Cerococcus catenarius Fonseca, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Chris J. Hodgson
name: Douglas J. Williams
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cerococcidae
Cerococcus
Cerococcus catenarius

description: Cerococcus catenarius (Fonseca), comb. nov.
(Fig. 54)
Cerococcus catenarius Fonseca 1957: 123.
Cerococcus cantenarius Fonseca: Fonseca 1958: 23. Misspelling of species name.
Type details. BRAZIL, São Paulo, Pirajui, on Coffea arabica, -. vi.1954, J.P. da Fonseca. Depositories: IBSP, Brazil: syntypes, adf (IBSP, Brazil; type no. 4205). No other information. BMNH: 3/5 syntype adff. USNM: 1/1 syntype adf.
Note: Lambdin and Kosztarab (1977) state there should be 2 slides in USNM but only one was found by Miller (pers. comm.).
Material studied. Syntype ff: BRAZIL, São Paulo, Pirajui, on coffee (Coffea sp., Rubiaceae), -. iv.1954, J.P. Fonseca (BMNH): 2/3adff (fair—ex type material; note that all anal areas are extremely poor); also Estado de São (Paulo?), on coffee (Coffea sp.), June 1954, J.P. Fonseca (BMNH): 1/1adf (very poor). Also: AUSTRALIA, no other locality data, on Eucalyptus cladocalyx (Myrtaceae), 27.vii.1903, D. Clark (USNM): 4/4adff (fair to poor) (but see Comments below on the identity of this collection).
Note: the following description is made from the Brazilian ex-type material. Data for the Australian material in [...] brackets where it differs from or adds to the description.
Mounted material. Roundly pear-shaped. Body 3.7–4.0 [2.7–3.1] mm long, 3.0–3.75 [2.85–3.1] mm wide.
Dorsum. Eight-shaped pores of about 3 sizes: (i) largest 10–12 x 6.5–7.0 µm, those furthest from margin often difficult to separate from medium-sized pores; sparse in a narrow marginal band, most abundant near stigmatic pore bands; (ii) medium-sized pores, each 6.0–6.5 x 4.0–4.5 [6.5–8.5 x 5] µm, sparse throughout most of dorsum, and intermingling among larger pores near margin; absent just anterior to anal plate; tending to be largest near margin; and (iii) small pores, each about 6 x 4 [5.5–6.0 x 3.5] µm, present in a band of 13–22 [15–22] dividing each apical group into a more marginal part and an apical part; also present across posterior abdominal segments. Simple pores, each about 1.5 µm wide, extremely sparse, possibly present throughout. Cribriform plates present in 2 submedial groups of 5–7 plates on abdominal segment IV [one Australian specimen with a single plate on segment III], each plate very variable in size but mainly roundish; each 10–25 [10–35] µm wide, with a narrow sclerotized margin and very small micropores. Setae extremely sparse, but usually with 1 just anterior to apex of each group of spiracular disc-pores, each 8–10 µm long. Tubular ducts of 2 types: (i) a duct with a very broad outer ductule, each 23–27 µm long and 5 µm wide, with a much narrower inner ductule about 18 µm long; abundant medially on about abdominal segments VI–VIII, and (ii) a narrow, slightly longer, duct 1.5–2.0 µm wide, abundant throughout rest of dorsum. Anal lobes membranous except for sclerotized inner margins; each lobe of unknown length [about 75 µm], with a long apical seta, all broken; each lobe also with a pair of bullet-shaped fleshy setae, subequal in length, both about 8 µm long [one slightly larger (about 8 µm long) than other (about 6.5 µm long)] on dorsal surface near apex; other setae not visible [inner margins of each lobe with 3 slightly spinose setae, each 10–12 µm long; medioventral/ outer margin setae each 6–7 µm long; each lobe with about 4 or 5 eight-shaped pores dorsally and ventrally]. Median anal plate triangular, longer than broad, with a pointed apex; 58–60 [65] µm long and 40–55 [45–50] µm wide at base. Anal ring with 4 pairs of setae, 1 pair noticeably narrower than others; length unknown [each 65–75 µm long], each seta tending to narrow gradually towards apex.
Venter. Larger 8-shaped pores in a broad band near each spiracle [rare near margin]; medium-sized pores similar to or slightly larger than those on dorsum, each 9.5–10.5 x 6.0–6.5 [8– 9 x 4–6] µm, forming a broad band on head and thorax, extending medially well past spiracles and antennae, and in transverse bands 4–5 pores wide across abdominal segments, smallest medially. Simple pore as on dorsum, sparse. Small bilocular pores oval, each 4.0–4.5 [4–5] µm wide, present medially on head and thorax. Spiracular disc-pores small, each 3–5 [4–5] µm wide, with 5–7 loculi (many with 7 on dorsum), without an obvious group near spiracle; in a fairly narrow band about 3 pores wide extending onto dorsum, each band with a total of more than 120 pores, band barely broadening on dorsum until near apical group; posterior band bifurcated; apical group large, often with a few pores extending radially onto dorsum; each group bisected by a band of 13–22 [15–22] smaller 8-shaped pores; with a group of 30– 40 [25–35] 5-locular pores in a radial band near each antenna. Multilocular disc-pores, each 5.0–6.0 [5.5–7.0] µm wide with mostly 10 loculi, distributed in very broad bands (at least 4–7 pores wide) across segments II–VI; each band with well over 100 pores; also with 40–50 [at least 35–40] in metathorax between metathoracic leg stubs; absent from abdominal segments VIII & VII; also occasionally with single pores near pro- and mesothoracic leg stubs [not detected]. Tubular ducts similar to narrow type on dorsum; present throughout. Ventral setae slightly more abundant than on dorsum but all setose and short; length of preanal setae unknown [each 40 µm long]; length of companion setae unknown [13–15 µm long]. Anteroventral sclerotizations on anal lobes absent. Leg stubs small [only metathoracic leg stubs detected]. Antennae possibly 2 segmented, each 30–33 [30–38] µm long, with 4 or 5 fleshy setae and 2–4 thinner setae. Clypeolabral shield 165–175 µm long. Spiracular peritremes each 45–53 [50– 55] µm wide.
Comment. The adult female of C. catenarius is characterised by the following combination of characterstates: (i) anteroventral sclerotizations absent; (ii) three finely spinose setae present along inner margin of each anal lobe; (iii) dorsal fleshy setae on anal lobes bullet-shaped; (iv) posteroventral seta on each anal lobe absent; (v) dorsum with three sizes of 8-shaped pore, all quite small, larger pore restricted to near stigmatic pore bands; (vi) 8- shaped pores on dorsum randomly distributed, not in whorls or in a reticulate pattern; (vii) smallest 8-shaped pores on dorsum in a transverse band across apex of each stigmatic pore band, dividing each large apical group of spiracular disc-pores into two halves; also present on posterior abdominal segments; (viii) stigmatic pore bands with abundant spiracular disc pores, forming a large apical group that sometimes extends a short way medially; (ix) cribriform plates present in a submedial group of 5–7 on each side of abdominal segment IV; (x) leg stubs present; (xi) stigmatic pore bands bifurcated; (xii) tubular ducts of two sizes, broadest ducts restricted to medially on posterior abdominal segments, narrower ducts abundant elsewhere; (xiii) multilocular disc-pores present in broad bands across abdominal segments II–VI and medially on metathorax; (xiv) ventral 8-shaped pores extending medially well past antennae and spiracles, and (xv) antennae without either a cone-like apex or a setal cavity.
Initially, it was considered that the specimens on eucalypts from Australia could not be A. catenarius, which is only otherwise known from Argentina and Brazil on Cajanus cajan (Fabaceae), Coffea arabica (Rubiaceae) and Camellia sinensis (Theaceae). However, a comparison of the slide material from Brazil (ex type material) with that from Australia found no differences and so it is considered that the “Australian” material does belong to A. catenarius. However, it is here considered that it is most likely that these slides have had the wrong label stuck on them and therefore, whilst the specimens are indeed C. catenarius, they did not originate from Australia. Lambdin & Kosztarab (1977) also redescribed this species but their redescription differs significantly from that above. They considered that the broader tubular ducts were on the abdominal venter whereas they are clearly dorsal on all of the material seen in this study, including that from Brazil. They also make no mention of the extraordinary expansion of the stigmatic pore bands on the dorsum, nor of the band of 8-shaped pores that bisect each band. This is clear on all material. Lastly, they illustrate multilocular disc-pores as being present on some of the posterior abdominal segments, but none could be found on the specimens studied here.
In the key to adult females of Cerococcus, C. catenarius keys out close to C. koebeli from Central America.
description: Published as part of Chris J. Hodgson & Douglas J. Williams, 2016, (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha, Coccomorpha) with particular reference to species from the Afrotropical, western Palaearctic and western Oriental Regions, with the revival of Antecerococcus Green and description of a new genus and fifteen new species, and with ten new synonomies, pp. 1-175 in Zootaxa 4091 (1) on pages 156-158, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4091.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/265332