cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Power-law scaling of correlations in statistically polarised nano-NMR
Creators: name: Staudenmaier, Nicolas
name: Vijayakumar-Sreeja, Anjusha
name: Oviedo-Casado, Santiago
name: Genov, Genko
name: Cohen, Daniel
name: Dulog, Daniel
name: Unden, Thomas
name: Striegler, Nico
name: Marshall, Alastair
name: Scheuer, Jochen
name: Findler, Christoph
name: Lang, Johannes
name: Schwartz, Ilai
name: Neumann, Philipp
name: Retzker, Alex
name: Jelezko, Fedor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion noise is a major source of spectral line broadening in liquid state nano-scale nuclear magnetic resonance with shallow nitrogen-vacancy centres, whose main consequence is a limited spectral resolution. This limitation arises by virtue of the widely accepted assumption that nuclear spin signal correlations decay exponentially in nano-NMR. However, a more accurate analysis of diffusion shows that correlations survive for a longer time due to a power-law scaling, yielding the possibility for improved resolution and altering our understanding of diffusion at the nano-scale. Nevertheless, such behaviour remains to be demonstrated in experiments. Using three different experimental setups and disparate measurement techniques, we present overwhelming evidence of power-law decay of correlations. These result in sharp-peaked spectral lines, for which diffusion broadening need not be a limitation to resolution.
description: 21 pages and 13 figures. Matches published version. Comments always welcome!
Neural manifold analysis of brain circuit dynamics in health and disease
Creators: name: Mitchell-Heggs, Rufus
name: Prado, Seigfred
name: Gava, Giuseppe P.
name: Go, Mary Ann
name: Schultz, Simon R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Recent developments in experimental neuroscience make it possible to simultaneously record the activity of thousands of neurons. However, the development of analysis approaches for such large-scale neural recordings have been slower than those applicable to single-cell experiments. One approach that has gained recent popularity is neural manifold learning. This approach takes advantage of the fact that often, even though neural datasets may be very high dimensional, the dynamics of neural activity tends to traverse a much lower-dimensional space. The topological structures formed by these low-dimensional neural subspaces are referred to as neural manifolds, and may potentially provide insight linking neural circuit dynamics with cognitive function and behavioural performance. In this paper we review a number of linear and non-linear approaches to neural manifold learning, by setting them within a common mathematical framework, and comparing their advantages and disadvantages with respect to their use for neural data analysis. We apply them to a number of datasets from published literature, comparing the manifolds that result from their application to hippocampal place cells, motor cortical neurons during a reaching task, and prefrontal cortical neurons during a multi-behaviour task. We find that in many circumstances linear algorithms produce similar results to non-linear methods, although in particular in cases where the behavioural complexity is greater, nonlinear methods tend to find lower dimensional manifolds, at the possible expense of interpretability. We demonstrate that these methods are applicable to the study of neurological disorders through simulation of a mouse model of Alzheimers Disease, and speculate that neural manifold analysis may help us to understand the circuit-level consequences of molecular and cellular neuropathology.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Analysis of the Application of Double Skin Facade as an Engineering Decrease in Natural Light Intensity in Classroom E303 in Building E of the Sumatra Institute of Technology Using DIALux Evo 11.0
Creators: name: Agung, Gian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Engineering design

description: Tugas Akhir Gian Ervisti Agung tentang pemodelan bangunan menggunakan Software DIALux Evo 11.0
Neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions and associated factors in a cohort of individuals starting dolutegravir-based or efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy in Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Creators: name: Mendes, Jullye Campos
name: Braga, Maria das Graças
name: Reis, Adriano Max Moreira
name: Silveira, Micheline Rosa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: Computational Biology

description: To measure the incidence of neuropsychiatric adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in individuals living with HIV who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) with first-line regimens containing dolutegravir (DTG) or efavirenz (EFV) and associated factors. Prospective cohort study with individuals living with HIV who started ART with DTG or EFV associated with tenofovir disoproxil and lamivudine in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from September 2015 to October 2018 in three specialized HIV care services through interviews, clinical records, and computerized systems. We analysed the frequency of neuropsychiatric ADRs recorded in clinical records 12 months after starting antiretroviral use, and the associated factors were investigated using binary logistic regression. A total of 152 (35.1%) of the 433 individuals included had neuropsychiatric ADRs. The incidence density was 35.3/100 person-years. The subjects mainly had sleep disorders and disturbances (21.3%), neurological disorders (13.9%), headaches (8.1%), and anxiety disorders and symptoms (3.0%), more frequently in individuals using EFV. A lower likelihood of neuropsychiatric ADRs was associated with using a DTG-based antiretroviral regimen (OR = 0.24; 95% CI = 0.14–0.40) and anxiety or depression signs and symptoms at the onset of treatment (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.37–0.89). The incidence of neuropsychiatric ADRs was high in individuals starting ART with a lower likelihood of using a DTG-based regimen. The DTG-based regimen had a better safety profile for neuropsychiatric ADRs than the EFV-based regimen.
Tense-aspect-modality and focus
Creators: name: Tau, Kiyoshi
name: Tau, Yone
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ssabu-muni language

description: 1 WAV file, 1 TXT file. Focus =du and the -n ending for verbs.
Analog Quantum Simulation of the Dynamics of Open Quantum Systems with Quantum Dots and Microelectronic Circuits
Creators: name: Kim, Chang Woo
name: Nichol, John M.
name: Jordan, Andrew N.
name: Franco, Ignacio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a general setup for the analog quantum simulation of the dynamics of open quantum systems based on semiconductor quantum dots electrically connected to a chain of quantum $RLC$ electronic circuits. The dots are chosen to be in the regime of spin-charge hybridization to enhance their sensitivity to the $RLC$ circuits while mitigating the detrimental effects of unwanted noise. In this context, we establish an experimentally realizable map between the hybrid system and a qubit coupled to thermal harmonic environments of arbitrary complexity that enables the analog quantum simulation of open quantum systems. We assess the utility of the simulator by numerically exact emulations that indicate that the experimental setup can faithfully mimic the intended target even in the presence of its natural inherent noise. We further provide a detailed analysis of the physical requirements on the quantum dots and the $RLC$ circuits needed to experimentally realize this proposal that indicates that the simulator can be created with existing technology. The approach can exactly capture the effects of highly structured non-Markovian quantum environments typical of photosynthesis and chemical dynamics, and offer clear potential advantages over conventional and even quantum computation. The proposal opens a general path for effective quantum dynamics simulations based on semiconductor quantum dots.
Tense-aspect-modality and focus
Creators: name: Tooji, Hiroshi
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ssabu-muni language

description: 1 WAV file, 1 EAF file, 1 TXT file. Focus =du and the -n ending for verbs.
A lower bound for the Lyapounov exponents of the random Schrodinger operator on a strip
Creators: name: Bourgain, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B44, 60K35

description: We consider the random Schrodinger operator on a strip of width $W$, assuming the site distribution of bounded density. It is shown that the positive Lyapounov exponents satisfy a lower bound roughly exponential in $-W$ or $W\to \infty$. The argument proceeds directly by establishing Green's function decay, but does not appeal to Furstenberg's random matrix theory on the strip. One ingredient involved is the construction of `barriers' using the RSO theory on $\mathbb Z$.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
Quasilinear systems of first order PDEs with nonlocal Hamiltonian structures
Creators: name: Vergallo, Pierandrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we wonder whether a quasilinear system of PDEs of first order admits Hamiltonian formulation with local and nonlocal operators. By using the theory of differential coverings, we find differential-geometric conditions necessary to write a given system with one of the three Hamiltonian operators investigated.
Rotation and electric-field responses and absolute enantioselection in chiral crystals
Creators: name: Oiwa, Rikuto
name: Kusunose, Hiroaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microscopic origin of chirality and possible electric-field induced rotation and rotation-field induced electric polarization are investigated. By building up a realistic tight-binding model for elemental Te crystal in terms of symmetry-adopted basis, we identify the microscopic origin of the chirality and essential couplings among polar and axial vectors with the same time-reversal properties. Based on this microscopic model, we elucidate quantitatively that the inter-band process, driven by the nearest-neighbor spin-dependent imaginary hopping, is the key factor in the electric-field induced rotation and its inverse response. From the symmetry point of view, these couplings are characteristic common to any chiral material, leading to a possible experimental approach to achieve absolute enantioselection by simultaneously applied electric and rotation fields, or magnetic field and electric current, and so on, as a conjugate field of the chirality.
description: 5figures
Additional file 2 of Nine golden codes: improving the accuracy of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) dispatch—a retrospective, multi-organisational study in the East of England
Creators: name: Edmunds, Christopher T.
name: Lachowycz, Kate
name: McLachlan, Sarah
name: Downes, Andrew
name: Smith, Andrew
name: Major, Rob
name: Barnard, Edward B. G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Sensitivity analysis to explore impact of thresholds on estimated tasking numbers/24 h. Demonstration of the impact of specific thresholds for intervention and/or patient contact on code availability.
Digraphs with all induced directed cycles of the same length are not $\vecχ$-bounded
Creators: name: Carbonero, Alvaro
name: Hompe, Patrick
name: Moore, Benjamin
name: Spirkl, Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For $t \ge 2$, let us call a digraph $D$ \emph{t-chordal} if all induced directed cycles in $D$ have length equal to $t$. In a previous paper, we asked for which $t$ it is true that $t$-chordal graphs with bounded clique number have bounded dichromatic number. Recently, Aboulker, Bousquet, and de Verclos answered this in the negative for $t=3$, that is, they gave a construction of $3$-chordal digraphs with clique number at most $3$ and arbitrarily large dichromatic number. In this paper, we extend their result, giving for each $t \ge 3$ a construction of digraphs with clique number at most $3$ and arbitrarily large dichromatic number, thus answering our question in the negative. On the other hand, we show that a more restricted class, digraphs with no induced directed cycle of length less than $t$, and no induced directed $t$-vertex path, have bounded dichromatic number if their clique number is bounded. We also show the following complexity result: for fixed $t \ge 2$, the problem of determining whether a digraph is $t$-chordal is coNP-complete.
description: Accepted manuscript; see DOI for journal version. One of the proofs was previously in arxiv:2201.08204, but has been moved here
Suboptimal adherence to food restrictions requirements related to drug regimens for chronic diseases
Creators: name: Boggs, Robert L.
name: Engel, Samuel
name: Wang, Tongtong
name: Weiss, Tracey Jean
name: Martin, Ashley A.
name: Yue, Austin
name: Way, Nate
name: Ricker, Bryan
name: Rajpathak, Swapnil N.
name: Lautsch, Dominik
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Oral medications for chronic conditions often involve a variety of instructions, including time of day/dosing, drug interactions, and food intake restrictions. However, the extent to which patients follow these instructions is unclear. We surveyed patients from the US and Europe (UK, France, Germany, Italy, Spain) who were prescribed sulfonylureas (SU: glimepiride, glipizide, or gliclazide) for diabetes or levothyroxine for hypothyroidism. Patients kept a daily diary for 3–5 days documenting their adherence to three criteria: dosing regimen including time of day, warning labels including drug interactions, and food restrictions. A total of 421 US and 493 European patients took the study medications; 546 patients took SU and 368 took levothyroxine. Overall, 48% of patients were males; 46% were age 65 years or older. Despite most patients having received instructions on medication requirements (US 71%, EU 75%), most patients reported being only somewhat knowledgeable (US 69%; EU 71%). Adherence, measured by the proportion of the days a participant was adherent to each category out of the observational period (ranging from 3–5 days), varied by type of instruction, with the poorest adherence observed for food restriction requirements (US 34% of the observation days, EU 26%) compared to warning labels (US 77%, EU 67%) and dosing regimen (US 85%, EU 87%). Patients adhered to dosing and cautionary instructions across the majority of the study period but were largely non-adherent to food intake restrictions. Improved communication and increased emphasis on food intake restrictions is needed when advising patients on their medications.
Additional file 1 of Nine golden codes: improving the accuracy of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) dispatch—a retrospective, multi-organisational study in the East of England
Creators: name: Edmunds, Christopher T.
name: Lachowycz, Kate
name: McLachlan, Sarah
name: Downes, Andrew
name: Smith, Andrew
name: Major, Rob
name: Barnard, Edward B. G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. HEMS-level intervention/drug/diagnostic. A list of all HLIDDs used within this study.
Strictly chained (p,q)-ary partitions
Creators: name: Imbert, Laurent
name: Philippe, Fabrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 05A17 (Primary)

description: We consider a special type of integer partitions in which the parts of the form $p^aq^b$, for some relatively prime integers $p$ and $q$, are restricted by divisibility conditions. We investigate the problems of generating and encoding those partitions and give some estimates for several partition functions.
description: 18 pages
Layer Antiferromagnetic State in Bilayer Graphene : A First-Principle Investigation
Creators: name: Wang, Yong
name: Wang, Hao
name: Gao, Jin-Hua
name: Zhang, Fu-Chun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state of bilayer graphene is investigated by the density functional calculations with local spin density approximation. We find a ground state with layer antiferromagnetic ordering, which has been suggested by former studies based on simplified model. The calculations prove that the layer antiferromagnetic state (LAF) is stable even if the remote hopping and nonlocal Coulomb interaction are included. The gap of the LAF state is about 1.8 meV, comparable to the experimental value. The surface magnetism in BLG is of the order of $10^{-2} μ_B /nm^2 $.
Tensor denoising of high-dimensional MRI data
Creators: name: Olesen, Jonas L.
name: Ianus, Andrada
name: Østergaard, Leif
name: Shemesh, Noam
name: Jespersen, Sune N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The signal to noise ratio (SNR) fundamentally limits the information accessible by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This limitation has been addressed by a host of denoising techniques, recently including so-called MPPCA: Principal component analysis (PCA) of the signal followed by automated rank estimation, exploiting the Marchenko-Pastur (MP) distribution of noise singular values. Operating on matrices comprised by data-patches, this popular approach objectively identifies noise components and, ideally, allows noise to be removed without introducing artifacts such as image blurring or non-local averaging. The MPPCA rank estimation, however, relies on a large number of noise singular values relative to the number of signal components to avoid such ill effects. This condition is unlikely to be met when data-patches and therefore matrices are small, for example due to spatially varying noise. Here, we introduce tensor MPPCA (tMPPCA) for the purpose of denoising multidimensional data, for example from multi-contrast acquisitions. Rather than combining dimensions in matrices, tMPPCA utilizes each dimension of the multidimensional data's inherent tensor-structure to better characterize noise, and to recursively estimate signal components. Relative to matrix-based MPPCA, tMPPCA requires no additional assumptions, and comparing the two in a numerical phantom and a multi-TE diffusion MRI dataset, tMPPCA dramatically improves denoising performance. This is particularly true for small data-patches, which we believe will improve denoising in cases of spatially varying noise.
description: 28 pages, 5 figures, 2 supplementary figures Published in Magn. Reson. Med. October 2022, https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.29478
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ СОЗНАНИЕ МОЛОДЁЖИ УЗБЕКИСТАНА
Creators: name: Юсупова, Элеонора
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: В данной статье отмечается, что молодёжь является ключевым элементом общественной динамики, и её политическое сознание имеет существенное значение для будущего Узбекистана. Кроме этого, говорится о том, что с учетом изменений в политической среде Узбекистана в последние годы, создаются условия, способствующие расширению возможностей молодёжи для политического участия.
A numerical scheme to solve fractional optimal control problems
Creators: name: Pooseh, Shakoor
name: Almeida, Ricardo
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 33F05, 49K15

description: We review recent results obtained to solve fractional order optimal control problems with free terminal time and a dynamic constraint involving integer and fractional order derivatives. Some particular cases are studied in detail. A numerical scheme is given, based on expansion formulas for the fractional derivative. The efficiency of the method is illustrated through examples.
description: Submitted 13-Apr-2013; accepted after minor revision 22-May-2013
Bayesian optimization with known experimental and design constraints for chemistry applications
Creators: name: Hickman, Riley J.
name: Aldeghi, Matteo
name: Häse, Florian
name: Aspuru-Guzik, Alán
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Optimization strategies driven by machine learning, such as Bayesian optimization, are being explored across experimental sciences as an efficient alternative to traditional design of experiment. When combined with automated laboratory hardware and high-performance computing, these strategies enable next-generation platforms for autonomous experimentation. However, the practical application of these approaches is hampered by a lack of flexible software and algorithms tailored to the unique requirements of chemical research. One such aspect is the pervasive presence of constraints in the experimental conditions when optimizing chemical processes or protocols, and in the chemical space that is accessible when designing functional molecules or materials. Although many of these constraints are known a priori, they can be interdependent, non-linear, and result in non-compact optimization domains. In this work, we extend our experiment planning algorithms Phoenics and Gryffin such that they can handle arbitrary known constraints via an intuitive and flexible interface. We benchmark these extended algorithms on continuous and discrete test functions with a diverse set of constraints, demonstrating their flexibility and robustness. In addition, we illustrate their practical utility in two simulated chemical research scenarios: the optimization of the synthesis of o-xylenyl Buckminsterfullerene adducts under constrained flow conditions, and the design of redox active molecules for flow batteries under synthetic accessibility constraints. The tools developed constitute a simple, yet versatile strategy to enable model-based optimization with known experimental constraints, contributing to its applicability as a core component of autonomous platforms for scientific discovery.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures (SI with 13 pages, 8 figures)
An allometry-based approach for understanding forest structure, predicting tree-size distribution and assessing the degree of disturbance
Creators: name: Anfodillo, Tommaso
name: Carrer, Marco
name: Simini, Filippo
name: Popa, Ionel
name: Banavar, Jayanth R.
name: Maritan, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tree-size distribution is one of the most investigated subjects in plant population biology. The forestry literature reports that tree-size distribution trajectories vary across different stands and/or species, while the metabolic scaling theory suggests that the tree number scales universally as -2 power of diameter. Here, we propose a simple functional scaling model in which these two opposing results are reconciled. Basic principles related to crown shape, energy optimization and the finite size scaling approach were used to define a set of relationships based on a single parameter, which allows us to predict the slope of the tree-size distributions in a steady state condition. We tested the model predictions on four temperate mountain forests. Plots (4 ha each, fully mapped) were selected with different degrees of human disturbance (semi-natural stands vs. formerly managed). Results showed that the size distribution range successfully fitted by the model is related to the degree of forest disturbance: in semi-natural forests the range is wide, while in formerly managed forests, the agreement with the model is confined to a very restricted range. We argue that simple allometric relationships, at individual level, shape the structure of the whole forest community.
description: 22 pages, 4 figures
Additional file 3 of Nine golden codes: improving the accuracy of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) dispatch—a retrospective, multi-organisational study in the East of England
Creators: name: Edmunds, Christopher T.
name: Lachowycz, Kate
name: McLachlan, Sarah
name: Downes, Andrew
name: Smith, Andrew
name: Major, Rob
name: Barnard, Edward B. G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. AMPDS codes with significantly high rates of patient contact and/or HLIDD. A table listing the p value for both HLIDD and patient contact for specific codes.
Toward a better understanding of severe asthma phenotypes in Latin America: results from the PREPARE study
Creators: name: Maspero, Jorge
name: Pavie, Juana
name: Torres-Duque, Carlos A.
name: Montero-Arias, Felicia
name: Cerino-Javier, Ruth
name: Rovira, Francisco
name: Beekman, Maarten J. H. I.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Data on severe asthma phenotypes in Latin America are lacking. The PREPARE study describes the prevalence of certain determinants of severe asthma among patients in 5 Latin American countries with blood eosinophil counts (BEC) ≥300 cells/mm3 and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations >100 IU/mL. In this cross-sectional study, information on demographics, disease characteristics, and asthma treatments were extracted from the existing medical records of patients aged ≥12 years attending centers specialized in severe asthma management. Medical record data were transcribed onto electronic case report forms. Blood eosinophil counts and IgE concentrations were assayed from specimens obtained at study visit. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Data from 461 patients with severe asthma (mean age, 50.5 years) were analyzed. Most patients were female (73%), had a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 (77%), and received full healthcare reimbursement (63%). In the previous 12 months, 52% of patients experienced ≥1 severe exacerbation and 44% received oral corticosteroid burst therapy. Blood eosinophil counts ≥300 cells/mm3 and ≥150 cells/mm3 were reported in 44% and 76% of patients, respectively. In 58% of patients, serum IgE concentrations exceeded 100 IU/mL. Uncontrolled asthma was documented in 50% (n = 230) of patients. The PREPARE study provides useful insights about the prevalence of eosinophilic and atopic phenotypes in patients with severe asthma in Latin America, thereby paving the way for a more personalized approach to managing severe asthma. Notwithstanding the treatment at specialized medical centers, disease burden remained high in this study population.
Admission eGFR predicts in-hospital mortality independently of admission glycemia and C-peptide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and COVID-19
Creators: name: Infante, Marco
name: Pieri, Massimo
name: Lupisella, Santina
name: Mohamad, Ali
name: Bernardini, Sergio
name: Della-Morte, David
name: Fabbri, Andrea
name: De Stefano, Alberto
name: Iannetta, Marco
name: Ansaldo, Lorenzo
name: Crea, Angela
name: Andreoni, Massimo
name: Morello, Maria
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and impaired kidney function are associated with a higher risk of poor outcomes of COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective study in hospitalized T2DM patients with COVID-19 to assess the association between in-hospital mortality and admission values of different hematological/biochemical parameters, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma glucose and C-peptide (as a marker of beta-cell function). The study included T2DM patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who were consecutively admitted to our Institution between October 1, 2020 and April 1, 2021. Patients (n = 74) were categorized into survivors (n = 55) and non-survivors (n = 19). Non-survivors exhibited significantly higher median WBC count, D-dimer, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, hsCRP, and procalcitonin levels, as well as significantly lower median serum 25(OH)D levels compared to survivors. Non-survivors exhibited significantly higher median admission plasma glucose (APG) values compared to survivors (210 vs 166 mg/dL; p = 0.026). There was no statistically significant difference in median values of plasma C-peptide between non-survivors and survivors (3.55 vs 3.24 ng/mL; p = 0.906). A significantly higher percentage of patients with an eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was observed in the non-survivor group as compared to the survivor group (57.9% vs 23.6%; p = 0.006). A multivariate analysis performed by a logistic regression model after adjusting for major confounders (age, sex, body mass index, major comorbidities) showed a significant inverse association between eGFR values and risk of in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.956; 95% CI, 0.931-0.983; p = 0.001). We also found a significant positive association between WBC count and risk of in-hospital mortality (OR, 1.210; 95% CI, 1.043-1.404; p = 0.011). Admission eGFR and WBC count predict in-hospital COVID-19 mortality among T2DM patients, independently of traditional risk factors, APG and random plasma C-peptide. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and comorbid T2DM associated with impaired kidney function at admission should be considered at high risk for adverse outcomes and death.
Towards a better understanding of severe asthma phenotypes in Latin America: results from the PREPARE study
Creators: name: Maspero, Jorge
name: Pavie, Juana
name: Torres-Duque, Carlos A
name: Montero-Arias, Felicia
name: Cerino-Javier, Ruth
name: Rovira, Francisco
name: Beekman, Maarten J.H.I
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Objective:Data on severe asthma phenotypes in Latin America are lacking. The PREPARE study describes the prevalence of certain determinants of severe asthma among patients in 5 Latin American countries with blood eosinophil counts (BEC) ≥300 cells/mm3 and serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentrations >100 IU/mL. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, information on demographics, disease characteristics, and asthma treatments were extracted from the existing medical records of patients aged ≥12 years attending centers specialized in severe asthma management. Medical record data were transcribed onto electronic case report forms. Blood eosinophil counts and IgE concentrations were assayed from specimens obtained at study visit. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Results: Data from 461 patients with severe asthma (mean age, 50.5 years) were analyzed. Most patients were female (73%), had a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 (77%), and received full healthcare reimbursement (63%). In the previous 12 months, 52% of patients experienced ≥1 severe exacerbation and 44% received oral corticosteroid burst therapy. Blood eosinophil counts ≥300 cells/mm3 and ≥150 cells/mm3 were reported in 44% and 76% of patients, respectively. In 58% of patients, serum IgE concentrations exceeded 100 IU/mL. Uncontrolled asthma was documented in 50% (n = 230) of patients. Conclusions:The PREPARE study provides useful insights about the prevalence of eosinophilic and atopic phenotypes in patients with severe asthma in Latin America, thereby paving the way for a more personalized approach to managing severe asthma. Notwithstanding the treatment at specialized medical centers, disease burden remained high in this study population.
Additional file 1 of Reducing hospital readmissions amongst people experiencing homelessness: a mixed-methods evaluation of a multi-disciplinary hospital in-reach programme
Creators: name: Malden, Stephen
name: Doi, Lawrence
name: Ng, Lauren
name: Cuthill, Fiona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Electrical current and coupled electron-nuclear spin dynamics in double quantum dots
Creators: name: Giavaras, G.
name: Lambert, Neill
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine electronic transport in a spin-blockaded double quantum dot. We show that by tuning the strength of the spin-orbit interaction the current flowing through the double dot exhibits a dip at zero magnetic field or a peak at a magnetic field for which the two-electron energy levels anticross. This behaviour is due to the dependence of the singlet-triplet mixing on the field and spin-orbit amplitude. We derive approximate expressions for the current as a function of the amplitudes of the states involved in the transport. We also consider an alternative model that takes into account a finite number of nuclear spins and study the resulting coupled dynamics between electron and nuclear spins. We show that if the spin ensemble is in a thermal state there are regular oscillations in the transient current followed by quasi-chaotic revivals akin to those seen in a thermal Jaynes-Cummings model.
description: 13 pages, 7 figs
MCRG study of 8 and 12 fundamental flavors
Creators: name: Petropoulos, Gregory
name: Cheng, Anqi
name: Hasenfratz, Anna
name: Schaich, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the renormalization group properties of SU(3) gauge theories with N_f=8 and 12 nearly-massless fermions, using Monte Carlo Renormalization Group (MCRG) two-lattice matching techniques to predict bare step-scaling functions s_b. Traditional MCRG two-lattice matching requires that the renormalization scheme be optimized for each bare lattice coupling, so that s_b is a composite of many different discrete beta functions. We propose an improved procedure that uses the Wilson flow to eliminate the need for this optimization of the RG blocking transformation. While our 12-flavor results indicate an infrared fixed point, s_b for N_f=8 is significantly different from zero until strong-coupling lattice artifacts obstruct two-lattice matching. Although both procedures produce qualitatively similar bare step-scaling functions, the new s_b obtained by combining the Wilson flow with MCRG two-lattice matching have the distinct advantage of corresponding to unique discrete beta functions.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of Lattice 2012, June 24-29, Cairns, Australia. 7 pages
Show, Don't Tell: Demonstrations Outperform Descriptions for Schema-Guided Task-Oriented Dialogue
Creators: name: Gupta, Raghav
name: Lee, Harrison
name: Zhao, Jeffrey
name: Rastogi, Abhinav
name: Cao, Yuan
name: Wu, Yonghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building universal dialogue systems that operate across multiple domains/APIs and generalize to new ones with minimal overhead is a critical challenge. Recent works have leveraged natural language descriptions of schema elements to enable such systems; however, descriptions only indirectly convey schema semantics. In this work, we propose Show, Don't Tell, which prompts seq2seq models with a labeled example dialogue to show the semantics of schema elements rather than tell the model through descriptions. While requiring similar effort from service developers as generating descriptions, we show that using short examples as schema representations with large language models results in state-of-the-art performance on two popular dialogue state tracking benchmarks designed to measure zero-shot generalization - the Schema-Guided Dialogue dataset and the MultiWOZ leave-one-out benchmark.
description: NAACL 2022
Tense-aspect-modality with video prompts, irregular verbs
Creators: name: Tau, Kiyoshi
name: Tau, Yone
name: Lau-Preechathammarach, Raksit Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2024
Subjects: Ssabu-muni language

description: 1 WAV file, 1 TXT file.
Universal impurity-induced bound state in topological superfluids
Creators: name: Hu, Hui
name: Jiang, Lei
name: Pu, Han
name: Chen, Yan
name: Liu, Xia-Ji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict a universal mid-gap bound state in topological superfluids, induced by either non-magnetic or magnetic impurities in the strong scattering limit. This universal state is similar to the lowest-energy Caroli-de Gennes-Martricon bound state in a vortex core, but is bound to localized impurities. We argue that the observation of such a universal bound state can be a clear signature for identifying topological superfluids. We theoretically examine our argument for a spin-orbit coupled ultracold atomic Fermi gas trapped in a two-dimensional harmonic potential, by performing extensive self-consistent calculations within the mean-field Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory. A realistic scenario for observing universal bound state in ultracold $^{40}$K atoms is proposed.
description: 5 pages + 4 figures; published in PRL; see the relevant study in 1D: Phys. Rev. A 87, 013622 (2013); see also the accompanying Physics Synopsis: http://physics.aps.org/synopsis-for/10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.020401
Many body localization transition with correlated disorder
Creators: name: Shi, Zhengyan Darius
name: Khemani, Vedika
name: Vasseur, Romain
name: Gopalakrishnan, Sarang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the critical properties of the many-body localization (MBL) phase transition in one-dimensional systems subject to spatially correlated disorder. We consider a general family of disorder models, parameterized by how strong the fluctuations of the disordered couplings are when coarse-grained over a region of size $\ell$. For uncorrelated randomness, the characteristic scale for these fluctuations is $\sqrt{\ell}$; more generally they scale as $\ell^γ$. We discuss both positively correlated disorder ($1/2 < γ< 1$) and anticorrelated, or "hyperuniform," disorder ($γ< 1/2$). We argue that anticorrelations in the disorder are generally irrelevant at the MBL transition. Moreover, assuming the MBL transition is described by the recently developed renormalization-group scheme of Morningstar \emph{et al.} [Phys. Rev. B 102, 125134, (2020)], we argue that even positively correlated disorder leaves the critical theory unchanged, although it modifies certain properties of the many-body localized phase.
description: 25 pages, including 9 figures, 1 table, and 3 appendices (additional reference added in v2)
Lattice QCD and the two-photon decay of the neutral pion
Creators: name: Meyer, Harvey B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-photon decays probe the structure of mesons and represent an important contribution to hadronic light-by-light scattering. For the neutral pion, the decay amplitude tests the effects of the chiral anomaly; for a heavy quarkonium state, it measures the magnitude of its wavefunction at the origin. We rederive the expression of the decay amplitude in terms of a Euclidean correlation function starting from the theory defined on the torus. The derivation shows that for timelike photons the approach to the infinite-volume decay amplitude is exponential in the periodic box size.
description: 18 pages, no figures
Evaluation of empathy in Moroccan student-te
Creators: name: Peyrotte, Marianne
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: linguistic interferences
subject: higher education
subject: teachers
subject: students
subject: empathy

description: By comparing the empathy of Moroccan and French student-teachers, this study aims to determine whether the language barrier could be the cause of these results
Additional file 1 of Low prevalence of ideal levels in cardiovascular behavior metrics among Mexican adolescents
Creators: name: Terminel-Zaragoza, Ricardo
name: Angulo-Urías, Mariana
name: de Jesús Toledo-Domínguez, Iván
name: Quintero-Portillo, Hebert
name: Bojórquez-Díaz, Cecilia Ivonne
name: Ulloa-Mercado, Gabriela
name: Gortares-Moroyoqui, Pablo
name: Arias-Gastélum, Mayra
name: Legarreta-Muela, Fátima
name: Rentería-Mexía, Ana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Wound Care Training Using Simulation: Impacts on Clinical Knowledge, Skill Performance, and Satisfaction Among Skilled Nursing Facility Staff
Creators: name: Moody, Anna Sue
name: Sribanditmongkol, Vorachai
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Impaired skin integrity, wound formation, and infections are significant health concerns. Therefore, competent wound care is essential for skilled nursing facility residents in long-term care. To recoup losses sustained during the COVID-19 pandemic, one skilled, nursing facility in North Carolina increased admissions from other facilities from 59% to 68%, which resulted in a surge of residents with pre-existing and complex wounds. High staff turnover and inconsistent wound care practices were also observed. Research suggests that healthcare institutions with high attrition may experience degradations of clinical knowledge, skill proficiency, and safe, quality nursing care delivery. Evidence supports the use of simulation-based education sessions to improve staff knowledge and clinical skill proficiency involving wound care. The purpose of this project was to ensure safe, quality, evidence-based nursing practice of long-term care residents at risk for impaired skin integrity and wound healing. The project aims included a systematic record review to evaluate the incorporation of simulation-based scenario techniques into an existing wound care training program and examine its effects on clinical knowledge, skill proficiency, and satisfaction. The Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement framework guided this project. Results of a paired-t test indicated a significant difference between Pre-test (M = 24.9, SD = 7.2) and Post-test knowledge following the implementation of simulation-based scenarios in wound care training (M = 64.3, SD = 19.4), t(26) = 9.8, p < .001). Other results following the integration of hands-on wound care simulation-based training included 100% skill proficiency and 89% staff satisfaction (n = 27). Identified barriers and sustainment recommendations were provided to key stakeholders. The project results can serve as a beginning point for a greater understanding of evidence-based practices and quality improvement approaches for educators and leaders who oversee the nursing care of residents at risk for impaired skin integrity and wound healing in skilled nursing facilities.
ENO-Based High-Order Data-Bounded and Constrained Positivity-Preserving Interpolation
Creators: name: Ouermi, Timbwaoga A. J.
name: Kirby, Robert M.
name: Berzins, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65D05 65D15

description: A number of key scientific computing applications that are based upon tensor-product grid constructions, such as numerical weather prediction (NWP) and combustion simulations, require property-preserving interpolation. Essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) interpolation is a classic example of such interpolation schemes. In the aforementioned application areas, property preservation often manifests itself as a requirement for either data boundedness or positivity preservation. For example, in NWP, one may have to interpolate between the grid on which the dynamics is calculated to a grid on which the physics is calculated (and back). Interpolating density or other key physical quantities without accounting for property preservation may lead to negative values that are nonphysical and result in inaccurate representations and/or interpretations of the physical data. Property-preserving interpolation is straightforward when used in the context of low-order numerical simulation methods. High-order property-preserving interpolation is, however, nontrivial, especially in the case where the interpolation points are not equispaced. In this paper, we demonstrate that it is possible to construct high-order interpolation methods that ensure either data boundedness or constrained positivity preservation. A novel feature of the algorithm is that the positivity-preserving interpolant is constrained; that is, the amount by which it exceeds the data values may be strictly controlled. The algorithm we have developed comes with theoretical estimates that provide sufficient conditions for data boundedness and constrained positivity preservation. We demonstrate the application of our algorithm on a collection of 1D and 2D numerical examples, and show that in all cases property preservation is respected.