cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Agricultural Trade Reform and Industry Adjustment in Indonesia
Creators: name: Harris, David N.
name: Harris, David N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper presents a component of a project on industry adjustment to agricultural trade reform in selected developing countries. The aim of the project is to examine the issues affecting the development of industry adjustment policies to manage the impact of trade reform. It will evaluate specific developing country examples of industries that are likely to face significant adjustment pressures from trade policy reform. The study is focused on industry specific policy responses for two reasons. First, many LDC's are concerned about the consequences of future WTO reforms for adjustment in 'sensitive' industries. Governments in developing countries have received advice and assistance on how to comply with the requirements of their WTO commitments from the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations. However, very little attention has been devoted to the domestic effects of trade reform. Second, the implementation of international trade commitments is likely to lead to industry requests for assistance. Adjustment policies used by developed countries may not be directly applicable to LDC situations. Differences in structural characteristics, institutional arrangements and the level of industry development require an investigation of the issues affecting adjustment in developing countries.
Hydrodynamic slip boundary condition at chemically patterned surfaces: A continuum deduction from molecular dynamics
Creators: name: Qian, Tiezheng
name: Wang, Xiao-Ping
name: Sheng, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the slip boundary condition for single-phase flow past a chemically patterned surface. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations show that modulation of fluid-solid interaction along a chemically patterned surface induces a lateral structure in the fluid molecular organization near the surface. Consequently, various forces and stresses in the fluid vary along the patterned surface. Given the presence of these lateral variations, a general scheme is developed to extract hydrodynamic information from MD data. With the help of this scheme, the validity of the Navier slip boundary condition is verified for the chemically patterned surface, where a local slip length can be defined. Based on the MD results, a continuum hydrodynamic model is formulated using the Navier-Stokes equation and the Navier boundary condition, with a slip length varying along the patterned surface. Steady-state velocity fields from continuum calculations are in quantitative agreement with those from MD simulations. It is shown that, when the pattern period is sufficiently small, the solid surface appears to be homogeneous, with an effective slip length that can be controlled by surface patterning. Such a tunable slip length may have important applications in nanofluidics.
description: 41 pages, 17 figures
Rapid Mixing for Lattice Colorings with Fewer Colors
Creators: name: Achlioptas, Dimitris
name: Molloy, Michael
name: Moore, Cristopher
name: Van Bussell, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide an optimally mixing Markov chain for 6-colorings of the square lattice on rectangular regions with free, fixed, or toroidal boundary conditions. This implies that the uniform distribution on the set of such colorings has strong spatial mixing, so that the 6-state Potts antiferromagnet has a finite correlation length and a unique Gibbs measure at zero temperature. Four and five are now the only remaining values of q for which it is not known whether there exists a rapidly mixing Markov chain for q-colorings of the square lattice.
description: Appeared in Proc. LATIN 2004, to appear in JSTAT
The Political Geography of EU Agricultural Policy Adjustment
Creators: name: Winter, Michael
name: Winter, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: agricultural policy
subject: political geography
subject: CAP
subject: rural development
subject: regional
subject: spatial

description: This paper provides an historical context to policy reform and agricultural adjustment within the EU, primarily through examining the development of policy concerns and issues in the UK. It suggests that, notwithstanding the emergence of a common policy for European agriculture there is still considerable scope for national, regional and local difference, based on the different cultural, political and geographical circumstances of member states. The paper examines how the underlying rationale for a common policy, built around the notion of family faming, is being supplanted by a new public justification for intervention based on rural development and agri-environmental distinctiveness.
The Swedish Agricultural Policy Reform of 1990 : A Window of Opportunity for Structural Change in Policy Preferences
Creators: name: Rabinowicz, Ewa
name: Rabinowicz, Ewa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: Swedish agricultural policy reform of 1990 constitutes a rare example of a very radical reform of agricultural policy. All internal market regulations were abolished. Farmers were offered only a modest and temporary compensation. Contrary to the reforms of the CAP, the reform was not caused by external pressures or a budgetary crisis. The paper aims at identifying driving forces behind the reform. The analysis is based on an eclectic approach focussing on legitimacy of the agricultural policy and on coalition formation in the parliament. Swedish politics in the post war period has been dominated by Social Democrats who do not rely on farm votes. However, Social Democrats were occasionally dependent on a support from a centrist agrarian party, which benefited farmers. Weakening of the strategic position of the agrarians due to changing co-operation pattern in late 80s constituted a window of opportunity for a reform of agricultural policy. Declining legitimacy was however, a major explanation why it was possible to reform the policy. Open and public debate on agricultural policy contributed considerably to the decline of the legitimacy. Even the Federation of Swedish Farmers accepted that agricultural policy had to be reformed. The clever organisation of the work on the reform and of the management of the process of arriving at the draft proposal have also contributed to the success. The reform was initiated by the Ministry of finance and managed by "outsiders" confirming that sectoral ministries will generally not be willing or able to run liberal trade policies. After joining the EU, Sweden became one of the most ardent critics of the CAP. This indicates that the reform of 1990 was not merely a result of favourable circumstances but that a long-term structural change in the societal preferences has taken place.
The evolution of the mass function split by morphology up to redshift 1 in the FORS Deep and the GOODS-S Fields
Creators: name: Pannella, M.
name: Hopp, U.
name: Saglia, R. P.
name: Bender, R.
name: Drory, N.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Gabasch, A.
name: Feulner, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution of the stellar mass density for the separate families of bulge-dominated and disk-dominated galaxies over the redshift range 0.25 < z < 1.15. We derive quantitative morphology for a statistically significant galaxy sample of 1645 objects selected from the FORS Deep and the GOODS-S Fields. We find that the morphological mix evolves monotonically with time: the higher the redshift, the more disk systems dominate the total mass content. At redshift about 1, massive objects (M_stellar > 7E10 M_solar) host about half of the mass contained in objects of similar mass in the local universe. The contribution from early and late type galaxies to the mass budget at z about 1 is nearly equal. We show that in situ star formation is not sufficient to explain the changing mass budget. Moreover we find that the star formation rate per unit stellar mass of massive galaxies increases with redshift only for the intermediate and early morphological types, while it stays nearly constant for late-type objects. This suggests that merging and/or frequent accretion of small mass objects has a key role in the shaping of the Hubble sequence as we observe it now, and also in decreasing the star formation activity of the bulge-dominated descendants of massive disk galaxies.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL; 4 pages, 3 color figures, uses emulateapj.cls
Beirut explosion: Energy yield from the fireball time evolution in the first 230 milliseconds
Creators: name: Aouad, Charles
name: Chemissany, Wissam
name: Mazzali, Paolo
name: Temsah, Yehia
name: Jahami, Ali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the fireball resulting from the August 2020 Beirut explosion is traced using amateur footage taken during the first $\sim$ 230 $ms$ after the detonation. 38 frames separated by $\sim$ 16.66 - 33.33 $ms$ are extracted from 6 different videos located precisely on the map. Measurements of the time evolution of the radius $R_{t}$ of the shock wave are traced by the fireball at consecutive time sequence $t$. Pixel scales for the videos are calibrated by de-projecting the existing grains silos building for which accurate drawings are available and by defining the line of sight incident angles. The energy available to drive the shock wave at early times can be calculated through $E = 10^{2b} K ρ_{o}$ where $b$ is a fitted parameter dependant on the relation between $R_t$ and $t$. $K$ is a constant depending on the ratio of specific heats of the atmosphere and $ρ_0$ is the undisturbed gas density. A total energy yield of $E \approx 1.3\times 10^{12}$ Joules with a lower bound of $9.8\times 10^{11}$ and an upper bound of $\sim 1.7\times 10^{12}$ or the equivalent of $\sim 310_{235}^{405}$ tons of T.N.T. is found. Our energy yields are different from other published studies using the same method. This can present an argument that if the compound that exploded is fuel rich ammonium nitrate (ANFO), then the actual mass that detonated is less than officially claimed.
description: 16 pages 14 figures Time of fireball/shock wave detachment is revisited. Epoch is reduced to 170 ms. Drag model is used to track the stopping distance of the fireball. Measuring the fireball is enhanced. Hydrographic survey presented and dimensions of the crater have been used. Results compared with other published papers. Accepted to be published in Shock Waves
Non-Gaussian tail of the curvature perturbation in stochastic ultra-slow-roll inflation: implications for primordial black hole production
Creators: name: Figueroa, Daniel G.
name: Raatikainen, Sami
name: Rasanen, Syksy
name: Tomberg, Eemeli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum diffusion in ultra-slow-roll (USR) inflation. Using the $ΔN$ formalism, we present the first stochastic calculation of the probability distribution $P(\mathcal{R})$ of the curvature perturbation during USR. We capture the non-linearity of the system, solving the coupled evolution of the coarse-grained background with random kicks from the short wavelength modes, simultaneously with the mode evolution around the stochastic background. This leads to a non-Markovian process from which we determine the highly non-Gaussian tail of $P(\mathcal{R})$. Studying the production of primordial black holes in a viable model, we find that stochastic effects during USR increase their abundance by a factor $\sim 10^5$ compared to the Gaussian approximation.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures. v2: 5+3 pages, 2 figures. Improved analysis and text, gathered 400 times more data. Small change in results. Published version
Policy Reform and Agricultural Adjustment in Transition Countries
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy

description: After the fall of the Berlin Wall at the end of the 1980s, dramatic institutional and economic reforms took place in countries in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Agriculture was dramatically affected by these changes in policies. There are significant differences among reform policies in transition. However, most implemented substantial reforms in price and trade policies; privatization of property rights of land, farms, and agri-food businesses; and reforms of the institutions governing exchange. In this paper, we review key reforms and adjustments and discuss the causes of the differences between countries. In most cases changes in output, input use, and productivity were caused by a combination of initial conditions and reform policies. These interactions are particularly important in understanding the changes in productivity and labor adjustment patterns.
Simplifying the design of multilevel thermal machines using virtual qubits
Creators: name: Usui, Ayaka
name: Niedenzu, Wolfgang
name: Huber, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum thermodynamics often deals with the dynamics of small quantum machines interfacing with a large and complex environment. Virtual qubits, collisional models and reset master equations have become highly useful tools for predicting the qualitative behaviour of two-dimensional target systems coupled to few-qubit machines and a thermal environment. While few successes in matching the simplified model parameters for all possible physical systems are known, the qualitative predictions still allow for a general design of quantum machines irrespective of the implementation. We generalise these tools by introducing multiple competing virtual qubits for modelling multi-dimensional systems coupled to larger and more complex machines. By simulating the full physical dynamics for targets with three dimensions, we uncover general properties of reset models that can be used as `dials' to correctly predict the qualitative features of physical changes in a realistic setup and thus design autonomous quantum machines beyond a few qubits. We then present a general analytic solution of the reset model for arbitrary-dimensional systems coupled to multi-qubit machines. Finally, we showcase an improved three-level laser as an exemplary application of our results.
description: 9+6 pages, 6 figures
Dynamical dark energy models -- dynamical system approach
Creators: name: Szydlowski, Marek
name: Hrycyna, Orest
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model with dynamical dark energy modelled in terms of the equation of state $p_{x}=w_{x}(a(z)) ρ_{x}$ in which the coefficient $w_{x}$ is parameterized by the scale factor $a$ or redshift $z$. We use methods of qualitative analysis of differential equations to investigate the space of all admissible solutions for all initial conditions on the two-dimensional phase plane. We show advantages of representing this dynamics as a motion of a particle in the one-dimensional potential $V(a)$. One of the features of this reduction is the possibility of investigating how typical are big rip singularities in the future evolution of the model. The properties of potential function $V$ can serve as a tool for qualitative classification of all evolution paths. Some important features like resolution of the acceleration problem can be simply visualized as domains on the phase plane. Then one is able to see how large is the class of solutions (labelled by the inset of the initial conditions) leading to the desired property.
description: RevTeX4, 11 pages, 3 figures; v2 - corrected fig2
title: Ð¡Ñ ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°
title: Ð»Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÑÐ¼
titleType: Subtitle
title: Circuit design
Creators: name: Ð ÑÐ¼ÑÐ½ÑÐµÐ², ÐÐ²Ð°Ð½
name: ÐÑÐ¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð², ÐÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ
name: ÐÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð², ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¸ÑÐ°
Publisher: name: ÐÐÐÐÐ¢ÐÐ¥-ÐÐ ÐÐ¡Ð¡
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ
Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°

description: ÐÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ Ð¿ÑÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÐºÑÐ¼ ÑÐ¾Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ ÑÐ¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ñ Â«Ð¡ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Â» ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÑÐ°Ð»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð°ÑÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð°ÑÑÐ° Ð²ÑÑÑÐµÐ³Ð¾ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ 11.03.04 Â«Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Â». Ð¡Ð¾Ð´ÐµÑÐ¶Ð¸Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ¾ÑÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð» Ð¿Ð¾ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð¼ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÐ¾Ð¹ÑÑÐ² Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÑÑÑÐ° Â«Ð¡ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Â». Ð¡Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð±ÑÑÐ²ÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÑÐµÐ¼, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð² ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐ¼ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð², ÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð², Ð¼ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ Ð´ÐµÐ¼ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð², ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐ¹, ÑÑÐ¸Ð³Ð³ÐµÑÐ¾Ð², ÑÐµÐ³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¸ ÑÑÐµÑÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð². ÐÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´ÐµÐ½ÑÐ¾Ð² ÐÐ½ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑÐ° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ð¸ ÑÐµÐ»ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¼ÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¡ÐÐ±ÐÐ£, Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐ¸ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÐºÑÑÑÑ Â«Ð¡ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Â», Ð¿Ð¾ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ 11.03.04 Â«Ð­Ð»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ° Ð¸ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°Â».
description: The laboratory tutorial corresponds to the content of the discipline Â«Circuit designÂ» of the federal state educational standard of higher education in the major 11.03.04 Â«Electronics and NanoelectronicsÂ». It contains laboratory works and theoretical material on the basics of digital device development for the course Â«Circuit designÂ». It helps to obtain skills in the development of digital circuits, as well as understanding the principles of operation of basic logic elements, encoders and decoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers, code converters, triggers, registers and counters. It is intended for students of the Institute of Electronics and Telecommunications, SPbPU, studying the course Â«Circuit designÂ» in the major 11.03.04 Â«Electronics and NanoelectronicsÂ».
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PRESERVATION BY ECOTOURISM-LINKED BUSINESSES: EVIDENCE FROM THE CARIBBEAN WINDWARD ISLANDS
Creators: name: Allport, Ruth C.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Allport, Ruth C.
name: Epperson, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the willingness of businesses directly dependent on ecotourism to pay for the protection of the environmental assets marketed as "ecotourism products." The open-ended contingent valuation method was employed to elicit willingness to pay (WTP) in the four Windward Islands of the Caribbean with respect to organizational, economic and policy characteristics of the respondents. Most of the businesses were relatively small, with gross annual revenue less the EC $250,000 (US $92,251). The following profile for a firm willing to pay for environmental amenities and services was drawn from this study: smaller businesses with highly educated persons in management who are in direct contact with ecotourism sites, have previously contributed to environmental causes but are not members of environmental/ecological organizations, and are fully Caribbean owned. Government policymakers and tourism officials of the Windward Islands can use such profile information in designing training and environmental awareness programs and targeting stakeholders who can most benefit from such programs.
REFORMING OUTDATED FENCE LAW PROVISIONS: GOOD FENCES MAKE GOOD NEIGHBORS ONLY IF THEY ARE FAIR
Creators: name: Centner, Terence J.
name: Centner, Terence J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Conflicts between persons engaged in animal husbandry and their neighbors have given legislative bodies many challenges in responding to competing equities. One set of rules has concerned the enclosure of domestic livestock, and legislative bodies have adopted assorted fence rules to resolve competing interests associated with grazing by domestic animals. Alternative fence-out legislation still exists in some jurisdictions for open range and very rural areas. Under fence-out legislation, ranchers do not have to build fences to confine their animals; rather, persons who want to keep out stray livestock have the burden of putting up a fence. Economists have given considerable attention to the externalities posed by livestock and the economic consequences of fence-in and fence-out rules, but have not considered the entire spectrum of scientific knowledge regarding the selection of a preferred rule. This paper addresses recent agro-research strategies and the comparison of property versus liability rule protection.
The investigation of ELAIS field by Vega photometry: Absolute - magnitude dependent on the Galactic model parameters
Creators: name: Bilir, S.
name: Karaali, S.
name: Gilmore, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the density laws of the Galactic stellar populations as a function of absolute magnitude in a near-polar Galactic field. The density laws are determined by the direct fit to photometric parallaxes from Vega photometry in the ELAIS (l=84.27, b=+44.90; 6.571 deg^2) field both independently for each population and simultaneously for all stellar populations. Stars have been separated into different populations based on their spatial location. The thick disc and halo best fit by an exponential. However, the thin disc best fits by using a sech^2 law for stars at faint absolute magnitudes, (10,11], (11,12] and (12,13], whereas an exponential law for stars at relatively bright absolute magnitudes, (5,6], (6,7], (7,8], (8,9] and (9,10]. The scaleheights for the sech^2 density laws are the equivalent exponential scaleheights. Galactic model parameters are absolute magnitude dependent: The scaleheight for thin disc decreases monotonically from stars at bright absolute magnitudes to stars at faint absolute magnitudes in the range 363-163 pc, except the minimum H=211 pc at (9,10] where sech density law fits better. Its local density is flat at bright absolute magnitudes but it increases at faint absolute magnitudes. For thick disc, the scaleheight is flat within the uncertainties. The local space density of thick disc relative to the local space density for the thin disc is almost flat at absolute magnitude intervals (5,6] and (6,7], 7.59 and 7.41% respectively, whereas it decreases down to 3.31% at absolute magnitude interval (7,8]. The axial ratio for the halo is e=0.60, 0.73 and 0.78 for the absolute magnitude intervals (4,5], (5,6] and (6,7] respectively, and its local space density relative to the local space density for the thin disc is 0.06 and 0.04% for the intervals (5,6], and (6,7] respectively.
description: 15 pages, including 16 figures and 15 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
POSTPRODUCTIVISM AND RURAL LAND VALUES
Creators: name: Bergstrom, John C.
name: Bergstrom, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: postproductivism
subject: rural land values and preferences
subject: commodity values
subject: amenity values

description: There are a multitude of interdisciplinary values that people derive from rural land. Productivism focuses on the commodity values of rural land, such as the use of land as a commercial input into agricultural production, timber harvesting and mineral extraction. Productivistic uses and values of rural land have been the traditional focus of rural land policy and management in the United States. Many rural areas in the United States are moving into a postproductivism era. Postproductivism focuses on both commodity and amenity values of rural land. Amenity values of rural land include recreational, aesthetic and ecological service values. When a rural area moves from productivism to postproductivism, value conflicts may arise between individuals and groups who have different preferences with respect to commodity and amenity values. Traditional rural institutions may not be set up to effectively handle such conflicts. There is a need to explore what types of institutions may be most effective in resolving rural land use problems related to the different and often competing values people place on rural land and landscapes.
On the Mechanism of the Spin State Transition of (Pr1-ySmy)1-xCaxCoO3
Creators: name: Fujita, Toshiaki
name: Kawabata, Shohei
name: Sato, Masatoshi
name: Kurita, Nobuyuki
name: Hedo, Masato
name: Uwatoko, Yoshiya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport, thermal and magnetic measurements have been carried out on (Pr1-ySmy)1-xCaxCoO3. The system exhibits a structural phase transition accompanied by the spin state change from the intermediate spin (IS) state to the low spin (LS) state with decreasing temperature T. We have constructed a T-y phase diagram for x=0.3 and T-x ones for y=0.2 and 0.3. By analyzing their magnetic susceptibilities, the number of Co ions excited to IS state (or the electron number in the eg orbitals), nIS, are roughly estimated. With increasing y or with decreasing x, nIS decreases, and the phase transition changes gradually to the (IS-LS) crossover-like one. We discuss on the possible role of the Pr atoms in realizing the transition.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, Submitted to J. phys. Soc. Jpn
INTERNATIONAL VARIATION OF RETURN ON EQUITY IN THE FOOD AND BEVERAGE INDUSTRIES
Creators: name: Acheampong, Yvonne J.
name: Epperson, James E.
name: Acheampong, Yvonne J.
name: Epperson, James E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: variation on return in equity
subject: globalization

description: The objective was to analyze the effects of country and firm specific factors on the return on equity in the beverage and tobacco and food and consumer products industries for eleven industrialized nations. The results indicated that country and firm specific factors were important in explaining variation in return on equity within countries but not generally across countries or time.
The psychological correlates of exercise participation among older adults : strength training and circuit weight training programs
Creators: name: McFee, Dawn Lissel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, I examined the psychological correlates of weight training exercise among 123 older adults (n = 84 females; n = 39 males) who were attending a community recreation program.Towards this aim, six hypotheses were tested that were formulated within three theoretical frameworks—the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Transtheoretical Model of behaviour change. Relationships among the constructs of exercise selfefficacy, physical self-esteem, psychological health, and exercise behaviour were examined. Participants completed a battery of measures (Part 1), and a subset of participants completed additional measures to assess change 10-12 weeks later (Part 2). Part One. In general although the findings were modest, the results supported the multidimensional, hierarchical structure proposed by the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model (Sonstroem & Morgan, 1989). Fourteen of the fifteen correlation coefficients between psychological health, four physical self-esteem subscales-Physical Self-Worth (domain level), Attractive Body, Physical Condition, and Physical Strength (subdomain level), and Exercise Self- Efficacy—were of the expected magnitude and direction. The combination of demographic variables (gender and age) and physical self-concepts accounted for a small but significant amount of variance (10%) in psychological health; women were associated with more positive Overall Mood. As expected, the four physical self-esteem subscales and exercise self-efficacy correctly classified 66% of exercisers in the action or maintenance stage of exercise behaviour adoption. Greater Physical Condition Self-esteem was associated with the maintenance stage. Part Two. Among a subset of the older adult exercisers (n = 67) who completed a postquestionnaire 10-12 weeks later, psychological health was not predicted by the physical selfconcepts and exercise behaviour variables. As expected, the combination of physical selfconcepts accounted for a small but statistically significant amount of variance (13%) in average duration of exercise per week. Greater Body and Strength self-esteem were associated with more exercise per week. Furthermore, the three subdomain physical self-esteem constructs (Body, Condition, and Strength) discriminated between the two stages of exercisers (action and maintenance). Ancillary open-ended program-related questions revealed factors that promote and inhibit exercise participation, and perceived benefits from weight training, consistent with the three theoretical frameworks. An unexpected finding was the high level of fitness and psychological functioning of participants. Implications for program design and future research are discussed.
Thermodynamic properties of the trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential and applications to a quantum gas of mesons
Creators: name: Brzo, Aram Bahroz
name: Alvarez-Castillo, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this study we work out thermodynamic functions for a quantum gas of mesons described as color-electric charge dipoles. They refer to a particular parametrization of the trigonometric Rosen-Morse potential which allows to be transformed to a perturbation of free quantum motion on the three-dimensional hyper-sphere, $S^{3}$, a manifold that can host only charge-neutral systems, the charge dipoles being the configuration of the minimal number of constituents. To the amount charge neutrality manifests itself as an important aspect of the color confinement in the theory of strong interaction, the Quantum Chromodynamics, we expect our findings to be of interest to the evaluation of temperature phenomena in the physics of hadrons and in particular in a quantum gas of color charge dipoles as are the mesons. The results are illustrated for $f_0$ and $J/ψ$ mesons.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures. Replacement based on the published version, statement on the critical temperature included
Spin-Polarized Current Induced Torque in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions
Creators: name: Kalitsov, A.
name: Theodonis, I.
name: Kioussis, N.
name: Chshiev, M.
name: Butler, W. H.
name: Vedyayev, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present tight-binding calculations of the spin torque in non-collinear magnetic tunnel junctions based on the non-equilibrium Green functions approach. We have calculated the spin torque via the effective local magnetic moment approach and the divergence of the spin current. We show that both methods are equivalent, i.e. the absorption of the spin current at the interface is equivalent to the exchange interaction between the electron spins and the local magnetization. The transverse components of the spin torque parallel and perpendicular to the interface oscillate with different phase and decay in the ferromagnetic layer (FM) as a function of the distance from the interface. The period of oscillations is inversely proportional to the difference between the Fermi-momentum of the majority and minority electrons. The phase difference between the two transverse components of the spin torque is due to the precession of the electron spins around the exchange field in the FM layer. In absence of applied bias and for a relatively thin barrier the perpendicular component of the spin torque to the interface is non-zero due to the exchange coupling between the FM layers across the barrier.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
SEASONAL LABOR CONSTRAINTS AND INTRA-HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS IN THE FEMALE FIELDS OF SOUTHERN CAMEROON
Creators: name: Elad, Renata L.
name: Houston, Jack E.
name: Elad, Renata L.
name: Houston, Jack E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: agriculture
subject: seasonal labor
subject: gender
subject: production
subject: developing countries

description: Women's agricultural production is modeled as a sequential switching regression process determined by men's clearing labor capacity and women's harvest labor capacity. Results show that output was more often constrained by husband's clearing labor. However, men's economic contribution to household consumption is inversely related to women's agricultural output.
Local-spin-density functional for multideterminant density functional theory
Creators: name: Paziani, Simone
name: Moroni, Saverio
name: Gori-Giorgi, Paola
name: Bachelet, Giovanni B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on exact limits and quantum Monte Carlo simulations, we obtain, at any density and spin polarization, an accurate estimate for the energy of a modified homogeneous electron gas where electrons repel each other only with a long-range coulombic tail. This allows us to construct an analytic local-spin-density exchange-correlation functional appropriate to new, multideterminantal versions of the density functional theory, where quantum chemistry and approximate exchange-correlation functionals are combined to optimally describe both long- and short-range electron correlations.
description: revised version, ti appear in PRB
Modeling asset allocation strategies and a new portfolio performance score
Creators: name: Chalkis, Apostolos
name: Christoforou, Emmanouil
name: Emiris, Ioannis Z.
name: Dalamagas, Theodore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; I.0
subject: 62-08, 51.08

description: We discuss and extend a powerful, geometric framework to represent the set of portfolios, which identifies the space of asset allocations with the points lying in a convex polytope. Based on this viewpoint, we survey certain state-of-the-art tools from geometric and statistical computing in order to handle important and difficult problems in digital finance. Although our tools are quite general, in this paper we focus on two specific questions. The first concerns crisis detection, which is of prime interest for the public in general and for policy makers in particular because of the significant impact that crises have on the economy. Certain features in stock markets lead to this type of anomaly detection: Given the assets' returns, we describe the relationship between portfolios' return and volatility by means of a copula, without making any assumption on investor strategies. We examine a recent method relying on copulae to construct an appropriate indicator that allows us to automate crisis detection. On real data, the indicator detects all past crashes in the cryptocurrency market, whereas from the DJ600-Europe index, from 1990 to 2008, the indicator identifies correctly 4 crises and issues one false positive for which we offer an explanation. Our second contribution is to introduce an original computational framework to model asset allocation strategies, which is of independent interest for digital finance and its applications. Our approach addresses the crucial question of evaluating portfolio management, and is relevant to individual managers as well as financial institutions. To evaluate portfolio performance, we provide a new portfolio score, based on the aforementioned framework and concepts. In particular, our score relies on the statistical properties of portfolios, and we show how they can be computed efficiently.
description: 36 pages, 4 Figures, 8 Tables
MODIFYING GEORGIA'S NEGLIGENCE LAW: A NEW GOOD SAMARITAN PARADIGM FOR SOME BUSINESS OWNERS
Creators: name: Centner, Terence J.
name: Centner, Terence J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: equine liability statute
subject: Good Samaritan statutes
subject: horses
subject: tort liability

description: An investigation of the new statutory standards of conduct relating to accidents involving horses and other equids highlights current issues concerning tort liability. After a summary of existing Georgia Good Samaritan statutes and liability exceptions, part II evaluates the provisions on standards of conduct to show how the statute changes existing law. In part III, two legislative proposals are offered to encourage safer equine activities: (1) an amendment of the statutory provisions on warnings, and (2) adopting new provisions requiring helmets for minors. Through these proposed amendments, the statutory dispensation for equine owners and operators could be based on safety prerequisites.
Kinetic Antiferromagnetism in the Triangular Lattice
Creators: name: Haerter, Jan O
name: Shastry, B Sriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the motion of a single hole in the infinite $U$ Hubbard model with frustrated hopping leads to weak metallic antiferromagnetism of kinetic origin. An intimate relationship is demonstrated between the simplest versions of this problem in 1 and 2 dimensions, and two of the most subtle many body problems, namely the Heisenberg Bethe ring in 1-d and the 2-dimensional triangular lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, 5 supplementary figures; Figures fixed
A Leading Logarithm Approximation for Inflationary Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Woodard, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During inflation explicit perturbative computations of quantum field theories which contain massless, non-conformal fields exhibit secular effects that grow as powers of the logarithm of the inflationary scale factor. Starobinski\uı's technique of stochastic inflation not only reproduces the leading infrared logarithms at each order in perturbation theory, it can sometimes be summed to reveal what happens when inflation has proceeded so long that the large logarithms overwhelm even very small coupling constants. It is thus a cosmological analogue of what the renormalization group does for the ultraviolet logarithms of quantum field theory, and generalizing this technique to quantum gravity is a problem of great importance. There are two significant differences between gravity and the scalar models for which stochastic formulations have so far been given: derivative interactions and the presence of constrained fields. We use explicit perturbative computations in two simple scalar models to infer a set of rules for stochastically formulating theories with these features.
description: 12 pages, uses LaTeX 2epsilon and espcrc2.sty, no figures
Comparison of methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete observation data with an application to age at puberty in dairy cattle.
Creators: name: Stephen, Melissa A
name: Burke, Chris R
name: Pryce, Jennie
name: Steele, Nicole M
name: Amer, Peter R
name: Meier, Susanne
name: Phyn, Claire VC
name: Garrick, Dorian J
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3009
subject: Veterinary sciences
subject: FOS: Veterinary sciences
classificationCode: 300305
subject: Animal reproduction and breeding
classificationCode: 3003
subject: Animal production

description: Background: Many phenotypes in animal breeding are derived from incomplete measures, especially if they are challenging or expensive to measure precisely. Examples include time-dependent traits such as reproductive status, or lifespan. Incomplete measures for these traits result in phenotypes that are subject to left-, interval- and right-censoring, where phenotypes are only known to fall below an upper bound, between a lower and upper bound, or above a lower bound respectively. Here we compare three methods for deriving phenotypes from incomplete data using age at first elevation (> 1 ng/mL) in blood plasma progesterone (AGEP4), which generally coincides with onset of puberty, as an example trait. Methods: We produced AGEP4 phenotypes from three blood samples collected at about 30-day intervals from approximately 5,000 Holstein–Friesian or Holstein–Friesian × Jersey cross-bred dairy heifers managed in 54 seasonal-calving, pasture-based herds in New Zealand. We used these actual data to simulate 7 different visit scenarios, increasing the extent of censoring by disregarding data from one or two of the three visits. Three methods for deriving phenotypes from these data were explored: 1) ordinal categorical variables which were analysed using categorical threshold analysis; 2) continuous variables, with a penalty of 31 d assigned to right-censored phenotypes; and 3) continuous variables, sampled from within a lower and upper bound using a data augmentation approach. Results: Credibility intervals for heritability estimations overlapped across all methods and visit scenarios, but estimated heritabilities tended to be higher when left censoring was reduced. For sires with at least 5 daughters, the correlations between estimated breeding values (EBVs) from our three-visit scenario and each reduced data scenario varied by method, ranging from 0.65 to 0.95. The estimated breed effects also varied by method, but breed differences were smaller as phenotype censoring increased. Conclusion: Our results indicate that using some methods, phenotypes derived from one observation per offspring for a time-dependent trait such as AGEP4 may provide comparable sire rankings to three observations per offspring. This has implications for the design of large-scale phenotyping initiatives where animal breeders aim to estimate variance parameters and estimated breeding values (EBVs) for phenotypes that are challenging to measure or prohibitively expensive.
title: Helmholtz Open Science Policy. Version 1.0. In der 119. Mitgliederversammlung der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft am 20.-21. September 2022 beschlossen
Creators: name: Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Publisher: name: Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft
Year: 2022

description: Die vorliegende Helmholtz Open Science Policy gliedert sich in drei Abschnitte. Im Abschnitt „A. Strategische Positionierung“ formuliert die Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft ein Bekenntnis zu Open Science, entsprechend dem Grundsatz „as open as possible and as closed as necessary“. Im Abschnitt „B. Monitoring“ legt Helmholtz eine Selbstverpflichtung zu Open Science anhand der drei aktuellen Schwerpunktthemen (Open Access, Open Research Data und Open Research Software) durch konkrete und überprüfbare Ziele vor. Im Abschnitt „C. Umsetzung und gemeinsame Anforderungen“ werden im Einklang mit der Förderpolitik der Europäischen Kommission Open-Science-Praktiken für die Umsetzung formuliert.
Theodorowitsch, Nadeshda: Religion und Atheismus in der UdSSR
Creators: name: Boeckler, Richard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 20 Nr. 2 (1971): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 20, Heft 2
Electronic transport through a parallel--coupled triple quantum dot molecule: Fano resonances and bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: de Guevara, M. L. Ladrón
name: Orellana, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic transport through a triple quantum dot molecule attached in parallel to leads in presence of a magnetic flux is studied. Analytical expressions of the linear conductance and density of states for the molecule in equilibrium at zero temperature are obtained. As a consequence of quantum interference, the conductance exhibits in general a Breit--Wigner and two Fano resonances, the positions and widths of which are controlled by the magnetic field. Every two flux quanta, there is an inversion of roles of the bonding and antibonding states. For particular values of the magnetic flux and dot-lead couplings, one or even both Fano resonances collapse and bound states in the continuum (BIC's) are formed. The line broadenings of the molecular states are examined as a function of the Aharonov--Bohm phase around the condition for the formation of BIC's, finding resonances extremely narrow and robust against variations of the magnetic field.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures
Observational Consequences of a Landscape
Creators: name: Freivogel, Ben
name: Kleban, Matthew
name: Martinez, Maria Rodriguez
name: Susskind, Leonard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we consider the implications of the "landscape" paradigm for the large scale properties of the universe. The most direct implication of a rich landscape is that our local universe was born in a tunnelling event from a neighboring vacuum. This would imply that we live in an open FRW universe with negative spatial curvature. We argue that the "overshoot" problem, which in other settings would make it difficult to achieve slow roll inflation, actually favors such a cosmology. We consider anthropic bounds on the value of the curvature and on the parameters of inflation. When supplemented by statistical arguments these bounds suggest that the number of inflationary efolds is not very much larger than the observed lower bound. Although not statistically favored, the likelihood that the number of efolds is close to the bound set by observations is not negligible. The possible signatures of such a low number of efolds are briefly described.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures v2: references added