cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Iron-catalyzed cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with unactivated N-heterocycles and quinones under microwave heating
Creators: name: Start, Keegan
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: Traditional C-C cross-coupling reactions generally rely on the use of expensive and sometimes toxic metal catalysts, such as palladium or ruthenium. These methods generally require two functionalized reagents, which can increase reaction cost. In the interests of sustainability and reduced costs there has been considerable interest in catalysis using earth-abundant metals, such as iron, as well as in C-H activation reactions. One example of a C-H activation reaction is the Minisci reaction, which is a radical reaction that couples N-heteroarenes to a variety of organic species. Recently a variation of the Minisci reaction was discovered in which arylboronic acids, which are relatively cheap and easily available, are coupled to N-heteroarenes or quinones using either a silver or iron catalyst. This process occurs under air and at low temperatures, but requires long reaction times, has a somewhat limited scope, and is not regioselective. This thesis concerns the application of microwave heating to this reaction, in an attempt to mitigate these issues. Microwave heating has not been previously applied to the Minisci reaction, and in fact there are relatively few reports on radical reactions under microwave heating.
 The reaction between pyrazine and arylboronic acids under microwave heating was first optimized. Ultimately, optimization led to similar product yields, but reactions that previously required 12 — 48 h could be conducted in 25 min. The reaction scope was then examined. The scope of arylboronic acids when reacted with pyrazine was somewhat limited, as strong electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups were not tolerated. Examination of the reaction mixtures revealed that two previously unobserved side reaction were taking place; first, a reaction in which the boronic acid moiety was replaced by a hydroxyl group, and second, N-heteroarene homo-coupling. The reaction scope with quinones was found to be similar to literature reports, but reactions still occurred at a much higher rate. The reaction was successfully extended to hydroquinones, but attempts to further expand scope to enones, imines, and other conjugated compounds were unsuccessful. Finally, the scope of reactions with N-heteroarenes was examined and was found to be similar to literature reports. The application of microwave heating did not significantly affect the regiochemical outcomes of the reaction.
Kinetic and mass mixing with three abelian groups
Creators: name: Heeck, Julian
name: Rodejohann, Werner
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the possible mixing effects associated with the low-energy limit of a Standard-Model extension by two abelian gauge groups U(1)_1 x U(1)_2. We derive general formulae and approximate expressions that connect the gauge eigenstates to the mass eigenstates. Applications using the well-studied groups U(1)_B, U(1)_(B-L), U(1)_(L_alpha - L_beta) (L_alpha being lepton flavor numbers), and U(1)_DM (a symmetry acting only on the dark matter sector) are discussed briefly.
description: 8 pages, references added, matches published version
Direct photon observables from hydrodynamics and implications on the initial temperature and EoS
Creators: name: Csanad, Mate
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The expansion of the strongly interacting quark gluon plasma (sQGP) created in Au+Au collisions at RHIC can be described by hydrodynamical models. Hadrons are created after a freeze-out, thus their distribution describes the final state of the evolution. The earlier stages can be analyzed via penetrating probes like photon observables. These were measured in 2010 and 2011 by the PHENIX experiment. Here we analyze an analytic, 1+3 dimensional perfect relativistic hydrodynamic solution and calculate hadron and photon observables, such as transverse momentum spectra, elliptic flow and correlation (HBT) radii. We find that our model is not incompatible with the data, not even with the direct photon elliptic flow. From fitting the data, we find that early temperatures of the sQGP were well above the quark-hadron transition temperature, in the hottest point, the center of the fireball the temperature may have reached 507+-12 MeV. The equation of state of this quark matter can be described by an average sound speed of 0.36+-0.02. We also predict a photon source that is significantly larger in the out direction than in the side direction.
description: Presented at the VII Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy (WPCF2011), Tokyo, Japan, September 20-24, 2011
A Possible Link Between R-Wave Amplitude Alternans and T-Wave Alternans in ECGs
Creators: name: Alaei, Sahar
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Abstract:
Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) is the largest cause of natural deaths in the USA, accounting for over 300,000 deaths annually. The major reason for SCD is Ventricular Arrhythmia (VA). Therefore, there is need for exploration of approaches to predict increased risk for VA. Alternans of the T wave in the ECG (TWA) is widely investigated as a potential predictor of VA, however, clinical trials show that TWA has high negative predictive value but poor positive predictive value. A possible reason that TWA has a large number of false positives is that a pattern of alternans known as concordant alternans, may not be as arrhythmogenic as another pattern which is discordant alternans. Currently, it is not possible to discern the pattern of alternans using clinical ECGs. Prior studies from our group have showed that alternans of the maximum rate of depolarization of an action potential also can occur when Action Potential Duration (APD) alternans occurs and the relationship between these two has the potential to create spatial discord. These results suggest that exploration of the co-occurrence of depolarization and repolarization alternans has the potential to stratify the outcome of TWA tests. In order to investigate the link between depolarization alternans and changes in ECGs, we used a mathematical model created previously in our research group which simulated ECGs from the cellular level changes observed in our experimental studies. These results suggest that the changes in ECGs should appear as alternating pattern of the amplitude of the R wave. Because there are a variety of factors which may also cause the R wave amplitude to change, we used signal analysis and statistical modeling to determine the link between the observed changes in R wave amplitude and depolarization alternans. Results from ECGs recorded from patients show that amplitude of the R wave can change as predicted by our experimental results and mathematical model. Using TWA as the marker of repolarization alternans and R Wave Amplitude Alternans (RWAA) as the marker of depolarization alternans, we investigated the phase relation between depolarization and repolarization alternans in clinical grade ECG and observed that this relationship does change spontaneously, consistent with our prior results from animal studies. Results of the present study support further investigation of the use of RWAA as a complementary method to TWA to improve its positive predictive value.
Copyright: © Sahar Alaei 2018
Funding information: Kentucky Science and Engineering Foundation (KSEF RDE18) and NSF EPSCoR RII Track-2.
Chrysis chlorospila KLUG 1845
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Chrysis
Chrysis chlorospila

description: Chrysis chlorospila KLUG, 1845
Chrysis chlorospila KLUG, 1845: MADL & ROSA 2012: 26 (cat. Afr. reg.).
* Chrysis octavii DU BUYSSON, 1895: DU BUYSSON 1898b: 526 (tax., Obock).
Chrysis octavii DU BUYSSON, 1895: DU BUYSSON 1898c: 272 (cat. Djibouti).
Chrysis octavii DU BUYSSON, 1895: DU BUYSSON 1899: 164 (Obock, cat. MNHN).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Obock
Chrysis chlorospila is known from the Afrotropical (Djibouti, Sudan, "Upper Guinea ") and Palaearctic (e.g. Oman) regions. The record from Djibouti is not mentioned in BISCHOFF (1913: 49), KIMSEY & BOHART (1990: 396) and LINSENMAIER (1999: 246).
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 913, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
What makes a Society Successful?
Creators: name: Lamont, Michele
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Political science--Biblical teaching
Europeans

description: Following the fall of the communist regimes of Eastern Europe, many people expected life spans in these countries to increase as new freedoms and opportunities became available. Subsequently, male life expectancy in the Czech Republic increased to 72 years by 2001, but dropped to barely 59 years in Russia. That is a difference of thirteen years of life, on average, per man. You would not see that kind of discrepancy between two societies, even if one had a cure for cancer and the other did not. What do these findings mean? Do they reflect the difference between a successful and a less successful society? Does it even make sense to compare societies in terms of their relative success? Below I discuss the work of social scientists who came to be convinced that we should take this question seriously.
Pulsar data analysis with PSRCHIVE
Creators: name: van Straten, Willem
name: Demorest, Paul
name: Osłowski, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSRCHIVE is an open-source, object-oriented, scientific data analysis software library and application suite for pulsar astronomy. It implements an extensive range of general-purpose algorithms for use in data calibration and integration, statistical analysis and modeling, and visualisation. These are utilised by a variety of applications specialised for tasks such as pulsar timing, polarimetry, radio frequency interference mitigation, and pulse variability studies. This paper presents a general overview of PSRCHIVE functionality with some focus on the integrated interfaces developed for the core applications.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures; tutorial presented at IPTA 2010 meeting in Leiden merged with talk presented at 2011 pulsar conference in Beijing; includes further research and development on algorithms for RFI mitigation and TOA bias correction
Dense Quark Matter Conductivity in Ultra-Intense Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Kerbikov, B.
name: Andreichikov, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy-ion collisions generate a huge magnetic field of the order of $10^{18} G $ for the duration of about 0.2 fm/c. This time may become an order of magnitude longer if the electrical conductivity of quark matter is large. We calculate the conductivity in the regime of high density and show that contrary to naive expectations it only weakly depends on the MF.
description: 3 pages, 0 figures
Supplementary document for Flat-band mode in photonic Moiré superlattice for boosting second harmonic generation with monolayer Van der Waals crystals - 5762586.pdf
Creators: name: Hong, Peilong
name: Xu, Lei
name: Ying, Cuifeng
name: Rahmani, Mohsen
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplementary document
Council for European Studies Fellowship Report
Creators: name: Jarvis, Katie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: Europeans
subject: Women--Political activity
subject: Women political activists

description: My project concerns the Dames des Halles during the French Revolution. My research focuses on the political activism and cultural representation of these Parisian merchants. During the Revolution, the Dames struggled to maintain their Old Regime position as ritual representatives of the people by appropriating revolutionary practices and discourse. Although the Dames des Halles proved to be critical political actors in several journées, historians have yet to undertake a comprehensive study of their revolutionary activism. In order to throw into relief the complexity of female political practice during the Revolution, I analyze, on the one hand, the economic, religious, ritual, and gendered elements of their political activism. On the other hand, I study how other revolutionary actors visually and textually deployed the Dames’ image for their own political ends. Working at the intersection of popular politics, popular culture, and economics, I intend to study the Dames des Halles’ political activism and the simultaneous renegotiation of their public identity throughout the course of the Revolution.
Andreev quantum dot with several conducting channels
Creators: name: Sadovskyy, I. A.
name: Lesovik, G. B.
name: Blatter, G.
name: Jonckheere, T.
name: Martin, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an Andreev quantum dot, that is a quantum dot inserted in a superconducting ring, with several levels or conducting channels. We analyze the degeneracy of the ground state as a function of the phase difference and of the gate voltage and find its dependence on the Coulomb interaction within and between channels. We compute a (non integer) charge of the dot region and Josephson current. The charge-to-phase and current-to-gate voltage sensitivities are studied. We find that, even in the presence of Coulomb interaction between the channels, the sensitivity increases with the number of channels, although it does not scale linearly as in the case with no interactions. The Andreev quantum dot may therefore be used as a sensitive detector of magnetic flux or as a Josephson transistor.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, minor corrections
title: Time-lapse seismic imaging and uncertainty quantification
Creators: name: Kotsi, Maria
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2020

description: Time–lapse (4D) seismic monitoring is to date the most commonly used technique for
 estimating changes of a reservoir under production. Full–Waveform Inversion (FWI)
 is a high resolution technique that delivers Earth models by iteratively trying to
 match synthetic prestack seismic data with the observed data. Over the past decade
 the application of FWI on 4D data has been extensively studied, with a variety of
 strategies being currently available. However, 4D FWI still has challenges unsolved.
 In addition, the standard outcome of a 4D FWI scheme is a single image, without
 any measurement of the associated uncertainty. These issues beg the following questions:
 (1) Can we go beyond the current FWI limitations and deliver more accurate
 4D imaging?, and (2) How well do we know what we think we know? In this thesis,
 I take steps to answer both questions. I first compare the performances of three
 common 4D FWI approaches in the presence of model uncertainties. These results
 provide a preliminary understanding of the underlying uncertainty, but also highlight
 some of the limitations of pixel by pixel uncertainty quantification. I then introduce
 a hybrid inversion technique that I call Dual–Domain Waveform Inversion (DDWI),
 whose objective function joins traditional FWI with Image Domain Wavefield Tomography
 (IDWT). The new objective function combines diving wave information in the
 data–domain FWI term with reflected wave information in the image–domain IDWT
 term, resulting in more accurate 4D model reconstructions. Working with 4D data
 provides an ideal situation for testing and developing new algorithms. Since there are
 repeated surveys at the same location, not only is the surrounding geology well–known
 and the results of interest are localized in small regions, but also they allow for better
 error analysis. Uncertainty quantification is very valuable for building knowledge but
 is not commonly done due to the computational challenge of exploring the range of
 all possible models that could fit the data. I exploit the structure of the 4D problem
 and propose the use of a focused modeling technique for a fast Metropolis–Hastings inversion. The proposed framework calculates time–lapse uncertainty quantification
 in a targeted way that is computationally feasible. Having the ground truth 4D probability
 distributions, I propose a local 4D Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) — a more
 advanced uncertainty quantification technique — that can handle higher dimensionalities
 while offering faster convergence.
Do Transatlantic Relations Still Matter?
Creators: name: Meunier, Sophie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Political science--Bibliography
Europeans

description: The first plenary session started off the 2010 CES conference with a provocative question: Do transatlantic relations still matter? This is a timely query as Europeans are questioning President Obama’s commitment to the transatlantic relationship and Americans are questioning the relevance of Europe in the 21st century.
Analysis of Sparse Representations Using Bi-Orthogonal Dictionaries
Creators: name: Vehkaperä, Mikko
name: Kabashima, Yoshiyuki
name: Chatterjee, Saikat
name: Aurell, Erik
name: Skoglund, Mikael
name: Rasmussen, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The sparse representation problem of recovering an N dimensional sparse vector x from M < N linear observations y = Dx given dictionary D is considered. The standard approach is to let the elements of the dictionary be independent and identically distributed (IID) zero-mean Gaussian and minimize the l1-norm of x under the constraint y = Dx. In this paper, the performance of l1-reconstruction is analyzed, when the dictionary is bi-orthogonal D = [O1 O2], where O1,O2 are independent and drawn uniformly according to the Haar measure on the group of orthogonal M x M matrices. By an application of the replica method, we obtain the critical conditions under which perfect l1-recovery is possible with bi-orthogonal dictionaries.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. The main result and numerical examples have been revised
You Are Here: Site-specific storytelling using offline networks
Creators: name: McGregor, Susan E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Technological innovations
Local mass media
News audiences

description: Unlike their twentieth-century counterparts, today’s media organizations rely almost entirely on the centralized distribution infrastructure of the internet to disseminate news. Yet the internet is, in many ways, a fragile system, as illustrated by disruptive events like 2012’s Hurricane Sandy and 2016’s Mirai botnet attack on East Coast DNS servers. Over the last decade, however, the evolution of microcomputers has made it possible to build small, independent web servers that can host substantial amounts of material accessible via their own, standalone Wi-Fi signal. Such offline wireless projects have been used in classrooms, protest sites, libraries, and even for news. The goal of the You Are Here project was to develop and document a fully open-source, offline wireless system and explore how it could be used to engage audiences with community-oriented news content. Over the course of one year, our team designed, built, and tested You Are Here at two New York City locations using originally reported podcast stories to prompt users to share their own reflections and experiences about the sites. While our project suffered from some the same challenges as previous systems, we believe that offline wireless systems hold substantial promise for safe, resilient, independent digital news distribution.
The Responsive Cities Initiative: What a University Could Do To Help
Creators: name: Crawford, Susan
name: Adler, Laura Kremen
name: Gustin, Sam
name: Nally, Melissa
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Journalism
Online journalism
Computer networks--Planning
Fiber optics
Internet access
Civic improvement--Planning
Information technology--Social aspects

description: In the fall of 2014, the Responsive Cities Initiative convened three workshops supported by a planning grant from the Ford Foundation and hosted by the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia Journalism School. The workshops gathered leading thinkers with the aim of answering the following question: What could a university center do to advance policymaking and planning for fiber-optic networks that provide everyone in the United States with high-speed Internet access and (a) improve local governance and (b) support civic journalism? We invited leading U.S. fiber builders, city officials, and civic journalists to the first two sessions and hosted a large group of Danish utility fiber companies and lawmakers at the third. This paper presents our findings.
Éditorial. Les défis constitutionnels au sein de l’UEM: les nouveaux instruments de la gouvernance économique européenne. Revue ECU/EURO, N°53 (2018)
Creators: name: Fromont, Louise
Publisher: name: RESuME
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Editorial
subject: Éditorial
subject: Economic and Monetary Union
subject: Union économique et monétaire
subject: Conference
subject: Conférence
subject: Constitutional Law
subject: Droit constitutionnel
subject: EMU Reform
subject: Réforme de l'UEM

description: Les 29 et 30 mars 2018, s'est tenu à l'Université libre de Bruxelles un colloque sur les défis constitutionnels au sein de l'UEM. Organisé par  Louise Fromont, ce colloque fut l'occasion d'une analyse transversale des défis soulevés par la gestion de la crise de la zone euro et des réformes juridiques opérées. La revue de l'euro publie les contributions écrites soumises par les participants au colloque.
Charge detection in a bilayer graphene quantum dot
Creators: name: Fringes, Stefan
name: Volk, Christian
name: Norda, Caroline
name: Terrés, Bernat
name: Dauber, Jan
name: Engels, Stephan
name: Trellenkamp, Stefan
name: Stampfer, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show measurements on a bilayer graphene quantum dot with an integrated charge detector. The focus lies on enabling charge detection with a 30 nm wide bilayer graphene nanoribbon located approximately 35 nm next to a bilayer graphene quantum dot with an island diameter of about 100 nm. Local resonances in the nanoribbon can be successfully used to detect individual charging events in the dot even in regimes where the quantum dot Coulomb peaks cannot be measured by conventional techniques.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Gribov pendulum in the Coulomb gauge on curved spaces
Creators: name: Canfora, Fabrizio
name: Giacomini, Alex
name: Oliva, Julio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper the generalization of the Gribov pendulum equation in the Coulomb gauge for curved spacetimes is analyzed on static spherically symmetric backgrounds. A rigorous argument for the existence and uniqueness of solution is provided in the asymptotically AdS case. The analysis of the strong and weak boundary conditions is equivalent to analyzing an effective one-dimensional Schrodinger equation. Necessary conditions in order for spherically symmetric backgrounds to admit solutions of the Gribov pendulum equation representing copies of the vacuum satisfying the strong boundary conditions are given. It is shown that asymptotically flat backgrounds do not support solutions of the Gribov pendulum equation of this type, while on asymptotically AdS backgrounds such ambiguities can appear. Some physical consequences are discussed.
description: 22 pages, no figures. V2: The discussion of the physical consequences has been extended. To appear on Physical Review D
The Traffic Factories: Metrics at Chartbeat, Gawker Media, and The New York Times
Creators: name: Petre, Caitlin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Data processing
Online journalism
Journalism--Technological innovations

description: In a 2010 New Yorker profile, founder and CEO of Gawker Media Nick Denton argued, “probably the biggest change in Internet media isn’t the immediacy of it, or the low costs, but the measurability.” 1 What does all this data mean for the production of news? In the earlier days of web analytics, editorial metrics had both enthusiastic proponents and impassioned detractors. Nowadays the prevailing view is that metrics aren’t, by definition, good or bad for journalism. Rather, the thinking goes, it all depends what is measured: Some metrics, like page views, incentivize the production of celebrity slide shows and other vapid content, while others, like time on a page, reward high-quality journalism. Still, there are some who doubt that even so-called “engagement metrics” can peacefully coexist with (let alone bolster) journalistic values. This report’s premise is that it will be impossible to settle these debates until we understand how people and organizations are producing, interpreting, and using metrics. I conducted an ethnographic study of the role of metrics in contemporary news by examining three case studies: Chartbeat, Gawker Media, and The New York Times. Through a combination of observation and interviews with product managers, data scientists, reporters, bloggers, editors, and others, my intention was to unearth the assumptions and values that underlie audience measures, the effect of metrics on journalists’ daily work, and the ways in which metrics interact with organizational culture.
Overtopping performance of earthen dams during record flooding in Columbia, South Carolina
Creators: name: Crookston, B.
name: Hepler, T. E.
name: Colorado State University. Department Of Engineering, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016
Subjects: dams
overtopping
embankments
flooding
failure
protection

description: Presented at the Protections 2016: 2nd international seminar on dam protection against overtopping: concrete dams, embankment dams, levees, tailings dams held on 7th-9th September, 2016, at Colorado State University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA. The increasing demand for dam and levee safety and flood protection has motivated new research and advancements and a greater need for cost-effective measures in overtopping protection as a solution for overtopping concerns at levees and dams. This seminar will bring together leading experts from practice, research, development, and implementation for two days of knowledge exchange followed by a technical tour of the Colorado State University Hydraulic Laboratory with overtopping flume and wave simulator. This seminar will focus on: Critical issues related to levees and dams; New developments and advanced tools; Overtopping protection systems; System design and performance; Applications and innovative solutions; Case histories of overtopping events; Physical modeling techniques and recent studies; and Numerical modeling methods.
description: Includes bibliographical references.
description: South Carolina experienced what has been described as a 1,000-year flood on October 4 and 5, 2015. Widespread rainfall from Hurricane Joaquin pounded the state's capital city, Columbia, with over 20 inches of rain recorded in many locations. As a result, over 70 miles of Interstate 95 had to be closed, in addition to local roads and bridges, and thousands of residents had to flee their homes. State-wide, 36 dams failed – 31 state-regulated, 1 federally-regulated (on Fort Jackson), and 4 unregulated. The South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (DHEC) issued emergency orders on 75 additional dams in the state, with the vast majority of them privately-owned earthen dams. Sadly, there were 19 flood-related deaths, including a first responder whose work truck was swept away by the flood. Millions of dollars in property damages were incurred. This paper summarizes the historic storm and associated flooding of October 2015 in South Carolina, including the 74.5 mi2 Gills Creek Watershed in Richland County where 16 inches of rain was recorded in just 6 hours. It documents the overtopping performance of a number of earthen dams, including the overtopping failure and planned restoration of Gibson Pond Dam, as well as the satisfactory performance of Forest Lake Dam that had fabric-formed concrete overtopping protection on its crest and downstream slope. It is anticipated that the information presented in this paper would be of benefit and interest to those involved in dam safety.
On thermodynamics of nonlinear poroelastic materials
Creators: name: Wilmanski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Continuum thermodynamics
subject: porous media
subject: mixtures
subject: 74A15
subject: 74E30
subject: 74L05

description: The paper contains a brief presentation of a macroscopical thermodynamic model of poroelastic materials with many fluid components. A particular emphasis is placed on a Lagrangian formulation of the model and, consequently, on a consistent formulation of field equations on the reference configuration of the skeleton (solid phase of the mixture). It is demonstrated that the model possesses an identical structure as that in the pioneering work of C. A. Truesdell on the continuum mixture of fluids. An issue of porosity as an additional microstructural variable is particularly exposed.
Opposing roles of synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signaling in co-cultured striatal and cortical neurons
Creators: name: Kaufman, Alexandra
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor- type glutamate receptor (NMDAR) plays a unique and vital role in subcellular signaling. Ca²⁺ influx initiates signaling cascades important for synaptic plasticity and survival. However, overactivation of the receptor leads to toxicity and cell death. This dichotomy is partially explained by the subcellular location of the receptor. NMDARs located at the synapse have been shown to signal for cell survival, while extrasynaptic receptors signal for cell death. Thus far, the interplay between synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDARs has been studied exclusively in cortical (CTX) and hippocampal neurons; it is unknown whether medium spiny neurons of the striatum (MSNs), which bear the brunt of neurodegeneration in Huntington disease, follow the same pattern. There is evidence to suggest that signaling pathways may be different in CTX compared with MSNs. Here we study, for the first time, synaptic versus extrasynaptic signaling in striatal MSNs, focusing on activation of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). Synaptic NMDARs activate CREB in striatal MSNs, although this pathway is slightly less efficacious compared with CTX. Similarly to CTX, extrasynaptic NMDARs shut off CREB in MSNs. MSNs are less susceptible to NMDA-mediated toxicity compared with CTX. Blocking extrasynaptic receptors with memantine (30 µM) and GluN2B-containing receptors with ifenprodil (3 µM) prevents CREB shutoff and rescues neurons from NMDA-mediated toxicity. This work may provide cell- and NMDAR subtype-specific targets for treatment of diseases with putative NMDAR involvement, including neurodegenerative diseases and ischemia.
Measurement of isolated photons accompanied by jets in deep inelastic ep scattering
Creators: name: ZEUS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of isolated high-energy photons accompanied by jets has been measured in deep inelastic ep scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of 326 pb^{-1}. Measurements were made for exchanged photon virtualities, Q^2, in the range 10 to 350 GeV^2. The photons were measured in the transverse-energy and pseudorapidity ranges 4 < ET^gamma < 15 GeV and -0.7 < eta^gamma < 0.9, and the jets were measured in the transverse-energy and pseudorapidity ranges 2.5 < ET^jet <35 GeV and -1.5 < eta^jet < 1.8. Differential cross sections are presented as functions of these quantities. Perturbative QCD predictions give a reasonable description of the shape of the measured cross sections over most of the kinematic range, but the absolute normalisation is typically in disagreement by 20-30%.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures. Minor changes in published version
The Landscape of Causal Inference: Perspective From Citation Network Analysis
Creators: name: An, Weihua
name: Ding, Ying
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Science Policy

description: Causal inference is a fast-growing multidisciplinary field that has drawn extensive interests from statistical sciences and health and social sciences. In this article, we gather comprehensive information on publications and citations in causal inference and provide a review of the field from the perspective of citation network analysis. We provide descriptive analyses by showing the most cited publications, the most prolific and the most cited authors, and structural properties of the citation network. Then, we examine the citation network through exponential random graph models (ERGMs). We show that both technical aspects of the publications (e.g., publication length, time and quality) and social processes such as homophily (the tendency to cite publications in the same field or with shared authors), cumulative advantage, and transitivity (the tendency to cite references’ references), matter for citations. We also provide specific analysis of citations among the top authors in the field and present a ranking and clustering of the authors. Overall, our article reveals new insights into the landscape of the field of causal inference and may serve as a case study for analyzing citation networks in a multidisciplinary field and for fitting ERGMs on big networks. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Metal-Poor Lithium-Rich Giants in the Radial Velocity Experiment Survey
Creators: name: Ruchti, Gregory R.
name: Fulbright, Jon P.
name: Wyse, Rosemary F. G.
name: Gilmore, Gerard F.
name: Grebel, Eva K.
name: Bienayme, Olivier
name: Bland-Hawthorn, Joss
name: Freeman, Ken C.
name: Gibson, Brad K.
name: Munari, Ulisse
name: Navarro, Julio F.
name: Parker, Quentin A.
name: Reid, Warren
name: Seabroke, George M.
name: Siebert, Arnaud
name: Siviero, Alessandro
name: Steinmetz, Matthias
name: Watson, Fred G.
name: Williams, Mary
name: Zwitter, Tomaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of eight lithium-rich field giants found in a high resolution spectroscopic sample of over 700 metal-poor stars ([Fe/H]
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Chrysis communis W ALKER 1871
Creators: name: Madl, Michael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Chrysis
Chrysis communis

description: Chrysis communis W ALKER, 1871
Chrysis communis n.sp.: WALKER 1871a: 8 (descr. ♂ ♀, Tadjoura).
Chrysis communis WALKER, 1871: INNES BEY 1911: 109 (without locality, cat. Lord Collection).
Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) communis WALKER, 1871: MOCSÁRY 1889: 370 (tax., original descr., world cat.).
Chrysis communis WALKER, 1871: MADL & ROSA 2012: 27 (tax., cat. Afr. reg.).
D i s t r i b u t i o n: Tadjoura.
Chrysis communis is also known from the Palaearctic Region (Egypt, Israel). The record from Djibouti is not mentioned in DE DALLA TORRE (1892: 52), BISCHOFF (1913: 49) and KIMSEY & BOHART (1990: 398). Chrysis communis is as a possible synonym of Chrysis laetabilis DU BUYSSON, 1887 (BISCHOFF 1913: 54).
description: Published as part of Madl, Michael, 2018, A preliminary catalogue of the Hymenoptera (Insecta) of the Republic of Djibouti, pp. 907-967 in Linzer biologische Beiträge 50 (2) on page 914, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3776452
Prevalence and Covariates of Food Insecurity Across the First 1000 Days Among Women of Mixed HIV Status in Western Kenya: A Longitudinal Perspective
Creators: name: Santoso, Marianne V.
name: Young, Sera L.
name: Wekesa, Pauline
name: Alvarez, Gloria G.
name: Owuor, Patrick Mbullo
name: Miller, Joshua D.
name: Onono, Maricianah
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications
Year: 2021

description:
BACKGROUND: Food insecurity (FI) is common globally and can have lifelong consequences. However, few studies have longitudinally examined how FI varies across gestation and the postpartum period ("the first 1000 days"); none have explored this in sub-Saharan Africa or in the context of HIV. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and covariates of FI in the first 1000 days among Kenyan women. METHODS: All pregnant women attending 7 clinics in western Kenya (n = 1247) were screened for HIV and FI (Individual Food Insecurity Access Scale) between September 2014 and June 2015. A subset of women (n = 371) was recruited into an observational cohort study and surveyed 11 times through 2 years postpartum (NCT02974972, NCT02979418). Data on FI, sociodemographics, and health were repeatedly collected. Severe FI was modeled using multilevel, mixed-effects logistic regressions (n = 346). RESULTS: Of the 1247 pregnant women screened, 76.5% were severely food insecure in the prior month. Further, the prevalence of severe FI was higher among women living with HIV than those without (82.6% vs 74.6%, P < .05). In the cohort, the odds of being severely food insecure decreased monotonically after delivery. Each point higher on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale was associated with 1.08 times greater odds of being severely food insecure (95% CI: 1.05-1.10); each point higher on the Duke/UNC Functional Social Support Scale was associated with 0.97 lower odds of severe FI (95% CI: 0.94-0.99). CONCLUSIONS: Severe FI is prevalent during the first 1000 days in western Kenya. Services to mitigate the far-reaching consequences of this modifiable risk should be considered.
The Platform Press: How Silicon Valley Reengineered Journalism
Creators: name: Bell, Emily J.
name: Owen, Taylor
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Technological innovations
Press
Social media
Online journalism

description: The influence of social media platforms and technology companies is having a greater effect on American journalism than even the shift from print to digital. There is a rapid takeover of traditional publishers’ roles by companies including Facebook, Snapchat, Google, and Twitter that shows no sign of slowing, and which raises serious questions over how the costs of journalism will be supported. These companies have evolved beyond their role as distribution channels, and now control what audiences see and who gets paid for their attention, and even what format and type of journalism flourishes. Publishers are continuing to push more of their journalism to third-party platforms despite no guarantee of consistent return on investment. Publishing is no longer the core activity of certain journalism organizations. This trend will continue as news companies give up more of the traditional functions of publishers. This report, part of an ongoing study by the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia Journalism School, charts the convergence between journalism and platform companies. In the span of 20 years, journalism has experienced three significant changes in business and distribution models: the switch from analog to digital, the rise of the social web, and now the dominance of mobile. This last phase has seen large technology companies dominate the markets for attention and advertising and has forced news organizations to rethink their processes and structures.
The New Global Journalism: Foreign Correspondence in Transition
Creators: name: Niknejad, Kelly Golnoush
name: Kaphle, Anup
name: Al Omran, Ahmed
name: Baykurt, Burcu
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Journalism
Online journalism
Journalism--Methodology
Journalism--Technological innovations
Foreign correspondents
Reporters and reporting

description: The digital journalist uses a host of new electronic sources, tools, and practices that are now part of the global reporting landscape. Digital journalists would argue that in the right circumstances, these tools enable them to offer as clear and informed a report as what the journalist on the ground can produce–sometimes even clearer, because they may have access to a broader spectrum of material than a field reporter. In mainstream newsrooms, though, there is still significant skepticism about digital’s impact on foreign reporting. Many see it as the end of the era when a reporter could spend a full day–or days or weeks–reporting in the field before sitting down to write. That traditional foreign correspondent model served audiences well, bringing them vivid accounts of breaking news and nuanced analysis of longer-term developments.At the Tow Center, we believe that both forms of reporting are vital, that both are necessary to help all of us understand the world. A goal of this report is to narrow or eliminate the divide between the two, and in this spirit we lay out several objectives. First, our authors work to provide a clear picture of this new reporting landscape: Who are the primary actors, and what does the ecosystem of journalists, citizens, sources, tools, practices, and challenges look like? Second, we urge managers at both mainstream and digital native media outlets to embrace both kinds of reporting, melding them into a new international journalism that produces stories with greater insight. Third, we hope to show the strengths in traditional and digital foreign reporting techniques, with a goal of defining a hybrid foreign correspondent model–not a correspondent who can do everything, but one open to using all reporting tools and a wide range of sources. Finally, we outline governance issues in this new space–legal and operational–with an aim to help journalists report securely and independently in this digital age. We approach these issues through five chapters, whose authors include journalists from both digital-native and mainstream media, as well as a communications scholar and a media producer for a human rights organization. While each writes from a different vantage, the overlapping insights and conclusions begin to redefine both the edges and heart of international reportage now.
Structured epitaxial graphene: growth and properties
Creators: name: Hu, Yike
name: Ruan, Ming
name: Guo, Zelei
name: Dong, Rui
name: Palmer, James
name: Hankinson, John
name: Berger, Claire
name: de Heer, Walt A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Graphene is generally considered to be a strong candidate to succeed silicon as an electronic material. However, to date, it actually has not yet demonstrated capabilities that exceed standard semiconducting materials. Currently demonstrated viable graphene devices are essentially limited to micron size ultrahigh frequency analog field effect transistors and quantum Hall effect devices for metrology. Nanoscopically patterned graphene tends to have disordered edges that severely reduce mobilities thereby obviating its advantage over other materials. Here we show that graphene grown on structured silicon carbide surfaces overcomes the edge roughness and promises to provide an inroad into nanoscale patterning of graphene. We show that high quality ribbons and rings can be made using this technique. We also report on progress towards high mobility graphene monolayers on silicon carbide for device applications.
description: J. Phys D - Epitaxial Graphene special issue (submitted)
Interpretation of the large-deformation high spin bands in selected A=158-168 nuclei
Creators: name: Kardan, A.
name: Ragnarsson, I.
name: Miri-Hakimabad, H.
name: Rafat-Motevali, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The high-spin rotational bands in 168Hf and the triaxial bands in Lu nuclei are analyzed using the configuration-constrained Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) model. Special attention is given to the up-sloping extruder orbitals. The relative alignment between the bands which appear to correspond to triaxial shape is also considered, including the yrast ultra-high spin band in 158Er. This comparison suggests that the latter band is formed from rotation around the intermediate axis. In addition, the standard approximations of the CNS approach are investigated, indicating that the errors which are introduced by the neglect of off-shell matrix elements and the cut-off at 9 oscillator shells (N_{max}=8) are essentially negligible compared to other uncertainties. On the other hand, the full inclusion of the hexadecapole degree of freedom is more significant; for example it leads to a decrease of the total energy of ~ 500 keV in the TSD region of 168Hf.
description: Submitted to Physical Review C 20 pages, 18 figures
The Case for Media Impact: A Case Study of ICIJ's Radical Collaboration Strategy
Creators: name: Pitt, Fergus
name: Green-Barber, Lindsay
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Journalism
Journalism--Decision making
Investigative reporting
Journalism--Evaluation

description: The media—and especially nonprofit media—has spent the past few years struggling to measure the impact of its work. Some outlets are compelled to do so by counting their philanthropic supporters; others see their impact as foundational to audience development and engagement, and still others are beginning to experiment with the role of impact measurement in advertising and other revenue streams. Of course, at its core, journalism is intended to have an effect: to inform the public so we can be civically engaged and hold the powerful to account. But what does it mean for a journalistic organization to put the goal of impact at the center of its mission? In this report, we explore this question through the lens of the International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) and its explosive project, “Evicted and Abandoned,” in which a collaborative reporting project of more than fifty reporters and fifteen organizations in twenty-one countries took on the World Bank. The investigation found that, over the last decade, projects funded by the World Bank have physically or economically displaced an estimated 3.4 million people; that the World Bank and the International Finance Corporation have financed governments and companies accused of human rights violations; and that, from 2009 to 2013, World Bank Group lenders invested fifty billion dollars into projects graded with the highest risk for “irreversible or unprecedented” social or environmental impacts. Part One of the report introduces the current impact conversation in the media arena and describes ICIJ’s structure and strategy. Part Two traces the forerunners to some contemporary journalists’ discomfort with the notion of impact as a goal for media, and finds that, in fact, the notion of journalistic impact is nothing new. In Part Three, we examine how ICIJ’s impact imperative affects the organization’s approach to story choice, production, and distribution. The report also covers the challenges associated with this model and suggests what other journalistic organizations can learn from the experience of ICIJ.