Australimnadia torqueova Timms & Schwentner, 2017, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Timms, Brian V.
name: Schwentner, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Branchiopoda
Diplostraca
Limnadiidae
Australimnadia
Australimnadia torqueova

description: Australimnadia torqueova sp. nov.
(Figs 7–9)
Etymology. The specific name reflects the twisted nature of the facets of the egg, based on the Latin ‘torque’ meaning twisted and ‘ova’ meaning egg.
Material examined. Holotype: male, Morley Park, Western Australia, 31°53’S, 115°53’E, Morley Park State School, 1936, WAM C5223. Allotype: female, collected with holotype, WAM C5224. Paratypes: female, collected with holotype, WAM C5225
Other material examined. 3 females, Road Lake near Mandurah, Western Australia, 32°32'S, 115°43'E, 27 August 1954, G.P. Whitley, AM P12429.
Diagnosis. Egg double discoid, with 2 or 3 long facets each with many parallel ridges and grooves and twisted around each other, usually appearing as double discoid. First antennae with about 9 lobes in both sexes, second antennae with 12–14 antennomeres. Trunk segments 18. Second clasper with large palp bearing 2 palpomeres. Telson with about 20 spines, divided by telsonic filament insertion into 3 or 4 anterior spines and about 16 or 17 closely arranged spines. Cercopod with about 15 long setae on basal 50–60%.
Description. Egg (Fig. 7 C–F): Mean maximum diameter 248 µm, range 202–287 µm (n = 10). Non-spherical consisting of 2 or 3 twisted bands, the facias, of parallel alternate ridges and grooves usually arranged as double discoid but sometimes mis-shapen, twisting incomplete or occasionally with facias parallel. Each facia separated by flange with uneven surface due to burst and unburst air pockets (i.e., foamy) and its ridge/groove system occupying about 1/3 to ½ its width.
Male: Length 8.9 mm, height 6.0 mm. Head (Fig. 8 C) with ocular tubercle prominent, compound eye spherical and occupying about 50% of it. Rostrum bluntly triangular, protruding subequally to ocular tubercle and at angle of about 90° to it. Ocellus about half size of compound eye and lying at base of rostrum. Dorsal organ posterior to eye, subequal to its height, asymmetrical and placed within half its height to ocular tubercle.
First antennae (Fig. 8 C) little longer than peduncle of second antennae, with about 9 lobes, each with numerous short sensory setae. Second antennae with spinose peduncle about twice as protruding as rostrum and dorsal flagella with about 12 antennomeres and ventral flagella with 14 antennomeres. Dorsally with 1–3 short spines and ventrally with 0–4 long (up to 10 × antennomere diameter) setae per antennomere. Basal and distal antennomeres with minimal spines, while setae maximal distally.
Carapace (Fig. 8 A) elongated oval, pelucid, and with about 6 growth lines. Adductor muscle scar at about 45° to carapace long axis.
Thoracopods: Eighteen pairs, the first two modified as claspers (Fig. 7 D). Palm trapezoidal with an asymmetrically rounded expansion distomedially. Apical bulb spherical with many stout spines pointing medially, also laterally bearing a small palp with many short thin spines apically. Finger arcuate with blunt apex bearing suctorial disc anterordorsally and many rounded pits ventrally. Long palp of first clasper inserted on apical edge of palm, of 2 palpomeres and without setae at the palpomere junctions, many thin limp setae terminally. Long palp of second clasper similarly structured but second palpomere long, about 1.5 times longer than hand.
Only thoracopod III described here (Fig. 9) though thoracopods IV to at least XV of broadly similar structure. Endites each with numerous anterior (AS) and posterior setae (PS). Endopod, exopod and flabellum each with posterior setae and naked epipodite. Endite I with about 30 curved (apparently) PS on lateral margin and about 13 straight (apparently) AS on medial margin, varying in size and complexity; the 2 most basal short, stout and each bearing about 5 denticles. The remaining approximately 11 setae of 2 segments, increasing in length towards the centre, and with basal segment stout and longer with setulae on one side, distal segment thin, shorter and plumose. Endite II with about 27 AS and about 38 PS, endite III with about 16 AS and about 18 PS, endite IV with about 13 AS and about 18 PS, endite V with about 42 setae (presumedly PS), 1 row transverse and 1 row apically. Endite V with cylindrical palp almost 1.5 times longer than endite V. Posterior setae similar throughout, long, plumose, of 2 segments, with basal segment generally 35–45% of length. Anterior setae always of 2 plumose segments and varying from ¼ (endite 2) to ¼ (endite 3) to ½ (endite 4) length of PS. Basal segment of AS stouter than distal segment and about 60% of total length. Endopod with about 24 PS, distalmost with basal spiniform projection from the endopod. Exopod and flabellum with numerous (ca. 80–100) presumably PS, most distal group (occupying about half exopod) on exopod with basal spiniform projection. Endopod, exopod and flabellum all long, narrow, each with acute apex. Epipodite fusiform, slightly longer than flabellum. Last few thoracopods very much smaller and reduced in complexity. Other thoracopods of typical structure for Australimnadia, decreasing is size and complexity posteriorly. Dorsal surface of trunk with 1–5 short spines medoposteriorly on asymmetrical mounds on each of posterior 8 trunk segments.
Telson (Fig. 8 B) with about 20 pairs of dorsal spines on distinctly even convex surface, first 4 well-spaced with anteriormost and 4th larger than 2nd and 3rd. Telsonic filaments originating from mound little higher than dorsal floor of telson positioned at about fourth spine. Dorsal floor of telson posterior to mound sloping steeply posterior to mound, then with slightly concave surface to base of cercopod. About 17 crowded spines posterior to insertion of caudal filaments, increasing in length posteriorly. Cercopods as long as dorsum of telson, basal 50% hardly thinning and bearing about 15 setae 3–4 times as long as basal diameter of cercopods, without terminal spine. Apical 40–50% of cercopods gradually thinning; apical surface covered with very small denticles. Ventroposterior corner of telson slightly protruding but rounded.
Female. Length 10.5 mm, height 7.8 mm. Head (Fig. 8 G) with ocular tubercle prominent, with compound eye occupying about 50% of it. Rostrum a rounded triangular bulge, little less protruding than ocular tubercle and with basal part occupied by large ocellus, about 60% size of compound eye. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about half its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and subequal in height to ocular tubercle.
First antennae (Fig 8 G) little shorter than peduncle of second antennae, with about 9 lobes each, with many short sensory hairs. Second antennae largely as in male, but peduncle about 3 times rostrum length.
Carapace (Fig. 8 E) as in male, though more vaulted dorsally. About 9 growth lines.
Eighteen pairs of thoracopods of typical Paralimnadia structure. Trunk dorsum with 1–3 setae on posterior 3 trunk segments, and 5–9 setae on next 5 or 6 trunk segments. Dorsum of anterior 8–10 trunk segments naked.
Telson (Fig. 8 F) as in male.
Variation. Of the few specimens available, those from Mandurah (AM P12429) are slightly different, the main variation is the extra spine in the anterior group of telsonic spines and their close spacing. There is also an extra seta in the cercopod row. It is most unusual among limnadiids for males and females to have similar number of lobules on the first antennae, but all five females examined had the same number as the male, suggesting the male is unusual or the condition is indeed valid.
Distribution and Conservation Status. Both localities are on the sandy Swan coastal plain on the southwest coast of Western Australia. Australimnadia torqueova sp. nov. might now be extinct, given both localities are now in urban areas and Morley School no longer exists, having been replaced by a shopping complex and huge cemented car park. Furthermore, the wetlands of the Perth area have been well studied post 1980s without rediscovery of A. torqueova (e.g., Davies et al. 1993; Horwitz et al. 2009).
description: Published as part of Timms, Brian V. & Schwentner, Martin, 2017, A revision of the clam shrimp Australimnadia Timms and Schwentner, 2012 (Crustacea: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae) with two new species from Western Australia, pp. 81-98 in Zootaxa 4291 (1) on pages 91-95, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4291.1.5, http://zenodo.org/record/829387