cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of land use and habitat fragmentation on local biodiversity
Creators: name: Phillips, Helen Rachel Patricia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Land use change is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Land-use change often results in fragmentation of the landscape, yet this aspect is rarely taken into account in models of how land use affects biodiversity. Additionally, previous biodiversity models have been restricted to large spatial scales, which may not be applicable for conservation practitioners. In this thesis I analyse datasets collated from multiple published studies of how local terrestrial biodiversity responds to human impacts. I start Chapter 2) by modelling how land use, specifically secondary vegetation and plantation forests, impacts tropical biodiversity. My results show that the biodiversity in each continent does respond differently to land use, an aspect that previous studies have not investigated. This difference is most likely due to the nature of the land use being different in each continent. In this first analysis, as is often the case, drivers of biodiversity change were focused on site-level environment, such as land use. Therefore, in Chapter 3 I investigate how the area of habitat surrounding a sampled area might influence the number and abundance of species within the sample. Theory suggests that within-sample species richness would increase with fragment area with an exponent between 0.07 and 0.20, which was found to be the case. Chapter 4 builds on the previous chapters in two ways. Firstly, it applies the previously used methods to create a biodiversity model of habitat change for a smaller area to inform decision making. Secondly, it specifically takes into account how local biodiversity responds to changes in fragment area. I estimated that the planned changes to the small urban area would result in a gain in overall biodiversity, most likely due to an increase is size and number of high diversity habitats. To consider these results at a landscape scale, my final chapter (Chapter 5) investigates how the wider context around a sampled site influences local biodiversity. By studying the impact on biodiversity across this range of spatial scales, I can ascertain the importance of taking these variables into account and determine the implications of my results for previous models of biodiversity. I found that landscape fragmentation, as well as local land use, was a necessary component of models of local biodiversity, and its inclusion greatly improved previous biodiversity models.
Object Detection and Classification in Occupancy Grid Maps using Deep Convolutional Networks
Creators: name: Wirges, Sascha
name: Fischer, Tom
name: Frias, Jesus Balado
name: Stiller, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A detailed environment perception is a crucial component of automated vehicles. However, to deal with the amount of perceived information, we also require segmentation strategies. Based on a grid map environment representation, well-suited for sensor fusion, free-space estimation and machine learning, we detect and classify objects using deep convolutional neural networks. As input for our networks we use a multi-layer grid map efficiently encoding 3D range sensor information. The inference output consists of a list of rotated bounding boxes with associated semantic classes. We conduct extensive ablation studies, highlight important design considerations when using grid maps and evaluate our models on the KITTI Bird's Eye View benchmark. Qualitative and quantitative benchmark results show that we achieve robust detection and state of the art accuracy solely using top-view grid maps from range sensor data.
description: 6 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures
Atomic layer deposition of alumina and zinc oxide for optoelectronic devices
Creators: name: Burgess, Claire Hannah
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) uses surface reactions of gaseous precursors to grow thin films of materials. Exceptional uniformity and thickness control is possible due to the separation of the different precursors, allowing each to undergo reactions with substrate surface groups until, on chemisorption of a complete monolayer, self-termination occurs. Purging after the precursor release removes by-products and remaining precursor, ensuring that the material growth proceeds layer-by-layer. These and other benefits such as relatively low deposition temperatures, and the ability to coat large areas and complex 3D surfaces, have led to ALD being a key and increasingly popular technique in research and industry. One area of application of ALD is in optoelectronics; this thesis describes the design and construction of an ALD system for research into optoelectronics, including thin film transistors, solar cells and photoelectrodes. A conventional, thermal ALD system was custom-built, and the deposition of Al2O3, ZnO and Al doped ZnO (AZO) using trimethyl aluminium, diethyl zinc and H2O was characterised through techniques including X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy, cross-sectional TEM, resistivity and Hall measurements. The growth per cycle and the properties of the materials were consistent with literature values, confirming self-saturating ALD was achieved. The conductivity of ZnO was seen to increase with temperature and doping, and the ZnO (wurtzite crystal structure) out-of-plane preferential orientation became increasingly [100] at lower temperature and with higher Al content. Reducing purge times below 10 s resulted in a slight increase in ZnO film thickness due to a chemical vapour deposition contribution to growth, but the more significant effect was a reduction in mobility and carrier concentration, and a higher hysteresis when the ZnO was employed as a thin film transistor channel layer. The crystal orientation of ALD ZnO deposited at 100 °C was investigated on different substrates such as amorphous quartz, polycrystalline ITO and single crystal sapphire. A method of using multilayers of [100] oriented AZO, ultrathin Al2O3 (<20 ALD cycles) and ZnO was developed as an alternative way to control the ZnO orientation whilst ensuring compatibility with devices. A dependency on ZnO crystal orientation was seen for CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite degradation rate when CH3NH3PbI3 was deposited on top of an ALD ZnO layer. The stability of CH3NH3PbI3 was studied by temperature controlled XRD and film colour change; Al doping of ZnO reduced degradation rates. High aspect ratio track-etched membranes were coated by ALD to produce nanotubes, and Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticle films were coated with Al2O3 layers which increased stability as a photocathode. The ALD system built and the principles explored for tuning material properties presented in this thesis can be used to further optimise optoelectronic devices in the future.
Was GRB~980329 at z ~ 5?
Creators: name: Fruchter, Andrew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical transient (OT) associated with GRB~980329 was remarkably red. It has previously been concluded that this was the result of dust extinction in the host galaxy. However, an extinction model can only agree with the data if the $I$ band observations taken about 0.8 days after outburst are discounted; the flux density ratio between the $I$ and the $R$ of a factor $\sim 7$ is too great to be explained by extinction, given the relatively blue $K-I$ color. Here it is shown that the {\it entire} observed optical/infrared spectrum is consistent with that which is expected from an unextincted OT at $z \sim 5$. At this redshift, the light in the observer's $R$ band is strongly suppressed by absorption in the Ly$α$ forest -- an effect which has been clearly seen in galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field. In spite of its potentially high redshift, GRB~980329 was an unusually bright burst. If GRB 980329 was indeed at $z \sim 5$, and its gamma-rays were radiated isotropically, the implied energy of the burst would be $ 5 \times 10^{54}$~ergs. Should GRB~980329 have a host galaxy, deep imaging could confirm or reject the conclusion that this burst was at $z \sim 5$.
description: Accepted by the Astophysical Journal (Letters). Ten pages. One encapsulated figure. Replaced with accepted version. Wording of conclusion mildly altered from previous version
Multi-Class Cost-Constrained Random Coding for Correlated Sources over the Multiple-Access Channel.
Creators: name: Rezazadeh, Arezou
name: Font-Segura, Josep
name: Martinez, Alfonso
name: Guillén I Fàbregas, Albert
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Multiple Access Channel
Correlated Sources
Random Coding
Error Exponents

description: This paper studies a generalized version of multi-class cost-constrained random-coding ensemble with multiple auxiliary costs for the transmission of N correlated sources over an N-user multiple-access channel. For each user, the set of messages is partitioned into classes and codebooks are generated according to a distribution depending on the class index of the source message and under the constraint that the codewords satisfy a set of cost functions. Proper choices of the cost functions recover different coding schemes including message-dependent and message-independent versions of independent and identically distributed, independent conditionally distributed, constant-composition and conditional constant composition ensembles. The transmissibility region of the scheme is related to the Cover-El Gamal-Salehi region. A related family of correlated-source Gallager source exponent functions is also studied. The achievable exponents are compared for correlated and independent sources, both numerically and analytically.
title: AN, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000645
Creators: name: Claustre, Julie
name: Nationales, Archives
name: ArchivesNationales/J.CLAUSTRE/H.REGAZZI/2020
name: Archives Nationales
name: Claustre, Julie
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Châtelet
subject: registre

description: Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Archives Nationales, Y5266. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Bibliographic citation: Archives Nationales, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000645
SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape.
Creators: name: Harvey, William T
name: Carabelli, Alessandro M
name: Jackson, Ben
name: Gupta, Ravindra K
name: Thomson, Emma C
name: Harrison, Ewan M
name: Ludden, Catherine
name: Reeve, Richard
name: Rambaut, Andrew
name: Peacock, Sharon J
name: Robertson, David L
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Humans
Amino Acids
Epitopes
Antigenic Variation
Protein Conformation
Mutation
Immune Evasion
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Vaccines

description: Although most mutations in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome are expected to be either deleterious and swiftly purged or relatively neutral, a small proportion will affect functional properties and may alter infectivity, disease severity or interactions with host immunity. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in late 2019 was followed by a period of relative evolutionary stasis lasting about 11 months. Since late 2020, however, SARS-CoV-2 evolution has been characterized by the emergence of sets of mutations, in the context of 'variants of concern', that impact virus characteristics, including transmissibility and antigenicity, probably in response to the changing immune profile of the human population. There is emerging evidence of reduced neutralization of some SARS-CoV-2 variants by postvaccination serum; however, a greater understanding of correlates of protection is required to evaluate how this may impact vaccine effectiveness. Nonetheless, manufacturers are preparing platforms for a possible update of vaccine sequences, and it is crucial that surveillance of genetic and antigenic changes in the global virus population is done alongside experiments to elucidate the phenotypic impacts of mutations. In this Review, we summarize the literature on mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the primary antigen, focusing on their impacts on antigenicity and contextualizing them in the protein structure, and discuss them in the context of observed mutation frequencies in global sequence datasets.
Additional file 2: of Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review
Creators: name: OâRourke, Hannah
name: Collins, Laura
name: Sidani, Souraya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Study details. Provides detailed information of each study including: design, context (i.e., target population, country, culture, setting), and sample characteristics (i.e., sample size, age, gender, cognitive impairment level, and marital status). (DOCX 46 kb)
Perspective taking in robots: A framework and computational model
Creators: name: Fischer, Tobias
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Humans are inherently social beings that benefit from their perceptional capability to embody another point of view. This thesis examines this capability, termed perspective taking, using a mixed forward/reverse engineering approach. While previous approaches were limited to known, artificial environments, the proposed approach results in a perceptional framework that can be used in unconstrained environments while at the same time detailing the mechanisms that humans use to infer the world's characteristics from another viewpoint. First, the thesis explores a forward engineering approach by outlining the required perceptional components and implementing these components on a humanoid iCub robot. Prior to and during the perspective taking, the iCub learns the environment and recognizes its constituent objects before approximating the gaze of surrounding humans based on their head poses. Inspired by psychological studies, two separate mechanisms for the two types of perspective taking are employed, one based on line-of-sight tracing and another based on the mental rotation of the environment. Acknowledging that human head pose is only a rough indication of a human's viewpoint, the thesis introduces a novel, automated approach for ground truth eye gaze annotation. This approach is used to collect a new dataset, which covers a wide range of camera-subject distances, head poses, and gazes. A novel gaze estimation method trained on this dataset outperforms previous methods in close distance scenarios, while going beyond previous methods and also allowing eye gaze estimation in large camera-subject distances that are commonly encountered in human-robot interactions. Finally, the thesis proposes a computational model as an instantiation of a reverse engineering approach, with the aim of understanding the underlying mechanisms of perspective taking in humans. The model contains a set of forward models as building blocks, and an attentional component to reduce the model's response times. The model is crucial in explaining human data in congruency matching experiments and suggests that humans implement a similar attentional mechanism. Several testable predictions are put forward, including the prediction that forced early responses lead to an egocentric bias. Experimental results on the computational formalization of perspective taking also open up future possibilities of exploring links to other perceptional and cognitive mechanisms, such as active vision and autobiographical memories.
Photofluid Instabilities of Hot Stellar Envelopes
Creators: name: Spiegel, Edward A.
name: Tao, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beginning from a relatively simple set of dynamical equations for a fluid permeated by a radiative field strong enough to produce significant forces, we find the structure of plane-parallel equilibria and study their stability to small acoustic disturbances. In doing this, we neglect viscous effects and complications of nongreyness. We find that acoutic instabilities occur over a wide range of conditions below the Eddington limit. This result is in line with findings reported twenty years ago but it contradicts some more recent reports of the absence of instabilities. We briefly attempt to identify the causes of the discrepancies and then close with a discussion of the possible astrophysical interest of such instabilities.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX, 5 postscript figures, to be published in Physics Reports
A clinical investigation of chronic pain in subjects with HIV-associated sensory neuropathy
Creators: name: Kemp, Harriet
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: HIV-associated sensory neuropathy (HIV-SN) is a debilitating complication of HIV infection and its treatment. However, no commercially available pharmacotherapy has demonstrated consistent efficacy at clinical trial. This study aims to identify strategies to improve clinical trial design in HIV-SN by deeply phenotyping a cohort of people living with HIV, and through a meta-analysis of the placebo response in HIV-SN trials. 148 subjects were recruited, including 81 with HIV-SN. Age was the only independent predictor of neuropathy in this cohort. The prevalence of multiple chronic pain diagnoses was high, especially in those with HIV-SN (82.5% versus 61.2%, p=0.0008). This indicates that careful characterisation of painful conditions at trial entry is required to identify efficacy of the intervention with respect to HIV-SN-related symptoms specifically. Subjects showed heterogeneity of symptoms and signs, determined by symptom-based questionnaires and quantitative sensory testing, and could be allocated to distinct ‘sensory profiles’. Those with HIV-SN displayed predominantly ‘mechanical hyperalgesia’ (43.2%) and ‘sensory loss’ (30.3%) profiles. Similar profiling at clinical trial enrolment could allow for the identification of differential responses to therapy at a sub-group level. A preliminary healthy volunteer study allowed for assessment of reliability and measurement error in conditioned pain modulation (CPM). There was no difference in CPM response between those with and without neuropathy, but the response was heterogeneous. CPM may not yet be robust enough to recommend as a profiling measure in trials of HIV-SN. Corneal confocal microscopy and a point-of-care nerve conduction device were assessed for their effectiveness as tools for screening and monitoring HIV-SN. Both were shown to be useful and have the potential to increase the certainty of a diagnosis of neuropathic pain at trial enrolment. A 2012 meta-analysis identified a greater placebo response in trials of HIV-SN compared to other neuropathic pain conditions. Repeat meta-analysis identified no difference in placebo response between HIV-SN and a comparable sensory neuropathy, diabetic polyneuropathy.
Additional file 1: of Interventions to address social connectedness and loneliness for older adults: a scoping review
Creators: name: OâRourke, Hannah
name: Collins, Laura
name: Sidani, Souraya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Data-base specific search strategies. Provides the full search strategy for each database. (DOCX 18 kb)
Rallus carolinus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Gruiformes
Rallidae
Rallus
Rallus carolinus

description: Rallus carolinus [spec. nov.]
R. grisea, fronte nigra, pectore plumbeo, rostro flavo, pedibus virescentibus.
Gallinula minor canadensis. Edw. av. 144. t. 144. Catesb. car. 1. p. 70. t. 70.
Habitat in America septentrionali.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 153-154, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Additional file 2: of How do patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) support clinician-patient communication and patient care? A realist synthesis
Creators: name: Greenhalgh, Joanne
name: Gooding, Kate
name: Gibbons, Elizabeth
name: Dalkin, Sonia
name: Wright, Judy
name: Valderas, Jose
name: Black, Nick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Inclusion and exclusion criteria. (DOCX 12 kb)
Design of porous boron nitride materials for applications in adsorption
Creators: name: Marchesini, Sofia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Porous boron nitride (BN) recently emerged as a new class of adsorbent material with bond polarity and unprecedented high thermal and oxidative stabilities. These properties make BN an attractive adsorbent for use in a wide range of adsorption applications, especially those operating under extreme conditions. Yet, the number of studies on this fascinating material remain limited and its structure and chemistry still vastly unknown. A full understanding of its formation mechanisms, as well as control of its pore structure and chemistry, are necessary to exploit its full potential. This thesis presents an in-depth investigation of the effects of synthesis conditions on the formation of porous BN and a detailed characterisation of the material. A novel synthesis method was developed for producing high surface area (>1900 m2/g) porous BN with tuneable micro- and mesoporosity, without the use of templates, presenting opportunity for scalability. The shaping of porous BN powders into industrially relevant pellet morphologies was achieved with no significant detriment to the desirable textural properties of the material. A way to reduce the hydrolytic instability of porous BN is elucidated and samples with significantly higher water tolerance were produced. Finally, porous BN materials with various pore structures and chemistries were tested for a range of adsorption applications in gas, liquid and vapour phase, identifying adsorption mechanisms and outlining potential ways to improve adsorption performance. Overall, this thesis opens the door to the design and improvement of porous BN, establishing it as a promising adsorbent material.
The Positive Relationship between Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Content Is Not Mediated by Free Leptin Index in Prepubertal Children: The PANIC Study.
Creators: name: Constable, Annie M
name: Porter, Josie E
name: Benger, Danielle
name: Vlachopoulos, Dimitris
name: Barker, Alan R
name: Moore, Sarah A
name: Soininen, Sonja
name: Haapala, Eero A
name: Westgate, Kate
name: Brage, Soren
name: Agostinete, Ricardo R
name: Fernandes, Romulo A
name: Lakka, Timo A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Growth
Bone mass
Childhood
Dxa
Accelerometery
Free Leptin Index
Prepubertal Age
Humans
Leptin
Absorptiometry, Photon
Exercise
Cross-Sectional Studies
Bone Density
Child
Female
Male

description: PurposeModerate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) positively influences bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal children, but it is unknown whether this relationship is partially mediated by free leptin index. The aim of this study was to examine whether the relationship between MVPA and total body less head (TBLH) BMC is mediated or moderated by free leptin index in prepubertal children.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional analysis on 401 children (194 girls) from baseline examinations of the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Childhood Study. We applied the four-way decomposition mediation analysis method to assess whether free leptin index, measured from fasted blood samples, mediated the relationship between accelerometer-measured MVPA and TBLH BMC measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsMVPA had a positive controlled direct effect on TBLH BMC in girls and boys (β = 0.010 to 0.011, p < 0.05). There was no mediation or interaction between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC in girls or boys (β = -0.000 to 0.001, p > 0.05).ConclusionOur study indicates that MVPA positively influences TBLH BMC through pathways not related to free leptin index in predominantly normal-weight prepubertal children, likely primarily through mechanical loading. The relationships between MVPA, free leptin index and TBLH BMC may be influenced by other factors such as pubertal status and adiposity, so it is unknown whether these observations extend to overweight and obese children at different stages of puberty.
White Dwarfs as Dark Matter Detectors
Creators: name: Graham, Peter
name: Janish, Ryan
name: Narayan, Vijay
name: Rajendran, Surjeet
name: Riggins, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter that is capable of sufficiently heating a local region in a white dwarf will trigger runaway fusion and ignite a type Ia supernova. This was originally proposed in Graham et al. (2015) and used to constrain primordial black holes which transit and heat a white dwarf via dynamical friction. In this paper, we consider dark matter (DM) candidates that heat through the production of high-energy standard model (SM) particles, and show that such particles will efficiently thermalize the white dwarf medium and ignite supernovae. Based on the existence of long-lived white dwarfs and the observed supernovae rate, we derive new constraints on ultra-heavy DM which produce SM particles through DM-DM annihilations, DM decays, and DM-SM scattering interactions in the stellar medium. As a concrete example, we rule out supersymmetric Q-ball DM in parameter space complementary to terrestrial bounds. We put further constraints on DM that is captured by white dwarfs, considering the formation and self-gravitational collapse of a DM core which heats the star via decays and annihilations within the core. It is also intriguing that the DM-induced ignition discussed in this work provide an alternative mechanism of triggering supernovae from sub-Chandrasekhar, non-binary progenitors.
description: references added and minor typos fixed. match to published version in PRD
Physical Origin, Evolution and Observational Signature of Diffused Antiworld
Creators: name: Khlopov, M. Yu.
name: Konoplich, R. V.
name: Mignani, R.
name: Rubin, S. G.
name: Sakharov, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of macroscopic regions with antibaryon excess in the baryon asymmetric Universe with general baryon excess is the possible consequence of practically all models of baryosynthesis. Diffusion of matter and antimatter to the border of antimatter domains defines the minimal scale of the antimatter domains surviving to the present time. A model of diffused antiworld is considered, in which the density within the surviving antimatter domains is too low to form gravitationally bound objects. The possibility to test this model by measurements of cosmic gamma ray fluxes is discussed. The expected gamma ray flux is found to be acceptable for modern cosmic gamma ray detectors and for those planned for the near future.
description: 9 pages
Psophia Linnaeus, 1758, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Gruiformes
Psophiidae
Psophia

description: Psophia [gen. nov.]
Rostrum cylindrico-conicum, convexum, acutiusculum, mandibula superiore longiore.
Nares ovatae patulae.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 154, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
New methodologies for increasing the sustainable performance of 4rban water systems in developing countries
Creators: name: Muniina, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: The study presented in this thesis places its focus on urban water systems of the developing world, which are defned in terms of their component subsystems (the water supply subsystem, the stormwater subsystem, and the sanitation subsystem). These urban water systems experience poor sustainable performance across their sanitation subsystems, across their stormwater subsystems lead to the pollution of their receiving water bodies. In these systems, there is an interaction between the constituent urban water subsystems, which drives the overall sustainable performance of the urban water system. The main objective of this study therefore is to generate insights into urban water management of urban water systems of the developing world by generating methods, methodologies and revelations to into their sustainable performance. The study started by introducing methods and methodologies to utilize the limited readily available data of these systems to model their water end-use behaviour, to model their integrated behaviour, and also to simulate their integrated assessment when applied with numerous individually - applied urban water interventions. The study generated a novel methodology for evaluating the water end-use volumes of a developing world urban community, a novel methodology for the integrated modelling of the hydrology of water, stormwater and wastewater ﬂow, and fnally a methodology for the integrated assessment of the sustainable performance of urban water systems. Utilising these methodologies, this study showed that of all the individually-applied 28 urban water interventions, none of them provided a signifcant positive sustainable performance across all the three urban water subsystems. In conclusion, it was recommended that to generate an all-round sustainable performance of these urban water systems, the option of ‘multiple interventions in combination’ should be given consideration. It was further concluded that the use of ’multiple interventions’, not only improved the number of available urban water management options but also generated a higher overall sustainable performance than individually - applied interventions.
Dynamic nowcast of the New Zealand greenhouse gas inventory
Creators: name: Jones, Malcolm
name: Chorley, Hannah
name: Owen, Flynn
name: Hilder, Tamsyn
name: Trowland, Holly
name: Bracewell, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change grow, reliable and thorough reporting of greenhouse gas emissions are essential for measuring progress towards international and domestic emissions reductions targets. New Zealand's national emissions inventories are currently reported between 15 to 27 months out-of-date. We present a machine learning approach to nowcast (dynamically estimate) national greenhouse gas emissions in New Zealand in advance of the national emissions inventory's release, with just a two month latency due to current data availability. Key findings include an estimated 0.2% decrease in national gross emissions since 2020 (as at July 2022). Our study highlights the predictive power of a dynamic view of emissions intensive activities. This methodology is a proof of concept that a machine learning approach can make sub-annual estimates of national greenhouse gas emissions by sector with a relatively low error that could be of value for policy makers.
Prepubertal Dietary and Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids Related to Puberty Timing: Longitudinal Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.
Creators: name: Cheng, Tuck Seng
name: Day, Felix R
name: Perry, John R B
name: Luan, Jian'an
name: Langenberg, Claudia
name: Forouhi, Nita G
name: Wareham, Nicholas J
name: Ong, Ken K
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Fatty acids
Prospective study
Alspac
Mendelian Randomization
Puberty Timing

description: Funder: NIHR Biomedical Research Centre Cambridge: Nutrition, Diet, and Lifestyle Research Theme; Grant(s): IS-BRC-1215-20014
description: Dietary intakes of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids (FAs) have been inconsistently associated with puberty timing. We examined longitudinal associations of prepubertal dietary and plasma phospholipid FAs with several puberty timing traits in boys and girls. In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, prepubertal fat intakes at 3-7.5 years and plasma phospholipid FAs at 7.5 years were measured. Timings of Tanner stage 2 genital or breast development and voice breaking or menarche from repeated reports at 8-17 years, and age at peak height velocity (PHV) from repeated height measurements at 5-20 years were estimated. In linear regression models with adjustment for maternal and infant characteristics, dietary substitution of polyunsaturated FAs for saturated FAs, and higher concentrations of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3n6) and palmitoleic acid (16:1n7) were associated with earlier timing of puberty traits in girls (n = 3872) but not boys (n = 3654). In Mendelian Randomization models, higher genetically predicted circulating dihomo-γ-linolenic acid was associated with earlier menarche in girls. Based on repeated dietary intake data, objectively measured FAs and genetic causal inference, these findings suggest that dietary and endogenous metabolic pathways that increase plasma dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, an intermediate metabolite of n-6 polyunsaturated FAs, may promote earlier puberty timing in girls.
The remnant radio galaxy associated with NGC 1534
Creators: name: Duchesne, Stefan W.
name: Johnston-Hollitt, Melanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new observations of the large-scale radio emission surrounding the lenticular galaxy NGC~1534 with the Australia Telescope Compact Array and Murchison Widefield Array. We find no significant compact emission from the nucleus of NGC 1534 to suggest an active core, and instead find low-power radio emission tracing its star-formation history with a radio-derived star-formation rate of $0.38\pm0.03$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. The spectral energy distribution of the extended emission is well-fit by a continuous injection model with an 'off' component, consistent with dead radio galaxies. We find the spectral age of the emission to be 203 Myr, having been active for 44 Myr. Polarimetric analysis points to both a large-scale magneto-ionic Galactic foreground at $+33$ rad m$^{-2}$ and a component associated with the northern lobe of the radio emission at $-153$ rad m$^{-2}$. The magnetic field of the northern lobe shows an unusual circular pattern of unknown origin. While such remnant sources are rare, combined low- and high-frequency radio surveys with high surface-brightness sensitivities are expected to greatly increase their numbers in the coming decade, and combined with new optical and infrared surveys should provide a wealth of information on the hosts of the emission.
description: 19 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in the Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia (PASA)
MOESM1 of Are the different layers of a social network conveying the same information?
Creators: name: Ajaykumar Manivannan
name: W. Yow
name: Bouffanais, Roland
name: Barrat, Alain
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supporting information: Tables and graphs. Comparison between term-aggregated networks; Homophily patterns in the yearly aggregated co-presence network; Evolution of homophily patterns in triads and social preference in the communication network; Summary tables of homophily patterns for triads and social preferences; Detailed tables of the numbers of concordant and discordant cases for each network pair. (PDF 2.6Â MB)
Representations, sheaves, and Legendrian $(2,m)$ torus links
Creators: name: Chantraine, Baptiste
name: Ng, Lenhard
name: Sivek, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R17, 53D42 (primary), 14F05, 53D37 (secondary)

description: We study an $A_\infty$ category associated to Legendrian links in $\mathbb{R}^3$ whose objects are $n$-dimensional representations of the Chekanov-Eliashberg differential graded algebra of the link. This representation category generalizes the positive augmentation category and we conjecture that it is equivalent to a category of sheaves of microlocal rank $n$ constructed by Shende, Treumann, and Zaslow. We establish the cohomological version of this conjecture for a family of Legendrian $(2,m)$ torus links.
description: v3: 50 pages, small changes, to appear in Journal of the London Mathematical Society
Properties of Galactic Outflows: Measurements of the Feedback from Star Formation
Creators: name: Martin, Crystal L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Properties of starburst-driven outflows in dwarf galaxies are compared to those in more massive galaxies. Over a factor of roughly 10 in galactic rotation speed, supershells are shown to lift warm ionized gas out of the disk at rates up to several times the star formation rate. The amount of mass escaping the galactic potential, in contrast to the disk, does depend on the galactic mass. The temperature of the hottest extended \x emission shows little variation around $\sim 10^{6.7}$ K, and this gas has enough energy to escape from the galaxies with rotation speed less than approximately 130 km/s.
description: 11 pages + 3 figues. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
How I Feel About My School-Adaptation and Validation of an Educational Well-Being Measure among Young Children in Sweden.
Creators: name: Riad, Rasmus
name: Allodi, Mara Westling
name: Siljehag, Eva
name: Wikman, Carina
name: Ford, Tamsin
name: Bölte, Sven
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Young Children
Well-being
Early Childhood Education
Child Self-report Measures
Humans
Psychometrics
Schools
Child
Child, Preschool
Educational Status
Sweden
United Kingdom

description: Funder: Department of Health
description: The well-being of children has received increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, we lack adequate brief self-report tools that enable us to consider young children's well-being in policy evaluations and educational research. This study describes the adaptation and first validation of the Swedish version of How I Feel About My School (HIFAMS), a subjective well-being questionnaire suitable for children aged 4 to 12 years, which was originally developed in the United Kingdom (UK). Descriptive statistics with analysis of psychometric properties and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are based on the perceived well-being of 228 children in preschool and school aged 5 to 8 years old. The CFA endorsed a good fit to a one-factor model, and the scale showed moderate internal consistency (rα = 0.63). The results are largely in line with the findings of the original HIFAMS. We conclude that the Swedish version can be applied in early preschool/school settings and could provide first-hand information about children's well-being from the first years of education until elementary school grades. Practitioners in early education settings might benefit from HIFAMS assessments when seeking to understand children's current well-being to provide support to children with special educational needs or children at risk for mental health issues. Researchers could use the HIFAMS to standardize child well-being evaluations in policy evaluations and interventional studies.
Exploring The View of Parents of Primary School Students on the Use Behavior of U-Learning in Thailand During COVID-19
Creators: name: Ghea RM Tenchavez
Publisher: name: Assumption University Press
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ubiquitous Learning
Technology Adoption
Behavioral Intention
Use Behavior
COVID-19

description: AU-GSB e-Journal, 17, 1, 96-106
Non-stationary localized oscillations of an infinite string, with time-varying tension, lying on the Winkler foundation with a point elastic inhomogeneity
Creators: name: Gavrilov, S. N.
name: Shishkina, E. V.
name: Mochalova, Yu. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider non-stationary oscillations of an infinite string with time-varying tension. The string lies on the Winkler foundation with a point inhomogeneity (a concentrated spring of negative stiffness). In such a system with constant parameters (the string tension), under certain conditions a trapped mode of oscillation exists and is unique. Therefore, applying a non-stationary external excitation to this system can lead to the emergence of the string oscillations localized near the inhomogeneity. We provide an analytical description of non-stationary localized oscillations of the string with slowly time-varying tension using the asymptotic procedure based on successive application of two asymptotic methods, namely the method of stationary phase and the method of multiple scales. The obtained analytical results were verified by independent numerical calculations based on the finite difference method. The applicability of the analytical formulas was demonstrated for various types of external excitation and laws governing the varying tension. In particular, we have shown that in the case when the trapped mode frequency approaches zero, localized low-frequency oscillations with increasing amplitude precede the localized string buckling. The dependence of the amplitude of such oscillations on its frequency is more complicated in comparison with the case of a one degree of freedom system with time-varying stiffness.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1: of First evidence of maternally inherited mosaicism in TGFBR1 and subtle primary myocardial changes in Loeys-Dietz syndrome: a case report
Creators: name: Baban, Anwar
name: Magliozzi, Monia
name: Loeys, Bart
name: Adorisio, Rachele
name: Alesi, Viola
name: Secinaro, Aurelio
name: Corica, Bernadette
name: Vricella, Luca
name: Dietz, Harry
name: Drago, Fabrizio
name: Novelli, Antonio
name: Amodeo, Antonio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1. Literature review of LDS patients showing systolic dysfunction and/or myocardial changes. (DOCX 15 kb)
Examining the effect of the environment on the creep and creep-fatigue properties of type 316H stainless steel
Creators: name: Nasser, Mustafa
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: The United Kingdom's advanced gas-cooled nuclear reactors (AGR) contain many 316H stainless steel components that operate within high temperature carbon dioxide gaseous environments. Recently, cracking has been discovered within some of these components which could not be predicted by current assessment methodologies. Further examination has shown that this premature cracking is due to the interaction between stainless steel and AGR gas environment, resulting in significant carburisation which, has not previously been considered as a potential degradation mechanism. Gaining an understanding of how carburisation affects mechanical properties (under high temperature creep and fatigue conditions in particular) is essential, as it underpins the ability to accurately conduct component lifetime assessment. This is vital to substantiate a nuclear safety case and therefore this plays a crucial role in ensuring continued plant operation. In this thesis, the influence of AGR gas carburisation on the tensile, creep and fatigue properties of 316H has been investigated experimentally. Under laboratory test conditions, it has been found that carburisation generally results in a degradation of material performance (creep and fatigue life) at high temperatures, the extent of which has shown to be dependent on the applied loading scenario. This is driven by a substantial loss of surface ductility within the outer hardened layer and the subsequent premature initiation of widespread surface cracking. The reduced ductility is a consequence of the carburisation process that leads to significant intergranular carbide precipitation, weakening grain boundary strengths at the surface. The ability to detect carburisation on components in-situ would be of significant advantage to component lifetime assessment and this was explored through application of a magnetic non-destructive evaluation tool. Through experimental measurement and finite element analysis, it was found that the presence and severity of carburisation could be evaluated non-destructively under controlled laboratory conditions. Application of this technique to plant components was however concluded to invite significant challenges due to the inherent variability of carburised material across plant. The work of this thesis has significantly contributed to further the understanding of how carburisation may affect component lifetime with the findings directly influencing preliminary R5 structural integrity recommendations on how to treat carburisation in plant. Further testing is required to fully substantiate the effect of carburisation across a greater range of stresses and strains and recommendations for future research have been made.