cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the formation and line properties of MgH in 3D hydrodynamical model stellar atmospheres
Creators: name: Thygesen, Anders O.
name: Kirby, Evan N.
name: Gallagher, Andrew J.
name: Ludwig, Hans-G.
name: Caffau, Elisabetta
name: Bonifacio, Piercarlo
name: Sbordone, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of the isotopic composition of magnesium in cool stars have so far relied upon the use of one-dimensional (1D) model atmospheres. Since the isotopic ratios derived are based on asymmetries of optical MgH lines, it is important to test the impact from other effects affecting line asymmetries, like stellar convection. Here, we present a theoretical investigation of the effects of including self-consistent modeling of convection. Using spectral syntheses based on 3D hydrodynamical CO$^5$BOLD models of dwarfs (4000K$\lesssim T_\mathrm{eff}\lesssim5160K$, $4.0\leq$log(g)$\leq4.5$, $-3.0\leq[\mathrm{Fe/H}]\leq-1.0$) and giants ($T_\mathrm{eff}\sim4000$K, log(g)$=1.5$, $-3.0\leq[\mathrm{Fe/H}]\leq-1.0$), we perform a detailed analysis comparing 3D and 1D syntheses. We describe the impact on the formation and behavior of MgH lines from using 3D models, and perform a qualitative assessment of the systematics introduced by the use of 1D syntheses. Using 3D model atmospheres significantly affect the strength of the MgH lines, especially in dwarfs, with 1D syntheses requiring an abundance correction of up to +0.69 dex largest for our 5000K models. The corrections are correlated with $T_\mathrm{eff}$ and are also affected by the metallicity. The shape of the strong $^{24}$MgH component in the 3D syntheses is poorly reproduced in 1D. This results in 1D syntheses underestimating $^{25}$MgH by up to $\sim5$ percentage points and overestimating $^{24}$MgH by a similar amount for dwarfs. This discrepancy increases with decreasing metallicity. $^{26}$MgH is recovered relatively well, with the largest difference being $\sim2$ percentage points. The use of 3D for giants has less impact, due to smaller differences in the atmospheric structure and a better reproduction of the line shape in 1D.
description: 20 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Ювілейні святкування 140-річчя Наукового товариства ім. Шевченка в Україні
Creators: name: Shevchenko Scientific Society (НТШ)
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: History

description: Ювілейні святкування 140-річчя Наукового товариства ім. Шевченка в Україні // Вісник НТШ. – 2013. – № 50. – С. 3–9.
Excited states by analytic continuation of TBA equations
Creators: name: Dorey, Patrick
name: Tateo, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest an approach to the problem of finding integral equations for the excited states of an integrable model, starting from the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz equations for its ground state. The idea relies on analytic continuation through complex values of the coupling constant, and an analysis of the monodromies that the equations and their solutions undergo. For the scaling Lee-Yang model, we find equations in this way for the one- and two- particle states in the spin-zero sector, and suggest various generalisations. Numerical results show excellent agreement with the truncated conformal space approach, and we also treat some of the ultraviolet and infrared asymptotics analytically.
description: 25 pages, latex, 6 ps files, uses epsf.tex. Typos corrected
FRB event rate counts I --- Interpreting the Observations
Creators: name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
name: Ekers, Ron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluence distribution of the Fast Radio Burst (FRB) population (the "source counts" distribution, $N(>F) \propto F^α$), is a crucial diagnostic of its distance distribution, and hence the progenitor evolutionary history. We critically reanalyse current estimates of the FRB source counts distribution. We demonstrate that the Lorimer burst (FRB 010724) is subject to discovery bias, and should be excluded from all statistical studies of the population. We re-examine the evidence for flat, $α>-1$, source counts estimates based on the ratio of single-beam to multiple-beam detections with the Parkes multi-beam receiver, and show that current data implies only a very weak constraint of $α\lesssim -1.3$. A maximum likelihood analysis applied to the portion of the Parkes FRB population detected above the observational completeness fluence of 2 Jy ms yields $α= -2.6_{-1.3}^{+0.7}$. Uncertainties in the location of each FRB within the Parkes beam render estimates of the Parkes event rate uncertain in both normalising survey area and the estimated post-beam-corrected completeness fluence; this uncertainty needs to be accounted for when comparing the event rate against event rates measured at other telescopes.
description: accepted MNRAS, v2 corrects minor typographical errors
The dwarf galaxy DDO 47 as a dark matter laboratory: testing cusps hiding in triaxial halos
Creators: name: Gentile, G.
name: Burkert, A.
name: Salucci, P.
name: Klein, U.
name: Walter, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of high resolution HI data of the dwarf galaxy DDO 47, aimed at testing the hypothesis that dark halo triaxiality might induce non-circular motions resulting in rotation curves best fitted by cored halos, even if the dark matter halo is intrinsically cuspy. This hypothesis could be invoked in order to reconcile the predictions of the standard LambdaCDM theory with the rotation curves of disk galaxies. DDO 47 is an ideal case to test this hypothesis because it has a very regular velocity field, its rotation curve is best fitted by a cored halo and a NFW halo is inconsistent with the data. We analysed the velocity field through the higher-order harmonic terms in order to search for kinematical signatures of alleged non-circular motions needed to "hide" a cusp: the result is that globally non-circular motions are at a level of 2-3 km/s, and they are more likely to be associated to the presence of some spiral structure than to a global elongated potential (e.g. a triaxial halo). These non-circular motions are far from being sufficient to account for the discrepancy with the LambdaCDM predictions. We therefore conclude that the dark matter halo around the dwarf galaxy DDO 47 is truly cored and that a cusp cannot be hidden by non-circular motions.
description: 4 pages, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters, substantial changes from original version
Central Charge and the Andrews-Bailey Construction
Creators: name: Chim, Leung
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the equivalence of the bosonic and fermionic representations of finitized characters in conformal field theory, one can extract mathematical objects known as Bailey pairs. Recently Berkovich, McCoy and Schilling have constructed a `generalized' character formula depending on two parameters $\ra$ and $\r2$, using the Bailey pairs of the unitary model $M(p-1,p)$. By taking appropriate limits of these parameters, they were able to obtain the characters of model $M(p,p+1)$, $N=1$ model $SM(p,p+2)$, and the unitary $N=2$ model with central charge $c=3(1-{\frac{2}{p}})$. In this letter we computed the effective central charge associated with this `generalized' character formula using a saddle point method. The result is a simple expression in dilogarithms which interpolates between the central charges of these unitary models.
description: Latex2e, requires cite.sty package, 13 pages. Additional footnote, citation and references
Anomalous diffusion analysis of the lifting events in the event-chain Monte Carlo for the classical XY models
Creators: name: Kimura, Kenji
name: Higuchi, Saburo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel random walk model that emerges in the event-chain Monte Carlo (ECMC) of spin systems. In the ECMC, the lifting variable specifying the spin to be updated changes its value to one of its interacting neighbor spins. This movement can be regarded as a random walk in a random environment with a feedback. We investigate this random walk numerically in the case of the classical XY model in 1,2, and 3 dimensions to find that it is superdiffusive near the critical point of the underlying spin system. It is suggested that the performance improvement of the ECMC is related to this anomalous behavior.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures. (v2) Presentation including plots reorganized. Discussion of exponents in the infinite system size limit added
Understanding the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Infant Development - The Preterm Problem
Creators: name: Wood, M.E
name: Delgado, M
name: Jonsson Funk, M
Publisher: name: American Medical Association
Year: 2022

description: As the COVID-19 pandemic nears the end of another year, it makes sense to wonder about the effect on children conceived and born in its shadow. Some of the consequences can be seen in the increasing rates of COVID-19 among infants and young children, particularly among those with comorbid medical conditions. But less obvious sequelae also should be considered: are infants born during the pandemic at greater risk for behavioral or neurodevelopmental problems, either due to exposure to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection or to the more global effects of trauma and stress? Pregnant women and their infants are vulnerable to the effects of disasters, and evidence suggests that disasters affect maternal mental health and some perinatal health outcomes, particularly among highly exposed women. Prenatal exposure to some viral infections, such as rubella and HIV, increases the risk of neurobehavioral problems in children, and some have hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection could have a similar outcome via in utero exposure to maternal fever, hypoxia, or inflammation.
On the charge and magnetic ordering in monolayer NbSe$_2$: a first principles study
Creators: name: Zheng, Feipeng
name: Zhou, Zhimou
name: Liu, Xiaoqiang
name: Feng, Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monolayer NbSe$_2$ has recently been shown to be a 2-dimensional superconductor, with a competing charge-density wave (CDW) order. This work investigates the electronic structure of monolayer NbSe$_2$ based on first principles calculations, focusing on charge and magnetic orders in connection to the superconductivity. It is found that decreased screening in the monolayer NbSe$_2$ with a perfect lattice exhibits magnetic instability, which is removed by the formation of CDW. Two energetically competitive but distinct $3\times3$ CDW structures are revealed computationally, which have a significant impact on the Fermi surface. The relations of the potential CDW phases with experimental structure and the coexisting superconductivity are discussed.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables including supplemental materials
Universal optical amplification without nonlinearity
Creators: name: Josse, V.
name: Sabuncu, M.
name: Cerf, N. J.
name: Leuchs, G.
name: Andersen, U. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and experimentally realize a new scheme for universal phase-insensitive optical amplification. The presented scheme relies only on linear optics and homodyne detection, thus circumventing the need for nonlinear interaction between a pump field and the signal field. The amplifier demonstrates near optimal quantum noise limited performance for a wide range of amplification factors.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Excitation of flare-induced waves in coronal loops and the effects of radiative cooling
Creators: name: Provornikova, Elena
name: Ofman, Leon
name: Wang, Tongjiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: EUV imaging observations from several space missions (SOHO/EIT, TRACE, and SDO/AIA) have revealed a presence of propagating intensity disturbances in solar coronal loops. These disturbances are typically interpreted as slow magnetoacoustic waves. Recent spectroscopic observations with Hinode/EIS of active region loops, however, revealed that the propagating intensity disturbances are associated with intermittent plasma upflows (or jets) at the footpoints which are presumably generated by magnetic reconnection. For this reason, whether these disturbances are waves or periodic flows is still being studied. This study is aimed at understanding the physical properties of observed disturbances by investigating the excitation of waves by hot plasma injections from below and the evolution of flows and wave propagation along the loop. We expand our previous studies based on isothermal 3D MHD models of active region to a more realistic model that includes full energy equation accounting for effects of radiative losses. Computations are initialized with an equilibrium state of a model active region using potential (dipole) magnetic field, gravitationally stratified density and temperature obtained from polytropic equation of state. We model an impulsive injection of hot plasma into the steady plasma outflow along the loops of different temperature, warm ($\sim$1 MK) and hot ($\sim$6 MK). The simulations show that hot jets launched at the coronal base excite slow magnetoacoustic waves that propagate along the loops to the high corona, while the injected hot flows decelerates rapidly with heights. The simulated results support that the observed coronal disturbances are mainly the wave features. We also find that the effect of radiative cooling on the damping of slow-mode waves in 1-6 MK coronal loops is small, in agreement with the previous conclusion based on 1D MHD models.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to the Special Issue "Waves in the Solar Atmosphere" of Advances in Space Research
The induction of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in immune organs of developing chicks by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Creators: name: A. R. Nisha
name: H. Hazilawati
name: M. L. Mohd Azmi
name: M. M. Noordin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are pollutants which are persistent in nature. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a ligand-activated cytosolic transcription factor activated by xenobiotics. The objective was to isolate and identify AHR mRNA transcript in immune organs of developing chicks and to interpret the correlation between AHR induction and dose of PAHs. Specific pathogen free embryonated eggs on day nine were inoculated with solutions of pyrene, phenanthrene, and fluoranthene dissolved in tricaprylin (vehicle) through the allantoic route at three dose levels: 0.2 mg/kg, 2 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg. A 650 base pair product was observed by RNA extraction and reverse transcription PCR from thymus, bursa of Fabricius and spleen on 21st day. When AHR concentration was analyzed by ELISA in these organs, pyrene showed maximum potency in inducing AHR in thymus. Fluoranthene made highest concentration of AHR in bursa of Fabricius. None of these chemicals caused an increase in AHR concentration in spleen.
Measuring the aspect ratio renormalization of anisotropic-lattice gluons
Creators: name: Alford, M.
name: Drummond, I. T.
name: Horgan, R. R.
name: Peardon, M.
name: Shanahan, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using tadpole inproved actions we investigate the consistency between different methods of measuring the aspect ratio renormalization of anisotropic-lattice gluons for bare aspect ratios χ_0=4,6,10 and inverse lattice spacing in the range a_s^{-1}=660-840 MeV. The tadpole corrections to the action, which are established self-consistently, are defined for two cases, mean link tadpoles in Landau gauge and gauge invariant mean plaquette tadpoles. Parameters in the latter case exhibited no dependence on the spatial lattice size, L, while in the former, parameters showed only a weak dependence on L easily extrapolated to L=\infty. The renormalized anisotropy χ_R was measured using both the torelon dispersion relation and the sideways potential method. We found good agreement between these different approaches. Any discrepancy was at worst 3-4% which is consistent with the effect of lattice artifacts that for the torelon we estimate as O(\a_Sa_s^2/R^2) where R is the flux-tube radius. We also present some new data that suggests that rotational invariance is established more accurately for the mean-link action than the plaquette action.
description: LaTeX 18 pages including 7 figures
From Type-II Triply Degenerate Nodal Points and Three-Band Nodal Rings to Type-II Dirac Points in Centrosymmetric Zirconium Oxide
Creators: name: Zhang, Ting-Ting
name: Yu, Zhi-Ming
name: Guo, Wei
name: Shi, Dongxia
name: Zhang, Guangyu
name: Yao, Yugui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using first-principles calculations, we report that ZrO is a topological material with the coexistence of three pairs of type-II triply degenerate nodal points (TNPs) and three nodal rings (NRs), when spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is ignored. Noticeably, the TNPs reside around Fermi energy with large linear energy range along tilt direction (> 1 eV) and the NRs are formed by three strongly entangled bands. Under symmetry-preserving strain, each NR would evolve into four droplet-shaped NRs before fading away, producing distinct evolution compared with that in usual two-band NR. When SOC is included, TNPs would transform into type-II Dirac points while all the NRs have gaped. Remarkably, the type-II Dirac points inherit the advantages of TNPs: residing around Fermi energy and exhibiting large linear energy range. Both features facilitate the observation of interesting phenomena induced by type-II dispersion. The symmetry protections and low-energy Hamiltonian for the nontrivial band crossings are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 2017
Perinatal morbidity and health utilization among mothers of medically fragile infants
Creators: name: Verbiest, S
name: Pate, V
name: Stuebe, A.M
name: Tucker, C
name: Bryant, K
name: Ferrari, R.M
name: Jonsson-Funk, M
name: Charles, N
name: McClain, E
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2022

description: Objective: To determine the burden of perinatal morbidity among mothers of medically fragile infants. Study design: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 6849 mothers who delivered liveborn infants at a quaternary care hospital during a two-year period. We compared mothers of well babies with mothers of infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and we used logistic regression to model predictors of postpartum acute care utilization among NICU mothers. Results: Rates of obstetric morbidity were highest for mothers of infants staying ≥72 h in the NICU; 54.2% underwent cesarean birth, 7.5% experienced severe maternal morbidity, and 6.6% required a blood transfusion. Factors independently associated with postpartum acute care use included gestational age <28 weeks, ever smoking, non-Hispanic Black race, temperature >38 °C and receiving psychiatric medication during the birth hospitalization. Conclusion: Focused support for mothers of NICU infants has the potential to reduce maternal morbidity and improve health.
Metallic characteristics of PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 for clustered Aeolian Dust Episodes occurred in an extensive fluvial basin during rainy season
Creators: name: Yuan, Chung-Shin
name: Chun-Chung Lu
name: Hua-Zhen Shen
name: Tsung-Chang Li
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Aeolian dust episodes (ADEs) have been an emergency disaster in the Kaoping River Valley during the rainy season (May-September), which can severely deteriorate ambient particulate air quality in the region surrounding the Kaoping River. Thus, this study aims to characterize the metallic fingerprint of Aeolian dust (AD) and investigate the effects of ADEs on ambient particulate air quality along the Kaoping River Valley. Four manual sampling sites adjacent to the riverside were selected to collect fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM2.5–10) aerosol samples during and after the ADEs in the periods of six events. A total of 13 metallic elements were analyzed using an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. With metallic elements analysis and nonparametric statistical methods of Wilcoxon rank-sum test and Kruskal-Wallis test, this study successfully derived the metallic indicators of ADEs. The mass ratios of crustal elements (Fe, Ca, or Al) to reference element (Cd) obtained during the ADEs were much higher than those obtained after the ADEs. High mass ratios of Fe/Cd, Ca/Cd, and Al/Cd in PM2.5-10 were observed on the influenced areas of ADEs. Among them, (Fe/Cd)2.5-10 was proven as the best indicator which can be applied to effectively validate the existence of ADEs and evaluate their influences on ambient air quality. Moreover, PM2.5 concentrations during the ADEs were 3-3.6 fold higher than those after the ADEs. PM2.5 should be a contributor to AD, even though the mass ratios of PM2.5/PM10 ranged from 0.05 to 0.20 during the ADEs. Our findings provide valuable information regarding the characteristics of the AD during the ADEs in the Kaoping River. Implications: Indicators of (Fe/Cd)2.5-10 are approximately applied to observe the effects of ADEs. Local governments could realize the mechanisms of S- and NW-type aeolian dust episodes (ADEs). They can cause deterioration in different ways for the regional air quality surrounding Kaoping River Valley. Residents who have been living in the influenced areas can take precautions to prevent damage from aeolian dust. Strategies for curbing ADEs must reduce the area of bare lands by artificial measures in the long period of the sunny days during the rainy season. Future research should examine physical conditions of topsoils and other chemical composition in aeolian dust.
The ages and metallicities of galaxies in the local universe
Creators: name: Gallazzi, Anna
name: Charlot, Stephane
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: White, Simon D. M.
name: Tremonti, Christy A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive stellar metallicities, light-weighted ages and stellar masses for a magnitude-limited sample of 175,128 galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release Two (SDSS DR2). We compute median-likelihood estimates of these parameters using a large library of model spectra at medium-high resolution, covering a comprehensive range of star formation histories. The constraints we derive are set by the simultaneous fit of five spectral absorption features, which are well reproduced by our population synthesis models. By design, these constraints depend only weakly on the alpha/Fe element abundance ratio. Our sample includes galaxies of all types spanning the full range in star formation activity, from dormant early-type to actively star-forming galaxies. We show that, in the mean, galaxies follow a sequence of increasing stellar metallicity, age and stellar mass at increasing 4000AA-break strength (D4000). For galaxies of intermediate mass, stronger Balmer absorption at fixed D4000 is associated with higher metallicity and younger age. We investigate how stellar metallicity and age depend on total galaxy stellar mass. Low-mass galaxies are typically young and metal-poor, massive galaxies old and metal-rich, with a rapid transition between these regimes over the stellar mass range 3x10^9
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication on MNRAS, data available at http://www.mpa-garching.mpg.de/SDSS/
Characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 in a Global Health Research Network: A cohort study
Creators: name: Bradbury, B.D
name: Xia, Q
name: Devercelli, G
name: Zhang, J
name: Wei, Z
name: Critchlow, C.W
name: Jiang, J
name: Bao, Y
name: Zhou, L
name: Manne, S
name: Cheng, A
name: Zhu, J
name: Gandhi, V
name: Brown, C.A
name: Keenan, H.A
name: Ayodele, O
name: Chen, X
name: Gondek, K
name: Ren, K
name: Suryavanshi, M
name: Jonsson-Funk, M.
name: Yu, P
name: Ma, J
name: Sanders, L
name: Londhe, A.A
name: Brooks, C
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2021

description: Objective To examine age, gender, and temporal differences in baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes of adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19. Design A cohort study using deidentified electronic medical records from a Global Research Network. Setting/Participants 67 456 adult patients hospitalised with COVID-19 from the USA; 7306 from Europe, Latin America and Asia-Pacific between February 2020 and January 2021. Results In the US cohort, compared with patients 18-34 years old, patients ≥65 had a greater risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (adjusted HR (aHR) 1.73, 95% CI 1.58 to 1.90), acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)/respiratory failure (aHR 1.86, 95% CI 1.76 to 1.96), invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV, aHR 1.93, 95% CI, 1.73 to 2.15), and all-cause mortality (aHR 5.6, 95% CI 4.36 to 7.18). Men appeared to be at a greater risk for ICU admission (aHR 1.34, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.39), ARDS/respiratory failure (aHR 1.24, 95% CI1.21 to 1.27), IMV (aHR 1.38, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.45), and all-cause mortality (aHR 1.16, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.24) compared with women. Moreover, we observed a greater risk of adverse outcomes during the early pandemic (ie, February-April 2020) compared with later periods. In the ex-US cohort, the age and gender trends were similar; for the temporal trend, the highest proportion of patients with all-cause mortality were also in February-April 2020; however, the highest percentages of patients with IMV and ARDS/respiratory failure were in August-October 2020 followed by February-April 2020. Conclusions This study provided valuable information on the temporal trends of characteristics and outcomes of hospitalised adult COVID-19 patients in both USA and ex-USA. It also described the population at a potentially greater risk for worse clinical outcomes by identifying the age and gender differences. Together, the information could inform the prevention and treatment strategies of COVID-19. Furthermore, it can be used to raise public awareness of COVID-19's impact on vulnerable populations.
Photons and polaritons in a time-reversal-broken non-planar resonator
Creators: name: Ningyuan, Jia
name: Schine, Nathan
name: Georgakopoulos, Alexandros
name: Ryou, Albert
name: Sommer, Ariel
name: Simon, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From generation of backscatter-free transmission lines, to optical isolators, to chiral Hamiltonian dynamics, breaking time-reversal symmetry is a key tool for development of next-generation photonic devices and materials. Of particular importance is the development of time-reversal-broken devices in the low-loss regime, where they can be harnessed for quantum materials and information processors. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the isolation of a single, time-reversal broken running-wave mode of a moderate-finesse optical resonator. Non-planarity of the optical path produces a round-trip geometrical (Pancharatnam) polarization rotation, breaking the inversion symmetry of the photonic modes. The residual time-reversal symmetry between forward-$σ^+$/ backwards-$σ^-$ modes is broken through an atomic Faraday rotation induced by an optically pumped ensemble of $^{87}$Rb atoms residing in the resonator. We observe a splitting of 6.3 linewidths between time-reversal partners and a corresponding optical isolation of $\sim$ 20.1(4) dB, with 83(1)% relative forward cavity transmission. Finally, we explore the impact of twisted resonators on T-breaking of intra-cavity Rydberg polaritons, a crucial ingredient of photonic materials and specifically topological optical matter. As a highly coherent approach to time-reversal breaking, this work will find immediate application in creation of photonic materials and also in switchable narrow-band optical isolators.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics and tendon injury in adolescents
Creators: name: Funk, M.J
name: Herzog, M.M
name: Kinlaw, A.C
name: Ross, R.K
name: Gerber, J.S
Publisher: name: American Academy of Pediatrics
Year: 2021

description: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the association between fluoroquinolone use and tendon injury in adolescents. METHODS: We conducted an active-comparator, new-user cohort study using population-based claims data from 2000 to 2018. We included adolescents (aged 12-18 years) with an outpatient prescription fill for an oral fluoroquinolone or comparator broad-spectrum antibiotic. The primary outcome was Achilles, quadricep, patellar, or tibial tendon rupture identified by diagnosis and procedure codes. Tendinitis was a secondary outcome. We used weighting to adjust for measured confounding and a negative control outcome to assess residual confounding. RESULTS: The cohort included 4.4 million adolescents with 7.6 million fills for fluoroquinolone (275 767 fills) or comparator (7 365 684) antibiotics. In the 90 days after the index antibiotic prescription, there were 842 tendon ruptures and 16 750 tendinitis diagnoses (crude rates 0.47 and 9.34 per 1000 person-years, respectively). The weighted 90-day tendon rupture risks were 13.6 per 100 000 fluoroquinolone-treated adolescents and 11.6 per 100 000 comparator-treated adolescents (fluoroquinolone-associated excess risk: 1.9 per 100 000 adolescents; 95% confidence interval 22.6 to 6.4); the corresponding number needed to treat to harm was 52 632. For tendinitis, the weighted 90-day risks were 200.8 per 100 000 fluoroquinolone-treated adolescents and 178.1 per 100 000 comparator-treated adolescents (excess risk: 22.7 per 100 000; 95% confidence interval 4.1 to 41.3); the number needed to treat to harm was 4405. CONCLUSIONS: The excess risk of tendon rupture associated with fluoroquinolone treatment was extremely small, and these events were rare. The excess risk of tendinitis associated with fluoroquinolone treatment was also small. Other more common potential adverse drug effects may be more important to consider for treatment decision-making, particularly in adolescents without other risk factors for tendon injury.
Finite temperature pairing re-entrance in drip-line $^{48}$Ni nucleus
Creators: name: Belabbas, M.
name: Li, J. J.
name: Margueron, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite-temperature Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory using Skyrme interactions and Relativistic Hartree-Fock effective Lagrangians, predicts $^{48}$Ni as being a possible candidate for the finite temperature pairing re-entrance phenomenon. For this proton-drip-line nucleus, proton resonant states are expected to contribute substantially to pairing correlations and the two predicted critical temperatures are $T_{c1}\sim 0.08-0.2$~MeV and $T_{c2}\sim 0.7-0.9$~MeV. It is also shown that pairing re-entrance modifies the proton single particle energies around the Fermi level, as well as occupation numbers, and quasi-particle levels. The understanding of pairing re-entrance in $^{48}$Ni presently challenge our understanding of exotic matter under extreme conditions.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Akin $N=2$ SUSY Yang Mills Theories and Instanton Expansion
Creators: name: Gukov, Sergei
name: Polyubin, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low energy effective actions of the $N=2$ SUSY $SU(N_c)$ QCD are considered at the symmetric point on the moduli space. The classes of such theories have similar spectral curves. This fact allows us to show that all these models have the same structure of the coupling matrix and to show that the $N_f=2N_c$ spectral curve can not be presented as a double covering of the sphere. We calculate first instanton contributions to the coupling matrix and get nonperturbative $β$-functions in the $SU(2)$ gauge theory with non-zero bare masses of the matter hypermultiplets.
description: Latex, 10 pages, 1 figure
Lateral Casimir force beyond the Proximity Force Approximation
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Robson B.
name: Neto, Paulo A. Maia
name: Lambrecht, Astrid
name: Reynaud, Serge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the appropriate variable to study a non trivial geometry dependence of the Casimir force is the lateral component of the Casimir force, which we evaluate between two corrugated metallic plates outside the validity of the Proximity Force Approximation (PFA). The metallic plates are described by the plasma model, with arbitrary values for the plasma wavelength, the plate separation and the corrugation period, the corrugation amplitude remaining the smallest length scale. Our analysis shows that in realistic experimental situations the Proximity Force Approximation overestimates the force by up to 30%.
description: 4 pages. Identical to v1, which was accidentally replaced by a different paper (quant-ph/0610026)
Multivariate optimization for removal of some heavy metals using novel inorganic–organic hybrid and calcined materials
Creators: name: Cerrahoğlu, Elif
name: Asgar Kayan
name: Bingöl, Deniz
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Hybrid materials with organic–inorganic character have been receiving attention especially due to their unique properties and offer probability for many new applications in variable fields and industrial applications. One of these applications is heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions because the metal pollution is a matter of concern about environment. In this study, organic–inorganic hybrid materials on the basis of metal alkoxides and their calcined forms were synthesized, characterized, and applied firstly to remove Cu(II), Fe(III), Pb(II), and Zn(II) ions from aqueous solutions by adsorption process. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize metal ions removal.
Low-lying Eigenvalues of the QCD Dirac Operator at Finite Temperature
Creators: name: Damgaard, P. H.
name: Heller, U. M.
name: Niclasen, R.
name: Rummukainen, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the low-lying spectrum of the staggered Dirac operator above and below the finite temperature phase transition in both quenched QCD and in dynamical four flavor QCD. In both cases we find, in the high temperature phase, a density with close to square root behavior, $ρ(λ) \sim (λ-λ_0)^{1/2}$. In the quenched simulations we find, in addition, a volume independent tail of small eigenvalues extending down to zero. In the dynamical simulations we also find a tail, decreasing with decreasing mass, at the small end of the spectrum. However, the tail falls off quite quickly and does not seem to extend to zero at these couplings. We find that the distribution of the smallest Dirac operator eigenvalues provides an efficient observable for an accurate determination of the location of the chiral phase transition, as first suggested by Jackson and Verbaarschot.
description: LaTeX, 20 pages, 13 postscript figures. Reference added. To appear in Nucl. Phys. B
Elliptic Ruijsenaars-Schneider model via the Poisson reduction of the Affine Heisenberg Double
Creators: name: Arutyunov, G. E.
name: Frolov, S. A.
name: Medvedev, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the elliptic Ruijsenaars-Schneider model can be obtained from the affine Heisenberg Double by means of the Poisson reduction procedure. The dynamical $r$-matrix naturally appears in the construction.
description: latex, 15 pages, a new section is added where we show that the problem of solving the equations of motion is equivalent to the factorization problem
MOESM1 of Size-dependent tissue-specific biological effects of core–shell structured Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 nanoparticles
Creators: name: Li, Jinquan
name: Yuan, Zhongxue
name: Liu, Huili
name: Feng, Jianghua
name: Chen, Zhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. TEM image of water-dispersible 10 (a), 20 (b) and 40 (c) nm of Core-shell Structured Fe3O4@SiO2–NH2 nanoparticles. Figure S2. Effect of Fe@Si-NPs administration on tissue/body weight ratio (%). Figure S3. Photomicrographs of representative sections of the lung (A, B, C and D), liver (E, F, G and H), spleen (I, J, K and L) and kidney (M, N, O and P) from control (A, E, I and M), small-size (B, F, J and N), mid-size (C, G, K and O), and large-size (D, H, L and P) Fe@Si-NPs treated rats at 48 h p. d. Figure S4. OPLS-DA scores plots (left panel) and corresponding volcano plots (right panels) derived from the 1H NMR data of kidneys, liver, lung, and spleen obtained from the pairwise groups at 6 h post-administration of small-size Fe@Si-NPs. Figure S5. OPLS-DA scores plots (left panels) and corresponding volcano plots (right panels) derived from the 1H NMR data of kidney, liver, lung, and spleen obtained from the pairwise groups at 6 h post-administration of large-size Fe@Si-NPs. Figure S6. OPLS-DA scores plots (left panels) and corresponding volcano plots (right panels) derived from the 1H NMR data of kidney, liver, lung, and spleen obtained from the pairwise groups at 48 h post-administration of small-size Fe@Si-NPs. Figure S7. OPLS-DA scores plots (left panels) derived from the 1H NMR data of kidney, liver, lung, and spleen and corresponding volcano plots (right panels) obtained from the pairwise groups at 48 h post-administration of large-size Fe@Si-NPs. Table S1. The metabolites identified from the NMR spectra of tissue samples. Table S2. Summary of metabolic variations in kidney extracts induced by Fe@Si-NPs between different pairwise groups. Table S3. Summary of metabolic variations in liver extracts induced by Fe@Si-NPs between different pairwise groups. Table S4. Summary of metabolic variations in lung extracts induced by Fe@Si-NPs between different pairwise groups. Table S5. Summary of metabolic variations in spleen extracts induced by Fe@Si-NPs between different pairwise groups.
Modeling Dust Polarization Observations of Molecular Clouds through MHD Simulations
Creators: name: King, Patrick K.
name: Fissel, Laura M.
name: Chen, Che-Yu
name: Li, Zhi-Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BLASTPol observations of Vela C have provided the most detailed characterization of the polarization fraction $p$ and dispersion in polarization angles $S$ for a molecular cloud. We compare the observed distributions of $p$ and $S$ with those obtained in synthetic observations of simulations of molecular clouds, assuming homogeneous grain alignment. We find that the orientation of the mean magnetic field relative to the observer has a significant effect on the $p$ and $S$ distributions. These distributions for Vela C are most consistent with synthetic observations where the mean magnetic field is close to the line-of-sight. Our results point to apparent magnetic disorder in the Vela C molecular cloud, although it can be due to either an inclination effect (i.e., observing close to the mean field direction) or significant field tangling from strong turbulence/low magnetization. The joint correlations of $p$ with column density and of $S$ with column density for the synthetic observations generally agree poorly with the Vela C joint correlations, suggesting that understanding these correlations require a more sophisticated treatment of grain alignment physics.
description: 24 pages, 10 figures, slightly-revised version accepted by MNRAS
Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for inpatients with COVID-19 in the US from September 2020 to February 2021
Creators: name: Zhu, J
name: Bao, Y
name: Signorovitch, J
name: Ayodele, O
name: Keenan, H
name: Funk, M.J
name: Zhao, J
name: Gondek, K
name: Ren, K
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2021

description: The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to describe pre-treatment characteristics, treatment patterns, health resource use, and clinical outcomes among adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in the United States (US) who initiated common treatments for COVID-19. The Optum® COVID-19 electronic health records database was used to identify patients >18 years, diagnosed with COVID-19, who were admitted to an inpatient setting and received treatments of interest for COVID-19 between September 2020 and January 2021. Patients were stratified into cohorts based on index treatment use. Patient demographics, medical history, care setting, medical procedures, subsequent treatment use, patient disposition, clinical improvement, and outcomes were summarized descriptively. Among a total of 26,192 patients identified, the most prevalent treatments initiated were dexamethasone (35.4%) and dexamethasone + remdesivir (14.9%), and dexamethasone was the most common subsequent treatment. At day 14 post-index, <10% of patients received any treatments of interest. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) patient age was 65.6 (15.6) years, and the most prevalent comorbidities included hypertension (44.8%), obesity (35.4%), and diabetes (25.7%). At the end of follow-up, patients had a mean (SD) 8.1 (6.6) inpatient days and 1.4 (4.1) days with ICU care. Oxygen supplementation, non-invasive, or invasive ventilation was required by 4.5%, 3.0%, and 3.1% of patients, respectively. At the end of follow-up, 84.2% of patients had evidence of clinical improvement, 3.1% remained hospitalized, 83.8% were discharged, 4% died in hospital, and 9.1% died after discharge. Although the majority of patients were discharged alive, no treatments appeared to alleviate the inpatient morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. This highlights an unmet need for effective treatment options for patients hospitalized with COVID-19.
Effects and biotransformation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in growing pigs fed naturally contaminated grain pelleted with and without the addition of Coriobacteriaceum DSM 11798
Creators: name: Sayyari, Amin
name: Fæste, Christiane Kruse
name: Hansen, Ulrik
name: Uhlig, Silvio
name: Framstad, Tore
name: Schatzmayr, Dian
name: Sivertsen, Tore
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent Fusarium mycotoxins in grain and can cause economic losses in pig farming due to reduced feed consumption and lower weight gains. Biodetoxification of mycotoxins using bacterial strains has been a focus of research for many years. However, only a few in vivo studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of microbial detoxification of fusariotoxins. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the effect of a feed additive containing the bacterial strain Coriobacteriaceum DSM 11798 (the active ingredient in Biomin® BBSH 797) on growth performance and blood parameters, as well as uptake and metabolism of DON, in growing pigs. Forty-eight crossbred (Landrace-Yorkshire/Duroc-Duroc) weaning pigs were fed pelleted feed made from naturally-contaminated oats, with DON at four concentration levels: (1) control diet (DON < 0.2 mg kg−1), (2) low-contaminated diet (DON = 0.92 mg kg−1), (3) medium-contaminated diet (DON = 2.2 mg kg−1), and (4) high-contaminated diet (DON = 5.0 mg kg−1) and equivalent diets containing DSM 11798 as feed additive. During the first 7 days of exposure, pigs in the highest-dose group showed a 20-28 % reduction in feed intake and a 24-34 % reduction in weight gain compared with pigs in the control and low-dose groups. These differences were levelled out by study completion. Towards the end of the experiment, dose-dependent reductions in serum albumin, globulin and total serum protein were noted in the groups fed DON-contaminated feed compared with the controls. The addition of DSM 11798 had no effect on the DON-related clinical effects or on the plasma concentrations of DON. The ineffectiveness of the feed additive in the present study could be a consequence of its use in pelleted feed, which might have hindered its rapid release, accessibility or de-toxification efficiency in the pig gastrointestinal tract.