cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Power of Many: Assessing the Economic Impact of the Global Fiscal Stimulus
Creators: name: De Resende, Carlos
name: Lalonde, Rene
name: Snudden, Stephen
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: The Bank of Canada Global Economy Model (BoC-GEM) is used to examine the effect of various types of discretionary fiscal policies on different regions of the globe. The BoC-GEM is a microfounded dynamic stochastic general-equilibrium global model with six regions, multiple sectors, and international linkages. The authors use the model to assess four main fiscal policy concerns: (i) how the effect of an isolated local fiscal stimulus differs from one jointly implemented in all regions; (ii) which regions are most likely to gain from joint fiscal stimuli, and why; (iii) how the impact of fiscal stimulus can differ conditional on how it is implemented, its timing and duration, and its magnitude relative to that of other regions; and (iv) how the impact of fiscal policy is affected by the inability of monetary policy to push nominal interest rates below zero. The authors use their results to gauge the potential effect of fiscal policy initiatives of the G-20 countries in 2009 and 2010.
description: Les auteurs utilisent BOC-GEM, le modèle de l'économie mondiale de la Banque du Canada, pour examiner les effets de diverses politiques budgétaires discrétionnaires sur les différentes régions du monde. BOC-GEM est un modèle d'équilibre général dynamique stochastique qui repose sur des fondements microéconomiques; il compte six blocs régionaux et plusieurs secteurs et intègre des liens internationaux. Les auteurs concentrent leur analyse sur quatre aspects. Ils cherchent à établir : 1) en quoi les retombées de mesures de relance budgétaire purement internes diffèrent de celles de mesures concertées dans l'ensemble des régions; 2) quelles régions sont les plus susceptibles de bénéficier de mesures coordonnées et pourquoi; 3) à quel point les effets d'un programme de relance peuvent dépendre du mode et du moment de sa mise en oeuvre, de sa durée et de son importance par rapport à celle des programmes appliqués ailleurs; 4) si l'incapacité des autorités monétaires à abaisser les taux d'intérêt nominaux au-dessous de zéro modifie les effets de la politique budgétaire. Les auteurs se fondent sur leurs résultats pour évaluer l'incidence potentielle des mesures de relance budgétaire adoptées par les pays du G20 en 2009 et 2010.
Air pollution-Associated changes in biomarkers of diabetes risk
Creators: name: Yanosky, J.D
name: Wellenius, G.A
name: Holliday, K.M
name: Gondalia, R
name: Madrigano, J
name: Lamichhane, A.P
name: Stewart, J.D
name: Shih, R.A
name: Liao, D
name: Whitsel, E.A
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer Health
Year: 2019

description: Background: Ambient particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) air pollution may be diabetogenic. Objective: To examine longitudinal associations of short-and longer-Term mean PM ≤10 μm (PM10), PM ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5), and NOx concentrations with five biomarkers of diabetes risk. Methods: We studied a stratified, random minority oversample of nondiabetic Women's Health Initiative clinical trials participants with biomarkers and geocoded participant address-specific mean air pollution concentrations available at repeated visits (years = 1993-2004; n = 3,915; mean age = 62.7 years; 84% white). We log-Transformed the biomarkers, then used multi-level, mixed-effects, longitudinal models weighted for sampling design/attrition and adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and meteorological covariates to estimate their associations with air pollutants. Results: Biomarkers exhibited null to suggestively negative associations with short-and longer-Term PM10 and NOx concentrations, e.g.,-3.1% (-6.1%, 0.1%), lower homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance per 10 μg/m3 increase in 12-month PM10. A statistically significant interaction by impaired fasting glucose (IFG) at baseline in this analysis indicated potentially adverse effects only among women with versus without IFG, i.e., 1.4% (-3.5%, 6.5%) versus-4.6% (-7.9%,-1.1%), Pinteraction < 0.05. In contrast, longer-Term PM2.5 concentrations were largely but not statistically significantly associated with higher biomarkers. Conclusions: Low-level short-Term PM10 and NOx concentrations may have negligible adverse effects on biomarkers of diabetes risk. Although longer-Term mean PM2.5 concentrations showed primarily null associations with these biomarkers, results suggestively indicated that PM2.5 exposure over the range of concentrations experienced in the United States may adversely affect biomarkers of diabetes risk at the population level, as may longer-Term mean PM10 concentrations among women with IFG.
title: Asset-Liability Management: An Overview
Creators: name: Romanyuk, Yuliya
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: Relevant literature on asset-liability management (ALM) is reviewed and different ALM approaches are discussed that may be of interest to the Bank of Canada for the purpose of modelling the Exchange Fund Account (EFA). The author describes the general idea behind ALM, its pros and cons, risk measures and strategies, as well as some applications. Particular attention is paid to central bank reserves management. Ideas and suggestions are offered for future research on the ALM framework for the EFA.
description: Se fondant sur les travaux pertinents réalisés dans le domaine, l'auteure analyse différentes approches de gestion actif-passif dont la Banque du Canada pourrait s'inspirer pour la modélisation du Compte du fonds des changes. Elle décrit les principes de la gestion actif-passif, ses avantages et ses inconvénients, certaines de ses applications ainsi que les mesures de risque et les stratégies utilisées. Elle accorde une attention particulière à la manière dont les banques centrales gèrent les réserves de change. L'auteure propose des pistes que pourrait prendre la recherche portant sur le cadre de gestion actif-passif du Compte du fonds des changes.
Lepthyphantes luteipes Trilikauskas 2019
Creators: name: Trilikauskas, Laimonas A.
name: Tanasevitch, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Lepthyphantes
Lepthyphantes luteipes

description: Lepthyphantes luteipes Trilikauskas, 2019: 287.
 Material. 1♀ (ISEA), KBR, SE shore of Taimenye Lake, 49°48’08.2”N 85°48’00.5”E, 1551 m a.s.l., 07 – 13.VIII.2019, leg. LT.
 Habitats. Blueberry-green moss spruce forests.
 Range. East Palaearctic.
description: Published as part of Trilikauskas, Laimonas A. & Tanasevitch, Andrei V., 2021, New Data On Spider Fauna Of The Katunskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Altai, Russia), With Description Of The Male Oreonetides Sajanensis Eskov, 1991 (Arachnida: Araneae), pp. 137-153 in Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 21 (2) on page 143, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12649834
title: Evaluating the Effect of the Bank of Canada's Conditional Commitment Policy
Creators: name: He, Zhongfang
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: The author evaluates the effect of the Bank of Canada's conditional commitment regarding the target overnight rate on longer-term market interest rates by taking into account the relationship between interest rates, inflation, and unemployment rates. By using vector autoregressive models of monthly interest rates, month-over-month inflation, and unemployment rates for Canada and the United States, the author finds that the Canadian 1-year treasury bill rates and 1-year forward 3-month rates have generally been lower than their model-implied values since April 2009, while the difference between the U.S. realized rates and their model-implied values has been much smaller. The author also studies the effect of the conditional commitment on longer-term government bond yields with maturities of 2, 5, and 10 years, and finds lower actual Canadian longer-term interest rates than their model-implied values, though their difference diminishes as the maturities become longer. The evidence appears to suggest that the Bank of Canada's conditional commitment likely has produced a persistent effect in lowering Canadian interest rates relative to what their historical relationship with inflation and unemployment rates would imply. However, this finding is not statistically strong and is subject to caveats such as possible in-sample model instability and the dependence of the results on the choice of inflation variable.
description: L'auteur tente d'évaluer l'incidence que l'engagement conditionnel de la Banque du Canada à l'égard du taux cible du financement à un jour a pu avoir sur les taux du marché à plus long terme. Pour ce faire, il examine la relation entre les taux d'intérêt, l'inflation et le taux de chômage au moyen de modèles vectoriels autorégressifs formalisant l'évolution mensuelle des taux d'intérêt, de l'inflation et des taux de chômage au Canada et aux États-Unis. Il constate qu'au Canada, les taux des bons du Trésor à un an et les taux à trois mois anticipés à l'horizon d'un an ont en général été inférieurs depuis avril 2009 à ceux que génèrent les modèles, alors qu'aux États-Unis, la différence entre les taux réalisés et les valeurs issues des modèles est beaucoup plus faible. L'auteur étudie aussi l'effet de l'engagement conditionnel des autorités sur les rendements des obligations d'État à 2, 5 et 10 ans. Les taux d'intérêt canadiens à moyen et long terme sont plus bas que ceux prévus par les modèles, mais l'écart se rétrécit à mesure que l'échéance s'éloigne. Il semble donc que l'engagement conditionnel pris par la Banque se soit traduit par une diminution durable des taux canadiens par rapport à ce que leur relation passée avec les taux d'inflation et de chômage laissait présager. Ce résultat n'est cependant pas très significatif. Il pourrait être dû à une instabilité du modèle sur échantillon et est sensible au choix de la variable relative à l'inflation.
Delta de Saussure 1855
Creators: name: Carpenter, James M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Delta

description: Genus Delta de Saussure
Delta de Saussure 1855: 130, 132, 143, name for divisions II and III of genus Eumenes Latreille in de Saussure 1852, loc. cit. 1: 44, 60.
Type species: Vespa maxillosa DeGeer 1775 [= Vespa emarginata Linnaeus, 1758], by subsequent designation of Bequaert 1925b: 137 [erroneously as Sphex maxillosus DeGeer, correctly in 1926b: 487]. Erinys Zirngiebl 1953: 173, subgenus of Eumenes Latreille [junior homonym of Erinys Rye 1876].
Type species: Vespa unguiculata Villers, 1789, by monotypy. Alfieria Giordani Soika 1934b: 436, genus.
Type species: Eumenes anomalus Zavattari 1909, by original designation and monotypy.
description: Published as part of Carpenter, James M., 2023, A Catalogue of the Pacific Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), pp. 401-455 in Zootaxa 5315 (5) on page 402, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5315.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8142377
Aplocnemus (Aplocnemus) corcyricus Miller 1866
Creators: name: Liberti, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Dasytidae
Aplocnemus
Aplocnemus corcyricus

description: Aplocnemus (Aplocnemus) corcyricus Miller, 1866
Haplocnemus corcyricus Miller, 1866: 818, loc. typ. Kerkyra; Pic, 1937: 33; Peacock, 1987: 154 [Aplocnemus]; Liberti, 1995: 181; Mayor, 2007: 410; Liberti & Zinetti, 2009: 47.
The lectotypus of this species has been recently defined (Liberti & Zinetti 2009: 47): a female specimen believed to be part of the Miller’s typical series. A full description, with drawings, of A. (A.) corcyricus can be found in Liberti (1995: 181, Figs. 10, 47, 48).
Distribution and comments - A trans-Ionian species, only known of Kerkyra Island in Greece and southern Italy, Sicily included. It is characterised by the clearly pectinate antennae, the size and the pitchy black colour of the whole body, legs and antennae included. The similar A. (A.) serratus, which can be found on Kerkyra as well, is smaller, with antennae strongly serrate (or feebly pectinate), body colour bluish-black and the basal antennal articles often more or less reddish.
Materials studied
Greece Kerkyra prov.: Kerkyra (Hicker,?, NHMB; Miller,?, NHMW; Polatschek,?, NHMW; Woerz,?, CLi; Köstlin, 1985, CCO*); Gastouri (Winkler,?, NHMB); Mount Deka (Woerz,?, NHMB); Potamos (?,?, NHMB).
This species is also present in southern Italy and in Sicily. The known localities in these Countries can be found in Liberti (1995) and in Liberti & Zinetti (2009).
description: Published as part of Liberti, Gianfranco, 2019, The Aplocnemus Stephens, 1830, of Greece (Coleoptera, Cleroidea, Dasytidae). A contribution to their knowledge, pp. 3-26 in Natural History Sciences 6 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2019.389, http://zenodo.org/record/12523865
title: Nowcasting the Global Economy
Creators: name: Rossiter, James
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: Forecasts of global economic activity and inflation are important inputs when conducting monetary policy in small open economies such as Canada. As part of the Bank of Canada's broad agenda to augment its short-term forecasting tools, the author constructs simple mixed-frequency forecasting equations for quarterly global output, imports, and inflation using the monthly global Purchasing Managers Index (PMI). When compared against two benchmark models, the results show that the PMIs are useful for forecasting developments in the global economy. As the forecasts are updated throughout the quarter with the monthly release of the PMI, forecasting performance generally improves. An analysis of the forecasts over the period of the Great Recession (in particular, 2008Q4 to 2009Q2) shows that, while models that include the "soft" PMI indicators did not fully capture the sharp deterioration in the global economy, they nevertheless improved the forecasts relative to the benchmark models. This finding highlights the usefulness of such indicators for short-term forecasting.
description: Les prévisions de l'activité économique et de l'inflation à l'échelle mondiale sont des intrants importants dans la conduite de la politique monétaire au sein des petites économies ouvertes comme celle du Canada. Dans le cadre du vaste programme que s'est donné la Banque du Canada pour étoffer ses outils de prévision à court terme, l'auteur construit des équations de prévision simples à fréquence mixte pour la production, les importations et l'inflation mondiales trimestrielles en utilisant les indices des directeurs d'achats (indices PMI) mondiaux mensuels. La comparaison des résultats à ceux de deux modèles de référence montre que les indices PMI sont utiles pour prévoir l'évolution de l'économie mondiale. À mesure que les prévisions sont mises à jour tout au long du trimestre en fonction des indices PMI diffusés mensuellement, leur qualité s'améliore de façon générale. L'analyse des prévisions durant la période de la Grande Récession (en particulier du quatrième trimestre de 2008 au deuxième trimestre de 2009) révèle que, même si les modèles intégrant les indicateurs qualitatifs des indices PMI n'ont pas rendu pleinement compte de la brusque détérioration de l'économie mondiale, ils ont néanmoins permis d'améliorer la qualité des prévisions par rapport aux modèles de référence. Cette conclusion fait ressortir l'utilité de tels indicateurs dans l'établissement des prévisions à court terme.
Leptorhoptrum robustum Trilikauskas 2019
Creators: name: Trilikauskas, Laimonas A.
name: Tanasevitch, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Leptorhoptrum
Leptorhoptrum robustum

description: Leptorhoptrum robustum Trilikauskas, 2019: 287.
 Material. 1♂ & 3♀ (ISEA), KBR, env. of Taimenye Lake, floodplain of Kharyuzovka River, 49°48’53.6”N 85°47’42.0”E, 1652 m a.s.l., 11.VIII.2019, leg. LT; 1♀ (ISEA), KBR, upper reaches of Katun River Valley, floodplain of Zaichikha River, 100–150 m upstream of its mouth, 15.VIII. 2020, leg. LT.
 Habitats. Dry riverbeds on small islands and pebble river banks in litter.
 Range. Palaearctic-West Nearctic.
description: Published as part of Trilikauskas, Laimonas A. & Tanasevitch, Andrei V., 2021, New Data On Spider Fauna Of The Katunskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Altai, Russia), With Description Of The Male Oreonetides Sajanensis Eskov, 1991 (Arachnida: Araneae), pp. 137-153 in Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 21 (2) on pages 143-144, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12649834
title: Liquidity, Risk, and Return: Specifying an Objective Function for the Management of Foreign Reserves
Creators: name: Romanyuk, Yuliya
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: An objective function is a key component of a strategic portfolio management model used to determine the optimal allocations of assets and, possibly, their associated liabilities over some investment horizon. The author discusses investment philosophies and perspectives for the management of foreign reserves, and investigates how to translate the three common policy objectives for reserves (liquidity, safety, and return) into objective functions for strategic reserves management. Stochastic programming is identified as an advantageous modelling framework to capture the objectives of foreign reserves management, and a strategic reserves management model is illustrated that trades off expected net returns with costs and liquidity issues related to a potential liquidation of a portion of the portfolio.
description: Une fonction objectif est une composante essentielle d'un modèle stratégique de gestion de portefeuille visant à déterminer la répartition optimale des actifs et, éventuellement, des passifs connexes sur un horizon de placement donné. L'auteure se penche sur diverses philosophies de placement et des démarches adaptées à la gestion des réserves de change, et étudie la façon de traduire les trois objectifs poursuivis traditionnellement dans la gestion stratégique des réserves de change (soit la liquidité, la sûreté et le rendement) en des fonctions objectifs facilitant celle-ci. Elle établit que la programmation stochastique est un cadre de modélisation intéressant pour saisir ces objectifs et, pour illustrer son propos, elle présente un modèle stratégique de gestion des réserves qui permet d'exercer un arbitrage entre le rendement net attendu et les coûts et problèmes de liquidité associés à la liquidation potentielle d'une partie du portefeuille.
Ambient air pollution and lung cancer risk among never-smokers in the Women's Health Initiative
Creators: name: Mirabelli, M.C
name: Anderson, G
name: Bird, C.E
name: Margolis, H.G
name: Whitsel, E.A
name: Kaufman, J.D
name: Lane, D
name: Bhatti, P
name: Bonner, M.R
name: Gowda, S.N
name: Deroos, A.J
name: Hunt, R.P
name: Gassett, A.J
Publisher: name: Wolters Kluwer Health
Year: 2019

description: Background: Ambient air pollution is classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). However, epidemiologic studies supporting this classification have focused on lung cancer mortality rather than incidence, and spatial and temporal resolutions of exposure estimates have varied considerably across studies. Methods: We evaluated the association of outdoor air pollution and lung cancer incidence among never-smoking participants of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study, a large, US-based cohort of postmenopausal women (N = 65,419; 265 cases). We used geospatial models to estimate exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) based on residential addresses at baseline and throughout follow-up. We also characterized exposures to traffic-related air pollution by proximity to major roadways. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for the risk of lung cancer in association with these exposure metrics using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: No compelling associations of PM2.5 and NO2 exposures with lung cancer risk were observed. An increased risk of lung cancer was observed when comparing those individuals with residences <50 versus ≥200 meters from a primary limited access highway (HR = 5.23; 95% confidence interval = 1.94, 14.13). Conclusions: Our results do not exclude lung cancer risk estimates observed in association with PM2.5 and NO2 exposures identified in previous studies. Our results suggest that residential proximity to major roadways may be a proxy for carcinogenic exposures not correlated with PM2.5 or NO2 levels. New studies of air pollution and lung cancer incidence should characterize additional aspects of proximity to major roadways.
title: Losses from Simulated Defaults in Canada's Large Value Transfer System
Creators: name: Zhang, Nellie
name: Hossfeld, Tom
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: The Large Value Transfer System (LVTS) loss-sharing mechanism was designed to ensure that, in the event of a one-participant default, the collateral pledged by direct members of the system would be sufficient to cover the largest possible net debit position of a defaulting participant. However, the situation may not hold if the indirect effects of the defaults are taken into consideration, or if two participants default during the same payment cycle. The authors examine surviving participant total losses under both oneand two-participant default conditions, assuming the potential knock-on effects of the default. Their analysis includes the impact of a decline in value of LVTS collateral following an unexpected default.

Simulations of participant defaults indicate that the impact on the LVTS is generally small; surviving participants do incur end-of-day collateral shortfalls, but only rarely and in small amounts. Under the two-participant default scenario, the likelihood of the Bank of Canada having to provide funds to ensure LVTS settlement is reasonably low, as is the average residual-coverage amount. The majority of LVTS participants pledge as collateral securities issued by other system members. However, the impact of an issuer of such collateral defaulting is generally not significant in the LVTS.
description: Le mécanisme de répartition des pertes que comporte le Système de transfert de paiements de grande valeur (STPGV) a été conçu pour qu'en cas de défaillance d'un participant, les garanties données par les participants directs suffisent à couvrir la position débitrice nette la plus élevée possible du défaillant. Toutefois, si l'on prend en compte les répercussions indirectes des défaillances, ou si deux participants font défaut pendant un même cycle de paiement, il se peut que ce garde-fou ne tienne plus. En choisissant de tenir compte des effets en chaîne potentiels, les auteurs analysent le montant total des pertes subies par les participants solvables dans l'éventualité d'une défaillance aussi bien de la part d'un participant que de deux participants. L'analyse porte également sur l'incidence que pourrait avoir, après une défaillance imprévue, une diminution de la valeur des nantissements offerts dans le cadre du STPGV.

Des simulations de défaillances indiquent que les conséquences sont généralement modestes pour le STPGV; les participants solvables se trouvent certes à court de garanties en fin de journée, mais seulement en de rares occasions et pour des montants peu élevés. Dans le cas où deux participants connaîtraient une défaillance, la probabilité que la Banque du Canada se voie dans l'obligation de fournir des fonds pour garantir le règlement est raisonnablement faible, tout comme le montant moyen des garanties résiduelles. Même si la majorité des participants au STPGV donnent en nantissement des titres émis par d'autres participants, la défaillance de l'un de ces émetteurs n'a dans l'ensemble pas d'impact important à l'intérieur du STPGV.
Cohort profile: The national longitudinal study of adolescent to adult health (Add Health)
Creators: name: Whitsel, E.A
name: Halpern, C.T
name: Killeya-Jones, L.A
name: Dean, S.C
name: Harris, K.M
name: Tabor, J
name: Hussey, J.M
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2019

description: Why was the cohort set up? The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) was developed in the 1990s in response to a mandate from the United States Congress to fund a study of adolescent health, and was designed by a team of multidisciplinary investigators from the social, behavioural and biomedical sciences. The original purpose of Add Health was to understand the causes of adolescent health and health behaviour, with special emphasis on the multiple contexts of adolescent life. To achieve this scientific goal, Add Health sampled the school and family environments in which young people live their lives, which included data on peer relationship dyads, parents, siblings, neighbourhoods and communities, and provides independent and direct measurement of these complex environments over time. As the cohort transitioned into adulthood, research objectives turned to understanding how adolescent experiences, behaviours and contexts are linked to health and achievement outcomes in adulthood, and the name of the study was officially changed to The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health in 2014.
Macrargus multesimus Levina & Mikhailov 2004
Creators: name: Trilikauskas, Laimonas A.
name: Tanasevitch, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Macrargus
Macrargus multesimus

description: Macrargus multesimus Levina & Mikhailov, 2004: 45.
 Material. 2♂ (ISEA), KBR, upper reaches of Katun’ River, 3 km NE of Zaichikha Ranger Station, 49°36’25.6”N 85°44’13.4”E, 16.VIII.2020, leg. LT.
 Habitats. Abies sibirica green moss forests.
 Range. Holarctic.
description: Published as part of Trilikauskas, Laimonas A. & Tanasevitch, Andrei V., 2021, New Data On Spider Fauna Of The Katunskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Altai, Russia), With Description Of The Male Oreonetides Sajanensis Eskov, 1991 (Arachnida: Araneae), pp. 137-153 in Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 21 (2) on page 144, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12649834
title: The Macroeconomic Implications of Changes in Bank Capital and Liquidity Requirements in Canada: Insights from the BoC-GEM-FIN
Creators: name: de Resende, Carlos
name: Dib, Ali
name: Perevalov, Nikita
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: The authors use simulations within the BoC-GEM-FIN, the Bank of Canada's version of the Global Economy Model with financial frictions in both the demand and supply sides of the credit market, to investigate the macroeconomic implications of changing bank regulations on the Canadian economy. Specifically, they compute short- and long-run impacts on key macroeconomic and financial variables following increases in the minimum required capital and liquidity ratios. The results indicate that, while long-run effects on bank loans, lending spreads, investment, and output are modest, the short-run effects are non-negligible. In addition, the time horizon for implementing the regulatory changes and the response of monetary policy substantially affect the macroeconomic outcomes. Finally, increasing the required bank capital ratio in other economies roughly doubles the size and duration of the economic downturn in Canada, compared to the case where the increase is implemented only in the Canadian banking sector.
description: Les auteurs mènent des simulations au moyen de BOC-GEM-FIN – la version du modèle de l'économie mondiale de la Banque du Canada (BOC-GEM) qui intègre des frictions financières du côté tant de l'offre que de la demande de crédit – dans le but d'analyser les répercussions qu'auraient des modifications de la réglementation bancaire dans l'économie canadienne. Ils calculent plus précisément les effets à court terme et à long terme de hausses des ratios minimaux de fonds propres et de liquidité sur certaines variables macroéconomiques et financières clés. D'après les résultats de leurs simulations, même si, en longue période, les conséquences pour les prêts bancaires, les marges d'intermédiation, l'investissement et la production sont modestes, en courte période, elles ne sont pas négligeables. En outre, le délai de mise en oeuvre des modifications réglementaires et le temps de réaction de la politique monétaire ont une incidence appréciable sur le plan macroéconomique. Enfin, le ralentissement de l'activité au Canada est en gros deux fois plus prononcé et dure deux fois plus longtemps si le ratio réglementaire des fonds propres bancaires est également relevé à l'étranger, au lieu de l'être seulement au pays.
title: Market Expectations and Option Prices: Evidence for the Can$/US$ Exchange Rate
Creators: name: Garcia, Alejandro
name: Prokopiw, Andrei
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: Security prices contain valuable information that can be used to make a wide variety of economic decisions. To extract this information, a model is required that relates market prices to the desired information, and that ideally can be implemented using timely and low-cost methods. The authors explore two models applied to option prices to extract the risk-neutral probability density function (R-PDF) of the expected Can$/US$ exchange rate. Each of the two models extends the Black-Scholes model by using a mixture of two lognormals for the terminal distribution, instead of a single lognormal: one mixed lognormal imposes a specific stochastic process for the underlying asset, and the other does not. The contribution of the paper is to propose a simple methodology to build R-PDFs with a constant time to maturity in the absence of option prices for the maturity of interest. The authors apply this methodology and find that the two models provide similar results for the degree of uncertainty (i.e., the variance) surrounding the future level of the exchange rate, but differ on the likely direction of the exchange rate movements (i.e., the skewness).
description: Les prix des titres renferment une information très utile pouvant servir à des décisions économiques multiples. Cette information est extraite au moyen d’un modèle qui met en relation les prix du marché avec les renseignements voulus et dont la mise en oeuvre repose idéalement sur des méthodes rapides et peu coûteuses. Les auteurs comparent deux modèles appliqués à des prix d’options afin de trouver la densité de probabilité neutre à l’égard du risque (DPNR) correspondant au taux de change anticipé entre le dollar canadien et le dollar américain. Chaque modèle développe l’équation de Black et Scholes en combinant deux distributions lognormales pour obtenir la distribution finale, au lieu d’employer une distribution lognormale simple. L’une des distributions combinées impose à la trajectoire de l’actif sous-jacent un processus stochastique, contrairement à l’autre. L’originalité de l’étude réside dans le fait qu’elle propose, en l’absence de prix d’options pour l’échéance considérée, une méthode d’élaboration simplifiée des DPNR dans laquelle l’intervalle avant échéance est constant. L’application de cette méthode révèle que les deux modèles fournissent des résultats similaires pour le degré d’incertitude (variance) qui entoure le taux de change futur, mais différents pour le sens probable des mouvements de change (asymétrie).
title: Le pouvoir de prévision des indices PMI
Creators: name: Godbout, Claudia
name: Jacob, Jocelyn
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: The forecast of world economic growth plays a key role in the conduct of Canadian monetary policy. In this context, the authors study the usefulness of the monthly Purchasing Managers’ Indexes (PMIs) in predicting short-term real GDP growth in the euro area, Japan, the United Kingdom, and China, as well as in the world economy. The main advantage of the PMIs lies in the timeliness of their releases compared to that of quarterly national accounts data and other related monthly indicators. The authors’ goal is to assess whether PMIs can help predict real GDP growth at the margin of other traditional monthly indicators (on top of the advantage related to their timeliness). To that end, the authors build simple indicator models and verify whether the addition of PMIs improves the in- and out-of-sample predictions. For all economies, PMIs turn out to be significant explanatory variables and to substantially improve the accuracy of predictions.
description: L'évolution de la croissance de l'économie mondiale joue un rôle crucial dans la conduite de la politique monétaire canadienne. À cet égard, les auteurs étudient l'utilité des indices mensuels des directeurs d'achats (PMI) pour la prévision de la croissance du PIB réel à court terme de la zone euro, du Japon, du Royaume-Uni, de la Chine, ainsi que de l'économie mondiale. Les indices PMI mensuels ont comme principal avantage d'être diffusés très rapidement comparativement aux données trimestrielles des comptes nationaux et aux autres indicateurs mensuels. L'objectif des auteurs consiste à déterminer si en plus de leur rapidité de diffusion, ces indices comportent de l'information permettant de prévoir la croissance du PIB réel, au-delà de celle contenue dans d'autres indicateurs généralement suivis. Pour ce faire, ils utilisent des modèles indicateurs simples et vérifient si l'inclusion des indices PMI permet d'améliorer les prévisions intra-échantillon et hors échantillon. Les auteurs concluent que les indices PMI ont un caractère statistiquement significatif et que leur prise en compte améliore considérablement la qualité des prévisions pour toutes les économies.
Rural-urban residence and stage at breast cancer diagnosis among postmenopausal women: The women's health initiative
Creators: name: Booza, J
name: Cote, M.L
name: Lehman, A
name: Roseland, M.E
name: Mustafaa, F.N
name: Sealy-Jefferson, S
name: Simon, M.S
name: Whitsel, E.A
Publisher: name: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Background: Although social exposures have complex and dynamic relationships and interactions, the existing literature on the impact of rural-urban residence on stage at breast cancer diagnosis does not examine heterogeneity of effect. We examined the joint effect of social support, social relationship strain, and rural-urban residence on stage at breast cancer diagnosis. Methods: Using data from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) (n = 161,808), we describe the distribution of social, behavioral, and clinical factors by rural-urban residence among postmenopausal women with incident breast cancer (n = 7,120). We used rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) codes to categorize baseline residential addresses as urban, large rural city/town, or small rural town, and the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results staging system to categorize breast cancer stage at diagnosis (dichotomized as early or late). We then used univariable and multivariable logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the relationship between rural-urban residence and stage at breast cancer diagnosis. We included separate interaction terms between rural-urban residence and social strain and social support to test for statistical interaction. Results: Of the social, behavioral, and clinical factors we examined, only younger age at WHI enrollment screening was significantly associated with late stage at breast cancer diagnosis (p = 0.003). Contrary to our hypothesis, rural-urban residence was not significantly associated with stage at breast cancer diagnosis among postmenopausal women ([adjusted OR, 95% CI] for urban compared with small town: 1.08 [0.76-1.53]; large town compared with small town: 1.16 [0.74-1.84]; and urban compared with large town: 0.93 [0.68-1.26]).The associations did not vary by social support or social strain (p for interaction between RUCA and social strain and social support, respectively: 0.99 and 0.17). Conclusions: Future studies should examine other potential effect modifiers to identify novel factors predictive or protective for late stage at breast cancer diagnosis associated with rural-urban residence.
Aplocnemus (Aplocnemus) integer Baudi 1874
Creators: name: Liberti, Gianfranco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Dasytidae
Aplocnemus
Aplocnemus integer

description: Aplocnemus (Aplocnemus) integer Baudi, 1874
Haplocnemus integer Baudi, 1874: 302, loc. typ. Pavia (Lombardy, I); Pic, 1937: 36; Kaszab, 1955: 106; Allenspach & Wittmer, 1979: 100; Majer, 1982: 437 [Aplocnemus]; Peacock, 1987: 154; Liberti, 1995: 182; Kolibac et al., 2005: 153; Constantin, 2007: 162; Mayor, 2007: 411; Constantin & Liberti, 2011: 52, 56, 134, 136, Fig. 99, pl. 19 fig. 76.
A syntype, ♂, of this species is in collection Baudi, at MRSN. The specimen is in rather bad conditions, abdomen lacking. However it is well recognizable by the blue integuments colour and the elongated body shape.The previous interpretations of this species (Majer, 1982; Liberti, 1995) are here confirmed. Description, drawings and further collection localities can be found in Majer (1982), Liberti (1995: 182, Figs. 49, 50), Constantin (2007) and Constantin & Liberti (2011).
Distribution and comments - An usually uncommon species (but, sometimes, found in numbers) living in central Europe, Corsica, the whole of Italy (not in Sicily and Sardinia) and the Balkans. Its presence in Turkey, witnessed only by one female specimen, should be confirmed.
Materials studied
Romania Turda (Zoufal,?, MSNM).
Greece Imathia prov.: Kato Vermio (Schawaller, 1994, SMNS). Thessaloniki prov.: Asprovalta (Wolsch, 2010, CWo). Halkidiki prov.: Olimbiada (Riedel, 1990, SMNS); Stagira (Bergeal, 2001, CCo)*. Serres prov.: Kerkini (Umlauf, 2014, CKo)(F). Kavala prov.: Hrissoupoli (Bense, 1994, SMNS). Xanthi prov.: Nestos river mouth (Bense, 1990, SMNS).
Turkey Manisa prov.: Akcakertikbeli Gecidi near Demirci: 1♀ (Angelini, 2011, CLi)(F).
description: Published as part of Liberti, Gianfranco, 2019, The Aplocnemus Stephens, 1830, of Greece (Coleoptera, Cleroidea, Dasytidae). A contribution to their knowledge, pp. 3-26 in Natural History Sciences 6 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.4081/nhs.2019.389, http://zenodo.org/record/12523865
An integrative cross-omics analysis of DNA methylation sites of glucose and insulin homeostasis
Creators: name: Carnero-Montoro, E
name: Uitterlinden, A.G
name: de Geus, E.J.C
name: Ligthart, S
name: Whitsel, E.A
name: Bandinelli, S
name: Isaacs, A.
name: van Dijk, K.W
name: van Meurs, J.B.J.
name: Peters, M.J
name: Hidalgo, B.A
name: Bell, J.T.
name: Rotter, J.I.
name: Meigs, J.B.
name: Moore, A.Z
name: van Duijn, C.M.
name: Martin, T.C
name: Hou, L
name: Herder, C
name: Tsai, P.-C
name: Arnett, D.K
name: Grallert, H
name: Duijts, L
name: Liu, J
name: Tiemeier, H
name: Hwang, S.-J
name: van Dongen, J
name: Sijbrands, E.J.G
name: Lemaitre, R.N
name: Dehghan, A
name: Sotoodehnia, N
name: Amin, N
name: Boomsma, D.I.
name: Tanaka, T
name: Smith, J.A
name: Felix, J.F
name: Demirkan, A.
name: Lent, S
name: Baccarelli, A
name: Salfati, E.L
name: Pankow, J.S.
name: Mandaviya, P.R
name: Hivert, M.-F.
name: Dupuis, J
name: Assimes, T.L
name: Willemsen, G
name: Nedeljkovic, I
name: Franco, O.H
name: Jhun, M.A
name: Gondalia, R
name: Ferrucci, L
name: Jansen, R
name: Chu, A.Y
name: Spector, T.D
name: Levy, D
name: Jaddoe, V.W.V
name: Bressler, J.
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Despite existing reports on differential DNA methylation in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity, our understanding of its functional relevance remains limited. Here we show the effect of differential methylation in the early phases of T2D pathology by a blood-based epigenome-wide association study of 4808 non-diabetic Europeans in the discovery phase and 11,750 individuals in the replication. We identify CpGs in LETM1, RBM20, IRS2, MAN2A2 and the 1q25.3 region associated with fasting insulin, and in FCRL6, SLAMF1, APOBEC3H and the 15q26.1 region with fasting glucose. In silico cross-omics analyses highlight the role of differential methylation in the crosstalk between the adaptive immune system and glucose homeostasis. The differential methylation explains at least 16.9% of the association between obesity and insulin. Our study sheds light on the biological interactions between genetic variants driving differential methylation and gene expression in the early pathogenesis of T2D.
A Catalog of Transformations to Remove Smells From Natural Language Tests
Creators: name: Aranda, Manoel
name: Oliveira, Naelson
name: Soares, Elvys
name: Ribeiro, Márcio
name: Romão, Davi
name: Patriota, Ullyanne
name: Gheyi, Rohit
name: Souza, Emerson
name: Machado, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.5

description: Test smells can pose difficulties during testing activities, such as poor maintainability, non-deterministic behavior, and incomplete verification. Existing research has extensively addressed test smells in automated software tests but little attention has been given to smells in natural language tests. While some research has identified and catalogued such smells, there is a lack of systematic approaches for their removal. Consequently, there is also a lack of tools to automatically identify and remove natural language test smells. This paper introduces a catalog of transformations designed to remove seven natural language test smells and a companion tool implemented using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Our work aims to enhance the quality and reliability of natural language tests during software development. The research employs a two-fold empirical strategy to evaluate its contributions. First, a survey involving 15 software testing professionals assesses the acceptance and usefulness of the catalog's transformations. Second, an empirical study evaluates our tool to remove natural language test smells by analyzing a sample of real-practice tests from the Ubuntu OS. The results indicate that software testing professionals find the transformations valuable. Additionally, the automated tool demonstrates a good level of precision, as evidenced by a F-Measure rate of 83.70%
description: Distinguished Paper Award at International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering (EASE), 2024 edition
Maro sibiricus Eskov 1980
Creators: name: Trilikauskas, Laimonas A.
name: Tanasevitch, Andrei V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Maro
Maro sibiricus

description: Maro sibiricus Eskov, 1980 *
 Material. 1♀ (ISEA), KBR, upper reaches of Katun River Valley, downstream of Zaichikha River, 500 m E of its mouth, 19.VIII.2020, leg. LT.
 Habitats. Green moss spruce forests.
 Range. Siberian.
description: Published as part of Trilikauskas, Laimonas A. & Tanasevitch, Andrei V., 2021, New Data On Spider Fauna Of The Katunskiy State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Altai, Russia), With Description Of The Male Oreonetides Sajanensis Eskov, 1991 (Arachnida: Araneae), pp. 137-153 in Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 21 (2) on page 144, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.12649834
Association between DNA methylation in obesity-related genes and body mass index percentile in adolescents
Creators: name: Bixler, E.O
name: Berg, A
name: Imamura Kawasawa, Y
name: Whitsel, E.A
name: Liao, D.
name: Fernandez-Mendoza, J
name: He, F
Publisher: name: Nature Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Childhood obesity remains an epidemic in the U.S. and worldwide. However, little is understood regarding the epigenetic basis of obesity in adolescents. To investigate the cross-sectional association between DNA methylation level in obesity-related genes and body mass index (BMI) percentile, data from 263 adolescents in the population-based Penn State Child Cohort follow-up exam was analysed. Using DNA extracted from peripheral leukocytes, epigenome-wide single nucleotide resolution of DNA methylation in cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites and surrounding regions was obtained. We used multivariable-adjusted linear regression models to assess the association between site-specific methylation level and age- and sex-specific BMI percentile. Hypergeometric and permutation tests were used to determine if obesity-related genes were significantly enriched among all intragenic sites that achieved a p < 0.05 throughout the epigenome. Among the 5,669 sites related to BMI percentile with p < 0.05, 28 were identified within obesity-related genes. Obesity-related genes were significantly enriched among 103,466 intragenic sites (P hypergeometric = 0.006; P permutation = 0.006). Moreover, increased methylation on one site within SIM1 was significantly related to higher BMI percentile (P = 4.2E-05). If externally validated, our data would suggest that DNA methylation in obesity-related genes may relate to obesity risk in adolescents.
title: The Fisher BCPI: The Bank of Canada’s New Commodity Price Index
Creators: name: Kolet, Ilan
name: Macdonald, Ryan
Publisher: name: Bank of Canada
Year: 2010

description: The prices of commodities produced in Canada have important implications for the performance of the Canadian economy and the conduct of monetary policy. The authors explain an important change to the methodology used to construct the Bank of Canada commodity price index (BCPI). Since its inception, the BCPI has been a fixed-weight index of commodity prices, with weights that were updated roughly once a decade. Such indexes are subject to bias, because output shares change over time. In this paper, the authors use the chain Fisher index method to update the production weights on an annual basis, and expand the BCPI to include a broader set of commodities. They find that the new index, called the Fisher BCPI, is more comprehensive, flexible, and accurate than the fixed-weight index.
description: L’évolution des prix des matières premières produites au Canada revêt une grande importance pour la tenue de l’économie canadienne et la conduite de la politique monétaire. Les auteurs décrivent un changement majeur qui a été apporté à la méthodologie qui sert à construire l’indice des prix des produits de base (IPPB) de la Banque du Canada. Depuis sa création, l’IPPB est fondé sur des pondérations fixes, qui ont été rajustées environ une fois tous les dix ans. De tels indices comportent un biais, car la composition de la production n’est pas stable dans le temps. Dans leur étude, les auteurs ont recours à une formule d’indice en chaîne de Fisher pour actualiser annuellement les pondérations relatives à la production. De plus, ils élargissent l’IPPB pour y intégrer une gamme plus vaste de produits de base. Ils notent que le nouvel indice, appelé « IPPB Fisher », est plus complet, flexible et exact que le précédent à pondérations fixes.