Dictyogenus jurassicum Reding, Launay, Le Doare, Ruffoni &amp; Vincon 2019, sp. n.
Creators: name: Reding, Jean-Paul G.
name: Launay, Bertrand
name: Doaré, Jacques Le
name: Ruffoni, Alexandre
name: Vinçon, Gilles
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlodidae
Dictyogenus
Dictyogenus jurassicum

description: <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> Reding, Launay, Le Doaré, Ruffoni &amp; Vinçon, sp. n. http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org: TaxonName:506375 (Figs. 1–25) <i>Dictyogenus (Besdolus) ventralis</i> – Verneaux, J. (1973). Annales scientifiques de l’Université de Besançon, Zoologie, Physiologie et Biologie Animale, 3ème Série, 9:98. <i>Dictyogenus fontium</i> – Reding, J.-P.G. (1998). Bulletin romand d’entomologie, 16:42. <i>Dictyogenus alpinum</i> – Verneaux <i>et al.</i> (2003). Hydrobiologia, 490:71. <i>Dictyogenus fontium gr sp 5-GV sensu</i> Gilles Vinçon (early-release DNA sequence on: www.boldsystems.org, unpublished) Materials examined. Holotype male: SWITZERLAND, Jura Mountains, Doubs Valley, canton of Jura, Karstic spring of Côte au Bouvier, near Soubey, 47° 18.028074'N, 7° 3.595063'E, 570m a.s.l., 05.05.2009, leg. Gilles Vinçon, deposited in the MZL (catalogue number: GBIFCH00652518). <b>Paratypes:</b> same locality, 16.06.2009, 2&amp;male;, 2&amp;female;, leg. G. Vinçon, deposited in the MZL (catalogue number: GBIFCH00652530, GBIFCH00652524). Jura Mountains, canton of Jura, Karstic spring near river Sorne, Blanches-Fontaines, 47° 17.338724'N, 7° 13.36608'E, 585m a.s.l., 06.04.2017, 1L, leg. J.-P.G. Reding, deposited in the MZL (catalogue number GBIFCH00652527). <b>Additional specimens</b>. We examined many other specimens. These are stored in the collections of Jean-Paul G. Reding (RC), Bertrand Launay (BLC), Natural History Museum of Hungary (NHMH), Gilles Vinçon (GVC), Jacques Le Doaré (JLDC), Alexandre Ruffoni (ARC) and MZL. SWITZERLAND Jura Mountains Chasseron region, Areuse river basin, canton of Vaud, Rhine tributaries: <b></b> Small spring at Dénériaz coomb, 46° 51.180076'N, 6° 31.639395'E, 1135m, 20.09.1993, 3L; 31.07.1996, 1L; 13.10.1996, 1L; 30.08.2000, 1L; 10.05.2002, 1L; 18.07.2006, 4L; 29.06.2010, 1L (used for molecular studies by A. Reding), 1E; 04.05.2011, 1L (used for molecular studies by A. Reding); 18.05.2011, 1L; 04.07.2011, 1L; 13.12.2013, 1L; 27.08.2014, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). <b></b> Dénériaz torrent, Noirvaux, 46° 51.228685'N, 6° 30.969797'E, 1000 m, 31.03.2005, 6L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC); 13.08.2017, 1L, (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC). <b></b> Small spring, Poëta Raisse gorges, 46° 52.910488'N, 6° 36.307303'E, 1131m, 18.07.1997, 1E; 03.08.2011, 2L; 23.06.2012, 2L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Orbe River Basin, canton of Vaud, Rhine tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring Les Fontannets, La Mothe, 46° 49.165452'N, 6° 33.889242'E, 548m, 09.05.2014, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; MZL under catalogue number GBIFCH00284213, used for molecular studies by SwissBOL). Doubs Valley, canton of Jura, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring of Côte au Bouvier, near Soubey, 47° 18.028074'N, 7° 3.595063'E, 570m, 26.05.1997, 1&amp;male;, 2&amp;female;, 1E; 05.05.2009, 3&amp;male;; 16.06.2009, 2&amp;male;, 10&amp;female;, 2E; 20.06.2012, 4&amp;female;, 4E (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC); 12.06.2007, 3&amp;male;, 1E; 24.06.2007, 1&amp;male;, 1E (leg. R. Rupprecht; GVC); 29.05.2010, 5L (used for molecular studies by A. Reding); 14.07.2010, 1L (leg. A. Reding; RC); 20.09.2010, 11L; 23.09.2014, 2L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Canton of Jura, Rhine tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring near river Sorne, Blanches- Fontaines, 47° 17.338724'N, 7° 13.36608'E, 585m, 10.03.2015, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; MZL under catalogue number GBIFCH00284212, used for molecular studies by SwissBOL); 06.04.2017, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). <b>FRANCE</b> Jura Mountains Doubs Department (25) Doubs drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Spring of Doubs River, Mouthe, 46° 42.295779'N, 6° 12.548421'E, 946m, 18.04.1991, 2L; 15.09.1991, 1E (leg. J. Aubert; GVC); 14.07.1996, 1&amp;female;, 7E (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC); 13.06.2007, 1L (used for molecular studies by A. Reding); 10.05.2017, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Loue drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Spring of Loue River, Ouhans, 47° 0.645115'N, 6° 17.97486'E, 529m, 10.04.2013, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). <b></b> Spring of Moulin Miguet, Nouailles Gorges, Ouhans, 47° 1.326046'N, 6° 17.934465'E, 456m, 14.05.2013, 1L; 01.04.2014, 5L; 14.04.2015, 2L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Ain (01) and Jura (39) Departments, Ain drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring near Albarine river, Charabotte Mill (01), 45° 57.308924'N, 5° 33.286347'E, 476m, 09.06.2013, 2&amp;male;, 3&amp;female; (leg B. Launay; JLDC); 15.06.2013, 3&amp;female;; 16.02.2014, 2L; 06.05.2014, 1&amp;male;, 3&amp;female;, 1E (leg. B. Launay; RC); 13.05. 2015, 4m, 1L, 2E (leg. B. Launay; BLC; used for molecular studies by IRSTEA, numbers B116 and B117). <b></b> Valouse river near Cornod (39), bridge over road D 202, 46° 18.536086'N, 5° 32.227764'E, 310m, 12.09.2007, 1L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC). <b></b> Spring of Flumen river, near Les Moulins, Septmoncel (39), 46° 21.204252'N, 5° 54.395038'E, 800m, 24.07.2007, 9L; 28.04.2011, 1L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC). <b></b> Spring of Ravin de la Gaillarde, Tenay (01), 45° 56,078220'N, 5° 32,239020'E, 651m, 13.04.2018, 1L (leg. B. Launay; BLC). Ain Department (01), Valserine drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring at Creux-Godet, 46° 16.114284'N, 5° 54.894414'E, 879m, 13.04.1991, 1L (leg. J. Aubert; GVC); 17.03.2014, 2L; 30.05.2014, 1E (leg. B. Launay; BLC); 25.08.2014, 8L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC). <b></b> Brion waterfall, near Chézery-Forens, 46° 15.311212'N, 5° 54.032052'E, 810m, 03.02.2014, 3L; 14.02.2014, 3L; 17.03.2014, 24L (leg. B. Launay; BLC; 2L in RC); 04.05.2014, 3L; 30.05.2014, 2&amp;male;, 2E; 19.07.2014, 1&amp;female;, 1E; 22.12.2014, 2L; 11.04.2015, 1L; 22.05.2015, 2L; 13.06.2015, 2&amp;male;, 1&amp;female;, 1E; 08.06.2016, 1&amp;female; (leg. B. Launay; BLC); 27.01.2015, 3L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). <b></b> Karstic spring near Perissode farm, 46° 22.128147'N, 6° 0.361369'E, 1030m, 05.05.2014, 1L; 20.07.2014, 2&amp;female;; 25.08.2014, 11L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC); 26.04.2015, 1L; 01.08.2015, 4L 1E (leg. B. Launay; BLC). <b></b> Forens river tributary, Chézery-Forens, 46° 13.389054'N, 5° 51.127375'E, 700m, 03.02.2014, 1L; 14.02.2014, 2L; 30.05.2014, 1&amp;male;, 1&amp;female;, 1E; 13.06.2015, 1E (leg. B. Launay; BLC). <b></b> Septfontaine river at Mijoux, 46° 19.277761'N, 5° 57.467904'E, 950m, 03.07.2015, 1L; 01.08.2015, 1&amp;male;, 1&amp;female;; 05.09.2015, 3L; 02.04.2016, 1L (leg. B. Launay; BLC). <b>Diagnosis.</b> General color dark brown with tawny and yellow spots (Figs. 1, 2). Males and females macropterous (Figs. 1, 8). Apex of the frontal sclerite of the epiproct of adult males slightly bent downwards, in lateral view (Figs. 5, 6). Female subgenital plate covering half of the ninth sternum and exhibiting a deep median arch-shaped notch (Fig. 9). Body length of males 14–18 mm; females 15–23 mm. Anterior wings of males 15.9–17.6 mm; females 10–20.7 mm. Posterior wings of males 13.2–15.5 mm; females 13.9–20.5 mm. <b>Adults (Figs. 1–9).</b> Head mostly brown, with two large lateral yellow circular spots on both sides of the clypeus and a wide, symmetric, yellow patch on the M-line, above the anterior ocellus (Fig. 2). Between the lateral ocelli, a large, tawny area delimitated posteriorly by the epicranial suture. Area between the lateral ocelli and the compound eyes pale yellow (Fig. 2). Pronotum dark brown (Fig. 2). Anterior and posterior angles of pronotum almost rectangular (Fig. 2). Presence of a yellow median band extending from the anterior margin of the pronotum to its posterior margin, widened in its middle section and gradually narrowing toward the posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 2). A tawny area on each side of the pronotum, with dark, sculpted rugosities (Fig. 2). Abdominal sterna pale brown, with symmetrical, hyphen-like patches. Proximal part of tibiae with a dark band. Antennae and cerci blackish to dark brown (Figs. 1, 4). Wing venation as typical for the genus (Ris 1896: 308, Fig. 3). Forewing (Fig. 8) and hindwing (cf. Fig. 31) with the two cross-veins “ra- rp” and “rp- ma” nearly aligned. Numerous cross- veins forming a reticulated area between RA and RP (Fig. 8). Cross-vein “ra- rp” and subcostal area of forewing faintly infuscate (Fig. 8). <b>Male terminalia (Figs. 3–6).</b> Presence of distinctly separated hemiterga (Figs. 3, 4) and an epiproct with a frontal apical sclerite ending in a single long spine and with two shorter dorso-lateral spines (Figs. 5, 6). Epiproct flanked by flat and spatulate lateral stylets (Figs. 5, 6). Tergum 10 divided into hemiterga whose lobes are covered with 20 to 25 pale long setae in which 2 to 9 darker, stronger and longer spines (half of the length of the hemitergal lobes) are embedded (Fig. 3). Hemitergal lobes long and slender, bent obliquely upwards (Fig. 3) and rearwards (Fig. 4). Apex of frontal sclerite of epiproct slightly bent downwards, in lateral view (Figs. 5 and 6). Lateral stylets large and clubshaped, widening near apex, in lateral view (Figs. 5 and 6). Abdominal sternum 7 composed of multiple plates (Fig. 7). <b>Females (Fig. 9).</b> Females of <i>Dictyogenus</i> not formally identifiable to species level, except those of <i>D. alpinum</i>, whose subgenital plate covers the majority of the sternum 9 (Figs. 60, 61). Female subgenital plate of <i>D. jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> covering half of the ninth sternum and exhibiting a deep median arch-shaped notch (Fig. 9). <b>Mature larvae (Figs. 10–19).</b> Larvae &lt;8 mm not identifiable to species-level. Immature larvae are characterized by a very dense setation on abdominal segments, legs, paragenital plates as well as cerci and live in interstitial habitats composed of loose sandy gravels. Mature larvae, on the contrary, are petricolous and this habitat shift also coincides with important chaetotactic changes, notably the reduction of length and number of setae on abdominal segments, paragenital plates and cerci. Length of mature larvae, measured from head to end of abdomen: 9–19 mm. First two abdominal segments with abdominal terga and sterna clearly separated by a small membranous area (Fig. 19). Interocellar area with a narrow yellow patch not reaching lateral ocelli (Figs. 10, 11). Lateral ocelli without circum-ocellar yellow patch (Figs. 10, 11). A narrow elongated yellow patch above each lateral ocellus (Figs. 10, 11). M-line indistinct (Figs. 10, 11). Occipital fold and lower rim of the eyes with a conspicuous row of spines (Fig. 11; cf. also Fig. 66). Lacinia with apical and subapical tooth; marginal setae of the lacinia in a single long row (Fig. 12). Lacinia, below subapical tooth, with a shoulder-like angle (Fig. 12; cf. also Fig. 64). Shape of pronotum ovoid (Fig. 11). Medio-dorsal setae on pronotum short and scattered, arranged as several, loosely demarcated rows (Fig. 13). Medio-dorsal row of setae long and continuous on mesonotum and metanotum (Fig. 14). Medio-dorsal row of setae on abdominal terga short and sparse (Fig. 15). Posterior margins of median abdominal terga with setae of unequal lengths (Fig. 18). Tip of paragenital plates blunt, in ventral view (Fig. 17). Paragenital plates, in ventral view, with at most two unpaired spines at or near apex; generally, there is only 1 spine on one of the paragenital plates while the other is devoid of spines (Fig. 17). Numerous empty spine insertion points on the paragenital plates, in ventral view (Fig. 17). Mediodorsal row of swimming-hairs of caudal setae sparse, with interruptions, and as long as or not much longer than the diameter of the cerci (Fig. 16). General aspect as in Fig. 10. <b>Egg characteristics (Figs. 20–25).</b> General shape oblong, cross-section trilateral, smoothed (Figs. 20–22). Posterior pole of egg regularly rounded; ridges only slightly protruding (Figs. 20–22). Chorionic surface with granulose follicle cell impressions (Fig. 23). Collar short, flared apically with few ridges of different length (fig. 24). Anchor flat (Fig. 25). Micropyles protruding and arranged singularly near posterior &amp;frac13; of egg (Fig. 23). Eclosion line absent. <b>Comparison to Congeners.</b> <b>Adults.</b> In the adult male of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, the hemitergal lobes are strongly bent upwards (Fig. 3) and rearwards (Fig. 4), whereas the hemitergal lobes of <i>D. alpinum</i> are only slightly bent upwards, pointing almost horizontally toward each other (Fig. 56). In the adult males of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (and also those of <i>D. muranyii</i> <b>sp. n.</b> and the specimens belonging to the <i>D. fontium</i> species complex), there is a wide, Vshaped membranous area between the hemitergal lobe and the inner anterior corner of the hemiterga (Figs. 3, 29, 32, 81). In the adult males of <i>Dictyogenus alpinum</i>, on the contrary, the area between the hemitergal lobe and the inner anterior corner of the hemiterga is globulous and sclerotized (Fig. 56). In <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, the lateral stylets are enlarged apically (Fig. 5), whereas they are getting progressively thinner toward the apex in <i>D. alpinum</i> (Fig. 57). In the female of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b>, the subgenital plate (Fig. 9) covers at most the upper half of abdominal sternum 9, as is also the case for specimens of the <i>D. fontium</i> species complex (Figs. 83, 84), whereas the subgenital plate of <i>D. alpinum</i> covers ¾ of the sternum 9 (Figs. 60, 61). Adult females of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> hence have more affinities with those of the <i>D. fontium</i> species complex than with those of <i>D. alpinum</i>, whereas adult males of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> are closer to those of <i>D. alpinum</i> than to those of the <i>D. fontium</i> species complex, from which they differ by the much stronger curvature of the apex of the frontal epiproct sclerite in lateral view (Figs. 5, 6, 57 compared to Fig. 80). <b>Mature larvae.</b> <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> differs from <i>D. fontium</i> by the presence of medio-dorsal setae on the pronotum (Fig. 13 compared to Fig. 86). Medio-dorsal setae on pronotum of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> are short and scattered, arranged as two loosely demarcated rows (Fig. 13), whereas they are longer, but uncompacted, in <i>D. muranyii</i> <b>sp. n.</b> (Figs. 40, 41), and dense and long in <i>D. alpinum</i> (Fig. 71). <b>Distribution and ecology.</b> <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> is the only species of <i>Dictyogenus</i> present in the Jura Mountains of France and Switzerland (Fig. 92) and is distributed over all its different drainage basins. The occurrence of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> is, however, restricted to karstic springs (some of them intermittent) and the initial section of their outflows in the Jura Mountains of France and Switzerland (Fig. 26). The flight period of <i>D. jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> extends from spring to early summer. Adults of both sexes emerge from the middle of April until the beginning of July. The life cycle is unknown. Our observations in the field are compatible with a semivoltine cycle, since immature larvae (3-4 mm) were generally found together with pre-emergent larvae in spring, at the end of the emergence period of adults. Half-grown larvae (6-8 mm) are present in autumn and in winter. Thus, larval growth of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> <b>sp. n.</b> extends over a period of at least two years. A possible egg diapause, as documented for a population of <i>Dictyogenus fontium</i> by Zwick &amp; Zwick 2010, would extend its life cycle to three years. <b> Etymology of <i>Dictyogenus jurassicum</i> sp. n.</b> The new species is named after the region where it was collected, the Jura Mountains of France and Switzerland. <b></b> Dénériaz torrent, Noirvaux, 46° 51.228685'N, 6° 30.969797'E, 1000 m, 31.03.2005, 6L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC); 13.08.2017, 1L, (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC). <b></b> Small spring, Poëta Raisse gorges, 46° 52.910488'N, 6° 36.307303'E, 1131m, 18.07.1997, 1E; 03.08.2011, 2L; 23.06.2012, 2L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Orbe River Basin, canton of Vaud, Rhine tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring Les Fontannets, La Mothe, 46° 49.165452'N, 6° 33.889242'E, 548m, 09.05.2014, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; MZL under catalogue number GBIFCH00284213, used for molecular studies by SwissBOL). Doubs Valley, canton of Jura, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring of Côte au Bouvier, near Soubey, 47° 18.028074'N, 7° 3.595063'E, 570m, 26.05.1997, 1&amp;male;, 2&amp;female;, 1E; 05.05.2009, 3&amp;male;; 16.06.2009, 2&amp;male;, 10&amp;female;, 2E; 20.06.2012, 4&amp;female;, 4E (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC); 12.06.2007, 3&amp;male;, 1E; 24.06.2007, 1&amp;male;, 1E (leg. R. Rupprecht; GVC); 29.05.2010, 5L (used for molecular studies by A. Reding); 14.07.2010, 1L (leg. A. Reding; RC); 20.09.2010, 11L; 23.09.2014, 2L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Canton of Jura, Rhine tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring near river Sorne, Blanches- Fontaines, 47° 17.338724'N, 7° 13.36608'E, 585m, 10.03.2015, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; MZL under catalogue number GBIFCH00284212, used for molecular studies by SwissBOL); 06.04.2017, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). <b>FRANCE</b> Jura Mountains Doubs Department (25) Doubs drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Spring of Doubs River, Mouthe, 46° 42.295779'N, 6° 12.548421'E, 946m, 18.04.1991, 2L; 15.09.1991, 1E (leg. J. Aubert; GVC); 14.07.1996, 1&amp;female;, 7E (leg. G. Vinçon; GVC); 13.06.2007, 1L (used for molecular studies by A. Reding); 10.05.2017, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Loue drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Spring of Loue River, Ouhans, 47° 0.645115'N, 6° 17.97486'E, 529m, 10.04.2013, 1L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). <b></b> Spring of Moulin Miguet, Nouailles Gorges, Ouhans, 47° 1.326046'N, 6° 17.934465'E, 456m, 14.05.2013, 1L; 01.04.2014, 5L; 14.04.2015, 2L (leg. J.-P.G. Reding; RC). Ain (01) and Jura (39) Departments, Ain drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Karstic spring near Albarine river, Charabotte Mill (01), 45° 57.308924'N, 5° 33.286347'E, 476m, 09.06.2013, 2&amp;male;, 3&amp;female; (leg B. Launay; JLDC); 15.06.2013, 3&amp;female;; 16.02.2014, 2L; 06.05.2014, 1&amp;male;, 3&amp;female;, 1E (leg. B. Launay; RC); 13.05. 2015, 4m, 1L, 2E (leg. B. Launay; BLC; used for molecular studies by IRSTEA, numbers B116 and B117). <b></b> Valouse river near Cornod (39), bridge over road D 202, 46° 18.536086'N, 5° 32.227764'E, 310m, 12.09.2007, 1L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC). <b></b> Spring of Flumen river, near Les Moulins, Septmoncel (39), 46° 21.204252'N, 5° 54.395038'E, 800m, 24.07.2007, 9L; 28.04.2011, 1L (leg. J. Le Doaré; JLDC). <b></b> Spring of Ravin de la Gaillarde, Tenay (01), 45° 56,078220'N, 5° 32,239020'E, 651m, 13.04.2018, 1L (leg. B. Launay; BLC). Ain Department (01), Valserine drainage basin, Rhône tributaries: <b></b> Kar
description: Published as part of <i>Reding, Jean-Paul G., Launay, Bertrand, Doaré, Jacques Le, Ruffoni, Alexandre &amp; Vinçon, Gilles, 2019, Two New Species Of Dictyogenus Klapálek, 1904 (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) From The Jura Mountains Of France And Switzerland, And From The French Vercors And Chartreuse Massifs, pp. 27-64 in Illiesia 15 (2)</i> on pages 31-40, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4761285
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