cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The effect of semaglutide on blood pressure in patients without diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Kennedy, Cormac
name: HAYES, PETER
name: Salama, Sulafa
name: Hennessy, Martina
name: Fogacci, Federica
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: (1) Background: Recent advances in the pharmacological treatment of obesity with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) highlight the potential to target excess body weight to improve blood pressure (BP). This review aimed to determine the BP reduction in trials of semaglutide for weight reduction in patients without diabetes. (2) Methods: Relevant studies were identified via a search of research databases. Studies were screened to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of semaglutide versus a placebo in adults. Pooled and sensitivity analyses were performed, and risk of bias was assessed. (3) Results: six RCTs, with 4744 participants, were included in the final analysis. At baseline, the cohorts in these studies had a mean BP in the normotensive range. The mean difference in systolic BP was −4.83 mmHg (95% CI: −5.65 to −4.02), while that for diastolic BP was −2.45 mmHg (95% CI: −3.65 to −1.24). All included studies were of a high methodological quality. (4) Conclusions: A clinically significant reduction in BP was evident following semaglutide treatment in normotensive populations without diabetes. The effect of semaglutide in those with obesity and hypertension is as yet undetermined. Targeting excess body weight may be a novel therapeutic strategy for these patients.
Ablation of MEKK4 Kinase Activity Causes Neurulation and Skeletal Patterning Defects in the Mouse Embryo
Creators: name: Johnson, G. L.
name: Winter-Vann, A. M.
name: Uhlik, M. T.
name: Johnson, N. L.
name: Cuevas, B. D.
name: Sather, S.
name: Nakamura, K.
name: Vaillancourt, R. R.
name: Heasley, L. E.
name: Magnuson, T.
name: Rivera-Perez, J. A.
name: Lauder, J. M.
name: Abell, A. N.
name: Minton, S. K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Skeletal disorders and neural tube closure defects represent clinically significant human malformations. The signaling networks regulating normal skeletal patterning and neurulation are largely unknown. Targeted mutation of the active site lysine of MEK kinase 4 (MEKK4) produces a kinase-inactive MEKK4 protein (MEKK4K1361R). Embryos homozygous for this mutation die at birth as a result of skeletal malformations and neural tube defects. Hindbrains of exencephalic MEKK4K1361R embryos show a striking increase in neuroepithelial cell apoptosis and a dramatic loss of phosphorylation of MKK3 and -6, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs) regulated by MEKK4 in the p38 pathway. Phosphorylation of MAPK-activated protein kinase 2, a p38 substrate, is also inhibited, demonstrating a loss of p38 activity in MEKK4K1361R embryos. In contrast, the MEK1/2-extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)/ERK2 and MKK4-Jun N-terminal protein kinase pathways were unaffected. The p38 pathway has been shown to regulate the phosphorylation and expression of the small heat shock protein HSP27. Compared to the wild type, MEKK4K1361R fibroblasts showed significantly reduced phosphorylation of p38 and HSP27, with a corresponding heat shock-induced instability of the actin cytoskeleton. Together, these data demonstrate MEKK4 regulation of p38 and that substrates downstream of p38 control cellular homeostasis. The findings are the first demonstration that MEKK4-regulated p38 activity is critical for neurulation.
Evidence for Large Grains in the Star-forming Filament OMC-2/3
Creators: name: Schnee, Scott
name: Mason, Brian
name: Di Francesco, James
name: Friesen, Rachel
name: Li, Di
name: Sadavoy, Sarah
name: Stanke, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new 3.3 mm continuum map of the OMC-2/3 region. When paired with previously published maps of 1.2mm continuum and NH3-derived temperature, we derive the emissivity spectral index of dust emission in this region, tracking its changes across the filament and cores. We find that the median value of the emissivity spectral index is 0.9, much shallower than previous estimates in other nearby molecular clouds. We find no significant difference between the emissivity spectral index of dust in the OMC-2/3 filament and the starless or protostellar cores. Furthermore, the temperature and emissivity spectral index, beta, are anti-correlated at the 4 sigma level. The low values of the emissivity spectral index found in OMC-2/3 can be explained by the presence of millimeter-sized dust grains in the dense regions of the filaments to which these maps are most sensitive. Alternatively, a shallow dust emissivity spectral index may indicate non-powerlaw spectral energy distributions, significant free-free emission, or anomalous microwave emission. We discuss the possible implications of millimeter-sized dust grains compared to the alternatives.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
A High-resolution Optical Survey of Upper Sco: Evidence for Coevolution of Accretion and Disk Winds
Creators: name: Fang, Min
name: Pascucci, Ilaria
name: Edwards, Suzan
name: Gorti, Uma
name: Hillenbrand, Lynne A.
name: Carpenter, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and photoevaporative winds are thought to play an important role in the evolution and dispersal of planet-forming disks. Here, we analyze high-resolution ($Δv \sim$ 7 kms$^{-1}$) optical spectra from a sample of 115 T Tauri stars in the $\sim 5-10$ Myr Upper Sco association and focus on the [O I]$λ$6300 and H$α$ lines to trace disk winds and accretion, respectively. Our sample covers a large range in spectral type and we divide it into Warm (G0-M3) and Cool (later than M3) to facilitate comparison with younger regions. We detect the [O I]$λ$6300 line in 45 out of 87 upper sco sources with protoplanetary disks and 32 out of 45 are accreting based on H$α$ profiles and equivalent widths. All [O I] $λ$6300 Upper Sco profiles have a low-velocity (centroid $< -30$ kms$^{-1}$, LVC) emission and most (36/45) can be fit by a single Gaussian (SC). The SC distribution of centroid velocities and FWHMs is consistent with MHD disk winds. We also find that the Upper Sco sample follows the same accretion luminosity$-$LVC [O I]$λ$6300 luminosity relation and the same anti-correlation between SC FWHM and WISE W3-W4 spectral index as the younger samples. These results indicate that accretion and disk winds coevolve and that, as inner disks clear out, wind emission arises further away from the star. Finally, our large spectral range coverage reveals that Cool stars have larger FWHMs normalized by stellar mass than Warm stars indicating that [O I]$λ$6300 emission arises closer in towards lower mass/lower luminosity stars.
description: 47 pages, 32 figures; ApJ accepted
BAF57 Governs Androgen Receptor Action and Androgen-Dependent Proliferation through SWI/SNF
Creators: name: Rosson, G.
name: Knudsen, K. E.
name: Link, K. A.
name: Williams, E.
name: Marshall, T.
name: Weissman, B.
name: Henry, E.
name: Burd, C. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Androgen receptor (AR) activity is required for prostate cancer development and progression. Thus, there is a major impetus to understand the regulation of AR action. We and others have previously shown that AR transactivation potential is dependent on the presence of an active SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. However, the mechanisms underlying SWI/SNF regulation of the AR remained unsolved. We show here that the BAF57 subunit, an accessory component of the remodeling complex, is a critical regulator of AR function. We show that BAF57 is expressed in the luminal epithelia of the prostate and is required for AR-dependent transactivation in prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Our data reveal that BAF57 can directly bind to the AR and is recruited to endogenous AR targets upon ligand activation. Loss of BAF57 or inhibition of BAF57 function severely compromised AR activity, as observed with both exogenous and endogenous AR targets. Rescue of BAF57 function restored AR activity, thus demonstrating a specific requirement of BAF57 for AR activity. This action of BAF57 proved to be dependent on SWI/SNF ATPase function. BAF57 has previously been implicated in nuclear receptor coactivator function, and we show that, although BAF57 facilitated coactivator activity, only a selected subset required BAF57 for coactivator function. Lastly, we demonstrate that both BAF57 and BRM are required for the proliferation of AR-dependent prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. In summary, these findings identify BAF57 as a critical modulator of the AR that is capable of altering AR activity, coactivator function, and AR-dependent proliferation.
SERF: Interpretable Sleep Staging using Embeddings, Rules, and Features
Creators: name: Al-Hussaini, Irfan
name: Mitchell, Cassie S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.1; I.2.4; I.5.4; J.3

description: The accuracy of recent deep learning based clinical decision support systems is promising. However, lack of model interpretability remains an obstacle to widespread adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare. Using sleep as a case study, we propose a generalizable method to combine clinical interpretability with high accuracy derived from black-box deep learning. Clinician-determined sleep stages from polysomnogram (PSG) remain the gold standard for evaluating sleep quality. However, PSG manual annotation by experts is expensive and time-prohibitive. We propose SERF, interpretable Sleep staging using Embeddings, Rules, and Features to read PSG. SERF provides interpretation of classified sleep stages through meaningful features derived from the AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events. In SERF, the embeddings obtained from a hybrid of convolutional and recurrent neural networks are transposed to the interpretable feature space. These representative interpretable features are used to train simple models like a shallow decision tree for classification. Model results are validated on two publicly available datasets. SERF surpasses the current state-of-the-art for interpretable sleep staging by 2%. Using Gradient Boosted Trees as the classifier, SERF obtains 0.766 $κ$ and 0.870 AUC-ROC, within 2% of the current state-of-the-art black-box models.
description: Accepted by CIKM 2022
K I 7699 Å and related shell lines during the recent eclipse of $ε$ Aurigae
Creators: name: Muthumariappan, C.
name: Parthasarathy, M.
name: Leadbeater, R.
name: Potravnov, I. S.
name: Appakutty, M.
name: Jayakumar, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report high-resolution (R = 30\ 000, 45\ 000 and 75\ 000) echelle and medium-resolution (R = 22\ 000 and 10\ 000) spectroscopic observations of the long-period, eclipsing binary $ε$ Aurigae during the 2009 - 2011 eclipse. Low-excitation shell lines, viz, the K {\sevensize \rm I} line at 7699 Å (with 346 data points), Cr {\sevensize \rm I} lines at 5345.807 Å and 5348.326 Å and Fe {\sevensize \rm I} line at 5110.435 Å which originated from the disk shaped secondary, H$α$ and the shell components of the Na D$_{1}$ and D$_{2}$ lines show significant variation in their shapes and radial velocities during the eclipse. The equivalent width curve shown by the K {\sevensize \rm I} line around the ingress and egress phases indicates that the gas density in the trailing edge is about a factor of two higher than the density in the leading edge. Using a geometrical model, in which a homogeneous, cylindrical Keplarian disk eclipses the F0Ia primary star and the shell absorption lines originate from the gaseous atmosphere around an opaque disk, we fit the equivalent width and the radial velocity curves of the K {\sevensize \rm I} line covering the full eclipse. A reasonably good fit can be achieved by a low-mass binary model where the mass of the central star of the disk is 5.4 M$_{\odot}$ and the mass of the primary is 2.5 M$_{\odot}$ and a disk size of 8.9 AU. The low-mass of the primary, with enhanced $s$-process elements found by Sadakane et al. (2010), supports that it is a post-AGB F supergiant. For the high-mass binary model, the modelled radial velocity curve deviates significantly from the observations.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
Coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering off 3He and neutron generalized parton distributions
Creators: name: Rinaldi, Matteo
name: Scopetta, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been recently proposed to study coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) off 3He nuclei to access neutron generalized parton distributions (GPDs). In particular, it has been shown that, in Impulse Approximation (IA) and at low momentum transfer, the sum of the quark helicity conserving GPDs of 3He, H and E, is dominated by the neutron contribution. This peculiar result makes the 3He target very promising to access the neutron information. We present here the IA calculation of the spin dependent GPD tilde-H of 3He. Also for this quantity the neutron contribution is found to be the dominant one, at low momentum transfer. The known forward limit of the IA calculation of tilde-H, yielding the polarized parton distributions of 3He, is correctly recovered. The extraction of the neutron information could be anyway non trivial, so that a procedure, able to take into account the nuclear effects encoded in the IA analysis, is proposed. These calculations, essential for the evaluation of the coherent DVCS cross section asymmetries, which depend on the GPDs H, E and tilde-H, represent a crucial step for planning possible experiments at Jefferson Lab.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, invited talk at the 13th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon (MENU 2013), Rome, Italy, September 30th - October 4th, 2013
Bijective combinatorial proof of the commutation of transfer matrices in the dense O(1) loop model
Creators: name: Peled, Ron
name: Romik, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82B20, 82B23

description: The dense O(1) loop model is a statistical physics model with connections to the quantum XXZ spin chain, alternating sign matrices, the six-vertex model and critical bond percolation on the square lattice. When cylindrical boundary conditions are imposed, the model possesses a commuting family of transfer matrices. The original proof of the commutation property is algebraic and is based on the Yang-Baxter equation. In this paper we give a new proof of this fact using a direct combinatorial bijection.
description: 18 pages, many figures
BTB Protein Keap1 Targets Antioxidant Transcription Factor Nrf2 for Ubiquitination by the Cullin 3-Roc1 Ligase
Creators: name: Xiong, Y.
name: Furukawa, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The concentrations and functions of many eukaryotic proteins are regulated by the ubiquitin pathway, which consists of ubiquitin activation (E1), conjugation (E2), and ligation (E3). Cullins are a family of evolutionarily conserved proteins that assemble by far the largest family of E3 ligase complexes. Cullins, via a conserved C-terminal domain, bind with the RING finger protein Roc1 to recruit the catalytic function of E2. Via a distinct N-terminal domain, individual cullins bind to a protein motif present in multiple proteins to recruit specific substrates. Cullin 3 (Cul3), but not other cullins, binds directly with BTB domains to constitute a potentially large number of BTB-CUL3-ROC1 E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here we report that the human BTB-Kelch protein Keap1, a negative regulator of the antioxidative transcription factor Nrf2, binds to CUL3 and Nrf2 via its BTB and Kelch domains, respectively. The KEAP1-CUL3-ROC1 complex promoted NRF2 ubiquitination in vitro and knocking down Keap1 or CUL3 by short interfering RNA resulted in NRF2 protein accumulation in vivo. We suggest that Keap1 negatively regulates Nrf2 function in part by targeting Nrf2 for ubiquitination by the CUL3-ROC1 ligase and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. Blocking NRF2 degradation in cells expressing both KEAP1 and NRF2 by either inhibiting the proteasome activity or knocking down Cul3, resulted in NRF2 accumulation in the cytoplasm. These results may reconcile previously observed cytoplasmic sequestration of NRF2 by KEAP1 and suggest a possible regulatory step between KEAP1-NRF2 binding and NRF2 degradation.
The minimal growth of a $k$-regular sequence
Creators: name: Bell, Jason P.
name: Coons, Michael
name: Hare, Kevin G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We determine a lower gap property for the growth of an unbounded \(\mathbb{Z}\)-valued \(k\)-regular sequence. In particular, if \(f:\mathbb{N}\to\mathbb{Z}\) is an unbounded \(k\)-regular sequence, we show that there is a constant \(c>0\) such that \(|f(n)|>c\log n\) infinitely often. We end our paper by answering a question of Borwein, Choi, and Coons on the sums of completely multiplicative automatic functions.
description: 8 pages
Software Sustainability: A Design Case for Achieving Sustainable Pension Services in Developing Country
Creators: name: Adisa, Mikhail Ola
name: Oyedeji, Shola
name: Porras, Jari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The need for efficient and sustainable software to improve business and achieve goals cannot be over-emphasized. Sustainable digital services and product delivery cannot be achieved without embracing sustainable software design practices. Despite the current research progress on software sustainability, most software development practitioners in developing countries are unclear about what constitutes software sustainability and often lack the proper understanding of how to implement it in their specific industry domain. Research efforts from software engineering focused on promoting software sustainability awareness in developed countries, and fewer efforts have been channeled to studying the same awareness in developing countries. This has affected the level of awareness about sustainable software design practices in most developing countries. This research investigates the awareness of software sustainability in the Nigerian pension industry and its challenges among practitioners. The software development practitioners were engaged and interviewed. We offered ways to mitigate the identified challenges and promote the awareness of software sustainability in the pension industry. Our findings further show that, with the right sustainability knowledge, the software practitioners in the pension industry have the potential to support their organization's sustainable culture and improve the efficiency of product design and service delivery.
Species richness in tropical fresh waters of Australia
Creators: name: Shiel, R. J
name: Williams, W. D
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Murray-Darling Freshwater Research Centre

MDFRC item.

General ecological expectations about the relationship between latitude and species richness are that at low latitudes (the tropics) species richness is greater than at higher latitudes (temperate and polar regions). Recent work suggests that this may not be the case for several habitat types and biological groups in Australia. Results are conflicting: on present evidence (admittedly sparse) it appears that in Australian tropical fresh waters species richness is generally depressed in zooplankton and littoral microfaunal communities, but not in macroinvertebrate communities in typical streams and in fish communities (and perhaps also in amphibian and reptile communities). The situation is indeterminate for tropical phytoplankton and macrophyte communities.
ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey: Properties of Millimeter Galaxies Hosting X-ray Detected Active Galactic Nuclei
Creators: name: Uematsu, Ryosuke
name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Kohno, Kotaro
name: Yamada, Satoshi
name: Toba, Yoshiki
name: Fujimoto, Seiji
name: Hatsukade, Bunyo
name: Umehata, Hideki
name: Espada, Daniel
name: Sun, Fengwu
name: Magdis, Georgios E.
name: Kokorev, Vasily
name: Ao, Yiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the multi-wavelength properties of millimeter galaxies hosting X-ray detected active galactic nuclei (AGNs) from the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS). ALCS is an extensive survey of well-studied lensing clusters with ALMA, covering an area of 133 arcmin$^2$ over 33 clusters with a 1.2 mm flux-density limit of ${\sim}$60 $\mathrm{μJy}$ ($1σ$). Utilizing the archival data of Chandra, we identify three AGNs at $z=$1.06, 2.09, and 2.84 among the 180 millimeter sources securely detected in the ALCS (of which 155 are inside the coverage of Chandra). The X-ray spectral analysis shows that two AGNs are not significantly absorbed ($\log N_{\mathrm{H}}/\mathrm{cm}^{-2} < 23$), while the other shows signs of moderate absorption ($\log N_{\mathrm{H}}/\mathrm{cm}^{-2}\sim 23.5$). We also perform spectral energy distribution (SED) modelling of X-ray to millimeter photometry. We find that our X-ray AGN sample shows both high mass accretion rates (intrinsic 0.5--8 keV X-ray luminosities of ${\sim}10^{\text{44--45}}\,\mathrm{erg\ s^{-1}}$) and star-formation rates (${\gtrsim}100\,M_{\odot}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$). This demonstrates that a wide-area survey with ALMA and Chandra can selectively detect intense growth of both galaxies and supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the high-redshift universe.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Coupling of Human Circadian and Cell Cycles by the Timeless Protein
Creators: name: Kaufmann, W. K.
name: Sancar, A.
name: Unsal-Kacmaz, K.
name: Mullen, T. E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The Timeless protein is essential for circadian rhythm in Drosophila. The Timeless orthologue in mice is essential for viability and appears to be required for the maintenance of a robust circadian rhythm as well. We have found that the human Timeless protein interacts with both the circadian clock protein cryptochrome 2 and with the cell cycle checkpoint proteins Chk1 and the ATR-ATRIP complex and plays an important role in the DNA damage checkpoint response. Down-regulation of Timeless in human cells seriously compromises replication and intra-S checkpoints, indicating an intimate connection between the circadian cycle and the DNA damage checkpoints that is in part mediated by the Timeless protein.
Dimethylation of Histone H3 at Lysine 36 Demarcates Regulatory and Nonregulatory Chromatin Genome-Wide
Creators: name: Strahl, B. D.
name: Shibata, Y.
name: Rao, B.
name: Lieb, J. D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Set2p, which mediates histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation (H3K36me2) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been shown to associate with RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) at individual loci. Here, chromatin immunoprecipitation-microarray experiments normalized to general nucleosome occupancy reveal that nucleosomes within open reading frames (ORFs) and downstream noncoding chromatin were highly dimethylated at H3K36 and that Set2p activity begins at a stereotypic distance from the initiation of transcription genome-wide. H3K36me2 is scarce in regions upstream of divergently transcribed genes, telomeres, silenced mating loci, and regions transcribed by RNA polymerase III, providing evidence that the enzymatic activity of Set2p is restricted to its association with RNAP II. The presence of H3K36me2 within ORFs correlated with the “on” or “off” state of transcription, but the degree of H3K36 dimethylation within ORFs did not correlate with transcription frequency. This provides evidence that H3K36me2 is established during the initial instances of gene transcription, with subsequent transcription having at most a maintenance role. Accordingly, newly activated genes acquire H3K36me2 in a manner that does not correlate with gene transcript levels. Finally, nucleosomes dimethylated at H3K36 appear to be refractory to loss from highly transcribed chromatin. Thus, H3K36me2, which is highly conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution, provides a stable molecular mechanism for establishing chromatin context throughout the genome by distinguishing potential regulatory regions from transcribed chromatin.
Extracting spatial-temporal coherent patterns in large-scale neural recordings using dynamic mode decomposition
Creators: name: Brunton, Bingni W.
name: Johnson, Lise A.
name: Ojemann, Jeffrey G.
name: Kutz, J. Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: There is a broad need in the neuroscience community to understand and visualize large-scale recordings of neural activity, big data acquired by tens or hundreds of electrodes simultaneously recording dynamic brain activity over minutes to hours. Such dynamic datasets are characterized by coherent patterns across both space and time, yet existing computational methods are typically restricted to analysis either in space or in time separately. Here we report the adaptation of dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), an algorithm originally developed for the study of fluid physics, to large-scale neuronal recordings. DMD is a modal decomposition algorithm that describes high-dimensional dynamic data using coupled spatial-temporal modes; the resulting analysis combines key features of performing principal components analysis (PCA) in space and power spectral analysis in time. The algorithm scales easily to very large numbers of simultaneously acquired measurements. We validated the DMD approach on sub-dural electrode array recordings from human subjects performing a known motor activation task. Next, we leveraged DMD in combination with machine learning to develop a novel method to extract sleep spindle networks from the same subjects. We suggest that DMD is generally applicable as a powerful method in the analysis and understanding of large-scale recordings of neural activity.
description: 5 figures, 10 pages including methods
Posterior Probabilities: Dominance and Optimism
Creators: name: Hart, Sergiu
name: Rinott, Yosef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Bayesian posterior probability of the true state is stochastically dominated by that same posterior under the probability law of the true state. This generalizes to notions of "optimism" about posterior probabilities.
Endogenous Production of Lipoic Acid Is Essential for Mouse Development
Creators: name: Maeda, N.
name: Yi, X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a cofactor for mitochondrial α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes and is one of the most potent, natural antioxidants. Reduction of oxidative stress by LA supplementation has been demonstrated in patients with diabetic neuropathy and in animal models. To determine how normal development or pathological conditions are affected by genetic alterations in the ability of mammalian cells to synthesize LA and whether dietary LA can circumvent its endogenous absence, we have generated mice deficient in lipoic acid synthase (Lias). Mice heterozygous for disruption of the Lias gene develop normally, and their plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances do not differ from those of wild-type mice. However, the heterozygotes have significantly reduced erythrocyte glutathione levels, indicating that their endogenous antioxidant capacity is lower than those of wild-type mice. Homozygous embryos lacking Lias appear healthy at the blastocyst stage, but their development is retarded globally by 7.5 days postcoitum (dpc), and all the null embryos die before 9.5 dpc. Supplementing the diet of heterozygous mothers with LA (1.65 g/kg of body weight) during pregnancy fails to prevent the prenatal deaths of homozygous embryos. Thus, endogenous LA synthesis is essential for developmental survival and cannot be replaced by LA in maternal tissues and blood.
Stability criteria for hierarchical triple systems
Creators: name: Georgakarakos, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we give a summary of stability criteria that have been derived for hierarchical triple systems over the past few decades. We give a brief description and we discuss the criteria that are based on the generalisation of the concept of zero velocity surfaces of the restricted three body problem, to the general case. We also present criteria that have to do with escape of one of the bodies. Then, we talk about the criteria that have been derived using data from numerical integrations. Finally, we report on criteria that involve the concept of chaos. In all cases, wherever possible, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of the criteria and the methods their derivation was based on, and some comparison is made in several cases.
description: This is a preprint of a review article published in 'Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy' in 2008
Histone H2B Ubiquitylation Is Associated with Elongating RNA Polymerase II
Creators: name: Kao, C.-F.
name: Krogan, N. J.
name: Strahl, B. D.
name: Osley, M. A.
name: Xiao, T.
name: Greenblatt, J. F.
name: Sun, Z.-W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Rad6-mediated ubiquitylation of histone H2B at lysine 123 has been linked to transcriptional activation and the regulation of lysine methylation on histone H3. However, how Rad6 and H2B ubiquitylation contribute to the transcription and histone methylation processes is poorly understood. Here, we show that the Paf1 transcription elongation complex and the E3 ligase for Rad6, Bre1, mediate an association of Rad6 with the hyperphosphorylated (elongating) form of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). This association appears to be necessary for the transcriptional activities of Rad6, as deletion of various Paf1 complex members or Bre1 abolishes H2B ubiquitylation (ubH2B) and reduces the recruitment of Rad6 to the promoters and transcribed regions of active genes. Using the inducible GAL1 gene as a model, we find that the recruitment of Rad6 upon activation occurs rapidly and transiently across the gene and coincides precisely with the appearance of Pol II. Significantly, during GAL1 activation in an rtf1 deletion mutant, Rad6 accumulates at the promoter but is absent from the transcribed region. This fact suggests that Rad6 is recruited to promoters independently of the Paf1 complex but then requires this complex for entrance into the coding region of genes in a Pol II-associated manner. In support of a role for Rad6-dependent H2B ubiquitylation in transcription elongation, we find that ubH2B levels are dramatically reduced in strains bearing mutations of the Pol II C-terminal domain (CTD) and abolished by inactivation of Kin28, the serine 5 CTD kinase that promotes the transition from initiation to elongation. Furthermore, synthetic genetic array analysis reveals that the Rad6 complex interacts genetically with a number of known or suspected transcription elongation factors. Finally, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants bearing defects in the pathway to H2B ubiquitylation display transcription elongation defects as assayed by 6-azauracil sensitivity. Collectively, our results indicate a role for Rad6 and H2B ubiquitylation during the elongation cycle of transcription and suggest a mechanism by which H3 methylation may be regulated.
title: Rock slope failures along the Forkastningsfjellet coastline, Svalbard: characteristics and implications for controlling and triggering factors.
Creators: name: Kuhn ,  Dirk
name: Torizin ,  Jewgenij
name: Fuchs ,  Michael
name: Hermanns ,  Reginald
name: Redfield ,  Tim
name: Balzer ,  Dirk
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Climate warming and the related permafrost degradation are thought to influence slope stability, landscape evolution, and the natural hazard potential in polar- and high mountain regions. In this context, we investigate the coastal range of Forkastningsfjellet, Svalbard, which is affected by rock slope deformations of different magnitudes and age. Based on a detailed multidisciplinary investigation, we discuss the causes, kinematics and timing of rock slide activity. The distinct stair-stepped morphostructural relief of the Forkastningsfjellet ridge is the result of a giant postglacial deep-seated rock slide, which involved a minimum rock mass volume of 0.10 km³ and was probably related to the deglaciation of Isfjorden. Rock failure and movement in the hanging wall of a NW-dipping listric sliding surface led to the fragmentation of the sliding mass into separated tilt blocks. Since then mass wasting and seacliff erosion take place along the steep slopes of the coastal tilt blocks and on August 16th 2016 a coastal block of the postglacial Forkastningsfjellet rock slide was affected by a rotational rock slide comprising a volume of 175,000m³. As the reactivation of individual slide blocks could have severe consequences for the coastal regions of Longyearbyen by related displacement waves, a back analysis was carried out to derive potential controlling and triggering factors of the recent slope failure. Although the analysis suggests a structural control on the type and mechanism of slope failure, a significant impact of climate-related factors like permafrost degradation and increasing availability of water has to be considered.
Melanoma Antigen Gene Protein MAGE-11 Regulates Androgen Receptor Function by Modulating the Interdomain Interaction
Creators: name: Bai, S.
name: Wilson, E. M.
name: He, B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Gene activation by steroid hormone receptors involves the recruitment of the steroid receptor coactivator (SRC)/p160 coactivator LXXLL motifs to activation function 2 (AF2) in the ligand binding domain. For the androgen receptor (AR), AF2 also serves as the interaction site for the AR NH2-terminal FXXLF motif in the androgen-dependent NH2-terminal and carboxyl-terminal (N/C) interaction. The relative importance of the AR AF2 site has been unclear, since the AR FXXLF motif interferes with coactivator recruitment by competitive inhibition of LXXLL motif binding. In this report, we identified the X chromosome-linked melanoma antigen gene product MAGE-11 as an AR coregulator that specifically binds the AR NH2-terminal FXXLF motif. Binding of MAGE-11 to the AR FXXLF α-helical region stabilizes the ligand-free AR and, in the presence of an agonist, increases exposure of AF2 to the recruitment and activation by the SRC/p160 coactivators. Intracellular association between AR and MAGE-11 is supported by their coimmunoprecipitation and colocalization in the absence and presence of hormone and by competitive inhibition of the N/C interaction. AR transactivation increases in response to MAGE-11 and the SRC/p160 coactivators through mechanisms that include but are not limited to the AF2 site. MAGE-11 is expressed in androgen-dependent tissues and in prostate cancer cell lines. The results suggest MAGE-11 is a unique AR coregulator that increases AR activity by modulating the AR interdomain interaction.
Dyonic black holes: The theory of two electromagnetic potentials
Creators: name: Ramírez-Valdez, C. J.
name: García-Compeán, H.
name: Manko, V. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present paper we argue that the dyonic black hole spacetimes must be studied within the theory of two electromagnetic potentials, and we use the dyonic Reissner-Nordström solution to demonstrate that the field of the monopole magnetic charge is correctly described by the $t$-component of the dual electromagnetic potential. As a result, the Dirac string associated with the $φ$-component of the usual electromagnetic 4-potential becomes just a mathematical object, without any physical content, that arises in some calculations when one employs unsymmetrical representations of the electromagnetic field. We use three different, though equivalent, forms of the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor to calculate the Komar mass of the Reissner-Nordström black hole, and in one case the Dirac string is linked to the magnetic charge, in another to the electric charge, while the third, symmetrical case, is string-free.
description: 11 pages, no figures
title: Bildpolitische Aspekte in der Fandom Kommunikation
Creators: name: Kaiser, Lisa
Year: 2023

description: Memes und GIFs sind mittlerweile für viele Menschen zum alltäglichen Wegbegleiter geworden. Ihre sozialen, partizipatorischen Eigenschaften machen sie zu einem, vor allem in Fan-Gemeinschaften, spannenden und oft-eingesetzten Medium. Fans verspüren oft eine tiefe Verbundenheit zu ihren Fan-Objekt und möchten es daher nicht tatenlos hinnehmen, wenn beispielsweise ihrer geliebten Serie die Absetzung droht. Aus diesem Grund werden immer öfter Fan-Kampagnen gestartet, die gegen eine solche Absetzung protestieren. Hierzu kam es auch 2018, nach Bekanntgabe der Absetzung der Serie SHADOWHUNTERS. THE MORTAL INSTRUMENTS. Ein vermehrter Einsatz von Memes und GIFs kann in den Beiträgen dieser Kampagne beobachtet werden. Dank ihres multimodalen, polysemischen Charakters eignen sich Memes und GIFs für eine Vielzahl von Funktions- und Einsatzweisen. Diese reichen von alltäglichem, humorvollem Gebrauch, hin zu ernsterer Kritik und strategischem Einsatz. Diese Arbeit fokussiert sich auf drei Funktionen: Memes und GIFs als Marker für Emotion und Affekt, wobei, unter anderem, durch den spezifischen Fokus auf Gesichtsexpressionen ermöglicht wird, den emotionalen Zustand der User*innen verkörperlicht darzustellen. Die zweite Funktion, die im Rahmen der Arbeit behandelt wird, ist die Markierung der Zugehörigkeit zu einem bestimmten Fandom. Diese Funktion zeichnet sich, beispielsweise durch die Zurschaustellung kulturellen Kapitals in der Gemeinschaft aus. Die dritte Funktion ist jene der Bemächtigungsstrategie und/oder Grenzziehung. Dabei sind, unter anderem, Aspekte, wie Aneignung und die Art des eingesetzten Humors von Bedeutung. In der Auseinandersetzung und Analyse ausgewählter Beispiele und bestehender Literatur wird erläutert, wie sich Memes und GIFs aufbauen, und wie sich die Funktion(en) konkret in den medialen Artefakten darstellen. In der Analyse der Artefakte wird, gemäß dem Medium, als multimodale Konstruktion von meist Text und Bild, auch die textuelle Ebene, sowie die Relation von Text und Bild miteinbezogen.
Modulation of Smooth Muscle Gene Expression by Association of Histone Acetyltransferases and Deacetylases with Myocardin
Creators: name: Wang, D.-Z.
name: Richardson, J. A.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Oh, J.
name: Olson, E. N.
name: Cao, D.
name: Li, S.
name: Zhang, C.-L.
name: Xing, W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Differentiation of smooth muscle cells is accompanied by the transcriptional activation of an array of muscle-specific genes controlled by serum response factor (SRF). Myocardin is a cardiac and smooth muscle-specific expressed transcriptional coactivator of SRF and is sufficient and necessary for smooth muscle gene expression. Here, we show that myocardin induces the acetylation of nucleosomal histones surrounding SRF-binding sites in the control regions of smooth muscle genes. The promyogenic activity of myocardin is enhanced by p300, a histone acetyltransferase that associates with the transcription activation domain of myocardin. Conversely, class II histone deacetylases interact with a domain of myocardin distinct from the p300-binding domain and suppress smooth muscle gene activation by myocardin. These findings point to myocardin as a nexus for positive and negative regulation of smooth muscle gene expression by changes in chromatin acetylation.
Signatures of warm carbon monoxide in protoplanetary discs observed with Herschel SPIRE
Creators: name: van der Wiel, M. H. D.
name: Naylor, D. A.
name: Kamp, I.
name: Ménard, F.
name: Thi, W. -F.
name: Woitke, P.
name: Olofsson, G.
name: Pontoppidan, K. M.
name: Di Francesco, J.
name: Glauser, A. M.
name: Greaves, J. S.
name: Ivison, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular gas constitutes the dominant mass component of protoplanetary discs. To date, these sources have not been studied comprehensively at the longest far-infrared and shortest submillimetre wavelengths. This paper presents Herschel SPIRE FTS spectroscopic observations toward 18 protoplanetary discs, covering the entire 450-1540 GHz (666-195 $μ$m) range at R~400-1300. The spectra reveal clear detections of the dust continuum and, in six targets, a significant amount of spectral line emission primarily attributable to $^{12}$CO rotational lines. Other targets exhibit little to no detectable spectral lines. Low signal-to-noise detections also include signatures from $^{13}$CO, [CI] and HCN. For completeness, we present upper limits of non-detected lines in all targets, including low-energy transitions of H2O and CH$^+$ molecules. The ten $^{12}$CO lines that fall within the SPIRE FTS bands trace energy levels of ~50-500 K. Combined with lower and higher energy lines from the literature, we compare the CO rotational line energy distribution with detailed physical-chemical models, for sources where these are available and published. Our 13CO line detections in the disc around Herbig Be star HD 100546 exceed, by factors of ~10-30, the values predicted by a model that matches a wealth of other observational constraints, including the SPIRE $^{12}$CO ladder. To explain the observed $^{12}$CO/$^{13}$CO ratio, it may be necessary to consider the combined effects of optical depth and isotope selective (photo)chemical processes. Considering the full sample of 18 objects, we find that the strongest line emission is observed in discs around Herbig Ae/Be stars, although not all show line emission. In addition, two of the six T Tauri objects exhibit detectable $^{12}$CO lines in the SPIRE range.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 17 pages, 6 figures
Orphan Nuclear Receptor LRH-1 Is Required To Maintain Oct4 Expression at the Epiblast Stage of Embryonic Development
Creators: name: Goodwin, B.
name: Gu, P.
name: Cooney, A. J.
name: Gossen, J.
name: Price, R. R.
name: Koller, B. H.
name: Kliewer, S. A.
name: Galardi, C.
name: Latour, A. M.
name: Wheeler, D. A.
name: Chung, A. C.-K.
name: Peng, L.
name: Xu, X.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Oct4 plays an essential role in maintaining the inner cell mass and pluripotence of embryonic stem (ES) cells. The expression of Oct4 is regulated by the proximal enhancer and promoter in the epiblast and by the distal enhancer and promoter at all other stages in the pluripotent cell lineage. Here we report that the orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1, which is expressed in undifferentiated ES cells, can bind to SF-1 response elements in the proximal promoter and proximal enhancer of the Oct4 gene and activate Oct4 reporter gene expression. LRH-1 is colocalized with Oct4 in the inner cell mass and the epiblast of embryos at early developmental stages. Disruption of the LRH-1 gene results in loss of Oct4 expression at the epiblast stage and early embryonic death. Using LRH-1−/− ES cells, we also show that LRH-1 is required to maintain Oct4 expression at early differentiation time points. In vitro and in vivo results show that LRH-1 plays an essential role in the maintenance of Oct4 expression in ES cells at the epiblast stage of embryonic development, thereby maintaining pluripotence at this crucial developmental stage prior to segregation of the primordial germ cell lineage at gastrulation.
Dyonic black holes: The theory of two electromagnetic potentials. II
Creators: name: García-Compeán, H.
name: Manko, V. S.
name: Ramírez-Valdez, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results obtained in our previous paper are now extended to the case of stationary axially symmetric dyonic black boles within the theory of two electromagnetic potentials. We slightly enlarge the classical Ernst formalism by introducing, with the aid of the $t$- and $φ$-components of the dual potential $B_μ$, the magnetic potential $Φ_m$ which, similar to the known electric potential $Φ_e$, also takes constant value on the black hole horizon. We analyze in detail the case of the dyonic Kerr-Newman black hole and show how the Komar mass must be evaluated correctly in this stationary dyonic model. In particular, we rigorously prove the validity of the standard Tomimatsu mass formula and point out that attempts to "improve" it made in recent years are explained by misunderstanding of the auxiliary role that singular potentials play in the description of magnetic charges. Our approach is symmetrical with respect to electric and magnetic charges and, like in the static case considered earlier, Dirac strings of all kind are excluded from the physical picture of the stationary black hole dyonic spacetimes.
description: 14 pages, no figures