cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
WORK ORGANIZATION AND ECONOMIC EXAMINATION OF BREADWINNING OF RURALITY
Creators: name: Ferencz, Arpad
name: Kalmar, Rita
name: Ferencz, Arpad
name: Kalmar, Rita
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: unique products
subject: SGM of cucumber and asparagus

description: Agriculture has been and probably will be a significant branch in the south part of the Great Plain in the future as well. Besides the mass products and in many cases instead of them when forming the agricultural structure, this region has to pay more attention to the branches that were important in the past. Hungarian experts who are famous in foreign countries as well deal with these branches and they provide excellent products. The rules referring to these products are more liberal in the market places of the European Union and their development is not controlled by strict quota systems. In the south part of the Great Hungarian Plain a lot of unique products of excellent quality are produced. Here in this essay we would like to find the answer to the question how the two significant products of the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain can provide the families with the income that they can live on. We aim at the economical examination of the cucumber grown in Méhkerék and asparagus of Homok. To do this we will apply the so called Standard Gross Margin. The agriculture of the states of the European Union is measured with the help of this method. It can also help us in the future to decide whether the different farms belonging to families are economically viable in Hungary.
Hybrid Handcrafted and Learnable Audio Representation for Analysis of Speech Under Cognitive and Physical Load
Creators: name: Elbanna, Gasser
name: Biryukov, Alice
name: Scheidwasser-Clow, Neil
name: Orlandic, Lara
name: Mainar, Pablo
name: Kegler, Mikolaj
name: Beckmann, Pierre
name: Cernak, Milos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: As a neurophysiological response to threat or adverse conditions, stress can affect cognition, emotion and behaviour with potentially detrimental effects on health in the case of sustained exposure. Since the affective content of speech is inherently modulated by an individual's physical and mental state, a substantial body of research has been devoted to the study of paralinguistic correlates of stress-inducing task load. Historically, voice stress analysis (VSA) has been conducted using conventional digital signal processing (DSP) techniques. Despite the development of modern methods based on deep neural networks (DNNs), accurately detecting stress in speech remains difficult due to the wide variety of stressors and considerable variability in the individual stress perception. To that end, we introduce a set of five datasets for task load detection in speech. The voice recordings were collected as either cognitive or physical stress was induced in the cohort of volunteers, with a cumulative number of more than a hundred speakers. We used the datasets to design and evaluate a novel self-supervised audio representation that leverages the effectiveness of handcrafted features (DSP-based) and the complexity of data-driven DNN representations. Notably, the proposed approach outperformed both extensive handcrafted feature sets and novel DNN-based audio representation learning approaches.
description: Submitted to InterSpeech 2022
A high-precision wound healing assay based on photosensitized culture substrates
Creators: name: Azzam, Saphia
name: Tomasova, Lea
name: Danner, Carina
name: Skiba, Michael Stephan
name: Klein, Maren
name: Guttenberg, Zeno
name: Michaelis, Stefanie
name: Wegener, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell migration, Wound healing, Photosensitizer, Singlet oxygen, Reactive oxygen species, Phototoxicity, Metastasis
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Quantitative assessment of cell migration in vitro is often required in fundamental and applied
research from different biomedical areas including wound repair, tumor metastasis or developmental
biology. A collection of assays has been established throughout the years like the most widely used
scratch assay or the so-called barrier assay. It is the principle of these assays to introduce a lesion into
an otherwise confluent monolayer in order to study the migration of cells from the periphery into this
artificial wound and determine the migration rate from the time necessary for wound closure. A novel
assay makes use of photosensitizers doped into a polystyrene matrix. A thin layer of this composite
material is coated on the bottom of regular cell culture ware showing perfect biocompatibility. When
adherent cells are grown on this coating, resonant excitation of the photosensitizer induces a very
local generation of 1O2, which kills the cells residing at the site of illumination. Cells outside the site
of illumination are not harmed. When excitation of the photosensitizer is conducted by microscopic
illumination, high-precision wounding in any size and geometry is available even in microfluidic
channels. Besides proof-of-concept experiments, this study gives further insight into the mechanism
of photosensitizer-mediated cell wounding.
Additional file 1 of The economic burden of prostate cancer – a Swedish prevalence-based register study
Creators: name: Hao, Shuang
name: Östensson, Ellinor
name: Eklund, Martin
name: Grönberg, Henrik
name: Nordström, Tobias
name: Heintz, Emelie
name: Clements, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1 Appendix A. Combinations of ICD-10 codes and DRGs for health events identification in inpatient and outpatient care, Sweden. Appendix B. Drugs treating prostate cancer in Sweden. Appendix C. Palliative care. Appendix D. Informal care. Appendix E Productivity losses due to premature mortality. Appendix F1. Total prevalence, incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in Stockholm and Sweden. Appendix F2. Prevalence of prostate cancer by age group, Stockholm Region and Sweden, 2016. Appendix G. Acknowledgement to SHARE.
Variational Clustering: Leveraging Variational Autoencoders for Image Clustering
Creators: name: Prasad, Vignesh
name: Das, Dipanjan
name: Bhowmick, Brojeshwar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent advances in deep learning have shown their ability to learn strong feature representations for images. The task of image clustering naturally requires good feature representations to capture the distribution of the data and subsequently differentiate data points from one another. Often these two aspects are dealt with independently and thus traditional feature learning alone does not suffice in partitioning the data meaningfully. Variational Autoencoders (VAEs) naturally lend themselves to learning data distributions in a latent space. Since we wish to efficiently discriminate between different clusters in the data, we propose a method based on VAEs where we use a Gaussian Mixture prior to help cluster the images accurately. We jointly learn the parameters of both the prior and the posterior distributions. Our method represents a true Gaussian Mixture VAE. This way, our method simultaneously learns a prior that captures the latent distribution of the images and a posterior to help discriminate well between data points. We also propose a novel reparametrization of the latent space consisting of a mixture of discrete and continuous variables. One key takeaway is that our method generalizes better across different datasets without using any pre-training or learnt models, unlike existing methods, allowing it to be trained from scratch in an end-to-end manner. We verify our efficacy and generalizability experimentally by achieving state-of-the-art results among unsupervised methods on a variety of datasets. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to pursue image clustering using VAEs in a purely unsupervised manner on real image datasets.
Neutrinos Have Mass - So What?
Creators: name: de Gouvea, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this brief review, I discuss the new physics unveiled by neutrino oscillation experiments over the past several years, and discuss several attempts at understanding the mechanism behind neutrino masses and lepton mixing. It is fair to say that, while significant theoretical progress has been made, we are yet to construct a coherent picture that naturally explains non-zero, yet tiny, neutrino masses and the newly revealed, puzzling patterns of lepton mixing. I discuss what the challenges are, and point to the fact that more experimental input (from both neutrino and non-neutrino experiments) is dearly required - and that new data is expected to reveal, in the next several years, new information. Finally, I draw attention to the fact that neutrinos may have only just begun to reshape fundamental physics, given the fact that we are still to explain the LSND anomaly and because the neutrino oscillation phenomenon is ultimately sensitive to very small new-physics effects.
description: invited brief review, 15 pages, 1 eps figure, typo corrected, reference added
HEALTH FACTOR IN SOFT DRINK CONSUMPTION, GERMAN EXAMPLE
Creators: name: Lorinczi, Krisztian
name: Lorinczi, Krisztian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: soft drink
subject: health
subject: marketing

description: Consumer lifestyle and health are relevant factors to understanding consumption preferences. The number of lifestyle diseases has dramatically increased worldwide. The main cause for these diseases is the change in lifestyle; including a lack of attention to physical activity and good nutrition. Health and lifestyle are important factors by purchase decision process. In accordance with these, I examine the consumer behaviour toward soft drinks with special regards to healthy lifestyle and the state of health. My examinations can be considered mainly as a qualitative research among German students, which can serve as a basis for further analyses and research, however, the conclusions and experience gained from it are worthy of consideration. I differentiated five categories: ice tea, carbonated soft drinks, fruit juices, mineral waters, sport and energy drinks and studied the consumer behaviour toward them. The study focuses on the consumption of these and the factors influencing their purchase with special regards to lifestyle.
Development of a label‐free, impedance‐based biosensor to identify harmful effects of pesticides on insect cells
Creators: name: Friedrich, Sandra
name: Malagimani, Neha
name: Michaelis, Stefanie
name: Wegener, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: biosensor, cryopreservation, cytotoxicity, ECIS, insect cells, pesticides, smart farming, whole‐cell biosensing
subject: 540 Chemie

description: Insects are a major part of the planet's ecosystem and their vital role as pollinators
for agriculture is undisputed. Alongside factors as climate change or loss of habitats,
rising use of pesticides emerges as a key threat to insect populations. For fighting
this man‐made problem, development of an easy, fast, sensitive, and non‐invasive
biosensor for determining pesticide toxicity may help to ban harmful substances and
formulations. Here, a biosensor based on Sf21 (Spodoptera frugiperda) insect cells as
sensors and electric cell‐substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) as physical transducer is
described. Sf21 cell suspensions and well‐defined pesticide solutions were mixed
immediately before seeding on planar gold‐film electrodes. The capacitance at
20 kHz was recorded as a function of time as a measurand for cell adhesion
providing dose–response profiles of pesticide impact. For future in‐field applications,
decoupling of the cell culture routines from the actual cytotoxicity assay is
mandatory. Thus, suspensions of Sf21 cells were cryopreserved at –80°C in the
wells of multielectrode arrays and thawed anytime for conducting the assays. Five
pesticides were tested for their concentration‐dependent cytotoxicity expressed as
EC50 values by ECIS and validated using the well‐established WST‐1 cell viability
assay. Results were found to be in good agreement. Our studies revealed cytotoxic
effects of some pesticides sold for home usage far below the recommended
concentration and were found to be more toxic than formulations sold for
agricultural industry only.
ICT AND AGRITOURISM IN CZECH REPUBLIC
Creators: name: Havlicek, Zdenek
name: Lohr, Vaclav
name: Benda, Petr
name: Havlicek, Zdenek
name: Lohr, Vaclav
name: Benda, Petr
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: ICT
subject: web 2.0
subject: WCM
subject: Agritourism
subject: Regional development

description: Tourism is regarded as the world’s future. Agritourism is a unique symbiosis of agriculture and tourism. Based on extensive analysis of the state agritourism in the Czech Republic, it was found that information on agritourism facilities is very diverse and disorderly, lacking a specialized portal for agro-tourism. Agritourism facilities in the Czech Republic is several thousand, but most of them have non-quality web sites, or none at all. It should be ensured that entrepreneurs in the agritourism (farmers) had knowledge easily and with minimum cost to present their own small farm on the web, such as using Web content management system (WCMS). It is proposed the new portal solution, which according to the principles of Web 2.0 will provide greater information sharing among the partners in the field of agri-tourism.
Solitary routes to chimera states
Creators: name: Schülen, Leonhard
name: Gerdes, Alexander
name: Wolfrum, Matthias
name: Zakharova, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how solitary states in a system of globally coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo oscillators can lead to the emergence of chimera states. By a numerical bifurcation analysis of a suitable reduced system in the thermodynamic limit we demonstrate how solitary states, after emerging from the synchronous state, become chaotic in a period-doubling cascade. Subsequently, states with a single chaotic oscillator give rise to states with an increasing number of incoherent chaotic oscillators. In large systems, these chimera states show extensive chaos. We demonstrate the coexistence of many of such chaotic attractors with different Lyapunov dimensions, due to different numbers of incoherent oscillators.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
TeV blazar gamma-ray emission produced by a cooling pile-up particle energy distribution function
Creators: name: Sauge, Ludovic
name: Henri, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a time-dependent one-zone model based on a quasi-Maxwellian `pile-up' distribution in order to explain the time-averaged high energy emission of TeV blazars. The instantaneous spectra are the result of the synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton emission (SSC) of ultra-relativistic leptons. The particle energy distribution function (EDF) is computed in a self-consistent way, taking into account an injection term of fresh particles, a possible pair creation term, and the particles radiative cooling. The source term is not a usual power-law but rather a `pile-up' distribution, which can result from the combination of a stochastic heating via second order Fermi process and radiative cooling. To validate this approach, we have performed time-averaged fits of the well-known TeV emitter Mrk 501 during the 1997 flaring activity period taking into account the attenuation of the high energy component by cosmic diffuse infrared background (DIrB) and intrinsic absorption via the pair creation process. The model can reproduce very satisfactorily the observed spectral energy distribution (SED). A high Lorentz factor is required to avoid strong pair production; in the case of smaller Lorentz factor, an intense flare in the GeV range is predicted due to the sudden increase of soft photons density below the Klein-Nishina threshold. The possible relevance of such a scenario is discussed.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 1 of Examining illness narratives in the context of the postoperative psychological state: A mixed-methods study of emotion-focused illness narrative
Creators: name: Lévai, Tünde
name: Lázár, György
name: Krajinovic, Erna
name: Devosa, Iván
name: Látos, Melinda
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: The additional file contains the instructions for and the grid graphic of the Emotional Graph of Illness Trajectory and the marking sheet.
Spin, Accretion and the Cosmological Growth of Supermassive Black Holes
Creators: name: Shapiro, Stuart L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are the energy sources that power quasars and active galactic nuclei, then QSO SDSS 1148+5251, the quasar with the highest redshift (z_QSO=6.43), hosts a supermassive black hole formed within 0.9 Gyr after the Big Bang. This requirement places constraints on the cosmological formation of SMBHs, believed to grow from smaller initial seeds by a combination of accretion and mergers. We focus on gas accretion onto seeds produced by the collapse of Pop III stars at high redshift. We incorporate the results of recent relativistic, MHD simulations of disk accretion onto Kerr black holes to track the coupled evolution of the masses and spins of the holes. We allow for an additional amplification of ~10^4 in the mass of a typical seed due to mergers, consistent with recent Monte Carlo simulations of hierarchical mergers of cold, dark matter halos containing black hole seeds. We find that the growth of Pop III black hole seeds to ~10^9 M_sun by z_QSO = 6.43 favors MHD accretion disks over standard thin disks. MHD disks tend to drive the holes to a submaximal equilibrium spin rate a/M ~ 0.95 and radiation efficiency epsilon_M ~ 0.2, while standard thin disks drive them to maximal spin (a/M = 1) and efficiency (epsilon_M = 0.42). This small difference in efficiency results in a huge difference in mass amplification by accretion at the Eddington limit. The MHD equilibrium efficiency is consistent with the observed ratio of the QSO plus AGN luminosity density to the local SMBH mass density. Our prototype analysis is designed to stimulate the incorporation of results from relativistic stellar collapse and MHD accretion simulations in future Monte Carlo simulations of hierarchical structure formation to better determine the cosmological role of SMBHs and their mass and spin distributions.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
The Superconducting Quantum Point Contact
Creators: name: Beenakker, C. W. J.
name: van Houten, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 1. Introduction 2. Josephson current from excitation spectrum 3. Josephson current through a quantum point contact 4. Experimental realization
description: #2 of a series of 4 legacy reviews on QPC's
A gate-tunable graphene Josephson parametric amplifier
Creators: name: Butseraen, Guilliam
name: Ranadive, Arpit
name: Aparicio, Nicolas
name: Amin, Kazi Rafsanjani
name: Juyal, Abhishek
name: Esposito, Martina
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Roch, Nicolas
name: Lefloch, François
name: Renard, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With a large portfolio of elemental quantum components, superconducting quantum circuits have contributed to dramatic advances in microwave quantum optics. Of these elements, quantum-limited parametric amplifiers have proven to be essential for low noise readout of quantum systems whose energy range is intrinsically low (tens of $μ$eV ). They are also used to generate non classical states of light that can be a resource for quantum enhanced detection. Superconducting parametric amplifiers, like quantum bits, typically utilize a Josephson junction as a source of magnetically tunable and dissipation-free nonlinearity. In recent years, efforts have been made to introduce semiconductor weak links as electrically tunable nonlinear elements, with demonstrations of microwave resonators and quantum bits using semiconductor nanowires, a two dimensional electron gas, carbon nanotubes and graphene. However, given the challenge of balancing nonlinearity, dissipation, participation, and energy scale, parametric amplifiers have not yet been implemented with a semiconductor weak link. Here we demonstrate a parametric amplifier leveraging a graphene Josephson junction and show that its working frequency is widely tunable with a gate voltage. We report gain exceeding 20 dB and noise performance close to the standard quantum limit. Our results complete the toolset for electrically tunable superconducting quantum circuits and offer new opportunities for the development of quantum technologies such as quantum computing, quantum sensing and fundamental science.
Spontaneous Breaking of $U(1)$ Symmetry in Coupled Complex SYK Models
Creators: name: Klebanov, Igor R.
name: Milekhin, Alexey
name: Tarnopolsky, Grigory
name: Zhao, Wenli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As shown in [1], two copies of the large $N$ Majorana SYK model can produce spontaneous breaking of a $Z_2$ symmetry when they are coupled by appropriate quartic terms. In this paper we similarly study two copies of the complex SYK model coupled by a quartic term preserving the $U(1) \times U(1)$ symmetry. We also present a tensor counterpart of this coupled model. When the coefficient $α$ of the quartic term lies in a certain range, the coupled large $N$ theory is nearly conformal. We calculate the scaling dimensions of fermion bilinear operators as functions of $α$. We show that the operator $c_{1i}^\dagger c_{2i}$, which is charged under the axial $U(1)$ symmetry, acquires a complex dimension outside of the line of fixed points. We derive the large $N$ Dyson-Schwinger equations and show that, outside the fixed line, this $U(1)$ symmetry is spontaneously broken at low temperatures because this operator acquires an expectation value. We support these findings by exact diagonalizations extrapolated to large $N$.
description: 36 pages, 16 figures; v2: some improvements; v3: version to appear in JHEP
Effect of forest harvesting on biological processes in headwater streams within the flume creek experimental watershed, British Columbia
Creators: name: Hiebler-Chariarse, Jennifer Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Effects of forest harvesting on periphyton biomass (measured as Ash Free Dry Mass (AFDM) and Chlorophyll a), benthic organic matter (measured as AFDM) and invertebrate density and diversity were studied in coastal headwater streams in southwestern British Columbia. These aquatic ecosystem variables were also evaluated along the longitudinal gradient of these streams to examine longitudinal patterns. In addition, photosynthetically active solar radiation (PAR), stream water temperatures and chemical concentrations of streamwater were measured and evaluated in order to determine their role in regulating the aforementioned variables. Six headwater streams (1st and 2nd order), three undisturbed and three harvested (3 years postharvest), were sampled over a six-week period during the early summer (May 31 - July 7, 2002). Each stream had nine study reaches (covering a total stream length of 500-700 meters), with harvested streams having three reaches above the harvested area, three reaches within the harvested area and three below - providing for comparisons between forested and harvested stream reaches within streams. Periphyton biomass sampling occurred once a week over the six-week study, while benthic macro invertebrates were sampled over four days during week 3 of the study. Physical and chemical data were also collected once a week for the six-week study period. No significant longitudinal trends were found within the undisturbed streams for any of the studied variables. However, along the harvested streams, Chlorophyll a and stream temperature increased along the downstream longitudinal gradient as the stream flowed through the harvested area and subsequently decreased as the streams flowed back into forested reaches. In addition, incident solar radiation decreased (however not statistically significant) as the streams flowed further into the forested area below the harvested boundary. Incident solar radiation and stream water temperatures were greater in the harvested reaches than in forested reaches of the harvested streams. Periphyton biomass levels were greater within harvested reaches than in forested reaches of the headwater streams. Incident solar radiation was considered to be a primary factor controlling periphyton biomass in these headwater streams, as periphyton biomass increased with increased incident solar radiation. Increased invertebrate density was positively related to periphyton biomass, suggesting bottom-up controls in the aquatic food web. While richness of aquatic invertebrate orders was greater in forested reaches below the harvested area, overall invertebrate diversity was not altered by previous harvesting activities. No differences were seen in benthic organic matter biomass nor were there significant relationships between nutrient concentrations with the aforementioned research variables during the study period.
Monitoring the Reversibility of GPCR Signaling by Combining Photochromic Ligands with Label-free Impedance Analysis
Creators: name: Wirth, Ulrike
name: Erl, Julia
name: Azzam, Saphia
name: Hoering, Carina
name: Skiba, Michael
name: Singh, Ritu
name: Hochmuth, Kathrin
name: Keller, Max
name: Wegener, Joachim
name: König, Burkhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: GPCR • photochromic ligands • NPY receptor • label free detection • impedance measurements
subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 615 Pharmazie

description: G protein-coupled cell surface receptors (GPCR) trigger complex intracellular signaling cascades upon agonist binding. Classic pharmacological assays provide information about binding affinities, activation or blockade at different stages of the signaling cascade, but real time dynamics and reversibility of these processes remain often disguised. We show that combining photochromic NPY receptor ligands, which can be toggled in their receptor activation ability by irradiation with light of different wavelengths, with whole cell label-free impedance assays allows observing the cell response to receptor activation and its reversibility over time. The concept demonstrated on NPY receptors may be well applicable to many other GPCRs providing a deeper insight into the time course of intracellular signaling processes.
Assessing work-integrated learning programs: a guide to effective assessment design
Creators: name: Boud, David
name: Ajjawi, Rola
name: Tai, Joanna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: The purpose of this guide is to foster high quality assessment practice in formally assessed work-integrated learning (WIL) programs. That is, in-work activities that are included as part of the curriculum rather than co-curricular events. This guide is designed for those responsible in making WIL assessment design decisions. The emphasis is on active engagement by students with assessment activities that are generative of learning.
Trends and Patterns in Fertilizer Use by Smallholder Farmers in Kenya, 1997-2007
Creators: name: Ariga, Joshua
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Kibaara, Betty
name: Nyoro, James K.
name: Ariga, Joshua
name: Jayne, Thomas S.
name: Kibaara, Betty
name: Nyoro, James K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Fertilizer
subject: Africa
subject: Malawi
subject: Kenya
subject: Small Holders

description: This study uses nationwide household panel survey data from 1996/97 to 2006/07 to examine trends in fertilizer use on maize by smallholder maize growers. The paper also compares these findings with fertilizer use rates according to other recent surveys in Kenya to assess comparability. We also examine the correlation between household fertilizer use and indicators of welfare such as wealth and landholding size. In addition, we use econometric techniques applied to household survey data to identify the main household and community characteristics associated with fertilizer purchases. Lastly, the study considers alternative policy strategies for maintaining smallholders’ access to fertilizer in the current context of substantially higher world fertilizer prices.
On Hamiltonian formulation of the Einstein-Hilbert action in two dimensions
Creators: name: Kiriushcheva, N.
name: Kuzmin, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the well-known triviality of the Einstein field equations in two dimensions is not a sufficient condition for the Einstein-Hilbert action to be a total divergence, if the general covariance is to be preserved, that is, a coordinate system is not fixed. Consequently, a Hamiltonian formulation is possible without any modification of the two dimensional Einstein-Hilbert action. We find the resulting constraints and the corresponding gauge transfromations of the metric tensor.
description: 9 pages
Additional file 1 of Teledermatology: an evidence map of systematic reviews
Creators: name: Chow, Aloysius
name: Smith, Helen Elizabeth
name: Car, Lorainne Tudor
name: Kong, Jing Wen
name: Choo, Kay Wee
name: Aw, Angeline Ai Ling
name: Wong, Marie Ann Mae En
name: Apfelbacher, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1: Appendix S1. Search strategy.
Mudanças cambiais e o efeito dos fatores de crescimento das receitas de exportações brasileiras de soja
Creators: name: Souza, Sonia Sueli Serafim De
name: Lamera, Janice Alves
name: Bonjour, Sandra Cristina De Moura
name: Figueiredo, Adriano Marcos Rodrigues
name: Souza, Sonia Sueli Serafim De
name: Lamera, Janice Alves
name: Bonjour, Sandra Cristina De Moura
name: Figueiredo, Adriano Marcos Rodrigues
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Exchange rate
subject: Export revenues
subject: Soybean

description: This paper analyzes exchange rate, export quantity and foreign soybean price in soybean export revenues between 1994 and 2005. We used the shift-share method which allowed the isolation of effects for each variable. The results evidenced that even with adverse exchange rates and foreign prices the quantities exported were increasing in almost all the period. The two main trade policies in act by the Brazilian Government, since the beginning of the Real Plan in 1994, were clearly decisive for the increase in soybean export revenues and exported quantities.
Fisher Discriminant Triplet and Contrastive Losses for Training Siamese Networks
Creators: name: Ghojogh, Benyamin
name: Sikaroudi, Milad
name: Shafiei, Sobhan
name: Tizhoosh, H. R.
name: Karray, Fakhri
name: Crowley, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Siamese neural network is a very powerful architecture for both feature extraction and metric learning. It usually consists of several networks that share weights. The Siamese concept is topology-agnostic and can use any neural network as its backbone. The two most popular loss functions for training these networks are the triplet and contrastive loss functions. In this paper, we propose two novel loss functions, named Fisher Discriminant Triplet (FDT) and Fisher Discriminant Contrastive (FDC). The former uses anchor-neighbor-distant triplets while the latter utilizes pairs of anchor-neighbor and anchor-distant samples. The FDT and FDC loss functions are designed based on the statistical formulation of the Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA), which is a linear subspace learning method. Our experiments on the MNIST and two challenging and publicly available histopathology datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed loss functions.
description: Accepted (to appear) in International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) 2020, IEEE, in IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI) 2020
Adversarial Robustness through the Lens of Convolutional Filters
Creators: name: Gavrikov, Paul
name: Keuper, Janis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning models are intrinsically sensitive to distribution shifts in the input data. In particular, small, barely perceivable perturbations to the input data can force models to make wrong predictions with high confidence. An common defense mechanism is regularization through adversarial training which injects worst-case perturbations back into training to strengthen the decision boundaries, and to reduce overfitting. In this context, we perform an investigation of 3x3 convolution filters that form in adversarially-trained models. Filters are extracted from 71 public models of the linf-RobustBench CIFAR-10/100 and ImageNet1k leaderboard and compared to filters extracted from models built on the same architectures but trained without robust regularization. We observe that adversarially-robust models appear to form more diverse, less sparse, and more orthogonal convolution filters than their normal counterparts. The largest differences between robust and normal models are found in the deepest layers, and the very first convolution layer, which consistently and predominantly forms filters that can partially eliminate perturbations, irrespective of the architecture. Data & Project website: https://github.com/paulgavrikov/cvpr22w_RobustnessThroughTheLens
description: Accepted at the CVPR 2022 "The Art of Robustness" Workshop
PiNet: Attention Pooling for Graph Classification
Creators: name: Meltzer, Peter
name: Mallea, Marcelo Daniel Gutierrez
name: Bentley, Peter J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.1

description: We propose PiNet, a generalised differentiable attention-based pooling mechanism for utilising graph convolution operations for graph level classification. We demonstrate high sample efficiency and superior performance over other graph neural networks in distinguishing isomorphic graph classes, as well as competitive results with state of the art methods on standard chemo-informatics datasets.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures 1 table
Oxidative stress increased endogenous complement-dependent inflammatory and angiogenic responses in retinal pigment epithelial cells - independent from exogenous complement sources
Creators: name: Trakkides, Timon-Orest
name: Schäfer, Nicole
name: Reichenthaler, Maria
name: Kühn, Konstanze
name: Urban, Florian
name: Wegener, Joachim
name: Pauly, Diana
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: ACTIVATION; DEGENERATION; ARPE-19; C5A; RPE; EXPRESSION; SECRETION; MODELS; DAMAGE; VEGF; oxidative stress; retinal pigment epithelial cells; complement system; inflammasome; foxp3; olaparib
subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Oxidative stress-induced damage of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and chronic inflammation have been suggested as major contributors to a range of retinal diseases. Here, we examined the effects of oxidative stress on endogenous complement components and proinflammatory and angiogenic responses in RPE cells. ARPE-19 cells exposed for 1-48 h to H2O2 had reduced cell-cell contact and increased markers for epithelial-mesenchymal transition but showed insignificant cell death. Stressed ARPE-19 cells increased the expression of complement receptors CR3 (subunit CD11b) and C5aR1. CD11b was colocalized with cell-derived complement protein C3, which was present in its activated form in ARPE-19 cells. C3, as well as its regulators complement factor H (CFH) and properdin, accumulated in the ARPE-19 cells after oxidative stress independently of external complement sources. This cell-associated complement accumulation was accompanied by increased nlrp3 and foxp3 expression and the subsequently enhanced secretion of proinflammatory and proangiogenic factors. The complement-associated ARPE-19 reaction to oxidative stress, which was independent of exogenous complement sources, was further augmented by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib. Our results indicate that ARPE-19 cell-derived complement proteins and receptors are involved in ARPE-19 cell homeostasis following oxidative stress and should be considered as targets for treatment development for retinal degeneration.
Sistemas agroalimentares locais e a visão baseada em recursos: construindo vantagens competitivas para a carne bovina gaúcha
Creators: name: Malafaia, Guilherme Cunha
name: Barcellos, Julio Otavio Jardim
name: Malafaia, Guilherme Cunha
name: Barcellos, Julio Otavio Jardim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Local agrifood systems
subject: Origin indication
subject: Resource-based view
subject: Livestock farming

description: This study aims to discuss the feasibility of insertion of the gaúcho livestock farming system in the competitive agribusiness environment, through the Local Agri-food Systems (LAS). In face of the globalization process the transformations incurred by the agribusiness, have hardened the competitiveness of many gaúcho livestock farming enterprises because of their lack of capability in providing new standards as demanded by the market. However, it is perceived a huge opportunity for this activity through the penetration in specific niche markets. The concept of LAS grows in importance, because it is strictly related to strategic resources (craft and typical products; differentiated techniques, styles of feeding, territory; natural resources; collective actions and organization of the productive activities). The results of this study show that a LAs is a viable alternative for the insertion of the gaúcho livestock farming system in a competitive environment. Despite this, problems of coordination of the LAS need to be addressed.
Palatability of insecticides and protein in sugar solutions to Argentine ants
Creators: name: Wagner, Thomas
name: Vorjans, Moana
name: Garsi, Elias
name: Werneke, Cosmina
name: Czaczkes, Tomer J.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Bait evaluation · Pest control · Linepithema humile · Insecticide detection · Bait aversion · Bait attractiveness · Invasive ants
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: Invasive ant species like Linepithema humile cause significant ecological and economic harm, making effective control strategies essential. Insecticide baits are currently the most effective approach for controlling ants. Therefore, quantifying how palatable or unpalatable baits, bait additives, or toxicants are, is critical for developing effective control methods. Recent research shows that when animals can compare a test food containing a bitterant with another option, they are much better at detecting the bitterant and thus rejecting the test food. Here, we deploy a newly developed comparative evaluation methodology to examine the palatability to L. humile workers of three toxicants commonly used in invasive ant control: fipronil, spinosad, and imidacloprid. Additionally, we tested egg-white protein in sucrose solutions to assess its impact on bait acceptance. Ants showed no significant preference between pure sucrose and sucrose-toxicant solutions, indicating that they either cannot detect the toxicants or do not find them distasteful. Survival tests confirmed that the toxicant concentrations used, fipronil at 0.0001% and 0.001%, spinosad at 0.015% and 0.15%, and imidacloprid at 0.005%, were lethal, with a survival rate of 50% or below after 72 h. However, ants found egg protein additive unpalatable, significantly preferring pure sucrose to a sucrose egg-white protein mix. These findings confirm that three major toxicants are suitable for use in baits, and that reported abandonment or avoidance of toxic baits is not due to the unpalatability of these toxicants. However, the addition of egg protein alone to sucrose baits, even at ratios which optimise colony growth, is likely counterproductive. Future research should investigate the relative preference of invasive ants for various bait matrixes over naturally available food, ensuring more effective pest management strategies.
Cofiniteness of generalized local cohomology modules
Creators: name: Divaani-Aazar, Kamran
name: Sazeedeh, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13D45, 14B15

description: Let $\fa$ denote an ideal of a commutative Noetherian ring $R$ and $M$ and $N$ two finitely generated $R$-modules with $\pd M< \infty$. It is shown that if $\fa$ is principal or $R$ is complete local and $\fa$ a prime ideal with $\dim R/\fa=1$, then the generalized local cohomology module $H^i_{\fa}(M,N)$ is $\fa$-cofinite for all $i \geq 0$. This provides an affirmative answer for the above ideal $\fa$ to a question proposed in [{\bf 13}].
description: 9 pages
Additional file 1 of Frequent contacts to Emergency Medical Services (EMS): more than frequent callers
Creators: name: Harring, Astrid K. V.
name: Graesli, Ola
name: Häikiö, Kristin
name: Hjortdahl, Magnus
name: Jørgensen, Trine M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
High-level Modeling of Manufacturing Faults in Deep Neural Network Accelerators
Creators: name: Kundu, Shamik
name: Soyyiğit, Ahmet
name: Hoque, Khaza Anuarul
name: Basu, Kanad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advent of data-driven real-time applications requires the implementation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) on Machine Learning accelerators. Google's Tensor Processing Unit (TPU) is one such neural network accelerator that uses systolic array-based matrix multiplication hardware for computation in its crux. Manufacturing faults at any state element of the matrix multiplication unit can cause unexpected errors in these inference networks. In this paper, we propose a formal model of permanent faults and their propagation in a TPU using the Discrete-Time Markov Chain (DTMC) formalism. The proposed model is analyzed using the probabilistic model checking technique to reason about the likelihood of faulty outputs. The obtained quantitative results show that the classification accuracy is sensitive to the type of permanent faults as well as their location, bit position and the number of layers in the neural network. The conclusions from our theoretical model have been validated using experiments on a digit recognition-based DNN.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
A near-infrared study of the NGC 7538 star forming region
Creators: name: Ojha, D. K.
name: Tamura, M.
name: Nakajima, Y.
name: Fukagawa, M.
name: Sugitani, K.
name: Nagashima, C.
name: Nagayama, T.
name: Nagata, T.
name: Sato, S.
name: Vig, S.
name: Ghosh, S. K.
name: Pickles, A. J.
name: Momose, M.
name: Ogura, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present sub-arcsecond (FWHM ~ 0".7), NIR JHKs-band images and a high sensitivity radio continuum image at 1280 MHz, using SIRIUS on UH 88-inch telescope and GMRT. The NIR survey covers an area of ~ 24 arcmin^2 with 10-sigma limiting mags of ~ 19.5, 18.4, and 17.3 in J, H, and Ks-band, respectively. Our NIR images are deeper than any JHK surveys to date for the larger area of NGC 7538 star forming region. We construct JHK CC and J-H/J and H-K/K CM diagrams to identify YSOs and to estimate their masses. Based on these CC and CM diagrams, we identified a rich population of YSOs (Class I and Class II), associated with the NGC 7538 region. A large number of red sources (H-K > 2) have also been detected around NGC 7538. We argue that these red stars are most probably PMS stars with intrinsic color excesses. Most of YSOs in NGC 7538 are arranged from the N-W toward S-E regions, forming a sequence in age: the diffuse H II region (N-W, oldest: where most of the Class II and Class I sources are detected); the compact IR core (center); and the regions with the extensive IR reflection nebula and a cluster of red young stars (S-E and S). We find that the slope of the KLF of NGC 7538 is lower than the typical values reported for the young embedded clusters, although equally low values have also been reported in the W3 Main star forming region. From the slope of the KLF and the analysis by Megeath et al. (1996), we infer that the embedded stellar population is comprised of YSOs with an age of ~ 1 Myr. Based on the comparison between models of PMS stars with the observed CM diagram we find that the stellar population in NGC 7538 is primarily composed of low mass PMS stars similar to those observed in the W3 Main star forming region.
description: 36 pages, 13 figures in JPEG format. Accepted for the publication in ApJ. Report is also available at : http://www.tifr.res.in/~ojha/NGC7538.html