cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hemicellulases and auxiliary enzymes for improved conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to monosaccharides
Creators: name: Gao, Dahai
name: Uppugundla, Nirmal
name: Chundawat, Shishir P. S.
name: Yu, Xiurong
name: Hermanson, Spencer
name: Gowda, Krishne
name: Brumm, Phillip
name: Mead, David
name: Dale, Bruce E.
name: Balan, Venkatesh
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Enzymatic-hydrolysis
Corn stover
Technologies
Pretreatment
AFEX
Cellulose
Ethanol
Systems

description: Background High enzyme loading is a major economic bottleneck for the commercial processing of pretreated lignocellulosic biomass to produce fermentable sugars. Optimizing the enzyme cocktail for specific types of pretreated biomass allows for a significant reduction in enzyme loading without sacrificing hydrolysis yield. This is especially important for alkaline pretreatments such as Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreated corn stover. Hence, a diverse set of hemicellulases supplemented along with cellulases is necessary for high recovery of monosaccharides. Results The core fungal cellulases in the optimal cocktail include cellobiohydrolase I [CBH I; glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 7A], cellobiohydrolase II (CBH II; GH family 6A), endoglucanase I (EG I; GH family 7B) and β-glucosidase (βG; GH family 3). Hemicellulases tested along with the core cellulases include xylanases (LX1, GH family 10; LX2, GH family 10; LX3, GH family 10; LX4, GH family 11; LX5, GH family 10; LX6, GH family 10), β-xylosidase (LβX; GH family 52), α-arabinofuranosidase (LArb, GH family 51) and α-glucuronidase (LαGl, GH family 67) that were cloned, expressed and/or purified from different bacterial sources. Different combinations of these enzymes were tested using a high-throughput microplate based 24 h hydrolysis assay. Both family 10 (LX3) and family 11 (LX4) xylanases were found to most efficiently hydrolyze AFEX pretreated corn stover in a synergistic manner. The optimal mass ratio of xylanases (LX3 and LX4) to cellulases (CBH I, CBH II and EG I) is 25:75. LβX (0.6 mg/g glucan) is crucial to obtaining monomeric xylose (54% xylose yield), while LArb (0.6 mg/g glucan) and LαGl (0.8 mg/g glucan) can both further increase xylose yield by an additional 20%. Compared with Accellerase 1000, a purified cocktail of cellulases supplemented with accessory hemicellulases will not only increase both glucose and xylose yields but will also decrease the total enzyme loading needed for equivalent yields. Conclusions A diverse set of accessory hemicellulases was found necessary to enhance the synergistic action of cellulases hydrolysing AFEX pretreated corn stover. High glucose (around 80%) and xylose (around 70%) yields were achieved with a moderate enzyme loading (~20 mg protein/g glucan) using an in-house developed cocktail compared to commercial enzymes.
Variability in oceanographic barriers to coral larval dispersal: do currents shape biodiversity?
Creators: name: Thompson, Diane M.
name: Kleypas, Joan A.
name: Castruccio, Frederic S.
name: Curchitser, Enrique N.
name: Pinsky, Malin L.
name: Watson, James R.
name: Jönsson, B.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Coral reefs
Larval dispersal
Connectivity
High-resolution modeling
Coral Triangle

description: The global center of marine biodiversity is located in the western tropical Pacific in a region known as the “Coral Triangle” (CT). This region is also considered the most threatened of all coral reef regions, because of multiple impacts, including rising temperatures and coral bleaching that have already caused high mortality of reef corals over large portions of the CT. Larval dispersal and recruitment play a critical role in reef recovery after such disturbances, but our understanding of reproductive connectivity between reefs is limited by a paucity of observations. Oceanographic modeling can provide an economical and efficient way to augment our understanding of reef connectivity, particularly over an area as large as the CT, and one where marine ecosystem management has become a priority. This work combines daily averaged surface current velocity and direction from a Regional Ocean Modeling System developed for the CT region (CT-ROMS) with a Lagrangian particle tracking tool (TRACMASS) to investigate the probability of larval transport between reefs for a typical broadcasting coral. A 47-year historical simulation (1960–2006) was used to analyze the potential connectivity, the physical drivers of larval transport, and its variability following bi-annual spawning events in April and September. Potential connectivity between reefs was highly variable from year to year, emphasizing the need for long simulations. The results suggest that although reefs in this region are highly self-seeded, comparatively rare long-distance dispersal events may play a vital role in shaping regional patterns of reef biodiversity and recovery following disturbance. The spatial pattern of coral “subpopulations,” which are based on the potential connectivity between reefs, agrees with observed regional-scale patterns of biodiversity, suggesting that the physical barriers to larval dispersal are a first-order driver of coral biodiversity. These physical barriers persist through the 21st Century when the model is forced with the Community Earth System Model (CESM) RCP8.5 climate scenario, despite some regional changes in connectivity between reefs.
Supplemental feeding solutions do not improve honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) foraging on cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon)
Creators: name: Lois, Abby N.
name: Jaffe, Benjamin
name: Guédot, Christelle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Most cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) growers rent honey bees (Apis spp.) to insure proper pollination of their crop. However, honey bees are not the most efficient pollinators of cranberry and there have been increasing efforts to improve the pollination services provided by honey bees. Cranberry flowers provide small amounts of nectar and this research project tested whether supplementing hives with various sugar sources could increase the amount of cranberry pollen foraged. High fructose corn syrup, honey, and sucrose did not increase the amount of cranberry pollen, or the percent of cranberry pollen, foraged and returned to the hive. However, overall weights of the pollen samples were significantly higher for hives treated with high fructose corn syrup and sucrose compared to hives supplied with honey, water, or no additional solutions. Although not explicitly tested in this study, these results suggest that honey bees are incorporating these carbohydrates into their pollen bundles. However, since the supplemental sugar feedings did not increase the amount, or percentage, of cranberry pollen grains foraged, there is limited evidence that supplemental sugar feedings will improve honey bee pollination services in cranberry. Future work in this area should examine the relationships between pollen quality and supplemental sugar feedings, as these feeding may improve hive health in crops with poorer quality floral resources.
Bounded locking for optimistic concurrency control
Creators: name: Phatak, Shirish
name: Badrinath, B. R.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1996

description: Optimistic methods of concurrency control are gaining popularity. This is especially true with the resurgence of mobile and distributed databases, which inherently rely on optimistic techniques to improve availability and performance of the database system. A key problem with optimistic techniques is that they do not perform well in highly conflict prone environments. Pessimistic techniques, especially locking, perform much better under these circumstances. In this paper we explore a hybrid technique that provides locking for high conflict data items and optimistic access for the rest. While hybrid techniques have been proposed in earlier literature, our technique is unique in that it is self tuning and does not require the transaction manager, the transaction or the user to incorporate any additional knowledge or to specify which data items or transactions are optimistic. Rather, the system uses an LRU data structure called lock buffer to maintain an optimal level of locks in the system. This data structure enhances the performance of the basic optimistic model by automatically providing locking for highly conflict prone data. A unique feature of our algorithm is that locks may be evicted from the lock buffer in an LRU fashion, if the number of data items for which locks are requested exceeds the size of the lock buffer. All transactions affected by such an eviction of locks automatically “become” optimistic with respect to the evicted data items.
Temperature-dependent development and survival of small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)
Creators: name: Noor-Ul-Ane, Muhammad
name: Chuleui Jung
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: The small hive beetle (SHB) Aethina tumida Murray, (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) is an invasive pest of honey bees recently found in Korea. We investigated the influence of temperature on the development and survival of immature SHBs. The beetle’s immature stages were exposed to different constant temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 37 and 39 °C) under stable and continuous dark conditions and a relative humidity of 75 ± 5%. All immature stages successfully developed to the next stage at the temperature range from 15 to 39 °C, except for the egg at 15 °C and wandering larvae and pupae, which suffered 100% mortalities at 39 °C. Total immature developmental period at 18.6 and 35 °C ranged from 53.9 days to 20, respectively. Lower developmental thresholds were determined according to a linear model as 16.0, 11.6, 9.6, 12.6, and 11.8 °C for eggs, feeding larvae, wandering larvae, pupae and total immatures, respectively. Among the non-linear models, Analytis-3/Briere-1 was selected as the best to describe the temperature-dependent developmental rate of all immature stages of SHBs based on Akaike information criterion corrected (AICc) values and biological adequacy. According to this model, optimum and high developmental threshold temperatures for eggs, feeding larvae, wandering larvae, pupae and total immatures were 39.1, 36.5, 33.2, 35.5, and 34.8 °C and 46.5, 44, 40.4, 42.5 and 41.5 °C, respectively. According to the polynomial regression model, maximum survival was estimated at temperatures of 28.2, 28.7, 26.7 and 26.5 °C, of eggs, feeding larvae, wandering larvae and pupae, respectively. This study can be used to predict the potential distribution of SHB in non-native locations.
Observer Design for Nonlinear Systems with Equivariance
Creators: name: Mahony, Robert
name: van Goor, Pieter
name: Hamel, Tarek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Equivariance is a common and natural property of many nonlinear control systems, especially those associated with models of mechatronic and navigation systems. Such systems admit a symmetry, associated with the equivariance, that provides structure enabling the design of robust and high performance observers. A key insight is to pose the observer state to lie in the symmetry group rather than on the system state space. This allows one to define a globally defined intrinsic equivariant error but poses a challenge in defining internal dynamics for the observer. By choosing an equivariant lift of the system dynamics for the observer internal model we show that the error dynamics have a particularly nice form. Applying the methodology of Extended Kalman Filtering (EKF) to the equivariant error state yields the Equivariant Filter (EqF). The geometry of the state-space manifold appears naturally as a curvature modification to the classical EKF Riccati equation. The equivariant filter exploits the symmetry and respects the geometry of an equivariant system model and yields high performance robust filters for a wide range of mechatronic and navigation systems.
IFLA satellite pre-conference: open access to science information: trends, models and strategies for libraries
Creators: name: Mullen, Laura Bowering
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2010
Subjects: STEM library conferences
Science and technology libraries
Chania, Crete, Greece
International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions
Open Access

description: The purpose of this paper is to disseminate information about the IFLA pre-conference in Chania, Crete, Greece on the subject of open access in libraries.
Authentication of the botanical and geographic origin of Egyptian honey using pollen analysis methods
Creators: name: Attia El-Sofany
name: Naggar, Yahya Al
name: Elsaied Naiem
name: Giesy, John P.
name: Seif, Amal
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: In the honey market, botanical and geographical mis-labeling has become common. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use pollen analyses to authenticate the botanical origin and labeling of seven kinds of Egyptian honey and to identify sources of pollen used by honey bees in Egypt. Honeys are labeled, based on sources of pollen, which are usually provided by Egyptian beekeepers are classified as; clover, sidr, citrus, banana, cotton, Brazilian peppertree, and sunflower honey. During 2016–2017, absolute and relative numbers of pollen types were collected synchronously from apiaries and recta of worker bees from which samples of honey were also collected. Pollen from 20 plant taxa, belonging to 14 families was observed. Results of pollen analysis confirmed identities of sources of honey and nectar, as indicated and labeled during collection for all honeys except cotton, sunflower, and Brazilian pepper honeys, where, the predominant types of pollen identified in honey and recta of bees were: Zea mays (69%) in cotton honey, Cucurbitaceae (79%) in sunflower honey, and Eucalyptus sp. (52%) in Brazilian pepper honey. These data suggest that these honey should be re-classification (labeling) as Zea mays, cucurbits, and Eucalyptus honey instead of cotton, sunflower, and Brazilian pepper honey, respectively. Most of the honeys screened contained pollen grains (PGs) of Echium sp. and Trifolium alexandrinum, which indicated their wide geographical distributions in Egypt. Quantitative data of PGs per 10 g of honey indicated unequal geographical distributions of appropriate plants for use by bees in Egypt.
A Mirror for Mankind: The Pose of Hamlet with the Skull of Yorick
Creators: name: Triggs, Jeffery A.
Publisher: name: Loyola University (New Orleans, La.)
Year: 1990
Subjects: Vanitas (Art)
Symbolism
Translation
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet
Dekker, Thomas, approximately 1572-1632
Cavarozzi, Bartolomeo, approximately 1590-1625
Ribera, Jusepe de, 1591-1652
La Tour, Georges du Mesnil de, 1593-1652
Titian, approximately 1488-1576
Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, 1606-1669
Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973
Eliot, T. S. (Thomas Stearns), 1888-1965
Seferis, George, 1900-1971
Strauss, Richard, 1864-1949
Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 1874-1929

description: This essay proposes to discuss what I shall call the pose of Hamlet with the skull of Yorick as a motif of special significance in poetry and art. My sense of “motif” here is similar to what George Steiner has called a “topology of culture.” Drawing metaphorically on “the branch of mathematics which deals with those relations between points and those fundamental properties of a figure which re- main invariant when that figure is bent out of shape,” Steiner argues that there are also such “invariants and constants underlying the manifold shapes of expression in our culture.” This notion of cultural topologies grows out of Steiner’s sense that culture is to a large degree “the translation and rewording of previous mean- ing”(415). The motif of the pose of Hamlet involves in its different manifestations all three of Roman Jakobson’s categories of translation: intralingual, interlingual, and especially intersemiotic.
Linear Fractional Transformation modeling of multibody dynamics around parameter-dependent equilibrium
Creators: name: Kassarian, Ervan
name: Sanfedino, Francesco
name: Alazard, Daniel
name: Chevrier, Charles-Antoine
name: Montel, Johan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper proposes a new Linear Fractional Transformation (LFT) modeling approach for uncertain Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) multibody systems with parameter-dependent equilibrium. Traditional multibody approaches, which consist in building the nonlinear model of the whole structure and linearizing it around equilibrium after a numerical trimming, do not allow to isolate parametric variations with the LFT form. Although additional techniques, such as polynomial fitting or symbolic linearization, can provide an LFT model, they may be time-consuming or miss worst-case configurations. The proposed approach relies on the trimming and linearization of the equations at the substructure level, before assembly of the multibody structure, which allows to only perform operations that preserve the LFT form throughout the linearization process. Since the physical origin of the parameters is retained, the linearized LFT-LPV model of the structure exactly covers all plants, in a single parametric model, without introducing conservatism or fitting errors. An application to the LFT-LPV modeling of a robotic arm is proposed; in its nominal configuration, the model obtained with the proposed approach matches the model provided by the software Simscape Multibody, but it is enhanced with parametric variations with the LFT form; a robust LPV synthesis is performed using Matlab robust control toolbox to illustrate the capacity of the proposed approach for control design.
Diversity of pollen sources used by managed honey bees in variegated landscapes
Creators: name: Annalie Melin
name: Colville, Jonathan F
name: Duckworth, Gregory D
name: Altwegg, Res
name: Slabbert, Ruhan
name: Midgley, Jeremy J
name: Rouget, Mathieu
name: Donaldson, John S
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Honey bees are the most economically important crop pollinator worldwide. They depend on a diversity of pollen for reproduction and colony growth. However, the influence of landscape composition on diversity and quantity of pollen collection by honey bees remains largely unexplored, particularly in variegated landscapes. Pollen on honey bees was trapped from 41 hives across ten sites in the Western Cape, South Africa during summer. Sampled hives were near eucalyptus trees surrounded by a high percentage of natural vegetation. Hives could therefore potentially be presented with a diverse range of flowers. To obtain a measure of relative abundance and representation of plant taxa pollen samples were collected at hives, sorted by color, weighed and DNA barcoded. Landscape analysis was performed to estimate the relative availability of the main floral resource-types and how this influenced the composition of pollen collected. Overall, eucalyptus made up the largest portion (∼49%) of pollen loads, the remainder was composed of 31 other taxa (12% native and 39% alien plants). An increase in the area of eucalyptus resulted in an increased as well as the relative amount of eucalyptus and natural pollen collected. Conversely, an increase in the area of eucalyptus resulted in a decrease in alien plant pollen and vice versa. Our results provide important quantitative evidence that shows the amount and diversity of pollen used by honey bees in summer appears to be disproportionately met by human-modified landscapes; whereas, natural vegetation, despite its large extent and diversity, performs a lower-level role during this season.
Being-and-becoming a sustainable practice
Creators: name: Coddington, Alicen
name: Ayers, James
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This paper reports on the case of the Engineering Practice Academy, where an emergent transformational change process was designed and implemented to not only re-conceptualise engineering education but further transition the Engineering Practice Academy towards being-and-becoming a sustainable engineering practice. This paper presents a framework, grounded in the everyday social reality of the Engineering Practice Academy community and framed through a Theory of Change methodology. The Engineering Practice Academy utilised the strategic framework presented within this paper to guide its decision-making processes. This paper articulates both the framework developed and conceptualises why a framework designed to create a sustainable practice was utilised. The value of this paper lies in the communication the method used for transformational change, one of inclusion, collaboration and community of practice, used by the Engineering Practice Academy to create a distinct pathway by which to reach its goals and become a sustainable practice in line with shifting engineering and educational requirements.
Least absolute deviation estimates in autoregression with infinite variance
Creators: name: Gross, S.
name: Steiger, William L.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 1979
Subjects: Least absolute deviation
Autoregression
Infinite variance

description: We consider an L_1 analogue of the least squares estimate or for the parameters of stationary, finite order auto regressions. This estimator, the least absolute deviation (LAD), is shown to be strongly consistent via a result that may have independent interest. The striking feature is that the conditions are so mild as to include processes with infinite variance, notably the stationary, finite auto regressions driven by stable increments in L_alpha, alpha>l. Finally sampling properties of LAD are compared to those of least squares. Together with a known convergence rate result for least squares, the Monte-Carlo study provides evidence for a conjecture on the convergence rate of LAD.
Academic Librarianship and the Future
Creators: name: Jantz, Ronald C.
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Academic librarianship
Future

description: At first glance, the ten articles in this virtual special issue of the New Review of Academic Librarianship appear to address an eclectic mix of topics. However, there is an underlying and unifying theme – the future of academic librarianship and the role of the librarian and the library in the institution. Many academic library directors have cited the urgent need for the transformation of the library to meet the information needs of the 21st century University. These ten articles, taken as whole, portray a library that is undergoing change and demonstrate the work of scholars whose research is driving change in their institutions.
One-Dimensional Luttinger Liquids in a Two-Dimensional Moiré Lattice
Creators: name: Wang, Pengjie
name: Yu, Guo
name: Kwan, Yves H.
name: Jia, Yanyu
name: Lei, Shiming
name: Klemenz, Sebastian
name: Cevallos, F. Alexandre
name: Singha, Ratnadwip
name: Devakul, Trithep
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Sondhi, Shivaji L.
name: Cava, Robert J.
name: Schoop, Leslie M.
name: Parameswaran, Siddharth A.
name: Wu, Sanfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Luttinger liquid (LL) model of one-dimensional (1D) electronic systems provides a powerful tool for understanding strongly correlated physics including phenomena such as spin-charge separation. Substantial theoretical efforts have attempted to extend the LL phenomenology to two dimensions (2D), especially in models of closely packed arrays of 1D quantum wires, each being described as a LL. Such coupled-wire models have been successfully used to construct 2D anisotropic non-Fermi liquids, quantum Hall states, topological phases, and quantum spin liquids. However, an experimental demonstration of high-quality arrays of 1D LLs suitable for realizing these models remains absent. Here we report the experimental realization of 2D arrays of 1D LLs with crystalline quality in a moiré superlattice made of twisted bilayer tungsten ditelluride (tWTe$_{2}$). Originating from the anisotropic lattice of the monolayer, the moiré pattern of tWTe$_{2}$ hosts identical, parallel 1D electronic channels, separated by a fixed nanoscale distance, which is tunable by the interlayer twist angle. At a twist angle of ~ 5 degrees, we find that hole-doped tWTe$_{2}$ exhibits exceptionally large transport anisotropy with a resistance ratio of ~ 1000 between two orthogonal in-plane directions. The across-wire conductance exhibits power-law scaling behaviors, consistent with the formation of a 2D anisotropic phase that resembles an array of LLs. Our results open the door for realizing a variety of correlated and topological quantum phases based on coupled-wire models and LL physics.
description: 29 pages, 4 Main Figures + 13 Extended Data Figures
Microglial Implications in SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 : Lessons From Viral RNA Neurotropism and Possible Relevance to Parkinson’s Disease
Creators: name: Awogbindin, Ifeoluwa O.
name: Ben-Azu, Benneth
name: Olusola, Babatunde A.
name: Akinluyi, Elizabeth T.
name: Adeniyi, Philip A.
name: Di Paolo, Therese
name: Tremblay, Marie-Ève (Neuroscientist)
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media
Year: 2021

description: Since December 2019, humankind has been experiencing a ravaging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak, the second coronavirus pandemic in a decade after the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) disease in 2012. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 results in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is responsible for over 3.1 million deaths worldwide. With the emergence of a second and a third wave of infection across the globe, and the rising record of multiple reinfections and relapses, SARS-CoV-2 infection shows no sign of abating. In addition, it is now evident that SARS-CoV-2 infection presents with neurological symptoms that include early hyposmia, ischemic stroke, meningitis, delirium and falls, even after viral clearance. This may suggest chronic or permanent changes to the neurons, glial cells, and/or brain vasculature in response to SARSCoV-2 infection or COVID-19. Within the central nervous system (CNS), microglia act as the central housekeepers against altered homeostatic states, including during viral neurotropic infections. In this review, we highlight microglial responses to viral neuroinfections, especially those with a similar genetic composition and route of entry as SARS-CoV-2. As the primary sensor of viral infection in the CNS, we describe the pathogenic and neuroinvasive mechanisms of RNA viruses and SARS-CoV-2 vis-à-vis the microglial means of viral recognition. Responses of microglia which may culminate in viral clearance or immunopathology are also covered. Lastly, we further discuss the implication of SARS-CoV-2 CNS invasion on microglial plasticity and associated long-term neurodegeneration. As such, this review provides insight into some of the mechanisms by which microglia could contribute to the pathophysiology of postCOVID-19 neurological sequelae and disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, which could be pervasive in the coming years given the growing numbers of infected and re-infected individuals globally.
Site-dependent properties of quantum emitters in nanostructured silicon carbide
Creators: name: Joshi, Tamanna
name: Dev, Pratibha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep defects in silicon carbide (SiC) possess atom-like electronic, spin and optical properties, making them ideal for quantum-computing and -sensing applications. In these applications, deep defects are often placed within fabricated nanostructures that modify defect properties due to surface and quantum confinement effects. Thus far, theoretical studies exploring deep defects in SiC have ignored these effects. Using density functional theory, this work demonstrates site-dependence of properties of bright, negatively-charged silicon monovacancies within a SiC nanowire. It is shown that the optical properties of defects depend strongly on the hybridization of the defect states with the surface states and on the structural changes allowed by proximity to the surfaces. Additionally, the analysis of the first principles results indicates that the charge-state conversion and/or migration to thermodynamically-favorable undercoordinated surface sites can deteriorate deep-defect properties. These results illustrate the importance of considering how finite-size effects tune defect properties, and of creating mitigating protocols to ensure a defect's charge-state stability within nanostructured hosts.
The influence of storage conditions on invertase, glucose oxidase activity and free acidity of bee bread and bee-collected pollen mixed with honey and vegetable oils
Creators: name: Čeksterytė, Violeta
name: Bogumila Kurtinaitienė
name: Jaškūnė, Kristina
name: Kretavičius, Justinas
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The aim of this study was to develop mixtures of bee bread and pollen with linseed oil, sea buckthorn oil, royal jelly, and algae Spirulina (Spirulina platesnis) and to determine the impact of vegetable oils on invertase and glucose oxidase activity, free acidity and the influence of storage conditions on enzyme activity in the tested products. The influence of storage conditions and duration was determined by evaluating the correlation between invertase and free acidity in the bee products of known botanical origin supplemented with the tested additives. The influence of additives on the bioactive properties was tested in 14 combinations of mixtures and in pure bee bread and pollen. The highest relationship between free acidity and invertase activity (r = − 0.619) was determined for bee bread samples with additives stored at room conditions. According to the data of paired regression between free acidity and invertase activity, the correlation coefficient was (r = −0.747) for pure bee bread stored at +4–5 °C and for that stored at room conditions (r = −0.972).
Unitary Selective Coupled-Cluster Method
Creators: name: Fedorov, Dmitry A.
name: Alexeev, Yuri
name: Gray, Stephen K.
name: Otten, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulating molecules using the Variational Quantum Eigensolver method is one of the promising applications for NISQ-era quantum computers. Designing an efficient ansatz to represent the electronic wave function is crucial in such simulations. Standard unitary coupled-cluster with singles and doubles (UCCSD) ansatz tends to have a large number of insignificant terms that do not lower the energy of the system. In this work, we present a unitary selective coupled-cluster method, a way to construct a unitary coupled-cluster ansatz iteratively using a selection procedure with excitations up to fourth order. This approach uses the electronic Hamiltonian matrix elements and the amplitudes for excitations already present in the ansatz to find the important excitations of higher order and to add them to the ansatz. The important feature of the method is that it systematically reduces the energy error with increasing ansatz size for a set of test molecules. The main advantage of the proposed method is that the effort to increase the ansatz does not require any additional measurements on a quantum computer.
Summer brood interruption as integrated management strategy for effective Varroa control in Europe
Creators: name: R. Büchler
name: A. Uzunov
name: M. Kovačić
name: J. Prešern
name: M. Pietropaoli
name: F. Hatjina
name: B. Pavlov
name: L. Charistos
name: G. Formato
name: E. Galarza
name: D. Gerula
name: A. Gregorc
name: V. Malagnini
name: M. D. Meixner
name: N. Nedić
name: Z. Puškadija
name: J. Rivera-Gomis
name: M. Rogelj Jenko
name: M. I. Smodiš Škerl
name: J. Vallon
name: D. Vojt
name: J. Wilde
name: A. Nanetti
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Most Varroa induced colony losses occur during the autumn or winter season as a consequence of an elevated Varroa infestation level and an insufficient health status of the adult bees. Even with an initial low Varroa infestation in early spring, critical mite and virus infection levels can be reached before winter if colonies continuously rear brood throughout the whole season. To overcome this challenge, beekeepers can artificially interrupt brood production by suitable management procedures, depending on their type of beekeeping operation. To assess their efficacy, associated workload, and impact on colony development, different methods for brood interruption (queen caging with the combination of oxalic acid treatment, total brood removal, trapping comb technique) were tested during two seasons in 11 locations on 370 colonies in 10 European countries. A protocol was developed to standardize the methods’ application across different environmental conditions. The efficacy of queen caging depended on the mode of oxalic acid application and ranged from 48.16% to 89.57% mite removal. The highest efficacies were achieved with trickling a 4.2% solution (89.57%) and with the sublimation of 2 g of oxalic acid (average of 88.25%) in the broodless period. The efficacy of the purely biotechnical, chemical-free trapping comb and brood removal methods did not differ significantly from the queen caging groups. We conclude that a proper application of one of the described brood interruption methods can significantly contribute to an efficient Varroa control and to the production of honey bee products meeting the highest quality and food-safety standards.
Fine-tuning wav2vec2 for speaker recognition
Creators: name: Vaessen, Nik
name: van Leeuwen, David A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper explores applying the wav2vec2 framework to speaker recognition instead of speech recognition. We study the effectiveness of the pre-trained weights on the speaker recognition task, and how to pool the wav2vec2 output sequence into a fixed-length speaker embedding. To adapt the framework to speaker recognition, we propose a single-utterance classification variant with CE or AAM softmax loss, and an utterance-pair classification variant with BCE loss. Our best performing variant, w2v2-aam, achieves a 1.88% EER on the extended voxceleb1 test set compared to 1.69% EER with an ECAPA-TDNN baseline. Code is available at https://github.com/nikvaessen/w2v2-speaker.
description: accepted to ICASSP 2022
Social class in transnational perspective: emotional responses to the status paradox among Ghanaian migrants
Creators: name: Coe, Cati
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Social class
Transnationalism
Emotion
Migration
Ghana

description: Migrants often experience a low-class status in the countries to which they migrate and a high one in their home country, because of their remittances. This paper takes that analysis further by examining the emotional reasons for return migration and retirement. Ghanaian migrants’ social class debasement in the United States through their work in home health care leads to strong emotions about their class status. They mitigate their humiliation through transnationalism, in which they direct their energy towards an alternative social field through house construction in Ghana. Through a house, they hope to gain social status, recoup their years of humiliation, and afford to retire. I analyze what these processes mean for the understanding of class projects within the context of a global capitalist system.
Effectiveness of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming in root canal models with different diameters or tapers
Creators: name: Wen, Cheng
name: Kong, Yuanyuan
name: Zhao, Jian
name: Li, Yang
name: Shen, Ya
name: Yang, Xuechao
name: Jiang, Qianzhou
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2021

description: Background This study aimed to compare the use of photon-initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) and conventional needle irrigation (CNI) in conjunction with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) to remove Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) suspended bacteria and biofilms from root canal systems with different diameters or tapers. Methods Artificial root canal samples (n = 480) were randomly divided into three groups (n = 160/group). The canals were prepared to fit file sizes #10/.02, #25/.02, or #25/.06. The size #10/.02 group was incubated for seven days. The size #25/.02 or #25/.06 group was incubated for 2 days. A stable biological model of E. faecalis infection was established. The root canals were washed with distilled water or with 1%, 2%, or 5.25% NaOCl combined with CNI or PIPS. Bacterial suspensions and biofilms were assessed using an ATP assay kit and fluorescence microscopy. Image-Pro Plus was used to analyse the average fluorescence intensity to determine the most suitable root canal irrigation solution. Results In the CNI and PIPS groups, the ATP value of the 5.25% NaOCl subgroup was the lowest, followed by that of the 2% and 1% NaOCl subgroups. The ATP value of the distilled water subgroup was the highest (P < 0.05). When the root canal taper was 0.02, the ATP value of the #10/.02 + PIPS group was significantly lower than that of the #25/.02 + CNI group (P < 0.05). The average fluorescence intensity of the #10/.02 + PIPS group was lower than that of the #25/.02 + CNI group (P < 0.05). When the apical diameter was #25, the ATP value of the 0.02 taper in the PIPS group was lower than that of the 0.06 taper in the CNI group (P < 0.05), and the average fluorescence intensity of the 0.02 taper + PIPS group was lower than that of the 0.06 taper + CNI group (P < 0.05). PIPS combined with 2% and 5.25% NaOCl effectively improved the long-term antibacterial effect after irrigation and re-culture for 6 h. Conclusions Compared with CNI, PIPS has greater ability to remove bacteria in root canals with a small preparation diameter and a small taper. PIPS with 2% and 5.25% NaOCl exhibited superior antibacterial and bacteriostatic effects.
Efficient and passive learning of networked dynamical systems driven by non-white exogenous inputs
Creators: name: Doddi, Harish
name: Deka, Deepjyoti
name: Talukdar, Saurav
name: Salapaka, Murti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a networked linear dynamical system with $p$ agents/nodes. We study the problem of learning the underlying graph of interactions/dependencies from observations of the nodal trajectories over a time-interval $T$. We present a regularized non-casual consistent estimator for this problem and analyze its sample complexity over two regimes: (a) where the interval $T$ consists of $n$ i.i.d. observation windows of length $T/n$ (restart and record), and (b) where $T$ is one continuous observation window (consecutive). Using the theory of $M$-estimators, we show that the estimator recovers the underlying interactions, in either regime, in a time-interval that is logarithmic in the system size $p$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to analyze the sample complexity of learning linear dynamical systems \emph{driven by unobserved not-white wide-sense stationary (WSS) inputs}.
description: Accepted in AISTATS 2022
An integrated paradigm for cellulosic biorefineries: Utilization of lignocellulosic biomass as self-sufficient feedstocks for fuel, food precursors and saccharolytic enzyme production
Creators: name: Bals, Bryan
name: Lau, Ming W.
name: Gunawan, Christa
name: Balan, Venkatesh
name: Jones, A. Daniel
name: Dale, Bruce E.
name: Chundawat, Shishir P. S.
name: Jin, Mingjie
Publisher: name: Rutgers University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Cellulosic ethanol
Biorefinery
Cell-wall extractives
Saccharolytic enzymes
Enzyme induction
Economic modelling
Fermentation

description: Simultaneously achieving economic, environmental and social sustainability is a major challenge for the emerging renewable fuel industry. We approach this problem by demonstrating a cellulosic biorefinery paradigm which produces ethanol and food precursors using lignocellulosic biomass as the exclusive source for carbohydrates and minerals. Enzymatic hydrolysate from Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX)-pretreated corn stover at 18% w/w solids loading was found to be nutrient-rich. This hydrolysate was fermented completely within 48 h in two stages to produce ethanol and native yeast cells. An in-house saccharolytic enzyme production using AFEX-pretreated corn stover as carbohydrate source greatly reduces the dependence on commercial enzymes. The inducer mixture is 2.5–7 times more potent than lactose, a common enzyme inducer. Economic analysis indicates that the proposed paradigm is substantially more cost-effective relative to the 2005 NREL model. This improvement is largely attributed to the native yeast cells co-production and the reduction of enzyme cost through the in-house production.
Suppression of Unitary Three-body Loss in a Degenerate Bose-Fermi Mixture
Creators: name: Chen, Xing-Yan
name: Duda, Marcel
name: Schindewolf, Andreas
name: Bause, Roman
name: Bloch, Immanuel
name: Luo, Xin-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study three-body loss in an ultracold mixture of a thermal Bose gas and a degenerate Fermi gas. We find that at unitarity, where the interspecies scattering length diverges, the usual inverse-square temperature scaling of the three-body loss found in non-degenerate systems is strongly modified and reduced with the increasing degeneracy of the Fermi gas. While the reduction of loss is qualitatively explained within the few-body scattering framework, a remaining suppression provides evidence for the long-range RKKY interactions mediated by fermions between bosons. Our model based on RKKY interactions quantitatively reproduces the data without free parameters, and predicts one order of magnitude reduction of the three-body loss coefficient in the deeply Fermi-degenerate regime.
title: Цифровая грамотность как средство активизации молодежи при выборе профессий будущего
Creators: name: Семенова, А. А.
Publisher: name: Реноме
Year: 2019

description: В статье рассматривается понятие «цифровая грамотность»; приводятся примеры зарубежного опыта по успешному развитию цифровой грамотности. Автор обосновывает необходимость актуализации цифровых навыков продвинутого уровня для успешного освоения профессий будущего, которые находятся на пересечении следующих дисциплинарных областей — STS (science and technology studies), исследований инноваций (innovation studies), STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics). Представлены краткие характеристики уникальных профессий в цифровом мире. Отмечается острая необходимость в своевременном планировании влияния цифровых технологий на рабочие места.
Ключевые слова: цифровизация, цифровая грамотность, профессии будущего, цифровые технологии, цифровой барьер, инновации, молодежь.
Predicting Chemical Hazard across Taxa through Machine Learning
Creators: name: Wu, Jimeng
name: D'Ambrosi, Simone
name: Ammann, Lorenz
name: Stadnicka-Michalak, Julita
name: Schirmer, Kristin
name: Baity-Jesi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We applied machine learning methods to predict chemical hazards focusing on fish acute toxicity across taxa. We analyzed the relevance of taxonomy and experimental setup, showing that taking them into account can lead to considerable improvements in the classification performance. We quantified the gain obtained throught the introduction of taxonomic and experimental information, compared to classification based on chemical information alone. We used our approach with standard machine learning models (K-nearest neighbors, random forests and deep neural networks), as well as the recently proposed Read-Across Structure Activity Relationship (RASAR) models, which were very successful in predicting chemical hazards to mammals based on chemical similarity. We were able to obtain accuracies of over 93% on datasets where, due to noise in the data, the maximum achievable accuracy was expected to be below 96%. The best performances were obtained by random forests and RASAR models. We analyzed metrics to compare our results with animal test reproducibility, and despite most of our models "outperform animal test reproducibility" as measured through recently proposed metrics, we showed that the comparison between machine learning performance and animal test reproducibility should be addressed with particular care. While we focused on fish mortality, our approach, provided that the right data is available, is valid for any combination of chemicals, effects and taxa.