cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear problems on the Sierpiński gasket
Creators: name: Bisci, Giovanni Molica
name: Repovš, Dušan D.
name: Servadei, Raffaella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 35J20, 35J25, 35J60, 47J30, 49J52

description: This paper concerns with a class of elliptic equations on fractal domains depending on a real parameter. Our approach is based on variational methods. More precisely, the existence of at least two non-trivial weak (strong) solutions for the treated problem is obtained exploiting a local minimum theorem for differentiable functionals defined on reflexive Banach spaces. A special case of the main result improves a classical application of the Mountain Pass Theorem in the fractal setting, given by Falconer and Hu (1999).
Characterization of Lipschitz spaces via commutators of the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function
Creators: name: Zhang, Pu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B25, 42B20, 42B35, 46E30

description: Let $M$ be the Hardy-Littlewood maximal function and $b$ be a locally integrable function. Denote by $M_b$ and $[b,M]$ the maximal commutator and the (nonlinear) commutator of $M$ with $b$. In this paper, the author consider the boundedness of $M_b$ and $[b,M]$ on Lebesgue spaces and Morrey spaces when $b$ belongs to the Lipschitz space, by which some new characterizations of the Lipschitz spaces are given.
Giant perpendicular exchange bias with antiferromagnetic MnN
Creators: name: Zilske, Philipp
name: Graulich, Dominik
name: Dunz, Mareike
name: Meinert, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated an out-of-plane exchange bias system that is based on the antiferromagnet MnN. Polycrystalline, highly textured film stacks of Ta / MnN / CoFeB / MgO / Ta were grown on SiO$_x$ by (reactive) magnetron sputtering and studied by x-ray diffraction and Kerr magnetometry. Nontrivial modifications of the exchange bias and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were observed both as functions of film thicknesses as well as field cooling temperatures. In optimized film stacks, a giant perpendicular exchange bias of 3600 Oe and a coercive field of 350 Oe were observed at room temperature. The effective interfacial exchange energy is estimated to be $J_\mathrm{eff} = 0.24$ mJ/m$^2$ and the effective uniaxial anisotropy constant of the antiferromagnet is $K_\mathrm{eff} = 24$ kJ/m$^3$. The maximum effective perpendicular anisotropy field of the CoFeB layer is $H_\mathrm{ani} = 3400$ Oe. These values are larger than any previously reported values. These results possibly open a route to magnetically stable, exchange biased perpendicularly magnetized spin valves.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Die Ausbildung von Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekaren an öffentlichen Bibliotheken in Österreich
Creators: name: Feigl, Markus
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Bibliothekarische Ausbildung
subject: Öffentliche Bibliotheken
subject: Österreich
subject: Library Education
subject: Public Libraries
subject: Austria
subject: 020 Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaften

description: Das öffentliche Bibliothekswesen in Österreich ist im Vergleich zu jenen in anderen deutschsprachigen Ländern durch einige Besonderheiten gekennzeichnet, die sich nicht zuletzt auch in den Curricula der Ausbildungslehrgänge für Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter öffentlicher Bibliotheken wiederspiegeln: Zum einen sind dies der sehr hohe Anteil an ehrenamtlich tätigen Bibliotheksmitarbeiterinnen und –mitarbeitern und zum anderen die kaum bestehenden Berührungspunkte zu wissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Bibliotheken. Dies hat zur Folge, dass es eigene Ausbildungslehrgänge sowohl für ehrenamtlich Tätige und als auch für bereits angestellte Bibliothekarinnen und Bibliothekare an öffentlichen Bibliotheken gibt, die klar vom Ausbildungsangebot für Personal wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken abgegrenzt sind. Durch die speziell am Zielpublikum und den Rahmenbedingungen öffentlicher Bibliotheken orientierten Lehrgänge kann in intensiver und vergleichsweise kurzer Zeit ein bemerkenswert hoher Grad an Professionalisierung erzielt werden.
description: Compared to other German-speaking countries, the public library system in Austria is characterised by a number of special characteristics, which are reflected not least in the curricula of the educational courses for public library staff: On the one hand, there is the very high proportion of volunteer librarians, and on the other hand, there are hardly any points of contact with academic libraries. As a result, there are separate educational courses for both volunteers and librarians already employed at public libraries, which are clearly differentiated from the training offered to staff of academic libraries. Through the courses, which are specifically oriented towards the target audience and the framework conditions of public libraries, a remarkably high degree of professionalisation can be achieved in an intensive and comparatively short time.
Locality from Quantum Gravity: All or Nothing
Creators: name: Engelhardt, Netta
name: Fischetti, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a full theory of quantum gravity, local physics is expected to be approximate rather than innate. It is therefore important to understand how approximate locality emerges in the semiclassical limit. Here we show that any notion of locality emergent from a holographic theory of quantum gravity is "all or nothing": local data is not obtained gradually from subregions of the boundary, but is rather obtained all at once when enough of the boundary is accessed. Our assumptions are mild and thus this feature is quite general; in the special case of AdS/CFT, a slightly different manifestation follows from well-known and familiar properties.
description: 7 pages; 4 figures. v2: added references, minor edits
Multiple Injection Strategies to Improve a Biogas Diesel Predominantly Premixed Charge Compression Ignition Engine
Creators: name: KODALI, ABDUL RAHMAN
name: A, Ramesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 400201
subject: Automotive combustion and fuel engineering

description: Biogas diesel predominantly premixed charge compression ignition (BDPPCCI) mode wherein biogas is inducted with air and diesel is injected achieves extremely low levels of NO. However, high smoke emission due to wall wetting of diesel is a problem. Experiments were conducted on a common rail automotive diesel engine using an open engine control unit (ECU) at a constant speed of 1800 rpm, at a fixed biogas energy share and a BMEP of about 3.5 bar. The effect of single pulse (SP), double pulse (DP) and triple pulse (TP) injection of diesel in this mode has been explored. The start of injection (SOI) was adjusted for best efficiency with NO level limited to 20 ppm initially. Though there was no significant improvement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) significant reduction in smoke emission as compared to the SP mode was achieved due to better combustion phasing and reduced wall wetting. Injection of diesel in three pulses was not suitable as a very close control over the injection timings was needed even though smoke emissions could be lowered. Post injection (PI) of diesel along with main injection (MI) resulted in significant improvement in BTE and reduction in smoke emission without significantly elevating the levels of NO. This method was found to be the most suitable for enhancing BDPPCCI operation. Thus the multiple injection strategy can significantly improve the operation of a BDPPCCI engine
Comparing Conditions for Macrorealism: Leggett-Garg Inequalities vs No-Signaling in Time
Creators: name: Halliwell, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider two different types of conditions which were proposed to test macrorealism in the context of a system described by a single dichotomic variable Q. This is the view that a macroscopic system evolving in time possesses definite properties which can be determined without disturbing the future or past state. The Leggett-Garg (LG) inequalities, the most commonly-studied test, are only necessary conditions for macrorealism, but building on earlier work it is shown that when the four three-time LG inequalities are augmented with a certain set of two-time inequalities also of the LG form, Fine's theorem applies and these augmented conditions are then both necessary and sufficient. A comparison is carried out with a very different set of necessary and sufficient conditions for macrorealism, namely the no-signaling in time (NSIT) conditions proposed by Brukner, Clemente, Kofler and others, which ensure that all probabilities for Q at one and two times are independent of whether earlier or intermediate measurements are made in a given run, and do not require (but imply) the LG inequalities. We argue that tests based on the LG inequalities have the form of very weak classicality conditions and can be satisfied in the face of moderate interference effects, but those based on NSIT conditions have the form of much stronger coherence witness conditions, satisfied only for zero interference. The two tests differ in their implementation of non-invasive measurability so are testing different notions of macrorealism: the augmented LG tests are indirect, entailing a combination of the results of different experiments with only compatible quantities measured in each experimental run, in close analogy with Bell tests, and are primarily tests for macrorealism per se; by contrast the NSIT tests entail sequential measurements of incompatible quantities and are primarily tests for non-invasiveness
description: 28 pages. Revised in response to referee comments
Dynamics of core of language vocabulary
Creators: name: Solovyev, Valery D.
name: Bochkarev, Vladimir V.
name: Shevlyakova, Anna V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7; J.5
subject: 91F20

description: Studies of the overall structure of vocabulary and its dynamics became possible due to creation of diachronic text corpora, especially Google Books Ngram. This article discusses the question of core change rate and the degree to which the core words cover the texts. Different periods of the last three centuries and six main European languages presented in Google Books Ngram are compared. The main result is high stability of core change rate, which is analogous to stability of the Swadesh list.
description: This report was presented at the Workshop "Computational linguistics and language science", Moscow, Russia on April 25, 2016
Frequent hospital presenters’ use of health information during COVID-19: results of a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Jessup, Rebecca
name: Bramston, Cassandra
name: Putrik, P
name: Haywood, C
name: Tacey, M
name: Copnell, Beverley
name: Cvetanovska, N
name: Cao, Yingting
name: Gust, A
name: Campbell, D
name: Oldenburg, Brian
name: Mehdi, H
name: Kirk, M
name: Zucchi, E
name: Semciw, Adam
name: Beauchamp, A
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems

description: Background: High-frequency hospital users often present with chronic and complex health conditions and are at increased risk of serious morbidity and mortality if they contract COVID-19. Understanding where high-frequency hospital users are sourcing their information, whether they understand what they find, and how they apply the information to prevent the spread of COVID-19 is essential for health authorities to be able to target communication approaches. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of 200 frequent hospital users (115 with limited English proficiency) informed by the WHO’s “Rapid, simple, flexible behavioral insights on COVID-19”. Outcome measures were source of, and trust in information, and knowledge of symptoms, preventive strategies, restrictions, and identification of misinformation. Results: The most frequently cited source of information was television (n = 144, 72%) followed by the internet (n = 84, 42%). One in four television users sought their information from overseas news outlets from their country of origin, while for those using the internet, 56% relied on Facebook and other forms of social media including YouTube and WeChat. Overall, 41.2% of those surveyed had inadequate knowledge about symptoms, 35.8% had inadequate knowledge about preventative strategies, 30.2% had inadequate knowledge about government-imposed restrictions, and 69% believed in misinformation. Half of the respondents (50%) trusted all information, and only one in five (20%) were uncertain or untrusting. English-speaking participants were almost three times more likely to have adequate knowledge about symptoms (OR 2.69, 95%CI 1.47;4.91) and imposed restrictions (OR 2.10 95%CI 1.06; 4.19), and 11 times more likely to recognize misinformation (OR 11.52 95%CI 5.39; 24.60) than those with limited English. Conclusion: Within this population of high-frequency hospital users with complex and chronic conditions, many were sourcing their information from less trustworthy or locally relevant sources, including social media and overseas news outlets. Despite this, at least half were trusting all the information that they found. Speaking a language other than English was a much greater risk factor for having inadequate knowledge about COVID-19 and believing in misinformation. Health authorities must look for methods to engage diverse communities, and tailor health messaging and education in order to reduce disparities in health outcomes.
Analytic solution to variance optimization with no short-selling
Creators: name: Kondor, Imre
name: Papp, Gábor
name: Caccioli, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A large portfolio of independent returns is optimized under the variance risk measure with a ban on short positions. The no-short selling constraint acts as an asymmetric $\ell_1$ regularizer, setting some of the portfolio weights to zero and keeping the out of sample estimator for the variance bounded, avoiding the divergence present in the non-regularized case. However, the susceptibility, i.e. the sensitivity of the optimal portfolio weights to changes in the returns, diverges at a critical value $r=2$. This means that a ban on short positions does not prevent the phase transition in the optimization problem, it merely shifts the critical point from its non-regularized value of $r=1$ to $2$. At $r=2$ the out of sample estimator for the portfolio variance stays finite and the estimated in-sample variance vanishes. We have performed numerical simulations to support the analytic results and found perfect agreement for $N/T<2$. Numerical experiments on finite size samples of symmetrically distributed returns show that above this critical point the probability of finding solutions with zero in-sample variance increases rapidly with increasing $N$, becoming one in the large $N$ limit. However, these are not legitimate solutions of the optimization problem, as they are infinitely sensitive to any change in the input parameters, in particular they will wildly fluctuate from sample to sample. We also calculate the distribution of the optimal weights over the random samples and show that the regularizer preferentially removes the assets with large variances, in accord with one's natural expectation.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures
Transcendent Accountability Scale Development Data and Materials
Creators: name: Witvliet, Charlotte
name: Johnson, Byron
name: Roberts, Robert
name: Jang, Sung Joon
name: Evans, C.
name: Peteet, John
name: Torrance, Andrew
name: Leman, Joseph
name: Berry, Jack
name: Bradshaw, Matt
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Religion
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Sociology of Religion
subject: Practical Theology
subject: Medical Specialties
subject: Legal Studies
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Psychiatry
subject: accountability
subject: flourishing
subject: gratitude to God
subject: meaning in life
subject: religion
subject: scale development
subject: spirituality
subject: virtue

description: This Registration includes materials and data related to the Transcendent Accountability construct and scale development studies for the Registration of "Human and Transcendent Accountability Scale Development," https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/J2DES. Relevant files are also located in the associated project for that registration.
title: Application of Pareto Optimization in an Economic Model Predictive Controlled Microgrid
Creators: name: Schmitt, Thomas
name: Engel, Jens
name: Rodemann, Tobias
name: Adamy, Jürgen
Publisher: name: UNSPECIFIED
Year: 2020

description: This paper presents an economic model predictive control approach for a linear microgrid model. The microgrid in grid-connected mode represents a medium-sized company building including storage systems, renewable energies and couplings between the electrical and heat energy system. Economic model predictive control together with Pareto optimization is applied to find suitable compromises between two competing objectives, i. e. monetary costs and thermal comfort. Using real-world data from 2018 and 2019, the model is simulated with auto-detection of the Pareto solution which is closest to the Utopia point. The results show that the Pareto optimization can either be used in real-time control of the microgrid, or to obtain suitable weights from long term simulations. Both approaches result in significant cost reductions.
Dielectric nanotomography based on electrostatic force microscopy: A numerical analysis
Creators: name: Fabregas, Rene
name: Gomila, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) can image nanoscale objects buried below the surface. Here, we theoretically show that this capability can be used to obtain nanotomographic information, i.e., the physical dimensions and dielectric properties, of buried nano-objects. These results constitute a first step toward implementing a nondestructive dielectric nanotomography technique based on EFM with applications in materials sciences and life sciences.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Vor-textural Translations from Building to Drawing
Creators: name: Charron, Renee
Publisher: name: BBDS - Black Book: Drawing and Sketching
Year: 2025

description: In an era in which architectural drawing’s contribution to processes of design is being continually re-examined in terms of evolving technologies, this essay looks at a tentative drawing procedure that explores drawing’s experimental potential for producing ‘surplus value’ by superseding conventional and representational paradigms and germinating affect. It endeavours to do so by reappropriating the question of ‘translation from drawing to building’ as postulated by Robin Evans and engaging its dialectics in a vortical movement of continuity, intertwined in mutual exchange, to blur their interval and inflect thought. The author proposes that through such experimental processes drawing and architecture might come together and infold their differentials in order to generate novel insights and approaches, and open up potential paths for their relation to evolve.
description: BBDS - Black Book: Drawing and Sketching, Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Drawing territories
Octave-spanning dissipative Kerr soliton frequency combs in $Si_3N_4$ microresonators
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Martin H. P.
name: Herkommer, Clemens
name: Liu, Junqiu
name: Guo, Hairun
name: Karpov, Maxim
name: Lucas, Erwan
name: Zervas, Michael
name: Kippenberg, Tobias J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Octave-spanning, self-referenced frequency combs are applied in diverse fields ranging from precision metrology to astrophysical spectrometer calibration. In the past decade, Kerr frequency comb generators have emerged as alternative scheme offering chip-scale integration, high repetition rate and bandwidths that are only limited by group velocity dispersion. The recent observation of Kerr frequency combs operating in the dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) regime, along with dispersive wave formation, has provided the means for fully coherent, broadband Kerr frequency comb generation with engineered spectral envelope. Here, by carefully optimizing the photonic Damascene fabrication process, and dispersion engineering of $\mathrm{Si_{3}N_{4}}$ microresonators with $1\,\mathrm{THz}$ free spectral range, we achieve bandwidths exceeding one octave at low powers ($\mathcal{O}(100\,\mathrm{mW})$) for pump lasers residing in the telecom C-band ($1.55\,\mathrm{μm}$), as well as for the first time in the O-band ($1.3\,\mathrm{μm}$). Equally important, we find that for THz repetition rate comb states, conventional criteria applied to identify DKS comb states fail. Investigating the coherence of generated, octave-spanning Kerr comb states we unambiguously identify DKS states using a response measurement. This allows to demonstrate octave-spanning DKS comb states at both pump laser wavelengths of $1.3\mathrm{\,μm}$ and $1.55\,\mathrm{μm}$ including the broadest DKS state generated to date, spanning more than $200\,\mathrm{THz}$ of optical bandwidth. Octave spanning DKS frequency combs can form essential building blocks for metrology or spectroscopy, and their operation at $1.3\mathrm{\,μm}$ enables applications in life sciences such as Kerr comb based optical coherence tomography or dual comb coherent antistokes Raman scattering.
Killing the Hofstadter butterfly, one bond at a time
Creators: name: Agarwala, Adhip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electronic bands in a square lattice when subjected to a perpendicular magnetic field form the Hofstadter butterfly pattern. We study the evolution of this pattern as a function of bond percolation disorder (removal or dilution of lattice bonds). With increasing concentration of the bonds removed, the butterfly pattern gets smoothly decimated. However, in this process of decimation, bands develop interesting characteristics and features. For example, in the high disorder limit, some butterfly-like pattern still persists even as most of the states are localized. We also analyze, in the low disorder limit, the effect of percolation on wavefunctions (using inverse participation ratios) and on band gaps in the spectrum. We explain and provide the reasons behind many of the key features in our results by analyzing small clusters and finite size rings. Furthermore, we study the effect of bond dilution on transverse conductivity($σ_{xy}$). We show that starting from the clean limit, increasing disorder reduces $σ_{xy}$ to zero, even though the strength of percolation is smaller than the classical percolation threshold. This shows that the system undergoes a direct transition from a integer quantum Hall state to a localized Anderson insulator beyond a critical value of bond dilution. We further find that the energy bands close to the band edge are more stable to disorder than at the band center. To arrive at these results we use the coupling matrix approach to calculate Chern numbers for disordered systems. We point out the relevance of these results to signatures in magneto-oscillations.
description: minor typos fixed
Click Chemistry enables rapid amplification of full-length reverse transcripts for long read Next Generation Sequencing
Creators: name: Schönegger, Eva Sophie
name: Crisp, Antony
name: Müller, Markus
name: Carell, Thomas
name: Frischmuth, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: We describe here the development of a novel click chemistry-based method for the generation and amplification of full-length cDNA libraries from total RNA, while avoiding the need for problematic template-switching (TS, standard library preparation based on the Smart-Seq2 protocol) reactions. Our method avoids random priming as well as stochastic cDNA termination, thus enabling the amplification of transcripts that were previously inaccessible by related click chemistry-based RNA sequencing techniques.
High-resolution imaging spectroscopy of two micro-pores and an arch filament system in a small emerging-flux region
Creators: name: Manrique, S. J. González
name: González, N. Bello
name: Denker, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. The purpose of this investigation is to characterize the temporal evolution of an emerging flux region, the associated photospheric and chromospheric flow fields, and the properties of the accompanying arch filament system. Methods. This study is based on imaging spectroscopy with the Göttingen Fabry-Pérot Interferometer at the Vacuum Tower Telescope, on 2008 August 7. Cloud model (CM) inversions of line scans in the strong chromospheric absorption H$α$ line yielded CM parameters, which describe the cool plasma contained in the arch filament system. Results. The observations cover the decay and convergence of two micro-pores with diameters of less than one arcsecond and provide decay rates for intensity and area. The photospheric horizontal flow speed is suppressed near the two micro-pores indicating that the magnetic field is sufficiently strong to affect the convective energy transport. The micro-pores are accompanied by an arch filament system, where small-scale loops connect two regions with H$α$ line-core brightenings containing an emerging flux region with opposite polarities. The chromospheric velocity of the cloud material is predominantly directed downwards near the footpoints of the loops with velocities of up to 12 km/s, whereas loop tops show upward motions of about 3 km/s. Conclusions. Micro-pores are the smallest magnetic field concentrations leaving a photometric signature in the photosphere. In the observed case, they are accompanied by a miniature arch filament system indicative of newly emerging flux in the form of $Ω$-loops. Flux emergence and decay take place on a time-scale of about two days, whereas the photometric decay of the micro-pores is much more rapid (a few hours), which is consistent with the incipient submergence of $Ω$-loops. The results are representative for the smallest emerging flux regions still recognizable as such.
description: 15 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables, published in A&A
Structures, phase transitions, and magnetic properties of Co3Si from first-principles calculations
Creators: name: Zhao, Xin
name: Yu, Shu
name: Wu, Shunqing
name: Nguyen, Manh Cuong
name: Wang, Cai-Zhuang
name: Ho, Kai-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Co3Si was recently reported to exhibit remarkable magnetic properties in the nanoparticle form [Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 152406 (2016)], yet better understanding of this material is to be promoted. Here we report a study on the crystal structures of Co3Si using adaptive genetic algorithm, and discuss its electronic and magnetic properties from first-principles calculations. Several competing phases of Co3Si have been revealed from our calculations. We show that the hexagonal Co3Si structure reported in experiments has lower energy in non-magnetic state than ferromagnetic state at zero temperature. The ferromagnetic state of the hexagonal structure is dynamically unstable with imaginary phonon modes and transforms to a new orthorhombic structure, which is confirmed by our structure searches to have the lowest energy for both Co3Si and Co3Ge. Magnetic properties of the experimental hexagonal structure and the lowest-energy structures obtained from our structure searches are investigated in detail.
description: accepted in PRB
Fundamental Efficiency Limits for Small Metallic Antennas
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Carl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Both the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of electrically small antennas are dramatically reduced as the size decreases. Fundamental limitations on the bandwidth of small antennas have been thoroughly treated in the past. However, upper bounds on radiation efficiency have not been established even though it is also of significant importance. Here, radiation from a thin metallic shell is rigorously analyzed to establish fundamental limits on the radiation efficiency of resonant, electrically small antennas in terms of the size and the metal conductivity. Metallic losses are systematically introduced into the circuit model proposed by Chu, and several resonant antennas with maximum radiation efficiencies are analyzed. Resonant electric and magnetic dipole antennas both have maximum radiation efficiencies near 100% until the size is reduced below a critical value, at which point the efficiency scales as electrical size to the fourth power ((ka)^4 ). It is also shown that a helix antenna that resonantly couples the TM10 mode to the TE10 mode has a maximum radiation efficiency, and is about twice that of a resonant dipole or loop antenna. The closed form expressions reported here provide valuable insight into the design of small antennas with optimal efficiencies.
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
Creators: name: Majumdar, Rupak
name: Silva, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: Theory of computation → Concurrency
subject: Theory of computation → Categorical semantics
subject: Theory of computation → Process calculi
subject: Theory of computation → Markov decision processes
subject: Theory of computation → Modal and temporal logics
subject: Theory of computation → Verification by model checking
subject: Theory of computation → Automata over infinite objects

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 311, 35th International Conference on Concurrency Theory (CONCUR 2024), pages 0:i-0:xii
Quantum amplification and purification of noisy coherent states
Creators: name: Zhao, Xiaobin
name: Chiribella, Giulio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum-limited amplifiers increase the amplitude of quantum signals at the price of introducing additional noise. Quantum purification protocols operate in the reverse way, by reducing the noise while attenuating the signal. Here we investigate a scenario that interpolates between these two extremes. We search for the optimal physical process that generates $M$ approximate copies of pure and amplified coherent state, starting from $N$ copies of a noisy coherent state with Gaussian modulation. We prove that the optimal deterministic processes are always Gaussian, whereas non-Gaussianity powers up probabilistic advantages in suitable parameter regimes. The optimal processes are experimentally feasible, both in the deterministic and in the probabilistic scenario. In view of this fact, we provide benchmarks that can be used to certify the experimental demonstration of the quantum-enhanced amplification and purification of coherent states.
description: 10 pages
Gaussian Beam-Propagation Theory for Nonlinear Optics - Featuring an Exact Treatment of Orbital Angular Momentum Transfer
Creators: name: Lanning, R. Nicholas
name: Xiao, Zhihao
name: Zhang, Mi
name: Novikova, Irina
name: Mikhailov, Eugeniy
name: Dowling, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general, Gaussian spatial mode propagation formalism for describing the generation of higher order multi-spatial-mode beams generated during nonlinear interactions. Furthermore, to implement the theory, we simulate optical angular momentum transfer interactions, and show how one can optimize the interaction to reduce the undesired modes. Past theoretical treatments of this problem have often been phenomenological, at best. Here we present an exact solution for the single-pass no-cavity regime, in which the the nonlinear interaction is not overly strong. We apply our theory to two experiments, with very good agreement, and give examples of several more configurations, easily tested in the laboratory.
Helium ignition in rotating magnetized CO white dwarfs leading to fast and faint rather than classical type Ia supernovae
Creators: name: Neunteufel, P.
name: Yoon, S. -C.
name: Langer, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based mostly on stellar models which do not include rotation, CO white dwarfs which accrete helium at rates of about $\sim 10^{-8}~\mathrm{M}_\odot/\mathrm{yr}$ have been put forward as candidate progenitors for a number of transient astrophysical phenomena, including supernovae of Type Ia, and the peculiar and fainter Type Iax supernovae. Here we study the impact of accretion-induced spin-up including the subsequent magnetic field generation, angular momentum transport, and viscous heating on the white dwarf evolution up to the point of helium ignition. We resolve the structure of the helium accreting white dwarf models with a one dimensional Langrangian hydrodynamic code, modified to include rotational and magnetic effects. We find magnetic angular momentum transport, which leads to quasi solid-body rotation, profoundly impacts the evolution of the white dwarf models. Our rotating lower mass ($0.54$ and $0.82~\mathrm{M}_\odot$) models accrete up to 50\% more mass up to ignition compared to the non-rotating case and the opposite for our more massive models. Furthermore, we find that rotation leads to up to 10-times smaller helium ignition densities, except for the lowest adopted initial white dwarf mass. Ignition densities of order $10^6\,\mathrm{g/cm}^3$ are only found for the lowest accretion rates and for large amounts of accreted helium $\gtrsim 0.4\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$. However, correspondingly massive donor stars would transfer mass at much higher rates. We expect explosive He-shell burning to mostly occur as deflagrations and at $\dot{M}>2\cdot10^{-8}~\mathrm{M}_\odot/\mathrm{yr}$, regardless of white dwarf mass. Our results imply that helium accretion onto CO white dwarfs at the considered rates is unlikely to lead to explosions of the CO core or to classical Type,Ia supernovae, but may instead produce events like faint and fast hydrogen-free supernovae.
description: 18 pages, 25 figures. Accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Fabrication d’une cigale chez Jean Estirach. Le bâtonnet est fixé
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Criticality of inhomogeneous Nariai-like cosmological models
Creators: name: Beyer, Florian
name: Escobar, Leon
name: Frauendiener, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C05, 83F05

description: In this paper, we construct and study solutions of Einstein's equations in vacuum with a positive cosmological constant which can be considered as inhomogeneous generalizations of the Nariai cosmological model. Similar to this Nariai spacetime, our solutions are at the borderline between gravitational collapse and de-Sitter-like exponential expansion. Our studies focus in particular on the intriguing oscillatory dynamics which we discover. Our investigations are carried out both analytically (using heuristic mode analysis arguments) and numerically (using the numerical infrastructure recently introduced by us).
description: 34 pages, 17 figures
Bubbling with $L^2$-almost constant mean curvature and an Alexandrov-type theorem for crystals
Creators: name: Delgadino, M. G.
name: Maggi, F.
name: Mihaila, C.
name: Neumayer, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A compactness theorem for volume-constrained almost-critical points of elliptic integrands is proven. The result is new even for the area functional, as almost-criticality is measured in an integral rather than in a uniform sense. Two main applications of the compactness theorem are discussed. First, we obtain a description of critical points/local minimizers of elliptic energies interacting with a confinement potential. Second, we prove an Alexandrov-type theorem for crystalline isoperimetric problems.
POLICY PATHWAYS TOWARDS POVERTY REDUCTION IN THE MIDST OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN AFRICA: THE CASE OF NIGERIA AND DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC).
Creators: name: Oaikhena, Marvellous
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Africa has been bedeviled with poverty. The rate of poor people in Africa is alarming, compared to the availability of natural resources at the disposal of most states in Africa.  Poverty has led to disconnect in families and friends.  This phenomenon has brought about lack of confidence, malnutrition and other various kinds of diseases in most states in Africa.  Sustainable policies had not been adequately implemented were they are initiated or pronounced.  The Covid-19 pandemic, which has ravaged most countries in the world has further exposed the weaknesses of African countries Two countries in Africa were examined by the researcher.  These are, Nigeria, and Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).   This study took a cursory look at some major challenges of policies and programmes initiated to address poverty in the two countries.  It sought to know the positive correlation between educational attainment, level of income and occupational status in the countries, as these are expected strategies to aid reduction of poverty. The study adopted the qualitative method, as empirical literatures were sought, in order to ascertain the level of poverty and process or measures put in place to aid poverty reduction in the midst of the pandemic.  The study, suggested a complete focus on knowledge attainment and skills development as some of the most important pathways to reducing poverty in Africa. As a result the social protection theory was adopted as a phenomenon towards the reduction of poverty in the two countries mentioned in the study.  In other words, the promotion of a prosperous Africa is based on inclusive and sustainable development where development is people-driven, thus relying on the potential of Africans, especially its women and youths.
Fabrication d’une cigale (tambour à friction tournoyant) chez Jean Estirach. Le crin est passé à travers le deuxième trou
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Anomalous magnetism in hydrogenated graphene
Creators: name: García-Martínez, N. A.
name: Lado, J. L.
name: Jacob, D.
name: Fernández-Rossier, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the problem of local moment formation in graphene due to chemisorption of individual atomic hydrogen or other analogous sp$^3$ covalent functionalizations. We describe graphene with the single orbital Hubbard model, so that the H chemisorption is equivalent to a vacancy in the honeycomb lattice. In order to circumvent artefacts related to periodic unit cells, we use either huge simulation cells of up to $8\times10^5$ sites, or an embedding scheme that allows the modelling of a single vacancy in an otherwise pristine infinite honeycomb lattice. We find three results that stress the anomalous nature of the magnetic moment ($m$) in this system. First, in the non-interacting ($U=0$), zero temperature ($T=0$) case, the $m(B)$ is a continuous smooth curve with divergent susceptibility, different from the step-wise constant function found for a single unpaired spins in a gapped system. Second, for $U=0$ and $T>0$, the linear susceptibility follows a power law $\propto{T}^{-α}$ with an exponent of $α=0.77$ different from conventional Curie's law. For $U>0$, in the mean field approximation, the integrated moment is smaller than $m=1μ_B$, in contrast with results using periodic unit cells. These three results highlight that the magnetic response of the local moment induced by sp$^3$ functionalizations in graphene is different both from that of local moments in gaped systems, for which the magnetic moment is quantized and follows a Curie law, and from Pauli paramagnetism in conductors, for which a linear susceptibility can be defined at $T=0$.
Holographic DC conductivity and Onsager relations
Creators: name: Donos, Aristomenis
name: Gauntlett, Jerome P.
name: Griffin, Tom
name: Lohitsiri, Nakarin
name: Melgar, Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within holography the DC conductivity can be obtained by solving a system of Stokes equations for an auxiliary fluid living on the black hole horizon. We show that these equations can be derived from a novel variational principle involving a functional that depends on the fluid variables of interest as well as the time reversed quantities. This leads to simple derivation of the Onsager relations for the conductivity. We also obtain the relevant Stokes equations for bulk theories of gravity in four dimensions including a $\vartheta F\wedge F$ term in the Lagrangian, where $\vartheta$ is a function of dynamical scalar fields. We discuss various realisations of the anomalous Hall conductivity that this term induces and also solve the Stokes equations for holographic lattices which break translations in one spatial dimension.
description: 28 pages. Small changes, references and acknowledgement added. Published version
CBS News Poll: Summer/Soccer/2014 World Cup
Creators: name: CBS News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Summer (1); visit mountains, lakes, beaches (1); barbecue or grill food (1); favorite sport (1); patriotism in America (1); prefer eating hamburgers or hotdogs (1); own any clothing made of denim (1); know words to the first verse of the U.S. national anthem (1); trophies awarded for organized sports for children (1); 2014 World Cup soccer (1); visit a national park this summer (1); preserve America’s natural wildlife (1); protect the environment (1); religious affiliation (1); personal finances (1); political party preference (1).
Leaders’ experience and the transition from populism to dictatorship
Creators: name: Baturo, Alexander
name: Kenny, Paul D.
name: Balta, Evren
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: A growing body of research shows that although populists draw on mass support to weaken executive constraints, they rarely transition to personalist autocracy. This raises the question of how and why only a few populist leaders have been able to leverage mass support to establish personal authoritarian rule? Whereas previous studies have addressed this in terms of deep social and economic crises or the durability of formal and informal democratic institutions, we focus on the agency of populist leaders themselves. Specifically, we theorize that more experienced leaders are better able to capture state institutions and ultimately establish authoritarian rule, particularly if they inherit more malleable institutions at entry into office. We present a newly enlarged dataset of populist rule, which confirms that the transition to full dictatorship is rare. We find that political experience has a robust positive association with full democratic reversals, while controlling for other factors. Moreover, this relationship is pronounced in contexts where institutional regulations are less rigid. However, we find little evidence of an independent effect of a priori institutional weakness on democratic survival. Our findings have implications for the literatures on populism, democratic backsliding, and political leadership.
Large-scale clustering as a probe of the origin and the host environment of fast radio bursts
Creators: name: Shirasaki, Masato
name: Kashiyama, Kazumi
name: Yoshida, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to use degree-scale angular clustering of fast radio bursts (FRBs) to identify their origin and the host galaxy population. We study the information content in autocorrelation of the angular positions and dispersion measures (DM) and in cross-correlation with galaxies. We show that the cross-correlation with Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) galaxies will place stringent constraints on the mean physical quantities associated with FRBs. If $\sim$10,000 FRBs are detected with $\lesssim \rm deg$ resolution in the SDSS field, the clustering analysis with the intrinsic DM scatter of $100\, {\rm pc}/{\rm cm}^3$ can constrain the global abundance of free electrons at $z\lt1$ and the large-scale bias of FRB host galaxies (the statistical relation between the distribution of host galaxies and cosmic matter density field) with fractional errors (with a $68\%$ confidence level) of $\sim10\%$ and $\sim20\%$, respectively. The mean near-source dispersion measure and the delay time distribution of FRB rates relative to the global star forming rate can be also determined by combining the clustering and the probability distribution function of DM. Our approach will be complementary to high-resolution ($\ll {\rm deg}$) event localization using e.g., VLA and VLBI for identifying the origin of FRBs and the source environment. We strongly encourage future observational programs such as CHIME, UTMOST, and HIRAX to survey FRBs in the SDSS field.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D