cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transport Model Simulations of Projectile Fragmentation Reactions at 140 MeV/nucleon
Creators: name: Mocko, M.
name: Tsang, M. B.
name: Lacroix, D.
name: Ono, A.
name: Danielewicz, P.
name: Lynch, W. G.
name: Charity, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collisions in four different reaction systems using $^{40,48}$Ca and $^{58,64}$Ni isotope beams and a Be target have been simulated using the Heavy Ion Phase Space Exploration and the Antisymmetrized Molecular Dynamics models. The present study mainly focuses on the model predictions for the excitation energies of the hot fragments and the cross sections of the final fragments produced in these reactions. The effects of various factors influencing the final fragment cross sections, such as the choice of the statistical decay code and its parameters have been explored. The predicted fragment cross sections are compared to the projectile fragmentation cross sections measured with the A1900 mass separator. At $E/A=140$ MeV, reaction dynamics can significantly modify the detection efficiencies for the fragments and make them different from the efficiencies applied to the measured data reported in the previous work. The effects of efficiency corrections on the validation of event generator codes are discussed in the context of the two models.
description: 28 pages, 13 figures
‘Finestre’ Post-sovietiche. La letteratura russofona d’Ucraina come laboratorio di identità culturale
Creators: name: Puleri, Marco
Publisher: name: Università degli  Studi di Milano
Year: 2015
Subjects: Post-soviet Studies; Ukrainian Literature; Identity; Russian Literature; Cultural Memory

description: This paper is focused on the complex situation linked with the concept of national cultural identity, and the conflicts between cultural models, which reflect social and political struggles in the post-Soviet space. The analysis of contemporary Ukrainian literature in Russian represents a productive field of research in order to analyse the post-soviet national context. Such a literary phenomenon emerges in the interstitial passage between Ukrainian fixed opposite identifications: we deal with a hybrid phenomenon that grows out of the passage from the soviet domination to national independence, and that produces a narrative of displacement. The given literary movement rises at the margins of the national cultural model and is an example of post-soviet hybrid writing, which stimulates the process of confrontation: as stressed by Jurij Lotman (1994), every culture creates its own ‘marginal system’, which involves outsiders who don’t belong to its centre, and that a strict analysis excludes from its model.
description: Altre Modernità, 2015: NUMERO SPECIALE Finestre: sguardi e riflessi, trasparenze e opacità
Physics of Strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Shuryak, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review cover our current understanding of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP), especially theoretical progress in (i) explaining the RHIC data by hydrodynamics, (ii) describing lattice data using electric-magnetic duality; (iii) understanding of gauge-string duality known as AdS/CFT and its application for "conformal" plasma. In view of interdisciplinary nature of the subject, we include brief introduction into several topics "for pedestrians". Some fundamental questions addressed are: Why is sQGP such a good liquid? What is the nature of (de)confinement and what do we know about ''magnetic'' objects creating it? Do they play any important role in sQGP physics? Can we understand the AdS/CFT predictions, from the gauge theory side? Can they be tested experimentally? Can AdS/CFT duality help us understand rapid equilibration/entropy production? Can we work out a complete dynamical "gravity dual" to heavy ion collisions?
description: v2 is a version accepted for publication. It includes results of correspondence with people after v1 and journal referees, few editorial changes, few new points and several new references
Theoretical Aspects of Radium-Containing Molecules Amenable to Assembly from Laser-Cooled Atoms for New Physics Searches
Creators: name: Fleig, Timo
name: DeMille, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the possibilities for a next-generation electron-electric-dipole-moment experiment using ultracold heteronuclear diatomic molecules assembled from a combination of radium and another laser-coolable atom. In particular, we calculate their ground state structure and their sensitivity to parity- and time-reversal (${\cal{P,T}}$) violating physics arising from flavor-diagonal charge-parity (${\cal{CP}}$) violation. Among these species, the largest ${\cal{P,T}}$-violating molecular interaction constants -- associated for example with the electron electric dipole moment -- are obtained for the combination of radium (Ra) and silver (Ag) atoms. A mechanism for explaining this finding is proposed. We go on to discuss the prospects for an electron EDM search using ultracold, assembled, optically trapped RaAg molecules, and argue that this system is particularly promising for rapid future progress in the search for new sources of ${\cal{CP}}$ violation.
description: Added reference [6]; Created subsubsections "Trends'' and "Comparison of Models and with the Literature''; Reference [36] (now reference [37]) corrected; Formatting errors for molecules in references fixed
Dialoghi tra sguardi: Johari Window e comunicazione interculturale
Creators: name: Battaglia, Sveva
Publisher: name: Università degli  Studi di Milano
Year: 2015
Subjects: Key words: comunicazione interculturale; Johari Window; inglese

description: This study aims at investigating some issues of intercultural communication, underlining how the Johari Window scheme may be a useful tool to observe, understand and improve interpersonal relations, especially in a multicultural group. Particular attention is given to the problems which may interfere in corporate work teams, since communication is fundamental for a company: both for its economic goals and for the human resources management.

The present analysis focuses on some verbal aspects of communication, with an intercultural comparative approach between English – generally speaking, lingua franca of international business – and other languages (Victor 1992, Castiglioni 2011).Yet language is not the only way to communicate: values and non-verbal aspects can intervene in every communicative act (Balboni 2007, Watzlawick 1971), changing our perceptions and expectations. Often, what we consider as natural, is actually cultural, and therefore variable. These differences can generate serious misunderstandings, particularly at work.

The Johari Window method, suggested by Luft (1997), is based on increasing and sharing information between ourselves and the others, in order to improve interior awareness, relations, and effectiveness. For this reason, it is a useful means for helping intercultural dialogue.
description: Altre Modernità, 2015: NUMERO SPECIALE Finestre: sguardi e riflessi, trasparenze e opacità
Cluster-type entangled coherent states
Creators: name: Munhoz, P. P.
name: Semião, F. L.
name: Vidiella-Barranco, A.
name: Roversi, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the cluster-type entangled coherent states (CTECS) and discuss their properties. A cavity QED generation scheme using suitable choices of atom-cavity interactions, obtained via detunings adjustments and the application of classical external fields, is also presented. After the realization of simple atomic measurements, CTECS representing nonlocal electromagnetic fields in separate cavities can be generated.
description: Published in Phys. Lett. A
Interferometry Basics in Practice: Exercises
Creators: name: Millour, Florentin
name: Ségransan, Damien
name: Duvert, G.
name: Malbet, Fabien
name: Berger, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The following exercises aim to learn the link between the object intensity distribution and the corresponding visibility curves of a long-baseline ptical interferometer. They are also intended to show the additional constraints on observability that an interferometer has. This practical session is meant to be carried out with the ASPRO software, from the Jean-Marie Mariotti Center, but can also be done using other observation preparation software, such as viscalc from ESO. There are two main parts with series of exercises and the exercises corrections. The first one aims at understanding the visibility and its properties by practicing with simple examples, and the second one is about UV coverage.
description: 33 pages, to be published in New Astronomy Reviews, Elsevier
In Search of the Largest Velocity Dispersion Galaxies
Creators: name: Salviander, S.
name: Shields, G. A.
name: Gebhardt, K.
name: Bernardi, M.
name: Hyde, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET) observations for galaxies at redshift z < 0.3 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) showing large velocity dispersions while appearing to be single galaxies in HST images. The high signal-to-noise HET spectra provide more definitive velocity dispersions. The maximum velocity dispersion we find is 444 km/s. Emission-line widths in QSOs indicate that black holes can exist with masses exceeding 5 billion solar masses, implying velocity dispersions greater than 500 km/s by the local black hole mass - velocity dispersion relationship. This suggests either that QSO black hole masses are overestimated or that the black hole - bulge relationship changes at high black hole mass. The latter option is consistent with evidence that the increase in velocity dispersion with luminosity levels off for the brightest elliptical galaxies.
description: 18 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ
Beating the Standard Quantum Limit with Four Entangled Photons
Creators: name: Nagata, Tomohisa
name: Okamoto, Ryo
name: O'Brien, Jeremy L.
name: Sasaki, Keiji
name: Takeuchi, Shigeki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision measurements are important across all fields of science. In particular, optical phase measurements can be used to measure distance, position, displacement, acceleration and optical path length. Quantum entanglement enables higher precision than would otherwise be possible. We demonstrate an optical phase measurement with an entangled four photon interference visibility greater than the threshold to beat the standard quantum limit--the limit attainable without entanglement. These results open the way for new high-precision measurement applications.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures Author name was slightly modified
Machine Learning Techniques to Construct Patched Analog Ensembles for Data Assimilation
Creators: name: Yang, Lucia Minah
name: Grooms, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T07, 62M45, 93E11

description: Using generative models from the machine learning literature to create artificial ensemble members for use within data assimilation schemes has been introduced in [Grooms QJRMS, 2020] as constructed analog ensemble optimal interpolation (cAnEnOI). Specifically, we study general and variational autoencoders for the machine learning component of this method, and combine the ideas of constructed analogs and ensemble optimal interpolation in the data assimilation piece. To extend the scalability of cAnEnOI for use in data assimilation on complex dynamical models, we propose using patching schemes to divide the global spatial domain into digestible chunks. Using patches makes training the generative models possible and has the added benefit of being able to exploit parallelism during the generative step. Testing this new algorithm on a 1D toy model, we find that larger patch sizes make it harder to train an accurate generative model (i.e. a model whose reconstruction error is small), while conversely the data assimilation performance improves at larger patch sizes. There is thus a sweet spot where the patch size is large enough to enable good data assimilation performance, but not so large that it becomes difficult to train an accurate generative model. In our tests the new patched cAnEnOI method outperforms the original (unpatched) cAnEnOI, as well as the ensemble square root filter results from [Grooms QJRMS, 2020].
description: 21 pages, 10 figures
Recommendations for 46,XX Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Across Two Decades: Insights from the North American Differences of Sex Development Clinician Survey
Creators: name: Sorouri Khorashad, Behzad
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, differences of sex development, decision-making, gender assignment, surgery, disclosure, clinical practice guidelines
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Health Sciences

description: Several aspects of clinical management of 46,XX congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) remain unsettled and controversial. The North American Disorders/Differences of Sex Development (DSD) Clinician Survey investigated changes, over the last two decades, in clinical recommendations by specialists involved in the management of newborns with DSD. Members of the (Lawson Wilkins) Pediatric Endocrine Society and the Societies for Pediatric Urology participated in a web-based survey at three timepoints: 2003-04 (T1, n=432), 2010-11 (T2, n=441), and 2020 (T3, n=272). Participants were presented with two clinical case scenarios – newborns with 46,XX CAH and either mild-to-moderate or severe genital masculinization – and asked for clinical recommendations. Across timepoints, most participants recommended rearing the newborn as a girl, that parents (in consultation with physicians) should make surgical decisions, performing early genitoplasty, and disclosing surgical history at younger ages. Several trends were identified: a small, but significant shift toward recommending a gender other than girl; recommending that adolescent patients serve as the genital surgery decision maker; performing genital surgery at later ages; and disclosing surgical details at younger ages. This is the first study assessing physician recommendations across two decades. Despite variability in the recommendations most experts followed CAH clinical practice guidelines. The observation that some of the emerging trends do not align with expert opinion or empirical evidence should serve as both a cautionary note as well as a call for prospective studies examining patient outcomes associated with these changes.
Aphropsylla wollastoni Rothschild
Creators: name: Hastriter, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Siphonaptera
Pulicidae
Aphropsylla
Aphropsylla wollastoni

description: Aphropsylla wollastoni Rothschild (Figs. 4, 9, 18) Ctenocephalus wollastoni Rothschild. 1908. Entomologist’s Monthly Magazine, 44:76-79. Aphropsylla wollastoni Jordan. 1932:292-293; Hopkins. 1947:152; Hopkins and Roth- schild. 1953:133; Cheetham. 1988: 102; Beaucournu. 2004:190. Material Examined. Lectotype and paralectotype ♁♁, Uganda: Mubuku Valley [̴ 0°21’N, 30°02’E], E. side of Rwenzori [Range], 1830 m elev., ex. “a mouse”, 10 III 1906, A.F.R. Wollaston (BMNH). Remarks. Rothschild (1908) described A. wollastoni from three males from the Rwenzori, Uganda. Th e female is not described and additional records, other than the type series, have never been reported. Th e host of this flea remains to be determined. Future collections might well be directed from bird nests of finches (family Fringillidae) at or near the type locality.
description: Published as part of Hastriter, Michael, 2009, A description of four new species of fleas (Insecta, Siphonaptera) from Angola, Ethiopia, Papua New Guinea, and Peru, pp. 39-61 in ZooKeys 8 (8) on page 48, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.8.82, http://zenodo.org/record/576443
description: {"references": ["Rothschild NC (1908) Notes on a collection of Siphonaptera from the Ruwenzori, Uganda. Entomologist's Monthly Magazine 44: 76 - 79."]}
Zgamma production and limits on anomalous ZZgamma and Zgammagamma couplings in ppbar collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV
Creators: name: D0 Collaboration
name: Abazov, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of eegamma and mumugamma events using 1109 (1009) pb-1 of data in the electron (muon) channel, respectively. These data were collected with the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron ppbar Collider at sqrt(s) = 1.96 TeV. Having observed 453 (515) candidates in the eegamma (mumugamma) final state, we measure the Zgamma production cross section for a photon with transverse energy ET > 7 GeV, separation between the photon and leptons Delta R(lgamma) > 0.7, and invariant mass of the di-lepton pair M(ll) > 30 GeV/c^2, to be 4.96 +/- 0.30(stat. + syst.) +/- 0.30(lumi.) pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction of 4.74 +/- 0.22 pb. This is the most precise Zgamma cross section measurement at a hadron collider. We set limits on anomalous trilinear Zgammagamma and ZZgamma gauge boson couplings of -0.085 < h(30)^(gamma) < 0.084, -0.0053 < h(40)^(gamma) < 0.0054 and -0.083 < h(30)^(Z) < 0.082, -0.0053 < h(40)^(Z) < 0.0054 at the 95% C.L. for the form-factor scale Lambda = 1.2 TeV.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Published in Phys. Lett. B
Fig. S1.pdf
Creators: name: Hume, Patrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60802 Animal Cell and Molecular Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplemental figures for Manuscript titled "Cigarette Smoke-Induced Emphysema-like Disease in Mice Develops Independently of HIF-1a Signaling in Leukocytes"
Efficient computation of high index Sturm-Liouville eigenvalues for problems in physics
Creators: name: Ledoux, Veerle
name: Van Daele, Marnix
name: Berghe, Guido Vanden
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34B24; 34L16

description: Finding the eigenvalues of a Sturm-Liouville problem can be a computationally challenging task, especially when a large set of eigenvalues is computed, or just when particularly large eigenvalues are sought. This is a consequence of the highly oscillatory behaviour of the solutions corresponding to high eigenvalues, which forces a naive integrator to take increasingly smaller steps. We will discuss some techniques that yield uniform approximation over the whole eigenvalue spectrum and can take large steps even for high eigenvalues. In particular, we will focus on methods based on coefficient approximation which replace the coefficient functions of the Sturm-Liouville problem by simpler approximations and then solve the approximating problem. The use of (modified) Magnus or Neumann integrators allows to extend the coefficient approximation idea to higher order methods.
Deformed Coordinate-Space Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov Approach to Weakly Bound Nuclei and Large Deformations
Creators: name: Pei, J. C.
name: Stoitsov, M. V.
name: Fann, G. I.
name: Nazarewicz, W.
name: Schunck, N.
name: Xu, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coordinate space formulation of the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) method enables self-consistent treatment of mean-field and pairing in weakly bound systems whose properties are affected by the particle continuum space. Of particular interest are neutron-rich, deformed drip-line nuclei which can exhibit novel properties associated with neutron skin. To describe such systems theoretically, we developed an accurate 2D lattice Skyrme-HFB solver {\hfbax} based on B-splines. Compared to previous implementations, we made a number of improvements aimed at boosting the solver's performance. These include: explicit imposition of axiality and space inversion, use of the modified Broyden's method to solve self-consistent equations, and a partial parallelization of the code. {\hfbax} has been benchmarked against other HFB solvers, both spherical and deformed, and the accuracy of the B-spline expansion was tested by employing the multiresolution wavelet method. Illustrative calculations are carried out for stable and weakly bound nuclei at spherical and very deformed shapes, including constrained fission pathways. In addition to providing new physics insights, {\hfbax} can serve as a useful tool to assess the reliability and applicability of coordinate-space and configuration-space HFB solvers, both existing and in development.
description: 12 pages,7 figs, submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Temporal and spatial processing of homophonous and non-homophonous words by hearing and hearing impaired children
Creators: name: Handy, Lynda Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether there was indeed a relationship between processing strategy (temporal or spatial processing) and internal speech. The task utilized for the study, was constructed from the tasks used by O'Connor and Hermeiin (1973a), Conrad (1979), and Booth(1982). It was then administered to 71 hearing impaired and 74 hearing subjects. The groups were matched according to vocabulary level, rather than chronological age. Results strongly indicate that there is indeed a relationship between temporal processing and internal speech for hearing threshold level groups. Age was shown to be a determining factor for choice of processing strategy for both hearing and hearing impaired groups. Severity of hearing loss was not found to have an effect on processing strategy. Profoundly deaf children, and hearing children did not demonstrate a preferred processing strategy. It would seem necessary to continue to investigate the relationship between processing strategy and internal speech. Perhaps looking at individuals rather than heterogeneous groups would yield additional information.
Quantum computing with collective ensembles of multi-level systems
Creators: name: Brion, E.
name: Moelmer, K.
name: Saffman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new physical approach for encoding and processing of quantum information in ensembles of multi-level quantum systems, where the different bits are not carried by individual particles but associated with the collective population of different internal levels. One- and two-bit gates are implemented by collective internal state transitions taking place in the presence of an excitation blockade mechanism which restricts the population of each internal state to the values zero and unity. 10-20 bit quantum computers can be built via this scheme in single trapped clouds of ground state atoms subject to the Rydberg excitation blockade mechanism, and the linear dependence between register size and the number of internal quantum states in atoms offers realistic means to reach larger registers.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Beryllium in Ultra-Lithium-Deficient Halo Stars - The Blue Straggler Connection
Creators: name: Boesgaard, Ann Merchant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are nine metal-deficient stars that have Li abundances well below the Li plateau that is defined by over 100 unevolved stars with temperatures above 5800 K and values of [Fe/H] $
description: 17 pages of text, 12 figures, 3 tables Submitted to ApJ
Conservation Agriculture, A way for Soil & water Conservation
Creators: name: Deepak Prajapati *, Amar Singh Gaur*, Jagannath Pathak*, Krishnanand Yadav* and Anurag**
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2023

description: Introduction

Conservation agriculture (CA) identified by the practice of minimum soil disturbance, diversified crop rotations, and maintenance of organic cover reinforces ecosystems services through a number of interrelated pathways. The production of food in CA reinforces the provision ecosystem services. The regulatory services such as carbon sequestration, climate regulation, and control of soil erosion are strengthened through conservation agriculture
Combined analysis of HPK 3.1 LGADs using a proton beam, beta source, and probe station towards establishing high volume quality control
Creators: name: Heller, Ryan
name: Abreu, Andrés
name: Apresyan, Artur
name: Arcidiacono, Roberta
name: Cartiglia, Nicolò
name: DiPetrillo, Karri
name: Ferrero, Marco
name: Hussain, Meraj
name: Lazarovitz, Margaret
name: Lee, Hakseong
name: Los, Sergey
name: Moon, Chang-Seong
name: Peña, Cristián
name: Siviero, Federico
name: Sola, Valentina
name: Wamorkar, Tanvi
name: Xie, Si
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The upgrades of the CMS and ATLAS experiments for the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider will employ precision timing detectors based on Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). We present a suite of results combining measurements from the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, a beta source telescope, and a probe station, allowing full characterization of the HPK type 3.1 production of LGAD prototypes developed for these detectors. We demonstrate that the LGAD response to high energy test beam particles is accurately reproduced with a beta source. We further establish that probe station measurements of the gain implant accurately predict the particle response and operating parameters of each sensor, and conclude that the uniformity of the gain implant in this production is sufficient to produce full-sized sensors for the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors.
description: 20 page, 20 figures
The evolving networks and institutions in the genesis of organizational novelty: Evidence from the fintech company Ant Group
Creators: name: Zhu, Yilin
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Organizational Novelty
subject: Evolving Networks and Institutions
subject: Fintech Conglomerate

description: This archival case study examines the organizational evolution of the Chinese fintech conglomerate Ant Group as an example of the emergence of organizational novelty. To investigate how an e-retailer evolves into a massive financial conglomerate under a shifting regulatory environment, I developed an integrated network-institutional theoretical framework to characterize how the intertwined networks of e-commerce, banking, and governments and institutions co-evolved to shape the genesis and evolution of Ant Group. The archival evidence presents how organizational practices and values (big data and platform mindsets) in E-commerce were transposed to the banking industry at the intersection of three originally separate networks, which completely transformed the way the financial market is organized and the way finance is regulated. Moreover, the network-institutional approach vividly captures how shifting institutions interact with the relational process of transposition and influence intertwined networks’ effects on the generation of novel practices. Under the originally loose regulatory institutions, the Ant group could mobilize a few business and political networks to make the transposition happen. As the regulatory institutions grew more stringent, Ant Group’s extensive business and political networks and central network positions failed to buffer the regulatory uncertainties, resulting in organizational restructuring requested by the Central authorities.
Far-infrared signature of the superconducting gap in intercalated graphite CaC6
Creators: name: Nagel, U.
name: Huvonen, D.
name: Joon, E.
name: Kim, J. S.
name: Kremer, R. K.
name: Room, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Terahertz reflectance spectra of the Ca-intercalated graphite CaC6 reveal a superconducting gap below 11K. The gap signature lacks a sharp onset to full reflectivity at 2Delta, but rather shows a distribution of gap values consistent with an anisotropic gap. The experimental data were successfully fitted to the gap distribution obtained from density functional calculations by Sanna et al. (Phys.Rev. B75, 020511, 2007). The temperature dependence of the superconducting gap is characteristic for a BCS type superconductor.
K-inflationary Power Spectra in the Uniform Approximation
Creators: name: Lorenz, Larissa
name: Martin, Jerome
name: Ringeval, Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The advent of explicit Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) inflationary models within string theory has drawn renewed interest to the cosmological role of unusual scalar field dynamics, usually referred to as k-inflation. In this situation, the standard method used to determine the behavior of cosmological perturbations breaks down. We present a generic method, based on the uniform approximation, to analytically derive the power spectra of scalar and tensor perturbations. For this purpose, a simple hierarchy of parameters, related to the sound speed of the cosmological fluctuations and its successive derivatives, is introduced in a k-inflation analogue of the Hubble flow functions. The scalar spectral index and its running are obtained up to next to next to leading order for all k-inflationary models. This result relies on the existence of a well-motivated initial state, which is not trivial in the present context: having the wavelength of the Fourier mode smaller than the sonic horizon is indeed not enough and some conditions on the dynamics of the sound speed are also required. Our method is then applied to various models encountered in the literature. After deriving a generic slow-roll trajectory valid for any DBI model, simple formulae for the cosmological observables are obtained. In particular, the running, as the spectral index, for the so-called UV and IR brane inflationary models is found to be uniquely determined by the 't Hooft coupling. Finally, the accuracy of these cosmological predictions is assessed by comparing the analytical approximations with exact numerical integrations.
description: 21 pages, 9 figures, uses RevTeX. References added, misprints corrected, matches published version
Stability transitions for axisymmetric relative equilibria of Euclidean symmetric Hamiltonian systems
Creators: name: Patrick, G. W.
name: Roberts, R. M.
name: Wulff, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the presence of noncompact symmetry, the stability of relative equilibria under momentum-preserving perturbations does not generally imply robust stability under momentum-changing perturbations. For axisymmetric relative equilibria of Hamiltonian systems with Euclidean symmetry, we investigate different mechanisms of stability: stability by energy-momentum confinement, KAM, and Nekhoroshev stability, and we explain the transitions between these. We apply our results to the Kirchhoff model for the motion of an axisymmetric underwater vehicle, and we numerically study dissipation induced instability of KAM stable relative equilibria for this system.
description: Minor revisions. Typographical errors corrected
Composing Effective Prediction at Five Points
Creators: name: Carrasco, John Joseph M.
name: Rodina, Laurentiu
name: Zekioglu, Suna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Color-kinematics duality in the adjoint has proven key to the relationship between gauge and gravity theory scattering amplitude predictions. In recent work, we demonstrated that at four-point tree-level, a small number of color-dual EFT building blocks could encode all higher-derivative single-trace massless corrections to gauge and gravity theories compatible with adjoint double-copy. One critical aspect was the trivialization of building higher-derivative color-weights -- indeed, it is the mixing of kinematics with non-adjoint-type color-weights (like the permutation-invariant d^4) which permits description via adjoint double-copy. Here we find that such ideas clarify the predictions of local five-point higher-dimensional operators as well. We demonstrate how a single scalar building block can be combined with color structures to build higher-derivative color factors that generate, through double copy, the predictions of higher-derivative gauge-theory operators. These may then be suitably mapped, through another double-copy, to higher-derivative corrections in gravity.
description: 73 pages, 6 tables, at least 5 algebraic structures. Ancillary Mathematica files available at: https://github.com/sunazekioglu/fivePointEFT
In-situ photoemission study of Pr_{1-x}Ca_xMnO_3 epitaxial thin films with suppressed charge fluctuations
Creators: name: Wadati, H.
name: Maniwa, A.
name: Chikamatsu, A.
name: Ohkubo, I.
name: Kumigashira, H.
name: Oshima, M.
name: Fujimori, A.
name: Lippmaa, M.
name: Kawasaki, M.
name: Koinuma, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed an {\it in-situ} photoemission study of Pr_{1-x}Ca_xMnO_3 (PCMO) thin films grown on LaAlO_3 (001) substrates and observed the effect of epitaxial strain on the electronic structure. We found that the chemical potential shifted monotonically with doping, unlike bulk PCMO, implying the disappearance of incommensurate charge fluctuations of bulk PCMO. In the valence-band spectra, we found a doping-induced energy shift toward the Fermi level (E_F) but there was no spectral weight transfer, which was observed in bulk PCMO. The gap at E_F was clearly seen in the experimental band dispersions determined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and could not be explained by the metallic band structure of the C-type antiferromagnetic state, probably due to localization of electrons along the ferromagnetic chain direction or due to another type of spin-orbital ordering.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Reachability of weakly nonlinear systems using Carleman linearization
Creators: name: Forets, Marcelo
name: Schilling, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this article we introduce a solution method for a special class of nonlinear initial-value problems using set-based propagation techniques. The novelty of the approach is that we employ a particular embedding (Carleman linearization) to leverage recent advances of high-dimensional reachability solvers for linear ordinary differential equations based on the support function. Using a global error bound for the Carleman linearization abstraction, we are able to describe the full set of behaviors of the system for sets of initial conditions and in dense time.
Fe and Al Abundances for 180 Red Giants in the Globular Cluster Omega Centauri (NGC 5139)
Creators: name: Johnson, Christian I.
name: Pilachowski, Catherine A.
name: Simmerer, Jennifer
name: Schwenk, Dustin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present radial velocities, Fe, and Al abundances for 180 red giant branch (RGB) stars in the Galactic globular cluster Omega Centauri ($ω$ Cen). The majority of our data lie in the range 11.0$$1 Gyr.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ, 77 pages, 17 figures, 7 Tables
Superconductivity on the border of weak itinerant ferromagnetism in UCoGe
Creators: name: Huy, N. T.
name: Gasparini, A.
name: de Nijs, D. E.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Klaasse, J. C. P.
name: Gortenmulder, T.
name: de Visser, A.
name: Hamann, A.
name: Gorlach, T.
name: Lohneysen, H. v.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the coexistence of ferromagnetic order and superconductivity in UCoGe at ambient pressure. Magnetization measurements show that UCoGe is a weak ferromagnet with a Curie temperature T_{C}= 3 K and a small ordered moment $m_{0}$= 0.03 $μ_B$. Superconductivity is observed with a resistive transition temperature T_{s} = 0.8 K for the best sample. Thermal-expansion and specific-heat measurements provide solid evidence for bulk magnetism and superconductivity. The proximity to a ferromagnetic instability, the defect sensitivity of T_{s}, and the absence of Pauli limiting, suggest triplet superconductivity mediated by critical ferromagnetic fluctuations.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures; PRL, in print
Effect of Orbital Angular Momentum on Valence-Quark Helicity Distributions
Creators: name: Avakian, Harut
name: Brodsky, Stanley J.
name: Deur, Alexandre
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quark helicity distributions at large x in perturbative QCD, taking into account contributions from the valence Fock states of the nucleon which have nonzero orbital angular momentum. These states are necessary to have a nonzero anomalous magnetic moment. We find that the quark orbital angular momentum contributes a large logarithm to the negative helicity quark distributions in addition to its power behavior, scaling as (1-x)^5\log^2(1-x) in the limit of x\to 1. Our analysis shows that the ratio of the polarized over unpolarized down quark distributions, Δd/d, will still approach 1 in this limit. By comparing with the experimental data, we find that this ratio should cross zero at x\approx 0.75.
description: 10 pages, 3 eps figures
Exploiting ultrasound tongue imaging for the automatic detection of speech articulation errors
Creators: name: Ribeiro, Manuel Sam
name: Cleland, Joanne
name: Eshky, Aciel
name: Richmond, Korin
name: Renals, Steve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Speech sound disorders are a common communication impairment in childhood. Because speech disorders can negatively affect the lives and the development of children, clinical intervention is often recommended. To help with diagnosis and treatment, clinicians use instrumented methods such as spectrograms or ultrasound tongue imaging to analyse speech articulations. Analysis with these methods can be laborious for clinicians, therefore there is growing interest in its automation. In this paper, we investigate the contribution of ultrasound tongue imaging for the automatic detection of speech articulation errors. Our systems are trained on typically developing child speech and augmented with a database of adult speech using audio and ultrasound. Evaluation on typically developing speech indicates that pre-training on adult speech and jointly using ultrasound and audio gives the best results with an accuracy of 86.9%. To evaluate on disordered speech, we collect pronunciation scores from experienced speech and language therapists, focusing on cases of velar fronting and gliding of /r/. The scores show good inter-annotator agreement for velar fronting, but not for gliding errors. For automatic velar fronting error detection, the best results are obtained when jointly using ultrasound and audio. The best system correctly detects 86.6% of the errors identified by experienced clinicians. Out of all the segments identified as errors by the best system, 73.2% match errors identified by clinicians. Results on automatic gliding detection are harder to interpret due to poor inter-annotator agreement, but appear promising. Overall findings suggest that automatic detection of speech articulation errors has potential to be integrated into ultrasound intervention software for automatically quantifying progress during speech therapy.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables
Microscopic origin of granular ratcheting
Creators: name: McNamara, S.
name: García-Rojo, R.
name: Herrmann, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of assemblies of grains under cyclic loading exhibit ``granular ratcheting'': a small net deformation occurs with each cycle, leading to a linear accumulation of deformation with cycle number. We show that this is due to a curious property of the most frequently used models of the particle-particle interaction: namely, that the potential energy stored in contacts is path-dependent. There exist closed paths that change the stored energy, even if the particles remain in contact and do not slide. An alternative method for calculating the tangential force removes granular ratcheting.
description: 13 pages, 18 figures
Electromagnetic form factors of the Delta in a S-wave approach
Creators: name: Ramalho, G.
name: Pena, M. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Without any further adjusting of parameters, a relativistic constituent quark model, successful in the description of the data for the nucleon elastic form factors and of the dominant contribution for the nucleon to Delta electromagnetic transition, is used here to predict the dominant electromagnetic form factors of the Delta baryon. The model is based on a simple Delta wave function corresponding to a quark-diquark system in an S-state. The results for E0 and M1 are consistent both with experimental results and lattice calculations. The remaining form factors E2 and M3 vanish, given the symmetric structure taken for the Delta.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Higher education in Albania: access and financing
Creators: name: Fondi, Francesca
Publisher: name: IMT Alti Studi Lucca
Year: 2014
Subjects: JA Political science (General)

description: The policy debate on higher education in the Western Balkans, and specifically in Albania, has received scarce attention
as object of study in the last decades. Nonetheless, the efforts to rebuild the higher education systems after the Communist period are still facing several
challenges, especially considering that in a country like Albania the socio-economic environment has been stable only since the years 2000. Through a social
science approach, drawing on sociological theories of massification and democratisation of higher education, as well as on different financing theories and
models, the present study provides an analysis of past and current policies of higher education in Albania, including ongoing reforms to redesign the sector.
Through a specific focus on access and financing of higher education, this work aims at assessing to what extent these policies respond to principles of equity
and equality of opportunities. Based on field experience and studies, as well as analysis of primary and secondary sources, the research provides an original
insight into the Albanian policy-making process, showing that, despite embracing most of those principles on paper, current and proposed reforms still lack
the necessary implementing power, in a competition between global internationalisation forces and internal struggles to overcome the country’s heavy historical
legacies. Conclusions are accompanied by policy recommendations, aimed at informing the policy debate and providing suggestions for the implementation of more equitable access and financing models.
Milagro Constraints on Very High Energy Emission from Short Duration Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Abdo, A. A.
name: Allen, B. T.
name: Berley, D.
name: Blaufuss, E.
name: Casanova, S.
name: Dingus, B. L.
name: Ellsworth, R. W.
name: Gonzalez, M. M.
name: Goodman, J. A.
name: Hays, E.
name: Hoffman, C. M.
name: Kolterman, B. E.
name: Lansdell, C. P.
name: Linnemann, J. T.
name: McEnery, J. E.
name: Mincer, A. I.
name: Nemethy, P.
name: Noyes, D.
name: Ryan, J. M.
name: Samuelson, F. W.
name: Parkinson, P. M. Saz
name: Shoup, A.
name: Sinnis, G.
name: Smith, A. J.
name: Sullivan, G. W.
name: Vasileiou, V.
name: Walker, G. P.
name: Williams, D. A.
name: Xu, X. W.
name: Yodh, G. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent rapid localizations of short, hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) by the Swift and HETE satellites have led to the observation of the first afterglows and the measurement of the first redshifts from this type of burst. Detection of >100 GeV counterparts would place powerful constraints on GRB mechanisms. Seventeen short duration (< 5 s) GRBs detected by satellites occurred within the field of view of the Milagro gamma-ray observatory between 2000 January and 2006 December. We have searched the Milagro data for >100 GeV counterparts to these GRBs and find no significant emission correlated with these bursts. Due to the absorption of high-energy gamma rays by the extragalactic background light (EBL), detections are only expected for redshifts less than ~0.5. While most long duration GRBs occur at redshifts higher than 0.5, the opposite is thought to be true of short GRBs. Lack of a detected VHE signal thus allows setting meaningful fluence limits. One GRB in the sample (050509b) has a likely association with a galaxy at a redshift of 0.225, while another (051103) has been tentatively linked to the nearby galaxy M81. Fluence limits are corrected for EBL absorption, either using the known measured redshift, or computing the corresponding absorption for a redshift of 0.1 and 0.5, as well as for the case of z=0.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal