cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Recast and Elicitation: The Effectiveness of Corrective Feedback on Japanese Language Learners
Creators: name: Ito, Kinji
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: This paper examines the effectiveness of corrective feedback on learners of the Japanese language. The current study had a total of 25 students who agreed to participate, consisting of both advanced and intermediate levels. There are six main types of corrective feedback established and defined by Lyster and Ranta (1997), this study focused on two particular types, recast (a category of implicit) and elicitation (a category of prompt). Comparing a particular feedback or a category of feedback with another has been one of the ongoing topics in the field of second language (L2) learning.
The present study is intended to examine which feedback works better for the learners in terms of repairing their mistakes and to investigate which learner group shows a better effect on each feedback. The results suggest that elicitation is more beneficial to L2 learners than recast in reformulating their utterance. The reason for this is likely that elicitation is not as implicit as recast; thus, the learners had a better opportunity to notice elicitation that was given when they made a mistake. Interestingly, this outcome also provided a comparison between the advanced and intermediate groups. Both repaired their mistakes more after elicitation was given, but the advanced group did better. Since each group displayed almost the same moderate rate of repairing for recast, what truly differentiated one group from the other was elicitation. This result suggests that learners who have more knowledge of the target language will benefit from elicitation.
Possible instability of one-step replica symmetry breaking in p-spin Ising models outside mean-field theory
Creators: name: Yeo, J.
name: Moore, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fully-connected Ising $p$-spin model has for $p >2$ a discontinuous phase transition from the paramagnetic phase to a stable state with one-step replica symmetry breaking (1RSB). However, simulations in three dimension do not look like these mean-field results and have features more like those which would arise with full replica symmetry breaking (FRSB). To help understand how this might come about we have studied in the fully connected $p$-spin model the state of two-step replica symmetry breaking (2RSB). It has a free energy degenerate with that of 1RSB, but the weight of the additional peak in $P(q)$ vanishes. We expect that the state with full replica symmetry breaking (FRSB) is also degenerate with that of 1RSB. We suggest that finite size effects will give a non-vanishing weight to the FRSB features, as also will fluctuations about the mean-field solution. Our conclusion is that outside the fully connected model in the thermodynamic limit, FRSB is to be expected rather than 1RSB.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures; A whole new section has been added; A new type of model has been introduced and discussed; Title changed; Published version
Applying search theory to determine the feasibility of eradicating invasive populations
Creators: name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Hester, Susan
name: Spring, Daniel
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Hester, Susan
name: Spring, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: invasive species
subject: population dynamics
subject: bioeconomics
subject: weeds
subject: operations research

description: The detectability of invasive organisms influences the feasibility of eradicating an infestation. Search theory offers a framework for defining and measuring detectability, taking account of searcher ability, biological factors and the search environment. In this paper, search theory concepts are incorporated into a population model and the costs of search and control are calculated as functions of the amount of search effort (the decision variable). Simulations are performed on a set of four weed scenarios in a natural environment, involving different combinations of plant longevity, seed longevity and plant fecundity. Results provide information for the design of efficient search strategies.
The water line emission and ortho-to-para ratio in the Orion Bar photon-dominated region
Creators: name: Putaud, T.
name: Michaut, X.
name: Petit, F. Le
name: Roueff, E.
name: Lis, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A very low ortho-to-para ratio (OPR) of 0.1-0.5 was previously reported in the Orion Bar photon-dominated region (PDR), based on observations of two optically thin $\mathrm{H_2^{18}O}$ lines which were analyzed by using a single-slab large velocity gradient model. The corresponding spin temperature does not coincide with the kinetic temperature of the molecular gas in this UV-illuminated region. This was interpreted as an indication of water molecules being formed on cold icy grains which were subsequently released by UV photodesorption. A more complete set of water observations in the Orion Bar, including seven $\mathrm{H_2^{16}O}$ lines and one $\mathrm{H_2^{18}O}$ line, carried out using Herschel/HIFI instrument, was reanalyzed using the Meudon PDR code to derive gas-phase water abundance and the OPR, taking into account the steep density and temperature gradients present in the region. The model line intensities are in good agreement with the observations assuming that water molecules formed with an OPR corresponding to thermal equilibrium conditions at the local kinetic temperature of the gas and when solely considering gas-phase chemistry and water gas-grain exchanges through adsorption and desorption. Gas-phase water is predicted to arise from a region deep into the cloud, corresponding to a visual extinction of $A_{\mathrm{V}} \sim 9$, with a $\mathrm{H_2^{16}O}$ fractional abundance of $\sim 2\times 10^{-7}$ and column density of $(1.4 \pm 0.8) \times 10^{15}$ cm$^{-2}$ for a total cloud depth of $A_{\mathrm{V}}=15$. A line-of-sight average ortho-to-para ratio of $2.8 \pm 0.2$ is derived. The observational data are consistent with a nuclear spin isomer repartition corresponding to the thermal equilibrium at a temperature of $36 \pm 2$ K, much higher than the spin temperature previously reported for this region and close to the gas kinetic temperature in the water-emitting gas.
Progressive and Regressive Taxation in the United States: Who’s Really Paying (and Not Paying) their Fair Share?
Creators: name: Roach, Brian
name: Roach, Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Taxation
subject: Tax Distribution
subject: Equality

description: The 2010 debate over extending the 2001 and 2003 Bush tax cuts often focused the fairness of the tax distribution in the United States. Unfortunately, discussions of tax fairness rarely take into account the distribution of the overall tax system, typically focusing only on the federal income tax or on federal taxes without consideration of the state and local tax system. This paper updates a 2003 analysis (Roach, 2003) to present a current assessment of the distribution of all components of the U.S. tax system, including recent trends. The results show that the overall federal tax system is quite progressive. But when state and local taxes are included as well, the overall U.S. tax system is only slightly progressive. Further, most of the progressivity of the overall tax system occurs in the lower half of the income spectrum. At upper-income levels, progressivity levels off and actually reverses at the highest income levels. Medianincome taxpayers pay about 25% of their total income in taxes, while taxpayers in the top 1% pay about 31% of their income in taxes. Thus claims that America has a “highly progressive” tax system do not appear to be valid. There is no clear long-term trend in the progressivity of the federal tax system – it is about as progressive now as it was in 1979 with progressivity generally declining in the 1980s and rising since then. The limited data on state and local tax progressivity also fail to indicate a trend in either direction over the last 15 years. Relative stability in tax progressivity stands in stark contrast to rising economic inequality. Since 1979, lower-income households have seen their real incomes stagnate, median households have experienced modest gains, while those in the top 10%, and in particular to the top 1%, have realized dramatic gains. While changes in tax progressivity could have partially offset the rise in income inequality, this has not been the case. Analysis of the compromise plan to extend the Bush tax cuts shows that the progressivity of the plan is much closer to the original Republican proposal than President Obama’s proposal that would have eliminated the Bush tax cuts for high-income households.
Combating Slavery and Colonization: Student Abolitionism and the Politics of Antislavery in Higher Education, 1833-1841
Creators: name: Jirik, Michael E.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: During the early 1830’s, the nascent American Antislavery Society needed support at the local level. This thesis argues that college and seminary students were a crucial demographic that helped garner support for, and spread, abolitionism. Examining the proliferation of radical abolitionism at three locations, Lane Seminary, Andover Theological Seminary, and Amherst College, reveals that students developed intellectual and moral arguments to justify their abolitionist sentiments. Typically, student abolitionists rhetorically battled with faculty, administration, and other students, who all supported colonization, over competing solutions to the problem of slavery. At all three locations, faculty and administration sought to suppress student abolitionism for a number of reasons, chief among them was the adherence to contemporary racial prejudices. Despite faculty restrictions, student abolitionists remained active in the movement in various capacities and were pivotal actors that helped spread abolitionism. Centering these locations in the historical narrative of the antebellum era illuminates the power dynamics at institutions of higher learning and how concepts of race, freedom, citizenship, and free speech were intellectually debated. In turn, students were resolved to engage with the foremost problem facing society, racial slavery, and believed immediate emancipation and racial equality were the solutions. This history complicates the current trend in the historiography that focuses on the complicity of America’s universities with the institution of racial slavery and reveals that the history of student activism in the United States can be traced back to antebellum era campuses.
Investment Treaty Arbitration and Developing Countries: A Re-Appraisal
Creators: name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
name: Shrestha, Elen
name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
name: Shrestha, Elen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Investment
subject: International Development
subject: Bilateral Investment Treaties

description: There is an ongoing debate about bilateral investment treaties (BITs) – and investor-state arbitration, in particular – between those who maintain that BITs encourage investment in developing countries by providing enforceable rights and protections for investors, and those who suspect that these new rights and protections have a chilling effect on regulation for public and environmental welfare and actually hinder development. For years, both ?camps? have drawn heavily upon anecdotal evidence and observations to support their view, as no systematic, comprehensive study of empirical data on investment arbitrations had been undertaken. To fill this void, legal scholar Susan Franck has evaluated the criticisms of investment arbitration based on empirical studies of published or known disputes (Franck 2009; Franck 2007). These efforts produced helpful data and initiated a productive discussion of these issues. However, the results and conclusions that can be drawn from Franck’s work are more limited and warrant more nuance than Franck and others so far have taken into account. Franck’s work is now widely used to support the notion that developing countries do not disproportionately ?lose? under the investment arbitration regime. Such a conclusion does not appear to be supported by Franck’s data. This article analyzes Franck’s work to show where differing conclusions emerge. We show that: 1) there is a lack of adequate sample composition and size to conduct rigorous empirical work from which an analyst could draw such bold lessons; 2) discounting the fact that developing countries are subject to a disproportionate number of claims is not to be overlooked, especially when looking at claims by the United States; and 3) relative to government budgets and in per capita terms developing countries pay significantly more in damages than developed nations do.
Design/Build in Architectural Education: studying community-focused curriculum
Creators: name: Sutter, Matthew K
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: Design/Build education in architecture schools is growing in popularity across North America. I have researched the development of this movement, particularly as it has influenced educational programs. This paper begins with a review of the history of design/build at the University level. These historical precedents chart the course of several major benchmarks that have influenced design/build in the United States over the past 100 years. The second part of the study features a matrix highlighting seven current academic programs with long-term success in design/build. Then, I highlight my own design/build experiences within this format.
After determining successful design/build programming, I used this information to develop a new curriculum. To test this new system, I led the development and realization of a local design/build project involving a Five College undergraduate team. This small-scale project was chosen in January and the physical build occurred in March, 2015. Completion of this project allowed for a critical analysis of this new method. This paper compares my results with the initial definition of program successes in an attempt to determine best practices for design/build curriculum moving forward.
Changes in serum sodium concentration during hemodialysis is a predictor of mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular event
Creators: name: Liu, Qixing
name: Zheng, Ke
name: Wang, Haiyun
name: Song, Dan
name: Li, Xuemei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Previous study consistently showed that lower serum sodium (SNa) was associated with a greater risk of mortality in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, few studies have focused on the change in SNa (ΔSNa = post-HD SNa – pre-HD SNa) during an HD session. In a retrospective cohort of maintenance HD adults, all-cause mortality and cardio-cerebrovascular event (CCVE) were followed up for a medium of 82 months. Baseline pre-HD SNa and ΔSNa were collected; time-averaged pre-HD SNa and ΔSNa were computed as the mean values within 1-year, 2-year and 3-year intervals after enrollment. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the relationships of pre-HD and ΔSNa with outcomes. Time-averaged pre-HD SNa were associated with all-cause mortality (2-year pre-HD SNa: HR [95% CI] 0.86 [0.74–0.99], p = 0.042) and CCVE (3-year pre-HD SNa: HR [95% CI] 0.83 [0.72–0.96], p = 0.012) with full adjustment. Time-averaged ΔSNa also demonstrated an association with all-cause mortality (3-year ΔSNa: HR [95% CI] 1.26 [1.03–1.55], p = 0.026) as well as with CCVE (3-year ΔSNa: HR [95% CI] 1.51 [1.21–1.88], p = <0.001) when fully adjusted. Baseline pre-HD SNa and ΔSNa didn’t exhibit association with both outcomes. Lower time-averaged pre-HD SNa and higher time-averaged ΔSNa were associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality and CCVE in HD patients.
The STAR Event Plane Detector
Creators: name: Adams, Joseph
name: Ewigleben, Annika
name: Garrett, Sierra
name: He, Wanbing
name: Huang, Te-Chuan
name: Jacobs, Peter M.
name: Ju, Xinyue
name: Lisa, Michael A.
name: Lomnitz, Michael
name: Pak, Robert
name: Reed, Rosi
name: Schmah, Alexander
name: Shanmuganathan, Prashanth
name: Shao, Ming
name: Sun, Xu
name: Upsal, Isaac
name: Visser, Gerard
name: Zhang, Jinlong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Event Plane Detector (EPD) is an upgrade detector to the STAR experiment at RHIC, designed to measure the pattern of forward-going charged particles emitted in a high-energy collision between heavy nuclei. It consists of two highly-segmented disks of 1.2-cm-thick scintillator embedded with wavelength-shifting fiber, coupled to silicon photomultipliers and custom electronics. We describe the general design of the device, its construction, and performance on the bench and in the experiment.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Nucl. Instr. Meth. A
The Evolution of Yōkai in Relationship to the Japanese Horror Genre
Creators: name: Johnson, Adam J
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: In 2007, popular mystery author Kyōgoku Natsuhiko attempted to adapt a collection of random stories known as the Mimi bukuro or Tales Heard into kaidan, tales of the strange and mysterious for today’s readership. The writing experiment ended with Kyōgoku questioning his own writing abilities and publishing his small collection of adapted stories into a book that was not considered very frightening. Although the experiment failed, Kyōgoku’s efforts raise the question, “if not kaidan, what is frightening in the twentieth century?”
The reason why kaidan are no longer frightening is because their central characters, yōkai, have been displaced from the horror genre. Today the yōkai that were once popular in the Edo period have been “cutesified” for businesses, films, and children’s shows. What is frightening today is no longer the Edo period monster, but rather aliens, ghosts, scientific monsters, and serial killers that represent a fear of the unknown. While the unknown has been a fear of man since the beginning, how it is symbolized and interpreted changes over time based on society and individual experiences.
Chapter one traces the development of yōkai’s transformation from traditional horror story icons to children’s characters and role models. Chapter two analyzes and compares four of the original stories from the Mimi bukuro to Kyōgoku’s adaptation to understand what was scary during the Edo period, and what Kyōgoku deemed frightening in modern times. Chapter three analyzes three different monsters and explains why they were frightening and what problems or unknown situations each monster represented for modern audiences.
Additional file 1 of Effects of maternal consumption of morphine on rat skeletal system development
Creators: name: Saeidinezhad, Maryam
name: Razban, Vahid
name: Safizadeh, Hosein
name: Ezzatabadipour, Massood
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Additional file 1.
Machine Learning the Physical Non-Local Exchange-Correlation Functional of Density-Functional Theory
Creators: name: Schmidt, Jonathan
name: Benavides-Riveros, Carlos L.
name: Marques, Miguel A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We train a neural network as the universal exchange-correlation functional of density-functional theory that simultaneously reproduces both the exact exchange-correlation energy and potential. This functional is extremely non-local, but retains the computational scaling of traditional local or semi-local approximations. It therefore holds the promise of solving some of the delocalization problems that plague density-functional theory, while maintaining the computational efficiency that characterizes the Kohn-Sham equations. Furthermore, by using automatic differentiation, a capability present in modern machine-learning frameworks, we impose the exact mathematical relation between the exchange-correlation energy and the potential, leading to a fully consistent method. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by looking at one-dimensional systems with two strongly-correlated electrons, where density-functional methods are known to fail, and investigate the behavior and performance of our functional by varying the degree of non-locality.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; accepted for publication in J. Phys. Chem. Lett
Additional file 1 of The circular RNA circFARSA sponges microRNA-330-5p in tumor cells with bladder cancer phenotype
Creators: name: Fang, Chen
name: Huang, Xin
name: Dai, Jun
name: He, Wei
name: Xu, Le
name: Sun, Fukang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additiomal file 1.
Cronius ruber
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Portunidae
Cronius
Cronius ruber

description: Cronius ruber (Lamarck, 1818)
Western Atlantic: North Carolina, Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Central America, West Indies, northern South America to Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). Eastern Atlantic: Senegal to Angola. Eastern Pacific: Baja California, Mexico to Peru, including Galápagos and Clipperton I. (Hendrickx 1995; Melo 1996).
 Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: AP, PA, MA, CE: Coelho (1969); PI: Barreto et al. (1993a); PB: Melo & Veloso (2005); BA: A. Milne-Edwards & Bouvier (1923).
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Supersymmetric Pati-Salam Models from Intersecting D-Branes
Creators: name: Everett, L.
name: Kane, G. L.
name: King, S. F.
name: Rigolin, S.
name: Wang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore supersymmetric Type I string-motivated three-family scenarios in which the Standard Model is embedded within two sets of intersecting D branes with U(1)-extended Pati-Salam gauge groups. We study a model inspired by the Shiu-Tye Type IIB orientifold, in which a three-family scenario is obtained by assuming that the gauge symmetry breaking takes place in two stages; the Pati-Salam group arises from diagonal breaking of the U(N) gauge groups, which is then broken to the SM gauge group. We investigate the diagonal breaking scenario in detail and find that generically there are difficulties involved in decoupling the exotic Higgs remnants. On the phenomenological side, proper low energy gauge coupling predictions effectively lead to a ``single brane'' scenario for M_string of order 10^16 GeV. The soft parameters in this limit are constrained by a well-known sum rule, leading to a distinctive phenomenological pattern for the low energy mass spectrum.
description: 18 pages
Ethics and the Economist: What Climate Change Demands of Us
Creators: name: Nelson, Julie A.
name: Nelson, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Ethics
subject: Climate Change

description: Climate change is changing not only our physical world, but also our intellectual, social, and moral worlds. We are realizing that our situation is profoundly unsafe, interdependent, and uncertain. What, then, does climate change demand of us, as human beings and as economists? A discipline of economics based on Enlightenment notions of mechanism and disembodied rationality is not suited to present problems. This essay suggests three major requirements: first, that we take action; second, that we work together; and third, that we focus on avoiding the worst, rather than obtaining the optimal. The essay concludes with suggestions of specific steps that economists can take as researchers, teachers, and in our other roles.
Additional file 1 of Premorbid β1-selective (but not non-selective) β-blocker exposure reduces intensive care unit mortality among septic patients
Creators: name: Ming-Jen Kuo
name: Ruey-Hsing Chou
name: Lu, Ya-Wen
name: Jiun-Yu Guo
name: Tsai, Yi-Lin
name: Cheng-Hsueh Wu
name: Po-Hsun Huang
name: Shing-Jong Lin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Table. Numbers of study subjects with missing data.
Characterization of Protein-Protein Interactions for Therapeutic Drug Design Utilizing Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Johnson, Alex J
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015

description: The number of transferrin based therapeutics progressing to clinical trials remains disappointingly small despite promising capabilities of transporting therapeutic payloads to cancer cells and across the blood brain barrier. This meager success record is largely due to the complexity and heterogeneity of all protein conjugation products that generates difficulties for their analytical characterization. Discussed in this work, transferrin is conjugated to lysozyme as a model therapeutic to deliver this bacteriostatic protein to target central nervous system infections. In this work ESI- and MALDI-MS were used to characterize the modification sites at lysine residues in hopes of characterizing heterogeneity within the conjugate. Identification and quantization of modification sites using MS on tryptic digested samples proved difficult with poor signal to noise ratios and missing peptide fragments. The use of an 18O labeling method that exchanges both C-terminal oxygen atoms with 18O provided more reliable results, but still proved difficult to observe all needed peptide fragments. MALDI-MS allowed for verification of ESI-MS results, but was found unhelpful with full characterization due to abundant overlapping of isotopic labeled peaks. Hoping to create an ideal 1:1 binding ratio between the two proteins, a site-specific modification method using kinetically controlled conditions was used and was confirmed that the method, although capable of producing 1:1 conjugated species, actually created different isomers with separate binding frequencies at each lysine. Online-IEC helped with the identification of isomers and started the initial work of correlating modification sites with bioactivity of the proteins. It was determined that lysozyme has a high chance of being modified at lysine 33 and 116, with a possibility of also being highly modified at lysine 97. More work is needed to complete the characterization, especially with transferrin, but the experimental approaches developed in this work prove to be promising. This work aims at delivering an optimized framework for analytical characterization of protein and antibody conjugates to guide the development of future biopharmaceuticals.
Test black holes, scattering amplitudes and perturbations of Kerr spacetime
Creators: name: Siemonsen, Nils
name: Vines, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been suggested that amplitudes for quantum higher-spin massive particles exchanging gravitons lead, via a classical limit, to results for scattering of spinning black holes in general relativity, when the massive particles are in a certain way minimally coupled to gravity. Such limits of such amplitudes suggest, at least at lower orders in spin, up to second order in the gravitational constant $G$, that the classical aligned-spin scattering function for an arbitrary-mass-ratio two-spinning-black-hole system can be obtained by a simple kinematical mapping from that for a spinning test black hole scattering off a stationary background Kerr black hole. Here we test these suggestions, at orders beyond the reach of the post-Newtonian and post-Minkowskian results used in their initial partial verifications, by confronting them with results from general-relativistic "self-force" calculations of the linear perturbations of a Kerr spacetime sourced by a small orbiting body, here considering only results for circular orbits in the equatorial plane. We translate between scattering and circular-orbit results by assuming the existence of a local-in-time canonical Hamiltonian governing the conservative dynamics of generic (bound and unbound) aligned-spin orbits, while employing the associated first law of spinning binary mechanics. We confirm, through linear order in the mass ratio, some previous conjectures which would begin to fill in the spin-dependent parts of the conservative dynamics for arbitrary-mass-ratio aligned-spin binary black holes at the fourth-and-a-half and fifth post-Newtonian orders.
description: 11 pages + references, 1 figure
Would Women Leaders Have Prevented the Global Financial Crisis? Implications for Teaching about Gender, Behavior, and Economics
Creators: name: Nelson, Julie A.
name: Nelson, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Gender
subject: Behavioral Economics
subject: Financial Crisis

description: Would having more women in leadership have prevented the financial crisis? This question may arise in courses on Gender and Economics, Money and Financial Institutions, Pluralist Economics, or Behavioral Economics, and offers an important teaching moment. The first part of this essay argues that while some behavioral research seems to support an exaggerated "difference" view, non-simplistic behavioral research debunks this and instead reveals the immense unconscious power of stereotyping. The second part of this essay argues that the more urgently needed gender analysis of the financial industry is not concerned with (presumed) "differences" by sex, but rather with the role of gender biases in the social construction of markets. Specific examples and tools that can be used when teaching about difference, similarity, and markets are discussed throughout.
The Cost to Mexico of U.S. Corn Ethanol Expansion
Creators: name: Wise, Timothy A.
name: Wise, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Corn
subject: Ethanol
subject: Biofuels

description: More than 40% of U.S. corn is now consumed in the production of ethanol. With the United States by far the world’s largest producer and exporter of corn, this represents an estimated 15% of global corn production. A recent survey by the National Academy of Sciences estimated that globally biofuels expansion accounted for 20-40% of the price increases seen in 2007-8, when prices of many food crops doubled. This had a dramatic impact on poor consumers and on net-food-importing developing countries. Expanding U.S. production and consumption of corn-based ethanol, which has been encouraged by a range of U.S. government subsidies and incentives, is considered one of the most important biofuel programs in putting upward pressure on food prices. Mexico now imports about one-third of its corn from the United States. Using conservative estimates from a study on U.S. ethanol expansion and corn prices, we estimate the direct impacts of U.S. ethanol expansion on Mexican corn import costs. We find that from 2006-2011, U.S. ethanol expansion cost Mexico about $1.5 billion due to ethanol-related corn price increases. Other methodologies suggest the costs could be more than twice as high, surpassing $3 billion over the period.
The Cost to Developing Countries of U.S. Corn Ethanol Expansion
Creators: name: Wise, Timothy A.
name: Wise, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Corn
subject: Ethanol
subject: Biofuels
subject: Mexico
subject: Agriculture

description: The extended and widespread drought in the U.S. corn belt is straining corn supplies, raising prices to record levels. This is the third price spike in five years in a period that has come to be known as the food crisis. Roughly 40% of U.S. corn is now consumed in the production of ethanol. The United States is by far the world’s largest producer and exporter of corn, so the combination of tight supplies, low inventories, and continued high demand from the ethanol industry has prompted calls for reforms to U.S. biofuels policies. U.S. production and consumption of corn-based ethanol has been encouraged by a range of U.S. government subsidies and incentives, contributing upward pressure on food prices. The National Academy of Sciences estimated that globally biofuels expansion accounted for 20-40% of the price increases seen in 2007-8, when prices of many food crops doubled. Net-food-importing developing countries were particularly hard-hit. In an earlier paper, we estimated that from 2006-2011 U.S. ethanol expansion cost Mexico about $1.5 billion due to ethanol-related corn price increases. Here we apply the same methodology to estimate the global impacts. We estimate the six-year costs to net corn importing countries at $11.6 billion, with developing countries absorbing more than half of those costs. We examine the negative impacts on the poor in net corn exporting countries. We recommend reforms to U.S. biofuels policies.
Achieving Mexico’s Maize Potential
Creators: name: Fernández, Antonio Turrent
name: Wise, Timothy A.
name: Garvey, Elise
name: Fernández, Antonio Turrent
name: Wise, Timothy A.
name: Garvey, Elise
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Mexico
subject: Maize
subject: Corn
subject: Agriculture

description: Rising agricultural prices, combined with growing import dependence, have driven Mexico’s food import bill over $20 billion per year and increased its agricultural trade deficit. Mexico imports one-third of its maize, overwhelmingly from the United States, but three million producers grow most of the country’s white maize, which is used primarily for tortillas and many other pluricultural products for human consumption. Yield gaps are large among the country’s small to medium-scale maize farmers, with productivity estimated at just 57% of potential. To what extent could Mexico close this yield gap, using proven technologies currently employed in the country, to regain its lost self-sufficiency in maize? A comprehensive review of the literature highlights the potential for achieving that goal. With a new government coming to power in Mexico, policy options are examined, identifying those most likely to increase both maize productivity and sustainable resource use while reducing import dependence. With climate change likely to constrain input-intensive agricultural productivity growth, these involve an emphasis on farmer-led extension services, the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices, and improved water management, including expanded irrigation.
Is Dismissing the Precautionary Principle the Manly Thing to Do? Gender and the Economics of Climate Change
Creators: name: Nelson, Julie A.
name: Nelson, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Gender
subject: Climate Change

description: Many public debates about climate change now focus on the economic "costs" of taking action. When called on to advise about these, many leading mainstream economists downplay the need for care and caution on climate issues, forecasting a future with infinitely continued economic growth. This essay highlights the roles of binary metaphors and cultural archetypes in creating the highly gendered, sexist, and age-ist attitudes that underlie this dominant advice. Gung-ho economic growth advocates aspire to the role of The Hero, rejecting the conservatism of The Old Wife. But in a world that is not actually as safe and predictable as they assume, the result is guidance from The Fool. Both intellectual and cultural change are necessary if the voice of The Wise Grandmother (which may come through women or men) is to—alongside The Hero—receive the attention it deserves.
Can Local Farms Survive Globalization?
Creators: name: Arita, Shawn
name: Hemanchandra, Dilini
name: Leung, PingSun
name: Arita, Shawn
name: Hemanchandra, Dilini
name: Leung, PingSun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: import competition
subject: local foods

description: Due to expanding trade and increasing concentration of production during the past few decades, small local farms have faced ever-growing competitive pressures. We investigate the impacts of this globalization on production of local food by examining Hawaiʻi’s open island economy and econometrically evaluating impacts of import competition on the growth and survival of individual fruit and vegetable farms. We find evidence that rising levels of imports significantly hinder farm growth in Hawaiʻi and have a smaller impact on farm survival. Increased foreign competition increases the likelihood of exit for commercial farms but has little effect on small noncommercial farms.
Laleonectes vocans
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Portunidae
Laleonectes
Laleonectes vocans

description: Laleonectes vocans (A. Milne-Edwards, 1878)
 Western Atlantic: Gulf of Mexico, West Indies and Brazil (Bahia to Rio de Janeiro). Central Atlantic: Ascension I. Eastern Atlantic: Madeira I., Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Annobon (Manning & Chace 1990; Melo 1996; Serejo et al. 2006).
 Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: BA: Serejo et al. (2006).
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 29, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
Consumer Valuation of Food Safety: The Case of Postharvest Processed Oysters
Creators: name: Bruner, David M.
name: Huth, William L.
name: McEvoy, David M.
name: Morgan, O. Ashton
name: Bruner, David M.
name: Huth, William L.
name: McEvoy, David M.
name: Morgan, O. Ashton
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: consumer perceptions
subject: experimental auction market
subject: food safety
subject: oysters
subject: risk preference elicitation

description: Consumers’ willingness to pay for postharvest-processed (PHP) raw oysters—oysters without health risks—is studied in experimental auction markets. The experimental design decomposes the effects of taste, objective risk information, and information on four PHP technologies on consumer valuations. Results show that relatively uninformed consumers are willing to pay equivalent amounts for PHP and traditional raw oysters. However, after a blind taste test, consumers are willing to pay a significant premium for traditional raw oysters, and the premium persists after objective information on risk and processing technologies is provided. The results are robust across PHP technologies.
Euryozius sanguineus
Creators: name: Coelho, Petrônio Alves
name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Pseudoziidae
Euryozius
Euryozius sanguineus

description: Euryozius sanguineus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Western Atlantic: Brazil (Pará to Ceará). Central Atlantic: Ascension and Santa Helena Islands. Eastern Atlantic: Madeira I. to Angola (Melo 1996).
 Occurrence in northern and northeastern Brazil: SNC, SFN: Coelho Filho (2006); PP: Holthuis et al. (1980); PA, PI, CE: Barreto et al. (1993a); MA: Coelho & Ramos-Porto (1980), as Euryozius bouvieri (A. Milne-Edwards, 1869).
description: Published as part of Coelho, Petrônio Alves, Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De & Bezerra, Luis Ernesto Arruda, 2008, Checklist of the marine and estuarine Brachyura (Crustacea: Decapoda) of northern and northeastern Brazil, pp. 1-58 in Zootaxa 1956 (1) on page 31, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1956.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5241063
A model of IPRs in the international supply chain of seeds and agricultural production
Creators: name: Eaton, Derek
name: Eaton, Derek
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: innovation
subject: intellectual property
subject: product differentiation
subject: trade

description: This paper analyzes the effects of varying appropriability or strength of IPRs for agricultural seeds. Farmers are modelled as heterogeneous producers, purchasing seed from an innovating monopolist in a vertical product differentiation framework. The effects of IPRs on innovation are endogenized and the welfare of consumers assessed through the price for food. The theoretical analysis reveals some novel aspects of the traditional innovation versus diffusion tradeoff. Less productive producers, and also consumers, are better off with a moderate level of appropriability and lower level of innovation. The model is extended to a two country setting consisting of North and South.
Spectroscopy of excited charmed mesons
Creators: name: Alhakami, Mohammad H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive mass formulas for the $P$-wave orbitally excited $D^*_{0(s)}$, $D^\prime_{1(s)}$, $D_{1(s)}$, and $D^*_{2(s)}$ heavy charmed mesons including all effects from one-loop corrections that contribute at leading order in chiral expansion. In our formalism, the effects to first order in $m_q$, where $m_q$ is the light quark mass, and to first order in $m^{-1}_c$, where $m_c$ is the charm quark mass, and $m_q/m_c$ terms are considered. The experimental and lattice QCD results on the charmed meson spectra are employed to fix the large number of counterterms appearing in the effective chiral Lagrangian used in this work. This allows us to test the validity of perturbative expansion of our theory. The results presented in the current paper are useful to other applications of excited charmed and bottom meson systems.
Improved seeds, fertilizer or natural resource management? Evidence from Kenya’s smallholder maize farmers
Creators: name: Wainaina, Priscilla Wairimu
name: Tongruksawattana, Songporne
name: Qaim, Matin
name: Wainaina, Priscilla Wairimu
name: Tongruksawattana, Songporne
name: Qaim, Matin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Technologies
subject: adoption
subject: Multivariate probit

description: There is consensus that adoption of technological improvements is crucial to increasing agricultural productivity and reducing poverty, while sustaining the agro-ecosystems. There is however disagreement as to which type of technologies are well suited in developing countries; external input intensive technologies or low external input/ natural resource management (NRM) technologies. This paper uses plot level survey data collected from all maize growing areas in Kenya and employs a multivariate probit to assess conditions under which different technologies are adopted. We find that indeed the technologies that farmers adopt vary with different conditions ranging from plot level to climatic conditions.
Is the Lightest Kaluza-Klein Particle a Viable Dark Matter Candidate?
Creators: name: Servant, Geraldine
name: Tait, Tim M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In models with universal extra dimensions (i.e. in which all Standard Model fields, including fermions, propagate into compact extra dimensions) momentum conservation in the extra dimensions leads to the conservation of Kaluza--Klein (KK) number at each vertex. KK number is violated by loop effects because of the orbifold imposed to reproduce the chiral Standard Model with zero modes, however, a KK parity remains at any order in perturbation theory which leads to the existence of a stable lightest KK particle (LKP). In addition, the degeneracy in the KK spectrum is lifted by radiative corrections so that all other KK particles eventually decay into the LKP. We investigate cases where the Standard Model lives in five or six dimensions with compactification radius of TeV$^{-1}$ size and the LKP is the first massive state in the KK tower of either the photon or the neutrino. We derive the relic density of the LKP under a variety of assumptions about the spectrum of first tier KK modes. We find that both the KK photon and the KK neutrino, with masses at the TeV scale, may have appropriate annihilation cross sections to account for the dark matter, $Ω_M \sim 0.3$.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures; v2: A couple of references added, a few minor clarifications (on KK parity and on the 6d case)
Social networks and farmer exposure to improved cereal varieties in central Tanzania
Creators: name: Muange, Elijah Nzula
name: Schwarze, Stefan
name: Qaim, Matin
name: Muange, Elijah Nzula
name: Schwarze, Stefan
name: Qaim, Matin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: social networks
subject: exposure
subject: improved varieties
subject: sorghum
subject: maize

description: This study uses probit and Poisson models to analyse the determinants of social network links for the exchange of information among 345 cereal farmers and the effects of social networks on farmer exposure to improved varieties in Central Tanzania. Results show that network links are determined by education, wealth, association membership, geographical proximity, kinship ties, community leadership role, and links to extension officers. Further, farmer networks positively affect the intensity of exposure to seed technologies with mostly missing or malfunctioning markets. Moreover, it is information networks outside a farmer’s village, rather those inside the village, that determine intensity of exposure.