cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Trends in Body Mass Index among Icelandic Adolescents and Young Adults from 1992 to 2007
Creators: name: Eiðsdóttir, Sigríður Þ.
name: Kristjánsson, Álfgeir L.
name: Sigfúsdóttir, Inga D.
name: Garber, Carol Ewing
name: Allegrante, John P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Public health
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Trends in body mass index (BMI) among 51,889 14- to 20-year-old Icelandic adolescents and young adults were examined using data from cross-sectional population surveys conducted from 1992 to 2007. Prevalence of overweight increased for both genders in all age groups, except for 14- and 20-year-old girls. Obesity prevalence increased among boys in all age groups, except for 16-year-olds, and among 15- and 20-year-old girls. The largest increase in obesity rates among both genders was found in the oldest age group. Moreover, not only has the prevalence of obesity increased, but also the extent of obesity has grown more severe among 15- and 17-year-olds boys and among girls in the oldest age group.
Interactions of Host Proteins with the Murine Leukemia Virus Integrase
Creators: name: Studamire, Barbara
name: Goff, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Pathology
Molecular biology
Biochemistry

description: Retroviral infections cause a variety of cancers in animals and a number of diverse diseases in humans such as leukemia and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Productive and efficient proviral integration is critical for retroviral function and is the key step in establishing a stable and productive infection, as well as the mechanism by which host genes are activated in leukemogenesis. Host factors are widely anticipated to be involved in all stages of the retroviral life cycle, and the identification of integrase interacting factors has the potential to increase our understanding of mechanisms by which the incoming virus might appropriate cellular proteins to target and capture host DNA sequences. Identification of MoMLV integrase interacting host factors may be key to designing efficient and benign retroviral-based gene therapy vectors; key to understanding the basic mechanism of integration; and key in designing efficient integrase inhibitors. In this review, we discuss current progress in the field of MoMLV integrase interacting proteins and possible roles for these proteins in integration.
Diffractive photon production at the LHC
Creators: name: Mariotto, C. Brenner
name: Goncalves, V. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the photon production in single and double diffractive processes considering the Resolved Pomeron model. We estimate the rapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the cross section for the diffractive double photon and photon+jet production. A comparison with the inclusive production is presented. We predict large values for the total cross sections, which makes the experimental analysis of these observables feasible at LHC energies.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Theory and Management of the Downer Cow
Creators: name: Cox, Victor S.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Sick animals of all quadruped species often become recumbent, but the recumbency of the downer cow seems to have some unique features. While a well accepted definition of the downer cow is not available, commonly recognized downer syndromes do not occur in other species.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Understanding and Bridging the Gaps in Current GNN Performance Optimizations
Creators: name: Kezhao Huang
name: Jidong Zhai
name: Zheng, Zhen
name: Youngmin Yi
name: Xipeng Shen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 80302 Computer System Architecture
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph Neural Network (GNN) has recently drawn a rapid increase of interest in many domains for its effectiveness in learning over graphs. Maximizing its performance is essential for many tasks, but remains preliminarily understood. In this work, we provide an in-depth examination of the state-of-the-art GNN frameworks, revealing five major gaps in the current frameworks in optimizing GNN performance, especially in handling the special complexities of GNN over traditional graph or DNN operations. Based on the insights, we put together a set of optimizations to fill the gaps. These optimizations leverage the start-of-the-art GPU optimization techniques and tailor them to the special properties of GNN. Experimental results show that these optimizations achieve 1.47–13.6× performance improvement over the state-of-the-art frameworks on various GNN models.
Local perturbations of the upper layers of a Sun-like star: the impact on the acoustic oscillation spectrum
Creators: name: Brito, Ana
name: Lopes, Ilidio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last decade the quality and the amount of observational asteroseismic data that has been made available by space based missions had a tremendous upgrowth. The determination of asteroseismic parameters to estimate the fundamental physical processes occurring in stars' interiors, can be done today in a way that has never been possible before. In this work we propose to compute the seismic observable $β$, which is a proxy of the phase shift of the acoustic modes propagating in the envelope of the Sun-like stars. This seismic parameter $β$ can be used to identify rapid variation regions usually known as glitches. We show that a small variation in the structure, smaller than 1% in the sound speed, produces a glitch in the acoustic potential that could explain the oscillatory character of $β$. This method allows us to determine the location and the thickness of the glitch with precision. We applied this idea to the Sun-like star $α$ Centauri A and found a glitch located at approximately $0.94\,R$ (1400 s) and with a thickness of 0.2% of the stars' radius. This is fully consistent with the data and also validates other seismic tests.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Vitamin A Metabolism and Adipose Tissue Biology
Creators: name: Vogel, Silke
name: Frey, Simone K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Medicine
Nutrition
Biology

description: In recent years, the importance of vitamin A in adipose tissue biology, obesity and type II diabetes has become apparent. This review focuses on recent developments within the area of vitamin A and adipose tissue biology. Adipose tissue has an active vitamin A metabolism as it not only stores vitamin A but retinol is also converted to its active metabolite retinoic acid. Several mouse models point to a relationship between vitamin A metabolism and the development of adiposity. Similarly, in vitro studies provide new molecular mechanisms for the function of different forms of vitamin A and retinol- or retinoic acid-binding proteins in adipose tissue.
The Formation of the massive galaxies in the SSA22 z=3.1 protocluster
Creators: name: Kubo, Mariko
name: Uchimoto, Yuka Katsuno
name: Yamada, Toru
name: Kajisawa, Masaru
name: Ichikawa, Takashi
name: Matsuda, Yuichi
name: Akiyama, Masayuki
name: Hayashino, Tomoki
name: Konishi, Masahiro
name: Nishimura, Tetsuo
name: Omata, Koji
name: Suzuki, Ryuji
name: Tnaka, Ichi
name: Yoshikawa, Tomohiro
name: Alexander, David. M.
name: Fazio, Giovanni. G.
name: Huang, J. -S.
name: Lehmer, Bret. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of K-band selected galaxies (K_AB<24) in the z = 3.09 SSA22 protocluster field are studied. 430 galaxies at 2.6 < z_phot < 3.6 are selected as potential protocluster members in a 112 arcmin^2 area based on their photometric redshifts. We find that \approx 20% of the massive galaxies with stellar masses >10^11 M_sun at z_phot \sim 3.1 have colors consistent with those of quiescent galaxies with ages > 0.5 Gyr. This fraction increases to \approx 50% after correcting for unrelated foreground/background objects. We also find that 30% of the massive galaxies are heavily reddened dusty star-forming galaxies. Few such quiescent galaxies at similar redshifts are seen in typical survey fields. An excess surface density of 24μm sources at z_phot \sim 3.1 is also observed, implying the presence of dusty star-formation activity in the protocluster. Cross-correlation with the X-ray data indicates that the fraction of K-band selected protocluster galaxies hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN) is also high compared with the field. The sky distribution of the quiescent galaxies, the 24μm sources, and the X-ray AGNs show clustering around a density peak of z=3.1 Lyαemitters (LAEs). A significant fraction of the massive galaxies have already become quiescent, while the dusty star-formation is still active in the SSA22 protocluster. These findings indicate that we are witnessing the formation epoch of massive early-type galaxies at the center of predecessors to present-day rich galaxy clusters.
description: ApJ, accepted 16 pages 12 figures
Udder Health and the Confinement Freestall Barn
Creators: name: Britten, Allan M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: The use of freestall barns for total or seasonal confinement of dairy cattle has gained widespread acceptance by U.S. dairymen since their introduction in Snohomish, Washington in 1960. During this same period, many dairies have successfully implemented mastitis control procedures directed at contagious Streoptoccus agalactia and Staphylococcus aureus. These events have probably worked together to explain the more frequent reports of coliform mastitis problems in the last 25 years. It is my objective here to discuss some of the principles involved in changing environmental factors in order to reduce coliform mastitis losses
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Vitamin A Metabolism: An Update
Creators: name: D'Ambrosio, Diana N.
name: Clugston, Robin D.
name: Blaner, William S.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Nutrition
Medical sciences
Medicine

description: Retinoids are required for maintaining many essential physiological processes in the body, including normal growth and development, normal vision, a healthy immune system, normal reproduction, and healthy skin and barrier functions. In excess of 500 genes are thought to be regulated by retinoic acid. 11-cis-retinal serves as the visual chromophore in vision. The body must acquire retinoid from the diet in order to maintain these essential physiological processes. Retinoid metabolism is complex and involves many different retinoid forms, including retinyl esters, retinol, retinal, retinoic acid and oxidized and conjugated metabolites of both retinol and retinoic acid. In addition, retinoid metabolism involves many carrier proteins and enzymes that are specific to retinoid metabolism, as well as other proteins which may be involved in mediating also triglyceride and/or cholesterol metabolism. This review will focus on recent advances for understanding retinoid metabolism that have taken place in the last ten to fifteen years.
Practical Heat-Stress Management
Creators: name: Johnson, Paul E.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: In many parts of the United States there are times in the year when environmental conditions pose many challenges to the dairyman. In my practice territory, from May through October, temperatures above 90° F and relative humidity above 80% are prevalent. During these periods of heat-stress, the dairyman must adapt his facilities and management practices to provide an environment for the cow that is conducive to profitable milk production. Environment directly and indirectly affects the survival and productivity of the dairy cow.1 Temperature, wind velocity, and solar radiation directly affect the cow, while environmental influences on feed quality and intake affect cows indirectly.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Informationally complete sets of Gaussian measurements
Creators: name: Kiukas, Jukka
name: Schultz, Jussi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove necessary and sufficient conditions for the informational completeness of an arbitrary set of Gaussian observables on continuous variable systems with finite number of degrees of freedom. In particular, we show that an informationally complete set either contains a single informationally complete observable, or includes infinitely many observables. We show that for a single informationally complete observable, the minimal outcome space is the phase space, and the observable can always be obtained from the quantum optical $Q$-function by linear postprocessing and Gaussian convolution, in a suitable symplectic coordinatization of the phase space. In the case of projection valued Gaussian observables, e.g., generalized field quadratures, we show that an informationally complete set of observables is necessarily infinite. Finally, we generalize the treatment to the case where the measurement coupling is given by a general linear bosonic channel, and characterize informational completeness for an arbitrary set of the associated observables.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Enhanced multipartite quantum correlations by non-Gaussian operations
Creators: name: Kim, Ho-Joon
name: Kim, Jaewan
name: Nha, Hyunchul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how conditional photon operations can affect multipartite quantum correlations, specifically nonlocality and entanglement, of the continuous variable GHZ states. We find that the violation of the Mermin-Klyshko inequality revealing the multipartite nonlocality can be made stronger with photon subtraction applied on each mode of the original GHZ states, particularly in a weak squeezing regime. Photon addition applied on local modes also turns out to enhance the degree of multipartite nonlocality in a broad range of parameters. We further investigate the effects of the photon operations on the degree of multipartite entanglement by looking into the Gaussian tangle, the fidelity of teleportation network, and the quadrature correlations. We find that photon subtraction applied on two modes enhances those entanglement characteristics in a practical squeezing regime while there is no improvement made by photon addition.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. A
A Large Scale Structure at Redshift 1.71 in the Lockman Hole
Creators: name: Henry, J. P.
name: Aoki, K.
name: Finoguenov, A.
name: Fotopoulou, S.
name: Hasinger, G.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Suh, H.
name: Tanaka, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We previously identified LH146, a diffuse X-ray source in the Lockman Hole, as a galaxy cluster at redshift 1.753. The redshift was based on one spectroscopic value, buttressed by seven additional photometric redshifts. We here confirm the previous spectroscopic redshift and present concordant spectroscopic redshifts for an additional eight galaxies. The average of these nine redshifts is 1.714 +/- 0.012 (error on mean). Scrutiny of the galaxy distribution in redshift and the plane of the sky shows that there are two concentrations of galaxies near the X-ray source. In addition there are three diffuse X-ray sources spread along the axis connecting the galaxy concentrations. LH146 is one of these three and lies approximately at the center of the two galaxy concentrations and the outer two diffuse X-ray sources. We thus conclude that LH146 is at the redshift initially reported but it is not a single virialized galaxy cluster as previously assumed. Rather it appears to mark the approximate center of a larger region containing more objects. For brevity we term all these objects and their alignments as large scale structure. The exact nature of LH146 itself remains unclear.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Unlocking the Door to Neuronal Woes in Alzheimer’s Disease: Aβ and Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore
Creators: name: Yan, Shirley ShiDu
name: Du, Heng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Pathology
Cytology
Aging

description: Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Amyloid-β peptide has deleterious effects on mitochondrial function and contributes to energy failure, respiratory chain impairment, neuronal apoptosis, and generation of reactive oxygen species in Alzheimer’s disease. The mechanisms underlying amyloid-β induced mitochondrial stress remain unclear. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial permeability transition pore is important for maintenance of mitochondrial and neuronal function in aging and neurodegenerative disease. Cyclophilin D (Cyp D) plays a central role in opening mitochondrial permeability transition pores, ultimately leading to cell death. Interaction of amyloid-β with cyclophilin D triggers or enhances the formation of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, consequently exacerbating mitochondrial and neuronal dysfunction, as shown by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, impaired mitochondrial respiration function, and increased oxidative stress and cytochrome c release. Blockade of cyclophilin D by genetic abrogation or pharmacologic inhibition protects mitochondria and neurons from amyloid-β induced toxicity, suggesting that cyclophilin D dependent mitochondrial transition pores are a therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease.
Health of Newborn Holstein Calves in Severe Cold
Creators: name: Rawson, R. E.
name: Dziuk, H. E.
name: Good, A. L.
name: Anderson, J. F.
name: Bates, D. W.
name: Ruth, G. R.
name: Serfass, R. C.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Morbidity and mortality among calves is a major concern of livestock producers, veterinarians, and animal health researchers world-wide. Notwithstanding use of the newest antibiotics and vaccines, death among neonatal calves has continued virtually unabated.1 In an effort to combat these losses many producers raise calves individually in calf hutches2 which serve to isolate calves from each other and from older cattle which act as carriers of disease organisms.1
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Certifying non-existence of undesired locally stable equilibria in formation shape control problems
Creators: name: Summers, Tyler H.
name: Yu, Changbin
name: Dasgupta, Soura
name: Anderson, Brian D. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A fundamental control problem for autonomous vehicle formations is formation shape control, in which the agents must maintain a prescribed formation shape using only information measured or communicated from neighboring agents. While a large and growing literature has recently emerged on distance-based formation shape control, global stability properties remain a significant open problem. Even in four-agent formations, the basic question of whether or not there can exist locally stable incorrect equilibrium shapes remains open. This paper shows how this question can be answered for any size formation in principle using semidefinite programming techniques for semialgebraic problems, involving solutions sets of polynomial equations, inequations, and inequalities.
description: 6 pages; to appear in the 2013 IEEE Multiconference on Systems and Control
Cooperative Wireless Sensor Network Positioning via Implicit Convex Feasibility
Creators: name: Gholami, Mohammad Reza
name: Tetruashvili, Luba
name: Ström, Erik G.
name: Censor, Yair
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a distributed positioning algorithm to estimate the unknown positions of a number of target nodes, given distance measurements between target nodes and between target nodes and a number of reference nodes at known positions. Based on a geometric interpretation, we formulate the positioning problem as an implicit convex feasibility problem in which some of the sets depend on the unknown target positions, and apply a parallel projection onto convex sets approach to estimate the unknown target node positions. The proposed technique is suitable for parallel implementation in which every target node in parallel can update its position and share the estimate of its location with other targets. We mathematically prove convergence of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results reveal enhanced performance for the proposed approach compared to available techniques based on projections, especially for sparse networks.
Seasonal Gradient Patterns of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Particulate Matter Concentrations near a Highway
Creators: name: Jung, Kyung Hwa
name: Artigas, Francisco
name: Shin, Jin Y.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Atmosphere
Environmental sciences
Environmental health

description: Close proximity to roadways has been associated with higher exposure to traffic-related air pollutants. However, analyses of the effects of season and meteorological parameters on horizontal gradient patterns of traffic-generated air pollutants still need to be elucidated. Our objectives were to: (1) determine effects of season on horizontal gradient patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), total suspended particles (TSP), and PM2.5 near a heavily trafficked highway; and (2) examine the effect of day-of-the-week variations (weekday versus weekend) associated with traffic counts on measured airborne-contaminant levels. PAHs (Σ8PAHs [MW 228–278]; gas + particulate), TSP and PM2.5 were monitored at nominal distances (50, 100, and 150 m) from the New Jersey Turnpike every 6 days for periods of 24 h, between September 2007 and September 2008. Seasonal variations in the horizontal gradient patterns of Σ8PAHs were observed. In the summer, Σ8PAHs declined significantly between 50–100 m from the highway (23% decrease), but not between the furthermost distances (100–150 m). An inverse pattern was observed in the winter: Σ8PAHs declined between 100–150 m (26% decrease), but not between the closest distances. Σ8PAHs and TSP, but not PM2.5, concentrations measured on weekends were 12–37% lower than those on weekdays, respectively, corresponding to lower diesel traffic volume. This study suggests that people living in the close proximity to highways may be exposed to varying levels of Σ8PAHs, TSP, and PM2.5 depending on distance to highway, season, and day-of-the-week variations.
Measuring general relativity effects in a terrestrial lab by means of laser gyroscopes
Creators: name: Beverini, N
name: Allegrini, M
name: Beghi, A
name: Belfi, J
name: Bouhadef, B.
name: Calamai, M
name: Carelli, G
name: Cuccato, D
name: Di Virgilio, A
name: Maccioni, E
name: Ortolan, A
name: Porzio, A.
name: Santagata, R
name: Solimeno, S
name: Tartaglia, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GINGER is a proposed tridimensional array of laser gyroscopes with the aim of measuring the Lense-Thirring effect, predicted by the General Relativity theory, in a terrestrial laboratory environment. We discuss the required accuracy, the methods to achieve it, and the preliminary experimental work in this direction.
description: Submitted to International Journal Laser Physics, 9 pages, 5 figure
Isoflurane Protects Against Human Endothelial Cell Apoptosis by Inducing Sphingosine Kinase-1 via ERK MAPK
Creators: name: Bakar, Adnan M.
name: Park, Sang Won
name: Kim, Mihwa
name: Lee, H. Thomas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cytology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Endothelial dysfunction is a major clinical problem affecting virtually every patient requiring critical care. Volatile anesthetics are frequently used during the perioperative period and protect the heart and kidney against ischemia and reperfusion injury. We aimed to determine whether isoflurane, the most commonly used volatile anesthetic in the USA, protects against endothelial apoptosis and necrosis and the mechanisms involved in this protection. Human endothelial EA.hy926 cells were pretreated with isoflurane or carrier gas (95% room air + 5% CO2) then subjected to apoptosis with tumor necrosis factor-α or to necrosis with hydrogen peroxide. DNA laddering and in situ Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Biotin-dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) staining determined EA.hy926 cell apoptosis and percent LDH released determined necrosis. We also determined whether isoflurane modulates the expression and activity of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) and induces the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK MAPK) as both enzymes are known to protect against cell death. Isoflurane pretreatment significantly decreased apoptosis in EA.hy926 cells as evidenced by reduced TUNEL staining and DNA laddering without affecting necrosis. Mechanistically, isoflurane induces the phosphorylation of ERK MAPK and increased SK1 expression and activity in EA.hy926 cells. Finally, selective blockade of SK1 (with SKI-II) or S1P1 receptor (with W146) abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of isoflurane. Taken together, we demonstrate that isoflurane, in addition to its potent analgesic and anesthetic properties, protects against endothelial apoptosis most likely via SK1 and ERK MAPK activation. Our findings have significant clinical implication for protection of endothelial cells during the perioperative period and patients requiring critical care.
Signatures of infall motions in the images of the molecular emission of G31 HMC
Creators: name: Mayen-Gijon, J. M.
name: Anglada, G.
name: Osorio, M.
name: Rodriguez, L. F.
name: Lizano, S.
name: Gomez, J. F.
name: Carrasco-Gonzalez, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although gravitational collapse is supposed to play an essential role in the star formation process, infall motions have been always elusive to detect. So far, only a few observational signatures have been commonly used to claim for the presence of infall. Often these features consist in either "blue-asymmetries" or absorption at red-shifted velocities (e.g., inverse P-Cygni profiles). Both signatures are based only on the shape of the line profile and they do not guarantee by themselves the presence of dominant infall motions. More robust "mapping signatures" can be obtained from images that angularly resolve the infalling gas. Here we present VLA observations of the ammonia inversion transitions (2,2), (3,3), (4,4), (5,5), and (6,6) towards the hot molecular core (HMC) near G31.41+0.31 that show the signatures of protostellar infall theoretically predicted by Anglada et al. (1991). The intensity of the ammonia emission is compact and sharply increases towards the centre in the blue-shifted velocity channel maps, while it shows a more flattened distribution in the red-shifted velocity channels. Additionally, the emission becomes more compact with increasing (relative) velocity for both red and blue-shifted channels. We introduce a new infall signature, the "central blue spot", easily identifiable in the first-order moment maps. We show that rotation produces an additional, independent signature, making the distribution of the emission in the channel maps asymmetric with respect to the central position, but without masking the infall signatures. All these mapping signatures, which are identified here for the first time, are present in the observed ammonia transitions of G31 HMC.
description: Too appear in MNRAS
Restriction Bounds for the Free Resolvent and Resonances in Lossy Scattering
Creators: name: Galkowski, Jeffrey
name: Smith, Hart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish high energy $L^2$ estimates for the restriction of the free Green's function to hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{R}^d$. As an application, we estimate the size of a logarithmic resonance free region for scattering by potentials of the form $V\otimes δ_Γ$, where $Γ\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ is a finite union of compact subsets of embedded hypersurfaces. In odd dimensions we prove a resonance expansion for solutions to the wave equation with such a potential.
description: 24 pages
The Case For A Renewal Of Civic Capitalism In The Independent Sector
Creators: name: Harshbarger, Scott
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: Today, the independent, non-profit sector, founded, created and praised, as the complement or supplement to the dominant major public and private sectors of our democracy and economy, has become a major player, if not the major one, in many aspects of our social, corporate and public life. The reality in fact is that we need and depend on this sector far more than ever before. the Third Sector is now central to, and virtually the dominant player in, the charitable and the social justice safety net, not merely the supplement to it, because of the decline in the role of government, the increase in the role of the private sector, and the dramatic expansion of the reach/role and functions of the non-profit world in the USA. NFP entities  now increasingly play and fulfill the functions of both the private and public sectors in, for example, health care, education and human services, international economic, public health, and civic stabilization, credit financing and legal services, in addition to the arts, sciences, research, and entrepreneurial and innovative risk taking pilot and other projects. The NFP sector touches all of our lives, and is vital to our quality of life. This happened, in large measure, because of tax laws that permit a huge shielding of wealth, creation of private foundations, and the influential impact of corporate social responsibility. With great opportunity and great power also comes great responsibility – in the words of Spiderman, to whom much is given, much is expected. The intersection of power and money without independent checks and balances yields corruption. It is precisely because the sector plays such a major role in American society and is the recipient of hundreds of billions of dollars in public, charitable and tax exempt funds that overarching and effective oversight of nonprofits is sorely needed.
Therefore, I challenge all of us in this sector (institutions, boards, executives, and regulators) to justify, as a matter of public policy, why this sector should be immune from public accountability and responsibility.
Economic Aspects of Nutritional Monitoring on Dairy Herds
Creators: name: Galligan, David T.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Veterinary nutritional services are an integral part of the herd health services offered to dairy clients (1). Nutrition plays a vital role influencing the production efficiency of the herd both on a disease and input cost level. Feeds form approximately 40-60% of the total input cost of milk production. More importantly the feeding program is a cost center that can be effectively controlled at minimal additional cost. The veterinarian can play the vital role in providing unbiased nutritional services at relatively low cost. The purpose of this talk is to go over the nature of this service. A nutritional service can be broken down into three main areas of routine activity in which the veterinarian can play a vital role: I) Feed Selection, 2) Feed distribution, and 3) Monitoring production efficiency. Each of these areas will be discussed in detail.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Spectral properties of the Laplacian of multiplex networks
Creators: name: Sole-Ribalta, Albert
name: De Domenico, Manlio
name: Kouvaris, Nikos E.
name: Diaz-Guilera, Albert
name: Gomez, Sergio
name: Arenas, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the more challenging tasks in the understanding of dynamical properties of models on top of complex networks is to capture the precise role of multiplex topologies. In a recent paper, Gomez et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 028701 (2013)] proposed a framework for the study of diffusion processes in such networks. Here, we extend the previous framework to deal with general configurations in several layers of networks, and analyze the behavior of the spectrum of the Laplacian of the full multiplex. We derive an interesting decoupling of the problem that allow us to unravel the role played by the interconnections of the multiplex in the dynamical processes on top of them. Capitalizing on this decoupling we perform an asymptotic analysis that allow us to derive analytical expressions for the full spectrum of eigenvalues. This spectrum is used to gain insight into physical phenomena on top of multiplex, specifically, diffusion processes and synchronizability.
description: 8 pages, 11 figures
Hybrid Continuous-Discrete Computer: from ISA to Microarchitecture
Creators: name: Huang, Yipeng
name: Sethumadhavan, Simha
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Computer science

description: In this project, we design an instruction set architecture for a proposed hybrid continuous-discrete computer (HCDC) chip. The ISA harnesses the microarchitectural features and analog circuitry provided in the hardware. We describe the workloads that are suitable for the HCDC architecture. The underlying microarchitecture for the HCDC chip, including its controllers, datapaths, and interfaces to analog and digital functional units are specified in detail.
Monte Carlo study elucidates the type 1/type 2 choice in apoptotic death signaling in normal and cancer cells
Creators: name: Raychaudhuri, Subhadip
name: Das, Somkanya C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Apoptotic cell death is coordinated through two distinct (type 1 and type 2) intracellular signaling pathways. How the type 1/type 2 choice is made remains a fundamental problem in the biology of apoptosis and has implications for apoptosis related diseases and therapy. We study the problem of type 1/type 2 choice in silico utilizing a kinetic Monte Carlo model of cell death signaling. Our results show that the type 1/type 2 choice is linked to deterministic versus stochastic cell death activation, elucidating a unique regulatory control of the apoptotic pathways. Consistent with previous findings, our results indicate that caspase 8 activation level is a key regulator of the choice between deterministic type 1 and stochastic type 2 pathways, irrespective of cell types. Expression levels of signaling molecules downstream also regulate the type 1/type 2 choice. A simplified model of DISC clustering elucidates the mechanism of increased active caspase 8 generation, and type 1 activation, in cancer cells having increased sensitivity to death receptor activation. We demonstrate that rapid deterministic activation of the type 1 pathway can selectively target those cancer cells, especially if XIAP is also inhibited; while inherent cell-to-cell variability would allow normal cells stay protected.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures
Veterinarians and the Dairyman's Bottomline
Creators: name: McCawley, Hal
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: The Dairyman's Bottom Line is not just "a" measurement, it is "the" measurement of the success of a dairyman. There are additional measurements, benefits, and rewards, but they are not a substitute for the Bottom Line. The successful dairyman is surrounded by a team of successful outside professionals. These must include a veterinarian, a banker, a CPA, and a nutritionist. The input from these professionals must be heard by the owners. managers of the dairy operation, but these people should not manage or "run the dairy". The ultimate decisions must be made by the owners because they are the ones that will receive the ultimate successes and failures, the Bottom Line. We all must be aware of the current litigious tendencies surrounding agriculture, including dairying.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Neural Avalanches at the Critical Point between Replay and Non-Replay of Spatiotemporal Patterns
Creators: name: Scarpetta, Silvia
name: de Candia, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model spontaneous cortical activity with a network of coupled spiking units, in which multiple spatio-temporal patterns are stored as dynamical attractors. We introduce an order parameter, which measures the overlap (similarity) between the activity of the network and the stored patterns. We find that, depending on the excitability of the network, different working regimes are possible. For high excitability, the dynamical attractors are stable, and a collective activity that replays one of the stored patterns emerges spontaneously, while for low excitability, no replay is induced. Between these two regimes, there is a critical region in which the dynamical attractors are unstable, and intermittent short replays are induced by noise. At the critical spiking threshold, the order parameter goes from zero to one, and its fluctuations are maximized, as expected for a phase transition (and as observed in recent experimental results in the brain). Notably, in this critical region, the avalanche size and duration distributions follow power laws. Critical exponents are consistent with a scaling relationship observed recently in neural avalanches measurements. In conclusion, our simple model suggests that avalanche power laws in cortical spontaneous activity may be the effect of a network at the critical point between the replay and non-replay of spatio-temporal patterns.
Transparency and Price Formation
Creators: name: Kaya, Ayca
name: Liu, Qingmin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: We study the role that price transparency plays in determining the efficiency and surplus division in a sequential bargaining model of price formation with asymmetric information. Under natural assumptions on type distributions, and for any discount factor, we show that the unobservability of past negotiations leads to lower prices and faster trading. Unobservability therefore enhances the "Coasian effect" by fostering efficiency and diverting more of the surplus to the player who possesses private information. In addition, we show that the equilibrium is unique and is in pure strategies in the non-transparent regime; this stands in sharp contrast to the existing literature and allows for a better understanding of the Coasian effect and price observability.
Auctions with Limited Commitment
Creators: name: Liu, Qingmin
name: Mierendorff, Konrad
name: Shi, Xianwen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics
Commerce

description: We study auction design in the standard symmetric independent private values environment, where the seller lacks the commitment power to withhold an unsold object off the market. The seller has a single object and can conduct an infinite sequence of standard auctions with reserve prices to maximize her expected profit. In each period, the seller can commit to a reserve price for the current period but cannot commit to future reserve prices. We analyze the problem with limited commitment through an auxiliary mechanism design problem with full commitment, in which an additional constraint reflects the sequential rationality of the seller. We characterize the maximal profit achievable in any perfect Bayesian equilibrium in the limit as the period length vanishes. The static full commitment profit is not achievable but the seller can always guarantee the profit of an efficient auction. If the number of buyers exceeds a cutoff which is small for many distributions, the efficient auction is optimal. Otherwise, the efficient auction is not optimal, and we give conditions under which the optimal solution consists of an initial auction with a non-trivial reserve price followed by a continuously decreasing price path. The solution is described by a simple ordinary differential equation. Our analysis combines insights from bargaining, auctions, and mechanism design.
For Whom Will You Be Working in the Year 2000
Creators: name: Siebert, John
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Our first speaker today is Dr. John Siebert. John is a Petaluma, California boy who got his Masters and Ph.D. at the University of California, Berkley. He was an extension economist at Purdue University from 1978 to 1981. He became the extension economist at U .C. Davis from 1981 to 1985, and presently is the economist with the California Cooperative Creamery in Petaluma. His special recognition according to John is that he has put his foot in his mouth in almost every county in Indiana and California and so now he wants to spread it to Arizona.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Ecological drivers and evolutionary patterns: diet, feeding, evolution and extinction in conodonts
Creators: name: Stockey, Christopher S.
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Conodonts are a group of extinct jawless early vertebrates. They have one of the most abundant and temporally well resolved fossil records, spanning over 300 million years. While their evolutionary significance is well recognised, little is known about their ecology. This is largely due to the absence of extant animals with homologous feeding tools to compare them with. In this thesis, we review previous research into the feeding function and dietary ecology of conodont elements, critically evaluating the analytical power of the methods used. We demonstrate that a new suite of methods, dental topographic metrics, can successfully infer diet between distantly related clades with nonhomologous feeding tools. Application of dental topographic metrics and consideration of biophysical scaling constraints demonstrates that conodont consumer niche breadth was comparable to modern mammals. Conodont dietary niche was found to be closely associated with descriptive morphofunctional categories, grouping them into dietary guilds. Variation in the relative abundance of dietary guilds throughout their fossil record shows a succession of three distinct faunas, a rapid origination of different ecologies in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, an ecological Devonian Nekton Revolution and little change in ecosystem structure at mass extinction events. High temporal- and ecological resolution analysis of the Hangenberg Crisis extinction event demonstrates that little overall change in ecology across the event was brought about through the selective extinction of hard diets and rapid origination of similar ecologies in the immediate recovery period. This thesis represents a marked change in our understanding of conodont diets. Through the development and application of dental topographic metrics we have unlocked the conodont fossil record for palaeoecological study with an emphasis on diet. We anticipate this to be a starting point for more sophisticated analyses of marine ecosystem structure through time, not only using conodonts but also through the analysis of other enigmatic fossil records.
Pre- and post-selected quantum states: density matrices, tomography, and Kraus operators
Creators: name: Silva, Ralph
name: Guryanova, Yelena
name: Brunner, Nicolas
name: Linden, Noah
name: Short, Anthony J.
name: Popescu, Sandu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a general formalism for charecterizing 2-time quantum states, describing pre- and post-selected quantum systems. The most general 2-time state is characterized by a `density vector' that is independent of measurements performed between the preparation and post-selection. We provide a method for performing tomography of an unknown 2-time density vector. This procedure, which cannot be implemented by weak or projective measurements, brings new insight to the fundamental role played by Kraus operators in quantum measurements. Finally, after showing that general states and measurements are isomorphic, we show that any measurement on a 2-time state can be mapped to a measurement on a preselected bipartite state.
description: 7 pages
Physiology and Pharmacology of the Postpartum Cow and Retained Fetal Membranes
Creators: name: Bretzlaff, Katherine
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Retained fetal membranes (RFM) in dairy cows are frequently associated with postpartum endometritis, delayed involution, delayed onset of cyclicity, and reduced reproductive performance. Numerous reports and recommendations for the treatment of RFM have been published, yet the search continues for a method to prevent the occurrence of the condition or at least reduce its effect on fertility.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987