cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Pace strategy in mountain running: a study of the pace of athletes in the Brazilian championship of skyrunning in the distance of 50km in Jaraguá do Sul - SC
Creators: name: Novakoski, Juliano de Almeida
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Introduction: One of the determining factors for the good performance of running athletes is their pace, however there are very few studies on “pacing” in mountain running. In this context, the present work sought to analyze the athletes' behavior in relation to the distribution of time spent in the first and second part of the race, as well as in the horizontal and vertical distance, analyzing the time spent in the ascents and descents. Methods: Sixteen male runners, with at least 4 years of experience in this sport, participated in the research. The selected test was the Sky Ultra of 48 km and 2758 m+ of elevation. Uphill, downhill, first half and second half of the race were examined to analyze the athletes' time distribution. Results: In this study, the average time taken to complete the test was 5:42:36, varying between 4:57:41 and 6:17:37. The average pace per kilometer was 07:08 ± 00:25 min:sec. There was no significant difference between the first and second half of the test, despite a tendency to progressive split. Of the 48 km, approximately 18.6 km were uphill and 22.03 km were downhill. The ascent times were significantly longer than the descent times, representing 61.9% of the total time going up and 38.1% going down. Conclusion: With this study, we can conclude that in the Brazilian skyrunning championship in the 48 km distance of 2023, the athletes had a slightly faster second part of the race than the first, possibly due to the lower elevation gain. In addition, more than 60% of the total race time athletes spend going uphill compared to downhill
Additional file 1 of Safety and efficacy of corticosteroids in ARDS patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data
Creators: name: Chang, Xinyan
name: Li, Shaojun
name: Fu, Yueqiang
name: Dang, Hongxing
name: Liu, Chengjun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Search strategy. Figure S1. Assess risk of bias. A. Risk of bias summary; B. Risk of bias graph. Figure S2. The effect of corticosteroids on mortality in ICU, in hospital and 60-days. A. Mortality in ICU; B. Mortality in hospital; C. Mortality at 60-days. Figure S3. Ventilation-free days at day 28 among patients with ARDS. Figure S4. Duration of hospital stay and ICU stay among patients with ARDS. A. ICU stay; B. Hospital stay. Figure S5. Adverse events among patients with ARDS. A. Hyperglycemia; B. Gastroduodenal bleeding. Figure S6. The effect of corticosteroids on mortality at 28 days. Studies subdivided by different dosage of methylprednisolone. Figure S7. The effect of corticosteroids on mortality at 28 days. Studies subdivided by different treatment duration of methylprednisolone. Figure S8. Assess the potential publication bias. (A) Egger's test; (B) Begg’s test.
An Overview of the Role of Neuroplasticity in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Mental Illness: A Mini-Review.
Creators: name: Thornton, Owen R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Neuroplasticity is the brain's ability to change and adapt in response to internal and external stimuli. Through alterations in the number of neurons or glia, formation of new circuits, strengthening or weakening specific synapses, changing the number of dendritic spines, and/or other mechanisms, neuroplasticity contributes to dynamic and adaptive changes in synaptic strength [1][2]. However, impairments in neuroplasticity have been linked to the development of psychiatric and neurological disorders, including depression-like disorders [3][4]. In fact, reduced neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity are found in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) [3]. Other studies have shown that abnormal neuroplasticity has been observed in individuals with MDD [4]. Reduced neuroplasticity can be attributed to the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in synaptic plasticity by epigenetic mechanisms [4]. This impairment contributes significantly towards the development of cognitive and affective symptoms associated with MDD [3]. Inducing or harnessing neuroplasticity has emerged as a promising treatment approach to counterbalance these maladaptive influences and alleviate symptomologies [3]. Developing novel methods of stimulating neuroplasticity may be an effective approach to complement current therapies for psychiatric disorders targeting neuroplasticity. However, there is still a need for further research on how neuroplasticity contributes to the development of mental illness. Nonetheless, identifying how neuroplasticity is regulated and altered in psychiatric disorders is necessary for developing treatments that target underlying abnormalities in neuroplasticity [3].
Additional file 1 of Genome-wide identification and expression profile analysis of metal tolerance protein gene family in Eucalyptus grandis under metal stresses
Creators: name: Shirazi, Zahra
name: Khakdan, Fatemeh
name: Rafiei, Fariba
name: Balalami, Mahdi Yahyazadeh
name: Ranjbar, Mojtaba
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1.
Magnum ac novum opus, vol. 6
Creators: name: Strada, Jacobus
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Magnum ac novum opus, Continens descriptionem Vitae, imaginum, numismatum omnium <...> Imperatorum <...> usque ad Carolu[m] V. Imperatorem
description: 06
A Classical Analog to Entanglement Reversibility
Creators: name: Chitambar, Eric
name: Fortescue, Ben
name: Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this letter we introduce the problem of secrecy reversibility. This asks when two honest parties can distill secret bits from some tripartite distribution $p_{XYZ}$ and transform secret bits back into $p_{XYZ}$ at equal rates using local operation and public communication (LOPC). This is the classical analog to the well-studied problem of reversibly concentrating and diluting entanglement in a quantum state. We identify the structure of distributions possessing reversible secrecy when one of the honest parties holds a binary distribution, and it is possible that all reversible distributions have this form. These distributions are more general than what is obtained by simply constructing a classical analog to the family of quantum states known to have reversible entanglement. An indispensable tool used in our analysis is a conditional form of the Gács-Körner Common Information.
Additional file 1 of COV-OBS.x2: 180 years of geomagnetic field evolution from ground-based and satellite observations
Creators: name: Huder, Loïc
name: Gillet, Nicolas
name: Finlay, Christopher C.
name: Hammer, Magnus D.
name: Tchoungui, Hervé
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1. Impact of the 3 parameters for the axial dipole prior.
Distinct contributions of the caudate nucleus, rostral prefrontal cortex, and parietal cortex to the execution of instructed tasks
Creators: name: Stocco, Andrea
name: Lebiere, Christian
name: O'Reilly, Randall C.
name: Anderson, John R.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: When we behave according to rules and instructions, our brains interpret abstract representations of what to do and transform them into actual behavior. In order to investigate the neural mechanisms behind this process, we devised an fMRI experiment that explicitly isolated rule interpretation from rule encoding and execution. Our results showed that a specific network of regions (including the left rostral prefrontal cortex, the caudate nucleus, and the bilateral posterior parietal cortices) is responsible for translating rules into executable form. An analysis of activation patterns across conditions revealed that the posterior parietal cortices represent a mental template for the task to perform, that the inferior parietal gyrus and the caudate nucleus are responsible for instantiating the template in the proper context, and that the left rostral prefrontal cortex integrates information across complex relationships.
Opinion Dynamics with Confirmation Bias
Creators: name: Allahverdyan, A. E.
name: Galstyan, Aram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: Confirmation bias is the tendency to acquire or evaluate new information in a way that is consistent with one's preexisting beliefs. It is omnipresent in psychology, economics, and even scientific practices. Prior theoretical research of this phenomenon has mainly focused on its economic implications possibly missing its potential connections with broader notions of cognitive science. Methodology/Principal Findings: We formulate a (non-Bayesian) model for revising subjective probabilistic opinion of a confirmationally-biased agent in the light of a persuasive opinion. The revision rule ensures that the agent does not react to persuasion that is either far from his current opinion or coincides with it. We demonstrate that the model accounts for the basic phenomenology of the social judgment theory, and allows to study various phenomena such as cognitive dissonance and boomerang effect. The model also displays the order of presentation effect|when consecutively exposed to two opinions, the preference is given to the last opinion (recency) or the first opinion (primacy)|and relates recency to confirmation bias. Finally, we study the model in the case of repeated persuasion and analyze its convergence properties. Conclusions: The standard Bayesian approach to probabilistic opinion revision is inadequate for describing the observed phenomenology of persuasion process. The simple non-Bayesian model proposed here does agree with this phenomenology and is capable of reproducing a spectrum of effects observed in psychology: primacy-recency phenomenon, boomerang effect and cognitive dissonance. We point out several limitations of the model that should motivate its future development.
description: 18 pages
Does acquisition of Greeble expertise in prosopagnosia rule out a domain-general deficit?
Creators: name: Bukach, Cindy M.
name: Gauthier, Isabel
name: Tarr, Michael J.
name: Kadlec, Helena
name: Barth, Sara
name: Ryan, Emily
name: Turpin, Justin
name: Bub, Daniel N.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: According to the expertise account of face specialization, a deficit that affects general expertise mechanisms should similarly impair the expert individuation of both faces and other visually homogeneous object classes. To test this possibility, we attempted to train a prosopagnosic patient, LR, to become a Greeble expert using the standard Greeble expertise-training paradigm (Gauthier & Tarr, 2002). Previous research demonstrated that LR's prosopagnosia was related to an inability to simultaneously use multiple features in a speeded face recognition task (Bukach, Bub, Gauthier, & Tarr, 2006). We hypothesized that LR's inability to use multiple face features would manifest in his acquisition of Greeble expertise, even though his basic object recognition is unimpaired according to standard neuropsychological testing. Although LR was eventually able to reach expertise criterion, he took many more training sessions than controls, suggesting use of an abnormal strategy. To further explore LR's Greeble processing strategies, we assessed his ability to use multiple Greeble features both before and after Greeble training. LR's performance in two versions of this task demonstrates that, even after training, he relies heavily on a single feature to identify Greebles. This correspondence between LR's face recognition and post-training Greeble recognition supports the idea that impaired face recognition is simply the most visible symptom of a more general object recognition impairment in acquired prosopagnosia.
gewaltaufdersekundarstufe.ch. Ein Manual zur Prävention von Gewalt auf der Sekundarstufe und seine Anwendbarkeit in verschiedenen Schulformen
Creators: name: Brüschweiler, Noëmi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Sonderpädagogik
Masterarbeit
Gewalt
Sekundarstufe
Prävention

description: Gewalt an Schweizer Schulen ist ein weit verbreitetes Problem. Nur die Hälfte der Schweizer Schülerinnen und Schüler fühlen sich in ihrer Schule komplett sicher und über ein Drittel hat in der Schule bereits physische Gewalt erfahren. Um diesem Problem professionell und zielführend zu begegnen, wird ein webbasiertes Manual entwickelt, das Lehrpersonen der Sekundarstufe dabei unterstützen soll, Wissen aufzubauen und präventive Massnahmen mit Lehrplanbezug in ihrem Unterricht umzusetzen. Das Manual bietet einen Überblick über die Formen von Gewalt an Schulen, den Ursachen von Gewalt sowie Massnahmen zur Prävention und Intervention. Um zu prüfen, ob das Manual effektiv und benutzerfreundlich ist, wird es von Lehrpersonen unterschiedlicher Schulformen getestet und bewertet. Die Rückmeldungen der Lehrpersonen werden ausgewertet und für die weitere Verbesserung des Manuals verwendet.
Additional file 2 of Positive selection in admixed populations from Ethiopia
Creators: name: Walsh, Sandra
name: Pagani, Luca
name: Yali Xue
name: Laayouni, Hafid
name: Tyler-Smith, Chris
name: Bertranpetit, Jaume
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2 Supplementary Table 1. The 99.99th and 99.90th percentile thresholds of SFselect and iHS calculated after the neutral simulations. Supplementary Table 2. SFselect positive selection signals found in the five populations of study. Supplementary Table 3. SFselect positive selection signals found in the five populations of study. Supplementary Table 4. iHS positive selection signals found in the five populations of study. Supplementary Table 5. iHS positive selection signals shared among the five populations of study.
Practical implementation of mutually unbiased bases using quantum circuits
Creators: name: Seyfarth, U.
name: Sanchez-Soto, L. L.
name: Leuchs, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of measurements necessary to perform the quantum state reconstruction of a system of qubits grows exponentially with the number of constituents, creating a major obstacle for the design of scalable tomographic schemes. We work out a simple and efficient method based on cyclic generation of mutually unbiased bases. The basic generator requires only Hadamard and controlled-phase gates, which are available in most practical realizations of these systems. We show how complete sets of mutually unbiased bases with different entanglement structures can be realized for three and four qubits. We also analyze the quantum circuits implementing the various entanglement classes.
description: 5 pages, 2 color figures. Comments welcome!
Magnum ac novum opus, vol. 7
Creators: name: Strada, Jacobus
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Magnum ac novum opus, Continens descriptionem Vitae, imaginum, numismatum omnium <...> Imperatorum <...> usque ad Carolu[m] V. Imperatorem
description: 07
Effects of prenatal community violence and ambient air pollution on childhood wheeze in an urban population.
Creators: name: Yueh-Hsiu Matilda  Chiu
name: Coull, Brent A.
name: Sternthal, Michelle J
name: Kloog, Itai
name: Schwartz, Joel
name: Cohen, Sheldon
name: Wright, Rosalind J
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposures to stress and physical toxins influence children's respiratory health, although few studies consider these factors together.
OBJECTIVES: We sought to concurrently examine the effects of prenatal community-level psychosocial (exposure to community violence [ECV]) and physical (air pollution) stressors on repeated wheeze in 708 urban children followed to age 2 years.
METHODS: Multi-item ECV reported by mothers in pregnancy was summarized into a continuous score by using Rasch modeling. Prenatal black carbon exposure was estimated by using land-use regression (LUR) modeling; particulate matter with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was estimated by using LUR modeling incorporating satellite data. Mothers reported child's wheeze every 3 months. The effects of ECV and air pollutants on repeated wheeze (≥2 episodes) were examined by using logistic regression. Interactions between ECV and pollutants were examined.
RESULTS: Mothers were primarily black (29%) and Hispanic (55%), with lower education (62% with ≤12 years); 87 (12%) children wheezed repeatedly. In models examining concurrent exposures, ECV (odds ratio [OR], 1.95; 95% CI, 1.13-3.36; highest vs lowest tertile) and black carbon (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.08-3.12; median or greater vs less than median) were independently associated with wheeze adjusting for sex, birth season, maternal atopy, education, race, and cockroach antigen. Associations were similar for PM2.5 (adjusted OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.20-3.40). An interaction between ECV with air pollution levels was suggested.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that both prenatal community violence and air pollution can contribute to respiratory health in these urban children. Moreover, place-based psychosocial stressors might affect host resistance such that physical pollutants can have adverse effects, even at relatively lower levels.
Effects of social reorganization on cellular immunity in male cynomolgus monkeys
Creators: name: Line, Scott W
name: Kaplan, Jay R
name: Heise, Eugene R
name: Hilliard, Julia K
name: Cohen, Sheldon
name: Rabin, Bruce S
name: Manuck, Stephen B
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Exposure to acute stressors has been shown to impair cellular immunity in human beings and other animal species. Comparatively little is known, however, about the effects of long-term stressors on immune function and how individual behavioral characteristics may mediate differences in immune function and clinical disease susceptibility. To determine the effects of social stress on cellular immunity and reactivation of a latent herpesvirus, 20 Herpes B virus-positive male cynomolgus monkeys were exposed to four periodic reorganizations of social group memberships over 5 months. Observations were made to categorize individuals as high or low in expression of aggressive, fearful, and affiliative behaviors. Complete blood counts, lymphocyte proliferation tests, and natural killer cell cytotoxicity assays were performed immediately before and 4 days after reorganizations. Herpesvirus-specific immunoglobulin G antibody levels were measured, and oral and conjunctival swabs were cultured for virus. Reorganization was associated with increased lymphocyte counts (P = 0.0009) and decreased lymphocyte proliferation in response to phytohemagglutinin (P < 0.005), particularly among monkeys showing high levels of fear (P = 0.0137). High-aggressive monkeys showed lower baseline natural killer cell activity (P = 0.0013) and higher lymphocyte counts (P = 0.013) than low-aggressive monkeys. Herpesvirus antibody titers decreased over time (P < 0.004) and no positive virus cultures were obtained. Measures of cellular immunity and behavior were unrelated to virus-specific antibody titers. These results suggest that repeated exposure to a social stressor alters several measures of cellular immunity, and that some of these changes may be predicted by individual differences in agonistic behavior. In contrast to human studies, the results suggest that some psychological stressors may not cause reactivation of a common herpesvirus in this species.
Additional file 2 of Pathways to ovarian cancer diagnosis: a qualitative study
Creators: name: Lawson-Michod, Katherine A.
name: Watt, Melissa H.
name: Grieshober, Laurie
name: Green, Sarah E.
name: Karabegovic, Lea
name: Derzon, Samantha
name: Owens, Makelle
name: McCarty, Rachel D.
name: Doherty, Jennifer A.
name: Barnard, Mollie E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Information 2. Provider semi-structured telephone interview questions.
Hyperbolic Fourier coefficients of Poincaré series
Creators: name: O'Sullivan, Cormac
name: Taylor, Karen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F11, 11F30

description: Poincaré in 1911 and Petersson in 1932 gave the now classical expression for the parabolic Fourier coefficients of holomorphic Poincaré series in terms of Bessel functions and Kloosterman sums. Later, in 1941, Petersson introduced hyperbolic and elliptic Fourier expansions of modular forms and the associated hyperbolic and elliptic Poincaré series. In this paper we express the hyperbolic Fourier coefficients of Poincaré series, of both parabolic and hyperbolic type, in terms of hypergeometric series and Good's generalized Kloosterman sums. In an explicit example for the modular group, we see that the hyperbolic Kloosterman sum corresponds to a sum over lattice points on a hyperbola contained in an ellipse. This allows for numerical computation of the hyperbolic Fourier coefficients.
description: 38 pages, typos corrected
Magnum ac novum opus, vol. 8
Creators: name: Strada, Jacobus
Publisher: name: unkn
Year: 2021

description: Magnum ac novum opus, Continens descriptionem Vitae, imaginum, numismatum omnium <...> Imperatorum <...> usque ad Carolu[m] V. Imperatorem
description: 08
Additional file 2 of Safety and efficacy of corticosteroids in ARDS patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCT data
Creators: name: Chang, Xinyan
name: Li, Shaojun
name: Fu, Yueqiang
name: Dang, Hongxing
name: Liu, Chengjun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Characteristics of the 14 randomized clinical trials of corticosteroids in patients with ARDS.
Comparison of subject-reported allergy versus skin test results in a common cold trial.
Creators: name: Krahnke, Jason S
name: Gentile, Deborah A
name: Cordoro, Kelly M
name: Angelini, Betty L
name: Cohen, Sheldon
name: Doyle, William J
name: Skoner, David P
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Background: Few studies have examined the relationship between subject-reported allergy and results of allergy skin testing in large unselected or unbiased cohorts. The objective of this study was to compare the results of self-reported allergy via verbal questioning with the results of allergy skin testing by the puncture method in 237 healthy adult subjects enrolled in a common cold study. Methods: On enrollment, all subjects were verbally asked if they had a history of allergy and then underwent puncture skin testing to 19 relevant aeroallergens, as well as appropriate positive and negative controls. A skin test was considered positive if its wheal diameter was at least 3 mm larger than that obtained with the negative control. Results: Forty-eight (20%) subjects reported a history of allergy and 124 (52%) subjects had at least one positive skin test response. A history of allergy was reported in 40 (32%) of the skin test-positive subjects and 8 (7%) of the skin testFrom negative subjects. At least one positive skin test response was found in 40 (83%) of those subjects reporting a history of allergy and 84 (44%) of those subjects denying a history of allergy. Conclusion: These data indicate that there is a relatively poor correlation between self-reported history of allergy and skin test results in subjects enrolled in a common cold study. These results have implications in both clinical practice and research settings.
Additional file 1 of Differential immunophenotype of circulating monocytes from pregnant women in response to viral ligands
Creators: name: Farias-Jofre, Marcelo
name: Romero, Roberto
name: Xu, Yi
name: Levenson, Dustyn
name: Tao, Li
name: Kanninen, Tomi
name: Galaz, Jose
name: Arenas-Hernandez, Marcia
name: Liu, Zhenjie
name: Miller, Derek
name: Bhatti, Gaurav
name: Seyerle, Megan
name: Tarca, Adi L.
name: Gomez-Lopez, Nardhy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1. Table S1.
Improvements in Ultrasound Mediated Drug Delivery using Microbubble Contrast Agents and Application in Ex-Vivo Porcine Eyes
Creators: name: Feingold, Steven
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2013

description: Ultrasound mediated drug delivery is a growing field which shows great promise. However, the ability to uniformly deliver acoustic energy to large 3D volumes of tissue remains a challenge for drug delivery. Additionally, uneven drug loading and large size distributions in microbubble contrast agents (MCAs) reduce the ability to control therapeutic dosing. The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate improvements in the field through new techniques in producing acoustically active drug delivery agents and applying ultrasonic parameters to volumetric regions of interest. The use of a computer controlled motion stage to apply ultrasound to a 3D volume of tissue is shown, allowing the uniform delivery of destructive pulses and acoustic radiation force. This technique is demonstrated in a novel application for treating diseases of the posterior segment of the eye. Injections of MCAs loaded with fluorescent dye into the suprachoroidal space of ex-vivo porcine globes are used to assess the feasibility of ultrasound mediated drug delivery for treating tissues in the rear of the eye. Also demonstrated is the production of MCAs with a controlled size and drug loading distribution for oil soluble compounds, which could enable greater control over therapeutic dosing.
Configural Processing in Autism and its Relationship to Face Processing
Creators: name: Behrmann, Marlene
name: Avidan, Galia
name: Leonard, Grace Lee
name: Rutie  Kimchi
name: Luna, Beatriz
name: Humphreys, Kate
name: Minshew, Nancy
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Studies of the perceptual performance of individuals with autism have focused, to a large extent, on two domains of visual behavior, one associated with face processing and the other associated with global or holistic processing. Whether autistic individuals differ from neurotypical individuals in these domains is debatable and, moreover, the relationship between the behaviors in these two domains remains unclear. We first compared the face processing ability of 14 adult individuals with autism with that of neurotypical controls and showed that the autistic individuals were slowed in their speed of face discrimination.We then showed that the two groups differed in their ability to derive the global whole in two different tasks, one using hierarchical compound letters and the other using a microgenetic primed matching task with geometric shapes, with the autistic group showing a bias in favor of local information. A significant correlation was also observed between performance on the face task and the configural tasks. We then confirmed the prediction that the ability to derive the global whole is not only critical for faces but also for other objects as well, as the autistic individuals performed more slowly than the control group in discriminating between objects. Taken together, the results suggest that the bias for local processing seen in autistic individuals might have an adverse impact on their ability to process faces and objects.
Evaluation of Apple Root-Associated Endophytic Streptomyces pulveraceus Strain ES16 by an OSMAC-Assisted Metabolomics Approach
Creators: name: Armin, Reyhaneh
name: Zühlke, Sebastian
name: Mahnkopp-Dirks, Felix
name: Winkelmann, Traud
name: Kusari, Souvik
Publisher: name: Lausanne : Frontiers Media
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: apple replant disease
subject: geosmin
subject: HPLC-HRMS
subject: MALDI-HRMSI
subject: mirubactin
subject: OSMAC
subject: SPME-GC-MS
subject: Streptomyces pulveraceus
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: The One Strain Many Compounds approach (OSMAC) is a powerful and comprehensive method that enables the chemo-diversity evaluation of microorganisms. This is achieved by variations of physicochemical cultivation parameters and by providing biotic and abiotic triggers to mimic microorganisms' natural environment in the lab. This approach can reactivate the silent biosynthetic routes of specific metabolites typically not biosynthesized under standard laboratory conditions. In the present study, we combined the OSMAC approach with static headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-HRMSn), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-HRMSI) to evaluate the chemoecological significance of an apple root-associated endophytic Streptomyces pulveraceus strain ES16. We employed the OSMAC approach by cultivating the endophyte in six different media conditions and performed temporal studies over 14 days. Analysis of the volatilome revealed that only under stressful conditions associated with sporulation, endophytic S. pulveraceus ES16 produces geosmin, a volatile semiochemical known to attract the soil arthropods Collembola (springtails) specifically. Subsequently, targeted metabolic profiling revealed polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PTMs) production by the endophyte under stress, which are bioactive against various pathogens. Additionally, the endophyte produced the iron-chelating siderophore, mirubactin, under the same conditions. The structures of the compounds were evaluated using HRMSn and by comparison with literature data. Finally, MALDI-HRMSI revealed the produced compounds' spatial-temporal distribution over 14 days. The compounds were profusely secreted into the medium after production. Our results indicate that endophytic S. pulveraceus ES16 can release the signal molecule geosmin, chemical defense compounds such as the PTMs, as well as the siderophore mirubactin into the host plant apoplast or the soil for ecologically meaningful purposes, which are discussed.
Reduced Order Models and Regression for Applications to Structural Modeling
Creators: name: Bollinger, Kayla
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10399 Numerical and Computational Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This thesis presents two nonlinear model reduction methods for systems of equations. One model utilizes a structured neural network, taking the form of a “threelayer” network with the first layer constrained to lie on the Grassmann manifold and the first activation function set to identity, while the remaining network is a standard two-layer ReLU neural network. The Grassmann layer determines the reduced basis for the input space, while the remaining layers approximate the nonlinear inputoutput system. The training alternates between learning the reduced basis and the nonlinear approximation, and is shown to be more effective than fixing the reduced basis and training the network only. An additional benefit of this approach is, for data that lie on low-dimensional subspaces, that the number of parameters in the network does not need to be large. The other model utilizes a random feature expansion which also takes the form of a three-layer network. The first layer uses linear dimension reduction techniques to determine a reduced basis for the input space and the second layer is randomized with sparse weights. These two layers are held fixed, and the last layer is trained using ridge regression. One benefit of this approach is that the model shares similar function spaces as neural networks, but has a shorter training time. We show that these methods can be applied to scientific problems in the data-scarce regime, which is typically not well-suited for standard neural network approximations. Examples include reduced order modeling for nonlinear dynamical systems and several aerospace engineering problems.
Loop Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Chiou, Dah-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article presents an "in-a-nutshell" yet self-contained introductory review on loop quantum gravity (LQG) -- a background-independent, nonperturbative approach to a consistent quantum theory of gravity. Instead of rigorous and systematic derivations, it aims to provide a general picture of LQG, placing emphasis on the fundamental ideas and their significance. The canonical formulation of LQG, as the central topic of the article, is presented in a logically orderly fashion with moderate details, while the spin foam theory, black hole thermodynamics, and loop quantum cosmology are covered briefly. Current directions and open issues are also summarized.
description: Invited review article. A large part based on arXiv:gr-qc/0404018 by A. Ashtekar and J. Lewandowski and "Quantum Gravity" by C. Rovelli. To appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D and in "One Hundred Years of General Relativity: Cosmology and Gravity," edited by Wei-Tou Ni (World Scientific, Singapore, 2015)
Additional file 2 of Differential immunophenotype of circulating monocytes from pregnant women in response to viral ligands
Creators: name: Farias-Jofre, Marcelo
name: Romero, Roberto
name: Xu, Yi
name: Levenson, Dustyn
name: Tao, Li
name: Kanninen, Tomi
name: Galaz, Jose
name: Arenas-Hernandez, Marcia
name: Liu, Zhenjie
name: Miller, Derek
name: Bhatti, Gaurav
name: Seyerle, Megan
name: Tarca, Adi L.
name: Gomez-Lopez, Nardhy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 2. Figure S1.
Amp-TB2: An Updated Model for Calcic Amphibole Thermobarometry
Creators: name: Ridolfi, Filippo
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Alkaline magma
subject: Amphibole
subject: Calc-alkaline magma
subject: Igneous rock
subject: Magma chamber
subject: Magma feeding system
subject: Thermobarometry
subject: Volcanoes
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::550 | Geowissenschaften

description: Amphibole (Amp) plays a crucial role in the study of several earth and planetary processes. One of its most common applications is in thermobarometry, especially for volcanic-magmatic systems. However, many thermobarometers require the input of melt composition, which is not always available in volcanic products (e.g., partially crystallized melts or devitrified glasses), or show rather high errors for characterizing the depth of magma chambers. In this work, a new version of amphibole thermobarometry based on the selection of recently published high-quality experimental data is reported. It is valid for Mg-rich calcic amphiboles in magmatic equilibrium with calc-alkaline or alkaline melts across a wide P-T range (up to 2200 MPa and 1130◦ C) and presents the advantage of being a single-phase model with relatively low errors (P ±12%, T ±22◦ C, logf O2 ±0.3, H2 O in the melt ±14%). A user-friendly spreadsheet (Amp-TB2.xlsx) for calculating the physico-chemical parameters from the composition of natural amphiboles is also reported. It gives warnings whenever the input composition is incorrect or diverges from that of the calibration data and includes diagrams for an easy graphical representation of the results.
Does Harboring Hostility Hurt? Associations Between Hostility and Pulmonary Function in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) Study
Creators: name: Jackson, Benita
name: Kubzansky, Laura D
name: Cohen, Sheldon
name: Jacobs, David R
name: Wright, Rosalind J
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Objective: To examine the cross-sectional association between hostility and pulmonary function (PF) and its consistency across race/ethnicity–gender groups. Design: Data were from the Coronary Artery Risk Devel- opment in (Young) Adults (CARDIA) cohort study (N  4,629). Participants were recruited from 4 metropolitan areas in the United States, ages 18 –30 years at baseline in 1985–1986, approximately balanced across race/ethnicity (Black, White) and gender. Main Outcome Measures: Main outcome measures were percent predicted values for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). Results: In full-sample multiple linear regression analyses, each 1 standard deviation (SD) increase in hostility was associated with a 0.66% decrease in FEV1 ( p  .0002) and a 0.60% decrease in FVC ( p  .0006). This inverse association of hostility with PF remained after controlling for age, height, current socioeconomic status (SES), participant smoking status, and asthma and is more consistent than that of smoking and PF. In stratified analyses, each 1 SD increase in hostility predicted statistically significant reductions in PF for Black women, White women, and Black men. For White men, hostility showed no statistically significant relation with PF, although the pattern relating hostility to PF was similar to the pattern in the other three groups. Further, both of the post hoc three-way interaction terms for hostility, race/ethnicity, and gender predicting FEV1 and FVC were nonsignificant. Conclusion: PF was inversely associated with hostility across race/ethnicity and gender, independent of age, height, current SES, smoking, and asthma. On the basis of these cross-sectional findings, the authors hypothesize that higher hostility will predict a more rapid decline in PF.
Fringe Projection Profilometry in Production Metrology: A Multi-Scale Comparison in Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming
Creators: name: Hinz, Lennart
name: Metzner, Sebastian
name: Müller, Philipp
name: Schulte, Robert
name: Besserer, Hans-Bernward
name: Wackenrohr, Steffen
name: Sauer, Christopher
name: Kästner, Markus
name: Hausotte, Tino
name: Hübner, Sven
name: Nürnberger, Florian
name: Schleich, Benjamin
name: Behrens, Bernd-Arno
name: Wartzack, Sandro
name: Merklein, Marion
name: Reithmeier, Eduard
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Coordinate metrology
subject: Fringe projection
subject: Production metrology
subject: Sheet-bulk metal forming
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: Fringe projection profilometry in combination with other optical measuring technologies has established itself over the last decades as an essential complement to conventional, tactile measuring devices. The non-contact, holistic reconstruction of complex geometries within fractions of a second in conjunction with the lightweight and transportable sensor design open up many fields of application in production metrology. Furthermore, triangulation-based measuring principles feature good scalability, which has led to 3D scanners for various scale ranges. Innovative and modern production processes, such as sheet-bulk metal forming, thus, utilize fringe projection profilometry in many respects to monitor the process, quantify possible wear and improve production technology. Therefore, it is essential to identify the appropriate 3D scanner for each application and to properly evaluate the acquired data. Through precise knowledge of the measurement volume and the relative uncertainty with respect to the specimen and scanner position, adapted measurement strategies and integrated production concepts can be realized. Although there are extensive industrial standards and guidelines for the quantification of sensor performance, evaluation and tolerancing is mainly global and can, therefore, neither provide assistance in the correct, application-specific positioning and alignment of the sensor nor reflect the local characteristics within the measuring volume. Therefore, this article compares fringe projection systems across various scale ranges by positioning and scanning a calibrated sphere in a high resolution grid.
Does Positive Affect Influence Health?
Creators: name: Pressman, Sarah D
name: Cohen, Sheldon
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This review highlights consistent patterns in the literature associating positive affect (PA) and physical health. However, it also raises serious conceptual and methodological reservations. Evidence suggests an association of trait PA and lower morbidity and of state and trait PA and decreased symptoms and pain. Trait PA is also associated with increased longevity among older community-dwelling individuals. The literature on PA and surviving serious illness is inconsistent. Experimentally inducing intense bouts of activated state PA triggers short-term rises in physiological arousal and associated (potentially harmful) effects on immune, cardiovascular, and pulmonary function. However, arousing effects of state PA are not generally found in naturalistic ambulatory studies in which bouts of PA are typically less intense and often associated with health protective responses. A theoretical framework to guide further study is proposed.
A note on the reciprocal theorem for the swimming of simple bodies
Creators: name: Elfring, Gwynn J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The use of the reciprocal theorem has been shown to be a powerful tool to obtain the swimming velocity of bodies at low Reynolds number. The use of this method for lower-dimensional swimmers, such as cylinders and sheets, is more problematic because of the undefined or ill-posed resistance problems that arise in the rigid-body translation of these shapes. Here we show that this issue can be simply circumvented and give concise formulas obtained via the reciprocal theorem for the self-propelled motion of deforming two-dimensional bodies. We also discuss the connection between these formulae and Faxén's laws.
Dishonesty and risk-taking: Compliance decisions of individuals and groups
Creators: name: Fochmann, Martin
name: Fochmann, Nadja
name: Kocher, Martin G.
name: Müller, Nadja
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Compliance
subject: Dishonesty
subject: Experiment
subject: Group decisions
subject: Lying
subject: Norms
subject: Risk-taking
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Unethical behavior in organizations is usually associated with the risk of negative consequences for the organization and for the involved managers if being detected. The existing experimental literature in economics has so far focused mainly on the analysis of unethical behavior in environments that involve no fines or similar monetary consequences. In the current paper, we use a tax compliance framework to study (un-)ethical behavior of individuals and small groups. Our results show that groups are clearly less compliant than individuals. The risk of being detected is the most important aspect in the group communication process when deciding on compliance.
Atomistic-continuum modeling of short laser pulse melting of Si targets
Creators: name: Lipp, V. P.
name: Rethfeld, B.
name: Garcia, M. E.
name: Ivanov, D. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an atomistic-continuum model to simulate ultrashort laser-induced melting processes in semiconductor solids on the example of silicon. The kinetics of transient non-equilibrium phase transition mechanisms is addressed with a Molecular Dynamics method at atomic level, whereas the laser light absorption, strong generated electron-phonon non-equilibrium, fast diffusion and heat conduction due to photo-excited free carriers are accounted for in the continuum. We give a detailed description of the model, which is then applied to study the mechanism of short laser pulse melting of free standing Si films. The effect of laser-induced pressure and temperature of the lattice on the melting kinetics is investigated. Two competing melting mechanisms, heterogeneous and homogeneous, were identified. Apart of classical heterogeneous melting mechanism, the nucleation of the liquid phase homogeneously inside the material significantly contributes to the melting process. The simulations showed, that due to the open diamond structure of the crystal, the laser-generated internal compressive stresses reduce the crystal stability against the homogeneous melting. Consequently, the latter can take a massive character within several picoseconds upon the laser heating. Due to negative volume of melting of modeled Si material, -7.5%, the material contracts upon the phase transition, relaxes the compressive stresses and the subsequent melting proceeds heterogeneously until the excess of thermal energy is consumed. The threshold fluence value, at which homogeneous nucleation of liquid starts contributing to the classical heterogeneous propagation of the solid-liquid interface, is found from the series of simulations at different laser input fluences. On the example of Si, the laser melting kinetics of semiconductors was found to be noticeably different from that of metals with fcc crystal structure.
description: 38 pages, 27 figures