cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characterization of muscarinic receptor involvement in human ciliary muscle cell function
Creators: name: Pang, I. H.
name: Matsumoto, S.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: DeSantis, L.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Atropine/pharmacology
subject: Carbachol/pharmacology
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Ciliary Body/physiology
subject: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
subject: Enzyme Activation
subject: Humans
subject: Muscle Contraction/physiology
subject: Muscle, Smooth/physiology
subject: Parasympatholytics/pharmacology
subject: Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology
subject: Type C Phospholipases/metabolism

description: Muscarinic agonist-induced contraction of the ciliary muscle is generally believed to increase aqueous outflow facility and effect accommodation. We used cultured human ciliary muscle cells as a model to study the muscarinic receptor subtype(s) involved in the contractile response of the muscle. Thus, a single cell contraction assay for these muscle cells was developed. And since agonist-induced contraction of smooth muscles is expected to involve the activation of phospholipase C (PLC), we also monitored the PLC activity in these cells. Carbachol caused contraction of the muscle cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner with an estimated EC50 of 1-3 microM. The contractile effect of 100 microM carbachol was antagonized by pretreatment of atropine (1 microM) and 4DAMP (10 nM, antagonist selective for the M1 and M3 receptors) but not by pirenzepine (10 microM, antagonist selective for the M1 receptor), suggesting the involvement of the M3 but not the M1 muscarinic receptor. M3 receptor is also essential for the carbachol-induced PLC activation in the ciliary muscle cells, as indicated by the activity profiles of receptor subtype selective antagonists. For example, the stimulative effect of carbachol (EC50 = 20 microM) was antagonized by pirenzepine (pKi = 6.8), HHSiD (pKi = 7.6), 4DAMP (pKi = 9.5) and methoctramine (pKi < 6). Thus, these results indicate that an M3-like receptor subtype is essential in mediating the muscarinic agonists-induced functional changes, such as PLC activation or muscle contraction, in the ciliary muscle.
Quantum computation mediated by ancillary qudits and spin coherent states
Creators: name: Proctor, Timothy J.
name: Dooley, Shane
name: Kendon, Viv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of universal quantum computation in which the required interactions between register (computational) qubits are mediated by some ancillary system are highly relevant to experimental realisations of a quantum computer. We introduce such a universal model that employs a $d$-dimensional ancillary qudit. The ancilla-register interactions take the form of controlled displacements operators, with a displacement operator defined on the periodic and discrete lattice phase space of a qudit. We show that these interactions can implement controlled phase gates on the register by utilising geometric phases that are created when closed loops are traversed in this phase space. The extra degrees of freedom of the ancilla can be harnessed to reduce the number of operations required for certain gate sequences. In particular, we see that the computational advantages of the quantum bus (qubus) architecture, which employs a field-mode ancilla, are also applicable to this model. We then explore an alternative ancilla-mediated model which employs a spin-ensemble as the ancillary system and again the interactions with the register qubits are via controlled displacement operators, with a displacement operator defined on the Bloch sphere phase space of the spin coherent states of the ensemble. We discuss the computational advantages of this model and its relationship with the qubus architecture.
description: Minor typos and errors corrected
title: Super Luxurious Auto (A)
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Super Luxurious Auto (SLA) is a fictionalised case study based on a real engagement undertaken by Alvarez & Marsal (A&M) involving a complete financial and operational restructuring. The case is about a company unable to meet its debt obligations as a consequence of deteriorating financial performance following a global merger.The case sets up a class-room role-play discussion. In class, each student will take the role of one of the key stakeholders - senior lender, junior lender, private equity owner, distressed debt hedge fund, A&M or management. The case material includes general background material on the company and, separately, specific notes outlining the particular issues and concerns faced by each stakeholder. When preparing the case, students are required to consider the perspective of the particular stakeholder assigned to them in groups and determine the negotiation strategy. In class, the company's recent situation will be surveyed; this will then be followed by a negotiation between the stakeholders as to what to do.Students are encouraged to read all the material, including all the role briefings, but are required to pay particular attention to the general briefing notes and the specific notes for the role assigned to them.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-16-020
title: MOVE Guides (A)
Creators: name: Mullins, John
name: Putimahtama, Tiffany
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: It was a crisp autumn day in London in 2012. Brynne Kennedy and Steve Black, the co-founders of MOVE Guides, were huddling with their lead software developer, Peter Almasi, and their lead angel investor, Kevin Eyres. Their fledgling business had come a long way since its July launch, with pilot programmes underway at Amazon, Tesco and Oliver Wyman. With limited resources in terms of cash and people, they were wrestling with a crucial decision about how best to proceed with their dream of taking the hassle out of the process of corporate moves - hassle that was acutely felt not only by those moving, but also by the HR professionals tasked with administering the moves.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-19-007
Revue de l'euro | Numéro 56: "Les statistiques et l'UEM" (2022). Revue ECU/EURO, N°56 (2022)
Creators: name: Allemand, Frédéric
name: Boudet, Jean-François
Publisher: name: RESuME
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Economic and Monetary Union
subject: Union économique et monétaire
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Statistiques
subject: Eurostat

description: Bien que les données statistiques soient essentielles au bon fonctionnement de l’Union économique et monétaire (UEM), la gouvernance statistique européenne a peu attiré l’attention des responsables politiques et de la doctrine, à tout le moins jusqu’aux déclarations erronées des autorités grecques à la fin des années 2000. D’importantes leçons ont été tirées de cette expérience et des changements législatifs substantiels ont été introduits dans la législation européenne depuis 2009 – avec une mention spéciale pour le règlement cadre révisé n°223/2009 sur les statistiques européennes et le règlement n°1173/2011 qui, entre autres, attribue à Eurostat des pouvoirs d’enquête sans précédent et au Conseil le droit d’infliger des amendes aux États membres en cas de manipulation des statistiques relatives au déficit public et à la dette publique.
Untersuchungen zur Bioverfügbarkeit von Midodrin und 2,5- Dimethoxyphenyl-ß-aminoethanol-hydrochlorid [The bioavailability of midodrin and alpha-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl-beta-aminoethanol hydrochloride]
Creators: name: Grobecker, H.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Linden, M.
name: Schrader, E.
name: Welte, S.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Administration, Oral
subject: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists/metabolism
subject: Adult
subject: Biological Availability
subject: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
subject: Ethanolamines/metabolism
subject: Humans
subject: Injections, Intravenous
subject: Kinetics
subject: Male
subject: Midodrine/metabolism

description: The pharmacokinetics of midodrin (alpha-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl-beta-glycinamidoethanol hydrochloride, ST 1085) and its main metabolite ST 1059 (alpha-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl-beta-aminoethanol hydrochloride) have been investigated in 12 male healthy volunteers. 2.5 mg midodrin hydrochloride were applied intravenously, as drinking solution or as tablet (Gutron) according to a randomized cross-over design. Plasma and urine samples collected up to 24 h after application were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The mean maximum concentration in plasma for midodrin was ca. 10 ng/ml 20-30 min after oral administration, for ST 1059 ca. 5 ng/ml after 1 h. Midodrin was eliminated with a terminal half-life of 0.5 h. The half-life of ST 1059 was determined to be 3 h. The mean area under the plasma-level vs. time curve (AUC) of ST 1059 after administration of 2.5 mg midodrin i.v. was 28.7 ng X h/ml, and as drinking solution or as tablet 25.7 and 25.6 ng X h/ml, respectively. The data of 10 volunteers could be used for the calculations of the bioavailability of ST 1059 by the AUC. Assuming an interval of equivalence of 0.75-1.25 because of the relatively small number of volunteers, the three galenical formulations are considered to be equivalent.
title: easyCar (D): A New Beginning
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
name: Courty, Pascal
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In 1999, Stelios Haji-Ioannou and the easyGroup management team considered whether European car rental was a business worth entering. They had an enviable track record when it came to picking market opportunities. Could this be their next success? The case describes easyCar's entry into the European car rental market and subsequent development. It is a versatile set of cases, which can be used individually, as pairs, or as a sequence of cases starting, showing the evolution of a venture from its conception to its troubles and reincarnation. It can also be taught by focusing on one or more episodes which illustrate particular aspects the instructor is interested in.This case can be used either to introduce or recap the core elements of strategy, such as market definition, industry analysis, creating new market spaces, new business model analysis, resources and capabilities. It can also help elucidate more advanced topics; i.e., show where the value lies in the value chain and how a firm should decide its positioning and link with other firms in the ecosystem; identify the challenges with planning for growth and how that links with financial strategy; and raise the upsides and downsides of s'˜Peer-to-Peers's (P2P) models, contrasted with more traditional Business-to-Consumer (B2C) models. More importantly, easyCar can be used to help students evaluate a new business model ex ante, including the role of analogies and the promises and risks of extending a firm's capabilities, and considering adaptation when things turn out worse than expected. The case offers an applied perspective on the use of analogies in strategy formation. It highlights the role of indicators of what is or isn't working in the venture, analogical reasoning and extrapolation notwithstanding.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-05-038
Study of the heavy CP-even Higgs with mass 125 GeV in two-Higgs-doublet models at the LHC and ILC
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Han, Xiao-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We assume that the 125 GeV Higgs discovered at the LHC is the heavy CP-even Higgs of the two-Higgs-doublet models, and examine the parameter space in the Type-I, Type-II, Lepton-specific and Flipped models allowed by the latest Higgs signal data, the relevant experimental and theoretical constraints. Further, we show the projected limits on $\tanβ$, $\sin(β-α)$, $Hf\bar{f}$ and $HVV$ couplings from the future measurements of the 125 GeV Higgs at the LHC and ILC, including the LHC with integrated luminosity of 300 fb$^{-1}$ (LHC-300 fb$^{-1}$) and 3000 fb$^{-1}$ (LHC-3000 fb$^{-1}$) as well as the ILC at $\sqrt{s}=250$ GeV (ILC-250 GeV), $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV (ILC-500 GeV) and $\sqrt{s}=1000$ GeV (ILC-1000 GeV). Assuming that the future Higgs signal data have no deviation from the SM expectation, the LHC-300 fb$^{-1}$, LHC-3000 fb$^{-1}$ and ILC-1000 GeV can exclude the wrong-sign Yukawa coupling regions of the Type-II, Flipped and Lepton-specific models at the $2σ$ level, respectively. The future experiments at the LHC and ILC will constrain the Higgs couplings to be very close to SM values, especially for the $HVV$ coupling.
description: 22 pages, 3 tables, 6 figures. Version accepted for publication in JHEP
Cell cultures of human ciliary muscle: growth, ultrastructural and immunocytochemical characteristics
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Flügel, C.
name: Baur, A.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Actinin/analysis
subject: Actins/analysis
subject: Adolescent
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Aged, 80 and over
subject: Aging
subject: Cells, Cultured
subject: Ciliary Body/ultrastructure
subject: Desmin/analysis
subject: Humans
subject: Microscopy, Immunoelectron
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Vimentin/analysis

description: Primary ciliary muscle cell cultures derived from human donors (16-91 years) were established and characterized by comparing them with ciliary muscle in tissue sections using immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods. Monoclonal antibodies against desmin, vimentin, alpha-actinin, smooth muscle (sm) specific alpha-actin and von Willebrand factor were used. In tissue sections of the ciliary body, ciliary muscle cells, vascular muscle cells, pericytes, endothelial cells and fibroblasts stain for vimentin. Both types of muscle cells and the pericytes stain for alpha-sm-actin, but only ciliary muscle cells stain for desmin. For tissue cultures, explants of the meridional and partly the reticular portion of the ciliary muscle were dissected and grown directly or after digestion of the explant with collagenase. Ten primary cell cultures with a typical hill-and-valley growth pattern similar to smooth muscle cells and two with a growth pattern similar to fibroblasts were established. All cultures could be subcultured up to the fifth passage. In fibroblast-like cultures 5-10% of the cells stained for alpha-sm-actin. Staining for desmin was not observed. In smooth muscle-like cultures, all cells stained positive for alpha-sm-actin. Desmin staining was not seen in growing non-confluent smooth muscle-like cultures. In confluent cultures, about 10% of the cells stained positive for desmin, preferentially in areas where the cells had formed hills. No culture stained for von Willebrand factor. Staining for alpha-actinin in smooth muscle-like cultures showed that the dense bands of the myofilaments were arranged in register, similar to the typical ciliary muscle cell morphology seen in tissue sections. Ultrastructurally, the smooth muscle-like cultures showed the typical morphology of cultured smooth muscle cells. We conclude that the smooth muscle-like cultures consist of ciliary muscle cells.
title: Patch: Financing the Entrepreneurial Business
Creators: name: Dushnitsky, Gary
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Heading into Old Street Tube station in London on a chilly January day, Freddie's mind was racing with ideas. He had just come out from another meeting with Forward Partners, a well-known, London-based venture capital firm, and it was clear the conversation had gone well. The team at Forward Partners understood his vision and saw value in the opportunity he had identified: a personalised solution to the urban gardening market. Moreover, Forward Partners brings a unique value proposition, with a team of in-house technical and marketing experts that work closely with the entrepreneurs. But is that the right fit for him?
description: LBS Case Code: CS-18-020
title: Costa Coffee (A): A Proposal to Build the Next Generation Self-serve Espresso Bar
Creators: name: Birkinshaw, Julian
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This is part of a case series. The case focuses on how a senior executive assesses the opportunity to drive innovation in his division. Jim Slater, Managing Director of Costa Enterprises, is thinking about a management consultant's offer to build the next generation coffee machine for his division. The company's business model has historically been built on incremental improvements, but this proposal would involve a 'step change' in how new products are developed. Costa Enterprises rolls out self-service vending machines ('concessions') that deliver quality coffee to customers in areas not served by premium high street cafes. The proposal Slater is considering is to build the next generation concession. However, handing over control of such an important, venture to an outsider seems like a significant risk for Slater to take.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-13-013
No touchdown at zero points of the permittivity profile for the MEMS problem
Creators: name: Guo, Jong-Shenq
name: Souplet, Phlippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 35K55, 35B40, 35B44, Secondary 74K15, 74F15

description: We study the quenching behavior for a semilinear heat equation arising in models of micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS). The problem involves a source term with a spatially dependent potential, given by the dielectric permittivity profile, and quenching corresponds to a touchdown phenomenon. It is well known that quenching does occur. We prove that {\bf touchdown cannot occur at zero points of the permittivity profile.} In particular, we remove the assumption of compactness of the touchdown set, made in all previous work on the subject {and whose validity is unknown in most typical cases.} This answers affirmatively a conjecture made in {[\it Y. Guo, Z. Pan and M.J. Ward, SIAM J.Appl. Math {\textbf{66} (2005)}, 309--338]} on the basis of numerical evidence. The result crucially depends on a new type~I estimate of the quenching rate, that we establish. In addition we obtain some sufficient conditions for compactness of the touchdown set, without convexity assumption on the domain. These results may be of some qualitative importance in applications to MEMS optimal design, especially for devices such as micro-valves.
description: 12 pages. Typos and minor style changes. To appear in SIAM J. Math. Anal
title: The Rise and Fall of Nokia
Creators: name: Birkinshaw, Julian
name: Duke, Lisa
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: The case describes Nokia's spectacular rise and fall, shedding light on the combination of external factors and internal decisions that resulted in the company's handset business being sold to Microsoft in 2010.During the successful period of growth (roughly 1990 through to 2006), Nokia's focus on design and functionality gained it a worldwide reputation. It was acknowledged as the first smartphone manufacturer. Through the early-mid 2000s it was the undisputed leader in the global mobile phone business. The case traces the first signs of trouble and the company's subsequent decline over the period 2005 to 2010. Pressure in the early 2000s from low-end competitors led to early signs of problems. Then of course the game changed in 2007 with Apple's iPhone and a year later with phones powered by Google's Android operating system from HTC, Samsung and others. Nokia was initially dismissive of these new offerings but its proprietary OS, Symbian, was ageing badly and its App store (Ovi) was no match for Apple's. In September 2010 it was announced that American Stephen Elop, formerly of Microsoft, would become CEO. Not long afterwards a partnership with Microsoft was signed which subsequently led to Nokia's handset business being sold to Microsoft.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-11-031
Quantification and Control of non-Markovian Evolution in Finite Quantum Systems via Feedback
Creators: name: Chancellor, Nicholas
name: Petri, Christoph
name: Venuti, Lorenzo Campos
name: Levi, Anthony F. J.
name: Haas, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the unitary time evolution of continuous quantum mechanical systems confined to a cavity in contact with a finite bath of variable size. Measures for Markovianity for such finite system-bath configurations are developed in terms of Hilbert-Schmidt distances of time evolving wave packets. The relevant time scales are identified, which characterize pseudo-Markovian transient behavior, boundary scattering induced non-Markovian oscillations at intermediate times, and non-Markovian rephasing events at long time scales. It is shown how these time scales can be controlled by tunable parameters such as the bath size and the strength of the system-bath coupling.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, Revised version with text made more clear and figure 1 improved. Author names changed from initials to full first names title changed from 'Control of Pseudo-Markovian Evolution in Finite Quantum Systems via Feedback'. Title later changed to current title. Minor revision in third version at editors request
Elektronenmikroskopische und inununhistochemische Untersuchungenzur augendrucksenkenden Wirkung von Prostaglandin F2alpha [Electron microscopy and immunohistochemical studies of the intraocular pressure lowering effect of prostaglandin F2 alpha]
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Rittig, M.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Animals
subject: Ciliary Body/drug effects
subject: Collagen/analysis
subject: Dinoprost/pharmacology
subject: Immunohistochemistry
subject: Intraocular Pressure/drug effects
subject: Laminin/analysis
subject: Macaca fascicularis
subject: Microscopy, Electron

description: Topically applied prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) has been shown to lower intraocular pressure in cynomolgus monkeys. In this study the morphological changes following topical treatment of seven cynomolgus monkeys with 4 micrograms PGF2 alpha isopropylester for 5-8 days were investigated and compared with the eyes of five normal animals. Quantitative light microscopical, ultrastructural and immunhistochemical methods were used. No cellular signs of inflammation were seen in any of the eyes. Slight edema in the most anterior part of the ciliary processes occurred in most eyes, but only in parts of the circumference. The most pronounced change was dilation of the intramuscular spaces within the ciliary muscle. No changes were observed in the extracellular matrix within the muscle bundles, which consist partly of type IV and VI collagen, laminin and fibronectin. In the connective tissue between the muscle bundles, loss of collagen type I and III fibrils was observed. Additionally, macrophages were found with phagolysosomes containing phagocytized collagen fibrils. We suggest that loss of extracellular material leads to a widening of the uveoscleral outflow pathways of ciliary muscle and thereby to a reduction in intraocular pressure.
Posterior attachment of ciliary muscle in young, accommodating old, presbyopic monkeys
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
name: Jungkunz, W.
name: Rohen, J. W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Accommodation, Ocular
subject: Aging/pathology
subject: Animals
subject: Ciliary Body/ultrastructure
subject: Elastic Tissue/ultrastructure
subject: Female
subject: Macaca mulatta
subject: Male
subject: Muscle, Smooth/ultrastructure
subject: Presbyopia/pathology
subject: Tendons/ultrastructure

description: The authors studied the posterior attachment of the ciliary muscle in seven young (3-10 yr) and five old (26-34 yr) rhesus monkeys by light microscopy and electron microscopy. Posterior attachment of the muscle bundles consisted of elastic tendons, exclusively. The elastic tendons were continuous with the elastic lamina of Bruch's membrane and were also connected by smaller elastic fibers to an elastic meshwork that surrounds the pars plana vessels. In some areas, the tendons formed focal contacts with the endothelial cells. The authors found that in old eyes, the tendons and the elastic fibers of the posterior ciliary body showed pronounced structural changes. The tendons appeared thickened, showed increased amounts of associated microfibrils, and were surrounded by dense layers of thick collagen fibrils. An increased amount of collagen fibrils was also seen between the elastic layer of Bruch's membrane and the pigmented epithelium. A mechanical link between those collagen fibrils and the elastic fibers is suggested by the presence of osmiophilic points of contact. The age-related increase in elastic fibrillar material could cause decreased compliance of the posterior insertion of ciliary muscle and could be an essential factor for presbyopia in rhesus monkeys.
Long-range azimuthal correlations in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions from the incoherent scattering of partons
Creators: name: Ma, Guo-Liang
name: Bzdak, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the incoherent elastic scattering of partons, as present in a multi-phase transport model (AMPT), with a modest parton-parton cross-section of $σ=1.5 - 3$ mb, naturally explains the long-range two-particle azimuthal correlation as observed in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures; 2 new figures added, final published version
Visibility and Separability for a Declarative Linearizability Proof of the Timestamped Stack: Extended Version
Creators: name: Domínguez, Jesús
name: Nanevski, Aleksandar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.4; D.1.3

description: Linearizability is a standard correctness criterion for concurrent algorithms, typically proved by establishing the algorithms' linearization points (LP). However, LPs often hinder abstraction, and for some algorithms such as the timestamped stack, it is unclear how to even identify their LPs. In this paper, we show how to develop declarative proofs of linearizability by foregoing LPs and instead employing axiomatization of so-called visibility relations. While visibility relations have been considered before for the timestamped stack, our study is the first to show how to derive the axiomatization systematically and intuitively from the sequential specification of the stack. In addition to the visibility relation, a novel separability relation emerges to generalize real-time precedence of procedure invocation. The visibility and separability relations have natural definitions for the timestamped stack, and enable a novel proof that reduces the algorithm to a simplified form where the timestamps are generated atomically.
description: Added extra material in appendices: derivation of specifications for RDCSS, MCAS, queues and locks
title: Super Luxurious Auto (F)
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Super Luxurious Auto (SLA) is a fictionalised case study based on a real engagement undertaken by Alvarez & Marsal (A&M) involving a complete financial and operational restructuring. The case is about a company unable to meet its debt obligations as a consequence of deteriorating financial performance following a global merger.The case sets up a class-room role-play discussion. In class, each student will take the role of one of the key stakeholders - senior lender, junior lender, private equity owner, distressed debt hedge fund, A&M or management. The case material includes general background material on the company and, separately, specific notes outlining the particular issues and concerns faced by each stakeholder. When preparing the case, students are required to consider the perspective of the particular stakeholder assigned to them in groups and determine the negotiation strategy. In class, the company's recent situation will be surveyed; this will then be followed by a negotiation between the stakeholders as to what to do.Students are encouraged to read all the material, including all the role briefings, but are required to pay particular attention to the general briefing notes and the specific notes for the role assigned to them.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-16-025
Instanton Approach to Large $N$ Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber Integrals
Creators: name: Bun, Joel
name: Bouchaud, Jean-Philippe
name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Potters, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the large $N$ asymptotics of Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber integrals. We provide, using Dyson's Brownian motion and the method of instantons, an alternative, transparent derivation of the Matytsin formalism for the unitary case. Our method is easily generalized to the orthogonal and symplectic ensembles. We obtain an explicit solution of Matytsin's equations in the case of Wigner matrices, as well as a general expansion method in the dilute limit, when the spectrum of eigenvalues spreads over very wide regions.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Membrane voltage recordings in a cell line derived from human ciliary muscle
Creators: name: Korbmacher, C.
name: Helbig, H.
name: Coroneo, M.
name: Erickson-Lamy, K. A.
name: Stiemer, B.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
name: Wiederholt, M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Acetylcholine/pharmacology
subject: Actin Cytoskeleton/ultrastructure
subject: Actins/metabolism
subject: Action Potentials/drug effects
subject: Barium/pharmacology
subject: Carbachol/pharmacology
subject: Cell Line
subject: Ciliary Body/ultrastructure
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Infant, Newborn
subject: Membrane Potentials/physiology
subject: Microelectrodes
subject: Muscle, Smooth/ultrastructure
subject: Pilocarpine/pharmacology
subject: Potassium/metabolism
subject: Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/metabolism

description: A smooth muscle cell line (H7CM) was established from the ciliary muscle of a 1-day-old human infant. The cultured cells had a normal female karyotype (46 XX) and could be maintained in cell culture for at least 11 generations. A common feature of confluent cultures was the presence of abundant bundles of 6-7 nm microfilaments associated with dense bodies. Both the ultrastructural appearance and the presence of smooth muscle-specific alpha-isoactin (also present in the human ciliary muscle in situ) support the smooth muscle origin of the H7CM cell line. Continuous membrane voltage (Vm) recordings were obtained in confluent monolayers of H7CM cells using glass microelectrodes. Resting Vm in 105 impalements averaged -66.2 +/- 0.7 mV (mean +/- standard error of the mean). In this system, rapid membrane transients induced by changing of the superfusing test solutions were detectable. Relative K+ conductance was characterized, and the contribution of electrogenic sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase to Vm was investigated. Under control conditions, H7CM cells were electrically quiescent. However, action potentials could be induced by application of 10 mM barium. Barium-induced action potentials were not abolished by removal of extracellular Na+ nor were they inhibited by the presence of tetrodotoxin. However, they were blocked by verapamil, fulfilling criteria believed to be typical for smooth muscle cells. Acetylcholine, carbachol, and to a lesser extent pilocarpine induced a reversible Vm depolarization. The effect of acetylcholine was blocked by atropine, implying muscarinic receptor involvement in the Vm response. Collectively, these findings show the potential usefulness of cultured ciliary muscle cells in understanding further the cellular mechanisms underlying drug-induced contraction of the human ciliary muscle.
The challenges Indonesian oil palm smallholders face when replanting becomes necessary, and how they can be supported – a review
Creators: name: Petri, Heinrich
name: Hendrawan, Dienda
name: Bähr, Tobias
name: Asnawi, Rosyani
name: Mußhoff, Oliver
name: Wollni, Meike
name: Faust, Heiko
Publisher: name: SFB 990, University of Göttingen
Year: 2022
Subjects: livelihood
oil palm
replanting
smallholder

description: Three decades after the establishment of many smallholder oil palm plantations, large areas of oil palm will require replanting soon or are already overmatured. The process of replanting offers a unique opportunity to redesign plantations, close yield gaps, boost productivity and therefore secure income and livelihoods, but requires knowledge, inputs and financing. If postponed or done incorrectly, replanting could further exacerbate existing challenges in smallholder oil palm cultivation, both socioeconomic and environmental. In this review, we collect relevant literature on replanting of oil palm, especially in the realm of smallholder cultivation, to highlight the challenges smallholders will face when replanting. We find that access to inputs, finances and know-how differ greatly between groups of smallholders. This will likely affect smallholder’s decisions when, how and what to replant. Information on replanting, proper training, access to high-quality seedlings as well as eligibility for public replanting funds will determine the success of smallholder replanting efforts in Indonesia but are distributed unevenly currently. We finish the review with recommendations for both policy-makers and researchers on how to overcome the challenges replanting holds and capitalize on the opportunity replanting offers rather than exacerbating existing issues
description: EFForTS Discussion Paper Series ; 36
Tugas Hukum Tata Negara - The Problem Posed by a Large State
Creators: name: Sari, Silvi Fatika
name: Yanti Permata Sari
name: Arifiah Nurinda
name: Oktaviano Parulian
name: Abrar, Atallah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Tugas Kelompok Hukum Tata Negara Kelas S - Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya The Problem Posed by a Large State Diadopsi dari buku The Constitution of Ancient China oleh Su Li
Increase in types IV and VI collagen in cherry haemangiomas
Creators: name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Jungkunz, W.
name: Marsch, W. C.
name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Adult
subject: Collagen/analysis
subject: Hemangioma/ultrastructure
subject: Humans
subject: Hyaluronic Acid/analysis
subject: Immunohistochemistry
subject: Laminin/analysis
subject: Middle Aged
subject: Skin Neoplasms/ultrastructure

description: The capillaries in cherry haemangiomas show perivascular hyalinized sheaths. In order to clarify the nature of this sheath material, the extracellular matrix of cherry haemangiomas from 20 normal volunteers (age range 30-64 years) was investigated using immunohistochemical and electronmicroscopical methods. Antibodies against collagen types III, IV and VI and laminin were used. Hyaluronic acid was visualized using the hyaluronic acid binding region of the cartilage proteoglycan as ligand. Electronmicroscopically, the sheaths contained multilaminated basement membrane-like material, collagen fibres 20-25 nm thick with a periodicity of 67 nm and broad-banded aggregates with a periodicity of 100 nm (zebra bodies or fibrous long-spacing fibres). Immunohistochemically, type IV collagen was stained throughout the whole sheath material. Staining for laminin was more confined to the endothelial side of the sheath. Intense staining for type III collagen and hyaluronic acid was found in the connective tissue of the subpapillary layer and between the cherry haemangioma capillaries. Much weaker staining for type III collagen and no staining for hyaluronic acid were found invariably in an area 4-10 microns thick directly around the capillaries. Both sheath material and intercapillary connective tissue of the haemangiomas showed pronounced staining for collagen type VI. Immunogold staining revealed that type VI collagen was localized to microfibrils 5-6 nm thick and to the broad-banded aggregates with 100 nm periodicity. These findings further underline the assumption that the broad-banded aggregates consist of type VI collagen.
Towards Ubiquitous Semantic Metaverse: Challenges, Approaches, and Opportunities
Creators: name: Li, Kai
name: Lau, Billy Pik Lik
name: Yuan, Xin
name: Ni, Wei
name: Guizani, Mohsen
name: Yuen, Chau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, ubiquitous semantic Metaverse has been studied to revolutionize immersive cyber-virtual experiences for augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) users, which leverages advanced semantic understanding and representation to enable seamless, context-aware interactions within mixed-reality environments. This survey focuses on the intelligence and spatio-temporal characteristics of four fundamental system components in ubiquitous semantic Metaverse, i.e., artificial intelligence (AI), spatio-temporal data representation (STDR), semantic Internet of Things (SIoT), and semantic-enhanced digital twin (SDT). We thoroughly survey the representative techniques of the four fundamental system components that enable intelligent, personalized, and context-aware interactions with typical use cases of the ubiquitous semantic Metaverse, such as remote education, work and collaboration, entertainment and socialization, healthcare, and e-commerce marketing. Furthermore, we outline the opportunities for constructing the future ubiquitous semantic Metaverse, including scalability and interoperability, privacy and security, performance measurement and standardization, as well as ethical considerations and responsible AI. Addressing those challenges is important for creating a robust, secure, and ethically sound system environment that offers engaging immersive experiences for the users and AR/VR applications.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables. Accepted to IEEE Internet of Things Journal (to appear)
title: easyCar (A)
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
name: Courty, Pascal
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In 1999, Stelios Haji-Ioannou and the easyGroup management team considered whether European car rental was a business worth entering. They had an enviable track record when it came to picking market opportunities. Could this be their next success? The case describes easyCar's entry into the European car rental market and subsequent development. It is a versatile set of cases, which can be used individually, as pairs, or as a sequence of cases starting, showing the evolution of a venture from its conception to its troubles and reincarnation. It can also be taught by focusing on one or more episodes which illustrate particular aspects the instructor is interested in.This case can be used either to introduce or recap the core elements of strategy, such as market definition, industry analysis, creating new market spaces, new business model analysis, resources and capabilities. It can also help elucidate more advanced topics; i.e., show where the value lies in the value chain and how a firm should decide its positioning and link with other firms in the ecosystem; identify the challenges with planning for growth and how that links with financial strategy; and raise the upsides and downsides of s'˜Peer-to-Peers's (P2P) models, contrasted with more traditional Business-to-Consumer (B2C) models. More importantly, easyCar can be used to help students evaluate a new business model ex ante, including the role of analogies and the promises and risks of extending a firm's capabilities, and considering adaptation when things turn out worse than expected. The case offers an applied perspective on the use of analogies in strategy formation. It highlights the role of indicators of what is or isn't working in the venture, analogical reasoning and extrapolation notwithstanding.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-03-027
Persistent currents in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate confined in a ring potential
Creators: name: Smyrnakis, J.
name: Magiropoulos, M.
name: Efremidis, Nikolaos K.
name: Kavoulakis, G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present variational and numerical solutions for the problem of stability of persistent currents in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate of distinguishable atoms which rotate in a ring potential. We consider the general class of solutions of constant density in the two components separately, thus providing an alternative approach of the solution of the same problem given recently by Zhigang Wu and Eugene Zaremba [Phys. Rev. A {\bf 88}, 063640 (2013)]. Our approach provides a physically transparent solution of this delicate problem. Finally, we give a unified and simple picture of the lowest-energy state of the system for large values of the coupling.
description: Published version
title: Military Contracting in a War Zone: Bill
Creators: name: Moore, Celia
name: Nguyen, Quang
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This is part of a case series. This case takes two perspectives on the same set of case facts about a military logistics supplier gone wrong: one from the perspective of the Department of Defense contractor ('Bill') and one from the perspective of the Kuwaiti-based supplier ('Rohit'). The case develops fictional characters to help elicit class discussion and teaching opportunities on issues of (1) how difficult it is to manage complicated ethical issues across national and cultural boundaries, and in stressful environments such as regions embroiled in military conflict, (2) how these contexts elicit in-group favouritism and out-group biases, and (3) how overcoming these limitations in global environments requires expanding one's circle of moral regard. The case involves fictional characters but the content of the case is based on publicly available information about Agility Corporation, a Kuwaiti-based supplier of food and transport for the US Department of Defense who has been indicted for fraud.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-12-013
title: citizenM: Radical innovation in the hotel industry
Creators: name: Vermeulen, Freek
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In 2008, a group of five entrepreneurs and executives teamed up to launch an innovative hotel chain into what seemed like a highly competitive industry. Rattan Chadha, the founder of fashion company MEXX and Michael Levie, a hotel industry veteran, teamed up with Hans Meyer, a hotel development specialist, Campagne corporate strategist Klaas van Lookeren, and architect and interior designer Rob Wagemans to launch the new concept. They took a different approach to innovation in the hospitality sector. Instead of trying to invent few features - products and services - with which to attract a broad range of customers, they innovated by removing what they believed to be features that were not attractive to a core consumer target: tech-savvy, mobile travellers. The citizenM case details the differences between this new hotel concept and the typical features offered by luxury and high-to mid-range hotels. Each aspect of the customer-facing experience and behind-the-scenes operating model is discussed and defined. It describes the tight fit between all aspects of citizenM's innovative business model, ranging from the location of their hotels, their construction, the facilities (and absence there-off), staffing, operations, and marketing. The case ends by outlining citizenM's prospects as the leadership team looks to grow their new concept.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-18-011
Visualization of hyaluronic acid in the anterior segment of rabbit and monkey eyes
Creators: name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
name: Schenholm, M.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Tengblad, A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Animals
subject: Anterior Eye Segment/analysis
subject: Histocytochemistry
subject: Hyaluronic Acid/analysis
subject: Macaca fascicularis
subject: Rabbits

description: Hyaluronic acid was visualized using a new histochemical technique: the hyaluronic acid-binding region of the cartilage proteoglycan was isolated, linked with biotin and used in histological sections as a ligand for hyaluronic acid. Staining was performed using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase technique. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the anterior segments of rabbit and monkey eyes was studied in fresh-frozen, as well as in fixed paraffin sections; addition of cetyl-pyridinium chloride to the fixative was essential. In both species intense staining was seen in the stroma of the conjunctiva, the connective tissue of the ciliary processes, and on the apical membranes of the corneal endothelium. Species differences were observed in both conventional and unconventional outflow pathways. In rabbits, the tissue located directly adjacent to the aqueous plexus and the connective tissue surrounding the poorly developed ciliary muscle were stained. In monkeys, only the anterior, non-filtering part of the trabecular meshwork and the outer wall of Schlemm's canal showed intense staining in paraffin sections. In frozen sections, the inner wall (cribriform region of the trabecular meshwork) was also stained. The spaces between the anterior part of the ciliary muscle bundles remained almost unstained.