cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Binge Eating Among Black and Latina Women
Creators: name: Barger, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Binge eating is gaining recognition as one of the most prevalent and detrimental
patterns of disordered eating in the United States across all races, ethnicities, ages and
socioeconomic backgrounds. However, little is known about the factors related to binge
eating among Black and Latina women. This study examined the potential correlates of
binge eating in a sample of Black and Latina women selected for binge eating, with an
interest in factors that may be uniquely relevant to the racial/ethnic groups. Higher levels of
body dissatisfaction, dieting, perfectionism and discrimination were predicted to be
associated with higher levels of binge eating, whereas greater racial/ethnic identity and
religious faith were predicted to be associated with lower levels of binge eating. Trend-level
findings suggest that maladaptive perfectionism was correlated with higher levels of binge
eating among Black women, and that a dimension of perfectionism typically conceptualized
as adaptive was associated with higher levels of binge eating among Latina women. Greater
weight and shape concerns, dieting and discrimination were positively correlated with binge
eating among Black women, while racial/ethnic identity was negatively correlated.
Religious faith was not a significant correlate of binge eating in either group. Regression
analyses revealed that the maladaptive dimension of perfectionism, Concern over Mistakes,
and dieting accounted for unique variance in binge eating the group of Black women.
Clinical implications of the study include further investigation of the impact of
discrimination on disordered eating and the possible integration of a perfectionism module
in CBT programs for Latina and Black women who binge eat.
‘Mommy, why daddy is not at home?’ : the case of parental leave in Sweden and Canada
Creators: name: Bamhorová, Klaudia
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: parents
family
Canada
Sweden
social rights
equality
feminism

description: Second semester University: Uppsala University
description: This thesis is devoted to the analysis of the gender (un)equal uptake of parental leave and the current situations of fathering in Sweden and Canada. The main task of this work is to present the understanding of why fathers do not engage in care-taking as much as mothers do. The theoretical part of this work focuses on feminist theories that explain the lack of engagement of fathers and further factors that explain the unequal uptake of parental leave. Whereas the practical part analyses the uptake of parental leave by fathers in Sweden and Canada. In the last chapter, the theoretical understanding discussed in the first part of this thesis are applied to the case studies. The results of this work show that there is a need to tear down the socially constructed gender attributes via right policies accompanied by right programmes, regional and international cooperation and enhance the “family-friendliness” of all organizations in order to increase the equality in care-taking.
Severely calcified superior mesenteric artery stenosis treated with intravascular lithotripsy. A case report
Creators: name: Miguel Medina Garcia M.D.
name: Alonso Roberto Lopez Monterrubio M.D.
name: José Omar García Flores M.D.
name: Luis Antonio Vazquez Robles M.D.
name: Rafael Lizarraga Cabrera M.D.
name: José Francisco Handall Molina M.D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: Objective: To describe a case report of severely calcified superior mesenteric artery stenosis treated with intravascular lithotripsy in a symptomatic patient.

Introduction: Clinical manifestations of chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) may present widespread symptoms such as postprandial abdominal pain and weight loss when there is a 60% to 75% reduction in blood flow. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenosis is a common finding in elderly patients with atherosclerosis.

Case report: 83-year-old female patient with chronic postprandial abdominal pain, diagnosed with severely calcified superior mesenteric artery stenosis by computed angiotomography, required hospitalization and treated with intravascular lithotripsy, plain old balloon angioplasty and stenting, being discharged 24 hours later.

Conclusion: Intravascular lithotripsy is a novel approach for severely calcified visceral arteries and could be considered as a combination therapy with traditional endovascular treatment modalities. More controlled studies are needed to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of this new technology.

 

Keywords: Intravascular lithotripsy, shockwave, superior mesenteric artery stenosis.
Holographic vibrometry: Full field holographic vibrometry at ultimate limits
Creators: name: Verrier, Nicolas
name: Atlan, Michael
name: Gross, Michel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heterodyne holography is an extremely versatile and powerful holographic technique that is able to fully control the amplitude, phase and frequency of both the illumination and holographic reference beams. Applied to vibration analysis, this technique is able to detect the signal of the carrier or the one of any vibration sideband. A complete analysis of the vibration signal can thus be made, and 2D map of the vibration amplitude and phase in all points of the surface of the vibrating object can be obtained. Since the sensitivity is limited by shot noise, extremely low vibration amplitude (\textless{} 0.01 nm) can be studied.
description: Pascal Picart. New techniques in Digital Holography, John Wiley \& Sons, Inc.,, Chapter 7, 2015, Instrumentation and measurement series
Migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in Morocco : access to refugee status; access to social and civil rights
Creators: name: Al-Twain, Ali
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Morocco
refugees
asylum seekers
migrants

description: Second semester University: International University of Rabat.
description: Internship report: Clinic Hijra, Morocco.
description: Morocco has long been considered a country of immigration and transit, the country has gradually become a final destination for migrants and now counts among the countries of immigration.. Currently the government is developing a new legal framework in three different areas: the entry and stay of foreigners, asylum and trafficking in human beings. With regard to future changes in migration policy in Morocco, clinic Hijra, provides lawyers (and law students and students in general) yearly trainings on asylum and the rights of foreigners to be able to face new challenges that the new laws will bring. Legal Clinic Hijra (hijraclinique.ma) is an active association in the area of migration which took office in September 2015 with a group of students and research experts. The Clinic offers students a unique opportunity to benefit from experience in the field of migration. It also gives a chance for students to provide legal and social assistance to migrants by phone or by receiving beneficiaries to answer their questions, and make up their records. Clinic Hijra as mentioned before was established on September 2015 by a group of students and research experts and started by the funds of the International Organization of Migration and now its self-funded. Mr. Younous Arbaoui, the director and president of Clinic Hijra. introduced me to the work of the Clinic and took me for a tour to the offices where Clinic Hijra operates. The offices hours of the clinic usually take place in the building of Tabdoul, which is one of the clinic partners. Tabadoul is an association aiming at promoting contemporary artists and cultural exchange between Tangier, Morocco, Europe and the rest of the world. It means “exchange” in Arabic. Tabadoul is located in a former Spanish dressing factory from early 20thcentury, and was renovated in 2013 to become what it is now: It is a structure serving the arts, notably contemporary creation. It is an “in-finite” space that can be made available for conferences, lectures, debates, themed evenings, concerts, exhibitions and other events. Tabadoul also organises diverse training workshops for all ages: circus, plastic arts, music, cinema, singing, theatre, dance, martial arts, recycling and even “art of living” workshop Tabadoul also organises, in collaboration with Wiggle Service, collects for recyclable materials, in order to educate to ecological, sustainable practices. The goal is to be a place where artists, public and partners can exchange their knowledge and share their aesthetic experiences, a place to play, learn and meet.
Confidentiality in front of the International Criminal Court: the specific case of the International Committee of the Red Cross
Creators: name: Brabant, Benedicte : De
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: humanitarian agencies
International Criminal Court
Red Cross
witnesses

description: Second semester University: University of Nottingham
description: The International Committee of the Red Cross operates according to a very strict policy of confidentiality which is considered vital in order to carry out its mandate. Such confidentiality has been recognized as a matter of international customary law by the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and by the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the International Criminal Court. Thus, the delegates of the International Committee of the Red Cross can never be compelled to testify before such international tribunals and court. However, the establishment of the International Criminal Court has been a very important step in the fight against impunity. In order to function effectively, it has a wide and liberal regime to admit evidence and provides some legal tools so as to protect and encourage witnesses to testify. Testimonies are crucial to bring perpetrators to justice, particularly testimonies of humanitarian workers often direct witnesses of atrocities. This thesis develops the reasons that have led to recognize an evidentiary privilege of the International Committee of the Red Cross and the scope of this privilege. It also explores the differences to war correspondents and other humanitarian organisations in order to evaluate if such differentiation is well justified.
MPEC 2024-R106 : 2024 RM3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RM3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Schwinger mechanism revisited
Creators: name: Gelis, Francois
name: Tanji, Naoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we review recent theoretical works on the Schwingermechanism of particle production in external electrical fields. Although the non-perturbative Schwinger mechanism is at the center of this discussion, many of the approaches that we discuss can cope with general time and space dependent fields, and therefore also capture the perturbative contributions to particle production.
description: Review for Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics. 76 pages, 36 figures
Restorative justice: a way of rehabilitating offenders and reducing crime in Europe
Creators: name: Rigoni, Clara
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: administration of criminal justice
Europe
criminal procedure
fair trial
restorative justice

description: Second semester University: Utrecht University.
description: In the last twenty years, restorative justice has experienced strong development throughout Europe. However, the scepticism demonstrated by legal practitioners towards these practices has impeded their full implementation. Supranational policy and legislative frameworks have often disregarded the potential of restorative practices. This thesis examines the relationship between restorative justice and the formal criminal justice systems of European states to better understand points of convergence and divergence. The rehabilitative potential of restorative justice and its capability of reducing crime are analysed. The paper presents a general overview of the International and European (Council of Europe and EU) legislative framework in this field; have offenders’ needs adequately been addressed by restorative justice policies and legislation? Issues have also been raised about the compatibility of restorative practices with the human rights of the parties, namely with those of the accused. The informal (or semi-formal) character of restorative initiatives is considered a threat to defendants’ legal rights. Through a detailed analysis of the right to a fair trial I will point out the benefits and risks deriving from the use of these instruments, the gaps existing in current legislation and investigate the possible future role of the EU in this field.
Properties of Cosmological Filaments extracted from Eulerian Simulations
Creators: name: Gheller, Claudio
name: Vazza, Franco
name: Favre, Jean
name: Brüggen, Marcus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a new parallel algorithm implemented within the VisIt framework, we analysed large cosmological grid simulations to study the properties of baryons in filaments. The procedure allows us to build large catalogues with up to $\sim 3 \cdot 10^4$ filaments per simulated volume and to investigate the properties of cosmic filaments for very large volumes at high resolution (up to $300^3 ~\rm Mpc^3$ simulated with $2048^3$ cells). We determined scaling relations for the mass, volume, length and temperature of filaments and compared them to those of galaxy clusters. The longest filaments have a total length of about $200 ~\rm Mpc$ with a mass of several $10^{15} M_{\odot}$. We also investigated the effects of different gas physics. Radiative cooling significantly modifies the thermal properties of the warm-hot-intergalactic medium of filaments, mainly by lowering their mean temperature via line cooling. On the other hand, powerful feedback from active galactic nuclei in surrounding halos can heat up the gas in filaments. The impact of shock-accelerated cosmic rays from diffusive shock acceleration on filaments is small and the ratio of between cosmic ray and gas pressure within filaments is of the order of $\sim 10-20$ percent.
description: 27 pages, 24 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal
Safeguarding the right to water for basic human needs in the context of transboundary watercourses: analysis of the combined use of two legal regimes: international water law and international human rights law
Creators: name: Gruyaert, Laura
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: boundaries
human rights
international law
water resources

description: Second semester University: Universite de Montpellier
description: Globally one in six people lack access to clean and safe water. In most cases a lack of water for survival and human dignity is not solely the result of physical water scarcity, but rather a problem of water management and allocation. The issue of relative priority of water uses and guaranteeing access to water in adequate quantity and safe quality also occurs in a transboundary context. One state’s water scarcity might be the direct result of a lack of sound management of the waters of an international watercourse. International water law deals with the management of international watercourses and forms the legal starting point to consider whether access to water for vital human needs of riparian states’ population is considered sufficiently. The analysis of international water law illustrated that this legal regime not adequately guarantees access to water for basic human needs in the process of balancing competing water interests and uses of riparian states. Therefore a corrective is needed, a human rights approach to water management. This thesis determines which direct international water law obligations derive from human rights law, more specifically the right to water. The thesis argues that states have to consider three principles in the management of international watercourses in order to realize the human right to water: priority of water for survival and human dignity, individual empowerment through the right to information and participation, and access to justice and (legal) remedies. Key words: water scarcity - International Water Law – human right to water – transboundary watercourses
A Comparison of Midwifery Education and Scope of Practice in Sweden and United States
Creators: name: Watson, Maria
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: United States has one of the highest maternal and newborn mortality rates in the developed world; in contrast these rates in Sweden are significantly lower.  The purpose of this project was to compare midwifery education and scope of practice in Sweden and United States to determine how these factors affected maternal and newborn mortality rates.   Sweden’s mortality rates have decreased in the last few years and continue to improve for two reasons: 1) health care access in rural areas; and 2) midwives’ autonomy and broad scope of practice.  Through a literature review and four interviews with midwives, I found that the use of midwives increases health care access to the maternal and newborn population, decreases prenatal and birth health care costs, and decreases cesarean section rates, which ultimately leads to decreased mortality rates.  These findings suggest midwives could address health care disparities and significantly improve outcomes of vulnerable populations such as infants and pregnant women.
The fight against poverty: an analysis of the Brazilian experience on cash transfer program (bolsa família) : a model for international promotion of economic and social rights?
Creators: name: Coutinho, Marina Costa Estevez
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2015
Subjects: economic rights
global governance
poverty
social rights
social security
Brazil
solidarity

description: Second semester University: Université Libre de Bruxelles.
description: In 2003 the Brazilian government created a cash transfer program called Bolsa Família to fight poverty, hunger and reduce inequalities. The main objective of this thesis is to analyse the program I previously mentioned, highlighting the impacts that it had in the society in the areas of social and economic rights. Furthermore it will be argued, from a theoretical point of view, if the Bolsa Família Program can be a model for international promotion of economic and social rights. The main motivation of this work is the concern with the situation of poverty in the world. It is driven by the belief that the global community can work in cooperation to create a policy that can achieve solutions to this problem. Thus, the thesis does an overview of the historical development of the international system for the protection of economic and social rights, followed by the full analyses of the Bolsa Família program and concluding with the introduction of two important concepts: Global governance and solidarity. Acknowledging the failure of the international system to overcome poverty, this dissertation seeks to propose an alternative solution to oppose this problem. Key words: Bolsa Família, Social and Economic Rights, Solidarity, Global governance.
Optimized therapeutic potential of Sijunzi-similar formulae for chronic atrophic gastritis via Bayesian network meta-analysis
Creators: name: Huang, Meilan
name: Luo, Shiman
name: Yang, Jiayue
name: Xiong, Huiling
name: Lu, Xiaohua
name: Ma, Xiao
name: Zeng, Jinhao
name: Efferth, Thomas
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2024
Subjects: chronic atrophic gastritis
Sijunzi-similar formulae
drug integration
Bayesian network meta-analysis

description: Chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) is considered as a significant risk factor for triggering gastric cancer incidence, if not effectively treated. Sijunzi decoction (SD) is a well-known classic formula for treating gastric disorders, and Sijunzi-similar formulae (SF) derived from SD have also been highly regarded by Chinese clinical practitioners for their effectiveness in treating chronic atrophic gastritis. Currently, there is a lack of meta-analysis for these formulae, leaving unclear which exhibits optimal efficacy. Therefore, we employed Bayesian network meta-analysis (BNMA) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of SF as an intervention for CAG and to establish a scientific foundation for the clinical utilization of SF. The result of meta-analysis demonstrated that the combination of SF and basic therapy outperformed basic therapy alone in terms of clinical efficacy rate, eradication rate of H. pylori, and incidence of adverse events. As indicated by the SUCRA value, Chaishao Liujunzi decoction (CLD) demonstrated superior efficacy in enhancing clinical effectiveness and ameliorating H. pylori infection, and it also showed remarkable effectiveness in minimizing the occurrence of adverse events. Comprehensive analysis of therapeutic efficacy suggests that CLD is most likely the optimal choice among these six formulations, holding potential value for optimizing clinical treatment strategies.
description: EXCLI Journal; 23:Doc1185; ISSN 1611-2156
Text-based irony use
Creators: name: Van Der Wege, Mija
name: Jacobsen, Jessi
name: Anderson, Evan
name: Jenkins, Sophia
name: Gleason, Shayna
name: Waterfield, Martha
name: Mullen, Aidan
name: Tritschler, Katie
name: Lei, Anny
name: Mappy, Lyn
name: Lei, Anny
name: Mappy, Lyn
name: Plank, Kelsey
name: Lo, Wendy
name: Conour, Cecily
name: LeBlanc, Tracy
name: Deng, Yuxin
name: Hirayama, Yumeka
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022

description: A series of studies investigating how people use and comprehend irony over text-based media.
“Schools of crime” or young offenders rehabilitation? : the right to education in juvenile detention centres
Creators: name: Pinto, Mariana : Araujo Mendes
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2011
Subjects: juvenile detention
rehabilitation
right to education

description: Second semester University: University of Padua
description: While IHRL and European regional instruments on the matter of the penalty of deprivation of liberty applied to minors have been widely transposed to most European national legislations, a gap between laws and practical implementation still persists. Besides predictable practical implementation problems (e.g. funding difficulties), there seems to be a widespread disenchantment in Europe towards the rights based approach to juvenile justice provided for in those instruments. In particular, penal interventions based on the right to education seem to be seen as unrealistic and ineffective in preventing and controlling juvenile delinquency. This study’s main research methodology was a ―desktop‖ one complemented by field research in the form of a visit to an Italian juvenile detention centre. From this research it could be concluded that right to education based interventions/measures applied to imprisoned young offenders are the most suitable penal response to offenses committed by minors for it is the approach that best fits the special nature of children and that can best tackle recidivism. In order to seriously and effectively deal with the problem of juvenile delinquency in a way that complies with the international children’s rights framework, the right to education of imprisoned children has to be fully recognised and fulfilled. States that have the resources to do so, such as the case study country of this research (Italy), have the international obligation to actually implement IHRL and regional standards.
title: Modelling ground motions in the Greater Wellington region from multi-fault earthquakes in central Aotearoa New Zealand
Creators: name: Howell, Andrew
name: Penney, Camilla
name: Kaiser, Anna E.
name: Fry, Bill
Publisher: name: GNS Science
Year: 2023

description: Combined rupture of the Hikurangi subduction interface with crustal faults like the Wellington or Wairarapa faults may represent a significant source of seismic hazard for the Greater Wellington region. However, until now, it has been challenging to incorporate combined subduction-crustal ruptures in seismic hazard analyses, mainly due to a lack of empirical constraints on the likely characteristics of such ruptures. Recently, multi-cycle physics-based earthquake simulators – which do not rely on empirical constraints – have allowed modelling of combined subduction-crustal earthquakes. These earthquake simulators produce synthetic earthquake catalogues that contain thousands of hypothetical (but realistic) combined subduction-crustal and multi-fault crustal earthquakes. In this report, we model ground shaking from a range of synthetic combined subduction-crustal ruptures to: (1) investigate a method for inclusion of subduction-crustal earthquakes in future seismic hazard assessments; (2) assess the relative contributions to ground shaking from the subduction and crustal components of a combined rupture; and (3) illustrate potential spatial distributions of ground shaking from hypothetical future subduction-only, crustal-only and combined subduction-crustal earthquakes. We show that modelling the ground shaking due to movements of crustal and subduction faults separately and re-combining the results may be an effective way to include subduction-crustal earthquakes in seismic hazard models, but more work is required to validate the approach. We also find that, for combined ruptures in general, the movement of crustal faults dominates modelled ground shaking in the area immediately adjacent to their surface trace. Further from the crustal faults (>5–15 km away), ground motions are dominated by the subduction component of the earthquake. This finding can apply even when the magnitude of the subduction component of the earthquake is much greater than the magnitude of the crustal component. Finally, we show that crustal and subduction earthquakes can both cause significant ground accelerations across the Greater Wellington region at a range of frequencies. This result suggests that it may be challenging to determine likely sources of past earthquakes from off-fault proxies, such as the spatial distribution of landslides. (auths)
AN ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF NORTH CAROLINA’S ENERGY GRID USING VARIOUS RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCES: A STUDY OF THE COST OF INTERMITTENCY IN RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION
Creators: name: Bravante, Matthew
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Technological improvements have led to plummeting costs for various renewable energy resources. Renewable energy creates energy without emitting carbon dioxide and is a leading solution in the efforts to mitigate climate change. As climate change becomes harsher, the need to transition to an electricity grid serviced largely by renewable energies becomes more apparent. Whether or not renewable energies can service the entire grid in a cost-effective manner is currently debated by experts. This study evaluates the total costs of servicing North Carolina’s grid with renewable energy or natural gas. This study concludes that natural gas is currently the more economically viable option. However, in the near future, renewable energies will have a cheaper total cost. As renewable energy becomes cheaper, there will be an influx of renewable energies to the grid, and with them a lot of challenges with maintaining the stability of the energy grid.
Impact of Sea Level Rise on Development Suitability in New York City
Creators: name: Berry, Marisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Global climate change and resultant rising sea levels and more frequent flooding are
impacting the sustainability and vitality of coastal communities, making identifying vulnerable
areas particularly important. Sea level rise projections for the 2020s and 2050s were
incorporated into a land use suitability analysis of New York City, which was conducted in a
GIS environment based on Ian McHarg’s overlay methods. The analytical hierarchy process
(AHP) was used to produce weights for the six criteria considered, which were then reclassified
and combined according to a weighted linear combination. The results of the suitability analysis
suggest that Eastern Staten Island and the southern shore of Brooklyn and Queens are
particularly unsuitable for future development. This analysis could be improved by better
considering hydrological connectivity when modeling sea level rise.
Feuerwerker, Yi-tsi Mei, Ideology, Power, Text: Self-Representation and the Peasant "Other" in Modern Chinese Literature
Creators: Lupke, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2002

This is a review of Yi-tsi Mei Feuerwerker's book Ideology, Power, Text: Self-Representation and the Peasant "Other" in Modern Chinese Fiction."
Representation-Compatible Power Indices
Creators: name: Kaniovski, Serguei
name: Kurz, Sascha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 91A12, 91A80

description: This paper studies power indices based on average representations of a weighted game. If restricted to account for the lack of power of dummy voters, average representations become coherent measures of voting power, with power distributions being proportional to the distribution of weights in the average representation. This makes these indices representation-compatible, a property not fulfilled by classical power indices. Average representations can be tailored to reveal the equivalence classes of voters defined by the Isbell desirability relation, which leads to a pair of new power indices that ascribes equal power to all members of an equivalence class.
description: 28 pages, 1 figure, and 11 tables
The human rights based approach : assessing implications on the work of development NGOs
Creators: name: Helmstedt, Marie Engberg
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2013
Subjects: constructivism
development
human rights
NGOs

description: Second semester University: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki.
description: This thesis explores the Human Rights Based Approach and how it affects the work of development NGOs. It responds to the criticism of the approach, which questions the implications and sustainability of its implementation, suggesting that there is a gap between the HRBA in theory and the practice within development NGOs. The analysis is based on a constructivist theoretical framework, implying that the effects of the adoption of rights-based approaches are depending on the organisational translation of the approach. Through an empirical analysis of interviews with Danish development NGOs the thesis concludes that the Human Rights Based Approach has influenced the work of development NGOs in significant ways, resulting in increased legitimacy and sustainability of development work. Development NGOs are faced with several challenges in their use of the approach, and its future is highly dependent on a collective effort of human rights and development practitioners to find durable solutions to these.
The audacity to seek a better life: should the European Union adopt a human rights based approach to human smuggling?
Creators: name: Todorova, Elitsa Nikolaeva
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2018
Subjects: European Union
human rights
smuggling
irregular migrations
human trafficking

description: Second semester University: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
description: Human smuggling is a complex phenomenon triggered by a variety of socio-economic and political factors. The clear legal distinction between human smuggling and human trafficking, in reality, is obscure, especially for the most vulnerable. Despite the risks involved, human smuggling is often the only way for those whose rights are grossly unrespected, unprotected and unfulfilled elsewhere to seek dignity and a better life. Whilst the European Union’s values theoretically promote all human rights for all human beings, in reality the Union has been adopting an increasingly securitised approach along with a criminalising and highly-polarised discourse– all circumstances which exacerbate existing vulnerabilities and marginalisation among irregular travellers. It is high time that the European Union recognises the overlapping human rights risks for the most vulnerable and adopts a Human Rights Based Approach to human smuggling, as it has for human trafficking. Ongoing international negotiations provide a window of opportunity for the European Union to lead the way of change by adopting a comprehensive and dignifying Human Rights Based Approach for those who need to rely on facilitators to seek a better life.
Untangling the Lives and Legacies of "George Eliot" and Marian Evans Lewes
Creators: name: Risinger, Corey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: The ease by which the "George Eliot" name is appropriated and claimed indicates a fundamental inability to truly interpret its significance, to glean the concrete opinions of Marian Evans Lewes or her nom de plume. This thesis argues for an interpretation of Evans Lewes and her works that embraces the full context of Victorian Era gender norms and Evans Lewes' lifestyle and personal correspondence.
Fault Trees, Decision Trees, And Binary Decision Diagrams: A Systematic Comparison
Creators: name: Jimenez-Roa, L. A.
name: Heskes, T.
name: Stoelinga, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In reliability engineering, we need to understand system dependencies, cause-effect relations, identify critical components, and analyze how they trigger failures. Three prominent graph models commonly used for these purposes are fault trees (FTs), decision trees (DTs), and binary decision diagrams (BDDs). These models are popular because they are easy to interpret, serve as a communication tool between stakeholders of various backgrounds, and support decision-making processes. Moreover, these models help to understand real-world problems by computing reliability metrics, minimum cut sets, logic rules, and displaying dependencies. Nevertheless, it is unclear how these graph models compare. Thus, the goal of this paper is to understand the similarities and differences through a systematic comparison based on their (i) purpose and application, (ii) structural representation, (iii) analysis methods, (iv) construction, and (v) benefits & limitations. Furthermore, we use a running example based on a Container Seal Design to showcase the models in practice. Our results show that, given that FTs, DTs and BDDs have different purposes and application domains, they adopt different structural representations and analysis methodologies that entail a variety of benefits and limitations, the latter can be addressed via conversion methods or extensions. Specific remarks are that BDDs can be considered as a compact representation of binary DTs, since the former allows sub-node sharing, which makes BDDs more efficient at representing logical rules than binary DTs. It is possible to obtain cut sets from BDDs and DTs and construct a FT using the (con/dis)junctive normal form, although this may result in a sub-optimal FT structure.
Infrared dark clouds on the far side of the Galaxy
Creators: name: Giannetti, A.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Leurini, S.
name: Urquhart, J.
name: Csengeri, T.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Bronfman, L.
name: van der Tak, F. F. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Infrared dark clouds are the coldest and densest portions of giant molecular clouds. The most massive ones represent some of the most likely birthplaces for the next generation of massive stars in the Milky Way. Because a strong mid-IR background is needed to make them appear in absorption, they are usually assumed to be nearby. Aims: We use THz absorption spectroscopy to solve the distance ambiguity associated with kinematic distances for the IR-dark clouds in the TOP100 ATLASGAL sample, a flux-limited selection of massive clumps in different evolutionary phases of star formation. Methods: The para-H2O ground state transition at 1113.343 GHz, observed with Herschel/HIFI, was used to investigate the occurrence of foreground absorption along the line of sight directly towards infrared-dark clouds. Additional consistency checks were performed using MALT90 and HiGAL archival data and targeted Mopra and APEX spectroscopic observations. Results: We report the first discovery of five IRDCs in the TOP100 lying conclusively at the far kinematic distance, showing that the mere presence of low-contrast mid-IR absorption is not sufficient to unequivocally resolve the near/far ambiguity in favour of the former. All IRDCs are massive and actively forming high-mass stars; four of them also show infall signatures. Conclusions: We give a first estimate of the fraction of dark sources at the far distance (~11% in the TOP100) and describe their appearance and properties. The assumption that all dark clouds lie at the near distance may lead, in some cases, to underestimating masses, sizes, and luminosities, possibly causing clouds to be missed that will form very massive stars and clusters.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters; 4 pages, 3 figures, 6 pages of online material
Demystifying albinism: an analysis of legal, social, and cultural practices in the Lake Victoria region
Creators: name: Caviglia, Giorgio
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2012
Subjects: albinism
Africa
Lake Victoria region

description: Second semester University: University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen
description: Albinism, in the Lake Victoria region, presents an interesting case of combined medical and sociological concerns in a particularly degraded environment with profound human rights implications. This research aims to review and synthesize the situation through the collection of data and by addressing the phenomena considering the conceptual framework from both a medical and sociological point of view. It will continue by considering which legal framework is the most feasible in the protection of people with albinism’s rights. I will center around four countries, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda, focusing on the relationship between disabilities and witchcraft related to albinism. An examination of successful practices within the countries and an analysis of developing albino societies in the region will bring me to analyze the conceptual paradigms on disability and refer to them for the classification of attitudes towards albinism.
Robust semicoherent searches for continuous gravitational waves with noise and signal models including hours to days long transients
Creators: name: Keitel, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vulnerability to single-detector instrumental artifacts in standard detection methods for long-duration quasimonochromatic gravitational waves from nonaxisymmetric rotating neutron stars [continuous waves (CWs)] was addressed in past work [D. Keitel et al., Phys. Rev. D 89, 064023 (2014).] by a Bayesian approach. An explicit model of persistent single-detector disturbances led to a generalized detection statistic with improved robustness against such artifacts. Since many strong outliers in semicoherent searches of LIGO data are caused by transient disturbances that last only a few hours, we extend the noise model to cover such limited-duration disturbances, and demonstrate increased robustness in realistic simulated data. Besides long-duration CWs, neutron stars could also emit transient signals which, for a limited time, also follow the CW signal model (tCWs). As a pragmatic alternative to specialized transient searches, we demonstrate how to make standard semicoherent CW searches more sensitive to transient signals. Considering tCWs in a single segment of a semicoherent search, Bayesian model selection yields a new detection statistic that does not add significant computational cost. On simulated data, we find that it increases sensitivity towards tCWs, even of varying durations, while not sacrificing sensitivity to classical CW signals, and still being robust to transient or persistent single-detector instrumental artifacts.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures, REVTeX4.1
The comprehensive approach : a foreign policy tool?
Creators: name: Inkeroinen, Matti
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2011
Subjects: crisis management
foreign policy

description: Second semester University: University of Hamburg
description: The international crisis management is dealing with direct threats to wider international and national peace and security and has developed capacities to manage diverse aspects of recent complex crises. Understanding in this area has been produced largely by formative experiences in Iraq and Afghanistan. While today the dominant paradigm is stabilisation, the key concept to realise this paradigm is the comprehensive approach and the main environment to exercise it remains Afghanistan. Though there is not commonly agreed upon definition, the comprehensive approach is usually understood as an endeavour to integrate different dimensions of stabilisation – development, governance, humanitarian, human rights, political, rule of law and security – in stabilisation operations. In this study the term comprehensive approach is used to signify initiative, a way of thinking, and, a wide range of parallel concepts used by different actors. This thesis seeks to examine the nature of the comprehensive approach based upon its theoretical background, conceptual rationale and practical realisation. More precisely its purpose is to discover what the comprehensive approach is really for. I will argue that despite the noble rhetoric of international and human security, human rights, democracy, development and humanitarian assistance, the driving force of the crisis management and the comprehensive approach can be traced to the fundamental question, much like in all levels of social interaction whose vision of the future will prevail. These visions are formulated as policies and in the international context this implies foreign policies. The thesis goes through the theoretical framework of crisis management, elaborates upon stabilisation as the present focus of crisis management operations, and clarifies the content and nature of the comprehensive approach at large. This thesis concludes that the seminal topic connecting all these issues – crisis management, stabilisation and comprehensive approach – in the theoretical level is foreign policy. The subsequent case study supports this finding at the global, regional and national levels of a crisis. As a final conclusion, it declares that the comprehensive approach in the crisis management context is ultimately for realising foreign policy goals.
Investigating Large Language Models' Perception of Emotion Using Appraisal Theory
Creators: name: Yongsatianchot, Nutchanon
name: Torshizi, Parisa Ghanad
name: Marsella, Stacy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLM) like ChatGPT have significantly advanced in recent years and are now being used by the general public. As more people interact with these systems, improving our understanding of these black box models is crucial, especially regarding their understanding of human psychological aspects. In this work, we investigate their emotion perception through the lens of appraisal and coping theory using the Stress and Coping Process Questionaire (SCPQ). SCPQ is a validated clinical instrument consisting of multiple stories that evolve over time and differ in key appraisal variables such as controllability and changeability. We applied SCPQ to three recent LLMs from OpenAI, davinci-003, ChatGPT, and GPT-4 and compared the results with predictions from the appraisal theory and human data. The results show that LLMs' responses are similar to humans in terms of dynamics of appraisal and coping, but their responses did not differ along key appraisal dimensions as predicted by the theory and data. The magnitude of their responses is also quite different from humans in several variables. We also found that GPTs can be quite sensitive to instruction and how questions are asked. This work adds to the growing literature evaluating the psychological aspects of LLMs and helps enrich our understanding of the current models.
Food for Thought: Exploring Contributors to Obesity in Nurses
Creators: name: Bigelow, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Obesity is a major public health problem in the United States, and prevalence is higher in those with lower health literacy.  Despite the high health literacy of nurses, approximately 55% of US nurses are overweight or obese.  The purpose of this paper is to explore contributors to obesity in nurses, especially factors that are evident in the workplace.  A review of the literature reveals that this epidemic in nursing is influenced by stress, occurring from a variety of sources: the nature of the job itself, such as long hours and lack of breaks, and from unhealthy eating patterns and norms reinforced in the workplace culture.  The literature reveals a bias towards interventions directed toward nurses themselves as the primary targets of change, holding nurses personally accountable for establishing healthier habits.  Factors within the workplace itself – availability of healthy food, time allotted for breaks and meals, use of “comfort food” to quell stress – as major contributors to those habits, are often overlooked.  Because there is minimal data about the association between nurses’ workplace behaviors and obesity, a survey was developed as part of this project in an effort to examine nurses’ eating habits within the context of their workplace culture.  By collecting more complete data about factors external to nurses’ personal accountability and exploring the role of institutional cultures on eating behaviors and norms, perhaps effective efforts to address this epidemic and improve nurses’ health could become the responsibility of health care institutions, not just nurses themselves.