannot forbid Lambda from being large and negative. A negative Lambda is disfavoured only if we assume that formation of observers can be neglected once the recollapsing universe has heated to T > 8 K. For the case of positive Lambda, however, the current universe does occupy a extremely typical position compared to the predicted distribution on the Lambda-T plane. Contrasting conclusions can be reached if anthropic arguments are applied to the curvature of the universe, and we discuss the falsifiability of this mode of anthropic reasoning.
description: 9 pages. To appear in MNRAS. Minor changes to match accepted version
Modeling the effect of the vaccination campaign on the Covid-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Angeli, Mattia
name: Neofotistos, Georgios
name: Mattheakis, Marios
name: Kaxiras, Efthimios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Population-wide vaccination is critical for containing the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic when combined with restrictive and prevention measures. In this study, we introduce SAIVR, a mathematical model able to forecast the Covid-19 epidemic evolution during the vaccination campaign. SAIVR extends the widely used Susceptible-Infectious-Removed (SIR) model by considering the Asymptomatic (A) and Vaccinated (V) compartments. The model contains several parameters and initial conditions that are estimated by employing a semi-supervised machine learning procedure. After training an unsupervised neural network to solve the SAIVR differential equations, a supervised framework then estimates the optimal conditions and parameters that best fit recent infectious curves of 27 countries. Instructed by these results, we performed an extensive study on the temporal evolution of the pandemic under varying values of roll-out daily rates, vaccine efficacy, and a broad range of societal vaccine hesitancy/denial levels. The concept of herd immunity is questioned by studying future scenarios which involve different vaccination efforts and more infectious Covid-19 variants.
Mattie Arms
Creators: name: Osborn, Charles W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1870
Subjects: East Hampton
Photographs
Cabinet photographs
Portrait photographs
Portraits
Women

description: This image shows a portrait of Mattie Arms. This photograph is part of a collection of photographs found in the ceiling of 140A Main Street, now 138, in East Hampton in 1970. This collection was donated by Joan Osborne in April 1995.
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Publisher: name: ÐÐ·Ð´-Ð²Ð¾ Ð¡ÐÐ±ÐÐ¢Ð£
Year: 2000
Subjects: ÐÑÐ¾Ð¼ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð¿ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¸Ñ

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Comment on the recent COMPASS data on the spin structure function g_1
Creators: name: Ermolaev, B. I.
name: Greco, M.
name: Troyan, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the recent COMPASS data on the spin structure function g_1 singlet. We show that it is rather difficult to use the data in the present form in order to draw conclusions on the initial parton densities. However, our tentative estimate is that the data better agree with positive rather than negative initial gluon densities.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Syntheses of polypyrrolic macrocycles
Creators: name: Danso-Danquah, Richmond Edward
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Pentaphyrins are pentapyrrolic macrocycles containing five bridging methine groups between the five pyrrolic subunits. The syntheses of decamethylpentaphyrin 71, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-3,7,8,12,13,17,18,22,23-nonamethylpentaphyrin 74, 2-ethoxycarbonyl-3,7,8,22,23-pentamethyl-12,13,17,18-tetraethylpentaphyrin 75, 3,12-dimethoxycarbonylethyl-2,7,8,-13,17,18,22,23-octamethylpentaphyrins 29 and the zinc complexes of 71 and 74 are described. The physical properties of the pentaphyrins show them to be aromatic like sapphyrins, porphyrins and corroles. This aromaticity is reflected in the large shielding of the NH protons and the deshielding of the methine protons in the nmr spectra and by their optical spectra, which exhibit Soret and visible bands similar to sapphyrins and porphyrins.
Microglia Cells Treated with Synthetic Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide or Transduced with LentiVIP Protects Neuronal Cells Against Degeneration
Creators: name: Goksu Erol, Azize Yasemin
name: Koçancı, Fatma Gonca
name: Akinci, Ersin
name: Demir Dora, Devrim
name: Erendor, Fulya
name: Sanlioglu, Salih
name: Uysal, Hilmi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 429999
subject: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Background: A common pathological hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders is neuronal cell death, accompanied by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a pleiotropic peptide that combines neuroprotective and immunomodulatory actions. The gene therapy field shows long-term promise for treating a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases.Aim: We aimed to investigate the in vitro efficacy of transduction of microglia using lentiviral gene therapy vectors encoding VIP (LentiVIP). Additionally, we tested the protective effects of the secretome derived from LentiVIP-infected 'immortalized human' microglia HMC3 cells, and cells treated with Synthetic VIP (SynVIP), against toxin-induced neurodegeneration.Material/Methods: First, LentiVIP, which stably expresses VIP, was generated and purified. VIP secretion in microglial conditioned media (MG CM) for LentiVIP-infected HMC3 microglia cells was confirmed. Microglia cells were activated with lipopolysaccharide, and groups were formed as follows: 1) Control, 2) SynVIP-treated, or 3) LentiVIP-transduced. Then MG CM were applied to an in vitro neurodegenerative model formed by differentiated (d)-SH-SY5Y cells. Then, cell survival analysis and apoptotic nuclear staining, besides measurement of oxidative/inflammatory parameters in CM of cells were performed.Results: Activated MG CM reduced survival rates of both control and toxin treated (d)-SH-SY5Y cells, whereas LentiVIP infected MG CM and SynVIP treated ones exhibited better survival rates. These findings were supported by morphological and apoptotic nuclear evaluations of (d)-SH-SY5Y cells, alongside oxidative/inflammatory parameters in their CM.Conclusion: LentiVIP seems worthy of further studies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases because of the potential of gene therapy to treat diseases effectively with a single injection
Automatic digital twin data model generation of building energy systems from piping and instrumentation diagrams
Creators: name: Stinner, Florian
name: Wiecek, Martin
name: Baranski, Marc
name: Kümpel, Alexander
name: Müller, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Buildings directly and indirectly emit a large share of current CO2 emissions. There is a high potential for CO2 savings through modern control methods in building automation systems (BAS) like model predictive control (MPC). For a proper control, MPC needs mathematical models to predict the future behavior of the controlled system. For this purpose, digital twins of the building can be used. However, with current methods in existing buildings, a digital twin set up is usually labor-intensive. Especially connecting the different components of the technical system to an overall digital twin of the building is time-consuming. Piping and instrument diagrams (P&ID) can provide the needed information, but it is necessary to extract the information and provide it in a standardized format to process it further. In this work, we present an approach to recognize symbols and connections of P&ID from buildings in a completely automated way. There are various standards for graphical representation of symbols in P&ID of building energy systems. Therefore, we use different data sources and standards to generate a holistic training data set. We apply algorithms for symbol recognition, line recognition and derivation of connections to the data sets. Furthermore, the result is exported to a format that provides semantics of building energy systems. The symbol recognition, line recognition and connection recognition show good results with an average precision of 93.7%, which can be used in further processes like control generation, (distributed) model predictive control or fault detection. Nevertheless, the approach needs further research.
Black-hole information puzzle: A generic string-inspired approach
Creators: name: Nikolic, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the insight steming from string theory, the origin of the black-hole (BH) information puzzle is traced back to the assumption that it is physically meaningful to trace out the density matrix over negative-frequency Hawking particles. Instead, treating them as virtual particles necessarily absorbed by the BH in a manner consistent with the laws of BH thermodynamics, and tracing out the density matrix only over physical BH states, the complete evaporation becomes compatible with unitarity.
description: 8 pages, revised, title changed, to appear in Eur. Phys. J. C
Diversity of nuclear star cluster formation mechanisms revealed by their star formation histories
Creators: name: Fahrion, K.
name: Lyubenova, M.
name: van de Ven, G.
name: Hilker, M.
name: Leaman, R.
name: Falcón-Barroso, J.
name: Bittner, A.
name: Coccato, L.
name: Corsini, E. M.
name: Gadotti, D. A.
name: Iodice, E.
name: McDermid, R. M.
name: Martín-Navarro, I.
name: Pinna, F.
name: Poci, A.
name: Sarzi, M.
name: de Zeeuw, P. T.
name: Zhu, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear star clusters (NSCs) are the densest stellar systems in the Universe and are found in the centres of all types of galaxies. They are thought to form via mergers of star clusters such as ancient globular clusters (GCs) that spiral to the centre as a result of dynamical friction or through in-situ star formation directly at the galaxy centre. There is evidence that both paths occur, but the relative contribution of either channel and their correlation with galaxy properties are not yet constrained observationally. We aim to derive the dominant NSC formation channel for a sample of 25 nucleated galaxies, mostly in the Fornax galaxy cluster, with stellar masses between $M_\rm{gal} \sim 10^8$ and $10^{10.5} M_\odot$ and NSC masses between $M_\rm{NSC} \sim 10^5$ and $10^{8.5} M_\odot$. Using Multi-Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) data from the Fornax 3D survey and the ESO archive, we derive star formation histories, mean ages and metallicities of NSCs, and compare them to the host galaxies. In many low-mass galaxies, the NSCs are significantly more metal-poor than the hosts with properties similar to GCs. In contrast, in the massive galaxies, we find diverse star formation histories and cases of ongoing or recent in-situ star formation. Massive NSCs ($> 10^7 M_\odot$) occupy a different region in the mass-metallicity diagram than lower mass NSCs and GCs, indicating a different enrichment history. We find a clear transition of the dominant NSC formation channel with both galaxy and NSC mass. We hypothesise that while GC-accretion forms the NSCs of the dwarf galaxies, central star formation is responsible for the efficient mass build up in the most massive NSCs in our sample. At intermediate masses, both channels can contribute. The transition between these formation channels seems to occur at galaxy masses $M_\rm{gal} \sim 10^9 M_\odot$ and NSC masses $M_\rm{NSC} \sim 10^7 M_\odot$.
description: accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 18 pages, 10 figures (including appendix)
Effect of magnetic boundary conditions on the dynamo threshold of von Karman swirling flows
Creators: name: Gissinger, Christophe
name: Iskakov, Alexei
name: Fauve, Stephan
name: Dormy, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of different boundary conditions on the kinematic dynamo threshold of von Karman type swirling flows in a cylindrical geometry. Using an analytical test flow, we model different boundary conditions: insulating walls all over the flow, effect of sodium at rest on the cylinder side boundary, effect of sodium behind the impellers, effect of impellers or side wall made of a high-magnetic-permeability material. We find that using high-magnetic-permeability boundary conditions decreases the dynamo threshold, the minimum being achieved when they are implemented all over the flow.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table