cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Chandra Catalog of X-ray Sources in the Central 150 pc of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Muno, M. P.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Bandyopadhyay, R. M.
name: Wang, Q. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the catalog of X-ray sources detected in a shallow Chandra survey of the inner 2 by 0.8 degrees of the Galaxy, and in two deeper observations of the Radio Arches and Sgr B2. The catalog contains 1352 objects that are highly-absorbed (N_H > 4e22 cm^-2 and are therefore likely to lie near the Galactic center (D~8 kpc), and 549 less-absorbed sources that lie within <6 kc of Earth. Based on the inferred luminosities of the X-ray sources and the expected numbers of various classes of objects, we suggest that the sources with L_X < 1e33 erg/s that comprise ~90% of the catalog are cataclysmic variables, and that the ~100 brighter objects are accreting neutron stars and black holes, young isolated pulsars, and Wolf-Rayet and O stars in colliding-wind binaries. We find that the spatial distribution of X-ray sources matches that of the old stellar population observed in the infrared, which supports our suggestion that most of the X-ray sources are old cataclysmic variables. However, we find that there is an apparent excess of ~10 bright sources in the Radio Arches region. That region is already known to be the site of recent star formation, so we suggest that the bright sources in this region are young high-mass X-ray binaries, pulsars, or WR/O star binaries. We briefly discuss some astrophysical questions that this catalog can be used to address.
description: 16 pages, incl. 9 figures, 3 in color. Submitted to ApJ. An electronic catalog of X-ray point sources is located at http://astro.ucla.edu/~mmuno/sgra/shallow_survey_catalog.txt . A high-resolution version of figure 1 will be available when the manuscript is published
What can we learn from hydrodynamic analysis of elliptic flow?
Creators: name: Hirano, Tetsufumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We can establish a new picture, the perfect fluid sQGP core and the dissipative hadronic corona, of the space-time evolution of produced matter in relativistic heavy ion collisions at RHIC. It is also shown that the picture works well also in the forward rapidity region through an analysis based on a new class of the hydro-kinetic model and is a manifestation of deconfinement.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, talk given at Quark Matter 2005, 18th Internationl Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Interactions, August 4-9, 2005, Budapest, Hungary
Geodesic Congruences and a Collapsing Stellar Distribution in f (T ) Theories
Creators: name: Chakrabarti, Soumya
name: Said, Jackson Levi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Teleparallel Gravity (TG) describes gravitation as a torsional- rather than curvature-based effect. As in curvature-based constructions of gravity, several different formulations can be proposed, one of which is the Teleparallel equivalent of General Relativity (TEGR) which is dynamically equivalent to GR. In this work, we explore the evolution of a spatially homogeneous collapsing stellar body in the context of two important modifications to TEGR, namely f (T) gravity which is the TG analogue of f (R) gravity, and a nonminimal coupling with a scalar field which has become popular in TG for its effects in cosmology. We explore the role of geodesic deviation to study the congruence of nearby particles in lieu of the Raychaudhuri equation. We find f (T) models that satisfy the null energy condition and describe interesting collapse profiles. In the case of a nonminimally coupled scalar field, we also find potential collapse models with intriguing scalar field evolution profiles.
description: 12 pages, 5 Figures, Accepted for Publication in Physical Review D
Additional file 5 of Keywords reflecting sepsis presentation based on mode of emergency department arrival: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wallgren, Ulrika Margareta
name: Larsson, Eric
name: Su, Anna
name: Short, Jennifer
name: Järnbert-Pettersson, Hans
name: Kurland, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: (PDF). Prevalence of keywords exceeding 20% based on mode of arrival and gender. A comparison of prevalence of all keywords* exceeding 20% among septic patients presenting to Södersjukhuset´s emergency department during 2013, based on mode of arrival AND gender.
Metamaterials with Negative Compressibility Highlight Evolving Interpretations and Opportunities
Creators: name: Nicolaou, Zachary G.
name: Jiang, Feng
name: Motter, Adilson E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea that a material can exhibit negative compressibility is highly consequential for research and applications. As new forms for this effect are discovered, it is important to examine the range of possible mechanisms and ways to design them into mechanical metamaterials.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures
Comment on "Froehlich Mass in GaAs-Based Structures"
Creators: name: Klimin, S. N.
name: Devreese, J. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of recent measurements of the cyclotron resonance (CR) spectra for a GaAs quantum well are interpreted in terms of the resonant magnetopolaron effect. Owing to this effect, the CR peaks split near the TO-phonon frequency and also change their positions with respect to those obtained without electron-phonon interaction. The theoretical peak positions of the CR spectra calculated within the many-polaron approach compare well with experimental data, as distinct from the CR energies calculated without electron-phonon interaction, which show no particular features in the region of the optical-phonon frequencies. We conclude that the Froehlich polaron concept is valid and even necessary to interpret the CR spectra of quantum wells.
description: 1 page, 1 figure, E-mail addresses: jozef.devreese@ua.ac.be, sergei.klimin@ua.ac.be
Optimal quantum repeaters for qubits and qudits
Creators: name: Genoni, Marco G.
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of optimal quantum repeaters for qubits is suggested. The schemes are minimal, i.e. involve a single additional probe qubit, and optimal, i.e. provide the maximum information adding the minimum amount of noise. Information gain and state disturbance are quantified by fidelities which, for our schemes, saturate the ultimate bound imposed by quantum mechanics for randomly distributed signals. Special classes of signals are also investigated, in order to improve the information-disturbance trade-off. Extension to higher dimensional signals (qudits) is straightforward.
description: Revised version. To appear in PRA
On approximation of homeomorphisms of a Cantor set
Creators: name: Medynets, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B05; 54H11

description: We continue to study topological properties of the group Homeo(X) of all homeomorphisms of a Cantor set X with respect to the uniform topology tau, which was started in the paper (S. Bezuglyi, A.H. Dooley, and J. Kwiatkowski, Topologies on the group of homeomorphisms of a Cantor set, ArXiv e-print math.DS/0410507, 2004). We prove that the set of periodic homeomorphisms is tau-dense in Homeo(X) and deduce from this result that the topological group (Homeo(X), tau) has the Rokhlin property, i.e., there exists a homeomorphism whose conjugate class is tau-dense in Homeo(X). We also show that for any homeomorphism T the topological full group [[T]] is tau-dense in the full group [T].
description: 12 pages: typos fixed
Topological signatures in CMB temperature anisotropy maps
Creators: name: Hipolito-Ricaldi, W. S.
name: Gomero, G. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an alternative formalism to simulate CMB temperature maps in $Λ$CDM universes with nontrivial spatial topologies. This formalism avoids the need to explicitly compute the eigenmodes of the Laplacian operator in the spatial sections. Instead, the covariance matrix of the coefficients of the spherical harmonic decomposition of the temperature anisotropies is expressed in terms of the elements of the covering group of the space. We obtain a decomposition of the correlation matrix that isolates the topological contribution to the CMB temperature anisotropies out of the simply connected contribution. A further decomposition of the topological signature of the correlation matrix for an arbitrary topology allows us to compute it in terms of correlation matrices corresponding to simpler topologies, for which closed quadrature formulae might be derived. We also use this decomposition to show that CMB temperature maps of (not too large) multiply connected universes must show ``patterns of alignment'', and propose a method to look for these patterns, thus opening the door to the development of new methods for detecting the topology of our Universe even when the injectivity radius of space is slightly larger than the radius of the last scattering surface. We illustrate all these features with the simplest examples, those of flat homogeneous manifolds, i.e., tori, with special attention given to the cylinder, i.e., $T^1$ topology.
description: 25 pages, 7 eps figures, revtex4, submitted to PRD
Long-distance free-space measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Cao, Yuan
name: Li, Yu-Huai
name: Yang, Kui-Xing
name: Jiang, Yang-Fan
name: Li, Shuang-Lin
name: Hu, Xiao-Long
name: Abulizi, Maimaiti
name: Li, Cheng-Long
name: Zhang, Weijun
name: Sun, Qi-Chao
name: Liu, Wei-Yue
name: Jiang, Xiao
name: Liao, Sheng-Kai
name: Ren, Ji-Gang
name: Li, Hao
name: You, Lixing
name: Wang, Zhen
name: Yin, Juan
name: Lu, Chao-Yang
name: Wang, Xiang-Bin
name: Zhang, Qiang
name: Peng, Cheng-Zhi
name: Pan, Jian-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), based on two-photon interference, is immune to all attacks against the detection system and allows a QKD network with untrusted relays. Since the MDI-QKD protocol was proposed, fibre-based implementations have been rapidly developed towards longer distance, higher key rates, and network verification. However, owing to the effect of atmospheric turbulence, MDI-QKD over free-space channel remains experimentally challenging. Here, by developing the robust adaptive optics system, high precision time synchronization and frequency locking between independent photon sources located far apart, we realised the first free-space MDI-QKD over a 19.2-km urban atmospheric channel, which well exceeds the effective atmospheric thickness. Our experiment takes the first step towards satellite-based MDI-QKD. Moreover, the technology developed here opens the way to quantum experiments in free space involving long-distance interference of independent single photons.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Transportation Cost and Market Power of Middlemen: A Spatial Analysis of Agricultural Commodity Markets in Developing Countries
Creators: name: Suzuki, Aya
name: Sexton, Richard J.
name: Suzuki, Aya
name: Sexton, Richard J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Public Economics

description: While high transportation cost and market power are long-recognized sources of market inefficiency, their analytical relation has not been established in a developing country context. In this paper, we analyze the mechanism by which lower transportation costs increase farm prices and profits by reducing marketing costs and marketing firms' exercise of oligopsony power. We utilize a two-stage game framework to demonstrate use of an endogenous financing mechanism to generate funds to improve transportation infrastructure and derive the optimal rate of taxation to maximize producer welfare.
Additional file 6 of Keywords reflecting sepsis presentation based on mode of emergency department arrival: a retrospective cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Wallgren, Ulrika Margareta
name: Larsson, Eric
name: Su, Anna
name: Short, Jennifer
name: Järnbert-Pettersson, Hans
name: Kurland, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: (PDF). Prevalence of keywords exceeding 20% based on mode of arrival and sepsis severity. A comparison of prevalence of all keywords* exceeding 20% among septic patients presenting to Södersjukhuset´s emergency department during 2013, based on mode of arrival AND sepsis severity.
Branes in the plane wave background with gauge field condensates
Creators: name: Mattik, Tako
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersymmetric branes in the plane wave background with additional constant magnetic fields are studied from the world-sheet point of view. It is found that in contradistinction to flat space, boundary condensates on some maximally supersymmetric branes necessarily break at least some supersymmetries. The maximally supersymmetric cases with condensates are shown to be in one to one correspondence with the previously classified class II branes.
description: LaTeX, 31 pages, no figures; v2: references added, some typos corrected
Highgrading in Quota Regulated Fisheries: Evidence from the Icelandic Cod Fishery
Creators: name: Kristofersson, Dadi
name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
name: Kristofersson, Dadi
name: Rickertsen, Kyrre
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: A theoretical model with nonlinear discarding costs is constructed to describe highgrading in a fishery with an Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) program. The model shows that ITQs provide incentives to discard fish when the hold capacity of the vessel is nonbinding. An empirical model is developed to test for highgrading and to predict the discarded quantities of different grades of fish. This model is applied to the Icelandic ITQ-regulated cod fishery. Net and long-line vessels are involved in highgrading and the quota price induces highgrading for net vessels. The predicted total discarded quantities are 4.7% and 2.7% of total landings for net and long-line vessels, respectively. Long-line and net vessels are predicted to discard 18% and 76% of their small cod catch, suggesting that resource managers should focus on net vessels. These discard rates correspond well with biometric estimates, suggesting that economic modeling is a useful alternative method.
Positional games on random graphs
Creators: name: Stojakovic, Milos
name: Szabo, Tibor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91A24; 05C80

description: We introduce and study Maker/Breaker-type positional games on random graphs. Our main concern is to determine the threshold probability $p_{F}$ for the existence of Maker's strategy to claim a member of $F$ in the unbiased game played on the edges of random graph $G(n,p)$, for various target families $F$ of winning sets. More generally, for each probability above this threshold we study the smallest bias $b$ such that Maker wins the $(1\:b)$ biased game. We investigate these functions for a number of basic games, like the connectivity game, the perfect matching game, the clique game and the Hamiltonian cycle game.
ANALYZING CROSS-COUNTRY DIFFERENCES IN OBESITY RATES: SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS
Creators: name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Health Economics and Policy

description: Obesity is a growing concern for both developed and developing countries. The aim of this paper is to provide an empirical analysis of cross-country differences in obesity rates in OECD countries. In particular, we study the effects of different urbanization processes, dietary habits, labor market changes, as well as other public policies undertaken by each country in order to reduce the incidence of obesity. Our results conclude that changes in dietary habits, which include the daily intake of more calories, are playing a positive and statistically significant role on the growth of obesity rates. Additionally, educational policies have a negative and statistical effect on increasing obesity rates. Further, the process of urbanization seems to be a major force contributing to the growth of obesity rates, while female labor participation is not increasing the incidence of obesity across OECD countries.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 07/30/04.
Neutron star equation of state: QMF modeling and applications
Creators: name: Li, A.
name: Zhu, Z. -Y.
name: Zhou, E. -P.
name: Dong, J. -M.
name: Hu, J. -N.
name: Xia, C. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Because of the development of many-body theories of nuclear matter, the long-standing, open problem of the equation of state (EOS) of dense matter may be understood in the near future through the confrontation of theoretical calculations with laboratory measurements of nuclear properties \& reactions and increasingly accurate observations in astronomy. In this review, we focus on the following six aspects: 1) providing a survey of the quark mean-field (QMF) model, which consistently describes a nucleon and many-body nucleonic system from a quark potential; 2) applying QMF to both nuclear matter and neutron stars; 3) extending QMF formalism to the description of hypernuclei and hyperon matter, as well as hyperon stars; 4) exploring the hadron-quark phase transition and hybrid stars by combining the QMF model with the quark matter model characterized by the sound speed; 5) constraining interquark interactions through both the gravitational wave signals and electromagnetic signals of binary merger event GW170817; and 6) discussing further opportunities to study dense matter EOS from compact objects, such as neutron star cooling and pulsar glitches.
description: 101 pages, 20 figures, invited review, to appear in Journal of High Energy Astrophysics
ASSESSING THE BENEFITS OF ON-FARM RESERVOIRS AND TAIL-WATER RECOVERY SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Popp, Jennie S. Hughes
name: Wailes, Eric J.
name: Young, Kenneth B.
name: Smartt, Jim
name: Popp, Jennie S. Hughes
name: Wailes, Eric J.
name: Young, Kenneth B.
name: Smartt, Jim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The purpose of this paper is to apply the MARORA model to evaluate the use of on-farm reservoirs and other management practices with respect to economic costs and returns and water use for rice and soybean production. Potential environmental benefits are also discussed.
Embedded linearity test for ADCs
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhurang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Recent years have seen an unparalleled growth in the speed and complexity of VLSI circuits. Analog and mixed-signal circuits are going through a resurgence and continue to pose new challenges to VLSI test engineers. Analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are one of the most frequently used mixed-signal circuits. ADCs are precision products and their test usually requires high quality test equipment. With the advances of ADCs, the required test equipment is becoming increasingly expensive. In this thesis, the linearity test problem of ADCs is approached with a built-in self-test (BIST) perspective. A novel embedded servo loop is proposed for testing the differential nonlinearity (DNL) and integral nonlinearity (INL) of ADCs. An integrator whose integration time is precisely controlled by a delay line is the key part of the servo loop circuitry. The analog part of the servo loop is very simple and does not need calibration while the digital part can be synthesized from a hardware description language (HDL). The servo loop does not alter the architecture and operation of the ADC under test and can be used to test any kind of ADC. The servo loop occupies a small area and is suitable for BIST application. The measurement results for DNL and INL are transformed into a digital representation, and the measurement resolution and error are determined by the delay of standard digital gates. Simulation results are reported for a embedded servo loop implemented in 0.35um CMOS technology.
A mechanistic framework for a priori pharmacokinetic predictions of orally inhaled drugs
Creators: name: Hartung, Niklas
name: Borghardt, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The fate of orally inhaled drugs is determined by pulmonary pharmacokinetic (PK) processes such as particle deposition, pulmonary drug dissolution, and mucociliary clearance. Although each single process has been systematically investigated, a quantitative understanding on their interaction remains limited and hence identifying optimal drug and formulation characteristics for orally inhaled drugs is still challenging. To investigate this complex interplay, the pulmonary processes can be integrated into mathematical models. However, existing modeling attempts considerably simplify these processes or are not systematically evaluated against (clinical) data. In this work, we developed a mathematical framework based on physiologically-structured population equations to integrate all relevant pulmonary processes mechanistically. A tailored numerical resolution strategy was chosen and the mechanistic model was evaluated systematically against different clinical datasets. Without any parameter estimation based on individual study data, the developed model simultaneously predicted (1) lung retention profiles of inhaled insoluble particles, (2) particle size-dependent PK of inhaled monodisperse particles, (3) PK differences between inhaled fluticasone propionate and budesonide, and (4) PK differences between healthy volunteers and asthmatic patients. Finally, to identify the most impactful optimization criteria for orally inhaled drugs, we investigated the impact of input parameters on both pulmonary and systemic exposure. Solubility of the inhaled drug did not have any relevant impact on local and systemic PK. Instead, pulmonary dissolution rate, particle size, tissue affinity, and systemic clearance were impactful potential optimization parameters. In the future, the developed prediction framework should be considered a powerful tool to identify optimal drug and formulation characteristics.
Additional file 1 of Complementary feeding practice and associated factors among internally displaced mothers of children aged 6–23 months in Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Yeshaneh, Alex
name: Zebene, Meron
name: Gashu, Molla
name: Abebe, Haimanot
name: Abate, Habtemariam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Reconstruction of primordial density fields
Creators: name: Mohayaee, Roya
name: Mathis, Hugues
name: Colombi, Stephane
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Monge-Ampere-Kantorovich (MAK) reconstruction is tested against cosmological N-body simulations. Using only the present mass distribution sampled with particles, and the assumption of homogeneity of the primordial distribution, MAK recovers for each particle the non-linear displacement field between its present position and its Lagrangian position on a primordial uniform grid. To test the method, we examine a standard LCDM N-body simulation with Gaussian initial conditions and 6 models with non-Gaussian initial conditions: a chi-squared model, a model with primordial voids and four weakly non-Gaussian models. Our extensive analyses of the Gaussian simulation show that the level of accuracy of the reconstruction of the nonlinear displacement field achieved by MAK is unprecedented, at scales as small as about 3 Mpc. In particular, it captures in a nontrivial way the nonlinear contribution from gravitational instability, well beyond the Zel'dovich approximation. This is also confirmed by our analyses of the non-Gaussian samples. Applying the spherical collapse model to the probability distribution function of the divergence of the displacement field, we also show that from a well-reconstructed displacement field, such as that given by MAK, it is possible to accurately disentangle dynamical contributions induced by gravitational clustering from possible initial non-Gaussianities, allowing one to efficiently test the non-Gaussian nature of the primordial fluctuations. In addition, a simple application of MAK using the Zel'dovich approximation allows one to also recover accurately the present-day peculiar velocity field on scales of about 8 Mpc.
description: Version to appear in MNRAS, 24 pages, 21 figures appearing (uses 35 figure files), 1 table
Time Allocations on Farming and Non-paid Domestic Work: The Behavior of Farmers in Poor Areas of China
Creators: name: Yang, Jun
name: Li, Yu
name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Yang, Jun
name: Li, Yu
name: Veeman, Michele M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Farm Management

description: This paper analyses time allocations of a sample of farmers, from four southwest counties in China that are representative of the poor areas of the country. The allocations of time toward two different activities - farming and non-paid domestic work - are modeled as semi-logarithmic input demand models. Plowland areas and demographic variables are significant explanators of these time allocations, but this is not the case for the economic variables of prices and wage rates. The results suggest the existence of inefficiencies in the markets for products and for labour. It is concluded that sound market systems for inputs and outputs are crucial to poverty reduction and development in poor areas of China.
Insulator-pseudogap crossover in the Lieb lattice
Creators: name: Huhtinen, Kukka-Emilia
name: Törmä, Päivi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the attractive Hubbard model in the Lieb lattice to understand the normal state above the superconducting critical temperature in a flat band system. We use cluster dynamical mean-field theory to compute the two-particle susceptibilities with full quantum fluctuations included in the cluster. At interaction strengths lower than the hopping amplitude, we find that the normal state on the flat band is an insulator. The insulating behavior stems from the localization properties of the flat band. A flat-band enhanced pseudogap with a depleted spectral function arises at larger interactions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures and a supplementary material
MATCHING AND INVENTORY LOSS RISKS AS FACILITATORS OF MARKET POWER IN PRIVATE NEGOTIATION SPOT TRADING
Creators: name: Menkhaus, Dale J.
name: Phillips, Owen R.
name: Bastian, Christopher T.
name: Gittings, Lance B.
name: Menkhaus, Dale J.
name: Phillips, Owen R.
name: Bastian, Christopher T.
name: Gittings, Lance B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This laboratory study investigates the extent to which matching and inventory loss risks contribute to market power in private negotiation trading. Asymmetry in the number of buyers and sellers increases matching risk when exchange is bilateral. The risk of inventory loss can occur from advance production and is common in markets for perishable products. In a buyer concentrated market with bilateral trading, prices are about 23% below the predicted competitive level and close to the monopsony price. These lower prices are the result of tacit coordination enjoyed by buyers resulting from matching and inventory loss risks faced by sellers.
Resolution-dependent Subsonic Non-thermal Line Dispersion Revealed by ALMA
Creators: name: Yue, Nannan
name: Li, Di
name: Zhang, Qizhou
name: Zhu, Lei
name: Henshaw, Jonathan
name: Mardones, Diego
name: Ren, Zhiyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) N$_2$H$^+$ (1-0) images of the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 and 3 (OMC-2/3) with high angular resolution (3'' or 1200 au) and high spatial dynamic range. Combining dataset from the ALMA main array, ALMA Compact Array (ACA), the Nobeyama 45m Telescope, and the JVLA (providing temperature measurement on matching scales), we find that most of the dense gas in OMC-2/3 is subsonic ($\rm σ_{NT}/c_{s}$ = 0.62) with a mean line width ($Δ\upsilon$) of 0.39 km s$^{-1}$ FWHM. This is markedly different from the majority of previous observations of massive star-forming regions. In contrast, line widths from the Nobeyama Telescope are transonic at 0.69 km s$^{-1}$ ($\rm σ_{NT}/c_{s}$ = 1.08). We demonstrated that the larger line widths obtained by the single-dish telescope arose from unresolved sub-structures within their respective beams. The dispersions from larger scales $σ_{ls}$ (as traced by the Nobeyama Telescope) can be decomposed into three components $\rm σ_{ls}^2 = σ_{ss}^2+ σ_{bm}^2+ σ_{rd}^2$, where small-scale $σ_{ss}$ is the line dispersion of each ALMA beam, bulk motion $σ_{bm}$ is dispersion between peak velocity of each ALMA beam, and $σ_{rd}$ is the residual dispersion. Such decomposition, though purely empirical, appears to be robust throughout our data cubes. Apparent supersonic line widths, commonly found in massive molecular clouds, are thus likely due to the effect of poor spatial resolution. The observed non-thermal line dispersion (sometimes referred to as 'turbulence') transits from supersonic to subsonic at $\sim 0.05$ pc scales in OMC-2/3 region. Such transition could be commonly found with sufficient spatial (not just angular) resolution, even in regions with massive young clusters, such as Orion molecular clouds studied here.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, accepted by RAA
IMPORTANCE OF COST OFFSETS FOR DAIRY FARMS MEETING A NUTRIENT APPLICATION STANDARD
Creators: name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Agapoff, Jean
name: Ribaudo, Marc
name: Agapoff, Jean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The Environmental Protection Agency requires concentrated animal feeding operations to develop and implement a comprehensive nutrient management plan. Changes in manure management to meet nutrient application standards will generally increase production costs. Some of these costs can be offset by savings from replacing commercial fertilizer with manure nutrients, and through financial assistance programs such as the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP). A manure application cost model was used to examine the costs to confined dairy farms of meeting nutrient application standards, and the ability of fertilizer offsets and EQIP to reduce these costs.
Open-charm systems in cold nuclear matter
Creators: name: Lutz, M. F. M.
name: Korpa, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spectral distributions of charmed meson with $J^P=0^-$ quantum numbers in cold nuclear matter applying a self-consistent and covariant many-body approach established previously for the nuclear dynamics of kaons. At leading orders the computation requires as input the free-space two-body scattering amplitudes only. Our results are based on the s-wave meson-nucleon amplitudes obtained recently in terms of a coupled-channel approach. The amplitudes are characterized by the presence of many resonances in part so far not observed. This gives rise to an intriguing dynamics of charmed mesons in nuclear matter. At nuclear saturation density we predict a pronounced two-mode structure of the $D^+$ mesons with a main branch pushed up by about 32 MeV. The lower branch reflects the coupling to two resonance-hole states that are almost degenerate. For the $D^-$ we obtain a single mode pushed up by about 18 MeV relative to the vacuum mode. Most spectacular are the results for the $D^+_s$ meson. The presence of an exotic resonance-hole state gives rise to a rather broad and strongly momentum dependent spectral distribution.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Diffusion coefficient and acceleration spectrum from direct measurements of charged cosmic ray nuclei
Creators: name: Castellina, A.
name: Donato, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the potentials of several experimental configurations dedicated to direct measurements of charged cosmic ray (CR) nuclei at energies $\gsim$ 100 GeV/n. Within a two-zone propagation model for stable CRs, we calculate light primary and secondary nuclei fluxes for different diffusion and acceleration schemes. We show that the new detectors exploiting the long and ultra long duration balloon flights could determine the diffusion coefficient power index $δ$ through the measurement of the boron-to-carbon ratio with an uncertainty of about 10-15 %, if systematic errors are low enough. Only space-based or satellite detectors will be able to determine $δ$ with very high accuracy even in the case of important systematic errors, thanks to the higher energy reach and the less severe limitations in the exposure. We show that no uncertainties other than those on $δ$ affect the determination of the acceleration slope $α$, so that measures of light primary nuclei, such as the carbon one, performed with the same experiments, will provide valuable information on the acceleration mechanisms.
description: 20 pages, 6 figs., Astropart. Physics, in press
Distinct Kondo Screening Behaviors in Heavy Fermion Filled Skutterudites with 4f1 and 4f2 Configurations
Creators: name: Lou, X.
name: Xu, H. C.
name: Yu, T. L.
name: Song, Y. H.
name: Wen, C. H. P.
name: Wei, W. Z.
name: Leithe-Jasper, A.
name: Ding, Z. F.
name: Shu, L.
name: Kirchner, S.
name: Peng, R.
name: Feng, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Filled-skutterudite heavy fermion (HF) compounds host rich ground states depending on the f electron configurations. CeOs4Sb12 (COS) with Ce 4f1, and PrOs4Sb12 (POS) with Pr 4f2 configurations show distinct properties of Kondo insulating and HF superconductivity, respectivity. We unveiled the underlying microscopic origin by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies. Their eV-scale band structure matches well, representing the common characters of conduction electrons in ROs4Sb12 systems (R = rare earth). However, f electrons interact differently with conduction electrons in them. Strong hybridization between conduction electrons and f electrons is observed in COS with band dependent hybridization gaps, and the development of Kondo insulating state is directly revealed. Although the ground state of POS is a singlet, finite but incoherent hybridization exists due to Kondo scattering with the thermally excited triplet crystalline electric field (CEF) state. Our results help to understand the intriguing properties in COS and POS, and provide a clean demonstration of the microscopic differences in HF systems with 4f1 and 4f2 configurations.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
PRODUCER VALUATION OF HERD BULL CHARACTERISTICS
Creators: name: Holt, John D.
name: Fields, Deacue
name: Prevatt, J. Walter
name: Kriese-Anderson, Lisa
name: Holt, John D.
name: Fields, Deacue
name: Prevatt, J. Walter
name: Kriese-Anderson, Lisa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This study evaluates the importance of certain bull characteristics (disposition, EPD's, conformation, etc.) on a cow-calf producer's herd bull purchase decision. Data were collected from the Auburn University Bull Test Sale from 1997 to 2004. A total of 260 buyers purchased a total of 370 bulls during this six-year period. These buyers will be surveyed to determine demographics, farm characteristics, and the importance of factors influencing their bull purchase decision. A hedonic pricing model will be utilized to determine the value that individual buyers place on various factors or bull characteristics when purchasing a bull.
TESTING THE PECKING ORDER THEORY AND THE SIGNALING THEORY FOR FARM BUSINESSES
Creators: name: Zhao, Jianmei
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Zhao, Jianmei
name: Katchova, Ani L.
name: Barry, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Farm Businesses
subject: Pecking Order Theory
subject: Signaling Theory

description: Numerous empirical studies in the finance field have tested many theories for firms¡¦ capital structure. Under the assumption of asymmetric information, the pecking order theory proposes the financing order for farm businesses, which implies a negative relationship between their cash flow and leverage. Meanwhile, the signaling theory suggests a farms' financing strategy, meaning high quality farms prefer to facilitate their capital rising by sending diverse signals to potential lenders. Could these capital structure theories be applied for farm businesses? This paper tests the applicability of the pecking order theory and the signaling theory for farm businesses. The results show that farm businesses not only follow the pecking order theory but also the signaling theory. In addition, unlike corporate firms who can choose high leverage as financing signals, farm businesses mainly depend on their large size and good historical operation records to facilitate investment financing.
MLModelCI: An Automatic Cloud Platform for Efficient MLaaS
Creators: name: Zhang, Huaizheng
name: Li, Yuanming
name: Huang, Yizheng
name: Wen, Yonggang
name: Yin, Jianxiong
name: Guan, Kyle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: MLModelCI provides multimedia researchers and developers with a one-stop platform for efficient machine learning (ML) services. The system leverages DevOps techniques to optimize, test, and manage models. It also containerizes and deploys these optimized and validated models as cloud services (MLaaS). In its essence, MLModelCI serves as a housekeeper to help users publish models. The models are first automatically converted to optimized formats for production purpose and then profiled under different settings (e.g., batch size and hardware). The profiling information can be used as guidelines for balancing the trade-off between performance and cost of MLaaS. Finally, the system dockerizes the models for ease of deployment to cloud environments. A key feature of MLModelCI is the implementation of a controller, which allows elastic evaluation which only utilizes idle workers while maintaining online service quality. Our system bridges the gap between current ML training and serving systems and thus free developers from manual and tedious work often associated with service deployment. We release the platform as an open-source project on GitHub under Apache 2.0 license, with the aim that it will facilitate and streamline more large-scale ML applications and research projects.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
On the production of He$^+$ of solar origin in the solar wind
Creators: name: Rivera, Yeimy J.
name: Landi, Enrico
name: Lepri, Susan T.
name: Gilbert, Jason A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solar wind measurements in the heliosphere are predominantly comprised of protons, alphas, and minor elements in a highly ionized state. The majority of low charge states, such as He$^{+}$, measured in situ are often attributed to pick up ions of non-solar origin. However, through inspection of the velocity distribution functions of near Earth measurements, we find a small but significant population of He$^+$ ions in the normal solar wind whose properties indicate that it originated from the Sun and has evolved as part of the normal solar wind. Current ionization models, largely governed by electron impact and radiative ionization and recombination processes, underestimate this population by several orders of magnitude. Therefore, to reconcile the singly ionized He observed, we investigate recombination of solar He$^{2+}$ through charge exchange with neutrals from circumsolar dust as a possible formation mechanism of solar He$^{+}$. We present an empirical profile of neutrals necessary for charge exchange to become an effective vehicle to recombine He$^{2+}$ to He$^{+}$ such that it meets observational He$^{+}$ values. We find the formation of He$^{+}$ is not only sensitive to the density of neutrals but also to the inner boundary of the neutral distribution encountered along the solar wind path. However, further observational constraints are necessary to confirm that the interaction between solar $α$ particles and dust neutrals is the primary source of the He$^{+}$ observations.
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, 2 tables
Architecture of a high speed JBIG processing engine
Creators: name: Chan, Vincent
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The high volume of traffic in facsimile transmissions has lead to demands for high-speed image processors to use in dedicated multi-channel fax devices. Image processors in these devices must provide a high throughput of data as well as the ability to easily switch between processing of different images. In this thesis, the architecture of an image processing engine for the encoding and decoding o f images based on the Joint Bi-level Image Group (JBIG) standard is proposed. When used in conjunction of another processing engine for the coding of modified Huffman (MH), modified Read (MR) and modified modified Read (MMR) images, the engine is capable of compressing and converting between these facsimile standards on the fly at a high data rate. Another application of the JBIG engine is in the controller of digital printing or copying devices where image compression can effectively reduce memory usage. For efficient implementation of the standard, the JBIG facsimile standard is analyzed to exploit parallelisms in the algorithm. The proposed JBIG engine utilizes a simple pipelined architecture to achieve a throughput of close to 1 pixel per clock cycle. Synthesis results show that the JBIG engine can run at a clock rate of 50 MHz on an Altera Flex 10KE family -1 speed rated programmable logic device.
Additional file 1 of A mixed-methods study exploring women’s perceptions of terminology surrounding fertility and menstrual regulation in Côte d’Ivoire and Nigeria
Creators: name: Sheehy, Grace
name: Omoluabi, Elizabeth
name: OlaOlorun, Funmilola M.
name: Mosso, Rosine
name: Bazié, Fiacre
name: Moreau, Caroline
name: Bell, Suzanne O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Quantitative and qualitative sample characteristics.
CONSUMER ACCEPTANCE OF GMO COWPEAS IN SUB-SAHARA AFRICA
Creators: name: Kushwaha, Saket
name: Musa, A.S.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Fulton, Joan R.
name: Kushwaha, Saket
name: Musa, A.S.
name: Lowenberg-DeBoer, James
name: Fulton, Joan R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Cowpea is the most important indigenous African grain legume for both home use and as a cash crop. Because of its tolerance to drought it is especially important for the Sahel. Genetic transformation of cowpea with Bachilius Thurengius (Bt) genes to control pod boring insects has many advantages, but little is known of the potential consumer response. This paper analyzes and reports the results of a survey of 200 consumers in northern Nigeria in early 2003 concerning consumer awareness of and acceptance of biotechnology. Ninety percent of the respondents were aware of GM products. Those respondents who were most concerned about the ethics of genetic transformation were likely to disapprove of such products, while those individuals who identified international radio as an information source were more likely to approve of GM technology.
A short proof of the simple continued fraction expansion of e
Creators: name: Cohn, Henry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This note presents an especially short and direct variant of Hermite's proof of the simple continued fraction expansion e = [2,1,2,1,1,4,1,1,6,...] and explains some of the motivation behind it.
description: 6 pages; only change from published version is that "Riccati" is now spelled correctly
Additional file 2 of A mixed-methods study exploring women’s perceptions of terminology surrounding fertility and menstrual regulation in Côte d’Ivoire and Nigeria
Creators: name: Sheehy, Grace
name: Omoluabi, Elizabeth
name: OlaOlorun, Funmilola M.
name: Mosso, Rosine
name: Bazié, Fiacre
name: Moreau, Caroline
name: Bell, Suzanne O.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Percentage that consider pregnancy removal different than period regulation, by background characteristics.