cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pilocarpus
Creators: name: Allevato, Daniella M.
name: Groppo, Milton
name: Kiyota, Eduardo
name: Mazzafera, Paulo
name: Nixon, Kevin C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Sapindales
Rutaceae
Pilocarpus

description: 2.1. Phylogeny of Pilocarpus
 All three methods (Parsimony, Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood) confirmed that Pilocarpus species are monophyletic, and the genus is made up of two major clades (Fig. 2). These two major clades are geographically defined: Clade 1 (P. microphyllus Stapf ex Wardlew., P. trachyllophus Holmes, P. carajaensis Skorupa, P. jaborandi Holmes, P. racemosus Vahl, P. peruvianus (J.F. Macbr.) Kaastra) present in the tropical northern region of Brazil as well as Central America, and Clade 2 (P. grandiflorus Engl., P. riedelianus Engl., P. sulcatus Skorupa, P. spicatus A. St. -Hil., P. giganteus Engl., and P. pauciflorus A. St. -Hil. ) present in mid-coastal to southern regions of Brazil. In addition, these two clades are subtended by P. pennatifolius Lem., which is determined to be the first branch of the Pilocarpus clade according to both Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood estimates. However, the Parsimony analysis resulted in the placement of both P. pennatifolius and P. peruvianus as the first branch. This uncertainty can be confirmed in both the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses, which portray less certainty (via posterior probabilities and bootstrap support) when placing P. peruvianus at the base of Clade 1 (Clade with P. microphyllus) (Fig. 2). There has only been one other study on the phylogeny of Pilocarpus, and it was estimated using Bayesian methods and with the following genes: trn G-S, 5.8S, ITS 1 and 2 (Oliveira, 2008). In this study, P. peruvianus was placed at the base, and P. pennatifolius was nested within the monophyletic clade of Pilocarpus, as a sister clade of P. spicatus (Oliveira, 2008). For our comparative analyses we chose to use the branch lengths from our Bayesian phylogenetic tree, as we calibrated the tree using Ptelea fossils (Fig. 2c).
description: Published as part of Allevato, Daniella M., Groppo, Milton, Kiyota, Eduardo, Mazzafera, Paulo & Nixon, Kevin C., 2019, Evolution of phytochemical diversity in Pilocarpus (Rutaceae), pp. 132-146 in Phytochemistry 163 on page 133, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.03.027, http://zenodo.org/record/10482765
Synthesis and Applications of New N-Functionalised Iodine Compounds
Creators: name: Yixin Xie
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In this thesis, the synthesis, characterization and application, in a series of model organic synthetic reactions, of N-coordinated iodonium(I) salts and N-functionalised hypervalent iodine(III) chlorides and fluorides is described.In Chapter 2 the synthesis and characterization of novel N-coordinated iodonium(I) salts with multiple substituent groups based on IPy2BF4 is presented. Five-membered ring N-functionalised hypervalent Cl-I(III) and F-I(III) compounds are readily synthesized in excellent yields from para-substituted benzylamide compounds using TClCA and Selectfluor respectively. Their synthesis and characterization are compared with those of various O-functionalised hypervalent Cl-I(III) and F-I(III) compounds. X-ray crystallography reveals T-shaped geometries for these species and their structural data are compared with literature precedents. In Chapter 3 the applications of the new N-coordinated iodonium(I) salts in the iodination of aromatic compounds and iodocyclisation reactions are described. In Chapter 4 the applications of the new N-functionalised chlorobenzoiodazolone compounds as electrophilic chlorinating reagents in the chlorination of ethyl benzoylacetate and 1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dione, and the oxychlorination of styrene is presented. In addition, their reactivities are compared with those of two O-functionalised chlorobenziodoxolone compounds. In Chapter 5 the applications of the new N-functionalised fluorobenzoiodazolone compounds as electrophilic fluorinating reagents in the fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, the intramolecular fluorocyclisation of unsaturated carboxylic acids and the attempted geminal difluorination of α,α’-disubstituted styrenes is described, and their reactivities are compared with those of O-functionalised fluoroiodane. NMR studies in hexafluoroisopropanol reveal hydrogen-bonding between the fluorobenzoiodazolones and the solvent which may activate these compounds. Chapter 6 includes full experimental and characterization data for the chemistry outlined in Chapters 2-5.
A NOTE ON ALTERNTIVE MARKET AND GOVERNMENTAL RISK TRANSFERENCE MECHANISMS
Creators: name: Fackler, Paul L.
name: Fackler, Paul L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The major mechanisms for the transference of price and output risk by crop producers are examined. These include the use of futures and options contracts, government price-support and deficiency-payments programs, and crop insurance. Iso-revenue curves are used to highlight the distinctions between these alternatives.
Challenging gender norms in contemporary Colombian cinema: an examination of female representation in post-2003 films
Creators: name: Valderrama-Burgos, Karol C.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Female characters in Colombian cinema tend to be associated with notions of submissiveness, victimisation, or objectification, showing certain uniformity and repetition, regardless of the film. Even though gender codes apparently play a significant part when constructing female images in films in Latin America, there is a group of female characters of Colombian films made from 2003 onwards that go beyond standardised gender and social norms. Therefore, this thesis seeks to critically analyse how women are represented in post-2003 Colombian fiction films, regarding traditional patriarchal norms, and after the sanction of the 814 Cinema Law, which has had a positive impact in the Colombian film sector. The interdisciplinary theoretical framework that comprises film, feminist, and postcolonial/subaltern theories, enlightens the textual analysis of a total of eleven films. The thematic approach focusses on representations of subversive female silence and submission, female roles and types of emancipations within illegal armed organisations, and transgressive female sexuality and desire. Accordingly, the research argues the extent to which female characters derive from entrenched perspectives on gender roles and femininity within patriarchal models, whether these representations raise questions about gender norms in an attempt to transgress them, or whether these films offer alternative models of women within films. Ultimately, this thesis contributes to developing further discussions on the examination of women’s images in Colombian cinema, considering the limited attention given to the subject matter. Likewise, this research highlights the significance of alternative representations of gender in Colombia, in an era when Latin American female voices stress the very possibility of a visible subversion of patriarchy and chauvinism.
A robust and efficient algorithm to find profile likelihood confidence intervals
Creators: name: Fischer, Samuel M.
name: Lewis, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Profile likelihood confidence intervals are a robust alternative to Wald's method if the asymptotic properties of the maximum likelihood estimator are not met. However, the constrained optimization problem defining profile likelihood confidence intervals can be difficult to solve in these situations, because the likelihood function may exhibit unfavorable properties. As a result, existing methods may be inefficient and yield misleading results. In this paper, we address this problem by computing profile likelihood confidence intervals via a trust-region approach, where steps computed based on local approximations are constrained to regions where these approximations are sufficiently precise. As our algorithm also accounts for numerical issues arising if the likelihood function is strongly non-linear or parameters are not estimable, the method is applicable in many scenarios where earlier approaches are shown to be unreliable. To demonstrate its potential in applications, we apply our algorithm to benchmark problems and compare it with 6 existing approaches to compute profile likelihood confidence intervals. Our algorithm consistently achieved higher success rates than any competitor while also being among the quickest methods. As our algorithm can be applied to compute both confidence intervals of parameters and model predictions, it is useful in a wide range of scenarios.
description: Keywords: computer algorithm; constrained optimization; parameter estimation; estimability; identifiability
Observation of Modulated Quadrupolar Structures in PrPb3
Creators: name: Onimaru, T.
name: Sakakibara, T.
name: Aso, N.
name: Yoshizawa, H.
name: Suzuki, H. S.
name: Takeuchi, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron diffraction measurements have been performed on the cubic compound PrPb3 in a [001] magnetic field to examine the quadrupolar ordering. Antiferromagnetic components with q=(1/2+-d 1/2 0), (1/2 1/2+-d 0) (d~1/8) are observed below the transition temperature TQ (0.4 K at H=0) whose amplitudes vary linear with H and vanish at zero field, providing the first evidence for a modulated quadrupolar phase. For H<1 T, a non-square modulated state persists even below 100 mK suggesting quadrupole moments associated with a Gamma3 doublet ground state to be partially quenched by hybridization with conduction electrons.
description: Physical Review Letters, in press. 4 pages, 4 figures
Obesity and Vitamin D3 supplementation as modulators of tumour development and the immune microenvironment
Creators: name: Al-Zubaidi, Rafah O. H.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Considerable recent attention has focused on obesity as a major global health problem. Obese individuals are at increased risk not only for metabolic syndrome, but also for different types of cancer including melanoma. The consequences for melanoma tumour development was explored with a high fat diet (HFD) which induced obesity in a Low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR-/-/C57BL/6) mice. Additionally, the presence or absence of dietary Vitamin D3 supplementation (in HFD fed mice) on melanoma tumour growth was examined. In vitro assays demonstrated the key role that fatty acids (FAs) (either purified or present in the serum of HFD fed animals) had on the properties of B16-F10 and macrophages. FAs and serum from HFD fed mice fuelled B16F10 melanoma growth and led to an increase in cell proliferation, migration, lipid inclusion and altered chemokine production. Furthermore, FAs also enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators by macrophages. VitD3 affected B16-F10 in a dose dependent manner. However, VitD3 supplemented HFD serum increased B16-F10 proliferation. In the in vivo part, LDLR-/- mice were subjected to different types of diet (HFD, VitD3 supplemented HFD and control diet) for two or ten weeks prior to syngeneic implantation of B16-F10. After two weeks post-injection of B16-F10, HFD feeding increased tumour growth combined with increases in adipose tissues in LDLR-/- tumour bearing mice, induced inflammation; modulated expression of specific receptors implicated in obesity (GPR120 and Leptin receptors). Interestingly, VitD3 given to mice fed HFD was unable to reverse the effect of HFD, led to increase tumour masses and reduction in CD4+CD25+FOXP3+Tregs population. In conclusion, an obesogenic diet modulates melanoma tumour growth by establishing both chronic inflammation and potentially an immune suppressive microenvironment. Unexpectedly, vitamin D3 supplemented HFD promoted melanoma tumour progression in obese LDLR-/- mice, revealing the potential risk of vitamin D3 supplementation on a background of obesity mediated cancer.
A GENERALIZED STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE PROGRAM FOR THE IBM PC
Creators: name: Goh, Siew
name: Shih, Chao-Chyuan
name: Cochran, Mark J.
name: Raskin, Rob
name: Goh, Siew
name: Shih, Chao-Chyuan
name: Cochran, Mark J.
name: Raskin, Rob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: A microcomputer program to perform Generalized Stochastic Dominance (GSD), Quasi-Second Degree Dominance (SSD), and Quasi-First Degree Stochastic Dominance (FSD) is described. The program is designed to run on IBM-compatible personal computers with a Hercules or CGA graphics adapter. It is menu-driven and has options for GSD, quasi-FSD, quasi-SSD, graphics, and calculations of premiums associated with use of dominant distributions.
Implications of Dynamical Generation of Standard-Model Fermion Masses
Creators: name: Christensen, Neil D.
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that if quark and lepton masses arise dynamically, then in a wide class of theories the corresponding running masses $m_{f_j}(p)$ exhibit the power-law decay $m_{f_j}(p) \propto Λ_j^2/p^2$ for Euclidean momenta $p >> Λ_j$, where $f_j$ is a fermion of generation $j$, and $Λ_j$ is the maximal scale relevant for the origin of $m_{f_j}$. We estimate resultant changes in precision electroweak quantities and compare with current data. It is found that this data allows the presence of such corrections. We also note that this power-law decay renders primitively divergent fermion mass corrections finite.
description: 4 pages, latex
Additional file 1 of Close contact infection dynamics over time: insights from a second large-scale social contact survey in Flanders, Belgium, in 2010-2011
Creators: name: Hoang, Thang Van
name: Coletti, Pietro
name: Yimer Wasihun Kifle
name: Kerckhove, Kim Van
name: Vercruysse, Sarah
name: Willem, Lander
name: Beutels, Philippe
name: Niel Hens
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1 Descriptive data analysis of the 2010-2011 dataset
Follow the Leader: A Critical Analysis of Leadership, Followership and Wellbeing in Policing
Creators: name: Floyd, Keith A.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This research investigates the extent to which police leadership would benefit from consideration of the concept of ‘followership’. The research approach is influenced by Critical Leadership Studies (CLS) principles of challenging assumptions about asymmetrical power dynamics and leader-centric leadership styles. The research question asks how an appreciation of followership theory could contribute to the development of police leadership, in turn improving follower wellbeing. Four research aims informed the research approach. 1) Examination of police leadership through a CLS lens from the perspective of followers. 2) Analysis of the leader follower relationship. 3) Provision of an evidence base informing the development of leadership models to meet current policing challenges whilst satisfying the wellbeing needs of followers. 4) Analysis of the factors which effect leadership, followership and wellbeing. A mixed–method approach was designed to answer the research question and satisfy the research aims. Research method one featured quantitative analysis of a national online questionnaire, producing data on leadership style, followership typology and the relationship between leaders and followers. Research method two involved analysis of qualitative data from the questionnaire and a series of interviews conducted with practitioners and academics; expanding on the questionnaire findings whilst further exploring the individual, organisational, external and theoretical factors which influence the leader follower relationship in contemporary policing. The unique contribution of the study is the provision of the ‘Ideal Follower Leadership’ theoretical framework which reveals the most important factors informing optimal leader follower relationships. The thesis also maps, for the first time, the wide range of factors influencing the formulation of such relationships and how these factors could be enhanced, enabling better leadership, followership and wellbeing in the future. The potential impact of this study is to contribute to the design of police leadership training by developing an appreciation of followership from theory into practice.
Modeling and Uncertainty Analysis of Groundwater Level Using Six Evolutionary Optimization Algorithms Hybridized with ANFIS, SVM, and ANN
Creators: name: Seifi, Akram
name: Ehteram, Mohammad
name: Singh, Vijay P.
name: Mosavi, Amir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68T07

description: In the present study, six meta-heuristic schemes are hybridized with artificial neural network (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy interface system (ANFIS), and support vector machine (SVM), to predict monthly groundwater level (GWL), evaluate uncertainty analysis of predictions and spatial variation analysis. The six schemes, including grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA), cat swarm optimization (CSO), weed algorithm (WA), genetic algorithm (GA), krill algorithm (KA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), were used to hybridize for improving the performance of ANN, SVM, and ANFIS models. Groundwater level (GWL) data of Ardebil plain (Iran) for a period of 144 months were selected to evaluate the hybrid models. The pre-processing technique of principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce input combinations from monthly time series up to 12-month prediction intervals. The results showed that the ANFIS-GOA was superior to the other hybrid models for predicting GWL in the first piezometer and third piezometer in the testing stage. The performance of hybrid models with optimization algorithms was far better than that of classical ANN, ANFIS, and SVM models without hybridization. The percent of improvements in the ANFIS-GOA versus standalone ANFIS in piezometer 10 were 14.4%, 3%, 17.8%, and 181% for RMSE, MAE, NSE, and PBIAS in the training stage and 40.7%, 55%, 25%, and 132% in testing stage, respectively. The improvements for piezometer 6 in train step were 15%, 4%, 13%, and 208% and in the test step were 33%, 44.6%, 16.3%, and 173%, respectively, that clearly confirm the superiority of developed hybridization schemes in GWL modeling. Uncertainty analysis showed that ANFIS-GOA and SVM had, respectively, the best and worst performances among other models. In general, GOA enhanced the accuracy of the ANFIS, ANN, and SVM models.
description: 42 pages, 11 figures
XI - XVII əsrlər Qəzvin vilayətinin türbələri
Creators: name: Kheiri, Ali
name: Vilayət  Hidayət Oğlu Kərimov
name: Zahedeh Mammadova
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120102 Architectural Heritage and Conservation
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 120103 Architectural History and Theory
subject: 120104 Architectural Science and Technology (incl. Acoustics, Lighting, Structure and Ecologically Sustainable Design)
subject: 120105 Architecture Management
subject: 120199 Architecture not elsewhere classified
subject: 120201 Building Construction Management and Project Planning
subject: 120301 Design History and Theory
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 210102 Archaeological Science
subject: FOS: History and archaeology
subject: 210199 Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: 210103 Archaeology of Asia, Africa and the Americas
subject: 130203 Economics, Business and Management Curriculum and Pedagogy
subject: FOS: Educational sciences
subject: 210202 Heritage and Cultural Conservation
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 210108 Historical Archaeology (incl. Industrial Archaeology)
subject: 210399 Historical Studies not elsewhere classified
subject: 219999 History and Archaeology not elsewhere classified
subject: History
subject: 220203 History and Philosophy of Engineering and Technology
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: The purpose of research: Historical memorial buildings in Qazvin province in 11 to 17 century were one of the major roots of memorial architecture and an impressive way to recognize the architectural of Iran and its region.At the same time is a way to recognize and promote historical and memorial architectural which draws all attentions to itself.As well as archives and images can be provide a significant amount of resources in this study, monuments (memorial tomb) - tombs, shrines and monasteries (Khangah) - architectural properties and composition are in deep study.Основная цель исследования изучение этапов и направлений развития, определение генетических корней возникновения архитектуры мавзолеев области Газвин XI – XVII вв. Также целью является пропаганда этих памятников, создание иллюстративных цифровых материалов для архивов. В работе дается широкое ислледование архитектурно-композиционных особенностей памят-ников, находящихся на территории области, таких как – мавзолеи, имамзаде, ханега и т.д.
Additional file 2 of Close contact infection dynamics over time: insights from a second large-scale social contact survey in Flanders, Belgium, in 2010-2011
Creators: name: Hoang, Thang Van
name: Coletti, Pietro
name: Yimer Wasihun Kifle
name: Kerckhove, Kim Van
name: Vercruysse, Sarah
name: Willem, Lander
name: Beutels, Philippe
name: Niel Hens
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 2 Data mining techniques
MARKET INFORMATION SYSTEMS: AN ONLINE AGRICULTURAL MARKET NEWS RETRIEVAL SYSTEM
Creators: name: VanSickle, John J.
name: Stevens, Thomas J.
name: VanSickle, John J.
name: Stevens, Thomas J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: A minicomputer online information retrieval program is described that is designed to facilitate timely distribution of agricultural market news to state and county research and extension faculty. These faculty have designed programs that extend this information to clientele in their areas. An evaluation indicates that users find great value in this network. Usage has grown rapidly over the period the network has been available. This program is available and can be used by other states and clientele.
Spectral Theories and Topological Strings on del Pezzo Geometries
Creators: name: Moriyama, Sanefumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by understanding M2-branes, we propose to reformulate partition functions of M2-branes by quantum curves. Especially, we focus on the backgrounds of del Pezzo geometries, which enjoy Weyl group symmetries of exceptional algebras. We construct quantum curves explicitly and turn to the analysis of classical phase space areas and quantum mirror maps. We find that the group structure helps in clarifying previous subtleties, such as the shift of the chemical potential in the area and the identification of the overall factor of the spectral operator in the mirror map. We list the multiplicities characterizing the quantum mirror maps and find that the decoupling relation known for the BPS indices works for the mirror maps. As a result, with the group structure we can present explicitly the statement for the correspondence between spectral theories and topological strings on del Pezzo geometries.
description: 63 pages, 22 eps figures; clarifications added and references added
Taalportaal: Afrikaans phonology, morphology, and syntax
Creators: name: Huyssteen, Gerhard B. Van
Publisher: name: North-West University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200322 Comparative Language Studies
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200408 Linguistic Structures (incl. Grammar, Phonology, Lexicon, Semantics)

description: Taalportaal comprises comprehensive, comparative, online grammars for Afrikaans, Dutch, and Frisian, written in English by experts in the respective fields. The Afrikaans section on Taalportaal is the result of a project of Virtual Institute for Afrikaans (VivA). The first phase of the project ran from October 2014 to April 2020; the first topics were released publicly on 6 February 2016, and the final topics on 21 May 2020. The aim of the project was to develop a comprehensive, comparative, scientific online grammar (phonology, morphology, and syntax, as well as bibliography) of Afrikaans – building on a long and rich tradition of linguistics in and on Afrikaans. Of course, this is a task and project that could never be completed for a living language. In that sense, Taalportaal is merely a foundation for – hopefully – plentiful more future research on Afrikaans linguistics.[Van Huyssteen was editor-in-chief of the project.]
REDUCED RISK ROTATIONS FOR FRESH VEGETABLE CROPS: AN ANALYSIS FOR THE SAND MOUNTAIN AND TENNESSEE VALLEY REGIONS OF ALABAMA
Creators: name: Zwingli, Michael E.
name: Hardy, William E.
name: Adrian, John L.
name: Zwingli, Michael E.
name: Hardy, William E.
name: Adrian, John L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: A mixed integer linear programming model was developed to simulate the decision environment faced by an entry-level vegetable producer contemplating production for the wholesale market. The model includes activities which permitted consideration of 13 vegetable crops system. Rotations were permitted within given bounds established by marketing, rotational, and price risk constraints. Rotations were generally stable with respect to markets and relative to crop mixes as target income and acceptable negative deviation levels were varied. Spring and fall broccoli and turnip greens and late spring-summer yellow and zucchini squash were dominant crops in the triple crop rotations in the Atlanta and Cincinnati markets.
The homotopy type of the complement of the codimension-two coordinate subspace arrangement
Creators: name: Grbic, Jelena
name: Theriault, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52C35; 55P15

description: The complement of the codimension 2 complex coordinate subspace arrangement is shown to be homotopy equivalent to a wedge of spheres.
description: 2 pages LaTeX
Sub-chord diagrams of knot projections
Creators: name: Ito, Noboru
name: Takimura, Yusuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A chord diagram is a circle with paired points with each pair of points connected by a chord. Every generic immersed spherical curve provides a chord diagram by associating each chord with two preimages of a double point. Any two spherical curves can be related by a finite sequence of three types of local replacement RI, RII, and RIII, called Reidemeister moves. This study counts the difference in the numbers of sub-chord diagrams embedded in a full chord diagram of any spherical curve by applying one of the moves RI, strong RII, weak RII, strong RIII, and weak RIII defined by connections of branches related to the local replacements (Theorem 1). This yields a new integer-valued invariant under RI and strong RIII that provides a complete classification of prime reduced spherical curves with up to at least seven double points (Theorem 2, Fig. 24): there has been no such invariant before. The invariant expresses the necessary and sufficient condition that spherical curves can be related to a simple closed curve by a finite sequence of RI and strong RIII moves (Theorem 3). Moreover, invariants of spherical curves under flypes are provided by counting sub-chord diagrams (Theorem 4).
description: 20 pages, 24 figures
Data Efficient Multilingual Natural Language Processing
Creators: name: Wang, Xinyi
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Natural Language Processing

description:  The adoption of neural network models has led to state-of-the-art performance in many NLP tasks on major languages that have large amounts of data (Devlin et al., 2019; Vaswani et al., 2017), but their improvements often lag behind for low-resource languages (Koehn and Knowles, 2017; Sennrich and Zhang, 2019a). This imbalance in NLP progress could lead to increasing disparities between people from different regions or in different socioeconomic conditions. The goal of this thesis is to develop methods which efficiently utilize the available data resources to build competitive NLP systems for all languages. 
We focus on multilingual training, a particularly effective strategy for improving the model quality of low-resource languages while training parameter-efficient models (Zoph et al., 2016; Neubig and Hu, 2018; Devlin et al., 2019; Conneau et al., 2019). We identify three major challenges facing multilingual models. (1) The standard word embedding representation hinders the model’s generalization to training signals across different languages, mainly because it does not have good inductive biases to account for the lexical similarities and discrepancies between different languages. (2) Searching for good multilingual data selection and balancing strategies requires multiple runs of model retraining because multi?lingual datasets are often highly imbalanced across different languages. (3) It is challenging to adapt a multilingual model to languages with very limited resources. To tackle the first two challenges for multilingual training, we propose better word representation methods for multilingual data that encourage positive transfer between languages, and design automatic methods to select and balance multilingual training data. To tackle the third challenge, we explore novel methods that adapt multilingual models to support language varieties that are often overlooked in existing multilingual benchmarks through model ensembling and data augmentation.
TESTING FOR AGGREGATION AND SIMULTANEOUS BIAS IN U.S. SOYBEAN EXPORT EQUATIONS
Creators: name: Arnade, Carlos Anthony
name: Davison, Cecil W.
name: Arnade, Carlos Anthony
name: Davison, Cecil W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1989
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Most previous estimates of elasticities of export demand for U.S. soybeans have emanated from single import equations subject to aggregation and simultaneous equation bias. This analysis tests U.S. soybean export data for aggregation and simultaneous equation bias and divides the aggregated data into six market equations to reduce these biases. Elasticity estimates from the six equations are compared with elasticity estimates from single equation OLS and 2SLS estimations using the same aggregate data. Results suggest that distortions from unjustified 2SLS estimation may exceed those from aggregation bias.
Observation of non-exponential magnetic penetration profiles in the Meissner state - A manifestation of non-local effects in superconductors
Creators: name: Suter, A.
name: Morenzoni, E.
name: Garifianov, N.
name: Khasanov, R.
name: Kirk, E.
name: Luetkens, H.
name: Prokscha, T.
name: Horisberger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Implanting fully polarized low energy muons on the nanometer scale beneath the surface of a superconductor in the Meissner state enabled us to probe the evanescent magnetic field profile B(z)(0
description: accepted in PRB 14 pages, 17 figures
Few-mode Field Quantization of Arbitrary Electromagnetic Spectral Densities
Creators: name: Medina, Ivan
name: García-Vidal, Francisco J.
name: Fernández-Domínguez, Antonio I.
name: Feist, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a framework that provides a few-mode master equation description of the interaction between a single quantum emitter and an arbitrary electromagnetic environment. The field quantization requires only the fitting of the spectral density, obtained through classical electromagnetic simulations, to a model system involving a small number of lossy and interacting modes. We illustrate the power and validity of our approach by describing the population and electric field dynamics in the spontaneous decay of an emitter placed in a complex hybrid plasmonic-photonic structure.
Additional file 3 of Close contact infection dynamics over time: insights from a second large-scale social contact survey in Flanders, Belgium, in 2010-2011
Creators: name: Hoang, Thang Van
name: Coletti, Pietro
name: Yimer Wasihun Kifle
name: Kerckhove, Kim Van
name: Vercruysse, Sarah
name: Willem, Lander
name: Beutels, Philippe
name: Niel Hens
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 3 Supplementary results of the 2006 and 2010-2011 social contact survey data analyses
Estimating Production Risk and Inefficiency Simultaneously: An Application to Cotton Cropping Systems
Creators: name: Jaenicke, Edward C.
name: Frechette, Darren L.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Jaenicke, Edward C.
name: Frechette, Darren L.
name: Larson, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: cotton
subject: inefficiency
subject: Just-Pope
subject: production risk
subject: stochastic production frontier

description: By using a stochastic frontier framework, the mutual effect of input use on production risk and inefficiency is investigated. Disentangling this mutual effect proves important for empirical reasons, at least when applied to west Tennessee cotton systems grown after various cover crops. The most striking result is that the stochastic frontier model, when compared with a typical Just-Pope model, reorders the relative riskiness of cover-crop regimes associated with the cotton systems.
Resonant inelastic tunneling in molecular junctions
Creators: name: Galperin, Michael
name: Nitzan, Abraham
name: Ratner, Mark A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within a phonon-assisted resonance level model we develop a self-consistent procedure for calculating electron transport currents in molecular junctions with intermediate to strong electron-phonon interaction. The scheme takes into account the mutual influence of the electron and phonon subsystems. It is based on the 2nd order cumulant expansion, used to express the correlation function of the phonon shift generator in terms of the phonon momentum Green function. Equation of motion (EOM) method is used to obtain an approximate analog of the Dyson equation for the electron and phonon Green functions in the case of many-particle operators present in the Hamiltonian. To zero-order it is similar in particular cases (empty or filled bridge level) to approaches proposed earlier. The importance of self-consistency in resonance tunneling situations (partially filled bridge level) is stressed. We confirm, even for strong vibronic coupling, a previous suggestion concerning the absence of phonon sidebands in the current vs. gate voltage plot when the source-drain voltage is small.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures; submitted to PRB
Local Labor Market Conditions and the Jobless Poor: How Much Does Local Job Growth Help in Rural Areas?
Creators: name: Davis, Elizabeth E.
name: Connolly, Laura S.
name: Weber, Bruce A.
name: Davis, Elizabeth E.
name: Connolly, Laura S.
name: Weber, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: employment
subject: local labor markets
subject: rural labor markets
subject: rural poverty
subject: unemployment
subject: welfare reform

description: The employment outcomes of a group of jobless poor Oregonians are tracked in order to analyze the relative importance of local labor market conditions on their employment outcomes. Local job growth increases the probability that a jobless poor adult will get a job and shortens the length of time until she finds a job. After accounting for both the effects of personal demographic characteristics and local job growth, there is little evidence that the probability of employment or the duration of joblessness differs in rural compared with urban areas.
Application of statistical analysis to working memory problem
Creators: name: Erofeeva, A. V.
name: Zakharova, T. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This article is devoted to EEG studying of connectivity cortical areas involved in keeping vision information in working memory. VAR-modeling was used for describing signals got from connected with working memory brain zones. Brain connections were estimated by based in Granger Causality Partial Directed Coherence (PDC) and then compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. In paper connection intensity dependence on executing task was found.
description: in Russian
Hubert, Jean, Porcher, Jean, Volbach, Fritz W.: die Kunst der Karolinger von Karl dem Großen bis zum Ausgang des 9. Jahrhunderts (=Universum der Kunst)
Creators: name: Wessel, Klaus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 55 (1971): Oriens christianus, Band 55
Electrical Spin Pumping of Quantum Dots at Room Temperature
Creators: name: Li, C. H.
name: Kioseoglou, G.
name: Erve, O. M. J. van t
name: Ware, M. E.
name: Gammon, D.
name: Stroud, R. M.
name: Jonker, B. T.
name: Mallory, R.
name: Yasar, M.
name: Petrou, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report electrical control of the spin polarization of InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) at room temperature. This is achieved by electrical injection of spin-polarized electrons from an Fe Schottky contact. The circular polarization of the QD electroluminescence shows that a 5% electron spin polarization is obtained in the InAs QDs at 300 K, which is remarkably insensitive to temperature. This is attributed to suppression of the spin relaxation mechanisms in the QDs due to reduced dimensionality. These results demonstrate that practical regimes of spin-based operation are clearly attainable in solid state semiconductor devices.
description: 4 figures, accepted by Appl. Phys. Lett
Spin Squeezing of a Bose-Einstein Condensate via Quantum Non-Demolition Measurement for Quantum-Enhanced Atom Interferometry
Creators: name: Kritsotakis, Michail
name: Dunningham, Jacob A.
name: Haine, Simon A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically investigate the use of quantum non-demolition measurement to enhance the sensitivity of atom interferometry with Bose-condensed atoms. In particular, we are concerned with enhancing existing high-precision atom interferometry apparatuses, so restrict ourselves to dilute atomic samples, and the use of free-propagating light, or optical cavities in the weak-coupling regime. We find the optimum parameter regime that balances between spin squeezing and atomic loss, and find that significant improvements in sensitivity are possible. Finally, we consider the use of squeezed light, and show that this can provide further boosts to sensitivity.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures
3-Space In-Flow Theory of Gravity: Boreholes, Blackholes and the Fine Structure Constant
Creators: name: Cahill, Reginald T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theory of 3-space explains the phenomenon of gravity as arising from the time-dependence and inhomogeneity of the differential flow of this 3-space. The emergent theory of gravity has two gravitational constants: G - Newton's constant, and a dimensionless constant - alpha. Various experiments and astronomical observations have shown that alpha is the fine structure constant 1/137. Here we analyse the Greenland Ice Shelf and Nevada Test Site borehole g anomalies, and confirm with increased precision this value of alpha. This and other successful tests of this theory of gravity, including the supermassive black holes in globular clusters and galaxies, and the `dark-matter' effect in spiral galaxies, demonstrates the validity of this theory of gravity. This success implies that Newtonian gravity was fundamentally flawed from the beginning.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
On a family of mild functions
Creators: name: Van Hille, Siegfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G05, 26E10, 32B20

description: We prove that the function $P_α(x) = \exp(1-x^{-α})$ with $α> 0$, is $1/α$-mild. We apply this result to obtain a uniform $1/α$-mild parametrization of the family of curves $\{xy = ε^2 \mid (x,y) \in (0,1)^2\}$ for $ε\in (0,1)$, which does not have a uniform $0$-mild parametrization by work of Yomdin. More generally we can parametrize families of power-subanalytic curves. This improves a result of Benjamini and Novikov that gives a $2$-mild parametrization.
The parsec-scale jet of the neutrino-emitting blazar TXS~0506+056
Creators: name: Li, Xiaofeng
name: An, Tao
name: Mohan, Prashanth
name: Giroletti, Marcello
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently the IceCube collaboration detected very high energy (VHE) neutrinos and associated them with the blazar \txs{}, raising a possible association of VHE neutrinos with this and other individual blazars. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is so far the only technique enabling the imaging of the innermost jet at milli-arcsec resolution (parsec scale), where the high energy emission possibly originates from. Here, we report on the radio properties of the parsec scale jet in \txs{} derived from the analysis of multi-epoch multi-frequency archive VLBI data. The half opening angle of the jet beam is about 3.8\degr, and the jet inclination angle is about 20\degr. The overall jet structure shows a helical trajectory with a precessing period of 5--6 years, likely originating from instabilities operating at parsec scales. The calculated beaming parameters (Doppler boosting factor, bulk Lorentz factor) suggest a moderately relativistic jet. The pc-scale magnetic field strength is estimated in the contexts of core-shift and variability, and is in general agreement in the range of 0.2 - 0.7 G. And it is found to decrease from a relatively larger value during the quiescent period before the ongoing flare. This suggests a conversion of magnetic field energy density to particle energy density that help accelerate injected particles at the jet base and result in variable shocked emission. The neutrino event could be associated with the onset of energetic particle injection into the jet. This scenario then supports the lepto-hadronic origin of the VHE neutrinos and $γ$-ray emission owing to a co-spatial origin.
description: accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
An Empirical Analysis of Market Integration and Efficiency for U.S. Fresh Tomato Markets
Creators: name: Padilla-Bernal, Luz E.
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
name: Loureiro, Maria L.
name: Padilla-Bernal, Luz E.
name: Thilmany, Dawn D.
name: Loureiro, Maria L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: market integration
subject: North American tomato trade
subject: spatial analysis
subject: tomato markets

description: Fresh tomato trade between the United States and Mexico grew significantly during the 1990s. Moreover, major structural changes in U.S. produce marketing channels increase the complexity of conducting analyses to delineate the impact of liberalized trade. Following the work of Barrett, Li, and Bailey, this study implements a mixed distribution to examine spatial-price relationships between major shipping points and terminal markets for Mexican imported, and Florida and California tomatoes. Although markets are often efficiently integrated, results suggest strategic pricing and product shipments may exist and vary among terminal markets in Los Angeles, Boston, and Chicago.
On Scalar Meson Dominance in Semi- and Non-Leptonic Weak Pseudoscalar Meson Decays
Creators: name: Kleefeld, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aspects of Scalar Meson Dominance in semi- and non-leptonic weak pseudoscalar meson decays are shortly discussed on the basis of the Quark-Level Linear Sigma Model.
description: 5 pages, no figures, contribution to XI Int. Conf. on "Hadron Spectroscopy" (HADRON 05), 21.-26.8.2005, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil