cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Formation of Molecular Clumps in QSO Outflows
Creators: name: Ferrara, Andrea
name: Scannapieco, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the origin of the cold molecular clumps in quasar outflows, recently detected in CO and HCN emission. We first describe the physical properties of such radiation-driven outflows and show that a transition from a momentum- to an energy-driven flow must occur at a radial distance of R ~ 0.25 kpc. During this transition, the shell of swept up material fragments due to Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, but these clumps contain little mass and are likely to be rapidly ablated by the hot gas in which they are immersed. We then explore an alternative scenario in which clumps form from thermal instabilities at R >~ 1 kpc, possibly containing enough dust to catalyze molecule formation. We investigate this processes with 3D two-fluid (gas+dust) numerical simulations of a kpc^3 patch of the outflow, including atomic and dust cooling, thermal conduction, dust sputtering, and photoionization from the QSO radiation field. In all cases, dust grains are rapidly destroyed in ~10,000 years; and while some cold clumps form at later times, they are present only as transient features, which disappear as cooling becomes more widespread. In fact, we only find a stable two-phase medium with dense clumps if we artificially enhance the QSO radiation field by a factor 100. This result, together with the complete destruction of dust grains, renders the interpretation of molecular outflows a very challenging problem.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures, ApJ, In press
Production of Energetic Light Fragments in CEM, LAQGSM, and MCNP6
Creators: name: Mashnik, Stepan G.
name: Kerby, Leslie M.
name: Gudima, Konstantin K.
name: Sierk, Arnold J.
name: Bull, Jeffrey S.
name: James, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the cascade-exciton model (CEM), and the Los Alamos version of the quark-gluon string model (LAQGSM), event generators of the Monte-Carlo N-particle transport code version 6 (MCNP6), to describe production of energetic light fragments (LF) heavier than 4He from various nuclear reactions induced by particles and nuclei at energies up to about 1 TeV/nucleon. In these models, energetic LF can be produced via Fermi break-up, preequilibrium emission, and coalescence of cascade particles. Initially, we study several variations of the Fermi break-up model and choose the best option for these models. Then, we extend the modified exciton model (MEM) used by these codes to account for a possibility of multiple emission of up to 66 types of particles and LF (up to 28Mg) at the preequilibrium stage of reactions. Then, we expand the coalescence model to allow coalescence of LF from nucleons emitted at the intranuclear cascade stage of reactions and from lighter clusters, up to fragments with mass numbers A < 8, in the case of CEM, and A < 13, in the case of LAQGSM. Next, we modify MCNP6 to allow calculating and outputting spectra of LF and heavier products with arbitrary mass and charge numbers. The improved version of CEM is implemented into MCNP6. Finally, we test the improved versions of CEM, LAQGSM, and MCNP6 on a variety of measured nuclear reactions. The modified codes give an improved description of energetic LF from particle- and nucleus-induced reactions; showing a good agreement with a variety of available experimental data. They have an improved predictive power compared to the previous versions and can be used as reliable tools in simulating applications involving such types of reactions.
description: 24 pages, 24 figures, 2 tables, to be submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Richardson-Lucy deconvolution with a spatially Variant point-spread function of Chandra: Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A as an Example
Creators: name: Sakai, Yusuke
name: Yamada, Shinya
name: Sato, Toshiki
name: Hayakawa, Ryota
name: Higurashi, Ryota
name: Kominato, Nao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution is one of the classical methods widely used in X-ray astronomy and other areas. Amid recent progress in image processing, RL deconvolution still leaves much room for improvement under a realistic situations. One direction is to include the positional dependence of a point-spread function (PSF), so-called RL deconvolution with a spatially variant PSF (RL$_{\rm{sv}}$). Another is the method of estimating a reliable number of iterations and their associated uncertainties. We developed a practical method that incorporates the RL$_{\rm{sv}}$ algorithm and the estimation of uncertainties. As a typical example of bright and high-resolution images, the Chandra X-ray image of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia~A was used in this paper. RL$_{\rm{sv}}$ deconvolution enables us to uncover the smeared features in the forward/backward shocks and jet-like structures. We constructed a method to predict the appropriate number of iterations by using statistical fluctuation of the observed images. Furthermore, the uncertainties were estimated by error propagation from the last iteration, which was phenomenologically tested with the observed data. Thus, our method is a practically efficient framework to evaluate the time evolution of the remnants and their fine structures embedded in high-resolution X-ray images.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Ideal Conductor Model: An analytical finite-size correction for non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of ion transport through nanoporous membranes
Creators: name: Shoemaker, Brian A
name: Domingues, Tiago S
name: Haji-Akbari, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modulating ion transport through nanoporous membranes is critical to many important chemical and biological separation processes. The corresponding transport timescales, however, are often too long to capture accurately using conventional molecular dynamics (\textsc{Md}). Recently, path sampling techniques such as forward-flux sampling (\textsc{Ffs}) have emerged as attractive alternatives for efficiently and accurately estimating arbitrarily long ionic passage times. Here, we use non-equilibrium \textsc{Md} and \textsc{Ffs} to explore how the kinetics and mechanism of pressure-driven chloride transport through a nanoporous graphitic membrane are affected by its lateral dimensions. We not only find ionic passage times and free energy barriers to decrease dramatically upon increasing the membrane surface area, but also observe an abrupt and discontinuous change in the locus of the transition state. These strong finite size effects arise due to the cumulative effect of the periodic images of the leading ion entering the pore on the distribution of the induced excess charge at the membrane surface in the feed. By assuming that the feed is an ideal conductor, we analytically derive a finite size correction term that can be computed from the information obtained from a single simulation and successfully use it to obtain corrected free energy profiles with no dependence on system size. We then estimate ionic passage times in the thermodynamic limit by assuming an Eyring-type dependence of rates on barriers with a size-independent prefactor. This approach constitutes a universal framework for removing finite size artifacts in molecular simulations of ion transport through nanoporous membranes and biological channel proteins.
description: 16 pages, 7 main figures, 2 SI figures, 3 tables and 2 appendices
The probability of identifying the cosmic web environment of galaxies around clusters motivated by the Weave Wide Field Cluster Survey
Creators: name: Cornwell, Daniel J.
name: Aragón-Salamanca, Alfonso
name: Kuchner, Ulrike
name: Gray, Meghan E.
name: Pearce, Frazer R.
name: Knebe, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Upcoming wide-field spectroscopic surveys will observe galaxies in a range of cosmic web environments in and around galaxy clusters. In this paper, we test and quantify how successfully we will be able to identify the environment of individual galaxies in the vicinity of massive galaxy clusters, reaching out to $\sim5R_{200}$ into the clusters' infall region. We focus on the WEAVE Wide Field Cluster Survey (WWFCS), but the methods we develop can be easily generalised to any similar spectroscopic survey. Using numerical simulations of a large sample of massive galaxy clusters from \textsc{TheThreeHundred} project, we produce mock observations that take into account the selection effects and observational constraints imposed by the WWFCS. We then compare the `true' environment of each galaxy derived from the simulations (cluster core, filament, and neither core nor filament, {``NCF''}) with the one derived from the observational data, where only galaxy sky positions and spectroscopic redshifts will be available. We find that, while cluster core galaxy samples can be built with a high level of completeness and moderate contamination, the filament and NCF galaxy samples will be significantly contaminated and incomplete due to projection effects exacerbated by the galaxies' peculiar velocities. We conclude that, in the infall regions surrounding massive galaxy clusters, associating galaxies with the correct cosmic web environment is highly uncertain. However, with large enough spectroscopic samples like the ones the WWFCS will provide (thousands of galaxies per cluster, {out to $5R_{200}$}), and the correct statistical treatment that takes into account the probabilities we provide here, we expect we will be able to extract robust and well-quantified conclusions on the relationship between galaxy properties and their environment.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS (14 pages, 7 figures)
Giant coronal loops dominate the quiescent X-ray emission in rapidly rotating M stars
Creators: name: Cohen, O.
name: Yadav, R.
name: Garraffo, C.
name: Saar, S. H.
name: Wolk, S. J.
name: Kashyap, V. L.
name: Drake, J. J.
name: Pillitteri, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations indicate that magnetic fields in rapidly rotating stars are very strong, on both small and large scales. What is the nature of the resulting corona? Here we seek to shed some light on this question. We use the results of an anelastic dynamo simulation of a rapidly rotating fully-convective M-star to drive a physics-based model for the stellar corona. We find that due to the several kilo Gauss large-scale magnetic fields at high latitudes, the corona and its X-ray emission are dominated by star-size large hot loops, while the smaller, underlying colder loops are not visible much in the X-ray. Based on this result we propose that, in rapidly rotating stars, emission from such coronal structures dominates the quiescent, cooler but saturated X-ray emission.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ
Higher Hölder regularity for mixed local and nonlocal degenerate elliptic equations
Creators: name: Garain, Prashanta
name: Lindgren, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35B65, 35D30, 35J70, 35R09, 35R11

description: We consider equations involving a combination of local and nonlocal degenerate $p$-Laplace operators. The main contribution of the paper is almost Lipschitz regularity for the homogeneous equation and Hölder continuity with an explicit Hölder exponent in the general case. For certain parameters, our results also imply Hölder continuity of the gradient. In addition, we establish existence, uniqueness and local boundedness. The approach is based on an iteration in the spirit of Moser combined with an approximation method.
description: 39 pages, references are updated
Are Large Kernels Better Teachers than Transformers for ConvNets?
Creators: name: Huang, Tianjin
name: Yin, Lu
name: Zhang, Zhenyu
name: Shen, Li
name: Fang, Meng
name: Pechenizkiy, Mykola
name: Wang, Zhangyang
name: Liu, Shiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper reveals a new appeal of the recently emerged large-kernel Convolutional Neural Networks (ConvNets): as the teacher in Knowledge Distillation (KD) for small-kernel ConvNets. While Transformers have led state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance in various fields with ever-larger models and labeled data, small-kernel ConvNets are considered more suitable for resource-limited applications due to the efficient convolution operation and compact weight sharing. KD is widely used to boost the performance of small-kernel ConvNets. However, previous research shows that it is not quite effective to distill knowledge (e.g., global information) from Transformers to small-kernel ConvNets, presumably due to their disparate architectures. We hereby carry out a first-of-its-kind study unveiling that modern large-kernel ConvNets, a compelling competitor to Vision Transformers, are remarkably more effective teachers for small-kernel ConvNets, due to more similar architectures. Our findings are backed up by extensive experiments on both logit-level and feature-level KD ``out of the box", with no dedicated architectural nor training recipe modifications. Notably, we obtain the \textbf{best-ever pure ConvNet} under 30M parameters with \textbf{83.1\%} top-1 accuracy on ImageNet, outperforming current SOTA methods including ConvNeXt V2 and Swin V2. We also find that beneficial characteristics of large-kernel ConvNets, e.g., larger effective receptive fields, can be seamlessly transferred to students through this large-to-small kernel distillation. Code is available at: \url{https://github.com/VITA-Group/SLaK}.
description: Accepted by ICML 2023
Anomalous conductances in an ultracold quantum wire
Creators: name: Kanász-Nagy, Márton
name: Glazman, Leonid
name: Esslinger, Tilman
name: Demler, Eugene A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the recently measured anomalous transport properties of an ultracold gas through a ballistic constriction [S. Krinner et al., PNAS 201601812 (2016)]. The quantized conductance observed at weak interactions increases several-fold as the gas is made strongly interacting, which cannot be explained by the Landauer theory of single-channel transport. We show that this phenomenon is due to the multichannel Andreev reflections at the edges of the constriction, where the interaction and confinement result in a superconducting state. Andreev processes convert atoms of otherwise reflecting channels into the condensate propagating through the constriction, leading to a significant excess conductance. Furthermore, we find the spin conductance being suppressed by superconductivity; the agreement with experiment provides an additional support for our model.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Material available as an ancillary file
Simultaneous Observations of Giant Pulses from Pulsar PSR B0950+08 at 42 MHz and 74 MHz
Creators: name: Tsai, Jr-Wei
name: Simonetti, John H
name: Akukwe, Bernadine
name: Bear, Brandon
name: Gough, Jonathan D
name: Shawhan, Peter
name: Kavic, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of giant pulse emission from PSR~B0950+08 in 12 hours of observations made simultaneously at 42~MHz and 74~MHz, using the first station of the Long Wavelength Array, LWA1. We detected 275 giant pulses (in 0.16\% of the pulse periods) and 465 giant pulses (0.27\%) at 42 and 74~MHz, respectively. The pulsar is weaker and produces less frequent giant pulses than at 100~MHz. Here, giant pulses are taken as having $\geq$ 10 times the flux density of an average pulse; their cumulative distribution of pulse strength follows a power law, with a index of $-$4.1 at 42~MHz and $-$5.1 at 74~MHz, which is much less steep than would be expected if we were observing the tail of a Gaussian distribution of normal pulses. We detected no other transient pulses in a wide dispersion measure range from 1 to 5000~pc~cm$^{-3}$. There were 128 giant pulses detected within in the same periods from both 42 and 74~MHz, which means more than half of them are not generated in a wide band. We use CLEAN-based algorithm to analyze the temporal broadening and conclude that the scattering effect from the interstellar medium can not be observed. We calculated the altitude $r$ of the emission region using the dipolar magnetic field model. We found $r$(42~MHz) = 29.27~km ($0.242\%$ of $R_{LC}$) and $r$(74~MHz) = 29.01~km ($0.240\%$ of $R_{LC}$) for the average pulse, while for giant pulses, $r$(42~MHz) = 29.10~km ($0.241\%$ of $R_{LC}$) and $r$(74~MHz) = 28.95~km ($0.240\%$ of $R_{LC}$). Giant pulses, which have a double-peak structure, have a smaller mean peak-to-peak separation compared to the average pulse.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures. This work is based on observations at two simultaneous frequencies and serves as a follow-up to the single frequency observations presented in arXiv:1502.01282
Dispersion relations, knot polynomials and the $q$-deformed harmonic oscillator
Creators: name: Sinha, Aninda
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the crossing symmetric dispersion relation (CSDR) for 2-2 scattering leads to a fascinating connection with knot polynomials and q-deformed algebras. In particular, the dispersive kernel can be identified naturally in terms of the generating function for the Alexander polynomials corresponding to the torus knot $(2,2n+1)$ arising in knot theory. Certain linear combinations of the low energy expansion coefficients of the amplitude can be bounded in terms of knot invariants. Pion S-matrix bootstrap data respects the analytic bounds so obtained. We correlate the $q$-deformed harmonic oscillator with the CSDR-knot picture. In particular, the scattering amplitude can be thought of as a $q$-averaged thermal two point function involving the $q$-deformed harmonic oscillator. The low temperature expansion coefficients are precisely the $q$-averaged Alexander knot polynomials.
description: v4: 10 pages, 4 figures, updated version
Comparing four hard-sphere approximations for the low-temperature WCA melting line
Creators: name: Attia, Eman
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
name: Pedersen, Ulf R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining interface-pinning simulations with numerical integration of the Clausius-Clapeyron equation we determine accurately the melting-line coexistence pressure and fluid/crystal densities of the Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (WCA) system covering four decades of temperature. The data are used for comparing the melting-line predictions of the Boltzmann, Andersen-Weeks-Chandler, Barker-Henderson, and Stillinger hard-sphere approximations. The Andersen-Weeks-Chandler and the Barker-Henderson theories give the most accurate predictions, and they both work excellently in the zero-temperature limit for which analytical expressions are derived here.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Mass and eccentricity constraints on the planetary debris orbiting the white dwarf WD 1145+017
Creators: name: Gurri, Pol
name: Veras, Dimitri
name: Gänsicke, Boris T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Being the first of its kind, the white dwarf WD 1145+017 exhibits a complex system of disintegrating debris which offers a unique opportunity to study its disruption process in real time. Even with plenty of transit observations there are no clear constraints on the masses or eccentricities of such debris. Using $N$-body simulations we show that masses greater than approximately $10^{20}$ kg (a tenth of the mass of Ceres) or orbits that are not nearly circular ($\mathrm{eccentricity}>10^{-3}$) dramatically increase the chances of the system becoming unstable within two years, which would contrast with the observational data over this timespan. We also provide a direct comparison between transit phase shifts detected in the observations and by our numerical simulations.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
Hawking radiation and the Stefan-Boltzmann law: The effective radius of the black-hole quantum atmosphere
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been suggested [S. B. Giddings, Phys. Lett. B {\bf 754}, 39 (2016)] that the Hawking black-hole radiation spectrum originates from an effective quantum "atmosphere" which extends well outside the black-hole horizon. In particular, comparing the Hawking radiation power of a $(3+1)$-dimensional Schwarzschild black hole of horizon radius $r_{\text{H}}$ with the familiar Stefan-Boltzmann radiation power of a $(3+1)$-dimensional flat space perfect blackbody emitter, Giddings concluded that the source of the Hawking semi-classical black-hole radiation is a quantum region outside the Schwarzschild black-hole horizon whose effective radius $r_{\text{A}}$ is characterized by the relation $Δr\equiv r_{\text{A}}-r_{\text{H}}\sim r_{\text{H}}$. It is of considerable physical interest to test the general validity of Giddings's intriguing conclusion. To this end, we study the Hawking radiation of $(D+1)$-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes. We find that the dimensionless radii $r_{\text{A}}/r_{\text{H}}$ which characterize the black-hole quantum atmospheres, as determined from the Hawking black-hole radiation power and the $(D+1)$-dimensional Stefan-Boltzmann radiation law, are a decreasing function of the number $D+1$ of spacetime dimensions. In particular, it is shown that radiating $(D+1)$-dimensional Schwarzschild black holes are characterized by the relation $(r_{\text{A}}-r_{\text{H}})/r_{\text{H}}\ll1$ in the large $D\gg1$ regime. Our results therefore suggest that, at least in some physical cases, the Hawking emission spectrum originates from quantum excitations very near the black-hole horizon.
description: 6 pages
Stable components of sound fields in the ocean
Creators: name: Virovlyansky, A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method is proposed for finding the wave field components which are weakly sensitive to the sound speed perturbation in the ocean acoustic waveguides. Such a component is formed by a narrow beam of rays whose spread in vertical direction, up to the observation range, remains less than the vertical scale of perturbation. These rays pass through practically the same inhomogeneities and therefore their phases acquire close increments. If the ray amplitudes vary insignificantly, then (i) the stable component of the monochromatic field in the perturbed and unperturbed waveguide differ by only a constant phase factor, and (ii) in the case of transient wave field the perturbation causes only an additional time delay of the stable component as a whole. It is shown how the stable components can be selected from the total wave field using the field expansions in coherent states or in normal modes. The existence of stable components is demonstrated by numerical simulation of sound field in a deep water waveguide. It turns out, that even though the assumptions (i) and (ii) are not met exactly, the stable components in the perturbed and unperturbed waveguide are quite close.
The Josephson diode effect in supercurrent interferometers
Creators: name: Souto, Rubén Seoane
name: Leijnse, Martin
name: Schrade, Constantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Josephson diode is a non-reciprocal circuit element that supports a larger dissipationless supercurrent in one direction than in the other. In this work, we propose and theoretically study a class of Josephson diodes based on supercurrent interferometers containing mesoscopic Josephson junctions, such as point contacts or quantum dots, which are not diodes themselves but possess non-sinusoidal current-phase relations. We show that such Josephson diodes have several important advantages, like being electrically tunable and requiring neither Zeeman splitting nor spin-orbit coupling, only time-reversal breaking by a magnetic flux. We also show that our diodes have a characteristic AC response, revealed by the Shapiro steps. Even the simplest realization of our Josephson diode paradigm that relies on only two junctions can achieve efficiencies of up to $\sim40\%$ and, interestingly, far greater efficiencies are achievable by concatenating multiple interferometer loops.
Exploring Implicit Human Responses to Robot Mistakes in a Learning from Demonstration Task
Creators: name: Hayes, Cory J.
name: Moosaei, Maryam
name: Riek, Laurel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As robots enter human environments, they will be expected to accomplish a tremendous range of tasks. It is not feasible for robot designers to pre-program these behaviors or know them in advance, so one way to address this is through end-user programming, such as via learning from demonstration (LfD). While significant work has been done on the mechanics of enabling robot learning from human teachers, one unexplored aspect is enabling mutual feedback between both the human teacher and robot during the learning process, i.e., implicit learning. In this paper, we explore one aspect of this mutual understanding, grounding sequences, where both a human and robot provide non-verbal feedback to signify their mutual understanding during interaction. We conducted a study where people taught an autonomous humanoid robot a dance, and performed gesture analysis to measure people's responses to the robot during correct and incorrect demonstrations.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, IEEE RO-MAN 2016, IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN 2016)
Far-infrared line spectra of active galaxies from the Herschel/PACS Spectrometer: the complete database
Creators: name: Fernández-Ontiveros, J. A.
name: Spinoglio, L.
name: Pereira-Santaella, M.
name: Malkan, M. A.
name: Andreani, P.
name: Dasyra, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a coherent database of spectroscopic observations of far-IR fine-structure lines from the Herschel/PACS archive for a sample of 170 local AGN, plus a comparison sample of 20 starburst galaxies and 43 dwarf galaxies. Published Spitzer/IRS and Herschel/SPIRE line fluxes are included to extend our database to the full 10-600 $μm$ spectral range. The observations are compared to a set of CLOUDY photoionisation models to estimate the above physical quantities through different diagnostic diagrams. We confirm the presence of a stratification of gas density in the emission regions of the galaxies, which increases with the ionisation potential of the emission lines. The new [OIV]25.9$μm$/[OIII]88$μm$ vs [NeIII]15.6$μm$/[NeII]12.8$μm$ diagram is proposed as the best diagnostic to separate: $i)$ AGN activity from any kind of star formation; and $ii)$ low-metallicity dwarf galaxies from starburst galaxies. Current stellar atmosphere models fail to reproduce the observed [OIV]25.9$μm$/[OIII]88$μm$ ratios, which are much higher when compared to the predicted values. Finally, the ([NeIII]15.6$μm$ + [NeII]12.8$μm$)/([SIV]10.5$μm$ + [SIII]18.7$μm$) ratio is proposed as a promising metallicity tracer to be used in obscured objects, where optical lines fail to accurately measure the metallicity. The diagnostic power of mid- to far-infrared spectroscopy shown here for local galaxies will be of crucial importance to study galaxy evolution during the dust-obscured phase at the peak of the star formation and black-hole accretion activity ($1 < z < 4$). This study will be addressed by future deep spectroscopic surveys with present and forthcoming facilities such as JWST, ALMA, and SPICA.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJS
Internet censorship in the European Union
Creators: name: Ververis, Vasilis
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: EU
subject: DPI
subject: Blocklisten
subject: Netzstörung
subject: Informationskontrolle
subject: Informationsfilterung
subject: Zugangskontrolle
subject: Internet-Zensur
subject: DNS-Hijacking
subject: DNS-Sperrung
subject: DNS-Manipulation
subject: Deep-Paket-Inspektion
subject: Netzmessungen
subject: Regulierungsbehörde
subject: Europäische Union
subject: Deep Packet Inspection
subject: European Union
subject: Offenes Internet
subject: Internet censorship
subject: DNS hijacking
subject: blocklists
subject: national regulator authority
subject: DNS blockling
subject: DNS manipulation
subject: network interference
subject: network measurements
subject: information controls
subject: information filtering
subject: access control
subject: open Internet
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke
subject: 940 Geschichte Europas
subject: 004 Informatik
subject: QR 760

description: Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit Internetzensur innnerhalb der EU, und hier insbesondere mit der technischen Umsetzung, das heißt mit den angewandten Sperrmethoden und Filterinfrastrukturen, in verschiedenen EU-Ländern. Neben einer Darstellung einiger Methoden und Infrastrukturen wird deren Nutzung zur Informationskontrolle und die Sperrung des Zugangs zu Websites und anderen im Internet verfügbaren Netzdiensten untersucht. Die Arbeit ist in drei Teile gegliedert. Zunächst werden Fälle von Internetzensur in verschiedenen EU-Ländern untersucht, insbesondere in Griechenland, Zypern und Spanien. Anschließend wird eine neue Testmethodik zur Ermittlung der Zensur mittels einiger Anwendungen, welche in mobilen Stores erhältlich sind, vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden alle 27 EU-Länder anhand historischer Netzwerkmessungen, die von freiwilligen Nutzern von OONI aus der ganzen Welt gesammelt wurden, öffentlich zugänglichen Blocklisten der EU-Mitgliedstaaten und Berichten von Netzwerkregulierungsbehörden im jeweiligen Land analysiert.
description: This is a thesis on Internet censorship in the European Union (EU), specifically regarding the technical implementation of blocking methodologies and filtering infrastructure in various EU countries. The analysis examines the use of this infrastructure for information controls and the blocking of access to websites and other network services available on the Internet. The thesis follows a three-part structure. Firstly, it examines the cases of Internet censorship in various EU countries, specifically Greece, Cyprus, and Spain. Subsequently, this paper presents a new testing methodology for determining censorship of mobile store applications. Additionally, it analyzes all 27 EU countries using historical network measurements collected by Open Observatory of Network Interference (OONI) volunteers from around the world, publicly available blocklists used by EU member states, and reports issued by network regulators in each country.
Quantum Criticality in the Ferromagnetic Superconductor UCoGe under Pressure and Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Bastien, Gael
name: Braithwaite, Daniel
name: Aoki, Dai
name: Knebel, Georg
name: Flouquet, Jacques
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The pressure-temperature phase diagram of the orthorhombic ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe was determined by resistivity measurements up to $10.5~$GPa. The Curie temperature $T_C$ is suppressed with pressure and vanishes at the critical pressure $p_c\approx1~$GPa. Superconductivity is observed in both the ferromagnetic state at low pressure, and in the paramagnetic state above $p_c$ up to about 4$~$GPa. Non-Fermi liquid behavior appears in a large pressure range. The resistivity varies linearly with temperature around $p_c$ and evolves continuously with pressure to a $T^2$ Fermi-liquid behavior for $p \gtrapprox 5$~GPa. The residual resistivity as a function of pressure shows a maximum far above $p_c$ at $p^\star=7.2~$GPa and the amplitude of the inelastic scattering term of the resistivity decreases by more than one order in magnitude at $p^\star$, which appears to mark the entrance into a weakly correlated regime. The pressure dependence of the upper critical field for magnetic field applied along the $b$ and $c$ axis illustrates the drastic difference in the field dependence of the ferromagnetic superconducting pairing. While for $H\parallel b$ axis $H_{c2}(T)$ is driven by the suppression of the ferromagnetic order, it is dominated by the strong initial suppression of the ferromagnetic fluctuations for a field applied in the easy magnetization axis $c$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
Axial-vector $D_1$ hadrons in $D^\astπ$ scattering from QCD
Creators: name: Lang, Nicolas
name: Wilson, David J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present $I=1/2$ $D^\astπ$ scattering amplitudes from lattice QCD and determine two low-lying $J^P=1^+$ axial-vector $D_1$ states and a $J^P=2^+$ tensor $D_2^\ast$. Computing finite-volume spectra at a light-quark mass corresponding to $m_π=391$ MeV, for the first time, we are able to constrain coupled $J^P=1^+$ $D^\astπ$ amplitudes with $^{2S+1}\ell_J\,=\,^3S_1$ and $^3\!D_1$ as well as coupled $J^P=2^+$ $Dπ\{^1\!D_2\}$ and $D^\astπ\{^3\!D_2\}$ amplitudes via Lüscher's quantization condition. Analyzing the scattering amplitudes for poles we find a near-threshold bound state, producing a broad feature in $D^\astπ\{^3\!S_1\}$. A narrow bump occurs in $D^\astπ\{^3\!D_1\}$ due to a $D_1$ resonance. A single resonance is found in $J^P=2^+$ coupled to $Dπ$ and $D^\astπ$. A relatively low mass and large coupling is found for the lightest $D_1$, suggestive of a state that will evolve into a broad resonance as the light quark mass is reduced. An earlier calculation of the scalar $D_0^\ast$ using the same light-quark mass enables comparisons to the heavy-quark limit.
description: 7+6 pages, 3+3 figures
Timing Analysis of a New Black Hole Candidate MAXI J1803-298 with Insight-HXMT and NICER
Creators: name: Zhu, Haifan
name: Chen, Xiao
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the timing analysis results of MAXI J1803$-$298, a black hole candidate, during its 2021 outburst using data obtained from the \textit{Insight-}HXMT and \textit{NICER} telescopes. Our analysis reveals that the source undergoes a state transition from the low/hard state to the hard intermediate state, followed by the soft intermediate state, and ultimately reaching the high/soft state. We searched for the quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) and studied the characteristics of the outburst. At the beginning of the outburst, the source was in the hard state, many type-C QPOs were seen in the \textit{Insight-}HXMT data, and the frequency of these QPOs increased from $\sim 0.16$ to $2.6$ Hz. Our analysis of the type-C QPOs' rms-frequency relationship indicates a turning point in the frequency. We also analyzed the phase lag versus frequency and energy relationship and deduced that the source likely has a high inclination angle, consistent with previous research. The observed rms and phase lag features in type-C QPOs could be explained by the Lense-Thirring precession model, while the alternatives would be still viable. The lag spectrum of type-B QPO exhibits a "\textit{U-shaped}" pattern similar to many other sources, and the type-B QPOs' rms increase as the energy rises. This phenomenon can be explained by the dual-corona model.
description: 11 pages, reference: 2023, MNRAS, 523, 4394-4404
Superfluid Black Holes
Creators: name: Hennigar, Robie A.
name: Mann, Robert B.
name: Tjoa, Erickson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present what we believe is the first example of a "$λ$-line" phase transition in black hole thermodynamics. This is a line of (continuous) second order phase transitions which in the case of liquid $^4$He marks the onset of superfluidity. The phase transition occurs for a class of asymptotically AdS hairy black holes in Lovelock gravity where a real scalar field is conformally coupled to gravity. We discuss the origin of this phase transition and outline the circumstances under which it (or generalizations of it) could occur.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
title: Reliability of the Modified-Modified Schober Method of Measuring Lumbar Range of Motion
Creators: name: Mariano, Mira H.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries1997
Year: 1997

description: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the Modified-modified Schober (MMS) method of measuring lumbar flexion and extension on subjects with low back pain. Thirty patients (19 females, 11 males) between the ages of 18 to 61 years (mean=40.0, SD=l 1.7) were measured by two physical therapists who each had six years of orthopedic experience.

Each subject was evaluated twice, in random order, by each tester using the MMS method. Trials 1 and 2 were used to calculate intratester reliability for each tester and intertester reliability was calculated between the two testers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for intratester reliability during flexion were .98 and .93 for tester 1 and 2, respectively. ICCs for intratester reliability during extension were .96 and .91 for tester 1 and 2, respectively. Intertester reliability was .93 and .83 for lumbar flexion and extension, respectively.

The MMS method appears to be a reliable method of measuring lumbar flexion and extension in patients with low back pain.
Advertisement calls of Leptobrachella suiyangensisand Leptobrachella bashaensis(Anura, Megophryidae)
Creators: name: Shen, Tuo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310901
subject: Animal behaviour

description: Data contains seven wav files recorded in Huoqiuba Nature Reserve and Basha Nature Reserve in Guizhou Province, China. The data were collected from April 27 to May 1, 2022.The data were recorded under field conditions using a SONY ICD-PX470 (sampling rate 44.1 kHz, 16-bit resolution). The microphone was placed at approximately 0.5 meters from the frog. Each sample was stored as a .wav file.
Time series photometry and multi-wavelength characterisation of the young stellar cluster Mon R2
Creators: name: Orcajo, Santiago
name: Cieza, Lucas A.
name: Gamen, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGT), we have obtained multi-epoch photometry of the young cluster Mon R2. We have monitored over 6000 sources with $i$-band between 13 and 23 mag within a $ 26'x26'$ field of view. For each star, we collected $\sim1500$ photometric points covering a temporal window of 23 days. Based on these data, we have measured rotation-modulated of 136 stars and identified around 90 additional variables, including 14 eclipsing binary candidates. Moreover, we found 298 other variables with photometric high-scatter. In addition, we have obtained $r$-band and H$α$ narrow-band photometry of the cluster with LCOGT and low-resolution optical spectroscopy of 229 stars with GMOS-Gemini. We used the \textit{Gaia} data from the periodic stars and objects with H$α$ or IR-excesses, which are mostly low-mass pre-main sequence stars ($<1$M$_{sun}$) in the cluster to estimate the distance ($825 \pm 51$ pc) and the mean proper motions ($μ_αcos(δ)=-2.75$mas yr$^{-1}$ and $μ_δ=1.15$mas yr$^{-1}$) of its members. This allows us to use the \textit{Gaia} data to identify additional Mon R2 member candidates. We also used Pan-STARRS photometry from our LCOGT sources to construct a more precise H-R diagram, from which we estimate the mean age of the cluster and identify other possible members including eleven spectroscopy brown dwarf with M7 to M9 GMOS spectral types. Finally, we combined our membership lists with \textit{Spitzer} infrared photometry to investigate the incidence of stars with discs and the effect these have on stellar rotation.
description: 28 pages, 36 figures, will be published in MNRAS: MN-21-3195-MJ
title: The Relationship of Foot Types to Pressure Distribution Patterns of the Forefoot During Gait
Creators: name: Fan, Hui-Ji
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Pressure distribution under the foot has been considered a useful indicator in the treatment of foot problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between foot types and pressure patterns under the forefoot. Fifty-four healthy subjects (19 males, 35 females, mean age=27 years, S0=4, range=21-39) participated in this study. A BTE pedobarograph was used to record pressure distribution under the foot during barefoot walking. Foot types were classified as neutral, pronated, and supinated. Pressure distribution under the forefoot was classified as medial, central, and lateral patterns. The medial pattern had the highest peak pressure under the first metatarsal head or under the first and second metatarsal heads. The central pattern had the highest pressure under the second and/or third metatarsal heads. The lateral pattern had the highest peak pressure under the three lateral metatarsal heads. A significant relationship between foot type and pressure pattern was demonstrated (p< 0.05). A post hoc Lambda asymmetric value of 0.02 was obtained. This study concluded that there is a weak relationship between foot types and pressure patterns under the forefoot. One cannot use the foot type to predict the pressure distribution pattern under the forefoot. Results suggest that there are other factors which affect the pressure distribution under the forefoot.
Ag(II) as spin super-polarizer in metal fluoride clusters
Creators: name: Domański, Mateusz
name: van Leusen, Jan
name: Metzelaars, Marvin
name: Kögerler, Paul
name: Grochala, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using quantum mechanical calculations, we examine magnetic (super)exchange interactions in hypothetical, chemically reasonable molecular coordination clusters containing fluoride bridged late transition metals or selected lanthanides, as well as Ag(II). By referencing to analogous species comprising closed shell Cd(II) we provide theoretical evidence that the presence of Ag(II) may modify the magnetic properties of such systems (including metal metal superexchange) to a surprising degree, specifically both coupling sign and strength may markedly change. Remarkably, this happens in spite of the fact that the fluoride ligand is the least susceptible to spin polarization among all monoatomic ligands known in chemistry. In an extreme case of a oxo bridged Ni(II)2 complex, the presence of Ag(II) leads to a nearly 17 fold increase of magnetic superexchange and switching from antiferro- to ferromagnetic coupling. Ag(II), with one hole in its d shell that may be shared with or transferred to ligands, effectively acts as spin superpolarizer, and this feature could be exploited in spintronics and diverse molecular devices.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, and 24 pages of supplementary information
Moiré phonons and impact of electronic symmetry breaking in twisted trilayer graphene
Creators: name: Samajdar, Rhine
name: Teng, Yanting
name: Scheurer, Mathias S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted trilayer graphene is a particularly promising moiré superlattice system, due to its tunability, strong superconductivity, and complex electronic symmetry breaking. Motivated by these properties, we study lattice relaxation and the long-wavelength phonon modes of this system. We show that mirror-symmetric trilayer graphene hosts, aside from the conventional acoustic phonon modes, two classes of shear modes, which are even and odd under mirror reflection. The mirror-even modes are found to be gapless and equivalent to the "phason" modes of twisted bilayer graphene, with appropriately rescaled parameters. The modes odd under mirror symmetry have no analogue in twisted bilayer graphene and exhibit a finite gap, which we show is directly proportional to the degree of lattice relaxation. We also discuss the impact of mirror-symmetry breaking, which can be tuned by a displacement field or result from a stacking shift, and of rotational- as well as time-reversal-symmetry breaking, resulting from spontaneous electronic order. We demonstrate that this can induce finite angular momentum to the phonon branches. Our findings are important to the interpretation of recent experiments, concerning the origin of superconductivity and of linear-in-$T$ resistivity.
description: 6+13 pages, 4+5 figures