cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gap Domain Wall Fermions
Creators: name: Vranas, Pavlos M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I demonstrate that the chiral properties of Domain Wall Fermions (DWF) in the large to intermediate lattice spacing regime of QCD, 1 to 2 GeV, are significantly improved by adding to the action two standard Wilson fermions with supercritical mass equal to the negative DWF five dimensional mass. Using quenched DWF simulations I show that the eigenvalue spectrum of the transfer matrix Hamiltonian develops a substantial gap and that the residual mass decreases appreciatively. Furthermore, I confirm that topology changing remains active and that the hadron spectrum of the added Wilson fermions is above the lattice cutoff and therefore is irrelevant. I argue that this result should also hold for dynamical DWF and furthermore that it should improve the chiral properties of related fermion methods.
description: 12 pages of text, 14 figures, added sect.6 on topology and references
Light-induced insulator-metal transition in Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ reveals the nature of the insulating ground state
Creators: name: Choi, Dongsung
name: Yue, Changming
name: Azoury, Doron
name: Porter, Zachary
name: Chen, Jiyu
name: Petocchi, Francesco
name: Baldini, Edoardo
name: Lv, Baiqing
name: Mogi, Masataka
name: Su, Yifan
name: Wilson, Stephen D.
name: Eckstein, Martin
name: Werner, Philipp
name: Gedik, Nuh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ has attracted a lot of attention due to its structural and electronic similarities to La$_2$CuO$_4$ which is the parent compound of high-T$_c$ superconducting cuprates. It was proposed to be a strong spin-orbit coupled J$_{eff}$ = 1/2 Mott insulator, but the Mott nature of its insulating ground state and the origin of the gap have not been conclusively established. Here, we use ultrafast laser pulses to realize an insulator-metal transition in Sr$_2$IrO$_4$ and probe the resulting dynamics using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We observe a closing of the gap and the formation of weakly-renormalized electronic bands in the gap region. Comparing these observations to the expected temperature and doping evolution of Mott gaps and Hubbard bands provides clear evidence that the insulating state does not originate from Mott correlations. We instead propose a correlated band insulator picture, where antiferromagnetic correlations play a key role in the opening of the gap. More broadly, our results demonstrate that energy-momentum resolved nonequilibrium dynamics can be used to clarify the nature of equilibrium states in correlated materials.
Supplementary document for (3+1)-dimensional Pearcey Gaussian wave packet with arbitrary velocity driven by flying focus - 6776508.pdf
Creators: name: Luo, YingJun
name: Liang, Zehong
name: Mo, ZhenWu
name: shi, jingyi
name: Huang, JingHuan
name: Yang, Yongzheng
name: Lin, Xiao jun
name: Ruan, Zhang
name: wang, cen
name: Ouyang, Min
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: More spatiotemporal control
The cloudy shape of hot Jupiter thermal phase curves
Creators: name: Parmentier, Vivien
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hot Jupiters have been predicted to have a strong day/night temperature contrast and a hot spot shifted eastward of the substellar point. This was confirmed by numerous phase curve observations probing the longitudinal brightness variation of the atmosphere. Global circulation models, however, systematically underestimate the phase curve amplitude and overestimate the shift of its maximum. We use a global circulation model including non-grey radiative transfer and realistic gas and cloud opacities to systematically investigate how the atmospheric circulation of hot Jupiters varies with equilibrium temperature from 1000 to 2200K. We show that the heat transport is very efficient for cloudless planets cooler than 1600K and becomes less efficient at higher temperatures. When nightside clouds are present, the day-to-night heat transport becomes extremely inefficient, leading to a good match to the observed low nightside temperatures. The constancy of this low temperature is, however, due to the strong dependence of the radiative timescale with temperature. We further show that nightside clouds increase the phase curve amplitude and decreases the phase curve offset at the same time. This change is very sensitive to the cloud chemical composition and particle size, meaning that the diversity in observed phase curves can be explained by a diversity of nightside cloud properties. Finally, we show that phase curve parameters do not necessarily track the day/night contrast nor the shift of the hot spot on isobars, and propose solutions to to recover the true hot-spot shift and day/night contrast.
description: 32 pages, 21 figures, 4 years in the making. Accepted in MNRAS. See also the complementary study by Roman et al. today on ArXiv
Observation of New States Decaying into $Λ_c^+ K^-π^+$ and $Λ_c^+ K^0_Sπ^-$
Creators: name: Chistov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of two charmed strange baryons that decay into $Λ_c^+ K^-π^+$. The broader of the two states is measured to have a mass of $2978.5\pm 2.1\pm 2.0$ MeV/$c^2$ and a width of $43.5\pm 7.5\pm 7.0$ MeV/$c^2$. The mass and width of the narrow state are measured to be $3076.7\pm 0.9\pm 0.5$ MeV/$c^2$ and $6.2\pm 1.2\pm 0.8$ MeV/$c^2$, respectively. We also perform a search for the isospin partner states that decay into $Λ_c^+ K_S^0π^-$ and observe a significant signal at the mass of $3082.8\pm 1.8\pm 1.5$ MeV/$c^2$. The data used for this analysis was accumulated at or near the $Υ(4S)$ resonance, using the Belle detector at the $e^+ e^-$ asymmetric-energy collider KEKB. The integrated luminosity of the data sample used is $461.5 ~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$.
Calculating potential energy surfaces with quantum computers by measuring only the density along adiabatic transitions
Creators: name: Brown, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that chemically-accurate potential energy surfaces (PESs) can be generated from quantum computers by measuring only the density along an adiabatic transition between different molecular geometries. In lieu of using phase estimation, the energy is evaluated by performing line-integration using the inverted real-space Time-Dependant Density Functional Theory Kohn-Sham potential obtained from the geometry-varying densities of the full wavefunction. The accuracy of this method depends on the validity of the adiabatic evolution itself and the potential inversion process (which is theoretically exact but can be numerically unstable), whereas total evolution time is the defining factor for the precision of phase estimation. We examine the method with a one-dimensional system of two electrons for both the ground and first triplet state in first quantization, as well as the ground state of three- and four- electron systems in second quantization. It is shown that few accurate measurements can be utilized to obtain chemical accuracy across the full potential energy curve, with shorter propagation time than may be required using phase estimation for a similar accuracy. We also show that an accurate potential energy curve can be calculated by making many imprecise density measurements (using few shots) along the time evolution and smoothing the resulting density evolution. Finally, it is important to note that the method is able to classically provide a check of its own accuracy by comparing the density resulting from a time-independent Kohn-Sham calculation using the inverted potential, with the measured density. This can be used to determine whether longer adiabatic evolution times are required to satisfy the adiabatic theorem.
description: 40 pages, 11 figures
Supplementary document for Fast data fitting scheme for compressive Multispectral Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging - 6693992.pdf
Creators: name: Ghezzi, Alberto
name: Farina, Andrea
name: Vurro, Vito
name: Bassi, Andrea
name: Valentini, Gianluca
name: D'Andrea, Cosimo
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2024
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementing material to the manuscript
Scanning tunneling microscopy studies of twisted van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Tilak, Nikhil Mohan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Layered van der Waals materials can be thinned down to their constituent two dimensionalmonolayers. These monolayer sheets, when stacked on top of each other with a small rotational misalignment, result in a geometric interference pattern called a moire superlattice. The moire superlattice unit cell which can be orders of magnitude larger than the original. Spatially varying registration of the atoms within the superlattice unit cell can result in significant lattice reconstruction of the constituent monolayers and act as a periodic modulation of interlayer interactions. The resulting heterostructures can have drastically different electronic properties than the constituent monolayers. This novel degree of freedom- the interlayer-twist angle, has gained tremendous attention in recent years. In this dissertation, I present scanning tunneling microscopy studies of two such heterostructures: twisted bilayer graphene and twisted molybdenum disulfide. Additionally, I also discuss STM measurements on graphene/TaS2 heterostructures which do not rely on the interlayer twist angle. Magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene has emerged as a powerful platformfor studying strongly correlated electron physics,owing to its almost dispersionless low-energy bands and the ability to tune the band filling by electrostatic gating. Techniques to control the twist angle between graphene layers have led to rapid experimental progress but improving sample quality is essential for separating the delicate correlated-electron physics from disorder effects. Owing to the 2D nature of the system and the relatively low carrier density, the samples are highly susceptible to small doping inhomogeneity which can drastically modify the local potential landscape. This potential disorder is distinct from the twist-angle variation which has been studied elsewhere. My findings demonstrate that flat bands in twisted bilayer graphene can amplify small doping inhomogeneity that surprisingly leads to carrier confinement, which in graphene could previously only be realized in the presence of a strong magnetic field. Similar experiments were also carried out on MoS2 bilayers in a wide rangeof twist angles near 0°. Topography scans show the twist angle-dependence of the moire pattern which is dominated by lattice reconstruction for small angles (< 2°) leading to large triangular domains with rhombohedral stacking. Local spectroscopy measurements reveal a large moire-potential strength of 100-200 meV for angles < 3°. In reconstructed regions, a bias-dependent asymmetry between neighboring triangular domains is observed which we relate to the vertical polarization which is intrinsic to rhombohedral stacked TMDs. This viewpoint is further supported by spectroscopy maps and ambient Piezoresponse measurements. These results provide a microscopic perspective on this new class of interfacial ferroelectrics and can offer clues for designing novel heterostructures which harness this effect.
Hansenocaris undetermined
Creators: name: Olesen, Jørgen
name: Grygier, Mark J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Maxillopoda
Hansenocarididae
Hansenocaris
Hansenocaris undetermined

description: Y-nauplius AG*
Figs 2, 10G–K
Type AG* – Dreyer et al. 2023a: figs 4, 5a, c, tables s1–s2.
Material examined
JAPAN – Okinawa, Sesoko I., laboratory pier, 26°38ʹ09.4ʺ N, 127°51ʹ55.2ʺ E • 13 LSN; 1991–2005 • 27 LSN, 21 of which molted to cyprids; 2018–2019 (Tables 1 and S1).
Description
LAST-STAGE NAUPLIUS (LSN). Lecithotrophic. Body spoon-shaped in dorso-ventral view; about 1.7 times as long as wide in ventral view; cephalic shield widely ovate, with sharp discontinuity in body outline leading into trunk. In lateral view, trunk axis bent downwards ca 35° with respect to cephalic axis. Length 270–280 µm (without dorso-caudal spine), greatest width ca 150 µm, greatest dorso-ventral thickness ca 100 µm. Labrum with round-cornered rectangular outline in ventral view; surface divided into facets by cuticular ridges and with midline keel extending posteriorly into 20 µm long median spine; pore pattern not examined in detail, but at least with pair of postero-lateral pores. Caudal end attenuate, terminating in ca 65 µm long, slightly dorsally curved dorso-caudal spine with weak sculpturing of minutely spinose cuticular rings; spine upturned 35° with respect to body axis and accompanied ventrally at base by pair of triangular furcal spines ca 5 µm long.
CYPRID VIEWED THROUGH CUTICLE OF LSN. Body unpigmented. Cephalon typically with one or two pairs of distinct yolk granules/vesicles close to anterior margin. Gut-like tube typically with two to four yolk granules in posterior part, one of which most often distinctly orange. Telson longer than wide and about half as long as thorax.
Identification and variation
Recognizable by the combination of its general body shape, the rounded-quadrangular labral outline with a midline keel terminating in a small spine and the cyprid’s relatively slender telson with orange yolk granules in its gut-like tube. Little variation is seen among specimens. The molecular diversity of eight sequenced specimens (Dreyer et al. 2023a) suggests that this naupliar morphospecies includes two distinct species.
Distribution
Japan (Sesoko Island, Okinawa).
description: Published as part of Olesen, Jørgen & Grygier, Mark J., 2024, Taxonomic diversity of marine planktonic ' y-larvae' (Crustacea: Facetotecta) from a coral reef hotspot locality (Japan, Okinawa), with a key to y-nauplii, pp. 1-90 in European Journal of Taxonomy 929 (1) on pages 28-30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2024.929.2479, http://zenodo.org/record/10876286
Strong spin-dephasing in a topological insulator - paramagnet heterostructure
Creators: name: Lapano, Jason
name: Mazza, Alessandro R.
name: Li, Haoxiang
name: Mukherjee, Debangshu
name: Skoropata, Elizabeth M.
name: Ok, Jong Mok
name: Miao, Hu
name: Moore, Robert G.
name: Ward, Thomas Z.
name: Eres, Gyula
name: Lee, Ho Nyung
name: Brahlek, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interface between magnetic materials and topological insulators can drive the formation of exotic phases of matter and enable functionality through manipulation of the strong spin polarized transport. Here, we report that the spin-momentum-locked transport in the topological insulator Bi$_2$Se$_3$ is completely suppressed by scattering at a heterointerface with the kagome-lattice paramagnet, Co$_7$Se$_8$. Bi$_2$Se$_{3-}$Co$_7$Se$_{8-}$Bi$_2$Se$_3$ trilayer heterostructures were grown using molecular beam epitaxy. Magnetotransport measurements revealed a substantial suppression of the weak antilocalization effect for Co$_7$Se$_8$ at thicknesses as thin as a monolayer, indicating a strong dephasing mechanism. Bi$_{2-x}$Co$_x$Se$_3$ films, where Co is in a non-magnetic $3^+$ state, show weak antilocalization that survives to $x = 0.5$, which, in comparison with the heterostructures, suggests the unordered moments of the Co$^{2+}$ act as a far stronger dephasing element. This work highlights several important points regarding spin-polarized transport in topological insulator interfaces and how magnetic materials can be integrated with topological materials to realize both exotic phases as well as novel device functionality.
description: Accepted APL Materials
Mean-free path effects in magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic nanocontacts
Creators: name: Useinov, A. N.
name: Tagirov, L. R.
name: Deminov, R. G.
name: Zhou, Y.
name: Pan, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the mean-free path effects on the magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic nanocontacts. For most combinations of parameters the magnetoresistance monotonously decreases with increasing the contact cross-section. However, for a certain choice of parameters the calculations show non-monotonous behavior of the magnetoresistance in the region in which the diameter of the contact becomes comparable with the mean-free path of electrons. We attribute this effect to different conduction regimes in the vicinity of the nanocontact: ballistic for electrons of one spin projection, and simultaneously diffusive for the other. Furthermore, at certain combinations of spin asymmetries of the bulk mean-free paths in a heterocontact, the magnetoresistance can be almost constant, or may even grow as the contact diameter increases. Thus, our calculations suggest a way to search for combinations of material parameters, for which high magnetoresistances can be achieved not only at the nanometric size of the contact, but also at much larger cross-sections of nanocontacts which can be easier for fabrication with current technologies. The trial calculations of the magnetoresistance with material parameters close to those for the Mumetal-Ni heterocontacts agree satisfactorily with the available experimental data.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
Lexical elicitation: Mann 1-118
Creators: name: Jummaimueang, Jamlorng
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: sss

description: Words from Mann's MSEA Swadesh list 1-118. Other voices included. Consultant is a 62-year-old male.
A Layer-Wise Information Reinforcement Approach to Improve Learning in Deep Belief Networks
Creators: name: Roder, Mateus
name: Passos, Leandro A.
name: Ribeiro, Luiz Carlos Felix
name: Pereira, Clayton
name: Papa, João Paulo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the advent of deep learning, the number of works proposing new methods or improving existent ones has grown exponentially in the last years. In this scenario, "very deep" models were emerging, once they were expected to extract more intrinsic and abstract features while supporting a better performance. However, such models suffer from the gradient vanishing problem, i.e., backpropagation values become too close to zero in their shallower layers, ultimately causing learning to stagnate. Such an issue was overcome in the context of convolution neural networks by creating "shortcut connections" between layers, in a so-called deep residual learning framework. Nonetheless, a very popular deep learning technique called Deep Belief Network still suffers from gradient vanishing when dealing with discriminative tasks. Therefore, this paper proposes the Residual Deep Belief Network, which considers the information reinforcement layer-by-layer to improve the feature extraction and knowledge retaining, that support better discriminative performance. Experiments conducted over three public datasets demonstrate its robustness concerning the task of binary image classification.
Nonclassical rules in quantum games
Creators: name: Frąckiewicz, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last twenty years of research on quantum game theory have given us many ideas of how quantum games could be played. One of the most prominent ideas in the field is a model of quantum playing a 2x2 game introduced by J. Eisert, M. Wilkens and M. Lewenstein. The scheme assumes that players' strategies are unitary operations the players act on the maximally entangled two-qubit state. The quantum nature of the scheme has been under discussion since the article by Eisert et al. came out. The aim of our paper is to identify some of non-classical features of the quantum scheme.
Design and development of micromachined parylene-based electroactive membranes for biological applications
Creators: name: Rebolledo Uscanga, Fernando Antonio
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: In the last few decades, the biomedical field has used semiconductor and microfabrication technologies to develop micro-scale devices and systems for biomedical, clinical research, and relevant biological applications. Such systems are commonly referred to as System-On-A-Chip (SOC) or Lab-On-A-Chip (LOC) devices. These microsystems often require the integration of multiple microfluidic functions such as pumping and actuation mechanisms, with their respective micromachined structures and components. Currently, many systems are fabricated using soft-lithography techniques employing micro-replica molding of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on SU-8 relief microstructures. For these approaches, it is common to use pneumatic actuation due to compatibility with the deformable PDMS structures. However, pneumatic actuation is often used for binary actuation states of pumping or valving architectures (open or closed) and does not always allow for precise actuation control, including reproducibility and reliability. In addition, these microsystems often require manual integration of their components utilizing bonding techniques and connections to and from off-chip components and pneumatic connections, resulting in the loss of integration capabilities. Therefore, there is a need to develop microsystems capable of increasing their integration capabilities with a better monolithic microfabrication approach, allowing for precise control and system packaging. To overcome these limitations, the main goal of this research effort was to explore the use of electrostatic actuation methods through the design and fabrication of micromachined Parylene-based electroactive membranes (μPEMs). This technology uses a multilayer, polymer-based, and monolithic microfabrication process approach. The actuation of this platform solely relies on electrostatic forces which eliminates the need for complicated interconnects and manual integration, with the potential to provide greater membrane deflection control, low power consumption, high reproducibility, and compact integration capabilities within a single chip. These chapters introduce, present, and describe the design, fabrication, and development of these μPEM devices and platforms with embedded microfluidic channel configurations for potential biological applications. We have successfully created these μPEM platforms consisting of Parylene C-based electrostatic actuators defined over a bulk micromachined cavity with varying film thicknesses. Embedded micro-shell structures which form microfluidic architectures and networks have been patterned and coupled on top of the membrane actuators within the same microfabrication process, making it a monolithically integrated platform with a repeatable fabrication approach.
The theory of percolation on hypergraphs
Creators: name: Bianconi, Ginestra
name: Dorogovtsev, Sergey N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hypergraphs capture the higher-order interactions in complex systems and always admit a factor graph representation, consisting of a bipartite network of nodes and hyperedges. As hypegraphs are ubiquitous, investigating hypergraph robustness is a problem of major research interest. In the literature the robustness of hypergraphs as been so far only treated adopting factor-graph percolation which describe well higher-order interactions which remain functional even after the removal of one of more of their nodes. This approach, however, fall short to describe situations in which higher-order interactions fail when anyone of their nodes is removed, this latter scenario applying for instance to supply chains, catalytic networks, protein-interaction networks, networks of chemical reactions, etc. Here we show that in these cases the correct process to investigate is hypergraph percolation with is distinct from factor graph percolation. We build a message-passing theory of hypergraph percolation and we investigate its critical behavior using generating function formalism supported by Monte Carlo simulations on random graph and real data. Notably, we show that the node percolation threshold on hypergraphs exceeds node percolation threshold on factor graphs. Furthermore we show that differently from what happens in ordinary graphs, on hypergraphs the node percolation threshold and hyperedge percolation threshold do not coincide, with the node percolation threshold exceeding the hyperedge percolation threshold. These results demonstrate that any fat-tailed cardinality distribution of hyperedges cannot lead to the hyper-resilience phenomenon in hypergraphs in contrast to their factor graphs, where the divergent second moment of a cardinality distribution guarantees zero percolation threshold.
description: (12 pages, 4 figures)
Towards a universal set of topologically protected gates for quantum computation with Pfaffian qubits
Creators: name: Georgiev, Lachezar S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the topological quantum computation scheme of Das Sarma et al. from the perspective of the conformal field theory for the two-dimensional critical Ising model. This scheme originally used the monodromy properties of the non-Abelian excitations in the Pfaffian quantum Hall state to construct elementary qubits and execute logical NOT on them. We extend the scheme of Das Sarma et al. by exploiting the explicit braiding transformations for the Pfaffian wave functions containing 4 and 6 quasiholes to implement, for the first time in this context, the single-qubit Hadamard and phase gates and the two-qubit Controlled-NOT gate over Pfaffian qubits in a topologically protected way. In more detail, we explicitly construct the unitary representations of the braid groups B_4, B_6 and B_8 and use the elementary braid matrices to implement one-, two- and three-qubit gates. We also propose to construct a topologically protected Toffoli gate, in terms of a braid-group based Controlled-Controlled-Z gate precursor. Finally we discuss some difficulties arising in the embedding of the Clifford gates and address several important questions about topological quantum computation in general.
description: 57 pages, 26 EPS figures, Latex2e with elsart class package; v2: one remark added and some misprints corrected
Rice ears and cattle tails : a comparative study of rural economy and society in Yunnan, southwest China
Creators: name: Guo, Xiaolin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This is an anthropological study of peasant economy and culture, derived from field research on patterns of social organization and production of two ethnically different rural communities (Han and Mosuo) in northwest Yunnan, China. Its aim is to explore the local contexts for understanding the changes that recent economic reforms have brought to peasant life, and the cultural as well as ecological factors that constrain peasant economic activities. Current economic reforms have been accompanied by institutional changes, of which the most important for this research is the change in political relations between local and central governments. The expansion of local autonomy has had significant implications for the management of resources. The study shows that the behavior of the two local governments has had remarkably different economic consequences. The most noteworthy policy change in the economic reforms affecting rural society has been the implementation of the household responsibility system which brought down the twenty-year old collective system and has since altered the economic landscape of the countryside. This study emphasizes how kinship systems affect the form of household organization in both Han and Mosuo communities, and how existing social relationships are manifest in economic activities. "Rice Ears" and "Cattle Tails" are images drawing attention to the culturally salient differences in the patterns of production of the two communities. Rice ears constitute a cultural image of subsistence security in the Han community; and cattle tails constitute a cultural image of prosperity and development in the Mosuo community. Apart from the ecological factors which give rise to the particular patterns of livelihood in each community, cultural values associated the particular pattern of production account for many of the economic choices of the peasants and the persistence of economic forms.
Holographic Complexity in a Charged Supersymmetric Black Holes
Creators: name: Jiang, Jie
name: Zhang, Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For an ordinary charged system, it has been shown that by using the "complexity equals action" (CA) conjecture, the late-time growth rate of the holographic complexity is given by a difference between the value of $Φ_H Q+Ω_H J$ on the inner and outer horizons. In this paper, we study the influence of the chiral anomaly on the complexity of the boundary quantum system. To be specific, we evaluate the CA holographic complexity of the charged supersymmetric black holes whose bulk action is modified by an additional Chern-Simons term of the electromagnetic fields. As a result, the late-time growth rate of the complexity will be corrected by some additional terms on the inner and outer horizons than the ordinary charged black holes. Our work implies that the late-time growth rate of the complexity can carry the information of the chiral anomaly for the boundary system.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, and this paper has been accepted by PRD
Population and Phase Coherence during the Growth of an Elongated Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Hugbart, Mathilde
name: Retter, Jocelyn A.
name: Varòn, Andres
name: Bouyer, Philippe
name: Aspect, Alain
name: Davis, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the growth of an elongated phase-fluctuating condensate from a non-equilibrium thermal cloud obtained by shock-cooling. We compare the growth of the condensate with numerical simulations, revealing a time delay and a reduction in the growth rate which we attribute to phase fluctuations. We measure the phase coherence using momentum Bragg spectroscopy, and thereby observe the evolution of the phase coherence as a function of time. Combining the phase coherence results with the numerical simulations, we suggest a simple model for the reduction of the growth rate based on the reduction of bosonic stimulation due to phase fluctuations and obtain improved agreement between theory and experiment.
Revisiting Weak Energy Condition and wormholes in Brans-Dicke gravity
Creators: name: Nguyen, Hoang Ky
name: Azreg-Aïnou, Mustapha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is known that the formation of a wormhole typically involves a violation of the Weak Energy Condition (WEC), but the reverse is not necessarily true. In the context of Brans-Dicke gravity, the $\textit{generalized}$ Campanelli-Lousto solution, which we shall unveil in this paper, demonstrates a WEC violation that coincides with the appearance of $\textit{unbounded}$ sheets of spacetime within the "interior" section. The emergence of a wormhole in the "exterior" section is thus only an indirect consequence of the WEC violation. Additionally, we use the generalized Campanelli-Lousto solution to construct a Kruskal-Szekeres diagram, which exhibits a "gulf" sandwiched between the four quadrants in the diagram, a novel feature in Brans-Dicke gravity. Overall, our findings shed new light onto a complex interplay between the WEC and wormholes in the Brans-Dicke theory.
description: Final version
Effect of low-level jet height on wind farm performance
Creators: name: Gadde, Srinidhi N.
name: Stevens, Richard J. A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-level jets (LLJs) are the wind maxima in the lowest 50 to 1000 m of atmospheric boundary layers. Due to their significant influence on the power production of wind farms it is crucial to understand the interaction between LLJs and wind farms. In the presence of an LLJ, there are positive and negative shear regions in the velocity profile. The positive shear regions of LLJs are continuously turbulent, while the negative shear regions have limited turbulence. We present large-eddy simulations of wind farms in which the LLJ is above, below, or in the middle of the turbine rotor swept area. We find that the wakes recover relatively fast when the LLJ is above the turbines. This is due to the high turbulence below the LLJ and the downward vertical entrainment created by the momentum deficit due to the wind farm power production. This harvests the jet's energy and aids wake recovery. However, when the LLJ is below the turbine rotor swept area, the wake recovery is very slow due to the low atmospheric turbulence above the LLJ. The energy budget analysis reveals that the entrainment fluxes are maximum and minimum when the LLJ is above and in the middle of the turbine rotor swept area, respectively. Surprisingly, we find that the negative shear creates a significant entrainment flux upward when the LLJ is below the turbine rotor swept area. This facilitates energy extraction from the jet, which is beneficial for the performance of downwind turbines.
Peierls Instability and Electron-Phonon Coupling in a One-dimensional Sodium Wire
Creators: name: Sen, Prasenjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied Peierls instability in an atomically thin wire of sodium atoms using first-principles density-functional methods. A Na wire has a stable uniform linear structure over a range of inter-atomic distances. At smaller inter-atomic distances it develops a zigzag distortion. At larger inter-atomic distances, just before breaking, a Na wire undergoes a very weak Peierls dimerization. This behavior of a Na wire is understood in terms of its electron-phonon coupling properties.
A minimal Length Uncertainty Approach to Cosmological Constant Problem
Creators: name: Diab, Abdel Magied
name: Tawfik, Abdel Nasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on quantum mechanical framework for the minimal length uncertainty, we demonstrate that the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) parameter could be best constrained by recent gravitational waves observations on one hand. On other hand this suggests modified dispersion relations (MDRs) enabling an estimation for the difference between the group velocity of gravitons and that of photons. Utilizing features of the UV/IR correspondence and the obvious similarities between GUP (including non-gravitating and gravitating impacts on Heisenberg uncertainty principle) and the discrepancy between the theoretical and the observed cosmological constant (apparently manifesting gravitational influences on the vacuum energy density), we suggest a possible solution for the cosmological constant problem.
description: 5 pages, 0 figures, an invited talk given at the int. Workshop on Astronomy and Relativistic Astrophysics (IWARA $2020$ Video Conference), accepted for publication in Astronomische Nachrichten
Aspects of proper differential sequences of ordinary differential equations
Creators: name: Euler, N.
name: Leach, P. G. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a proper differential sequence of ordinary differential equations and introduce a method to derive an alternative sequence of integrals for such a sequence. We describe some general properties which are illustrated by several examples.
description: 18 pages
Compositional Game Theory with Mixed Strategies: Probabilistic Open Games Using a Distributive Law
Creators: name: Ghani, Neil
name: Kupke, Clemens
name: Lambert, Alasdair
name: Forsberg, Fredrik Nordvall
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We extend the open games framework for compositional game theory to encompass also mixed strategies, making essential use of the discrete probability distribution monad. We show that the resulting games form a symmetric monoidal category, which can be used to compose probabilistic games in parallel and sequentially. We also consider morphisms between games, and show that intuitive constructions give rise to functors and adjunctions between pure and probabilistic open games.
description: In Proceedings ACT 2019, arXiv:2009.06334
On Principle of Inertia in Closed Universe
Creators: name: Guo, Han-Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If our universe is asymptotic to a de Sitter space, it should be closed with curvature in $O(Λ)$ in view of dS special relativity. Conversely, its evolution can fix on Beltrami systems of inertia in the dS-space without Einstein's `argument in a circle'. Gravity should be local dS-invariant based on localization of the principle of inertia.
description: 13 pages
Wages and jobs : essays in labour demand
Creators: name: Trott, Declan
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: HD5706.T76 2010
subject: Labor demand
subject: Wages
subject: Pay equity

description: This thesis contains four essays, of varying length, on the general theme of labour demand. An initial Overview describes the subjects of the different essays, and the links between them. Each essay also contains its own, more detailed, abstract. Part A considers the question 'Why Has Wage Inequality Risen Most Where Wage Shares Have Fallen Least?' In recent decades, most developed countries have experienced rising wage inequality and falling wage shares. The same causes have often been blamed for both trends. It is observed, however, that wage inequality has risen the most in those countries where wage shares have fallen the least, and vice-versa. The majority of existing theories are either theoretically or empirically unable to explain this puzzling relationship, which deserves much more attention than it has received. Part B combines the two shortest essays, 'A Note on the Elasticity of Demand for Homogenous Labour' and 'A Note on Immigration and Average Wages'. These argue, respectively, that commonly used labour demand elasticity formulae derived from the microeconomic conditions of a single industry are inappropriate for most macroeconomic applications, and that immigration should be considered as a shock to the growth rate of the labour force, rather than its level. Part C asks 'Why Don't Relative Wages Affect Employment (Very Much)?' It argues that several common explanations for these findings lack sufficient evidence to be persuasive, and proposes an alternative: that the demand for labour is much less elastic at the occupational level than at the aggregate level. This hypothesis is shown to be consistent with a range of stylized facts about the labour market, while the rival explanations are not. The Last Words offer some reflections on the findings, both empirical and theoretical, of the preceding essays, and their more general implications.
Frontier AI developers need an internal audit function
Creators: name: Schuett, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article argues that frontier artificial intelligence (AI) developers need an internal audit function. First, it describes the role of internal audit in corporate governance: internal audit evaluates the adequacy and effectiveness of a company's risk management, control, and governance processes. It is organizationally independent from senior management and reports directly to the board of directors, typically its audit committee. In the IIA's Three Lines Model, internal audit serves as the third line and is responsible for providing assurance to the board, while the Combined Assurance Framework highlights the need to coordinate the activities of internal and external assurance providers. Next, the article provides an overview of key governance challenges in frontier AI development: dangerous capabilities can arise unpredictably and undetected; it is difficult to prevent a deployed model from causing harm; frontier models can proliferate rapidly; it is inherently difficult to assess frontier AI risks; and frontier AI developers do not seem to follow best practices in risk governance. Finally, the article discusses how an internal audit function could address some of these challenges: internal audit could identify ineffective risk management practices; it could ensure that the board of directors has a more accurate understanding of the current level of risk and the adequacy of the developer's risk management practices; and it could serve as a contact point for whistleblowers. In light of rapid progress in AI research and development, frontier AI developers need to strengthen their risk governance. Instead of reinventing the wheel, they should follow existing best practices. While this might not be sufficient, they should not skip this obvious first step.
description: 42 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
HCN and HNC mapping of the protostellar core Cha-MMS1
Creators: name: Tennekes, P. P.
name: Harju, J.
name: Juvela, M.
name: Toth, L. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distributions of the isomeric molecules HCN and HNC and estimate their abundance ratio in the protostellar core Cha-MMS1 located in Chamaeleon {\sc i}. Methods. The core was mapped in the J=1-0 rotational lines of HCN, HNC, and HN13C. The column densities of H13CN, HN13C, H15NC and NH3 were estimated towards the centre of the core. Results. The core is well delineated in all three maps. The kinetic temperature in the core, derived from the NH3 (1,1) and (2,2) inversion lines, is 12.1+/-0.1 K. The HN13C/H13CN column density ratio is between 3 and 4, i.e. similar to values found in several other cold cores. The HN13C/H15NC column density ratio is about 7. In case no 15N fractionation occurs in HNC (as suggested by recent modelling results), the HNC/HN13C abundance ratio is in the range 30-40, which indicates a high degree of 13C fractionation in HNC. Assuming no differential 13C fractionation the HCN and HNC abundances are estimated to be about 7E-10 and about 2E-9, respectively, the former being nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than that of NH3. Using also previously determined column densities in Cha-MMS1, we can put the most commonly observed nitrogenous molecules in the following order according to their fractional abundances: X(NH3) > X(HC3N) > X(HNC) > X(HCN) > X(N2H+). Conclusions. The relationships between molecular abundances suggest that Cha-MMS1 represents an evolved chemical stage, experiencing at present the 'late-time' cyanopolyyne peak. The possibility that the relatively high HNC/HCN ratio derived here is only valid for the $^{13}$C isotopic substitutes cannot be excluded on the basis of the present and other available data.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Pseudo-Goldstone Excitations in a Striped Bose-Einstein Condensate
Creators: name: Li, Guan-Qiang
name: Luo, Xi-Wang
name: Hou, Junpeng
name: Zhang, Chuanwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Significant experimental progress has been made recently for observing long-sought supersolid-like states in Bose-Einstein condensates, where spatial translational symmetry is spontaneously broken by anisotropic interactions to form a stripe order. Meanwhile, the superfluid stripe ground state was also observed by applying a weak optical lattice that forces the symmetry breaking. Despite of the similarity of the ground states, here we show that these two symmetry breaking mechanisms can be distinguished by their collective excitation spectra. In contrast to gapless Goldstone modes of the \textit{spontaneous} stripe state, we propose that the excitation spectra of the \textit{forced} stripe phase can provide direct experimental evidence for the long-sought gapped pseudo-Goldstone modes. We characterize the pseudo-Goldstone mode of such lattice-induced stripe phase through its excitation spectrum and static structure factor. Our work may pave the way for exploring spontaneous and forced/approximate symmetry breaking mechanisms in different physical systems.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, and 4 page Supplementary Materials
Lexical elicitation: voice quality; Mann 1-71; other vocabulary
Creators: name: Tonprathum, Sompong
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: thm

description: Elicitation of words differing only in voice quality (modal, breathy, creaky) and words from Mann's MSEA Swadesh list 1-71 and other vocabulary. Recorded using Praat on a Macbook Pro early from 2011. Consultant is a 59-year-old male.