Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site (32WI17) Material Culture Reports, Part VIII: Artifacts Associated with Transportation, Commerce and Industry and of Unidentified Function
Creators: name: Vore, Steven LeRoy De
name: Hunt, William J.
Publisher: name: United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Roosevelt (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/6797/roosevelt-county
subject: Williams County, North Dakota
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/21645/williams-county-north-dakota
subject: 30085 (Fips Code)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/7439/30085-fips-code
subject: United States of America (Country)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/384/united-states-of-america-country
subject: Montana (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2311/montana-state-territory
subject: North America (Continent)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2890/north-america-continent
subject: 19th Century
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5147/19th-century
subject: Historic Native American
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/30/historic-native-american
subject: Metis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/7502/metis
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Euroamerican
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/28/euroamerican
subject: Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/2797/fort-union-trading-post-national-historic-site
subject: 32WI17
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/2776/32wi17
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Military Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/322/military-structure
subject: Non-Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/309/non-domestic-structures
subject: Communal / Public Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/314/communal-public-structure
subject: Historic Communal / Public Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/316/historic-communal-public-structure
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Chain
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/21624/chain
subject: Water Craft Equipment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135299/water-craft-equipment
subject: Terrestrial Transportation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134212/terrestrial-transportation
subject: Gardening Equipment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135300/gardening-equipment
subject: Harness
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135297/harness
subject: Steam Boat Equipment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135298/steam-boat-equipment
subject: Agricultural Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134215/agricultural-materials
subject: Toeing Knife
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135303/toeing-knife
subject: Animal Husbandry Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134216/animal-husbandry-materials
subject: Fetter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135304/fetter
subject: Riverine Transportation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134213/riverine-transportation
subject: Hay Harvest Machinery
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135301/hay-harvest-machinery
subject: Maintenance Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134214/maintenance-materials
subject: Harvest Machinery
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135302/harvest-machinery
subject: Trapping Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134219/trapping-materials
subject: Logging Equipment
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134220/logging-equipment
subject: Hunting Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134217/hunting-materials
subject: Offset Awls
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/135305/offset-awls
subject: Defense Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134218/defense-materials
subject: Leather Working Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134221/leather-working-materials
subject: Metal Working Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/134222/metal-working-materials
subject: Construction Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/77843/construction-materials
subject: Horseshoe Nails
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/33302/horseshoe-nails
subject: Chain Link
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/22107/chain-link
subject: Bow and Arrow
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/35547/bow-and-arrow
subject: Firearms
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/37796/firearms
subject: Horseshoe
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/11685/horseshoe
subject: Collections Research
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/3/collections-research

description: Fort Union served as the major trading establishment for the American Fur Company and its St. Louis descendants (Bernard Pratte and Co. and Pierre Chouteau, Jr., and Co.) on the Upper Missouri River between 1828 and 1865. In 1865, Charles Chouteau sold Fort Union to Hubble, Hawley and Smith, otherwise known as the North Western Fur Company. During its last years of existence, between 1864 and 1866, the traders shared the post's facilities with the U.S. Army, the latter utilizing Fort Union as a base of operations against the Northern Plains Indians. Fort Union was sold to the Army in 1866, which tore down its structures in 1867 to build Fort Buford two miles away. In 1965, the site of the old fort was acquired by the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) and renamed Fort Union Trading Post National Historic Site. The NPS interpretive plans called for reconstructing the fort in its entirety. In order to obtain structural information concerning the fort, the NPS sponsored four seasons of archaeological investigations at the site between 1968 and 1972. During the course of this effort, thousands of artifacts were recovered. These remained largely undescribed and unanalyzed until 1982 when work was begun which eventually resulted in a series of reports describing the material culture of Fort Union. Nine volumes have been published, each focusing on a different subject or material object class. Part I is the foundation of the series, providing an overview and critical assessment of the fieldwork accomplished during the four seasons of work at the site. Each of the remaining reports relates to one or more particular material culture classes; i.e., food-related artifacts (Part II); personal and recreational materials (Part III); firearms, trapping, and fishing equipment (Part IV); buttons (Part V); vertebrate faunal remains (Part VI); building and construction materials (Part VII); artifacts associated with transportation, commerce and industry, and unidentified functions (Part VIII - in preparation); and personal, domestic, and architectural artifacts (Part IX). Although only nine parts were originally planned for the series, a decision to produce this tenth volume came about partly because new information became available relating to the Fort Union burials. However, it was primarily driven by the Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act, which requires federal agencies to compile information on Native American burials and associated objects. This report is part VIII of the series.