Archaeological Investigations at the Lonetree Site, AA:12:120 (ASM), in the Northern Tucson Basin
Creators: name: Bernard-Shaw, Mary
Publisher: name: Center for Desert Archaeology
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Arizona (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/335/arizona-state-territory
subject: Tucson Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2758/tucson-basin
subject: Pima (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/7353/pima-county
subject: Classic Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/125/classic-period
subject: Pioneer Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/111/pioneer-period
subject: Sedentary Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5504/sedentary-period
subject: Middle Rincon Subphase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6019/middle-rincon-subphase
subject: Late Rincon Subphase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6020/late-rincon-subphase
subject: Tortolita Phase
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6025/tortolita-phase
subject: Early Ceramic period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5978/early-ceramic-period
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Huhugam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/8166/huhugam
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Lonetree
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/105727/lonetree
subject: AZ AA:12:120 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/83468/az-aa12120-asm
subject: Trash Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/351/trash-midden
subject: Canal or Canal Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/275/canal-or-canal-feature
subject: Burial Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/307/burial-pit
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Roasting Pit / Oven / Horno
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/357/roasting-pit-oven-horno
subject: Occupation Surfaces
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/3654/occupation-surfaces
subject: Pit House / Earth Lodge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/263/pit-house-earth-lodge
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Post Hole / Post Mold
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/359/post-hole-post-mold
subject: Shade Structure / Ramada
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/266/shade-structure-ramada
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Wood
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/15/wood
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Glass
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/6/glass
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Ceramic Analysis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/133439/ceramic-analysis
subject: Chipped and Ground Stone Analyses
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/160981/chipped-and-ground-stone-analyses
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Reconnaissance / Survey
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/7/reconnaissance-survey
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: The following report describes the results of the archaeological investigations at the Lonetree site. Field investigations were conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc. (formerly the Institute for American Research) under the sponsorship of the American Continental Corporation (AMCOR) between January and May of 1987. Lonetree (AZ AA:12:120 ASM) was identified as a multicomponent site occupied during the Pioneer period (A.D. 550-650) and the Sedentary period (A.D. 940-1150). A total of 256 prehistoric features were excavated, tested, and/or profiled at the site. The variety of features included 32 pithouse structures, 7 occupation surfaces, 40 extramural pits, 5 trash pits or middens, 129 intramural features, and 5 inhumation burials. The analysis focused on the chronological significance of the early occupation including the refinement of Pioneer period ceramics. The results of this study have proposed the recognition of a new phase, the Tortolita phase, identified by the presence of plainware and redware ceramics, Tortolita Red. The presence of Vahki Red sherds (and to a lesser extent, the absence of later Pioneer period ceramics) suggests that the Tortolita phase was a Vahki phase equivalent, ending before the appearance of graywares or buffwares in the Tucson Basin. The Middle Rincon and Late Rincon subphase occupations at Lonetree consisted of the traditional Hohokam household arrangement that characterized other Sedentary period sites in the basin. Both appear to have been agriculturally oriented settlements, although occupation may have been temporally brief. Perhaps one of Lonetree’s most important contributions relates to the documentation of early ceramic period cultural materials within the Tucson Basin. The typological description of Tortolita Red ceramics, along with the distribution and dating of Pioneer period features offer insight into the early Hohokam occupation of the region.