cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A 60-kpc Galactic Wind Cone in NGC 3079
Creators: name: Hodges-Kluck, Edmund
name: Yukita, Mihoko
name: Tanner, Ryan
name: Ptak, Andrew
name: Bregman, Joel N.
name: Li, Jiang-tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic winds are associated with intense star formation and AGNs. Depending on their formation mechanism and velocity they may remove a significant fraction of gas from their host galaxies, thus suppressing star formation, enriching the intergalactic medium, and shaping the circumgalactic gas. However, the long-term evolution of these winds remains mostly unknown. We report the detection of a wind from NGC 3079 to at least 60 kpc from the galaxy. We detect the wind in FUV line emission to 60 kpc (as inferred from the broad FUV filter in GALEX) and in X-rays to at least 30~kpc. The morphology, luminosities, temperatures, and densities indicate that the emission comes from shocked material, and the O/Fe ratio implies that the X-ray emitting gas is enriched by Type II supernovae. If so, the speed inferred from simple shock models is about 500 km/s, which is sufficient to escape the galaxy. However, the inferred kinetic energy in the wind from visible components is substantially smaller than canonical hot superwind models.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Oscillations for order statistics of some discrete processes
Creators: name: Ottolini, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60Fxx

description: Suppose $k$ balls are dropped into $n$ boxes independently with uniform probability, where $n, k$ are large with ratio approximately equal to some positive real $λ$. The maximum box count has a counterintuitive behavior: first of all, with high probability it takes at most two values $m_n$ or $m_n+1$, where $m_n$ is roughly $\frac{\ln n}{\ln \ln n}$. Moreover, it oscillates between these two values with an unusual periodicity. In order to prove this statement and various generalizations, it is first shown that for $X_1,...,X_n$ independent and identically distributed discrete random variables with common distribution $F$, under mild conditions, the limiting distribution of their maximum oscillates in three possible families, depending on the tail of the distribution. The result stated at the beginning follows from the equivalence of ensemble for the order statistics in various allocations problems, obtained via conditioning limit theory. Results about the number of ties for the maximum, as well as applications, are also provided.
Chiral phase boundary of QCD at finite temperature
Creators: name: Braun, Jens
name: Gies, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the approach to chiral symmetry breaking in QCD at finite temperature, using the functional renormalization group. We compute the running gauge coupling in QCD for all temperatures and scales within a simple truncated renormalization flow. At finite temperature, the coupling is governed by a fixed point of the 3-dimensional theory for scales smaller than the corresponding temperature. Chiral symmetry breaking is approached if the running coupling drives the quark sector to criticality. We quantitatively determine the phase boundary in the plane of temperature and number of flavors and find good agreement with lattice results. As a generic and testable prediction, we observe that our underlying IR fixed-point scenario leaves its imprint in the shape of the phase boundary near the critical flavor number: here, the scaling of the critical temperature is determined by the zero-temperature IR critical exponent of the running coupling.
description: 39 pages, 8 figures
Elicitation on multiple wh-questions, possessor extraction, and relative clauses
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: Elicitation checking for superiority effects in multiple wh-questions, possessor extraction, post-verbal subjects in relative clauses, constituency in gi-clauses, and the effect of TP-level adjuncts on the presence of ina.
Transverse mode-encoded quantum gate on a silicon photonic chip
Creators: name: Feng, Lan-Tian
name: Zhang, Ming
name: Xiong, Xiao
name: Liu, Di
name: Cheng, Yu-Jie
name: Jing, Fang-Ming
name: Qi, Xiao-Zhuo
name: Chen, Yang
name: He, De-Yong
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
name: Guo, Guang-Can
name: Dai, Dao-Xin
name: Ren, Xi-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As an important degree of freedom (DoF) in integrated photonic circuits, the orthogonal transverse mode provides a promising and flexible way to increasing communication capability, for both classical and quantum information processing. To construct large-scale on-chip multimode multi-DoF quantum systems, a transverse mode-encoded controlled-NOT (CNOT) gate is necessary. Here, through design and integrate transverse mode-dependent directional coupler and attenuators on a silicon photonic chip, we demonstrate the first multimode implementation of a two-qubit quantum gate. With the aid of state preparation and analysis parts, we show the ability of the gate to entangle two separated transverse mode qubits with an average fidelity of $0.89\pm0.02$ and the achievement of 10 standard deviations of violations in the quantum nonlocality verification. In addition, a fidelity of $0.82\pm0.01$ was obtained from quantum process tomography used to completely characterize the CNOT gate. Our work paves the way for universal transverse mode-encoded quantum operations and large-scale multimode multi-DoF quantum systems.
Four-body structure of $^7_Λ$Li and $ΛN$ spin-dependent interaction
Creators: name: Hiyama, E.
name: Yamamoto, Y.
name: Rijken, Th. A.
name: Motoba, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two spin-doublet states of %$3/2^+$-$1/2^+$ and $7/2^+$-$5/2^+$ in $^7_Λ$Li are studied on the basis of the $α+Λ+n+p$ four-body model. We employ the two-body interactions which reproduce the observed properties of any subsystems composed of $αN$, $αΛ$ and $αNN$, and $αΛN$. Furthermore, the $ΛN$ interaction is adjusted so as to reproduce the $0^+$-$1^+$ splitting of in $^4_Λ$H. The calculated energy splittings of $3/2^+$-$1/2^+$ and $7/2^+$-$5/2^+$ states in $^7_Λ$Li are 0.69 MeV and 0.46 MeV, which are in good agreement with the resent observed data. The spin-dependent components of the $ΛN$ interaction are discussed.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, published to be in Phys. Rev. C
title: UG - Ubiquity Generator Framework v1.0.0beta
Creators: name: Shinano, Yuji
Publisher: name: Zuse Institute Berlin (ZIB)
Year: 2021

description: UG is a generic framework to parallelize branch-and-bound based solvers (e.g., MIP, MINLP, ExactIP) in a distributed or shared memory computing environment. It exploits the powerful performance of state-of-the-art "base solvers", such as SCIP, CPLEX, etc. without the need for base solver parallelization. UG framework, ParaSCIP(ug[SCIP,MPI]) and FiberSCIP (ug[SCIP,Pthreads]) are available as a beta version. v1.0.0: new documentation and cmake, generalization of ug framework, implementation of selfsplitrampup for fiber- and parascip, better memory and time limit handling.
Production Performance of the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker Readout System
Creators: name: Mitsou, Vasiliki A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) together with the pixel and the transition radiation detectors will form the tracking system of the ATLAS experiment at LHC. It will consist of 20000 single-sided silicon microstrip sensors assembled back-to-back into modules mounted on four concentric barrels and two end-cap detectors formed by nine disks each. The SCT module production and testing has finished while the macro-assembly is well under way. After an overview of the layout and the operating environment of the SCT, a description of the readout electronics design and operation requirements will be given. The quality control procedure and the DAQ software for assuring the electrical functionality of hybrids and modules will be discussed. The focus will be on the electrical performance results obtained during the assembly and testing of the end-cap SCT modules.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures, prepared for 14th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference 2005 (RT2005), 4-10 Jun 2005, Stockholm, Sweden
Probability distributions of the work in the 2D-Ising model
Creators: name: Chatelain, Christophe
name: Karevski, Dragi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probability distributions of the magnetic work are computed for the 2D Ising model by means of Monte Carlo simulations. The system is first prepared at equilibrium for three temperatures below, at and above the critical point. A magnetic field is then applied and grown linearly at different rates. Probability distributions of the work are stored and free energy differences computed using the Jarzynski equality. Consistency is checked and the dynamics of the system is analyzed. Free energies and dissipated works are reproduced with simple models. The critical exponent $δ$ is estimated in an usual manner.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures. Comments are welcome
Dolichogenidea thujae
Creators: name: Fernandez-Triana, Jose
name: Sakagami, Kota
name: Shimizu, So
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Braconidae
Dolichogenidea
Dolichogenidea thujae

description: D. thujae (Muesebeck, 1935): T2 strongly sculptured (mostly longitudinal striae); smaller size, 1.8–2.0 mm.
description: Published as part of Fernandez-Triana, Jose, Sakagami, Kota & Shimizu, So, 2018, Dolichogenidea maetoi sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Japan, the first parasitoid wasp recorded from Hyblaea fortissima (Lepidoptera), pp. 167-175 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 58 (1) on page 174, DOI: 10.2478/aemnp-2018-0014, http://zenodo.org/record/3699178
SOFIA observations of far-IR fine-structure lines in galaxies to measure metallicity
Creators: name: Spinoglio, Luigi
name: Fernandez-Ontiveros, Juan Antonio
name: Malkan, Matthew A.
name: Kumar, Suyash
name: Pereira-Santaella, Miguel
name: Perez-Diaz, Borja
name: Perez-Montero, Enrique
name: Krabbe, Alfred
name: Vacca, William
name: Colditz, Sebastian
name: Fischer, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new and archival SOFIA FIFI-LS far-IR spectroscopic observations of 25 local galaxies of either the [OIII]52um and/or the [NIII]57um lines. Including other 31 galaxies from Herschel-PACS, we discuss a local sample of 47 galaxies, including HII region, luminous IR, low-metallicity dwarf and Seyfert galaxies. Analyzing the mid- to far-IR fine-structure lines of this sample, we assess the metallicity and compare with the optical spectroscopy estimates. Using the IR, we find a similar O/H--N/O relation to that known in the optical. As opposite, we find systematically lower N/O IR abundances when compared to the optical determinations, especially at high values of N/O (log(N/O) > -0.8). We explore various hypotheses to account for this difference: (i) difference in ionization structure traced by optical (O+, N+ regions) versus IR lines (O++, N++ regions); (ii) contamination of diffuse ionized gas affecting the optical lines used to compute the N/O abundance; (iii) dust obscuration affecting the optical-based determinations. However, we have not found any correlation of the Delta(N/O)= (N/O)_OPT-(N/O)_IR with either ionization, or electron density, or optical extinction. We speculatively suggest that accretion of metal-poor gas from the circumgalactic medium could provide an explanation for this difference, because the rapid decrease of total abundances during infall is followed by a N/O ratio decrease due to primary production of young - possibly embedded - massive stars, are preferentially traced by the IR diagnostics, while optical diagnostics would better trace the secondary production, when both N/O and O/H abundance ratios will increase.
description: Accepted in the AstrophysicalJournal on the 7th November 2021
Transverse momentum distributions in Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering
Creators: name: Ceccopieri, Federico A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a perturbative approach to Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), we show how to extend ordinary DGLAP longitudinal evolution equations to include the radiative transverse momentum generated in the collinear branching regime. Considering Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering as a reference process, we perform such a generalization both in the current and in the target fragmentation region. These distributions are then used to predict semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering cross-sections onto the whole phase space of the detected hadron.
description: 6 pages. Invited talk at "Symmetries and Spin", Prague, July 19-26
The complexity of planar graph choosability
Creators: name: Gutner, Shai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A graph $G$ is {\em $k$-choosable} if for every assignment of a set $S(v)$ of $k$ colors to every vertex $v$ of $G$, there is a proper coloring of $G$ that assigns to each vertex $v$ a color from $S(v)$. We consider the complexity of deciding whether a given graph is $k$-choosable for some constant $k$. In particular, it is shown that deciding whether a given planar graph is 4-choosable is NP-hard, and so is the problem of deciding whether a given planar triangle-free graph is 3-choosable. We also obtain simple constructions of a planar graph which is not 4-choosable and a planar triangle-free graph which is not 3-choosable.
The dispersion relation of Landau elementary excitations and the thermodynamic properties of superfluid $^4$He
Creators: name: Godfrin, H.
name: Beauvois, K.
name: Sultan, A.
name: Krotscheck, E.
name: Dawidowski, J.
name: Fak, B.
name: Ollivier, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dispersion relation $ε(k)$ of the elementary excitations of superfluid $^4$He has been measured at very low temperatures, from saturated vapor pressure up to solidification, using a high flux time-of-flight neutron scattering spectrometer equipped with a high spatial resolution detector (10$^5$ 'pixels'). A complete determination of $ε(k)$ is achieved, from very low wave-vectors up to the end of Pitaeskii's plateau. The results compare favorably in the whole the wave-vector range with the predictions of the dynamic many-body theory (DMBT). At low wave-vectors, bridging the gap between ultrasonic data and former neutron measurements, the evolution with the pressure from anomalous to normal dispersion, as well as the peculiar wave-vector dependence of the phase and group velocities, are accurately characterized. The thermodynamic properties have been calculated analytically, developing Landau's model, using the measured dispersion curve. A good agreement is found below 0.85 K between direct heat capacity measurements and the calculated specific heat, if thermodynamically consistent power series expansions are used. The thermodynamic properties have also been calculated numerically; in this case, the results are applicable with excellent accuracy up to 1.3 K, a temperature above which the dispersion relation itself becomes temperature dependent.
description: 35 pages, 59 figures; Supplemental Material: Text, Tables, data files
Uncovering and Exploiting Cucurbit[8]uril Host-Guest Dynamics in Bulk Mechanical Behaviour
Creators: name: Hoogland, Dominique
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Supramolecular chemistry
Host-Guest chemistry
Cucurbit[n]uril
Rheology
Kinetics
Polymer chemistry
Polymer Physics
Organic chemistry

description: Understanding the contribution of small molecule dynamics to bulk mechanical properties is of increasing importance in progressing the field of smart materials from benchtop curiosity to a design-based approach with myriad application. Hydrogels based on cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) supramolecular interactions are ideal candidates to study this relationship due to the variability in guests and binding modes it accommodates. In the first chapter earlier studies on pressure-induced changes in CB[8] hetero-ternary complexes, where the association rate was found to increase with external pressure, are extended to hydrogels harnessing these interactions. It appears that changes observed in the complexes are too small to be translated into viscosity changes of the bulk material, but unlike other systems used commercially, this system is unaffected by pressure. In an attempt to design a stimuli responsive, reversible system, dicationic azobenzene derivatives with various binding modes to CB[8] are studied in the second chapter. The isomerisation rates of the various derivatives are studied as a function of temperature, irradiation, presence of CB[8] and pH. Finally, a polymer bearing one of the azobenzenes is studied via rheometry for it’s light-responsiveness. As pressure did not perturb the association event to a large enough extend to allow for studies on bulk mechanical behaviour as a function of association rate, several first guests were synthesised in an effort to amplify these differences. N,N -Dimethyl-4,4-bipyridine, N,N -dimethyl-2,7-diazaphenantrene and N,N -dimethyl-2,7-diazapyrene were synthesised in a systematic study based on increase in surface area of the first guest. Through use of complexation techniques as isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and stopped-flow fluorescence, the kinetics of complexation between these auxiliary guests in CB[8] and four second guests were studied. To translate the results of the small molecule techniques to bulk mechanical properties, functional derivatives of these first guests were prepared. Through semi-batch RAFT polymerisation these reactive first guests created branched polymers with CB[8] rotaxanes, which formed gels upon mixing with hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) bearing pendant second guests. Lastly, the effect of different binding modes between guest molecules and CB[8] on gel behaviour was studied for systems based on two different polymers, HEV and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). These polymers were chosen to be of similar molecular weight but differ in rigidity. Through looking at the relaxation spectrum of gels composed of one or both of these polymers with either hetero or homo-ternary guests, the contribution of both polymer and host-guest chemistry is further elucidated.
description: Schlumberger
Mem3DG: Modeling Membrane Mechanochemical Dynamics in 3D using Discrete Differential Geometry
Creators: name: Zhu, Cuncheng
name: Lee, Christopher T.
name: Rangamani, Padmini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Biomembranes adopt varying morphologies that are vital to cellular functions. Many studies use computational modeling to understand how various mechanochemical factors contribute to membrane shape transformations. Compared to approximation-based methods (e.g., finite element method), the class of discrete mesh models offers greater flexibility to simulate complex physics and shapes in three dimensions; its formulation produces an efficient algorithm while maintaining coordinate-free geometric descriptions. However, ambiguities in geometric definitions in the discrete context have led to a lack of consensus on which discrete mesh model is theoretically and numerically optimal; a bijective relationship between the terms contributing to both the energy and forces from the discrete and smooth geometric theories remains to be established. We address this and present an extensible framework, $\texttt{Mem3DG}$, for modeling 3D mechanochemical dynamics of membranes based on Discrete Differential Geometry (DDG) on triangulated meshes. The formalism of DDG resolves the inconsistency and provides a unifying perspective on how to relate the smooth and discrete energy and forces. To demonstrate, $\texttt{Mem3DG}$ is used to model a sequence of examples with increasing mechanochemical complexity: recovering classical shape transformations such as 1) biconcave disk, dumbbell, and unduloid and 2) spherical bud on spherical, flat-patch membrane; investigating how the coupling of membrane mechanics with protein mobility jointly affects phase and shape transformation. As high-resolution 3D imaging of membrane ultrastructure becomes more readily available, we envision Mem3DG to be applied as an end-to-end tool to simulate realistic cell geometry under user-specified mechanochemical conditions.
Pump-probe measurement of atomic parity violation in caesium with a precision of 2.6%
Creators: name: Lintz, Michel
name: Guéna, Jocelyne
name: Bouchiat, Marie-Anne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the atomic parity violation measurements made in Cs vapour using a pump-probe scheme. After pulsed excitation of the 6S-7S forbidden transition in the presence of a longitudinal electric field, a laser beam resonant with one of the 7S-6P transitions stimulates the 7S atom emission for a duration of 20 ns. The polarisation of the amplified probe beam is analysed. A seven-fold signature allows discrimination of the parity violating linear dichroism, and real-time calibration by a similar, known, parity conserving linear dichroism. The zero-field linear dichroism signal due to the magnetic dipole transition moment is observed for the first time, and used for in-situ determination of the electric field. The result, ImE1^{pv}= (-808+/- 21) 10^{-14} ea\_{0}, is in perfect agreement with the corresponding, more precise measurement obtained by the Boulder group. A transverse field configuration with large probe amplification could bring atomic parity violation measurements to the 0.1% accuracy level.
description: "conference PAVI 06, Milos, Greece, May 2006"
Equilibration of the Quark-Gluon Plasma at finite net-baryon density in QCD kinetic theory
Creators: name: Du, Xiaojian
name: Schlichting, Sören
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma at zero and finite net-baryon density based on an effective kinetic theory of Quantum Chromo Dynamics (QCD). By investigating the isotropization of the longitudinal pressure, we determine the relevant time and temperature scales for the onset of viscous hydrodynamics, and quantify the dependence on the chemical composition of the QGP. By extrapolating our results to realistic coupling strength, we discuss phenomenological consequences regarding the role of the pre-equilibrium phase at different collision energies.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, see our companion paper: Equilibration of weakly coupled QCD plasmas
When Do Internal Shocks End and External Shocks Begin? Early-Time Broadband Modelling of GRB 051111
Creators: name: Butler, N. R.
name: Li, W.
name: Perley, D.
name: Huang, K. Y.
name: Urata, Y.
name: Prochaska, J. X.
name: Bloom, J. S.
name: Filippenko, A. V.
name: Foley, R. J.
name: Kocevski, D.
name: Chen, H. -W.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Kuo, P. H.
name: Huang, F. Y.
name: Ip, W. H.
name: Tamagawa, T.
name: Onda, K.
name: Tashiro, M.
name: Makishima, K.
name: Nishihara, S.
name: Sarugaku, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Even with the renaissance in gamma-ray burst (GRB) research fostered by the Swift satellite, few bursts have both contemporaneous observations at long wavelengths and exquisite observations at later times across the electromagnetic spectrum. We present here contemporaneous imaging with the KAIT robotic optical telescope, dense optical sampling with Lulin, and supplemented with infrared data from PAIRITEL and radio to gamma-ray data from the literature. For the first time, we can test the constancy of microphysical parameters in the internal-external shock paradigm and carefully trace the flow of energy from the GRB to the surrounding medium. KAIT data taken 10^21 cm^-2), indicate a low dust-to-metals ratio and a possible over-abundance of the light metals. An apparent small ratio of total to selective extinction (R_V~2) argues against dust destruction by the GRB. Time constancy of both the IR/optical/UV spectral energy distribution and the soft X-ray absorption suggests that the absorbing material is not local to the GRB.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures, to Appear in ApJ v653, December, 10 2006
Constrained Superfields in Dynamical Background
Creators: name: Aoki, Shuntaro
name: Terada, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nonlinear realization of supersymmetry in a dynamical/cosmological background in which derivative terms like kinetic terms are finite. Starting from linearly realized theories, we integrate out heavy modes without neglecting derivative terms to obtain algebraic constraints on superfields. Thanks to the supersymmetry breaking contribution by the kinetic energy, the validity of constrained superfields can be extended to cosmological regimes and phenomena such as reheating after inflation, kinetic-energy domination, and the kinetic and standard misalignment of axion.
description: 34 pages; published version
Quantum entanglement generation with surface acoustic waves
Creators: name: Giavaras, G.
name: Jefferson, J. H.
name: Ramsak, A.
name: Spiller, T. P.
name: Lambert, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme to produce spin entangled states for two interacting electrons. One electron is bound in a well in a semiconductor quantum wire and the second electron is transported along the wire, trapped in a surface acoustic wave potential (SAW) minimum. We investigate the conditions for which the Coulomb interaction between the two electrons induces entanglement. Detailed numerical investigation reveals that the two electrons can be fully spin entangled depending on the confinement characteristics of the well and the SAW potential amplitude.
description: 16 pages, 18 figures
Wolbachia reduces virus infection in a natural population of Drosophila.
Creators: name: Cogni, Rodrigo
name: Ding, Shuai Dominique
name: Pimentel, André C
name: Day, Jonathan
name: Jiggins, Francis
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/158/855
/631/181/2481
/64/24
/45/90
/45/77
article

description: Wolbachia is a maternally transmitted bacterial symbiont that is estimated to infect approximately half of arthropod species. In the laboratory it can increase the resistance of insects to viral infection, but its effect on viruses in nature is unknown. Here we report that in a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster, individuals that are infected with Wolbachia are less likely to be infected by viruses. By characterising the virome by metagenomic sequencing and then testing individual flies for infection, we found the protective effect of Wolbachia was virus-specific, with the prevalence of infection being up to 15% greater in Wolbachia-free flies. The antiviral effects of Wolbachia may contribute to its extraordinary ecological success, and in nature the symbiont may be an important component of the antiviral defences of insects.
description: Royal Society São Paulo Research Foundation National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)
Elicitation on distributive readings and quantifier float
Creators: name: Rudolph, Johnny (Soni)
name: Drummond, Emily
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: nkr

description: Elicitation testing the collective/distributive distinction in sentences with two numerals (or the quantifier 'all'), and double checking quantifier float of subjects and objects.
OPE-RchiT matching at order alpha_s: hard gluonic corrections to three-point Green functions
Creators: name: Jamin, Matthias
name: Mateu, Vicent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we push the matching between the QCD operator product expansion (OPE) and resonance chiral theory (RchiT) to order alpha_s. To this end we compute two- and three-point QCD Green functions (GFs) in both theories and compare the results. GFs which are order parameters of chiral symmetry breaking make this matching more transparent and thus we concentrate on those. On the OPE side one needs to calculate the hard-gluon virtual corrections to the quark condensate, and in particular for three-point GFs this computation was hitherto missing. We also discuss the need for including the infinite tower of hadronic states in the hadronic representation of the GF when non-analytic terms such as logarithms are present in the OPE Wilson coefficients.
description: 21 pages, 2 figures
Effective Sampling in the Configurational Space by the Multicanonical-Multioverlap Algorithm
Creators: name: Itoh, Satoru G.
name: Okamoto, Yuko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new generalized-ensemble algorithm, which we refer to as the multicanonical-multioverlap algorithm. By utilizing a non-Boltzmann weight factor, this method realizes a random walk in the multi-dimensional, energy-overlap space and explores widely in the configurational space including specific configurations, where the overlap of a configuration with respect to a reference state is a measure for structural similarity. We apply the multicanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics method to a penta peptide, Met-enkephalin, in vacuum as a test system. We also apply the multicanonical and multioverlap molecular dynamics methods to this system for the purpose of comparisons. We see that the multicanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics method realizes effective sampling in the configurational space including specific configurations more than the other two methods. From the results of the multicanonical-multioverlap molecular dynamics simulation, furthermore, we obtain a new local-minimum state of the Met-enkephalin system.
description: 15 pages, (Revtex4), 9 figures
String gravity in $D=4$
Creators: name: Cano, Pablo A.
name: Ruipérez, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the four-dimensional theory of gravity that arises from string theory with higher-derivative corrections. By compactifying and truncating the ten-dimensional effective action of heterotic string theory at first order in $α'$, and carefully dealing with field redefinitions, we show that the four-dimensional theory takes the form of an axidilaton model where the scalars couple to the Gauss-Bonnet and Pontryagin densities. Thus, the actual string gravity is a generalization of the well-studied Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet and dynamical Chern-Simons models. Using this action we compute the stringy corrections to the Kerr geometry and we obtain, for the first time, the corrections to the entropy of the Kerr black hole at order $α'^2$. We check that the first law of black hole mechanics is satisfied and discuss several properties of the solution. Our results suggest that there exist black hole solutions with $J>M^2$ and therefore the extremal ratio $J/M^2$ must be modified positively.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, double column. v2: references, footnotes 1 and 10 and a comment on consistency of the truncation have been added. Version sent to PRD
The Duopoly Analysis of Graphics Card Market
Creators: name: Xi, Nan Miles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: By analyzing the duopoly market of computer graphics cards, we categorized the effects of enterprise's technological progress into two types, namely, cost reduction and product diversification. Our model proved that technological progress is the most effective means for enterprises in this industry to increase profits. Due to the technology-intensive nature of this industry, monopolistic enterprises face more intense competition compared with traditional manufacturing. Therefore, they have more motivation for technological innovation. Enterprises aiming at maximizing profits have incentives to reduce costs and achieve a higher degree of product differentiation through technological innovation.
Direct measurement of decoherence for entanglement between a photon and stored atomic excitation
Creators: name: de Riedmatten, H.
name: Laurat, J.
name: Chou, C. W.
name: Schomburg, E. W.
name: Felinto, D.
name: Kimble, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Violations of a Bell inequality are reported for an experiment where one of two entangled qubits is stored in a collective atomic memory for a user-defined time delay. The atomic qubit is found to preserve the violation of a Bell inequality for storage times up to 21 microseconds, 700 times longer than the duration of the excitation pulse that creates the entanglement. To address the question of the security of entanglement-based cryptography implemented with this system, an investigation of the Bell violation as a function of the cross-correlation between the generated nonclassical fields is reported, with saturation of the violation close to the maximum value allowed by quantum mechanics.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Minor changes. Published version
Single-shot Dispersion Sampling for Optical Pulse Reconstruction
Creators: name: Korobenko, A.
name: Rosenberger, P.
name: Schötz, J.
name: Naumov, A. Yu.
name: Villeneuve, D. M.
name: Kling, M. F.
name: Staudte, A.
name: Corkum, P. B.
name: Bergues, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel approach to single-shot characterization of the spectral phase of broadband laser pulses. Our method is inexpensive, insensitive to alignment and combines the simplicity and robustness of the dispersion scan technique, that does not require spatio-temporal pulse overlap, with the advantages of single-shot pulse characterization methods such as single-shot frequency-resolved optical gating at a real-time reconstruction rate of several Hz.
The barley immune receptor Mla recognizes multiple pathogens and contributes to host range dynamics.
Creators: name: Bettgenhaeuser, Jan
name: Hernández-Pinzón, Inmaculada
name: Dawson, Andrew M
name: Gardiner, Matthew
name: Green, Phon
name: Taylor, Jodie
name: Smoker, Matthew
name: Ferguson, John N
name: Emmrich, Peter
name: Hubbard, Amelia
name: Bayles, Rosemary
name: Waugh, Robbie
name: Steffenson, Brian J
name: Wulff, Brande BH
name: Dreiseitl, Antonín
name: Ward, Eric R
name: Moscou, Matthew J
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Article
/631/449/2169
/631/449/2661/2666
/631/449/711
/631/208/8
/45
/45/77
/49/23
article

description: Funder: Gatsby Charitable Foundation; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/501100000324
description: Crop losses caused by plant pathogens are a primary threat to stable food production. Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) is a fungal pathogen of cereal crops that causes significant, persistent yield loss. Stripe rust exhibits host species specificity, with lineages that have adapted to infect wheat and barley. While wheat stripe rust and barley stripe rust are commonly restricted to their corresponding hosts, the genes underlying this host specificity remain unknown. Here, we show that three resistance genes, Rps6, Rps7, and Rps8, contribute to immunity in barley to wheat stripe rust. Rps7 cosegregates with barley powdery mildew resistance at the Mla locus. Using transgenic complementation of different Mla alleles, we confirm allele-specific recognition of wheat stripe rust by Mla. Our results show that major resistance genes contribute to the host species specificity of wheat stripe rust on barley and that a shared genetic architecture underlies resistance to the adapted pathogen barley powdery mildew and non-adapted pathogen wheat stripe rust.
Depolarization canals and interstellar turbulence
Creators: name: Fletcher, Andrew
name: Shukurov, Anvar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent radio polarization observations have revealed a plethora of unexpected features in the polarized Galactic radio background that arise from propagation effects in the random (turbulent) interstellar medium. The canals are especially striking among them, a random network of very dark, narrow regions clearly visible in many directions against a bright polarized Galactic synchrotron background. There are no obvious physical structures in the ISM that may have caused the canals, and so they have been called Faraday ghosts. They evidently carry information about interstellar turbulence but only now is it becoming clear how this information can be extracted. Two theories for the origin of the canals have been proposed; both attribute the canals to Faraday rotation, but one invokes strong gradients in Faraday rotation in the sky plane (specifically, in a foreground Faraday screen) and the other only relies on line-of-sight effects (differential Faraday rotation). In this review we discuss the physical nature of the canals and how they can be used to explore statistical properties of interstellar turbulence. This opens studies of magnetized interstellar turbulence to new methods of analysis, such as contour statistics and related techniques of computational geometry and topology. In particular, we can hope to measure such elusive quantities as the Taylor microscale and the effective magnetic Reynolds number of interstellar MHD turbulence.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of the conference 'Polarization 2005', September 12 to 15, Orsay, France. Replaced one figure, changed three figure captions
Equilibrium and out of equilibrium phase transitions in systems with long range interactions and in 2D flows
Creators: name: Bouchet, Freddy
name: Barré, Julien
name: Venaille, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In self-gravitating stars, two dimensional or geophysical flows and in plasmas, long range interactions imply a lack of additivity for the energy; as a consequence, the usual thermodynamic limit is not appropriate. However, by contrast with many claims, the equilibrium statistical mechanics of such systems is a well understood subject. In this proceeding, we explain briefly the classical approach to equilibrium and non equilibrium statistical mechanics for these systems, starting from first principles. We emphasize recent and new results, mainly a classification of equilibrium phase transitions, new unobserved equilibrium phase transition, and out of equilibrium phase transitions. We briefly discuss what we consider as challenges in this field.
Duality as a Feasible Physical Transformation
Creators: name: Ashkenazi, Shachar
name: Zohar, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Duality transformations are very important in both classical and quantum physics. They allow one to relate two seemingly different formulations of the same physical realm through clever mathematical manipulations, and offer numerous advantages for the study of many-body physics. In this work, we suggest a method which shall introduce them to the world of quantum simulation too: a feasible scheme for implementing duality transformations as physical operations, mapping between dual quantum states showing the same observable physics, rather than just a mathematical trick. Demonstrating with Abelian lattice models, we show how duality transformations could be implemented in the laboratory as sequences of single- and two-body operations - unitaries and measurements.
description: 16 pages
Getting Started with Data
Creators: name: Vrouwenvelder, Kristina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: data citation
data management
data sharing
publishing

description: Presentation given at the Open Science and Data Help Desk at AGU 2023 in San Francisco. 

Wednesday, 13 December 2023

Your data is valuable - and sharing your data makes your work more reproducible, more transparent, and more likely to be cited.

We'll discuss tips and best practices for sharing, publishing, and citing your data!
Circuits for integrating learned and innate valences in the insect brain.
Creators: name: Eschbach, Claire
name: Fushiki, Akira
name: Winding, Michael
name: Afonso, Bruno
name: Andrade, Ingrid V
name: Cocanougher, Benjamin
name: Eichler, Katharina
name: Gepner, Ruben
name: Si, Guangwei
name: Valdes-Aleman, Javier
name: Fetter, Richard D
name: Gershow, Marc
name: Jefferis, Gregory
name: Samuel, Aravinthan Dt
name: Truman, James W
name: Cardona, Albert
name: Zlatic, Marta
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Neuroscience
valence
learnt behavior
action selection
connectome
D. melanogaster

description: Funder: Howard Hughes Medical Institute; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000011
description: Animal behavior is shaped both by evolution and by individual experience. Parallel brain pathways encode innate and learned valences of cues, but the way in which they are integrated during action-selection is not well understood. We used electron microscopy to comprehensively map with synaptic resolution all neurons downstream of all mushroom body (MB) output neurons (encoding learned valences) and characterized their patterns of interaction with lateral horn (LH) neurons (encoding innate valences) in Drosophila larva. The connectome revealed multiple convergence neuron types that receive convergent MB and LH inputs. A subset of these receives excitatory input from positive-valence MB and LH pathways and inhibitory input from negative-valence MB pathways. We confirmed functional connectivity from LH and MB pathways and behavioral roles of two of these neurons. These neurons encode integrated odor value and bidirectionally regulate turning. Based on this, we speculate that learning could potentially skew the balance of excitation and inhibition onto these neurons and thereby modulate turning. Together, our study provides insights into the circuits that integrate learned and innate valences to modify behavior.
The Null Decomposition of Conformal Algebras
Creators: name: Mihai, Dana
name: Sparling, George A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the decomposition of the enveloping algebra of the conformal algebra in arbitrary dimension with respect to the mass-squared operator. It emerges that the subalgebra that commutes with the mass-squared is generated by its Poincare subalgebra together with a vector operator. The special cases of the conformal algebras of two and three dimensions are described in detail, including the construction of their Casimir operators.
description: 31 pages
Degradation of a water-in-salt electrolyte at graphite and Na metal electrodes from first principles
Creators: name: Rezaei, Majid
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Sample input and output files for the DFT calculations reported in the publication 'Degradation of a water-in-salt electrolyte at graphite and Na metal electrodes from first principles'. These sample VASP files model the adsorption of a single sodium triflate (NaOTF) ion pair and a solvent-separated ion pair (SSIP) on a bcc (100) sodium surface.
High-Resolution Imaging of Cold Atoms through a Multimode Fiber
Creators: name: Vitrant, Nicolas
name: Garcia, Sébastien
name: Müller, Kilian
name: Ourjoumtsev, Alexei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We developed an ultra-compact high-resolution imaging system for cold atoms. Its only in-vacuum element is a multimode optical fiber with a diameter of $230\,μ$m, which simultaneously collects light and guides it out of the vacuum chamber. External adaptive optics allow us to image cold Rb atoms with a $\sim 1\,μ$m resolution over a $100 \times 100\,μ$m$^2$ field of view. These optics can be easily rearranged to switch between fast absorption imaging and high-sensitivity fluorescence imaging. This system is particularly suited for hybrid quantum engineering platforms where cold atoms are combined with optical cavities, superconducting circuits or optomechanical devices restricting the optical access.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Toward a Clean Sample of Ultra-Luminous X-ray Sources
Creators: name: Lopez-Corredoira, M.
name: Gutierrez, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CONTEXT. Observational follow-up programmes for the characterization of ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) require the construction of clean samples of such sources in which the contamination by foreground/background sources is minimum. AIMS. In this article we calculate the degree of foreground/background contaminants among the ULX sample candidates in the Colbert & Ptak (2002) catalogue and compare these computations with available spectroscopical identifications. METHODS. We use statistics based on known densities of X-ray sources and AGN/QSOs selected in the optical. The analysis is done individually for each parent galaxy. The existing identifications of the optical counterparts are compiled from the literature. RESULTS. More than a half of the ULXs, within twice the distance of the major axis of the 25 mag/arcsec$^2$ isophote from RC3 nearby galaxies and with X-ray luminosities $L_X$[2-10 keV] $\ge 10^{39}$ erg/s, are expected to be high redshift background QSOs. A list of 25 objects (clean sample) confirmed to be real ULXs or to have a low probability of being contaminant foreground/background objects is provided.
description: 9 pages, accepted in A&A