cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Anti-Immigrant Attitudes, Internet Use, and Radical Right Voting: A Cross-National Study in Eight Western European Countries
Creators: name: Kim, Jia
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Radical right voting behavior
Online political communication
Anti-immigrant attitudes
Elections

description: This thesis seeks to challenge the dominant modes of conceiving the empirical link between citizens’ negative perceptions of immigrants and electoral support for Western European radical right parties, and in doing so, to offer a deeper understanding of the dynamics of radical right voting behavior based on an analysis of radical right parties’ online activities. Despite radical right parties' great popularity and important presence online, little scholarly attention has been paid to their activities in an online space. Accordingly, most empirical research on radical right voting behavior has been conducted in an offline context, ignoring the potential role the Internet plays in connecting radical right parties and voters. Building on Norris’s demand-supply framework, I consider the largely ignored factor, citizens' online activities, in my quantitative model and, ultimately, develop formal links between citizens’ anti-immigrant attitudes and electoral support for radical right parties conditional on their level of Internet usage. Thereby, I aim to provide an answer to the following research question: Does citizens’ Internet usage moderate the relationship between anti-immigrant attitudes and radical right voting? Using data from the 9th wave of the European Social Survey (ESS), I test whether voters' high level of Internet consumption strengthens the positive relationship between anti-immigrant attitudes and electoral support for radical right parties in eight Western European countries. The results show that my expectations are strongly supported at the cross-national level and partially confirmed at the national level by Belgium, Germany, and Italy. My findings hold promise for future work in designing more elaborate and practical voting models.
Critical Differences and Clues in Eta Car's 2009 Event
Creators: name: Mehner, Andrea
name: Davidson, Kris
name: Martin, John C.
name: Humphreys, Roberta M.
name: Ishibashi, Kazunori
name: Ferland, Gary J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We monitored Eta Carinae with HST WFPC2 and Gemini GMOS throughout the 2009 spectroscopic event, which was expected to differ from its predecessor in 2003 (Davidson et al. 2005). Here we report major observed differences between events, and their implications. Some of these results were quite unexpected. (1) The UV brightness minimum was much deeper in 2009. This suggests that physical conditions in the early stages of an event depend on different parameters than the "normal" inter-event wind. Extra mass ejection from the primary star is one possible cause. (2) The expected He II 4687 brightness maximum was followed several weeks later by another. We explain why this fact, and the timing of the 4687 maxima, strongly support a "shock breakup" hypothesis for X-ray and 4687 behavior as proposed 5-10 years ago. (3) We observed a polar view of the star via light reflected by dust in the Homunculus nebula. Surprisingly, at that location the variations of emission-line brightness and Doppler velocities closely resembled a direct view of the star; which should not have been true for any phenomena related to the orbit. This result casts very serious doubt on all the proposed velocity interpretations that depend on the secondary star's orbital motion. (4) Latitude-dependent variations of H I, He I and Fe II features reveal aspects of wind behavior during the event. In addition, we discuss implications of the observations for several crucial unsolved problems.
description: 45 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ
Eigenvalue asymptotic of Robin Laplace operators on two-dimensional domains with cusps
Creators: name: Kovarik, Hynek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider Robin Laplace operators on a class of two-dimensional domains with cusps. Our main results include the formula for the asymptotic distribution of the eigenvalues of such operators. In particular, we show how the eigenvalue asymptotic depends on the geometry of the cusp and on the boundary conditions.
Unexpected spatial distribution of bubble rearrangements in coarsening foams
Creators: name: Sessoms, David A.
name: Bissig, Hugo
name: Duri, Agnès
name: Cipelletti, Luca
name: Trappe, Véronique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Foams are ideal model systems to study stress-driven dynamics, as stress-imbalances within the system are continuously generated by the coarsening process, which unlike thermal fluctuations, can be conveniently quantified by optical means. However, the high turbidity of foams generally hinders the detailed study of the temporal and spatial distribution of rearrangement events, such that definite assessments regarding their contribution to the overall dynamics could not be made so far. In this paper, we use novel light scattering techniques to measure the frequency and position of events within a large sample volume. As recently reported (A. S. Gittings and D. J. Durian, Phys. Rev. E, 2008, 78, 066313), we find that the foam dynamics is determined by two distinct processes: intermittent bubble rearrangements of finite duration and a spatially homogeneous quasicontinuous process. Our experiments show that the convolution of these two processes determines the age-dependence of the mean dynamics, such that relations between intermittent rearrangements and coarsening process can not be established by considering means. By contrast the use of the recently introduced photon correlation imaging technique (A. Duri, D. A. Sessoms, V. Trappe, and L. Cipelletti, Phys. Rev. Lett., 2009, 102, 085702) enables us to assess that the event frequency is directly determined by the strain-rate imposed by the coarsening process. Surprisingly, we also find that, although the distribution of successive events in time is consistent with a random process, the spatial distribution of successive events is not random: rearrangements are more likely to occur within a recently rearranged zone. This implies that a topological rearrangement is likely to lead to an unstable configuration, such that a small amount of coarsening-induced strain is sufficient to trigger another event.
Numerical Analysis of Algorithms for Infinitesimal Associated and Non-Associated Elasto-Plasticity
Creators: name: Sauter, Martin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2010
Subjects: Numerical Analysis
Elastoplasticity
Semismooth Newton
Augmented Lagrange
Active Set
Finite Elements
Parallel Computing
Mathematical Modeling

description: The thesis studies nonlinear solution algorithms for problems in
infinitesimal elastoplasticity and their numerical realization within
a parallel computing framework. New algorithms like Active Set and
Augmented Lagrangian methods are proposed and analyzed within a
semismooth Newton setting. The analysis is often carried out in
function space which results in stable algorithms. Large scale
computer experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the new algorithms.
The Effects of Alanine on Glucose Metabolism in Rainbow Trout: Integration of Glucose Fluxes and Molecular Evidence
Creators: name: Jubouri, Mais
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2020
Subjects: Glucose fluxes
Glycolysis
Gluconeogenesis
AMPK signaling
Alanine
Rainbow trout

description: This thesis investigates the effects of alanine on rainbow trout’s glucose metabolism at the organismal and molecular levels. Rainbow trout is an important aquaculture species that belongs to the salmonid family. As a carnivorous fish, the requirement of protein/amino acids in trout’s diet is high. In contrast, rainbow trout are poor utilizers of carbohydrates. One prevalent hypothesis suggests that high levels of dietary amino acids could indeed contribute to the poor utilization of carbohydrates in this species. In mammals, there is evidence supporting the importance of alanine as a gluconeogenic precursor. However, a recent study found that alanine stimulates hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to lower circulating glucose levels in mice. Alanine levels are high in all tissues in rainbow trout. The role of alanine in gluconeogenesis is less clear in trout and there is no evidence, to our knowledge, regarding its effects on glucose kinetics. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to investigate the impact of the continuous infusion of exogenous alanine for 4h on glucose fluxes and to identify potential mechanisms in tissues that could interpret the observed changes in glucose fluxes in vivo. Glucose turnover, appearance and disposal, Rt, Ra and Rd, respectively, were measured to determine the impact of alanine on glucose fluxes. The expression and/or activity of key genes in glucose transport, utilization and gluconeogenesis were assessed in liver and muscle. An additional goal was to assess whether alanine activates AMPK in trout. The levels of phosphorylated AMPK and other signaling proteins known to interact with the latter were quantified. Results show that alanine reduced plasma glucose levels and inhibited Ra and Rd glucose, consistent with previously observed effects of insulin in rainbow trout. The reduction in the expression of a paralogue of glut4, a key gene in glucose transport, and the activity of hexokinase (HK), a key enzyme in glucose utilization, in muscle can partially explain the observed reduction in Rd glucose. Together, these results suggest that glucose was not a preferred substrate under conditions of increased alanine availability and that alanine was probably oxidized to provide energy. Alanine failed to activate AMPK in trout, contrary to mammalian findings. However, it increased AKT (also known as protein kinase B) phosphorylation in muscle, similar to the effect of insulin in trout. In conclusion, my results suggest that alanine mediated at least some of the observed effects by stimulating insulin secretion given the similarities between the effects of exogenous alanine and insulin in rainbow trout as discussed above. Future studies are warranted to investigate the hypothesis that alanine is an insulin secretagogue in rainbow trout.
Exact Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes in a family of massive gravity models
Creators: name: Nieuwenhuizen, Th. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schwarzschild-de Sitter and Reissner-Nordström-de Sitter black hole metrics appear as exact solutions in the recently formulated massive gravity of de Rham, Gabadadze and Tolley (dRGT), where the mass term sets the curvature scale. They occur within a two-parameter family of dGRT mass terms. They show no trace of a cloud of scalar graviton modes, and in the limit of vanishing graviton mass they go smoothly to the Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordström metrics.
description: 4 pages
Adenosine-to-inosine editing of endogenous Z-form RNA by the deaminase ADAR1 prevents spontaneous MAVS-dependent type I interferon responses.
Creators: name: Tang, Qiannan
name: Rigby, Rachel E
name: Young, George R
name: Hvidt, Astrid Korning
name: Davis, Tanja
name: Tan, Tiong Kit
name: Bridgeman, Anne
name: Townsend, Alain R
name: Kassiotis, George
name: Rehwinkel, Jan
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Model organisms
subject: Tumour Biology
subject: Genetics & Genomics
subject: Genome Integrity & Repair
subject: Chemical Biology & High Throughput
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Computational & Systems Biology

description: Nucleic acids are powerful triggers of innate immunity and can adopt the Z-conformation, an unusual left-handed double helix. Here, we studied the biological function(s) of Z-RNA recognition by the adenosine deaminase ADAR1, mutations in which cause Aicardi-Goutières syndrome. Adar1mZα/mZα mice, bearing two point mutations in the Z-nucleic acid binding (Zα) domain that abolish Z-RNA binding, displayed spontaneous induction of type I interferons (IFNs) in multiple organs, including in the lung, where both stromal and hematopoietic cells showed IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) induction. Lung neutrophils expressed ISGs induced by the transcription factor IRF3, indicating an initiating role for neutrophils in this IFN response. The IFN response in Adar1mZα/mZα mice required the adaptor MAVS, implicating cytosolic RNA sensing. Adenosine-to-inosine changes were enriched in transposable elements and revealed a specific requirement of ADAR1's Zα domain in editing of a subset of RNAs. Thus, endogenous RNAs in Z-conformation have immunostimulatory potential curtailed by ADAR1, with relevance to autoinflammatory disease in humans.
Convection in an African Easterly Wave over West Africa and the Eastern Atlantic: a Model Case Study of Hurricane Helene (2006) and its Interaction with the Saharan Air Layer
Creators: name: Schwendike, Juliane
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2010
Subjects: mesoscale convective systems
tropical cyclones
relative vorticity budget
Saharan air layer
AMMA
COSMO
COSMO-ART

description: Convective systems over West Africa and the eastern Atlantic embedded in the African Easterly wave out of which Hurricane Helene (2006) developed are investigated by means of potential temperature and relative vorticity budgets. The tropical cyclogenesis of Helene was accompanied by several mineral dust outbreaks. The influence of the dust-radiation interaction on the processes leading to the formation of Helene is analysed. The study is based on COSMO and COSMO-ART model runs.
State price density models for the term structure of interest rates: Applications to insurance and expansions to the stock market and macroeconomic variables
Creators: name: Pfeiffer, Robin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2010
Subjects: State Price Density
Pension- and Life Insurance
Term Structure
Stochastic Discounting Function
Actuarial Pricing Model

description: We consider two term structure models for long-term insurance applications within the state-price-density-framework of Rogers (1997): the Cairns (2004) model and the new cosh model. Both are estimated by the Extended Kalman Filter and analyzed for long-term dynamics and historical fit. Two expansions to stock market dynamics, one based on the Black-Scholes stock market model and one based on discounted dividends are presented. Finally, an expansion to macroeconomic data is discussed.
Can transport peak explain the low-mass enhancement of dileptons at RHIC?
Creators: name: Akamatsu, Yukinao
name: Hamagaki, Hideki
name: Hatsuda, Tetsuo
name: Hirano, Tetsufumi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel relation between the low-mass enhancement of dielectrons observed at PHENIX and transport coefficients of QGP such as the charge diffusion constant $D$ and the relaxation time $τ_{\rm J}$. We parameterize the transport peak in the spectral function using the second-order relativistic dissipative hydrodynamics by Israel and Stewart. Combining the spectral function and the full (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamical evolution with the lattice EoS, theoretical dielectron spectra and the experimental data are compared. Detailed analysis suggests that the low-mass dilepton enhancement originates mainly from the high-temperature QGP phase where there is a large electric charge fluctuation as obtained from lattice QCD simulations.
description: To appear in the conference proceedings for Quark Matter 2011, May 23 - May 28, Annecy, France
Modern acheiropoieta : the Veil of Veronica in the age of the Jacquard loom
Creators: name: Woolley, Heather Lauren
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: The removal of the human hand from the creation of images was a concomitant feature of industrial modernity. In the first years of the nineteenth century, textile production entered this new phase with the invention of the Jacquard loom. The proliferation of the Jacquard technique was virtually synonymous with technological innovation and the acceleration of industrial capitalism; and yet, this quintessentially modern development was echoed—somewhat paradoxically—by the multiplication of a consummately premodern textile image, also generated without a craftsperson’s labor. The Veil of Veronica, a Christian relic bearing a miraculous image of Christ’s face, became a focus of popular devotion in France through the revival of the medieval cult of the Holy Face. The Veronica relic is one of the Christian acheiropoieta, meaning “not made by human hand.” Engravings depicting the relic were printed on cloth and circulated throughout France, where they were believed to strengthen the Catholic Church, particularly in its confrontations with communism. The disavowal of human mediation therefore took two very different, though similarly mobilizing, forms in the 1800s. The foundational premise of this thesis is that there are registers of similarity, interaction, and negation between the premodern miraculous and modern mechanical paradigms. These operative and tectonic connections are the ground against which the actual historical interactions between the religious and industrial spheres in nineteenth-century France must be understood. My objective is to examine how the reemergence of the cult of the Veil of Veronica and its material culture operated within this particular historical moment to mediate the relations with communism and capitalism, and ultimately to reinforce the power of the Catholic Church. While the Church and industrial capitalism similarly negated human handiwork to engender and normalize their power, communism challenged the strategies of abstraction and mystification inherent in both systems. What is ultimately at stake in this analysis is a more nuanced understanding of the critical issues of the nineteenth century: the interplay between materiality and abstraction, mediation and immediacy, and copies and models—problems that vexed the economic, social, political, and artistic spheres of industrial modernity.
Systematics of the magnetic-Prandtl-number dependence of homogeneous, isotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Creators: name: Sahoo, Ganapati
name: Perlekar, Prasad
name: Pandit, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of our detailed pseudospectral direct numerical simulation (DNS) studies, with up to $1024^3$ collocation points, of incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in three dimensions, without a mean magnetic field. Our study concentrates on the dependence of various statistical properties of both decaying and statistically steady MHD turbulence on the magnetic Prandtl number ${\rm Pr_M}$ over a large range, namely, $0.01 \leq {\rm Pr_M} \leq 10$. We obtain data for a wide variety of statistical measures such as probability distribution functions (PDFs) of moduli of the vorticity and current density, the energy dissipation rates, and velocity and magnetic-field increments, energy and other spectra, velocity and magnetic-field structure functions, which we use to characterise intermittency, isosurfaces of quantities such as the moduli of the vorticity and current, and joint PDFs such as those of fluid and magnetic dissipation rates. Our systematic study uncovers interesting results that have not been noted hitherto. In particular, we find a crossover from larger intermittency in the magnetic field than in the velocity field, at large ${\rm Pr_M}$, to smaller intermittency in the magnetic field than in the velocity field, at low ${\rm Pr_M}$. Furthermore, a comparison of our results for decaying MHD turbulence and its forced, statistically steady analogue suggests that we have strong universality in the sense that, for a fixed value of ${\rm Pr_M}$, multiscaling exponent ratios agree, at least within our errorbars, for both decaying and statistically steady homogeneous, isotropic MHD turbulence.
description: 49 pages,33 figures
INVESTIGATION OF WHITE-HEADED DUCK (Oxyura leucocephala) SPECIES AND ITS WINTERING SITES IN AZERBAIJAN
Creators: name: Zeynalli, Farhad
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Azerbaijan is an important region in which to conduct research on avifauna. There are approximately 17 globally threatened bird species in this country (Bird Life International, 2019) and the paper aims to investigate one of them – Oxyura leucocephala and to determine what are the main factors affecting their abundance. Bayesian Belief Network - Netica model was used to calculate the probabilities of these factors. Netica model is the first attempt in Azerbaijan towards studying the white-headed duck populations and it paves the way for further study of this species. The results show that, in current situation there’s 52.2% chance that the population of white headed duck will decrease in the near future. The strongest negative factors for this species are 1) drought– which causes habitat degradation, 2) pollution and 3) lack of protection measures, because some key sites aren’t effectively protected. Proper responses to stop that could be the strict protection of these sites, restoration of wetlands and restriction of fishing and hunting activities in wintering sites of Oxyura leucocephala
Additional file 1 of Measuring health-related quality of life in chronic otitis media in a Chinese population: cultural adaption and validation of the Zurich Chronic Middle Ear Inventory (ZCMEI-21-Chn)
Creators: name: Yang, Ruizhe
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Han, Weiju
name: Li, Yi
name: Li, Shan
name: Ke, Jia
name: Song, Yu
name: Liu, Junxiu
name: Röösli, Christof
name: Huber, Alexander M.
name: Bächinger, David
name: Ma, Furong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Megaschallunterstützter Stofftransport in LIGA-Mikrostrukturen
Creators: name: Lisinenkova, Maria
name: Hahn, L.
name: Schulz, J.
name: Bade, K.
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2008

description: Die Herstellung von hohen Strukturen mit hohem Aspektverhältnis ist eine aktuelle Aufgabe der LIGA-Technologie. Um die Prozessdauer der nasschemischen Prozessschritte wie Entwicklung und Galvanoformung zu minimieren und die hohe Qualität der Mikrostrukturen zu gewährleisten, sollten die Stofftransportbedingungen untersucht und optimiert werden.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist, den Wirkmechanismus des Megaschalls auf den Stofftransport vor allem in LIGA-Mikrostrukturen mit hohem Aspektverhältnis experimentell aufzuklären.
Als Untersuchungsmethode wurde die elektrochemische Grenzstrommethode ausgewählt. Diese Methode zeichnet sich durch die Möglichkeit einer direkten Messung der Stofftransportrate in situ aus. Für die praktische Umsetzung dieser Methode unter Megaschallbedingungen wurde eine neue Megaschallzelle konzipiert und aufgebaut. Für die Untersuchung der Stofftransportprozesse in Mikrostrukturen dienten rotierende zurückgesetzte Mikrostrukturelektroden (RMEs). In dieser Arbeit wurden erstmals LIGA-Mikrostrukturen in die rotierenden Mikrostrukturelektroden eingesetzt. Für die Herstellung dieser Arbeitselektroden wurde eine LIGA-basierte Technik ausgearbeitet.
Im experimentellen Teil dieser Arbeit wurden die möglichen Einflussparameter wie die Position der Probe im Schallfeld, die elektrische Leistung der Schallquelle und die Geometrie der Mikrostrukturen, variiert und der Grenzstrom als Maß für die Stofftransportrate aufgenommen. Als Ergebnis der durchgeführten Experimente wurden folgende Zusammenhänge festgestellt:
• Die Positionierung der Probe bezüglich der Schallquelle hat einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Stofftransportrate. Es besteht eine Korrelation zwischen den räumlichen Schalldruck- und Grenzstromverteilungen.
• Die Stofftransportrate hängt von der elektrischen Leistung der Megaschallquelle ab. Die Form dieser Abhängigkeit ist für die unterschiedlichen Strukturgeometrien unterschiedlich.
• Die Beschallung ruft eine lokale Erwärmung innerhalb der Mikrostrukturen hervor.
• Der Grad der gesamten Verbesserung des Stofftransportes hängt unter anderem von der Geometrie der Mikrostrukturen und deren Zusammensetzung ab.
Diese Ergebnisse werden im Folgenden mit Ergebnissen aus der Literatur verglichen und daraus ein Modell zum Wirkmechanismus des Megaschalls abgeleitet.
Die Stofftransportrate bei megaschallunterstützten Prozessen in Mikrostrukturen wird durch zwei Effekte beeinflusst, durch die lokale Erwärmung und durch die Ausbildung der akustischen Mikroströmungen innerhalb der Strukturen. Der thermische Effekt trägt für alle Strukturtypen bei, während der Beitrag des hydrodynamischen Effektes stark von der Strukturgeometrie abhängt. Durch den thermischen Effekt ist die Vergrößerung der Stofftransportrate um bis zu 30 % möglich. Die Größe dieses Beitrages hängt von der Resisthöhe ab. Der hydrodynamische Effekt kann eine Zunahme der Stofftransportrate um ein Mehrfaches hervorrufen.
Linear programming problems for l_1- optimal frontier estimation
Creators: name: Girard, Stéphane
name: Iouditski, Anatoli
name: Nazin, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose new optimal estimators for the Lipschitz frontier of a set of points. They are defined as kernel estimators being sufficiently regular, covering all the points and whose associated support is of smallest surface. The estimators are written as linear combinations of kernel functions applied to the points of the sample. The coefficients of the linear combination are then computed by solving related linear programming problem. The L_1 error between the estimated and the true frontier function with a known Lipschitz constant is shown to be almost surely converging to zero, and the rate of convergence is proved to be optimal.
Mesenteric Volvulus
Creators: name: Frederes, Mariana
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: CT
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Volvulus

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: male, 75 years
description: Clinical History: Patient was admitted in our hospital due to abdominal pain and increased abdominal volume. Previous history of right colectomy for cancer 8 years ago. Physical examination revealed abdominal pain and distension. Laboratory tests and abdominal CT scan was ... Final Diagnosis: Mesenteric Volvulus Secondary to Small Bowel Volvulus
Non-equilibrium Steady States of Quantum Systems on Star Graphs
Creators: name: Mintchev, Mihail
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium steady states of quantum fields on star graphs are explicitly constructed. These states are parametrized by the temperature and the chemical potential, associated with each edge of the graph. Time reversal invariance is spontaneously broken. We study in this general framework the transport properties of the Schroedinger and the Dirac systems on a star graph, modeling a quantum wire junction. The interaction, which drives the system away from equilibrium, is localized in the vertex of the graph. All point-like vertex interactions, giving rise to self-adjoint Hamiltonians possibly involving the minimal coupling to a static electromagnetic field in the ambient space, are considered. In this context we compute the exact electric steady current and the non-equilibrium charge density. We investigate also the heat transport and derive the Casimir energy density away from equilibrium. The appearance of Friedel type oscillations of the charge and energy densities along the edges of the graph is established. We focus finally on the noise power and discuss the non-trivial impact of the point-like interactions on the noise.
description: LaTex, 1+28 pages, 5 figures
Muon production in extensive air showers and fixed target accelerator data
Creators: name: Meurer, Christine
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2008

description: Myonerzeugung in ausgedehnten Luftschauern und niederenergetische Beschleunigermessungen
Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Verbesserung der Zuverlässigkeit von Luftschauer-Simulationen, indem man die Bedeutung von hadronischen Wechselwirkungen untersucht, die für dieMyonproduktion relevant sind. Der Einfluss von niederenergetischen Wechselwirkungen wird betrachtet und es wird gezeigt, dass gegenwärtige Fixed-Target-Experimente dazu beitragen können, die Unsicherheiten im Niederenergiebereich zu reduzieren. Dies wird an Hand einer Datenanalyse des Fixed-Target-Experiments HARP am CERN demonstriert. Bei diesem Experiment wurde sowohl ein Protonals auch Pion-Strahl auf ein Kohlenstoff-Target geschossen. Die aus dieser Analyse gewonnenen Produktionsspektren werden mit Modellvorhersagen verglichen. Die Simulationsstudien der relevanten Energie- und Phasenraumbereiche der hadronischen Wechselwirkungen in Luftschauern bilden die Grundlage für den aus der Astroteilchenphysik motivierten Beitrag eines Antrags für ein neues Fixed-Target-Experiment. Anfang 2007 wurde der Antrag vom CERN genehmigt und das neue Experiment NA61 wird die ersten p+C-Daten bei einer Energie von 30 GeV im Herbst 2007 nehmen.
1/2-BPS Wilson Loops and Vortices in ABJM Model
Creators: name: Lee, Ki-Myeong
name: Lee, Sungjay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the low-energy dynamics of 1/2-BPS heavy particles coupled to the ABJM model via the Higgsing of M2-branes, with focus on physical understanding of the recently discovered 1/2-BPS Wilson loop operators. The low-energy theory of 1/2-BPS heavy particles turns out to have the U(N|N) supergauge symmetry, which explains the novel structure of the 1/2-BPS Wilson loop operator as a holonomy of a U(N|N) superconnection. We show that the supersymmetric transformation of the Wilson loop operator can be identified as a fermionic supergauge transformation, which leads to their invariance under half of the supersymmetry. We also argue that 1/2-BPS Wilson loop operators appear as 1/2-BPS vortices with vorticity 1/k. Such a vortex can be naturally interpreted as a membrane wrapping the Z_k cycle once, or type IIA fundamental string.
description: 22 pages
Chronic periodontitis is associated with platelet factor 4 (PF4) secretion.
Creators: name: Brousseau-Nault, Mathieu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Aim: Platelets contribute to chronic inflammation but their role in periodontitis is not well understood. The aim of this study was to compare platelet recruitment and activation in healthy and inflamed periodontium. Materials and Methods: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from sites of healthy periodontium, gingivitis and periodontitis. Platelets were quantified in the GCF by staining and microscopy. GCF concentrations of platelet factor 4 (PF4) [PF4]GCF and glycoprotein IIbIIIa ([GPIIbIIIa]GCF) were determined by ELISA. Blood samples were obtained from the 3 patient groups. Platelets were isolated from whole blood and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from P. gingivalis to evaluate and compare the LPS-induced PF4 release. Results: Compared to controls, platelet recruitment was increased at gingivitis and periodontitis sites, based on platelet counts and [GPIIbIIIa]GCF. [PF4]GCF was elevated in periodontal pockets but not at gingivitis or healthy sites. Circulating plasma levels of PF4 were higher in patients with generalized severe periodontitis (SP), compared to patients with gingivitis or healthy periodontium. Platelets isolated from SP patients contained and released more PF4 in response to P. gingivalis LPS than platelets from gingivitis or periodontally healthy patients. Conclusions: Periodontitis is associated with increased platelet activation and PF4 release, both locally and systemically.
Intrinsic spin-orbit interactions in flat and curved graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: López-Sancho, M. P.
name: Muñoz, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent theoretical and experimental works on carbon nanotubes and graphene samples have revealed that spin-orbit interactions, though customarily ignored in carbon-based materials, are more important and complex than it was thought. We study the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling effects on graphene nanoribbons, both flat and bent. Calculations are performed within the tight-binding model with the inclusion of a four-orbital basis set. Thereby the full symmetry of the honeycomb lattice and the hybridization of $σ$ and $π$ bands are considered. In addition to the zero-energy $π$-edge states, $σ$-derived edge states are found for the three investigated ribbon geometries. The $σ$ states are also spin-filtered and localized at the boundaries of the ribbons. The calculated spin-orbit splittings are larger for the $σ$- than for the $π$-derived edge states. Due to this enhancement, spin-orbit splittings of the $σ$-states reach values of the order of a few Kelvin. These spin-filtered edge states are robust under $σ-π$ hybridization and curvature effects.
Discovering Colorons at the Early Stage LHC
Creators: name: Dicus, Duane A.
name: Kao, Chung
name: Nandi, S.
name: Sayre, Joshua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the prospects for the discovery of massive hyper-gluons using data from the early runs of the CERN Large Hadron Collider with $\sqrt{s} = 7$ TeV and assuming an integrated luminosity of 1 fb$^{-1}$. A phenomenological Lagrangian is adopted to evaluate the cross section of a pair of colored vector bosons (coloron, $\tildeρ$) decaying into four colored scalar resonances (hyper-pion, $\tildeπ$), which then decay into eight gluons. We include the dominant physics background from the production of $8g$, $7g1q$, $6g2q$, and $5g3q$. We find an abundance of signal events and that realistic cuts reduce the background enough to establish a $5σ$ signal for $m_{\tildeπ} \alt 220$ GeV or $m_{\tildeρ} \alt 733$ GeV.
description: REVTEX, 9 pages, 3 figures
Suzaku Discovery of a Hard Component Varying Independently of the Power-Law Emission in MCG-6-30-15
Creators: name: Noda, Hirofumi
name: Makishima, Kazuo
name: Uehara, Yuuichi
name: Yamada, Shin'ya
name: Nakazawa, Kazuhiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Focusing on hard X-ray variability, we reanalyzed Suzaku data of Type I Seyfert galaxy MCG-6-30-15 obtained in 2006. Intensity-sorted spectroscopy and a principal component analysis consistently revealed a very hard component that varies independently of the dominant power-law emission. Although the exact nature of this hard component is not yet identified, it can be modeled as a power-law with a photon index ~2 affected by a partial covering absorption, or as a thermal Comptonization emission with a relatively large optical depth. When this component is included in the fitting model, the time-averaged 2.5-55 keV spectrum of MCG-6-30-15 can be reproduced successfully by invoking a mildly broadened iron line with its emission region located at > 8 times the gravitational radii from the central black hole, and a moderate reflection with a covering fraction of ~3.4. This result implies that the solution of a highly spinning black hole in MCG-6-30-15, obtained by Miniutti et al. (2007, PASJ, 59, S315) using the same Suzaku data, is a model dependent result.
The diversity and biosynthesis of plant cuticular waxes
Creators: name: Busta, Lucas Howard
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Plants coat themselves in a cuticle to hinder transpiration across the vast surface areas they require for photosynthesis. The cuticle is made of cutin, a polyester, and cuticular waxes, aliphatic compounds that form the water barrier. Cuticles of model plants had been major targets for cuticular wax research, and knowledge of their surfaces is relatively advanced. However, this knowledge still does not answer crucial questions about relationships between wax structure and function. Limited studies of non-model species had provided glimpses of a much greater wax chemical structural diversity than that present on model plants. These also had hinted that diverse wax coverages and compositions exist on the surfaces of different species and different plant organs. Before relationships between structure and function can be established, the major dimensions of wax diversity must be described in more detail. To contribute, I aimed to describe wax structural and biological diversity in some model and non-model plant species. I examined the structural diversity of wax compound aliphatic tails and determined that branched compounds on Arabidopsis leaves are iso-branched and that certain wax biosynthesis enzymes can exhibit bias towards or against branched substrates. I also studied functional group diversity by performing a comprehensive literature search to codify our knowledge of wax compounds with secondary functions. I furthered our knowledge of wax coverage and composition on diverse biological surfaces by determining the structures of novel wax compounds from the moss Funaria hygrometrica and profiling the waxes from multiple F. hygrometrica surfaces to reveal that these moss cuticles have some similarities to those of flowering plants. By studying developing Arabidopsis leaves I found that their wax composition, but not coverage, is dynamic with time, pointing to functional optimization and synchronous cell expansion and wax production. This work highlights the importance of chain length specificity in wax biosynthesis, though the mechanisms by which such is achieved are unclear. It also confirms that secondary functional groups on wax molecules are installed by a variety of processes, that these are connected with biosynthetic chain length specificity and that both likely influence the physical and water barrier properties of the cuticle.
Optimizing metastatic-cascade-dependent Rac1 targeting in breast cancer: Guidance using optical window intravital FRET imaging.
Creators: name: Floerchinger, Alessia
name: Murphy, Kendelle J
name: Latham, Sharissa L
name: Warren, Sean C
name: McCulloch, Andrew T
name: Lee, Young-Kyung
name: Stoehr, Janett
name: Mélénec, Pauline
name: Guaman, Cris S
name: Metcalf, Xanthe L
name: Lee, Victoria
name: Zaratzian, Anaiis
name: Da Silva, Andrew
name: Tayao, Michael
name: Rolo, Sonia
name: Phimmachanh, Monica
name: Sultani, Ghazal
name: McDonald, Laura
name: Mason, Susan M
name: Ferrari, Nicola
name: Ooms, Lisa M
name: Johnsson, Anna-Karin E
name: Spence, Heather J
name: Olson, Michael F
name: Machesky, Laura M
name: Sansom, Owen J
name: Morton, Jennifer P
name: Mitchell, Christina A
name: Samuel, Michael S
name: Croucher, David R
name: Welch, Heidi CE
name: Blyth, Karen
name: Caldon, C Elizabeth
name: Herrmann, David
name: Anderson, Kurt I
name: Timpson, Paul
name: Nobis, Max
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Imaging

description: Assessing drug response within live native tissue provides increased fidelity with regards to optimizing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Here, using longitudinal intravital imaging of a Rac1-Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor mouse coupled with in vivo photoswitching to track intratumoral movement, we help guide treatment scheduling in a live breast cancer setting to impair metastatic progression. We uncover altered Rac1 activity at the center versus invasive border of tumors and demonstrate enhanced Rac1 activity of cells in close proximity to live tumor vasculature using optical window imaging. We further reveal that Rac1 inhibition can enhance tumor cell vulnerability to fluid-flow-induced shear stress and therefore improves overall anti-metastatic response to therapy during transit to secondary sites such as the lung. Collectively, this study demonstrates the utility of single-cell intravital imaging in vivo to demonstrate that Rac1 inhibition can reduce tumor progression and metastases in an autochthonous setting to improve overall survival.
Strong uniqueness for both Dirichlet operators and stochastic dynamics to Gibbs measures on a path space with exponential interactions
Creators: name: Albeverio, Sergio
name: Kawabi, Hiroshi
name: Röckner, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R15, 35R60, 46N50, 47D07

description: We prove $L^{p}$-uniqueness of Dirichlet operators for Gibbs measures on the path space $C(\mathbb R, \mathbb R^{d})$ associated with exponential type interactions in infinite volume by extending an SPDE approach presented in previous work by the last two named authors. We also give an SPDE characterization of the corresponding dynamics. In particular, we prove existence and uniqueness of a strong solution for the SPDE, though the self-interaction potential is not assumed to be differentiable, hence the drift is possibly discontinuous. As examples, to which our results apply, we mention the stochastic quantization of $P(ϕ)_{1}$-, ${\rm exp}(ϕ)_{1}$-, and trigonometric quantum fields in infinite volume. In particular, our results imply essential self-adjointness of the generator of the stochastic dynamics for these models. Finally, as an application of the strong uniqueness result for the SPDE, we prove some functional inequalities for diffusion semigroups generated by the above Dirichlet operators. These inequalities are improvements of previous work by the second named author.
Abstract Processes of Place/Transition Systems
Creators: name: van Glabbeek, Rob
name: Goltz, Ursula
name: Schicke, Jens-Wolfhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.1.2

description: A well-known problem in Petri net theory is to formalise an appropriate causality-based concept of process or run for place/transition systems. The so-called individual token interpretation, where tokens are distinguished according to their causal history, giving rise to the processes of Goltz and Reisig, is often considered too detailed. The problem of defining a fully satisfying more abstract concept of process for general place/transition systems has so-far not been solved. In this paper, we recall the proposal of defining an abstract notion of process, here called BD-process, in terms of equivalence classes of Goltz-Reisig processes, using an equivalence proposed by Best and Devillers. It yields a fully satisfying solution for at least all one-safe nets. However, for certain nets which intuitively have different conflicting behaviours, it yields only one maximal abstract process. Here we identify a class of place/transition systems, called structural conflict nets, where conflict and concurrency due to token multiplicity are clearly separated. We show that, in the case of structural conflict nets, the equivalence proposed by Best and Devillers yields a unique maximal abstract process only for conflict-free nets. Thereby BD-processes constitute a simple and fully satisfying solution in the class of structural conflict nets.
R code used for the simulation study published in "Baseline-adjusted Proportional Odds Models for Treatment Effect Quantification in Neurological Trials with Ordinal Outcomes"
Creators: name: Buri, Muriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: transformation model
ordinal outcome
odds ratio
clinical trial
upper extremity motor score (UEMS)
spinal cord independence measure (SCIM)

description: R code used for the simulation study published in "Baseline-adjusted Proportional Odds Models for Treatment Effect Quantification in Neurological Trials with Ordinal Outcomes"
Adipocytes disrupt the translational programme of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia to favour tumour survival and persistence.
Creators: name: Heydt, Q
name: Xintaropoulou, C
name: Clear, A
name: Austin, M
name: Pislariu, I
name: Miraki-Moud, F
name: Cutillas, P
name: Korfi, K
name: Calaminici, M
name: Cawthorn, W
name: Suchacki, K
name: Nagano, A
name: Gribben, JG
name: Smith, M
name: Cavenagh, JD
name: Oakervee, H
name: Castleton, A
name: Taussig, D
name: Peck, B
name: Wilczynska, A
name: McNaughton, L
name: Bonnet, D
name: Mardakheh, F
name: Patel, B
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2021
Subjects: Stem Cells
Human Biology & Physiology
Tumour Biology

description: The specific niche adaptations that facilitate primary disease and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) survival after induction chemotherapy remain unclear. Here, we show that Bone Marrow (BM) adipocytes dynamically evolve during ALL pathogenesis and therapy, transitioning from cellular depletion in the primary leukaemia niche to a fully reconstituted state upon remission induction. Functionally, adipocyte niches elicit a fate switch in ALL cells towards slow-proliferation and cellular quiescence, highlighting the critical contribution of the adipocyte dynamic to disease establishment and chemotherapy resistance. Mechanistically, adipocyte niche interaction targets posttranscriptional networks and suppresses protein biosynthesis in ALL cells. Treatment with general control nonderepressible 2 inhibitor (GCN2ib) alleviates adipocyte-mediated translational repression and rescues ALL cell quiescence thereby significantly reducing the cytoprotective effect of adipocytes against chemotherapy and other extrinsic stressors. These data establish how adipocyte driven restrictions of the ALL proteome benefit ALL tumours, preventing their elimination, and suggest ways to manipulate adipocyte-mediated ALL resistance.
Momentum Distribution and Renormalization Factor in Sodium and the Electron Gas
Creators: name: Huotari, Simo
name: Soininen, J. Aleksi
name: Pylkkänen, Tuomas
name: Hämäläinen, Keijo
name: Issolah, Arezki
name: Titov, Andrey
name: McMinis, Jeremy
name: Kim, Jeongnim
name: Esler, Ken
name: Ceperley, David M.
name: Holzmann, Markus
name: Olevano, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present experimental and theoretical results on the momentum distribution and the quasiparticle renormalization factor in sodium. From an x-ray Compton-profile measurement of the valence-electron momentum density, we derive its discontinuity at the Fermi wavevector. This yields an accurate measure of the renormalization factor that we compare with quantum Monte Carlo and GW calculations performed both on crystalline sodium and on the homogeneous electron gas. Our calculated results are in good agreement with the experiment.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table