cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Oncozygia clavicornis Stal 1872
Creators: name: Rider, David A.
name: Swanson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Oncozygia
Oncozygia clavicornis

description: Oncozygia clavicornis Stål, 1872
 Distribution: United States: AL (Wheeler 1999b), FL, MS, NC (Wheeler 1999b), OK (Arnold & Drew 1988), SC, TX, VA.
 Comments: Schouteden (1905) recorded this species from Canada (British Columbia), repeated by Hart (1919), but Barber & Sailer (1953) indicated that this was probably based on a misidentification. Wheeler (1999b) studied the biology and distribution of this species.
description: Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
Solving the Fisher/KPP Evolution on the Globe
Creators: name: Loher, Amélie Justine
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/510
subject: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Fisher equation was originally intended to model the propagation of advantageous genes. We use this reaction-diffusion equation equipped with non-local boundary conditions to model the propagation of individuals across geographical maps. These boundary condition account for a non-local "diffusion" across channels. The results represent the dispersal of the Homo Sapiens across the globe. The discretisation is based on finite element methods. Moreover, the Strang splitting method is employed to cope with the diffusion and reaction term separately.
Pricing methods in outcome-based contracting: δ6: Adherence-based pricing
Creators: name: Nimer S Alkhatib
name: Slack, Marion
name: Sandipan Bhattacharjee
name: Erstad, Brian
name: Ramos, Kenneth
name: McBride, Ali
name: Abraham, Ivo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Aims: Six Delta is a six-dimensional independent platform for outcome-based pricing/contracting. The sixth dimension (δ6) estimates prices on the basis of adherence to the prescribed regimen, whereby manufacturers provide payers with adherence-enhancing programs and whereby payers implement these programs and provide adherence data to the manufacturer. We describe this dimension’s methodology and present a proof-of-concept application to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation with osimertinib. Materials and methods: We propose two paybacks based on adherence: in-advance (based on clinical trial data) and in-arrear (based on real-world data). The risk of efficacy failure pricing dimension utilizes a seven-step method: 1) defining efficacy endpoints; 2) extracting data; 3) predicting models; 4) estimating in-advance and in-arrear paybacks; 5) suggesting ranges for in-advance and in-arrear paybacks; 6) adjusting for medical inflation; and 7) performing Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to estimate the DSPAdherence. A proof-of-concept exercise with osimertinib in NSCLC was performed for two hypothetical outcome-based contracts: 1-year (2019-2020) and 2-year (2019-2021). The 2018 wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) for a 30-day prescription was used and inflated as needed. Herein, the DSPAdherence is estimated exclusively in terms of in-advance payback because real-world data about osimertinib are not yet available and thus the in-arrear payback cannot yet be estimated. Results: For the 1-year contract, the average price for osimertinib was $13,798 (SD=$1,265) and the DSPAdherence was $13,785 (or -5.69% of the 2018 WAC) for a 30-day prescription. For the 2-year contract, the average price was $12,555 (SD=$2,847) and the DSPAdherence was $12,582 (or -13.92% of the 2018 WAC). Conclusions: We demonstrated that adherence-based pricing methods can be integrated into our proposed Six Delta platform for outcome-based pricing/contracting. The proof-of-concept exercise needs to be expanded with the in-arrear pricing method based on real world data to be secured.
Introduction to nonlinear discrete systems: Theory and modeling
Creators: name: Tsoy, E. N.
name: Umarov, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analysis of discrete systems is important for understanding of various physical processes, such as excitations in crystal lattices and molecular chains, the light propagation in waveguide arrays, and the dynamics of Bose-condensate droplets. In basic physical courses, usually linear properties of discrete systems are studied. In this paper we propose a pedagogical introduction to the theory of nonlinear distributed systems. The main ideas and methods are illustrated using a universal model for different physical applications, the discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equation. We consider solutions of the DNLS equation and analyze their linear stability. The notions of nonlinear plane waves, modulational instability, discrete solitons and the anti-continuum limit are introduced and thoroughly discussed. A Mathematica program is provided for better comprehension of results and further exploration. Also, few problems, extending the topic of the paper, for independent solution are given.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, Appendix, code in Ancillary files
Hydrocarbon-degrading genes in root endophytic communities on oil sands reclamation covers
Creators: name: Mitter, Eduardo K.
name: J. Renato De Freitas
name: Germida, James J.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In response to environmental regulations, the Canadian oil sands industry aims to reclaim all disturbed areas to equivalent land capability prior to mining operations. However, tailing sands used in reclamation contain residual hydrocarbons and plants growing in these areas may rely on hydrocarbon-degrading endophytic bacteria to survive. This study assessed the hydrocarbon-degrading potential (genes: CYP153, alkB and nah) of culturable and unculturable endophytic bacteria associated with annual barley (Hordeum vulgare) and sweet clover (Melilotus albus) plants in an oil sands reclamation area. Our results suggest higher CYP153 gene copy numbers in sweet clover when compared to barley. Yet, no significant differences were detected in 16S rRNA, alkB and nah genes. In addition, total hydrocarbons, pH, total soil carbon, organic carbon and total nitrogen play an important role in determining hydrocarbon-degrading potential in these communities. The assessment of culturable hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria revealed 42 isolates (total of 316) that were positive for at least one hydrocarbon-degrading gene. Most of these isolates were positive for alkB, and closely match the database for Pantoea, Pseudomonas and Enterobacter spp. Thus, to improve oil sands reclamation strategies, plant inoculation with select hydrocarbon-degrading endophytes could be used to increase plant tolerance and hydrocarbon degradation in these areas.
Weda parvula
Creators: name: Rider, David A.
name: Swanson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Weda
Weda parvula

description: Weda parvula (Van Duzee, 1904)
 Distribution: United States: CO, UT.
 Comments: Many early workers misidentified this species; Barber & Sailer (1953) transferred most early records of this species to Amaurochrous brevitylus.
description: Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
Characterization of the Positivity of the Density Matrix in Terms of the Coherence Vector Representation
Creators: name: Byrd, Mark S.
name: Khaneja, Navin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A parameterization of the density operator, a coherence vector representation, which uses a basis of orthogonal, traceless, Hermitian matrices is discussed. Using this parameterization we find the region of permissible vectors which represent a density operator. The inequalities which specify the region are shown to involve the Casimir invariants of the group. In particular cases, this allows the determination of degeneracies in the spectrum of the operator. The identification of the Casimir invariants also provides a method of constructing quantities which are invariant under {\it local} unitary operations. Several examples are given which illustrate the constraints provided by the positivity requirements and the utility of the coherence vector parameterization.
description: significantly rewritten and submitted for publication
Searching for further evidence for cloud-cloud collisions in L1188
Creators: name: Gong, Y.
name: Tang, X. D.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Mao, R. Q.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Lee, M. -Y.
name: Zhu, W. S.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Zhang, S. B.
name: Chen, X. P.
name: Yang, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to search for further observational evidence of cloud-cloud collisions in one of the promising candidates, L1188, we carried out observations of multiple molecular lines toward the intersection region of the two nearly orthogonal filamentary molecular clouds in L1188. Based on these observations, we find two parallel filamentary structures, both of which have at least two velocity components being connected with broad bridging features. We also found a spatially complementary distribution between the two molecular clouds, as well as enhanced $^{13}$CO emission and $^{12}$CO self-absorption toward their abutting regions. At the most blueshifted velocities, we unveil a 1~pc-long arc ubiquitously showing $^{12}$CO line wings. We discover two 22 GHz water masers, which are the first maser detections in L1188. An analysis of line ratios at a linear resolution of 0.2 pc suggests that L1188 is characterised by kinetic temperatures of 13--23~K and H$_{2}$ number densities of 10$^{3}$--10$^{3.6}$ cm$^{-3}$. On the basis of previous theoretical predictions and simulations, we suggest that these observational features can be naturally explained by the scenario of a cloud-cloud collision in L1188, although an additional contribution of stellar feedback from low-mass young stellar objects cannot be ruled out.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in A&A; for the draft showing figures with full resolution, see http://gongyan2444.github.io/pdf/l1188.pdf
Additional file 1 of Relationship between glycemic intraday variations evaluated in continuous glucose monitoring and HbA1c variability in type 2 diabetes: pilot study
Creators: name: Tokutsu, Akemi
name: Okada, Yosuke
name: Torimoto, Keiichi
name: Tanaka, Yoshiya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Differences in adjusted SD HbA1c by medication use.
JNP_ERP_Supplementary_V2.docx-Figshare
Creators: name: , Lim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Information for "Frontal scalp potentials foretell perceptual choice confidence"
Additional file 1 of The burden of diarrhea, etiologies, and risk factors in India from 1990 to 2019: evidence from the global burden of disease study
Creators: name: Behera, Deepak Kumar
name: Mishra, Sanghamitra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table A1. Definition of Variables and measurement.
Weda stylata Barber & Sailer 1953
Creators: name: Rider, David A.
name: Swanson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Weda
Weda stylata

description: Weda stylata Barber & Sailer, 1953
 Distribution: United States: CA.
description: Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
A Methodology to Determine Optimal Intervention Programs for Multiple Urban Infrastructure Networks with a Consistent Representation of Service Levels
Creators: name: Adey, Bryan T.
name: Kielhauser, Clemens
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2017
Subjects: Urban Infrastructure
Networks
Optimisation
Level of Service
Maintenance

description: The determination of optimal intervention programs for municipal infrastructure networks, such as road, gas and water distribution networks is a challenging task. To find optimal intervention programs, it is necessary to take into consideration not only 1) the costs of interventions in terms of owner costs, but also 2) the potential loss of service both before, during and after the execution of the interventions, e.g. a failure due to differential loading of underground of pipes, and 3) the costs due to the loss of service when interventions are being executed, e.g. the consequences related to falls in water pressure or the consequences of a stoppage of electric current. As municipalities consist of multiple overlapping networks, it is also necessary to take into consideration that: 1) reductions in costs of intervention are possible when interventions are executed on multiple networks simultaneously, e.g. the replacement of the water and sewer pipes under one road are lower if they are done together than separately because the road only has to be opened once, and 2) interventions on one network can increase the probability of failure of another network, e.g. a backhoe can accidentally hit the water distribution pipe if it is being used to remove the soil necessary to excavate the gas pipe. In this paper, a methodology is presented that can be used to determine optimal intervention programs for multiple urban infrastructure networks simultaneously, taking into consideration these issues. Special emphasis is made on the new generic model for loss of service that can be used for all networks. The methodology is then critically discussed
and recommendations for future work are given.
Pricing methods in outcome-based contracting: δ1: Cost effectiveness analysis and cost-utility analysis-based pricing
Creators: name: Nimer S Alkhatib
name: Ramos, Kenneth
name: Erstad, Brian
name: Slack, Marion
name: McBride, Ali
name: Sandipan Bhattacharjee
name: Abraham, Ivo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Aims: Six Delta is a six-dimensional independent platform for outcome-based pricing/contracting. The first dimension (δ1) estimates prices on the basis of cost-effectiveness (CEA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA). We describe this dimension’s methodology and present a proof-of-concept application to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation with osimertinib. Materials and methods: CEA and CUA were performed using established methods. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were performed to generate cost-effectiveness acceptability curves (CEAC), specifically the PSA incremental cost-effectiveness (PSA ICER) and incremental cost-utility ratio generated CEACs (PSA ICUR). Price of treatment was estimated at three certainty levels (0%, turning point%, 100%). The marketed drug price at turning point was used to estimate prices at 0% and 100% certainty levels, as per PSA ICER and PSA ICUR-generated CEACs. The resulting prices were pooled, inflated, and simulated by Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) methods to estimate the dimension-specific price based on CEA and CUA (DSPCEA/CUA). A proof-of-concept exercise with osimertinib in NSCLC was performed for two hypothetical outcome-based contracts: 1-year (2019-2020) and 2-years (2019-2021). Results: Turning points were estimated at the 50% certainty level in both PSA ICER and ICUR-generated CEACS. At these points, the wholesale acquisition cost for osimertinib was $14,616 (30-day prescription); inflated by 0.44% for 1-year and by 0.72% for 2-year contracts. Additional prices at 0% and 100% certainty levels were quantified based on the PSA ICER and ICUR-generated CEACs. The MCS yielded a DSPCEA/CUA of $16,391 for the 1-year contract and a DSPCEA/CUA at $16,677 for the 2-year contract for a 30-day prescription. Conclusions: We demonstrated that conventional CEA and CUA methods generate price estimates at varying levels of certainty that can be integrated into our proposed Six Delta platform for outcome-based pricing/contracting.
Fiscal Expenditure and Income Gap between Urban and Rural Residents: An Empirical Study Based on Malmquist Index and Spatial Econometrics
Creators: name: Liu, Jianhui
name: Zhang, Ming
name: Zhang, Fangfang
name: Zhou, Zhibo
name: Liu, Jianhui
name: Zhang, Ming
name: Zhang, Fangfang
name: Zhou, Zhibo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Fiscal expenditure
subject: Rural-urban income gap
subject: DEA method
subject: Spatial econometrics

description: Based on the analysis methods of non-parametric Malmquist index and spatial econometrics as well as the panel data of provinces in 2007-2010, this paper estimates the efficiency of fiscal expenditure from local governments in china in terms of reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents for the first time and evaluates the spatial correlation and heterogeneity of this efficiency. The results have shown that the fiscal expenditure of most provinces has low efficiency in reducing the income gap between urban and rural residents, and the expenditure efficiency of local governments is not relevant to their levels of economic development. Besides, the efficiency on reducing the urban-rural income gap between different regions of China has a tendency of convergence. But this is mainly reflected inside the regional economic belt. There is significant difference between the efficiency of each economic belt. The central region has the highest efficiency in a rising trend, the western region has the lowest efficiency in a downward trend, while the eastern region is relatively stable.
Vaso-occlusive crises and costs of sickle cell disease in patients with commercial, Medicaid and Medicare Insurance - The perspective of private and public payers
Creators: name: Nirmish R. Shah
name: Menaka Bhor
name: Latremouille-Viau, Dominick
name: Vikash Kumar Sharma
name: Puckrein, Gary A.
name: Gagnon-Sanschagrin, Patrick
name: Ankur Khare
name: Singh, Mukesh Kumar
name: Serra, Elizabeth
name: Mikhaïl Davidson
name: Liou Xu
name: Guerin, Annie
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Aim: To characterize vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs) and describe healthcare costs among commercially-insured, Medicaid-insured, and Medicare-insured patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Materials and Methods: The IBM Truven Health MarketScan Commercial (2000-2018), Medicaid Analytic eXtract (2008–2014), and Medicare Research Identifiable Files (2012–2016) databases were used to identify patients with ≥2 SCD diagnoses. Study measures were evaluated during a 12-month follow-up period, stratified by annual number of VOCs (i.e., 0, 1, and ≥2). Results: Among 16,092 commercially-insured patients (mean age =36.7 years), 35.3% had 1+ VOCs. Mean annual total all-cause healthcare costs were $15,747, $27,194, and $64,555 for patients with 0, 1, and 2+ VOCs, respectively. Total all-cause healthcare costs were mainly driven by inpatient (0 VOC =31.0%, 1 VOC =53.1%, 2+ VOCs =65.4%) and SCD-related costs (0 VOC =56.4%, 1 VOC =78.4%, 2+ VOCs =93.9%). Among 18,287 Medicaid-insured patients (mean age =28.5 years, fee-for-service =50.2%), 63.9% had 1+ VOCs. Mean annual total all-cause healthcare costs were $16,750, $29,880, and $64,566 for patients with 0, 1, and 2+ VOCs, respectively. Inpatient costs (0 VOC =37.2%, 1 VOC =64.3%, 2+ VOCs =72.9%) and SCD-related costs (0 VOC =60.9%, 1 VOC =73.8%, 2+ VOCs =92.2%) accounted for a significant proportion of total all-cause healthcare costs. Among 15,431 Medicare-insured patients (mean age =48.2 years), 55.1% had 1+ VOCs. Mean annual total all-cause healthcare costs were $21,877, $29,250, and $58,308 for patients with 0, 1, and ≥2 VOCs, respectively. Total all-cause healthcare costs were mainly driven by inpatient (0 VOC =47.9%, 1 VOC =54.9%, 2+ VOCs =67.5%) and SCD-related costs (0 VOC =74.9%, 1 VOC =84.4%, 2+ VOCs =95.3%). Limitations: VOCs managed at home were not captured. Analyses were descriptive in an observational setting; thus, no causal relationships can be inferred. Conclusions: A high proportion of patients experienced VOCs across payers. Furthermore, inpatient and SCD-related costs accounted for a significant proportion of total all-cause healthcare costs, which increased with VOC frequency.
Probing of violation of Lorentz invariance by ultracold neutrons in the Standard Model Extension
Creators: name: Ivanov, A. N.
name: Wellenzohn, M.
name: Abele, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a dynamics of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) caused by interactions violating Lorentz invariance within the Standard Model Extension (SME) (Colladay and Kostelecky, Phys. Rev. D55, 6760 (1997) and Kostelecky, Phys. Rev. D69, 105009 (2004)). We use the effective non-relativistic potential for interactions violating Lorentz invariance derived by Kostelecky and Lane (J. Math. Phys. 40, 6245 (1999)) and calculate contributions of these interactions to the transition frequencies of transitions between quantum gravitational states of UCNs bouncing in the gravitational field of the Earth. Using the experimental sensitivity of qBounce experiments we make some estimates of upper bounds of parameters of Lorentz invariance violation in the neutron sector of the SME which can serve as a theoretical basis for an experimental analysis. We show that an experimental analysis of transition frequencies of transitions between quantum gravitational states of unpolarized and polarized UCNs should allow to place some new constraints in comparison to the results adduced by Kostelecky and Russell in Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 11 (2011); edition 2019, arXiv: 0801.0287v12 [hep-ph].
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
Interaction of Hawking radiation with static sources in deSitter and Schwarzschild-deSitter spacetimes
Creators: name: Castineiras, J.
name: Silva, I. P. Costa e
name: Matsas, G. E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study and look for similarities between the response rates $R^{\rm dS}(a_0, Λ)$ and $R^{\rm SdS}(a_0, Λ, M)$ of a static scalar source with constant proper acceleration $a_0$ interacting with a massless, conformally coupled Klein-Gordon field in (i) deSitter spacetime, in the Euclidean vacuum, which describes a thermal flux of radiation emanating from the deSitter cosmological horizon, and in (ii) Schwarzschild-deSitter spacetime, in the Gibbons-Hawking vacuum, which describes thermal fluxes of radiation emanating from both the hole and the cosmological horizons, respectively, where $Λ$ is the cosmological constant and $M$ is the black hole mass. After performing the field quantization in each of the above spacetimes, we obtain the response rates at the tree level in terms of an infinite sum of zero-energy field modes possessing all possible angular momentum quantum numbers. In the case of deSitter spacetime, this formula is worked out and a closed, analytical form is obtained. In the case of Schwarzschild-deSitter spacetime such a closed formula could not be obtained, and a numerical analysis is performed. We conclude, in particular, that $R^{\rm dS}(a_0, Λ)$ and $R^{\rm SdS}(a_0, Λ, M)$ do not coincide in general, but tend to each other when $Λ\to 0$ or $a_0 \to \infty$. Our results are also contrasted and shown to agree (in the proper limits) with related ones in the literature.
description: ReVTeX4 file, 9 pages, 5 figures
Pricing methods in outcome-based contracting: δ2: Willingness-to-pay-based pricing
Creators: name: Nimer S Alkhatib
name: Ramos, Kenneth
name: Erstad, Brian
name: Slack, Marion
name: McBride, Ali
name: Sandipan Bhattacharjee
name: Abraham, Ivo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Aims: Six Delta is a six-dimensional independent platform for outcome-based pricing/contracting. The second dimension (δ2) estimates prices on the basis of four willingness-to-pay (WTP) thresholds. We describe this dimension’s methodology and present a proof-of-concept application to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation with osimertinib. Materials and methods: Eight WTP scenarios based on four levels of real gross domestic product per capita (<1GDP/capita, 1xGDP/capita, 3xGDP/capita, and >3xGDP/capita) and two market conditions (monopolistic versus competitive) were assumed. The incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was applied to differently to both markets. In the monopolistic market, assuming no competitors, the cost/QALY ratio for a drug was used; whereas in the competitive market, assuming competitors, the incremental cost-utility ratio (ICUR) was applied. One-way sensitivity analyses were performed and predictive equations were specified to estimate the prices of treatment for the resulting eight WTP scenarios; for which subsequently the average and standard deviation were calculated. A gamma distribution was specified and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) was applied to estimate the dimension-specific price based on WTP (DSPWTP). A proof-of-concept exercise with osimertinib in NSCLC was performed for two hypothetical outcome-based contracts: 1-year (2019-2020) and 2-year (2019-2021). The 2018 wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) of $14,616 (30-day prescription) was used to estimate the DSPWTP for each contract. Results: The 1-year estimates averaged $4,654 (SD=$6,462) and the MCS yielded a DSPWTP of $4,547 or -68.89% of the 2018 WAC for a 30-day prescription. The 2-year estimates averaged $4,7667 (SD=$6,480) with the MCS generating a DSPWTP of $4,704 or -67.82% of the WAC. Conclusions: We demonstrated that WTP-based methods that include various WTP thresholds and market conditions generate price estimates across these thresholds and market conditions that can be integrated into our proposed Six Delta platform for outcome-based pricing/contracting.
Factors Influencing Food Enterprises' Implementation of ISO9000 Series Standards from the Perspective of Economy and System
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhijing
name: Wu, Xiumin
name: Zhao, Zhijing
name: Wu, Xiumin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food enterprises
subject: ISO9000 Series Standards
subject: Logit model
subject: Economic factors
subject: Institutional factors

description: Currently, the food security situation is increasingly serious, and a growing number of food companies choose to implement the internationally accepted ISO9000 Series Standards. Based on the analysis of economic rationality and system drive for food enterprises to implement ISO9000 Series Standards, we determine the economic factors and institutional factors influencing enterprises' implementation of ISO9000 Series Standards, and establish corresponding indicator system. According to survey data on 86 enterprises in Sichuan Province, we draw the following conclusion using the Logit model: enterprise age and enterprise size in economic factors, government's food safety control intensity, consumers, public and media pressure, awareness of senior managers, strategic orientation of quality safety, employees' average educational level in institutional factors, have a significant effect on enterprises' implementation of ISO9000 Series Standards. According to research results, we put forth some recommendations for promoting food enterprises to implement ISO9000 Series Standards.
Driving Forces and Development Strategies of China’s Agro-tourism
Creators: name: Wang, Ling'en
name: Cheng, Shengkui
name: Min, Qingwen
name: He, Lu
name: Wang, Ling'en
name: Cheng, Shengkui
name: Min, Qingwen
name: He, Lu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agro-tourism
subject: Driving factors
subject: Development measures

description: In recent years, agro-tourism has sprung up all over the country, and has gradually become a new form of agricultural business and a new force of tourism development. The development of agro-tourism plays an important role in enriching the agricultural industry forms, increasing farmers’ income, promoting the optimization and upgrading of rural industrial structure, and expanding the field of the tourism section. This paper firstly introduces domestic and foreign agro-tourism development and current research situations. Then it analyses the development background of China’s agro-tourism from the perspective of market demand, urbanization and transformation of rural economic structure. Based on analysis, it summarizes models of driving force of China’s agro-tourism: regional traffic driven, city driven, scenic spot driven, and monopolistic resource-driven. According to these four driving force types, development strategies are put forward: Characteristic product development for regional traffic driven model; in-depth theme development for city driven model; interactive development for scenic spot driven model; brand development for resource driven model; priority development for integrated driven model. It is expected to provide reference and guidance for healthy and sustainable development of China’s agro-tourism.
Additional file 3 of Time to early initiation of postnatal care service utilization and its predictors among women who gave births in the last 2 years in Ethiopia: a shared frailty model
Creators: name: Debie, Ayal
name: Getayeneh Antehunegn Tesema
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Model comparison and diagnostics for PNC service utilization among mothers in Ethiopia, 2016
On the design of an optimal flexible bus dispatching system with modular bus units: Using the three-dimensional Macroscopic Fundamental Diagram
Creators: name: Dakic, Igor
name: Yang, Kaidi
name: Menendez, Monica
name: Chow, Joseph Y.J.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020
Subjects: Optimal bus dispatching system
Modular bus units
Frequency setting problem
3D-MFD

description: This study proposes a novel flexible bus dispatching system where a fleet of fully automated modular bus units, together with conventional buses, serves the passenger demand. These modular bus units can either operate individually or combined (forming larger modular buses with a higher passenger capacity). This provides enormous flexibility to manage the service frequencies and vehicle allocation, reducing thereby the operating cost and improving passenger mobility. 
We develop an optimization model used to determine the optimal composition of bus units and the optimal service frequency at which the buses (both conventional and modular) are dispatched across each bus line. We explicitly account for the dynamics of traffic congestion and complex interactions between the modes at the network level based on the recently proposed three-dimensional macroscopic fundamental diagram (3D-MFD). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of the 3D-MFD and modular bus units for the frequency setting problem in the domain of bus operations. 
Numerical results show the improvements in the total system cost made by adapting the number of combined modular bus units and their dispatched frequencies to the evolution of both, the car and the passenger demand. A comparison with the commonly used approach that considers only the bus system (neglecting the complex multimodal interactions and congestion propagation) reveals the value of the proposed modeling framework.
description: SVT Working Papers
Pricing methods in outcome-based contracting: δ5: risk of efficacy failure-based pricing
Creators: name: Nimer S. Alkhatib
name: McBride, Ali
name: Sandipan Bhattacharjee
name: Ramos, Kenneth
name: Erstad, Brian
name: Slack, Marion
name: Billheimer, Dean
name: Abraham, Ivo
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Six Delta is a six-dimensional independent platform for outcome-based pricing/contracting. The fifth dimension (δ5) estimates prices on the basis of the risk of efficacy failure of a drug. We describe this dimension’s methodology and present a proof-of-concept application to the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutation with osimertinib. The risk of efficacy failure pricing dimension utilizes a seven-step method: (1) defining risk; (2) extracting data; (3) predicting models; (4) performing Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to estimate risk of efficacy failure; 5) estimating ranges for a payback; (6) adjusting for medical inflation; and (7) performing Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) to estimate the DSPRisk of efficacy failure. A proof-of-concept exercise with osimertinib in NSCLC was performed for two hypothetical outcome-based contracts: 1-year (2019–2020) and 2-year (2019–2021). We estimated the risk of efficacy failure for osimertinib in terms of overall and progression-free survival versus standard of care. We used the estimated risk to estimate the price reduction on the wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) for the two hypothetical contracts: a 1-year (2019–2020) and 2-year contract (2019–2021). From this we estimated the DSPRisk of efficacy failure. Based on the risk of OS and PFS efficacy failure for osimertinib in OS and PFS, in the 1-year contract, the DSPRisk of efficacy failure was estimated at $12,652 (or −13.44% the 2018 WAC) for a 30-day prescription. For the 2-year contract (2019–2021), the DSPRisk of efficacy failure was estimated at $13,019 (or −10.93% the 2018 WAC). We demonstrated that pricing methods based on risk of efficacy failure methods can be integrated into our proposed Six Delta platform for outcome-based pricing/contracting.
Study and Practice of Forest-bathing field in Japan
Creators: name: Zheng, Qunming
name: Yang, Xiaoya
name: Zheng, Qunming
name: Yang, Xiaoya
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Forest tourism for health care reason， Forest-bathing field， Forest therapist

description: Japan has made remarkable achievements in the study and development of forest tourism for health care reason. Through the comprehensive investigation into the development of forest-bathing field in Japan, this paper studied the forest tourism for health care factor in Japan and concluded the evaluation standard and construction of forest-bathing field, as well as personnel training. In the end, some suggestions were proposed for the study and development of forest tourism for health care factor in Asia.
Coulomb Blockade Effects in a Topological Insulator Grown on a High-Tc Cuprate Superconductor
Creators: name: Rachmilowitz, Bryan
name: Zhao, He
name: Ren, Zheng
name: Li, Hong
name: Thomas, Konrad H.
name: Marangola, John
name: Gao, Shang
name: Schneeloch, John
name: Zhong, Ruidan
name: Gu, Genda
name: Flindt, Christian
name: Zeljkovic, Ilija
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The evidence for proximity-induced superconductivity in heterostructures of topological insulators and high-Tc cuprates has been intensely debated. We use molecular beam epitaxy to grow thin films of topological insulator Bi2Te3 on a cuprate Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x, and study the surface of Bi2Te3 using low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. In few unit-cell thick Bi2Te3 films, we find a V-shaped gap-like feature at the Fermi energy in dI/dV spectra. By reducing the coverage of Bi2Te3 films to create nanoscale islands, we discover that this spectral feature dramatically evolves into a much larger hard gap, which can be understood as a Coulomb blockade gap. This conclusion is supported by the evolution of dI/dV spectra with the lateral size of Bi2Te3 islands, as well as by topographic measurements that show an additional barrier separating Bi2Te3 and Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x. We conclude that the prominent gap-like feature in dI/dV spectra in Bi2Te3 films is not a proximity-induced superconducting gap. Instead, it can be explained by Coulomb blockade effects, which take into account additional resistive and capacitive coupling at the interface. Our experiments provide a fresh insight into the tunneling measurements of complex heterostructures with buried interfaces.
Weda tumidifrons Barber & Sailer 1953
Creators: name: Rider, David A.
name: Swanson, Daniel R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Weda
Weda tumidifrons

description: Weda tumidifrons Barber & Sailer, 1953
 Distribution: United States: CO, TX.
description: Published as part of Rider, David A. & Swanson, Daniel R., 2021, A distributional synopsis of the Pentatomidae (Heteroptera) north of Mexico, including new state and provincial records, pp. 1-69 in Zootaxa 5015 (1) on page 48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5015.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5159085
Public perceptions of non-native plant species on a Chilean sub-Antarctic island
Creators: name: Crête, Gaëlle
name: Herrmann, Thora Martina
name: Fortin, Cloé
name: Schüttler, Elke
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Humans are the main drivers of the introduction, establishment and spread of non-native species worldwide but they have traditionally been excluded from management. Nowadays, the social component of non-native species is increasingly considered. In this paper, we investigated understanding, perceptions and attitudes towards management of non-native herbaceous plant species on Navarino, a remote Chilean sub-Antarctic island. Overall, our study showed a general understanding of the non-native species concept among the interviewees but revealed a lack of consciousness regarding non-native plants species in the local context. Interestingly, our study also revealed many positive values associated with non-native plants species on Navarino, particularly the esthetic value. Whilst some non-native plants were strictly associated with positive values, such as common daisy (Bellis perennis) and white clover (Trifolium repens), most species were associated with conflicting values. As a key result, our study lastly showed that most interviewees were indifferent about the management of the non-native herbaceous plant species. We, therefore, suggest (i) increasing the awareness of stakeholders with respect to non-native plants, (ii) incorporating stakeholder’s values into future management decisions and (iii) considering the strategic location of Navarino Island as a potential stepping stone for the dispersion of non-native plants species towards the Antarctic.
Landau damping in trapped Bose-condensed gases
Creators: name: Jackson, B.
name: Zaremba, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Landau damping in dilute Bose-Einstein condensed gases in both spherical and prolate ellipsoidal harmonic traps. We solve the Bogoliubov equations for the mode spectrum in both of these cases, and calculate the damping by summing over transitions between excited quasiparticle states. The results for the spherical case are compared to those obtained in the Hartree-Fock approximation, where the excitations take on a single-particle character, and excellent agreement between the two approaches is found. We have also taken the semiclassical limit of the Hartree-Fock approximation and obtain a novel expression for the Landau damping rate involving the time dependent self-diffusion function of the thermal cloud. As a final approach, we study the decay of a condensate mode by making use of dynamical simulations in which both the condensate and thermal cloud are evolved explicitly as a function of time. A detailed comparison of all these methods over a wide range of sample sizes and trap geometries is presented.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures, submitted to the New Journal of Physics focus issue on Quantum Gases
Impact of Soil Erosion on Rural Poverty
Creators: name: Lu, Jiangyong
name: Chen, Gong
name: Lu, Jiangyong
name: Chen, Gong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Soil erosion
subject: Rural areas
subject: Poverty incidence
subject: C-D production function

description: This article gives an overview of the general situation and regional differences of rural poverty in China, and points out that in the rural areas of central and western regions with serious soil erosion, the poverty is particularly prominent. Based on previous studies, we take agricultural GDP as the dependent variable, farmland area, agricultural labor, agricultural capital stock, irrigation area, and consumption of chemical fertilizer as the independent variables, to establish the CD production function reflecting impact of soil erosion on rural poverty for regression analysis. The results show that farmland, labor, capital, irrigation, chemical fertilizer and other production factors have a positive effect on agricultural GDP; soil erosion has a significant negative effect on agricultural production; in western China, the total factor productivity is the lowest and soil erosion is the most serious. In order to resolve the dilemma of soil erosion and rural poverty, it is necessary to change the extensive mode of agricultural development, protect the ecological environment, and take the road of intensive development of agro-ecology.
Neutral Hydrogen Observations of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies around M101 and NGC 5485
Creators: name: Karunakaran, Ananthan
name: Spekkens, Kristine
name: Bennet, Paul
name: Sand, David J.
name: Crnojevic, Denija
name: Zaritsky, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present atomic hydrogen (HI) observations using the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope along the lines-of-sight to 27 low surface brightness (LSB) dwarf galaxy candidates discovered in optical searches around M101. We detect HI reservoirs in 5 targets and place stringent upper limits on the remaining 22, implying that they are gas poor. The distances to our HI detections range from 7 Mpc --150 Mpc, demonstrating the utility of wide-bandpass HI observations as a follow-up tool. The systemic velocities of 3 detections are consistent with that of the NGC~5485 group behind M101, and we suggest that our 15 non-detections with lower distance limits from the optical are associated with and have been stripped by that group. We find that the gas richnesses of confirmed M101 satellites are broadly consistent with those of the Milky Way satellites, as well as with those of satellites around other hosts of comparable mass, when survey completeness is taken into account. This suggests that satellite quenching and gas stripping proceeds similarly around halos of similar mass, in line with theoretical expectations.
description: 6 Figures, 3 Tables, Accepted for publication in AJ
Mirages, anti-mirages, and further surprises in quantum corrals with non-magnetic impurities
Creators: name: Schmid, Markus
name: Kampf, Arno P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the local density of states (LDOS) for non-interacting electrons in a hard wall ellipse in the presence of a single non-magnetic scattering center. Using a T-matrix analysis we calculate the local Green's function and observe a variety of quantum mirage effects for different impurity positions. Locating the impurity near positions with LDOS maxima for the impurity free corral can either lead to a reduction or an enhancement of the LDOS at the mirror image point, i.e. a mirage or anti-mirage effect, or even suppress LDOS maxima in the entire area of the corral.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Supplementary Information For "Frontal scalp potentials foretell perceptual choice confidence"
Creators: name: , Lim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 110999 Neurosciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Information for "Frontal scalp potentials foretell perceptual choice confidence"