cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
IMPLEMENTING PLAY-BASED LEARNING APPROACHES IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE SKILLS TO PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Creators: name: Xolmatova, Shahrizoda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This thesis explores the implementation of play-based learning approaches in the context of teaching English language skills to primary school students. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence, this study examines the benefits, challenges, and strategies associated with integrating play-based pedagogy into the English language curriculum. Through a review of literature, case studies, and practical considerations, this thesis offers insights into how educators can effectively harness the power of play to enhance language acquisition and foster holistic development among young learners.
Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Machine Learning Trained on Brain Morphometry and White Matter Connectomes
Creators: Wang, Yun
Xu, Chenxiao
Park, Ji-Hwan
Lee, Seonjoo
Stern, Yaakov
Yoo, Shinjae
Kim, Jong Hun
Kim, Hyoung Seop
Cha, Jiook
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Neurology
Alzheimer's disease
Magnetic resonance imaging
Brain mapping
Machine learning

description: Accurate, reliable prediction of risk for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is essential for early, diseasemodifying therapeutics. Multimodal MRI, such as structural and diffusion MRI, is likely to contain complementary information of neurodegenerative processes in AD. Here we tested the utility of commonly available multimodal MRI (T1-weighted structure and diffusion MRI), combined with high-throughput brain phenotyping—morphometry and connectomics—and machine learning, as a diagnostic tool for AD. We used, firstly, a clinical cohort at a dementia clinic (study 1: Ilsan Dementia Cohort; N=211; 110 AD, 64 mild cognitive impairment [MCI], and 37 subjective memory complaints [SMC]) to test and validate the diagnostic models; and, secondly, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)-2 (study 2) to test the generalizability of the approach and the prognostic models with longitudinal follow up data. Our machine learning models trained on the morphometric and connectome estimates (number of features=34,646) showed optimal classification accuracy (AD/SMC: 97% accuracy, MCI/SMC: 83% accuracy; AD/MCI: 97% accuracy) with iterative nested cross-validation in a single-site study, outperforming the benchmark model (FLAIR-based white matter hyperintensity volumes). In a generalizability study using ADNI-2, the combined connectome and morphometry model showed similar or superior accuracies (AD/HC: 96%; MCI/HC: 70%; AD/MCI: 75% accuracy) as CSF biomarker model (t-tau, p-tau, and Amyloid β, and ratios). We also predicted MCI to AD progression with 69% accuracy, compared with the 70% accuracy using CSF biomarker model. The optimal classification accuracy in a single-site dataset and the reproduced results in multisite dataset show the feasibility of the high-throughput imaging analysis of multimodal MRI and data-driven machine learning for predictive modeling in AD.
بررسی مفهوم نجات در مثنوی مولانا
Creators: name: Shahangian, Noori Sadat
name: Habibi, Haana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: نجات
مولوی
مثنوی
ایمان
علم

description: This article surveys the concept of salvation , the effective factors and obstacles in achieving it from Molana’s view. In Mathnavi- Ma'navi, salvation means to liberation from any kind of spiritual sufferings, acheivment nearness and unity with God and anihiliation the wayfarer in His substance .In his view it is possible to attaining salvation by one’s struggle , holding shari’a, mystical practicing ,self-purification through good deeds, getting moral vertues. Besides the world and materiality ,he considered metaphysical and moral evils such as devil ,ego, sin ,ignorance as the obstacles to the attainment of salvation This article surveys the concept of salvation , the effective factors and obstacles in achieving it from Molana’s view. In Mathnavi- Ma'navi, salvation means to liberation from any kind of spiritual sufferings, acheivment nearness and unity with God and anihiliation the wayfarer in His substance .In his view it is possible to attaining salvation by one’s struggle , holding shari’a, mystical practicing ,self-purification through good deeds, getting moral vertues. Besides the world and materiality ,he considered metaphysical and moral evils such as devil ,ego, sin ,ignorance as the obstacles to the attainment of salvation
description: مقالهی حاضر مفهوم نجات ، عوامل مؤثر در نیل به رستگاری و موانع حصول آن را از دیدگاه مولانا مورد بررسی قرار داده است.مولانا در کتاب مثنوی معنوی، نجات را به معنی رهایی از آلام روحانی ،نیل به مقام قرب الهی ، اتحاد و فنا شدن سالک در ذات حق دانسته است. از دیدگاه او دست یابی به نجات با تلاش و کوشش فردی ، تمسک به شریعت ،سلوک عرفانی وتهذیب نفس از طریق انجام اعمال صالح و کسب فضایل اخلاقی امکان پذیر است. وی افزون بر دنیا و مادیات ،شرور متافیزیکی و اخلاقی را چون شیطان ، نفس ، گناه ، جهل از جمله موانع دستیابی به نجات لحاظ کرده است
Additional file 1 of Efficacy of H2O2 inactivated bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) type 1 vaccine in mice
Creators: name: Li, Cunyuan
name: Yu, Jinming
name: Wang, Yue
name: Li, Xiaoyue
name: Li, Yaxin
name: An, Mingxuan
name: Ni, Wei
name: Liu, Kaiping
name: Hu, Shengwei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1
Preregistration documents
Creators: name: Booth, Tom
name: Crook, Zander
name: Deary, Ian
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2017
Subjects: Lothian Birth Cohort 1936
ageing
allostatic load
biological age
epigenetic age
longitudinal
telomere length

description: This component contains two preregistration documents for the linked study: a background document covering previous research in the area and a preregistration document for our study.
title: Résumés projets programme APRIMED 2016-2017
Creators: name: LabexMed
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2019

description: Résumés des projets suivants, portés dans le cadre du programme APRIMED, initié par le LabexMed:

- Projet DEMOFEMED - Dynamiques des populations en Méditerranée : la féminisation en question, porté par Isabelle Blöss-Widmer (LAMES UMR 7305)

-Projet ONGUENT : GOudroNs véGetaUx à usage mEdiciNal en MédiTerranée : passés et présente, porté par S.BURRI (LA3M UMR 7298)

-Projet PALOMED- L’appartenance locale en Méditerranée. Relations sociales, droits, revendications, porté par I. Grangaud (IREMAM).
Antagonistic features displayed by Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): A Review
Creators: name: Tariq, Mohsin
name: Noman, Muhammad
name: Temoor Ahmed
name: Hameed, Amir
name: Manzoor, Natasha
name: Marriam Zafar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60799 Plant Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 60702 Plant Cell and Molecular Biology
subject: 60703 Plant Developmental and Reproductive Biology
subject: 60704 Plant Pathology
subject: 60705 Plant Physiology
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: Soil dwelling bacteria able to colonize plant roots and closely associated soil are referred to as rhizobacteria. A wide range of rhizobacteria has the ability to promote plant growth directly by producing phytohormone and nutrients; and indirectly by controlling plant pathogen. These beneficial bacteria are known as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). PGPR control phytopathogens by producing chemicals that could damage pathogen cells, removing pathogen specific nutrients from the environment, or inducing resistance against pathogen in plant body. Antagonistic bacteria specifically damage pathogens by producing lytic enzymes, antibiotics and bacteriocins; and excluding pathogen from plant environment by siderophores oriented iron chelation. This review highlights the antagonistic feature of PGPR. Application of antagonistic bacteria as biopesticides is an attractive alternate of chemical pesticides. Chemical pesticides are non-targeted and cause pollution during its synthesis as well as at the site of application. Antagonistic bacteria could be used as biopesticides and biofertilizers for better plant health and growth improvement.
Dielectronic Recombination of Fe XXIII Forming Fe XXII: Laboratory Measurements and Theoretical Calculations
Creators: Savin, Daniel Wolf
Gwinner, G.
Grieser, M.
Repnow, R.
Schnell, M.
Schwalm, D.
Wolf, A.
Zhou, S.-G.
Kieslich, S.
Muller, A.
Schippers, S.
Colgan, J.
Loch, S. D.
Badnell, N. R.
Chen, M. H.
Gu, M. F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Ion recombination
Plasma (Ionized gases)
Physics
Astrophysics

description: We have measured resonance strengths and energies for dielectronic recombination (DR) of beryllium-like Fe XXIII forming boron-like Fe XXII via N = 2 → N' = 2 and N = 2 → N' = 3 core excitations. All measurements were carried out using the heavy-ion Test Storage Ring at the Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics (MPI-K) in Heidelberg, Germany. We have also calculated these resonance strengths and energies using three independent, perturbative, state-of-the-art theoretical techniques: the multiconfiguration Breit-Pauli (MCBP) method, the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method, and the Flexible Atomic Code (FAC). Overall reasonable agreement is found between our experimental results and these theoretical calculations. We have used our measurements to produce a Maxwellian-averaged DR rate coefficient for Fe XXIII. Our experimentally derived rate coefficient is estimated to be accurate to better that ≈20%. At temperatures where Fe XXIII is predicted to form in both photoionized and electron-ionized gas, we find mixed agreement between our experimental rate coefficient and previously published rate coefficients. We find good agreement at these temperatures between the experimentally derived rate coefficient and our MCBP, MCDF, and FAC results.
Phytochemical content of leaf and stem of Marsilea quadrifolia (L.)
Creators: name: Karikalan Gopalakrishnan
name: Rajangam Udayakumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60799 Plant Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 60702 Plant Cell and Molecular Biology
subject: 60703 Plant Developmental and Reproductive Biology
subject: 60704 Plant Pathology
subject: 60705 Plant Physiology
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: The present study was aimed to screen and quantify the phytochemicals by qualitative and quantitative analysis in methanol and aqueous leaf and stem extracts of Marsilea quadrifolia(L.). In qualitative analysis, the phytochemical compounds such as tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, triterpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins, anthroquinones, phenolic compounds and phytosterol were screened. Among these phytocompounds tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins and phenolic compounds were observed in methanol and aqueous leaf and stem extracts of M. quadrifolia. Anthroquinones were absent in both leaf and stem extracts of M. quadrifolia. The content of phenolic compounds 8.34±0.92 mg/g and 7.31±0.46 mg/g, flavonoids 7.46±0.64 mg/g and 6.45±0.68 mg/g, alkaloids 6.12±0.51 mg/g and 5.89±0.61 mg/g, tannins 6.58±0.72 mg/g and 6.07±0.56 mg/g and saponins 5.32±0.48 mg/g and 6.30±0.58 mg/g were determined in leaf and stem of M. quadrifolia, respectively. So, the present study confirmed that the presence of phytocompounds in leaf and stem of M. quadrifolia.
Differential COVID‐19 case positivity in New York City neighborhoods: Socioeconomic factors and mobility
Creators: Lamb, Matthew R.
Kandula, Sasikiran
Shaman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)
Public health
Epidemiology

description: Background: New York City (NYC) has been one of the hotspots of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. By the end of April 2020, close to 165 000 cases and 13 000 deaths were reported in the city with considerable variability across the city's ZIP codes. Objectives: In this study, we examine: (a) the extent to which the variability in ZIP code-level case positivity can be explained by aggregate markers of socioeconomic status (SES) and daily change in mobility; and (b) the extent to which daily change in mobility independently predicts case positivity. Methods: COVID-19 case positivity by ZIP code was modeled using multivariable linear regression with generalized estimating equations to account for within-ZIP clustering. Daily case positivity was obtained from NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and measures of SES were based on data from the American Community Survey. Changes in human mobility were estimated using anonymized aggregated mobile phone location systems. Results: Our analysis indicates that the socioeconomic markers considered together explained 56% of the variability in case positivity through April 1 and their explanatory power decreased to 18% by April 30. Changes in mobility during this time period are not likely to be acting as a mediator of the relationship between ZIP-level SES and case positivity. During the middle of April, increases in mobility were independently associated with decreased case positivity. Conclusions: Together, these findings present evidence that heterogeneity in COVID-19 case positivity during NYC's spring outbreak was largely driven by residents' SES.
Diplomatic History: the Turkey-Armenia Protocols
Creators: Phillips, David L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Diplomatic history
Diplomatic relations
International relations

description: The Protocol on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations and the Protocol on the Development of Bilateral Relations between the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Turkey (“The Protocols”) were signed on October 10, 2009. The Protocols represented an unprecedented advancement in relations between Turkey andArmenia. However, failure to ratify them was a significant bilateral, regional, and international setback. This article is a diplomatic history of events leading up to signing of the Protocols.It assesses the work of Turkish and Armenian diplomats negotiating the Protocols and the role of Swiss mediation. The monograph evaluates ensuing problems, including conditions imposed on ratification, as well as the effect of domestic politics in Turkey and Armenia on normalization. At present, Armenia is not a foreign policy priority for Ankara. The Protocols may be dormant, yet they still provide a roadmap to the way forward. Studying the history of Turkish-Armenian rapprochement serves as the basis for specific recommendations aimed at (i) intensifying civil society activities, (ii) expanding commercial cooperation, and (iii) stimulating intergovernmental contact.
Discovering Russia
Creators: Desai, Padma B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Economics
Economic policy
Economics--Mathematical models

description: While I began my discovery of Russia with love for Russian literature and humor, I have deliberately avoided converting it into a sentimental journey. From early on, I had decided to handle Soviet and Russian policy issues rigorously and empirically by applying appropriate models to the available data and tracking the model results with the help of the fast advancing computational procedures.
Dispute Resolution: Restorative Justice Under Native Customary Justice in Malaysia
Creators: Bulan, Ramy
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Restorative justice
subject: Iban (Bornean people)--Social life and customs
subject: Kelabit (Malaysian people)
subject: Indigenous peoples--Legal status, laws, etc.
subject: Asians
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Dispute resolution is an important aspect of Indigenous Peoples’ legal traditions. Underpinning these traditions is the need to settle conflicts and controversies to ensure social cohesion and harmonious existence. These legal traditions are products of practice and deliberations over long periods of time. Through repetitious patterns of social interactions, they are accepted as binding by those who participate in them. In many Indigenous communities, customary laws constitute a very important source of Indigenous legal traditions through which justice is meted. This paper looks at the character and administration of dispute resolution mechanism under the native customary justice system as a “court of first resort” for native peoples in Malaysia. “Native” is a legal term used to refer to Indigenous Peoples in the Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak. While some references will be made to Sabah, the paper will focus on two native communities, the Iban and Kelabit, in Sarawak to illustrate how linking the customary dispute resolution mechanism with the courts established by the State, could assist in the overall function and implementation of customary justice. It highlights the importance of restorative justice within the native customary justice system and how the sanctions and remedies granted thereunder are shaped by the Indigenous communities’ worldview, as they relate to their economic, physical and spiritual environment. In this discussion, the concept of justice refers not only to enforcement of rights, and imposition of judgment or punishment, but also the restoration of what was lost. This includes loss of peaceful co-existence and the need to restore relationships. In this context, restorative justice refers to an approach to justice that emphasizes repairing the harm done to people and relationships rather than mere retribution or punishment. It also takes into account the restoration of the state of balance with the economic, physical, and spiritual environment. The view is taken that the provision of better access to justice in the forums that they normally use is fundamental to the empowerment of Indigenous communities. This may be through formal legal institutions, but more often, the informal socio-cultural order and mechanisms for managing disputes and the administration of justice.
Protective functions of AEURA in Cell Based Model of Stroke and Alzheimer disease
Creators: name: Jigar Modi
name: Altamimi, Ahmed
name: Morrell, Ashleigh
name: Hongyuan Chou
name: Menzie, Janet
name: Weiss, Andrew
name: Marshall, Michael L
name: Li, Andrew
name: Prentice, Howard
name: Jang-Yen Wu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110313 Nuclear Medicine

description: Stroke and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are responsible for a major proportion of mortalities in the elderly. We have previously investigated novel mechanism-based therapies of AEURA in cell culture models against viral infection and in glutamate excitotoxity. In our new studies, we propose that the homeopathic formula AEURA could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for stroke & for AD. In examining AEURA treatment of PC12 cells exposed to glutamate excitotoxicity, hypoxia /re-oxygenation injury and A-Beta toxicity. We demonstrated an increased survival rate in AEURA treated cells by comparison to control cells. In examining the therapeutic potential of AEURA in PC12 cells this homeopathic agent was found to be neuroprotective against either glutamate induced toxicity, hypoxia /re-oxygenation stress or cell stress resulting from viral infection (with either HSV-1 or rhinovirus). Our ongoing studies involve examining the neuroprotective potential AEURA in vivo using rodent models of stroke & AD.
The Effects of Pharmacological Carbonic Anhydrase Suppression on Defence Responses of Potato Leaves To Phytophthora Infestans
Creators: name: Floryszak-Wieczorek, Jolanta
name: Arasimowicz-Jelonek, Magdalena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 60704 Plant Pathology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60799 Plant Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 60702 Plant Cell and Molecular Biology
subject: 60703 Plant Developmental and Reproductive Biology
subject: 60705 Plant Physiology
subject: 60310 Plant Systematics and Taxonomy

description: In this study we proposed carbonic anhydrase (CA) as an important element of basal resistance during the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)-Phytophthora infestans interaction. We found a different β-CA expression pattern in incompatible vs. compatible systems correlated in time with CA enzyme activity. Resistant potato leaves supplied with dorzolamide (an inhibitor of carbonate CA activity) and challenged with the pathogen showed an elevated nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, which was the most evident during the early phase of NO burst (at 3 hpi) during hypersensitive response (HR). In vitro application of dorzolamide and effective inhibitors of NO synthesis confirmed the implication of CA activity in NO metabolism during potato defense. To clarify how suppression of CA carbonate activity translates into the complexity of NO-related responses leading to potato resistance or susceptibility to an oomycete pathogen we analysed expression of NPR, PR1, and PAL.
Taken together, pharmacological damping of CA activity revealed a functional link between CA and NO-dependent signaling in potato defense against P. infestans manifested by accelerated NO formation and a modified salicylic acid defense pathway. The dorzolamide-mediated effective responses for basal resistance also delayed symptoms of late blight in the susceptible potato cultivar, without overcoming HR formation in the resistant one.
Dominant Modes of China Summer Extreme Heat Waves Driven by Global Sea Surface Temperature and Atmospheric Internal Variability
Creators: Deng, Kaiqiang
Yang, Song
Ting, Mingfang
Zhao, Ping
Wang, Zunya
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Standing waves
Teleconnections (Climatology)
Ocean temperature
Climatology

description: This study applies the maximum temperatures at more than 2000 Chinese stations to investigate the dominant modes of China summer heat waves (HWs). The first empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode of the HW days reflects an increased frequency of HWs in northern China (NC), while the second and third modes represent two distinct interannual modes, with key regions over the Yangtze River valley (YRV) and southern China (SC), respectively. The NC HWs are possibly associated with the Atlantic–Eurasian teleconnection, showing zonally propagating wave trains over the North Atlantic and Eurasian continent. The YRV HWs are proposed to be linked to the North Atlantic Oscillation, which may trigger a southeastward-propagating wave train over northern Russia and East Asia that results in a high pressure anomaly over the YRV. The SC HWs are obviously dominated by the Indian Ocean and northwest Pacific warm SSTs owing to the transition from the preceding El Niño to La Niña, which excites above-normal highs over SC. The anomalously high pressures over NC, the YRV, and SC are usually accompanied by descending air motions, clear skies, decreased precipitation, and increased solar radiation, which jointly cause a drier and hotter soil condition that favors the emergence of HWs. The GFDL HiRAM experiments are able to reproduce the historical evolution of NC and SC HWs, but fail to capture the YRV HWs. The correlation coefficient between model PC1 (PC2) and observed PC1 (PC3) for the period of 1979–2008 is 0.65 (0.38), which significantly exceeds the 95% (90%) confidence level, indicating that this model has a more faithful representation for the SST-forced HWs.
title: Microwave-Induced Chemotoxicity of Polydopamine-Coated Magnetic Nanocubes
Creators: name: Julfakyan, Khachatur
name: Fatieiev, Yevhen
name: Alsaiari, Shahad
name: Deng, Lin
name: Ezzeddine, Alaa
name: Zhang, Dingyuan
name: Rotello, Vincent M.
name: Khashab, Niveen M.
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: FeCo nanocubes; polydopamine; microwave radiation; nanomedicine

description: Polydopamine-coated FeCo nanocubes (PDFCs) were successfully synthesized and tested under microwave irradiation of 2.45 GHz frequency and 0.86 W/cm2 power. These particles were found to be non-toxic in the absence of irradiation, but gained significant toxicity upon irradiation. Interestingly, no increase in relative heating rate was observed when the PDFCs were irradiated in solution, eliminating nanoparticle (NP)-induced thermal ablation as the source of toxicity. Based on these studies, we propose that microwave-induced redox processes generate the observed toxicity.
ENSO Teleconnections and Impacts on U.S. Summertime Temperature during a Multiyear La Niña Life Cycle
Creators: Jong, Bor-Ting
Ting, Mingfang
Seager, Richard
Anderson, Weston B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Atmospheric circulation
Teleconnections (Climatology)
Climatic changes

description: El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections have been recognized as possible negative influences on crop yields in the United States during the summer growing season, especially in a developing La Niña summer. This study examines the physical processes of the ENSO summer teleconnections and remote impacts on the United States during a multiyear La Niña life cycle. Since 1950, a developing La Niña summer is either when an El Niño is transitioning to a La Niña or when a La Niña is persisting. Due to the distinct prior ENSO conditions, the oceanic and atmospheric characteristics in the tropics are dissimilar in these two different La Niña summers, leading to different teleconnection patterns. During the transitioning summer, the decaying El Niño and the developing La Niña induce suppressed deep convection over both the subtropical western Pacific (WP) and the tropical central Pacific (CP). Both of these two suppressed convection regions induce Rossby wave propagation extending toward North America, resulting in a statistically significant anomalous anticyclone over northeastern North America and, therefore, a robust warming signal over the Midwest. In contrast, during the persisting summer, only one suppressed convection region is present over the tropical CP induced by the La Niña SST forcing, resulting in a weak and insignificant extratropical teleconnection. Experiments from a stationary wave model confirm that the suppressed convection over the subtropical WP during the transitioning summer not only contributes substantially to the robust warming over the Midwest but also causes the teleconnections to be different from those in the persisting summer.
The “Calcium Paradox” Due To Ca2+/Camp Interaction: New Insights for the Neuroscience Field
Creators: name: Bergantin, Leandro Bueno
name: Caricati-Neto, Afonso
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110312 Nephrology and Urology

description: In the cardiovascular field, tachycardia and increment of catecholamine plasma levels (sympathetic hyperactivity) have been reported by hypertensive patients that use L-type Ca2+ channel blockers (CCBs) since 70´s. Our discovery of the involvement of interaction between the intracellular signalling pathways mediated by Ca2+ and cAMP (Ca2+/cAMP interaction) revealed that this phenomenon (sympathetic hyperactivity) was resulting of increase of transmitter release from sympathetic neurons stimulated by CCBs due to its interference on the Ca2+/cAMP interaction. In the neuroscience field, this discovery has produced new paths for the understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer´s and Parkinson’s diseases. In this way, novel journeys for the development of new pharmacological strategies more effective for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases may be initiated.
Effect of a Resuscitation Strategy Targeting Peripheral Perfusion Status vs Serum Lactate Levels on 28-Day Mortality Among Patients With Septic Shock The ANDROMEDA-SHOCK Randomized Clinical Trial
Creators: Hernandez, Glenn
Ospina‑Tascón, Gustavo
Damiani, Lucas Petri
Estenssoro, Elisa
Dubin, Arnaldo
Hurtado, F. Javier
Friedman, Gilberto
Castro, Ricardo
Alegría, Leyla
Teboul, Jean-Louis
Cecconi, Maurizio
Ferri, Giorgio
Jibaja, Manuel
Pairumani, Ronald
Fernández, Paula
Barahona, Diego
Granda-Luna, Vladimir
Cavalcanti, Alexandre Biasi
Bakker, Jan
The ANDROMEDA-SHOCK Study Investigators
 Latin-American Intensive Care Network - LIVEN
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Critical care medicine
Septic shock
Resuscitation
Medicine

description: Importance Abnormal peripheral perfusion after septic shock resuscitation has been associated with organ dysfunction and mortality. The potential role of the clinical assessment of peripheral perfusion as a target during resuscitation in early septic shock has not been established. Objective To determine if a peripheral perfusion–targeted resuscitation during early septic shock in adults is more effective than a lactate level–targeted resuscitation for reducing mortality. Design, Setting, and Participants Multicenter, randomized trial conducted at 28 intensive care units in 5 countries. Four-hundred twenty-four patients with septic shock were included between March 2017 and March 2018. The last date of follow-up was June 12, 2018. Interventions Patients were randomized to a step-by-step resuscitation protocol aimed at either normalizing capillary refill time (n = 212) or normalizing or decreasing lactate levels at rates greater than 20% per 2 hours (n = 212), during an 8-hour intervention period. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was all-cause mortality at 28 days. Secondary outcomes were organ dysfunction at 72 hours after randomization, as assessed by Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (range, 0 [best] to 24 [worst]); death within 90 days; mechanical ventilation–, renal replacement therapy–, and vasopressor-free days within 28 days; intensive care unit and hospital length of stay. Results Among 424 patients randomized (mean age, 63 years; 226 [53%] women), 416 (98%) completed the trial. By day 28, 74 patients (34.9%) in the peripheral perfusion group and 92 patients (43.4%) in the lactate group had died (hazard ratio, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.55 to 1.02]; P = .06; risk difference, −8.5% [95% CI, −18.2% to 1.2%]). Peripheral perfusion–targeted resuscitation was associated with less organ dysfunction at 72 hours (mean SOFA score, 5.6 [SD, 4.3] vs 6.6 [SD, 4.7]; mean difference, −1.00 [95% CI, −1.97 to −0.02]; P = .045). There were no significant differences in the other 6 secondary outcomes. No protocol-related serious adverse reactions were confirmed. Conclusions and Relevance Among patients with septic shock, a resuscitation strategy targeting normalization of capillary refill time, compared with a strategy targeting serum lactate levels, did not reduce all-cause 28-day mortality.
Sustainability as a criterion for business models – A framework for the life science sector
Creators: name: Gehde, Karla
Publisher: name: Institut für betriebswirtschaftliches Management im Fachbereich Chemie und Pharmazie
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 330 Economics

description: The research discourse on sustainability and on business models can be described as diverse in approaches and understanding of subject areas. The value-oriented business model and the twenty criteria of the German Sustainability Code represent a sample which is used for this research to examine and compare the sustainability of business models in practice. In addition, the relation between digital transformation and sustainability is considered. For this purpose, influences from theory and practice are included in order to further support the combination of these two concepts. With a qualitative document analysis, the selected business model cases are reviewed for their sustainability and finally characterized with the help of established hypotheses. It can be stated that sustainability aspects are potentially present in business models in the health care sector, but that there are clear deficits in the development and strategic anchoring. A first proposal for a solution is presented in the form of a framework.
Analysis of early Versus Delayed Carotid Surgery after Acute Ischemic Stroke
Creators: name: PEROU Sébastien
name: DETANTE Olivier
name: SPEAR Rafaelle
name: PIRVU Augustin
name: ELIE Amandine
name: MAGNE Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 110312 Nephrology and Urology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified

description: Objective: We evaluated the 30-day outcomes of early (≤ 14 days) or delayed (15 days to three months) carotid revascularization (CR) performed in patients who presented acute brain infarction secondary to internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis. Methods: We included all patients with a recent cerebral infarction from July 2010 to June 2014 who underwent CR in our center within three months after the onset of symptoms for ICA stenosis. Data were retrospectively collected. Two groups were identifi ed: Group A included patients who underwent early CR within the first fourteen days after symptom onset, and Group B, patients who underwent delayed CR, from the fifteenth day up to the third month after symptom onset. Death, stroke and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were analyzed. Results: Seventy-one patients underwent CR (73.2% men, with a median age of 71). Nineteen patients underwent early CR and 52 underwent delayed CR. The mean interval from initial examination to surgery was 9.5 days (range, 3-14 days) in Group A and 42 days (range, 15-92 days) in Group B. No complication occurred in Group A within the 30 postoperative days. In Group B, no MACE or death was observed and two patients presented with post-operative stroke (3.8%). Conclusion: This retrospective study confi rmed the satisfactory outcomes of early CR after acute brain infarct. Accurate clinical and radiological selection of patients prevents early neurological complications.
A Further Example Showing Efficiency of a Modeling Method Based on the Theory of Dynamic Systems in Pharmacokinetics
Creators: name: Durisova, Maria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111505 Pharmacogenomics
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Aims: To present a further example showing an efficiency of a modeling method based on the theory of dynamic systems in pharmacokinetics. Study design:The goals of the current study were twofold: to present (1) a further example showing efficiency of a modeling method based on the theory of dynamic systems in pharmacokinetics, an to perform (2) a next step in tutoring the use of computational and modeling tools from the theory of dynamic systems in pharmacokinetics. The data available in the study by Plusquellec et al. published in the October Issue of the Journal Medical Engineering & Physics were used to exemplify the method considered here. For modeling purpose an advanced mathematical modeling method was employed. Modeling was performed using the computer program named CTDB described in the study by Dedík et al. published in September 2007 issue of the Journal Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. Main outcome: Modeling results revealed that computational and modeling tools from the theory of dynamic systems can be successfully used in the development of a mathematical model of such a complicated process as is a multiple sites discontinuous gastrointestinal absorption.
Kinematics and Electromyographic Analysis of Gait with Different Footwear
Creators: name: Kelencz, Carlos Alberto
name: Muñoz, Ingrid Solange Sepúlveda
name: Oliveira, Paulo Rui De
name: Mazziotti, Bruno
name: Amorim, Cesar Ferreira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 111504 Pharmaceutical Sciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111505 Pharmacogenomics
subject: FOS: Medical biotechnology
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Kinematic analysis and surface electromyography are tools being used as important methods to evaluate the human gait and to analyze different types of footwear aiming modifications and adaptations to the human locomotor system, especially of the feet. The aim of the present study was to analyze through electromyography (EMG) the muscles tibialis anterior (TA) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and to capture digital images of the human gait in four different footware situations, barefoot with tennis, platform shoes and high heels. Twenty healthy women with a mean age of 22.6 years took part in this experiment, which was performed on a treadmill at a speed of 3.8 m/s. The results showed that shoes that do not allow a normal movement of the tarsal bones caused changes in the trajectory of the gait, which promotes a greater muscular movement. This study concluded that shoes closer to a normal position and allow greater mobility of the feet, decrease muscular demands, which in everyday situations cause less localized muscular fatigue.
Empowering Indigenous People to claim their Rights before National Courts, an Experience from Guatemala
Creators: Cisneros de Alencar, Antonio M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Indigenous peoples--Services for
Actions and defenses
Human rights
Indigenous peoples--Civil rights
International law
Latin Americans

description: As the United Nations advances towards a better understanding of what elements are central in ensuring that the development assistance it provides is effective and results in tangible changes for the lives of the people it seeks to assist, it has recently began to recognize the need to work in strengthening the capacity of rights-holders to demand their rights, as much as it works in strengthening the capacity of duty-bearers to meet their obligations; a key notion in the human rights based approach to development the United Nations now promotes. Yet, development assistance programmes, even at the United Nations, still overwhelmingly focus on the duty-bearer’s role, with fewer programmes devoted to working with rights-holders. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights’ (OHCHR) results framework for 2012–2013 for example, devotes five of its technical assistance global objectives (or “expected accomplishments”) to duty-bearers, four to the international community’s role, and only two focused on rights-holders. There are surely several reasons for this, but one element that I suspect contributes to this imbalance is the reduced number of experiences gathered in working with rights-holders, in comparison to the number of experiences gathered in working with duty-bearers; and the even fewer experiences, if we circumscribe our interest specifically to integrating Indigenous Peoples’ rights into development assistance programmes. The present article seeks to describe one such experience, highlighting key elements that could be of use to other similar programmes, to promote greater attention to the potential this form of international assistance has in empowering Indigenous Peoples to claim their rights.
Ending AIDS as a Public Health Threat: Treatment-as-Usual Risk Reduction Services for Persons With Mental Illness in Brazil
Creators: Wainberg, Milton L.
McKinnon, Karen
Norcini Pala, Andrea
Hughes, Olivia K.
Schrage, Ezra Blake
Erby, Whitney
Mann, Claudio G.
Cournos, Francine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: AIDS (Disease)
Mental illness
Public health
Mentally ill--Services for
AIDS (Disease)--Prevention
HIV infections—Prevention

description: Objective: Persons with mental illness have higher HIV infection rates than the general population. Little is known about whether care systems for this population are effectively participating in global efforts to end AIDS as a public health threat. This study examined treatment-as-usual HIV risk reduction services within public mental health settings. Methods: The authors interviewed 641 sexually active adults attending eight public psychiatric clinics in Rio de Janeiro about participation in a sexual risk reduction program, HIV testing, HIV knowledge, and sexual behaviors. Results: Nine percent reported participation in a risk reduction program in the past year, and 75% reported having unprotected sex in the past three months. Program participants had greater HIV knowledge (p=.04) and were more likely to have had HIV testing in the past three months (p=.02), compared with nonparticipants. Participation was not associated with sexual behaviors. Conclusions: Including persons with mental illness in efforts to end AIDS requires a greater commitment to implementing effective interventions in public mental health systems. Keywords: AIDS; Ending AIDS; HIV prevention; Severe mental illness.
Environmental Violence: Impacts on Indigenous Women and Girls
Creators: Carmen, Andrea
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Human rights
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous women
Indigenous children
Environmental health
Environmental justice

description: Environmental Violence was identified and defined in the “Declaration for Health, Life and Defense of our Lands, Rights and Future Generations” adopted by consensus by 52 Indigenous women and girls ages 14 to 92 from five regions at the 2nd International Indigenous Women’s Symposium on Environmental and Reproductive Health held in April 2012 in Chickaloon Village, Alaska. “Environmental contaminants causing disease, birth defects and death are deliberately released into the environment because they are toxic to living things (i.e. pesticides), or as a result of industrial or military processes that are judged by States and corporations to pose an “acceptable risk” and “allowable harm.” States and corporations deny “provable” impacts despite the clear evidence that they cause a range of serious health and reproductive impacts which disproportionately affect Indigenous women and children. This constitutes “environmental violence” by States and corporations and must be identified as such by Indigenous Peoples and human rights bodies.” This concept was formally recognized by a UN body in the report of the 2012 UNPFII EGM to the UNPFII 12th session. It was also included in the Lima Declaration from the International Conference of Indigenous Women in October 2013, which called for “zero tolerance” for any form of violence against Indigenous women and girls, including environmental violence. The human rights framework affirming the rights of Indigenous Peoples, including Indigenous women and children, provides the context for addressing human rights violations caused by the deliberate exposure by States and corporations to toxic contaminants including pesticides, which are known to have devastating impacts on reproductive health.
Estimating the infection-fatality risk of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City during the spring 2020 pandemic wave: a model-based analysis
Creators: Yang, Wan
Kandula, Sasikiran
Huynh, Mary
Greene, Sharon
Van Wye, Gretchen
Li, Wenhui
Chan, Hiu Tai
McGibbon, Emily
Yeung, Alice
Olson, Donald R.
Fine, Anne
Shaman, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19 (Disease)
Epidemiology

description: Background As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, the infection-fatality risk (ie, risk of death among all infected individuals including those with asymptomatic and mild infections) is crucial for gauging the burden of death due to COVID-19 in the coming months or years. Here, we estimate the infection-fatality risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in New York City, NY, USA, the first epidemic centre in the USA, where the infection-fatality risk remains unclear. Methods In this model-based analysis, we developed a meta-population network model-inference system to estimate the underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in New York City during the 2020 spring pandemic wave using available case, mortality, and mobility data. Based on these estimates, we further estimated the infection-fatality risk for all ages overall and for five age groups (<25, 25–44, 45–64, 65–74, and ≥75 years) separately, during the period March 1 to June 6, 2020 (ie, before the city began a phased reopening). Findings During the period March 1 to June 6, 2020, 205 639 people had a laboratory-confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 21 447 confirmed and probable COVID-19-related deaths occurred among residents of New York City. We estimated an overall infection-fatality risk of 1·39% (95% credible interval 1·04–1·77) in New York City. Our estimated infection-fatality risk for the two oldest age groups (65–74 and ≥75 years) was much higher than the younger age groups, with a cumulative estimated infection-fatality risk of 0·116% (0·0729–0·148) for those aged 25–44 years and 0·939% (0·729–1·19) for those aged 45–64 years versus 4·87% (3·37–6·89) for those aged 65–74 years and 14·2% (10·2–18·1) for those aged 75 years and older. In particular, weekly infection-fatality risk was estimated to be as high as 6·72% (5·52–8·01) for those aged 65–74 years and 19·1% (14·7–21·9) for those aged 75 years and older. Interpretation Our results are based on more complete ascertainment of COVID-19-related deaths in New York City than other places and thus probably reflect the true higher burden of death due to COVID-19 than that previously reported elsewhere. Given the high infection-fatality risk of SARS-CoV-2, governments must account for and closely monitor the infection rate and population health outcomes and enact prompt public health responses accordingly as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds.