cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Memos to the SEC on the Proposed Rule on Disclosure of Payments by Resource Extraction Issuers: 1
Creators: name: Toledano, Perrine
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Investments--Government policy
subject: Mineral industries--Taxation--Law and legislation
subject: Natural resources--Taxation--Law and legislation
subject: Sustainable development
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Sustainability
subject: Natural resources—Management

description: CCSI strongly supports the transparency of contracts and tax flows. CCSI shares the belief of many stakeholders that transparency is essential to leverage extractive industries for sustainable development and is in the mutual interest of all stakeholders. However, some industry players continue to voice the concern that increased transparency would be harmful for their business. Therefore, CCSI is working to also establish the business case for transparency.

In one such case, some industry players have been lobbying against the regulations developed by the Security and Exchange Commission to implement the mandatory disclosure provisions of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act; section 1504 of that act requires all US listed companies to report detailed payments to governments on a project-by-project basis in all countries of operation. To support the SEC’s mandate in implementing the regulations, and to respond to some of the concerns of industry, CCSI identified the publicly listed extractive industry companies that disclose tax payments on a country-by-country basis and showed the correlation of this reporting practice with both higher financial performance and fewer reported incidences of human and environmental rights violations in the communities where they operate. In December 2011, these results were submitted to the US Securities & Exchange Commission to inform the regulatory deliberations of the Dodd Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act.

As implementation regulations of Section 1504 were still pending as of October 2015, CCSI consulted with the Publish What You Pay Network and a number of investors and submitted a second letter to the US Securities Exchange Commission. Recognizing the SEC’s mandate to protect investors, this letter provides 7 reasons why it is of utmost importance to maintain company-specific, project-level payment disclosure when issuing the new rules of Section 1504 in order to create improved efficiency in the capital markets.
I Beg to Differ: Taking Account of National Circumstances under the Paris Agreement, the ICAO Market-Based Measure, and the Montreal Protocol’s HFC Amendment
Creators: name: Biniaz, Susan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: International law
Treaties
Climatic changes
Environmental law

description: This paper explores the different ways in which negotiators to three recent environmental instruments accounted for different national circumstances in formulating commitments and other aspects of cooperation in the instruments. The author finds that the negotiators of these instruments have significantly expanded the arsenal of differentiation tools based on considerations pertaining to logic, fairness, limited capacity, and negotiating leverage.
Entanglement spectra of coupled S=1/2 spin chains in a ladder geometry
Creators: name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
name: Schliemann, John
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We study the entanglement spectrum of spin-1/2 XXZ ladders both analytically and numerically. Our analytical approach is based on perturbation theory starting either from the limit of strong rung coupling, or from the opposite case of dominant coupling along the legs. In the former case we find to leading order that the entanglement Hamiltonian is also of nearest-neighbor XXZ form although with an, in general, renormalized anisotropy. For the cases of XX and isotropic Heisenberg ladders no such renormalization takes place. In the Heisenberg case the second-order correction to the entanglement Hamiltonian consists of a renormalization of the nearest-neighbor coupling plus an unfrustrated next-nearest-neighbor coupling. In the opposite regime of strong coupling along the legs, we point out an interesting connection of the entanglement spectrum to the Lehmann representation of single-chain spectral functions of operators appearing in the physical Hamiltonian coupling the two chains.
Молодежный туризм как сегмент социального туризма в российском регионе: теория и практика
Creators: name: ДОНСКОВА Людмила Ивановна
name: РЕДЬКИН Александр Германович
name: ОТТО Ольга Витальевна
name: МАКАРОВ Андрей Анатольевич
name: МЯГКОВА Евгения Владимировна
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: социальный туризм
концепция
социальная инициатива
социальные группы населения
молодежный сегмент
социальная политика
условия и факторы
мотивация и предпочтения

description: Рассматривается молодежный туризм как сегмент социального туризма и часть внутреннего туризма, которому присущи социально-экономические черты и региональные особенности. Главная концепция исследования социального туризма и его организации учитывает как общероссийские факторы и условия, так и региональные особенности, а также главные мотивации в молодежном туризме. Цель настоящего исследования – выявить общее и особенное в исследованиях и его организации по проблемам социального туризма в молоде-жном сегменте, а также особенности, связанные с региональными факторами его развития в будущем. Методы или методология проведения работы включает общенаучные (абстрактно-логические, анализа и синтеза), эконо-мико-статистические методы, социологические методы: опрос, анкетирование. Результаты исследования: сфор-мирован научный подход к исследованию социального туризма, в том числе молодежном сегменте, в основе ко-торого учитываются специфические черты и территориальные факторы, а также основные мотивы молодежной группы населения. Результаты эмпирического исследования молодежного туризма характеризуют основные тен-денции и закономерности мотивов и предпочтений в выборе туристических программ и туристских центров, что связано с региональными факторами, лежащими в основе молодежного туризма. Область применения результа-тов: полученные результаты исследования в сфере молодежного туризма представляют в целом значимость и могут быть применены: в будущих научных исследованиях при формировании методологии исследования моло-дежного туризма с учетом социологического, экономического и социокультурного подходов, в которых охватить не только социальные и экономические вопросы, но и учитывать потребности и предпочтения человека в социальных группах; а также поставщикам туристических услуг необходимо адаптировать свои туристические продукты к нуж-дам и потребностям туристов, делая акцент на учет предпочтений представителей молодежных групп.
Образовательный туризм в России: современное состояние и перспективы развития
Creators: name: АВАГЯН Асмик Арменовна
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: образовательный туризм
составляющие
определения
перспективы развития

description: В статье поднимается проблема недостаточного развития образовательного туризма. Рас-смотрено понятие образовательного туризма, его ключевые составляющие и подходы разных исследователей к его определению. Методология исследования включает анализ недавних научных публикаций на тему образова-тельного туризма. Подчёркнута его роль для обучающихся по направлению «Туризм». Автором дана оценка со-временного состояния образовательного туризма, а также предложены возможные пути его развития. В качестве способов продвижения образовательного туризма предлагается разработка новых туров и маршрутов, расшире-ние сотрудничества с международными вузами в целях развития академического обмена, организация конкурсов на участие в образовательных турах, включение отдельных туров в учебную программу направления «Туризм», а также опциональная или обязательная самостоятельная разработка и прохождение студентами новых образова-тельных туров как часть практики, предусмотренной учебной программой. Отмечена важность финансовой сто-роны подобных образовательных туров, требующих определённых вложений. Результаты данной работы могут послужить дальнейшему исследованию концепта образовательного туризма в теории и могут быть применены на практике на пути к развитию этого направления, актуального и для студентов и преподавателей Российского гос-ударственного университета туризма и сервиса.
The running of the Schrödinger functional coupling from four‐flavour lattice QCD with staggered quarks
Creators: name: Perez-Rubio, Paula
name: Sint, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: strong coupling, lattice QCD, renormalization group
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 12.38.Gc
subject: 11.10.Gh
subject: 12.15.Ff
subject: 12.38.Bx

description: We present preliminary results for the running coupling in the Schrödinger functional scheme in QCD with four flavours. A single‐component staggered quark field is used on lattices of size (L/a)3×(L/a±1). This provides us with 2 different regularisations of the same renormalized coupling, and thus some control over the size of lattice artefacts. These are found to be comparatively large, calling for a more refined analysis, which still remains to be done.
description: AIP Conf. Proc. 1343
Инновации процессного подхода как фактор диверсификации туристско-рекреационных услуг
Creators: name: ОБОРИН Матвей Сергеевич
name: КУЗЬМИНА Евгения Евгеньевна
name: САРАЙКИНА Светлана Васильевна
name: ГОНЧАРОВА Оксана Владимировна
name: СОЛНЦЕВА Оксана Глебовна
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: процессный подход
бизнес-процесс
диверсификация
сфера услуг
туристско-рекреа-ционные услуги
модель бизнес-процессов

description: Статья посвящена актуализации процессного подхода в целях диверсификации сферы турист-ско-рекреационных услуг. Обосновано применение моделирования бизнес-процессов в условиях научно-техниче-ского прогресса. Приведены примере инноваций в туристско-рекреационно сфере, которые существенно повли-яют на оптимизацию деятельности и улучшение финансово-экономических результатов. Проанализированы по-казатели туристско-рекреационной сферы Пермского края. Разработана модель бизнес-процессов, которая поз-воляет оценить количественно-качественные эффекты от внедрения инноваций для диверсификации основной деятельности.
Emerging Practices in Community Development Agreements
Creators: name: Loutit, Jennifer
name: Mandelbaum, Jacqueline
name: Burke, Samuel V. S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Land use--Planning
subject: Land use--Government policy
subject: Investments
subject: Community development
subject: Community development--Environmental aspects
subject: Rural development
subject: Sustainable development
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Sustainability

description: Land-based investments can create significant grievances for local individuals or communities, and host governments seeking to address those grievances must navigate a complicated landscape of legal obligations and pragmatic considerations. This briefing note, funded by UK aid from the Department for International Development, focuses on practical solutions for governments confronting grievances that arise from large-scale investments in agricultural or forestry projects. It accompanies a more in depth report on similar issues, entitled Land deal dilemmas: Grievances, human rights, and investor protections.

The briefing note considers such solutions in the context of governments’ legal obligations, particularly those imposed by international investment law, international human rights law, and investor-state contracts. Understanding the implications of this diverse range of legal obligations is particularly important in light of investors’ growing recourse to international investment arbitration, which can expose a government to liability under an international investment treaty for actions that may be in the best interest of a country and its citizens. Analyzing such obligations is a useful first step for a government seeking to protect its citizens against the negative impacts of land-based investments.
Особенности и тенденции продвижения дополнительных профессиональных образовательных услуг
Creators: name: ДЕНИСЕНКО Игорь Анатольевич
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: дополнительное профессиональное образование
услуга
продвижение
маркетинг
осо-бенности продвижения
маркетинговые коммуникации

description: Автором обосновывается необходимость повышения эффективности каждой отрасли и сферы деятельности экономики народного хозяйства в контексте взаимосвязи уровня профессионализма его со-трудников и конечной эффективности работы предприятия за отчётный период. Проведённые автором исследо-вания в сфере управления персоналом организаций достоверно свидетельствуют, о влиянии компетентности штатного персонала фирмы, организации, учреждения на производительность труда при выполнении должност-ных инструкций, а также адаптации к быстроменяющимся факторам и особенностям профессиональной деятель-ности на занимаемой должности. В статье проанализировано состояние рынка дополнительных профессиональ-ных образовательных услуг. Акцентируется внимание на особенностях системы дополнительного профессиональ-ного образования и необходимости формирования стратегического планирования и тактики проведения марке-тинговой и коммуникационной деятельности в продвижении данных образовательных услуг при современных условиях хозяйствования. Дополнительное профессиональное образование и повышение квалификации рассмат-риваются как неотъемлемый элемент системы непрерывного образования. В статье рассматриваются возможные действия, нацеленные на повышение спроса услуг учебного заведения дополнительного образования. Анализи-руются основные маркетинговые коммуникации образовательного учреждения. На основе проведенного исследо-вания выявлены факторы, влияющие на продвижение образовательных услуг, и предложены рекомендации по разработке маркетинговых коммуникаций дополнительного профессионального образования. Также выделяются основные способы продвижения услуг дополнительного профессионального образования.
Dynamical current-current susceptibility of gapped graphene
Creators: name: Scholz, Andreas
name: Schliemann, John
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present analytical expressions for the current-current correlation function in graphene for arbitrary frequency, wave vector, doping, and band gap induced by a mass term. In the static limit, we analyze the Landau (orbital) and Pauli magnetization, as well as the Lindhard correction, which describes Friedel and Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida oscillations. In the nonrelativistic limit, we compare our results with the situation of the usual two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). We find that the orbital magnetic susceptibility (OMS) in gapped graphene is smeared out on an energy scale given by the inverse mass. The nonrelativistic limit of the plasmon dispersion and the Lindhard function reproduces the results of the 2DEG. The same conclusion is true for the Pauli part of the susceptibility. The peculiar band structure of gapped graphene leads to pseudospin paramagnetism and thus to a special form of the OMS.
Considering the Effects of Climate Change on Natural Resources in Environmental Review and Planning Documents: Guidance for Agencies and Practitioners
Creators: name: Wentz, Jessica A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Natural resources--Management--Planning
Natural resources—Management
Climatic changes

description: This report describes how climate change will affect natural resources in the United States, and explains why consideration of how climate change will affect those resources is necessary in order to fulfill legal requirements under NEPA and other statutes governing the management of these resources. It also presents examples of how climate change has been meaningfully accounted for in environmental review and planning documents. The accompanying protocol contains guidelines for considering the impacts of climate change in environmental reviews as well as other planning documents (e.g., resource management plans and resource assessments).
Mass endomorphism, surgery and perturbations
Creators: name: Ammann, Bernd
name: Dahl, Mattias
name: Hermann, Andreas
name: Humbert, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that the mass endomorphism associated to the Dirac operator on a Riemannian manifold is non-zero for generic Riemannian metrics. The proof involves a study of the mass endomorphism under surgery, its behavior near metrics with harmonic spinors, and analytic perturbation arguments.
STEM-Focused Technology-Mediated Advising Reform: Plans for Implementation by Four Colleges
Creators: name: Grant, Markeisha Nadrian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: College students--Services for--Evaluation
Counseling in higher education
Community college students--Education
Community colleges

description: In 2015 The Helmsley Charitable Trust provided grants to four Achieving the Dream (ATD) Leader Colleges to engage in STEM-specific iPASS reform beginning in fall 2016. iPASS, or Integrated Planning and Advising for Student Success, is a whole-school reform approach that uses technology to promote, support, and sustain long-term, intrusive advising relationships with students. As part of an evaluation of the colleges’ work, CCRC has conducted pre-implementation site visits and will conduct post-implementation visits at each of the four colleges. The primary goals of CCRC’s fieldwork are to understand (1) how iPASS is being implemented within the institutional context of each college, (2) how colleges are tailoring iPASS to meet the needs of STEM students, (3) whether colleges are experiencing transformative change over time, and (4) what effect iPASS appears to be having on student outcomes. This brief presents preliminary findings from the first round of site visits on how these four institutions are approaching STEM-focused iPASS, their rationale for selecting STEM students and programs as a focus for the reform, and their implementation plans. It also discusses early evidence of transformative change.
title:   Comparing Indirect Assessment Results to a Direct Function Focused Preference Assessment to Identify Potential Reinforcers to Increase Task Completion in a School Setting
Creators: name: Matthews, Kailee
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: FOS: Educational sciences
valueUri: http://www.oecd.org/science/inno/38235147.pdf

description: In the present study, a concurrent operant analysis (COA) was conducted for one elementary aged student in a publicly funded school to determine if the results yielded an interpretable outcome to identify a potential reinforcer to increase work completion. A simultaneous treatments design was used during the COA to assess choice making behavior. The results of the COA indicated the student’s choice making behavior was maintained by access to attention. An indirect measure of motivation was used as a secondary assessment to identify a potential reinforcer to increase work completion and to determine if the results would align with the outcomes of the COA. Results of the indirect assessment yielded different outcomes and indicated the students work completion behavior was maintained by access to tangibles. Outcomes of the assessments were used to develop a token economy where the student could earn their preferred reinforcers contingent upon work completion. An alternating treatments design was used to systematically compare work completion during sessions where the reinforcer identified by the COA were available to sessions were the reinforcer identified by the indirect assessment were available. Results indicated that working for either identified reinforcer increased work completion to 100% completion.
description: © 2023 Kailee Joy Matthews
SARS-CoV-2 Variant Identification within Accra Metropolis Post-Lockdown: Prevalence, Associations and Implications
Creators: name: Aboagye, Frank Twum
name: Acquah, Maame Ekua
name: Ashong, Yvonne
name: Owusu-Frimpong, Isaac
name: Egyam, Bill Clinton
name: Annison, Lawrence
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2
Variants
RT-PCR
Epidemiology
Allplex
Virus

description: Currently, sequencing is the only tool for identifying circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants. However, it is known to be an expensive and laborious approach involving high technical expertise. Considering the reduced adherence to preventive measures post-lockdown in Accra, this study presents an alternative method that leverages PCR for identifying circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Accra Metropolis post-lockdown. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted between July and November 2022. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from 268 consenting participants. Samples were subjected to nucleic acid extraction followed by a real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect and quantify SARS-CoV-2 RNA. SARS-CoV-2-positive samples were subsequently subjected to variant identification using rapid PCR. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 within the Accra Metropolis was 30.2%. Most of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was diagnosed in females, participants aged 41–50 years, and symptomatic participants. Participants aged ≤10 years and females recorded the highest viral load, while participants aged 41–50 had the highest number of infections. The SARS-CoV-2 variants detected were Alpha (64.2%), Delta (22.2%), and Omicron (13.6%). Predictors of SARS-CoV-2 infection identified were chills, cough, headache, body weakness, sore throat, and dyspnea, in order of decreasing association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. There was a strong association between symptom status, gender, and age and SARS-CoV-2 infection. There is a high prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 within the Accra Metropolis post-lockdown within the sampling period. The Alpha variant of SARS-CoV-2 is the predominant circulating variant, and persons presenting with symptoms are most likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19. Children aged ≤10 years serve as a reservoir for infection transmission.
Сравнительное исследование особенностей выражения национальной идентичности в русском и французском языках
Creators: name: ГАЗИЛОВ Магомед Газилович
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: национальная идентичность
русский язык
российская нация
французская нация.

description: Настоящая работа посвящена проблеме компаративного исследования национальной иден-тичности в современном русском и французском языках. Анализ языка как идентификатора национальной иден-тичности помогает понять и осознать национальную идентичность как свою, так и страны изучаемого языка, как на уроках родного, так и иностранного языков. На занятиях рассматриваются символика, история, культура и до-стопримечательности страны изучаемого языка, происходит их сравнение с символами, историей родной страны, с ее богатой культурой, что способствует формированию гражданского патриотизма, любви к своему народу, от-ветственности за его судьбу, помогает предотвратить потерю национальной идентичности у будущего поколения. Кроме того, воспитание патриотизма очень актуально именно в этом возрасте, когда у студентов начинают появ-ляться ценностные ориентиры. Практическая значимость работы заключается также в том, что полученные ре-зультаты исследования могут быть использованы на занятиях по русскому и иностранным языкам при формиро-вании социолингвистической компетенции, а также при разработке курсов по межкультурной коммуникации
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy and Gilbert damping in iron-rich Fe1−xSix thin films
Creators: name: Barsukov, Igor
name: Mankovsky, Sergey
name: Rubacheva, Anastasia
name: Meckenstock, Ralf
name: Spoddig, Detlef
name: Lindner, Juergen
name: Melnichak, Nikita
name: Krumme, Bernhard
name: Makarov, Sergey I.
name: Wende, Heiko
name: Ebert, Hubert
name: Farle, Michael
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik
subject: 75.30.Gw, 76.60.Es, 31.15.A-

description: The magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Fe1−xSix (0≤x≤0.4) epitaxial thin films on MgO(001) was studied by ferromagnetic resonance. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions of ab initio electronic structure calculations using the fully relativistic Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker Green's function method within spin-density-functional theory. The Gilbert damping α is found to be isotropic by theory and experiment with a minimum at the composition x=0.2.
Level crossings and zero-field splitting in the \{Cr$_8$\}-cubane spin-cluster by inelastic neutron scattering and magnetization studies
Creators: name: Vaknin, D.
name: Garlea, V. O.
name: Demmel, F.
name: Mamontov, E.
name: Nojiri, H.
name: Martin, C.
name: Chiorescu, I.
name: Qiu, Y.
name: Koegerler, P.
name: Fielden, J.
name: Engelhardt, L.
name: Rainey, C.
name: Luban, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inelastic neutron scattering in variable magnetic field and high-field magnetization measurements, at the milikelvin temperature range, were performed to gain insight into the low-energy magnetic excitation spectrum and the field-induced level crossings in the molecular spin cluster \{Cr$_8$\}-cubane. These complementary techniques provide consistent estimates of the lowest level-crossing field. The overall features of the experimental data are explained using an isotropic Heisenberg model, based on three distinct exchange interactions linking the eight Cr$^{\text{III}}$ paramagnetic centers (spins $s = 3/2$), that is supplemented with a relatively large molecular magnetic anisotropy term for the lowest S=1 multiplet. It is noted that the existence of the anisotropy is clearly evident from the magnetic field dependence of the excitations in the INS measurements, while the magnetization measurements are not sensitive to its effects.
Carbon doped InAlAs/InGaAs/InAs heterostructures: Tuning from n- to p-doping
Creators: name: Hirmer, Marika
name: Schuh, Dieter
name: Wegscheider, Werner
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: aluminium compounds, carbon, electrical conductivity, electron density, gallium arsenide, III-V semiconductors, indium compounds, semiconductor growth, semiconductor heterojunctions, two-dimensional hole gas
subject: 530 Physik
subject: 73.40.Kp

description: We fabricated carbondopedInAs/InxGa1−xAs/InxAl1−xAsheterostructures, which show p-type and n-type conductivity for different In contents. Two-dimensional hole gas in a structure with x=0.75 has been prepared in the ternary compound, despite the fact that carbon as an n-type dopant in InAs exhibits electron conductivity in InxGa1−xAs and InxAl1−xAs compounds with high indium content. A special doping design has been employed to obtain hole conductivity. As a result, the conductivity can be tuned from n-type to p-type with the In content and with different doping profiles in these structures.
Этика науки: ответственность современного ученого
Creators: name: САЕНКО Наталья Ряфиковна
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: философия науки
этика науки
этос науки
социальный институт науки
ответственность ученого
этика ответственности.

description: Статья посвящена анализу современного состояния этики науки. Поднимается вопрос о воз-можности и проблемах вмешательства этики в научную рациональность. С философской позиции даются предва-рительные ответы на следующие вопросы: Каким образом возможно включение этики в научный разум? Кто от-ветственен за деструктивное воздействие научных открытий и технических изобретений: ученый или потребитель технологий? Как организовать и наладить этический контроль за экспериментальной наукой? Какая этика способна плодотворно взаимодействовать с технологической рациональностью? Заявлена необходимость сущностных трансформаций современной этики науки в связи с глобальными изменениями соотношения «социальное – при-родное», воздействиями научных открытий и технологий на природу человека. Обзорно прослеживается решение названных вопросов в философии науки последних нескольких десятилетий. Анализируется оппозиция «вмеша-тельства – невмешательства» этических критериев в целеполагание научной деятельности. Помимо известных концепций Куна, Лакатоса, Фейерабенда, внимание авторов статьи останавливается на современных идеях Ганса Йонаса, который утверждает, что ответственность человека науки сегодня приобретает поистине вселенские мас-штабы. Саму необходимость новой этики Йонас обосновывает тем, что человечество стоит на краю гибели, будучи не в силах управлять собственной властью над природой и собственным естеством. Этика науки Йонаса раскры-вается в категориях бытия и ничто, ответственности и страха, она предполагает в первую очередь ответствен-ность за бытие человечества и страх перед его небытием. Высказывается предварительная рекомендация по консолидации научного сообщества, коммерческих структур и политических сил, на базе которой возможно фор-мирование эффективных, современных, действующих этических требований к ответственности ученого и науке как таковой.
Over-the-Counter Access to Oral Contraception: Reproductive Autonomy on Pharmacy Shelves or a Political Trojan Horse?
Creators: name: Mac Dougall, Sarah
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Oral contraceptives
subject: Health services accessibility
subject: Drug accessibility
subject: Reproductive rights
subject: Autonomy
subject: Drugs, Nonprescription
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: During the fall of 2014, in what seemed like a change of heart, Republican congressional candidates began calling for a policy that reproductive rights advocates have supported foryears. Over-the-counter ("OTC') oral contraception ("OC') became these candidates' way to connect with the women alienated by the Republican Party in recent elections. They emphasized how OTC access would allow women themselves, not employers or the government, to have control over contraceptive decisions. Liberals responded that this new effort was just a Trojan horse legalizing OTC access would not only increase the actual price tag on OC, but it would also remove OC from the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ' extended insurance coverage of contraception. Additionally, reproductive rights advocates noted that it is the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA'), not Congress, that legalizes OTC drugs, and the FDA has not received any applications from drug manufacturers who want to sell OC OTC. In reality, both sides have something ofa validargument. OTC OC wouldbe an important step toward reproductive autonomy for American women. It is also correct, however, that an immediate liberalization of OTC presents several issues, economically, politically, and culturally. Despite these valid critiques, OTC access for OC is a change that is worth the time and effort to move pastpolitics and get it right, for many reasons. Requiring insurance companies and Medicaid to reimburse women for OTC OC purchases is a step toward establishing an accessible market and ensuring corresponding reproductive autonomy for women in the United States, which should accompany legalization of OTC OC.
Parity by Comparison: The Case for Comparing Pregnant and Disabled Workers
Creators: name: Simon, Eliza H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In 2008, Congress enacted amendments to the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA ") that expanded the ADA s definition of "disability, "requiring employers to provide reasonable accommodations to workers with temporary impairments. This Article argues that the expansion of the protections of the ADA effectively expanded the protections of the Pregnancy Discrimination Act ("PDA'), too. As the Supreme Court recently reinforced in Young v. United Parcel Service, the PDA generally requires employers to treat pregnant workers "the same" as non-pregnant workers who are similar in their ability or inability to work. Therefore, to the extent that pregnancy-related impairments mirror impairments that are accommodated under the expanded ADA, pregnant workers, too, should be entitled to reasonable accommodations. Although some scholars and courts have suggested that ADA-covered employees cannot be proper comparators for PDA plaintiffs, I make the case that these workers can, and should, be compared First, I argue that PDA precedent requiring employers to treat pregnant workers the same as other impaired workers, as well as the legislative history of the PDA, compel this comparison. Second, I draw on two theoretical approaches intersectionality theory and "disruption" theory to demonstrate that denying ADA comparators to PDA plaintiffs ignores the unique intersectional nature of pregnancy, and would invite stereotyping, segregation, and discrimination. In conclusion, I note that the Supreme Court signaled in Young that courts should take a more expansive view of the types of evidence that can support a PDA claim, opening the door to a broader approach to the comparator question.
title: 9 Hindernisse für effektive Lehre
Creators: name: Rottmeier, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Zentrum für Hochschul- und Wissenschaftsdidaktik, Universität Regensburg
Year: 2023

description: Der Blogbeitrag stellt 9 cognitive challenges von Chew und Cerbin (2020) vor, die effective teaching und optimales Lernen ermöglichen. Die neun cognitive challenges müssen von Lehrenden bei der Gestaltung von jeder studentischen Lernumgebungen berücksichtigt werden. Die challenges sind: Mentales Mindset, Metakognition und Selbstregulation, Angst und Misstrauen, Unzureichendes Vorwissen, Fehlvorstellungen, Ineffektive Lernstrategien, Lerntransfer, Selektive Aufmerksamkeit und Kognitive Überlastung.
PrEP and Our Youth: Implications in Law and Policy
Creators: name: Burda, Jason Potter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: HIV infections—Prevention
subject: Age of consent
subject: Sexually transmitted diseases
subject: Public health
subject: Family planning
subject: Sex and law
subject: Youth
subject: HIV infections
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: In this Article, I draw upon public health, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial research to argue that PrEP is a necessary tool in the fight against HIV among youth. Thus, exploring the challenges of delivering PrEP to at-risk youth is essential. As a general rule, states mandate the involvement of parental figures in the healthcare of minors. However, recognizing that parental involvement in sensitive matters such as sexually transmitted infection (STI) treatment is a barrier to reaching youth, legislators have crafted limited exceptions to this rule. With the goal of locating inroads to confidential PrEP access in these exceptions, I survey STI, emancipation, and emergency consent laws, develop frameworks for navigating them, and suggest that STI laws offer the most promise of offering confidential PrEP access. Further, I posit that providing PrEP at clinics receiving Title X family planning funds, which must offer confidential services to youth, may be a national means of achieving that end. Yet guaranteeing accessibility is only one piece of the delivery puzzle; guaranteeing acceptability is a second. As such, I propose the addition of PrEP to sexual education programming funded by grants from the ACA s Personal Responsibility Education Program, which would ensure that curricula include PrEP alongside more established prevention methods such as condoms. Overcoming these barriers will pave the way for rapid uptake of future HIV prevention innovations for and among the most vulnerable: our youth.
Using Title IX and the Model of Public Housing to Prevent Housing Discrimination Against Survivors of Sexual Assaults on College Campuses
Creators: name: Cleary, Shannon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rape
subject: Public housing
subject: College campuses
subject: Discrimination in housing
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: I will therefore argue in this Note that Title IX compliance must include procedures for guaranteed safe housing after an assault. Because so few students do file complaints with their universities, I will argue that these procedures should be available regardless of police involvement or whether a student files a formal complaint. In Part I, I will explain how sexual assaults fit within the Title IX framework of discrimination. In Part II, I will provide a brief history of how Title IX has been used in response to campus sexual assaults in the lead up to the current wave of complaints. I will also give an overview of the OCR guidelines regarding how colleges and universities should handle reports of sexual assaults within their campus communities and what the role of housing has been in complaints thus far. In Part III, I will analyze a campus survey conducted at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to show how current reporting mechanisms are underutilized for a variety of reasons, including the inability of survivors to label their experiences. In Part IV, I will examine how public housing attempts to ensure the safety of residents who are survivors of domestic violence. Lastly, in Part V, I will show how public housing policies can be adapted to fit within a university system, guiding how and when universities can move students accused of assault and ways to move complainants that are not stigmatizing or isolating. Such policies could limit discrimination against survivors who seek safer housing that does not impair their access to education and will give universities more guidance on how to comply with Title IX.
Climate Change: Like an Asteroid
Creators: name: Wagner, Gernot
name: Weitzman, Martin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Climatic changes
Precautionary principle

description: The threat of climate change must be taken far more seriously, before it is too late.

If a civilization-as-we-know-it-altering asteroid were hurtling toward Earth, scheduled to hit a decade hence, and it had, say, a 5% chance of striking the planet, we would surely pull out all the stops to try to deflect its path.

This essay is adapted from “Climate Shock: The Economic Consequences of a Hotter Planet” by Wagner and Weitzman (February 2015).
Introduction to Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics with Quantum Field
Creators: name: Kita, Takafumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we present a concise and self-contained introduction to nonequilibrium statistical mechanics with quantum field theory by considering an ensemble of interacting identical bosons or fermions as an example. Readers are assumed to be familiar with the Matsubara formalism of equilibrium statistical mechanics such as Feynman diagrams, the proper self-energy, and Dyson's equation. The aims are threefold: (i) to explain the fundamentals of nonequilibrium quantum field theory as simple as possible on the basis of the knowledge of the equilibrium counterpart; (ii) to elucidate the hierarchy in describing nonequilibrium systems from Dyson's equation on the Keldysh contour to the Navier-Stokes equation in fluid mechanics via quantum transport equations and the Boltzmann equation; (iii) to derive an expression of nonequilibrium entropy that evolves with time. In stage (i), we introduce nonequilibrium Green's function and the self-energy uniquely on the round-trip Keldysh contour, thereby avoiding possible confusions that may arise from defining multiple Green's functions at the very beginning. We try to present the Feynman rules for the perturbation expansion as simple as possible. In particular, we focus on the self-consistent perturbation expansion with the Luttinger-Ward thermodynamic functional, i.e., Baym's Phi-derivable approximation, which has a crucial property for nonequilibrium systems of obeying various conservation laws automatically. We also show how the two-particle correlations can be calculated within the Phi-derivable approximation, i.e., an issue of how to handle the "Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvons (BBGKY) hierarchy".
description: 78 pages, 14 figures, invited paper (free access) of Prog. Theor. Phys. http://ptp.ipap.jp/link?PTP/123/581/
Reading risk : credit rating and the politics of municipal debt
Creators: name: Omstedt, Tuve Mikael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Since the Great Recession, the dynamics of municipal debt have moved to the center of American urban politics. In this context, the once obscure credit rating agencies have become key institutions in the processes of financialization and austerity unfolding across the municipal landscape. The following thesis seeks to interrogate this new urban “regime of financial control,” unpacking the credit rating process and exploring how local actors relate to its imperatives. Drawing on interviews with credit rating analysts in New York and local financial professionals in New Jersey, it follows the ratings from the headquarters of the agencies to the city finance departments which mediates their impact on urban everyday life. Chapter 1 introduces the thesis by discussing the “return” of the urban fiscal crisis since the breakdown of the subprime mortgage market in 2007-2008, arguing that the dynamics of the municipal bond market are crucial to comprehended at this historical moment. Thereafter, Chapter 2 provides an overview of that market and its shifting character since the 1970s. Building on these foundations, Chapter 3 opens the “black box” of the rating process. Drawing on renewed interest in value theory under conditions of financialization, it argues that the rating process pivots around a key contradiction between on the one hand understanding the concrete uncertainties of investing in place and on the hand inevitably having to abstract from these to compare investment risk across space. Stepping outside the agencies, Chapter 4 examines the nature of credit rating power. Drawing on a case study of New Jersey it argues that, rather than descending from above, the urban politics of “creditworthiness” is co-constructed in the interactions between rating analysts, local financial professionals and the state’s regulation of municipal finance. Lastly, Chapter 5 concludes the thesis by highlighting the violent effects of municipal indebtedness.
Pure Dimension and Projectivity of Tropical Polytopes
Creators: name: Izhakian, Zur
name: Johnson, Marianne
name: Kambites, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16Y60, 14T05, 20M10

description: We study how geometric properties of tropical convex sets and polytopes, which are of interest in many application areas, manifest themselves in their algebraic structure as modules over the tropical semiring. Our main results establish a close connection between pure dimension of tropical convex sets, and projectivity (in the sense of ring theory). These results lead to a geometric understanding of idempotency for tropical matrices. As well as their direct interest, our results suggest that there is substantial scope to apply ideas and techniques from abstract algebra (in particular, ring theory) in tropical geometry.
description: Updated with author accepted manuscript, references improved, main results unchanged from previous version
Становление и развитие гражданского общества в России: история и современность
Creators: name: БУТОРОВ Сергей Алексеевич
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: гражданское общество
общественное согласие
референдум
тип социального устрой-ства
правовой нигилизм
опрос общественного мнения
правосознание
правоприменительная практика

description: В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с институционализацией и развитием совре-менного гражданского общества в России; дается краткая история его становления; приводятся теоретические положения видных представителей отечественной обществоведческой мысли рубежа XIX – XX столетий, которые являются предсказателями перспектив его построения в российском государстве; даются сущностные характери-стики гражданского общества; выявляются достижения и проблемы, возникшие в процессе его формирования. Особое внимание автор придает основным признакам этого типа социального устройства. Значительное место в статье отводится рассмотрению тех рычагов и механизмов, при помощи которых обеспечивается его становление и развитие. В работе подчеркивается, что гражданское общество – принципиально новое явление в правосознании россиян. Автор приходит к выводу, что построение гражданского общества представляет собой не единовремен-ный акт, а долгий и многосложный процесс. Потребуется значительный период времени, прежде чем будут сфор-мированы его основные институты. Становление гражданского общества в России находится в начальной стадии своего развития. Его построение всецело зависит как от верховной власти, так и самих граждан.
Причины гендерные конфликтов в межличностном общении
Creators: name: КОНЯГИНА Людмила Николаевна
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: потребность в общении
феномен общения
социальные роли мужчины и женщины
действующие стереотипы общения
обмен информацией
конфликтные ситуации
конфликты
гендер
гендерный аспект
межличностные взаимоотношения
барьеры общения.

description: Каждый человек участвует в процессе обмена информацией во всех сферах жизни, и эффек-тивность коммуникационного процесса влияет на успешность жизни в целом. Если нарушается процесс обмена информацией, то снижает эффективность нашей жизни. Общение является феноменом общественного бытия, его потребностью, т.к. порождено совместной жизнедеятельностью людей. В общении, зарождаются групповые эффекты, трансформируются психические потенциалы партнёров социального взаимодействия в человеческие отношения и качества личности, решаются жизненно важные задачи общностей и индивидуумов. Актуальность темы работы связана с постановкой проблемы в исследовании: причины гендерные конфликтов в межличностного общения. Цель: сравнить аспекты межличностного взаимодействия и показать различие гендерных аспектов меж-личностного общения людей возрастной категории от 25 до 35 лет. Объект: межличностное общение. Предмет: связь гендерных отличий с барьерами общения. Гипотеза: одним из факторов барьеров межличностного общения являются гендерные отличия людей
Правовые аспекты управления big data в странах БРИКС и ШОС
Creators: name: ФЕДУЛОВ Игорь Николаевич
name: КВАЧ Ирина Валериевна
Publisher: name: Сервис plus
Year: 2019
Subjects: Большие данные
big data
персональные данные
защита информации
БРИКС
ШОС
интернет.

description: Настоящая статья посвящена обзору законодательства в сфере персональных данных стран, входящих в БРИКС и Шанхайскую организацию сотрудничества, на предмет отражения феномена «больших дан-ных». Приведены подходы к определению «больших данных», а также существующие точки зрения на необходи-мость их правового регулирования. Проведен анализ существующего законодательства о персональных данных на предмет регулирования оборота «больших данных». Показано, что «большие данные» не укладываются в пол-ной мере в действующие нормы законодательства о персональных данных и существует необходимость выра-ботки правового определения феномена «больших данных», независимого от персональной информации, а также осмысления и уточнения ряда фундаментальных понятий информационного права, таких как, например, «личная тайна», в свете новых технологических реалий