<b>STUDIES ON TANNIN EXTRACT, FROM CAESALPINIA CORIARIA AND ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALIS, USING DIFFERENT EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC QUANTIFICATION</b>
Creators: name: Kumar Bompalli, Lenin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310601
subject: Biocatalysis and enzyme technology
classificationCode: 310602
subject: Bioprocessing, bioproduction and bioproducts
classificationCode: 310603
subject: Fermentation
classificationCode: 310604
subject: Industrial biotechnology diagnostics (incl. biosensors)

description: Studies on tannin extract from <i>Caesalpinia coriaria</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentalis</i>, using different extraction techniques and spectrophotometric quantification, focus on exploring the methods of extracting tannins from these plant sources and quantifying their content through spectroscopic analysis. Here’s a detailed description of the process and its components:<b>1. Plant Sources:</b><b>Caesalpinia coriaria (Divi-divi):</b> This plant is known for its high tannin content in its pods and seeds, commonly found in tropical regions.<b>Anacardium occidentalis (Cashew):</b> Tannins are abundant in the husk and shell of cashew nuts, which are typically discarded as waste in the cashew processing industry.<b>2. Extraction Techniques:</b><b>Solvent Extraction:</b> This method involves using solvents such as water, ethanol, or mixtures thereof to extract tannins from the plant material. Different solvent combinations and extraction times can affect the yield and quality of extracted tannins.<b>Solid-Liquid Extraction:</b> Involves soaking the plant material in a solvent to facilitate the release of tannins into the solvent phase.<b>Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction:</b> Utilizes ultrasound waves to enhance the extraction efficiency by disrupting cell walls and improving solvent penetration.<b>Microwave-Assisted Extraction:</b> Involves applying microwave energy to the solvent and plant material mixture to accelerate the extraction process.<b>3. Spectrophotometric Quantification:</b><b>Principle:</b> Spectrophotometric methods, such as UV-Vis spectrophotometry, are employed to quantify the concentration of tannins in the extracts based on their absorption characteristics at specific wavelengths.<b>Standard Curve:</b> A calibration curve is prepared using known concentrations of standard tannin solutions to correlate absorbance values with tannin concentrations in the extracts.<b>Measurement:</b> Extracts are diluted appropriately, and their absorbance is measured at characteristic wavelengths (often around 280 nm for tannins) using a spectrophotometer.<b>Calculation:</b> Tannin concentrations in the extracts are determined based on the absorbance values and the calibration curve, providing quantitative data on tannin content.<b>4. Comparative Studies:</b><b>Extraction Efficiency:</b> Different extraction techniques are compared in terms of yield (amount of tannin extracted per gram of plant material), extraction time, and energy consumption.<b>Tannin Content:</b> Quantitative analysis reveals differences in tannin content between <i>Caesalpinia coriaria</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentalis</i>, as well as variations based on extraction technique.<b>Optimization:</b> Parameters such as solvent type, extraction temperature, and time are optimized to maximize tannin yield and quality.<b>5. Applications and Significance:</b><b>Food and Beverage Industry:</b> Tannins extracted from these plants can be used as natural additives for flavor enhancement and stabilization in food and beverages.<b>Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Industries:</b> Tannins have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, making them suitable for use in pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic products.<b>Environmental Impact:</b> Utilization of tannins from plant waste contributes to sustainability by reducing waste and utilizing renewable resources.In conclusion, studies on tannin extract from <i>Caesalpinia coriaria</i> and <i>Anacardium occidentalis</i> using different extraction techniques and spectrophotometric quantification provide insights into optimizing tannin extraction processes and understanding their potential applications in various industries