cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evidence for Resonance Line Scattering in the Suzaku X-ray Spectrum of the Cygnus Loop
Creators: name: Miyata, Emi
name: Masai, Kuniaki
name: Hughes, John P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analysis of the Suzaku observation of the northeastern rim of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant. The high detection efficiency together with the high spectral resolution of the Suzaku X-ray CCD camera enables us to detect highly-ionized C and N emission lines from the Cygnus Loop. Given the significant plasma structure within the Suzaku field of view, we selected the softest region based on ROSAT observations. The Suzaku spectral data are well characterized by a two-component non-equilibrium ionization model with different best-fit values for both the electron temperature and ionization timescale. Abundances of C to Fe are all depleted to typically 0.23 times solar with the exception of O. The abundance of O is relatively depleted by an additional factor of two compared with other heavy elements. We found that the resonance-line-scattering optical depth for the intense resonance lines of O is significant and, whereas the optical depth for other resonance lines is not as significant, it still needs to be taken into account for accurate abundance determination.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures. accepted for Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
MINNESOTA SHIPPERS AND STATE TRUCK SIZE/WEIGHT REGULATIONS: A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE MINNESOTA DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Creators: name: Mussell, Al
name: Fruin, Jerry E.
name: Mussell, Al
name: Fruin, Jerry E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Public Economics

description: Motor carriers face a number of regulations in carrying on their business. Trucks are typically regulated as to their length, width, height, load (in terms of gross vehicle weight), and axle weight. The purpose of these regulations is to promote public safety and protect the quality of road surfaces. Highway regulations affecting motor carriers are primarily a state-level responsibility in the United States. Minnesota has its own set of truck size and weight regulations as do neighboring states and Canadian provinces. Because states set their own regulations on truck size and weight, the commercial trucking industry measures the appropriateness of Minnesota regulations to a large extent based on their congruence with those in adjacent states. The object of this study is to determine the extent to which major shippers, the clients of commercial motor carriers, feel constrained by truck size and weight regulations in Minnesota and whether their needs are being met.
SWINE PRODUCTION NETWORKS IN MINNESOTA: RESOURCES FOR DECISION MAKING
Creators: name: Koehler, Bob
name: Lazarus, William F.
name: Buhr, Brian L.
name: Koehler, Bob
name: Lazarus, William F.
name: Buhr, Brian L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Swine production networks are becoming a significant part of the Minnesota swine industry, with at least 30 production networks in operation as of late 1995. There are probably at least 450 producers involved, representing at least nine percent of the state s sow inventory. Not counted in these numbers are a few other networks involved only in data-sharing or marketing as well as a large number of farmer-to-farmer custom/contract arrangements. We interviewed 20 producers involved in networks. None of the networks we surveyed had been in operation very long, with most in business no more than a year or two. It is too early to predict what their long-term success will be. Most of the respondents seemed pleased with the arrangements so far. An example financial analysis of a 1,400 sow network is presented in the paper. Pig pricing formulas and custom rates are discussed for sharing risks among the farrower, nursery and finisher members of the network. The staff paper is 34 pages plus a 26 page annotated reading list of other publications on networking and segregated early weaning.
Smooth dynamical (de)-phantomization of a scalar field in simple cosmological models
Creators: name: Andrianov, Alexander A.
name: Cannata, Francesco
name: Kamenshchik, Alexander Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple scalar field cosmological models are considered describing gravity assisted crossing of the phantom divide line. This crossing or (de)-phantomization characterized by the change of the sign of the kinetic term of the scalar field is smooth and driven dynamically by the Einstein equations. Different cosmological scenarios, including the phantom phase of matter are sketched.
description: Some misprints are corrected and references are added
The White Mountain Recreational Enterprise: Bio-Political Foundations for White Mountain Apache Natural Resource Control, 1945–1960
Creators: name: Tomblin, David C.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2016
Subjects: American Indian
White Mountain Apache
natural resource management
ecotourism
globalization

description: Among American Indian nations, the White Mountain Apache Tribe has been at the forefront of a struggle to control natural resource management within reservation boundaries. In 1952, they developed the first comprehensive tribal natural resource management program, the White Mountain Recreational Enterprise (WMRE), which became a cornerstone for fighting legal battles over the tribe’s right to manage cultural and natural resources on the reservation for the benefit of the tribal community rather than outside interests. This article examines how White Mountain Apaches used the WMRE, while embracing both Euro-American and Apache traditions, as an institutional foundation for resistance and exchange with Euro-American society so as to reassert control over tribal eco-cultural resources in east-central Arizona.
SCHOOL INPUTS AND EDUCATIONAL OUTCOMES IN NORTH CAROLINA: COMPARISON OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC ANALYSES
Creators: name: Walden, Michael L.
name: Sisak, Mark R.
name: Walden, Michael L.
name: Sisak, Mark R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: public education
subject: student achievement

description: The relationship between student achievement and school inputs has long been a subject of academic research. The general conclusion of past research is that school inputs, such as the number of teachers relative to pupils, has little impact on student academic outcomes. This paper provides a fresh look at this issue. Seventeen alternative measures of student performance in North Carolina school districts are related to a wide array of school policy inputs and socioeconomic characteristics of students and their families. Both static and dynamic analyses are performed. The key findings are (1) the school policy inputs significantly related to student achievement vary by the measure of student achievement used, (2) the joint contribution of school policy inputs to student achievement is relatively small, and (3) the results differ between the static and dynamic analyses; in particular, changes in the number of teachers relative to the number of pupils in the district have a much stronger association with student achievement in the dynamic analysis.
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THOROUGHBRED BREEDER/OWNER INCENTIVE POLICIES
Creators: name: Neibergs, J. Shannon
name: Thalheimer, Richard
name: Neibergs, J. Shannon
name: Thalheimer, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: incentive programs
subject: parimutual horse racing
subject: subsidy
subject: tax
subject: Thoroughbred

description: Thoroughbred incentive programs are subsidy policies funded from state parimutuel tax revenue designed to promote regional race horse breeding and ownership. At issue is an ongoing debate concerning the effectiveness of alternative policies. Empirical results indicate that incentive programs have a positive economic effect, but gains to Thoroughbred breeders can be obtained by reallocating tax revenue to non-restricted purses. A policy allocating tax revenue ton non-restricted purses shifts yearling demand and increases prices, while breeder subsidies shift only the supply function and therefore lower prices. Consequently, breeder revenues increase in response to a policy that favors non-restricted purses over subsidies.
Nutrient Retention in Restored Streams and Rivers: A Global Review and Synthesis
Creators: name: Newcomer Johnson, Tamara A.
name: Kaushal, Sujay S.
name: Mayer, Paul M.
name: Smith, Rose M.
name: Sivirichi, Gwen M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2016
Subjects: stream restoration
floodplain
green infrastructure
nutrient spiraling
nutrient retention
nitrogen
phosphorus
denitrification
buried stream
sustainability
urban evolution

description: Excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from human activities have contributed to degradation of coastal waters globally. A growing body of work suggests that hydrologically restoring streams and rivers in agricultural and urban watersheds has potential to increase N and P retention, but rates and mechanisms have not yet been analyzed and compared across studies. We conducted a review of nutrient retention within hydrologically reconnected streams and rivers, including 79 studies. We developed a typology characterizing different forms of stream and river restoration, and we also analyzed nutrient retention across this typology. The studies we reviewed used a variety of methods to analyze nutrient cycling. We performed a further intensive meta-analysis on nutrient spiraling studies because this method was the most consistent and comparable between studies. A meta-analysis of 240 experimental additions of ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was synthesized from 15 nutrient spiraling studies. Our results showed statistically significant relationships between nutrient uptake in restored streams and specific watershed attributes. Nitrate uptake metrics were significantly related to watershed surface area, impervious surface cover, and average reach width (p < 0.05). Ammonium uptake metrics were significantly related to discharge, velocity, and transient storage (p < 0.05). SRP uptake metrics were significantly related to watershed area, discharge, SRP concentrations, and chl a concentrations (p < 0.05). Given that most studies were conducted during baseflow, more research is necessary to characterize nutrient uptake during high flow. Furthermore, long-term studies are needed to understand changes in nutrient dynamics as projects evolve over time. Overall analysis suggests the size of the stream restoration (surface area), hydrologic connectivity, and hydrologic residence time are key drivers influencing nutrient retention at broader watershed scales and along the urban watershed continuum.
Hawking temperature and phonon emission in acoustic holes
Creators: name: Mannarelli, Massimo
name: Grasso, Dario
name: Trabucco, Silvia
name: Chiofalo, Maria Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Acoustic holes are the hydrodynamic analogue of standard black holes. Featuring an acoustic horizon, these systems spontaneously emit phonons at the Hawking temperature. We derive the Hawking temperature of the acoustic horizon by fully exploiting the analogy between black and acoustic holes within a covariant kinetic theory approach. After deriving the phonon distribution function from the covariant kinetic equations, we reproduce the expression of the Hawking temperature by equating the entropy and energy losses of the acoustic hole and the entropy and energy gains of the spontaneously emitted phonons. Differently from previous calculations we do not need a microscopical treatment of normal modes propagation. Our approach opens a different perspective on the meaning of Hawking temperature and its connection with entropy which may allow an easier study of non stationary horizons beyond thermodynamic equilibrium.
description: 8 pages, 2 figure. Improved discussion, added two appendices. Accepted for publication on Physical Review D
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO EARNINGS SUCCESS OF CASH GRAIN FARMS
Creators: name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
name: Johnson, James D.
name: Mishra, Ashok K.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
name: Johnson, James D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: cash grains
subject: diversification
subject: earnings success
subject: logit regression

description: The objective of this study was to identify factors which contribute to the earnings' success of cash grain farms in the United States. The study analyzes three measures of success including net farm income per dollar of asset, operators' returns to labor and management, and operators' management income. Logit regression analysis shows that controlling variable costs, ownership, management ability, technology adoption, and diversification are important factors that influence success.
Critical Exponents of the 3-dimensional Blume-Capel model on a cellular automaton
Creators: name: Özkan, A.
name: Seferoğlu, N.
name: Kutlu, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The static critical exponents of the three dimensional Blume-Capel model which has a tricritical point at}$D/J=2.82${\small value are estimated for the standard and the cooling algorithms which improved from Creutz Cellular Automaton. The analysis of the data using the finite-size scaling and power law relations reproduce their well-established values in the}$D/J<3${\small and }$D/J<2.8${\small parameter region at standard and cooling algorithm, respectively. For the cooling algorithm at}$D/J=2.8$% {\small value of single-ion anisotropy parameter, the static critical exponents are estimated as}$β=0.31${\small ,}$γ=γ^{\prime}=1.6${\small ,}$α=α^{\prime}=0.32${\small and}$ν=0.87$% {\small . These values are different from}$β=0.31${\small ,}$γ=γ^{\prime}=1.25${\small ,}$α=α^{\prime}=0.12${\small and}$ν=0.64${\small universal values. This case indicated that the BC model exhibit an ununiversal critical behavior at the}$D/J=2.8${\small parameter value near the tricrital point(}$D/J=2.82${\small). The simulations carried out on a simple cubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions.
Spectral Dependent Degradation of the Solar Diffuser on Suomi-NPP VIIRS Due to Surface Roughness-Induced Rayleigh Scattering
Creators: name: Shao, Xi
name: Cao, Changyong
name: Liu, Tung-Chang
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2016
Subjects: solar diffuser
spectral dependent degradation
surface roughness
VIIRS
Rayleigh scattering

description: The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard Suomi National Polar Orbiting Partnership (SNPP) uses a solar diffuser (SD) as its radiometric calibrator for the reflective solar band calibration. The SD is made of Spectralon™ (one type of fluoropolymer) and was chosen because of its controlled reflectance in the Visible/Near-Infrared/Shortwave-Infrared region and its near-Lambertian reflectance property. On-orbit changes in VIIRS SD reflectance as monitored by the Solar Diffuser Stability Monitor showed faster degradation of SD reflectance for 0.4 to 0.6 µm channels than the longer wavelength channels. Analysis of VIIRS SD reflectance data show that the spectral dependent degradation of SD reflectance in short wavelength can be explained with a SD Surface Roughness (length scale << wavelength) based Rayleigh Scattering (SRRS) model due to exposure to solar UV radiation and energetic particles. The characteristic length parameter of the SD surface roughness is derived from the long term reflectance data of the VIIRS SD and it changes at approximately the tens of nanometers level over the operational period of VIIRS. This estimated roughness length scale is consistent with the experimental result from radiation exposure of a fluoropolymer sample and validates the applicability of the Rayleigh scattering-based model. The model is also applicable to explaining the spectral dependent degradation of the SDs on other satellites. This novel approach allows us to better understand the physical processes of the SD degradation, and is complementary to previous mathematics based models.
Feedforward neural network design with application to image subsampling
Creators: name: Dumitras, Adriana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Feedforward artificial neural networks (FANNs), which have been successfully applied to various image processing tasks, are particularly suitable for image subsampling due to their high processing speed. However, the performance of FANNs in image subsampling, which depends on both the FANN topology and the FANN training algorithm, has not been acceptable so far. High performance image subsampling is important in many systems, such as subband decomposition systems, and scalable image and video processing systems. This thesis addresses the design of FANNs with application to image subsampling. More specifically, we focus on both the topological design of FANNs and the training algorithm, so that efficient FANN structures, yielding good performance in image subsampling, are obtained. That is, we aim at obtaining compact FANNs that yield good subsampled versions of the original images, such that if reconstructed, they are as close as possible to the original images. Moreover, we aim at obtaining better performance-speed tradeoffs than those of the traditional lowpass filtering and subsampling methods. First, we propose a design method for FANNs, which leads to compact tridiagonally symmetrical feedforward neural networks (TS—FANNs). Next, in order to address the problem of artifacts that generally appear in the reconstructed images after FANN-based subsampling, we propose a training method for FANNs. When applied to first-order (FOS) and multi-stage first-order (MFOS) image subsampling, the FANNs trained using our method outperform the traditional lowpass filtering and subsampling (LPFS) method, without requiring pre- or post-processing stages. Motivated by our observation that the computational demands of the MFOS process increase approximately linearly with the image size, we then combine the proposed methods and evaluate the performance-complexity tradeoffs of the resulting TS-FANNs in FOS and MFOS. We show that our TS-FANNs-based subsampling has important advantages over subsampling methods based on fully connected FANNs (FC—FANNs) and LPFS, such as significantly reduced computational demands, and the same, or better, quality of the resulting images. The main contributions of this thesis consist of a method for FANN design with tridiagonal symmetry constraints, a training algorithm for FANNs applied to image subsampling, the design and evaluation of the performance-speed tradeoffs of FC—FANNs in image subsampling, and the design and evaluation of the performancespeed tradeoffs of TS—FANNs in image subsampling. The FANN performance in image subsampling is evaluated objectively (using the peak signal-to-noise ratios), subjectively (by visual examination of the subsampled and of the reconstructed images), and in the context of a video coding application. The speed and memory demands of the designed FANN structures are evaluated in terms of the subsampling time and the number of FANN parameters, respectively.
Endangered Species and Natural Resource Exploitation: Extinction vs. Coexistence
Creators: name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
name: Tsur, Yacov
name: Zemel, Amos
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The threat on the survival of animal species due to intensive use of natural resources is incorporated within resource management models, paying special attention to uncertainty regarding the conditions that lead to extinction. The manner in which the potential benefits forgone due to the species extinction (denoted extinction penalty) induce more conservative exploitation policies is studied in detail. When the extinction penalty is ignored, the optimal policy is to drive the resource stock to a particular equilibrium level from any initial state. When the extinction penalty is considered and the conditions that lead to extinction are not fully understood (i.e., involve uncertainty), an interval of equilibrium states is identified, which depends on the penalty and the immediate extinction risk.
Fluctuation theorems from Bayesian retrodiction
Creators: name: Buscemi, Francesco
name: Scarani, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantitative studies of irreversibility in statistical mechanics often involve the consideration of a reverse process, whose definition has been the object of many discussions, in particular for quantum mechanical systems. Here we show that the reverse channel very naturally arises from Bayesian retrodiction, both in classical and quantum theories. Previous paradigmatic results, such as Jarzynski's equality, Crooks' fluctuation theorem, and Tasaki's two-measurement fluctuation theorem for closed driven quantum systems, are all shown to be consistent with retrodictive arguments. Also, various corrections that were introduced to deal with nonequilibrium steady states or open quantum systems are justified on general grounds as remnants of Bayesian retrodiction. More generally, with the reverse process constructed on consistent logical inference, fluctuation relations acquire a much broader form and scope.
description: v4: greatly expanded and with new examples, accepted for publication on PRE; v3: various improvements in the presentation and examples added (fluctuation relations for f-divergences); v2: discussion expanded, refs added, now a little more than 5 two-column pages; v1:5 two-column pages
Hybrid Arrangements as a Form of Ecological Modernization: The Case of the US Energy Efficiency Conservation Block Grants
Creators: name: Galli, Anya M.
name: Fisher, Dana R.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2016
Subjects: ecological modernization
environmental state
collaborative governance
hybrid arrangements

description: How are environmental policy goals implemented and sustained in the context of political stagnation surrounding national climate policies in the United States? In this paper, we discuss Ecological Modernization Theory as a tool for understanding the complexity of climate governance at the sub-national level. In particular, we explore the emergence of hybrid governance arrangements during the local implementation of federal energy efficiency programs in US cities. We analyze the formation and advancement of programs associated with one effort to establish a sub-national low carbon energy policy: the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant (EECBG) program administered by the US Department of Energy. Our findings highlight the diverse range of partnerships between state, private, and civil society actors that emerged through this program and point to some of the challenges associated with collaborative climate governance initiatives at the city level. Although some programs reflected ecologically modern outcomes, other cities were constrained in their ability to move beyond the status quo due to the demands of state bureaucracies and the challenges associated with inconsistent funding. We find that these programs cultivated hybrid arrangements in an effort to sustain the projects following the termination of federal grant funding. Overall, hybrid governance plays an important role in the implementation and long-term sustainability of climate-related policies.
The Measurement Problem from the Perspective of an Information-Theoretic Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Bub, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: quantum information
measurement problem
information-theoretic interpretation

description: The aim of this paper is to consider the consequences of an information-theoretic interpretation of quantum mechanics for the measurement problem. The motivating idea of the interpretation is that the relation between quantum mechanics and the structure of information is analogous to the relation between special relativity and the structure of space-time. Insofar as quantum mechanics deals with a class of probabilistic correlations that includes correlations structurally different from classical correlations, the theory is about the structure of information: the possibilities for representing, manipulating, and communicating information in a genuinely indeterministic quantum world in which measurement outcomes are intrinsically random are different than we thought. Part of the measurement problem is deflated as a pseudo-problem on this view, and the theory has the resources to deal with the remaining part, given certain idealizations in the treatment of macrosystems.
An Open Economy Model of Political Influence and Competition Among Rent Seeking Groups
Creators: name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Yeldan, A. Erinc
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Yeldan, A. Erinc
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Political Economy

description: The paper develops a formal model of government's economic decisions as influenced by private agents within the context of neoclassical political economy. The government is assumed to form preferences over interest groups in the economy; in turn these preferences are influenced by the rent seeking behavior of these groups. An open, two-household, two-sector general equilibrium model is constructed to depict an environment in which preference-maximizing (rational) individuals allocate otherwise productive labor to directly unproductive rent seeking activities in order to exert political pressure on the government's choice of policy instruments. With the aid of five comparative-static experiments, the game-theoretic component and the second-best nature of the rent seeking environment is discussed. Insights are also provided on the influence of technological change, and changes in lobbying efficiency on resources allocated to rent seeking by interest groups. Key words: Rent Seeking, Political Economy, General Equilibrium.
The Impact of Chernobyl on Health and Labour Market Performance in the Ukraine
Creators: name: Lehmann, Hartmut
name: Wadsworth, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: Using longitudinal data from the Ukraine we examine the extent of any long-lasting effects of radiation exposure from the Chernobyl disaster on the health and labour market performance of the adult workforce. The variation in the local area level of radiation fallout from the Chernobyl accident is considered as a potential  nstrument to try to establish the causal impact of poor health on labour force participation, hours worked and wages. There appears to be a significant positive
association between local area-level radiation dosage and health perception based on selfreported poor health status, though much weaker associations between local area-level dosage and other specific health conditions or labour market performance. Any effects on negative health perceptions appear to be stronger among women and older individuals.
Pre-trade transparency on the Italian Stock Exchange: a trade size model on panel data
Creators: name: Lucarelli, Caterina
name: Bontempi, Maria Elena
name: Mazzoli, Camilla
name: Quaranta, Anna Grazia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects that have been caused by changes in pre-trade transparency upon the behavior of stock traders. We used a trade size model and tested it before, during and after the period when the Italian Stock Exchange introduced a 20-level order book with disaggregated orders. Tick by tick data of the whole set of stocks (up to 277) listed on the Italian Stock Exchange were studied through fixed-effects panel models, within intra day (every 30 minutes and 150
minutes) and daily time frames. Our results indicate that order flows, bidask spreads, levels of risk and some information events differentially affect trade sizes when investors receive better information prior to negotiation.
Both (intra day) informed and uninformed traders perating in a more transparent market became more reticent, with reduced trades sizes and higher orders’ cancellations. Moreover, it appears that the higher degree of order book disclosure permits traders to downsize their level of risk aversion; i.e. it reduces the ’uncertainty’ that would otherwise result in disrupted trading activity under conditions of information opacity.
Self-adjointness in Quantum Mechanics: a pedagogical path
Creators: name: Cintio, Andrea
name: Michelangeli, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observables in quantum mechanics are represented by self-adjoint operators on Hilbert space. Such ubiquitous, well-known, and very foundational fact, however, is traditionally subtle to be explained in typical first classes in quantum mechanics, as well as to senior physicists who have grown up with the lesson that self-adjointness is "just technical". The usual difficulties are to clarify the connection between the demand for certain physical features in the theory and the corresponding mathematical requirement of self-adjointness, and to distinguish between self-adjoint and hermitian operator not just at the level of the mathematical definition but most importantly from the perspective that mere hermiticity, without self-adjointness, does not ensure the desired physical requirements and leaves the theory inconsistent. In this work we organise an amount of standard facts on the physical role of self-adjointness into a coherent pedagogical path aimed at making quantum observables emerge as necessarily self-adjoint, and not merely hermitian operators. Next to the central core of our line of reasoning -- the necessity of a non-trivial declaration of a domain to associate with the formal action of an observable, and the emergence of self-adjointness as a consequence of fundamental physical requirements -- we include some complementary materials consisting of a few instructive mathematical proofs and a short retrospective, ranging from the past decades to the current research agenda, on the self-adjointness problem for quantum Hamiltonians of relevance in applications.
description: 39 pages
The Determinants of Rice Variety Choice in Indonesia
Creators: name: Pitt, Mark M.
name: Sumodiningrat, Gunawan
name: Pitt, Mark M.
name: Sumodiningrat, Gunawan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: This paper investigates the determinants of rice seed variety choice in Indonesia with respect to a meta-profit function. Varietal choice is modeled as depending on the profitability of high yielding varieties of seed relative to traditional varieties of seed, the schooling of cultivators and factors associated with yield uncertainty and risk aversion. Careful attention is paid to the stochastic structure of the estimated simultaneous equations switching regimes model. The maximum likehood method applied to Indonesian farm-level data is complicated by endogenous regressors and heteroskedastic errors. Adoption of high yielding varieties was found to be positively associated with its relative profitability, the likelihood of flooding, quality of irrigation conditional on its effect on relative profit, and the availability of credit, and negatively associated with land owned and the likelihood of drought. Schooling was not found to be a significant determinant of variety choice. Sources of interregional differences in cultivator behaviors in Indonesia were calculated as an application of the estimated model. Interregional differences in employment in rice cultivation but not HYV adoption were largely due to differences in wages.
Instruments @ DataCite - 2024
Creators: name: Habermann, Ted
name: Robinson, Erin
Publisher: name: DataCite
Year: 2024
Subjects: Persistent Identifiers
Metadata
Instruments
Life Sciences
Astronomy
Metadata Game Changers

description: DataCite, in partnership with Metadata Game Changers, is excited to announce two community dialogue sessions designed to engage the broader Life Sciences and Astronomy communities in co-developing metadata enhancements supporting the development and use of persistent identifiers (PIDs) for instruments and projects. We would like to invite both metadata creators and users to join us and take an active role in advancing infrastructure solutions to identify, describe, discover, and track the impact of instruments and projects across domain communities.

The Persistent Identifiers for Instruments Community Dialogue will build on the work of the Persistent Identification of Instruments (PIDInst) group and the FAIR Facilities and Instruments Research Coordination Network.

Topics will include:

Ownership & provenance

Series & versioning

Replicability & reuse

Discoverability

Impact measurement

These dialogues represent the first phase of a larger project recently launched by DataCite. Generously funded by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation, this project aims to address present challenges in data accessibility, transparency, and reproducibility across the Life Science and Astronomy communities by fostering collaboration and developing transformative solutions. Insights, feedback, and proposed metadata enhancements gathered during these dialogues will directly inform subsequent prototype developments designed by DataCite.

Speaker: Ted Habermann (Metadata Game Changers)

A recording of the presentation can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fjR5VaBMIqc&t=2382s
Spin-Hall effects in a Josephson contact
Creators: name: Mal'shukov, A. G.
name: Chu, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Josephson tunneling through a 2D normal contact with the spin-orbit split conduction band has been studied in the diffusive regime. Linearized Usadel equations for triplet components of the pairing function revealed a striking similarity to the equations of spin diffusion driven by the electric field in normal metals. Consequently, we predict that the out-of-plane spin-Hall polarization accumulates towards lateral sample edges and the in-plane polarization is finite throughout the entire normal region. At the same time, the spin-Hall current is absent in the considered case of the stationary Josephson effect.
description: 4 pages
Potential Vegetation and Carbon Redistribution in Northern North America from Climate Change
Creators: name: Flanagan, Steven A.
name: Hurtt, George C.
name: Fisk, Justin P.
name: Sahajpal, Ritvik
name: Hansen, Matthew C.
name: Dolan, Katelyn A.
name: Sullivan, Joe H.
name: Zhao, Maosheng
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2016
Subjects: climate change
earth system modeling
plant ecology

description: There are strong relationships between climate and ecosystems. With the prospect of anthropogenic forcing accelerating climate change, there is a need to understand how terrestrial vegetation responds to this change as it influences the carbon balance. Previous studies have primarily addressed this question using empirically based models relating the observed pattern of vegetation and climate, together with scenarios of potential future climate change, to predict how vegetation may redistribute. Unlike previous studies, here we use an advanced mechanistic, individually based, ecosystem model to predict the terrestrial vegetation response from future climate change. The use of such a model opens up opportunities to test with remote sensing data, and the possibility of simulating the transient response to climate change over large domains. The model was first run with a current climatology at half-degree resolution and compared to remote sensing data on dominant plant functional types for northern North America for validation. Future climate data were then used as inputs to predict the equilibrium response of vegetation in terms of dominant plant functional type and carbon redistribution. At the domain scale, total forest cover changed by ~2% and total carbon storage increased by ~8% in response to climate change. These domain level changes were the result of much larger gross changes within the domain. Evergreen forest cover decreased 48% and deciduous forest cover increased 77%. The dominant plant functional type changed on 58% of the sites, while total carbon in deciduous vegetation increased 107% and evergreen vegetation decreased 31%. The percent of terrestrial carbon from deciduous and evergreen plant functional types changed from 27%/73% under current climate conditions, to 54%/46% under future climate conditions. These large predicted changes in vegetation and carbon in response to future climate change are comparable to previous empirically based estimates, and motivate the need for future development with this mechanistic model to estimate the transient response to future climate changes.
Estimating the Intrafamily Incidence of Health: Child Illness and Gender Inequality in Indonesian Households
Creators: name: Pitt, Mark M.
name: Rosenzweig, Mark R.
name: Pitt, Mark M.
name: Rosenzweig, Mark R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics
Health Economics and Policy

description: In this paper, we demonstrate the difficulties of identifying both the own- and cross-effects of health on the allocation of time within a household, and develop and implement a method for estimating the effects of infant morbidity on the differential allocation of time by other family members based on discrete indicators of health and of activity participation commonly available in survey data. Estimates obtained from Indonesian household data indicate that inattention to problems of the measurement and endogeneity of health leads to a substantial underestimate of the effects of variations in child morbidity on the intrahousehold division of labor, and our estimates that take into account the "simultaneity" of health-activity associations indicate that increased levels of infant morbidity significantly exacerbate existing differentials in work-home time allocations across teenage boys and girls in Indonesia.
Switching spinless and spinful topological phases with projective $PT$ symmetry
Creators: name: Zhao, Y. X.
name: Chen, Cong
name: Sheng, Xian-Lei
name: Yang, Shengyuan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fundamental dichotomous classification for all physical systems is according to whether they are spinless or spinful. This is especially crucial for the study of symmetry-protected topological phases, as the two classes have distinct symmetry algebra. As a prominent example, the spacetime inversion symmetry $PT$ satisfies $(PT)^2=\pm 1$ for spinless/spinful systems, and each class features unique topological phases. Here, we reveal a possibility to switch the two fundamental classes via $\mathbb{Z}_2$ projective representations. For $PT$ symmetry, this occurs when $P$ inverses the gauge transformation needed to recover the original $\mathbb{Z}_2$ gauge connections under $P$. As a result, we can achieve topological phases originally unique for spinful systems in a spinless system, and vice versa. We explicitly demonstrate the claimed mechanism with several concrete models, such as Kramers degenerate bands and Kramers Majorana boundary modes in spinless systems, and real topological phases in spinful systems. Possible experimental realization of these models is discussed. Our work breaks a fundamental limitation on topological phases and opens an unprecedented possibility to realize intriguing topological phases in previously impossible systems.
description: 5 pages for the main text, plus 6 pages for the supplemental material, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Daniele Bruzzone, Lucia Zannini (a cura di), Sfidare i tabù della cura. Percorsi di formazione emotiva dei professionisti, Franco Angeli, Milano, ISBN 9788835110743, 163 pagine, 2021
Creators: name: Bobbo, Natascia
Publisher: name: Encyclopaideia
Year: 2021

description: Encyclopaideia, Vol. 25 No. 61 (2021)
The action of the Virasoro algebra in quantum spin chains. I. The non-rational case
Creators: name: Grans-Samuelsson, Linnea
name: Jacobsen, Jesper Lykke
name: Saleur, Hubert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the action of discretized Virasoro generators, built out of generators of the lattice Temperley-Lieb algebra ("Koo-Saleur generators"[arXiv:hep-th/9312156]), in the critical XXZ quantum spin chain. We explore the structure of the continuum-limit Virasoro modules at generic central charge for the XXZ vertex model, paralleling [arXiv:2007.11539] for the loop model. We find again indecomposable modules, but this time not logarithmic ones. The limit of the Temperley-Lieb modules $\mathcal{W}_{j,1}$ for $j\neq 0$ contains pairs of "conjugate states" with conformal weights $(h_{r,s},h_{r,-s})$ and $(h_{r,-s},h_{r,s})$ that give rise to dual structures: Verma or co-Verma modules. The limit of $\mathcal{W}_{0,\mathfrak{q}^{\pm2}}$ contains diagonal fields $(h_{r,1},h_{r,1})$ and gives rise to either only Verma or only co-Verma modules, depending on the sign of the exponent in $\mathfrak{q}^{\pm 2}$. In order to obtain matrix elements of Koo-Saleur generators at large system size $N$ we use Bethe ansatz and Quantum Inverse Scattering methods, computing the form factors for relevant combinations of three neighbouring spin operators. Relations between form factors ensure that the above duality exists already at the lattice level. We also study in which sense Koo-Saleur generators converge to Virasoro generators. We consider convergence in the weak sense, investigating whether the commutator of limits is the same as the limit of the commutator? We find that it coincides only up to the central term. As a side result we compute the ground-state expectation value of two neighbouring Temperley-Lieb generators in the XXZ spin chain.
description: 61 pages, 13 figures, 12 tables v2: Minor edits. Corrected typo in eq (188)
Dynamics of coupled vortices in layered magnetic nanodots
Creators: name: Guslienko, K. Yu.
name: Buchanan, K. S.
name: Bader, S. D.
name: Novosad, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin dynamics are calculated for a model system consisting of magnetically soft, layered nanomagnets, in which two ferromagnetic (F) cylindrical dots, each with a magnetic vortex ground state, are separated by a non-magnetic spacer (N). This permits a study of the effects of interlayer magnetostatic interactions on the vortex dynamics. The system was explored by applying the equations of motion for the vortex core positions. The restoring force was calculated taking into account the magnetostatic interactions assuming a realistic surface charge free spin distribution. For tri-layer F/N/F dots with opposite chiralities and the same core polarizations (lowest energy state), two eigenmodes are predicted analytically and confirmed via micromagnetic simulations. One mode is in the sub-GHz range for submicron dot diameters and corresponds to quasi-circular rotation of the cores about the dot center. A second mode is in the MHz range corresponding to a small amplitude rotation of the mean core position. The eigenfrequencies depend strongly on the geometrical parameters of the system, suggesting that magnetostatic effects play a dominant role in determining the vortex dynamics.
description: One PDF file including text and 4 figures
Political Economy of Endogenous Growth (Revised)
Creators: name: Mohtadi, Hamid
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Mohtadi, Hamid
name: Roe, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Political Economy

description: Using an endogenous growth framework, this paper analyzes the impact of lobbying for public goods on the long run steady-state growth rate of the economy. A socially optimal level of lobbying can be found to exist in the absence of a social planner. Atomistic households, however, exceed this level by viewing taxes as fixed, ignoring the aggregate tax impact of lobbying via increased public expenditures. Two extensions are presented. In one, anti-tax lobbying is analyzed, drawing parallel results. In another, a quasi-public good is introduced, lobbying for which is based not on altruism, but on private gains, though public gains occur as a side effect.
ISO observations of the interacting galaxy Markarian 297: with the powerful supernova remnant 1982aa
Creators: name: Metcalfe, L.
name: O'Halloran, B.
name: McBreen, B.
name: Delaney, M.
name: Burgdorf, M.
name: Leech, K.
name: Barr, P.
name: Clavel, J.
name: Coia, D.
name: Hanlon, L.
name: Gallais, P.
name: Laureijs, R.
name: Smith, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Markarian (Mkn) 297 is a complex system with two interacting galaxies. Observations were made with ISO using ISOCAM, ISOPHOT and LWS. We present ISOCAM maps at 6.7, 7.7, 12 and 14.3 microns which, with PHT-S spectrometry of the central interacting region, probe the dust obscured star formation and dust properties. ISOCAM reveals that the strongest emission region in the four MIR bands is completely unremarkable at visible and near-IR (e.g. 2MASS) wavelengths, and does not coincide with the nuclear region of either colliding galaxy. It shares this striking characteristic with the overlap region of the colliding galaxies in the Antennae (NGC 4038, 4039), the intragroup region of Stephan's Quintet, and IC 694 in the interacting system Arp 299. At 15 microns, the hidden source in Mkn 297 is, respectively, 14.6 and 3.8 times more luminous than the hidden sources in the Antennae (NGC 4038/4039) and Stephan's Quintet. Numerical simulations indicate that we see the Mkn 297 interaction about 1.5 x 10e8 years after the collision. ISOCAM shows knots and ridges of emission. The 14.3/7.7 micron ratio map implies widespread strong star formation. Strong emission features were detected in the ISOPHOT spectrum, while [OI], [OIII] and [CII] emission lines were seen with LWS. Using data from the three instruments, luminosities and masses for two dust components were determined. The total infrared luminosity is approximately 10e11 L_sol, marginally a LIRG. A 1979 supernova generated one of the most powerful known radio remnants (SN 1982aa) close to the strongest MIR source and identified with star forming region 14 in the optical. This exceptional supernova explosion may have been accompanied by a GRB, and a search for a GRB in this direction in contemporaneous satellite data is recommended.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Updated to better use recent SN/GRB work and tune terminology in Sec. 4.7