Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens Luederwaldt 1935
Creators: name: Nunes, Rafael V.
name: Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Scarabaeidae
Dichotomius
Dichotomius ingens

description: Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens (Luederwaldt 1935)
(Fig. 3)
Pinotus ingens Luederwaldt 1935: 341 (original description);
Pinotus ingens, Blackwelder 1944: 207 (checklist);
Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens, Pereira & D’Andretta 1955: 248 (male description); Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens, Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 195 (checklist);
Dichotomius (Selenocopris) ingens, Daniel et al. 2014: 6 (ecologic/biogeographic study, species list).
Holotype: female: BRASIL: Mato Grosso. Chapada dos Guimarães. 1902. Robert (leg.) [NHML] (Fig. 3 E).
Non-type specimens studied. no data [1 ♀, CEMT]; BRASIL: Mato Grosso. Rosário Oeste. Maller leg. Coll. Martínez. Sept 1961 [1 Ƌ, CMNC, doubtful locality?]; Cuiabá. Fazenda Mutuca. Mata 4. 2-II-2009 [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 15°18’08”S; 55°57’54”W. Pitfall pulmão bovino. III-2011. LGOANunes [1 Ƌ, CEMT]; same but 15°18’25”S; 55°58’07”W. Cerrado chaquenho. Pitfall baço bovino. II-2011. LGOANunes [1 Ƌ 1 ♀, CEMT]; same but 15°18’08”S; 55°57’54”W. Pitfall pulmão bovino. III-2011. LGOANunes [1 Ƌ 4 ♀, CEMT]; Chapada dos Guimarães. entre Portão do Inferno e cidade. Coleta Manual. WOSouza. 2002 [2 Ƌ 2 ♀, CEMT]; Cuiabá. Módulo ComCerrado 15º 18' S; 55º54' W. Pitfall. MSAlbuquerque [13 Ƌ 10 ♀ CEMT]; same locality but pitfall human feces. 1-XII-2012. Daniel, G.M. [5 Ƌ 1 ♀ CEMT]. Mato Grosso do Sul. Dourados. Jardim Europa. 25-VI-2007. VHoras leg. [1 ♀, CEMT, doubtful locality].
Diagnosis. D. ingens (Luederwaldt) is separated of the other brachypterous species in this group by having ocellate punctures on pygidium (near the basis) (Fig. 2 D).
Males. Length: 21.0 mm. Maximum width (pronotum): 12.5 mm. Black, shinny. Head: dorsal surface smooth with ocellate puncture present arround the internal border of eyes. Clypeogenal junction with obtuse angle. Margin of clypeal teeth bearing a row of short scattered setae. Ventral clypeal process strongly bifurcated. Cephalic horn smooth, with rounded apex. Clypeo-genal suture distinct and producing a posterior knob. Antennal club with light red tumescence. Pronotum: wider than long and wider than elytra. Anterior portion of pronotal disc with two lobes. Ocellate puncture lacking on pronotal disc but circudating pronotal borders, including anterior angles and anterior excavation. Anterior angles acute. Hypomeron: anterior portion with lateral band of ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion almost glabrous with few sparse ocellate setose punctures. Prosternum: with ocellate setose punctures: setae do not reach one quarter the length of hypomeron setae. Mesosternum: strongly narrowed and glabrous medially. Mesepisternum: covered by ocellate setose punctures. Posterior portion of upper margin ending in an acute angle and reaching the pseudoepipleuron (Fig. 1). Metasternum: mesometasternal suture indistinct. Anterior lobe strong narrowed medially, bearing ocellate setose punctures and long and sparse setae present along the margins. Metasternal disc bearing a longitudinal sulcus that produces a feeble posterior concavity. Elytra: shinny, lacking humeral callus, bearing ill blue reflections near the basis. Striae with ocellate punctures spaced by twice their diameter. Hind wings: length: 11mm. Bearing folding articulation. Basal sclerites glabrous. Subcostal vein intersecting costal axis at its basal quarter. Medial vein extending to the folding articulation. Distinct setae present on basal third of costal axis and at folding articulation. Cubital vein present, anal vein absent. Small developed membranous portion apical to folding articulation with incomplete or weakly-marked venation. Legs: anterior tibial spur strongly bent downward at the apical quarter. Anterior tibiae bearing four teeth. Length of the 5th metatarsomere twice the length of the 4th metatarsomere. Abdomen: sternites 1 to 6 glabrous and having ocellate punctures along the upper margin. Pygidium: wider than long. Bearing ocellate punctures near the basis. Paramera: (As in Figs. 3 C–D) having rounded/circular excavations near the basis (dorsal view) and longitudinal excavation toward the apex (lateral and dorsal view). Longitudinal excavation taking more then half the length of paramera. Apex divergent, curved outward (dorsal view).dorsally symmetrical.
Morphological variation. Length varies from 18.0–21.0 mm on males and from 18.5–19.0 mm on females. Pronotum width varies from 12.0– 12.5 mm on males and from 11.0– 11.5 mm on females. The pronotal anterior declivity, the lobes of the anterior portion of pronotal disc and cephalic horn is subject to strong variation on males. Both on males and females, elytra basis might have blue or brown reflections. Females differ from males on the following characters: Head: dorsal surface striated except near the clypeal anterior emargination (teeth). Clypeofrontal horn produced in weak transversal carina, very ill bifurcated. Pronotum: anterior declivity, excavation and pronotal disc lobes smaller less developed. Ocellate punctures on the excavation anterior to the declivity more conspicuous than in males. Abdomen: 6th abdominal sternite with a central pair of tubercles (Fig. 1 A).
Distribution. Municipalities of Cuiabá and Chapada dos Guimarães comprising the region of Chapada dos Guimarães, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. We have analysed a specimen with dubious locality (probably wrong labels), from Dourados municipality, Mato Grosso do Sul State (900 km far from the localities of other analysed specimens) (Fig. 8). We presume that Dourados is far enough from Chapada to avoid the dispersal of a flightless species: like other species in the ingens complex, the distribution of D. ingens is very narrow. Besides, despite we have done successive dung beetle samples on both regions, we only found D. ingens at Chapada and adjacent localities, and even the Rosário Oeste record needs confirmation.
Remarks. close to D. paresi and D. fissiceps mainly due the conformation of males paramera, head and pronotum (Figs. 3 A–B, 6A–B). The distribution of D. ingens is separated from D. paresi by a hill/mountain formation (Serra das Araras). Both species are found in the similar ecological context: active at the hottest hours of the day at open habitats (campos and cerrado s. str. formations) and strongly attracted by carrion (include those of invertebrates). Some collected adults fed on rotten fruits and organic garbage. This species is necessarily associated to sandy soils surrounding Chapada dos Guimarães Plateau, a very specific habitat prrotected by the Chapada dos Guimarães National Park (Daniel et al. 2014).
description: Published as part of Nunes, Rafael V. & Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z., 2016, New brachypterous species of Dichotomius (Selenocopris) Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with the definition of species groups and taxonomic notes in the subgenus in Zootaxa 4139 (1), DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/271999