cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Federal Reserve in the Shadow of the Bank of Japan
Creators: name: Cargill, Thomas F.
name: O'Driscoll Jr., Gerald P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Finance
Banks and banking, Central
Financial crises
Economic policy

description: Many commentators on Federal Reserve policy over the past decade devote little attention to the experience of other central banks and especially the experience of Japan and the Bank of Japan. In fact, there is very little that is new in the U.S. situation that had not already been experienced by Japan and the Bank of Japan over a decade earlier. Many commentators view Federal Reserve policy as unique and special with regard to other central banks; however, the differences between the financial and economic stress experienced by Japan and the United States pale in comparison to the similarities. In many respects, the Federal Reserve is in the shadow of Bank of Japan and a better understanding of the comparative records of the two central banks offers important insight into central bank policy.
The paper explores three aspects of the relationship between the Bank of Japan and the Federal Reserve . First, the asset bubbles and bursting of those bubbles in Japan (1985 to 1991) and the United States (2001 to 2006) were both the result of central bank policy errors combined with a flawed financial structure. Second, the political economy of the operating environment of the Bank of Japan and the Federal Reserve ensures continued suboptimal monetary policy regardless of institutional redesigns of the central bank. Third, the Bank of Japan and the Federal Reserve together present a serious contradiction to the conventional wisdom that legal independence is the foundation for optimal central bank policy outcomes.
A concluding section brings together the main points of the discussion. These suggest that a better understanding of Federal Reserve policy since the start of the new century might start with a review of Japan and the Bank of Japan.
The evolution of interdisciplinarity in physics research
Creators: name: Pan, Raj Kumar
name: Sinha, Sitabhra
name: Kaski, Kimmo
name: Saramäki, Jari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Science, being a social enterprise, is subject to fragmentation into groups that focus on specialized areas or topics. Often new advances occur through cross-fertilization of ideas between sub-fields that otherwise have little overlap as they study dissimilar phenomena using different techniques. Thus to explore the nature and dynamics of scientific progress one needs to consider the large-scale organization and interactions between different subject areas. Here, we study the relationships between the sub-fields of Physics using the Physics and Astronomy Classification Scheme (PACS) codes employed for self-categorization of articles published over the past 25 years (1985-2009). We observe a clear trend towards increasing interactions between the different sub-fields. The network of sub-fields also exhibits core-periphery organization, the nucleus being dominated by Condensed Matter and General Physics. However, over time Interdisciplinary Physics is steadily increasing its share in the network core, reflecting a shift in the overall trend of Physics research.
description: Published version, 10 pages, 8 figures + Supplementary Information
title: Long- and short-term solutions for mitigating hazardous noise exposure and noise levels on board vessels from the small-scale fishing fleet of Newfoundland and Labrador
Creators: name: Burella, Giorgio
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: Fish harvesting in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) is prominently a small-scale industry.
 This is an important activity in the rural NL, providing a mean of livelihood and identity
 to many coastal communities. Fishing is also one of the most dangerous professions both
 in the province and worldwide, with high incidence of reported casualties, accidents, and
 injuries. Among many health and safety issues of the fish harvesting profession, elevated
 noise levels pose a subtle threat. Prolonged exposure to noise is known to induce noise-induced
 hearing loss (NIHL), and high noise levels are known to reduce the habitability of
 fishing vessels, increase fatigue, and ultimately add to the risk of accidents and injuries.
 This PhD research aims to assess noise-related hazards on the small-scale NL fishing fleet
 (less than 24m length overall) and to provide short-term (minimal vessel and gear modification,
 use of protection devices), and long-term (integration of an acoustic design for noise
 control on fishing vessels) solutions to mitigate on-board high noise levels and exposures.
 The research features: a) a comprehensive survey of noise levels and occupational noise
 exposures on-board a representative sample of 12 vessels, in order to identify the dominant
 noise sources, measure the in-situ acoustic insulation, assess the compliance with habitability
 criteria of living spaces and the risk of hazardous noise exposures; b) the study of the
 perception of risk of noise-related hazards from owner/operators of the fleet; c) the development
 of a numerical model validated using experimental data for the acoustic transmission
 and the study of possible noise control interventions to mitigate noise to acceptable levels
 on a case study vessel. In this research activity a job-based method for noise exposure assessment was used, as opposed to the task-based method used in other studies on fishing
 vessels, and the noise components that lead to hazardous noise exposures were identified
 in order to provide effective solutions to mitigate noise exposure. Furthermore, for the
 first time state-of-the-art Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) and graph theory were used
 to model noise transmission on a small-sized fishing vessel and reveal the dominant noise
 transmission mechanisms. Based on these findings, effective noise control interventions
 were proposed and evaluated.
 These assessments are necessary to provide recommendations and guidelines, and introduce
 design and operational criteria to control noise levels on small fishing vessels from
 NL and worldwide more in general. Indeed, noise control solutions identified in the case-study
 vessel can be used on similar vessels, and the numerical method based on SEA as
 shown in this research can be applied to design of noise control on new vessels.
The Built Environment
Creators: name: Gundlach, Justin M.
name: Klein, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Climatic changes
Climatic changes--Health aspects
Climatic changes--Law and legislation
Climatic changes--Government policy
Buildings--Environmental aspects
Environmental law

description: The built environment, which includes not only buildings but infrastructure, mediates several important climate impacts on public health and is also subject to diverse legal requirements. It is a subject of particular focus for policy efforts aimed at promoting adaptive responses to climate change on the part of institutions and individuals. This chapter presents key examples of public health impacts that arise from climate change but are mediated—possibly mitigated, possibly exacerbated—by elements of the built environment. It also describes the process and substance of adaptive responses to those impacts. Having presented these physical and policy contexts in its first Section, this chapter’s second Section considers the role the law could play as individuals, organizations, and localities react to climate-driven harms and seek to adapt.
Soil creep behavior: laboratory testing and numerical modelling
Creators: name: Wang, Zhechao
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 232-250
description: A few pages are in colour.
description: Soil exhibits creep behavior, in which the deformation of soil develops with time at a state of constant effective stress. It is of significance to investigate the creep behavior of soil for geotechnical applications wherein the long-term deformation of soil is concerned. In this study, the aspects of laboratory testing and numerical modelling of soil creep were investigated. On laboratory testing aspect, a series of one-dimensional and triaxial compression creep tests were performed on clayey and sandy soils, including kaolinite, Ottawa sand, till and oil sands, to investigate the creep behavior of the soils under different conditions. The dependencies of creep rate on time, stress and inelastic strain were investigated in the creep tests. On numerical modelling aspect, several issues on modelling soil creep were investigated. It was concluded that the potential for plastic flow is also applicable to describe soil creep from experimental observations and mechanistic pictures. An elasticviscoplastic creep model for soil was proposed to describe soil creep under complex conditions. In the model, the creep rate of soil was formulated as a function of inelastic strain and effective stresses, following the way of Eulerian description of motion. Based on the proposed creep model, a methodology to accelerate creep test was developed. The energy aspect and examples of this methodology were presented as well. Moreover, numerical simulations were performed to investigate the influence of soil creep on the long-term ground settlements above a tunnel in till and on the time-dependent stress redistribution in oil sand due to cavity expansion.
title: Effect of an inverted seated position with upper arm blood flow restriction on neuromuscular fatigue
Creators: name: Ahmadi, Hamid
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: Change in body position, in addition to disturbances to the homeostasis of our body,
 can exacerbate neuromuscular fatigue. Experiencing a voluntary or involuntary inverted
 position is a stressful condition and can alter sympathetic nervous system activity, which has
 been suggested as a primary mechanism that may inhibit neuromuscular and cardiovascular
 function. Moreover, there is a possibility of complete or partial blood flow due to limb
 compression during life-threatening conditions such as overturned vehicles. Blood flow
 restriction (BFR) due to a decrease in perfusion to a target muscle, moderate to high intensity
 muscle contractions, and BFR (partial occlusion during a contraction with low intensity) can
 lead to force reductions and dependency on type II fibres. This shift to an anaerobic phase
 yields metabolic by-products accumulation, stimulating muscle fibres afferents with small
 diameters (group III and IV). The increases in peripheral inputs to the central level may cause
 inhibition of final motor output, fatigue-induced greater perceived pain and effort, and
 increased cardiovascular stress.
 In view of many interacting systems during inversion, the purpose of this thesis was
 to explore how BFR of the upper arm while participants were securely inverted can influence
 isometric force production, muscle activity, fatigue, perceived pain, and cardiovascular
 responses. Understanding the possible mechanisms can be used by safety and survival
 centers during limited time rescue missions.
Short timescale variations of the Hα double-peaked profile of the nucleus of NGC 1097
Creators: name: Schimoia, Jaderson S.
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
name: Nemmen, Rodrigo S.
name: Winge, Cláudia
name: Eracleous, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The broad (FWHM ~ 10,000 km/s) double-peaked Hα profile from the LINER/Seyfert 1 nucleus of NGC 1097 was discovered in 1991, and monitored for the following 11 years. The profile showed variations attributed to the rotation of gas in a non-axisymmetric Keplerian accretion disk, ionized by a varying radiatively inefficient accretion flow (RIAF) located in the inner parts of the disk. We present and model 11 new spectroscopic observations of the double-peaked profile taken between 2010 March and 2011 March. This series of observations was motivated by the finding that in 2010 March the flux in the double-peaked line was again strong, becoming, in 2010 December, even stronger than in the observations of a decade ago. We also discovered shorter timescale variations than in the previous observations: (1) the first, of ~7 days, is interpreted as due to "reverberation" of the variation of the ionizing source luminosity, and the timescale of 7 days as the light crossing time between the source and the accretion disk; this new timescale and its interpretation provides a distance between the emitting gas and the supermassive black hole and as such introduces a new constraint on its mass; (2) the second, of approximately 5 months, was attributed to the rotation of a spiral arm in the disk, which was found to occur on the dynamical timescale. We use two accretion disk models to fit theoretical profiles to the new data, both having non-axisymmetric emissivities produced by the presence of an one-armed spiral. Our modeling constrains the rotation period for the spiral to be approximately 18 months. This work supports our previous conclusion that the broad double-peaked Balmer emission lines in NGC 1097, and probably also in other low-luminosity active nuclei, originate from an accretion disk ionized by a central RIAF.
description: Published in ApJ (2012 March). 13 pages, 11 figures
How Existing Environmental Laws Respond to Climate Change and Its Mitigation
Creators: name: Gundlach, Justin M.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Climatic changes
Climate change mitigation
Climatic changes--Law and legislation
Climatic changes--Health aspects
Climatic changes--Effect of human beings on
Environmental law

description: Existing environmental laws interact with public health priorities and with aspects of the changing climate in numerous and varied ways. This chapter does not attempt to catalogue those interactions, but instead focuses on two that are especially important and illustrative of the operation and limitations of existing environmental laws vis-à-vis climate change-driven challenges. The first interaction is between pollution levels boosted by climate change and pollution control laws that employ health-based standards to determine pollution limits. The second is between a wider array of existing laws and the effects of climate change mitigation measures on public health. Examining these interactions reveals the inadequacy of existing laws to the tasks of 1) tracking the public health impacts of—much less adapting to—climate change, and 2) ensuring that climate change mitigation efforts reflect a rational accounting of impacts on public health, whether from foregoing mitigation or undertaking it.
Enlarging and cooling the Néel state in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Mathy, Charles J. M.
name: Huse, David A.
name: Hulet, Randall G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experimental scheme to favor both the realization and the detection of the Néel state in a two-component gas of ultracold fermions in a three-dimensional simple-cubic optical lattice. By adding three compensating Gaussian laser beams to the standard three pairs of retroreflected lattice beams, and adjusting the relative waists and intensities of the beams, one can significantly enhance the size of the Néel state in the trap, thus increasing the signal of optical Bragg scattering. Furthermore, the additional beams provide for adjustment of the local chemical potential and the possibility to evaporatively cool the gas while in the lattice. Our proposals are relevant to other attempts to realize many-body quantum phases in optical lattices.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures (significantly revised text and figures)
Millimeter Observations of the Transition Disk around HD135344B (SAO 206462)
Creators: name: Lyo, A-Ran
name: Ohashi, Nagayoshi
name: Qi, Chunhua
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Su, Yu-Nung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present \sim1" resolution 1.3 millimeter dust continuum and spectral line (12CO and 13CO J=2-1) observations of the transitional disk system HD 135344B obtained with the Submillimeter Array. The disk shows a Keplerian rotation pattern with an inclination of \sim11°, based on the spatially and spectrally resolved 12CO and 13CO emission. The data show clear evidence for both dust and gas surface density reductions in the inner region of the disk (radius \lesssim 50 AU) from the continuum and 13CO J=2-1 data, respectively. The presence of this inner cavity in both the dust and gas is more consistent with clearing by giant planet formation than by photoevaporation or by grain growth. There is also an indication of global CO gas depletion in the disk, as the mass estimated from 13CO emission (\sim3.8 \times 10^(-4) M\odot) is about two orders of magnitude lower than that derived from the 1.3 mm continuum (\sim2.8 \times 10^(-2) M\odot).
description: accepted for publication in AJ, 29 pages with 9 figures
CXOM31 J004253.1+411422: The first ultra-luminous X-ray transient in M 31
Creators: name: Kaur, A.
name: Henze, M.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Greiner, J.
name: Rau, A.
name: Hartmann, D. H.
name: Sala, G.
name: Hernanz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We seek clarification of the nature of X-ray sources detected in M 31. Here we focus on CXOM31 J004253.1+411422, the brightness of which suggests that it belongs to the class of ultraluminous X-ray sources. We determine the X-ray properties of sources detected in the XMM-Newton Chandra monitoring program. We investigate spectral properties and search for periodic or quasi-periodic oscillations. A multi-component model is applied to the spectra obtained from XMM-Newton data to evaluate the relative contributions from thermal and non-thermal emission. The time dependence of this ratio is evaluated over a period of forty days. We simultaneously fit data from XMM-Newton EPIC-pn, MOS1 and MOS2 detectors with (non-thermal) powerlaw and (thermal) multicolored blackbody. The X-ray spectrum is best fit by the combination of a thermal component with kT ~ 1 keV and a powerlaw component with photon index approximately 2.6. From combined analysis of Chandra, Swift and XMM-Newton data, the unabsorbed total luminosity of this source decreases from ~ 3.8 x 10^{39} erg s^{-1} in the first observation to ~ 0.5 x 10^{39} ergs s^{-1} over a period of three months. The decay closely follows an exponential decline with a time constant of 32 days. The source spectrum evolves significantly, exhibiting a faster decline of the thermal component. We do not find evidence of any significant temporal features in the power density spectrum. The presence of a thermal component at kT ~ 1 keV in conjunction with a non-thermal high energy tail, is also consistent with spectral properties of other ULXs in the "high state". Our analysis indicates that the underlying source of this first ULX in M~31 is a black hole of mass, M > 13 M_{sun}, accreting near the Eddington limit, that underwent a transient outburst followed by an exponential decay reminiscent of transients associated with galactic X-ray novae.
description: Accepted by Astronomy and Astrophysics. 6 pages, 8 figures
How to Measure Community College Effectiveness in Serving Transfer Students
Creators: name: Fink, John
name: Jenkins, Paul Davis
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Community colleges
Community college students--Transfer
Transfer students--Services for

description: While many students who start at a community college intend to transfer and complete a bachelor’s degree, most of them are not successful. One of the impediments to improving outcomes for these students has been the lack of widely available measures of institutional effectiveness in serving transfer students. In this guide, the authors provide instructions for community colleges that want to use National Student Clearinghouse (NSC) data to measure their effectiveness in serving transfer students. To do so, colleges will need to access both NSC enrollment and degree file data on their students.

Part 1 of this guide—based on methods used by the same authors in Tracking Transfer—explains how community colleges can assess their own overall effectiveness in helping students to transfer and complete bachelor’s degrees. Part 2 shows how colleges can go on to evaluate the effectiveness of transfer partnerships with their top receiving four-year institutions.

This guide accompanies another publication—Tackling Transfer: A Guide to Convening Community Colleges and Universities to Improve Transfer Student Outcomes, by the Aspen Institute, CCRC, Public Agenda, and Sova—which illustrates how these metrics can be used to support institutional improvement of transfer outcomes.

The metrics described in this guide can serve as useful tools to examine what practices facilitate or impede effective transfer. Therefore, calculating these metrics on a periodic basis, comparing them with state and national benchmarks, and sharing them with faculty, advisors, and others can play an important role in efforts to improve bachelor’s degree outcomes for community college students.
Bessel Function Model for Corneal Topography
Creators: name: Okrasiński, Wojciech
name: Płociniczak, Łukasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we consider a new nonlinear mathematical model for corneal topography formulated as two-point boudary value problem. We derive it from first physical principles and provide some mathematical analysis. The existence and uniqeness theorems are proved as well as various estimates on exact solution. At the end we fit the simplified model based on Modified Bessel Function of the First Kind with the real corneal data consisting of matrix of 123x123 points and obtain an error of order of 1%.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
On DBI Textures with Generalized Hopf Fibration
Creators: name: Ramadhan, Handhika S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we show numerical existence of O(4) Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) Textures living in (N +1) dimensional spacetime. These defects are characterized by $S^N\rightarrow S^3$ mapping, generalizing the well-known Hopf fibration into ?$π_N (S^3)$, for all N > 3. The nonlinear nature of DBI kinetic term provides stability against size perturbation and thus renders the defects having natural scale.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys.Lett.B
Chrysis prominula DAHLBOM 1845
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Chrysis
Chrysis prominula

description: Chrysis prominula DAHLBOM, 1845
Chrysis prominula DAHLBOM, 1845: MADL & ROSA 2012: 65 (cat. Afr. reg.).
* Chrysis rimata DU BUYSSON, 1898: DU BUYSSON 1898b: 539 (Djibouti).
Chrysis rimata DU BUYSSON, 1898: DU BUYSSON 1898c: 272 (cat. Djibouti).
Chrysis rimata DU BUYSSON, 1898: DU BUYSSON 1899: 168 (Djibouti, cat. MNHN).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Djibouti.
Chrysis prominula is also recorded from " Congo ", Democratic Republic of Congo, Eritrea, Guinea Bissau, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe. The record from Djibouti is not mentioned in BISCHOFF (1913: 67) and KIMSEY & BOHART (1990: 451).
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 915, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
An Automated Microwell Platform  for Large-Scale Single Cell RNA-Seq
Creators: name: Yuan, Jinzhou
name: Sims, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Nucleotide sequence
Gene expression

description: Recent developments have enabled rapid, inexpensive RNA sequencing of thousands of individual cells from a single specimen, raising the possibility of unbiased and comprehensive expression profiling from complex tissues. Microwell arrays are a particularly attractive microfluidic platform for single cell analysis due to their scalability, cell capture efficiency, and compatibility with imaging. We report an automated microwell array platform for single cell RNA-Seq with significantly improved performance over previous implementations. We demonstrate cell capture efficiencies of >50%, compatibility with commercially available barcoded mRNA capture beads, and parallel expression profiling from thousands of individual cells. We evaluate the level of cross-contamination in our platform by both tracking fluorescent cell lysate in sealed microwells and with a human-mouse mixed species RNA-Seq experiment. Finally, we apply our system to comprehensively assess heterogeneity in gene expression of patient-derived glioma neurospheres and uncover subpopulations similar to those observed in human glioma tissue.
Performance of RCC used for overtopping protection and spillways
Creators: name: Hansen, Kenneth D.
name: Fitzgerald, Thomas J.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: roller-compacted concrete (RCC)
overtopping
protection
spillways

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) has become the most widely accepted method for providing safe overtopping protection for embankment dams in the United States. The concept consists of placing horizontal layers of erosion resistant RCC on the downstream slope of existing dams to increase spillway capacity during extreme rainfall events. Since the first earth dam with an RCC overlay was constructed in 1984, more than 130 such projects have been put in service. Because most of these hydraulic upgrades were designed to accommodate rare flow events, there was little information initially available of their actual performance when overtopped. With more RCC overtopping protection in service, there are now more examples of floods in excess of the 1 in 100 year event overtopping RCC protected dams. This paper will present data on the performance of RCC overlay projects when overtopped and lessons learned from these actual examples.
The role of child social cognitive biases on child social functioning difficulties within a mother-child interaction
Creators: name: Miller, Natalie Viola
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Children with high levels of ADHD symptoms and conduct problems have difficulties developing social relationships with their peers, and these difficulties have been linked to certain social cognitive biases. The study examined the role of social cognitive biases for these children’s social behaviour within mother-child interactions. 38 children (9-12 years, 63% male) and their mothers participated. Severity of ADHD symptoms and conduct problems varied across children. Social cognitive bias measures included assessment of hostile attribution bias and positive illusory bias. Child social functioning difficulties were observed during mother-child play session. Hierarchical regression models indicated only the positive illusory bias was related to social functioning difficulties among children with high levels of ADHD symptoms and conduct problems (ps <.05). This study extends previous research by demonstrating that the positive illusory bias contributes to child social functioning difficulties within the family among children with high levels of ADHD symptoms and conduct problems.
Kinetic modeling of the in-situ combustion process for Athabasca oil sands
Creators: name: Chen, Xiaolin
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: Bibliography: p. 111-119
description: Many pages are in colour.
description: In-situ combustion is an effective thermal recovery method and provides an important alternative to steam injection, but it is yet to be widely applied. A factor that has limited the application of ISC (in-situ combustion) is a lack of predictability at both the laboratory and field scales. The ISC process is very complex, and its modeling work requires an understanding of the behaviour of different physical phenomena including phase change, heat and mass transfer, and chemical reactions. A proper experimental kinetic analysis such as ramped temperature oxidation (RTO) provides critical parameters for modeling. In this study, the focus is to model appropriate kinetics and improve reaction models for this process. Different chemical reactions occur during ISC in different temperature ranges (Nader et al., 2007). For heavy oils and oil sands low temperature oxidation (LTO) dominates below 260°C, yielding partially oxygenated compounds and increasing the viscosity of oil, and as a result, limits the success of ISC. Negative temperature gradient (NTG) is observed from 280°C to 380°C, which is also named the middle temperature oxidation (MTO) or fuel deposition. This temperature range includes thermal decomposition and pyrolysis/cracking of hydrocarbons. Above 400°C, combustion reaction dominates, known as high temperature oxidation (HTO), producing carbon oxides and water. The objective of this study is to develop reaction kinetic models that can be used to describe the reactions of hydrocarbon fractions at various temperature conditions during the ISC of Athabasca bitumen. In this work, a set of improved kinetic models including LTO, MTO, and HTO reactions based on Saturates, Aromatics, Resins, and Asphaltenes (SARA) fractions in the crude oil are established. These kinetic models are used to reproduce the RTO experimental results through numerical simulation and to obtain successful history matched results. These models are developed using more data sets than what is currently available in the literature. An important feature of the improved models that differentiates the results of this study from those of previous studies is their ability to handle the whole combustion process starting from LTO to MTO to HTO for the Athabasca bitumen. This research will significantly increase the understanding of different chemical reactions occurring in heavy oil during the entire ISC process, and contribute to the development of reliable numerical models that can accurately predict ISC performance in different temperature scenarios.
Qudit versions of the qubit "pi-over-eight" gate
Creators: name: Howard, Mark
name: Vala, Jiri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When visualised as an operation on the Bloch sphere, the qubit "pi-over-eight" gate corresponds to one-eighth of a complete rotation about the vertical axis. This simple gate often plays an important role in quantum information theory, typically in situations for which Pauli and Clifford gates are insufficient. Most notably, when it supplements the set of Clifford gates then universal quantum computation can be achieved. The "pi-over-eight" gate is the simplest example of an operation from the third level of the Clifford hierarchy (i.e., it maps Pauli operations to Clifford operations under conjugation). Here we derive explicit expressions for all qudit (d-level, where d is prime) versions of this gate and analyze the resulting group structure that is generated by these diagonal gates. This group structure differs depending on whether the dimensionality of the qudit is two, three or greater than three. We then discuss the geometrical relationship of these gates (and associated states) with respect to Clifford gates and stabilizer states. We present evidence that these gates are maximally robust to depolarizing and phase damping noise, in complete analogy with the qubit case. Motivated by this and other similarities we conjecture that these gates could be useful for the task of qudit magic-state distillation and, by extension, fault-tolerant quantum computing. Very recent, independent work by Campbell, Anwar and Browne confirms the correctness of this intuition, and we build upon their work to characterize noise regimes for which noisy implementations of these gates can (or provably cannot) supplement Clifford gates to enable universal quantum computation.
description: Version 2 changed to reflect improved distillation routines in arXiv:1205.3104v2. Minor typos fixed. 12 Pages,2 Figures,3 Tables
Strong Spin-Orbit Interaction and Helical Hole States in Ge/Si Nanowires
Creators: name: Kloeffel, Christoph
name: Trif, Mircea
name: Loss, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the low-energy hole states of Ge/Si core/shell nanowires. The low-energy valence band is quasidegenerate, formed by two doublets of different orbital angular momenta, and can be controlled via the relative shell thickness and via external fields. We find that direct (dipolar) coupling to a moderate electric field leads to an unusually large spin-orbit interaction of Rashba type on the order of meV which gives rise to pronounced helical states enabling electrical spin control. The system allows for quantum dots and spin qubits with energy levels that can vary from nearly zero to several meV, depending on the relative shell thickness.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Limited awareness of pre-exposure prophylaxis among black men who have sex with men and transgender women in New York City
Creators: name: Garnett, Matthew
name: Hirsch-Moverman, Yael
name: Franks, Julie C.
name: Hayes-Larson, Eleanor
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa M.
name: Mannheimer, Sharon B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Epidemiology
Gay men, Black
Transgender people
HIV infections—Prevention
Pre-exposure prophylaxis

description: Awareness of Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was assessed among a cohort of substance-using black men who have sex with men and transgender women (MSM/TGW) participating in the STAR Study, which recruited black MSM/TGW in New York City for HIV testing and linked HIV-infected individuals into care from July 2012 to April 2015. Sociodemographic, psychosocial, known HIV risk factors, and PrEP awareness were assessed among participants. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to assess factors associated with PrEP awareness. Of 1673 participants, median age was 43 years and 25% were under age 30. Most participants (85.8%) reported having insufficient income for basic necessities at least occasionally, 54.8% were homeless, and 71.3% were unemployed. Awareness of PrEP was reported among 18.2% of participants. PrEP awareness was associated with younger age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.87, per 5 years), gay identity (aOR 2.46), higher education (aOR 1.70), more frequent past HIV testing (aOR 3.18), less HIV stigma (aOR 0.61), less hazardous/harmful alcohol use (aOR 0.61), and more sexual partners (aOR 1.04, per additional partner in past 30 days). In this substance-using black MSM/TGW cohort with high rates of poverty and homelessness, PrEP awareness was low. This study demonstrates the need for targeted dissemination of PrEP information to key populations to increase awareness and ultimately improve uptake and utilization of PrEP.
An overview of cilastatin + imipenem + relebactam as a therapeutic option for hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia: evidence to date
Creators: name: Sellarès-Nadal, Júlia
name: Eremiev, Simeón
name: Burgos, Joaquin
name: Almirante, Benito
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Introduction: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are prevalent nosocomial infections with a worrisomely increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant causative organisms, including those with resistance to carbapenems. The addition of relebactam, a β-lactamase inhibitor, to imipenem treatment restores the antimicrobial activity against the most of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including some carrying β‐lactamase enzyme-type carbapenemases. Areas covered: The aim of this article is to summarize the current evidence regarding imipenem/relebactam for the treatment of HAP/VAP. The authors discuss its chemistry, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, microbiology, tolerance and clinical efficacy. The results of clinical trials have demonstrated an efficacy of imipenem/relebactam similar to that of its comparator for the treatment of patients with HAP/VAP. Different studies have also shown its good safety profile, which is better than that of the combination of other β‐lactams with other antibiotics. Expert opinion: This drug should be incorporated as a new therapeutic option for the treatment of patients with HAP/VAP, especially as an alternative treatment in patients with confirmed infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives.
title: Assessment of Landslide Susceptibility and Hazard along the Northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast
Creators: name: Ivanov, Plamen
name: Nankin, Rosen
name: Zaalishvili, Vladislav
Publisher: name: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 392-404
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The Black Sea coast is one of the regions of Bulgaria with distribution of a significant part of the Bulgarian landslides. The analysis of the factors influencing the stability of the coastal slopes shows that they have a higher concentration and more intensive total impact on the northern part of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast, where most of the larger landslides are located. In this study, the Mora and Vahrson method was applied to estimate the landslide susceptibility along the northern Bulgarian Black Sea coast. This method is based on evaluation of various local factors for slope instability which are estimated using a Geographic Information System. The purpose of the study is to produce a landslide susceptibility map and to locate landslide-prone areas for this region.
description: Proceeding of 1st International Conference on Environmental Protection and Disaster RISKs, 2020, p. 392-404
Pathogenesis of Primary Orthostatic Tremor: Current Concepts and Controversies
Creators: name: Lenka, Abhishek
name: Pal, Pramod Kumar
name: Bhatti, Danish Ejaz
name: Louis, Elan D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurology
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Tremor
subject: Nervous system--Degeneration
subject: Cerebellum

description: Background: Orthostatic tremor (OT), a rare and complex movement disorder, is characterized by rapid tremor of both legs and the trunk while standing. These disappear while the patient is either lying down or walking. OT may be idiopathic/primary or it may coexist with several neurological conditions (secondary OT/OT plus). Primary OT remains an enigmatic movement disorder and its pathogenesis and neural correlates are not fully understood.

Methods: A PubMed search was conducted in July 2017 to identify articles for this review.

Results: Structural and functional neuroimaging studies of OT suggest possible alterations in the cerebello-thalamo-cortical network. As with essential tremor, the presence of a central oscillator has been postulated for OT; however, the location of the oscillator within the tremor network remains elusive. Studies have speculated a possible dopaminergic deficit in the pathogenesis of primary OT; however, the evidence in favor of this concept is not particularly robust. There is also limited evidence favoring the concept that primary OT is a neurodegenerative disorder, as a magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study revealed significant reduction in cerebral and cerebellar N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels, a marker of neuronal compromise or loss.

Discussion: Based on the above, it is clear that the pathogenesis of primary OT still remains unclear. However, the available evidence most strongly favors the existence of a central oscillatory network, and involvement of the cerebellum and its connections.
Fast computation of the performance evaluation of biometric systems: application to multibiometric
Creators: name: Giot, Romain
name: El-Abed, Mohamad
name: Rosenberger, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The performance evaluation of biometric systems is a crucial step when designing and evaluating such systems. The evaluation process uses the Equal Error Rate (EER) metric proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO/IEC). The EER metric is a powerful metric which allows easily comparing and evaluating biometric systems. However, the computation time of the EER is, most of the time, very intensive. In this paper, we propose a fast method which computes an approximated value of the EER. We illustrate the benefit of the proposed method on two applications: the computing of non parametric confidence intervals and the use of genetic algorithms to compute the parameters of fusion functions. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed EER approximation method in term of computing time, and the interest of its use to reduce the learning of parameters with genetic algorithms. The proposed method opens new perspectives for the development of secure multibiometrics systems by speeding up their computation time.
description: Future Generation Computer Systems (2012)
Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment of Pediatric Infections Attributable to Ingestion of Fecally Contaminated Domestic Soils in Low-Income Urban Maputo, Mozambique
Creators: name: Knee, Jackie
name: Capone, Drew
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Bivins, Aaron
name: Brown, Joe
name: Nalá, Rassul
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Year: 2021

description:
Rigorous studies of water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) suggest that children are exposed to enteric pathogens via multiple interacting pathways, including soil ingestion. In 30 compounds (household clusters) in low-income urban Maputo, Mozambique, we cultured Escherichia coli and quantified gene targets from soils (E. coli: ybbW, Shigella/enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC): ipaH, Giardia duodenalis: β-giardin) using droplet digital PCR at three compound locations (latrine entrance, solid waste area, dishwashing area). We found that 88% of samples were positive for culturable E. coli (mean = 3.2 log10 CFUs per gram of dry soil), 100% for molecular E. coli (mean = 5.9 log10 gene copies per gram of dry soil), 44% for ipaH (mean = 2.5 log10), and 41% for β-giardin (mean = 2.1 log10). Performing stochastic quantitative microbial risk assessment using soil ingestion parameters from an LMIC setting for children 12-23 months old, we estimated that the median annual infection risk by G. duodenalis was 7100-fold (71% annual infection risk) and by Shigella/EIEC was 4000-fold (40% annual infection risk) greater than the EPA's standard for drinking water. Compounds in Maputo, and similar settings, require contact and source control strategies to reduce the ingestion of contaminated soil and achieve acceptable levels of risk.
Excitation spectra of fragmented condensates by linear response: General theory and application to a condensate in a double-well potential
Creators: name: Grond, Julian
name: Streltsov, Alexej I.
name: Alon, Ofir E.
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear response of simple (i.e., condensed) Bose-Einstein condensates is known to lead to the Bogoliubov- de Gennes equations. Here, we derive linear response for fragmented Bose-Einstein condensates, i.e., for the case where the many-body wave function is not a product of one, but of several single-particle states (orbitals). Our approach is based on the number-conserving variational time-dependent mean field theory [O. E. Alon, A. I. Streltsov, and L. S. Cederbaum, Phys. Lett. A 362, 453 (2007)], which describes the time evolution of best-mean field states. Correspondingly, we call our linear response theory for fragmented states LR-BMF. In the derivation it follows naturally that excitations are orthogonal to the ground-state orbitals. As applications excitation spectra of Bose-Einstein condensates in double-well potentials are calculated. Both symmetric and asymmetric double-wells are studied for several interaction strengths and barrier heights. The cases of condensed and two-fold fragmented ground states are compared. Interestingly, even in such situations where the response frequencies of the two cases are computed to be close to each other, which is the situation for the excitations well below the barrier, striking differences in the density response in momentum space are found. For excitations with an energy of the order of the barrier height, both the energies and the density response of condensed and fragmented systems are very different. In fragmented systems there is a class of "swapped" excitations where an atom is transfered to the neighboring well. The mechanism of its origin is discussed. In asymmetric wells, the response of a fragmented system is purely local (i.e., finite in either one or the other well) with different frequencies for the left and right fragments.
description: revised version, 13 figures (1 figure added), 53 pages