Polyergus nigerrimus
Creators: name: Trager, James C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Formicidae
Polyergus
Polyergus nigerrimus

description: Polyergus nigerrimus
Figures 24, 25, 26
Polyergus nigerrimus Marikovsky 1963: 110. Syntype workers, gyne, male: RUSSIAN FEDERATION, TUVA, Kyzyl [ZIN] (not examined), [CAS; additional specimens from the original nest series, 7 workers, gyne, male] (examined). Kupyanskaya 1990: 208 (records from southern Russia, worker illustrated).
Syntypes (N=7) [CASENT, as above] HL 1.32–1.44 (1.40), HW 1.24–1.36 (1.32), SL 1.00–1.06 (1.03), ½ VeM 1– 9 (4.71), ½ PnM 5–7 (6.29), WL 2.12–2.20 (2.17), GL 1.76–2.00 (1.93), HFL 1.60–1.68 (1.64), CI 94–96 (94.4), SI 74–81 (79), HFI 119–130 (125), FSI 157–160 (159), LI 3.48–3.60 (3.56), TL 5.24–5.60 (5.49).
Worker description. Smallish, TL averaging 5.5mm; blackish, weakly shining species of the Asian steppes. Head rounded hexagonal (truncate-ovate), its length detectably greater than breadth; with conspicuous vertex pilosity; scapes not reaching vertex, notably clavate in the apical third; pronotum with 10–14 dorsal erect setae; mesonotum with profile flat or very weakly convex for most of its length, with a short posterior declivity; propodeal profile subquadrate, taller than pronotum, with concave declivity profile; petiole with sides round, converging dorsad, petiolar dorsum emarginate; first tergite densely pubescent, with pilosity in 3 or 4 irregular transverse rows, first tergite pilosity gently curved, longer than the distance separating the individual setae.
Head weakly shining; mesonotum weakly shining dorsally, a bit smoother laterally; gaster weakly shining to matte dorsally, somewhat shiny laterally.
Color black to nearly black; legs and scapes dark brown; pilosity gray-brown.
Discussion. This species might be confused only with samurai, a more eastern, larger, more gracile, and more matte species. Polyergus samurai is more brown than black, and has more yellowish, rather than brown pilosity. Gynes and males of nigerrimus are black, somewhat shiny, smaller than gynes and males of samurai, with dark brown appendages; wings of both gynes and males have brown veins, and are medially infuscated (wings of samurai pale yellow to whitish throughout, with pale veins).
In this study, 7 W, 1 Q, 1 M from Marikovsky’s original collection, and images of workers from Mongolia (at www.antbase.net), were seen. The former were in the private collection of Alfred Buschinger, and are now housed at CAS. Little notable variation was observed in this small series. The characteristics of this species as described by Kupyanskaya (1990) from a wider geographic area confirm the impression of relative uniformity in metric and ecological characteristics. However, Kupyanksaya’s drawing of a nigerrimus worker shows abundant pilosity arising from the malar region, quite unlike the pilosity pattern of any Polyergus specimens I have studied, and the significance of this is not clear.
Etymology. This name is from the Latin superlative adjective “ nigerrimus ”, meaning very black or blackest. A hand written label accompanying the series reads “nigricans”, meaning blackish, but this name never reached publication.
Natural history. This ant is found in the shrub steppe lands of Mongolia and adjacent southern Russian Federation, and also might be sought in ecologically similar adjacent parts of northwestern China and perhaps Kazakhstan.
Marikovsky studied P. nigerrimus in the summer of 1960. In his description, Marikovsky (1963) noted that the specimens were taken with abundant host workers of F. candida in shrub steppe near the Yenisei River. Marikovsky reported a diffuse nest, with 7 entrances over a 10m 2 area, but only the central one had a welldeveloped infrastructure and large population, including alates of both sexes, and an ergatoid. He described a raid involving about 400 nigerrimus workers, in the “evening when the sun was setting down” and ending during “falling darkness”. Despite attempts by the F. candida to bite the raiders and to wrest their pupal quarry from them, the nigerrimus simply pushed on home without attacking any of the defending Formica workers. Returning nigerrimus workers initially placed the stolen pupae in two of the peripheral nests, but later transferred the pupae to the main nest about 0.5m away.
I updated the identification of the host with Marikovsy’s sample as F. candida, using Seifert’s (2004) key. Marikovsky had identified them as F. gagates, and Kupyanska (1990) mentions F. picea as the host, also a species previously confused with F. candida. Kupyanskaya calls this an ant of the steppe, and Antonov (2008) also reports habitat of this ant as the steppe. Its host, by implication, in the Antonov study is F. candida (the only abundant potential host at the location). Antonov comments that nigerrimus “is extremely rare in natural habitats,” but this may be an artifact of collecting intensity. The F. kozlovi host record is from a collection made by Martin Pfeiffer in Mongolia (also note Pfeiffer’s images of nigerrimus at http://antbase.net/htdocs/formicinae/ polyergus / polyergus _ nigerrimus _marikovsky,_1963.html). Dubatalov (1998) also reports this ant from Mongolia.
Distribution from literature references for Polyergus nigerrimus. The type locality is RUSSIAN FEDERATION, TUVA, Kyzyl, (Marikovsky, 1963); also known from RUSSIAN FEDERATION, PRIMORSKIY KRAI, Primorye, 6km E Hasan & Haborovskiy Krai, Novokalachinsk; (Kupyanskaya, 1990); BURIYATIA, Kyakhta (Kupyanskaya, 1990), BURIYATIA, Gusinoozyorsk (Antonov 2008); MONGOLIA TOV Zorgol Mountain N 47o10.203’ E 106o04.446’ (M. Pfeiffer, antbase.net [antbase.net no. 0031]); MONGOLIA AIMAK, 8 km S Ereentsay (Dubatalov, teste Kupyanskaya, 1990). None of these samples were examined in this study.
description: Published as part of Trager, James C., 2013, Global revision of the dulotic ant genus Polyergus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae, Formicinae, Formicini), pp. 501-548 in Zootaxa 3722 (4) on pages 523-524, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3722.4.5, http://zenodo.org/record/249140