cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Thermal melting of density waves on the square lattice
Creators: name: Del Maestro, Adrian
name: Sachdev, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the theory of the effect of thermal fluctuations on commensurate "p x p" density wave ordering on the square lattice (p >= 3, integer). For the case in which this order is lost by a second order transition, we argue that the adjacent state is generically an incommensurate striped state, with commensurate p-periodic long range order along one direction, and incommensurate quasi-long-range order along the orthogonal direction. We also present the routes by which the fully disordered high temperature state can be reached. For p=4, and at special commensurate densities, the "4 x 4" commensurate state can melt directly into the disordered state via a self-dual critical point with non-universal exponents.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Designing Digital Voting Systems for Citizens: Achieving Fairness and Legitimacy in Participatory Budgeting
Creators: name: Yang, Joshua C.
name: Hausladen, Carina I.
name: Peters, Dominik
name: Pournaras, Evangelos
name: Fricker, Regula Hänggli
name: Helbing, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: H.5.3; J.4; K.4.3; I.2.11; F.2.0
subject: 91B14

description: Participatory Budgeting (PB) has evolved into a key democratic instrument for resource allocation in cities. Enabled by digital platforms, cities now have the opportunity to let citizens directly propose and vote on urban projects, using different voting input and aggregation rules. However, the choices cities make in terms of the rules of their PB have often not been informed by academic studies on voter behaviour and preferences. Therefore, this work presents the results of behavioural experiments where participants were asked to vote in a fictional PB setting. We identified approaches to designing PB voting that minimise cognitive load and enhance the perceived fairness and legitimacy of the digital process from the citizens' perspective. In our study, participants preferred voting input formats that are more expressive (like rankings and distributing points) over simpler formats (like approval voting). Participants also indicated a desire for the budget to be fairly distributed across city districts and project categories. Participants found the Method of Equal Shares voting rule to be fairer than the conventional Greedy voting rule. These findings offer actionable insights for digital governance, contributing to the development of fairer and more transparent digital systems and collective decision-making processes for citizens.
description: Under review in ACM Digital Government: Research and Practice
Disorder, spin-orbit, and interaction effects in dilute ${\rm Ga}_{1-x}{\rm Mn}_x{\rm As}$
Creators: name: Fiete, Gregory A.
name: Zarand, Gergely
name: Damle, Kedar
name: Moca, C. Pascu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an effective Hamiltonian for ${\rm Ga}_{1-x}{\rm Mn}_x {\rm As}$ in the dilute limit, where ${\rm Ga}_{1-x}{\rm Mn}_x {\rm As}$ can be described in terms of spin $F=3/2$ polarons hopping between the {\rm Mn} sites and coupled to the local {\rm Mn} spins. We determine the parameters of our model from microscopic calculations using both a variational method and an exact diagonalization within the so-called spherical approximation. Our approach treats the extremely large Coulomb interaction in a non-perturbative way, and captures the effects of strong spin-orbit coupling and Mn positional disorder. We study the effective Hamiltonian in a mean field and variational calculation, including the effects of interactions between the holes at both zero and finite temperature. We study the resulting magnetic properties, such as the magnetization and spin disorder manifest in the generically non-collinear magnetic state. We find a well formed impurity band fairly well separated from the valence band up to $x_{\rm active} \lesssim 0.015$ for which finite size scaling studies of the participation ratios indicate a localization transition, even in the presence of strong on-site interactions, where $x_{\rm active}
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
Why did the People’s Development Bank of Mozambique fail? Lessons from successful government development banks from Asia and Africa
Creators: name: Manganhele, Anina Trefina
name: Manganhele, Anina Trefina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: smallholder farmers
subject: access to agricultural credit
subject: government intervention
subject: Mozambique and other developing countries

description: Despite many decades of experimentation with supplier-led approaches to credit in many developing countries, limited success has been achieved in terms of improving access to credit for smallholder farmers. In the case of Mozambique, previous attempts by government to improve access to credit for farmers were not successful and the government is looking for more effective strategies. The purpose of this study is to examine experiences in other developing countries in Africa and Asia. The study is a multiple case studies selected from Zimbabwe, Thailand and Indonesia. The data collection method comprised a combination of primary collected through in-depth interviews with key informants and secondary sources. The data analysis techniques consisted of searching for themes regarding successful strategies in terms of dealing with costs and risks of lending to agriculture. Lessons from these cases were drawn to shed light on what the most effective intervention strategy for the Government of Mozambique could entail if it is to succeed to improve access to credit for smallholder farmers. The study concludes that an alternative strategy by the government to improve access to credit for smallholder farmers includes the re-establishment of a public rural bank. The study recommends that rural financial institutions should adopt a demand-driven approach, and the fundos do fomento (special development funds) need to be reformed.
Changing teachers’ beliefs and pedagogical practices
Creators: name: Carr, Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of the study was to document, over an extended period of time, the transformative processes that dialogue, conversation, reflection and documentation can provide for early childhood teachers as they bring their thoughts from taken-for-granted assumptions to explicit affirmations about their beliefs and pedagogical practices. A sample of three teachers, an early childhood education student and a pedagogista participated in two locations. They had all been involved in a local knowledge community exploring the substantive professional ideas of the Reggio Emilia Approach where respect for the image of the child as rich, strong and powerful is fundamental to preparing an environment that acts as a third educator. The practice of pedagogic documentation can help make teachers' thought processes about change visible and open for discussion. After attending a conference on Reggio Emilia practices in August, the volunteers participated in the study until April 2003. As participant observer in this ethnographic field study, I gathered observations and carried out discussions and interviews with the teachers, student and pedagogista. The teachers maintained journals. I made field notes and kept a journal. The pedagogista engaged with the teachers in a community of learners as they questioned their beliefs and decisions about practice. Together they began to co-construct environments that reflected changing images of children and themselves. Provocations, disturbances and 'cracks', that is, the location or opportunity for teachers to stop, listen and observe and then negotiate a plan that suits the group interest, provided opportunities for change in both beliefs and practices. Listening, in particular, energized the teachers' professional artistry, that is, the tacit dimension that connects practical wisdom and decision-making in living practice.
STOCHASTIC EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE BASIC MAIZE MARKETING STRATEGIES
Creators: name: Strydom, D.B.
name: Grove, Bennie
name: Kruger, Y.
name: Willemse, B.J.
name: Strydom, D.B.
name: Grove, Bennie
name: Kruger, Y.
name: Willemse, B.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Marketing strategies
subject: futures
subject: options
subject: SERF

description: The use of modern marketing strategies to minimize risk exposure is not a widely adopted practice under maize producers. The producers tend to use high risk strategies which include the selling of the crop on the cash market after harvested; while the current market requires innovative strategies including the use of Futures and Options as traded on SAFEX. However, due to a lack of interest and knowledge of producers understanding of modern, complicated strategies the study illustrates by using a SERF and CDF that the use of three basic strategies namely a Put-, Twelve-segment-, Three-segment- can be more rewarding. These strategies can be adopted by farmers without an in-depth understanding of the market and market-signals. The results obtained from the study illustrates that producers who tend to be more risk neutral would prefer using the Twelve-segment- or Spot-strategy while a risk averse producer would prefer the Three-segment-, or Put-strategy. It also indicates that no strategy can be labelled as the all-time best and that the choice between strategies depends on risk adverse characteristics of the producer. The purpose of the study is to prove that the adoption of a basic strategy is better than adopting no strategy at all and to convince producers to reconsider the adoption of modern marketing strategies.
Implications of a new particle from the HyperCP data on Σ^+ \to p μ^+ μ^-
Creators: name: He, Xiao-Gang
name: Tandean, Jusak
name: Valencia, German
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HyperCP collaboration has recently reported the observation of three events for the decay Σ^+ \to p mu^+ mu^- with an invariant mass m_{μ^+μ^-} for a muon and an anti-muon pair of \sim 214 MeV. They suggest that a new particle state X may be needed to explain the observed m_{μ^+μ^_} distribution. Motivated by this result, we study the properties of such a hypothetical particle. We first use K^+ \to pi^+ μ^+μ^- data to conclude that X cannot be a scalar or a vector particle. We then collect existing constraints on a pseudo-scalar or axial vector X and find that these possibilities are still allowed as explanations for the HyperCP data. Finally we assume that the HyperCP data is indeed explained by a new pseudo-scalar or axial vector particle and use this to predict enhanced rates for K_L \to π^+π^- X \to π^+π^-μ^+μ^- and Ω^- to Ξ^- X \to Ξ^- μ^+μ^-.
description: RevTex 10 pages. Typos corrected and references added
Studies of beam offset due to beam-beam interactions at a warm linear collider
Creators: name: Delerue, Nicolas
name: Tauchi, Toshiaki
name: Yokoya, Kaoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At a warm linear collider the short time interval at which bunches will pass near each other in the interaction region may lead to significant alteration of the bunches positions. In this paper we quantify the intensity of this effect and show that it can be addressed by a fast intra-pulse feedback system.
description: 16 pages; To be submitted to Phys. Rev. Special Topics, Accelerators and Beams. Updated following the referee's comments
Optimizing Voluntary Deforestation Policy in the Face of Adverse Selection and Costly Transfers
Creators: name: Van Benthem, Arthur A.
name: Kerr, Suzi
name: Van Benthem, Arthur A.
name: Kerr, Suzi
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Voluntary opt-in
subject: adverse selection
subject: deforestation
subject: offsets
subject: emissions trading
subject: REDD

description: As part of international climate change policy, voluntary opt-in programs to reduce emissions in unregulated sectors or countries have spurred considerable discussion. Since any regulator will make errors in predicting baselines, adverse selection will reduce efficiency since participants will self-select into the program. In contrast, pure subsidies lead to full participation but require large financial transfers; this is a particular challenge across countries. A global social planner facing costless transfers would choose such a subsidy to maximize efficiency. However, any actual policy needs to be individually rational for both the buying (industrialized) and selling (developing) country. We present a simple model to analyze this trade-off between adverse selection and infra-marginal transfers. The model leads to the following findings. First, extending the scale of voluntary programs both improves efficiency and reduces transfers. Second, the set of individually rational and Pareto efficient policies typically features a combination of credit discounting and stringent assigned baselines which reduce efficiency. Third, if the industrialized countries can be persuaded to be more generous, the feasible policy set can come close to the globally efficient policy to avoid deforestation.
Benchmarking Unsupervised Outlier Detection with Realistic Synthetic Data
Creators: name: Steinbuss, Georg
name: Böhm, Klemens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Benchmarking unsupervised outlier detection is difficult. Outliers are rare, and existing benchmark data contains outliers with various and unknown characteristics. Fully synthetic data usually consists of outliers and regular instance with clear characteristics and thus allows for a more meaningful evaluation of detection methods in principle. Nonetheless, there have only been few attempts to include synthetic data in benchmarks for outlier detection. This might be due to the imprecise notion of outliers or to the difficulty to arrive at a good coverage of different domains with synthetic data. In this work we propose a generic process for the generation of data sets for such benchmarking. The core idea is to reconstruct regular instances from existing real-world benchmark data while generating outliers so that they exhibit insightful characteristics. This allows both for a good coverage of domains and for helpful interpretations of results. We also describe three instantiations of the generic process that generate outliers with specific characteristics, like local outliers. A benchmark with state-of-the-art detection methods confirms that our generic process is indeed practical.
Robust Multimodal Learning with Missing Modalities via Parameter-Efficient Adaptation
Creators: name: Reza, Md Kaykobad
name: Prater-Bennette, Ashley
name: Asif, M. Salman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multimodal learning seeks to utilize data from multiple sources to improve the overall performance of downstream tasks. It is desirable for redundancies in the data to make multimodal systems robust to missing or corrupted observations in some correlated modalities. However, we observe that the performance of several existing multimodal networks significantly deteriorates if one or multiple modalities are absent at test time. To enable robustness to missing modalities, we propose a simple and parameter-efficient adaptation procedure for pretrained multimodal networks. In particular, we exploit modulation of intermediate features to compensate for the missing modalities. We demonstrate that such adaptation can partially bridge performance drop due to missing modalities and outperform independent, dedicated networks trained for the available modality combinations in some cases. The proposed adaptation requires extremely small number of parameters (e.g., fewer than 1% of the total parameters) and applicable to a wide range of modality combinations and tasks. We conduct a series of experiments to highlight the missing modality robustness of our proposed method on five different multimodal tasks across seven datasets. Our proposed method demonstrates versatility across various tasks and datasets, and outperforms existing methods for robust multimodal learning with missing modalities.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence (TPAMI). 28 pages, 6 figures, 17 tables
Beyond Myopia: Learning from Positive and Unlabeled Data through Holistic Predictive Trends
Creators: name: Wang, Xinrui
name: Wan, Wenhai
name: Geng, Chuanxin
name: LI, Shaoyuan
name: Chen, Songcan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Learning binary classifiers from positive and unlabeled data (PUL) is vital in many real-world applications, especially when verifying negative examples is difficult. Despite the impressive empirical performance of recent PUL methods, challenges like accumulated errors and increased estimation bias persist due to the absence of negative labels. In this paper, we unveil an intriguing yet long-overlooked observation in PUL: \textit{resampling the positive data in each training iteration to ensure a balanced distribution between positive and unlabeled examples results in strong early-stage performance. Furthermore, predictive trends for positive and negative classes display distinctly different patterns.} Specifically, the scores (output probability) of unlabeled negative examples consistently decrease, while those of unlabeled positive examples show largely chaotic trends. Instead of focusing on classification within individual time frames, we innovatively adopt a holistic approach, interpreting the scores of each example as a temporal point process (TPP). This reformulates the core problem of PUL as recognizing trends in these scores. We then propose a novel TPP-inspired measure for trend detection and prove its asymptotic unbiasedness in predicting changes. Notably, our method accomplishes PUL without requiring additional parameter tuning or prior assumptions, offering an alternative perspective for tackling this problem. Extensive experiments verify the superiority of our method, particularly in a highly imbalanced real-world setting, where it achieves improvements of up to $11.3\%$ in key metrics. The code is available at \href{https://github.com/wxr99/HolisticPU}{https://github.com/wxr99/HolisticPU}.
description: 25 pages
qeirreps: an open-source program for Quantum ESPRESSO to compute irreducible representations of Bloch wavefunctions
Creators: name: Matsugatani, Akishi
name: Ono, Seishiro
name: Nomura, Yusuke
name: Watanabe, Haruki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bloch wavefunctions in solids form a representation of crystalline symmetries. Recent studies revealed that symmetry representations in band structure can be used to diagnose the topological properties of weakly interacting materials. In this work, we introduce an open-source program qeirreps that computes the representation characters in a band structure based on the output file of Quantum ESPRESSO. Our program also calculates the Z4 index, i.e., the sum of inversion parities at all time-reversal invariant momenta, for materials with inversion symmetry. When combined with the symmetry indicator method, this program can be used to explore new topological materials.
description: 43 pages, 6 figures, for associated program files, see https://github.com/qeirreps/qeirreps
Sociality in the North African small carpenter bee, Ceratina albosticta
Creators: name: Mikát, Michael
name: Rehan, Sandra M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310301
subject: Behavioural ecology
classificationCode: 310405
subject: Evolutionary ecology

description: Small carpenter bees (genus Ceratina) are excellent taxa for studying early stages of social evolution, as they have high within and between species variability in social and parental behavior. Most species of Ceratina studied are facultatively social, with solitary and social nests in sympatry. Here we examined the nesting and social biology of Ceratina albosticta from populations on the edge of the Sahara Desert in Morocco. Although the majority of nests were solitary, social colonies were relatively common and occurred in 16% of nests. Social nests typically contained two females, however, nests possessing up to four females were also detected. Two female nests contained four times more offspring on average than solitary nests; therefore, their nest productivity per female was two times higher than in solitary nests. Social nests contained females of similar body size, but the female with larger ovarian development also exhibited greater wing wear. Ovarian dissections and wing wear data suggests that one female performs foraging and reproduction tasks, while the other female serves as a guard. The brood productivity of this facultatively social bee suggests a benefit to social nesting in this species. Moreover, the division of labor observed is most like other Xylocopinae bees with some females monopolizing foraging and reproduction while other remain on the nest as a guard. This is unlike the more traditional queen and worker roles found in the corbiculate and halictid bees, but an interesting and relatively understudied independent origin of eusociality.
Axion and neutrino bounds improved with new calibrations of the tip of the red-giant branch using geometric distance determinations
Creators: name: Capozzi, Francesco
name: Raffelt, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The brightness of the tip of the red-giant branch (TRGB) allows one to constrain novel energy losses that would lead to a larger core mass at helium ignition and thus to a brighter TRGB than expected by standard stellar models. The required absolute TRGB calibrations strongly improve with reliable geometric distances that have become available for the galaxy NGC 4258 that hosts a water megamaser and to the Large Magellanic Cloud based on 20 detached eclipsing binaries. Moreover, we revise a previous TRGB calibration in the globular cluster $ω$ Centauri with a recent kinematical distance determination based on Gaia DR2 data. All of these calibrations have similar uncertainties and they agree with each other and with recent dedicated stellar models. Using NGC 4258 as the cleanest extra-galactic case, we thus find an updated constraint on the axion-electron coupling of $g_{ae}<1.6\times10^{-13}$ and $μ_ν<1.5\times10^{-12}μ_{\rm B}$ (95\% CL) on a possible neutrino dipole moment, whereas $ω$ Centauri as the best galactic target provides instead $g_{ae}<1.3\times10^{-13}$ and $μ_ν<1.2\times10^{-12}μ_{\rm B}$. The reduced observational errors imply that stellar evolution theory and bolometric corrections begin to dominate the overall uncertainties.
description: Corrected a typo in Eq. (11) concerning the extinction of Omega-Centauri
Distributed Evolution Strategies with Multi-Level Learning for Large-Scale Black-Box Optimization
Creators: name: Duan, Qiqi
name: Shao, Chang
name: Zhou, Guochen
name: Zhang, Minghan
name: Zhao, Qi
name: Shi, Yuhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the post-Moore era, main performance gains of black-box optimizers are increasingly depending on parallelism, especially for large-scale optimization (LSO). Here we propose to parallelize the well-established covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) and in particular its one latest LSO variant called limited-memory CMA-ES (LM-CMA). To achieve efficiency while approximating its powerful invariance property, we present a multilevel learning-based meta-framework for distributed LM-CMA. Owing to its hierarchically organized structure, Meta-ES is well-suited to implement our distributed meta-framework, wherein the outer-ES controls strategy parameters while all parallel inner-ESs run the serial LM-CMA with different settings. For the distribution mean update of the outer-ES, both the elitist and multi-recombination strategy are used in parallel to avoid stagnation and regression, respectively. To exploit spatiotemporal information, the global step-size adaptation combines Meta-ES with the parallel cumulative step-size adaptation. After each isolation time, our meta-framework employs both the structure and parameter learning strategy to combine aligned evolution paths for CMA reconstruction. Experiments on a set of large-scale benchmarking functions with memory-intensive evaluations, arguably reflecting many data-driven optimization problems, validate the benefits (e.g., effectiveness w.r.t. solution quality, and adaptability w.r.t. second-order learning) and costs of our meta-framework.
An Overabundance of Transient X-ray Binaries within 1 pc of the Galactic Center
Creators: name: Muno, M. P.
name: Pfahl, E.
name: Baganoff, F. K.
name: Brandt, W. N.
name: Ghez, A.
name: Lu, J.
name: Morris, M. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During five years of Chandra observations, we have identified seven X-ray transients located within 23 pc of Sgr A*. These sources each vary in luminosity by more than a factor of 10, and have peak X-ray luminosities greater than 5e33 erg/s, which strongly suggests that they are accreting black holes or neutron stars. The peak luminosities of the transients are intermediate between those typically considered outburst and quiescence for X-ray binaries. Remarkably four of these transients lie within only 1 pc of Sgr A*. This implies that, compared to the numbers of similar systems located between 1 and 23 pc, transients are over-abundant by a factor of 20 per unit stellar mass within 1 pc of Sgr A*. It is likely that the excess transient X-ray sources are low-mass X-ray binaries that were produced, as in the cores of globular clusters, by three-body interactions between binary star systems and either black holes or neutron stars that have been concentrated in the central parsec through dynamical friction. Alternatively, they could be high-mass X-ray binaries that formed among the young stars that are present in the central parsec.
description: 4 pages, including 2 figures (one color). Submitted to ApJ Letters
Seasonal Asymmetric Price Transmission in Ghanaian Tomato Markets: Adapting Johansen’s Estimation Method
Creators: name: Amikuzuno, Joseph
name: Ihle, Rico
name: Amikuzuno, Joseph
name: Ihle, Rico
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: asymmetric price transmission
subject: cointegration
subject: Ghana
subject: regime-dependent model
subject: seasonality
subject: tomato
subject: vector error-correction model

description: We assess market integration and price transmission of perishable agricultural produce in Sub-Saharan Africa by studying Ghanaian tomato markets which are characterized by pronounced seasonality in production and trade flows. We analyse the tomato markets of Ghana by simultaneously regarding its five most important markets, Navrongo, Techiman, Kumasi, Tamale and Accra, in a multivariate asymmetric price transmission framework. The estimation of the model is based on a unique dataset and on a modified version of the Johansen estimation procedure which is suitable for estimating such multivariate models. We estimate the price transmission parameters for four regimes which are a combination of the seasonal patterns in trade flows and asymmetries in the longrun price equilibrium between the most important production region (Techiman) and the most important consumption centre for tomatoes (Accra). We find strong evidence for integration of the five markets. In general, price transmission appears to be fast. Disequilibria mainly trigger price responses in the two production regions of Navrongo and Techiman. The regimes are found to matter for the whole system of tomato markets. Disequilibrium is shown to spillover between the price relationships. Consequently, tomato markets in Ghana appear to be integrated and function very well since price signals are rapidly passed through the country.
Additional file 1 of Associations of linoleic acid with markers of glucose metabolism and liver function in South African adults
Creators: name: Pertiwi, Kamalita
name: Küpers, Leanne K.
name: Geleijnse, Johanna M.
name: Zock, Peter L.
name: Wanders, Anne J.
name: Herculina S. Kruger
name: Tertia Van Zyl
name: Iolanthé M. Kruger
name: Smuts, Cornelius M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry

description: Additional file 1 Table S1. Characteristics of patients in the subsample of participants with available liver enzyme values. Table S2. Baseline characteristics of participants by locality. Table S3. Spearman’s correlations of selected food groups and circulating linoleic acid. Table S4. Results from stratified analyses for associations of circulating LA with markers of liver function. Table S5. Sensitivity analyses for the cross-sectional association of dietary and circulating LA with outcomes, including only participants without high alcohol intake (n = 533). Table S6. Sensitivity analyses for the cross-sectional association of dietary and circulating LA with outcomes, including only participants without indication of alcohol abuse (n = 540). Table S7. Sensitivity analyses for the cross-sectional association of dietary and circulating LA with outcomes, including only participants with normal plasma glucose (n = 577). Figure S1. Flow chart of selection of participants. Figure S2. Circulating LA across tertiles of LA intake in total sample (A) and in subgroups of sex (B), age (C), obesity (D), fasting plasma glucose (E) and alcohol intake (F).
Spectral effects on the energy harvesting efficiency of 2- and 4-terminal tandem photovoltaics
Creators: name: Witteck, Robert
name: Geisz, John. F.
name: Warren, Emily. L.
name: McMahon, William. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we investigate how a varying spectral irradiance and top cell bandgap affect the energy yield of 2T and 4T perovskite//silicon tandem solar cells under outdoor operating conditions. For the comparison, we first validate an optoelectronic model employing a 1-year outdoor data set for a 4T mechanical stacked GaAs on Silicon tandem device. We then use our verified model to simulate perovskite//silicon tandem devices with a varying perovskite top cell bandgap for a location in Golden, Colorado, USA. We introduce a spectral binning method to efficiently reduce and improve the visualization of the 1-min-resolved environmental data while maintaining the simulation accuracy. Our findings reveal that, for a device that is current-matched under standard testing conditions, the annual spectral deviation reduces the energy harvesting efficiency by only 2%$_\mathrm{rel}$. When additional realistic losses for the 4T are taken into account, 2T devices are shown to have an energy-harvesting efficiency that is at parity or higher. Deviations in the top cell bandgap of more than 0.1 eV from current matching result in a reduced energy-harvesting efficiency of more than 5%$_\mathrm{rel}$ for the 2T tandem device.
description: submitted to RRL
Additional file 1 of Widening or narrowing income inequalities in myocardial infarction? Time trends in life years free of myocardial infarction and after incidence
Creators: name: Tetzlaff, Juliane
name: Tetzlaff, Fabian
name: Geyer, Siegfried
name: Sperlich, Stefanie
name: Epping, Jelena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Observed and predicted hazard rates of (a) incidence of myocardial infarction, (b) death without myocardial infarction, and (c) death after myocardial infarction for men of the low-income group (≤60% of the average income in Germany, left) and of the higher-income group (>60% of the average income in Germany ,right) by period. Predicted hazard rates are derived from proportional hazard multistate survival models with constant baseline hazards; all survival models are controlled for age in single-year age groups (as second-degree polynomial)
Contribution of Inland Valleys Intensification to Sustainable Rice/vegetable Value Chain Development in Benin and Mali: Constraints, opportunities and profitable cropping systems
Creators: name: Adetonah, Sounkoura
name: Coulibaly, Ousmane
name: Sessou, E.
name: Padonou, S.
name: Dembele, U.
name: Adekambli, S.
name: Adetonah, Sounkoura
name: Coulibaly, Ousmane
name: Sessou, E.
name: Padonou, S.
name: Dembele, U.
name: Adekambli, S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Promotion
subject: Value chains
subject: Rice/Vegetable
subject: Benin
subject: Mali

description: Intensifying inland valley systems will require the promotion of high value commodity chain system involving rice and vegetable with increased productivity and low per unit cost of production and natural resources. The objective aim to identify the current production systems assesses their constraints and analyzes the profitability of best bet rice and vegetable cropping systems under different levels of input use and access to market. A total of 235 producers selected in Benin and Mali according to input use and access to product market. The value chain approach used to analyze the performance associated with productivity. The results show that four main chain stakeholders operate in the inland valley: producers, processors, trader and consumers. This study specifically focuses on producers and major constraints reported by this group are attacks of the insects and birds, the poor access to products markets and the unavailability of key inputs (seeds, pesticides, small equipment,) in both countries. Other constraints are high costs of transport, post-harvest losses and poor conservation of fresh vegetables and tubers. The most profitable systems in the inland valley are the ones based on rice and vegetable (Gboma: Solanum sp) using improved seeds, follow-up of the system containing rice and `'gboma'' using improved varieties of rice like NERICA associated with chemical fertilizers and herbicides. Rice associated with improved varieties of potato and mineral fertilizers is more profitable in Mali. Rice as sole crop is not profitable in both countries. Women are more involved in the sole cropping of rice in Mali.
From dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters: Self-Interacting Dark Matter over 7 orders of magnitude in halo mass
Creators: name: Bondarenko, Kyrylo
name: Sokolenko, Anastasia
name: Boyarsky, Alexey
name: Robertson, Andrew
name: Harvey, David
name: Revaz, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the density profiles of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) haloes spanning the full observable mass range, from dwarf galaxies to galaxy clusters. Using realistic simulations that model the baryonic physics relevant for galaxy formation, we compare the density profiles of haloes simulated with either SIDM or cold and collisionless dark matter (CDM) to those inferred from observations of stellar velocity dispersion, gas rotation curves, weak and strong gravitational lensing, and/or X-ray maps. We make our comparison in terms of the maximal surface density of haloes, circumventing the need for semi-analytic or parametric models for dark matter density profiles. We find that the maximal surface density as a function of halo mass is well reproduced by CDM simulations that include baryons, while for SIDM with a velocity-independent cross-section of 1 cm$^2/$g, the simulated galaxy clusters have mean maximal surface densities that are below those of observed systems by an amount greater than the standard deviation of the observed maximal surface density at fixed mass. For less massive systems both CDM and SIDM agree with the observation equally well.
description: Journal version; minor changes
Development of a novel ultra-wideband antenna and prototype scanner for detection and location of voids in wood
Creators: name: Dotto, Kim V.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The design of a prototype ultra-wideband scanner for the detection of voids in wooden models is presented along with the design of a novel Ultra-Wideband Antenna. The design and performance of a new type of antipodal tapered slot antenna are described. The three-dimensional structure of the antenna is given as well as the experimental results for gain, radiation pattern, cross polarization, VSWR and Return Loss (Su). The new Fleur-de-Lis (FDL) antenna shows a 10 dB bandwidth greater than 20 GHz with an S,, Return Loss curve that is flatter than those for current antipodal tapered slot antenna designs. The effects of varying physical parameters are also investigated, giving some insight into the antenna's wideband operation. The FDL antenna is used as the basis for an ultra-wideband RF scanning system, which is used to measure ultra-wideband transmission (S21) response profiles. These transmission response profiles show that it is possible to determine the size of a cylindrical object of metal or dielectric material with a set of readings taken over an ultra-wideband frequency range for a single transmission line of sight. It is also shown that, with a simple pattern-matching algorithm, it is possible to detect and locate the position of an air-filled void in a "cylindrical" wooden model with readings taken over an ultra-wideband frequency range for a single transmission line of sight.
Radiative decays of quarkonium states, momentum operator expansion and nilpotent operators
Creators: name: Anisovich, A. V.
name: Anisovich, V. V.
name: Markov, V. N.
name: Matveev, M. A.
name: Nikonov, V. A.
name: Sarantsev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the method of calculation of radiative decays of composite quark-antiquark systems with different J^{PC}: (Q\bar Q)_{in} -> gamma (Q\bar Q)_{out}. The method is relativistic invariant, it is based on the double dispersion relation integrals over the masses of composite mesons, it can be used for the high spin particles and provides us with the gauge invariant transition amplitudes. We apply this method to the case when the photon is emitted by a constituent in the intermediate state (additive quark model). We perform the momentum operator expansion of the spin amplitudes for the decay processes. The problem of nilpotent spin operators is discussed.
description: 21 pages, 1 figure
Statistical mechanics of quantum error correcting codes
Creators: name: Li, Yaodong
name: Fisher, Matthew P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stabilizer quantum error correcting codes (QECC) generated under hybrid dynamics of local Clifford unitaries and local Pauli measurements in one dimension. Building upon 1) a general formula relating the error-susceptibility of a subregion to its entanglement properties, and 2) a previously established mapping between entanglement entropies and domain wall free energies of an underlying spin model, we propose a statistical mechanical description of the QECC in terms of "entanglement domain walls". Free energies of such domain walls generically feature a leading volume law term coming from its "surface energy", and a sub-volume law correction coming from thermodynamic entropies of its transverse fluctuations. These are most easily accounted for by capillary-wave theory of liquid-gas interfaces, which we use as an illustrative tool. We show that the information-theoretic decoupling criterion corresponds to a geometric decoupling of domain walls, which further leads to the identification of the "contiguous code distance" of the QECC as the crossover length scale at which the energy and entropy of the domain wall are comparable. The contiguous code distance thus diverges with the system size as the subleading entropic term of the free energy, protecting a finite code rate against local undetectable errors. We support these correspondences with numerical evidence, where we find capillary-wave theory describes many qualitative features of the QECC; we also discuss when and why it fails to do so.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures. v2: fixed .bbl file, new footnote 12. v3: updated references and acknowledgements. v4: fixed typos; published version
The Impact of Capital Intensive Farming in Thailand: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach
Creators: name: Pue-On, Anuwat
name: Ward, Bert D.
name: Gan, Christopher E.C.
name: Pue-On, Anuwat
name: Ward, Bert D.
name: Gan, Christopher E.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Capital intensive farming
subject: CGE
subject: general equilibrium
subject: SAM
subject: Thailand

description: The aim of this study is to explore whether efforts to encourage producers to use agricultural machinery and equipment will significantly improve agricultural productivity, income distribution amongst social groups, as well as macroeconomic performance in Thailand. A 2000 Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Thailand was constructed as a data set, and then a 20 production-sector Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model was developed for the Thai economy. The CGE model is employed to simulate the impact of capital-intensive farming on the Thai economy under two different scenarios: technological change and free trade. Four simulations were conducted. Simulation 1 increased the share parameter of capital in the agricultural sector by 5%. Simulation 2 shows a 5% increase in agricultural capital stock. A removal in import tariffs for agricultural machinery sector forms the basis for Simulation 3. The last simulation (Simulation 4) is the combination of the above three simulations. The results for each simulation are divided into four effects: input, output, income and macroeconomic effects. The results of the first two simulations produced opposite outcomes in terms of the four effects. Simulation 2 accelerated the capital intensification of all agricultural sectors, whereas Simulation 1 led to more capital intensity in some agricultural sectors. The effects of the input reallocation had a simultaneous impact on output in every sector. Simulation 1 led to a fall of almost all outputs in the agricultural sectors, whereas there was an increase in agricultural output in Simulation 2. In terms of domestic income effects, as a result of the decline of the average price of factors in Simulation 1, there was a decrease in factor incomes belonging to households and enterprises. Consequently, government revenue decreased by 0.7%. In contrast, Simulation 2 resulted in an increase in all incomes above. Finally, regarding macroeconomic variables, Simulation 1 had a negative impact on private consumption, government consumption, investment, imports and exports, resulting in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) decreasing by 0.8%. On the other hand, Simulation 2 had a positive impact on those same variables, affecting a 0.4% rise of GDP. The effects of Simulation 3 were very small in everything compared with the first two simulations. The effect of Simulation 4 was mostly dominated by Simulations 1 and 2; the negative results of Simulation 1 were compensated by the positive effects of Simulation 2.
Additional file 2 of Estrogen receptor α as a predictive biomarker for survival in human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Creators: name: Soohyeon Kwon
name: Soon-Hyun Ahn
name: Woo-Jin Jeong
name: Jung, Young Ho
name: Bae, Yun Jung
name: Paik, Jin Ho
name: Jin-Haeng Chung
name: Kim, Hyojin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Association between ERα protein and ESR1 mRNA expression.
La transmission des effets de la crise alimentaire sur les dépenses de compensation : Cas de la Tunisie
Creators: name: Akari, Tahar
name: Jouili, Mustapha
name: Akari, Tahar
name: Jouili, Mustapha
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: En 2006-2008, le monde à connu une véritable crise alimentaire, due à la hausse sans précédent des cours mondiaux des produits alimentaires En Tunisie, la flambée des cours internationaux des produits alimentaires de base n’a pas tardé à gonfler la facture des importations alimentaires. Celle-ci étant absorbée en partie par l’augmentation des prix à la consommation et en partie à travers l’accroissement des dépenses de la Caisse Générale de Compensation. Toutefois, l’escalade des dépenses de la caisse ne peut être attribuée à la seule hausse des cours mondiaux. Une tentative de décomposition du coût de compensation consenti par l’Etat fait apparaître l’effet de la situation prévalant dans le marché mondial (prix à l’importation), celui de la politique monétaire (via le taux de change), de l’insuffisance de la production locale et son complément en termes d’importation et enfin des prix locaux à la production et de cession.