cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Maximizing the electromagnetic chirality of thin metallic nanowires at optical frequencies
Creators: name: Fernandez-Corbaton, Ivan
name: Griesmaier, Roland
name: Knöller, Marvin
name: Rockstuhl, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78M50, (49Q10, 78A45)

description: Electromagnetic waves impinging on three-dimensional helical metallic metamaterials have been shown to exhibit chiral effects of large magnitude both theoretically and in experimental realizations. Chirality here describes different responses of scatterers, materials, or metamaterials to left and right circularly polarized electromagnetic waves. These differences can be quantified in terms of electromagnetic chirality measures. In this work we consider the optimal design of thin metallic free-form nanowires that possess measures of electromagnetic chirality as large as fundamentally possible. We focus on optical frequencies and use a gradient based optimization scheme to determine the optimal shape of highly chiral thin silver and gold nanowires. The electromagnetic chirality measures of our optimized nanowires exceed that of traditional metallic helices. Therefore, these should be well suited as building blocks of novel metamaterials with an increased chiral response. We discuss a series of numerical examples, and we evaluate the performance of different optimized designs.
RIS Synergy: Use Cases
Creators: name: Neff, Sabine
name: Hartmann, Simone
name: Hicker, Ulrike
name: Erat, Vanessa
name: Fürst, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: digitization project
data exchange
research information

description: RIS Synergy seeks to optimise administrative support for research projects by once only data entry and raise the international visibility of Austrian research. For this purpose, RIS Synergy first analysed the research information landscapes of all project partners, and discussed common denominators as well as differences. Based on this, the team defined use cases for future interfaces to describe the exchange of data between the CRIS of funding organisations and universities: exchange of funding programmes, project data, project output, financial data, organisational data. This poster presents the RIS Synergy use cases that will be implemented during the project duration, as well as further use case extensions.
Constraining the propagation speed of gravitational waves with compact binaries at cosmological distances
Creators: name: Nishizawa, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In testing gravity a model-independent way, one of crucial tests is measuring the propagation speed of a gravitational wave (GW). In general relativity, a GW propagates with the speed of light, while in the alternative theories of gravity the propagation speed could deviate from the speed of light due to the modification of gravity or spacetime structure at a quantum level. Previously we proposed the method measuring the GW speed by directly comparing the arrival times between a GW and a photon from the binary merger of neutron stars or neutron star and black hole, assuming that it is associated with a short gamma-ray burst. The sensitivity is limited by the intrinsic time delay between a GW and a photon at the source. In this paper, we extend the method to distinguish the intrinsic time delay from the true signal caused by anomalous GW speed with multiple events at cosmological distances, also considering the redshift distribution of GW sources, redshift-dependent GW propagation speed, and the statistics of intrinsic time delays. We show that an advanced GW detector such as Einstein Telescope will constrain the GW propagation speed at the precision of ~10^{-16}. We also discuss the optimal statistic to measure the GW speed, performing numerical simulations.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
A Gauge Field Theory of Coherent Matter Waves
Creators: name: Anderson, Dana Z.
name: Krzyzanowska, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A gauge field treatment of a current, oscillating at a fixed frequency, of interacting neutral atoms leads to a set of matter-wave duals to Maxwell's equations for the electromagnetic field. In contrast to electromagnetics, the velocity of propagation has a lower limit rather than upper limit and the wave impedance of otherwise free space is negative real-valued rather than 377 Ohms. Quantization of the field leads to the matteron, the gauge boson dual to the photon. Unlike the photon, the matteron is bound to an atom and carries negative rather than positive energy, causing the source of the current to undergo cooling. Eigenstates of the combined matter and gauge field annihilation operator define the coherent state of the matter-wave field, which exhibits classical coherence in the limit of large excitation.
description: 10 Pages, 3 figures
Additional file 2 of Identification of potential biomarkers related to mesenchymal stem cell response in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Creators: name: Choi, Yejoo
name: Shin, Sungho
name: Son, Hyo Jin
name: Lee, Na-Hee
name: Myeong, Su Hyeon
name: Lee, Cheolju
name: Jang, Hyemin
name: Choi, Soo Jin
name: Kim, Hee Jin
name: Na, Duk L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figures S1 and S2. Selected potential prediction and monitoring biomarkers candidates. ELISA validation data.
Next Generation Computational Tools for the Modeling and Design of Particle Accelerators at Exascale
Creators: name: Huebl, Axel
name: Lehe, Remi
name: Mitchell, Chad E.
name: Qiang, Ji
name: Ryne, Robert D.
name: Sandberg, Ryan T.
name: Vay, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.6.0; D.2.12; D.2.13
subject: 78-10

description: Particle accelerators are among the largest, most complex devices. To meet the challenges of increasing energy, intensity, accuracy, compactness, complexity and efficiency, increasingly sophisticated computational tools are required for their design and optimization. It is key that contemporary software take advantage of the latest advances in computer hardware and scientific software engineering practices, delivering speed, reproducibility and feature composability for the aforementioned challenges. A new open source software stack is being developed at the heart of the Beam pLasma Accelerator Simulation Toolkit (BLAST) by LBNL and collaborators, providing new particle-in-cell modeling codes capable of exploiting the power of GPUs on Exascale supercomputers. Combined with advanced numerical techniques, such as mesh-refinement, and intrinsic support for machine learning, these codes are primed to provide ultrafast to ultraprecise modeling for future accelerator design and operations.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures; NAPAC22, Invited Oral, TUYE2
RIS Synergy: Standards
Creators: name: Hartmann, Simone
name: Schautz, Mario
name: Fürst, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: RIS Synergy
digitization
data interfaces
CERIF
OpenAIRE Guidelines for CRIS Managers
research information

description: RIS Synergy establishes data exchange between IT systems of funding organisations and research institutions by developing decentralised data interfaces that build on international standards. This approach guarantees long-term system interoperability between various systems both domestically and on an international level. In this poster, we illustrate the process of standardisation that is applied to the project RIS SYNERGY and introduce two standards that are being implemented.
Ultraviolet Sensitivity of Peccei-Quinn Inflation
Creators: name: Cin, Davide Dal
name: Kobayashi, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radial direction of the Peccei--Quinn field can drive cosmic inflation, given a non-minimal coupling to gravity. This scenario has been considered to simultaneously explain inflation, the strong $CP$ problem, and dark matter. We argue that Peccei--Quinn inflation is extremely sensitive to higher-dimensional operators. Further combining with the discussion on the axion quality required for solving the strong $CP$ problem, we examine the validity of this scenario. We also show that after Peccei--Quinn inflation, resonant amplifications of the field fluctuation is inevitably triggered.
description: 26 pages plus appendices, 9 figures. v2: New appendix C, refs added . v3: Match with published version
Large difference between the magnetic properties of Ba and Ti co-doped BiFeO$_3$ bulk materials and their corresponding nanoparticles prepared by ultrasonication
Creators: name: Ahmmad, Bashir
name: Kanomata, Kensaku
name: Koike, Kunihiro
name: Kubota, Shigeru
name: Kato, Hiroaki
name: Hirose, Fumihiko
name: Billah, Areef
name: Jalil, M. A.
name: Basith, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ceramic pellets of the nominal compositions Bi$_{0.7}$Ba$_{0.3}$Fe$_{1-x}$Ti$_x$O$_3$ (x = 0.00-0.20) were prepared initially by standard solid state reaction technique. The pellets were then ground into micrometer-sized powders and mixed with isopropanol in an ultrasonic bath to prepare nanoparticles. The X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate the presence of a significant number of impurity phases in bulk powder materials. Interestingly, these secondary phases were completely removed due to the sonication of these bulk powder materials for 60 minutes. The field and temperature dependent magnetization measurements exhibited significant difference between the magnetic properties of the bulk materials and their corresponding nanoparticles. We anticipate that the large difference in the magnetic behavior may be associated with the presence and absence of secondary impurity phases in the bulk materials and their corresponding nanoparticles, respectively. The leakage current density of the bulk materials was also found to suppress in the ultrasonically prepared nanoparticles compared to that of bulk counterparts.
description: 9 pages in Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2016
Electroweak nuclear radii constrain the isospin breaking correction to $V_{ud}$
Creators: name: Seng, Chien-Yeah
name: Gorchtein, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We lay out a novel formalism to connect the isospin-symmetry breaking correction to the rates of superallowed nuclear beta decays, $δ_\text{C}$, to the isospin-breaking sensitive combinations of electroweak nuclear radii that can be accessed experimentally. We individuate transitions in the superallowed decay chart where a measurement of the neutron skin of a stable daughter even at a moderate precision could already help discriminating between models used to compute $δ_\text{C}$. We review the existing experimental situation and make connection to the existing and future experimental programs.
description: Version to appear on PLB. Some typos (e.g. the expansion formula of $\bar{f}_+(t)$) are corrected and a new section on experimental feasibility is included
Trichopria quadrifida Notton 1994
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mymaridae
Trichopria
Trichopria quadrifida

description: Trichopria quadrifida Notton, 1994: 201, fig. 1a.
Valid name
Trichopria quadrifida Notton, 1994.
Summary of types
Holotype ♀, BMNH number 9.890, by original designation. Paratype ♀.
Primary type data
Kent / Eynsford/ 31.viii.1929 / G.Nixon; Phaenopria / incrassata Janss. / G.Nixon det. 1978; ♀ Holotype / Trichopria / quadrifida/ n. sp./ D.G.Notton, 1992.
Type locality
England, Kent, Eynsford.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card point, and the left hind leg is missing.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on pages 105-106, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
RIS Synergy: Data Flows
Creators: name: Puttinger, Jakob
name: Neff, Sabine
name: Hicker, Ulrike
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: research information
data exchange
data interface
CERIF
project life cycle

description: RIS Synergy establishes the data exchange between the IT systems of funding organisations and research institutions. The key to this is process optimisation via technical interfaces and well-defined data flows. Aiming to improve data quality and freeing up resources on all sides, RIS Synergy contributes to the sustainable digitisation of the Austrian higher education sector. RIS Synergy is providing standards for exchanging meta data on research information, such as projects, funding calls, or publications, which are compliant to international standards (CERIF). This poster explains the use cases that the RIS Synergy project consortium has prioritised and that will be implemented as part of the project.
Effect of Dzyaloshinski-Moriya interaction on spin-polarized neutron scattering
Creators: name: Michels, Andreas
name: Mettus, Denis
name: Honecker, Dirk
name: Metlov, Konstantin L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For magnetic materials containing many lattice imperfections (e.g., nanocrystalline magnets), the relativistic Dzyaloshinski-Moriya (DM) interaction may result in nonuniform spin textures due to the lack of inversion symmetry at interfaces. Within the framework of the continuum theory of micromagnetics, we explore the impact of the DM interaction on the elastic magnetic small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) cross section of bulk ferromagnets. It is shown that the DM interaction gives rise to a polarization-dependent asymmetric term in the spin-flip SANS cross section. Analysis of this feature may provide a means to determine the DM constant.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
The exterior Dirichlet Problem for homogeneous complex $k$-Hessian equation
Creators: name: Gao, Zhenghuan
name: Ma, Xi-Nan
name: Zhang, Dekai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the homogeneous complex k-Hessian equation in an exterior domain $\mathbb{C}^n\setminusΩ$. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the $C^{1,1}$ solution by constructing approximating solutions. The key point for us is to establish the uniform gradient estimate and the second order estimate.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.13504
Fast Dynamic 1D Simulation of Divertor Plasmas with Neural PDE Surrogates
Creators: name: Poels, Yoeri
name: Derks, Gijs
name: Westerhof, Egbert
name: Minartz, Koen
name: Wiesen, Sven
name: Menkovski, Vlado
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Managing divertor plasmas is crucial for operating reactor scale tokamak devices due to heat and particle flux constraints on the divertor target. Simulation is an important tool to understand and control these plasmas, however, for real-time applications or exhaustive parameter scans only simple approximations are currently fast enough. We address this lack of fast simulators using neural PDE surrogates, data-driven neural network-based surrogate models trained using solutions generated with a classical numerical method. The surrogate approximates a time-stepping operator that evolves the full spatial solution of a reference physics-based model over time. We use DIV1D, a 1D dynamic model of the divertor plasma, as reference model to generate data. DIV1D's domain covers a 1D heat flux tube from the X-point (upstream) to the target. We simulate a realistic TCV divertor plasma with dynamics induced by upstream density ramps and provide an exploratory outlook towards fast transients. State-of-the-art neural PDE surrogates are evaluated in a common framework and extended for properties of the DIV1D data. We evaluate (1) the speed-accuracy trade-off; (2) recreating non-linear behavior; (3) data efficiency; and (4) parameter inter- and extrapolation. Once trained, neural PDE surrogates can faithfully approximate DIV1D's divertor plasma dynamics at sub real-time computation speeds: In the proposed configuration, 2ms of plasma dynamics can be computed in $\approx$0.63ms of wall-clock time, several orders of magnitude faster than DIV1D.
description: Published in Nuclear Fusion
Unveiling the influence of the radiation pressure in nature of orbits in the photogravitational restricted three-body problem
Creators: name: Zotos, Euaggelos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The case of the planar circular photogravitational restricted three-body problem where the more massive primary is an emitter of radiation is numerically investigated. A thorough numerical analysis takes place in the configuration $(x,y)$ and the $(x,C)$ space in which we classify initial conditions of orbits into three main categories: (i) bounded, (ii) escaping and (iii) collisional. Our results reveal that the radiation pressure factor has a huge impact on the character of orbits. Interpreting the collisional motion as leaking in the phase space we related our results to both chaotic scattering and the theory of leaking Hamiltonian systems. We successfully located the escape as well as the collisional basins and we managed to correlate them with the corresponding escape and collision times. We hope our contribution to be useful for a further understanding of the escape and collision properties of motion in this interesting version of the restricted three-body problem.
description: Published in Astrophysics and Space Science (A&SS) journal, article ID 1. arXiv admin note: previous papers with related context: arXiv:1508.05209, arXiv:1505.04185, arXiv:1511.04881; text overlap with arXiv:1212.2179 by other authors
Choose, not Hoard: Information-to-Model Matching for Artificial Intelligence in O-RAN
Creators: name: Martín-Pérez, Jorge
name: Molner, Nuria
name: Malandrino, Francesco
name: Bernardos, Carlos Jesús
name: de la Oliva, Antonio
name: Gomez-Barquero, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is an emerging paradigm, whereby virtualized network infrastructure elements from different vendors communicate via open, standardized interfaces. A key element therein is the RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based controller. Traditionally, all data available in the network has been used to train a single AI model to be used at the RIC. This paper introduces, discusses, and evaluates the creation of multiple AI model instances at different RICs, leveraging information from some (or all) locations for their training. This brings about a flexible relationship between gNBs, the AI models used to control them, and the data such models are trained with. Experiments with real-world traces show how using multiple AI model instances that choose training data from specific locations improve the performance of traditional approaches following the hoarding strategy.
title: A Comprehensive Approach for an Approximative Integration of Nonlinear-Bivariate Functions in Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Models
Creators: name: Roth, Maximilian
name: Franke, Georg
name: Rinderknecht, Stephan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: As decentralized energy supply units, microgrids can make a decisive contribution to achieving climate targets. In this context, it is particularly important to determine the optimal size of the energy components contained in the microgrids and their optimal operating schedule. Hence, mathematical optimization methods are often used in association with such tasks. In particular, mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) has proven to be a useful tool. Due to the versatility of the different energetic components (e.g., storages, solar modules) and their special technical characteristics, linear relationships can often only inadequately describe the real processes. In order to take advantage of linear solution techniques but at the same time better represent these real-world processes, accurate and efficient approximation techniques need to be applied in system modeling. In particular, nonlinear-bivariate functions represent a major challenge, which is why this paper derives and implements a method that addresses this issue. The advantage of this method is that any bivariate mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) formulation can be transformed into a MILP formulation using this comprehensive method. For a performance comparison, a mixed-integer quadratic constrained programming (MIQCP) model—as an MINLP special case—is applied and transformed into a MILP, and the solution of the transformed problem is compared with the one of the MIQCP. Since there are good off-the-shelf solvers for MIQCP problems available, the comparison is conservative. The results for an exemplary microgrid sizing task show that the method delivers a strong performance, both in terms of approximation error (0.08%) and computation time. The method and its implementation can serve as a general user-tool but also as a basis for further methodological developments and research.
Non-Gaussian work statistics at finite-time driving
Creators: name: Zawadzki, Krissia
name: Kiely, Anthony
name: Landi, Gabriel T.
name: Campbell, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study properties of the work distribution of a many-body system driven through a quantum phase transition in finite time. We focus on the non-Gaussianity of the distribution, which we characterize through two quantitative metrics: skewness and negentropy. In particular, we focus on the quantum Ising model and show that a finite duration of the ramp enhances the non-Gaussianity of the distribution for a finite size system. By examining the characteristics of the full distribution, we observe that there is a clear intermediate regime between the sudden quench and adiabatic limits, where the distribution becomes increasingly skewed.
Spin evolution of cold atomic gases in SU(2)$\otimes $U(1) fields
Creators: name: Tokatly, I. V.
name: Sherman, E. Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider response function and spin evolution in spin-orbit coupled cold atomic gases in a synthetic gauge magnetic field influencing solely the orbital motion of atoms. We demonstrate that various regimes of spin-orbit coupling strength, magnetic field, and disorder can be treated within a single approach based on the representation of atomic motion in terms of auxiliary collective classical trajectories. Our approach allows for a unified description of fermionic and bosonic gases.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
RIS Synergy: Persistent Identifiers
Creators: name: Erat, Vanessa
name: Fürst, Elena
name: Puttinger, Jakob
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Persistent Identifier
DOI
ORCID ID
ROR
Crossref Grant ID
RIS Synergy
data exchange
data interface

description: RIS Synergy establishes data exchange between IT systems of funding organisations and research institutions. The key to this is process optimisation via technical interfaces and well-defined data flows. Aiming to improve data quality and freeing up resources on all sides, RIS Synergy contributes to the sustainable digitisation of the Austrian higher education sector. This poster explains the significant value of persistent identifiers for the RIS Synergy project and the scientific community, and how PIDs work in general.
Collective modes and quantum effects in two-dimensional nanofluidic channels
Creators: name: Coquinot, Baptiste
name: Becker, Maximilian
name: Netz, Roland R.
name: Bocquet, Lydéric
name: Kavokine, Nikita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nanoscale fluid transport is typically pictured in terms of atomic-scale dynamics, as is natural in the real-space framework of molecular simulations. An alternative Fourier-space picture, that involves the collective charge fluctuation modes of both the liquid and the confining wall, has recently been successful at predicting new nanofluidic phenomena such as quantum friction and near-field heat transfer, that rely on the coupling of those fluctuations. Here, we study the charge fluctuation modes of a two-dimensional (planar) nanofluidic channel. Introducing confined response functions that generalize the notion of surface response function, we show that the channel walls exhibit coupled plasmon modes as soon as the confinement is comparable to the plasmon wavelength. Conversely, the water fluctuations remain remarkably bulk-like, with significant confinement effects arising only when the wall spacing is reduced to 7 A. We apply the confined response formalism to predict the dependence of the solid-water quantum friction and thermal boundary conductance on channel width for model channel wall materials. Our results provide a general framework for Coulomb interactions of fluctuating matter in nanoscale confinement.
Spin and charge transport induced by a twisted light beam on a surface of a topological insulator
Creators: name: Shintani, Kunitaka
name: Taguchi, Katsuhisa
name: Tanaka, Yukio
name: Kawaguchi, Yuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study spin and charge transport induced by a twisted light beam irradiated on a disordered surface of a doped three dimensional topological insulator (TI). We find that various types of spin vortices are imprinted on the surface of the TI depending on the spin and orbital angular momentum of the incident light. The key mechanism for the appearance of the unconventional spin structure is the spin-momentum locking in the surface state of the TI. Besides, the diffusive transport of electrons under an inhomogeneous electric field causes a gradient of the charge density, which then induces nonlocal charge current and spin density as well as the spin current. We discuss the relation between these quantities within the linear response to the applied electric field using the Keldysh-Green's function method.
description: 39 pages, 7 figures
A Two Martian Years Survey of Water Ice Clouds on Mars with ACS onboard TGO
Creators: name: Stcherbinine, Aurélien
name: Montmessin, Franck
name: Vincendon, Mathieu
name: Wolff, Michael J.
name: Vals, Margaux
name: Kovablev, Oleg
name: Fedorova, Anna
name: Trokhimovskiy, Alexander
name: Lacombe, Gaetan
name: Baggio, Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The middle infrared (MIR) channel of the Atmospheric Chemistry Suite (ACS) instrument onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) ESA-Roscosmos mission has performed Solar occultation measurements of the Martian atmosphere in the 2.3-4.2 $μ$m spectral range since March 2018, which now covers two Martian Years (MY). We use the methodology previously developed for the study of the MY 34 Global Dust Storm (GDS) (Stcherbinine et al., 2020) to monitor the properties (effective radii, extinction, altitude) of the Martian water ice clouds over the first two Martian years covered by ACS-MIR. The observations encompass the period $L_s$ = 163° in MY 34 to $L_s$ = 181° in MY 36. We determine that the typical altitude of the clouds varies by 20 to 40 km between the summer and winter, with a maximum extension up to 80 km during summer in the midlatitudes. Similarly, we also note that for a limited temporal range, the altitude of the clouds also varies by 20 to 40 km between the polar regions and the midlatitudes. We also compare observations acquired during the MY 34 GDS to observations from the same period in MY 35, using that latter as a reference to characterize the effects of this GDS on the clouds' properties. In addition, we compare our retrievals with the predictions of the Mars Planetary Climate Model (PCM), which shows a reasonable agreement overall for the altitude of the clouds, although the model usually predicts lower altitudes for the top of the clouds.
(PDF)Limnological Study of Lake Tanganyika with Special Emphasis on Pisciculture Potentiality
Creators: name: Niyoyitungiye, Lambert
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Water quality, LakeTanganyika, Fish abundance and Planktons diversity

description: The water of Lake Tanganyika is subject to changes in physicochemical characteristics resulting in the deterioration of water quality to a great pace. The present investigation was carried out on Lake Tanganyika at 4 sampling sites and aimed to assess the water quality with reference to (i) its suitability for fish culture purposes, (ii) determining the trophic and pollution status of the sampled stations, (iii) assessing the qualitative and quantitative pattern of planktons diversity as fish food, (iv) establishing an inventory and taxonomic characterization of fish species diversity and (v) highlighting the effect of pollutants on the abundance and spatial distribution of fish species.
 The physico-chemical and biological parameters of water samples were compared to desirable and acceptable international standards for fish culture and the results of comparative analysis indicated that the Lake has a high fish potential as the most important of the water quality parameters were suitable for fish culture. The investigation revealed the occurrence of 75 species belonging to 7different orders and 12 families in all sampling sites and among the different species recorded, those belonging to the order Perciformes and the family Cichlidae were most dominant. The values of transparency, chlorophyll a and total phosphorus were indicative of eutrophication phenomenon. Besides, Kajaga and Nyamugari stations were found heavily polluted while Rumonge and Mvugo Stations were moderately polluted and for this purpose, three categories of fish species have been distinguished, depending on their adaptation level to pollution: polluosensitive species, polluotolerant species and polluoresistant species. With respect to planktons community results, it was found that all the values obtained were within the permissible limits recommended in pisciculture and, the abundance and diversity of phytoplankton species were far greater than those of zooplankton species with 115species belonging to 7differet families for phytoplanktons against 10species belonging to 4families for zooplankton population in all sampling stations.
Additional file 1 of ‘A Different Ball Game’: Adaptation of a men’s health program for implementation in rural Australia
Creators: name: McDonald, Matthew D.
name: Hunt, Kate
name: Moullin, Joanna
name: Kerr, Deborah
name: Ntoumanis, Nikos
name: Quested, Eleanor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
classificationCode: 69999
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
classificationCode: 110309
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Spatial and Temporal Segmentation for Modelling Cyclists' Pollution Exposure. NZGRC 2022.
Creators: name: Kolston, Sophie
name: Sila-Nowicka, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90903 Geospatial Information Systems
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: There are countless studies around pollutant inhalation while cycling, but few that critically analyse sampling intervals and/or segmentation of secondary datasets. When fusing GPS data with pollutant measurements / models, the pollutant data will be segmented, either intrinsically as a result of sampling interval, or manually when emulating this sampling interval for secondary datasets. This study seeks to develop a methodology for spatial and temporal segmentation, and to analyse the impact of this segmentation on the final inhalation calculations. Pollutant and GPS trajectory data were fused to create a basic dataset of pollutant presence during bike rides. The segmentation of this fused data, both spatially and temporally, represents different pollutant sensors and was used to show how sensing intervals impact overall exposure calculations. It was found that temporal intervals over 10s lead to imprecise exposure calculations, with spatial data being far less sensitive to larger intervals. These conclusions can be used to assess sensors for future studies, allowing a researcher to choose a sensor that measures at an interval that has been shown to not reduce final data quality. The methodology for segmenting pollutant data developed in this study can also be used as a guide for future research. This methodology could be applied to normalize the sampling interval for both measured and modelled data, potentially increasing accuracy of comparisons between these data types.
Generalized Matsumoto-Tits sections and quantum quasi-shuffle algebras
Creators: name: Fang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper generalized Matsumoto-Tits sections lifting permutations to the algebra associated to a generalized virtual braid monoid are defined. They are then applied to study the defining relations of the quantum quasi-shuffle algebras via the total symmetrization operator.
description: 18 pages
Thermalization of non-Fermi-liquid electron-phonon systems: Hydrodynamic relaxation of the Yukawa-Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model
Creators: name: Hosseinabadi, Hossein
name: Kelly, Shane P.
name: Schmalian, Jörg
name: Marino, Jamir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermalization dynamics in a fermion-phonon variant of the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model coupled to an external cold thermal bath of harmonic oscillators. We find that quantum critical fermions thermalize more efficiently than phonons, in sharp contrast to the behavior in the Fermi liquid regime. In addition, after a short prethermal stage, the system acquires a quasi-thermal distribution given by a time-dependent effective temperature, reminiscent of "hydrodynamic" relaxation. All physical observables relax at the same rate which scales with the final temperature through an exponent that depends universally on the low energy spectrum of the system and the bath. Such relaxation rate is derived using a hydrodynamic approximation in full agreement with the numerical solution of a set quantum kinetic equations derived from the Keldysh formalism for non-equilibrium Green's functions. Our results hint toward further research on the applicability of the hydrodynamic picture in the description of the late time dynamics of open quantum systems despite the absence of conserved quantities in regimes dominated by conserving collisions.
Finite Element Modeling of Pneumatic Bending Actuators for Inflated-Beam Robots
Creators: name: Pasquier, Cosima du
name: Jeong, Sehui
name: Okamura, Allison M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inflated-beam soft robots, such as tip-everting vine robots, can control curvature by contracting one beam side via pneumatic actuation. This work develops a general finite element modeling approach to characterize their bending. The model is validated across four pneumatic actuator types (series, compression, embedded, and fabric pneumatic artificial muscles), and can be extended to other designs. These actuators employ two bending mechanisms: geometry-based contraction and material-based contraction. The model accounts for intricate nonlinear effects of buckling and anisotropy. Experimental validation includes three working pressures (10, 20, and 30 kPa) for each actuator type. Geometry-based contraction yields significant deformation (92.1% accuracy) once the buckling pattern forms, reducing slightly to 80.7% accuracy at lower pressures due to stress singularities during buckling. Material-based contraction achieves smaller bending angles but remains at least 96.7% accurate. The open source models available at http://www.vinerobots.org support designing inflated-beam robots like tip-everting vine robots, contributing to waste reduction by optimizing designs based on material properties and stress distribution for effective bending and stress management.
Compressibility and speeds of sound across the superfluid to supersolid phase transition of an elongated dipolar gas
Creators: name: Blakie, P. B.
name: Chomaz, L.
name: Baillie, D.
name: Ferlaino, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the excitation spectrum and compressibility of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate in an infinite tube potential in the parameter regime where the transition between superfluid and supersolid phases occurs. Our study focuses on the density range in which crystalline order develops continuously across the transition. Above the transition the superfluid shows a single gapless excitation band, phononic at small momenta and with a roton at a finite momentum. Below the transition, two gapless excitations branches (three at the transition point) emerge in the supersolid. We examine the two gapless excitation bands and their associated speeds of sound in the supersolid phase. Our results show that the speeds of sound and the compressibility are discontinuous at the transition, indicating a second-order phase transition. These results provide valuable insights into the identification of supersolid phenomena in dipolar quantum gases and the relationship to supersolidity in spin-orbit coupled gases.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Potential Subpopulations and Assembling Tendency of the Merging Black Holes
Creators: name: Wang, Yuan-Zhu
name: Li, Yin-Jie
name: Vink, Jorick S.
name: Fan, Yi-Zhong
name: Tang, Shao-Peng
name: Qin, Ying
name: Wei, Da-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origins of coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) detected by the advanced LIGO/Virgo are still under debate, and clues may be present in the joint mass-spin distribution of these merger events. Here we construct phenomenological models containing two sub-populations to investigate the BBH population detected in gravitational wave observations. We find that our models can explain the GWTC-3 data rather well, and several constraints to our model are required by the data: first, the maximum mass for the component with a stellar-origin, $m_{\rm max}$, is $39.1^{+2.4}_{-2.7}M_{\odot}$ at 90\% credibility; second, about $15\%$ of the mergers happen in dynamical environments, in which $7-16\%$ of events are hierarchical mergers, and these BHs have an average spin magnitude significantly larger than the first-generation mergers, with ${\rm d}μ_{\rm a} > 0.4 $ at $99\%$ credibility; third, the dynamical component BHs tend to pair with each other with larger total mass and higher mass ratio. An independent analysis focusing on spins is also carried out, and we find that the spin amplitude of component BHs can be divided into two groups according to a division mass $m_{\rm d} = 46.1^{+5.6}_{-5.1}M_{\odot}$. These constraints can be naturally explained by current formation channels, and our results suggest that some of the observed events were likely from AGN disks.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures. Published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
A note on the periodic methanol masers in G9.62+0.20E
Creators: name: van der Walt, DJ
name: Maswanganye, JM
name: Etoka, S
name: Goedhart, S
name: Heever, SP van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of mechanisms to understand the periodic class II methanol masers associated with some high-mass star forming regions have been proposed in the past. Two recent proposals, ie. by Parfenov &Sobolev (2014) and Sanna et al. (2015) have been presented in order to explain the periodic masers in sources with light curves similar to the methanol masers in G9.62+0.20E. We evaluate to what extent the proposals and models presented by these authors can explain the light curve of the methanol masers in G9.62+0.20E. It is argued that neither of the proposed mechanisms can reproduce the light curves of the methanol masers in G9.62+0.20E.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. To appear in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Spatial and Temporal Segmentation for Modelling Cyclists' Pollution Exposure
Creators: name: Kolston, Sophie
name: Sila-Nowicka, Katarzyna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90903 Geospatial Information Systems
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: There are countless studies around pollutant inhalation while cycling, but few that critically analyse sampling intervals and/or segmentation of secondary datasets. When fusing GPS data with pollutant measurements / models, the pollutant data will be segmented, either intrinsically as a result of sampling interval, or manually when emulating this sampling interval for secondary datasets. This study seeks to develop a methodology for spatial and temporal segmentation, and to analyse the impact of this segmentation on the final inhalation calculations. Pollutant and GPS trajectory data were fused to create a basic dataset of pollutant presence during bike rides. The segmentation of this fused data, both spatially and temporally, represents different pollutant sensors and was used to show how sensing intervals impact overall exposure calculations. It was found that temporal intervals over 10s lead to imprecise exposure calculations, with spatial data being far less sensitive to larger intervals. These conclusions can be used to assess sensors for future studies, allowing a researcher to choose a sensor that measures at an interval that has been shown to not reduce final data quality. The methodology for segmenting pollutant data developed in this study can also be used as a guide for future research. This methodology could be applied to normalize the sampling interval for both measured and modelled data, potentially increasing accuracy of comparisons between these data types.
Environmental sub-MeV neutron measurement at the Gran Sasso surface laboratory with a super-fine-grained nuclear emulsion detector
Creators: name: Shiraishi, T.
name: Akamatsu, S.
name: Naka, T.
name: Asada, T.
name: De Lellis, G.
name: Tioukov, V.
name: Rosa, G.
name: Kobayashi, R.
name: Ambrosio, N.
name: Alexandrov, A.
name: Sato, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of environmental neutrons is particularly important in the search for new physics, such as dark matter particles, because neutrons constitute an often-irreducible background source. The measurement of the neutron energy spectra in the sub-MeV scale is technically difficult because it requires a very good energy resolution and a very high $γ$-ray rejection power. In this study, we used a super-fine-grained nuclear emulsion, called Nano Imaging Tracker (NIT), as a neutron detector. The main target of neutrons is the hydrogen (proton) content of emulsion films. Through a topological analysis, proton recoils induced by neutron scattering can be detected as tracks with sub-micrometric accuracy. This method shows an extremely high $γ$-ray rejection power, at the level of $5 \times 10^7 ~ γ/\rm{cm}^2$, which is equivalent to 5 years accumulation of environmental $γ$-rays, and a very good energy and direction resolution even in the sub-MeV energy region. In order to carry out this measurement with sufficient statistics, we upgraded the automated scanning system to achieve a speed of 250 g/year/machine. We calibrated the detector performance of this system with 880 keV monochromatic neutrons: a very good agreement with the expectation was found for all the relevant kinematic variables. The application of the developed method to a sample exposed at the INFN Gran Sasso surface laboratory provided the first measurement of sub-MeV environmental neutrons with a flux of $(7.6 \pm 1.7) \times 10^{-3} \rm{cm}^{-2} \rm{s}^{-1}$ in the proton energy range between 0.25 and 1 MeV (corresponds to neutron energy range between 0.25 and 10 MeV), consistent with the prediction. The neutron energy and direction distributions also show a good agreement.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures