cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional nonlinear vector states in Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Yakimenko, A. I.
name: Zaliznyak, Yu. A.
name: Lashkin, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional (2D) vector matter waves in the form of soliton-vortex and vortex-vortex pairs are investigated for the case of attractive intracomponent interaction in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. Both attractive and repulsive intercomponent interactions are considered. By means of a linear stability analysis we show that soliton-vortex pairs can be stable in some regions of parameters while vortex-vortex pairs turn out to be always unstable. The results are confirmed by direct numerical simulations of the 2D coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
Linking the trans-Planckian and the information loss problems in black hole physics
Creators: name: Liberati, Stefano
name: Sindoni, Lorenzo
name: Sonego, Sebastiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The trans-Planckian and information loss problems are usually discussed in the literature as separate issues concerning the nature of Hawking radiation. Here we instead argue that they are intimately linked, and can be understood as "two sides of the same coin" once it is accepted that general relativity is an effective field theory.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures. Replaced with the version to be published in General Relativity and Gravitation
Physical activity, black carbon exposure, and DNA methylation in the FOXP3 promoter
Creators: name: Lovinsky-Desir, Stephanie
name: Jung, Kyung Hwa
name: Jezioro, Jacqueline R.
name: Torrone, David Z.
name: De Planell Saguer, Mariangels
name: Yan, Beizhan
name: Perera, Frederica P.
name: Rundle, Andrew G.
name: Perzanowski, Matthew S.
name: Chillrud, Steven N.
name: Miller, Rachel L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: DNA--Methylation
Forkhead transcription factors
Air--Pollution--Health aspects
Spirometry

description: Background Physical activity is associated with improvement in lung function; however, pollution exposure during physical activity can lead to a transient reduction in lung function. This paradoxical relationship may be linked to altered T regulatory (Treg) cell activity, which increases with exercise and suppresses airway inflammation, but decreases in association with exposure to air pollution. To clarify these relationships, we investigated buccal cell DNA methylation of the forkhead box p3 (FOXP3) gene promoter, a proposed biomarker of Treg activity. We hypothesized that active urban children would have lower FOXP3 promoter methylation, associated with better lung function compared to non-active children. We also hypothesized that this relationship would be attenuated by high exposure to the air pollutant black carbon (BC). Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 135 children ages 9–14 who live in New York City. Activity was measured across 6 days. BC exposure was assessed by personal monitors worn for two 24-h periods, followed by lung function assessment. Buccal swabs were collected for DNA methylation analysis of three regions (six CpG sites) in the FOXP3 promoter. Results In multivariable regression models, overall, there was no significant relationship between physical activity and FOXP3 promoter methylation (p > 0.05). However, in stratified analyses, among children with higher BC exposure (≥1200 ng/m3), physical activity was associated with 2.37% lower methylation in promoter 2 (CpGs −77, −65, and −58) (β estimate = −2.37%, p 0.05). Differences across strata were statistically significant (p interaction = 0.04). Among all children, after controlling for BC concentration, promoter 2 methylation was associated with reduced FEV1/FVC (β estimate = −0.40%, p
Formation of ice eddies in subglacial mountain valleys
Creators: name: Meyer, Colin R.
name: Creyts, Timothy T.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Eddies
subject: Ice--Dynamics
subject: Glacial landforms
subject: Ice sheets

description: Radar data from both Greenland and Antarctica show folds and other disruptions to the stratigraphy of the deep ice. The mechanisms by which stratigraphy deforms are related to the interplay between ice flow and topography. Here we show that when ice flows across valleys or overdeepenings, viscous overturnings called Moffatt eddies can develop. At the base of a subglacial valley, the shear on the valley sidewalls is transferred through the ice, forcing the ice to overturn. To understand the formation of these eddies, we numerically solve the non-Newtonian Stokes equations with a Glen's law rheology to determine the critical valley angle for the eddies to form. When temperature is incorporated into the ice rheology, the warmer basal ice is less viscous and eddies form in larger valley angles (shallower slopes) than in isothermal ice. We also show that when ice flow is not perpendicular to the valley orientation, complex 3-D eddies transport ice down the valley. We apply our simulations to the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains and solve for the ice flow over radar-determined topography. These simulations show Moffatt eddies on the order of 100 m tall in the deep subglacial valleys.
The biology of some Tasmanian Cestodes.
Creators: name: Hickman, John Leslie
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The present study forms part of an investigation of the cestode fauna of Tasmania commenced by the author in 1951. As there was no published work on the tapeworms of Tasmanian Amphibia and Reptilia, special attention has been given to the cestodes of these two groups. In addition, two mammalian cestodes have been considered. One is included because of its close relationship to a cestode in a Tasmanian lizard; the other because its cysticercoid is found in an insect serving as an intermediate host for the same cestode. This thesis is presented in the following parts with relevant summaries:- Part I A. The biology of Oochoristica vacuolata Hickman. B. Observations on the primary host of Oochoristica vacuolata. - Publication entitled, \Observations on the skink lizard Egernia whitii (Lacgpede)\". Part II. The biology of Hymenolepis microstoma (Dujardin). Part III. Systematic descriptions of new species including information on the infection of their primary hosts. (In the form of published works). iv In support of my application I submit as an appendix to this thesis my publication on the Ascothoracida \"Dendrogaster tasmaniensis sp. nov. (Ascothoracida) from the sea-star Allostichaster polvolax (Muller and Troschel) It will be noticed that in my publications I have used the term infestation instead of infection. However in the report of the committee of the American Society of Parasitologists on terminology (1934) the use of these two terms is discussed and I have now decided to adopt this committee's suggestions and apply the term infection \"whenever the parasite invades and establishes itself within the body of the host including in this sense the gastro-intestinal tract\"."
The Episcopate of Daniel Murphy, first Archbishop of Hobart, 1866-1907
Creators: name: LeClerc, Anthony Alan
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Daniel Murphy was born on 15 or 18 June, 1815, the year of Waterloo, at Belmont, County Cork, Ireland. He was to die 92 years later at Low Head on the Tamar in Tasmania, the oldest prelate in Christendom. Thus his life spanned the age of sailing ships that could take twelve months for communication to and from Tasmania, and the age of powered flight as pioneered by the Wright Brothers. In the Catholic Church, much also was changing. Murphy was born three-quarters of the way through the pontificate of Pius VII, who had negotiated with Napoleon the Concordat of 1801, in the year when the Papal States were returned to the Pope by the Congress of Vienna. He lived through seven pontificates, and saw and reacted strongly against the seizure of the Papal States from Pius IX, and was much affected by the \Prisoner of the Vatican\" role adopted by his successors. He was thus a Church leader during the days when the forces of Rationalism were plaguing the Church; the heresies of \"indifferentism\" and \"infidelity\" threatened church and society as he knew it; Vatican I was opened and sent scattering by the invading Italians; churches and church schools were supported by the government in the colony and then lost that support; education over the whole continent became free and secular and the struggle to erect religious schools began in earnest; political freedoms were spreading in the land the franchise being extended and federation was argued about and accomplished; labour was organising and the dignity of work was being established in the face of Church suspicions of \"secret societies\"; and the Catholic Church in this continent was building a sense of an Australian Church in the family of world-wide Catholicism linked strongly to the Papacy defending its loyalty to the Empire and increasingly bedevilled by the Irish Question. Archbishop Murphy reacted to these events and this reaction permeated the Pastorals that he has left as his legacy to the Church in Tasmania. As well as attending Vatican I he took part in an Australian Provincial Council 1869; three Australian Plenary Councils18851895 and 1905; and meetings of Australian Bishops especially that for the Centenary of Settlement 1888. The teachings of these are some part of the legacy also as themes they treated were further expanded by the Bishop in his own writings. What is left to us in the archives of the Archdiocese of Hobart is a record of the official teaching of Dr Murphy and some evidence of his administrative style. All personal material has been suppressed by the Archbishop himself as his coadjutor and successor attests in a note scribbled on an envelope in the archives; \"Archbishop Murphy destroyed many records. PD.\" This is confirmed by a note of Archbishop Simonds on a letter he received from a nephew in Ireland of Archbishop Murphy requesting material on his uncle's life and times in Hobart. Simonds noted on the letter \"Archbishop Murphy destroyed all records.\""
Development of a measure for open-ended questions
Creators: name: Wilson, Paricia Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: As a first focus of this study, a theoretical framework was formulated in which orientations were conceptualized as ideal points on a time dimension to be utilized in predicting second generational behavior. As a second focus, a measurement of orientations was developed to provide not only means for testing the theoretical-ideas but also for developing new techniques for secondary analysis of questionnaire data. The measurement instrument, however, resulted in large experimental error. Questionnaire data were collected from a Vancouver urban school population and a sample of parents from that population. Alternatives generated by open-ended questions and coded according to a set of rules representing the time dimension were utilized in measuring parental orientations. Statistical tests on the coding of responses as well as on factors of language, sex and education showed coding and language were critical to responses generating indicators of present orientations but that sex and education were not. Testing by linear regression the behavior of the second generation against indicators of orientations of the first generation, as measured by this study, proved there is no predictive relationship between the two. An evaluation of the study was used to indicate possible directions for further investigation along both theoretical and measurement lines.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory active metabolites from the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum sp. YMF432
Creators: name: Li, Zhe
name: Ma, Ni
name: Zhao, Pei-Ji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: An endophytic fungus, Chaetomium sp. YMF432, was isolated from Huperzia serrata (Thunb. ex Murray) Trev. and subjected to phytochemical investigation based on its special environment. From the extracts of fermentation solid of strain YMF 432, eight compounds including 1-O-methylemodin (1), 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-tricosyl-1,4-benzoquinone (2), 4,8-dihydroxy-1-tetralone (3), (3β,5α,6α, 22E)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-7-one-8(14),22-dien-ergosta (4), ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (5), β-sitostenone (6), β-sitosterol (7) and (22E,24R)-ergosta-5,7,22 -trien-3β-ol (8) were obtained. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic data. These compounds were evaluated for acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities in vitro. Compounds 1, 2, and 4 showed moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities (IC50 from 37.7 ± 1.5 to 370.0 ± 2.9 μM).
Raising the roof for rare metals : controls on rare earth mineralisation in magmatic roof-zones, Motzfeldt, Southern Greenland
Creators: name: Rooks, Curtis James William
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Rare earth elements
subject: Critical metals
subject: Igneous petrology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: High field strength element
subject: Niobium

description: Rare Earth Elements (REE) and other High Field Strength Elements (HFSE) are known as “critical metals”: raw materials with unstable supply lines essential for modern technology such as electric vehicles, renewable energy and defence systems. Deposits of these metals are often hosted by alkaline-silicate igneous rocks, however, models and processing pathways for these deposit types are underdeveloped compared to those hosting conventional resources. This thesis concerns the deposit type “Alkaline Silicate Roof-Zones”, focussing primarily upon controls on REE mineralisation in these systems. This is investigated here through study of the REE-Nb-Ta-Zr mineralised roof-zone of the Motzfeldt Sø Centre, Southern Greenland. Field and lab work is presented investigating mineralogy and mineral chemistry through field relations, petrography and mineral chemical analysis (Electron Microscopy, EPMA, LA-ICP-MS). Hydrothermal activity plays a key role in remobilising the REE and HFSE in the pyrochlore microsyenite as recorded by pyrochlore chemistry. Through use of an alteration proxy and textural analysis, it is shown REE and other A-site elements decrease during hydrothermal alteration, and Nb and B-site elements are released by dissolution of pyrochlore. At least two hydrothermal events are identified, recorded in the formation and later mobilisation of secondary crusts around pyrochlore. New field evidence identifies REE-HFSE mineralised hydrothermal chimney structures and metamorphosed xenoliths with REE-HFSE rich anatectic melts. SEM and EDS analysis reveals these features to be formed by the identified hydrothermal events through enrichment in HFSE, alkalis, F and Fe. These features are incorporated into the deposit model and have potential as exploration vectors and secondary mineral deposits. A method is developed to calculate REE deportment utilising WDS mapping and phase mapping software, identifying pyrochlore to be the major REE host in pyrochlore microsyenite (~60% of LREE), leading to discussion of appropriate processing methods and estimated yields of the most valuable REE species. These findings significantly improve both the deposit model for and understanding of the complex magmatic, hydrothermal and metamorphic processes involved in the critical metal enrichment of alkaline silicate roof zones and other alkaline rocks worldwide.
Utilizing the R/V Marcus G. Langseth’s streamer to measure the acoustic radiation of its seismic source in the shallow waters of New Jersey’s continental shelf
Creators: name: Crone, Timothy J.
name: Tolstoy, Maya
name: Gibson, James
name: Mountain, Gregory S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Seismology
Acoustic radiation pressure
Earthquake zones
Continental shelf

description: Shallow water marine seismic surveys are necessary to understand a range of Earth processes in coastal environments, including those that represent major hazards to society such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and sea-level rise. Predicting the acoustic radiation of seismic sources in shallow water, which is required for compliance with regulations designed to limit impacts on protected marine species, is a significant challenge in this environment because of variable reflectivity due to local geology, and the susceptibility of relatively small bathymetric features to focus or shadow acoustic energy. We use data from the R/V Marcus G. Langseth’s towed hydrophone streamer to estimate the acoustic radiation of the ship’s seismic source during a large survey of the shallow shelf off the coast of New Jersey. We use the results to estimate the distances from the source to acoustic levels of regulatory significance, and use bathymetric data from the ship’s multibeam system to explore the relationships between seafloor depth and slope and the measured acoustic radiation patterns. We demonstrate that existing models significantly overestimate mitigation radii, but that the variability of received levels in shallow water suggest that in situ real-time measurements would help improve these estimates, and that post-cruise revisions of received levels are valuable in accurately determining the potential acoustic impact of a seismic survey.
The Boundary Conditions Geometry in Lattice-Ising Model
Creators: name: Feng, You-gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found that the differential topology of the lattice-system of Ising model determines whether there can be the continuous phase transition, the geometric topology of the space the lattice-system is embedded in determines whether the system can become ordered. If the system becomes ordered it may not admit the continuous phase transition. The spin-projection orientations are strongly influenced by the geometric topology of the space the lattice-system is embedded in.
description: 7pages, 3figures
Sex estimation using scapular measurements: discriminant function analysis in a modern Italian population
Creators: name: Vassallo, Steffi
name: Davies, Catriona
name: Biehler-Gomez, Lucie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Accurate sex estimation of skeletal remains is of critical importance in medico-legal investigations. Despite a significant number of metric sex estimation techniques being developed over recent years, minimal research has been conducted on the suitability of the scapulae. The aim of this study was therefore to establish population-specific discriminant functions from six scapular measurements from the left and right scapulae of 180 contemporary individuals (94 males and 86 females) from the modern and documented CAL Milano Cemetery Skeletal Collection. The measurements comprise the maximum morphological length and breadth of the scapula, the maximum length and breadth of the glenoid cavity and the maximum width of the acromion process and coracoid process. All measurements were sexually dimorphic, as a significant mean difference (p < 0.001) in size was found. All direct and stepwise functions, apart from one outperformed (~83- 96%) univariate ones (~65 – 86%). The maximum width of the coracoid process measurement performed the worst, and therefore should be used with caution. Bilateral asymmetry was observed in three male and three female measurements. High accuracy rates combined with high levels of inter- and intra-observer agreements (R > 0.995) indicate that this technique is suitable for estimating the sex of skeletal remains.
Resonating valence bond wave function with molecular orbitals: Application to first-row molecules
Creators: name: Marchi, M.
name: Azadi, S.
name: Casula, M.
name: Sorella, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a method for accurate quantum chemical calculations based on a simple variational wave function, defined by a single geminal that couples all the electrons into singlet pairs, combined with a real space correlation factor. The method uses a constrained variational optimization, based on an expansion of the geminal in terms of molecular orbitals. It is shown that the most relevant non-dynamical correlations are correctly reproduced once an appropriate number $n$ of molecular orbitals is considered. The value of $n$ is determined by requiring that, in the atomization limit, the atoms are described by Hartree-Fock Slater determinants with Jastrow correlations. The energetics, as well as other physical and chemical properties, are then given by an efficient variational approach based on standard quantum Monte Carlo techniques. We test this method on a set of homonuclear (Be2, B2, C2, N2, O2, and F2) and heteronuclear (LiF, and CN) dimers for which strong non-dynamical correlations and/or weak van der Waals interactions are present.
description: 13 pages, 3 figures, final version accepted for publication
Electrical rectification effect in single domain magnetic microstrips: a micromagnetics-based analysis
Creators: name: Thiaville, Andre
name: Nakatani, Yoshinobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upon passing an a.c. electrical current along magnetic micro- or nanostrips, the measurement of a d.c. voltage that depends sensitively on current frequency and applied field has been recently reported by A. Yamaguchi and coworkers. It was attributed to the excitation of spin waves by the spin transfer torque, leading to a time-varying anisotropic magnetoresistance and, by mixing of a.c. current and resistance, to a d.c. voltage. We have performed a quantitative analysis by micromagnetics, including the spin transfer torque terms considered usually, of this situation. The signals found from the spin transfer torque effect are several orders of magnitude below the experimental values, even if a static inhomogeneity of magnetization (the so-called ripple) is taken into account. On the other hand, the presence of a small non-zero average Oersted field is shown to be consistent with the full set of experimental results, both qualitatively and quantitatively. We examine, quantitatively, several sources for this average field and point to the contacts to the sample as a likely origin.
description: to be published in Journal of Applied Physics
Observations of quasi-periodic solar X-ray emission as a result of MHD oscillations in a system of multiple flare loops
Creators: name: Zimovets, I. V.
name: Struminsky, A. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the solar flare of 20 October 2002. The flare was accompanied by quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) of both thermal and nonthermal hard X-ray emissions (HXR) observed by RHESSI in the 3-50 keV energy range. Analysis of the HXR time profiles in different energy channels made with the Lomb periodogram indicates two statistically significant time periods of about 16 and 36 seconds. The 36-second QPP were observed only in the nonthermal HXR emission in the impulsive phase of the flare. The 16-second QPP were more pronounced in the thermal HXR emission and were observed both in the impulsive and in the decay phases of the flare. Imaging analysis of the flare region, the determined time periods of the QPP and the estimated physical parameters of magnetic loops in the flare region allow us to interpret the observations as follows. 1) In the impulsive phase energy was released and electrons were accelerated by successive acts with the average time period of about 36 seconds in different parts of two spatially separated, but interacting loop systems of the flare region. 2) The 36-second periodicity of energy release could be caused by the action of fast MHD oscillations in the loops connecting these flaring sites. 3) During the first explosive acts of energy release the MHD oscillations (most probably the sausage mode) with time period of 16 seconds were excited in one system of the flare loops. 4) These oscillations were maintained by the subsequent explosive acts of energy release in the impulsive phase and were completely damped in the decay phase of the flare.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Dark matter as a localized scalar in the extra dimension
Creators: name: Iltan, E. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a standard model singlet which is accessible to a single extra dimension and its zero mode is localized with Gaussian profile around a point different than the origin. This zero mode scalar is a possible candidate for the dark matter and its annihilation rate is sensitive to the compactification radius of the extra dimension, the localization width and the position. For the case of non resonant annihilation, we estimated the dark matter scalar location around a point, at a distance \sim 3 \times localization width from the origin, by using the annihilation rate which is based on the current relic density.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Global Existence for the Vlasov-Poisson System with Steady Spatial Asymptotics
Creators: name: Pankavich, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35L60; 35Q99; 82C21; 82C22; 82D10

description: A collisionless plasma is modeled by the Vlasov-Poisson system in three space dimensions. A fixed background of positive charge - dependant upon only velocity - is assumed. The situation in which mobile negative ions balance the positive charge as x tends to infinity is considered. Thus, the total positive charge and the total negative charge are both infinite. Smooth solutions with appropriate asymptotic behavior for large x, which were previously shown to exist locally in time, are continued globally. This is done by showing that the charge density decays at least as fast as x^{-6}. This article also establishes spatial decay estimates for the electrostatic field and its derivatives.
description: 28 pages
New Ways to Leptogenesis with Gauged B-L Symmetry
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Meng, Yanzhi
name: Tavartkiladze, Zurab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that in supersymmetric models with gauged B-L symmetry, there is a new source for cosmological lepton asymmetry. The Higgs bosons responsible for B-L gauge symmetry breaking decay dominantly into right-handed sneutrinos \tilde{N} and \tilde{N}* producing an asymmetry in \tilde{N} over \tilde{N}*. This can be fully converted into ordinary lepton asymmetry in the decays of \tilde{N}. In simple models with gauged B-L symmetry we show that resonant/soft leptogenesis is naturally realized. Supersymmetry guarantees quasi-degenerate scalar states, while soft breaking of SUSY provides the needed CP violation. Acceptable values of baryon asymmetry are obtained without causing serious problems with gravitino abundance.
description: 14 pp, LaTeX, 2 eps figures, typos fixed
Synthesis, structure, and corrosion inhibiting properties of phenylacetato-rare earth(III) complexes
Creators: name: Mottram, Eleanor
name: Hamilton, Sophie
name: Moon, Joshua S.
name: Wang, Jun
name: Bousrez, Guillame
name: Somers, Anthony E.
name: Deacon, Glen B.
name: Junk, Peter C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A series of phenylacetato (PhAc) rare earth complexes with aqua and 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) co-ligands have been synthesized by metathesis reactions in water. Structures of the aqua complexes [RE(PhAc)3(H2O)]n (RE = Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho), {[Lu4(PhAc)12(H2O)2]·1.5H2O}n and the bpy derivatives [RE(PhAc)3(bpy)]2 (RE = Y, Nd, Eu, Er) and {[La(PhAc)3(H2O)].½bpy}n have been determined. Powder XRD determined all aqua complexes except RE = Er, Yb, Lu are isotypic linear polymers, with nine coordinate tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry. The lutetium complex is also a linear polymer, but with distinct metal centers, three eight coordinate, and one nine. Except for RE = La and Ce, the bpy analogues are isostructural symmetrical dimers, with nonacoordinate metal centers. The lanthanum complex is a nonacoordinate linear polymer with coordinated water and lattice bpy. Their corrosion inhibitory properties on mild steel, showed the highest efficiency for [Nd(PhAc)3(H2O)]n (55%). The lanthanum species with solvated 2,2′-bipyridine proved a more effective corrosion inhibitor than the aqua version. Where both the aqua and bpy complexes were tested, the former performed better than the latter. These results provide insight into the effect of structure on the corrosion inhibiting properties of rare earth carboxylates.
An apparatus to measure frictional, inelastic, and viscous behavior in ice at temperate and planetary conditions
Creators: name: McCarthy, Christine
name: Savage, Heather Moore
name: Koczynski, Theodore A.
name: Nielson, Michael Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Ice mechanics
Friction
Hydraulics
Glaciers
Ice--Measurement

description: In this paper, we describe a cryogenic, servo-controlled biaxial friction apparatus designed to measure the deformational behaviors of ice. The apparatus is specifically designed to accurately achieve and measure the low differential stresses applicable to deforming ice on earth and on icy satellites. We can apply loads in the range ∼2–1800 kPa and velocities up to 4 mm/s, with resolution of 39 Pa and 0.7 μm, respectively. Precise temperature control, measurement, and insulation allow testing at constant temperature (from −2 to −30 °C) for prolonged periods of time. The apparatus is tested with various plastics as well as with polycrystalline ice samples and the results are consistent with previously published values. Critical components of the instrument are described along with examples of data collection schemes and preliminary results. The flexibility of the design allows for both glaciological and planetary applications over a range of deformational behaviors including friction, anelastic, and viscous.
Selection Functions in Doppler Planet Searches
Creators: name: O'Toole, S. J.
name: Tinney, C. G.
name: Jones, H. R. A.
name: Butler, R. P.
name: Marcy, G. W.
name: Carter, B.
name: Bailey, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a preliminary analysis of the sensitivity of Anglo-Australian Planet Search data to the orbital parameters of extrasolar planets. To do so, we have developed new tools for the automatic analysis of large-scale simulations of Doppler velocity planet search data. One of these tools is the 2-Dimensional Keplerian Lomb-Scargle periodogram, that enables the straightforward detection of exoplanets with high eccentricities (something the standard Lomb-Scargle periodogram routinely fails to do). We used this technique to re-determine the orbital parameters of HD20782b, with one of the highest known exoplanet eccentricities (e=0.97+/-0.01). We also derive a set of detection criteria that do not depend on the distribution functions of fitted Keplerian orbital parameters (which we show are non-Gaussian with pronounced, extended wings). Using these tools, we examine the selection functions in orbital period, eccentricity and planet mass of Anglo-Australian Planet Search data for three planets with large-scale Monte Carlo-like simulations. We find that the detectability of exoplanets declines at high eccentricities. However, we also find that exoplanet detectability is a strong function of epoch-to-epoch data quality, number of observations, and period sampling. This strongly suggests that simple parametrisations of the detectability of exoplanets based on "whole-of-survey" metrics may not be accurate. We have derived empirical relationships between the uncertainty estimates for orbital parameters that are derived from least-squares Keplerian fits to our simulations, and the true 99% limits for the errors in those parameters, which are larger than equivalent Gaussian limits by factors of 5-10. (abridged)
description: 16 pages, 20 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Temperature dependence of ice-on-rock friction at realistic glacier conditions
Creators: name: McCarthy, Christine
name: Savage, Heather Moore
name: Nettles, Meredith K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Glaciology
Friction
Glaciers
Ice--Dynamics

description: Using a new biaxial friction apparatus, we conducted experiments of ice-on-rock friction in order to better understand basal sliding of glaciers and ice streams. A series of velocity-stepping and slide–hold–slide tests were conducted to measure friction and healing at temperatures between −20°C and melting. Experimental conditions in this study are comparable to subglacial temperatures, sliding rates and effective pressures of Antarctic ice streams and other glaciers, with load-point velocities ranging from 0.5 to 100 µm s−1 and normal stress σn = 100 kPa. In this range of conditions, temperature dependences of both steady-state friction and frictional healing are considerable. The friction increases linearly with decreasing temperature (temperature weakening) from μ = 0.52 at −20°C to μ = 0.02 at melting. Frictional healing increases and velocity dependence shifts from velocity-strengthening to velocity-weakening behaviour with decreasing temperature. Our results indicate that the strength and stability of glaciers and ice streams may change considerably over the range of temperatures typically found at the ice–bed interface.
The Allen Telescope Array: The First Widefield, Panchromatic, Snapshot Radio Camera for Radio Astronomy and SETI
Creators: name: Welch, Jack
name: Backer, Don
name: Blitz, Leo
name: Bock, Douglas
name: Bower, Geoffrey C.
name: Cheng, Calvin
name: Croft, Steve
name: Dexter, Matt
name: Engargiola, Greg
name: Fields, Ed
name: Forster, James
name: Gutierrez-Kraybill, Colby
name: Heiles, Carl
name: Helfer, Tamara
name: Jorgensen, Susanne
name: Keating, Garrett
name: Lugten, John
name: MacMahon, Dave
name: Milgrome, Oren
name: Thornton, Douglas
name: Urry, Lynn
name: van Leeuwen, Joeri
name: Werthimer, Dan
name: Williams, Peter H.
name: Tarter, Melvin Wright Jill
name: Ackermann, Robert
name: Atkinson, Shannon
name: Backus, Peter
name: Barott, William
name: Bradford, Tucker
name: Davis, Michael
name: DeBoer, Dave
name: Dreher, John
name: Harp, Gerry
name: Jordan, Jane
name: Kilsdonk, Tom
name: Pierson, Tom
name: Randall, Karen
name: Ross, John
name: Fleming, Seth Shostak Matt
name: Cork, Chris
name: Wadefalk, Artyom Vitouchkine Niklas
name: Weinreb, Sander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first 42 elements of the Allen Telescope Array (ATA-42) are beginning to deliver data at the Hat Creek Radio Observatory in Northern California. Scientists and engineers are actively exploiting all of the flexibility designed into this innovative instrument for simultaneously conducting surveys of the astrophysical sky and conducting searches for distant technological civilizations. This paper summarizes the design elements of the ATA, the cost savings made possible by the use of COTS components, and the cost/performance trades that eventually enabled this first snapshot radio camera. The fundamental scientific program of this new telescope is varied and exciting; some of the first astronomical results will be discussed.
description: Special Issue of Proceedings of the IEEE: "Advances in Radio Telescopes", Baars,J. Thompson,R., D'Addario, L., eds, 2009, in press
Drying properties and DNA content of saliva samples taken before, during and after chewing gum
Creators: name: Thornbury, Devon
name: Goray, Mariya
name: van Oorschot, Roland A. H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Drying properties of forensically relevant biological materials including saliva are lacking research despite being known to affect casework-relevant phenomena, including DNA transfer. We previously observed that saliva collected from someone chewing gum and deposited on various surfaces did not dry, raising questions about the effects of chewing gum on the drying properties of saliva. The DNA content of saliva samples under differing conditions is also not well known. This study investigated the drying properties and DNA content of saliva deposited on glass from samples collected before, during and after chewing gum. Samples taken before chewing gum dried the fastest and an inverse relationship between the time since chewing gum began and saliva drying time was found; as the time between the chewing and sample collection decreased, the drying time increased. All samples except those taken at the two minutes mark of chewing dried within the 96 h–27 days observation period. DNA yield initially decreased as chewing begun, then recovered during and after chewing, sometimes to be greater than the control sample. These observations contribute to our limited knowledge regarding variables affecting saliva samples. However, further research to facilitate activity level assessments regarding saliva samples is desirable.
Symmetry breaking of the zero energy Landau level in bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Zhao, Y.
name: Cadden-Zimansky, P.
name: Jiang, Z.
name: Kim, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum Hall effect near the charge neutrality point in bilayer graphene is investigated in high magnetic fields of up to 35 T using electronic transport measurements. In the high field regime, the eight-fold degeneracy in the zero energy Landau level is completely lifted, exhibiting new quantum Hall states corresponding filling factors $ν=$0, 1, 2, & 3. Measurements of the activation energy gap in tilted magnetic fields suggest that the Landau level splitting at the newly formed $ν=$1, 2, & 3 filling factors are independent of spin, consistent with the formation of a quantum Hall ferromagnet. In addition, measurements taken at the $ν$ = 0 charge neutral point show that, similar to single layer graphene, the bilayer becomes insulating at high fields.
description: 4 pages 4 figures
CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein) Inhibition With Anacetrapib Decreases Production of Lipoprotein(a) in Mildly Hypercholesterolemic Subjects
Creators: name: Thomas, Tiffany
name: Zhou, Haihong
name: Karmally, Wahida
name: Ramakrishnan, Rajasekhar
name: Holleran, Stephen F.
name: Liu, Yang
name: Jumes, Patricia
name: Wagner, John A.
name: Hubbard, Brian
name: Previs, Stephen F.
name: Roddy, Thomas
name: Johnson-Levonas, Amy O.
name: Gutstein, David E.
name: Marcovina, Santica M.
name: Rader, Daniel J.
name: Ginsberg, Henry N.
name: Millar, John S.
name: Soffer, Gissette
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Lipoproteins--Metabolism
Blood lipoproteins
Hypercholesteremia--Treatment
Lipoprotein A
Medicine

description: Objective—Lp(a) [lipoprotein (a)] is composed of apoB (apolipoprotein B) and apo(a) [apolipoprotein (a)] and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and aortic stenosis. In clinical trials, anacetrapib, a CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitor, causes significant reductions in plasma Lp(a) levels. We conducted an exploratory study to examine the mechanism for Lp(a) lowering by anacetrapib. Approach and Results—We enrolled 39 participants in a fixed-sequence, double-blind study of the effects of anacetrapib on the metabolism of apoB and high-density lipoproteins. Twenty-nine patients were randomized to atorvastatin 20 mg/d, plus placebo for 4 weeks, and then atorvastatin plus anacetrapib (100 mg/d) for 8 weeks. The other 10 subjects were randomized to double placebo for 4 weeks followed by placebo plus anacetrapib for 8 weeks. We examined the mechanisms of Lp(a) lowering in a subset of 12 subjects having both Lp(a) levels >20 nmol/L and more than a 15% reduction in Lp(a) by the end of anacetrapib treatment. We performed stable isotope kinetic studies using 2H3-leucine at the end of each treatment to measure apo(a) fractional catabolic rate and production rate. Median baseline Lp(a) levels were 21.5 nmol/L (interquartile range, 9.9–108.1 nmol/L) in the complete cohort (39 subjects) and 52.9 nmol/L (interquartile range, 38.4–121.3 nmol/L) in the subset selected for kinetic studies. Anacetrapib treatment lowered Lp(a) by 34.1% (P≤0.001) and 39.6% in the complete and subset cohort, respectively. The decreases in Lp(a) levels were because of a 41% reduction in the apo(a) production rate, with no effects on apo(a) fractional catabolic rate. Conclusions—Anacetrapib reduces Lp(a) levels by decreasing its production.
Turbulent resistivity evaluation in MRI generated turbulence
Creators: name: Lesur, G.
name: Longaretti, P-Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abriged) MRI turbulence is a leading mechanism for the generation of an efficient turbulent transport of angular momentum in an accretion disk through a turbulent viscosity effect. It is believed that the same process could also transport large-scale magnetic fields in disks, reshaping the magnetic structures in these objects. This process, known as turbulent resistivity, has been suggested and used in several accretion-ejection models and simulations to produce jets. Still, the efficiency of MRI-driven turbulence to transport large-scale magnetic fields is largely unknown. We investigate this problem both analytically and numerically. We introduce a linear calculation of the MRI in the presence of a spatially inhomogeneous mean magnetic field. We show that, in this configuration, MRI modes lead to an efficient magnetic field transport, on the order of the angular momentum transport. We next use fully non linear simulations of MRI turbulence to compute the turbulent resistivity in several magnetic configurations. We find that the turbulent resistivity is on the order of the turbulent viscosity in all our simulations, although somewhat lower. The turbulent resistivity tensor is found to be highly anisotropic with a diffusion coefficient 3 times greater in the radial direction than in the vertical direction. These results support the possibility of driving jets from turbulent disks; the resulting jets may not be steady.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Geographic morphological and genetic variation in Xiphophora gladiata (Fucales, Phaeophyta)
Creators: name: Kenchington, ELR
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Previous studies of two species of Northern Hemisphere algae (Ricus spp., Fucales, Phaeophyta), have shown that the geographical expression of their morphological variation takes the form of a fine-scale mosaic super-imposed on weak clines. Over 80% of the morphological variation (excluding between individuals differences) was expressed over a scale of less than 10 km. This work is here extended to the Tasmanian endemic alga Xiphophora gladiata (Fucales, Phaeophyta) and to still finer geographic scales (100's of kilometres to centimetres). Pattern analysis of the distribution of X. gladiata showed that, within its major beds, it grows in pronounced clumps (typically 10 cm in diameter and 15-25 cm apart), which formed the primary units for morphological analyses. 30 characters were measured on each of 2488 plants from-14 sites around Tasmania. Multivariate and univariate analyses of these data showed that the clumps differ markedly in morphology but that there are only limited differences over larger scales (metres to 100's of kilometres). Since the variation occurs over such fine scales, it is only weakly related to such environmental factors as exposure, in marked contrast to the pattern in Fltcus. In a search for the factors controlling morphological variation in X. gladiata, an improved technique for electrophoresis of brown algal enzymes was developed. An electrophoretic survey of 26 gene loci was performed on all of the individuals from four neighbouring clumps from one site. The clumps were found to differ markedly in allele frequency (Nei's Distance 0.12 to 0.36) and to have a significant excess of heterozygotes. These results are compared with patterns of differentiation observed in other algae and in higher plants. Mechanisms which could promote such a high degree of differentiation over such small geographic scales are discussed. Other possible influences on morphology that were examined included the response of X. gtadiata to wounding, seasonal variation in morphological characters and environmental correlates. Finally, the taxonomy of the genus Xiphophora was reviewed. Some implications of the morphological and genotypic patterns observed in X. gladiata for the speciation process in this genus are discussed.