cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Setting upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves using the first science data from the GEO600 and LIGO detectors
Creators: name: The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
name: Abbott, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data collected by the GEO600 and LIGO interferometric gravitational wave detectors during their first observational science run were searched for continuous gravitational waves from the pulsar J1939+2134 at twice its rotation frequency. Two independent analysis methods were used and are demonstrated in this paper: a frequency domain method and a time domain method. Both achieve consistent null results, placing new upper limits on the strength of the pulsar's gravitational wave emission. A model emission mechanism is used to interpret the limits as a constraint on the pulsar's equatorial ellipticity.
description: 16 pages,8 figures
Two-loop corrections to the decay rate of parapositronium
Creators: name: Adkins, Gregory S.
name: McGovern, Nathan M.
name: Fell, Richard N.
name: Sapirstein, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Order $α^2$ corrections to the decay rate of parapositronium are calculated. A QED scattering calculation of the amplitude for electron-positron annihilation into two photons at threshold is combined with the technique of effective field theory to determine an NRQED Hamiltonian, which is then used in a bound state calculation to determine the decay rate. Our result for the two-loop correction is $5.1243(33)$ in units of $(α/π)^2$ times the lowest order rate. This is consistent with but more precise than the result $5.1(3)$ of a previous calculation.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
Hypernuclear structure from gamma-ray spectroscopy
Creators: name: Millener, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energies of p-shell hypernuclear gamma rays obtained from recent experiments using the Hyperball at BNL and KEK are used to constrain the YN interaction which enters into shell-model calculations that include both Lambda and Sigma configurations.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; HYP2003, Jefferson Lab, October 14-18, 2003; proceedings to appear in Nuclear Physics A
Weakly Supervised Universal Fracture Detection in Pelvic X-rays
Creators: name: Wang, Yirui
name: Lu, Le
name: Cheng, Chi-Tung
name: Jin, Dakai
name: Harrison, Adam P.
name: Xiao, Jing
name: Liao, Chien-Hung
name: Miao, Shun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hip and pelvic fractures are serious injuries with life-threatening complications. However, diagnostic errors of fractures in pelvic X-rays (PXRs) are very common, driving the demand for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) solutions. A major challenge lies in the fact that fractures are localized patterns that require localized analyses. Unfortunately, the PXRs residing in hospital picture archiving and communication system do not typically specify region of interests. In this paper, we propose a two-stage hip and pelvic fracture detection method that executes localized fracture classification using weakly supervised ROI mining. The first stage uses a large capacity fully-convolutional network, i.e., deep with high levels of abstraction, in a multiple instance learning setting to automatically mine probable true positive and definite hard negative ROIs from the whole PXR in the training data. The second stage trains a smaller capacity model, i.e., shallower and more generalizable, with the mined ROIs to perform localized analyses to classify fractures. During inference, our method detects hip and pelvic fractures in one pass by chaining the probability outputs of the two stages together. We evaluate our method on 4 410 PXRs, reporting an area under the ROC curve value of 0.975, the highest among state-of-the-art fracture detection methods. Moreover, we show that our two-stage approach can perform comparably to human physicians (even outperforming emergency physicians and surgeons), in a preliminary reader study of 23 readers.
description: MICCAI 2019 (early accept)
Hidden starburst in Seyfert 1 Galaxies
Creators: name: Rodriguez-Ardila, A.
name: Viegas, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of the 3.3 mu Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) feature in two Seyfert 1 galaxies - NGC 3227 and Mrk 766, and one QSO - Mrk 478, observed with SpeX at IRTF at a spectral resolution not previously attained for this type of objects. Except for NGC 3227, this is the first time that the 3.3 mu PAH emission is detected in Mrk 766 and Mrk 478. The widths of the emission, reported also for the first time, are rather similar, ranging from 450 A to 550 A. The luminosity of the 3.3 mu PAH emission measured in the QSO Mrk 478 places it at a level similar of that found in starburst and infrared luminous galaxies and implies that this object is having a vigorous burst of star formation. The spatial resolution of the spectra allows us to constrain the location of the star-forming region to the inner 1 Kpc for the QSO and 150 pc for the Seyferts. Our results support the idea that these objects resides in molecular gas-rich galaxies and that their observed infrared excess is primarily due to star formation, as previously indicated by CO and H_2 observations. We also report, for Mrk 1239, the presence of a broad emission feature centred at 3.43 mu, not previosly detected in an extragalactic object and whose origin is not yet clear.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure. Accepted to MNRAS pink pages
No Place for Distress: Implementing a Simple Tool to Screen and Address Distress Symptoms in an Adult Outpatient Cancer Center
Creators: name: Chase, Ramona E
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2016

Abstract
Background:  The Distress Thermometer (DT) is a simple and valid tool that should become the standard of care in the outpatient cancer setting to help clinicians better identify psychosocial distress at an early stage.  The purpose of the project was to implement distress screening with the distress thermometer (DT) with problem list (PL) to screen and address distress symptoms in an adult outpatient cancer center. 
Method: The distress screening pivotal visit was incorporated into the patient’s care plan at on day 8 on the 3rd cycle of the patients’ chemotherapy regimen. Patients graded their level of distress on the DT and identified the sources of their distress using the PL. A pre and post visit survey was done and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Pre-test and post-test DT scores were compared using and paired t-tests.  
Results:  A total of 83 patients received an initial distress pivotal visit and completed pre-test measures.  Seventy-two completed post-test measures. Paired-t test indicated an average reduction in distress score SD 1.76 from an average baseline score of 4.1. Paired-t test score of 9.55 and P-value <0.0001, N =71. Of those who completed a post-test evaluation, 99% found the distress screening useful.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that the DT is a simple and valid tool for measuring distress in this outpatient cancer setting. There are many validation studies supportive of this finding and encourage its use oncology clinics. However, further study may be warranted to assess long-term benefits of distress screening.
WATER DIPLOMACY OF UZBEKISTAN AND REGIONAL SECURITY ISSUES
Creators: name: Kenjayev, Amirbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The article reviews the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of transboundary water use in recent years. Particular attention is paid to the achievements of Uzbekistan's water diplomacy and its future tasks. In addition, new challenges related to the use of transboundary waters in Central Asia and the issues of the "Koshtepa" canal being built by Afghanistan were also discussed.
Aspects of superconformal field theories in six dimensions
Creators: name: Heslop, P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the analytic superspace formalism for six-dimensional $(N,0)$ superconformal field theories. Concentrating on the $(2,0)$ theory we write down the Ward identities for correlation functions in the theory and show how to solve them. We then consider the four-point function of four energy momentum multiplets in detail, explicitly solving the Ward identities in this case. We expand the four-point function using both Schur polynomials, which lead to a simple formula in terms of a single function of two variables, and (a supersymmetric generalisation of) Jack polynomials, which allow a conformal partial wave expansion. We then perform a complete conformal partial wave analysis of both the free theory four-point function and the AdS dual four-point function. We also discuss certain operators at the threshold of the series a) unitary bound, and prove that some such operators may not develop anomalous dimensions, by finding selection rules for certain three-point functions. For those operators which are not protected, we find representations with which they may combine to become long.
description: 37 pages. References added
CME-CME Interactions as Sources of CME Geo-effectiveness: The Formation of the Complex Ejecta and Intense Geomagnetic Storm in Early September 2017
Creators: name: Scolini, Camilla
name: Chané, Emmanuel
name: Temmer, Manuela
name: Kilpua, Emilia K. J.
name: Dissauer, Karin
name: Veronig, Astrid M.
name: Palmerio, Erika
name: Pomoell, Jens
name: Dumbović, Mateja
name: Guo, Jingnan
name: Rodriguez, Luciano
name: Poedts, Stefaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are the primary sources of intense disturbances at Earth, where their geo-effectiveness is largely determined by their dynamic pressure and internal magnetic field, which can be significantly altered during interactions with other CMEs in interplanetary space. We analyse three successive CMEs that erupted from the Sun during September 4-6, 2017, investigating the role of CME-CME interactions as source of the associated intense geomagnetic storm (Dst_min=-142 nT on September 7). To quantify the impact of interactions on the (geo-)effectiveness of individual CMEs, we perform global heliospheric simulations with the EUHFORIA model, using observation-based initial parameters with the additional purpose of validating the predictive capabilities of the model for complex CME events. The simulations show that around 0.45 AU, the shock driven by the September 6 CME started compressing a preceding magnetic ejecta formed by the merging of two CMEs launched on September 4, significantly amplifying its Bz until a maximum factor of 2.8 around 0.9 AU. The following gradual conversion of magnetic energy into kinetic and thermal components reduced the Bz amplification until its almost complete disappearance around 1.8 AU. We conclude that a key factor at the origin of the intense storm triggered by the September 4-6, 2017 CMEs was their arrival at Earth during the phase of maximum Bz amplification. Our analysis highlights how the amplification of the magnetic field of individual CMEs in space-time due to interaction processes can be characterised by a growth, a maximum, and a decay phase, suggesting that the time interval between the CME eruptions and their relative speeds are critical factors in determining the resulting impact of complex CMEs at various heliocentric distances (helio-effectiveness).
Social media marketing
Creators: name: Muramalla, Venkata Sai Srinivasa Rao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150502 Marketing Communications
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: 150504 Marketing Measurement
subject: 150505 Marketing Research Methodology
subject: 150506 Marketing Theory

description: This articles is on the social media in promoting higher education.
$C^{2,α}$ estimates for solutions to almost linear elliptic equations
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Arunima
name: Warren, Micah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we show $C^{2,α}$ interior estimates for viscosity solutions of fully non-linear, uniformly elliptic equations, which are close to linear equations and we also compute an explicit bound for the closeness.
Entry of Wal-Mart Supercenters and Supermarkets’ Profit Margins
Creators: name: Liu, Xiaoou
name: Lopez, Rigoberto
name: Liu, Xiaoou
name: Lopez, Rigoberto
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Wal-Mart
subject: entry
subject: profit margins
subject: milk
subject: dynamic games

description: This article quantifies the impact of Wal-Mart Supercenters on supermarkets’ profitability via a two-stage dynamic entry game, using method of simulated moments and milk scanner data from Dallas/Fort Worth supermarkets. The empirical findings show that the entry of Wal-Mart Supercenters accounts for about an average 50% decrease in milk profit margins for incumbent supermarkets. Effects of scale are found to be more significant for Wal-Mart Supercenters than for incumbent supermarkets, granting Wal-Mart a competitive edge.
Oxyomoides baileyi Dellacasa & Dellacasa & Gordon 2016, new combination
Creators: name: Dellacasa, Marco
name: Dellacasa, Giovanni
name: Gordon, Robert D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Aphodiidae
Oxyomoides
Oxyomoides baileyi

description: Oxyomoides baileyi (Skelley and Gordon, 2002) new combination
(Fig. 1–6)
 Aphodius baileyi Skelley and Gordon, 2002: 85.
 Scabrostomus baileyi; Gordon and Skelley 2007: 531.
 Type locality. 2.7 mi S. Jct. Rt. 19 on New Hope Road, Sedgefield Plantation, Thomas Co., Georgia, U.S.A.
 Type repository. Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. (paratype examined).
 Redescription. Length 3.0–4.0 mm; elongate, convex, shiny, shortly pubescent. Dark brown; clypeal margin. anterior angles of pronotum, legs and antennal club reddish brown. Head with epistome slightly convex medially, granulate throughout; clypeus faintly sinuate at middle, broadly round at sides, distinctly bordered, edge reflexed, glabrous; genae obtusely round, rather sparsely ciliate, moderately protruding from the eyes; frontal suture trigibbous; front coarsely not closely punctured, most punctures with short recumbent hairs. Pronotum transverse, convex, faintly alutaceous thus moderately shiny, irregularly not closely punctured, mostly the lateral punctures with short recumbent hairs; lateral margins weakly arcuate, distinctly bordered, edge glabrous; hind angles obtuse; base distinctly bordered. Scutellum irregularly coarsely punctured on basal half. Elytra oval elongate, convex, faintly alutaceous thus moderately shiny, deeply striate; striae narrow, superficially not closely punctured, not crenulate; interstriae convex, bearing laterally two longitudinal rows of distinct shortly pubescent punctures. Hind tibiae superior spur shorter than first tarsal segment; latter as long as following two segments combined. Male: inferior spur of middle tibiae less than half shorter than superior and obliquely truncate apically; aedeagus Fig. 2–3. Female: inferior spur of middle tibiae slender, straight, and acuminate.
 Material examined. U.S.A.: Georgia: 1.2 mi NE Gresston on Wilson Woodyard Rd., Dodge Co., 08-30. III.1997, leg. P. E. Skelley & P. W. Kovarik, Geomys burrow pitfall (6 exx., paratypes, DCGI).
 Distribution. U.S.A. (Alabama, Florida, Georgia).
 Bionomics. Most specimens examined were collected in winter from burrows of the southeastern pocket gopher, Geomys pinetis Rafinesque.
description: Published as part of Dellacasa, Marco, Dellacasa, Giovanni & Gordon, Robert D., 2016, Oxyomoides, a new genus for three species of Scabrostomus Gordon and Skelley, 2007 in the southeastern United States (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae), pp. 1-6 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (517) on page 3, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170980
Low temperature dephasing saturation from elastic magnetic spin disorder and interactions
Creators: name: Kastrinakis, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We treat the question of the low temperature behavior of the dephasing rate of the electrons in the presence of elastic spin disorder scattering and interactions. In the frame of a self-consistent diagrammatic treatment, we obtain saturation of the dephasing rate in the limit of low temperature for magnetic scattering, in agreement with the non-interacting case. The magnitude of the dephasing rate is set by the strength of the magnetic scattering rate. We discuss the agreement of our results with relevant experiments.
description: This paper supersedes cond-mat/0210223
Domain decomposition for entropy regularized optimal transport
Creators: name: Bonafini, Mauro
name: Schmitzer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study Benamou's domain decomposition algorithm for optimal transport in the entropy regularized setting. The key observation is that the regularized variant converges to the globally optimal solution under very mild assumptions. We prove linear convergence of the algorithm with respect to the Kullback--Leibler divergence and illustrate the (potentially very slow) rates with numerical examples. On problems with sufficient geometric structure (such as Wasserstein distances between images) we expect much faster convergence. We then discuss important aspects of a computationally efficient implementation, such as adaptive sparsity, a coarse-to-fine scheme and parallelization, paving the way to numerically solving large-scale optimal transport problems. We demonstrate efficient numerical performance for computing the Wasserstein-2 distance between 2D images and observe that, even without parallelization, domain decomposition compares favorably to applying a single efficient implementation of the Sinkhorn algorithm in terms of runtime, memory and solution quality.
description: V2: Updated for consistency with journal version, in particular adjusted numbering of theorems etc
Supplementary Material from Using a robotic platform to study the influence of relative tailbeat phase on the energetic costs of side-by-side swimming in fish
Creators: name: Li, Liang
name: Ravi, Sridhar
name: Guangming Xie
name: Couzin, Iain D.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 60104 Cell Metabolism
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60199 Biochemistry and Cell Biology not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Four figures and extra notes
A Unique Extension of Rich Words
Creators: name: Rukavicka, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A word $w$ is called rich if it contains $| w|+1$ palindromic factors, including the empty word. We say that a rich word $w$ can be extended in at least two ways if there are two distinct letters $x,y$ such that $wx,wy$ are rich. Let $R$ denote the set of all rich words. Given $w\in R$, let $K(w)$ denote the set of all words such that if $u\in K(w)$ then $wu\in R$ and $wu$ can be extended in at least two ways. Let $ω(w)=\min\{| u| \mid u\in K(w)\}$ and let $ϕ(n)=\max\{ω(w)\mid w\in R\mbox{ and }| w|=n\}$, where $n>0$. Vesti (2014) showed that $ϕ(n)\leq 2n$. In other words, it says that for each $w\in R$ there is a word $u$ with $| u|\leq 2| w|$ such that $wu\in R$ and $wu$ can be extended in at least two ways. We prove that $ϕ(n)\leq n$. In addition we prove that for each real constant $c>0$ and each integer $m>0$ there is $n>m$ such that $ϕ(n)\geq (\frac{2}{9}-c)n$. The results hold for each finite alphabet having at least two letters.
Matching NLO QCD and parton showers in heavy flavour production
Creators: name: Frixione, S.
name: Nason, P.
name: Webber, B. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the MC@NLO approach to the process of heavy flavour hadroproduction. MC@NLO is a method for matching next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD calculations and parton shower Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, with the following features: fully exclusive events are generated, with hadronisation according to the MC model; total rates are accurate to NLO; NLO results for distributions are recovered upon expansion in $\as$; hard emissions are treated as in NLO computations while soft/collinear emissions are handled by the MC simulation, with the same logarithmic accuracy as the MC; matching between the hard and soft regions is smooth, and no intermediate integration steps are necessary. The method was applied previously to the hadroproduction of gauge boson pairs, which at NLO involves only initial-state QCD radiation and a unique colour structure. In heavy flavour production, it is necessary to include contributions from final-state QCD radiation and different colour flows. We present illustrative results on top and bottom production at the Tevatron and LHC.
description: 70 pages Latex; 38 figures included. Minor modifications to the text, units in figs. 7,8,10,11 corrected
A ‘new normal’: Teachers’ experiences of the day-to-day impact of incentivising the study of advanced mathematics
Creators: name: Treacy, Páraic
name: Prendergast, Mark
name: O'Meara, Niamh
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education

description: This article examines teachers’ perspectives of the impact in the classroom of a novel approach to boosting participation in upper secondary (Senior Cycle) mathematics in Ireland at the most advanced level (Higher Level). This approach, termed the Bonus Points Initiative (BPI), is an incentive which has coincided with a gradual increase from 16% to 31.5% in the proportion of student cohorts opting to complete Higher Level Senior Cycle mathematics studies in Ireland between 2012 and 2018. Qualitative and quantitative data for this study was gathered through questionnaire responses from 266 teachers of Higher Level Senior Cycle mathematics across Ireland. Data analysis led to the identification of a number of emerging challenges for teachers, mainly due to widening ranges of attainment in their classrooms. These challenges include addition to workloads, worries that higher attaining students are being neglected, pressure to cover the syllabus, and concerns with regards to pace of instruction.
Home Bias in U.S. Beer Consumption
Creators: name: Lopez, Rigoberto
name: Matschke, Xenia
name: Lopez, Rigoberto
name: Matschke, Xenia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Home bias
subject: beer
subject: country of origin
subject: demand
subject: differentiated products

description: We apply the Berry, Levinsohn, and Pakes (1995) market equilibrium model to data from 30 brands of beers sold in 12 U.S. cities over 20 quarters (1988-92) to estimate the consumers’ taste for beer characteristics (price, alcohol content, and calories) as well as for the cultural region of origin (USA, Anglo-European, Germanic, and countries bordering the U.S.). Consumer heterogeneity is allowed with respect to age and income. Overall we end up with 7,200 beer brand observations (30x12x20) and 13,920 (58 random draws x 12 x 20) consumer observations. Empirical results indicate that indeed there is home bias with respect to foreign beers. Home bias is less accentuated among older and more affluent individuals.
Effects of Public Funding on Local Tradeoffs and Willingness to Pay (WTP) in a Choice Experiment: Blackstone River Watershed Management
Creators: name: Kafle, Achyut
name: Swallow, Stephen
name: Smith, Elizabeth
name: Kafle, Achyut
name: Swallow, Stephen
name: Smith, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Choice experiment
subject: Federal funding
subject: Latent class model
subject: Stated preferences
subject: Watershed management

description: In a split sample design, we examine the impact of federal funding availability on Willingness to Pay (WTP) for watershed management program attributes and tradeoffs in a choice experiment. We also evaluate how presenting respondents with different sets of choice attributes, in alternative survey designs, affects the estimation of preference functions. We also compared preferences for watershed management attributes across sub-watersheds. These issues were evaluated using the Blackstone River Watershed Public Preference Survey, in Rhode Island, USA. Our results indicate that neither federal support nor geographically distinct sub-watersheds had significant impact on tradeoffs elicited among management attributes. However, survey design may induce respondents to show distinct preferences for watershed management. We examined these issues using a multinomial logit model in comparison with a Latent Class Model (LCM) to account for heterogeneity in preferences.
Re-Evaluating the Role of Energy Efficiency Standards: A Time-Consistent Behavioral Economics Approach
Creators: name: Tsvetanov, Tsvetan
name: Segerson, Kathleen
name: Tsvetanov, Tsvetan
name: Segerson, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: behavioral economics
subject: temptation
subject: self-control
subject: time-consistent preferences
subject: energy efficiency gap
subject: energy efficiency standards
subject: Pigovian taxes

description: The economic models that prescribe Pigovian taxation as the first-best means of reducing energy-related externalities and argue that taxes are superior to energy efficiency standards are typically based on the neoclassical model of rational consumer choice. Yet, observed consumer behavior with regards to energy use and the purchase of energy-using durable goods is generally thought to be far from efficient, giving rise to the concept of the “energy-efficiency gap.” In this paper, we present a welfare analysis of Pigovian taxes and energy efficiency standards that is based on an alternative, time-consistent behavioral model. We adapt the model of temptation and self-control of Gul and Pesendorfer (2001, 2004) to the context of the purchase of energyusing durable goods. Our results suggest that (i) temptation or self-control might be a contributing factor in explaining the energy-efficiency gap, (ii) standards might be used as a commitment device to address inefficiencies in consumer choice that stem from temptation, and (iii) in the presence of temptation, a policy that combines standards with a Pigovian tax can yield higher social welfare than a Pigovian tax alone.
Climate Change: It's In Our Hands
Creators: name: Hocking, Emma
name: Shimwell, Joe
name: Padwick, Annie
name: Davenport, Carol
name: Ramsay, Alan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 410103
subject: Human impacts of climate change and human adaptation
classificationCode: 410199
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410403
subject: Environmental education and extension
classificationCode: 390105
subject: Environmental education curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 370201
subject: Climate change processes
classificationCode: 370299
subject: Climate change science not elsewhere classified

description: Climate Change: It’s In Our Hands is a classroom-based board game which helps children in upper Key Stage 2 explore and discuss the complexities of the global climate emergency and test out possible strategies to mitigate it.Over 4 rounds, groups of children invest in actions that impact global temperatures. They recognise that their choices, and the choices of other players, affect the rise of the global temperature and the regularity of extreme weather events. The game supports children to understand the importance of collective action and acting now for limiting global temperature rise.Climate Change: It’s In Our Hands makes the complex topic of climate change accessible, engaging and enjoyable; while,empowering children to see climate change not as an important yet distant concept, but one where they can make a difference.The game is quick and easy to play. The accompanying resources ensure that classroom teachers can easily support the gameplay and discussions around climate change whilst the children have the autonomy to make their own decisions and put them into place in the game.The game and supporting materials are freely available to download here and the game is designed to be printed on a normal school/home printer.This game has been produced jointly by environmental scientists and outreach practitioners at Northumbria University, graphic designers at Roots and Wings, and primary school children and their teachers. A special thanks to the children and teachers at New York Primary School, North Shields, for their enthusiasm and enormous help in co-designing the game. The project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.
Origin of Stripe and Quasi-Stripe CDW Structures in Monolayer MX$ _2$ compounds: Multivalley Free Energy Landscape
Creators: name: Nakatsugawa, Keiji
name: Tanda, Satoshi
name: Ikeda, Tatsuhiko N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultrathin sheets of transition metal dichalcogenides (MX$ _2$) with charge density waves (CDWs) is increasingly gaining interest as a promising candidate for graphene-like devices. Although experimental data including stripe/quasi-stripe structure and hidden states have been reported, the ground state of ultrathin MX$ _2$ compounds and, in particular, the origin of anisotropic (stripe and quasi-stripe) CDW phases is a long-standing problem. Anisotropic CDW phases have been explained by Coulomb interaction between domain walls and inter-layer interaction. However, these models assume that anisotropic domain walls can exist in the first place. Here, we report that anisotropic CDW domain walls can appear naturally without assuming anisotropic interactions: We explain the origin of these phases by topological defect theory (line defects in a two-dimensional plane) and interference between harmonics of macroscopic CDW wave functions. We revisit the McMillan-Nakanishi-Shiba model for monolayer 1$T$-TaS$ _2$ and 2$H$-TaSe$ _2$ and show that CDWs with wave vectors that are separated by $120^\circ$ (i.e. the three-fold rotation symmetry of the underlying lattice) contain a free-energy landscape with many local minima. Then, we remove this $120^\circ$ constraint and show that free energy local minima corresponding to the stripe and quasi-stripe phase appear. Our results imply that Coulomb interaction between domain walls and inter-layer interaction may be secondary factors for the appearance of these phases. Furthermore, this model can predict new CDW phases, hence it may become the basis to study CDW further. We anticipate our results to be a starting point for further study in two-dimensional physics, such as explanation of "Hidden CDW states", study the interplay between supersolid symmetry and lattice symmetry, and application to other van der Waals structures.
Perturbation theory vs. simulation for tadpole improvement factors in pure gauge theories
Creators: name: Hart, A.
name: Horgan, R. R.
name: Storoni, L. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the mean link in Landau gauge for Wilson and improved SU(3) anisotropic gauge actions, using two loop perturbation theory and Monte Carlo simulation employing an accelerated Langevin algorithm. Twisted boundary conditions are employed, with a twist in all four lattice directions considerably improving the (Fourier accelerated) convergence to an improved lattice Landau gauge. Two loop perturbation theory is seen to predict the mean link extremely well even into the region of commonly simulated gauge couplings and so can be used remove the need for numerical tuning of self-consistent tadpole improvement factors. A three loop perturbative coefficient is inferred from the simulations and is found to be small. We show that finite size effects are small and argue likewise for (lattice) Gribov copies and double Dirac sheets.
description: 13 pages of revtex4
Changing look: from Compton-thick to Compton-thin, or the re-birth of fossil AGN
Creators: name: Matt, G.
name: Guainazzi, M.
name: Maiolino, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the properties of a small sample of Seyfert 2 galaxies whose X-ray spectrum changed appearance on time scales of years, becoming reflection-dominated from Compton-thin, or viceversa. A reflection--dominated spectrum is usually taken as evidence of Compton-thick absorption, but we instead argue that such a spectrum is due to a temporary switching--off of the nuclear radiation. The observations discussed here may help explaining mismatches between optical and X-ray classifications, and provide new strong and direct evidence of the presence of more than one cold circumnuclear region in Seyfert 2 galaxies.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
DISPOSIÇÃO DE PAGAR POR ALIMENTOS SEGUROS: O CASO DOS HORTIFRUTÍCOLAS SEM RESÍDUOS DE AGROTÓXICOS
Creators: name: Carlos, Carlos Magno Mendes Magno
name: Carlos, Carlos Magno Mendes Magno
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: comportamento do consumidor
subject: disposição de pagar
subject: segurança do alimento
subject: agrotóxicos
subject: hortifrutícolas

description: O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os possíveis determinantes da disposição de pagar (DDP) mais por produtos hortifrutícolas in natura sem agrotóxicos (HSA) de uma amostra aleatória de 314 consumidores no município de Piracicaba, no Estado de São Paulo. As entrevistas foram realizadas nos locais de compra de hortifrutícolas distribuídos pela cidade, durante os meses de abril e maio de 2002. Os entrevistados apresentaram alto grau de escolaridade e alto nível de renda familiar per capita comparativamente ao Censo, o que era esperado dada a localização da área de estudo. O modelo lógite estimado mostrou que os coeficientes das variáveis ‘preço dos hortifrutícolas’ e ‘governo como certificador dos HSA’ diminuem enquanto a atitude e a existência ‘grupos de risco’ na família aumentam a DDP dos consumidores por HSA. A renda familiar per capita, a idade, a escolaridade e a percepção dos entrevistados não foram estatisticamente significativas.
Extending Dublin Core Metadata to Support the Description and Discovery of Language Resources
Creators: name: Bird, Steven
name: Simons, Gary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.2.7; H.3.3; H.3.7; I.2.7; I.7.2; J.5

description: As language data and associated technologies proliferate and as the language resources community expands, it is becoming increasingly difficult to locate and reuse existing resources. Are there any lexical resources for such-and-such a language? What tool works with transcripts in this particular format? What is a good format to use for linguistic data of this type? Questions like these dominate many mailing lists, since web search engines are an unreliable way to find language resources. This paper reports on a new digital infrastructure for discovering language resources being developed by the Open Language Archives Community (OLAC). At the core of OLAC is its metadata format, which is designed to facilitate description and discovery of all kinds of language resources, including data, tools, or advice. The paper describes OLAC metadata, its relationship to Dublin Core metadata, and its dissemination using the metadata harvesting protocol of the Open Archives Initiative.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Numerical experiments for one dimensional reproduction problems and non-zero initial conditions from Active thermal cloaking and mimicking
Creators: name: Cassier, Maxence
name: DeGiovanni, Trent
name: Guenneau, Sébastien
name: Vasquez, Fernando Guevara
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Thermodynamics
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional Numerical Experiments
Risk perceptions and management strategies by smallholder farmers in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa
Creators: name: Kisaka-Lwayo, Maggie
name: Obi, Ajuruchukwu
name: Kisaka-Lwayo, Maggie
name: Obi, Ajuruchukwu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risk
subject: Risk management
subject: principal components analysis
subject: smallholder farmers
subject: social networks.

description: Risk is a central issue in rural areas that affects many different aspects of people’s livelihoods in the developing world. Unless well managed, risks in agriculture can slow development and hinder poverty reduction. Farmers’ perceptions of and responses to risk are therefore important in understanding their risk behaviour. This paper examines risk perceptions and management strategies using field data collected from 200 smallholder rural farmers. The relationships between various socioeconomic characteristics and perceived sources of risk were also examined. In general, price, production and financial risks were perceived as the most important sources of risk. Using Principal Components Analysis, seven principal components (PCs) that explained 66.13% of the variation were extracted. Socio economic factors identified to have a significant relationship with the various sources of risk are age, gender, education, location, information access and risk-taking ability. The most important traditional risk management strategies used by the surveyed farmers were identified as crop diversification, precautionary savings and participating in social networks. The result of this study provides useful insights for policy makers, advisers, developers and sellers of risk management instruments.
Workload in Universities
Creators: name: Muramalla, Venkata Sai Srinivasa Rao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150305 Human Resources Management
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150310 Organisation and Management Theory
subject: 150311 Organisational Behaviour
subject: 150312 Organisational Planning and Management
subject: 150313 Quality Management

description: This article is about the perceptions of academic staff on academic workload in universities.
Climate Change: It's In Our Hands
Creators: name: Hocking, Emma
name: Shimwell, Joe
name: Padwick, Annie
name: Davenport, Carol
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 410103
subject: Human impacts of climate change and human adaptation
classificationCode: 410199
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410403
subject: Environmental education and extension
classificationCode: 390105
subject: Environmental education curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 370201
subject: Climate change processes
classificationCode: 370299
subject: Climate change science not elsewhere classified

description: Climate Change: It’s In Our Hands is a classroom-based board game which helps children in upper Key Stage 2 explore and discuss the complexities of the global climate emergency and test out possible strategies to mitigate it.Over 4 rounds, groups of children invest in actions that impact global temperatures. They recognise that their choices, and the choices of other players, affect the rise of the global temperature and the regularity of extreme weather events. The game supports children to understand the importance of collective action and acting now for limiting global temperature rise.Climate Change: It’s In Our Hands makes the complex topic of climate change accessible, engaging and enjoyable; while,empowering children to see climate change not as an important yet distant concept, but one where they can make a difference.The game is quick and easy to play. The accompanying resources ensure that classroom teachers can easily support the gameplay and discussions around climate change whilst the children have the autonomy to make their own decisions and put them into place in the game.The game and supporting materials are freely available to download here and the game is designed to be printed on a normal school/home printer.This game has been produced jointly by environmental scientists and outreach practitioners at Northumbria University, graphic designers at Roots and Wings, and primary school children and their teachers. A special thanks to the children and teachers at New York Primary School, North Shields, for their enthusiasm and enormous help in co-designing the game. The project was funded by the Natural Environment Research Council.
MOESM1 of Comparative transcriptome analyses of oleaginous Botryococcus braunii race A reveal significant differences in gene expression upon cobalt enrichment
Creators: name: Cheng, Pengfei
name: Zhou, Chengxu
name: Wang, Yan
name: Xu, Zhihui
name: Xu, Jilin
name: Zhou, Dongqing
name: Zhang, Yinghui
name: Wu, Haizhen
name: Zhang, Xuezhi
name: Liu, Tianzhong
name: Tang, Ming
name: Yang, Qiyong
name: Yan, Xiaojun
name: Fan, Jianhua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional Tables S1â S4 and Figures S1â S12.
Study of the properties and spectral energy distributions of the Herbig AeBe stars HD 34282 and HD 141569
Creators: name: Merín, B.
name: Montesinos, B.
name: Eiroa, C.
name: Solano, E.
name: Mora, A.
name: D'Alessio, P.
name: Calvet, N.
name: Collaboration, EXPORT
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the stellar parameters, distances and spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of HD 34282 and HD 141569, two pre-main sequence Herbig AeBe stars. Both objects have been reported to show `anomalous positions' in the HR diagram in the sense that they appear below the main sequence. A significant result of this work is that both stars are metal-deficient. The {\it Hipparcos} distance of HD 34282 is very uncertain and the current study places the star at the expected evolutionary position in the HR diagram, i.e. as a PMS star. The distance for HD 141569 found in this work matches the {\it Hipparcos} distance, and the problem of its anomalous position is solved as a result of the low metallicity of the object: using the right metallicity tracks, the star is in the PMS region. The SEDs are constructed using data covering ultraviolet to millimetre wavelengths. Physical, non-parametric models, have been applied in order to extract some properties of the disks surrounding the stars. The disk around HD 34282 is accreting actively, it is massive and presents large grains in the mid-plane and small grains in the surface. HD 141569 has a very low mass disk, which is in an intermediate stage towards a debris-type disk.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures. Accepted by A&A
An economic analysis of the Irish milk quota exchange scheme
Creators: name: Hennessy, Thia
name: Lapple, Doris
name: Shalloo, Laurence
name: Wallace, Michael
name: Hennessy, Thia
name: Lapple, Doris
name: Shalloo, Laurence
name: Wallace, Michael
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Political Economy
subject: Milk quota trade
subject: optimisation modelling
subject: dairy production.

description: In Ireland, the trade of milk quota is subject to regional restrictions and a large variation in quota prices between regions has caused some controversy. This article investigates this issue by analysing the functioning of the Irish milk quota exchange market. For this purpose, the economic value of milk quota is estimated using an optimisation framework. The estimated values are then compared to milk quota prices paid at the exchange market. The analysis reveals that quota is undervalued in the border, midlands and west and south-west regions, while milk quota is overvalued in the east and south regions. This implies that farmers in certain regions overpay for additional quota, while other farmers secure good value for their quota investments. The paper concludes by discussing that the identified regional differences are only partly explained by economic and production factors.
Supernova Shocks in Molecular Clouds: Velocity Distribution of Molecular Hydrogen
Creators: name: Reach, William T.
name: Tram, Le Ngoc
name: Richter, Matthew
name: Gusdorf, Antoine
name: DeWitt, Curtis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernovae from core-collapse of massive stars drive shocks into the molecular clouds from which the stars formed. Such shocks affect future star formation from the molecular clouds, and the fast-moving, dense gas with compressed magnetic fields is associated with enhanced cosmic rays. This paper presents new theoretical modeling, using the Paris-Durham shock model, and new observations, using the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA), of the H$_2$ S(5) pure rotational line from molecular shocks in the supernova remnant IC443. We generate MHD models for non-steady-state shocks driven by the pressure of the IC443 blast wave into gas of densities $10^3$ to $10^5$ cm$^{-3}$. We present the first detailed derivation of the shape of the velocity profile for emission from H$_2$ lines behind such shocks, taking into account the shock age, preshock density, and magnetic field. For preshock densities $10^3$-$10^5$ cm$^{-3}$, the the predicted shifts of line centers, and the line widths, of the H$_2$ lines range from 20-2, and 30-4 km/s, respectively. The a priori models are compared to the observed line profiles, showing that clumps C and G can be explained by shocks into gas with density 10$^3$ to $2\times 10^4$ cm$^{-3}$ and strong magnetic fields. For clump B2 (a fainter region near clump B), the H$_2$ spectrum requires a J-type shock into moderate density (~100 cm$^{-3}$) with the gas accelerated to 100 km/s from its pre-shock location. Clump B1 requires both a magnetic-dominated C-type shock (like for clumps C and G) and a J-type shock (like for clump B1) to explain the highest observed velocities. The J-type shocks that produce high-velocity molecules may be locations where the magnetic field is nearly parallel to the shock velocity, which makes it impossible for a C-type shock (with ions and neutrals separated) to form.
description: accepted by ApJ (9/4/2019)