cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Characterization of NLRP3 in the Maintenance of Cardiac Tissue Homeostasis
Creators: name: Bracey, Nathan
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Inflammation
subject: Heart Disease
subject: Fibrosis

description: Chronic cardiovascular diseases are characterized by tissue destruction and ongoing inflammation that impairs organ function. This non-microbial and chronic inflammation is mediated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). NLRP3 is one intracellular PRR that regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in response to endogenous signals from dying cells. While much in known regarding NLRP3 regulation of cytokine secretion, its broader function in diverse cell populations during cardiac injury has not been explored. Using murine models, we sought to characterize the role and expression of NLRP3 in chronic cardiovascular disease. We discovered that in addition to its established roles in regulating cytokine secretion, Nlrp3-/- mice were protected against Angiotensin II-induced hypertensive cardiac fibrosis despite negligible leukocytic infiltrate, apoptosis and cytokine processing. These results suggested the possibility of non-canonical signalling mechanisms in non-immune cells. We further explored the possibility of cytokine-independent roles for NLRP3 with the use of primary human and murine cell culture, microscopy and in vitro reporter systems. We began looking in cardiac fibroblasts, which displayed significant NLRP3 expression in left ventricular tissue samples from human patients with heart failure. NLRP3 was induced by pro-fibrotic signalling during cardiac fibroblast differentiation to myofibroblast phenotype by TGFβ. We found that NLRP3 augmented TGFβ-induced receptor associated Smad (R-Smad2/3) phosphorylation, nuclear accumulation and transcriptional activity in a Nucleotide Binding Domain-dependent mechanism. Interestingly, these phenotypes appeared independent from canonical NLRP3 signalling through caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18. The ability of NLRP3 to regulate diverse cellular processes suggested a potentially broad function in cellular physiology. We went on to establish that endogenous NLRP3 localized to mitochondrial structures in primary human cardiac fibroblasts, macrophages and epithelial cell lines. Finally, using live-cell imaging and flow cytometry we found that NLRP3 potentiated the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are required for TGFβ signalling and differentiation. Our results propose for the first time a general function for NLRP3 in structural and professional immune cells. A role for NLRP3 upstream of ROS offers a potentially unifying explanation for NLRP3 cytokine-dependent and independent pathways, and provides novel insight into the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular disease.
Optimized reduction of uncertainty in bursty human dynamics
Creators: name: Jo, Hang-Hyun
name: Moon, Eunyoung
name: Kaski, Kimmo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human dynamics is known to be inhomogeneous and bursty but the detailed understanding of the role of human factors in bursty dynamics is still lacking. In order to investigate their role we devise an agent-based model, where an agent in an uncertain situation tries to reduce the uncertainty by communicating with information providers while having to wait time for responses. Here the waiting time can be considered as cost. We show that the optimal choice of the waiting time under uncertainty gives rise to the bursty dynamics, characterized by the heavy-tailed distribution of optimal waiting time. We find that in all cases the efficiency for communication is relevant to the scaling behavior of the optimal waiting time distribution. On the other hand the cost turns out in some cases to be irrelevant depending on the degree of uncertainty and efficiency.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 1 of A novel tool for predicting the survival of endoprosthesis used for reconstruction of the knee following tumor resection: a retrospective cohort study
Creators: name: Pang, Cheng-gang
name: Yang, Xiong-gang
name: Zhao, Yun-long
name: Liu, Yan-cheng
name: Hu, Yong-cheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1.
Isolated flat bands in 2D lattices based on a novel path-exchange symmetry
Creators: name: Bae, Jun-Hyung
name: Sedrakyan, Tigran
name: Maiti, Saurabh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The increased ability to engineer two-dimensional (2D) systems, either using materials, photonic lattices, or cold atoms, has led to the search for 2D structures with interesting properties. One such property is the presence of flat bands. Typically, the presence of these requires long-ranged hoppings, fine-tuning of nearest neighbor hoppings, or breaking time-reversal symmetry by using a staggered flux distribution in the unit cell. We provide a prescription based on carrying out projections from a parent system to generate different flat band systems. We identify the conditions for maintaining the flatness and identify a path-exchange symmetry in such systems that cause the flat band to be degenerate with the other dispersive ones. Breaking this symmetry leads to lifting the degeneracy while still preserving the flatness of the band. This technique does not require changing the topology nor breaking time-reversal symmetry as was suggested earlier in the literature. The prescription also eliminates the need for any fine-tuning. Moreover, it is shown that the subsequent projected systems inherit the precise fine-tuning conditions that were discussed in the literature for similar systems, in order to have and isolate a flat band. As examples, we demonstrate the use of our prescription to arrive at the flat band conditions for popular systems like the Kagome, the Lieb, and the Dice lattices. Finally, we are also able to show that a flat band exists in a recently proposed chiral spin-liquid state of the Kagome lattice only if it is associated with a gauge field that produces a flux modulation of the Chern-Simons type.
description: 37 pages, 20 figures, References are updated and an additional section on flux-attachment to lattice is also included
Invisible Higgs and Scalar Dark Matter
Creators: name: Mambrini, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this proceeding, we show that when we combined WMAP and the most recent results of XENON100, the invisible width of the Higgs to scalar dark matter is negligible(<10%), except in a small region with very light dark matter (< 10 GeV) not yet excluded by XENON100 or around 60 GeV where the ratio can reach 50% to 60%. The new results released by the Higgs searches of ATLAS and CMS set very strong limits on the elastic scattering cross section.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, proceeding TAUP2011 References added
Time-lapse seismic interpretation of a heavy oil field producing from cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS)
Creators: name: Spackman, Scott Brian
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Geophysics

description: Heavy oil reservoirs in Western Canada have been producing using many extraction methods since their discovery. In the right conditions these reserves may be produced using cold heavy oil production with sand (CHOPS), where sand, oil, formation water, and any other gases and fluids, are all pumped out simultaneously. This causes changes in the reservoir that may be examined through time-lapse (4D) seismic methods. Feasibility of this method will be examined using 1D ray trace modeling. Rock property calculations and estimations of the reservoir properties from well log data guided the starting model. Ray tracing is used to test the feasibility of time-lapse effects as well as resolution limitations for a thin sand reservoir. PP-Compressional wave time-lapse seismic analysis is used to investigate the production footprint from CHOPS well production. Interpreting the data and modeling allows determination of future infill well location decisions, by understanding the lateral extent of wormhole influenced regions, the higher permeability zones radiating out from well locations, created during the extraction process of unconsolidated sand and heavy oil together. Time-lapse 4D seismic is a powerful tool for reservoir investigation that may be utilized to monitor reservoirs where changes in the zone of interest are measurable using surface reflection methods.
Understanding dictionaries at the intersection of theory and practice
Creators: name: Conway, Alexander
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Dictionaries are fundamental data structures that associate values to a set of keys. They form the foundation of most storage systems, and are key to the performance of many algorithms.Dictionaries are well studied from an algorithmic perspective, and many constructions of optimal dictionaries are known. However, these are rarely used in practice, and the ubiquitious implementation, the log-structured merge tree, is theoretically suboptimal.This work studies a collection of dictionary problems, each of which lies somewhere between theory and practice. These problems take advantage of the flow of ideas back and forth betwen them, yielding interesting and surprising results, both where innovations and ideas in systems have influenced theoretical data structures, and also where those data structures form the foundation for new highly performant systems.
An Effective Sign Switching Dark Energy: Lotka-Volterra Model of Two Interacting Fluids
Creators: name: Ong, Yen Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: One of the recent attempts to address the Hubble and $S_8$ tensions is to consider the Universe started out not as a de Sitter-like spacetime, but rather anti-de Sitter-like. That is, the Universe underwent an "AdS-to-dS" transition at some point. We study the possibility that there are two dark energy fluids, one of which gave rise to the anti-de Sitter-like early Universe. The interaction is modeled by the Lotka-Volterra equations, commonly used in population biology. We consider "competition" models that are further classified as "unfair competition" and "fair competition". The former involves a quintessence in competition with a phantom, and the second involves two phantom fluids. Surprisingly, even in the latter scenario it is possible for the overall dark energy to cross the phantom divide. The latter model also allows a constant $w$ "AdS-to-dS" transition, thus evading the theorem that such a dark energy must possess a singular equation of state. We also consider a "conversion" model in which a phantom fluid still manages to achieve "AdS-to-dS" transition even if it is being converted into a negative energy density quintessence. In these models, the energy density of the late time effective dark energy is related to the coefficient of the quadratic self-interaction term of the fluids, which is analogous to the resource capacity in population biology.
description: v2: added more clarifications and references
Additional file 1 of Perceptions of underlying practice hierarchies: Who is managing my care?
Creators: name: Officer, Tara N
name: McBride-Henry, Karen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Interview schedule
Evaluating student’s ability to assess treatment claims : validating a German version of the Claim Evaluation Tools
Creators: name: Hinneburg, Jana
name: Gasteiger-Klicpera, Barbara
name: Kasper, Jürgen
name: Lühnen, Julia
name: Maitz, Katharina
name: Martens, Thomas
name: Steckelberg, Anke
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Background: The Claim Evaluation Tools measure the ability to assess claims about treatment effects. The aim of this study was to adapt the German item sets to the target group of secondary school students (aged 11 to 16 years, grade 6 to 10) and to validate them accordingly. The scale’s reliability and validity using Rasch’s probabilistic test theory should be determined. Methods: We conducted a sequential mixed-method study comprising three stages: contextualisation and adaption of the items (stage 1), piloting of the item sets using qualitative interviews (stage 2) and a construct validation by testing the unidimensional Rasch scalability for each item set after data collection in one secondary school in Germany and two secondary schools in Austria. We explored summary and individual fit statistics and performed a distractor analysis (stage 3). Results: Secondary school students (n = 6) and their teachers (n = 5) participated in qualitative interviews in Germany. The qualitative interviews identified the need for minor modifications (e.g. reducing thematic repetitions, changing the order of the items). The data of 598 German and Austrian secondary school students were included to test for Rasch scalability. Rasch analyses showed acceptable overall model fit. Distractor analyses suggested that model fit could be improved by simplifying the text in the scenarios, removing and editing response options of some items. Conclusion: After the revision of some items, the questionnaires are suitable to evaluate secondary school students’ ability to assess health claims. A future goal is to increase the pool of items being translated and tested.
Constraining the Thermal History of Tektites by Matching Temperature Dependent Silica Diffusion Models to the SiO2 Diffusion Profiles of Lechatelierite Inclusions
Creators: name: Shapiro, Nora
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2021

description: Tektites, a rare melt-ejecta product from impact cratering events, have a formation process that is poorly understood. Different models of formation have been proposed that assume thermal histories of tektites, but there has been little physical evidence to validate these models. Macris et al. (2018) utilized lechatelierite inclusions, which are high temperature, shock-melted quartz inclusions found within tektites, and their diffusion profiles to constrain the expected thermal history of tektites. They utilized an effective binary diffusion model of SiO2 to match their concentration data of indochinite tektite sample LTS1 to a diffusion profile, then estimated the thermal history. Since that paper, Yu et al. (2019), has proposed a new temperature dependent model of SiO2 diffusion. This thesis combines forward modeling of tektite cooling in air with that of temperature-dependent and concentration-dependent SiO2 diffusion, and applies the modeling to the SiO2 profiles found in the Macris et al. (2018) paper. The updated silicadiffusion model matches the Macris et al. (2018) diffusion profiles with less time heating at the initial temperature: ~42s rather than ~70s. Additionally, the maximum initial temperature before cooling of the LTS1 tektite can be constrained to approximately 2650K. The results provide constraints on the thermal history of tektites as well as hydrocode modeling of the impact process. In addition, the method developed here may be applied to investigate other tektites from other strew fields.
Context-sensitive Spelling Correction Using Google Web 1T 5-Gram Information
Creators: name: Bassil, Youssef
name: Alwani, Mohammad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In computing, spell checking is the process of detecting and sometimes providing spelling suggestions for incorrectly spelled words in a text. Basically, a spell checker is a computer program that uses a dictionary of words to perform spell checking. The bigger the dictionary is, the higher is the error detection rate. The fact that spell checkers are based on regular dictionaries, they suffer from data sparseness problem as they cannot capture large vocabulary of words including proper names, domain-specific terms, technical jargons, special acronyms, and terminologies. As a result, they exhibit low error detection rate and often fail to catch major errors in the text. This paper proposes a new context-sensitive spelling correction method for detecting and correcting non-word and real-word errors in digital text documents. The approach hinges around data statistics from Google Web 1T 5-gram data set which consists of a big volume of n-gram word sequences, extracted from the World Wide Web. Fundamentally, the proposed method comprises an error detector that detects misspellings, a candidate spellings generator based on a character 2-gram model that generates correction suggestions, and an error corrector that performs contextual error correction. Experiments conducted on a set of text documents from different domains and containing misspellings, showed an outstanding spelling error correction rate and a drastic reduction of both non-word and real-word errors. In a further study, the proposed algorithm is to be parallelized so as to lower the computational cost of the error detection and correction processes.
description: LACSC - Lebanese Association for Computational Sciences - http://www.lacsc.org
Understanding disease control: influence of epidemiological and economic factors
Creators: name: Oles, Katarzyna
name: Gudowska-Nowak, Ewa
name: Kleczkowski, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a local spread model of disease transmission on a regular network and compare different control options ranging from treating the whole population to local control in a well-defined neighborhood of an infectious individual. Comparison is based on a total cost of epidemic, including cost of palliative treatment of ill individuals and preventive cost aimed at vaccination or culling of susceptible individuals. Disease is characterized by pre- symptomatic phase which makes detection and control difficult. Three general strategies emerge, global preventive treatment, local treatment within a neighborhood of certain size and only palliative treatment with no prevention. The choice between the strategies depends on relative costs of palliative and preventive treatment. The details of the local strategy and in particular the size of the optimal treatment neighborhood weakly depends on disease infectivity but strongly depends on other epidemiological factors. The required extend of prevention is proportional to the size of the infection neighborhood, but this relationship depends on time till detection and time till treatment in a non-nonlinear (power) law. In addition, we show that the optimal size of control neighborhood is highly sensitive to the relative cost, particularly for inefficient detection and control application. These results have important consequences for design of prevention strategies aiming at emerging diseases for which parameters are not known in advance.
Study of nuclear dynamics of neutron-rich colliding pair at energy of vanishing flow
Creators: name: Gautam, Sakshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study nuclear dynamics at the energy of vanishing flow of neutron-rich systems having N/Z ratio 1.0, 1.6 and 2.0 throughout the mass range at semi central colliding geometry. In particular we study the behavior of average and maximum density with N/Z dependence of the system.
description: submitted to DAE Symposium on Nuclear Physics, December 26-30, 2011, Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, A.P., India
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G -- Applications, Challenges and Solutions
Creators: name: Zhao, Yajun
name: Lv, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It is expected that scholars will continuously strengthen the depth and breadth of theoretical research on RIS, and provide a higher theoretical upper bound for the engineering application of RIS. While making breakthroughs in academic research, it has also made rapid progress in engineering application research and industrialization promotion. This paper will provide an overview of RIS engineering applications, and make a systematic and in-depth analysis of the challenges and candidate solutions of RIS engineering applications. Future trends and challenges are also provided.
description: 22 pages. Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering, 2023
Additional file 1 of Detection of aerobe–anaerobe mixed infection by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in an adult suffering from descending necrotizing mediastinitis
Creators: name: Duan, Jing
name: Zhang, Chuncheng
name: Che, Xiaoshuang
name: Fu, Juanjuan
name: Pang, Feng
name: Zhao, Qigang
name: You, Zhiqing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Materials and methods for mNGS.
Attachment style and relationship satisfaction in intimate relationships of adult children of alcoholics
Creators: name: Resch, Marley
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Educational Psychology
subject: Education--Guidance and Counseling
subject: adult children of alcoholics
subject: Attachment
subject: Addictions

description: A population in which little research exists is with adult children of alcoholics (ACOAs), specifically in regards to their functioning in intimate relationships. This study examined attachment styles and levels of relationship satisfaction of ACOAs and adult children of non-alcoholics (ACONAs) in current intimate relationships. Analyses were also completed examining differences that may exist between maternal versus paternal alcoholism, as well as gender differences among ACOAs. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire along with the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale-Revised, and Couples Satisfaction Index. Findings demonstrated that ACOAs reported more insecure attachment styles and lower relationship satisfaction than ACONAs. No significant results were found when analyzing maternal versus paternal differences or between-gender differences. Potential counselling implications include developing a stronger therapeutic alliance between client and counsellor in individual, couple, and group therapy, along with enhanced interventions based on differences in attachment styles and relationship satisfaction.
Built-in potential and validity of Mott--Schottky analysis in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
Creators: name: Mingebach, Markus
name: Deibel, Carsten
name: Dyakonov, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl):[6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells by means of pulsed photocurrent, temperature dependent current-voltage and capacitance-voltage measurements. We show that a direct transfer of Mott-Schottky (MS) analysis from inorganic devices to organic BHJ solar cells is not generally appropriate to determine the built-in potential, since the resulting potential depends on the active layer thickness. Pulsed photocurrent measurements enabled us to directly study the case of quasi flat bands (QFB) in the bulk of the solar cell. It is well below the built-in potential and differs by diffusion-induced band-bending at the contacts. In contrast to MS analysis the corresponding potential is independent on the active layer thickness and therefore a better measure for flat band conditions in the bulk of a BHJ solar cell as compared to MS analysis.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Osseous skull development of Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei from post-hatching through metamorphosis
Creators: name: Wilson, Sian Caroline
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biology
subject: Anatomy
subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Salamander morphology
subject: geometric morphometrics
subject: Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei

description: Salamander developmental morphological data contribute to deciphering evolutionary relationships of modern/fossil amphibians. This study examines the osseous skull morphology of Ambystoma macrodactylum krausei, from post-hatching through metamorphosis using μCT and synchrotron scanning methods. Skull elements and overall skull shape were described through ontogeny (including one adult). Landmark-based principal components analyses examined shape trends across collection years, premetamorphosis (PM) and metamorphosis (M), and scanning methods. Covariance matrices were compared across collection years. Modularity hypotheses were tested. A. m. krausei forms a prefrontolacrimal. Procrustes-transformed coordinates were significantly different for both collection years and PM/M, but were not significantly different for scanning methods. All shape trends had a significant allometric component. Generally, covariance matrices were more similar during PM than during M across collection years. No support for modularity hypotheses was found; however, the strength of cranial integration was different in the lower jaw and cranium, and through PM/M.
Pairwise Helicity in Higher Dimensions
Creators: name: Fan, Yale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Studies of scattering amplitudes for electric and magnetic charges have identified previously overlooked multiparticle representations of the Poincaré group in four dimensions. Such representations associate nontrivial quantum numbers (known as pairwise helicities) with asymptotically separated pairs of particles, and thus cannot be described as tensor products of one-particle states. We extend this construction to sources and spacetimes of higher dimension. We first establish the dynamical origin of pairwise helicity in $p$-form electrodynamics coupled to mutually nonlocal branes. We then interpret this pairwise helicity as a quantum number under an $SO(2)$ pairwise little group associated with pairs of distinct branes. We further characterize the "higher" little groups that could in principle be used to induce multiparticle or multi-brane representations of the Lorentz group.
description: 5 pages + appendices; v2: references updated; v3: additional comments, published version
The role of editorial boards of scholarly journals on the green and the gold road to open access
Creators: name: Alzahrani, Saad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The traditional subscription-based publishing system of scholarly journals is in crisis, and open access has been suggested as an alternative model. However, participants in the traditional publishing system are engaged in a debate on its feasibility as a replacement for subscription-based journals. As the gatekeepers who determine what is published in scholarly journals, editorial boards play an important role in scholarly communication. However, although there are some studies of their role in scholarly publishing no major study has focused on their role in influencing journal access polices, and in particular, their role in influencing journal policies to make some or all articles free or to allow self-archiving by authors. Through a survey of editors and editorial board members of major scholarly journals, this study explores their role in the open access movement. It examines the positions of the major publishers of scholarly journals (categorized as commercial, scholarly society and university publishers) to open access. In addition, it examines the awareness of journals’ editorial boards of their publisher’s access polices and whether their own attitudes to open access were consistent with those of their publishers. Editorial boards’ behaviour as a force for change in setting open access policies is explored. The study also considers how their level of responsibility at the journal and their own open access publishing behaviour are related to their perception and promotion of open access. The findings of this study show no clear-cut difference between categories of journal publisher in term of offering some or all of their articles free to users, and in allowing authors to self-archive. The respondents in this study demonstrated some awareness about journal access policies, with higher awareness of policies regarding offering free articles than of those on self-archiving. The majority of the respondents are satisfied with subscription-based journals although their opinion on offering free articles and on self-archiving is generally positive. They were not willing to take strong measures to influence journal access policies such as resigning from the editorial board. The level of responsibility at the journal, gender, and publishing behaviour influenced the respondent’s answers to the questionnaire.
Challenge for One Health: Co-Circulation of Zoonotic H5N1 and H9N2 Avian Influenza Viruses in Egypt
Creators: name: Kim, Shin-Hee
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2018
Subjects: zoonotic avian influenza virus
H5N1
H9N2
Egypt
vaccines

description: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses are currently endemic in poultry in Egypt. Eradication of the viruses has been unsuccessful due to improper application of vaccine-based control strategies among other preventive measures. The viruses have evolved rapidly with increased bird-to-human transmission efficacy, thus affecting both animal and public health. Subsequent spread of potentially zoonotic low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 in poultry has also hindered efficient control of avian influenza. The H5N1 viruses acquired enhanced bird-to-human transmissibility by (1) altering amino acids in hemagglutinin (HA) that enable binding affinity to human-type receptors, (2) loss of the glycosylation site and 130 loop in the HA protein and (3) mutation of E627K in the PB2 protein to enhance viral replication in mammalian hosts. The receptor binding site of HA of Egyptian H9N2 viruses has been shown to contain the Q234L substitution along with a H191 mutation, which can increase human-like receptor specificity. Therefore, co-circulation of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses in poultry farming and live bird markets has increased the risk of human exposure, resulting in complication of the epidemiological situation and raising a concern for potential emergence of a new influenza A virus pandemic. For efficient control of infection and transmission, the efficacy of vaccine and vaccination needs to be improved with a comprehensive control strategy, including enhanced biosecurity, education, surveillance, rapid diagnosis and culling of infected poultry.
Additional file 1 of Astrocyte metabolism of the medium-chain fatty acids octanoic acid and decanoic acid promotes GABA synthesis in neurons via elevated glutamine supply
Creators: name: Andersen, Jens V.
name: Westi, Emil W.
name: Jakobsen, Emil
name: Urruticoechea, Nerea
name: Borges, Karin
name: Aldana, Blanca I.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Unlabeled 12C-βHB competes poorly with [U-13C]C8 and [U-13C]C10 in brain slices. Figure S2. Unlabeled 12C8 and 12C10 only dilutes 13C accumulation in citrate and glutamine from [U-13C]βHB metabolism in brain slices. Table S1. Intracellular amino acid amounts of incubated cerebral cortical slices. Figure S3. Metabolism of βHB is independent of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT1) in brain slices. Figure S4. Inhibition of astrocyte glutamine derived from metabolism of βHB does not affect neuronal GABA synthesis.
Gelatin-Enabled Microsensor for Pancreatic Trypsin Sensing
Creators: name: Banis, George
name: Beardslee, Luke A.
name: Ghodssi, Reza
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2018
Subjects: gelatin
pancreas
impedance sensing
biomaterial films
biosensors
diagnostics

description: Digestive health is critically dependent on the secretion of enzymes from the exocrine pancreas to the duodenum via the pancreatic duct. Specifically, pancreatic trypsin is a major protease responsible for breaking down proteins for absorption in the small intestine. Gelatin-based hydrogels, deposited in the form of thin films, have been studied as potential sensor substrates that hydrolyze in the presence of trypsin. In this work, we (1) investigate gelatin as a sensing material; (2) develop a fabrication strategy for coating sensor surfaces; and (3) implement a miniaturized impedance platform for measuring activity levels of pancreatic trypsin. Using impedance spectroscopy, we evaluate gelatin’s specificity and rate of degradation when exposed to a combination of pancreatic enzymes in neutral solution representative of the macromolecular heterogeneity present in the duodenal environment. Our findings suggest gelatin’s preferential degradation to trypsin compared to enzymes such as lipase and amylase. We further observe their interference with trypsin behavior in equivalent concentrations, reducing film digestion by as much as 83% and 77%, respectively. We achieve film patterns in thicknesses ranging from 300–700 nm, which we coat over interdigitated finger electrode sensors. Finally, we test our sensors over several concentrations to emulate the range of pancreatic secretions. Ultimately, our microsensor will serve as the foundation for developing in situ sensors toward diagnosing pancreatic pathologies.
Analytical Engines With Context-Rich Processing: Towards Efficient Next-Generation Analytics
Creators: name: Sanca, Viktor
name: Ailamaki, Anastasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.0; H.0; H.1; H.2; H.3; H.4; D.2

description: As modern data pipelines continue to collect, produce, and store a variety of data formats, extracting and combining value from traditional and context-rich sources such as strings, text, video, audio, and logs becomes a manual process where such formats are unsuitable for RDBMS. To tap into the dark data, domain experts analyze and extract insights and integrate them into the data repositories. This process can involve out-of-DBMS, ad-hoc analysis, and processing resulting in ETL, engineering effort, and suboptimal performance. While AI systems based on ML models can automate the analysis process, they often further generate context-rich answers. Using multiple sources of truth, for either training the models or in the form of knowledge bases, further exacerbates the problem of consolidating the data of interest. We envision an analytical engine co-optimized with components that enable context-rich analysis. Firstly, as the data from different sources or resulting from model answering cannot be cleaned ahead of time, we propose using online data integration via model-assisted similarity operations. Secondly, we aim for a holistic pipeline cost- and rule-based optimization across relational and model-based operators. Thirdly, with increasingly heterogeneous hardware and equally heterogeneous workloads ranging from traditional relational analytics to generative model inference, we envision a system that just-in-time adapts to the complex analytical query requirements. To solve increasingly complex analytical problems, ML offers attractive solutions that must be combined with traditional analytical processing and benefit from decades of database community research to achieve scalability and performance effortless for the end user.
High Dynamic-Range Radio-Interferometric Images at 327 MHz
Creators: name: Uson, Juan M.
name: Cotton, William D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radio astronomical imaging using aperture synthesis telescopes requires deconvolution of the point spread function as well as calibration of the instrumental characteristics (primary beam) and foreground (ionospheric/atmospheric) effects. These effects vary in time and also across the field of view, resulting in directionally-dependent (DD), time-varying gains. The primary beam will deviate from the theoretical estimate in real cases at levels that will limit the dynamic range of images if left uncorrected. Ionospheric electron density variations cause time and position variable refraction of sources. At low frequencies and sufficiently high dynamic range this will also defocus the images producing error patterns that vary with position and also with frequency due to the chromatic aberration of synthesis telescopes. Superposition of such residual sidelobes can lead to spurious spectral signals. Field-based ionospheric calibration as well as "peeling" calibration of strong sources leads to images with higher dynamic range and lower spurious signals but will be limited by sensitivity on the necessary short-time scales. The results are improved images although some artifacts remain.
description: to appear in Comptes Rendus Physique (2011)
Biomechanical Aspects of Carbon Nanotube as a Reinforcing Scaffold for Bone Tissue
Creators: name: PourAkbar Saffar, Kaveh
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Engineering--Biomedical
subject: Engineering--Mechanical
subject: Bone
subject: Carbon Nanotube
subject: Mechanical Properties
subject: Strain Energy
subject: Remodeling
subject: Crack Growth
subject: Stress Intensity

description: Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced as potential and promising “players” in bone healing and regeneration less than a decade ago. This stimulated extensive researches that mostly focused on the unique and extraordinary characteristics of CNTs to suggest interesting applications in bone tissue engineering. Beside their biochemical properties, which probably were the first reason to consider CNTs for these applications, their exceptional mechanical properties also suggested the idea of creating a reinforced composite material stronger and stiffer than natural bone, while remaining very similar in structure and chemical composition. This was where the biomechanical considerations portrayed themselves to justify the need for further investigations, in order to verify the applicability of CNTs as scaffolds that may ease bone regeneration and simultaneously raise its mechanical strength and durability. This research attempts to look at some of the mechanical changes likely to take place in the promised artificial tissue, while considering the relationships between mechanical and living functions of bone. Although there is still a definite lack of published experiments that can accurately describe these changes, the modeling approaches taken in this work may be able to at least qualitatively predict the overall mechanical changes linked to the bone living functions (particularly the remodeling process). Changes in the material’s stiffness, strength, strain energy (SE) distribution and fracture behavior under certain loading conditions were reviewed using different models. The results showed elevated stiffness and strength values due to the reinforcement mechanism. It was found that SE patterns in the tissue changed significantly due to the fact that the stiff reinforcing phase stores most of the energy and prevents optimal distribution of the SE within the rest of the tissue. Also, decreased stress intensity at the crack tips as well as pause or deviation of microcrack propagation in the presence of CNTs were indicated. The conclusion was drawn that, notwithstanding the significant improvements induced to the mechanical behavior of the artificial tissue, applications of such stiff inclusions as CNTs in reinforcing the material of bone may detrimentally change the thresholds of mechanical stimuli that are essential for the initiation and resumption of the bone remodeling process.
Shape-Changing Tubular Hydrogels
Creators: name: Raghavan, Srinivasa R.
name: Fernandes, Neville J.
name: Cipriano, Bani H.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2018
Subjects: hybrid hydrogels
stimuli-responsive polymers
smart materials

description: We describe the creation of hollow tubular hydrogels in which different zones along the length of the tube are composed of different gels. Our method to create these gels is adapted from a technique developed previously in our lab for creating solid hybrid hydrogels. The zones of our tubular gel are covalently bonded at the interfaces; as a result, these interfaces are highly robust. Consequently, the tube can be picked up, manipulated and stretched without suffering any damage. The hollow nature of these gels allows them to respond 2–30-fold faster to external stimuli compared to a solid gel of identical composition. We study the case where one zone of the hybrid tube is responsive to pH (due to the incorporation of an ionic monomer) while the other zones are not. Initially, the entire tube has the same diameter, but when pH is changed, the diameter of the pH-responsive zone alone increases (i.e., this zone bulges outward) while the other zones maintain their original diameter. The net result is a drastic change in the shape of the gel, and this can be reversed by reverting the pH to its original value. Similar localized changes in gel shape are shown for two other stimuli: temperature and solvent composition. Our study points the way for researchers to design three-dimensional soft objects that can reversibly change their shape in response to stimuli.
Dynamics of the pseudo-FIMP in presence of a thermal Dark Matter
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Subhaditya
name: Lahiri, Jayita
name: Pradhan, Dipankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that in a two component dark matter (DM) set up, when DM$_1$ is equilibrated with the thermal bath, the other DM$_2$, in spite of having feeble or negligible interaction with the SM particles, can be brought to equilibrium just by having sizeable interaction with DM$_1$. We propose that such DM candidates (DM$_2$) should be classified into a category called pseudo-FIMP (pFIMP) having unique freeze-out characteristics which depend on the thermal DM partner. The draft elaborates upon the pFIMP properties from a generic coupled Boltzmann Equations (cBEQ) in a model independent way, followed by a concrete model illustration.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures; version published in Phys.Rev.D (Letter)
Additional file 1 of Sevoflurane blocks glioma malignant development by upregulating circRELN through circRELN-mediated miR-1290/RORA axis
Creators: name: Kang, Xiaofang
name: Li, Hongxia
name: Zhang, Zaiwang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1.
Analogue gravity and the Hawking effect: historical perspective and literature review
Creators: name: Almeida, Carla R
name: Jacquet, Maxime J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reasoning by analogies permeates theoretical developments in physics and astrophysics, motivated by the unreachable nature of many phenomena at play. For example, analogies have been used to understand black hole physics, leading to the development of a thermodynamic theory for these objects and the discovery of the Hawking effect. The latter, which results from quantum field theory on black hole space-times, changed the way physicists approached this subject: what had started as a mere aid to understanding becomes a possible source of evidence via the research programme of `analogue gravity' that builds on analogue models for field effects. Some of these analogue models may and can be realised in the laboratory, allowing experimental tests of field effects. Here, we present a historical perspective on the connection between the Hawking effect and analogue models. We also present a literature review of current research, bringing history and contemporary physics together. We argue that the history of analogue gravity and the Hawking effect is divided into three distinct phases based on how and why analogue models have been used to investigate fields in the vicinity of black holes. Furthermore, we find that modern research signals a transition to a new phase, where the impetus for the use of analogue models has surpassed the problem they were originally designed to solve.
description: Version accepted for publication in special issue of EPJH on modern developments in quantum theory