cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Noise Effects on birhythmic Josephson Junction coupled to a Resonator
Creators: name: Yamapi, R.
name: Filatrella, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of noise on a Josephson junction that, coupled to a linear $RLC$ resonator, can oscillate at two frequencies. To establish the global stability of the attractors, we estimate the position of the separatrix, an essential information to establish the stability of the attractor for this multidimensional system, from the analysis of the mean first passage time. We find that the frequency locked to the resonator is most stable at low bias, and less stable at high bias, where the resonator exhibits the largest oscillations. The change in the birhythmic region is dramatic, for the effective barrier changes of an order of magnitude and the corresponding lifetime of about seven decades.
Accelerating hydrodynamic simulations of urban drainage systems with physics-guided machine learning
Creators: name: Palmitessa, Rocco
name: Grum, Morten
name: Engsig-Karup, Allan Peter
name: Löwe, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose and demonstrate a new approach for fast and accurate surrogate modelling of urban drainage system hydraulics based on physics-guided machine learning. The surrogates are trained against a limited set of simulation results from a hydrodynamic (HiFi) model. Our approach reduces simulation times by one to two orders of magnitude compared to a HiFi model. It is thus slower than e.g. conceptual hydrological models, but it enables simulations of water levels, flows and surcharges in all nodes and links of a drainage network and thus largely preserves the level of detail provided by HiFi models. Comparing time series simulated by the surrogate and the HiFi model, R2 values in the order of 0.9 are achieved. Surrogate training times are currently in the order of one hour. However, they can likely be reduced through the application of transfer learning and graph neural networks. Our surrogate approach will be useful for interactive workshops in initial design phases of urban drainage systems, as well as for real time applications. In addition, our model formulation is generic and future research should investigate its application for simulating other water systems.
Testing for foreground residuals in the Planck foreground cleaned maps: A new method for designing confidence masks
Creators: name: Axelsson, M.
name: Ihle, H. T.
name: Scodeller, S.
name: Hansen, F. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test for foreground residuals in the foreground cleaned Planck Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) maps outside and inside U73 mask commonly used for cosmological analysis. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new method to validate masks by looking at the differences in cleaned maps obtained by different component separation methods. By analyzing the power spectrum as well as the mean, variance and skewness of needlet coefficients on bands outside and inside the U73 mask we first confirm that the pixels already masked by U73 are highly contaminated and cannot be used for cosmological analysis. We further find that the U73 mask needs extension in order to reduce large scale foreground residuals to a level of less than $20\%$ of the standard deviation of CMB fluctuations within the bands closest to the galactic equator. We also find 276 point sources in the cleaned foreground maps which are currently not masked by the U73 mask. Our final publicly available extended mask leaves $65.9\%$ of the sky for cosmological analysis. Note that this extended mask may be important for analyses on local sky patches; in full sky analyses the additional residuals near the galactic equator may average out.
description: Submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics
HIV Incidence among Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies
Creators: name: Cohen, Myron S.
name: Peng, Rui-Rui
name: Wang, Baoxi
name: Chen, Xiang-Sheng
name: Li, Hong-Min
name: Li, Jing
name: Yin, Yue-Ping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) have now become one of the priority populations for prevention and control of HIV pandemic in China. Information of HIV incidence among MSM is important to describe the spreading of the infection and predict its trends in this population. We reviewed the published literature on the incidence of HIV infection among MSM in China.MethodsWe identified relevant studies by use of a comprehensive strategy including searches of Medline and two Chinese electronic publication databases from January 2005 to September 2010. Point estimate of random effects incidence with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HIV infection was carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Subgroup analyses were examined separately, stratified by study design and geographic location.ResultsTwelve studies were identified, including three cohort studies and nine cross-sectional studies. The subgroup analyses revealed that the sub-overall incidence estimates were 3.5% (95% CI, 1.7%–5.3%) and 6.7% (95% CI, 4.8%–8.6%) for cohort and cross-sectional studies, respectively (difference between the sub-overalls, Q = 5.54, p = 0.02); and 8.3% (95% CI, 6.9%–9.7%) and 4.6% (95% CI, 2.4%–6.9%) for studies in Chongqing and other areas, respectively (difference between the sub-overalls, Q = 7.58, p<0.01). Syphilis infection (RR = 3.33, p<0.001), multiple sex partnerships (RR = 2.81, p<0.001), and unprotected receptive anal intercourse in the past six months (RR = 3.88, p = 0.007) represented significant risk for HIV seroconversion.ConclusionsFindings from this meta-analysis indicate that HIV incidence is substantial in MSM in China. High incidence of HIV infection and unique patterns of sexual risk behaviors in this population serve as a call for action that should be answered with the innovative social and public health intervention strategies, and development of biological prevention strategies.
Identification and Replication of Loci Involved in Camptothecin-Induced Cytotoxicity Using CEPH Pedigrees
Creators: name: McLeod, Howard L.
name: Comins, Daniel L.
name: Peters, Eric J.
name: Hardison, Nicholas E.
name: Everitt, Lorraine
name: Havener, Tammy M.
name: Watson, Venita Gresham
name: Auman, James Todd
name: Motsinger-Reif, Alison
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: To date, the Centre d'Etude Polymorphism Humain (CEPH) cell line model has only been used as a pharmacogenomic tool to evaluate which genes are responsible for the disparity in response to a single drug. The purpose of this study was demonstrate the model's ability to establish a specific pattern of quantitative trait loci (QTL) related to a shared mechanism for multiple structurally related drugs, the camptothecins, which are Topoisomerase 1 inhibitors. A simultaneous screen of six camptothecin analogues for in vitro sensitivity in the CEPH cell lines resulted in cytotoxicity profiles and orders of potency which were in agreement with the literature. For all camptothecins studied, heritability estimates for cytotoxic response averaged 23.1±2.6%. Nonparametric linkage analysis was used to identify a relationship between genetic markers and response to the camptothecins. Ten QTLs on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 16 and 20 were identified as shared by all six camptothecin analogues. In a separate validation experiment, nine of the ten QTLs were replicated at the significant and suggestive levels using three additional camptothecin analogues. To further refine this list of QTLs, another validation study was undertaken and seven of the nine QTLs were independently replicated for all nine camptothecin analogues. This is the first study using the CEPH cell lines that demonstrates that a specific pattern of QTLs could be established for a class of drugs which share a mechanism of action. Moreover, it is the first study to report replication of linkage results for drug-induced cytotoxicity using this model. The QTLs, which have been identified as shared by all camptothecins and replicated across multiple datasets, are of considerable interest; they harbor genes related to the shared mechanism of action for the camptothecins, which are responsible for variation in response.
Evaluating the recording system for high- and low-density stone artefact occurrences in Victoria, Australia: A stone artefact analysis perspective
Creators: name: Spry, Caroline
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: This chapter includes an appendix: Recording guidelines for Low Density Artefact Distributions [and was] reproduced with permission of Kellie Clayton, Office of Aboriginal Affairs Victoria.

Archaeology Program, La Trobe University
Identification of Lysine 37 of Histone H2B as a Novel Site of Methylation
Creators: name: Gardner, Kathryn E.
name: Parra, Michael A.
name: Zhou, Li
name: Chen, Xian
name: Strahl, Brian D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Recent technological advancements have allowed for highly-sophisticated mass spectrometry-based studies of the histone code, which predicts that combinations of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histone proteins result in defined biological outcomes mediated by effector proteins that recognize such marks. While significant progress has been made in the identification and characterization of histone PTMs, a full appreciation of the complexity of the histone code will require a complete understanding of all the modifications that putatively contribute to it. Here, using the top-down mass spectrometry approach for identifying PTMs on full-length histones, we report that lysine 37 of histone H2B is dimethylated in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By generating a modification-specific antibody and yeast strains that harbor mutations in the putative site of methylation, we provide evidence that this mark exist in vivo. Importantly, we show that this lysine residue is highly conserved through evolution, and provide evidence that this methylation event also occurs in higher eukaryotes. By identifying a novel site of histone methylation, this study adds to our overall understanding of the complex number of histone modifications that contribute to chromatin function.
Pew Research Center Poll: September 2012 Political Survey
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Thoughts toward presidential election (1); following candidate news (1); voter registration (2); voter participation (3); following government news (1); presidential candidate preferences (2); strength of candidate support (3); nature of vote (2); reasons for candidate preference (3); frequency of voting (1); voting location (1); voter identification (3); expected election outcome (1); importance of election (1); importance of various election issues (12); favorability of political parties (2); favorability of various politicians (8); descriptions of candidates (14); better candidate to handle various issues (8); feelings elicited by candidates (8); Barack Obama as too liberal (1); Mitt Romney as too conservative (1); economic rating (1); future economic conditions (1); economic recovery (1); personal financial situation (2); most important economic issue (1); confidence in candidates to fix economy (1); preferred government size (2); best way to reduce deficit (1); more worrisome candidate drawback (1).
IL-4 Amplifies the Pro-Inflammatory Effect of Adenosine in Human Mast Cells by Changing Expression Levels of Adenosine Receptors
Creators: name: Patel, Janki Y.
name: Naselsky, Warren C.
name: Tilley, Stephen L.
name: Chason, Kelly D.
name: Hua, Xiaoyang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Adenosine inhalation produces immediate bronchoconstriction in asthmatics but not in normal subjects. The bronchospastic effect of adenosine is largely mediated through adenosine-induced mast cell activation, the mechanism of which is poorly understood due to limitations in culturing human primary mast cells. Here, we show that human umbilical cord blood -derived mast cells incubated with the Th2 cytokine IL-4 develop increased sensitivity to adenosine. Potentiation of anti-IgE- induced and calcium ionophore/PMA-induced degranulation was augmented in mast cells cultured with IL-4, and this effect was reduced or abolished by pre-treatment with A2BsiRNA and selective A2B receptor antagonists, respectively. IL-4 incubation resulted in the increased expression of A2B and reduced expression of A2A adenosine receptors on human mast cells. These results suggest that Th2 cytokines in the asthmatic lung may alter adenosine receptor expression on airway mast cells to promote increased responsiveness to adenosine.
Spectral self-action of THz emission from ionizing two-color laser pulses in gases
Creators: name: Cabrera-Granado, Eduardo
name: Chen, Yxing
name: Babushkin, Ihar
name: Bergé, Luc
name: Skupin, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of terahertz (THz) emission in gases via ionizing two-color femtosecond pulses is analyzed by means of a semi-analytic model and finite-difference-time-domain simulations in 1D and 2D geometries. We show that produced THz signals interact with free electron trajectories and thus influence significantly further THz generation upon propagation, i.e., make the process inherently nonlocal. This self-action plays a key role in the observed strong spectral broadening of the generated THz field. Diffraction limits the achievable THz bandwidth by efficiently depleting the low frequency amplitudes in the propagating field.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Pew Research Center: September 2013 Facebook News Survey
Creators: name: Pew Research Center For The People And The Press
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Social networking sites (13); frequency of site usage (13); device ownership (3); sources of information (22); reasons for following news (6); devices you use for Facebook (5); when did you start using Facebook (1); privacy settings (1); friends list (1); reasons for using Facebook (8); feelings about getting news on Facebook (5); feelings about content of people's posts (8); content of news posts (11); surprised by opinions in friends' or family members' posts (1); how often do you promote or engage with Facebook news (10); who do you discuss issues, events, or news with on Facebook (1).
Electrodynamics on extrasolar giant planets
Creators: name: Koskinen, T. T.
name: Yelle, R. V.
name: Lavvas, P.
name: Cho, J. Y-K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strong ionization on close-in extrasolar giant planets suggests that their atmospheres may be affected by ion drag and resistive heating arising from wind-driven electrodynamics. Recent models of ion drag on these planets, however, are based on thermal ionization only and do not include the upper atmosphere above the 1 mbar level. These models are also based on simplified equations of resistive MHD that are not always valid in extrasolar planet atmospheres. We show that photoionization dominates over thermal ionization over much of the dayside atmosphere above the 100 mbar level, creating an upper ionosphere dominated by ionization of H and He and a lower ionosphere dominated by ionization of metals such as Na, K, and Mg. The resulting dayside electron densities on close-in exoplanets are higher than those encountered in any planetary ionosphere of the solar system, and the conductivities are comparable to the chromosphere of the Sun. Based on these results and assumed magnetic fields, we constrain the conductivity regimes on close-in EGPs and use a generalized Ohm's law to study the basic effects of electrodynamics in their atmospheres. We find that ion drag is important above the 10 mbar level where it can also significantly alter the energy balance through resistive heating. Due to frequent collisions of the electrons and ions with the neutral atmosphere, however, ion drag is largely negligible in the lower atmosphere below the 10 mbar level for a reasonable range of planetary magnetic moments [abridged].
description: 16 pages, 22 figures, accepted by ApJ
About Digital Twins, agents, and multiagent systems: a cross-fertilisation journey
Creators: name: Mariani, Stefano
name: Picone, Marco
name: Ricci, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.11; D.2.10; D.2.11

description: Digital Twins (DTs) are rapidly emerging as a fundamental brick of engineering cyber-physical systems, but their notion is still mostly bound to specific business domains (e.g. manufacturing), goals (e.g. product design), or application domains (e.g. the Internet of Things). As such, their value as general purpose engineering abstractions is yet to be fully revealed. In this paper, we relate DTs with agents and multiagent systems, as the latter are arguably the most rich abstractions available for the engineering of complex socio-technical and cyber-physical systems, and the former could both fill in some gaps in agent-oriented engineering and benefit from an agent-oriented interpretation -- in a cross-fertilisation journey.
description: Digital Twin, Agent, Multiagent system, Cyber-physical system;16 pages; accepted and presented at EMAS2022 (workshop of AAMAS: https://emas.in.tu-clausthal.de/2022/#accepted)
Blockchain for Business Process Enactment: A Taxonomy and Systematic Literature Review
Creators: name: Stiehle, Fabian
name: Weber, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Blockchain has been proposed to facilitate the enactment of interorganisational business processes. For such processes, blockchain can guarantee the enforcement of rules and the integrity of execution traces - without the need for a centralised trusted party. However, the enactment of interorganisational processes pose manifold challenges. In this work, we ask what answers the research field offers in response to those challenges. To do so, we conduct a systematic literature review (SLR). As our guiding question, we investigate the guarantees and capabilities of blockchain-based enactment approaches. Based on resulting empirical evidence, we develop a taxonomy for blockchain-based enactment. We find that a wide range of approaches support traceability and correctness; however, research focusing on flexibility and scalability remains nascent. For all challenges, we point towards future research opportunities.
description: Preprint, Accepted at BPM 2022, Blockchain Forum
Immunological and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in the Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes and Coronary Events: MONICA/KORA Augsburg Case-Cohort Study
Creators: name: Meisinger, Christa
name: Koenig, Wolfgang
name: Zierer, Astrid
name: Baumert, Jens
name: Thorand, Barbara
name: Peters, Annette
name: Herder, Christian
name: Chambless, Lloyd
name: Karakas, Mahir
name: Roden, Michael
name: Rathmann, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundThis study compares inflammation-related biomarkers with established cardiometabolic risk factors in the prediction of incident type 2 diabetes and incident coronary events in a prospective case-cohort study within the population-based MONICA/KORA Augsburg cohort.Methods and FindingsAnalyses for type 2 diabetes are based on 436 individuals with and 1410 individuals without incident diabetes. Analyses for coronary events are based on 314 individuals with and 1659 individuals without incident coronary events. Mean follow-up times were almost 11 years. Areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), changes in Akaike's information criterion (ΔAIC), integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification index (NRI) were calculated for different models. A basic model consisting of age, sex and survey predicted type 2 diabetes with an AUC of 0.690. Addition of 13 inflammation-related biomarkers (CRP, IL-6, IL-18, MIF, MCP-1/CCL2, IL-8/CXCL8, IP-10/CXCL10, adiponectin, leptin, RANTES/CCL5, TGF-β1, sE-selectin, sICAM-1; all measured in nonfasting serum) increased the AUC to 0.801, whereas addition of cardiometabolic risk factors (BMI, systolic blood pressure, ratio total/HDL-cholesterol, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, parental diabetes) increased the AUC to 0.803 (ΔAUC [95% CI] 0.111 [0.092–0.149] and 0.113 [0.093–0.149], respectively, compared to the basic model). The combination of all inflammation-related biomarkers and cardiometabolic risk factors yielded a further increase in AUC to 0.847 (ΔAUC [95% CI] 0.044 [0.028–0.066] compared to the cardiometabolic risk model). Corresponding AUCs for incident coronary events were 0.807, 0.825 (ΔAUC [95% CI] 0.018 [0.013–0.038] compared to the basic model), 0.845 (ΔAUC [95% CI] 0.038 [0.028–0.059] compared to the basic model) and 0.851 (ΔAUC [95% CI] 0.006 [0.003–0.021] compared to the cardiometabolic risk model), respectively.ConclusionsInclusion of multiple inflammation-related biomarkers into a basic model and into a model including cardiometabolic risk factors significantly improved the prediction of type 2 diabetes and coronary events, although the improvement was less pronounced for the latter endpoint.
Inerter-based Elastic Metamaterials for Band Gap at Extremely Low Frequency
Creators: name: Jamil, Faisal
name: Chen, Fei
name: Deng, Bolei
name: Parker, Robert G.
name: Wang, Pai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal the unique and fundamental advantage of inerter-based elastic metamaterials by a comparative study among different configurations. When the embedded inerter is connected to the matrix material on both ends, the metamaterial shows definite superiority in forming a band gap in the ultra-low frequency -- equivalently the ultra-long wavelength -- regime, where the unit cell size can be four or more orders of magnitude smaller than the operating wavelength. In addition, our parametric studies in both one and two dimensions pave the way towards designing next-generation metamaterials for structural vibration mitigation.
description: 5 figures
"You Just Assume It Is In There, I Guess": UK Families' Application And Knowledge Of Smart Home Cyber Security
Creators: name: Turner, Sarah
name: Pattnaik, Nandita
name: Nurse, Jason R. C.
name: Li, Shujun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasingly present in many family homes, yet it is unclear precisely how well families understand the cyber security threats and risks of using such devices, and how possible it is for them to educate themselves on these topics. Using a survey of 553 parents and interviews with 25 families in the UK, we find that families do not consider home IoT devices to be significantly different in terms of threats than more traditional home computers, and believe the major risks to be largely mitigated through consumer protection regulation. As a result, parents focus on teaching being careful with devices to prolong device life use, exposing their families to additional security risks and modeling incorrect security behaviors to their children. This is a risk for the present and also one for the future, as children are not taught about the IoT, and appropriate cyber security management of such devices, at school. We go on to suggest that steps must be taken by manufacturers and governments or appropriate trusted institutions to improve the cyber security knowledge and behaviors of both adults and children in relation to the use of home IoT devices.
Investigations of a Holocene floodplain landscape on the Goulburn River valley at Yea: Preliminary results
Creators: name: Lawler, Martin
name: Monk, Rodney
name: Herries, Andy I. R
name: Lise-Pronovost, Agathe
name: Ashton, Rhiannon
name: Terry, Trish
name: Berelov, Ilya
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023

description: Archaeology Program, La Trobe University
On triangle-free graphs that do not contain a subdivision of the complete graph on four vertices as an induced subgraph
Creators: name: Trotignon, Nicolas
name: Vušković, Kristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a decomposition theorem for the class of triangle-free graphs that do not contain a subdivision of the complete graph on four vertices as an induced subgraph. We prove that every graph of girth at least~5 in this class is 3-colorable.
In Vivo Analysis of Conserved C. elegans Tomosyn Domains
Creators: name: Burdina, Anna O.
name: Shtessel, Ludmila
name: Klosterman, Susan M.
name: Richmond, Janet E.
name: Ahmed, Shawn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Neurosecretion is critically dependent on the assembly of a macromolecular complex between the SNARE proteins syntaxin, SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin. Evidence indicates that the binding of tomosyn to syntaxin and SNAP-25 interferes with this assembly, thereby negatively regulating both synaptic transmission and peptide release. Tomosyn has two conserved domains: an N-terminal encompassing multiple WD40 repeats predicted to form two β-propeller structures and a C-terminal SNARE-binding motif. To assess the function of each domain, we performed an in vivo analysis of the N- and C- terminal domains of C. elegans tomosyn (TOM-1) in a tom-1 mutant background. We verified that both truncated TOM-1 constructs were transcribed at levels comparable to rescuing full-length TOM-1, were of the predicted size, and localized to synapses. Unlike full-length TOM-1, expression of the N- or C-terminal domains alone was unable to restore inhibitory control of synaptic transmission in tom-1 mutants. Similarly, co-expression of both domains failed to restore TOM-1 function. In addition, neither the N- nor C-terminal domain inhibited release when expressed in a wild-type background. Based on these results, we conclude that the ability of tomosyn to regulate neurotransmitter release in vivo depends on the physical integrity of the protein, indicating that both N- and C-terminal domains are necessary but not sufficient for effective inhibition of release in vivo.
A deformed IR: a new IR fixed point for four-dimensional holographic theories
Creators: name: Horowitz, Gary T
name: Kolanowski, Maciej
name: Santos, Jorge E
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
AdS-CFT Correspondence
Black Holes

description: Abstract In holography, the IR behavior of a quantum system at nonzero density is described by the near horizon geometry of an extremal charged black hole. It is commonly believed that for systems on S3, this near horizon geometry is AdS2 × S3. We show that this is not the case: generic static, nonspherical perturbations of AdS2 × S3 blow up at the horizon, showing that it is not a stable IR fixed point. We then construct a new near horizon geometry which is invariant under only SO(3) (and not SO(4)) symmetry and show that it is stable to SO(3)-preserving perturbations (but not in general). We also show that an open set of nonextremal, SO(3)-invariant charged black holes develop this new near horizon geometry in the limit T → 0. Our new IR geometry still has AdS2 symmetry, but it is warped over a deformed sphere. We also construct many other near horizon geometries, including some with no rotational symmetries, but expect them all to be unstable IR fixed points.
Increase in Diarrheal Disease Associated with Arsenic Mitigation in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Serre, Marc L.
name: Alam, Yasuyuki Akita Jahangir
name: Emch, Michael
name: Ahmed, Kazi Matin
name: Culligan, Patricia J.
name: Mailloux, Brian J.
name: Knappett, Peter
name: van Geen, Alexander
name: Streatfield, P. Kim
name: Feighery, John
name: Yunus, Mohammad
name: Ferguson, Andrew S.
name: Escamilla, Veronica
name: McKay, Larry D.
name: Wu, Jianyong
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundMillions of households throughout Bangladesh have been exposed to high levels of arsenic (As) causing various deadly diseases by drinking groundwater from shallow tubewells for the past 30 years. Well testing has been the most effective form of mitigation because it has induced massive switching from tubewells that are high (>50 µg/L) in As to neighboring wells that are low in As. A recent study has shown, however, that shallow low-As wells are more likely to be contaminated with the fecal indicator E. coli than shallow high-As wells, suggesting that well switching might lead to an increase in diarrheal disease.MethodsApproximately 60,000 episodes of childhood diarrhea were collected monthly by community health workers between 2000 and 2006 in 142 villages of Matlab, Bangladesh. In this cross-sectional study, associations between childhood diarrhea and As levels in tubewell water were evaluated using logistic regression models.ResultsAdjusting for wealth, population density, and flood control by multivariate logistic regression, the model indicates an 11% (95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 4–19%) increase in the likelihood of diarrhea in children drinking from shallow wells with 10–50 µg/L As compared to shallow wells with >50 µg/L As. The same model indicates a 26% (95%CI: 9–42%) increase in diarrhea for children drinking from shallow wells with ≤10 µg/L As compared to shallow wells with >50 µg/L As.ConclusionChildren drinking water from shallow low As wells had a higher prevalence of diarrhea than children drinking water from high As wells. This suggests that the health benefits of reducing As exposure may to some extent be countered by an increase in childhood diarrhea.
Pew Research Center: April 30-May 3, 2015 Omnibus--New Stories/Baltimore Unrest
Creators: name: Pew Research Center
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: News stories followed closely (5); confidence in police investigation (1); news coverage in Baltimore (2); violence and unrest in Baltimore (1); decision to charge police in death of Freddie Gray (1).
Towards sustainable cleaning-in-place (CIP) in dairy processing: exploring enzyme-based approaches to cleaning in the cheese industry
Creators: name: Pant, Karan J.
name: Cotter, Paul D.
name: Wilkinson, Martin
name: Sheehan, Jeremiah J.
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cleaning-in-place (CIP) is the most commonly used cleaning and sanitation system for processing lines, equipment, and storage facilities such as milk silos in the global dairy processing industry. CIP employs thermal treatments and non-biodegradable chemicals (acids and alkalis), requiring appropriate neutralization before disposal, resulting in sustainability challenges. In addition, biofilms are a major source of contamination and spoilage in dairy industries, and it is believed that current chemical CIP protocols do not entirely destroy biofilms. Use of enzymes as effective agents for CIP and as a more sustainable alternative to chemicals and thermal treatments is gaining interest. Enzymes offer several advantages when used for CIP, such as reduced water usage (less rinsing), lower operating temperatures resulting in energy savings, shorter cleaning times, and lower costs for wastewater treatment. Additionally, they are typically derived from natural sources, are easy to neutralize, and do not produce hazardous waste products. However, even with such advantages, enzymes for CIP within the dairy processing industry remain focused mainly on membrane cleaning. Greater adoption of enzyme-based CIP for cheese industries is projected pending a greater knowledge relating to cost, control of the process (inactivation kinetics), reusability of enzyme solutions, and the potential for residual activity, including possible effects on the subsequent product batches. Such studies are essential for the cheese industry to move toward more energy-efficient and sustainable cleaning solutions.
How broad is a neutrino?
Creators: name: Banks, Hannah
name: Kelly, Kevin J
name: McCullough, Matthew
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
Neutrino Mixing
Non-Standard Neutrino Properties
New Light Particles

description: Abstract Canonical neutrino oscillations arise due to the propagation of three mass eigenstates from production to detection. We aspire to capture, in one simple framework, a broad range of new physics effects on neutrino propagation beyond this canonical picture — this can be done by promoting the neutrino propagators to the general Källén-Lehmann form. In this work we demonstrate how models predicting additional light propagating species of neutrino are naturally accommodated in this language and propose a simple model spectrum composed of just three ‘broadened’ states as a flexible ansatz by which to explore the phenomenology of new physics in neutrino propagation. Reinterpreting existing neutrino oscillation measurements, we illustrate how this framework provides the capacity to probe deviations from the standard three-neutrino scenario systematically and generally. Whilst current data allows for relatively strong constraints on broadened neutrinos, we find the upcoming JUNO experiment will yield significant improvements, particularly for the heaviest neutrino, paving the way to a clearer understanding of how neutrinos propagate in vacuum.
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: June Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--Affordable Care Act/Health Insurance
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Opinion of health reform bill (2); groups affected by health reform law (6); ads about health care law (5); content of health care law ads (3); seeking out additional health care information (1); favorability of various institutions (11); knowledge about health insurance marketplace (1); importance of having health insurance (2); health insurance worth the cost (1); reason for having health insurance (1); wages vs. comprehensive health care (1); personal worries (6); rating overall health insurance coverage (1); adequacy of insurance coverage (1); choice of different insurance plans (2); employer providing better insurance options (1); total cost of insurance policy (3); reason for being uninsured (1); length of being uninsured (1); buying insurance individually (1); pre-existing conditions affecting insurance coverage (5).
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: January Kaiser Health Tracking Poll--Affordable Care Act/Health Insurance
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Opinion of Affordable Care Act (1); actions of ACA opponents (1); groups affected by ACA (5); amount of information about ACA (1); ACA provisions in place (1); family benefitting from ACA (4); family hurt by ACA (4); knowledge about ACA elements (5); media coverage of ACA (1); biased news coverage (1); individual ACA news stories (3); news stories followed closely (8); progress on ACA website (1); change in health care costs (1); importance of having health insurance (1); need for insurance (1); personal insurance coverage (1); source of insurance (3); employees at workplace (1); value of insurance (1); changing insurance (4); time uninsured (1); reason for being uninsured (1); attempting to get insurance (6); required to obtain insurance (1); reasons for staying uninsured (2).
The singularity theorems of General Relativity and their low regularity extensions
Creators: name: Steinbauer, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83C75, 53B30, 83-02

description: On the occasion of Sir Roger Penrose's 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, we review the singularity theorems of General Relativity, as well as their recent extension to Lorentzian metrics of low regularity. The latter is motivated by the quest to explore the nature of the singularities predicted by the classical theorems. Aiming at the more mathematically minded reader, we give a pedagogical introduction to the classical theorems with an emphasis on the analytical side of the arguments. We especially concentrate on focusing results for causal geodesics under appropriate geometric and initial conditions, in the smooth and in the low regularity case. The latter comprise the main technical advance that leads to the proofs of $C^1$-singularity theorems via a regularisation approach that allows to deal with the distributional curvature. We close with an overview on related lines of research and a future outlook.
description: Final Version. Invited Review article for Jahresbericht der Deutschen Mathematiker-Vereinigung, 50 pages
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: February Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Favorability of Affordable Care Act (1); reason for ACA impression (1); Congress reaction to ACA (1); enough information about ACA (1); benefits of ACA (4); drawbacks of ACA (4); long-term ACA effects (2); seeking out more ACA information (1); sources of ACA information (9); contact about ACA (1); media coverage of ACA (2); news stories followed closely (11); knowledge about insurance marketplaces (1); deadline for mandatory health insurance (1); ACA commercials (6); health care costs (1); reasons for rising health care costs (12); health insurance coverage (4); reason for getting health insurance (1); type of insurance coverage (7); trying to obtain insurance coverage (2); cost vs amount of coverage (3).
SIMPEL: Circuit model for photonic spike processing laser neurons
Creators: name: Shastri, Bhavin J.
name: Nahmias, Mitchell A.
name: Tait, Alexander N.
name: Wu, Ben
name: Prucnal, Paul R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an equivalent circuit model for photonic spike processing laser neurons with an embedded saturable absorber---a simulation model for photonic excitable lasers (SIMPEL). We show that by mapping the laser neuron rate equations into a circuit model, SPICE analysis can be used as an efficient and accurate engine for numerical calculations, capable of generalization to a variety of different laser neuron types found in literature. The development of this model parallels the Hodgkin--Huxley model of neuron biophysics, a circuit framework which brought efficiency, modularity, and generalizability to the study of neural dynamics. We employ the model to study various signal-processing effects such as excitability with excitatory and inhibitory pulses, binary all-or-nothing response, and bistable dynamics.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures
Infant Brain Atlases from Neonates to 1- and 2-Year-Olds
Creators: name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Wu, Guorong
name: Gilmore, John H.
name: Lin, Weili
name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Jia, Hongjun
name: Shi, Feng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundStudies for infants are usually hindered by the insufficient image contrast, especially for neonates. Prior knowledge, in the form of atlas, can provide additional guidance for the data processing such as spatial normalization, label propagation, and tissue segmentation. Although it is highly desired, there is currently no such infant atlas which caters for all these applications. The reason may be largely due to the dramatic early brain development, image processing difficulties, and the need of a large sample size.MethodologyTo this end, after several years of subject recruitment and data acquisition, we have collected a unique longitudinal dataset, involving 95 normal infants (56 males and 39 females) with MRI scanned at 3 ages, i.e., neonate, 1-year-old, and 2-year-old. State-of-the-art MR image segmentation and registration techniques were employed, to construct which include the templates (grayscale average images), tissue probability maps (TPMs), and brain parcellation maps (i.e., meaningful anatomical regions of interest) for each age group. In addition, the longitudinal correspondences between age-specific atlases were also obtained. Experiments of typical infant applications validated that the proposed atlas outperformed other atlases and is hence very useful for infant-related studies.ConclusionsWe expect that the proposed infant 0–1–2 brain atlases would be significantly conducive to structural and functional studies of the infant brains. These atlases are publicly available in our website, http://bric.unc.edu/ideagroup/free-softwares/.
New Close Binary Central Stars of Planetary Nebulae from Gaia DR3 Epoch Photometry.
Creators: name: Chornay, Nicholas
name: Walton, Nicholas A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: 340
Stars and Stellar Physics

description: Close binary interactions perform a key role in the formation and shaping of planetary nebulae (PNe). However only a small fraction of Galactic PNe are known to host close binary systems. Many such systems are detectable through photometric variability. We searched recently published epoch photometry data from Gaia DR3 for planetary nebula central stars with periodic photometric variability indicative of binarity, uncovering four previously unknown close binaries.
Neural Control of Discrete Weak Formulations: Galerkin, Least-Squares and Minimal-Residual Methods with Quasi-Optimal Weights
Creators: name: Brevis, Ignacio
name: Muga, Ignacio
name: van der Zee, Kristoffer G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: There is tremendous potential in using neural networks to optimize numerical methods. In this paper, we introduce and analyse a framework for the neural optimization of discrete weak formulations, suitable for finite element methods. The main idea of the framework is to include a neural-network function acting as a control variable in the weak form. Finding the neural control that (quasi-) minimizes a suitable cost (or loss) functional, then yields a numerical approximation with desirable attributes. In particular, the framework allows in a natural way the incorporation of known data of the exact solution, or the incorporation of stabilization mechanisms (e.g., to remove spurious oscillations). The main result of our analysis pertains to the well-posedness and convergence of the associated constrained-optimization problem. In particular, we prove under certain conditions, that the discrete weak forms are stable, and that quasi-minimizing neural controls exist, which converge quasi-optimally. We specialize the analysis results to Galerkin, least-squares and minimal-residual formulations, where the neural-network dependence appears in the form of suitable weights. Elementary numerical experiments support our findings and demonstrate the potential of the framework.
description: 35 pages, 9 figures
Kaiser Family Foundation Poll: March Kaiser Health Tracking Poll
Creators: name: Kaiser Family Foundation
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Favorability of Affordable Care Act (1); reasons for ACA support (2); Congress action on ACA (1); government levels implementing ACA (2); enough information about ACA (1); debate over ACA (1); benefits and drawbacks of ACA (2); contact about ACA (1); conversations about ACA (2); knowledge of ACA provisions (11); mandatory health insurance deadline (1); state expanding Medicaid program (2); health insurance marketplace (1); private health insurance covering birth control (1); favorability of various ACA provisions (9); news stories followed closely (10); media coverage of ACA (2); commercials about ACA (6); period without health insurance (1); reason for getting health insurance (1); where purchased insurance (2); nature of health insurance coverage (4); trying to get health insurance (7); remaining uninsured despite fine (1); pre-existing condition (1).
ДЕТСКИЙ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНЫЙ ПАРАЛИЧ, ПОДХОДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЕ С РЕФЛЕКСОТЕРАПИЕЙ
Creators: name: Садыкова, Г.К.
name: Хаитбаева, Ш.Х.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Было проведено клинико-неврологический обследование и лечение (аурикулотерапия) 50 детей с диагнозом ДЦП (разные формы) в возрасте от 2 до 6 лет. Все дети состояли на учете с диагнозом «G80.0; G80.1; G80.2; G80.3, G80.4, G80.8 ДЦП» в психо-неврологическом больнице им. Курбанова. Средней возраст детей составил 4 года. Отбор детей производился с учетом диагностических критериев детского церебрального паралича по МКБ-10- G80.0(спастический церебральный паралич); G80.1(спастическая диплегия); G80.2(детская гемиплегия); G80.3(дискинетический церебральный паралич), G80.4.(атаксический церебральный паралич); G80.8(другой вид детского церебрального паралича). Все дети получали базисную медикаментозную терапию, массаж и аурикулотерапию (один вид из рефлексотерапии). Аурикулотерапия проводился специальной лечебном камнем прикрепленным на специальному пластырю.