Archaeological Investigations Along U.S. 191 Near Wide Ruins, Apache County, Arizona
Creators: name: Brin, Adam
Publisher: name: Desert Archaeology, Inc.
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: U.S. 191
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83344/us-191
subject: Wide Ruins, AZ
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83343/wide-ruins-az
subject: Apache (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/3041/apache-county
subject: Early Pueblo III
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6241/early-pueblo-iii
subject: 20th Century
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/4/20th-century
subject: Basketmaker II
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5401/basketmaker-ii
subject: Late Pueblo II
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5595/late-pueblo-ii
subject: Navajo
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/224/navajo
subject: Ancestral Puebloan
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/19/ancestral-puebloan
subject: Hopi
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/7591/hopi
subject: Zuni
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/40/zuni
subject: AZ K:10:13 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90198/az-k1013-asm
subject: AZ-P-36-125 (NN)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90197/az-p-36-125-nn
subject: Kanine site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90200/kanine-site
subject: AZ-P-36-70 (NN)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90199/az-p-36-70-nn
subject: AZ-P-36-122 (NN)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90202/az-p-36-122-nn
subject: AZ K:10:9 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90201/az-k109-asm
subject: AZ-P-36-81 (NN)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90204/az-p-36-81-nn
subject: Red Ant site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90203/red-ant-site
subject: Kin Ten Ten site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90206/kin-ten-ten-site
subject: AZ K:10:12 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90205/az-k1012-asm
subject: AZ-P-36-116 (NN)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90208/az-p-36-116-nn
subject: AZ K:10:8 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90207/az-k108-asm
subject: AZ-P-36-115 (NN)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90210/az-p-36-115-nn
subject: Black Art site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90209/black-art-site
subject: AZ K:10:10 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90212/az-k1010-asm
subject: AZ K:10:28 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/90211/az-k1028-asm
subject: Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/301/funerary-and-burial-structures-or-features
subject: Ceremonial room
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/2416/ceremonial-room
subject: Burial Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/307/burial-pit
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Inhumation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/947/inhumation
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Slab-Lined Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1241/slab-lined-pit
subject: Animal Burial
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/2105/animal-burial
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Brush Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/257/brush-structure
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Wattle &amp; Daub (Jacal) Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/261/wattle-daub-jacal-structure
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Pit House / Earth Lodge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/263/pit-house-earth-lodge
subject: Post Hole / Post Mold
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/359/post-hole-post-mold
subject: Trash Concentration
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/1831/trash-concentration
subject: Shade Structure / Ramada
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/266/shade-structure-ramada
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Wide Ruins Archaeological Project
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/158068/wide-ruins-archaeological-project
subject: Archaeological Investigation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/46172/archaeological-investigation
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), through its contractor, HDR Engineering, Inc., requested that Desert Archaeology, Inc., conduct Phase 1 and Phase 2 archaeological data recovery investigations at seven prehistoric sites along U.S. 191, approximately 1 mile west of the Navajo community of Wide Ruins, Apache County, Arizona (Elson and Herr 2005; Herr 2006b). The investigations were conducted in the Area of Potential Effects (APE) for construction of a northbound passing lane and turn lanes at the future intersection of Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Road N9345. Between 19 June and 6 July 2006, Phase 1 exploratory investigations were conducted at six sites; a seventh site was examined because human bone had been reported eroding from the road-cut (Benallie 1993). After these intial investigations, Phase 2 data recovery investigations were recommended for four sites: Red Ant, AZ-P-36-81 (NN)/ AZ K:10:28 (ASM); Black Ant, AZ-P-36-70 (NN)/AZ K:10:8 (ASM); Kanine, AZ-P-36-122 (NN)/ AZ K:10:9 (ASM); and Kin Ten Ten, AZ-P-36-125 (NN)/AZ K:10:10 (ASM). The research potential of AZ-P-36-115 (NN)/AZ K:10:12 (ASM) and AZ-P-36-116 (NN)/AZ K:10:13 (ASM) within the APE was exhausted by the exploratory investigations and no further work was conducted at those sites. No human bone was identified in the road-cut at AZ-P- 36-66 (NN)/K:10:11 (ASM), so no work was conducted there. After an on-site review of the Phase 1 work held on 5 July 2006, with Mark Brodbeck (HDR Engineering), William Doelle (Desert Archaeology), Sarah Herr (Desert Archaeology), Ron Maldonado (NNHPD), and David Zimmerman (ADOT), Desert Archaeology's recommendations for Phase 2 data recovery were reviewed and approved. The second phase of work was conducted between 10 July and 24 August 2006. A final tour for agency personnel was held on 14 August 2006. A total of 295 crew and 143 supervisor field person-days were spent on data recovery excavations. In this final report, the results of fieldwork and the analyses of artifacts and samples from the six sites investigated during the U.S. 191 Wide Ruins Archaeological project are presented. The current project provides a starting point from which to examine how this place has been used for centuries. Many layers of history are evoked by the landscape, from the shifting sand dunes and waterways measured in geologic time, the life history of houses and settlements explored in archaeological time, and the timeless history of the Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni groups who value and steward the land.