cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Molecular Inventories and Chemical Evolution of Low-mass Protostellar Envelopes
Creators: name: Jorgensen, J. K.
name: Schoeier, F. L.
name: van Dishoeck, E. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents the first substantial study of the chemistry of the envelopes around a sample of 18 low-mass pre- and protostellar objects for which physical properties have previously been derived from radiative transfer modeling of their dust continuum emission. Single-dish line observations of 24 transitions of 9 molecular species (not counting isotopes) including HCO+, N2H+, CS, SO, SO2, HCN, HNC, HC3N and CN are reported. The line intensities are used to constrain the molecular abundances by comparison to Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling of the line strengths. An empirical chemical network is constructed on the basis of correlations between the abundances of various species. For example, it is seen that the HCO+ and CO abundances are linearly correlated, both increasing with decreasing envelope mass. Species such as CS, SO and HCN show no trend with envelope mass. In particular no trend is seen between ``evolutionary stage'' of the objects and the abundances of the main sulfur- or nitrogen-containing species. Among the nitrogen-bearing species abundances of CN, HNC and HC3N are found to be closely correlated, which can be understood from considerations of the chemical network. The CS/SO abundance ratio is found to correlate with the abundances of CN and HC3N, which may reflect a dependence on the atomic carbon abundance. An anti-correlation is found between the deuteration of HCO+ and HCN, reflecting different temperature dependences for gas-phase deuteration mechanisms. The abundances are compared to other protostellar environments. In particular it is found that the abundances in the cold outer envelope of the previously studied class 0 protostar IRAS16293-2422 are in good agreement with the average abundances for the presented sample of class 0 objects.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A. 29 pages, 23 figures. Abstract abridged
Zatrudnienie i wartość dodana brutto w sektorach gospodarki państw Unii Europejskiej w latach 2002 i 2016
Employment and Gross Value Added in the Sectors of the European Union Economy in 2002 and 2016
Creators: name: Kołodziejczak, Włodzimierz
name: Kołodziejczak, Włodzimierz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: sectoral structure of employment
subject: gross value added
subject: employment in agriculture
subject: European Union
subject: sektorowa struktura zatrudnienia
subject: wartość dodana brutto
subject: zatrudnienie w rolnictwie
subject: Unia Europejska

description: The aim of the paper is to recognize the level of employment and gross value added in the agriculture against the other sectors of the economy in the European Union. Comparative analysis and method of deduction were used in the study. The research was based on the EUROSTAT data from the years of both 2002 and 2016. The “surplus” of employment in the agriculture in the post-socialist countries in relation to the EU average approximately corresponds to the “shortage” of employment in services. The process of changes in the sectoral structure of employment will probably be determined by the growth rate of demand for services, structural adjustment referring to matching the characteristics of the agricultural population to the demand for labour force in the services sector and the pace of structural transformations in rural areas. / Synopsis. Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie poziomu zatrudnienia i wytwarzanej wartości dodanej brutto w rolnictwie na tle pozostałych sektorów gospodarki w państwach Unii Europejskiej. W badaniu zastosowano analizę porównawczą i dedukcję. Wykorzystano dane EUROSTAT z lat 2002 i 2016. "Nadwyżka” zatrudnienia w rolnictwie występująca w państwach postsocjalistycznych w stosunku do średniej UE odpowiada w nich, w przybliżeniu, „niedoborowi” zatrudnienia w usługach. Proces zmian sektorowej struktury zatrudnienia będzie prawdopodobnie warunkowany przez tempo wzrostu zapotrzebowania na usługi, dostosowanie strukturalne dotyczące dopasowania cech ludności rolniczej do zapotrzebowania na siłę roboczą w sektorze usług oraz tempo przekształceń strukturalnych na wsi.
description: DOI: 10.22630/PRS.2018.18.4.117
Impact of Body Dryer Features on Willingness and Perceived Comfort
Creators: name: Li, Clarisse
name: Lin, Xinyu
name: Liu, Xianyi
name: Yuan, Kelsey
name: Zhang, Yuxuan
name: Zhang, Zifeng
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Acknowledging the negative effects of wet days exacerbated by climate change and drawing inspiration from water amusement parks, this study aims to examine a novel drying method, the body dryer, and specifically how its hygiene and privacy features affect people’s willingness to use and perceived comfort. Regarding this question, we hypothesized that people would show higher levels of willingness and perceived comfort to use the body dryer with hygiene features, as compared to the body dryer with privacy features and the standardized body dryer (control condition) without hygiene or privacy features. A total of 211 participants were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions: control condition, hygiene condition, or privacy condition. They were first asked to view a description and an image of the assigned body dryer, then rate their willingness to use and perceived comfort on scales. Results indicated that the features of body dryers, either hygiene or privacy, had no significant impact on people’s willingness to use and perceived comfort. Despite these results being insignificant, this study contributes to the existing literature by proposing and assessing a novel solution that can help UBC community become more climate resilient in the face of climate change. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Immersed boundary approach to biofilm spread on surfaces
Creators: name: Carpio, Ana
name: Gonzalez-Albaladejo, Rafael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a computational framework to study the growth and spread of bacterial biofilms on interfaces, as well as the action of antibiotics on them. Bacterial membranes are represented by boundaries immersed in a fluid matrix and subject to interaction forces. Growth, division and death of bacterial cells follow dynamic energy budget rules, in response to variations in environmental concentrations of nutrients, toxicants and substances released by the cells. In this way, we create, destroy and enlarge boundaries, either spherical or rod-like. Appropriate forces represent details of the interaction between cells, and the interaction with the environment. Numerical simulations illustrate the evolution of top views and diametral slices of small biofilm seeds, as well as the action of antibiotics. We show that cocktails of antibiotics targeting active and dormant cells can entirely eradicate a biofilm.
Additional file 1 of Risk-based scoring and genetic identification for anisakids in frozen fish products from Atlantic FAO areas
Creators: name: Smaldone, Giorgio
name: Abollo, Elvira
name: Marrone, Raffaele
name: Bernardi, Cristian E. M.
name: Chirollo, Claudia
name: Anastasio, Aniello
name: Hierro, Santiago P. Del
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Identified parasites in fish species,Accession ID related to the aligned sequences and web links (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/).
Generalization of solutions of the Jacobi PDEs associated to time reparametrizations of Poisson systems
Creators: name: Hernández-Bermejo, Benito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The determination of solutions of the Jacobi partial differential equations (PDEs) for finite-dimensional Poisson systems is considered. In particular, a novel procedure for the construction of solution families is developed. Such a procedure is based on the use of time reparametrizations preserving the existence of a Poisson structure. As a result, a method which is valid for arbitrary values of the dimension and the rank of the Poisson structure under consideration is obtained. In this article two main families of time reprametrizations of this kind are characterized. In addition, these results lead to a novel application which is also developed, namely the global and constructive determination of the Darboux canonical form for Poisson systems of arbitrary dimension and rank two, thus improving the local result provided by Darboux theorem for such a case.
Back Reaction Of Perturbations In Two Scalar Field Inflationary Models
Creators: name: Geshnizjani, Ghazal
name: Brandenberger, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the back-reaction of long wavelength cosmological perturbations on a general relativistic measure of the local expansion rate of the Universe. Specifically, we consider a cosmological model in which matter is described by two scalar matter fields, one being the inflaton and the other one representing a matter field which is used as a clock. We analyze back-reaction in a phase of inflaton-driven slow-roll inflation, and find that the leading infrared back-reaction terms contributing to the evolution of the expansion rate do not vanish when measured at a fixed value of the clock field. We also analyze the back-reaction of entropy modes in a specific cosmological model with negative square mass for the entropy field and find that back-reaction can become significant. Our work provides evidence that, in general, the back-reaction of infrared fluctuations could be locally observable.
description: 9 pages, no figures
Gauge Theories on Sphere and Killing Vectors
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a general method for studying manifestly $O(n+1)$ covariant formulation of $p$-form gauge theories by stereographically projecting these theories, defined in flat Euclidean space, onto the surface of a hypersphere. The gauge fields in the two descriptions are mapped by conformal Killing vectors while conformal Killing spinors are necessary for the matter fields, allowing for a very transparent analysis and compact presentation of results. General expressions for these Killing vectors and spinors are given. The familiar results for a vector gauge theory are reproduced.
description: 19 pages, LaTex errors fixed; marginal changes, To appear in Annals of Physics
Andrena minutula
Creators: name: Gérard, Maxence
name: Fiordaliso, William
name: Ferrais, Louise
name: Fournier, Chloé
name: Hairault, Malo
name: Lheureux, Lise
name: Rosa, Paolo
name: Ghisbain, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Andrenidae
Andrena
Andrena minutula

description: Andrena minutula (Kirby, 1802)
Conservation status
LC
description: Published as part of Gérard, Maxence, Fiordaliso, William, Ferrais, Louise, Fournier, Chloé, Hairault, Malo, Lheureux, Lise, Rosa, Paolo & Ghisbain, Guillaume, 2025, Wild bee diversity of the National Park of the Semois Valley (Belgium), pp. e 144223 in Biodiversity Data Journal 13 on page e144223, DOI: 10.3897/BDJ.13.e144223
Emotional Speaker Identification using a Novel Capsule Nets Model
Creators: name: Nassif, Ali Bou
name: Shahin, Ismail
name: Elnagar, Ashraf
name: Velayudhan, Divya
name: Alhudhaif, Adi
name: Polat, Kemal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Speaker recognition systems are widely used in various applications to identify a person by their voice; however, the high degree of variability in speech signals makes this a challenging task. Dealing with emotional variations is very difficult because emotions alter the voice characteristics of a person; thus, the acoustic features differ from those used to train models in a neutral environment. Therefore, speaker recognition models trained on neutral speech fail to correctly identify speakers under emotional stress. Although considerable advancements in speaker identification have been made using convolutional neural networks (CNN), CNNs cannot exploit the spatial association between low-level features. Inspired by the recent introduction of capsule networks (CapsNets), which are based on deep learning to overcome the inadequacy of CNNs in preserving the pose relationship between low-level features with their pooling technique, this study investigates the performance of using CapsNets in identifying speakers from emotional speech recordings. A CapsNet-based speaker identification model is proposed and evaluated using three distinct speech databases, i.e., the Emirati Speech Database, SUSAS Dataset, and RAVDESS (open-access). The proposed model is also compared to baseline systems. Experimental results demonstrate that the novel proposed CapsNet model trains faster and provides better results over current state-of-the-art schemes. The effect of the routing algorithm on speaker identification performance was also studied by varying the number of iterations, both with and without a decoder network.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 1 of Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance features of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Pakistan
Creators: name: Karah, Nabil
name: Fizza Khalid
name: Wai, Sun Nyunt
name: Uhlin, Bernt Eric
name: Ahmad, Irfan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. The geographic distance between the Combined Military Hospital in Lahore (CMH Lahore) and the Combined Military Hospital in Peshawar (CMH Peshawar) as drawn by Google Maps https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Combined+Military+Hospital,+Mall+Rd,+Peshawar+Cantonment,+Peshawar,+Khyber+Pakhtunkhwa,+Pakistan/CMH+Lahore,+Abdul+Rehman+Rd,+Saddar+Town,+Lahore,+Punjab,+Pakistan/@32.7700744,72.6522947,8z/data=!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1s0x38d917bbe7a07855:0xf8ccf377d1a61673!2m2!1d71.5423502!2d34.0033769!1m5!1m1!1s0x39190517756f887b:0xc49fc1d23f55d0b0!2m2!1d74.3726762!2d31.5408931!3e0.
Depletion of a Bose-Einstein condensate by laser-iduced dipole-dipole interactions
Creators: name: Mazets, I. E.
name: O'Dell, D. H. J.
name: Kurizki, G.
name: Davidson, N.
name: Schleich, W. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate with laser-induced dipole-dipole interactions using the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov theory within the Popov approximation. The dipolar interactions introduce long-range atom-atom correlations, which manifest themselves as increased depletion at momenta similar to that of the laser wavelength, as well as a "roton" dip in the excitation spectrum. Surprisingly, the roton dip and the corresponding peak in the depletion are enhanced by raising the temperature above absolute zero.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Farm Policy, Volume 16, Number 4
Creators: name: University Of Western Australia
name: University Of Western Australia
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Development
Political Economy

description: Overall Impact of Tariffs and Subsidies by W. A. McKinnon; A Case for Less Government Assistance to Rural Research by B. R. Martin; Rural Attitudes and the Daylight Saving Campaign in New South Wales by K. Richmond; Rural Development in U.S.A. by G. Marousek
Absence of ferromagnetism in Co and Mn substituted polycrystalline ZnO
Creators: name: Lawes, G.
name: Risbud, A. S.
name: Ramirez, A. P.
name: Seshadri, Ram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the properties of semiconducting bulk ZnO when substituted with the magnetic transition metal ions Mn and Co, with substituent fraction ranging from $x$ = 0.02 to $x$ = 0.15. The magnetic properties were measured as a function of magnetic field and temperature and we find no evidence for magnetic ordering in these systems down to $T$ = 2 K. The magnetization can be fit by the sum of a Curie-Weiss term with a Weiss temperature of $Θ\gg$100 K and a Curie term. We attribute this behavior to contributions from both \textit{t}M ions with \textit{t}M nearest neighbors and from isolated spins. This particular functional form for the susceptibility is used to explain why no ordering is observed in \textit{t}M substituted ZnO samples despite the large values of the Weiss temperature. We also discuss in detail the methods we used to minimize any impurity contributions to the magnetic signal.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures (revised)
GLAST: Understanding the High Energy Gamma-Ray Sky
Creators: name: McEnery, J. E.
name: Moskalenko, I. V.
name: Ormes, J. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the ability of the GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT) to identify, resolve, and study the high energy gamma-ray sky. Compared to previous instruments the telescope will have greatly improved sensitivity and ability to localize gamma-ray point sources. The ability to resolve the location and identity of EGRET unidentified sources is described. We summarize the current knowledge of the high energy gamma-ray sky and discuss the astrophysics of known and some prospective classes of gamma-ray emitters. In addition, we also describe the potential of GLAST to resolve old puzzles and to discover new classes of sources.
description: To appear in Cosmic Gamma Ray Sources, Kluwer ASSL Series, Edited by K.S. Cheng and G.E. Romero
Protostellar Outflows: a window to the past
Creators: name: Rohde, P. F.
name: Walch, S.
name: Seifried, D.
name: Whitworth, A. P.
name: Clarke, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the early phases of low-mass star formation, episodic accretion causes the ejection of high-velocity outflow bullets, which carry a fossil record of the driving protostar's accretion history. We present 44 SPH simulations of $1\,\mathrm{M}_{\odot}$ cores, covering a wide range of initial conditions, and follow the cores for five free-fall times. Individual protostars are represented by sink particles, and the sink particles launch episodic outflows using a subgrid model. The Optics algorithm is used to identify individual episodic bullets within the outflows. The parameters of the overall outflow and the individual bullets are then used to estimate the age and energetics of the outflow, and the accretion events that triggered it; and to evaluate how reliable these estimates are, if observational uncertainties and selection effects (like inclination) are neglected. Of the commonly used methods for estimating outflow ages, it appears that those based on the length and speed of advance of the lobe are the most reliable in the early phases of evolution, and those based on the width of the outflow cavity and the speed of advance are most reliable during the later phases. We describe a new method that is almost as accurate as these methods, and reliable throughout the evolution. In addition we show how the accretion history of the protostar can be accurately reconstructed from the dynamics of the bullets if each lobe contains at least two bullets. The outflows entrain about ten times more mass than originally ejected by the protostar.
description: 20 pages, 19 figures, published in MNRAS
Revisiting scalar and tensor perturbations in a nonlocal gravity
Creators: name: Tian, S. X.
name: Zhu, Zong-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlocal RT gravity is a successful modified gravity theory, which not only explains the late-time cosmic acceleration but also behaves well in the solar system. Previous analysis generally assumes the auxiliary field $S_i$ vanishes at the cosmic background. However, we find the background $S_i$ is proportional to $a^2$ with the expansion of the universe. Then we discuss the influence of the nonzero background $S_i$ on the cosmic background evolution, the scalar and tensor perturbations. We find the cosmic background evolution is independent of $S_i$, and the influence of the nonzero background $S_i$ on the weak field limit at solar system scales is negligible. For the tensor perturbation, we find the only possible observable effect is the influence of nonzero background $S_i$ on the LIGO gravitational wave amplitude and also luminosity distance. Future high redshift gravitational wave observations could be used to constrain the background value of $S_i$.
description: 5 pages, PRD in press
Exact Maximum Likelihood Estimation of Regression Equations with a General Stationary Auto-Regressive Disturbance
Creators: name: Beach, Charles M.
name: Yeo, Stephen
name: Beach, Charles M.
name: Yeo, Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper develops an exact maximum likelihood technique for estimating regression equations with general p'th-order autoregressive disturbances. The approach appears to be computationally practical and straightforward, insures the estimated error coefficients satisfy a priori stationarity conditions, and insures convergence of the estimation procedure. Recent expression of the analytic inverse of the covariance matrix of a stationary AR(p) process provides the basis for the iterative algorithms, which employ a modified Gauss-Newton technique utilizing exact first and approximate second derivatives. The relationship between stationarity and the form of the objective function is examined. Empirical estimates are then presented for regression models with and without a lagged dependent variable.
A Model of Energy Supply from Western Canada
Creators: name: Rowse, John
name: Rowse, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: This paper discusses a static multiregional linear programming model of energy supply from western Canada. This model has been constructed as part of an effort to measure production labour requirements, regional wealth accrual and economic resource rents associated with different energy resource development scenarios. Demands and prices are exogenous to the model and supplies are determined to maximize the increment to gross domestic product generated by energy resource production. The, optimal solution yields a pattern of production and economic rent distribution which would obtain if actual prices were specified exogenously and energy markets functioned in a perfectly competitive manner to meet demands. Thus the most economic supply alternatives are utilized most intensively, low-cost producers rewarded most heavily and highest rents awarded to production capacities and reserves in particularly short supply. Two major advantages of the approach are. (i) the most economic patterns of production and transport of energy products can be determined independently of the externally imposed restrictions characterizing Canadian energy product markets, allowing inefficiencies to be pinpointed and quantified, and (ii) it allows the price of each energy product to have a direct impact on the shadow prices of constraints on energy production and consumption, in turn allowing empirical estimation of changes in natural resource rents as energy product prices change. The model can be used to address such supply-oriented questions as the short term consequences to provincial wealth accrual and economic rents of energy price adjustments in international markets, the impact of increased or reduced restrictions on energy product supply or transportation, the implications of technical developments in product supply or co-product yields, or the outcome of government attempts to promote economic development of specific provincial energy industries.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence and incidence of nodding syndrome and other forms of epilepsy in onchocerciasis-endemic areas in northern Uganda after the implementation of onchocerciasis control measures
Creators: name: Nolbert Gumisiriza
name: Mubiru, Frank
name: Fodjo, Joseph Nelson Siewe
name: Kayitale, Martin Mbonye
name: Hotterbeekx, An
name: Idro, Richard
name: Makumbi, Issa
name: Lakwo, Tom
name: Opar, Bernard
name: Kaducu, Joice
name: Wamala, Joseph Francis
name: Colebunders, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. 2012 Village Health Team (VHT) nodding syndrome case report form.
Voronoi and Fractal Complex Networks and Their Characterization
Creators: name: Costa, Luciano da Fontoura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Real complex networks are often characterized by spatial constraints such as the relative position and adjacency of nodes. The present work describes how Voronoi tessellations of the space where the network is embedded provide not only a natural means for relating such networks with metric spaces, but also a natural means for obtaining fractal complex networks. A series of comprehensive measurements closely related to spatial aspects of these networks is proposed, which includes the effective length, adjacency, as well as the fractal dimension of the network in terms of the spatial scales defined by successive shortest paths starting from a specific node. The potential of such features is illustrated with respect to the random, small-world, scale-free and fractal network models.
Influences of Norm and Excitement on Bike Use Behavior of High-Income People in China
Creators: name: Magdolen, Miriam
name: Wörle, Tim
name: Hilgert, Tim
name: Behren, Sascha Von
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2020

description: In China, the bicycle had a high relevance in the past. Some decades ago, it was the major mode for most Chinese people. This situation changed with growing wealth and increasing car ownership. Today, as cities are traffic-crowded, the bicycle seems to be an alternative again. At the same time, the government as well as private equity, invest in public bike systems. Previous research indicates that especially people with high-income are less likely to use the bicycle as a mode of transport. The question arises whether the bike is used by high-income people that usually have a car as an alternative. What are the influencing factors to use bicycles? To investigate these aspects, we present results of a study conducted in 8 Chinese cities. The data is analyzed using a structural equation model to investigate influences on bike use behavior of high-income people. This study provides no contribution in the research of psychological characteristics of users or the routes used. Rather, it is intended to provide understanding to ecological norm and excitement regarding usage. The results provides insights into the complex interrelationships of sociodemographic and psychological aspects as well as the modernity of the cities in the context of bike usage. Mainly car ownership and the place of residence show significant effects on the attitudes and norms of people and thus influence the use of bicycles. Our results help to understand the interrelationships between sociodemographic characteristics, spatial characteristics and the attitudes of people while making mobility decisions.
Exploring the Selection of Galaxy Clusters and Groups: An Optical Survey for X-ray Dark Clusters
Creators: name: Gilbank, David G.
name: Bower, Richard G.
name: Castander, F. J.
name: Ziegler, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data from a new, wide field, coincident optical and X-ray survey, the X-ray Dark Cluster Survey (XDCS) are presented. This survey comprises simultaneous and independent searches for clusters of galaxies in the optical and X-ray passbands. Optical cluster detection algorithms implemented on the data are detailed. Two distinct optically selected catalogues are constructed, one based on I-band overdensity, the other on overdensities of colour-selected galaxies. The superior accuracy of the colour-selection technique over that of the single passband method is demonstrated, via internal consistency checks and comparison with external spectroscopic redshift information. This is compared with an X-ray selected cluster catalogue. In terms of gross numbers, the survey yields 185 I-band selected, 290 colour selected and 15 X-ray selected systems, residing in ~11deg^2 of optical + X-ray imaging. The relationship between optical richness/ luminosity and X-ray luminosity is examined, by measuring X-ray luminosities at the positions of our 290 colour-selected systems. Power law correlations between the optical richness/ luminosity versus X-ray luminosity are fitted, both exhibiting approximately 0.2 dex of intrinsic scatter. Interesting outliers in these correlations are discussed in greater detail. Spectroscopic follow up of a subsample of X-ray underluminous systems confirms their reality.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 31 pages, 38 figures. Full resolution version available at http://star-www.dur.ac.uk/~dgg/xdcs1.ps.gz
Superconducting hydrides under pressure
Creators: name: Pickard, Chris J.
name: Errea, Ion
name: Eremets, Mikhail I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurement of superconductivity at above 200K in compressed samples of hydrogen sulfide and lanthanum hydride at 250K is reinvigorating the search for conventional high temperature superconductors. At the same time it exposes a fascinating interplay between theory, computation and experiment. Conventional superconductivity is well understood, and theoretical tools are available for accurate predictions of the superconducting critical temperature. These predictions depend on knowing the microscopic structure of the material under consideration, and can now be provided through computational first principles structure predictions. The experiments at the megabar pressures required are extremely challenging, but for some groups at least, permit the experimental exploration of materials space. We discuss the prospects for the search for new superconductors, ideally at lower pressures.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, submitted version
On naked singularities and the collapse of self-gravitating Higgs fields
Creators: name: Dafermos, Mihalis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of collapse of a self-gravitating Higgs field, with potential bounded below by a (possibly negative) constant. The behaviour at infinity may be either asymptotically flat or asymptotically AdS. This problem has received much attention as a source for possible violations of weak cosmic censorship in string theory. In this paper, we prove under spherical symmetry that ``first singularities'' arising in the non-trapped region must necessarily emanate from the centre. In particular, this excludes the formation of a certain type of naked singularity which was recently conjectured to occur.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
D-chtoucas de Drinfeld à modifications symétriques et identité de changement de base
Creators: name: Châu, Ngô Bao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G09 ; 11R39

description: We give a new proof of the base change fundamental lemma for GL_n for certain Hecke functions by comparing the cohomology of two different moduli space of $D$-shtukas. The original proof, due to Clozel and Labesse, make use of the trace formula and of the unit case due to Kottwitz.
description: published version
Additional file 1 of Ticagrelor and preconditioning in patients with stable coronary artery disease (TAPER-S): a randomized pilot clinical trial
Creators: name: D. D’Amario
name: A. Restivo
name: A. M. Leone
name: R. Vergallo
name: S. Migliaro
name: F. Canonico
name: M. Galli
name: C. Trani
name: F. Burzotta
name: C. Aurigemma
name: G. Niccoli
name: A. Buffon
name: R. A. Montone
name: A. Flex
name: F. Franceschi
name: G. Tinelli
name: U. Limbruno
name: F. Francese
name: I. Ceccarelli
name: J. A. Borovac
name: I. Porto
name: F. Crea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Details related to main pharmacological interactions and adverse events definition and reporting are provided in the additional file, enclosed in the manuscript.
Femoral Neck Angle Impacts Hip Disorder and Surgical Intervention: A Patient-Specific 3D Printed Analysis
Creators: name: McFarlane, Katie
name: Chaichana, Thanapong
name: Sun, Zhonghua
name: Dentith, Joseph Neil
name: Brown, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: I.6.5; I.3.5
subject: 92C55 (Primary) 68U07, 68U05, 97Q10 (Secondary)

description: The purpose of this study is to investigate the femoral neck angulation for prediction of the complication associated with dynamic hip screw (DHS) surgery and hip deformity. Three sample patients' MRI images were selected to calculate the femoral neck angles. A total of six femur head geometries were reconstructed and three dimensional (3D) models printed. The calculation of neck angles was done in both computer models and 3D-printed models. Our results showed that 3D-printed models achieved high accuracy and provided the physical measurements, when compared to the computer models could not confirm. Neck angulations related to uncomplicated DHS surgery ranged between 129°-139°, and non-deformity of normal neck angles ranged between 120°-135°. Our study indicated that patient-specific 3D printed femoral head models provide useful information for medical education and assist DHS surgery. Further research based on a large sample size is necessary.
A Note On Problems of Estimating the Linear Expenditure System and Its Related Forms
Creators: name: Fisher, Gordon
name: McAleer, Michael
name: Whistler, Diana
name: Fisher, Gordon
name: McAleer, Michael
name: Whistler, Diana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: In this note estimates are presented of the Linear Expenditure System (LES), the Extended Linear Expenditure System (ELES) and the Extended Linear Expenditure System with Durables (DELES), under each of two alternative error specifications. Seasonally adjusted, quarterly Australian data for the period 1959(4) - 1976(2) are used. The main purpose is to gauge the contribution of DELES to the family of linear expenditure systems. Three practical matters are emphasized: (i) sensitivity to error specification; (ii) the role of a priori fixed decay rates in achieving numerical convergence in estimation; and (iii) numerical identification of the subjective time-preference and market interest rate parameters. The last of these turns out to be most important in determining the limiting properties of the model and in appraising the practical viability of DELES vis-a-vis the other two members of the LES family.
Validation of a deep learning mammography model in a population with low screening rates
Creators: name: Wu, Kevin
name: Wu, Eric
name: Wu, Yaping
name: Tan, Hongna
name: Sorensen, Greg
name: Wang, Meiyun
name: Lotter, Bill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A key promise of AI applications in healthcare is in increasing access to quality medical care in under-served populations and emerging markets. However, deep learning models are often only trained on data from advantaged populations that have the infrastructure and resources required for large-scale data collection. In this paper, we aim to empirically investigate the potential impact of such biases on breast cancer detection in mammograms. We specifically explore how a deep learning algorithm trained on screening mammograms from the US and UK generalizes to mammograms collected at a hospital in China, where screening is not widely implemented. For the evaluation, we use a top-scoring model developed for the Digital Mammography DREAM Challenge. Despite the change in institution and population composition, we find that the model generalizes well, exhibiting similar performance to that achieved in the DREAM Challenge, even when controlling for tumor size. We also illustrate a simple but effective method for filtering predictions based on model variance, which can be particularly useful for deployment in new settings. While there are many components in developing a clinically effective system, these results represent a promising step towards increasing access to life-saving screening mammography in populations where screening rates are currently low.
Additional file 2 of Ticagrelor and preconditioning in patients with stable coronary artery disease (TAPER-S): a randomized pilot clinical trial
Creators: name: D. D’Amario
name: A. Restivo
name: A. M. Leone
name: R. Vergallo
name: S. Migliaro
name: F. Canonico
name: M. Galli
name: C. Trani
name: F. Burzotta
name: C. Aurigemma
name: G. Niccoli
name: A. Buffon
name: R. A. Montone
name: A. Flex
name: F. Franceschi
name: G. Tinelli
name: U. Limbruno
name: F. Francese
name: I. Ceccarelli
name: J. A. Borovac
name: I. Porto
name: F. Crea
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist.
A three-dimensional scalar field theory model of center vortices and its relation to k-string tensions
Creators: name: Cornwall, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In d=3 SU(N) gauge theory, we study a scalar field theory model of center vortices that furnishes an approach to the determination of so-called k-string tensions. This model is constructed from string-like quantum solitons introduced previously, and exploits the well-known relation between string partition functions and scalar field theories in d=3. Center vortices corresponding to magnetic flux J (in units of 2π/N) are composites of J elementary J=1 constituent vortices that come in N-1 types, with repulsion between like constituents and attraction between unlike constituents. The scalar field theory involves N scalar fields ϕ_i (one of which is eliminated) that can merge, dissociate, and recombine while conserving flux mod N. The properties of these fields are deduced directly from the corresponding gauge-theory quantum solitons. Every vacuum Feynman graph of the theory corresponds to a real-space configuration of center vortices. We study qualitatively the problem of k-string tensions at large N, whose solution is far from obvious in center-vortex language. We construct a simplified dynamical picture of constituent-vortex merging, dissociation, and recombination, which allows in principle for the determination of vortex areal densities and k-string tensions. This picture involves point-like "molecules" (cross-sections of center vortices) made of constituent "atoms" that combine and disassociate dynamically in a d=2 test plane . The vortices evolve in a Euclidean "time" which is the location of the test plane along an axis perpendicular to the plane. A simple approximation to the molecular dynamics is compatible with k-string tensions that are linear in k for k<< N, as naively expected.
description: 21 pages; RevTeX4; 4 .eps figures
ROMARI: How to analyze international agricultural research investment decisions
Creators: name: Kruseman, G.
name: Li, H.
name: Pixley, K.
name: Kruseman, G.
name: Li, H.
name: Pixley, K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Real options theory

description: This paper presents a new modeling framework for using real options theory to address agricultural research investment decisions. Because of the long lead-time between research and deployment of technology in farmers’ fields, there is a lot of uncertainty involved in the research process. The uncertainty springs from uncertainty in exogenous events, uncertainty in the outcomes of research processes, and the interaction between this uncertainty. Moreover, there are numerous actors involved in the research domain, whose decisions influence each other. The paper presents the state of the ongoing research.
Bargaining and Contract Choice: Evidence from Informal Groundwater Contracts
Creators: name: Yashodha, Y.
name: Yashodha, Y.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Output-shared contract
subject: Fixed-price contract
subject: Lab-in-field experiment
subject: Random parameter model

description: Informal market arrangements are often in place when formal institutions are too weak to establish a formal mechanism for resource allocation. In this paper, we study informal groundwater contracts in India, in particular, the bargaining power of sellers and buyers. We conduct an economic experiment with actual buyers and sellers of groundwater contracts, where agents make a series of choices between output-shared and fixed-price contracts, first individually and then jointly. Output-shared contracts are chosen more often when the decision is joint. Further, the likelihood of choosing an output-shared contract depends on the relative risk preferences of sellers and buyers. Sellers have a strong influence in deciding the joint contract. However, buyers’ bargaining power increases when they share interpersonal relationships with sellers, such as kinship ties, or have a long contractual history together.
No chill : Heat-related student stress in varied classroom occupancy
Creators: name: Lin, Fengyu
name: Qin, Tiffany
name: Tsuyuki, Miranda
name: Wang, Amy
name: You, Shuhan
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Our group did a study based on the research question “How does classroom occupancy influence students’ well-being during extreme summer weather?” We initially hypothesized that higher occupancy classroom on campus will have greater negative impact on students’ well-being. We used a within-in-subject design and measured participants' well-being in five aspects (anxious, hot, stressed, comfortable, and relaxed). We got 90 participants who answered the survey and one-way repeated ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of the room occupancy on the perception of anxiety, hot, stress, comfortable, and relaxed levels in extremely hot weather. Our results strongly supported our hypothesis, and 110 (44% occupancy) was a cutoff point where there was a significant increase or decrease depending on whether it is a positive or negative aspect. Therefore, we came to the conclusion that universities should limit the room occupancy to 110(44%) during extreme heatwave conditions in summer, and cooling Interventions could also be a potential resolution. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Semi-flexible chain condensation by neutral depleting agents: role of correlations between depletants
Creators: name: Castelnovo, M.
name: Gelbart, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of semi-flexible chain condensation by neutral depleting agents (e.g. colloidal spheres or flexible polymers) by using a simple formalism that allows us to address its main features without specifying the kind of depleting agents. Correlations between depleting agents are shown to produce a reswelling of the chain at high enough volume fraction, consistent with an earlier analysis by Grosberg et al. (Biopolymers, 21:2413, 1982) in the context of DNA condensation induced by neutral polymers. It is also shown that the conditions under which spherical colloids can condense a semi-flexible chain are strongly restrictive, unlike what has been recently claimed. The formalism allows us to compare the efficiency of colloids vs polymers as condensing agents.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Macromolecules