Lindsea linduensis D. Cicuzza &amp; M. Kessler 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Cicuzza, Daniele
name: Kessler, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Polypodiopsida
Polypodiales
Lindsaeaceae
Lindsea
Lindsea linduensis

description: <i>Lindsea linduensis</i> D.Cicuzza &amp; M.Kessler, <i>sp. nov.</i> (Fig. 1). <b>Type:</b> — INDONESIA. Sulawesi: Central Sulawesi, at the border of the Lore Lindu National Park, Nokilalaki Mountain, Kulawi valley, 1200 m, 01°14'30.483" S, 120°09'19.828" E, 16 March 2008, <i>Cicuzza</i> 891 (holotype Z!, isotypes UC!, BO!, CEB!, GOET!). <i>Differs from Lindsaea repens var. sessilis by having 2-pinnate fronds (versus 1-pinnate), longer petioles (10–17 cm versus 1–5 cm), and more widely spaced ultimate segments (&gt; 5 mm apart versus &lt;4 mm).</i> <i>Rhizomes</i> short-creeping, 2 mm in diameter. <i>Rhizome scales</i> lanceolate, entire, 1.0– 1.5 mm × 0.5–0.7 mm, light brown. <i>Petioles</i> 10–17 cm long, ca. one third to half of the length of the lamina, 1–2 mm thick, pale green to pale brown, sharply quadrangular, adaxially channelled. <i>Laminae</i> bi-pinnate, oblong, shortly narrowed apically, 35–40 cm × 7–40 cm, with 1 pinna to a side. <i>Primary and secondary rachises</i> pale green, sharply quadrangular, proximally adaxially channelled. <i>Pinnae</i> ascending, 10–11 cm × 1.5–3 cm. <i>Ultimate segments</i> (pinnules) set apart by 5–11 mm on the rachises, sessile, spreading or slightly ascending, falcate, the apices subtruncate or narrowly rounded, the basiscopic margin concave; larger pinnules 17–19 × 4–5 mm, ca. 3–5 times longer than wide, dark green when dry, inner margins straight, quite parallel to the costae, basiscopic margins concave, acroscopic margins slightly convex, distally obliquely incised, with 7–10 incisions 0.25–1.2 mm deep, mostly progressively deeper towards the segment apices, lobes regular, rounded, ca. 1 mm wide. <i>Terminal pinnules</i> on each pinna gradually reduced. <i>Veins</i> mostly free, some vein pairs connivent near pinnule margins. <i>Sori</i> 7–12 per pinnule, one per lobe, 1.0– 1.5 mm long, on one or two connivent vein endings. <i>Indusia</i> ca. 0.25 mm wide, entire, not reaching the margins by less their width to about twice their width. <b>Etymology:—</b> The specific epithet is derived from Lindu, the name of the national park close to the area where the species has been discovered. In Indonesian, the term Lindu is used to refer to earthquakes, a common occurrence in the study region, where two tectonic plates collide. <b>Distribution and ecology:—</b> <i>Lindsaea linduensis</i> is known only from the type locality at the border on the eastern side of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi. It was found in submontane old growth forest on Ferrasol (FAO 2006) on metamorphic rocks in a stable, level terrain on a mid-slope. The submontane forest in the study region primarily comprises the tree families Lauraceae, Fagaceae, Sapotaceae, Moraceae and Euphorbiaceae (Kessler <i>et al.</i> 2005; Culmsee &amp; Pitopang 2009). <i>Lindsaea linduensis</i> was recorded only once, despite intensive collecting at this elevation at various sites within the national park and surrounding areas (Cicuzza <i>et al</i>. 2010, Willinghöfer <i>et al</i>. 2012). It thus appears to be rare in the study region. The type was collected outside the Lore Lindu National Park, therefore without any degree of protection. The areas in and around the national park are subject to legal and illegal logging as well as a continuous expansion of the agricultural frontier (Erasmi <i>et al.</i> 2010). Therefore, even if the species may not be at an immediate risk of extinction, it is likely to become so in the near future. <b>Notes:—</b> <i>Lindsaea linduensis</i> differs from <i>L. repens</i> var. <i>sessilis</i>, the taxon to which is was recovered as genetically most similar in the phylogenetic study of Lehtonen <i>et al</i>. (2010), primarily by having 2-pinnate fronds (versus 1-pinnate), longer petioles (10–17 cm long versus 1–5 cm), and more widely spaced ultimate segments (&gt; 5 mm apart versus &lt;4 mm). Following the keys of Kramer (1971), <i>Lindsaea linduensis</i> falls into group G (subg. <i>Odontoloma</i> Kunth). The specimen of <i>L. linduensis</i> keys out to the couplet containing <i>L. rigida</i> and <i>L. regularis</i>. From these, <i>Lindsaea linduensis</i> differs by having less strongly creeping rhizomes, fewer pinna pairs (1 in <i>L. linduensis</i>, 1–7 in <i>L. rigida</i>, 3–9 in <i>L. regularis</i>), and more sori per pinnule (7–8 in <i>L. linduensis</i>, 1–4 in <i>L. rigida</i>, 3–5 in <i>L. regularis</i>).
description: Published as part of <i>Cicuzza, Daniele &amp; Kessler, Michael, 2012, Lindsaea linduensis (Lindsaeaceae, Polypodiales), a new fern species from Sulawesi, Indonesia, pp. 36-40 in Phytotaxa 65 (1)</i> on pages 37-39, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.65.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/5062096
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