cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a Dusty, Chemically Mature Companion to a z$\sim$4 Starburst Galaxy in JWST ERS Data
Creators: name: Peng, Bo
name: Vishwas, Amit
name: Stacey, Gordon
name: Nikola, Thomas
name: Lamarche, Cody
name: Rooney, Christopher
name: Ball, Catie
name: Ferkinhoff, Carl
name: Spoon, Henrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of two companion sources to a strongly lensed galaxy SPT0418-47 ("ring") at redshift 4.225, targeted by the JWST Early Release Science program. We confirm that these sources are at a similar redshift as the ring based on H$α$ detected in the NIRSpec spectrum, and [C II] 158 $μ$m line from ALMA. Using multiple spectral lines detected in JWST/NIRSpec, the rest-frame optical to infrared images from NIRCam and MIRI, and far-infrared (FIR) dust continuum detected by ALMA, we argue that the newly discovered sources are actually lensed images of the same companion galaxy, hereafter referred to as SPT0418-SE ("SE"), located within 5 kpc in the source plane of the ring. The star formation rate derived using [C II] and dust continuum puts a lower limit of 17 M$_\odot$/yr, while the SFR$_\mathrm{Hα}$ is estimated to be >2 times lower, thereby confirming that SE is a heavily dust obscured star-forming galaxy. Analysis using optical strong line diagnostics suggests that SE has near solar elemental abundance, while the ring appears to have super-solar metallicity O/H and N/O. We attempt to reconcile the high metallicity in this system by invoking early onset of star formation with continuous high star forming efficiency, or that optical strong line diagnostics need revision at high redshift. We suggest that SPT0418-47 resides in a massive dark matter halo with yet to be discovered neighbors. This work highlights the importance of joint analysis of JWST and ALMA data for a deep and complete picture of the early Universe.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by ApJL
Now and then: Perspectives on positional variance in temporal demonstratives
Creators: name: Anand, Pranav
name: Toosarvandani, Maziar
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Despite its reputation as an archetypal example of indexicality, the temporal adverb now has many non-indexical uses. It is not surprising, then, that recent work has instead focused on an intuition that now evokes some notion of change or contrast in the preceding discourse. We argue that this intuition should not be directly encoded in the semantics of now, but rather should be derived as a product of how its semantics interacts with information structure. Our argument is guided by a previously unnoticed contrast in its interpretation based on its position in the sentence. We propose that, in sentence-initial position, now is a contrastive topic, which contributes to the intuition that it “pushes forward” the narrative. Its true semantic shape is revealed in final position. This is, we propose, indexical, though not to the utterance time, but a more flexible assessment time. We extend our account of now to then, treating them as a proximal-distal pair of temporal demonstratives, identifying some similarities and some differences in how they are interpreted in a narrative.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Dynamics of an HIV/AIDS transmission model with protection awareness and fluctuations
Creators: name: Zhai, Xuanpei
name: Li, Wenshuang
name: Wei, Fengying
name: Mao, Xuerong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We establish a stochastic HIV/AIDS model for the individuals with protection awareness and reveal how the protection awareness plays its important role in the control of AIDS. We firstly show that there exists a global positive solution for the stochastic model. By constructing Lyapunov functions, the ergodic stationary distribution when $R_{0}^{s}>1$ and the extinction when $R_{0}^{e}<1$ for the stochastic model are obtained. A number of numerical simulations by using positive preserving truncated Euler-Maruyama method (PPTEM) are performed to illustrate the theoretical results. Our new results show that the detailed publicity has great impact on the control of AIDS compared with the extensive publicity, while the continuous antiretroviral therapy (ART) is helpful in the control of HIV/AIDS.
A topological spin glass in diluted spin ice
Creators: name: Sen, Arnab
name: Moessner, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is a salient experimental fact that a large fraction of candidate spin liquid materials freeze as the temperature is lowered. The question naturally arises whether such freezing is intrinsic to the spin liquid ("disorder-free glassiness") or extrinsic, in the sense that a topological phase simply coexists with standard freezing of impurities. Here, we demonstrate a surprising third alternative, namely that freezing and topological liquidity are inseparably linked. The topological phase reacts to the introduction of disorder by generating degrees of freedom of a new type (along with interactions between them), which in turn undergo a freezing transition while the topological phase supporting them remains intact.
description: 4 pages + supplementary material
Magnetic reconnection in the wakes of cosmic strings
Creators: name: Kumar, Dilip
name: Sanyal, Soma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of cosmic strings in the universe leads to the generation of wakes behind them. We study magnetized wakes of cosmic strings moving in the post recombination plasma. We show that magnetic reconnection can occur in the post shock region. Since the width of the cosmic string wake is very small, the reconnection occurs over a very short lengthscale. The reconnection leads to a large amount of kinetic energy being released in the post shock region of the cosmic string wake. This enhances the kinetic energy released during the reconnection. We make a rudimentary estimate of the kinetic energy released by the magnetic reconnection in cosmic strings wakes and show that it can account for low energy Gamma Ray Bursts (GRB) in the post recombination era.
description: 11 pages 1 figure
Contradiction-free strengthening and alternative discharge: The case of Farsi -i indefinites.
Creators: name: Alonso-Ovalle, Luis
name: Moghiseh, Esmail
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Existential Free Choice Items (EFCIs) differ from each other both within and across languages with respect to a number of parameters (Alonso-Ovalle and Mene´ndez-Benito, 2015; Chierchia, 2013). Our understanding of the possible variation within this class of items is rather limited, however, because the sample of EFCIs that have been studied in depth is also quite narrow. This paper contributes new data. We zoom in on a variety of indefinites in Farsi (Indo-Iranian), which we call -i indefinites (i-INDs for short), that share some core properties of EFCIs. The paper has two main goals. It discusses (a) where i-INDs fit crosslinguistically, and (b) how they fit within the type of alternative-based theory of EFCIs developed in Chierchia (2013). With respect to (a), the paper shows that i-INDs pattern with other EFCIs in modal and downward entailing contexts, but, surprisingly, with ordinary indefinites in unembedded contexts. With respect to (b), the paper shows that the behavior of i-INDs is predicted by an alternative-based theory if, as a last resort strategy, some EFCIs allow for the deactivation of some of the alternatives that they invoke, under the threat of deriving a contradiction.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 1 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Search for neutralino pair production at the CERN LHC
Creators: name: Demirci, M.
name: Ahmadov, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the next-to-leading order (NLO) predictions for the neutralino pair production via quark-antiquark annihilation and gluon-gluon fusion at the CERN Large Hadron Collider, focusing on the lightest neutralino which is likely to be the lightest supersymmetric particle. The dependence of total LO, NLO cross sections, and $K$ factor on the center-of-mass energy, the $M_2$-$μ$ mass plane, the squark mass, and the factorization and renormalization scales is comprehensively analyzed for three different scenarios in the minimal supersymmetric standard model and the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model. We find that the LO cross section is considerably increased by the NLO correction, and the $K$ factor value is clearly related to the Higgsino/gaugino mass parameters, the squark mass, and the factorization and renormalization scales.
description: 18 pages, 29 figures, 3 tables
Coordinate-space approach to vacuum polarization
Creators: name: Indelicato, Paul
name: Mohr, Peter J.
name: Sapirstein, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vacuum-polarization correction for bound electrons or muons is examined. The objective is to formulate a framework for calculating the correction from bound-state quantum electrodynamics entirely in coordinate space, including the Uehling potential which is usually isolated and treated separately. Pauli-Villars regularization is applied to the coordinate-space calculation and the most singular terms are shown to be eliminated, leaving the physical correction after charge renormalization. The conventional derivation of the Uehling potential in momentum space is reviewed and compared to the coordinate-space derivation.
Intrinsic Isometric Embeddings of Pro-Euclidean Spaces
Creators: name: Minemyer, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46, 51, 52, 53

description: Petrunin proves that a metric space $\mathcal{X}$ admits an intrinsic isometry into $\mathbb{E}^n$ if and only if $\mathcal{X}$ is a pro-Euclidean space of rank at most $n$. He then shows that either case implies that $\mathcal{X}$ has covering dimension $\leq \, n$. In this paper we extend this result to include embeddings. Namely, we first prove that any pro-Euclidean space of rank at most $n$ admits an intrinsic isometric embedding into $\mathbb{E}^{2n+1}$. We then discuss how Petrunin's result implies a partial converse to this result.
Deployment of High Energy Physics software with a standard method
Creators: name: Hahn, Thomas
name: Verbytskyi, Andrii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The installation and maintenance of scientific software for research in experimental, phenomenological, and theoretical High Energy Physics (HEP) requires a considerable amount of time and expertise. While many tools are available to make the task of installation and maintenance much easier, many of these tools require maintenance on their own, have little documentation and very few are used outside of HEP community. For the installation and maintenance of the software, we rely on the well tested, extensively documented, and reliable stack of software management tools with the RPM Package Manager (RPM) at its core. The precompiled HEP software packages can be deployed easily and without detailed Linux system knowledge and are kept up-to-date through the regular system update process. The precompiled packages were tested on multiple installations of openSUSE, RHEL clones, and Fedora. As the RPM infrastructure is adopted by many Linux distributions, the approach can be used on more systems. In this contribution, we discuss our approach to software deployment in detail, present the software repositories for multiple RPM-based Linux distributions to a wider public and call for a collaboration for all the interested parties.
description: Contribution to ACAT2020 conference, 6 pages, 2 code listings
Underspecified changes: a dynamic, probabilistic frame theory for verbs
Creators: name: Naumann, Ralf
name: Petersen, Wiebke
name: Gamerschlag, Thomas
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The verb ‘rise’ can be used both with property-denoting nouns like ‘temperature’ but also with NPs like ‘a Titan’ or ‘China’. Whereas in the former case the change triggered by a rising event is directly related to the subject (its current value increases), this does not hold for ‘a titan’ or ‘China’. In this case it is a property of these objects, say their height or their political power, which increases in value. Furthermore, ‘rise’ does not target a particular property as the examples above show. This data has led Cooper (2010) to the conclusion that it is presumably not possible (i) “to extract a single general meaning of words which covers all the particular meanings of the word in context”, and (ii) “to determine once and for all the set of particular contextually determined meanings of a word”. In this article we present a solution to the two problems raised by ‘rise’ in a frame theory. ‘Rise’ is analyzed as a scalar verb which does not lexicalize a complete scale in its meaning. Rather, it shows underspecification relative to the dimension (property) parameter of a scale. The set of admissible properties is determined by a constraint on the value ranges of properties. If the property is not uniquely determined by the subject, the comprehender uses probabilistic reasoning based on world knowledge and discourse information to defeasibly infer the most likely candidates from this set (2nd problem). The first problem is solved not by simply introducing objects into the representation of a discourse but instead by pairs consisting of an object and an associated frame component which collects the object information contributed by the discourse. Changes triggered by events like the one denoted by ‘rise’ are modelled as update operations on the frame component while the object component is left unchanged.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 22 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 22
Microlensing Events by Proxima Centauri in 2014 and 2016: Opportunities for Mass Determination and Possible Planet Detection
Creators: name: Sahu, Kailash C.
name: Bond, Howard E.
name: Anderson, Jay
name: Dominik, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have found that Proxima Centauri, the star closest to our Sun, will pass close to a pair of faint background stars in the next few years. Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images obtained in 2012 October, we determine that the passage close to a mag 20 star will occur in 2014 October (impact parameter 1.6"), and to a mag 19.5 star in 2016 February (impact parameter 0.5"). As Proxima passes in front of these stars, the relativistic deflection of light will cause shifts in the positions of the background stars by ~0.5 and 1.5 mas, respectively, readily detectable by HST imaging, and possibly by Gaia and ground-based facilities such as VLT. Measurement of these astrometric shifts offers a unique and direct method to measure the mass of Proxima. Moreover, if Proxima has a planetary system, the planets may be detectable through their additional microlensing signals, although the probability of such detections is small. With astrometric accuracies of 0.03 mas (achievable with HST spatial scanning), centroid shifts caused by Jovian planets are detectable at separations of up to 2.0" (corresponding to 2.6 AU at the distance of Proxima), and centroid shifts by Earth-mass planets are detectable within a small band of 8 mas (corresponding to 0.01 AU) around the source trajectories. Jovian planets within a band of about 28 mas (corresponding to 0.036 AU) around the source trajectories would produce a brightening of the source by >0.01 mag and could hence be detectable. Estimated timescales of the astrometric and photometric microlensing events due to a planet range from a few hours to a few days, and both methods would provide direct measurements of the planetary mass.
description: 24 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Latent Semantic Structure in Malicious Programs
Creators: name: Musgrave, John
name: Messay-Kebede, Temesguen
name: Kapp, David
name: Ralescu, Anca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Latent Semantic Analysis is a method of matrix decomposition used for discovering topics and topic weights in natural language documents. This study uses Latent Semantic Analysis to analyze the composition of binaries of malicious programs. The semantic representation of the term frequency vector representation yields a set of topics, each topic being a composition of terms. The vectors and topics were evaluated quantitatively using a spatial representation. This semantic analysis provides a more abstract representation of the program derived from its term frequency analysis. We use a metric space to represent a program as a collection of vectors, and a distance metric to evaluate their similarity within a topic. The segmentation of the vectors in this dataset provides increased resolution into the program structure.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Stabilization of pyrolysis oils by solvent additions
Creators: name: Baehr, Clarissa
name: Raffelt, Klaus
name: Dahmen, Nicolaus
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2018
Subjects: pyrolysis oil
esterification
Carbon dioxide

description: Fast pyrolysis bio oils (FPBO) can consist of more than 300 substances. Because those liquids are not in thermodynamic equilibrium components tend to react with each other and change their properties (aging). The addition of different solvents like alcohols and carbon dioxide can improve their properties. For the detection of their effectiveness, reliable analytical procedures and methods are required.
Gas sloshing and cold fronts in pre-merging galaxy cluster Abell 98
Creators: name: Sarkar, Arnab
name: Randall, Scott
name: Su, Yuanyuan
name: Alvarez, Gabriella E.
name: Sarazin, Craig L.
name: Jones, Christine
name: Blanton, Elizabeth
name: Nulsen, Paul
name: Chakraborty, Priyanka
name: Bulbul, Esra
name: Zuhone, John
name: Andrade-Santos, Felipe
name: Johnson, Ryan E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep Chandra observations of the pre-merger galaxy cluster Abell 98. Abell 98 is a complex merging system. While the northern (A98N) and central subclusters (A98S) are merging along the north-south direction, A98S is undergoing a separate late-stage merger, with two distinct X-ray cores. We report detection of gas sloshing spirals in A98N and in the eastern core of A98S. We detect two cold front edges in A98N. We find two more surface brightness edges along the east direction of the eastern core and west direction of the western core of A98S. We measure the temperatures and gas densities across those edges, and find that the eastern edge appears to be a cold front while the western edge is a shock front with a Mach number of $\cal{M}$ $\approx$ 1.5. We detect a "tail" of X-ray emission associated with the eastern core of A98S. Our measurement indicates that the tail is cooler than the surrounding gas at a 4.2-$σ$ level, suggesting the tail is part of a cool core remnant that has been ram-pressure stripped.
description: Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal
Degrees as nominalized properties: Evidence from differential verbal comparatives in Mandarin Chinese
Creators: name: Luo, Qiongpeng
name: Xie, Zhiguo
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Whether degrees should be modeled as simple semantic primitives or ontologically complex entities has been an issue in recent formal semantic research. This article aims to make a contribution to this scholarly enterprise by investigating the Differential Verbal Comparative (DVC) construction in Chinese. DVCs exhibit peculiar properties : (i) obligatory differentials, and (ii) DPs as differentials(e.g., liang ben xiaoshuo ‘two CL novel’). We propose that a degree is the entity correlate of a property that is formed on the basis of a measure, akin to Chierchia-style kind. This new kind of degree, coupled with a difference function-based semantics for comparatives, correctly predicts the behaviors of DVCs which would otherwise remain formally inscrutable. This article’s contributions are twofold: (i) it provides direct support for the degree-as-kind analysis by extending its empirical scope; and (ii) by combining degrees as kinds with a difference function-based semantics, it represents an improvement over the previous degree-as-kind analysis based on linear ordering.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 22 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 22
Floquet engineering of strongly-driven excitons in monolayer tungsten disulfide
Creators: name: Kobayashi, Yuki
name: Heide, Christian
name: Johnson, Amalya C.
name: Liu, Fang
name: Reis, David A.
name: Heinz, Tony F.
name: Ghimire, Shambhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interactions of quantum materials with strong-laser fields can induce exotic nonequilibrium electronic states. Monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, a new class of direct-gap semiconductors with prominent quantum confinement, offer exceptional opportunities toward Floquet engineering of quasiparticle electron-hole states, or excitons. Strong-field driving has a potential to achieve enhanced control of electronic band structure, thus a possibility to open a new realm of exciton light-matter interactions. However, experimental implementation of strongly-driven excitons has so far remained out of reach. Here, we use mid-infrared laser pulses below the optical bandgap to excite monolayer tungsten disulfide up to a field strength of 0.3 V/nm, and demonstrate strong-field light dressing of excitons in the excess of a hundred millielectronvolt. Our high-sensitivity transient absorption spectroscopy further reveals formation of a virtual absorption feature below the 1s-exciton resonance, which is assigned to a light-dressed sideband from the dark 2p-exciton state. Quantum-mechanical simulations substantiate the experimental results and enable us to retrieve real-space movies of the exciton dynamics. This study advances our understanding of the exciton dynamics in the strong-field regime, and showcases the possibility of harnessing ultrafast, strong-field phenomena in device applications of two-dimensional materials.
Questioning speech acts
Creators: name: Law, Jess H.-K.
name: Li, Haoze
name: Bhadra, Diti
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: We investigate the sentence-final particle ho from Cantonese, which can stack on top of other sentence-final particles indicating various types of speech acts. We argue that ho is a higher level question operator that operates at the level of speech acts. More concretely, it takes a speech act (assertion or question) and returns a new interrogative speech act asking whether the input speech act can be felicitously performed by the addressee. We take the presence of this kind of higher level question operator in natural language as novel evidence that a mechanism for operating on speech acts is needed. Building on Farkas and Bruce (2009), Rawlins (2010), Bledin and Rawlins (2017), we develop a mechanism in the style of Update Semantics for operating on speech acts.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 22 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 22
Gas clumping and its effect on hydrostatic bias in the MACSIS simulations
Creators: name: Towler, Imogen
name: Kay, Scott
name: Altamura, Edoardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the MACSIS hydrodynamical simulations to estimate the extent of gas clumping in the intracluster medium of massive galaxy clusters and how it affects the hydrostatic mass bias. By comparing the clumping to the azimuthal scatter in the emission measure, an observational proxy, we find that they both increase with radius and are larger in higher-mass and dynamically perturbed systems. Similar trends are also seen for the azimuthal temperature scatter and non-thermal pressure fraction, both of which correlate with density fluctuations, with these values also increasing with redshift. However, in agreement with recent work, we find only a weak correlation between the clumping, or its proxies, and the hydrostatic mass bias. To reduce the effect of clumping in the projected profiles, we compute the azimuthal median following recent observational studies, and find this reduces the scatter in the bias. We also attempt to correct the cluster masses by using a non-thermal pressure term and find over-corrected mass estimates ($1-b=0.86$ to $1-b=1.15$) from 3D gas profiles but improved mass estimates ($1-b=0.75$ to $1-b=0.85$) from projected gas profiles, with the caveat of systematically increased scatter. We conclude that the cluster-averaged mass bias is minimised from applying a non-thermal pressure correction ($1-b=0.85$) with more modest reductions from selecting clusters that have low clumping ($1-b=0.79$) or are dynamically relaxed ($1-b=0.80$). However, the latter selection is most effective at minimising the scatter for individual objects. Such results can be tested with next generation X-ray missions equipped with high-resolution spectrometers such as Athena.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Littlest Modular Seesaw
Creators: name: Varzielas, Ivo de Medeiros
name: King, Steve F.
name: Levy, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first complete model of the Littlest Modular Seesaw, based on two right-handed neutrinos, within the framework of multiple modular symmetries, justifying the use of multiple moduli fields which take their values at 3 specific stabilizers of $Γ_4 \simeq S_4$, including a new phenomenological possibility. Using a semi-analytical approach, we perform a $χ^2$ analysis of each case and show that good agreement with neutrino oscillation data is obtained, including predictive relations between the leptonic mixing angles and the ratio of light neutrino masses, which non-trivially agree with the experimental values. It is noteworthy that in this very predictive setup, the models fit the global fits of the experimental data remarkably well, both with and without the Super-Kamiokande atmospheric data, for both choices of stabilizers. By extending the model to include a weighton and the double cover group $Γ'_4 \simeq S'_4$, we are able to also account for the hierarchy of the charged leptons using modular symmetries, without altering the neutrino predictions.
description: 19 pages, 2 Figures. v2: minor improvements to the presentation
Hard cases of third readings in terms of the Standard Solution
Creators: name: Kusliy, Petr
name: Vostrikova, Ekaterina
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Schwager (2011) and Sudo (2014) argued that there are cases of the so-called third readings of attitude reports, initially discovered by Fodor (1970), that cannot be accounted for in terms of a theory of indexed world variables (Percus, 2000), which is often referred to as the Standard Solution. More complicated alternatives to the Standard Solution have been recently formulated in the literature in a number of papers. We argue that all the seemingly problematic cases can be naturally accounted for in terms of the Standard Solution, if we take into account the existence of previously unrecognized elided material in these reports.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 22 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 22
EFT strings and emergence
Creators: name: Marchesano, Fernando
name: Melotti, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the Emergence Proposal in 4d ${\cal N}=2$ vector multiplet sectors that arise from type II string Calabi--Yau compactifications, with emphasis on the role of axionic fundamental strings, or EFT strings. We focus on large-volume type IIA compactifications, where EFT strings arise from NS5-branes wrapping internal four-cycles, and consider a set of infinite-distance moduli-space limits that can be classified in terms of a scaling weight $w=1,2,3$. It has been shown before how one-loop threshold effects of an infinite tower of BPS particles made up of D2/D0-branes generate the asymptotic behaviour of the gauge kinetic functions along limits with $w=3$. We extend this result to $w=2$ limits, by taking into account D2-brane multi-wrapping numbers. In $w=1$ limits the leading tower involves EFT string oscillations, and one can reproduce the behaviour of both weakly and strongly-coupled $U(1)$'s independently on whether the EFT string is critical or not, by assuming that charged modes dominate the light spectrum.
description: 33 pages + 2 appendices, references and an appendix added
Non-computable impressions of computable external rays of quadratic polynomials
Creators: name: Binder, Ilia
name: Rojas, Cristobal
name: Yampolsky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F50, 03D78

description: We discuss computability of impressions of prime ends of compact sets. In particular, we construct quadratic Julia sets which possess explicitly described non-computable impressions.
Selected results from IceCube
Creators: name: Montaruli, Teresa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrino astronomy saw its birth with the discovery by IceCube of a diffuse flux at energies above 60 TeV with intensity comparable to a predicted upper limit to the flux from extra-galactic sources of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). While such an upper limit corresponds to the case of calorimetric sources, in which cosmic rays lose all their energy into photo-pion production, the first statistically significant coincident observation between neutrinos and gamma rays was observed from a blazar of intriguing nature. A very-high-energy muon event, of most probable neutrino energy of 290 TeV for an $E^{-2.13}$ spectrum, alerted other observatories triggering a large number of investigations in many bands of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum. A high gamma-ray state from the blazar was revealed soon after the event and in a follow-up to about 40 days. A posteriori observations also in the optical and radio bands indicated a rise of the flux from the TXS 0506+056 blazar. A previous excess of events of the duration of more than 100~d was observed by IceCube with higher significance than the alert itself. These observations triggered more complex modeling than simple one-zone proton synchrotron models for proton acceleration in jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and more observations across the EM spectrum. A second piece of evidence was a steady excess of about 50 neutrino events with reconstructed soft spectrum in a sample of lower energy well-reconstructed muon events than the alert event. A hot spot was identified in a catalog of 110 gamma-ray intense emitters and starburst galaxies in a direction compatible with NGC 1068 with a significance of $2.9σ$. NGC 1068 hosts a mildly relativistic jet in a starburst galaxy, seen not from the jet direction but rather through the torus. This Seyfert II galaxy is at only 14.4~Mpc from the Earth. We discuss these observations.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
title: Validitätsstudie zur Talentforschung Prüfung der prognostischen Validität von Talentidentifikation
Creators: name: Siener, Maximilian
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Talent
subject: Talent Identification
subject: TID
subject: Prognoses
subject: Classification
subject: Neural Network
subject: RIOC
subject: F1-Score, AUC
subject: 790

description: Die bisherige Forschungslage zur Validität von Talentidentifikationsstudien im Sport ist sehr gering. Es gibt weder ein einheitliches Konzept zur Validierung von Talentstudien noch gesicherte Befunde zur Validität der Talentprognosen. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es daher, einen Leitfaden für eine zielgerichtet Bewertung der Validität von Talentidentifikationen zu erstellen und anhand dieser die Validität einer Talentidentifikationskampagne, dem Fuldaer Bewegungs-Check, zu überprüfen. Insgesamt werden dafür in der vorliegenden Arbeit sieben Schritte vorgestellt, die eine ganzheitliche Bewertung der Validität der Talentidentifikation ermöglichen sollen. Neben der Validitätsbestimmung der Prädiktoren, der Stichprobe, des angesetzten Kriteriums, der Selektionsquote und der verwendeten Methoden (z.B. Neuronale Netze oder Diskriminanzanalysen), werden hierbei auch die Prognosegüte (Sensitivität, Spezifität, etc.) und ihre Nützlichkeit (RIOC, F1-Score, Youden-Index, AUC, etc.) betrachtet. Die Gesamtvalidität des Fuldaer Bewegungs-Check kann im Vergleich zu anderen Studienergebnissen abschließend mit gut bewertet werden. Das vorliegende Konzept ist ein erster Ansatz die wissenschaftliche Auswertung der Validität von Talentstudien zu vereinfachen und Studienergebnisse vergleichbar zu machen. Die Ergebnisse der verwendeten Talentkampagne sind vielversprechend und lassen darauf hindeuten, dass eine Identifikation von Leistungssportlern teilweise bereits 10 Jahre im Voraus geschehen kann. Zukünftige Studien sind jedoch notwendig, um die Befunde zu verhärten und auf größere Stichproben auszuweiten.
A formal pragmatic account of Double Access
Creators: name: Klecha, Peter
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper argues that Double Access sentences in English (Smith, 1978) are a kind of loose talk. When the meaning of a Double Access sentence is computed literally, the result is infelicity. Double Access sentences can be used meaningfully only when rescued by pragmatics which intervenes to interpret the embedded clause loosely. A formal model for loose interpretation, building on Klecha (2018), is provided.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 22 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 22
Full forward model of galaxy clustering statistics with AbacusSummit lightcones
Creators: name: Yuan, Sihan
name: Hadzhiyska, Boryana
name: Abel, Tom
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Novel summary statistics beyond the standard 2-point correlation function (2PCF) are necessary to capture the full astrophysical and cosmological information from the small-scale (r < 30Mpc/h) galaxy clustering. However, the analysis of beyond-2PCF statistics on small scales is challenging because we lack the appropriate treatment of observational systematics for arbitrary summary statistics of the galaxy field. In this paper, we develop a full forward modeling pipeline for a wide range of summary statistics using the large high-fidelity AbacusSummit lightcones that accounts for many systematic effects but also remains flexible and computationally efficient to enable posterior sampling. We apply our forward model approach to a fully realistic mock galaxy catalog and demonstrate that we can recover unbiased constraints on the underlying galaxy-halo connection model using two separate summary statistics: the standard 2PCF and the novel k-th nearest neighbor (kNN) statistics, which are sensitive to correlation functions of all orders. We will extend this method to a full cosmology emulator in a follow up paper. We expect this to become a powerful approach when applying to upcoming surveys such as DESI where we can leverage a multitude of summary statistics across a wide redshift range to maximally extract information from the non-linear scales.
description: comments welcome, submitted to MNRAS
Counteridenticals and dream reports: A unified analysis
Creators: name: Kauf, Carina
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Counteridenticals are counterfactual conditional sentences whose antecedent clauses contain an identity statement, e.g. If I were you, I’d buy the blue dress. Here, we argue that counteridenticals are best analyzed along the lines of dream reports. After showing that counteridenticals and dream reports exhibit striking grammatical and perceptual parallels, we suggest an analysis of counteridenticals with Percus and Sauerland’s (2003) analysis of dream reports. Following their proposal, we propose to make use of concept generators, realized as centered worlds. To this end, we argue that the presence of if licenses the presence of an imagine-operator, which constitutes the attitude the antecedent clause ‘x be-PAST y’ is taken under; The speaker predicates, in the imagine mode, the consequent property to his/her imagined self. To capture the different degrees of identification between the subject and the predicate of the identity statement of counteridenticals’ antecedents observed in the literature, we incorporate Percus and Sharvit’s (2014) notion of asymmetric be into the analysis. This proposal has several advantages over existing analyses (Lakoff, 1996; Kocurek, 2016) of counteridentical meaning, as it both explains the different degrees of identification observed for counteridenticals and correctly predicts the parallels between counteridenticals and dream reports.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 22 No 2 (2018): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 22
Excited-state molecular dynamics simulation based on variational quantum algorithms
Creators: name: Hirai, Hirotoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an excited-state molecular dynamics simulation method based on variational quantum algorithms at a computational cost comparable to that of ground-state simulations. We utilize the feature that excited states can be obtained as metastable states in the restricted variational quantum eigensolver calculation with a hardware-efficient ansatz. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the method, molecular dynamics simulations are performed for the S1 excited states of H2 and CH2NH molecules. The results are consistent with those of the exact adiabatic simulations in the S1 states, except for the CH2NH system, after crossing the conical intersection, where the proposed method causes a nonadiabatic transition.
Precision Measurement of Trident Production in Strong Electromagnetic Fields
Creators: name: Nielsen, Christian F.
name: Holtzapple, Robert
name: Lund, Mads M.
name: Surrow, Jeppe H.
name: Sørensen, Allan H.
name: Uggerhøj, Ulrik I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate experimentally that the trident process $e^-\rightarrow e^-e^+e^-$ in a strong external field, with a spatial extension comparable to the effective radiation length, is well understood theoretically. The experiment, conducted at CERN, probes values for the strong field parameter $χ$ up to 2.4. Experimental data and theoretical expectations using the Local Constant Field Approximation show remarkable agreement over almost 3 orders of magnitude in yield.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Generation of Bright Isolated Attosecond Soft X-Ray Pulses Driven by Multi-Cycle Mid-Infrared Lasers
Creators: name: Chen, M. -C.
name: Hernández-García, C.
name: Mancuso, C.
name: Dollar, F.
name: Galloway, B.
name: Popmintchev, D.
name: Huang, P. -C.
name: Walker, B.
name: Plaja, L.
name: Jaron-Becker, A.
name: Becker, A.
name: Popmintchev, T.
name: Murnane, M. M.
name: Kapteyn, H. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High harmonic generation driven by femtosecond lasers makes it possible to capture the fastest dynamics in molecules and materials. However, to date the shortest attosecond (as) pulses have been produced only in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) region of the spectrum below 100 eV, which limits the range of materials and molecular systems that can be explored. Here we use advanced experiment and theory to demonstrate a remarkable convergence of physics: when mid-infrared lasers are used to drive the high harmonic generation process, the conditions for optimal bright soft X-ray generation naturally coincide with the generation of isolated attosecond pulses. The temporal window over which phase matching occurs shrinks rapidly with increasing driving laser wavelength, to the extent that bright isolated attosecond pulses are the norm for 2 μm driving lasers. Harnessing this realization, we demonstrate the generation of isolated soft X-ray attosecond pulses at photon energies up to 180 eV for the first time, that emerge as linearly chirped 300 as pulses with a transform limit of 35 as. Most surprisingly, we find that in contrast to as pulse generation in the EUV, long-duration, multi-cycle, driving laser pulses are required to generate isolated soft X-ray bursts efficiently, to mitigate group velocity walk-off between the laser and the X-ray fields that otherwise limit the conversion efficiency. Our work demonstrates a clear and straightforward approach for robustly generating bright attosecond pulses of electromagnetic radiation throughout the soft X ray region of the spectrum.
description: 14 pages, and 4 figures
Automating Fault Tolerance in High-Performance Computational Biological Jobs Using Multi-Agent Approaches
Creators: name: Varghese, Blesson
name: McKee, Gerard
name: Alexandrov, Vassil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Large-scale biological jobs on high-performance computing systems require manual intervention if one or more computing cores on which they execute fail. This places not only a cost on the maintenance of the job, but also a cost on the time taken for reinstating the job and the risk of losing data and execution accomplished by the job before it failed. Approaches which can proactively detect computing core failures and take action to relocate the computing core's job onto reliable cores can make a significant step towards automating fault tolerance. Method: This paper describes an experimental investigation into the use of multi-agent approaches for fault tolerance. Two approaches are studied, the first at the job level and the second at the core level. The approaches are investigated for single core failure scenarios that can occur in the execution of parallel reduction algorithms on computer clusters. A third approach is proposed that incorporates multi-agent technology both at the job and core level. Experiments are pursued in the context of genome searching, a popular computational biology application. Result: The key conclusion is that the approaches proposed are feasible for automating fault tolerance in high-performance computing systems with minimal human intervention. In a typical experiment in which the fault tolerance is studied, centralised and decentralised checkpointing approaches on an average add 90% to the actual time for executing the job. On the other hand, in the same experiment the multi-agent approaches add only 10% to the overall execution time.
description: Computers in Biology and Medicine
Four-loop HQET propagators from the DRA method
Creators: name: Lee, Roman N.
name: Pikelner, Andrey F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use dimensional recurrence relations and analyticity to calculate four-loop propagator-type master integrals in the heavy-quark effective theory. Compared to previous applications of the DRA method, we apply a new technique of fixing homogeneous solutions from pole parts of integrals evaluated in different rational space-time dimension points. The latter were calculated from the integration-by-parts reduction of finite integrals in shifted space-time dimension and/or with increased propagators powers. We provide results for epsilon expansions of master integrals near $d = 4$ and $d = 3$ using constructed alternative sets of integrals with expansion coefficients having conjectural uniform transcendental weight.
Classification of real rank zero, purely infinite C*-algebras with at most four primitive ideals
Creators: name: Arklint, Sara E.
name: Restorff, Gunnar
name: Ruiz, Efren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L35, 46L80

description: Counterexamples to classification of purely infinite, nuclear, separable C*-algebras (in the ideal-related bootstrap class) and with primitive ideal space X using ideal-related K-theory occur for infinitely many finite primitive ideal spaces X, the smallest of which having four points. Ideal-related K-theory is known to be strongly complete for such C*-algebras if they have real rank zero and X has at most four points for all but two exceptional spaces: the pseudo-circle and the diamond space. In this article, we close these two remaining cases. We show that ideal-related K-theory is strongly complete for real rank zero, purely infinite, nuclear, separable C*-algebras that have the pseudo-circle as primitive ideal space. In the opposite direction, we construct a Cuntz-Krieger algebra with the diamond space as its primitive ideal space for which an automorphism on ideal-related K-theory does not lift.
description: 23 pages