title: ÐÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÐµÐ²Ð° Ð¸ ÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð² ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð·Ð¼Ðµ
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: Modeling of electron heating and acceleration of nonthermal electrons in space plasma
Creators: name: ÐÐ¿Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½, ÐÐ²Ð°Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2021
Subjects: ÐÐ»Ð°Ð·Ð¼Ð° (ÑÐ¸Ð·.) ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¼Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ
Ð±ÐµÑÑÑÐ¾Ð»ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ñ
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ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²
ÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²
ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ðº

description: Ð ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐµ Ð¸ÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ð± ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¸ ÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑ Te /Ti Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¸ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ Ð·Ð° ÑÑÐ¾Ð½ÑÐ¾Ð¼ Ð±ÐµÑÑÑÐ¾Ð»ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸ÑÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½. Ð Ð°ÑÑÐ¼Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ°Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐµÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑÑÐ¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð³Ð¸Ð´ÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ÐºÐ¸. Ð¡ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ particle-in-cell (PIC) ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¼ SMILEI Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÑÐµÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÐµÐ¼Ð¿ÐµÑÐ°ÑÑÑ Te /Ti Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¸Ð·Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ñ ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð¹ Ð² ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ðº, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ» ÐÐ°ÑÐ° Ms&lt;2, Ð² ÐºÐ¾ÑÐ¾ÑÐ¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¼Ð° Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÐµÐ²Ð° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð². ÐÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ð¿ÐµÑÐ¿ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð¸ÐºÑÐ»ÑÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð¸ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð»Ð»ÐµÐ»ÑÐ½ÑÑ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¾ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ½Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð±Ð°ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð½Ð°Ð³ÑÐµÐ²Ð° ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² Ð·Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð»ÐµÐºÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½ÑÑ ÑÑÑÐµÐºÑÐ¾Ð² Ð¿ÑÐ¸ Ms&gt;3. ÐÑÐ»Ð¾ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾ Ð² ÑÐ»Ð°Ð±ÑÑ ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ms&lt;3 Ð½Ðµ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð¸ÑÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐºÐ¾ÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð², ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ð¾Ð±ÑÐ°Ð·Ð¾Ð¼ ÑÑÐµÐ±ÑÐµÑÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾ÑÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¸ ÑÐ¸ÑÐµÐ» ÐÐ°ÑÐ° ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð»ÑÐ´Ð°ÐµÐ¼ÑÑ Ð² ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¸Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ðµ. ÐÐ¾Ð»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ ÑÐµÐ·ÑÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑ Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ð² ÑÐ´Ð°ÑÐ½ÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð½ Ð² ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð³Ð°Ð»Ð°ÐºÑÐ¸Ðº Ð¸Ð· Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð»ÑÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹, Ð° ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¶Ðµ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ¾ÑÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ»ÐµÐºÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¶Ð¸Ð´ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÐ¸ Ð² Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÑÐ¸Ð´Ð½ÑÑ PIC-ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ñ.
description: This thesis aims to investigate the established electron-ion temperature ratio Te/Ti in the downstream of collisionless shocks. By the means of fully kinetic particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations with SMILEI code, the Te /Ti ratio was obtained from the first principles. Both quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular shock geometries were considered. The results on the Te /Ti ratio also put constraints on the sonic Mach numbers M s&lt;2 where the two-fluid magnetohydrodynamic analytical model can be applied. Kinetic simulations for the physical conditions specific for the merging galaxy clusters have revealed substantial electron heating over the adiabatic prediction due to the collective effects. It was also shown that there is no effective electron acceleration in weak shocks with Mach numbers Ms&lt;3. This follows that the Mach numbers obtained for radio-relics can be underestimated. The results for the Te/Ti ratio can be applied to define the properties of cosmological shock waves in merging galaxy clusters. Another direct application is setting the temperature of electron fluid in hybrid PIC codes.