cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
From the atmosphere to the circumstellar environment in cool evolved stars
Creators: name: Wittkowski, Markus
name: Paladini, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss and illustrate contributions that optical interferometry has made on our current understanding of cool evolved stars. We include red giant branch (RGB) stars, asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, and red supergiants (RSGs). Studies using optical interferometry from visual to mid-infrared wavelengths have greatly increased our knowledge of their atmospheres, extended molecular shells, dust formation, and winds. These processes and the morphology of the circumstellar environment are important for the further evolution of these stars toward planetary nebulae (PNe) and core-collapse supernovae (SNe), and for the return of material to the interstellar medium.
description: To appear in the Book of the VLTI School 2013, held 9-21 Sep 2013 Barcelonnette (France), "What the highest angular resolution can bring to stellar astrophysics?", Ed. Millour, Chiavassa, Bigot, Chesneau, Meilland, Stee, EAS Publications Series (2015)
Heterogeneity Impacts of Farmers’ Participation in Payment for Ecosystem Services Based on the Collective Action Framework
Creators: name: Qi, Yunyun
name: Chen, Tianyu
name: Su, Yue
name: Maiti, Arabinda
name: Su, Chong
name: Sannigrahi, Srikanta
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Tao, Shiqi
name: Jin, Cai
name: Cao, Jing
name: Li, Tan
name: Zhang, Tianye
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Payments for ecosystem services (PES) are designed to reduce the impact of human activities on eco-sensitive areas. PES programs often adopt economic-incentive and command-control strategies. Increasing the enthusiasm of farmers’ participation is crucial for the sustainability of PES programs and ecosystem restoration. The watershed ecological compensation in Xin’an River Basin is the first horizontal ecological compensation pilot in China. In this study, economic-incentive strategy and command-control strategies in living and farming are implemented simultaneously to improve water quality. Under the collective action framework, we analyze the drivers of farmers’ participation in three concurrent strategies using hierarchical linear models (HLM). The results show: (1) Overall, 81.79%, 76.26%, and 79.11% of farmers are willing to participate in economic-incentive strategy, command-control strategy in living, and command-control strategy in farming, respectively, while 18.21%, 23.74%, and 20.89% are from the village level. (2) Among statistically significant (p < 0.01) factors at the farmer level, social trust (β = 0.305), and social participation (β = 0.134) have positive effects on the economic-incentive strategy; the number of communication and entertainment equipment has a positive effect on the willingness to participate in command-control strategy in living (β = 0.287) and command-control strategy in farming (β = 0.336). (3) At the village level, village characteristics have a direct impact on the farmers’ willingness to participate in strategies. Village woodland area is positively correlated with strategies participation. In addition, village characteristics play a moderating role by influencing farmers’ sustainable livelihood capital. We conclude that different concurrent strategies and collective actions need to be considered in the design of PES programs, particularly in ecologically sensitive areas, which can enrich the theory of collective action and the connotation of PES.
Novel structures in Stanley sequences
Creators: name: Moy, Richard A.
name: Rolnick, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Given a set of integers with no three in arithmetic progression, we construct a Stanley sequence by adding integers greedily so that no arithmetic progression is formed. This paper offers two main contributions to the theory of Stanley sequences. First, we characterize well-structured Stanley sequences as solutions to constraints in modular arithmetic, defining the modular Stanley sequences. Second, we introduce the basic Stanley sequences, where elements arise as the sums of subsets of a basis sequence, which in the simplest case is the powers of 3. Applications of our results include the construction of Stanley sequences with arbitrarily large gaps between terms, answering a weak version of a problem by Erdős et al. Finally, we generalize many results about Stanley sequences to $p$-free sequences, where $p$ is any odd prime.
description: 15 pages, code for working with Stanley sequences available at https://github.com/drolnick/stanseq
Spin excitations in the two-dimensional strongly coupled dimer system malachite
Creators: name: Canevet, E.
name: Fak, B.
name: Kremer, R. K.
name: Chun, J. H.
name: Enderle, M.
name: Gordon, E. E.
name: Bettis, J. L.
name: Whangbo, M. -H.
name: Taylor, J. W.
name: Adroja, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mineral malachite, Cu2(OD)2CO3, has a quantum spin-liquid ground state and no long-range magnetic order down to at least T=0.4 K. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements show that the excitation spectrum consists of dispersive gapped singlet-triplet excitations, characteristic of spin-1/2 dimer-forming Heisenberg antiferromagnets. We identify a new two-dimensional dimerized coupling scheme with strong interdimer coupling J'/J1~0.3 that places malachite between strongly coupled alternating chains, square lattice antiferromagnets, and infinite-legged ladders. The geometry of the interaction scheme resembles the staggered dimer lattice, which may allow unconventional quantum criticality.
Conformable Fractional Semigroups of Operators
Creators: name: Horani, Mohammed AL
name: Khalil, Roshdi
name: Abdeljawad, Thabet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $X$ be a Banach space, and $T:[0,\infty)\rightarrow {\mathcal{L}}(X,X),$ the bounded linear operators on $X.$ A family $\{T(t)\}_{t\ge 0}\subseteq {% \mathcal{L}}(X,X)$ is called a one-parameter semigroup if $T(s+t)=T(s)T(t),$ and $T(0)=I,$ the identity operator on $X.$ The infinitesimal generator of the semigroup is the derivative of the semigroup at $t=0.$ The object of this paper is to introduce a (conformable) fractional semigroup of operators whose generator will be the fractional derivative of the semigroup at $t=0.$ The basic properties of such semigroups will be studied.
Screening of Hydroxyapatite Biomaterials for Alveolar Augmentation Using a Rat Calvaria Critical-Size Defect Model: Bone Formation/Maturation and Biomaterials Resolution
Creators: name: Susin, Cristiano
name: Finger Stadler, Amanda
name: Koo, Ki-Tae
name: Wikesjö, Ulf ME
name: Schüpbach, Peter
name: Fiorini, Tiago
name: Lee, Jaebum
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: Natural (bovine-/equine-/porcine-derived) or synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) biomaterials appear to be the preferred technologies among clinicians for bone augmentation procedures in preparation for implant dentistry. The aim of this study was to screen candidate HA biomaterials intended for alveolar ridge augmentation relative to their potential to support local bone formation/maturation and to assess biomaterial resorption using a routine critical-size rat calvaria defect model. Methods: Eighty adult male Sprague Dawley outbred rats obtained from a approved-breeder, randomized into groups of ten, were used. The calvaria defects (ø8 mm) either received sham surgery (empty control), Bio-Oss (bovine HA/reference control), or candidate biomaterials including bovine HA (Cerabone, DirectOss, 403Z013), and bovine (403Z014) or synthetic HA/ß-TCP (Reprobone, Ceraball) constructs. An 8 wk healing interval was used to capture the biomaterials’ resolution. Results: All biomaterials displayed biocompatibility. Strict HA biomaterials showed limited, if any, signs of biodegradation/resorption, with the biomaterial area fraction ranging from 22% to 42%. Synthetic HA/ß-TCP constructs showed limited evidence of biodegradation/erosion (biomaterial area fraction ≈30%). Mean linear defect closure in the sham-surgery control approximated 40%. Mean linear defect closure for the Bio-Oss reference control approximated 18% compared with 15–35% for the candidate biomaterials without significant differences between the controls and candidate biomaterials. Conclusions: None of the candidate HA biomaterials supported local bone formation/maturation beyond the native regenerative potential of this rodent model, pointing to their limitations for regenerative procedures. Biocompatibility and biomaterial dimensional stability could suggest their potential utility as long-term defect fillers.
An eigenvalue-based method and determinant representations for general integrable XXZ Richardson-Gaudin models
Creators: name: Claeys, Pieter W.
name: De Baerdemacker, Stijn
name: Van Raemdonck, Mario
name: Van Neck, Dimitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an extension of the numerical approach for integrable Richardson-Gaudin models based on a new set of eigenvalue-based variables. Starting solely from the Gaudin algebra, the approach is generalized towards the full class of XXZ Richardson-Gaudin models. This allows for a fast and robust numerical determination of the spectral properties of these models, avoiding the singularities usually arising at the so-called singular points. We also provide different determinant expressions for the normalization of the Bethe Ansatz states and form factors of local spin operators, opening up possibilities for the study of larger systems, both integrable and non-integrable. These expressions can be written in terms of the new set of variables and generalize the results previously obtained for rational Richardson-Gaudin models and Dicke-Jaynes-Cummings-Gaudin models. Remarkably, these results are independent of the explicit parametrization of the Gaudin algebra, exposing a universality in the properties of Richardson-Gaudin integrable systems deeply linked to the underlying algebraic structure.
Do Families Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences Report Family Centered Care?
Creators: name: Moehling Geffel, Krissy
name: Lombardi, Brianna M.
name: d. Zerden, Lisa
name: Lee, Hyunji
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: Youth from marginalized groups may be less likely to receive quality health care services. Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are known to impact long-term health, but it is unclear if there is a relationship between ACEs and receipt of Family Centered Care (FCC)—one indicator of high-quality health care. To assess this relationship, this study used a nationally representative sample of youth from the National Survey of Children’s Health 2016–2017 combined data set. Caregivers of children who had at least one health care visit in the last 12 months (sub-sample n = 63,662) were asked about five indicators of FCC including if they felt the provider: (1) spent enough time, (2) listened carefully, (3) helped family feel like a partner, (4) provided information requested, and (5) showed sensitivity to culture. Methods: Logistic regression analyses examined the association between ACE score and each FCC quality indicator, as well between ACEs score and the overall FCC dichotomous score. Results: ACE exposure did not significantly predict access to a health care visit in the past 12 months. However, children with higher rates of ACEs were significantly less likely to receive FCC. Other factors that significantly predicted lower FCC included child race and ethnicity, insurance type, language in the home, and access to a regular health provider. Conclusions: Providers and health systems must identify, implement, and advocate for effective trauma-informed and care coordination interventions that ensure quality health care services for vulnerable children and families.
Replica theory for disorder-free spin-lattice glass transition on a tree-like simplex network
Creators: name: Mitsumoto, Kota
name: Yoshino, Hajime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A class of pyrochlore oxides, $A_2$Mo$_2$O$_7$ ($A =$ Ho, Y, Dy, Tb) with magnetic ions on corner-sharing tetrahedra is known to exhibit spin-glass transitions without appreciable amount of quenched disorder. Recently a disorder-free theoretical model for such a system has been proposed which takes into account not only spins but also lattice distortions as dynamical variables [K. Mitsumoto, C. Hotta and H. Yoshino, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 087201 (2020)]. In the present paper we develop and analyze an exactly solvable disorder-free mean-field model which is a higher-dimensional counterpart of the model. We find the system exhibit complex free-energy landscape accompanying replica symmetry breaking through the spin-lattice coupling.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Invasive Fungal Diseases in Africa: A Critical Literature Review
Creators: name: Pebolo, Francis Pebalo
name: Kwizera, Richard
name: Nsenga, Lauryn
name: Manga, Musa
name: Itam-Eyo, Asa
name: Kibone, Winnie
name: Kuate, Marius Paulin Ngouanom
name: Olum, Ronald
name: Ekeng, Bassey E.
name: Davies, Adeyinka A.
name: Baluku, Joseph Baruch
name: Ocansey, Bright
name: Bongomin, Felix
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are of huge concern in resource-limited settings, particularly in Africa, due to the unavailability of diagnostic armamentarium for IFDs, thus making definitive diagnosis challenging. IFDs have non-specific systemic manifestations overlapping with more frequent illnesses, such as tuberculosis, HIV, and HIV-related opportunistic infections and malignancies. Consequently, IFDs are often undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. We critically reviewed the available literature on IFDs in Africa to provide a better understanding of their epidemiology, disease burden to guide future research and interventions. Cryptococcosis is the most encountered IFD in Africa, accounting for most of the HIV-related deaths in sub-Saharan Africa. Invasive aspergillosis, though somewhat underdiagnosed and/or misdiagnosed as tuberculosis, is increasingly being reported with a similar predilection towards people living with HIV. More cases of histoplasmosis are also being reported with recent epidemiological studies, particularly from Western Africa, showing high prevalence rates amongst presumptive tuberculosis patients and patients living with HIV. The burden of pneumocystis pneumonia has reduced significantly probably due to increased uptake of anti-retroviral therapy among people living with HIV both in Africa, and globally. Mucormycosis, talaromycosis, emergomycosis, blastomycosis, and coccidiomycosis have also been reported but with very few studies from the literature. The emergence of resistance to most of the available antifungal drugs in Africa is yet of huge concern as reported in other regions. IFDs in Africa is much more common than it appears and contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality. Huge investment is needed to drive awareness and fungi related research especially in diagnostics and antifungal therapy.
An Integrated Conceptual Model to Understand Suicidality among Queer Youth to Inform Suicide Prevention
Creators: name: Rizo, Cynthia Fraga
name: Dawes, Hayden C.
name: Goldbach, Jeremy T.
name: Williams, Denise Yookong
name: Hall, William J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: In this article, we apply and combine elements from four theoretical frameworks (i.e., Minority Stress Theory, Person-in-Environment and Risk and Resilience Framework, Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide, and Intersectionality) to explain the problem of queer youth suicide through our integrated conceptual model, Queer Prevention of Youth Suicidality Model (Queer-PRYSM). The need for this conceptual model is based on the current state of the literature, including mixed empirical findings on factors related to queer youth suicidality, no scholarly consensus on specific contributing factors regarding high rates of suicidality among queer youth (including queer youth subgroups), and the absence of a unifying theory to explain the queer youth suicide risk. To address these limitations in theory, evidence, and scholarship explaining suicidality among queer youth we present our integrated model with growing, current, relevant research with queer youth. Queer-PRYSM includes minority stressors specific to queer youth, mental health problems, interpersonal-psychological factors, socioecological factors (i.e., family, school, peers, and community), and intersectionality concepts. Queer-PRYSM is essential to understanding the relationship of distal and proximal risk and protective factors in queer youth suicide and developing evidence-informed suicide preventive interventions that can be incorporated into practice, policy, and system structures.
The conformal gauge to the derivative gauge for worldsheet gravity
Creators: name: Upadhyay, Sudhaker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BRST quantizations of worldsheet gravity corresponding to final more acceptable derivative gauge and the standard conformal gauge are studied. We establish a mapping between these two gauges utilizing FFBRST formulation in standard way. Therefore, we are able to declare that the problems associated with Virasoro constraints are the gauge artifact.
description: 7 pages, Revtex, Published in Phys. Lett. B. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:hep-th/9404170 by other authors
Effective electric and magnetic polarizabilities of pointlike spin-1/2 particles
Creators: name: Silenko, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective electric and magnetic polarizabilities of pointlike spin-1/2 particles possesing an anomalous magnetic moment are calculated with the transformation of an initial Hamiltonian to the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation. Polarizabilities of spin-1/2 and spin-1 particles are compared.
description: 5 pages, appears in Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters, 2014, Vol. 11, No. 6
Fast likelihood-based change point detection
Creators: name: Tatti, Nikolaj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Change point detection plays a fundamental role in many real-world applications, where the goal is to analyze and monitor the behaviour of a data stream. In this paper, we study change detection in binary streams. To this end, we use a likelihood ratio between two models as a measure for indicating change. The first model is a single bernoulli variable while the second model divides the stored data in two segments, and models each segment with its own bernoulli variable. Finding the optimal split can be done in $O(n)$ time, where $n$ is the number of entries since the last change point. This is too expensive for large $n$. To combat this we propose an approximation scheme that yields $(1 - ε)$ approximation in $O(ε^{-1} \log^2 n)$ time. The speed-up consists of several steps: First we reduce the number of possible candidates by adopting a known result from segmentation problems. We then show that for fixed bernoulli parameters we can find the optimal change point in logarithmic time. Finally, we show how to construct a candidate list of size $O(ε^{-1} \log n)$ for model parameters. We demonstrate empirically the approximation quality and the running time of our algorithm, showing that we can gain a significant speed-up with a minimal average loss in optimality.
Growth of and optical emission from GaMnAs thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Creators: name: Xu, J. F.
name: Liu, S. W.
name: Xiao, M.
name: Thibado, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GaMnAs thin films with different Mn doping concentrations were grown via molecular beam epitaxy using a substrate temperature of 250 °C. The thin films were investigated using photoluminescence (PL) measurements from 8 to 300 K. Transitions involving Mn acceptors were identified and a binding energy of ~0.1 eV was found. A Mn doping concentration dependent PL spectrum was found to lend insight into the film quality at a local level. Temperature dependent PL studies show that the doping related emissions drop faster in energy than other peaks with increasing temperature, indicating that they are more sensitive to changes in the surrounding environment.
description: 8 pags, 3 figures, 1 table
Additional file 27 of The genome and transcriptome of the snail Biomphalaria sudanica s.l.: immune gene diversification and highly polymorphic genomic regions in an important African vector of Schistosoma mansoni
Creators: name: Pennance, Tom
name: Calvelo, Javier
name: Tennessen, Jacob A.
name: Burd, Ryan
name: Cayton, Jared
name: Bollmann, Stephanie R.
name: Blouin, Michael S.
name: Spaan, Johannie M.
name: Hoffmann, Federico G.
name: Ogara, George
name: Rawago, Fredrick
name: Andiego, Kennedy
name: Mulonga, Boaz
name: Odhiambo, Meredith
name: Loker, Eric S.
name: Laidemitt, Martina R.
name: Lu, Lijun
name: Iriarte, Andrés
name: Odiere, Maurice R.
name: Steinauer, Michelle L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 27: Supplementary File 5. File providing the REVIGO [74] TreeMap summaries of the GO terms enriched among the protein families, showing significant expansions and contractions for each node (excluding outgroups) of the species tree generated in Orthofinder using the Species Tree of All Genes (STAG) algorithm [68, 75].
Anisotropic Compact Stars in $f(T)$ Gravity
Creators: name: Abbas, G.
name: Kanwal, Afshan
name: Zubair, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the theoretical modeling of anisotropic compact stars in the framework of $f(T)$ theory of gravity, where $T$ is torsion scalar. To this end, we have used the exact solutions of Krori and Barua metric to a static spherically symmetric metric. The unknown constants involved in the Krori and Barua metric have been specified by using the masses and radii of compact stars 4$U$1820-30, Her X-1, SAX J 1808-3658. The physical properties of these stars have been analyzed in the framework of $f(T)$ theory. In this setting, we have checked the anisotropic behavior, regularity conditions, stability and surface redshift of the compact stars.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
How Timely Is Diagnosis of Lung Cancer? Cohort Study of Individuals with Lung Cancer Presenting in Ambulatory Care in the United States
Creators: name: Lybarger, Kevin
name: Thompson, Caroline A.
name: Schleyer, Anneliese M.
name: Farjah, Farhood
name: Au, Maggie A.
name: Kessler, Larry G.
name: Yetisgen, Meliha
name: Sarma, Elizabeth A.
name: Turner, Grace
name: Prado, Maria G.
name: Stephens, Kari A.
name: Walter, Fiona M.
name: Thompson, Matthew
name: Al Achkar, Morhaf
name: Kowalski, Lesleigh
name: Burkhardt, Hannah A.
name: Zigman Suchsland, Monica
name: Neal, Richard D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The diagnosis of lung cancer in ambulatory settings is often challenging due to non-specific clinical presentation, but there are currently no clinical quality measures (CQMs) in the United States used to identify areas for practice improvement in diagnosis. We describe the pre-diagnostic time intervals among a retrospective cohort of 711 patients identified with primary lung cancer from 2012–2019 from ambulatory care clinics in Seattle, Washington USA. Electronic health record data were extracted for two years prior to diagnosis, and Natural Language Processing (NLP) applied to identify symptoms/signs from free text clinical fields. Time points were defined for initial symptomatic presentation, chest imaging, specialist consultation, diagnostic confirmation, and treatment initiation. Median and interquartile ranges (IQR) were calculated for intervals spanning these time points. The mean age of the cohort was 67.3 years, 54.1% had Stage III or IV disease and the majority were diagnosed after clinical presentation (94.5%) rather than screening (5.5%). Median intervals from first recorded symptoms/signs to diagnosis was 570 days (IQR 273–691), from chest CT or chest X-ray imaging to diagnosis 43 days (IQR 11–240), specialist consultation to diagnosis 72 days (IQR 13–456), and from diagnosis to treatment initiation 7 days (IQR 0–36). Symptoms/signs associated with lung cancer can be identified over a year prior to diagnosis using NLP, highlighting the need for CQMs to improve timeliness of diagnosis.
On the two-loop corrections to the Higgs mass in trilinear R-parity violation
Creators: name: Dreiner, Herbi K.
name: Nickel, Kilian
name: Staub, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the impact of large trilinear R-parity violating couplings on the lightest CP-even Higgs boson mass in supersymmetric models. We use the publicly available computer codes SARAH and SPheno to compute the leading two-loop corrections. We use the effective potential approach. For not too heavy third generation squarks (< 1 TeV) and couplings close to the unitarity bound we find positive corrections up to a few GeV in the Higgs mass.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Roughness in Anti Semigroup
Creators: name: Abdunabi, Faraj. A.
name: shletiet, Ahmed
name: Bosaif, Najah. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we present the concepts of the upper and lower approximations of Anti-rough subgroups, Anti-rough subsemigroups, and homeomorphisms of Anti-Rough anti-semigroups in approximation spaces. Specify the concepts of rough in Finite anti-groups of types(4) are studies. Moreover, some properties of approximations and these algebraic structures are introduced. In addition, we give the definition of homomorphism anti-group.
Additional file 28 of The genome and transcriptome of the snail Biomphalaria sudanica s.l.: immune gene diversification and highly polymorphic genomic regions in an important African vector of Schistosoma mansoni
Creators: name: Pennance, Tom
name: Calvelo, Javier
name: Tennessen, Jacob A.
name: Burd, Ryan
name: Cayton, Jared
name: Bollmann, Stephanie R.
name: Blouin, Michael S.
name: Spaan, Johannie M.
name: Hoffmann, Federico G.
name: Ogara, George
name: Rawago, Fredrick
name: Andiego, Kennedy
name: Mulonga, Boaz
name: Odhiambo, Meredith
name: Loker, Eric S.
name: Laidemitt, Martina R.
name: Lu, Lijun
name: Iriarte, Andrés
name: Odiere, Maurice R.
name: Steinauer, Michelle L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 28: Supplementary File 6. Description of RNA extraction methods, quantification, and pooling for sequencing.
Lead/Drug Discovery from Natural Resources
Creators: name: Xu, Zhihong
name: Duffy-Matzner, Jetty
name: Klausner, Eytan A.
name: Zheng, Weifan
name: Eichler, Barrett
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Natural products and their derivatives have been shown to be effective drug candidates against various diseases for many years. Over a long period of time, nature has produced an abundant and prosperous source pool for novel therapeutic agents with distinctive structures. Major natural-product-based drugs approved for clinical use include anti-infectives and anticancer agents. This paper will review some natural-product-related potent anticancer, anti-HIV, antibacterial and antimalarial drugs or lead compounds mainly discovered from 2016 to 2022. Structurally typical marine bioactive products are also included. Molecular modeling, machine learning, bioinformatics and other computer-assisted techniques that are very important in narrowing down bioactive core structural scaffolds and helping to design new structures to fight against key disease-associated molecular targets based on available natural products are considered and briefly reviewed.
Revelation of Mott insulating state in layered honeycomb lattice Li$_2$RuO$_3$
Creators: name: Bansal, Sakshi
name: Ali, Asif
name: Reddy, B. H.
name: Singh, Ravi Shankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the role of electron correlation in the electronic structure of honeycomb lattice Li$_2$RuO$_3$ using photoemission spectroscopy and band structure calculations. Monoclinic Li$_2$RuO$_3$ having Ru network as honeycomb lattice undergoes magneto-structural transition at T$_c$ $\sim$ 540 K from high temperature phase $C2/m$ to low temperature dimerized phase $P2_1/m$. Room temperature valence band photoemission spectra reveal an insulating ground state with no intensity at Fermi level ($E_F$). Ru 4$d$ band extracted from high and low photon energy valence band photoemission spectra reveal that the surface and bulk electronic structures are very similar in this system. Band structure calculations using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) leads to metallic ground state while screened hybrid (YS-PBE0) functional reveals opening up of a gap in almost degenerate $d_{zx}$/$d_{yz}$ orbital, whereas $d_{xy}$ orbital is already gapped. Ru 3$d$ core level spectra with prominent unscreened feature provides direct evidence of strong electron correlation among Ru 4$d$ electrons which is also manifested by $|E-E_F|^2$ dependence of spectral density of states (DOS) in the vicinity of $E_F$ in the high-resolution spectra, establishing Li$_2$RuO$_3$ as Mott insulator.
Family interactions in toddlerhood influence social competence in preschool age: Accounting for genetic and prenatal influences
Creators: name: Leve, Leslie D.
name: Neiderhiser, Jenae M.
name: Reiss, David
name: Ganiban, Jody M.
name: Shaw, Daniel S.
name: Ramos, Amanda M.
name: Shewark, Elizabeth A.
name: Natsuaki, Misaki N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Identification of early promotive and risk factors for social competence is important for fostering children’s successful social development; particularly given social competence is essential for children’s later academic and psychological well-being. While research suggests that the early parent–child relationship, genetics, and prenatal influences are associated with social competence, there is less research considering how these factors may operate together to shape children’s social competence in early childhood. Using a genetically informed sample from the Early Growth and Development Study (N = 561), we examined multiple levels of influence (i.e., genetic, prenatal, parenting, and child characteristics) on children’s social competence at 4.5 years old. Results from structural equation models showed adoptive mother overreactivity at 18 months was positively associated with child dysregulation at 27 months, which, in turn, was associated with lower levels of social competence at 4.5 years. Also, child reactivity at 18 months was independently associated with higher levels of adoptive mother overreactivity at 27 months, which, in turn, was associated with lower levels of social competence at 4.5 years. Finally, we found an evocative effect on adoptive fathers’ overreactivity at 18 months such that prenatal birth mother distress was negatively associated with adoptive fathers’ overreactivity at 18 months. Overall, this study found evidence for genetic influences, and bidirectional associations between parent and child in toddlerhood that are related to lower levels of social competence when children were 4.5 years old. We also found that the prenatal environment was associated with parenting, but not with child behavior directly. This study’s ability to simultaneously examine multiple domains of influence helps provide a more comprehensive picture of important mechanisms and developmental periods for children’s early social competence.
Search for a light Higgs resonance in radiative decays of the Y(1S) with a charm tag
Creators: name: The BABAR Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is presented for the decay Y(1S) -> gamma A0, A0 -> cc-bar, where A0 is a candidate for the CP-odd Higgs boson of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. The search is based on data collected with the BABAR detector at the Y(2S) resonance. A sample of Y(1S) mesons is selected via the decay Y(2S) -> pi+pi-Y(1S). The A0 -> cc-bar decay is identified through the reconstruction of hadronic D0, D+, and D*(2010)+ meson decays. No significant signal is observed. The measured 90% confidence-level upper limits on the product branching fraction B(Y(1S) -> gamma A0) x B(A0 -> cc-bar) range from 7.4 x 10^-5 to 2.4 x 10^-3 for A0 masses from 4.00 to 8.95 GeV/c^2 and 9.10 to 9.25 GeV/c^2, where the region between 8.95 and 9.10 GeV/c^2 is excluded because of background from Y(2S) -> gamma chi_bJ(1P), chi_bJ(1P) -> gamma Y(1S) decays.
description: 8 pages, 8 postscript figures, submitted to PRD-RC
RTS,S vaccination is associated with reduced parasitemia and anemia among children diagnosed with malaria in the outpatient department of a district hospital in rural Malawi
Creators: name: Kaphatika, James G.
name: Chagomerana, Maganizo B.
name: Mafunga, Pilirani
name: Todd, Jacob L.
name: Mvalo, Tisungane
name: Topazian, Hillary M.
name: Zulu, Madalitso
name: Mapanje, Clement
name: Hoffman, Irving
name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine was recently approved by the World Health Organization, but real-world effectiveness is still being evaluated. We measured hemoglobin concentration and parasite density in vaccinated and unvaccinated children who had been diagnosed with malaria by rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) in the outpatient department of a rural hospital in Malawi. Considering all mRDT positive participants, the mean hemoglobin concentration among unvaccinated participants was 9.58 g/dL. There was improvement to 9.82 g/dL and 10.36 g/dL in the 1 or 2 dose group (p = 0.6) and the 3 or 4 dose group (p = 0.0007), respectively. Among a microscopy positive subset of participants, mean hemoglobin concentration of unvaccinated participants was 9.55 g/dL with improvement to 9.82 g/dL in the 1 or 2 dose group (p = 0.6) and 10.41 g/dL in the 3 or 4 dose group (p = 0.003). Mean parasite density also decreased from 115,154 parasites/μL in unvaccinated children to 87,754 parasites/μL in children who had received at least one dose of RTS,S (p = 0.04). In this study population, vaccination was associated with significant improvements in both hemoglobin concentration and parasite density in the setting of real-world administration of the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine.
Effective Hamiltonian for two interacting double-dot exchange-only qubits and their controlled-NOT operations
Creators: name: Ferraro, E.
name: De Michielis, M.
name: Fanciulli, M.
name: Prati, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Double-dot exchange-only qubit represents a promising compromise between high speed and simple fabrication in solid-state implementations. A couple of interacting double-dot exchange-only qubits, each composed by three electrons distributed in a double quantum dot, is exploited to realize controlled-NOT (CNOT) operations. The effective Hamiltonian model of the composite system is expressed by only exchange interactions between pairs of spins. Consequently, the evolution operator has a simple form and represents the starting point for the research of sequences of operations that realize CNOT gates. Two different geometrical configurations of the pair are considered, and a numerical mixed simplex and genetic algorithm is used. We compare the nonphysical case in which all the interactions are controllable from the external and the realistic condition in which intra-dot interactions are fixed by the geometry of the system. In the latter case, we find the CNOT sequences for both the geometrical configurations and we considered a qubit system where electrons are electrostatically confined in two quantum dots in a silicon nanowire. The effects of the geometrical sizes of the nanowire and of the gates on the fundamental parameters controlling the qubit are studied by exploiting a spin-density-functional theory-based simulator. Consequently, CNOT gate performances are evaluated.
Cross-continental collaboration for understanding postpartum major depression with psychotic features
Creators: name: Kamperman, Astrid
name: Gilden, Janneke
name: Putnam, Karen
name: Meltzer-Brody, Samantha
name: Schiller, Crystal
name: Chandra, Prabha
name: Madhuri, H. N.
name: Bergink, Veerle
name: Kimmel, Mary
name: Weinel, Katie
name: Thippeswamy, Harish
name: Rackers, Hannah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Purpose Assess postpartum depression and psychotic symptoms from three continents. Methods Compare numbers of women with depression and psychotic symptoms, mania with or without psychotic features, or transient non-affective psychosis and medication choice. Results The prevalence of postpartum depression and psychosis and treatment choice differed at each site. Conclusions Best treatment for postpartum depression with psychotic features has not been established yet. Cross-continental collaboration with similar assessments holds promise to develop best practices for these high risk mother-infant dyads.
Cosmology and Astrophysics from Relaxed Galaxy Clusters I: Sample Selection
Creators: name: Mantz, Adam B.
name: Allen, Steven W.
name: Morris, R. Glenn
name: Schmidt, Robert W.
name: von der Linden, Anja
name: Urban, Ondrej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first in a series of papers studying the astrophysics and cosmology of massive, dynamically relaxed galaxy clusters. Here we present a new, automated method for identifying relaxed clusters based on their morphologies in X-ray imaging data. While broadly similar to others in the literature, the morphological quantities that we measure are specifically designed to provide a fair basis for comparison across a range of data quality and cluster redshifts, to be robust against missing data due to point-source masks and gaps between detectors, and to avoid strong assumptions about the cosmological background and cluster masses. Based on three morphological indicators - Symmetry, Peakiness and Alignment - we develop the SPA criterion for relaxation. This analysis was applied to a large sample of cluster observations from the Chandra and ROSAT archives. Of the 361 clusters which received the SPA treatment, 57 (16 per cent) were subsequently found to be relaxed according to our criterion. We compare our measurements to similar estimators in the literature, as well as projected ellipticity and other image measures, and comment on trends in the relaxed cluster fraction with redshift, temperature, and survey selection method. Code implementing our morphological analysis will be made available on the web.
description: MNRAS, in press. 43 pages in total, of which 17 are tables (please think twice before printing). 18 figures, 4 tables. Machine-readable tables will be available from the journal and at the url below; code will be posted at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~amantz/work/morph14/
Time evolution in a geometric model of a particle
Creators: name: Atiyah, Michael
name: Franchetti, Guido
name: Schroers, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the properties of a (4+1)-dimensional Ricci-flat spacetime which may be viewed as an evolving Taub-NUT geometry, and give exact solutions of the Maxwell and gauged Dirac equation on this background. We interpret these solutions in terms of a geometric model of the electron and its spin, and discuss links between the resulting picture and Dirac's Large Number Hypothesis.
description: 18 pages
ExClaim: Explainable Neural Claim Verification Using Rationalization
Creators: name: Gurrapu, Sai
name: Huang, Lifu
name: Batarseh, Feras A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the advent of deep learning, text generation language models have improved dramatically, with text at a similar level as human-written text. This can lead to rampant misinformation because content can now be created cheaply and distributed quickly. Automated claim verification methods exist to validate claims, but they lack foundational data and often use mainstream news as evidence sources that are strongly biased towards a specific agenda. Current claim verification methods use deep neural network models and complex algorithms for a high classification accuracy but it is at the expense of model explainability. The models are black-boxes and their decision-making process and the steps it took to arrive at a final prediction are obfuscated from the user. We introduce a novel claim verification approach, namely: ExClaim, that attempts to provide an explainable claim verification system with foundational evidence. Inspired by the legal system, ExClaim leverages rationalization to provide a verdict for the claim and justifies the verdict through a natural language explanation (rationale) to describe the model's decision-making process. ExClaim treats the verdict classification task as a question-answer problem and achieves a performance of 0.93 F1 score. It provides subtasks explanations to also justify the intermediate outcomes. Statistical and Explainable AI (XAI) evaluations are conducted to ensure valid and trustworthy outcomes. Ensuring claim verification systems are assured, rational, and explainable is an essential step toward improving Human-AI trust and the accessibility of black-box systems.
description: Published at 2022 IEEE 29th STC
Additional file 1 of Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021
Creators: name: Vaillancourt, Caroline
name: Ahmed, Mavra
name: Kirk, Sara
name: Labonté, Marie-Ève
name: Laar, Amos
name: Mah, Catherine L.
name: Minaker, Leia
name: Olstad, Dana Lee
name: Potvin Kent, Monique
name: Provencher, Véronique
name: Prowse, Rachel
name: Raine, Kim D.
name: Schram, Ashley
name: Zavala-Mora, Daniela
name: Rancourt-Bouchard, Maryka
name: Vanderlee, Lana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. PRISMA Checklist. This file contains the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist used to support adequate reporting (for items applicable to the present work).
Get the happiness out–An online experiment on the causal effects of positive emotions on giving
Creators: name: Köbrich León, Anja
name: Schobin, Janosch
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 300
subject: 330
subject: Experiment
subject: Feldexperiment
subject: Kausalität
subject: Freiwilligkeit
subject: geben
subject: Spende
subject: Glück
subject: Gefühl

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
description: Financial support for this project by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the funding priority “FONA 3 - Research for Sustainable Development”
Additional file 2 of Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021
Creators: name: Vaillancourt, Caroline
name: Ahmed, Mavra
name: Kirk, Sara
name: Labonté, Marie-Ève
name: Laar, Amos
name: Mah, Catherine L.
name: Minaker, Leia
name: Olstad, Dana Lee
name: Potvin Kent, Monique
name: Provencher, Véronique
name: Prowse, Rachel
name: Raine, Kim D.
name: Schram, Ashley
name: Zavala-Mora, Daniela
name: Rancourt-Bouchard, Maryka
name: Vanderlee, Lana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Full search strategies for all databases Web of Science, CAB Abstracts and Ovid MEDLINE databases. This file contains the search strategies used for this review for each of the databases.
Additional file 3 of Food environment research in Canada: a rapid review of methodologies and measures deployed between 2010 and 2021
Creators: name: Vaillancourt, Caroline
name: Ahmed, Mavra
name: Kirk, Sara
name: Labonté, Marie-Ève
name: Laar, Amos
name: Mah, Catherine L.
name: Minaker, Leia
name: Olstad, Dana Lee
name: Potvin Kent, Monique
name: Provencher, Véronique
name: Prowse, Rachel
name: Raine, Kim D.
name: Schram, Ashley
name: Zavala-Mora, Daniela
name: Rancourt-Bouchard, Maryka
name: Vanderlee, Lana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Screening tool. This file contains the screening tool used in this review to guide the screening process and ensure consistency.