cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Emergence of clones in sexual populations
Creators: name: Neher, Richard A.
name: Vucelja, Marija
name: Mézard, Marc
name: Shraiman, Boris I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In sexual population, recombination reshuffles genetic variation and produces novel combinations of existing alleles, while selection amplifies the fittest genotypes in the population. If recombination is more rapid than selection, populations consist of a diverse mixture of many genotypes, as is observed in many populations. In the opposite regime, which is realized for example in the facultatively sexual populations that outcross in only a fraction of reproductive cycles, selection can amplify individual genotypes into large clones. Such clones emerge when the fitness advantage of some of the genotypes is large enough that they grow to a significant fraction of the population despite being broken down by recombination. The occurrence of this "clonal condensation" depends, in addition to the outcrossing rate, on the heritability of fitness. Clonal condensation leads to a strong genetic heterogeneity of the population which is not adequately described by traditional population genetics measures, such as Linkage Disequilibrium. Here we point out the similarity between clonal condensation and the freezing transition in the Random Energy Model of spin glasses. Guided by this analogy we explicitly calculate the probability, Y, that two individuals are genetically identical as a function of the key parameters of the model. While Y is the analog of the spin-glass order parameter, it is also closely related to rate of coalescence in population genetics: Two individuals that are part of the same clone have a recent common ancestor.
description: revised version
Conjugacy growth of finitely generated groups
Creators: name: Hull, M.
name: Osin, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F69, 20E45, 20F65, 20F67

description: We show that every non-decreasing function $f\colon \mathbb N\to \mathbb N$ bounded from above by $a^n$ for some $a\ge 1$ can be realized (up to a natural equivalence) as the conjugacy growth function of a finitely generated group. We also construct a finitely generated group $G$ and a subgroup $H\le G$ of index 2 such that $H$ has only 2 conjugacy classes while the conjugacy growth of $G$ is exponential. In particular, conjugacy growth is not a quasi-isometry invariant.
description: The published version of this paper contained an inaccuracy in the proof of Corollary 5.6, which was later corrected in Corrigendum to "Conjugacy growth of finitely generated groups", Adv. Math. 294 (2016), 857-859. This version incorporates all necessary corrections
Le modèle de la boîte pour jouer à l’éducation préscolaire : retombées pour la formation initiale des maîtres
Creators: name: RICS, Revue
name: Soucy, Emmanuelle
name: Dumais, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Education

description: À la suite d’une recherche collaborative menée avec des enseignantes de la maternelle 4 ans et 5 ans qui a notamment permis la coconstruction d’un modèle, soit la boite pour jouer, des didacticiens ont revu leur façon d’enseigner certains contenus de leurs cours de didactique du français en lien avec l’éducation préscolaire. Cette contribution fait d’abord un rapide tour d’horizon de la formation des enseignantes de la maternelle au Québec. Ensuite, les résultats de la recherche collaborative qui a été menée à l’éducation préscolaire sont présentés. Enfin, les ajustements effectués dans des cours de didactique du français sont exposés.
A Metadata enriched Open Data Format across Statistical Programs
Creators: name: Saalbach, Claudia
name: Han, Xiaoyao
name: Wenzig, Knut
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Diese Präsentation wurde im Rahmen von "Langzeitarchivierung in Forschungsdatenzentren" am 14.11.2023 virtuell gehalten.
description: KonsortSWD wird im Rahmen der NFDI durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) gefördert – Projektnummer: 442494171
Additional file 7: of Histone acetyltransferase CBP-related H3K23 acetylation contributes to courtship learning in Drosophila
Creators: name: Li, Kai-Le
name: Zhang, Lei
name: Yang, Xiao-Mei
name: Fang, Qiang
name: Yin, Xue-Fang
name: Wei, Hui-Min
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Li, Ya-Bin
name: Chen, Xue-Lin
name: Tang, Fan
name: Li, Yong-Hao
name: Chang, Jian-Feng
name: Li, Wei
name: Sun, Feng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: The structure of mushroom body in H3K23A overexpression and dCBP RNAi flies. (a) Immunostaining of H3K23ac in the adult brains were conducted for observing the morphology of brains. (b-d) The mushroom bodies were stained by anti-fas2 antibodies. (b) It seems to be no significant change in mushroom bodies in the group of overexpressing the H3K23A mutant. (c) The defects of mushroom bodies were observed in the flies knockdown dCBP. (d) The same experiment was used for detecting whether ICG-001 impaired the development of mushroom bodies. n=3. (DOCX 1213 kb)
title: Ausbau der Pflegeversicherung könnte Gender Care Gap in Deutschland reduzieren
Creators: name: Geyer, Johannes
name: Haan, Peter
name: Teschner, Mia
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: D13 Household Production and Intrahousehold Allocation
subject: J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J22 Time Allocation and Labor Supply
subject: Long-term Care
subject: Gender Care Gap
subject: Gender inequality
subject: SHARE

description: In vielen europäischen Ländern zeigen sich erhebliche geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der informellen Pflege von Angehörigen: Frauen pflegen Familienmitglieder wesentlich öfter als Männer. Der Unterschied in der Pflege zwischen den Geschlechtern, der Gender Care Gap, variiert stark zwischen den europäischen Ländern. Deutschland befindet sich im Mittelfeld. Dieser Wochenbericht analysiert länderübergreifend, welche institutionellen, gesellschaftlichen und arbeitsmarktspezifischen Faktoren in einem Zusammenhang mit dem Gender Care Gap in der Pflege stehen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Gender Care Gap in Ländern kleiner ist, in denen mehr für das formelle Pflegesystem ausgegeben wird. Auch zeigen die Ergebnisse, dass in Ländern mit einer generell größeren Geschlechterungleichheit und einer stärkeren Ungleichheit in der Erwerbsbeteiligung zwischen Männern und Frauen tendenziell auch der Gender Care Gap größer ist. Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen damit, dass die Geschlechterungleichheiten in der informellen Pflege mit Ausgaben im Gesundheitswesen, dem Pflegesystem und der Struktur des Arbeitsmarktes zusammenhängen. Um den Gender Care Gap zu reduzieren, sollten die Ausgaben für formelle Pflege erhöht werden, um pflegende Angehörige zu entlasten und die Qualität von Pflege in Einrichtungen zu erhöhen. Gleichzeitig sollte die Politik mit steuerlichen und familienpolitischen Anreizen die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen stärken, damit sich die Erwerbs- und Sorgearbeit im Haushalt gleichmäßiger verteilt.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 7, S. 95-103
title: Gisbert Cuper
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Gisbert Cuper as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Quantization via Empirical Divergence Maximization
Creators: name: Lexa, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Empirical divergence maximization (EDM) refers to a recently proposed strategy for estimating f-divergences and likelihood ratio functions. This paper extends the idea to empirical vector quantization where one seeks to empirically derive quantization rules that maximize the Kullback-Leibler divergence between two statistical hypotheses. We analyze the estimator's error convergence rate leveraging Tsybakov's margin condition and show that rates as fast as 1/n are possible, where n equals the number of training samples. We also show that the Flynn and Gray algorithm can be used to efficiently compute EDM estimates and show that they can be efficiently and accurately represented by recursive dyadic partitions. The EDM formulation have several advantages. First, the formulation gives access to the tools and results of empirical process theory that quantify the estimator's error convergence rate. Second, the formulation provides a previously unknown derivation for the Flynn and Gray algorithm. Third, the flexibility it affords allows one to avoid a small-cell assumption common in other approaches. Finally, we illustrate the potential use of the method through an example.
description: 26 single column, single spaced pages, 4 figures
Cell type marker enrichment across brain regions and experimental conditions
Creators: name: Tan, Powell Patrick Cheng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: The first chapter of this thesis explored the dominant gene expression pattern in the adult human brain. We discovered that the largest source of variation can be explained by cell type marker expression. Across brain regions, expression of neuron cell type markers are anti-correlated with the expression of oligodendrocyte cell type markers. Next, we explored gene function convergence and divergence in the adult mouse brain. Our contributions are as follows. First, we provide candidate cell type markers for investigating specific cell type populations. Second, we highlight orthologous genes that show functional divergence between human and mouse brains. In the second chapter, we present our preliminary work on the effects of tissue types and experimental conditions on human microarray studies. First, we measured the expression and differential expression levels of tissue-enriched genes. Next, we identified modules with similar expression levels and differential expression p-values. Our results show that expression levels reflect tissue type variation. In contrast, differential expression levels are more complex, owing to the large diversity of experimental conditions in the data. In summary, our work provides a different perspective on the functional roles of genes in human microarray studies.
Spectral density in a nematic state of iron pnictides
Creators: name: Daghofer, Maria
name: Nicholson, Andrew
name: Moreo, Adriana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using cluster-perturbation theory, we calculate the spectral density A(k,w) for a nematic phase of models describing pnictide superconductors, where very short-range magnetic correlations choose the ordering vector (pi,0) over the equivalent (0,pi) and thus break the fourfold rotation symmetry of the underlying lattice without inducing long-range magnetic order. In excellent agreement with angle resolved photo-emission spectroscopy (ARPES), we find that the yz bands at X move to higher energies. When onsite Coulomb repulsion brings the system close to a spin--density-wave (SDW) and renormalizes the band width by a factor of approx. 2, even small anisotropic couplings of 10 to 15 meV strongly distort the bands, splitting the formerly degenerate states at X and Y by approx. 70 meV and shifting the yz states at X above the chemical potential. This similarity to the SDW bands is in excellent agreement with ARPES. An important difference to the SDW bands is that the yz bands still cross the Fermi level, again in agreement with experiment. We find that orbital weights near the Fermi surface provide a better characterization than overall orbital densities and orbital polarization.
description: Fixed mistakes in the Hamiltonian given (the one used in the calculations was correct); accepted for PRB
title: Ernst Salomon Cyprian
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Ernst Salomon Cyprian as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
“They Love Their Patients”: Client Perceptions of Quality of Postabortion Care in North and South Kivu, the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Creators: name: Deitch, Julianne
name: Amisi, Jean Pierre
name: Martinez, Stephanie
name: Meyers, Janet
name: Muselemu, Jean-Baptiste
name: Nzau, Jean Jose
name: Wheeler, Erin
name: Casey, Sara E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Reproductive health services
Abortion services
Women patients--Attitudes
Women's health services--Evaluation
Humanitarian assistance

description: Background: Postabortion care (PAC) is a lifesaving intervention that, when accessible and of good quality, can prevent the majority of abortion-related deaths. However, these services are only sporadically available and often of poor quality in humanitarian settings. CARE International, the International Rescue Committee, and Save the Children strengthened the Congolese Ministry of Health to provide PAC, including voluntary contraceptive services, in North and South Kivu, DRC. Objective: We aimed to gain understanding of the demographic and clinical characteristics of PAC clients, the experiences of women who sought PAC at supported health facilities, and the women’s perceptions of the quality of care received. We also explored how client perspectives can inform future PAC programming. Methods: A PAC register review extracted sociodemographic and clinical data on all PAC clients during a 12-month period between 2015 and 2016 at 69 supported facilities in 6 health zones. In-depth interviews were conducted between September 2016 and April 2017 with 50 women who sought PAC in the preceding 3 months at supported health facilities. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated into French for analysis. Thematic content analysis was subsequently used as the data analytic approach. Results: In 12 months, 1,769 clients sought PAC at supported facilities; 85.2% were at less than 13 weeks gestation. Over 80% of PAC clients had a uterine evacuation, and of these, 90% were treated with manual vacuum aspiration. The majority (75.2%) of PAC clients chose voluntary postabortion contraception. All but one interview participant reported seeking PAC for a spontaneous abortion, although most also reported their pregnancy was unintended. Clients were mostly made aware that PAC was available by community health workers or other community members. Experiences at the supported facilities were mostly positive, particularly in regards to client-provider interactions. Most women received contraceptive counseling during PAC and selected a modern method of contraception immediately after treatment. However, knowledge about different methods of contraception varied. Nearly all women said that they would advise another woman experiencing abortion complications to seek PAC at a supported health facility. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the successful implementation of good-quality, respectful PAC in North and South Kivu. Overall, they suggest that the organizations’ support of health workers, including competency-based training and supportive supervision, was successful.
The Worldvolume Action of Kink Solitons in AdS Spacetime
Creators: name: Khoury, Justin
name: Ovrut, Burt A.
name: Stokes, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A formalism is presented for computing the higher-order corrections to the worldvolume action of co-dimension one solitons. By modifying its potential, an explicit "kink" solution of a real scalar field in AdS spacetime is found. The formalism is then applied to explicitly compute the kink worldvolume action to quadratic order in two expansion parameters--associated with the hypersurface fluctuation length and the radius of AdS spacetime respectively. Two alternative methods are given for doing this. The results are expressed in terms of the trace of the extrinsic curvature and the intrinsic scalar curvature. In addition to conformal Galileon interactions, we find a non-Galileon term which is never sub-dominant. This method can be extended to any conformally flat bulk spacetime.
description: 32 pages, 3 figures, typos corrected and additional comments added
title: Ein einzelner und dafür höherer Schuldenschnitt ist für Gläubiger besser als mehrere kleine: Interview
Creators: name: Meyer, Josefin
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 6, S. 90
The Matrix Element Method at Next-to-Leading Order
Creators: name: Campbell, John M.
name: Giele, Walter T.
name: Williams, Ciaran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an extension of the matrix element method to next-to-leading order in perturbation theory. To accomplish this we have developed a method to calculate next-to-leading order weights on an event-by-event basis. This allows for the definition of next-to-leading order likelihoods in exactly the same fashion as at leading order, thus extending the matrix element method to next-to-leading order. A welcome by-product of the method is the straightforward and efficient generation of unweighted next-to-leading order events. As examples of the application of our next-to-leading order matrix element method we consider the measurement of the mass of the Z boson and also the search for the Higgs boson in the four lepton channel.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures : v2 matches published version, significant additions including discussion of missing energy applications
title: 200 Jahre Staatsschuldenkrisen: Wiederholte Umschuldungen können mit höheren Gläubigerverlusten einhergehen
Creators: name: Meyer, Josefin
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Sovereign debt
subject: Sovereign debt crises and defaults
subject: haircuts

description: In den vergangenen 200 Jahren hat es weltweit viele Zahlungsausfälle von Staaten gegeben. Die Untersuchung von 321 Umschuldungsabkommen seit 1815 zeigt, dass Verluste von ausländischen privaten und institutionellen Investoren durchschnittlich 43 Prozent betrugen. Auffällig ist, dass es insbesondere seit den 1970er Jahren zunehmend mehrerer Umschuldungen bedurfte, um einen Zahlungsausfall nachhaltig beizulegen. Um diesem neuen Phänomen Rechnung zu tragen, werden die Gläubigerverluste über alle Umschuldungen während einer Zahlungsausfallperiode summiert, anstatt die Verluste der einzelnen Umschuldungen getrennt zu betrachten. Die Berechnung zeigt, dass Schuldenkrisen mit mehreren Umschuldungen den Gläubigern insgesamt größere Verluste bescherten als ein größerer einmaliger Schuldenschnitt. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass es für die Festlegung der Schuldenschnitthöhe sinnvoll ist, die Schuldentragfähigkeit rechtzeitig und unabhängig zu analysieren. Damit könnten Umschuldungen mit zu geringen Schuldenschnitten, die sich als nicht nachhaltig erweisen, reduziert werden.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 6, S. 83-89
Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger paradoxes from qudit graph states
Creators: name: Tang, Weidong
name: Yu, Sixia
name: Oh, C. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One fascinating way of revealing the quantum nonlocality is the all-versus-nothing test due to Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) known as GHZ paradox. So far genuine multipartite and multilevel GHZ paradoxes are known to exist only in systems containing an odd number of particles. Here we shall construct GHZ paradoxes for an arbitrary number (greater than 3) of particles with the help of qudit graph states on a special kind of graphs, called as GHZ graphs. Based on the GHZ paradox arising from a GHZ graph, we derive a Bell inequality with two $d$-outcome observables for each observer, whose maximal violation attained by the corresponding graph state, and a Kochen-Specker inequality testing the quantum contextuality in a state-independent fashion.
Additional file 2: of Mapping heterogeneity in glucose uptake in metastatic melanoma using quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT analysis
Creators: name: de Heer, Ellen
name: Brouwers, Adrienne
name: Boellaard, Ronald
name: Sluiter, Wim
name: Diercks, Gilles
name: Hospers, Geke
name: de Vries, Elisabeth
name: Jalving, Mathilde
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Table S1. 18F-FDG PET lesion parameters on a per-lesion basis. (DOCX 14 kb)
Learning from SHŌGUN: Japanese History and Western Fantasy
Creators: name: Smith II, Henry D.
name: Plath, David
name: Heinz, Elgin
name: Piercy, Sandra
name: Toby, Ronald
name: Mulhern, Chieko
name: LaFleur, William
name: Matisoff, Susan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1980
Subjects: History
History in popular culture
East and West

description: This multi-authored work, edited and co-written by myself, was an effort to take seriously the best-selling novel of James Clavell, "SHŌGUN: A Novel of Japan" as a way of understanding changing Western images of Japan in the context of "real" Japanese history. The book appeared in September 1980, just before the television mini-series based on James Clavell's novel. It was the result of a workshop that I organized in the spring of that year at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where I was then teaching, and was edited and produced in Santa Barbara over the summer. The design was by Marc Treib of the College of Environmental Design at Berkeley, then already well known for his graphic design and books on architecture. "Learning from SHŌGUN" was distributed by the Japan Society of New York, and two printings quickly sold out. The authors are pleased to make it available here in PDF format for interested readers and teachers. We also want to emphasize that "Learning from SHŌGUN" is about Clavell's novel, not about either the TV miniseries or the feature film versions. A postscript to the book does offer my own first impressions of the miniseries, however, of which I was able to see a preview before it appeared on national television.
Focus on Land in Africa Brief: Burkina Faso. Lesson 1: The Multiple Dimensions of Tenure Insecurity in Burkina Faso and Implications for Economic Outcomes
Creators: name: Linkow, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2019

description: Focus on Land in Africa Brief: Burkina Faso. Lesson 1: The Multiple Dimensions of Tenure Insecurity in Burkina Faso and Implications for Economic Outcomes
Complex and Symplectic Structures on Panelled Web 4-Manifolds
Creators: name: Argüz, Hülya
name: Kalafat, Mustafa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53D05, 32Q60

description: We analyze the symplectic and complex structures on the panelled web 4-manifolds. In particular, we give infinite family of examples of almost complex but not symplectic and not complex 4-manifolds in the non-simply connected case.
description: 11 pages
Five Myths About Early Modern Japan
Creators: name: Smith II, Henry D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1997
Subjects: History
World history
History--Study and teaching
East and West
Tokugawa period, Japan, 1600-1868

description: In Ainslee Embree and Carol Gluck, eds., Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1997), pp. 514-522. The title reflects the argument that there are basic continuing misunderstandings of Japan in the early modern Tokugawa era (1600-1868), namely: 1) "Japan is a small country"; 2) "Tokugawa Japan was a feudal society"; 3) "The Tokugawa regime was a police state"; 4) "Tokugawa Japan was divided into sour separate classes"; 5) "Tokugawa Japan isolated itself from the rest of the world for more than two centuries." I argue that these assertions are misleading and simplistic.
Assessing adolescents with special health care needs : readiness to transition from paediatric to adult medical care
Creators: name: Moynihan, Melissa Mary
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Successful transition to adult care is critical for adolescents with special health care needs (SHCN), but there are no well-validated measures to assess transition readiness. This study evaluated the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) with a younger population and validated the updated Am I ON TRAC for Adult Care questionnaire. During routine clinic appointments 200 youth, ages 12-19 years, from four outpatient clinics at BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver participated in the study. The instruments included a demographics information page, the TRAQ, the ON TRAC questionnaire, and two Psychosocial Maturity Inventory (PMI) subscales. Psychometric properties of the PMI, TRAQ and ON TRAC knowledge items were evaluated using principal components analysis (PCA) with parallel analysis and scree plots. ON TRAC behaviour items were summed as an index to measure consistent patterns of behaviour; theorized cut-off scores for behaviour items were set at minimally accepted frequency of behaviours required for successful transition to adult care. Relationships between participant age, psychosocial maturity and ON TRAC scores were examined. Youth were from the diabetes (36%), cardiology (27%), gastroenterology (27%), and neurology (10%) clinics, and 57.5% were male. The PCA of the TRAQ yielded a markedly different factor structure from the original validation study and consequently could not be compared with the ON TRAC for convergent validity. The PCA of ON TRAC knowledge items identified a 14-item unidimensional scale with a Cronbach’s α=.84. ON TRAC knowledge and behaviour scores increased with age, with a stronger relationship for knowledge (r=.43, p<.01), while psychosocial maturity correlated with both ON TRAC scores, with a stronger association to behaviour (r=.39, p<.01). Psychosocial maturity and age had a weak but significant correlation (r=.16, p<.05) suggesting age is a loose proxy for maturity. Only 27% of 17-year-olds, but 62% 18-year-olds scored above the behaviour cut-off for transition readiness. The ON TRAC questionnaire is a psychometrically sound measure with strong internal consistency, and has potential to be used as a readiness assessment tool in clinical practice. Results of the TRAQ psychometric evaluation raise questions about whether it is a suitable measure to evaluate transition readiness among younger adolescents.
title: Die Gewerkschaften konnten für die Beschäftigten höhere Löhne erzielen: Interview
Creators: name: Grabka, Markus M.
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: I31 General Welfare
subject: J31 Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 5, S. 77
Graphene-based tortional resonator from molecular dynamics simulation
Creators: name: Jiang, Jin-Wu
name: Wang, Jian-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to study graphene-based torsional mechanical resonators. The quality factor is calculated by $Q_{F}=ωτ/2π$, where the frequency $ω$ and life time $τ$ are obtained from the correlation function of the normal mode coordinate. Our simulations reveal the radius-dependence of the quality factor as $Q_{F}=2628/(22R^{-1}+0.004R^{2})$, which yields a maximum value at some proper radius $R$. This maximum point is due to the strong boundary effect in the torsional resonator, as disclosed by the temperature distribution in the resonator. Resulting from the same boundary effect, the quality factor shows a power law temperature-dependence with power factors bellow 1.0. The theoretical results supply some valuable information for the manipulation of the quality factor in future experimental devices based on the torsional mechanical resonator.
description: (accepted by EPL). New email address for Jin-Wu Jiang after 22/Nov/2011: jwjiang5918@hotmail.com
title: Niedriglohnsektor in Deutschland schrumpft seit 2017
Creators: name: Grabka, Markus M.
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: D31 Personal Income, Wealth, and Their Distributions
subject: I31 General Welfare
subject: J31 Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
subject: Wages
subject: working poor
subject: Income inequality
subject: poverty
subject: SOEP

description: Die Bruttostundenlöhne von abhängig Beschäftigten sind im Zeitraum 1995 bis 2021 inflationsbereinigt durchschnittlich um 16,5 Prozent gewachsen, unter den Vollzeitbeschäftigten sogar um 25 Prozent. Insbesondere bei den niedrigsten Löhnen gibt es seit 2013 starke Zuwächse, vor allem aufgrund der Einführung des Mindestlohns 2015 und dessen Erhöhungen in den folgenden Jahren. Im Ergebnis ist der Niedriglohnsektor von einem Höchststand von 23,5 Prozent im Jahr 2007 auf zuletzt 15,2 Prozent im Oktober 2022 geschrumpft. Die positive Lohnentwicklung wirkt sich auch auf die Haushaltsnettoeinkommen aus. Diese sind zwischen 1995 und 2020 inflationsbereinigt im Schnitt um 33 Prozent gestiegen. Gleichzeitig hat die Spreizung der Einkommen insgesamt zugenommen. Während die zehn Prozent der niedrigsten Einkommen nur um vier Prozent gestiegen sind, haben die obersten zehn Prozent eine Steigerung von 50 Prozent erzielt. Im Ergebnis ist die Ungleichheit der Haushaltsnettoeinkommen gemessen am Gini-Koeffizienten von 0,25 im Jahr 1999 auf 0,3 gewachsen. Will man die Ursachen der langfristig zugenommenen Ungleichheit der Haushaltsnettoeinkommen bekämpfen, bedarf es unter anderem einer verbesserten Integration von Zugewanderten in den Arbeitsmarkt und einer gezielteren Qualifizierung junger Erwachsener ohne beruflichen Bildungsabschluss.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 5, S. 67-76
Coherent transport in multi-branch circuits
Creators: name: Ziletti, A.
name: Borgonovi, F.
name: Celardo, G. L.
name: Izrailev, F. M.
name: Kaplan, L.
name: Zelevinsky, V. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multi-branch quantum circuit is considered from the viewpoint of coherent electron or wave transport. Starting with the closed system, we give analytical conditions for the appearance of two isolated localized states out of the energy band. In the open system, using the method of the effective non-Hermitian Hamiltonian, we study signal transmission through such a circuit. The super-radiant transition occurs when the average level width becomes comparable to the mean level spacing. We consider also the case with on-site disorder and find an analytical estimate, confirmed by numerical data, for the robustness of the isolated states and their role in transport processes.
description: Phys. Rev. B 85, 052201 (2012). 5 pages
title: Energiewende in Deutschland und Frankreich mit Unterschieden und Gemeinsamkeiten: Interview
Creators: name: Guéret, Adeline
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 4, S. 62
title: Energiewende in Frankreich: Ausbau Erneuerbarer stockt, gute Fortschritte bei Wärmepumpen
Creators: name: Guéret, Adeline
name: Schill, Wolf-Peter
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Q40 Energy: General
subject: Q42 Alternative Energy Sources
subject: Q48 Energy: Government Policy
subject: France
subject: energy policy
subject: energy transition

description: Wie für Deutschland stellt die Energiewende auch für Frankreich eine große Herausforderung dar. Dieser Bericht gibt einen Überblick über die kurz- und langfristigen Ziele sowie die derzeitigen Entwicklungen und Trends der Energie- und Klimapolitik in Frankreich. Es zeigt sich, dass die Treibhausgasemissionen derzeit weitgehend auf dem Zielpfad liegen. Auch die Installation von Wärmepumpen kommt gut voran. Der Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien bleibt dagegen hinter den Zielen zurück. Unterschiede in der Energiepolitik zwischen Frankreich und Deutschland werden vor allem im Stromsektor deutlich: Hier setzt Frankreich auf Atomkraft, Deutschland dagegen stark auf erneuerbare Energien. Um die französischen Klimaziele abzusichern, sollten die erneuerbaren Energien auch in Frankreich schneller ausgebaut werden. Eine Herausforderung für beide Länder stellt die angestrebte Elektrifizierung von Mobilität und Raumwärme dar.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 4, S. 51-61
Recommendations when Designing to Address Procrastination: A Psychological Perspective
Creators: name: Andreae, Helen
name: Durrant, Abigail
name: Kyffin, Steven
Publisher: name: Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120302 Design Innovation
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 120304 Digital and Interaction Design
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Procrastination is a common behaviour that psychologists have found to have many negative consequences for both the individual and society. Standard psychological methods for addressing procrastination require significant time and effort, and consequently suffer a lack of adherence. This paper synthesises relevant psychological research to identify possible approaches designers could take in order to offer immediate aid to procrastinators. We suggest that an understanding of the psychological mechanisms underlying procrastination may inform and guide designers in creating interventions that shift some of the effort associated with undertaking tasks from the individual to the designed environment. In the paper, we draw on different psychological perspectives and strategies, highlighting how this information may be relevant and applicable for designers who aim to address and reduce procrastination behaviour through designed interventions.
Scalar curvature of systems with fractal distribution functions
Creators: name: Ubriaco, Marcelo R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting with the relative entropy for two close statistical states we define the metric and calculate the scalar curvature $R$ for systems with classical, boson and fermion fractal distribution functions with moment order parameter $q$. In particular, we find that for $q\neq 1$ the scalar curvature is closer to zero implying that the fractal bosonic and fermionic systems are more stable than the standard ones.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, some typos were corrected, the Conclusions section was expanded
Changing dental images from stone tablets to comic strips
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: Dentistry in literature
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Irwin Mandel describes the changing perceptions of teeth and dentistry, and the changing role of dentists and their antecedents, over the ages, and suggests the implications of this history for the future.
title: Viele Unternehmen belassen es offenbar erstmal bei einer Frau im Vorstand: Interview
Creators: name: Sondergeld, Virginia
name: Wittenberg, Erich
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024

description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 3, S. 44
Scalar Field Theory on a Causal Set in Histories Form
Creators: name: Sorkin, Rafael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We recast into histories-based form a quantum field theory defined earlier in operator language for a free scalar field on a background causal set. The resulting decoherence-functional resembles that of the continuum theory. The counterpart of the d'Alembertian operator is nonlocal and is a generalized inverse of the discrete retarded Green function. We comment on the significance of this and we also suggest how to include interactions.
description: plainTeX, 25 pages, no figures. One paragraph added, other small changes. Most current version is available at http://www.perimeterinstitute.ca/personal/rsorkin/some.papers/142.causet.dcf.pdf (or wherever my home-page may be, such as http://www.physics.syr.edu/~sorkin/some.papers/)
title: Gender Pay Gap in einem Betrieb sinkt mit mehr Frauen in Führungspositionen
Creators: name: Sondergeld, Virginia
name: Wrohlich, Katharina
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: D22 Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
subject: J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J59 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other
subject: J78 Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
subject: L21 Business Objectives of the Firm
subject: L32 Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
subject: M14 Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
subject: M51 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
subject: women directors
subject: executive directors
subject: women in management
subject: gender equality
subject: gender pay gap
subject: gender wage gap
subject: gender quota
subject: linked employer-employee data
subject: panel estimation

description: Frauen sind in hohen Führungspositionen privatwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen in Deutschland nach wie vor unterrepräsentiert. In den vergangenen Jahren hat die Politik mehrfach Maßnahmen ergriffen, um den Frauenanteil in Führungspositionen zu erhöhen. Hat ein Betrieb mehr Frauen im Management, kann das positive Wirkungen auf alle Frauen in diesem Betrieb entfalten. Wie die empirischen Analysen in diesem Bericht auf Basis von Linked-Employer-Employee-Daten des Instituts für Arbeitsmarkt- und Berufsforschung (IAB) zeigen, senkt ein höherer Frauenanteil auf der ersten und zweiten Führungsebene den betriebsspezifischen Gender Pay Gap. Statistisch signifikante Effekte durch den Frauenanteil auf der obersten Führungsebene sind allerdings erst ab einem Drittel zu beobachten – derzeit liegt der Frauenanteil dort im Durchschnitt noch deutlich niedriger. Die Unternehmen sollten also ihre Bemühungen, mehr Frauen in hohe Führungspositionen zu befördern, fortsetzen. Dies könnte die ökonomische Ungleichheit zwischen Frauen und Männern auf allen Hierarchieebenen eines Betriebs vermindern.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 3, S. 38-43
Dynamical phase interferometry of cold atoms in optical lattices
Creators: name: London, Uri
name: Gat, Omri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the propagation of cold-atom wave packets in an interferometer with a Mach-Zehnder topology based on the dynamical phase of Bloch oscillation in a weakly forced optical lattice with a narrow potential barrier that functions as a cold-atom wave packet splitter. We calculate analytically the atomic wave function, and show that the expected number of atoms in the two outputs of the interferometer oscillates rapidly as a function of the angle between the potential barrier and the forcing direction with period proportional to the external potential difference across a lattice spacing divided by the lattice band energy scale. The interferometer can be used as a high precision force probe whose principle of operation is different from current interferometers based on the overall position of Bloch oscillating wave packets.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
The inner wind of IRC+10216 revisited: New exotic chemistry and diagnostic for dust condensation in carbon stars
Creators: name: Cherchneff, Isabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We model the chemistry of the inner wind of the carbon star IRC+10216 and consider the effect of periodic shocks induced by the stellar pulsation on the gas to follow the non-equilibrium chemistry in the shocked gas layers. We consider a very complete set of chemical families, including hydrocarbons and aromatics, hydrides, halogens and phosphorous-bearing species. Derived abundances are compared to the latest observational data from large surveys and Herschel. Results. The shocks induce a non-equilibrium chemistry in the dust formation zone of IRC+10216 where the collision destruction of CO in the post-shock gas triggers the formation of O-bearing species (H2O, SiO). Most of the modelled abundances agree very well with the latest values derived from Herschel data on IRC+10216. Hydrides form a family of abundant species that are expelled into the intermediate envelope. In particular, HF traps all the atomic fluorine in the dust formation zone. Halogens are also abundant and their chemistry is independent of the C/O ratio of the star. Therefore, HCl and other Cl-bearing species should also be present in the inner wind of O-rich AGB or supergiant stars. We identify a specific region ranging from 2.5 R* to 4 R*, where polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons form and grow. The estimated carbon dust-to-gas mass ratio derived from the mass of aromatics ranges from 1.2 x 10^(-3) to 5.8 x 10^{-3} and agrees well with existing observational values. The aromatic formation region is located outside hot layers where SiC2 is produced as a bi-product of silicon carbide dust synthesis. Finally, we predict that some molecular lines will show flux variation with pulsation phase and time (e.g., H2O) while other species will not (e.g., CO). These variations merely reflect the non-equilibrium chemistry that destroys and reforms molecules over a pulsation period in the shocked gas of the dust formation zone.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title: Frauenanteil in Vorständen großer Unternehmen gestiegen, meist bleibt es aber bei höchstens einer Frau
Creators: name: Sondergeld, Virginia
name: Wrohlich, Katharina
name: Kirsch, Anja
Publisher: name: DIW - Deutsches Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: D22 Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
subject: J16 Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
subject: J59 Labor-Management Relations, Trade Unions, and Collective Bargaining: Other
subject: J78 Labor Discrimination: Public Policy
subject: L21 Business Objectives of the Firm
subject: L32 Public Enterprises; Public-Private Enterprises
subject: M14 Corporate Culture; Social Responsibility
subject: M51 Personnel Economics: Firm Employment Decisions; Promotions
subject: corporate boards
subject: board composition
subject: boards of directors
subject: board diversity
subject: Europe
subject: women directors
subject: executive directors
subject: gender equality
subject: gender quota
subject: Germany
subject: management
subject: private companies
subject: public companies
subject: supervisory boards
subject: executive boards
subject: CEOs
subject: women
subject: finance industry
subject: financial sector
subject: private and public banks
subject: insurance companies

description: Die Zahl der Vorständinnen ist in großen Unternehmen in Deutschland im vergangenen Jahr erneut gestiegen: In den 200 umsatzstärksten Unternehmen waren im Spätherbst 2023 rund 18 Prozent (153 von 875) aller Vorstandsmitglieder Frauen, etwa zwei Prozentpunkte mehr als im Jahr zuvor. Damit hat die Dynamik wieder leicht zugenommen. In manchen der untersuchten Unternehmensgruppen lag der Wert sogar höher, beispielsweise bei den DAX-40-Unternehmen mit 23 Prozent. Die größten Banken und Versicherungen, die in den vergangenen Jahren deutlich hinter den übrigen Unternehmen der Privatwirtschaft und den Unternehmen mit Bundesbeteiligung lagen, konnten etwas aufholen. Die Entwicklung geht vielerorts darauf zurück, dass Unternehmen erstmals eine Frau in den Vorstand berufen haben. Darüber hinaus tut sich (noch?) nicht viel. Zudem ist die Zahl der Frauen, die einen Vorstandsvorsitz innehaben, in vielen Unternehmensgruppen gesunken. Mehr Engagement sowohl innerhalb (etwa durch den Aufsichtsrat) als auch außerhalb der Unternehmen (etwa durch Investor*innen) ist nötig, um Geschlechterparität in hohen Führungspositionen zu erreichen.
description: DIW Wochenbericht, 91 (2024), 3, S. 26-36
title: Gérard Dagly
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Gérard Dagly as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's
Seventeenth century denigration of Tagliacozzi
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1979
Subjects: Medicine
History
Surgery, Plastic

description: Bard Cosman argues that the denigration of Gaspare Tagliacozzi in the seventeenth century, and the subsequent reaction to this denigration, led to a kind of blindness about a valuable technique of flap surgery.
title: Teodoro Damaideno
title: An entry in the LCA Online Dictionary of Leibniz’s Correspondents and Acquaintances
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Tba)
Publisher: name: LCA Project
Year: 2018

description: Teodoro Damaideno as a personal relation of Leibniz’s: The resource presents biographical information on a correspondent of Leibniz's