cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Potential cellular and molecular mechanisms for thermosensation by the AFD neuron receptive ending
Creators: name: Zhuang, Zihao
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Adaptation
AFD
C. elegans
Cilia
Thermosensation
Cellular biology
Molecular Biology

description: In C. elegans, thermosensation is a crucial sensory input that contributes to the animal’s overall fitness. As a result, a complex thermosensory system is developed, and is primarily mediated via the single pair of AFD sensory neurons. Here, I investigated the mechanism for AFD neuron to sense and mediate the thermal signals, as well as the adaptation mechanism in AFD neuron to adapt to the environmental temperature. By creating the transgenic worm lines with the fluorescent tagged protein of interests, I was able to visualize and identify the localization of these proteins. Moreover, taking advantage of the genome-wide differential gene expression data in AFD from our lab, I was able to screen and identify genes that are potentially involve in thermosensation and the adaptation process in AFD. Overall, my results confirm the previous studies that the ciliated neuron-receptive ending (NRE) of AFD is crucial for AFD to sense the thermal signal. Furthermore, different compartments of AFD NRE, namely the microvilli and the cilium, both are important regarding thermosensation. Finally, promoter screening indicates multiple genes, with one novel gene, C12D8.15, have temperature-dependent expression pattern, and are potentially involved in the temperature adaptation in AFD. Together, my results confirm the important role of AFD NRE in sensing thermal signals, and provide valid candidate genes to study for the adaptation process happened in AFD.
Atomically resolved phase transition of fullerene cations solvated in helium droplets
Creators: name: Kuhn, M.
name: Renzler, M.
name: Postler, J.
name: Ralser, S.
name: Spieler, S.
name: Simpson, M.
name: Linnartz, H.
name: Tielens, A. G. G. M.
name: Cami, J.
name: Mauracher, A.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Alcami, M.
name: Martin, F.
name: Beyer, M. K.
name: Wester, R.
name: Lindinger, A.
name: Scheier, P.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic and molecular
subject: interactions with photons
subject: Phase transitions and critical
subject: phenomena
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Helium has a unique phase diagram and below 25 bar it does not form a solid even at the lowest temperatures. Electrostriction leads to the formation of a solid layer of helium around charged impurities at much lower pressures in liquid and superfluid helium. These so-called ‘Atkins snowballs’ have been investigated for several simple ions. Here we form HenC60+ complexes with n exceeding 100 via electron ionization of helium nanodroplets doped with C60. Photofragmentation of these complexes is measured by merging a tunable narrow- bandwidth laser beam with the ions. A switch from red- to blueshift of the absorption frequency of HenC60+ on addition of He atoms at n=32 is associated with a phase transition in the attached helium layer from solid to partly liquid (melting of the Atkins snowball). Elaborate molecular dynamics simulations using a realistic force field and including quantum effects support this interpretation.
The effects of a relaxation/stress control program on elementary school children.
Creators: name: Cox, Jennifer L.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Education, Physical.

description: The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a ten week relaxation/stress control program for elementary school children. Two hundred and eighty children from kindergarten to grade six were involved in the study. Various stress control techniques were taught as well as ways to apply the techniques in the children's daily lives. Significant effects were found in the experimental group with respect to the children's capacity to lower their heart rates, across the school overall. Children in the experimental group also successfully utilized the relaxation/stress control skills in a variety of settings to help reduce stress in their daily lives. The results of this study were encouraging, especially with respect to children's capacities to learn and apply relaxation/stress control skills in their daily lives both inside and outside of school.
Intrapleural Dornase and Tissue Plasminogen Activator in pediatric empyema (DTPA): a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Livingston, Michael H
name: Mahant, Sanjay
name: Ratjen, Felix
name: Connolly, Bairbre L
name: Thorpe, Kevin
name: Mamdani, Muhammad
name: Maclusky, Ian
name: Laberge, Sophie
name: Giglia, Lucy
name: Walton, J. M
name: Yang, Connie L
name: Roberts, Ashley
name: Shawyer, Anna C
name: Brindle, Mary
name: Parsons, Simon J
name: Stoian, Cristina A
name: Cohen, Eyal
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2018

description: Background: A randomized controlled trial of adults with empyema recently demonstrated decreased length of stay in hospital in patients treated with intrapleurally administered dornase alfa and fibrinolytics compared to fibrinolytics alone. Whether this treatment strategy is safe and effective in children remains unknown. Methods/design: This study protocol is for a superiority, placebo-controlled, parallel-design, multicenter randomized controlled trial. The participants are previously well children admitted to a children’s hospital with a diagnosis of empyema requiring chest tube insertion and fibrinolytics administered intrapleurally. Children will be randomized after the treating physician has decided that pleural drainage is required but prior to chest tube insertion. After chest tube insertion, participants in the treatment group will receive intrapleurally administered tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) 4 mg followed by dornase alfa 5 mg. Participants in the placebo group will receive tPA 4 mg followed by normal saline. Study treatments will be administered once daily for 3 days. All participants, parents or caregivers, clinicians, and research personnel will remain blinded. The primary outcome is length of stay from chest tube insertion to discharge from hospital. Secondary outcomes include time to meeting discharge criteria, chest tube duration, fever duration, need for additional procedures, adverse events, hospital readmission, cost of hospitalization, and mortality. Discussion: This multicenter randomized controlled trial will assess the safety, effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness of combined treatment with dornase alfa and fibrinolytics compared to fibrinolytics alone for the treatment of empyema in children. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01717742 . Registered on 8 October 2012.
The George W. Bush Administration's Detention Policy at Guantanamo Bay: Habeas Corpus, Presidential Power, and the Legal Tug-of-War Between the Judiciary and the Executive
Creators: name: Gray, Caleb Solomon
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Guantanamo Bay
Habeas Corpus
War on Terror
Executive Power
Wartime Power
Separation of Powers
Due Process
Executive Branch
Judicial or Law Administration
Legal Procedure
Terrorism
United States

description: After the shocking 9/11 attacks, George W. Bush and his administration launched the Global War on Terror, which put the United States at odds with international jihadist terrorists. A key part in the War on Terror was the creation of the Guantanamo Bay Detention Center, which ended up housing close to eight hundred suspected terrorists. The Bush administration made the decision to prosecute the Guantanamo detainees using military commissions rather than putting them in the civilian court system. Why did it decide to do this? Through collecting, surveying, and analyzing literature, an answer became clear. The Bush administration attempted to use Guantanamo Bay as a way to deny habeas corpus and due process rights from the captured detainees. It also used the overarching War on Terror as a tool to attempt to consolidate power in the executive branch and push back against limitations on presidential authority. This project analyzes numerous key themes in the American legal and political system, such as wartime political powers, habeas corpus rights for foreign detainees, and the principle of separation of powers. It uses the legal battle between the judiciary and executive branches over the rights of the Guantanamo Bay detainees to draw conclusions on the overreach of presidential power and the judicial branch’s ability to check it.
The Teletai and Orgia of the Mother of the Gods in Classical Greece
Creators: name: McDaniel, Spencer A.
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2024
Subjects: ancient mystery cults
Classical Greece
Greek literature
Greek religion
Kybele
Phrygia
Classical literature

description: This thesis will address four main research questions. Chapter one will address how the nature of the ancient evidence and the history of modern scholarship on the Mother’s cult create problems for understanding her teletai and orgia in Classical Greece, arguing that four major factors (the relative dearth of evidence from the Classical Period in comparison to later periods, the influence of Bachofen’s hypothesis of primitive matriarchy, Orientalism, and cisnormative assumptions about gender) have led much previous scholarship on this topic astray.
description: Chapter two will discuss what the evidence from the Archaic and early Classical Periods up to around 440 BCE reveals about the early history of the rites, arguing that, although evidence from this period is limited, it does suggest that the Mother may have been honored through rites involving raucous music, ecstatic dancing, and purported divine possession by the sixth century BCE and that she was certainly honored through such rites by the early-to-mid fifth century BCE at the latest.
description: Chapter three will address what sources from the later Classical Period that are sympathetic or at least not overtly hostile to the rites reveal about how sympathetic Greeks during this time may have viewed them and what aspects of them they may have found appealing. It will argue that the rites’ alleged capacity for psychological and physiological healing, their reputation for being a transformative spiritual experience, and their purported exoticness are significant factors in positive Greek representations of them and that additional factors, such as the fact that they centered around a powerful female goddess and the potential for women in particular to attain positions of status and authority within the cult, may have made them especially appealing to Greek women.
description: Finally, chapter four will address how hostile and polemical sources from the later Classical Period discuss the Mother’s rites in the context of broader Greek ideas about gender and ethnicity and use them to advance their own rhetorical purposes. This chapter will argue that authors hostile to the cult associate individuals and groups whom they perceive or seek to portray as undesirable with the rites in order to link them with inappropriate (from their perspective) gender or sexual behavior and/or foreignness. It will also observe a trend of apparent growing hostility to the rites in the extant sources over the course of the later Classical Period.
description: Key words:Classical Greece; Greek religion; Greek literature; Kybele; Phrygia; ancient mystery cults; ritual practices; ancient Greek gender; ancient ethnicity
L'expérience des mères justiciables : leurs perceptions de leur rôle de mère lors de l'incarcération et du retour en communauté.
Creators: name: Fournier, Julie Jacqueline.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Women's Studies.

description: La population carcérale des femmes pose un défi significatif au Service Correctonnel du Canada (SCC). Entre autres, les conséquences de l'incarcération ont des effets différents pour les femmes et les hommes; le système de justice pénale ne reconnait pas facilement les particularités de cette situation. De fait, cette question de la gestion des détenues se complique davantage lorsque l'on considère qu'une forte proportion de cette population est mère de famille et souvent, monoparentale. Quels sont les enjeux pour ces mères justiciables condamnées à une sentence d'incarcération? Ce projet de recherche se penche sur cette problématique et examine comment ces mères vivent le fait d'être séparées de leurs enfants mais aussi, à quel point elles sont déchues en tant que personnes responsables de leurs enfants. Nous avons choisi de traiter de cette question en procédant à des entrevues rétrospectives non-directives. L'échantillon est composé de mères criminalisées provenant de trois provinces: l'Ontario, le Québec et l'Alberta. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Finite element analysis of adhesively bonded wide area lap shear joints
Creators: name: Mohapatra, Preetam Chandan
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Adhesive joints
adhesive--shear--Figure--joints--thickness--bondline--'lap shear'--strain

description: Investigation of failure criteria for the adhesive joints has been the focus of the research community for decades. The lap shear joint is the most widely used configuration in industrial applications. Adhesive failure has been addressed by different research groups with the use of various failure criteria, depending on their analysis approach. No universally accepted failure criterion has been established yet to predict the exact failure strength of the adhesive joints. In this study, finite element analysis (FEA) was incorporated to investigate different limit failure criteria to predict the bond strength of the wide area lap shear (WALS) joints. Aluminum adherends were bonded with two types of adhesives, i.e. a ductile and a brittle adhesive. Tensile adhesive material properties were required to define the input material model for the adhesive in the FEA of the WALS models. However, only adhesive shear material properties were available from the experiment. Therefore, FEA of the thick adherend lap shear specimen was carried out along with a back substitution-iteration approach to extract the tensile adhesive material properties from the available experimental shear stress-strain response. Stress and strain based various limit criteria were analyzed to compare the FEA results with the experimental observations. Peak values of plastic shear strain, plastic peel strain, maximum plastic shear strain, shear stress, peel stress and maximum shear stress were studied to determine a failure criterion for predicting the joint strength. Shear stress and shear strain based criteria were in fair agreement with experiment in predicting an optimal bondline thickness. However, shear strain was preferred to shear stress, since shear stress was less sensitive to the failure load in the adhesive material model. Peak plastic shear strain was ascertained to be a reasonable failure criterion for this study. With the use of the peak plastic shear strain criterion, an optimal bondline thickness was noticed to occur in the range of 0.003 - 0.005 inch for the ductile adhesive. The range of the optimal thickness for the brittle adhesive was 0.006 - 0.009 inch. The joint strength of the WALS specimens was shown to decrease with an increase in bondline thickness. The gage sections of the lap shear joints were tailored to study the effect of thickness variation along the overlap length on joint strength. Three different geometrical configurations, i.e. concave, convex and tapered, were considered for the tailored profiles. Finite element analysis showed better agreement with the experimental observations for the ductile adhesive than that for the brittle adhesive. For the brittle adhesive, FEA results were more sensitive to the uniform bondline thicknesses and the tailored profiles than the experimental trend.
Disadvantaged and Orphaned Jewish Children in Palestine, 1881-1939
Creators: name: Spira, Karen
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Palestine
Child Welfare
Children & Youth
Israel
Jewish History

description: The development of child welfare systems in the Yishuv (lit. settlement; communities of Jewish residents of Palestine) is an overlooked, yet foundational part of the story of the Jews in Palestine and the establishment of the State of Israel. The thought, flexibility, and responsiveness put into the rescue, care, education, and training of thousands of Jewish children before the rise of Nazi Germany—and then tens of thousands of children thereafter—was the basis of not only those child welfare systems but also of social services in the future State of Israel. While much of Jewish and Zionist leadership focused on diplomatic, political, and military wins, social workers, teachers, and nurses were raising the children of the newly declared Jewish national home under British colonial rule in Palestine and thus the Jewish national home itself. This dissertation reveals how the health, well-being, and success of Palestine’s Jewish children reflected the health and success of the Jewish national home in Mandatory Palestine and increasing aspirations for statehood, wherein the survival of each Jewish child represented the literal and symbolic survival of the Jewish people. To save one child became synecdochally integral to saving a whole nation. Moreover, the child-saving project took on such importance through its integration and entanglement with the existential crises of the day: the Zionist movement to settle Jews in the Holy Land; the efforts to rescue Jewish war orphans from antisemitic violence plaguing Europe and the Russian Empire; the flight of Jewish children and families from North African and Western Asian communities from poverty and oppression; and the influx of disadvantaged and orphaned Jewish children who lost their father or both parents to the effects of war—violence, poverty, and disease—in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. By seeking to understand the practical expressions of ideals, values, and norms in the social constructions of the child, childhood, and orphanhood, this study reveals the distinctive ways in which the case of Jewish Palestine bucked the trends of the time and challenged fundamental, accepted views of the “best” way to raise children under institutional care.
Interpersonal functioning and depression: Reassurance seeking, negative self-verification, and the integration of sociotropic and autonomous personality styles.
Creators: name: Varshney, Nicole M.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Psychology, Clinical.

description: Coyne's (1976a) interpersonal theory outlines a negative cycle of interactions wherein rejection by relationship partners may exacerbate depressive symptoms. Reassurance-seeking and negative self-verification are two theoretically based moderators of the rejection-depression relationship. Sociotropy and autonomy are two personality styles believed to influence individuals' perceptions of social interactions and interpersonal functioning. In this thesis, I attempted to expand on interpersonal theory and to integrate personality styles with interpersonal variables related to depression. An online community sample of 135 married or cohabiting couples completed a series of measures that assessed depression, interpersonal behaviours, and personality styles. Depression was measured again 3 months later in 78 couples. For husbands, high levels of rejection were always associated with increased depression over time, except when husbands sought neither reassurance nor negative self-verification. This suggests that husbands are generally vulnerable to wives' rejection, except for those who limit communication. This finding was discussed in terms of the demand-withdraw cycle described in marital research. In addition, increased depression was associated with a combination of high levels of reassurance-seeking, negative self-verification, and rejection, consistent with previous research. However, unexpectedly, the highest increase in depression was associated with high levels of reassurance-seeking and rejection, but low negative self-verification. Sample differences in relationship duration may explain this finding. For wives, rejection was associated with increased depression only when they sought reassurance. Furthermore, wives who sought reassurance and were not rejected actually became less depressed. The positive role of support-seeking was discussed. Testing the integrated theory revealed that the association between sociotropy and depression, in both husbands and wives, was mediated by the combination of reassurance-seeking and rejection. This finding is consistent with Coyne's original interpersonal description of depression and accounts for past research showing an inconsistent relationship between sociotropy and depression. Furthermore, reassurance-seeking in the absence of rejection resulted in reduced change in depression. In contrast, autonomy was not related to interpersonal variables, in both husbands and wives. Exploratory analyses for husbands revealed that the relationship between autonomy and depression is complex. Finally, this thesis supports the use of internet studies for couples research. Evidence was provided to suggest that the Internet is a viable medium for conducting psychological research.
Controlled nanocrystallites growth of plasma-treated Cu sheets
Creators: name: Al-Sawafi, A. M. S. M.
name: Lim, T. M.
name: Yek, P. N. Y.
name: bin Julaihi, M. R. M.
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Controlling the growth size of nanocrystallites (NCs) has been a big challenge for previous researchers due to unpredictable growing rate and shape obtained during the synthesis. This paper demonstrates an efficient way to control the growth of copper (Cu) NCs using a combination of solution plasma, sunlight and water. The NCs are synthesized by using solution plasma method which has a lot of advantages in controlling NC growth sites. The material used in this paper is Cu sheet due to its antibacterial properties, high electrical and heat conductivity, and low cost. This method is followed by immersing the plasma treated Cu sheets in distilled water and exposing it to sunlight. This method is also known as submerged photosynthesis of crystallites (SPSC), which is a low-temperature and surfactant technique used for NCs fabrication. The photosynthesis-like method is used to allow for NCs growth. The NCs growth size and shape was observed using SEM and ImageJ software. The NCs shapes can be analyzed by observing the antibacterial properties of NCs which is related to the small size of the NCs. The beneficial outcomes of Cu NC shape with antibacterial properties are expected, which can be used in various applications without causing any environmental impact. In addition, using a combination of solution plasma and sunlight exposure, we demonstrated an easy and fast synthesis method to develop Cu NCs economically.
Cancer burden in low-income and middle-income countries
Creators: name: Asirwa, Chite
name: Mungo, Chemtai
name: Grover, Surbhi
name: Anandasabapathy, Sharmila
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description: As cancer detection rates and therapy successes increase in high-income countries, it is predicted that over the next decade more than 75% of cancer-related deaths will occur in low-income and middle-income countries. Sub-Saharan Africa, which contains many of these countries, is currently unprepared with inadequate screening and detection methods, treatment and palliative care capacity. In this Viewpoint, we asked experts to discuss this burden and what is needed to alleviate it.
Intensivierte Hämodialyseverfahren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Creators: name: Thumfart, Julia
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Intensified dialysis
subject: Nocturnal dialysis
subject: Children
subject: Daily dialysis
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Bei erwachsenen Patient*innen stellen intensivierte HD-Verfahren eine Option dar, die Morbidität und Lebensqualität der Betroffenen zu verbessern. Um zu untersuchen, ob diese positiven Effekte auch bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zu beobachten sind, wurde ein nächtliches intermittierendes HD-Programm als prospektive Beobachtungsstudie initiiert. Es wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss die nächtlich intermittierende HD auf Urämie-assoziierte Parameter, auf die Medikamentenmenge und auf die Lebensqualität der Betroffenen im Vergleich zur konventionellen HD und zur PD hat. Des Weiteren wurde versucht, ob die nächtliche intermittierende HDF gegenüber der nächtlich intermittierenden HD die Dialysequalität weiter verbessert. Um zu analysieren, in wieweit intensivierte HD-Verfahren bereits im klinischen Alltag sowohl bei Kindern und Jugendlichen als auch bei Erwachsenen eingesetzt werden, und welche Einstellung die Behandler gegenüber diesen Verfahren haben, wurden Umfragen unter Erwachsenennephrolog*innen und Kindernephrolog*innen durchgeführt.
title: Dictée vocale en écriture, quels effets sur la perception de compétence et de contrôlabilité ?
title: Dictée vocale en écriture, quels effets sur la perception de compétence et de contrôlabilité ?
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Delefortrie, Morgane
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 0
Subjects: subject: motivation
subject: compétence
subject: contrôlabilité
subject: MITIC
subject: dictée vocale
subject: enseignement explicite

description: Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) sont de plus en plus présentes dans notre société. C’est pourquoi il est important de les utiliser dans les programmes d’enseignement. De plus, certains auteurs relèvent que cela peut être une source de motivation à apprendre pour les élèves ayant des troubles d’apprentissage. Dans ce mémoire, j’ai cherché à vérifier cette affirmation. Plus spécifiquement, j’ai voulu savoir en quoi l’utilisation maitrisée par l’élève de la dictée vocale, lors de la rédaction d’un texte sur un ordinateur au moyen du traitement de texte Pages, a un impact sur sa perception de compétence et sur sa perception de la contrôlabilité dans cette tâche. Dans une visée compréhensive, je me suis basée sur la théorie de la dynamique motivationnelle développée par Viau (2009). D’après lui, les sources de cette dynamique proviennent des différentes perceptions que peut avoir un élève. Nous en avons trois qui sont : la perception de la compétence à accomplir l’activité, la perception de la contrôlabilité sur le déroulement et la perception de la valeur d’une activité. Mais pour ce mémoire, j’ai décidé de ne pas tenir compte de la dernière. J’ai donc fait une étude de cas en me concentrant sur trois élèves. Mon intervention s’est déroulée en quatre temps: 1) écriture sans outils, 2) écriture avec la dictée vocale, 3) temps d’enseignement explicite de l’utilisation de la dictée vocale et 4) écriture avec ou sans la dictée vocale. A chaque fois, j’ai passé un questionnaire auprès des élèves et rempli une grille d’observations. Mes résultats interrogent l’enseignement unique de l’utilisation de l’outil. Une nouvelle perspective pourrait être de se concentrer également sur les apprentissages liés à la tâche d’écriture.
Baroreceptor influence on post-exercise warm thermal response thresholds.
Creators: name: Jackson, Dwayne N.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Biology, Animal Physiology.

description: The role of baroreceptor modulation on the post-exercise esophageal temperature threshold for cutaneous vasodilation (ThVD) and sweating (Th SW) was investigated. Six subjects were randomly exposed to lower body positive pressure (LBPP) and to no lower body positive pressure (NoLBPP) following a No-Exercise (NoEx) and Exercise (Ex) treatment protocol. The Exercise treatment consisted of 15 min of cycling at 70% VO2max and the No-Exercise treatment consisted of 15 min upright resting. Immediately following either treatment, subjects were positioned within a LBPP box after which a whole body water perfused suit was used to regulate mean skin temperature to assess ThVD and ThSW. ThVD increased 0.34°C post-exercise from the NoEx/NoLBPP condition to the Ex/NoLBPP condition (P < 0.05). However, the post-exercise increase in ThVD was abolished in the Ex/LBPP condition. No differences in ThSW were measured among the 4 conditions. These data support the hypothesis that the observed elevated post-exercise ThVD is the result of baroreceptor unloading. The similarity in threshold responses for sweating onset suggests that the post-exercise ThSW is not sensitive to baroreceptor loading or unloading.
title: Type 2 Diabetes Research Yield, 1951-2012
title: Bibliometrics Analysis and Density-Equalizing Mapping
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Geaney, Fiona
name: Scutaru, Cristian
name: Kelly, Clare
name: Glynn, Ronan W.
name: Perry, Ivan J.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: The objective of this paper is to provide a detailed evaluation of type 2 diabetes mellitus research output from 1951-2012, using large-scale data analysis, bibliometric indicators and density-equalizing mapping. Data were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded database, one of the seven curated databases within Web of Science. Using Boolean operators "OR", "AND" and "NOT", a search strategy was developed to estimate the total number of published items. Only studies with an English abstract were eligible. Type 1 diabetes and gestational diabetes items were excluded. Specific software developed for the database analysed the data. Information including titles, authors’ affiliations and publication years were extracted from all files and exported to excel. Density-equalizing mapping was conducted as described by Groenberg-Kloft et al, 2008. A total of 24,783 items were published and cited 476,002 times. The greatest number of outputs were published in 2010 (n=2,139). The United States contributed 28.8% to the overall output, followed by the United Kingdom (8.2%) and Japan (7.7%). Bilateral cooperation was most common between the United States and United Kingdom (n=237). Harvard University produced 2% of all publications, followed by the University of California (1.1%). The leading journals were Diabetes, Diabetologia and Diabetes Care and they contributed 9.3%, 7.3% and 4.0% of the research yield, respectively. In conclusion, the volume of research is rising in parallel with the increasing global burden of disease due to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Bibliometrics analysis provides useful information to scientists and funding agencies involved in the development and implementation of research strategies to address global health issues.
title: Women and Vampire Fiction: Texts, Fandom and the Construction of Identity
Creators: name: Williamson, Millicent
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 2001

description: This thesis examines what vampire fiction and vampire fandom offer to women and uses as a case study the accounts offered by women fans in New Orleans and Britain. Textual approaches to vampire fiction and femininity have largely proposed that just as the woman is punished by being positioned as passive and masochistic in the texts of Dracula, so too is the female viewer or reader of the texts. This thesis argues that such approaches are inadequate because they impose a singular ('Dracularesque') structure of meaning which both underestimates the variety of vampire fiction available and ignores the process of reading that women interested in the vampire figure engage in. It is argued, based on the women vampire fan's own textual interpretations, that the vampire can be read as a figure of pathos who elicits the fans' sympathy because of its predicament. It is further argued that this approach to the vampire appeals to the women because it brings into play a melodramatic structure which resonates with certain problematic experiences of feminine identity that are often suppressed in our culture and thus difficult to articulate. The figure of the vampire offers women fans both a channel for their creativity and a means of rebelling against the imposed norms of femininity. It is a well-rehearsed position in theories of fandom that the activity that fans engage in is a form of rebellion or resistance. However, this thesis has suggested that the rebellion that the women fans engage in is a rebellion of the 'self which is both filled with contradictions and limited to the personal sphere. Furthermore, through a comparison of two fan clubs, it will be argued that fandom is not automatically a culture of resistance and that different fan clubs position themselves in relation to two opposing, yet dominant, sets of values in the cultural field. Vampire fandom offers women the chance to construct alternative identities, but participation in fandom does not constitute resistance to dominant culture.
IMPACTS OF DOMESTICATION ON THE LEGUME-RHIZOBIA MUTUALISM
Creators: name: Millar, Niall
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: rhizobial mutualism
legume

description: Domestication is essential for improving plants for human use, but it can come with unintended side effects. The rhizobial mutualism, which provides legumes with nitrogen, is an essential part of the nitrogen cycle and makes legumes highly efficient crops. In this dissertation, I investigate how the mutualism between legumes and rhizobial bacteria has evolved over the course of domestication, asking whether the mutualism has been improved, degraded, or unaffected by artificial selection. In my first chapter, I compare the benefit that wild and domesticated legumes receive from rhizobia, and find that, in most cases, the benefits of the mutualism are maintained in domesticated legumes. There are some exceptions; domesticated soybeans benefit less from rhizobia than wild soybeans, and domesticated chickpeas cease the mutualism at a lower level of nitrogen fertilisation than wild chickpeas. In my second chapter, I investigate the genetic correlation between yield traits and mutualism traits in pea crops. I find that the highest-yielding pea cultivars tend to get a greater proportion of their nitrogen from rhizobia, which means that selection for yield should also maintain, or even improve, the rhizobial mutualism in peas. In my third chapter, I compare the ability of wild and domesticated peas to exert control over the mutualism by sanctioning against rhizobia that fail to provide them with nitrogen. I find that wild and domesticated peas have largely similar abilities to control the mutualism. I also find that the control the of the mutualism is strongest when plants can compare strains of varying quality, and that the overall benefit a plant receives from its partners does not determine its ability to exert control over them. In summation, my dissertation paints a positive picture of the rhizobial mutualism in legume crops. The genetic variation in the outcomes of the mutualism show that there is potential for it to be improved through selection, particularly in the few cases where domestication has reduced the benefits received by crops. Despite these few cases, the rhizobial mutualism remains essential for food security without total reliance on artificial fertilisers.
Risk of Deficiency in Multiple Concurrent Micronutrients in Children and Adults in the United States
Creators: name: Bird, Julia K.
name: Murphy, Rachel Anne
name: Ciappio, Eric D.
name: McBurney, Michael I.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: Certain population sub-groups in the United States are vulnerable to micronutrient malnutrition. Nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) describing the biochemical status of vitamins A, B6, B12, C, D, E, folate, and anemia, were aggregated to determine the overall risk of multiple concurrent deficiencies in U.S. children and adults (n = 15,030) aged >9 years. The prevalence of deficiency risk according to socio-demographic, life-stage, dietary supplement use, and dietary adequacy categories was investigated. Thirty-one percent of the U.S. population was at risk of at least one vitamin deficiency or anemia, with 23%, 6.3%, and 1.7% of the U.S. population at risk of deficiency in 1, 2, or 3–5 vitamins or anemia, respectively. A significantly higher deficiency risk was seen in women (37%), non-Hispanic blacks (55%), individuals from low income households (40%), or without a high school diploma (42%), and underweight (42%) or obese individuals (39%). A deficiency risk was most common in women 19–50 years (41%), and pregnant or breastfeeding women (47%). Dietary supplement non-users had the highest risk of any deficiency (40%), compared to users of full-spectrum multivitamin-multimineral supplements (14%) and other dietary supplement users (28%). Individuals consuming an adequate diet based on the Estimated Average Requirement had a lower risk of any deficiency (16%) than those with an inadequate diet (57%). Nearly one-third of the U.S. population is at risk of deficiency in at least one vitamin, or has anemia.
Does acute normovolemic hemodilution reduce perioperative allogeneic blood exposure? A systematic review.
Creators: name: Bryson, Gregory L.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Health Sciences, Medicine and Surgery.

description: The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature and to statistically summarize the evidence evaluating the efficacy of acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH). Review of 1575 citations identified 24 prospective, randomized, controlled trails of ANH containing a total of 1216 patients. When all trials were pooled ANH reduced the likelihood of exposure to allogeneic blood and the total units of allogeneic blood transfused. Marked heterogeneity of the results was present and adverse events were incompletely reported. Subgroup analyses could not account for all heterogeneity noted in this overview. Under reporting of small trials with negative results was suspected. In trials using a protocol to guide perioperative transfusion, ANH failed to reduce either the likelihood of transfusion or the units administered. It is possible that experimental design bias in favor of reducing transfusion in the ANH group is in part responsible for the reported efficacy of this technique.
Understanding the physiological functions of circMbl and MBL in Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Krishnamoorthy, Aishwarya
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2028

description: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNA molecule formed by a process called backsplicing, where a downstream splice-site joins with an upstream splice-site forming a covalently closed loop structure. CircRNAs are highly expressed and evolutionarily conserved across species. The gene locus of muscleblind (mbl) undergoes alternative splicing to form many mRNA isoforms. In addition, the second exon of mbl is circularized to generate circMbl the most abundant circular RNA in fly heads which can translate into a peptide in the fly synapse. MBL is known to regulate the biogenesis of circMbl. Additionally, MBL protein strongly binds to circMbl likely leading to regulation of the protein by sequestration and/or transport of the protein. This constitutes an auto-regulatory loop between circMbl and MBL protein.Although circMbl is highly expressed in Drosophila melanogaster, its physiological functions are still not known. Also, it is unclear whether these functions are different from the functions of MBL, the protein produced from the mbl mRNAs. To address these questions in Drosophila, the Kadener lab generated fly lines expressing short-hairpin RNA specifically targeting the backsplice junction of circRNAs. Using this tool, we specifically knocked down (KD) circMbl in vivo without affecting the linear counterparts (as the KD occurs in the cytoplasm). We also generated shRNAs targeting the highly expressed linear mbl isoforms (called mbl-C and mbl-O/P).
description: In this study, we demonstrated the roles of circMbl in Drosophila development and behavior. Knockdown of circMbl led to several phenotypes: male-specific developmental lethality, locomotor defects in larvae and an increase in bouton number at the larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ), wing posture defect and hyperactivity in adults. We experimentally proved that these phenotypes are exclusive for circMbl. Also, we showed the mbl-C specific knockdown exhibits different phenotypes. We further illustrated the cell types responsible for the larval locomotion defects in circMbl knockdown and established NMJ as a system to demonstrate the role of circMbl in synaptic growth. Overall, we displayed first-of-its-kind experimental data that showcases the role of circRNA in the development and behavior of an invertebrate model.
Entomology Newsletter for County Agents: Mar. 1989, No. 1
Creators: name: Anonelli, Arthur  L
name: Beers, Elizabeth H
name: Mayer, Daniel F
name: Thomasson, Gary L
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 1989
Subjects: WSU Extension
Entomology

description: The “Entomology Newsletter for County Agents” is published on an irregular basis as relevant information for agent education accumulates. It is prepared by the Extension entomology faculty with inputs from all faculty from the Department of Entomology at Washington State University. Useful information from elsewhere will also appear as it becomes available. The newsletter is exclusively for Washington county agents, and the information therein may be used by them in respective educational programs (unless otherwise stated).
Empty spaces: Divergent responses to industrial transformation in North America, 1969-1984.
Creators: name: High, Steven C.
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: History, Canadian.

description: This thesis explores the meanings that North Americans derived from mill and factory closings between 1969 and 1984. In doing so, it finds that the significance drawn from industrial transformation was filtered through one's nationality. In the United States, plant closings generally signalled the end of the industrial era. As the physical stature of blast furnaces and smokestacks made them stand tall in people's minds, the fall of industry from its privileged position in the American economy played itself out in their ritualistic demolition. Dramatic images of failing blast furnaces, in turn, lent authority to those who claimed that the industrial era had ended. Canadians, by contrast, interpreted plant shutdowns in nationalist terms. Throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, shutdowns were blamed on American economic domination. In the face of economic dislocation, workers on either side of the Canada-United States border struggled to retain their dignity and identity. Yet strategies of collective resistance differed dramatically as the narratives of displaced workers revealed. In the United States, the anti-shutdown movement was confined to the local by invoking a notion of "community" tied to place. This "miniaturization" of community proved to be a feeble weapon for workers facing job loss. Indeed, the nation's political, business and union leadership felt little attachment to communities based in towns or cities other than their own. Hence, the "community" strategy, predicating on emotional appeals to people and place, failed to politicize a contractual---and therefore private---matter between an employer and his or her employees. To constrain the destructive tendencies of capitalism between 1969 and 1984, another weapon was needed, namely the ideal of a "national community." The motive power of community to validate and legitimate resistance to plant shutdowns by enlargening the radius of trust was greatest in Canada. By literally wrapping themselves in the Maple Leaf flag, Canadian workers won important legislative victories that forced companies to soften the blow of displacement. In the final analysis, then, an emerging economic nationalist discourse incorporated plant shutdowns into the very centre of its anti-imperial critique of foreign---usually American---multinational corporations. For a time, the nationalist resistance to plant shutdowns enforced what could be called a "moral economy" on companies operating in Canada. Economic nationalism thus acted as a kind of ideological rust-proofing that denied the "Rust Belt"---the image and the reality---entry into Canada and slowed the pace of industrial change and the accompanying social disruption between 1969--1984.
Labeling of mesenchymal stem cells for MRI with single-cell sensitivity
Creators: name: Schellenberger, Angela Ariza De
name: Kratz, Harald
name: Farr, Tracy D.
name: Loewa, Norbert
name: Hauptmann, Ralf
name: Wagner, Susanne
name: Taupitz, Matthias
name: Schnorr, Joerg
name: Schellenberger, Eyk A.
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Abstract: Sensitive cell detection by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an important tool for the development of cell therapies. However, clinically approved contrast agents that allow single-cell detection are currently not available. Therefore, we compared very small iron oxide nanoparticles (VSOP) and new multicore carboxymethyl dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (multicore particles, MCP) designed by our department for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) with discontinued Resovist® regarding their suitability for detection of single mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) by MRI. We achieved an average intracellular nanoparticle (NP) load of >10 pg Fe per cell without the use of transfection agents. NP loading did not lead to significantly different results in proliferation, colony formation, and multilineage in vitro differentiation assays in comparison to controls. MRI allowed single-cell detection using VSOP, MCP, and Resovist® in conjunction with high-resolution T2*-weighted imaging at 7 T with postprocessing of phase images in agarose cell phantoms and in vivo after delivery of 2,000 NP-labeled MSC into mouse brains via the left carotid artery. With optimized labeling conditions, a detection rate of ~45% was achieved; however, the experiments were limited by nonhomogeneous NP loading of the MSC population. Attempts should be made to achieve better cell separation for homogeneous NP loading and to thus improve NP-uptake-dependent biocompatibility studies and cell detection by MRI and future MPI. Additionally, using a 7 T MR imager equipped with a cryocoil resulted in approximately two times higher detection. In conclusion, we established labeling conditions for new high-relaxivity MCP, VSOP, and Resovist® for improved MRI of MSC with single-cell sensitivity.