cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strongly correlated superconductivity
Creators: name: Tremblay, A. -M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Band theory and BCS theory are arguably the most successful theories of condensed matter physics. Yet, in a number of materials, in particular the high-temperature superconductors and the layered organic superconductors, they fail. In these lecture notes for an international school, I emphasize that even though the low energy properties of a phase of matter are generally emergent and entirely determined by the broken symmetry, there are many differences between a strongly correlated and a weakly correlated state of matter. For example, spin waves are an emergent property for antiferromagnets, but for weak correlations the normal phase of a (Slater) antiferromagnet is metallic, whereas it is insulating (Heisenberg) for strong correlations. As a function of interaction strength, above the antiferromagnetic phase, the crossover between a metal and a local moment paramagnetic insulator is described by the Mott transition, whose mean-field theory down to T=0 is best formulated with dynamical mean-field theory. A similar situation occurs for superconductors: despite similar emergent properties, there are many differences between both kinds of superconductors. Experimental evidence suggests that hole-doped cuprates are strongly correlated whereas the correlations are weaker in the electron-doped case, especially near optimal doping. Evidence for a pseudogap arising from antiferromagnetic fluctuations is strong in the latter case, whereas in the hole-doped case the pseudogap temperature appears as a consequence of Mott physics. In cluster dynamical mean-field theory, the pseudogap line T* is a Widom line arising from a T=0 first-order transition that terminates at a finite T critical point. Strongly correlated superconductors are much more resilient to near-neighbor repulsion than their weakly correlated counterpart. Many different methods to attack these problems theoretically are described.
description: These lecture notes were completed in early July 2013 for the "Autumn School on Correlated Electrons: Emergent Phenomena in Correlated Matter September 23-27, 2013, Forschungszentrum J\"ulich, Germany". The book is freely available in pdf on the internet. ISBN 978-3-89336-884-6
First Principles Investigations of the Atomic, Electronic, and Thermoelectric Properties of Equilibrium and Strained Bi2Se3 & Bi2Te3, with van der Waals Interactions
Creators: name: Luo, Xin
name: Sullivan, Michael B.
name: Quek, Su Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 are layered compounds of technological importance, being excellent thermoelectric materials as well as topological insulators. We report density functional theory calculations of the atomic, electronic and thermoelectric properties of strained bulk and thin film Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3, focusing on an appropriate description of van der Waals interactions. The calculations show that the van der Waals Density functional with Cooper's exchange can reproduce closely the experimental interlayer distances in unstrained Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3. Interestingly, we predict atomic structures that are in much better agreement with the experimentally determined structure from Nakajima than that obtained from Wyckoff, especially for Bi2Se3 where the difference in atomic structures qualitatively changes the electronic band structure. The band structure obtained using the Nakajima structure, and the theoretically optimized structure, are in much better agreement with previous reports of photoemission measurements, than that obtained using the Wyckoff structure. Fully optimizing atomic structures of bulk and thin film Bi2Se3 and Bi2Te3 under different in-plane and uniaxial strains, we predict that the electronic band gap of both the bulk materials and thin films decreases with tensile in-plane strain and increases with compressive in-plane strain. We also predict, using the semiclassical Boltzmann approach, that the magnitude of the n-type Seebeck coefficient of Bi2Te3 can be increased by the compressive in-plane strain, while that of Bi2Se3 can be increased with tensile in-plane strain. Further, the in-plane power factor of n-doped Bi2Se3 can be increased with compressive uniaxial strain, while that of n-doped Bi2Te3 can be increased by compressive in-plane strain. ...
description: Please see manuscript for full abstract. Published in PRB - http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.86.184111
Nested Head-Tail Vlasov Solver
Creators: name: Burov, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nested Head-Tail (NHT) is a Mathematica-based Vlasov solver for transverse oscillations in multi-bunch beams. It takes into account azimuthal, radial, coupled-bunch and beam-beam degrees of freedom, single- and inter-bunch dipole wakes, an arbitrary damper, beam-beam effects and Landau damping.
description: 11 pages, 16 figures, 27 references
Diagnosing Expertise: A Two Factor Model of Physician Skill
Creators: name: Currie, Janet M.
name: MacLeod, W. Bentley
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Health services administration
Medical care

description: This paper develops and applies a model in which doctors have two dimensions of skill: diagnostic skill and skill performing procedures. Higher procedural skill increases the use of intensive procedures across the board, while better diagnostic skill results in fewer intensive procedures for the low risk, but more for the high risk. Deriving empirical analogues to our theoretical measures for the case of C- section, we show that poor diagnosticians can be identified in the data and that improving diagnostic skill would reduce C-section rates by 15.5% in the bottom half of the risk distribution, and increase them by 5.5% in the top half. Such an change in the allocation of procedures would improve birth outcomes among all women.
Scrape-off layer ion temperature measurements at the divertor target in MAST by retarding field energy analyser
Creators: name: Elmore, S.
name: Allan, S. Y.
name: Kirk, A.
name: Thornton, A. J.
name: Harrison, J. R.
name: Tamain, P.
name: Kocan, M.
name: Bradley, J. W.
name: Team, MAST
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Knowledge of the ion temperature (Ti) is of key importance for determining heat fluxes to the divertor and plasma facing components, however data regarding this is limited compared to electron temperature (Te) data. Ti measurements at the divertor target, between edge-localised modes (inter-ELM) H-mode, have been made using a novel retarding field energy analyser (RFEA).
description: 17 pages, 6 figures
Land cover change interacts with drought severity to change fire regimes in Western Amazonia
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Vélez, Victor Hugo
name: Uriarte, Maria
name: DeFries, Ruth S.
name: Pinedo-Vasquez, Miguel Angel
name: De Avila Fernandes, Katia
name: Ceccato, Pietro N.
name: Baethgen, Walter E.
name: Padoch, Christine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Wildfires--Environmental aspects
subject: Clearing of land--Environmental aspects
subject: Deforestation--Environmental aspects
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Fire is becoming a pervasive driver of environmental change in Amazonia and is expected to intensify, given projected reductions in precipitation and forest cover. Understanding of the influence of post-deforestation land cover change on fires in Amazonia is limited, even though fires in cleared lands constitute a threat for ecosystems, agriculture, and human health. We used MODIS satellite data to map burned areas annually between 2001 and 2010. We then combined these maps with land cover and climate information to understand the influence of land cover change in cleared lands and dry-season severity on fire occurrence and spread in a focus area in the Peruvian Amazon. Fire occurrence, quantified as the probability of burning of individual 232-m spatial resolution MODIS pixels, was modeled as a function of the area of land cover types within each pixel, drought severity, and distance to roads. Fire spread, quantified as the number of pixels burned in 3 × 3 pixel windows around each focal burned pixel, was modeled as a function of land cover configuration and area, dry-season severity, and distance to roads. We found that vegetation regrowth and oil palm expansion are significantly correlated with fire occurrence, but that the magnitude and sign of the correlation depend on drought severity, successional stage of regrowing vegetation, and oil palm age. Burning probability increased with the area of nondegraded pastures, fallow, and young oil palm and decreased with larger extents of degraded pastures, secondary forests, and adult oil palm plantations. Drought severity had the strongest influence on fire occurrence, overriding the effectiveness of secondary forests, but not of adult plantations, to reduce fire occurrence in severely dry years. Overall, irregular and scattered land cover patches reduced fire spread but irregular and dispersed fallows and secondary forests increased fire spread during dry years. Results underscore the importance of land cover management for reducing fire proliferation in this landscape. Incentives for promoting natural regeneration and perennial crops in cleared lands might help to reduce fire risk if those areas are protected against burning in early stages of development and during severely dry years.
HIV testing and care in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda: ethics on the ground
Creators: name: Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf
name: Bott, Sarah
name: Bayer, Ronald
name: Desclaux, Alice
name: Baggaley, Rachel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Public health

description: Background: The ethical discourse about HIV testing has undergone a profound transformation in recent years. The greater availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART) has led to a global scaling up of HIV testing and counseling as a gateway to prevention, treatment and care. In response, critics raised important ethical questions, including: How do different testing policies and practices undermine or strengthen informed consent and medical confidentiality? How well do different modalities of testing provide benefits that outweigh risks of harm? To what degree do current testing policies and programs provide equitable access to HIV services? And finally, what lessons have been learned from the field about how to improve the delivery of HIV services to achieve public health objectives and protections for human rights? This article reviews the empirical evidence that has emerged to answer these questions, from four sub-Saharan African countries, namely: Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda. Discussion: Expanding access to treatment and prevention in these four countries has made the biomedical benefits of HIV testing increasingly clear. But serious challenges remain with regard to protecting human rights, informed consent and ensuring linkages to care. Policy makers and practitioners are grappling with difficult ethical issues, including how to protect confidentiality, how to strengthen linkages to care, and how to provide equitable access to services, especially for most at risk populations, including men who have sex with men. Summary: The most salient policy questions about HIV testing in these countries no longer address whether to scale up routine PITC (and other strategies), but how. Instead, individuals, health care providers and policy makers are struggling with a host of difficult ethical questions about how to protect rights, maximize benefits, and mitigate risks in the face of resource scarcity.
Effective viscosity of non-gravitactic Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii microswimmer suspensions
Creators: name: Mussler, Matthias
name: Rafai, Salima
name: Peyla, Philippe
name: Wagner, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Active microswimmers are known to affect the macroscopic viscosity of suspensions in a more complex manner than passive particles. For puller-like microswimmers an increase in the viscosity has been observed. It has been suggested that the persistence of the orientation of the microswimmers hinders the rotation that is normally caused by the vorticity. It was previously shown that some sorts of algaes are bottom-heavy swimmers, i.e. their centre of mass is not located in the centre of the body. In this way, the algae affects the vorticity of the flow when it is perpendicular oriented to the axis of gravity. This orientation of gravity to vorticity is given in a rheometer that is equipped with a cone-plate geometry. Here we present measurements of the viscosity both in a cone-plate and a Taylor-Couette cell. The two set-ups yielded the same increase in viscosity although the axis of gravitation in the Taylor-Couette cell is parallel to the direction of vorticity. In a complementary experiment we tested the orientation of the direction of swimming through microscopic observation of single \textit{Chlamydomonas reinhardtii} and could not identify a preferred orientation, i. e. our specific strain of \textit{Chlamydomonas reinhardtii} are not bottom-heavy swimmers. We thus conclude that bottom heaviness is not a prerequisite for the increase of viscosity and that the effect of gravity on the rheology of our strain of \textit{Chlamydomonas reinhardtii} is negligible. This finding reopens the question of whether origin of persistence in the orientation of cells is actually responsible for the increased viscosity of the suspension.
The Wind of Variable C in M33
Creators: name: Humphreys, Roberta M.
name: Davidson, Kris
name: Gordon, Michael
name: Weis, Kerstin
name: Burggraf, Birgitta
name: Bomans, D. J.
name: Martin, John C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the spectrum of Var C in M33 obtained just before the onset of its current brightening and recent spectra during its present "eruption" or optically thick wind stage. These spectra illustrate the typical LBV transition in apparent spectral type or temperature that characterizes the classical LBV or S Dor-type variability. LBVs are known to have slow, dense winds during their maximum phase. Interestingly, Var C had a slow wind even during its hot, quiescent stage in comparison with the normal hot supergiants with similar temperatures. Its outflow or wind speeds also show very little change between these two states.
Paramagnetic Collective Electronic Mode and Low Temperature Hybrid Modes in the Far Infrared Dynamics of Orthorhombic NdMnO3
Creators: name: del Campo, Néstor E. Massa. Leire
name: Meneses, Domingos De Sousa
name: Echegut, Patrick
name: Martínez-Lope, María Jesús
name: Alonso, José Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on far- and mid-infrared reflectivity of NdMnO3 from 4 K to 300K. Two main features are distinguished in the infrared spectra: active phonons in agreement with the expected for orthorhombic D2h 16-Pbnm (Z=4) space group remaining constant down to 4 K and a well-defined collective excitation in the THz region due to eg electrons in a d-orbital fluctuating environment. We trace its origin to the NdMnO3 high temperature orbital disordered intermediate phase not being totally dynamically quenched at lower temperatures. This results in minute orbital misalignments that translate in randomize non-static eg electrons within orbitals yielding a room temperature collective excitation. Below TN~78 K, electrons gradually localize inducing long-range magnetic order as the THz band condenses into two modes that emerge pinned to the A-type antiferromagmetic order. They harden simultaneously down to 4 K obeying power laws with TN as the critical temperature and exponents β~0.25 and β~0.53, as for a tri-critical point and Landau magnetic ordering, respectively. At 4K they match known zone center spin wave modes. The power law dependence is concomitant with a second order transition in which spin modes modulate orbital instabilities in a magnetoelectric hybridized orbital/charge/spin/lattice scenario. We also found that phonon profiles also undergo strong changes at TN~78 K due to magnetoelasticity.
description: 40 pages with 8 figures
euCanSHare. Deliverable D4.1 - Opal software integration to euCanSHare
Creators: name: Fortier, Isabel
name: Koleva, Sofiya
name: Schmidt, Carsten-Oliver
name: Rambla De Argila, Jordi
name: Kuulasmaa, Kari
name: Haukijärvi, Ari
name: Niiranen, Teemu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: euCanSHare, software integration

description: euCanSHare deliverable D4.1 reporting on the opal software integration to euCanSHare Executive Summary: In order to support the data harmonization process to be achieved within euCanSHare as well as proper documentation of the harmonized datasets generated, it is essential to implement a data and metadata documentation, processing and management system. The OBiBa software suite (Opal, Mica and Agate) and harmonization and cataloguing resources (harmonization guidelines and metadata standards) developed by Maelstrom Research are used as key elements of the EuCanSHare system. OBiBa software infrastructures are implemented in Spain, Finland, Germany and Canada to form the EuCanSHare harmonization platform. The platform will be pilot tested in 2019-2020 and, where required, the software will be customized to serve the evolving needs of EuCanSHare. The deliverable is a software and this report is the written description and presentation of the software and its implementation in different environments to support EuCanSHare activities.
description: This deliverable has been produced in the context of the euCanSHare ("An EU-Canada joint infrastructure for next-generation multi-Study Heart research") Research and Innovation Action, funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 programme (grant agreement No 825903), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and the Fonds de recherche du Québec – Santé under the framework of Canada‐EU Commission Flagship Collaboration for Human data storage, integration and sharing.
Imaging receptor for advanced glycation end product expression in mouse model of hind limb ischemia
Creators: name: Zhang, Geping
name: Schmidt, Anne Marie
name: Johnson, Lynne L.
name: Tekabe, Yared
name: Kollaros, Maria
name: Li, Chong
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Diagnostic imaging
Molecular biology

description: Background: The purpose of this study is to image the effect of diabetes on expression of receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) in limb ischemia in live animals. Methods: Male wild-type C57BL/6 mice were either made diabetic or left as control. Two months later, diabetic and non-diabetic mice underwent left femoral artery ligation. The right leg served as lesion control. Five days later, mice were injected with 15.1 ± 4.4 MBq 99mTc-anti-RAGE F(ab’)2 and 4 to 5 h later (blood pool clearance) underwent SPECT/CT imaging. At the completion of imaging, mice were euthanized, hind limbs counted and sectioned, and scans reconstructed. Regions of interest were drawn on serial transverse sections comprising the hind limbs and activity in millicuries summed and divided by the injected dose (ID). Quantitative histology was performed for RAGE staining and angiogenesis. Results: Uptake of 99mTc-anti-RAGE F(ab')2 as %ID × 10−3 was higher in the left (ischemic) limbs for the diabetic mice (n = 8) compared to non-diabetic mice (n = 8) (1.20 ± 0.44% vs. 0.49 ± 0.40%; P = 0.0007) and corresponded to less angiogenesis in the diabetic mice. Uptake was also higher in the right limbs of diabetic compared to non-diabetic animals (0.82 ± 0.33% vs. 0.40 ± 0.14%; P = 0.0004). Conclusions: These data show the feasibility of imaging and quantifying the effect of diabetes on RAGE expression in limb ischemia.
PCAE: A Framework of Plug-in Conditional Auto-Encoder for Controllable Text Generation
Creators: name: Tu, Haoqin
name: Yang, Zhongliang
name: Yang, Jinshuai
name: Zhang, Siyu
name: Huang, Yongfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Controllable text generation has taken a gigantic step forward these days. Yet existing methods are either constrained in a one-off pattern or not efficient enough for receiving multiple conditions at every generation stage. We propose a model-agnostic framework Plug-in Conditional Auto-Encoder for Controllable Text Generation (PCAE) towards flexible and semi-supervised text generation. Our framework is "plug-and-play" with partial parameters to be fine-tuned in the pre-trained model (less than a half). Crucial to the success of PCAE is the proposed broadcasting label fusion network for navigating the global latent code to a specified local and confined space. Visualization of the local latent prior well confirms the primary devotion in hidden space of the proposed model. Moreover, extensive experiments across five related generation tasks (from 2 conditions up to 10 conditions) on both RNN- based and pre-trained BART [26] based auto-encoders reveal the high capability of PCAE, which enables generation that is highly manipulable, syntactically diverse and time-saving with minimum labeled samples. We will release our code at https://github.com/ImKeTT/pcae.
description: Knowledge-Based Systems
Central Limit Theorems in Deterministic Systems
Creators: name: Wang, Yuwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is a note on some results of the central limit theorem for deterministic dynamical systems. First, we give the central limit theorem for martingales, which is a main tool. Then we give the main results on the central limit theorem in dynamic system in the cases of martingale and backward martingale
description: 15 pages
Linear Response Theory for the Density Matrix Renormalization Group: Efficient Algorithms for Strongly Correlated Excited States
Creators: name: Nakatani, Naoki
name: Wouters, Sebastian
name: Van Neck, Dimitri
name: Chan, Garnet Kin-Lic
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear response theory for the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG-LRT) was first presented in terms of the DMRG renormalization projectors [Dorando et al., J. Chem. Phys. 130, 184111 (2009)]. Later, with an understanding of the manifold structure of the matrix product state (MPS) ansatz, which lies at the basis of the DMRG algorithm, a way was found to construct the linear response space for general choices of the MPS gauge in terms of the tangent space vectors [Haegeman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 070601 (2011)]. These two developments led to the formulation of the Tamm-Dancoff and random phase approximations (TDA and RPA) for MPS. This work describes how these LRTs may be efficiently implemented through minor modifications of the DMRG sweep algorithm, at a computational cost which scales the same as the ground-state DMRG algorithm. In fact, the mixed canonical MPS form implicit to the DMRG sweep is essential for efficient implementation of the RPA, due to the structure of the second-order tangent space. We present ab initio DMRG-TDA results for excited states of polyenes, the water molecule, and a [2Fe-2S] iron-sulfur cluster.
description: 15 pages, 7 tables, 10 figures
Development of Functional Symptoms in Children Exposed to Traumatic Events
Creators: name: Madrid, Paula A.
name: Kanter, Robert K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This chapter will review the typical symptoms occurring in children
after stressful traumatic exposures. Unlike other chapters in this book, no
specific organ system is the most likely focus of functional symptoms in
this setting. Psychological distress may exacerbate symptoms of physical
illness and injury associated with the traumatic events, may be expressed
as almost any seemingly unrelated symptom, may intensify the age appropriate
fears typical of any child, or may predominantly be exhibited behaviorally.
In most nonsevere cases, the impact is self-limited and the
individual’s functioning will be back to normal within days or weeks.
We will suggest simple behavioral and environmental interventions
intended to help relieve children’s distress. However, when large populations
are affected and individuals suffer severe loss such as in a mass
casualty disaster, the scale of events requires community-wide efforts to
meet the needs of children and their families. The fact that some children are
more psychosocially vulnerable than others will be discussed. The chapter
will conclude by highlighting warning signs warranting professional mental
health care.
Hit by Reality – How Socio-Technical Challenges Shift the Design of an Information System in an Interdisciplinary Research Environment
Creators: name: Strohm, Steffen
name: Bünning, Hartwig
name: Renz, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Research Data Management
Data Integration
Interdisciplinary Research
Collaborative Research Center
SFB 1266
Multidisciplinary Research
Information System
FAIR

description: In the first phase of the CRC, the information system was thought of as a fully integrative solution, which allowed to decompose any arising structured data to then identify common attributes and allow for a wide range of database queries and analyses. While the phase ended with a proposition of a technical solution on how to create a tool using such a flexible data model, the solution was far from being implemented in a practice-ready state.
In the technical department of the project, the switch from Phase 1 to Phase 2 was dominated by a full change in personnel on all levels, which made an effective knowledge transfer impossible and slowed down progress heavily in the beginning of the second phase. After a year-long phase of catching up and trying to find out if the before-mentioned questions had already been answered, the design of the information system had become clearer, involving new components that had not been thought of before.
In a first step a repository-like functional component was needed to collect the data which had already been created or was in use in the CRC. Some of this data is openly accessible, others had to be protected through restricted access, which required at least a simple self-built solution within the project and involved a process on defining an adequate but still usable meta data catalogue, access rights, answers on licensing questions and lots of more small but relevant details.
The data collections accessible through the catalogue are then meant to be used for a record level integration, similar to what was thought of in the first phase of the CRC. However, a lot of detailed questions occur, when data from roughly 15 sub projects with very different background and perspectives are brought together. What common attributes are left when all data of the project are compared? How deep is the integration of such different data sets coming from archaeology, botany, ecology, geophysics and so on? Without spoiling too much: the integrational concept remains rather shallow, reduced to few dimensions (space, time, type), however, the need to create a common backbone also in the values of these dimensions introduces new challenges, not just on the technical side but also considering roles and processes on how to effectively discuss these topics.
Geant4 program for focusing of high energy electron beam using crystal lenses
Creators: name: Monikowska, Marta Katarzyna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: channeling
beam focusing
silicon crystal, VHEE beam, electron radiotherapy
VHEE beam
electron radiotherapy

description: A program for focusing high-energy electron beam using crystal lenses, was prepared in the Geant4 environment. It is based on an existing example called "channeling" provided by default with the Geant4 code. In order to obtain results from the profiled crystal, the simulation code was modified and additional features were added. The macro file has been expanded so that more parameters can be controlled and it is also possible to get visualization. The version of Geant4 on which the simulation was prepared is geant4-v11.0.1.

 Added features are: an ability to geometrically profile the exit of the bent crystal with a cylinder; five more detectors behind the crystal which can detect angular distribution and positions, to be able to check the trajectory of the beam more precisely; water phantom which serves as a detector to check the energy deposition of the focused beam inside a tissue-like material; macro has been expanded to include more options for controlling the beam and the geometry of the simulation.
Fairness in generative modeling
Creators: name: Zameshina, Mariia
name: Teytaud, Olivier
name: Teytaud, Fabien
name: Hosu, Vlad
name: Carraz, Nathanael
name: Najman, Laurent
name: Wagner, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We design general-purpose algorithms for addressing fairness issues and mode collapse in generative modeling. More precisely, to design fair algorithms for as many sensitive variables as possible, including variables we might not be aware of, we assume no prior knowledge of sensitive variables: our algorithms use unsupervised fairness only, meaning no information related to the sensitive variables is used for our fairness-improving methods. All images of faces (even generated ones) have been removed to mitigate legal risks.
Acceleration of solar wind ions to 1 MeV by electromagnetic structures upstream of the Earth's bow shock
Creators: name: Stasiewicz, K.
name: Markidis, S.
name: Eliasson, B.
name: Strumik, M.
name: Yamauchi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements from the ESA/NASA Cluster mission that show in situ acceleration of ions to energies of 1 MeV outside the bow shock. The observed heating can be associated with the presence of electromagnetic structures with strong spatial gradients of the electric field that lead to ion gyro-phase breaking and to the onset of chaos in ion trajectories. It results in rapid, stochastic acceleration of ions in the direction perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field. The electric potential of the structures can be compared to a field of moguls on a ski slope, capable of accelerating and ejecting the fast running skiers out of piste. This mechanism may represent the universal mechanism for perpendicular acceleration and heating of ions in the magnetosphere, the solar corona and in astrophysical plasmas. This is also a basic mechanism that can limit steepening of nonlinear electromagnetic structures at shocks and foreshocks in collisionless plasmas.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
LGTBIDS: Layer-wise Graph Theory Based Intrusion Detection System in Beyond 5G
Creators: name: Shafi, Misbah
name: Jha, Rakesh Kumar
name: Jain, Sanjeev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advancement in wireless communication technologies is becoming more demanding and pervasive. One of the fundamental parameters that limit the efficiency of the network are the security challenges. The communication network is vulnerable to security attacks such as spoofing attacks and signal strength attacks. Intrusion detection signifies a central approach to ensuring the security of the communication network. In this paper, an Intrusion Detection System based on the framework of graph theory is proposed. A Layerwise Graph Theory-Based Intrusion Detection System (LGTBIDS) algorithm is designed to detect the attacked node. The algorithm performs the layer-wise analysis to extract the vulnerable nodes and ultimately the attacked node(s). For each layer, every node is scanned for the possibility of susceptible node(s). The strategy of the IDS is based on the analysis of energy efficiency and secrecy rate. The nodes with the energy efficiency and secrecy rate beyond the range of upper and lower thresholds are detected as the nodes under attack. Further, detected node(s) are transmitted with a random sequence of bits followed by the process of re-authentication. The obtained results validate the better performance, low time computations, and low complexity. Finally, the proposed approach is compared with the conventional solution of intrusion detection.
description: in IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, 2022
Heat-Related Mortality in a Warming Climate: Projections for 12 U.S. Cities
Creators: name: Petkova, Elisaveta P.
name: Bader, Daniel A.
name: Anderson, G. Brooke
name: Horton, Radley M.
name: Knowlton, Kim M.
name: Kinney, Patrick L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Climatic changes
Public health
Heat--Physiological effect

description: Heat is among the deadliest weather-related phenomena in the United States, and the number of heat-related deaths may increase under a changing climate, particularly in urban areas. Regional adaptation planning is unfortunately often limited by the lack of quantitative information on potential future health responses. This study presents an assessment of the future impacts of climate change on heat-related mortality in 12 cities using 16 global climate models, driven by two scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions. Although the magnitude of the projected heat effects was found to differ across time, cities, climate models and greenhouse pollution emissions scenarios, climate change was projected to result in increases in heat-related fatalities over time throughout the 21st century in all of the 12 cities included in this study. The increase was more substantial under the high emission pathway, highlighting the potential benefits to public health of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Nearly 200,000 heat-related deaths are projected to occur in the 12 cities by the end of the century due to climate warming, over 22,000 of which could be avoided if we follow a low GHG emission pathway. The presented estimates can be of value to local decision makers and stakeholders interested in developing strategies to reduce these impacts and building climate change resilience.
Aggregation of Red Blood Cells: From Rouleaux to Clot Formation
Creators: name: Wagner, C.
name: Steffen, P.
name: Svetina, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Red blood cells are known to form aggregates in the form of rouleaux. This aggregation process is believed to be reversible, but there is still no full understanding on the binding mechanism. There are at least two competing models, based either on bridging or on depletion. We review recent experimental results on the single cell level and theoretical analyses of the depletion model and of the influence of the cell shape on the binding strength. Another important aggregation mechanism is caused by activation of platelets. This leads to clot formation which is life saving in the case of wound healing but also a major cause of death in the case of a thrombus induced stroke. We review historical and recent results on the participation of red blood cells in clot formation.
Handheld cellular telephones and risk of acoustic neuroma
Creators: name: Muscat, J. E.
name: Malkin, M. G.
name: Shore, R. E.
name: Thompson, S.
name: Neugut, Alfred I.
name: Stellman, Steven D.
name: Bruce, J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: The hypothesis that intracranial energy deposition from handheld cellular telephones causes acoustic neuroma was tested in an epidemiologic study of 90 patients and 86 control subjects. The relative risk was 0.9 (p _ 0.07) and did not vary significantly by the frequency, duration, and lifetime hours of use. In patients who used cellular telephones, the tumor occurred more often on the contralateral than ipsilateral side of the head. Further efforts should focus on potentially longer induction periods.
Insights into the semiclassical Wigner treatment of bimolecular collisions
Creators: name: Bonnet, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semiclassical Wigner treatment of bimolecular collisions, proposed by Lee and Scully on a partly intuitive basis [J. Chem. Phys. 73, 2238 (1980)], is derived here from first principles. The derivation combines E. J. Heller's ideas [J. Chem. Phys. 62, 1544 (1975); 65, 1289 (1976); 75, 186 (1981)], the backward picture of molecular collisions [L. Bonnet, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 174108 (2010)] and the microreversibility principle.
Multi-Agent Systems for Computational Economics and Finance
Creators: name: Kampouridis, Michael
name: Kanellopoulos, Panagiotis
name: Kyropoulou, Maria
name: Melissourgos, Themistoklis
name: Voudouris, Alexandros A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 91-XX

description: In this article we survey the main research topics of our group at the University of Essex. Our research interests lie at the intersection of theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence, and economic theory. In particular, we focus on the design and analysis of mechanisms for systems involving multiple strategic agents, both from a theoretical and an applied perspective. We present an overview of our group's activities, as well as its members, and then discuss in detail past, present, and future work in multi-agent systems.
Events, Topology, and Temporal Relations
Creators: name: Varzi, Achille C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Philosophy
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: Logic

description: We are used to regarding actions and other events, such as Brutus’ stabbing of Caesar or the sinking of the Titanic, as occupying intervals of some underlying linearly ordered temporal dimension. We talk about ‘now’ and ‘then’ in an effort to put some order in our description of what goes on. And since different events seem to overlap in so many different ways, a full account of their temporal relations seems to run afoul of a reductionist strategy. This raises two philosophical questions. The first is whether we can actually go beyond time, as it were, i.e., whether we can take events as bona fide entities and deal with them directly, just as we can deal with spatial entities such as physical bodies or masses without confining ourselves to their spatial representations. This is a controversial issue (though probably not as controversial as it used to be), and ties in with a number of unsettled problems concerning, e.g., the structure of causality or the definition of adequate identity and individuation criteria for events. The second question is whether we can perhaps do without time, i.e., whether we can dispense with time points or intervals as an independent ontological category and focus only on actual or potential happenings, in
opposition to the form of reductionism mentioned above—in short, whether we can account for the temporal dimension in terms of suitable relations among events. This is also a highly controversial issue, and relates to the classical dispute concerning relational vs. absolutist conceptions of (space and) time. Time need not be posited as an independent notion—be it as a primary ontological category (intervals or instants) or in the form of some primitive, irreducible relation of temporal precedence. Rather, time can simply be viewed as a by-product of the possibility of orienting the domain of all happenings. If one will, this can then be read as evidence in favor of a (somewhat moderate) form of relationalism.
Ferromagnetic Heisenberg model with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction
Creators: name: Albayrak, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin-1/2 Heisenberg model is formulated in terms of a mean-field approximation (MFA) by using the matrix forms of spin operators $\hat{S}_x,\hat{S}_y$ and $\hat{S}_z$ in three-dimensions. The considered Hamiltonian consists of bilinear exchange interaction parameters $(J_x,J_y,J_z)$, Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions $(Δ_x,Δ_y,Δ_z)$ and external magnetic field components $(H_x,H_y,H_z)$. The magnetization and its components are obtained in the MFA with the general anisotropic case with $J_x\neq J_y \neq J_z$ for various values of coordination numbers $q$. Then, the thermal variations of magnetizations are investigated in detail to obtain the phase diagrams of the model for the isotropic case with $J_x=J_y=J_z>0$. It is found that the model exhibits ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, random phase regions and an extra ferromagnetic phase at which the components of magnetizations present branching.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Flame Spread Simulation Over PMMA Panels, Controlled by Material Pyrolysis
Creators: name: Hehnen, Tristan
name: Quaresma, Tássia L.S.
name: Arnold, Lukas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Poster presented at the MaCFP Workshop during the 14th International Symposium on Fire Safety Science 2023. Poster content and title were slightly adjusted from what was introduced in the abstract to include sensitivity analysis aspects for material parameter estimation. 
See also: 
Sensitivity Analysis for an Effective Transfer of Estimated Material Properties from Cone Calorimeter to Horizontal Flame Spread Simulations
PMMA pyrolysis simulation – from micro- to real-scale
The contribution of reduction in malaria as a cause of rapid decline of under-five mortality: evidence from the Rufiji Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) in rural Tanzania
Creators: name: Kanté, Almamy Malick
name: Nathan, Rose
name: Helleringer, Stephane
name: Sigilbert, Mrema
name: Levira, Francis
name: Masanja, Honorati
name: De Savigny, Don
name: Abdulla, Salim
name: Phillips, James F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Public health
Epidemiology

description: Under-five mortality has been declining rapidly in a number of sub-Saharan African settings. Malaria-related mortality is known to be a major component of childhood causes of death and malaria remains a major focus of health interventions. The paper explored the contribution of malaria relative to other specific causes of under-five deaths to these trends.
This paper uses longitudinal demographic surveillance data to examine trends and causes of death of under-five mortality in Rufiji, whose population has been followed for over nine years (1999–2007). Causes of death, determined by the verbal autopsy technique, are analysed with Arriaga’s decomposition method to assess the contribution of declining malaria-related mortality relative to other causes of death as explaining a rapid decline in overall childhood mortality.
Over the 1999–2007 period, under-five mortality rate in Rufiji declined by 54.3%, from 33.3 to 15.2 per 1,000 person-years. If this trend is sustained, Rufiji will be a locality that achieves MDG4 target. Although hypotrophy at birth remained the leading cause of death for neonates, malaria remains as the leading cause of death for post-neonates followed by pneumonia. However, declines in malaria death rates accounted for 49.9% of the observed under-five mortality decline while all perinatal causes accounted for only 19.9%.
To achieve MDG 4 in malaria endemic settings, health programmes should continue efforts to reduce malaria mortality and more efforts are also needed to improve newborn survival.
Time-Space Transformers for Video Panoptic Segmentation
Creators: name: Petrovai, Andra
name: Nedevschi, Sergiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel solution for the task of video panoptic segmentation, that simultaneously predicts pixel-level semantic and instance segmentation and generates clip-level instance tracks. Our network, named VPS-Transformer, with a hybrid architecture based on the state-of-the-art panoptic segmentation network Panoptic-DeepLab, combines a convolutional architecture for single-frame panoptic segmentation and a novel video module based on an instantiation of the pure Transformer block. The Transformer, equipped with attention mechanisms, models spatio-temporal relations between backbone output features of current and past frames for more accurate and consistent panoptic estimates. As the pure Transformer block introduces large computation overhead when processing high resolution images, we propose a few design changes for a more efficient compute. We study how to aggregate information more effectively over the space-time volume and we compare several variants of the Transformer block with different attention schemes. Extensive experiments on the Cityscapes-VPS dataset demonstrate that our best model improves the temporal consistency and video panoptic quality by a margin of 2.2%, with little extra computation.
Rayleigh scattering boosted multi-GHz displacement sensitivity in whispering gallery opto-mechanical resonators
Creators: name: Tallur, Siddharth
name: Bhave, Sunil A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finite photon lifetimes for light fields in an opto-mechanical cavity impose a bandwidth limit on displacement sensing at mechanical resonance frequencies beyond the loaded cavity photon decay rate. Opto-mechanical modulation efficiency can be enhanced via multi-GHz transduction techniques such as piezo-opto-mechanics at the cost of on-chip integration. In this paper, we present a novel high bandwidth displacement sense scheme employing Rayleigh scattering in photonic resonators. Using this technique in conjunction with on-chip electrostatic drive in silicon enables efficient modulation at frequencies up to 9.1GHz. Being independent of the drive mechanism, this scheme could readily be extended to piezo-opto-mechanical and all optical transduced systems.
description: Submitted to Optics Express
Two-sided boundary functionals for Kou process
Creators: name: Karnaukh, Ievgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G51

description: In this paper the moment generating function of two-sided boundary functionals for double exponential jump diffusion processes are treated.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures