The role of principals 'ethical leadership in school organizational excellence mediated by teachers' psychological empowerment
Publisher: name: The University Of Kurdistan
Year: 2021

description: Introduction:\nSince every institution or organization needs a model for continuous growth and\nimprovement, education as a huge and effective institution in society is no\nexception Therefore, the necessity of implementing a program that can\nachieve the path of management excellence is multiplied. Developed\norganizations have leaders who shape and realize the future, people who act\nas role models for the organization's values and ethics.These organizations\nbuild the capacity of their employees and promote justice and equality they\ncare about communication and transfer, rewards and recognition that\nmotivate employees, Creates commitment and enables them to use their skills\nand knowledge for the benefit of the organization. Ethical leaders provide the\nground for the fertilization of employees' ideas and pay close attention to\ntheir participation in the activities of the organization. Therefore, by\nproviding the ground for employee participation in setting goals and policies,\nthey lead the organization to excellence. Managers, through continuous\ntraining, have provided the ground for the growth and excellence of their\nsubordinates, and On the other hand, by training employees, they provide the\nground for creating competence and effectiveness of employees. Therefore,\nby delegating responsibilities and employee participation and psychological\nempowerment and creating the ground for quality improvement and emphasis\non the work process, the organization moves towards excellence. Therefore,this study seeks to answer the question in a scientific way, can school\nprincipals provide organizational excellence in schools by using 'ethical\nleadership and psychological empowerment of teachers?\nMaterial & Methods:\nQuantitative research approach, according to the purpose of applied studies and\nthe method used is a descriptive method of correlation studies. The study\npopulation of all secondary school teachers in Sanandaj was 1132 people,\nfrom which a sample of 287 people were selected as the sample members of\nthis study by relative stratified random sampling method based on Cochran's\nformula. The study population of all secondary school teachers in Sanandaj\nwas 1132 people, from which a sample of 287 people was selected by relative\nstratified random sampling method based on Cochran's formula. The research\nmethod is quantitative, descriptive and correlational studies. Data collection\ntools were three ethical leadership questionnaires: Brown, Trovino &\nHarrison (2005), Spritzer's (1995) Psychological Empowerment\nQuestionnaire and Deming (2003) Organizational Excellence Assessment\nQuestionnaire. Cronbach's alpha test and confirmatory factor analysis were\nused to determine the reliability and validity of the instrument. Cronbach's\nalpha method was used to determine the reliability of the research tool.\nCronbach's alpha values of the questionnaires are: ethical leadership (0.93),\npsychological empowerment (0.91) and organizational excellence (0.95);\nsince the reliability coefficients of the research tool are in the range of at least\n0.91 to 0.95, it can be said that the tool has a suitable reliability feature.\nConfirmatory factor analysis technique was used to determine the validity of\nthe instrument in the present study. The values of CFI, GFI and AGFI indices\nin instrument measurement models were also evaluated according to the\ndesired criterion and indicate the proper fit of instrument measurement\nmodels. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data using\nLISREL10.30 software.\nDiscussion & Results & Conclusions:\nThe results showed that the ethical leadership of principals has a positive, direct\nand significant effect on the organizational excellence of the school. In\nexplaining the mentioned result, we can say: Leadership with ethical values\ntakes into account the needs of employees and behaves fairly, as a result of\nextra-role behaviors such as helpful behaviors, chivalry, civic virtue,\norganizational loyalty, organizational information and personal initiative and\nself-development will develop more, and so ethical leadership plays a\nconstructive role in the organizational excellence of schools. The results\nshowed that psychological empowerment of teachers has a positive, direct\nand significant effect on the organizational excellence of the school.\nExplaining this result, it can be said that school principals, as leaders by\nshowing honesty and respect in interactions and relationships, involving employees, especially teachers in decisions and showing trust in them,\nprovide the context for feeling valued and effective in Provide subordinates\nand promote a sense of psychological empowerment among them, and this\nhas an impact on organizational excellence. The results show that the ethical\nleadership of principals has a positive, direct and significant effect on the\npsychological empowerment of teachers. In explaining the mentioned result,\nit can be said; one way to create a culture of psychological empowerment for\nteachers is the leadership style of the school. The principal's leadership style,\nthe way he or she treats teachers, and the amount of attention he or she pays\nto teacher empowerment have a profound effect on teachers' experiences of\nthe job, their efforts, and their commitment. The results showed that the\nethical leadership of principals through the psychological empowerment of\nteachers has a positive and significant indirect effect on the organizational\nexcellence of the school. Explaining the above result, it can be said that\npsychological empowerment of teachers in the dimensions of feeling of\nfreedom of action, feeling of competence, feeling of effectiveness and feeling\nof meaning, requires leaders of the kind of ethical leaders who provide the\nground for teachers' independence and support, and They help to acquire\ncompetencies and provide teachers with a sense of effectiveness and\nindividual and professional meaning through strengthening interpersonal\nrelationships, support and emphasis on pragmatism in practice. Therefore, it\ncan be said that these factors have an important and constructive effect on the\norganizational excellence of the school.\nFinally, in order to improve the organizational excellence of schools, according\nto the ethical leadership of principals and the psychological empowerment of\nteachers, the following suggestions are presented:\n• Strengthen interpersonal relationships in school staff (teachers, assistants, and\nprincipals).\n• Strengthen the position of the principal as a role model for school staff.\n• Provide a platform for teachers 'freedom of action and increase teachers'\nparticipation in school decision-making and increase their sense of\nresponsibility.\n• Paying attention to teacher training and improvement and providing conditions\nfor a sense of competence in teaching and teaching methods.\n• Create a conducive environment for teachers to grow and learn, and move the\nschool toward a learning organization.\n• Creating a sense of responsibility in teachers towards organizational excellence\nin results.\n