Leptohyphes nebulosus Nascimento, Molineri & Salles, 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Nascimento, Jeane M. C.
name: Molineri, Carlos
name: Salles, Frederico F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Leptohyphidae
Leptohyphes
Leptohyphes nebulosus

description: Leptohyphes nebulosus sp. nov.
(Figs. 10–13 and 14)
Material examined. HOLOTYPE, male mature nymph, BRAZIL, Espírito Santo, Alegre, Parque Estadual da Cachoeira da Fumaça, Rio Grande, trilha do remanso, 26/v/2011, S 20˚ 37´52´´ / W 41 ˚ 36´13´´, 447 m, Barcelos P, Angeli K, Del Carro K cols. (INPA). PARATYPES, 6 male nymphs (4 mature and 2 immature) and 1 female immature nymph, same data as holotype (3 at IBN, 2 at CZNC, 2 at INPA).
Nymph. Length of male (mature): body, 4.3 mm; hind femur, 1.6 mm; caudal filaments, 3.2–3.4 mm. Length of female (immature): body, 4.5 mm; hind femur, 1.2 mm; caudal filaments, 4.0 mm. General coloration brownish, almost completely shaded with black (Figs. 10, 11). Head (Figs. 11 A, B) with two pairs of blunt tubercles, one submedian (smaller) and one sublateral. Frons slightly convex, dorsally elevated. Gena (Figs. 11 A, B) strongly projected. Clypeus with fore margin with a row of whitish setae. Mouth parts (Fig. 12). Labrum (Fig. 12 A): with an anteromedial marked indentation on fore margin. Hypopharynx (Fig. 12 D): lingua anteriorly bare. Maxilla (Fig. 12 B): three-segmented maxillary palp with setae at joints, suture on galea and lacinea complete. Mandibles (Figs. 12 E, F): left mandibles with fused and strong incisives (Fig. 12 E), both mandibles with a dense row of setae on dorsolateral surface, prostheca present in both mandibles but small. Labium (Fig. 12 C): submentum with pointed and projected anterolateral corner; glossae shorter than paraglossae, labial palp with basal segment three times the length of segment two, apical segment subequal in length to segment two. Thorax. Pronotum subrectangular with one pair of sublateral short and pointed tubercle. Mesonotum with one pair of very small tubercles at apex of wing pads (in two nymphs one additional medial pair of minute, barely discernible tubercles is present). Mesonotum with small blunt anterolateral projection. Hind wing pad present in both sexes. Thoracic sterna paler than terga. Legs: brownish yellow, shaded with gray on coxae, trocanther (except for two pale dots on dorsum) and femora, basal 2/3 of tarsi brownish. Fore leg (Fig. 13 A): femur ratio length/maximum width 1.6; transversal row of stout spines at 1/3 from base, with 15 stout spines, interrupted twice; fore margin bare, hind margin with 5–6 stout spines (on elevated sockets) distally to transversal row; medial and dorsal projection on apex of femur small. Tibia subequal in length to femur with few, scattered blunt spines on apex of inner margin; dorsum with elevated ridge. Tarsus half the length of tibia with row of setae in inner margin; tarsal claw apically curved with 5 marginal denticles and one subapical submarginal denticle (Fig. 13 D). Middle and hind legs (Figs. 13 B, C): middle coxa with dorsal pointed projection (as in L. cornutus published in Molineri (2003)), hind coxa with semicircular small projection. Femur ratio length/maximum width 1.9; dorsally with row of 4–5 short blunt spines at base, fore margin bare, hind margin with 9–11 stout spines on very elevated sockets, sockets increasing in size distally, dorsal surface with 0–1 stout spines on basal 1/3; dorsomedial projection on apex of femur more pronounced than on fore leg. Tibia subequal in length to femur, with dorsal ridge, inner margin with 3 minute stout spines; hind margin bare. Tarsus 0.4 the length of femur, inner margin with setae, tarsal claw as in fore leg. Abdomen with few strong spines on dorsum; with paired tubercles on segments VI–IX. Lateral margins of segments III–VII expanded forming flanges; posterior spines on segments VI–IX, slightly marked on segment V. Abdominal sternum IX with distal Vshaped indentation (female). Gills: operculate gill on segment II dark brownish, apically paler, ventrally with strong and curved basal spine and two lamellae; other gills whitish almost completely shaded with gray, except for brownish ridge. Gill formula 3/9/9/9/6. Caudal filaments completely covered with pointed scattered setae, and with a whorl of strong spines at the segment joint after every fourth segment.
Adults. Unknown.
Diagnosis (Table 1).: i) two paired tubercles on head (Fig. 11), one pair on pronotum, and one pair on mesonotum, abdominal terga VI–VII with paired submedian tubercles protruding from hind margin (Fig. 10); ii) fore femur length/maximum width, 1.6 (Fig. 13 A); iii) fore margin of middle and hind femora without spines, hind margin with 9–11 stout spines on very elevated sockets, sockets increasing in size distally (Figs. 13 B, C); iv) tarsal claws denticulation 5+1 (Fig. 13 D); v) middle coxa with acute projection on dorsum (Fig. 13 B), hind coxa with semicircular small projection; vi) hind wing pads present in females; vii) gill formula 3/9/9/9/6, gill V without ventral extension on dorsal lamella.
Etymology. From nebulosus, smoke. An allusion to the Parque Estadual da Cachoeira da Fumaça (Smoke Waterfall State Park), type-locality of the new species.
Distribution. Brazil (Espírito Santo).
Discussion. L. nebulosus is unique in the family Leptohyphidae by the presence of paired tubercles on the abdomen, a characteristic frequently associated with the family Ephemerellidae (outside the Neotropics) or Melanemerellidae (a monotypic ephemerellid-like Brazilian group). Besides the combination of characters given in the diagnosis, it can be readily discernible from other similar species (all of them treated here) by the mentioned abdominal character and by the presence of a single pair of tubercles on the pronotum (in the others each tubercle appears as bifurcated apically, or a small to large second tubercle arise near the base of the larger one) (Table 1).
description: Published as part of Nascimento, Jeane M. C., Molineri, Carlos & Salles, Frederico F., 2014, Redescription of Leptohyphes cornutus Allen, 1967 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) and description of three related new species, pp. 397-415 in Zootaxa 3893 (3) on pages 408-410, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3893.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/250141