cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Continuity in Antenatal Care: Exploring Perceptions of Care and Emotional Experiences
Creators: name: Grierson, Shelley
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Health psychology
Feminist methodologies
Feminist theory
Psychosocial aspects of childbirth and perinatal mental health

description: Qualitative research of 6 women's experiences of antenatal continuity of care in the NHS.
Additional file 9 of Exploring the contribution of case study research to the evidence base for occupational therapy: a scoping review
Creators: name: McQuaid, Leona
name: Thomson, Katie
name: Bannigan, Katrina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 9. Heat map contrasting population characteristics of age and diagnosis categories. Numbers and shading represent number of studies.
Problematic Substance Use among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Young Adults during COVID-19
Creators: name: Haik, Amanda K.
name: Hussong, Andrea M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Sexual minority young adults (SMYAs), compared to heterosexual young adults (HYAs), are a uniquely high-risk population for problematic substance use, a disparity perhaps exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study tested whether SMYAs had more problematic substance use than HYAs during the pandemic due to isolation and loneliness as well as lower family closeness. Participants (N = 141) aged 23–29 completed self-report surveys in 2014–2015 as college students and in the summer of 2021 as young adults (59% White, 26% Black/African American, 9% Asian/Middle Eastern, 6% Hispanic/Latino, and <1% American Indian/Alaska Native). Results of multivariate regression and multiple group path analyses did not support hypothesized effects—SMYAs did not have greater increases in problematic substance use compared to HYAs, isolation and loneliness were not significant mediators, and family closeness was not a significant moderator. However, SMYAs experienced a lack of social safety—increased loneliness and decreased family closeness—compared to HYAs. Further research is needed to investigate both the impact and underlying processes of this decreased social safety on SMYA well-being beyond the pandemic to better inform tailored supports and interventions.
Molecular architecture of the kinetochore-microtubule attachment site is conserved between point and regional centromeres
Creators: name: Bloom, Kerry S.
name: Berman, Judith
name: Joglekar, Ajit P.
name: Salmon, E.D.
name: Wan, Yakun
name: Bouck, David
name: He, Xiangwei
name: Finley, Ken
name: Liu, Xingkun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Point and regional centromeres specify a unique site on each chromosome for kinetochore assembly. The point centromere in budding yeast is a unique 150-bp DNA sequence, which supports a kinetochore with only one microtubule attachment. In contrast, regional centromeres are complex in architecture, can be up to 5 Mb in length, and typically support many kinetochore-microtubule attachments. We used quantitative fluorescence microscopy to count the number of core structural kinetochore protein complexes at the regional centromeres in fission yeast and Candida albicans. We find that the number of CENP-A nucleosomes at these centromeres reflects the number of kinetochore-microtubule attachments instead of their length. The numbers of kinetochore protein complexes per microtubule attachment are nearly identical to the numbers in a budding yeast kinetochore. These findings reveal that kinetochores with multiple microtubule attachments are mainly built by repeating a conserved structural subunit that is equivalent to a single microtubule attachment site.
Psychosocial interventions for autistic children and adolescents delivered by non-specialists in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review
Creators: name: Cruz C.M.
name: Dukpa C.
name: Matergia M.
name: Daniel C.
name: Rai R.P.
name: Cherewick M.
name: Giri P.
name: Shrestha C.C.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media SA
Year: 2023

description: Background: Most autistic individuals reside in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) and have limited access to medical providers and specialists. Support for delivery of psychosocial interventions by non-specialists is growing to address this mental health care gap. This scoping review involved a systematic analysis of studies of non-specialist delivered psychosocial interventions for children and adolescents diagnosed with autism and living in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: The primary objective of this review was to identify psychosocial interventions for autistic children and adolescents in LMIC delivered by non-specialists (parent, teacher, peer, community, multi-level) and to summarize resulting effects on targeted outcomes. The search strategy was completed in four databases with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The systematic search generated 3,601 articles. A total of 18 studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data extraction was completed, and results summarized by; (1) participant sample; (2) intervention procedures; (3) implementation by non-specialists; (4) effect on evaluated outcomes; and (5) assessment of risk of bias. Studies examined a range of child and adolescent outcomes including assessment of communication skills, social skills, motor skills, functional and adaptive behaviors, emotional regulation, attention and engagement, sensory challenges, depression, anxiety, and quality of life. Several studies also evaluated intervention effects on family relationships, parent/caregiver stress and parent/caregiver mental health. Results: Collectively, the 18 studies included a total of 952 ASC participants ranging in age from 2 to 16 years. Of the included studies, 8 studies were parent/caregiver-mediated, 1 study was peer-mediated, 2 studies were teacher-mediated, and 7 studies included multi-level non-specialist mediated components. Effects on evaluated outcomes are reported. Conclusion: Non-specialist delivered interventions for autistic children and adolescents are effective for an array of outcomes and are particularly well suited for low- and middle-income countries. Implications for future research are discussed.
Electrokinetic Pumping And Energy Conversion At Nanoscales
Creators: name: Bakli, Chirodeep
name: Chakraborty, Suman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The integration of the coupling effects of intrinsic wettability and surface charge in a nanochannel can cause non-intuitive behavior in the electrokinetic energy conversion processes. We demonstrate that in a nanofluidic device the energy conversion efficiencies may get amplified with an increase in surface charge density, not perpetually, but only over a narrow regime of low surface charges, and may get significantly attenuated to reach a plateau beyond a threshold surface charging condition. This results from the complex interplay between fluid structuration and ionic transport within a charged interfacial layer. We explain the corresponding findings from our molecular dynamics simulations with the aid of a simple modified continuum based theory. We attribute our findings to the four-way integration of surface charge, interfacial slip, ionic transport, and the water molecule structuration. The consequent complex non-linear nature of the energy transfer characteristics may bear far-ranging scientific and technological implications towards design, synthesis and operation of nano-batteries which can supply power at scales of the range molecular dimensions.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures
title: The Origin of Basaltic Lava Flow Textures
Creators: name: Guilbaud, Marie-Noëlle
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2006

description: This study addresses the links between the surface morphologies, internal structure, and microtexture of basaltic lava flows. The AD 1783-84 Laki eruption in south Iceland produced a 600 km2 basaltic lava flow-field dominated by rubbly pāhoehoe surface morphology. Field observations and aerial photograph interpretation show that the lava surface gradually changed from spiny to slabby and then to rubbly along single flows through repetitive crust disruption at the active front. The rubble was compressed into ridges when lava advance was obstructed and during large lava surges that coincided with the opening of new eruptive fissures. Fluid lava was transported in an extensive network of tubes that formed within the flows.

Petrological study of Laki near-vent tephra and lava surface samples shows that, during the eruption, the magma lost ~ 1 wt. % of water during ascent, which induced melt undercooling and triggered groundmass crystallization. This caused an ~ 10% anorthite gap across plagioclase phenocrysts and drove considerable microlite formation (up to 30 vol.%) in the early stages of flow. It is estimated that fluid lava was transported from the vent to the most distal active front, 60 km from the vent, with cooling rates of < 0.5°C/km. Young lava flow-fields in the Reykjanes Peninsula (Iceland), and some flows from the flood basalts of the Columbia River Province (USA), have surface and internal structures intermediate between rubbly pāhoehoe and 'a'ā. The increasing size and decreasing number density of plagioclase microlites with increasing depth in these flows, as in the Laki lavas, indicate that solidification rates decreased sharply inwards. Differences between sections are attributed to variations in lava bulk composition and the transport mode, duration of emplacement, and interaction with surface water of the fluid lava. Pāhoehoe and 'a'ā have low and high plagioclase number densities respectively, with an inverse correlation with the average size and aspect ratio of plagioclases. Rubbly pāhoehoe lavas have intermediate characteristics. This correlation between lava surface morphologies and plagioclase textural characteristics provides a tool that may be useful for inferring eruption and emplacement processes from textural measurements of flow interiors in ancient basaltic lava flow-fields.
Perebutan Hak Warisan Tanah
Creators: name: simbolon, risky aulia fitri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Hak waris adalah hak yang dimiliki seseorang untuk menerima bagian dari harta peninggalan seseorang yang telah meninggal dunia, sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum yang berlaku. Hak ini berkaitan dengan pembagian harta warisan dari pewaris (orang yang meninggal) kepada ahli waris (orang yang berhak menerima harta tersebut).
Original CIN: reviewing roles for APC in chromosome instability
Creators: name: Peifer, Mark
name: Rusan, Nasser M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: You may have seen the bumper sticker “Eve was framed.” Thousands of years of being blamed for original sin and still many wonder, where's the evidence? Today, the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) may have the same complaint about accusations of a different type of CIN, chromosome instability. A series of recent papers, including three in this journal, propose that loss of APC function plays an important role in the CIN seen in many colon cancer cells. However, a closer look reveals a complex story that raises more questions than answers.
Public toilets have reduced enteric pathogen hazards in San Francisco
Creators: name: Holcomb, David A.
name: VanderYacht, Thomas
name: Graham, Jay
name: Amato, Heather K.
name: Capone, Drew
name: Clark, Ryan
name: Brown, Joe
name: Barker, Troy
name: Kim, Elizabeth
name: Henderson, Abigail
name: Pape, Jillian
name: Parker, Emily
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Uncontained fecal wastes in cities may present exposure risks to the public. We collected discarded feces from public spaces in San Francisco, CA for analysis by RT-qPCR for a range of enteric pathogens. Out of 59 samples, we found 12 (20%) were of human origin and 47 (80%) were non-human; 30 of 59 stools were positive for ≥1 of the 35 pathogens assessed, including pathogenic E. coli, Shigella, norovirus, Cryptosporidium, and Trichuris. Using quantitative enteric pathogen estimates and data on observed fecal waste from a public reporting system, we modeled pathogens removed from the environment attributable to a recently implemented program of public toilet construction. We estimated that each new public toilet reduced the annual number of enteric pathogens released into the immediate environment (within 500 m walking distance), including 6.3 x 1012 enteropathogenic E. coli (95% CI: 4.0 x 1012–7.9 x 1012), 3.2 x 1011 enteroaggregative E. coli (95% CI: 1.3 x 1011–6.3 x 1011), and 3.2 x 108 Shigella (6.3 x 107–2.5 x 109). Improving access to public sanitation can reduce enteric pathogen hazards in cities. Interventions must also consider the hygienic disposal of animal waste to reduce microbial hazards with zoonotic infection potential.
Hexagon-singlet solid ansatz for the spin-1 kagome antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Li, Wei
name: Weichselbaum, Andreas
name: von Delft, Jan
name: Tu, Hong-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a systematic investigation on the hexagon-singlet solid (HSS) states, which are a class of spin liquid candidates for the spin-1 kagome antiferromagnet. With the Schwinger boson representation, we show that all HSS states have exponentially decaying correlations and can be interpreted as a (special) subset of the resonating Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) loop states. We provide a compact tensor network representation of the HSS states, with which we are able to calculate physical observables efficiently. We find that the HSS states have vanishing topological entanglement entropy, suggesting the absence of intrinsic topological order. We also employ the HSS states to perform a variational study of the spin-1 kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnetic model. When we use a restricted HSS ansatz preserving lattice symmetry, the best variational energy per site is found to be $e_0 = -1.3600$. In contrast, when allowing lattice symmetry breaking, we find a trimerized simplex valence bond crystal with a lower energy, $e_0=-1.3871$.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, published version
Connections between spin-orbit torques and unidirectional magnetoresistance in ferromagnetic-metal–heavy-metal heterostructures
Creators: name: Chen, Lin
name: Zollner, Klaus
name: Parzefall, S.
name: Schmitt, J.
name: Kronseder, Matthias
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
name: Weiss, Dieter
name: Back, Christian
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We investigate the connections between current-induced spin-orbit torques and unidirectional magnetoresistance (UMR) by performing second harmonic longitudinal resistance measurements on Co/Pt bilayer with magnetic-field μ0H up to 10 T and temperature T down to 2 K. The fieldlike torque hFL changes sign with varying Co thickness tCo, which indicates that competing mechanisms, i.e., the spin Hall effect (SHE) and the inverse spin galvanic effect (iSGE), are responsible for the generation of hFL. The sign of hFL coincides with the sign of UMR induced by spin-dependent scattering. However, the dampinglike torque hDL is proportional to the inverse Co thickness, with no sign reversal for all measured temperatures and tCo, indicating that hDL originates solely from the SHE. The generation of hDL via iSGE can be further excluded because of the observation of an H-linear dependence of UMR, which, in turn, indicates the negligible exchange coupling between spin accumulation and ferromagnetic metal.
Prevalencia de dislipidemias en población urbana aparentemente sana de Yucatán
Creators: name: García-González, Aurora Novelo-Ceh, María E López-Novelo, Adrián Ceballos-López, Renán Alberto Góngora-Bianchi, Igrid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 320202
subject: Clinical chemistry (incl. diagnostics)
classificationCode: 420299
subject: Epidemiology not elsewhere classified

description: Introducción: La enfermedad aterosclerótica es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en México, siendo las dislipidemias uno de los factores de riesgo más prevalentes que contribuyen a su etiopatogenia. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia, dislipidemia mixta, hiperalfalipoproteinemia e hipoalfalipoproteinemia en una muestra de población urbana aparentemente sana del sureste de México. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo en 531 individuos aparentemente sanos, mestizos, hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 85 años, de Mérida. Resultados: La edad promedio global fue de 46.93 ± 14.90 años. La hipercolesterolemia (31.6%) fue la dislipidemia más frecuente en ambo sexos, seguida de la dislipidemia mixta (11.8%). El 19.21% de la población mostró un índice aterogénico elevado, con mayor frecuencia entre los 30 y 49 años (18.36%), siendo los hombres los más afectados. Conclusiones: La hipercolesterolemia y la dislipidemia mixta fueron las alteraciones lipídicas de mayor prevalencia en este estudio. Nosotros sugerimos la importancia de incorporar el perfi l lipídico en población aparentemente sana para la detección temprana de las dislipidemias y controlar su impacto sobre el riesgo cardiovascular en Yucatán.
Putting the model to the test: are APC proteins essential for neuronal polarity, axon outgrowth, and axon targeting?
Creators: name: Akong, Kathryn
name: Rusan, Nasser M.
name: Peifer, Mark
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: The highly polarized architecture of neurons is important for their function. Experimental data based on dominant-negative approaches suggest that the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), a regulator of Wnt signaling and the cytoskeleton, regulates polarity of neuroectodermal precursors and neurons, helping specify one neurite as the axon, promoting its outgrowth, and guiding axon pathfinding. However, such dominant-negative approaches might affect processes in which APC is not essential. We completely removed both APCs from Drosophila melanogaster larval neural precursors and neurons, testing whether APCs play universal roles in neuronal polarity. Surprisingly, APCs are not essential for asymmetric cell division or the stereotyped division axis of central brain (CB) neuroblasts, although they do affect cell cycle progression and spindle architecture. Likewise, CB, lobular plug, and mushroom body neurons do not require APCs for polarization, axon outgrowth, or, in the latter two cases, axon targeting. These data suggest that proposed cytoskeletal roles for APCs in mammals should be reassessed using loss of function tools.
Quality of the Opportunities for Preschoolers’ Physical Activity in Portuguese Kindergartens
Creators: name: Moreira, Mariana
name: Cordovil, Rita
name: Hales, Derek
name: Veiga, Guida
name: Lopes, Frederico
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Kindergarten’s physical and social environment influences preschoolers’ physical activity (PA) and impacts their development. This study aimed first to describe the quality of the opportunities provided by the physical attributes and social guidelines to promote PA and, second, to investigate the relationship between design attributes and daily practices to support PA in sixteen Portuguese kindergartens (15 public). The Children’s Physical Environment Rating Scale was used to rate the quality of the design attributes. Sixteen directors and teachers filled out surveys to quantify the equipment available and assess the quality of the written policies and daily practices to promote PA. Correlations between design attributes and daily practices to support PA were analyzed. The results emphasize the need for improvements in indoor settings that facilitate a wide range of gross motor activities for children. Similarly, outdoor environments should be designed to enable play opportunities regardless of weather conditions, encouraging children to engage in diverse and challenging physical activities. Providing more times per year for teachers’ PA training is also necessary. The design attributes and daily practices to support children’s PA were related. In kindergartens with a room only for PA, children spent less time sitting and more time in teacher-led PA. In kindergartens with large and challenging outdoor areas, children engaged in more intense PA. However, having a roofed protection area outdoors was not sufficient to decrease indoor sitting time. These findings highlight the need for ongoing review and assessment of the physical and social environment in kindergartens to ensure preschoolers have the best opportunities for PA.
Reframing the contribution of pelagic Sargassum epiphytic N2 fixation
Creators: name: Piehler M.
name: Johnson C.
name: Dubbs L.L.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Though nitrogen fixation by epiphytic diazotrophs on pelagic Sargassum has been recognized for decades, it has been assumed to contribute insignificantly to the overall marine nitrogen budget. This six-year study reframes this concept through long-term measurements of Sargassum community nitrogen fixation rates, and by extrapolating mass-specific rates to a theoretical square meter portion of Sargassum mat allowing for comparison of these rates to those of other marine and coastal diazotrophs. On 24 occasions from 2015 to 2021, rates of nitrogen fixation were measured using whole fronds of Sargassum collected from the western edge of the Gulf Stream off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Across all dates, mass-specific rates ranged from 0 to 37.77 μmol N g-1 h-1 with a mean of 4.156 μmol N g-1 h-1. Extrapolating using a mat-specific density of Sargassum, these rates scale to a range of 0 to 30,916 μmol N m-2 d-1 and a mean of 3,697 μmol N m-2 d-1. Quantifying this community’s rates of nitrogen fixation over several years captured the sometimes-extreme variability in rates, characteristic of marine diazotrophs, which has not been reported in the literature to date. When these measurements are considered alongside estimates of the density of pelagic Sargassum, rates of nitrogen fixation by Sargassum’s epiphytic diazotrophs rival that of their coastal macrophyte and planktonic counterparts. Given Sargassum’s wide and expanding geographic range, the results of this study suggest this community may contribute reactive nitrogen on a meaningful, basin-wide scale, which merits further study.
Regional variation of microtubule flux reveals microtubule organization in the metaphase meiotic spindle
Creators: name: Maddox, Paul S.
name: Yang, Ge
name: Cameron, Lisa A.
name: Salmon, Edward D.
name: Danuser, Gaudenz
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Continuous poleward movement of tubulin is a hallmark of metaphase spindle dynamics in higher eukaryotic cells and is essential for stable spindle architecture and reliable chromosome segregation. We use quantitative fluorescent speckle microscopy to map with high resolution the spatial organization of microtubule flux in Xenopus laevis egg extract meiotic spindles. We find that the flux velocity decreases near spindle poles by ∼20%. The regional variation is independent of functional kinetochores and centrosomes and is suppressed by inhibition of dynein/dynactin, kinesin-5, or both. Statistical analysis reveals that tubulin flows in two distinct velocity modes. We propose an association of these modes with two architecturally distinct yet spatially overlapping and dynamically cross-linked arrays of microtubules: focused polar microtubule arrays of a uniform polarity and slower flux velocities are interconnected by a dense barrel-like microtubule array of antiparallel polarities and faster flux velocities.
The microtubule-based motor Kar3 and plus end–binding protein Bim1 provide structural support for the anaphase spindle
Creators: name: Odde, David J.
name: Joglekar, Ajit P.
name: Anderson, MaryBeth
name: Bloom, Kerry
name: Molk, Jeffrey N.
name: Winey, Mark
name: Mythreye, Karthikeyan
name: Gardner, Melissa K.
name: O'Toole, Eileen T.
name: Haase, Julian
name: Salmon, E.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: In budding yeast, the mitotic spindle is comprised of 32 kinetochore microtubules (kMTs) and ∼8 interpolar MTs (ipMTs). Upon anaphase onset, kMTs shorten to the pole, whereas ipMTs increase in length. Overlapping MTs are responsible for the maintenance of spindle integrity during anaphase. To dissect the requirements for anaphase spindle stability, we introduced a conditionally functional dicentric chromosome into yeast. When centromeres from the same sister chromatid attach to opposite poles, anaphase spindle elongation is delayed and a DNA breakage-fusion-bridge cycle ensues that is dependent on DNA repair proteins. We find that cell survival after dicentric chromosome activation requires the MT-binding proteins Kar3p, Bim1p, and Ase1p. In their absence, anaphase spindles are prone to collapse and buckle in the presence of a dicentric chromosome. Our analysis reveals the importance of Bim1p in maintaining a stable ipMT overlap zone by promoting polymerization of ipMTs during anaphase, whereas Kar3p contributes to spindle stability by cross-linking spindle MTs.
Single-Cell Transcriptional and Epigenetic Profiles of Male Breast Cancer Nominate Salient Cancer-Specific Enhancers
Creators: name: Franco, Hector L.
name: Regner, Matthew J.
name: Wisniewska, Kamila
name: Thennavan, Aatish
name: Spanheimer, Philip M.
name: Kim, Hyunsoo
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: Male breast cancer represents about 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses and, although there are some similarities between male and female breast cancer, the paucity of data available on male breast cancer makes it difficult to establish targeted therapies. To date, most male breast cancers (MBCs) are treated according to protocols established for female breast cancer (FBC). Thus, defining the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape of MBC with improved resolution is critical for developing better avenues for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we present matched transcriptional (scRNA-seq) and epigenetic (scATAC-seq) profiles at single-cell resolution of two treatment naïve MBC tumors processed immediately after surgical resection. These data enable the detection of differentially expressed genes between male and female breast tumors across immune, stromal, and malignant cell types, to highlight several genes that may have therapeutic implications. Notably, MYC target genes and mTORC1 signaling genes were significantly upregulated in the malignant cells of MBC compared to the female counterparts. To understand how the regulatory landscape of MBC gives rise to these male-specific gene expression patterns, we leveraged the scATAC-seq data to systematically link changes in chromatin accessibility to changes in gene expression within each cell type. We observed cancer-specific rewiring of several salient enhancers and posit that these enhancers have a higher regulatory load than lineage-specific enhancers. We highlight two examples of previously unannotated cancer-cell-specific enhancers of ANXA2 and PRDX4 gene expression and show evidence for super-enhancer regulation of LAMB3 and CD47 in male breast cancer cells. Overall, this dataset annotates clinically relevant regulatory networks in male breast tumors, providing a useful resource that expands our current understanding of the gene expression programs that underlie the biology of MBC.
IPBES Invasive alien species assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.3.5.1: Biotic facilitation
Creators: name: Morales, Carolina L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.3.5.1 assesses the role of facilitative interactions among alien species along the invasional continuum for chapter 3 of IPBES thematic assessment of invasive alien species and their control. It also addresses Invasional Meltdown as a consequence of mulitple biotic facilitations I conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review that was further complemented and expanded with other sources suggested by both internal and external reviewers, and my own background and expertise on this topic, consists in the main source of evidence for the section.
Soil-transmitted helminths: A critical review of the impact of co-infections and implications for control and elimination
Creators: name: Manga M.
name: Bongomin F.
name: Kibone W.
name: Muoghalu C.C.
name: Lebu S.
name: Ochaya S.
name: Salzberg A.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2023

description: Researchers have raised the possibility that soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections might modify the host's immune response against other systemic infections. STH infections can alter the immune response towards type 2 immunity that could then affect the likelihood and severity of other illnesses. However, the importance of co-infections is not completely understood, and the impact and direction of their effects vary considerably by infection. This review synthesizes evidence regarding the relevance of STH co-infections, the potential mechanisms that explain their effects, and how they might affect control and elimination efforts. According to the literature reviewed, there are both positive and negative effects associated with STH infections on other diseases such as malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis, gestational anemia, pediatric anemia, neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, and trachoma, as well as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human papillomavirus (HPV). Studies typically describe how STHs can affect the immune system and promote increased susceptibility, survival, and persistence of the infection in the host by causing a TH2-dominated immune response. The co-infection of STH with other diseases has important implications for the development of treatment and control strategies. Eliminating parasites from a human host can be more challenging because the TH2-dominated immune response induced by STH infection can suppress the TH1 immune response required to control other infections, resulting in an increased pathogen load and more severe disease. Preventive chemotherapy and treatment are currently the most common approaches used for the control of STH infections, but these approaches alone may not be adequate to achieve elimination goals. Based on the conclusions drawn from this review, integrated approaches that combine drug administration with water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions, hygiene education, community engagement, and vaccines are most likely to succeed in interrupting the transmission of STH co-infections. Gaining a better understanding of the behavior and relevance of STH co-infections in the context of elimination efforts is an important intermediate step toward reducing the associated burden of disease.
$B\to K^*$ Transition Form Factors and the Semi-leptonic Decay $B \to K^* μ^+ μ^-$
Creators: name: Fu, Hai-Bing
name: Wu, Xing-Gang
name: Ma, Yang
name: Cheng, Wei
name: Zhong, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed calculation on the $B\to K^*$ transition form factors (TFFs), $A_{0,1,2}$, $V$ and $T_{1,2,3}$, within the QCD light-cone sum rules (LCSR). To suppress the contributions from high-twist light-cone distribution amplitudes, we adopt a right-handed chiral correlator to do the LCSR calculation. In the resultant LCSRs for the TFFs, the transverse leading-twist distribution amplitude $ϕ_{2;K^*}^\bot$ provides over $90\%$ contribution, thus those TFFs provide good platforms for testing the property of $ϕ_{2;K^*}^\bot$. We suggest a model for $ϕ_{2;K^*}^\bot$, in which two parameters $B_{2;K^*}^\bot$ and $C_{2;K^*}^\bot$ dominantly control its longitudinal distribution. With a proper choice of $B_{2;K^*}^\bot$ and $C_{2;K^*}^\bot$, our predictions on $B\to K^*$ TFFs are consistent with those of lattice QCD predictions. As an application, we also calculate the branching fraction of the $B$-meson rare decay $B \to K^* μ^+ μ^-$. The predicted differential branching fraction $d{\cal B}/dq^2(B\to K^{*}μ^+μ^-)$ is consistent with the LHCb and Belle measurements within errors. After integrating over the allowable $q^2$-region, we get the branching fraction, ${\cal B}(B\to K^*μ^+μ^-) = \left(1.088^{+0.261}_{-0.205} \right)\times 10^{-6}$, where the errors are squared average of the mentioned error sources. When the precision of experimental measurements or the other source of theoretical uncertainties for this process have been further improved in the future, we may get a definite conclusion on the behavior of $ϕ_{2;K^*}^\bot$.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Revised version to be published in J.Phys.G
Amiloride inhibits macropinocytosis by lowering submembranous pH and preventing Rac1 and Cdc42 signaling
Creators: name: Hahn, Klaus M.
name: Touret, Nicolas
name: Scott, Cameron C.
name: Alexander, Todd
name: Grinstein, Sergio
name: Kim, Moshe
name: Hayashi, Hisayoshi
name: Welch, Christopher
name: Koivusalo, Mirkka
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchange proteins block macropinocytosis by lowering the pH near the plasma membrane, which in turn inhibits actin remodeling by Rho family GTPases.Macropinocytosis is differentiated from other types of endocytosis by its unique susceptibility to inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchange. Yet, the functional relationship between Na+/H+ exchange and macropinosome formation remains obscure. In A431 cells, stimulation by EGF simultaneously activated macropinocytosis and Na+/H+ exchange, elevating cytosolic pH and stimulating Na+ influx. Remarkably, although inhibition of Na+/H+ exchange by amiloride or HOE-694 obliterated macropinocytosis, neither cytosolic alkalinization nor Na+ influx were required. Instead, using novel probes of submembranous pH, we detected the accumulation of metabolically generated acid at sites of macropinocytosis, an effect counteracted by Na+/H+ exchange and greatly magnified when amiloride or HOE-694 were present. The acidification observed in the presence of the inhibitors did not alter receptor engagement or phosphorylation, nor did it significantly depress phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase stimulation. However, activation of the GTPases that promote actin remodelling was found to be exquisitely sensitive to the submembranous pH. This sensitivity confers to macropinocytosis its unique susceptibility to inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchange.
Bad-metal behavior reveals Mott quantum criticality in doped Hubbard models
Creators: name: Vucicevic, J.
name: Tanaskovic, D.
name: Rozenberg, M.
name: Dobrosavljevic, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bad-Metal (BM) behavior featuring linear temperature dependence of the resistivity extending to well above the Mott-Ioffe-Regel (MIR) limit is often viewed as one of the key unresolved signatures of strong correlation. Here we associate the BM behavior with the Mott quantum criticality by examining a fully frustrated Hubbard model where all long-range magnetic orders are suppressed, and the Mott problem can be rigorously solved through Dynamical Mean-Field Theory. We show that for the doped Mott insulator regime, the coexistence dome and the associated first-order Mott metal-insulator transition are confined to extremely low temperatures, while clear signatures of Mott quantum criticality emerge across much of the phase diagram. Remarkable scaling behavior is identified for the entire family of resistivity curves, with a quantum critical region covering the entire BM regime, providing not only insight, but also quantitative understanding around the MIR limit, in agreement with the available experiments.
description: 5+6 pages
The Air Pollution Human Health Burden in Different Future Scenarios That Involve the Mitigation of Near-Term Climate Forcers, Climate and Land-Use
Creators: name: West J.J.
name: Reddington C.L.
name: Turnock S.T.
name: O’Connor F.M.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2023

description: Elevated surface concentrations of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can lead to poor air quality and detrimental impacts on human health. These pollutants are also termed Near-Term Climate Forcers (NTCFs) as they can also influence the Earth's radiative balance on timescales shorter than long-lived greenhouse gases. Here we use the Earth system model, UKESM1, to simulate the change in surface ozone and PM2.5 concentrations from different NTCF mitigation scenarios, conducted as part of the Aerosol and Chemistry Model Intercomparison Project (AerChemMIP). These are then combined with relative risk estimates and projected changes in population demographics, to estimate the mortality burden attributable to long-term exposure to ambient air pollution. Scenarios that involve the strong mitigation of air pollutant emissions yield large future benefits to human health (25%), particularly across Asia for black carbon (7%), when compared to the future reference pathway. However, if anthropogenic emissions follow the reference pathway, then impacts to human health worsen over South Asia in the short term (11%) and across Africa (20%) in the longer term. Future climate change impacts on air pollutants can offset some of the health benefits achieved by emission mitigation measures over Europe for PM2.5 and East Asia for ozone. In addition, differences in the future chemical environment over regions are important considerations for mitigation measures to achieve the largest benefit to human health. Future policy measures to mitigate climate warming need to also consider the impact on air quality and human health across different regions to achieve the maximum co-benefits.
Integrating high-throughput genetic interaction mapping and high-content screening to explore yeast spindle morphogenesis
Creators: name: S.Vizeacoumar, Frederick
name: Li, Zhijian
name: Bloom, Kerry
name: Frey, Brendan
name: Vizeacoumar, Franco J.
name: Cheung, Vincent
name: van Dyk, Nydia
name: Raught, Brian
name: Sydorskyy, Yaroslav
name: Nislow, Corey
name: Case, Nicolle
name: Datti, Alessandro
name: Li, Jingjing
name: Zhang, Zhaolei
name: Andrews, Brenda J.
name: Boone, Charles
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: A combination of yeast genetics, synthetic genetic array analysis, and high-throughput screening reveals that sumoylation of Mcm21p promotes disassembly of the mitotic spindle.We describe the application of a novel screening approach that combines automated yeast genetics, synthetic genetic array (SGA) analysis, and a high-content screening (HCS) system to examine mitotic spindle morphogenesis. We measured numerous spindle and cellular morphological parameters in thousands of single mutants and corresponding sensitized double mutants lacking genes known to be involved in spindle function. We focused on a subset of genes that appear to define a highly conserved mitotic spindle disassembly pathway, which is known to involve Ipl1p, the yeast aurora B kinase, as well as the cell cycle regulatory networks mitotic exit network (MEN) and fourteen early anaphase release (FEAR). We also dissected the function of the kinetochore protein Mcm21p, showing that sumoylation of Mcm21p regulates the enrichment of Ipl1p and other chromosomal passenger proteins to the spindle midzone to mediate spindle disassembly. Although we focused on spindle disassembly in a proof-of-principle study, our integrated HCS-SGA method can be applied to virtually any pathway, making it a powerful means for identifying specific cellular functions.
Understanding underperformance in a high-stakes clinical-based simulation assessment in physiotherapy: a descriptive analysis
Creators: name: Flew, Brooke
name: Judd, B
name: Lange, B
name: Lee, D
name: Blackstock, Felicity
name: Tai, J
name: Tognon, K
name: Chipchase, L
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education
classificationCode: 420106
subject: Physiotherapy

description: Background: High-stakes assessments are often used as a ‘gate-keeper’ activity for entry into the health professions by ensuring that the minimum core competency thresholds of the profession are met. The aim of the study was to explore if common areas of underperformance existed in international candidates assessed with a high-stakes clinical-based simulation assessment for entry into the physiotherapy profession in Australia. Methods: A retrospective mixed methods analysis of the clinical assessments completed by international candidates over a one-month period in 2021 that were deemed as not meeting competency. The clinical assessments were completed in one of the three practice areas: cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, or neurological rehabilitation. Each assessment was scored by two independent assessors, who discussed the performance and then completed a moderated assessment form. The assessment form used to score competency included seven domains such as initial assessment, effective treatment, communication skills, and risk management. Results: Fifty-one clinical assessments graded as not competent were analysed. Across the practice areas, a high failure rate was found in domains related to interpreting assessment findings and developing a treatment plan. This trend was also observed in the qualitative data, suggesting candidates struggled to meet competency in areas of planning and prioritisation, interpretation and implementation of the information gathered, and selection and evaluation of effective treatment. Conclusion: These findings align with published data on the underperformance of Australian physiotherapy students in clinical placement settings, suggesting these issues are not specific to high stakes assessment of overseas physiotherapists, and that education needs to focus on improving these skills within the profession at all levels. With the identified areas of underperformance aligning with the ability to use higher order thinking and skills integral to clinical reasoning, improvements in the education and implementation of clinical reasoning may be a place to start.
The exponential law for spaces of test functions and diffeomorphism groups
Creators: name: Kriegl, Andreas
name: Michor, Peter W.
name: Rainer, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26E10, 46A17, 46E50, 58B10, 58B25, 58C25, 58D05, 58D15

description: We prove the exponential law $\mathcal A(E \times F, G) \cong \mathcal A(E,\mathcal A(F,G))$ (bornological isomorphism) for the following classes $\mathcal A$ of test functions: $\mathcal B$ (globally bounded derivatives), $W^{\infty,p}$ (globally $p$-integrable derivatives), $\mathcal S$ (Schwartz space), $\mathcal D$ (compact sport, $\mathcal B^{[M]}$ (globally Denjoy_Carleman), $W^{[M],p}$ (Sobolev_Denjoy_Carleman), $\mathcal S_{[L]}^{[M]}$ (Gelfand_Shilov), and $\mathcal D^{[M]}$. Here $E, F, G$ are convenient vector spaces (finite dimensional in the cases of $W^{\infty,p}$, $\mathcal D$, $W^{[M],p}$, and $\mathcal D^{[M]})$, and $M=(M_k)$ is a weakly log-convex weight sequence of moderate growth. As application we give a new simple proof of the fact that the groups of diffeomorphisms $\operatorname{Diff} \mathcal B$, $\operatorname{Diff} W^{\infty,p}$, $\operatorname{Diff} \mathcal S$, and $\operatorname{Diff}\mathcal D$ are $C^\infty$ Lie groups, and $\operatorname{Diff} \mathcal B^{\{M\}}$, $\operatorname{Diff}W^{\{M\},p}$, $\operatorname{Diff} \mathcal S_{\{L\}}^{\{M\}}$, and $\operatorname{Diff}\mathcal D^{[M]}$, for non-quasianalytic $M$, are $C^{\{M\}}$ Lie groups, where $\operatorname{Diff}\mathcal A = \{\operatorname{Id} +f : f \in \mathcal A(\mathbb R^n,\mathbb R^n), \inf_{x \in \mathbb R^n} \det(\mathbb I_n+ df(x))>0\}$. We also discuss stability under composition.
description: 42 pages, mistake corrected, results slightly extended; small changes before publication added. in Indagationes Mathematicae, 2015
Supply–Demand Matching of Smart Parcel Lockers in a Residential Area: Insights from Tianjin
Creators: name: Hu, Yike
name: Song, Yan
name: Ding, Mengyue
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2023

description: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge in the use of self-service facilities (SSFs) in residential areas worldwide. Previous studies on SSFs mainly focused on their application in commercial or other scenarios. However, SSFs in residential areas have not been thoroughly studied. This study develops an analytical framework for assessing both the supply and demand for SSFs in residential areas. The study evaluates 2693 residential communities and 479 smart parcel lockers (SPLs) in Tianjin, China. The results show that the high-demand area for SPLs is within 300 m of home, while the high-supply area is 300–600 m from home. Further analysis using the Gini coefficient and location quotient shows that the top 20% of the population have access to 80% of SPLs, and most residential communities experience an oversupply. Our study suggests that a mismatch between the supply and demand of SPLs may result in massive public space waste, resource waste, and inequity. Given the many uncertainties of the future, this study highlights the need to consider the dynamic supply–demand relationship of SSFs. This may encourage urban planners, policymakers, and experts in other related disciplines to work towards a more service-efficient and equitable utilization of SSFs in residential areas.