Prionus (Homaesthesis) arenarius Hovore 1981
Creators: name: Santos-Silva, Antonio
name: Nearns, Eugenio H.
name: Swift, Ian P.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Prionus
Prionus arenarius

description: Prionus (Homaesthesis) arenarius Hovore, 1981
(Figs. 17–19, 52–53)
Prionus (Homaesthesis) arenarius Hovore, 1981: 453; Hovore & Turnbow, 1984: 4; Chemsak et al., 1992: 21 (checklist); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 15 (checklist); Monné, 1995: 56 (cat.); Chemsak, 1996: 117; Monné & Hovore, 2005: 19 (checklist); 2006: 19 (checklist); Özdikmen & Turgut, 2009: 410; Bezark & Monné, 2013: 26 (checklist).
Male (Figs. 52–53). Integument from reddish-brown to brown (occasionally, pale-brown); parts of mandibles, genal apex, parts of scape and pedicel, pronotal margins, inferior margins and distal extremity of femora, margins of tibiae, from dark-brown to black (in pale-brown specimens, usually only the mandible is partially black with other areas reddish-brown).
Head, excluding mandibles, from 1.0 to 1.1 times as long at central area as prothorax, moderately elongate behind eyes (distance from posterior ocular edge to the prothorax from slightly shorter to slightly longer than greatest length of upper eye lobe). Longitudinal dorsal furrow distinct from clypeus to near prothoracic edge (occasionally reaching anterior margin of prothorax), between middle of eyes (often almost posterior ocular edge) and clypeus placed inside a moderately, wide sulcus (broader and deeper toward clypeus) (sometimes slightly or not distinct). Area on each side of longitudinal sulcus, between clypeus and level of posterior ocular edge, coarsely, deeply, confluently punctate; area around longitudinal furrow, between posterior ocular edge and prothorax, with sub-rhombus (sometimes irregular), impunctate region; dorsal area close to the prothorax coarsely, confluently punctate, but distinctly finer than area between eyes and antennal tubercles; area close to ocular carinae slightly depressed, coarsely, confluently, deeply punctate; dorsal surface with short, sparse setae between clypeus and posterior ocular edge, distinctly more abundant near prothorax; area behind eyes coarsely, confluently punctate (occasionally vermiculate near apex of lower eye lobe), with long, moderately sparse setae, more abundant on some regions. Antennal tubercles coarsely, abundantly punctate on basal one-half, gradually sparser and finer toward base of distal one-fourth, that usually is smooth. Postclypeus centrally narrowed at inner margin (sometimes this area is flat or depressed); uniformly oblique toward anteclypeus, or with distal one-third distinctly inclined downward; coarsely, abundantly punctate, more abundant laterally, with long, moderately abundant setae; from almost impunctate to coarsely, abundantly punctate centrally, with long, sparse setae (occasionally almost glabrous). Anteclypeus with anterior edge concave; shining, glabrous and impunctate (often with long, sparse setae on latero-basal region). Labrum centrally depressed; with long, dense setae, mainly laterally and near anterior edge. Eyes proportionally large; distance between upper eye lobes and between lower eye lobes from 0.8 to 0.9 times length of scape. Submentum trapezoid, centrally depressed; coarsely, confluently, shallowly punctate; with moderately long, sparse setae (usually more abundant laterally); anterior edge distinctly carinate. Apex of labial palpi attaining about middle of maxillary palpomere IV. Mandibles about as long as 0.9 times length of head; latero-basal one-third depressed; outer distal one-third not strongly curved forming an obtuse angle with basal twothirds. Antennae with 12 segments; attaining about base of distal one-third of elytra (occasionally reaching almost distal one-fourth). Scape, at most, attaining posterior ocular edge, enlarged toward apex; dorsally moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate on basal two-thirds, finer and sparser on distal one-third; on latero-outer face coarsely, confluently punctate; on latero-inner face finely, very sparsely punctate. Antennomere III (including distal projection) from 1.9 to 2.4 times longer than scape, distinctly enlarged toward apex (distal width at apex of projection from 2.0 to 2.8 times basal width); on dorsal view, imbrication very distinct and projected (Fig. 17); on ventral view, apex of imbrication distinctly emarginated (Figs. 18, 19), mainly on inner side; moderately coarsely, sparsely punctate dorsally. Antennomere IV about as long as 0.8 times III; microsculptured on basal half dorsally, and with fine, sparse punctures on distal half; imbrication as in III. Antennomeres V–XI dorsally microsculptured; imbrication as in III. Antennomere XII elongate; on dorsal view with two lobes: the first about middle of outer face (usually the largest); the second about distal one-third (sometimes at the same level of the first one) of inner side that could be absent or almost so, or as large as the first one.
Maximum prothoracic width from 0.7 to 0.9 times width of elytral base; anterolateral angle slightly projected forward, from slightly rounded to truncate toward first lateral tooth; first lateral tooth small or moderately large, acute (sometimes only projected and obtuse), placed close to anterolateral angle; second lateral tooth large, distinctly acute, usually placed just before middle; margin between second tooth and posterolateral angle from subparallel to slightly convergent (often sinuous at middle); posterolateral tooth projected, acute; basal margin sinuous; distal margin almost straight. Pronotum centrally from flat to slightly convex, not strongly explanate laterally; callosities usually distinct; disc coarsely, moderately abundantly punctate; more abundantly laterally, confluently punctate; lateral areas with short, sparse setae. Prosternum finely asperate; with long, abundant setae. Prosternal process not longitudinally sulcate; with long, abundant setae. Elytra finely, moderately sparsely punctate; each elytron with two carinae, fused at distal one-fourth; sutural spine short. Metasternum microsculptured, less so around metasternal suture; with long, abundant setae throughout. Metepisterna with sculpture and setae as metasternum.
Ventrites I–IV microsculptured, finely, sparsely punctate (usually, coarser, more abundant on central area near apex); ventrites I–IV sparsely (sometimes moderately abundant) setose (setae gradually shorter and sparser from I to IV); ventrite V moderately finely, abundantly punctate throughout, with moderately long, abundant setae laterally, shorter and sparser toward middle. Tarsomeres I–III wide, distinctly flattened; tarsomeres I–II acute at apex (I often with short spine); pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III with spongy setal pads on ventral surface (on I only on distal one-third; on II only on distal two-thirds); spongy setal pads of metatarsi present only laterally on distal one-third of III; metatarsomere I about as long as 0.7 times II–III together; tarsomeres I–III with long, abundant setae laterally (mainly at metatarsi).
Female. Not examined.
Dimensions in mm (male). Total length (including mandibles), 18.1–34.5; prothoracic length at center, 2.3– 4.9; greatest prothoracic width, 4.5–10.0; humeral width, 6.3–12.7; elytral length, 12.6–22.5.
Geographical distribution. USA [Texas (Hovore, 1981), New Mexico (Hovore, 1981)].
Types, type locality. Holotype male described from USA (Texas, Ward County, Monahans Sandhills State Park), deposited at CAS; 140 paratypes, males and females, from USA (Texas), deposited at CAS, ESSIG, TNM, MZSP, and in the following private Collections: N. Rulien, R. Duff, F. T. Hovore (currently at CAS), R. L. Penrose, D. C. Carlson, D. G. Marqua, W. H. Tyson, A. E. Lewis, J. Cope, R. L. Surdick, J. M. Cicero, and J. Micheli. Paratype figured at Bezark (2016).
Hovore (1981) recorded on the type locality: “…from Texas, Webb County, Monahans Sandhills State Park, …” Hovore & Turnbow (1984) corrected the mistake: “ Hovore (1981) incorrectly cited Monahans Sandhills State Park as located in “Webb County;” it is in Ward County, Texas.”
Material examined. USA, Texas: Monahans Sandhills State Park, 14 males, V.26.1997, J. E. Wappes col. (ESSIG); 2 males, VI.2.1997, J. E. Wappes col. (MZSP); 4 males, VI.2.1997, J. E. Wappes col. (ESSIG); (Ward County), 7 paratypes male, V.29.1977, N. Rulien col. (ESSIG); paratype male, V.29.1977, N. Rulien col. (MZSP); 2 males, V.30.2003, B. D. Streit col. (ESSIG). New Mexico: Mescalero Sands (Chaves County), 3 males [no date or collector indicated], (ENPC); 2 males, same except: VI.9.1998, J. E. Wappes col. (ESSIG); 1 male, VII.13.1999, J. E. Wappes col. (ESSIG); (Eddy County), 1 male, V.31.2003, B. D. Streit col. (ESSIG).
Remarks. Prionus (H.) arenarius is easily recognized by the broad, flattened posterior tarsi with conspicuous setal fringes.
description: Published as part of Santos-Silva, Antonio, Nearns, Eugenio H. & Swift, Ian P., 2016, Revision of the American species of the genus Prionus Geoffroy, 1762 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Prioninae, Prionini), pp. 1-103 in Zootaxa 4134 (1) on pages 13-17, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4134.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/399754