cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dataset for: Modeling chemotherapy induced neurotoxicity with human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived sensory neurons
Creators: name: Schinke, Christian
name: Fernandez Vallone, Valeria
name: Ivanov, Andranik
name: Peng, Yangfan
name: Körtvelyessy, Péter
name: Nolte, Luca
name: Huehnchen, Petra
name: Beule, Dieter
name: Stachelscheid, Harald
name: Boehmerle, Wolfgang
name: Endres, Matthias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Induced pluripotent stem cell derived sensory neurons (iPSC-DSN)
subject: Chemotherapy induced neuropathy
subject: 3R
subject: Replacement
subject: Transcriptome
subject: Lithium
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a frequent and potentially irreversible adverse event of cytotoxic chemotherapy. We evaluate whether sensory neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC-DSN) can serve as human disease model system for chemotherapy induced neurotoxicity. Sensory neurons differentiated from two established induced pluripotent stem cell lines were used (s.c. BIHi005-A https://hpscreg.eu/cell- line/BIHi005-A and BIHi004-B https://hpscreg.eu/cell-line/BIHi004-B, Berlin Institute of Health Stem Cell Core Facility). Cell viability and cytotoxicity assays were performed, comparing susceptibility to four neurotoxic and two non-neurotoxic drugs. RNA sequencing analyses in paclitaxel vs. vehicle (DMSO)treated sensory neurons were performed. Treatment of iPSC-DSN for 24 h with the neurotoxic drugs paclitaxel, bortezomib, vincristine and cisplatin led to a dose dependent decline of cell viability in clinically relevant IC50 ranges, which was not the case for the non-neurotoxic compounds doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil. RNA sequencing analyses at 24 h, i.e. before paclitaxel-induced cell death occurred, revealed the differential expression of genes of neuronal injury, cellular stress response, and sterol pathways in response to 1 mu M paclitaxel. Neuroprotective effects of lithium chloride co-incubation, which were previously shown in rodent dorsal root ganglia, could be replicated in human iPSC-DSN. Cell lines from the two different donors BIHi005-A and BIHi004-B showed different responses to the neurotoxic treatment in cell viability and cytotoxicity assays.
Protocol for the development and validation of a risk prediction model for stillbirths from 35 weeks gestation in Australia
Creators: name: Sexton, Jessica K.
name: Coory, Michael
name: Kumar, Sailesh
name: Smith, Gordon
name: Gordon, Adrienne
name: Chambers, Georgina
name: Pereira, Gavin
name: Raynes-Greenow, Camille
name: Hilder, Lisa
name: Middleton, Philippa
name: Bowman, Anneka
name: Lieske, Scott N.
name: Warrilow, Kara
name: Morris, Jonathan
name: Ellwood, David
name: Flenady, Vicki
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Protocol
Fetal death
Stillbirth
Prediction
Prognostic
Risk
Obstetrics
Perinatal
AUROC

description: Abstract: Background: Despite advances in the care of women and their babies in the past century, an estimated 1.7 million babies are born still each year throughout the world. A robust method to estimate a pregnant woman’s individualized risk of late-pregnancy stillbirth is needed to inform decision-making around the timing of birth to reduce the risk of stillbirth from 35 weeks of gestation in Australia, a high-resource setting. Methods: This is a protocol for a cross-sectional study of all late-pregnancy births in Australia (2005–2015) from 35 weeks of gestation including 5188 stillbirths among 3.1 million births at an estimated rate of 1.7 stillbirths per 1000 births. A multivariable logistic regression model will be developed in line with current TransparentReporting of a multivariable prediction model forIndividualPrognosis orDiagnosis (TRIPOD) guidelines to estimate the gestation-specific probability of stillbirth with prediction intervals. Candidate predictors were identified from systematic reviews and clinical consultation and will be described through univariable regression analysis. To generate a final model, elimination by backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression will be performed. The model will be internally validated using bootstrapping with 1000 repetitions and externally validated using a temporally unique dataset. Overall model performance will be assessed with R2, calibration, and discrimination. Calibration will be reported using a calibration plot with 95% confidence intervals (α = 0.05). Discrimination will be measured by the C-statistic and area underneath the receiver-operator curves. Clinical usefulness will be reported as positive and negative predictive values, and a decision curve analysis will be considered. Discussion: A robust method to predict a pregnant woman’s individualized risk of late-pregnancy stillbirth is needed to inform timely, appropriate care to reduce stillbirth. Among existing prediction models designed for obstetric use, few have been subject to internal and external validation and many fail to meet recommended reporting standards. In developing a risk prediction model for late-gestation stillbirth with both providers and pregnant women in mind, we endeavor to develop a validated model for clinical use in Australia that meets current reporting standards.
Black holes and gamma ray bursts: background for the theoretical model
Creators: name: Ruffini, Remo J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea that the vacuum polarization process occurring during gravitational collapse to a black hole endowed with electromagnetic structure (EMBH) could be the origin of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) is further developed. EMBHs in the range 3.2 -- 10$^6$ solar masses are considered. The formation of such an EMBH, the extraction of its mass-energy by reversible transformations and the expansion of the pair-electromagnetic pulse (PEM pulse) are all examined within general relativity. The PEM pulse is shown to accelerate particles to speeds with Lorentz gamma factors way beyond any existing experiment on Earth. Details of the expected burst structures and other observable properties are examined.
description: 33 pages, 19 figures, to appear in the "Proceedings of the Ninth Marcel Grossmann Meeting on General Relativity (MGIXMM)", World Scientific (Singapore, in press)
Bioprinted Multi-Cell Type Lung Model for the Study of Viral Inhibitors
Creators: name: Berg, Johanna
name: Weber, Zia
name: Fechler-Bitteti, Mona
name: Hocke, Andreas C.
name: Hippenstiel, Stefan
name: Elomaa, Laura
name: Weinhart, Marie
name: Kurreck, Jens
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: bioprinting
subject: human lung model
subject: influenza A virus
subject: LPS stimulation
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Influenza A virus (IAV) continuously causes epidemics and claims numerous lives every year. The available treatment options are insufficient and the limited pertinence of animal models for human IAV infections is hampering the development of new therapeutics. Bioprinted tissue models support studying pathogenic mechanisms and pathogen-host interactions in a human micro tissue environment. Here, we describe a human lung model, which consisted of a bioprinted base of primary human lung fibroblasts together with monocytic THP-1 cells, on top of which alveolar epithelial A549 cells were printed. Cells were embedded in a hydrogel consisting of alginate, gelatin and collagen. These constructs were kept in long-term culture for 35 days and their viability, expression of specific cell markers and general rheological parameters were analyzed. When the models were challenged with a combination of the bacterial toxins LPS and ATP, a release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-8 was observed, confirming that the model can generate an immune response. In virus inhibition assays with the bioprinted lung model, the replication of a seasonal IAV strain was restricted by treatment with an antiviral agent in a dose-dependent manner. The printed lung construct provides an alveolar model to investigate pulmonary pathogenic biology and to support development of new therapeutics not only for IAV, but also for other viruses.
Strategic connectivity in 5G and 6G and remote surgery: The case of Germany
Creators: name: Martinelli, Marina
name: Leite Francisco da Costa, Luis Antonio
name: Mazoni, Alysson
name: Sanches, Juliano Luís Pereira
name: Kunst, Rafael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: 5G/6G
Technological Innovation Systems
Remote Surgery

description: This article addresses the topic of 5G and 6G as a Technological Innovation System (TIS) along with the

industrial application of Remote Surgery as an empirical case, exploring three main contributions. Firstly, this

research contributes to the connection of the Technological Innovation Systems perspective and 5G and 6G

networks in a quantitative viewpoint at national and international levels. Secondly, it contributes to Knowledge

Production (F2) and Diffusion (F3) studies through Bibliometrics and software uses. Third, it contributes to the

studies of a connection in 5G and 6G networks in the Remote Surgery empirical case application on TIS

analytical background. Methodologically, the research problem of this study is to explore the R&D capacity in

5G and 6G TIS concerning the applicability of Remote Surgery worldwide and, consequently, in Germany. The

general objective is to improve the industrial relevance of Remote Surgery through quantifying publications and

patents and the collaborative networks in these domains. According to publications and patent data, the results

reveal a crucial R&D map of Germany until 2021.
Spin-entropy driven melting of the charge order in La1.5Sr0.5CoO4
Creators: name: Zaliznyak, I. A.
name: Tranquada, J. M.
name: Erwin, R.
name: Moritomo, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the melting of the charge order in the half-doped tetragonal perovskite La1.5Sr0.5CoO4 by elastic neutron scattering. We found that diffuse peaks, corresponding to the breathing-type modulation of oxygen positions in the CoO6 octahedra, disappear above Tc = 825(27) K. This melting of the diffuse superstructure is reversible (no change in the correlation lengths upon annealing is observed) and accompanied by a large nonlinear thermal expansion along the tetragonal c-axis, with a cusp at Tc. We conclude that quenched disorder of the doped Sr ions is at the origin of this anisotropic charge glass state. We also suggest that its melting is driven by the transition from the intermediate- to the high-spin state of Co{3+} ion, which is favored by the spin entropy at high T.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
On Percolation and Circular Bragg Phenomenon in Metallic, Helicoidally Periodic, Sculptured Thin Films
Creators: name: Lakhtakia, Akhlesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The concept of local homogenization is invoked in the visible and the sub-visible frequency regimes to estimate the permittivity dyadics of a thin-film helicoidal bianisotropic mediums (TFHBMs)~---~a canonical class of sculptured thin films with helicoidally periodic microstructure~---~made of a metal. Examination of the components of the permittivity dyadics, as well as of the co- and the cross-polarized reflectances of axially excited, metallic TFHBM halfspaces, reveals that three different absorbing-dielectric-to-metal transitions will occur as the metallic volumetric fraction is increased, but only two will be optically sensed using normally incident plane waves. The first transition is show to virtually eliminate the circular Bragg phenomenon characteristically displayed by axially excited, dielectric TFHBMs.
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023 : Precipitation
Creators: name: Walsh, J. E.
name: Bigalke, S.
name: McAfee, S. A.
name: Lader, R.
name: Serreze, M. C.
name: Ballinger, T. J.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC; 23-04
description: Consistent with Arctic warming (see essay Surface Air Temperature), precipitation in the Arctic is increasing (Box et al. 2021). As shown in the 2022 Arctic Report Card and updated here (Fig. 1), the increase of pan-Arctic mean precipitation is apparent in all seasons (Walsh et al. 2022). However, trends in Arctic precipitation vary regionally (Ye et al. 2021; Yu and Zhong 2021) and interannual variability is large. These variations have important implications for wildfire season severity and for river and lake levels. Warming is also leading to a transition from solid to liquid precipitation in the warmer parts of the Arctic (Box et al. 2021), although the coldest areas of the Arctic are expected to see snowfall increases in the future (McCrystall et al. 2021; Bigalke and Walsh 2022).
Algorithms for uniform particle initialization in domains with complex boundaries
Creators: name: Negi, Pawan
name: Ramachandran, Prabhu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurate mesh-free simulation of fluid flows involving complex boundaries requires that the boundaries be captured accurately in terms of particles. In the context of incompressible/weakly-compressible fluid flow, the SPH method is more accurate when the particle distribution is uniform. Hence, for the time accurate simulation of flow in the presence of complex boundaries, one must have both an accurate boundary discretization as well as a uniform distribution of particles to initialize the simulation. This process of obtaining an initial uniform distribution of particles is called "particle packing". In this paper, various particle packing algorithms present in the literature are implemented and compared. An improved SPH-based algorithm is proposed which produces uniform particle distributions of both the fluid and solid domains in two and three dimensions. Some challenging geometries are constructed to demonstrate the accuracy of the new algorithm. The implementation of the algorithm is open source and the manuscript is fully reproducible.
description: 44 pages, 21 figures
CD4+ T Cell Dependent B Cell Recovery and Function After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Creators: name: Heck, Clarissa
name: Steiner, Sophie
name: Kaebisch, Eva M.
name: Frentsch, Marco
name: Wittenbecher, Friedrich
name: Scheibenbogen, Carmen
name: Hanitsch, Leif G.
name: Nogai, Axel
name: Le Coutre, Philipp
name: Bullinger, Lars
name: Blau, Igor-Wolfgang
name: Na, Il-Kang
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: B cell defects
subject: autologous hematopoiectic stem cell transplantation
subject: T cell dependent B cell activation
subject: immune reconstitution
subject: multiple myeloma
subject: secondary immunodeficiencies
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT) represents a standard treatment regime for multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Common and potentially fatal side effects after auto-HSCT are infections due to a severely compromised immune system with hampered humoral and cellular immunity. This study delineates in depth the quantitative and functional B cell defects and investigates underlying extrinsic or intrinsic drivers. Methods: Peripheral blood of MM patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and auto-HSCT (before high-dose chemotherapy and in early reconstitution after HSCT) was studied. Absolute numbers and distribution of B cell subsets were analyzed ex vivo using flow cytometry. Additionally, B cell function was assessed with T cell dependent (TD) and T cell independent (TI) stimulation assays, analyzing proliferation and differentiation of B cells by flow cytometry and numbers of immunoglobulin secreting cells in ELISpots. Results: Quantitative B cell defects including a shift in the B cell subset distribution occurred after auto-HSCT. Functionally, these patients showed an impaired TD as well as TI B cell immune response. Individual functional responses correlated with quantitative alterations of CD19+, CD4+, memory B cells and marginal zone-like B cells. The TD B cell function could be partially restored upon stimulation with CD40L/IL-21, successfully inducing B cell proliferation and differentiation into plasmablasts and immunoglobulin secreting cells. Conclusion: Quantitative and functional B cell defects contribute to the compromised immune defense in MM patients undergoing auto-HSCT. Functional recovery upon TD stimulation and correlation with CD4+ T cell numbers, indicate these as extrinsic drivers of the functional B cell defect. Observed correlations of CD4+, CD19+, memory B and MZ-like B cell numbers with the B cell function suggest that these markers should be tested as potential biomarkers in prospective studies.
Fine-tuning autophagy maximises lifespan and is associated with changes in mitochondrial gene expression in Drosophila
Creators: name: Bjedov, Ivana
name: Cochemé, Helena M.
name: Foley, Andrea
name: Wieser, Daniela
name: Woodling, Nathaniel S.
name: Castillo-Quan, Jorge Iván
name: Norvaisas, Povilas
name: Lujan, Celia
name: Regan, Jennifer C.
name: Toivonen, Janne M.
name: Murphy, Michael P.
name: Thornton, Janet
name: Kinghorn, Kerri J.
name: Neufeld, Thomas P.
name: Cabreiro, Filipe
name: Partridge, Linda
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Medicine and health sciences

description: Increased cellular degradation by autophagy is a feature of many interventions that delay ageing. We report here that increased autophagy is necessary for reduced insulin-like signalling (IIS) to extend lifespan in Drosophila and is sufficient on its own to increase lifespan. We first established that the well-characterised lifespan extension associated with deletion of the insulin receptor substrate chico was completely abrogated by downregulation of the essential autophagy gene Atg5. We next directly induced autophagy by over-expressing the major autophagy kinase Atg1 and found that a mild increase in autophagy extended lifespan. Interestingly, strong Atg1 up-regulation was detrimental to lifespan. Transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches identified specific signatures mediated by varying levels of autophagy in flies. Transcriptional upregulation of mitochondrial-related genes was the signature most specifically associated with mild Atg1 upregulation and extended lifespan, whereas short-lived flies, possessing strong Atg1 overexpression, showed reduced mitochondrial metabolism and up-regulated immune system pathways. Increased proteasomal activity and reduced triacylglycerol levels were features shared by both moderate and high Atg1 overexpression conditions. These contrasting effects of autophagy on ageing and differential metabolic profiles highlight the importance of fine-tuning autophagy levels to achieve optimal healthspan and disease prevention.
Chiral Modular Bootstrap
Creators: name: Ashrafi, Maryam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using modular bootstrap we show the lightest primary fields of a unitary compact two dimensional conformal field theory(with $c, \bar{c}>1$) has a conformal weight $h_1\le \frac{c}{12}+\mathcal{O}(1)$.This implies that the upper bound on the dimension of the lightest primary fields depends on their spin. In particular if the set of lightest primary fields includes extremal or near extremal states whose spin to dimension ratio $\frac{j}Δ\approx 1$, the corresponding dimension is $Δ\le \frac{c}{12}+\mathcal{O}(1)$. From AdS/CFT correspondence, we obtain an upper bound on the spectrum of black hole in three dimensional gravity. Our results show that if the first primary fields have large spin, the corresponding three dimensional gravity has extremal or near extremal BTZ black hole.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023 : Terrestrial Snow Cover
Creators: name: Mudryk, L. R.
name: Elias Chereque, A.
name: Derksen, C.
name: Luojus, K.
name: Decharme, B.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC; 23-03
description: Many Arctic land surface processes are directly influenced by snow cover from fall through spring, including the surface energy budget, ground thermal regime, permafrost, and terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems (Brown et al. 2017; Meredith et al. 2019). Even following the snow cover season, the influence of spring snow melt timing persists through impacts on river discharge timing and magnitude, surface water, soil moisture, vegetation phenology, and fire risk (Meredith et al. 2019).
Distinct genetic changes reveal evolutionary history and heterogeneous molecular grade of DLBCL with MYC / BCL2 double-hit
Creators: name: Cucco, Francesco
name: Barrans, Sharon
name: Sha, Chulin
name: Clipson, Alexandra
name: Crouch, Simon
name: Dobson, Rachel
name: Chen, Zi
name: Thompson, Joe Sneath
name: Care, Matthew A.
name: Cummin, Thomas
name: Caddy, Josh
name: Liu, Hongxiang
name: Robinson, Anne
name: Schuh, Anna
name: Fitzgibbon, Jude
name: Painter, Daniel
name: Smith, Alexandra
name: Roman, Eve
name: Tooze, Reuben
name: Burton, Catherine
name: Davies, Andrew J.
name: Westhead, David R.
name: Johnson, Peter W. M.
name: Du, Ming-Qing
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/208/68
/631/208/2489
/45/23
/14/32
article

description: Abstract: Using a Burkitt lymphoma-like gene expression signature, we recently defined a high-risk molecular high-grade (MHG) group mainly within germinal centre B-cell like diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (GCB-DLBCL), which was enriched for MYC/BCL2 double-hit (MYC/BCL2-DH). The genetic basis underlying MHG-DLBCL and their aggressive clinical behaviour remain unknown. We investigated 697 cases of DLBCL, particularly those with MYC/BCL2-DH (n = 62) by targeted sequencing and gene expression profiling. We showed that DLBCL with MYC/BCL2-DH, and those with BCL2 translocation, harbour the characteristic mutation signatures that are associated with follicular lymphoma and its high-grade transformation. We identified frequent MYC hotspot mutations that affect the phosphorylation site (T58) and its adjacent amino acids, which are important for MYC protein degradation. These MYC mutations were seen in a subset of cases with MYC translocation, but predominantly in those of MHG. The mutations were more frequent in double-hit lymphomas with IG as the MYC translocation partner, and were associated with higher MYC protein expression and poor patient survival. DLBCL with MYC/BCL2-DH and those with BCL2 translocation alone are most likely derived from follicular lymphoma or its precursor lesion, and acquisition of MYC pathogenic mutations may augment MYC function, resulting in aggressive clinical behaviour.
Relativistic effects in the search for high density symmetry energy
Creators: name: Greco, V.
name: Baran, V.
name: Colonna, M.
name: Di Toro, M.
name: Gaitanos, T.
name: Wolter, H. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermediate energy heavy ion collisions open the unique possibility to explore the Equation of State ($EOS$) of nuclear matter far from saturation, in particular the density dependence of the symmetry energy. Within a relativistic transport model it is shown that the isovector-scalar $δ$-meson, which affects the high density behavior of the symmetry energy density, influences the dynamics of heavy ion collisions in terms of isospin collective flows. The effect is largely enhanced by a relativistic mechanism related to the covariant nature of the fields contributing to the isovector channel. Results for reactions induced by $^{132}Sn$ radioactive beams are presented. The elliptic flows of nucleons and light isobars appear to be quite sensitive to microscopic structure of the symmetry term, in particular for particles with large transverse momenta, since they represent an earlier emission from a compressed source. Thus future, more exclusive, experiments with relativistic radioactive beams should be able to set stringent constraints on the density dependence of the symmetry energy far from ground state nuclear matter.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures inserted in the text. Elsevier preprint format (Latex) Version with a new figure for the more physical 132Sn+124Sn case
Levy Laplacians and instantons on manifolds
Creators: name: Volkov, Boris O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 70S15, 58J35

description: The equivalence of the anti-selfduality Yang-Mills equations on the 4-dimensional orientable Riemannian manifold and Laplace equations for some infinite dimensional Laplacians is proved. A class of modificated Levy Laplacians parameterized by the choice of a curve in the group $SO(4)$ is introduced. It is shown that a connection is an instanton (a solution of the anti-selfduality Yang-Mills equations) if and only if the parallel transport generalized by this connection is a solution of the Laplace equations for some three modificated Levy Laplacians from this class.
description: 18 pages
Production of IL-6 and Phagocytosis Are the Most Resilient Immune Functions in Metabolically Compromised Human Monocytes
Creators: name: Krauss, Pierre-Louis
name: Pfeiffenberger, Moritz
name: Damerau, Alexandra
name: Buttgereit, Thomas
name: Chen, Yuling
name: Gaber, Timo
name: Buttgereit, Frank
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: immunometabolism
subject: bioenergetics
subject: IL-6
subject: phagocytosis
subject: human monocytes
subject: energy
subject: ATP
subject: lack of glucose availability
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: At sites of inflammation, monocytes carry out specific immune functions while facing challenging metabolic restrictions. Here, we investigated the potential of human monocytes to adapt to conditions of gradually inhibited oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) under glucose free conditions. We used myxothiazol, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiration, to adjust two different levels of decreased mitochondrial ATP production. At these levels, and compared to uninhibited OXPHOS, we assessed phagocytosis, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through NADPH oxidase (NOX), expression of surface activation markers CD16, CD80, CD11b, HLA-DR, and production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha in human monocytes. We found phagocytosis and the production of IL-6 to be least sensitive to metabolic restrictions while surface expression of CD11b, HLA-DR, production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta and production of ROS through NOX were most compromised by inhibition of OXPHOS in the absence of glucose. Our data demonstrate a short-term hierarchy of immune functions in human monocytes, which represents novel knowledge potentially leading to the development of new therapeutics in monocyte-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Interlayer tunneling spectroscopy of Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$: a look from inside on the doping phase diagram of high $T_c$ superconductors
Creators: name: Krasnov, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A systematic, doping dependent interlayer tunneling spectroscopy of Bi2212 high $T_c$ superconductor is presented. An improved resolution made it possible to simultaneously trace the superconducting gap (SG) and the normal state pseudo-gap (PG) in a close vicinity of $T_c$ and to analyze closing of the PG at $T^*$. The obtained doping phase diagram exhibits a critical doping point for appearance of the PG and a characteristic crossing of the SG and the PG close to the optimal doping. This points towards coexistence of two different and competing order parameters in Bi2212. Experimental data indicate that the SG can form a combined (large) gap with the PG at $T
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Stable exponential cosmological solutions with three factor spaces of dimensions $m=3$, $k_1=k$ and $k_2 = k$ in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model with a $Λ$-term
Creators: name: Ernazarov, K. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a $(4 + 2k)$ - dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet model with the cosmological $Λ$-term. Exact stable solutions with three constant Hubble-like parameters in this model are obtained. In this case, the multidimensional cosmological model deals with three factor spaces: the external 3-dimensional "our" world and internal subspaces with dimensions $k_1 = k$ and $k_2=k$.
description: 20 pages, LaTex, no figures, to appear in IJGMMP
Obstruction Theory in Model Categories
Creators: name: Christensen, J. Daniel
name: Dwyer, William G.
name: Isaksen, Daniel C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55S35, 55U35, 18G55 (primary), 18G30, 55P42 (secondary)

description: Many examples of obstruction theory can be formulated as the study of when a lift exists in a commutative square. Typically, one of the maps is a cofibration of some sort and the opposite map is a fibration, and there is a functorial obstruction class that determines whether a lift exists. Working in an arbitrary pointed proper model category, we classify the cofibrations that have such an obstruction theory with respect to all fibrations. Up to weak equivalence, retract, and cobase change, they are the cofibrations with weakly contractible target. Equivalently, they are the retracts of principal cofibrations. Without properness, the same classification holds for cofibrations with cofibrant source. Our results dualize to give a classification of fibrations that have an obstruction theory.
description: 17 pages. v3 includes improved introduction and several other minor improvements
Is the Peer Presence Effect on Heightened Adolescent Risky Decision-Making only Present in Males?
Creators: name: Defoe, Ivy N.
name: Dubas, Judith Semon
name: Dalmaijer, Edwin S.
name: Van Aken, Marcel A. G.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Empirical Research
Risky decision making
Risk behavior
Adolescence
Peer influences
Gender differences
Adolescent phase differences

description: Abstract: Social neurodevelopmental imbalance models posit that peer presence causes heightened adolescent risk-taking particularly during early adolescence. Evolutionary theory suggests that these effects would be most pronounced in males. However, the small but growing number of experimental studies on peer presence effects in adolescent risky decision-making showed mixed findings, and the vast majority of such studies did not test for the above-described gender and adolescent phase moderation effects. Moreover, most of those studies did not assess the criterion validity of the employed risky decision-making tasks. The current study was designed to investigate the abovementioned hypotheses among a sample of 327 ethnically-diverse Dutch early and mid-adolescents (49.80% female; Mage = 13.61). No main effect of peer presence on the employed risky-decision making task (i.e., the stoplight game) was found. However, the results showed a gender by peer presence moderation effect. Namely, whereas boys and girls engaged in equal levels of risks when they completed the stoplight game alone, boys engaged in more risk-taking than girls when they completed this task together with two same-sex peers. In contrast, adolescent phase did not moderate peer presence effects on risk-taking. Finally, the results showed that performance on the stoplight game predicted self-reported real-world risky traffic behavior, alcohol use and delinquency. Taken together, using a validated task, the present findings demonstrate that individual differences (i.e., gender) can determine whether the social environment (i.e., peer presence) affect risk-taking in early- and mid-adolescents. The finding that performance on a laboratory risky decision-making task can perhaps help identify adolescents that are vulnerable to diverse types of heightened risk behaviors is an important finding for science as well as prevention and intervention efforts.
title: NOAA Arctic Report Card 2023 : Surface Air Temperature
Creators: name: Ballinger, T. J.
name: Bigaalke, S.
name: Walsh, J. E.
name: Brettschneider, B.
name: Thoman, R. L.
name: Bhatt, U. S.
name: Hanna, E.
name: Hanssen-Bauer, I.
name: Kim, S. -J.
name: Overland, J. E.
name: Wang, M.
Publisher: name: NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing Program
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/037bamf06
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: NOAA Technical Report OAR ARC; 23-02
description: Consistent with previous Arctic Report Card Surface Air Temperature essays, we provide the historical context of this past year’s Arctic (60-90° N) air temperatures followed by a seasonal synopsis of air temperature patterns.
title: Device-related urinary tract infections – Foreword bythe section editors
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Tenke, Peter
name: Tambyah, Paul Ananth
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine
subject: Urology

description: The use of urological devices, especially urinary catheters, forms the basis of the daily praxis in urological departments, and also is widespread in most hospitals and long term care facilities. Using a foreign body that bypasses the normal host defences always increases the risk of infectious complications. Approximately 40% of healthcare-associated infections originate from the urinary tract, and most patients with nosocomial urinary tract infections (UTIs) have permanent urethral catheterisation or other urinary foreign bodies. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are the most common healthcare-associated infections worldwide. Although largely asymptomatic, they are major reservoirs for antibiotic resistance and contribute to morbidity in hospitals and long term care facilities.
description: Chapter of Living Handbook Urogenital Infections and Inflammations
Innovative Textiles Used in Face Masks: Filtration Efficiency and Self-Disinfecting Properties against Coronaviruses
Creators: name: Siller, Paul
name: Reissner, Janina
name: Hansen, Sabrina
name: Kühl, Michael
name: Bartel, Alexander
name: Schmelzeisen, David
name: Gries, Thomas
name: Roesler, Uwe
name: Friese, Anika
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: textile
subject: nanofleece
subject: coronavirus
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: face mask
subject: antiviral
subject: aerosol
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Within the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, personal protective equipment, including face masks, is one important tool to interrupt virus transmission chains within the community. In this context, the quality of different face masks is frequently discussed and should, therefore, be evaluated. In this study, nanofleece textiles with a particle filtering effect and textiles with a self-disinfecting treatment were examined, which may be combined in face masks. Firstly, newly developed nanofleece textiles were tested regarding their filtration efficiency against airborne coronavirus, using feline coronavirus (FCoV) as a surrogate for SARS-CoV-2. The tested nanofleece textiles showed filtration efficiencies of over 95% against FCoV when used as a double layer and were, therefore, almost on par with the FFP-2 mask material, which was used as a reference. Secondly, eight treated, self-disinfecting textiles, which may increase the safety in the handling of potentially contaminated masks, were tested against SARS-CoV-2. Three out of eight treated textiles showed significant activity against SARS-CoV-2 and achieved about three LOG10 (99.9%) of virus titer reduction after twelve hours of incubation. Since all possible transmission paths of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the minimal infection doses, remain unknown, both investigated approaches seem to be useful tools to lower the virus spread within the community.
Net baryon density in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Creators: name: Bass, Steffen A.
name: Müller, Berndt
name: Srivastava, Dinesh K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the net baryon rapidity distribution in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) in the framework of the Parton Cascade Model (PCM). Parton rescattering and fragmentation leads to a substantial increase in the net baryon density at mid-rapidity over the density produced by initial primary parton-parton scatterings. The PCM is able to describe the measured net baryon density at RHIC.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, uses REVTEX. Revised version accepted at PRL
Crystal scavenging from mush piles recorded by melt inclusions
Creators: name: Wieser, Penny E.
name: Edmonds, Marie
name: Maclennan, John
name: Jenner, Frances E.
name: Kunz, Barbara E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/704/2151/209
/704/2151/431
/704/2151/598
/147/28
/147/135
article

description: Abstract: Olivine-hosted melt inclusions are commonly used to determine pre-eruptive storage conditions. However, this approach relies on the assumption that co-erupted olivines have a simple association with their carrier melts. We show that primitive olivine crystal cargoes and their melt inclusions display a high degree of geochemical disequilibrium with their carrier melts at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai’i. Within a given eruption, melt inclusions trapped in primitive olivine crystals exhibit compositional diversity exceeding that in erupted lava compositions since 1790 CE. This demonstrates that erupting liquids scavenge crystal cargoes from mush piles accumulating diverse melt inclusion populations over timescales of centuries or longer. Entrainment of hot primitive olivines into cooler, evolved carrier melts drives post-entrapment crystallization and sequestration of CO2 into vapour bubbles, producing spurious barometric estimates. While scavenged melt inclusion records may not be suitable for the investigation of eruption-specific processes, they record timescales of crystal storage and remobilization within magmatic mush piles.
A New Molecular Detection System for Canine Distemper Virus Based on a Double-Check Strategy
Creators: name: Halecker, Sabrina
name: Bock, Sabine
name: Beer, Martin
name: Hoffmann, Bernd
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: canine distemper
subject: Canine morbillivirus
subject: diagnostic
subject: RT-qPCR
subject: domestic animal
subject: wildlife population
subject: double-check strategy
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Due to changing distemper issues worldwide and to inadequate results of an inter-laboratory study in Germany, it seems sensible to adapt and optimize the diagnostic methods for the detection of the canine distemper virus (CDV) to the new genetic diversity of virus strains. The goal of the project was the development, establishment and validation of two independent one-step reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) methods for the safe detection of CDV in domestic and wild animals. For this purpose, an existing CDV-RT-qPCR was decisively adapted and, in addition, a completely new system was developed. Both CDV-RT-qPCR systems are characterized by a very high, comparable analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and can be mutually combined with inhibition or extraction controls. The reduction in the master mix used allows for the parallel implementation of both CDV-RT-qPCR systems without significant cost increases. For validation of the new CDV-RT-qPCR duplex assays, a panel comprising 378 samples derived from Germany, several European countries and one African country were tested. A sensitivity of 98.9% and a specificity of 100% were computed for the new assays, thus being a reliable molecular diagnostic tool for the detection of CDV in domestic and wild animals.
High-dimensional regression in practice: an empirical study of finite-sample prediction, variable selection and ranking
Creators: name: Wang, Fan
name: Mukherjee, Sach
name: Richardson, Sylvia
name: Hill, Steven M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
Simulation study
High-dimensional regression
Penalized regression
Lasso
Variable selection
Prediction

description: Abstract: Penalized likelihood approaches are widely used for high-dimensional regression. Although many methods have been proposed and the associated theory is now well developed, the relative efficacy of different approaches in finite-sample settings, as encountered in practice, remains incompletely understood. There is therefore a need for empirical investigations in this area that can offer practical insight and guidance to users. In this paper, we present a large-scale comparison of penalized regression methods. We distinguish between three related goals: prediction, variable selection and variable ranking. Our results span more than 2300 data-generating scenarios, including both synthetic and semisynthetic data (real covariates and simulated responses), allowing us to systematically consider the influence of various factors (sample size, dimensionality, sparsity, signal strength and multicollinearity). We consider several widely used approaches (Lasso, Adaptive Lasso, Elastic Net, Ridge Regression, SCAD, the Dantzig Selector and Stability Selection). We find considerable variation in performance between methods. Our results support a “no panacea” view, with no unambiguous winner across all scenarios or goals, even in this restricted setting where all data align well with the assumptions underlying the methods. The study allows us to make some recommendations as to which approaches may be most (or least) suitable given the goal and some data characteristics. Our empirical results complement existing theory and provide a resource to compare methods across a range of scenarios and metrics.
Quantum phases and collective excitations of a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional optical lattice
Creators: name: Martone, Giovanni I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ground state of a spin-orbit-coupled Bose gas in a one-dimensional optical lattice is known to exhibit a mixed regime, where the condensate wave function is given by a superposition of multiple Bloch-wave components, and an unmixed one, in which the atoms occupy a single Bloch state. The unmixed regime features two unpolarized Bloch-wave phases, having quasimomentum at the center or at the edge of the first Brillouin zone, and a polarized Bloch-wave phase at intermediate quasimomenta. By calculating the critical values of the Raman coupling and of the lattice strength at the transitions among the various phases, we show the existence of a tricritical point where the mixed, the polarized and the edge-quasimomentum phases meet, and whose appearance is a consequence of the spin-dependent interaction. Furthermore, we evaluate the excitation spectrum in the unmixed regime and we characterize the behavior of the phonon and the roton modes, pointing out the instabilities occurring when a phase transition is approached.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted manuscript
Optimizing target nodes selection for the control energy of directed complex networks
Creators: name: Chen, Hong
name: Yong, Ee Hou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy needed in controlling a complex network is a problem of practical importance. Recent works have focused on the reduction of control energy either via strategic placement of driver nodes, or by decreasing the cardinality of nodes to be controlled. However, optimizing control energy with respect to target nodes selection has yet been considered. In this work, we propose an iterative method based on Stiefel manifold optimization of selectable target node matrix to reduce control energy. We derive the matrix derivative gradient needed for the search algorithm in a general way, and search for target nodes which result in reduced control energy, assuming that driver nodes placement is fixed. Our findings reveal that the control energy is optimal when the path distances from driver nodes to target nodes are minimized. We corroborate our algorithm with extensive simulations on elementary network topologies, random and scale-free networks, as well as various real networks. The simulation results show that the control energy found using our algorithm outperforms heuristic selection strategies for choosing target nodes by a few orders of magnitude. Our work may be applicable to opinion networks, where one is interested in identifying the optimal group of individuals that the driver nodes can influence.
Multiplicity of closed characteristics on symmetric convex hypersurfaces in $\R^{2n}$
Creators: name: Liu, Chun-gen
name: Long, Yiming
name: Zhu, Chaofeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58F05

description: Let $Σ$ be a compact $C^2$ hypersurface in $\R^{2n}$ bounding a convex set with non-empty interior. In this paper it is proved that there always exist at least $n$ geometrically distinct closed characteristics on $Σ$ if $Σ$ is symmetric with respect to the origin.
description: 16 pages