cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Age-related loss of morphologic responses to pilocarpine in rhesus monkey ciliary muscle
Creators: name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Kaufman, P. L.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Administration, Topical
subject: Aging/physiology
subject: Animals
subject: Atropine/pharmacology
subject: Macaca mulatta
subject: Muscle Contraction/drug effects
subject: Oculomotor Muscles/physiology
subject: Pilocarpine/pharmacology

description: Ciliary muscle topography and connective tissue distribution were studied by light microscopy in atropinized, pilocarpinized, or untreated eyes from rhesus monkeys of various ages. With age, the connective tissue ground plate between ciliary muscle and ciliary processes thickens, while there is very little increase in connective tissue within the ciliary muscle. With age, the atropinized muscle becomes shorter and smaller in area while it remains unchanged in width and position. In pilocarpinized eyes, the ciliary muscle is shorter, narrower, smaller in longitudinal and total area (ie, more circular and compact), and positioned more anteriorly than in contralateral atropinized eyes. These contractile responses to pilocarpine diminish with age at a rate similar to that for accommodative decline. According to these topographic findings, physicians seeking the pathophysiologic characteristics of presbyopia, which occurs in humans and rhesus monkeys on a comparable relative time scale, should redirect their attention toward the ciliary muscle.
Tugas Hukum Tata Negara - The Problem Posed by a Large State
Creators: name: Sari, Silvi Fatika
name: Yanti Permata Sari
name: Arifiah Nurinda
name: Oktaviano Parulian
name: Abrar, Atallah
name: Rifqi Hasan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Tugas Kelompok Hukum Tata Negara Kelas S - Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya The Problem Posed by a Large State Diadopsi dari buku The Constitution of Ancient China oleh Su Li
Time domain boundary elements for elastodynamic contact
Creators: name: Aimi, Alessandra
name: Di Credico, Giulia
name: Gimperlein, Heiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This article proposes a boundary element method for the dynamic contact between a linearly elastic body and a rigid obstacle. The Signorini contact problem is formulated as a variational inequality for the Poincaré-Steklov operator for the elastodynamic equations on the boundary, which is solved in a mixed formulation using boundary elements in the time domain. We obtain an a priori estimate for the resulting Galerkin approximations. Numerical experiments confirm the stability and convergence of the proposed method for the contact problem in flat and curved two-dimensional geometries, as well as for moving obstacles.
description: 29 pages, 17 figures, to appear in Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering
Morphological study of the anterior segment of cynomolgus monkey eyes following treatment with prostaglandin F2 alpha
Creators: name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Animals
subject: Anterior Eye Segment/pathology
subject: Ciliary Body/pathology
subject: Dinoprost/pharmacology
subject: Macaca fascicularis

description: Topically applied prostaglandin F2 alpha has been shown to lower intraocular pressure in cynomolgus monkeys. In this study the morphological changes, following topical treatment with 4-50 micrograms of prostaglandin F2 alpha for 4-8 days, were investigated. Semiquantitation of (1) accumulation of white blood cells as one sign of inflammation, (2) edema and (3) enlarged spaces between ciliary muscle cells were performed. Eighty sections per eye encompassing the whole circumference were investigated. No accumulation of white blood cells was seen in any of the eyes. Slight edema in the most anterior part of the ciliary processes occurred in most eyes, but only in part of the circumference. These changes could be either directly induced by the prostaglandin treatment or secondary to the decrease in intraocular pressure. The most pronounced change was the dilatation of the intramuscular spaces. These enlarged spaces could explain the physiologically shown increase in uveoscleral outflow.
Theory-independent limits on correlations from generalised Bayesian networks
Creators: name: Henson, Joe
name: Lal, Raymond
name: Pusey, Matthew F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian networks provide a powerful tool for reasoning about probabilistic causation, used in many areas of science. They are, however, intrinsically classical. In particular, Bayesian networks naturally yield the Bell inequalities. Inspired by this connection, we generalise the formalism of classical Bayesian networks in order to investigate non-classical correlations in arbitrary causal structures. Our framework of `generalised Bayesian networks' replaces latent variables with the resources of any generalised probabilistic theory, most importantly quantum theory, but also, for example, Popescu-Rohrlich boxes. We obtain three main sets of results. Firstly, we prove that all of the observable conditional independences required by the classical theory also hold in our generalisation; to obtain this, we extend the classical $d$-separation theorem to our setting. Secondly, we find that the theory-independent constraints on probabilities can go beyond these conditional independences. For example we find that no probabilistic theory predicts perfect correlation between three parties using only bipartite common causes. Finally, we begin a classification of those causal structures, such as the Bell scenario, that may yield a separation between classical, quantum and general-probabilistic correlations.
description: 26+14 pages, many figures, code at http://www.mattpusey.uk/gdag/ v2: Various minor improvements, esp. to appendix A
Immigration, race & political polarization
Creators: name: Hout, Michael
name: Maggio, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Americans’ views of immigration are substantially more positive than political discourse since 2010 might suggest. And they are becoming more positive. So too are Whites’ views of Blacks, as racial resentment declined from 2010 to 2018. Views of immigration and race became more correlated over the last twenty years. And both are more correlated with political party preference now than at any time on record. While Republicans’ views of immigration and their racial resentment have changed very little since 2010, Democrats’ views of immigration have become far more positive and their racial resentment has declined substantially. The consequences of these trends were borne out dramatically in the 2016 presidential election. In combination, the two attitudes predict well who voted for Trump and who voted for Clinton. These trends and correlations make clear that xenophobic Americans are not ascendant, they are desperate. The dynamics of race, immigration, and polarization tilt in favor of both more immigration and a more progressive view of racial disparities.
Satellite galaxies around present-day massive ellipticals
Creators: name: Ruiz, Pablo
name: Trujillo, Ignacio
name: Mármol-Queraltó, Esther
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the spectroscopic New York University Value-Added Galaxy Catalogue and the photometric photo-z catalogues of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we have explored the satellite distribution around ~1000 massive (M_star > 2x10^11 M_sun) visually classified elliptical galaxies down to a satellite mass ratio of 1:400 (i.e. 5x10^8 < M_sat < 2x10^11 M_sun). Our host galaxies were selected to be representative of a mass complete sample. The satellites of these galaxies were searched within a projected radial distance of 100 kpc to their hosts. We have found that only 20-23 per cent of the massive ellipticals have at least a satellite down to a mass ratio 1:10. This number increases to 45-52 per cent if we explore satellites down to 1:100 and is $>$60-70 per cent if we go further down to 1:400. The average projected radial distance of the satellites to their hosts is ~59 kpc (which can be decreased at least down to 50 kpc if we account for incompleteness effects). The number of satellites per galaxy host only increases very mildly at decreasing the satellite mass. The fraction of mass which is contained in the satellites down to a mass ratio of 1:400 is 8 per cent of the total mass contained by the hosts. Satellites with a mass ratio from 1:2 to 1:5 (with ~28 per cent of the total mass of the satellites) are the main contributor to the total satellite mass. If the satellites eventually infall into the host galaxies, the merger channel will be largely dominated by satellites with a mass ratio down to 1:10 (as these objects have 68 per cent of the total mass in satellites).
description: Version matching the published version. 15 pages, 10 figures. Comments are welcome
Complexity of the COVID-19 pandemic in Maringa
Creators: name: Sunahara, Andre S.
name: Pessa, Arthur A. B.
name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Ribeiro, Haroldo V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: While extensive literature exists on the COVID-19 pandemic at regional and national levels, understanding its dynamics and consequences at the city level remains limited. This study investigates the pandemic in Maringá, a medium-sized city in Brazil's South Region, using data obtained by actively monitoring the disease from March 2020 to June 2022. Despite prompt and robust interventions, COVID-19 cases increased exponentially during the early spread of COVID-19, with a reproduction number lower than that observed during the initial outbreak in Wuhan. Our research demonstrates the remarkable impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions on both mobility and pandemic indicators, particularly during the onset and the most severe phases of the emergency. However, our results suggest that the city's measures were primarily reactive rather than proactive. Maringá faced six waves of cases, with the third and fourth waves being the deadliest, responsible for over two-thirds of all deaths and overwhelming the local healthcare system. Excess mortality during this period exceeded deaths attributed to COVID-19, indicating that the burdened healthcare system may have contributed to increased mortality from other causes. By the end of the fourth wave, nearly three-quarters of the city's population had received two vaccine doses, significantly decreasing deaths despite the surge caused by the Omicron variant. Finally, we compare these findings with the national context and other similarly sized cities, highlighting substantial heterogeneities in the spread and impact of the disease.
description: 20 pages, 5 figures, supplementary information; accepted for publication in Scientific Reports
title: Anne Boden at Starling Bank: Disrupting an industry
Creators: name: Ibarra, Herminia
name: Alemany, Luisa
name: Mickshik, Nick
name: Mark, Ken
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: The case describes the start-up and evolution of UK-based digital bank Starling. Founded in 2014, Starling offered personal and business accounts, and lending products, promising a better customer-service experience, faster approvals and a more digital-friendly approach than traditional banks. By 2022, a European expansion was underway, along with plans to provide the bank's proprietary technology as software-as-a-service outside Europe and prepare for an IPO. The case analyses the leadership style of Starling's founder and highly atypical leader, Anne Boden, and the corporate culture established under her leadership.
description: LBS Case Code: CCS-22-006
Age changes in rhesus monkey ciliary muscle: light and electron microscopy
Creators: name: Lütjen-Drecoll, E.
name: Tamm, Ernst R.
name: Kaufman, P. L.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin
subject: Aging
subject: Animals
subject: Basement Membrane/ultrastructure
subject: Ciliary Body/ultrastructure
subject: Connective Tissue/ultrastructure
subject: Female
subject: Fetus
subject: Lysosomes/ultrastructure
subject: Macaca mulatta
subject: Male
subject: Microscopy, Electron
subject: Mitochondria/ultrastructure
subject: Muscle, Smooth/ultrastructure
subject: Nerve Endings/ultrastructure
subject: Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/ultrastructure
subject: Pigmentation

description: The ciliary muscle from 44 rhesus monkeys ranging in age from 137-day fetuses and a 3-week neonate to 35-year-old adults was studied by light and electron microscopy. In the fetuses and the neonate, the muscle cells appeared immature, and the muscle consisted mainly of longitudinally oriented fibers. By age 1 year, the muscle fibers were aggregated into bundles, and within each bundle the individual fibers were packed tightly together. In sagittal section, the muscle now exhibited longitudinal, reticular and circular portions. The individual muscle cells exhibited ultrastructural characteristics which set them apart from other smooth muscle cells. Age-related structural changes occurred in the ciliary muscle and intramuscular nerves, beginning at 6 years. These included increasing numbers of lysosomes, 'fingerprints', and the appearance of myelin figures within some nerve endings and nerve fibers. These alterations became more frequent and pronounced with age, and in elderly animals were seen in all regions of the muscle and around its entire circumference. Additionally, the elderly animals exhibited overt degeneration of some muscle cells and some myelinated nerve fibers. The time-course of these age-related structural neuromuscular alterations parallels the decline of functional accommodative amplitude (i.e. presbyopia) and of the ciliary muscle's configurational response to peripheral pharmacologic and central electrical stimulation. This suggests a pathophysiologic, albeit (given the relatively moderate overall abnormalities) not necessarily causal, relationship. An age-related increase in the number of pigmented cells between the ciliary muscle bundles also occurred, with the anterior longitudinal region being affected last. This might reflect an age-related decline in uveoscleral drainage of aqueous humor.
title: Ros Atkins and the 50:50 Project at the BBC (A)
Creators: name: Rattan, Aneeta
name: Georgeac, Oriane
name: Chilazi, Siri
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Ros Atkins, the presenter of the BBC's nightly primetime news programme Outside Source, had a distinguished and successful career at the BBC. Despite his successes as a journalist and presenter, however, he knew he was not living up to his own and the BBC's values and mission when it came to gender equality on his show. This had bothered him for years, but his positive intentions never seemed to translate into real changes toward equalising the representation of women and men on air. A car drive where Atkins spent an hour listening to a radio show with no female guests, paired with a leadership development trip to Silicon Valley, pushed him from intention into action and he decided to find a way to use data to drive change. This case study describes the idea that Atkins had, how he tested it on his own show and how he - after a few months of success - expanded it first throughout the BBC to over 500 content teams globally and then to more than 25 external partner organisations (and counting). The case offers an example of how transformative organisational change promoting gender diversity can come from an unexpected source and explores the personal, leadership and organisational challenges that emerge along the way.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-20-010
Mapping the stellar population and gas excitation of MaNGA galaxies with MEGACUBES. Results for AGN versus control sample
Creators: name: Riffel, Rogério
name: Mallmann, Nicolas D.
name: Rembold, Sandro B.
name: Ilha, Gabriele S.
name: Riffel, Rogemar A.
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
name: Ruschel-Dutra, Daniel
name: Vazdekis, Alexandre
name: Martín-Navarro, Ignacio
name: Schimoia, Jaderson S.
name: Almeida, Cristina Ramos
name: da Costa, Luiz N.
name: Vila-Verde, Glauber C.
name: Gatto, Lara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present spaxel-by-spaxel stellar population fits for the $\sim$10 thousand MaNGA datacubes. We provide multiple extension fits files, nominated as MEGACUBES, with maps of several properties as well as emission-line profiles that are provided for each spaxel. All the MEGACUBES are available through a web interface (\url{https://manga.linea.org.br/} or \url{http://www.if.ufrgs.br/~riffel/software/megacubes/}). We also defined a final Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) sample, as well as a control sample matching the AGN host galaxy properties. We have analysed the stellar populations and spatially resolved emission-line diagnostic diagrams of these AGNs and compared them with the control galaxies sample. We find that the relative fractions of young ($t \leq $56 Myr) and intermediate-age (100 Myr $\leq t \leq$ 2 Gyr) show predominantly a positive gradient for both AGNs and controls. The relative fraction of intermediate-age stellar population is higher in AGN hosts when compared to the control sample, and this difference becomes larger for higher [O III] luminosity AGNs. We attribute this to the fact that extra gas is available in these more luminous sources and that it most likely originates from mass-loss from the intermediate-age stars. The spatially resolved diagnostic diagrams reveal that the AGN emission is concentrated in the inner 0.5 $R_e$ (effective radius) region of the galaxies, showing that the AGN classification is aperture dependent and that emission-line ratios have to be taken together with the H$α$ equivalent width for proper activity classification. We present a composite ``BPT+WHAN" diagram that produces a more comprehensive mapping of the gas excitation.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; small typos corrected
title: Super Luxurious Auto (D)
Creators: name: Jacobides, Michael
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: Super Luxurious Auto (SLA) is a fictionalised case study based on a real engagement undertaken by Alvarez & Marsal (A&M) involving a complete financial and operational restructuring. The case is about a company unable to meet its debt obligations as a consequence of deteriorating financial performance following a global merger.The case sets up a class-room role-play discussion. In class, each student will take the role of one of the key stakeholders - senior lender, junior lender, private equity owner, distressed debt hedge fund, A&M or management. The case material includes general background material on the company and, separately, specific notes outlining the particular issues and concerns faced by each stakeholder. When preparing the case, students are required to consider the perspective of the particular stakeholder assigned to them in groups and determine the negotiation strategy. In class, the company's recent situation will be surveyed; this will then be followed by a negotiation between the stakeholders as to what to do.Students are encouraged to read all the material, including all the role briefings, but are required to pay particular attention to the general briefing notes and the specific notes for the role assigned to them.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-16-023
Pre-processing for approximate Bayesian computation in image analysis
Creators: name: Moores, Matthew T.
name: Drovandi, Christopher C.
name: Mengersen, Kerrie
name: Robert, Christian P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; I.4.6; I.5.1
subject: 62F15

description: Most of the existing algorithms for approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) assume that it is feasible to simulate pseudo-data from the model at each iteration. However, the computational cost of these simulations can be prohibitive for high dimensional data. An important example is the Potts model, which is commonly used in image analysis. Images encountered in real world applications can have millions of pixels, therefore scalability is a major concern. We apply ABC with a synthetic likelihood to the hidden Potts model with additive Gaussian noise. Using a pre-processing step, we fit a binding function to model the relationship between the model parameters and the synthetic likelihood parameters. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the precomputed binding function dramatically improves the scalability of ABC, reducing the average runtime required for model fitting from 71 hours to only 7 minutes. We also illustrate the method by estimating the smoothing parameter for remotely sensed satellite imagery. Without precomputation, Bayesian inference is impractical for datasets of that scale.
description: 5th IMS-ISBA joint meeting (MCMSki IV)
title: Simon Cohen (B)
Creators: name: Mullins, John
name: Gubbins, Darice
name: Walker, John
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This is part of a case series. Simon Cohen parked his Acura SUV outside his Monterrey office, let the fingerprint scanner check his ID to open the door, and jogged upstairs past the huge poster showing containers and cranes at the port of Manzanillo. He paused for a moment in the company's boardroom. Here, a week earlier he had agreed with his business partners how they would restructure the company's ownership, and build on the success of the last 10 years. 'How could Thomas change his mind?' he wondered. Simon shook his head and strode into his office, wondering what to do. Over the previous 10 years, Simon and his three business partners - his brother Jose, Manfred Jaekel and Thomas Kroeger - had built up a successful freight forwarding business, with offices in Monterrey and Guadalajara. Manfred and Thomas ran their own separate, and longer-established branch in Mexico City. Simon had won some large, multinational customers, and had benefited from the increase in imports from China. By focusing on customer service, and by building up a hard-working team, he had grown bigger than the original Mexico City operation. There had been some friction over the years, but Manfred had proposed combining the companies into a group, and after some negotiation a verbal agreement had been struck on 15 August 2007. But, a week later, Thomas had phoned to say that he would not go ahead with the deal they had agreed. Simon was forced to reconsider his options.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-11-013
title: Raising capital for Financial Butler (C)
Creators: name: Bikard, Michael
name: Stroube, Bryan
name: Mark, Ken
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: This case focuses on Nick Hungerford's attempt to raise capital for his FinTech start-up, Financial Butler, (later renamed Nutmeg). The concept is a digital platform offering a revolutionary, transparent and fair service to an 'untapped' market segment currently not served by wealth managers, 'democratising' access to quality financial advice for individuals. The case describes how the protagonist evaluates the opportunity, creates a strategy to raise funding for the business and reacts to obstacles in his path to creating a FinTech firm. It is split into three parts. The 'A' case provides the background to the venture, data on the industry and market and examples of Hungerford's first pitch. The 'B' case reveals that Hungerford's many pitches have ended in failure, obliging him to refine his approach; the 'C' case reveals how he finally achieved success on his 48th pitch to a venture capital firm.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-17-009
Democrazia, lavoro, diritti/doveri: i valori fondamentali della Costituzione
Creators: name: Cangiotti, Marco
Publisher: name: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche
Year: 2019

description: L’articolo riflette filosoficamente sui tre valori fondamentali della Costituzione italiana, democrazia, lavoro, rapporto fra diritti e doveri. L’autore sostiene la tesi interpretativa che il fondamento del valore della democrazia sia una antropologia filosofica personalistica e che il valore del lavoro vada compreso alla luce della categoria della cultura intesa come edificazione del mondo umano. L’articolo prosegue affermando che se democrazia e lavoro rappresentano la “semantica” della Costituzione, il nesso indisgiungibile fra diritti e doveri ne rappresenta la necessaria “sintassi” senza della quale i due termini rimarrebbero inarticolati e inespressivi. La vigorosa ripresa di tali “semantica” e “sintassi” è ciò di cui ha bisogno la politica italiana contemporanea.

 The article reflects on the three fundamental values of the Italian Constitution: Democracy, Work, Relationship between Rights and Duties. The Author supports the interpretative thesis that the foundation of the value of Democracy is a personalistic anthropology and that the value of Work must be included in the category of culture as building the human World. The article continues that whether Democracy and Work represent the “semantics” of the Constitution, the framework between rights and Duties represents the necessary “syntax” without which the two terms should really inarticulate and inexpressive. The vigorious recovery of this “semantics” and “syntax” is which the italian contemporary Policy needs.
description: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche, V. 69, N. 1-2 (2018)
Ascertaining the ideality of photometric stereo datasets under unknown lighting
Creators: name: Crabu, Elisa
name: Pes, Federica
name: Rodriguez, Giuseppe
name: Tanda, Giuseppa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The standard photometric stereo model makes several assumptions that are rarely verified in experimental datasets. In particular, the observed object should behave as a Lambertian reflector and the light sources should be positioned at an infinite distance from it, along a known direction. Even when Lambert's law is approximately fulfilled, an accurate assessment of the relative position between the light source and the target is often unavailable in real situations. The Hayakawa procedure is a computational method for estimating such information directly from the data images. It occasionally breaks down when some of the available images excessively deviate from ideality. This is generally due to observing a non Lambertian surface, or illuminating it from a close distance, or both. Indeed, in narrow shooting scenarios, typical, e.g., of archaeological excavation sites, it is impossible to position a flashlight at a sufficient distance from the observed surface. It is then necessary to understand if a given dataset is reliable and which images should be selected to better reconstruct the target. In this paper, we propose some algorithms to perform this task and explore their effectiveness.
Analysis of total urinary catecholamines by liquid chromatography: methodology, routine experience and clinical interpretations of results
Creators: name: Schleicher, E. D.
name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Wieland, O. H.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Catecholamines/urine
subject: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
subject: Chromatography, Ion Exchange
subject: Dopamine/urine
subject: Epinephrine/urine
subject: Humans
subject: Norepinephrine/urine
subject: Pheochromocytoma/urine
subject: Spectrometry, Fluorescence

description: A simple routine method is described for simultaneous assay of total urinary adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine. The catecholamines are pre-purified on a small ion-exchange column, separated by reversed phase ion-pair liquid chromatography, and are quantitated by electrochemical detection. The method was routinely applied to 422 urines. Elevated values were found in four urine specimens obtained from patients with histologically proven phaeochromocytomas. Virtually no interference by endogenous or exogenous compounds was found. Values for urinary catecholamines determined by fluorimetric analysis agreed with those obtained by high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Within-day CVs for the compounds ranged from 5.2-11.9%, between-day CVs from 3.3-6.6%. The normal range (95% confidence level) was 20-230 micrograms/24 h for noradrenaline and 1-35 micrograms/24 h for adrenaline.
title: Takeda: The Governance of Strategic Transformation (A) (Japanese)
Creators: name: Korine, Harry
name: Asakawa, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: The case series describes strategic transformation at Takeda, the largest Japanese pharmaceutical company, with a special focus on the R&D function. Since 2015, the 237-year-old industry doyen has narrowed its strategic focus from six to three therapeutic areas, reorganised its global R&D footprint around one Japanese and two US sites, and engaged in over 180 new partnerships across multiple modalities of drug discovery around the world. The pipeline of new drugs, a key gauge of future growth, has shifted from 7% partner-based pre-transformation to approximately 45% partner-based today, and an entrepreneurial, geocentric way of working has taken hold. At Takeda, a generation's worth of strategic transformation has been compressed into three years. From the outset of the transformation process, outgoing Chairman Yasu Hasegawa and incoming CEO Christophe Weber made it a point to sound out major shareholders and engage candidly with the union, working with different stakeholders to find novel organisational solutions. Once plans crystallised in 2016, Hasegawa and Weber moved to reconstitute the board of directors, changing its composition and renegotiating its modus operandi to further strategic dialogue. During the course of the same year, the executive team was recast around people s'“ internal and external s'“ who had the skills and the mindset to take the company forward on its new path. Early in 2017, executives finally initiated a review and adjustment of existing structures in R&D, particularly as they pertained to the burgeoning partnership portfolio. In other words, Takeda stands out not only as a rare example of a large company reinventing itself, but also as a case that illustrates the importance of proactively addressing the governance of transformation.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-18-24-JPN
Cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime in human bile
Creators: name: Kees, Frieder K.
name: Strehl, E.
name: Dominiak, P.
name: Grobecker, H.
name: Seeger, K.
name: Seidel, G.
name: Neuhaus, B.
name: Safrany, L.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 1983
Subjects: subject: 615 Pharmazie
subject: Adult
subject: Aged
subject: Bacteria/drug effects
subject: Bile/metabolism
subject: Biological Assay
subject: Cefotaxime/pharmacology
subject: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
subject: Female
subject: Humans
subject: Immunodiffusion
subject: Male
subject: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
subject: Middle Aged

description: Ten patients were injected with 2 g cefotaxime i. v. The antibacterial activity in the bile was measured by the agar diffusion test and the concentrations of cefotaxime and desacetyl cefotaxime were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The values found allow the use of cefotaxime in infectious biliary diseases.
title: Andrew Thornton: Putting Heart into Business
Creators: name: Peterson, Randall
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: At the age of 42, in the midst of a successful and lucrative career as the owner of an international retail consultancy, Andrew Thornton realised he had nothing more to give to his business. He quit the agency in 2006 and used his buy-out money as a down-payment for two Budgens supermarkets in north London. When profits at one store fell in 2010, he reached crisis point. With a deep conviction that companies should have a broader focus than profit alone, he founded Heart in Business, a consultancy focused on unlocking the potential of employees, and used his Belsize Park store as a testing ground. By 2016, like-for-like sales were growing at 5% - while neighbouring stores' figures were in decline - and the average length of service at Thornton's Budgens was 54% longer than that of the control store. Andrew's conviction that freeing people's potential and creativity delivers tangible business results now had strong evidence to support it: his sales figures provided that. But even better evidence was on the way, from the global assessment and training organisation BEING at Full Potential , whose Human Potential Assessment tool measured how much human potential the store was utilising and compared it to a'control' store in a neighbouring postcode. Thornton's Budgens rated higher on every single measure.Through investing in his people with specialised coaching, Andrew had won not just their dedication, engagement and commitment, but their whole hearts and minds. By purposely trying to weave authenticity, cohesion, empathy, self-leadership, enquiry and creativity into every fibre of the business, Andrew not only raised levels of engagement - and profit as a result - but ignited the spirits of all who worked for him. In fact, it was precisely the harnessing and utilisation of his people's passions that led to their increased productivity.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-18-010
A new multiresolution finite element method based on a multiresolution quadrilateral plate element
Creators: name: Xia, YiMing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A new multiresolution quadrilateral plate element is proposed and a multiresolution finite element method is hence presented. The multiresolution analysis (MRA) framework is formulated out of a mutually nesting displacement subspace sequence, whose basis functions are constructed of scaling and shifting on the element domain of basic node shape function. The basic node shape function is constructed by extending shape function around a specific node. The MRA endows the proposed element with the resolution level (RL) to adjust the element node number, thus modulating structural analysis accuracy accordingly. As a result, the traditional 4-node quadrilateral plate element and method is a monoresolution one and also a special case of the proposed element and method. The meshing for the monoresolution plate element model is based on the empiricism while the RL adjusting for the multiresolution is laid on the rigorous mathematical basis. The accuracy of a structural analysis is actually determined by the RL, not by the mesh. The rational MRA enable the implementation of the multiresolution element method to be more rational and efficient than that of the conventional monoresolution plate element method or other corresponding MRA methods such as the wavelet finite element method, the meshfree method, and the natural element method etc.
description: 17 pages
Jet Shape Resummation Using Soft-Collinear Effective Theory
Creators: name: Chien, Yang-Ting
name: Vitev, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The jet shape is a classic jet substructure observable that probes the average transverse energy profile inside a reconstructed jet. The studies of jet shapes in proton-proton collisions have served as precision tests of perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). They have also recently become the baseline for studying the in-medium modification of parton showers in ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions. The jet shape is a function of two angular parameters $R$ and $r$, which can be at hierarchical scales. Its calculation suffers from large logarithms of the ratio between the two scales, and these phase space logarithms can conveniently be resummed in the framework of soft-collinear effective theory (SCET). We find that, up to power corrections, the integral jet shape can be expressed in a factorized form which involves only the ratio between two jet energy functions. Resummation is performed at next-to-leading logarithmic order using renormalization-group evolution techniques. Comparisons to jet shape measurements at the LHC are presented to verify the dominant role of the collinear parton shower and to identify the kinematic region in which power-suppressed soft modes and non-perturbative effects may play a role.
description: 20 pages, 6 figures; v2: published version in JHEP
Alcune considerazioni sulla democrazia in ambito internazionale nel confronto tra Oriente e Occidente. Le peculiarità della Russia
Creators: name: Del Vecchio, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche
Year: 2019

description: La democrazia secondo l’impostazione occidentale euro-americana e il confronto con l’orientalismo, la dichiarazione dell’UNESCO sulla diversità culturale. La democrazia quale governo del potere pubblico e visibile. Il problema dell’educazione alla democrazia. Democrazia e potere invisibile. L’educazione alla democrazia, terrorismo e migrazioni. La democrazia nel confronto tra Oriente e Occidente, le peculiarità della Russia. Il conflitto russo-ucraino. Lo scisma che condusse alla separazione della cristianità ortodossa. L’enigma della Russia. La c.d. ‘russofobia’e le sue motivazioni. Considerazioni finali relative all’attuazione di una democrazia. La convenzione dell’ONU e la posizione dell’Islam nei confronti delle donne.

 Democracy according to the Western Euro-American approach and the comparison with the Orientalism, the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity. Democracy as a government of public and visible power. The problem of education to democracy. Democracy and invisible power. Education to democracy, terrorism and migrations. Differences between East and West democracy, peculiarities of Russia’s system. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict. The Schism that led to the separation of the Christian Orthodox and the Roman Church. The enigma of Russia. The “Russophobia” and its reasons. Final considerations about implementation of a democratic government. The UN Convention and the Islamic conception of women.
description: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche, V. 69, N. 1-2 (2018)
PDF reweighting in the Hessian matrix approach
Creators: name: Paukkunen, Hannu
name: Zurita, Pia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce the Hessian reweighting of parton distribution functions (PDFs). Similarly to the better-known Bayesian methods, its purpose is to address the compatibility of new data and the quantitative modifications they induce within an existing set of PDFs. By construction, the method discussed here applies to the PDF fits that carried out a Hessian error analysis using a non-zero tolerance $Δχ^2$. The principle is validated by considering a simple, transparent example. We are also able to establish an agreement with the Bayesian technique provided that the tolerance criterion is appropriately accounted for and that a purely exponential Bayesian likelihood is assumed. As a practical example, we discuss the inclusive jet production at the LHC.
description: The final version, to appear in JHEP
Harmonic to anharmonic tuning of moiré potential leading to unconventional Stark effect and giant dipolar repulsion in WS$_2$/WSe$_2$ heterobilayer
Creators: name: Chatterjee, Suman
name: Dandu, Medha
name: Dasika, Pushkar
name: Biswas, Rabindra
name: Das, Sarthak
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Raghunathan, Varun
name: Majumdar, Kausik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Excitonic states trapped in harmonic moiré wells of twisted heterobilayers is an intriguing testbed. However, the moiré potential is primarily governed by the twist angle, and its dynamic tuning remains a challenge. Here we demonstrate anharmonic tuning of moiré potential in a WS$_2$/WSe$_2$ heterobilayer through gate voltage and optical power. A gate voltage can result in a local in-plane perturbing field with odd parity around the high-symmetry points. This allows us to simultaneously observe the first (linear) and second (parabolic) order Stark shift for the ground state and first excited state, respectively, of the moiré trapped exciton - an effect opposite to conventional quantum-confined Stark shift. Depending on the degree of confinement, these excitons exhibit up to twenty-fold gate-tunability in the lifetime ($100$ to $5$ ns). Also, exciton localization dependent dipolar repulsion leads to an optical power-induced blueshift of $\sim$1 meV/$μ$W - a five-fold enhancement over previous reports.
description: Accepted in Nature Communications
Un’introduzione sui mercati di Roma
Creators: name: Giomaro, Anna Maria
Publisher: name: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche
Year: 2019

description: Le pagine che seguono riprendono, corretto ed ampliato, il discorso di una premessa o relazione introduttiva al I Convegno di presentazione dei risultati della ricerca su «Economia di mercato e diritto dei mercati nell’età antica, moderna e contemporanea», progetto di ricerca del Dipartimento di Giurisprudenza di Urbino proposto da Antonio Cantaro, Elisabetta Righini, Marina Frunzio, tenuto a Urbino il 16 marzo 2017. Il primo steep, in discussione nel Convegno suddetto, riguardava il «Diritto dei mercati e mercanti nel Mediterraneo antico». Il testo, in forma più stringata, è destinato anche agli Atti relativi.

 This essay is the reworking, with some additions, of the speech (or introductory report) within the First Conference of presentation of the accomplishments of the research project proposed by Antonio Cantaro, Elisabetta Righini, Marina Frunzio about «Economia di mercato e diritto dei mercati nell’età antica, moderna e contemporanea» (Urbino, March 16th, 2017). In particular, the discussion was about «Diritto dei mercati e mercanti nel Mediterraneo antico». The text, in a concise form, is also in the Records of the Conference.
description: Studi Urbinati, A - Scienze giuridiche, politiche ed economiche, V. 69, N. 1-2 (2018)
title: Jack Ma at Alibaba: Building a Learning Organisation
Creators: name: Ibarra, Herminia
name: Spungin, Jessica
Publisher: name: London Business School
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: FOS: Economics and business
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In September 2018 Alibaba's co-founder and executive chairman, Jack Ma, announced his plans to step down from the $420 billion Chinese internet company to pursue philanthropy in education. The case describes the evolution of Alibaba's corporate strategy from Chinese e-commerce pioneer to a complex ecosystem that includes e-commerce, logistics, financial services and infrastructure services; alongside the evolution of the firm's mission, values, corporate culture, philosophy and iconic leader, Jack Ma. The case was designed to accompany the documentary film about Alibaba, Crocodile on the Yangtze, which chronicles the early days of Alibaba through to its victorious battle with eBay in China.
description: LBS Case Code: CS-19-004
Dissipative and Dispersive Optomechanics in a Nanocavity Torque Sensor
Creators: name: Wu, Marcelo
name: Hryciw, Aaron C.
name: Healey, Chris
name: Lake, David P.
name: Jayakumar, Harishankar
name: Freeman, Mark R.
name: Davis, John P.
name: Barclay, Paul E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dissipative and dispersive optomechanical couplings are experimentally observed in a photonic crystal split-beam nanocavity optimized for detecting nanoscale sources of torque. Dissipative coupling of up to approximately $500$ MHz/nm and dispersive coupling of $2$ GHz/nm enable measurements of sub-pg torsional and cantilever-like mechanical resonances with a thermally-limited torque detection sensitivity of 1.2$\times 10^{-20} \text{N} \, \text{m}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ in ambient conditions and 1.3$\times 10^{-21} \text{N} \, \text{m}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$ in low vacuum. Interference between optomechanical coupling mechanisms is observed to enhance detection sensitivity and generate a mechanical-mode-dependent optomechanical wavelength response.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures