cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DEMAND FOR FOOD QUANTITY AND QUALITY IN CHINA
Creators: name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: Huang, Kuo S.
name: Gale, H. Frederick
name: Huang, Kuo S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: China
subject: food
subject: consumption
subject: demand
subject: income
subject: elasticities
subject: Engel curve
subject: households
subject: rural
subject: urban

description: As their incomes rise, Chinese consumers are changing their diets and demanding greater quality, convenience, and safety in food. Food expenditures grow faster than quantities purchased as income rises, suggesting that consumers with higher incomes purchase more expensive foods. The top-earning Chinese households appear to have reached a point where the income elasticity of demand for quantity of most foods is near zero. China’s food market is becoming segmented. The demand for quality by high-income households has fueled recent growth in modern food retail and sales of premium-priced food and beverage products. Food expenditures and incomes have grown much more slowly for rural and low-income urban households.
Standard Operating Procedures for Digital Health - EMA and PS - Acquisition in the Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Schizophrenia Program
Creators: name: Accelerating Medicines Partnership for Schizophrenia Digital Health Team
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This document describes the standard operating procedures used in the AMP SCZ program to acquire Digital Health - Ecological Momentary Assessment and Passive sensing -  data for ~2,500 participants on a daily basis.
Diffusion Monte Carlo with lattice regularization
Creators: name: Casula, Michele
name: Filippi, Claudia
name: Sorella, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an efficient lattice regularization scheme for quantum Monte Carlo calculations of realistic electronic systems. The kinetic term is discretized by a finite difference Laplacian with two mesh sizes, a and a', where a'/a is an irrational number so that the electronic coordinates are not defined on a particular lattice but on the continuous configuration space. The regularized Hamiltonian goes to the continuous limit for a -> 0 and provides several advantages. In particular, it allows the inclusion of non-local potentials in a consistent variational scheme, substantially improving the accuracy upon previous non-variational approaches.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
The creation of new entities: stakeholders and shareholders in 19th century Italian co-operatives
Creators: name: Battilani, Patrizia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: SECS-P/12 Storia economica

description: The numerous studies made of the persistence of the co-operative movement during the course of the 20th century, have often distinguished between economic efficiency and the ethical values (or ideologies) in questioni, as if the two were separate phenomena moving in parallel  irections.
However, over the past fifteen years at least two  pproaches have led to an interweaving of the cultural aspects of co-operation with the question of economic efficiency: the Putnam’s concept of social capital and  he property rights model based on the work of Henry Hansmann.
In associating myself with an approach, where efficiency is linked with “culture”, I wish to examine the cultural components of the Italian cooperative movement which emerged from three different socio-cultural traditions: liberalism, catholicism and socialism. Despite their differences, all three seem to share what we refer to here as the “ideal of community happiness”, that is the ideal of a collaboration among citizens for the improvement of the standard of living of the whole community. In this paper we will measure the popularity of this culture in the various Italian regions by per capita welfare expenditure in 1880 and 1900. At that time everything spent for helping people in need was given by friendly societies, catholic charities and local councils and nothing came from the central state. Therefore only the spreading of non-profit societies and a proactive attitude by local councils could generate high per capita welfare expenditure. Indeed, such indicator would seem to be closely linked to co-operative expansion during the second half of the 19th century, and would thus appear to provide an explanation for the non-homogeneous 212 geographical distribution of Italian co-operatives. The main conclusion of this essay is that in the early stages the link with the political and cultural movements was crucial not only for the emergence but above all for the viability of cooperative enterprises by reducing the costs associated with collective decision making.
COST PASS-THROUGH IN THE U.S. COFFEE INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Nakamura, Alice
name: Nakamura, Emi
name: Zerom, Dawit
name: Leibtag, Ephraim S.
name: Nakamura, Alice
name: Nakamura, Emi
name: Zerom, Dawit
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: cost pass-through
subject: retail prices
subject: manufacturer prices
subject: commodity costs
subject: coffee

description: A rich data set of coffee prices and costs was used to determine to what extent changes in commodity costs affect manufacturer and retail prices. On average, a 10-cent increase in the cost of a pound of green coffee beans in a given quarter results in a 2-cent increase in manufacturer and retail prices in that quarter. If a cost change persists for several quarters, it will be incorporated into manufacturer prices approximately cent-forcent with the commodity-cost change. Given the substantial fixed costs and markups involved in coffee manufacturing, this translates into about a 3-percent change in retail prices for a 10-percent change in commodity prices. We do not find robust evidence that coffee prices respond more to increases than to decreases in costs.
How do Performance Targets Affect Future Performance by Students and Schools?
Creators: name: Sartarelli, Marcello
name: Tampieri, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: The paper examines whether meeting performance targets in tests at school has an effect on students' subsequent achievement in education and the take-up by schools of financial support from the government for students. We build a theoretical model to describe the channels through which students' belief of their ability, as proxied by previous performance in tests, affect their current effort in preparing for a test, and how previous performance affects the effort in teaching by a school. We find that an increase in the performance target in the first test has an ambiguous effect on the effort exerted for the second test. A higher performance target in the current test increases the effort of low-ability students and teaching effort for low ability students, while it has an ambiguous effect on high ability ones. Finally, an increase in government funding per student increases the effort by students.
The Cost of Living and the Geographic Distribution of Poverty
Creators: name: Jolliffe, Dean
name: Jolliffe, Dean
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Poverty
subject: cost-of-living adjustments
subject: Fair Market Rents data
subject: urban-rural comparison
subject: sample design
subject: Current Population Survey

description: The prevalence of poverty has been greater in nonmetro areas than in metro areas in every year since the 1960s when poverty rates were first officially recorded. Accordingly, Federal funds for social assistance programs and community development have favored nonmetro areas. This study suggests that adjusting poverty measures to account for cost-of-living differences between metro and nonmetro areas reverses that ranking. Once adjusted for cost-of-living differences using the Fair Market Rents index, metro poverty is greater than nonmetro poverty in terms of prevalence, depth, and severity over the entire 1991-2002 study period.
Development of a $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr source for the calibration of the CENNS-10 Liquid Argon Detector
Creators: name: COHERENT Collaboration
name: Akimov, D.
name: An, P.
name: Awe, C.
name: Barbeau, P. S.
name: Becker, B.
name: Belov, V.
name: Bernardi, I.
name: Blackston, M. A.
name: Blokland, L.
name: Bolozdynya, A.
name: Cabrera-Palmer, B.
name: Chen, N.
name: Chernyak, D.
name: Conley, E.
name: Daughhetee, J.
name: Coello, M. del Valle
name: Detwiler, J. A.
name: Durand, M. R.
name: Efremenko, Y.
name: Elliott, S. R.
name: Fabris, L.
name: Febbraro, M.
name: Fox, W.
name: Galindo-Uribarri, A.
name: Rosso, A. Gallo
name: Green, M. P.
name: Hansen, K. S.
name: Heath, M. R.
name: Hedges, S.
name: Hughes, M.
name: Johnson, T.
name: Khromov, A.
name: Konovalov, A.
name: Kozlova, E.
name: Kumpan, A.
name: Li, L.
name: Librande, J. T.
name: Link, J. M.
name: Liu, J.
name: Mann, K.
name: Markoff, D. M.
name: McGoldrick, O.
name: Mueller, P. E.
name: Newby, J.
name: Parno, D. S.
name: Pentilla, S.
name: Pershey, D.
name: Radford, D.
name: Rapp, R.
name: Ray, H.
name: Raybern, J.
name: Razuvaeva, O.
name: Reyna, D.
name: Rich, G. C.
name: Rudik, D.
name: Runge, J.
name: Salvat, D. J.
name: Scholberg, K.
name: Shakirov, A.
name: Simakov, G.
name: Snow, W. M.
name: Sosnovtsev, V.
name: Suh, B.
name: Tayloe, R.
name: Tellez-Giron-Flores, K.
name: Thornton, R. T.
name: Tolstukhin, I.
name: Vanderwerp, J.
name: Varner, R. L.
name: Venkataraman, R.
name: Virtue, C. J.
name: Visser, G.
name: Wiseman, C.
name: Wongjirad, T.
name: Yang, J.
name: Yen, Y. -R.
name: Yoo, J.
name: Yu, C. -H.
name: Zettlemoyer, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the preparation of and calibration measurements with a $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr source for the CENNS-10 liquid argon detector. $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr atoms generated in the decay of a $^{83}$Rb source were introduced into the detector via injection into the Ar circulation loop. Scintillation light arising from the 9.4 keV and 32.1 keV conversion electrons in the decay of $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr in the detector volume were then observed. This calibration source allows the characterization of the low-energy response of the CENNS-10 detector and is applicable to other low-energy-threshold detectors. The energy resolution of the detector was measured to be 9$\%$ at the total $^{83\mathrm{m}}$Kr decay energy of 41.5 keV. We performed an analysis to separately calibrate the detector using the two conversion electrons at 9.4 keV and 32.1 keV
description: v2: As accepted to JINST
Conservation-Compatible Practices and Programs: Who Participates?
Creators: name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Foreman, Linda F.
name: Lambert, Dayton M.
name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: Claassen, Roger
name: Foreman, Linda F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Conservation programs
subject: conservation-compatible management practices
subject: conservation structures
subject: farm households
subject: Conservation Reserve Program
subject: Environmental Quality Incentives Program

description: In recent years, the Federal Government has increased its emphasis on conservation programs that reward good stewardship on working farmland. This report examines the business, operator, and household characteristics of farms that have adopted certain conservation-compatible practices, with and without financial assistance from government conservation programs. The analysis finds that characteristics of the farm operator and household, in addition to the characteristics of the farm business, are associated with both the likelihood that a farmer will adopt certain conservation-compatible practices and the degree to which the farmer participates in different types of conservation programs. For example, operators of small farm operations and operators not primarily focused on farming are less likely to adopt conservation-compatible farming practices that are management-intensive and to participate in working-land conservation programs than operators of large enterprises whose primary occupation is farming.
Till Labor Cost Do Us Part. On the Long Run Convergence of EMU Countries
Creators: name: Pancotto, Francesca
name: Pericoli, Filippo Maria
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2012
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: A sustainable long-run pattern in the relative competitiveness of euro area countries is a key factor for the survivorship of the monetary union. We analyze the issue focussing on unit labor cost dynamics using cointegration analysis for the whole economy and for the manufacturing sector separately. Our findings show that the introduction of the euro has increased, rather than decreased, the distance among member countries, as measured in the metric of unit labor costs. Dispersion of productivity rather than wage compensation suggests that persisting idiosyncratic dynamics are driven by real factors, i.e. diverging technological patterns rather than by monetary factors, expressed by wage compensation.
Renationalization of the Common Agricultural Policy: Mission Impossible?
Creators: name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
name: Kola, Jukka
name: Niemi, Jyrki S.
name: Kola, Jukka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: CAP
subject: Renationalization
subject: Regionalization
subject: Subsidiary

description: The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the EU does not currently meet the different needs of diverse agricultural conditions of different member countries in a just and equal way. To meet this challenge has become inevitably more difficult as new and diverse Central and Eastern European countries have entered the Community. Several commentators and economists have thus suggested that a renationalization of the CAP would be an applicable way to proceed in an attempt to pursue a policy sensitive enough to national and regional or local needs and priorities. Renationalization mainly deals with two issues: (i) should member states have more power and freedom on decisions of agricultural policy, and (ii) should there be a shift from common financing back to national funds? This paper discusses these issues from a political-economy perspective.
Additional file 1 of THF co-solvent pretreatment prevents lignin redeposition from interfering with enzymes yielding prolonged cellulase activity
Creators: name: Abhishek S. Patri
name: Ramya Mohan
name: Yunqiao Pu
name: Yoo, Chang G.
name: Ragauskas, Arthur J.
name: Kumar, Rajeev
name: Kisailus, David
name: Cai, Charles M.
name: Wyman, Charles E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Information
New Test of Supernova Electron Neutrino Emission using Sudbury Neutrino Observatory Sensitivity to the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background
Creators: name: Beacom, John F.
name: Strigari, Louis E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Supernovae are rare nearby, but they are not rare in the Universe, and all past core-collapse supernovae contributed to the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB), for which the near-term detection prospects are very good. The Super-Kamiokande limit on the DSNB electron {\it antineutrino} flux, $ϕ(E_ν> 19.3 {\rm MeV}) < 1.2$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, is just above the range of recent theoretical predictions based on the measured star formation rate history. We show that the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory should be able to test the corresponding DSNB electron {\it neutrino} flux with a sensitivity as low as $ϕ(22.5 < E_ν< 32.5 {\rm MeV}) \simeq 6 $ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$, improving the existing Mont Blanc limit by about three orders of magnitude. While conventional supernova models predict comparable electron neutrino and antineutrino fluxes, it is often considered that the first (and forward-directed) SN 1987A event in the Kamiokande-II detector should be attributed to electron-neutrino scattering with an electron, which would require a substantially enhanced electron neutrino flux. We show that with the required enhancements in either the burst or thermal phase $ν_e$ fluxes, the DSNB electron neutrino flux would generally be detectable in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory. A direct experimental test could then resolve one of the enduring mysteries of SN 1987A: whether the first Kamiokande-II event reveals a serious misunderstanding of supernova physics, or was simply an unlikely statistical fluctuation. Thus the electron neutrino sensitivity of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is an important complement to the electron antineutrino sensitivity of Super-Kamiokande in the quest to understand the DSNB.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Weak Hopf monoids in braided monoidal categories
Creators: name: Pastro, Craig
name: Street, Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16W30; 18B40; 18D10

description: We develop the theory of weak bimonoids in braided monoidal categories and show them to be quantum categories in a certain sense. Weak Hopf monoids are shown to be quantum groupoids. Each separable Frobenius monoid R leads to a weak Hopf monoid R \otimes R.
description: 45 pages
Welfare and excess volatility of exchange rates
Creators: name: Salto, Matteo
name: Pietra, Tito
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We study the properties of a GEI model with nominal assets, outside money (injected into the economy as in Magill and Quinzii), and multiple currencies. We analyze the existence of monetary equilibria and the structure of the equilibrium set under two different assumptions on the determination of the exchange rates. If currencies are perfect substitutes, equilibrium allocations are indeterminate and, generically, sunspot equilibria exist. Generically, given a nonsunspot equilibrium, there are Pareto improving (and Pareto worsening) sunspot equilibria associated with an increase in the volatility of the future exchange rates. We interpret this property as showing that, in general, there is no clear-cut effect on welfare of the excess volatility of exchange rates, even when due to purely extrinsic phenomena.
Searching for gravitational waves from known pulsars
Creators: name: Pitkin, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present upper limits on the amplitude of gravitational waves from 28 isolated pulsars using data from the second science run of LIGO. The results are also expressed as a constraint on the pulsars' equatorial ellipticities. We discuss a new way of presenting such ellipticity upper limits that takes account of the uncertainties of the pulsar moment of inertia. We also extend our previous method to search for known pulsars in binary systems, of which there are about 80 in the sensitive frequency range of LIGO and GEO 600.
description: Accepted by CQG for the proceeding of GWDAW9, 7 pages, 2 figures
The Chiral Algebra of Genus Two Class $\mathcal{S}$ Theory
Creators: name: Kiyoshige, Kazuki
name: Nishinaka, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct the chiral algebra associated with the $A_{1}$-type class $\mathcal{S}$ theory for genus two Riemann surface without punctures. By solving the BRST cohomology problem corresponding to a marginal gauging in four dimensions, we find a set of chiral algebra generators that form closed OPEs. Given the fact that they reproduce the spectrum of chiral algebra operators up to large dimensions, we conjecture that they are the complete set of generators. Remarkably, their OPEs are invariant under an action of $SU(2)$ which is not associated with any conserved one-form current in four dimensions. We find that this novel $SU(2)$ strongly constrains the OPEs of non-scalar Schur operators. For completeness, we also check the equivalence of Schur indices computed in two S-dual descriptions with a non-vanishing flavor fugacity turned on.
description: 41 pages, 1 figure; minor typos corrected, results unchanged
Additional file 1 of Direct detection of Helicobacter pylori from biopsies of patients in Lagos, Nigeria using real-time PCR—a pilot study
Creators: name: A. Ajayi
name: T. Jolaiya
name: S. I. Smith
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Primers used in the detection of H. pylori by TaqMan and EvaGreen qPCR assay.
Chinese Consumers' Preferences for Livestock Products
Creators: name: Peng, Xuehua
name: Marchant, Mary A.
name: Qin, Xiang Dong
name: Zhuang, Jun
name: Peng, Xuehua
name: Marchant, Mary A.
name: Qin, Xiang Dong
name: Zhuang, Jun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: China
subject: Factor analysis
subject: Livestock products
subject: Ordered-probit model

description: This research surveyed over 784 Chinese consumers in Shanghai and Nanjing in 2001 and 2002, evaluating their preferences for livestock product attributes using ordered-probit models and factor analyses. Empirical results confirm the heterogeneity of Chinese livestock retail markets and suggest that livestock distributors should focus on Chinese female consumers and young consumers considering cooking convenience as a key attribute. Chinese consumers with higher incomes placed less importance on product price and shopping environment and more importance on product quality and brand name. Highly-educated Chinese consumers placed more importance on the brand name attribute. Our findings also indicate that it is crucial for U.S. livestock exporters to create an excellent external product image such as brand name, packaging, cooking convenience and shopping environment. Marketing strategies to consider include building a brand name for livestock products, designing attractive packaging with suitable size, making products easy to cook and creating a comfortable shopping environment.
On the recovery of geometrodynamics from two different sets of first principles
Creators: name: Anderson, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The conventional spacetime formulation of general relativity may be recast as a dynamics of spatial 3-geometries (geometrodynamics). Furthermore, geometrodynamics can be derived from first principles. I investigate two distinct sets of these: (i) Hojman, Kuchař and Teitelboim's, which presuppose that the spatial 3-geometries are embedded in spacetime. (ii) The 3-space approach of Barbour, Foster, Ó Murchadha and Anderson in which the spatial 3-geometries are presupposed but spacetime is not. I consider how the constituent postulates of the conventional approach to relativity emerge or are to be built into these formulations. I argue that the 3-space approach is a viable description of classical physics (fundamental matter fields included), and one which affords considerable philosophical insight because of its `relationalist' character. From these assumptions of less structure, it is also interesting that conventional relativity can be recovered (albeit as one of several options). However, contrary to speculation in the earlier 3-space approach papers, I also argue that this approach is not selective over which sorts of fundamental matter physics it admits. In particular, it does not imply the equivalence principle.
description: Replaced by version Accepted by Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics
Local administration funding and regional disparities in Italy before WW1
Creators: name: Battilani, Patrizia
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/12 Storia economica

description: Numerous studies have been made of regional differences in income and level of development in Italy, and these studies basically differ in the responses they give to the question of whether the said differences were already of a substantial nature prior to Unification, or whether in fact they have widened since then. 

The present essay is going to examine this problem by focusing on the local administrative system adopted after Italian Unification, in order to ascertain the existence of a different approach to public intervention at the local level, and thus to the existence of disparities in local public spending. The paper offers an analysis of the actual working of the post-Unification administrative system in Italy, in terms both of the powers attributed to Italy’s municipalities and provinces, and of the degree of autonomy they had in deciding on funding methods. This analysis aims to ascertain whether the chosen strategy could have been maintained in a state characterized by strong regional differences, and to establish the kind of impact such a strategy had on the regional differences themselves. 

The main conclusion is that in absence of any sort of automatic transfer from the more industrialized regions to the poor ones, the adoption of a decentralized tax system for the financing of local public expenditure contributed to the deepening of regional divide. As a consequence at the beginning of the 19th century the central government started to subsidize the poorest regions and little by little move towards a more centralized fiscal system.
Adoption of Internet Strategies by Agribusiness Firms
Creators: name: Henderson, Jason R.
name: Dooley, Frank J.
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Carerre, Antonio
name: Henderson, Jason R.
name: Dooley, Frank J.
name: Akridge, Jay T.
name: Carerre, Antonio
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Internet
subject: E-commerce
subject: Supply-chain
subject: Transaction costs
subject: Ordered Probit

description: This paper explores the factors guiding Internet adoption by agribusiness firms. The relationship between Internet strategies and manager perceptions on the barriers to and catalysts for Internet adoption are analyzed in a supply-chain management framework. Using factor analysis and an ordered Probit model, results indicate that Internet strategies are more likely to be adopted in larger firms with a global scope. Also, manager perceptions regarding the impact of Internet adoption on transaction costs are just as likely to influence adoption as the perceived impacts on more traditional production costs.
Null infinity as an open Hamiltonian system
Creators: name: Wieland, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a system emits gravitational radiation, the Bondi mass decreases. If the Bondi energy is Hamiltonian, it can thus only be a time dependent Hamiltonian. In this paper, we show that the Bondi energy can be understood as a time-dependent Hamiltonian on the covariant phase space. Our derivation starts from the Hamiltonian formulation in domains with boundaries that are null. We introduce the most general boundary conditions on a generic such null boundary, and compute quasi-local charges for boosts, energy and angular momentum. Initially, these domains are at finite distance, such that there is a natural IR regulator. To remove the IR regulator, we introduce a double null foliation together with an adapted Newman--Penrose null tetrad. Both null directions are surface orthogonal. We study the falloff conditions for such specific null foliations and take the limit to null infinity. At null infinity, we recover the Bondi mass and the usual covariant phase space for the two radiative modes at the full non-perturbative level. Apart from technical results, the framework gives two important physical insights. First of all, it explains the physical significance of the corner term that is added in the Wald--Zoupas framework to render the quasi-conserved charges integrable. The term to be added is simply the derivative of the Hamiltonian with respect to the background fields that drive the time-dependence of the Hamiltonian. Secondly, we propose a new interpretation of the Bondi mass as the thermodynamical free energy of gravitational edge modes at future null infinity. The Bondi mass law is then simply the statement that the free energy always decreases on its way towards thermal equilibrium.
description: published version, typos removed
Explaining the Size Distribution of Plants: An Approach Based on Civic Capital
Creators: name: Burker, Matthias
name: Minerva, G. Alfredo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: We show that the distribution of plant size within narrowly defined industries is affected by the variation in the stock of civic capital that occurs at the provincial level. Data on plant size come from the 2001 Italian Census of Manufacturing and Services. Civic capital turns out to have a positive effect on both the average and the standard deviation of the plant size distribution. This effect is stronger in labor-intensive industries. The potential endogeneity of current civic capital is addressed by instrumenting it with historical variables. Our interpretation for these results is that civic capital is associated with reduced opportunistic behavior, which improves intra-firm cooperation and hampers the incidence of principal-agent problems, thus allowing plants to operate on a larger scale
Disk evolution since z=1 in a CDM Universe
Creators: name: Brook, C. B.
name: Kawata, D.
name: Martel, H.
name: Gibson, B. K.
name: Bailin, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Increasingly large populations of disk galaxies are now being observed at increasingly high redshifts, providing new constraints on our knowledge of how such galaxies evolve. Are these observations consistent with a cosmology in which structures form hierarchically? To probe this question, we employ SPH/N-body galaxy scale simulations of late-type galaxies. We examine the evolution of these simulated disk galaxies from redshift 1 to 0, looking at the mass-size and luminosity-size relations, and the thickness parameter, defined as the ratio of scale-height to scale-length. The structural parameters of our simulated disks settle down quickly, and after redshift z=1 the galaxies evolve to become only slightly flatter. Our present day simulated galaxies are larger, more massive, less bright, and redder than at z=1. The inside-out nature of the growth of our simulated galaxies reduces, and perhaps eliminates, expectations of evolution in the size-mass relation.
description: accepted version, to appear in ApJ 01 March 2006, v639
title: Regional design
Creators: name: Balz, Verena
Publisher: name: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment
Year: 2019

description: In recent decades the Netherlands has seen an increase in the use of regional design-led practices in national indicative planning. Despite this, the interrelations between design and planning decision making are not well understood and attempts to involve the expertise and ambition of designers in planning have had unclear outcomes. This paper elaborates on the role and position of regional design in indicative planning. It is argued that design in this realm resembles discretionary action, implying that design both influences, and is influenced by, prevailing planning rationales. An analytical framework is developed on these grounds and applied to a set of regional design initiatives that evolved in the context of Dutch national plans between 1988 and 2012. Significantly, the analysis reveals forms of discretional control that shape the creative design practice, of particular importance being the flexibility of planning guidance and the resulting room for interpretation. In theoretical terms, the article contributes to the discussion of how design – as an explorative search for solutions to problems in a particular spatial context – and design theory can contribute to an understanding of the multiple planning experiments emerging in this post-regulative era.
description: A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment, No 6 (2019): Regional Design | Discretionary Approaches to Planning in the Netherlands
Farmers of the Future: Market Segmentation and Buying Behavior
Creators: name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Doehring, Todd
name: Sonka, Steven T.
name: Boehlje, Michael
name: Doehring, Todd
name: Sonka, Steven T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Structural change
subject: Buying behavior
subject: Marketing strategy
subject: Farm size

description: Dramatic structural changes are occurring in U.S. and world agriculture. These changes have important implications for the customer base and marketing strategy of input supply manufacturers, distributors and retailers. The framework and model presented can and is being used to understand structural change in production agriculture on a global basis.
Open Innovation in a Dynamic Cournot Duopoly
Creators: name: Hasnas, Irina
name: Lambertini, Luca
name: Palestini, Arsen
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: We analyze an Open Innovation process in a Cournot duopoly using a differential game approach where knowledge spillovers are endogenously determined via the R&D process. The game produces multiple steady states, allowing for an asymmetric solution where a firm may trade off the R&D investment against information absorption from the rival.
A general approach to compute the relevance of middle-level input features
Creators: name: Apicella, Andrea
name: Giugliano, Salvatore
name: Isgrò, Francesco
name: Prevete, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work proposes a novel general framework, in the context of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), to construct explanations for the behaviour of Machine Learning (ML) models in terms of middle-level features. One can isolate two different ways to provide explanations in the context of XAI: low and middle-level explanations. Middle-level explanations have been introduced for alleviating some deficiencies of low-level explanations such as, in the context of image classification, the fact that human users are left with a significant interpretive burden: starting from low-level explanations, one has to identify properties of the overall input that are perceptually salient for the human visual system. However, a general approach to correctly evaluate the elements of middle-level explanations with respect ML model responses has never been proposed in the literature.
description: Presented on the Explainable Deep Learning/AI (EDL/AI) Workshop during the 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR2020)
The 300 "Correlators" Suggests 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 SUSY Is a Solution to a Set of Sudoku Puzzles
Creators: name: Cianciara, Aleksander J.
name: Gates, S. James
name: Hu, Yangrui
name: Kirk, Renee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A conjecture is made that the weight space for 4D, $\cal N$-extended supersymmetrical representations is embedded within the permutahedra associated with permutation groups ${\mathbb{S}}{}_{d}$. Adinkras and Coxeter Groups associated with minimal representations of 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 supersymmetry provide evidence supporting this conjecture. It is shown the appearance of the mathematics of 4D, $\cal N$ = 1 minimal off-shell supersymmetry representations is equivalent to solving a four color problem on the truncated octahedron. This observation suggest an entirely new way to approach the off-shell SUSY auxiliary field problem based on IT algorithms probing the properties of ${\mathbb{S}}{}_{d}$.
description: LaTeX twice, 39 pages, 14 figures, 28 tables (v2 added one table and associated content, v3 note added in proof comment)
Teams or Tournaments? A Field Experiment on Cooperation and Competition in Academic Achievement
Creators: name: Bigoni, Maria
name: Fort, Margherita
name: Nardotto, Mattia
name: Reggiani, Tommaso
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2011
Subjects: SECS-P/01 Economia politica

description: This paper assesses the effect of two stylized and antithetic non-monetary incentive schemes on students’ effort. We collect data from a field experiment where incentives are exogenously imposed, performance is monitored and individual characteristics are observed. Students are randomly assigned to a tournament scheme that fosters competition between coupled students, a cooperative scheme that promotes information sharing and collaboration between students and a control treatment in which students can neither compete, nor cooperate. In line with theoretical predictions, we find that competition induces higher effort with respect to cooperation and cooperation does not increase effort with respect to the baseline. However, this is true only for men, while women do not seem to react to non-monetary incentives.
New Product Development in Thai Agro-Industry: Explaining the Rates of Innovation and Success in Innovation
Creators: name: Dhamvithee, Pisit
name: Shankar, Bhavani
name: Jangchud, Anuvat
name: Wuttijumnong, Phaisarn
name: Dhamvithee, Pisit
name: Shankar, Bhavani
name: Jangchud, Anuvat
name: Wuttijumnong, Phaisarn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: New product development
subject: Thailand
subject: Food industry
subject: Innovation.

description: The Thai food industry is amongst the most dynamic and diverse in the world. Continual innovation in the form of new product development is critical to this industry, and yet new products are more likely to fail than succeed. In this paper,we investigate factors explaining both the rate of new product development as well as the rate of success in products newly introduced into the market, using data from a survey of firms. The methodology involves a Poisson regression to investigate the determinants of innovation and a Least Squares regression to explain success rates in innovation.
Decay of Boson Stars with Application to Glueballs and Other Real Scalars
Creators: name: Hertzberg, Mark P.
name: Rompineve, Fabrizio
name: Yang, Jessie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most interesting candidates for dark matter are massive real scalar particles. A well-motivated example is from a pure Yang-Mills hidden sector, which locks up into glueballs in the early universe. The lightest glueball states are scalar particles and can act as a form of bosonic dark matter. If self-interactions are repulsive this can potentially lead to very massive boson stars, where the inward gravitational force is balanced by the repulsive self-interaction. This can also arise from elementary real scalars with a regular potential. In the literature it has been claimed that this allows for astrophysically significant boson stars with high compactness, which could undergo binary mergers and generate detectable gravitational waves. Here we show that previous analyses did not take into proper account $3 \to 2$ and $4 \to 2$ quantum mechanical annihilation processes in the core of the star, while other work misinterpreted the classical $3 \to 1$ process. In this work, we compute the annihilation rates, finding that massive stars will rapidly decay from the $3 \to 2$ or $4 \to 2$ processes (while the $3 \to 1$ process is typically small). Using the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations, we also estimate the binding energy of these stars, showing that even the densest stars do not have quite enough binding energy to prevent annihilations. For such boson stars to live for the current age of the universe and to be consistent with bounds on dark matter scattering in galaxies, we find the following upper bound on their mass for $O(1)$ self-interaction couplings: $M_*<10^{-18}M_{sun}$ when $3 \to 2$ processes are allowed and $M_*<10^{-11}M_{sun}$ when only $4 \to 2$ processes are allowed. We also estimate destabilization from parametric resonance which can considerably constrain the phase space further. Furthermore, such stars are required to have very small compactness to be long lived.
description: 21 pages in double column format, 8 figures. V2: Uploaded appropriate version of figure 5 lower panel. Other minor changes. V3: Some updates. V4: Updated towards version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D. V5: Fixed constraint plots. V6: Updated to published version
Orthoptera
Creators: name: Mol, Abbas
name: Şirin, Deniz
name: Taylan, Mehmet Sait
name: Sevgili, Hasan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera

description: Ordo: Orthoptera  Suborder: Caelifera
description: Published as part of Mol, Abbas, Şirin, Deniz, Taylan, Mehmet Sait & Sevgili, Hasan, 2023, A review of the Anatolian Gomphocerus Thunberg, 1815 (Orthoptera: Acrididae Gomphocerinae) via morphological and bioacoustics characters: data suggesting a new species, a new subgenus and three new statuses, pp. 401-429 in Zootaxa 5353 (5) on page 412, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5353.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10010058
Navigation on a Poisson point process
Creators: name: Bordenave, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60D05, 05C05 (Primary) 90C27, 60G55 (Secondary)

description: On a locally finite point set, a navigation defines a path through the point set from one point to another. The set of paths leading to a given point defines a tree known as the navigation tree. In this article, we analyze the properties of the navigation tree when the point set is a Poisson point process on $\mathbb{R}^d$. We examine the local weak convergence of the navigation tree, the asymptotic average of a functional along a path, the shape of the navigation tree and its topological ends. We illustrate our work in the small-world graphs where new results are established.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/07-AAP472 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Additional file 1 of Overview of lithium's use: a nationwide survey
Creators: name: Mendiola, Xabier Pérez De
name: Hidalgo-Mazzei, Diego
name: Vieta, Eduard
name: González-Pinto, Ana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix S1. The questionnaire. Appendix S2: Complementary figures and tables.
Veggies 4U's Energy Pricing Dilemma
Creators: name: Braga, Francesco S.
name: Braga, Francesco S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Energy price risk
subject: Natural gas supply contract
subject: Financial engineering
subject: Risk

description: Veggies 4U is a young and dynamic family-run greenhouse: Lucy and her husband run the business with the help of a small group of friends and colleagues who serve on the company's Board of Directors. Lucy is preparing a report to the Board to recommend a natural gas supply contract for the next three years. The company has received four different contract offers, ranging from a simple forward contract, to a maximum cost contract with a price floor. The case focuses on the pricing and risk management opportunities offered by an integrated North American natural gas market. Lucy has to assess the different supply contract offers received by the company and to reverse engineer them in order to benchmark their cost with that of potential synthetic alternatives Veggies 4U could build. Once Lucy has decided what to recommend, she has to sell it to the Board.
Policies and Measures for Multifunctional Agriculture: Experts' Insight
Creators: name: Arovuori, Kyösti
name: Kola, Jukka
name: Arovuori, Kyösti
name: Kola, Jukka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Multifunctional agriculture
subject: Agricultural policies
subject: Policy Delphi
subject: Finland

description: Multifunctionality of agriculture is with the growing importance in agricultural policies. The main argument behind multifunctionality is that agricultural production and thus, the whole agricultural sector has multiple roles, not just to produce food and fiber, but also to provide several non-market commodities. Although agricultural policies in Europe set more and more emphasis on the importance of these non-commodity outputs it is hard to find policy measures designed directly for multifunctionality. The aim of our study is to find out actual and preferred policy measures in order to improve and/or to maintain the multifunctional role of agriculture. We have interviewed 24 Finnish experts about multifunctional agriculture and agricultural policy related issues, by using applied policy Delphi method. The results show, that a wider role of agriculture is highly acknowledged among Finnish experts. However, in its broadest definition, no undivided acceptance for the concept of multifunctionality was found. The policy measures part gives evidence that also the current policy measures included in the EU's Common Agricultural Policy have elements that improve multifunctionality, especially those in the agri-environmental support scheme. Yet, there is a need for targeted measures based on different national, regional and local agricultural conditions. In addition, the implementation of these measures needs more cooperation between different sector policies as well as among the different operators in the whole supply chain.