cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Controlling the dynamics of a bidimensional gel above and below its percolation transition
Creators: name: Orsi, D.
name: Ruta, B.
name: Chushkin, Y.
name: Pucci, A.
name: Ruggeri, G.
name: Baldi, G.
name: Rimoldi, T.
name: Cristofolini, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The morphology and the microscopic internal dynamics of a bidimensional gel formed by spontaneous aggregation of gold nanoparticles confined at the water surface are investigated by a suite of techniques, including grazing-incidence x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (GI-XPCS). The range of concentrations studied spans across the percolation transition for the formation of the gel. The dynamical features observed by GI-XPCS are interpreted in view of the results of microscopical imaging; an intrinsic link between the mechanical modulus and internal dynamics is demonstrated for all the concentrations. Our work presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first example of a transition from stretched to compressed correlation function actively controlled by quasistatically varying the relevant thermodynamic variable. Moreover, by applying a model proposed time ago by Duri and Cipelletti [A. Duri and L. Cipelletti, Europhys. Lett. 76, 972 (2006)] we are able to build a novel master curve for the shape parameter, whose scaling factor allows us to quantify a 'long time displacement length'. This characteristic length is shown to converge, as the concentration is increased, to the 'short time localization length' determined by pseudo Debye-Waller analysis of the initial contrast. Finally, the intrinsic dynamics of the system are then compared with that induced by means of a delicate mechanical perturbation applied to the interface.
Avian photoreceptor patterns represent a disordered hyperuniform solution to a multiscale packing problem
Creators: name: Jiao, Yang
name: Lau, Timothy
name: Hatzikirou, Haralampos
name: Meyer-Hermann, Michael
name: Corbo, Joseph C.
name: Torquato, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimal spatial sampling of light rigorously requires that identical photoreceptors be arranged in perfectly regular arrays in two dimensions. Examples of such perfect arrays in nature include the compound eyes of insects and the nearly crystalline photoreceptor patterns of some fish and reptiles. Birds are highly visual animals with five different cone photoreceptor subtypes, yet their photoreceptor patterns are not perfectly regular. By analyzing the chicken cone photoreceptor system consisting of five different cell types using a variety of sensitive microstructural descriptors, we find that the disordered photoreceptor patterns are ``hyperuniform'' (exhibiting vanishing infinite-wavelength density fluctuations), a property that had heretofore been identified in a unique subset of physical systems, but had never been observed in any living organism. Remarkably, the photoreceptor patterns of both the total population and the individual cell types are simultaneously hyperuniform. We term such patterns ``multi-hyperuniform'' because multiple distinct subsets of the overall point pattern are themselves hyperuniform. We have devised a unique multiscale cell packing model in two dimensions that suggests that photoreceptor types interact with both short- and long-ranged repulsive forces and that the resultant competition between the types gives rise to the aforementioned singular spatial features characterizing the system, including multi-hyperuniformity.
description: 31 pages, 12 figures
Approach to equilibrium in weakly coupled nonabelian plasmas
Creators: name: Kurkela, Aleksi
name: Lu, Egang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We follow the time evolution of nonabelian gauge bosons from far-from-equilibrium initial conditions to thermal equilibrium by numerically solving an effective kinetic equation that becomes accurate in the weak coupling limit. We consider initial conditions that are either highly overoccupied or underoccupied. We find that overoccupied systems thermalize through a turbulent cascade reaching equilibrium in multiples of a thermalization time $t\approx 72./ (1-0.12\log λ)/λ^2 T$, whereas underoccupied systems undergo a "bottom-up" thermalization in a time $t\approx (34. +21. \ln(Q/T))/ (1-0.037\log λ)(Q/T)^{1/2}/λ^2 T$, where $Q$ is the characteristic momentum scale of the initial condition. We apply this result to model initial stages of heavy-ion collisions and find rapid thermalization roughly in a time $Qt \lesssim 10$ or $t\lesssim 1$ fm/c.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Single and double changes of Entanglement
Creators: name: Metwally, Nasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement behavior for different classes of two qubit systems passing through a generalized amplitude damping channel is discussed. The phenomena of sudden single, double changes and the sudden death of entanglement are reported for correlated and non- correlated noise. It is shown that, for less entangled states, these phenomena appear for small values of channel strength. The effect of the channel can be frozen for these classes as one increases the channel strength. Maximum entangled states are more fragile than partial entangled states, where the entanglement decays very fast. However, one can not freeze the effect of the noise channel for systems initially prepared in maximum entangled states. The decay rate of entanglement for systems affected by non-correlated noise is much larger than that affected by correlated noise.
Distribution of electrons and holes in cuprate superconductors as determined from $^{17}$O and $^{63}$Cu nuclear magnetic resonance
Creators: name: Jurkutat, Michael
name: Rybicki, Damian
name: Sushkov, Oleg P.
name: Williams, Grant V. M.
name: Erb, Andreas
name: Haase, Jürgen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of electrons and holes in the CuO$_2$ plane of the high-temperature superconducting cuprates is determined with nuclear magnetic resonance through the quadrupole splittings of $^{17}$O and $^{63}$Cu. Based on new data for single crystals of electron-doped Pr$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_4$(x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15) as well as Nd$_{2-x}$Ce$_x$CuO$_4$ (x=0, 0.13) the changes in hole contents $n_d$ of Cu 3d$(x^2-y^2)$ and $n_p$ of O 2$p_σ$ orbitals are determined and they account for the stoichiometrically doped charges, similar to hole-doped \lsco. It emerges that while $n_d+2n_p=1$ in all parent materials as expected, $n_d$ and $n_p$ vary substantially between different groups of materials. Doping holes increases predominantly $n_p$, but also $n_d$. To the contrary, doping electrons predominantly decreases $n_d$ and only slightly $n_p$. However, $n_p$ for the electron doped systems is higher than that in hole doped La$_{1.85}$Sr$_{0.15}$CuO$_4$. Cuprates with the highest maximum $T_{\rm c}$s appear to have a comparably low $n_d$ while, at the same time, $n_p$ is very high. The rather high oxygen hole content of the Pr$_2$CuO$_4$ and Nd$_2$CuO$_4$ with the low $n_d$ seems to make them ideal candidates for hole doping to obtain the highest $T_{\rm c}$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Reasonable conditions for joint probabilities of non-commuting observables
Creators: name: Hofmann, Holger F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the operator formalism of quantum mechanics, the density operator describes the complete statistics of a quantum state in terms of d^2 independent elements, where d is the number of possible outcomes for a precise measurement of an observable. In principle, it is therefore possible to express the density operator by a joint probability of two observables that cannot actually be measured jointly because they do not have any common eigenstates. However, such joint probabilities do not refer to an actual measurement outcome, so their definition cannot be based on a set of possible events. Here, I consider the criteria that could specify a unique mathematical form of joint probabilities in the quantum formalism. It is shown that a reasonable set of conditions results in the definition of joint probabilities by ordered products of the corresponding projection operators. It is pointed out that this joint probability corresponds to the quasi probabilities that have recently been observed experimentally in weak measurements.
description: 5 pages, no figures
Large Fermi energy modulation in graphene transistors with high-pressure O2-annealed Y2O3 topgate insulators
Creators: name: Kanayama, Kaoru
name: Nagashio, Kosuke
name: Nishimura, Tomonori
name: Toriumi, Akira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a considerable suppression of the low-field leakage through a Y2O3 topgate insulator on graphene by applying high-pressure O2 at 100 atm during post-deposition annealing (HP-PDA). Consequently, the quantum capacitance measurement for the monolayer graphene reveals the largest Fermi energy modulation (EF = ~0.52 eV, i.e., the carrier density of ~2*10^13 cm^-2) in the solid-state topgate insulators reported so far. HP-PDA is the robust method to improve the electrical quality of high-k insulators on graphene.
description: will appear in APL
Core Defense Hotspots within Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a consistent and rich source of anti-phage defense systems
Creators: name: Johnson, Matthew
name: Laderman, Eric
name: Huiting, Erin
name: Zhang, Charles
name: Davidson, Alan
name: Bondy-Denomy, Joseph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Sequence files cDHS1 and cDHS2 as well as internal code used for finding systems.
Semi-analytic forecasts for galaxy formation and cosmic reionization in the ultrahigh-redshift universe
Creators: name: Yung, Long Yan Aaron
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Concerning the early evolution history of our universe and distant galaxies that are expected to be uncovered with future telescopes, we present a collection of comprehensive, physically-backed forecasts for galaxy populations across cosmic time and their interaction with the cosmic environment. Our predictions cover galaxies spanning a remarkably wide range of mass and redshift, for which we provide a large variety of physical and observable properties, and from which we derive the production rate of energetic photons and the subsequent reionization history. These pre-eminent results are achieved with a custom-built modelling pipeline based on the versatile Santa Cruz semi-analytic model for galaxy formation and the new model components introduced in this work. This efficient modelling pipeline established an effective link between the ‘ground-level’ galaxy formation physics and the ‘top-level’ cosmological-scale observables, which also enables controlled experiments that help pinpoint the set of physical processes that have leading effects on cosmological events and quantifying their impacts. This work demonstrates the enormous potential of using semi-analytic models to inform the planning of optimal survey strategies, support scientific rationale for observing programs, and facilitate physical interpretation for observed objects. In anticipation of the soon-to-be-launched James Webb Space Telescope, a portion of our predictions are tailored to explore its capability on detecting faint, distant galaxies and on constraining key galaxy formation physics.
Autocollimating compensator for controlling aspheric optical surfaces
Creators: name: Terebizh, V. Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A compensator (null-corrector) for testing aspheric optical surfaces is proposed, which enables i) independent verification of optical elements and assembling of the compensator itself, and ii) ascertaining the compensator position in a control layout for a specified aspheric surface. The compensator consists of three spherical lenses made of the same glass. In this paper, the scope of the compensator expanded to a surface speed ~f/2.3; a conceptual example for a nominal primary of Hubble Space Telescope is given. The autocollimating design allows significant reducing difficulties associated with practical use of lens compensators.
description: Accepted Monthly Notices of RAS
Earth Observation-based Services for Monitoring and Reporting of Ecological Status
Creators: name: Hommersom, Annelies
name: Poser, Kathrin
name: Laanen, Marnix
name: Peters, Steef
name: Ligi, Martin
name: Giardino, Claudia
name: Bresciani, Mariano
name: Decarolis, Giacomo
name: Dionisio Pires, Miguel
name: Anttila, Saku
name: Attila, Jenni
name: Vaiciute, Diana
name: Bucas, Martynas
name: Papadakis, Dimitri
name: Tyler, Andrew
name: Spyrakos, Evangelos
name: Simis, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Poster presentation at the Globolakes and GEO Aquawatch meeting 28-08-2018
Core Defense Hotspots within Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a consistent and rich source of anti-phage defense systems
Creators: name: Johnson, Matthew
name: Laderman, Eric
name: Huiting, Erin
name: Zhang, Charles
name: Davidson, Alan
name: Bondy-Denomy, Joseph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: HMMs of anti-phage systems
Triangulating youth purpose across three measures
Creators: name: Yuan, May
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2020

description: Positive purpose has been linked to increased resilience in the face of adversity. Although quantitative and qualitative measures of purpose have traditionally been utilized separately, recent literature points to the need for more comprehensive assessment by integrating these methodologies. Therefore, the present study uses a mixed-methods approach to “triangulate” the construct of youth purpose, and to validate a new qualitative measure of purpose. The sample included students from two urban middle schools who completed a quantitative self-report measure of purpose, and a Purpose Essay – a qualitative measure asking students to define their purpose, and to describe any engagement they had in their purpose. Homeroom teachers also completed a 3-item measure of their perception of students’ purpose. Cluster analysis was used to incorporate thematic codes derived from the Purpose Essays to create “profiles” of students including all three purpose measures. Three cluster patterns were found for both schools in the analysis – fully developed purpose, beyond-the-self without engagement, and self-oriented life goal – additionally, these clusters did not vary across student groups (i.e., grade level, gender, ethnicity). The triangulation of purpose assessments added to the prediction of a general measure of mental health, but not specifically depression or anxiety. Future research would examine a subset of students’ purpose essays in more detail using qualitative coding analyses for further exploration of content and structure.
PREVALENCE OF EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS AND RIFAMPICIN RESISTANT IN CHILDREN AT SELECTED HEALTH FACILITIES OF SOUTH WEST SHEWA ZONE, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: AZMACH BISET (BSC)
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018

description: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infectious disease that has long been one of the major health problems. It affects individuals of all ages and both sexes. Poverty, malnutrition and over-crowded living conditions have been known for decades to increase the risk of developing the disease .Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is an important clinical problem defined as the isolated occurrence of tuberculosis in any part of the body other than lungs. Aim of the study is to determine the Prevalence of EPTB Cases in children. Objectives: Prevalence of Extra pulmonary Tuberculosis and Rifampicin Resistant in children at selected health facilities of Southwest Shewa Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Core Defense Hotspots within Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a consistent and rich source of anti-phage defense systems
Creators: name: Johnson, Matthew
name: Laderman, Eric
name: Huiting, Erin
name: Zhang, Charles
name: Davidson, Alan
name: Bondy-Denomy, Joseph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: HMMs and definitions for anti-phage systems used in ISLAND
The flow of power law fluids in elastic networks and porous media
Creators: name: Sochi, Taha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The flow of power law fluids, which include shear thinning and shear thickening as well as Newtonian as a special case, in networks of interconnected elastic tubes is investigated using a residual based pore scale network modeling method with the employment of newly derived formulae. Two relations describing the mechanical interaction between the local pressure and local cross sectional area in distensible tubes of elastic nature are considered in the derivation of these formulae. The model can be used to describe shear dependent flows of mainly viscous nature. The behavior of the proposed model is vindicated by several tests in a number of special and limiting cases where the results can be verified quantitatively or qualitatively. The model, which is the first of its kind, incorporates more than one major non-linearity corresponding to the fluid rheology and conduit mechanical properties, that is non-Newtonian effects and tube distensibility. The formulation, implementation and performance indicate that the model enjoys certain advantages over the existing models such as being exact within the restricting assumptions on which the model is based, easy implementation, low computational costs, reliability and smooth convergence. The proposed model can therefore be used as an alternative to the existing Newtonian distensible models; moreover it stretches the capabilities of the existing modeling approaches to reach non-Newtonian rheologies.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
РАХБАРДА ПСИХОЛОГИК КОМПЕТЕНТЛИКНИ РИВОЖЛАНТИРИШНИНГ КОМПЛЕКС МОДЕЛИ
Creators: name: Ойбек Эшбоевич Х, айитов
Publisher: name: Academic research in educational sciences
Year: 2020
Subjects: ракбар
компетенция
компетентлик
психологик компетентлик
модель
компетентлик олами
шахс сифатлари
даража

description: Ушбу маколада ракбарда психологик компетентликни ривожлантиришнинг комплекс модели баён этилиб, унинг мазмунида “3+1” куринишли блокларда тизимлаштирилган компетентлик кластери, юкори, урта, куйи даражадаги турт хил психологик компетентлик оламига тааллукли шахс сифатларини узида мужассамлаштирган устувор компетенциялар очикланган.
title: Sites of Memory: My Personal Lens
Creators: name: Dixon, Sherry
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: I think that very early into this trip, the rest of my group realized that I like to take pictures. I took pictures of everything. I joked about running out of space on my computer because of so many pictures. Well, that actually happened! I came home after this ten day trip with 6000 pictures, which I am still sifting through. I feel as if I have been looking at pictures non-stop since I came home.
Second Life: game, simulator, or serious game?
Creators: name: Santos, Renato P. dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.1; I.6.8

description: This article reports on an exploratory case study conducted to examine the viability of Second Life (SL) as an environment for physical simulations and microworlds. It begins by discussing specific features of the SL environment relevant to its use as a support for microworlds and simulations as well as a few differences found between SL and traditional simulators such as Modellus, along with their implications to simulations, as a support for subsequent analysis. Afterwards, we will use Narayanasamy et al. and Johnston and Whitehead criteria to analyze the SL environment and determine into which of training simulators, games, simulation games, or serious games categories SL fits best. We conclude that SL shows itself as a huge and sophisticated simulator of an entire Earthlike world used by thousands of users to simulate real life in some sense and a viable and flexible platform for microworlds and simulations.
description: 20 pages
Draft list of indicators and guidance notes ADMIGOV Deliverable 7.2
Creators: name: Pasetti, Francesco
name: Lebon-McGregor, Elaine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: indicators of good migration governance

description: This working paper contains the draft list of indicators, as a step in the process to build a final list of indicators. Please also visit follow-up work to follow the process and learn about the final indicator list.
description: This is a working paper in ADMIGOV work package 7, more information https://admigov.eu
Non-intertwined strands of plasmid DNA contradict the Watson & Crick model of DNA structure
Creators: name: Kumar, Pawan
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: According to the Watson and Crick model, a DNA molecule consists of two antiparallel polynucleotide chains, intertwined with each other in a right-handed helix. Although the Watson and Crick model is accepted universally, independent studies validating this model are wanting. In the present study, the Watson and Crick model of DNA structure was examined with the help of plasmid DNA. Since plasmid is a closed circular double-stranded DNA molecule, it was hypothesized that two strands of plasmid DNA would not fall apart, if it follows the Watson and Crick Model.
To test this hypothesis, pUC19 and pBR322 plasmids were denatured with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. It was observed that addition of NaOH resulted in new bands of pUC19 and pBR322 DNA with higher electrophoretic mobilities. DNA corresponding to higher electrophoretic mobility band of pUC19 (hmP19) was found to be single-stranded and circular, suggesting the dissociation of two strands of pUC19 plasmid. Interestingly, neutralization of NaOH resulted in the formation of native double-stranded pUC19 plasmid. hmP19 extracted from agarose gel also formed native pUC19, which was digestible with Hind III. Development of ampicillin resistance in transformed Escherichia coli confirmed the functionality of pUC19 plasmid formed by gel-extracted hmP19. These findings show that two strands of a DNA molecule are not intertwined with each other and contradict the Watson and Crick Model of DNA structure.
Search for top quark decays $t\rightarrow qH$ with $H\toγγ$ using the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search is performed for flavour-changing neutral currents in the decay of a top quark to an up-type ($c, u$) quark and a Higgs boson, where the Higgs boson decays to two photons. The proton-proton collision data set used corresponds to 4.7 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 \tev\ and 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ at $\sqrt{s}$ = 8 \tev\ collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. Top quark pair events are searched for in which one top quark decays to $qH$ and the other decays to $bW$. Both the hadronic and the leptonic decay modes of the $W$ boson are used. No significant signal is observed and an upper limit is set on the $t\rightarrow qH$ branching ratio of 0.79% at the 95% confidence level. The corresponding limit on the $tqH$ coupling combination $\sqrt{λ_{tcH}^{2} + λ_{tuH}^{2}}$ is 0.17.
description: 22 pages plus author list (45 pages total), 6 figures, 4 tables, submitted to JHEP. All figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HIGG-2013-09
Breaking Into The Circle: a philosophical justification for a first-person approach to the science of consciousness
Creators: name: Zaman, Ashok
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 500312
subject: Philosophy of cognition

description: In line with Gendlin, Varela, Bitbol and others, this thesis argues that first-person experience is primary. Despite the fact that mainstream cognitivist approaches to the science of consciousness assume the primacy of third-person frameworks, I demonstrate that they are in fact derived from first-person experiencing. Third-person frameworks therefore do not underlie or determine the qualitative fact of conscious experience. Presupposing third-person frameworks before any investigation of experience is conducted does not only fail to bridge the epistemic gap of Chalmers’ (1995) Hard Problem of Consciousness, but elicits the gap. As a consequence of the mainstream cognitivist position, lived experience disappears from view, hidden by the “ancient” assumption that sense-percepts constitute the basic model of all experience (Gendlin 1997b: 406). If it is true that first-person experience is primary, it motivates a methodological shift that does not propose to solve the Hard Problem by asserting yet another theory or formula as primary, but dissipates the tacit expectation in third-person approaches that there exists a final formulation to be found. While my thesis focuses on establishing this claim, central to making it is the additional assertion that a genuine science of consciousness is possible if “we change the entire framework within which the issue is discussed.” (Varela 1996: 331) Third-person frameworks are not rejected, but become a reflective focus generated within the experienced world, without foreclosing prematurely on the pre-schematic possibilities of lived experience, recognising that: “Lived experience is where we start from and where all must link back to, like a guiding thread.” (Varela 1996: 334) The full import of deriving third-person frameworks from the originating world of lived experience will come to bear in a new methodological approach. This thesis thus constitutes further justification for why a first-person starting point for a science of consciousness is needed.
Hysteretic ac loss in a coated superconductor subjected to oscillating magnetic field: ferromagnetic effect and frequency dependence
Creators: name: Ma, Guang-Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of the hysteretic ac loss in a coated superconductor with a more realistic version of architecture were performed via finite-element technique in the presence of an oscillating magnetic field. The coated superconductor was electromagnetically modeled by resorting to the quasistatic approximation of a vector potential approach in conjunction with the nonlinear descriptions of the superconducting layer and ferromagnetic substrate therein by a power law model and the Langevin equation respectively. A diverse effect of the ferromagnetic substrate on the hysteretic ac loss, depending on the strength of the applied magnetic field, was displayed and its underlying cause was identified. The dependence of the hysteretic ac loss on the applied frequency is found to be related to a critical amplitude of the applied magnetic field, and the eddy-current loss dissipated in the metal coatings becomes prominent as the frequency augments merely at high applied magnetic fields.
description: 16 Pages, 6 figures
Second Life Physics: Virtual, real, or surreal?
Creators: name: Santos, Renato P. dos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.3.1; I.6.3; H.5.1; J.2

description: Science teaching detached itself from reality and became restricted to the classrooms and textbooks with their overreliance on standardized and repetitive exercises, while students keep their own alternative conceptions. Papert, displeased with this inefficient learning process, championed physics microworlds, where students could experience a variety of laws of motion, from Aristotle to Newton and Einstein or even new laws invented by the students themselves. While often mistakenly seen as a game, Second Life (SL), the online 3-D virtual world hosted by Linden Lab, imposes essentially no rules on the residents beyond reasonable restrictions on improper behavior and the physical rules that guarantee its similitude to the real world. As a consequence, SL qualifies itself as an environment for personal discovery and exploration as proposed by constructivist theories. The physical laws are implemented through the well-known physics engine Havok, whose design aims to provide game-players a consistent, realistic environment. The Havok User Guide (2008) explicitly encourages developers to use several tricks to cheat the simulator in order to make games funnier or easier to play. As it is shown in this study, SL physics is unexpectedly neither the Newtonian idealized physics nor a real world physics virtualization, intentionally diverging from reality in such a way that it could be called hyper-real. As a matter of fact, if some of its features make objects behave more realistically than real ones, certain quantities like energy have a totally different meaning in SL as compared to physics. Far from considering it as a problem, however, the author argues that its hyper-reality may be a golden teaching opportunity, allowing surreal physics simulations and epistemologically rich classroom discussions around the what is a physical law? issue, in accordance with Papert's never-implemented proposal.
description: 21 pages
On the origin of bursts in blue compact dwarf galaxies: clues from kinematics and stellar populations
Creators: name: Koleva, M.
name: De Rijcke, S.
name: Zeilinger, W. W.
name: Verbeke, R.
name: Schroyen, J.
name: Vermeylen, L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blue compact dwarf galaxies (BCDs) form stars at, for their sizes, extraordinarily high rates. In this paper, we study what triggers this starburst and what is the fate of the galaxy once its gas fuel is exhausted. We select four BCDs with smooth outer regions, indicating them as possible progenitors of dwarf elliptical galaxies. We have obtained photometric and spectroscopic data with the FORS and ISAAC instruments on the VLT. We analyse their infra-red spectra using a full spectrum fitting technique which yields the kinematics of their stars and ionized gas together with their stellar population characteristics. We find that the_stellar_ velocity to velocity dispersion ratio (v/sigma) of our BCDs is of the order of 1.5, similar to that of dwarf elliptical galaxies. Thus, those objects do not require significant (if any) loss of angular momentum to fade into early type dwarfs. This finding is in discordance with previous studies, which however compared the stellar kinematics of dwarf elliptical galaxies with the gaseous kinematics of star forming dwarfs. The stellar velocity fields of our objects are very disturbed and the star-formation regions are often kinematically decoupled from the rest of the galaxy. These regions can be more or less metal rich with respect to the galactic body, and sometimes they are long lived. These characteristics prevent us from pinpointing a unique trigger of the star formation, even within the same galaxy. Gas impacts, mergers, and in-spiraling gas clumps are all possible star-formation ignitors for our targets.
description: 20 pages, 13 fig, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Pitch Angle of Galactic Spiral Arms
Creators: name: Michikoshi, Shugo
name: Kokubo, Eiichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the key parameters that characterize spiral arms in disk galaxies is a pitch angle that measures the inclination of a spiral arm to the direction of galactic rotation. The pitch angle differs from galaxy to galaxy, which suggests that the rotation law of galactic disks determines it. In order to investigate the relation between the pitch angle of spiral arms and the shear rate of galactic differential rotation, we perform local $N$-body simulations of pure stellar disks. We find that the pitch angle increases with the epicycle frequency and decreases with the shear rate and obtain the fitting formula. This dependence is explained by the swing amplification mechanism.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Attaching Protein-Adsorbing Silica Particles to the Surface of Cotton Substrates for Bioaerosol Capture including SARS-CoV-2
Creators: name: Collings, Kieran
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2029

description: The COVID-19 pandemic caused worldwide disruption and innumerable health consequences. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is spread primarily through aerosol transmission from person to person. To mitigate transmission, measures such as mask wearing, social distancing and restrictions to indoor social events were introduced. This dissertation reflects a multidisciplinary effort to design a solution that can help mitigate airborne disease transmission. Although largely motivated by the COVID-19 pandemic, the underpinning research has connotations for air filtration in general. Silica has long been used in the field of chromatography for making columns, due to its large surface area, tuneable particle and pore sizes, and a variety of options for attachment of functional groups. Silica columns have long been known to have a high affinity for proteins, which will ‘stick’ to columns. Corona viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 have an outer lipid layer which are covered in spike proteins. The premise for this thesis will put to use the well-known affinity of amorphous silica for proteins, and by extension its ability to adsorb aerosolised virions.
Majorana edge states and topological properties in 1D/2D Rashba semiconductor proximity coupled to iron-based superconductor
Creators: name: Ebisu, Hiromi
name: Yada, Keiji
name: Kasai, Hideaki
name: Tanaka, Yukio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Majorana edge states and their topological properties of one-dimensional(1D) and two-dimensional(2D) Rashba semiconductor deposited on iron-based superconductor under the applied Zeeman field for various directions. Using the recursive Green's function method, we calculate the local density of states(LDOS) both for $s_{\pm}$ and $s_{++}$-wave pairings. We elucidate that it shows anisotropic response to the applied Zeeman field specific to Majorana edge states. This anisotropy can be understood by the winding number, which shows whether the present system is topological or not. The resulting LDOS and winding numbers for $s_{\pm}$ and $s_{++}$-wave pairings are significantly different at the lower Zeeman field. These results serve as a guide to determine the pairing symmetry of iron-pnictide.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures
The scaling limit of uniform random plane maps, via the Ambjørn-Budd bijection
Creators: name: Bettinelli, Jérémie
name: Jacob, Emmanuel
name: Miermont, Grégory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that a uniform rooted plane map with n edges converges in distribution after a suitable normalization to the Brownian map for the Gromov-Hausdorff topology. A recent bijection due to Ambjørn and Budd allows to derive this result by a direct coupling with a uniform random quadrangulation with n faces.
Quantum Model Averaging
Creators: name: Ferrie, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Standard tomographic analyses ignore model uncertainty. It is assumed that a given model generated the data and the task is to estimate the quantum state, or a subset of parameters within that model. Here we apply a model averaging technique to mitigate the risk of overconfident estimates of model parameters in two examples: (1) selecting the rank of the state in tomography and (2) selecting the model for the fidelity decay curve in randomized benchmarking.
description: For a summary, see http://i.imgur.com/nMJxANo.png
Transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect in subwavelength dielectric gratings
Creators: name: Maksymov, Ivan S.
name: Hutomo, Jessica
name: Kostylev, Mikhail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate theoretically a large transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect (TMOKE) in subwavelength gratings consisting of alternating magneto-insulating and nonmagnetic dielectric nanostripes. The reflectivity of the grating reaches $96\%$ at the frequencies corresponding to the maximum of the TMOKE response. The combination of a large TMOKE response and high reflectivity is important for applications in $3$D imaging, magneto-optical data storage, and magnonics.
DISSERTATION FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN PUBLIC HEALTH, ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, ETHIOPIA
Creators: name: Takele Menna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: Globally, HIV/AIDS is one of the most profound developmental challenges faced in the human

history. Despite the fact that the epidemic is affecting almost all development sectors, it is widely

asserted that the education sector has been profoundly affected. The effects of the epidemic on

the education sector are complex.

In its current disposition, education remains the most human intensive public sector in Ethiopia.

Cumulatively, the sector has a total of 17,413,176 students, 314,524 teachers and more than

80,000 non-teaching staff (constituting a total of more than 24% of the country’s population).

Mitigating the effects of HIV/AIDS on the education sector is especially important, since this

sector trains all public servants. Moreover, it is crucial to provide all concerned at different

levels with some research based and up-dated data on the effects of HIV/AIDS on the education

sector and interventions to mitigate the epidemic for evidence based prevention, control, and care

and support programs
Naked singularity explosion in higher-dimensional dust collapse
Creators: name: Shimano, Masahiro
name: Miyamoto, Umpei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of the large extra dimensions or TeV-scale gravity, it has been argued that an effective naked singularity, called the visible border of spacetime, would be generated by high-energy particle collisions. Motivated by this interesting possibility, we investigate a particle creation by a naked singularity in general dimensions, adopting a spherically symmetric self-similar dust collapse as the simple model of a naked singularity formation. The power and energy of the particle emission behave in two distinct ways depending on a parameter in the model. In a generic case, the emission power is proportional to the quadratic inverse of the remaining time to the Cauchy horizon, which has been known for the four-dimensional case in the literature. On the other hand, in a degenerate case the emission power is proportional to the quartic inverse of the remaining time to the Cauchy horizon, and depends on the total mass of a dust fluid in spite that the central region of the collapse is scale-free due to the self-similarity. In the both cases, within a test-field approximation the energy radiated before any quantum gravitational effect dominates amounts to TeV. This suggests that a backreaction is not ignorable in the TeV-scale gravity context, in contrast to the similar phenomena in stellar collapse.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in CQG
QCD sum rules on the complex Borel plane
Creators: name: Araki, Ken-Ji
name: Ohtani, Keisuke
name: Gubler, Philipp
name: Oka, Makoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Borel transformed QCD sum rules conventionally use a real valued parameter (the Borel mass) for specifying the exponential weight over which hadronic spectral functions are averaged. In this paper, it is shown that the Borel mass can be generalized to have complex values and that new classes of sum rules can be derived from the resulting averages over the spectral functions. The real and imaginary parts of these novel sum rules turn out to have damped oscillating kernels and potentially contain a larger amount of information on the hadronic spectrum than the real valued QCD sum rules. As a first practical test, we have formulated the complex Borel sum rules for the phi meson channel and have analyzed them using the maximum entropy method, by which we can extract the most probable spectral function from the sum rules without strong assumptions on its functional form. As a result, it is demonstrated that, compared to earlier studies, the complex valued sum rules allow us to extract the spectral function with a significantly improved resolution and thus to study more detailed structures of the hadronic spectrum than previously possible.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures
CKVul: evolving nebula and three curious background stars
Creators: name: Hajduk, M.
name: van Hoof, P. A. M.
name: Zijlstra, A. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the remnants of CK Vul (Nova Vul 1670) using optical imaging and spectroscopy. The imaging, obtained between 1991 and 2010, spans 5.6% of the life-time of the nebula. The flux of the nebula decreased during the last 2 decades. The central source still maintains the ionization of the innermost part of the nebula, but recombination proceeds in more distant parts of the nebula. Surprisingly, we discovered two stars located within 10 arcsec of the expansion centre of the radio emission that are characterized by pronounced long term variations and one star with high proper motion. The high proper motion star is a foreground object, and the two variable stars are background objects. The photometric variations of two variables are induced by a dusty cloud ejected by CK Vul and passing through the line of sight to those stars. The cloud leaves strong lithium absorption in the spectra of the stars. We discuss the nature of the object in terms of recent observations.
description: Published in MNRAS, available at http://mnras.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/stt426?
From Galois to Hopf Galois: theory and practice
Creators: name: Crespo, Teresa
name: Rio, Anna
name: Vela, Montserrat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 12F10, Secondary: 13B05, 16T05, 16W30

description: Hopf Galois theory expands the classical Galois theory by considering the Galois property in terms of the action of the group algebra k[G] on K/k and then replacing it by the action of a Hopf algebra. We review the case of separable extensions where the Hopf Galois property admits a group-theoretical formulation suitable for counting and classifying, and also to perform explicit computations and explicit descriptions of all the ingredients involved in a Hopf Galois structure. At the end we give just a glimpse of how this theory is used in the context of Galois module theory for wildly ramified extensions.
Numerical simulations of the mutual effect among the superconducting constituents in a levitation system with translational symmetry
Creators: name: Ma, Guang-Tong
name: Liu, Huan
name: Li, Xing-Tian
name: Zhang, Han
name: Xu, Yuan-Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By the introduction of a generalized magnetic vector potential, which contains the contributions of both the magnetic and electric parts, and the use of the Ampere's law within the quasistatic approximation as the state equation, the partial differential equations for governing the electromagnetic properties of superconductors as well as the surrounding coolant were established and numerically discretized by resorting to the finite-element technique and finite-difference scheme, respectively, in the spatial and temporal domain. In conjunction with an analytic method to calculate the magnetic field generated by permanent magnet, we compiled a numerical tool for performing an intricate study of the mutual effect among the superconducting constituents in a superconducting levitation system with translational symmetry. Taking a superconducting unit with three constituents inside as a practice, we simulated the electromagnetic responses of this unit while moving in the nonuniform magnetic field generated by permanent magnet guideway and, identified the influences of the mutual effect on the levitation force as well as on the distributions of the magnetic flux density, the supercurrent density, and the levitation force density by comparing to an envisaged reference, one constituent was simulated with all the rest absent to remove the mutual effect. The insights attained by the present study, mostly being inaccessible from the experiments, are aimed to provide useful implications for the design of a superconducting levitation system for the transit and analogous purposes, which usually employ multiple superconductors to achieve the desired capability.
description: 22 pages, 13 figures
Microscopic description of $^7$Li in the $^{7}\text{Li}+^{12}\text{C}$ and $^7\text{Li}+^{28}\text{Si}$ elastic scattering at high energies
Creators: name: Pinilla, E. C.
name: Descouvemont, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a microscopic continuum-discretized coupled-channels reaction framework (MCDCC) to study the elastic angular distribution of the $^7$Li$=α+t$ nucleus colliding with $^{12}$C and $^{28}$Si targets at $E_{\text{Lab}}$=350 MeV. In this framework, the $^7$Li projectile is described in a microscopic cluster model and impinges on non-composite targets. The diagonal and coupling potentials are constructed from nucleon-target interactions and $^7$Li microscopic wave functions. We obtain a fair description of the experimental data, in the whole angular range studied, when continuum channels are included. The inelastic and breakup angular distributions on the lightest target are also investigated. In addition, we compute $^{7}$Li$+^{12}$C MCDCC elastic cross sections at energies much higher than the Coulomb barrier and we use them as reference calculations to test the validity of multichannel eikonal cross sections.
description: 9 Pages, 6 Figures