cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transforming pure and mixed states using an NMR quantum homogeniser
Creators: name: Violaris, Maria
name: Bhole, Gaurav
name: Jones, Jonathan A.
name: Vedral, Vlatko
name: Marletto, Chiara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The universal quantum homogeniser can transform a qubit from any state to any other state with arbitrary accuracy, using only unitary transformations to perform this task. Here we present an implementation of a finite quantum homogeniser using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), with a four-qubit system. We compare the homogenisation of a mixed state to a pure state, and the reverse process. After accounting for the effects of decoherence in the system, we find the experimental results to be consistent with the theoretical symmetry in how the qubit states evolve in the two cases. We analyse the implications of this symmetry by interpreting the homogeniser as a physical implementation of pure state preparation and information scrambling.
A Quantum Optical Spring
Creators: name: Rai, Amit
name: Agarwal, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamics of the quantum optical spring, i.e., a spring whose spring constant undergoes discreet jumps depending on the quantum state of another system. We show the existence of revivals and fractional revivals in the quantum dynamics reminiscent of similar dynamical features in cavity QED. We recover in the semi classical limit the results for an oscillator whose frequency undergoes a sudden change. The quantum optical spring is conceivable for example by a micromirror under the influence of radiation pressure by a field which is strictly quantum. Our work suggests that driven systems would in general exhibit a very different dynamics if the drive is replaced by a quantum source.
description: 5 figures
Effect of drought acclimation on oxidative stress and transcript expression in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Creators: name: Amoah, Joseph Noble
name: Ko, Chan Seop
name: Yoon, Jin Seok
name: Weon, Seo Yong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: The effects of drought acclimation on plant growth and water relations, membrane status, photosynthetic activity, proline content, membrane lipid peroxidation, enzyme antioxidant activity, and drought-responsive gene expression patterns were investigated under progressive drought conditions with drought acclimation (DA) and non-acclimation (NA) treatments in four wheat genotypes. Initial water stressapplied at 10 days after seedling transfer induced acclimation to subsequent water stress (S2), following re-watering. A reversible decline in plant growth and water relations, membrane stability, and photosynthetic activity resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species, membrane injury, enzyme antioxidant activities, and H2O2 and osmolyte accumulation in DA plants. TaWRKY2, TaNAC1, TaMYB2, TabHLH1, and TabZIP1 levels were upregulated to a greater extent in NA than in DA plants, during S2. The results suggest wheat plants employ physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanism under drought improving their ability to survive subsequent water stress in the later period of growth and development.
Super-entropic black hole with Immirzi hair
Creators: name: Boudet, Simon
name: Bombacigno, Flavio
name: Montani, Giovanni
name: Rinaldi, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of f(R) generalizations to the Holst action, endowed with a dynamical Immirzi field, we derive an analytic solution describing asymptotically Anti-de Sitter black holes with hyperbolic horizon. These exhibit a scalar hair of the second kind, which ultimately depends on the Immirzi field radial behaviour. In particular, we show how the Immirzi field modifies the usual entropy law associated to the black hole. We also verify that the Immirzi field boils down to a constant value in the asymptotic region, thus restoring the standard Loop Quantum Gravity picture. We finally prove the violation of the reverse isoperimetric inequality, resulting in the super-entropic nature of the black hole, and we discuss in detail the thermodynamic stability of the solution.
Changes in pathogenesis-related gene expression in response to bioformulations in the apoplast of maize leaves against Fusarium oxysporum
Creators: name: Usmara Riaz Butt
name: Naz, Rabia
name: Nosheen, Asia
name: Humaira Yasmin
name: Rumana Keyani
name: Ishtiaq Hussain
name: Hassan, Muhammad Nadeem
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: In present study, we initially tested four different plant species Aristolochia indica (leaf), Cuscuta pedicellata (stem), Melilotus indicus (leaf) and Tribulus terresteris (leaf and fruit) for their antifungal potential against F. oxysporum. Among the studied plant species, T. terresteris (fruit) and C. pedicellate showed the maximum antifungal potential by 92% and 89%, respectively. We then investigated the potential of CHI, MeJA, and plant extracts (C. pedicellate and T. terristris) alone as well as in combinations in pot experiment. Treatments with the extracts of C. pedicellata and T. terresteris in combination with MeJA resulted in decrease in disease severity by 93% and 89%, respectively, and enhanced the plant growth. We observed significant elevated levels of expression of pathogenesis-related (PR-1) proteins (β-1-3-glucanase, chitinase, phenyl-alanine ammonia lyase (PAL), lipoxygenase, lipid transfer protein and PR protein) and defense enzymes (β-1-3-glucanase, chitinase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and PAL) in the CHI and MeJA in combination with plant extracts-treated plants for defense signaling pathways in the apoplast of maize leaves compared to the inoculated control. We found CHI in combination with C. pedicellata most effectively induced the plant defense mechanisms against F. oxysporum through increased induction in the level of expression of PR-proteins.
Hawking radiation of charged particles as tunneling from Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black holes with a global monopole
Creators: name: Jiang, Qing-Quan
name: Wu, Shuang-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying Parikh's semi-classical tunneling method, we consider Hawking radiation of the charged massive particles as a tunneling process from the Reissner-Nordstrom-de Sitter black hole with a global monopole. The result shows that the tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the radiant spectrum is not a pure thermal one, but is consistent with an underlying unitary theory.
description: 10 pages, no figure, use elsart.cls. Published version in PLB with corrections
Index Insurance, Probabilistic Climate Forecasts, and Production
Creators: name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Osgood, Daniel E.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Osgood, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: basis risk
subject: climate forecast
subject: index insurance
subject: input decisions
subject: insurance
subject: risk management

description: Index insurance and probabilistic seasonal forecasts are becoming available in developing countries to help farmers manage climate risks in production. Although these tools are intimately related, work has not been done to formalize the connections between them. We investigate the relationship between the risk management tools through a model of input choice under uncertainty, forecasts, and insurance. While it is possible for forecasts to undermine insurance, we find that when contracts are appropriately designed, there are important synergies between forecasts, insurance, and effective input use. Used together, these tools overcome barriers preventing the use of imperfect information in production decision making.
Fine Structure of the Isovector Giant Dipole Resonance in $^{142-150}$Nd and $^{152}$Sm
Creators: name: Donaldson, L. M.
name: Carter, J.
name: von Neumann-Cosel, P.
name: Nesterenko, V. O.
name: Neveling, R.
name: Reinhard, P. -G.
name: Usman, I. T.
name: Adsley, P.
name: Bertulani, C. A.
name: Brümmer, J. W.
name: Buthelezi, E. Z.
name: Cooper, G. R. J.
name: Fearick, R. W.
name: Förtsch, S. V.
name: Fujita, H.
name: Fujita, Y.
name: Jingo, M.
name: Kheswa, N. Y.
name: Kleinig, W.
name: Kureba, C. O.
name: Kvasil, J.
name: Latif, M.
name: Li, K. C. W.
name: Mira, J. P.
name: Nemulodi, F.
name: Papka, P.
name: Pellegri, L.
name: Pietralla, N.
name: Ponomarev, V. Yu.
name: Rebeiro, B.
name: Richter, A.
name: Shirikova, N. Yu.
name: Sideras-Haddad, E.
name: Sushkov, A. V.
name: Smit, F. D.
name: Steyn, G. F.
name: Swartz, J. A.
name: Tamii, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Background: Inelastic proton scattering at energies of a few hundred MeV and very-forward angles including $0^\circ$ has been established as a tool to study electric-dipole strength distributions in nuclei. The present work reports a systematic investigation of the chain of stable even-mass Nd isotopes representing a transition from spherical to quadrupole-deformed nuclei. Purpose: Extraction of the equivalent photo-absorption cross sections and analysis of their fine structure in the energy region of the IsoVector Giant Dipole Resonance (IVGDR). Method: Proton inelastic scattering reactions of 200 MeV protons were measured at iThemba LABS in Cape Town, South Africa. The scattering products were momentum-analysed by the K600 magnetic spectrometer positioned at $θ_{\mathrm{Lab}}=0^\circ$. Using dispersion-matching techniques, energy resolutions of $ΔE \approx 40 - 50$ keV were obtained. After subtraction of background and contributions from other multipoles, the spectra were converted to photo-absorption cross sections using the equivalent virtual-photon method. Results: Wavelet-analysis techniques are used to extract characteristic energy scales of the fine structure of the IVGDR from the experimental data. Comparisons with the Quasiparticle-Phonon Model (QPM) and Skyrme Separable Random Phase Approximation (SSRPA) predictions provide insight into the role of different giant resonance damping mechanisms. Conclusions: Fine structure is observed even for the most deformed nuclei studied. Fragmentation of the one particle-one hole ($1p1h$) strength seems to be the main source of fine structure in both spherical and deformed nuclei. Some impact of the spreading due to coupling of the two particle-two hole ($2p2h$) states to the $1p1h$ doorway states is seen in the spherical/transitional nuclei, where calculations beyond the $1p1h$ level are available.
description: 17 pages, 17 figures; Minor changes made such as those clarifying the descriptions of the analysis procedure, but the results are unchanged. The current version was accepted for publication by PRC on 7 December 2020
Behavior of subsistence producers in response to technological change- The elasticity of cassava production and home consumption in Benin
Creators: name: Takeshima, Hiroyuki
name: Takeshima, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: cassava
subject: subsistence
subject: double-hurdle
subject: non-nested test

description: The welfare effects of GM (genetic modification)-led productivity growth for cassava producers are partly affected by the characteristics of individual cassava producing households. Those household characteristics include the elasticity of production and home consumption of cassava. Some studies assume the inelastic home consumption when conducting ex-ante welfare effects analysis for subsistence crops. This study modifies the estimation methods used in the past literature to estimate both elasticities using the dataset from Benin. Several assumptions are also tested regarding the heterogeneity of cassava producers. On estimation of elasticities, the paper tests the hypothesis that on-farm sellers are characteristically different from off-farm sellers by employing the double hurdle model. The findings contribute to the literatures analyzing the distributional effects of welfare effects from GM-led productivity growth for cassava, which are gaining importance in the context of the policy impacts on poverty reduction.
Diffeomorphic Counterfactuals with Generative Models
Creators: name: Dombrowski, Ann-Kathrin
name: Gerken, Jan E.
name: Müller, Klaus-Robert
name: Kessel, Pan
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: counterfactual explanations
subject: explainable artificial intelligence
subject: data manifold
subject: generative models

description: Counterfactuals can explain classification decisions of neural networks in a human interpretable way. We propose a simple but effective method to generate such counterfactuals. More specifically, we perform a suitable diffeomorphic coordinate transformation and then perform gradient ascent in these coordinates to find counterfactuals which are classified with great confidence as a specified target class. We propose two methods to leverage generative models to construct such suitable coordinate systems that are either exactly or approximately diffeomorphic. We analyze the generation process theoretically using Riemannian differential geometry and validate the quality of the generated counterfactuals using various qualitative and quantitative measures.
Pion-pion scattering and the K->3pi decay amplitudes
Creators: name: Cabibbo, Nicola
name: Isidori, Gino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the recently proposed method for the determination of the pi-pi scattering length combination a_{0}-a_{2}, based on the study of the pi0 pi0 spectrum in K+ -> pi+ pi0 pi0. In view of a precision measurement, we discuss here the effects due to smaller absorptive contributions to the K+ -> pi+ pi0 pi0 and K+ -> pi+ pi+ pi- amplitudes. We outline a method of analysis that can lead to a precision determination of a_{0}-a_{2} and is based on very general properties of the S matrix. The discussion of final-state rescattering and cusp effects is also extended to the two K_L -> 3pi coupled channels. Thanks to the present work, the theoretical error on the a_{0}-a_{2} combination extracted from the K+ -> pi+ pi0 pi0 spectrum is reduced to about 5%. A further reduction requires the evaluation of the effects arising from radiative corrections.
description: 32 pages, 6 figures
Pinnularia nelsonii A. C. Pereira & Torgan 2014, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante
name: Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho
name: Melo, Sérgio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Bacillariophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Naviculales
Pinnulariaceae
Pinnularia
Pinnularia nelsonii

description: Pinnularia nelsonii A.C. Pereira & Torgan sp. nov. (Figs 7–12)
Type: — BRAZIL. Amazonas: Tupé Lake 03 o 01'33.5''S, 60 o 15'58.0''W, 16 December 2003, Melo S., plankton, station 1 (holotype HAS slide n o 6493! holotype specimen = Figure 7, row sample HAS 109583; BR 4320! Isotype).
Valves linear with parallel margins, acutely rounded ends, valve length 36–47.5 µm, breadth 11–12.7 µm, length/ breadth ratio 3.27–3.74. Axial area with 1/5 width of valve, slightly widening towards central area. Central area present, generally forming symmetric fascia. Raphe straight, filiform, proximal raphe endings bent in same direction, terminal fissures sickle-shaped. Striae (13–14 in 10 µm) radiate at middle, parallel to slightly convergent at poles (Figs 7–12).
Etymology:— Dedicated to our colleague Dr. Edinaldo Nelson dos Santos-Silva, whose work has improved the quality of life in rural Amazonian populations.
Observations:— P. nelsonii resembles P. acuminata var. interrupta (Cleve) Patrick & Reimer (1966: 623), P. instabiliformis Krammer & Metzeltin in Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (1998: 177) and P. wisconsinensis Camburn & Charles (2000: 29); but there are several features that distinguish P. nelsonii from these species (see table 2). P. acuminata var. interrupta differs by a broader axial area and lower striae density. P. instabiliformis, described by Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot (1998) from Calado Lake in the Amazonian region, also differs from P. nelsonii by the axial area shape, striae pattern and density and by the lateral raphe structure. P. wisconsinensis has a distinct valve length (up to 60 µm), subrostrate ends, oblique raphe and different striation pattern and it has a lower striae number in 10 µm (below to 11).
Pinnularia nelsonii was rarely observed in the plankton, during the low waters with 1.0 m depth, 0.70 m transparency, high temperature (30.7ºC), low pH (4.6) and conductivity (5.70 µS.cm -1).
description: Published as part of Pereira, Andreia Cavalcante, Torgan, Lezilda Carvalho & Melo, Sérgio, 2014, Four new Pinnularia Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta, Pinnulariaceae) species from Amazonian black water (Tupé Lake, Amazonas State, Brazil), pp. 154-168 in Phytotaxa 158 (2) on pages 161-162, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.158.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/5128254
The Global Market for Olive Oil: Actors, Trends, Policies, Prospects and Research Needs.
Creators: name: Anania, Giovanni
name: Pupo D'Andrea, Maria Rosaria
name: Anania, Giovanni
name: Pupo D'Andrea, Maria Rosaria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Relations/Trade

description: Olive oil is possibly the single globally consumed and traded product most closely linked to the Mediterranean; non-Mediterranean countries account for less than 2.5 per cent of world production. The paper addresses recent trends in the olive oil world market and the current structure of trade. With respect to existing analyses, its value added is in the level of detail at which the analysis of current trade is conducted, in particular by considering bilateral olive oil trade flows disaggregated with respect to its quality. The main conclusion reached is that the key factors for the future of the market are developments in demands and in the imperfectly competitive structure of the industry, while supply factors and expected changes in trade policies, although relevant, are likely to play a less important role.
Additional file 1 of ADHD medicine consumption in Europe after COVID-19: catch-up or trend change?
Creators: name: Gimbach, Sophie
name: Vogel, Daniel
name: Fried, Roland
name: Faraone, Stephen V.
name: Banaschewski, Tobias
name: Buitelaar, Jan
name: Döpfner, Manfred
name: Ammer, Richard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Zum 80. Geburtstag von Edmund Schlink
Creators: name: Nēsiōtēs, Nikos A.
name: Ritschl, Dietrich
name: Wischmann, Adolf
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 32 Nr. 2 (1983): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 32, Heft 2
Morphological variability and genetic diversity of wheat genotypes grown on saline soil and identification of new promising molecular markers associated with salinity tolerance
Creators: name: Elshafei, Adel Ahmed
name: Afiah, Samy Abd El-Aziz
name: Al-Doss, Abdullah Abdulaziz
name: Eid Ibrahim Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology

description: Eleven bread wheat genotypes grown at Siwa Oasis and Ashmon, Menofeya Governorate, during the winter season of 2016/2017 were examined for their agronomic traits under salinity stress. Owing to the differences in the salinity levels at the two locations, significant differences were noticed among the tested genotypes for all traits. Lines L2 and L4 showed the highest grain yields, whereas L3 showed the lowest. The most suitable parameters for screening stress-tolerance were tolerance indices and high-yielding potentiality. In this investigation, 33 SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) primers led to the determination of one to three alleles per primer, with an average of 1.36. The use of 31 EST (Expressed Sequence Tag)-SSR markers led to the determination of 38 polymorphic alleles, ranging from one to five, with a mean of 1.23 per locus. A cluster analysis using the SSR and EST-SSR information divided the 11 wheat genotypes into three groups.
Phase Retrieval using Expectation Consistent Signal Recovery Algorithm based on Hypernetwork
Creators: name: Wang, Chang-Jen
name: Wen, Chao-Kai
name: Shang-Ho
name: Tsai
name: Jin, Shi
name: Li, Geoffrey Ye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Phase retrieval (PR) is an important component in modern computational imaging systems. Many algorithms have been developed over the past half-century. Recent advances in deep learning have introduced new possibilities for a robust and fast PR. An emerging technique called deep unfolding provides a systematic connection between conventional model-based iterative algorithms and modern data-based deep learning. Unfolded algorithms, which are powered by data learning, have shown remarkable performance and convergence speed improvement over original algorithms. Despite their potential, most existing unfolded algorithms are strictly confined to a fixed number of iterations when layer-dependent parameters are used. In this study, we develop a novel framework for deep unfolding to overcome existing limitations. Our development is based on an unfolded generalized expectation consistent signal recovery (GEC-SR) algorithm, wherein damping factors are left for data-driven learning. In particular, we introduce a hypernetwork to generate the damping factors for GEC-SR. Instead of learning a set of optimal damping factors directly, the hypernetwork learns how to generate the optimal damping factors according to the clinical settings, thereby ensuring its adaptivity to different scenarios. To enable the hypernetwork to adapt to varying layer numbers, we use a recurrent architecture to develop a dynamic hypernetwork that generates a damping factor that can vary online across layers. We also exploit a self-attention mechanism to enhance the robustness of the hypernetwork. Extensive experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing ones in terms of convergence speed and accuracy and still works well under very harsh settings, even under which many classical PR algorithms are unstable.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted in IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing
SpecTrack: Learned Multi-Rotation Tracking via Speckle Imaging
Creators: name: Chen, Ziyang
name: Doğan, Mustafa Doğa
name: Spjut, Josef
name: Akşit, Kaan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Precision pose detection is increasingly demanded in fields such as personal fabrication, Virtual Reality (VR), and robotics due to its critical role in ensuring accurate positioning information. However, conventional vision-based systems used in these systems often struggle with achieving high precision and accuracy, particularly when dealing with complex environments or fast-moving objects. To address these limitations, we investigate Laser Speckle Imaging (LSI), an emerging optical tracking method that offers promising potential for improving pose estimation accuracy. Specifically, our proposed LSI-Based Tracking (SpecTrack) leverages the captures from a lensless camera and a retro-reflector marker with a coded aperture to achieve multi-axis rotational pose estimation with high precision. Our extensive trials using our in-house built testbed have shown that SpecTrack achieves an accuracy of 0.31° (std=0.43°), significantly outperforming state-of-the-art approaches and improving accuracy up to 200%.
Beyond tokenism : aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management in British Columbia
Creators: name: De Paoli, Maria Luisa
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis provides an analysis of aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management in British Columbia and explores the potential of co-operative arrangements for the development of a more inclusive management regime. The objectives of the thesis are (i) to investigate the role of First Nations in the development of archaeology and archaeological resource management, (ii) to compare aboriginal community-based heritage management initiatives in B.C. with those operating within the Yukon and Northwest Territories and the U.S., (iii) to develop an aboriginal involvement framework to analyze aboriginal participation in archaeological resource management in B.C., and (iv) to assess the opportunities and constraints to increased aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management in B.C. Preliminary chapters outline the historical, legislative, and theoretical contexts for this study. Relevant literature is reviewed to provide a discussion of the development of archaeology and its effects on aboriginal people. The creation of a management ethic for archaeology is presented together with the nature of aboriginal participation in the management process. Secondly, literature pertaining to aboriginal involvement in resource management is surveyed to provide a context for analyzing aboriginal participation in archaeological resource management. From this review an aboriginal involvement framework is developed. Based on the themes discussed in preceding chapters and the proposed framework, six key concepts of aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management are identified to provide structure for an analysis of aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management in B.C. Next, in case study format, the Sto:lo Nation's approach to heritage management is analyzed using the key concepts distilled from the framework. The Sto:lo Nation's experience with managing archaeology is followed by a discussion of the provincial approach to archaeological resource management. The contrasting nature of both the Sto:lo Nation's and the Province's approaches to archaeological resource management is discussed and the difficulties inherent in developing a more inclusive management regime are highlighted. Finally, a set of opportunities and constraints to the development of a co-operative approach to archaeological resource management is outlined. This set is derived both from the events and literature discussed in the previous chapters as well as the results of the case study investigation. A pilot project for the co-operative management of archaeological resources is suggested and the benefits of such an approach are discussed. The thesis closes with the presentation of conditions to facilitate the development of co-operative management of archaeological resources in B.C.
Surface free energy for systems with integrable boundary conditions
Creators: name: Göhmann, Frank
name: Bortz, Michael
name: Frahm, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface free energy is the difference between the free energies for a system with open boundary conditions and the same system with periodic boundary conditions. We use the quantum transfer matrix formalism to express the surface free energy in the thermodynamic limit of systems with integrable boundary conditions as a matrix element of certain projection operators. Specializing to the XXZ spin 1/2 chain we introduce a novel `finite temperature boundary operator' which characterizes the thermodynamical properties of surfaces related to integrable boundary conditions.
description: 17 pages
Bennet-Bowley Measure for Productivity Analysis of Georgia Agriculture
Creators: name: Flanders, Archie
name: White, Fred C.
name: McKissick, John C.
name: Flanders, Archie
name: White, Fred C.
name: McKissick, John C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Productivity Analysis

description: Georgia agricultural production continues on an increasing trend and reached a historical high in 2006. Increases in output have been accompanied by relatively lower levels of input increases. The Tornqvist productivity index indicates an average annual productivity increase of 3.0% during 1960-2006. Productivity increases explain how the Georgia agricultural economy is expanding during a period when farm acreage and the number of farms are declining. An alternative to the Tornqvist productivity index is the Bennet-Bowley productivity indicator. A feature of the Bennet-Bowley indicator is that it is a component of normalized profit change. Profit change can be decomposed into a price change component, as well as a productivity component. Declining output prices relative to input prices during 1960-2006 were not favorable for increased profitability. Results show that Georgia farm profit increased from 1960-2006 due to increased agricultural productivity.
Adversarial Robustness of Supervised Sparse Coding
Creators: name: Sulam, Jeremias
name: Muthukumar, Ramchandran
name: Arora, Raman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Several recent results provide theoretical insights into the phenomena of adversarial examples. Existing results, however, are often limited due to a gap between the simplicity of the models studied and the complexity of those deployed in practice. In this work, we strike a better balance by considering a model that involves learning a representation while at the same time giving a precise generalization bound and a robustness certificate. We focus on the hypothesis class obtained by combining a sparsity-promoting encoder coupled with a linear classifier, and show an interesting interplay between the expressivity and stability of the (supervised) representation map and a notion of margin in the feature space. We bound the robust risk (to $\ell_2$-bounded perturbations) of hypotheses parameterized by dictionaries that achieve a mild encoder gap on training data. Furthermore, we provide a robustness certificate for end-to-end classification. We demonstrate the applicability of our analysis by computing certified accuracy on real data, and compare with other alternatives for certified robustness.
Non-indigenous Species and Preemptive Trade Policy
Creators: name: Lawley, Chad
name: Lawley, Chad
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This paper presents a theoretical model of the enforcement of an SPS standard - border inspections for invasive non-indigenous species - in the presence of both risk-reducing and protectionist motivations. The paper evaluates the impact of political economy and terms of trade motivations on optimal inspection intensity. The response of optimal inspection intensity to the infection rate and predetermined tariff rate is sensitive to the inclusion of these protectionist motivations.
Data Quality Issues in Vulnerability Detection Datasets
Creators: name: Guo, Yuejun
name: Bettaieb, Seifeddine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Vulnerability detection is a crucial yet challenging task to identify potential weaknesses in software for cyber security. Recently, deep learning (DL) has made great progress in automating the detection process. Due to the complex multi-layer structure and a large number of parameters, a DL model requires massive labeled (vulnerable or secure) source code to gain knowledge to effectively distinguish between vulnerable and secure code. In the literature, many datasets have been created to train DL models for this purpose. However, these datasets suffer from several issues that will lead to low detection accuracy of DL models. In this paper, we define three critical issues (i.e., data imbalance, low vulnerability coverage, biased vulnerability distribution) that can significantly affect the model performance and three secondary issues (i.e., errors in source code, mislabeling, noisy historical data) that also affect the performance but can be addressed through a dedicated pre-processing procedure. In addition, we conduct a study of 14 papers along with 54 datasets for vulnerability detection to confirm these defined issues. Furthermore, we discuss good practices to use existing datasets and to create new ones.
description: 2023 IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy Workshops (EuroS&P;PW)
Demonstration of a MOT in a Sub-Millimeter Membrane Hole
Creators: name: Lee, Jongmin
name: Biedermann, Grant
name: Mudrick, John
name: Douglas, Erica A.
name: Jau, Yuan-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the generation of a cold-atom ensemble within a sub-millimeter diameter hole in a transparent membrane, a so-called "membrane MOT". With a sub-Doppler cooling process, the atoms trapped by the membrane MOT are cooled down to 10 uK. The atom number inside the unbridged/bridged membrane hole is about 10^4 to 10^5, and the 1/e^2-diameter of the MOT cloud is about 180 um for a 400 um-diameter membrane hole. Such a membrane device can, in principle, efficiently load cold atoms into the evanescent-field optical trap generated by the suspended membrane waveguide for strong atom-light interaction and provide the capability of sufficient heat dissipation at the waveguide. This represents a key step toward the photonic atom trap integrated platform (ATIP).
description: 11 pages, 5 figures
Ex-ante Policy Assessment from an Institutional Perspective. A Procedure for Institutional Compatibility Assessment (PICA)
Creators: name: Theesfeld, Insa
name: Schleyer, Christian
name: Callois, Jean-Marc
name: Aznar, Olivier
name: Theesfeld, Insa
name: Schleyer, Christian
name: Callois, Jean-Marc
name: Aznar, Olivier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Ex-ante Policy Assessment
subject: Institutional Policy Assessment

description: Ex-ante impact assessment of agricultural, environmental, and rural policies has become an integral part of political decision making processes in the EU. While there is a large variety of agri-environmental modelling tools available to analyse likely social, economic, and environmental impacts of these policies, scientifically well-founded ex-ante policy assessment tools capturing institutional dimensions are still missing. In this paper, we introduce a formalised procedure for modelling – ex-ante – institutional aspects for policy implementation: the ‘Procedure for Institutional Compatibility Assessment’ (PICA). It has recently been developed within the SEAMLESS project as a component of an integrative modelling framework for ex-ante assessment of policy impacts on sustainable development. PICA is based on the assumption that the effectiveness of a policy and the cost-effectiveness of its implementation largely depend on the degree of compatibility between this policy and the institutional context in the respective countries and regions. It has been designed as an explorative and flexible, yet formalised methodology that enables policy makers to identify at an early stage potential institutional incompatibilities. After providing a brief overview of relevant approaches for policy assessment we elaborate on the four distinct steps of PICA and use a core element of the EU Nitrate Directive to illustrate its function.
How to GAN Event Unweighting
Creators: name: Backes, Mathias
name: Butter, Anja
name: Plehn, Tilman
name: Winterhalder, Ramon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Event generation with neural networks has seen significant progress recently. The big open question is still how such new methods will accelerate LHC simulations to the level required by upcoming LHC runs. We target a known bottleneck of standard simulations and show how their unweighting procedure can be improved by generative networks. This can, potentially, lead to a very significant gain in simulation speed.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures
Tunnel field-effect transistors for sensitive terahertz detection
Creators: name: Gayduchenko, Igor
name: Xu, Shuigang
name: Alymov, Georgy
name: Moskotin, Maxim
name: Tretyakov, Ivan
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Goltsman, Gregory
name: Geim, Andre K.
name: Fedorov, Georgy
name: Svintsov, Dmitry
name: Bandurin, Denis A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rectification of electromagnetic waves to direct currents is a crucial process for energy harvesting, beyond-5G wireless communications, ultra-fast science, and observational astronomy. As the radiation frequency is raised to the sub-terahertz (THz) domain, ac-to-dc conversion by conventional electronics becomes challenging and requires alternative rectification protocols. Here we address this challenge by tunnel field-effect transistors made of bilayer graphene (BLG). Taking advantage of BLG's electrically tunable band structure, we create a lateral tunnel junction and couple it to an antenna exposed to THz radiation. The incoming radiation is then down-converted by the tunnel junction nonlinearity, resulting in high-responsivity (> 4 kV/W) and low-noise (0.2 pW/$\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$}) detection. We demonstrate how switching from intraband Ohmic to interband tunneling regime can raise detectors' responsivity by few orders of magnitude, in agreement with the developed theory. Our work demonstrates a potential application of tunnel transistors for THz detection and reveals BLG as a promising platform therefor.
Environmental Cross Compliance - Panacea or Placebo?
Creators: name: Webster, Paul
name: Williams, Nigel
name: Webster, Paul
name: Williams, Nigel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Farm Management

description: Environmental Cross Compliance is one policy by means by which government can seek to influence farmers so that they give greater weight to environmental goods in their decisions. The policy is evaluated from both a theoretical and pragmatic viewpoint and its strengths and weaknesses are discussed. The necessary conditions for the success of environmental cross compliance policies are identified and problems with its implementation are highlighted.
Formation and Controlling of Optical Hopfions in High Harmonic Generation
Creators: name: Lyu, Zijian
name: Fang, Yiqi
name: Liu, Yunquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Toroidal vortex is a kind of novel and exotic structured light with potential applications in photonic topology and quantum information. Here, we present the study on high harmonic generation (HHG) from the interaction of the intense toroidal vortices with atoms. We show that the spatial distribution of harmonic spectra reveal unique structures, which are kinds of high-order topological toroidal vortex because of the rotating of the driving fields with transverse orbital angular momentum. Then we show that, by synthesizing the toroidal vortices and optical vortices with longitudinal orbital angular momentum, it is able to generate the optical hopfions in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) range, which exhibit completely different topological property compared with both the driving fields. Harnessing the spin angular momentum selection rules, we further show that one can control the topological texture and channel each harmonic into a single mode of controllable Hopf invariant.
Temperature Distributions in Asphaltic Concrete Pavements
Creators: name: Southgate, Herbert F.
name: Deen, Robert C.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The straight-line relationship between temperatures at a given depth and the surface temperatures combined with 5-day average air temperatures appears to be as valid for upper New York state and Arizona as for Maryland. The main differences were in the annual ranges and annual mean temperatures. The concept for estimating pavement temperature distributions appears to be valid and may be used with confidence for estimating pavement temperatures at all latitudes and longitudes.
Vocal Tract Length Perturbation for Text-Dependent Speaker Verification with Autoregressive Prediction Coding
Creators: name: Sarkar, Achintya kr.
name: Tan, Zheng-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this letter, we propose a vocal tract length (VTL) perturbation method for text-dependent speaker verification (TD-SV), in which a set of TD-SV systems are trained, one for each VTL factor, and score-level fusion is applied to make a final decision. Next, we explore the bottleneck (BN) feature extracted by training deep neural networks with a self-supervised objective, autoregressive predictive coding (APC), for TD-SV and compare it with the well-studied speaker-discriminant BN feature. The proposed VTL method is then applied to APC and speaker-discriminant BN features. In the end, we combine the VTL perturbation systems trained on MFCC and the two BN features in the score domain. Experiments are performed on the RedDots challenge 2016 database of TD-SV using short utterances with Gaussian mixture model-universal background model and i-vector techniques. Results show the proposed methods significantly outperform the baselines.
description: Copyright (c) 2021 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
title: Pedestrian Accidents in Kentucky:
title: 1972-1973
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Zegeer, Charles V.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Pedestrian accident data in Kentucky were analyzed for 1972 and 1973 on a rural, urban, and statewide basis. Results showed that about 1500 pedestrian accidents occur in Kentucky each year and cost over $11 million. About 30 percent of pedestrian accidents in rural areas and 4 percent in urban areas are fatal. Although about 78 percent of Kentucky's pedestrian accidents occur in urban areas, over 62 percent of the pedestrian fatalities occur in rural areas.  Specific characteristics of pedestrian accidents were identified and related to human, environmental, and time factors. Highway and street improvements and safety programs generally considered to be effective in minimizing pedestrian accidents are summarized.
Grammatical elicitation: Verbal agreement paradigms
Creators: name: Calmo Jerónimo, Brenda
name: Lemon, Tyler
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: mvj

description: Verbs 'eat' and 'carry' in past, present, and future tenses and 'give' in past and present tenses to examine subject agreement
The Effectiveness of School Signs with Flashing Beacons in Reducing Vehicle Speeds
Creators: name: Zegeer, Charles V.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1975
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: A detailed study of signs with flashers in school zones was conducted to determine their effectiveness in reducing the speeds of vehicles during times of pedestrian activity. Field investigations were conducted at all of the 120 flasher locations in Highway Districts 6, 7, and 9. About 14 percent of the flashers were inoperative. Such problems as non-uniform signing, hidden flashers, deteriorating signs and pavement markings, and poor sight distances were also found.  Speed studies were conducted at 48 locations. Average speed reductions were only 3.6 mph (1.6 m/s) during flashing periods. Signs and flashers at high-speed (55-mph (25-m/s)) locations increased the potential for inter-vehicle accidents due to decreased speed uniformity. Crossing guards caused reductions in vehicle speeds to within the 25-mph (11-m/s) limit. Speed enforcement, minimal periods of flashing, good sight distance, and proper maintenance of signs and flashers were shown to improve their effectiveness in reducing speeds.