cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Amphetamine sensitization disrupts certain aspects of associative learning about natural rewards
Creators: name: Cantor, Anna
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Repeated exposure to psychostimulant drugs induces numerous behavioral, and neuronal changes, which in animals is thought to model certain neural adaptations that may contribute to drug addiction. Chronic AMPH has repeatedly been shown to alter the acquisition and expression of associations between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and natural rewards. Although repeated psychostimulant exposure can interfere with associative learning about natural food rewards, the manner in which these treatments affect acquisition and expression of these associations remains unclear. The current study investigated how repeated AMPH exposure (5 x 2 mg/kg over 10 days) affects learning, extinction and cue-induced reinstatement of instrumental responding of food-seeking behavior. Rats were trained over 7 days to press one of two levers for food and a tone/light CS. During subsequent extinction conducted over 3-6 days, responding delivered neither food nor the CS. On reinstatement tests, active lever presses produced the CS, but not food. Rats received repeated AMPH or saline prior to training (exp. 1A), after instrumental training (exp. 1B), or after training and extinction (exp. 1C). In experiment 1A, cue-induced reinstatement was blunted significantly in AMPH-treated rats. In contrast, AMPH-treatment after initial training (experiment 1B) significantly retarded extinction relative to controls, but did not affect cue-induced reinstatement. In experiment 1C, AMPH exposed rats displayed enhanced cue-induced reinstatement. Experiment 2 was conducted to clarify the results of experiment 1A. Rats were trained to nosepoke for food following a CS, and were then tested in the presence of two novel levers, responding on one delivered the food-associated CS. AMPH treatment impaired the acquisition of a new response with conditioned reinforcement. These findings suggest that repeated AMPH exposure prior to formation of response-CS associations selectively disrupts the ability of food-related stimuli to influence instrumental responding. Exposure after initial associative learning impedes extinction. AMPH administration after training and extinction enhance responding. Collectively, these findings suggest that AMPH sensitization can perturb certain aspects of amygdala-mediated associative learning related to natural, food rewards, and this impairment seems to reflect a weakened CS-reward association as opposed to a reduced preference for the food.
DISTINGUISHING FLUENCY AND ACCURACY ACTIVITIES
Creators: name: Sobirjonova, Muslimaxon
name: Ghafarov, Iqboljon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In language learning, educators often employ various activities to develop learners' proficiency. Two prominent approaches are fluency and accuracy activities. Fluency activities focus on promoting fluid and natural communication, while accuracy activities emphasize precise and error-free language production. This article aims to provide insights into distinguishing between fluency and accuracy activities, highlighting their unique characteristics, benefits, and implications for language learners. By understanding these distinctions, educators can design more effective language learning programs that cater to diverse learner needs, fostering both fluency and accuracy in language acquisition.
Regional Estimation of the Geometric and Dielectric Properties of Inhomogeneous Objects using Near-field Reflection Data
Creators: name: Kurrant, Douglas
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: Inverse problems
subject: microwave imaging
subject: radar applications
subject: reconstruction algorithms

description: An inversion strategy is presented that integrates a radar-based method with microwave tomography (MWT). The inversion technique is carried out in two steps. First, a reconstruction model indicating the locations and spatial features of regions of interest is constructed efficiently and quickly using ultrawideband (UWB) reflection data. The object-specific reconstruction model is incorporated into the second step of the procedure which estimates the mean dielectric properties over each region using MWT methods. Segmenting the internal structure of the object into regions provides prior information about an object's internal geometry and significantly simplifies the parameter space structure so that the inverse scattering problem solved with MWT is not as ill-posed as those typically encountered. The aim is to provide information about the basic structure of an object, including the geometric and mean dielectric properties of regions predominantly composed of a given material, rather than to reconstruct a detailed image.
Additional file 1 of Associations between ADHD and risk of six psychiatric disorders: a Mendelian randomization study
Creators: name: Guo, Yanwei
name: Li, Junyao
name: Hu, Renqin
name: Luo, Huirong
name: Zhang, Zheng
name: Tan, Jinglan
name: Luo, Qinghua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1.
Philip G. Wright, directed acyclic graphs, and instrumental variables
Creators: name: Abbring, Jaap H.
name: Chernozhukov, Victor
name: Fernández-Val, Iván
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 62D20, 62P20

description: Wright (1928) deals with demand and supply of oils and butter. In Appendix B of this book, Philip Wright made several fundamental contributions to causal inference. He introduced a structural equation model of supply and demand, established the identification of supply and demand elasticities via the method of moments and directed acyclical graphs, developed empirical methods for estimating demand elasticities using weather conditions as instruments, and proposed methods for counterfactual analysis of the welfare effect of imposing tariffs and taxes. Moreover, he took all of these methods to data. These ideas were far ahead, and much more profound than, any contemporary theoretical and empirical developments on causal inference in statistics or econometrics. This editorial aims to present P. Wright's work in a more modern framework, in a lecture note format that can be useful for teaching and linking to contemporary research.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, this version fixes a typo in the previous version
Unveiling Trends and Paradigm Shift in Agri-startups of Madhya Pradesh
Creators: name: Dr. Laveena Sharma1 & Dr. Deepak Pal2
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description: Madhya Pradesh, renowned as the "Heart of India," is currently witnessing a transformative phase in its agricultural sector catalyzed by a surge in innovative agri-startups. This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the emerging trends and the profound paradigm shift within the agri-entrepreneurial landscape of Madhya Pradesh. The abstract delves into three prominent trends, namely the Digital Agriculture Revolution, Sustainable Farming Practices, and Agri-TechCollaborations. Concurrently, it sheds light on the paradigm shift within agri-startups, emphasizing a transition from competition to collaboration, a heightened focus on innovation protection and ethical considerations, and a farmer-centric approach. This abstract offers a glimpse into how these trends and shifts are not only reshaping traditional agricultural practices but are also contributing to the sustainable and ethical evolution of the agrarian ecosystem in Madhya Pradesh. As the state becomes a focal point for agri-innovation, this exploration provides valuable insights into the future of agriculture in the region.
Direct and sequential radiative three-body reaction rates at low temperatures
Creators: name: Garrido, E.
name: de Diego, R.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the low-temperature reaction rates for radiative capture processes of three particles. We compare direct and sequential capture mechanisms and rates using realistic phenomenological parametrizations of the corresponding photodissociation cross sections.Energy conservation prohibits sequential capture for energies smaller than that of the intermediate two-body structure. A finite width or a finite temperature allows this capture mechanism. We study generic effects of positions and widths of two- and three-body resonances for very low temperatures. We focus on nuclear reactions relevant for astrophysics, and we illustrate with realistic estimates for the $α$-$α$-$α$ and $α$-$α$-$n$ radiative capture processes. The direct capture mechanism leads to reaction rates which for temperatures smaller than 0.1 GK can be several orders of magnitude larger than those of the NACRE compilation.
description: To be published in European Physical Journal A
Mass reservoirs surrounding massive infrared dark clouds: A view by near-infrared dust extinction
Creators: name: Kainulainen, J.
name: Alves, J.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Henning, T.
name: Schuller, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Infrared Dark Clouds (IRDCs) harbor progenitors of high-mass stars. Little is known of the parental molecular clouds of the IRDCs. Aims: We demonstrate the feasibility of the near-infrared (NIR) dust extinction mapping in tracing the parental molecular clouds of IRDCs at the distances of D = 2.5 - 8 kpc. Methods: We derive NIR extinction maps for 10 prominent IRDC complexes using a color-excess mapping technique and NIR data from the UKIDSS/Galactic Plane Survey. We compare the resulting maps to the 13CO emission line data, to the 8 μm dust opacity data, and to the millimeter dust emission data. We derive distances for the clouds by comparing the observed NIR source densities to the Besancon stellar distribution model and compare them to the kinematic distance estimates. Results: The NIR extinction maps provide a view to the IRDC complexes over the dynamical range of Av = 2 - 40 mag, in spatial resolution of 30". The NIR extinction data correlate well with the 13CO data and probe a similar gas component, but also extend to higher column densities. The NIR data reveal a wealth of extended structures surrounding the dense gas traced by the 8 μm shadowing features and sub-mm dust emission, showing that the clouds contain typically > 10 times more mass than traced by those tracers. The IRDC complexes of our sample contain relatively high amount of high-column density material, and their cumulative column density distributions resemble active nearby star-forming clouds like Orion rather than less active clouds like California. Conclusions: NIR dust extinction data provide a new powerful tool to probe the mass distribution of the parental molecular clouds of IRDCs up to the distances of D = 8 kpc. This encourages for deeper NIR observations of IRDCs, because the sensitivity and resolution of the data can be directly enhanced with dedicated observations.
description: 22 pages, 24 figures, accepted to A&A. A version with full resolution figures can be downloaded from http://www.mpia-hd.mpg.de/homes/jtkainul/NexusI/NexusI_v1.pdf
Testing the fairness of citation indicators for comparison across scientific domains: the case of fractional citation counts
Creators: name: Radicchi, Filippo
name: Castellano, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Citation numbers are extensively used for assessing the quality of scientific research. The use of raw citation counts is generally misleading, especially when applied to cross-disciplinary comparisons, since the average number of citations received is strongly dependent on the scientific discipline of reference of the paper. Measuring and eliminating biases in citation patterns is crucial for a fair use of citation numbers. Several numerical indicators have been introduced with this aim, but so far a specific statistical test for estimating the fairness of these numerical indicators has not been developed. Here we present a statistical method aimed at estimating the effectiveness of numerical indicators in the suppression of citation biases. The method is simple to implement and can be easily generalized to various scenarios. As a practical example we test, in a controlled case, the fairness of fractional citation count, which has been recently proposed as a tool for cross-discipline comparison. We show that this indicator is not able to remove biases in citation patterns and performs much worse than the rescaling of citation counts with average values.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
BRIBERY AND FACTORS CAUSING IT
Creators: name: Sobirjonova, Muslimaxon
name: Aktamkhonova, Nozimabonu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Bribery is a pervasive form of corruption that undermines social, economic, and political systems worldwide. This article examines the concept of bribery, its detrimental effects, and explores strategies for combating this unethical practice. By understanding the complexities surrounding bribery and implementing effective measures, societies can work towards fostering transparency, accountability, and ethical governance.
Biochemical and evolutionary studies of sesquiterpene lactone metabolism in the sunflower (Asteraceae) family
Creators: name: Nguyen, Trinh Don
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Sciences
subject: sesquiterpene lactone
subject: Specialized metabolism
subject: Asteraceae
subject: Evolution
subject: Biochemistry

description: Plants have evolved the capacity to synthesize a myriad of specialized metabolites which enhance their fitness in specific living conditions. These compounds are also widely utilized for human purposes. Elucidating the enzymes in plant specialized metabolism has been one of the main forces driving plant biochemistry. The more intriguing question, however, is how these enzymes evolved to acquire their existent functions. The Asteraceae, the largest flowering plant family, is well-known for its enormously diverse and lineage-characteristic contents of sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). Thousands of compounds in this subclass of specialized metabolites have been studied extensively for their structures and valuable bioactivities. However, the details of their metabolism are poorly understood. Studying STLs in the Asteraceae thus improves our knowledge of the biosynthesis of these compounds. Furthermore, the tight links between STLs and the Asteraceae family provide an excellent model to explore enzyme adaptive evolution. My thesis aims to advance our understanding of STL metabolism by focusing on elucidating the enzyme that is responsible for the oxidation of sesquiterpene to sesquiterpene carboxylic acid in the general STL biosynthetic route of the Asteraceae. In lettuce, two cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase (P450) isoforms responsible for oxidizing the three consecutive oxidations of germacrene A to germacrene A carboxylic acid in the biosynthesis of costunolide were characterized. This was achieved using a combination of genomic and biochemical approaches, and the aid of a metabolically-engineered yeast system. Furthermore, this germacrene A oxidase (GAO) activity was demonstrated to be highly conserved throughout the Asteraceae, even in the phylogenetically basal subfamily Barnadesioideae, which split from the rest of the family at least 50 million years go. Previous studies have characterized an Artemisia annua-specific sesquiterpene oxidase, amorphadiene oxidase (AMO), which is considered to have diverged from an ancestral GAO. The substrate specificity/promiscuity of AMO and GAOs towards each other’s natural substrates and seven other non-natural substrates was investigated to test the general hypothesis of enzyme evolution from ancestral promiscuity. The results from these combinatorial biochemistry studies and phylogenetic relations of AMO and GAOs provided deep insights into the evolution of these P450s in the context of the chemical diversity of the Asteraceae.
Characterizing small ubiquitin like modification of ING1
Creators: name: Satpathy, Shankha
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Molecular Biology, Biochemistry

description: The INhibitor of Growth (ING) proteins have been classified as type II tumor suppressors, being frequently reported to mis-localize or be repressed in several forms of cancer. The ING family consists of 5 genes (ing1-5) encoding multiple protein isoforms. The most conserved domain found in the INGs is the Plant Homeo Domain (PHD) that is commonly found in chromatin remodeling proteins. ING1 and ING2 are a part of the Sin3A-HDAC1/2 protein complex and ING3, ING4, ING5 associate with different HAT complexes. Based upon comprehensive interactome analyses, the 3 yeast ING proteins are predicted to specifically associate with >1,000 yeast proteins. Many recent reports suggest roles for ING proteins in DNA damage repair, apoptosis, chromatin remodeling, angiogenesis, metastasis and senescence, however how the proteins themselves are regulated by various post translational modifications is not yet clear. We have identified a novel post-translational modification of ING1 and altogether our data suggests the role of this modification in ING1 mediated gene regulation.
The Genomic Diversity and Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Canadian Dairy Cattle
Creators: name: Ahlstrom, Christina
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology
subject: Veterinary Science
subject: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis
subject: molecular epidemiology
subject: Johne's disease

description: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative bacterium of Johne’s disease, a chronic enteritis in ruminants. Extensive collaborations with Johne’s disease researchers from across Canada provided an opportunity to build a collection of MAP isolates representing all provinces. Difficulties in interpreting the minimal genetic diversity between isolates have previously limited the power of traditional molecular epidemiological approaches in determining transmission patterns. However, the use of whole genome sequencing (WGS) now permits the diversity and relationship of MAP isolates to be assessed in much greater detail. The focus of this thesis was to investigate MAP genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology using molecular tools and phylogenetic analyses based primarily on WGS. In the following chapters the phylogeography and evolutionary dynamics of MAP in Canadian dairy cattle, explored through a combination of complementary approaches, will be presented. In Chapter 2, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was applied to interrogate a discriminatory short sequence repeat locus in the MAP genome, improving the discrimination of long mononucleotide repeats. In Chapter 3, WGS was used to determine the reliability of variable number tandem repeat typing (VNTR) to appropriately assess epidemiologically related and unrelated isolates. The use of WGS clarified the level of diversity and relationship between isolates and revealed that VNTR typing does not always reflect extensive within-herd MAP diversity. In Chapter 4, several thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to infer the phylogeny of Canadian isolates in the context of the known global diversity, identifying a dominant clade that includes more than 85% of the Canadian isolates. The phylogeography of MAP at a national and provincial level was further explored, in which considerable overlap of MAP types between different provinces and within a single province was found. In Chapter 5, the impact of SNPs on the microevolution of the Canadian MAP population was investigated, identifying specific genes with an overrepresentation of nonsynonymous mutations and observing selection over time in multiple subtypes. Lastly, in Chapter 6 a novel PCR assay is described that targeted phylogenetically informative SNPs to further identify the relative importance of MAP subtypes in over 600 Canadian isolates.
Chemical Characterization and Source Apportionment of Ambient PM2.5 over Key Emission Regions in China
Creators: name: Zhou, Jiabin
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Engineering--Environmental
subject: PM2.5
subject: air quality
subject: source apportionment
subject: carbonaceous aerosol
subject: China

description: A year-round campaign was completed for comprehensive characterization of PM2.5 over four key emission regions in China. The annual average PM2.5 mass concentrations ranged from 60.5 to 148.9 μg m-3. Nine water-soluble ions collectively contributed 33–41% of PM2.5 mass, with three dominant ionic species being SO42-, NO3-, NH4+, and carbonaceous particulate matter contributed 16-23% of the PM2.5 mass. The characteristic chemical species combined with back trajectory analysis indicated that Wuqing site was heavily influenced by air masses originating from Mongolia and North China Plain regions, whereas Deyang site suffered from both local emissions of Sichuan Basin and biomass burning via long-range transport from South Asia. A molecular marker-chemical mass balance (MM-CMB) receptor model revealed that the major primary contributors to PM2.5 OC were vehicle emission, coal combustion, biomass burning, meat cooking and natural gas combustion, which collectively accounted for 84±24% of measured OC. The major contributors to PM2.5 mass were secondary sulfate (26-30%), vehicle emission (12-26%), secondary nitrate (12-23%), coal combustion (6-12%), secondary ammonium (7-9%), biomass burning (4-12%), meat cooking (2-5%), natural gas combustion (1-2%), and other OM (2-13%) on annual average at these sites. This study found the source apportionment has distinct regional and seasonal characteristics. This knowledge is essential for government to make region specific control strategies for fine particles pollution in China.
Tight Probability Bounds for Hausdorff Random Variables with Applications to Optimal Cancer Radiotherapy Treatment Design
Creators: name: Weppler, Sarah
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Optimization
subject: probability bounds
subject: shifted moments

description: The goal of this thesis is to examine tight computable bounds on a probability measure generated by its moments. We study measures supported on a real line and propose an extension of the classical moment problem to the so-called rational moments. Specifically, we examine semidefinite and linear optimization formulations for solving the univariate rational Hausdorff moment problem given a vector of moments. We further investigate shifted moments to reduce the distance between probability bounds, and propose a numerical method to better position such shifts. In addition, when only a few raw and shifted moments are known, we derive novel extensions of the Markov and Chebyshev bounds. Motivated by the problem of optimal radiotherapy treatment design, we present a novel and first in its class cutting plane method to be included within the mixed integer branch and cut scheme. Implementing these cuts results in as much as a 40% runtime reduction.
dwelling · lifestyle · community: reconsidered | reconceived | redesigned
Creators: name: Rajan, Saad
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: real estate
subject: residency
subject: design
subject: systems thinking
subject: Innovation
subject: Decision making
subject: sustainability
subject: community
subject: lifestyle
subject: dwelling
subject: home
subject: efficacy
subject: architecture
subject: planning
subject: Development
subject: finance
subject: marketing

description: Design and architecture play an incredibly important role in our lives. They shape our lifestyles, interests, passions and relationships. The way we design and interact with our surroundings defines our ethics, values and personal identities. From the scale of cities and neighbourhoods to the corners of our homes, built-environments both capture and design our lives. Design and architecture are incredibly important to our personal standard of living and quality of life but they also impact the environment and the economy. Therefore, the design decisions that are made within the design and development industry have implications on a scale which spans the global community. Through my local and international work experiences, I have found that the design and development industry is fundamentally broken in many ways. Communication barriers between stakeholders and limited awareness from end-users has led to a system which lacks innovation and efficacy. In order to provide this, there is a need to re-shift the system and re-align stakeholders so that we begin to foster a more conducive environment. Perhaps through disruptive technologies and new intermediaries (LePatner & Jacobson 2007) we can create this change and provide residential design and architecture that is more innovative and reflects the needs and desires of end-users with greater efficacy. The approach uses various methods of research to understand the complexity of the industry and identify the exact gaps which are hindering the system. Through research, reflection, synthesis, design and systems-thinking, solutions are identified, evaluated and designed. This exploration is fundamental to begin the discussion for how change can be manifested in a large and powerful industry where the status quo seeks to continue its reign. Through piloting solutions, designing and iterating we may be able to create the methods and interventions necessary to bring about systemic change. Designers, architects, planners, developers, financiers, builders, marketers, end-users, researchers and entrepreneurs may consider and reflect upon the ideas put forward in this thesis.
Polarization of light scattered by large aggregates
Creators: name: Kolokolova, Ludmilla
name: Mackowski, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Study of cosmic dust and planetary aerosols indicate that some of them contain a large number of aggregates of the size that significantly exceeds the wavelengths of the visible light. In some cases such large aggregates may dominate in formation of the light scattering characteristics of the dust. In this paper we present the results of computer modelling of light scattering by aggregates that contain more than 1000 monomers of submicron size and study how their light scattering characteristics, specifically polarization, change with phase angle and wavelength. Such a modeling became possible due to development of a new version of MSTM (Multi Sphere T-Matrix) code for parallel computing. The results of the modeling are applied to the results of comet polarimetric observations to check if large aggregates dominate in formation of light scattering by comet dust. We compare aggregates of different structure and porosity. We show that large aggregates of more than 98% porosity (e.g. ballistic cluster-cluster aggregates) have angular dependence of polarization almost identical to the Rayleigh one. Large compact aggregates (less than 80% porosity) demonstrate the curves typical for solid particles. This rules out too porous and too compact aggregates as typical comet dust particles. We show that large aggregates not only can explain phase angle dependence of comet polarization in the near infrared but also may be responsible for the wavelength dependence of polarization, which can be related to their porosity.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, Key words: Aggregates, polarization, comet dust, porosity, modeling, T-matrix, parallel computing
title: The choice-theoretic characterizations of risk changes and risk attitudes
      in cumulative prospect theory
title: a stochastic dominance approach
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Yang, Qiulin
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2019

description: Stochastic dominance provides an effective tool to characterize
      individuals’ risk attitudes in decision making under risk by comparing
      risky prospects. The emergence of the cumulative prospect theory (CPT),
      developed by Kahneman and Tversky (1979) and Tversky and Kahneman (1992),
      provides a prominent alternative to the expected utility theory. This
      thesis aims to provide a choice-theoretic characterization for risk
      changes and risk attitudes under CPT using a stochastic dominance
      approach.

      This thesis identifies a set of stochastic dominance conditions to
      generalize the notions of increase in risk, strong risk aversion, downside
      risk and downside risk aversion to accommodate risk aversion, risk seeking
      and downside risk aversion preferences in the CPT paradigm. This study
      further investigates risk measures implied by risky choice behaviour of
      CPT decision makers. This thesis also extends the analyses to general
      reference point and inverse S-shaped value functions.

      The stochastic dominance conditions identified in this thesis provide an
      approach for risk preference elicitation in the paradigm of CPT without
      prior knowledge on the shape of value functions or probability weighting
      functions, which complements to existing risk preference elicitation
      approaches. Consequently, the equivalence of risk measures and stochastic
      dominance conditions enables risk preference elicitation through pairwise
      comparisons of risky prospects. The implications of this work in
      experimental studies and optimal decision problems (e.g. portfolio choice)
      shed new light into the application of CPT.
Additional file 1 of General somatic health and lifestyle habits in individuals with obsessive- compulsive disorder: an international survey
Creators: name: Holmberg, Anna
name: Martinsson, Lina
name: Lidin, Matthias
name: Rück, Christian
name: Mataix-Cols, David
name: Fernández de la Cruz, Lorena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Quintessence, Neutrino Masses and Unification of the Dark Sector
Creators: name: Chitov, Gennady Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the neutrino mass, dark matter (DM), and dark energy (DE) are among the most challenging problems of fundamental physics. We address these questions from analyses of the models where the neutrino mass is generated via Yukawa coupling to the quintessence field which represents the DE. It has been shown in a recent work on the toy model with a single Dirac fermion coupled to the quintessence that by choosing parameters of the DE potential to match the present DE density, the model allows to lock the neutrino mass at m ~0.01 eV and yields consistent estimates for other parameters of the Universe. To include the DM component into this framework we propose here to add the right-handed Majorana term(s) into Lagrangian with the quintessence-generated mass. As a results, the DE field is responsible for generation of the masses of the light active Majorana neutrinos as well as of the heavy sterile neutrinos. The latter are natural DM candidates.
description: 9 pages, prepared for Proceedings of the XXth International Workshop "High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory", Sept. 24 - Oct. 1, 2011, Sochi, Russia
title: Aufbau eines Lehr-Lern-Labors in der Biologie
title: Entwicklung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung der Erwartungen von Lehrkräften an die Inhalte, Ziele, Rahmenbedingungen und didaktische Gestaltung
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Bergmann, Markus
Publisher: name: DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications Online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany
Year: 2017
Subjects: Lehr-Lern-Labor
Schülerlabor
Erwartungen
Fragebogen

description: Lehr-Lern-Labore sind klassische Schülerlabore, die um die Anbindung an die universitäre Lehrerausbildung erweitert sind. Im Zuge der Entwicklung des Bio-Innovativ LehrLernLabors an der Universität Duisburg-Essen soll ein Angebot entstehen, das die Bedürfnisse aus der Schulpraxis berücksichtigt. Daher wurde ein Fragebogen zur Evaluation der Erwartungen von Biologielehrkräften an Inhalte, Ziele, Rahmenbedingungen und an die didaktische Gestaltung von Lehr-Lern-Laboren entwickelt und erprobt.

Die Entwicklung des weitestgehend vollstandardisierten Online-Fragebogens erfolgte theoriegeleitet und praxisorientiert. An der Erprobung nahmen 41 Biologielehrkräfte teil. Durch explorative Faktorenanalysen wurde der Fragebogen auf 77 Items gekürzt. Alle Skalen der redigierten Fassung weisen eine mindestens ausreichende Reliabilität auf.

Die Ergebnisse der Erprobung decken sich weitestgehend mit bisherigen Erkenntnissen über die Erwartungen von Lehrkräften an Schülerlabore und erweitern diese. Es zeigen sich Diskrepanzen zwischen Themenwünschen und erwarteten Kompetenzzuwächsen. Besonders Angebote zu Themen der Sekundarstufe II werden gewünscht. Die hohen fachlichen Anforderungen entsprechender Experimente stehen im Kontrast zu geringen Erwartungen an die Kompetenzzuwächse in Bereichen des Fachwissens und der Fachsprache.

Die Ergebnisse bieten Anlass den Fragebogen in einer repräsentativen Stichprobe einzusetzen und so eine Grundlage für die Entwicklung bedarfsorientierter Angebote in Lehr-Lern-Laboren zu schaffen.
Menippe nodifrons Stimpson 1859
Creators: name: Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De
name: Guerrazzi, Maria Cec Lia
name: Coelho, Petr Ȏ Nio Alves
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Menippidae
Menippe
Menippe nodifrons

description: Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859
Material examined (N=1). 1juv, 25/IX/2004, St. 0 4 (MZUESC #724).
Distribution. Western Atlantic - east coast of the United States, Central America, Antilles, northern South America, and Brazil (from Maranhão to Santa Catarina). Eastern Pacific - from Cape Verde to Angola (Melo 1996).
Ecological notes. In intertidal pools, under rocks, and jetties. Shallow waters (Melo 1996). Previous records in Bahia. Joly et al. (1969), Gomes Corrêa (1972), Melo (1985).
description: Published as part of Almeida, Alexandre Oliveira De, Guerrazzi, Maria Cec Lia & Coelho, Petr Ȏ Nio Alves, 2007, Stomatopod and decapod crustaceans from Camamu Bay, state of Bahia, Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 1553 on pages 34-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.178168
AVALIAÇÃO DO IMPACTO DE POLÍTICAS ADOTADAS NO ÂMBITO DO PROGRAMA DO XIX GOVERNO CONSTITUCIONAL EM RELAÇÃO AO SETOR DA SAÚDE
Creators: name: Farmacoterapia, Revista
Publisher: name: Revista Portuguesa de Farmacoterapia
Year: 2016

description: O estudo «Avaliação do impacto de políticas adotadas no âmbito do Programa do XIX Governo Constitucional em relação ao setor da Saúde», uma iniciativa da Nova Healthcare Initiative – Research e da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, coordenado pelo Prof. Doutor Pedro Pita Barros, da Nova School of Business and Economics, foi apresentado no passado dia 30 de setembro. Este estudo teve como objetivo a avaliação do impacto das políticas públicas adotadas no setor da saúde no período 2011-2015. Publicamos em seguida um resumo do estudo.
description: Revista Portuguesa de Farmacoterapia, v. 7 n. 4 (2015): Outubro
AS FARMÁCIAS E A CRISE ECONÓMICA EM PORTUGAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Creators: name: Farmacoterapia, Revista
Publisher: name: Revista Portuguesa de Farmacoterapia
Year: 2016

description: Foi publicado em junho de 2015 um estudo da autoria de António Pedro Aguiar, Luís Manuel Martins e Francisco Batel Marques, que avalia os fatores que conduziram à deterioração da situação económica das farmácias em Portugal, utilizando como critérios de análise as características de gestão destes locais. Publicamos de seguida um resumo do estudo. «Pharmacies and the Economic Crisis in Portugal: A Case-Study International Journal of Health Sciences.» Disponível em http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijhs.v3n2a7.
description: Revista Portuguesa de Farmacoterapia, v. 7 n. 4 (2015): Outubro
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DA ENFERMAGEM NA REINSERÇÃO SOCIAL DO PACIENTE PORTADOR DE COLOSTOMIA DIGESTIVA
Creators: name: Da Silva, Maria Fernanda Bandeira
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Colostomias, Prestação de assistência à saúde, Pessoas com Deficiência.

description: A colostomia digestiva é realizada por meio de um procedimento cirúrgico, que exterioriza uma parte do cólon (intestino grosso) à parede abdominal, que pode ser de carácter provisório ou definitivo. Cabe salientar, que esse processo é realizado quando o
 paciente apresenta problemas de natureza traumáticas, doenças inflamatórias, patologias crônicas, neoplasias e entre outras, que impedem a correta eliminação das fezes pelo ânus. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura, onde foi realizada consulta à literatura científica através das pesquisas na base de dados eletrônicos da Científica Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Assim, neste meio eletrônico foram utilizados os descritores “Colostomias”, “Prestação de assistência à saúde”, e “Pessoas com Deficiência”. Inicialmente foram lidos os primeiros títulos de cada base, sendo lidos os resumos dos títulos considerados adequados à temática. Sendo assim, adotou-se critérios de inclusão que foram a seleção de artigos completos e revisões que produziram os conhecimentos com maior número de evidências quanto à temática nos períodos de 2015 a 2020, utilizando-se os idiomas português e inglês. E como critérios de exclusão, considerou-se artigos duplicados ou publicados em anos anteriores a 2015.
 Foram selecionados 11 artigos durante as buscas realizadas. Resultados e Discussões: De acordo com os estudos realizados, é notável que a problemática vivenciada diariamente pelos pacientes colostomizados são advindas principalmente de sua debilitação corporal, que influência para se sentirem incapazes de terem uma vida social normalizada novamente após esse processo cirúrgico. Sendo assim, fica evidente que a enfermagem irá trabalhar, mediante as ações de incentivo, respeito e humanização,
 objetivando-se ampliar os horizontes e as perspectivas desses pacientes para a melhoria da qualidade de vida. Considerações Finais: Em suma, fica nítido a abrangência e a importância da enfermagem, no papel do cuidado integralizado ao paciente portador de colostomia digestiva. Sendo responsável pelo incentivo da auto estima, assim como dispersar as orientações de higiene pessoal, além disso se faz responsável para o auxílio aos familiares sobre a necessidade de participação e colaboração nessa nova etapa.
Chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement in QCD at finite temperature
Creators: name: Dominguez, C. A.
name: Loewe, M.
name: Zhang, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The light-quark correlator in the axial-vector channel is used, in conjunction with finite energy QCD sum rules at finite temperature, in order to (a) establish a relation between chiral-symmetry restoration and deconfinement, and (b) determine the temperature behavior of the $a_1(1260)$ width and coupling. Results indicate that deconfinement takes place at a slightly lower temperature than chiral-symmetry restoration, although this difference is not significant given the accuracy of the method. The behaviour of the $a_1(1260)$ parameters is consistent with quark-gluon deconfinement, as the width grows and the coupling decreases with increasing temperature.
Skew-Varicose Instability in Two Dimensional Generalized Swift-Hohenberg Equations
Creators: name: Weliwita, J. A.
name: Rucklidge, A. M.
name: Tobias, S. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We apply analytical and numerical methods to study the linear stability of stripe patterns in two generalizations of the two-dimensional Swift-Hohenberg equation that include coupling to a mean flow. A projection operator is included in our models to allow exact stripe solutions. In the generalized models, stripes become unstable to the skew-varicose, oscillatory skew-varicose and cross-roll instabilities, in addition to the usual Eckhaus and zigzag instabilities. We analytically derive stability boundaries for the skew-varicose instability in various cases, including several asymptotic limits. We also use numerical techniques to determine eigenvalues and hence stability boundaries of other instabilities. We extend our analysis to both stress-free and no-slip boundary conditions and we note a cross over from the behaviour characteristic of no-slip to that of stress-free boundaries as the coupling to the mean flow increases or as the Prandtl number decreases. Close to the critical value of the bifurcation parameter, the skew varicose instability has the same curvature as the Eckhaus instability provided the coupling to the mean flow is greater than a critical value. The region of stable stripes is completely eliminated by the cross-roll instability for large coupling to the mean flow.
description: 18 pages, double sided, in APS journal format(submitted to PRE), 20 figures
Evolution of Dermatocranial Shape in Horned Lizards (Phrynosoma)
Creators: name: Powell, George Lawrence
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: geometric morphometrics
subject: dermatocranium
subject: Phrynosomatidae
subject: horned lizards

description: Synapomorphies of the iguanian genus Phrynosoma include morphological, physiological and behavioural characters that are associated with myrmecophagy. One such feature is the dermatocranial horn array which I hypothesized is a key innovation that has promoted the posited adaptive radiation of this genus. To explore this I first described the dermatocranium of Phrynosoma hernandesi and used this as the basis for a review of dermatocranial variation among the species of the genus. Comparative and ontogenetic criteria were used to determine homology among the horns of the dermatocranial horn array. A plesiomorphic horn array, present in the last common ancestor of the genus, was retrieved, and its expression determined in the extant species of the genus. Geometric morphometric analysis of ontogenetic dermatocranial form change in Phrynosoma hernandesi indicated that allometry accounts for ~53% of the total sample form variance, and localized allometric integration of the posterior regions of the dermatocranium is suggested. Sexual shape dimorphism is minimal. Allometry-free shape variance was concentrated in the posterolateral and posterior regions of the dermatocranium. A modularity hypothesis dividing the dermatocranium among six modules is supported. A phylogenetic geometric morphometric analysis of dermatocranial shape variation of all species of Phrynosoma (excepting P. sherbrookei), and the callisaurine species Holbrookia maculata and Cophosaurus texanus, indicated that the assumption of a Brownian motion evolutionary model does not apply to the evolution of body size and dermatocranial shape in this clade. Evolutionary modes of maximum body length, head length, dermatocranial centroid size at maximum body length, and dermatocranial shape for Phrynosoma alone are non-Brownian motion in nature, suggestive that the genus constitutes an adaptive radiation. Occupation of a phylomorphospace generated for dermatocranial shape is consistent with this conclusion. Phylogenetic shape change early in the evolution of Phrynosoma is, however, inconsistent with the hypothesis that the dermatocranial horns constitute the key innovation for this adaptive radiation, although a well-developed horn array is basal for the genus. I conclude that both the short-horned and long-horned conditions are alternative means of protect the brain by extending the periphery of the dermatocranium.
SOFIA observations of far-infrared hydroxyl emission toward classical ultracompact HII/OH maser regions
Creators: name: Csengeri, T.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Requena-Torres, M. A.
name: Güsten, R.
name: Wiesemeyer, H.
name: Hübers, H. -W.
name: Hartogh, P.
name: Jacobs, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hydroxyl radical (OH) is found in various environments within the interstellar medium (ISM) of the Milky Way and external galaxies, mostly either in diffuse interstellar clouds or in the warm, dense environments of newly formed low-mass and high-mass stars, i.e, in the dense shells of compact and ultracompact HII regions (UCHIIRs). Until today, most studies of interstellar OH involved the molecule's radio wavelength hyperfine structure (hfs) transitions. These lines are generally not in LTE and either masing or over-cooling complicates their interpretation. In the past, observations of transitions between different rotational levels of OH, which are at far-infrared wavelengths, have suffered from limited spectral and angular resolution. Since these lines have critical densities many orders of magnitude higher than the radio wavelength ground state hfs lines and are emitted from levels with more than 100 K above the ground state, when observed in emission, they probe very dense and warm material. We probe the warm and dense molecular material surrounding the UCHIIR/OH maser sources W3(OH), G10.62-0.39 and NGC 7538 IRS1 by studying the $^2Π_{1/2}, J = {3/2} - {1/2}$ rotational transition of OH in emission and, toward the last source also the molecule's $^2Π_{3/2}, J = 5/2 - 3/2$ ground-state transition in absorption. We used the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) to observe these OH lines, which are near 1.84 THz ($163 μ$m) and 2.51 THz ($119.3 μ$m). We clearly detect the OH lines, some of which are blended with each other. Employing non-LTE radiative transfer calculations we predict line intensities using models of a low OH abundance envelope versus a compact, high-abundance source corresponding to the origin of the radio OH lines.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A (SOFIA/GREAT special issue)