cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dielectronic Recombination Calculations for Fe15+
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Kwon, D. H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics

description: Dielectronic recombination (DR) of Na-like Fe15+ forming Mg-like Fe14+ via excitation of a 2l core electron has been investigated. We find that configuration interaction (CI) between DR resonances with different captured electron principal quantum numbers n can lead to a significant reduction in resonance strengths for n ≥ 5. Including this form of CI accounts for most of the discrepancy between previous theoretical and experimental results. Here we briefly present our results and discuss their implications for the modeling of cosmic plasmas.
Dirac fields, torsion and Barbero-Immirzi parameter in Cosmology
Creators: name: de Berredo-Peixoto, G.
name: Freidel, L.
name: Shapiro, I. L.
name: de Souza, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider cosmological solution for Einstein gravity with massive fermions with a four-fermion coupling, which emerges from the Holst action and is related to the Barbero-Immirzi (BI) parameter. This gravitational action is an important object of investigation in a non-perturbative formalism of quantum gravity. We study the equation of motion for for the Dirac field within the standard Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) metric. Finally, we show the theory with BI parameter and minimally coupling Dirac field, in the zero mass limit, is equivalent to an additional term which looks like a perfect fluid with the equation of state \ $p = wρ$, with $w = 1$ which is independent of the BI parameter. The existence of mass imposes a variable $w$, which creates either an inflationary phase with $w=-1$, or assumes an ultra hard equation of states $w = 1$ for very early universe. Both phases relax to a pressure less fluid $w = 0$ for late universe (corresponding to the limit $m\to\infty$).
description: LaTeX file (with jcappub.sty), 16 pages, no figures. Some formulations and discussions slightly modified, fits the version to be published in JCAP
Role of diacylglycerol in the cellular response to lysophosphatidylcholine analogues
Creators: name: Ganesan, Suriakarthiga
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: lysophosphatidylcholine , antitumor lipids, diacylglycerol, lipid metabolism
subject: Biology
subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Biochemistry

description: Diacylglycerol (DAG) is a key signaling lipid and intermediate in lipid metabolism. Our knowledge of DAG distribution in cell membranes is limited. Using the C1 domain from mammalian PKCδ and PKD, we monitored the localization of yeast cytosolic-facing pools of DAG for the very first time and investigated alteration in distribution in response to conditions where DAG levels were known to be altered. Two main pools were monitored over time using DAG sensors. One stable pool was associated with vacuolar membranes and a second temporal pool was localized to sites of polarized growth. Dynamic changes in DAG distribution were observed during resumption of growth from stationary phase, when DAG is used to support phospholipid synthesis for membrane proliferation. Vacuolar membranes experienced constant morphological changes displaying DAG enriched microdomains co-existing with liquid-disordered areas demarcated by Vph1. Formation of these domains was dependent on TAG lipolysis. DAG domains and puncta were closely connected to lipid droplets and our findings suggest that DAG could link lipid droplets and tubular ER upon growth resumption from stationary phase. DAG polarization was regulated by DAG to PA conversion upon TAG mobilization, phosphatidylserine synthesis/traffic and sphingolipid synthesis in the Golgi. We also investigated another condition where DAG accumulates, which is in cells treated with the lysophosphatidylcholine analogue edelfosine. We hypothesized that by manipulating levels of PA and DAG, cells confer resistance to edelfosine, possibly due to mislocalized PA and DAG which prevent cellular response to edelfosine. Experiment where PA and DAG levels were manipulated clearly support a protective role of PA in the response to edelfosine. Interestingly, edelfosine induced drastic change in the localization of DAG. A synthetic genetic array analysis pointed to endocytic and retrograde trafficking proteins as key players in modulating DAG distribution. Many of these trafficking mutants were also resistant to edelfosine, suggesting mislocalization of DAG is advantageous in the presence of edelfosine. In addition, a putative lipase Ydr444w and the PI4P phosphatase Sac1 were also identified as novel regulators of DAG homeostasis. An up-to-date map of the spatiotemporal distribution of the cytosolic pools of DAG in yeast emerged from this body of work.
New Aggregation Methods for Multicommodity Network Flow Problems: Theory and Applications to Locomotive Refueling
Creators: name: KAZEMI, AHMAD
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 10303 Optimisation
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Large scale network optimization problems appear in a wide variety of logistical and transportation applications. However, such problems are usually difficult to solve using current technology. This thesis is motivated by such a problem in railroad fuel management. It designs mixed-integer programming methods and algorithms to solve the fuel-related challenges of the largest Australian railroad company. Moreover, it extends state-of-the-art optimization techniques to handle large scale network optimization problems, including the fuel management problem that has motivated the thesis.
Using Bins to Empirically Estimate Term Weights for Text Categorization
Creators: name: Sable, Carl
name: Church, Kenneth W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2001
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: This paper introduces a term weighting method for text categorization based on smoothing ideas borrowed from speech recognition. Empirical estimates of weights (likelihood ratios) become unstable when counts are small. Instead of estimating weights for individual words, as Naive Bayes does, words with similar features are grouped into bins, and a single weight is estimated for each bin. This weight is then assigned to all of the words in the bin. The bin-based method is intended for tasks where there is insufficient training data to estimate a separate weight for each word. Experiments show the bin-based method is highly competitive with other current methods. In particular, this method is most similar to Naive Bayes; it generally performs at least as well as Naive Bayes, and sometimes better.
Collisional Ionization Equilibrium for Optically Thin Plasmas
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Bryans, P.
name: Mitthumsiri, W.
name: Badnell, N. R.
name: Gorczyca, T. W.
name: Laming, J. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics
Microphysics

description: Reliably interpreting spectra from electron-ionized cosmic plasmas requires accurate ionization balance calculations for the plasma in question. However, much of the atomic data needed for these calculations have not been generated using modern theoretical methods and their reliability are often highly suspect. We have utilized state-of-the-art calculations of dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for the hydrogenic through Na-like ions of all elements from He to Zn. We have also utilized state-of-the-art radiative recombination (RR) rate coefficient calculations for the bare through Na-like ions of all elements from H to Zn. Using our data and the recommended electron impact ionization data of Mazzotta et al. (1998), we have calculated improved collisional ionization equilibrium calculations. We compare our calculated fractional ionic abundances using these data with those presented by Mazzotta et al. (1998) for all elements from H to Ni, and with the fractional abundances derived from the modern DR and RR calculations of Gu (2003a,b, 2004) for Mg, Si, S, Ar, Ca, Fe, and Ni.
Observation of elastic anomalies driven by coexisting dynamical spin Jahn-Teller effect and dynamical molecular spin state in paramagnetic phase of the frustrated MgCr$_2$O$_4$$
Creators: name: Watanabe, Tadataka
name: Ishikawa, Shin-Ichi
name: Suzuki, Haruki
name: Kousaka, Yusuke
name: Tomiyasu, Keisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrasound velocity measurements of magnesium chromite spinel MgCr$_2$O$_4$ reveal elastic anomalies in the paramagnetic phase that are characterized as due to geometrical frustration. The temperature dependence of the tetragonal shear modulus $(C_{11}-C_{12})/2$ exhibits huge Curie-type softening, which should be the precursor to spin Jahn-Teller distortion in the antiferromagnetic phase. The trigonal shear modulus $C_{44}$ exhibits nonmonotonic temperature dependence with a characteristic minimum at $\sim$50 K, indicating a coupling of the lattice to dynamical molecular spin state. These results strongly suggest the coexistence of dynamical spin Jahn-Teller effect and dynamical molecular spin state in the paramagnetic phase, which is compatible with the coexistence of magnetostructural order and dynamical molecular spin state in the antiferromagnetic phase.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Calculation of Atomic Data for NASA Missions
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Gorczyca, T. W.
name: Fu, J.
name: Korista, K. T.
name: Nikolic, D.
name: Hasoǧlu, M. F.
name: Dumitriu, I.
name: Badnell, N. R.
name: Manson, S. T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics
Microphysics

description: The interpretation of cosmic spectra relies on a vast sea of atomic data which are not readily obtainable from analytic expressions or simple calculations. Rather, their evaluation typically requires state-of-the-art atomic physics calculations, with the inclusion of weaker effects (spin-orbit and configuration interactions, relaxation, Auger broadening, etc.), to achieve the level of accuracy needed for use by astrophysicists. Our NASA-supported research program is focused on calculating data for three important atomic processes, 1) dielectronic recombination (DR), 2) inner-shell photoabsorption, and 3) fluorescence and Auger decay of inner-shell vacancy states. Some additional details and examples of our recent findings are given below.
Simulating dust & metal production across scales & epochs
Creators: name: Yates, Robert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In this talk, I will give an overview of the new challenges faced by galaxy evolution simulations in simultaneously modelling metal and dust production across spatial and temporal scales.
First, I will use the EAGLE, TNG100, and L-GALAXIES simulations to show how the cosmic metal and dust mass densities observed with DLAs can only be reproduced by enhanced star formation at high z. This brings simulations into tension with cosmic SFR density estimates from IR data, but not with more recent analyses at longer wavelengths (e.g. ALMA, LOFAR).
Second, I will zoom-in to galaxy scales, to demonstrate the difficulty simulations have in matching the observed dust-to-metal (DTM) ratio back to z~5. I will show how the various dust production mechanisms modelled must be carefully balanced to match both the DTM and high-z gas-phase O/H estimates from JWST.
Third, zooming-in to sub-galactic scales, I will present gas-phase O/H profiles from IFUs such as MaNGA and MUSE, and show how trends in the O/H gradient with stellar mass depend sensitively on how metallicity is measured. In simulations like L-GALAXIES, EAGLE, and TNG, a weak positive correlation between O/H gradient and stellar mass is seen. But such a trend is only evident in observations for higher-spatial-resolution spectra (from e.g. MUSE and VIRUS-P) and when selecting for disc-dominated galaxies. I will also show how a comparison of observed and simulated dust radial profiles hint at the need for dust suppression/destruction in the centres of galaxies.
Overall, this talk will highlight the importance of such a multi-scale analysis for simulations wish to truly constrain the key processes driving chemical evolution in the Universe.
New Collisional Ionization Equilibrium Calculations for Optically Thin Plasmas
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Bryans, P.
name: Mitthumsiri, W.
name: Grieser, M.
name: Badnell, N. R.
name: Gorczyca, T. W.
name: Laming, J. M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics

description: Reliably interpreting spectra from electron-ionized laboratory and cosmic plasmas requires accurate ionization balance calculations for the plasma in question. However, much of the atomic data needed for these calculations have not been generated using modern theoretical methods and their reliability are often highly suspect. We have carried out state-of-the-art calculations of dielectronic recombination (DR) rate coefficients for the hydrogenic through Mg-like ions of all elements from He to Zn as well as for Al- like to Ar-like ions of Fe. We have also carried out state-of-the-art radiative recombination (RR) rate coefficient calculations for the bare through Na-like ions of all elements from H to Zn. Using our data and the most recently recommended electron impact ionization data, we present improved collisional ionization equilibrium (CIE) calculations. Here, as an example, we present our calculated fractional ionic abundances for iron using these data and compare them with those from the previously recommended CIE calculations.
Alternative Experimental Protocol for a PBR-Like Result
Creators: name: Miller, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pusey, Barrett and Rudolph (PBR) have recently proven an important new theorem in the foundations of quantum mechanics. Here we propose alternative experimental protocols which lead to the PBR result for a special case and a weaker PBR-like result generally. Alternative experimental protocols support the assumption of measurement independence required for the PBR theorem.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Efficient Estimation of Partly Linear Transformation Model with Interval-censored Competing Risks Data
Creators: name: Wang, Yan
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: semi-parametric model, interval-censored data, competing risks, estimation.
subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider the class of semiparametric generalized odds rate transformation models to estimate the cause-specific cumulative incidence function, which is an important quantity under competing risks framework, and assess the contribution of covariates with interval-censored competing risks data. The model is able to handle both linear and non-linear components. The baseline cumulative incidence functions and non-linear components of different competing risks are approximated with B-spline basis functions or Bernstein polynomials, and the estimated parameters are obtained by employing the sieve maximum likelihood estimation. We designed two examples in the simulation studies and the simulation results show that the method performs well. We used the proposed method to analyze the HIV data obtained from patients in a large cohort study in sub-Saharan Africa.
APEX Observations of the 752 GHz water line in low redshift ULIRGs
Creators: name: Quinatoa, Daysi
name: YANG, Chentao
name: Ibar, Edo
name: Humphreys, Elizabeth
name: Aalto, Susanne
name: Barcos-Muñoz, Loreto
name: González-Alfonso, Eduardo
name: Impellizzeri, Violette
name: Jaffé, Yara
name: Liu, Lijie
name: Martin, Sergio
name: Weiss, Axel
name: Zhang, Zhi-Yu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: We report the first ground-based detection of the water line p-H2O (211-202) at 752.033 GHz in three ULIRGs (IRAS 06035-7102, IRAS 17207-0014, and IRAS 09022-3615) with redshifts below 0.08. Utilizing the APEX SEPIA band-9 receiver, we achieve signal-to-noise ratios of 8-10 in all three galaxies, marking the first detection of this line in IRAS 06035-7102. The water line spectra are compared to mid-𝐽 CO and dust continuum data from previous ALMA observations. In the complex system IRAS 09022-3615, the water emission line profile exhibits a velocity offset compared to the ALMA CO(𝐽 = 4 − 3) emission. Conversely, for IRAS 17207-0014 and IRAS 06035-7102, the profiles of the water line and the CO lines show spectroscopic alignment. This pilot study illustrates the potential for direct ground-based high-frequency observations of this water line.
Cosmological Implications of the Uncertainty in Astrochemical Rate Coefficients
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Glover, S. C. O.
name: Jappsen, A. K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics

description: The cooling of neutral gas of primordial composition, or with very low levels of metal enrichment, depends crucially on the formation of molecular coolants, such as H_2 and HD within the gas. Although the chemical reactions involved in the formation and destruction of these molecules are well known, the same cannot be said for the rate coefficients of these reactions, some of which are uncertain by an order of magnitude. Here we discuss two reactions for which large uncertainties exist -- the formation of H_2 by associative detachment of H^- with H and the destruction of H^- by mutual neutralization with protons. We show that these uncertainties can have a dramatic impact on the effectiveness of cooling during protogalactic collapse.
Plasma conductivity at finite coupling
Creators: name: Hassanain, Babiker
name: Schvellinger, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By taking into account the full order(α'^3) type IIB string theory corrections to the supergravity action, we compute the leading finite 't Hooft coupling order(λ^{-3/2}) corrections to the conductivity of strongly-coupled SU(N) {\cal {N}}=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma in the large N limit. We find that the conductivity is enhanced by the corrections, in agreement with the trend expected from previous perturbative weak-coupling computations.
description: 19 pages
Arabic Morphological Tagging, Diacritization, and Lemmatization Using Lexeme Models and Feature Ranking
Creators: name: Roth, Ryan
name: Rambow, Owen
name: Habash, Nizar Y.
name: Diab, Mona
name: Rudin, Cynthia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: We investigate the tasks of general morphological tagging, diacritization, and lemmatization for Arabic. We show that for all tasks we consider, both modeling the lexeme explicitly, and retuning the weights of individual classiﬁers for the speciﬁc task, improve the performance.
Detecting Pitch Accents at the Word, Syllable and Vowel Level
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Andrew
name: Hirschberg, Julia Bell
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: The automatic identiﬁcation of prosodic events such as pitch accent in English has long been a topic of interest to speech researchers, with applications to a variety of spoken language processing tasks. However, much remains to be understood about the best methods for obtaining high accuracy detection. We describe experiments examining the optimal domain for accent analysis. Speciﬁcally, we compare pitch accent identiﬁcation at the syllable, vowel or word level as domains for analysis of acoustic indicators of accent. Our results indicate that a word-based approach is superior to syllable- or vowel-based detection,
achieving an accuracy of 84.2%.
Assisted state discrimination without entanglement
Creators: name: Li, Bo
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
name: Wang, Zhi-Xi
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the dissonance, a quantum correlation which is equal to quantum discord for separable state, is required for assisted optimal state discrimination. We find that only one side discord is required in the optimal process of assisted state discrimination, while another side discord and entanglement is not necessary. We confirm that the quantum discord, which is asymmetric depending on local measurements, is a resource for assisted state discrimination. With the absence of entanglement, we give the necessary and sufficient condition for vanishing one side discord in assisted state discrimination for a class of $d$ nonorthogonal states. As a byproduct, we find that the positive-partial-transposition (PPT) condition is the necessary and sufficient condition for the separability of a class of $2\times d$ states.
description: 6 pages
An Architecture for Distributed Natural Language Summarization
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: We present a system that incorporates agentbased technology and natural language generation to address the problem of natural language summarization of live sources of data. The input to the system includes newswire and on-line databases and ontologies. The output consists of short summaries that convey information selected to fit the user's interests, the most recent news updates, and historical information. The system is under development.
Charmless $B_s\to PP, PV, VV$ Decays Based on the six-quark Effective Hamiltonian with Strong Phase Effects II
Creators: name: Su, Fang
name: Wu, Yue-Liang
name: Zhuang, Ci
name: Yang, Yi-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a systematic study of charmless $B_s \to PP, PV, VV$ decays ($P$ and $V$ denote pseudoscalar and vector mesons, respectively) based on an approximate six-quark operator effective Hamiltonian from QCD. The calculation of the relevant hard-scattering kernels is carried out, the resulting transition form factors are consistent with the results of QCD sum rule calculations. By taking into account important classes of power corrections involving "chirally-enhanced" terms and the vertex corrections as well as weak annihilation contributions with non-trivial strong phase, we present predictions for the branching ratios and CP asymmetries of $B_s$ decays into PP, PV and VV final states, and also for the corresponding polarization observables in VV final states. It is found that the weak annihilation contributions with non-trivial strong phase have remarkable effects on the observables in the color-suppressed and penguin-dominated decay modes. In addition, we discuss the SU(3) flavor symmetry and show that the symmetry relations are generally respected.
Recombination and Ionization Measurements at the Heidelberg Heavy Ion Storage Ring TSR
Creators: name: Savin, Daniel Wolf
name: Hahn, Michael
name: Lestinsky, M.
name: Novotny, Oldrich
name: Bernhardt, D.
name: Muller, A.
name: Schippers, S.
name: Krantz, C.
name: Grieser, M.
name: Repnow, R.
name: Wolf, A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Astrophysics
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics

description: Knowledge of the charge state distribution (CSD) of astrophysical plasmas is important for the interpretation of spectroscopic data. To accurately calculate CSDs, reliable rate coefficients are needed for dielectronic recombination (DR), which is the dominant electron-ion recombination mechanism for most ions, and for electron impact ionization (EII). We are carrying out DR and EII measurements of astrophysically important ions using the TSR storage ring at the Max-Plank-Institute for Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg, Germany. Storage ring measurements are largely free of the metastable contamination found in other experimental geometries, resulting in more unambiguous DR and EII reaction rate measurements. The measured data can be used in plasma modelling as well as for benchmarking theoretical atomic calculations.
Performance Evaluation and Improved Permittivity Estimation for a Transmission-based Microwave Imaging System
Creators: name: Owjimehr, Mehri
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Peak Fitting
subject: Engineering--Biomedical
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: Medical microwave imaging, especially breast imaging, is one of the interesting applications of microwave imaging. This imaging technique has potential as a new breast imaging modality as it is low-power, not expensive, and doesn't require tissue compression and inconvenience. Several microwave breast imaging techniques have been introduced and show both promise and limitations. The system of interest in this thesis, the transmission system, appears to have the ability to overcome some of those limitations. Although the transmission system doesn't generate high quality images, it shows reasonable estimation of the average permittivity of the scanned tissue. Phantom and human scans using this system show potential, leading to further investigation. In this thesis, the performance of the transmission system is evaluated in terms of accuracy and resolution. Then one of the biggest challenges in image reconstruction, which is multipath, is investigated. The information extracted from multipath is used to improve the average permittivity estimation and form cross-sectional maps. The proposed methods are also tested on volunteer data and show reasonable results in terms of consistency and tracking changes. Finally, an improved denoising algorithm is proposed to reduce the background noise of the reflected signals in order to prepare them for average permittivity estimation.
Learning Correlations between Linguistic Indicators and Semantic Constraints: Reuse of Context-Dependent Descriptions of Entities
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: This paper presents the results of a study on the semantic constraints imposed on lexical choice by certain contextual indicators. We show how such indicators are computed and how correlations between them and the choice of a noun phrase description of a named entity can be automatically established using supervised learning. Based on this correlation, we have developed a technique for automatic lexical choice of descriptions of entities in text generation. We discuss the underlying relationship between the pragmatics of choosing an appropriate description that serves a specific purpose in the automatically generated text and the semantics of the description itself. We present our work in the framework of the more general concept of reuse of linguistic structures that are automatically extracted from large corpora. We present a formal evaluation of our approach and we conclude with some thoughts on potential applications of our method.
Cuba in transition : entrepreneurs, tourism and political compromise in Havana
Creators: name: Taylor, Ariel Judith Stapleton
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Since the early 1990’s Havana, Cuba has undergone considerable socioeconomic transformation resulting from the legalization of some forms of private enterprise. Paladares, Cuban owned and operated restaurants, have emerged in Havana as a significant industry, fueled largely by both tourism and Havana’s second economy. The liberalization of Cuba’s domestic economy has, in turn, impacted social and political ideologies, particularly among Havana’s wealthiest paladar owners. Concerns and speculation about the future role of Communism in the country have made the role of paladares increasingly problematic for both researchers and political officials in the region. However, this research demonstrates that more modest paladar owners attempt to mediate principles of socialism and capitalism by largely acquiescing to stringent government regulations. Alternatively, their wealthy counterparts engage openly in illicit business practices, often with near impunity from Cuban officials now indentured to the financial dividends traded for toleration. This research spans four neighbourhoods across Havana and draws on interview data gathered from nine paladar owners and ten weeks of participant observation. This thesis argues that paladares are not antithetical with ongoing social security and political stability for Cuban people and that tourism along with the second economy it helps to enhance are themselves detrimental to many of the gains championed by Cuba’s revolution.
Toward Intelligent Support of Authoring Machinima Media Content: Story and Visualization
Creators: name: Riedl, Mark
name: Rowe, Jonathan
name: Elson, David K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: The Internet and the availability of authoring tools have enabled a
greater community of media content creators, including nonexperts. However, while media authoring tools often make it technically feasible to generate, edit and share digital media artifacts, they do not guarantee that the works will be valuable or meaningful to the community at large. Therefore intelligent tools that support the authoring and creative processes are especially valuable. In this paper, we describe two intelligent support tools for the authoring and production of machinima. Machinima is a technique for producing computer-animated movies through the manipulation of computer game technologies. The first system we describe, ReQUEST, is an intelligent support tool for the authoring of plots. The second system, Cambot, produces machinima from a pre-authored script by manipulating virtual avatars and a virtual camera in a 3D graphical environment.
Fragmentary funerary inscription of Marcus Vipsanius Phoebus
Creators: name: Prag, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sicily
subject: epigraphy
subject: http://vocab.getty.edu/page/aat/300138808
subject: https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/462492

description: TEI EpiDoc record
Cytotoxic, Cellular Uptake, and Photophysical Properties of Various Re(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes
Creators: name: Capper, Miles S.
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: cancer MDA-MB-231 singlet oxygen fluorescence cytotoxicity rhenium organometallics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Chemistry--Inorganic
subject: Engineering--Chemical

description: A series of Re(I) tricarbonyl complexes with the general formula, fac-[Re(CO)3(2,2’-bipyridine)(X)]-/0 (X= L-cysteine; N-acetyl-L-cysteine; thiosulfate) were characterized using spectroscopic techniques and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Photophysical, as well as singlet oxygen (1O2) generation and CO releasing properties were assessed. Cell viability of the complexes against the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line were determined. Cellular localization and accumulation were investigated using synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy (XFM). The results of this study show the cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and photophysical properties of fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)X]+/0/- complexes (X= H2O, HCys-, NAC2-, S2O32-; bpy=2,2’-bipyridine). The cytotoxicity of fac-[Re(CO)3(bpy)(H2O)]+ is diminished when the aqua ligand is replaced by cysteine or thiosulfate.
Filología de l'Orient Català / Philology of Oriental Catalunya / Filología del Oriente Catalán
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Velasco, Jesus D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: History
Middle Ages

description: In this paper I propose a redefinition of philology and mediterranean studies based on the historical problems specific to the presence of the Catalan Company in the Mediterranean, both Occidental and Oriental, during the late Middle Ages
Spin diffusion in trapped clouds of strongly interacting cold atoms
Creators: name: Bruun, G. M.
name: Pethick, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that puzzling recent experimental results on spin diffusion in a strongly interacting atomic gas may be understood in terms of the predicted spin diffusion coefficient for a generic strongly interacting system. Three important features play a central role: a) Fick's law for diffusion must be modified to allow for the trapping potential, b) the diffusion coefficient is inhomogeneous, due to the density variations in the cloud and c) the diffusion approximation fails in the outer parts of the cloud, where the mean free path is long.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, minor modifications to the text and figures in 2. version
Grammar and Conversion in the Early Iberian Empire
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Velasco, Jesus D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: History
Middle Ages

description: Grammar is art. Not an art. It is the art among all arts. As Martin Irvine demonstrated in his beautiful book of 1994, this claim is not very new -it is perhaps as old as grammar, and as old as the greek concept of τέχνη. But it is useful to delve into it a little bit more, in order to understand the concrete issue of what did grammar and language teaching mean in Late Medieval Castile and Early Modern Iberian Empire -Spain.
The elusive baryon cycle and prospects for future ALMA and AtLAST observations
Creators: name: Cicone, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: The baryon cycle drives the formation and evolution of structures from stellar core on sub-pc scales to the largest overdensities in the Universe on Mpc scales. This implies that all these physical scales are connected and linked physically to each other, and such link extends over different time scales and multiple gas phases. However, all the manifestations and observables of such baryon cycle, from star forming filaments in the ISM, to the massive molecular outflows and accreting filaments enriching the circumgalactic medium and, possibly, the intergalactic medium, are: 1) diffuse and low surface brightness in nature; 2) extended on large angular scales (arcmin/degrees), and 3) multi-phase, with a crucial role of gas phases (molecular, atomic) that are not visibile in the optical/IR but require sensitive sub-mm instruments. These characteristics make it very challenging to observe the baryon cycle with current or planned telescopes. This issue motivates, among other science drivers, the construction of a new, sensitive, large-aperture (50 meter), wide field of view (1-2 deg), single dish telescope on the Chajnantor plateau: the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST). AtLAST will obviate the technical limitations of interferometers and will be a fundamental complement to ALMA, by providing the much needed coverage of short UV baselines needed for ALMA+single dish data combination, as well as the high mapping speed and throughput to survey large areas of the sky and so discover new targets for ALMA follow ups. After an introduction on the crucial discoveries relevant to the baryon cycle enabled by ALMA, I will outline the main results of the EU-funded AtLAST design study, which will be completed in August 2024. The study is investigating all aspects of building such new international research infrastructure such as the selection of the optimal site, the power supply through renewable energy, and the governance and operations models.
DSML: A Proposal for XML Standards for Messaging Between Components of a Natural Language Dialog System
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
name: Kambhatla, Nanda
name: Ye, Yiming
name: Wolf, Catherine
name: Zadrozny, Wlodek
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: In this paper, we propose using standard XML messaging interfaces between components of natural language dialog systems. We describe a stock trading and information access system, where XML is used to encode speech acts, transactions and retrieved information in messages between system components. We use an XML/XSL based unification approach to display personalized, multi-modal system responses. We are proposing the creation of XML standards for all messaging between components of NLP systems. We hope that the use of XML in messaging will promote greater interoperability of both data and code. The working name of the proposed standard messaging language(s) is DSML ("Dialog System Markup Language".)
Building a Generation Knowledge Source using Internet-Accessible Newswire
Creators: name: Radev, Dragomir R.
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: Computer science
Information technology

description: In this paper, we describe a method for automatic creation of a knowledge source for text generation using information extraction over the Internet. We present a prototype system called PROFILE which uses a client-server architecture to extract noun-phrase descriptions of entities such as people, places, and organizations. The system serves two purposes: as an information extraction tool, it allows users to search for textual descriptions of entities; as a utility to generate functional descriptions (FD), it is used in a functional-unification based generation system. We present an evaluation of the approach and its applications to natural language generation and summarization.
Conformal algebra: R-matrix and star-triangle relation
Creators: name: Chicherin, D.
name: Derkachov, S.
name: Isaev, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main purpose of this paper is the construction of the R-operator which acts in the tensor product of two infinite-dimensional representations of the conformal algebra and solves Yang-Baxter equation. We build the R-operator as a product of more elementary operators S_1, S_2 and S_3. Operators S_1 and S_3 are identified with intertwining operators of two irreducible representations of the conformal algebra and the operator S_2 is obtained from the intertwining operators S_1 and S_3 by a certain duality transformation. There are star-triangle relations for the basic building blocks S_1, S_2 and S_3 which produce all other relations for the general R-operators. In the case of the conformal algebra of n-dimensional Euclidean space we construct the R-operator for the scalar (spin part is equal to zero) representations and prove that the star-triangle relation is a well known star-triangle relation for propagators of scalar fields. In the special case of the conformal algebra of the 4-dimensional Euclidean space, the R-operator is obtained for more general class of infinite-dimensional (differential) representations with nontrivial spin parts. As a result, for the case of the 4-dimensional Euclidean space, we generalize the scalar star-triangle relation to the most general star-triangle relation for the propagators of particles with arbitrary spins.
description: Added references and corrected typos
U Have Integrity: International Day of Action Against Contract Cheating 2019 Quick Facts
Creators: name: Eaton, Sarah Elaine
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2019
Subjects: academic integrity
academic dishonesty
academic misconduct
International Day of Action Against Contract Cheating

description: U Have Integrity: International Day of Action Against Contract Cheating 2019 Quick Facts - This postcard was designed for distribution to University of Calgary stakeholders including, but not limited to academic staff, teaching assistants, staff, students and alumni.
Magnetism, chemical spots, and stratification in the HgMn star phi Phoenicis
Creators: name: Makaganiuk, V.
name: Kochukhov, O.
name: Piskunov, N.
name: Jeffers, S. V.
name: Johns-Krull, C. M.
name: Keller, C. U.
name: Rodenhuis, M.
name: Snik, F.
name: Stempels, H. C.
name: Valenti, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mercury-manganese (HgMn) stars have been considered as non-magnetic and non-variable chemically peculiar (CP) stars for a long time. However, recent discoveries of the variability in spectral line profiles have suggested an inhomogeneous surface distribution of chemical elements in some HgMn stars. From the studies of other CP stars it is known that magnetic field plays a key role in the formation of surface spots. All attempts to find magnetic fields in HgMn stars have yielded negative results. In this study, we investigate the possible presence of a magnetic field in phi Phe (HD 11753) and reconstruct surface distribution of chemical elements that show variability in spectral lines.We also test a hypothesis that a magnetic field is concentrated in chemical spots and look into the possibility that some chemical elements are stratified with depth in the stellar atmosphere. Our analysis is based on high-quality spectropolarimetric time-series observations, covering a full rotational period of the star. Spectra were obtained with the HARPSpol at the ESO 3.6-m telescope. Combining information from all suitable spectral lines, we set an upper limit of 4 G on the mean longitudinal magnetic field. For chemical spots, an upper limit on the longitudinal field varies between 8 and 15 G. We confirmed the variability of Y, Sr, and Ti and detected variability in Cr lines. Stratification analysis showed that Y and Ti are not concentrated in the uppermost atmospheric layers. Our spectropolarimetric observations rule out the presence of a strong, globally-organised magnetic field in phi Phe. This implies an alternative mechanism of spot formation, which could be related to a non-equilibrium atomic diffusion. However, the typical time scales of the variation in stratification predicted by the recent time-dependent diffusion models exceed significantly the spot evolution time-scale reported for phi Phe.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics, 15 pages, 15 figures
title: Accidental death in a pediatric population in Newfoundland and Labrador: an analysis of cases of the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner
Creators: name: Devereaux, Emily Jane
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2026

description: Introduction: Accidental death is the leading manner of pediatric death worldwide. In Newfoundland & Labrador (NL) published assessments of accidental pediatric death are limited. Methods: A retrospective cohort study of cases of accidental death in children and youth aged 0- to 21- years that occurred between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2013 and were referred to the Office of the Chief Medical Examiner of NL for investigation was carried out. Comparison was made between accidental death in NL and the provinces of New Brunswick (NB) and Manitoba (MB) matching ages and years of occurrence. Results: A total of 139 cases occurred with a mean age of 15.8 (+/-4.9) years. Males accounted for more cases than females (p<0.001). Leading cause of death was mechanical trauma due to an MVA (52%) (p<0.001). Within NL regional differences were present with the highest incidence of all accidental death occurring in the Labrador Grenfell Health region (p=0.002). When comparing NL to MB, rates of accidents were comparable. While comparing NL to NB saw more differences overall, among specific causes of death, and among sexes. Conclusion: Accident incidence differed significantly between the regions of the province with rural areas seeing more accidents than urban areas. NL was comparable for accident incidence to the province of MB and lower than NB in overall accidental death, cause specific death and among sexes.
Postcards from oases in the desert: phenomenology of SUSY with intermediate scales
Creators: name: Biggio, Carla
name: Calibbi, Lorenzo
name: Masiero, Antonio
name: Vempati, Sudhir K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of new matter fields charged under the Standard Model gauge group at intermediate scales below the Grand Unification scale modifies the renormalization group evolution of the gauge couplings. This can in turn significantly change the running of the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model parameters, in particular the gaugino and the scalar masses. In the absence of new large Yukawa couplings we can parameterise all the intermediate scale models in terms of only two parameters controlling the size of the unified gauge coupling. As a consequence of the modified running, the low energy spectrum can be strongly affected with interesting phenomenological consequences. In particular, we show that scalar over gaugino mass ratios tend to increase and the regions of the parameter space with neutralino Dark Matter compatible with cosmological observations get drastically modified. Moreover, we discuss some observables that can be used to test the intermediate scale physics at the LHC in a wide class of models.
description: 24 pages, 16 figures
title: The development and validation of ultra-thin-film micro-outlet devices for spatially constraining local O₂ perturbations to capillaries
Creators: name: Kiley, Meghan E
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2024

description: Several local mechanisms for oxygen concentration [O₂] sensing and blood flow regulation in the microvasculature have been proposed, but existing evidence fails to account for the sensitivity of vascular responses in specific vessels across the physiological range of tissue [O₂]. We hypothesize that oxygen-mediated blood flow regulation is initiated at the capillary level through oxygen saturation-dependent ATP release from erythrocytes. The purpose of this thesis was to develop and validate a thinfilm micro-outlet device that can impose spatially constrained O₂ perturbations at the capillary level to precisely target capillary level regulation. The device was fabricated using soft lithography techniques and high-precision laser cutting. Devices were lasermachined into polyvinylidene chloride film and spun coat with a 100-micrometer thick layer of polydimethylsiloxane. Rats were anesthetized via intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital; catheters were introduced into the carotid artery for systemic cardiovascular monitoring and jugular vein for supplemental fluids. The extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle was blunt dissected, isolated, and reflected over a microfluidic gas exchange chamber (GEC) mounted in the stage of an inverted microscope. The GEC and EDL were coupled with micro-outlet devices of various designs (diameters: 200, 400, 600, 1000 am). [O₂] in the EDL was dynamically manipulated by imposing [O₂] oscillations while recording intravital video. Our novel composite thin-film micro-outlet devices spatially confined oxygen perturbations to capillaries. Our results demonstrate that our devices can profoundly manipulate capillary SO₂ and simultaneously alter the hemodynamics in vessels directly overlying the micro-outlet without affecting capillary SO₂ at distances greater than 100 μm from the edge of the micro-outlets. All animal protocols were approved by Memorial University’s Institutional Animal Care Committee.