cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Constraining the Structure of GRB Jets Through the log(N)-log(S) Distribution
Creators: name: Guetta, Dafne
name: Granot, Jonathan
name: Begelman, Mitchell C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A general formalism is developed for calculating the luminosity function and the expected number $N$ of observed GRBs above a peak photon flux $S$ for any GRB jet structure. This new formalism directly provides the true GRB rate without the need for a `correction factor'. We apply it to the uniform jet (UJ) and universal structured jet (USJ) models for the structure of GRB jets and perform fits to the observed log(N)-log(S) distribution from the GUSBAD catalog which contains 2204 BATSE bursts. A core angle $θ_c$ and an outer edge at $θ_{max}$ are introduced for the structured jet, and a finite range of half-opening angles $θ_{min}\leqθ_j\leqθ_{max}$ is assumed for the uniform jets. The efficiency $ε_γ$ for producing gamma-rays, and the energy per solid angle $ε$ in the jet are allowed to vary with $θ_j$ (the viewing angle $θ_{obs}$) in the UJ (USJ) model, $ε_γ\proptoθ^{-b}$ and $ε\proptoθ^{-a}$. We find that a single power-law luminosity function provides a good fit to the data. Such a luminosity function arises naturally in the USJ model, while in the UJ model it implies a power-law probability distribution for $θ_j$, $P(θ_j)\proptoθ_j^{-q}$. The value of $q$ cannot be directly determined from the fit to the observed log(N)-log(S) distribution, and an additional assumption on the value of $a$ or $b$ is required. Alternatively, an independent estimate of the true GRB rate would enable one to determine $a$, $b$ and $q$. The implied values of $θ_c$ (or $θ_{min}$) and $θ_{max}$ are close to the current observational limits. The true GRB rate for the USJ model is found to be $R_{GRB}(z=0)=0.86^{+0.14}_{-0.05} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}$.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ
Agricultural Value Chains in Developing Countries A Framework for Analysis
Creators: name: Trienekens, Jacques H.
name: Trienekens, Jacques H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Developing country value chains
subject: research framework
subject: upgrading

description: The paper presents a framework for developing country value chain analysis made up of three components. The first consists of identifying major constraints for value chain upgrading: market access restrictions, weak infrastructures, lacking resources and institutional voids. In the second component three elements of a value chain are defined: value addition, horizontal and vertical chain-network structure and value chain governance mechanisms. Finally, upgrading options are defined in the area of value addition, including the search for markets, the value chain- network structure and the governance form of the chain. Part of this component is the identification of the most suitable partnerships for upgrading the value chain. The three components of the framework are derived from major theoretical streams on inter-company relationships and from the literature on developing country value chains. The framework is applied in a case example of a developing country value chain.
description: www.ifama.org
A Novel Configuration Enabling Organisms to Survive through Electrical Energy: Driving ATP Synthetase by Alternating Electric Field
Creators: name: Jiayuan, Zhang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: alternating electric field; ATP synthetase; polarity

description: Alternating electric field can drive polar molecule to rotate, for instance, microwave oven works by rotating water molecules in the food. In analogy, if the rotor of ATP synthetase has polarity, then can it be driven by alternating electric field or electromagnetic wave to produce ATP?
Existence of Multistring Solutions of the Self-Gravitating Massive $W-$Boson
Creators: name: Chae, Dongho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35J45, 35J60, 37K40, 70S15

description: We consider a semilinear elliptic system which include the model system of the $W-$strings in the cosmology as a special case. We prove existence of multi-string solutions and obtain precise asymptotic decay estimates near infinity for the solutions. As a special case of this result we solve an open problem posed in \cite{yan}
description: 12 pages
Science Policy Memo Writing 101
Creators: name: Bankston, Adriana
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2021

description: This presentation was given on March 22, 2021 as part of the HBCU Science Policy College Tour, organized by Howard University Science Policy Association, Morehouse School of Medicine Science Policy Group, and the National Science Policy Network. It covered basics of science policy memo writing and provided opportunities for writing practice.
A self-referred approach to lacunarity
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Erbe P.
name: Barbosa, Marconi S.
name: Costa, Luciano da F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This letter describes an approach to lacunarity which adopts the pattern under analysis as the reference for the sliding window procedure. The superiority of such a scheme with respect to more traditional methodologies, especially when dealing with finite-size objects, is established and illustrated through applications to DLA pattern characterization. It is also shown that, given the enhanced accuracy and sensitivity of this scheme, the shape of the window becomes an important parameter, with advantage for circular windows.
Strategic Group Analysis of U.S. Food Businesses Using the Two-step Clustering Method
Creators: name: Johnson, Aaron J.
name: Johnson, Heather C.
name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Foltz, John C.
name: Johnson, Aaron J.
name: Johnson, Heather C.
name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Foltz, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: strategic group
subject: planning
subject: strategy
subject: performance

description: Utilizing strategic group analysis, this study classifies food businesses based on their propensity toward the different generic strategies and planning intensity. Data from a national survey was analyzed using the two-step clustering method. The resultant three groups are profiled based on their generic strategies and planning efforts, as well as their planning flexibility, view of industry volatility (dynamism), strategic emphasis on innovation, innovation, size, experience and financial performance. Managerial implications are made for each of these groups based on the profiles.
description: www.ifama.org
Coherent control of acoustic phonons in a silica fiber using a multi-GHz optical frequency comb
Creators: name: Endo, Mamoru
name: Kimura, Shota
name: Tani, Shuntaro
name: Kobayashi, Yohei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi-gigahertz mechanical vibrations stemming from interactions between light fields and matter, also known as acoustic phonons, have long been a subject of study. In recent years, specially designed functional devices have been developed to enhance the light-matter interaction strength, since the excitation of acoustic phonons by a continuous wave laser alone is insufficient. However, with such structure-dependent enhancements, the strength of the interaction cannot be aptly and instantly controlled. We propose a new technique to control the effective interaction strength, which is not via the material structure in the spatial domain, as with the above-mentioned specially designed functional devices, but through the structure of light in the time domain. Here we show the effective excitation and coherent control of acoustic phonons in a single-mode fiber using an optical frequency comb by tailoring the optical pulse train. We believe this work represents an important step towards "comb-matter interactions."
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Masses of light mesons in the relativistic quark model
Creators: name: Ebert, D.
name: Faustov, R. N.
name: Galkin, V. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The masses of the S-wave mesons consisting of the light (u,d,s) quarks are calculated within the constituent quark model. The relativistic Schroedinger-like equation with a confining potential is numerically solved for the complete relativistic q bar q potential including both spin-independent and spin-dependent terms. The obtained masses of the ground-state pi, rho, K, K* and phi mesons and their first radial excitations are in reasonably good overall agreement with experimental data.
description: 6 pages
Determinants of Willingness to Purchase Organic Food: An Exploratory Study Using Structural Equation Modeling
Creators: name: Voon, Thomas Jan P.
name: Ngui, Kwang Sing
name: Agrawal, Anand
name: Voon, Thomas Jan P.
name: Ngui, Kwang Sing
name: Agrawal, Anand
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: organic food
subject: management
subject: SEM

description: The global organic food market has grown tremendously over the past decade. The present study investigated the determinants of willingness to purchase organic food among consumers in a Malaysian city, using a questionnaire survey. The Theory of Planned Behavior informed the research framework and hypotheses. Using structural equation modeling, attitude, subjective norms and affordability (behavioral control) were modeled to impact intention or willingness to pay (WTP) for organic food. WTP in turn predicted actual purchase. Attitude and subjective norms exerted significant positive effects on WTP while the effect of affordability was not significant. Attitude further impacted subjective norms and affordability, thus indicating that efforts to promote consumption growth should focus on influencing consumer attitudes.
description: www.ifama.org
All Supplementary Figure Captions and Table Legends from Ant cuticular hydrocarbons are heritable and associated with variation in colony productivity
Creators: name: Walsh, Justin
name: Pontieri, Luigi
name: D'Ettorre, Patrizia
name: Linksvayer, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology

description: All Supplementary Figure Captions and Table Legends
Consumer Preferences for Fruit and Vegetables with Credence-Based Attributes: A Review
Creators: name: Moser, Riccarda
name: Raffaelli, Roberta
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
name: Moser, Riccarda
name: Raffaelli, Roberta
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: credence goods
subject: consumer preferences and attitudes
subject: sustainable fruit and vegetables
subject: consumer research.

description: The food marketing sector is responding to an increased level of interest to consumer demand for products with an increasingly wide array of attributes. As evidence, there has been double digit proliferation of offerings in the produce section of retailers on an annual basis. Differentiation claims include factors related to experiential eating quality as well as credence attributes related to environmental and other social outcomes. To establish the overall importance and willingness to purchase and/or to pay for such foods, a summary of selected studies on such credence attributes and a critique of the research methodologies encountered in those studies may be informative. This study aims to identify and rank a number of attributes, focusing on how their statistical significance across consumer studies of fresh produce buying decisions.
description: www.ifama.org
Charged lepton-nucleus inelastic scattering at high energies
Creators: name: Kuzmin, K. S.
name: Lokhtin, K. S.
name: Sinegovsky, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The composite model is constructed to describe inelastic high-energy scattering of muons and taus in standard rock. It involves photonuclear interactions at low $Q^2$ as well as moderate $Q^2$ processes and the deep inelastic scattering (DIS). In the DIS region the neutral current contribution is taken into consideration. Approximation formulas both for the muons and tau energy loss in standard rock are presented for wide energy range.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Presented at 19th European Cosmic Ray Symposium (ECRS 2004), Florence, Italy, 30 Aug - 3 Sep 2004. Submitted to Int.J.Mod.Phys.A
Equiaffine braneworld
Creators: name: Zhang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher dimensional theories, wherein our four dimensional universe is immersed into a bulk ambient, have received much attention recently, and the direction of investigation had, as far as we can discern, all followed the ordinary Euclidean hypersurface theory's isometric immersion recipe, with the spacetime metric being induced by an ambient parent. We note in this paper that the indefinite signature of the Lorentzian metric perhaps hints at the lesser known equiaffine hypersurface theory as being a possibly more natural, i.e., less customized beyond minimal mathematical formalism, description of our universe's extrinsic geometry. In this alternative, the ambient is deprived of a metric, and the spacetime metric becomes conformal to the second fundamental form of the ordinary theory, therefore is automatically indefinite for hyperbolic shapes. Herein, we advocate investigations in this direction by identifying some potential physical benefits to enlisting the help of equiaffine differential geometry.
description: 6 pages
The Nature of Agribusiness Management Research
Creators: name: Conforte, Daniel
name: Conforte, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: agribusiness
subject: management
subject: research

description: What do we do, when we do agribusiness management research? Who do we serve and how is it different than research in other management fields? What disciplines influence our work? Is there a unique body of agribusiness theory? In an attempt to answer these questions I conducted a very pedestrian exploratory study.
Assessing the impact of translation guidelines in Wikipedia
Creators: name: Gongora Goloubintseff, Jose Gustavo
Publisher: name: University of Manchester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Translation and interpretation studies

description: Wikipedia is a multilingual, user-driven online encyclopaedia available in 325 languages and language varieties. Such linguistic diversity has drawn the attention of translation scholars over the past decade. Previous research has addressed, among other issues, the quality of translated Wikipedia entries, the motivations driving editors-translators, and the taxing negotiations behind editorial changes. Nevertheless, the processes underpinning translation practices in the encyclopaedia have often been overlooked. Consequently, this paper adopts a praxeological approach to translation by analysing documented standards across four Wikipedia language communities and the extent to which 16 experienced translators have assimilated them. The findings suggest that Wikipedia guidelines on translation have slight but tangible differences across the communities under investigation. Moreover, the interview data showed a tendency among participants to attach more importance to cross-wiki editing policies than to any local translation guidelines. This preference ultimately reinforces previous claims that translation and editing in Wikipedia form a continuum.
Welfare state policies and far right party support: moderating ‘insecurity effects' among different social groups
Creators: name: Vlandas, Tim
name: Halikiopoulou, Daphne
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This article examines the interplay between social risks, welfare state policies and far right voting. Distinguishing between compensatory and protective policies and using data from seven waves of the European Social Survey (ESS) and social policy datasets, the article tests a range of hypotheses about the extent to which welfare state policies moderate the insecurities that drive particular social groups to vote for the far right. Empirical findings confirm theoretical expectations that several welfare state policies reduce the likelihood of supporting the far right among individuals exposed to high risks including the unemployed, pensioners, low-income workers, employees on temporary contracts, individuals in large families, and individuals who are disabled/permanently sick. These findings suggest that in order to understand why some individuals vote for the far right, one should not only focus on their risk-driven grievances, but also on policies that may moderate these risks.
A closer look at the role of the fruit and vegetable planting restriction provision on land use in the United States
Creators: name: Lei, Lei
name: Rickard, Bradley J.
name: Balagtas, Joseph Valdes
name: Krissoff, Barry
name: Lei, Lei
name: Rickard, Bradley J.
name: Balagtas, Joseph Valdes
name: Krissoff, Barry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Land Economics/Use

description: Current U.S. farm programs make payments to farmers based in part on historical base acres planted in particular program crops such as corn, soybeans, cotton, wheat and soybeans. Eligibility for payments includes regulations on the crops allowed to be grown on base acres, and there are restrictions on planting horticultural crops on such base acres. The fruits and planting restriction on base acres has potentially influenced the number of acres planted to fruits and vegetables over the past two decades. This research carefully examines the effects of planting restrictions applied to vegetables and program crops, using county-level data in the United States in 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. The paper employs the difference-indifference (DiD) approach to estimate acreage response to planting restrictions. The results show planting restrictions crowded out land used for growing fruits and vegetables, most notably in the Great Lakes region that produces processing vegetables.
Analyzing the Economics Values of An Alternative Preprocessing Facility in the Biomass Feedstocks - Biorefinery Supply Chain
Creators: name: Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward)
name: Larson, James A.
name: Gao, Yuan
name: English, Burton C.
name: Yu, Tun-Hsiang (Edward)
name: Larson, James A.
name: Gao, Yuan
name: English, Burton C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Biomass feedstock
subject: cellulosic biofuel
subject: logistic costs
subject: preprocessing technology

description: It is generally believed that preprocessing procedure can reduce the transportation and storage costs of biomass feedstock for biofuel production by condensing the feedstock’s size. However, the capital costs of preprocessing facilities could be significant in the feedstock logistics system. Applying a GIS and mixed-integer mathematical programming model, this study evaluates the economic values of a preprocessing technology, stretch‐wrap baling, in the biomass feedstock supply chain for a potential commercial-scale switchgrass biorefinery in East Tennessee. Preliminary results suggest that the stretch-wrap baling equipment outperforms the conventional hay harvest methods in terms of total delivered costs. Although the densification process involves additional capital and operation costs, the total delivered costs of switchgrass for a 25- million-gallon per year biorefinery in the preprocessing system is 12% − 21% lower than various logistic methods using conventional hay equipments.
What is Probability?
Creators: name: Saunders, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Probabilities may be subjective or objective; we are concerned with both kinds of probability, and the relationship between them. The fundamental theory of objective probability is quantum mechanics: it is argued that neither Bohr's Copenhagen interpretation, nor the pilot-wave theory, nor stochastic state-reduction theories, give a satisfactory answer to the question of what objective probabilities are in quantum mechanics, or why they should satisfy the Born rule; nor do they give any reason why subjective probabilities should track objective ones. But it is shown that if probability only arises with decoherence, then they must be given by the Born rule. That further, on the Everett interpretation, we have a clear statement of what probabilities are, in terms of purely categorical physical properties; and finally, along lines recently laid out by Deutsch and Wallace, that there is a clear basis in the axioms of decision theory as to why subjective probabilities should track these objective ones. These results hinge critically on the absence of hidden-variables or any other mechanism (such as state-reduction) from the physical interpretation of the theory. The account of probability has traditionally been considered the principal weakness of the Everett interpretation; on the contrary it emerges as one of its principal strengths.
description: 28 pages
Dark Radiation from Inflationary Fluctuations
Creators: name: Krnjaic, Gordan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light new vector bosons can be produced gravitationally through quantum fluctuations during inflation; if these particles are feebly coupled and cosmologically metastable, they can account for the observed dark matter abundance. However, in minimal anomaly free $U(1)$ extensions to the Standard Model, these vectors generically decay to neutrinos if at least one neutrino mass eigenstate is sufficiently light. If these decays occur between neutrino decoupling and CMB freeze out, the resulting radiation energy density can contribute to $ΔN_{\rm eff}$ at levels that can ameliorate the Hubble tension and be discovered with future CMB and relic neutrino detection experiments. Since the additional neutrinos are produced from vector decays after BBN, this scenario predicts $ΔN_{\rm eff} > 0$ at recombination, but $ΔN_{\rm eff} = 0$ during BBN. Furthermore, due to a fortuitous cancellation, the contribution to $ΔN_{\rm eff}$ is approximately mass independent.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Expanded discussion of PTOLEMY signals, conclusions unchanged. Matches published version
Solidification of a rivulet: shape and temperature fields
Creators: name: Huerre, Axel
name: Monier, Antoine
name: Séon, Thomas
name: Josserand, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The freezing of a water rivulet begins with a water thread flowing over a very cold surface, is naturally followed by the growth of an ice layer and ends up with a water rivulet flowing on a static thin ice wall. The structure of this final ice layer presents a surprising linear shape that thickens with the distance. This paper presents a theoretical model and experimental characterisation of the ice growth dynamics, the final ice shape and the temperature fields. In a first part, we establish a 2D model, based on the advection-diffusion heat equations, that allows us to predict the shape of the ice structure and the temperature fields in both the water and the ice. Then, we study experimentally the formation of the ice layer and we show that both the transient dynamics and the final shape are well captured by the model. In a last part, we characterise experimentally the temperature fields in the ice and in the water, using an infrared camera. The model shows an excellent agreement with the experimental fields. In particular, it predicts well the linear decrease of the water surface temperature observed along the plane, confirming that the final ice shape is a consequence of the interaction between the thermal boundary layer and the free surface.
Multiplicity of positive solutions for $(p,q)$-Laplace equations with two parameters
Creators: name: Bobkov, Vladimir
name: Tanaka, Mieko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P30, 35B09, 35B32, 35B34, 35J62, 35J20

description: We study the zero Dirichlet problem for the equation $-Δ_p u -Δ_q u = α|u|^{p-2}u+β|u|^{q-2}u$ in a bounded domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$, with $1
description: 22 pages, 3 figures. Minor textual corrections. Published in Communications in Contemporary Mathematics
TeV neutrinos from core collapse supernovae and hypernovae
Creators: name: Razzaque, Soebur
name: Meszaros, Peter
name: Waxman, Eli
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fraction of core collapse supernovae of type Ib/c are associated with Gamma-ray bursts, which are thought to produce highly relativistic jets. Recently, it has been hypothesized that a larger fraction of core collapse supernovae produce slower jets, which may contribute to the disruption and ejection of the supernova envelope, and explain the unusually energetic hypernovae. We explore the TeV neutrino signatures expected from such slower jets, and calculate the expected detection rates with upcoming Gigaton Cherenkov experiments. We conclude that individual jetted SNe may be detectable from nearby galaxies.
description: 4 pages 2 figures. Modified from the published version. Errors in Eqs. 2, 3, 5 are corrected and predicted neutrino event rates are modified accordingly. The conclusions for the diffuse flux remain unchanged, and those for individual nearby sources are strengthened
Strangelet propagation and cosmic ray flux
Creators: name: Madsen, Jes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The galactic propagation of cosmic ray strangelets is described and the resulting flux is calculated for a wide range of parameters as a prerequisite for strangelet searches in lunar soil and with an Earth orbiting magnetic spectrometer, AMS-02. While the inherent uncertainties are large, flux predictions at a measurable level are obtained for reasonable choices of parameters if strange quark matter is absolutely stable. This allows a direct test of the strange matter hypothesis.
description: Published version
αβService : an asynchronous parallel tree search service for ChessGrid
Creators: name: Pramanik, Sukanta
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The performance of game playing programs depends heavily on the strength of the search algorithm used. As such, several research activities have been conducted to speed up game tree search algorithms by using parallel machines. Most of these algorithms are targeted towards shared memory models or tightly coupled systems. In recent years, the rapid progress of Grid computing has led to finding a Grid solution to difficult computational problems. To ensure interoperability among diverse computational resources in the Grid, Service Oriented Architecture is used to achieve loose coupling among interacting software agents, known as services. Finding an efficient tree search algorithm in this new paradigm is a challenging problem. This thesis proposes a new service oriented algorithm, called αβService, which targets loosely coupled systems. It creates a tree of services to search the game tree concurrently. The necessity of synchronization points is eliminated with a notification mechanism, enabling the concurrently running services to continue their asynchronous search without waiting for others to finish. The αβService is implemented as a Grid service in Globus using Globus Toolkit 3. The service is deployed to create a ChessGrid testbed and experiments are conducted with a branching factor controlled test suite which demonstrates an average speedup of 2.61 with six machines.
A New Intrusion Detection System using the Improved Dendritic Cell Algorithm
Creators: name: Farzadnia, Ehsan
name: Shirazi, Hossein
name: Nowroozi, Alireza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6
subject: 68Q07

description: The Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) as one of the emerging evolutionary algorithms is based on the behavior of the specific immune agents; known as Dendritic Cells (DCs). DCA has several potentially beneficial features for binary classification problems. In this paper, we aim at providing a new version of this immune-inspired mechanism acts as a semi-supervised classifier which can be a defensive shield in network intrusion detection problem. Till now, no strategy or idea has already been adopted on the GetAntigen() function on detection phase, but randomly sampling entails the DCA to provide undesirable results in several cycles in each time. This leads to uncertainty. Whereas it must be accomplished by biological behaviors of DCs in tissues, we have proposed a novel strategy which exactly acts based on its immunological functionalities of dendritic cells. The proposed mechanism focuses on two items: First, to obviate the challenge of needing to have a preordered antigen set for computing danger signal, and the second, to provide a novel immune-inspired idea in order to non-random data sampling. A variable functional migration threshold is also computed cycle by cycle that shows necessity of the Migration threshold (MT) flexibility. A significant criterion so called capability of intrusion detection (CID) used for tests. All of the tests have been performed in a new benchmark dataset named UNSW-NB15. Experimental consequences demonstrate that the present schema dominates the standard DCA and has higher CID in comparison with other approaches found in literature.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Conformal Null Infinity Does Not Exist for Radiating Solutions in Odd Spacetime Dimensions
Creators: name: Hollands, Stefan
name: Wald, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for general relativity in odd spacetime dimensions greater than 4, all components of the unphysical Weyl tensor for arbitrary smooth, compact spatial support perturbations of Minkowski spacetime fail to be smooth at null infinity at leading nonvanishing order. This implies that for nearly flat radiating spacetimes, the non-smoothness of the unphysical metric at null infinity manifests itself at the same order as it describes deviations from flatness of the physical metric. Therefore, in odd spacetime dimensions, it does not appear that conformal null infinity can be in any way useful for describing radiation.
description: Latex, 8 pages, no figures
PERSPECTIVAS PARA O SETOR SUCROALCOOLEIRO BRASILEIRO NOS PROGRAMAS DE ÁLCOOL COMBUSTÍVEL DA UNIÃO EUROPÉIA, JAPÃO E BRASIL
Creators: name: Figueira, Sergio Rangel
name: Burnquist, Heloisa Lee
name: Figueira, Sergio Rangel
name: Burnquist, Heloisa Lee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Álcool
subject: Brasil
subject: Japão e União Européia
subject: Ethanol
subject: Japan
subject: European Union and Brazil

description: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo delinear cenários para o consumo de álcool utilizado como combustível no Japão, nas maiores economias da União Européia (Alemanha, França, Itália, Reino Unido), mercados com potencial para serem grandes importadores de álcool combustível brasileiro, considerando-se um horizonte até o ano de 2012. Efetua-se também uma comparação entre o potencial de importação destes mercados com o mercado doméstico brasileiro. O Japão é o país desenvolvido com maior potencial para se tornar um grande importador de álcool brasileiro. No cenário mais otimista apresentou-se a possibilidade de consumo de aproximadamente 6,5 bilhões de litros. Na União Européia, o cenário mais otimista de consumo seria da ordem de 1,36 bilhões de litros. Projetou-se, ainda, o consumo de álcool anidro e hidratado no Brasil, o mercado doméstico apresenta o maior potencial de demanda para o setor sucroalcooleiro brasileiro, podendo atingir 17,4 bilhões de litros.---------------------------------------------The present work had as objective to delineate scenes for the consumption of ethanol used as combustible in Japan, in the biggest economies of the European Union (Germany, France, Italy, the United kingdom), markets with potential to be great Brazilian combustible alcohol importers, considering a horizon until the year of 2012. A comparison is also effected enters the potential of importation of these markets with the Brazilian domestic market. Japan is the developed country, analysed, with bigger potential to become a great Brazilian importer of ethanol. In the scene most optimistical it was presented approximately possibility of consumption of 6,5 billion liters. In the European Union, the consumption scene most optimistical would be of the order of 1,36 billion liters. It was projected, still, the consumption of alcohol in Brazil, the Brazilian market as being the biggest potential market with respect to the Brazilian producers of alcohol, being able to reach 17,4 billion liters.
Unified Representation Learning for Efficient Medical Image Analysis
Creators: name: Zamzmi, Ghada
name: Rajaraman, Sivaramakrishnan
name: Antani, Sameer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Medical image analysis typically includes several tasks such as enhancement, segmentation, and classification. Traditionally, these tasks are implemented using separate deep learning models for separate tasks, which is not efficient because it involves unnecessary training repetitions, demands greater computational resources, and requires a relatively large amount of labeled data. In this paper, we propose a multi-task training approach for medical image analysis, where individual tasks are fine-tuned simultaneously through relevant knowledge transfer using a unified modality-specific feature representation (UMS-Rep). We explore different fine-tuning strategies to demonstrate the impact of the strategy on the performance of target medical image tasks. We experiment with different visual tasks (e.g., image denoising, segmentation, and classification) to highlight the advantages offered with our approach for two imaging modalities, chest X-ray and Doppler echocardiography. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach reduces the overall demand for computational resources and improves target task generalization and performance. Further, our results prove that the performance of target tasks in medical images is highly influenced by the utilized fine-tuning strategy.
Concurrence of mixed multi-partite quantum states
Creators: name: Mintert, Florian
name: Kus, Marek
name: Buchleitner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose generalizations of concurrence for multi-partite quantum systems that can distinguish qualitatively distinct quantum correlations. All introduced quantities can be evaluated efficiently for arbitrary mixed sates.
Fast and Accurate Estimation of Non-Nested Binomial Hierarchical Models Using Variational Inference
Creators: name: Goplerud, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Non-linear hierarchical models are commonly used in many disciplines. However, inference in the presence of non-nested effects and on large datasets is challenging and computationally burdensome. This paper provides two contributions to scalable and accurate inference. First, I derive a new mean-field variational algorithm for estimating binomial logistic hierarchical models with an arbitrary number of non-nested random effects. Second, I propose "marginally augmented variational Bayes" (MAVB) that further improves the initial approximation through a step of Bayesian post-processing. I prove that MAVB provides a guaranteed improvement in the approximation quality at low computational cost and induces dependencies that were assumed away by the initial factorization assumptions. I apply these techniques to a study of voter behavior using a high-dimensional application of the popular approach of multilevel regression and post-stratification (MRP). Existing estimation took hours whereas the algorithms proposed run in minutes. The posterior means are well-recovered even under strong factorization assumptions. Applying MAVB further improves the approximation by partially correcting the under-estimated variance. The proposed methodology is implemented in an open source software package.
description: Accepted version available at DOI below; corrected small typos
Arbitrarily accurate composite pulses
Creators: name: Brown, Kenneth
name: Harrow, Aram
name: Chuang, Isaac
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systematic errors in quantum operations can be the dominating source of imperfection in achieving control over quantum systems. This problem, which has been well studied in nuclear magnetic resonance, can be addressed by replacing single operations with composite sequences of pulsed operations, which cause errors to cancel by symmetry. Remarkably, this can be achieved without knowledge of the amount of error epsilon. Independent of the initial state of the system, current techniques allow the error to be reduced to O(epsilon^3). Here, we extend the composite pulse technique to cancel errors to O(epsilon^n), for arbitrary n.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Construction of control barrier function and $C^2$ reference trajectory for constrained attitude maneuvers
Creators: name: Tan, Xiao
name: Dimarogonas, Dimos V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Constrained attitude maneuvers have numerous applications in robotics and aerospace. In our previous work, a general framework to this problem was proposed with resolution completeness guarantee. However, a smooth reference trajectory and a low-level safety-critical controller were lacking. In this work, we propose a novel construction of a $C^2$ continuous reference trajectory based on Bézier curves on $ SO(3) $ that evolves within predetermined cells and eliminates previous stop-and-go behavior. Moreover, we propose a novel zeroing control barrier function on $ SO(3) $ that provides a safety certificate over a set of overlapping cells on $ SO(3) $ while avoiding nonsmooth analysis. The safety certificate is given as a linear constraint on the control input and implemented in real-time. A remedy is proposed to handle the states where the coefficient of the control input in the linear constraint vanishes. Numerical simulations are given to verify the advantages of the proposed method.
description: Extended version of an accepted paper at IEEE CDC 2020
Shrinkage of cane (Arundo donax L.) II Effect of drying condition on the intensity of cell collapse
Creators: name: Obataya, Eiichi
name: Gril, Joseph
name: Perré, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To improve the drying method in the manufacture of woodwind reeds, green canes (Arundo donax L.) were dried under various humidity-temperature conditions and the intensity of cell collapse was evaluated from the swelling due to steaming involving the recovery of collapse. At 30 C, the intensity of collapse was increased by slower drying. It was considered that: 1) slower drying resulted in higher sample temperature in the early stage of drying to increase the collapse; 2) rapid drying stiffened the surface of sample and such "shell" prohibited the following collapse; 3) slower drying i.e. longer loading of liquid tension caused more remarkable and/or frequent viscoelastic yields of cells. Consequently the intensity of collapse increased when the cane was dried from its waxy outer surface or in the presence of node: both of them retarded the drying. On the other hand, higher drying temperature caused greater intensity of collapse in spite of faster drying. It was suggested that the thermal softening of cane cells leads to easier yield of the cell wall, at the same time the rapid drying does not allow the recovery of collapse after the disappearance of free water. These results indicated that faster drying at lower temperature is preferable for drying cane with less collapse.
description: Will be published in J. Wood Sci. (Japanese wood research society) - follows part I: J. Wood Sci. 50 : 295-300
ABERTURA COMERCIAL: COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE SIMULAÇÕES DE DIFERENTES MODELOS DE EQUILÍBRIO GERAL COMPUTÁVEL
Creators: name: Correa, Ludmila Macedo
name: Brandão, Antônio Salazar P.
name: Correa, Ludmila Macedo
name: Brandão, Antônio Salazar P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: liberalização comercial
subject: liberalização do setor agrícola e modelos de equilíbrio geral computável
subject: trade liberalization
subject: agricultural sector’s liberalization and Computable General Equilibrium model

description: O comércio internacional é marcado pelo elevado nível de protecionismo, contrariando o teorema das vantagens comparativas. A agricultura é o setor mais atingido, devido à existência, além de elevadas tarifas, de outros mecanismos de proteção comercial que fortalecem ainda mais as distorções do comércio internacional. Levando em conta a necessidade dos negociadores e governantes em informações robustas sobre o efeito da liberalização, o presente trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo entre simulações de liberalização total e parcial utilizando diferentes modelos de equilíbrio geral computável. Com isso, foi possível identificar as convergências e divergências dos resultados, discernindo o que existe de robusto nesse assunto, e quais características dos modelos levam a conclusões distintas.----------------------------------------------International trade is determined by a high level of protectionism, contradicting the theorem of comparative advantage. Agriculture is the most sensible sector, due to, beyond high duties, other trade protection devices that strengthen even more the international trade distortions. Regard traders and government necessities of solid information about liberalization’s effects, in the present work a confrontation between simulations of total and partial liberalization was accomplished, using distinct Computable General Equilibrium model. Herewith, it was possible to identify the convergences and divergences of the results, distinguishing the robustness and characteristics of the models that leads to different conclusions.
Complementarity and Scientific Rationality
Creators: name: Saunders, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bohr's interpretation of quantum mechanics has been criticized as incoherent and opportunistic, and based on doubtful philosophical premises. If so Bohr's influence, in the pre-war period of 1927-1939, is the harder to explain, and the acceptance of his approach to quantum mechanics over de Broglie's had no reasonable foundation. But Bohr's interpretation changed little from the time of its first appearance, and stood independent of any philosophical presuppositions. The principle of complementarity is itself best read as a conjecture of unusually wide scope, on the nature and future course of explanations in the sciences (and not only the physical sciences). If it must be judged a failure today, it is not because of any internal inconsistency.
description: 29 pages
SOBRE A QUEDA DA POBREZA E DA DESIGUALDADE NO AGRÍCOLA/RURAL BRASILEIRO: UMA ANÁLISE EXPLORATÓRIA ENTRE 1992 E 2006
Creators: name: Figueiredo, Nelly Maria Sansigolo De
name: Helfand, Steven M.
name: Correa, Angela Maria Cassavia Jorge
name: Branchi, Bruna
name: Figueiredo, Nelly Maria Sansigolo De
name: Helfand, Steven M.
name: Correa, Angela Maria Cassavia Jorge
name: Branchi, Bruna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Desigualdade
subject: Pobreza
subject: Agricultura
subject: Inequality
subject: poverty
subject: agriculture

description: Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar a evolução da renda, da pobreza e da desigualdade na agricultura brasileira a partir dos anos 1990, por Unidade da Federação (UF). Especificamente visa: determinar a velocidade da queda da pobreza nesse período; avaliar os relacionamentos entre renda, pobreza e desigualdade; identificar a existência de padrões específicos, segundo as UF e cortes populacionais, definidos com base em critérios de origem principal da renda do domicílio (atividades agrícolas e não agrícolas) e local da residência (rural ou urbana). Como hipótese de trabalho considera-se que o conjunto de observações é composto pelos domicílios com certo grau de especialização na atividade agrícola, razão pela qual não fazem parte da amostra aqueles com menos de 10% dos rendimentos provenientes da agricultura. Como base de dados são utilizadas as PNADs de 1992 a 2006.----------------------------------------------This paper investigates changes in income, poverty and inequality in the Brazilian agricultural sector since the early 1990s. In particular, it aims to determine the speed of poverty reduction in the period under study. evaluating the relationship among income, poverty and inequality, identifying specific patterns by State and population groups, defined by main source of family income (agricultural and non agricultural activities) and by area of residence (rural or urban). The sample analyzed is composed of families with at least some degree of specialization in agriculture. Thus, families with less than 10% of income coming from agriculture are excluded from the sample. The data used come from the National Household Surveys (PNAD) from 1992 to 2006.