cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Mortgage Credit Ratings and the Financial Crisis: The Need for a State-Run Mortgage Security Credit Rating Agency
Creators: name: Gudzowski, Milosz
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2010

description: With the exception of the investment banks, there probably has been no other financial actor with as great a hand in causing the current financial crisis as the major credit rating agencies (CRAs). CRAs gave residential mortgage backed securities (RMBSs) and RMBS-collateralized debt obligations (R-CDOs) inflated credit ratings, enabling financial institutions and other investors to buy trillions of dollars worth of these securities. Eventually, it became apparent that these securities were overvalued, which—because of mark-to-market accounting rules—forced huge write-downs for those who owned them. Consequently, the balance sheets of many financial institutions were decimated, some became insolvent, and the whole financial system was pushed to the brink of collapse. Today the private mortgage securitization market is virtually non-existent, and only mortgage securities guaranteed by the Government Sponsored Enterprises (GSEs), Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and Ginnie Mae, are bought by investors. Responsibility for the frozen private mortgage securitization market has been widely assigned to the CRAs. Because mortgage securitization is so important to reviving the economy, the federal government, through its acquisition and subsidization of the GSEs, has become an underwriter and purchaser of RMBSs and R-CDOs. It is not a desirable solution, however, for the government to act as a long-term mortgage security investor. This Note’s proposal hopes to revive private mortgage securitization with significantly less expansive government intervention. To restart the non-GSE RMBS and R-CDO market and to ensure its continued functioning, this Note argues that a federal government entity (“the Agency”) needs to take the place of the CRAs in rating RMBSs and R-CDOs. Inaccurate RMBS and R-CDO ratings are caused in large part by the “issuer pays” system of financing, whereby issuers of securities pay the CRAs for credit ratings, thus creating an obvious conflict of interests. However, some academics and the CRAs claim that the CRAs’ incentive to maintain a strong reputation (“reputational capital”) outweighs their desire in any individual case to profit from inflated ratings. The current financial crisis, however, disproves this claim and instead indicates that the conflict of interests inherent in issuer financing have overcome the reputational capital constraint and resulted in inflated RMBS and R-CDO ratings. Since the issuer pays model is unlikely to change, the CRAs will continue to be incentivized to inflate RMBS and R-CDO ratings, and investors and regulators will probably distrust CRA ratings of R-CDOs and RMBSs for the foreseeable future. On the other hand, this Note will show that a government entity can effectively rate R-CDOs and RMBSs.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 1
Classification of Abelian and Non-Abelian Multilayer Fractional Quantum Hall States Through the Pattern of Zeros
Creators: name: Barkeshli, Maissam
name: Wen, Xiao-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large class of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states can be classified according to their pattern of zeros, which describes the way ideal ground state wave functions go to zero as various clusters of electrons are brought together. In this paper we generalize this approach to classify multilayer FQH states. Such a classification leads to the construction of a class of non-Abelian multilayer FQH states that are closely related to $\hat{g}_k$ parafermion conformal field theories, where $\hat{g}_k$ is an affine simple Lie algebra. We discuss the possibility of some of the simplest of these non-Abelian states occuring in experiments on bilayer FQH systems at $ν= 2/3$, 4/5, 4/7, etc.
description: 20 pages
(2018). Youth employment in the cassava and trice value chains in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Proceedings of the 5th National conference of sustainable livelihoods and development network for Africa (SLIDEN AFRICA). Held at the Elkan Terrace, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, 9th to 12th,2018. Edited by Osuntade, O. B., Adetoye, A. M. and Adebayo, K. Pp 118- 122
Creators: name: J. O., Elega
name: S. M., Jacob
name: Segun, Samuel
name: Ibrahim, M. O.
name: J. G., Tuedogheye
name: A. U., Yusuf
name: A. D., Adamu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70106 Farm Management, Rural Management and Agribusiness
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: High rate of unemployment in the Niger Delta Region has manifested in numerous social vices, continue to limit development within the region The aim of this study was to examine the margins and returns from cassava and rice agri-business value chain within the Niger- Delta region with a view to identify priority enterprises which can provide enough incentive for the youths and move them away from such vices towards gainful employment. A Multi stage sampling design, complemented with stratification was employed to select 4 States (Abia, Cross River, Edo and Rivers) out of the 9 Niger Delta States, based on regional stratification and performance criteria under the recently-closed IF AD supported Community-based Natural Resource Management Programme to have a total of 200 respondents. Descriptive statistics and profitability analyses were used to analyse the data collected in line with the objectives. On the basis of the margin and returns on investment analyses, the study concluded that enterprise nodes within the two enterprises provided enough returns on investment to justify the need for value chain development in the region. The study therefore recommended that the enterprises were profitable enough to attract the necessary investment opportunity for development in the agricultural sector. •
End-to-end entanglement in Bose-Hubbard chains
Creators: name: Reslen, Jose
name: Bose, Sougato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ground state as well as the dynamics of chains of bosons with local repulsive interactions and nearest-neighbour exchange using numerical techniques based on density matrix decimation. We explore the development of entanglement between the terminal sites of such chains as mechanisms are invoked to concentrate population in these sites. We find that long-range entanglement in the ground state emerges as a result of hopping taking place at the whole chain length in systems with appropriate hopping coefficients. Additionally, we find appropriate perturbations to increase the entanglement between the end sites above their ground state values.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Missing in Activism: Retail Investor Absence in Corporate Elections
Creators: name: Harris, Lee
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2010

description: Shareholder-led campaigns to install new leadership at U.S. firms-so-called proxy contests-occur too rarely and, when they do occur, are led by the same, boring cast of characters too often. This Article presents empirical evidence from a hand-collected database of public filings of proxy statements from 2006 to 2008-the years public filings are available from the SEC electronic filing system. In short, the data suggest that the system of contested corporate elections is broken and, from there, the Article points the way toward legal reform. When it comes to the interests of retail investors—i.e., individuals with small stakes in a particular firm-the evidence suggests that contested corporate elections are virtually off-limits as a conduit for activism. Retail investors almost never launch a campaign and their interests are not represented well by those who do.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 1
Grief and other unchosen transformative experiences
Creators: name: Markovic, Jelena
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: My dissertation addresses alterations to identity and agency created by unchosen transformative experiences. These are experiences such as grief, illness, accident, and war that alter one’s perspective, values, and habitual expectations, and that arise due to events one did not choose. I focus on the experience of grief, theorizing grief as an unchosen transformative experience that alters the griever’s phenomenology and calls on them to reorganize their identity as an agent. My dissertation consists of three central chapters. In Chapter 2, I give a phenomenological account of unchosen transformative experiences, focusing on the problem for one’s agency that these experiences pose. In an unchosen experience, the agent’s habitual structures of thought and action become unworkable, leaving them with the question of how to reconstitute themselves as an agent. I argue that one reconstitutes oneself as an agent through a process of sense-making, in which one acts in new circumstances to redetermine their practical significance. In Chapter 3, I give a framework for situating grief amongst other unchosen transformative experiences, arguing that grief is transformative (i) cognitively, by altering the griever’s expectations, beliefs, desires, etc., (ii) phenomenologically, by altering their experience in a diffuse or global way, (iii) normatively, by altering their practical identity, (iv) and existentially, by confronting them with an existential condition of their life. In Chapter 4, I examine the problem of resilient grief. The cessation of grief presents us with a problem insofar as our reasons for grief are stable but our emotional response quickly diminishes. Formulated in terms of fittingness, the problem is about whether grief fittingly diminishes or whether it remains forever fitting to grieve. I explain the fitting diminishment of grief through a change in the griever’s patterns of attention as the griever’s projects change. I also address whether it is regrettable that we change so as to accommodate the loss, focusing on the argument that the diminishment of grief prevents us from fully grasping the significance of the loss. I argue that the diminishment of grief provides an accurate perspective on the loss, but that it is nonetheless regrettable.
Reforming State Consumer Protection Liability: An Economic Approach
Creators: name: Butler, Henry N.
name: Johnston, Jason J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2010

description: State Consumer Protection Acts (CPAs) were adopted in the 1960s and 1970s to protect consumers from unfair and deceptive practices that would not be redressed but for the existence of the acts. In this sense, CPAs were designed to fill existing gaps in market, legal, and regulatory protections of consumers. CPAs were designed to solve two simple economic problems: (1) individual consumers often do not have the incentives or means to pursue individual claims against mass marketers who engage in unfair and deceptive practices; and (2) because of the difficulty of establishing elements of either common law fraud or breach of promise, those actions alone are too weak an instrument to deter seller fraud and deception. The most striking lesson of our analysis is that the typical state CPA—with relaxed rules for establishing liability, statutory damages, damage multipliers, attorneys’ fees and costs, and class actions—solves the basic economic problem that CPAs were intended to address several times over. The effect of this redundancy is that CPAs can deter the provision of valuable information to consumers and, thus, harm consumers. That is, as currently applied, state CPAs harm consumers. This need not be the case. A few modest reforms would dramatically improve the impact of CPAs on consumer welfare.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2010 No. 1
Enhancing molecular conversion efficiency by a magnetic field pulse sequence
Creators: name: Xu, Xiao-Qiang
name: Lu, Li-Hua
name: Li, You-Quan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a strategy to enhance the atom-to-molecule conversion efficiency near a Feshbach resonance. Based on the mean-field approximation, we derive the fixed point solutions of the classical Hamiltonian. Rabi oscillation between the atomic and molecular states around fixed point solutions and its oscillation period are discussed. By designing a sequence of magnetic field pulses in analogy with Ramsey experiments, we show that a much higher atom-to-molecule conversion efficiency can be accessed by tuning the pulse durations appropriately.
description: Revtex, 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in PRA
Introduction to Item Response Theory (IRT)
Creators: name: Brown, Gavin T. L.
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2023
Subjects: Testing, assessment and psychometrics
Educational psychology

description: This brief note gives a primer on Item Response Theory score analysis which is a form of logistic regression. It relates to 2 published papers: Brown, G. T. L., & Abdulnabi, H. (2017). Evaluating the quality of higher education instructor-constructed multiple-choice tests: Impact on student grades. Frontiers in Education, 2(24). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2017.00024
 Brown, G. T. L., Denny, P., San Jose, D. L., & Li, E. (2021). Setting standards with multiple-choice tests: A preliminary intended-user evaluation of SmartStandardSet. Frontiers in Education, 6(735088). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.735088
Eliminating Securities Fraud Class Actions Under the Radar
Creators: name: Black, Barbara
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2009

description: At least since Basic, Inc. v. Levinson, the business community and many influential scholars have challenged the existence of the securities fraud class action on a variety of grounds. Recently, two proposals have been advanced to “fix” the problem of “abusive” securities fraud class actions. One proposal requires arbitration of all securities fraud actions; the other eliminates the corporate defendant in most actions. Proponents assert that shareholders should have the right to adopt these proposals through amendment of the company’s certificate of incorporation. Both these proposals have attracted more than academic interest. In reality, adoption of either proposal would substantially curtail, if not eliminate, the securities fraud class action. Part II of this paper first reviews the two rationales – compensation and deterrence–for the federal securities class action, sets forth the critics’ principal arguments as to why these goals are not achieved, and argues that the post-PSLRA securities fraud class action is reasonably effective in achieving both compensatory and deterrence goals. Part III then describes the two proposals. Part IV explains why these proposals are impermissible under the anti-waiver clause, Section 29(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Part V explains why these proposals are also, under state law, illegal, unfair to shareholders that do not vote in favor of them, and unenforceable as to future stock purchasers. Part VI concludes by calling for a national debate on the future of the securities fraud class action. The arguments for and *803 against the securities fraud class action involve complexities and uncertainties that make “quick and dirty” solutions like these two proposals inappropriate.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2009 No. 3
High-Energy gamma-ray Astronomy and String Theory
Creators: name: Mavromatos, Nick E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been observations, first from the MAGIC Telescope (July 2005) and quite recently (September 2008) from the FERMI Satellite Telescope, on non-simultaneous arrival of high-energy photons from distant celestial sources. In each case, the highest energy photons were delayed, as compared to their lower-energy counterparts. Although the astrophysics at the source of these energetic photons is still not understood, and such non simultaneous arrival might be due to non simultaneous emission as a result of conventional physics effects, nevertheless, rather surprisingly, the observed time delays can also fit excellently some scenarios in quantum gravity, predicting Lorentz violating space-time "foam" backgrounds with a non-trivial subluminal vacuum refractive index suppressed linearly by a quantum gravity scale of the order of the reduced Planck mass. In this pedagogical talk, I discuss the MAGIC and FERMI findings in this context and I argue on a theoretical model of space-time foam in string/brane theory that can accommodate the findings of those experiments in agreement with all other stringent tests of Lorentz invariance. However, I stress the current ambiguities/uncertainties on the source mechanisms, which need to be resolved first before definite conclusions are reached regarding quantum gravity foam scenarios.
description: 34 pages latex, 12 eps figures incorporated, uses special macros. Based on invited plenary talk at DICE 2008 Conference (Castiglioncello, Italy), September 22-26 2008
Position-sensitive ion detection in precision Penning trap mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Eitel, G.
name: Block, M.
name: Czasch, A.
name: Dworschak, M.
name: George, S.
name: Jagutzki, O.
name: Ketelaer, J.
name: Ketter, J.
name: Nagy, Sz.
name: Rodriguez, D.
name: Smorra, C.
name: Blaum, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A commercial, position-sensitive ion detector was used for the first time for the time-of-flight ion-cyclotron resonance detection technique in Penning trap mass spectrometry. In this work, the characteristics of the detector and its implementation in a Penning trap mass spectrometer will be presented. In addition, simulations and experimental studies concerning the observation of ions ejected from a Penning trap are described. This will allow for a precise monitoring of the state of ion motion in the trap.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures
Periódicos de acesso aberto no campo da cancerologia brasileira
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Kátia de Oliveira
name: Machado, Raymundo N.
name: Ferreira, Valdinéia B.
name: Rosa, Flávia Goulart
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha III da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.
MPEC 2023-X256 : OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: OBSERVATIONS AND ORBITS OF COMETS AND A/ OBJECTS

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Empagran Exception: Between Illinois Brick and a Hard Place
Creators: name: Goldberg, Victor P.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2009

description: Before it was uncovered and prosecuted, the international vitamin cartel, known as “Vitamins, Inc.” by its perpetrators, was extraordinarily successful. Estimates of cartel profits run as high as $18 billion (in 2003 dollars). In addition to substantial criminal sanctions, cartel members paid over $2 billion to American plaintiffs. When foreign plaintiffs tried to sue the foreign defendants in American courts, however, they encountered resistance. A trial court read the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act (“FTAIA”) to restrict the reach of the Sherman Act and preclude foreign purchasers from suing the foreign defendants. The D.C. Circuit reversed, holding that the facts brought the case within FTAIA’s exceptions. [FN6] There already being a circuit split, the Supreme Court granted certiorari. In its unanimous decision, the Court ruled that the FTAIA exception did not apply where a claim rested solely on foreign harm that was independent of any adverse domestic effect. The FTAIA excludes most anti-competitive foreign trade and commercial activity from the Sherman Act’s reach. However, the Act carves out an exception to this general rule, though the parameters of the exception are less than clear. In this article, I identify one narrow class of cases that would satisfy the statutory exception. I must emphasize the modest scope of this inquiry. I am not suggesting that this is a socially optimal policy, or, indeed, even a wise one. Instead of focusing on the interrelatedness of the foreign and domestic prices, the inquiry centers on the resale of goods to the domestic market. The argument, hinted at by Justice Scalia at oral argument, is a variant on Illinois Brick Co. v. Illinois, the Supreme Court’s landmark ruling rejecting a passing-on theory of injury suffered by indirect purchasers. Before developing this argument in Section III, I first briefly detail the Empagran decisions.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2009 No. 3
On the lower bound on the exchange-correlation energy in two dimensions
Creators: name: Rasanen, E.
name: Pittalis, S.
name: Proetto, C. R.
name: Capelle, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of the lower bound on the exchange-correlation energy in two dimensions. First we review the derivation of the bound and show how it can be written in a simple density-functional form. This form allows an explicit determination of the prefactor of the bound and testing its tightness. Next we focus on finite two-dimensional systems and examine how their distance from the bound depends on the system geometry. The results for the high-density limit suggest that a finite system that comes as close as possible to the ultimate bound on the exchange-correlation energy has circular geometry and a weak confining potential with a negative curvature.
UPSIDES : Erfahrungen in Deutschland aus der Sicht von Peer-Begleiter*innen und -Trainer*innen
Creators: name: Haun, Maria
name: Bilmayer, Stefan
name: Heuer, Imke Wiebke
name: Mahlke, Candelaria I.
name: Puschner, Bernd
name: Wagner, Maria
name: Nixdorf, Rebecca
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Peer Begleitung
subject: Peer Begleiter*in
subject: Recovery
subject: DDC 150 / Psychology
subject: Mental health services
subject: Peer group
subject: Krisenintervention
subject: Peer-Group

description: UPSIDES (»Using Peer Support In Developing Empowering Mental Health Services«) ist ein internationaler Zusammenschluss von acht Studienzentren mit dem Ziel, Peer-Begleitung weltweit zu stärken. In diesem Artikel berichten UPSIDES Mitarbeiter*innen ihre Erfahrungen mit der Peer-Begleitung an den deutschen Standorten Ulm/Günzburg und Hamburg. Das Besondere an UPSIDES ist die Niedrigschwelligkeit des Trainingsangebots sowie die kontinuierliche Unterstützung der Peer-Begleiter*innen in ihrer Arbeit durch Supervision und Intervision. Die enge Zusammenarbeit von Menschen mit verschiedenen Erfahrungshintergründen auf Augenhöhe ist für eine langfristige Implementierung von UPSIDES zentral.
description: publishedVersion
Neutron star cooling - a challenge to the nuclear mean field
Creators: name: Than, Hoang Sy
name: Khoa, Dao T.
name: Van Giai, Nguyen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two recent density-dependent versions of the finite-range M3Y interaction (CDM3Y$n$ and M3Y-P$n$) have been probed against the bulk properties of asymmetric nuclear matter (NM) in the nonrelativistic Hartree Fock (HF) formalism. The same HF study has also been done with the famous Skyrme (SLy4) and Gogny (D1S and D1N) interactions which were well tested in the nuclear structure calculations. Our HF results are compared with those given by other many-body calculations like the Dirac-Brueckner Hartree-Fock approach or ab-initio variational calculation using free nucleon-nucleon interaction, and by both the nonrelativistic and relativistic mean-field studies using different model parameters. Although the two considered density-dependent versions of the M3Y interaction were proven to be quite realistic in the nuclear structure or reaction studies, they give two distinct behaviors of the NM symmetry energy at high densities, like the Asy-soft and Asy-stiff scenarios found earlier with other mean-field interactions. As a consequence, we obtain two different behaviors of the proton fraction in the $β$-equilibrium which in turn can imply two drastically different mechanisms for the neutron star cooling. While some preference of the Asy-stiff scenario was found based on predictions of the latest microscopic many-body calculations or empirical NM pressure and isospin diffusion data deduced from heavy-ion collisions, a consistent mean-field description of nuclear structure database is more often given by some Asy-soft type interaction like the Gogny or M3Y-P$n$ ones. Such a dilemma poses an interesting challenge to the modern mean-field approaches.
description: Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C
Introducing a Hybrid Method of Radiative Transfer for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Forgan, Duncan
name: Rice, Ken
name: Stamatellos, Dimitris
name: Whitworth, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new means of incorporating radiative transfer into smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is introduced, which builds on the success of two previous methods - the polytropic cooling approximation as devised by Stamatellos et al (2007), and flux limited diffusion (e.g. Mayer et al 2007). This hybrid method preserves the strengths of its individual components, while removing the need for atmosphere matching or other boundary conditions to marry optically thick and optically thin regions. The code uses a non-trivial equation of state to calculate temperatures and opacities of SPH particles, which captures the effects of molecular hydrogen dissociation, atomic hydrogen ionisation, He0 and He+ ionisation, ice evaporation, dust sublimation, molecular absorption, bound-free and free-free transitions and electron scattering. The method is tested in several scenarios, including: (1) the evolution of a 0.07 solar mass protoplanetary disc surrounding a 0.5 solar mass star; (2) the collapse of a 1 solar mass protostellar cloud, and (3) the thermal relaxation of temperature fluctuations in a static homogeneous sphere.
description: 11 pages, 22 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Non-thermal Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid eventually emerging from hot electrons in the quantum Hall regime
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kotaro
name: Hata, Tokuro
name: Sato, Yuya
name: Akiho, Takafumi
name: Muraki, Koji
name: Fujisawa, Toshimasa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamics of integrable systems, such as Tomonaga-Luttinger (TL) liquids, is deterministic, and the absence of stochastic thermalization processes provides unique characteristics, such as long-lived non-thermal metastable states with many conserved quantities. Here, we show such non-thermal states can emerge even when the TL liquid is excited with extremely high-energy hot electrons in chiral quantum-Hall edge channels. This demonstrates the robustness of the integrable model against the excitation energy. Crossover from the single-particle hot electrons to the many-body TL liquid is investigated by using on-chip detectors with a quantum point contact and a quantum dot. The charge dynamics can be understood with a single-particle picture only for hot electrons. The resulting electron-hole plasma in the TL liquid shows a non-thermal metastable state, in which warm and cold electrons coexist without further thermalization. The multi-temperature constituents are attractive for transporting information with conserved quantities along the channels.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures
Synthesis and thermoelectric characterization of Bi2Te3 nanoparticles
Creators: name: Scheele, Marcus
name: Oeschler, Niels
name: Meier, Katrin
name: Kornowski, Andreas
name: Klinke, Christian
name: Weller, Horst
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a novel synthesis for near monodisperse, sub-10-nm Bi2Te3 nanoparticles. At first, a new reduction route to bismuth nanoparticles is described which are applied as starting materials in the formation of rhombohedral Bi2Te3 nanoparticles. After ligand removal by a novel hydrazine hydrate etching procedure, the nanoparticle powder is spark plasma sintered to a pellet with preserved crystal grain sizes. Unlike previous works on the properties of Bi2Te3 nanoparticles, the full thermoelectric characterization of such sintered pellets shows a highly reduced thermal conductivity and the same electric conductivity as bulk n-type Bi2Te3.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Umfrage zum Umgang mit Forschungsdaten
Creators: name: Macher, Therese
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Forschungsdaten
Umfrage zum Umgang mit Forschungsdaten

description: Die Umfrage wurde erstellt um den Status Quo im praktischen Umgang mit Forschungsdaten an der Medizinischen Universität Graz zu erheben und um die Bedürfnisse der Forschenden besser kennenzulernen um daraus Anforderungen an zukünftige Forschungsdaten-Infrastruktur und -Serviceangebote ableiten zu können.
High-power supercontinuum generation in dielectric-coated metallic hollow waveguides
Creators: name: Husakou, A.
name: Herrmann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this Letter we theoretically study a novel approach for soliton-induced supercontinuum generation based on the application of metallic dielectric-coated hollow waveguides. Low loss of such waveguides permits the use of smaller diameters with enhanced dispersion control and enables the generation of two-octave-broad spectra with unprecedentedly high spectral peak power densities up to five orders of magnitude larger than in standard PCFs with high coherence. We also predict that high-power supercontinua in the vacuum ultraviolet can be generated in such waveguides.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Decoding China’s pink economy : emergence, gendered distinctions, and mainstream companies’ pursuit of pink money
Creators: name: Liu, Xingshu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation examines how the economic institutions of the pink economy have emerged in China since the early 2010s, how gendered sociality has influenced the way the lesbian and gay male consumer markets are organized, and how Chinese mainstream companies have marketed to lesbians and gay men by mobilizing repertoires of subcultural codes, sociocultural norms, and cultural trends in contemporary China. This dissertation draws on interviews, ethnographic data, media data, and social semiotic analysis of gay advertisements to address these different yet inextricably linked questions. This study contributes to the existing literature on the sociology of markets that demonstrates how the state, gender, and sociocultural norms shape market economies. It also fills a crucial gap in the sociological study of markets: understanding how sexual identity shapes market development and organizations. My research findings can be summarized as follows. First, unmet consumer demand forms the basis of the pink economy sector, and the state set the scene for the nascent pink sector to emerge: government policies triggered a surge in funding resources and technology infrastructure upgrades that laid the material foundations for pink entrepreneurship. Pink companies have strategically leveraged government policies to negotiate their legitimacy with the authorities. Second, this study indicates that certain types of commerce existing in the gay male consumer market do not dovetail with lesbians’ preferred ways of socializing characterized by security and privacy. Opportunities for the lesbian and gay male markets exist in different types of trade and business. Third, Chinese mainstream companies have capitalized on public ignorance of LGBTQ culture by employing gay subcultural codes in their marketing practices. In patrilineal China, gay marketing is influenced by different cultural perceptions of same-sex intimacy between men and women, resulting in distinct portrayals of gay men and lesbians. Some advertisements featuring gay men and lesbians have enjoyed popularity on the coattails of the thriving danmei culture and the China-Chic economy. Gay marketing is embedded in the social realities of contemporary China: the dynamics among state power, sociocultural norms, cultural trends, and multiple subcultural groups that mainstream marketing has attempted to pull in.
Negative Effects of Gamification in Education Software: Systematic Mapping and Practitioner Perceptions
Creators: name: Almeida, Clauvin
name: Kalinowski, Marcos
name: Uchoa, Anderson
name: Feijo, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Context: While most research shows positive effects of gamification, the focus on its adverse effects is considerably smaller and further understanding is needed. Objective: To provide a comprehensive overview on research reporting negative effects of game design elements and to provide insights into the awareness of developers on these effects and into how they could be considered in practice. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study of the negative effects of game design elements on education/learning systems. We also held a focus group discussion with developers of a gamified software, discussing the mapping study results with regard to their awareness and perceptions on the reported negative effects in practice. Results: The mapping study revealed 87 papers reporting undesired effects of game design elements. We found that badges, leaderboards, competitions, and points are the game design elements most often reported as causing negative effects. The most cited negative effects were lack of effect, worsened performance, motivational issues, lack of understanding, and irrelevance. The ethical issues of gaming the system and cheating were also often reported. As part of our results, we map the relations between game design elements and the negative effects that they may cause. The focus group revealed that developers were not aware of many of the possible negative effects and that they consider this type of information useful. The discussion revealed their agreement on some of those potential negative effects and also some positive counterparts. Conclusions: Gamification, when properly applied, can have positive effects on education/learning software. However, gamified software is also prone to generate harmful effects. Revealing and discussing potentially negative effects can help to make more informed decisions considering their trade-off with respect to the expected benefits.
Functional renormalization and ultracold quantum gases
Creators: name: Floerchinger, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of functional renormalization is applied to the theoretical investigation of ultracold quantum gases. Flow equations are derived for a Bose gas with approximately pointlike interaction, for a Fermi gas with two (hyperfine) spin components in the Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) crossover and for a Fermi gas with three components. The solution of the flow equations determine the properties of these systems both in the few-body regime and in thermal equilibrium. For the Bose gas this covers the quantum phase diagram, the condensate and superfluid fraction, the critical temperature, the correlation length, the specific heat or sound propagation. The properties are discussed both for three and two spatial dimensions. The discussion of the Fermi gas in the BCS-BEC crossover concentrates on the effect of particle-hole fluctuations but addresses the complete phase diagram. For the three component fermions, the flow equations in the few-body regime show a limit-cycle scaling and the Efimov tower of three-body bound states. Applied to the case of Lithium they explain recently observed three-body loss features. Extending the calculations by continuity to nonzero density, it is found that a new trion phase separates a BCS and a BEC phase for three component fermions close to a common resonance. More formal is the derivation of a new exact flow equation for scale dependent composite operators. This equation allows for example a better treatment of bound states.
description: doctoral thesis, 187 pages, 60 figures
title: Wissenschaftliche Informationsversorgung am Fachbereich für Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin
title: Öffentlicher Bericht 2019
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hagel, Michael Dominik
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Nutzerforschung
subject: Bibliothekswissenschaft
subject: Informationspraxis
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften::020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Der Bericht enthält die Ergebnisse der seitens der Philologischen Bibliothek im Herbst 2018 durchgeführten Befragung des wissenschaftlichen Personals am Fachbereich Philosophie und Geisteswissenschaften der Freien Universität Berlin. Inhalt: I. Quantitative Auswertung: 1. Beteiligung und Bearbeitungszeit 2. Bibliotheksbesuche 3. Tätigkeiten in der Bibliothek 4. Rechercheinstrumente 5. Thematische Suche 6. PRIMO 7. Literaturverwaltung 8. Informationsversorger 9. Medienpräferenz: elektronisch vs. gedruckt 10. Handhabung elektronischer Medien 11. Digital Humanities 12. Open Access II. Kommentare aus der Befragung: 13. Thematische Suche 14. PRIMO 15. Medienpräferenz 16. Handhabung E-Medien 17. Digital Humanities 18. Open Access 19. Schluss III. Dokumentation: 20. Fragebogen 21. Einladungsnachricht 22. Erinnerungsnachricht
title: Инновационное проектирование гуманитарных технологий: рефлексивно-позиционный подход к развитию личности и способностей учащихся. Медиагерменевтика
title: Учебно-методическое пособие
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ковалева Н.Б.
name:  Ковалев Ф.А.
Publisher: name: Московский педагогический государственный университет
Year: 2018

description: В пособии представлен анализ состояния и перспектив развития принципиальных направлений инновационного проектирования образовательных гуманитарных технологий в аспекте психолого-педагогического обеспечения реализации требований ФГОС общего образования. Раскрыты ключевые положения рефлексивно-позиционного подхода к развитию личности и способностей учащихся в сложной гипертекстовой, информационно насыщенной среде современного мира. Заданы основные характеристики и инструментарий сюжетно-деятельностной игры и медиагерменевтики как инновационных психолого-антропологических технологий проектирования социокультурной среды, способствующей развитию ценностных ориентаций, мировоззрения, позиционности, культуры коммуникации, понимания, рефлексии и сотворчества учащихся. Книга включает кейсы, упражнения, разминки, авторские методики, задания и практические рекомендации по применению данных технологий в различных образовательных форматах. Учебно-методическое пособие адресовано студентам, аспирантам, преподавателям, практическим психологам, воспитателям и всем педагогам, интересующимся данной проблематикой.
description: This manual presents the analysis of the status and prospects of development of the fundamental directions of innovative designing educational humanitarian technologies in the aspect of psycho-pedagogical support of implementation of requirements of the FSES of General education. Disclosed key provisions of the reflective-positional approach to the development of the personality and abilities of students in a complex hypertext, information rich environment of the modern world. Set the main features and tools of narrative simulation exercise and mediagenerated as an innovative psycho-anthropological design technologies of socio-cultural environment conducive to the development of value orientations, attitudes, point mode, culture, communication, understanding, reflection and co-creation of students. The book includes case studies, exercises, warm-up, unique methods, assignments, and practical recommendations for the application of these technologies in various educational formats. Textbook addressed to students, postgraduate students, teachers, practical psychologists, teachers and all teachers who are interested in the issue.
title: Bedeutung und Funktion von Zivilgesellschaft und Öffentlichkeit im demokratischen Rechtsstaat am Beispiel der Bundesrepublik Deutschland
Creators: name: Weiß, Norman
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Heute wird selbstverständlich von einer aktiven Zivilgesellschaft als relevanter Akteurin des politischen Prozesses ausgegangen. Dies gilt für den innerstaatlichen Rahmen ebenso wie für die völkerrechtliche Ebene. Das Engagement zivilgesellschaftlicher Akteure im verfassungsrechtlich eingehegten Rahmen des politischen Prozesses ist mit Fragen verbunden, denen sich dieser Aufsatz nähern wird. Zunächst wird der Begriff der Zivilgesellschaft hergeleitet (I) und danach wird auf die Funktionen der Öffentlichkeit in einem rechtsstaatlich verfaßten republikanischen Gemeinwesen eingegangen (II), bevor zum Schluß aktuelle Themen, die sich in den letzten Jahren entwickelt haben, vorgestellt und als erste Forschungsfragen formuliert werden (III).
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Rechtswissenschaftliche Reihe, 5
Credit Rating Agencies and the Credit Crisis: How the “Issuer Pays” Conflict Contributed and What Regulators Might Do About It
Creators: name: Darcy, Deryn
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2009

description: All good–or at least interesting–stories have a villain, and as the Credit Crisis started to unfold in 2007, credit rating agencies (“CRAs”) emerged as obvious targets for fingerpointing by regulators, scholars, and commentators alike. In short, many observers have accused the agencies of doing a poor job assessing the risks inherent in securities backed by subprime mortgages. These securities–particularly residential mortgage-backed securities (“RMBS”) and collateralized debt obligations (“CDOs”) backed by subprime mortgages–have been at the center of the Credit Crisis, and many assert that these instruments would not have been as marketable without the CRAs’ perceived seal of approval. Why did the agencies perform so poorly? There are likely many contributing factors, but a popular focal point has been the conflict of interest embedded in the CRAs’ issuer pays business model. Indeed, several features of the structured finance ratings market, including the growth in structured finance products, the concentration of the CRAs’ customer base for these securities, and the ratings process itself, suggest that the conflict may have been exacerbated. This Note explores these characteristics and argues that the current regulatory regime, with its emphasis on disclosure, is likely insufficient to protect against a similar problem in the future.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2009 No. 2
Magneto-transport in Disordered Graphene: from Weak Localization to Strong Localization
Creators: name: Moser, J.
name: Tao, H.
name: Roche, S.
name: Alsina, F.
name: Torres, C. M. Sotomayor
name: Bachtold, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a magneto-transport study of graphene samples into which a mild disorder was introduced by exposure to ozone. Unlike the conductivity of pristine graphene, the conductivity of graphene samples exposed to ozone becomes very sensitive to temperature: it decreases by more than 3 orders of magnitude between 100K and 1K. By varying either an external gate voltage or temperature, we continuously tune the transport properties from the weak to the strong localization regime. We show that the transition occurs as the phase coherence length becomes comparable to the localization length. We also highlight the important role of disorder-enhanced electron-electron interaction on the resistivity.
O formato de publicação JATS-XML para revistas em acesso aberto: o caso da Revista de Humanidades Digitais H2D
Creators: name: Carvalho, Ana Marcella
name: Gonçalves, Luís
name: Piovesan, Fabíola
name: Silveira, Eliane
name: Araújo, Sílvia
name: Correia, Ana M.
name: Lourenço-Gomes, Maria do Carmo
name: Marques, Carla
name: Carvalho, José
name: Costa, Susana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Apresentação realizada na sessão Pecha Kucha III da 12ª Conferência Luso-Brasileira de Ciência Aberta, formato híbrido, de 13 a 15 de outubro de 2021.