Leptohyphes andina Molineri, Zuniga & Ramos 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Molineri, Carlos
name: Zúñiga, María del Carmen
name: Ramos, Blanca C.
name: Giraldo, Lina P.
name: Cardona, William
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Ephemeroptera
Leptohyphidae
Leptohyphes
Leptohyphes andina

description: Leptohyphes andina Molineri, Zúñiga & Ramos, sp. nov.
(Figs 1, 4-5, 10-15)
LSIDurn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3FDC332A-ADAD-4E77- 9223-9A0378A398E4
Type material. Holotype ♀mature nymph from COLOMBIA, Risaralda, La Celia, La Argelia farm, creek La Argelia, 05°00’31.2”N, 75°57’18.3”W, 1416 m, 19.II.2011, W. Cardona col. (MUSENUV). Paratypes: 12♀ and 2♂ nymphs, same data as holotype (9 nymphs in MUSENUV, 6 in IBN).
Additional material. Five mature nymphs (4♀, 1♂) and 1♀ immature nymph from COLOMBIA, Valle del Cauca, Ulloa, La Divisa-La Suerte farm, La Divisa-La Suerte creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°21’23”N, 75°43’49”W, 1480 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone, 12.XI.2003, J. Chará, L. P. Giraldo, D. Hincapié, G. Pedraza cols. (MUSENUV); 3 mature nymphs (2♀, 1♂), 2♀ immature nymphs, the same information except microhabitat: silt (MUSENUV); 1♂ mature nymph, the same information except La Azulita farm, La Azulita creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°41’45”N, 75°43’07”W, 1430 m, microhabitat: sandy, 11.XI.2003 (MUSENUV); 1♂ mature nymph, the same information except microhabitat: stream bed stone (MUSENUV); 4 mature nymphs (3♀, 1♂), 3 immature nymphs (1♀, 2♂), the same information except El Recreo II farm, El Recreo II creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°41’46”N, 75°44’04”W, 1418 m, microhabitat: silt, 12.XI.2003 (MUSENUV); 3 mature nymphs (1♀, 2♂), the same information except La Cabaña II farm, La Cabaña II creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°41’36”N, 75°44’09”W, 1430 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone 12.XI.2003 (MUSENUV); 10 mature nymphs (8♀, 2♂), Valle del Cauca, Cartago, El Porvenir II farm, El Porvenir II creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°39’17”N, 75°53’09”W, 1386 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone, 2.XII.2003, J. Chará, L. P. Giraldo, D. Hincapié, G. Pedraza cols. (MUSENUV); 5 mature nymphs (3♀, 2♂), the same information except Canelones-Miravalle farm, Canelones-Miravalle creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°39’15”N, 75°53’07”W, 1366 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone, 2.XII.2003 (MUSENUV); 2♂ mature nymphs, the same information except Tesalia-Dos Quebradas farm, Tesalia-Dos Quebradas creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°39’09”N, 75°55’34”W, 1378 m, microhabitat: aquatic macrophytes, 2.XII.2003 (MUSENUV); 1♂ mature nymph, Valle del Cauca, Alcalá, Pasatiempo farm, Pasatiempo creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°40’39”N, 75°44’16”W, 1360 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone, 10.XII.2010, J. Chará, L. P. Giraldo, D. Hincapié, G. Pedraza cols. (MUSENUV); 4 mature nyphs (3♀, 1♂), the same information except La Frontera farm, La Frontera creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°40’43”N, 75°43’38”W, 1408 m, microhabitat: leaf packs, 10.XII.2003 (MUSENUV); 8 mature nymphs (5♀, 3♂), Risaralda, Santuario, La Gaviota Farm, La Gaviota creek, Mapa river basin, 05°02’39.76”N, 75°59’40.4”W, 638 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone, 12.II.2011, W. Cardona col. (MUSENUV); 19 mature nymphs (13♀, 6♂), Risaralda, La Celia, La Esmeralda farm, San Camilo creek, 05°02’8.5”N, 75°59’46.7”W, 1648 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone, 11.II.2011, W. Cardona col. (MUSENUV); 1♀ mature nymph, the same information except La Pradera farm, La Reina creek, Monos river basin, 04°57’52.7”N, 76°00’7”W, 1480 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone, 15.II.2011 (MUSENUV); 1♀ mature nymph, the same information except La Reina farm, La Reina creek, Monos river basin, 04°57’44.5”N, 76°00’27.2”W, 1585 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone 14.II.2011 (MUSENUV); 2 immature nymphs (1♀, 1♂), the same information except Villa Lux farm, Villa Lux creek, Totui river basin, 05°00’40.6”N, 75°57’42.8”W, 1641 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone 18.II.2011 (MUSENUV); 4 mature nymphs (♀), 5 immature nymphs (3♀, 2♂), the same information except La Florida farm, La Florida creek, río Monos basin, 04°58’6”N, 76°00’7.6”W, 1375 m, microhabitat: stream bed stone 16.II.2011 (MUSENUV); 9 mature nymphs (6♀, 3♂), 4 immature nymphs (1♀, 3♂), Risaralda, Pereira, Santa Cecilia creek, Otún river basin, 04°53’26”N, 75°48’34”W, 950 m, microhabitat: leaf packspools, 12.III.2008, J. Chará, L. P. Giraldo, A. M. Chará-Serna, A. Giraldo cols. (MUSENUV); 8♂ immature nymphs, 1♂ mature nymphs, the same information except microhabitat: leaf packs-riffles (MUSENUV). 16 mature nymphs (11♀, 5♂), 4 immature nymphs (1♀, 3♂), the same information except Cristales creek, Otún river basin, 04°52’43”N, 75°49’28”W, 1057 m, microhabitat: leaf packs-riffles, 11.II.2008 (MUSENUV); 1♀ immature nymph, the same information except La Pedregosa creek, Otún river basin, 04°53’22.9”N, 75°49’16.4”W, 1024 m, microhabitat: leaf pack-pools, 11.II.2008 (MUSENUV); 1♂ mature nymph, 5 immature nymphs (4♀, 1♂) the same information except microhabitat: leaf pack-riffles (MUSENUV); 1♂ mature nymph, 8♂ immature nymphs, the same information except Santa Cecilia creek, Otún river basin, 04°53’26”N, 75°48’34”W, 950 m, microhabitat: leaf pack-riffles, 12.III.2008 (MUSENUV); 6♀ mature nymphs, 4♂ immature nymphs, Quindío, Quimbaya, El Ocaso farm, El Ocaso creek, La Vieja river basin, 03°24’27”N, 76°31’7.2”W, 1526 m, microhabitat: stone, 3.XII.2002, J. Chará, L. P. Giraldo, G. Pedraza cols. (MUSENUV); 6 matures nymphs (4♀, 2♂), 1♂ immature nymph, QuindÍo, La Tebaida, Putumayo farm, Putumayo creek, La Vieja river basin, 04°27’8”N, 75°49’6.8”W, 1100 m, microhabitat: aquatic macrophytes, 28.II.2003, J. Chará, L. P. Giraldo, G. Pedraza, D. Hincapie cols. (MUSENUV).
Diagnosis. 1) tubercles on body absent (Figs 1, 4-5); 2) forefemur length / maximum width 1.8-1.9 (Fig. 14); 3) fore and hind margin of middle and hind femora with strong spine-like setae on elevated sockets (Fig. 13); 4) femoral surface covered by small pale spots; 5) apex of middle and hind femora with inner apical corner more distally projected than the outer corner (arrow in Fig. 13); 6) tarsal claws: 3-4+0 (Fig. 15); 7) pronotum with triangular lateral projection (arrow in Figs 4, 11-12); 8) hind wing pads present in female; 9) gill formula 3/5/5/5/2, gill V with ventral extension on dorsal lamella.
Description. Mature nymph. Length of female (mm): body, 4.8-5.4; hind femur, 1.4-1.5; caudal filaments, 5.5-5.6. Length of male (mm): body, 3.3-3.5; hind femur, 1.0-1.1; caudal filaments, 3.2-3.6. General coloration light brown. Head color pattern: blackish transverse band between compound eyes (extending from posterolateral margins of eyes, then going anteriorly to transverse epicranial suture until the other compound eye, Figs 1, 4, 10), occiput finely shaded with gray forming a net-like pattern. Antennae yellowish white. Thorax (Figs 1, 4, 11, 12): nota brownish with irregular gray and black markings, costal margin of wingbuds blackish (Fig. 1); ventrally paler. Pronotum subrectangular with subtriangular lateral projection (Figs 4, 11, 12). Mesonotum with subtriangular blunt anterolateral projection (Figs 4, 11-12). Hind wing pad present in female. Legs yellowish slightly shaded gray dorsally except mediolongitunidal pale line on femora. Ratios: length fore femur/hind femur (x 100) = 64-65%. Foreleg (Fig. 14): femur ratio length/maximum width 1.8-1.9; transversal row at 0.6 from base to apex; foremargin with small spine-like setae, hind margin with spine-like setae distally to transversal row. Tibia subequal in length to femur with tiny spine-like setae along outer margin (Fig. 14). Tarsus 1/2 the length of tibia with row of setae in inner margin; tarsal claw apically curved with four marginal denticles, without subapical submarginal denticle (Fig. 15). Middle and hind legs (Fig. 13) similar in form and setation, except middle leg smaller; apex of middle and hind femora with inner apical corner more distally projected than the outer corner (arrow in Fig. 13). Hind femur ratio length/maximum width 2.1-2.4; foremargin with double row of spatulate setae, hind margin with 36-42 spatulate setae, dorsal surface with 12-15 small setae along medial axis. Tibia subequal in length to femur, with dorsal ridge, inner and outer margins with long spatulate setae. Tarsus 0.3-0.4 the length of tibia, inner margin with setae, tarsal claw as in foreleg. Abdomen (Figs 1, 5) brownish diffusely shaded with gray; terga III-VII with few spine-like setae on lateral areas; terga II-IX with a pair of blunt spine-like setae submedially (commonly broken off and lost); hind margin of all terga and lateral margins of VII-IX with small spine-like setae; segments III-VI forming lateral flanges; small posterolateral projections present on VI-IX. Gills: operculate gill gray, ventrally with strong and curved “basal spine” and two lamellae; other gills grayish to hyaline. Gill formula 3/5/5/5/2; gill V with small rounded extension on ventro-basal margin, gill VI with larger lamella ventrally projected. Caudal filaments with whorl of spines and setae at joinings.
Adults. Unknown.
Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the Andes.
Distribution (Fig. 28). Colombian Andes (Central and Western Cordillera) in the departments of Quindio, Risaralda and North of Valle del Cauca, from 750 to 1648 masl.
Discussion. The unique combination of characters distinguishing L. andina from other species in the genus is listed in the diagnosis. Some of these characters are shared by other species, as follows: pronotum with triangular lateral projection (also present in L. quimbaya), femora with pale spots (present in L. liniti Wang et al., 1998, L. petersi Allen, 1967, L. murdocki Allen, 1967, L. alleni Brusca, 1971), femora with spine-like setae on fore and hind margins (also present in many species except those mentioned above for the pale spots). The femora (middle and hind) with inner apical corner more projected than the outer is a unique characteristic, not reported before in the genus.
Ecological notes. Nymphs were found mainly in small streams from the middle basin of La Vieja river (departments of Valle del Cauca and Quindío). The area is a human driven ecosystem with coffee and banana plantations, and cattle rising as the main activities. The marginal areas of the streams presented some kind of plant cover, mainly herbs, bushes, and bamboo (Guadua angustifolia Kunth, 1822) or relatively well-preserved secondary forests. These streams varied from 4 to 20 cm in depth, 46 to 606 cm in channel width, and 0.5 to 31 l/s of discharge. Bed substrate is formed by gravel (11%), stones (26.6%) and sand/slime (62.8%). Mean water temperature was 21°C and did not present severe organic loads. Mean ICA-FSN quality index was 60.6 corresponding to good environmental quality (OTT, 1981). Other variables are: mean dissolved oxygen (5.2 mg /l), low biochemical oxygen demand (0.69 mg /l), and variable pH (5.8 to 8.4) indicating an acid-basic stable buffer system (CHARÁ et al., 2009).
description: Published as part of Molineri, Carlos, Zúñiga, María del Carmen, Ramos, Blanca C., Giraldo, Lina P. & Cardona, William, 2016, Three new species of Leptohyphes Eaton (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae) from Colombia, pp. 1-12 in Iheringia, Série Zoologia (e 2016024) (e 2016024) 106 on pages 2-5, DOI: 10.1590/1678-4766e2016024, http://zenodo.org/record/10525492