cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Food production in Bangladesh : Policy, strategy and consequences
Creators: name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Jabbar, M. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: food production
subject: food policy
subject: strategy
subject: agriculture
subject: food self-sufficiency
subject: Bangladesh

description: During the last two decades, the main objectives of food policy has been to achieve self-sufficiency in food grains. For this the expansion seed-fertilizer-irrigation technology has been adopted as the strategy. In this paper it is argued that the food grain biased policy and strategy has failed to achieve the desired results. Limited success in food grain production has been achieved at expense of adversely affecting the production of other crops, livestock and fish resulting in deterioration of the quality of average diet in the country. It is recommended that a more diversified and more inclusive agricultural programme has to be pursued to improve the situation.
Bachelor_MZ.pdf
Creators: name: Zuravlovs, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Stellar Astronomy

description: Sulfur is a poorly studied element in individual red giant branch stars outside the Milky Way. It has been shown to behave like other -elements in this Galactic Halo of red giant branch stars. High-resolution ESO VLT/FLAMES/UVES spectra was used to look for the S I triplet at 9213, 9228, and 9238 Å for 8 individual stars in the Sculptor dSph. This involved significant data reduction, namely sky removal, telluric corrections, heliocentric corrections and co-adding same stars spectra. However, convincing evidence of the presence of sulfur in the stars was not found.
Consumption pattern of milk and milk products in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Raha, S. K.
name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Raha, S. K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1984
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: milk
subject: consumption pattern
subject: dairy
subject: Bangladesh

description: In recent years, production and rural consumption of milk and milk products have decreased while import and urban consumption have increased. This paper shows that population pressure on land, increased draught use of cows and improper government food production policy are responsible for decreased production and rural consumption. Aggregate urban consumption has increased due to larger size of the urban population and faster increase in urban income. Detailed analysis of a sample of 191 households shows that milk products are more income elastic than milk. Moreover, actual consumption pattern of milk is influenced by, in addition to income, religion, age composition of family members, and ability to produce milk at home. It is concluded that government food production policy should be corrected by giving more emphasis on foods of animal origin including milk.
The Need to Measure Low Energy Anti-Neutrinos (E < 0.782MeV) from the Sun
Creators: name: Manuel, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements are needed of low energy, anti-neutrinos generated by possible neutron decay at the core of the Sun. The measurement will test the validity of a proposal that solar luminosity, neutrinos, and the solar wind are products of a chain of reactions triggered by neutron emission from the solar core. Inverse beta-decay of 87-day S-35, induced by capture of low-energy anti-neutrinos on Cl-35, is a likely candidate for this measurement.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, Dubna Conference on Non-Accelerator New Physics
Effect of doping In2O3 with transition metals on the electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate
Creators: name: Wissink Tim
name: Figueiredo Marta
name: Hensen Emiel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: Poster presented during the EcoCat conference 23-25/11/2020: https://www.nanoge.org/EcoCat/home
Technological change, agricultural development and the relevance of crop-livestock interaction
Creators: name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Jabbar, M. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: technology change
subject: agriculture
subject: crop-livestock interaction
subject: mechanization
subject: production systems
subject: evolution of systems
subject: innovation
subject: Bangladesh

description: The connection between technological change and economic growth is generally explained within a framework provided by a macro-economic production function where output depends on labour and capital. The shortcomings of such an approach are critically examined. It is argued that technology is not merely a production phenomena but embraces all aspects of human activity which should be incorporated in a technology-growth model. The contribution of colonization, slavery, migration and discovery of cheap oil and gas to technological change and economic growth in the developed countries should be thoroughly analyzed to explain the actual process of their development. Historical experience of the interaction between crop and livestock sectors in the process of development of these countries also need to be understood for developing appropriate technology in the less developed countries
On an Analytical Framework for Voids: Their abundances, density profiles and local mass functions
Creators: name: Patiri, Santiago G.
name: Betancort-Rijo, Juan E.
name: Prada, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general analytical procedure for computing the number density of voids with radius above a given value within the context of gravitational formation of the large scale structure of the universe out of Gaussian initial conditions. To this end we develop an accurate (under generally satisfied conditions) extension of unconditional mass function to constrained environments, which allowes us both to obtain the number density of collapsed objects of certain mass at any distance from the center of the void, and to derive the number density of voids defined by those collapsed objects. We have made detailed calculations for the spherically averaged mass density and halo number density profiles for individual voids. We also present a formal expression for the number density of voids defined by galaxies of a given type and luminosity. This expression contains the probability for a collapsed object of certain mass to host a galaxy of that type and luminosity as a function of the environmental density. We propose a procedure to infer this function, which may provide useful clues as to the galaxy formation process, from the observed void densities.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, MNRAS in press
Exotic pentaquarks, crypto-heptaquarks and linear three-hadronic molecules
Creators: name: Bicudo, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this talk, multiquarks are studied microscopically in a standard quark model. In pure ground-state pentaquarks the short-range interaction is computed and it is shown to be repulsive, a narrow pentaquark cannot be in the groundstate. As a possible excitation, an additional quark-antiquark pair is then considered, and this is suggested to produce linear molecular system, with a narrow decay width. This excitation may be energetically favourable to the p-wave excitation suggested by the other pentaquark models. Here, the quarks assemble in three hadronic clusters, and the central hadron provides stability. The possible crypto-heptaquark hadrons with exotic pentaquark flavours are studied.
description: 8 pages, 3 tables, talk presented at the International Workshop PENTAQUARK04 July 20-23, 2004, SPring-8, Japan
Elasticity of fertilizer and its implication for subsidy
Creators: name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Islam, Md. Shariful
name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Islam, Md. Shariful
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: fertilizer
subject: elasticity of demand
subject: subsidy
subject: price
subject: utilization
subject: crop
subject: rice
subject: Bangladesh

description: In order to address an on-going debate about the effect of price vs non-price factors on the demand and utilization of fertilizers and its implication for subsidy, this study used a sample farm level data to test the effect of price on demand.
ALMA 26 arcmin$^2$ survey of GOODS-S at one-millimeter (ASAGAO): millimeter properties of stellar mass selected galaxies
Creators: name: Yamaguchi, Y.
name: Kohno, K.
name: Hatsukade, B.
name: Wang, T.
name: Yoshimura, Y.
name: Ao, Y.
name: Dunlop, J. S.
name: Egami, E.
name: Espada, D.
name: Fujimoto, S.
name: Hayatsu, N. H.
name: Ivison, R. J.
name: Kodama, T.
name: Kusakabe, H.
name: Nagao, T.
name: Ouchi, M.
name: Rujopakarn, W.
name: Tadaki, K.
name: Tamura, Y.
name: Ueda, Y.
name: Umehata, H.
name: Wang, W. -H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make use of the ASAGAO, deep 1.2 mm continuum observations of a 26 arcmin$^2$ region in the GOODS-South field obtained with ALMA, to probe dust-enshrouded star formation in $K$-band selected (i.e., stellar mass selected) galaxies, which are drawn from the ZFOURGE catalog. Based on the ASAGAO combined map, which was created by combining ASAGAO and ALMA archival data in the GOODS-South field, we find that 24 ZFOURGE sources have 1.2 mm counterparts with a signal-to-noise ratio $>$ 4.5 (1$σ\simeq$ 30 - 70 $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$ at 1.2 mm). Their median redshift is estimated to be $z_\mathrm{median}=$ 2.38 $\pm$ 0.14. They generally follow the tight relationship of the stellar mass versus star formation rate (i.e., the main sequence of star-forming galaxies). ALMA-detected ZFOURGE sources exhibit systematically larger infrared (IR) excess (IRX $\equiv L_\mathrm{IR}/L_\mathrm{UV}$) compared to ZFOURGE galaxies without ALMA detections even though they have similar redshifts, stellar masses, and star formation rates. This implies the consensus stellar-mass versus IRX relation, which is known to be tight among rest-frame-UV-selected galaxies, can not fully predict the ALMA detectability of stellar-mass-selected galaxies. We find that ALMA-detected ZFOURGE sources are the main contributors to the cosmic IR star formation rate density at $z$ = 2 - 3.
description: Accepted for publication in PASJ. A version with a high resolution figure and ALMA fits files are available from https://sites.google.com/view/asagao26/
A survey on weights and land measurement unit used in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Mandal, M. A. S.
name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Mandal, M. A. S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: local
subject: conventional weights
subject: measure
subject: land measurement units
subject: marketing
subject: crops
subject: commodities
subject: agriculture
subject: Bangladesh

description: A wide variety of local weight and land measurement units in Bangladesh. These are considered a major problem in registering land records and in pricing and marketing agricultural commodities. This study reports the findings of a countrywide sample survey to highlight the characteristics of the units and their implications.
S1 In-class Larynx Discussion.docx
Creators: name: Ruth, Aidan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 420199
subject: Allied health and rehabilitation science not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 429999
subject: Other health sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A set of in-class discussion and reflection questions that corresponds to three different mnemonic devices designed to understand and remember the functional anatomy of the larynx.
Nuclear Parity-Violation in Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
name: Maekawa, C. M.
name: Holstein, B. R.
name: Ramsey-Musolf, M. J.
name: van Kolck, U
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reformulate the analysis of nuclear parity-violation (PV) within the framework of effective field theory (EFT). To order Q, the PV nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction depends on five a priori unknown constants that parameterize the leading-order, short-range four-nucleon operators. When pions are included as explicit degrees of freedom, the potential contains additional medium- and long-range components parameterized by PV piNN couplings. We derive the form of the corresponding one- and two-pion-exchange potentials. We apply these considerations to a set of existing and prospective PV few-body measurements that may be used to determine the five independent low-energy constants relevant to the pionless EFT and the additional constants associated with dynamical pions. We also discuss the relationship between the conventional meson-exchange framework and the EFT formulation, and argue that the latter provides a more general and systematic basis for analyzing nuclear PV.
description: 67 Page Latex file with typos corrected
Perpetual sojourning : an interpretive phenomenological study of latest re-entry in emerging adulthood
Creators: name: Kollar, Diana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Re-entry, the experience of returning to one's home country a sojourn, involves a psychological and social readjustment that may include re-entry distress. Since most literature focuses on single re-entry experiences, little is known of the salient re-entry issues for sojourners who have re-entered more than once during their twenties. This interpretive phenomenological study looked at the latest re-entry experience of those who repeatedly sojourned and re-entered during emerging adulthood developmental stage. This qualitative study involved data from in-depth interviews with five participants that were analysed for main themes. Synopses or situated structures of each participant's experience were included. A general structure described the themes common in all the experiences. The six main themes that emerged were: 1) anticipatory thoughts and feelings about re-entry; 2) emotional struggle; 3) sense of rootlessness/desire for rootedness; 4) isolation and lack of social support; 5) sense of readjustment; and 6) awareness & appreciation of the benefits of sojourning. Findings distinct to this study were: the anticipatory excitement sojourners felt about changing the focus of their lives towards a career, financial stability, and relationships; the sense of urgency and pressure participants felt to achieve career goals and become financially stable during their readjustment; and that most of their emotional struggles were associated to set backs in employment and career. The findings add depth to the re-entry literature by offering firsthand accounts of those Who experiences latest re-entry during emerging adulthood and they inform clinical practice and program development.
Cataulax radians Grazia & Campos & Becker 2000, n. sp.
Creators: name: Grazia, Jocélia
name: Campos, Luiz A.
name: Becker, Miriam
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Cataulax
Cataulax radians

description: Cataulax radians, n. sp. (Figs. 2D, 3D, 4D, 5D) Obovate, glossy above, semiglossy to matter beneath; reddish fulvous; punctures fuscous to ferruginous, coarser above. Distribution of the punctures on head, pronotum and hemelytra as in C. froeschneri. Antennae missing. Apex of scutellum narrowly rounded (not subtriangular); punctures fuscous and arranged in four vague, subparalell, longitudinal bands, which are evanescent posteriorly; central basal portion of disc obsolescently punctured. Corium hardly exceeding scutellum; membrane clear amber, with a large darker basal spot, veins brownish. Connexivum orange-ochraceous, punctures arranged in two longitudinal rows, a marginal one and a submarginal one with a narrow laevigate band between them; basal angles of segments narrowly and vaguely infuscated. Rostrum reaching middle offourth abdominal sternite. Median mesosternal plate quite broad, conspicuously convex anteriorly. Posterior margin of metasternum almost as wide as anterior margin, obtusely sinuate, abdominal tubercle stout, obtuse. Median abdominal furrow very shallow. Male. Apicalmargin ofhemelytral membrane straight, veins subparalell ending well before apical margin. Apical margin of the seventh sternite shallowly and evenly arcuate across the width, less esclorotized there (Fig. 2D). Measurements (mm). Lengthofhead 1.64; anteocular length 1.14; width of head 3.28; interocular width 1.96; interocelar width 0,98; length of antennalsegments: I 0.65, II-V missing; pronotallength 2.62; pronotalwidth 6.72; length of scutellum 5.74; width of scutellum 4.59; abdominal width 6.39; total length 10.66. Cup-like part of pygophore wider than long. Postero-lateral angles directed outwards, concave along its inner surface, denticle of internal border obsolete. Proctiger with 1+1 carina at mid length, converging posteriorly. Parameres spatulate, simple, external apex notched (Figs. 3D, 4D, 5D). Female: unknown. Type-material. Holotype male, PERU, Rio Santiago, XI/23/1924, H. Bassler (AMNH). Comments. Similar to C. eximius, C. pudens and C. froeschneri by the pattern of dorsal punctures forming bands and patches; it can be distinguished from them by the size, being thesmallest one.
description: Published as part of Grazia, Jocélia, Campos, Luiz A. & Becker, Miriam, 2000, Revision of Cataulax Spinola, with Architas Distant as a New Synonymy (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Discocephalini), pp. 475-488 in Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 29 (3) on page 486, DOI: 10.1590/S0301-80592000000300010, http://zenodo.org/record/3581361
Novel chitosan derivatives of 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde and their antibacterial activity
Creators: name: Yadav, Manoj Kumar
name: Pokhrel, Shanta
name: Paras Nath Yadav
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Chitosan was synthesized from chitin; extracted from prawn shells’ powder via deacetylation and physicochemical properties were studied. Novel chitosan derivatives of 2-imidazolecarboxaldehyde and 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde were synthesized by refluxing equimolar quantities of respective aldehyde with chitosan. These functionalized chitosan derivatives were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA) and their antibacterial activity was explored. Chitosan derivative of 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde was found active against Escherichia coli.
Draft power shortage and mechanization of tillage in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Jabbar, M. A.
name: Jabbar, M. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: tillage
subject: farm power
subject: mechanization
subject: draft power
subject: draught power
subject: agriculture
subject: Bangladesh

description: This paper shows, by using census and various survey data, that there is absolute shortage of draft power in the country. Two important manifestations of shortage are : (1) 40-50 per cent of power animals are female and this proportion has been increasing. (2) the quality of animal is poor and this also has been deteriorating. The paper identified two major causes of increased use of female rather than engine power to meet power shortage. First, the characteristics of prevailing agrarian structure with small-scale fragmented farming, unequal ownership and consequent prevalence of sharecropping inhibit rapid adoption and efficient use of improved farm technology. Second, although draft power shortage has been recognized for a long time, no consistent policy has been pursued to solve the problem. Consequently draft power shortage has contributed, along with many other things, to the slow growth of agricultural production and employment. It is concluded that a clearly defined mechanization policy need to be formulated very urgently. The most immediate objective of such a policy should be to find ways of restoring the social position of the cow as the producer of milk.
Consumption and Precautionary Saving: An Empirical Analysis under Both Financial and Environmental Risks
Creators: name: Baiardi, Donatella
name: Manera, Matteo
name: Menegatti, Mario
name: Baiardi, Donatella
name: Manera, Matteo
name: Menegatti, Mario
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Consumption
subject: Precautionary Saving
subject: Financial Risk
subject: Environmental Risk
subject: Prudence
subject: Relative Risk Aversion
subject: Uncertainty

description: This paper studies the empirical relationship between consumption and saving under two different sources of uncertainty: financial risk and environmental risk. The analysis is carried out using time series data for six advanced economies in the period 1965-2007. The results support the theoretical conclusions that both financial risk alone and the interaction between financial and environmental risks affect consumption. Moreover, we suggest a solution to some shortcomings which concern the empirical analysis performed with one-argument utility functions. Finally, we provide new estimates of indexes of relative risk aversion and relative prudence, and relative preference of environmental quality.
Scaling equations for mode-coupling theories with multiple decay channels
Creators: name: Jung, Gerhard
name: Voigtmann, Thomas
name: Franosch, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple relaxation channels often arise in the dynamics of liquids where the momentum current associated to the particle-conservation law splits into distinct contributions. Examples are strongly confined liquids for which the currents in lateral and longitudinal direction to the walls are very different, or fluids of nonspherical particles with distinct relaxation patterns for translational and rotational degrees of freedom. Here, we perform an asymptotic analysis of the slow structural relaxation close to kinetic arrest as described by mode-coupling theory (MCT) with several relaxation channels. Compared to standard MCT, the presence of multiple relaxation channels significantly changes the structure of the underlying equations of motion and leads to additional, non-trivial terms in the asymptotic solution. We show that the solution can be rescaled, and thus prove that the well-known $ β$-scaling equation of MCT remains valid even in the presence of multiple relaxation channels. The asymptotic treatment is validated using a novel schematic model. We demonstrate that the numerical solution of this schematic model can indeed be described by the derived asymptotic scaling laws close to kinetic arrest. Additionally, clear traces of the existence of two distinct decay channels are found in the low-frequency susceptibility spectrum, suggesting that clear footprints of the additional relaxation channels can in principle be detected in simulations or experiments of confined or molecular liquids.
description: Accepted by J. Stat. Mech.: Theory and Experiments, https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/1742-5468
Clean or “Dirty” Energy: Evidence on a Renewable Energy Resource Curse
Creators: name: Gennaioli, Caterina
name: Tavoni, Massimo
name: Gennaioli, Caterina
name: Tavoni, Massimo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Corruption
subject: Natural Resources Curse
subject: Wind Energy
subject: Political Economy

description: The aim of this paper is to provide an assessment of the potential for resource curse in the renewable energy sector. Taking a political economy approach, we analyze the link between public support schemes for renewable energy and the potential scope for rent seeking and corruption. The insights of a model of political influence by interest groups are tested empirically using a panel data of Italian provinces for the period 1990-2007. We find evidence that a curse exists in the case of wind energy, and specifically that: i) criminal association activity increased more in high-wind provinces and especially after the introduction of a more favourable public policy regime and, ii) the expansion of the wind energy sector has been driven by both the wind level and the quality of political institutions, through their effect on criminal association. The analysis points out that in the presence of poor institutions, efficient market-based policies can have an adverse impact. This has important normative implications especially for countries that are characterized by abundant renewable resources and weak institutions, and are thus more susceptible to the private exploitation of public incentives.
A simple method for the preparation of pseudopure states in NMR quantum information processing
Creators: name: Fung, B. M.
name: Ermakov, Vladimir L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to carry out quantum information processing (QIP) often requires the preparation, transformation, and detection of pseudopure states. In our previous work, it was shown that the use of pairs of pseudopure states (POPS) as a basis for QIP is very convenient because of the simplicity in experimental execution. It is now further demonstrated that the product of the NMR spectra corresponding to two sets of POPS that share a common pseudopure state has the same peak frequencies as those of the common (single) pseudopure state. Examples of applying two different quantum logic gates to a 5-qubit system are given.
description: Accepted by J.Chem.Phys., 12 pages, 3 figures
Punish and Perish?
Creators: name: Antoci, Angelo
name: Zarri, Luca
name: Antoci, Angelo
name: Zarri, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Cooperation
subject: Strong Reciprocity
subject: Altruistic Punishment
subject: Altruistic Rewarding
subject: Heterogeneous Types

description: The evolution of large-scale cooperation among genetic strangers is a fundamental unanswered question in the social sciences. Behavioral economics has persuasively shown that so called ‘strong reciprocity’ plays a key role in accounting for the endogenous enforcement of cooperation. Insofar as strongly reciprocal players are willing to costly sanction defectors, cooperation flourishes. However, experimental evidence unambiguously indicates that not only defection and strong reciprocity, but also unconditional cooperation is a quantitatively important behavioral attitude. By referring to a prisoner’s dilemma framework where punishment (‘stick’) and rewarding (‘carrot’) options are available, here we show analytically that the presence of cooperators who don’t punish in the population makes altruistic punishment evolutionarily weak. We show that cooperation breaks down and strong reciprocity is maladaptive if costly punishment means ‘punishing defectors’ and, even more so, if it is coupled with costly rewarding of cooperators. In contrast, punishers don’t perish if cooperators, far from being rewarded, are sanctioned. These results, based on an extended notion of strong reciprocity, challenge evolutionary explanations of cooperation that overlook the ‘dark side’ of altruistic behavior.
Amphiphilic hydrolyzable polydimethylsiloxane-b-poly(ethyleneglycol methacrylate-co-trialkylsilyl methacrylate) block copolymers for marine coatings. II. Antifouling laboratory tests and field trials
Creators: name: Guazzelli, Elisa
name: Martinelli, Elisa
name: Pelloquet, Lucile
name: Jean-François Briand
name: Margaillan, André
name: Bunet, Robert
name: Galli, Giancarlo
name: Bressy, Christine
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) elastomer coatings containing an amphiphilic hydrolyzable diblock copolymer additive were prepared and their potential as marine antifouling and antiadhesion materials was tested. The block copolymer additive consisted of a PDMS first block and a random poly(trialkylsilyl methacrylate (TRSiMA, R = butyl, isopropyl)-co-poly(ethyleneglycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) copolymer second block. PDMS-b-TRSiMA block copolymer additives without PEGMA units were also used as additives. The amphiphilic character of the coating surface was assessed in water using the captive air bubble technique for measurements of static and dynamic contact angles. The attachment of macro- and microorganisms on the coatings was evaluated by field tests and by performing adhesion tests to the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite and the green alga Ulva rigida. All the additive-based PDMS coatings showed better antiadhesion properties to A. amphitrite larvae than to U. rigida spores. Field tests provided meaningful information on the antifouling and fouling release activity of coatings over an immersion period of 23 months.
Autocracies and Development in a Global Economy: A Tale of Two Elites
Creators: name: Akerman, Anders
name: Larsson, Anna
name: Naghavi, Alireza
name: Akerman, Anders
name: Larsson, Anna
name: Naghavi, Alireza
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Development
subject: Economic Institutions
subject: Political Institutions
subject: Trade
subject: Capital Mobility
subject: Capital Accumulation
subject: Comparative Advantage

description: This paper studies how comparative advantage and the political elites endowments shape long-run performance in an economy with imperfect political institutions. In a capital-scarce economy, an autocrat catering to the needs of landowners favors openness to trade at an early stage of development, while an autocrat complying with the preferences of capitalists chooses to shelter the economy from trade. The resulting trade regime interacts with economic institutions, and with policies on capital mobility, to govern capital accumulation. A landed autocrat neglects to improve institutions and blocks foreign capital to maximise extractable rents, leading the economy towards stagnation. By contrast, a capitalist autocrat strengthens the institutional quality, which over time shifts the comparative advantage towards manufacturing and renders the economy attractive to foreign investors. Trade and capital market liberalisation are thus complementary policies that provide an environment of growth and development in the capital autocracy.
description: Current version uploaded April 2013.
A Comprehensive New Detector for Detailed Study of the Quark Gluon Plasma, Initial Conditions and Spin Physics at RHIC II
Creators: name: Harris, J. W.
name: Bellwied, R.
name: Smirnov, N.
name: Steinberg, P.
name: Surrow, B.
name: Ullrich, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A case is presented for compelling physics at a high luminosity RHIC II collider and a comprehensive new detector system to address this physics. The experimental focus is on detailed jet tomography of the quark gluon plasma (QGP), measuring gluon saturation in the nucleus, investigating the color glass condensate, measuring effects of the QCD vacuum on particle masses, determining the structure and dynamics within the proton, and possible new phenomena. The physics and detector capabilities are introduced.
description: Proceedings 20th Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics, Trelawny Beach, Jamaica, March 15--20, 2004. 12 pages, 4 figures
Quantum state transformations and the Schubert calculus
Creators: name: Daftuar, Sumit
name: Hayden, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in mathematics have provided powerful tools for comparing the eigenvalues of matrices related to each other via a moment map. In this paper we survey some of the more concrete aspects of the approach with a particular focus on applications to quantum information theory. After discussing the connection between Horn's Problem and Nielsen's Theorem, we move on to characterizing the eigenvalues of the partial trace of a matrix.
description: 40 pages. Accepted for publication in Annals of Physics
title: Nitrogen oxides and ammonia in a traffic tunnel - determination of emission factors
Creators: name: Pfaller, Cornelia
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Umweltanalytik
subject: Emissionsmessung
subject: Gasanalytik
subject: environmental analysis
subject: emission measurements
subject: gas analyses

description: Since the diesel affaire became popular in 2015 vehicular exhaust emissions of nitrogen oxides have gained considerable attention. Especially emission factors for nitrogen oxides provided in the “Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport” (HBEFA) are questioned. The aim of this master thesis was to determine real-world emission factors for nitrogen oxides for the Austrian vehicular fleet and to compare them with values given in HBEFA and other literature. In addition, emission factors for ammonia were determined. Ammonia is used in latest diesel exhaust after-treatment systems, i.e. the selective catalytic reduction via aqueous urea. Ammonia plays an important role in the formation of secondary particulate matter and has influence on ecosystems due to its nitrogen input. For the determination of vehicular emission factors, a measurement campaign in tunnel Kaisermühlen was conducted. Concentration measurements of nitrogen oxides and ammonia inside as well as outside the tunnel were performed. The longitudinal air velocity was measured directly in the tunnel with an impeller anemometer. Traffic data included number and velocity of passenger cars and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) and was provided by ASFINAG. Concentrations of nitrogen oxides inside the tunnel show a diurnal trend with maxima during rush hours, the longitudinal air velocity also correlates well with traffic density. Regarding ammonia, no relation between concentration and traffic number is observable. Calculated emission factors for nitrogen oxides agree well with data given in HBEFA. Therefore, the HBEFA adequately reflects real-world vehicular emissions for the entire Austrian vehicular fleet as well as for passenger cars and HDVs separately. Lower emission factors for ammonia were found compared to the HBEFA as well as other emission factors given in literature. It has to be mentioned that the vehicular fleet in other tunnel studies are mainly powered with gasoline, whereas in Austria diesel is the most fuel used. Thus, indicating lower ammonia emissions of diesel-driven vehicles. However, further investigations are needed for proving this assumption.
Sustainable Cooperation in Global Climate Policy: Specific Formulas and Emission Targets to Build on Copenhagen and Cancun
Creators: name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Frankel, Jeffrey
name: Bosetti, Valentina
name: Frankel, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Cancun
subject: Climate
subject: Concentrations
subject: Cooperation
subject: Copenhagen
subject: Costs
subject: Developing Countries
subject: Development
subject: Emissions
subject: Equity
subject: Global Climate
subject: Global Warming
subject: Greenhouse Gas
subject: Human Development
subject: International
subject: Kyoto
subject: Sustainable
subject: Treaty
subject: United Nations
subject: WITCH

description: We offer a framework to assign quantitative allocations of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs), across countries, one budget period at a time. Under the two-part plan: (i) China, India, and other developing countries accept targets at Business as Usual (BAU) in the coming budget period, the same period in which the US first agrees to cuts below BAU; and (ii) all countries are asked in the future to make further cuts in accordance with a common numerical formula to all. The formula is expressed as the sum of a Progressive Reductions Factor, a Latecomer Catch-up Factor, and a Gradual Equalization Factor. This paper builds on our previous work in many ways. First we update targets to reflect pledges made by governments after the Copenhagen Accord of December 2010 and confirmed at the Cancun meeting of December 2011. Second, the WITCH model, which we use to project economic and environmental effects of any given set of emission targets, has been refined and updated to reflect economic and technological developments. We include the possibility of emissions reduction from bio energy (BE), carbon capture and storage (CCS), and avoided deforestation and forest degradation (REDD+) which is an important component of pledges in several developing countries. Third, we use a Nash criterion for evaluating whether a country’s costs are too high to sustain cooperation.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 10/05/11.
Single-photon exchange interaction in a semiconductor microcavity
Creators: name: Chiappe, G.
name: Fernández-Rossier, J.
name: Louis, E.
name: Anda, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effective coupling of localized spins in a semiconductor quantum dot embedded in a microcavity. The lowest cavity mode and the quantum dot exciton are coupled and close in energy, forming a polariton. The fermions forming the exciton interact with localized spins via exchange. Exact diagonalization of a Hamiltonian in which photons, spins and excitons are treated quantum mechanically shows that {\it a single polariton} induces a sizable indirect exchange interaction between otherwise independent spins. The origin, symmetry properties and the intensity of that interaction depend both on the dot-cavity coupling and detuning. In the case of a (Cd,Mn)Te quantum dot, Mn-Mn ferromagnetic coupling mediated by a single photon survives above 1 K whereas the exciton mediated coupling survives at 15 K.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
New Silhouette Disks with Reflection Nebulae and Outflows in the Orion Nebula and M43
Creators: name: Smith, Nathan
name: Bally, John
name: Licht, Daniel
name: Walawender, Josh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of several new circumstellar disks seen in silhouette in the outskirts of the Orion nebula and M43, detected as part of our Halpha survey of Orion with the HST/ACS. Several of the disks show bipolar reflection nebulae, microjets, or temporal variability. Two disks in our sample are large and particularly noteworthy: A nearly edge-on disk, d216-0939, is located several arcminutes northwest of M43 and resembles the famous HH30 disk/jet system in Taurus. It drives the 0.15 pc long bipolar outflow HH667, and exhibits a remarkable asymmetric reflection nebula. With a diameter of 1200 AU, it is as large as the giant edge-on silhouette disk d114-426 in the core of the Orion Nebula. The large disk d253-1536 is located in a binary system embedded within an externally-ionized giant proplyd in M43. The disk exhibits distortions which we attribute to tidal interactions with a companion. The bipolar jet HH668 emerges orthogonal to the disk, and a bow shock lies 54'' south of this binary system along the outflow axis. Proper motions over 1.4 yr confirm that these emission knots are moving away from d253-1536, with speeds as high as 330 km/s in the HH668 microjet, and slower motion farther from the star.
description: 19 pages, Fig 2 in color, accepted by AJ
Climate Change and Tourism in Tuscany, Italy. What if heat becomes unbearable?
Creators: name: Cai, Mattia
name: Nunes, Paulo A.L.D.
name: Ferrise, Roberto
name: Moriondo, Marco
name: Bindi, Marco
name: Cai, Mattia
name: Nunes, Paulo A.L.D.
name: Ferrise, Roberto
name: Moriondo, Marco
name: Bindi, Marco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Domestic Tourists
subject: International Tourists
subject: Municipalities
subject: Maximum And Minimum Daily Temperature
subject: Dynamic Model
subject: Temperature Demand Elasticity
subject: GMM

description: This paper investigates the empirical magnitude of climate conditions on tourist flows in Tuscany, exploring the use of a fine spatial scale analysis. In fact, we explore the use of an 8-year panel dataset of Tuscany’s 254 municipalities, examining how tourist inflows respond to variation in local weather conditions. In particular, as the area enjoys a fairly mild Mediterranean climate, our analysis focused on temperature extremes at key times of the tourist season, i.e., on maximum summer temperature and minimum winter temperature. Separate analyses are conducted for domestic and international tourists, so as to test the differences in the preferences among these distinct groups (or types of demand). Estimation results show the impact of climate change on tourist flows appears to vary significantly among destinations depending on the kind of attractions they offer, and those areas that host the main artistic and historical sights, affecting predominantly the domestic rather than the international tourists.
Quantum Hall line junction with impurities as a multi-slit Luttinger liquid interferometer
Creators: name: Yang, I.
name: Kang, W.
name: Pfeiffer, L. N.
name: Baldwin, K. W.
name: West, K. W.
name: Kim, Eun-Ah
name: Fradkin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on quantum interference between a pair of counterpropagating quantum Hall edge states that are separated by a high quality tunnel barrier. Observed Aharonov-Bohm oscillations are analyzed in terms of resonant tunneling between coupled Luttinger liquids that creates bound electronic states between pairs of tunnel centers that act like interference slits. We place a lower bound in the range of 20-40 $μ$m for the phase coherence length and directly confirm the extended phase coherence of quantum Hall edge states.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
Monomeric human soluble CD4 dimerizes at physiological temperature: VTSAXS data based modeling and screening of retardant molecules
Creators: name: Dhiman, Kanika
name: Nath, Samir Kumar
name: , Ashish
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Earlier, solution small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data at 10 °C showed that soluble CD4 (sCD4; 1 mg/ml) is monomer with shape similar to single chain in crystal structures of its dimer. Query remained whether the dimeric state of CD4 can form independent of packing effects of crystal? Taking cue from other systems, we explored heat induced possible association of native shapes of sCD4 by variable temperature SAXS (VTSAXS) experiments. The predominant particle size increased consistently with temperature and around 35-40 °C, the estimated mass indicated dimeric state in solution. Furthermore, the observed association was found to be reversible to certain extent. Using SAXS profile representing dimer and crystal structure of monomer, we solved models of CD4 dimers which were dominated by D4-D4 interactions and appeared “wobbling” about the crystal structure of dimeric CD4, convincing pre-existence of crystal-like association in solution. To break the dimerization, we theoretically screened for small molecules binding to dimeric interface of D4 domain. Additionally, as negative control or not expecting to interfere, we searched molecules preferentially docking on the apex of D1 domain. VTSAXS experiments of CD4 + molecules at ∼1:3 molar ratio showed that as expected few D4 reactive hits could retard dimerization, yet surprisingly molecules which docked at D1 domain could also derail dimerization. Additional analysis led to conclusion that there lies a systematic communication network across the structural length of sCD4 which senses binding to self and other molecules, and our work can be used to develop new (or re-purpose known) molecules as CD4-reactive immunosuppressive agents. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma