cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Variation of the stellar color in high-magnification and caustic-crossing microlensing events
Creators: name: Sajadian, Sedighe
name: Jorgensen, Uffe G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To a first approximation, the microlensing phenomenon is achromatic, and great advancement has been achieved in the interpretation of the achromatic signals, which among other achievements has led to the discovery and characterization of well above $100$ new exoplanets. At higher order accuracy in the observations, microlensing has a chromatic component (a color term) which has so far been much less explored. Here, we analyze the chromatic microlensing effect of $4$ different physical phenomena, which have the potential to add important new knowledge about the stellar properties not easily reachable with other methods of observations. Our simulation is limited to the case of main-sequence source stars. Microlensing is particularly sensitive to giant and sub-giant stars near the Galactic center. While this population can be studied in short snapshots by use of the largest telescopes in the world, a general monitoring and characterization of the population can be achieved by use of more accessible medium-sized telescopes with specialized equipments through dual-color monitoring from observatories at sites with excellent seeing. We quantify our results to what will be achievable from the Danish $1.54$m telescope at La Silla observatory by use of the existing dual-color lucky imaging camera. Such potential monitoring programs of the bulge population from medium-sized telescopes include the characterization of starspots, limb-darkening, the frequency of close-in giant planet companions, and gravity darkening for blended source stars. We conclude our simulations with quantifying the likelihood of detecting these different phenomena per object where they are present to be $\sim 60\%$ and $\sim 30\%$ for the mentioned phenomena, when monitored during high magnification and caustic crossings, respectively.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Lagrangians Galore
Creators: name: Nucci, M. C.
name: Leach, P. G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Searching for a Lagrangian may seem either a trivial endeavour or an impossible task. In this paper we show that the Jacobi last multiplier associated with the Lie symmetries admitted by simple models of classical mechanics produces (too?) many Lagrangians in a simple way. We exemplify the method by such a classic as the simple harmonic oscillator, the harmonic oscillator in disguise [H Goldstein, {\it Classical Mechanics}, 2nd edition (Addison-Wesley, Reading, 1980)] and the damped harmonic oscillator. This is the first paper in a series dedicated to this subject.
description: 16 pages
What is Minimal Model of 3He Adsorbed on Graphite? -Importance of Density Fluctuations in 4/7 Registered Solid -
Creators: name: Watanabe, Shinji
name: Imada, Masatoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show theoretically that the second layer of 3He adsorbed on graphite and solidified at 4/7 of the first-layer density is close to the fluid-solid boundary with substantial density fluctuations on the third layer. The solid shows a translational symmetry breaking as in charge-ordered insulators of electronic systems. We construct a minimal model beyond the multiple-exchange Heisenberg model. An unexpectedly large magnetic field required for the measured saturation of magnetization is well explained by the density fluctuations. The emergence of quantum spin liquid is understood from the same mechanism as in the Hubbard model and in κ-(ET)_2Cu_2(CN)_3 near the Mott transitions.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
„Uczymy inaczej”- teoria i praktyka w kształceniu nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji
Creators: name: Włoch, Stanisława
Publisher: name: Instytut Pedagogiki Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Year: 2018

description: Zachodzące zmiany społeczne, polityczne, technologiczne oraz kulturowe wymagają zmian w kształceniu nauczycieli. Efekty i rozwój ucznia zależą bowiem w dużym stopniu od ich wiedzy i kompetencji. Współczesny system kształcenia nauczycieli wczesnej edukacji zawiera wiele luk i nie uwzględnia zmian zachodzących w rozwoju dziecka. Największe kontrowersje budzi praktyka pedagogiczna, która jest zaniedbanym ogniwem w kształceniu nauczycieli. W artykule dokonano próby opracowania modelowego kształcenia pedagogów wczesnej edukacji oraz próby odpowiedzi na pytanie o to, jakie należy podjąć działania w zakresie kształcenia praktycznego zgodnie z tendencjami europejskimi.
Assessment of Emotion Understanding in Preschoolers: Multiple-Choice vs. Open-Ended Methods
Creators: name: Verron, Heather
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Developmental psychology
subject: affective perspective taking
subject: emotion knowledge
subject: emotion understanding

description: This study examines a new method of assessing emotion understanding in preschoolers.  Prior research has established that preschool is a critical time for emotion understanding development and that emotion understanding abilities are related to such important outcomes as social competence.  Traditionally, measures of emotion understanding present multiple-choice questions that require children to select one emotion that is most likely to be elicited in various situations.  However, this study proposes an alternative method in which children are asked to explain their answers on a subset of items.  Their open-ended responses are then coded for quality of reasoning.  Results establish preliminary evidence of the reliability and validity of the new assessment method.  Notably, multiple regression analyses indicate that the coded emotion reasoning scores are a better predictor of social competence than scores obtained using traditional multiple-choice procedures.  Limitations of the study and implications for future research are also discussed.
Consistency restrictions on maximal electric field strength in QFT
Creators: name: Gavrilov, S. P.
name: Gitman, D. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: QFT with an external background can be considered as a consistent model only if backreaction is relatively small with respect to the background. To find the corresponding consistency restrictions on an external electric field and its duration in QED and QCD, we analyze the mean energy density of quantized fields for an arbitrary constant electric field E, acting during a large but finite time T. Using the corresponding asymptotics with respect to the dimensionless parameter $eET^2$, one can see that the leading contributions to the energy are due to the creation of paticles by the electric field. Assuming that these contributions are small in comparison with the energy density of the electric background, we establish the above-mentioned restrictions, which determine, in fact, the time scales from above of depletion of an electric field due to the backreaction
description: 7 pages; version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett.; added one ref. and some comments
Preprints & Open Access an der Philipps-Universität Marburg
Creators: name: Riedl, Lydia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Open Access (OA) beschreibt den freien Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Informationen, was nicht nur den wissenschaftlichen Austausch beschleunigt, sondern auch die Sichtbarkeit und Reichweite von Forschungsergebnissen erhöht. In diesem Kurzinput wird ein Überblick über die verschiedenen Wege des Open Access gegeben, darunter der "Gold OA" über Autorengebühren bei kommerziellen OA-Zeitschriften, der "Diamond OA" des nicht-kommerziellen Publizierens und der "Green OA" über das Selbstarchivieren von Publikationen in Repositorien. Zudem werden die Vorteile von OA, wie die Erhöhung der Zitierhäufigkeit und die Verbesserung der globalen Zugänglichkeit zu Wissen, erläutert. Es wird aufgezeigt, wie die Universitätsbibliothek Marburg Forschende dabei unterstützt, Open-Access-Optionen zu nutzen, sei es durch Beratung, Finanzierung von Publikationsgebühren, Verlagsverträge oder nicht-kommerzielle verlegerische Services und das Bereitstellen von Repositorien.

Etwas detaillierter werden Preprints als besondere Form des "Green OA" thematisiert.
The Status and Future of Direct Nuclear Reaction Measurements for Stellar Burning
Creators: name: Aliotta, M.
name: Buompane, R.
name: Couder, M.
name: Couture, A.
name: deBoer, R. J.
name: Formicola, A.
name: Gialanella, L.
name: Glorius, J.
name: Imbriani, G.
name: Junker, M.
name: Langer, C.
name: Lennarz, A.
name: Litvinov, Yu. A.
name: Liu, W. -P.
name: Lugaro, M.
name: Matei, C.
name: Meisel, Z.
name: Piersanti, L.
name: Reifarth, R.
name: Robertson, D.
name: Simon, A.
name: Straniero, O.
name: Tumino, A.
name: Wiescher, M.
name: Xu, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of stellar burning began just over 100 years ago. Nonetheless, we do not yet have a detailed picture of the nucleosynthesis within stars and how nucleosynthesis impacts stellar structure and the remnants of stellar evolution. Achieving this understanding will require precise direct measurements of the nuclear reactions involved. This report summarizes the status of direct measurements for stellar burning, focusing on developments of the last couple of decades, and offering a prospectus of near-future developments.
description: Accepted to Journal of Physics G as a Major Report. Corresponding author: Zach Meisel (meisel@ohio.edu)
Ideal type-II Weyl points in twisted one-dimensional dielectric photonic crystals
Creators: name: Chen, Ying
name: Wang, Hai-xiao
name: Bao, Qiaoliang
name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
name: Chen, Huanyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weyl points are the degenerate points in three-dimensional momentum space with nontrivial topological phase, which are usually realized in classical system with structure and symmetry designs. Here we proposed a one-dimensional layer-stacked photonic crystal using anisotropic materials to realize ideal type-II Weyl points without structure designs. The topological transition from two Dirac points to four Weyl points can be clearly observed by tuning the twist angle between layers. Besides, on the interface between the photonic type-II Weyl material and air, gappless surface states have also been demonstrated in an incomplete bulk bandgap. By breaking parameter symmetry, these ideal type-II Weyl points at the same frequency would transform into the non-ideal ones, and exhibit topological surface states with single group velocity. Our work may provide a new idea for the realization of photonic Weyl points or other semimetal phases by utilizing naturally anisotropic materials.
description: 9pages; 4 figures
Comments on Scalar-Tensor Representation of $f(R)$ Theories
Creators: name: Bisabr, Yousef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scalar-tensor representation of $f(R)$ theories with use of conformal transformations. In this representation, the model takes the form of the Brans-Dicke model with a potential function and a non-zero kinetic term for the scalar field. We show that due to interaction of the scalar field with matter systems, the corresponding matter stress tensor is not conserved and test particles experience an anomalous acceleration.
description: 7 pages, no figures, To appear in Physica Scripta
Sr and Ba abundance determinations: comparing machine-learning with star-by-star analyses -- High-resolution re-analysis of suspected LAMOST barium stars
Creators: name: Karinkuzhi, D.
name: Van Eck, S.
name: Jorissen, A.
name: Escorza, A.
name: Shetye, S.
name: Merle, T.
name: Siess, L.
name: Goriely, S.
name: Van Winckel, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new large sample of 895 s-process-rich candidates out of 454180 giant stars surveyed by LAMOST at low spectral resolution (R ~ 1800) has been reported by Norfolk et al. (2019; hereafter N19). We aim at confirming the s-process enrichment at the higher resolution (R ~ 86000) offered by the HERMES-Mercator spectrograph, for the 15 brightest targets of the previous study sample which consists in 13 Sr-only stars and two Ba-only stars. Abundances were derived for elements Li, C, N, O, Na, Mg, Fe, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, La, and Ce. Binarity has been tested by comparing the Gaia DR2 radial velocity with the HERMES velocity obtained 1600 - 1800 days later. Among the 15 programme stars, four show no s-process overabundances ([X/Fe] < 0.2 dex), eight show mild s-process overabundances (at least three heavy elements with 0.2 < [X/Fe] < 0.8), and three have strong overabundances (at least three heavy elements with [X/Fe] > 0.8). Among the 13 stars classified as Sr-only by the previous investigation, four have no s-process overabundances, eight are mild barium stars, and one is a strong barium star. The two Ba-only stars turn out to be both strong barium stars and are actually dwarf barium stars. They also show clear evidence for being binaries. Among the no-s stars, there are two binaries out of four, whereas only one out of the eight mild barium stars show a clear signature of radial-velocity variations. Blending effects and saturated lines have to be considered very carefully when using machine-learning techniques, especially on low-resolution spectra. Among the Sr-only stars from the previous study sample, one may expect about 60% (8/13) of them to be true mild barium stars and about 8% to be strong barium stars, and this fraction is likely close to 100% for the previous study Ba-only stars (2/2).
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 15 pages, 12 figures
Effect of the land use on the carbon storage in the soil fractions in the South of Portugal
Creators: name: Ferreiro-Dominguez, N.
name: Paulo, J.
name: Palma, J.
name: Rigueiro-Rodríguez, A.
name: Mosquera-Losada M., R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: climate change
silvopastoral systems

description: Soils play an important role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon and decreasing
greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere. The carbon associated to the different soil
fractions can vary over time due to several factors including biological system characteristics,
climatic conditions or land use. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of carbon
uses traditionally encountered in the semi-arid areas of the South of Portugal (natural forest
vegetation, agroforestry and agricultural). The experiment was carried out in three plots of the
Perímetro Florestal of Contenda located in the Baixo Alentejo province, South of Portugal.
The three selected plots were: i) a plot with natural forest vegetation, dominated by uneven
aged Quercus rotundifolia L. trees established through natural regeneration, ii) a plot with an
agroforestry land use (montado), in which uneven aged Quercus rotundifolia L. trees were
established and are currently at a low density (66 trees ha-1) and combined with an extensive
grazing with sheep, iii) a plot with an agricultural land use in which during the last six years
the soil was tilled to sow a mixture of grasses (triticale, oat and wheat) and legumes (clover)
for livestock feeding. In these plots soil samples were collected at a soil depth of 25 cm in
March 2017. In the plots with natural forest vegetation the soil samples were collected under
the trees and in the agroforestry plots the soil samples were collected under the trees and in
those areas not affected by the trees. In the laboratory, soil samples were physically fractio-
Elemental Analyzer. The percentage of carbon was used to calculate the carbon storage per
hectare (Mg C ha-1) in the soil fractions. The obtained results showed that the land use modified
the carbon storage in the soil fractions, mainly due to the different inputs of organic matter
to the soil and the management activities associated with each land use such as the soil
tillage or the livestock grazing. In this study, the trees established in the plots increased the
carbon storage per hectare in the macroaggregates and in microaggregates probably due to
the high inputs of organic matter to the soil coming from the tree leaves and roots. Therefore,
in semi-arid areas such as those in this study it could be recommended the implementation of
agroforestry systems such as the montado as a land use to mitigate the effect of the climate
change, allowing agricultural production.
Quantized vortices in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Kasamatsu, Kenichi
name: Tsubota, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this review, we give an overview of the experimental and theoretical advances in the physics of quantized vortices in dilute atomic-gas Bose--Einstein condensates in a trapping potential, especially focusing on experimental research activities and their theoretical interpretations. Making good use of the atom optical technique, the experiments have revealed many novel structural and dynamic properties of quantized vortices by directly visualizing vortex cores from an image of the density profiles. These results lead to a deep understanding of superfluid hydrodynamics of such systems. Typically, vortices are stabilized by a rotating potential created by a laser beam, magnetic field, and thermal gas. Finite size effects and inhomogeneity of the system, originating from the confinement by the trapping potential, yield unique vortex dynamics coupled with the collective excitations of the condensate. Measuring the frequencies of the collective modes is an accurate tool for clarifying the character of the vortex state. The topics included in this review are the mechanism of vortex formation, equilibrium properties, and dynamics of a single vortex and those of a vortex lattice in a rapidly rotating condensate.
description: 51 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Progress in Low Temperature Physics, vol. 16
Digital Twins based Day-ahead Integrated Energy System Scheduling under Load and Renewable Energy Uncertainties
Creators: name: You, Minglei
name: Wang, Qian
name: Sun, Hongjian
name: Castro, Ivan
name: Jiang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: By constructing digital twins (DT) of an integrated energy system (IES), one can benefit from DT's predictive capabilities to improve coordinations among various energy converters, hence enhancing energy efficiency, cost savings and carbon emission reduction. This paper is motivated by the fact that practical IESs suffer from multiple uncertainty sources, and complicated surrounding environment. To address this problem, a novel DT-based day-ahead scheduling method is proposed. The physical IES is modelled as a multi-vector energy system in its virtual space that interacts with the physical IES to manipulate its operations. A deep neural network is trained to make statistical cost-saving scheduling by learning from both historical forecasting errors and day-ahead forecasts. Case studies of IESs show that the proposed DT-based method is able to reduce the operating cost of IES by 63.5%, comparing to the existing forecast-based scheduling methods. It is also found that both electric vehicles and thermal energy storages play proactive roles in the proposed method, highlighting their importance in future energy system integration and decarbonisation.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures, journal paper accepted by Applied Energy
Pairing interaction in superconducting UCoGe tunable by magnetic field
Creators: name: Ishida, K.
name: Matsuzaki, S.
name: Manago, M.
name: Hattori, T.
name: Kitagawa, S.
name: Hirata, M.
name: Sasaki, T.
name: Aoki, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism of unconventional superconductivity, such as high-temperature-cuprate, Fe-based, and heavy-fermion superconductors, has been studied as a central issue in condensed-matter physics. Spin fluctuations, instead of phonons, are considered to be responsible for the formation of Cooper pairs, and many efforts have been made to confirm this mechanism experimentally. Although a qualitative consensus seems to have been obtained, experimental confirmation has not yet been achieved. This is owing to a lack of the quantitative comparison between theory and experiments. Here, we show a semi-quantitative comparison between the superconducting-transition temperature ($T_{\rm SC}$) and spin fluctuations derived from the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiment on the ferromagnetic (FM) superconductor UCoGe, in which the FM fluctuations and superconductivity are tunable by external fields. The enhancement and abrupt suppression of $T_{\rm SC}$ by applied fields, as well as the pressure variation of $T_{\rm SC}$ around the FM criticality are well understood by the change in the FM fluctuations on the basis of the single-band spin-triplet theoretical formalism. The present comparisons strongly support the theoretical formalism of spin-fluctuation-mediated superconductivity, particularly in UCoGe.
description: 10 pages, 8 pages. To be published in Phys. Rev. B
Independent Mexico in Newspapers, the 19th-Century: Guide to the Microfilm Set
Creators: name: Benavides, Adán
name: McAlester, Agnes
Publisher: name: University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2005
Subjects: Mexico
Mexican newspapers
Mexico - History - 19th century - newspapers

description: Bibliography was compiled and edited by Adán Benavides and Agnes L. McAlester for the Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection
description: The University of Texas Libraries' Nettie Lee Benson Latin American Collection has preserved on microfilm 192,527 pages from 579 Mexican newspaper titles which date from 1807 to 1900. The project, which ran from October 2002 through March 2005, was supported, in part, by grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities (PA24196-02) and the Latin American Microform Project (LAMP), a collaborative program of the Center for Research Libraries. In this microfilm set, the number of newspaper titles published within and outside of the Federal District is about equal: 280 (48%) published in the Distrito Federal, 299 (52%) published in Mexican cities from twenty-six states. The majority of pages, however, were published in Mexico City (81 %). These newspapers trace the evolution of the modern newspaper format in Mexico through its often turbulent history: from its status as a viceroyalty of the Spanish Crown to its early experiment in a monarchical form of government to its long struggle to determine a federalist system of government, with concomitant religious, social, and economic changes. Many of the newspaper issues in this set are rarely held in U.S. libraries, and some are uniquely held either by the Benson Collection or one of the eleven other participating libraries. 55% of the newspaper titles (317) and 62% of all the pages in this set came from Benson holdings. Several other libraries contributed an extraordinary number of unique titles as well as numerous supplementary issues: the Library of Congress (81 unique titles), Latin American Library at Tulane University (49), The University of Connecticut, Storrs (46), and the Sterling Library at Yale University (38). Seven other libraries contributed a total of 34 unique titles (see table 1 ). Well-known, long-running newspapers were omitted from the project if they were already available on archival microfilm through U.S. research institutions. The arrangement of the newspapers within the microfilm is alphabetical by state and city thereunder (reels 1 to 43), with newspapers published in the Distrito Federal following (reels 44 to 269). Addenda and errata appear in reels 270 to 284. This guide follows that arrangement and also ·contains an alphabetical list of the titles, which serves as an index to the newspapers. The reel and frame number in the alphabetical list refers to the first issue microfilmed and, if applicable, to the reel of addenda and errata; different newspapers with the same title are listed separately. The microfilm is available for purchase or through interlibrary loan.
Infrared imaging of samples in ultra high pressure diamond anvil cells
Creators: name: Patel, Tarun
name: Drozdov, A.
name: Minkov, V. S.
name: Eremets, M. I.
name: Nicol, E. J.
name: Carbotte, J. P.
name: Timusk, T.
name: Tsen, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an experimental platform that generates infrared images of micrometer-sized samples in the high pressure region of a diamond anvil cell. Using a 2.3 micron laser as a source of radiation, the system will be particularly useful in identifying hydride superconductors which exhibit an anomalous temperature dependence of reflectivity in the 2.3 micron region. Our system shows an intensity stability within one percent when the sample temperature is swept from 100 K to 300 K. The spatial stability is of the order of a few micrometers in the same temperature range.
Compiling and annotating miniCIEP+ a sharable parallel corpus of prose
Creators: name: Verkerk, Annemarie
name: Talamo, Luigi
name: Dyer, Andrew
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Slides for the workshop 'Research infrastructures and FAIR practices in linguistics', held at the conference Language & Languages at the crossroads of Disciplines Sorbonne Université, Paris 09-11 September 2024
d-wave Superconductivity, Orbital Magnetism, and Unidirectional Charge Order in the t-J Model
Creators: name: Raczkowski, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent scanning tunneling microscopy in the superconducting regime of two different cuprate families has revealed unidirectional bond-centered modulation in the local electronic density of states. Motivated by this result we investigate the emergence of modulated d-wave superconductivity coexisting with charge domains that form along one of the crystal axes. While detailed stripe profiles depend on the used form of the Gutzwiller factors, the tendency towards a valence bond crystal remain robust. We also find closely related stripe phase originating from the staggered flux phase, a candidate for the pseudogap phase of lightly doped cuprates.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Signals of the QCD Phase Transition in the Heavens
Creators: name: Schaffner-Bielich, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The modern phase diagram of strongly interacting matter reveals a rich structure at high-densities due to phase transitions related to the chiral symmetry of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the phenomenon of color superconductivity. These exotic phases have significant impacts on high-density astrophysics as the properties of neutron stars and the evolution of astrophysical systems as proto-neutron stars, core-collapse supernovae and neutron star mergers. Most recent pulsar mass measurements and constraints on neutron star radii are critically discussed. Astrophysical signals for exotic matter and phase transitions in high-density matter proposed recently in the literature are outlined. A strong first order phase transition leads to the emergence of a third family of compact stars besides white dwarfs and neutron stars. The different microphysics of quark matter results in an enhanced r-mode stability window for rotating compact stars compared to normal neutron stars. Future telescope and satellite data will allow to extract signals from phase transitions in dense matter in the heavens and will reveal properties of the phases of dense QCD. Spectral line profiles out of x-ray bursts will determine the mass-radius ratio of compact stars. Gravitational wave patterns from collapsing neutron stars or neutron star mergers will even be able to constrain the stiffness of the quark matter equation of state. Future astrophysical data can therefore provide a crucial cross-check to the exploration of the QCD phase diagram with the heavy-ion program of the CBM detector at the FAIR facility.
description: 13 pages, three figures, invited talk given at 4th international workshop on the 'Critical Point and Onset of Deconfinement' (CPOD2007), GSI Darmstadt, Germany, July 9-13, 2007 GSI Darmstadt,Germany, minor corrections to the text to match published version in PoS
A multi-zone model for simulating the high energy variability of TeV blazars
Creators: name: Graff, Philip B.
name: Georganopoulos, Markos
name: Perlman, Eric S.
name: Kazanas, Demosthenes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a time-dependent multi-zone code for simulating the variability of Synchrotron-Self Compton (SSC) sources. The code adopts a multi-zone pipe geometry for the emission region, appropriate for simulating emission from a standing or propagating shock in a collimated jet. Variations in the injection of relativistic electrons in the inlet propagate along the length of the pipe cooling radiatively. Our code for the first time takes into account the non-local, time-retarded nature of synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) losses that are thought to be dominant in TeV blazars. The observed synchrotron and SSC emission is followed self-consistently taking into account light travel time delays. At any given time, the emitting portion of the pipe depends on the frequency and the nature of the variation followed. Our simulation employs only one additional physical parameter relative to one-zone models, that of the pipe length and is computationally very efficient, using simplified expressions for the SSC processes. The code will be useful for observers modeling GLAST, TeV, and X-ray observations of SSC blazars.
description: ApJ, accepted
A global collaboration for systematic analysis of broad-ranging antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Creators: name: Gambiez, Anaïs
name: Park, Jun-Gyu
name: Osei-Twum, Mary
name: Team, The CoVIC-DB
name: Kellam, Paul
name: Martinez-Sobrido, Luis
name: Gagnon, Luc
name: Callaway, Heather M.
name: Hicks, Amberlee
name: Maingot, Billie
name: Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
name: Consortium, Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic
name: Feeney, Elizabeth
name: Torrelles, Jordi B.
name: Mahita, Jarjapu
name: Peters, Bjoern
name: Periasamy, Sivakumar
name: Khan, Sarwat
name: Horn, Gillian Q.
name: Abraha, Milite
name: Kuzmina, Natalia
name: Halfmann, Peter J.
name: Ye, Chengjin
name: Reece, Stephen
name: Tomaras, Georgia D.
name: Hastie, Kathryn M.
name: Pino, Paula A.
name: Bedinger, Daniel
name: Mallory, Michael
name: Maddocks, Melissa
name: Li, Kan
name: Ha, Brendan
name: Schendel, Sharon L.
name: Munt, Jennifer E.
name: Germann, Timothy
name: Troup, Camille
name: Palser, Anne
name: Lepage, Marie-Noelle
name: Bukreyev, Alexander
name: Scobey, Trevor
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: St-Amant, Natalie
name: Dennison, S. Moses
name: Yu, Xiaoying
name: Saphire, Erica Ollmann
name: Huntwork, Richard H.C.
name: Li, Haoyang
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2025

description:
The Coronavirus Immunotherapeutic Consortium (CoVIC) conducted side-by-side comparisons of over 400 anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike therapeutic antibody candidates contributed by large and small companies as well as academic groups on multiple continents. Nine reference labs analyzed antibody features, including in vivo protection in a mouse model of infection, spike protein affinity, high-resolution epitope binning, ACE-2 binding blockage, structures, and neutralization of pseudovirus and authentic virus infection, to build a publicly accessible dataset in the database CoVIC-DB. High-throughput, high-resolution binning of CoVIC antibodies defines a broad and predictive landscape of antibody epitopes on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and identifies features associated with durable potency against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and high in vivo efficacy. Results of the CoVIC studies provide a guide for selecting effective and durable antibody therapeutics and for immunogen design as well as providing a framework for rapid response to future viral disease outbreaks.
Popsynth: A generic astrophysical population synthesis framework
Creators: name: Burgess, J. Michael
name: Capel, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating a survey of fluxes and redshifts (distances) from an astrophysical population is a routine task. \texttt{popsynth} provides a generic, object-oriented framework to produce synthetic surveys from various distributions and luminosity functions, apply selection functions to the observed variables and store them in a portable (HDF5) format. Population synthesis routines can be constructed either using classes or from a serializable YAML format allowing flexibility and portability. Users can not only sample the luminosity and distance of the populations, but they can create auxiliary distributions for parameters which can have arbitrarily complex dependencies on one another. Thus, users can simulate complex astrophysical populations which can be used to calibrate analysis frameworks or quickly test ideas.
description: Accepted in JOSS
Ab initio melting curve of molybdenum by the phase coexistence method
Creators: name: Cazorla, C.
name: Gillan, M. J.
name: Taioli, S.
name: Alfè, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report ab initio calculations of the melting curve of molybdenum for the pressure range 0-400 GPa. The calculations employ density functional theory (DFT) with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional in the projector augmented wave (PAW) implementation. We present tests showing that these techniques accurately reproduce experimental data on low-temperature b.c.c. Mo, and that PAW agrees closely with results from the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave implementation. The work attempts to overcome the uncertainties inherent in earlier DFT calculations of the melting curve of Mo, by using the ``reference coexistence'' technique to determine the melting curve. In this technique, an empirical reference model (here, the embedded-atom model) is accurately fitted to DFT molecular dynamics data on the liquid and the high-temperature solid, the melting curve of the reference model is determined by simulations of coexisting solid and liquid, and the ab initio melting curve is obtained by applying free-energy corrections. Our calculated melting curve agrees well with experiment at ambient pressure and is consistent with shock data at high pressure, but does not agree with the high pressure melting curve deduced from static compression experiments. Calculated results for the radial distribution function show that the short-range atomic order of the liquid is very similar to that of the high-T solid, with a slight decrease of coordination number on passing from solid to liquid. The electronic densities of states in the two phases show only small differences. The results do not support a recent theory according to which very low dTm/dP values are expected for b.c.c. transition metals because of electron redistribution between s-p and d states.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures. to be published in Journal of Chemical Physics
Learning about comets from the study of mass distributions and fluxes of meteoroid streams
Creators: name: Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M.
name: Blum, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Meteor physics can provide new clues about the size, structure, and density of cometary disintegration products, establishing a bridge between different research fields. From meteor magnitude data we have estimated the mass distribution of meteoroids from different cometary streams by using the relation between the luminosity and the mass obtained by Verniani (1973). These mass distributions are in the range observed for dust particles released from comets 1P/Halley and 81P/Wild 2 as measured from spacecraft. From the derived mass distributions, we have integrated the incoming mass for the most significant meteor showers. By comparing the mass of the collected Interplanetary Dust Particles (IDPs) with that derived for cometary meteoroids a gap of several orders of magnitude is encountered. The largest examples of fluffy particles are clusters of IDPs no larger than 100 micrometers in size (or 5x10^-7 g in mass) while the largest cometary meteoroids are centimeter-sized objects. Such gaps can be explained by the fragmentation in the interstellar medium or in the atmosphere of the original cometary particles. As an application of the mass distribution computations we describe the significance of the disruption of fragile comets in close approaches to Earth as a more efficient (and probably more frequent) way to deliver volatiles than direct impacts. We finally apply our model to quantify the flux of meteoroids from different meteoroid streams, and to describe the main physical processes contributing to the progressive decay of cometary meteoroids in the interplanetary medium.
description: Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on Sept. 28th, 2021; 27 pages, 3 tables and 3 figures
A Precise Multi-Channel QDC FEE utilizing FPGAs as Discriminators and Delay Elements Based on the TRB3 as TDC and Readout Platform
Creators: name: Traxler, M.
name: Galatyuk, T.
name: Michel, J.
name: Kardan, B.
name: Koenig, W.
name: Linev, S.
name: Neiser, A.
name: Ott, P.
name: Otte, P.
name: Rost, A.
name: Skott, P.
name: Thomas, A.
name: Ugur, C.
Publisher: name: GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt
Year: 2014
Subjects: Physics

description: GSI Scientific Report 2013 - GSI Report 2014-1
Deformation-Aware Robotic 3D Ultrasound
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhongliang
name: Zhou, Yue
name: Bi, Yuan
name: Zhou, Mingchuan
name: Wendler, Thomas
name: Navab, Nassir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tissue deformation in ultrasound (US) imaging leads to geometrical errors when measuring tissues due to the pressure exerted by probes. Such deformation has an even larger effect on 3D US volumes as the correct compounding is limited by the inconsistent location and geometry. This work proposes a patient-specified stiffness-based method to correct the tissue deformations in robotic 3D US acquisitions. To obtain the patient-specified model, robotic palpation is performed at sampling positions on the tissue. The contact force, US images and the probe poses of the palpation procedure are recorded. The contact force and the probe poses are used to estimate the nonlinear tissue stiffness. The images are fed to an optical flow algorithm to compute the pixel displacement. Then the pixel-wise tissue deformation under different forces is characterized by a coupled quadratic regression. To correct the deformation at unseen positions on the trajectory for building 3D volumes, an interpolation is performed based on the stiffness values computed at the sampling positions. With the stiffness and recorded force, the tissue displacement could be corrected. The method was validated on two blood vessel phantoms with different stiffness. The results demonstrate that the method can effectively correct the force-induced deformation and finally generate 3D tissue geometries
description: Accepted for publication in IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters; Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MlZtugQ2cvQ
GRB 071003: Broadband Follow-up Observations of a Very Bright Gamma-Ray Burst in a Galactic Halo
Creators: name: Perley, D. A.
name: Li, W.
name: Chornock, R.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
name: Butler, N. R.
name: Chandra, P.
name: Pollack, L. K.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Swan, H.
name: Yuan, F.
name: Akerlof, C.
name: Auger, M. W.
name: Cenko, S. B.
name: Chen, H. -W.
name: Fassnacht, C. D.
name: Fox, D.
name: Frail, D.
name: Johansson, E. M.
name: Mignant, D. Le
name: McKay, T.
name: Modjaz, M.
name: Rujopakarn, W.
name: Russell, R.
name: Skinner, M. A.
name: Smith, G. H.
name: Smith, I.
name: van Dam, M. A.
name: Yost, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical afterglow of long-duration GRB 071003 is among the brightest yet to be detected from any GRB, with R ~ 12 mag in KAIT observations starting 42 s after the GRB trigger, including filtered detections during prompt emission. However, our high S/N ratio afterglow spectrum displays only extremely weak absorption lines at what we argue is the host redshift of z = 1.60435 - in contrast to the three other, much stronger Mg II absorption systems observed at lower redshifts. Together with Keck adaptive optics observations which fail to reveal a host galaxy coincident with the burst position, our observations suggest a halo progenitor and offer a cautionary tale about the use of Mg II for GRB redshift determination. We present early through late-time observations spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, constrain the connection between the prompt emission and early variations in the light curve (we observe no correlation), and discuss possible origins for an unusual, marked rebrightening that occurs a few hours after the burst: likely either a late-time refreshed shock or a wide-angle secondary jet. Analysis of the late-time afterglow is most consistent with a wind environment, suggesting a massive star progenitor. Together with GRB 070125, this may indicate that a small but significant portion of star formation in the early universe occurred far outside what we consider a normal galactic disk.
description: 24 pages, 14 figures, 12 tables. Accepted for publication by ApJ. Contains minor revisions and additional authors
Weak-field limit of conformal Weyl gravity
Creators: name: Barabash, O. V.
name: Pyatkovska, H. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the weak-field limit of the conformal Weyl gravity suggested by Mannheim as an alternative to Einstein's General Relativity modeling both dark matter and dark energy. We solve the field equations of the theory in the weak-field approximation for an arbitrary spherically symmetric static distribution of matter in the physical gauge with constant scalar field. Analysing the obtained solution, we conclude that the conformal theory of gravitaty is inconsistent with the Solar-system observational data.
description: 9 pages, 0 figures
Fermion Families from Two Layer Warped Extra Dimensions
Creators: name: Guo, Zhi-qiang
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In extra dimensions, the quark and lepton mass hierarchy can be reproduced from the same order bulk mass parameters, and standard model fermion families can be generated from one generation in the high dimensional space. We try to explain the origin of the same order bulk mass parameters and address the family replication puzzle simultaneously. We show that they correlate with each other. We construct models that families are generated from extra dimensional space, and in the meantime the bulk mass parameters of same order emerge naturally. The interesting point is that the bulk mass parameters, which are in same order, correspond to the eigenvalues of a Schrödinger-like equation. We also discuss the problem existing in this approach.
description: 21 latex pages, final version to appear in JHEP
Investigating gluino production at the LHC
Creators: name: Mariotto, C. Brenner
name: Rodriguez, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gluinos are expected to be one of the most massive sparticles (supersymmetric partners of usual particles) which constitute the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). The gluinos are the partners of the gluons and they are color octet fermions, due this fact they can not mix with the other particles. Therefore in several scenarios, given at SPS convention, they are the most massive particles and their nature is a Majorana fermion. Therefore their production is only feasible at a very energetic machine such as the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Being the fermion partners of the gluons, their role and interactions are directly related with the properties of the supersymmetric QCD (sQCD). We review the mechanisms for producing gluinos at the LHC and investigate the total cross section and differential distributions, making an analysis of their uncertainties, such as the gluino and squark masses, as obtained in several scenarios, commenting on the possibilities of discriminating among them.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, presented at II Latin American Workshop on High Energy Phenomenology, December 3-7, 2007, Sao Miguel das Missoes, Brazil