cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Strong-Field Nonsequential Double Photoionization Using Virtual Detector Theory with Path Summation
Creators: name: Younis, Daniel
name: Eberly, Joseph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an ab initio study of the nonsequential strong-field ionization dynamics of a model two-electron atom with helium character. Single- and double-ionization events are characterized and displayed using detector signals extracted at different points in the two-electron two-dimensional space. The double photoelectron momentum distribution is calculated via coherent path-summation over virtual particle trajectories. Insights into different ionization and electron recollision pathways are gained from detailed virtual-particle tracking and energy-time readouts. This study demonstrates the extension of virtual detector theory to strong-field multi-electron quantum dynamics and highlights the importance of the evolving quantum phase in quasi-classical electron propagation.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Acquired Rifamycin Resistance with Twice-Weekly Treatment of HIV-related Tuberculosis
Creators: name: Burman, William
name: Benator, Debra
name: Vernon, Andrew
name: Khan, Awal
name: Jones, Brenda
name: Silva, Claudia
name: Lahart, Chris
name: Weis, Stephen
name: King, Barbara
name: Mangura, Bonita
name: Weiner, Marc
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Tuberculosis Trials Consortium
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Rationale: Rifabutin was recommended in place of rifampin during treatment of HIV-related tuberculosis (TB) to facilitate concomitant potent antiretroviral therapy, but this approach has not been evaluated in a prospective study.

Objective: To evaluate the activity of intermittent rifabutin-based therapy.

Methods: Patients with culture-confirmed TB were treated under direct supervision with 2 mo of rifabutin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol (given daily, thrice-weekly, or twice-weekly per the local tuberculosis control program), followed by 4 mo of twice-weekly rifabutin plus isoniazid.

Measurements: Culture-positive treatment failure or relapse.

Main Results: A total of 169 eligible patients were enrolled. Most had advanced HIV disease; the median CD4 cell count and HIV-RNA level were 90 cells/mm3 (interquartile range, 35–175) and 5.3 log10 copies/ml (interquartile range, 4.8–5.7), respectively. Nine (5.3%) patients had culture-positive treatment failure (n = 3) or relapse (n = 6). Eight of these nine (89%) cases had isolates with acquired rifamycin resistance. Treatment failure or relapse was associated with baseline CD4 lymphocyte count, being 12.3% (9/73; 95% confidence interval, 6.5–22.0%) among patients with CD4 < 100 cells/mm3 versus 0% (0/65; 95% confidence interval, 0.0–4.5%) among those with higher CD4 lymphocyte counts (p < 0.01). One hundred thirty-seven (81%) patients received antiretroviral therapy during TB treatment. Adverse events were common, but only two patients (1%) permanently discontinued study drugs.
A new method for comparing rankings through complex networks: Model and analysis of competitiveness of major European soccer leagues
Creators: name: Criado, Regino
name: Garcia, Esther
name: Pedroche, Francisco
name: Romance, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we show a new technique to analyze families of rankings. In particular we focus on sports rankings and, more precisely, on soccer leagues. We consider that two teams compete when they change their relative positions in consecutive rankings. This allows to define a graph by linking teams that compete. We show how to use some structural properties of this competitivity graph to measure to what extend the teams in a league compete. These structural properties are the mean degree, the mean strength and the clustering coefficient. We give a generalization of the Kendall's correlation coefficient to more than two rankings. We also show how to make a dynamic analysis of a league and how to compare different leagues. We apply this technique to analyze the four major European soccer leagues: Bundesliga, Italian Lega, Spanish Liga, and Premier League. We compare our results with the classical analysis of sport ranking based on measures of competitive balance.
Postharvest longevity and physiological changes in cut Asparagus plumosus foliage as influenced by preharvest and postharvest treatment of salicylic acid and gibberellic acid
Creators: name: Amin, M.
name: Naderi, R.
name: Sedaghathoor, S.
name: Kalatehjari, S.
Publisher: name: Annali di Botanica
Year: 2023

description: Annali di Botanica, V. 13 (2023)
description: Asparagus plumosus have plenty of applications in floral decoration, but its postharvest longevity is short. So, the present research aimed to improve vase life and some physiological parameters of this plant species in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with 16 treatments and three replications. The experimental treatments included two plant growth regulators of gibberellic acid (GA3) and salicylic acid (SA) at four rates (0, 100, 200, and 400 µmol) and two application methods of foliar application at the preharvest phase and application in the preservative solution at the postharvest phase. In both application methods, SA and GA3 improved all traits versus the control irrespective of the application method. However, the combined application of 100 and 200 µmol of GA3 and SA exhibited the best results and the longest vase life. The weakest results among different rates were obtained from increasing the application rate of SA and GA3 to 400 µmol. In general, the best treatments for improving the vase life and related traits were SA100 + GA200 in the foliar application and SA200 + GA100 in the vase solution application. So, they are recommended for preserving the postharvest quality of this plant species.
description: Annali di Botanica, V. 13 (2023)
title: An die hohe Nationalversammlung von Deutschland zu Frankfurt am Main. Mitten unter den politischen Stürmen des Augenblicks hat es die hohe Nationalversammlung für dringend gehalten, in den Entwurf der Grundrechte des deutschen Volkes auch die Bestimmungen aufzunehmen, welche in Zukunft die geistige Bildung des deutschen Volkes sicher stellen sollen, und neuerdings die Angelegenheit der Volksbildung, ihrer grossen Wichtigkeit halber, einem besonderen Ausschusse zugewiesen ...; [1848]
title: [Dresden, im Monate Juli 1848]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
Bankruptcy Decision Making: An Empirical Study of Continuation Bias in Small‐Business Bankruptcies
Creators: name: Morrison, Edward R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Bankruptcy
subject: Debtor and creditor
subject: Liquidation
subject: Small business--Law and legislation
subject: Small business
subject: Federal rules of bankruptcy procedure (United States. Supreme Court)
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Many small businesses attempt to reorganize under Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, but most are ultimately liquidated instead. Little is known about this shutdown decision. It is widely suspected that the bankruptcy process exhibits a continuation bias, allowing failing businesses to linger under the protection of the court, which resists liquidation even when it is optimal. This paper examines the shutdown decision in a sample of Chapter 11 bankruptcy cases filed in a typical bankruptcy court over the course of a year. The presence of continuation bias is tested along several dimensions—the extent of managerial control over the bankruptcy process, the accuracy and speed with which viable and nonviable businesses are distinguished, and the characteristics of the hazard of shutdown compared with the predictions of a formal model. Contrary to conventional wisdom, the paper finds that continuation bias is either absent or empirically unimportant.
Time-like reductions of five-dimensional supergravity
Creators: name: Cortés, Vicente
name: Dempster, Paul
name: Mohaupt, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we study the scalar geometries occurring in the dimensional reduction of minimal five-dimensional supergravity to three Euclidean dimensions, and find that these depend on whether one first reduces over space or over time. In both cases the scalar manifold of the reduced theory is described as an eight-dimensional Lie group $L$ (the Iwasawa subgroup of $G_{2(2)}$) with a left-invariant para-quaternionic-Kähler structure. We show that depending on whether one reduces first over space or over time, the group $L$ is mapped to two different open $L$-orbits on the pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space $G_{2(2)}/(SL(2) \cdot SL(2))$. These two orbits are inequivalent in the sense that they are distinguished by the existence of integrable $L$-invariant complex or para-complex structures.
description: 41 pages. Minor revision: one reference and comments added
Double vs single internal thoracic artery harvesting in diabetic patients: role in perioperative infection rate
Creators: name: Agrifoglio, Marco
name: Trezzi, Matteo
name: Barili, Fabio
name: Dainese, Luca
name: Cheema, Faisal
name: Topkara, Veli
name: Ghislandi, Chiara
name: Parolari, Alessandro
name: Polvani, Gianluca
name: Alamanni, Francesco
name: Biglioli, Paolo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Medical sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: The aim of this prospective study is to evaluate the role in the onset of surgical site infections of bilateral internal thoracic arteries harvesting in patients with decompensated preoperative glycemia. Methods: 81 consecutive patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus underwent elective CABG harvesting single or double internal thoracic arteries. Single left ITA was harvested in 41 patients (Group 1, 50.6%), BITAs were harvested in 40 (Group 2, 49.4%). The major clinical end points analyzed in this study were infection rate, type of infection, duration of infection, infection relapse rate and total hospital length of stay. Results: Five patients developed sternal SSI in the perioperative period, 2 in group 1 and 3 in group 2 without significant difference. All sternal SSIs were superficial with no sternal dehiscence. The development of infection from the time of surgery took 18.5 ± 2.1 and 7.3 ± 3.0 days for Groups 1 and 2 respectively. The infections were treated with wound irrigation and debridement, and with VAC therapy as well as with antibiotics. The VAC system was removed after a mean of 12.8 ± 5.1 days, when sterilization was achieved. The overall survival estimate at 1 year was 98.7%. Only BMI was a significant predictor of SSI using multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis (Odds Ratio: 1.34; 95%Conficdence Interval: 1.02–1.83; p value: 0.04). In the model, the use of BITA was not an independent predictor of SSI. Conclusion: CABG with bilateral pedicled ITAs grafting could be performed safely even in diabetics with poor preoperative glycaemic control.
Decision making in commercial construction
Creators: name: GOLDBERG, Ari
name: YOUNG-CORBETT, Deborah
Publisher: name: CPH Conference : 11th International Symposium on Human Factors in Organisational Design and Management
Year: 2014

description: As part of an ongoing project to develop interventions to improve the rates of adoption of lower-risk materials and equipment in commercial construction, an
investigation to elucidate the process of materials-specification decision-making was undertaken. Interviews at three sites revealed the following. Architects/designers typically base material selection upon aesthetic, quality, or green performance criteria. Management firms typically hire subcontractors to perform the construction operations and materials specification occasionally occurs at these levels due to quality or usability concerns over the design-specified supplies. Management firms may specify the need for hazard mitigating equipment but may not mandate a specific form.
Lattice Laughlin States of Bosons and Fermions at Filling Fractions $1/q$
Creators: name: Tu, Hong-Hao
name: Nielsen, Anne E. B.
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
name: Sierra, Germán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a two-parameter family of strongly-correlated wave functions for bosons and fermions in lattices. One parameter, $q$, is connected to the filling fraction. The other one, $η$, allows us to interpolate between the lattice limit ($η=1$) and the continuum limit ($η\to 0^+$) of families of states appearing in the context of the fractional quantum Hall effect or the Calogero-Sutherland model. We give evidence that the main physical properties along the interpolation remain the same. Finally, in the lattice limit, we derive parent Hamiltonians for those wave functions and in 1D, we determine part of the low energy spectrum.
description: 5+5 pages, 4 figures
Antiretroviral Treatment and Prevention of Peripartum and Postnatal HIV Transmission in West Africa: Evaluation of a Two-Tiered Approach
Creators: name: Tonwe-Gold, Besigin
name: Ekouevi, Didier K.
name: Viho, Ida
name: Amani-Bosse, Clarisse
name: Toure, Siaka
name: Coffie, Patrick A.
name: Rouet, François
name: Becquet, Renaud
name: Leroy, Valériane
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Abrams, Elaine J.
name: Dabis, François
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Pharmacology
Public health

description: Background

Highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) has only been recently recommended for HIV-infected pregnant women requiring treatment for their own health in resource-limited settings. However, there are few documented experiences from African countries. We evaluated the short-term (4 wk) and long-term (12 mo) effectiveness of a two-tiered strategy of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) in Africa: women meeting the eligibility criteria of the World Health Organization (WHO) received HAART, and women with less advanced HIV disease received short-course antiretroviral (scARV) PMTCT regimens.

Methods and Findings

The MTCT-Plus Initiative is a multi-country, family-centred HIV care and treatment program for pregnant and postpartum women and their families. Pregnant women enrolled in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire received either HAART for their own health or short-course antiretroviral (scARV) PMTCT regimens according to their clinical and immunological status. Plasma HIV-RNA viral load (VL) was measured to diagnose peripartum infection when infants were 4 wk of age, and HIV final status was documented either by rapid antibody testing when infants were aged ≥ 12 mo or by plasma VL earlier. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the rate of HIV transmission and HIV-free survival. Between August 2003 and June 2005, 107 women began HAART at a median of 30 wk of gestation, 102 of them with zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and nevirapine (NVP) and they continued treatment postpartum; 143 other women received scARV for PMTCT, 103 of them with sc(ZDV+3TC) with single-dose NVP during labour. Most (75%) of the infants were breast-fed for a median of 5 mo. Overall, the rate of peripartum HIV transmission was 2.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3%–4.2%) and the cumulative rate at 12 mo was 5.7% (95% CI 2.5%–9.0%). The overall probability of infant death or infection with HIV was 4.3% (95% CI 1.7%–7.0%) at age week 4 wk and 11.7% (95% CI 7.5%–15.9%) at 12 mo.

Conclusions

This two-tiered strategy appears to be safe and highly effective for short- and long-term PMTCT in resource-constrained settings. These results indicate a further benefit of access to HAART for pregnant women who need treatment for their own health.
An Interface with computer-generated facial expressions as an alternative for mood self-reports in an EMA context.
Creators: name: Valev, Hristo
name: Leufkens, Tim
name: Westerink, Joyce
name: Sas, Corina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: The described approach investigates the use of computer-generated synthetic facial expressions for providing mood self-reports. 37 participants tracked their mood over a period of 2 weeks with a facial expression-based scale and a VAS scale and were prompted to report their mood 5 times per day in at semi-fixed intervals. The outcome identifies a positive correlation of r=.86 between assessments provided with both scales. Highlights and implications of the use of facial expression-based scales are discussed.
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction
Creators: name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: The Data Collection On Adverse Events Of Anti-HIV Drugs (DAD) Study Group
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Public health

description: BACKGROUND
It remains controversial whether exposure to combination antiretroviral treatment increases the risk of myocardial infarction.
METHODS
In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 23,468 patients from 11 previously established cohorts from December 1999 to April 2001 and collected follow-up data until February 2002. Data were collected on infection with the human immunodeficiency virus and on risk factors for and the incidence of myocardial infarction. Relative rates were calculated with Poisson regression models. Combination antiretroviral therapy was defined as any combination regimen of antiretroviral drugs that included a protease inhibitor or a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
RESULTS
Over a period of 36,199 person-years, 126 patients had a myocardial infarction. The incidence of myocardial infarction increased with longer exposure to combination antiretroviral therapy (adjusted relative rate per year of exposure, 1.26 [95 percent confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.41]; P<0.001). Other factors significantly associated with myocardial infarction were older age, current or former smoking, previous cardiovascular disease, and male sex, but not a family history of coronary heart disease. A higher total serum cholesterol level, a higher triglyceride level, and the presence of diabetes were also associated with an increased incidence of myocardial infarction.
CONCLUSIONS
Combination antiretroviral therapy was independently associated with a 26 percent relative increase in the rate of myocardial infarction per year of exposure during the first four to six years of use. However, the absolute risk of myocardial infarction was low and must be balanced against the marked benefits from antiretroviral treatment.
Multiplicity fluctuation analysis of target residues in nucleus-emulsion collisions at a few hundred MeV/nucleon
Creators: name: Zhang, D. H.
name: Chen, Y. L.
name: Wang, G. R.
name: Li, W. D.
name: Wang, Q.
name: Yao, J. J.
name: Zhou, J. G.
name: Zhen, S. H.
name: Xu, L. L.
name: Miao, H. F.
name: Wang, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiplicity fluctuation of the target evaporated fragments emitted in 290 A MeV 12C-AgBr, 400 A MeV 12C-AgBr, 400 A MeV 20Ne-AgBr and 500 A MeV 56Fe-AgBr interactions is investigated using scaled factorial moment method in two-dimensional normal phase space and cumulative variable space, respectively. It is found that in normal phase space the scaled factorial moment (ln) increases linearly with increase of the divided number of phase space (lnM) for lower q-value and increases linearly with the increase of lnM and then becomes saturated or decreased for higher q-value, in cumulative variable space ln decreases linearly with increase of lnM, which indicates that no evidence of non-statistical multiplicity fluctuation is observed in our data sets. So any fluctuation indicated in the results of normal variable space analysis is totally caused by non-uniformity of single-particle density distribution.
description: 10 Pages, 4 figures
Tuberculosis and HIV–Needed: A New Paradigm for the Control and Management of Linked Epidemics
Creators: name: Tsiouris, Simon
name: Gandhi, Neel R.
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Gerald, Friedland
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Public health
Epidemiology

description: Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease have been closely entwined since the early years of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. The 2 conditions overlap in their epidemiologic characteristics and clinical manifestations and are both clothed in stigma. They individually carry the risk of creating social, economic, and political instability, which is markedly worsened when they affect a region in concert. The overwhelming burden of disease due to both TB and HIV is borne by resource-limited countries and the hardest hit among these are in sub-Saharan Africa. In sub-Saharan Africa, the HIV epidemic is accelerating what was already a massive TB epidemic, with the incidence rate of TB increasing from 146 per 100,000 in 1990 to 345 per 100,000 in 2003. Each disease contributes to the morbidity and mortality of the other. TB is now the leading cause of death among persons with HIV disease. HIV increases the risk of reactivation of latent TB infection (LTBI) and progression to active TB disease more than any other known risk factor. In some countries, the percentage of patients with active TB who are coinfected with HIV is now greater than 60%. Even with appropriate management of TB, patients with HIV co-infection have increased mortality as a consequence of HIV-related complications.
Bankruptcy's Rarity: An Essay on Small Business Bankruptcy in the United States
Creators: name: Morrison, Edward R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Bankruptcy
subject: Debtor and creditor
subject: Liquidation
subject: Small business--Law and legislation
subject: Small business
subject: Federal rules of bankruptcy procedure (United States. Supreme Court)
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Most nations have enacted statutes governing business liquidation and reorganization. These statutes are the primary focus when policymakers and scholars discuss ways to improve laws governing business failure. This focus is misplaced, at least for distressed small businesses in the United States. Evidence from a major credit bureau shows that over eighty percent of these businesses liquidate or reorganize without invoking the formal Bankruptcy Code. The businesses instead invoke procedures derived from the laws of contracts, secured lending, and trusts. These procedures can be cheaper and speedier than a formal bankruptcy filing, but they typically require unanimous consent of senior, secured lenders. This essay identifies the conditions under which a business owner is able to obtain lender consent. The empirical findings point to an important balance between a nation's formal insolvency statutes and alternative modes of liquidation and reorganization. This balance, the essay argues, should play a central role in any discussion of insolvency-law reform.
Influence of Economic Decoupling in assessing carbon budget quotas for the European Union
Creators: name: Perissi, Ilaria
name: Jones, Aled
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In the present study, for the first time, an effort sharing approach based on Inertia and Capability principles is proposed to assess European Union (EU27) carbon budget distribution among the Member States. This is done within the context of achieving the Green Deal objective and EU27 carbon neutrality by 2050. An in-depth analysis is carried out about the role of Economic Decoupling embedded in the Capability principle to evaluate the correlation between the expected increase of economic production and the level of carbon intensity in the Member States. As decarbonization is a dynamic process, the study proposes a simple mathematical model as a policy tool to assess and redistribute Member States carbon budgets as frequently as necessary to encourage progress or overcome the difficulties each Member State may face during the decarbonization pathways.
description: 41 pages, 17 figure, 21 Tables. This research was funded by PLEDGES project- European Union s Horizon 2020 MSCA IF GA ID: 101023109
Technical Specification of the SXT-100
Creators: name: Fahy, Kenneth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: soft X-ray; cryo-tomography; tomography; organelles; laboratory soft X-ray microscope

description: SiriusXT has developed a high throughput, bench-top, Soft X-Ray Microscope which produces high resolution 3D images of the internal structure of biological cells.
 The benefits of soft x-ray tomography in imaging the sub-cellular architecture and organization of eukaryotic cells have been recognized for close to twenty years. The naturally high-contrast 3D images produced from whole, fully hydrated cells, without the need to use contrast-enhancing agents, have been instrumental in increasing disease researchers’ understanding of cell structure and behaviour and have led to new insights and discoveries in cell biology.
 Imaging eukaryotic cells, of approx. ten microns in diameter, with high brightness and with high throughput requires an x-ray source with a small, highly dense photon beam and with small angular divergence.
 The SiriusXT SXT100 Soft X-ray Microscope is the first commercial solution that offers researchers the opportunity to image cells in their own laboratory, at a quality and performance comparable to the synchrotrons. The solution is available as both a product and a service.
Mapping Species Composition of Forests and Tree Plantations in Northeastern Costa Rica with an Integration of Hyperspectral and Multitemporal Landsat Imagery
Creators: name: Fagan, Matthew E.
name: DeFries, Ruth S.
name: Sesnie, Steven E.
name: Arroyo-Mora, J. Pablo
name: Soto, Carlomagno
name: Singh, Aditya
name: Townsend, Philip A.
name: Chazdon, Robin L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Remote sensing
subject: Forests and forestry

description: An efficient means to map tree plantations is needed to detect tropical land use change and evaluate reforestation projects. To analyze recent tree plantation expansion in northeastern Costa Rica, we examined the potential of combining moderate-resolution hyperspectral imagery (2005 HyMap mosaic) with multitemporal, multispectral data (Landsat) to accurately classify (1) general forest types and (2) tree plantations by species composition. Following a linear discriminant analysis to reduce data dimensionality, we compared four Random Forest classification models: hyperspectral data (HD) alone; HD plus interannual spectral metrics; HD plus a multitemporal forest regrowth classification; and all three models combined. The fourth, combined model achieved overall accuracy of 88.5%. Adding multitemporal data significantly improved classification accuracy (p < 0.0001) of all forest types, although the effect on tree plantation accuracy was modest. The hyperspectral data alone classified six species of tree plantations with 75% to 93% producer’s accuracy; adding multitemporal spectral data increased accuracy only for two species with dense canopies. Non-native tree species had higher classification accuracy overall and made up the majority of tree plantations in this landscape. Our results indicate that combining occasionally acquired hyperspectral data with widely available multitemporal satellite imagery enhances mapping and monitoring of reforestation in tropical landscapes.
title: Antrag des Abgeordneten Dham aus Westfalen, eine neue politische Eintheilung Deutschlands betreffend; 1848
title: Ein Beitrag zur deutschen Reichsverfassung
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Dham, Carl Johann Ludwig
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Frankfurt am Main. Verlag von Fr. Wilmans, Buchhandlung. (Nachfolger G. Jabusch.) 1848.
Boundedness of Relative Convolutions on Nilpotent Lie Groups
Creators: name: Kisil, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 43A80

description: We discuss some norm estimations for integrated representations. We use the covariant transform to extend Howe's method from the Heisenberg group to general nilpotent Lie groups.
description: 5 pages, no figures
HIV-Associated Tuberculosis: Diagnostic and Treatment Challenges
Creators: name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Tsiouris, Simon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Public health
subject: Drugs

description: Tuberculosis (TB) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are, individually, two of the world's greatest ongoing public health threats. In combination, the two diseases can be even more devastating. HIV significantly increases an individual's chances of reactivation of latent TB infection and progression to active TB disease. HIV's associated immunosuppression makes it more difficult to diagnose active TB due to a higher likelihood of atypical and extrapulmonary presentation and poorer performance of standard diagnostic tools. TB is the major cause of death in individuals infected with HIV, and the combination of both illnesses creates unique treatment challenges for providers due to interactions between antituberculous and antiretroviral medications, overlapping drug toxicities, and the immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Magnifying these challenges even further is the fact that much of the burden of TB/HIV coinfection exists in some of the world's most resource-limited settings. Concerted efforts are needed to identify rapid and accurate diagnostic tools for active TB disease and latent TB infection (LTBI) that are practical and inexpensive and that perform well in individuals with HIV infection. Also needed are effective and feasible strategies to optimize management of both conditions in the coinfected patient.
The COVID-19 pandemic and healthcare systems in Africa: A scoping review of preparedness, impact and response
Creators: name: Gesesew, Hailay
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Social determinants of health

description: Background The COVID-19 pandemic has overwhelmed health systems in both developed and developing nations alike. Africa has one of the weakest health systems globally, but there is limited evidence on how the region is prepared for, impacted by and responded to the pandemic. Methods We conducted a scoping review of PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL to search peer-reviewed articles and Google, Google Scholar and preprint sites for grey literature. The scoping review captured studies on either preparedness or impacts or responses associated with COVID-19 or covering one or more of the three topics and guided by Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework. The extracted information was documented following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension checklist for scoping reviews. Finally, the resulting data were thematically analysed. Results Twenty-two eligible studies, of which 6 reported on health system preparedness, 19 described the impacts of COVID-19 on access to general and essential health services and 7 focused on responses taken by the healthcare systems were included. The main setbacks in health system preparation included lack of available health services needed for the pandemic, inadequate resources and equipment, and limited testing ability and surge capacity for COVID-19. Reduced flow of patients and missing scheduled appointments were among the most common impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. Health system responses identified in this review included the availability of telephone consultations, re-purposing of available services and establishment of isolation centres, and provisions of COVID-19 guidelines in some settings. Conclusions The health systems in Africa were inadequately prepared for the pandemic, and its impact was substantial. Responses were slow and did not match the magnitude of the problem. Interventions that will improve and strengthen health system resilience and financing through local, national and global engagement should be prioritised.
On the experimental verification of quantum complexity in linear optics
Creators: name: Carolan, Jacques
name: Meinecke, Jasmin D. A.
name: Shadbolt, Pete
name: Russell, Nicholas J.
name: Ismail, Nur
name: Wörhoff, Kerstin
name: Rudolph, Terry
name: Thompson, Mark G.
name: O'Brien, Jeremy L.
name: Matthews, Jonathan C. F.
name: Laing, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first quantum technologies to solve computational problems that are beyond the capabilities of classical computers are likely to be devices that exploit characteristics inherent to a particular physical system, to tackle a bespoke problem suited to those characteristics. Evidence implies that the detection of ensembles of photons, which have propagated through a linear optical circuit, is equivalent to sampling from a probability distribution that is intractable to classical simulation. However, it is probable that the complexity of this type of sampling problem means that its solution is classically unverifiable within a feasible number of trials, and the task of establishing correct operation becomes one of gathering sufficiently convincing circumstantial evidence. Here, we develop scalable methods to experimentally establish correct operation for this class of sampling algorithm, which we implement with two different types of optical circuits for 3, 4, and 5 photons, on Hilbert spaces of up to 50,000 dimensions. With only a small number of trials, we establish a confidence >99% that we are not sampling from a uniform distribution or a classical distribution, and we demonstrate a unitary specific witness that functions robustly for small amounts of data. Like the algorithmic operations they endorse, our methods exploit the characteristics native to the quantum system in question. Here we observe and make an application of a "bosonic clouding" phenomenon, interesting in its own right, where photons are found in local groups of modes superposed across two locations. Our broad approach is likely to be practical for all architectures for quantum technologies where formal verification methods for quantum algorithms are either intractable or unknown.
description: Comments welcome
Probing the holographic model of $\mathcal{N} =4$ SYM rotating quark-gluon plasma
Creators: name: Golubtsova, Anastasia A.
name: Tsegelnik, Nikita S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Wilson loops in holographic duals of the $\mathcal{N}=4$ SYM quark-gluon plasma. For this we consider the Schwarzschild-$AdS_5$ and Kerr-$AdS_5$ black holes, which are dual to the non-rotating and rotating QGPs, correspondingly. From temporal Wilson loops we find the heavy quark potentials in both backgrounds. For the temperature above the critical one we observe the Coulomb-like behaviour of the potentials. We find that increasing the rotation the interquark distance decreases, we also see that the increase of the temperature yields the similar behaviour. Moreover, at high temperatures values of the potentials in Kerr-$AdS_5$ are close to that one calculated in the Schwarzschild-$AdS_5$ black hole. We also explore holographic light-like Wilson loops from which the jet-quenching parameters of a fast parton propagating in the QGP are extracted. We find that the rotation increases the value of the jet-quenching parameter. However, at high temperatures the jet-quenching parameters have a cubic dependence on the temperature as for the AdS black brane.
description: 32 pp, 11 figs; v2: figs. 5-7,9-11 corrected, table 2 fixed, references updated
Supernova Constraints on MeV Dark Sectors from e+ e- Annihilations
Creators: name: Dreiner, Herbert K.
name: Fortin, Jean-François
name: Hanhart, Christoph
name: Ubaldi, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theories with dark forces and dark sectors are of interest for dark matter models. In this paper we find the region in parameter space that is constrained by supernova cooling constraints when the models include dark sector particles with masses around 100 MeV or less. We include only interactions with electrons and positrons. The constraint is important for small mixing parameters.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures
Structural distortion in antiferromagnetic BaFe2As2 as a result of time-inversion symmetry
Creators: name: Krüger, Ekkehard
name: Strunk, Horst P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As reported by Q. Huang et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 257003 (2008)], neutron diffraction studies show an onset of antiferromagnetic order in BaFe2As2 associated with a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic distortion. We determine the group Cmca as the space group of antiferromagnetic BaFe2As2 and identify a roughly half-filled energy band of BaFe2As2 with Bloch functions of special symmetry as magnetic band. As explained by the group-theoretical nonadiabatic Heisenberg model, the electrons in this narrow band may lower their Coulomb correlation energy by producing just the experimentally observed antiferromagnetic state if this state does not violate group-theoretical principles. However, in undistorted BaFe2As2 the time-inversion symmetry of the system interferes with the stability of the antiferromagnetic state. Nevertheless, it can be stabilized by a structural distortion of BaFe2As2 going beyond the magnetostriction. We derive two possible structural distortions stabilizing the antiferromagnetic state. These distortions are described by their space groups and consist in mere displacements of the Fe atoms.
Acceptability of Tenofovir Gel as a Vaginal Microbicide Among Women in a Phase I Trial: A Mixed-Methods Study
Creators: name: Rosen, Rochelle K.
name: Morrow, Kathleen M.
name: Carballo-Dieguez, Alex
name: Mantell, Joanne E.
name: Hoffman, Susie
name: Gai, Fang
name: Maslankowski, Lisa
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Mayer, Kenneth H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Pharmacology
Drugs

description: Objectives: In this phase I safety trial of tenofovir gel, a candidate vaginal microbicide for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention, a mixed-methods design was used to gather acceptability data among women participants. The impact of acceptability factors on use of the gel and the relationship between qualitative and quantitative acceptability data are explored.

Methods: Participants included low-risk, HIV-uninfected, and clinically stable HIV-infected women. Participants were enrolled into cohorts stratified by HIV serostatus, sexual activity, gel concentration, and frequency of use. Quantitative data were collected via interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected via semistructured small group discussions.

Results: Although 94% of participants stated they would “probably” or “definitely” use tenofovir gel, a range of responses emerged on multiple domains relevant to microbicide acceptability during the qualitative discussions. Lubrication, leakage, sexual pleasure, and the possibility of covert use were central to women's qualitative assessments of tenofovir gel.

Conclusions: Quantitative results indicate that tenofovir vaginal gel was acceptable to almost all users, while qualitative findings indicate that acceptability is complex, varies among users, and is likely shaped by a variety of contextual factors that manufacturers will need to consider to optimize use-effectiveness. Because of the differences in the qualitative and quantitative responses, the authors argue that future trials of candidate microbicides should include strategic collection of mixed-methods microbicide acceptability data.
Biodiversity, autecology and status of aromatic and medicinal plants in Geopark M’Goun (Morocco)
Creators: name: Gharnit, Y.
name: Outourakht, A.
name: Boulli, A.
name: Hassib, A.
Publisher: name: Annali di Botanica
Year: 2023

description: Annali di Botanica, V. 13 (2023)
description: The M'goun Geopark vegetation is presented by a rich Mediterranean vegetation cover consisting of oak groves, juniper groves, tetraclinae, and Aleppo pine, these forests are inhabited by an extremely biodiverse species, particularly medicinal and aromatic plants. This richness is owing to the region distinct characteristics, namely the ecological diversity that has resulted in altitudinal and continental climate variation on the one hand, mixed with lithological and orographic diversity on the other. The specific richness of aromatic plants within the geopark is meaningful; with approximately 47 species, of which at least six are cultivated, this confirms the good adaptation of aromatic plants to the ecological conditions of the geopark. However, some spontaneously aromatic plants are overexploited, making them more vulnerable. In addition, the IUCN Red List showed that 42 % of these species are not yet evaluated, 3 are near threatened, 2 are vulnerable, and one is endangered. Some of non-evaluated species are under threat, which need assessment, mentoring, and conservation projects.
description: Annali di Botanica, V. 13 (2023)
Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among veterans of the Indian Gorkha regiments living in Pokhara Metropolitan City, Nepal
Creators: name: McLachlan, Craig
Publisher: name: Torrens University Australia
Year: 2022
Subjects: Primary health care

description: Background: Hypertension is a major preventable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Occupational factors such as having served or serving in armed forces may be associated with hypertension. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among veterans of the Indian Gorkha army living in western Nepal. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among the veterans living in the Pokhara metropolitan city. Data on blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, and behavioral factors were collected by face-to-face interviews using the World Health Organization's non-communicable disease risk factor surveillance (STEPS) tool. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥ 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP of ≥ 90 mm Hg or currently on antihypertensive medication. Results: The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 66.2 % among the study participants (317). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 144.5 mmHg (± 18.3) and 89.3mmHg (± 16.0), respectively. Among the hypertensive participants, 67 % were aware of their disease, 90 % of them were under treatment, and 14 % of the individuals who received treatment had their hypertension under control. The proportion of smokers was 12.9 % and alcohol drinker was 86.1 %. One-fourth (25.9 %) of the participants had a family history of hypertension. Veterans aged 55-64 years had higher odds (AOR: 5.3; 95 % CI: 1.8–15.9; p = 0.003) of being associated with hypertension as compared to 35–44 years. Being a current alcohol drinker (AOR: 2.5; 95 % CI: 1.4–4.5; p = 0.003), overweight (AOR: 1.9; 95 % CI: 1.0-3.5; p = 0.04), obese (AOR: 3.1; 95 % CI: 1.1–8.3; p = 0.03) and family history of hypertension (AOR: 2.9; 95 % CI: 1.5–5.8; p = 0.002) were independently associated with hypertension. Conclusions: Hypertension was prevalent in retired Nepal veterans. Hypertension was associated with a number of modifiable lifestyle and behavioral factors. Our findings suggest the need for screening, education and management of Nepal veterans for hypertension.
Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy on Incidence of Pregnancy among HIV-Infected Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Cohort Study
Creators: name: Myer, Landon
name: Carter, Rosalind J.
name: Katyal, Monica
name: Toro, Patricia L.
name: El-Sadr, Wafaa Mahmoud
name: Abrams, Elaine J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Pharmacology
Public health

description: Background

With the rapid expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services in sub-Saharan Africa there is growing recognition of the importance of fertility and childbearing among HIV-infected women. However there are few data on whether ART initiation influences pregnancy rates.

Methods and Findings

We analyzed data from the Mother-to-Child Transmission-Plus (MTCT-Plus) Initiative, a multicountry HIV care and treatment program for women, children, and families. From 11 programs in seven African countries, women were enrolled into care regardless of HIV disease stage and followed at regular intervals; ART was initiated according to national guidelines on the basis of immunological and/or clinical criteria. Standardized forms were used to collect sociodemographic and clinical data, including incident pregnancies. Overall 589 incident pregnancies were observed among the 4,531 women included in this analysis (pregnancy incidence, 7.8/100 person-years [PY]). The rate of new pregnancies was significantly higher among women receiving ART (9.0/100 PY) compared to women not on ART (6.5/100 PY) (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–2.54). Other factors independently associated with increased risk of incident pregnancy included younger age, lower educational attainment, being married or cohabiting, having a male partner enrolled into the program, failure to use nonbarrier contraception, and higher CD4 cell counts.

Conclusions

ART use is associated with significantly higher pregnancy rates among HIV-infected women in sub-Saharan Africa. While the possible behavioral or biomedical mechanisms that may underlie this association require further investigation, these data highlight the importance of pregnancy planning and management as a critical but neglected component of HIV care and treatment services.