cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Sedimentological record of a river mouth in Northern Lebanon during the Holocene
Creators: name: Trappe, Martin
name: Christian, Sender
name: Jakob, Rom
name: Karin, Kopetzky
name: Hermann, Genz
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Within the framework of a geoarchaeological project to reconstruct the environmental conditions in the hinterland of an archaeological excavation in Northern Lebanon a drilling core near to the Nahr-El-Jaouz river mouth was taken in 2022. The core exhibits a 10,50m thick succession of Holocene fluvial deposits. Sampling comprised more than 100 samples. Sedimentological techniques using grain size distributions and textural parameters were applied for the assessment of facies type and the conditions of sediment transport and deposition.

At a drilled depth of 10,00-10,50m gravelly sediments occurred representing the deltaic foreset followed by an alternating sequence of muds and sandy muds deposited directly at the river mouth or somewhat upstream (deltaic topset). The section above consisting of sandy to muddy sediments was formed by temporarily floods or stagnant water showing mainly suspension transport of the particles. The facial interpretation indicates a transition between a lagoonal environment of the topset and a distal floodplain far from the main river.

Most of the upper core (9,35m to the surface) shows sediments formed within a wetland environment. Frequent facial changes from distal to proximate floodplain positions with muddy and sandy deposits can be observed. Gravelly layers occur as occasional intercalations deposited by more turbulent floods of different reach and force.

The drill core indicates a former sea arm of several kilometres in length for the Nahr-El-Jaouz river mouth. Unfortunately, at present no age data from 14C analyses of taken charcoals or from OSL dating are available. These analyses are still in progress.
title: Seasonal variances in the palaeolake of Tayma (Saudi Arabia) seen in microfossils during the Early Holocene Humid Period
Creators: name: Pint, Anna
name: Quante, Ella
name: Frenzel, Peter
name: Becher, Eilyn
name: Engel, Max
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
During the Early Holocene Humid Period (EHHP), a perennial lake was located in the endorheic depression north of the modern settlement of Tayma in Saudi Arabia. While the climate in this area is arid to hyperarid today, it was arid to semiarid during the EHHP. A deep lake phase occurred around the 8.2 ka BP climate deterioration that led to general cooling and drying on the Arabian Peninsula. Foraminifers and ostracods in the sediments of the sabkha basin represent a brackish to hypersaline inland water fauna, which provides valuable information on the past precipitation/evaporation balance. In the lower part of an analysed core section from the deepest part of the basin, they reflect the beginning of the EHHP with a transition to a more humid phase and the development from slightly saline wetlands to a shallow brackish lake, shown by increasing microfossil abundances, a decreasing adult/juvenile-ratio in ostracods, and an increase of δ13C. This culminated in a deep lake phase at ca. 8.3 cal. BP. Varved sediments from two sections contain ostracods and foraminifers which are more abundant in the dark layers, indicating more favorable living conditions during deposition of these layers. This is also indicated by higher frequencies of juvenile carapaces in the light layers, suggesting possibly higher juvenile mortality rates. A sieve pore analysis in ostracods valves proposes distinctly higher salinities during deposition of the light layers. The seasonal variances in the microfossil assemblages may reflect generally dry summers and more humid winters.
Local stabilizer codes in three dimensions without string logical operators
Creators: name: Haah, Jeongwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest concrete models for self-correcting quantum memory by reporting examples of local stabilizer codes in 3D that have no string logical operators. Previously known local stabilizer codes in 3D all have string-like logical operators, which make the codes non-self-correcting. We introduce a notion of "logical string segments" to avoid difficulties in defining one dimensional objects in discrete lattices. We prove that every string-like logical operator of our code can be deformed to a disjoint union of short segments, and each segment is in the stabilizer group. The code has surface-like logical operators whose partial implementation has unsatisfied stabilizers along its boundary.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures; clarified intermidiate steps in the proof
Exploration of the COVID-19 pandemic at the neighborhood level in an intra-urban setting
Creators: name: Schmitz, Tillman
name: Lakes, Tobia
name: Manafa, Georgianna
name: Lambio, Christoph
name: Butler, Jeffrey
name: Roth, Alexandra
name: Savaskan, Nicolai
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: COVID-19
subject: spatiotemporal analysis
subject: public health measure
subject: spatial scan statistics
subject: age groups
subject: urban health
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The COVID-19 pandemic represents a worldwide threat to health. Since its onset in 2019, the pandemic has proceeded in different phases, which have been shaped by a complex set of influencing factors, including public health and social measures, the emergence of new virus variants, and seasonality. Understanding the development of COVID-19 incidence and its spatiotemporal patterns at a neighborhood level is crucial for local health authorities to identify high-risk areas and develop tailored mitigation strategies. However, analyses at the neighborhood level are scarce and mostly limited to specific phases of the pandemic. The aim of this study was to explore the development of COVID-19 incidence and spatiotemporal patterns of incidence at a neighborhood scale in an intra-urban setting over several pandemic phases (March 2020–December 2021). We used reported COVID-19 case data from the health department of the district Berlin-Neukölln, Germany, additional socio-demographic data, and text documents and materials on implemented public health and social measures. We examined incidence over time in the context of the measures and other influencing factors, with a particular focus on age groups. We used incidence maps and spatial scan statistics to reveal changing spatiotemporal patterns. Our results show that several factors may have influenced the development of COVID-19 incidence. In particular, the far-reaching measures for contact reduction showed a substantial impact on incidence in Neukölln. We observed several age group-specific effects: school closures had an effect on incidence in the younger population (< 18 years), whereas the start of the vaccination campaign had an impact primarily on incidence among the elderly (> 65 years). The spatial analysis revealed that high-risk areas were heterogeneously distributed across the district. The location of high-risk areas also changed across the pandemic phases. In this study, existing intra-urban studies were supplemented by our investigation of the course of the pandemic and the underlying processes at a small scale over a long period of time. Our findings provide new insights for public health authorities, community planners, and policymakers about the spatiotemporal development of the COVID-19 pandemic at the neighborhood level. These insights are crucial for guiding decision-makers in implementing mitigation strategies.
Titan's lakes chemical composition: sources of uncertainties and variability
Creators: name: Cordier, D.
name: Mousis, O.
name: Lunine, J. I.
name: Lebonnois, S.
name: Rannou, P.
name: Lavvas, P.
name: Lobo, L. Q.
name: Ferreira, A. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Between 2004 and 2007 the instruments of the CASSINI spacecraft discovered hydrocarbon lakes in the polar regions of Titan. We have developed a lake-atmosphere equilibrium model allowing the determination of the chemical composition of these liquid areas. The model is based on uncertain thermodynamic data and precipitation rates of organic species predicted to be present in the lakes and seas that are subject to spatial and temporal variations. Here we explore and discuss the influence of these uncertainties and variations. The errors and uncertainties relevant to thermodynamic data are simulated via Monte-Carlo simulations. Global Circulation Models (GCM) are also employed in order to investigate the possibility of chemical asymmetry between the south and the north poles, due to differences in precipitation rates. We find that mole fractions of compounds in the liquid phase have a high sensitivity to thermodynamic data used as inputs, in particular molar volumes and enthalpies of vaporization. When we combine all considered uncertainties, the ranges of obtained mole fractions are rather large (up to ~8500%) but the distributions of values are narrow. The relative standard deviations remain between 10% and ~300% depending on the compound considered. Compared to other sources of uncertainties and variability, deviation caused by surface pressure variations are clearly negligible, remaining of the order of a few percent up to ~20%. Moreover no significant difference is found between the composition of lakes located in north and south poles. Because the theory of regular solutions employed here is sensitive to thermodynamic data and is not suitable for polar molecules such as HCN and CH3CN, our work strongly underlines the need for experimental simulations and the improvement of Titan's atmospheric models.
description: Accepted in Planetary and Space Science
Property – performance relationships for cellulose nanocrystals in latex nanocomposites
Creators: name: Antoniw, Julia Madelaine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: In recent years, the scale of production and availability of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) has increased dramatically to meet the growing demand for sustainably-sourced materials. Paramount to application development is an understanding of how surface chemistry and handling conditions impact the performance of CNCs in suspension. This work defines the colloidal stability window for commercially-produced carboxylated CNCs (DextraCel™) and sulfated CNCs, and presents guidelines for conditions under which CNCs remain colloidally stable with predictable performance. Carboxylated CNCs were found to have a pKₐ of 5.1 ± 0.1 and were colloidally stable at pH 3-11, with less than 5 mM of added NaCl. These guidelines were used to design a bench-scale study to compare CNCs with different surface chemistries and storage methods in the semi-batch emulsion polymerization of poly(butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate) to produce nanocomposites for pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) applications. Carboxylated and sulfated CNCs, stored as dried powders or never-dried suspensions, were incorporated into the latex nanocomposites. Extensive characterization revealed that surface chemistry and storage method have a compounded effect on the latex and cast film properties. Never-dried carboxylated CNCs and dried sulfated CNCs imparted high latex viscosity and formed uniform PSA films with the best tack and peel strength (i.e., adhesive properties). Furthermore, surface chemistry governed CNC-CNC interactions, with dried carboxylated CNCs interacting more than dried sulfated CNCs, which promoted latex particle coalescence and correlated to a spike in PSA shear strength (i.e., cohesive properties). Understanding how CNCs with different surface chemistries can affect in situ polymerization may promote their use as “green” property modifiers and will ideally encourage a shift towards water-based polymerization methods in polymer manufacturing; expanding the range of envisioned nano-enhanced and nano-enabled products.
Additional file 1 of Integrated single-molecule real-time sequencing and RNA sequencing reveal the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance in a novel synthesized polyploid genetic bridge between maize and its wild relatives
Creators: name: Li, Xiaofeng
name: Wang, Xingyu
name: Ma, Qiangqiang
name: Zhong, Yunfeng
name: Zhang, Yibo
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Li, Yingzheng
name: He, Ruyu
name: Zhou, Yang
name: Li, Yang
name: Cheng, Mingjun
name: Yan, Xu
name: Li, Yan
name: He, Jianmei
name: Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar
name: Rong, Tingzhao
name: Tang, Qilin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Putative of transcription factors (TFs) and transcriptional regulators (TRs) by iTAK. Fig. S2. Prediction of long-non-coding RNAs (LncRNA) by CPC (Coding Potential Calculator), CNCI (Coding-Non-Coding Index) software and pfam protein structure domain database. Fig. S3. MTP Iso-Seq data mapped onto the maize reference genome (RefGen.v4). (A) 10 chromosomes of maize. (B) Transcript density of T. dactyloides in each chromosome. (C) Transcript density of Teosinte (D) Gene density of sorghum in each chromosome. (E) Transcript density of MTP in each chromosome. (F) Density of syntenic gene pairs between maize and sorghum in each chromosome. (G) Density of syntenic gene pairs between maize, sorghum, and MTP. (H) Distribution of lncRNAs in MTP. Fig. S4. Plot of expression level distribution of unigenes in each sample in FPKM intevals under gradient concentrations NaCl stress. (A) Gene expression level in leaf. (B) Gene expression level in root. Different shade of color represents different expression levels: FPKM < 0.3, 0.3–1, 1–50, > 50 represent a gene has a very low, low, high, very high expression level, respectively. Fig. S5. Cluster heat map showing the global relationships of the expressed genes in different samples and repeated experiments. Fig. S6. Count of DEGs numbers in each comparison group under salt stress. Fig. S7. Directed acyclic graph (DAG) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Molecular Function (MF) ontology in leaves. Fig. S8. KEGG pathway analysis of concentration specifically expressed genes in leaves. Fig. S9. Directed acyclic graph (DAG) for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the molecular function (MF) ontology in roots. Fig. S10. KEGG pathway of lower concentration specifically expressed genes in roots. Fig. S11. KEGG pathway analysis of higher concentration specifically expressed genes in roots. Fig. S12. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network for DEGs in leaves (A)–(G) and roots (H)–(R). The different colors indicate the magnitude of log2 (foldchange). Circles and triangles represent interacting genes and transcription factors, respectively. Fig. S13. Comparison of salt tolerance between MTP-maize Introgression line 044 (IL044) and its recurrent parent inbred line (B73). Seeds were germinated and grown under distilled water (CK) and 200 mM NaCl stress (T) for 14 days.
title: The Chatham Islands: A window into the geochemical evolution of Zealandia
Creators: name: Homrighausen, Stephan
name: Hoernle, Kaj
name: Hauff, Folkmar
name: Schenk, Johanna
name: Campbell, Hamish
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The temporal geochemical record of Zealandian alkaline intraplate volcanism reveals a significant geochemical evolution from Cretaceous HIMU (high time-integrated μ = 238U/204Pb Mantle) end member to Cenozoic HIMU-like volcanism with overall lower 207Pb/204Pb and variable 208Pb/204Pb ratios at a given 206Pb/204Pb ratio. In general, this temporal geochemical evolution has been reconstructed by piecing together volcanism taking place at many different localities covering different but limited age ranges. The Chatham Islands, covering an area of ~800km2, represent the only known locality within Zealandia where volcanic activity has taken place nearly continuously over ~85 Ma and record the geochemical evolution from HIMU end member to HIMU-like volcanism. Therefore, the Chatham Islands are a key locality for reconstructing and understanding the geochemical evolution of Zealandia. Numerous models, such as an asthenospheric heritage (e.g. mantle plume) or metasomatic overprint of the SCLM by: 1) subduction zone fluids or 2) interaction with Hikurangi Plateau, have been proposed, but the style of geochemical change (abrupt or progressive), as well as the origin of the HIMU end member and HIMU-like sources remain enigmatic, as is the unique longevity of intraplate volcanism over ~85 Ma at a single locality. Geochemical analysis (major and trace elements, radiogenic Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotope ratios and mineral composition) of alkaline lavas and enclosed mantle xenoliths from the Chatham Islands, will be used to reconstruct their spatio-temporal geochemical evolution of HIMU to HIMU-like volcanism on the Chatham Islands and associated volcanism on Zealandia over the last ~85 Ma.
Energy cascades and flux locality in physical scales of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Dascaliuc, R.
name: Grujic, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q30, 76D05, 76F02

description: Rigorous estimates for the total - (kinetic) energy plus pressure - flux in R^3 are obtained from the three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations. The bounds are used to establish a condition - involving Taylor length scale and the size of the domain - sufficient for existence of the inertial range and the energy cascade in decaying turbulence (zero driving force, non-increasing global energy). Several manifestations of the locality of the flux under this condition are obtained. All the scales involved are actual physical scales in R^3 and no regularity or homogeneity/scaling assumptions are made.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures; accepted to Comm. Math. Phys
Additional file 1 of The effect of behaviour change interventions on changes in physical activity and anthropometrics in ambulatory hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Barrett, Stephen
name: Begg, Stephen
name: O’Halloran, Paul
name: Howlett, Owen
name: Lawrence, Jack
name: Kingsley, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Geometrical scaling in hadronic collisions
Creators: name: Praszalowicz, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the p_T spectra measured in pp collisions at the LHC exhibit geometrical scaling introduced earlier in the context of deep inelastic scattering. We also argue that the onset of geometrical scaling can be seen in nucleus-nucleus collisions at lower RHIC energies.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, based on a talk presented at Cracow Epiphany Conference "On the First Year of the LHC", Krakow, January 10-12, 2011. Small corrections in v2
title: Pure brick sand from Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW) through magnetic sorting
Creators: name: Lipowsky, Annett
name: Götz, Jenny
name: Rybizki, Jan
name: Müller, Anette
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
In the processing of construction and demolition waste (CDW), the sorting of the delivered mixtures is one of the decisive process steps in order to produce pure recyclates, which can be used, for example, as a cement substitute or as a raw material component for the brick production. A previously unused method for the separation of fine brick particles as sand utilises rare-earth magnets. This method is based on differences in magnetic susceptibility, which have been confirmed by measurements on bricks and concretes. Sorting tests carried out using a roll magnetic separator with a field strength of 1,4 Tesla at a belt thickness of 0,7 mm confirmed the separability of brick-concrete-mixtures and provided insights into the most important influencing variables. In addition to manual sorting the quantification of the contents of concrete or brick in the magnetic and non-magnetic fractions was determined with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and artificial intelligence-based optical quality assurance. Thus, in addition to the proof of seperability, a first step to faster ways for quality control has been accomplished.
Star-forming Cloud Complexes in the Central Molecular Zone of NGC 253
Creators: name: Sakamoto, Kazushi
name: Mao, Rui-Qing
name: Matsushita, Satoki
name: Peck, Alison B.
name: Sawada, Tsuyoshi
name: Wiedner, Martina C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report 350 and 230 GHz observations of molecular gas and dust in the starburst nucleus of NGC 253 at 20-40 pc (1"-2") resolution. The data contain CO(3-2), HCN(4-3), CO(2-1), 13CO(2-1), C18O(2-1), and continuum at 0.87 mm and 1.3 mm toward the central kiloparsec. The CO(2-1) size of the galaxy's central molecular zone (CMZ) is measured to be about 300 pc x 100 pc at the half maximum of intensity. Five clumps of dense and warm gas stand out in the CMZ at arcsecond resolution, and they are associated with compact radio sources due to recent massive star formation. They contribute one third of the CO emission in the central 300 pc and have 12CO peak brightness temperatures around 50 K, molecular gas column densities on the order of 10^{4} Msun pc^{-2}, gas masses on the order of 10^{7} Msun in the size scale of 20 pc, volume-averaged gas densities of n(H2) ~ 4000 cm^{-3}, and high HCN-to-CO ratios suggestive of higher fractions of dense gas than in the surrounding environment. It is suggested that these are natal molecular cloud complexes of massive star formation. The CMZ of NGC 253 is also compared with that of our Galaxy in CO(2-1) at the same 20 pc resolution. Their overall gas distributions are strikingly similar. The five molecular cloud complexes appear to be akin to such molecular complexes as Sgr A, Sgr B2, Sgr C, and the l=1.3deg cloud in the Galactic center. On the other hand, the starburst CMZ in NGC 253 has higher temperatures and higher surface (and presumably volume) densities than its non-starburst cousin.
description: ApJ in press, 18 pages
Numerical Continuation of Bound and Resonant States of the Two Channel Schrödinger Equation
Creators: name: Kłosiewicz, Przemysław
name: Vanroose, Wim
name: Broeckhove, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Resonant solutions of the quantum Schrödinger equation occur at complex energies where the S-matrix becomes singular. Knowledge of such resonances is important in the study of the underlying physical system. Often the Schrödinger equation is dependent on some parameter and one is interested in following the path of the resonances in the complex energy plane as the parameter changes. This is particularly true in coupled channel systems where the resonant behavior is highly dependent on the strength of the channel coupling, the energy separation of the channels and other factors. In previous work it was shown that numerical continuation, a technique familiar in the study of dynamical systems, can be brought to bear on the problem of following the resonance path in one dimensional problems and multi-channel problems without energy separation between the channels. A regularization can be defined that eliminates coalescing poles and zeros that appear in the S-matrix at the origin due to symmetries. Following the zeros of this regularized function then traces the resonance path. In this work we show that this approach can be extended to channels with energy separation, albeit limited to two channels. The issue here is that the energy separation introduces branch cuts in the complex energy domain that need to be eliminated with a so-called uniformization. We demonstrate that the resulting approach is suitable for investigating resonances in two-channel systems and provide an extensive example.
title: Great Blue Hole: a sedimentological archive of tropical cyclone frequency covering the Holocene at annual resolution
Creators: name: Schmitt, Dominik
name: Gischler, Eberhard
name: Melles, Martin
name: Behling, Hermann
name: Shumilovskikh, Lyudmila
name: Anselmetti, Flavio S.
name: Vogel, Hendrik
name: Peckmann, Jörn
name: Birgel, Daniel
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
Sedimentary archives from marine sinkholes enable long-term reconstructions of past storm activity. In the last years, numerous cyclone-frequency reconstructions have been obtained from sediment cores collected in blue holes located in the circum-Caribbean region. Such structures work as sediment traps for allochthonous particles, mobilized through storm waves and surges from adjacent areas by passing cyclones. The 320 m wide and 125 m deep Great Blue Hole (Lighthouse Reef, Belize) is an outstanding cyclone-frequency archive worth exploring due to anoxic bottom-water conditions and the opportunity to recover annual deposits spanning the Holocene interglacial and even parts of the late Pleistocene. In June 2022, a 30-m-long sediment core (BH8) was extracted from the sinkhole and dated to 12.5 ka BP at its base. Sedimentological and palynological analyses point to an initial cenote-like setting that experienced a rising marine influence starting around 7.2 ka BP, which led to brackish and restricted marine conditions until 5.7 ka BP. Afterwards, full marine conditions have persisted in the Great Blue Hole to present day. Our sediment-core analysis resulted in a 12000-years-long paleoenvironmental reconstruction at annual resolution. Several warm climate periods of this timeline represent past equivalents for the current situation of rising ocean temperatures. In the SW Caribbean, cyclone frequency changed from a rather variable and less active stage (12.5-3.5 ka BP) to a more stable and active state (3,5-0 ka BP). This bipartite pattern is surprisingly best explained by latitudinal changes of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) from a northern towards a southern location.
Evidence for the J^p=1/2^+ narrow state at 1650 MeV in the photoproduction of KLambda
Creators: name: Mart, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the existence of the J^p=1/2^+ narrow resonance predicted by the chiral soliton model by utilizing the kaon photoproduction process gamma + p --> K^+ + Lambda. For this purpose we have constructed two phenomenological models based on our previous effective Lagrangian model, which are able to describe kaon photoproduction from threshold up to W = 1730 MeV. By varying the mass (width) of an inserted P_{11} resonance from 1620 to 1730 MeV (0.1 to 1 MeV and 1 to 10 MeV) a number of fits has been performed in order to search for the resonance mass. Our result indicates that the most promising candidate mass (width) of this resonance is 1650 MeV (5 MeV). Although our calculation does not exclude the possibility of narrow resonances with masses of 1680, 1700 and 1720 MeV, the mass of 1650 MeV is obtained for all phenomenological models used in this investigation. Variations of the resonance width and $KΛ$ branching ratio are found to have a mild effect on the chi^2. The possibility that the obtained result originates from other resonance states is also discussed.
description: 27 pages, 19 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
title: Supervisor and searcher co-operation algorithms for stochastic optimisation with application to neural network training
Creators: name: Sirlantzis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2023

description: In this thesis we studied a novel class of algorithms for unconstrained optimisation with particular focus to the issues arising in noisy optimisation. These algorithms were developed using an innovative framework for design of efficient and robust algorithms, namely the Supervisor and Searcher Co-operation (SSC) framework. This framework provides a systematic way to incorporate desirable characteristics of existing algorithms into a new improved scheme. The aim was to explore the properties of the SSC-based algorithms focusing on their behaviour in practice under the presence of stochastic noises. To this end, first, a basic algorithm was proposed along with a number of modifications and extensions to it. Then, their properties were evaluated in a systematic way through a variety of experiments involving a wide range of non-trivial deterministic and stochastic problems. Our findings suggest that the SSC algorithms are demonstrably efficient in the deterministic case, but, mainly, that they are robust enough to successfully address the difficulties arising in the presence of stochastic noises. Also, they can easily be modified to meet specific application requirements, while the resulting algorithms retain the desirable properties of the original algorithm. Finally, to assess the applicability of the SSC algorithms in real world problems an adaptation to the basic SSC algorithm was proposed for use in Multilayer Neural Network training. The corresponding evaluations were performed through statistical experiments on a number of regression and classification problems, designed to cover the complex issues associated with neural networks learning, such as overtraining, and mainly generalisation ability. The SSC-based algorithm exhibited significantly better performance than the two algorithms used as benchmarks for comparisons. Specifically, it was demonstrably faster with respect to reduction of the error in the training set, but more importantly, it showed increased ability to avoid overtraining and hence to generalise (perform successfully in unknown samples), which is the ultimate goal of learning in neural networks.
Additional file 3 of The effect of behaviour change interventions on changes in physical activity and anthropometrics in ambulatory hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Barrett, Stephen
name: Begg, Stephen
name: O’Halloran, Paul
name: Howlett, Owen
name: Lawrence, Jack
name: Kingsley, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.
title: A new model of the base of Quaternary deposits in Northwest Germany
Creators: name: Bruns, Ines
name: Kerstin, Fischer
name: Janine, Meinsen
name: Cornelia, Wangenheim
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The high-energy processes during the Elsterian glacial stage have formed a diverse relief of the base Quaternary with buried tunnel valleys, which are cut between a few tens of meters up to 400 m into the Tertiary bedrock sediments (Kuster & Meyer 1979). The Quaternary deposits host large groundwater reservoirs and are an important source for mining sand and gravel. The buried tunnel valleys also help to predict the erosion depth of future glaciations in the context of finding a site for a repository for radioactive waste in Germany. Therefore, it is crucial to provide a comprehensive geological model of the base Quaternary in order to support planning strategies in sustainable resource extraction and land use.

Kuster & Meyer (1995) published a contour map of the base Quaternary in Lower Saxony. Since then a vast number of new datasets were obtained. We started modelling a 3D surface based on these new datasets and the original contour map by Kuster & Meyer (1995) using SKUA-GOCAD™ (AspenTech). Here, we are presenting the first completed sub-region of this model, pointing out both the major advances that we achieved by integrating new borehole and seismic data (2D/3D) as well as the challenges of data harmonization. We were able to identify tunnel valleys that were unknown before and to revise the geometry and depth of known subglacial channels. The depth of the base Quaternary was adjusted by up to 150 m in certain areas.
Additional file 4 of The effect of behaviour change interventions on changes in physical activity and anthropometrics in ambulatory hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Barrett, Stephen
name: Begg, Stephen
name: O’Halloran, Paul
name: Howlett, Owen
name: Lawrence, Jack
name: Kingsley, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4.
The Vliegenthart-Lekkerkerker relation. The case of the $Mie$-fluids
Creators: name: Kulinskii, Vladimir L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Vliegenthart-Lekkerkerker relation for the second virial coefficient value at the critical temperature found in [G. A. Vliegenthart and H. N. W. Lekkerkerker, J. Chem. Phys. \textbf{112} 5364 (2000)] is discussed in connection with the scale invariant mean-field approach proposed in [V. L. Kulinskii and L. A. Bulavin, J. Chem. Phys. \textbf{133} 134101 (2010)]. We study the case of the Mie-class potentials which is widely used in simulations of the phase equilibrium of the fluids. It is shown that due to the homogeneity property of the $Mie$-class potentials it is possible to connect the loci of the fluids with these model potentials in different dimensions.
title: Stratigraphy und evolutionary patterns in middle jurassic ammonites
Creators: name: Mönnig, Eckhard
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The biostratigraphy of the Jurassic system has made many advances in recent years. We can distinguish over 50 successive faunal horizons in the Callovian, which corresponds to a resolution of perhaps 75,000 to 100,000 years. The distribution of the ammonite genus Kepplerites in space and time has been extensively studied. This example illustrates the importance of a precise stratigraphy for paleontological and sequence-stratigraphic questions.

The beginnings of the ammonite genus Kepplerites can be traced back to the Subboreal sea of NW Canada in the late Bathonian (Middle Jurassic). Thereafter the evolution can be followed over Greenland, the Russian platform over the Caucasus to Central Europe, up to its abrupt extinction at the beginning of the Callovian. Only a small population survived, probably in what is now the Caucasus. From here, a few specimens reached Central Europe and the Russian platform, where new species emerged (genetic drift). At the beginning of the Koenigi Zone, a species migrated from Russia via the Caucasus to Central Europe, where they mixed again. From this, separate lines developed in England and Central Europe (gradualism), the seas of Greenland were also settled again. At the end of the Koenigi Zone, Russian species immigrated again and replaced the weakened populations in Central Europe and England. By the end of the Early Callovian, all sea straits were open and a unified Subboreal faunal province of NW Europe, Greenland and the Russian Platform was established. This scenario was controlled by sea level rises and falls and short-term climatic changes.
Photodegradation of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) using vacuum-UV (VUV) radiation
Creators: name: Banayan Esfahani, Ehsan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2024

description: Manufacturing, applications, and disposal of fluorochemicals since the late 1940s have led to global pollution by a class of >9000 chemicals namely per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), known as forever chemicals. This work focuses on the degradability of different well-known PFAS, role of active species, and transformation mechanisms in photochemical processes, in particular those involving vacuum-UV (VUV) irradiation. Photochemical experiments are conducted with UV and UV/VUV bench-scale collimated beam reactors, facilitating fluence measurement. This work is the first to determine fluence-based decomposition of PFAS and provides insights on the true impact of introducing 185 nm which accelerates evolution of intermediates and boost fluorine recovery. PFOS and its common alternatives (PFHxS, PFBS, and 6:2 FTSA) along with PFOA and its substituents (PFBA and GenX) are selected to represent the vast range of characteristics exhibited by the most common and environmentally relevant PFAS. Substantial differences are observed in degradability and transformation mechanisms of difference PFAS based on their chain length, head-group, and presence of chemical bonds like C-H and C-O bonds. The efficacy and mechanism of different reductive (eaqˉ -based) and oxidative (˙OH and SO₄˙ˉ -based) processes are compared. Cleavage of C-F bond, functional group detachment followed by chain shortening, and center C-C or C-O bond scissions are proposed reductive pathways of PFAS decomposition upon reaction with eaqˉ. On the other hand, hydrogen abstraction and one electron transfer are involved in the attack of ˙OH and SO₄˙ˉ , respectively. Faster transformation of intermediates and in turn a greater extent of defluorination are observed in photo-reductive environments. In addition, impacts of key operational parameters (e.g., mediator type and concentration, solution pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen), photon wavelength and intensity, PFAS characteristics (e.g., structure and initial concentration), and co-presence of common water solutes (e.g., organic and inorganic matters) are investigated. Further, insights on the application of VUV processes in treatment of real water samples and its integration with physical separation processes are provided. Lastly, but not least, a kinetic modeling is proposed to determine valuable optical parameters (e.g., quantum yields, intrinsic rate constants, and radicals concentrations) during PFAS photodegradation.
Additional file 2 of The effect of behaviour change interventions on changes in physical activity and anthropometrics in ambulatory hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Barrett, Stephen
name: Begg, Stephen
name: O’Halloran, Paul
name: Howlett, Owen
name: Lawrence, Jack
name: Kingsley, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
title: Fennoscandian Deep biosphere – similarities, differences and functions
Creators: name: Bomberg, Malin
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2023

description:
The continental subsurface contains approximately 12 – 20% of Earth’s biomass. In deep rock environments this biomass dwells in aqueous spaces, fractures and pores of the rock, either attached in biofilms or free-living in the fluids. Meta-analyses have suggested a core deep biosphere microbiome from pre-collected data but face issues such as difference in sampling procedures, DNA extraction methods, negative control protocols, sequencing primers etc., which may introduce false variation. Addressing this issue and striving for consistent methodology, 7 sites of the Finnish Fennoscandian Shield was studied between 2009 – 2021 ranging in depth from 100 to 2300 m. Some of the sites have deep groundwater with more than 50 Ma residence times, whereas in other places the groundwater is considerably younger. All microbiomes contained bacteria, archaea and fungi, and the microbial community composition differed greatly between sites indicating that rock type and hydrogeochemistry play a great role in moulding the communities. Chemoheterotrophy was the universally dominant predicted metabolic strategy. The bacterial numbers in the groundwater were between < 1 to more than 5 x 106 16S rRNA gene copies mL-1 but did not necessarily reflect sampling depth, but rather the concentration of DOC and DIC. In addition, dormant microbial communities activated within hours after introduction of CO2 or methane. Finally, groundwater monitored at one site for 10 years showed that the microbial communities did dot remain static but varied in size (up to 100-fold) and composition over time in a cyclic manner, interchanging between mainly two distinct community compositions.
Schedule for evaluation
Creators: name: Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai
name: Ganapathi, sanjay
name: Salim, Reethu
name: Jeemon, Panniyammakal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Background: Heart failure (HF) is a multi-morbid chronic condition, which adversely affects the quality of life of the affected individual. Engaging the patient and their caregivers in self-care is known to reduce mortality, rehospitalisation and improve quality of life among HF patients. The PACT-HF trial will answer whether clinical benefits in terms of mortality and hospitalisation outcomes can be demonstrated in HF patients by using a pragmatic design to explore the specific effects of physical activity, and behavioural therapy in HF patients in India. Methods: This is a 120, 2 × 2 factorial, randomized, open-label trial, which aims to see if rehabilitation strategies of structured physical activity training and behavioural therapy for depression and self-management reduce the risk of repeat hospitalisation and deaths in HF patients in India. Patients will be randomised to (1) physical activity +usual care (2) behaviour therapy + usual care, (3) physical activity + behaviour therapy+ usual care, and (4) usual care at 1:1:1:1 ratio. Time to mortality will be the primary outcome. Cumulative hospital admission rate will be considered as the main secondary outcome. Additional secondary outcome variables will include days alive and out of hospital, quality of life, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire score, depression score, six minutes walking distance, handgrip strength, and adherence to medicines and lifestyle. Discussion: PACT-HF is designed to provide reliable evidence about the balance of benefits and risks conferred by physical activity based and behavioural therapy based cardiac rehabilitation in heart failure patients, irrespective of their initial disease severity. The study will provide unbiased evidence on the effectiveness of different components of the structured cardiac rehabilitation programme in reducing mortality and improving quality of life.
Landau Level Quantization on the Sphere
Creators: name: Greiter, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well established that the Hilbert space for charged particles in a plane subject to a uniform magnetic field can be described by two mutually commuting ladder algebras. We propose a similar formalism for Landau level quantization involving two mutually commuting SU(2) algebras.
description: 6 pages
Localization of a matter wave packet in a disordered potential
Creators: name: Piraud, Marie
name: Lugan, Pierre
name: Bouyer, Philippe
name: Aspect, Alain
name: Sanchez-Palencia, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the Anderson localization of a matter wave packet in a one-dimensional disordered potential. We develop an analytical model which includes the initial phase-space density of the matter wave and the spectral broadening induced by the disorder. Our approach predicts a behavior of the localized density profile significantly more complex than a simple exponential decay. These results are confirmed by large-scale and long-time numerical calculations. They shed new light on recent experiments with ultracold atoms and may impact their analysis.
Dispersive wave runup on non-uniform shores
Creators: name: Dutykh, Denys
name: Katsaounis, Theodoros
name: Mitsotakis, Dimitrios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Historically the finite volume methods have been developed for the numerical integration of conservation laws. In this study we present some recent results on the application of such schemes to dispersive PDEs. Namely, we solve numerically a representative of Boussinesq type equations in view of important applications to the coastal hydrodynamics. Numerical results of the runup of a moderate wave onto a non-uniform beach are presented along with great lines of the employed numerical method (see D. Dutykh et al. (2011) for more details).
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 18 references. This preprint is submitted to FVCA6 conference proceedings. Other author papers can be downloaded at http://www.lama.univ-savoie.fr/~dutykh/