cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analyse des Determinants des Exportations Beninoises de Noix D'Anacarde
Creators: name: Adegbola, Patrice Ygue
name: Zinsou, Jacques
name: Adegbola, Patrice Ygue
name: Zinsou, Jacques
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: La dépendance du Bénin d’une seule culture d’exportation a jusqu’ici fragilisé son économie. La filière cajou apparaît comme l’une des plus intéressantes à développer suite à la crise cotonnière. Cet article examine les facteurs qui expliquent les exportations des noix d'anacarde au Bénin et leurs effets. Pour ce faire, la méthode d’estimation des Modèles à Correction d’Erreur (ECM) est utilisée. Les résultats révèlent que l’augmentation de la production et la pratique d’un prix relativement bas permettra au Bénin d’acroitre significativement le niveau actuel de ses exportations de noix cajou à court et à long terme. Mots clés : Noix de cajou, Exportations, Modèle à correction d’erreur, Bénin.
Performance evaluations for multimedia applications over PR-SCTP
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao Lei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: As multimedia applications over the Internet proliferate, the efficient transport of both the signaling and multimedia data becomes increasingly important. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), the two most widely used but limited transport protocols, are not well suited to contemporary multimedia applications involving digital voice, audio and video communications. In recent years, a new transport protocol, SCTP, has attracted much attention in the technical community. Compared to TCP and UDP, SCTP is considered to meet the requirements for a wider set of applications. With the extension of the partial reliable SCTP (PR-SCTP), SCTP provides an even more flexible transport service. We propose schemes to effectively apply PR-SCTP to multimedia signaling and real media data. In this thesis, our proposed scheme for multimedia signaling is SIP over PRSCTP. In this scheme, SIP messages are sent with either partial reliable, reliable or unreliable services according to their types and requirements, Both application and transport layer retransmission mechanisms are properly coordinated to efficiently retransmit lost data. Our proposed differentiated services of PR-SCTP are applied to multimedia data. In this scheme, therefore, network resources are used more efficiently by treating media data differently. The performance of SIP over UDP, SCTP and PR-SCTP are compared in the thesis. Simulation results show that, compared with UDP and SCTP, the proposed scheme using PR-SCTP improves the performance of SIP transport under both high and low SIP traffic. The scheme for running multimedia data over PR-SCTP achieves more successful transmissions for high-priority messages in a congested network.
Examination of Community Sentiment Dynamics due to COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study from A State in Australia
Creators: name: Zhou, Jianlong
name: Yang, Shuiqiao
name: Xiao, Chun
name: Chen, Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused unprecedented impacts to people's daily life around the world. Various measures and policies such as lockdown and social-distancing are implemented by governments to combat the disease during the pandemic period. These measures and policies as well as virus itself may cause different mental health issues to people such as depression, anxiety, sadness, etc. In this paper, we exploit the massive text data posted by Twitter users to analyse the sentiment dynamics of people living in the state of New South Wales (NSW) in Australia during the pandemic period. Different from the existing work that mostly focuses the country-level and static sentiment analysis, we analyse the sentiment dynamics at the fine-grained local government areas (LGAs). Based on the analysis of around 94 million tweets that posted by around 183 thousand users located at different LGAs in NSW in five months, we found that people in NSW showed an overall positive sentimental polarity and the COVID-19 pandemic decreased the overall positive sentimental polarity during the pandemic period. The fine-grained analysis of sentiment in LGAs found that despite the dominant positive sentiment most of days during the study period, some LGAs experienced significant sentiment changes from positive to negative. This study also analysed the sentimental dynamics delivered by the hot topics in Twitter such as government policies (e.g. the Australia's JobKeeper program, lockdown, social-distancing) as well as the focused social events (e.g. the Ruby Princess Cruise). The results showed that the policies and events did affect people's overall sentiment, and they affected people's overall sentiment differently at different stages.
description: accepted by Springer Nature Computer Science
Graded algebras with cyclotomic Hilbert series
Creators: name: Borzì, Alessio
name: D'Alì, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 13D40, Secondary: 13A02, 16S37, 20M14, 13H10

description: Let $R$ be a positively graded algebra over a field. We say that $R$ is Hilbert-cyclotomic if the numerator of its reduced Hilbert series has all of its roots on the unit circle. Such rings arise naturally in commutative algebra, numerical semigroup theory and Ehrhart theory. If $R$ is standard graded, we prove that, under the additional hypothesis that $R$ is Koszul or has an irreducible $h$-polynomial, Hilbert-cyclotomic algebras coincide with complete intersections. In the Koszul case, this is a consequence of some classical results about the vanishing of deviations of a graded algebra.
description: 14 pages. Comments are very welcome!
Grain price adjustment asymmetry: the case of cowpea in Ghana
Creators: name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Africa
subject: Ghana
subject: wholesalers
subject: market information
subject: autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity
subject: threshold autoregressive

description: Patterns in price adjustment in response to information are important to market practitioners. This study looks at cowpea real wholesale price adjustment patterns in Bolgatanga, Wa, Makola and Techiman markets in Ghana. Using Techiman as the central market, a threshold autoregressive test for asymmetric price adjustment rejected the null hypothesis of symmetric adjustment for only the Bolgatanga-Techiman price series. An autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic regression indicates that wholesalers in Bolgatanga market respond differentially to price signals from Techiman than those in the other two markets. This suggests that policies targeting cowpea traders must recognize the differential responses by wholesalers to information.
The Orion Nebula in the mid-IR
Creators: name: Robberto, M.
name: Beckwith, S. V. W.
name: Panagia, N.
name: Patel, S. G.
name: Herbst, T. M.
name: Ligori, S.
name: Custo, A.
name: Boccacci, P.
name: Bertero, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present two wide-field (5'x5'), diffraction limited, broad-band 10 and 20 micron images of the Orion Nebula, plus six 7-13 micron narrow-band images of BN/KL taken at the 3.8m UKIRT telescope. The wide-field images are mosaics of 35"x35" frames reconstructed using a new restoration method developed for this project. They show the filamentary structure of the dust emission and reveal a new remarkable group of arc-like structures ~1' to the South of the Trapezium. The morphology of the Ney-Allen nebula suggests a complex kinematical status at the center of the Cluster. We find indications that the B0.5V star theta1 Ori-D, is surrounded by a photoevaporated circumstellar disk. Among the four historic Trapezium OB stars, this is the only one without a binary companion, suggesting that stellar multiplicity and the presence of massive circumstellar disks may be mutually exclusive. In the BN/KL complex we detect optically thin silicate emission on top of the deep 10 micron absorption feature. We map the foreground optical depth, color temperature and mid-IR luminosity of the embedded sources. We resolve a conspicuous point source at the location of the IRc2-A knot. The spectral profile of the 10 micron feature is compatible with grain crystallization. We detect several point sources In the OMC-1 South region and discuss their association with the mass loss observed at optical and mm wavelengths. Finally, we list the position and photometry of 177 point sources. With two possible exceptions, all point sources detected at shorter wavelengths display 10 micron emission well above the photospheric level. The model of Robberto et al. (2002, ApJ, 578, 897) provides the simplest explanation for the mid-IR excess.
description: 34 pages, 22 figures, 5 tables, AJ in press
Grain Distribution in Ghana under Imperfectly Competitive Market Conditions
Creators: name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
name: Langyintuo, Augustine S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Spatial equilibrium
subject: monopoly
subject: imperfect competition
subject: interspatial
subject: Cournot- Narsh conjectures

description: Interspatial and intertemporal grain distribution in Ghana is a private sector activity carried out mainly by traders. These traders sometimes collude to maximize their joint profits. By so doing they influence the conduct of the grains market. To examine the effect of their actions on the informal maize market in Ghana, a spatial equilibrium model was estimated under three scenarios: (1) Perfect competition, (2) Cournot-Narsh conjectures, and (3) Collusion. The results indicate that imperfect competition distorts grain flows, reduces consumer welfare and depresses traders’ sales revenue. Collusive behavior of traders, on the other hand, causes the greatest distortion of grain flows as well as trader and consumer welfare. These results draw attention to policy makers and development agents to educate traders against using their associations to foster collusion.
A Review of Automated Diagnosis of COVID-19 Based on Scanning Images
Creators: name: Chen, Delong
name: Ji, Shunhui
name: Liu, Fan
name: Li, Zewen
name: Zhou, Xinyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The pandemic of COVID-19 has caused millions of infections, which has led to a great loss all over the world, socially and economically. Due to the false-negative rate and the time-consuming of the conventional Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests, diagnosing based on X-ray images and Computed Tomography (CT) images has been widely adopted. Therefore, researchers of the computer vision area have developed many automatic diagnosing models based on machine learning or deep learning to assist the radiologists and improve the diagnosing accuracy. In this paper, we present a review of these recently emerging automatic diagnosing models. 70 models proposed from February 14, 2020, to July 21, 2020, are involved. We analyzed the models from the perspective of preprocessing, feature extraction, classification, and evaluation. Based on the limitation of existing models, we pointed out that domain adaption in transfer learning and interpretability promotion would be the possible future directions.
description: In ICRAI 2020: 2020 6th International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence
A likelihood-based approach for multivariate categorical response regression in high dimensions
Creators: name: Molstad, Aaron J.
name: Rothman, Adam J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a penalized likelihood method to fit the bivariate categorical response regression model. Our method allows practitioners to estimate which predictors are irrelevant, which predictors only affect the marginal distributions of the bivariate response, and which predictors affect both the marginal distributions and log odds ratios. To compute our estimator, we propose an efficient first order algorithm which we extend to settings where some subjects have only one response variable measured, i.e., the semi-supervised setting. We derive an asymptotic error bound which illustrates the performance of our estimator in high-dimensional settings. Generalizations to the multivariate categorical response regression model are proposed. Finally, simulation studies and an application in pan-cancer risk prediction demonstrate the usefulness of our method in terms of interpretability and prediction accuracy. An R package implementing the proposed method is available for download at github.com/ajmolstad/BvCategorical.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of the American Statistical Association
Additional file 3 of Association of circulating SLAMF7+Tfh1 cells with IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4-related disease
Creators: name: Higashioka, Kazuhiko
name: Ota, Yuri
name: Maehara, Takashi
name: Moriyama, Masafumi
name: Ayano, Masahiro
name: Mitoma, Hiroki
name: Mitsuteru Akahoshi
name: Yojiro Arinobu
name: Horiuchi, Takahiko
name: Nakamura, Seiji
name: Akashi, Koichi
name: Niiro, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Clinical, biological and pathological characteristics of patients with IgG4-RD and HCs. Baseline caharacteristics of patients with IgG4-RD (n = 21) and HC (n = 10) are shown. PSL: prednisolone. (PDF format)
Planning for Climate Change
Creators: name: Sungyop Kim
name: Fengpeng Sun
name: Irazábal, Clara
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Climate scientists have developed high-resolution climate models to project local effects of climate change. However, such high-resolution climate information is not widely incorporated into climate change adaptation plans. In this study we analyze high-resolution (1.24 × 1.24-mile grid) temperature data generated by a climate model for Los Angeles County (CA). The data include projected surface air temperature and the number of extreme heat days (daily maximum temperature exceeding 95 °F) between a baseline period (1981–2000) and a mid-21st-century period (2041–2060). The data assume that human-induced greenhouse gas emissions will continuously increase at the current level and no change in existing built environments. We find significant geographic heterogeneity in terms of climate change effects in Los Angeles County. Also, given the assumptions, we expect inland suburban areas where urban expansion has been occurring to have more severe extreme heat effects than central and coastal areas by mid-century. Planners should engage with climate scientists to access and use high-resolution climate data. The use of high-resolution climate data needs to be mandated in plan-making in the era of climate change. Many regions may have different spatial patterns of extreme heat events and require tailored climate adaptation plans. In Los Angeles County, for example, continuing suburbanization in inland valley areas may need to be discouraged, whereas coastal areas with the least effects may consider denser, inclusive redevelopment strategies.
Informed consent
Creators: name: Akthar, Nahima
name: Nayak, Dr. Smitha
name: P, Dr. Yogesh Pai
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This is an informed consent. The written consent will be obtained before giving the questionnaire
Spin-Hall effect in two-dimensional mesoscopic hole systems
Creators: name: Wu, M. W.
name: Zhou, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin Hall effect in two dimensional hole systems is studied by using the four-terminal Landauer-Büttiker formula with the help of Green functions. The spin Hall effect exists even when there are {\em not} any correlations between the spin-up and -down heavy holes (light holes) and when the $Γ$-point degeneracy of the heavy hole and light hole bands is lifted by the confinement or recovered by the strain. When only a heavy hole charge current without any spin polarization is injected through one lead, under right choice of lead voltages, one can get a pure heavy (light) hole spin current, combined with a possible impure light (heavy) hole spin current from another two leads. The spin Hall coefficients of both heavy and light holes depend on the Fermi energy, devise size and the disorder strength. It is also shown that the spin Hall effect of two dimensional hole systems is much more robust than that of electron systems with the Rashba spin-orbit coupling and the spin Hall coefficients do not decrease with the system size but tend to some nonzero values when the disorder strength is smaller than some critical value.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Spatial Price Transmission Analysis in Agricultural Markets: Does the Data Frequency Improve our Estimation?
Creators: name: Amikuzuno, Joseph
name: Amikuzuno, Joseph
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Ghana
subject: tomato
subject: market integration
subject: physical trade

description: Unavailability of high frequency, weekly or daily data compels most studies of price transmission in developing countries to use low frequency, monthly data for their analyses. Analyzing price dynamics with monthly data may however yield imprecise price adjustment parameters and lead to wrong inferences on price dynamics. This is because agricultural markets in developing countries operate daily or weekly. In this paper, we investigate the relevance of data frequency in price transmission analysis. We use a standard- and a threshold vector error model to estimate and compare price adjustment parameters for a high frequency, semi-weekly, data and a low frequency, monthly data. The results reveal that adjustment parameters estimated from the low frequency data are higher in all cases than those estimated from the high frequency data. We suspect that using low frequency data leads to an overestimation of price adjustment parameters. The findings therefore confirm observations in the literature that high frequency data is capable of estimating price adjustment parameters more precisely than low frequency data. More research involving a large number of observations is however needed to enhance our learning from the usefulness of high frequency data in price transmission analysis.
Crop-Livestock Interactions in Smallholders’ Market Participation: Evidence from Crop-Livestock Mixed Systems in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Jaleta, Moti
name: Gebremedhin, Berhanu
name: Jaleta, Moti
name: Gebremedhin, Berhanu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: market participation
subject: market position
subject: crop-livestock system
subject: smallholder
subject: Ethiopia

description: Most studies on smallholder market participation decisions analyze crop or livestock market participation separately. However, in mixed crop-livestock farming systems, smallholders’ participation decisions in crop and livestock markets may not be separate as a household’s position in one market may be influenced by its position in the other. Where there is limited income from off-farm and/or non-farm activities, household cash requirements for crop production or household consumption are usually met by selling livestock. Similarly, livestock purchase is usually financed by income from crop sales. However, to what extent the position in one market influences the other is still not well explored in the literature. The aim of this paper is to investigate the interactions of crop and livestock output market participation of smallholders, by analyzing the determinants of household market participation positions in both commodities simultaneously. Household level data collected in 2009 from 1075 sample households in ten districts of the four major regions of Ethiopia is used for the analyses. Using simultaneous equation models, we test whether the position of being a net seller in crop market is affected by the position of being a net buyer in the livestock market, and vice versa. Results show that the decision to be a net buyer in crop market is associated positively with the decision to be a net seller in livestock market. Similarly, the decision to be a net seller in crop market is associated positively with the decision to be a net buyer in livestock market. This implies that crop purchase is financed by livestock sale and excess income from crop sale is saved in the form of livestock asset. Thus, policies/strategies enhancing smallholders’ participation in crop and livestock markets in mixed crop-livestock system should pay attention to the production and marketing of both commodities simultaneously.
Housing Single Women
Creators: name: Harten, Julia Gabriele
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Globally, house sharing among unrelated individuals is on the rise. In this study I use a rare data opportunity to uncover the role of gender in an extreme form of shared housing, the case of bed space rentals in Shanghai (China). Combining web-scraped online data with fieldwork, I find that women face gendered hindrances as they trade personal space for spatial access to opportunities. In particular, barriers to entry restrict women’s choices in this housing submarket. In addition, they pay a premium of almost 10% to rent in better, less crowded conditions. This rent premium is driven by distinctively gendered housing needs, including concerns for personal safety. My findings are somewhat constrained by the geographical scope. Although contemporary urban China is facing many of the pressures that have been documented in growing cities globally, Chinese cities are uniquely shaped by the country’s socioeconomic and cultural context, including culturally specific gender norms, economic transition, and the hukou household registration system. Still, the findings provide important impetus for gender-conscious planning approaches to shared housing beyond the Chinese context. The absence of planning solutions for young adults who increasingly navigate prolonged housing transitions has led to a diversity of informal affordable housing strategies, including sharing of accommodation. Because house sharing ostensibly disadvantages women and potentially puts them at risk, planners need to engage gender in approaching the emergent shared housing trend.
Effective JSJ Decompositions
Creators: name: Kharlampovich, Olga
name: Myasnikov, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F10; 03C05

description: In this paper we describe an elimination process which is a deterministic rewriting procedure that on each elementary step transforms one system of equations over free groups into a finitely many new ones. Infinite branches of this process correspond to cyclic splittings of the coordinate group of the initial system of equations. This allows us to construct algorithmically Grushko's decompositions of finitely generated fully residually free groups and cyclic [abelian] JSJ decompositions of freely indecomposable finitely generated fully residually free groups. We apply these results to obtain an effective description of the set of homomorphisms from a given finitely presented group into a free group, or, more generally, into an NTQ group.
description: 126 pages, 15 figures
Warum blieb in der russischen Landwirtschaft die duale Struktur von Großbetrieb und Hauswirtschaften erhalten?
Creators: name: Schulze, Eberhard
name: Schulze, Eberhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: collectivization
subject: privatisation
subject: large-scale farm
subject: household plot
subject: holding

description: The collectivisation of agriculture in most socialistic countries was connected with the development of a dual enterprise structure of large-scale farms and household plots. In Russia, in contrast to other European transition countries, this structure in most regions remained in the main features. The article tried to find reasons for this development. It has been recognised that beside the macroeconomic situation above all the intersection of the three institutional and organisational systems large scale enterprise, rural community and household plots is of importance. Based on this, suggestions for continuation of the agrarian reform in Russia are derived.
Effective Lagrangian for $\bar q\tilde q'_iχ^+_j$, $\bar q\tilde q'_iχ^0_j$ interactions and Fermionic Decays of the Squarks with CP Phases
Creators: name: Ibrahim, Tarek
name: Nath, Pran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The one loop corrected effective Lagrangian for the quark-squark-chargino and quark-squark-neutralino interactions is computed. The effective Lagrangian takes into account the loop corrections arising from the exchange of the gluinos, charginos, neutralinos, W, Z, the charged Higgs, and the neutral Higgs. We further analyze the squark decays into charginos and neutralinos and discuss the effect of the loop corrections on them. The analysis takes into account CP phases in the soft parameters. It is found that the loop corrections to the stop decay widths into chargino and neutralinos can be as much as thirty percent or even larger. Further, the stop decay widths show a strong dependence on the CP phases. These results are of relevance in the precision predictions of squark decays in the context of specific models of soft breaking in supergravity and string based models.
description: 36 pages latex, 10 figures
Tagging Sneutrino Resonances at a Linear Collider with Associated Photons
Creators: name: Choudhury, Debajyoti
name: Rai, Santosh Kumar
name: Raychaudhuri, Sreerup
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sneutrino resonances at a high energy linear e+e- collider may be one of the clearest signals of supersymmetry without R-parity, especially when the R-parity-violating coupling is too small to produce observable excesses in four-fermion processes. However, there is no guarantee that the sneutrino pole will lie anywhere near the machine energy. We show that associated photon production induces the necessary energy spread, and that the resonance then leaves a clear imprint in the photon spectrum. It follows that tagging of a hard mono-energetic photon for a variety of possible final states provides a realistic method of separating sneutrino resonance signals from the Standard Model backgrounds.
description: 25 pages, LaTeX, figures embedded, references added
Photons and electrons as emergent phenomena
Creators: name: Levin, Michael
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in condensed matter theory have revealed that new and exotic phases of matter can exist in spin models (or more precisely, local bosonic models) via a simple physical mechanism, known as "string-net condensation." These new phases of matter have the unusual property that their collective excitations are gauge bosons and fermions. In some cases, the collective excitations can behave just like the photons, electrons, gluons, and quarks in our vacuum. This suggests that photons, electrons, and other elementary particles may have a unified origin -- string-net condensation in our vacuum. In addition, the string-net picture indicates how to make artificial photons, artificial electrons, and artificial quarks and gluons in condensed matter systems.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures, RevTex4. Homepage http://dao.mit.edu/~wen/
Additional file 2 of Association of circulating SLAMF7+Tfh1 cells with IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4-related disease
Creators: name: Higashioka, Kazuhiko
name: Ota, Yuri
name: Maehara, Takashi
name: Moriyama, Masafumi
name: Ayano, Masahiro
name: Mitoma, Hiroki
name: Mitsuteru Akahoshi
name: Yojiro Arinobu
name: Horiuchi, Takahiko
name: Nakamura, Seiji
name: Akashi, Koichi
name: Niiro, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Expression of Ascl2 mRNA and CXCR5 protein in Tfh1 subsets in patients with IgG4-RD. (A) Comparison of levels of Ascl2 mRNA in PD-1− Tfh1 cells, SLAMF7−PD-1+ Tfh1 cells and SLAMF7+PD-1+ Tfh1 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with IgG4-RD (n = 8). (B) Comparison of surface CXCR5 expression in PD-1− Tfh1 cells, SLAMF7−PD-1+ Tfh1 cells and SLAMF7+PD-1+ Tfh1 cells in IgG4-RD patients (shadow: isotype control; dotted line: SLAMF7+PD-1+Tfh1 cells; solid line: SLAMF7−PD-1+Tfh1 cells). * indicates p
Struktur-, Effizienz- und Einkommenswirkungen von Direktzahlungen
Creators: name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Balmann, Alfons
name: Happe, Kathrin
name: Balmann, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: agent based systems
subject: direct payments
subject: policy analysis

description: The paper analyses various forms of direct payments using the agent-based model AgriPoliS. The model is fitted to the agricultural region 'Hohenlohe' in Baden-Württemberg which is characterised by intensive livestock farming. The policy simulations show that decoupled payments which are attached to land do not have significant effects on structural change, competitiveness, and income as compared to the current Agenda 2000 policy. In order to reach a significant and lasting effect on the competitiveness of agriculture direct payments would have to be granted independently of production, land use, and farming activity in general. In order to ensure a sufficient degree of land management, area payments should be decreased to an extent which is just necessary to maintain certain land management standards. In an agricultural region where most land is leased, such a policy would break with the effect that only a small fraction of the income payment stays with the tenant, but is transferred to the land owner. It is especially the farms with a growth potential and a high share of rented land that would benefit from such a policy. The final section of the paper discusses the results in the light of the used modelling approach and with respect to future policy formation.
Generation and Annihilation of Topologically-Protected Bound States in the Continuum and Circularly-Polarized States by Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Yoda, Taiki
name: Notomi, Masaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate by breaking the $C_{6}$ symmetry for higher-order at-$Γ$ bound states in the continuum (BICs) with topological charge $-2$ in photonic crystals, (i) deterministic generation of off-$Γ$ BICs from the at-$Γ$ BIC, and (ii) a variety of pair-creation and annihilation processes of circularly-polarized states with opposite topological charge and same handedness. These processes are well explained by the conservation of handedness-wise topological charges, showing topologically robustness of these phenomena. The results indicate a new control of topological aspect of far-field polarization vectors.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of Enteral versus parenteral nutrition in the conservative treatment of upper gastrointestinal fistula after surgery: a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, open-label, phase III study (NUTRILEAK study)
Creators: name: Gronnier, Caroline
name: Chambrier, Cécile
name: Duhamel, Alain
name: Dervaux, Benoît
name: Collet, Denis
name: Vaudoyer, Delphine
name: Jean-Marc Régimbeau
name: Jougon, Jacques
name: Théréaux, Jérémie
name: Lebreton, Gil
name: Veziant, Julie
name: Valverde, Alain
name: Ortega-Deballon, Pablo
name: Pattou, François
name: Mathonnet, Muriel
name: Perinel, Julie
name: Beyer-Berjot, Laura
name: Fuks, David
name: Rouanet, Philippe
name: Lefevre, Jérémie H.
name: Cattan, Pierre
name: Deguelte, Sophie
name: Meunier, Bernard
name: Jean-Jacques Tuech
name: Pessaux, Patrick
name: Carrere, Nicolas
name: Salame, Ephrem
name: Benaim, Eleonor
name: Dousset, Bertrand
name: Msika, Simon
name: Mariette, Christophe
name: Piessen, Guillaume
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Auswirkungen einer Entkopplung von Ausgleichszahlungen auf den EU-Getreidemarkt
Creators: name: Gomann, Horst
name: Gomann, Horst
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Common Agricultural Policy
subject: EU Cereal Market
subject: Decoupling

description: The proposals for reforming the Common Agricultural Policy within the Mid Term Review of the European Commission fueled the discussion about the future of direct payments to farmers. The EU Commission recommends a decoupling of animal and area payments from the production by granting these direct payments as a payment claim per hectare of eligible farm land. However, introducing area tied payments the intended shift of payments “from the produce to the producer” will not take place, but instead an increased transfer of payments to land owners seems likely. This study therefore analyses the impacts of changing the area payments for grand cultures into person-tied payments on the cereals market of the European Union. For the assessment of impacts homogenous natural locations are clustered. The clustering is based on the regional reference yields for cereals and the share of arable land of total agricultural area in different farm types of the regions. For these production locations total production costs for cereals, oilseeds, and protein crops are calculated as a function of the farm size in order to estimate a cost reduction potential subject to structural changes within agriculture. The main results are the following: 1) Prerequisites are good for the EU to cultivate cereals since a major part of the production is located in highly competitive regions. Thus the EU would remain a net exporter of cereals even producing under world market conditions. However, maintaining the intervention price system while abolishing the set-aside obligation could lead to an uncontrolled increase of cereal stocks. 2) Even on highly competitive locations a significant structural change is required in order to reduce costs and to yield profits without area payments. Depending on the development of the world market prices for cereals the model calculations find a reduction of the work force between 20 000 and 50 000 labor units. 3) Without area payments the profits per hectare and thus the rents would decrease notably and therefore result in a corresponding income loss for land owners. An exclusive granting of payment claims to the producers would in particular affect former farmers, whose rental incomes contribute substantially to their pension plans.
The Influence of Per-hectare Premiums on Prices for Rented Agricultural Area and on Agricultural Land Prices
Creators: name: Fuchs, Clemens
name: Fuchs, Clemens
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: land markets
subject: rental price
subject: per-hectare premiums

description: Within the framework of decreasing support for agricultural incomes by market measures, the per-hectare premiums (ha-premiums) clearly have the task and the effect to stabilise farm incomes. Before direct aids were introduced, there had been periods with decreasing prices for agricultural land and for rented agricultural area in real terms, according to the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data base (specialised crop farms in 53 regions for 11 years) and EUROSTAT data (B, DK, D-W, F, NL in the period 1975 to 1999). Regression analysis is used to show the relationship between hapremiums, land rental prices and other relevant economic variables, such as land prices, rental share, livestock density, the price index of agricultural products and farm income. The analysis shows increasing price effects due to the introduction of ha-premiums on prices for agricultural land and on rental prices. Landlords received a share of about 6 % to 18 % of the ha-premiums (depending on the data source). An in-sample simulation, 1999-continuation scenario, and scenarios of further CAP (Common Agricultural Policy) reforms are used for the assessment of the ex-post and ex-ante developments. The ongoing reforms of the CAP (Agenda 2000, Mid-term Review) and EU enlargement certainly have implications for the land markets.
Packet scheduling in wireless systems by Token Bank Fair Queueing algorithm
Creators: name: Wong, William King
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The amalgamation of wireless systems is a vision for the next generation wireless systems where multimedia applications will dominate. One of the challenges for the operators of next generation networks is the delivery of quality-of-service (QoS) to the end users. Wireless scheduling algorithms play a critical and significant role in the user perception of QoS. However, the scarcity of wireless resources and its unstable channel condition present a challenge to providing QoS. To that end, this thesis proposes a novel scheduling algorithm Token Bank Fair Queuing (TBFQ) that is simple to implement and has the soft tolerance characteristic which is suitable under wireless constraints. TBFQ combines both token-based policing mechanism and fair throughput prioritization rule in scheduling packets over packet-switched wireless systems. This results in a simple design and yet achieves better performance and fairness than existing wireless scheduling strategies. The characterization of the algorithm, which leads to its tight bound performance, is conducted through numerical analysis that recursively determines the steady-state probability distribution of the bandwidth allocation process and ultimately the probability distribution of input queue. We found that the convergence of the recursion is remarkably fast and provides an accurate model and gives a tight bound. The performance of the algorithm is further analyzed through simulation in both TDMA and CDMA systems. In CDMA systems, the algorithm is modified and enhanced to take advantage of the advanced features offered by such system. Furthermore, a novel scheduling framework is proposed as part of the strategy for the deployment of the algorithm within a wireless network. An appropriate call admission control algorithm is also proposed for TBFQ.
South-South monetary regionalism: a case of productive incoherence?
Creators: name: Fritz, Barbara
name: Kaltenbrunner, Annina
name: Mühlich, Laurissa
name: Orsi, Bianca
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Global financial architecture
subject: regional monetary cooperation
subject: Mercosur
subject: Hirschman
subject: productive incoherence
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: The variety of monetary and regional cooperation institutions often is characterised as uneven, fragmented, and partially contested. In contrast to this narrative, Grabel (Citation2018) applies a Hirschmanian mindset to monetary and regional cooperation that highlights the experimental nature of recent innovations as a ‘productive incoherence’. This paper presents a case study of such productive incoherence. We examine the institutional set up of the Local Currency Payments System (SML) between the Mercosur countries based on interviews with Central Bank staff and statistical analysis. We assess the factors that explain the emergence, limitations and institutional linkages of the SML. The results suggest that, despite its small scale, the mechanism expanded and provided to be remarkably robust in midst of a generally agonising Mercosur, representing the first cooperation between the Mercosur central banks after decades of absence of coordination of exchange rate policy and foreign exchange regulation. Our findings confirm and further refine Grabel’s approach: assessing incremental changes in terms of highly specific and contingent policies is key to understanding the role institutions play for development. We conclude that even very small-scale initiatives such as the SML can contribute to developmental monetary and financial governance as a building block of reform and change.
The littlest Higgs model and Higgs boson associated production with top quark pair at high energy linear $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider
Creators: name: Yue, Chong-Xing
name: Wang, Wei
name: Zhang, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the parameter space allowed by the electroweak precision measurement data, we consider the contributions of the new particles predicted by the littlest Higgs($LH$) model to the Higgs boson associated production with top quark pair in the future high energy linear $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider($ILC$). We find that the contributions mainly come from the new gauge bosons $Z_{H}$ and $B_{H}$. For reasonable values of the free parameters, the absolute value of the relative correction parameter $δσ/σ^{SM}$ can be significanly large, which might be observed in the future $ILC$ experiment with $\sqrt{S}=800GeV$.
description: latex files, 13 pages, 3 figures
The Effect of Coupling Memory and Block Length on Spatially Coupled Serially Concatenated Codes
Creators: name: Mahdavi, Mojtaba
name: Farooq, Muhammad Umar
name: Liu, Liang
name: Edfors, Ove
name: Öwall, Viktor
name: Lentmaier, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Spatially coupled serially concatenated codes (SC-SCCs) are a class of spatially coupled turbo-like codes, which have a close-to-capacity performance and low error floor. In this paper we investigate the impact of coupling memory, block length, decoding window size, and number of iterations on the performance, complexity, and latency of SC-SCCs. Several design tradeoffs are presented to see the relation between these parameters in a wide range. Also, our analysis provides design guidelines for SC-SCCs in different scenarios to make the code design independent of block length. As a result, block length and coupling memory can be exchanged flexibly without changing the latency and complexity. Also, we observe that the performance of SC-SCCs is improved with respect to the uncoupled ensembles for a fixed latency and complexity.
description: Presented at the IEEE 93rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC) 2021-Spring
Additional file 1 of Association of circulating SLAMF7+Tfh1 cells with IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4-related disease
Creators: name: Higashioka, Kazuhiko
name: Ota, Yuri
name: Maehara, Takashi
name: Moriyama, Masafumi
name: Ayano, Masahiro
name: Mitoma, Hiroki
name: Mitsuteru Akahoshi
name: Yojiro Arinobu
name: Horiuchi, Takahiko
name: Nakamura, Seiji
name: Akashi, Koichi
name: Niiro, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Expression of IL-21 and IL-10 mRNA in SLAMF7+ activated Tfh1 cells and activated Tfh2 cells in IgG4-RD. Comparison of levels of IL-21 and IL-10 mRNA in SLAMF7+PD-1+ Tfh1 cells and PD-1+ Tfh2 cells in the peripheral blood of patients with IgG4-RD (n = 5). * indicates p
Off the Grid…and Back Again?
Creators: name: Boeing, Geoff
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: In this morphological study I identify and measure recent nationwide trends in American street network design. Historically, orthogonal street grids provided the interconnectivity and density that researchers identify as important factors for reducing vehicular travel and emissions and increasing road safety and physical activity. During the 20th century, griddedness declined in planning practice along with declines in urban form compactness, density, and connectivity as urbanization sprawled around automobile dependence. But less is known about comprehensive empirical trends across U.S. neighborhoods, especially in recent years. Here I use public and open data to examine tract-level street networks across the entire United States. I develop theoretical and measurement frameworks for a quality of street networks defined here as griddedness. I measure how griddedness, orientation order, straightness, 4-way intersections, and intersection density declined from 1940 through the 1990s, while dead-ends and block lengths increased. However, since 2000, these trends have rebounded, shifting back toward historical design patterns. Despite this rebound, when controlling for topography and built environment factors, all decades after 1939 are associated with lower griddedness than pre-1940 decades. Higher griddedness is associated with less car ownership—which itself has a well-established relationship with vehicle kilometers traveled and greenhouse gas emissions—while controlling for density, home and household size, income, jobs proximity, street network grain, and local topography. Interconnected grid-like street networks offer practitioners an important tool for curbing car dependence and emissions. Once established, street patterns determine urban spatial structure for centuries, so proactive planning is essential.