Magnacarina primaverensis Mendoza, Locht, Kaderka, medina & Pérez-Miles, 2016, sp. nov
Creators: name: Jorge I. Mendoza
name: Arturo Locht
name: Radan Kaderka
name: Francisco medina
name: Fernando Pérez-Miles
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Theraphosidae
Magnacarina
Magnacarina primaverensis

description: Magnacarina primaverensis Mendoza & Locht sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FF12650D-1E0E-43A6-9056-D98A65A794E4
Figs 8–12, 16
Diagnosis
Magnacarina primaverensis sp. nov. differs from M. cancer sp. nov. in the general shape of the male palpal bulb, with prolateral inferior keel distally thinner and rounded, as well as in possessing prolateral accessory keels, and retrolateral apophysis slendering towards apex. Females differ in possessing a wider and longer spermatheca. M. primaverensis sp. nov. differs from M. aldana comb. nov. in possessing a slightly developed accessory apophysis; in a higher number of prolateral accessory keels, wider prolateral inferior keel and an inconspicuous male palpal tibia retrolateral process. Females differ in the endites posteriorly wider and rounded. Both sexes differ in a slightly orange carapace, with black cephalic area. M. primaverensis sp. nov. differs from M. moderata sp. nov. in having retrolateral nodule of megaspines, a male bulb with secondary projection shorter and thinner, with more prolateral accessory keels, and an inconspicuous male palpal tibia retrolateral process. Females differ in having a carapace as long as wide.
Magnacarina primaverensis sp. nov. has the following character combination: male palpal bulb with a prominent primary projection strongly curved retrolaterally; retroaleteral keel thin and well developed; prolateral superior keel well developed, posterior extension ends almost on the back face of palpal bulb (Fig. 9 A–C); secondary projection with prolateral accessory keels, increasing in size from proximal to distal (Fig. 9 C–D). Prolateral inferior keel wide, increasing from back to front and distal end slightly oriented to apical (Fig. 9 A, C–D). Apical keel well developed, wider in the middle (Fig. 9 D–E). Accessory apophysis barely developed, bearing large megaspines apically (Fig. 8 E). Retrolateral nodule of megaspines with large spines, stout at base and slendering apically (Fig. 8 I). Spermatheca reduced, low, with one single receptacle variable in shape, and strongly sclerotized. Uterus externus that is wider, and four to five times longer than the spermatheca (Fig. 11 A–D).
Etymology
The specific epithet is a combination of the noun referring to the area that the species inhabits, “Bosque de la Primavera”, and the Latin suffix - ensis, which means “of or from a place”.
Type material
Holotype
MEXICO: ♂, Jalisco, Zapopan, Bosque de la Primavera, 10 Oct. 2012, coll. R. Orozco (CNAN-T0995).
Paratypes
MEXICO: 4 ♀♀, 1 ♂, Jalisco, Zapopan, Bosque de la Primavera, 20 Aug. 2010, coll. J. Mendoza (females: CNAN-T0996, CNAN-T0999, CNAN-T1000 and CNAN-T1001; male: CNAN-T0998); 1 ♂, Jalisco, Zapopan, Carr. A Colotlán, casi llegando a Huaxtla, Oct. 2013, coll. G. Vila. (CNAN-T0997); 1 ♂, Jalisco, Zapopan, Bosque de la Primavera, 21 Sep. 2013, coll. J. Mendoza (NHM).
Description
Holotype male CNAN-T0995 (Figs 8–9, 12 A)
Body length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 16.39, carapace: 7.48 long, 6.44 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea straight, 1.00 wide. Carapace with orange sheen setae and dark cephalic area (Fig. 8 A). Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row, recurved. Eyes sizes and interocular distances: AME 0.325; ALE 0.275; PME 0.20; PLE 0.25; AME–AME 0.15; AME–ALE 0.05; PME– PME 0.50; PME–PLE 0.025; ALE–PLE 0.075. Ocular tubercle, width 1.05; length 0.875; clypeus 0.075 (Fig. 8 D). Labium: length 0.5; width 1.30; with 72 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approximately 136-133 (left-right). Cheliceral promargin with 8-8 (left-right) teeth. Sternum length 3.35. Sigilla circular, only third pair hardly visible; posterior sigilla one and half times its length from the margin (Fig. 8 B). Leg formula: IV> I> III> II. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 6.69, 3.46, 4.58, 4.71, 3.61, 23.05; II: 5.48, 3.25, 3.66, 4.37, 3.34, 20.1; III: 4.87, 3.09, 3.67, 4.97, 3.55, 20.15; IV: 6.40, 3.13, 5.47, 7.34, 4.28, 26.62. Palp: 4.25, 2.97, 3.75, -, 2.05, 13.02. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.03 long, 0.43 apart; PLS, 1.60 basal, 1.00 middle, 1.27 distal. Tarsi I–IV scopulate, II and III divided by narrow band of setae, IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I densely scopulate; II scopulate on distal two thirds, III scopulate on distal half and IV scopulate on distal third. Tibia I with three apophyses. Prolateral apophysis with one short and stout inner spine shorter than its length (Fig. 8 F).
Retrolateral apophysis normally developed, slender and slightly curved to dorsal (Fig. 8 E). Accessory apophysis barely developed, bearing five large megaspines at its apex (Fig. 8 E). Metatarsus I curved (Fig. 8 H), with retrolateral megaspines nodule with 14 large spines, stout at base and tapering apically (Fig. 8 I). Retrolateral face of palpal tibiae with a short process, poorly developed on distal third (Fig. 8 G). Chaetotaxy (left side): femora I 1 p; II 1 p; III 1 p, 1r; IV 1 r; palp 1p; patellae none; tibiae I 1 p, 4v; II 2 p, 5v; III 2 p, 5v, 2r; IV 5v, 2r; palp none; metatarsi: I 1v; II 1 p, 7v; III 4 p, 7v, 2r; IV 3 p, 7v, 2r. Palpal bulb with a prominent primary projection strongly curved retrolaterally with distal half twisted to apical. Retrolateral keel thin and well developed. Prolateral superior keel well developed, posterior extension ends almost on the back face of palpal bulb (Fig. 9 A–B, E). Secondary projection short and wide, with three to six prolateral accessory keels well developed increasing in size from proximal to distal (Fig. 9 C–D). Prolateral inferior keel wide, increasing from back to front, distal end slightly oriented to apical (Fig. 9 A, C–D). Apical keel well developed, wider in the middle, covering the sperm pore which opens towards prolateral face (Fig. 9 E). Tegular apophysis slightly developed (Fig. 9 A–B). Urticating setae of type III arranged in one dorsomedian patch, with copper metallic iridescence (Fig. 8 C, 12A). Variations summarized in Table 2.
Color pattern: In live specimens, carapace slightly orange with black cephalic area; ventral coxae, labium, maxillae and sternum dark brown; abdomen dorsally black with reddish setae and dorsomedian patch of copper-colored urticating setae, ventrally black. Legs and palps: femur with dark blue iridescence, patellae orange, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi black (Fig. 12 A).
Paratype female CNAN-T0996 (Figs 10, 11 A, 12 B)
Body length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 26.67, carapace: 11.82 long, 10.16 wide. Caput not markedly elevated; fovea straight, 2.10 wide. Carapace with orange sheen setae and dark cephalic area (Fig. 10 A). Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved. Eyes sizes and interocular distances: AME: 0.325; ALE: 0.525; PME: 0.325; PLE: 0.325; AME–AME: 0.30; AME–ALE: 0.15; PME–PME: 0.825; PME–PLE: 0.075; ALE–PLE: 0.225. Ocular tubercle, width 1.85; length 1.30; clypeus 0.2 (Fig. 10 D). Labium: length 1.3; width 2.15; with 35 cuspules. Maxilla inner corner with approximately 162-152 (leftright) (Fig. 10 E). Cheliceral promargin with 10-10 (left-right) teeth. Sternum length 5.20. Sigilla oval, first to third pairs hardly visible; posterior sigilla one and half times its length from the margin (Fig. 10 C, F). Leg formula: IV> I> II> III. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 8.03, 5.13, 5.62, 4.60, 3.46, 26.84; II: 6.98, 4.50, 4.83, 4.59, 3.16, 24.06; III: 6.38, 3.81, 4.48, 5.42, 3.58, 23.67; IV: 8.26, 4.26, 5.66, 7.83, 4.63, 30.64. Palp: 6.17, 3.67, 3.90, -, 3.51, 17.25. Spinnerets: PMS, 1.07 long, 0.33 apart; PLS, 2.27 basal, 1.40 middle, 2.3 distal. Tarsi I–IV scopulate, II and III divided by narrow band of setae, IV divided by strong band of setae. Metatarsi I densely scopulate; II scopulate on distal two thirds, III scopulate on distal half, and IV scopulate on distal third. Chaetotaxy (left side): femora II 1 p; III 1 p, 1r; palp 1p; patellae none; tibiae II 1 p, 2v; III 2 p, 4v, 2r; IV 4v, 2r; palp 5v; metatarsi I 1v; II 5v; III 4 p, 6v, 2r; IV 3 p, 8v, 2r.
Spermatheca reduced, low with one single semicircular receptacle, strongly sclerotized. Uterus externus is twice wider, and five times longer than the spermatheca (Fig. 11 A). Variation: spermatheca medially longer. Also can be lower but twice wider than normally seen (Fig. 11 B–D). Urticating setae of type III, arranged in one dorsomedian patch, with copper metallic iridescence (Fig. 10 B, 12B). Variations summarized in Table 2.
Color pattern: In live specimens, carapace slightly orange with black cephalic area; ventral coxae, labium, maxillae and sternum dark brown; abdomen dorsally black with reddish setae and dorsomedian patch of copper-colored urticating hairs, ventrally black. Legs and palps: femur with dark blue iridescence, patellae orange, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi black (Fig. 12 B).
Color pattern
Color pattern of these spiders changes during their development. Spiderlings of M. primaverensis sp. nov. have a black carapace; the abdomen dorsum is dark with a central patch of urticating hairs. All the femora are black; patellae, tibia, metatarsi and tarsi are orange in color (2nd to 6th instar). In larger stadia, the carapace is dark brown with larger black cephalic area; the rest of the body remains as spiderling color (7th to 8th instar). As the individuals grow, the carapace becomes orange with black cephalic area; the abdomen dorsum develops a few red setae; palps and legs show dark blue iridescent color on femora, patellae becomes orange in color; and tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi become black (9th instar onwards). This last coloration is stronger in adults, especially in males. Recently molted specimens have more vivid colors as observed in other theraphosids. In pre-molting individuals, colors are more opaque.
Distribution and natural history
Known only from the Natural Protected Area “Bosque de la Primavera”, near Jalisco, México (Fig. 16). All the spiders were found during daytime in a primary forest protected area. They live under rocks in shallow scrapes. The spiders are more difficult to find during the dry season. One of the females was found with a group of 25 spiderlings, with a legspan of 2.5 cm, suggesting that the spiderlings remain with the mother for a few months (Fig. 12 C–D). Since there were no systematic collecting efforts to estimate the size of the population, the density of the distribution cannot be ascertained. The area is under increasing pressure from human activities of the nearby city of Guadalajara, and it is possible that the only existing population is in the protected area of “Bosque de la Primavera”.
description: Published as part of Jorge I. Mendoza, Arturo Locht, Radan Kaderka, Francisco medina & Fernando Pérez-Miles, 2016, A new genus of Theraphosid spider from Mexico, with a particular palpal bulb structure (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae), pp. 1-28 in European Journal of Taxonomy 232 on pages 14-20, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2016.232, http://zenodo.org/record/885395