cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Profil dan Analisis Karya Sastrawan Osamu Dazai (Hashire Merosu, Shayou, Ningen Shikkaku) 太宰治における作品一般分析 (走れメロス、斜陽、人間失格）
Creators: name: Fuadi, Zulfikar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200518 Literature in Japanese
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200312 Japanese Language
subject: 200508 Other Literatures in English

description: INDONESIAN - Artikel ini membahas secara singkat profil sastrawan Jepang Osamu Dazai serta membahas 3 dari karya-karya terkenalnya yaitu: Hashire Merosu, Shayou, dan Ningen Shikkaku. Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk menambah pemahaman estetika dan kreativitas untuk mengerti dan berkolerasi dengan nilai-nilai yang disampaikan oleh sastrawan Osamu Dazai. Artikel ini menggunakan teknik deskriptif analisis dalam meneliti data-datanya. Kesimpulan artikel ini adalah refleksi kehidupan pengarang yang dituangkan dalam karya sastranya, penderitaan hidup yang dialami Dazai merupakan referensi yang efektif untuk karya-karyanya yang terkenal memeliki genre kelam, ambigu, dan menyedihkan.
Non-exponential tunneling due to mean-field induced swallowtails
Creators: name: Guan, Q.
name: Ome, M. K. H.
name: Bersano, T. M.
name: Mossman, S.
name: Engels, P.
name: Blume, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Typically, energy levels change without bifurcating in response to a change of a control parameter. Bifurcations can lead to loops or swallowtails in the energy spectrum. The simplest quantum Hamiltonian that supports swallowtails is a non-linear $2 \times 2$ Hamiltonian with non-zero off-diagonal elements and diagonal elements that depend on the population difference of the two states. This work implements such a Hamiltonian experimentally using ultracold atoms in a moving one-dimensional optical lattice. Self-trapping and non-exponential tunneling probabilities, a hallmark signature of band structures that support swallowtails, are observed. The good agreement between theory and experiment validates the optical lattice system as a powerful platform to study, e.g., Josephson junction physics and superfluidity in ring-shaped geometries.
description: 4 figures and 5 pages for the main text; 4 figures and 6 pages for the supplemental material
Formation of capillary bridges in AFM-like geometry
Creators: name: Dutka, F.
name: Napiorkowski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the phase diagram of fluid confined in AFM-like geometry. It combines the properties of capillary condensation and complete filling of a wedge.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Computational Workflow Optimization for Magnetic Fluctuation Measurements of 3D Nano-Tetrapods
Creators: name: Jonathan Pieper
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Magnetism
Micro-Hall-Magnetometry
Nanostructures
FEBID
Fluctuation Spectroscopy
Python
Computational Data Analysis
Continuous Analysis
Continuous Integration
Continuous Development
GitLab

description: The detailed understanding of micro–and nanoscale structures, in particular their magnetization dynamics, dominates contemporary solid–state physics studies. Most investigations already identified an abundance of phenomena in one–and two–dimensional nanostructures. The following thesis focuses on the magnetic fingerprint of three–dimensional CoFe nano–magnets, specifically the temporal development of their hysteresis loop. These nano–magnets were grown in a tetrahedral pattern on top of a highly susceptible home–build GaAs/AlGaAs micro–Hall sensor using focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID).

During the measurements, utmost efforts were employed to exemplify current best research practices. The data life cycle of the present thesis is based upon open–source data science tools and packages. Data acquisition and analysis required self–written automated algorithms to handle the extensive quantity of data. Existing instrumental–controlling software was improved, and new Python packages were devised to analyze and visualize the gathered data. The open–source Python data analysis framework (ana) was developed to facilitate computational reproducibility. This framework transparently analyses and visualizes the gathered data automatically using Continuous Analysis tools based on GitLab and Continuous Integration. This automatization uses bespoke scripts combined with virtualization tools like Docker to facilitate reproducible and device–independent results.

The hysteresis loops reveal distinct differences in subsequently measured loops with identical initial experimental parameters, originating from the nano–magnet’s magnetic noise. This noise amplifies in regions where switching processes occur. In such noise–prone regions, the time–dependent scrutinization reveals presumably thermally induced metastable magnetization states. The frequency–dependent power spectral density uncovers a characteristic 1/f2 behavior at noise–prone regions with metastable magnetization states.

 

Key Points

 

Best practices were pursued by fundamentally documenting and publishing both, data workflow and analysis methods. A self–written Python data analysis framework (ana) was created for a transparent evaluation and Continuous Analysis methods were employed to automate time–invasive tasks.

The magnetic fingerprint of FEBID deposited three–dimensional nano–tetrapods revealed fluctuations with a characteristic 1/f2 behavior. These characteristics were further investigated by means of data acquisition methods. The time–signal at magnetization states with assumed complex, vortex–like magnetization discloses metastable states with spontaneous switching processes. These switching processes are concluded to arise from thermally activation.
Exchange Rate and Output Dynamics Between Japan and Korea
Creators: name: Kang, Sammo
name: Kim, Soyoung
name: Wang, Yunjong
name: Yoon, Deok Ryong
name: Kang, Sammo
name: Kim, Soyoung
name: Wang, Yunjong
name: Yoon, Deok Ryong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Japan and Korea are close countries in terms of economic interaction as well as geography. To quantify the impact of changes in the yen-dollar exchange rate on the Korean economy before and after the crisis in 1997, the sample period has been divided into two sub-periods and the causal relationships examined by using vector autoregression analysis. Our estimates show that while the response of Korean industrial production to changes in the yen-dollar exchange rate was not significant during the pre-crisis period, it became significant during the post-crisis period. The forecast error variance decomposition also confirms that the yen-dollar exchange rate shocks have almost negligible explanatory power with regards to Korean industrial production during the pre-crisis period, but they have some significance for the postcrisis period. These empirical results show that the free floating exchange rate regime adopted since the crisis cannot insulate the Korean economy from external nominal shocks such as the yen-dollar exchange rate shocks.
On the nonlinear stability of higher-dimensional triaxial Bianchi IX black holes
Creators: name: Dafermos, Mihalis
name: Holzegel, Gustav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we prove that the 5-dimensional Schwarzschild-Tangherlini solution of the Einstein vacuum equations is orbitally stable (in the fully non-linear theory) with respect to vacuum perturbations of initial data preserving triaxial Bianchi IX symmetry. More generally, we prove that 5-dimensional vacuum spacetimes developing from suitable asymptotically flat triaxial Bianchi IX symmetric data and containing a trapped or marginally trapped homogeneous 3-surface possess a complete null infinity whose past is bounded to the future by a regular event horizon, whose cross-sectional volume in turn satisfies a Penrose inequality, relating it to the final Bondi mass. In particular, the results of this paper give the first examples of vacuum black holes which are not stationary exact solutions.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, v2: minor changes
Do Transnational Corporations Care About Labour Standards?
Creators: name: Busse, Matthias
name: Busse, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Transnational Corporations
subject: Foreign Direct Investment
subject: Labour Standards
subject: Cross-Country Regression Framework

description: This paper explores the relationship between foreign direct investment, or the activities of transnational corporations, and core labour standards. It discusses the channels through which labour standards may influence foreign direct investment and presents the results of an empirical test of that linkage. The results show that, contrary to the conventional wisdom that transnational corporations engage predominately in countries with low standards, higher labour standards are positively associated with foreign direct investment inflows. Concerns about "social dumping" or "a race to the bottom" on such standards appear to be mistaken. This result even holds for poor developing countries. Die Beziehung zwischen ausländischen Direktinvestitionen, das heißt die Aktivitäten internationaler Konzerne, und grundlegenden Sozialstandards werden in dem vorliegenden Beitrag untersucht. Im Mittelpunkt dabei steht zum einen eine Diskussion möglicher Wirkungskanäle zwischen Sozialstandards und ausländischen Direktinvestitionen; zum anderen eine empirische Überprüfung dieser Zusammenhänge. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass internationale Konzerne überwiegend in Ländern investieren, die überdurchschnittlich hohe Sozialstandards aufweisen. Befürchtungen über "soziales Dumping" oder eine wettbewerbsbedingte Verschlechterung der Standards nach unten sind demnach nicht zu erwarten. Dies gilt auch für relativ arme Entwicklungsländer.
Maastricht antiarrhythmic drug evaluator (MANTA): A computational tool for better understanding of antiarrhythmic drugs
Creators: name: Sutanto, Henry
name: Laudy, Lian
name: Clerx, Michael
name: Dobrev, Dobromir
name: Crijns, Harry J. G. M.
name: Heijman, Jordi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Pathogenesis
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Cardiac arrhythmias are a global health burden, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite technological advances in catheter ablation therapy, antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs) remain a cornerstone for the management of cardiac arrhythmias. Experimental and translational studies have shown that commonly used AADs exert multiple effects in the heart, the manifestation of which strongly depends on the exact experimental or clinical conditions. This diversity makes the optimal clinical application of AADs challenging. Here, we present a novel computational tool designed to facilitate a better understanding of the complex mechanisms of action of AADs (the Maastricht Antiarrhythmic Drug Evaluator, MANTA). In this tool, we integrated published computational cardiomyocyte models from different species (mouse, guinea pig, rabbit, dog, and human), regions (atrial, ventricular, and Purkinje cells) and disease conditions (atrial fibrillation- and heart failure-related remodeling). Subsequently, we investigated the effects of clinically available AADs (Vaughan-Williams Classes I, III, IV and multi-channel blockers) on action potential (AP) properties and the occurrence of proarrhythmic effects such as early afterdepolarizations. Steady-state drug effects were simulated based on a newly compiled overview of published IC50 values for each cardiac ion channel and by integrating state-dependent block of the cardiac Na+-current by Class I AADs using a Markov-model approach. Using MANTA, we demonstrated and characterized important species-, rate-, cell-type-, and disease-state-specific AAD effects, including 1) a stronger effect of Class III AADs in large mammals than in rodents; 2) a rate-dependent decrease in upstroke velocity with Class I AADs and reverse rate-dependent effects of Class III AADs on action potential duration; 3) ventricular-predominant effects of pure IKr blockers; 4) preferential reduction in atrial AP upstroke velocity with vernakalant; and 5) excessive AP prolongation with Class III AADs other than amiodarone under heart failure conditions. In conclusion, the effects of AADs are highly complex and strongly dependent on the experimental or clinical conditions. MANTA is a powerful and freely available tool reproducing a wide range of AAD characteristics that enables analyses of the underlying ionic mechanisms. Use of MANTA is expected to improve our understanding of AAD effects on cellular electrophysiology under a wide range of conditions, which may provide clinically-relevant information on the safety and efficacy of AAD treatment.
Q-deformed SU(1,1) and SU(2) Squeezed and Intelligent States and Quantum Entanglement
Creators: name: Rouabah, Mohamed Taha
name: Mebarki, Nouredinne
name: Ghiti, Mohamed Farouk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The intelligent states associated with the suq (1,1) and suq (2) q-deformed Lie algebra are investigated. The eigenvalue problem is also discussed.
description: Conference: THE 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROGRESS IN THEORETICAL PHYSICS (ICPTP 2011)
Public Expenditure and International Specialisation
Creators: name: Brulhart, Marius
name: Trionfetti, Federico
name: Brulhart, Marius
name: Trionfetti, Federico
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: public expenditure
subject: international specialisation
subject: economic geography
subject: European Union
subject: input-output analysis

description: It is widely recognised that public-sector purchasers tend to discriminate in favour of domestic suppliers. We study the consequences of home-biased public procurement on international specialisation. In the theoretical analysis we find two effects. First, a country will specialise in the sector for which it has relatively large home-biased procurement (the "pull" effect). Second, home-biased procurement can counter agglomeration forces and thereby attenuate the overall degree of international specialisation (the "spread" effect). Our empirical analysis, conducted on input-output data for the European Union, yields supporting evidence for the pull effect and some support for the spread effect. Es ist hinlänglich bekannt, dass Käufer aus dem öffentlichen Sektor dazu neigen, locale Zulieferer gegenüber ausländischen Produzenten zu bevorzugen. Wir untersuchen die Folgen solch Heimmarkt-bevorzugender Beschaffungspraktiken für die internationale wirtschaftliche Spezialisierung. In unserer theoretischen Analyse stoßen wir auf zwei Effekte. Einerseits finden wir, dass sich Länder tendenziell auf Industrien spezialisieren, auf die ein relative großer Anteil ihrer öffentlichen Ausgaben entfällt. Wir nennen dies den Anziehungseffekt ("pull effect") öffentlicher Ausgaben. Andererseits zeigt unser Modell, dass ein international symmetrisch hoher Anteil der öffentlichen Hand an der Gesamtnachfrage industriellen Agglomerationskräften entgegenwirken kann und damit die Intensität der industriellen Spezialisierung einzelner Länder verringert. Wir nennen dies den Dispersionseffekt ("spread effect") öffentlicher Ausgaben. Im empirischen Teil ziehen wir Input-Output-Daten für EULänder heran. Sowohl der Anziehungseffekt als auch der Dispersionseffekt werden von den Daten bestätigt.
title: Model-Free Approach for the Configurational Analysis of Marine Natural Products
Creators: name: Köck, Matthias
name: Reggelin, Michael
name: Immel, Stefan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2024

description: The NMR-based configurational analysis of complex marine natural products is still not a routine task. Different NMR parameters are used for the assignment of the relative configuration: NOE/ROE, homo- and heteronuclear J couplings as well as anisotropic parameters. The combined distance geometry (DG) and distance bounds driven dynamics (DDD) method allows a model-free approach for the determination of the relative configuration that is invariant to the choice of an initial starting structure and does not rely on comparisons with (DFT) calculated structures. Here, we will discuss the configurational analysis of five complex marine natural products or synthetic derivatives thereof: the cis-palau'amine derivatives 1a and 1b, tetrabromostyloguanidine (1c), plakilactone H (2), and manzamine A (3). The certainty of configurational assignments is evaluated in view of the accuracy of the NOE/ROE data available. These case studies will show the prospective breadth of application of the DG/DDD method.
Legal Framework as a Trade Barrier - Evidence from Transition Countries: Hungarian, Romanian and Slovene Examples
Creators: name: De Sousa, Jose
name: Disdier, Anne-Celia
name: De Sousa, Jose
name: Disdier, Anne-Celia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: legal framework
subject: border effects
subject: central and eastern European countries

description: Using the border effect approach, our paper examines the influence of the legal framework quality of the Central and Eastern European countries on international trade. This approach offers an evaluation of the borders' impact on trade. A market is fragmented when actual trade differs from the trade that would be expected in an economy without border-related barriers. Recent findings have emphasized informal trade barriers as obstacles to trade flows (Anderson and Marcouiller, 2002; Anderson and Young, 2000; Rauch, 2001). We introduce different measures of the legal framework quality, which appears as a significant informal trade barrier. Actually, in case of conflict between two trade partners, it proves to be difficult for a given partner to get damages. Therefore, incentives to trade could be reduced. We adopt and refine the theoretical monopolistic competition model of trade developed by Head and Mayer (2000) and estimate it focusing on imports of Hungary, Romania, and Slovenia from European Union (EU) and Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) countries. We find that legal framework quality appears as a strong determinant of export decisions of EU producers. In the opposite, the CEFTA producers seem to be less or not affected by this quality in their decisions of trade.
Price Dividend Models, Expectations Formation, and Monetary Policy
Creators: name: Valckx, Nico
name: Valckx, Nico
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: dividend price ratio
subject: dynamic Gordon model
subject: asset price bubbles
subject: Taylor rule

description: This paper applies the Campbell-Shiller (1988) methodology to estimate a price dividend model with volatility and inflation risk, extending existing models in this field. The model fits the data well over the period 1979-2002 for the Euro Area, but less so for the U.S. The latter is interpreted as reflecting fads and is borne out by a decomposition of the price dividend ratio into a fundamental and bubble part. Finally, it is shown that deviations from fundamentals enter significantly in the Fed's interest rate reaction function but at the cost of destabilising monetary policy. Alternatively, in case that Fed policy remained stable, there was not much of attention to asset bubbles. For the Euro Area, historically, the reaction function does not appear to react much to asset prices.
Developing Country Participation: The Kyoto-Marrakech Politics
Creators: name: Sari, Agus
name: Sari, Agus
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International climate policy
subject: Kyoto Protocol
subject: developing countries

description: The US has repeatedly criticized the lack of "meaningful participation" of developing countries in the Kyoto Protocol. I discuss the course of negotiations on developing country participation between the conferences at Kyoto in 1997 and Marrakech in 2001. The reluctance of developing countries to enter into discussions on quantitative emissions targets can be explained by the principle of "common, but differentiated responsibilities" enshrined in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the fact that both per capita cumulative emissions and per capita income are still much lower in developing countries than in the industrialized world. Moreover, the Clean Development Mechanism that generates emissions credits for projects in developing countries clearly has led to a participation of developing countries in greenhouse gas mitigation. However, one major problem for the negotiation strategy of developing countries has been the internal diversity ranging from OPEC countries that actively fight climate policy to the small island states extremely vulnerable to sea level rise. Especially the rapidly industrializing countries China, India, Brazil and Indonesia played a key role, stressing their voluntary activities to reduce energy intensity and subsidies for fossil fuels. Least developed countries were unable to muster a common voice. Thus, it was not possible to leverage resources for adaptation to climate change impacts apart from some voluntary pledges.
Magnetic Flux Tube Reconnection: Tunneling Versus Slingshot
Creators: name: Linton, M. G.
name: Antiochos, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrete nature of the solar magnetic field as it emerges into the corona through the photosphere indicates that it exists as isolated flux tubes in the convection zone, and will remain as discrete flux tubes in the corona until it collides and reconnects with other coronal fields. Collisions of these flux tubes will in general be three dimensional, and will often lead to reconnection, both rearranging the magnetic field topology in fundamental ways, and releasing magnetic energy. With the goal of better understanding these dynamics, we carry out a set of numerical experiments exploring fundamental characteristics of three dimensional magnetic flux tube reconnection. We first show that reconnecting flux tubes at opposite extremes of twist behave very differently: in some configurations, low twist tubes slingshot while high twist tubes tunnel. We then discuss a theory explaining these differences: by assuming helicity conservation during the reconnection one can show that at high twist, tunneled tubes reach a lower magnetic energy state than slingshot tubes, whereas at low twist the opposite holds. We test three predictions made by this theory. 1) We find that the level of twist at which the transition from slingshot to tunnel occurs is about two to three times higher than predicted on the basis of energetics and helicity conservation alone, probably because the dynamics of the reconnection play a large role as well. 2) We find that the tunnel occurs at all flux tube collision angles predicted by the theory. 3) We find that the amount of magnetic energy a slingshot or a tunnel reconnection releases agrees reasonably well with the theory, though at the high resistivities we have to use for numerical stability, a significant amount of magnetic energy is lost to diffusion, independent of reconnection.
description: 21 pages, 15 figures, submitted to ApJ
Bosonic versus fermionic pairs of topological spin defects in monolayered high-T_c superconductors
Creators: name: Garcia-Bach, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy associated with bosonic and fermionic pairs of topological spin defects in doped antiferromagnetic quantum spin-1/2 square lattice is estimated within a resonating valence bond scenario, as described by a t-t'-J-like model Hamiltonian, plus a t-perpendicular, responsible of a three-dimensional screening of the electrostatic repulsion within the bosonic pairs. For parameters appropriate for monolayered high-T_c superconductors, both fermionic and bosonic pairs show x^2-y^2 symmetry. We find a critical value of doping such that the energy of the bosonic pairs goes below twice the energy of two fermionic pairs at their Fermi level. This finding could be related to the onset of high-T_c superconductivity.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev. B
Effects of Type I Migration on Terrestrial Planet Formation
Creators: name: McNeil, D. S.
name: Duncan, M. J.
name: Levison, H. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planetary embryos embedded in a gas disc suffer a decay in semimajor axis -- type I migration -- due to the asymmetric torques produced by the interior and exterior wakes raised by the body (Goldreich & Tremaine 1980; Ward 1986). This presents a challenge for standard oligarchic approaches to forming the terrestrial planets (Kokubo & Ida 1998) as the timescale to grow the progenitor objects near 1 AU is longer than that for them to decay into the Sun. In this paper we investigate the middle and late stages of oligarchic growth using both semi-analytic methods (based upon Thommes et al. 2003) and N-body integrations, and vary gas properties such as dissipation timescale in different models of the protoplanetary disc. We conclude that even for near-nominal migration efficiencies and gas dissipation timescales of ~1 Myr it is possible to maintain sufficient mass in the terrestrial region to form Earth and Venus if the disc mass is enhanced by factors of ~2-4 over the minimum mass model. The resulting configurations differ in several ways from the initial conditions used in previous simulations of the final stages of terrestrial accretion (e.g. Chambers 2001), chiefly in (1) larger inter-embryo spacings, (2) larger embryo masses, and (3) up to ~0.4 Earth masses of material left in the form of planetesimals when the gas vanishes. The systems we produce are reasonably stable for ~100 Myr and therefore require an external source to stir up the embryos sufficiently to produce final systems resembling the terrestrial planets.
description: 49 pages, 22 figures; accepted in AJ, expected Dec '05
eta and eta' mesons and dimension 2 gluon condensate
Creators: name: Kekez, D.
name: Klabucar, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of light pseudoscalar quark-antiquark bound states in the Dyson-Schwinger approach with the effective QCD coupling enhanced by the interplay of the dimension 2 gluon condensate and dimension 4 gluon condensate , is extended to the eta-eta' complex. We include the effects of the gluon axial anomaly into the Dyson-Schwinger approach to mesons. The calculated masses, mixing and two-photon decay widths of eta and eta' mesons are in agreement with experiment. Also, in a model-independent way, we give the modification of the Gell-Mann--Okubo and Schwinger nonet relations due to the interplay of the gluon anomaly and SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking.
description: 15 pages, 2 tables, 1 eps figure, revtex4
Acute effects of alcohol on cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis: Insights from multiscale in silico analyses
Creators: name: Sutanto, Henry
name: Cluitmans, Matthijs
name: Dobrev, Dobromir
name: Volders, Paul G. A.
name: Bébarová, Markéta
name: Heijman, Jordi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111501 Basic Pharmacology
subject: 111601 Cell Physiology
subject: FOS: Basic medicine
subject: Diseases
subject: 111699 Medical Physiology not elsewhere classified
subject: Pathogenesis

description: Acute excessive ethyl alcohol (ethanol) consumption alters cardiac electrophysiology and can evoke cardiac arrhythmias, e.g., in ‘holiday heart syndrome’. Ethanol acutely modulates numerous targets in cardiomyocytes, including ion channels, Ca2+-handling proteins and gap junctions. However, the mechanisms underlying ethanol-induced arrhythmogenesis remain incompletely understood and difficult to study experimentally due to the multiple electrophysiological targets involved and their potential interactions with preexisting electrophysiological or structural substrates. Here, we employed cellular- and tissue-level in-silico analyses to characterize the acute effects of ethanol on cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis.Acute electrophysiological effects of ethanol were incorporated into human atrial and ventricular cardiomyocyte computer models: reduced INa, ICa,L, Ito, IKr and IKur, dual effects on IK1and IK,ACh (inhibition at low and augmentation at high concentrations), and increased INCX and SR Ca2+ leak. Multiscale simulations in the absence or presence of preexistent atrial fibrillation or heart-failure-related remodeling demonstrated that low ethanol concentrations prolonged atrial action-potential duration (APD) without effects on ventricular APD. Conversely, high ethanol concentrations abbreviated atrial APD and prolonged ventricular APD. High ethanol concentrations promoted reentry in tissue simulations, but the extent of reentry promotion was dependent on the presence of altered intercellular coupling, and the degree, type, and pattern of fibrosis.Taken together, these data provide novel mechanistic insight into the potential proarrhythmic interactions between a preexisting substrate and acute changes in cardiac electrophysiology. In particular, acute ethanol exposure has concentration-dependent electrophysiological effects that differ between atria and ventricles, and between healthy and diseased hearts. Low concentrations of ethanol can have anti-fibrillatory effects in atria, whereas high concentrations promote the inducibility and maintenance of reentrant atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, supporting a role for limiting alcohol intake as part of cardiac arrhythmia management.
Critical phenomena in presence of symmetric absorbing states: a microscopic spin model with tunable parameters
Creators: name: Azizi, Ahmadreza
name: Pleimling, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Langevin description of systems with two symmetric absorbing states yields a phase diagram with three different phases (disordered and active, ordered and active, absorbing) separated by critical lines belonging to three different universality classes (generalized voter, Ising, and directed percolation). In this paper we present a microscopic spin model with two symmetric absorbing states that has the property that the model parameters can be varied in a continuous way. Our results, obtained through extensive numerical simulations, indicate that all features of the Langevin description are encountered for our two-dimensionsal microscopic spin model. Thus the Ising and direction percolation lines merge into a generalized voter critical line at a point in parameter space that is not identical to the classical voter model. A vast range of different quantities are used to determine the universality classes of the order-disorder and absorbing phase transitions. The investigation of time-dependent quantities at a critical point belonging to the generalized voter universality class reveals a more complicated picture than previously discussed in the literature.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in the Physical Review E
Cardiomyocyte calcium handling in health and disease: Insights from in vitro and in silico studies
Creators: name: Sutanto, Henry
name: Lyon, Aurore
name: Lumens, Joost
name: Schotten, Ulrich
name: Dobrev, Dobromir
name: Heijman, Jordi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110201 Cardiology (incl. Cardiovascular Diseases)
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111601 Cell Physiology
subject: FOS: Basic medicine
subject: 111699 Medical Physiology not elsewhere classified
subject: 111207 Molecular Targets
subject: Pathogenesis

description: Calcium (Ca2+) plays a central role in cardiomyocyte excitation-contraction coupling. To ensure an optimal electrical impulse propagation and cardiac contraction, Ca2+ levels are regulated by a variety of Ca2+-handling proteins. In turn, Ca2+ modulates numerous electrophysiological processes. Accordingly, Ca2+-handling abnormalities can promote cardiac arrhythmias via various mechanisms, including the promotion of afterdepolarizations, ion-channel modulation and structural remodeling. In the last 30 years, significant improvements have been made in the computational modeling of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling under physiological and pathological conditions. However, numerous questions involving the Ca2+-dependent regulation of different macromolecular complexes, cross-talk between Ca2+-dependent regulatory pathways operating over a wide range of time scales, and bidirectional interactions between electrophysiology and mechanics remain to be addressed by in vitro and in silico studies. A better understanding of disease-specific Ca2+-dependent proarrhythmic mechanisms may facilitate the development of improved therapeutic strategies. In this review, we describe the fundamental mechanisms of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling in health and disease, and provide an overview of currently available computational models for cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling. Finally, we discuss important uncertainties and open questions about cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling and highlight how synergy between in vitro and in silico studies may help to answer several of these issues.
An introduction to the so-called Persian Diatessaron of Īwānnīs 'Izz al-Dīn of Tabrīz
Creators: name: Joosse, Nanne Peter
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 86 (2002): Oriens christianus, Band 86
City Size Distribution and Growth
Creators: name: Kopp, Andreas
name: Kopp, Andreas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: We discuss theoretical approaches to study the relationship between the size distribution of a nation's cities and macroeconomic growth. The discussion is based on the hypothesis of the New Growth Theory that inter-personal spillovers of education and skills determine the long-run growth of the economy. Growth theory treats such externalities as being uniformly effective over national territories and completely internal to nation-state. This suggests a link to urban economics which has a long tradition of considering human capital externalities as driving forces of the growth of urban centers, with productivity increases inducing immigration. From the perspective of the urbanization literature long-run macroeconomic growth is thus determined by the functioning of cities as a catalysts for human capital accumulation. Theoretical avenues to the relationship between the development of cities of different sizes and aggregate growth can be distinguished according to whether the spillovers occur between different production sectors or just within a single sector. Empirical studies of the interrelationship have proven to be inconclusive. In view of the results of the empirical research, the character of inter-personal human capital spillovers depends much on the technological maturity of city industries and calls for taking account of industry-specific innovation cycles. More attention has also to be devoted to the question of the generality or sector-specificity of human capital in peculiar industries. Das Diskussionspapier präsentiert Ansätze zur theoretischen Analyse der Beziehung zwischen der Größenverteilung der Städte eines Landes und dem volkswirtschaftlichen Wachstum. Die Bedeutung einer solchen Beziehung ist abgeleitet aus der Hypothese der Neuen Wachstumstheorie, daß Externalitäten der Humankapitalbildung der Wirtschaftssubjekte das langfristige Wachstum einer Volkswirtschaft bestimmen. Im Unterschied zur Wachstumstheorie standen diese Externalitäten in der Stadtökonomik seit langem im Mittelpunkt der Forschung, auf der Grundlage ihrer ausschließlich lokalen Wirksamkeit. Die theoretischen Ansätze zur Explizierung des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Stadtstruktur eines Landes und seinem langfristigen Wachstum unterscheiden sich in der Frage, ob die Externalitäten sektorunabhängig oder sektorspezifisch sind. Empirische Studien zu dieser Frage führen zu keiner Ablehnung einer der beiden Ansätze. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studien legen nahe, daß die theoretische Forschung Innovationszyklen einzelner Sektoren berücksichtigen muß. Darüber hinaus ist von Bedeutung, in welchem Verhältnis die in einem Sektor nachgefragten Qualifikationen sektor-spezifisch oder sektor-ungebunden sind.
On the massive stellar population of the Super Star Cluster Westerlund 1
Creators: name: Clark, J. S.
name: Negueruela, I.
name: Crowther, P. A.
name: Goodwin, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new spectroscopic and photometric observations of the young Galactic open cluster Westerlund 1 (Wd 1) that reveal a unique population of massive evolved stars. We identify ~200 cluster members and present spectroscopic classifications for ~25% of these. We find that all stars so classified are unambiguously post-Main Sequence objects, consistent with an apparent lack of an identifiable Main Sequence in our photometric data to V~20. We are able to identify rich populations of Wolf Rayet stars, OB supergiants and short lived transitional objects. Of these, the latter group consists of both hot (Luminous Blue Variable and extreme B supergiants) and cool (Yellow Hypergiant and Red Supergiant) objects - we find that half the known Galactic population of YHGs resides within Wd1. We obtain a mean V-M_V ~25 mag from the cluster Yellow Hypergiants, implying a Main Sequence turnoff at or below M_V =-5 (O7 V or later). Based solely on the masses inferred for the 53 spectroscopically classified stars, we determine an absolute minimum mass of \~1.5 x 10^3 Msun for Wd 1. However, considering the complete photometrically and spectroscopically selected cluster population and adopting a Kroupa IMF we infer a likely mass for Wd 1 of ~10^5 Msun, noting that inevitable source confusion and incompleteness are likely to render this an underestimate. As such, Wd 1 is the most massive compact young cluster yet identified in the Local Group, with a mass exceeding that of Galactic Centre clusters such as the Arches and Quintuplet. Indeed, the luminosity, inferred mass and compact nature of Wd 1 are comparable with those of Super Star Clusters - previously identified only in external galaxies - and is consistent with expectations for a Globular Cluster progenitor.
description: A&A in press, 24 pages with 19 figures. For full resolution version see http://www.edpsciences.org/articles/aa/pdf/press-releases/PRAA200506.pdf (now correct url)
Freyastera tuberculata
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruiyan
name: Zhou, Yadong
name: Mao, Jingwen
name: Wang, Chunsheng
name: Zhang, Dongsheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Brisingida
Freyellidae
Freyastera
Freyastera tuberculata

description: Freyastera tuberculata (Sladen, 1889)
Fig. 9 E – I
Freyella tuberculata: Sladen 1889: 638; Alcock 1893: 121; Mortensen 1927: 129; Korovchinsky and Galkin 1984: 1214 (in key); Galkin and Korovchinsky 1984: 167.
Freyellidea tuberculata: Fisher 1917: 429; H. L. Clark 1920: 113.
Freyastera tuberculata: Downey 1986: 41; Clark and Downey 1992: 482; Mah 1998: 78; Mah in Clark and Mah 2001: 319; Moreau et al. 2015: 8; Moreau et al. 2018: 147; Zhang et al. 2019: 7 (in key).
Material examined.
NHMUK 1890.5.7.1076 (syntype) (Fig. 9 E – I); NHMUK 1890.5.7.1077 (syntype).
Other material.
MNHN -IE-2008-1363; MNHN -IE-2017-1819; MNHN -IE-2019-5479; MNHN -IE-2019-5743; MNHN -IE-2019-5745. (Suppl. material 1).
Distribution.
Atlantic Ocean; Eastern Pacific; Indian Ocean; Bay of Bengal. 3365–5180 m. Type locality: Atlantic Ocean: between Canary Islands and Cape Verde Islands; between the coast of Africa and the Island of Ascension. 4298–4390 m.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Ruiyan, Zhou, Yadong, Mao, Jingwen, Wang, Chunsheng & Zhang, Dongsheng, 2025, Hidden diversity of Freyastera (Asteroidea, Brisingida, Freyellidae) at great depth: Description of new species and remarks on species boundaries, pp. 735-760 in Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (2) on pages 735-760, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.144918
Identifying edges that facilitate the generation of extreme events in networked dynamical systems
Creators: name: Bröhl, Timo
name: Lehnertz, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collective dynamics of complex networks of FitzHugh-Nagumo units exhibits rare and recurrent events of high amplitude (extreme events) that are preceded by so-called proto-events during which a certain fraction of the units become excited. Although it is well known that a sufficiently large fraction of excited units is required to turn a proto-event into an extreme event, it is not yet clear how the other units are being recruited into the final generation of an extreme event. Addressing this question and mimicking typical experimental situations, we investigate the centrality of edges in time-dependent interaction networks. We derived these networks from time series of the units' dynamics employing a widely used bivariate analysis technique. Using our recently proposed edge centrality concepts together with an edge-based network decomposition technique, we observe that the recruitment is primarily facilitated by sets of certain edges that have no equivalent in the underlying topology. Our finding might aid to improve the understanding of generation of extreme events in natural networked dynamical systems.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures,
Characterizing etched grating profiles with the Alpha-particle Energy Loss method
Creators: name: Kaiser, Christina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The effectiveness of Alpha-particle Energy Loss (AEL) spectroscopy for profiling 1D grating structures was investigated. An analytic simulation of AEL spectra was developed and compared with a Monte Carlo simulation. By a least squares fitting procedure, the analytic simulation was used to extract grating parameters from the experimental spectra of two types of grating structures. A 1D grating of silicon bars on a free standing silicon dioxide support layer was fabricated and profiled by AEL spectroscopy: the grating depth was determined along with a qualitative assessment of the grating sidewalls. AEL profiling of a gallium arsenide grating structure yielded measurement values in agreement with those obtained with a scanning electron microscope.
Routes towards Anderson-Like localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered optical lattices
Creators: name: Schulte, T.
name: Drenkelforth, S.
name: Kruse, J.
name: Ertmer, W.
name: Arlt, J.
name: Sacha, K.
name: Zakrzewski, J.
name: Lewenstein, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate, both experimentally and theoretically, possible routes towards Anderson-like localization of Bose-Einstein condensates in disordered potentials. The dependence of this quantum interference effect on the nonlinear interactions and the shape of the disorder potential is investigated. Experiments with an optical lattice and a superimposed disordered potential reveal the lack of Anderson localization. A theoretical analysis shows that this absence is due to the large length scale of the disorder potential as well as its screening by the nonlinear interactions. Further analysis shows that incommensurable superlattices should allow for the observation of the cross-over from the nonlinear screening regime to the Anderson localized case within realistic experimental parameters.
description: 4 pages to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Shared Mental Models, Catch-up Development and Economic Policy-Making: The Case of Germany after World War II and Its Significance for Contemporary Russia
Creators: name: Zweynert, Joachim
name: Zweynert, Joachim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Cultural Economics
subject: Economic Development
subject: Transition
subject: Totalitarianism

description: The paper deals with the connection between politically induced catch-up development, cultural and intellectual traditions and economic order in Germany and Russia. It is argued that in the history of both countries we encounter significant structural parallels, including the totalitarian experience. After World War II the German political elite managed to implement capitalism in a country, the population of which was still hostile towards capitalism. The key to success was that the German political rulers, in contrast to the Russian "young reformers" of the early 1990s, from the beginning on took into account the shared mental models prevailing in Germany. Therefore some lessons may be drawn from the German historical experience in regard to today's Russia.
PRICE ADJUSTMENTS IN CHERRY MARKETS
Creators: name: Schotzko, R. Thomas
name: Wilson, Wesley W.
name: Schotzko, R. Thomas
name: Wilson, Wesley W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Buyers of cherries trade initially without inspection. Upon receipt, buyers sometimes seek to renegotiate the earlier agreements. Empirical results suggest that changing market conditions, fruit quality, and characteristics of the trading partners significantly affect the probability that a trade is renegotiated.