cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamics in cortical activity revealed by resting-state MEG rhythms
Creators: name: Mendoza-Ruiz, J.
name: Alonso-Malaver, C. E.
name: Valderrama, M.
name: Rosso, O. A.
name: Martínez, J. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: H.1.1; G.3; J.2; G.3; J.3
subject: 92-10, 94-08, 82-10, 37N25

description: The brain may be thought of as a many-body architecture with a spatio-temporal dynamics described by neuronal structures. The oscillatory nature of brain activity allows these structures (nodes) to be described as a set of coupled oscillators forming a network where the node dynamics, and that of the network topology can be studied. Quantifying its dynamics at various scales is an issue that claims to be explored for several brain activities, e.g., activity at rest. The resting-state associates the underlying brain dynamics of healthy subjects that are not actively compromised with sensory or cognitive processes. Studying its dynamics is highly non-trivial but opens the door to understand the general principles of brain functioning. We hypothesize about how could be the spatio-temporal dynamics of cortical fluctuations for healthy subjects at resting-state. We retrieve the alphabet that reconstructs the dynamics (entropy/complexity) of magnetoencephalograpy signals. We assemble the cortical connectivity to elicit the network's dynamics. We depict an order relation between entropy/complexity for frequency bands. We unveiled that the posterior cortex conglomerates nodes with both stronger dynamics and high clustering for α band. The existence of these order relations suggests an emergent phenomenon of each band. Interestingly, we find that the posterior cortex plays a cardinal role in both the dynamics and structure regarding the resting-state. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study with magnetoencephalograpy involving information theory and network science to better understand the dynamics and structure of brain activity at rest for different bands and scales.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures
Die fossilen Araucaria-Zapfen der La Matilde Formation im versteinerten Wald von Cerro Cuadrado in Patagonien (Süd-Argentinien)
Creators: name: Dörken, Veit
name: Steinecke, Hilke
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2020

description: Durch einen Vulkanausbruch vor rund 160 Mio. Jahren wurde die damalige jurassische, von Araukarien dominierte Waldformation von Cerro Cuadrado (Patagonien) in einer einzigartigen Qualität konserviert. Zu den spektakulärsten Fossilien zählen hier zweifelsohne die Samenzapfen von Araucaria mirabilis (Araucariaceae), die nachfolgend vorgestellt werden.
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 84 Nr. 1 (2020)
Real-time discrete multi-tone transmission for passive optical networks in C- and O-band
Creators: name: Dochhan, Annika
name: Drenski, Tomislav
name: Griesser, Helmut
name: Eiselt, Michael H.
name: Elbers, Jörg-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: DMT at 25 Gbit/s, 50 Gbit/s and 100 Gbit/s in passive systems with electro-absorption modulators is investigated. Transmission in C- and O-band are compared, yielding up to 22 km reach, 100 Gbit/s in O-band. All results are obtained with a real-time signal processing ASIC.
description: The results were obtained in the projects SENDATE Secure-DCI and SpeeD, partly funded by the German ministry of education and research (BMBF) under contracts 16KIS0477K and 13N1374, respectively
Cichorium intybus – Gewöhnliche Wegwarte (Asteraceae): Gemüse des Jahres 2005, Blume des Jahres 2009, Heilpflanze des Jahres 2020
Creators: name: Buch, Corinne
name: Höggemeier, Annette
Publisher: name: Der Palmengarten
Year: 2020

description: Die Wegwarte (Cichorium intybus) ist Heilpflanze des Jahres 2020. Sie wurde aber auch schon im Jahr 2009 zur Blume des Jahres gekürt. Aufgrund ihres Reservestoffes Inulin ist die Wegwarte besonders für Diabetiker eine interessante Nahrungspflanze. Hinter Cichorium intybus verbergen sich auch Blattgemüse wie Chicorée und Radicchio. Die gerösteten Wurzeln ergeben Kaffee-Ersatz. Die Wegwarte kommt bevorzugt an Straßenrändern und auf ruderalen Standorten vor. Als Nektarpflanze für Bienen und Schwebfliegen sowie Raupenfutterpfanze hat sie einen hohen ökologischen Wert.
description: Der Palmengarten, Bd. 84 Nr. 1 (2020)
Electron-deficient porphyrins
Creators: name: Terazono, Yuichi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The search for effective porphyrin catalysts for oxygenations that mimic the functions of cytochrome P-450 has led to the synthesis of electron-deficient porphyrins. Novel β-ttifluoromerhyl-meso-tetraphenylporphyrins were prepared by the copper assisted trifluoromethylation using β -bromo-meso-tetraphenylporphyrins and in-situ generated CF₃Cu via the pyrolysis of CF₃CO₂Na/CuI or the metathesis of trifluoromethylcadmium ((CF₃)₂Cd + CF₃CdBr/CuBr). Although multiple trifluoromethylation was difficult due to the steric bulk of the —CF₃ group, the existence of various meso-tetraphenylporphyrins with perfluoroalkyl moieties was affirmed. Partially trifluoromethylated porphyrins H₂TPP(CF₃)₂ (46a), H₂TPP(CF₃)₃ (47a), H₂TPP(CF₃)₄ (48a), and H₂TPP(CF₃)₃ (CF₂CF₃ ) (52a) were obtained by trifluoromethylation of Zn(TPPBr₄) (45b) followed by demetallation. Zn(TPP(CF₃)₄) (48b), Co(TPP(CF₃)₄) (48e) Fe(TPP(CF₃)₄ Cl (48f), and Fe(TPP(CF₃)₃ (CF₂CF₃))Cl (52c) were also synthesized from the corresponding free-base porphyrins. These metalloporphyrins, as well as free-base porphyrins, were used for the analysis of the electronic and the steric effects of the —CF₃ groups on the [Chemical Diagrams] porphyrin macrocycle by UV-visible and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography. These analyses not only suggested that novel p-trifluoromethylporphyrins were electron-deficient but also showed that those porphyrins take bacteriochlorin-like distorted electronic structures; a fixed 18π-electronic pathway. An X-ray crystal structure of 48b revealed severe macrocycle distortion into a saddle shape due to the steric interaction between the —CF₃ and the meso-phenyl groups. Catalytic oxidations of cyclohexane and cyclohexene using 48f and 52c as catalysts, iodosylbenzene (PhIO) as an oxidant and the above-mentioned substrates showed that they were not superior to one of the best porphyrin catalysts, Fe(TDCPPCl₈)Cl (10d) and porphyrin 48f and 52c were not very stable in the oxidation runs. Although the prepared novel porphyrins were not satisfactory as P-450 model compounds, interesting electronic and structural properties of the meso-tetraphenylporphyrins partially trifluoromethylated at the pyrrolic β-positions of antipodal pyrroles were revealed. The steric and electronic effects of the —CF₃ groups on the pyrrolic β-positions of meso-tetraphenylporphyrin were also compared to those of β-methyl analogues (57a, 58a, 59a, and 59b) in order to compare these effects distinctly. [Chemical Diagrams].
Will they cotton on? An investigation into schoolgirls use of low-cost sanitary pads in Uganda
Creators: name: Crofts, Tracey J.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Health Care

description: Today, all over the world, millions of women are menstruating. For some, this natural monthly occurrence will pass almost unregistered, yet for others it will cause significant disruption to their daily lives. The disparity in experience may be attributed to factors such as the quality of water and sanitation facilities, accessibility to protection materials and pain relief, physiological understanding and hygiene behaviour. In low-income countries, where many of these factors are invariably limited, women tend to struggle more than their counterparts in high-income countries. Additionally, social systems, political indifference and cultural customs may compound womenʼs vulnerabilities, reducing their capacity to adequately manage their monthly periods. Hygiene interventions are therefore required not only to meet the pressing needs of the poor, but also to address this matter of injustice. In order to address a matter, it must first be understood. Menstruation Hygiene Management (MHM) in low-income countries is a relatively new area of study, so there are plenty of avenues still to be researched. Fundamental to them all, is a sound comprehension of the experiences of poor women and the reasons for their current behaviours. Both the problems and the coping strategies need to be analysed. The problems faced during menstruation are all too familiar to poor women. Even the non-poor may be able to correctly identify and empathise with some of them. Information gathering about MHM problems is of little value unless it leads to action. When embarking on this research, it was the authorʼs intention to go beyond publishing facts about menstrual hygiene problems to proposing practical solutions, or, at the very least, paving a way for someone else to do so.
Accession of the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland to the European Union: Impacts on Agricultural Markets
Creators: name: Fuller, Frank H.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Fang, Cheng
name: Kaus, Phillip J.
name: Fuller, Frank H.
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Fabiosa, Jacinto F.
name: Mohanty, Samarendu
name: Fang, Cheng
name: Kaus, Phillip J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: CAP
subject: economic integration
subject: EU enlargement
subject: agricultural trade
subject: Czech Republic
subject: Hungary
subject: Poland

description: Using a world agricultural multimarket model, we analyze the consequences of enlargement of the European Union (EU) to include the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland for agricultural markets. We produce a market outlook through the year 2010 for two enlargement scenarios, which are based on different assumptions regarding the restrictions on grain and dairy production in the acceding countries. In both scenarios, accession of the three Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) leads to a permanent but moderate decrease in EU prices for virtually all commodities. For the three acceding CEECs, domestic prices increase dramatically. Their final consumption of agricultural products decreases in most instances, while production rises. Higher domestic prices in the CEECs reduce exports of most commodities to non-union countries. Consequently, excess supplies are placed in stocks or exported to the original 15 member countries. The imposition of supply management mechanisms in the dairy and grain sectors reduces the buildup of surpluses in the new member states. However, supply constraints limit the ability of the new members to take advantage of the expanded market.
Metro-haul Project Vertical Service Demo: Video Surveillance Real-time Low-latency Object Tracking
Creators: name: Dochhan, Annika
name: Fischer, Johannes K.
name: Lent, Bodo
name: Autenrieth, Achim
name: Shariati, Behnam
name: Berenguer, Pablo Wilke
name: Elbers, Jörg-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We report on the EU H2020 project METRO-HAUL use-case demonstration, including flexible allocation of storage and computing resources in different network locations and deployment of a network slice instance through a programmable multi-layer optical network.
description: This work has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 761727 (METRO-HAUL)
Topological membrane theory from Mathai-Quillen formalism
Creators: name: Anguelova, Lilia
name: de Medeiros, Paul
name: Sinkovics, Annamaria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is suggested that topological membranes play a fundamental role in the recently proposed topological M-theory. We formulate a topological theory of membranes wrapping associative three-cycles in a seven-dimensional target space with G_2 holonomy. The topological BRST rules and BRST invariant action are constructed via the Mathai-Quillen formalism. In a certain gauge we show this theory to be equivalent to a membrane theory with two BRST charges found by Beasley and Witten. We argue that at the quantum level an additional topological term should be included in the action, which measures the contributions of membrane instantons. We construct a set of local and non-local observables for the topological membrane theory. As the BRST cohomology of local operators turns out to be isomorphic to the de Rham cohomology of the G_2 manifold, our observables agree with the spectrum of d=4, N=1 G_2 compactifications of M-theory.
description: 36 pages
Farm-Level Analysis of Risk Management Proposals
Creators: name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Adams, Gary M.
name: Westhoff, Patrick C.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Hart, Chad E.
name: Adams, Gary M.
name: Westhoff, Patrick C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: crop insurance
subject: farm analysis
subject: representative farm analysis
subject: revenue

description: This paper presents a detailed report of the representative farm analysis (summarized in FAPRI Policy Working Paper #01-00). At the request of several members of the Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry of the U.S. Senate, we have continued to analyze the impacts of the Farmers' Risk Management Act of 1999 (S. 1666) and the Risk Management for the 21st Century Act (S. 1580). Earlier analysis reported in FAPRI Policy Working Paper #04-99 concentrated on the aggregate net farm income and government outlay impacts. The representative farm analysis is conducted for several types of farms, including both irrigated and non-irrigated cotton farms in Tom Green County, Texas; dryland wheat farms in Morton County, North Dakota and Sumner County, Kansas; and a corn farm in Webster County, Iowa. We consider additional factors that may shed light on the differential impacts of the two plans. 1. Farm-level income impacts under alternative weather scenarios. 2. Additional indirect impacts, such as a change in ability to obtain financing. 3. Implications of within-year price shocks. Our results indicate that farmers who buy crop insurance will increase their coverage levels under S. 1580. Farmers with high yield risk find that the 65 percent coverage level maximizes expected returns, but some who feel that they obtain other benefits from higher coverage will find that the S. 1580 subsidy schedule significantly lowers the cost of obtaining the additional coverage. Farmers with lower yield risk find that the increased indemnities from additional coverage will more than offset the increase in producer premium. In addition, because S. 1580 extends its increased premium subsidy percentages to revenue insurance products, farmers will have an increased incentive to buy revenue insurance. Differences in the ancillary benefits from crop insurance under the baseline and S. 1580 would be driven by the increase in insurance participation and buy-up. Given the same levels of insurance participation and buy-up, the ancillary benefits under the two scenarios would be the same.
Constraints and cosmography of $Λ$CDM in presence of viscosity
Creators: name: Herrera-Zamorano, L.
name: Hernández-Almada, A.
name: García-Aspeitia, Miguel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we study two scenarios of the Universe filled by a perfect fluid following the traditional dark energy and a viscous fluid as dark matter. In this sense, we explore the simplest case for the viscosity in the Eckart formalism, a constant, and then, a polynomial function of the redshift. We constrain the phase-space of the model parameters by performing a Bayesian analysis based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and using the latest data of the Hubble parameter (OHD), Type Ia Supernovae (SNIa) and Strong Lensing Systems. The first two samples cover the region $0.01
description: Accepted for publication in EPJC
Mesh quality preserving shape optimization using nonlinear extension operators
Creators: name: Onyshkevych, Sofiya
name: Siebenborn, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q93, 49Q10, 35R30, 49K20, 65K10

description: In this article, we propose a shape optimization algorithm which is able to handle large deformations while maintaining a high level of mesh quality. Based on the method of mappings we introduce a nonlinear extension operator, which links a boundary control to domain deformations, ensuring admissibility of resulting shapes. The major focus is on comparisons between well-established approaches involving linear-elliptic operators for the extension and the effect of additional nonlinear advection on the set of reachable shapes. It is moreover discussed how the computational complexity of the proposed algorithm can be reduced. The benefit of the nonlinearity in the extension operator is substantiated by several numerical test cases of stationary, incompressible Navier-Stokes flows in 2d and 3d.
Turbulence and its parameterization in accretion discs
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion disc turbulence is investigated in the framework of the shearing box approximation. The turbulence is either driven by the magneto-rotational instability or, in the non-magnetic case, by an explicit and artificial forcing term in the momentum equation. Unlike the magnetic case, where most of the dissipation occurs in the disc corona, in the forced hydrodynamic case most of the dissipation occurs near the midplane. In the hydrodynamic case evidence is presented for the stochastic excitation of epicycles. When the vertical and radial epicyclic frequencies are different (modeling the properties around rotating black holes), the beat frequency between these two frequencies appear to show up as a peak in the temporal power spectrum in some cases. Finally, the full turbulent resistivity tensor is determined and it is found that, if the turbulence is driven by a forcing term, the signs of its off-diagonal components are such that this effect would not be capable of dynamo action by the shear--current effect.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
Deep Learning Methods for Universal MISO Beamforming
Creators: name: Kim, Junbeom
name: Lee, Hoon
name: Hong, Seung-Eun
name: Park, Seok-Hwan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This letter studies deep learning (DL) approaches to optimize beamforming vectors in downlink multi-user multi-antenna systems that can be universally applied to arbitrarily given transmit power limitation at a base station. We exploit the sum power budget as side information so that deep neural networks (DNNs) can effectively learn the impact of the power constraint in the beamforming optimization. Consequently, a single training process is sufficient for the proposed universal DL approach, whereas conventional methods need to train multiple DNNs for all possible power budget levels. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DL methods over existing schemes.
description: to appear in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters (5 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables)
Overconvergent de Rham–Witt cohomology for semi-stable varieties
Creators: name: Gregory, Oliver
name: Langer, Andreas
Publisher: name: Mathematisches Institut (Universität Münster)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 510 Mathematics

description: We define an overconvergent version of the Hyodo–Kato complex for semi-stable varieties Y over perfect fields of positive characteristic, and prove that its hypercohomology tensored with Q recovers the log-rigid cohomology when Y is quasi-projective. We then describe the monodromy operator using the overconvergent Hyodo–Kato complex. Finally, we show that overconvergent Hyodo–Kato cohomology agrees with log-crystalline cohomology in the projective semi-stable case.
The Efficiency of Sequestering Carbon in Agricultural Soils
Creators: name: Pautsch, Gregory R.
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
name: Pautsch, Gregory R.
name: Kurkalova, Lyubov A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Kling, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Agricultural tillage practices are important human-induced activities that can alter carbon emissions from agricultural soils and have the potential to significantly contribute to reductions in greenhouse gas emission (Lal et al, 1998). This research investigates the expected costs of sequestering carbon in agricultural soils under different subsidy and market-based policies. Using the detailed National Resources Inventory data, we estimate the probability that farmers adopt conservation tillage practices based on a variety of exogenous characteristics and profit from conventional practices. These estimates are used with physical models of carbon sequestration to estimate the subsidy costs of achieving increased carbon sequestration with alternative subsidy schemes.
Nonstationarity in the Specification of the Environmental Kuznets Curve
Creators: name: Zapata, Hector O.
name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: Zapata, Hector O.
name: Paudel, Krishna P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Environmental Kuznets curve
subject: fixed and random effects
subject: parametric models
subject: water pollution
subject: watershed
subject: nonstationarity
subject: unit-roots

description: Numerous studies have addressed the question of the econometric specification of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). This paper adds preliminary results on nonstationarity and its effect on functional form using a panel data set for the U.S. by state from 1929 to 1994. It is found that unit-root tests strongly support a unit root in pollutants (sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide) and income when testing individual states. The results from panel data unit root tests provide mixed evidence about nonstationarity in EKC data.
An Exploration of Market Pricing Efficiency: The Dairy Options Pilot Program
Creators: name: Buschena, David E.
name: McNew, Kevin
name: Buschena, David E.
name: McNew, Kevin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Put options have been recommended as a substitute for price support programs (Gardner, 1977), and subsidized option purchases have received some support in lieu of subsidized insurance programs. Put options are an interesting alternative to price supports because their market-determined price levels allow for flexibility and adjustments to relevant current and expected market conditions. One difficulty with the use of put options as a substitute for commodity price supports is the relative thinness of these options markets for some commodities. Market thinness is defined here as the absence of traders willing to take the necessary opposite position in the market in lieu of a relatively large price premium, particularly for a large number of contracts. We explore empirically how a thin market responds when trading increases as a result of a subsidized put option program. USDA initiated the Dairy Options Pilot Program (DOPP) in 1999 in an effort to provide dairy producers with real-world experiences trading options (Vandeveer et al., 2003). Subsequently, additional rounds of DOPP occurred to give more producers a chance to participate. In total, over 1,300 producers bought 6,500 milk put option contracts through the DOPP program from 1999 to 2002. In contrast, over this four-year period total put options traded at the CME milk futures market totaled over 36,000 contracts. This, the volume from the DOPP program represented a fairly large share of total trading activity in the dairy put options market. An interesting feature of the subsidized milk options program is that dairy farmers may have made relatively little use of commodities markets due to the long-standing dairy price support programs. If this is the case, many of the dairy farmers making use of this subsidized options purchase program would have been relatively uniformed traders. Although DOPP may have increased trading volume, market performance may or may not have been enhanced due to the relative unfamiliarity with options trading by these dairy producers. We define a measure for observed options pricing efficiency using Black's formula in our study of the DOPP program, and statistically evaluate the size of the "error" in options pricing. We find that DOPP trades occurred at statistically significantly higher prices than did other trades, that DOPP volume had a price-reducing effect on other options trades, and that some brokers with large DOPP volume filled these orders at relatively large prices.
Internal Kinematics of Galaxies: 3D Spectroscopy on Russian 6m Telescope
Creators: name: Moiseev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have considered some results concerning gas and stars kinematics of nearby galaxies recently obtained on the SAO RAS 6m telescope using the panoramic spectroscopy methods. The circumnuclear regions of the galaxies were observed with integral-field spectrograph MPFS. The large-scale ionized gas kinematics was studied with the scanning Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPI) in the multi-mode focal reducer SCORPIO. The main attention is given for kinematically decoupled regions in the galaxies: bars, spirals, polar disks and rings.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, to appear in "Science Perspectives for 3D Spectroscopy", eds. M. Kissler-Patig, M. M. Roth and J. R. Walsh, ESO Astrophysics Symposia
Direct elicitation of credit constraints: Conceptual and practical issues with an empirical application
Creators: name: Boucher, Stephen R.
name: Guirkinger, Catherine
name: Trivelli, Carolina
name: Boucher, Stephen R.
name: Guirkinger, Catherine
name: Trivelli, Carolina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: The "direct" method of evaluating the impact of credit market imperfections on economic performance first attempts to directly measure whether or not a household or firm is credit rationed and then evaluates the impact of the constraint by via a second stage estimation that provides a household-specific measure of the shadow value of capital. We evaluate this direct approach in three steps. First, we present a simple model that allows us to carefully define different notions of credit rationing- via quantity, transaction costs, and risk. Second, we discuss empirical (survey) strategies for classifying the "rationing mechanism" for each household. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of the classification strategy by estimating the impact of household wealth on the probability of non-price rationing for a sample of farm households in Peru.
description: Replaced with revised version of paper 08/03/05.
The 2MASS galaxy angular power spectrum: Probing the galaxy distribution to Gigaparsec scales
Creators: name: Frith, W. J.
name: Outram, P. J.
name: Shanks, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an angular power spectrum analysis of the 2MASS full release extended source catalogue. The main sample used includes 518,576 galaxies below an extinction-corrected magnitude of K=13.5 and limited to |b|>20. The power spectrum results provide an estimate of the galaxy density fluctuations at extremely large scales, r<1000 Mpc. We compare this with mock predictions constructed from the LCDM Hubble Volume mock catalogue. We find that over the range 150 Mpc). We obtain constraints on the galaxy power spectrum shape of Gamma=0.14+/-0.02, in good agreement with previous estimates inferred at smaller scales. We also constrain the galaxy power spectrum normalisation to (sigma_8 b_K)^2=1.36+/-0.10; in combination with previous constraints on sigma_8 we infer a K-band bias of b_K=1.39+/-0.12. We are also able to provide weak constraints on Omega_m h and Omega_b/Omega_m. These results are based on the usual assumption that the errors derived from the Hubble Volume mocks are applicable to all other models. If we instead assume that the error is proportional to the C_l amplitude then the constraints weaken; for example it becomes more difficult to reject cosmologies with lower Gamma.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to MNRAS
Real-time 112 Gbit/s DMT for Data Center Interconnects
Creators: name: Dochhan, Annika
name: Eiselt, Nicklas
name: Zou, Jim
name: Griesser, Helmut
name: Eiselt, Michael H.
name: Elbers, Jörg-Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We report on 112 Gbit/s real-time DMT transmission over up to 60 km, targeted at DCI applications. Chromatic dispersion mitigation by vestigial sideband filtering is compared to the use of dispersion compensating fiber.
description: The results were obtained in the SENDATE Secure-DCI project, partly funded by the German ministry of education and research (BMBF) under contract 16KIS0477K, and in the iCirrus project, funded by the European Commission under grant agreement No. 644526
PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION USING FARMLAND INVESTMENTS
Creators: name: Hennings, Enrique
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
name: Barry, Peter J.
name: Hennings, Enrique
name: Sherrick, Bruce J.
name: Barry, Peter J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: This study examines the impact of farmland investments on the risk-efficiency of mixed asset portfolios. Traditional asset classes considered available for investment include various equity market indices, commercial REITs, corporate bonds of investment- and sub investment grade, government bonds and treasury bills, corporate bonds, ex-U.S. equity indices, short term interest rate indexes, and commodity investments. Unlevered farmland returns were constructed at the state level as the sum of cash rent and capital gains less property taxes as a fraction of asset values. In addition, a unique, high quality data set comprised of the returns to all managed farmland properties in the NCREIF Farmland Index was also considered. A traditional optimal E-V frontier is first identified considering optimal financial-asset only portfolios in the absence of the farmland asset class. Results show that, relative to financial-asset only portfolios, the inclusion of farmland significantly improves the risk-efficiency of the optimal E-V frontier. To address potential aggregation and smoothing biases, farmland returns are systematically penalized through reduced returns and increased variability. While the mix and shares of farmland investments under these restrictions are reduced, the fundamental result remains that farmland investments significantly improve the risk-efficiency of mixed-asset portfolios.
Integrable open spin chains from giant gravitons
Creators: name: Berenstein, David
name: Vazquez, Samuel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that in the presence of a maximal giant graviton state in N=4 SYM, the states dual to open strings attached to the giant graviton give rise to an PSU(2,2|4) open spin chain model with integrable boundary conditions in the SO(6) sector of the spin chain to one loop order.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, uses JHEP3
The Determination of National Retail and Wholesale Prices of Infant Formula
Creators: name: Levedahl, J. William
name: Reed, Albert J.
name: Levedahl, J. William
name: Reed, Albert J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Women
subject: Infant and Children Program
subject: Infant formula rebates
subject: Price analysis

description: Changes in both retail and wholesale infant formula prices can affect the ability of WIC to supply infant formula to participants. This paper constructs a joint relationship that links national wholesale and retail infant formula prices to economic and policy variables. This joint framework provides a richer interpretation of current issues and questions associated with these markets than frameworks intent on explaining either retail or wholesale prices alone. We show how this framework can be implemented empirically, and demonstrate how it can be used to obtain empirical estimates of retail and wholesale price flexibilities with respect to rebates, and with respect to changes in WIC participation. Both have implications for cost containment.
Configurations of balls in Euclidean space that Brownian motion cannot avoid
Creators: name: Carroll, Tom
name: Ortega-Cerdà, Joaquim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 31B05, 60J65

description: We consider a collection of balls in Euclidean space and the problem of determining if Brownian motion has a positive probability of avoiding all the balls
The Selection of a Major Field of Study in the College of Agriculture at Kansas State University.
Creators: name: Barkley, Andrew P.
name: Parrish, Dena
name: Barkley, Andrew P.
name: Parrish, Dena
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The major objective of this study was to identify and quantify the determinants of the selection of a major field of study in the College of Agriculture at Kansas State University in 2004. Data on factors associated with the selection of a major field of study were collected with an internet survey administered to enrolled undergraduate students, and a paper survey administered to incoming freshmen. Logit regression models were estimated to identify the statistical determinants for twelve majors. Results indicated that the desire to work with or without plants or animals was the most influential factor in the decision to enroll in a specific major. Also, gender, high school agriculture courses, agricultural related clubs/activities, high school science teachers, high school agriculture education teachers, the friendly atmosphere in the College of Agriculture, and friendliness of each of the individual departments were also significant determinants in the selection of a major. The specific regression results provide a wealth of information to faculty and administrators interested in enhancing recruitment efforts and matching individual students with major fields of study that are beneficial and meaningful.
Privatization of Agricultural Biotechnology Research at U.S. Universities
Creators: name: Xia, Yin
name: Yuan, Yiyong
name: Xia, Yin
name: Yuan, Yiyong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: The recent upsurge of privatization of university research, particularly in biotechnology, has attracted considerable attention. In the present study, we develop a structural model in knowledge production function framework to assess the impacts of university patenting and licensing on university research and on the downstream research which builds on university proprietary technologies to develop commercial agricultural biotech products.
Two-setting Bell Inequalities for Graph States
Creators: name: Toth, Geza
name: Guehne, Otfried
name: Briegel, Hans J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Bell inequalities for graph states with high violation of local realism. In particular, we show that there is a two-setting Bell inequality for every nontrivial graph state which is violated by the state at least by a factor of two. These inequalities are facets of the convex polytope containing the many-body correlations consistent with local hidden variable models. We first present a method which assigns a Bell inequality for each graph vertex. Then for some families of graph states composite Bell inequalities can be constructed with a violation of local realism increasing exponentially with the number of qubits. We also suggest a systematic way for obtaining Bell inequalities with a high violation of local realism for arbitrary graphs.
description: 8 pages including 2 figures, revtex4; minor changes
Federal farm program payments (1990 - 2001): an analysis of changing dependency and the distribution of payments in South Dakota
Creators: name: Janssen, Larry
name: Hamda, Yonas
name: Janssen, Larry
name: Hamda, Yonas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: farm program payments
subject: regional analysis
subject: federal payments
subject: distributional equity
subject: commodity policy

description: The growing dependence of the state and local economy and the farm sector on federal farm program payments is highlighted in this South Dakota case study. The concentration and distribution of farm program payments to recipients at the county, regional and state level from 1996 - 2001 is examined. Reasons for an implications of growing inequality of farm program payments are discussed.
Supplementary materials for 'Trinidadian guppies use a social heuristic that can support cooperation among non-kin'
Creators: name: Safi K. Darden
name: James, Richard
name: Cave, James M.
name: Brask, Josefine Bohr
name: Croft, Darren P.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary material: Simulation model and supplementary tables
Pairing symmetry signatures of T1 in superconducting ferromagnets
Creators: name: Dahal, Hari P.
name: Jackiewicz, Jason
name: Bedell, Kevin S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the nuclear relaxation rate 1/T1 as a function of temperature for a superconducting-ferromagnetic coexistent system using a p-wave triplet model for the superconducting pairing symmetry. This calculation is contrasted with a singlet s-wave one done previously, and we see for the s-wave case that there is a Hebel-Slichter peak, albeit reduced due to the magnetization, and no peak for the p-wave case. We then compare these results to a nuclear relaxation rate experiment on UGe2 to determine the possible pairing symmetry signatures in that material. It is seen that the experimental data is inconclusive to rule out the possibility of s-wave pairing in $UGe_{2}$.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Electronic and transport properties of anisotropic semiconductor quantum wires
Creators: name: Cunha, S. M.
name: da Costa, D. R.
name: Felix, L. C.
name: Chaves, Andrey
name: Pereira, J. Milton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the effective-mass approximation, we theoretically investigated the electronic and transport properties of 2D semiconductor quantum wires (QWs) with anisotropic effective masses and different orientations with respect to the anisotropic axis. The energy levels in the absence and presence of an external magnetic field are analytically calculated, showing: (i) a strong dependence on the spacing of energy levels related to the alignment QW angle and the anisotropy axis; and (ii) for non-null magnetic field, the quantum Hall edge states are significantly affected by the edge orientation. Moreover, by means of the split-operator technique, we analyzed the time evolution of wavepackets in straight and V-shaped anisotropic QWs and compared the transmission probabilities with those of isotropic systems. In the anisotropic case we found damped oscillations in the average values of velocity in both x and y directions for a symmetric Gaussian wavepacket propagating along a straight wide QW, with the oscillation being more evident as the non-collinearity between the group velocity and momentum vectors increases.
description: 12 pages, 11 figures
Economies of Size and Total Factor Productivity in Alberta Cow-Calf Production
Creators: name: Jeffrey, Scott R.
name: Yang, Jun
name: Jeffrey, Scott R.
name: Yang, Jun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: This paper applies both parametric and non-parametric approaches to evaluate Economies of Size and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Alberta cow-calf production based on the unbalanced panel data from 196 farmers during the time period from 1995 to 2002. Under the parametric approach, a random parameter translog cost system and a translog cost frontier are constructed and estimated respectively. The results from the cost system estimation suggest that on average, cow-calf production in Alberta exhibits Economies of Size, technical progress and positive TFP. However, exploitable Economies of Size decrease over time, technical change rate and TFP even become negative at 2002. The critical problem, therefore, is how to reverse the trend and maintain good growth pattern. The translog cost frontier is also estimated but the results are unreliable. Therefore, the Non-parametric approach (Malmquist TFP index) is adopted. The results suggest that inefficiency exists in Alberta cow-calf production.
C-H activation of hydrocarbons by tungsten alkylidene and related complexes
Creators: name: Adams, Craig S.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Thermolysis of Cp*W(NO)(CH₂C₆H₅)(CH₂CMe₃) (2) in various solvents generates neopentane and benzylidene Cp*W(NO)(=CHC₆H₅) (B) in situ. Complex B activates the C-H bonds of alkane solvents to yield alkene or allyl hydride complexes, and activates arene solvents to yield aryl or benzyl derivatives. The basic mechanistic features of the formation and reactivity of B, and the scope of B's activation chemistry are very similar to those of the previously-studied neopentylidene Cp*W(NO)(=CHCMe₃) (A) derived from Cp*W(NO)(CH₂CMe₃)₂ (1). However, the product distributions derived from the activation of substituted arenes by B are more abundant in the aryl products over the benzyl products than those obtained from A (toluene, p>xylene). Likewise, the aryl regioisomer distributions obtained from B favour the meta isomer over other isomers, more so than those obtained from A (α,α,α-trifluorotoluene, toluene). The mechanism of the thermal chemistry of 1 and 2 is re-examined for the possible involvement of hydrocarbon intermediates in the formation of the activation products. The observation of H/D scrambling in Cp*W(NO)(CD₂CMe₃)₂ (1-d₄) prior to neopentane elimination indicates that hydrocarbon intermediates do exist on the reaction coordinate. The near-unity values of the KIEs measured for benzene, tetramethylsilane and mesitylene indicate that the key step in the C-H activation of these substrates is coordination to the metal center, rather than substrate C-H bond scission. An in-depth experimental and theoretical investigation of the activation of toluene reveals that the aryl vs benzyl product distributions are controlled by the relative energetics of substrate coordination in two different fashions to the metal center. In contrast, the aryl regioselectivity is controlled by the relative energies of the aryl products. The product distributions obtained from the activation of other substituted arenes are controlled by these same factors, but with variations that depend on the substrate and the alkylidene complex utilized. The alkylidene systems can potentially be used to convert alkanes into homoallylic alcohols, via the allyl hydride products of C-H activation. Strategies for developing related Cp'M(NO)-based systems (Cp' = Cp or Cp*; M = Mo, W) are also described, along with preliminary investigations into the activation chemistry derived from CpMo(NO)(CD₂CMe₃)₂ and Cp*W(NO)(CH₂CMe₃)(η³-l,l-Me₂-C₃H₃).
A Catalog of Short Period Spectroscopic and Eclipsing Binaries Identified from the LAMOST & PTF Surveys
Creators: name: Yang, Fan
name: Long, Richard J.
name: Shan, Su-Su
name: Zhang, Bo
name: Guo, Rui
name: Bai, Yu
name: Bai, ZhongRui
name: Cui, KaiMing
name: Wang, Song
name: Liu, Ji-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Binaries play key roles in determining stellar parameters and exploring stellar evolution models. We build a catalog of 88 eclipsing binaries with spectroscopic information, taking advantage of observations from both the Large Sky Area Multi-Object fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) and the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) surveys. A software pipeline is constructed to identify binary candidates by examining their light curves. The orbital periods of binaries are derived from the Lomb-Scargle method. The key distinguishing features of eclipsing binaries are recognized by a new filter \textit{Flat Test}. We classify the eclipsing binaries by applying Fourier analysis on the light curves. Among all the binary stars, 13 binaries are identified as eclipsing binaries for the first time. The catalog contains information: position, primary eclipsing magnitude and time, eclipsing depth, the number of photometry and radial velocity observations, largest radial velocity difference, binary type, the effective temperature of observable star $T_{\rm eff}$, and surface gravity of observable star log \emph{g}. The false-positive probability is calculated by using both a Monte Carlo simulation and real data from the SDSS Stripe 82 Standard Catalog. The binaries in the catalog are mostly with a period of less than one day. The period distribution shows a 0.22-day cut-off which is consistent with the low probability of an eclipsing binary rotating with such a period.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures, In Press (accepted by ApJS)
TOURNAMENTS, RISK PERCEPTIONS, AND FAIRNESS
Creators: name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Roe, Brian E.
name: Wu, Steven Y.
name: Roe, Brian E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: This paper reports the results of an economic experiment investigating human subjects' preferences for two types of contracts tournaments and fixed performance standard contracts. Willingness to pay data was elicited through an auction and results suggest that subjects prefer fixed performance standard contracts to tournaments. Primary drivers of this result appear to be subjects' perceptions that tournaments are more risky and less fair than fixed performance standard contracts. Surprisingly, measures of the relative profitability of the contracts did not correlate with willingness to pay. Our results can shed light on why agricultural producers express frustration over tournaments and can provide insights on contract and policy design.