cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Compton reflection dominated spectrum in a peculiar accreting neutron star
Creators: name: Rea, Nanda
name: Stella, Luigi
name: Israel, Gian Luca
name: Matt, Giorgio
name: Zane, Silvia
name: Segreto, Alberto
name: Oosterbroek, Tim
name: Orlandini, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a puzzling event occurred during a long BeppoSAX observation of the slow-rotating binary pulsar GX 1+4. During this event, lasting about 1 day, the source X-ray flux was over a factor 10 lower than normal. The low-energy pulsations disappeared while at higher energies they were shifted in phase. The spectrum taken outside this low-intensity event was well fitted by an absorbed cut-off power law, and exhibited a broad iron line at ~6.5 keV probably due to the blending of the neutral (6.4 keV) and ionised (6.7 keV) K_alpha iron lines. The spectrum during the event was Compton reflection dominated and it showed two narrow iron lines at ~6.4 keV and ~7.0 keV, the latter never revealed before in this source. We also present a possible model for this event in which a variation of the accretion rate thickens a torus-like accretion disc which hides for a while the direct neutron star emission from our line of sight. In this scenario the Compton reflected emission observed during the event is well explained in terms of emission reflected by the side of the torus facing our line of sight.
description: 10 pages; to be published in MNRAS
Hurdles to international terrorist alliances : lessons from Al Qaeda's experience
Creators: name: Bacon, Tricia
Publisher: name: Terrorism and Political Violence Journal
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4402
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law

description: Despite the threat posed by international terrorist alliances, the conditions that foster and inhibit these relationships remain poorly understood. When seeking allies outside of their primary conflict and political market, groups struggle to forge credible commitments, particularly the requisite ‘shadows of the future’ and reputations conducive to cooperation, without third-party enforcers. Given their suspicious nature and strong in-group identities, terrorist groups sometimes balk at relinquishing independence for security. Alliances risk precipitating counterterrorism pressure, alienating constituents, and increasing the risk of betrayal. Even groups that enjoy alliance success, like Al Qaeda, experience these hurdles in their alliance. What helped to set Al Qaeda apart from most groups was its ability to navigate these obstacles, though some bedeviled its alliances efforts. This offers under-utilized opportunities for alliance disruption.
Additional file 1 of Echinacoside exhibits antidepressant-like effects through AMPAR–Akt/ERK–mTOR pathway stimulation and BDNF expression in mice
Creators: name: Chuang, Han-Wen
name: Wang, Tse-Yen
name: Huang, Chih-Chia
name: Wei, I-Hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. The information of Western blot analysis used in this study.
Development of methodology of alternative rationale for financial ensuring of bridges building/Britchenko Igor, Maksym Bezpartochnyi, Yaroslava Levchenko//VUZF review. – VUZF, Sofia (Bulgaria). - № 5(1). - 2020
Creators: name: Britchenko, Igor
name: Bezpartochnyi, Maksym
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 140202 Economic Development and Growth
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Economics
subject: 140199 Economic Theory not elsewhere classified
subject: 140207 Financial Economics

description: The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for alternative substantiation of financial support for bridge construction. To achieve the purpose, the following general scientific and special methods and techniques of research were used: “golden ratio” rule; systematization and generalization; generalization of the results of the analysis and the logical generation of conclusions. Initially, the article analyzed the state of bridge structures in Europe and Ukraine. Based on the analysis, a disappointing situation has been ident ified, namely that a significant ratio of bridges number require major overhaul or are in critical condition. During the research, the following tasks were solved, namely: physical wear of the bridge as a failure was considered; the feasibility of investing in reconstruction or new bridge construction was determined. For the purpose of rational use of financial resources, which are limited in the age of economic challenges, and on the basis of the rule of “golden proportion”, the maximum percentage of investment in reconstruction is determined. If the limit is exceeded, it is decided to build a new bridge.
A Strategic Plan to Increase Transit Use through the U-Pass Program at UBC Okanagan
Creators: name: Ross, Michael
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Falling Behind and Catching up : India’s Transition from a Colonial Economy
Creators: name: Gupta, Bishnupriya
name: Gupta, Bishnupriya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: India fell behind during colonial rule. The absolute and relative decline of Indian GDP per capita with respect to Britain began before colonization and coincided with the rising textile trade with Europe in the 18th century. The decline of traditional industries was not the main driver Indian decline and stagnation. Inadequate investment in agriculture and consequent decline in yield per acre stalled economic growth. Modern industries emerged and grew relatively fast. The falling behind was reversed after independence. Policies of industrialization and a green revolution in agriculture increased productivity growth in agriculture and industry, but Indian growth has been led by services. A strong focus on higher education under colonial policy had created an advantage for the service sector, which today has a high concentration of human capital. However, the slow expansion in primary education was a disadvantage in comparison with the high growth East Asian economies
Hurdles to international terrorist alliances : lessons from Al Qaeda's experience
Creators: name: Bacon, Tricia
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Despite the threat posed by international terrorist alliances, the conditions that foster and inhibit these relationships remain poorly understood. When seeking allies outside of their primary conflict and political market, groups struggle to forge credible commitments, particularly the requisite ‘shadows of the future’ and reputations conducive to cooperation, without third-party enforcers. Given their suspicious nature and strong in-group identities, terrorist groups sometimes balk at relinquishing independence for security. Alliances risk precipitating counterterrorism pressure, alienating constituents, and increasing the risk of betrayal. Even groups that enjoy alliance success, like Al Qaeda, experience these hurdles in their alliance. What helped to set Al Qaeda apart from most groups was its ability to navigate these obstacles, though some bedeviled its alliances efforts. This offers under-utilized opportunities for alliance disruption.
Magnetically-ordered quasicrystals: Enumeration of spin groups and calculation of magnetic selection rules
Creators: name: Lifshitz, Ron
name: Mandel, Shahar Even-Dar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the details of the theory of magnetic symmetry in quasicrystals, which has previously only been outlined. We develop a practical formalism for the enumeration of spin point groups and spin space groups, and for the calculation of selection rules for neutron scattering experiments. We demonstrate the formalism using the simple, yet non-trivial, example of magnetically-ordered octagonal quasicrystals in two dimensions. In a companion paper we shall provide complete results for octagonal quasicrystals in three dimensions.
description: Contains 1 figure in color (Fig. 3 on page 16)
Unintended consequences of community-based monitoring systems : lessons from an HIV prevention intervention for sex workers in south India
Creators: name: Biradavolu, Monica Rao
name: Blankenship, Kim
name: George, Annie
name: Dhungana, Nimesh
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Studies have examined whether community-based monitoring systems impact desired program outcomes, but few provide field-based evidence on the implementation process itself. This paper fills the gap using ethnographic data on the community-based monitoring tools developed by an HIV prevention NGO for sex workers in south India. The tool was well conceptualized, with potential to enhance community participation in program design. Yet, despite best intentions, our findings show that the quantification process undermined community ownership, discredited existing and locally informed sex work practices and, rather than empowering, monitoring became a means to discipline and judge sex worker peer educators.
The UBC Food System Project (UBCFSP) : summary report 2006
Creators: name: Richer, Liska
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The UBC Food System Project (UBCFSP) is a collaborative, community-based action research project initiated jointly in 2001 between the Faculty of Land and Food Systems and the Sustainability Office’s Social Ecological Economic Development Studies Program (SEEDS). The Project involves multiple partners and collaborators, including: UBC Food Services (UBCFS), AMS Food and Beverage Department (AMSFBD), UBC Waste Management (UBCWM), Centre for Sustainable Food Systems at UBC Farm, UBC Sage Bistro, UBC Campus and Community Planning (CCP), Sauder School of Business classes, UBC Sustainability Office (SO), Social, Economic, Ecological Development Studies (SEEDS), and the Faculty of Land and Food Systems students and teaching team. The UBCFSP is part of an Agricultural Science 450 Land, Food and Community (LFC) III course, a mandatory capstone course required for all 4th year Faculty of Land and Food System students. The Project commenced five years ago and has involved six generations of AGSC 450 students, 767 students (105 AGSC 450 groups and 3 Sauder School of Business and 1 Global Resource Systems student group) in total. The main goals of the UBCFSP are the following: 1. To conduct a UBC food system sustainability assessment. 2. To create a shared vision and a model among partners and collaborators of a sustainable food system. 3. To identify barriers that impinge on the ability to make transitions towards UBC food system sustainability. 4. To develop opportunities and recommendations to UBCFSP partners and collaborators. 5. To implement measures to make transitions towards UBC food system sustainability. 6. To give students opportunities to apply all learning from their program specialization and the Land, Food and Community (LFC) series in a transdisciplinary real life project. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Unintended consequences of community-based monitoring systems : lessons from an HIV prevention intervention for sex workers in south India
Creators: name: Biradavolu, Monica Rao
name: Blankenship, Kim
name: George, Annie
name: Dhungana, Nimesh
Publisher: name: World Development Journal
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Studies have examined whether community-based monitoring systems impact desired program outcomes, but few provide field-based evidence on the implementation process itself. This paper fills the gap using ethnographic data on the community-based monitoring tools developed by an HIV prevention NGO for sex workers in south India. The tool was well conceptualized, with potential to enhance community participation in program design. Yet, despite best intentions, our findings show that the quantification process undermined community ownership, discredited existing and locally informed sex work practices and, rather than empowering, monitoring became a means to discipline and judge sex worker peer educators.
Microwave absorption/reflection and magneto-transport experiments on high-mobility electron gas
Creators: name: Studenikin, S. A.
name: Potemski, M.
name: Sachrajda, A.
name: Hilke, M.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: West, K. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed simultaneous measurements of microwave absorption/reflection and magneto-transport characteristics of a high mobility two-dimensional electrons in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure in regime of Microwave-Induced Resistance Oscillations (MIROs). It is shown that the electrodynamic aspect of the problem is important in these experiments. In the absorption experiments a broad cyclotron resonance line was observed due to a large reflection from the highly conductive electron gas. There were no additional features observed related to absorption at harmonics of the cyclotron resonance. In near-field reflection experiments a very different oscillation pattern was revealed when compared to MIROs. The oscillation pattern observed in the reflection experiments is probably due to plasma effects occurring in a finite-size sample. The whole microscopic picture of MIROs is more complicated than simply a resonant absorption at harmonics of the cyclotron resonance. Nevertheless, the experimental observations are in good agreement with the model by Ryzhii et al. involving the photo-assisted scattering in the presence of a crossed magnetic field and dc bias. The observed damping factor of MIROs may be attributed to a change in the electron mobility as a function of temperature.
description: to be published in IEEE Transactions On Nanotechnology
Additional file 1 of A practical approach for geographic prioritization and targeting of insecticide-treated net distribution campaigns during public health emergencies and in resource-limited settings
Creators: name: Young, Alyssa J.
name: Eaton, Will
name: Worges, Matt
name: Hiruy, Honelgn
name: Maxwell, Kolawole
name: Audu, Bala Mohammed
name: Marasciulo, Madeleine
name: Nelson, Charles
name: Tibenderana, James
name: Abeku, Tarekegn A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. GitHub repository: Tulane Malaria Consortium ITN prioritization methodology Nigeria. Syntax and code for each step listed in the prioritization framework (Table 4) can be found in this public GitHub repository titled Tulane Malaria Consortium ITN prioritization methodology Nigeria
Change over time in police interactions and HIV risk behavior among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Erausquin, Jennifer Toller
name: Reed, Elizabeth
name: Blankenship, Kim
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Little is known about the effectiveness of intervening to change interactions between female sex workers (FSWs) and police in order to reduce HIV risk. Using data collected in the context of a HIV prevention intervention that included components to change policing practices (n = 1,680), we examine the association of FSWs’ reports of negative police interactions and HIV risk behaviors and whether these associations varied over time. Results show negative police interactions declined significantly over time. FSWs who had more than one negative police interaction were more likely to experience STI symptoms (AOR 2.97 [95 % CI 2.27–3.89]), inconsistently use condoms with their clients (AOR 1.36 [95 % CI 1.03–1.79]), and accept more money for condomless sex (AOR 2.37 [95 % CI 1.76–3.21]). Over time, these associations were stable or increased. Even where interventions have reduced the number of police incidents experienced by FSWs, stakeholders in HIV prevention must remain vigilant in challenging these incidents.
Production of axionlike particles in $PbPb$ collisions at the LHC, HE -- LHC and FCC: A phenomenological analysis
Creators: name: Coelho, R. O.
name: Goncalves, V. P.
name: Martins, D. E.
name: Rangel, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of axionlike particles (ALP) in ultraperipheral $PbPb$ collisions (UPHIC) is investigated considering the energies of the next run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and of the future High Energy -- LHC (HE -- LHC) and Future Circular Collider (FCC). Assuming four different combinations for the ALP mass and coupling and the typical exclusivity cuts for central and forward detectors, we estimate the cross section and invariant mass, rapidity, transverse momentum and {acoplanarity} distributions associated to the diphoton final state produced in the $γγ\rightarrow a \rightarrow γγ$ subprocesses. A detailed analysis of the backgrounds is performed. We demonstrate that the backgrounds can be strongly reduced by the exclusivity cuts and that a forward detector, as the LHCb, is ideal to probe an ALP with small mass. Finally, our results indicate that a future experimental analysis of the diphoton final state in UPHIC can probe the existence and properties of axionlike particles.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2002.03902
The Impact of Public Employment : Evidence from Bonn
Creators: name: Becker, Sascha O.
name: Heblich, Stephan
name: Sturm, Daniel M.
name: Becker, Sascha O.
name: Heblich, Stephan
name: Sturm, Daniel M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Economic Geography
subject: Public Employment
subject: Place-Based Policies
subject: German Division

description: This paper evaluates the impact of public employment on private sector activity using the relocation of the German federal government from Berlin to Bonn in the wake of the Second World War as a source of exogenous variation. To guide our empirical analysis, we develop a simple economic geography model in which public sector employment in a city can crowd out private employment through higher wages and house prices, but also generates potential productivity and amenity spillovers. We nd that relative to a control group of cities, Bonn experiences a substantial increase in public employment. However, this results in only modest increases in private sector employment with each additional public sector job destroying around 0.2 jobs in industries and creating just over one additional job in other parts of the private sector. We show how this nding can be explained by our model and provide several pieces of evidence for the mechanisms emphasised by the model.
Role of SIRT1 in HIV-associated kidney disease Supplemental File
Creators: name: Wang, Xuan
name: Ruijie Liu
name: Weijia Zhang
name: Hyink, Deborah
name: Gokul C. Das
name: Zhengzhe Li
name: Wang, Andrew
name: Weijie Yuan
name: Klotman, Paul E.
name: Lee, Kyung
name: He, John
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110312 Nephrology and Urology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplemental Figure
A Model of the Fed’s View on Inflation
Creators: name: Hasenzagl, Thomas
name: Pellegrino, Filippo
name: Reichlin, Lucrezia
name: Ricco, Giovanni
name: Hasenzagl, Thomas
name: Pellegrino, Filippo
name: Reichlin, Lucrezia
name: Ricco, Giovanni
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: A view often expressed by the Fed is that three components matter in inflation dynamics: a trend anchored by long run inflation expectations; a cycle connecting nominal and real variables; and oil prices. This paper proposes an econometric structural model of inflation formalising this view. Our findings point to a stable expectational trend, a sizeable and well identified Phillips curve and an oil cycle which, contrary to the standard rational expectation model, affects inflation via expectations without being reflected in the output gap. The latter often overpowers the Phillips curve. In fact, the joint dynamics of the Phillips curve cycle and the oil cycles explain the inflation puzzles of the last ten years.
A Simple Approach to Fourth Generation Effects in $B\to X_s \ell^+ \ell^-$ Decay
Creators: name: solmaz, levent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a scenario in which fourth generation fermions exist, we study effects of new physics on the differential decay width, forward-backward asymmetry $A_{\text{FB}}$ and integrated branching ratio for $B\to X_s \ell^+ \ell^-$ decay with $(\ell=e,μ)$. Prediction of the new physics on the mentioned quantities essentially differs from the Standard Model results, in certain regions of the parameter space, enhancement of new physics on the above mentioned physical quantities can yield values as large as two times of the SM predictions, whence present limits of experimental measurements of branching ratio is spanned, contraints of the new physics can be extracted. For the fourth generation CKM factor $V_{t^\prime b}^\ast V_{t^\prime s}$ we use $\pm 10^{-2}$ and $\pm 10^{-3}$ ranges, take into consideration the possibility of a complex phase where it may bring sizable contributions, obtained no significant dependency on the imaginary part of the new CKM factor. For the above mentioned quantities with a new family, deviations from the SM are promising, can be used as a probe of new physics.
description: 9 pages aps format
title: Machine Learning–Assisted Risk Assessment of Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility of AA1050 in Ethanol‐Containing Fuels
Creators: name: Jarren, Lukas C.
name: Gazenbiller, Eugen
name: Arya, Visheet
name: Reitz, Rüdiger
name: Oechsner, Matthias
name: Feiler, Christian
name: Zheludkevich, Mikhail L.
name: Höche, Daniel
Publisher: name: Wiley-VCH
Year: 2025

description: The ability to assess the risk of corrosion of metallic structures in particular environments holds considerable significance in the field of automotive industry. In recent years, machine learning has evolved into a crucial tool to evaluate the complex and multidimensional corrosion phenomena. In this paper, the special case of non‐aqueous alcoholate pitting corrosion of AA1050 in ethanol‐blended fuels with water and chloride contamination is examined via supervised machine learning techniques in order to distinguish between safe and unsafe conditions. The data space was created by conducting dedicated experiments with varying ethanol–fuel–water ratios, temperatures, and surface preparations. The classifier's performance rating of 0.87 (balanced accuracy) indicates an outstanding predictive ability and highlights the model's usefulness as decision support for subsequent experiments.
An Interface-enriched Generalized Finite Element Method for Levelset-based Topology Optimization
Creators: name: Boom, Sanne J. van den
name: Zhang, Jian
name: van Keulen, Fred
name: Aragón, Alejandro M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 74P20

description: During design optimization, a smooth description of the geometry is important, especially for problems that are sensitive to the way interfaces are resolved, e.g., wave propagation or fluid-structure interaction. A levelset description of the boundary, when combined with an enriched finite element formulation, offers a smoother description of the design than traditional density-based methods. However, existing enriched methods have drawbacks, including ill-conditioning and difficulties in prescribing essential boundary conditions. In this work we introduce a new enriched topology optimization methodology that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks; boundaries are resolved accurately by means of the Interface-enriched Generalized Finite Element Method (IGFEM), coupled to a levelset function constructed by radial basis functions. The enriched method used in this new approach to topology optimization has the same level of accuracy in the analysis as standard the finite element method with matching meshes, but without the need for remeshing. We derive the analytical sensitivities and we discuss the behavior of the optimization process in detail. We establish that IGFEM-based levelset topology optimization generates correct topologies for well-known compliance minimization problems.
description: Submitted to Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization on February 15th 2020
Nuclear quantum transport for barrier problems
Creators: name: Rummel, Christian
name: Hofmann, Helmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is presented which allows one to introduce collective coordinates self-consistently, in distinction to the Caldeira-Leggett model. It is demonstrated how the partition function Z for the total nuclear system can be calculated to deduce information both on its level density as well as on the decay rate of unstable modes. For the evaluation of Z different approximations are discussed. A recently developed variational approach turns out superior to the conventional methods that include quantum effects on the level of local RPA. Dissipation is taken into account by applying energy smearing, simulating in this way the coupling to more complicated states. In principle, such a coupling must depend on temperature. Previous calculations along another microscopic approach show this fact to imply an intriguing variation of the transport coefficients of collective motion with T. The relevance of this feature is demonstrated for the thermal fission rate and for the formation probability of super-heavy elements.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, presented at FUSION03, Matsushima, Miyagi, Japan, Nov 12-15, 2003, to appear in Progress of Theoretical Physics
To the Victor Belongs the Spoils? Party Membership and Public Sector Employment in Brazil
Creators: name: Brollo, Fernanda
name: Forquesato, Pedro
name: Gozzi, Juan Carlos
name: Brollo, Fernanda
name: Forquesato, Pedro
name: Gozzi, Juan Carlos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: bureaucracy
subject: patronage
subject: political parties
subject: public sector employment

description: We analyze how political discretion affects the selection of government workers, using individual-level data on political party membership and matched employer-employee data on the universe of formal workers in Brazil. Exploiting close mayoral races, we find that winning an election leads to an increase of over 40% in the number of members of the winning party working in the municipal bureaucracy. Employment of members of the ruling party increases relatively more in senior positions, but also expands in lower-ranked jobs, suggesting that discretionary appointments are used both to influence policymaking and to reward supporters. We find that party members hired after their party is elected tend be of similar or even higher quality than members of the runner-up party, contrary to common perceptions that political appointees are less qualified. Moreover, the increased public employment of members of the ruling party is long-lasting, extending beyond the end of the mayoral term.
The debate over ‘Thirlwall’s law’ : balance-of-payments-constrained growth reconsidered
Creators: name: Blecker, Robert
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Several recent critiques have questioned the theoretical logic of standard models of balance-of-payments-constrained growth (BPCG) and the empirical support for ‘Thirlwall’s law’. On the empirical side, critics charge that most econometric estimates of this model have effectively only tested whether exports and imports grow at similar rates in the long run. On the theoretical side, the criticisms have focused on the role of foreign income growth, capital accumulation, relative prices and country size in BPCG models. This article reviews the current state of the debate over these critiques and also offers a brief discussion and evaluation of three alternative models. The alternative models all highlight a significant role for the level of relative prices (or the real exchange rate) in determining long-run growth, which is consistent with recent empirical studies.
Poverty measurement (in India): Defining group-specific poverty lines or taking preferences into account?
Creators: name: Dimri, Aditi
name: Maniquet, Francois
name: Dimri, Aditi
name: Maniquet, Francois
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: poverty measurement
subject: prices
subject: heterogeneous preferences

description: We study absolute income poverty measurement when agents differ in preferences and face different prices. The difficulty arising from price heterogeneity is typically solved using equivalent income, but the choice of the reference price vector remains arbitrary. We provide a way to solve this arbitrariness problem by making the poverty measure consistent with preferences: an agent qualifies as poor if and only if she prefers the poverty line bundle to her current consumption bundle. We then prove that defining group/region specific poverty lines is another way of recovering consistency with preferences, provided one uses the headcount ratio. Comparing the resulting three approaches using Indian data, we find that the different approaches leads to different poverty conclusions. We show that not taking preferences into account leads to severely underestimating urban poverty.
Change over time in police interactions and HIV risk behavior among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India
Creators: name: Erausquin, Jennifer Toller
name: Reed, Elizabeth
name: Blankenship, Kim
Publisher: name: PubMed Central
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Little is known about the effectiveness of intervening to change interactions between female sex workers (FSWs) and police in order to reduce HIV risk. Using data collected in the context of a HIV prevention intervention that included components to change policing practices (n = 1,680), we examine the association of FSWs’ reports of negative police interactions and HIV risk behaviors and whether these associations varied over time. Results show negative police interactions declined significantly over time. FSWs who had more than one negative police interaction were more likely to experience STI symptoms (AOR 2.97 [95 % CI 2.27–3.89]), inconsistently use condoms with their clients (AOR 1.36 [95 % CI 1.03–1.79]), and accept more money for condomless sex (AOR 2.37 [95 % CI 1.76–3.21]). Over time, these associations were stable or increased. Even where interventions have reduced the number of police incidents experienced by FSWs, stakeholders in HIV prevention must remain vigilant in challenging these incidents.
The debate over ‘Thirlwall’s law’ : balance-of-payments-constrained growth reconsidered
Creators: name: Blecker, Robert
Publisher: name: European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: Several recent critiques have questioned the theoretical logic of standard models of balance-of-payments-constrained growth (BPCG) and the empirical support for ‘Thirlwall’s law’. On the empirical side, critics charge that most econometric estimates of this model have effectively only tested whether exports and imports grow at similar rates in the long run. On the theoretical side, the criticisms have focused on the role of foreign income growth, capital accumulation, relative prices and country size in BPCG models. This article reviews the current state of the debate over these critiques and also offers a brief discussion and evaluation of three alternative models. The alternative models all highlight a significant role for the level of relative prices (or the real exchange rate) in determining long-run growth, which is consistent with recent empirical studies.
Autonomous discovery in the chemical sciences part I: Progress
Creators: name: Coley, Connor W.
name: Eyke, Natalie S.
name: Jensen, Klavs F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This two-part review examines how automation has contributed to different aspects of discovery in the chemical sciences. In this first part, we describe a classification for discoveries of physical matter (molecules, materials, devices), processes, and models and how they are unified as search problems. We then introduce a set of questions and considerations relevant to assessing the extent of autonomy. Finally, we describe many case studies of discoveries accelerated by or resulting from computer assistance and automation from the domains of synthetic chemistry, drug discovery, inorganic chemistry, and materials science. These illustrate how rapid advancements in hardware automation and machine learning continue to transform the nature of experimentation and modelling. Part two reflects on these case studies and identifies a set of open challenges for the field.
description: Revised version available at 10.1002/anie.201909987
Magnetic field production after inflation
Creators: name: Diaz-Gil, Andres
name: Garcia-Bellido, J.
name: Perez, M. Garcia
name: Gonzalez-Arroyo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electromagnetic field production during preheating after hybrid inflation in a model with the field content of the Standard Model, coupled to a singlet inflaton. We find that very soon after symmetry breaking our system enters a regime of kinetic turbulence, characterized by a self-similar behaviour of the energy spectra and a power-like dependence on time of the inflaton and Higgs field variances.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, PoS.cls, poster at Lattice 2005
Mass distribution of DA white dwarfs in the First Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Madej, J.
name: Nalezyty, M.
name: Althaus, L. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sample of 1175 new nonmagnetic DA white dwarfs with the effective temperatures T_eff > 12000 K, which were extracted from the Data Release 1 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We determined masses, radii, and bolometric luminosities of stars in the sample. The above parameters were derived from the effective temperatures T_eff and surface gravities log g published in the DR1, and the new theoretical M - R relations for carbon-core and oxygen-core white dwarfs. Mass distribution of white dwarfs in this sample exhibits the peak at M = 0.562 M_sol (carbon core stars), and the tail towards higher masses. Both the shape of the mass distribution function and the empirical mass - radius relation are practically identical for white dwarfs with either pure carbon or pure oxygen cores.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, Astron. Astrophys. Lett. (in press)
The Postwar British Productivity Failure
Creators: name: Crafts, Nicholas
name: Crafts, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: competition
subject: productivity
subject: relative economic decline
subject: varieties of capitalism

description: British productivity growth disappointed during the early postwar period. This reflected inadequate investment in equipment and skills but also entailed inefficient use of inputs. Weak management, dysfunctional industrial relations, and badly-designed economic policy were all implicated. The policy framework was partly the result of seeking low unemployment through wage restraint by appeasement of organized labour. A key aspect was weak competition. This exacerbated corporategovernance and industrial-relations problems in the British ‘variety of capitalism’ which sustained low effort bargains and managerial incompetence. Other varieties of capitalism were better placed to achieve fast growth but were infeasible for Britain given its history.
Translational-invariant bipolarons and superconductivity
Creators: name: Lakhno, Victor D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A translation-invariant (TI) bipolaron theory of superconductivity based, like Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory, on Fröhlich Hamiltonian is presented. Here the role of Cooper pairs belongs to TI bipolarons which are pairs of spatially delocalized electrons whose correlation length of a coupled state is small. The presence of Fermi surface leads to stabilization of such states in its vicinity and a possibility of their Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). The theory provides a natural explanation of the existence of a pseudogap phase preceding the superconductivity and enables one to estimate the temperature of a transition $T^*$ from a normal state to a pseudogap one. It is shown that the temperature of BEC of TI bipolarons determines the temperature of a superconducting transition $T_c$ which depends not on the bipolaron effective mass but on the ordinary mass of a band electron. This removes restrictions on the upper limit of $T_c$ for a strong electron-phonon interaction. A natural explanation is provided for the angular dependence of the superconducting gap which is determined by the angular dependence of the phonon spectrum. It is demonstrated that a lot of experiments on thermodynamic and transport characteristics, Josephson tunneling and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) of high-temperature superconductors does not contradict the concept of a TI bipolaron mechanism of superconductivity in these materials. Possible ways of enhancing $T_c$ and producing new room-temperature superconductors are discussed on the basis of the theory suggested.
description: 60 pages, 20 figures
The Effect of Positive Mood on Cooperation in Repeated Interaction
Creators: name: Proto, Eugenio
name: Sgroi, Daniel
name: Nazneen, Mahnaz
name: Proto, Eugenio
name: Sgroi, Daniel
name: Nazneen, Mahnaz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Positive Mood
subject: Cooperation
subject: Prisoners Dilemma

description: Existing research supports two opposing mechanisms through which positive mood might affect cooperation. Some studies have suggested that positive mood produces more altruistic, open and helpful behavior, fostering cooperation. However, there is contrasting research supporting the idea that positive mood produces more assertiveness and inward-orientation and reduced use of information, hampering cooperation. We find evidence that suggests the second hypothesis dominates when playing the repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma. Players in an induced positive mood tend to cooperate less than players in a neutral mood setting. This holds regardless of uncertainty surrounding the number of repetitions or whether pre-play communication has taken place. This finding is consistent with a text analysis of the pre-play communication between players indicating that subjects in a more positive mood use more inward-oriented, more negative and less positive language. To the best of our knowledge we are the first to use text analysis in pre-play communication.
Does a Single Zealot Affect an Infinite Group of Voters ?
Creators: name: Mobilia, Mauro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for studying exact properties of a class of {\it inhomogeneous} stochastic many-body systems is developed and presented in the framework of a voter model perturbed by the presence of a ``zealot'', an individual allowed to favour an opinion. We compute exactly the magnetization of this model and find that in one (1d) and two dimensions (2d) it evolves, algebraically ($\sim t^{-1/2}$) in 1d and much slower ($\sim 1/\ln{t}$) in 2d, towards the unanimity state chosen by the zealot. In higher dimensions the stationary magnetization is no longer uniform: the zealot cannot influence all the individuals. Implications to other physical problems are also pointed out.
description: 4 pages, 2-column revtex4 format
Autonomous discovery in the chemical sciences part II: Outlook
Creators: name: Coley, Connor W.
name: Eyke, Natalie S.
name: Jensen, Klavs F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This two-part review examines how automation has contributed to different aspects of discovery in the chemical sciences. In this second part, we reflect on a selection of exemplary studies. It is increasingly important to articulate what the role of automation and computation has been in the scientific process and how that has or has not accelerated discovery. One can argue that even the best automated systems have yet to ``discover'' despite being incredibly useful as laboratory assistants. We must carefully consider how they have been and can be applied to future problems of chemical discovery in order to effectively design and interact with future autonomous platforms. The majority of this article defines a large set of open research directions, including improving our ability to work with complex data, build empirical models, automate both physical and computational experiments for validation, select experiments, and evaluate whether we are making progress toward the ultimate goal of autonomous discovery. Addressing these practical and methodological challenges will greatly advance the extent to which autonomous systems can make meaningful discoveries.
description: Revised version available at 10.1002/anie.201909989
Rising Powers & Peacebuilding : Breaking the Mold?
Creators: name: Call, Charles
name: Coning, Cedric de
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This book emerged from a multinational research project originally called “New Actors and Innovative Approaches to Peacebuilding.” With the support of the Carnegie Corporation of New York and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Relations, six research institutions embarked in 2014 on a two-year effort to investigate the role of the rising powers in the Global South in aiding and supporting other countries to attain and sustain peace. The institutions were the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (ACCORD) in Durban; the Centre for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) in Jakarta; the Istanbul Policy Center (IPC) in Istanbul; the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI) in Oslo; the School of International Service of American University in Washington DC; and the United Service Institution of India (USI) in New Delhi. We explicitly sought to create an opportunity for critical thinkers from rising powers and more traditional thought-centers to shed light on their own government’s practices and approaches, and to bring those ideas into international fora. The project sought to answer one central question: What exactly is new and innovative about the peacebuilding approach of the new actors from the Global South, and what results are they having? Building on this question, we sought to achieve three more specific objectives: 1. To provide a structured analysis of the values, content, and impact of recent peacebuilding initiatives of rising powers, comparing them to one another and to approaches by Western donors and international organizations. 2. To offer new theoretical claims about the role of the rising powers in peacebuilding, rooted in empirical work. 3. To make key policy audiences aware of alternative approaches and their empirical records and theoretical underpinnings. The latter objective reflects the policy goals of the project, whereby the partners sought to educate one another in their own concept and activities, and then to stimulate exchanges of ideas about these approaches with more traditional centers of thought regarding peacebuilding. Ultimately, the project sought to influence the exchange of ideas among rising powers in the Global South and between Northern and Southern centers of policy. We held insightful (and fun) seminars in Jakarta, Istanbul, Addis Ababa (in conjunction with the African Union), New York, Washington DC, Brussels, and The Hague to advance these policy aims. This book reflects the outcome of the former two project objectives. It captures the inputs of the project partners and a few additional intellects, offering in-depth, comparative studies of the rising powers, with case examples, aimed at also contributing to mid-level theoretical generalizations about these phenomena. We hope you enjoy the results.
Dark Energy and Neutrino Mass Limits from Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Gu, Peihong
name: Wang, Xiulian
name: Zhang, Xinmin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this brief report we consider couplings of the dark energy scalar, such as Quintessence to the neutrinos and discuss its implications in studies on the neutrino mass limits from Baryogenesis. During the evolution of the dark energy scalar, the neutrino masses vary, consequently the bounds on the neutrino masses we have here differ from those obtained before.
description: 5 pages,3 figures. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D