cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The theory of fluxgate sensor systems
Creators: name: Gao, Zu-Cheng
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In recent years, the fluxgate sensor system has become increasingly important for the measurement of magnetic fields. It has become the instrument of choice for some aeronomy research programs, for ocean bottom deployment and for vessel detection by seafloor sensors. It has considerable potential for airborne magnetometry and gradient measurements. This renewed interest arises because the capabilities of the instrument are now known to be much superior to those achieved by earlier designs, and because there is a continued need for sensors with a vector capability. Added practical advantages accrue because it is a rugged instrument, economical to manufacture and has low power requirements. The advances in technology have not been accompanied by corresponding advances in the theoretical understanding of the fluxgate. Prior to publications from the University of British Columbia, most representations were cumbersome, incomplete and sometimes incorrect. The approach presented for the first time in this thesis introduces a gating function which straightforwardly represents the fluxgate mechanism separately from the complications of hysteresis and demagnetization. The characteristics of the gating function are easily measurable and can be regarded as the performance indices of the sensor. The approach also presents a general state equation which is valid not only for single sensors, but also for symmetric multiple sensors (e.g. gradiometers). Then the complete solution set (the monodromy, the general solution and periodic solution) is solved for the state equation. Based on the theories of Floquet-Lyapunov and of Hsu, the instability criterion and the method of calculation are investigated. The generalized instability map, illustrated in a parameter plane, is useful for the design of stable fluxgate sensor systems. The instability has been also checked in the phase space. The sensitivity map presented through this approach can be used to calculate the real signal for a fluxgate sensor with any value of parameters. Moreover, this approach not only formulates an integrated fluxgate theory, but also provides a guide to the selection of operating parameters and components for a practical design.
Ilpo Tapani Piirainen, Arne Ziegler, Collectanea allerlay nutzlicher vnnd nothwendiger Regeln des Rechtens. Ein deutsches Rechtsbuch aus dem Jahre 1628 aus der Slowakei
Creators: name: Irgang, Winfried
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1997

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 46 Nr. 2 (1997)
Interfacial and bulk spin Hall contributions to field-like spin-orbit torque generated by Iridium
Creators: name: Dutta, Sutapa
name: Bose, Arnab
name: Tulapurkar, A. A.
name: Buhrman, R. A.
name: Ralph, D. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of spin orbit torques generated by Ir as a function of film thickness in sputtered Ir/CoFeB and Ir/Co samples. We find that Ir provides a damping-like component of spin orbit torque with a maximum spin torque conductivity 1.4e5 in SI unit and a maximum spin-torque efficiency of 0.04, which is sufficient to drive switching in an 0.8 nm film of CoFeB with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We also observe a surprisingly large field like spin orbit torque. Measurements as a function of Ir thickness indicate a substantial contribution to the FLT from an interface mechanism so that in the ultrathin limit there is a non-zero FLT with a maximum torque conductivity -5.0E4 in the SI unit. When the Ir film thickness becomes comparable to or greater than its spin diffusion length, 1.6 nm, there is also a smaller bulk contribution to the fieldlike torque.
Krzysztof Ruchniewicz, Warszawa - Berlin - Bonn. Stosunki polityczne 1949-1958
Creators: name: Mühle, Eduard
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2006

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 55 Nr. 1 (2006)
Robert Żurek, Zwischen Nationalismus und Versöhnung. Die Kirchen und die deutsch-polnischen Beziehungen 1945-1956
Creators: name: Wiaderny, Bernard
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2006

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 55 Nr. 1 (2006)
Determination of density and concentration from fluorescent images of a gas flow
Creators: name: Belan, Marco
name: De Ponte, Sergio
name: Tordella, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fluorescent image analysis procedure to determine the distribution of species concentration and density in a gas flow is proposed. The fluorescent emission is due to the excitation of atoms/molecules of a gas that is intercepted by an electron blade. The intensity of the fluorescent light is proportional to the local number density of the gas. When the gas flow is a mixture of different species, this proportionality can be exploited to extract the contribution associated to the species from the spectral superposition acquired by a digital camera. This yields a method that simultaneously reveals species concentrations and mass density of the mixture. The procedure is applied to two under-expanded sonic jets discharged into a different gas ambient - Helium into Argon and Argon into Helium - to measure the concentration and density distribution along the jet axis and across it. A comparison with experimental and numerical results obtained by other authors when observing under-expanded jets at different Mach numbers is made with the density distribution along the axis of the jet. This density distribution appears to be self-similar.
description: New figures in portable .eps format
(ω, ϕ) P^- decays of tau leptons
Creators: name: Flores-Tlalpa, A.
name: Castro, G. Lopez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The τ-> (ω, ϕ)P^-νdecays, where P^-=π^-, K^-, are considered within a phenomenological model with dominance of meson intermediate states. We assume SU(3) flavor symmetry to fix some of the unknown strong interaction couplings. Our predictions for the τ-> ϕ(π^-, K^-)νbranching fractions are in good agreement with recent measurements of the BABAR and BELLE Collaborations.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures
Jan M. Piskorski, Vertreibung und deutsch-polnische Geschichte. Eine Streitschrift
Creators: name: Hofmann, Andreas R.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2006

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 55 Nr. 1 (2006)
Moving constraints as stabilizing controls in classical mechanics
Creators: name: Bressan, A.
name: Rampazzo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70Q05,49J15

description: The paper analyzes a Lagrangian system which is controlled by directly assigning some of the coordinates as functions of time, by means of frictionless constraints. In a natural system of coordinates, the equations of motions contain terms which are linear or quadratic w.r.t.time derivatives of the control functions. After reviewing the basic equations, we explain the significance of the quadratic terms, related to geodesics orthogonal to a given foliation. We then study the problem of stabilization of the system to a given point, by means of oscillating controls. This problem is first reduced to the weak stability for a related convex-valued differential inclusion, then studied by Lyapunov functions methods. In the last sections, we illustrate the results by means of various mechanical examples.
description: 52 pages, 4 figures
Barriers and Dynamical Paths in Alternating Gibbs Sampling of Restricted Boltzmann Machines
Creators: name: Roussel, Clément
name: Cocco, Simona
name: Monasson, Rémi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) are bi-layer neural networks used for the unsupervised learning of model distributions from data. The bipartite architecture of RBM naturally defines an elegant sampling procedure, called Alternating Gibbs Sampling (AGS), where the configurations of the latent-variable layer are sampled conditional to the data-variable layer, and vice versa. We study here the performance of AGS on several analytically tractable models borrowed from statistical mechanics. We show that standard AGS is not more efficient than classical Metropolis-Hastings (MH) sampling of the effective energy landscape defined on the data layer. However, RBM can identify meaningful representations of training data in their latent space. Furthermore, using these representations and combining Gibbs sampling with the MH algorithm in the latent space can enhance the sampling performance of the RBM when the hidden units encode weakly dependent features of the data. We illustrate our findings on three datasets: Bars and Stripes and MNIST, well known in machine learning, and the so-called Lattice Proteins, introduced in theoretical biology to study the sequence-to-structure mapping in proteins.
Chemical Evolution of Heavy Elements in the Early Galaxy: Implications for Stellar Sources
Creators: name: Qian, Yong-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An overview of the sources for heavy elements in the early Galaxy is given. It is shown that observations of abundances in metal-poor stars can be used along with a basic understanding of stellar models to guide the search for the source of the heavy r-process nuclei (r-nuclei). Observations show that this source produces very little of the elements from C through Zn including Fe. This strongly suggests that O-Ne-Mg core-collapse supernovae (SNe) from progenitors of ~8-11M_sun are the source for the heavy r-nuclei. It is shown that a two-component model based on the abundances of Fe (from Fe core-collapse SNe) and Eu (from O-Ne-Mg core-collapse SNe) gives very good quantitative predictions for the abundances of all the other elements in metal-poor stars.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Existence of mesons after deconfinement
Creators: name: Brau, F.
name: Buisseret, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility for a quark-antiquark pair to form a bound state at temperatures higher than the critical one ($T>T_c$), thus after deconfinement. Our main goal is to find analytical criteria constraining the existence of such mesons. Our formalism relies on a Schrödinger equation for which we study the physical consequences of both using the free energy and the internal energy as potential term, assuming a widely accepted temperature-dependent Yukawa form for the free energy and a recently proposed nonperturbative form for the screening mass. We show that using the free energy only allows for the 1S bottomonium to be bound above $T_c$, with a dissociation temperature around $1.5\times T_c$. The situation is very different with the internal energy, where we show that no bound states at all can exist in the deconfined phase. But, in this last case, quasi-bound states could be present at higher temperatures because of a positive barrier appearing in the potential.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures; only the case T>T_c is discussed in v2
Observing the evolution of the CMB
Creators: name: Moss, Adam
name: Zibin, James P.
name: Scott, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most cosmological parameters are expected to change significantly only on cosmological time scales, but given the large amount of information contained within the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) sky, we can expect that changes in the CMB should be observable on much shorter time scales. Here we quantify this expectation, examining the detectability of the dominant effects on short time scales. We find that an ideal future experiment with currently achievable sensitivity could detect the changing dipole due to our galactic motion in about 10 years, but that it would take around 4000 years to detect a change in the higher order multipoles.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Documents diplomatiques français sur l'histoire du bassin des Carpates. 1918—1932. Volumel. Octobre 1918- Août 1919.
Creators: name: Alexander, Manfred
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1997

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 46 Nr. 2 (1997)
Using CAC to improve language and literacy (Dunaway & Lewis, 2021)
Creators: name: Dunaway, Claudia
name: Lewis, Carlee
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Language
subject: 200101 Communication Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Purpose: This tutorial describes a comprehensive approach to the development of collaborative academic conversations in older students with language delays and impairments. Support materials including a link to an instructional video are provided.Conclusions: These students require systematic, explicit instruction to develop competence and to acquire the thinking and language skills required to productively engage in a collaborative academic conversation. Speech-language pathologists are uniquely equipped to prepare students for gainful participation and to collaborate with classroom teachers, ensuring transfer of language and thinking skills.
Supplemental Material S1. Instructional approaches and methods.
Supplemental Material S2. Strong words that convey precise emotions.
Supplemental Material S3. Using conjunctions to form complex sentences.
Supplemental Material S4. Narrative text lesson plan.
Supplemental Material S5. Expository text lesson plan.
Supplemental Material S6. How to write measurable CAC goals.
Supplemental Material S7. Documenting language therapy progress in school settings.
Dunaway, C., & Lewis, C. (2021). Using a collaborative academic conversation approach to improve language and literacy. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2021_PERSP-21-00068
Intent Profiling and Translation Through Emergent Communication
Creators: name: Mostafa, Salwa
name: Elbamby, Mohammed S.
name: Abdel-Aziz, Mohamed K.
name: Bennis, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To effectively express and satisfy network application requirements, intent-based network management has emerged as a promising solution. In intent-based methods, users and applications express their intent in a high-level abstract language to the network. Although this abstraction simplifies network operation, it induces many challenges to efficiently express applications' intents and map them to different network capabilities. Therefore, in this work, we propose an AI-based framework for intent profiling and translation. We consider a scenario where applications interacting with the network express their needs for network services in their domain language. The machine-to-machine communication (i.e., between applications and the network) is complex since it requires networks to learn how to understand the domain languages of each application, which is neither practical nor scalable. Instead, a framework based on emergent communication is proposed for intent profiling, in which applications express their abstract quality-of-experience (QoE) intents to the network through emergent communication messages. Subsequently, the network learns how to interpret these communication messages and map them to network capabilities (i.e., slices) to guarantee the requested Quality-of-Service (QoS). Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms self-learning slicing and other baselines, and achieves a performance close to the perfect knowledge baseline.
การแสดงออกของโปรตีน Heat Shock 60 (Hsp60) ในไมโทคอนเดรียของผู้ป่วยโรค Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy ชาวไทย (The  Expression  of Mitochondrial  Heat Shock Protein  60 (Hsp60)  in  Thai Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Patients)
Creators: name: Aryal, Pratibha
Publisher: name: Genetics Society of Thailand
Year: 2013
Subjects: LHON, mitochondrial protein, Hsp60

description: S1 (Special Issue 1), S.1, Thai Journal of Genetics
HapticBots: Distributed Encountered-type Haptics for VR with Multiple Shape-changing Mobile Robots
Creators: name: Suzuki, Ryo
name: Ofek, Eyal
name: Sinclair, Mike
name: Leithinger, Daneil
name: Gonzalez-Franco, Mar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: HapticBots introduces a novel encountered-type haptic approach for Virtual Reality (VR) based on multiple tabletop-size shape-changing robots. These robots move on a tabletop and change their height and orientation to haptically render various surfaces and objects on-demand. Compared to previous encountered-type haptic approaches like shape displays or robotic arms, our proposed approach has an advantage in deployability, scalability, and generalizability -- these robots can be easily deployed due to their compact form factor. They can support multiple concurrent touch points in a large area thanks to the distributed nature of the robots. We propose and evaluate a novel set of interactions enabled by these robots which include: 1) rendering haptics for VR objects by providing just-in-time touch-points on the user's hand, 2) simulating continuous surfaces with the concurrent height and position change, and 3) enabling the user to pick up and move VR objects through graspable proxy objects. Finally, we demonstrate HapticBots with various applications, including remote collaboration, education and training, design and 3D modeling, and gaming and entertainment.
description: UIST 2021
Momentum dependence of the superconducting gap in NdFeAsO1-xFx single crystals measured by angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Kondo, Takeshi
name: Santander-Syro, A. F.
name: Copie, O.
name: Liu, Chang
name: Tillman, M. E.
name: Mun, E. D.
name: Schmalian, J.
name: Bud'ko, S. L.
name: Tanatar, M. A.
name: Canfield, P. C.
name: Kaminski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the momentum dependence of the superconducting gap in NdFeAsO1-xFx single crystals. We find that the Gamma hole pocket is fully gapped below the superconducting transition temperature. The value of the superconducting gap is 15 +- 1.5 meV and its anisotropy around the hole pocket is smaller than 20% of this value. This is consistent with an isotropic or anisotropic s-wave symmetry of the order parameter or exotic d-wave symmetry with nodes located off the Fermi surface sheets. This is a significant departure from the situation in the cuprates, pointing to possibility that the superconductivity in the iron arsenic based system arises from a different mechanism.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Local and non-local quantum transport due to Andreev bound states in finite Rashba nanowires with superconducting and normal sections
Creators: name: Hess, Richard
name: Legg, Henry F.
name: Loss, Daniel
name: Klinovaja, Jelena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze Andreev bound states (ABSs) that form in normal sections of a Rashba nanowire that is only partially covered by a superconducting layer. These ABSs are localized close to the ends of the superconducting section and can be pinned to zero energy over a wide range of magnetic field strengths even if the nanowire is in the non-topological regime. For finite-size nanowires (typically $\lesssim 1$ $μ$m in current experiments), the ABS localization length is comparable to the length of the nanowire. The probability density of an ABS is therefore non-zero throughout the nanowire and differential-conductance calculations reveal a correlated zero-bias peak (ZBP) at both ends of the nanowire. When a second normal section hosts an additional ABS at the opposite end of the superconducting section, the combination of the two ABSs can mimic the closing and reopening of the bulk gap in local and non-local conductances accompanied by the appearance of the ZBP. These signatures are reminiscent of those expected for Majorana bound states (MBSs) but occur here in the non-topological regime. Our results demonstrate that conductance measurements of correlated ZBPs at the ends of a typical superconducting nanowire or an apparent closing and reopening of the bulk gap in the local and non-local conductance are not conclusive indicators for the presence of MBSs.
description: 17 pages, 15 figures
A Chandra Study of the Lobe/ISM Interactions Around the Inner Radio Lobes of Centaurus A: Constraints on the Temperature Structure and Transport Processes
Creators: name: Kraft, R. P.
name: Nulsen, P. E. J.
name: Birkinshaw, M.
name: Worrall, D. M.
name: Penna, R. F.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Jones, C.
name: Murray, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from deeper {\em Chandra} observations of the southwest radio lobe of Centaurus A, first described by Kraft et al. (2003). We find that the sharp X-ray surface brightness discontinuity extends around $\sim$75% of the periphery of the radio lobe, and detect significant temperature jumps in the brightest regions of this discontinuity nearest to the nucleus. This demonstrates that this discontinuity is indeed a strong shock which is the result of an overpressure which has built up in the entire lobe over time. Additionally, we demonstrate that if the mean free path for ions to transfer energy and momentum to the electrons behind the shock is as large as the Spitzer value, the electron and proton temperatures will not have equilibrated along the SW boundary of the radio lobe where the shock is strongest. Thus the proton temperature of the shocked gas could be considerably larger than the observed electron temperature, and the total energy of the outburst correspondingly larger as well. We investigate this using a simple one-dimensional shock model for a two-fluid (proton/electron) plasma. We find that for the thermodynamic parameters of the Cen A shock the electron temperature rises rapidly from $\sim$0.29 keV (the temperature of the ambient ISM) to $\sim$3.5 keV at which point heating from the protons is balanced by adiabatic losses. The proton and electron temperatures do not equilibrate in a timescale less than the age of the lobe. We note that the measured electron temperature of similar features in other nearby powerful radio galaxies in poor environments may considerably underestimate the strength and velocity of the shock.
description: 29 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables - accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Spin-stiffness of anisotropic Heisenberg model on square lattice and possible mechanism for pinning of the electronic liquid crystal direction in YBCO
Creators: name: Pardini, T.
name: Singh, R. R. P.
name: Katanin, A.
name: Sushkov, O. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using series expansions and spin-wave theory we calculate the spin-stiffness anisotropy $ρ_{sx}/ρ_{sy}$ in Heisenberg models on the square lattice with anisotropic couplings $J_x,J_y$. We find that for the weakly anisotropic spin-half model ($J_x\approx J_y$), $ρ_{sx}/ρ_{sy}$ deviates substantially from the naive estimate $ρ_{sx}/ρ_{sy} \approx J_x/J_y$. We argue that this deviation can be responsible for pinning the electronic liquid crystal direction, a novel effect recently discovered in YBCO. For completeness, we also study the spin-stiffness for arbitrary anisotropy $J_x/J_y$ for spin-half and spin-one models. In the limit of $J_y/J_x\to 0$, when the model reduces to weakly coupled chains, the two show dramatically different behavior. In the spin-one model, the stiffness along the chains goes to zero, implying the onset of Haldane-gap phase, whereas for spin-half the stiffness along the chains increases monotonically from a value of $0.18 J_x$ for $J_y/J_x=1$ towards $0.25 J_x$ for $J_y/J_x\to 0$. Spin-wave theory is extremely accurate for spin-one but breaks down for spin-half presumably due to the onset of topological terms.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Applications of the Karhunen-Loève transform in reflection seismology
Creators: name: Jones, Ian Frederick
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The Karhunen-Loève transform, which optimally extracts coherent information from multichannel data, has been applied to several problems in reflection seismic data processing. The transform is derived by a least-squares construction of an orthogonal set of principal components and eigenvectors, with corresponding eigenvalues. Data are reconstructed as a linear combination of the principal components. The mathematical properties of the Karhunen-Loève transform which render it applicable to problems in seismic data processing are reviewed, and a number of new algorithms developed. Most algorithms are tested on synthetic and real data examples, and 'production-line' industrially viable versions of some of the programs have been developed. A new signal-to-noise ratio enhancement technique, based on reconstruction of stacked seismic sections, has proved to be successful on real data. Reconstruction of less coherent information to emphasize anomalous features in stacked seismic data ("misfit" reconstruction) shows some promise. Diffraction hyperbolae isolated by misfit reconstruction are used to estimate residual migration velocities with some success. And, the ability of the transform to segregate coherent information is used successfully as the basis of a new multiple suppression technique. An anomaly identification scheme, based on cluster analysis of the eigenvectors of the transform, works well on the synthetic data used, and gives promising results when applied to real data. A new velocity analysis method, utilizing a ratio of the eigenvalues, works well for good data at early travel times, and offers a potential for high resolution velocity inversion studies. Use of the eigenvalues in evaluation of a constant phase approximation to dispersion for synthetic data provides promising results, leading to quantification of dispersion in terms of relative phase shifts. As part of this development, an analysis of the effect of dispersion on Vibroseis© data acquisition, which represents an original investigation, is presented.
The Disturbed 17 keV Cluster Associated with the Radio Galaxy 3C 438
Creators: name: Kraft, R. P.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Jones, C.
name: Nulsen, P. E. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results from a {\em Chandra} observation of the cluster gas associated with the FR II radio galaxy 3C 438. This radio galaxy is embedded within a massive cluster with gas temperature $\sim$17 keV and bolometric luminosity of 6$\times10^{45}$ ergs s$^{-1}$. It is unclear if this high temperature represents the gravitational mass of the cluster, or if this is an already high ($\sim$ 11 keV) temperature cluster that has been heated transiently. We detect a surface brightness discontinuity in the gas that extends $\sim$600 kpc through the cluster. The radio galaxy 3C 438 is too small ($\sim$110 kpc across) and too weak to have created this large disturbance in the gas. The discontinuity must be the result of either an extremely powerful nuclear outburst or the major merger of two massive clusters. If the observed features are the result of a nuclear outburst, it must be from an earlier epoch of unusually energetic nuclear activity. However, the energy required ($\sim10^{63}$ ergs) to move the gas on the observed spatial scales strongly supports the merger hypothesis. In either scenario, this is one of the most extreme events in the local Universe.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, 1 table - accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Lack of consensus in social systems
Creators: name: Benczik, I. J.
name: Benczik, S. Z.
name: Schmittmann, B.
name: Zia, R. K. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an exactly solvable model for the dynamics of voters in a two-party system. The opinion formation process is modeled on a random network of agents. The dynamical nature of interpersonal relations is also reflected in the model, as the connections in the network evolve with the dynamics of the voters. In the infinite time limit, an exact solution predicts the emergence of consensus, for arbitrary initial conditions. However, before consensus is reached, two different metastable states can persist for exponentially long times. One state reflects a perfect balancing of opinions, the other reflects a completely static situation. An estimate of the associated lifetimes suggests that lack of consensus is typical for large systems.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Nucleosynthesis in Metal-Free and Metal-Poor Stars
Creators: name: Qian, Yong-Zhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been a number of important recent developments in theoretical and observational studies of nucleosynthesis, especially regarding nucleosynthetic sources at low metallicities. Those selected for discussion here include the origin of Li6, the primary production of N, the s-process, and the supernova sources for three groups of metals: (1) C to Zn with mass numbers A<70, (2) Sr to Ag with A~90-110, and (3) r-process nuclei with A~130 and above.
description: 8 pages, no figures, published in "Proceedings of First Stars III," Eds. Brian W. O'Shea, Alexander Heger & Tom Abel
Holistic Privacy and Usability of a Cryptocurrency Wallet
Creators: name: Halpin, Harry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study, we overview the problems associated with the usability of cryptocurrency wallets, such as those used by ZCash, for end-users. The concept of "holistic privacy," where information leaks in one part of a system can violate the privacy expectations of different parts of the system, is introduced as a requirement. To test this requirement with real-world software, we did a 60 person task-based evaluation of the usability of a ZCash cryptocurrency wallet by having users install and try to both send and receive anonymized ZCash transactions, as well as install a VPN and Tor. While the initial wallet installation was difficult, we found even a larger amount of difficulty integrating the ZCash wallet into network-level protection like VPNs or Tor, so only a quarter of users could complete a real-world purchase using the wallet.
description: Workshop on Usable Security and Privacy (USEC) 2021
An involution on the K-theory of bimonoidal categories with anti-involution
Creators: name: Richter, Birgit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55S25; 19D10

description: We construct a combinatorially defined involution on the algebraic $K$-theory of the ring spectrum associated to a bimonoidal category with anti-involution. Particular examples of such are braided bimonoidal categories. We investigate examples such as algebraic K-theory of connective complex and real topological K-theory and Waldhausen's K-theory of spaces of the form BBG, for abelian groups G. We show that the involution agrees with the classical one for a bimonoidal category associated to a ring and prove that it is not trivial in the above mentioned examples.
Real-Time Video Super-Resolution by Joint Local Inference and Global Parameter Estimation
Creators: name: Elron, Noam
name: Itskovich, Alex
name: Yuval, Shahar S.
name: Levy, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The state of the art in video super-resolution (SR) are techniques based on deep learning, but they perform poorly on real-world videos (see Figure 1). The reason is that training image-pairs are commonly created by downscaling a high-resolution image to produce a low-resolution counterpart. Deep models are therefore trained to undo downscaling and do not generalize to super-resolving real-world images. Several recent publications present techniques for improving the generalization of learning-based SR, but are all ill-suited for real-time application. We present a novel approach to synthesizing training data by simulating two digital-camera image-capture processes at different scales. Our method produces image-pairs in which both images have properties of natural images. Training an SR model using this data leads to far better generalization to real-world images and videos. In addition, deep video-SR models are characterized by a high operations-per-pixel count, which prohibits their application in real-time. We present an efficient CNN architecture, which enables real-time application of video SR on low-power edge-devices. We split the SR task into two sub-tasks: a control-flow which estimates global properties of the input video and adapts the weights and biases of a processing-CNN that performs the actual processing. Since the process-CNN is tailored to the statistics of the input, its capacity kept low, while retaining effectivity. Also, since video-statistics evolve slowly, the control-flow operates at a much lower rate than the video frame-rate. This reduces the overall computational load by as much as two orders of magnitude. This framework of decoupling the adaptivity of the algorithm from the pixel processing, can be applied in a large family of real-time video enhancement applications, e.g., video denoising, local tone-mapping, stabilization, etc.
description: Technical report; accompanying a poster appearing in ICCP 2021
Polska - ZSRR. Struktury podległości. Dokumenty KC WKP (b) 1944-1949
Creators: name: Hoensch, Jörg K.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1997

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 46 Nr. 2 (1997)
Psicologia del consumo e neuroscienze
Creators: name: Pravettoni, Gabriella
name: Lucchiari, Claudio
Publisher: name: Lebenswelt. Aesthetics and philosophy of experience.
Year: 2014

description: Deciding what product to buy, what goods to use, what provider to rely on are choices we are dealing with everyday. Neuroimaging can substantially contribute to the study of how we make these decisions and how we develop a form of attachment towards products and brands. Nonetheless, we cannot underestimate the problems connected to this approach. Beyond the technical and methodological limits, there are clear difficulties of interpretation. Indeed, starting from weak theories, it is difficult to gather meaningful data, even by using powerful technologies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a neuroscientific approach, related to choices in buying and marketing, which is characterized by methodological rigor within the limits of a well defined sphere of concepts, in order to provide meaning to the charming path of the cognitive neurosciences.
description: Lebenswelt. Aesthetics and philosophy of experience., No 4 (2014)
Historische West- und Ostforschung in Zentraleuropa zwischen dem Ersten und dem Zweiten Weltkrieg - Verflechtung und Vergleich
Creators: name: Rohrer, Wiebke
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2006

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 55 Nr. 1 (2006)
Estonia 1940-1945. Reports of the Estonian International Commission for the Investigation of Crimes Against Humanity
Creators: name: Brüggemann, Karsten
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2007

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 56 Nr. 3 (2007)
Atmosferologia e atmosferografia: come mettere ordine tra le atmosfere?
Creators: name: Di Monte, Michele
Publisher: name: Lebenswelt. Aesthetics and philosophy of experience.
Year: 2014

description: The project of a full-fledged atmospheric aesthetics is largely committed to the descriptive tools of felt experiences, just in keeping with a phenomenological – or, better, a neo-phenomenological – approach. However, description, what we might call ‘atmospherography’, all the more one allegedly accomplished from a first-person point of view, is always a partial, if not particular, perspective. Thus a coherent aesthetics of atmospheres has also to envisage a systematic way of connecting the manifold of descriptions in a theory, call it ‘atmospherology’, which in turn should be able to account for a number of possible experiential counterfactuals. The present paper critically explores the consistency of both the epistemological and ontological consequences of an aesthetics of atmospheres, as sketched mainly by Gernot Böhme, a pioneer and a leading figure in this research field, and tries to specify at least some refutability conditions for such a theory.
description: Lebenswelt. Aesthetics and philosophy of experience., No 4 (2014)
Carbonates in space - The challenge of low temperature data
Creators: name: Posch, Th.
name: Baier, A.
name: Mutschke, H.
name: Henning, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Carbonates have repeatedly been discussed as possible carriers of stardust emission bands. However, the band assignments proposed so far were mainly based on room temperature powder transmission spectra of the respective minerals. Since very cold calcite grains have been claimed to be present in protostars and in Planetary Nebulae such as NGC 6302, the changes of their dielectric functions at low temperatures are relevant from an astronomical point of view. We have derived the IR optical constants of calcite and dolomite from reflectance spectra - measured at 300, 200, 100 and 10K - and calculated small particle spectra for different grain shapes, with the following results: i) The absorption efficiency factors both of calcite and dolomite are extremely dependent on the particle shapes. This is due to the high peak values of the optical constants of CaCO3 and CaMg[CO3]2. ii) The far infrared properties of calcite and dolomite depend also very significantly on the temperature. Below 200K, a pronounced sharpening and increase in the band strengths of the FIR resonances occurs. iii) In view of the intrinsic strength and sharpening of the 44 mum band of calcite at 200-100K, the absence of this band -- inferred from Infrared Space Observatory data -- in PNe requires dust temperatures below 45K. iv) Calcite grains at such low temperatures can account for the '92' mum band, while our data rule out dolomite as the carrier of the 60-65 mum band. The optical constants here presented are publicly available in the electronic database http://www.astro.uni-jena.de/Laboratory/OCDB
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, accepted by ApJ, corrected typos
Die Räumung des „Reichsgaus Wartheland" vom 16. bis 26. Januar 1945 im Spiegel amtlicher Berichte
Creators: name: Kenéz, Csaba János
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 1997

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 46 Nr. 2 (1997)
Klaus Garber, Das alte Buch im alten Europa. Auf Spurensuche in den Schatzhäusern des alten Kontinents
Creators: name: Haberland, Detlef
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung
Year: 2006

description: Zeitschrift für Ostmitteleuropa-Forschung, Bd. 55 Nr. 1 (2006)
Inversion of reflection seismograms
Creators: name: Levy, Shlomo
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A method for the estimation of impedance or pseudo-velocity sections from the information contained in CMP stacked sections, the corresponding stacking velocities and sonic and density logs (when available) is presented. The method relies on a linear programming approach for the reconstruction of full-band reflectivities, and utilizes linearized relations between the multiple free reflectivity functions and average or point-wise impedance or velocity values. The reconstruction procedure requires the solution of an underdetermined set of equations and hence a minimum structure condition is imposed on the desired solution. This condition guaranties the uniqueness of the obtained solution in the sense that it is the solution that features the least amount of impedance variations as a function of travel-time (or depth). Since the presented inversion yields minimum structure solutions, it is argued that features which appear on the obtained result are strictly demanded by the data and are not artifacts of the inversion scheme. A number of physical assumptions are required by the presented inversion. These are summarized below in point form: (1) The earth reflectivity function is non-white and can be reasonably represented by a sparse spike train. (2) The observed CMP stacked section is a reasonable representation of the multiple-free normal-ray section with reasonably correct relative amplitude relations. (3) The residual wavelet on the stacked section is to a good approximation a zero-phase wavelet with a relatively flat spectrum. (4) The estimated stacking velocities can be inverted to yield an acceptable representation of the averages of the true earth velocity model. Since in a realistic environment some of the above assumptions may be violated, all the corresponding relations in the presented inversion scheme include appropriate uncertainty terms. That is, all the information components considered in the inversion are satisfied only to within some prespecified error bounds. A number of possibilities for speeding up the inversion scheme are described. It is shown that utilizing the expected trace-to-trace coherency of seismic reflection data yields considerable reduction in computational efforts. Finally, a number of steps required for a successful completion of the inversion are described. In particular, the problems of preinversion data scaling and the correction of the residual wavelet's phase are discussed in some detail.
The Be/neutron star system Swift J004929.5-733107 in the Small Magellanic Cloud -- X-ray characteristics and optical counterpart candidates
Creators: name: Coe, M. J.
name: Kennea, J. A.
name: Evans, P. A.
name: Townsend, L. J.
name: Udalski, A.
name: Monageng, I. M.
name: Buckley, D. A. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Swift J004929.5-733107 is an X-ray source in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) that has been reported several times, but the optical counterpart has been unclear due to source confusion in a crowded region of the SMC. Previous works proposed [MA93] 302 as the counterpart, however we show here, using data obtained from the S-CUBED project, that the X-ray positio is inconsistent with that object. Instead we propose a previously unclassified object which has all the indications of being a newly identified Be star exhibiting strong HU emission. Evidence for the presence of significant I-band variability strongly suggest that this is, in fact, a Be type star with a large circumstellar disk. Over 18 years worth of optical monitoring by the OGLE project reveal a periodic modulation at a period of 413d, probably the binary period of the system. A SALT optical spectrum shows strong Balmer emission and supports a proposed spectral classification of B1-3 III-IVe. The X-ray data obtained from the S-CUBED project reveal a time-averaged spectrum well fitted by a photon index = 0.93 pm 0.16. Assuming the known distance to the SMC the flux corresponds to a luminosity 10E35 erg/s. All of these observational facts suggest that this is confirmed as a Be star-neutron star X-ray binary (BeXRB) in the SMC, albeit one with an unusually long binary period at the limits of the Corbet Diagram.
description: 9 pages 12 figures
Scaling and dynamics of sphere and disk impact into granular media
Creators: name: Goldman, Daniel I
name: Umbanhowar, Paul B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct measurements of the acceleration of spheres and disks impacting granular media reveal simple power law scalings along with complex dynamics which bear the signatures of both fluid and solid behavior. The penetration depth scales linearly with impact velocity while the collision duration is constant for sufficiently large impact velocity. Both quantities exhibit power law dependence on sphere diameter and density, and gravitational acceleration. The acceleration during impact is characterized by two jumps: a rapid, velocity dependent increase upon initial contact and a similarly sharp, depth dependent decrease as the impacting object comes to rest. Examining the measured forces on the sphere in the vicinity of these features leads to a new experimentally based granular force model for collision. We discuss our findings in the context of recently proposed phenomenological models that capture qualitative dynamical features of impact but fail both quantitatively and in their inability to capture significant acceleration fluctuations that occur during penetration and which depend on the impacted material.
description: 14 pages, 22 figures, 3 tables
Il paesaggio dentro il museo
Creators: name: Di Monte, Maria Giuseppina
Publisher: name: Lebenswelt. Aesthetics and philosophy of experience.
Year: 2014

description: At the end of the nineteenth century the conception of the museum begins to change, and during the twentieth century it becomes a place not exclusively devoted to conservation. In the last few years, museums invested a lot in the atmospheric components. What is the visitor’s mood in the appreciation of the museum space? How can the aesthetics of atmospheres be an instrument for investigating the phenomenon? The paper analyzes the contribution of this approach to the museum space.
description: Lebenswelt. Aesthetics and philosophy of experience., No 4 (2014)