cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear thermoelectric response due to energy-dependent transport properties of a quantum dot
Creators: name: Svilans, Artis
name: Burke, Adam M.
name: Svensson, Sofia Fahlvik
name: Leijnse, Martin
name: Linke, Heiner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum dots are useful model systems for studying quantum thermoelectric behavior because of their highly energy-dependent electron transport properties, which are tunable by electrostatic gating. As a result of this strong energy dependence, the thermoelectric response of quantum dots is expected to be nonlinear with respect to an applied thermal bias. However, until now this effect has been challenging to observe because, first, it is experimentally difficult to apply a sufficiently large thermal bias at the nanoscale and, second, it is difficult to distinguish thermal bias effects from purely temperature-dependent effects due to overall heating of a device. Here we take advantage of a novel thermal biasing technique and demonstrate a nonlinear thermoelectric response in a quantum dot which is defined in a heterostructured semiconductor nanowire. We also show that a theoretical model based on the Master equations fully explains the observed nonlinear thermoelectric response given the energy-dependent transport properties of the quantum dot.
description: Cite as: A. Svilans, et al., Physica E (2015), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physe.2015.10.007
Adopting the ACO Model: Identifying Stakeholder Perspectives on Care Coordination for Complex Populations
Creators: name: Bane, Marissa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Accountable care organizations (ACOs) are groups of doctors, hospitals, and other health
care providers who come together voluntarily to give coordinated, high quality care to patients
with complex health needs. Children with disabilities have some of the most complex health
needs and often experience poor health outcomes. In 2013, Partners for Kids (PFK), a pediatric
ACO in Ohio, took on disabled children in 34 counties throughout the state who were classified
as Aged/Blind/Disabled (ABD) to more effectively manage their care. Because pediatric ACOs
are relatively new, there is currently little research available on them. Therefore, the purpose of
this study was to learn how PFK prepared to take on the ABD population, what types of care
coordination strategies were used to coordinate care, and the metrics put in place to evaluate
success.
In-depth interviews were conducted with PFK stakeholders to understand their
perspectives on caring for the ABD population. Results from these interviews suggest that an
ACO like PFK prepares itself for taking on complex pediatric populations by addressing
concerns from key stakeholders, such as caregivers who do not want their children receiving care
coordination services. The ACO also works to build a strong infrastructure, such as putting
together a team of care coordinators. Next, to coordinate care for patients with complex health
needs, an ACO utilizes many different strategies related to staffing and technology. Staffing
strategies include care coordinators identifying how they can best meet the unique health needs
of each patient, and prioritizing communication to improve efficiency amongst staff and patients.
Another care coordination strategy is to implement relevant forms of technology; for instance,
the use of an electronic health record (EHR) allows the ACO to store patient information in a
secure, centralized system to better coordinate their care. Lastly, an ACO relies on informal and
formal feedback to evaluate success, using metrics related to health outcomes and cost.
title: Music, knowledge, faith and reform in the thought and practice of Robert Grosseteste and J. S. Bach
Creators: name: Gardner, Owain
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 2023

description: This thesis seeks to see how far our knowledge of J. S. Bach’s (1685–1750) religious music and musical method can be further illuminated in light of early Franciscan writings on scientia and music, especially the works of Robert Grosseteste (c. 1168–1253), and so also further consider the impact Bishop Robert had on an aspect of Christian thought and practice in Europe down to the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. A key figure in the high Middle Ages, in medieval scholasticism, and latterly the diplomatic life of medieval England Grosseteste may not appear to be an immediately obvious candidate for linking to the orthodox Lutheran Bach. But the fact remains that the least-explored area of Grosseteste’s thought is found in his conception of music – certainly by comparison with his philosophical, theological and scientific thought. As such each chapter considers a specific part of the nature of music in Grosseteste’s vision for the pastoral life of Lincoln Cathedral and the largest diocese in medieval England. Having established Grosseteste’s very personal view of music’s role in temporal life, we move on to find connections to Bach through ideas such as Beverley Clack’s redefinition of homo religiosus, Martin Luther’s reforming mission (alongside that of his collaborators Bugenhagen and Melanchthon) and come to a view of Bach the orthodox Lutheran. The final chapter considers the idea of the extent to which – through the lens of the duties of a medieval master of theology: legere (to teach), disputare (to hold disputations) and praedicare (to preach) – we could describe Bach’s working method as being similar to Grosseteste’s own, indeed Grosseteste could be described as one of the Bachian working method’s progenitors as there are enough connections between the two men to suggest that this idea is indeed a plausible one.
Time-resolved observation of thermalization in an isolated quantum system
Creators: name: Clos, Govinda
name: Porras, Diego
name: Warring, Ulrich
name: Schaetz, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use trapped atomic ions forming a hybrid Coulomb crystal, and exploit its phonons to study an isolated quantum system composed of a single spin coupled to an engineered bosonic environment. We increase the complexity of the system by adding ions and controlling coherent couplings and, thereby, we observe the emergence of thermalization: Time averages of spin observables approach microcanonical averages while related fluctuations decay. Our platform features precise control of system size, coupling strength, and isolation from the external world to explore the dynamics of equilibration and thermalization.
description: 14 pages (incl. Supplemental Material), 8 figures, 2 tables
Metal-insulator transition in a 2D system of chiral unitary class
Creators: name: Karcher, Jonas F.
name: Gruzberg, Ilya A.
name: Mirlin, Alexander D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a numerical investigation of Anderson metal-insulator transition (MIT) in a twodimensional system of chiral symmetry class AIII by combining finite-size scaling, transport, density of states, and multifractality studies. The results are in agreement with the sigma-model renormalization-group theory, where MIT is driven by proliferation of vortices. We determine the phase diagram and find an apparent non-universality of several parameters on the critical line of MIT, which is consistent with the analytically predicted slow renormalization towards the ultimate fixed point of the MIT. The localization-length exponent $ν$ is estimated as $ν= 1.55 \pm 0.10$.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures
A simple mathematical model of cyclic hypoxia and its impact on hypofractionated radiotherapy
Creators: name: Taylor, Edward
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is evidence that the population of cells that experience fluctuating oxygen levels are more radioresistant than chronically hypoxic ones and hence, this population may determine radiotherapy (RT) response, in particular for hypofractionated RT, where reoxygenation may not be as prominent. A considerable effort has been devoted to examining the impact of hypoxia on hypofractionated RT; however, much less attention has been paid to cyclic hypoxia specifically and the role its kinetics may play in determining the efficacy of these treatments. Here, a simple mathematical model of cyclic hypoxia and fractionation effects was worked out to quantify this. Cancer clonogen survival fraction was estimated using the linear quadratic model, modified to account for oxygen enhancement effects and inter-fraction tissue oxygen kinetics. The resulting survival fraction formula was used to derive an expression for the iso-survival biologically effective dose, $\bedeff$. These were computed for some common extra-cranial hypofractionated radiotherapy regimens. Using relevant literature parameter values, inter-fraction fluctuations in oxygenation were found to result in an added 1-2 logs of clonogen survival fraction in going from five fractions to one for the same nominal biologically effective dose. $\bedeff$'s for most ultra-hypofractionated (five or fewer fractions) regimens in a given tumour site are similar in magnitude, suggesting iso-efficacy for common fractionation schedules. Although significant, the loss of cell-killing with increasing hypofractionation is not nearly as large as previous estimates based on the assumption of complete reoxygenation between fractions. Most ultra-hypofractionated regimens currently in place offer sufficiently high doses to counter this loss of cell killing, although care should be taken in implementing single-fraction regimens.
description: Published version
Festival Tourism: Advertising the Western North Carolina Tourist Industry Through Cultural Performance in the Cherokee Indian Fair, the Rhododendron Festival, and the Grandfather Mountain Highland Games
Creators: name: McKnight, Jr., H. Brent
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: With the rise of the American middle class in the early twentieth century, tourist
boosters had new opportunities to market attractions to a broader and larger swath of the
population than just the very wealthy. Two factors aided tourist boosters’ efforts to build a more robust tourist economy in western North Carolina and cater to the larger group of possible tourists: improved transportation and new forms of leisure. While improved transportation made it possible for the tourists to come and new focuses in leisure provided opportunities into which the tourist industry could expand, officials and tourist boosters in western North Carolina cities still needed attractions and ways to publicize the region to potential tourists. This thesis argues that festivals emerged as an important mechanism to both entertain tourists and advertise the broader region as a tourist destination.
Architectural Consistency Checking in Plugin-Based Software Systems
Creators: name: Greifenberg, Timo
name: Müller, Klaus
name: Rumpe, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Manually ensuring that the implementation of a software system is consistent with the software architecture is a laborious and error-prone task. Thus, a variety of approaches towards automated consistency checking have been developed to counteract architecture erosion. However, these approaches lack means to define and check architectural restrictions concerning plugin dependencies, which is required for plugin-based software systems. In this paper, we propose a domain-specific language called Dependency Constraint Language (DepCoL) to facilitate the definition of constraints concerning plugin dependencies. Using DepCoL, it is possible to define constraints affecting groups of plugins, reducing the required specification effort, to formulate constraints for specific plugins only and to refine constraints. Moreover, we provide an Eclipse plugin, which checks whether the software system under development is consistent with the modeled constraints. This enables a seamless integration into the development process to effortless check consistency during development of the software system. In this way, developers are informed about dependency violations immediately and this supports developers in counteracting architecture erosion.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 4 listings, European Conference on Software Architecture Workshops (ECSAW), pp. 58:1-58:7, Cavtat, Croatia, ACM New York, 2015
Accumulative reservoir construction: Bridging continuously relaxed and periodically refreshed extended reservoirs
Creators: name: Wojtowicz, Gabriela
name: Purkayastha, Archak
name: Zwolak, Michael
name: Rams, Marek M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The simulation of open many-body quantum systems is challenging, requiring methods to both handle exponentially large Hilbert spaces and represent the influence of (infinite) particle and energy reservoirs. These two requirements are at odds with each other: Larger collections of modes can increase the fidelity of the reservoir representation but come at a substantial computational cost when included in numerical many-body techniques. An increasingly utilized and natural approach to control the growth of the reservoir is to cast a finite set of reservoir modes themselves as an open quantum system. There are, though, many routes to do so. Here, we introduce an accumulative reservoir construction -- an ARC -- that employs a series of partial refreshes of the extended reservoirs. Through this series, the representation accumulates the character of an infinite reservoir. This provides a unified framework for both continuous (Lindblad) relaxation and a recently introduced periodically refresh approach (i.e., discrete resets of the reservoir modes to equilibrium). In the context of quantum transport, we show that the phase space for physical behavior separates into discrete and continuous relaxation regimes with the boundary between them set by natural, physical timescales. Both of these regimes "turnover" into regions of over- and under-damped coherence in a way reminiscent of Kramers' crossover. We examine how the range of behavior impacts errors and the computational cost, including within tensor networks. These results provide the first comparison of distinct extended reservoir approaches, showing that they have different scaling of error versus cost (with a bridging ARC regime decaying fastest). Exploiting the enhanced scaling, though, will be challenging, as it comes with a substantial increase in (operator space) entanglement entropy.
description: 27 pages, 18 figures
Stimulus-responsive colloidal sensors with fast holographic readout
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Moyses, Henrique W.
name: Grier, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal spheres synthesized from polymer gels swell by absorbing molecules from solution. The resulting change in size can be monitored with nanometer precision using holographic video microscopy. When the absorbate is chemically similar to the polymer matrix, swelling is driven primarily by the entropy of mixing, and is limited by the surface tension of the swelling sphere and by the elastic energy of the polymer matrix. We demonstrate though a combination of optical micromanipulation and holographic particle characterization that the degree of swelling of a single polymer bead can be used to measure the monomer concentration in situ with spatial resolution comparable to the size of the sphere.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Role of ranolazine in the prevention and treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with systolic heart failure: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
Creators: name: Leelapatana, Pattranee
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Ranolazine and atrial fibrillation

description: The aims of this comprehensive meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials are to investigate the efficacy and safety of ranolazine in systolic heart failure patients with AF.
Characterization of DTACC Structure and Function
Creators: name: Fadero, Tanner
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Microtubules (MTs) are essential for numerous cellular processes. MTs impact cell
shape, serve as intra-cellular transport tracks, and form the mitotic spindle. Microtubule-associated
proteins (MAPs) modulate MTs to afford differing MT dynamics and ultra-structure.
The TACC proteins, a highly conserved MAP family, localize to the MT plus-end and to
centrosomes where they affect MT dynamics and interact with other MAPs to modulate their
MT-regulating potency. We focus on the interplay between TACC and the MT polymerase,
XMAP215. To elucidate TACC’s mechanisms of centrosome-localization and XMAP215-
recuitment in cells, we used Drosophila S2 cells as a model cell system. We used truncational
analysis of Drosophila TACC (DTACC) in order to identify regions of DTACC that localize to
the centrosome and to MT plus-ends using fluorescence microscopy. These results suggest the
determinants of DTACC that confer in vivo Msps (Drosophila XMAP215) binding and are
consistent with our in vitro biochemical binding assays.
On Markovianity and classicality in multilevel spin-boson models
Creators: name: Chruściński, Dariusz
name: Hesabi, Samaneh
name: Lonigro, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a detailed discussion about the unitary and reduced evolution induced by family of Hamiltonian models describing a multilevel system, with a ground state and a possibly multilevel excited sector, coupled to a multimode boson field via a rotating-wave interaction. We prove explicitly that the system, in the limit in which the coupling is flat with respect to the boson frequencies, is Markovian under sharp measurements in arbitrary bases; we also find necessary and sufficient conditions under which the process is classical, i.e. its family of multitime joint probability distributions satisfies the Kolmogorov consistency condition, and may thus be equivalently obtained by a classical stochastic process.
description: 27 pages; typos corrected
Impact of Tokenization on Language Models: An Analysis for Turkish
Creators: name: Toraman, Cagri
name: Yilmaz, Eyup Halit
name: Şahinuç, Furkan
name: Ozcelik, Oguzhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tokenization is an important text preprocessing step to prepare input tokens for deep language models. WordPiece and BPE are de facto methods employed by important models, such as BERT and GPT. However, the impact of tokenization can be different for morphologically rich languages, such as Turkic languages, where many words can be generated by adding prefixes and suffixes. We compare five tokenizers at different granularity levels, i.e. their outputs vary from smallest pieces of characters to the surface form of words, including a Morphological-level tokenizer. We train these tokenizers and pretrain medium-sized language models using RoBERTa pretraining procedure on the Turkish split of the OSCAR corpus. We then fine-tune our models on six downstream tasks. Our experiments, supported by statistical tests, reveal that Morphological-level tokenizer has challenging performance with de facto tokenizers. Furthermore, we find that increasing the vocabulary size improves the performance of Morphological and Word-level tokenizers more than that of de facto tokenizers. The ratio of the number of vocabulary parameters to the total number of model parameters can be empirically chosen as 20% for de facto tokenizers and 40% for other tokenizers to obtain a reasonable trade-off between model size and performance.
description: submitted to ACM TALLIP
Next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order QCD prediction for the top anti-top S-wave pair production cross section near threshold in e+ e- annihilation
Creators: name: Beneke, Martin
name: Kiyo, Yuichiro
name: Marquard, Peter
name: Piclum, Jan
name: Penin, Alexander
name: Steinhauser, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the third-order QCD prediction for the production of top-anti-top quark pairs in electron-positron collisions close to the threshold in the dominant S-wave state. We observe a significant reduction of the theoretical uncertainty and discuss the sensitivity to the top quark mass and width.
description: LaTeX, 5 pages
Organizational readiness for change: Preceptor perceptions regarding early immersion of student pharmacists in health-system practice
Creators: name: D'Ostroph, Amanda
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Purpose: To examine preceptors’ perceptions regarding readiness for change pre- and post-implementation of a pilot early immersion program engaging student pharmacists in direct patient care.
Methods: Student pharmacists enrolled in the second professional year of a Doctor of Pharmacy degree program completed a four-week health-system introductory pharmacy practice experience (IPPE) which was modified to include direct patient care roles in operational (drug preparation and dispensing) and clinical (comprehensive medication management) pharmacy environments. Pharmacy preceptors with direct oversight for program implementation completed a pre/post Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC) survey and a 50-minute interview or focus group post-experience. The ORIC survey evaluates two dimensions of organizational readiness for change – change commitment and change efficacy. Additional items assessed included implementation needs, support, and perceived value of the change. ORIC survey constructs were compared before and after the experience. Interviews and focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, and evaluated by constant comparative analysis. A mixed methods approach was used to triangulate findings and develop greater understanding of the ORIC survey results.
Results: Twenty pharmacy preceptors (37±8 years of age, 60% female, 65% clinical pharmacist position, 70% prior preceptor experience) participated in the study. There were no significant changes in pre/post survey constructs, except for a decline in the perception of organizational change commitment (p<0.001). Sub-analyses indicated the decline was associated with items assessing individual dedication and individual commitment to the change (p<0.05 for both). Primary emerging themes from interviews included concerns about implementation
requirements, contextual factors of the experience that affected implementation, and varying perceptions about the value of early immersion across preceptor roles.
Conclusion: As pharmacy curricula immerse student pharmacists in practice earlier in their education, pharmacy departments can utilize the ORIC survey to identify preceptors’ commitment and concerns to support the necessary changes for student pharmacist engagement.
Collective dynamics of belief evolution under cognitive coherence and social conformity
Creators: name: Rodriguez, Nathaniel
name: Bollen, Johan
name: Ahn, Yong-Yeol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human history has been marked by social instability and conflict, often driven by the irreconcilability of opposing sets of beliefs, ideologies, and religious dogmas. The dynamics of belief systems has been studied mainly from two distinct perspectives, namely how cognitive biases lead to individual belief rigidity and how social influence leads to social conformity. Here we propose a unifying framework that connects cognitive and social forces together in order to study the dynamics of societal belief evolution. Each individual is endowed with a network of interacting beliefs that evolves through interaction with other individuals in a social network. The adoption of beliefs is affected by both internal coherence and social conformity. Our framework explains how social instabilities can arise in otherwise homogeneous populations, how small numbers of zealots with highly coherent beliefs can overturn societal consensus, and how belief rigidity protects fringe groups and cults against invasion from mainstream beliefs, allowing them to persist and even thrive in larger societies. Our results suggest that strong consensus may be insufficient to guarantee social stability, that the cognitive coherence of belief-systems is vital in determining their ability to spread, and that coherent belief-systems may pose a serious problem for resolving social polarization, due to their ability to prevent consensus even under high levels of social exposure. We therefore argue that the inclusion of cognitive factors into a social model is crucial in providing a more complete picture of collective human dynamics.
CROWDLAB: Supervised learning to infer consensus labels and quality scores for data with multiple annotators
Creators: name: Goh, Hui Wen
name: Tkachenko, Ulyana
name: Mueller, Jonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-world data for classification is often labeled by multiple annotators. For analyzing such data, we introduce CROWDLAB, a straightforward approach to utilize any trained classifier to estimate: (1) A consensus label for each example that aggregates the available annotations; (2) A confidence score for how likely each consensus label is correct; (3) A rating for each annotator quantifying the overall correctness of their labels. Existing algorithms to estimate related quantities in crowdsourcing often rely on sophisticated generative models with iterative inference. CROWDLAB instead uses a straightforward weighted ensemble. Existing algorithms often rely solely on annotator statistics, ignoring the features of the examples from which the annotations derive. CROWDLAB utilizes any classifier model trained on these features, and can thus better generalize between examples with similar features. On real-world multi-annotator image data, our proposed method provides superior estimates for (1)-(3) than existing algorithms like Dawid-Skene/GLAD.
Bots, Disinformation, and the First Trump Impeachment
Creators: name: Rossetti, Michael
name: Zaman, Tauhid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automated social media accounts, known as bots, have been shown to spread disinformation and manipulate online discussions. We study the behavior of retweet bots on Twitter during the first impeachment of U.S. President Donald Trump. We collect over 67.7 million impeachment related tweets from 3.6 million users, along with their 53.6 million edge follower network. We find although bots represent 1% of all users, they generate over 31% of all impeachment related tweets. We also find bots share more disinformation, but use less toxic language than other users. Among supporters of the Qanon conspiracy theory, a popular disinformation campaign, bots have a prevalence near 10%. The follower network of Qanon supporters exhibits a hierarchical structure, with bots acting as central hubs surrounded by isolated humans. We quantify bot impact using the generalized harmonic influence centrality measure. We find there are a greater number of pro-Trump bots, but on a per bot basis, anti-Trump and pro-Trump bots have similar impact, while Qanon bots have less impact. This lower impact is due to the homophily of the Qanon follower network, suggesting this disinformation is spread mostly within online echo-chambers.
Replication of the Prototype-Effect and Political Orientation as a Moderator
Creators: name: Schwab, Sandra
name: Stahl, Christoph
name: Wiel, Patrick
name: Appel, Ilaria
name: Pallasch, Nina
name: Sander, Myrna
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: Expra Dr. Dorrough Original Study: Carlsson, R. & Sinclair, S. (2018): Prototypes and same-gender bias in perceptions of hiring discrimination. Political Orientation as a moderator.
An Outsider's Perspective on Information Recovery in de Sitter Space
Creators: name: Aalsma, Lars
name: Aguilar-Gutierrez, Sergio E.
name: Sybesma, Watse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement islands play a crucial role in our understanding of how Hawking radiation encodes information in a black hole, but their relevance in cosmological spacetimes is less clear. In this paper, we continue our investigation of information recovery in de Sitter space and construct a two-dimensional model of gravity containing a domain wall that interpolates between de Sitter space and Rindler space. The Rindler wedges introduce weakly-gravitating asymptotic regions from which de Sitter space can be probed, yielding an outside perspective of the cosmological horizon. In contrast to earlier works, backreaction effects are under control by considering a quantum state that only breaks the thermal equilibrium of the Bunch-Davies state for a finite time. This allows information to be decoded from the Gibbons-Hawking radiation in a controlled fashion.
description: Published version, 32 pages, 8 figures
Clustering of Modal Valued Symbolic Data
Creators: name: Batagelj, Vladimir
name: Kejžar, Nataša
name: Korenjak-Černe, Simona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H30, 91C20, 62-07, 68T10

description: Symbolic Data Analysis is based on special descriptions of data - symbolic objects (SO). Such descriptions preserve more detailed information about units and their clusters than the usual representations with mean values. A special kind of symbolic object is a representation with frequency or probability distributions (modal values). This representation enables us to consider in the clustering process the variables of all measurement types at the same time. In the paper a clustering criterion function for SOs is proposed such that the representative of each cluster is again composed of distributions of variables' values over the cluster. The corresponding leaders clustering method is based on this result. It is also shown that for the corresponding agglomerative hierarchical method a generalized Ward's formula holds. Both methods are compatible - they are solving the same clustering optimization problem. The leaders method efficiently solves clustering problems with large number of units; while the agglomerative method can be applied alone on the smaller data set, or it could be applied on leaders, obtained with compatible nonhierarchical clustering method. Such a combination of two compatible methods enables us to decide upon the right number of clusters on the basis of the corresponding dendrogram. The proposed methods were applied on different data sets. In the paper, some results of clustering of ESS data are presented.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures. Adv Data Anal Classif (2020)
Chiral and trace anomalies in Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Shohini
name: Hatta, Yoshitaka
name: Vogelsang, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by recent work by Tarasov and Venugopalan, we calculate the one-loop quark box diagrams relevant to polarized and unpolarized Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) by introducing off-forward momentum $l^μ$ as an infrared regulator. In the polarized case, we rederive the pole $1/l^2$ related to the axial (chiral) anomaly. In addition, we obtain the usual logarithmic term and the DIS coefficient function. We interpret the result in terms of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) $\tilde{H}$ and $\tilde{E}$ and discuss the possible violation of QCD factorization for the Compton scattering amplitude. Remarkably, we also find poles in the unpolarized case which are remnants of the trace anomaly. We argue that these poles are cancelled by the would-be massless glueball poles in the GPDs $H$ and $E$ as well as in their moments, the nucleon gravitational form factors $A,B$ and $D$. This mechanism sheds light on the connection between the gravitational form factors and the gluon condensate operator $F^{μν}F_{μν}$.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, minor additions to text, updated references, version to appear in PRD
Gaussian state interferometry with passive and active elements
Creators: name: Sparaciari, Carlo
name: Olivares, Stefano
name: Paris, Matteo G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address precision of optical interferometers fed by Gaussian states and involving passive and/or active elements, such as beam splitters, photodetectors and optical parametric amplifiers. We first address the ultimate bounds to precision by discussing the behaviour of the quantum Fisher information. We then consider photodetection at the output and calculate the sensitivity of the interferometers taking into account the non unit quantum efficiency of the detectors. Our results show that in the ideal case of photon number detectors with unit quantum efficiency the best configuration is the symmetric one, namely, passive (active) interferometer with passive (active) detection stage: in this case one may achieve Heisenberg scaling of sensitivity by suitably optimizing over Gaussian states at the input. On the other hand, in the realistic case of detectors with non unit quantum efficiency, the performances of passive scheme are unavoidably degraded, whereas detectors involving optical parametric amplifiers allow to fully compensate the presence of loss in the detection stage, thus restoring the Heisenberg scaling.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures
Extended Tolman III and VII solutions in $f(\mathcal{R},T)$ gravity: Models for neutron stars and supermassive stars
Creators: name: Pappas, Thomas D.
name: Posada, Camilo
name: Stuchlík, Zdeněk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of linear $f(\mathcal{R},T)=\mathcal{R}+χT$ gravity, where $\mathcal{R}$ is the Ricci scalar, $T$ is the trace of the energy-momentum tensor, and $χ$ is a dimensionless parameter, we have obtained exact analytical and numerical solutions for isotropic perfect-fluid spheres in hydrostatic equilibrium. Our solutions correspond to two-parametric extensions of the Tolman III (T-III) and Tolman VII (T-VII) models, in terms of the compactness $β$ and $χ$. By requiring configurations that exhibit monotonically decreasing radial profiles for both the energy density and pressure, compliance with the energy conditions, as well as subluminal speed of sound, we have constrained the parametric space of our solutions. We have also obtained analytically a parametric deformation of the T-VII solution that continuously interpolates between the T-III and T-VII models for any $χ$, and in the appropriate limits, provides an analytic approximation for the uniform density configuration in linear $f(\mathcal{R},T)$ gravity. Finally, by integrating numerically the TOV equations, we have obtained a numerical solution for the uniform-density configuration and subsequently, using the mass-radius relations, we have obtained the maximum mass that can be supported by such configurations. We have found that in the appropriate parametric regime our solution is in very good agreement with the observational bounds for the masses and radii of neutron stars.
description: 24 pages, 20 figures, 1 table, version to match the one published in Phys. Rev. D, corrected issue of version 2 with figures appearing in the references section
Stereoselective Bond Formation in the Total Synthesis of Rubriflordilactone B
Creators: name: Ripberger, Hunter
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Rubriflordilactone B, an isolate from the Eastern Asian vine Schisandra rubriflora, is
a bisnortriterpene possessing both inhibitory effects against HIV-infected cells and
low levels of cytotoxicity. Synthetic quantities of this molecule would provide the
opportunity to study its mechanism of action; however, the synthesis poses several
challenges, including the installation of several fused rings and five contiguous
stereocenters. We report progress on the synthesis of this natural product from two
simple synthons - a butenolide and a substituted indene - by employing several
stereoselective bondGforming reactions. The butenolide is formed from a
diastereoselective, vinylogous Mukaiyama aldol addition, which then undergoes a
photoredoxGcatalyzed, polar radical crossover cycloaddtion with the indene to set
all five stereocenters in two steps. These reactions allow for the concise union of the
synthons with a high degree of stereoselectivity, paving the way for the completion
of the synthesis.
title: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT)
Creators: name: Pérez, jorge
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 34-year-old woman is presenting with severe headache and vomiting persisting for three days, which is currently associated with bradylalia upon consultation. She has no history of OCP use or family history of thrombophilia. She is currently undergoing treatment with Aciclovir and pregabalin for herpes zoster infection in the cervical region.

description: 34 years, female
Accurate Molecular-Orbital-Based Machine Learning Energies via Unsupervised Clustering of Chemical Space
Creators: name: Cheng, Lixue
name: Sun, Jiace
name: Miller, Thomas F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce an unsupervised clustering algorithm to improve training efficiency and accuracy in predicting energies using molecular-orbital-based machine learning (MOB-ML). This work determines clusters via the Gaussian mixture model (GMM) in an entirely automatic manner and simplifies an earlier supervised clustering approach [J. Chem. Theory Comput., 15, 6668 (2019)] by eliminating both the necessity for user-specified parameters and the training of an additional classifier. Unsupervised clustering results from GMM have the advantage of accurately reproducing chemically intuitive groupings of frontier molecular orbitals and having improved performance with an increasing number of training examples. The resulting clusters from supervised or unsupervised clustering is further combined with scalable Gaussian process regression (GPR) or linear regression (LR) to learn molecular energies accurately by generating a local regression model in each cluster. Among all four combinations of regressors and clustering methods, GMM combined with scalable exact Gaussian process regression (GMM/GPR) is the most efficient training protocol for MOB-ML. The numerical tests of molecular energy learning on thermalized datasets of drug-like molecules demonstrate the improved accuracy, transferability, and learning efficiency of GMM/GPR over not only other training protocols for MOB-ML, i.e., supervised regression-clustering combined with GPR(RC/GPR) and GPR without clustering. GMM/GPR also provide the best molecular energy predictions compared with the ones from literature on the same benchmark datasets. With a lower scaling, GMM/GPR has a 10.4-fold speedup in wall-clock training time compared with scalable exact GPR with a training size of 6500 QM7b-T molecules.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
The Zeeman and hyperfine interactions of a single $^{167}Er^{3+}$ ion in Si
Creators: name: Yang, Jiliang
name: Fan, Wenda
name: Zhang, Yangbo
name: Duan, Changkui
name: de Boo, Gabriele G.
name: Ahlefeldt, Rose L.
name: Longdell, Jevon J.
name: Johnson, Brett C.
name: McCallum, Jeffrey C.
name: Sellars, Matthew J.
name: Rogge, Sven
name: Yin, Chunming
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Er-doped Si is a promising candidate for quantum information applications due to its telecom wavelength optical transition and its compatibility with Si nanofabrication technologies. Recent spectroscopic studies based on photoluminescence excitation have shown multiple well-defined lattice sites that Er occupies in Si. Here we report the first measurement of the Zeeman and hyperfine tensors of a single 167Er3+ ion in Si. All the obtained tensors are highly anisotropic with the largest value principal axes aligning in nearly the same direction, and the trace of the lowest crystal field level g-tensor is 17.78$\pm$0.40. The results indicate that this specific Er site is likely to be a distorted cubic site that exhibits monoclinic (C1) symmetry. Finally, zero first-order-Zeeman (ZEFOZ) fields are identified for this site and could be used to reduce decoherence of hyperfine spin states in future experiments.
Lifetime-based Optimization for Simulating Quantum Circuits on a New Sunway Supercomputer
Creators: name: Chen, Yaojian
name: Liu, Yong
name: Shi, Xinmin
name: Song, Jiawei
name: Liu, Xin
name: Gan, Lin
name: Guo, Chu
name: Fu, Haohuan
name: Gao, Jie
name: Chen, Dexun
name: Yang, Guangwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-performance classical simulator for quantum circuits, in particular the tensor network contraction algorithm, has become an important tool for the validation of noisy quantum computing. In order to address the memory limitations, the slicing technique is used to reduce the tensor dimensions, but it could also lead to additional computation overhead that greatly slows down the overall performance. This paper proposes novel lifetime-based methods to reduce the slicing overhead and improve the computing efficiency, including an interpretation method to deal with slicing overhead, an in-place slicing strategy to find the smallest slicing set and an adaptive tensor network contraction path refiner customized for Sunway architecture. Experiments show that in most cases the slicing overhead with our in-place slicing strategy would be less than the cotengra, which is the most used graph path optimization software at present. Finally, the resulting simulation time is reduced to 96.1s for the Sycamore quantum processor RQC, with a sustainable single-precision performance of 308.6Pflops using over 41M cores to generate 1M correlated samples, which is more than 5 times performance improvement compared to 60.4 Pflops in 2021 Gordon Bell Prize work.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures
Enumeration of rational curves with cross-ratio constraints
Creators: name: Tyomkin, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N10, 14N35, 14H10, 14M25, 14Q05, 14T05

description: In this paper we prove the algebraic-tropical correspondence for stable maps of rational curves with marked points to toric varieties such that the marked points are mapped to given orbits in the big torus and in the boundary divisor, the map has prescribed tangency to the boundary divisor, and certain quadruples of marked points have prescribed cross-ratios. In particular, our results generalize the results of Nishinou and Siebert. The proof is very short, involves only the standard theory of schemes, and works in arbitrary characteristic (including the mixed characteristic case).
description: 23 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Adv.Math
Higgs effects in top anti-top production near threshold in e+ e- annihilation
Creators: name: Beneke, Martin
name: Maier, Andreas
name: Piclum, Jan
name: Rauh, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The completion of the third-order QCD corrections to the inclusive top-pair production cross section near threshold demonstrates that the strong dynamics is under control at the few percent level. In this paper we consider the effects of the Higgs boson on the cross section and, for the first time, combine the third-order QCD result with the third-order P-wave, the leading QED and the leading non-resonant contributions. We study the size of the different effects and investigate the sensitivity of the cross section to variations of the top-quark Yukawa coupling due to possible new physics effects.
description: LaTeX, 17 pages
On bounded Wang tilings
Creators: name: Tyburec, Marek
name: Zeman, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Wang tiles enable efficient pattern compression while avoiding the periodicity in tile distribution via programmable matching rules. However, most research in Wang tilings has considered tiling the infinite plane. Motivated by emerging applications in materials engineering, we consider the bounded version of the tiling problem and offer four integer programming formulations to construct valid or nearly-valid Wang tilings: a decision, maximum-rectangular tiling, maximum cover, and maximum adjacency constraint satisfaction formulations. To facilitate a finer control over the resulting tilings, we extend these programs with tile-based, color-based, packing, and variable-sized periodic constraints. Furthermore, we introduce an efficient heuristic algorithm for the maximum-cover variant based on the shortest path search in directed acyclic graphs and derive simple modifications to provide a $1/2$ approximation guarantee for arbitrary tile sets, and a $2/3$ guarantee for tile sets with cyclic transducers. Finally, we benchmark the performance of the integer programming formulations and of the heuristic algorithms showing that the heuristics provides very competitive outputs in a fraction of time. As a by-product, we reveal errors in two well-known aperiodic tile sets: the Knuth tile set contains a tile unusable in two-way infinite tilings, and the Lagae corner tile set is not aperiodic.