cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The mass discrepancy in intermediate- and high-mass eclipsing binaries: the need for higher convective core masses
Creators: name: Tkachenko, A.
name: Pavlovski, K.
name: Johnston, C.
name: Pedersen, M. G.
name: Michielsen, M.
name: Bowman, D. M.
name: Southworth, J.
name: Tsymbal, V.
name: Aerts, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Eclipsing, spectroscopic double-lined binary star systems (SB2) are excellent laboratories for calibrating theories of stellar interior structure and evolution. We aim to investigate the mass discrepancy in binary stars. We study the effect of near-core mixing on the mass of the convective core of the stars and interpret the results in the context of the mass discrepancy. Two scenarios are considered, where individual stellar components of a binary system are treated independent of each other and where they are forced to have the same age and initial chemical composition. We find that the mass discrepancy is present in our sample and that it is anti-correlated with the surface gravity of the star. No correlations are found with other fundamental and atmospheric parameters, including the stellar mass. The mass discrepancy can be partially accounted for by increasing the amount of near-core mixing in stellar evolution models. We also find that ignoring the microturbulent velocity and turbulent pressure in stellar atmosphere models of hot evolved stars results in overestimation of their effective temperature by up to 8%. Together with enhanced near-core mixing, this can almost entirely account for the 30% mass discrepancy found for the evolved primary component of V380 Cyg. We find a strong link between the mass discrepancy and the convective core mass. The mass discrepancy can be solved by considering the combined effect of extra near-core boundary mixing and consistent treatment in the spectrum analysis of hot evolved stars. Our binary modelling results in convective core masses between 17 and 35% of the stellar mass, in excellent agreement with results from gravity-mode asteroseismology of single stars. This implies larger helium core masses near the end of the main sequence than anticipated so far.
description: 22 pages (17 pages of main text + 5 pages of appendix), 14 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
ANALYSIS OF OLIGOPOLISTIC BEHAVIOUR OF KAZAKH AND RUSSIAN EXPORTERS IN THE SOUTH CAUCASUS WHEAT MARKET
Creators: name: Gafarova, Gulmira
name: Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr
name: Glauben, Thomas
name: Gafarova, Gulmira
name: Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr
name: Glauben, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: agricultural trade
subject: market power
subject: residual demand elasticity
subject: wheat market

description: This study explores whether Kazakh and Russian wheat exporters use their privileges of being important players in the South Caucasus countries to exercise market power. We use a three-stage least squares (3SLS) estimation for systems of simultaneous equations and Zellner’s seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) thmethods for our residual demand elasticity (RDE) analysis. The results show that Kazakh exporters are able to exercise market power only in the Georgian wheat market, while Russian exporters are able to do so in both the Armenian and Georgian markets. Neither country is able to exercise market power in the Azerbaijani wheat market. Further, Kazakh and Russian wheat exporters constrain each other’s market powers in Azerbaijan and Georgia. Similarly, Ukrainian exporters are able to intervene to Kazakh and Russian exporters’ market powers in the Azerbaijani and Georgian wheat markets, but not in the Armenian market.
XMM-Newton Observation of the Cluster of Galaxies Abell 1650
Creators: name: Takahashi, Seiji
name: Yamashita, Koujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the nonuniform distribution of temperature and abundance in the angular extent of 10'(1.4 Mpc) in A1650 observed by XMM-Newton. Spectral analysis was carried out in 19 systematically-subdivided regions, and in 15 specified regions referred to the hardness ratio (HR) map. The value of HR, defined as the ratio of counts in the 1.6-10 keV band to those in the 0.8-1.6 keV, is an indicator to investigate the spatial variation of spectral features. The temperature and abundance were obtained to be 4-6 keV and 0.2-0.5 solar value with average values of 5.62+0.05-0.07 keV and 0.36+0.02-0.01 solar value within a radius of 5', respectively. The redshift was derived to be 8.01+0.02-0.02x10^-2 against an optical value of 8.45x10^-2. It turned out that cool regions with a temperature of around 4 keV and a scalelength of a few 100 kpc are patchily distributed in the outer envelope. This temperature structure could be explained by the infalling of groups of galaxies into the cluster main body. More than 30 point sources were found around A1650 in the FOV of 30'. The spectrum of the Galactic diffuse emission was obtained in the outskirts of A1650.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures; Published on PASJ
DAMPAK BENCANA ALAM DAN WABAH TERHADAP PARIWISATA
Creators: name: NADHILLA SYOFYAN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 150604 Tourism Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: artikel tentang dampak bencana, wabah dan peristiwa tak terduga terhadap keberlangsungan pariwisatapenulis : nadhilla rahmi syofyanno bp : 1710521042
Spatial integration of agricultural land markets
Creators: name: Ritter, Matthias
name: Yang, Xinyue
name: Odening, Martin
name: Ritter, Matthias
name: Yang, Xinyue
name: Odening, Martin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Agricultural land market
subject: Law of one price
subject: Spatial price convergence

description: The focus of this paper is on spatial market integration in agricultural land markets. We scrutinize the applicability of the law of one price to land markets and distinguish between absolute and relative versions of this “law”. Panel data unit root and stationarity tests are applied to land sale prices in the German state Lower Saxony. Three main clusters with different price developments are detected. Our results indicate that the law of one price holds only locally due to structural differ-ences among regions.
Über glaziale Erosion und Übertiefung
Creators: name: Habbe, Karl-Albert
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1996

description: Glaziale Erosion und Übertiefung ist - wie die Längsprofile aller glazial geformten Täler zeigen - kein über die gesamte Längserstreckung des Gletschers gleichmäßig wirksamer Vorgang, sondern durch ausgeprägte Diskontinuitäten gekennzeichnet. Die Gründe dafür sind früh diskutiert, das Problem ist jedoch nie gelöst worden. Der Erklärungsansatz von H. Louis (1952) hatte aber bereits deutlich gemacht, daß es nur geklärt werden kann, wenn man den zugrunde liegenden Bewegungsmechanismus der Gletscher kennt. Es wird anhand von Beobachtungen aus dem Gebiet des letztkaltzeitlichen Illergletschers gezeigt, daß kaltzeitliche Gletscher mit positivem Massenhaushalt (vorstoßende Gletscher) sich anders bewegt haben müssen als heutige Gletscher, die zumeist einen negativen Massenhaushalt haben (d. h. zurückschmelzen). Es wird ferner gezeigt, daß dieser Bewegungsvorgang an vorstoßenden Fußgletschern des Vatnajökull in Island auch heute noch beobachtet werden kann. Er ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Summation zahlreicher, relativ kurzdauernder und nur relativ kleine Distanzen überbrückender Vorschübe flacher Eisschilde auf Scherflächen über stagnierendem Eis vorhergehender Vorstöße, die ausgelöst wurden durch niederschlagsbedingte Massenüberschüsse im Nährgebiet. Ein solcher Bewegungsvorgang impliziert, daß eine Einwirkung des Gletschers auf den Untergrund nur dort (und dann) möglich ist, wo (und wenn) der Gletscher über seine stagnant-ice-Unterlage vorstößt, d. h. nur im Bereich unmittelbar hinter der Gletscherstirn. Größere Erosionsbeträge sind nur dann zu erwarten, wenn der Gletscher nach dem Vorstoß längere Zeit in der erreichten Maximalposition verharrt und zusätzlich unter hydrostatischem Druck stehendes (Schnee-Schmelzwasser auf den Untergrund einwirkt. Zur Schmelzwasserbewegung im Gletscher werden weitere Beobachtungen aus Island beigebracht, zur Schmelzwasserwirkung auf den Untergrund Beobachtungen (vorwiegend) aus dem deutschen Alpenvorland. Insgesamt ergibt sich, daß die Diskontinuitäten glazialer Erosion und Übertiefung sich erklären lassen durch den beschriebenen Bewegungsmechanismus vorstoßender Gletscher, die Schutzwirkung überfahrenen stagnierenden Eises vorhergehender Vorstöße und die Eigenart der (Schnee-) Schmelzwasserbewegung in, unter und am Rande des Gletschers. Weil die beschriebenen Prozesse in erster Linie unmittelbar hinter der Stirn des vorstoßenden Gletschers ablaufen, sind sie ein räumlich und zeitlich beschränktes Phänomen, müssen gerade deswegen aber von außerordentlicher Intensität sein.
description: research
Bayesian Factor Analysis for Inference on Interactions
Creators: name: Ferrari, Federico
name: Dunson, David B.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: This article is motivated by the problem of inference on interactions among chemical exposures impacting human health outcomes. Chemicals often co-occur in the environment or in synthetic mixtures and as a result exposure levels can be highly correlated. We propose a latent factor joint model, which includes shared factors in both the predictor and response components while assuming conditional independence. By including a quadratic regression in the latent variables in the response component, we induce flexible dimension reduction in characterizing main effects and interactions. We propose a Bayesian approach to inference under this factor analysis for interactions (FIN) framework. Through appropriate modifications of the factor modeling structure, FIN can accommodate higher order interactions. We evaluate the performance using a simulation study and data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Code is available on GitHub. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
A Stochastic Bio-Economic Farm Model for Brazilian Farrow-to-finish Pig Production System
Creators: name: Ali, Beshir Melkaw
name: Berentsen, Paul
name: Bastiaansen, John W.M.
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons
name: Ali, Beshir Melkaw
name: Berentsen, Paul
name: Bastiaansen, John W.M.
name: Oude Lansink, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Bio-economic model
subject: Stochasticity
subject: Pig
subject: Profit
subject: Environment

description: A stochastic bio-economic farm model was developed to assess the impact of innovations on pig farm performance. The model accounts for emissions of greenhouse gases by using the shadow price of CO2 and for stochastic prices. The model was used to assess the impact of using co-products in pigs’ diets on private and social profits for a typical Brazilian farrow-to-finish pig farm. The results show that social profits are 2.2-3.6% lower than private profits in all the standard and alternative cases. The stochasticity of profits is large (with coefficients of variation 52% to 61%) following from the volatility of prices.
Non-equilibrium quantum dynamics and formation of the Bose polaron
Creators: name: Skou, Magnus G.
name: Skov, Thomas G.
name: Jørgensen, Nils B.
name: Nielsen, Kristian K.
name: Camacho-Guardian, Arturo
name: Pohl, Thomas
name: Bruun, Georg M.
name: Arlt, Jan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advancing our understanding of non-equilibrium phenomena in quantum many-body systems remains among the greatest challenges in physics. Here, we report on the experimental observation of a paradigmatic many-body problem, namely the non-equilibrium dynamics of a quantum impurity immersed in a bosonic environment. We use an interferometric technique to prepare coherent superposition states of atoms in a Bose-Einstein condensate with a small impurity-state component, and monitor the evolution of such quantum superpositions into polaronic quasiparticles. These results offer a systematic picture of polaron formation from weak to strong impurity interactions. They reveal three distinct regimes of evolution with dynamical transitions that provide a link between few-body processes and many-body dynamics. Our measurements reveal universal dynamical behavior in interacting many-body systems and demonstrate new pathways to study non-equilibrium quantum phenomena.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Neue Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung des Wasserhaushalts im Mecklenbruch, Niedersachsen
New measures to improve the hydrological balance in Mecklenbruch, Lower Saxony
Creators: name: Caspers, Gerfried
name: Schlette, Ulrich
name: Schmatzler, Eckhard
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: Abstract: The Mecklenbruch in the Solling is an important raised bog in the highlands of Lower Saxony. A range of measures have been implemented manually since the 1970s to improve the hydrological situation of the bog. In the last two years, the three peat-cutting sites which strongly drain the bog have been chambered with large peat dams, and numerous ditches have been filled. This work was carried out using a mechanical excavator. Young birches were completely removed from a central part of the Mecklenbruch. A stand of spruce trees was removed in the north-eastern part of the area, and the trees flown out of the bog by helicopter. Stands of older trees were thinned out at other locations or cleared from small areas. Eight permanent water level gauges with automatic data loggers record the hydrological changes in the Mecklenbruch.
description: Zusammenfassung: Das Mecklenbruch im Solling ist ein bedeutendes Hochmoor im niedersächsischen Bergland. Seit den 1970er Jahren wurden verschiedene Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der hydrologischen Situation im Moor per Hand durchgeführt. In den vergangenen zwei Jahren wurden die drei stark entwässernden Torfstiche mit groß dimensionierten Torfdämmen gekammert und zahlreiche Gräben verfüllt. Für diese Arbeiten wurde ein Bagger eingesetzt. Im Kernbereich des Mecklenbruchs wurden junge Birken flächenhaft entfernt. Im nordöstlichen Bereich wurde ein Fichtenbestand geräumt und die Bäume mit einem Hubschrauber aus dem Moor geflogen. An weiteren Stellen wurde der Bestand an älteren Bäumen ausgedünnt oder kleinflächig geräumt. Acht Messpegel mit automatischen Datenloggern dokumentieren die hydrologischen Veränderungen im Mecklenbruch.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Which incentives for direct selling? An analysis of French farms
Creators: name: Enjolras, Geoffroy
name: Aubert, Magali
name: Enjolras, Geoffroy
name: Aubert, Magali
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Direct selling
subject: FADN
subject: France

description: This article focuses on factors which incite farmers to sell their production at the retail level, a marketing channel that is currently enjoying renewed interest. Based on data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network 2006-2014, we establish the contrasting profiles of farms that sell their production directly to consumers: they are smaller, permanent-labor-intensive and propose an increase range of produces compared to other kinds of farms. While we highlight sectorial differences, the common point of these farms is to use fewer pesticides, which is consistent with the quality signal sent to consumers. Implications in terms of public policy are suggested.
Hydrologisch-hydrochemisches Monitoring zu den Folgen der Renaturierung Hochmoor Große Säure, Oberes Westerzgebirge
Hydrologic-hydrochemical monitoring to the effect of re-wetting in a bog in the western upper Erzgebirge
Creators: name: Krüger, Annett
name: Neumeister, Hans
name: Tolke, Detlef
name: Heinrich, Jürgen
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: Abstract: The relationship between the distribution of naturally occuring dissolved organic carbon (DOC) , other nutrients and catchment characteristics is determined by a monitoring program and concept for an upland catchment system in the western upper Erzgebirge. In the drinking water area of the dam “Carlsfeld” are situated acid bogs witch are in parts destroyed, drained and now in re-wetting. The aim of our investigations insists on the analysing of the impact of the bog drainage and re-wetting for the matter dynamic. The mobilisation of DOC is controlled by the humification in the Katotelm based on moving ground water level in different transformed areas in the bogs (drained areas, no intact bogs). In intact bog areas with high ground water levels the DOC mobilisation depends on the atmospheric deposition of sulphate.
description: Zusammenfassung: Die Folgen des historischen Torfabbaus, der Moorentwässerung und aktueller Renaturierung auf die Stoffdynamik werden in Bezug auf gelösten organischen Kohlenstoff (DOC) und Nährstoffe mit einem zu entwickelnden Monitoringkonzept im Oberen Westerzgebirge erfasst. Die DOC-Freisetzung wird in unterschiedlichen geoökosystemaren Funktionsbereichen des Moores, d.h in intakten Moorbereichen, nachwachsendem Moor und ausgetorften Bereichen durch unterschiedliche Prozesse gesteuert. In nachwachsenden und intakten Moorbereichen zeigt sich die DOC-Freisetzung unabhängig vom Grundwasserstand und wird dort bei sinkenden atmosphärischen Sulfateinträgen begünstigt. In drainierten, ausgetorften Bereichen erfolgt bis ins Katotelm eine DOC-Mobilisierung bei anschliessender allochthoner Verlagerung einhergehend mit Niederschlagsereignissen.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Optimal l-one Rank One Matrix Decompositions
Creators: name: Balan, Radu
name: Okoudjou, Kasso A.
name: Rawson, Michael
name: Wang, Yang
name: Zhang, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we consider the decomposition of positive semidefinite matrices as a sum of rank one matrices. We introduce and investigate the properties of various measures of optimality of such decompositions. For some classes of positive semidefinite matrices we give explicitly these optimal decompositions. These classes include diagonally dominant matrices and certain of their generalizations, $2\times 2$, and a class of $3\times 3$ matrices.
description: Will appear in a Springer book "Harmonic Analysis and Applications", Ed. M. Rassias
Massive star clusters in ongoing galaxy interactions -- clues to cluster formation
Creators: name: Keel, William C.
name: Borne, Kirk D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HST WFPC2 observations, supplemented by ground-based H-alpha data, of the star-cluster populations in two pairs of interacting galaxies, selected for being in very different kinds of encounters seen at different stages. Dynamical information and n-body simulations provide the details of encounter geometry, mass ratio, and timing. In NGC 5752/4, we see a weak encounter well past closest approach, after about 2.5x10^8 years. The large spiral NGC 5754 has a normal population of disk clusters, while the companion NGC 5752 exhibits a rich population of luminous clusters with a flatter luminosity function. The strong, ongoing encounter in NGC 6621/2, seen about 10^8 years past closest approach between roughly equal-mass galaxies, has produced a rich population of luminous clusters, particularly young and bright in a small region between the nuclei. This region is dynamically interesting, so strongly perturbed that the rotation curve reverses sign. Cluster formation requires a threshold level of perturbation, with stage of the interaction less important. The location of the most active star formation in NGC 6621/2 draws attention to a possible role for the Toomre stability threshold in shaping star formation in interacting galaxies. The rich cluster populations in NGC 5752 and 6621 show that direct contact between gas-rich galaxy disks is not a requirement to form luminous clusters, and that they can be triggered by processes happening within a single galaxy disk (albeit triggered by external perturbations). (Abridged)
description: In press, Astron. J., Sept. 2003
The Molecular ISM of Low Surface Brightness Spiral Galaxies
Creators: name: Matthews, L. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I summarize some results from the recent CO survey of late-type, low surface brightness (LSB) spiral galaxies by Matthews et al. (2005). We have now detected CO emission from six late-type, LSB spirals, demonstrating that despite their typical low metallicities and low mean gas surface densities, some LSB galaxies contain a molecular medium that is traced by CO. We find that the CO-detected LSB spirals adhere to the same M_H2-FIR correlation as brighter galaxies. We also find a significant drop-off in the detectability of CO among low-to-intermediate surface brightness galaxies with V_rot
description: 6 pages; to appear in the proceedings "Island Universes - Structure and Evolution of Disk Galaxies", a conference held in Terschelling, the Netherlands, July 2005, R. S. de Jong, editor, (Springer: Dordrecht)
A Priority-Aware Multiqueue NIC Design
Creators: name: Behnke, Ilja
name: Wiesner, Philipp
name: Danicki, Robert
name: Thamsen, Lauritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Operating Systems (cs.OS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.2.4; B.4.1; D.4.4

description: Low-level embedded systems are used to control cyber-phyiscal systems in industrial and autonomous applications. They need to meet hard real-time requirements as unanticipated controller delays on moving machines can have devastating effects. Modern developments such as the industrial Internet of Things and autonomous machines require these devices to connect to large IP networks. Since Network Interface Controllers (NICs) trigger interrupts for incoming packets, real-time embedded systems are subject to unpredictable preemptions when connected to such networks. In this work, we propose a priority-aware NIC design to moderate network-generated interrupts by mapping IP flows to processes and based on that, consolidates their packets into different queues. These queues apply priority-dependent interrupt moderation. First experimental evaluations show that 93% of interrupts can be saved leading to an 80% decrease of processing delay of critical tasks in the configurations investigated.
description: The 37th ACM/SIGAPP Symposium on Applied Computing (SAC '22)
Micaria aenea Thorell 1871
Creators: name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Christille, Claretta
name: Marguerettaz, Fabio
name: Isaia, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Gnaphosidae
Micaria
Micaria aenea

description: Micaria aenea Thorell, 1871
NEW DATA.— Torgnon: Lo Ditor, 1950 m, peat bog, 11-26. VI.2013, 1 ♀, leg. Negro (MRSN-VDA); same locality, 12-26.VII.2013, 1♀, leg. Negro; same locality, 26.VI-12.VII.2013, 2 ♀, leg. Negro; Ayas: Antagnod, 1970-2070 m, alpine pasture, 2007, leg. Franco & Negro.
 LITERATURE. — Negro et al. 2009; [Rossi & Bosio 2012].
CHOROTYPE. — OLA.
MACROHABITAT. — Wetlands, coniferous forests, alpine pastures.
description: Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074
Entanglement of midspectrum eigenstates of chaotic many-body systems: Reasons for deviation from random ensembles
Creators: name: Haque, Masudul
name: McClarty, Paul A.
name: Khaymovich, Ivan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Eigenstates of local many-body interacting systems that are far from spectral edges are thought to be ergodic and close to being random states. This is consistent with the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and volume-law scaling of entanglement. We point out that systematic departures from complete randomness are generically present in mid-spectrum eigenstates, and focus on the departure of the entanglement entropy from the random-state prediction. We show that the departure is (partly) due to spatial correlations and due to orthogonality to the eigenstates at the spectral edge, which imposes structure on the mid-spectrum eigenstates.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, 122 references + 6 pages, 9 figures in 8 Appendices
Großflächige Wiedervernässung des ehemaligen Durchströmungsmoores „Obere Schnöden“ im Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried (Baden-Württemberg)
Large scale rewetting of the former perculation mire „Obere Schnöden“ within the Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried (Baden-Württemberg)
Creators: name: Kapfer, Alois
name: Schuler, Bernd
name: Schall, Burckhard
name: Reißmüller, Bernd
name: Wilhelm, Pia
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: Abstract: Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried (2600 ha) is the second largest peatland in south western Germany. In autumn 2010, the first section of the Obere Schnöden fen (235 ha) was rewetted as part of a large scale conservation project of national importance. The project aims to regenerate a growing percolation mire in the centre, with low intensity grazing at the margins. Rewetting included the following construction activities: • Destruction of underground drainage and closing of open ditches to reactivate former spring mires, • Banking-up, deflecting and subsequent surface percolation of incoming spring streams, • Banking-up, deflecting and subsequent surface realignment of the main water course crossing the area to create an initial mire stream • Segmentation and shallow damming-up of all drainage ditches and significantly deepened residual water courses including their slump hollows. For the first time in Germany, very durable blocking dams were made using sheet piling made of recycling plastic. Due to the relatively high involvement of machinery, and the significant large-scale effects seen immediately after accomplishing the work, the project gave rise to some local conflicts despite the comprehensive accompanying public relations activity.
description: Zusammenfassung: Das Pfrunger-Burgweiler Ried umfasst mit rund 2.600 ha Moorfläche die zweitgrößte Moorlandschaft Südwestdeutschlands. Im Rahmen des Förderprogramms „Naturschutzgroßprojekte des Bundes“ wurde im Herbst 2010 mit dem 1. Bauabschnitt zur Wiedervernässung des rund 235 ha großen Teilmoores „Obere Schnöden“ begonnen. Langfristiges Ziel ist die Wiederherstellung eines wachsenden Durchströmungsmoores im Zentrum mit abgestufter extensiver Beweidung der Randbereiche. Im Einzelnen kamen bzw. kommen die folgenden Maßnahmen zur Ausführung: • Reaktivierung von Schichtquellen durch Dränagekappung und Verbau von Fanggräben, • Ausleitung und oberflächige Verrieselung von zuführenden Quellbächen, • Ausleitung und oberflächennahe Neutrassierung des das Gebiet durchquerenden Vorfluters zu einem Initial-Moorbach und • Kammerung und oberflächennaher Anstau aller Entwässerungsgräben sowie stark eingetieften Restgewässerstrecken einschließlich der zugehörigen Sackungsmulden. Die Baumaßnahmen wurden mit leistungsfähigem Spezialgerät durchgeführt. Als deutschlandweites Novum kamen besonders haltbare Spundwanddielen aus Recycling-Kunststoff zum Einsatz. Aufgrund des vergleichsweise hohen technischen Ansatzes sowie der unmittelbar nach Ausführung schon sichtbaren großflächigen Wirkung blieb das Vorhaben trotz umfassender Beteiligung der Öffentlichkeit nicht ohne Konflikte.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
Operationalization of ecosystem services for choice experiments: the effect of relevance in the valuation of agrienvironmental policies
Creators: name: Tienhaara, Annika
name: Ahtiainen, Heini
name: Pouta, Eija
name: Tienhaara, Annika
name: Ahtiainen, Heini
name: Pouta, Eija
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: agriculture
subject: ecosystem services
subject: choice experiments
subject: environmental valuation
subject: relevance of attributes

description: Valuing ecosystem services with stated preference methods requires operationalizing these services for the purposes of the survey. This study presents a process for selecting agricultural ecosystem services for attributes of a choice experiment and analyzes how the relevance of these attributes affects respondents’ preferences, allowing for individual preference and scale heterogeneity. The results show that a non-significant cost attribute is associated with low relevance of the attributes, and that respondents who consider the attributes relevant have less uncertainty in their answers. The findings emphasize the importance of attribute selection when the object of the valuation is complex, such as certain ecosystem services.
Evidence of Fermi-Surface Reconstruction at the Metamagnetic Transition of the Strongly Correlated Superconductor UTe2
Creators: name: Niu, Qun
name: Knebel, Georg
name: Braithwaite, Daniel
name: Aoki, Dai
name: Lapertot, Gérard
name: Vališka, Michal
name: Seyfarth, Gabriel
name: Knafo, William
name: Helm, Toni
name: Brison, Jean-Pascal
name: Flouquet, Jacques
name: Pourret, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermoelectric power ($S$) and Hall effect ($R_\mathrm{H}$) measurements on the paramagnetic superconductor UTe$_2$ with magnetic field applied along the hard magnetization $b$-axis are reported. The first order nature of the metamagnetic transition at $H_\mathrm{m}=H^b_\mathrm{c2}=35$~T leads to drastic consequences on $S$ and $R_\mathrm{H}$. In contrast to the field dependence of the specific heat in the normal state through $H_\mathrm{m}$, $S(H)$ is not symmetric with respect to $H_\mathrm{m}$. This implies a strong interplay between ferromagnetic (FM) fluctuations and a Fermi-surface reconstruction at $H_\mathrm{m}$. $R_\mathrm{H}$ is very well described by incoherent skew scattering above the coherence temperature $T_\mathrm{m}$ corresponding roughly to the temperature of the maximum in the susceptibility $T_{χ_\mathrm{max}}$ and coherent skew scattering at lower temperatures. The discontinuous field dependence of both, $S(H)$ and the ordinary Hall coefficient $R_0$, at $H_\mathrm{m}$ and at low temperature, provides evidence of a change in the band structure at the Fermi level.
description: 5 figures in the main text; 9 figures in the supplemental material
Salt parameterization can drastically affect the results from classical atomistic simulations of water desalination by MoS$_2$ nanopores
Creators: name: Abal, João P. K.
name: Bordin, José Rafael
name: Barbosa, Marcia C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Water scarcity is a reality in our world, and scenarios predicted by leading scientists in this area indicate that it will worsen in the next decades. However, new technologies based in low-cost seawater desalination can prevent the worst scenarios, providing fresh water for humanity. With this goal, membranes based in nanoporous materials have been suggested in recent years. One of the materials suggested is MoS$_2$, and classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation is one of the most powerful tools to explore these nanomaterials. However, distinct Force Fields employed in MD simulations are parameterized based on distinct experimental quantities. In this paper, we compare two models of salt that were build based on distinct properties of water-salt mixtures. One model fits the hydration free energy and lattice properties, the second fits the crystal density and the density and the dielectric constant of water and salt mixtures. To compare the models, MD simulations for salty water flow through two nanopores sizes were used -- one pore big enough to accommodate hydrated ions, and one smaller in which the ion has to dehydrate to enter, and two rigid water models from the TIP4P family -- the TIP4P/2005 and TIP4P/$ε$. Our results indicate that the water permeability and salt rejection by the membrane are more influenced by the salt model than by the water model, especially for the narrow pore. In fact, completely distinct mechanisms were observed, and they are related to the characteristics employed in the ion model parameterization. The results show that not only the water model can influence the outcomes, but the ion model plays a crucial role.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures
Supplementary material from "Assessing Corrosion Resistance of 2D Nanomaterial-based Coatings on Stainless Steel Substrates" from Assessing corrosion resistance of two-dimensional nanomaterial-based coatings on stainless steel substrates
Creators: name: Mujib, Shakir Bin
name: Santanu Mukherjee
name: Zhongkan Ren
name: Singh, Gurpreet
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Comparative performance study of SS, PVDF, MoS2, BN, and graphite
How well is the Russian wheat market functioning? A comparison with the corn market in the USA
Creators: name: Svanidze, Miranda
name: Götz, Linde
name: Svanidze, Miranda
name: Götz, Linde
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Regional market integration
subject: Threshold vector error correction model
subject: Russia
subject: USA
subject: Export ban

description: Given Russia’s leading position in the world wheat trade, how well its grain markets function becomes very important question to evaluate the state of future global food security. We use a threshold vector error correction model to explicitly account for the influence of trade costs on price relationships in the grain markets of Russia and the USA. In addition, we study impact of market characteristics on regional wheat market integration. Empirical evaluation shows that distance between markets, interregional trade flows, export orientation, export tax and export ban all have a significant impact on the magnitude of wheat market integration.
Nachteilsausgleich bei ADHS an Schaffhauser Primarschulen Momentaufnahmen der Praxis und aktueller Forschungsstand als Grundlage für die Entwicklung von Umsetzungshilfen
Creators: name: Karrer, Ariane
name: Messerli, Simone
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Nachteil
Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Syndrom
Masterarbeit

description: Die vorliegende Entwicklungsarbeit befasst sich mit Umsetzungshilfen für den Nachteilsausgleich bei
 ADHS auf Primarstufe. Nachteilsausgleichsmassnahmen dienen dazu, behinderungsbedingte
 Nachteile auszugleichen. Die Autorinnen gehen der Frage nach, welche Massnahmen im Kanton
 Schaffhausen zulässig sind, welche Hinweise sich in der aktuellen Literatur zur ADHS finden und welche
 lokalen Besonderheiten es zu berücksichtigen gilt. Die qualitative Auswertung von Leitfadeninterviews
 mit Betroffenen, Eltern, Lehrpersonen und involvierten Fachpersonen zeigt, welche Massnahmen
 bereits umgesetzt und wie sie bewertet werden. Aus dieser Momentaufnahme der Praxis werden in
 Abgleich mit der Theorie Umsetzungshilfen für individuell angepasste Nachteilsausgleichsmassnahmen
 bei ADHS erstellt. Darüber hinaus werden Empfehlungen für eine gelingende Umsetzung gemacht.
Gas relative permeability in unconventional reservoir rocks
Creators: name: Ghanbarian, Behzad
name: Liang, Feng
name: Liu, Hui-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate modeling of gas relative permeability has practical applications in oil and gas exploration, production and recovery of unconventional reservoirs. In this study, we apply concepts from the effective-medium approximation (EMA) and universal power-law scaling from percolation theory. Although the EMA has been successfully used to estimate relative permeability in conventional porous media, to the best of our knowledge, its applications to unconventional reservoir rocks have not been addressed yet. The main objective of this study, therefore, is to evaluate the efficiency of EMA, in combination with universal power-law scaling from percolation theory, in estimating gas relative permeability from pore size distribution and pore connectivity. We presume that gas flow is mainly controlled by two main mechanisms contributing in parallel (1) hydraulic flow and (2) molecular flow. We then apply the EMA to determine effective conductances and, consequently, gas relative permeability at higher gas saturations, and the universal scaling from percolation theory at lower gas saturation values. Comparisons with two pore-network simulations and six experimental measurements from the literature show that, in the absence of microfractures, the proposed model estimates gas relative permeability reasonably well in shales and tight porous rocks. More specifically, we found that the crossover point, gas saturation at which transport crosses from percolation theory to the EMA, is non-universal. The value of crossover gas saturation is a function of pore space characteristics such as pore size distribution broadness and critical gas saturation. This means that one should expect the crossover gas saturation to vary from one rock sample to another.
Supplemental Videos description from A minimal mechanosensing model predicts keratocyte evolution on flexible substrates
Creators: name: Zhiwen Zhang
name: Phoebus Rosakis
name: Hou, Thomas Y.
name: Guruswami Ravichandran
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A mathematical model is proposed for shape evolution and locomotion of fish epidermal keratocytes on elastic substrates. The model is based on mechanosensing concepts: cells apply contractile forces onto the elastic substrate, while cell shape evolution depends locally on the substrate stress generated by themselves or external mechanical stimuli acting on the substrate. We use the level set method to study the behaviour of the model numerically, and predict a number of distinct phenomena observed in experiments, such as (i) symmetry breaking from the stationary centrosymmetric to the well-known steadily propagating crescent shape, (ii) asymmetric bipedal oscillations and travelling waves in the lamellipodium leading edge, (iii) response to remote mechanical stress externally applied to the substrate (tensotaxis) and (iv) changing direction of motion towards an interface with a rigid substrate (durotaxis).
Redshift evolution of the underlying type Ia supernova stretch distribution
Creators: name: Nicolas, N.
name: Rigault, M.
name: Copin, Y.
name: Graziani, R.
name: Aldering, G.
name: Briday, M.
name: Nordin, J.
name: Kim, Y. -L.
name: Perlmutter, S.
name: Smith, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detailed nature of type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) remains uncertain, and as survey statistics increase, the question of astrophysical systematic uncertainties arises, notably that of the evolution of SN Ia populations. We study the dependence on redshift of the SN Ia light-curve stretch, a purely intrinsic SN property, to probe its potential redshift drift. The SN stretch has been shown to be strongly correlated with the SN environment, notably with stellar age tracers. We modeled the underlying stretch distribution as a function of redshift, using the evolution of the fraction of young and old SNe Ia as predicted using the SNfactory dataset, and assuming a constant underlying stretch distribution for each age population consisting of Gaussian mixtures. We tested our prediction against published samples that were cut to have marginal magnitude selection effects so that any observed change is indeed astrophysical and not observational in origin. In this first study, there are indications that the underlying SN Ia stretch distribution evolves as a function of redshift, and that the age drifting model is a better description of the data than any time-constant model, including the sample-based asymmetric distributions that are often used to correct Malmquist bias at a significance higher than 5 $σ$. The favored underlying stretch model is a bimodal one, composed of a high-stretch mode shared by both young and old environments, and a low-stretch mode that is exclusive to old environments. The precise effect of the redshift evolution of the intrinsic properties of a SN Ia population on cosmology remains to be studied. The astrophysical drift of the SN stretch distribution does affect current Malmquist bias corrections and hence the distances that are derived using SNe that are affected by observational selection effects. This bias increases with surveys covering larger redshift ranges.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures; submitted to A&A and accepted on 17th March 2021. Replacing the previous version, adding section 2.1 with 1 more page and 1 more figure
Micaria alpina L. Koch 1872
Creators: name: Paschetta, Mauro
name: Christille, Claretta
name: Marguerettaz, Fabio
name: Isaia, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Gnaphosidae
Micaria
Micaria alpina

description: Micaria alpina L. Koch, 1872
 LITERATURE. — Pesarini 2000; [Isaia 2005]; Negro et al. 2009, 2010; [Rossi & Bosio 2012].
CHOROTYPE. — OLA.
MACROHABITAT. — Coniferous forests.
description: Published as part of Paschetta, Mauro, Christille, Claretta, Marguerettaz, Fabio & Isaia, Marco, 2016, Regional catalogue of the spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of Aosta Valley (NW Italy), pp. 49-125 in Zoosystema 38 (1) on page 69, DOI: 10.5252/z2016n1a3, http://zenodo.org/record/4578074
Binnenkolonisierung, Moorkultivierung und Torfwirtschaft im Emsland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des südlichen Bourtanger Moores – Entwicklungslinien und Forschungsstand
Internal colonisation, moor cultivation and peat economy in the Emsland district under special consideration of the southern „Bourtanger Moor“ – lines of development and state of research
Creators: name: Haverkamp, Michael
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2011

description: Summary: Most of the Emsland moorlands finally vanished with the „Emsland plan“. The foundation of settlements in the 17th and 18th century which stagnated in poor development, picked up again under the aegis of the Prussian government. Wasteland cultivation, internal colonisation and economic exploitation of peat became guiding principles in the „conquest“ of the moors, not only of the Emsland district or northwest Germany. This development was interrupted by the Second World War. Acting as a consequence of the necessity to create living space for refugees in the post-war period, the moor cultivation grew into a space reform of an unimaginable degree, especially in the districts of the Emsland and Grafschaft Bentheim. The present essay investigates the different stages of this development and shows the research desiderata according to the latest state of research.
description: Zusammenfassung: Mit dem Emslandplan verschwand der größte Teil der emsländischen Moore als Naturraum endgültig. Was mit Siedlungsgründungen im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert begann und lange Jahre in ärmlicher Entwicklung stagnierte, nahm unter der Ägide der preußischen Regierung Fahrt auf. Ödlandkultivierung, Binnenkolonisation und wirtschaftliche Nut zung der Torfe wurden zu Leitmotiven der „Eroberung“ der Moore, nicht nur des Emslandes oder Nordwestdeutschlands. Diese Entwicklung wurde durch den Zweiten Welt krieg unterbrochen. In der Nachkriegszeit, aus der Not heraus forciert Lebensraum für Flüchtlinge zu schaffen, erwuchs die Moorkultivierung in der Zeit des Wirtschaftswunders vor allem in den Landkreisen Emsland und Grafschaft Bentheim zu einer Raumneuordnung unvorstellbaren Ausmaßes. Der vorliegende Aufsatz folgt diesen Entwicklungsschritten und zeigt anhand des aktuellen Forschungsstandes die Forschungsdeside rata auf.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
A Cosmic Relation between Extinction and Star Formation
Creators: name: Zoran, Oren
name: Barkana, Rennan
name: Thompson, Rodger I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relation between the star formation intensity of galaxies and the extinction by dust of their emitted light. We employ a detailed statistical analysis of Hubble Deep Field North data to show a clear positive correlation between the extinction and star formation intensity at all epochs from redshift 0.4 to 6.5. The extinction evidently increases with time for a given star formation intensity, consistent with the expected increase in the metallicity with time. Our observational results are well fitted at all epochs by a double power-law model with a fixed shape that simply shifts with redshift. The correlation between the extinction and the star formation intensity can be interpreted by combining two other trends: the correlation between the star formation rate and the gas content of galaxies, and the evolution of the dust-to-gas ratio in galaxies. If we assume that Kennicutt's observed relation for the former is valid at each redshift, then our findings imply an interesting variation in the dust-to-gas ratio in galaxies within each epoch and with time, and suggest new ways to investigate the cosmic evolution of this quantity.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, MNRAS Letters, revised version
Upper bounds on device-independent quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Christandl, Matthias
name: Ferrara, Roberto
name: Horodecki, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a method that distributes a secret key to a sender and a receiver by the transmission of quantum particles (e.g. photons). Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) is a version of QKD with a stronger notion of security, in that the sender and receiver base their protocol only on the statistics of input and outputs of their devices as inspired by Bell's theorem. We study the rate at which DIQKD can be carried out for a given bipartite quantum state distributed between the sender and receiver or a quantum channel connecting them. We provide upper bounds on the achievable rate going beyond upper bounds possible for QKD. In particular, we construct states and channels where the QKD rate is significant while the DIQKD rate is negligible. This gap is illustrated for a practical case arising when using standard post-processing techniques for entangled two-qubit states.
description: v3: published version v2: fixed mistake in the example, v1: 15 pages, 8 figures