cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Norovirus Infection in Young Nicaraguan Children Induces Durable and Genotype-Specific Antibody Immunity
Creators: name: Zepeda, O.
name: Baric, R.
name: Vielot, N.
name: Centeno, E.
name: Vinjé, J.
name: Lindesmith, L.C.
name: Brewer-Jensen, P.D.
name: Gutiérrez, L.
name: Reyes, Y.
name: Bucardo, F.
name: Becker-Dreps, S.
name: González, F.
name: Mallory, M.L.
name: Diez-Valcarce, M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: There are significant challenges to the development of a pediatric norovirus vaccine, mainly due to the antigenic diversity among strains infecting young children. Characterizing human norovirus serotypes and understanding norovirus immunity in naïve children would provide key information for designing rational vaccine platforms. In this study, 26 Nicaraguan children experiencing their first norovirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) episode during the first 18 months of life were investigated. We used a surrogate neutralization assay that measured antibodies blocking the binding of 13 different norovirus virus-like particles (VLPs) to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in pre- and post-infection sera. To assess for asymptomatic norovirus infections, stools from asymptomatic children were collected monthly, screened for norovirus by RT-qPCR and genotyped by sequencing. Seroconversion of an HBGA-blocking antibody matched the infecting genotype in 25 (96%) of the 26 children. A subset of 13 (50%) and 4 (15%) of the 26 children experienced monotypic GII and GI seroconversion, respectively, strongly suggesting a type-specific response in naïve children, and 9 (35%) showed multitypic seroconversion. The most frequent pairing in multitypic seroconversion (8/12) were GII.4 Sydney and GII.12 noroviruses, both co-circulating at the time. Blocking antibody titers to these two genotypes did not correlate with each other, suggesting multiple exposure rather than cross-reactivity between genotypes. In addition, GII titers remained consistent for at least 19 months post-infection, demonstrating durable immunity. In conclusion, the first natural norovirus gastroenteritis episodes in these young children were dominated by a limited number of genotypes and induced responses of antibodies blocking binding of norovirus VLPs in a genotype-specific manner, suggesting that an effective pediatric norovirus vaccine likely needs to be multivalent and include globally dominant genotypes. The duration of protection from natural infections provides optimism for pediatric norovirus vaccines administered early in life.
The Relation between Dynamical Mass-to-Light Ratio and Color for Massive Quiescent Galaxies out to z~2 and Comparison with Stellar Population Synthesis Models
Creators: name: van de Sande, Jesse
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Franx, Marijn
name: Bezanson, Rachel
name: van Dokkum, Pieter G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the relation between the dynamical mass-to-light ratio ($M/L$) and rest-frame color of massive quiescent galaxies out to z~2. We use a galaxy sample with measured stellar velocity dispersions in combination with Hubble Space Telescope and ground-based multi-band photometry. Our sample spans a large range in $\log M_{dyn}/L_{g}$ (of 1.6~dex) and $\log M_{dyn}/L_{K}$ (of 1.3~dex). There is a strong, approximately linear correlation between the $M/L$ for different wavebands and rest-frame color. The root-mean-scatter scatter in $\log~M_{dyn}/L$ residuals implies that it is possible to estimate the $M/L$ with an accuracy of ~0.25 dex from a single rest-frame optical color. Stellar population synthesis (SPS) models with a Salpeter stellar initial mass function (IMF) can not simultaneously match $M_{dyn}/L_{g}$ vs. $(g-z)_{rest-frame}$ and $M_{dyn}/L_{K}$ vs. $(g-K)_{rest-frame}$. By changing the slope of the IMF we are still unable to explain the M/L of the bluest and reddest galaxies. We find that an IMF with a slope between $α=2.35$ and $α=1.35$ provides the best match. We also explore a broken IMF with a Salpeter slope at $M<1M_{\odot}$ and $M>4M_{\odot}$ and a slope $α$ in the intermediate region. The data favor a slope of $α=1.35$ over $α=2.35$. Nonetheless, our results show that variations between different SPS models are comparable to the IMF variations. In our analysis we assume that the variation in $M/L$ and color is driven by differences in age, and that other contributions (e.g., metallicity evolution, dark matter) are small. These assumptions may be an important source of uncertainty as galaxies evolve in more complex ways.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Building Capacity for Implementation Science in Precision Health and Society: Development of a Course for Professional and Graduate Students in Pharmacy
Creators: name: McLaughlin, J.E.
name: Roberts, M.C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Training in the field of implementation science is critical for future pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists to successfully implement precision health interventions in pharmacy practice. We developed an elective course for second- and third-year students at the UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy to develop foundational knowledge in implementation science with a focus on precision health implementation. The eight-week course used a flipped classroom format featuring lecture videos, suggested readings, quizzes, guest lectures from experts, case studies, and a group project. We evaluated course quality through class participation, a pre- and post-test on course content, and a mixed-methods survey completed by the students. Overall engagement in in the course was high and students demonstrated significant improvement in understanding of implementation science and precision health. Strengths of the course as identified by students were the use of expert guest speakers, pre-class lectures, and case study exercises, while the ordering of content and improved connection between content and guest lectures were identified as areas for improvement. In conclusion, the elective course was well-received and meets a critical need in the field of pharmacy to build implementation science capacity. Future work is needed to expand and refine education for the implementation of precision health for pharmacy professionals.
title: Uncovering International Aid in China from UNRRA, 1943-1947
Creators: name: Tao, Jiayi
Publisher: name: ZZF - Centre for Contemporary History: Zeitgeschichte online
Year: 2018

description: UNRRA (1943-1947) was an international organization that coordinated relief for victims of the Second World War in areas liberated from Axis control. Existing historical scholarship has put an unbalanced emphasis on global post-war reconstruction: European experiences have attracted much attention whereas scholars pay little attention to non-Western cases, with a few exceptions such as Japan. For long, not only in Western media, but also in Chinese historical scholarship, China has been either regarded as a passive recipient of international humanitarianism, or has simply been overlooked. But looking at UNRRA in China provides us with an opportunity to investigate how non-Western actors and motivations could shape a transnational humanitarian project, in a way different from European cases.
Sensitivity of $CP$ Violation of $Λ$ decay in $J/ψ\to Λ\barΛ$ at STCF
Creators: name: Xu, Yue
name: Zhou, Xiaorong
name: Shi, Xiaodong
name: Guo, Yongxin
name: Liu, Kuiyong
name: Gong, Li
name: Kang, Xiaoshen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The process of $J/ψ\to Λ\barΛ$ is studied using $1.0\times10^{12}$ $J/ψ$ Monte Carlo (MC) events at $\sqrt{s}$=3.097 GeV with a fast simulation software at future Super Tau Charm Facility (STCF). The statistical sensitivity for $CP$ violation is determined to be the order of $\mathcal{O} (10^{-4})$ by measuring the asymmetric parameters of the $Λ$ decay. Furthermore, the decay of $J/ψ\to Λ\barΛ$ also serves as a benchmark process to optimize the detector responses using the interface provided by the fast simulation software.
Role of Caspases and Gasdermin A during HSV-1 Infection in Mice
Creators: name: Larson, H.N.
name: Lazear, H.M.
name: Jørgensen, I.
name: Miao, E.A.
name: Kovacs, S.B.
name: Li, L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection can manifest locally as mucocutaneous lesions or keratitis and can also spread to the central nervous system to cause encephalitis. HSV-1 establishes a lifelong latent infection and neither cure nor vaccine is currently available. The innate immune response is the first line of defense against infection. Caspases and gasdermins are important components of innate immunity. Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases, most of which mediate regulated cell death. Gasdermins are a family of pore-forming proteins that trigger lytic cell death. To determine whether caspases or gasdermins contribute to innate immune defenses against HSV-1, we screened mice deficient in specific cell death genes. Our results indicate a modest role for caspase-6 in defense against HSV-1. Further, Asc–/–Casp1/11–/– mice also had a modest increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection. Caspase-7, -8, and -14 did not have a notable role in controlling HSV-1 infection. We generated Gsdma1-Gsdma2-Gsdma3 triple knockout mice, which also had normal susceptibility to HSV-1. We confirmed that the previously published importance of RIPK3 during systemic HSV-1 infection also holds true during skin infection. Overall, our data highlight that as a successful pathogen, HSV-1 has multiple ways to evade host innate immune responses.
Additional file 4 of Malaria prevalence in HIV-positive children, pregnant women, and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mirzohreh, Seyedeh-Tarlan
name: Safarpour, Hanieh
name: Pagheh, Abdol Sattar
name: Bangoura, Berit
name: Barac, Aleksandra
name: Ahmadpour, Ehsan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S3. Summary score for methodological quality of analytic cohort studies.
Nonparametric Bayesian volatility estimation for gamma-driven stochastic differential equations
Creators: name: Belomestny, Denis
name: Gugushvili, Shota
name: Schauer, Moritz
name: Spreij, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G20 (Primary) 62M30 (Secondary)

description: We study a nonparametric Bayesian approach to estimation of the volatility function of a stochastic differential equation driven by a gamma process. The volatility function is modelled a priori as piecewise constant, and we specify a gamma prior on its values. This leads to a straightforward procedure for posterior inference via an MCMC procedure. We give theoretical performance guarantees (contraction rates for the posterior) for the Bayesian estimate in terms of the regularity of the unknown volatility function. We illustrate the method on synthetic and real data examples.
MPEC 2023-O115 : DAILY ORBIT UPDATE (2023 July 30)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Mucins and CFTR: Their Close Relationship
Creators: name: Shaffer, K.M.
name: Ehre, C.
name: Okuda, K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Mucociliary clearance is a critical defense mechanism for the lungs governed by regionally coordinated epithelial cellular activities, including mucin secretion, cilia beating, and transepithelial ion transport. Cystic fibrosis (CF), an autosomal genetic disorder caused by the dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, is characterized by failed mucociliary clearance due to abnormal mucus biophysical properties. In recent years, with the development of highly effective modulator therapies, the quality of life of a significant number of people living with CF has greatly improved; however, further understanding the cellular biology relevant to CFTR and airway mucus biochemical interactions are necessary to develop novel therapies aimed at restoring CFTR gene expression in the lungs. In this article, we discuss recent advances of transcriptome analysis at single-cell levels that revealed a heretofore unanticipated close relationship between secretory MUC5AC and MUC5B mucins and CFTR in the lungs. In addition, we review recent findings on airway mucus biochemical and biophysical properties, focusing on how mucin secretion and CFTR-mediated ion transport are integrated to maintain airway mucus homeostasis in health and how CFTR dysfunction and restoration of function affect mucus properties.
The Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background and Implications for Dark-Matter Annihilation
Creators: name: Ajello, M.
name: Gasparrini, D.
name: Sanchez-Conde, M.
name: Zaharijas, G.
name: Gustafsson, M.
name: Cohen-Tanugi, J.
name: Dermer, C. D.
name: Inoue, Y.
name: Hartmann, D.
name: Ackermann, M.
name: Bechtol, K.
name: Franckowiak, A.
name: Reimer, A.
name: Romani, R. W.
name: Strong, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of the extragalactic $γ$-ray background (EGB) has been debated for some time. { The EGB comprises the $γ$-ray emission from resolved and unresolved extragalactic sources, such as blazars, star-forming galaxies and radio galaxies, as well as radiation from truly diffuse processes.} This letter focuses on the blazar source class, the most numerous detected population, and presents an updated luminosity function and spectral energy distribution model consistent with the blazar observations performed by the {\it Fermi} Large Area Telescope (LAT). We show that blazars account for 50$^{+12}_{-11}$\,\% of the EGB photons ($>$0.1\,GeV), and that {\it Fermi}-LAT has already resolved $\sim$70\,\% of this contribution. Blazars, and in particular low-luminosity hard-spectrum nearby sources like BL Lacs, are responsible for most of the EGB emission above 100\,GeV. We find that the extragalactic background light, which attenuates blazars' high-energy emission, is responsible for the high-energy cut-off observed in the EGB spectrum. Finally, we show that blazars, star-forming galaxies and radio galaxies can naturally account for the amplitude and spectral shape of the background in the 0.1--820\,GeV range, leaving only modest room for other contributions. This allows us to set competitive constraints on the dark-matter annihilation cross section.
description: On behalf of the Fermi-LAT collaboration. Contact authors: M. Ajello, D. Gasparrini, M. Sanchez-Conde, G. Zaharijas, M. Gustafsson. Accepted for publication on ApJL
Additional file 5 of Malaria prevalence in HIV-positive children, pregnant women, and adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Mirzohreh, Seyedeh-Tarlan
name: Safarpour, Hanieh
name: Pagheh, Abdol Sattar
name: Bangoura, Berit
name: Barac, Aleksandra
name: Ahmadpour, Ehsan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Table S4. Summary score for methodological quality of analytic RCT studies.
On the influence of clipping in lossless predictive and wavelet coding of noisy images
Creators: name: Schnurrer, Wolfgang
name: Seiler, Jürgen
name: Schöberl, Michael
name: Kaup, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Especially in lossless image coding the obtainable compression ratio strongly depends on the amount of noise included in the data as all noise has to be coded, too. Different approaches exist for lossless image coding. We analyze the compression performance of three kinds of approaches, namely direct entropy, predictive and wavelet-based coding. The results from our theoretical model are compared to simulated results from standard algorithms that base on the three approaches. As long as no clipping occurs with increasing noise more bits are needed for lossless compression. We will show that for very noisy signals it is more advantageous to directly use an entropy coder without advanced preprocessing steps.
PARAFAC2 AO-ADMM: Constraints in all modes
Creators: name: Roald, Marie
name: Schenker, Carla
name: Cohen, Jeremy E.
name: Acar, Evrim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The PARAFAC2 model provides a flexible alternative to the popular CANDECOMP/PARAFAC (CP) model for tensor decompositions. Unlike CP, PARAFAC2 allows factor matrices in one mode (i.e., evolving mode) to change across tensor slices, which has proven useful for applications in different domains such as chemometrics, and neuroscience. However, the evolving mode of the PARAFAC2 model is traditionally modelled implicitly, which makes it challenging to regularise it. Currently, the only way to apply regularisation on that mode is with a flexible coupling approach, which finds the solution through regularised least-squares subproblems. In this work, we instead propose an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM)-based algorithm for fitting PARAFAC2 and widen the possible regularisation penalties to any proximable function. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed ADMM-based approach for PARAFAC2 can accurately recover the underlying components from simulated data while being both computationally efficient and flexible in terms of imposing constraints.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to EUSIPCO21
DNA Damage Repair Classifier Defines Distinct Groups in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Creators: name: Smith, M.A.
name: Damrauer, J.S.
name: Love, M.I.
name: Broaddus, R.R.
name: Walens, A.
name: Hoadley, K.A.
name: Van Alsten, S.C.
name: Maduekwe, U.N.
name: Troester, M.A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: DNA repair pathways have been associated with variability in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical outcomes, but the mechanism through which DNA repair varies as a function of liver regeneration and other HCC characteristics is poorly understood. We curated a panel of 199 genes representing 15 DNA repair pathways to identify DNA repair expression classes and evaluate their associations with liver features and clinicopathologic variables in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HCC study. We identified two groups in HCC, defined by low or high expression across all DNA repair pathways. The low-repair group had lower grade and retained the expression of classical liver markers, whereas the high-repair group had more clinically aggressive features, increased p53 mutant-like gene expression, and high liver regenerative gene expression. These pronounced features overshadowed the variation in the low-repair subset, but when considered separately, the low-repair samples included three subgroups: L1, L2, and L3. L3 had high DNA repair expression with worse progression-free (HR 1.24, 95% CI 0.81–1.91) and overall (HR 1.63, 95% CI 0.98–2.71) survival. High-repair outcomes were also significantly worse compared with the L1 and L2 groups. HCCs vary in DNA repair expression, and a subset of tumors with high regeneration profoundly disrupts liver biology and poor prognosis.
Structural phase transitions and topological defects in ion Coulomb crystals
Creators: name: Partner, Heather L.
name: Nigmatullin, Ramil
name: Burgermeister, Tobias
name: Keller, Jonas
name: Pyka, Karsten
name: Plenio, Martin B.
name: Retzker, Alex
name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
name: del Campo, Adolfo
name: Mehlstäubler, Tanja E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use laser-cooled ion Coulomb crystals in the well-controlled environment of a harmonic radiofrequency ion trap to investigate phase transitions and defect formation. Topological defects in ion Coulomb crystals (kinks) have been recently proposed for studies of nonlinear physics with solitons and as carriers of quantum information. Defects form when a symmetry breaking phase transition is crossed nonadiabatically. For a second order phase transition, the Kibble-Zurek mechanism predicts that the formation of these defects follows a power law scaling in the rate of the transition. We demonstrate a scaling of defect density and describe kink dynamics and stability. We further discuss the implementation of mass defects and electric fields as first steps toward controlled kink preparation and manipulation.
description: ECRYS-2014 Proceedings. 7 pages, 6 figures
Efficient lossless coding of highpass bands from block-based motion compensated wavelet lifting using JPEG 2000
Creators: name: Schnurrer, Wolfgang
name: Tröger, Tobias
name: Richter, Thomas
name: Seiler, Jürgen
name: Kaup, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Lossless image coding is a crucial task especially in the medical area, e.g., for volumes from Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Tomography. Besides lossless coding, compensated wavelet lifting offers a scalable representation of such huge volumes. While compensation methods increase the details in the lowpass band, they also vary the characteristics of the wavelet coefficients, so an adaption of the coefficient coder should be considered. We propose a simple invertible extension for JPEG 2000 that can reduce the filesize for lossless coding of the highpass band by 0.8% on average with peak rate saving of 1.1%.
Thermalization in Quenched Open Quantum Cosmology
Creators: name: Banerjee, Subhashish
name: Choudhury, Sayantan
name: Chowdhury, Satyaki
name: Knaute, Johannes
name: Panda, Sudhakar
name: Shirish, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we study the quantum field theoretic generalization of the Caldeira-Leggett model in general curved space-time considering interactions between two scalar fields in a classical gravitational background. The thermalization phenomena is then studied from the obtained de Sitter solution using quantum quench from one scalar field model obtained from path integrated effective action. We consider an instantaneous quench in the time-dependent mass protocol of the field of our interest. We find that the dynamics of the field post-quench can be described in terms of the state of the generalized Calabrese-Cardy (gCC) form and computed the different types of two-point correlation functions in this context. We explicitly found the conserved charges of $W_{\infty}$ algebra that represents the gCC state after a quench in de Sitter space and found it to be significantly different from the flat space-time results. We extend our study for the different two-point correlation functions not only considering the pre-quench state as the ground state, but also a squeezed state. We found that irrespective of the pre-quench state, the post quench state can be written in terms of the gCC state showing that the subsystem of our interest thermalizes in de Sitter space. Furthermore, we provide a general expression for the two-point correlators and explicitly show the thermalization process by considering a thermal Generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE). Finally, from the equal time momentum dependent counterpart of the obtained results for the two-point correlators, we have studied the hidden features of the power spectra and studied its consequences for different choices of the quantum initial conditions.
description: 129 pages, 25 figures, Detailed explanations, and derivations added, Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics B
Supplementary Information 1 from Network comparison and the within-ensemble graph distance
Creators: name: Hartle, Harrison
name: Klein, Brennan
name: McCabe, Stefan
name: Daniels, Alexander
name: St-Onge, Guillaume
name: Murphy, Charles
name: Hébert-Dufresne, Laurent
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 80110 Simulation and Modelling
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 80201 Analysis of Algorithms and Complexity

description: Supplementary information about the graph distances used in this work, as well as additional experimental details.
Analysis of displacement compensation methods for wavelet lifting of medical 3-D thorax CT volume data
Creators: name: Schnurrer, Wolfgang
name: Seiler, Jürgen
name: Wige, Eugen
name: Kaup, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A huge advantage of the wavelet transform in image and video compression is its scalability. Wavelet-based coding of medical computed tomography (CT) data becomes more and more popular. While much effort has been spent on encoding of the wavelet coefficients, the extension of the transform by a compensation method as in video coding has not gained much attention so far. We will analyze two compensation methods for medical CT data and compare the characteristics of the displacement compensated wavelet transform with video data. We will show that for thorax CT data the transform coding gain can be improved by a factor of 2 and the quality of the lowpass band can be improved by 8 dB in terms of PSNR compared to the original transform without compensation.
Additional file 1 of “Focus more on what’s right instead of what’s wrong:” research priorities identified by a sample of transgender and gender diverse community health center patients
Creators: name: LeBlanc, Merrily
name: Radix, Asa
name: Sava, Lauren
name: Harris, Alexander B.
name: Asquith, Andrew
name: Pardee, Dana J.
name: Reisner, Sari L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Driving extreme variability: The evolving corona and evidence for jet launching in Markarian 335
Creators: name: Wilkins, D. R.
name: Gallo, L. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variations in the X-ray emission from the narrow line Seyfert 1 galaxy, Markarian 335 (Mrk 335), are studied on both long and short timescales through observations made between 2006 and 2013 with XMM-Newton, Suzaku and NuSTAR. Changes in the geometry and energetics of the corona that give rise to this variability are inferred through measurements of the relativistically blurred reflection seen from the accretion disc. On long timescales, we find that during the high flux epochs the corona has expanded, covering the inner regions of the accretion disc out to a radius of 26(-7,+10)rg. The corona contracts to within 12rg and 5rg in the intermediate and low flux epochs, respectively. While the earlier high flux observation made in 2006 is consistent with a corona extending over the inner part of the accretion disc, a later high flux observation that year revealed that the X-ray source had become collimated into a vertically-extended jet-like corona and suggested relativistic motion of material upward. On short timescales, we find that an X-ray flare during a low flux epoch in 2013 corresponded to a reconfiguration from a slightly extended corona to one much more compact, within just 2~3rg of the black hole. There is evidence that during the flare itself, the spectrum softened and the corona became collimated and slightly extended vertically as if a jet-launching event was aborted. Understanding the evolution of the X-ray emitting corona may reveal the underlying mechanism by which the luminous X-ray sources in AGN are powered.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Assembling Fibonacci Anyons From a $\mathbb{Z}_3$ Parafermion Lattice Model
Creators: name: Stoudenmire, E. M.
name: Clarke, David J.
name: Mong, Roger S. K.
name: Alicea, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent concrete proposals suggest it is possible to engineer a two-dimensional bulk phase supporting non-Abelian Fibonacci anyons out of Abelian fractional quantum Hall systems. The low-energy degrees of freedom of such setups can be modeled as $\mathbb{Z}_3$ parafermions "hopping" on a two-dimensional lattice. We use the density matrix renormalization group to study a model of this type interpolating between the decoupled-chain, triangular-lattice, and square-lattice limits. The results show clear evidence of the Fibonacci phase over a wide region of the phase diagram, most notably including the isotropic triangular lattice point. We also study the broader phase diagram of this model and show that elsewhere it supports an Abelian state with semionic excitations.
description: 19 pages, 22 figures
Additional file 2 of Transcriptional and epigenetic changes during tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in tomato
Creators: name: Romero-Rodríguez, Beatriz
name: Petek, Marko
name: Jiao, Chen
name: Križnik, Maja
name: Zagorščak, Maja
name: Fei, Zhangjun
name: Bejarano, Eduardo R.
name: Gruden, Kristina
name: Castillo, Araceli G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 2. Fig. S2. TYLCV accumulation and symptoms development in tomato plants during the infection.
A new ultra low-level HPGe activity counting setup in the Felsenkeller shallow-underground laboratory
Creators: name: Turkat, S.
name: Bemmerer, D.
name: Boeltzig, A.
name: Domula, A. R.
name: Koch, J.
name: Lossin, T.
name: Osswald, M.
name: Schmidt, K.
name: Zuber, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new ultra low-level counting setup has been installed in the shallow-underground laboratory Felsenkeller in Dresden, Germany. It includes a high-purity germanium detector (HPGe) of 163\% relative efficiency within passive and active shields. The passive shield consists of 45m rock overburden (140 meters water equivalent), 40 cm of low-activity concrete, and a lead and copper castle enclosed by an anti-radon box. The passive shielding alone is found to reduce the background rate to rates comparable to other shallow-underground laboratories. An additional active veto is given by five large plastic scintillation panels surrounding the setup. It further reduces the background rate by more than one order of magnitude down to 116$\pm$1 kg$^{-1}$ d$^{-1}$ in an energy interval of 40-2700 keV. This low background rate is unprecedented for shallow-underground laboratories and close to deep underground laboratories.
description: Submitted to Astroparticle Physics; corrected typo in abstract
Crime and Mismeasured Punishment: Marginal Treatment Effect with Misclassification
Creators: name: Possebom, Vitor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: I partially identify the marginal treatment effect (MTE) when the treatment is misclassified. I explore two restrictions, allowing for dependence between the instrument and the misclassification decision. If the signs of the derivatives of the propensity scores are equal, I identify the MTE sign. If those derivatives are similar, I bound the MTE. To illustrate, I analyze the impact of alternative sentences (fines and community service v. no punishment) on recidivism in Brazil, where Appeals processes generate misclassification. The estimated misclassification bias may be as large as 10% of the largest possible MTE, and the bounds contain the correctly estimated MTE.
description: Version 7 has a more focused discussion of Assumptions 1-6
MPEC 2023-O116 : 2023 OD5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 OD5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The C. elegans gonadal sheath Sh1 cells extend asymmetrically over a differentiating germ cell population in the proliferative zone
Creators: name: Miller, C.
name: Sosseh, B.
name: Singh, N.
name: Li, X.
name: Gordon, K.L.
name: Washington, I.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: The Caenorhabditis elegans adult hermaphrodite germline is surrounded by a thin tube formed by somatic sheath cells that support germ cells as they mature from the stem-like mitotic state through meiosis, gametogenesis, and ovulation. Recently, we discovered that the distal Sh1 sheath cells associate with mitotic germ cells as they exit the niche Gordon et al., 2020. Here, we report that these sheath-associated germ cells differentiate first in animals with temperature-sensitive mutations affecting germ cell state, and stem-like germ cells are maintained distal to the Sh1 boundary. We analyze several markers of the distal sheath, which is best visualized with endogenously tagged membrane proteins, as overexpressed fluorescent proteins fail to localize to distal membrane processes and can cause gonad morphology defects. However, such reagents with highly variable expression can be used to determine the relative positions of the two Sh1 cells, one of which often extends further distal than the other.
Additional file 1 of EZH2 mutations at diagnosis in follicular lymphoma: a promising biomarker to guide frontline treatment
Creators: name: Martínez-Laperche, C.
name: Sanz-Villanueva, L.
name: Díaz Crespo, F. J.
name: Muñiz, P.
name: Martín Rojas, R.
name: Carbonell, D.
name: Chicano, M.
name: Suárez-González, J.
name: Menárguez, J.
name: Kwon, M.
name: Diez Martín, J. L.
name: Buño, I.
name: Bastos Oreiro, M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Custom set of primers for mutations in exons 16 and 18 for sanger sequencing. Supplementary Table 2. Custom set of probes and primers for mutation Y646N for RT-qPCR. Supplementary Table 3. Custom set of probes and LNA primers for mutations Y646C and Y646S for RT-qPCR. Supplementary Table 4. Custom set of probes and LNA primers for mutation A692V for RT-qPCR. Supplementary Table 5. Clinical characteristics, immunohistochemical and molecular markers available in patients treated with R-Benda VS. R-CHOP.
Development of the Simplified Chinese version of neonatal palliative care attitude scale
Creators: name: Sun, Xiaoming
name: Zhong, Yajing
name: Black, Beth Perry
name: Song, Yang
name: Kain, Victoria J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background The provision of palliative care for neonates who are not expected to survive has been slow in mainland China, and this model of care remains in its early stages. Evaluating nurses' attitudes toward neonatal palliative care (NPC) has the potential to provide valuable insight into barriers impeding NPC implementation. This study aimed to translate and adapt the traditional Chinese version of the Neonatal Palliative Care Attitude Scale (NiPCAS) into Simplified Chinese to assess its psychometric properties. Methods The NiPCAS is a valid and reliable instrument to measure nurses' attitudes for evidence-based practice. To date, the scale has not been used largely in mainland China. With translation and cultural adaptation, the traditional Chinese version of the NiPCAS was developed into a Simplified Chinese version. Its reliability was tested using internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and its validity was measured using the content validity index and exploratory factor analysis. Results A total of 595 neonatal nurses from mainland China were recruited. Twenty-six items in the scale were translated into Simplified Chinese. The scale demonstrated excellent reliability with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.87 and a test-retest reliability of 0.88. To support the Simplified Chinese version of NiPCAS, the scale content validity score was 0.98, and the exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors representing the conceptual dimensions of the scale. Conclusion This study demonstrated the psychometric properties of the Simplified Chinese version of NiPCAS, validated its use as a viable tool for measuring neonatal nurses' attitudes toward NPC, and identified facilitators and barriers to NPC adoption. Our findings suggested supported clinical application in the context of mainland China. A confirmatory factor-analysis approach with a different sample of neonatal nurses is required for further testing of the instrument in the future.
From Undecidability of Non-Triviality and Finiteness to Undecidability of Learnability
Creators: name: Caro, Matthias C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Machine learning researchers and practitioners steadily enlarge the multitude of successful learning models. They achieve this through in-depth theoretical analyses and experiential heuristics. However, there is no known general-purpose procedure for rigorously evaluating whether newly proposed models indeed successfully learn from data. We show that such a procedure cannot exist. For PAC binary classification, uniform and universal online learning, and exact learning through teacher-learner interactions, learnability is in general undecidable, both in the sense of independence of the axioms in a formal system and in the sense of uncomputability. Our proofs proceed via computable constructions that encode the consistency problem for formal systems and the halting problem for Turing machines into whether certain function classes are trivial/finite or highly complex, which we then relate to whether these classes are learnable via established characterizations of learnability through complexity measures. Our work shows that undecidability appears in the theoretical foundations of artificial intelligence: There is no one-size-fits-all algorithm for deciding whether a machine learning model can be successful. We cannot in general automatize the process of assessing new learning models.
description: 23 pages (main body) + 11 pages (references and appendix); 1 figure; Close to published version
Nonlinear interactions of ion acoustic waves explored using fast imaging decompositions
Creators: name: Vincent, Simon
name: Dolique, Vincent
name: Plihon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fast camera imaging is used to study ion acoustic waves propagating azimuthally in a magnetized plasma column. The high speed image sequences are analyzed using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition and 2D Fourier Transform, allowing to evaluate the assets and differences of both decomposition techniques. The spatio-temporal features of the waves are extracted from the high speed images, and highlight energy exchanges between modes. Growth rates of the modes are extracted from the reconstructed temporal evolution of the modes, revealing the influence of ion-neutral collisions as pressure increases. Finally, the nonlinear interactions between modes are extracted using bicoherence computations, and show the importance of interactions between modes with azimuthal wave numbers $m$, $m-1$ and $-1$, with $m$ an integer.
Parental stress measures and language intervention training for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder
Creators: name: Steve, McKinzee Marie
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2019
Subjects: Autism
Parent training
Stress
Parenting stress
Project SKILLS

description: Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been shown to report higher levels of stress than parents of typically developing children and parents of children with other disabilities (Hayes & Watson, 2013). UT Project SKILLS is a parent-directed speech and language intervention that directly targets children’s social communication skills and indirectly targets parental self-efficacy and resilience. The goal of the present pilot study is to characterize parenting stress reported by parents participating in Project SKILLS and to examine change in stress from pre- to post-intervention. 56 parents of children with ASD participated in the study and completed the parental stress scale. 19 participants completed both the pretest and the post-test surveys. Participants reported stress levels within one standard deviation of all parents who participated in previous work examining parenting stress utilizing the parental stress scale. Three distinct patterns of change emerged: decreased stress, no change, and increased stress. The study has a number of limitations that prevent generalization to broader populations. However, the results contained clinical implications and highlighted a need for future research in the area.
MPEC 2023-O117 : 2023 OE5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 OE5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Breakdown of Potential Flow to Turbulence around a Sphere Oscillating in Superfluid He-4 above the Critical Velocity
Creators: name: Schoepe, W.
name: Hänninen, R.
name: Niemetz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The onset of turbulent flow around an oscillating sphere in superfluid $^4$He is known to occur at a critical velocity $v_c \sim \sqrt{κω}$ where $κ$ is the circulation quantum and $ω$ is the oscillation frequency. But it is also well known that initially in a first up-sweep of the oscillation amplitude, $v_c$ can be considerably exceeded before the transition occurs, thus leading to a strong hysteresis in the velocity sweeps. The velocity amplitude $v_c^* > v_c$ where the transition finally occurs is related to the density $L_0$ of the remanent vortices in the superfluid. Moreover, at temperatures below ca. 0.5 K and in a small interval of velocity amplitudes between $v_c$ and a velocity that is about 2% larger, the flow pattern is found to be unstable, switching intermittently between potential flow and turbulence. From time series recorded at constant temperature and driving force the distribution of the excess velocities $Δv = v_c^* - v_c$ is obtained and from that the failure rate. Below 0.1 K we also can determine the distribution of the lifetimes of the phases of potential flow. Finally, the frequency dependence of these results is discussed.
description: 8 pages,6 figures
Additional file 3 of Transcriptional and epigenetic changes during tomato yellow leaf curl virus infection in tomato
Creators: name: Romero-Rodríguez, Beatriz
name: Petek, Marko
name: Jiao, Chen
name: Križnik, Maja
name: Zagorščak, Maja
name: Fei, Zhangjun
name: Bejarano, Eduardo R.
name: Gruden, Kristina
name: Castillo, Araceli G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Fig. S3. Functional enrichment of upregulated genes upon TYLCV infection at 21 dpi.
MPEC 2023-O118 : 2023 OF5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 OF5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.