cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The star formation history of the Magellanic Clouds derived from long-period variable star counts
Creators: name: kh., Sara Rezaei
name: Javadi, Atefeh
name: Khosroshahi, Habib
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first reconstruction of the star formation history (SFH) of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC) using Long Period Variable stars. These cool evolved stars reach their peak luminosity in the near-infrared; thus, their K-band magnitudes can be used to derive their birth mass and age, and hence the SFH can be obtained. In the LMC, we found a 10-Gyr old single star formation epoch at a rate of $\sim1.5$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$, followed by a relatively continuous SFR of $\sim0.2$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$, globally. In the core of the LMC (LMC bar), a secondary, distinct episode is seen, starting 3 Gyr ago and lasting until $\sim0.5$ Gyr ago. In the SMC, two formation epochs are seen, one $\sim6$ Gyr ago at a rate of $\sim0.28$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and another only $\sim0.7$ Gyr ago at a rate of $\sim0.3$ M$_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$. The latter is also discernible in the LMC and may thus be linked to the interaction between the Magellanic Clouds and/or Milky Way, while the formation of the LMC bar may have been an unrelated event. Star formation activity is concentrated in the central parts of the Magellanic Clouds now, and possibly has always been if stellar migration due to dynamical relaxation has been effective. The different initial formation epochs suggest that the LMC and SMC did not form as a pair, but at least the SMC formed in isolation.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Validating and optimising mismatch tolerance of Doppler backscattering measurements with the beam model
Creators: name: Hall-Chen, Valerian H.
name: Damba, Julius
name: Parra, Felix I.
name: Pratt, Quinn T.
name: Michael, Clive A.
name: Peng, Shi
name: Rhodes, Terry L.
name: Crocker, Neal A.
name: Hillesheim, Jon C.
name: Hong, Rongjie
name: Ni, Shikang
name: Peebles, William A.
name: Png, Ching Eng
name: Ruiz, Juan Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the beam model of Doppler backscattering (DBS), which was previously derived from beam tracing and the reciprocity theorem, to shed light on mismatch attenuation. This attenuation of the backscattered signal occurs when the wavevector of the probe beam's electric field is not in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. Correcting for this effect is important for determining the amplitude of the actual density fluctuations. Previous preliminary comparisons between the model and Mega-Ampere Spherical Tokamak (MAST) plasmas were promising. In this work, we quantitatively account for this effect on DIII-D, a conventional tokamak. We compare the predicted and measured mismatch attenuation in various DIII-D, MAST, and MAST-U plasmas, showing that the beam model is applicable in a wide variety of situations. Finally, we performed a preliminary parameter sweep and found that the mismatch tolerance can be improved by optimising the probe beam's width and curvature at launch. This is potentially a design consideration for new DBS systems.
Solution of Physics-based Bayesian Inverse Problems with Deep Generative Priors
Creators: name: Patel, Dhruv V
name: Ray, Deep
name: Oberai, Assad A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Inverse problems are ubiquitous in nature, arising in almost all areas of science and engineering ranging from geophysics and climate science to astrophysics and biomechanics. One of the central challenges in solving inverse problems is tackling their ill-posed nature. Bayesian inference provides a principled approach for overcoming this by formulating the inverse problem into a statistical framework. However, it is challenging to apply when inferring fields that have discrete representations of large dimensions (the so-called "curse of dimensionality") and/or when prior information is available only in the form of previously acquired solutions. In this work, we present a novel method for efficient and accurate Bayesian inversion using deep generative models. Specifically, we demonstrate how using the approximate distribution learned by a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) as a prior in a Bayesian update and reformulating the resulting inference problem in the low-dimensional latent space of the GAN, enables the efficient solution of large-scale Bayesian inverse problems. Our statistical framework preserves the underlying physics and is demonstrated to yield accurate results with reliable uncertainty estimates, even in the absence of information about underlying noise model, which is a significant challenge with many existing methods. We demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed method on a variety of inverse problems which include both synthetic as well as experimentally observed data.
description: Paper: 38 pages, 12 figures, 3 Tables
Knowledge organization systems and their consequences for information retrieval
Creators: name: Petras, Vivien
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: KOS
subject: Knowledge Organization systems
subject: Information Retrieval
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/PRUIHEDJ
subject: https://iskouk.org/subjects/4OX6PDD7

description: Traditionally, research on knowledge organization systems (KOS) and information retrieval discussed the relative advantages or disadvantages of using controlled vocabularies versus free-text or intellectual indexing versus automatic indexing methods for indexing and search. Experiments and case studies variously showed the superiority of either approach without reaching a final conclusion on this seemingly basic question. As full-text indexing has become more possible and now prevalent, the discussion of the relative merits of KOS – not only
 as substitute but in combination with full-text – was not settled but continued with new challenges. With the advent of the Semantic Web, KOS (now appearing as ontologies) became important tools in new information retrieval applications and were pushed once again to the research forefront. With different disciplines working in the field, the terminology around KOS has become more and more ambiguous up to the point that tracing research in the literature is difficult – ironically something that traditional KOS have always tried to mitigate.
 This paper summarizes recent discussions of the impact of KOS on information retrieval and attempts to show and unify different research strands from library science research on subject indexing, information retrieval and the Semantic Web. Whereas earlier impact studies on retrieval resulted in clearly measurable outcomes (for example changes in precision/recall), recent use of KOS in Semantic Web applications or other information systems has switched from pure search scenarios to exploration (browse) and contextualization, for which clear (and calculable) evaluation or quality standards and benchmarks do not exist.
Lyapunov exponents in $\mathbf{{\cal N}=2}$ supersymmetric Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity
Creators: name: Delgado, Ruben Campos
name: Forste, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity at finite temperature coupled to matter. The matter fields are related to superconformal primaries by AdS/CFT duality. Due to broken super reparametrisation invariance in the SCFT dual, there are corrections to superconformal correlators. These are generated by the exchange of super-Schwarzian modes which is dual to the exchange of 2D supergravity modes. We compute corrections to four-point functions for superconformal primaries and analyse the behaviour of out-of-time-ordered correlators. In particular, four-point functions of two pairs of primaries with mutually vanishing two-point functions are considered. By decomposing the corresponding supermultiplet into its components, we find different Lyapunov exponents. The value of the Lyapunov exponents depends on whether the correction is due to graviton, gravitini or graviphoton exchange. If mutual two-point functions do not vanish all components grow with maximal Lyapunov exponent.
description: 13 pages, v2: reference added
Direct evidence for the importance of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in vascular remodeling.
Creators: name: Rudic, R D
name: Shesely, E G
name: Maeda, N
name: Smithies, O
name: Segal, S S
name: Sessa, W C
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The vascular endothelium mediates the ability of blood vessels to alter their architecture in response to hemodynamic changes; however, the specific endothelial-derived factors that are responsible for vascular remodeling are poorly understood. Here we show that endothelial-derived nitric oxide (NO) is a major endothelial-derived mediator controlling vascular remodeling. In response to external carotid artery ligation, mice with targeted disruption of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene (eNOS) did not remodel their ipsilateral common carotid arteries whereas wild-type mice did. Rather, the eNOS mutant mice displayed a paradoxical increase in wall thickness accompanied by a hyperplastic response of the arterial wall. These findings demonstrate a critical role for endogenous NO as a negative regulator of vascular smooth muscle proliferation in response to a remodeling stimulus. Furthermore, our data suggests that a primary defect in the NOS/NO pathway can promote abnormal remodeling and may facilitate pathological changes in vessel wall morphology associated with complex diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
Semiclassical bounds on dynamics of two-dimensional interacting disordered fermions
Creators: name: Iwanek, Łukasz
name: Mierzejewski, Marcin
name: Polkovnikov, Anatoli
name: Sels, Dries
name: Sajna, Adam S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the truncated Wigner approximation (TWA) we study quench dynamics of two-dimensional lattice systems consisting of interacting spinless fermions with potential disorder. First, we demonstrate that the semiclassical dynamics generally relaxes faster than the full quantum dynamics. We obtain this result by comparing the semiclassical dynamics with exact diagonalization and Lanczos propagation of one-dimensional chains. Next, exploiting the TWA capabilities of simulating large lattices, we investigate how the relaxation rates depend on the dimensionality of the studied system. We show that strongly disordered one-dimensional and two-dimensional systems exhibit a transient, logarithmic-in-time relaxation, which was recently established for one-dimensional chains. Such relaxation corresponds to the infamous $1/f$-noise at strong disorder.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures
A reconstruction procedure for near horizon extensive air showers based on radio signals
Creators: name: Decoene, Valentin
name: Martineau-Huynh, Olivier
name: Tueros, Matìas
name: Chiche, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Very inclined extensive air showers (EAS), with both down-going and up-going trajectories, are particularly targeted by the next generation of extended radio arrays, such as GRAND. Methods to reconstruct the incoming direction, core position, primary energy and composition of showers with these specific geometries, remain to be developed. Towards that goal, we present a new reconstruction procedure based on the arrival times and the amplitudes of the radio signal, measured at each antenna station. This hybrid reconstruction method, harnesses the fact that the emission is observed, at the antenna level, far away from the emission region, thus allowing for a point-like emission description. Thanks to this assumption, the arrival times are modelled following a spherical wavefront emission, which offers the possibility to reconstruct the radio emission zone as a fixed point along the shower axis. From that point the amplitude distribution at the antenna level is described through an Angular Distribution Function (ADF) taking into account at once all geo-magnetic asymmetries and early late effects as well as additional signal asymmetries featured by very inclined EAS. This method shows promising results in terms of arrival direction reconstruction, within the 0.1° range, even when taking into account experimental uncertainties, and interesting potential for the energy reconstruction and primary composition identification.
description: 8 pages, ICRC2021 proceeding
Solar neutrino with Borexino: results and perspectives
Creators: name: Smirnov, O.
name: Bellini, G.
name: Benziger, J.
name: Bick, D.
name: Bonfini, G.
name: Bravo, D.
name: Caccianiga, B.
name: Calaprice, F.
name: Caminata, A.
name: Cavalcante, P.
name: Chavarria, A.
name: Chepurnov, A.
name: D'Angelo, D.
name: Davini, S.
name: Derbin, A.
name: Empl, A.
name: Etenko, A.
name: Fomenko, K.
name: Franco, D.
name: Fiorentini, G.
name: Galbiati, C.
name: Gazzana, S.
name: Ghiano, C.
name: Giammarchi, M.
name: Goeger-Neff, M.
name: Goretti, A.
name: Hagner, C.
name: Hungerford, E.
name: Ianni, Aldo
name: Ianni, Andrea
name: Kobychev, V.
name: Korablev, D.
name: Korga, G.
name: Kryn, D.
name: Laubenstein, M.
name: Lehnert, B.
name: Lewke, T.
name: Litvinovich, E.
name: Lombardi, F.
name: Lombardi, P.
name: Ludhova, L.
name: Lukyanchenko, G.
name: Machulin, I.
name: Manecki, S.
name: Maneschg, W.
name: Mantovani, F.
name: Marcocci, S.
name: Meindl, Q.
name: Meroni, E.
name: Meyer, M.
name: Miramonti, L.
name: Misiaszek, M.
name: Mosteiro, P.
name: Muratova, V.
name: Oberauer, L.
name: Obolensky, M.
name: Ortica, F.
name: Otis, K.
name: Pallavicini, M.
name: Papp, L.
name: Perasso, L.
name: Pocar, A.
name: Ranucci, G.
name: Razeto, A.
name: Re, A.
name: Ricci, B.
name: Romani, A.
name: Rossi, N.
name: Saldanha, R.
name: Salvo, C.
name: Schoenert, S.
name: Simgen, H.
name: Skorokhvatov, M.
name: Sotnikov, A.
name: Sukhotin, S.
name: Suvorov, Y.
name: Tartaglia, R.
name: Testera, G.
name: Vignaud, D.
name: Vogelaar, R. B.
name: von Feilitzsch, F.
name: Wang, H.
name: Winter, J.
name: Wojcik, M.
name: Wright, A.
name: Wurm, M.
name: Zaimidoroga, O.
name: Zavatarelli, S.
name: Zuber, K.
name: Zuzel, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Borexino is a unique detector able to perform measurement of solar neutrinos fluxes in the energy region around 1 MeV or below due to its low level of radioactive background. It was constructed at the LNGS underground laboratory with a goal of solar $^{7}$Be neutrino flux measurement with 5\% precision. The goal has been successfully achieved marking the end of the first stage of the experiment. A number of other important measurements of solar neutrino fluxes have been performed during the first stage. Recently the collaboration conducted successful liquid scintillator repurification campaign aiming to reduce main contaminants in the sub-MeV energy range. With the new levels of radiopurity Borexino can improve existing and challenge a number of new measurements including: improvement of the results on the Solar and terrestrial neutrino fluxes measurements; measurement of pp and CNO solar neutrino fluxes; search for non-standard interactions of neutrino; study of the neutrino oscillations on the short baseline with an artificial neutrino source (search for sterile neutrino) in context of SOX project.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Astro-COLIBRI: a new platform for real-time multi-messenger astrophysics
Creators: name: Schüssler, Fabian
name: Alkan, Atilla Kaan
name: Lefranc, Valentin
name: Reichherzer, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flares of known astronomical sources and new transient phenomena occur on different timescales, from sub-seconds to several days or weeks. The discovery potential of both serendipitous observations and multi-messenger and multi-wavelength follow-up observations could be maximized with a tool which allows for quickly acquiring an overview over both persistent sources as well as transient events in the relevant phase space. We here present COincidence LIBrary for Real-time Inquiry (Astro-COLIBRI), a novel and comprehensive tool for this task. Astro-COLIBRI's architecture comprises a RESTful API, a real-time database, a cloud-based alert system and a website (https://astro-colibri.com) as well as apps for iOS and Android as clients for users. The structure of Astro-COLIBRI is optimized for performance and reliability and exploits concepts such as multi-index database queries, a global content delivery network (CDN), and direct data streams from the database to the clients. Astro-COLIBRI evaluates incoming VOEvent messages of astronomical observations in real time, filters them by user-specified criteria and puts them into their MWL and MM context. The clients provide a graphical representation with an easy to grasp summary of the relevant data to allow for the fast identification of interesting phenomena and provides an assessment of observing conditions at a large selection of observatories around the world. We here summarize the key features of Astro-COLIBRI, the architecture and used data resources. We specifically provide examples for applications and use cases. Focussing on the high-energy domain, we showcase how Astro-COLIBRI facilitates the search for high-energy gamma-ray counterparts to high-energy neutrinos and scheduling of follow-up observations of a large variety of transient phenomena like gamma-ray bursts, gravitational waves, TDEs, FRBs, and others.
description: Proceedings of the 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC 2021)
Variability in Protoplanetary Nebulae: IX. Evidence for Evolution in a Decade
Creators: name: Hrivnak, Bruce J.
name: Lu, Wenxian
name: Bakke, William C.
name: Grimm, Peyton J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a new photometric V,Rc study of 12 protoplanetary nebulae, objects in the short-lived transition between the AGB and PN phases of stellar evolution. These had been the subjects of an earlier study, using data from 1994-2007, that found that all 12 varied periodically, with pulsation periods in the range of ~38 to ~150 days. They are all carbon-rich, with F-G spectral types. We combined our new (2008-2018) data with publicly-available ASAS-SN data and determined new periods for their variability. The older and newer period values were compared to investigate evidence of period change, for which there is theoretical support that it might be detectable in a decade or two in some cases. Such a detection is challenging since the light curves are complicated, with multiple periods, changing amplitudes, and evidence of shocks. Nevertheless, we found one, and possibly two, such cases, which are associated with the higher temperature stars in the sample (7250 and 8000 K). These results are most consistent with the evolution of stars at the lower end of the mass range of carbon stars, ~1.5-2 M(sun). Several of the stars show longer-term trends of increasing (six cases) or decreasing (one case) brightness, which we think most likely due to changes in the circumstellar dust opacity. There is one case of a possible ~1.8 yr period in addition to the shorter pulsation. This is interpreted as possible evidence of an orbiting companion.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures. Accepted September 16, 2022 for publication in the ApJ
Social nucleation: Group formation as a phase transition
Creators: name: Schweitzer, Frank
name: Andres, Georges
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The spontaneous formation and subsequent growth, dissolution, merger and competition of social groups bears similarities to physical phase transitions in metastable finite systems. We examine three different scenarios, percolation, spinodal decomposition and nucleation, to describe the formation of social groups of varying size and density. In our agent-based model, we use a feedback between the opinions of agents and their ability to establish links. Groups can restrict further link formation, but agents can also leave if costs exceed the group benefits. We identify the critical parameters for costs/benefits and social influence to obtain either one large group or the stable coexistence of several groups with different opinions. Analytic investigations allow to derive different critical densities that control the formation and coexistence of groups. Our novel approach sheds new light on the early stage of network growth and the emergence of large connected components.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (37 a)]
Creators: name: Nicolinus De Caualio
name: De Caualio, Simon
name: De Caualio, Bartholomeus
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1415
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Nicolinus de Caualio, wohnhaft im burgus St. Stefani in Novara, Sohn des verstorbenen Wollarbeiters Johannes de Caualio, auf der einen sowie Simon und Bartholomeus de Caualio, seine Brüder und ebenfalls Söhne des genannten Johannes, wohnhaft im burgus St. Simonis in Novara, auf der anderen Seite vollziehen eine Gütertrennung.
The neutron-capture and alpha-elements abundance ratios scatter in old stellar populations. Cosmological simulations of the stellar halo
Creators: name: Scannapieco, Cecilia
name: Cescutti, Gabriele
name: Chiappini, Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the origin of the abundance ratios and scatter of the neutron-capture elements Sr, Ba and Eu in the stellar halo of a Milky Way-mass galaxy formed in a hydrodynamical cosmological simulation, and compare them with those of $α$-elements. For this, we implement a novel treatment for chemical enrichment of Type II supernovae which considers the effects of the rotation of massive stars on the chemical yields and differential enrichment according to the life-times of progenitor stars. We find that differential enrichment has a significant impact on the early enrichment of the interstellar medium which is translated into broader element ratio distributions, particularly in the case of the oldest, most metal-poor stars. We find that the [element/Fe] ratios of the $α-$elements O, Mg and Si have systematically lower scatter compared to the neutron-capture elements ratios Sr, Ba and Eu at [Fe/H]$<-2$, which is $\sim 0.1-0.4$ dex for the former and between $\sim 0.5$ and $1$ dex for the latter. The different scatter levels found for the neutron-capture and $α$-elements is consistent with observations of old stars in the Milky Way. Our model also predicts a high scatter for the [Sr/Ba] ratio, which results from the treatment of the fast-rotating stars and the dependence of the chemical yields on the metallicity, mass and rotational velocities. Such chemical patterns appear naturally if the different ejection times associated to stars of different mass are properly described, without the need to invoke for additional mixing mechanisms or a distinct treatment of the $α-$ and neutron-capture elements.
description: MNRAS accepted
Geopolitical Implications of a Successful SETI Program
Creators: name: Wright, Jason T.
name: Haramia, Chelsea
name: Swiney, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the recent "realpolitik" analysis of Wisian & Traphagan (2020, W&T) of the potential geopolitical fallout of the success of SETI. They conclude that "passive" SETI involves an underexplored yet significant risk that, in the event of a successful, passive detection of extraterrestrial technology, state-level actors could seek to gain an information monopoly on communications with an ETI. These attempts could lead to international conflict and potentially disastrous consequences. In response to this possibility, they argue that scientists and facilities engaged in SETI should preemptively engage in significant security protocols to forestall this risk. We find several flaws in their analysis. While we do not dispute that a realpolitik response is possible, we uncover concerns with W&T's presentation of the realpolitik paradigm, and we argue that sufficient reason is not given to justify treating this potential scenario as action-guiding over other candidate geopolitical responses. Furthermore, even if one assumes that a realpolitik response is the most relevant geopolitical response, we show that it is highly unlikely that a nation could successfully monopolize communication with ETI. Instead, the real threat that the authors identify is based on the perception by state actors that an information monopoly is likely. However, as we show, this perception is based on an overly narrow contact scenario. Overall, we critique W&T's argument and resulting recommendations on technical, political, and ethical grounds. Ultimately, we find that not only are W&T's recommendations unlikely to work, they may also precipitate the very ills that they foresee. As an alternative, we recommend transparency and data sharing (which are consistent with currently accepted best practices), further development of post-detection protocols, and better education of policymakers in this space.
description: 28pp PDF. Accepted to Space Policy
Fault-tolerant breathing pattern in optical lattices as a dynamical quantum memory
Creators: name: Wang, Zhao-Ming
name: Wu, Lian-Ao
name: Modugno, Michele
name: Byrd, Mark S.
name: Yu, Ting
name: You, J. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Proposals for quantum information processing often require the development of new quantum tech- nologies. However, here we build quantum memory by ultracold atoms in one-dimensional optical lattices with existing state-of-the-art technology. Under a parabolic external field, we demonstrate that an arbitrary initial state at an end of the optical lattices can time-evolve and revive, with very high fidelity, at predictable discrete time intervals. Physically, the parabolic field, can catalyze a breathing pattern. The initial state is memorized by the pattern and can be retrieved at any of the revival time moments. In comparison with usual time-independent memory, we call this a dynamical memory. Furthermore, we show that the high fidelity of the quantum state at revival time moments is fault-tolerant against the fabrication defects and even time-dependent noise.
Molecular defects in ferrochelatase in patients with protoporphyria requiring liver transplantation.
Creators: name: Bruzzone, C
name: Bloomer, J
name: Magness, S
name: Scarlett, Y
name: Zhu, L
name: Brenner, D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Protoporphyria is a genetic disorder in which a deficiency of mitochondrial ferrochelatase activity causes accumulation of protoporphyrin that produces severe liver damage in some patients. In this study, mutations of the ferrochelatase gene were examined in eight unrelated patients who had liver transplantation. RNA was prepared from liver and/ or lymphoblasts, and specific reverse transcriptase-nested polymerase chain reactions amplified and sequenced ferrochelatase cDNAs. Products shorter than normal resulted from an exon 3 deletion in three patients, exon 10 deletion in two, exon 2 deletion in one, and deletion of five nucleotides in exon 5 in one. Sequence of normal-size products revealed no other mutations. Western blot showed a reduced quantity of normal-size ferrochelatase protein in protoporphyria liver compared with normal liver (19-51%, mean 32% of normal). Levels of the mitochondrial protein F1-ATPase beta-subunit were not decreased to a similar degree. Liver ferrochelatase activity was reduced more than could be explained by the decrease in ferrochelatase protein (4-20%, mean 9% of normal). These results establish genetic heterogeneity in the most severe phenotype of protoporphyria. However, the gene mutations found share the property of causing a major structural alteration in the ferrochelatase protein.
NFkappaB prevents apoptosis and liver dysfunction during liver regeneration.
Creators: name: Brenner, D A
name: Schoonhoven, R
name: Hellerbrand, C
name: Nishiura, T
name: Iimuro, Y
name: Grisham, J W
name: Behrns, K E
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Although NFkappaB binding activity is induced during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy, the physiological consequence of this induction is unknown. We have assessed the role of NFkappaB during liver regeneration by delivering to the liver a superrepressor of NFkappaB activity using an adenoviral vector expressing a mutated form of IkappaBalpha. This adenovirus (Ad5IkappaB) was almost exclusively expressed in the liver and inhibited NFkappaB DNA binding activity and transcriptional activity in cultured cells as well as in the liver in vivo. After partial hepatectomy, infection with Ad5IkappaB, but not a control adenovirus (Ad5LacZ), resulted in the induction of massive apoptosis and hepatocytes as demonstrated by histological staining and TUNEL analysis. In addition, infection with Ad5IkappaB but not Ad5LacZ decreased the mitotic index after partial hepatectomy. These two phenomena, increased apoptosis and failure to progress through the cell cycle, were associated with liver dysfunction in animals infected with the Ad5IkappaB but not Ad5LacZ, as demonstrated by elevated serum bilirubin and ammonia levels. Thus, the induction of NFkappaB during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy appears to be a required event to prevent apoptosis and to allow for normal cell cycle progression.
Slow diffusion is necessary to explain the gamma-ray pulsar halos
Creators: name: Bao, Li-Zhuo
name: Fang, Kun
name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Wang, Sheng-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was suggested that the $γ$-ray halo around Geminga might not be interpreted by slow-diffusion. If the ballistic regime of electron/positron propagation is considered, the Geminga halo may be explained even with a large diffusion coefficient. In this work, we examine this effect by taking the generalized Jüttner propagator as the approximate relativistic Green's function for diffusion and find that the morphology of the Geminga halo can be marginally fitted in the fast-diffusion scenario. However, the recently discovered $γ$-ray halo around PSR J0622$+$3749 at LHAASO cannot be explained by the same effect and slow diffusion is the only solution. Furthermore, both the two pulsar halos require a conversion efficiency from the pulsar spin-down energy to the high energy electrons/positrons much larger than 100\%, if they are interpreted by this ballistic transport effect. Therefore, we conclude that slow diffusion is necessary to account for the $γ$-ray halos around pulsars.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures; version accepted by APJ
Hidden jerk in universal creep and aftershocks
Creators: name: Pandey, Vikash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most materials exhibit creep memory under the action of a constant load. The memory behavior is governed by Andrade's creep law, which also has an inherent connection with the Omori-Utsu law of earthquake aftershocks. Both empirical laws lack a deterministic interpretation. Coincidentally, the Andrade law is similar to the time-varying part of the creep compliance of the fractional dashpot in anomalous viscoelastic modeling. Consequently, fractional derivatives are invoked, but since they lack a physical interpretation, the physical parameters of the two laws extracted from curve fit lack confidence. In this Letter, we establish an analogous linear physical mechanism that underlies both laws and relates its parameters with the material's macroscopic properties. Surprisingly, the explanation does not require the property of viscosity. Instead, it necessitates the existence of a rheological property that relates strain with the first order time derivative of stress, which involves jerk. Further, we justify the constant quality factor model of acoustic attenuation in complex media. The obtained results are validated in light of the established observations.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
Type III hyperlipoproteinemia and spontaneous atherosclerosis in mice resulting from gene replacement of mouse Apoe with human Apoe*2.
Creators: name: Mezdour, H
name: Maeda, N
name: Quarfordt, S H
name: Sullivan, P M
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: To study isoform-specific effects of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in vivo, we generated mice with a human APOE*2 allele in place of the mouse Apoe gene via targeted gene replacement in embryonic stem cells. Mice expressing human apoE2 (2/2) have virtually all the characteristics of type III hyperlipoproteinemia. Their plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels are both twice to three times those in (normolipidemic) mice that are expressing human apoE3 (3/3) made in an identical manner. The 2/2 mice are markedly defective in clearing beta-migrating VLDL particles, and spontaneously develop atherosclerotic plaques, even on a regular diet. An atherogenic diet, high in fat and cholesterol, exacerbates development of atherosclerosis and xanthomas in the 2/2 mice. Thus, comparisons between the 2/2 and 3/3 mice unequivocally demonstrate that a single amino acid difference (Arg158 Cys) in the apoE protein is sufficient to cause type III HLP and spontaneous atherosclerosis in mice.
Wave propagation in rotating magnetised plasmas
Creators: name: Gueroult, Renaud
name: Rax, Jean-Marcel
name: Fisch, Nathaniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave propagation properties in a medium are fundamentally affected when this medium is moving instead of at rest. In isotropic dielectric media rotation has two noteworthy contributions: one is a mechanically induced circular birefringence which materialises as a rotation of the polarisation, the other is image rotation which corresponds to a rotation of the transverse structure of a wave. Here we review the effect of rotation in a magnetised plasma. We first show that the mechanical effect of rotation on polarisation is in a magnetised plasma superimposed onto the classical Faraday rotation, and that failing to account for this new contribution could lead to errors in the interpretation of polarimetry data. We also demonstrate that image rotation is recovered in plasmas for a number of low-frequency magnetised plasma waves carrying orbital angular momentum, and that this phenomenon holds promise for the development of new rotation diagnostic tools in plasmas.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion
Temperature and Differential Emission Measure Profiles in Turbulent Solar Active Region Loops
Creators: name: Emslie, A. Gordon
name: Bradshaw, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the temperature structure of static coronal active region loops in regimes where thermal conductive transport is driven by Coulomb collisions, by turbulent scattering, or by a combination of the two. (In the last case collisional scattering dominates the heat transport at lower levels in the loop where temperatures are low and densities are high, while turbulent scattering dominates the heat transport at higher temperatures/lower densities.) Temperature profiles and their corresponding differential emission measure distributions are calculated and compared to observations, and earlier scaling laws relating the loop apex temperature and volumetric heating rate to the loop length and pressure are revisited. Results reveal very substantial changes, compared to the wholly collision-dominated case, to both the loop scaling laws and the temperature/density profiles along the loop. They also show that the well-known excess of differential emission measure at relatively low temperatures in the loop may be a consequence of for by the flatter temperature gradients (and so increased amount of material within a specified temperature range) that results from the predominance of turbulent scattering in the upper regions of the loop.
Non-gaussianity of optical emission lines in SDSS star-forming galaxies and its implications on galactic outflows
Creators: name: Yu, B. P. Brian
name: Angthopo, James
name: Ferreras, Ignacio
name: Wu, Kinwah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The shape of emission lines in the optical spectra of star-forming galaxies reveals the kinematics of the diffuse gaseous component. We analyse the shape of prominent emission lines in a sample of ~53,000 star-forming galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, focusing on departures from gaussianity. Departures from a single gaussian profile allow us to probe the motion of gas and to assess the role of outflows. The sample is divided into groups according to their stellar velocity dispersion and star formation rate. The spectra within each group are stacked to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the emission lines, to remove individual signatures, and to enhance the effect of star formation rate on the shapes of the emission lines. The moments of the emission lines, including kurtosis and skewness, are determined. We find that most of the emission lines in strong star-forming systems unequivocally feature negative kurtosis. This signature is present in H$β$, H$α$, [N II] and [S II] in massive galaxies with high star formation rates. We attribute it as evidence of radial outflows of ionised gas driven by the star formation of the galaxies. Also, most of the emission lines in low-mass systems with high star formation rates feature negative skewness, and we interpret it as evidence of dust obscuration in the galactic disk. These signatures are however absent in the [O III] line, which is believed to trace a different gas component. The observed trend is significantly stronger in face-on galaxies, indicating that star formation drives the outflows along the galactic rotation axis, presumably the path of least resistance. The data suggest that outflows driven by star formation exert accumulated impacts on the interstellar medium, and the outflow signature is more evident in older galaxies as they have experienced a longer total duration of star formation.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, Accepted for publication in PASA
Fragment Dynamics in Active Asteroid 331P/Gibbs
Creators: name: Hui, Man-To
name: Jewitt, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a dynamical analysis of the fragmented active asteroid 331P/Gibbs. Using archival images taken by the Hubble Space Telescope from 2015 to 2018, we measured the astrometry of the primary and the three brightest (presumably the largest) components. Conventional orbit determination revealed a high-degree of orbital similarity between the components. We then applied a fragmentation model to fit the astrometry, obtaining key parameters including the fragmentation epochs and separation velocities. Our best-fit models show that Fragment B separated from the primary body at a speed of $\sim$1 cm s$^{-1}$ between 2011 April and May, whereas two plausible scenarios were identified for Fragments A and C. The former split either from the primary or from Fragment B, in 2011 mid-June at a speed of $\sim$8 cm s$^{-1}$, and the latter split from Fragment B either in late 2011 or between late 2013 and early 2014, at a speed of $\sim$0.7-0.8 cm s$^{-1}$. The results are consistent with rotational disruption as the mechanism causing the cascading fragmentation of the asteroid, as suggested by the rapid rotation of the primary. The fragments constitute the youngest known asteroid cluster, providing us with a great opportunity to study asteroid fragmentation and formation of asteroid clusters.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, 4 tables. Accepted by AJ
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (117)]
Creators: name: Georgius
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1446
Subjects: subject: Sonstige geistliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Georgius de Uspinellis, praeceptor der domus und des Klosters St. Antonii Daniate im Bistum Cremona, nimmt im Namen des Humbertus, Abt dieses Klosters, die Brüder Jacominus und Ambroxius de Collis, Söhne des verstorbenen Tomasinus, wohnhaft in Sommo [con Porto] im districtus von Cremona, in das Kloster auf und alle ihre bewegliche und unbewegliche Habe entgegen.
Third-order intrinsic anomalous Hall effect with generalized semiclassical theory
Creators: name: Xiang, Longjun
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Wang, Luyang
name: Wang, Jian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The linear intrinsic anomalous Hall effect (IAHE) and second-order IAHE have been intensively investigated in time-reversal broken systems. However, as one of the important members of the nonlinear Hall family, the investigation of third-order IAHE remains absent due to the lack of an appropriate theoretical approach, although the third-order extrinsic AHE has been studied within the framework of first- and second-order semiclassical theory. Herein, we generalize the semiclassical theory for Bloch electrons under the uniform electric field up to the third-order using wavepacket method and based on which we predict that the third-order IAHE can also occur in time-reversal broken systems. Same as the second-order IAHE, we find the band geometric quantity, the second-order field-dependent Berry curvature arising from the second-order field-induced positional shift, plays a pivotal role to observe this effect. Moreover, with symmetry analysis, we find that the third-order IAHE, as the leading contribution, is supported by 15 time-reversal broken 3D magnetic point groups (MPGs), corresponding to a wide class of antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials. Guided by the symmetry arguments, a two-band model is chosen to demonstrate the generalized theory. Furthermore, the generalized third-order semiclassical theory depends only on the properties of Bloch bands, implying that it can also be employed to explore the IAHE in realistic AFM materials, by combining with first-principles calculations.
description: 1 figure
Mutual Information of Generalized Free Fields
Creators: name: Benedetti, Valentin
name: Casini, Horacio
name: Martinez, Pedro J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study generalized free fields (GFF) from the point of view of information measures. We first review conformal GFF, their holographic representation, and the ambiguities in the assignation of algebras to regions that arise in these theories. Then we study the mutual information (MI) in several geometric configurations. The MI displays unusual features at the short distance limit: a leading volume term rather than an area term, and a logarithmic term in any dimensions rather than only for even dimensions as in ordinary CFT's. We find the dependence of some subleading terms on the conformal dimension $Δ$ of the GFF. We study the long distance limit of the MI for regions with boundary in the null cone. The pinching limit of these surfaces show the GFF behaves as an interacting model from the MI point of view. The pinching exponents depend on the choice of algebra. The entanglement wedge algebra choice allows these models to ``fake'' causality, giving results consistent with its role in the description of large $N$ models.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures
A genetic model of substrate deprivation therapy for a glycosphingolipid storage disorder
Creators: name: Suzuki, Kinuko
name: Bierfreund, Uwe
name: Crawley, Jacqueline N.
name: Kawai, Hiromichi
name: Wada, Ryuichi
name: Sandhoff, Konrad
name: Araujo, Kristlyn
name: Tai, Tadashi
name: McDonald, Michael P.
name: Liu, Yujing
name: Deng, Chuxia
name: Proia, Richard L.
name: Sango, Kazunori
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Inherited defects in the degradation of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) cause a group of severe diseases known as GSL storage disorders. There are currently no effective treatments for the majority of these disorders. We have explored a new treatment paradigm, substrate deprivation therapy, by constructing a genetic model in mice. Sandhoff's disease mice, which abnormally accumulate GSLs, were bred with mice that were blocked in their synthesis of GSLs. The mice with simultaneous defects in GSL synthesis and degradation no longer accumulated GSLs, had improved neurologic function, and had a much longer life span. However, these mice eventually developed a late-onset neurologic disease because of accumulation of another class of substrate, oligosaccharides. The results support the validity of the substrate deprivation therapy and also highlight some limitations.
[Halle (Saale), Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, Morbio 6 (37 b)]
Creators: name: Nicolinus De Caualio
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1415
Subjects: subject: Sonstige weltliche Aussteller
subject: Notarsurkunde
subject: Urkunde
subject: 090

description: Nicolinus de Caualio, wohnhaft im burgus St. Stefani in Novara, Sohn des verstorbenen Wollarbeiters Johannes de Caualio, verzichtet zugunsten seiner Brüder Simon und Bartholomeus de Caualio, wohnhaft im burgus St. Simonis in Novara und ebenfalls Söhne des genannten Johannes und dessen Erben, auf bestimmte Besitzansprüche.