cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Reiche Haushalte in Deutschland spenden relativ zum Einkommen weniger als ärmere Haushalte
Creators: name: Schulz-Sandhof, Karsten
name: Schupp, Jürgen
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: D64 Altruism
subject: Z13 Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Social and Economic Stratification
subject: donations
subject: charitable giving
subject: income
subject: SOEP

description: Die regelmäßige Haushaltsbefragung des SOEP zum Spendenverhalten hat sich im Jahr 2020 erstmals auch an eine Zufallsstichprobe von Hochvermögenden gerichtet, die im Jahr zuvor in das SOEP aufgenommen wurden. Bei Einbeziehung der Hochvermögenden erhöht sich das private Spendenvolumen im Berichtsjahr 2019 von 9,7 auf 10,3 Milliarden Euro, obwohl insgesamt weniger Menschen spenden als im Jahr 2017 und die Quote von 46,8 auf 43,3 Prozent sinkt. Im Jahr 2021 steigt das Spendenvolumen unter Fortschreibung auf Grundlage des DZI Spenden-Index auf 12,9 Milliarden Euro. Die Analysen der SOEP-Daten zeigen einen klaren Einfluss der Höhe des Einkommens auf die Spendentätigkeit. Die einkommensstärksten zehn Prozent der Haushalte bringen zwar 37 Prozent des gesamten Spendenaufkommens auf. Relativ zu ihrem verfügbaren Einkommen spenden sie allerdings weniger als die unteren Einkommensgruppen. Jedoch ist die steuerliche Begünstigung bei niedrigen Einkommen weitaus geringer als bei hohen, da sie sich nach dem Grenzsteuersatz richtet. Eine steuerliche Gleichbehandlung könnte die Spendenbereitschaft erhöhen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 46, S. 595-605
SLE martingales in coset conformal field theory
Creators: name: Nazarov, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J67, 81T40, 17B68

description: Scharmm-Loewner evolution (SLE) and conformal field theory (CFT) are popular and widely used instruments to study critical behavior of two-dimensional models, but they use different objects. While SLE has natural connection with lattice models and is suitable for strict proofs, it lacks computational and predictive power of conformal field theory. To provide a way for the concurrent use of SLE and CFT we consider CFT correlation functions which are martingales with respect to SLE. We establish connection between parameters of Schramm-Loewner evolution on coset space and algebraic data of coset conformal field theory. Then we check the consistency of our approach with the behaviour of parafermionic and minimal models. Coset models are connected with off-critical massive field theories and we discuss implications for SLE.
description: 4 pages, two column layout, updated to match published version
Measurement of the weak mixing angle with the Drell-Yan process in proton-proton collisions at the LHC
Creators: name: The CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multivariate likelihood method to measure electroweak couplings with the Drell-Yan process at the LHC is presented. The process is described by the dilepton rapidity, invariant mass, and decay angle distributions. The decay angle ambiguity due to the unknown assignment of the scattered constituent quark and antiquark to the two protons in a collision is resolved statistically using correlations between the observables. The method is applied to a sample of dimuon events from proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.1 inverse femtobarns. From the dominant u-ubar, d-dbar to gamma*/Z to opposite sign dimuons process, the effective weak mixing angle parameter is measured to be sin^2(theta[eff]) = 0.2287 +/- 0.0020 (stat.) +/- 0.0025 (syst.). This result is consistent with measurements from other processes, as expected within the standard model.
Evaluation of Selected Shipping Containers for Eastern-Grown Peaches
Creators: name: Hale, Philip W.
name: Mallison, Earl D.
name: Hale, Philip W.
name: Mallison, Earl D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: An acceptable shipping container for peaches should protect the peaches throughout the entire marketing system. A new flat-top basket and four types of jumble-filled boxes for fresh peaches were evaluated in June and July 1962 in Georgia and South Carolina, in August 1962 in New Jersey, and again in June, July, and August 1963 in Georgia and South Carolina. The new containers were compared with each other and with the crown-cover basket in terms of their cost, the labor cost to pack them, and other features. The cost of containers was obtained from peach shippers. Time studies were made in peach packing plants to determine labor requirements and costs. The objective of the study was to decrease the cost of marketing fresh peaches through lower container and packing costs and to reduce peach bruising in transport and handling.
What is a Randomization Test?
Creators: name: Zhang, Yao
name: Zhao, Qingyuan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Mental Health
subject: Plant Biology

description: The meaning of randomization tests has become obscure in statistics education and practice over the last century. This article makes a fresh attempt at rectifying this core concept of statistics. A new term—“quasi-randomization test”—is introduced to define significance tests based on theoretical models and distinguish these tests from the “randomization tests” based on the physical act of randomization. The practical importance of this distinction is illustrated through a real stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. Building on the recent literature on randomization inference, a general framework of conditional randomization tests is developed and some practical methods to construct conditioning events are given. The proposed terminology and framework are then applied to understand several widely used (quasi-)randomization tests, including Fisher’s exact test, permutation tests for treatment effect, quasi-randomization tests for independence and conditional independence, adaptive randomization, and conformal prediction. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Well-watered vs. water-stressed: the contribution of modern C4 stable isotope analysisfor reconstructing past agricultural practices in drylands
Creators: name: Varalli, Alessandra
name: D'agostini, Francesca
name: Fiorentino, Girolamo
name: De Benedetto, Giuseppe
name: Pennetta, Antonio
name: Madella, Marco
name: Vadez, Vincent
name: Lancelotti, Carla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Powerpoint presentation for the talk delivered at the 2th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists. Please note that those presented are preliminary results and more analyses are ongoing so there is a good chance that the final results might look different than the ones visible in the slides.
title: Role of AI in Threat Detection and Zero-day Attacks
Creators: name: Morgan, Kelly
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Cybercrime and attack methods have been steadily increasing since the 2019 pandemic. In the years following 2019, the number of victims and attacks per hour rapidly increased as businesses and organizations transitioned to digital environments for business continuity amidst lockdowns. In most scenarios cybercriminals continued to use conventional attack methods and known vulnerabilities that would cause minimal damage to an organization with a robust cyber security posture. However, zero-day exploits have skyrocketed across all industries with an increasingly growing technological landscape encompassing internet of things (IoT), cloud hosting, and more advanced mobile technologies. Reports by Mandiant Threat Intelligence (2022) concluded that 2021 had the largest increase in zero-days accounting for at least 80% that had been exploited. State-sponsored actors led by Chinese groups were the primary attackers. Traditional methods of defense, which include antivirus software, patching, firewalls, and other cybersecurity controls are less effective against zero-days, which are unknown to vendors and organizations. Zero-days bypass the traditional signature and anomaly-based detections and antivirus software, which contain signatures information for known attacks. To deal with a changing and advanced threat landscape, techniques incorporating artificial intelligence such as machine learning and deep learning along with IDS have been implicated in detecting and preventing zero-day attacks.
The competition hypergraphs of doubly partial orders
Creators: name: Kim, Suh-Ryung
name: Lee, Jung Yeun
name: Park, Boram
name: Sano, Yoshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75, 05C20

description: Since Cho and Kim (2005) showed that the competition graph of a doubly partial order is an interval graph, it has been actively studied whether or not the same phenomenon occurs for other variants of competition graph and interesting results have been obtained. Continuing in the same spirit, we study the competition hypergraph, an interesting variant of the competition graph, of a doubly partial order. Though it turns out that the competition hypergraph of a doubly partial order is not always interval, we completely characterize the competition hypergraphs of doubly partial orders which are interval.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
title: "Doppelwumms": Wo bleiben Anreize für Investitionen?: Kommentar
Creators: name: Kritikos, Alexander S.
name: Kriwoluzky, Alexander
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 45, S. 592
Perapion (Perapion) marseuli
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Colonnelli, Enzo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Brentidae
Perapion
Perapion marseuli

description: Perapion (Perapion) marseuli (Wencker, 1864)
Distribution in Iran. Hormozgan (Bajtenov & Fremuth 1981; Legalov et al. 2010, both as P. (Perapion) ormusense Bajtenov & Fremuth, 1981).
General distribution. Algeria, Iran, Israel, Libya, Morocco, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Colonnelli, Enzo, 2020, An annotated checklist of the Iranian Brentidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 151-178 in Zootaxa 4759 (2) on page 155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3737365
Automated derivation of the adjoint of high-level transient finite element programs
Creators: name: Farrell, Patrick E.
name: Ham, David A.
name: Funke, Simon F.
name: Rognes, Marie E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 65N30, 68N20, 49M29

description: In this paper we demonstrate a new technique for deriving discrete adjoint and tangent linear models of finite element models. The technique is significantly more efficient and automatic than standard algorithmic differentiation techniques. The approach relies on a high-level symbolic representation of the forward problem. In contrast to developing a model directly in Fortran or C++, high-level systems allow the developer to express the variational problems to be solved in near-mathematical notation. As such, these systems have a key advantage: since the mathematical structure of the problem is preserved, they are more amenable to automated analysis and manipulation. The framework introduced here is implemented in a freely available software package named dolfin-adjoint, based on the FEniCS Project. Our approach to automated adjoint derivation relies on run-time annotation of the temporal structure of the model, and employs the FEniCS finite element form compiler to automatically generate the low-level code for the derived models. The approach requires only trivial changes to a large class of forward models, including complicated time-dependent nonlinear models. The adjoint model automatically employs optimal checkpointing schemes to mitigate storage requirements for nonlinear models, without any user management or intervention. Furthermore, both the tangent linear and adjoint models naturally work in parallel, without any need to differentiate through calls to MPI or to parse OpenMP directives. The generality, applicability and efficiency of the approach are demonstrated with examples from a wide range of scientific applications.
A nonequilibrium extension of the Clausius heat theorem
Creators: name: Maes, Christian
name: Netocny, Karel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the Clausius (in)equality to overdamped mesoscopic and macroscopic diffusions in the presence of nonconservative forces. In contrast to previous frameworks, we use a decomposition scheme for heat which is based on an exact variant of the Minimum Entropy Production Principle as obtained from dynamical fluctuation theory. This new extended heat theorem holds true for arbitrary driving and does not require assumptions of local or close to equilibrium. The argument remains exactly intact for diffusing fields where the fields correspond to macroscopic profiles of interacting particles under hydrodynamic fluctuations. We also show that the change of Shannon entropy is related to the antisymmetric part under a modified time-reversal of the time-integrated entropy flux.
description: 23 pages; v2: manuscript significantly extended
Spin-to-orbital angular momentum conversion in focusing, scattering, and imaging systems
Creators: name: Bliokh, K. Y.
name: Ostrovskaya, E. A.
name: Alonso, M. A.
name: Rodriguez-Herrera, O. G.
name: Lara, D.
name: Dainty, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general theory of spin-to-orbital angular momentum (AM) conversion of light in focusing, scattering, and imaging optical systems. Our theory employs universal geometric transformations of nonparaxial optical fields in such systems and allows for direct calculation and comparison of the AM conversion efficiency in different physical settings. Observations of the AM conversions using local intensity distributions and far-field polarimetric measurements are discussed.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures
title: Melchior Daniel Meier
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Melchior Daniel Meier as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
title: Industrieforschung in Deutschland nach wie vor stark, aber zunehmend unter Druck: Interview
Creators: name: Belitz, Heike
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 45, S. 590
Projective Cross-Ratio on Hypercomplex Numbers
Creators: name: Brewer, Sky
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 51M99 (Primary) 51N25, 53A35, 51F20 (Secondary)

description: The paper presents a new cross-ratio of hypercomplex numbers based on projective geometry. We discuss the essential properties of the projective cross-ratio, notably its invariance under Mobius transformations. Applications to the geometry of conic sections and Mobius-invariant metrics on the upper half-plane are also given.
title: CT Ratio in Differential Diagnosis of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Focal Nodular Hyperplasia
Creators: name: Ge, Xiuhong
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: Abdomen
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The objective was to explore the value of computed tomography (CT) between the lesion and the surrounding normal liver parenchyma to differentiate the small hepatocellular carcinoma (SHCC, ≤ 3 cm) from the small hepatic focal nodular hyperplasia...
Bacterial Soft Rot in Bell Peppers: Cause and Commercial Control
Creators: name: Johnson, Howard B.
name: Johnson, Howard B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: Bacterial soft rot (Erwinia carotovora (L. R. Jones) Holland, and other bacteria) is the most destructive postharvest decay of bell peppers. The bacteria are common in most soils and normally invade the pod through wounds. Broken stems, resulting from harvesting, provide an ideal entry point for infection after contact either with contaminated soil or with picking and packing equipment. Studies made in the field and packing shed to pinpoint the locations at which soft rot infections occur and the results of controlled laboratory tests are discussed in this report.
title: How can we investigate the nodular thyroid diseases using thyroid scan?
Creators: name: Aung, Lwin
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Head and neck
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the differential diagnosis in nodular thyroid diseases along with imaging features and to know the imaging findings that can help the clinicians to change the therapeutic...
title: Forschung in der deutschen Industrie: hohe Intensität, aber geringe Dynamik
Creators: name: Belitz, Heike
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: O25 Industrial Policy
subject: O30 Technological Change; Research and Development; Intellectual Property Rights: General
subject: C33 Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models: Models with Panel Data; Longitudinal Data; Spatial Time Series
subject: O50 Economywide Country Studies: General
subject: Research and Development
subject: Manufacturing
subject: International Comparison

description: Die Ausgaben für Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) sind in Deutschland im Corona-Jahr 2020 im Vergleich zu 2019 um insgesamt 5,3 Prozent gesunken. Während die OECD-Länder erstmals in einem Krisenjahr ihre FuE-Aufwendungen im Durchschnitt sogar leicht erhöhten, ging es am Forschungsstandort Deutschland stärker bergab als in der Finanzkrise im Jahr 2009 – insbesondere in der Industrie und hierbei im Kraftfahrzeugbau. Geringer war der Rückgang des FuE-Personals. Im internationalen Vergleich war die Entwicklung der deutschen Industrieforschung schon vor 2020 wenig dynamisch. Die FuE-Intensität, also die FuE-Aufwendungen in Relation zur Wirtschaftsleistung, stieg zwar über die Jahre, liegt aber unter derjenigen in den USA und Japan. Erste Daten für 2021 zeigen, dass forschungsstarke deutsche Unternehmen wieder mehr für FuE ausgaben als 2020, das Wachstum allerdings weiterhin unter dem Durchschnitt ihrer internationalen Wettbewerber blieb. Weltweit wächst die FuE vor allem in Branchen, auf die deutsche Großunternehmen nicht spezialisiert sind, etwa Software und Computerdienste, Hardwareproduktion sowie Pharma und Biotechnologie. Um die technologische Breite der Forschung für die doppelte Transformation zu einer digitalisierten und klimaneutralen Wirtschaft zu sichern, sind die Industrieunternehmen verstärkt auf den Zugang zu weltweitem Wissen angewiesen – etwa über eigene Forschungseinheiten im Ausland und internationale Forschungskooperationen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 45, S. 579-589
Development of a Hydrohandling System for Sorting and Sizing Apples for Storage in Pallet Boxes
Creators: name: Dewey, D. H.
name: Stout, B. A.
name: Matthews, R. H.
name: Bakker-Arkema, F. W.
name: Herrick, Joseph F.
name: Dewey, D. H.
name: Stout, B. A.
name: Matthews, R. H.
name: Bakker-Arkema, F. W.
name: Herrick, Joseph F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpt from the report: Studies were conducted to investigate the properties and characteristics of apple fruits related to sizing, sorting, and filling them into boxes, utilizing water as the handling medium; and to design, construct, and evaluate various components on a pilot scale for a hydrohandling system. The findings provided basic information essential for the development of equipment for sorting and sizing apples destined for storage in pallet boxes.
title: Learning from errors and discrepancies: advantages of double reading protocol in prostate MRI
Creators: name: Alvarez-Hornia, Eduardo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Urinary Tract / Bladder
subject: Genital / Reproductive system male
subject: Pelvis
subject: MR
subject: Screening
subject: Education
subject: Neoplasia

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To describe our work methodology using a Double Reading protocol in the evaluation of all prostate MRI performed in our center. To emphasize the importance of quality control in the radiology reports, avoiding the omission of important...
title: Detangling the ‘knotty’ knee … neglected causes of knee pain !!
Creators: name: Gupta, Saryu
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Musculoskeletal joint

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To demonstrate some varied causes of the very common complaint of knee pain not limited to the knee joint proper To stress upon these entities as possible differentials so that readers look beyond traumatic internal knee...
GPUs as Storage System Accelerators
Creators: name: Al-Kiswany, Samer
name: Gharaibeh, Abdullah
name: Ripeanu, Matei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Massively multicore processors, such as Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), provide, at a comparable price, a one order of magnitude higher peak performance than traditional CPUs. This drop in the cost of computation, as any order-of-magnitude drop in the cost per unit of performance for a class of system components, triggers the opportunity to redesign systems and to explore new ways to engineer them to recalibrate the cost-to-performance relation. This project explores the feasibility of harnessing GPUs' computational power to improve the performance, reliability, or security of distributed storage systems. In this context, we present the design of a storage system prototype that uses GPU offloading to accelerate a number of computationally intensive primitives based on hashing, and introduce techniques to efficiently leverage the processing power of GPUs. We evaluate the performance of this prototype under two configurations: as a content addressable storage system that facilitates online similarity detection between successive versions of the same file and as a traditional system that uses hashing to preserve data integrity. Further, we evaluate the impact of offloading to the GPU on competing applications' performance. Our results show that this technique can bring tangible performance gains without negatively impacting the performance of concurrently running applications.
description: IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 2012
title: Image quality evaluation and radiation dose reduction in Chest CT in pulmonary infection.
Creators: name: Schinina, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Dosimetry
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Radioprotection / Radiation dose
subject: Lung
subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Image verification

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The literature estimates that 0,7% - 2 % of new cancer cases observed in each year in the USA may be attributable to CT scanning. Various dose-reduction strategies have been explored to decrease the radiation dose during CTs, but all these...
Reconstructing Disrupted Lives : the Canadian exhibition of children's art from refugee camps
Creators: name: Mantooth, Meredith Diane
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: During the 1980s International Observers from Canadian churches and development organizations went to Central American refugees living in Honduras and México who fled from conflict zones in El Salvador and Guatemala, respectively. While there the observers commissioned and collected drawings by children living in the refugee camps. Shortly after this, the drawings were exhibited across Canada from 1986-1987 as part of the exhibition Disrupted Lives: Children’s Drawings from Central America. In this paper I argue that the exhibition of children’s drawings gave voice to a silenced aspect of Latin American history – the experiences of children living abroad in refugee camps displaced by the violence and civil wars in their home nations Guatemala and El Salvador. The “unsilencing” (Michel-Rolph Trouillot; 1995) of their histories also positions the drawings as illustrated examples of testimonio as defined by John Beverley (2004).
title: Künftig solle es nur noch ein Programm für Selbstständige geben – transparent und verlässlich: Interview
Creators: name: Kritikos, Alexander S.
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 44, S. 575
Perapion (Perapion) oblongum
Creators: name: Ghahari, Hassan
name: Colonnelli, Enzo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Brentidae
Perapion
Perapion oblongum

description: Perapion (Perapion) oblongum (Gyllenhal, 1839)
Distribution in Iran. Zanjan (Sakenin et al. 2018).
General distribution. Albania, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, China, Czech Republic, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, Poland, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Slovakia, Syria, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.
description: Published as part of Ghahari, Hassan & Colonnelli, Enzo, 2020, An annotated checklist of the Iranian Brentidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea), pp. 151-178 in Zootaxa 4759 (2) on page 155, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4759.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3737365
title: Correlation between medial meniscal extrusion determined by dynamic ultrasonography and MRI findings of medial type knee osteoarthritis in patients with knee pain
Creators: name: Özdemir, Meltem
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: Staging
subject: Arthritides

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease among aging population and one of the most common target joints of involvement is the knee joint [1]. Among other structural changes, meniscal pathologies seem to stand one step further in initiating...
Extremal results in sparse pseudorandom graphs
Creators: name: Conlon, David
name: Fox, Jacob
name: Zhao, Yufei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Szemerédi's regularity lemma is a fundamental tool in extremal combinatorics. However, the original version is only helpful in studying dense graphs. In the 1990s, Kohayakawa and Rödl proved an analogue of Szemerédi's regularity lemma for sparse graphs as part of a general program toward extending extremal results to sparse graphs. Many of the key applications of Szemerédi's regularity lemma use an associated counting lemma. In order to prove extensions of these results which also apply to sparse graphs, it remained a well-known open problem to prove a counting lemma in sparse graphs. The main advance of this paper lies in a new counting lemma, proved following the functional approach of Gowers, which complements the sparse regularity lemma of Kohayakawa and Rödl, allowing us to count small graphs in regular subgraphs of a sufficiently pseudorandom graph. We use this to prove sparse extensions of several well-known combinatorial theorems, including the removal lemmas for graphs and groups, the Erdős-Stone-Simonovits theorem and Ramsey's theorem. These results extend and improve upon a substantial body of previous work.
description: 70 pages, accepted for publication in Adv. Math
title: Encephalitis: make it easy!
Creators: name: Silini, Rached
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Inflammation
subject: Infection
subject: Acute
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Emergency
subject: CNS

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of our educational exhibit is to: 1/ Discuss typical image findings of encephalitis. 2/ Describe how to proceed in a purpose to assist the clinician in his diagnostic...
Finite temperature correlation functions from discrete functional equations
Creators: name: Aufgebauer, Britta
name: Klümper, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new approach to the static finite temperature correlation functions of the Heisenberg chain based on functional equations. An inhomogeneous generalization of the n-site density operator is considered. The lattice path integral formulation with a finite but arbitrary Trotter number allows to derive a set of discrete functional equations with respect to the spectral parameters. We show that these equations yield a unique characterization of the density operator. Our functional equations are a discrete version of the reduced q-Knizhnik-Zamolodchikov equations which played a central role in the study of the zero temperature case. As a natural result, and independent of the arguments given by Jimbo, Miwa, and Smirnov (2009) we prove that the inhomogeneous finite temperature correlation functions have the same remarkable structure as for zero temperature: they are a sum of products of nearest-neighbor correlators.
description: 24 pages, 11 figures
Coordinating Fluid Milk Supplies in the Pittsburgh Market
Creators: name: Lasley, Floyd A.
name: Lasley, Floyd A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpt from the report: How does market organization affect functional efficiency in a fluid milk market? This study seeks to determine and evaluate differences in the relative efficiency of alternative methods of coordinating the total milk supply with demand. Marketing firms employ various means to achieve a degree of balance between supply and demand. Some of these have resulted in greater efficiency--some in less. The degree of efficiency is compared by two measures: (1) The relative portion of the milk supply which must be carried as necessary reserves, and (2) the relative cost of managing and handling the flow of milk by different methods. The case study approach was used to compare relationships under the various coordinating systems. This report is based upon a study of the Pittsburgh, Pa., marketing area.
title: Corona-Soforthilfe wirksamer bei Selbstständigen mit hohem Digitalisierungsgrad
Creators: name: Kritikos, Alexander S.
name: Bertschek, Irene
name: Block, Jörn
name: Stiel, Caroline
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: C14 Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
subject: H43 Project Evaluation; Social Discount Rate
subject: L25 Firm Performance: Size, Diversification, and Scope
subject: L26 Entrepreneurship
subject: J68 Mobility, Unemployment, and Vacancies: Public Policy
subject: O33 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes
subject: Employment
subject: Emergency Aid
subject: Treatment Effects
subject: Covid-19
subject: Entrepreneurship
subject: Digitalization
subject: Resilience

description: Selbstständige haben während der Covid-19-Pandemie im Vergleich zu abhängig Beschäftigten besonders starke Einkommensverluste erlitten. Zu ihrer Unterstützung hat die Bundesregierung daher verschiedene Programme mit Liquiditätshilfen aufgelegt. Im Frühjahr 2020 startete der Bund die Soforthilfe, die für von Umsatzrückgängen betroffene Selbstständige Einmalzahlungen von bis zu 15 000 Euro vorsah. Für die Hilfen gab es rund 2,2 Millionen Anträge – rund die Hälfte aller Selbstständigen wollte diese somit in Anspruch nehmen. Analysen zur Wirkung des Programms auf Grundlage von Online-Umfragedaten mit 27 000 Selbstständigen zeigen: Unter den Selbstständigen, die die Soforthilfe bezogen haben, hat sich die Einschätzung, dass ihre Unternehmung die Krise überstehen würde, im Durchschnitt nur moderat erhöht. Allerdings wirken die staatlichen Hilfen bei Selbstständigen mit stark digitalisierten Unternehmungen deutlich stärker als bei Selbstständigen mit weniger digitalisierten Unternehmungen. Dies gilt allerdings nur dann, wenn die Selbstständigen bereits vor der Krise mit den Digitalisierungsprozessen begonnen haben. Die Ergebnisse machen damit wichtige Zusammenhänge zwischen staatlichen Förderprogrammen und dem Digitalisierungsgrad von Unternehmungen deutlich. Die Studie hilft somit der Politik, die Wirkung krisenbezogener Politikinstrumente zu verbessern. Dazu gehören nicht nur kurzfristige Politikinstrumente wie die Soforthilfe, sondern auch Instrumente, die die Digitalisierung unternehmerischer Tätigkeit langfristig erleichtern.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 44, S. 567-574
An Excursion-Set Model for the Structure of GMCs and the ISM
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ISM is governed by supersonic turbulence on a range of scales. We use this to develop a rigorous excursion-set model for the formation and time evolution of dense gas structures (GMCs, massive clumps, and cores). Supersonic turbulence drives the density distribution to a lognormal with dispersion increasing with Mach number; we generalize this to include scales >h (the disk scale height), and use it to construct the statistical properties of the density field smoothed on a scale R. We then compare conditions for self-gravitating collapse including thermal, turbulent, and rotational support. We show this becomes a well-defined barrier crossing problem. As such, an exact 'bound object mass function' can be derived, from scales of the sonic length to above the disk Jeans mass. This agrees remarkably well with observed GMC mass functions in the MW and other galaxies; the only inputs are the mass and size of the galaxies (to normalize the model). This explains the mass function cutoff and its power-law slope (close to, but shallower than, -2). The model also predicts the linewidth-size and size-mass relations of clouds and the dependence of their residuals on surface density/pressure. We use this to predict the spatial correlation function/clustering of clouds and star clusters; these also agree well with observations. We predict the size/mass function of ISM 'bubbles' or 'holes', and show this can account for observed HI hole distributions without any local feedback. We generalize the model to construct time-dependent 'merger/fragmentation trees' which can be used to follow cloud evolution and construct semi-analytic models for the ISM. We provide explicit recipes to construct the trees. We use a simple example to show that, if clouds are not destroyed in ~1-5 crossing times, then all ISM mass would be trapped in collapsing objects even if the large-scale turbulence were maintained.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures, accepted to MNRAS (revised to match accepted version; predictions for high-redshift galaxies added)
title: Diagnostic importance of axial lumbar loading magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected lumbar spinal canal stenosis
Creators: name: Sasani, Hadi
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Equipment
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology spine

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is the narrowing of the central vertebral canal that compresses spinal nerves in the dural sac. Lumbar spinal canal stenosis may cause a degree of neurogenic claudication. Supine magnetic resonance imaging...
title: Importance of spiral ct scanning in the diagnosis of lung tuberculosis in children
Creators: name: Mojsilovik, Dino
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Infection
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: CT
subject: Thorax
subject: Paediatric
subject: Lung

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: With spiral CT we diagnosed several cases of severe forms of lung...
Radiative corrections to anti-neutrino proton scattering at low energies
Creators: name: Raha, U.
name: Myhrer, F.
name: Kubodera, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For the low-energy anti-neutrino reaction, $\barν_e + p \to e^+ + n$, which is of great current interest in connection with on-going high-precision neutrino-oscillation experiments, we calculate the differential cross section in a model-independent effective field theory (EFT), taking into account radiative corrections of order $α$. In EFT, the short-distance radiative corrections are subsumed into well-defined low-energy constants the values of which can in principle be determined from the available neutron beta-decay data. In our low-energy EFT, the order-$α$ radiative corrections are considered to be of the same order as the nucleon recoil corrections, which include the "weak magnetism" contribution. These recoil corrections have been evaluated as well. We emphasize that EFT allows for a systematic evaluation of higher order corrections, providing estimates of theoretical uncertainties in our results.
description: Text, especially regrading the 1/m_N corrections, has been augmented following comments by the referee. 14 pages, 1 figure. To be published in Phys. Rev C
title: Key diagnostic features of atypical spinal epidural lesions.
Creators: name: Acosta Rojas, Angel
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pathology
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Education and training
subject: Surgery
subject: Radiation therapy / Oncology
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Neuroradiology spine
subject: Management

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Benign or malignant spinal epidural lesions are a rare pathology and represent in some cases a serious diagnostic challenge because the radiological characteristics can vary within the same pathology. A clear radiological differentiation is...
title: Wichtig ist es, energetische Sanierungen und Heizungswechsel voranzubringen: Interview
Creators: name: Schütze, Franziska
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2022

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 89 (2022), 43, S. 562
Hotel and Restaurant Meat Purveyors: Improved Methods and Facilities for Custom Service Houses
Creators: name: Brasington, Clayton F.
name: Brasington, Clayton F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1966
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Excerpts from the report: One of the newer members of the meat industry is the wholesale meat purveyor that provides ready-to-cook meat cuts to hotel dining rooms, restaurants, hospitals, schools, and other establishments that serve meals. Hotel and restaurant meat purveyors have had a spectacular growth within the past several decades, both in number of houses and in volume of meat handled. The number of houses in 1964 was estimated as 1,000, an increase of about 70 percent since World War II. These houses now account for over two-thirds of the total volume of meat and meat products sold to the food service industry. This report covers hotel and restaurant meat purveyors that prepare roasts, steaks, and other meat cuts, on a custom service basis; such houses deal primarily in fresh meat. They prepare (fabricate) meat ready for cooking according to customer specifications, and deliver orders usually the same day, often within a few hours after the order is placed. It is estimated that approximately two-thirds of the hotel and restaurant meat purveyors operate primarily as custom service houses. Other hotel and restaurant meat purveyors fabricate meat, freeze it, and deliver to customers from inventory; this type of meat purveyor was not included in this study.
A Flavor Sector for the Composite Higgs
Creators: name: Vecchi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss flavor violation in large N Composite Higgs models. We focus on scenarios in which the masses of the standard model fermions are controlled by hierarchical mixing parameters, as in models of Partial Compositeness. We argue that a separation of scales between flavor and Higgs dynamics can be employed to parametrically suppress dipole and penguin operators, and thus effectively remove the experimental constraints arising from the lepton sector and the neutron EDM. The dominant source of flavor violation beyond the standard model is therefore controlled by 4-fermion operators, whose Wilson coefficients can be made compatible with data provided the Higgs dynamics approaches a "walking" regime in the IR. Models consistent with all flavor and electroweak data can be obtained with a new physics scale within the reach of the LHC. Explicit scenarios may be realized in a 5D framework, the new key ingredient being the introduction of flavor branes where the wave functions of the bulk fermions end.
description: 8 pages revtex4-1 class. Version 2: references added. Version 3: minor corrections
title: Role of Artificial Intelligence in identifying intracranial haemorrhage as an alert system for radiologist
Creators: name: Sikka, Neena
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Comparative studies
subject: CT
subject: CNS
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is a commonly encountered imaging entity. [1] Early diagnosis is critical in ICH as approximately half of the patient deaths from ICH occur within the first twenty four hours. Currently, non-contrast Computerized...
Additional file 3 of The benefits and risks of pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy in small-cell lung cancer: a single-arm meta-analysis of noncomparative clinical studies and randomized control trials
Creators: name: Liu, Qiangyun
name: Zhang, Yixuan
name: Liu, Miaowen
name: Xu, Ruoxin
name: Yi, Fengming
name: Wei, Yiping
name: Zhu, Shuqiang
name: Zhang, Wenxiong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. PRISMA 2009 Checklist.
Hoeffding's inequality for supermartingales
Creators: name: Fan, Xiequan
name: Grama, Ion
name: Liu, Quansheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G42, 60G40, 60F10 (Primary) 60E15, 60G50 (Secondary)

description: We give an extension of Hoeffding's inequality to the case of supermartingales with differences bounded from above. Our inequality strengthens or extends the inequalities of Freedman, Bernstein, Prohorov, Bennett and Nagaev.
description: 20 pages, accepted; Stochastic Processes and their Applications (2012), Vol. 122, pages 3545-3559
title: Determining acquisition parameters based on pre-determined image quality levels for paediatric pelvis radiography using manual exposure
Creators: name: England, Andrew
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dosimetric comparison
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Pelvis
subject: Paediatric

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Optimisation in paediatric radiography is more challenging than for adults, where dose evaluations are commonly related to a patient population which have more consistent size and weight profiles. In paediatrics, the optimum exposure factors differ...
Historic Resources Survey: Plum Island, New York: Volume 3/Appendix B
Creators: name: Hefner, Robert
name: Hefner, Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Architectural & site components
Architectural drawings
Structural drawings
Structures
Buildings
Historic sites
Plum Island

description: This is historic Resources Survey of Plum Island, New York, Volume 3, Appendix B, prepared by Robert Hefner for United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Plum Island Animal Disease Center Plum Island, New York. This report was conducted in June 1998 and includes resources associated with Fort Terry Batteries and submarine mining facilities.