cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Single priming and a booster dose of 10-valent and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) maintains suppression of vaccine serotype colonization in South African children at 3, 4, and 5 years of age: a single-centre, open-labelled, randomized trial
Creators: name: Olwagen, Courtney P.
name: Izu, Alane
name: Van der Merwe, Lara
name: Jose, Lisa
name: Koen, Anthonet
name: Madhi, Shabir A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Surveillance on nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage in older children would be informative in determining whether a single priming and booster dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) provides durable protection against pneumococcal disease compared with traditional dosing schedules. We report on the secondary study objective to evaluate overall, vaccine-serotype (VT), and non-vaccine serotype (NVT) S. pneumoniae colonization at 3, 4, and 5 years of age in children who were randomized to receive 10-valent or 13-valent PCV formulations at 6 (6w + 1) or 14 (14w + 1) weeks compared with a two-dose primary series (2 + 1), with all children receiving a booster dose at 9 months of age, using a multiplex nanofluidic qPCR assay. The prevalence of overall, VT, or NVT at 5 years of age between the 2 + 1 compared with the 6w + 1 or 14w + 1 groups for both PCV10 and PCV13 did not differ. Although inconclusive, our findings suggest that a reduced 1 + 1 PCV dosing schedule is unlikely to increase breakthrough cases of VT pneumococcal disease in older children, which can inform decision-making on transitioning to a 1 + 1 schedule in South Africa. Clinical trial registration: The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (identifier is NCT04275284).
Safety and immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 LYB001 RBD-based VLP vaccine (CHO cell) phase 1 in Chinese adults: a randomized, double-blind, positive-parallel-controlled study
Creators: name: Tang, Rong
name: Zeng, Ying
name: Zhou, Yu
name: Liang, Qi
name: Kang, Wei
name: Yang, Zhonghua
name: Zheng, Xiaoxiang
name: Zang, Xia
name: Pan, Hongxing
name: Jin, Jing
name: Zhu, Fengcai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Vaccination remains the cornerstone of defense against COVID-19 globally. This study aims to assess the safety and immunogenicity profile of innovative vaccines LYB001. This was a randomized, double-blind, parallel-controlled trial, in 100 healthy Chinese adults (21 to 72 years old). Three doses of 30 or 60 µg of SARS-CoV-2 RBD-based VLP vaccine (LYB001), or the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-based protein subunit vaccine (ZF2001, control group) were administered with a 28-day interval. Differences in the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and indicators of humoral and cellular immunity among the different groups were measured. No severe adverse events were confirmed to be vaccine-related, and there was no significant difference in the rate of adverse events between the LYB001 and control group or the age subgroups (p > 0.05). The LYB001 groups had significantly higher or comparable levels of seroconversion rates, neutralization antibody, S protein-binding antibody, and cellular immunity after whole vaccination than the control group. Our findings support that LYB001 developed on the VLP platform is safe and well tolerated with favorable immunogenicity for fundamental vaccination in healthy adults. Therefore, further larger-scale clinical studies are warranted. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05552573).
Effectiveness of primary series, first, and second booster vaccination of monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections and severe diseases during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron BA.5 epidemic in Japan: vaccine effectiveness real-time surveillance for SARS-CoV-2 (VERSUS)
Creators: name: Maeda, Haruka
name: Saito, Nobuo
name: Igarashi, Ataru
name: Ishida, Masayuki
name: Terada, Mayumi
name: Masuda, Shingo
name: Osawa, Ryosuke
name: Hosokawa, Naoto
name: Nakashima, Kei
name: Kamura, Hiroshi
name: Imura, Haruki
name: Inoue, Hiroki
name: Matsuzaka, Suguru
name: Sugimoto, Yukihiro
name: Kuwamitsu, Osamu
name: Motohashi, Iori
name: Morikawa, Toru
name: Oda, Rentaro
name: Hoshina, Yuiko
name: Matono, Takashi
name: Teshigahara, Osamu
name: Sando, Eiichiro
name: Asami, Sadaharu
name: Kudo, Satoshi
name: Akizuki, Noboru
name: Muto, Yoshikazu
name: Hayakawa, Tomoichiro
name: Kishaba, Tomoo
name: Ohara, Yasuji
name: Kubo, Yoshinao
name: Suzuki, Motoi
name: Morimoto, Konosuke
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: This study aimed to evaluate VE of primary, first, and second booster ancestral-strain monovalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination against symptomatic infections and severe diseases in Japan. We conducted a test-negative case-control study. We included medically attended episodes and hospitalizations involving individuals aged ≥16 with signs and symptoms from July to November 2022, when Omicron BA.5 was dominant nationwide. To evaluate VE, we calculated adjusted ORs of vaccination among test-positive versus test-negative individuals using a mixed-effects logistic regression. For VE against symptomatic infections among individuals aged 16 to 59, VE of primary vaccination at > 180 days was 26.1% (95% CI: 10.6–38.8%); VE of the first booster was 58.5% (48.4–66.7%) at ≤90 days, decreasing to 41.1% (29.5–50.8%) at 91 to 180 days. For individuals aged ≥60, VE of the first booster was 42.8% (1.7–66.7%) at ≤90 days, dropping to 15.4% (−25.9–43.2%) at 91 to 180 days, and then increasing to 44.0% (16.4–62.5%) after the second booster. For VE against severe diseases, VE of the first and second booster was 77.3% (61.2–86.7%) at ≤90 days and 55.9% (23.4–74.6%) afterward. mRNA booster vaccination provided moderate protection against symptomatic infections and high-level protection against severe diseases during the BA.5 epidemic in Japan.
Influenza burden averted with a cell-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine compared with egg-based quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine
Creators: name: McGovern, Ian
name: Taylor, Alexandra
name: Sardesai, Aditya
name: Toro-Diaz, Hector
name: Haag, Mendel
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Cell-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4c) avoid egg-adaptive mutations found in egg-based production, improving vaccine effectiveness (VE). Studies demonstrate improved VE for IIV4c relative to egg-based quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4). We built on a static compartmental model developed by the CDC to estimate the influenza burden in persons 0–64 years that would be additionally averted by vaccination with IIV4c vs. IIV4. Model inputs were based on published data from 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019–2020 Northern Hemisphere influenza seasons for the US. Over 3 influenza seasons, relative to IIV4, IIV4c would avert 31–39% more symptomatic cases, 29–40% more outpatient visits, 29–38% more hospitalizations and ICU admissions, and 34–49% more deaths vs. IIV4. In a deterministic sensitivity analysis, the main drivers were the relative VE of IIV4c vs. IIV4 in the 2017–2018 season and influenza burden estimates for the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that the interquartile range of symptomatic cases was ± 13% of baseline in 2017–2018, ±8% in 2018–2019, and ± 7% in 2019–2020. IIV4c prevented significantly more symptomatic cases, outpatient visits, hospitalizations, and deaths than IIV4 in persons aged 0–64 years over 3 influenza seasons.
Immunogenicity and safety of boosting with a recombinant two-component SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: two randomized, parallel-controlled, phase 2 studies
Creators: name: Balgos, Abundio
name: Hannawi, Suad AI
name: Chen, Wen-Li
name: Abuquta, Alaa
name: Safeldin, Linda
name: Hassan, Aala
name: Alamadi, Ahmad
name: Tirador, Louie
name: Jaen, Anjuli May
name: Villalobos, Ralph Elvi
name: Mo, Chen
name: Yue, Zi-Jing
name: Ma, Ying
name: Wang, Qing-Shuang
name: Wen, Ren-Du
name: Yao, Zheng
name: Yu, Jia-Ping
name: Yao, Wen-Rong
name: Zhang, Jian-Hui
name: Hong, Kun-Xue
name: Liu, Yong
name: Li, Jing-Xin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Recombinant protein vaccines play a crucial role in providing broad immuno-protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study evaluates the safety and immunogenicity of ReCOV as a booster dose in two randomized, observer-blinded, active-controlled Phase 2 clinical trials. In Study-1, adults who had received two or three doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 20 μg ReCOV, 40 μg ReCOV, or an inactivated vaccine (COVILO®) in the United Arab Emirates. Study-2 involved subjects who received two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccine and were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 20 μg ReCOV (pilot batch, ReCOV HA), 20 μg ReCOV (commercial batch, ReCOV TC), or 30 μg BNT162b2 (COMIRNATY®) in the Philippines. The primary immunogenicity objectives were to compare geometric mean titer (GMT) and seroconversion rate (SCR) of live-virus neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 prototype induced by one booster dose of ReCOV with that of inactivated vaccine and BNT162b2, respectively, at 14 days post-booster. Heterologous booster doses of ReCOV were safe, well-tolerated, and elicited noninferior immunogenic responses to inactivated vaccines and BNT162b2 against both Omicron variants and prototype in previously vaccinated adults. The results demonstrated significant advantages in cross-neutralization activities against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, surpassing those observed with inactivated vaccines and BNT162b2. Additionally, good immune persistence was noted. Heterologous boosting with ReCOV proved safe and effective, with promising results in managing the COVID-19 epidemic. The study sheds light on the high potential of ReCOV in providing enhanced protection, supported by strong cross-neutralization activities and immune persistence. Study-1, www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier is NCT05323435; Study-2, www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier is NCT05084989.
A clinical and economic assessment of adjuvanted trivalent versus standard egg-derived quadrivalent influenza vaccines among older adults in the United States during the 2018-19 and 2019-20 influenza seasons
Creators: name: Levin, Myron J.
name: Divino, Victoria
name: Postma, Maarten J.
name: Pelton, Stephen I.
name: Zhou, Zifan
name: DeKoven, Mitch
name: Mould-Quevedo, Joaquin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Clinical evidence supports use of enhanced influenza vaccines in older adults. Few economic outcome studies have compared adjuvanted trivalent inactivated (aIIV3) and standard egg-derived quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV4e). A retrospective cohort study was conducted leveraging deidentified US hospital data linked to claims data during the 2018–19 and 2019–20 influenza seasons. Relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) was compared in adults aged ≥ 65 years receiving aIIV3 or IIV4e using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and Poisson regression. An economic assessment quantified potential real-world cost savings. The study included 715,807 aIIV3 and 320,991 IIV4e recipients in the 2018–19 and 844,169 aIIV3 and 306,270 IIV4e recipients in the 2019–20 influenza seasons. aIIV3 was significantly more effective than IIV4e in preventing cardiorespiratory disease (2018–19 rVE = 6.2%; and 2019–20 rVE = 6.0%) and respiratory disease (2018–19 rVE = 8.9%; and 2019–20 rVE = 10.1%). During the 2018–19 influenza season cardiorespiratory hospitalization cost savings for the aIIV3 population were $392 M, and $221 M for the 2019–20 season. Respiratory hospitalization cost savings for the aIIV3 population were $145 M and $97 M, respectively. Our findings suggest that aIIV3 provides clinical and economic advantages versus IIV4e in the elderly. Flu vaccines do not work as well in older adults due to the aging of their immune system. One approach to improving vaccine efficacy is the addition of a substance, or adjuvant, to the vaccine in order to boost an individual’s immune response. This study evaluated an adjuvanted vaccine compared to an unadjuvanted vaccine for preventing cardiorespiratory hospitalizations and hospitalization costs. The findings demonstrated that the adjuvanted flu vaccine, compared to the unadjuvanted vaccine, prevented more hospitalizations and greatly reduced associated hospital costs.
Potential serotype-specific effectiveness against IPD of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines V114 and PCV20 in children given a 2+1 dosing regimen
Creators: name: Ryman, Josiah
name: Sachs, Jeffrey R.
name: Banniettis, Natalie
name: Weiss, Thomas
name: Ahsman, Maurice
name: Yee, Ka Lai
name: Weaver, Jessica
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Next generation, higher valency pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) are assessed and licensed by comparing the immune response across serotypes shared with the PCVs that are standard of care for prevention of pneumococcal disease. Using a previously qualified method we predicted the serotype-specific vaccine effectiveness (VE) against invasive pneumococcal disease of V114 and PCV20 for the serotypes shared with PCV13 in an EU, Russian, and Australian pediatric population that is recommended to receive a 2 + 1 dosing regimen. The estimated protective antibody concentrations ranged from 0.03 (serotype 23F) to 1.49 µg/mL (serotype 19F). Predicted VE values for V114 ranged from 79% (serotype 5) to 100% (serotype 23F). V114 had comparable effectiveness to PCV13 for all but one of shared serotypes, with predicted higher effectiveness (in V114) against serotype 3 (93% vs. 65%). Predicted VE values for PCV20 ranged from 47% (serotype 3) to 91% (serotype 14). PCV20 predicted VE was lower than PCV13’s for serotypes 4, 19F, 23F, 1, 3, 5, 6A, 7F, and 19A. Predicted serotype-specific VE values suggest that, with a 2 + 1 dosing regimen, V114 will have greater effectiveness than PCV20 against PCV13 serotypes, particularly for the still-prevalent serotype 3. Real-world VE studies will ultimately provide clarity on the effectiveness of novel PCVs and support further confidence in and/or improvements to modeling efforts. Pediatric pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) were first introduced in Europe in the early 2000s and their incorporation into national immunization programs has helped decrease the incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Europe and globally. However, some IPD persists, due both to the emergence of non-vaccine pneumococcal serotypes and to the persistence of certain vaccine-targeted serotypes. Higher valency vaccines have been developed to help prevent IPD arising from these serotypes. The goal of the present study is to employ a previously developed model to predict the serotype-specific vaccine effectiveness of higher valency PCVs in a pediatric population that is recommended to receive a 2 + 1 dosing schedule.
Efficacy and safety of hepatitis B vaccine: an umbrella review of meta-analyses
Creators: name: Zeng, Fangfang
name: Qiu, Jiamin
name: Zhang, Shiwen
name: Feng, Yonghui
name: Su, Xin
name: Cai, Jun
name: Chen, Shiyun
name: Liu, Jiazi
name: Huang, Shiqi
name: Huang, Haokun
name: Zhu, Sui
name: Wen, Huiyan
name: Li, Jiaxin
name: Yan, Haoyu
name: Diao, Zhiquan
name: Liang, Xiaofeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: There is a lack of synthesis of literature to determine hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) strategies for hepatitis B virus (HBV) supported by quality evidence.We aimed to explore the efficacy and safety of HepB strategies among people with different characteristics. PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were searched for meta-analyses comparing the efficacy and safety of HepB up to July 2023. 21 meta-analyses comparing 83 associations were included, with 16 high quality, 4 moderate, and 1 low quality assessed by AMSTAR 2. Highly suggestive evidence supports HepB booster and HepB with 1018 adjuvant (HBsAg-1018) for improved seroprotection, and targeted and universal HepB vaccination reduced HBV infection Suggestive evidence indicated that targeted vaccination decreased the rate of hepatitis B surface antibody positivity and booster doses increased seroprotection in people aged 10-20. Weak evidence suggests potential local/systemic reaction risk with nucleotide analogs or HBsAg-1018. Convincing evidence shows HLA-DPB1 × 04:01 and DPB1 × 04:02 increased, while DPB1 × 05:01 decreased, hepatitis B antibody response. Obesity may reduce HepB seroprotection, as highly suggested. Targeted vaccination could effectively reduce HBV infection, adjuvant and booster vaccinations enhance seroprotection without significant reaction. Factors such as obesity and genetic polymorphisms may affect the efficacy.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for routine pediatric vaccination programs in Japan
Creators: name: Shinjoh, Masayoshi
name: Togo, Kanae
name: Hayamizu, Tomoyuki
name: Yonemoto, Naohiro
name: Morii, Junko
name: Perdrizet, Johnna
name: Kamei, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The Japanese National Immunization Program currently includes the pediatric 13 valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) to prevent pneumococcal infections. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of 20-valent PCV (PCV20) as a pediatric vaccine versus PCV13. A decision-analytic Markov model was used to estimate expected costs, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and prevented cases and deaths caused by invasive pneumococcal disease, pneumonia, and acute otitis media over a ten-year time horizon from the societal and healthcare payer perspectives. PCV20 was dominant, i.e. less costly and more effective, over PCV13 (gained 294,599 QALYs and reduced Japanese yen [JPY] 352.6 billion [2.6 billion United States dollars, USD] from the societal perspective and JPY 178.9 billion [USD 1.4 billion] from the payer perspective). Sensitivity and scenario analyses validated the robustness of the base scenario results. When comparing PCV20 with PCV13, the threshold analysis revealed an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio that was within the threshold value (JPY 5 million/QALY) at a maximum acquisition cost of JPY 74,033 [USD 563] (societal perspective) and JPY 67,758 [USD 515] (payer perspective). As a pediatric vaccine, PCV20 was dominant over PCV13 regardless of the study perspective.
Vaccination strategies for patients under monoclonal antibody and other biological treatments: an updated comprehensive review based on EMA authorisations to January 2024
Creators: name: Rivera-Izquierdo, Mario
name: Morales-Portillo, Arturo
name: de Alba, Inmaculada Guerrero-Fernández
name: Fernández-Martínez, Nicolás Francisco
name: Schoenenberger-Arnaiz, Joan Antoni
name: Barranco-Quintana, José Luis
name: Valero-Ubierna, Carmen
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and other biological agents are being increasingly approved in the last years with very different indications. Their highly heterogeneous immunosuppressive effects, mechanisms of action and pharmacokinetics require comprehensive individualized vaccination schedules. Vaccination for immunocompromised patients. Prevention and treatment with mAbs and other biological therapies. Current recommendations on vaccine schedules for patients under mAbs or other biological treatments are based on expert opinions and are not individualized according to each vaccine and treatment. No studies are focusing on the high heterogeneity of these agents, which are exponentially developed and used for many different indications. Recent paradigm changes in vaccine development (boosted by the COVID-19 pandemic) and in the mAbs use for prophylactic purposes (changing ‘vaccination’ by ‘immunization’ schedules) has been witnessed in the last years. We aimed at collecting all mAbs used for treatment or prevention, approved as of 1 January 2024, by the EMA. Based on available data on mAbs and vaccines, we propose a comprehensive guide for personalizing vaccination. Recent vaccine developments and current population strategies (e.g. zoster vaccination or prophylactic nirsevimab) are discussed. This review aims to be a practical guideline for professionals working in vaccine consultations for immunosuppressed patients.
Hookworm vaccines: current and future directions
Creators: name: Sarkar, Eti R.
name: Sikder, Suchandan
name: Giacomin, Paul
name: Loukas, Alex
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Hookworms infect about half a billion people worldwide and are responsible for the loss of more than two billion disability-adjusted life years. Mass drug administration (MDA) is the most popular preventive approach, but it does not prevent reinfection. An effective vaccine would be a major public health tool in hookworm-endemic areas. We highlight recent human studies where vaccination with irradiated larvae and repeated rounds of infection-treatment have induced partial protection. These studies have emphasized the importance of targeting the infective larvae to generate immunity to prevent adult worms from maturing in the gut. We summarize the current status of human and animal model vaccine trials. Hookworm infection is endemic in resource-poor developing regions where polyparasitism is common, and vaccine cold chain logistics are complex. Humans do not develop sterile immunity to hookworms, and the elderly are frequently overlooked in MDA campaigns. For all these reasons, a vaccine is essential to create long-lasting protection. The lack of a robust animal model to mimic human hookworm infections is a barrier to the discovery and development of a vaccine, however, there have been major recent advances in human challenge studies which will accelerate the process.
Unpacking adverse events and associations post COVID-19 vaccination: a deep dive into vaccine adverse event reporting system data
Creators: name: Li, Yiming
name: Lundin, Sori K
name: Li, Jianfu
name: Tao, Wei
name: Dang, Yifang
name: Chen, Yong
name: Tao, Cui
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: The rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines has provided crucial tools for pandemic control, but the occurrence of vaccine-related adverse events (AEs) underscores the need for comprehensive monitoring. This study analyzed the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) data from 2020–2022 using statistical methods such as zero-truncated Poisson regression and logistic regression to assess associations with age, gender groups, and vaccine manufacturers. Logistic regression identified 26 System Organ Classes (SOCs) significantly associated with age and gender. Females displayed especially higher odds in SOC 19 (Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions), while males had higher odds in SOC 25 (Surgical and medical procedures). Older adults (>65) were more prone to symptoms like Cardiac disorders, whereas those aged 18–65 showed susceptibility to AEs like Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. Moderna and Pfizer vaccines induced fewer SOC symptoms compared to Janssen and Novavax. The zero-truncated Poisson regression model estimated an average of 4.243 symptoms per individual. These findings offer vital insights into vaccine safety, guiding evidence-based vaccination strategies and monitoring programs for precise and effective outcomes.
Public health impact and return on investment of the pediatric National Immunization Program in Italy
Creators: name: Barbieri, Marco
name: Talbird, Sandra E.
name: Carrico, Justin
name: Boccalini, Sara
name: Bechini, Angela
name: Bonanni, Paolo
name: Mellott, Claire E.
name: Senese, Francesca
name: Lang, John Cameron
name: Bencina, Goran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We conducted a cost–benefit analysis of the pediatric National Immunization Program (NIP) in Italy. An economic model evaluated the benefit–cost ratio (BCR) of the Italian pediatric NIP, including 10 pathogens for mandatory vaccines and 4 pathogens for recommended vaccines for children aged 0–10 years from the healthcare-sector and societal perspectives. Separate decision trees were used to model each vaccine-preventable disease (VPD). The 2020 birth cohort (n = 420,084) was followed over their lifetime; the model projected and compared discounted disease cases, life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and costs (2021 euros) with and without immunization (based on current and pre – vaccine era disease incidence estimates, respectively). The pediatric NIP was estimated to prevent 1.8 million cases of VPDs and 3,330 deaths, resulting in 45,900 fewer life-years lost and 57,000 fewer QALYs lost. Vaccination costs of €285 million were offset by disease cost savings of €1.6 billion, resulting in a BCR of 5.6 from a societal perspective (BCR = 1.7 from a healthcare-sector perspective). When QALYs gained were valued, the BCR increased to 15.6. The benefits of the Italian pediatric NIP, including averted disease-related morbidity, mortality, and associated costs, highlight the value of continued investment in pediatric immunization.
Lessons from a decade of adult vaccine rollout in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Gerste, Amelia K.
name: Majidulla, Arman
name: Baidya, Anurima
name: Georgewill, Onimitein
name: DeLuca, Andrea N.
name: Pelzer, Puck T.
name: Gill, Michelle M.
name: Jerene, Degu
name: Buis, Joeri S.
name: Kerkhoff, Andrew D.
name: Limaye, Rupali J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The historical focus of vaccines on child health coupled with the advent of novel vaccines targeting adult populations necessitates exploring strategies for adult vaccine implementation. This scoping review extracts insights from the past decade’s experiences introducing adult vaccines in low- and middle-income countries. Among 25 papers reviewed, 19 focused on oral cholera vaccine, 2 on Meningococcal A vaccines, 2 on tetanus toxoid vaccine, 1 on typhoid vaccine, and 1 on Ebola vaccine. Aligned with WHO’s Global Framework for New TB Vaccines for Adults and Adolescents, our findings center on vaccine availability, accessibility, and acceptance. Availability findings underscore the importance of understanding disease burden for prioritization, multi-sectoral collaboration during planning, and strategic resource allocation and coordination. Accessibility results highlight the benefits of leveraging existing health infrastructure and adequately training healthcare workers, and contextually tailoring vaccine delivery approaches to reach challenging sub-groups like working male adults. Central to fostering acceptance, resonant sensitization, and communication campaigns engaging the communities and utilizing trusted local leaders countered rumors and increased awareness and uptake. As we approach the introduction of a new adult TB vaccine, insights from this review equips decision-makers with key evidence-based recommendations to support successful and equitable vaccinations targeting adults.
Indirect protection from rotavirus vaccines: a systematic review
Creators: name: Chavers, Tyler
name: Cates, Jordan
name: Burnett, Eleanor
name: Parashar, Umesh D.
name: Tate, Jacqueline E.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Rotavirus vaccines may provide indirect protection by reducing transmission in the population and thus reducing disease burden. This systematic review summarizes estimates of indirect protection from rotavirus vaccines and the methods used to obtain these estimates. We identified 71 studies published between 2009 and 2022 that provided 399 estimates of indirect protection from rotavirus vaccine. Most estimates (73%) evaluated hospitalizations due to rotavirus gastroenteritis as the outcome and unvaccinated children <5 years old as the agegroup (64%), but there was considerable variability in methods to evaluate indirect protection. For hospitalizations due to rotavirus gastroenteritis among unvaccinated children <5 years old, the median incidence rate ratio was 0.60 (IQR: 0.40–0.87, n = 110 estimates), the median relative percent change in percent positivity was 25% (IQR: 13–44%, n = 49 estimates), and the median relative percent change in absolute number of rotavirus positive tests or rotavirus-specific International Classification of Diseases codes was 42% (IQR: 16–66%, n = 40 estimates). These findings broadly suggest rotavirus vaccines provide some indirect protection. There is a need to standardize measurement of indirect rotavirus vaccine protection, particularly using consistent outcomes and metrics, and stratifying results by standardized age groups and years since vaccine introduction.
Public health impact and return on investment of the pediatric national immunization program in Italy
Creators: name: Barbieri, Marco
name: Talbird, Sandra E
name: Carrico, Justin
name: Boccalini, Sara
name: Bechini, Angela
name: Bonanni, Paolo
name: Mellott, Claire E
name: Senese, Francesca
name: Lang, John Cameron
name: Bencina, Goran
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: We conducted a cost-benefit analysis of the pediatric National Immunization Program (NIP) in Italy. An economic model evaluated the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of the Italian pediatric NIP, including 10 pathogens for mandatory vaccines and 4 pathogens for recommended vaccines for children aged 0-10 years from the healthcare-sector and societal perspectives. Separate decision trees were used to model each vaccine-preventable disease (VPD). The 2020 birth cohort (n = 420,084) was followed over their lifetime; the model projected and compared discounted disease cases, life-years, quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and costs (2021 euros) with and without immunization (based on current and pre – vaccine era disease incidence estimates, respectively). The pediatric NIP was estimated to prevent 1.8 million cases of VPDs and 3,330 deaths, resulting in 45,900 fewer life-years lost and 57,000 fewer QALYs lost. Vaccination costs of €285 million were offset by disease cost savings of €1.6 billion, resulting in a BCR of 5.6 from a societal perspective (BCR = 1.7 from a healthcare-sector perspective). When QALYs gained were valued, the BCR increased to 15.6. The benefits of the Italian pediatric NIP, including averted disease-related morbidity, mortality, and associated costs, highlight the value of continued investment in pediatric immunization.
Lessons from a decade of adult vaccine rollout in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Gerste, Amelia K.
name: Majidulla, Arman
name: Baidya, Anurima
name: Georgewill, Onimitein
name: DeLuca, Andrea N.
name: Pelzer, Puck T.
name: Gill, Michelle M.
name: Jerene, Degu
name: Buis, Joeri S.
name: Kerkhoff, Andrew D.
name: Limaye, Rupali J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The historical focus of vaccines on child health coupled with the advent of novel vaccines targeting adult populations necessitates exploring strategies for adult vaccine implementation. This scoping review extracts insights from the past decade’s experiences introducing adult vaccines in low- and middle-income countries. Among 25 papers reviewed, 19 focused on oral cholera vaccine, 2 on Meningococcal A vaccines, 2 on tetanus toxoid vaccine, 1 on typhoid vaccine, and 1 on Ebola vaccine. Aligned with WHO’s Global Framework for New TB Vaccines for Adults and Adolescents, our findings center on vaccine availability, accessibility, and acceptance. Availability findings underscore the importance of understanding disease burden for prioritization, multi-sectoral collaboration during planning, and strategic resource allocation and coordination. Accessibility results highlight the benefits of leveraging existing health infrastructure and adequately training healthcare workers, and contextually tailoring vaccine delivery approaches to reach challenging sub-groups like working male adults. Central to fostering acceptance, resonant sensitization and communication campaigns engaging the communities and utilizing trusted local leaders countered rumors and increased awareness and uptake. As we approach the introduction of a new adult TB vaccine, insights from this review equips decision-makers with key evidence-based recommendations to support successful and equitable vaccinations targeting adults.
Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 booster dose vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Harrison, Cale
name: Butfield, Rebecca
name: Yarnoff, Ben
name: Yang, Jingyan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Updating vaccines is essential for combatting emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) variants. This study assessed the public health and economic impact of a booster dose of an adapted vaccine in the United Kingdom (UK). A Markov-decision tree model estimated the outcomes of vaccination strategies targeting various age and risk groups in the UK. Age-specific data derived from published sources were used. The model estimated case numbers, deaths, hospitalizations, medical costs, and societal costs. Scenario analyses were conducted to explore uncertainty. Vaccination targeting individuals aged ≥ 65 years and the high-risk population aged 12–64 years was estimated to avert 701,549 symptomatic cases, 5,599 deaths, 18,086 hospitalizations, 56,326 post-COVID condition cases, and 38,263 lost quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), translating into direct and societal cost savings of £112,174,054 and £542,758,682, respectively. The estimated economically justifiable price at willingness-to-pay thresholds of £20,000 and £30,000 per QALY was £43 and £61, respectively, from the payer perspective and £64 and £82, respectively, from the societal perspective. Expanding to additional age groups improved the public health impact. Targeting individuals aged ≥ 65 years and those aged 12–64 years at high risk yields public health gains, but expansion to additional age groups provides additional gains.
Time lapses between distribution of influenza vaccines to health authorities and their administration by General Practitioners (GPs) to older adults: a retrospective study over five influenza seasons in Italy
Creators: name: Lapi, Francesco
name: Marconi, Ettore
name: Fallani, Elettra
name: Salvatore, Marco
name: Cambiaggi, Maura
name: Rossi, Alessandro
name: Cricelli, Claudio
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Delays in influenza vaccine delivery and administration can hinder vaccine coverage and protection. This study examines the differentials in distributing and administering adjuvanted trivalent (aTIV) and quadrivalent influenza vaccines (aQIV) to older adults in Italy’s primary care setting and its potential impact on hospitalization risk over 5 epidemic seasons. Using a primary care database, individuals aged ≥ 65 years were selected. The proportion of vaccine distribution to regional authorities and subsequent administration by GPs was estimated using census data. Using quantile (median) regression, we examined the relationship between velocities of vaccine distribution and administration (doses/week) and the incidence of hospitalizations. Over the 5 influenza seasons, the velocity of distribution and administration of aTIV/aQIV ranged 341–833 and 152–270 median doses/week; no trend was yielded for the difference between these velocities (p = 0.189) or vaccine coverage (p = 0.142). An association was observed for each differential dose/week between distributed and administered vaccines and all-cause hospitalizations with a 10% increase in 2017–2018, 54% in 2018–2019, and 12% in 2020–2021 season. These findings highlight the importance of minimizing the time lapse between vaccine distribution and administration to mitigate the impact of influenza and address factors that contribute to vaccination barriers.
Modeling the potential public health and economic impact of different COVID-19 booster dose vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in the United Kingdom
Creators: name: Harrison, Cale
name: Butfield, Rebecca
name: Yarnoff, Ben
name: Yang, Jingyan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Updating vaccines is essential for combatting emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) variants. This study assessed the public health and economic impact of a booster dose of an adapted vaccine in the United Kingdom (UK). A Markov-decision tree model estimated the outcomes of vaccination strategies targeting various age and risk groups in the UK. Age-specific data derived from published sources were used. The model estimated case numbers, deaths, hospitalizations, medical costs, and societal costs. Scenario analyses were conducted to explore uncertainty. Vaccination targeting individuals aged ≥65 years and the high-risk population aged 12-64 years was estimated to avert 701,549 symptomatic cases, 5,599 deaths 18,086 hospitalizations 56,326 post-COVID condition cases, and 38,263 lost quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), translating into direct and societal cost savings of £112,174,054 and £542,758,682, respectively. The estimated economically justifiable price at willingness-to-pay thresholds of £20,000 and £30,000 per QALY was £43 and £61, respectively, from the payer perspective and £64 and £82, respectively, from the societal perspective. Expanding to additional age groups improved the public health impact. Targeting individuals aged ≥65 years and those aged 12-64 years at high risk yields public health gains, but expansion to additional age groups provides additional gains.
Modeling the potential public health impact of different vaccination strategies with an adapted vaccine in South Africa
Creators: name: Al Akoury, Nadine
name: Spinardi, Julia
name: Haridy, Hammam
name: -Osman, Ntsiki Molefe
name: Mphahlele, Noko
name: Mendoza, Carlos Fernando
name: Yang, Jingyan
name: Aruffo, Elena
name: Kyaw, Moe H
name: Yarnoff, Ben
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: COVID-19 vaccines adapted to newly emerging circulating variants are necessary to better protect the population due to the evolving nature of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The South African population was stratified by age and risk (defined by comorbidities such as diabetes, obesity, smoking, cancer, and asthma), and HIV status. The outcomes of different vaccination strategies based on age, risk, and HIV status were estimated using a Markov-decision tree model based on age-specific inputs derived from the literature and South African surveillance data. Vaccinating older adults and those with comorbidities was estimated to avert 111,179 infections 18,281 hospitalizations, and 3,868 deaths, resulting in savings of ZAR 1,260 million (USD 67 million) and ZAR 3,205 million (USD 170 million) in direct and indirect costs, respectively. Similar results were obtained when considering strategies targeting older adults and the HIV population. Expanding vaccination to 75% of the standard-risk population prevented more infections (401%), hospitalizations (167%), and deaths (67%) and increased the direct (232%) and indirect (455%) cost savings compared to the base case. Implementing widespread vaccination strategies that utilize a vaccine adapted to the prevailing circulating variant in South Africa would result in significant public health and economic gains.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of adult pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for pneumococcal disease in Japan
Creators: name: Nakamura, Shigeki
name: Mikami, Masashi
name: Hayamizu, Tomoyuki
name: Yonemoto, Naohiro
name: Moyon, Camille
name: Gouldson, Mark
name: Crossan, Catriona
name: Vietri, Jeffrey
name: Kamei, Kazumasa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) is used in the Japanese National Immunization Program for older adults and adults with increased risk for pneumococcal disease, however, disease incidence and associated burden remain high. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) for adults aged 65 years and high-risk adults aged 60–64 years in Japan. Using a Markov model, we evaluated lifetime costs using societal and healthcare payer perspectives and estimated quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and number of prevented cases and deaths caused by invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and non-IPD. The base case analysis used a societal perspective. In comparison with PPSV23, the 20-valent PCV (PCV20) prevented 127 IPD cases 10,813 non-IPD cases (inpatients: 2,461, outpatients: 8,352) and 226 deaths, and gained more QALYs (+0.0015 per person) with less cost (-JPY22,513 per person). All sensitivity and scenario analyses including a payer perspective analysis indicated that the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were below the cost-effectiveness threshold value in Japan (JPY5 million/QALY). PCV20 is both cost saving and more effective than PPSV23 for adults aged 65 years and high-risk adults aged 60–64 years in Japan.