Robustagramma disjunctum Cui and Marshall 2005, new species
Creators: name: Marshall, Stephen A.
name: Cui, Yongsheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2005
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Sphaeroceridae
Robustagramma
Robustagramma disjunctum

description: Robustagramma disjunctum Cui and Marshall, new species   
(Figs. 342–348, 376)  
Body length 1.4–2.1 mm. General color yellowish to dark brown, moderately pollinose, without conspicuous patterns.  
 Head: Face, gena and most of frons reddish yellow; antenna brown. Frons slightly shiny. Ocellar triangle, interfrontal strips and orbital strips slightly silvery. Interfrontal bristles in 3 pairs. Two orbital bristles, anterior orbital bristle over half as long as posterior. Uppermost orbital setula present between orbital bristles. Ocellar bristle, inner and outer vertical bristles and inner and outer occipital bristles well developed. Postvertical bristles slightly smaller than inner occipital bristles, parallel or convergent. Postocellar bristle absent. Facial ridge of male between antennae slightly wider than width of scape. Eye height ca. 2.2–2.7 times genal height. Arista subequal in length to head height. Aristal hairs long, ca. 3.5 times as long as basal width of arista. Palpus thin, maximum palpal width ca.1/6–1/5 as long as palpus. Preapical palpal bristle ca. 1.5 –2.0 times as long as maximum width of palpus.   
 Thorax: Prosternum narrow, bare. Dorsocentral bristles in 2 postsutural pairs, sometimes a pair of presutural dorsocentral setulae slightly longer than acrostichal setulae and shorter than middle prescutellar acrostichal bristle. Acrostichal setulae in 6–8 rows between anterior postsutural dorsocentral bristles. Scutellum with apical scutellar bristle ca. 1.7 times length of scutellum. Posterodorsal katepisternal bristle 2/3–3/4 as long as distance between bristle base and wing base; anterodorsal katepisternal bristle very small. Halter knob pale to brownish. Wing lightly pigmented, with two clear bands beyond intersection of R 2+3 and costa. First costal sector pale in color, and slightly thicker than second costal sector in anterior view. Length of second costal sector ca. 0.42–0.44X length of third. Distal 1/4–1/ 3 of R 2+3 gradually curved forward. Costa ending near wing apex, and extending past R 4+5 by no more than one vein width. Discal cell without appendices. Tarsi and fore tibiae fulvous. Mid tibia with a single posterodorsal proximal bristle, an anterodorsal bristle near middle, and an anterodorsal, dorsal and posterodorsal distally; distal dorsal bristle small. Mid femur with 3–4 decurved anterior bristles on distal third. Mid tibia of male with an apicoventral bristle and a row of short, stout ventral bristles on distal 3/4. Mid femur of male with a row of small posteroventral bristles on basal 2/3.   
 Male abdomen: All tergites uniformly dark brown, lightly shiny; similar in length. Sternite 5 ca.1.5 times as long as sternite 4, with several rows of short scales on posteromedial margin. Dorsomedial length of epandrium ca. 0.33X length of sternite 8. Surstylus entirely setose, distinctly curved forward. Cerci short, distal halves distant from each other. Ejaculatory apodeme one third as long as aedeagal apodeme.   
Female abdomen: Tergites 1–7 uniformly pigmented and entire. Cercus very short, setose. Sternite 7 similar in length to sternite 6, posteromedial margin prominent. Sternite 8 reduced to 2 small narrow sclerites. Sternite 10 transverse, setulose. All spermathecae similar in shape, with distal portions much larger than basal portions. Paired spermathecae with duct nearly twice as long as spermathecal body.  
Holotype (♂, INBC) and paratypes (12 ♂, 23 ♀, DEBU): COSTA RICA: Puntarenas. Monteverde, dung traps, 27.ii.1991, H. & A. Howden.  
Other paratypes: Same data as holotype, but from FIT (1 ♂, 6 ♀, INBC). COSTA RICA: Puntarenas. Monteverde Cloud Forest, 1500m, dung traps, 19–25.viii.1993, E. R. Barr (1 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU); 11–13.vi.2000, S. A. Marshall (2 ♂, INBC); sweep, 11.vi.2000, M. Buck (1 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU). Same locality as previous label, ii.1980, W. Mason (1 ♂, DEBU). Same locality as previous label, fruit pitfall, 11–18.vii.1983, D. Lindeman (2 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU); 1560m, dung trap, D. H. Lindeman (2 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU). Puntarenas. Monteverde, 1520m, FIT, 11–18.vi.1983 (1 ♀, DEBU), 18–25.vi.1983 (1 ♀, DEBU), 23–30.vii.1983 (1 ♀, DEBU), D.H. Lindeman. Puntarenas. Monteverde, RET in forest, 26.v.1998, S. A. Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU). Same locality as previous label, FIT, 25.ii.1991, H. & A. Howden (1 ♀, DEBU). Same locality as previous label, but 1500–1600m, ex. yellow pan trap, 23– 27.ii.1991, B. J. Sinclair (1 ♀, DEBU). Puntarenas. Las Alturas, tree fall, 2000m, (dung pans), 12–15.viii.1995, S. A. Marshall (1 ♀, DEBU). Puntarenas. Monteverde, primary tropical cloud forest, pan traps, 1530m, 10 18 N, 84 48 W, 24.ii–2.iii.1988, B. Hubley (4 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU). GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz. 7.4 km S Purulha, 1650m, FIT, 2.vii.1993, J. Ashe & R. Brooks (1 ♂, DEBU). Zacapa. 3.5 SE La Unión, 1500m, FIT, 23–25.vi.1993 (1 ♂, DEBU), 25–27.vi.1993 (2 ♂, DEBU), J. Ashe & R. Brooks. HONDURAS: PN Cusco, San Ped., Malaise, 2.iii.1995, R. Cordiro (1 ♂, DEBU); a female bearing the label: “Honduras: R. Cordiro ”, possibly from the same locality as previous label. MEXICO: Chiapas. Lagos de Montebello, Lago Pojoj, 1500m, FIT, 2–12.vi.1990, B. D. Gill (1 ♂, DEBU), B.D. Gill & H. Howden (2 ♀, DEBU). Chiapas. 11 mi NW Ocozocoautla, 3400ft., oak­evergreen forest, human dung, 19–25.viii.1971, A. Newton (1 ♀, DEBU). Puebla. 3 mi S Xicotepec de Juarez, 4000ft., cloud, tropical evergreen forest, human dung, 3–8.vii.1971, A. Newton (1 ♀, DEBU). Oaxaca. 5 mi S Valle Nacional, 1600ft, tropical oak evergreen, dung, 20.vii–1.viii.1971, A. Newton (1 ♂, DEBU). PANAMA: Chiriquí. 27 km W Cerro Punta, 1700m, carrion, 5.vi.1977, S. Peck (2 ♂, DEBU).  
 Etymology: The specific epithet, disjunctum, refers to the broadly separated distal halves of the male cerci.
description: Published as part of Marshall, Stephen A. & Cui, Yongsheng, 2005, Systematics of Robustagramma, a new genus of New World Sphaeroceridae (Diptera), pp. 1-122 in Zootaxa 1026 (1) on pages 109-111, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1026.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5049813