cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of Coping with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on young Australians' anxiety and depression symptoms from 2020–2021
Creators: name: Orozco, Ana
name: Thomas, Alexander
name: Raggatt, Michelle
name: Scott, Nick
name: Eddy, Sarah
name: Douglass, Caitlin
name: Wright, Cassandra J. C.
name: Spelman, Tim
name: Lim, Megan S. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2.
Additional file 3 of Coping with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on young Australians' anxiety and depression symptoms from 2020–2021
Creators: name: Orozco, Ana
name: Thomas, Alexander
name: Raggatt, Michelle
name: Scott, Nick
name: Eddy, Sarah
name: Douglass, Caitlin
name: Wright, Cassandra J. C.
name: Spelman, Tim
name: Lim, Megan S. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 3.
Inter-relationships between a deposit-feeding amphipod and metabolism of sediment microflora
Creators: name: Hargrave, Barry Thomas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The food of a common freshwater deposit-feeding amphipod Hyalella ctzteca (Saussure) and the effect of its feeding on energy transfer within the sediments of Marion Lake were examined. By use of C¹⁴ labelling techniques and chemical analyses of food and faeces, Hyalella was shown to digest algal and bacterial cells from ingested sediment particles at a rate sufficient to supply energy necessary for observed growth, respiration and egg production. Non-living sediment organic substances (cellulose and lignin-like materials) were not assimilated. Changes in oxygen concentration over undisturbed sediment cores incubated under light and dark conditions and with antibiotic additions were used to provide an in situ measure of epibenthic algal production and community and bacterial respiration. Seasonal and spatial differences in sediment microflora production potentially available for consumption by Hyalella were positively correlated with amphipod growth, distribution and the onset of egg production. In laboratory experiments amphipods selected sediments with the highest concentrations of microflora and growth was proportional to the abundance of this food source. Numbers of Hyalella were varied in undisturbed sediment cores to evaluate the effect on microflora production. After 43 hr incubation, algal production stimulated at natural amphipod densities and declined, with higher numbers. Lacterial respiration was stimulated at densities four times those observed in Marion Lake and this also decreased with crowding. Total microflora production and amphipod energy requirements were compared to calculate that at natural densities during the summer Hyalella would consume less than 10% of the daily production. The remaining microflora production may be consumed by numerous other deposit-feeding species in the benthic community. Physical leaching and heterotrophic organisms lowered the organic content of faeces in the dark, while autotrophic organisms and dissolved organic compounds released by amphipods added organic matter to faecal pellets. Thus, while Hyalella's browsing activities may reduce the biomass of sediment microflora, it concurrently aided recolonization of faecal material and sediment particles and thus appears to stimulate production of its own food supply. Additional data are presented which compare the respiration of different benthic communities. The similarity of the rates of oxygen exchange, after correction for temperature difference, suggests that processes affecting oxygen availability are important in determining the overall rate of energy transfer within many benthic communities.
Extraction of Natural Products using Deep Eutectic Solvents
Creators: name: Alshammari, Odeh A. O.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Extraction of natural products from their biological sources have received great attention recently. Organic solvents and thermal and mechanical methods have been widely used to extract and isolate such compounds. In this study Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have been tested for the extraction process.The first part of this study involved the transfer of chosen molecular solutes, dissolved in alkanes, into the DESs. The studied solutes were butanoic acid, 1-pentanol, ethyl acetate, 2- pentanone, phenol, benzyl alcohol and cyclohexanol. The thermodynamics of their transfers were quantified by determining the partition coefficients with DESs. The largest partition coefficients were observed by the liquids with the lowest surface tensions and this is thought to arise because the enthalpy of hole formation controls the thermodynamics of solute transfer. Accordingly, it was shown that the size of the solute has an effect on the partition coefficient with smaller solutes partitioning preferably into the DES. It was found that solutes capable of strongly hydrogen bonding partitioned much better into the DES as the enthalpy of transfer was negative.The second stage of the work focused on the phase behaviour of the solutes transferred to the DESs. Solid (glucose and phenol) and liquid (1-pentanol) hydrogen bonding compounds are mixed with a DES and the heterogeneity and homogeneity of such mixtures are determined using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Pulsed Field Gradient NMR (PFG-NMR). The study showed that solids interacts strongly with DESs while with liquids this interaction is weaker. It was found that solid solutes form a homogeneous solution with the DES whereas liquid solutes form heterogeneous nanophases because of the weaker solute−solvent interactions and density difference.The final part of the project involved the extraction of a variety of phenolic compounds from olive oil using DESs under different conditions. The studied phenolics were tyrosol, pcoumaric acid, vanilic acid, ferulic acid and apigenin. The results showed that such compounds are partition better to the DES compared to conventional solvents, and the extraction efficiency can be enhanced by several factors. Thermodynamics of the transfer and green metrics are also discussed in this part guided by the 12 principles of green chemistry.
Pulsar Simulations for the Fermi Large Area Telescope
Creators: name: Razzano, M.
name: Harding, A. K.
name: Baldini, L.
name: Bellazzini, R.
name: Bregeon, J.
name: Burnett, T.
name: Chiang, J.
name: Digel, S. W.
name: Dubois, R.
name: Kuss, M. W.
name: Latronico, L.
name: McEnery, J. E.
name: Omodei, N.
name: Pesce-Rollins, M.
name: Sgro', C.
name: Spandre, G.
name: Thompson, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsars are among the prime targets for the Large Area Telescope (LAT) aboard the recently launched Fermi observatory. The LAT will study the gamma-ray Universe between 20 MeV and 300 GeV with unprecedented detail. Increasing numbers of gamma-ray pulsars are being firmly identified, yet their emission mechanisms are far from being understood. To better investigate and exploit the LAT capabilities for pulsar science, a set of new detailed pulsar simulation tools have been developed within the LAT collaboration. The structure of the pulsar simulator package PulsarSpectrum is presented here. Starting from photon distributions in energy and phase obtained from theoretical calculations or phenomenological considerations, gamma rays are generated and their arrival times at the spacecraft are determined by taking into account effects such as barycentric effects and timing noise. Pulsars in binary systems also can be simulated given orbital parameters. We present how simulations can be used for generating a realistic set of gamma rays as observed by the LAT, focusing on some case studies that show the performance of the LAT for pulsar observations.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Additional file 5 of Coping with COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on young Australians' anxiety and depression symptoms from 2020–2021
Creators: name: Orozco, Ana
name: Thomas, Alexander
name: Raggatt, Michelle
name: Scott, Nick
name: Eddy, Sarah
name: Douglass, Caitlin
name: Wright, Cassandra J. C.
name: Spelman, Tim
name: Lim, Megan S. C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 5.
Massive quark scattering at strong coupling from AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Barnes, Edwin
name: Vaman, Diana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the analysis of Alday and Maldacena for obtaining gluon scattering amplitudes at strong coupling to include external massive quark states. Our quarks are actually the N=2 hypermultiplets which arise when D7-brane probes are included in the AdS_5 x S^5 geometry. We work in the quenched approximation, treating the N=2 matter multiplets as external sources coupled to the N=4 SYM fields. We first derive appropriate massive-particle boundary conditions for the string scattering worldsheets. We then find an exact worldsheet which corresponds to the scattering of two massive quarks and two massless gluons and extract from this the associated scattering amplitude. We also find the worldsheet and amplitude for the scattering of four massive quarks. Our worldsheet solutions reduce to the four massless gluon solution of Alday and Maldacena in the limit of zero quark mass. The amplitudes we compute can also be interpreted in terms of 2-2 scattering involving gluons and massive W-bosons.
description: 46 pages, 11 figures, v4: additional comments added to intro
Additional file 2: of Trends in health resource disparities in primary health care institutions in Liaoning Province in Northeast China
Creators: name: Wang, Shuping
name: Xu, Jin
name: Jiang, Xiaofeng
name: Li, Chaofan
name: Li, Hongmin
name: Song, Suhang
name: Huang, Erdan
name: Meng, Qingyue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Developmental Biology
Marine Biology
Science Policy

description: The trends of GINI coefficients of quantity and quality of physicians in PHCI (DOCX 14 kb)
Collectively optimal routing for congested traffic limited by link capacity
Creators: name: Danila, Bogdan
name: Sun, Yudong
name: Bassler, Kevin E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that the capacity of a complex network that models a city street grid to support congested traffic can be optimized by using routes that collectively minimize the maximum ratio of betweenness to capacity in any link. Networks with a heterogeneous distribution of link capacities and with a heterogeneous transport load are considered. We find that overall traffic congestion and average travel times can be significantly reduced by a judicious use of slower, smaller capacity links.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
The 'great regression' and the protests to come in Latin America
Creators: name: Ludeña, Maria Gabriela Palacio
name: Pabón, Fabio Andrés Díaz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Latin America
Protests
Inequality
Covid-19
Poverty
Conflict

description: Latin America was in turmoil in 2019. Protests raged across different countries and against governments across the political spectrum. Widespread mobilisation from social organisations denounced corruption and voiced various demands, including greater political freedoms, better and affordable public services, and the urgent need to tackle corruption and inequality. The region ended 2019 with unfulfilled promises of a new social pact, and the promise of intensified mobilisations. With COVID-19, Latin American governments can rewrite the region’s socioeconomic path, engaging different actors and recovering the legitimacy of their social contracts above the interests of particular elites and international stakeholders. Failing to do so will be the preamble to period of instability and conflict.
description: Pre print of the forthcoming chapter to be published as part of the The Europa Regional Surveys of the World
C1110041420.pdf
Creators: name: R, Sakthivel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 70104 Agricultural Spatial Analysis and Modelling
subject: FOS: Other agricultural sciences

description: Crop discrimination and Acreage estimation are essential for planning and policy making at various administrative levels. Remote sensing is presently the only technology that can provide timely and accurate crop inventory information. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of Sentinel 1A (VV, VH, VV+VH) Synthetic Aperture Radar imageries for crop discrimination and acreage estimation in Veppanthattai Block of Perambalur District in Tamil Nadu. Perambalur District is one of the largest cotton and maize producing district in Tamil Nadu.This study also compares the performance of classification algorithms such as Maximum Likelihood Classification, Minimum Distance Classification, Support Vector Machine Classification and Neural Net Classification algorithm for Sentinel -1A SAR imageries in order to find the best classifier. The Temporal backscattering coefficient of crops for VV & VH polarization are extracted using training data. For this study 15 date Sentinel-1A SAR data used for classification and acreage estimation of crops. Ground truth data collected randomly over the study area, in that 60% data used for training and 40% data used for testing the classification. In Sentinel-1A SAR data, Dual polarization (VV+VH) data gives higher classification accuracy than single polarization (VV, VH) data. The highest accuracy of Dual Polarization (VV+VH) Sentinel 1A SAR data, 87.44% achieved using Support Vector Machine and Neural Net classification algorithm
A note on the commutativity of inverse limit and orbit map
Creators: name: Singh, Mahender
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 54B25, 57S10

description: We show that the inverse limit and the orbit map commute for actions of compact groups on compact Hausdorff spaces.
description: 4 pages
Additional file 1 of Sex-dependent effects of acute stress and alcohol exposure during adolescence on mRNA expression of brain signaling systems involved in reward and stress responses in young adult rats
Creators: name: Gobbi, Carlotta
name: Sánchez-Marín, Laura
name: Flores-López, María
name: Medina-Vera, Dina
name: Pavón-Morón, Francisco Javier
name: Rodríguez de Fonseca, Fernando
name: Serrano, Antonia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Improved analysis of SN1987A antineutrino events
Creators: name: Pagliaroli, G.
name: Vissani, F.
name: Costantini, M. L.
name: Ianni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new parameterization of the antineutrino flux from core collapse supernovae, that allows an interpretation of its astrophysical parameters within the Bethe and Wilson scenario for the explosion, and that leads to a reasonable (smooth) behavior of the average energy and of the luminosity curve. We apply it to analyze the events observed by Kamiokande-II, IMB and Baksan detectors in correlation with SN1987A. For the first time, we consider in the same analysis all data characteristics: times, energies and angles of the observed events. We account for the presence of background and evaluate the impact of neutrino oscillations. The hypothesis that the initial luminous phase of emission (accretion) is absent can be rejected at the 2 % significance level. Without the need to impose external priors in the likelihood analysis, the best-fit values of the astrophysical parameters are found to be in remarkable agreement with the expectations of the standard core-collapse scenario; in particular, the electron antineutrino-sphere radius is 16 km, the duration of the accretion phase is found to be 0.55 s, and the initial accreting mass is 0.22 M(sun). Similarly the total energy emitted in neutrinos is 2.2*10^{53} erg, again close to the expectations. The errors on the parameters are evaluated and found to be relatively large, consistently with the limited number of detected events; the two dimensional confidence regions, that demonstrate the main correlations between the parameters, are also given.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Tolerance of Crops to Exchangeable Sodium
Creators: name: Pearson, George A.
name: Pearson, George A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1960
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This bulletin— 1. Defines exchangeable sodium. 2. Describes the effects of exchangeable sodium on soil properties and the growth of plants. 3. Gives the relative tolerance of some crops to exchangeable sodium. 4. Explains how crop growth can be improved on sodic soils.
Lévy flights in inhomogeneous environments
Creators: name: Garbaczewski, Piotr
name: Stephanovich, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the long time asymptotics of probability density functions (pdfs) of Lévy flights in different confining potentials. For that we use two models: Langevin - driven and (Lévy - Schrödinger) semigroup - driven dynamics. It turns out that the semigroup modeling provides much stronger confining properties than the standard Langevin one. Since contractive semigroups set a link between Lévy flights and fractional (pseudo-differential) Hamiltonian systems, we can use the latter to control the long - time asymptotics of the pertinent pdfs. To do so, we need to impose suitable restrictions upon the Hamiltonian and its potential. That provides verifiable criteria for an invariant pdf to be actually an asymptotic pdf of the semigroup-driven jump-type process. For computational and visualization purposes our observations are exemplified for the Cauchy driver and its response to external polynomial potentials (referring to Lévy oscillators), with respect to both dynamical mechanisms.
description: Major revision
La docencia y el confinamiento de la Covid-19: ¿Qué hemos aprendido?
Creators: name: Vílchez, Vera Ferrón
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: docencia virtual, covid-19, confinamiento, evaluación continua, evaluación virtual

description: Reflexiones sobre la docencia durante el confinamiento de la Covid-19. ¿Qué hemos aprendido sobre la docencia virtual durante el periodo de confinamiento? En este documento relato mi experiencia y aprendizajes tras un semestre de docencia virtual forzada.
Solutions of special asymptotics to the Einstein constraint equations
Creators: name: Huang, Lan-Hsuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct solutions with prescribed asymptotics to the Einstein constraint equations using a cut-off technique. Moreover, we give various examples of vacuum asymptotically flat manifolds whose center of mass and angular momentum are ill-defined.
description: 13 pages; the error in Lemma 3.5 fixed and typos corrected; to appear in Class. Quantum Grav
The Nucleolus of wheat stem rust uredospores.
Creators: name: Mitchell, Stephen Richard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: A cytological study of sporogenesis, mature uredospores and hydrated uredospores of Puccinia graminis tritici was made to determine if a definitive nucleolus was present. Electron microscopy has shown that the nuclei in immature uredospores and associated fungal tissue of the uredosorus possess prominent nucleoli. Nucleoli whose average diameter was 1.7 microns were observed in 58 percent of the nuclear sections from immature uredospores. Presence of a nucleolus in ultrathin sections of mature uredospores is established. Nucleoli whose average diameter was 0.5 microns were observed in 6 percent of the nuclear sections from mature uredospores. Nucleoli were not observed in hydrated uredospores which had resumed active metabolism. The reduction in the size of the nucleoli in mature uredospores and absence of nucleoli in hydrated uredospores may indicate that ribosomal RNA synthesis is repressed as uredospores mature.
Achieving and maintaining prison officer-prisoner relationships; Tasmanian perspectives from a time ofculture change
Creators: name: Cianchi, JP
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023
Subjects: Correctional theory, offender treatment and rehabilitation

description: Prison officer-prisoner relationships are at the heart of prison life. This thesis seeks to understand what, from the perspective of the prison officer, is an effective officer-prisoner relationship. Secondly it asks how a prison that overtly places the prison officer-prisoner relationship as the central mechanism through which organisational and operational policies are understood and implemented might differ from a more traditional way of managing the prison. Effective staff-inmate relationships enable staff to maintain a peaceful prison environment in which staff and inmates are able to meet their needs. They are characterised by mutual respect, trust, humanity, good communication and a clear understanding of the correctional officer role. Effective relationships are important because they contribute to a safe prison environment and greater inmate compliance. They are also necessary before officers can work with inmates to address their problems and reasons why they are in prison. The basis for effective relationships seems to lie in the prison officers’ attitudes and beliefs about inmates. The prison officers interviewed in this study view the inmates as autonomous human beings who have individual differences and who are entitled to humane treatment. They hold values about relationships that include notions such as respect, honesty, empathy, compassion, humanity, fairness and a belief that inmates can change. Importantly the officers are able to balance the security and welfare dimensions of their role. A prison that places the prison officer-prisoner relationship at the centre of prison management would respond to prisoner misconduct and disorder by first examining the status of prison officer-prisoner relationships and monitoring efforts to improve their effectiveness. It would endeavour to broaden the prison officer’s imaginative circumference to incorporate a rich correctional landscape that extends beyond simply warehousing criminals, to encompass a role that is concerned with the human rights and dignity of the prisoner, a belief in their capacity to grow and a desire to play an active part in this process.
Decoupling Inflation From the String Scale
Creators: name: McInnes, Brett
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When Inflation is embedded in a fundamental theory, such as string theory, it typically begins when the Universe is already substantially larger than the fundamental scale [such as the one defined by the string length scale]. This is naturally explained by postulating a pre-inflationary era, during which the size of the Universe grew from the fundamental scale to the initial inflationary scale. The problem then arises of maintaining the [presumed] initial spatial homogeneity throughout this era, so that, when it terminates, Inflation is able to begin in its potential-dominated state. Linde has proposed that a spacetime with compact negatively curved spatial sections can achieve this, by means of chaotic mixing. Such a compactification will however lead to a Casimir energy, which can lead to effects that defeat the purpose unless the coupling to gravity is suppressed. We estimate the value of this coupling required by the proposal, and use it to show that the pre-inflationary spacetime is stable, despite the violation of the Null Energy Condition entailed by the Casimir energy.
description: 24 pages, 5 eps figures, references added, stylistic changes, version to appear in Classical and Quantum Gravity
New analytic models of traversable wormholes
Creators: name: Shatskiy, Alexander
name: Novikov, I. D.
name: Kardashev, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analytic solution of the general relativity equations for spherically symmetric wormholes are given. We investigate the special case of a "traversable" wormhole i.e., one allowing the signal to pass through it. The energy-momentum tensor of wormhole matter is represented as a superposition of a spherically symmetric magnetic field and dust matter with negative matter density. The dynamics of the model are investigated. We discuss both the solution of the equation with a Lambda-term and without it. Superposing enough dust matter, a magnetic field, and a Lambda-term can produce a static solution, which turns out to be a spherical Multiverse model with an infinite number of wormholes connected spherical universes. Corresponding solution can be static and dynamic.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
Large-eddy simulations of geophysical turbulent flows with applications to planetary boundary layer research
Creators: name: Esau, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The present study gives an overview and emphasizes principal moments of the applications of the turbulence-resolving modeling with large-eddy simulation (LES) numerical technique to planetary boundary layer (PBL) research and climate studies. LES proved to be very useful in understanding of the atmospheric and ocean turbulent exchange and ultimately in parameterization improvement in traditional meteorological models. LES have played a key role in recognizing the importance of previously ignored self-organized structures in the geophysical turbulence. LES assisted theoreticians and weather/climate modelers with reliable information about the averaged vertical structure of the PBL in convection and shear regimes as well as with better estimations of key PBL parameters, e.g. an entrainment rate, for model calibrations. At present, LES are an essential, indispensible part of geosciences, while the mainstream of the LES research still deals with idealized case studies with rather simple micro-physics.
Assessing the international situation of breastfeeding, lactation consulting and breastfeeding promotion as viewed by international, interdisciplinary experts and resulting recommendations
Creators: name: Rosin, Stefanie
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 610
subject: WHO UNICEF
subject: breastfeeding protection and promotion
subject: lactation consultant
subject: society
subject: integrated care
subject: breastfeeding support
subject: expert
subject: International Code for the Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes
subject: National Breastfeeding Committee

description: Background In spite of WHO/UNICEF programs and subsequent measures to promote breastfeeding, breastfeeding still does not represent the norm for infant feeding on a global scale. Objective A questionnaire for experts in the field of lactation was designed to assess the international situation of breastfeeding, lactation consulting and breastfeeding promotion including: The experts’ work situation with respect to contentedness, motivation and acceptance, the progress of breastfeeding promotion and the identification of remaining obstacles to derive practice-based policy recommendations towards a breastfeeding culture. Methods Quantitative evaluations based on closed question items included mainly descriptive statistics. Qualitative methods based on open question items categorised mutually exclusive response groups by paraphrasing. Results Lactation consulting is lacking of payment and career opportunities on an international level and needs a firm position in the health care system with reimbursement to the full extent of work. However, lactation consultants describe themselves as mostly contented and idealistically motivated. Societal and political support is poor and research funds are lacking, NCBFs' should gain political weight and take on additional tasks. Health care providers without education in lactation represent a decisive obstacle to breastfeeding. WHO/UNICEF measures remain priority with overdue implementation. Conclusions Health policies to protect and promote breastfeeding including legislation, consumer protection and the integration of lactation consulting in the health care systems represent key measures to achieve progress in the implementation of WHO/UNICEF and subsequent programs to re-establish the breastfeeding culture. A basic education of all health-care providers in the lactation field seems indispensable to promote breastfeeding consistently. Discussion Breastfeeding support should be prioritized as promotion of a major health resource on a global scale. Facing a global economic and climate crisis it should be an imperative for health policies to re-build the breastfeeding culture with priority to protect our offspring.
First and second sound in cylindrically trapped gases
Creators: name: Bertaina, G.
name: Pitaevskii, L.
name: Stringari, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the propagation of density and temperature waves in a cylindrically trapped gas with radial harmonic confinement. Starting from two-fluid hydrodynamic theory we derive effective 1D equations for the chemical potential and the temperature which explicitly account for the effects of viscosity and thermal conductivity. Differently from quantum fluids confined by rigid walls, the harmonic confinement allows for the propagation of both first and second sound in the long wave length limit. We provide quantitative predictions for the two sound velocities of a superfluid Fermi gas at unitarity. For shorter wave-lengths we discover a new surprising class of excitations continuously spread over a finite interval of frequencies. This results in a non-dissipative damping in the response function which is analytically calculated in the limiting case of a classical ideal gas.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Published version in Phys. Rev. Lett
Is coronavirus taking weekends off?
Creators: name: Nathan, Hippu Salk Kristle
name: Posina, Venkata Rayudu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: 5H2L
Covid-19
Covid deaths
Seven-day weekly cycle
Work-rest cycle

description: Here we highlight an intriguing cyclical pattern in covid-19 deaths, which has hitherto been not recognized. This pattern is a weekly one, which we refer to as ‘5H2L’: five continuous days of high followed by two days of low death toll. It is clearly visible in daily mortalities of the world as well as in the USA. What is intriguing about this cyclical weekly temporal structure of mortality numbers is that there is no physical cycle that corresponds to week. One plausible account of the 5H2L may have to do with the human biological processes that have become tuned to the long-standing practice of work and rest in weekdays and weekends, respectively. Speculation aside, the 5H2L weekly temporal cycle of covid-19 deaths peaking during weekdays and falling during weekends, which we noted, is a robust observation crying out for a scientific explanation.
Fermi surface dichotomy of the superconducting gap and pseudogap in underdoped pnictides
Creators: name: Xu, Y. -M.
name: Richard, P.
name: Nakayama, K.
name: Kawahara, T.
name: Sekiba, Y.
name: Qian, T.
name: Neupane, M.
name: Souma, S.
name: Sato, T.
name: Takahashi, T.
name: Luo, H.
name: Wen, H. -H.
name: Chen, G. -F.
name: Wang, N. -L.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Fang, Z.
name: Dai, X.
name: Ding, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-temperature superconductivity in iron-arsenic materials (pnictides) near an antiferromagnetic phase raises the possibility of spin-fluctuation-mediated pairing. However, the interplay between antiferromagnetic fluctuations and superconductivity remains unclear in the underdoped regime, which is closer to the antiferromagnetic phase. Here we report that the superconducting gap of the underdoped pnictides scales linearly with the transition temperature, and that a distinct pseudogap coexisting with the SC gap develops on underdoping. This pseudogap occurs on Fermi surface sheets connected by the antiferromagnetic wavevector, where the superconducting pairing is stronger as well, suggesting that antiferromagnetic fluctuations drive both the pseudogap and superconductivity. Interestingly, we found that the pseudogap and the spectral lineshape vary with the Fermi surface quasi-nesting conditions in a fashion that shares similarities with the nodal-antinodal dichotomous behaviour observed in underdoped copper oxide superconductors.
description: Main Manuscript: 19 pages, 3 figures; Supplementary Information: 10 pages, 7 figures
De Mvndi Sensibilis Atqve Intelligibilis Forma Et Principiis. Dissertatio Pro Loco Professionis Log. Et Metaph. Ordinariae Rite Sibi Vindicando
Creators: name: Kant, Immanuel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1770
Subjects: subject: Kant, Immanuel
subject: Kant
subject: Time
subject: Space
subject: Theory of relativity
subject: Einstein
subject: Newton
subject: PhD
subject: PhD: Philosophy
subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Priceless treasures of human science: Kant
subject: Priceless treasures of human science

description: Kant, Immanuel, 1770, PhD. De mundi sensibilis atque intelligibilis forma et principiis. Dissertatio pro loco. p. 14: De Tempore p. 16: "Tempus non est obiectiuum aliquid et reale, nec substantia, nec accidens, nec relatio ..."
 p. 18: De Spatio p. 20: "Spatium non est aliquid oviectiui et realis, nec substantia, nec accidens, nec relatis; sed subiectiuum et ideale ...."
Multiple Localized States and Magnetic Orderings in Partially Open Zigzag Carbon Nanotube Superlattices: An Ab Initio Study
Creators: name: Huang, Bing
name: Li, Zuanyi
name: Son, Young-Woo
name: Kim, Gunn
name: Duan, Wenhui
name: Ihm, Jisoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles calculations, we examine the electronic and magnetic properties of partially open zigzag carbon nanotube (CNT) superlattices. It is found that depending on their opening degree, these superlattices can exhibit multiple localized states around the Fermi energy. More importantly, some electronic states confined in some parts of the structure even have special magnetic orderings. We demonstrate that, as a proof of principle, some partially open zigzag CNT superlattices are by themselves giant (100%) magnetoresistive devices. Furthermore, the localized(and spin-polarized) states as well as the band gaps of the superlattices could be further modulated by external electric fields perpendicular to the tube axis, and a bias voltage along the tube axis may be used to control the conductance of two spin states. We believe that these results will open the way to the production of novel nanoscale electronic and spintronic devices.
description: In submission
Bragg diffraction and the Iron crust of cold Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Llanes-Estrada, Felipe J.
name: Navarro, Gaspar Moreno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If cooled-down neutron stars have a thin atomic crystalline-iron crust, they must diffract X-rays of appropriate wavelength. If the diffracted beam is to be visible from Earth, the illuminating source must be very intense and near the reflecting star. An example is a binary system composed of two neutron stars in close orbit, one of them inert, the other an X-ray pulsar (perhaps an "anomalous" X-ray pulsar or magnetar, not powered by gas absorption from the companion or surrounding space, would be the cleanest example). The observable to be searched for is a secondary peak added (quasi-) periodically to the main X-ray pulse. The distinguishing feature of this secondary peak is that it appears at wavelengths related by simple integer numbers, lambda, lambda/2, lambda/3... lambda/n because of Bragg's diffraction law.
description: 20 pages, 4 figure files, accepted at Astrophysics and Space Science
Cluster aggregation model for discontinuous percolation transition
Creators: name: Cho, Y. S.
name: Kahng, B.
name: Kim, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evolution of the Erdős-Rényi (ER) network by adding edges can be viewed as a cluster aggregation process. Such ER processes can be described by a rate equation for the evolution of the cluster-size distribution with the connection kernel $K_{ij}\sim ij$, where $ij$ is the product of the sizes of two merging clusters. Here, we study more general cases in which $K_{ij}$ is sub-linear as $K_{ij}\sim (ij)^ω$ with $0 \le ω< 1/2$; we find that the percolation transition (PT) is discontinuous. Moreover, PT is also discontinuous when the ER dynamics evolves from proper initial conditions. The rate equation approach for such discontinuous PTs enables us to uncover the mechanism underlying the explosive PT under the Achlioptas process.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Critically damped quantum search
Creators: name: Mizel, Ari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although measurement and unitary processes can accomplish any quantum evolution in principle, thinking in terms of dissipation and damping can be powerful. We propose a modification of Grover's algorithm in which the idea of damping plays a natural role. Remarkably, we have found that there is a critical damping value that divides between the quantum $O(\sqrt{N})$ and classical O(N) search regimes. In addition, by allowing the damping to vary in a fashion we describe, one obtains a fixed-point quantum search algorithm in which ignorance of the number of targets increases the number of oracle queries only by a factor of 1.5.
Long Strange Segments, Ruin Probabilities and the Effect of Memory on Moving Average Processes
Creators: name: Ghosh, Souvik
name: Samorodnitsky, Gennady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10, 60G10, 62M12

description: We obtain the rate of growth of long strange segments and the rate of decay of infinite horizon ruin probabilities for a class of infinite moving average processes with exponentially light tails. The rates are computed explicitly. We show that the rates are very similar to those of an i.i.d. process as long as the moving average coefficients decay fast enough. If they do not, then the rates are significantly different. This demonstrates the change in the length of memory in a moving average process associated with certain changes in the rate of decay of the coefficients.
description: 29 pages, minor changes and a few typo correction from last version
An extension of the Thermodynamics Conceptual Reasoning Inventory (TCRI): measuring undergraduate students’ understanding of introductory thermodynamics concepts
Creators: name: Firetto, Carla M.
name: Van Meter, Peggy N.
name: Kottmeyer, Alexa M.
name: Turns, Stephen R.
name: Litzinger, Thomas A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Undergraduate STEM students majoring in various science sub-disciplines (e.g. chemistry, physics, engineering) must develop strong understandings of core foundational thermodynamics concepts. The ability for course instructors and researchers to effectively refine instruction and develop interventions to support students’ learning hinges on their ability to accurately gauge students’ knowledge through the use of established measures. The Thermodynamics Conceptual Reasoning Inventory (TCRI) is designed to gauge undergraduate students’ understanding of introductory thermodynamics concepts. The present study extends the findings of a previous publication by positioning the TCRI within the broader international literature of thermodynamics concept inventories and generating an argument for the reliability and validity of TCRI scores in a broader context. Participants (n = 278) took the revised 36-item TCRI (available in the supplementary online materials). Findings revealed that TCRI scores are useful in the broader context (e.g. no evidence of floor or ceiling effects, evidence of high reliability, no differences for students across majors, and TCRI scores were moderately correlated with both course exam scores and GPA). No further revisions are recommended based on analysis of item properties. The cumulative body of evidence related to the TCRI suggests that scores are useful indicators of undergraduate students’ conceptual understanding of introductory thermodynamics concepts.
title: Rezension: “Experten der Vernichtung. Das T4-Reinhardt-Netzwerk in den Lagern Bełzec, Sobibor und Treblinka”, Sara Berger. Hamburg: Hamburger Edition, 2013. ISBN 9783868542684
Creators: name: Lehnstaedt, Stephan
name: Digitale Wissenschaftsplattform Pol-Int (Www.Pol-Int.Org)
Publisher: name: Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt
Year: 2020

description: Sara Bergers bei Bernd Faulenbach in Bochum entstandene Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit den Tätern des Holocaust: Sie analysiert die Biographie und die Handlungen jener 121 Männer, die die drei Lager der „Aktion Reinhardt“ – in denen die Ermordung der Juden des Generalgouvernements 1942/43 stattfand – betrieben haben. Ganz präzise wird sich die Opferzahl in Treblinka, Sobibór und Bełżec nicht mehr ermitteln lassen, aber die Schätzung auf rund 1,6 bis 1,8 Millionen Menschen zeigt deutlich, um welche Dimensionen es sich handelt. Der industrielle Genozid im Rahmen der „Endlösung“ fand mitnichten bloß in Auschwitz statt; ganz im Gegenteil gab es in den genannten Mordstätten östlich der Weichsel mehr Opfer als in jenem so berüchtigten Komplex im Süden von Kattowitz. Berger hat Kurzbiographien der 121 Deutschen und Österreicher verfasst und analysiert deren Beziehungsgeflecht mittels der Netzwerktheorie. Der tatsächliche Erkenntnisgewinn aus dieser Methode wird zwar nicht immer deutlich, aber das tut den Ergebnissen keinen Abbruch. Die Täter bildeten eine recht homogene Gruppe aus der Kriegsjugendgeneration und hatten einen Hintergrund im Kleinbürgertum oder der Arbeiterschaft. Früh schon optierten sie für eine Mitgliedschaft in NSDAP und SS. Vor Kriegsbeginn arbeiteten sie für die Kanzlei des Führers in der so genannten „Aktion T4“ und führten die Morde im Rahmen der „Euthanasie“ durch. Von jenen noch rund 500 Männern fand sich ein harter Kern zusammen, der dann nach Osten gerufen wurde, um für den Lubliner SS- und Polizeiführer Odilo Globocnik zunächst regional, dann im ganzen Generalgouvernement den Holocaust zu organisieren.
title: Rezension: “Deutsche und polnische Kultur im kulturwissenschaftlichen Vergleich. Eine komparatistische Untersuchung“/ Tomasz Grzegorz Pszczółkowski.Warszawa: Instytut Germanistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, 2013. ISBN 8389919176
Creators: name: Runowski, Michael F.
name: Digitale Wissenschaftsplattform Pol-Int (Www.Pol-Int.Org)
Publisher: name: Europa-Universität Viadrina Frankfurt
Year: 2020

description: Kulturelle Unterschiede zwischen Deutschland und Polen waren und sind Thema zahlreicher wissenschaftlicher und populärer Beiträge. Viele davon bleiben stehen bei diffusen Umschreibungen, um nicht zu sagen, Umschiffungen der eigentlichen Fragestellung und leiden außerdem an einer (allzu) einseitigen Perspektive auf die Eigenheiten der jeweils „anderen“. Nur selten unternehmen Autoren den Versuch, die Kulturunterschiede der beiden Nachbarn tatsächlich miteinander zu vergleichen, Gemeinsames und Gegensätzliches zu benennen, und, was noch wichtiger ist, den Standpunkt des jeweils Anderen dem Leser plausibel zu vermitteln. Die meisten derjenigen, die sich mit der deutsch-polnischen Thematik befassen, gehören (mehr oder minder) dem einen oder dem anderen Kulturkreis an oder sind, wie der Autor der hier zu besprechenden Studie, mit beiden Kulturen vertraut. Dass die letztere Prämisse nicht unbedingt ein Garant für „Neutralität“ sein kann, weiß der Rezensent, ebenfalls ein Wanderer zwischen beiden Kulturen, aus eigener Erfahrung. Und dennoch vermag jemand, der eben beide Blickrichtungen kennt, zumindest mehr Verständnis für die jeweilige Argumentation zu entwickeln, als jemand, dem die Erfahrung der (Kultur-) Migration fehlt. Tomasz G. Pszczółkowski legt hier eine Untersuchung zu Kulturunterschieden zwischen Deutschen und Polen aus vergleichender Perspektive vor. Er unternimmt den Versuch einer Bestandsaufnahme der bestehenden Forschung zur deutschen und polnischen Kultur beider Länder und schlägt als neuen Forschungsansatz eine Kulturkomparatistik vor, die seiner Meinung nach als eigenständiges Gebiet im Bereich der Kulturwissenschaft etabliert werden sollte. Der Akzent liegt dabei auf dem Kulturvergleich.