cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monte Carlo modelling of the propagation and annihilation of nucleosynthesis positrons in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Alexis, A.
name: Jean, P.
name: Martin, P.
name: Ferriere, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We want to estimate whether the positrons produced by the beta plus decay of 26Al, 44Ti and 56Ni synthesised in massive stars and supernovae are sufficient to explain the 511 keV annihilation emission observed in our Galaxy. Such a possibility has often been put forward in the past. We developed a Monte Carlo Galactic propagation code for ~MeV positrons in which the Galactic interstellar medium, the Galactic magnetic field (GMF) and the propagation are finely described. This code allows us to simulate the spatial distribution of the 511 keV annihilation emission. We test several GMFs models and several positron escape fractions from type-Ia supernova for 56Ni positrons. We consider the collisional ballistic transport mode and then compare the simulated 511 keV intensity spatial distributions to the INTEGRAL/SPI data. Whatever the GMF configuration and the escape fraction chosen for 56Ni positrons, the 511 keV intensity distributions are very similar. The main reason is that ~MeV positrons do not propagate very far away from their birth sites in our model. The direct comparison to the data does not allow us to constrain the GMF configuration and the escape fraction for 56Ni positrons. In any case, nucleosynthesis positrons produced in steady state cannot explain the full annihilation emission. The comparison to the data shows that: (a) the annihilation emission from the Galactic disk can be accounted for; (b) the strongly peaked annihilation emission from the inner Galactic bulge can be explained by positrons annihilating in the central molecular zone but this seems to require more positron sources than the population of massive stars and type Ia supernovae usually assumed for this region; (c) the more extended emission from the Galactic bulge cannot be explained. We show that a transient source at the GC, such as a starburst episode, could explain this extended component.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Global patterns of vascular plant alpha diversity
Creators: name: Sabatini, Francesco Maria
name: Jimenez-Alfaro, Borja
name: Jandt, Ute
name: Chytrý, Milan
name: Field, Richard
name: Kessler, Michael
name: Lenoir, Jonathan
name: Schrodt, Franziska
name: Wiser, Susan K.
name: Arfin Khan, Mohammed A. S.
name: Attorre, Fabio
name: Cayuela, Luis
name: Sanctis, Michele
name: Dengler, Jürgen
name: Haider, Sylvia Simone Rebekka
name: Hatim, Mohamed Z.
name: Indreica, Adrian
name: Jansen, Florian
name: Pauchard, Aníbal
name: Peet, Robert K.
name: Petřík, Petr
name: Pillar, Valério D.
name: Sandel, Brody
name: Schmidt, Marco
name: Tang, Zhiyao
name: Bodegom, Peter
name: Vassilev, Kiril
name: Violle, Cyrille
name: Alvarez-Davila, Esteban
name: Davidar, Priya
name: Doležal, Jiří
name: Hérault, Bruno
name: Galán-De-Mera, Antonio
name: Jiménez, Jorge
name: Kambach, Stephan
name: Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian
name: Kreft, Holger
name: Lezama, Felipe
name: Linares-Palomino, Reynaldo
name: Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel
name: N’Dja, Justin K.
name: Phillips, Oliver L.
name: Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo
name: Sklenář, Petr
name: Speziale, Karina
name: Strohbach, Ben J.
name: Vásquez Martínez, Rodolfo
name: Wang, Hua-Feng
name: Wesche, Karsten
name: Bruelheide, Helge
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 580

description: Global patterns of regional (gamma) plant diversity are relatively well known, but whether these patterns hold for local communities, and the dependence on spatial grain, remain controversial. Using data on 170,272 georeferenced local plant assemblages, we created global maps of alpha diversity (local species richness) for vascular plants at three different spatial grains, for forests and non-forests. We show that alpha diversity is consistently high across grains in some regions (for example, Andean-Amazonian foothills), but regional ‘scaling anomalies’ (deviations from the positive correlation) exist elsewhere, particularly in Eurasian temperate forests with disproportionally higher fine-grained richness and many African tropical forests with disproportionally higher coarse-grained richness. The influence of different climatic, topographic and biogeographical variables on alpha diversity also varies across grains. Our multi-grain maps return a nuanced understanding of vascular plant biodiversity patterns that complements classic maps of biodiversity hotspots and will improve predictions of global change effects on biodiversity.
Remarks on remnants by fermions' tunnelling from black strings
Creators: name: Chen, Deyou
name: Li, Zhonghua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hawking's calculation is unable to predict the final stage of the black hole evaporation. When effects of quantum gravity are taken into account, there is a minimal observable length. In this paper, we investigate fermions' tunnelling from the charged and rotating black strings. With the influence of the generalized uncertainty principle, the Hawking temperatures are not only determined by the rings, but also affected by the quantum numbers of the emitted fermions. Quantum gravity corrections slow down the increases of the temperatures, which naturally leads to remnants left in the evaporation.
description: 16pages, Publised in Advances in High Energy Physics, Volume 2014, Article ID 620157
Evaluation of Four Completed Small Watershed Projects: South Carolina, Maryland, Idaho-Nevada, and West Virginia
Creators: name: Sutton, John D.
name: Sutton, John D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Water resources
subject: economic evaluation
subject: planning
subject: public participation
subject: environmental impact

description: This study was designed to determine the efficacy of the planning process and in four operating small watershed projects. A qualitative appraisal was made of actual performance and costs, which were then compared with work plan projections. Particular attention was paid to factors, as reported by project beneficiaries and leaders of local sponsoring organizations, that affected the size and composition of these realized values. The desired physical manipulation of the water resource—reducing flooding, improving drainage, and providing water for irrigation, municipal use, and recreation—was achieved in each project. However, this was not always equivalent to generating desired economic performance; for example, higher crop yields. Thus, realized values often differed in size and always in composition from projected values. Study results indicate that planners should strongly encourage local involvement in planning, evaluate social and economic variables that tend to delimit a project's operating environment, and use a multiobjective planning approach to minimize differences between work plan estimates and actual values. The projects evaluated reportedly had only a limited impact on the natural environment.
Comparison of RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR Platforms for the Trace Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater
Creators: name: Ahmed, Warish
name: Smith, Wendy J. M.
name: Metcalfe, Suzanne
name: Jackson, Greg
name: Choi, Phil M.
name: Morrison, Mary
name: Field, Daniel
name: Gyawali, Pradip
name: Bivins, Aaron
name: Bibby, Kyle
name: Simpson, Stuart L.
Publisher: name: Institute of Environmental Science and Research
Year: 2023
Subjects: Disease surveillance
Epidemiological methods

description: We compared reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and RT digital PCR (RT-dPCR) platforms for the trace detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in low-prevalence COVID-19 locations in Queensland, Australia, using CDC N1 and CDC N2 assays. The assay limit of detection (ALOD), PCR inhibition rates, and performance characteristics of each assay, along with the positivity rates with the RT-qPCR and RT-dPCR platforms, were evaluated by seeding known concentrations of exogenous SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. The ALODs using RT-dPCR were approximately 2–5 times lower than those using RT-qPCR. During sample processing, the endogenous (n = 96) and exogenous (n = 24) SARS-CoV-2 wastewater samples were separated, and RNA was extracted from both wastewater eluates and pellets (solids). The RT-dPCR platform demonstrated a detection rate significantly greater than that of RT-qPCR for the CDC N1 and CDC N2 assays in the eluate (N1, p = 0.0029; N2, p = 0.0003) and pellet (N1, p = 0.0015; N2, p = 0.0067) samples. The positivity results also indicated that for the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater, including the eluate and pellet samples may further increase the detection sensitivity using RT-dPCR.
A systematic survey of methods guidance suggests areas for improvement regarding access, development, and transparency
Creators: name: Hirt, Julian
name: Ewald, Hannah
name: Lawson, Daeria O.
name: Hemkens, Lars G.
name: Briel, Matthias
name: Schandelmaier, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: To assess the current practice of developing and presenting methods guidance and explore opportunities for improvement. Study Design and Setting: We systematically surveyed methods guidance published in high-impact general and methodology-focused medical journals indexed in MEDLINE in 2020. We included articles that explicitly stated the objective to provide methods guidance for health research. We extracted characteristics related to findability, methods used for development, presentation, and transparency. Results: We included 105 methods guidance articles published in 12 different journals. Less than half had a structured abstract (42%) or was indexed with medical subject headings (38%) or author keywords (17%) related to guidance. Methods for development, reported in 42%, differed between reporting guidelines (n = 13, 100% reported methods) and other guidance articles (n = 92, 34% reported methods). Frequent methods for presentation were illustrative case studies (45%), research checklists (34%), and step-by-step guides (10%). Most articles did not describe the authors’ expertise (22%). Conflicts of interest, reported in 34%, were often unclear. Conclusion: Potential areas for improving methods guidance include better findability through more consistent labeling and indexing and standards for development and reporting.
Multi-wavelength study of the MGRO J2019+37
Creators: name: Hou, Chao
name: Chen, Songzhan
name: Yuan, Qiang
name: Cao, Zhen
name: He, Huihai
name: Sheng, Xiangdong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: MGRO J2019+37 within the Cygnus region is a bright and extended source revealed by Milagro at 12-35 TeV. This source is almost as bright as Crab Nebula in northern sky, while it is not confirmed by ARGO-YBJ around TeV. Up to now, no obvious counterpart at low energy wavelengths has been found. Hence, MGRO J2019+37 becomes mysterious and its VHE gamma-ray emission mechanism is attractive. In this paper, a brief summary of the multi-wavelength observations from Radio to gamma-ray is presented. All the available data from the XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL at X-ray, and the Fermi-LAT at gamma-ray bands were used to get constraint on its emission flux at low energy wavelengths. Then, its possible counterparts and the VHE emission mechanism are discussed.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, Submitted to Chinese Physics C
Tuning the internal compartmentation of single-chain nanoparticles as fluorescent contrast agents
Creators: name: Thümmler, Justus F.
name: Kampe, Andreas Helmut
name: Krüger, Jana
name: Hinderberger, Dariush
name: Schmitt, Franz-Josef
name: Tang, Guo
name: Golmohamadi, Farzin Ghane
name: Laufer, Jan
name: Binder, Wolfgang H.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 541

description: Controlling the internal structures of single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) is an important factor for their targeted chemical design and synthesis, especially in view of nanosized compartments presenting different local environments as a main feature to control functionality. We here design SCNPs bearing near-infrared fluorescent dyes embedded in hydrophobic compartments for use as contrast agents in pump–probe photoacoustic (PA) imaging, displaying improved properties by the location of the dye in the hydrophobic particle core. Compartment formation is controlled via single-chain collapse and subsequent crosslinking of an amphiphilic polymer using external crosslinkers in reaction media of adjustable polarity. Different SCNPs with hydrodynamic diameters of 6-12 nm bearing adjustable label densities are synthesized. It is found that the specific conditions for single-chain collapse have a major impact on the formation of the desired core–shell structure, in turn adjusting the internal nanocompartments together with the formation of excitonic dye couples, which in turn increase their fluorescence lifetime and PA signal generation. SCNPs with the dye molecules accumulate at the core also show a nonlinear PA response as a function of pulse energy—a property that can be exploited as a contrast mechanism in molecular PA tomography.
Role of geometrical symmetry in thermally activated processes in clusters of interacting dipolar moments
Creators: name: Hovorka, O.
name: Barker, J.
name: Friedman, G.
name: Chantrell, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermally activated magnetization decay is studied in ensembles of clusters of interacting dipolar moments by applying the master-equation formalism, as a model of thermal relaxation in systems of interacting single-domain ferromagnetic particles. Solving the associated master-equation reveals a breakdown of the energy barrier picture depending on the geometrical symmetry of structures. Deviations are most pronounced for reduced symmetry and result in a strong interaction dependence of relaxation rates on the memory of system initialization. A simple two-state system description of an ensemble of clusters is developed which accounts for the observed anomalies. These results follow from a semi-analytical treatment, and are fully supported by kinetic Monte-Carlo simulations.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Non-parametric Bayesian modeling of complex networks
Creators: name: Schmidt, Mikkel N.
name: Mørup, Morten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modeling structure in complex networks using Bayesian non-parametrics makes it possible to specify flexible model structures and infer the adequate model complexity from the observed data. This paper provides a gentle introduction to non-parametric Bayesian modeling of complex networks: Using an infinite mixture model as running example we go through the steps of deriving the model as an infinite limit of a finite parametric model, inferring the model parameters by Markov chain Monte Carlo, and checking the model's fit and predictive performance. We explain how advanced non-parametric models for complex networks can be derived and point out relevant literature.
Meridian Surfaces of Elliptic or Hyperbolic Type in the Four-dimensional Minkowski Space
Creators: name: Ganchev, Georgi
name: Milousheva, Velichka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53A35

description: We consider a special class of spacelike surfaces in the Minkowski 4-space which are one-parameter systems of meridians of the rotational hypersurface with timelike or spacelike axis. We call these surfaces meridian surfaces of elliptic or hyperbolic type, respectively. On the base of our invariant theory of surfaces we study meridian surfaces with special invariants and give the complete classification of the meridian surfaces with constant Gauss curvature or constant mean curvature. We also classify the Chen meridian surfaces and the meridian surfaces with parallel normal bundle.
description: 18 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1312.1464, arXiv:1205.6350, arXiv:1105.3370, arXiv:1402.5848
Understanding nonlinearities with Machine-Learning techniques
Creators: name: Pascual-Granado, Javier
name: Rodón Ortiz, Jose Ramón
name: Roche Arroyos, Cristina
name: Lares-Martiz, Mariel
name: Mirouh, Giovanni
name: Rodríguez Sánchez, Miriam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Delta Scuti
Nonlinearities
Stellar Pulsation
Data Analysis
Machine Learning

description: Ultra-precise photometric data gathered by recent space missions allow to improve our knowledge of stars significantly but challenges to find models that fit the observations with the state-of-the-art theory are raised. In addition, the huge amount of data requires the application of innovative data analysis techniques to exploit the information. Machine learning could help us both to deal with the large amount of data and to explore new ways to process the lightcurves of pulsating stars. Of special interest for studies of intermediate mass pulsating stars is the decades-old unsolved non-linear phenomenon. The aim of this project is to use machine learning tools in order to characterize a sample of pulsating stars through clustering analysis to shed some light into the nature of the nonlinear phenomenon. Specifically, we focus here on the classification of Delta Scuti stars as High Amplitude (HADS) and Low Amplitude (LADS) through the analysis of the nonlinear parameters characterizing the lightcurves (e.g. harmonics and combinations). The input parameters are extracted from the lightcurves of a sample of stars observed by TESS space satellite. The application of ML for understanding nonlinearities have a great potential use for the Complementary Science Program of PLATO.
Social and Economic Characteristics of the Population in Metro and Nonmetro Counties, 1970
Creators: name: Hines, Fred K.
name: Brown, David L.
name: Zimmer, John M.
name: Hines, Fred K.
name: Brown, David L.
name: Zimmer, John M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Communities
subject: Employment
subject: Family income
subject: Farm exodus
subject: Farm population
subject: Income
subject: Low-income families
subject: Migration
subject: Mobility
subject: Population
subject: Poverty
subject: Race
subject: Regional analysis
subject: Rural areas
subject: Social trends
subject: Urban areas

description: U.S. counties are classified along a dimension of urban-rural orientation and the socioeconomic characteristics of their populations are compared for 1970 and for 1960-70 trends. Differences between the total population and the minority population are also compared. Socioeconomic characteristics examined include population distribution and growth; age, sex, and family structures; geographic mobility; education; labor force participation and occupational status; income; and incidence of poverty. Findings indicate that the population of totally rural nonmetropolitan counties, compared with that of other counties, has a relatively low level of current socioeconomic status and future potential. The population of the more urbanized nonmetropolitan counties compares favorably with that of metropolitan areas in terms of age structure, geographic mobility, educational attainment, income, and employment status. Across all residence categories, however, there are substantial differences between the total population and the minority population.
Brain modularity controls the critical behavior of spontaneous activity
Creators: name: Russo, Roberta
name: Herrmann, Hans J
name: de Arcangelis, Lucilla
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The human brain exhibits a complex structure made of scale-free highly connected modules loosely interconnected by weaker links to form a small-world network. These features appear in healthy patients whereas neurological diseases often modify this structure. An important open question concerns the role of brain modularity in sustaining the critical behaviour of spontaneous activity. Here we analyse the neuronal activity of a model, successful in reproducing on non-modular networks the scaling behaviour observed in experimental data, on a modular network implementing the main statistical features measured in human brain. We show that on a modular network, regardless the strength of the synaptic connections or the modular size and number, activity is never fully scale-free. Neuronal avalanches can invade different modules which results in an activity depression, hindering further avalanche propagation. Critical behaviour is solely recovered if inter-module connections are added, modifying the modular into a more random structure.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Bücherrezension: „Neue Wege in die Biologie“ von Ulrich Kattmann und Kolleg*innen
Creators: name: Isaak, Ricarda Corinna
name: Großschedl, Jörg
name: Ferreira González, Laura
name: Wilde, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Biologie (ZDB) - Biologie Lehren und Lernen
Year: 2020

description: Zeitschrift für Didaktik der Biologie (ZDB) - Biologie Lehren und Lernen, Vol. 24 (2020)
Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) septentrionalis
Creators: name: Lehnert, Helmut
name: Stone, Robert P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Poecilosclerida
Raspailiidae
Raspailia
Raspailia septentrionalis

description: Suggestion of Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) septentrionalis as replacement name for Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) fruticosa Lehnert & Stone, 2015
HELMUT LEHNERT 1,2 & ROBERT P. STONE 3
 1Eichenstr. 14, 86507 Oberottmarshausen, Germany. E-mail: Lehnert@spongetaxonomics.de
 2GeoBio-Center LMU München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333München, Germany
 3Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 17109 Point Lena Loop, Juneau, Alaska 99801 USA
 Shortly after publication of Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) fruticosa Lehnert & Stone, 2015 Rob Van Soest (pers. communication) noticed that this species name is a junior primary homonym of Raspailia fruticosa Dendy, 1887, now accepted as Endectyon fruticosa. According to the ICZN the published species name is unavailable and we now suggest to replace the name with Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) septentrionalis (holotype deposited at the Zoologische Staatssammlung München, ZSM 20150392, collection data published in Lehnert & Stone 2015).
 Etymology: from lat. septentrionalis—north, northerly— Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) septentrionalis occurs in the North Pacific and the only other member of the subgenus Hymeraphiopsis occurs in the Antarctic.
description: Published as part of Lehnert, Helmut & Stone, Robert P., 2016, Suggestion of Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) septentrionalis as replacement name for Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) fruticosa Lehnert & Stone, 2015, pp. 139 in Zootaxa 4092 (1) on page 139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4092.1.9, http://zenodo.org/record/267456
title: Design Development and Implementation of a Resiliency-Based After-School Program for Sixth Grade Students Through Recreational Activities
Creators: name: Collins, Takeyra
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2009

description: Fostering youth development is the responsibility of caring adults who have the opportunity to provide support, opportunities, and services in a safe and enlightening environment. The purpose of the current study was to determine the benefits of a resiliency-based after-school program and to examine the design, development and implementation of recreational activities that were developed to instill resiliency traits in at-risk youth. The after-school program has resiliency-based activities for sixth graders that were facilitated by undergraduate college students at a public middle school in Norfolk, VA. A 40-item questionnaire, the Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (RASP), was used to gather information from the sixth grade students. A pre and post test was administered by the directors and graduate assistants of the in-school and afterschool portions. Internal and external validity analyses and reliability analyses provide support for the RASP as an accurate measure of the resiliency traits. Results did not find evidence for differences between gender, nor did it find evidence for those sixth graders who participated in both the in-school and after-school portions versus those who only participated in the in-school portion. Furthermore, the results did not find significant difference in one resiliency trait in comparison to the other six. The discussion relays findings back to the literature and investigates implications as to why evidence was not found.
Diverter-Type Mechanical Sampling of Grain: A Cost Analysis
Creators: name: Schnake, L. D.
name: Watson, C. A
name: Schnake, L. D.
name: Watson, C. A
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Grain marketing
subject: mechanical sampling
subject: sampling costs
subject: yellow certificate
subject: grain inspection

description: Costs of sampling grain using a diverter-type mechanical sampler were synthesized for five sampler sizes operated at six levels of annual throughput. The ranges of annual operating costs (cents per bushel) for samples in the study were: (1) 6-inch sampler, 0.0740-0.6242; (2) 9- inch sampler, 0.0591-0.7618; (3) 10-inch sampler, 0.0529-0.7618; (4) 16-inch sampler, 0.0157-0.0439; and (5) 36-inch sampler, 0.0073-0.0602. These cost data will allow grain industry decisionmakers to analyze the costs against expected benefits of adopting the warehouseman's sample-lot inspection service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Widespread adoption of the warehouseman's sample-lot inspection of grain which utilizes the diverter-type mechanical sampler would contribute significantly to railcar utilization, and consequently to increased efficiency throughout the grain marketing-transportation complex.
Beyond grades: Advancing global learning through personal and social responsibility in a globally connected peace journalism course
Creators: name: Wajiha Raza Rizvi
name: Jacob, Jacob Udo-Udo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130201 Creative Arts, Media and Communication Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 200199 Communication and Media Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: 190301 Journalism Studies
subject: 190399 Journalism and Professional Writing not elsewhere classified

description: Nigeria and Pakistan have faced very similar challenges: religious and political crises, attacks on education by extremist groups, and oppressive cultural practices against women. In this chapter, the authors discuss how they invoked these challenges to inspire students in a globally connected dourse on Peace Journalism to learn how to tell stories of victims of Boko Haram violence in Nigeria and Honor Killings in Pakistan. Drawing on the Personal and Social Responsibility learning outcome in the Global Learning VALUE Rubric, the authors discuss the pedagogical principles as well as the teaching and learning blueprint that inspired students to respond to the deeper calling of the course beyond the usual instinctual drive for grades.
Instabilities on graphene's honeycomb lattice with electron-phonon interactions
Creators: name: Classen, Laura
name: Scherer, Michael M.
name: Honerkamp, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of electron-phonon interactions on the many-body instabilities of electrons on the honeycomb lattice and their interplay with repulsive local and non-local Coulomb interactions at charge neutrality. To that end, we consider in-plane optical phonon modes with wavevectors close to the $Γ$ point as well as to the $K, -K$ points and calculate the effective phonon-mediated electron-electron interaction by integrating out the phonon modes. Ordering tendencies are studied by means of a momentum-resolved functional renormalization group approach allowing for an unbiased investigation of the appearing instabilities. In the case of an exclusive and supercritical phonon-mediated interaction, we find a Kekulé and a nematic bond ordering tendency being favored over the $s$-wave superconducting state. The competition between the different phonon-induced orderings clearly shows a repulsive interaction between phonons at small and large wavevector transfers. We further discuss the influence of phonon-mediated interactions on electronically-driven instabilities induced by onsite, nearest neighbor and next-to-nearest neighbor density-density interactions. We find an extension of the parameter regime of the spin density wave order going along with an increase of the critical scales where ordering occurs, and a suppression of competing orders.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Social and Labor Adjustment of Rural Black Americans in the Mississippi Delta: A Case Study of Madison, Ark.
Creators: name: Grinstead, Mary Jo
name: Green, Bernal L.
name: Redfern, J. Martin
name: Grinstead, Mary Jo
name: Green, Bernal L.
name: Redfern, J. Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Employment
subject: Rural poverty
subject: Blacks
subject: Rural industries
subject: Rural social structure
subject: Mississippi Delta
subject: Arkansas

description: In a study of socioeconomic factors affecting employment of rural people in industry, residents of Madison, Ark., a primarily low-income black community of about 985 in the Mississippi Delta, did not exhibit the "culture of poverty" often attributed to low-income groups. Attitudinal factors affecting employability were measured on five scales by race, sex, age, income, education, and welfare status. Although black groups uniformly scored lower on a scale to measure socioeconomic status (even when balanced by income level and educational attainment), blacks did not uniformly have lower mean scores than whites on scales measuring social participation and job satisfaction potential. Nor were blacks more externally controlled or more tolerant of deviant behavior than whites. Major physical deterrents to employment were lack of transportation and unsatisfactory work environment.
Wavelet approximation of correlated wavefunctions. II. Hyperbolic wavelets and adaptive approximation schemes
Creators: name: Luo, Hongjun
name: Kolb, Dietmar
name: Flad, Heinz-Jürgen
name: Hackbusch, Wolfgang
name: Koprucki, Thomas
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: wavelets
subject: adaptive schemes
subject: correlated wavefunctions
subject: Jastrow factor
subject: electron-electron cusp
subject: groundstate
subject: 65T60
subject: 81V70

description: We have studied various aspects concerning the use of hyperbolic wavelets and adaptive approximation schemes for wavelet expansions of correlated wavefunctions. In order to analyze the consequences of reduced regularity of the wavefunction at the electron-electron cusp, we first considered a realistic exactly solvable many-particle model in one dimension. Convergence rates of wavelet expansions, with respect to L2 and H1 norms and the energy, were established for this model. We compare the performance of hyperbolic wavelets and their extensions through adaptive refinement in the cusp region, to a fully adaptive treatment based on the energy contribution of individual wavelets. Although hyperbolic wavelets show an inferior convergence behavior, they can be easily refined in the cusp region yielding an optimal convergence rate for the energy. Preliminary results for the helium atom are presented, which demonstrate the transferability of our observations to more realistic systems. We propose a contraction scheme for wavelets in the cusp region, which reduces the number of degrees of freedom and yields a favorable cost to benefit ratio for the evaluation of matrix elements.
Memory effects in the relaxation of a confined granular gas
Creators: name: Brey, J. Javier
name: de Soria, M. I. García
name: Maynar, P.
name: Buzón, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accuracy of a model to describe the horizontal dynamics of a confined quasi-two-dimensional system of inelastic hard spheres is discussed by comparing its predictions for the relaxation of the temperature in an homogenous system with molecular dynamics simulation results for the original system. A reasonably good agreement is found. Next, the model is used to investigate the peculiarities of the nonlinear evolution of the temperature when the parameter controlling the energy injection is instantaneously changed while the system was relaxing. This can be considered as a non-equilibrium generalization of the Kovacs effect. It is shown that, in the low density limit, the effect can be accurately described by using a simple kinetic theory based on the first Sonine approximation for the one-particle distribution function. Some possible experimental implications are indicated.
Packing California Vine-Ripe Tomatoes: Costs and Efficiencies
Creators: name: Jesse, Edward V.
name: Jesse, Edward V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1974
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Tomatoes
subject: Packing
subject: Costs
subject: Models
subject: Economy of size

description: Synthesized costs for three model packinghouses in California showed significant economies of size for vine-ripe tomatoes. Mechanization of the sizing process and substitution of bins for field boxes in packinghouse operations were primarily responsible for the cost savings. Under a specified season length and operating capacity, a small model packinghouse had per unit operating costs of $1.60; a medium-size model, $1.30; and a large model, $1.15. The most efficient size of packinghouse for a given area, however, was shown to depend heavily on season length.
"Study on Effect of Drying Techniques on Area Yield and Quality of Leather"
Creators: name: Endale Dabeta
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Drying is an important process in leather making in which tanning agents, dyestuffs and fat- liquoring agents combine with collagen further and water is evaporated to fulfill the demands of final leather product, therefore drying is one of mechanical operation which has significant effect on leather chemical and physical properties. Using different techniques of drying in the processing of Garment leather affect the change in the area yield of the leathers as distinct from each other’s. The area yield has great significance for the commerce since the price of piece of finished garment leather is sold based on its area yield. In this research, the effects of normal, toggle and vacuum drying techniques on the area yield of garment leather and the quality of the garment leather dried under each techniques of drying characterized based on moisture content, softness, tensile strength and elongation at break, subjective property and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was studied.
Behavioral and Network Origins of Wealth Inequality: Insights from a Virtual World
Creators: name: Fuchs, Benedikt
name: Thurner, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Almost universally, wealth is not distributed uniformly within societies or economies. Even though wealth data have been collected in various forms for centuries, the origins for the observed wealth-disparity and social inequality are not yet fully understood. Especially the impact and connections of human behavior on wealth could so far not be inferred from data. Here we study wealth data from the virtual economy of the massive multiplayer online game (MMOG) Pardus. This data not only contains every player's wealth at every point in time, but also all actions of every player over a timespan of almost a decade. We find that wealth distributions in the virtual world are very similar to those in western countries. In particular we find an approximate exponential for low wealth and a power-law tail. The Gini index is found to be $g=0.65$, which is close to the indices of many Western countries. We find that wealth-increase rates depend on the time when players entered the game. Players that entered the game early on tend to have remarkably higher wealth-increase rates than those who joined later. Studying the players' positions within their social networks, we find that the local position in the trade network is most relevant for wealth. Wealthy people have high in- and out-degree in the trade network, relatively low nearest-neighbor degree and a low clustering coefficient. Wealthy players have many mutual friendships and are socially well respected by others, but spend more time on business than on socializing. We find that players that are not organized within social groups with at least three members are significantly poorer on average. We observe that high `political' status and high wealth go hand in hand. Wealthy players have few personal enemies, but show animosity towards players that behave as public enemies.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, 8 pages SI
X-ray spectral and timing behavior of Scorpius X-1. Spectral hardening during the flaring branch
Creators: name: Titarchuk, Lev
name: Seifina, Elena
name: Shrader, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the spectral and timing properties of X-ray emission from the Z-source Sco~X-1 during its evolution between the Horizontal (HB) and Flaring(FB) branches observed with the RXTE during the 1996 -- 2002 period. We find that the broad-band (3 - 250 keV) energy spectra during all spectral states can be adequately reproduced by a model, consisting of two Comptonized components and an iron-line. We suggest that the seed photons of kT_s1~0.7 keV coming from the disk and of temperature kT_s2~1.8 keV coming from the neutron star (NS) are each upscattered by hot electrons of a "Compton cloud" (herein Comptb1 and Comptb2 components respectively with which are associated similarly subscripted parameters). The photon power-law index Gamma_{2} is almost constant (Gamma_{2}~2) for all spectral states. In turn, Gamma_{1} demonstrates a two-phase behavior with the spectral state: Gamma_{1} is quasi-constant at the level Gamma_{1}~2 for the HB-NB and Gamma_{1} is less than 2, namely in the range of 1.3
description: 27 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted by the ApJ and scheduled for publication for the July 10, 2014, v 789, 2nd issue
Palindromic Width of Finitely Generated Solvable Groups
Creators: name: Bardakov, Valeriy G.
name: Gongopadhyay, Krishnendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 20F16, Secondary 20F65, 20F19, 20E22

description: We investigate the palindromic width of finitely generated solvable groups. We prove that every finitely generated $3$-step solvable group has finite palindromic width. More generally, we show the finiteness of palindromic width for finitely generated abelian-by-nilpotent-by-nilpotent groups. For arbitrary solvable groups of step $\geq 3$, we prove that if $G$ is a finitely generated solvable group that is an extension of an abelian group by a group satisfying the maximal condition for normal subgroups, then the palindromic width of $G$ is finite. We also prove that the palindromic width of $\mathbb Z \wr \mathbb Z$ with respect to the set of standard generators is $3$.
Symmetries in the collective excitations of an electron gas in core-shell nanowires
Creators: name: Royo, Miquel
name: Bertoni, Andrea
name: Goldoni, Guido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the collective excitations and inelastic light scattering cross-section of an electron gas confined in a GaAs/AlGaAs coaxial quantum well. These system can be engineered in a core-multi-shell nanowire and inherit the hexagonal symmetry of the underlying nanowire substrate. As a result, the electron gas forms both quasi 1D channels and quasi 2D channels at the quantum well bents and facets, respectively. Calculations are performed within the RPA and TDDFT approaches. We derive symmetry arguments which allow to enumerate and classify charge and spin excitations and determine whether excitations may survive to Landau damping. We also derive inelastic light scattering selection rules for different scattering geometries. Computational issues stemming from the need to use a symmetry compliant grid are also investigated systematically.
Intermittent dust mass loss from activated asteroid P/2013 P5 (PANSTARRS)
Creators: name: Moreno., F.
name: Licandro, J.
name: Álvarez-Iglesias, C.
name: Cabrera-Lavers, A.
name: Pozuelos, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations and models of the dust environment of activated asteroid P/2013 P5 (PANSTARRS). The object displayed a complex morphology during the observations, with the presence of multiple tails. We combined our own observations, all made with instrumentation attached to the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) on La Palma, with previously published Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images to build a model aimed at fitting all the observations. Altogether, the data cover a full 3-month period of observations which can be explained by an intermittent dust loss. The most plausible scenario is that of an asteroid rotating with the spinning axis oriented perpendicular to the orbit plane and loosing mass from the equatorial region, consistent with a rotational break-up. Assuming that the ejection velocity of the particles (v$\sim$0.02-0.05 m s$^{-1}$) corresponds to the escape velocity, the object diameter is constrained to $\sim$30-130 m for bulk densities 3000 to 1000 kg m$^{-3}$.
description: Accepted by ApJ
The synthesis and characterization of semiconductor nanorods as active materials for light emitting diodes
Creators: name: Jia, Na
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: This Master’s thesis describes the preparation of nanorod semiconductors and its application in light emitting diodes (LEDs). The synthsis was carried out by the hot injection method and the closely packaged nanorods layers were obtained for the LED devices. The assemblies provide a realistic path to incorporate these materials into devices. The technique of fabrication of LED was undertaken by synthesis of II-VI semiconductor nanorods, assembling them using electrophoretic deposition. Typically, the supercrystal films consisting of highly ordered and vertically aligned CdSe1-xSx nanorod, CdSe nanorod and CdS nanorod were prepared as the emitters which are regarded as one of the most promising. LED materials due to their tunable and directional emission spectra, high damage threshold and low energy formation processes. In addition, preparation of highly monodisperse CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods with tunable aspect ratios is described. The optical properties are compositionally tunable with the size of the CdSe core. Importantly, the influence of reaction time on shape/size control of the CdSe core is explored to achieved the desired nanorod Photoluminescence (PL). The synthetic protocol is reliable to allow good control over the PL of nanorod from green (535nm) to red (621nm), suited for the application in the LEDs with vertical superstructures. The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is employed to the fabrication of the emission layer. The green and red NR-LEDs show a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.041 % and 0.0003% respectively. This performance is lower, the performance can be enhanced by the formation of vertically aligned NRs made by EPD, which can reduce the resistance of the carrier transport and balance the carrier injection.
Band symmetries of mixed-valence topological insulator: SmB6
Creators: name: Kang, Chang-Jong
name: Kim, Junwon
name: Kim, Kyoo
name: Kang, J. -S.
name: Denlinger, J. D.
name: Min, B. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the band structure and the band symmetry of mixed-valence insulator SmB$_{6}$ systematically within the density functional theory (DFT). We have analyzed the symmetries and characters of Sm $4f$ and $5d$ bands near the Fermi level ($E_F$) in terms of the non-relativistic real cubic bases as well as the relativistic complex bases incorporating the spin-orbit coupling and the cubic crystal field. Further, we have found that the semi-core band located at $\sim 15$ eV below $E_F$ has the mixed parity and thereby affects the parity eigenvalues of the special ${\bf k}$-points considerably. We have discussed the possible surface states and topological class of SmB$_{6}$, based on the bulk parity tables.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Spectral asymptotics of a strong $δ'$ interaction supported by a surface
Creators: name: Exner, Pavel
name: jex, Michal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81Q10

description: We derive asymptotic expansion for the spectrum of Hamiltonians with a strong attractive $δ'$ interaction supported by a smooth surface in $\R^3$, either infinite and asymptotically planar, or compact and closed. Its second term is found to be determined by a Schrödinger type operator with an effective potential expressed in terms of the interaction support curvatures.
description: 13 pages, no figures