cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gaussian Process Regression with Local Explanation
Creators: name: Yoshikawa, Yuya
name: Iwata, Tomoharu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Gaussian process regression (GPR) is a fundamental model used in machine learning. Owing to its accurate prediction with uncertainty and versatility in handling various data structures via kernels, GPR has been successfully used in various applications. However, in GPR, how the features of an input contribute to its prediction cannot be interpreted. Herein, we propose GPR with local explanation, which reveals the feature contributions to the prediction of each sample, while maintaining the predictive performance of GPR. In the proposed model, both the prediction and explanation for each sample are performed using an easy-to-interpret locally linear model. The weight vector of the locally linear model is assumed to be generated from multivariate Gaussian process priors. The hyperparameters of the proposed models are estimated by maximizing the marginal likelihood. For a new test sample, the proposed model can predict the values of its target variable and weight vector, as well as their uncertainties, in a closed form. Experimental results on various benchmark datasets verify that the proposed model can achieve predictive performance comparable to those of GPR and superior to that of existing interpretable models, and can achieve higher interpretability than them, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Dark matter fraction derived from the M31 rotation curve
Creators: name: Hammer, F.
name: Yang, Y. B.
name: Amram, P.
name: Chemin, L.
name: Mamon, G. A.
name: Wang, J. L.
name: Akib, I.
name: Jiao, Y. J.
name: Wang, H. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mass estimates of a spiral galaxy derived from its rotation curve must account for the galaxy's past accretion history. There are several lines of evidence indicating that M31 experienced a major merger 2 to 3 Gyr ago. Here, we have generated a dynamical model of M31 as a merger remnant that reproduces most of its properties, from the central bar to the outskirts. The model accounts for the past major merger, and reproduces the details of M31's rotation curve, including its 14 kpc bump and the observed increase of velocity beyond 25 kpc. Furthermore, we find non-equilibrium and oscillatory motions in the gas of the merger-remnant outskirts caused by material in a tidal tail returning to the merger remnant. A total dynamical M31 mass of 4.5 $\times 10^{11} M_{\odot}$ within 137 kpc has been obtained after scaling it to the observed HI rotation curve. Within this radial distance, 68% of the total dynamical mass is dark.
description: A&A, 9 pages, 10 Figures, see also a video showing the formation of the M31 gas disk and of its rotation curve at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_W8tdlUbv2k
Flag Hilbert schemes, colored projectors and Khovanov-Rozansky homology
Creators: name: Gorsky, Eugene
name: Neguţ, Andrei
name: Rasmussen, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a categorification of the maximal commutative subalgebra of the type $A$ Hecke algebra. Specifically, we propose a monoidal functor from the (symmetric) monoidal category of coherent sheaves on the flag Hilbert scheme to the (non-symmetric) monoidal category of Soergel bimodules. The adjoint of this functor allows one to match the Hochschild homology of any braid with the Euler characteristic of a sheaf on the flag Hilbert scheme. The categorified Jones-Wenzl projectors studied by Abel, Elias and Hogancamp are idempotents in the category of Soergel bimodules, and they correspond to the renormalized Koszul complexes of the torus fixed points on the flag Hilbert scheme. As a consequence, we conjecture that the endomorphism algebras of the categorified projectors correspond to the dg algebras of functions on affine charts of the flag Hilbert schemes. We define a family of differentials $d_{N}$ on these dg algebras and conjecture that their homology matches that of the $\mathfrak{gl}_N$ projectors, generalizing earlier conjectures of the first and third authors with Oblomkov and Shende.
description: 77 pages
Additional file 3 of Defining and assessing context in healthcare implementation studies: a systematic review
Creators: name: L. Rogers
name: A. De Brún
name: E. McAuliffe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. Summary of included papers.
Coupling of eigenvalues of complex matrices at diabolic and exceptional points
Creators: name: Mailybaev, A. A.
name: Kirillov, O. N.
name: Seyranian, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15A21

description: The paper presents a general theory of coupling of eigenvalues of complex matrices of arbitrary dimension depending on real parameters. The cases of weak and strong coupling are distinguished and their geometric interpretation in two and three-dimensional spaces is given. General asymptotic formulae for eigenvalue surfaces near diabolic and exceptional points are presented demonstrating crossing and avoided crossing scenarios. Two physical examples illustrate effectiveness and accuracy of the presented theory.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Economic Effects of Bovine Respiratory Disease on Feedlot Cattle during Backgrounding and Finishing Phases
Creators: name: Brooks, Kathleen R.
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Holland, Ben P.
name: Krehbiel, Clint
name: Brooks, Kathleen R.
name: Raper, Kellie Curry
name: Ward, Clement E.
name: Holland, Ben P.
name: Krehbiel, Clint
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: bovine respiratory disease
subject: haptoglobin
subject: net returns

description: This research examines the economic effects of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on backgrounding and finishing phases of cattle production. This research measures the effectiveness of using serum haptoglobin (Hp) concentration to predict BRD occurrence and the impact of multiple treatments for BRD infection on cattle performance and returns. During the backgrounding phase, 222 heifers were grouped by Hp level. After the backgrounding phase, 193 heifers were then grouped by number of BRD treatments in the finishing phase. Net returns decreased in the backgrounding phase and the combined phases as the number of BRD treatments increased. Hp concentrations had no significant effects on net returns.
The Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal Food Plans, 2007
Creators: name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Lino, Mark
name: Fungwe, Thomas V.
name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Lino, Mark
name: Fungwe, Thomas V.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: USDA Food Plans
subject: Low-Cost Food Plan
subject: Moderate-Cost Food Plan
subject: Liberal Food Plan
subject: Diet Quality
subject: Cost of Food

description: The Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal Food Plans, three fundamental parts of the U.S. food guidance system, have been revised by USDA’s Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, with assistance from USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service, Economic Research Service, and Agricultural Research Service. The plans provide representative healthful market baskets at three different cost levels. This revision maintains the same inflation-adjusted costs as those of the previous three food plans, last revised in 2003. In line with previous food plans, an assumption used to develop these plans was that all purchased food is consumed at home. The newly revised (2007) Low-Cost, Moderate-Cost, and Liberal Food Plans differ from, and improve upon, the previous versions in a number of ways: • The Plans are based on the most current dietary standards: the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans as well as the 2005 MyPyramid Food Guidance System. • The Plans use the latest data on food consumption, nutrient content, and food prices: the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2001- 2002 Food Price Database. • The Plans offer a more realistic reflection of the time available for home food preparation; hence, each plan incorporates more prepared foods within the recipes and requires fewer preparations from scratch.
Investors' and Analysts' Reactions to Other Information Disclosure on the Auditor's Report
Creators: name: Liu, Weiqing
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2021
Subjects: auditing
auditor's report
MD&A
other information disclosure
audit expectation gap
Canadian Auditing Standards

description: New and revised Canadian Auditing Standards for audits of companies with fiscal periods ending on or after December 15, 2018 came into effect in April 2017. This paper examines the economic effects of one of the updates: the new auditor reporting requirement to disclose the auditor’s responsibilities over other information. We investigate the relationship between the existence of the auditor’s commentary about the MD&A within the other information paragraph on the auditor’s report and the reactions of users of the financial statements, namely investors and analysts, to the MD&A. We find that both investors and analysts do not respond to the auditor’s commentary about the MD&A within the other information paragraph present on the auditor’s report. Our result indicates that although the disclosure may not be providing additional information value to users of the financial statements as the standard setters intended, it is also not creating an increase in the audit expectation gap.
Alignment of Outflows with Magnetic Fields in Cloud Cores
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Tomoaki
name: Nakazato, Takeshi
name: Tomisaka, Kohji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the polarized thermal dust emission from MHD simulations of protostellar collapse and outflow formation in order to investigate alignment of outflows with magnetic fields. The polarization maps indicate that alignment of an outflow with the magnetic field depends on the field strength inside the cloud core; the direction of the outflow, projected on the plane of the sky, is aligned preferentially with the mean polarization vector for a cloud core with a magnetic field strength of 80 microgauss, while it does not tend to be aligned for 50 microgauss as long as the 1000 AU scale is considered. The direction of the magnetic field at the cloud center is probed by the direction of the outflow. In addition, the magnetic field at the cloud center can be revealed by ALMA even when the source is embedded deeply in the envelope. The Chandrasekhar-Fermi formula is examined using the polarization maps, indicating that the field strength predicted by the formula should be corrected by a factor of 0.24 - 0.44. The correction factor has a tendency to be lower for a cloud core with a weaker magnetic field.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted by ApJ Letters
Development of the CNPP Prices Database
Creators: name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Lino, Mark
name: Juan, WenYen
name: Marcoe, Kristin
name: Bente, Lisa
name: Hiza, Hazel A. B.
name: Guenther, Patricia M.
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Carlson, Andrea
name: Lino, Mark
name: Juan, WenYen
name: Marcoe, Kristin
name: Bente, Lisa
name: Hiza, Hazel A. B.
name: Guenther, Patricia M.
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food prices
subject: USDA Food Plans
subject: NHANES
subject: CNPP Prices Database

description: The CNPP Prices Database contains a price for every food reported consumed in the 2001-02 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). This report describes the steps involved in calculating this price on a national level. The prices are reported in dollars per gram in the form the food appears on the table. That is the weight of the inedible purchased portions such as skins and seeds are already accounted for in the price. These prices form the basis of the four USDA Food Plans
description: Data are available at: http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/USDAFoodPlansCostofFood.htm
Forecasting demand for lodging properties at a resort : a comparison of methods
Creators: name: Roth, Dylan
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Demand forecasts are the most important piece of information used to make revenue management decisions for lodging properties. High demand forecasts may lead to increases in room rates and stay restrictions while low demand forecasts may result in price decreases and easing of stay restrictions. A number of demand forecasting methods, both long-term (more than 90 days prior to a target date) and short-term (within 90 days of a target date) were modelled and compared for the lodging properties at a major North American ski resort. Long-term forecasting methods included random walk, multiplicative Holt-Winters, ARlMA (autoregressive integrated moving average), linear regression, and nonlinear regression. Short-term models included the five long-term forecasting methods as well as additive pickup and a regression-based booking curve model. In terms of long-term forecasts, the nonlinear regression method was found to be superior while capacity was trending upward but after a capacity shock (unexpected loss in capacity) the random walk method proved optimal. In terms of short-term forecasts, the regression-based booking curve model was optimal in-sample and data was not tested out of sample. Further, the long-term nonlinear regression model and short-term regression-based booking curve model explicitly defined seasonal periods. These statistically defined seasonal periods should help management set seasonal rate targets as well as better understand typical booking patterns among periods.
On the existence of initial data containing isolated black holes
Creators: name: Dain, Sergio
name: Jaramillo, Jose Luis
name: Krishnan, Badri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general construction of initial data for Einstein's equations containing an arbitrary number of black holes, each of which is instantaneously in equilibrium. Each black hole is taken to be a marginally trapped surface and plays the role of the inner boundary of the Cauchy surface. The black hole is taken to be instantaneously isolated if its outgoing null rays are shear-free. Starting from the choice of a conformal metric and the freely specifiable part of the extrinsic curvature in the bulk, we give a prescription for choosing the shape of the inner boundaries and the boundary conditions that must be imposed there. We show rigorously that with these choices, the resulting non-linear elliptic system always admits solutions.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, RevTeX4
sputniPIC: an Implicit Particle-in-Cell Code for Multi-GPU Systems
Creators: name: Chien, Steven W. D.
name: Nylund, Jonas
name: Bengtsson, Gabriel
name: Peng, Ivy B.
name: Podobas, Artur
name: Markidis, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale simulations of plasmas are essential for advancing our understanding of fusion devices, space, and astrophysical systems. Particle-in-Cell (PIC) codes have demonstrated their success in simulating numerous plasma phenomena on HPC systems. Today, flagship supercomputers feature multiple GPUs per compute node to achieve unprecedented computing power at high power efficiency. PIC codes require new algorithm design and implementation for exploiting such accelerated platforms. In this work, we design and optimize a three-dimensional implicit PIC code, called sputniPIC, to run on a general multi-GPU compute node. We introduce a particle decomposition data layout, in contrast to domain decomposition on CPU-based implementations, to use particle batches for overlapping communication and computation on GPUs. sputniPIC also natively supports different precision representations to achieve speed up on hardware that supports reduced precision. We validate sputniPIC through the well-known GEM challenge and provide performance analysis. We test sputniPIC on three multi-GPU platforms and report a 200-800x performance improvement with respect to the sputniPIC CPU OpenMP version performance. We show that reduced precision could further improve performance by 45% to 80% on the three platforms. Because of these performance improvements, on a single node with multiple GPUs, sputniPIC enables large-scale three-dimensional PIC simulations that were only possible using clusters.
description: Accepted for publication at the 32nd International Symposium on Computer Architecture and High Performance Computing (SBAC-PAD 2020)
Effects of the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol on Trade in GMOs, WTO Implications, and Consequences for China
Creators: name: Xue, Dayuan
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Xue, Dayuan
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: biosafety
subject: Cartagena Protocol
subject: genetically modified organism
subject: trade
subject: China

description: The UN Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety adopted in Montreal, 29 January, 2000 and opened for signature in Nairobi, 15-26 May, 2000 will exert a profound effect on international trade in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and their products. In this paper, the background to the drafting and negotiation of the Protocol is outlined, and potential effects of various articles of the Protocol on international trade in GMOs are analyzed. Based on the present status of imports of GMOs and domestic research and development of biotechnology in China, likely trends in imports of foreign GMOs and related products after China accedes to WTO is explored. Also, China’s strategies and countermeasures to control and regulate imports of GMOs in line with implementation of the Protocol are discussed
The Winnipeg Principles, WTO and Sustainable Development; Proposed Principles for Reconciling Trade and the Environment
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: WTO
subject: Sustainable Development
subject: Winnipeg Principles
subject: China

description: There is a widespread belief that the WTO has made virtually no concessions to environmentalists about their concerns arising from free trade and the process of globalisation. There are concerns that these processes may undermine prospects for sustainable development. Following the United Nations conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, the International Institute for Sustainable Development was established to advocate policies to support sustainable development within Canada and globally. In 1994, it proposed the Winnipeg Principles as a means for reconciling international trade and development so as to achieve sustainable development. These seven principles are outlined in this article and assessed. Although the International Institute for Sustainable Development had hoped through these principles to influence the work program of the Environment and Trade Committee of WTO, it seems to have little effect. Probably if these principles had been seriously considered by WTO, the serious social conflicts which emerged globally at the beginning of this century would have been avoided, and we would be in a better position to understand the complex links between trade, environment and sustainable development and adopt relevant policies.
Spectral fit residuals as an indicator to increase model complexity
Creators: name: Acharya, Anshuman
name: Kashyap, Vinay L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spectral fitting of X-ray data usually involves minimizing statistics like the chi-square and the Cash statistic. Here we discuss their limitations and introduce two measures based on the cumulative sum (CuSum) of model residuals to evaluate whether model complexity could be increased: the percentage of bins exceeding a nominal threshold in a CuSum array (pct$_{CuSum}$), and the excess area under the CuSum compared to the nominal (p$_\textit{area}$). We demonstrate their use with an application to a $\textit{Chandra}$ ACIS spectral fit.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure, published in the Research Notes of the American Astronomical Society (RNAAS)
A Brane model with two asymptotic regions
Creators: name: Lubo, Musongela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some brane models rely on a generalization of the Melvin magnetic universe including a complex scalar field among the sources. We argue that the geometric interpretation of Kip.S.Thorne of this geometry restricts the kind of potential a complex scalar field can display to keep the same asymptotic behavior. While a finite energy is not obtained for a Mexican hat potential in this interpretation, this is the case for a potential displaying a broken phase and an unbroken one. We use for technical simplicity and illustrative purposes an ad hoc potential which however shares some features with those obtained in some supergravity models. We construct a sixth dimensional cylindrically symmetric solution which has two asymptotic regions: the Melvin-like metric on one side and a flat space displaying a conical singularity on the other. The causal structure of the configuration is discussed. Unfortunately, gravity is not localized on the brane.
description: 9 pages revtex, 4 figures,version to appear in PRD
The resurgent structure of quantum knot invariants
Creators: name: Garoufalidis, Stavros
name: Gu, Jie
name: Marino, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The asymptotic expansion of quantum knot invariants in complex Chern-Simons theory gives rise to factorially divergent formal power series. We conjecture that these series are resurgent functions whose Stokes automorphism is given by a pair of matrices of $q$-series with integer coefficients, which are determined explicitly by the fundamental solutions of a pair of linear $q$-difference equations. We further conjecture that for a hyperbolic knot, a distinguished entry of those matrices equals to the Dimofte-Gaiotto-Gukov 3D-index, and thus is given by a counting of BPS states. We illustrate our conjectures explicitly by matching theoretically and numerically computed integers for the cases of the $4_1$ and the $5_2$ knots.
description: minor corrections, 25 pages, 4 figures
Numerical simulation of non-extensive Boltzmann equation
Creators: name: Biro, T. S.
name: Purcsel, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first results of the development of a test particle simulation for solving non-extensive extensions of the elastic two-particle Boltzmann equation. Stationary one-particle energy distributions with power-law tail are obtained.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, Quark Matter 2005 (Budapest) conference
THE STRUCTURE OF THE DESERT ECONOMY: RISKS AND STRATEGIES FOR LONG-TERM SUSTAINABLE GROWTH
Creators: name: Rola-Rubzen, Maria Fay
name: McGregor, Murray J.
name: Rola-Rubzen, Maria Fay
name: McGregor, Murray J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: input-output model
subject: desert economy
subject: multiplier effects

description: The Australian desert economy is a $90 billion dollar economy. However currently, there is a reliance on a few industry sectors in delivering its output. About 60% of the gross revenue of the desert comes from only three sectors - mining, manufacturing and agriculture. This can pose a risk in light of climate change, increasing interconnectedness of financial markets and the fact that the resources boom is unlikely to be an on-going phenomenon. How can desert economies mitigate risks associated with over-reliance on a few select sectors and ensure continued growth in the long run? This paper discusses the structure of the desert economy and strategies to mitigate the risks of overdependence on a few industries. Using a regional input-output model, the study shows which industry sectors are likely to provide the highest multiplier impacts on the economy with implications on strategic investments for sustained growth and development of desert regions in Australia.
Matching for random systems with an application to minimal weight expansions
Creators: name: Dajani, Karma
name: Kalle, Charlene
name: Maggioni, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37E05, 37A45, 37A05, 60G10, 11K55

description: We extend the notion of matching for one-dimensional dynamical systems to random matching for random dynamical systems on an interval. We prove that for a large family of piecewise affine random systems of the interval the property of random matching implies that any invariant density is piecewise constant. We further introduce a one-parameter family of random dynamical systems that produce signed binary expansions of numbers in the interval [-1,1]. This family has random matching for Lebesgue almost every parameter. We use this to prove that the frequency of the digit 0 in the associated signed binary expansions never exceeds 1/2.
Circuit complexity for generalised coherent states in thermal field dynamics
Creators: name: Guo, Minyong
name: Fan, Zhong-Ying
name: Jiang, Jie
name: Liu, Xiangjing
name: Chen, Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study the circuit complexity for generalized coherent states in thermal systems by adopting the covariance matrix approach. We focus on the coherent thermal (CT) state, which is non-Gaussian and has a nonvanishing one-point function. We find that even though the CT state cannot be fully determined by the symmetric two-point function, the circuit complexity can still be computed in the framework of the covariance matrix formalism by properly enlarging the covariance matrix. Now the group generated by the unitary is the semiproduct of translation and the symplectic group. If the reference state is Gaussian, the optimal geodesic is still be generated by a horizontal generator such that the circuit complexity can be read from the generalized covariance matrix associated to the target state by taking the cost function to be $F_2$. For a single harmonic oscillator, we discuss carefully the complexity and its formation in the cases that the reference states are Gaussian and the target space is excited by a single mode or double modes. We show that the study can be extended to the free scalar field theory.
description: 46 pages, 6 figures, references added
Additional file 1 of Defining and assessing context in healthcare implementation studies: a systematic review
Creators: name: L. Rogers
name: A. De Brún
name: E. McAuliffe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Search Strategy.
Behavior Trees in Robotics and AI: An Introduction
Creators: name: Colledanchise, Michele
name: Ögren, Petter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A Behavior Tree (BT) is a way to structure the switching between different tasks in an autonomous agent, such as a robot or a virtual entity in a computer game. BTs are a very efficient way of creating complex systems that are both modular and reactive. These properties are crucial in many applications, which has led to the spread of BT from computer game programming to many branches of AI and Robotics. In this book, we will first give an introduction to BTs, then we describe how BTs relate to, and in many cases generalize, earlier switching structures. These ideas are then used as a foundation for a set of efficient and easy to use design principles. Properties such as safety, robustness, and efficiency are important for an autonomous system, and we describe a set of tools for formally analyzing these using a state space description of BTs. With the new analysis tools, we can formalize the descriptions of how BTs generalize earlier approaches. We also show the use of BTs in automated planning and machine learning. Finally, we describe an extended set of tools to capture the behavior of Stochastic BTs, where the outcomes of actions are described by probabilities. These tools enable the computation of both success probabilities and time to completion.
Chiral phase transition and spin alignment of vector mesons with chiral imbalance in a rotating QCD medium
Creators: name: Hua, Yang
name: Feng, Sheng-Qin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the two-flavor NJL model under the rotation and chiral chemical potential $μ_{5}$. Firstly, the influence of chiral imbalance on the chiral phase transition in the $T_{pc}-ω$ plane is investigated. Research manifests that as $μ_{5}$ increases, the critical point (CEP) of the $T_{pc}-ω$ plane chiral phase transition will move closer to the $T$ axis. This means that the chiral chemical potential $μ_{5}$ can significantly affect the $T_{pc}-ω$ phase diagram and phase transition behavior. While discussing the $T_{pc}-ω$ phase diagram, we also study the spin alignment of the $ρ$ vector meson under rotation. In the study of the spin alignment of the vector meson $ρ$, $ρ_{00}$ is the $00$ element of the spin density matrix of vector mesons. At high temperatures, $ρ_{00}$ is close to $1/3$, it indicates that the spin alignment of the vector meson $ρ$ is isotropic. It is found that increasing the chiral chemical potential $μ_{5}$ significantly enhances $ρ_{00}$, and makes $ρ_{00}$ approaching to $1/3$ around the phase transition temperature. When rotational angular velocity is zero, $ρ_{00}$ is close to $1/3$, but as $ω$ increases, $ρ_{00}$ significantly decreases, and deviates $1/3$, indicating that rotation can significantly cause polarization characteristics. The $ρ_{00}-r$ relationship near the phase transition temperature is studied. It is found that the farther away from the center of rotation, the lower the degree of spin polarization of the system. It is also found that the influence of chiral imbalance on the $ρ_{00}-r$ relationship is also significant.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF LABOR OUT MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES ON INCOME AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE PHILIPPINES, THAILAND AND VIETNAM
Creators: name: Paris, Thelma R.
name: Rola-Rubzen, Maria Fay
name: Luis, Joyce
name: Thi Ngoc Chi, Truong
name: Wongsanum, Chaicharn
name: Villanueva, Donald
name: Paris, Thelma R.
name: Rola-Rubzen, Maria Fay
name: Luis, Joyce
name: Thi Ngoc Chi, Truong
name: Wongsanum, Chaicharn
name: Villanueva, Donald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: migration
subject: remittances
subject: income
subject: rice
subject: farming systems

description: Out migration from rural areas is increasingly becoming a strategy to get out of poverty. While rice–based agriculture remains to be the backbone in Southeast Asia, majority of the farming households particularly those who produce rice under rainfed conditions remain poor and insecure. This paper examines the relationship between migration and other socio-economic factors on household income using data from 1,874 rice sample farming households in Vietnam (north and south), Thailand (northeast) and Philippines (Luzon island). In the Philippines, remittances contribute about 60 per cent of household income of recipient families. In Thailand and Vietnam, these constitute about 40 per cent of total household income. International migration is most prevalent in the Philippines while rural to urban migration is more prevalent in Thailand and Vietnam due to rapid urbanization and industrialization as well as improved transport and communication networks. Migration has a positive and significant relationship on household income. Remittances both from internal and international migration are predominantly used to meet daily expenses including food, farm (inputs and payment of hired laborers) and children’s education. Given the stability and reliability of the flow or remittances, they play a significant role in consumption smoothing for the poor. Remittances partake the nature of insurance for use at times of need and ease credit constraints for investments in agriculture. Those who are left behind, the elderly and the women, manage to maintain rice yields at par with those households without migrants.
Pion-nucleon scattering to order $p^4$ in SU(3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Huang, Bo-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the $T$-matrices of elastic pion-nucleon ($πN$) scattering up to fourth order in SU(3) heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory. The pertinent low-energy constants are determined by fitting to $πN$ phase shifts below 200 MeV pion laboratory momentum in the physical region. The scattering lengths and scattering volumes are extracted from the chiral amplitudes, and turn out to be in good agreement with those of other approaches and the available experimental values. We also discuss the subthreshold parameters and the related issues. On the basis of the various phase shifts, the threshold parameters and the subthreshold parameters, the convergence of the chiral expansion is analyzed in detail. The calculation provides the possibility to consider explicitly more complex processes involving strangeness.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Hybrid Simulation of Cosmic Ray Air Showers
Creators: name: Drescher, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Air shower simulations are essential for interpreting data from cosmic ray experiments. At highest energies though, a microscopic treatment of a whole shower is not possible any more, since it would require a huge amount of CPU-time. We review hybrid approaches of air shower simulation which try to overcome this problem without giving rise to artificial fluctuations as generated by the thinning algorithm.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, invited talk at the XIII International Symposium on Very High Energy Cosmic Ray Interactions (Sept.6-12), Pylos, Greece
The VISCACHA survey -- II. Structure of star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds periphery
Creators: name: Santos, J. F. C.
name: Maia, F. F. S.
name: Dias, B.
name: Kerber, L. de O.
name: Piatti, A. E.
name: Bica, E.
name: Angelo, M. S.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Pérez-Villegas, A.
name: Roman-Lopes, A.
name: Westera, P.
name: Fraga, L.
name: Quint, B.
name: Sanmartim, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a homogeneous set of structural parameters of 83 star clusters located at the periphery of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The clusters' stellar density and surface brightness profiles were built from deep, AO assisted optical images, and uniform analysis techniques. The structural parameters were obtained from King and Elson et al. model fittings. Integrated magnitudes and masses (for a subsample) are also provided. The sample contains mostly low surface brightness clusters with distances between 4.5 and 6.5 kpc and between 1 and 6.5 kpc from the LMC and SMC centres, respectively. We analysed their spatial distribution and structural properties, comparing them with those of inner clusters. Half-light and Jacobi radii were estimated, allowing an evaluation of the Roche volume tidal filling. We found that: (i) for our sample of LMC clusters, the tidal radii are, on average, larger than those of inner clusters from previous studies; (ii) the core radii dispersion tends to be greater for LMC clusters located towards the southwest, with position angles of $\sim$200 degrees and about $\sim$5 degrees from the LMC centre, i.e., those LMC clusters nearer to the SMC; (iii) the core radius evolution for clusters with known age is similar to that of inner clusters; (iv) SMC clusters with galactocentric distances closer than 4 kpc are overfilling; (v) the recent Clouds collision did not leave marks on the LMC clusters' structure that our analysis could reveal.
description: 19 pages, 16 figures, accepted by MNRAS. Full tables and additional plots included
Long-Time Dynamics of Variable Coefficient mKdV Solitary Waves
Creators: name: Dejak, S. I.
name: Jonsson, B. L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35Q53; 35K40

description: We study the Korteweg-de Vries-type equation dt u=-dx(dx^2 u+f(u)-B(t,x)u), where B is a small and bounded, slowly varying function and f is a nonlinearity. Many variable coefficient KdV-type equations can be rescaled into this equation. We study the long time behaviour of solutions with initial conditions close to a stable, B=0 solitary wave. We prove that for long time intervals, such solutions have the form of the solitary wave, whose centre and scale evolve according to a certain dynamical law involving the function B(t,x), plus an H^1-small fluctuation.
description: 19 pages
Microscale crystalline rare-earth doped resonators for strain-coupled optomechanics
Creators: name: Motte, J. F.
name: Galland, N.
name: Debray, J.
name: Ferrier, A.
name: Goldner, P.
name: Lučić, N.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Fang, B.
name: Coq, Y. Le
name: Seidelin, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rare-earth ion doped crystals for hybrid quantum technologies is an area of growing interest in the solid-state physics community. We have earlier theoretically proposed a hybrid scheme of a mechanical resonator which is fabricated out of a rare-earth doped mono-crystalline structure. The rare-earth ion dopants have absorption energies which are sensitive to crystal strain, and it is thus possible to couple the ions to the bending motion of the crystal cantilever. Here, we present the design and fabrication method based on focused-ion-beam etching techniques which we have successfully employed in order to create such microscale resonators, as well as the design of the environment which will allow to study the quantum behavior of the resonators.
Cosmology and Static Spherically Symmetric solutions in D-dimensional Scalar Tensor Theories: Some Novel Features
Creators: name: Bagchi, Arjun
name: Rama, S. Kalyana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider scalar tensor theories in D-dimensional spacetime, D \ge 4. They consist of metric and a non minimally coupled scalar field, with its non minimal coupling characterised by a function. The probes couple minimally to the metric only. We obtain vacuum solutions - both cosmological and static spherically symmetric ones - and study their properties. We find that, as seen by the probes, there is no singularity in the cosmological solutions for a class of functions which obey certain constraints. It turns out that for the same class of functions, there are static spherically symmetric solutions which exhibit novel properties: {\em e.g.} near the ``horizon'', the gravitational force as seen by the probe becomes repulsive.
description: Revtex. 21 pages. Version 2: More references added. Version 3: Issues raised by the referee are addressed. Results unchanged. Title modified; a new subsection and more references added. Verison to appear in Physical Review D
Galaxy Bimodality due to Cold Flows and Shock Heating
Creators: name: Dekel, Avishai
name: Birnboim, Yuval
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the origin of the robust bi-modality observed in galaxy properties about a characteristic stellar mass ~3x10^{10}Msun. Less massive galaxies tend to be ungrouped blue star-forming discs, while more massive galaxies are typically grouped red old-star spheroids. Colour-magnitude data show a gap between the red and blue sequences, extremely red luminous galaxies already at z~1, a truncation of today's blue sequence above L_*, and massive starbursts at z~2-4. We propose that these features are driven by the thermal properties of the inflowing gas and their interplay with the clustering and feedback processes, all functions of the dark-matter halo mass and associated with a similar characteristic scale. In haloes below a critical shock-heating mass M_shock~10^{12}Msun, discs are built by cold streams, not heated by a virial shock, yielding efficient early star formation. It is regulated by supernova feedback into a long sequence of bursts in blue galaxies constrained to a "fundamental line". Cold streams penetrating through hot media in M>M_shock haloes preferentially at z>2 lead to massive starbursts in L>L_* galaxies. At z<2, in M>M_shock haloes hosting groups, the gas is heated by a virial shock, and being dilute it becomes vulnerable to feedback from energetic sources such as AGNs. This shuts off gas supply and prevents further star formation, leading by passive evolution to "red-and-dead" massive spheroids starting at z~1. A minimum in feedback efficiency near M_shock explains the observed minimum in M/L and the qualitative features of the star-formation history. The cold flows provide a hint for solving the angular-momentum problem. When these processes are incorporated in simulations they recover the main bi-modality features and solve other open puzzles.
description: MNRAS in press, 21 pages, 11 figures
Domestic Grain Market Reform In China: The Contribution of Economic Policy Research Funded by ACIAR Revisited
Creators: name: Mullen, John D.
name: Mullen, John D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: impact assessment
subject: China grain market reform
subject: welfare analysis

description: Mullen (2004,2005) conducted an impact assessment of two ACIAR funded economics research projects enquiring into domestic grain market reform in China. The benefit cost ratio to ACIAR was estimated to be in the range 5:1 to 33:1. The impact assessment was conducted when grain policy was viewed as being in a period of retrenchment rather than reform and hence the assessment was ex ante in nature. Since then the methodology for estimating nominal rates of assistance in China has been modified and the late 90s is now seen as a period when reform continued despite the professed policy stance. It seems opportune to revisit Mullen’s original impact assessment to assess the extent of welfare gains actually achieved.
Superconducting subphase and substantial Knight shift in $Sr_2RuO_4$
Creators: name: Gupta, R.
name: Saunderson, T.
name: Shallcross, S.
name: Gradhand, M.
name: Quintanilla, J.
name: Annett, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent nuclear magnetic resonance experiments measuring the Knight shift in $Sr_2RuO_4$ have challenged the widely accepted picture of chiral pairing in this superconductor. Here we study the implications of helical pairing on the superconducting state while comparing our results with the available experimental data on the upper critical field and Knight shift. We solve the Bogoliubov-de-Gennes equation employing a realistic three-dimensional tight-binding model that captures the experimental Fermi surface very well. In agreement with experiments we find a Pauli limiting to the upper critical field and, at low temperatures and high fields, a second superconducting transition. These transitions which form a superconducting subphase in the H-T phase diagram are first-order in nature and merge into a single second-order transition at a bicritical point $(T^\ast,H^\ast$), for which we find (0.8~K, 2.4~T) with experiment reporting (0.8~K, $\sim$ 1.2~T) [\textit{Phys. Rev. B} \textbf{93}, 184513 (2016)]. Furthermore, we find a substantial drop in the Knight shift in agreement with recent experiments.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
The Costs and Benefits of Effluent Management Compliance in the Waikato Region of New Zealand
Creators: name: Gauntlett, William
name: Gauntlett, William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Dairy farming
subject: environment
subject: effluent
subject: compliance
subject: cost
subject: benefit.

description: Dairy farming in the Waikato Region has contributed greatly to the reduction of water quality. Part of this is attributable to the issue of inappropriate disposal of dairy effluent. Regional authority data shows both costs and benefits of complying with effluent management regulations. Private costs result from system and management improvements, while private benefits are largely due to reduced fertiliser requirements. Decreases in the volume of 'non-compliant effluent', resulting from improved compliance, are used as an indicator to illustrate reduced environmental effects. The benefits of becoming compliant outweigh the costs for half the farms analysed. More incentives are required to promote compliance from the other farms although their environmental effects are generally smaller.