cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
One-Stop Automated Diagnostic System for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Ultrasound Images Using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Peng, Jiayu
name: Zeng, Jiajun
name: Lai, Manlin
name: Huang, Ruobing
name: Ni, Dong
name: Li, Zhenzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Objective: Ultrasound (US) examination has unique advantages in diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) while identifying the median nerve (MN) and diagnosing CTS depends heavily on the expertise of examiners. To alleviate this problem, we aimed to develop a one-stop automated CTS diagnosis system (OSA-CTSD) and evaluate its effectiveness as a computer-aided diagnostic tool. Methods: We combined real-time MN delineation, accurate biometric measurements, and explainable CTS diagnosis into a unified framework, called OSA-CTSD. We collected a total of 32,301 static images from US videos of 90 normal wrists and 40 CTS wrists for evaluation using a simplified scanning protocol. Results: The proposed model showed better segmentation and measurement performance than competing methods, reporting that HD95 score of 7.21px, ASSD score of 2.64px, Dice score of 85.78%, and IoU score of 76.00%, respectively. In the reader study, it demonstrated comparable performance with the average performance of the experienced in classifying the CTS, while outperformed that of the inexperienced radiologists in terms of classification metrics (e.g., accuracy score of 3.59% higher and F1 score of 5.85% higher). Conclusion: The OSA-CTSD demonstrated promising diagnostic performance with the advantages of real-time, automation, and clinical interpretability. The application of such a tool can not only reduce reliance on the expertise of examiners, but also can help to promote the future standardization of the CTS diagnosis process, benefiting both patients and radiologists.
description: Accepted by Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
Dynamic Plasmonic System That Responds to Thermal and Aptamer-Target Regulations
Creators: name: Zhou, Chao
name: Xin, Ling
name: Duan, Xiaoyang
name: Urban, Maximilian J.
name: Liu, Na
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The DNA origami technique has empowered a new paradigm in plasmonics for manipulating light and matter at the nanoscale. This interdisciplinary field has witnessed vigorous growth, outlining a viable route to construct advanced plasmonic architectures with tailored optical properties. However, so far plasmonic systems templated by DNA origami have been restricted to respond to only single stimuli. Despite broad interest and scientific importance, thermal and aptamer-target regulations have not yet been widely utilized to reconfigure three-dimensional plasmonic architectures. In this Letter, we demonstrate a chiral plasmonic nanosystem integrated with split aptamers, which can respond to both thermal and aptamer-target regulations. We show that our dual-responsive system can be noninvasively tuned in a wide range of temperatures, readily correlating thermal control with optical signal changes. Meanwhile, our system can detect specific targets including adenosine triphosphate and cocaine molecules, which further enhance the optical response modulations and in turn influence the thermal tunability.
Eugeniusz Kruszewski, Polska polityka w raportach duńskich dyplomatów (1919-1926)
Creators: name: Hartmann, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2008

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 57 Nr. 3 (2008): Marienkult, Cyrillo-Methodiana und Antemurale. Religiöse Erinnerungsorte in Ostmitteleuropa vor und nach 1989
The development of intergovernmental relations in the province of British Columbia
Creators: name: Howlett, Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis examines the development of federal-provincial relations in British Columbia in the areas of fiscal federalism, the economy, and the constitution. From an historical survey of federal-provincial interactions in these areas provincial developments are found to correspond to key periods in the development of the structures of intergovernmental relations within other Canadian governments. As is the case with those other governments, the British Columbia developments are explained by the increasing impact economic and social development issues have had on essentially static federal-provincial constitutional jurisdictions. However, a gap is found to exist in the case of B.C. between the time such issues arose in the immediate post World War II period and the time the provincial government began addressing them on a systematic intergovernmental basis in the mid 1970's. In order to understand this gap the development of the internal organization of the provincial government is examined and the types of administrative agencies established to conduct its intergovernmental relations are discussed. From this analysis it emerges that such internal administrative factors as the tradition of a strong Premier and Cabinet have significantly influenced the conduct and effectiveness of the province's intergovernmental relations.
Watching a Single Fluorophore Molecule Walk into a Plasmonic Hotspot
Creators: name: Xin, Ling
name: Lu, Mo
name: Both, Steffen
name: Pfeiffer, Markus
name: Urban, Maximilian J.
name: Zhou, Chao
name: Yan, Hao
name: Weiss, Thomas
name: Liu, Na
name: Lindfors, Klas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plasmonic nanoantennas allow for enhancing the spontaneous emission, altering the emission polarization, and shaping the radiation pattern of quantum emitters. A critical challenge for the experimental realizations is positioning a single emitter into the hotspot of a plasmonic antenna with nanoscale accuracy. We demonstrate a dynamic light-matter interaction nanosystem enabled by the DNA origami technique. A single fluorophore molecule can autonomously and unidirectionally walk into the hotspot of a plasmonic nanoantenna along a designated origami track. Successive fluorescence intensity increase and lifetime reduction are in situ monitored using single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy, while the fluorophore walker gradually approaches and eventually enters the plasmonic hotspot. Our scheme offers a dynamic platform, which can be used to develop functional materials, investigate intriguing light-matter interaction phenomena, and serve as prototype system for examining theoretical models.
Evaporation of large black holes in AdS: coupling to the evaporon
Creators: name: Rocha, Jorge V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large black holes in an asymptotically AdS spacetime have a dual description in terms of approximately thermal states in the boundary CFT. The reflecting boundary conditions of AdS prevent such black holes from evaporating completely. On the other hand, the formulation of the information paradox becomes more stringent when a black hole is allowed to evaporate. In order to address the information loss problem from the AdS/CFT perspective we then need the boundary to become partially absorptive. We present a simple model that produces the necessary changes on the boundary by coupling a bulk scalar field to the evaporon, an external field propagating in one extra spatial dimension. The interaction is localized at the boundary of AdS and leads to partial transmission into the additional space. The transmission coefficient is computed in the planar limit and perturbatively in the coupling constant. Evaporation of the large black hole corresponds to cooling down the CFT by transferring energy to an external sector.
description: 1+17 pages, 3 figures. v3: added discussion and a reference
Validity of the Brunet-Derrida formula for the speed of pulled fronts with a cutoff
Creators: name: Benguria, R. D.
name: Depassier, M. C.
name: Loss, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish rigorous upper and lower bounds for the speed of pulled fronts with a cutoff. We show that the Brunet-Derrida formula corresponds to the leading order expansion in the cut-off parameter of both the upper and lower bounds. For sufficiently large cut-off parameter the Brunet-Derrida formula lies outside the allowed band determined from the bounds. If nonlinearities are neglected the upper and lower bounds coincide and are the exact linear speed for all values of the cut-off parameter.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Kerstin Kirsch, Slawen und Deutsche in der Uckermark. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Siedlungsentwicklung vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Brather, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 2 (2005)
From nucleation to percolation: the effect of system size and system disorder
Creators: name: Roy, Subhadeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phase diagram for a one dimensional fiber bundle model is constructed with a continuous variation in two parameters guiding dynamics of the model: strength of disorder and system size. We monitor the successive events of fiber rupture in order to understand the spatial correlation associated with it. We observe three distinct regions with increasing disorder strength. (I) Nucleation - a crack propagates from a particular nucleus with very high spatial correlation and causes global failure; (II) Avalanche - the rupture events show precursors activities with a number of bursts. (III) Percolation - the rupture events are spatially uncorrelated like a percolation process. As the size of the bundle is increased, it favors the nucleating failure. In the thermodynamic limit, we only observe a nucleating failure unless the disorder strength is infinitely high.
description: I have combined this paper with another one and the whole manuscript is uploaded in Arxiv separately titled "From nucleation to percolation: the effect of system size when disorder and stress localization compete"
Die Juden in der Sicht der polnischen Bauernparteien vom Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis 1939
Creators: name: Struve, Kai
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Magnetic susceptibility of the QCD vacuum at finite quark-chemical potential
Creators: name: Nam, Seung-il
name: Ryu, Hui-Young
name: Musakhanov, M. M.
name: Kim, Hyun-Chul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the QCD magnetic susceptibility chi at the finite quark-chemical potential (mu>0) and at zero temperature (T=0) to explore the pattern of the magnetic phase transition of the QCD vacuum. For this purpose, we employ the nonlocal chiral quark model derived from the instanton vacuum in the presence of the chemical potential in the chiral limit. Focusing on the Nambu-Goldstone phase, we find that the magnetic susceptibility remains almost stable to mu~200 MeV, and falls down drastically until the the quark-chemical potential reaches the critical point mu_c~320 MeV. Then, the strength of the chi is reduced to be about a half of that at mu=0, and the first-order magnetic phase transition takes place, corresponding to the chiral restoration. From these observations, we conclude that the response of the QCD vacuum becomes weak and unstable to the external electromagnetic field near the critical point, in comparison to that for vacuum. It is also shown that the breakdown of Lorentz invariance for the magnetic susceptibility, caused by the finite chemical potential, turns out to be small.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Birgit Schwelling, Heimkehr - Erinnerung - Integration. Der Verband der Heimkehrer, die ehemaligen Kriegsgefangenen und die westdeutsche Nachkriegsgesellschaft
Creators: name: Voßkamp, Sabine
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2011

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 60 Nr. 1 (2011)
Tidal disruption event discs are larger than they seem: removing systematic biases in TDE X-ray spectral modelling
Creators: name: Mummery, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The physical sizes of TDE accretion discs are regularly inferred, from the modelling of the TDEs X-ray spectrum as a single temperature blackbody, to be smaller than the plausible event horizons of the black holes which they occur around - a clearly unphysical result. In this Letter we demonstrate that the use of single-temperature blackbody functions results in the systematic underestimation of TDE accretion disc sizes by as much as an order-of-magnitude. In fact, the radial `size' inferred from fitting a single temperature blackbody to an observed accretion disc X-ray spectrum does not even positively correlate with the physical size of that accretion disc. We further demonstrate that the disc-observer inclination angle and absorption of X-ray photons may both lead to additional underestimation of the radial sizes of TDE discs, but by smaller factors. To rectify these issues we present a new fitting function which accurately reproduces the size of an accretion disc from its 0.3-10 keV X-ray spectrum. Unlike traditional approaches, this new fitting function does not assume that the accretion disc has reached a steady state configuration, an assumption which is unlikely to be satisfied by most TDEs. An XSPEC implementation of this new fitting function is available at github.com/andymummeryastro/TDEdiscXraySpectrum.
description: Accepted by MNRAS Letters. XSPEC model available at github.com/andymummeryastro/TDEdiscXraySpectrum
Statistical Study on Spatial Distribution and Polarization of Saturn Narrowband Emissions
Creators: name: Wu, Siyuan.
name: Ye, Shengyi.
name: Fischer, Georg.
name: Wang, Jian.
name: Long, Minyi.
name: Menietti, John. D.
name: Cecconi, Baptiste.
name: Kurth, William. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spatial distribution and polarization of Saturn narrowband (NB) emissions have been studied by using Cassini Radio and Plasma Wave Sciences data and goniopolarimetric data obtained through an inversion algorithm with a preset source located at the center of Saturn. From 2004 January 1 to 2017 September 12, NB emissions were selected automatically by a computer program and rechecked manually. The spatial distribution shows a preference for high latitude and intensity peaks in the region within 6 Saturn radii for both 5 and 20 kHz NB emissions. 5 kHz NB emissions also show a local time preference roughly in the 18:00-22:00 sector. The Enceladus plasma torus makes it difficult for NB emissions to propagate to the low latitude regions outside the plasma torus. The extent of the low latitude regions where 5 and 20 kHz NB emissions were never observed is consistent with the corresponding plasma torus density contour in the meridional plane. 20 kHz NB emissions show a high circular polarization while 5 kHz NB emissions are less circularly polarized with |V|<0.6 for majority of the cases. And cases of 5kHz NB emissions with high circular polarization are more frequently observed at high latitude especially at the northern and southern edges of the Enceladus plasma torus.
description: accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Search of stochastically gated targets with diffusive particles under resetting
Creators: name: Mercado-Vásquez, Gabriel
name: Boyer, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of Poissonian resetting at a constant rate $r$ on the reaction time between a Brownian particle and a stochastically gated target are studied. The target switches between a reactive state and a non-reactive one. We calculate the mean time at which the particle subject to resetting hits the target for the first time, while the latter is in the reactive state. The search time is minimum at a resetting rate that depends on the target transition rates. When the target relaxation rate is much larger than both the resetting rate and the inverse diffusion time, the system becomes equivalent to a partially absorbing boundary problem. In other cases, however, the optimal resetting rate can be a non-monotonic function of the target rates, a feature not observed in partial absorption. We compute the relative fluctuations of the first hitting time around its mean and compare our results with the ungated case. The usual universal behavior of these fluctuations for resetting processes at their optimum breaks down due to the target internal dynamics.
description: 5 figures
Deep Neural Network for Musical Instrument Recognition using MFCCs
Creators: name: Mahanta, Saranga Kingkor
name: Khilji, Abdullah Faiz Ur Rahman
name: Pakray, Partha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The task of efficient automatic music classification is of vital importance and forms the basis for various advanced applications of AI in the musical domain. Musical instrument recognition is the task of instrument identification by virtue of its audio. This audio, also termed as the sound vibrations are leveraged by the model to match with the instrument classes. In this paper, we use an artificial neural network (ANN) model that was trained to perform classification on twenty different classes of musical instruments. Here we use use only the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) of the audio data. Our proposed model trains on the full London philharmonic orchestra dataset which contains twenty classes of instruments belonging to the four families viz. woodwinds, brass, percussion, and strings. Based on experimental results our model achieves state-of-the-art accuracy on the same.
description: Was suggested to upload on a later date
Chromospheric Heating by MHD Waves and Instabilities
Creators: name: Srivastava, A. K.
name: Ballester, J. L.
name: Cally, P. S.
name: Carlsson, M.
name: Goossens, M.
name: Jess, D. B.
name: Khomenko, E.
name: Mathioudakis, M.
name: Murawski, K.
name: Zaqarashvili, T. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The importance of the chromosphere in the mass and energy transport within the solar atmosphere is now widely recognised. This review discusses the physics of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves and instabilities in large-scale chromospheric structures as well as in magnetic flux tubes. We highlight a number of key observational aspects that have helped our understanding of the role of the solar chromosphere in various dynamic processes and wave phenomena, and the heating scenario of the solar chromosphere is also discussed. The review focuses on the physics of waves and invokes the basics of plasma instabilities in the context of this important layer of the solar atmosphere. Potential implications, future trends and outstanding questions are also delineated.
description: This is an invited review article in the special issue "Solar and Heliospheric Plasma Structures: Waves, Turbulence, and Dissipation" of JGR - Space Physics (57 pages, 9 figures, Paper #2020JA029097R) with Editors: Leon Ofman and Shreekrishna Tripathi
Quasinormal Modes and Late-Time Tails of Canonical Acoustic Black Holes
Creators: name: Xi, Ping
name: Li, Xin-Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the evolution of classical wave propagation in the canonical acoustic black hole by numerical method and discuss the details of tail phenomenon. The oscillating frequency and damping time scale both increase with the angular momentum $l$. For the lower $l$, numerical results show the lowest WKB approximation gives the most reliable result. We also find that time scale of the interim region from ringing to tail is not affected obviously by changing $l$.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Optimal ISW detection and joint likelihood for cosmological parameter estimation
Creators: name: Frommert, Mona
name: Ensslin, Torsten A.
name: Kitaura, Francisco S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the local variance effect in the standard method for detecting the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect (ISW) via cross-correlating the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with the large-scale structure (LSS). Local variance is defined as the systematic noise in the ISW detection that originates in the realisation of the matter distribution in the observed Universe. We show that the local variance contributes about 11 per cent to the total variance in the standard method, if a perfect and complete LSS survey up to z ~ 2 is assumed. Due to local variance, the estimated detection significance and cosmological parameter constraints in the standard method are biased. In this work, we present an optimal method of how to reduce the local variance effect in the ISW detection by working conditional on the LSS-data. The variance of the optimal method, and hence the signal-to-noise ratio, depends on the actual realisation of the matter distribution in the observed Universe. We show that for an ideal galaxy survey, the average signal-to-noise ratio is enhanced by about 7 per cent in the optimal method, as compared to the standard method. Furthermore, in the optimal method there is no need to estimate the covariance matrix by Monte Carlo simulations as in the standard method, which saves time and increases the accuracy. Finally, we derive the correct joint likelihood function for cosmological parameters given CMB- and LSS-data within the linear LSS formation regime, which includes a small coupling of the two datasets due to the ISW effect.
description: Proof added to appendix. Minor changes to text and formulae. Results and figures unchanged. Matches published MNRAS version
Bootstrap and the physical values of $πN$ resonance parameters
Creators: name: Semenov-Tian-Shansky, Kirill M.
name: Vereshagin, Alexander V.
name: Vereshagin, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the 6th paper in the series developing the formalism to manage the effective scattering theory of strong interactions. Relying on the theoretical scheme suggested in our previous publications we concentrate here on the practical aspect and apply our technique to the elastic pion-nucleon scattering amplitude. We test numerically the pion-nucleon spectrum sum rules that follow from the tree level bootstrap constraints. We show how these constraints can be used to estimate the tensor and vector $NNρ$ coupling constants. At last, we demonstrate that the tree-level low energy expansion coefficients computed in the framework of our approach show nice agreement with known experimental data. These results allow us to claim that the extended perturbation scheme is quite reasonable from the computational point of view.
description: 41 pages, 7 figures
Systematic study of carrier correlations in the electron-hole recombination dynamics of quantum dots
Creators: name: Berstermann, T.
name: Auer, T.
name: Kurtze, H.
name: Schwab, M.
name: Yakovlev, D. R.
name: Bayer, M.
name: Wiersig, J.
name: Gies, C.
name: Jahnke, F.
name: Reuter, D.
name: Wieck, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state carrier dynamics in self-assembled (In,Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots has been studied using time-resolved photoluminescence and transmission. By varying the dot design with respect to confinement and doping, the dynamics is shown to follow in general a non-exponential decay. Only for specific conditions in regard to optical excitation and carrier population, for example, the decay can be well described by a mono-exponential form. For resonant excitation of the ground state transition a strong shortening of the luminescence decay time is observed as compared to the non-resonant case. The results are consistent with a microscopic theory that accounts for deviations from a simple two-level picture.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
BESPOC Implementation at Baltic Universities, A LibOCS Analysis Report and Initial Recommendations
Creators: name: Ignat, Tiberius
name: Sabaitytė, Giedrė
name: Laima, Bucevičiūtė
name: Lembinen, Liisi
name: Neerut, Lilian
name: Kaseorg, Svea
name: Rozenberga, Gita
name: Birk, Kaarin
name: Tõiste, Tuuliki
name: Tautkevičienė, Gintarė
name: Pranckutė, Aistė
name: Zourou, Katerina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This report is an outcome of the LibOCS Project, falling under PR5 (Project Result 5), for which Immer Besser GmbH holds responsibility. The blend of our methodology ensured that the report is not just informative but actionable, laying the groundwork for future endeavours in establishing a central support service for Citizen Science at universities.

Our approach aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential for adoption of a Citizen Science (CS) single point of contact at universities (BESPOC) while also exploring existing research management flows, public engagement activities at participant universities (LibOCS HEIs, Higher Education Institutions), and connectors between university’s services, based on the BESPOC model. 

Project Number: 2021-1-EE01-KA220-HED-000031125

Project Acronym: LibOCS, Project Title: University libraries strengthening the academia-society connection through citizen science in the Baltics

This project is funded under the Erasmus+ KA2 Strategic Partnerships program.
On the distribution of career longevity and the evolution of home run prowess in professional baseball
Creators: name: Petersen, Alexander
name: Jung, Woo-Sung
name: Stanley, H. Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Statistical analysis is a major aspect of baseball, from player averages to historical benchmarks and records. Much of baseball fanfare is based around players exceeding the norm, some in a single game and others over a long career. Career statistics serve as a metric for classifying players and establishing their historical legacy. However, the concept of records and benchmarks assumes that the level of competition in baseball is stationary in time. Here we show that power-law probability density functions, a hallmark of many complex systems that are driven by competition, govern career longevity in baseball. We also find similar power laws in the density functions of all major performance metrics for pitchers and batters. The use of performance-enhancing drugs has a dark history, emerging as a problem for both amateur and professional sports. We find statistical evidence consistent with performance-enhancing drugs in the analysis of home runs hit by players in the last 25 years. This is corroborated by the findings of the Mitchell Report [1], a two-year investigation into the use of illegal steroids in major league baseball, which recently revealed that over 5 percent of major league baseball players tested positive for performance-enhancing drugs in an anonymous 2003 survey.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, 2-column revtex4 format. Revision has change of title, a figure added, and minor changes in response to referee comments
Quantum phase transitions and new scales in QCD-like theories
Creators: name: Unsal, Mithat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is commonly believed that in confining vector-like gauge theories the center and chiral symmetry realizations are parametrically entangled, and if phase transitions occur, they must take place around the strong scale $Λ^{-1}$ of the gauge theory. We demonstrate that (non-thermal) vector-like theories formulated on ${\mathbb R}^{3} \times S^1$ where $S^1$ is a spatial circle exhibit new dynamical scales and new phenomena. There are chiral phase transitions taking place at $Λ^{-1}/N_c$ in the absence of any change in center symmetry. $Λ^{-1}/N_c$, invisible in (planar) perturbation theory, is also the scale where abelian versus non-abelian confinement regimes meet. Large $N_c$ volume independence (a working Eguchi-Kawai reduction) provides new insights and independently confirms the existence of these scales. We show that certain phases and scales are outside the reach of holographic (supergravity) modeling of QCD.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Numerical Improvement of the Discrete Element Method applied to Shear of Granular Media
Creators: name: Peña, Andrés A.
name: Lind, Pedro G.
name: McNamara, Sean
name: Herrmann, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the bounds on the integration step in Discrete Element Method (DEM) for simulating collisions and shearing of granular assemblies. We show that, in the numerical scheme, the upper limit for the integration step, usually taken from the average time $t_c$ of one contact, is in fact not sufficiently small to guarantee numerical convergence of the system during relaxation. In particular, we study in detail how the kinetic energy decays during the relaxation stage and compute the correct upper limits for the integration step, which are significantly smaller than the ones commonly used. In addition, we introduce an alternative approach, based on simple relations to compute the frictional forces, that converges even for integration steps above the upper limit.
description: 16 page, 10 figures, submitted to Acta Mechanica, Special Issue to Honour J.D Goddard
Uncertainty calibration for probabilistic projection methods
Creators: name: Fanaskov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Classical Krylov subspace projection methods for the solution of linear problem $Ax = b$ output an approximate solution $\widetilde{x}\simeq x$. Recently, it has been recognized that projection methods can be understood from a statistical perspective. These probabilistic projection methods return a distribution $p(\widetilde{x})$ in place of a point estimate $\widetilde{x}$. The resulting uncertainty, codified as a distribution, can, in theory, be meaningfully combined with other uncertainties, can be propagated through computational pipelines, and can be used in the framework of probabilistic decision theory. The problem we address is that the current probabilistic projection methods lead to the poorly calibrated posterior distribution. We improve the covariance matrix from previous works in a way that it does not contain such undesirable objects as $A^{-1}$ or $A^{-1}A^{-T}$, results in nontrivial uncertainty, and reproduces an arbitrary projection method as a mean of the posterior distribution. We also propose a variant that is numerically inexpensive in the case the uncertainty is calibrated a priori. Since it usually is not, we put forward a practical way to calibrate uncertainty that performs reasonably well, albeit at the expense of roughly doubling the numerical cost of the underlying projection method.
Elastic contact between self-affine surfaces: Comparison of numerical stress and contact correlation functions with analytic predictions
Creators: name: Campana, Carlos
name: Muser, Martin H.
name: Robbins, Mark O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contact between an elastic manifold and a rigid substrate with a self-affine fractal surface is reinvestigated with Green's function molecular dynamics. Stress and contact autocorrelation functions (ACFs) are found to decrease algebraically. A rationale is provided for the observed similarity in the exponents for stress and contact ACFs. Both exponents differ substantially from analytic predictions over the range of Hurst roughness exponents studied. The effect of increasing the range of interactions from a hard sphere repulsion to exponential decay is analyzed. Results for exponential interactions are accurately described by recent systematic corrections to Persson's contact mechanics theory. The relation between the area of simply connected contact patches and the normal force is also studied. Below a threshold size the contact area and force are consistent with Hertzian contact mechanics, while area and force are linearly related in larger contact patches.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Diktaturbewältigung und nationale Selbstvergewisserung. Geschichtskulturen in Polen und Spanien im Vergleich
Creators: name: Struve, Kai
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2005

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 54 Nr. 2 (2005)
Limits on the Superconducting Order Parameter in NdFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_y$ from Scanning SQUID Microscopy
Creators: name: Hicks, C. W.
name: Lippman, T. M.
name: Huber, M. E.
name: Ren, Z. A.
name: Zhao, Z. X.
name: Moler, K. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Identifying the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter in the recently-discovered ferro-oxypnictide family of superconductors, RFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_{y}$, where $R$ is a rare earth, is a high priority. Many of the proposed order parameters have internal $π$ phase shifts, like the d-wave order found in the cuprates, which would result in direction-dependent phase shifts in tunnelling. In dense polycrystalline samples, these phase shifts in turn would result in spontaneous orbital currents and magnetization in the superconducting state. We perform scanning SQUID microscopy on a dense polycrystalline sample of \NdFeAsO$_{0.94}$F$_{0.06}$ with $T_c=48$ K and find no such spontaneous currents, ruling out many of the proposed order parameters.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; to appear in JPSJ
Effect of acquisition time on image quality and lesion detectability with 131I SPECT: A phantom study
Creators: name: Supakiet Piasanthia
name: Putthiporn Charoenphun
name: Wirinya Saengthamchai
name: Krisanat Chuamsaamarkkee
Publisher: name: Faculty of Associated Sciences, Chiang Mai University
Year: 2021
Subjects: I-131 SPECT
lesion detectability
contrast
contrast-to-noise ratio
acquisition time

description: Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 54, 3, 78-83
Christoph Schutte, Die Königliche Akademie in Posen (1903-1919) und andere kulturelle Einrichtungen im Rahmen der Politik zur „Hebung des Deutschtums“
Creators: name: Hofmann, Andreas R.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2008

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 57 Nr. 3 (2008): Marienkult, Cyrillo-Methodiana und Antemurale. Religiöse Erinnerungsorte in Ostmitteleuropa vor und nach 1989
Quality of life outcomes following 1 year encouragement of pelvic floor muscle exercise among urinary incontinence women living in the community
Creators: name: Jitapa Chawawisuttikool
name: Thanyaluck Sriboonreung
name: Araya Yankai
name: Parameyong, Arisa
Publisher: name: Faculty of Associated Sciences, Chiang Mai University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Urinary incontinence
pelvic floor muscles exercise
quality of life
long-term effect

description: Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 54, 3, 84-91
Morphology of solar system scale plasma lenses in the interstellar medium: a test from pulsar scintillation parabolic arcs
Creators: name: Shi, Xun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scintillation spectra of some pulsars have suggested the existence of $\lesssim$ AU scale density structures in the ionized interstellar medium, whose astrophysical correspondence is still a mystery. The detailed study of Brisken et al. suggested two possible morphologies for these structures: a parallel set of filaments or sheets (the `parallel stripes model'), or a filament broken up into denser knots (the `threaded beads model'). Here we propose a straightforward test that can distinguish these two morphologies: whether the apex of the main parabolic arc created by the scattered images deviates from the origin of the scintillation spectrum or not. In the `parallel stripes' model, the scattered images move along the stripes as the relative position of the pulsar moves. As a result, the pulsar is always co-linear with the scattered images, and thus the apex of the main parabolic arc stays at the origin of the scintillation spectrum. In the `threaded beads' model, the scattered images remain at almost fixed positions relative to the density structures, and thus the pulsar is not co-linear with the scattered images at most times, leading to an offset between the apex and the origin. Looking for this possible offset in a large sample of pulsar scintillation spectra, or monitoring the evolution of parabolic arcs will help pin down the morphology of these tiny density structures and constrain their astrophysical origin.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, MNRAS in press
Phase-field crystal modeling of equilibrium bcc-liquid interfaces
Creators: name: Wu, Kuo-An
name: Karma, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the equilibrium properties of bcc-liquid interfaces modeled with a continuum phase-field crystal (PFC) approach [K. R. Elder and M. Grant, Phys. Rev. E 70, 051605 (2004)]. A multiscale analysis of the PFC model is carried out which exploits the fact that the amplitudes of crystal density waves decay slowly into the liquid in the physically relevant limit where the freezing transition is weakly first order. This analysis yields a set of coupled equations for these amplitudes that is similar to the set of equations derived from Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory [K.-A. Wu et al., Phys. Rev. E 73, 094101 (2006)]. The two sets only differ in the details of higher order nonlinear couplings between different density waves, which is determined by the form of the nonlinearity assumed in the PFC model and by the ansatz that all polygons with the same number of sides have equal weight in GL theory. Despite these differences, for parameters (liquid structure factor and solid density wave amplitude) of Fe determined from molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, the PFC and GL amplitude equations yield very similar predictions for the overall magnitude and anisotropy of the interfacial free-energy and density wave profiles. These predictions are compared with MD simulations as well as numerical solutions of the PFC model.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Neural Multigrid Architectures
Creators: name: Fanaskov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a convenient matrix-free neural architecture for the multigrid method. The architecture is simple enough to be implemented in less than fifty lines of code, yet it encompasses a large number of distinct multigrid solvers. We argue that a fixed neural network without dense layers can not realize an efficient iterative method. Because of that, standard training protocols do not lead to competitive solvers. To overcome this difficulty, we use parameter sharing and serialization of layers. The resulting network can be trained on linear problems with thousands of unknowns and retains its efficiency on problems with millions of unknowns. From the point of view of numerical linear algebra network's training corresponds to finding optimal smoothers for the geometric multigrid method. We demonstrate our approach on a few second-order elliptic equations. For tested linear systems, we obtain from two to five times smaller spectral radius of the error propagation matrix compare to a basic linear multigrid with Jacobi smoother.
Zwei Denkschriften Hermann von Boyens über das preußisch-polnische Verhältnis zur Zeit des Novemberaufstandes 1830/31
Creators: name: Hartmann, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1999

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 48 Nr. 2 (1999)
Effectiveness of family interventions on health outcomes of family and children with autism: An integrative review
Creators: name: Mai1, Anh Thi Lan
name: Nujjaree Chaimongkol
name: Nguyen Manh Dung
Publisher: name: Faculty of Associated Sciences, Chiang Mai University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Autism
family
health outcomes
family/parent intervention
integrative review

description: Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 54, 3, 92-101
Odd integer quantum Hall states with interlayer coherence in twisted bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Kim, Youngwook
name: Moon, Pilkyung
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Smet, Jurgen H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the quantum Hall effect in two stacked graphene layers rotated by 2 degree. The tunneling strength among the layers can be varied from very weak to strong via the mechanism of magnetic breakdown when tuning the density. Odd-integer quantum Hall physics is not anticipated in the regime of suppressed tunneling for balanced layer densities, yet it is observed. We interpret this as a signature of Coulomb interaction induced interlayer coherence and Bose Einstein condensation of excitons that form at half filling of each layer. A density imbalance gives rise to reentrant behavior due to a phase transition from the interlayer coherent state to incompressible behavior caused by simultaneous condensation of both layers in different quantum Hall states. With increasing overall density, magnetic breakdown gains the upper hand. As a consequence of the enhanced interlayer tunneling, the interlayer coherent state and the phase transition vanish.
description: accepted in Nano Letters
Wendepunkte in den Beziehungen zwischen Deutschen, Tschechen und Slowaken 1848-1989
Creators: name: Alexander, Manfred
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2008

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 57 Nr. 3 (2008): Marienkult, Cyrillo-Methodiana und Antemurale. Religiöse Erinnerungsorte in Ostmitteleuropa vor und nach 1989
Evaluation of two beam-matched linear accelerators for volumetric modulated arc therapy
Creators: name: Tinnagorn Donmoon
name: Kulachatr Rattanakunchai
name: Sumalee Yabsantia
Publisher: name: Faculty of Associated Sciences, Chiang Mai University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Beam-matching
Linear accelerator
Volumetric modulated arc therapy

description: Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 54, 3, 102-106
Transcriptomic change of human gingival cells during cultivation on gelatin composite hydroxyapatite and pig brain extract
Creators: name: Fahsai Kantawong1
name: Yasumin Chaiyasert
name: Nichanun Bungkhuan
name: Kanyamas Choocheep
name: Warunee Kumsaiyai
name: Penpitcha Wanachantararak
name: Thasaneeya Kuboki
Publisher: name: Faculty of Associated Sciences, Chiang Mai University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Nano-hydroxyapatite
pig brain extract
pro-neuroinflammatory gene expression
transcriptome
ECM remodeling

description: Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 54, 3, 107-124
Electronic correlations and disorder in transport through one-dimensional nanoparticle arrays
Creators: name: Bascones, E.
name: Estevez, V.
name: Trinidad, J. A.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze and clarify the transport properties of a one-dimensional metallic nanoparticle array with interaction between charges restricted to charges placed in the same conductor. We study the threshold voltage, the I-V curves and the potential drop through the array and their dependence on the array parameters including the effect of charge and resistance disorder. We show that very close to threshold the current depends linearly on voltage with a slope independent on the array size. At intermediate bias voltages, for which a Coulomb staircase is observed we find that the average potential drop through the array oscillates with position. At higher voltages I-V curves are linear but have a finite offset voltage. We show that the slope is given by the inverse of the resistances added in series and estimate the voltage at which this linear regime is reached. We also calculate the offset voltage and relate it to the potential drop through the array.
description: 16 pages and 8 postscript figures
Expression of preadipocyte genes in apical papilla cells after treatment with crude water extract of Cuscuta japonica Choisy
Creators: name: Fahsai Kantawong
name: Peeraya Wongsit
name: Jianghua Yang
name: Penpitcha Wanachantararak
name: Nan, Jiang
name: Jianming Wu
Publisher: name: Faculty of Associated Sciences, Chiang Mai University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Cuscuta japonica Choisy
flavonoids
phenolic acids
gene expression

description: Journal of Associated Medical Sciences, 54, 3, 125-134