cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
undefined-C Flower 1950
Creators: name: Kröger, Björn
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Discosorida

description: Discosorida fam., gen. et sp. indet. C
Fig. 46C–D
Material examined
ESTONIA • 1 spec.; Hiiumaa Island; Kõrgessaare quarry, Vormsi Regional Stage; TUG 1745-284.
Description
The specimen is a mold of a complete mature body chamber. The outer shell is not preserved. The base of the body chamber has a height and width of 40 mm and 28 mm, respectively (CHI = 1.43). The body chamber is 28 mm long (RBL = 0.7). In lateral view, the antisiphuncular margin is convex and the prosiphuncular margin straight or only slightly convex near the aperture. The peristome is simple and straight, a faint hyponomic sinus is present on the prosiphuncular side. The adoralmost ca 5 mm of the body chamber are contracted. At the base, a ca 5 mm a wide band of oncomyarian, buttressed muscle scars is present. The suture is straight and directly transverse. The septal foramen is 5 mm wide and imprints on the septal mode suggest an expanded siphuncular segment with a width of at least 10 mm (RSH = 0.13, RSS = 2).
Remarks
This specimen (probably a cyrtogomphoceratid) is very similar in shape to GIT 426-1100 (Discosorida fam., gen. et sp. indet. B) but it is smaller (height at base of body chamber: 40 mm, against 60 mm in the latter). More, and better persevered material is needed to evaluate the features of the siphuncle to assign this specimen to a (new) species.
description: Published as part of Kröger, Björn, 2025, The Lyckholm acme of cephalopods - Review of the late Katian (Vormsi-Pirgu regional stages) Ordovician cephalopods of Estonia, pp. 1-169 in European Journal of Taxonomy 978 on page 126, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2025.978.2801, http://zenodo.org/record/14988376
Local and non-local dependency learning and emergence of rule-like representations in speech data by Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks
Creators: name: Beguš, Gašper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper argues that training GANs on local and non-local dependencies in speech data offers insights into how deep neural networks discretize continuous data and how symbolic-like rule-based morphophonological processes emerge in a deep convolutional architecture. Acquisition of speech has recently been modeled as a dependency between latent space and data generated by GANs in Beguš (2020b; arXiv:2006.03965), who models learning of a simple local allophonic distribution. We extend this approach to test learning of local and non-local phonological processes that include approximations of morphological processes. We further parallel outputs of the model to results of a behavioral experiment where human subjects are trained on the data used for training the GAN network. Four main conclusions emerge: (i) the networks provide useful information for computational models of speech acquisition even if trained on a comparatively small dataset of an artificial grammar learning experiment; (ii) local processes are easier to learn than non-local processes, which matches both behavioral data in human subjects and typology in the world's languages. This paper also proposes (iii) how we can actively observe the network's progress in learning and explore the effect of training steps on learning representations by keeping latent space constant across different training steps. Finally, this paper shows that (iv) the network learns to encode the presence of a prefix with a single latent variable; by interpolating this variable, we can actively observe the operation of a non-local phonological process. The proposed technique for retrieving learning representations has general implications for our understanding of how GANs discretize continuous speech data and suggests that rule-like generalizations in the training data are represented as an interaction between variables in the network's latent space.
description: In press at Computer Speech & Language
Economic Reform, Energy, and Development: The Case of Mexican Manufacturing
Creators: name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
name: Aguayo, Francisco
name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
name: Aguayo, Francisco
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Given increasing concern over global climate change and national security there is a burgeoning interest in examining the relationship between economic growth and energy use in developed and developing countries. More specifically, delinking energy use per unit of gross domestic product (GDP) has fast come to be seen as in the interests of national economies and the world as a whole. Recent attention has been paid to the dramatic decreases in the energy intensity of the Chinese economy, which fell by 55 percent between 1975 and 1995 (Sinton and Fridley, 2000). Do other developing economies follow similar trajectories? This paper examines the energy intensity of the Mexican economy for the period 1988 to 1998. Although the long-term trend in Mexican energy intensity is rising, the energy intensity of the Mexican economy began to decline in 1988. This paper delineates the factors that have contributed to these reductions. Diminishing Mexican energy use per unit of GDP has been driven by significant decreases in industrial energy intensity. We show that these changes are due to changes in the composition of Mexican industrial structure, and technological change.
Adaptive Mesh Refinement for Coupled Elliptic-Hyperbolic Systems
Creators: name: Pretorius, Frans
name: Choptuik, Matthew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a modification to the Berger and Oliger adaptive mesh refinement algorithm designed to solve systems of coupled, non-linear, hyperbolic and elliptic partial differential equations. Such systems typically arise during constrained evolution of the field equations of general relativity. The novel aspect of this algorithm is a technique of "extrapolation and delayed solution" used to deal with the non-local nature of the solution of the elliptic equations, driven by dynamical sources, within the usual Berger and Oliger time-stepping framework. We show empirical results demonstrating the effectiveness of this technique in axisymmetric gravitational collapse simulations. We also describe several other details of the code, including truncation error estimation using a self-shadow hierarchy, and the refinement-boundary interpolation operators that are used to help suppress spurious high-frequency solution components ("noise").
description: 31 pages, 15 figures; replaced with published version
Diffusive coupling of two well-mixed compartments elucidates elementary principles of protein-based pattern formation
Creators: name: Brauns, Fridtjof
name: Halatek, Jacob
name: Frey, Erwin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spatial organization of proteins in cells is important for many biological functions. In general, the nonlinear, spatially coupled models for protein-pattern formation are only accessible to numerical simulations, which has limited insight into the general underlying principles. To overcome this limitation, we adopt the setting of two diffusively coupled, well-mixed compartments that represents the elementary feature of any pattern -- an interface. For intracellular systems, the total numbers of proteins are conserved on the relevant timescale of pattern formation. Thus, the essential dynamics is the redistribution of the globally conserved mass densities between the two compartments. We present a phase-portrait analysis in the phase-space of the redistributed masses that provides insights on the physical mechanisms underlying pattern formation. We demonstrate this approach for several paradigmatic model systems. In particular, we show that the pole-to-pole Min oscillations in Escherichia coli are relaxation oscillations of the MinD polarity orientation. This reveals a close relation between cell polarity oscillatory patterns in cells. Critically, our findings suggest that the design principles of intracellular pattern formation are found in characteristic features in these phase portraits (nullclines and fixed points). These features are not uniquely determined by the topology of the protein-interaction network but depend on parameters (kinetic rates, diffusion constants) and distinct networks can give rise to equivalent phase portrait features.
description: 21 pages, 10 figures; v2: published version
The predictive value of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score for clinical outcomes in patients with acute kidney injury
Creators: name: Wang, Na
name: Wang, Meiping
name: Jiang, Li
name: Du, Bin
name: Zhu, Bo
name: Xi, Xiuming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: To compare the performance of the Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS), the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II), and the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score in predicting 28-day mortality in acute kidney injury (AKI) patients. Data were extracted from the Beijing Acute Kidney Injury Trial (BAKIT). A total of 2954 patients with complete clinical data were included in this study. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze and evaluate the predictive effects of the four scoring systems on the 28-day mortality risk of AKI patients and each subgroup. The best cutoff value was identified by the highest combined sensitivity and specificity using Youden’s index. Among the four scoring systems, the area under the curve (AUC) of OASIS was the highest. The comparison of AUC values of different scoring systems showed that there were no significant differences among OASIS, APACHE II, and SAPS II, which were better than SOFA. Moreover, logistic analysis revealed that OASIS was an independent risk factor for 28-day mortality in AKI patients. OASIS also had good predictive ability for the 28-day mortality of each subgroup of AKI patients. OASIS, APACHE II, and SAPS II all presented good discrimination and calibration in predicting the 28-day mortality risk of AKI patients. OASIS, APACHE II, and SAPS II had better predictive accuracy than SOFA, but due to the complexity of APACHE II and SAPS II calculations, OASIS is a good substitute. This study was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (registration number Chi CTR-ONC-11001875). Registered on 14 December 2011.
Dirt is in the Eye of the Beholder: The World Bank Air Pollution Intensities for Mexico
Creators: name: Aguayo, Francisco
name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
name: Gonzalez, Ana Citlalic
name: Aguayo, Francisco
name: Gallagher, Kevin P.
name: Gonzalez, Ana Citlalic
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: This paper identifies a number of errors and inconsistencies in a series of air pollution intensities for Mexico that were recently created by the World Bank. Because these data are being used to conduct public policy analysis and advice for Mexico and countries at similar levels of development, knowledge of the limits of these data is of utmost importance. In addition to identifying the problems with these data, this paper makes a series of adjustments to offer a corrected dataset. These newly corrected data are available on the World Bank's New Ideas in Pollution Regulation (NIPR) web page.
Neural Closure Models for Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Gupta, Abhinav
name: Lermusiaux, Pierre F. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2; I.2.m
subject: 68T01 (Primary) 37M05, 34A99, 86-08 (Secondary)

description: Complex dynamical systems are used for predictions in many domains. Because of computational costs, models are truncated, coarsened, or aggregated. As the neglected and unresolved terms become important, the utility of model predictions diminishes. We develop a novel, versatile, and rigorous methodology to learn non-Markovian closure parameterizations for known-physics/low-fidelity models using data from high-fidelity simulations. The new "neural closure models" augment low-fidelity models with neural delay differential equations (nDDEs), motivated by the Mori-Zwanzig formulation and the inherent delays in complex dynamical systems. We demonstrate that neural closures efficiently account for truncated modes in reduced-order-models, capture the effects of subgrid-scale processes in coarse models, and augment the simplification of complex biological and physical-biogeochemical models. We find that using non-Markovian over Markovian closures improves long-term prediction accuracy and requires smaller networks. We derive adjoint equations and network architectures needed to efficiently implement the new discrete and distributed nDDEs, for any time-integration schemes and allowing nonuniformly-spaced temporal training data. The performance of discrete over distributed delays in closure models is explained using information theory, and we find an optimal amount of past information for a specified architecture. Finally, we analyze computational complexity and explain the limited additional cost due to neural closure models.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, 13 pages of supplementary information
The evolution of large cavities and disc eccentricity in circumbinary discs
Creators: name: Ragusa, Enrico
name: Alexander, Richard
name: Calcino, Josh
name: Hirsh, Kieran
name: Price, Daniel J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mutual evolution of the orbital properties of high mass ratio, circular, co-planar binaries and their surrounding discs, using 3D Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations. We investigate the evolution of binary and disc eccentricity, cavity structure and the formation of orbiting azimuthal over-dense features in the disc. Even with circular initial conditions, all discs with mass ratios $q>0.05$ develop eccentricity. We find that disc eccentricity grows abruptly after a relatively long time-scale ($\sim 400\textrm{--}700$ binary orbits), and is associated with a very small increase in the binary eccentricity. When disc eccentricity grows, the cavity semi-major axis reaches values $a_{\rm cav}\approx 3.5\, a_{\rm bin}$. We also find that the disc eccentricity correlates linearly with the cavity size. Viscosity and orbit crossing, appear to be responsible for halting the disc eccentricity growth -- eccentricity at the cavity edge in the range $e_{\rm cav}\sim 0.05\textrm{--} 0.35$. Our analysis shows that the current theoretical framework cannot fully explain the origin of these evolutionary features when the binary is almost circular ($e_{\rm bin}\lesssim 0.01$); we speculate about alternative explanations. As previously observed, we find that the disc develops an azimuthal over-dense feature in Keplerian motion at the edge of the cavity. A low contrast over-density still co-moves with the flow after 2000 binary orbits; such an over-density can in principle cause significant dust trapping, with important consequences for protoplanetary disc observations.
description: 20 pages, 17 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Recoil Free Scattering From a Free Gas
Creators: name: Sanders, Scott N.
name: Mintert, Florian
name: Heller, Eric J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a treatment of decoherence in an atom due to scattering from a gas of free particles. We show that there is a recoil free scattering process that leaves both the atom and the gas in an unchanged state, but allows for the acquisition of a phase shift that remains in the free space limit. This is essential to understanding decoherence in a separated arm atom interferometer, where a gas of atoms forms a refractive medium for a matter wave. Our work clarifies the extent to which scattering of a free particle acts as a which-way measurement.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Medical students’ and health professionals’ knowledge regarding acute kidney injury: a cross-sectional study in the city of São Paulo, Brazil
Creators: name: Samaan, Farid
name: Aoike, Danilo
name: Pagrion-Neto, Ricardo
name: Pons, Thiago Cesar
name: Lisboa, Rafaela Bracci
name: Burdmann, Emmanuel A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a worldwide public health problem and is often treated by non-nephrologists. The objective of this study was to evaluate the knowledge of non-nephrologists, undergraduate medical students and health professionals regarding AKI. An unsupervised and closed-response electronic questionnaire was sent to sixth-year medical students and non-nephrologist health professionals working in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 424 responses were returned from 650 invitations (40.1% males, 39.2% physicians, 34.0% senior medical students or resident physicians, 16.3% nurses and 10.6% pharmacists). The knowledge of medical students and health professionals about the prevalence and lethality of AKI in hospitals ranged from 40.8% to 59.2%. The most recognized susceptibilities and risk factors for AKI were sepsis/septic shock (95.0%) and diabetes mellitus (91.3%); the less-recognized susceptibilities and risk factors were exposure to gadolinium-based contrast (23.3%) and chronic liver disease (55.7%). The study participants’ rate of knowledge regarding the diagnosis of AKI was 50.9–73.6%, and their rate of knowledge regarding the criteria of increased serum creatinine and reduced urine volume was 52.6%. The most-recognized nephrotoxic medications were vancomycin (82.3%) and diclofenac (80.4%), and the least-recognized were acyclovir (34.0%) and cotrimoxazole (30.4%). The indications for emergency renal replacement therapy that were recognized by the study respondents were metabolic acidosis (82.3%), uremic syndrome (81.6%), hyperkalemia unresponsive to clinical treatment (78.1%) and acute pulmonary edema (71.6%). The study showed knowledge gaps that can impact patient care and can be used to guide professional training programs.
The biomechanical effects of crank arm length on cycling mechanics
Creators: name: Sprules, Erica Booth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The hypothesis of the current investigation was that there existed a relationship between anthropometry (total leg length, thigh length and shank length) and the crank length permitting the lowest heart rate at a given work rate (optimum crank length). In order to understand the mechanisms governing this relationship, segmental energies, average effective forces and average linear velocities of the foot were calculated. Sixteen avid cyclists completed one ride at each of 6 randomly presented crank lengths (120 mm, 140 mm, 160 mm, 180 mm, 200 mm and 220 mm). Subjects rode at a power output that elicited a heart rate response of approximately 155 bpm while riding with 160 mm cranks and were required to maintain a constant cadence of 90 rpm. During each crank length condition, pedal forces and heart rate were measured and videotape was collected. A multiple regression revealed that neither the average effective force, nor the average resultant linear velocity of the foot predicted the heart rates elicited across all crank lengths. A repeated measures ANOVA showed that the lowest segmental energies occurred at the shortest crank length. Optimum crank length was calculated for each subject and a multiple regression revealed that 51% of the variance in optimum crank length could be predicted by the following equation: optimum crank length (mm) = (18.971 *shank length) - (7.438*total leg length) + 90.679. However, almost all subjects' optimum crank lengths were in the range of 120 mm to 160 mm; a grouping of cranks that elicited statistically similar physiological responses and that includes crank lengths very close to the industry standard of 170 mm. It was therefore the recommendation of the investigator that crank lengths need not be changed from the industry standard of 170 mm for individuals of various leg lengths as optimum crank lengths predicted from leg length measures do not differ significantly in terms of physiological responses from crank lengths very close to the current industry standard.
Dissipationless Mergers of Elliptical Galaxies and the Evolution of the Fundamental Plane
Creators: name: Boylan-Kolchin, Michael
name: Ma, Chung-Pei
name: Quataert, Eliot
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We carry out numerical simulations of dissipationless major mergers of elliptical galaxies using initial galaxy models that consist of a dark matter halo and a stellar bulge with properties consistent with the observed fundamental plane. By varying the density profile of the dark matter halo (standard NFW versus adiabatically contracted NFW), the global stellar to dark matter mass ratio, and the orbit of the merging galaxies, we are able to assess the impact of each of these factors on the structure of the merger remnant. Our results indicate that the properties of the remnant bulge depend primarily on the angular momentum and energy of the orbit; for a cosmologically motivated orbit, the effective radius and velocity dispersion of the remnant bulge remain approximately on the fundamental plane. This indicates that the observed properties of elliptical galaxies are consistent with significant growth via late dissipationless mergers. We also find that the dark matter fraction within the effective radius of our remnants increases after the merger, consistent with the hypothesis that the tilt of the fundamental plane from the virial theorem is due to a varying dark matter fraction as a function of galaxy mass.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures; MNRAS, in press. Minor revisions, results from an additional simulation added
Policy Space for Development in the WTO and Beyond: The Case of Intellectual Property Rights
Creators: name: Shadlen, Ken
name: Shadlen, Ken
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Global governance in intellectual property (IP) has changed dramatically in the last two decades, and these changes have profound - and worrying - implications for late development. What was once principally an instrument of national policy is now increasingly subject to international disciplines, as the world moves ever-closer to harmonization in the area of IP management. But moving toward harmonization and achieving harmonization are different matters, and it is essential to keep in mind that the former and not the latter describes contemporary arrangements: the trend is toward a reduction in policy space, a feature that many scholars and activists point to with great concern (Gallagher, 2005), but the outcome remains one where countries retain space for autonomous IP management. This paper examines the relationship between IP and development, presenting a framework for assessing IP regimes both cross-nationally and over time. It is then shown how the trend toward harmonization places new and significant restrictions on developing countries' opportunities for policy innovation in IP management. The implications of harmonization for a range of issues are then considered, including late industrialization, promotion of public health, and protection of biodiversity. The paper shows that the new regulations are most accentuated at the regional and bilateral level. Thus, for all of the concerns that academics and policy analysts have legitimately and rightly expressed over TRIPS, the biggest threat to using IP policy as tool for realizing development objectives comes not so much from the World Trade Organization (WTO) as from bilateral and regional Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) between developed and developing countries. I demonstrate this by examining various aspects of IP policy: over and over, we see that countries that are parties to such PTAs have significantly less autonomy in their management of IP. In the conclusion, a set of policy recommendations are put forth, at both regional and multilateral levels, for restoring countries' ability to use IP as a tool for economic development. The policy challenges are twofold: developing countries must utilize and exploit the remaining opportunities under TRIPS to use IP management for national development purposes, and developing countries must be careful to avoid bargaining away their remaining rights under PTAs.
Surgical versus medical treatment for infective endocarditis in patients on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Ting, Sze-Wen
name: Chen, Jia-Jin
name: Lee, Tao-Han
name: Kuo, George
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious infection and causes significant morbidity and mortality. However, the benefit of surgery for endocarditis besides antibiotic treatment in dialysis patients remains controversial. We performed a systematic review of studies published between 1960 and February 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted with a random-effects model to explore the in-hospital, 30, 60, 90, 180-d, and 1-year mortality rates in adult dialysis patients with IE. Sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were performed to explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Confidence of evidence was evaluated by the GRADE system. Thirteen studies were included. The pooled odds ratio of in-hospital mortality was 0.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30–1.28, p = .17), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 62%, p < .01). Three studies reported 30-d mortality, and the pooled odds ratio for surgery compared with medical treatment was even lower (0.36; 95% CI: 0.22–0.61, p < .01), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = .86). With studies on fewer than 30 patients excluded, the sensitivity analysis revealed a low odds ratio of in-hospital mortality for surgery versus medical treatment (0.52; 95% CI: 0.27–0.99, p = .047), with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 63%, p < .01). Subgroup analysis revealed no significant differences between any two comparator subgroups. Based on a very low strength of evidence, compared with medical treatment, surgical treatment for IE in patients on dialysis is not associated with lower in-hospital mortality. When studies on fewer than 30 patients were excluded, surgical treatment was associated with better survival.
The structure of Planetary Nebulae: theory vs. practice
Creators: name: Sabbadin, F.
name: Turatto, M.
name: Ragazzoni, R.
name: Cappellaro, E.
name: Benetti, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper - the first of a short series dedicated to the long-stan ding astronomical problem of de-projecting the bi-dimensional apparent morpholog y of a three-dimensional mass of gas - focuses on the density distribution in real Planetary Nebulae (and all types of expanding nebulae). We introduce some basic theoretical notions, discuss the observational methodology and develope the accurate procedure for the determination of the matter radial profile within the sharp portion of nebula in the plane of the sky identified by the zero-velocity-pixel-column (zvpc) of high-resolution spectral images. Moreover, a series of evolutive snapshots is presented, combining illustrative examples of model- and true-Planetary Nebulae. Last, the general and specific applications of the method (and some caveats) are discussed.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, A&A accepted
The Stoyanovsky-Ribault-Teschner Map and String Scattering Amplitudes
Creators: name: Giribet, Gaston
name: Nakayama, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Ribault and Teschner pointed out the existence of a one-to-one correspondence between N-point correlation functions for the SL(2,C)_k/SU(2) WZNW model on the sphere and certain set of 2N-2-point correlation functions in Liouville field theory. This result is based on a seminal work by Stoyanovsky. Here, we discuss the implications of this correspondence focusing on its application to string theory on curved backgrounds. For instance, we analyze how the divergences corresponding to worldsheet instantons in AdS_3 can be understood as arising from the insertion of the dual screening operator in the Liouville theory side. We also study the pole structure of N-point functions in the 2D Euclidean black hole and its holographic meaning in terms of the Little String Theory. This enables us to interpret the correspondence between CFTs as encoding a LSZ-type reduction procedure. Furthermore, we discuss the scattering amplitudes violating the winding number conservation in those backgrounds and provide a formula connecting such amplitudes with observables in Liouville field theory. Finally, we study the WZNW correlation functions in the limit k -> 0 and show that, at the point k=0, the Stoyanovsky-Ribault-Teschner dictionary turns out to be in agreement with the FZZ conjecture at a particular point of the space of parameters where the Liouville central charge becomes c=-2. This result makes contact with recent studies on the dynamical tachyon condensation in closed string theory.
description: 30 pages; no figures
Long-Range Anomalous Decay of the Correlation in Jammed Packings
Creators: name: Rissone, Paolo
name: Corwin, Eric I.
name: Parisi, Giorgio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically study the structure of the interactions occurring in three-dimensional systems of hard spheres at jamming, focusing on the large-scale behavior. Given the fundamental role they play in the configuration of jammed packings, we analyze the propagation through the system of the weak forces and of the variation of the coordination number with respect to the isostaticity condition $ΔZ$. We show that these correlations can be successfully probed by introducing a correlation function weighted on the density-density fluctuations. The results of this analysis can be further improved by introducing a representation of the system based on the contact points between particles. In particular, we find evidence that the weak forces and the $ΔZ$ fluctuations support the hypothesis of randomly jammed packings of spherical particles being hyperuniform by exhibiting an anomalous long-range decay. Moreover, we find that the large-scale structure of the density-density correlation exhibits a complex behavior due to the superimposition of two exponentially damped oscillating signals propagating with linearly depending frequencies.
description: Main: 5 pages, 4 figures; Supp. Info.: 2 pages, 1 figure
Beyond Small-Is-Beautiful: A Buddhist and Feminist Analysis of Ethics and Business
Creators: name: Nelson, Julie A.
name: Nelson, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: Buddhist philosophy teaches a thoroughly relational ontology, holding that what really is are relations and processes enfolding out of a common substrate though time. Often, however, attempts to apply Buddhist thinking to economic issues seem to forget this. Corporations and markets are described in the language of substantive structures and impersonal mechanisms, rather than in relational and process terms. This essay argues that a thorough-going Buddhist analysis, supplemented by contemporary insights from feminist theory, yields a relational understanding of business firms and markets that can help move debates about ethics and business beyond issues of scale.
title: Publisher Submission Portal User Survey - Autumn 2021
Creators: name: Hazell, Lottie
Publisher: name: British Library
Year: 2021

description: A presentation given to the Collection Development and Acquisitions sub-group (CDAS) of the Legal Deposit Implementation Group in December 2021. CDAS brings together representatives from the six UK legal deposit libraries, to report on operational matters and plan policy for co-operation on managing the legal deposit collections. The Publisher Submission Portal is a tool that can be used to deposit born digital publications to the British Library, and other legal deposit libraries, to fufil obligations under legal deposit law. The Portal is designed for use by small publishers, defined as producing 50 or fewer publications per year. This is a report on a survey of publishers who use the Portal, conducted in December 2021. The aim of the survey was to understand the behaviour and motivations of users of the Portal, and also to find out more about user experience. The Portal is used by self-publishers, alongside policy units, research organisations and voluntary organisations in the UK. The responses to the survey give an insight into the 'long tail' of publishing in the UK.
Il principio di precauzione quale strumento di tutela della salute umana: limite o incentivo al commercio dei farmaci?
Precautionary principle and Health Protection: limit or incentive to Drug trade?
Creators: name: Bertarini, Beatrice <1983>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2015
Subjects: IUS/05 Diritto dell'economia

description: La tesi dottorale si incentra sull'analisi del principio di precauzione e sulla sua portata applicativa in quella che possiamo definire “la vita del medicinale”.
La disamina prende le sue mosse dalla teoria generale relativa al principio di precauzione e ne indaga, in primis, le sue origini e la sua evoluzione e successivamente ne considera la trasposizione giuridica nel settore ambientale e della salute umana.
Si può sintetizzare, in via generale, come il ricorso al principio di precauzione avvenga quando il rischio connesso ad un evento non è un rischio determinato, ma è un rischio potenziale, cioè non supportato da dati scientifici che dimostrino in modo chiaro la connessione esistente tra avvenimento e danni (causa – effetto). In particolare, i dati scientifici che tentano di analizzare detto rischio non sono sufficienti o non sono giunti ad un risultato concludente e quindi  la valutazione che viene fatta non consente di determinare il rischio con sufficiente certezza.
La tesi dottorale focalizza la sua attenzione sull’applicazione del principio di precauzione ad un particolare bene, il medicinale; la necessità di minimizzare i rischi derivanti dall’assunzione del farmaco richiede un presidio dei pubblici poteri e di conseguenza questo comporta la necessità di “amministrare” il medicinale anche attraverso una serie di autorizzazioni amministrative quali l’autorizzazione alla produzione, l’autorizzazione all’immissione in commercio, l’autorizzazione alla distribuzione ed alla commercializzazione.
description: The study focuses its attention on the analysis of the precautionary principle and its application in the phases that characterize the production chain of the medicine.
The precautionary principle is applied when the risk related to an event is not a risk determined, but it is a potential risk because scientific data do not demonstrate a clear connection between the incident and damage
The need to minimize the risk associated with the recruitment of a medicinal requires a defense of Public Authority that is implemented through
the manufacturing authorization, the marketing authorization, authorization for distribution and marketing.
Quantum Relaxation of the Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Jackiw, R.
name: Nunez, Carlos
name: Pi, S. -Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a mechanism that drives the Cosmological Constant to zero value. This mechanism is based on the quantum triviality of $λϕ^4$ field theory and works in $AdS$ space. Some subtleties of the model are discussed.
description: Einstein Memorial Issue, Physics Letters A. Presented at the Kummerfest, Vienna, January 2005, 5 pages. Latex
Is regular in-person recall superior to non-regular in-person recall in clinical outcomes among new patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis
Creators: name: Liu, Ying
name: Chang, Wen Xiu
name: Cheng, Ben-Chung
name: Chen, Jin-Bor
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Marine Biology
Cancer
Science Policy
Computational Biology

description: To investigate the different impacts on clinical outcomes between regular recall and non-regular recall among incident peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. A two-center cohort of 216 new PD patients from 1January 2013, to 31 December 2014, was studied. Informative clinical data were collected from baseline until two years after PD initiation, including demographics, laboratory and PD-related parameters, PD-related peritonitis rates, and frequency of hospitalization. Regular in-person recall (RPR) was defined as having a one-month interval and non-regular in-person recall (NRPR) as an interval ranging from more than one month to less than three months. Percentage of patients with peritonitis was significantly higher among patients in the NRPR group than among those in the RPR group (27.7% vs. 16.5%, p = .049). PD-related peritonitis rate was higher in the NRPR vs. RPR cohorts (0.16 vs. 0.09 person/year, p = .019). PD-related hospitalization frequency was also higher in the NRPR cohort (0.8 ± 1.0 vs. 0.5 ± 0.9, p = .039) over two years. Kt/V values in the NRPR cohort gradually decreased over two years and were at lower levels than in the RPR cohort. New PD patients with NRPR showed higher rates of PD-related peritonitis and hospitalization frequency than patients with RPR.
Cosmic ray velocity and electric charge measurements with the AMS/RICH detector: prototype results
Creators: name: Arruda, Luísa
name: Barão, Fernando
name: Gonçalves, Patrícia
name: Pereira, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) will measure charged cosmic ray spectra of elements up to iron, in the rigidity range from 1 GV to 1 TV, for at least three years. AMS is a large angular spectrometer composed of different subdetectors, including a proximity focusing Ring Imaging CHerenkov (RICH) detector. This will be equipped with a mixed radiator made of aerogel and sodium fluoride (NaF), a lateral conical mirror and a detection plane made of 680 photomultipliers coupled to light guides. The RICH detector allows measurements of particle's electric charge up to iron, and particle's velocity. Two possible methods for reconstructing the Cherenkov angle and the electric charge with the RICH will be discussed. A RICH prototype consisting of a detection matrix with 96 photomultipliers, a segment of a conical mirror and samples of the radiator materials was built and its performance was evaluated using ion beam data. Results from the last test beam performed with ion fragments resulting from the collision of a 158 GeV/c/nucleon primary beam of indium ions (CERN SPS) on a lead target are reported. The large amount of collected data allowed to test and characterize different aerogel samples and the NaF radiator. In addition, the reflectivity of the mirror was evaluated. The data analysis confirms the design goals.
description: 5 pages. Contribution to the 20th European Cosmic Ray Symposium in Lisbon, Portugal. September 5th-8th 2006. Presenter: Luisa Arruda
Evaluation of dynamic fracture toughness of a bonded bi-material interface subject to high-strain-rate shearing using digital image correlation
Creators: name: Kojima, Tomohisa
name: Kimura, Yuta
name: Arikawa, Shuichi
name: Notomi, Mitsuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-strain-rate shear tests were conducted on a three-layered bonded test piece comprising a central aluminum layer with PMMA resin layers bonded on both sides. Upon calculating the displacement field and the strain field using digital image correlation (DIC), the crack tip was located, and the fracture toughness was evaluated at the Aluminum/PMMA bonding interface. As a result of the DIC, it was possible to determine the process by which 1) the elastic stress wave propagated to the aluminum section, 2) the wave was transmitted to the PMMA section, and 3) the crack developed at the interface. The tip of the crack was identified using displacement distributions obtained using DIC. The fracture toughness of the interface was evaluated using the stress intensity factor. The true interfacial stress was calculated by correcting the strain value at the interface obtained using DIC. The distribution of the stress suggested that mode II fracture appears in the present test method when the crack is sufficiently shorter than the length of the bonding interface, and mode I and mode II fractures appear when the crack is longer in comparison. Although the value of the stress intensity factor was disturbed by the error of the DIC analysis, it was confirmed that the obtained values were similar regardless of the difference in the crack length, upon averaging the stress intensity factor values from the crack tips to the long-range with a ratio of 1 to the subset in DIC. As the obtained stress intensity factor value was similar to the values calculated in the related literature, it can be concluded that the method proposed in this study yields a reasonable stress intensity factor.
Dwarf Nova Oscillations and Quasi-Periodic Oscillations in Cataclysmic Variables, IV. Observations of Frequency Doubling and Tripling in VW Hyi
Creators: name: Warner, Brian
name: Woudt, Patrick A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new observations of the rapid oscillations in the dwarf nova VW Hyi, made late in outburst. These dwarf nova oscillations (DNOs) increase in period until they reach 33 s, when a transition to a strong 1st harmonic and weak fundamental takes place. After further period increase the 2nd harmonic appears; often all three components are present simultaneously. This 1:2:3 frequency suite is similar to what has been seen in some neutron star and black hole X-Ray binaries, but has not previously been seen in a cataclysmic variable. When studied in detail the fundamental and 2nd harmonic vary similarly in phase, but the 1st harmonic behaves independently, though keeping close to twice the frequency of the fundamental. The fundamental period of the DNOs, as directly observed or inferred from the harmonics, increases to ~100 s before the oscillation disappears as the star reaches quiescence. Its maximum period is close to that of the `longer period' DNOs observed in VW Hyi. The quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs), which have fundamental periods 400 -- 1000 s, behave in the same way, showing 1st and 2nd harmonics at approximately the same times as the DNOs. We explore some possible models. One in which the existence of the 1st harmonic is due to transition from viewing a single accretion region to viewing two regions, and the rate of accretion onto the primary is modulated at the frequency of the 1st harmonic, as in the `beat frequency model', can generate the suite of DNO frequencies observed. But the behaviour of the QPOs is not yet understood.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures; accepted for publication in MNRAS
On Multiple Schramm-Loewner Evolutions
Creators: name: Graham, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note we consider the ansatz for Multiple Schramm-Loewner Evolutions (SLEs) proposed by Bauer, Bernard and Kytola from a more probabilistic point of view. Here we show their ansatz is a consequence of conformal invariance, reparameterisation invariance and a notion of absolute continuity. In so doing we demonstrate that it is only consistent to grow multiple SLEs if their kappa parameters are related by kappa_i = kappa_j or kappa_i = 16 / kappa_j.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
Experiencia con micofenolato mofetil en el trasplante renal
Creators: name: Esteban-de-la-Rosa, Rafael-José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2001

description: Micofenolato mofetil es un inmunosupresor que se emplea en el trasplante renal y otros trasplantes sólidos. Actúa inhibiendo la enzima IMP deshidrogenasa, que bloquea la síntesis de novo de la purinas, necesaria para la activación linfocitaria que media el rechazo agudo. En este trabajo se presenta la experiencia en vida real de trasplantados renales con este tratamiento y su comparación con otros regímenes de inmunosupresión (P+CsA; y P+CsA+AZA), y el comportamiento de las subpoblaciones linfocitarias en sangre periférica. Asimismo, se señalan aspectos relacionados con la monitorización del TR.