cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Banished and Overcriminalized
Creators: name: Gonçalves, Walter I.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2020

description: Scholarship on illegal entry and drug courier prosecutions fails to apply Critical Race Theory (CRT). Disregard of how these pro-secutions contribute to racial stratification in and outside American prisons or how drug couriers experience intersectionality ignores sociological and cultural processes. Criminal justice professionals have racialized the system through implicit biases, but a CRT approach to criminal defense can ameliorate this problem. As such, scholars cannot refuse to take notice of CRT. Jennifer Chacón and Ingrid Eagley have written on illegal entry, describing the convergence of immigration and criminal law. Mona Lynch and Caleb Mason have conducted studies on drug couriers, focusing on the selection of cases for prosecution and the market for couriers along the United States-Mexico border. These scholars failed to consider how post-colonialism or historical oppression (both CRT tools) influence legal processes. Their analyses also lack practical implications for defense lawyers. This Article uses CRT to unpack the historical and contemporary reality of these prosecutions. With this new framework, it describes strategies for the defense lawyer with the aim of mitigating implicit bias, the main source of racial disparity in today’s federal criminal courts. In so doing, it is the first CRT investigation of two types of border crimes. It is also the first to describe a race-conscious criminal defense practice within the context of CRT.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 10 No. 2 (2020)
RICE PADDIES ON THE WHITE HOUSE LAWN
Creators: name: Reville, Tricia
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2020

description: Our peaceful trading partners are not our enemies; they are our allies. We should beware of the demagogs who are ready to declare a trade war against our friends—weakening our economy, our national security, and the entire free world—all while cynically waving the American flag. The expansion of the international economy is not a foreign invasion; it is an American triumph, one we worked hard to achieve, and something central to our vision of a peaceful and prosperous world of freedom.[1] – President Ronald Reagan Americans have long been skeptical of foreign investment in American companies. Since the end of the Second World War, Congress and Presidents have utilized the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to monitor foreign investments in the U.S. with national security conc-erns. However, determining what is “foreign” for CFIUS review purposes is not a straight-forward analysis given increasingly complex financing structures. This Note traces developments in case law from an early twentieth-century case involving the treatment of a “colorless” corporation wholly owned by African-Americans, to mid-century Trading With the Enemy Act cases during the Second World War, to a more recent case involving an American company wholly owned by Chinese nationals. Modern courts have found that corporations can take on the race or national identity of their founders or investors, which, as this Note describes in greater detail below, represents a shift in how the courts view corporat-ions. Additionally, this Note describes the inadvertent foreign person problem where a corporation majority-owned by Americans, incorporated in America, and solely operated in America could become foreign for CFIUS purposes if the corporation received a substantial amount of foreign investment. This Note will recommend that CFIUS stop using the foreign control analysis as a gatekeeping function. Instead, CFIUS should shift the foreign control analysis to the formal review stage and use the scale of foreign control as informative rather than dispositive. This solution addresses national security concerns, promotes efficiency and effectiveness for all three branches of government as well as private industry, and adheres to American free-market and anti-discriminatory policies. [1] President Ronald Reagan, President of the U.S., Radio Address to the Nation on the Canadian Elections and Free Trade, Ronald Reagan Presidential Library & Museum (Nov. 26, 1988), https://www.reaganlibrary.gov/research/speeches/112688a.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2020)
A sufficient condition for the Kolmogorov 4/5 law for stationary martingale solutions to the 3D Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Bedrossian, Jacob
name: Zelati, Michele Coti
name: Punshon-Smith, Samuel
name: Weber, Franziska
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that statistically stationary martingale solutions of the 3D Navier-Stokes equations on $\mathbb{T}^3$ subjected to white-in-time (colored-in-space) forcing satisfy the Kolmogorov 4/5 law (in an averaged sense and over a suitable inertial range) using only the assumption that the kinetic energy is $o(ν^{-1})$ as $ν\rightarrow 0$ (where $ν$ is the inverse Reynolds number). This plays the role of a weak anomalous dissipation. No energy balance or additional regularity is assumed (aside from that satisfied by all martingale solutions from the energy inequality). If the force is statistically homogeneous, then any homogeneous martingale solution satisfies the spherically averaged 4/5 law pointwise in space. An additional hypothesis of approximate isotropy in the inertial range gives the traditional version of the Kolmogorov law. We demonstrate a necessary condition by proving that energy balance and an additional quantitative regularity estimate as $ν\rightarrow 0$ imply that the 4/5 law (or any similar scaling law) cannot hold.
Heavy quark symmetry: ideas and applications
Creators: name: Flynn, J M
name: Isgur, N
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This report is a combined version of two talks presented by the authors at the Edinburgh $b$-physics Workshop, December 1991. It presents the ideas of heavy quark symmetry and gives an introduction to some applications. The references indicate where to go for more information: they are not intended to be complete, nor do they necessarily refer to the original work on any particular subject.
description: 21 pages, plain TeX, SHEP-91/92-22
DENOUNCING THE MYTH OF PLACE-BASED SUBSIDIES AS THE SOLUTION FOR ECONOMICALLY DISTRESSED COMMUNITIES
Creators: name: Jordan, Bre
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2020

description: In an attempt to remedy the uneven balance of investment in distressed, low-income communities, legislators enacted the Opportunity Zone legislation—a place-based tax subsidy included in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. Focusing primarily on capital investment, the Opportunity Zone legislation fails to incentivize community engagement, preserve affordable housing, or mitigate against displacement. The subsidy is likely to benefit wealthy investors and large corporations at the expense of low-income, minority residents who can no longer afford to live in areas they once called home. This Note provides a comparative critique of Opportunity Zones and similar efforts to revitalize urban areas. By examining how Opportunity Zones eliminate affordable housing and displace low-income communities, this Note offers alternative solutions aimed at helping the low-income communities the subsidy fails to protect.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2020)
Non-modal analysis of spectral element methods: Towards accurate and robust large-eddy simulations
Creators: name: Fernandez, Pablo
name: Moura, Rodrigo
name: Mengaldo, Gianmarco
name: Peraire, Jaime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M60, 65M70, 76F99

description: We introduce a \textit{non-modal} analysis technique that characterizes the diffusion properties of spectral element methods for linear convection-diffusion systems. While strictly speaking only valid for linear problems, the analysis is devised so that it can give critical insights on two questions: (i) Why do spectral element methods suffer from stability issues in under-resolved computations of nonlinear problems? And, (ii) why do they successfully predict under-resolved turbulent flows even without a subgrid-scale model? The answer to these two questions can in turn provide crucial guidelines to construct more robust and accurate schemes for complex under-resolved flows, commonly found in industrial applications. For illustration purposes, this analysis technique is applied to the hybridized discontinuous Galerkin methods as representatives of spectral element methods. The effect of the polynomial order, the upwinding parameter and the Péclet number on the so-called \textit{short-term diffusion} of the scheme are investigated. From a purely non-modal analysis point of view, polynomial orders between $2$ and $4$ with standard upwinding are well suited for under-resolved turbulence simulations. For lower polynomial orders, diffusion is introduced in scales that are much larger than the grid resolution. For higher polynomial orders, as well as for strong under/over-upwinding, robustness issues can be expected. The non-modal analysis results are then tested against under-resolved turbulence simulations of the Burgers, Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. While devised in the linear setting, our non-modal analysis succeeds to predict the behavior of the scheme in the nonlinear problems considered.
Generalized Pseudo-SU(3) Model and Pairing
Creators: name: Troltenier, D.
name: Bahri, C.
name: Draayer, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pseudo-SU(3) model is extended to explicitly include the spin and proton-neutron degrees of freedom. A general formalism for evaluating matrix elements of one-body and two-body tensor operators within this framework is presented. The pairing interaction, which couples different irreducible representations of SU(3), is expressed in terms of pseudo-space tensors and a general result is given for calculating its matrix elements. The importance of pairing correlations in pseudo-SU(3) model calculations is demonstrated by examining the dependence of wavefunctions, low-energy collective excitation spectra, and moments of inertia on the strength of the pairing interaction.
description: 21 Pages, 7 Figures (available upon request), Nucl. Phys. A in press
Paving the way to a sustainability assessment of farming systems. TAB-Fokus
Creators: name: Meyer, R.
name: Priefer, C.
name: Sauter, A. [Mitarb.]
Publisher: name: Büro für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB)
Year: 2021

description: Sustainability assessments in the field of agriculture have focused on individual farms on the one hand and on the agricultural sector as a whole on the other hand. Aggregation levels in between have hardly been examined so far. Comparisons of organic and conventional farming and their scientific evaluations provide reliable statements on fundamental differences for a limited number of sustainability indicators. It is not possible, however, to differentiate with regard to significant natural landscapes and economic conditions of the farms and to map temporal developments of the sustainability performance of organic and conventional farming. A comparative sustainability assessment of farming systems below the level of the agricultural sector as a whole offers the opportunity to generate more differentiated information on agricultural sustainability. However, the (further) development of such sustainability assessment systems is still associated with an extensive need for development and action.
Comparing Published Scientific Journal Articles to Their Pre-Print Versions -- Extended Version
Creators: name: Klein, Martin
name: Broadwell, Peter
name: Farb, Sharon E.
name: Grappone, Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Academic publishers claim that they add value to scholarly communications by coordinating reviews and contributing and enhancing text during publication. These contributions come at a considerable cost: U.S. academic libraries paid $1.7 billion for serial subscriptions in 2008 alone. Library budgets, in contrast, are flat and not able to keep pace with serial price inflation. We have investigated the publishers' value proposition by conducting a comparative study of pre-print papers from two distinct science, technology, and medicine (STM) corpora and their final published counterparts. This comparison had two working assumptions: 1) if the publishers' argument is valid, the text of a pre-print paper should vary measurably from its corresponding final published version, and 2) by applying standard similarity measures, we should be able to detect and quantify such differences. Our analysis revealed that the text contents of the scientific papers generally changed very little from their pre-print to final published versions. These findings contribute empirical indicators to discussions of the added value of commercial publishers and therefore should influence libraries' economic decisions regarding access to scholarly publications.
description: extended version of arXiv:1604.05363
AN UPHILL BATTLE FOR REPARATIONISTS
Creators: name: Conklin, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2020

description: On Juneteenth (June 19), 2019 the United States House Judiciary Committee heard over three hours of testimony regarding slavery reparations.[1] Various rhetorical methods were used by the expert witnesses to promote slavery reparations. Many emphasized the horrors of the slave trade. Many pointed to current racial disparities in education, criminal justice, and health as indicators that the harms of slavery are still present today. Others testified how the rising/increasing success of America is in large part attributable to slave labor. A White woman discussed the liberating power she experienced when she discovered and then addressed her ancestors’ involvement in the slave trade.[2] Loyola Law School Professor Eric Miller used the Tulsa, Oklahoma race riot of 1921 and the reparations that followed as a precedent for the importance and feasibility of reparations.[3] This essay examines how effective these arguments would have been to change the average American’s position on slavery reparations. Furthermore, would the efficacy differ when examining subsets of the population, such as conservatives and liberals? And what if a particular pro-slavery reparations argument was presented by a White person instead of an African American, would that change the way it was received? This essay presents the findings of a survey designed to answer those questions. The recent surge in popularity of reparations discussions from Democratic primary candidates brings this issue to the forefront. Unfortunately, most of the academic focus on reparations ignores the pragmatic implications of changing public opinion on the issue—the main obstacle to successful implementation of a slavery reparations scheme. By evaluating potential explanations for why certain reparations rhetoric is more effective than others—and how some even do more harm than good—this study will help to inform reparationists on the effectiveness of different rhetorical tactics. Furthermore, the often counterintuitive results call into question common assump-tions about the root causes of slavery reparation opposition. Impediments to slavery reparations such as the anti-reparations norm, specific implementation challenges, the risk of self-sabotage, legal challenges, and the incompatibility with American individualism are also discussed. [1] H.R. 40 and the Path to Restorative Justice,U.S. H. Comm. on the Judiciary (2019), https://judiciary.house.gov/legislation/hearings/hr-40-and-path-restorative-justice (video recording of hearing 3 hours and 40 minutes long) [hereinafter H.R. 40 Hearing]. [2] H.R. 40 and the Path to Restorative Justice: Hearing on H.R. 40 Before the Subcomm. on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, of the H. Comm. on the Judiciary, 116th Cong. (2019) (statement of Katrina Browne). [3] Id. (statement of Eric Miller).
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2020)
Detection of Surgical Site Infection Utilizing Automated Feature Generation in Clinical Notes
Creators: name: Shen, Feichen
name: Larson, David W
name: Naessens, James M.
name: Habermann, Elizabeth B.
name: Liu, Hongfang
name: Sohn, Sunghwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Postsurgical complications (PSCs) are known as a deviation from the normal postsurgical course and categorized by severity and treatment requirements. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of major PSCs and the most common healthcare-associated infection, resulting in increased length of hospital stay and cost. In this work, we assessed an automated way to generate lexicon (i.e., keyword features) from clinical narratives using sublanguage analysis with heuristics to detect SSI and evaluated these keywords with medical experts. To further validate our approach, we also conducted decision tree algorithm on cohort using automatically generated keywords. The results show that our framework was able to identify SSI keywords from clinical narratives and to support search-based natural language processing (NLP) approaches by augmenting search queries.
On the Unmixed 17 keV Neutrino
Creators: name: Leurer, Miriam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it was suggested that the 17 keV neutrino does not mix with the electron neutrino in the weak interactions. Instead, the $β$ decay mode involving the 17 keV neutrino is induced by a completely new interaction, presumably mediated by leptoquarks. A previous model for the ``unmixed 17 keV neutrino" suffers from difficulties with experimental data and cosmological constraints. Here we present an alternative model in which these difficulties are resolved.
description: 12 pages, LaTeX
PRIVACY LAW CONCERNS ASSOCIATED WITH THE REINTRODUCTION OF THE CITIZENSHIP QUESTION TO THE 2020 NATIONAL CENSUS
Creators: name: Welch, Matthew M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2020

description: The proposed reintroduction of the citizenship question to the national census challenges an individual's right to privacy from the government. At issue is the conflict between an individual’s right to privacy regarding personal citizenship data and the government’s need for that information. To that end, this paper will discuss the history of the citizenship question; the potential privacy violations and resulting harms; the legality of reintroducing the citizenship question; and the best solutions to alleviate privacy concerns while still allowing the Census Bureau to compile citizenship data.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 10 No. 1 (2020)
Exploring the thermal energy contents of the intergalactic medium with the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect
Creators: name: Lim, Seunghwan
name: Mo, Houjun
name: Wang, Huiyuan
name: Yang, Xiaohu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the thermal energy contents of the intergalactic medium (IGM) over three orders of magnitude in both mass density and gas temperature using thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (tSZE). The analysis is based on {\it Planck} tSZE map and the cosmic density field, reconstructed for the SDSS DR7 volume and sampled on a grid of cubic cells of $(1h^{-1}{\rm Mpc})^3$, together with a matched filter technique employed to maximize the signal-to-noise. Our results show that the pressure - density relation of the IGM is roughly a power law given by an adiabatic equation of state, with an indication of steepening at densities higher than about $10$ times the mean density of the universe. The implied average gas temperature is $\sim 10^4\,{\rm K}$ in regions of mean density, $ρ_{\rm m} \sim {\overlineρ}_{\rm m}$, increasing to about $10^5\,{\rm K}$ for $ρ_{\rm m} \sim 10\,{\overlineρ}_{\rm m}$, and to $>10^{6}\,{\rm K}$ for $ρ_{\rm m} \sim 100\,{\overlineρ}_{\rm m}$. At a given density, the thermal energy content of the IGM is also found to be higher in regions of stronger tidal fields, likely due to shock heating by the formation of large scale structure and/or feedback from galaxies and AGNs. A comparison of the results with hydrodynamic simulations suggests that the current data can already provide interesting constraints on galaxy formation.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to MNRAS, comments are welcome
Virtual und Augmented Reality. TAB-Fokus
Creators: name: Kind, Sonja
name: Ferdinand, Jan-Peter
name: Jetzke, Tobias
name: Richter, Stephan
name: Weide, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Büro für Technikfolgen-Abschätzung beim Deutschen Bundestag (TAB)
Year: 2019

description: VR- und AR-Technologien sind mittlerweile so weit entwickelt, dass eine verstärkte Diffusion in verschiedene Anwendungsfelder stattfindet. Die Nutzung von VR erfordert spezielle Hardware, während sich viele AR-Anwendungen auf Smartphones oder Tablets abbilden lassen. Neben dem privaten Bereich werden auch zunehmend wirtschaftliche Anwendungsfelder erschlossen. Während die deutsche Wissenschaft entscheidend zur VR- und AR-Forschung beiträgt, tut sich die deutsche Wirtschaft mit der Verwertung von VR und AR schwer. Vor allem die Nutzung von VR impliziert einige rechtliche und ethische Fragen, die noch weitestgehend ungeklärt sind.
Combined Description of $\bf{\overline{N}N}$ Scattering and Annihilation With A Hadronic Model
Creators: name: Mull, V.
name: Holinde, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model for the nucleon-antinucleon interaction is presented which is based on meson-baryon dynamics. The elastic part is the $G$-parity transform of the Bonn $NN$ potential. Annihilation into two mesons is described in terms of microscopic baryon-exchange processes including all possible combinations of $π,η,ρ,ω,a_0,f_0,a_1,f_1,a_2,f_2,K,K^*$. The remaining annihilation part is taken into account by a phenomenological energy- and state independent optical potential of Gaussian form. The model enables a simultaneous description of nucleon-antinucleon scattering and annihilation phenomena with fair quality.
description: revised version, REVTEX, 9 pages, 10 figures available from this URL ftp://ikp113.ikp.kfa-juelich.de/pub/kph140/nucl-th.9411014.uu
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.2 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Cart. 167 (11 H 67), f. 0098r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2010
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.2 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 167 (11 H 67), f. 0098r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.2 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 167 (11 H 67), f. 0098r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Additional file 2 of A radiomics-based model on non-contrast CT for predicting cirrhosis: make the most of image data
Creators: name: Wang, Jin-Cheng
name: Fu, Rao
name: Tao, Xue-Wen
name: Mao, Ying-Fan
name: Wang, Fei
name: Zhang, Ze-Chuan
name: Yu, Wei-Wei
name: Chen, Jun
name: He, Jian
name: Sun, Bei-Cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
OGLE-2017-BLG-1130: The First Binary Gravitational Microlens Detected From Spitzer Only
Creators: name: Wang, Tianshu
name: Novati, S. Calchi
name: Udalski, A.
name: Gould, A.
name: Mao, Shude
name: Zang, W.
name: Beichman, C.
name: Bryden, G.
name: Carey, S.
name: Gaudi, B. S.
name: Henderson, C. B.
name: Shvartzvald, Y.
name: Yee, J. C.
name: Mroz, P.
name: Poleski, R.
name: Skowron, J.
name: Szymanski, M. K.
name: Soszynski, I.
name: Kozlowski, S.
name: Pietrukowicz, P.
name: Ulaczyk, K.
name: Pawlak, M.
name: Albrow, M. D.
name: Chung, S. -J.
name: Han, C.
name: Hwang, K. -H.
name: Jung, Y. K.
name: Ryu, Y. -H.
name: Shin, I. -G.
name: Zhu, W.
name: Cha, S. -M.
name: Kim, D. -J.
name: Kim, H. -W.
name: Kim, S. -L.
name: Lee, C. -U.
name: Lee, D. -J.
name: Lee, Y.
name: Park, B. -G.
name: Pogge, R. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the binary gravitational microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-1130 (mass ratio q~0.45), the first published case in which the binary anomaly was only detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope. This event provides strong evidence that some binary signals can be missed by observations from the ground alone but detected by Spitzer. We therefore invert the normal procedure, first finding the lens parameters by fitting the space-based data and then measuring the microlensing parallax using ground-based observations. We also show that the normal four-fold space-based degeneracy in the single-lens case can become a weak eight-fold degeneracy in binary-lens events. Although this degeneracy is resolved in event OGLE-2017-BLG-1130, it might persist in other events.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
Observing the Inflaton Potential
Creators: name: Copeland, Edmund J.
name: Kolb, Edward W.
name: Liddle, Andrew R.
name: Lidsey, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show how observations of the density perturbation (scalar) spectrum and the gravitational wave (tensor) spectrum allow a reconstruction of the potential responsible for cosmological inflation. A complete functional reconstruction or a perturbative approximation about a single scale are possible; the suitability of each approach depends on the data available. Consistency equations between the scalar and tensor spectra are derived, which provide a powerful signal of inflation.
description: 9 pages, LaTeX, FERMILAB--PUB--93/071--A; SUSSEX-AST 93/4-1
Design, implementation and validation of the e-portfolio: A comprehensive educational aid
Creators: name: Collins, Anne
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: When constructing an educational portfolio, students build their learning from real medical cases, thus reducing the gap between theory and practice.[l] Such portfolios enable learners to act and learn autonomously and assess their own strengths and weaknesses. They also assist with the clarification of learning goals and the monitoring of how these goals are achieved. The provision of regular feedback indicates to students how well they are performing and how they could improve.[2] Portfolios therefore provide a more complete picture of student learning in which students can track the history of their improvements and reflect upon their actions at various time intervals.[3] The RCSl E-Portfolio offers students a secure, personal online learning space to store coursework, achievements and other documents relevant to their education. Since portfolio building is both demanding and time consuming,face validity is intuitively desirable. Our findings confirmed the EPortfolio is face valid compared to the traditional paper logbook and its benefit is transferable to medical students at all stages of undergraduate education. Its superiority over the paper logbook was particularly evidenced by the fact that E-Portfolio users were statistically more likely to refer to their data in the future than their logbook counterparts. It has previously been reported in the literature that web-based portfolios have a motivating effect on students, a finding corroborated by our results. Graduate entry students using the E-Portfolio submitted significantly more assignments and recorded more clinical competencies than their logbook counterparts. Furthermore, almost 20% of students In the IC3 group submitted more E-Portfolio assignments than they were required to do. Assessment is intrinsically important in the implementation of a successful EPortfolio. We correctly hypothesised that E-Portfolio assessment would reflect performance in high-stakes examinations. In addition, students in both the GEP and IC3 groups acknowledged the benefit of feedback received on case assignments. In the sub-intern group, feedback was not provided. As a result, almost half of the sub-interns specifically cited the lack of feedback as a negative feature of the E-Portfolio. The user satisfaction level in this group was significantly lower than in the other groups assessed. We concluded that the lack of assessment contributed to this finding. On evaluating alternative methods of assessment, our findings indicated that while the E-Portfolio promotes self-assessment, there was no correlation between student assessment and tutor assessment. Standardised feedback on the performance of a suture task, on the other hand, was shown to be both effective and efficient and has the potential to significantly reduce resource implications of formal assessment by tutors.
Optical conductivity of the Weyl semimetal NbP
Creators: name: Neubauer, D.
name: Yaresko, A.
name: Li, Weiwu
name: Löhle, A.
name: Hübner, R.
name: Schilling, M. B.
name: Shekhar, C.
name: Felser, C.
name: Dressel, M.
name: Pronin, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The optical properties of (001)-oriented NbP single crystals have been studied in a wide spectral range from 6 meV to 3 eV from room temperature down to 10 K. The itinerant carriers lead to a Drude-like contribution to the optical response; we can further identify two pronounced phonon modes and interband transitions starting already at rather low frequencies. By comparing our experimental findings to the calculated interband optical conductivity, we can assign the features observed in the measured conductivity to certain interband transitions. In particular, we find that transitions between the electronic bands spilt by spin-orbit coupling dominate the interband conductivity of NbP below 100 meV. At low temperatures, the momentum-relaxing scattering rate of the itinerant carriers in NbP is very small, leading to macroscopic characteristic length scales of the momentum relaxation of approximately 0.5 $μ$m.
description: 7.5 pages
Testing the Standard Model and Schemes for Quark Mass Matrices with CP Asymmetries in B Decays
Creators: name: Nir, Yosef
name: Sarid, Uri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The values of $\sin (2 α)$ and $\sin (2 β)$, where $α$ and $β$ are angles of the unitarity triangle, will be readily measured in a B factory (and maybe also in hadron colliders). We study the standard model constraints in the $\sin (2 α) - \sin (2 β)$ plane. We use the results from recent analyses of $f_B$ and $τ_b|V_{cb}|^2$ which take into account heavy quark symmetry considerations. We find $\sin (2 β) \geq 0.15$ and most likely $\sin (2 β) \roughly{>} 0.6$, and emphasize the strong correlations between $\sin (2 α)$ and $\sin (2 β)$. Various schemes for quark mass matrices allow much smaller areas in the $\sin (2 α) - \sin (2 β)$ plane. We study the schemes of Fritzsch, of Dimopoulos, Hall and Raby, and of Giudice, as well as the ``symmetric CKM'' idea, and show how CP asymmetries in B decays will crucially test each of these schemes.
description: 11 pages and 4 postscript figures available on request, LaTeX, WIS-92/52/Jun-PH, LBL-32563
Is Geodetic Precession of Massive Neutrinos the solution to the Solar Neutrino Problem?
Creators: name: Vokos, Stamatis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a recent suggestion by Milburn that slightly massive electron neutrinos, produced left-handed at the core of the sun, suffer geodetic precession adequate to render them right-handed (and therefore sterile) in sufficient numbers to solve the solar neutrino problem. In that light, we perform a complete, general-relativistic calculation of the geodetic spin precession of an ultrarelativistic particle in the Schwartzschild metric. We conclude that the effect is negligible, in disagreement with Milburn's analysis.
description: 10 pages in revtex, UW-PT-93-04
JUNIPR: a Framework for Unsupervised Machine Learning in Particle Physics
Creators: name: Andreassen, Anders
name: Feige, Ilya
name: Frye, Christopher
name: Schwartz, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In applications of machine learning to particle physics, a persistent challenge is how to go beyond discrimination to learn about the underlying physics. To this end, a powerful tool would be a framework for unsupervised learning, where the machine learns the intricate high-dimensional contours of the data upon which it is trained, without reference to pre-established labels. In order to approach such a complex task, an unsupervised network must be structured intelligently, based on a qualitative understanding of the data. In this paper, we scaffold the neural network's architecture around a leading-order model of the physics underlying the data. In addition to making unsupervised learning tractable, this design actually alleviates existing tensions between performance and interpretability. We call the framework JUNIPR: "Jets from UNsupervised Interpretable PRobabilistic models". In this approach, the set of particle momenta composing a jet are clustered into a binary tree that the neural network examines sequentially. Training is unsupervised and unrestricted: the network could decide that the data bears little correspondence to the chosen tree structure. However, when there is a correspondence, the network's output along the tree has a direct physical interpretation. JUNIPR models can perform discrimination tasks, through the statistically optimal likelihood-ratio test, and they permit visualizations of discrimination power at each branching in a jet's tree. Additionally, JUNIPR models provide a probability distribution from which events can be drawn, providing a data-driven Monte Carlo generator. As a third application, JUNIPR models can reweight events from one (e.g. simulated) data set to agree with distributions from another (e.g. experimental) data set.
description: 37 pages, 24 figures
Double Delta Production in the gamma d ---> p n pi+ pi- Reaction
Creators: name: Tejedor, J. A. Gomez
name: Oset, E.
name: Toki, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied the gamma d ---> Delta++ Delta- reaction which requires the collaboration of the two nucleons in deuteron. By means of a model previously developed for the gamma p ----> p pi+ pi- reaction, the two body exchange currents leading to double delta creation are derived. A fair agreement is obtained with a recent experiment, but more precise measurements and the extension to higher photon energies look advisable in order to see the limits of the present theoretical approach
description: 7 pages, 2 figures. TeX, Version 3.141 [PD VMS 3.4/CERN 1.0]
Role of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signalling pathway in cancers of the head and neck.
Creators: name: Brady, Garrett MP
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2019
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, or oral cancer, is the sixth most common cancer globally and is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. The incidence of oral cancer is rising annually and though there have been advances inresearch and treatment, there has been no improvement of patient survival rates. Additionally, no specific marker is in routine use to predict the clinical behaviour of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In recent years, aberrant expression of growth factor receptor systems and dysregulation of downstream cell signaling molecules has been reported in a wide range of epithelial tumours including oral cancer. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is well documented to have a critical role in growth and development and is implicated in tumourigenesis and progression. The IGF system consists of two ligands, IGF-I and IGF-II and six types of high-affinity IGF binding proteins, IGFBP-1 to -6. Both IGF-I and -11 mediate their biological effects via a cell membrane-bound receptor, IGF-1R. Over-expression of IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF-IR, or combinations of these, has been noted in a wide variety of carcinomas and is thought to modulate tumour cell motility, adhesion as well as influence angiogenesis. The role of IGF in the development of oral carcinomas is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression, and roles, of components of the IGF system in OSCC ex vivo and in vitro. Firstly, the relationship between serum levels of IGF-I and its binding proteins in patients with oral cancer was studied. Blood samples were taken and the plasma was analysed. Cancer patients had low levels of IGF-I, but high levels of IGFBP-1 and -2 compared to control patients. Secondly, we decided to characterise IGF-I, IGF-II, and IGF-1R by investigating their expression and function in human oral epithelial cancer cell lines and normal cells maintained in short-term culture. Tumour cells over-expressed IGF-II and IGF-1 R genes and protein compared to normal cells, as determined by western blotting, immunocytochemistry and DNA manipulation techniques. This pattern of over-expression was also observed in oral biopsy material taken from oral cancer patients, as detected by northem blotting and immunohistology. Thirdly, the importance between increased IGF-1 R expression and malignant transformation was studied by looking at IGF signaling mechanisms in normal oral epithelial cells. We found that IGF-I and -11 rescued apoptotic cells via a P13-K signaling pathway, not MAPK. Data from this study lends further evidence to the significance of IGF proteins in the development in OSCC.
Non-Asymptotic Classical Data Compression with Quantum Side Information
Creators: name: Cheng, Hao-Chung
name: Hanson, Eric P.
name: Datta, Nilanjana
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we analyze classical data compression with quantum side information (also known as the classical-quantum Slepian-Wolf protocol) in the so-called large and moderate deviation regimes. In the non-asymptotic setting, the protocol involves compressing classical sequences of finite length $n$ and decoding them with the assistance of quantum side information. In the large deviation regime, the compression rate is fixed, and we obtain bounds on the error exponent function, which characterizes the minimal probability of error as a function of the rate. Devetak and Winter showed that the asymptotic data compression limit for this protocol is given by a conditional entropy. For any protocol with a rate below this quantity, the probability of error converges to one asymptotically and its speed of convergence is given by the strong converse exponent function. We obtain finite blocklength bounds on this function, and determine exactly its asymptotic value. In the moderate deviation regime for the compression rate, the latter is no longer considered to be fixed. It is allowed to depend on the blocklength $n$, but assumed to decay slowly to the asymptotic data compression limit. Starting from a rate above this limit, we determine the speed of convergence of the error probability to zero and show that it is given in terms of the conditional information variance. Our results complement earlier results obtained by Tomamichel and Hayashi, in which they analyzed the so-called small deviation regime of this protocol.
description: 45 pages, 3 figures; v2 added reference [23] (prior work on strong converse exponent lower bounds); v3 fixed typos and added comparisons with reference [23]
Inverted Tasks and Bracketed Tasks in Mathematical Problem Posing
Creators: name: Dickman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College
Year: 2020

description: We present in this paper a pair of approaches to support mathematics educators and learners in formulating original tasks. In particular, we facilitate the posing of rich mathematical problems by using two novel methods that were created by a mathematics department at a K-12 school in the United States, and further developed alongside our students as well as a wider professional learning team of master teachers. We situate our work within the broader literature on mathematical problem posing and describe our strategies by including examples of their use in generating problems and by providing examples of authentic student-assigned tasks that were created with our approaches.
description: Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College, Vol. 11 No. 1: Spring 2020
Streamlining Time Spent in Alternative Developmental Mathematics Pathways: Increasing Access to College-Level Mathematics Courses by Altering Placement Procedures
Creators: name: Sole, Marla A.
Publisher: name: Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College
Year: 2020

description: Developmental mathematics, which is designed to prepare students for college-level mathematics courses, can be a barrier to students’ success. In the United States, the majority of students placed into developmental mathematics courses fail to complete the developmental sequence. Alternative mathematics pathways offer some benefits when integrated with “just-in- time support” or expedited instruction on specific prerequisite concepts needed solely for the current lesson. This study compares two statistics courses taught at a public community college: a complete course taught in one semester and a two-semester version with just-in-time develop- mental content integrated into the course. The study found that students placed into the one- semester statistics course accumulated significantly more credits after one and two years of college. These students also completed an associate’s degree within two years at a significantly higher rate than students placed into the two-semester statistics course. The study also found students deemed non-proficient by the college’s placement exam, who also had a strong high school average were significantly more likely to earn a grade of A- or higher or a grade of B- or higher compared to students originally deemed proficient.
description: Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College, Vol. 11 No. 1: Spring 2020
Technicolor Enhancement of $t \bar{t}$ Production at TeV-Colliders
Creators: name: Appelquist, Thomas
name: Triantaphyllou, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a technicolor theory containing a color-octet technipion, usually denoted by $P^{0'}_{8}$, will give rise to an enhancement of $t \bar t$ production at the Tevatron, LHC and SSC, via the process $gg \rightarrow P^{0'}_{8} \rightarrow t \bar t$. The relevant cross-sections are computed taking into account the large lower bound on the top mass coming from the "top search" experiments at LEP and CDF. At the LHC and SSC, the signal is found to be comparable to the QCD background, making the process quite accesible.
description: 12 pages
Metacognitive Skills of Students in a Mathematics Class with Supplemental Instruction and Online Homework
Creators: name: Rabia Khan, Bibi
Publisher: name: Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College
Year: 2020

description: Improving students’ performance in Calculus is a challenge for many colleges and universities. One way of improving students' performance as well as their metacognition and study skills is to provide opportunities for them to receive support outside of the lecture. A modified version of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ) was used to reveal any significant differences in metacognition and study strategies between students in a class with supplemental instruction with peer tutors and a dynamic online homework software (WebAssign), and students in a traditional class without these additional supports. Surveys and interviews were utilized to provide anecdotal evidence on the influence of WebAssign and supplemental instruction sessions on study skills and metacognition and whether students preferred WebAssign to traditional homework. Overall, the study showed no significant difference between the two groups in seven out of eight sub-scales of metacognitive skills and study strategies. Students reported that the supplemental instruction sessions and the WebAssign software were beneficial to their success.
description: Journal of Mathematics Education at Teachers College, Vol. 11 No. 1: Spring 2020