cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Truncating an exact Matrix Product State for the XY model: transfer matrix and its renormalisation
Creators: name: Rams, Marek M.
name: Zauner, Valentin
name: Bal, Matthias
name: Haegeman, Jutho
name: Verstraete, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how to analytically obtain an -- essentially infinite -- Matrix Product State (MPS) representation of the ground state of the XY model. On the one hand this allows to illustrate how the Ornstein-Zernike form of the correlation function emerges in the exact case using standard MPS language. On the other hand we study the consequences of truncating the bond dimension of the exact MPS, which is also part of many tensor network algorithms, and analyze how the truncated MPS transfer matrix is representing the dominant part of the exact quantum transfer matrix. In the gapped phase we observe that the correlation length obtained from a truncated MPS approaches the exact value following a power law in effective bond dimension. In the gapless phase we find a good match between a state obtained numerically from standard MPS techniques with finite bond dimension, and a state obtained by effective finite imaginary time evolution in our framework. This provides a direct hint for a geometric interpretation of Finite Entanglement Scaling at the critical point in this case. Finally, by analyzing the spectra of transfer matrices, we support the interpretation put forward by [V. Zauner at. al., New J. Phys. 17, 053002 (2015)] that the MPS transfer matrix emerges from the quantum transfer matrix though the application of Wilson's Numerical Renormalisation Group along the imaginary-time direction.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, significantly extended, comments welcome
Verification of examination procedures for 72 biochemical parameters on the atellica® clinical chemistry and immunoassay analyzers
Creators: name: Martínez-Morillo, Eduardo
name: Elena-Pérez, Sandra
name: Cembrero-Fuciños, David
name: García-Codesal, María Francisca
name: Contreras-Sanfeliciano, Teresa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: The verification of examination procedures is a responsibility for clinical laboratories in order to guarantee that their performance characteristics comply with the specifications obtained during the validation process and are congruent with the intended scope of the assay. The aim was to perform an evaluation of precision, bias, linearity, linear drift, sample carry-over, and comparability of 73 assays from Siemens Healthineers, by following the CLSI EP10-A3 guidelines. The verification was performed by measuring 72 biochemical parameters in quality control (QC) materials from Bio-Rad (except for IL6) with 73 assays installed on eight measuring systems (five Atellica® CH 930 and three IM 1600 analyzers from Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics). The following information was collected: validation data from manufacturer, biological variation data from the European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) database, and specifications for fβhCG and PAPP-A assays to meet the Fetal Medicine Foundation standards. A total of 17550 results were obtained during EP10 verification process. Out of the 73 methods, only Cl–S, Mg–S, and Na–S failed the criteria for adequate precision, trueness, and comparability. The assays did not show significant loss of linearity, linear drift, or sample carry-over. This study allowed the initial training and familiarization with the instruments and the identification of operational issues. It also represented an opportunity to evaluate the QCs and to obtain analytical performance information for application of sigma six metrics for quality assurance. Professionals are advised to adequately standardize and protocolize their verification processes to ensure laboratory competence and patient safety.
A MAP-BASED VISUAL ANALYTIC PLATFORM FOR MEDICAL ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Xia, Ziyu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: Geographic information systems
Information visualization
Maps
Medical informatics

description: Maps are a very useful tool in both academic study and daily life. It is especially useful in medical study, since many diseases are related to not only patients themselves, but also the environment in which they live. By plotting the maps about the patients’ information, researchers would be able to explore the spatial patterns about the diseases. However, traditional maps are very convenient for them to use. They need to interact with the map so that they would be able to combine the impact from many aspects. This project built a platform for them to visual analyze the medical data map. Although some function designed have not been achieved, it can still help a lot.
C.11 - VENTROMEDIAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX PYRAMIDAL CELLS HAVE A TEMPORAL DYNAMIC ROLE IN RECALL AND EXTINCTION OF COCAINE-ASSOCIATED MEMORY
Creators: name: Mansvelder, Huibert
name: Gouwenberg, Yvonne
name: Van den Oever, Michel
name: Smit, August
name: Heinsbroek, Jasper
name: Rotaru, Diana
name: Deisseroth, Karl
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: In addicts, associative memories related to the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse can evoke powerful craving and drug seeking urges, but effective treatment to suppress these memories is not available. Detailed insight into the neural circuitry that mediates expression of drug-associated memory is therefore of crucial importance. Substantial evidence from rodent models of addictive behavior points to the involvement of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in conditioned drug seeking, but specific knowledge of the temporal role of vmPFC pyramidal cells is lacking. To this end, we used an optogenetics approach to probe the involvement of vmPFC pyramidal cells in expression of a recent and remote conditioned cocaine memory. In mice, we expressed Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) or Halorhodopsin (eNpHR3.0) in pyramidal cells of the vmPFC and studied the effect of activation or inhibition of these cells during expression of a cocaine-contextual memory on days 1–2 (recent) and ∼3 weeks (remote) after conditioning. Whereas optical activation of pyramidal cells facilitated extinction of remote memory, without affecting recent memory, inhibition of pyramidal cells acutely impaired recall of recent cocaine memory, without affecting recall of remote memory. In addition, we found that silencing pyramidal cells blocked extinction learning at the remote memory time-point. We provide causal evidence of a critical time-dependent switch in the contribution of vmPFC pyramidal cells to recall and extinction of cocaine-associated memory, indicating that the circuitry that controls expression of cocaine memories reorganizes over time.
Constructive Tensor Field Theory: The $T^4_3$ Model
Creators: name: Delepouve, Thibault
name: Rivasseau, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T08

description: We build constructively the simplest tensor field theory which requires some renormalization, namely the rank three tensor theory with quartic interactions and propagator inverse of the Laplacian on $U(1)^3$. This superrenormalizable tensor field theory has a power counting almost similar to ordinary $ϕ^4_2$. Our construction uses the multiscale loop vertex expansion (MLVE) recently introduced in the context of an analogous vector model. However to prove analyticity and Borel summability of this model requires new estimates on the intermediate field integration, which is now of matrix rather than of scalar type.
description: 24 pages, 5 figures. Substantially improved version. Version v1 is correct but treats a model which is simplified at the level of the two point function. This version treats the full model, without any simplification
Artifact for "Demonstration-Free: Towards More Practical Log Parsing with Large Language Models'"
Creators: name: Yi, Xiao
name: Le, Van-Hoang
name: Zhang, Hongyu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This is the artifact for reuse and reproduction of experimental results presented in our ASE'24 paper titled "Demonstration-Free: Towards More Practical Log Parsing with Large Language Models".
Levetiracetam results in increased and decreased alcohol drinking with different access procedures in C57BL/6J mice
Creators: name: Malanga, C.J.
name: Agoglia, Abigail E.
name: Robinson, J. Elliott
name: Fish, Eric W.
name: Muller, R. Grant
name: Krouse, Michael C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The antiepileptic, levetiracetam (LEV), has been investigated for the treatment of alcohol abuse. However, little is known about how LEV alters the behavioral effects of alcohol in laboratory animals. The acute effects of LEV on alcohol drinking by male C57BL/6J mice were investigated using two different drinking procedures, limited access (drinking-in-the-dark, or DID) and intermittent access (IA) drinking. In the first experiment (DID), mice had access to a single bottle containing alcohol or sucrose for four hours every-other day. In the second experiment (IA), mice had intermittent access to two bottles, one containing alcohol or sucrose and one containing water, for 24 h on Mon/Wed/Fri. In both experiments, mice were administered LEV (0.3 – 100 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle 30 min before access to the drinking solutions. In the DID mice, LEV increased alcohol intake from 4.3 to 5.4 g/kg, while in the IA mice LEV decreased alcohol intake from 4.8 to 3.0 g/kg in the first 4 h of access and decreased 24 h alcohol intake from 20 g/kg to approximately 15 g/kg. These effects appear specific to alcohol, as LEV did not affect sucrose intake in either experiment. LEV appears to differentially affect drinking in animal models of moderate and heavier alcohol consumption.
Reduced gut microbial diversity in familial hypercholesterolemia with no effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids intervention – a pilot trial
Creators: name: Storm-Larsen, Christopher
name: Hande, Liv Nesse
name: Kummen, Martin
name: Thunhaug, Hilde
name: Vestad, Beate
name: Hansen, Simen Hyll
name: Hovland, Anders
name: Trøseid, Marius
name: Lappegård, Knut Tore
name: Hov, Johannes R.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) undergo an aggressive treatment with cholesterol-lowering drugs to prevent coronary heart disease. Recent evidence suggests an interplay between the gut microbiota, blood lipid levels and lipid-lowering drugs, but this has yet to be studied in individuals with FH. The objective of the study was to characterize the gut microbiota of individuals with familial hypercholesterolemia and examine if effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on blood lipids act through modification of the gut microbiome. The gut microbiota composition of individuals with FH (N = 21) and healthy controls (N = 144) was analyzed by extracting DNA from stool samples and sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. A subgroup (n = 15) of the participants received omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) supplementation or placebo in a crossover manner, and the effect of PUFAs on the gut microbiota was also investigated. Individuals with FH had a different gut microbiota composition compared to healthy controls, characterized by reduced richness (p = .001) and reduction of several genera belonging to Clostridia and Coriobacteriia. Patients using ezetimibe in addition to statins appeared to have lower richness compared to those only using statins (p = .01). Intervention with omega-3 PUFAs had negligible impact on the microbiota composition. Positive effects on blood lipids after intervention with omega-3 PUFA were not associated with baseline gut microbiota composition or gut microbial changes during treatment. Further, patients with FH have an altered gut microbiota compared to healthy controls, possibly driven by the use of ezetimibe.
Fibrinogen, Fibrin, and Fibrin Degradation Products in COVID-19
Creators: name: Kangro K.
name: Flick M.J.
name: Wolberg A.S.
Publisher: name: Bentham Science Publishers
Year: 2022

description: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the highly pathogenic and highly transmissible human coronavirus that is the causative agent for the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 manifests predominantly as a respiratory illness with symptoms consistent with viral pneumonia, but other organ systems (e.g., kidney, heart, brain) can also be-come perturbed in COVID-19 patients. Accumulating data suggest that significant activation of the hemostatic system is a common pathological manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The clotting protein fibrinogen is one of the most abundant plasma proteins. Following activation of coagulation, the central coagulation protease thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin monomers, which self-assemble to form a matrix, the primary structural component of the blood clot. Severe COVID-19 is associated with a profound perturbation of circulating fibrinogen, intra-and extravascular fibrin deposition and persistence, and fibrin degradation. Current findings suggest high levels of fibrino-gen and the fibrin degradation product D-dimer are biomarkers of poor prognosis in COVID-19. Moreover, emerging studies with in vitro and animal models indicate fibrin(ogen) as an active play-er in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Here, we review the current literature regarding fibrin(ogen) and COVID-19, including possible pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies centered on clotting and fibrin(ogen) function.
Relativeness in Quantum Gravity: Limitations and Frame Dependence of Semiclassical Descriptions
Creators: name: Nomura, Yasunori
name: Sanches, Fabio
name: Weinberg, Sean J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Consistency between quantum mechanical and general relativistic views of the world is a longstanding problem, which becomes particularly prominent in black hole physics. We develop a coherent picture addressing this issue by studying the quantum mechanics of an evolving black hole. After interpreting the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy as the entropy representing the degrees of freedom that are coarse-grained to obtain a semiclassical description from the microscopic theory of quantum gravity, we discuss the properties these degrees of freedom exhibit when viewed from the semiclassical standpoint. We are led to the conclusion that they show features which we call extreme relativeness and spacetime-matter duality---a nontrivial reference frame dependence of their spacetime distribution and the dual roles they play as the "constituents" of spacetime and as thermal radiation. We describe black hole formation and evaporation processes in distant and infalling reference frames, showing that these two properties allow us to avoid the arguments for firewalls and to make the existence of the black hole interior consistent with unitary evolution in the sense of complementarity. Our analysis provides a concrete answer to how information can be preserved at the quantum level throughout the evolution of a black hole, and gives a basic picture of how general coordinate transformations may work at the level of full quantum gravity beyond the approximation of semiclassical theory.
description: 44 pages, 4 figures; typos corrected
IPBES invasive alien species assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.3.1.5: Changes in landscape-seascape disturbance regimes (intensification and reduction)
Creators: name: Vandvik, Vigdis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.3.1.5 assesses the role of changes in landscape-seascape disturbance regimes (intensification and reduction) as drivers of biological invasions. The experts conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review consists in the main source of evidence for the section.
A MIRAGE CONSTRUCTED BY NANO-INFLUENCERS: IS IT REALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO GET A RESERVATION?
Creators: name: Keyao (Bella) Du
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Croissants, Pizza, Hot Pot, Sushi, Peking-duck! No one can live without food. It satisfies our daily cravings and gives us the energy to finish daily tasks. However, can you imagine this life essential has become a status and wealth symbol? However, it is how things go. With the proliferation of online nano influencers, people do get a chance to explore exotic flavors around their regions, even the whole world. Some restaurants are benefited from this type of online promotion as well. 

However, even under such a mutually beneficial relationship, problems still arise. 

The unannounced sponsorship between nano influencers and restaurants, unauthentic recommendations, nowadays' reservation boom, and the growing luxury dining trend have all revealed the negative impact that is probably caused by nano influencers exploiting the public's trust and reversing the information democratization to create their own exclusivity. 

However, are nano influencers the root cause of people's increasing addiction to fame and status? Are they the ones that created such restaurant reservation buzz? To what extent can online nano influencers influence people's decisions? 

Look! Here are so many exciting questions to explore! Let us find out the answers together!
title: The 1-2-random walk: some bijections and a central limit theorem
Creators: name: Berger, Andreas
Publisher: name: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Stochastik
subject: Irrfahrtsproblem
subject: Stochastischer Prozess
subject: Brownsche Bewegung
subject: Konvergenz
subject: 510

description: A deeply researched topic in stochastic is the random walk. The most basic concept considers being at the starting point 0, and going 1 into positive or negative range with 50% probability each. Many problems have been solved for this stochastic process, for example the probability of returning to 0 or the convergence to the Brownian motion. However, this paper considers a modified random walk. Whenever the stochastic process is in non-negative range, the next step will be 1 up or 1 down with probability 1/2 again, and in negative range, the step length will be 2 instead of 1, increasing or decreasing the current value by 2, again with 50% probability each. In any case, there are no more restrictions and the step will be executed independently from previous steps. The problems solved for the classic random walks require other approaches in this modification, the 1-2-random walk. The first chapter of the paper is about basic concepts and briefly goes over the classic random walk. The convergence to the Brownian motion is shown with Donsker's theorem. In the second chapter, after a small detour to the 1-3-random walk (step length 3 in negative range), the 1-2-random walk is introduced. The task is: What is the probability of being in non-negative range for a very high amount of steps (tending to infinity)? For the 1-2-random walk, a bijection between the paths with length n ending in non-negative range and 3n-rectangles tiled into squares with length 1 or 2 is made. The third chapter attempts to find a convergence, like the Brownian motion for the classic random walk. For this purpose, stochastic differential equations are introduced. Some more bijections are made to be able to use Donsker's theorem again. At the end, another bijection considering the tiled 3n-rectangles is made, just to the paths in negative range this time, but they must have n+1 steps this time. Some ideas of solving the problem of the convergence of a generalized random walk are also stated.
trans -2-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)cyclopropylamine and trans -2-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromophenyl)cyclopropylamine as potent agonists for the 5-HT 2 receptor family
Creators: name: Pigott, Adam
name: Roth, Bryan L
name: Huang, Xi-Ping
name: Nichols, David E
name: Frescas, Stewart
name: McCorvy, John D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: A strategy to replace the ethylamine side chain of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI, 1a), and 2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB, 1b) with a cyclopropylamine moiety was successful in leading to compounds with high affinity at the 5-HT2 family of receptors; and the more potent stereoisomer of the cyclopropane analogues had the expected (−)-(1R,2S)-configuration. Screening for affinity at various serotonin receptor subtypes, however, revealed that the cyclopropane congeners also had increased affinity at several sites in addition to the 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptors. Therefore, at appropriate doses – although (−)-4 and (−)-5 may be useful as tools to probe 5-HT2 receptor function – one would need to be mindful that their selectivity for 5-HT2A receptors is somewhat less than for DOI itself.
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and cystatin C are early biomarkers of acute kidney injury associated with cardiac surgery
Creators: name: Larstorp, Anne Cecilie K.
name: Salvador, Cathrin Lytomt
name: Svensvik, Bjørn Andreas
name: Klingenberg, Olav
name: Distante, Sonia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious complication in as much as half of the patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and early diagnosis and treatment are of the utmost importance. There is a need for robust biomarkers that can detect cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI) prior to rise in plasma creatinine, which typically occurs at least 48 h postoperatively. We compared pre- and 4, 12 and 48 h postoperative plasma (P) neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C, urea and creatinine, and urine (U) NGAL, as markers of AKI, in 49 patients (67% men, median age 65 years) scheduled for elective cardiac surgery (e.g. coronary artery bypass graft and/or valve replacement surgery) with the use of extracorporeal circulation. Patients with preoperative sepsis, renal replacement therapy, or estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min/1.73m2 were excluded. P- and U-NGAL were measured using the Roche Modular P (Roche Diagnostics®) NGAL immunoassay. According to AKIN/KDIGO criteria, nine patients (18%) were diagnosed with CSA-AKI. Compared to patients without CSA-AKI, these patients had significantly higher P-NGAL and P-cystatin C values 4 h (p-values .002 and <.001) and 12 h (p-values <.001 and <.001) postoperatively. The same differences were not observed for U-NGAL. Patients with AKI also had significantly higher P-creatinine 4 and 12 h postoperatively (p-values .001 and <.001), however the rise in P-creatinine was just above the upper reference limit. In conclusion, plasma NGAL and cystatin C seem to detect CSA-AKI earlier than the more commonly used biomarkers creatinine and urea.
A review of neurological health disparities in Peru
Creators: name: Diaz M.M.
name: Almubaslat F.
name: Sanchez-Boluarte S.S.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media SA
Year: 2023

description: Peru is a historically unique and culturally diverse Latin American country. As a low-to-middle-income country (LMIC), Peru faces health implications from the spread of communicable diseases as well as a growing rate of noncommunicable diseases, both of which have been worsened by the recent COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on the national health system. Over the past two decades, the country has aimed to improve health access for its population through various efforts described in this review. Despite this, there are notable neurological health disparities that exist today. This narrative review investigates such disparities through the leading neurological contributors to the national burden of disease in the country, including migraine headaches, cerebrovascular disease, and dementia. Public health disparities that contribute to other major neurological diseases in the country, including epilepsy, neurocysticercosis, Chagas disease, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, traumatic and non-traumatic spinal cord injuries are also investigated. We also explore potential solutions for overcoming the various neurological health disparities covered in this review that may be applied through public policies, as well as in similar LMICs in Latin America. By overcoming such disparities, the country may be able to successfully address the major contributors of neurological disease burden and create a healthcare environment that can sustainably and equitably improve health outcomes for Peruvian people.
Hydrodroma monticola Piersig 1906
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydrodromidae
Hydrodroma
Hydrodroma monticola

description: Hydrodroma monticola (Piersig, 1906)
New records: India, Assam State, Basistha stream, 8.xii.2009, leg. Bordoloi, 0/1/0 (1/0/0 mounted).
Records from the study area: Kerala—“ Diplodontus despiciens monticolus “ Walter (1928); Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra—Cook (1967); West Bengal, Maharashtra—Lundblad (1969); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Ponds, lakes, pools of streams.
Distribution: India, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Cobordisms between symplectic fibrations
Creators: name: Geiges, Hansjörg
name: Zehmisch, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D35, 32Q65, 57R17, 57R90

description: We discuss the existence and non-existence of cobordisms between symplectic surface bundles over the circle.
description: 9 pages, v2 includes a proof (suggested by a referee) that the fibre area is a cobordism invariant of spherical symplectic fibrations; v3: minor corrections and changes to the exposition, Section 2.5 added
New mechanism of kinetic exchange interaction induced by strong magnetic anisotropy
Creators: name: Iwahara, Naoya
name: Chibotaru, Liviu F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the kinetic exchange interaction between single-occupied magnetic orbitals (s-s) is always antiferromagnetic, while between single- and double-occupied orbitals (s-d) is always ferromagnetic and much weaker. Here we show that the exchange interaction between strongly anisotropic doublets of lanthanides, actinides and transition metal ions with unquenched orbital momentum contains a new s-d kinetic contribution equal in strength with the s-s one. In non-collinear magnetic systems, this s-d kinetic mechanism can cause an overall ferromagnetic exchange interaction which can become very strong for transition metal ions. These findings are fully confirmed by DFT based analysis of exchange interaction in several Ln$^{3+}$ complexes.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Mind the income gap: bias correction of inequality estimators in small-sized samples
Creators: name: De Nicolò, Silvia
name: Ferrante, Maria Rosaria
name: Pacei, Silvia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: SECS-S/03 Statistica economica

description: Income inequality estimators are biased in small samples, leading generally to an underestimation. This aspect deserves particular attention when estimating inequality in small domains. After investigating the nature of the bias, we propose a bias correction framework for a large class of inequality measures comprising Gini Index, Generalized Entropy and Atkinson index families by accounting for complex survey designs. The proposed methodology is based on Taylor’s expansions and does not require any parametric assumption on income distribution, being very flexible. Design-based performance evaluation of our proposal has been carried out using data taken from the EU-SILC survey, showing a noticeable bias reduction for all the measures. Lastly, a small area estimation exercise shows the risks of ignoring prior bias correction in a basic area-level model, determining model misspecification.
Small area estimation of inequality measures using mixtures of betas
Creators: name: De Nicolò, Silvia
name: Ferrante, Maria Rosaria
name: Pacei, Silvia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: SECS-S/03 Statistica economica

description: Economic inequalities referring to specific regions are crucial in deepening spatial heterogeneity. Income surveys are generally planned to produce reliable estimates at countries or macro region levels, thus we implement a small area model for a set of inequality measures (Gini, Relative Theil and Atkinson indexes) to obtain microregion estimates. Considering that inequality estimators are unit-interval defined with skewed and heavy-tailed distributions, we propose a Bayesian hierarchical model at area level involving a Beta mixture. An application on EU-SILC data is carried out and a design-based simulation is performed. Our model outperforms in terms of bias, coverage and error the standard Beta regression model. Moreover, we extend the analysis of inequality estimators by deriving their approximate variance functions.
Alternaric acid: formal synthesis and related studies
Creators: name: Slade, Michael C
name: Johnson, Jeffrey S
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A silyl glyoxylate three-component-coupling methodology has been exploited to achieve a formal synthesis, an analogue to an intermediate in a distinct formal synthetic route, and a third (unique) approach to the natural product alternaric acid. Highlighted in this study is the versatility of silyl glyoxylates to engage a variety of nucleophile and electrophile pairs to provide wide latitude in the approach to complex molecule synthesis.
A taste of dark matter: Flavour constraints on pseudoscalar mediators
Creators: name: Dolan, Matthew J.
name: Kahlhoefer, Felix
name: McCabe, Christopher
name: Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter interacting via the exchange of a light pseudoscalar can induce observable signals in indirect detection experiments and experience large self-interactions while evading the strong bounds from direct dark matter searches. The pseudoscalar mediator will however induce flavour-changing interactions in the Standard Model, providing a promising alternative way to test these models. We investigate in detail the constraints arising from rare meson decays and fixed target experiments for different coupling structures between the pseudoscalar and Standard Model fermions. The resulting bounds are highly complementary to the information inferred from the dark matter relic density and the constraints from primordial nucleosynthesis. We discuss the implications of our findings for the dark matter self-interaction cross section and the prospects of probing dark matter coupled to a light pseudoscalar with direct or indirect detection experiments. In particular, we find that a pseudoscalar mediator can only explain the Galactic Centre excess if its mass is above that of the B mesons, and that it is impossible to obtain a sufficiently large direct detection cross section to account for the DAMA modulation
description: 35 pages + appendices, 12 figures; v2: minor changes, references added, matches published version; v3: equation (2.8) corrected, discussion updated, conclusions unchanged
Cyclization–endoperoxidation cascade reactions of dienes mediated by a pyrylium photoredox catalyst
Creators: name: Nicewicz, David A
name: Gesmundo, Nathan J
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Triarylpyrylium salts were employed as single electron photooxidants to catalyze a cyclization–endoperoxidation cascade of dienes. The transformation is presumed to proceed via the intermediacy of diene cation radicals. The nature of the diene component was investigated in this context to determine the structural requirements necessary for successful reactivity. Several unique endoperoxide structures were synthesized in yields up to 79%.
A causal inference study: The impact of the combined administration of Donepezil and Memantine on decreasing hospital and emergency department visits of Alzheimer’s disease patients
Creators: name: Rezaie A.
name: Yaghmaei E.
name: Lu H.
name: Pierce A.
name: Ehwerhemuepha L.
name: Patel Y.M.
name: Rakovski C.
name: Sajjadi S.A.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia that currently affects over 6.5 million people in the U.S. Currently there is no cure and the existing drug therapies attempt to delay the mental decline and improve cognitive abilities. Two of the most commonly prescribed such drugs are Donepezil and Memantine. We formally tested and confirmed the presence of a beneficial drug-drug interaction of Donepezil and Memantine using a causal inference analysis. We applied doubly robust estimators to one of the largest and high-quality medical databases to estimate the effect of two commonly prescribed Alzheimer’s disease (AD) medications, Donepezil and Memantine, on the average number of hospital or emergency department visits per year among patients diagnosed with AD. Our results show that, compared to the absence of medication scenario, the Memantine monotherapy, and the Donepezil monotherapy, the combined use of Donepezil and Memantine treatment significantly reduces the average number of hospital or emergency department visits per year by 0.078 (13.8%), 0.144 (25.5%), and 0.132 days (23.4%), respectively. The assessed decline in the average number of hospital or emergency department visits per year is consequently associated with a substantial reduction in medical costs. As of 2022, according to the Alzheimer’s Disease Association, there were over 6.5 million individuals aged 65 and older living with AD in the US alone. If patients who are currently on no drug treatment or using either Donepezil or Memantine alone were switched to the combined used of Donepezil and Memantine therapy, the average number of hospital or emergency department visits could decrease by over 613 thousand visits per year. This, in turn, would lead to a remarkable reduction in medical expenses associated with hospitalization of AD patients in the US, totaling over 940 million dollars per year.
Simultaneous critical values for t -tests in very high dimensions
Creators: name: Kosorok, Michael R.
name: Cao, Hongyuan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: This article considers the problem of multiple hypothesis testing using t-tests. The observed data are assumed to be independently generated conditional on an underlying and unknown two-state hidden model. We propose an asymptotically valid data-driven procedure to find critical values for rejection regions controlling k-family wise error rate (k-FWER), false discovery rate (FDR) and the tail probability of false discovery proportion (FDTP) by using one-sample and two-sample t-statistics. We only require finite fourth moment plus some very general conditions on the mean and variance of the population by virtue of the moderate deviations properties of t-statistics. A new consistent estimator for the proportion of alternative hypotheses is developed. Simulation studies support our theoretical results and demonstrate that the power of a multiple testing procedure can be substantially improved by using critical values directly as opposed to the conventional p-value approach. Our method is applied in an analysis of the microarray data from a leukemia cancer study that involves testing a large number of hypotheses simultaneously.
A role for the androgen-receptor in clinically localized and advanced prostate cancer
Creators: name: Mohler, James L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Earlier studies of androgen-receptor (AR) expression using frozen prostate tissue, and later studies using archived specimens, produced the consensus that ligand-stabilized AR is nuclear, AR expression is similar in benign epithelia and stroma, AR expression is greater in secretory epithelia than basal cells, and AR expression is more variable in prostate cancer (CaP) than in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Accurate measurement of AR expression remains technically challenging but necessary to evaluate the relevance of ARs to clinical CaP. Recent studies demonstrated that AR expression in epithelia and stroma may be prognostic in clinically localized CaP, and AR expression may play a role in racial differences in CaP mortality and predict response to androgen deprivation therapy. High levels of AR and AR-regulated gene expression indicate a central role for AR in growth regulation of castration-recurrent CaP. New treatments for the lethal phenotype of CaP require better understanding of AR transactivation during androgen deprivation therapy.
B-modes and the sound speed of primordial fluctuations
Creators: name: Palma, Gonzalo A.
name: Soto, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was recently shown that a large value of the tensor to scalar ratio $r$ implies a constraint on the minimum value of the sound speed $c_s$ of primordial curvature perturbations during inflation that is stronger than current bounds coming from non-Gaussianity measurements. Here we consider additional aspects related to the measurement of B-modes that may provide additional leverage to constrain the sound speed parametrizing non-canonical models of inflation. We find that a confirmation of the consistency relation $r = -8 n_t$ between the tensor to scalar ratio $r$ and the tensor spectral index $n_t$ is not enough to rule out non-canonical models of inflation with a sound speed $c_s$ different from unity. To determine whether inflation was canonical or not, one requires knowledge of additional parameters, such as the running of the spectral index of scalar perturbations $α$. We also study how other parameters related to the ultra violet completion of inflation modify the dependence of $r$ on $c_s$. For instance, we find that heavy degrees of freedom interacting with curvature fluctuations generically tend to make the constraint on the sound speed stronger. Our results, combined with future observations of primordial B-modes, may help to constrain the background evolution of non-canonical models of inflation.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, v2 version accepted in PRD
Extended beta models for poverty mapping. An application integrating survey and remote sensing data in Bangladesh
Creators: name: De Nicolò, Silvia
name: Fabrizi, Enrico
name: Gardini, Aldo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: SECS-S/03 Statistica economica

description: The paper targets the estimation of the poverty rate at the Upazila level in Bangladesh through the use of Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. Upazilas are administrative regions equivalent to counties or boroughs whose sample sizes are not large enough to provide reliable estimates or are even absent. We tackle this issue by proposing a small area estimation model complementing survey data with remote sensing information at the area level. We specify an Extended Beta mixed regression model within the Bayesian framework, allowing it to accommodate the peculiarities of sample data and to predict out-of-sample rates. In particular, it enables to include estimates equal to either 0 or 1 and to model the strong intra-cluster correlation. We aim at proposing a method that can be implemented by statistical offices as a routine. In this spirit, we consider a regularizing prior for coefficients rather than a model selection approach, to deal with a large number of auxiliary variables. We compare our methods with existing alternatives using a design-based simulation exercise and illustrate its potential with the motivating application.
The R package tipsae: tools for mapping proportions and indicators on the unit interval
Creators: name: De Nicolò, Silvia
name: Gardini, Aldo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: SECS-S/01 Statistica

description: The tipsae package implements a set of small area estimation tools for mapping proportions and indicators defined on the unit interval. It provides for small area models defined at area level, including the classical Beta regression, Zero and/or One Inflated Beta and Flexible Beta ones, possibly accounting for spatial and/or temporal dependency structures. The models, developed within a Bayesian framework, are estimated through Stan language, allowing fast estimation and customized parallel computing. The additional features of the tipsae package, such as diagnostics, visualization and exporting functions as well as variance smoothing and benchmarking functions, improve the user experience through the entire process of estimation, validation and outcome presentation. A Shiny application with a user-friendly interface further eases the implementation of Bayesian models for small area analysis.
The integrity of the esophageal mucosa. Balance between offensive and defensive mechanisms
Creators: name: Orlando, Roy C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Heartburn is the most common and characteristic symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease. It ultimately results from contact of refluxed gastric acid with nociceptors within the esophageal mucosa and transmission of this peripheral signal to the central nervous system for cognition. Healthy esophageal epithelium provides an effective barrier between refluxed gastric acid and esophageal nociceptors; but this barrier is vulnerable to attack and damage, particularly by acidic gastric contents. How gastric acid is countered by defensive elements within the esophageal mucosa is a major focus of this discussion. When the defense is successful, the subject is asymptomatic and when unsuccessful, the subject experiences heartburn. Those with heartburn commonly fall into one of three endoscopic types: nonerosive reflux disease, erosive esophagitis and Barrett's esophagus. Although what determines endoscopic type remains unknown; it is proposed herein that inflammation plays a key, modulating role.
On the $3$-representations of groups and the $2$-categorical Traces
Creators: name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D05, 18D99, 20J99, 20C99

description: To $2$-categorify the theory of group representations, we introduce the notions of the $3$-representation of a group in a strict $3$-category and the strict $2$-categorical action of a group on a strict $2$-category. We also $2$-categorify the concept of the trace by introducing the $2$-categorical trace of a $1$-endomorphism in a strict $3$-category. For a $3$-representation $ρ$ of a group $G$ and an element $f$ of $G$, the $2$-categorical trace $\mathbb{T}r_2 ρ_f $ is a category. Moreover, the centralizer of $f$ in $G$ acts categorically on this $2$-categorical trace. We construct the induced strict $2$-categorical action of a finite group, and show that the $2$-categorical trace $ \mathbb{T}r_2$ takes an induced strict $2$-categorical action into an induced categorical action of the initia groupoid. As a corollary, we get the $3$-character formula of the induced strict $2$-categorical action.
description: the final version
IPBES Invasive Alien Species Assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.3.1.3: Creation of anthropogenic corridors
Creators: name: Koyama, Asuka
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.3.1.3 assesses the role of creation of anthropogenic corridors as drivers of biological invasions in Chapter 3 of IPBES thematic assessment of invasive alien species and their control. The experts conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review consists in the main source of evidence for the section.
The effect of natural disasters on tourism demand, supply and labour markets: Evidence from La Palma volcano eruption
Creators: name: Leoni, Veronica
name: Boto-García, David
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2022
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: This paper studies the short-term impact of a volcano eruption on tourism demand, supply, and hospitality labour in La Palma (Spain), an island economy that is highly dependent on the tourism sector. Based on a monthly panel dataset at the touristic zone level, we use Seemingly-Unrelated Difference-in-Differences (SUR-DiD) to identify the distinct responses of these three outcomes during and post eruption. Potential spillover effects on nearby islands are also examined. We find that, in La Palma Island, the volcano produced significant but asymmetrical drops in international demand, number of hotels and hospitality workers both during and after the eruption.
Environmental and infectious factors in eosinophilic esophagitis
Creators: name: Dellon, Evan S.
name: Jensen, Elizabeth T.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Identifying possible environmental or infectious etiologic factors for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) may offer insight into opportunities for disease prevention and treatment. We reviewed the current literature to assess environmental and infectious factors evaluated in EoE. Few studies have been conducted, however a consistent inverse association between EoE and H. pylori has been described. Several studies suggest a weak association between season and EoE diagnosis, but the evidence is inconclusive. EoE has also been associated with early life factors, including Cesarean delivery and antibiotic use. Larger studies are needed to evaluate these associations more thoroughly. Several papers have speculated the potential for anti-secretory agents to contribute to EoE. This has not been formerly evaluated. In summary, there is significant opportunity in the future to advance our understanding of possible environmental etiologic factors for EoE.