cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Monitoring morphological and chemical properties during silver solid-state dewetting
Creators: name: Berni, M.
name: Carrano, I.
name: Kovtun, A.
name: Russo, A.
name: Visani, A.
name: Dionigi, C.
name: Liscio, A.
name: Valle, F.
name: Gambardella, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state dewetting phenomenon in silver thin films offers a straightforward method to obtain structures having controlled shape or size -this latter in principle spanning several orders of magnitudes -- with potentially strong interest in many applications involving high-tech industry and biomedicine. In this work nanostructured silver is deposited by pulsed electron ablation technique and its surface modified upon thermal treatments in air at increasing temperatures. Surface chemistry and morphology are then monitored simultaneously by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy; in particular, the power spectral density of surface heights is used to analyze the alteration of morphology induced by annealing. It is shown that this approach adds a level of information about the dewetting process since it allows to separate between long- and short-range surface behavior and to retrieve statistical quantities relevant to a description of the features in view of applications. Our results are presented in the framework of a multidisciplinary approach, advantages and limits of which are deepened and discussed.
Produce Department Space Utilization, Gross Margins, and Operating Costs in Selected Retail Stores, Charlotte, N.C.
Creators: name: Bitting, H. Wayne
name: Bitting, H. Wayne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1953
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Labor and Human Capital
Production Economics

description: Excerpts from the report Introduction: Producers have often argued that retail margins for specific commodities should be directly related to their costs of handling. But many retailers and wholesalers contend that it is meaningless to talk about the margin for any one product or for a department on the basis of costs of individual commodities, because pricing policies must be based upon net returns from the sale of all the commodities they handle. Research workers generally agree that in relating retail margins to costs of handling consideration must be given to the overall operations of the store. The present report covers the pilot phase of a larger study made in Charlotte, N.C. The data obtained on marketing margins and trade practices for the more important fresh fruits and vegetables corresponds to the information obtained in Denver, Colo., Pittsburgh, Pa., and Cleveland, Ohio. These studies were undertaken as one step in the process of learning how to increase efficiency in marketing of farm products - which would benefit farmers, retailers, and consumers.
USING SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF SWINE PRODUCTION ON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY VALUES
Creators: name: Kim, Jungik
name: Goldsmith, Peter D.
name: Thomas, Michael H.
name: Kim, Jungik
name: Goldsmith, Peter D.
name: Thomas, Michael H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: A spatial hedonic model is developed to assess monetary harm of confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) on property values, taking explicitly spatial dependence in property values into account. Spatial autocorrelation was found in the form of spatial lag dependence, not spatial error dependence. When spatial lag dependence is explicitly taken into account, on average the impact is reduced by 18%. The magnitude of the spatial autoregressive parameter was about 0.2 for the 1-mile distance band, meaning one-fifth of the house value could be explained by the values of the neighboring houses.
Particle acceleration in neutron star ultra-strong electromagnetic fields
Creators: name: Tomczak, Ivan
name: Pétri, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we discuss the results of a new particle pusher in realistic ultra-strong electromagnetic fields as those encountered around rotating neutron stars. After presenting results of this algorithm in simple fields and comparing them to expected exact analytical solutions, we present new simulations for a rotating magnetic dipole in vacuum for a millisecond pulsar by using Deutsch solution. Particles are injected within the magnetosphere, neglecting radiation reaction, interaction among them and their feedback on the fields. Our simulations are therefore not yet fully self-consistent because Maxwell equations are not solved according to the current produced by these particles. The code highlights the symmetrical behaviour of particles of opposite charge to mass ratio $q/m$ with respect to the north and south hemispheres. The relativistic Lorentz factor of the accelerated particles is proportional to this ratio $q/m$: protons reach up to $γ_p \simeq 10^{10.7}$, whereas electrons reach up to $γ_e \simeq 10^{14}$. Our simulations show that particles could be either captured by the neutron star, trapped around it, or ejected far from it, well outside the light-cylinder. Actually, for a given charge to mass ratio, particles follow similar trajectories. These particle orbits show some depleted directions, especially at high magnetic inclination with respect to the rotation axis for positive charges and at low inclination for negative charges because of symmetry. Other directions are preferred and loaded with a high density of particles, some directions concentrating the highest or lowest acceleration efficiencies.
UNIVERSITY BASIC RESEARCH AND APPLIED AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Creators: name: Xia, Yin
name: Xia, Yin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: I examine the effects of R&D inputs on the subset of life-science outputs which demonstrably has influenced later technology, as evidenced by literature citations in agricultural biotechnology patents. Universities are found to be a principal seedbed for cutting-edge technology development. A university's life-science research budget strongly affects its technology-relevant life-science output as well as graduate education.
Current oscillation and low-field colossal magnetoresistance effect in phase-separated manganites
Creators: name: Tokunaga, M.
name: Song, H.
name: Tokunaga, Y.
name: Tamegai, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current-induced switching from metallic to insulating state is observed in phase-separated states of (La_{1-y}Pr_y)_{0.7}Ca_{0.3}MnO_3 (y=0.7) and Nd_{0.5}Ca_{0.5}Mn_{1-z}Cr_zO_3 (z=0.03) crystals. Application of magnetic fields to this current-induced insulating state causes pronounced low-field negative magnetoresistance effect [r(H)/r(0)=10^{-3} at H=1kOe]. Application of a constant voltage also causes breakdown of ohmic relation above a threshold voltage. At voltages higher than this threshold value, oscillations in currents are observed. This oscillation is well reproduced by a simple model of local switching of a percolative conduction path.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, to be published in Physical Review Letters
ARE POOR, REMOTE AREAS LEFT BEHIND IN AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF TANZANIA
Creators: name: Minot, Nicholas
name: Minot, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: International Development

description: In Tanzania, as in many other developing countries, the conventional wisdom is that economic reforms may have stimulated economic growth, but the benefits of this growth have been uneven, favoring urban households and farmers with good market access. This idea, although quite plausible, has rarely been tested. In this paper, we develop a new approach to measuring trends in poverty and inequality and apply it to Tanzania in order to explore the distributional aspects of economic growth and the relationship between rural poverty and market access. We find that, over the 1990s when significant economic reforms were implemented, the overall rate of poverty fell. Poverty fell the least in Dar es Salaam and the most in small urban areas. The degree of poverty reduction was similar between rural and urban areas, across educational categories, and across income groups, though female-headed households seem to have lost relative to male-headed households. We find that rural poverty is associated with remoteness, but the relationship is surprisingly weak and it varies depending on the definition used. Rural poverty is more closely related to access to regional urban centers than distance to roads or to Dar es Salaam. Although poverty is somewhat higher in more remote rural areas, we find little evidence that remote areas are being "left behind", either in relative or in absolute terms.
Search for narrow resonances below the Upsilon mesons
Creators: name: Apollinari, G.
name: Barone, M.
name: Carithers, W.
name: Dell'Orso, M.
name: Dorigo, T.
name: Fiori, I.
name: Franklin, M.
name: Giannetti, P.
name: Giromini, P.
name: Happacher, F.
name: Miscetti, S.
name: Parri, A.
name: Ptohos, F.
name: Velev, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the invariant mass spectrum of dimuons collected by the CDF experiment during the 1992-1995 run of the Fermilab Tevatron collider to improve the limit on the existence of narrow resonances set by the experiments at the SPEAR e+e- collider. In the mass range 6.3-9.0 GeV/c^2, we derive 90% upper credible limits to the ratio of the production cross section times muonic branching fraction of possible narrow resonances to that of the Y(1S) meson. In this mass range, the average limit varies from 1.7 to 0.5%. This limit is much worse at the mass of 7.2 GeV/c^2 due to an excess of 250+-61 events with a width consistent with the detector resolution.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures. This version has some typos fixed in the text and bibliography. A reference was added in bibliography. Submitted to Phys. Rev. D With this last submission we provide the version accepted for publication in Phys.Rev.D
Growth, Properties, and Applications of Pulsed Laser Deposited Nanolaminate Ti3AlC2 Thin Films
Creators: name: Biswas, Abhijit
name: Sengupta, Arundhati
name: Rajput, Umashankar
name: Singh, Sachin Kumar
name: Antad, Vivek
name: Hossain, Sk Mujaffar
name: Parmar, Swati
name: Rout, Dibyata
name: Deshpande, Aparna
name: Nair, Sunil
name: Ogale, Satishchandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, nanolaminated ternary carbides have attracted immense interest due to the concomitant presence of both ceramic and metallic properties. Here, we grow nanolaminate Ti3AlC2 thin films by pulsed laser deposition on c-axis-oriented sapphire substrates and, surprisingly, the films are found to be highly oriented along the (103) axis normal to the film plane, rather than the (000l) orientation. Multiple characterization techniques are employed to explore the structural and chemical quality of these films, the electrical and optical properties, and the device functionalities. The 80-nm thick Ti3AlC2 film is highly conducting at room temperature (resistivity of 50 micro ohm-cm), and a very-low-temperature coefficient of resistivity. The ultrathin (2 nm) Ti3AlC2 film has fairly good optical transparency and high conductivity at room temperature (sheet resistance of 735 ohm). Scanning tunneling microscopy reveals the metallic characteristics (with finite density of states at the Fermi level) at room temperature. The metal-semiconductor junction of the p-type Ti3AlC2 film and n-Si show the expected rectification (diode) characteristics, in contrast to the ohmic contact behavior in the case of Ti3AlC2 on p-Si. A triboelectric-nanogenerator-based touch-sensing device, comprising of the Ti3AlC2 film, shows a very impressive peak-to-peak open-circuit output voltage of 80 V. These observations reveal that pulsed laser deposited Ti3AlC2 thin films have excellent potential for applications in multiple domains, such as bottom electrodes, resistors for high-precision measurements, Schottky diodes, ohmic contacts, fairly transparent ultrathin conductors, and next-generation biomechanical touch sensors for energy harvesting.
description: 41 pages, 8 main figures, Published in Physical Review Applied
Federal Regulation of Fluid Milk Marketing in the Clinton, Quad Cities, and Dubuque Marketing Areas
Creators: name: Swantz, Alexander
name: Swantz, Alexander
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1953
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Excerpts from the report: The Clinton, Iowa, milk market provides examples of some of the problems relative to: Regulating a small market; the growth and eventual intermingling of milk supply and distribution areas; and the difficulties encountered and created by the Office of Price Administration in establishing and maintaining price ceilings during World War II. Because of their nearness to the Clinton milk marketing area, the Quad Cities (Davenport, Iowa, and Rock Island, Moline, and East Moline, Illinois) and Dubuque markets influenced the establishment and evolution of the Clinton milk marketing order. Histories of the Quad Cities and Dubuque markets are included in this publication, mainly to account for their influence on the Clinton market.
Noisy receivers for quantum illumination
Creators: name: Karsa, Athena
name: Pirandola, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum illumination (QI) promises unprecedented performances in target detection but there are various problems surrounding its implementation. Where target ranging is a concern, signal and idler recombination forms a crucial barrier to the protocol's success. This could potentially be mitigated if performing a measurement on the idler mode could still yield a quantum advantage. In this paper we investigate the QI protocol for a generically correlated Gaussian source and study the phase-conjugating (PC) receiver, deriving the associated SNR in terms of the signal and idler energies, and their cross-correlations, which may be readily adapted to incorporate added noise due to Gaussian measurements. We confirm that a heterodyne measurement performed on the idler mode leads to a performance which asymptotically approaches that of a coherent state with homodyne detection. However, if the signal mode is affected by heterodyne but the idler mode is maintained clean, the performance asymptotically approaches that of the PC receiver without any added noise.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
ILC: Physics Scenarios
Creators: name: Kilian, W.
name: Zerwas, P. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments in the energy range from the scale of electroweak symmetry breaking to the TeV scale are expected to be crucial for unraveling the microscopic structure of matter and forces. The high precision which should be achieved in experiments at lepton colliders, is a necessary ingredient for providing a comprehensive picture of the mechanism breaking the electroweak symmetries and generating mass, the unification of forces, involving most likely supersymmetry, and the structure of space-time at small distances. In addition, clarifying the nature of the particles which build up cold dark matter in the universe, needs a lepton collider to match the high experimental precision which will be reached in cosmology experiments.
description: 28pp, Talk 2005 Snowmass Workshop
Probabilistic responses of dynamical systems subjected to Gaussian coloured noise excitation. Foundations of a non-Markovian theory
Creators: name: Mamis, K. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 4F05 (Primary) 82C31, 93E03, 60G99 (Secondary)

description: The topic of this PhD thesis is the derivation of evolution equations for probability density functions (pdfs) describing the non-Markovian response to dynamical systems under Gaussian coloured (smoothly-correlated) noise. These pdf evolution equations are derived from the stochastic Liouville equations (SLEs), which are formulated by representing the pdfs as averaged random delta functions. SLEs are exact yet non-closed, since they contain averaged terms that are expressed via higher-order pdfs. These averaged terms are further evaluated by employing generalizations of the Novikov-Furutsu (NF) theorem. After the NF theorem, SLE averages are expressed equivalently as nonlocal terms depending on the whole history of the response (in some cases, on the history of excitation too). Then, nonlocal terms are approximated by a novel closure scheme, employing the history of appropriate moments of the response (or joint response-excitation moments). Application of this scheme results in a family of novel pdf evolution equations. These equations are nonlinear and retain a tractable amount of the original nonlocality of SLEs, being also in closed form and solvable. Last, the new evolution equations for the one-time response pdf are solved numerically and their results are compared to Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, for the case of a scalar bistable random differential equation under Ornstein-Uhlenbeck excitation. The results show that the novel evolution equations are in very good agreement with the MC simulations, even for high noise intensities and large correlation times of the excitation, that is, away from the white noise limit, where the existing pdf evolution equations found in literature fail. It should be noted that the computational effort for solving the new pdf evolution equations is comparable to the effort required for solving the respective classical Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation.
description: 217 pages. PhD thesis, National Technical University of Athens, May 2020. Includes results from arXiv:1811.06579 and arXiv:1811.12383
The transient hard X-ray tail of GX 17+2: new BeppoSAX results
Creators: name: Farinelli, R.
name: Frontera, F.
name: Zdziarski, A. A.
name: Stella, L.
name: Zhang, S. N.
name: van der Klis, M.
name: Masetti, N.
name: Amati, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on results of two BeppoSAX observations of the Z source GX 17+2. In both cases the source is in the horizontal branch of the colour-intensity diagram. The persistent continuum can be fit by two-component models consisting of a blackbody plus a Comptonization spectrum. With one of these models, two solutions for the blackbody temperature of both the observed and seed photons for Comptonization are equally accepted by the data. In the first observation, when the source is on the left part of the horizontal branch, we observe a hard tail extending up to 120 keV, while in the second observation, when the source moves towards right in the same branch, the tail is no longer detected. The hard ($\ga 30$ keV) X-ray emission can be modeled either by a simple power-law with photon index $Γ\sim$ 2.7, or assuming Comptonization of $\sim$ 1 keV soft photons off a hybrid thermal plus non-thermal electron plasma. The spectral index of the non-thermal injected electrons is $p \sim 1.7$. The observation of hard {X-ray} emission only in the left part of the horizontal branch could be indicative of the presence of a threshold in the accretion rate above which the hard tail disappears. An emission line at 6.7 keV with equivalent width $\sim 30$ eV is also found in both observations. We discuss these results and their physical implications
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 4 tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Detection of N-particle entanglement with generalized Bell inequalities
Creators: name: Laskowski, Wieslaw
name: Zukowski, Marek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the generalized Bell-type inequality, explicitly involving rotational symmetry of physical laws, is very efficient in distinguishing between true N-particle quantum correlations and correlations involving less particles. This applies to various types of generalized partial separabilities. We also give a rigorous proof that the new Bell inequalities are maximally violated by the GHZ states, and find a very handy description of the N-qubit correlation function.
description: 5 pages, minor typos corrected, journal version
Beckmann, Joachim (Hrsg.), Kirchliches Jahrbuch für die Evangelische Kirche in Deutschland 1960
Creators: name: Krüger
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 11 Nr. 2 (1962): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 11, Heft 2
An Estimation of the Regulatory Cost on California Agricultural Producers
Creators: name: Hurley, Sean P.
name: Noel, Jay E.
name: Hurley, Sean P.
name: Noel, Jay E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper develops an estimation of the cost of regulations on California agricultural producers which can be used as a baseline for comparing regulatory environments. The estimated regulatory cost in relationship to operating costs for producers is between $2.19 billion to $2.21 billion. The range on percentage of income allocated to regulatory cost is between 5.24% and 9.19%.
Multi-Sector Sustainability in Agroecosystem Environments: Using Value Function Iteration for Numerical Solutions
Creators: name: Bond, Craig A.
name: Bond, Craig A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Using the numerical technique of value iteration, this paper imposes several sustainability constraints on a simple multi-sector agroecosystem model, and provides analysis of the costs tradeoffs within and between generations. Results show that internalization of a stock externality is insufficient for intergenerationally equitable welfare paths, while sustaining a physical resource over time in the interests of equitability can result in a less equitable distribution of welfare across generations. Furthermore, a value sustainability constraint imposed on the social welfare maximization problem acts as a welfare transfer mechanism from the productive sector to the sector affected by the externality, but implies growth in profits for the productive sector and declining utility for the non-productive sector.
A Limited Dependent Variable Analysis of Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Uganda
Creators: name: Kasenge, Valentine
name: Taylor, Daniel B.
name: Bonabana-Wabbi, Jackline
name: Kasenge, Valentine
name: Taylor, Daniel B.
name: Bonabana-Wabbi, Jackline
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: In Uganda overall crop loss due to pests exceeds that caused by drought, soil infertility, or poor planting material. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) technologies can reduce pest damage to crops by emphasizing non-chemical control methods thereby reducing potential negative effects of chemicals on the environment while preserving profitability. This study investigates the adoption of eight IPM practices including intercropping, crop rotation, two improved varieties, incorporating an 'exotic weed chaser', optimal planting dates, optimal planting density and fertilizer use. Variables include market forces, social factors, management factors, and technology delivery mechanisms. Results were consistent across the multivariate logit and ordered logit analyses. The single most important category of influential factors across all crops and technologies is economic/market forces, including labor availability, technology resource requirements, technology complexity, and the level of expected benefits. Social factors are generally less associated with IPM technology adoption than either market or institutional factors. Management factors are not important for adoption of the IPM technologies evaluated for the cowpea crop, while with groundnut IPM practices, no social or institutional factors are found to be important. High expected/potential benefits from the groundnut IPM technologies increase the probability of their adoption, as does the availability of off-farm income and farmers' membership in farm organizations. Generally high levels of adoption (>75%) were observed with crop rotation, and improved varieties. Other technologies registered low levels of adoption (<25%), the least popular being the application of fertilizer on sorghum fields.
On the Coexistence of Spot and Contract Markets: a Delivery Requirement Explanation
Creators: name: Hendrikse, George W.J.
name: Hendrikse, George W.J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Spot market
subject: contract externality
subject: co-existence
subject: delivery requirement

description: A model is presented in which spot and contract market exchange co-exist. A contract consists of a delivery requirement between an upstream and a downstream party. Contract formation determines to a certain extent the probability distribution of the spot market price. This contract formation externality entails the removal of high reservation price buyers and various sellers from the spot market. The first effect decreases the expected spot market price when the number of contracts is small, whereas the decrease in the number of sellers and additional residual contract demand increase the expected spot market price beyond a certain number of contracts. It implies an endogenous upper bound on the number of contracts. Contract prices are positively related to the number of contracts. Finally, additional contracts reduce the variance of the spot market price when the number of contracts is sufficiently large.
Inequities in Flood Management Protection Outcomes
Creators: name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Miller, Ted E.
name: Sarmiento, Camilo
name: Miller, Ted E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Knowledge of low-income issues in floodplain management is spotty. Repeated flooding resulting from hurricanes striking North Carolina, and most recently Hurricanes Katrina and Rita, has raised concerns that vulnerable low-income communities may be more exposed to the devastating costs of flooding. This issue has been covered in the popular press but to date has received only modest attention in the academic literature. Shilling et al. (1989) and Browne and Hoyt (2000) evaluated insurance penetration for low income inhabitants. In this paper, we explore the relation of poverty and flood risk in a stratified sample of Census blocks located in special flood hazard areas (SFHAs).
Oligopsony Distortions and Welfare Implications of Trade
Creators: name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Song, Wongun
name: Devadoss, Stephen
name: Song, Wongun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: While imperfect competition in the output market has garnered extensive focus in the new trade theory literature, input market imperfection has received considerably less attention. Since market power in input purchase has been growing in recent years, it is worth examining the welfare implications of trade arising from oligopsony power. We develop a model consisting of two final goods, one intermediate good, and two primary factors (capital and labor). One final good and the intermediate good employ primary factors, whereas the other final good uses labor and the intermediate input. All markets operate under perfect competition except for the intermediate input, which is oligopsonistic. Using this model, we show that oligopsony can lead to some anomalies such as an increase in the oligopsony output, reward to the intensive-factor in the oligopsony sector, national welfare, and deterioration of terms of trade, but it always decreases the reward to the intermediate input.
Uncertainty and Specific Investment with Weak Contract Enforcement
Creators: name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Vercammen, James
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Vercammen, James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The relationship between price uncertainty and specific investment is examined in a dynamic model that integrates the theories of real options and investment holdup. Because of weak contract enforcement, bilateral firms cannot use a contract to govern their bilateral investment and exchange relationship. These firms instead rely on an implicit self-enforcing agreement, and they reduce the investment distortion by negotiating an ex ante transfer (i.e., the investment expense of one firm is partially paid for by the other firm). In the absence of uncertainty, the ex ante transfer ensures that investment hold-up is fully eliminated. Our main result is that uncertainty introduces an inefficiency into the ex ante transfer bargaining game, which in turn causes an inefficiently long delay in investment. This linkage between higher uncertainty and longer inefficient investment delay has particular relevance for developing and transition economies where high uncertainty and weak contract enforcement is common.
39. The Galactic anti-centre
Creators: name: Perryman, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Observations towards the Galactic centre probe its densest and most complex regions, with multiple populations superimposed: the thin and thick disks, star clusters, spiral arms, a bar, and the central bulge.  In the anti-centre direction, star densities and interstellar extinction are lower, and the disk and halo can be more easily resolved.
Structural Change in the U.S. Food Manufacturing Sector
Creators: name: Wang, Shinn-Shyr
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Rogers, Richard T.
name: Wang, Shinn-Shyr
name: Stiegert, Kyle W.
name: Rogers, Richard T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: This study examines the market structure-conduct-performance relationship for 48 four-digit SIC Food and Tobacco Processing Industries during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. The simultaneous-equation analyses are used to explore the relationship among price-cost margin (PCM), market concentration, advertising outlay, and various control variables. With an intertemporal setting, our findings provide evidence of structural changes over time in the U.S. food manufacturing sector and support some of the conventional SCP wisdoms, but challenge others.
Extracellular polymeric bacterial coverages as minimal area surfaces
Creators: name: Saa, Alberto
name: Teschke, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surfaces formed by extracellular polymeric substances enclosing individual and some small communities of {\it Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans} on plates of hydrophobic silicon and hydrophilic mica are analyzed by means of atomic force microscopy imaging. Accurate nanoscale descriptions of such coverage surfaces are obtained. The good agreement with the predictions of a rather simple but realistic theoretical model allows us to conclude that they correspond, indeed, to minimal area surfaces enclosing a given volume associated with the encased bacteria. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first shape characterization of the coverage formed by these biomolecules, with potential applications to the study of biofilms.
description: 4 pages, 9 figures. v2: minor changes. v3: Terminology changes and extra references included. v4: Final version
Hyperbolic ring based formulation for thermo field dynamics, quantum dissipation, entanglement, and holography
Creators: name: Cartas-Fuentevilla, R.
name: Berra-Montiel, J.
name: Meza-Aldama, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical and quantum formulations for open systems related to dissipative dynamics are constructed on a complex hyperbolic ring, following universal symmetry principles, and considering the double thermal fields approach for modeling the system of interest, and the environment. The hyperbolic rotations are revealed as an underlying internal symmetry for the dissipative dynamics, and a chemical potential is identified as conjugate variable to the charge operator, and thus a grand partition function is constructed. As opposed to the standard scheme, there are not patologies associated with the existence of many unitarity inequivalent representations on the hyperbolic ring, since the whole of the dissipative quantum dynamics is realized by choosing only one representation of the field commutation relations. Entanglement entropy operators for the subsystem of interest and the environment, are constructed as a tool for study the entanglement generated from the dissipation. The holographic perspectives of our results are discussed.
description: 30 pages, 2 figures
WEATHER INSURANCE TO PROTECT SPECIALTY CROPS AGAINST COSTS OF IRRIGATION IN DROUGHT YEARS
Creators: name: Mafoua, Edouard
name: Mafoua, Edouard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The purpose of this research is to develop a rainfall insurance product to insure irrigation costs applied to NAP crops, and to compare the efficacy of this insurance on a dollar basis relative to conventional crop insurance. An economic model is developed that illustrates the relationship between rainfall, crop yields, costs of irrigation and profits.
The Mix-Feeds Industry
Creators: name: Askew, William R.
name: Brensike, V. John
name: Askew, William R.
name: Brensike, V. John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1953
Subjects: Industrial Organization
Livestock Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Excerpts from the report Summary: The mixed-feeds industry has grown rapidly during recent years. Between 1939 and 1947, the number of feed-mixing plants in the United States almost doubled and the number of employees per plant increased about 18 percent. Its 2 billion dollars' worth of sales in 1947 made the industry one of the Nation's largest. In 1947, the Middle Atlantic region was the largest producer of mixed feeds, measured by the industry's use of leading ingredients. This region had a volume of production 12 times as large as that of the area of smallest production—the Mountain region. About half of the mixed feeds produced in 1947 were poultry feeds. Cattle feeds were next, making up 26 percent of the total. Processed grain and mixed feeds for other farm livestock such as hogs and other animals such as mink and rabbits, made up the remainder. Seven ingredients -- corn, millfeeds and screenings, soybean meal, oats, wheat, alfalfa meal, and barley, in that order – were widely used by the mixed-feeds industry in 1947. These seven account for more than 70 percent of all the ingredients used by the industry in that year.
Usefulness of Incomplete Demand Model in Censored Demand System Estimation
Creators: name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: The popularity of AIDS may not easily extend to censored demand systems. We propose an incomplete demand system that has relatively few restrictions on the parameter space, but preserves its theoretical consistency and apply this model to Indonesian data that have significant proportion of censored observations.
CHILD LABOR AND SCHOOLING DECISIONS IN URBAN AND RURAL AREAS: CROSS-COUNTRY EVIDENCE
Creators: name: Ersado, Lire
name: Ersado, Lire
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Child labor is widespread in developing countries, but its causes are debatable. Poverty is considered the primary reason, but many theoretical and empirical analyses show that other factors, such as access to credit, school quality and labor market opportunities, play equal or even greater roles in child labor and schooling decisions. This study surveys the existing literature and, taking into account urban-rural divides, aims to shed light on the debate with empirical evidence from Nepal, Peru, and Zimbabwe. We find that while there is strong evidence that poverty drives child labor in rural areas, there is a general lack of support for poverty hypothesis in urban areas. This suggests that policies such as a ban on child labor in rural areas could have an adverse effect, as child labor decisions are more likely a response to poverty and subsistence requirements. Similarly improving access to credit has greater potential for alleviating child labor and enhancing school enrollment in rural than urban areas, particularly in Nepal and Zimbabwe. On the other hand, the availability of alternative childcare options appears to considerably decrease child labor and create conditions for higher school attendance rates in urban than rural areas. Finally, the evidence from all three countries indicates that efforts to bolster adult educational levels and wages will help curb the prevalence and intensity of child labor and improve the likelihood that children stay in school.
How the dynamic of photo-induced gate screening complicates the investigation of valley physics in 2D materials
Creators: name: Volmer, F.
name: Ersfeld, M.
name: Rathmann, L.
name: Heithoff, M.
name: Kotewitz, L.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Stampfer, C.
name: Beschoten, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An in-depth analysis of valley physics in 2D materials like transition metal dichalcogenides requires the measurement of many material properties as a function of Fermi level position within the electronic band structure. This is normally done by changing the charge carrier density of the 2D material via the gate electric field effect. Here, we show that a comparison of gate-dependent measurements, which were acquired under different measurement conditions can encounter significant problems due to the temporal evolution of the charging of trap states inside the dielectric layer or at its interfaces. The impact of, e.g., the gate sweep direction and the sweep rate on the overall gate dependence gets especially prominent in optical measurements due to photo-excitation of donor and acceptor states. Under such conditions the same nominal gate-voltage may lead to different gate-induced charge carrier densities and, hence, Fermi level positions. We demonstrate that a current flow from or even through the dielectric layer via leakage currents can significantly diminish the gate tunability in optical measurements of 2D materials.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
SAFE HANDLING LABELS AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR IN THE SOUTHERN US
Creators: name: Adu-Nyako, Kofi
name: Kunda, Danny
name: Ralston, Katherine L.
name: Adu-Nyako, Kofi
name: Kunda, Danny
name: Ralston, Katherine L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The impact of safe handling labels on food handling practices is assesed using a two step procedure to adjust for sample selection bias in the label use decision. A significant positive influence of labels on safe handling practices is found. Food safety knowledge, consumer risk perception, and illness experience impacted handling practices positively.
Defining relations associated with the principal sl(2)-subalgebras of simple Lie algebras
Creators: name: Grozman, Pavel
name: Leites, Dimitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The notion of defining relations is well-defined for any nilpotent Lie algebra. Therefore a conventional way to present a simple Lie algebra G is by splitting it into the direct sum of a commutative Cartan subalgebra and two maximal nilpotent subalgebras (positive and negative) and together the generators of both these nilpotent subalgebras together generate G. Though there are many relations between these generators, they are neat (Serre relations). It is possible to determine the relations for generators of different type, e.g, with the principal embeddings of sl(2) into G one can associate only TWO elements that generate G. We explicitly describe the corresponding presentations of simple Lie algebras, for all finite dimensional and certain infinite dimensional ones; namely, for the Lie algebra "of matrices of a complex size" realized as a subalgebra of the Lie algebra of differential operators in 1 indeterminate. The relations obtained are rather simple. Our results might be of interest in applications to integrable systems (like vector-valued Liouville (or Leznov-Saveliev, or 2-dimensional Toda) equations and KdV-type equations). They also indicate how to q-quantize the Lie algebra of matrices of complex size.
description: 12 pages, amstex converted to latex
Milk Products Consumer Purchase Patterns and Use, Memphis, Tenn.
Creators: name: Dwoskin, Philip B.
name: Dwoskin, Philip B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1953
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: The over-all objective of the study was to discover and analyze the factors that influenced the decline in sales of fresh fluid milk in the Memphis market. The study was designed to test the following assumptions as reasons for the decline: (1) Homemakers were substituting nonfat dry milk solids for some of the uses of fresh fluid milk; (2) homemakers were maintaining their volume of use of fresh fluid milk and adding nonfat dry milk solids; (3) many Memphis families were cutting down their purchases of fresh fluid milk but were not substituting the dried product, while a few were using more of the dried product, primarily for reasons of economy.
XI Международная научно-практическая конференция «Вызовы глобализации и развитие цифрового общества в условиях новой реальности»
Creators: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Publisher: name: ООО "Институт развития образования и консалтинга"
Year: 2024

description: XI Международная научно-практическая конференция «Вызовы глобализации и развитие цифрового общества в условиях новой реальности»
Magnetic Immunoassays: A Review of Virus and Pathogen Detection Before and Amidst the Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19)
Creators: name: Wu, Kai
name: Saha, Renata
name: Su, Diqing
name: Krishna, Venkatramana D.
name: Liu, Jinming
name: Cheeran, Maxim C-J
name: Wang, Jian-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a threat to the global healthcare system and economic security. As of July 2020, no specific drugs or vaccines are yet available for COVID-19, fast and accurate diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 is essential in slowing down the spread of COVID-19 and for efficient implementation of control and containment strategies. Magnetic immunoassay is a novel and emerging topic representing the frontiers of current biosensing and magnetics areas. The past decade has seen rapid growth in applying magnetic tools for biological and biomedical applications. Recent advances in magnetic materials and nanotechnologies have transformed current diagnostic methods to nanoscale and pushed the detection limit to early stage disease diagnosis. Herein, this review covers the literatures of magnetic immunoassay platforms for virus and pathogen detections, before COVID-19. We reviewed the popular magnetic immunoassay platforms including magnetoresistance (MR) sensors, magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Magnetic Point-of-Care (POC) diagnostic kits are also reviewed aiming at developing plug-and-play diagnostics to manage the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak as well as preventing future epidemics. In addition, other platforms that use magnetic materials as auxiliary tools for enhanced pathogen and virus detections are also covered. The goal of this review is to inform the researchers of diagnostic and surveillance platforms for SARS-CoV-2 and their performances.
description: 35 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables
Systematical Approach to the Exact Solution of the Dirac Equation for A Special Form of the Woods-Saxon Potential
Creators: name: Berkdemir, Cuneyt
name: Berkdemir, Ayse
name: Sever, Ramazan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exact solution of the Dirac equation for a special form of the Woods-Saxon potential is obtained for the s-states. The energy eigenvalues and two-component spinor wave functions are derived by using a systematical method which is called as Nikiforov-Uvarov. It is seen that the energy eigenvalues strongly depend on the potential parameters. In addition, it is also shown that the non-relativistic limit can be reached easily and directly.
description: 10 pages, no figures, submitted for Publication
Dirac particle in the presence of plane wave and constant magnetic fields: Path integral approach
Creators: name: Bourouaine, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Green function (GF) related to the problem of a Dirac particle interacting with a plane wave and constant magnetic fields is calculated in the framework of path integral via Alexandrou et al. formalism according to the so-called global projection. As a tool of calculation, we introduce two identities (constraints) into this formalism, their main role is the reduction of integrals dimension and the emergence in a natural way of some classical paths, and due to the existence of constant electromagnetic field, we have used the technique of fluctuations. Hence the calculation of the (GF) is reduced to a known gaussian integral plus a contribution of the effective classical action.
description: 12 pages, no figures
Cavity probe for real-time detection of atom dynamics in an optical lattice
Creators: name: Niederriter, Robert D.
name: Schlupf, Chandler
name: Hamilton, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and demonstrate real-time sub-wavelength cavity QED measurements of the spatial distribution of atoms in an optical lattice. Atoms initially confined in one "trap" standing wave of an optical cavity mode are probed with a second "probe" standing wave. With frequencies offset by one free spectral range, the nodes of the trap fall on the anti-nodes of the probe in the ${\approx}$10$^4$ lattice sites around the center of the cavity. This lattice site independent atom-cavity coupling enables high sensitivity detection of atom dynamics even with atoms spread over many lattice sites. To demonstrate, we measure the temperature of 20-70 $μ$K atom ensembles in ${
description: 6+2 pages, 4 figures