cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Corner-cube retro-reflector instrument for advanced lunar laser ranging
Creators: name: Turyshev, Slava G.
name: Williams, James G.
name: Folkner, William M.
name: Gutt, Gary M.
name: Baran, Richard T.
name: Hein, Randall C.
name: Somawardhana, Ruwan P.
name: Lipa, John A.
name: Wang, Suwen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lunar laser ranging (LLR) has made major contributions to our understanding of the Moon's internal structure and the dynamics of the Earth-Moon system. Because of the recent improvements of the ground-based laser ranging facilities, the present LLR measurement accuracy is limited by the retro-reflectors currently on the lunar surface, which are arrays of small corner-cubes. Because of lunar librations, the surfaces of these arrays do not, in general, point directly at the Earth. This effect results in a spread of arrival times, because each cube that comprises the retroreflector is at a slightly different distance from the Earth, leading to the reduced ranging accuracy. Thus, a single, wide aperture corner-cube could have a clear advantage. In addition, after nearly four decades of successful operations the retro-reflectors arrays currently on the Moon started to show performance degradation; as a result, they yield still useful, but much weaker return signals. Thus, fresh and bright instruments on the lunar surface are needed to continue precision LLR measurements. We have developed a new retro-reflector design to enable advanced LLR operations. It is based on a single, hollow corner cube with a large aperture for which preliminary thermal, mechanical, and optical design and analysis have been performed. The new instrument will be able to reach an Earth-Moon range precision of 1-mm in a single pulse while being subjected to significant thermal variations present on the lunar surface, and will have low mass to allow robotic deployment. Here we report on our design results and instrument development effort.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures, 5 tables
Design and evaluation of holistically sustainable mobility systems
Creators: name: Can, Baris
Publisher: name: Bergische Universität Wuppertal
Year: 2023

description: Der Verkehrssektor spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der Einhaltung der ehrgeizigen Klimaschutzziele desPariser Klimaabkommens und wird daher von den Regierungen hinsichtlich der CO2eq Emissionenstark reguliert. Aufgrund der daten- und rechenzeitintensiven Modelle hat sich die wissenschaftlicheArbeit in diesem Bereich bisher meist auf Teilaspekte des skizzierten Themas konzentriert. So wirddie Antriebsstrangauslegung und -optimierung meist für einzelne Fahrzeuge im Privatbesitz durchgeführt.In dieser Arbeit wird eine Methode zur ganzheitlichen Gestaltung und Bewertung von nachhaltigenMobilitätssystemen vorgestellt. Diese Methode kombiniert eine agentenbasierte Mobilitätssimulationmit den Ergebnissen einer Antriebssimulation, einer Lebenszyklusanalyse und einem Kostenmodellin einem multidisziplinären Ansatz. Mit Hilfe dieser Methode werden die CO2eq Emissionen,die Mobilitätskosten aus Kunden- und Investitionssicht sowie der Energiebedarf der Mobilität für eingesamtes Mobilitätssystem berechnet. In diesem Zusammenhang können auch Dekarbonisierungsstrategienmodelliert und analysiert werden. Mit der kombinierten Methodik ist es möglich, verschiedeneParameter des Mobilitätssystems in einer theoretischen Analyse zu optimieren, wie zum Beispieldas Antriebsportfolio. Die Beobachtungen zeigen, dass mit diesem Ansatz verschiedene Parameterdes Mobilitätssystems optimiert und Potenziale identifiziert werden können.
description: The transport sector plays an important role in meeting the ambitious climate change targets of theParis Climate Agreement and is therefore heavily regulated by governments in terms of CO2eq emissions.Due to the data and computational time intensive models, scientific work in this area has mostlyfocused on partial aspects of the outlined topic. For example, powertrain design and optimization ismostly performed for individual privately owned vehicles. In this thesis, a method for holistic designand evaluation of sustainable mobility systems is presented. This method combines an agent-basedmobility simulation with the results of a powertrain simulation, a life cycle analysis and a cost modelin a multidisciplinary approach. This method is used to calculate CO2eq emissions, mobility costs froma customer and investment perspective, and mobility energy demand for an entire mobility system. Inthis context, decarbonization strategies can also be modeled and analyzed. With the combined methodology,it is possible to optimize different parameters of the mobility system in a theoretical analysis,such as the powertrain portfolio. Observations show that this approach
Dynamical analysis of generalized Galileon cosmology
Creators: name: Leon, Genly
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a detailed dynamical analysis of generalized Galileon cosmology, incorporating also the requirements of ghost and instabilities absence. We find that there are not any new stable late-time solutions apart from those of standard quintessence. Furthermore, depending on the model parameters the Galileons may survive at late times or they may completely disappear by the dynamics, however the corresponding observables are always independent of the Galileon terms, determined only by the usual action terms. Thus, although the Galileons can play an important role at inflationary or at recent times, in the future, when the universe will asymptotically reach its stable state, they will not have any effect on its evolution.
description: 39 pages, 5 figures, version published in JCAP. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1202.3781
Histone modifications induced by MDV infection at early cytolytic and latency phases
Creators: name: Mitra, Apratim
name: Luo, Juan
name: He, Yanghua
name: Gu, Yulan
name: Zhang, Huanmin
name: Zhao, Keji
name: Cui, Kairong
name: Song, Jiuzhou
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: Growth Hormone Receptor
Chromatin Mark
Infected Bird
Control Bird
H3K27me3 Level

description: Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious, lymphomatous disease of chickens induced by a herpesvirus, Marek’s disease virus (MDV) that is the cause of major annual losses to the poultry industry. MD pathogenesis involves multiple stages including an early cytolytic phase and latency, and transitions between these stages are governed by several host and environmental factors. The success of vaccination strategies has led to the increased virulence of MDV and selective breeding of naturally resistant chickens is seen as a viable alternative. While multiple gene expression studies have been performed in resistant and susceptible populations, little is known about the epigenetic effects of infection. In this study, we investigated temporal chromatin signatures induced by MDV by analyzing early cytolytic and latent phases of infection in the bursa of Fabricius of MD-resistant and –susceptible birds. Major global variations in chromatin marks were observed at different stages of MD in the two lines. Differential H3K27me3 marks were associated with immune-related pathways, such as MAP kinase signaling, focal adhesion and neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, and suggested varying degrees of silencing in response to infection. Immune-related microRNAs, e.g. gga-miR-155 and gga-miR-10b, bore chromatin signatures, which suggested their contribution to MD-susceptibility. Finally, several members of the focal adhesion pathway, e.g. THBS4 and ITGA1, showed marked concordance between gene expression and chromatin marks indicating putative epigenetic regulation in response to MDV infection. Our comprehensive analysis of chromatin signatures, therefore, revealed further clues about the epigenetic effects of MDV infection although further studies are necessary to elucidate the functional implications of the observed variations in histone modifications.
X-inactivation informs variance-based testing for X-linked association of a quantitative trait
Creators: name: Ma, Li
name: Hoffman, Gabriel
name: Keinan, Alon
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: Quantitative Trait Locus
Weighted Test
Variance Heterogeneity
Quantitative Trait Locus Allele
Heterozygous Female

description: The X chromosome plays an important role in human diseases and traits. However, few X-linked associations have been reported in genome-wide association studies, partly due to analytical complications and low statistical power. In this study, we propose tests of X-linked association that capitalize on variance heterogeneity caused by various factors, predominantly the process of X-inactivation. In the presence of X-inactivation, the expression of one copy of the chromosome is randomly silenced. Due to the consequent elevated randomness of expressed variants, females that are heterozygotes for a quantitative trait locus might exhibit higher phenotypic variance for that trait. We propose three tests that build on this phenomenon: 1) A test for inflated variance in heterozygous females; 2) A weighted association test; and 3) A combined test. Test 1 captures the novel signal proposed herein by directly testing for higher phenotypic variance of heterozygous than homozygous females. As a test of variance it is generally less powerful than standard tests of association that consider means, which is supported by extensive simulations. Test 2 is similar to a standard association test in considering the phenotypic mean, but differs by accounting for (rather than testing) the variance heterogeneity. As expected in light of X-inactivation, this test is slightly more powerful than a standard association test. Finally, test 3 further improves power by combining the results of the first two tests. We applied the these tests to the ARIC cohort data and identified a novel X-linked association near gene AFF2 with blood pressure, which was not significant based on standard association testing of mean blood pressure. Variance-based tests examine overdispersion, thereby providing a complementary type of signal to a standard association test. Our results point to the potential to improve power of detecting X-linked associations in the presence of variance heterogeneity.
Wave dispersion under finite deformation
Creators: name: Abedinnasab, Mohammad H.
name: Hussein, Mahmoud I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive exact dispersion relations for axial and flexural elastic wave motion in a rod and a beam under finite deformation. For axial motion we consider a simple rod model, and for flexural motion we employ the Euler-Bernoulli kinematic hypothesis and consider both a conventional transverse motion model and an inextensional planar motion model. The underlying formulation uses the Cauchy stress and the Green-Lagrange strain. For all models, we consider linear constitutive relations in order to isolate the effect of finite motion. The proposed methodology, however, is applicable to problems that also exhibit material nonlinearity. For the rod model, we obtain the exact analytical explicit solution of the derived finite-deformation dispersion relation, and compare it with data obtained via numerical simulation of nonlinear wave motion in a finite rod. For the beam model, we obtain a solution by numerical root finding. The results allow us to quantify the deviation in the dispersion curves when exact large deformation is considered compared to following the assumption of infinitesimal deformation. We show that incorporation of finite deformation following the chosen definitions of stress and strain raises the frequency branches for both axial and flexural waves above the nominal values associated with linear motion. For the beam problem, only the inextensional planar motion model provides an accurate description of the finite-deformation response for both static deflection and wave dispersion. Our findings, which represent the first derivation of finite-strain, amplitude-dependent dispersion relations for any type of elastic media, draw attention to 1) the tangible effect of finite deformation on wave dispersion and consequently on the speed of sound in an elastic medium and 2) the importance of incorporating longitudinal-transverse motion coupling in nonlinear analysis of thin structures.
description: Accepted for publication in Wave Motion
Hepatitis B screening among Chinese Americans: a structural equation modeling analysis
Creators: name: Ma, Grace X
name: Zhang, Guo Yolanda
name: Zhai, Shumenghui
name: Ma, Xiang
name: Tan, Yin
name: Shive, Steven E
name: Wang, Min Qi
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: HBV
Hepatitis B
HBV screening
Chinese
Health care access

description: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) disproportionately affects new immigrants from endemic regions such as China. Untreated infections increase health risks for liver diseases including cancer. Yet most of those infected are unaware of their disease limiting prevention and early treatment options. The purpose of this community based study was to evaluate a heuristic model identifying factors contributing to Hepatitis B (HBV) screening among Chinese Americans. A cross-sectional design included a sample of 924 Chinese men and women 18 years of age and older of which 718 had complete data for final analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis verified conceptual indicators including access/satisfaction with health care and enabling, predisposing, cultural, and health belief factors. Structural equation modeling was used to identify direct and indirect predictors of Hepatitis B screening. Bivariate analysis revealed that Chinese respondents who were never screened for HBV were significantly more likely to be below age 40 (69.8%), male (69.2%), had less than a high school education (76.4%), with less than 6 years living in the US (72.8%) and had no health insurance (79.2%). The final model identified enabling factors (having health insurance, a primary health care provider to go to when sick and more frequent visits to a doctor in the last year) as the strongest predictor of HBV screening (coefficient = 0.470, t = 7.618, p
Data for: Saturation of ocean surface wave slopes observed during hurricanes
Creators: name: Davis, Jacob
name: Thomson, Jim
name: Houghton, Isabel
name: Doyle, James
name: Komaromi, Will
name: Moskaitis, Jon
name: Fairall, Chris
name: Thompson, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: wave buoy
Hurricanes
Ocean waves

description: Observational wave data and modeled wind data to accompany the article "Saturation of ocean surface wave slopes observed during hurricanes," which is currently in revision for publication in Geophysical Research Letters (a preprint is attached as a supplement). The observations include targeted aerial deployments into Hurricane Ian (2022) and opportunistic measurements from the free-drifting Sofar Ocean Spotter global network in Hurricane Fiona (2022). Surface wind speeds are modeled using the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System for Tropical Cyclones (COAMPS-TC). The datasets are table-like and include the following: 1) hourly records of surface wave statistics in the form of scalar energy spectra, directional moments, derived products (including mean square slope), and modeled wind speeds; 2) data to reproduce the binned mean square slopes and model wind speeds presented in the article; 3) data to reproduce the mean energy density versus wind speed plot; and 4) data to reproduce the mean energy density versus wave age plot.
description: The datasets are stored as text-based JSON and CSV files which can be read without the use of special software. The JSON files are created using the Python Pandas package `DataFrame.to_json` method with orient='records'. Example code is provided in MATLAB and Python.Funding provided by: U.S. National Ocean Partnership Program*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number: Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: DGE-2140004
description: This dataset contains wave measurements collected by free-drifting Spotter buoys (Sofar Ocean) which use GPS-derived motions to report hourly records of surface wave statistics in the form of scalar energy spectra and directional moments. The observational data are combined with modeled surface wind speeds from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory's Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Mesoscale Prediction System for Tropical Cyclones (COAMPS-TC) which are interpolated onto the Spotter wave observations in time and space.
Phase Diagram and High Temperature Superconductivity at 65 K in Tuning Carrier Concentration of Single-Layer FeSe Films
Creators: name: He, Shaolong
name: He, Junfeng
name: Zhang, Wenhao
name: Zhao, Lin
name: Liu, Defa
name: Liu, Xu
name: Mou, Daixiang
name: Ou, Yun-Bo
name: Wang, Qing-Yan
name: Li, Zhi
name: Wang, Lili
name: Peng, Yingying
name: Liu, Yan
name: Chen, Chaoyu
name: Yu, Li
name: Liu, Guodong
name: Dong, Xiaoli
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Chen, Chuangtian
name: Xu, Zuyan
name: Chen, Xi
name: Ma, Xucun
name: Xue, Qikun
name: Zhou, X. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity in the cuprate superconductors and the Fe-based superconductors is realized by doping the parent compound with charge carriers, or by application of high pressure, to suppress the antiferromagnetic state. Such a rich phase diagram is important in understanding superconductivity mechanism and other physics in the Cu- and Fe-based high temperature superconductors. In this paper, we report a phase diagram in the single-layer FeSe films grown on SrTiO3 substrate by an annealing procedure to tune the charge carrier concentration over a wide range. A dramatic change of the band structure and Fermi surface is observed, with two distinct phases identified that are competing during the annealing process. Superconductivity with a record high transition temperature (Tc) at ~65 K is realized by optimizing the annealing process. The wide tunability of the system across different phases, and its high-Tc, make the single-layer FeSe film ideal not only to investigate the superconductivity physics and mechanism, but also to study novel quantum phenomena and for potential applications.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures
Raising Awareness on Geopolitics Concerning the Russia-Ukraine Conflict Through Serious Games
Creators: name: Risheetha
name: , Bradley
name: , Aiden
name: Seonho
name: , Jean
name: Purnima
name: , Sang
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: The popularization of integrating game mechanics and ‘gamifying’ routine processes introduces a genre of games that deviate away from entertainment and towards education: serious games. We took inspiration from largely relevant current issues- the new Cold War and the Russia-Ukraine War- to develop The Cold Front, a serious game that simulates rising tensions between countries decreases desensitization of war and encourages critical decision-making. Our goal was to demonstrate the contributions games can make in the military and political sectors, such as strengthening anti-war ideologies. To develop The Cold Front, we utilized Unity, a cross-platform game engine, to create a 2.5-dimensional game of a fictional world in the midst of raging geopolitical tensions. The game progresses through a series of events with the main objective of keeping tension under a certain threshold (measured by a ‘tension bar’). Regardless of the success or failure in preventing a world war or nuclear warfare, The Cold Front shows that war has no winner. The Cold Front’s ability to relay its message will be tested by having a sample group take a survey before and after playing the game. The implications of a significant increase in support of war prevention would prove the effectiveness of games as a means for raising awareness on serious topics.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Effect of nicotinamide mononucleotide on brain mitochondrial respiratory deficits in an Alzheimer’s disease-relevant murine model
Creators: name: Long, Aaron N
name: Owens, Katrina
name: Schlappal, Anna E
name: Kristian, Tibor
name: Fishman, Paul S
name: Schuh, Rosemary A
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: Alzheimer’s disease
Mitochondria
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
Nicotinamide mononucleotide
Neurodegeneration

description: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), with morphological and functional abnormalities limiting the electron transport chain and ATP production. A contributing factor of mitochondrial abnormalities is loss of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), an important cofactor in multiple metabolic reactions. Depletion of mitochondrial and consequently cellular NAD(H) levels by activated NAD glycohydrolases then culminates in bioenergetic failure and cell death. De Novo NAD+ synthesis from tryptophan requires a multi-step enzymatic reaction. Thus, an alternative strategy to maintain cellular NAD+ levels is to administer NAD+ precursors facilitating generation via a salvage pathway. We administered nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), an NAD+ precursor to APP(swe)/PS1(ΔE9) double transgenic (AD-Tg) mice to assess amelioration of mitochondrial respiratory deficits. In addition to mitochondrial respiratory function, we examined levels of full-length mutant APP, NAD+-dependent substrates (SIRT1 and CD38) in homogenates and fission/fusion proteins (DRP1, OPA1 and MFN2) in mitochondria isolated from brain. To examine changes in mitochondrial morphology, bigenic mice possessing a fluorescent protein targeted to neuronal mitochondria (CaMK2a-mito/eYFP), were administered NMN. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates were examined in N2A neuroblastoma cells and non-synaptic brain mitochondria isolated from mice (3 months). Western blotting was utilized to assess APP, SIRT1, CD38, DRP1, OPA1 and MFN2 in brain of transgenic and non-transgenic mice (3–12 months). Mitochondrial morphology was assessed with confocal microscopy. One-way or two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Holm-Sidak method were used for statistical analyses of data. Student t-test was used for direct comparison of two groups. We now demonstrate that mitochondrial respiratory function was restored in NMN-treated AD-Tg mice. Levels of SIRT1 and CD38 change with age and NMN treatment. Furthermore, we found a shift in dynamics from fission to fusion proteins in the NMN-treated mice. This is the first study to directly examine amelioration of NAD+ catabolism and changes in mitochondrial morphological dynamics in brain utilizing the immediate precursor NMN as a potential therapeutic compound. This might lead to well-defined physiologic abnormalities that can serve an important role in the validation of promising agents such as NMN that target NAD+ catabolism preserving mitochondrial function.
Synthesis of High-Performance Laser-Induced Graphene Microsupercapacitors from Polyimide Films
Creators: name: Tarini
name: Gu, Linda
name: Pilyu
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Rapid advancements in the field of microelectronics coupled with the inefficiency of micro batteries has led to the growing need for new rechargeable micropower sources. Carbon-based micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are miniaturized energy-storage devices that have proven to be promising due to their superior power density, fast charge/discharge rates, and long cycling life; however, the lack of cost-effective synthesis and patterning mechanisms of carbon nanomaterials into MSCs poses a major challenge for their production. Here, we present a one-step approach for producing graphene from polymer films using an infrared laser (LIG). The photothermal energy of the laser converts sp3 carbon atoms in polyimide films to the sp2 carbon atoms in graphene. One measure of MSC performance is specific areal capacitance, which refers to the charge-storage ability of the device per unit area. In 1M H2SO4, the LIG-MSCs exhibited a specific areal capacitance of up to 0.48 mF/cm2 (determined by cyclic voltammetry), which is lower than other LIG-MSCs, but comparable to electrodeposited graphene-based MSCs. The performance of these devices may be improved by using polymers with different functional groups or nanostructures which could increase the specific surface area of LIG-MSC electrodes and may therefore increase the specific areal capacitance.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Towards ML-driven Snow Water Equivalence Prediction
Creators: name: Nikil
name: , Hailey
name: Praneeth
name: , Brian
name: Rithvik
name: Ziheng
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: With recent trends in climate change, access to water derived from snowpack runoff is decreasing, affecting the millions of people whose livelihoods depend on it. While scientists often have historical Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) data, it is neither easy to estimate for the casual observer, nor is it accessible. We look to solve this through ML-driven SWE predictions, which can be accessed by users for free using a mobile app. By applying real-time climate data pulled from climate monitoring satellite projects such as Sentinel-1 and 2, MODIS, and gridMET, and ground-based measurements via historical SNOTEL data, we developed a dataset for Machine Learning model development. We implemented multiple Machine Learning models such as Random Forest and XGBoost, along with several deep learning algorithms such as GhostNet, LSTM, and GRU. These models were built to predict SWE at any given location, which had varying degrees of success. We found that XGBoost performed the best, achieving a mean squared error of 2.886 and an r^2 of 0.981. Our GRU model performed second-best with a mean squared error of 6.989 training over 200 epochs. Random forest performed significantly worse with a mean squared error of 45.583 and an r^2 of 0.698. In addition, we created numerous station-specific LSTM models that used solely historical SWE data to predict future SWE in order to reduce processing times on the mobile app. These models were significantly quicker given the lack of a need to collect real-time data from numerous sources, cutting down on the waiting time for mobile users. We then use our Flask server to deploy our models into service, providing accurate, real-time predictions of snow water equivalent.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Use of recycled construction and materials in geotechnical applications
Creators: name: aldameesh, ahmad
name: ÇABALAR, ALİ FIRAT
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Civil geotechnical engineering

description: Following the Industrial Revolution, factors like rapid population growth, economic development, mismanagement of natural resources and a lack of environmental awareness made waste management an important societal issue. Today, problems arising from the accumulation of industrial and urban waste have taken on great social and environmental significance. The large volumes of waste generated by industries and cities have caused concerns about potential impacts on human health, natural ecosystems and resource availability. inadequate waste management strategies in the past, coupled with industrialization and urbanization, have led to significant waste issues that threaten both society and the environment. The efficient use of natural resources and mitigating environmental impacts from resource extraction are important parts of sustainable development for today's societies. A more effective management and recycling of construction and demolition waste could help achieve this through better policies. Reusing waste from the construction industry through valorization is needed to move toward sustainability. This paper reviews studies on valorizing construction and demolition materials for geotechnical engineering applications, focusing on using them as recycled aggregates in road bases and as fill for geosynthetic reinforced structures. Specifications for using these materials in such projects are also summarized. The aim of this review is to promote the use of recycled construction and demolition materials, showing that research worldwide has demonstrated their good performance in general. This illustrates how reusing these materials can be part of the responsible use of natural resources called for in sustainable development.
Singularities of the Casimir Energy for Quantum Field Theories with Lifshitz Dimensions
Creators: name: Oikonomou, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the singularities that the Casimir energy of a scalar field in spacetimes with Lifshitz dimensions exhibits, and provide expressions of the energy in terms of multidimensional zeta functions for the massless case. Using the zeta-regularization method, we found that when the 4-dimensional spacetime has Lifshitz dimensions, then for specific values of the critical exponents, the Casimir energy is singular, in contrast to the non-Lifshitz case. Particularly we found that when the value of the critical exponent is $z=2$, the Casimir energy is singular, while for $z\geq 3$ the Casimir energy is regular. In addition, when flat extra dimensions are considered, the critical exponents of the Lifshitz dimensions affect drastically the Casimir energy, introducing singularities that are absent in the non-Lifshitz case. We also discuss the Casimir energy in the context of braneworld models and the perspective of Lifshitz dimensions in such framework.
description: Major Revision, Similar to Journal Version
NPC1L1 knockout protects against colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice
Creators: name: He, Jianming
name: Shin, Hyunsu
name: Wei, Xing
name: Kadegowda, Anil Kumar G
name: Chen, Rui
name: Xie, Sandy Krystal
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: NPC1L1
Colorectal cancer
Tumorigenesis
Cholesterol
β-catenin
p53

description: Colorectal cancer is strongly associated with lipid metabolism. NPC1L1, a sterol transporter, plays a key role in modulating lipid homeostasis in vivo. Its inhibitor, ezetimibe, began to be used clinically to lower cholesterol and this caused the great debate on its role in causing carcinogenesis. Here we explored the role of NPC1L1 in colorectal tumorigenesis. Wild-type mice and NPC1L1−/− (NPC1L1 knockout) mice were treated with azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to induce colitis-associated colorectal tumorigenesis. Mice were sacrificed 10, 15, 18 or 20 weeks after AOM treatment, respectively. Colorectal tumors were counted and analyzed. Plasma lipid concentrations were measured using enzymatic reagent kit. Protein expression level was assayed by western blot. NPC1L1−/− mice significantly had fewer tumors than wild-type. The ratio of malignant/tumor in NPC1L1−/− mice was significantly lower than in wild-type 20 weeks after AOM-DSS treatment. NPC1L1 was highly expressed in the small intestine of wild-type mice but its expression was undetectable in colorectal mucous membranes or tumors in either group. NPC1L1 knockout decreased plasma total cholesterol and phospholipid. NPC1L1−/− mice had significant lower intestinal inflammation scores and expressed inflammatory markers p-c-Jun, p-ERK and Caspase-1 p20 lower than wild-type. NPC1L1 knockout also reduced lymphadenectasis what may be caused by inflammation. NPC1L1 knockout in mice decreased β-catenin in tumors and regulated TGF-β and p-gp in adjacent colons or tumors. There was not detectable change of p53 by NPC1L1 knockout. Our results provide the first evidence that NPC1L1 knockout protects against colitis-associated tumorigenesis. NPC1L1 knockout decreasing plasma lipid, especially cholesterol, to reduce inflammation and decreasing β-catenin, p-c-Jun and p-ERK may be involved in the mechanism.
ACUPUNTURA PARA TRATAMENTO DE SÍNDROME DE CAUDA EQUINA EM FELINOS
Creators: name: Fernando José Garlini
name: Jelson Soares Chioro
name: Igor Rossow Vidal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: A cauda equina é constituída pelas ligações nervosas que vem do canal vertebral, especificamente L6, L7 e vertebras sacrais. A lesão nessa região é denominada síndrome de cauda equina e se difere de qualquer outra afecção encontrada em partes diferentes da medula espinhal, pois sua anatomia é peculiar, acometendo normalmente cães de grande porte, sendo muito rara em felinos. Os sinais possuem vários graus de gravidade e podem causar afecções secundárias, afetando desde membros pélvicos, bexiga, esfíncter anal e a cauda até paralisia completa dos membros pélvicos e incapacidade de evacuação do animal. A laminectomia é descrita em diversos trabalhos como tratamento mais indicado, porém não se pode descartar as terapias integrativas como um tratamento conservativo, acompanhados ou não de AINEs e corticoides. A terapia integrativa como a acupuntura associada a ozonioterapia obteve em vários trabalhos, bons resultados sem colaterais no paciente, que recuperou sua propriocepção sem intervenção cirúrgica. O objetivo primário deste trabalho é destacar a eficácia do tratamento conservativo com uso da acupuntura associada a ozonioterapia na síndrome da cauda equina em felino.
description: The tail equina is made up of the nerve connections that come from the spinal canal, specifically L6, L7 and sacral vertebrae. The lesion in this region is called cauda equina syndrome and differs from any other condition found in different parts of the spinal cord, as its anatomy is peculiar, normally affecting large dogs, being very rare in felines. The signs have varying degrees of severity and can cause secondary conditions, affecting everything from the pelvic limbs, bladder, anal sphincter and tail to complete paralysis of the pelvic limbs and the animal's inability to evacuate. Laminectomy is described in several studies as the most recommended treatment, but integrative therapies cannot be ruled out as a conservative treatment, whether or not accompanied by NSAIDs and corticosteroids. In several studies, integrative therapy such as acupuncture associated with ozone therapy has obtained good results without collaterals in the patient, who recovered his proprioception without surgical intervention. The primary objective of this work is to highlight the effectiveness of conservative treatment using acupuncture associated with ozone therapy in cauda equina syndrome in felines.
Integrability of reductions of the discrete KdV and potential KdV equations
Creators: name: Hone, A. N. W.
name: van der Kamp, P. H.
name: Quispel, G. R. W.
name: Tran, D. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the integrability of mappings obtained as reductions of the discrete Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation and of two copies of the discrete potential Korteweg-de Vries equation (pKdV). We show that the mappings corresponding to the discrete KdV equation, which can be derived from the latter, are completely integrable in the Liouville-Arnold sense. The mappings associated with two copies of the pKdV equation are also shown to be integrable.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure
Identifying Wildland Fire Risks in California Using Machine Learning and Multi-Source Observation Data
Creators: name: , Emily
name: Xianjun
name: , John
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Climate change has become an urgent issue, posing a severe threat to the ecosystem, public health, and general safety. Wildfires in the state of California are responsible for damages ranging anywhere from a few hundred to hundreds of thousands of acres of burned land. The onset of wildfires near residential areas poses an enormous risk to residents. Better understanding of wildfire patterns and risks are crucial for improved safety precautions and awareness. This study exploits machine learning technology to identify fire risks in California with integrated data from multiple sources, including satellite remote sensing, ground observations, modeling and reanalysis. The Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS) Fire Occurrence Dataset, the NASA MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) products, the United States Drought Monitor (USDM) drought index, and temperature and precipitation data from NOAA NCEI, are preprocessed and aggregated to the county level. Then, five variables, including monthly air temperature, monthly air temperature anomaly, drought index, vegetation index, and monthly precipitation, are used to train a neural network model with 4 layers, using a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function and a softmax output activation function. Both training and validation demonstrate good accuracy in fire risk assessment, 73.11% in training, and 73.65% in testing. Further analysis and examination show temperature as the most influential component among the variables selected, followed closely by precipitation. This investigation provides potential approaches to improve wildland fire prediction in the state of California.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Inflation as an attractor in scalar cosmology
Creators: name: Kim, Hyeong-Chan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study an inflation mechanism based on attractor properties in cosmological evolutions of a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker spacetime based on the Einstein-scalar field theory. We find a new way to get the Hamilton-Jacobi equation solving the field equations. The equation relates a solution `generating function' with the scalar potential. We analyze its stability and find a later time attractor which describes a Universe approaching to an eternal-de Sitter inflation driven by the potential energy, $V_0>0$. The attractor exists when the potential is regular and does not have a linear and quadratic terms of the field. When the potential has a mass term, the attractor exists if the scalar field is in a symmetric phase and is weakly coupled, $λ<9V_0/16$. We also find that the attractor property is intact under small modifications of the potential. If the scalar field has a positive mass-squared or is strongly coupled, there exists a quasi-attractor. However, the quasi-attractor property disappears if the potential is modified. On the whole, the appearance of the eternal inflation is not rare in scalar cosmology in the presence of an attractor.
description: major corrections, 13 pages, 1 figure, add references
The nature of the electronic band gap in lanthanide oxides
Creators: name: Gillen, Roland
name: Clark, Stewart J.
name: Robertson, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate electronic structures of the technologically important lanthanide/rare earth sesquioxides (Ln2O3, with Ln=La,...,Lu) and CeO2 have been calculated using hybrid density functionals HSE03, HSE06 and screened-exchange (sX-LDA). We find that these density functional methods describe the strongly correlated Ln f-electrons as well as the recent G0W0@LDA+U results, generally yielding the correct band gaps and trends across the Ln-period. For HSE, the band gap between O 2p states and lanthanide 5d states is nearly independent of the lanthanide, while the minimum gap varies as filled or empty Ln 4f states come into this gap. sX-LDA predicts the unoccupied 4f levels at higher energies, which leads to a better agreement with experiments for Sm2O3, Eu2O3 and Yb2O3.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Exploring Income and Wealth Distributions using Agent-Based Modelling: How does Taxation Impact Economic Inequality?
Creators: name: , Achraf
name: , William
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Agent-Based Modeling is a rapidly growing field with numerous economic applications, mainly due to its ability to create heterogeneous populations and grow collective structures from the bottom-up, a contrast to mainstream mathematical economics models. “Sugarscape” is one of the most famous agent-based models — theorized by Joshua M. Epstein and Robert Axtell in their book “Growing Artificial Societies”, the model features a 51x51 grid where heterogeneous agents with varying visions and metabolisms move around in hopes of obtaining the most “sugar”. This research attempts to build on the Sugarscape 3 Wealth Distribution model in the Netlogo Models Library, by adding new components to the original model such as taxation, lending with interest rates, trade, and reproduction, studying their impacts on wealth and income inequality within the distribution as well as their general prosperity. This research finds that a flat wealth tax of about 15% is optimal for maximizing marginal tax revenue, and also finds an appropriately linear association between the flat wealth tax rate and the Gini index. Furthermore, the development of four distinct social classes of lenders, borrowers, lenders & borrowers, and agents who are neither is observed after the addition of lending with interest. Limitations of the model include a small carrying capacity which makes validation of the model with real-world data difficult. This research could be expanded on by examining how adding a wage labor system with collective bargaining or different methods of resource replenishment affects inequality.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Balaenoptera borealis Lesson 1828
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Balaenopteridae
Balaenoptera
Balaenoptera borealis

description: Balaenoptera borealis Lesson, 1828. Compl. Oeuvres Buffon Hist. Nat., 1:342. TYPE LOCALITY: Germany (BRD), Schleswig-Holstein, Lubeck Bay, near Gromitz. DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, subtropical to subarctic waters. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix I and U.S. ESA - Endangered. ISIS NUMBER: 5301411007001002001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Cetacea, pp. 290-304 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 302, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352983
Unique Decoding of General AG Codes
Creators: name: Lee, Kwankyu
name: Bras-Amorós, Maria
name: O'Sullivan, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 94B35

description: A unique decoding algorithm for general AG codes, namely multipoint evaluation codes on algebraic curves, is presented. It is a natural generalization of the previous decoding algorithm which was only for one-point AG codes. As such, it retains the same advantages of fast speed and regular structure with the previous algorithm. Compared with other known decoding algorithms for general AG codes, it is much simpler in its description and implementation.
description: 11 pages,submitted to the IEEE Transactions on Information Theory; added a citation in the section III-C
Heisenberg antiferromagnet on Cayley trees: low-energy spectrum and even/odd site imbalance
Creators: name: Changlani, Hitesh J.
name: Ghosh, Shivam
name: Henley, Christopher L.
name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the role of local sublattice imbalance in low-energy spectra of s=1/2 quantum antiferromagnets, we study the s=1/2 quantum nearest neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the coordination 3 Cayley tree. We perform many-body calculations using an implementation of the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) technique for generic tree graphs. We discover that the bond-centered Cayley tree has a quasidegenerate set of a low-lying tower of states and an "anomalous" singlet-triplet finite-size gap scaling. For understanding the construction of the first excited state from the many-body ground state, we consider a wave function ansatz given by the single-mode approximation, which yields a high overlap with the DMRG wave function. Observing the ground-state entanglement spectrum leads us to a picture of the low-energy degrees of freedom being "giant spins" arising out of sublattice imbalance, which helps us analytically understand the scaling of the finite-size spin gap. The Schwinger-boson mean-field theory has been generalized to nonuniform lattices, and ground states have been found which are spatially inhomogeneous in the mean-field parameters.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, 6 tables. Changes made to manuscript after referee suggestions: parts reorganized, clarified discussion on Fibonacci tree, typos corrected
Flocking with Only Two Parameters
Creators: name: Dashiell
name: Willliam
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: The boids flocking model, an agent-based model simulating bird flocking behavior, relies on four parameters: the rates of alignment, separation, cohesion, and the vision radius of the birds. Only certain combinations of these parameters result in the birds flocking together. Reliance upon fewer parameters would result in a more efficient and faster modeling process along with clarifying the concepts behind the model's behavior. It was hypothesized that separation and cohesion could be combined into a single parameter and the vision radius removed without affecting the resulting behavior. To test this hypothesis, these simplified models were created, run, and the result of every combination of parameters was distilled to a set of numeric metrics. It was shown that a simplified model combining cohesion and separation to their ratio, termed friendliness, as well as fixing vision radius, was able to result in a functionally equivalent model, demonstrating that the two-parameter model is a successful substitute for the original four-parameter one.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)