cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A 1D Reduced-Order Model (ROM) for a Novel Latent Thermal Energy Storage System
Creators: name: Kailkhura, Gargi
name: Mandel, Raphael Kahat
name: Shooshtari, Amir
name: Ohadi, Michael
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: phase change materials
encapsulation
latent thermal energy storage
analytical
reduced-order model
radial conduction
cylindrical geometry
tube bank
transient heat transfer
additive manufacturing

description: Phase change material (PCM)-based thermal energy storage (TES) systems are widely used for repeated intermittent heating and cooling applications. However, such systems typically face some challenges due to the low thermal conductivity and expensive encapsulation process of PCMs. The present study overcomes these challenges by proposing a lightweight, low-cost, and low thermal resistance TES system that realizes a fluid-to-PCM additively manufactured metal-polymer composite heat exchanger (HX), based on our previously developed cross-media approach. A robust and simplified, analytical-based, 1D reduced-order model (ROM) was developed to compute the TES system performance, saving computational time compared to modeling the entire TES system using PCM-related transient CFD modeling. The TES model was reduced to a segment-level model comprising a single PCM-wire cylindrical domain based on the tube-bank geometry formed by the metal fin-wires. A detailed study on the geometric behavior of the cylindrical domain and the effect of overlapped areas, where the overlapped areas represent a deviation from 1D assumption on the TES performance, was conducted. An optimum geometric range of wire-spacings and size was identified. The 1D ROM assumes 1D radial conduction inside the PCM and analytically computes latent energy stored in the single PCM-wire cylindrical domain using thermal resistance and energy conservation principles. The latent energy is then time-integrated for the entire TES, making the 1D ROM computationally efficient. The 1D ROM neglects sensible thermal capacity and is thus applicable for the low Stefan number applications in the present study. The performance parameters of the 1D ROM were then validated with a 2D axisymmetric model, typically used in the literature, using commercially available CFD tools. For validation, a parametric study of a wide range of non-dimensionalized parameters, depending on applications ranging from pulsed-power cooling to peak-load shifting for building cooling application, is included in this paper. The 1D ROM appears to correlate well with the 2D axisymmetric model to within 10%, except at some extreme ranges of a few of the non-dimensional parameters, which lead to the condition of axial conduction inside the PCM, deviating from the 1D ROM.
Strand-Specific RNA-Seq Analyses of Fruiting Body Development in Coprinopsis cinerea
Creators: name: Kozaki, Toshinori
name: Yoshida, Makoto
name: Ishii, Kazuo
name: Nakahori, Kiyoshi
name: Choi, Cindy
name: Muraguchi, Hajime
name: Ngan, Chew Yee
name: Tritt, Andrew
name: Lipzen, Anna
name: Lindquist, Eika
name: Sakai, Kiyota
name: Shimizu, Motoyuki
name: Sakamoto, Yuichi
name: Barry, Kerrie
name: Umezawa, Kiwamu
name: Niikura, Mai
name: Haridas, Sajeet
name: Pukkila, Patricia J.
name: Grigoriev, Igor V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The basidiomycete fungus Coprinopsis cinerea is an important model system for multicellular development. Fruiting bodies of C. cinerea are typical mushrooms, which can be produced synchronously on defined media in the laboratory. To investigate the transcriptome in detail during fruiting body development, high-throughput sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed using cDNA libraries strand-specifically constructed from 13 points (stages/tissues) with two biological replicates. The reads were aligned to 14,245 predicted transcripts, and counted for forward and reverse transcripts. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two adjacent points and between vegetative mycelium and each point were detected by Tag Count Comparison (TCC). To validate RNA-seq data, expression levels of selected genes were compared using RPKM values in RNA-seq data and qRT-PCR data, and DEGs detected in microarray data were examined in MA plots of RNA-seq data by TCC. We discuss events deduced from GO analysis of DEGs. In addition, we uncovered both transcription factor candidates and antisense transcripts that are likely to be involved in developmental regulation for fruiting.
Targeting Artificial Tumor Stromal Targets for Molecular Imaging of Tumor Vascular Hypoxia
Creators: name: Sharma, Sunil
name: Vang, Kieng B.
name: Raleigh, James A.
name: Dings, Ruud P. M.
name: Levy, Joseph
name: Jamshidi-Parsian, Azemat
name: Koonce, Nathan A.
name: Griffin, Robert J.
name: Hardee, Matthew E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Developed and tested for many years, a variety of tumor hypoxia detection methods have been inconsistent in their ability to predict treatment outcomes or monitor treatment efficacy, limiting their present prognostic capability. These variable results might stem from the fact that these approaches are based on inherently wide-ranging global tumor oxygenation levels based on uncertain influences of necrotic regions present in most solid tumors. Here, we have developed a novel non-invasive and specific method for tumor vessel hypoxia detection, as hypoxemia (vascular hypoxia) has been implicated as a key driver of malignant progression, therapy resistance and metastasis. This method is based on high-frequency ultrasound imaging of α-pimonidazole targeted-microbubbles to the exogenously administered hypoxia marker pimonidazole. The degree of tumor vessel hypoxia was assessed in three mouse models of mammary gland carcinoma (4T1, SCK and MMTV-Wnt-1) and amassed up to 20% of the tumor vasculature. In the 4T1 mammary gland carcinoma model, the signal strength of α-pimonidazole targeted-microbubbles was on average 8-fold fold higher in tumors of pimonidazole-injected mice than in non-pimonidazole injected tumor bearing mice or non-targeted microbubbles in pimonidazole-injected tumor bearing mice. Overall, this provides proof of principle for generating and targeting artificial antigens able to be ‘created’ on-demand under tumor specific microenvironmental conditions, providing translational diagnostic, therapeutic and treatment planning potential in cancer and other hypoxia-associated diseases or conditions.
New Sex Chromosomes in Lake Victoria Cichlid Fishes (Cichlidae: Haplochromini)
Creators: name: Kocher, Thomas D.
name: Behrens, Kristen A.
name: Conte, Matthew A.
name: Aibara, Mitsuto
name: Mrosso, Hillary D. J.
name: Green, Elizabeth C. J.
name: Kidd, Michael R.
name: Nikaido, Masato
name: Koblmüller, Stephan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: sex determination
sexually antagonistic selection

description: African cichlid fishes harbor an extraordinary diversity of sex-chromosome systems. Within just one lineage, the tribe Haplochromini, at least 6 unique sex-chromosome systems have been identified. Here we focus on characterizing sex chromosomes in cichlids from the Lake Victoria basin. In Haplochromis chilotes, we identified a new ZW system associated with the white blotch color pattern, which shows substantial sequence differentiation over most of LG16, and is likely to be present in related species. In Haplochromis sauvagei, we found a coding polymorphism in amh that may be responsible for an XY system on LG23. In Pundamilia nyererei, we identified a feminizing effect of B chromosomes together with XY- and ZW-patterned differentiation on LG23. In Haplochromis latifasciatus, we identified a duplication of amh that may be present in other species of the Lake Victoria superflock. We further characterized the LG5-14 XY system in Astatotilapia burtoni and identified the oldest stratum on LG14. This species also showed ZW differentiation on LG2. Finally, we characterized an XY system on LG7 in Astatoreochromis alluaudi. This report brings the number of distinct sex-chromosome systems in haplochromine cichlids to at least 13, and highlights the dynamic evolution of sex determination and sex chromosomes in this young lineage.
Transforming magnets
Creators: name: Sun, F.
name: He, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the form-invariant of Maxwell's equations under coordinate transformations, we extend the theory of transformation optics to transformation magneto-statics, which can design magnets through coordinate transformations. Some novel DC magnetic field illusions created by magnets (e.g. shirking magnets, cancelling magnets and overlapping magnets) are designed and verified by numerical simulations. Our research will open a new door to designing magnets and controlling DC magnetic fields.
Earth Mover’s Distance-Based Tool for Rapid Screening of Cervical Cancer Using Cervigrams
Creators: name: Shrivastav, Kumar Dron
name: Arambam, Priyadarshini
name: Batra, Shelly
name: Bhatia, Vandana
name: Singh, Harpreet
name: Jaggi, Vinita Kumar
name: Ranjan, Priya
name: Abed, Eyad H.
name: Janardhanan, Rajiv
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: cervical cancer
cervigrams
colposcopy
early detection
screening

description: Cervical cancer is a major public health challenge that can be cured with early diagnosis and timely treatment. This challenge formed the rationale behind our design and development of an intelligent and robust image analysis and diagnostic tool/scale, namely “OM—The OncoMeter”, for which we used R (version-3.6.3) and Linux (Ubuntu-20.04) to tag and triage patients in order of their disease severity. The socio-demographic profiles and cervigrams of 398 patients evaluated at OPDs of Batra Hospital & Medical Research Centre, New Delhi, India, and Delhi State Cancer Institute (East), New Delhi, India, were acquired during the course of this study. Tested on 398 India-specific women’s cervigrams, the scale yielded significant achievements, with 80.15% accuracy, a sensitivity of 84.79%, and a specificity of 66.66%. The statistical analysis of sociodemographic profiles showed significant associations of age, education, annual income, occupation, and menstrual health with the health of the cervix, where a p-value less than (<) 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The deployment of cervical cancer screening tools such as “OM—The OncoMeter” in live clinical settings of resource-limited healthcare infrastructure will facilitate early diagnosis in a non-invasive manner, leading to a timely clinical intervention for infected patients upon detection even during primary healthcare (PHC).
The Commonality of Loss Aversion across Procedures and Stimuli
Creators: name: Kim, Byoung W.
name: Lee, Myung J.
name: Blood, Anne J.
name: Breiter, Hans C.
name: Gilman, Jodi M.
name: Kuhnen, Camelia M.
name: Kuster, John K.
name: Lee, Sang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Individuals tend to give losses approximately 2-fold the weight that they give gains. Such approximations of loss aversion (LA) are almost always measured in the stimulus domain of money, rather than objects or pictures. Recent work on preference-based decision-making with a schedule-less keypress task (relative preference theory, RPT) has provided a mathematical formulation for LA similar to that in prospect theory (PT), but makes no parametric assumptions in the computation of LA, uses a variable tied to communication theory (i.e., the Shannon entropy or information), and works readily with non-monetary stimuli. We evaluated if these distinct frameworks described similar LA in healthy subjects, and found that LA during the anticipation phase of the PT-based task correlated significantly with LA related to the RPT-based task. Given the ease with which non-monetary stimuli can be used on the Internet, or in animal studies, these findings open an extensive range of applications for the study of loss aversion. Furthermore, the emergence of methodology that can be used to measure preference for both social stimuli and money brings a common framework to the evaluation of preference in both social psychology and behavioral economics.
Effect of Assimilating SMAP Soil Moisture on CO2 and CH4 Fluxes through Direct Insertion in a Land Surface Model
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Chatterjee, Abhishek
name: Ott, Lesley
name: Reichle, Rolf
name: Feldman, Andrew F.
name: Poulter, Benjamin
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: data assimilation
land surface model
methane
remote sensing
dynamics global vegetation model

description: Soil moisture impacts the biosphere–atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 and plays an important role in the terrestrial carbon cycle. A better representation of soil moisture would improve coupled carbon–water dynamics in terrestrial ecosystem models and could potentially improve model estimates of large-scale carbon fluxes and climate feedbacks. Here, we investigate using soil moisture observations from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission to inform simulated carbon fluxes in the global terrestrial ecosystem model LPJ-wsl. Results suggest that the direct insertion of SMAP reduces the bias in simulated soil moisture at in situ measurement sites by 40%, with a greater improvement at temperate sites. A wavelet analysis between the model and measurements from 26 FLUXNET sites suggests that the assimilated run modestly reduces the bias of simulated carbon fluxes for boreal and subtropical sites at 1–2-month time scales. At regional scales, SMAP soil moisture can improve the estimated responses of CO2 and CH4 fluxes to extreme events such as the 2018 European drought and the 2019 rainfall event in the Sudd (Southern Sudan) wetlands. The simulated improvements to land–surface carbon fluxes using the direct insertion of SMAP are shown across a variety of timescales, which suggests the potential of SMAP soil moisture in improving the model representation of carbon–water coupling.
The Effect of U.S. University Students' Problematic Internet Use on Family Relationships: A Mixed-Methods Investigation
Creators: name: Howard, Matthew O.
name: O’Brien, Jennifer E.
name: Snyder, Susan M.
name: Li, Wen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This is the first study to investigate how college students in the U.S. with problematic Internet use perceive the role the Internet plays within their families of origin. The sample included 27 U.S. university students who self-identified as excessive Internet users. Participants reported spending more than 25 hours a week on the Internet on non-school or non-work-related activities and reported Internet-associated health and/or psychosocial problems. This study provides descriptive statistics from participants' completion of two problematic Internet use measures (i.e., Young's Diagnostic Questionnaire and the Compulsive Internet Use Scale) and reports findings from four focus groups. Three themes emerged from the focus groups: (1) family connectedness, (2) family conflict/family disconnection, and (3) family Internet overuse. The findings of this study are a first step toward the design of effective interventions for problematic Internet use among U.S. college students and serve to inform clinical practice and health policy in this area.
Ergodic extensions and Hilbert modules associated to endomorphisms of MASAS
Creators: name: Kakariadis, Evgenios T. A.
name: Peters, Justin R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47C15, 37A55, 46L55, 46C10

description: We show that a class of ergodic transformations on a probability measure space $(X,μ)$ extends to a representation of $\mathcal{B}(L^2(X,μ))$ that is both implemented by a Cuntz family and ergodic. This class contains several known examples, which are unified in this work. During the analysis of the existence and uniqueness of such a Cuntz family we give several results of individual interest. Most notably we prove a decomposition of $X$ for $N$-to-one local homeomorphisms that is connected to the orthonormal basis of Hilbert modules. We remark that the trivial Hilbert module of the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_N$ does not have a well-defined Hilbert module basis (moreover that it is unitarily equivalent to the module sum $\sum_{i=1}^n \mathcal{O}_N$ for infinitely many $n \in \mathbb{N}$).
description: 14 pages
The Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation by Implementation Intentions
Creators: name: Woodruff, Peter W. R.
name: Hallam, Glyn P.
name: Webb, Thomas L.
name: Wilkinson, Iain D.
name: Miles, Eleanor
name: Farrow, Tom F. D.
name: Totterdell, Peter
name: Hunter, Michael D.
name: Barker, Anthony T.
name: Sheeran, Paschal
name: Lindquist, Kristen A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Several studies have investigated the neural basis of effortful emotion regulation (ER) but the neural basis of automatic ER has been less comprehensively explored. The present study investigated the neural basis of automatic ER supported by ‘implementation intentions’. 40 healthy participants underwent fMRI while viewing emotion-eliciting images and used either a previously-taught effortful ER strategy, in the form of a goal intention (e.g., try to take a detached perspective), or a more automatic ER strategy, in the form of an implementation intention (e.g., “If I see something disgusting, then I will think these are just pixels on the screen!”), to regulate their emotional response. Whereas goal intention ER strategies were associated with activation of brain areas previously reported to be involved in effortful ER (including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), ER strategies based on an implementation intention strategy were associated with activation of right inferior frontal gyrus and ventro-parietal cortex, which may reflect the attentional control processes automatically captured by the cue for action contained within the implementation intention. Goal intentions were also associated with less effective modulation of left amygdala, supporting the increased efficacy of ER under implementation intention instructions, which showed coupling of orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala. The findings support previous behavioural studies in suggesting that forming an implementation intention enables people to enact goal-directed responses with less effort and more efficiency.
Symmetric Relative Equilibria in the Four-Vortex Problem with Three Equal Vorticities
Creators: name: Perez-Chavela, Ernesto
name: Santoprete, Manuele
name: Tamayo, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 76F20, 74F10

description: We examine in detail the relative equilibria of the 4-vortex problem when three vortices have equal strength, that is, $Γ_{1} = Γ_{2} = Γ_{3} = 1$, and $Γ_{4}$ is a real parameter. We give the exact number of relative equilibria and bifurcation values. We also study the relative equilibria in the vortex rhombus problem.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1301.6194 by other authors
The Non-Catalytic Domains of Drosophila Katanin Regulate Its Abundance and Microtubule-Disassembly Activity
Creators: name: Rogers, Stephen L.
name: Grode, Kyle D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Microtubule severing is a biochemical reaction that generates an internal break in a microtubule and regulation of microtubule severing is critical for cellular processes such as ciliogenesis, morphogenesis, and meiosis and mitosis. Katanin is a conserved heterodimeric ATPase that severs and disassembles microtubules, but the molecular determinants for regulation of microtubule severing by katanin remain poorly defined. Here we show that the non-catalytic domains of Drosophila katanin regulate its abundance and activity in living cells. Our data indicate that the microtubule-interacting and trafficking (MIT) domain and adjacent linker region of the Drosophila katanin catalytic subunit Kat60 cooperate to regulate microtubule severing in two distinct ways. First, the MIT domain and linker region of Kat60 decrease its abundance by enhancing its proteasome-dependent degradation. The Drosophila katanin regulatory subunit Kat80, which is required to stabilize Kat60 in cells, conversely reduces the proteasome-dependent degradation of Kat60. Second, the MIT domain and linker region of Kat60 augment its microtubule-disassembly activity by enhancing its association with microtubules. On the basis of our data, we propose that the non-catalytic domains of Drosophila katanin serve as the principal sites of integration of regulatory inputs, thereby controlling its ability to sever and disassemble microtubules.
Highest Weight Generating Functions for Hilbert Series
Creators: name: Hanany, Amihay
name: Kalveks, Rudolph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new method for representing Hilbert series based on the highest weight Dynkin labels of their underlying symmetry groups. The method draws on plethystic functions and character generating functions along with Weyl integration. We give explicit examples showing how the use of such highest weight generating functions (HWGs) permits an efficient encoding and analysis of the Hilbert series of the vacuum moduli spaces of classical and exceptional SQCD theories and also of the moduli spaces of instantons. We identify how the HWGs of gauge invariant operators of a selection of classical and exceptional SQCD theories result from the interaction under symmetrisation between a product group and the invariant tensors of its gauge group. In order to calculate HWGs, we derive and tabulate character generating functions for low rank groups by a variety of methods, including a general character generating function, based on the Weyl Character Formula, for any classical or exceptional group.
description: 76 pages
First-principles study of superconducting Rare-earth doped CaFe2As2
Creators: name: Sanna, A.
name: Profeta, G.
name: Massidda, S.
name: Gross, E. K. U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a systematic and ab-initio electronic structure calculation of Ca0.75 M0.25 Fe2 As2 with M = Ca, Sr, Eu, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Na, K, Rb. The recently reported experimentally observed structural trends in rare earths-doped CaFe2 As2 compounds are successfully predicted and a complete theoretical description of the pressure induced orthorhombic to collapsed tetragonal transition is given. We demonstrate that the transition pressure is reduced by electron doping and rises linearly with the ionic size of the dopants. We discuss the implications of our description for the realization of a superconducting phase.
The Relationship between Alcohol Outlets, HIV Risk Behavior, and HSV-2 Infection among South African Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Creators: name: Twine, Rhian
name: Laeyendecker, Oliver
name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Gómez-Olivé, F. Xavier
name: Miller, William C.
name: Van Rie, Annelies
name: Hughes, James P.
name: Kahn, Kathleen
name: Pettifor, Audrey
name: Emch, Michael
name: Selin, Amanda
name: Rosenberg, Molly
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Alcohol consumption has a disinhibiting effect that may make sexual risk behaviors and disease transmission more likely. The characteristics of alcohol-serving outlets (e.g. music, dim lights, lack of condoms) may further encourage risky sexual activity. We hypothesize that frequenting alcohol outlets will be associated with HIV risk.
Risks and Protective Factors of Hispanic Families and Their Young Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Creators: name: Cabrera, Natasha
name: He, Minxuan
name: Chen, Yu
name: Reich, Stephanie M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: COVID-19
parental stress
parental engagement
socioemotional problems and skills
positivity
coparenting support

description: This study examines the risk-related factors during the pandemic and protective factors that might reduce its effects on family functioning in a sample of 161 low-income Hispanic parents in the United States, recruited from an ongoing longitudinal intervention study. They were surveyed about family functioning six months into the pandemic. We focused on the associations between social (e.g., exposure to the virus) and economic (e.g., job loss) pandemic-related risks on parental stress, parenting, and children’s socioemotional problems and skills, as well as the degree to which coparenting support, parents’ positivity, economic support, and access to services and information mitigated (protected) the negative effects of these stressors on family functioning. We found that increases in economic risk were associated with more child competence skills, whereas increases in social risk were associated with less parental engagement. Positivity and economic support moderated the effects of economic risk on parental stress and engagement. These findings show that to intervene effectively with low-income Hispanic families, we need to strengthen and support the resources for coping with adversity.
On Quantizer Design for Distributed Bayesian Estimation in Sensor Networks
Creators: name: Vempaty, Aditya
name: He, Hao
name: Chen, Biao
name: Varshney, Pramod K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the problem of distributed estimation under the Bayesian criterion and explore the design of optimal quantizers in such a system. We show that, for a conditionally unbiased and efficient estimator at the fusion center and when local observations have identical distributions, it is optimal to partition the local sensors into groups, with all sensors within a group using the same quantization rule. When all the sensors use identical number of decision regions, use of identical quantizers at the sensors is optimal. When the network is constrained by the capacity of the wireless multiple access channel over which the sensors transmit their quantized observations, we show that binary quantizers at the local sensors are optimal under certain conditions. Based on these observations, we address the location parameter estimation problem and present our optimal quantizer design approach. We also derive the performance limit for distributed location parameter estimation under the Bayesian criterion and find the conditions when the widely used threshold quantizer achieves this limit. We corroborate this result using simulations. We then relax the assumption of conditionally independent observations and derive the optimality conditions of quantizers for conditionally dependent observations. Using counter-examples, we also show that the previous results do not hold in this setting of dependent observations and, therefore, identical quantizers are not optimal.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures, submitted to IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
Program for the Fall 2023 MARAC Meeting: Navigating the Turn: Re-Appraising the Archival Career
Creators: name: MARAC: Mid-Atlantic Regional Archives Conference
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2023

description: The program for the Fall 2023 MARAC meeting, "Navigating the Turn: Re-Appraising the Archival Career" held October 19-21 in Saratoga Springs, New York.
The State of Social Media Policies in Higher Education
Creators: name: Hank, Carolyn
name: Pomerantz, Jeffrey
name: Sugimoto, Cassidy R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This paper presents an analysis of the current state of development of social media policies at institution of higher education. Content analysis of social media policies for all institutions listed in the Carnegie Classification Data File revealed that less than one-quarter of institutions had an accessible social media policy. Analysis was done by institution and campus unit, finding that social media policies were most likely to appear at doctorate-granting institutions and health, athletics, and library units. Policies required that those affiliated with the institution post appropriate content, represent the unit appropriately, and moderate conversations with coworkers and external agencies. This analysis may inform the development and revision of social media policies across the field of higher education, taking into consideration the rapidly changing landscape of social media, issues of academic freedom, and notions of interoperability with policies at the unit and campus levels.
The Utility of an Online Convenience Panel for Reaching Rare and Dispersed Populations
Creators: name: Conron, Kerith
name: Sell, Randall
name: Goldberg, Shoshana
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Gaps in data collection systems, as well as challenges associated with gathering data from rare and dispersed populations, render current health surveillance systems inadequate to identify and monitor efforts to reduce health disparities. Using sexual and gender minorities we investigated the utility of using a large nonprobability online panel to conduct rapid population assessments of such populations using brief surveys. Surveys of the Google Android Panel (four assessing sexual orientation and one assessing gender identity and sex assigned at birth) were conducted resulting in invitation of 53,739 application users (37,505 of whom viewed the invitation) to generate a total of 34,759 who completed screening questions indicating their sexual orientation, or gender identity and sex at birth. Where possible we make comparisons to similar data from two population-based surveys (NHIS and NESARC). We found that 99.4% to 100.0% of respondents across our Google Android panel samples completed the screening questions and 97.8% to 99.2% of those that consented to participate in our surveys indicated they were “OK” with the content of surveys that assessed sexual orientation and sex/gender. In our Google Android panel samples there was a higher percentage of sexual minority respondents than in either NHIS or NESARC with 7.4% of men and 12.4% of women reporting gay, lesbian or bisexual identities. The proportion sexual minority was 2.8 to 5.6 times higher in the Google Android panel samples than was found in the 2012 NHIS sample, for men and women, respectively. The percentage of “transgender” identified individuals in the Google sample was 0.7%, which is similar to 0.5% transgender identified through the Massachusetts BRFSS, and using a transgender status item we found that 2.0% of the overall sample fit could be classified as transgender. The Google samples sometimes more closely approximated national averages for ethnicity and race than NHIS.
The effect of Ti to the crystal structure of Li7-3xMxLa3Zr1.8Ti0.2O12 (M= Ga, In) garnet-type solid electrolytes as a second dopant
Creators: name: Saran, Sevda
name: Eker, Yasin Ramazan
name: Ateş, Şule
name: Çelik, Gültekin
name: Baveghar, Hadi
name: Özkendir, Osman Murat
name: Atav, Ülfet
name: Klysubun, Wantana
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Garnet-type solid-state electrolytes are promising candidates for solid-state lithium batteries, nevertheless their ionic conductivity is still not enough for commercial applications. On the other hand, doping still is the common way to improve the ionic conductivities of these solid electrolytes. In this study, mono and dual-doped garnet-type solid electrolytes were synthesised by substituting indium (In), gallium (Ga), indium-titanium (In-Ti) and gallium-titanium (Ga-Ti) to the Li7La3Zr2O12 structure by a solid-state reaction method. The contribution of substitutions to the formation of crystal phases was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). On the other hand, morphological analyses were done by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the ionic conductivities of the solid electrolytes were determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The study showed that while Li7-3xInxLa3Zr2O12 (for x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) and Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr2O12 (for x = 0.05) samples were formed in tetragonal phase with a space group of I41/acd:2, dual substituted Li7-3xInxLa3Zr1.8Ti0.2O12 and Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr1.8Ti0.2O12 solid electrolytes for all x values were formed in cubic phase with a space group of I-43d. The highest conductivity is reached for Li6.85Ga0.05La3Zr1.8Ti0.2O12. The radial distribution function studies showed that when more In and Ga atoms take place in the sites of Li atoms, more O atoms take place in the vicinity of both substituted In and Ga atoms within the Li7La3Zr1.8Ti0.2O12 (LLZTO) crystal framework which can eventuate in a change in the conduction mechanism.
Using Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) for parameter inference in SimInf
Creators: name: Widgren, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The objectives of OH-EJP FULL_FORCE WP5 (modelling) are to address: i) gaps in quantitative
 knowledge on the spread of AMR which will be essential to direct future focused research, ii) insight
 in the uncertainty around the effect of measures reducing AMR prevalence in the food production
 chains, and iii) identification of key elements in the production chains to mitigate the risk of human
 exposure. Estimating model parameters from observed data is a major challenge in stochastic
 modelling. However, it is a necessary and critical step to evaluate a model's explanatory power.
 Parameterization is preferably conducted within a Bayesian framework, and in this document, we will
 focus on Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) (Toni et al., 2009), a simulation-based
 computational approach for parameterisation of complex problems, for example, in epidemiology
 (McKinley et el., 2018).
The Viral Mimetic Polyinosinic:Polycytidylic Acid Alters the Growth Characteristics of Small Intestinal and Colonic Crypt Cultures
Creators: name: von Furstenberg, Richard J.
name: Abreu, Maria T.
name: Henning, Susan J.
name: Davies, Julie M.
name: Santaolalla, Rebeca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background & AimsThe intestinal epithelium is the first line of defense against enteric pathogens. We investigated the response of small intestinal and colonic crypt cultures to a panel of toll-like receptor ligands to assess the impact of microbial pattern recognition on epithelial growth.MethodsPrimary murine jejunal enteroids and colonoids were cultured with lipopeptide Pam3CSK4, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C) for 4 to 6 days. Surface area, budding and survival were assessed. Proliferation and numbers of lysozyme positive cells were quantified by flow cytometry. Gene expression was assessed by Nanostring and qRT-PCR.ResultsExposure to Pam3CSK4 and LPS had minimal impact on either enteroids or colonoids. In contrast, Poly I:C increased the surface area of enteroids, while colonoids demonstrated decreased budding. Survival was decreased by Poly I:C in enteroids but not in colonoids. Both enteroids and colonoids exhibited upregulated gene expression of chemokines, but these were increased in magnitude in enteroids. Decreases in gene expression associated with epithelial differentiation and lysozyme positive cells were more apparent in enteroids than in colonoids. Baseline gene expression between enteroids and colonoids differed markedly in levels of stem cell and inflammatory markers. The changes in morphology induced by Poly I:C were mediated by the toll-like receptor adaptor molecule 1 (Ticam1) in enteroids but not in colonoids.ConclusionsPoly I:C alters the molecular program of epithelial cells and shifts from absorption and digestion towards defense and inflammation. Diversity of responses to microbial patterns in enteroids and colonoids may underlie differences in susceptibility to infection along the intestinal tract.
Session 12: Canals, Railroads, and the Development of the Glass Industry in Corning, NY in the Late 19th & Early 20th Centuries.
Creators: name: Schill, Joe
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2023

description: The history of New York State is heavily influenced by the transportation infrastructure unique to this region. Whether transporting soldiers, goods, politicians, or religious movements the waterways and rail lines of the Empire State have traversed the events of history. Set along the paths of the Erie Canal and railways like the Saratoga, Corinth and Hudson, this session will provide insights into the impact of the Corning Glass Works on the Southern Tier; on the mustering of the 77th New York Volunteers out of Saratoga; on the harried swearing in of President Theodore Roosevelt after Mckinley's assassination; and on the religious movements that swept the region that became known as the Burned Over District.
Time Preferences Predict Mortality among HIV-Infected Adults Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy in Kenya
Creators: name: Vreeman, Rachel C.
name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Thirumurthy, Harsha
name: Bangsberg, David R.
name: Levin, Irwin P.
name: Hayashi, Kami
name: Linnemayr, Sebastian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: BackgroundIdentifying characteristics of HIV-infected adults likely to have poor treatment outcomes can be useful for targeting interventions efficiently. Research in economics and psychology suggests that individuals’ intertemporal time preferences, which indicate the extent to which they trade-off immediate vs. future cost and benefits, can influence various health behaviors. While there is empirical support for the association between time preferences and various non-HIV health behaviors and outcomes, the extent to which time preferences predict outcomes of those receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) has not been examined previously.MethodsHIV-infected adults initiating ART were enrolled at a health facility in Kenya. Participants’ time preferences were measured at enrollment and used to classify them as having either a low or high discount rate for future benefits. At 48 weeks, we assessed mortality and ART adherence, as measured by Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS). Logistic regression models adjusting for socio-economic characteristics and risk factors were used to determine the association between time preferences and mortality as well as MEMS adherence ≥90%.ResultsOverall, 44% (96/220) of participants were classified as having high discount rates. Participants with high discount rates had significantly higher 48-week mortality than participants with low discount rates (9.3% vs. 3.1%; adjusted odds ratio 3.84; 95% CI 1.03, 14.50). MEMS adherence ≥90% was similar for participants with high vs. low discount rates (42.3% vs. 49.6%, AOR 0.70; 95% CI 0.40, 1.25).ConclusionHigh discount rates were associated with significantly higher risk of mortality among HIV-infected patients initiating ART. Greater use of time preference measures may improve identification of patients at risk of poor clinical outcomes. More research is needed to further identify mechanisms of action and also to build upon and test the generalizability of this finding.
TOG Proteins Are Spatially Regulated by Rac-GSK3β to Control Interphase Microtubule Dynamics
Creators: name: Rogers, Stephen L.
name: Trogden, Kathryn P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Microtubules are regulated by a diverse set of proteins that localize to microtubule plus ends (+TIPs) where they regulate dynamic instability and mediate interactions with the cell cortex, actin filaments, and organelles. Although individual +TIPs have been studied in depth and we understand their basic contributions to microtubule dynamics, there is a growing body of evidence that these proteins exhibit cross-talk and likely function to collectively integrate microtubule behavior and upstream signaling pathways. In this study, we have identified a novel protein-protein interaction between the XMAP215 homologue in Drosophila, Mini spindles (Msps), and the CLASP homologue, Orbit. These proteins have been shown to promote and suppress microtubule dynamics, respectively. We show that microtubule dynamics are regionally controlled in cells by Rac acting to suppress GSK3β in the peripheral lamellae/lamellipodium. Phosphorylation of Orbit by GSK3β triggers a relocalization of Msps from the microtubule plus end to the lattice. Mutation of the Msps-Orbit binding site revealed that this interaction is required for regulating microtubule dynamic instability in the cell periphery. Based on our findings, we propose that Msps is a novel Rac effector that acts, in partnership with Orbit, to regionally regulate microtubule dynamics.
Towards Unraveling the Human Tooth Transcriptome: The Dentome
Creators: name: Hu, Shijia
name: Wright, John Timothy
name: Parker, Joel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The goal of the study was to characterize the transcriptome profiles of human ameloblasts and odontoblasts, evaluate molecular pathways and advance our knowledge of the human “dentome”. Laser capture microdissection was used to isolate odontoblasts and ameloblasts from human tooth buds (15-20week gestational age) from 4 fetuses. RNA was examined using Agilent 41k whole genome arrays at 2 different stages of enamel formation, presecretory and secretory. Probe detection was considered against the array negative control to control for background noise. Differential expression was examined using Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM) 4.0 between different cell types and developmental stages with a false discovery rate of 20%. Pathway analysis was conducted using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. We found that during primary tooth formation, odontoblasts expressed 14,802 genes, presecretory ameloblasts 15,179 genes and secretory ameloblasts 14,526 genes. Genes known to be active during tooth development for each cell type (eg COL1A1, AMELX) were shown to be expressed by our approach. Exploring further into the list of differentially expressed genes between the motile odontoblasts and non-motile presecretory ameloblasts we found several genes of interest that could be involved in cell movement (FN1, LUM, ASTN1). Furthermore, our analysis indicated that the Phospholipase C and ERK5 pathways, that are important for cell movement, were activated in the motile odontoblasts. In addition our pathway analysis identified WNT3A and TGFB1 as important upstream contributors. Recent studies implicate these genes in the development of Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia. The utility of laser capture microdissection can be a valuable tool in the examination of specific tissues or cell populations present in human tooth buds. Advancing our knowledge of the human dentome and related molecular pathways provides new insights into the complex mechanisms regulating odontogenesis and biomineralization. This knowledge could prove useful in future studies of odontogenic related pathologies.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The unimodal nature of the dwarf galaxy population
Creators: name: Mahajan, Smriti
name: Drinkwater, Michael J.
name: Driver, S.
name: Kelvin, Lee S.
name: Hopkins, A. M.
name: Baldry, I.
name: Phillipps, S.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Brough, S.
name: Loveday, J.
name: Penny, Samantha J.
name: Robotham, A. S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we aim to (i) test the number of statistically distinct classes required to classify the local galaxy population, and, (ii) identify the differences in the physical and star formation properties of visually-distinct galaxies. To accomplish this, we analyse the structural parameters (effective radius r_e, effective surface brightness within r_e (mu_e), central surface brightness (mu_0), and S'ersic index (n)), obtained by fitting the light profile of 432 galaxies (0.002
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS main journal. 17 Pages, 15 figures
Anti-Adipogenic Activity of High-Phenolic Sorghum Brans in Pre-Adipocytes
Creators: name: Lee, Hee-Seop
name: Santana, Ádina L.
name: Peterson, Jaymi
name: Yucel, Umut
name: Perumal, Ramasamy
name: De Leon, Joaquin
name: Lee, Seong-Ho
name: Smolensky, Dmitriy
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022
Subjects: high-phenolic sorghum bran
adipogenesis
lipogenesis
3T3-L1
polyphenols

description: Obesity is one of the leading public health problems that can result in life-threatening metabolic and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world and certain genotypes of sorghum have high polyphenol content. PI570481, SC84, and commercially available sumac sorghum are high-polyphenol genotypes that have demonstrated strong anti-cancer activities in previous studies. The objective of this study was to explore a potential anti-obesity use of extracts from sorghum bran in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and to investigate cellular and molecular responses in differentiated adipocytes to elucidate related mechanisms. None of the four different sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, Sumac, and white sorghum as a low-polyphenol control) caused cytotoxicity in undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells at doses used in this study. Sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, and Sumac) reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins in a dose-dependent manner in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The same polyphenol containing sorghum bran extracts also repressed production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MAPK signaling pathways and repressed insulin signaling and glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. These data propose a potential use of high-phenolic sorghum bran for the prevention of obesity.