cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Resource scarcity gradients in the post-Green Revolution Indo-Gangetic Plains: Implications for agricultural technology use and supply
Creators: name: Erenstein, Olaf
name: Erenstein, Olaf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Production Economics
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: relative factor scarcity
subject: spatial gradients
subject: R&D implications

description: The Green Revolution converted the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP) into South Asia’s cereal basket. The recent slow down in cereal productivity growth and continuing poverty in the IGP pose a major challenge to agricultural research and development. To address this challenge it merits revisiting the resource scarcities that farmers actually face across the vast IGP. The paper uses a rapid primary data collection effort through village surveys in 12 clusters along an agro-ecological gradient in the Indian IGP to complement secondary data. The results show marked gradients in factor ratios and factor prices in the Indian IGP. Labor:land factor ratios and price ratios alone can thereby be misleading as they fail to capture the increasingly important role of capital in the post-Green Revolution setting. Relative to other IGP regions, the Green Revolution heartland is relatively capital abundant, explaining the advent of both land saving and labor saving technologies in the North-Western IGP. Further downstream the densely populated Eastern IGP is particularly capital scarce. Agricultural innovations emerging from either area are unlikely to be directly adequate for the other, calling for more investment in adaptive agricultural research to develop innovations in line with the prevailing resource scarcities.
Additional file 2 of FOXO3a/miR-4259-driven LDHA expression as a key mechanism of gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Hsu, Tung-Wei
name: Wang, Wan-Yu
name: Chen, Hsin-An
name: Wang, Tzu-Hsuan
name: Su, Chih-Ming
name: Liao, Po-Hsiang
name: Chen, Alvin
name: Tsai, Kuei-Yen
name: Kokotos, George
name: Kuo, Cheng-Chin
name: Chiu, Ching-Feng
name: Su, Yen-Hao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Vanishing Zeeman energy in a two-dimensional hole gas
Creators: name: Del Vecchio, Patrick
name: Lodari, Mario
name: Sammak, Amir
name: Scappucci, Giordano
name: Moutanabbir, Oussama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A clear signature of Zeeman split states crossing is observed in Landau fan diagram of strained germanium two-dimensional hole gas. The underlying mechanisms are discussed based on a perturbative model yielding a closed formula for the critical magnetic fields. These fields depend strongly on the energy difference between the top-most and the neighboring valence bands and are sensitive to the quantum well thickness, strain, and spin-orbit-interaction. The latter is a necessary feature for the crossing to occur. This framework enables a straightforward quantification of the hole-state parameters from simple measurements, thus paving the way for its use in design and modelling of hole-based quantum devices.
description: Corrected typos in expressions for F_l. Minor changes to sections layout
Nonlinear integral equations for finite volume excited state energies of the O(3) and O(4) nonlinear sigma-models
Creators: name: Hegedus, Arpad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose nonlinear integral equations for the finite volume one-particle energies in the O(3) and O(4) nonlinear sigma-models. The equations are written in terms of a finite number of components and are therefore easier to solve numerically than the infinite component excited state TBA equations proposed earlier. Results of numerical calculations based on the nonlinear integral equations and the excited state TBA equations agree within numerical precision.
description: numerical results added
Signatures of Extragalactic Dust in pre-Swift GRB Afterglows
Creators: name: Kann, D. A.
name: Klose, S.
name: Zeh, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a systematic analysis of gamma-ray burst afterglow spectral energy distributions (SEDs) in the optical/near-infrared bands. Our input list includes the entire world sample of afterglows observed in the pre-Swift era by the end of 2004 that have sufficient publicly available data. We apply various dust extinction models to fit the observed SEDs (Milky Way, Large Magellanic Cloud and Small Magellanic Cloud) and derive the corresponding intrinsic extinction in the GRB host galaxies and the intrinsic spectral slopes of the afterglows. We then use these results to explore the parameter space of the power-law index of the electron distribution function and to derive the absolute magnitudes of the unextinguished afterglows.
description: Submitted to ApJ 25 May 2005, accepted for publication 16 December 2005, updated 22 December 2005. 50 Pages, 12 Figures, 5 Tables. Figures 1a to 1af (30 subfigures) merged into three subfigures with downgraded resolution. Figures 7 and 8 severly downsampled in resolution
Sharp decline in the food self-sufficiency ratio in Japan and its future prospects
Creators: name: Kako, Toshiyuki
name: Kako, Toshiyuki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: the food self-sufficiency ratio
subject: dietary habit
subject: appreciation of the yen

description: Japan‘s food self-sufficiency ratio was 79% in 1960, and this ratio compares favorably with that of other advanced countries with similar farmland endowments. But it fell most rapidly of all major developed countries in the last 45 years, and became the lowest among countries with more than 100 million in population. In this paper, the mechanisms of the decline in the food self-sufficiency ratio in the last 45 years were examined, and it was pointed out that epoch making events such as drastic change of dietary habits under a rapid economic growth and drastic appreciation of the yen against the US dollar were major causes of the sharp decline in the food self-sufficiency ratio. Some preliminary examinations regarding the future food self-sufficiency ratio was carried out based on some assumptions. It was found that if the calorie supply from domestically produced food follows the trend of the period 1996 - 2006 the food self-sufficiency ratio will stay at 39% or decline slightly during the period 2005 - 2015. These projection results imply that calorie supply from domestically produced food has to be increased considerably in order to raise the food self-sufficiency ratio to 45% by 2015.
Towards ending the partial sky E-B ambiguity in CMB observations
Creators: name: Ghosh, Shamik
name: Delabrouille, Jacques
name: Zhao, Wen
name: Santos, Larissa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A crucial problem for partial sky analysis of CMB polarization is the $E$-$B$ leakage problem. Such leakage arises from the presence of `ambiguous' modes that satisfy properties of both $E$ and $B$ modes. Solving this problem is critical for primordial polarization $B$ mode detection in partial sky CMB polarization experiments. In this work we introduce a new method for reducing the leakage. We demonstrate that if we complement the $E$-mode information outside the observation patch with ancillary data from full-sky CMB observations, we can reduce and even effectively remove the $E$-to-$B$ leakage. For this objective, we produce $E$-mode Stokes $QU$ maps from Wiener filtered full-sky intensity and polarization CMB observations. We use these maps to fill the sky region that is not observed by the ground-based experiment of interest, and thus complement the partial sky Stokes $QU$ maps. Since the $E$-mode information is now available on the full sky we see a significant reduction in the $E$-to-$B$ leakage. We evaluate on simulated data sets the performance of our method for a `shallow' $f_\text{sky}=8\%$, and a `deep' $f_\text{sky}=2\%$ northern hemisphere sky patch, with AliCPT-like properties, and a LSPE-like $f_\text{sky}=30\%$ sky patch, by combining those observations with Planck-like full sky polarization maps. We find that our method outperforms the standard and the pure-$B$ method pseudo-$C_\ell$ estimators for all of our simulations. Our new method gives unbiased estimates of the $B$-mode power spectrum through-out the entire multipole range with near-optimal pseudo-$C_\ell$ errors for $\ell>20$. We also study the application of our method to the CMB-S4 experiment combined with LiteBIRD-like full sky data, and show that using signal-dominated full sky $E$-mode data we can eliminate the $E$-to-$B$ leakage problem.
description: 24 pages and 15 figures. Comments are welcome
Veicoli semantici che sono opere d'arte
Creators: name: Andina, Tiziana
Publisher: name: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico
Year: 2012

description: As it is well known an historical comprehension of the time in which people live and philosophers work is something essential in order to outline a theory that could grasps something of the world. The history of the relationship between art and philosophy is almost as old as philosophy itself. Among the first to take up the topic was Plato who posed the question in the most classical of ways—that is, by facing the problem of definition. The question of definition is nowadays deeply debated by philosophy of art and ontology. The paper address the problem of the definition suggesting a proposal which synthesizes ontology, epistemology and theory of perception.
description: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico, Vol. 5 (2012): Vol 5 (2012) Special Issue – Riconcepire l'estetica
Additional file 3 of FOXO3a/miR-4259-driven LDHA expression as a key mechanism of gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Hsu, Tung-Wei
name: Wang, Wan-Yu
name: Chen, Hsin-An
name: Wang, Tzu-Hsuan
name: Su, Chih-Ming
name: Liao, Po-Hsiang
name: Chen, Alvin
name: Tsai, Kuei-Yen
name: Kokotos, George
name: Kuo, Cheng-Chin
name: Chiu, Ching-Feng
name: Su, Yen-Hao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 3
Quantum Transport Calculations Using Periodic Boundary Conditions
Creators: name: Wang, Lin-Wang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An efficient new method is presented to calculate the quantum transports using periodic boundary conditions. This method allows the use of conventional ground state ab initio programs without big changes. The computational effort is only a few times of a normal ground state calculation, thus it makes accurate quantum transport calculations for large systems possible.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
LinkQ: An LLM-Assisted Visual Interface for Knowledge Graph Question-Answering
Creators: name: Li, Harry
name: Appleby, Gabriel
name: Suh, Ashley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present LinkQ, a system that leverages a large language model (LLM) to facilitate knowledge graph (KG) query construction through natural language question-answering. Traditional approaches often require detailed knowledge of a graph querying language, limiting the ability for users -- even experts -- to acquire valuable insights from KGs. LinkQ simplifies this process by implementing a multistep protocol in which the LLM interprets a user's question, then systematically converts it into a well-formed query. LinkQ helps users iteratively refine any open-ended questions into precise ones, supporting both targeted and exploratory analysis. Further, LinkQ guards against the LLM hallucinating outputs by ensuring users' questions are only ever answered from ground truth KG data. We demonstrate the efficacy of LinkQ through a qualitative study with five KG practitioners. Our results indicate that practitioners find LinkQ effective for KG question-answering, and desire future LLM-assisted exploratory data analysis systems.
description: Open-source code: https://github.com/mit-ll/linkq
Jet-medium interactions: wakes in the QCD medium
Creators: name: Ruppert, Jorg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the wake induced in a hot, dense QCD medium by a fast parton in the framework of linear response theory. We discuss two different scenarios: (i) a weakly coupled quark gluon plasma (pQGP) described by hard-thermal loop (HTL) perturbation theory and (ii) a scenario where the plasma has the properties of a quantum liquid. We show that Mach cones can appear in the second scenario, but not in the first one.
description: 4 pages, poster proceedings for Quark Matter 2005
Spatial Networks, Labor Supply and Income Dynamics: Evidence from Indonesian Villages
Creators: name: Yamauchi, Futoshi
name: Muto, Megumi
name: Chowdhury, Shyamal K.
name: Dewina, Reno
name: Sumaryanto, Sony
name: Yamauchi, Futoshi
name: Muto, Megumi
name: Chowdhury, Shyamal K.
name: Dewina, Reno
name: Sumaryanto, Sony
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Income growth
subject: Spatial Connectivity
subject: Rural economy
subject: Education
subject: Indonesia

description: This paper examines the impact of spatial connectivity development on household income growth and non-agriculture labor supply, combining household panel data and village census in Indonesia. Empirical results show that the impacts of the improvement of local road quality in the area (positively correlated with transportation speed) on income growth and the transition to non-agricultural labor markets depends on the distance to economic centers and household education. In particular, post-primary education significantly increases the benefit from the local spatial connectivity improvement in remote areas and labor transition to non-agricultural sectors. Education and local road quality are complementary, mutually increasing income growth and non-agricultural labor income in remote areas. The gain from improvements in local connectivity (measured by the average road quality) depends on village remoteness and initial household-level endowment.
Link Prediction in Bipartite Networks
Creators: name: Özer, Şükrü Demir İnan
name: Orman, Günce Keziban
name: Labatut, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bipartite networks serve as highly suitable models to represent systems involving interactions between two distinct types of entities, such as online dating platforms, job search services, or ecommerce websites. These models can be leveraged to tackle a number of tasks, including link prediction among the most useful ones, especially to design recommendation systems. However, if this task has garnered much interest when conducted on unipartite (i.e. standard) networks, it is far from being the case for bipartite ones. In this study, we address this gap by performing an experimental comparison of 19 link prediction methods able to handle bipartite graphs. Some come directly from the literature, and some are adapted by us from techniques originally designed for unipartite networks. We also propose to repurpose recommendation systems based on graph convolutional networks (GCN) as a novel link prediction solution for bipartite networks. To conduct our experiments, we constitute a benchmark of 3 real-world bipartite network datasets with various topologies. Our results indicate that GCN-based personalized recommendation systems, which have received significant attention in recent years, can produce successful results for link prediction in bipartite networks. Furthermore, purely heuristic metrics that do not rely on any learning process, like the Structural Perturbation Method (SPM), can also achieve success.
description: 28th International Conference on Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems (KES), Sep 2024, Sevilla, Spain
Dosage of sound production treatment (Wambaugh et al., 2020)
Creators: name: Wambaugh, Julie L.
name: Kallhoff, Lydia
name: Nessler, Christina
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Purpose: This study was designed to examine the association of dosage and effects of Sound Production Treatment (SPT) for acquired apraxia of speech.Method: Treatment logs and probe data from 20 speakers with apraxia of speech and aphasia were submitted to a retrospective analysis. The number of treatment sessions and teaching episodes was examined relative to (a) change in articulation accuracy above baseline performance, (b) mastery of production, and (c) maintenance. The impact of practice schedule (SPT-Blocked vs. SPT-Random) was also examined.Results: The average number of treatment sessions conducted prior to change was 5.4 for SPT-Blocked and 3.9 for SPT-Random. The mean number of teaching episodes preceding change was 334 for SPT-Blocked and 179 for SPT-Random. Mastery occurred within an average of 13.7 sessions (1,252 teaching episodes) and 12.4 sessions (1,082 teaching episodes) for SPT-Blocked and SPT-Random, respectively. Comparisons of dosage metric values across practice schedules did not reveal substantial differences. Significant negative correlations were found between follow-up probe performance and the dosage metrics.Conclusions: Only a few treatment sessions were needed to achieve initial positive changes in articulation, with mastery occurring within 12–14 sessions for the majority of participants. Earlier occurrence of change or mastery was associated with better follow-up performance.
Supplemental Material S1. Summary data and statistics for individual participants.
Supplemental Material S2. Supplemental figures.
Wambaugh, J., L., Kallhoff, L., & Nesller, C. (2020). Sound production treatment for acquired apraxia of speech: An examination of dosage in relation to probe performance. American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_AJSLP-19-00110
Publisher Note: This article is part of the Special Issue: Select Papers From the 49th Clinical Aphasiology Conference.
Ghost Busting: PT-Symmetric Interpretation of the Lee Model
Creators: name: Bender, Carl M.
name: Brandt, Sebastian F.
name: Chen, Jun-Hua
name: Wang, Qinghai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Lee model was introduced in the 1950s as an elementary quantum field theory in which mass, wave function, and charge renormalization could be carried out exactly. In early studies of this model it was found that there is a critical value of g^2, the square of the renormalized coupling constant, above which g_0^2, the square of the unrenormalized coupling constant, is negative. Thus, for g^2 larger than this critical value, the Hamiltonian of the Lee model becomes non-Hermitian. It was also discovered that in this non-Hermitian regime a new state appears whose norm is negative. This state is called a ghost state. It has always been assumed that in this ghost regime the Lee model is an unacceptable quantum theory because unitarity appears to be violated. However, in this regime while the Hamiltonian is not Hermitian, it does possess PT symmetry. It has recently been discovered that a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian having PT symmetry may define a quantum theory that is unitary. The proof of unitarity requires the construction of a new time-independent operator called C. In terms of C one can define a new inner product with respect to which the norms of the states in the Hilbert space are positive. Furthermore, it has been shown that time evolution in such a theory is unitary. In this paper the C operator for the Lee model in the ghost regime is constructed exactly in the V/N-theta sector. It is then shown that the ghost state has a positive norm and that the Lee model is an acceptable unitary quantum field theory for all values of g^2.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Femtosecond-laser-induced nanoscale blisters in polyimide thin films through nonlinear absorption
Creators: name: Godfrey, A. T. K.
name: Kallepalli, L. N. D.
name: Ratté, J. J.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Corkum, P. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 78-05

description: Nonlinear absorption of femtosecond laser pulses provides a unique opportunity to confine energy deposition in any medium to a region that is below the focal diameter of a pulse. Illumination of a polymer film through a transparent high bandgap material such as glass, followed by nonlinear absorption of 800 nm light in polymers, allows us to further restrict absorption to a very thin layer along the propagation direction. We demonstrate this confinement by simulating femtosecond-laser-induced polymer modification by linear, two-photon and three-photon absorption, and discuss the control over energy absorption in polymers that multiphoton processes offer. Energy deposited behind a thin polymer film induces a protruding blister. We present experimental results of blister diameter and height scaling with pulse energy. Using 0.95 NA focussing, we obtained laser-induced blisters with diameters as small as 700 nm suggesting blister-based Laser-Induced Forward Transfer is possible on and below the single-micron scale. Sub-micrometer blister formation using femtosecond lasers also offers a novel method of direct, precise laser-writing of microstructures on films with single laser pulses. This method is a possible alternative to lithography, laser milling, and laser-based additive machining which leaves the surface composition unchanged.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Reviews Applied
Estetica applicata
Creators: name: Mecacci, Andrea
Publisher: name: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico
Year: 2012

description: The essay has the aim to analyze the brief history of applied aesthetics from the arts and crafts theories to the everyday aestheticization of postmodernism: the key role of form and function, the problem of ornament, the social implications of commodities, the object value system, objects as simulacra. Is it possible to go beyond these categories? Are they conceptual or just historical categories?
description: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico, Vol. 5 (2012): Vol 5 (2012) Special Issue – Riconcepire l'estetica
Injection study of a diesel engine fueled with pilot-ignited, directly-injected natural gas
Creators: name: Larson, Chadwick R.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The method of fueling diesel engines with high-pressure direct injection (HPDI) of natural gas reduces regulated emissions while maintaining diesel-cycle efficiency. The relative injection timing between the pilot and natural gas, the absolute injection timing, and the injection pressure were varied in operation of a modified heavy-duty single-cylinder diesel engine. The emissions studied included nitrogen oxides (NO[sub x]), carbon monoxide (CO), particulate matter (PM) and total hydrocarbons (THC). The engine was operated at three speeds and three equivalence ratios. The effects of changing exhaust pressure and boost pressure were also examined. Exhaust back pressure significantly affects all emissions, but not gross efficiency. For consistent effect on emissions, an absolute back pressure of 150 kPa was selected for the standard test procedure. The relative injection timing (RIT) significantly affects most emissions, but does not appear to affect PM or specific fuel consumption. With respect to RIT, burn duration correlates well with emissions. All pollutant emissions are at a minimum when the RIT is set to 1.8 ms for the conditions tested. The timing of the 50% cumulative heat release (HR50) is a good variable for relating NO[sub x] and efficiency to injection timing. The reduction of specific NO[sub x] emissions as a function of HR50 with retarded injection is approximately independent of equivalence ratio. Specific fuel consumption as a function HR50 is nearly independent of load and speed; the best fuel consumption occurs when HR50 is approximately 5° after top dead center. The effects of retarding absolute timing on CO depend upon the equivalence ratio. Total hydrocarbon emissions increase with excessively retarded absolute timing. The effects of timing on PM depend on speed and equivalence ratio. The relationship between NO[sub x] and efficency and HR50 does not change with injection pressure. Increasing injection pressure appears to increase mixing, which generally improves CO emissions at high equivalence ratio, but worsens THC and CO emissions at a low equivalence ratio, late timing. Moderately changing engine air flow-rates with a constant equivalence ratio does not significantly affect emissions.
Do Sales Matter? An Exploration of Price Discounting in UK Food Retailing
Creators: name: Lloyd, Tim A.
name: Morgan, C. Wyn
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Zgovu, Evious
name: Lloyd, Tim A.
name: Morgan, C. Wyn
name: McCorriston, Steve
name: Zgovu, Evious
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Food retailing
subject: pricing
subject: sales

description: This paper assesses the impact of promotional activity in the prices of food products on supermarket shelves. The study analyses a unique, high frequency panel of supermarket prices consisting of over 230,000 weekly price observations on around 500 products in 15 categories of food stocked by the UK’s seven largest retail chains. In all, 1,700 weekly time series are available at the barcode-specific level including branded and own label products. Prices are inclusive of promotions and thus allow the frequency, magnitude and duration of sales to be analysed in greater detail than has hitherto been possible with UK data. Using this price data, sales periods are indentified. Results show that around 8% of products are on sale at any one time, and that sales are typically four weeks in duration. The average discount is 24% of the regular price. Importantly, sales are shown to have a relatively modest role in overall price variation – less than the dispersion in prices by retailer, pointing to changes in the regular price, via general inflation and idiosyncratic shocks, as the principal cause of price variation.
Vanishing of eigenspaces and cyclotomic fields
Creators: name: Osburn, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R18 (Primary), 11T22 (Secondary)

description: We use a result of Thaine to give an alternative proof of the fact that, for a prime p>3 congruent to 3 modulo 4, the component e_{(p+1)/2} of the p-Sylow subgroup of the ideal class group of \mathbb Q(ζ_{p}) is trivial.
description: 6 pages, minor corrections made, to appear in the International Mathematics Research Notices
Farm Commodity Policy and Obesity
Creators: name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Okrent, Abigail M.
name: Alston, Julian M.
name: Okrent, Abigail M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: Many commentators have claimed that farm subsidies have contributed significantly to the “obesity epidemic” by making fattening foods relatively cheap and abundant and, symmetrically, that taxing “unhealthy” commodities or subsidizing “healthy” commodities would contribute to reducing obesity rates. This paper makes three contributions. First, we review evidence from the literature on the impacts on food consumption and obesity resulting from subsidies applied in the past to production or consumption of farm commodities. Second, we develop and present new arguments and preliminary evidence on the impacts of past government investments in agricultural R&D on food consumption and obesity—through research-induced increases in agricultural productivity and the consequences for prices, production, and consumption of farm commodities. Third, we consider and compare the economic efficiency of hypothetical agricultural research policies (changing the orientation of agricultural research investments) versus hypothetical agricultural commodity subsidies and taxes as alternative mechanisms for encouraging consumption of healthy food or discouraging consumption of unhealthy food, or both.
Tagging more quark jet flavours at FCC-ee at 91 GeV with a transformer-based neural network
Creators: name: Blekman, Freya
name: Canelli, Florencia
name: De Moor, Alexandre
name: Gautam, Kunal
name: Ilg, Armin
name: Macchiolo, Anna
name: Ploerer, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jet flavour tagging is crucial in experimental high-energy physics. A tagging algorithm, DeepJetTransformer, is presented, which exploits a transformer-based neural network that is substantially faster to train than state-of-the-art graph neural networks.
 The DeepJetTransformer algorithm uses information from particle flow-style objects and secondary vertex reconstruction for $b$- and $c$-jet identification, supplemented by additional information that is not always included in tagging algorithms at the LHC, such as reconstructed $K_{S}^{0}$ and $Λ^{0}$ and $K^{\pm}/π^{\pm}$ discrimination. The model is trained as a multiclassifier to identify all quark flavours separately and performs excellently in identifying $b$- and $c$-jets. An $s$-tagging efficiency of $40\%$ can be achieved with a $10\%$ $ud$-jet background efficiency. The performance improvement achieved by including $K_{S}^{0}$ and $Λ^{0}$ reconstruction and $K^{\pm}/π^{\pm}$ discrimination is presented.
 The algorithm is applied on exclusive $Z \to q\bar{q}$ samples to examine the physics potential and is shown to isolate $Z \to s\bar{s}$ events. Assuming all non-$Z \to q\bar{q}$ backgrounds can be efficiently rejected, a $5σ$ discovery significance for $Z \to s\bar{s}$ can be achieved with an integrated luminosity of $60~\text{nb}^{-1}$ of $e^{+}e^{-}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=91.2~\mathrm{GeV}$, corresponding to less than a second of the FCC-ee run plan at the $Z$ boson resonance.
A Conditional Process Analysis of Boundary Spanning Functions in US Research Universities.pdf
Creators: name: McCoy, Cameron
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130304 Educational Administration, Management and Leadership
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 140204 Economics of Education
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Organizational Behavioral Psychology

description: I sought to establish whether boundary-spanning offices in US Universities are effectively aligned with institutional strategy. I further sought to move beyond the focus on valorization activity that is typical of US researchers studying interactions in the triple helix by focusing on the uniquely US enterprise of philanthropic corporate relations. Finally, I also sought to better align US-based university business cooperation research to contemporary global approaches, specifically in the European Union and Australia, while also challenging those perspectives through the introduction of conditional process analysis approaches. To this end, using Galán-Muros and Davey’s (2017) University Business Cooperation (UBC) Ecosystem Framework (framework) and data from 174 universities, I explored the relationships between Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education (classification), National Science Foundation Higher Education Research and Development reported expenditures (R&D), and Corporate Voluntary Support of Education (philanthropy) as moderated by variability in office type. Recognizing that the relationship between classification and philanthropy is underexplored and likely indirect, I further examined the mediating mechanisms through which institutional capacity (i.e., its ability to conduct its mission) is derived. Study results, based in ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses and bootstrapped estimates, were consistent with the hypothesized conceptual scheme of mediation, in that R&D and philanthropy were found to have an indirect effect on classification and future philanthropic returns. However, results also suggest that prevailing approaches to corporate relations have no measurable effect on financial returns when controlling for classification. These findings broaden the focus on UBC research theory by incorporation of prevailing organization theory, establishing a temporal relationship among elements of the UBC ecosystem, and establishing a basis for converging functions, refocusing boundary-spanning offices toward more accurately aligned outcomes.
Space-to-ground quantum-communication using an optical ground station: a feasibility study
Creators: name: Villoresi, P.
name: Tamburini, F.
name: Aspelmeyer, M.
name: Jennewein, T.
name: Ursin, R.
name: Pernechele, C.
name: Bianco, G.
name: Zeilinger, A.
name: Barbieri, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have tested the experimental prerequisites for a Space-to-Ground quantum communication link between satellites and an optical ground station. The feasibility of our ideas is being assessed using the facilities of the ASI Matera Laser Ranging Observatory (MLRO). Specific emphasis is put on the necessary technological modifications of the existing infrastructure to achieve single photon reception from an orbiting satellite.
description: 8 pages 5 figures, SPIE proceedings Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging II conference in Denver, July 2004
The Impact of Price Intervention Policies to Improve Dietary Quality in Spain
Creators: name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Angulo, Ana Maria
name: Mtimet, Nadhem
name: Gil, Jose Maria
name: Angulo, Ana Maria
name: Mtimet, Nadhem
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Spain
subject: taxes
subject: Food demand
subject: Dietary quality

description: Many commentators have claimed that farm subsidies have contributed significantly to the “obesity epidemic” by making fattening foods relatively cheap and abundant and, symmetrically, that taxing “unhealthy” commodities or subsidizing “healthy” commodities would contribute to reducing obesity rates. This paper makes three contributions. First, we review evidence from the literature on the impacts on food consumption and obesity resulting from subsidies applied in the past to production or consumption of farm commodities. Second, we develop and present new arguments and preliminary evidence on the impacts of past government investments in agricultural R&D on food consumption and obesity—through research-induced increases in agricultural productivity and the consequences for prices, production, and consumption of farm commodities. Third, we consider and compare the economic efficiency of hypothetical agricultural research policies (changing the orientation of agricultural research investments) versus hypothetical agricultural commodity subsidies and taxes as alternative mechanisms for encouraging consumption of healthy food or discouraging consumption of unhealthy food, or both.
One Ring to Rule Them All: Certifiably Robust Geometric Perception with Outliers
Creators: name: Yang, Heng
name: Carlone, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.9; G.1.6; I.4.5
subject: 68T40, 74Pxx, 46N10, 65D19

description: We propose the first general and practical framework to design certifiable algorithms for robust geometric perception in the presence of a large amount of outliers. We investigate the use of a truncated least squares (TLS) cost function, which is known to be robust to outliers, but leads to hard, nonconvex, and nonsmooth optimization problems. Our first contribution is to show that -for a broad class of geometric perception problems- TLS estimation can be reformulated as an optimization over the ring of polynomials and Lasserre's hierarchy of convex moment relaxations is empirically tight at the minimum relaxation order (i.e., certifiably obtains the global minimum of the nonconvex TLS problem). Our second contribution is to exploit the structural sparsity of the objective and constraint polynomials and leverage basis reduction to significantly reduce the size of the semidefinite program (SDP) resulting from the moment relaxation, without compromising its tightness. Our third contribution is to develop scalable dual optimality certifiers from the lens of sums-of-squares (SOS) relaxation, that can compute the suboptimality gap and possibly certify global optimality of any candidate solution (e.g., returned by fast heuristics such as RANSAC or graduated non-convexity). Our dual certifiers leverage Douglas-Rachford Splitting to solve a convex feasibility SDP. Numerical experiments across different perception problems, including single rotation averaging, shape alignment, 3D point cloud and mesh registration, and high-integrity satellite pose estimation, demonstrate the tightness of our relaxations, the correctness of the certification, and the scalability of the proposed dual certifiers to large problems, beyond the reach of current SDP solvers.
description: NeurIPS 2020. 9 pages main results, 34 pages total. Code available at https://github.com/MIT-SPARK/CertifiablyRobustPerception
Formation of Argon Cluster with Proton Seeding
Creators: name: Brown, O. C. F.
name: Vrinceanu, D.
name: Kharchenk, V.
name: Sadeghpour, H. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ force-field molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the kinetics of nucleation to new liquid or solid phases in a dense gas of particles, seeded with ions. We use precise atomic pair interactions, with physically correct long-range behavior, between argon atoms and protons. Time-dependence of molecular cluster formation is analyzed at different proton concentration, temperature and argon gas density. The modified phase transitions with proton seeding of the argon gas are identified and analyzed. The seeding of the gas enhances the formation of nano-size atomic clusters and their aggregation. The strong attraction between protons and bath gas atoms stabilizes large nano-clusters and the critical temperature for evaporation. An analytical model is proposed to describe the stability of argon-proton droplets, and is compared with the molecular dynamics simulations.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Modelling of forces and appropriate control strategies in the abrasive machining of wood
Creators: name: Reiser, Henry Lawrence
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis presents an examination of the cutting and machining of Douglas Fir. Wood processing is a major component in the economy and to maximize economic benefit and minimize fibre loss the insights gained from this research have been applied to predict the material removal. The mechanics of cutting solid wood in single point cutting, milling and grinding have been analyzed and presented. Cutting models for abrasive machining of Douglas Fir parallel to the grain based on the analysis of the mechanics of cutting solid wood are proposed and analysed. The use of abrasives in the wood working industry is widely used as a finishing operation. This process is very labour and time intensive requiring highly skilled personnel thus an expensive operation. The automation of the sanding process will benefit the wood working industry in cost savings, uniformity of the piece parts as well as reducing the need for re-work of a work-piece. A simple force controlled edge finishing (grinding) system based on the proposed cutting models has been presented. This grinding system does not require the geometry of the work-piece to be previously defined and can finish parts to a tolerance of +/- 0.0254 mm thus ensuring quality edges with a minimum of fibre loss.
Fare per osservare
Creators: name: Mazzocut-Mis, Maddalena
Publisher: name: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico
Year: 2012

description: A reflection about the risks and the challenges that involve the aesthetics as discipline. A discipline that has a history, a specific object and that shares with philosophy the prerogative of its uselessness. A discipline that needs a new formulation (not a new foundation): a discipline that “gets his hands dirty”, that tackles the world, the perception, the emotions and the most controversial aesthetic categories.
description: Aisthesis. Pratiche, linguaggi e saperi dell’estetico, Vol. 5 (2012): Vol 5 (2012) Special Issue – Riconcepire l'estetica
IDENTIFYING CONSUMER VALUATION PATTERNS OF ALTERNATIVE NUTRITION AND HEALTH LABELS COMBINATIONS: EVIDENCE FROM SPAIN
Creators: name: Barreiro-Hurlé, Jesús
name: Gracia, Azucena
name: De Magistris, Tiziana
name: Barreiro-Hurlé, Jesús
name: Gracia, Azucena
name: De Magistris, Tiziana
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Nutrition facts panel
subject: latent class
subject: choice experiments
subject: consumer
subject: interactions
subject: health claims
subject: nutrition claims

description: The provision of nutrition and health information on food labels is increasing as an industry and regulation answer to the growing consumer concern with diet-health relationships. Prior research has shown that the presence of this information on food labels is valued by consumers; however there is still no clear pattern on which labelling options are more valued and how different consumers value the different options. This paper analyses the results of a choice experiment conducted to identify the effect of multiple health and nutrition information sources on consumer food choice, taking into account preference heterogeneity using a latent class approach. Results show that different consumer groups can be identified with clearly distinguishable valuation and behavioural patterns. A minority of consumers attaches high WTP to the provision of additional information in the nutrition facts panel, however this is not show for a vast majority who value claims. Moreover, not taking into account this preference heterogeneity can lead to policies that do not maximize consumer welfare. Based on the characteristics of consumers identified in each group, recommendations are made as to how both industry and public administration can move forward with the development of nutritional labelling guidelines or policies.
Nanoelectromechanics of Piezoresponse Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Kalinin, Sergei V.
name: Karapetian, Edgar
name: Kachanov, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To achieve quantitative interpretation of Piezoresponse Force Microscopy (PFM), including resolution limits, tip bias- and strain-induced phenomena and spectroscopy, analytical representations for tip-induced electroelastic fields inside the material are derived for the cases of weak and strong indentation. In the weak indentation case, electrostatic field distribution is calculated using image charge model. In the strong indentation case, the solution of the coupled electroelastic problem for piezoelectric indentation is used to obtain the electric field and strain distribution in the ferroelectric material. This establishes a complete continuum mechanics description of the PFM contact mechanics and imaging mechanism. The electroelastic field distribution allows signal generation volume in PFM to be determined. These rigorous solutions are compared with the electrostatic point charge and sphere-plane models, and the applicability limits for asymptotic point charge and point force models are established. The implications of these results for ferroelectric polarization switching processes are analyzed.
description: 81 pages, 19 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. B
ECONOMIC INCENTIVES FOR DIETARY IMPROVEMENT AMONG FOOD STAMP RECIPIENTS
Creators: name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Yen, Steven T.
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Smallwood, David M.
name: Lin, Biing-Hwan
name: Yen, Steven T.
name: Dong, Diansheng
name: Smallwood, David M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: CEX
subject: SNAP
subject: Price subsidy
subject: NHANES
subject: NFSPS
subject: Vegetables
subject: Milk
subject: Fruits
subject: Food stamps

description: Most Americans need to consume more fruits, vegetables, and dairy products. This need is particularly acute among low-income individuals. The objective of this study is to examine the cost effectiveness of two economic policies that use alternative policy levers available within the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (formerly Food Stamp Program) to increase consumption of these under-consumed foods. Data from three nationally representative surveys are used to estimate demand elasticities, marginal propensity to spend on food out of food stamp benefits, and consumption amount of and spending on under-consumed foods among food stamp recipients. Results of the analyses suggest that a 10% price subsidy would curtail consumption deficiencies by 4–7% at an estimated cost of $734 million a year. When the same $734 million is used to finance food stamp benefits, consumption deficiencies are predicted to narrow by only 0.35 to 0.40%.
Additional file 1 of Identification and validation of genomic regions for pod shatter resistance in Brassica rapa using QTL-seq and traditional QTL mapping
Creators: name: Raman, Rosy
name: Qiu, Yu
name: Coombes, N.
name: Raman, Harsh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1