cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Clash of Kinks: Phase shifts in colliding non-integrable solitons
Creators: name: Amin, Mustafa A.
name: Lim, Eugene A.
name: Yang, I-Sheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a closed-form expression for the phase shift experienced by 1+1 dimensional kinks colliding at ultra-relativistic velocities (gamma v >> 1), valid for arbitrary periodic potentials. Our closed-form expression is the leading order result of a more general scattering theory of solitary waves described in a companion paper [Amin, Lim and Yang, arXiv:1308.0606]. This theory relies on a small kinematic parameter 1/(gamma v) << 1 rather than a small parameter in the Lagrangian. Our analytic results can be directly extracted from the Lagrangian without solving the equation of motion. Based on our closed-form expression, we prove that kink-kink and kink-antikink collisions have identical phase shifts at leading order.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, updated link to the companion paper and fixed some typos
Short-Term Variability of X-rays from Accreting Neutron Star Vela X-1: II. Monte-Carlo Modeling
Creators: name: Odaka, Hirokazu
name: Khangulyan, Dmitry
name: Tanaka, Yasuyuki T.
name: Watanabe, Shin
name: Takahashi, Tadayuki
name: Makishima, Kazuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a Monte Carlo Comptonization model for the X-ray spectrum of accretion-powered pulsars. Simple, spherical, thermal Comptonization models give harder spectra for higher optical depth, while the observational data from Vela X-1 show that the spectra are harder at higher luminosity. This suggests a physical interpretation where the optical depth of the accreting plasma increases with mass accretion rate. We develop a detailed Monte-Carlo model of the accretion flow, including the effects of the strong magnetic field ($\sim 10^{12}$ G) both in geometrically constraining the flow into an accretion column, and in reducing the cross section. We treat bulk-motion Comptonization of the infalling material as well as thermal Comptonization. These model spectra can match the observed broad-band {\it Suzaku} data from Vela X-1 over a wide range of mass accretion rates. The model can also explain the so-called "low state", in which the uminosity decreases by an order of magnitude. Here, thermal Comptonization should be negligible, so the spectrum instead is dominated by bulk-motion Comptonization.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
The Dynamics of Galaxy Pairs in a Cosmological Setting
Creators: name: Moreno, Jorge
name: Bluck, Asa F. L.
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Patton, David R.
name: Torrey, Paul
name: Moster, Benjamin P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the Millennium Simulation, and an abundance-matching framework, to investigate the dynamical behaviour of galaxy pairs embedded in a cosmological context. Our main galaxy-pair sample, selected to have separations under 250 kpc/h, consists of over 1.3 million pairs at redshift z = 0, with stellar masses greater than 10^9 Msun, probing mass ratios down to 1:1000. We use dark matter halo membership and energy to classify our galaxy pairs. In terms of halo membership, central-satellite pairs tend to be in isolation (in relation to external more massive galaxies), are energetically- bound to each other, and are also weakly-bound to a neighbouring massive galaxy. Satellite-satellite pairs, instead, inhabit regions in close proximity to a more massive galaxy, are energetically-unbound, and are often bound to that neighbour. We find that 60% of our paired galaxies are bound to both their companion and to a third external object. Moreover, only 9% of our pairs resemble the kind of systems described by idealised binary merger simulations in complete isolation. In sum, we demonstrate the importance of properly connecting galaxy pairs to the rest of the Universe.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Obscured accretion from AGN surveys
Creators: name: Vignali, Cristian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent models of super-massive black hole (SMBH) and host galaxy joint evolution predict the presence of a key phase where accretion, traced by obscured Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) emission, is coupled with powerful star formation. Then feedback processes likely self-regulate the SMBH growth and quench the star-formation activity. AGN in this important evolutionary phase have been revealed in the last decade via surveys at different wavelengths. On the one hand, moderate-to-deep X-ray surveys have allowed a systematic search for heavily obscured AGN, up to very high redshifts (z~5). On the other hand, infrared/optical surveys have been invaluable in offering complementary methods to select obscured AGN also in cases where the nuclear X-ray emission below 10 keV is largely hidden to our view. In this review I will present my personal perspective of the field of obscured accretion from AGN surveys.
description: Invited contribution to appear in Proceedings of the IAU Symposium No. 304, "Multiwavelength AGN Surveys and Studies", eds. Areg Mickaelian, Felix Aharonian, & David Sanders. 7 pages, 1 figure
Time optimal quantum control of two-qubit systems
Creators: name: Li, Bin
name: Yu, Zu-Huan
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
name: Li-Jost, XianQing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the optimal quantum control of heteronuclear two-qubit systems described by a Hamiltonian containing both nonlocal internal drift and local control terms. We derive an explicit formula to compute the minimum time required to steer the system from an initial state to a specified final state. As applications the minimal time to implement Controlled-NOT gate, SWAP gate and Controlled-U gate is calculated in detail. The experimental realizations of these quantum gates are explicitly presented.
description: 11 pages
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with usability of the EMPOWER-SUSTAIN Global Cardiovascular Risks Self-Management Booklet© among individuals with metabolic syndrome in primary care: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Abdul-Halim, Mohamad Abu Zar
name: Baharudin, Noorhida
name: Abdul-Hamid, Hasidah
name: Mohamed-Yassin, Mohamed-Syarif
name: Daud, Maryam Hannah
name: Badlishah-Sham, Siti Fatimah
name: Abdul-Razak, Suraya
name: Ramli, Anis Safura
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1. The EMPOWER-SUSTAIN Usability Questionnaire (E-SUQ©) Malay Version.
Determination of $α_s$ and $m_c$ in deep-inelastic scattering
Creators: name: Alekhin, S.
name: Blümlein, J.
name: Moch, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the determination of the strong coupling constant $α_s(M_Z^2)$ and of the charm-quark mass $m_c(m_c)$ in the $\bar{\rm MS}$-scheme, based on the QCD analysis of the unpolarized World deep-inelastic scattering data. At NNLO the values of $α_s(M_Z^2)=0.1134\pm 0.0011(\text{exp})$ and $m_c(m_c)=1.24 \pm 0.03 (\text{exp})\,^{+0.03}_{-0.02} (\text{scale})\,^{+0.00}_{-0.07} (\text{th})$ are obtained and are compared with other determinations, also clarifying discrepancies.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of the workshop "Determination of the Fundamental Parameters of QCD", Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 18-22 March 2013
Additional file 1 of Oral administration of DNA alginate nanovaccine induced immune-protection against Helicobacter pylori in Balb/C mice
Creators: name: Kaveh-Samani, Arezo
name: Dalali, Samaneh
name: Kaviani, Fatemeh
name: Piri-Gharaghie, Tohid
name: Doosti, Abbas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary Material 1
Strong Biases in Estimating the Time Dependence of Mass Accretion Rates in Young Stars
Creators: name: Da Rio, Nicola
name: Jeffries, Rob D.
name: Manara, Carlo F.
name: Robberto, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The temporal decay of mass accretion in young stars is a fundamental tracer of the early evolution of circumstellar disks. Through population syntheses, we study how correlated uncertainties between the estimated parameters of young stars (luminosity, temperature, mass, age) and mass accretion rates Mdot, as well as observational selection effects, can bias the temporal decay of mass accretion rates (Mdot t^-eta) inferred from a comparison of measured Mdot with isochronal ages in young stellar clusters. We find that the presence of realistic uncertainties reduces the measured value of eta by up to a factor of 3, leading to the inference of shallower decays than the true value. This suggests a much faster temporal decay of Mdot than generally assumed. When considering the minimum uncertainties in ages affecting the Orion Nebula Cluster, the observed value eta~1.4, typical of Galactic star forming regions, can only be reproduced if the real decay exponent is eta>4. This effect becomes more severe if one assumes that observational uncertainties are larger, as required by some fast star formation scenarios. Our analysis shows that while selection effects due to sample incompleteness do bias eta, they can not alter this main result and strengthen it in many cases. A remaining uncertainty in our work is that it applies to the most commonly used and simple relationship between Mdot, the accretion luminosity and the stellar parameters. We briefly explore how a more complex interplay between these quantities might change the results.
description: MNRAS accepted, 23 pages, 15 figures
Photometric studies of Abell 1664: The subtle effect a minor merger has on cluster galaxies
Creators: name: Kleiner, D.
name: Pimbblet, K. A.
name: Owers, M. S.
name: Jones, D. H.
name: Stephenson, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A combination of $BRI$ photometry and archival Chandra X-ray data have been used to analyse the effects a minor merger has on the galaxy population of A1664. We utilise adaptive smoothing techniques in the 2D spatial distribution of cluster galaxies to reveal substructure $\sim$ 800 kpc South of the cluster core. We identify this substructure as most likely the remnant core of a merging group which has passed pericentre and responsible for triggering a cold front in the cluster core. We define two samples to represent two different environments within A1664 in accordance with the location of the substructure. We apply a morphological analysis using CAS, M$_{20}$ and Gini to these samples to deduce if there has been any significant effect on the cluster galaxies due to this interaction. We find there are more asymmetric galaxies found in the inner sample (at the 3.7$σ$ level) which is likely due to galaxy-galaxy interactions as the merging group passed through core passage. No other differences were found between the inner and outer cluster in our morphological analysis, which we attribute to the limited resolution of our imagery. The colour profiles of the galaxies are found to be consistent with the morphology-density relation suggesting there is no unique environmental effect in A1664 that has enhanced galaxy transformations. This study favours the star formation of cluster galaxies being quenched well before it is able to interact with the merging group and demonstrates that a minor cluster merger has little effect on the observable parameters of cluster galaxies such as morphology and colour.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
title: Physiological Effects of Varying Power Output in a Cycling Time Trial
Creators: name: Liedl, Mark Alan
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1998

description: During a bicycle time trial, varying power slightly to counter external conditions may result in improved performance [Swain, 1997], but it is not known if such power variations result in added physiological stress. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine if variable power (VP) cycling produced greater physiological stress than constant power (CP) cycling of the same mean intensity. Eight trained male cyclists (age 28 ± 2 yr, mass 74.4 ± 2.3 kg, VO2max 4.24 ± 0.13 L•min-1, weekly training 277 ± 44 km) performed three 1 h ergometer trials. The first trial was performed at a self-paced maximal effort. The mean power from that trial was used to determine the power for the CP trial (constant effort at mean power) and the VP trial (alternating between ± 5% of mean power every 5 min). No differences were found between the CP and VP trials in mean VO2 (CP 3.33 ± 0.11 L•min-1, VP 3.26 ± 0.12 L·min-1), mean heart rate (CP 158 ± 3 min-1, VP 159 ± 3 min-1), mean blood lactate concentration (CP 4.2 ± 0.7 mM, VP 4.3 ± 0.7 mM), or mean RPE (CP 13.9 ± 0.4, VP 14.1 ± 0.4). Therefore, during a strenuous 1 h effort (78% of VO2max), subjects experienced no additional physiological stress by varying power ± 5% compared to a constant power effort.
Real structures on moduli spaces of Higgs bundles
Creators: name: Baraglia, David
name: Schaposnik, Laura P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C07, 81T13, 14H70, 14P25, 19L64

description: We construct triples of commuting real structures on the moduli space of Higgs bundles, whose fixed loci are branes of type (B, A, A), (A, B, A) and (A, A, B). We study the real points through the associated spectral data and describe the topological invariants involved using KO, KR and equivariant K-theory.
description: 19 pages
Simulation of high tunnel ventilation using computational fluid dynamics
Creators: name: Lewus, David C.
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: Freestanding high tunnels are cost-effective, plastic film-covered growing structures that use very little to no modern environmental control technology. Natural ventilation is used to control temperature and humidity. This dissertation investigates design and management decisions that impact the high tunnel environment and ventilation, including vent design, high tunnel orientation, plant canopy height, shoulder-season management, and high tunnel row spacing. The main tool used for this investigation was computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations because they can accurately and quickly describe the airflow within a complex system, while allowing for an iterative design process. Field experiments were conducted at the Pennsylvania State University High Tunnel Research and Education Facility (Rock Springs, PA) in order to collect environmental data within and immediately outside of a reference high tunnel. This data was used to validate a CFD model made using commercially available software (ANSYS Fluent), which incorporated the physical processes of energy transfer (convection, conduction, and radiation), turbulence, plant canopy induced drag, plant evapotranspiration, and water vapor transport. The model had a root mean squared error of 1.17 °C (n = 144), showing good agreement between experimental and simulated results since this error is close to the measurement error of the temperature sensors used. Permutations to this base model were made to investigate the research questions posed. These included separate simulations of five roof vent designs, three tunnel orientations, three plant canopy heights, four distinct sets of weather conditions representing the colder periods of the year, and five row spacings for two differently sized tunnels (research size and commercial size). Finally, practical recommendations are presented related to how the findings of this dissertation can be implemented by growers.
Morality and the Glass Ceiling: How Elite Rhetoric Reflects Gendered Strategies and Perspectives
Creators: name: Brisbane, Laura
name: Hua, Whitney
name: Jamieson, Thomas
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
classificationCode: 4499
subject: Other human society
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: AbstractMoral rhetoric presents a strategic dilemma for female politicians, who must navigate stereotypes while appealing to copartisan voters. In this article, we investigate how gender shapes elite moral rhetoric given the influence of partisanship, ideology, gender stereotypes, and moral psychology. Drawing on moral foundations theory, we examine how female and male representatives differ in their emphasis on the five foundations of care, fairness, authority, loyalty, and purity. Using the Moral Foundations Dictionary, we analyze a corpus of 2.23 million tweets by U.S. Congress members between 2013 and 2021. We find that female representatives are more likely to emphasize care and less likely to emphasize authority and loyalty than their male peers. However, when subsetting by party, we find that gender effects are most pronounced among Democrats and largely negligible among Republicans. These findings offer insight into the rhetorical dynamics of political leadership at the intersection of gender and partisan identities.
Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes and Role of Hydroxychloroquine among 522 COVID-19 hospitalized patients in Jaipur City: An Epidemio-Clinical Study.
Creators: name: Bhandari, Sudhir
name: Singh, Ajeet
name: Sharma, Raman
name: Rankawat, Govind
name: Banerjee, S
name: Gupta, Vishal
name: Dube, Amitabh
name: Kakkar, Shivankan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 111502 Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The present study was undertaken to investigate epidemiological distribution, clinical manifestation, co morbid status, treatment strategy and case fatality index of emerging COVID-19 infection at SMS Medical College Hospital, Jaipur, Rajasthan. It also evaluated efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in treatment of patients and risk of serious adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 in relation to their co morbid status.
 The varied spectra of COVID-19 mostly affects young adult age group (third to fifth decades of life). Interestingly, early age group was also affected in significant proportion when compared with similar data from other countries. It was observed that male population seemed to be was more prone to getting infected. Majority of COVID-19 positive patients (nearly three-fourth) were asymptomatic (mostly in young age range) at the time of diagnosis, which poses a major challenge for health care workers. Fever, cough, sore throat and shortness of breath were major symptoms that could be detected in such COVID-19 patients. Symptomatic clinical manifestations were more common in old age population. Infectivity was higher in patients that had underlying co morbid disease, especially in patients with multiple co morbid conditions. Symptomatic presentation of COVID-19 was observed to be higher in patients with co morbid disease. Average recovery time from COVID-19 was 8 days with effective treatment. Mortality in COVID-19 was higher in old age population, male gender, symptomatic and co morbid patients as compared to other similarly matched group. Most of mortality was noted within first few days of admission, suggestive of early mortality due to the primary disease process. Treatment with HCQ had early recovery without effectively influencing the overall mortality.
Can AGN feedback break the self-similarity of galaxies, groups, and clusters?
Creators: name: Gaspari, M.
name: Brighenti, F.
name: Temi, P.
name: Ettori, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is commonly thought that AGN feedback can break the self-similar scaling relations of galaxies, groups, and clusters. Using high-resolution 3D hydrodynamic simulations, we isolate the impact of AGN feedback on the $L_{\rm x}-T_{\rm x} $ relation, testing the two archetypal and common regimes, self-regulated mechanical feedback and a quasar thermal blast. We find that AGN feedback has severe difficulty in breaking the relation in a consistent way. The similarity breaking is directly linked to the gas evacuation within $R_{500}$, while the central cooling times are inversely proportional to the core density. Breaking self-similarity implies thus breaking the cool core, morphing all systems to non-cool-core objects, which is in clear contradiction with the observed data populated by several cool-core systems. Self-regulated feedback, which quenches cooling flows and preserves cool cores, prevents the dramatic evacuation and similarity breaking at any scale; the relation scatter is also limited. The impulsive thermal blast can break the core-included $L_{\rm x}-T_{\rm x}$ at $T_{500} < 1$ keV, but substantially empties and overheats the halo, generating a perennial non-cool-core group, as experienced by cosmological simulations. Even with partial evacuation, massive systems remain overheated. We show the action of purely AGN feedback is to lower the luminosity and heating the gas, perpendicular to the fit.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters; 6 pages, 1 figure
On orbifolds of M-Strings
Creators: name: Haghighat, Babak
name: Kozcaz, Can
name: Lockhart, Guglielmo
name: Vafa, Cumrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider M-theory in the presence of M parallel M5-branes probing a transverse A_{N-1} singularity. This leads to a superconformal theory with (1,0) supersymmetry in six dimensions. We compute the supersymmetric partition function of this theory on a two-torus, with arbitrary supersymmetry preserving twists, using the topological vertex formalism. Alternatively, we show that this can also be obtained by computing the elliptic genus of an orbifold of recently studied M-strings. The resulting 2d theory is a (4,0) supersymmetric quiver gauge theory whose Higgs branch corresponds to strings propagating on the moduli space of SU(N)^{M-1} instantons on R^4 where the right-moving fermions are coupled to a particular bundle.
description: 40 pages, 14 figures
Additional file 1 of A loss-of-function variant in ZCWPW1 causes human male infertility with sperm head defect and high DNA fragmentation
Creators: name: Song, Yuelin
name: Guo, Juncen
name: Zhou, Yanling
name: Wei, Xingjian
name: Li, Jianlan
name: Zhang, Guohui
name: Wang, Hongjing
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. The localization of mutant ZCWPW1 did not alter in vitro. We used anti-Flag antibofy to detected exogenous ZCWPW1 in MUT-ZCWPW1 transfected cells compared to WT-ZCWPW1 transfected cells. Effectively transfected cells were marked with arrowhead. (Scale bars, 10μm). Figure S2. The reduced expression of ZCWPW1 in proband’s sperms. The relative fluorescence intensity analysis normalized by α-Tubulin was shown. Data represent the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Student’s t-test, **P < 0.01.
Prezygapophyseal articular surface morphology in the galagid tail : the influence of tail use and vertebral level
Creators: name: Myers, Lydia Corinne
name: 0000-0001-5749-3334
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Functional morphology
Caudal vertebrae
Primatology
Tail use
Vertical clinging and leaping
Locomotion
Galagid
Zygapophyses

description: Tail use among primates is diverse, with both behavioral and mechanical functions. Primates with tails use them during locomotion to maintain balance on unstable substrates and to direct body motion while leaping. Anatomically, the caudal vertebrae vary based on tail use, although the majority of tail anatomy studies have focused on prehensile tails, with all other forms of tail use lumped into 'non-prehensile'. This distinction conceals the diversity of tail use in the 'non-prehensile' category. For example, vertical clinging and leaping primates use their tails to counterbalance the forces of their body during a leap, which likely impacts their caudal vertebral anatomy in comparison with other primates. The zygapophyses are likely functionally important in tail movements, as they form the synovial joints between the caudal vertebrae. This study evaluates variation in zygapophyseal articular surface morphology between vertical clinging and leaping primates and those that are primarily arboreal quadrupeds. [Micro] CT scans of eight species of galagids were segmented and the proximal caudal vertebrae (those bearing zygapophyses) were extracted as 3D surfaces. The prezygapophyseal articular surfaces were cropped from the 3D surfaces, and measurements of overall curvature, orientation relative to the sagittal plane, and surface area were quantified. Variation was evaluated based on degree of vertical clinging and leaping specialization and vertebral level. Results showed no significant difference in prezygapophyseal articular surface morphology among locomotor specialization categories but significant differences across vertebral levels. These results suggest that locomotor behavior is potentially not the main driver of variation in caudal vertebral anatomy, or that galagids use their tails in similar ways regardless of their locomotor specialization. The results also suggest that there may be variation in movement patterns along the proximal tail. Future analyses of prezygapophyseal articular surface anatomy would benefit from a more diverse, larger sample, and further research into the kinematics of tail use during locomotion.
A geometric characterisation of the quadratic min-power centre
Creators: name: Brazil, M.
name: Ras, C. J.
name: Thomas, D. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90B85, 90B18, 90C27, 90C30, 90C47

description: For a given set of nodes in the plane the min-power centre is a point such that the cost of the star centred at this point and spanning all nodes is minimised. The cost of the star is defined as the sum of the costs of its nodes, where the cost of a node is an increasing function of the length of its longest incident edge. The min-power centre problem provides a model for optimally locating a cluster-head amongst a set of radio transmitters, however, the problem can also be formulated within a bicriteria location model involving the 1-centre and a generalized Fermat-Weber point, making it suitable for a variety of facility location problems. We use farthest point Voronoi diagrams and Delaunay triangulations to provide a complete geometric description of the min-power centre of a finite set of nodes in the Euclidean plane when cost is a quadratic function. This leads to a new linear-time algorithm for its construction when the convex hull of the nodes is given. We also provide an upper bound for the performance of the centroid as an approximation to the quadratic min-power centre. Finally, we briefly describe the relationship between solutions under quadratic cost and solutions under more general cost functions.
Deconvolving X-ray Spectral Variability Components in the Seyfert 1.5 NGC 3227
Creators: name: Arévalo, P.
name: Markowitz, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the variability analysis of a 100 ks XMM-Newton observation of the Seyfert 1.5 active galaxy NGC 3227. The observation found NGC 3227 in a period where its hard power-law component displayed remarkably little long-term variability. This lucky event allows us to observe clearly a soft spectral component undergoing a large-amplitude but slow flux variation. Using combined spectral and timing analysis we isolate two independent variable continuum components and characterize their behavior as a function of timescale. Rapid and coherent variations throughout the 0.2-10 keV band reveal a spectrally hard (photon index ~ 1.7-1.8) power law, dominating the observed variability on timescales of 30 ks and shorter. Another component produces coherent fluctuations in 0.2-2 keV range and is much softer (photon index ~ 3); it dominates the observed variability on timescales greater than 30 ks. Both components are viewed through the same absorbers identified in the time-averaged spectrum. The combined spectral and timing analysis breaks the degeneracy between models for the soft excess: it is consistent with a power-law or thermal Comptonized component, but not with a blackbody or an ionized reflection component. We demonstrate that the rapid variability in NGC 3227 is intrinsic to continuum-emitting components and is not an effect of variable absorption.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures, ApJ accepted
Interpreting the large amplitude X-ray variation of GRS 1915+105 and IGR J17091-3624 as modulations of an accretion disc
Creators: name: Pahari, Mayukh
name: Misra, Ranjeev
name: Mukherjee, Arunava
name: Yadav, J. S.
name: Pandey, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the flux resolved spectroscopy for the first time, we analyse the RXTE/PCA data of the black hole X-ray binaries GRS 1915+105 and IGR J17091-3624, when both sources show large amplitude, quasi-regular oscillations in 2.0-60.0 keV X-ray light curves. For different observations, we extract spectra during the peak (spectrally soft) and dip (spectrally hard) intervals of the oscillation, and find that their spectra are phenomenologically complex, requiring at least two distinct spectral components. Besides a thermal Comptonization component, we find that the disc emission is better modelled by an index-free multicolour disc blackbody component (p-free disc model) rather than that from a standard accretion disc. While the peak and dip spectra are complex, remarkably, their difference spectra constructed by treating dip spectra as the background spectra of the peak spectra, can be modelled as a single p-free disc component. Moreover, the variability at different time-scales and energy bands of the peak flux level is always greater than or equal to the variability of the dip flux level, which strengthens the possibility that the peak flux level may be due to an independent spectral component added to the dip one. We also verify it using joint spectral analysis of peak and dip spectra with a variable emission component. Our result substantiates the standard hypothesis that the oscillations are due to the limit cycle behaviour of an unstable radiation pressure dominated inner disc. However, in this interpretation, the flux variation of the unstable disc can be several order of magnitudes as expected from some theoretical simulations and need not be fine tuned to match the factor ~10 variation seen between the peak and dip levels.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in the MNRAS
Sind Algen und Insekten das Proteinfuttermittel der Zukunft? Ein Literaturüberblick zum Stand der Forschung
Creators: name: Von Jeinsen, Theresa
name: Diekmann, Marie
Publisher: name: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2020

description: Die Nachfrage nach tierischen Produkten steigt und dementsprechend wird auch der Bedarf an Rohprotein, der wichtigsten Futtermittelkomponente für die tierische Ernährung, weiterhin zunehmen. Zur Deckung des Proteinbedarfs ist Europa bereits jetzt auf Sojaimporte aus Süd- und Nordamerika angewiesen. Diese Importe stehen jedoch in der Kritik: neben nachteiligen Effekten auf die Anbauregionen werden auch die entstehenden Abhängigkeiten der Importländer hinterfragt. In Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft wird zunehmen der Einsatz alternativer Proteinquellen in der Tierernährung diskutiert. Ein besonders hohes Potenzial wird dabei Algen- und Insektenproteinen zugesprochen. Der vorliegende Beitrag liefert einen umfassenden Literaturüberblick zum gegenwärtigen Stand der Forschung. Neben den rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen werden die Grundlagen der Kultivierung von Algen und Insekten, ihre ernährungsphysiologischen Eigenschaften sowie die Effekte auf das tierische Endprodukt betrachtet.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Aktuelle Beiträge
Model and Data Documentation for AI: Fostering Transparency, Accountability & Replicability
Creators: name: Kraft, Angelie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data science
subject: Data exchange
subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: Machine learning
subject: Documentation
subject: Transparency
subject: Reproducibility

description: Introduction to Model and Data Cards, documentation schemas that facilitate comprehensive reporting of key information about model architectures, hyperparameters, and detailed dataset characteristics. By standardizing documentation practices, researchers can enhance the reproducibility of experiments, foster collaboration across diverse AI domains, and foster transparency regarding biases and limitations.
Burnout in Medical and Health Science Educators at the Graduate Level in the US
Creators: name: Cleland, Joshua
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences

description: Burnout is a psychological-psychiatric term defined as ''the extinction of motivation or incentive, especially where one's devotion to a cause or relationship fails to produce the desired results”. Burnout syndrome is usually observed in jobs that involve human interaction. The effects of burnout have been well documented in the organizational literature. Factors such as prolonged heavy workloads, insufficient time for personal life, or a paucity of human or material resources can increase the risks of burnout. Pre-pandemic research shows, in academia, burnout has been associated with a decline in faculty members’ ability to teach lack of concentration and creativity, deterioration in mental and physical health and report high turnover intentions. A study in 2019 by Alves and colleagues found that burnout had a direct negative effect on faculty members’ quality of life, regardless of their field of expertise/study. However, this has not been examined in specifically medical and health science educators specifically in the US.
A Density Difference Based Analysis of Orbital--Dependent Exchange--Correlation Functionals
Creators: name: Grabowski, I.
name: Teale, A. M.
name: Fabiano, E.
name: Smiga, S.
name: Buksztel, A.
name: Della Sala, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a density difference based analysis for a range of orbital--dependent Kohn--Sham functionals. Results for atoms, some members of the neon isoelectronic series and small molecules are reported and compared with ab initio wave-function calculations. Particular attention is paid to the quality of approximations to the exchange--only optimized effective potential (OEP) approach: we consider both the Localized Hartree Fock as well as the Krieger-Li-Iafrate methods. Analysis of density differences at the exchange--only level reveals the impact the approximations have on the resulting electronic densities. These differences are further quantified in terms of the ground state energies, frontier orbital energy differences and highest occupied orbital energies obtained. At the correlated level an OEP approach based on a perturbative second--order correlation energy expression is shown to deliver results comparable with those from traditional wave function approaches, making it suitable for use as a benchmark against which to compare standard density--functional approximations.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures
Fibroblast spheroids and other models of wound healing and infectivity
Creators: name: Virador, Victoria
name: Tehrani, Niloufar
name: Adkins, Spencer
name: Devlin, Alex
name: Virador, Gabriel
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2020

description: The goal of our research is to create a functional in vitro 3D model of skin for the purpose of experimentation.
Additional file 1 of Anodal HD-tDCS on the dominant anterior temporal lobe and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: clinical results in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Creators: name: Rezakhani, Soheila
name: Amiri, Mahmood
name: Hassani, Atefe
name: Esmaeilpour, Khadijeh
name: Sheibani, Vahid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Figure A1. In both left DLPFC and DATL groups, the achieved MoCA scores in two weeks, one, and three months after the intervention were statistically higher than the baseline score (p-value≤0.05). There was no significant difference in the achieved MoCA scores for patients in the Sham group during the same time intervals with respect to the study baseline. “*” shows the statistically significant cases regarding the baseline. The data are presented using mean ± SD (Standard Deviation). (MoCA: Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Left DLPFC: Left Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, DATL: Dominant anterior temporal lobe). Table A1. Comparison of MoCA sub-scale mean scores between groups. Table A2. The Bonferroni post hoc tests of MoCA sub-scale mean scores during different time intervals between groups. Table A3. The results of Bonferroni post hoc test of MOCA sub-scale mean scores in different groups.
Immagini della scrittura e metafore dell?atto creativo
Creators: name: Pasetto, Cristiana
name: Spadafora, Margherita
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: Questo volume propone una riflessione intorno al tema della scrittura, intesa sia come atto concreto dello scrivere sia, in senso pi� ampio, come pratica dell?attivit� letteraria e processo di generazione creativa. Nata dai lavori del Seminario interdisciplinare Immagini della scrittura e metafore dell?atto creativo, svoltosi presso il Dipartimento di Lettere e Filosofia dell?Universit� degli Studi di Trento nel novembre 2017, tale riflessione � qui arricchita con nuovi sviluppi e ulteriori contributi. I saggi raccolti afferiscono ad ambiti disciplinari molto vari ? dalla paleografia all?antropologia alla storia della lingua e della letteratura ? interessando diverse aree geografiche e attraversando un arco temporale che, dall?antichit� classica, giunge fino alla contemporaneit�. Il passaggio dall?oralit� alla scrittura, il succedersi di differenti supporti e tecniche scrittorie, il progressivo ampliarsi dell?orizzonte metaforico sotteso all?atto dello scrivere, accompagnano e scandiscono il mutamento dei contesti storico-culturali, divenendo espressione di differenti civilt�, culture e, all?interno di queste, di scrittori o scriventi diversi.
An Alternative Accurate Tracer of Molecular Clouds: The "$X_{\rm CI}$-Factor"
Creators: name: Offner, Stella S. R.
name: Bisbas, Thomas G.
name: Bell, Tom A.
name: Viti, Serena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the utility of CI as an alternative high-fidelity gas mass tracer for Galactic molecular clouds. We evaluate the X$_{\rm CI}$-factor for the 609 $μ$m carbon line, the analog of the CO X-factor, which is the ratio of the H$_2$ column density to the integrated $^{12}$CO(1-0) line intensity. We use 3D-PDR to post-process hydrodynamic simulations of turbulent, star-forming clouds. We compare the emission of CI and CO for model clouds irradiated by 1 and 10 times the average background and demonstrate that CI is a comparable or superior tracer of the molecular gas distribution for column densities up to $6 \times 10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$. Our results hold for both reduced and full chemical networks. For our fiducial Galactic cloud we derive an average $X_{\rm CO}$ of $3.0\times 10^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$km$^{-1}$s and $X_{\rm CI}$ of $1.1\times 10^{21}$ cm$^{-2}$K$^{-1}$km$^{-1}$s.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, accepted to MNRAS Letters
Petroleum Geochemistry Research Laboratory (PGRL) Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Method
Creators: name: Murphy, Christopher C
name: Oliver, Thomas A
name: Warden, Augusta
Publisher: name: U.S. Geological Survey
Year: 2020
Subjects: PGRL, Petroleum Geochemistry Research Laboratory, FTIR, ATR-FTIR, ATR_FTIR on shale or rock

description: This Petroleum Geochemistry Research Laboratory (PGRL) method is based on the sections contained in the American Society for Testing and Materials Standard Practices for Internal Reflection Spectroscopy standard (ASTM International, reapproved 2013) method that pertain to Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) theory, use of an Attenuated Total Reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) instrument, and qualitative analysis of powdered samples.
Transpiration theory and the Prospero component of GEOframe
Creators: name: Bottazzi, Michele
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2020

description: Evapotranspiration plays a key role in the land-atmosphere interaction and has for long been recognized as the most important process in the determination of the exchanges of energy and mass among them, representing approximately the 40% of total precipitation and of the net radiation absorbed. Our ability to quantify evapotranspiration is limited by several factors such as the scarce availability of its measurements and the high uncertainty they present; and the lack of appropriate modeling methods, as highlighted by some recent papers and its response to climate change ('drought paradox'). In the first part of this thesis we present an extensive literature review of the transpiration theory starting from the milestones until the newest works. In particular we focused on the physics of the process and faced some omissions rising from recent studies. We also addressed some physiological feature of transpiration process and the rising issues from the upscaling techniques.Later on we introduced a newly developed model called "Prospero", used to estimate the evapotranspiration, that can be used as a component in the GEOframe hydrological modelling system. The physical description of the process provided by Prospero is in agreement with what emerged from the previous literature review and in particular corrects the omissions given by the feedback of the leaf temperature and the wrong representation of the transpiring area, further improved with the inclusion of a model of canopy layers. In addition, it also includes several environmental stress functions based on the physiology of the leaves. These improvements allow the closure of the energy balance and the conservation of the water mass.Finally the Prospero model is applied on two case studies: the first one is pointwise case study represented by two Alpine grasslands (Viote del Monte Bondone, Trentino and Torgnon, Valle d'Aosta) where the estimation of Prospero evapotranspiration is compared with eddy covariance station measurements, and the second one is represented by a small experimental basin in Ressi (Posina, Veneto). Even if not calibrated, Prospero provides good results in the prediction of evapotranspiration, capturing the daily trend and obtaining an error that can be compared with what was found in literature for similar cases. The estimation provided, even if it presents a greater dispersion, gives better results when compared to the other components of GEOframe. In both case studies the performance of Prospero is compared with the other GEOframe components for evapotranspiration. To this result, Prospero represents an improvement since it gives better performances if compared with the other GEOframe components and allow us to compute other environmental variable like sensible heat and canopy temperature. Thanks to its components-based structure Prospero can be easily improved and represents the core for a future ecohydrological or a lysimiter model.
Sparse Processing Methodologies Based on Compressive Sensing for Directions of Arrival Estimation
Creators: name: Hannan, Mohammad Abdul
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2020

description: In this dissertation, sparse processing of signals for directions-of-arrival (DoAs) estimation is addressed in the framework of Compressive Sensing (CS). In particular, DoAs estimation problem for different types of sources, systems, and applications are formulated in the CS paradigm. In addition, the fundamental conditions related to the ``Sparsity'' and ``Linearity'' are carefully exploited in order to apply confidently the CS-based methodologies. Moreover, innovative strategies for various systems and applications are developed, validated numerically, and analyzed extensively for different scenarios including signal to noise ratio (SNR), mutual coupling, and polarization loss. The more realistic data from electromagnetic (EM) simulators are often considered for various analysis to validate the potentialities of the proposed approaches. The performances of the proposed estimators are analyzed in terms of standard root-mean-square error (RMSE) with respect to different degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) of DoAs estimation problem including number of elements, number of signals, and signal properties. The outcomes reported in this thesis suggest that the proposed estimators are computationally efficient (i.e., appropriate for real time estimations), robust (i.e., appropriate for different heterogeneous scenarios), and versatile (i.e., easily adaptable for different systems).
Nibea albiflora genome and annotation
Creators: name: Li, Wanbo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Herein, using HiFi (high-fidelity) reads generated with the PacBio circular consensus sequencing mode, we assembled and annotated a male genome of the yellow drum. The genome sequence assembly has a contig N50 size of 22.37 Mb and 98.17% of sequence length of contigs can be assigned to 24 chromosomes via Hi-C interaction data.