cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
L'échec du dissensus est essentiel pour que l'écologie scientifique influence les politiques de développement
Creators: name: Soubelet, Hélène
Publisher: name: Fondation pour la recherche sur la biodiversité
Year: 2023

description: Les débats scientifiques, les controverses et même les conflits sont nécessaires à la démarche scientifique et à l’acquisition de connaissances. Cependant, le verrouillage des débats peut non seulement bloquer le progrès scientifique mais il peut également réduire de manière significative l’utilité de la science pour la prise de décision.

La falsification des hypothèses et le changement de paradigmes sont deux des nombreux modèles qui expliquent la manière dont les théories, les expériences et les observations façonnent la compréhension. Cependant, l’écologie a également une histoire de débats verrouillés, dans lesquels les positions se figent et la progression vers un consensus consolidé est entravé, voire empêché, par l’absence de discours efficace et synthétique.

Les conséquences néfastes du verrouillage des débats en écologie et, plus largement, des sciences de l’environnement dépassent le cadre universitaire car les dissensus ont un impact sur la prise en compte de la connaissance scientifique dans l’élaboration des politiques environnementales qui font intervenir de multiples disciplines et parties prenantes. Pourtant, l’essor récent des plateformes scientifiques et politique d’évaluations et de synthèse, telles que le Giec et l’Ipbes, devraient améliorer le transfert des résultats scientifiques vers les décideurs, l’élaboration d’avis et faciliter leur transformation en réglementations, en objectifs et actions de gestion. Lorsque des désaccords scientifiques atteignent l’arène sociétale, ils peuvent nuire à la fois à la crédibilité scientifique et à la diffusion de la connaissance. Lewandowsky et al. (2021) a ainsi démontré que l’acceptation de la science comme moteur de la politique – et l’acceptation des politiques elles-mêmes – augmentent si les déclarations scientifiques sont consensuelles.

L’objet de cette publication est d’examiner les débats non consensuels en écologie, d’identifier pourquoi ils se produisent et de trouver des mécanismes pour en sortir.
The Paleomagnetism of Red Beds and Basalts of the Hettangian Extrusive Zone, Newark Basin, New Jersey
Creators: name: Witte, William K.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: A high unblocking temperature component of magnetization residing in hematite was isolated in 11 outcrop sites and 4 boreholes from Hettangian sedimentary rocks interbedded with the igneous extrusives of the Newark basin. This normal polarity characteristic magnetization has a mean direction (declination = 6.3°, inclination = 12.9° after tilt correction) which is significantly shallower (by about 15°) than reported magnetization directions from the coeval basalts. Based on our demagnetization analysis of representative basalt samples, we attribute the difference between the sedimentary and basaltic directions to contamination of some of the basalt magnetizations by a steeper overprint. An intermediate unblocking temperature magnetization recovered from the extrusive zone sedimentary rocks, consistent with evidence elsewhere in the Newark basin for a pervasive hydrothermal and remagnetization event at about 175 Ma, is a likely cause of the basalt contamination. The characteristic magnetization from the Hettangian sedimentary rocks yields a paleopole (55.5°N, 94.6°E, dp = 5.2°, dm = 5.4°) which lies on the westbound, precusp portion of current paleomagnetic Euler pole apparent polar wander (APW) paths, in contrast with the Newark (and Hartford) basin basalt reference pole positions (such as the "Newark trend" N1 pole) which lie on the eastbound, postcusp portion of the APW path. A precusp pole position is more compatible with the relative age of the Hettangian extrusive zone pole with respect to the Sinemurian/Pliensbachian poles which define the cusp but implies large changes in the rate of APW in the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic.
A review of the stochastic background of gravitational waves in f(R) gravity with WMAP constrains
Creators: name: Corda, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is a review of previous works on the stochastic background of gravitational waves (SBGWs) which has been discussed in various peer-reviewed journals and international conferences. The SBGWs is analyzed with the aid of the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) data. We emphasize that, in general, in previous works in the literature about the SBGWs, old Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) data were used. After this, we want to face the problem of how the SBGWs and f(R) gravity (where f(R) is a function of the Ricci scalar R) can be related, showing, vice versa, that a revealed SBGWs could be a powerful probe for a given theory of gravity. In this way, it will also be shown that the conform treatment of SBGWs can be used to parametrize in a natural way f(R) theories. Some interesting examples which have been recently discussed in the literature will be also analysed. The presence and the potential detection of the SBGWs is quite important in the framework of the debate on high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) too. Recently, the importance of HFGWs has been emphasized in some papers in the literature.
description: Review commissioned by The Open Astronomy Journal, final version accepted for publication
Site 503: Eastern Equatorial Pacific
Creators: name: Prell, Warren L.
name: Gardner, James V.
name: Adelseck, Charles
name: Blechschmidt, Gretchen
name: Fleet, Andrew
name: Keigwin, Lloyd
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Ledbetter, Michael T.
name: Mann, Ulrich
name: Mayer, Larry A.
name: Riedel, William R.
name: Sancetta, Constance
name: Spariosu, Dann J.
name: Zimmerman, Herman B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geology, Stratigraphic

description: Our primary objective at Site 503 (Fig. 1) was to re- cover a complete, undisturbed Neogene and Quaternary section in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Site 503 is located near Site 83 in an area that contains an almost continuous pelagic record of the past 10 m.y. (Hays et al., 1972). Unfortunately, Site 83 was only spot-cored, and the recovered sediment is so badly disturbed by rotary drilling that most of the detailed record is lost. The section has an average sedimentation rate of 2.0 to 2.5 cm/k.y. with good-to-moderate preservation of all the major microfossil groups. We returned to Site 83 to core the same section, using the Hydraulic Piston Corer (HPC) to obtain an undisturbed, continuous section for high-resolution stratigraphic studies.
Information transmission in open and closed political systems : Great Britain and Germany in 1914
Creators: name: Goodall, Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This paper is an attempt to research a hypothesis concerning the policy formation processes of an open and of a closed political system. The paper opens with a discussion of the theoretical roots of the project. Particular attention has been paid to J.N. Rosenau's pre-theory of comparative foreign policy, and works by authors such as R.B. Farrell, Raymond Aron, and Alexis de Tocqueville on the differences between open and closed political systems. The hypothesis we tested was derived from the writings of R.B. Farrell. It reads: In a closed polity bureaucrats are less likely to provide information contradicting the leadership's known positions than in an open polity. In the second chapter the method of study, the case study, is introduced and discussed. Great Britain and Germany just prior to the First World War were chosen as examples of an open and a closed system. Their suitability as cases for this research project is critically analysed. Data on size, wealth, and political accountability are presented. In the third chapter four leaders are identified and their policy preferences outlined. The four are Edward Grey in Great Britain, Emperor William II, Chancellor von Bethmann- Hollweg, and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs von Jagow in Germany. The fourth chapter discusses the kinds of messages which were being sent to these various leaders. We expected that in the case of Germany the content of these messages would be less contradictory of the positions of the above-mentioned German leaders than in the case of Britain and Sir Edward Grey. The conclusion of the study is that in the particular eases of pre-War Britain and Germany the hypothesis is not supported. In the final chapter explanations of why this might be so are suggested, two new hypotheses are formulated, and the findings are related briefly to the theory from which the paper originated.
Air and shipborne magnetic surveys of the Antarctic into the 21st century
Creators: name: Golynsky, Alexander V.
name: Bell, Robin E.
name: Blankenship, Donald D.
name: Damaske, Detlef
name: Ferraccioli, Fausto
name: Finn, Carol A.
name: Golynsky, D. A.
name: Ivanov, Sergey V.
name: Jokat, Wilfried
name: Masolov, Valery N.
name: Riedel, Sven
name: Frese, Ralph R. B. Von
name: Young, Duncan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Antarctic geomagnetics' community remains very active in crustal anomaly mapping. More than 1.5 million line-km of new air- and shipborne data have been acquired over the past decade by the international community in Antarctica. These new data together with surveys that previously were not in the public domain significantly upgrade the ADMAP compilation. Aeromagnetic flights over East Antarctica have been concentrated in the Transantarctic Mountains, the Prince Charles Mountains – Lambert Glacier area, and western Dronning Maud Land (DML) — Coats Land. Additionally, surveys were conducted over Lake Vostok and the western part of Marie Byrd Land by the US Support Office for Aerogeophysical Research projects and over the Amundsen Sea Embayment during the austral summer of 2004/2005 by a collaborative US/UK aerogeophysical campaign. New aeromagnetic data over the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains (120,000 line-km), acquired within the IPY Antarctica's Gamburtsev Province project reveal fundamental geologic features beneath the East Antarctic Ice sheet critical to understanding Precambrian continental growth processes. Roughly 100,000 line-km of magnetic data obtained within the International Collaboration for Exploration of the Cryosphere through Aerogeophysical Profiling promises to shed light on subglacial lithology and identify crustal boundaries for the central Antarctic Plate. Since the 1996/97 season, the Alfred Wegener Institute has collected 90,000 km of aeromagnetic data along a 1200 km long segment of the East Antarctic coast over western DML. Recent cruises by Australian, German, Japanese, Russian, British, and American researchers have contributed to long-standing studies of the Antarctic continental margin. Along the continental margin of East Antarctica west of Maud Rise to the George V Coast of Victoria Land, the Russian Polar Marine Geological Research Expedition and Geoscience Australia obtained 80,000 and 20,000 line-km, respectively, of integrated seismic, gravity and magnetic data. Additionally, US expeditions collected 128,000 line-km of shipborne magnetic data in the Ross Sea sector.
Experiences of caregivers who support a patient who elects voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED) to hasten death
Creators: name: Lowers, Jane
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2020

description: Background Voluntarily stopping eating and drinking (VSED) is an ongoing choice to forego food and hydration to hasten death. VSED does not require clinician involvement, but caregiving is necessary as patients become weak and lose concentration as a result of dehydration. This study is the first to explore the experiences of VSED caregivers. Aim The aim of this thesis is to explore the experiences of informal caregivers (family or friends) who supported a patient through VSED, with supporting objectives to evaluate VSED caregiving against theoretical models of end-of-life caregiving and to compare VSED caregivers’ experiences with caregivers who have aided patients at the end of life, including other forms of hastened death. Methods The study included interviews with 24 caregivers of 20 individuals who attempted VSED. Inductive and deductive thematic analysis were used to analyse the experiences of VSED caregivers. These experiences are compared with results of two systematic reviews of studies on end-of-life and hastened death caregiving. Findings Caregivers believe that VSED is the best death available to the patient. Caregivers act as advocates and worry that the patient’s goals will be challenged by healthcare or legal authorities. Obtaining support from hospice helps legitimise VSED. Through the VSED process, caregivers carry the responsibility for the patient’s success as the patient becomes weaker. Finally, caregivers note that there is no social script to guide someone aiding a person who is slowly, deliberately trying to die: caregivers choose what roles to play, such as focusing on physical care or being emotionally present as the patient’s spouse or child. Conclusion Caregivers take responsibility for VSED patients’ success. Caregivers’ interaction with clinicians, community, and legal structures exceeds the scope of available caregiving theories. A socio-ecological model and the theory of bio-power can help illustrate how each layer of society affects VSED caregivers’ experience.
On the Prediction of the El Niño of 1986-1987
Creators: name: Barnett, Tim P.
name: Graham, Nicholas E.
name: Cane, Mark A.
name: Zebiak, Stephen E.
name: Dolan, Sean C.
name: O'Brien, James
name: Legler, David M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: Three different classes of numerical models successfully predicted the occurrence of the El Niño of 1986-87 at lead times of 3 to 9 months. Although the magnitude and timing of predicted ocean surface temperatures were not perfect, these results suggest that routine prediction of moderate to large El Niño events is feasible. The key to the success of the models lies in recognizing or simulating the low-frequency, large-scale changes in the tropical ocean-atmosphere system that give rise to El Niño events.
title: 112 - Chocolatier de la fabrique des chocolats au lait F-L Cailler, à Broc (canton de Fribourg, Suisse)
Creators: name: Généro, Jean-Damien
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2025

description: Images et édition numérique (XML, LaTeX, PDF) de *Chocolatier de la fabrique des chocolats au lait F-L. Caller, à Broc (canton de Fribourg, Suisse), ouvrier journalier dans le système des engagements volontaires permanents d'après les renseignenents recueillis sur les lieux en 1905, 1909 et 1912, par M. Émile Savoye, docteur en droit et en sciences politiques et sociales, ancien préfet du district de la Gruyère, conseiller d'État*, série 3, vol. 3, fasc. 21 (1913), monographie n°112, 1913, p. 293-348.
description: Source: https://ouvriersdeuxmondes.huma-num.fr/monographie/chocolatier-fabrique-chocolats-lait-f-l-cailler-112
Modeling Sea Level During El Niño
Creators: name: Cane, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Atmosphere
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: We test the hypothesis that sea level variations associated with EL Niño events are a response to wind changes in the central Pacific and that the signal is transmitted to the coast of South America by packets of equatorial Kelvin waves. A linear model is forced by wind stress anomalies composited from six EL Niños occurring between 1951 and 1972 (Rasmusson and Carpenter). Model sea level is compared with similar composites of tidegage measurements from selected equatorial Pacific stations. Although several vertical modes are included in the calculation, only the two gravest baroclinic modes make significant contributions to the sea level signal. Model results duplicate the pattern and timing of the observed sea level anomalies but amplitudes are systematically low. This is especially true at central and western Pacific stations, and it is suggested that the poor quality of the forcing data may be at fault there. Results at the east provide better support for the theory: in particular, the twin-peaked signal characteristic of El Niño sea-level anomalies is reproduced. The second peak is shown to be a response to the massive collapse of the trades occurring in the middle of the El Niño year and its amplitude is correctly hindcast by the model. The first peak is a response to the weaker wind changes occurring in the boreal fall preceding El Niño; its calculated amplitude is too small. The implication of this discrepancy is that the linear Kelvin wave theory will have to be modified if it is to account for the initial El Niño warning.
The infrared structure of e+ e- --> 3 jets at NNLO reloaded
Creators: name: Weinzierl, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper gives detailed information on the structure of the infrared singularities for the process e+ e- --> 3 jets at next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbation theory. Particular emphasis is put on singularities associated to soft gluons. The knowledge of the singularity structure allows the construction of appropriate subtraction terms, which in turn can be implemented into a numerical Monte Carlo program.
description: 59 pages, additional comments added, version to be published
Supporting Collaborative Exploratory Visual Data Analysis in Multi-device Environments
Creators: name: Alsaiari, Abeer
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: There is a steadily growing interest in leveraging ecosystems of digital devices that go beyond a single desktop for collaborative visual data analysis and exploration. This new thrust of multi-device interfaces supports new models for complex collaboration scenarios, and have great potential to support analysts in their data analysis by utilizing each device’s capabilities. However, there are some challenges inherently associated with visual data analysis in multi- device environments (MDE). This dissertation investigates how the analytical process occurs in multi-user multi-device environments to provide a theoretical understanding of collaborative exploratory visual data analysis and better inform the design of visualization tools. First, I touched on the challenges of designing cross-device visualization tools by introducing the design and implementation of a multi-device system for collaborative visual data analysis that enables cross-device visualization sharing and simultaneous interaction. Then, through an exploratory user study, I evaluated strategies of exploratory visual data analysis in a collaborative multi-user multi-device environment. I synthesized a two-level characterization of the analysis structure from observed analysis behaviors. I observed that subjects navigate the data space in three identified exploration patterns and the analysis was primarily depth-oriented. In addition, the cost of deciding what to explore next “Gulf of Goal Formation” is higher in collaborative settings due to short-term memory and the recency effect. I hypothesized that visualizing the dimensions search space would increase the breadth of the analysis and reduce the decision cost. Using a between-groups study, I evaluated the effect of revealing information about what dimension’s data space coverage(s) were investigated and what were left. The results indicate that visualizing dimensions search space increases the breadth of the analysis and reduces the decision cost by positively affecting the rate of views generation.
Enterococcus spp. cell-free extract: an abiotic route for syn-thesis of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs), their characterisa-tion and inhibition of E. coli
Creators: name: Tendenedzai, Job
name: Chirwa, Evans
name: Brink, Hendrik
Publisher: name: University of Pretoria
Year: 2022
Subjects: Bioremediation
Environmental biotechnology not elsewhere classified

description: Dataset for accepted paper published on 'Nanomaterials Journal' titled "Enterococcus spp. Cell-free Extract: An Abiotic route for Syn-thesis of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs), their characterisa-tion and inhibition of E. coli"
Analysis of a quasi-variational contact problem arising in thermoelasticity
Creators: name: Alphonse, Amal
name: Rautenberg, Carlos N.
name: Rodrigues, José Francisco
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Elliptic-parabolic system
subject: quasi-variational inequality
subject: obstacle problem
subject: thermoforming
subject: 35J47
subject: 35K40
subject: 35J87
subject: 35K86
subject: 35B65
subject: 80M30

description: We formulate and study two mathematical models of a thermoforming process involving a membrane and a mould as implicit obstacle problems. In particular, the membrane-mould coupling is determined by the thermal displacement of the mould that depends in turn on the membrane through the contact region. The two models considered are a stationary (or elliptic) model and an evolutionary (or quasistatic) one. For the first model, we prove the existence of weak solutions by solving an elliptic quasi-variational inequality coupled to elliptic equations. By exploring the fine properties of the variation of the contact set under non-degenerate data, we give sufficient conditions for the existence of regular solutions, and under certain contraction conditions, also a uniqueness result. We apply these results to a series of semi-discretised problems that arise as approximations of regular solutions for the evolutionary or quasistatic problem. Here, under certain conditions, we are able to prove existence for the evolutionary problem and for a special case, also the uniqueness of time-dependent solutions.
A study of nanoparticles : silica fume and woodsmoke
Creators: name: Cunningham, EA
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The research studies described herein were undertaken in order to characterize the particulate matter comprising the inorganic pollutant silica fume emitted by an electrometallurgical process and the organic emission of woodsmoke from residential woodheaters. These two emissions were selected in view of their suspected influential contribution to air pollution in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia. Their size characterization was seen as a necessary step for a better understanding of the nature of their toxicity within the human respiratory system. Their sizing was carried out using a Transmission Electron Microscope, the primary particle size (CMD) for 'silica fume being found to vary from a minimum of 34nm (0.034¬¨¬µm) to a maximum of 500nm (0.050¬¨¬µm) depending on sampling site at the smelter, while the aggregate size (VMD) varied from a minimum of 124nm (0.124¬¨¬µm) to a maximum of 180nm (0.18¬¨¬µm). Some 16,593 particles were involved. Sizes such as these place the primary particles of silica fume within the definition of nanometre particles. Similar results for the primary particles of silica fume have been recorded by other workers in the field when the technique of electron microscopy has been used. On the other hand, woodsmoke organics was shown to vary in primary particle size from a minimum CMD of 21nm (0.021¬¨¬µm) to a maximum of 23.5nm (0.023¬¨¬µm), depending on wood and heater type, while the aggregate size varied from a minimum VMD of 35nm (0.035¬¨¬µm) to a maximum of 58n (0.058¬¨¬µm). Similar sizes were found with a woodsmoke contaminated ambient air sample, with CMD for primary particles of 16run (0.016¬¨¬µm) and VMD for aggregates of 45nin (0.045¬¨¬µm). The woodsmoke sizing represented the analysis of some 10,194 particles and permits both the primary particles and almost all aggregates of woodsmoke to be defined as nanoparticles. This was in contrast to previous work in the field which was at least a factor of ten larger than the present study for both primary particles and aggregates, a fact which has raised come concern with regard to sizing limitations. Recent research has demonstrated the peculiarly high toxicity of particles in the nanometre size range. Other recent published work has postulated that this might explain the phenomena of health effects of nanoparticles on the human cardiopulmonary systems. It would seem, therefore, plausible to expect that the primary particles of silica fume and both the primary particles and aggregates of woodsmoke may subscribe to such hypotheses, being considered to be classified with the primary mediators of cardiopulmonary mortality and morbidity.
Equatorial oceanography
Creators: name: Cane, Mark A.
name: Sarachik, E. S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Interest and activity in the equatorial oceans (defined arbitrarily as that part of the oceans within ten degrees of the equator) have undergone a remarkable expansion in the last four years. The previous IUGG report (O'Brien, 1979) listed about one hundred references -- the present one lists over two hundred and fifty. Among the many reasons for this growth, a primary one is the realization of the rapid nature of equatorial responses. The vanishing of the Coriolis parameter in the presence of density stratification means that the ocean can respond strongly to basinwide winds on the climatically important, and observationalIy accessible, annual and interannual time scales. This realization has taken hold as the result of an interplay among theory, modelling and observation.
Valence and Intensity of Video Stimuli of Dogs and Conspecifics in Sheep: Approach-Avoidance, Operant Response, and Attention
Creators: name: Raoult, Camille M. C.
name: Gygax, Lorenz
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: sheep
subject: valence
subject: video stimuli
subject: approach–avoidance paradigm
subject: operant conditioning
subject: attention
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Stimuli are often presumed to be either negative or positive. However, animals’ judgement of their negativity or positivity cannot generally be assumed. A possibility to assess emotional states in animals elicited by stimuli is to investigate animal preferences and their motivation to gain access to these stimuli. This study’s aim was to assess the valence of social stimuli in sheep. We used silent videos of varying intensity of dogs as negative versus conspecifics as positive stimuli in three approaches: (1) an approach–avoidance paradigm; (2) operant conditioning using the video stimuli as reinforcers; and (3) an attention test. In the latter, we assessed differential attention of sheep to simultaneous projections by automatically tracking sheep head and ear postures and recording brain activity. With these approaches, it was difficult to support that the sheep’s reactions varied according to the stimuli’s presumed valence and intensity. The approach–avoidance paradigm and attention test did not support the assumption that dog videos were more negative than sheep videos, though sheep reacted to the stimuli presented. Results from the operant conditioning indicated that sheep were more prone to avoid videos of moving dogs. Overall, we found that standard video images may not be ideal to represent valence characteristics of stimuli to sheep.
BN domains included into carbon nanotubes: role of interface
Creators: name: Ivanovskaya, Viktoriya V.
name: Zobelli, Alberto
name: Stephan, Odile
name: Briddon, Patrick R.
name: Colliex, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a density functional theory study on the shape and arrangement of small BN domains embedded into single-walled carbon nanotubes. We show a strong tendency for the BN hexagons formation at the simultaneous inclusion of B and N atoms within the walls of carbon nanotubes. The work emphasizes the importance of a correct description of the BN-C frontier. We suggest that BN-C interface will be formed preferentially with the participation of N-C bonds. Thus, we propose a new way of stabilizing the small BN inclusions through the formation of nitrogen terminated borders. The comparison between the obtained results and the available experimental data on formation of BN plackets within the single walled carbon nanotubes is presented. The mirror situation of inclusion of carbon plackets within single walled BN nanotubes is considered within the proposed formalism. Finally, we show that the inclusion of small BN plackets inside the CNTs strongly affects the electronic character of the initial systems, opening a band gap. The nitrogen excess in the BN plackets introduces donor states in the band gap and it might thus result in a promising way for n-doping single walled carbon nanotubes.
Timing of eclogite-facies metamorphism of the Chuacús complex, Central Guatemala: Record of Late Cretaceous continental subduction of North America's sialic basement
Creators: name: Martens, Uwe C.
name: Brueckner, Hannes K.
name: Mattinson, Christopher G.
name: Liou, Juhn G.
name: Wooden, Joseph L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Plate tectonics
subject: Geochemistry
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Metamorphic rocks
subject: Eclogite
subject: Pegmatites

description: A Late Cretaceous collision of the southernmost portion of the North American continental margin with an undetermined southern block was first established based on the sedimentation history of the plate's supracrustal cover, which is overthrust by harzburgite-dominated nappes of the Guatemala Suture Complex. The collision is also well registered in the metamorphic evolution of continental eclogites of the Chuacús complex, a geologic unit that represents Mesoproterozoic–Triassic sialic basement of North America at the boundary with the Caribbean plate. Garnet–clinopyroxene–phengite thermobarometry of eclogites hosted in Chuacús gneisses indicates near ultra-high-pressure conditions to ~ 700 °C and ~ 2.1–2.4 GPa. SHRIMP-RG U–Pb dating of eclogite metamorphic zircon yielded a 75.5 ± 2 Ma age (95% confidence level). Chondrite-normalized rare-earth element patterns of zircon lack Eu anomalies and show depletions in heavy rare earths, consistent with zircon growing in a plagioclase-free, garnet-rich, eclogite-facies assemblage. Additionally, a Sm–Nd clinopyroxene-two garnet–whole rock isochron from an eclogite band yielded a less precise but consistent age of 77 ± 13 Ma. The above features imply subduction to > 60 km depth of at least a portion of the North American sialic basement during Late Cretaceous collision. The Chuacús complex was overprinted by an amphibolite-facies event. For instance, mafic high-pressure paragneiss contains symplectite, resorbed garnet, and amphibole + plagioclase poikiloblasts. Zircon rims from the paragneiss sample show rare-earth patterns consistent with plagioclase growth and garnet breakdown. Their 74.5 ± 3.5 Ma SHRIMP-RG U–Pb age is therefore interpreted as the time of retrogression, which is consistent with previously published results. Within error, the ages of the eclogite-facies event and the amphibolite-facies retrogression are equivalent. Thus exhumation of the Chuacús slab from mantle to mid-crustal depth was quick, taking few million years. During exhumation, partial melting of Chuacús gneisses generated ubiquitous pegmatites. One of the pegmatites intruded the North Motagua mélange, which is a serpentinite-rich subduction complex of the Guatemala Suture Complex containing Early Cretaceous oceanic eclogites. U–Pb, Rb–Sr, and K–Ar ages of the pegmatite range ~ 76–66 Ma. Thus initial juxtaposition of continental and oceanic high-pressure belts of the Guatemala Suture Complex predates Tertiary–present strike-slip faulting between the North-American and Caribbean plates.
Weak General but No Specific Habituation in Anticipating Stimuli of Presumed Negative and Positive Valence by Weaned Piglets
Creators: name: Henzen, Angela
name: Gygax, Lorenz
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: pigs
subject: habituation
subject: valence
subject: stimuli
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Positive and negative stimuli have asymmetric fitness consequences. Whereas, a missed opportunity may be compensated, an unattended threat can be fatal. This is why it has been hypothesised that habituation to positive stimuli is fast while it may be difficult to habituate to negative stimuli, at least for primary (innate) stimuli. However, learning of secondary stimuli may delay the process of habituation. Here, we tested 64 weaned piglets in pairs. In three phases, lasting one week each, piglets were exposed five times to a stimulus of presumed negative, intermediate, or positive valence. Etho-physiological measurements of heart rate, heart rate variability, and general movement activity were collected during the last 4 min before the confrontation with the stimulus (anticipation phase). We found no consistent effect of the interaction between the valence of the stimuli and the repetition and a main effect of valence on our outcome variables. Therefore, we could neither support the hypothesis that piglets habituate more slowly to secondary positive stimuli than to primary negative stimuli nor that they habituate less to primary negative stimuli when compared with other stimuli. These results could have been caused because stimuli may not have differed in the presumed way, the experimental design may not have been adequate, or the measures were not suitable for detecting habituation to the stimuli. Based on the stimuli used here and their valence that was only presumed, we could not support the hypothesis that the habituation process differs according to the valence of the stimuli.
Atmospheric CO2 decline during the Pliocene intensification of Northern Hemisphere glaciations
Creators: name: Bartoli, Gretta
name: Hoenisch, Baerbel
name: Zeebe, Richard E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Paleoclimatology

description: Several hypotheses have been put forward to explain the onset of intensive glaciations on Greenland, Scandinavia, and North America during the Pliocene epoch between 3.6 and 2.7 million years ago (Ma). A decrease in atmospheric CO_2 may have played a role during the onset of glaciations, but other tectonic and oceanic events occurring at the same time may have played a part as well. Here we present detailed atmospheric CO_2 estimates from boron isotopes in planktic foraminifer shells spanning 4.6-2.0 Ma. Maximal Pliocene atmospheric CO_2 estimates gradually declined from values around 410 μatm to early Pleistocene values of 300 μatm at 2.0 Ma. After the onset of large-scale ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere, maximal pCO_2 estimates were still at 2.5 Ma +90 μatm higher than values characteristic of the early Pleistocene interglacials. By contrast, Pliocene minimal atmospheric CO_2 gradually decreased from 310 to 245 μatm at 3.2 Ma, coinciding with the start of transient glaciations on Greenland. Values characteristic of early Pleistocene glacial atmospheric CO_2 of 200 μatm were abruptly reached after 2.7 Ma during the late Pliocene transition. This trend is consistent with the suggestion that ocean stratification and iron fertilization increased after 2.7 Ma in the North Pacific and Southern Ocean and may have led to increased glacial CO_2 storage in the oceanic abyss after 2.7 Ma onward.
Turbulent Driving Scales in Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Brunt, C. M.
name: Heyer, M. H.
name: Mac Low, M. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supersonic turbulence in molecular clouds is a dominant agent that strongly affects the clouds' evolution and star formation activity. Turbulence may be initiated and maintained by a number of processes, acting at a wide range of physical scales. By examining the dynamical state of molecular clouds, it is possible to assess the primary candidates for how the turbulent energy is injected. The aim of this paper is to constrain the scales at which turbulence is driven in the molecular interstellar medium, by comparing simulated molecular spectral line observations of numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models and molecular spectral line observations of real molecular clouds. We use principal component analysis, applied to both models and observational data, to extract a quantitative measure of the driving scale of turbulence. We find that only models driven at large scales (comparable to, or exceeding, the size of the cloud) are consistent with observations. This result applies also to clouds with little or no internal star formation activity. Astrophysical processes acting on large scales, including supernova-driven turbulence, magnetorotational instability, or spiral shock forcing, are viable candidates for the generation and maintenance of molecular cloud turbulence. Small scale driving by sources internal to molecular clouds, such as outflows, can be important on small scales, but cannot replicate the observed large-scale velocity fluctuations in the molecular interstellar medium.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Ivory coast microtektites and geomagnetic reversals
Creators: name: Schneider, David A.
name: Kent, Dennis V.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The reported association of the Ivory Coast microtektite occurrence with the onset of the Jaramillo normal polarity subchron has given support to the notion that impact events can give rise to geomagnetic reversals. We re-evaluate the paleomagnetic stratigraphy of two critical deep-sea sediment cores bearing Ivory Coast microtektites (K9-57 and V27-239) and show that this event likely occurred during the Jaramillo subchron approximately 30 kY after its onset and 40 kY before its termination. This new result thus argues against any causal relationship between the Ivory Coast tektite-producing event and a geomagnetic polarity reversal.
The influence of heteroatom substitution on heterocyclic carbenes and their complexes
Creators: name: Graham, David C.
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This thesis describes the influence of heteroatom substitution on heterocyclic carbenes and their corresponding complexes, using both density functional theory (DFT) and synthetic methods. The substitution of oxygen, sulfur or phosphorus for nitrogen in imidazol-2- ylidenes gives rise to a set of ten heterocyclic carbenes that were investigated using DFT. These replacements were found to have implications for both the structure and reactivity of the free carbene, which extended to complexes bearing ligands of this type. The balance between the ˜ìvâ-donation and ˜ìvÑ-withdrawal conferred by the heteroatoms onto the carbene centre was found to be a key factor influencing the reactivity at the carbenic carbon. Additional thermodynamic stability was observed for those carbenes that exhibited extensive ˜ìvÑ-delocalisation (aromaticity). The self-dimerisation of heteroatom-substituted carbenes is accelerated in the presence of protons. The activation barrier for dimerisation shows little correlation with the enthalpy of reaction, indicating that the estimation of carbene stability based purely on the enthalpy of reaction is not always appropriate. A number of novel palladium complexes bearing thiazol-2-ylidene ligands were prepared in the laboratory and their catalytic activity for Heck and Suzuki coupling assessed. While the catalysts were moderately active for both reactions, their performance was impeded by their insoluble nature and the lack of a second exocyclic ring substituent. DFT studies on the oxidative addition of imidazolium, thiazolium and oxazolium salts to zerovalent group-10 metals indicated that activation of C-C bonds resulting in the generation of hydrocarbyl-carbene complexes is likely to be achieved experimentally. Thiazolium salts and azoliums bearing 2-phenyl substituents show increased barriers to activation due to additional stabilizing interactions with the metal centre. The engineering of hydrocarbyl palladium carbene complexes that show enhanced stability to reductive elimination was undertaken using DFT. Complexes bearing imidazole-based ligands showed enhanced stability over imidazoline, thiazole and oxazole as a consequence of both their superior ˜ìvâ-donating ability and significant occupation of the carbene px-orbital. Widening of the auxiliary ligand bite-angle conferred a dramatic reduction in the barrier to reductive elimination, while the dihedral twist of the carbene relative to the PdL2 plane had little effect. Incorporation of increased steric bulk on nitrogen had little influence on the barrier to reductive elimination given its location distant from the active-site. More important were the ˜ìvâ-donating and ˜ìvÑ-withdrawing properties of the substituents, which conferred changes on the Pd-C bonding interaction resulting in an influence on the reductive elimination behaviour.
Overshooting
Creators: name: Dintrans, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Overshooting occurs in stars when convective elements penetrate into adjacent radiative zones. In the Sun, it leads to the so-called `tachocline' at the base of the outer convection zone and this region is becoming a key ingredient of the standard solar dynamo model as strong toroidal magnetic fields may be generated there. However this overshoot is not predicted by the mixing-length theory of convection where convective elements must stop at the border of a convectively unstable region. I will review the main properties of this convective overshoot in stellar interiors, with in particular its subtle dependence with the thermal diffusion, and will present the most recent results obtained from 2-D and 3-D direct numerical simulations (DNS) of penetrative convection.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of the 38th Liege International Astrophysical Colloquium "Evolution and Pulsation of Massive Stars on the Main Sequence and Close to it", A. Noels, C. Aerts, J. Montalban, A. Miglio & M. Briquet eds
Benchmarking report on gender equality in science, technology and innovation dialogues
Creators: name: Riina Bhatia
name: Nina Rilla
name: Essi Laitinen
name: Gabriela Gomez Ferreira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: GENDER
Gender STI
Benchmarking
Innovation dialogues

description: This deliverable focuses on the integration of gender in international science, technology, and innovation (STI) collaboration and draws lessons from international gender equality and feminist policy principles. It acknowledges that while international STI collaboration is becoming increasingly important, yet these fields are still male-dominated and resistant to women's meaningful participation. The study utilises the gendered organisations theory to examine the organisational processes involved in integrating gender equality and feminist (foreign) policy principles in institutions working with international STI related issues. Feminist policy principles enable examining gender dimension beyond binary definition and considers e.g., class, age, race, ethnicity and culture as factors constituting barriers for meaningful participation. The deliverable aims to understand the drivers and barriers for gender mainstreaming in international STI collaboration. The analysis is structured around the microfoundations of organisations, which encompass processes, tools, structures, and resources that are operationalized for gender mainstreaming. The study examines four different institutions from Finland, Spain, South Africa, and Mexico, representing both the Global North and the Global South.
Time-resolved dual transcriptomics reveal early induced Nicotiana benthamiana root genes and conserved infection-promoting Phytophthora palmivora effectors
Creators: name: Evangelisti, Edouard
name: Gogleva, Anna
name: Hainaux, T
name: Doumane, M
name: Tulin, Frej
name: Quan, Clement
name: Yunusov, Temur
name: Floch, K
name: Schornack, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2017
Subjects: Dual transcriptomics
Effectors
RXLR effectors
Secretome
De novo transcriptome assembly
N. benthamiana
P. palmivora
Non-model species

description: BACKGROUND: Plant-pathogenic oomycetes are responsible for economically important losses in crops worldwide. Phytophthora palmivora, a tropical relative of the potato late blight pathogen, causes rotting diseases in many tropical crops including papaya, cocoa, oil palm, black pepper, rubber, coconut, durian, mango, cassava and citrus. Transcriptomics have helped to identify repertoires of host-translocated microbial effector proteins which counteract defenses and reprogram the host in support of infection. As such, these studies have helped in understanding how pathogens cause diseases. Despite the importance of P. palmivora diseases, genetic resources to allow for disease resistance breeding and identification of microbial effectors are scarce. RESULTS: We employed the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana to study the P. palmivora root infections at the cellular and molecular levels. Time-resolved dual transcriptomics revealed different pathogen and host transcriptome dynamics. De novo assembly of P. palmivora transcriptome and semi-automated prediction and annotation of the secretome enabled robust identification of conserved infection-promoting effectors. We show that one of them, REX3, suppresses plant secretion processes. In a survey for early transcriptionally activated plant genes we identified a N. benthamiana gene specifically induced at infected root tips that encodes a peptide with danger-associated molecular features. CONCLUSIONS: These results constitute a major advance in our understanding of P. palmivora diseases and establish extensive resources for P. palmivora pathogenomics, effector-aided resistance breeding and the generation of induced resistance to Phytophthora root infections. Furthermore, our approach to find infection-relevant secreted genes is transferable to other pathogen-host interactions and not restricted to plants.
description: This work was supported by the Gatsby Charitable Foundation (RG62472), by the Royal Society (RG69135) and by the European Research Council (ERC-2014-STG, H2020, 637537).