cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characteristics and performance of the Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers of the EEE experiment
Creators: name: Coccetti, F.
name: Abbrescia, M.
name: Avanzini, C.
name: Baldini, L.
name: Ferroli, R. Baldini
name: Batignani, G.
name: Battaglieri, M.
name: Boi, S.
name: Bossini, E.
name: Carnesecchi, F.
name: Cicalò, C.
name: Cifarelli, L.
name: Coccia, E.
name: Corvaglia, A.
name: De Gruttola, D.
name: De Pasquale, S.
name: Fabbri, F.
name: Falchieri, D.
name: Galante, L.
name: Garbini, M.
name: Gemme, G.
name: Gnesi, I.
name: Grazzi, S.
name: Hatzifotiadou, D.
name: La Rocca, P.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Lombardo, L.
name: Mandaglio, G.
name: Maron, G.
name: Mazziotta, M. N.
name: Mulliri, A.
name: Nania, R.
name: Noferini, F.
name: Nozzoli, F.
name: Palmonari, F.
name: Panareo, M.
name: Panetta, M. P.
name: Paoletti, R.
name: Parvis, M.
name: Pellegrino, C.
name: Perasso, L.
name: Pinazza, O.
name: Pinto, C.
name: Pisano, S.
name: Riggi, F.
name: Righini, G.
name: Ripoli, C.
name: Rizzi, M.
name: Sartorelli, G.
name: Scapparone, E.
name: Schioppa, M.
name: Scribano, A.
name: Selvi, M.
name: Serri, G.
name: Squarcia, S
name: Taiuti, M.
name: Terreni, G.
name: Trifirò, A.
name: Trimarchi, M.
name: Vistoli, C.
name: Votano, L.
name: Williams, M. C. S.
name: Zichichi, A.
name: Zuyeuski, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Extreme Energy Events (EEE) experiment, dedicated to the study of secondary cosmic rays, is arguably the largest detector system in the world implemented by Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers. The EEE network consists of 60 telescopes distributed over all the Italian territory; each telescope is made of three MRPCs and allows to reconstruct the trajectory of cosmic muons with high efficiency and optimal angular resolution. A distinctive feature of the EEE network is that almost all telescopes are housed in High Schools and managed by groups of students and teachers, who previously took care of their construction at CERN. This peculiarity is a big plus for the experiment, which combines the scientific relevance of its objectives with effective outreach activities. The unconventional location of the detectors, mainly in standard classrooms of school buildings, with heterogeneous maintenance conditions and without controlled temperature and dedicated power lines, is a unique test field to verify the robustness, the low aging characteristics and the long-lasting performance of MRPC technology for particle monitoring and timing. Finally, it is reported how the spatial resolution, efficiency, tracking capability and stability of these chambers behave in time.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Gollwitzer, Helmut (Hrsg.) / Hopp, Joachim (Hrsg.), Zwischenstationen
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 3 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 3
THE VALUE OF THE VIEW: VALUING SCENIC QUALITY USING CHOICE AND CONTINGENT VALUATION MODELS
Creators: name: Mathews, Leah Greden
name: Kask, Susan B.
name: Stewart, Steve
name: Mathews, Leah Greden
name: Kask, Susan B.
name: Stewart, Steve
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Scenic beauty contributes to residents' quality of life and also serves to attract visitors to recreational areas. Because of the dynamic relationship between people, land, and rural development, there is an increasing interest in estimating the value of scenic quality using nonmarket valuation techniques. This study estimates the value of scenic quality to Blue Ridge Parkway visitors using choice and contingent valuation models. Results suggest that further research into respondent perceptions of CM and CVM models, and the conditions under which they yield comparable estimates, is warranted.
What's Sex Got To Do With Fair Machine Learning?
Creators: name: Hu, Lily
name: Kohler-Hausmann, Issa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Debate about fairness in machine learning has largely centered around competing definitions of what fairness or nondiscrimination between groups requires. However, little attention has been paid to what precisely a group is. Many recent approaches to "fairness" require one to specify a causal model of the data generating process. These exercises make an implicit ontological assumption that a racial or sex group is simply a collection of individuals who share a given trait. We show this by exploring the formal assumption of modularity in causal models, which holds that the dependencies captured by one causal pathway are invariant to interventions on any other pathways. Causal models of sex propose two substantive claims: 1) There exists a feature, sex-on-its-own, that is an inherent trait of an individual that causally brings about social phenomena external to it in the world; and 2) the relations between sex and its effects can be modified in whichever ways and the former feature would still retain the meaning that sex has in our world. We argue that this ontological picture is false. Many of the "effects" that sex purportedly "causes" are in fact constitutive features of sex as a social status. They give the social meaning of sex features, meanings that are precisely what make sex discrimination a distinctively morally problematic type of action. Correcting this conceptual error has a number of implications for how models can be used to detect discrimination. Formal diagrams of constitutive relations present an entirely different path toward reasoning about discrimination. Whereas causal diagrams guide the construction of sophisticated modular counterfactuals, constitutive diagrams identify a different kind of counterfactual as central to an inquiry on discrimination: one that asks how the social meaning of a group would be changed if its non-modular features were altered.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency
Magnetic Field Clumping in Massive Star-Forming Regions as Determined from Excited-State OH Absorption and Maser Emission
Creators: name: Fish, Vincent L.
name: Reid, Mark J.
name: Menten, Karl M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed six high-mass star-forming regions in the 2 Pi 3/2, J = 7/2 lines of OH using the GBT in order to investigate whether the magnetic field, and hence the density, measured in absorption differs from that implied by maser Zeeman splitting. We detect absorption in both the 13441 and 13434 MHz main lines in all six sources. Zeeman splitting in the F = 3-3 absorption line in W3(OH) implies a line-of-sight magnetic field strength of 3.0 +/- 0.3 mG. This is significantly less than full magnetic field strengths detected from OH maser Zeeman splitting, suggesting that OH maser regions may be denser than the non-masing OH material by a factor of several. Zeeman splitting is not detected in other sources, but we are able to place upper limits on B_parallel of 1.2 mG in G10.624-0.385 and 2.9 mG in K3-50. These results are consistent with a density enhancement of the masers, but other explanations for the lower magnetic field in absorption compared to maser emission are possible for these two sources. Absorption in one or both of the 13442 and 13433 MHz satellite lines is also seen in four sources. This is the very first detection of the 2 Pi 3/2, J = 7/2 satellite lines. Ratios of satellite-line to main-line absorption suggest enhancement of the satellite lines from local thermodynamic equilibrium values. Masers are seen in the F = 4-4 and 3-3 transitions of W3(OH) and the 4-4 transition of ON 1. A previously undetected 4-4 maser is seen near -44.85 km/s in W3(OH).
description: 29 pages, 22 figures, scheduled to be published in 20 April 2005 issue of ApJ (vol 623, no 2)
Magnetization control by angular momentum transfer from surface acoustic wave to ferromagnetic spin moments
Creators: name: Sasaki, R.
name: Nii, Y.
name: Onose, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The angular momentum interconversion between electron spin and other type of angular momenta is useful to develop new spintronic functionalities. The conversions from the angular momentum of photon and mechanical rotation to ferromagnetic spin moment have been well studied. While the recent studies theoretically suggested circular vibration of atoms works as angular momentum of phonon, the direct experimental demonstration of conversion to spin moments remains to be performed. Here we demonstrate that the phonon angular momentum of surface acoustic wave can control the magnetization of a ferromagnetic Ni film by means of the phononic-to-electronic conversion of angular momentum in Ni/LiNbO$_3$ hybrid device. This result clearly shows the phonon angular momentum is useful to further fictionalize spintronic devices.
A new constraint on the time dependence of the proton-to-electron mass ratio. Analysis of the Q 0347-383 and Q 0405-443 spectra
Creators: name: Ivanchik, A.
name: Petitjean, P.
name: Varshalovich, D.
name: Aracil, B.
name: Srianand, R.
name: Chand, H.
name: Ledoux, C.
name: Boisse, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new limit on the possible cosmological variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio μ=m_p/m_e is estimated by measuring wavelengths of H_2 lines of Lyman and Werner bands from two absorption systems at z_abs = 2.5947 and 3.0249 in the spectra of quasars Q 0405-443 and Q 0347-383, respectively. Data are of the highest spectral resolution (R = 53000) and S/N ratio (30\div70) for this kind of study. We search for any correlation between z_i, the redshift of observed lines, determined using laboratory wavelengths as references, and K_i, the sensitivity coefficient of the lines to a change of μ, that could be interpreted as a variation of μover the corresponding cosmological time. We use two sets of laboratory wavelengths, the first one, Set (A) (Abgrall et al.), based on experimental determination of energy levels and the second one, Set (P) (Philip et al.), based on new laboratory measurements of some individual rest-wavelengths. We find Δμ/μ= (3.05+-0.75)10^-5 for Set (A), and Δμ/μ= (1.65+-0.74)10^-5 for Set (P). The second determination is the most stringent limit on the variation of μover the last 12 Gyrs ever obtained. The correlation found using Set (A) seems to show that some amount of systematic error is hidden in the determination of energy levels of the H$_2$ molecule.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publications in "Astronomy and Astrophysics"
ECONOMIC BURDEN OF SALMONELLA INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES
Creators: name: Adhikari, Bishwa B.
name: Angulo, Frederick
name: Meltzer, Martin
name: Adhikari, Bishwa B.
name: Angulo, Frederick
name: Meltzer, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The aim of this study is to evaluate medical expenditures and lost productivity associated with burden of Salmonella infections. We used laboratory confirmed number of Salmonella cases and corresponding multipliers to estimate the burden of illness using the method adopted by Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The medical costs estimates are retrospective analysis of reimbursement records from MarketScan data. We identified patients with a diagnosis of salmonellosis using ICD-9 CM codes from the MarketScan 1993-2001 databases. Productivity loss from the nonfatal cases of Salmonella was calculated using the distributions of lost workdays and household services due to the illness. Statistical value of life approach was used to estimate the costs due to premature deaths. We also compared the costs for the gastrointestinal salmonellosis to the cost for the invasive salmonellosis. Confidence intervals around the cost estimates were calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. Estimated average economic burden due to Salmonella was $210 per outpatient, $5,797 per inpatient with gastrointestinal infection, $16,441 per impatient with invasive infection and $4.63 million per premature death. Total economic buren due to Salmonella in the United States was estimated at $2.8 billion (95% CI: $1.6 to $5.3 billion) annually, which is approximately $2,472 per case of Salmonella infection. The cost estimate is largely driven by the number of premature deaths followed by average cost of hospitalization. Defining the risk factors for fatal outcomes may help target treatment and preventive strategies.
Multiple light source optical flow for translations and rotations in the image plane
Creators: name: Takagi, Shingo Jason
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The classic optical flow constraint equation is accurate under conditions of translation and distant light sources, but becomes inaccurate under conditions where the object may rotate or deform. The inaccuracies are generally a result of the changing intensities at points under rotation or deformation. The changing intensities of these points are associated with the changing surface gradients. We investigate a novel approach to multiple light source optical flow under known reflectance properties. This novel approach is specialized for translation and for rotation around axes which are parallel to the optical axis. The assumption that the object is moving under translation, rotation, or a combination of translation androtation in the image plane allows us to introduce a physical surface area constraint. Even with this additional constraint, however, the problem still remains locally underdetermined. At each time frame, our multiple light source optical flow approach assumes that three images are acquired from the same viewpoint, but under three different illumination conditions. Photometric stereo determines many of the coefficients in our underdetermined system, which has six equations in seven unknowns at each pixel in the image. Two of the unknowns are the optical flow components. Another three of the unknowns are the total derivatives of the three intensities with respect to time. The last two are the total derivatives of the surface gradients with respect to time. A variety of local regularization methods were investigated to select optical flow estimates which best matched the known motion fields. All the experimental results for this approach were obtained from synthetic data, in which the motion fields were known.
ASGN: An Active Semi-supervised Graph Neural Network for Molecular Property Prediction
Creators: name: Hao, Zhongkai
name: Lu, Chengqiang
name: Hu, Zheyuan
name: Wang, Hao
name: Huang, Zhenya
name: Liu, Qi
name: Chen, Enhong
name: Lee, Cheekong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Molecular property prediction (e.g., energy) is an essential problem in chemistry and biology. Unfortunately, many supervised learning methods usually suffer from the problem of scarce labeled molecules in the chemical space, where such property labels are generally obtained by Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculation which is extremely computational costly. An effective solution is to incorporate the unlabeled molecules in a semi-supervised fashion. However, learning semi-supervised representation for large amounts of molecules is challenging, including the joint representation issue of both molecular essence and structure, the conflict between representation and property leaning. Here we propose a novel framework called Active Semi-supervised Graph Neural Network (ASGN) by incorporating both labeled and unlabeled molecules. Specifically, ASGN adopts a teacher-student framework. In the teacher model, we propose a novel semi-supervised learning method to learn general representation that jointly exploits information from molecular structure and molecular distribution. Then in the student model, we target at property prediction task to deal with the learning loss conflict. At last, we proposed a novel active learning strategy in terms of molecular diversities to select informative data during the whole framework learning. We conduct extensive experiments on several public datasets. Experimental results show the remarkable performance of our ASGN framework.
description: 9 pages
Can we predict $Λ$ for the Non-SUSY sector of the Landscape ?
Creators: name: Mersini-Houghton, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new selection criteria for predicting the most probable wavefunction of the universe that propagates on the string landscape background, by studying its dynamics from a quantum cosmology view. Previously we applied this proposal to the $SUSY$ sector of the landscape. In this work the dynamic selection criterion is applied to the investigation of the non-$SUSY$ sector.In the absence of detailed information about its structure, it is assumed that this sector has a stochastic distribution of vacua energies.The calculation of a distribution probability for the cosmological constants $Λ_{eff}$, obtained from the density of states $ρ$, indicates that the most probable wavefunction is peaked around universes with zero $Λ_{eff}$. In contrast to the {\it extended wavefunction} solutions found for the $SUSY$ sector with $N$-vacua and peaked around $Λ_{eff}\simeq \frac{1}{N^2}$, wavefunctions residing on the non-$SUSY$ sector exhibit {\it Anderson localization}.Although minisuperspace is a limited approach it presently provides a dynamical quantum selection rule for the most probable vacua solution from the landscape.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
$A$ dependence of the $γ$- and $p$-induced production of the $Λ(1520)$ from nuclei
Creators: name: Kaskulov, M.
name: Roca, L.
name: Oset, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using results of a recent calculation of the $Λ(1520)$ in the nuclear medium, which show that the medium width is about five times the free width, we study the A dependence of the $Λ(1520)$ production cross section in the reactions $γ~A \to K^+ Λ(1520) A^\prime$ and $p~ A \to p~ K^+ Λ(1520) A^\prime$. We find a sizable A dependence in the ratio of the nuclear cross sections for heavy nuclei with respect to a light one due to the large value of the $Λ(1520)$ width in the medium, showing that devoted experiments, easily within reach in present facilities, can provide good information on that magnitude by measuring the cross sections studied here.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
High-resolution spectroscopic monitoring observations of FU Orionis-type object, V960 Mon
Creators: name: Park, Sunkyung
name: Lee, Jeong-Eun
name: Pyo, Tae-Soo
name: Jaffe, Daniel T.
name: Mace, Gregory N.
name: Sung, Hyun-Il
name: Lee, Sang-Gak
name: Kang, Wonseok
name: Oh, Hyung-Il
name: Yoon, Tae Seog
name: Yoon, Sung-Yong
name: Green, Joel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of high-resolution (R $\ge$ 30,000) optical and near-infrared spectroscopic monitoring observations of a FU Orionis-type object, V960 Mon, which underwent an outburst in 2014 November. We have monitored this object with the Bohyunsan Optical Echelle Spectrograph (BOES) and the Immersion GRating INfrared Spectrograph (IGRINS) since 2014 December. Various features produced by a wind, disk, and outflow/jet were detected. The wind features varied over time and continually weakened after the outburst. We detected double-peaked line profiles in the optical and near-infrared, and the line widths tend to decrease with increasing wavelength, indicative of Keplerian disk rotation. The disk features in the optical and near-infrared spectra fit well with G-type and K-type stellar spectra convolved with a kernel to account for the maximum projected disk rotation velocity of about 40.3$\pm$3.8 km s$^{-1}$ and 36.3$\pm$3.9 km s$^{-1}$, respectively. We also report the detection of [S II] and H$_{2}$ emission lines, which are jet/outflow tracers and rarely found in FUors.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
BOOTSTRAPPING IN VECTOR AUTOREGRESSIONS: AN APPLICATION TO THE PORK SECTOR
Creators: name: Susanto, Dwi
name: Zapata, Hector O.
name: Cramer, Gail L.
name: Susanto, Dwi
name: Zapata, Hector O.
name: Cramer, Gail L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Standard bootstrap method is used to generate confidence intervals (CIs) of impulse response functions of VAR and SVAR models in the pork sector. In the VAR model, the bootstrap method does not produce significant different results from Monte Carlo simulations. In the SVAR analysis, on the other hand, the bootstrap CIs are significantly different from Monte Carlo CIs after a six period forecast intervals. This suggests that the choice of method used to measure reliability of IRFs is not trivial. Furthermore, bootstrap CIs in SVAR model seem to be more stable than MC CIs, which tend to be wider in the longer horizons.
DEMOGRAPHIC, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL DETERMINANTS OF LAND DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S.
Creators: name: Templeton, Scott R.
name: Templeton, Scott R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Two reduced-form, econometric models of developed land area were estimated with the data from the USDA's National Resource Inventory and numerous other sources for 49 states during 1982-1997. In these linear and semi-quadratic fixed-effects models, developed land area is smaller where the average real gas price or conservation- reserve-program payment per enrolled acre during the previous five years is higher. This area also decreases as the average share of lower-house Democrats or real per-capita agricultural and mining production during the previous five years grows. Increases in a state's average population and average annual growth rate of real non-agricultural and non-mining output per capita during the previous five years induce land development. Policies that increase real CRP payments per enrolled acre, improve the real returns to agriculture and mining, reduce population growth, or raise real gasoline prices are likely to reduce land development.
Scattering of Noncommutative Strings: A Note on Signature Change at Planck Scale
Creators: name: Kar, Supriya
name: Majumdar, Sumit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the S-matrix, for the scattering of two string states, on a noncommutative D3-brane in a path integral formalism. Our analysis attempts to resolve the issue of ``imaginary string'', originally raised by `t Hooft in a point-particle scattering at Planck energy, by incorporating a notion of signature change on an emerging semi-classical D-string in the theory.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures
COLLECTIVE ACTION AND INFORMAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ROTATING AND SAVINGS CREDIT ASSOCIATIONS (ROSCAS) IN SENEGAL
Creators: name: Fadiga, Mohamadou L.
name: Fadiga-Stewart, Leslie A.
name: Fadiga, Mohamadou L.
name: Fadiga-Stewart, Leslie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This study analyzes how rotating savings and credit associations (ROSCAs) in Senegal were able to overcome the collective action dilemma, maintain institutional performance, and remain sustainable over time. This study models cooperation among members as well as the performance and sustainability of associations using data collected from field research conducted in Dakar, Senegal in 2001. The results show that factors such as homogeneity of individuals within an association, how long the association has existed, how defaults are covered, and rules such residency requirements, individual contributions, and rotation order are to various degree critical to the performance and sustainability of ROSCAs and to the fostering of cooperation among members of these associations.
Demo: iJam with Channel Randomization
Creators: name: Melcher, Jordan L.
name: Zheng, Yao
name: Anthony, Dylan
name: Troglia, Matthew
name: Pan, Yanjun
name: Li, Ming
name: Yang, Thomas
name: Yang, Alvin
name: Aggelopoulos, Samson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Physical-layer key generation methods utilize the variations of the communication channel to achieve a secure key agreement between two parties with no prior security association. Their secrecy rate (bit generation rate) depends heavily on the randomness of the channel, which may reduce significantly in a stable environment. Existing methods seek to improve the secrecy rate by injecting artificial noise into the channel. Unfortunately, noise injection cannot alter the underlying channel state, which depends on the multipath environment between the transmitter and receiver. Consequently, these methods are known to leak key bits toward multi-antenna eavesdroppers, which is capable of filtering the noise through the differential of multiple signal receptions. This work demonstrates an improved approach to reinforce physical-layer key generation schemes, e.g., channel randomization. The channel randomization approach leverages a reconfigurable antenna to rapidly change the channel state during transmission, and an angle-of-departure (AoD) based channel estimation algorithm to cancel the changing effects for the intended receiver. The combined result is a communication channel stable in the eyes of the intended receiver but randomly changing from the viewpoint of the eavesdropper. We augmented an existing physical-layer key generation protocol, iJam, with the proposed approach and developed a full-fledged remote instrumentation platform to demonstrate its performance. Our evaluations show that augmentation does not affect the bit error rate (BER) of the intended receiver during key establishment but reduces the eavesdropper's BER to the level of random guessing, regardless of the number of antennas it equips.
Compressible Navier-Stokes equations with heterogeneous pressure laws
Creators: name: Bresch, Didier
name: Jabin, Pierre Emmanuel
name: Wang, Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper concerns the existence of global weak solutions à la Leray for compressible Navier-Stokes equations with a pressure law that depends on the density and on time and space variables $t$ and $x$. The assumptions on the pressure contain only locally Lipschitz assumption with respect to the density variable and some hypothesis with respect to the extra time and space variables. It may be seen as a first step to consider heat-conducting Navier-Stokes equations with physical laws such as the truncated virial assumption. The paper focuses on the construction of approximate solutions through a new regularized and fixed point procedure and on the weak stability process taking advantage of the new method introduced by the two first authors with a careful study of an appropriate regularized quantity linked to the pressure.
CHINA'S ROLE IN WORLD COTTON AND TEXTILE MARKETS
Creators: name: MacDonald, Stephen
name: Pan, Suwen
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Tuan, Francis C.
name: MacDonald, Stephen
name: Pan, Suwen
name: Somwaru, Agapi
name: Tuan, Francis C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Agribusiness
Industrial Organization

description: The growth of China's textile industry has been one of the dominant factors shaping world cotton and textile markets in recent years. Since China's accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001, China's textile and apparel (T&A) exports have grown by more than 40 percent and China's cotton consumption has grown by 34 percent. By the end of 2003, China had nearly doubled its share of world T&A exports in less than a decade, to about 21 percent. T&A exports from China and other developing countries are constrained by quotas originally implemented by developed countries under the Multifibre Arrangement (MFA). Under the Uruguay Round's Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC), these quotas have been gradually phased-out since 1995, with complete removal scheduled for the end of 2004. This study incorporates alternatives of the impact of the ATC's implementation in an analysis of China's textile industry, and its impact in turn on China's cotton sector. The study finds that, assuming equilibrium levels of income and exchange rates, alternative ATC scenarios are expected to increase China's net apparel exports, textile production, cotton consumption, cotton production, and cotton imports. This study also finds that these results are somewhat sensitive to estimates of expected efficiency gains around the world.
Orbital Motion, Variability, and Masses in the T Tauri Triple System
Creators: name: Schaefer, G. H.
name: Beck, Tracy L.
name: Prato, L.
name: Simon, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from adaptive optics imaging of the T Tauri triple system obtained at the Keck and Gemini Observatories in 2015-2019. We fit the orbital motion of T Tau Sb relative to Sa and model the astrometric motion of their center of mass relative to T Tau N. Using the distance measured by Gaia, we derived dynamical masses of M_Sa = 2.05 +/- 0.14 Msun and M_Sb = 0.43 +/- 0.06 Msun. The precision in the masses is expected to improve with continued observations that map the motion through a complete orbital period; this is particularly important as the system approaches periastron passage in 2023. Based on published properties and recent evolutionary tracks, we estimate a mass of ~ 2 Msun for T Tau N, suggesting that T Tau N is similar in mass to T Tau Sa. Narrow-band infrared photometry shows that T Tau N remained relatively constant between late 2017 and early 2019 with an average value of K = 5.54 +/- 0.07 mag. Using T Tau N to calibrate relative flux measurements since 2015, we found that T Tau Sa varied dramatically between 7.0 to 8.8 mag in the K-band over timescales of a few months, while T Tau Sb faded steadily from 8.5 to 11.1 mag in the K-band. Over the 27 year orbital period of the T Tau S binary, both components have shown 3-4 magnitudes of variability in the K-band, relative to T Tau N.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in AJ
USO DO MANDACARU (CEREUS JAMACARU) PARA O TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA
Creators: name: NASCIMENTO, F. J. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: TRATAMENTO DE ÁGUA
MANDACARU
COAGULANTE NATURAL

description: O resumo simples, intitulado "Uso do Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru) para o Tratamento de Água", foi submetido ao III Congresso Brasileiro Online de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão em 2024, organizado pela Sociedade Brasileira de Eventos Científicos (SOBREC). O autor, Fernando Jeferson de Macedo Nascimento, cuja referência de citação é "Nascimento, F. J. M.", apresentou o trabalho com o objetivo de divulgar conhecimento e incentivar o pensamento científico sobre o monitoramento da qualidade da água em rios brasileiros. O evento busca conectar a divulgação científica, o ensino e a extensão acadêmica, visando atingir um amplo público interessado nessa temática.
HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IN THE PROCESSED FOOD SECTOR
Creators: name: Frahan, Bruno Henry De
name: Tharakan, Joe
name: Frahan, Bruno Henry De
name: Tharakan, Joe
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: intra-industry trade
subject: horizontal differentiation
subject: vertical differentiation
subject: processed food sector
subject: European Union

description: For the first time in the food trade literature, the determinants of intra-industry trade (IIT) in horizontally differentiated products and vertically differentiated products are separately tested using the most recent theoretical models of IIT. For both 1980 and 1990, the econometric results confirm country- and industry- specific determinants proposed by these models for explaining horizontal and vertical IIT in the European processed food sector.
PRICE FOUNDED TESTS FOR MARKET INTEGRATION: FISH MARKETS IN FRANCE
Creators: name: Asche, Frank
name: Gordon, Daniel V.
name: Hannesson, Rognvaldur
name: Asche, Frank
name: Gordon, Daniel V.
name: Hannesson, Rognvaldur
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper discuss the relationship between traditional parametric tests for market integration such as causuality tests and tests of the Law of One Price and cointegration tests for market integration. We show that cointegration tests are a natural extension of the traditional methods taking into account that prices are nonstationary, and not an alternative approach. By using the Johansen test, one can both test for causality and provided that prices are cointegrated, for the Law of One Price. An empirical analysis is provided for the whitefish market in France.
H-space structure on pointed mapping spaces
Creators: name: Felix, Yves
name: Tanre, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55R80, 55P62, 55T99

description: We investigate the existence of an H-space structure on the function space, F_*(X,Y,*), of based maps in the component of the trivial map between two pointed connected CW-complexes X and Y. For that, we introduce the notion of H(n)-space and prove that we have an H-space structure on F_*(X,Y,*) if Y is an H(n)-space and X is of Lusternik-Schnirelmann category less than or equal to n. When we consider the rational homotopy type of nilpotent finite type CW-complexes, the existence of an H(n)-space structure can be easily detected on the minimal model and coincides with the differential length considered by Y. Kotani. When X is finite, using the Haefliger model for function spaces, we can prove that the rational cohomology of F_*(X,Y,*) is free commutative if the rational cup length of X is strictly less than the differential length of Y, generalizing a recent result of Y. Kotani.
description: Published by Algebraic and Geometric Topology at http://www.maths.warwick.ac.uk/agt/AGTVol5/agt-5-29.abs.html
Hidden measurements, hidden variables and the volume representation of transition probabilities
Creators: name: Oliynyk, Todd A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct, for any finite dimension $n$, a new hidden measurement model for quantum mechanics based on representing quantum transition probabilities by the volume of regions in projective Hilbert space. For $n=2$ our model is equivalent to the Aerts sphere model and serves as a generalization of it for dimensions $n \geq 3$. We also show how to construct a hidden variables scheme based on hidden measurements and we discuss how joint distributions arise in our hidden variables scheme and their relationship with the results of Fine.
description: 23 pages, 1 figure
Coronal Emission Measures and Abundances for Moderately Active K Dwarfs Observed by Chandra
Creators: name: Wood, Brian E.
name: Linsky, Jeffrey L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used Chandra to resolve the nearby 70 Oph (K0 V+K5 V) and 36 Oph (K1 V+K1 V) binary systems for the first time in X-rays. The LETG/HRC-S spectra of all four of these stars are presented and compared with an archival LETG spectrum of another moderately active K dwarf, Epsilon Eri. Coronal densities are estimated from O VII line ratios and emission measure distributions are computed for all five of these stars. We see no substantial differences in coronal density or temperature among these stars, which is not surprising considering that they are all early K dwarfs with similar activity levels. However, we do see significant differences in coronal abundance patterns. Coronal abundance anomalies are generally associated with the first ionization potential (FIP) of the elements. On the Sun, low-FIP elements are enhanced in the corona relative to high-FIP elements, the so-called "FIP effect." Different levels of FIP effect are seen for our stellar sample, ranging from 70 Oph A, which shows a prominent solar-like FIP effect, to 70 Oph B, which has no FIP bias at all or possibly even a weak inverse FIP effect. The strong abundance difference exhibited by the two 70 Oph stars is unexpected considering how similar these stars are in all other respects (spectral type, age, rotation period, X-ray flux). It will be difficult for any theoretical explanation for the FIP effect to explain how two stars so similar in all other respects can have coronae with different degrees of FIP bias. Finally, for the stars in our sample exhibiting a FIP effect, a curious difference from the solar version of the phenomenon is that the data seem to be more consistent with the high-FIP elements being depleted in the corona rather than a with a low-FIP enhancement
description: 35 pages, 8 figures, AASTEX v5.0 plus EPSF extensions in mkfig.sty; accepted by ApJ
Geodesic of nonlinear electrodynamics and stable photon orbits
Creators: name: Habibina, A S.
name: Ramadhan, H. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the geodesics of charged black holes in polynomial Maxwell Lagrangians, a subclass of models within the nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED). Specifically, we consider black holes in Kruglov, power-law, and Ayon-Beato-Garcia models. Our exploration on the corresponding null bound states reveals that photon can orbit the extremal black holes in stable radii outside the corresponding horizon. The reason behind this is the well-known theorem that a photon in a NLED background propagates along its own {\it effective} geometry. This nonlinearity is able to shift the local minimum of the effective potential away from its corresponding outer horizon. For the null scattering states we obtain corrections to the weak deflection angle off the black holes. We rule out the power-law model to be physical since its deflection angle does not reduce to the Schwarzschild in the limit of the vanishing charge.
description: 30 pages, 19 figures
THE EFFECT OF AN ELECTRONIC BENEFIT TRANSFER (EBT) SYSTEM ON FOOD EXPENDITURE OF FOOD STAMP RECIPIENTS: EVIDENCE FROM THE MARYLAND STATEWIDE IMPLEMENTATION
Creators: name: Levedahl, J. William
name: Levedahl, J. William
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: Survey data before and after the statewide implementation of an Electronic Benefit Transfer system in Maryland is used to estimate the impact of this system on net food expenditure out of Food Stamp Program (FSP) benefits and income. A reduction in the net food expenditure from FSP benefits relative to income reduces the FSP's ability to target food expenditure.
Scene Image Representation by Foreground, Background and Hybrid Features
Creators: name: Sitaula, Chiranjibi
name: Xiang, Yong
name: Aryal, Sunil
name: Lu, Xuequan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Previous methods for representing scene images based on deep learning primarily consider either the foreground or background information as the discriminating clues for the classification task. However, scene images also require additional information (hybrid) to cope with the inter-class similarity and intra-class variation problems. In this paper, we propose to use hybrid features in addition to foreground and background features to represent scene images. We suppose that these three types of information could jointly help to represent scene image more accurately. To this end, we adopt three VGG-16 architectures pre-trained on ImageNet, Places, and Hybrid (both ImageNet and Places) datasets for the corresponding extraction of foreground, background and hybrid information. All these three types of deep features are further aggregated to achieve our final features for the representation of scene images. Extensive experiments on two large benchmark scene datasets (MIT-67 and SUN-397) show that our method produces the state-of-the-art classification performance.
description: Submitted to Expert Systems with Applications (ESWA), 28 pages and 17 images
THE VALUE OF EL NINO FORECAST METHODS FOR THE U.S. WINTER WHEAT PRODUCERS, DO THEY DIFFER?
Creators: name: Hill, Harvey S.J.
name: Park, Jaehong
name: Mjelde, James W.
name: Rosenthal, Wesley
name: Love, H. Alan
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
name: Hill, Harvey S.J.
name: Park, Jaehong
name: Mjelde, James W.
name: Rosenthal, Wesley
name: Love, H. Alan
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: El Niño
subject: Southern Oscillation
subject: Value of Information
subject: Winter Wheat

description: The value of improved climate forecasts to winter wheat producers is estimated. Two El Niño/Southern Oscillation based forecasting methods are compared. In most regions, a five phase approach is more valuable than the more commonly used three phase approach. Economic value and distributional aspects have implications for producers, policy makers, and meteorologists.
AGRICULTURE-TO-INSTREAM AND URBAN WATER TRANSFERS IN THE CENTRAL VALLEY OF CALIFORNIA: AN ECONOMIC REALITY CHECK
Creators: name: Zhang, Bin
name: Hatchett, Steven
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Hatchett, Steven
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: More than two million acre-feet (MAF) of water transfers from agriculture to urban and instream are discussed and debated in California. We use a regional agricultural production and water transfer model to evaluate potential third party impacts of transferring one MAF of water from the Central Valley of California. A range of impacts is estimated under three different scenarios. Our base scenario shows that the adverse economic impacts in the area of origin include a $170 net personal income loss for each acre-foot of water transferred, and 8 job losses for each thousand acre-feet of water transferred.
Probing neutrino mass hierarchies and $ϕ_{13}$ with supernova neutrinos
Creators: name: Chiu, Shao-Hsuan
name: Kuo, T. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the feasibility of probing the neutrino mass hierarchy and the mixing angle $ϕ_{13}$ with the neutrino burst from a future supernova. An inverse power-law density $ρ\sim r^{n} $ with varying $n$ is adopted in the analysis as the density profile of a typical core-collapse supernova. The survival probabilities of $ν_{e}$ and $\barν_{e}$ are shown to reduce to two-dimensional functions of $n$ and $ϕ_{13}$. It is found that in the $n-\sin^{2} ϕ_{13}$ parameter space, the 3D plots of the probability functions exhibit highly non-trivial structures that are sensitive to the mass hierarchy, the mixing angle $ϕ_{13}$, and the value of $n$. The conditions that lead to observable differences in the 3D plots are established. With the uncertainty of $n$ considered, a qualitative analysis of the Earth matter effect is also included.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures. Ref [11] added, and some typos corrected
EL NINO AND COFFEE PRICE VOLATILITY IN 1997
Creators: name: Frechette, Darren L.
name: Delavan, Willard
name: Frechette, Darren L.
name: Delavan, Willard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Coffee price volatility was extreme in 1997. With no obvious drought or freezing conditions in major growing countries, market analysts blamed El Nino. Alternatively, economic theory implies that commodity price volatility should be high when inventories are low. We analyze and test these two hypotheses
Intrinsic phonon decoherence and quantum gates in coupled lateral quantum dot charge qubits
Creators: name: Storcz, Markus J.
name: Hartmann, Udo
name: Kohler, Sigmund
name: Wilhelm, Frank K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments by Hayashi et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 226804 (2003)] demonstrate coherent oscillations of a charge quantum bit (qubit) in laterally defined quantum dots. We study the intrinsic electron-phonon decoherence and gate performance for the next step: a system of two coupled charge qubits. The effective decoherence model contains properties of local as well as collective decoherence. Decoherence channels can be classified by their multipole moments, which leads to different low-energy spectra. It is shown that due to the super-Ohmic spectrum, the gate quality is limited by the single-qubit Hadamard gates. It can be significantly improved, by using double-dots with weak tunnel coupling.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Langmaack, Gerhard (Hrsg.), Kirchenbau und Ökumene
Creators: name: Groscurth, Reinhard
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 13 Nr. 3 (1964): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 13, Heft 3
AGRICULTURAL BANK EFFICIENCY AND THE ROLE OF MANAGERIAL RISK PREFERENCES
Creators: name: Armah, Bernard Kaku Ndarku
name: Park, Timothy A.
name: Armah, Bernard Kaku Ndarku
name: Park, Timothy A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1998
Subjects: Financial Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: We investigate the objectives of agricultural bank managers and their impacts on bank efficiency. If managers are non-neutral toward risk, then banks may appear inefficient when they are not. We find non-neutrality toward risk and efficiency gains due to firm size, loan shares, asset shares, and share of market deposits.
Blue Stragglers as Stellar Collision Products: the Angular Momentum Question
Creators: name: Sills, Alison
name: Adams, Tim
name: Davies, Melvyn B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the structure and evolution of blue stragglers stars which were formed from direct stellar collisions between main sequence stars in globular clusters. In particular, we look at the rotational evolution of the products of off-axis collisions. As found in previous work, such blue stragglers initially have too high an angular momentum to contract down to the main sequence. We consider angular momentum loss through either disc locking or locking to an outflowing wind and show that both methods allow the merged object to shed sufficient angular momentum to contract down to the main sequence.
description: accepted by MNRAS