cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Silicon Feedstock - Factors for Differentiation
Creators: name: Hesse, K.
name: Dornberger, E.
name: Schindlbeck, E.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1062-1065
description: Up to now the availability of silicon feedstock is limiting the photovoltaic industry. The lack of quantity was so dominating that the public attention focused mainly on factors for expansion, like project timelines, access to capital or experience of the companies involved in feedstock expansion. But beside these factors there are a lot more which are important for future competitivness and for the sustainibility of the PV-technologies based on silicon feedstock. What is solar grade silicon? There are quality factors limiting the usability in different
crystallization processes, other factors are influencing the resulting cell performance. The paper highlights these factors which might be neglected in times of desperate need for feedstock material. It will be shown how these factors are taken into account in running and expanding a production of solar-grade polysilicon based on trichlorosilane deposition. Besides this it will refere to alternative production technologies and will give an update on the global solar and semiconductor silicon supply and demand.
A NORMALIZED BOTTLENECK DISTANCE FOR PERSISTENCE DIAGRAMS AND OCTREE SPATIAL PARTITIONING FOR DISCRETE OPTIMAL TRANSPORT
Creators: name: May, Nathan Howard
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022

description: In this work, we address two topics: a normalized bottleneck distance for persistencediagrams, and octree spatial partitioning schemes for discrete optimal transport. In the first part of this work, our focus is the bottleneck distance for persistence diagrams. Persistent homology is a powerful tool in topological data analysis (TDA) [3, 8]. For point-cloud data, persistence diagrams allows us to observe “holes” in data when it is reasonable or advantageous to assume that the data has been sampled from a manifold. On top of this, the bottleneck-distance allows us to compare data sets by directly comparing their persistence diagrams. One potential drawback of this approach for comparing data sets is that point clouds sampled from homeomorphic manifolds can have an arbitrarily large bottleneck distance when there is a large degree of scaling. In the first part of this work, we will look at a possible remediation to this problem via appropriate metric normalization and associated bottleneck distance. We define a new distance between persistence diagrams, termed the normalized bottleneck distance, and study its properties, as well as look at some specific examples from dimension reduction in which the scaled bottleneck may be a better choice in comparing the original and reduced data. In the second part of this work, our focus is octree spatial partitioning for discrete optimal transport. Intuitively, optimal transport seeks to find a transport scheme from one probability distribution to another, that “moves the mass” from one distribution to the other in the most “efficient” manner possible. Finding optimal transport plans can be quite computationally costly, however, especially when the histogram supports are grids in R3. In this work, we propose a coarsening scheme that aims to alleviate computational cost without introducing too much error with respect to the pth Wasserstein distance. We show that under sufficient conditions, optimal transport plans on octree coarsened histograms do approximate the true optimal transports with respect to Wp.
Quantized Faraday and Kerr rotation and axion electrodynamics of a 3D topological insulator
Creators: name: Wu, Liang
name: Salehi, M.
name: Koirala, N.
name: Moon, J.
name: Oh, S.
name: Armitage, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological insulators have been proposed to be best characterized as bulk magnetoelectric materials that show response functions quantized in terms of fundamental physical constants. Here we lower the chemical potential of three-dimensional (3D) Bi$_2$Se$_3$ films to $\sim$ 30 meV above the Dirac point, and probe their low-energy electrodynamic response in the presence of magnetic fields with high-precision time-domain terahertz polarimetry. For fields higher than 5 T, we observed quantized Faraday and Kerr rotations, whereas the DC transport is still semi-classical. A non-trivial Berry phase offset to these values gives evidence for axion electrodynamics and the topological magnetoelectric effect. The time structure used in these measurements allows a direct measure of the fine structure constant based on a topological invariant of a solid-state system.
description: A shortened version has been published in Science. Discussion on AC quantum Hall effect without involving edge states is added
Recent Progress on Multi-Stacked InAs/GaNAs Self-Assembled Quantum Dot Solar Cell
Creators: name: Oshima, R.
name: Takata, A.
name: Shoji, Y.
name: Akahane, K.
name: Okada, Y.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 196-199
description: We investigated the effect of electric field on the carrier collection process in 10 layer-stacked
InAs/GaNAs quantum dot solar cells (QDSCs). The quantum efficiency (QE) measurements were done at various
applied external bias voltage (Vappl) between - 1.6 V (reverse) to + 0.4 V (forward). We found that the applied bias
strongly affects the QE spectral shape for QDSCs. Further, a strong electric field is required to extract the
photocarriers generated in p-GaAs emitter layer across QD region. As a result, a higher ISC = 16.7 mA/cm2 was
achieved for QDSC compared to ISC = 14.6 mA/cm2 for a homojunction GaAs SC, but under a sufficiently strong
electric field of > 20 kV/cm.
Untersuchungen zu zellulären Mechanismen bei ANCA-assoziierten nekrotisierenden Vaskulitiden
Creators: name: Kettritz, Ralph
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Apoptose
subject: Vaskulitis
subject: ANCA
subject: neutrophile Granulozyten
subject: apoptosis
subject: Vasculitis
subject: neutrophils
subject: 610 Medizin
subject: 33 Medizin
subject: YC 1100

description: Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit waren Untersuchungen zu zellulären Mechanismen ANCA-assoziierter systemischer Vaskulitiden. Es wurde dabei zunächst die ANCA-induzierte Aktivierung neutrophiler Granulozyten untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, daß die Quervernetzung der ANCA-Antigene auf der Oberfläche neutrophiler Granulozyten die Generation von Sauerstoffradikalen auslöst. Der zweite Komplex beschäftigte sich mit der Regulation der Apoptose neutrophiler Granulozyten, die einen zentralen Mechanismus für die Auflösung von Entzündungen darstellt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Apoptose neutrophiler Granulozyten durch IL-8 verzögert und durch TNF-alpha akzeleriert wird. Dabei führt die Interaktion mit extrazellulären Matrixsubstanzen wie Fibronektin zu einer weiteren Akzeleration der TNF-alpha-induzierten Apoptose. Die Bedeutung der Tyrosin Phosphorylierung für diesen Prozess wird gezeigt, und Ly-GDI, ein regulatorisches Protein für kleine GTPase-Proteine der Ras-Superfamilie, wurde als ein Substrat der Tyrosin-Kinasen charakterisiert. Letztlich konnten neue Kandidaten-Proteine für die Regulation der Lebensspanne neutrophiler Granulozyten identifiziert werden.
description: Mechanisms of ANCA-associated vasculitis were studied. First, the activation of human neutrophils by ANCA was investigated. The data demonstrate the important role of cross-linking ANCA-antigens by the auto-antibodies on the cell surface for the initiation of a respiratory burst. The second issue was the regulation of neutrophil apoptosis that is central to the resolution of inflammation. These experiments indicate that apoptosis was delayed by IL-8 and accelerated by TNF-alpha. Interaction with extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin resulted in further acceleration of apoptosis. The important role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation was demonstrated, and Ly-GDI, a regulator of GTPase-proteins of the ras-superfamily was characterized. Finally, proteins that may control the life span of neutrophils were identified.
Illuminating the Mechanism for Sub-Bandgap Absorption in Chalcogen Doped Silicon Materials for PV Applications
Creators: name: Newman, B.K.
name: Sullivan, J.T.
name: Winkler, M.T.
name: Sher, M.J.
name: Marcus, M.A.
name: Fakra, S.
name: Smith, M.J.
name: Gradecak, S.
name: Mazur, E.
name: Buonassisi, T.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 236-238
description: We apply the technique of extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy to measure
the chemical state of selenium atoms in highly doped silicon. Coating the surface of crystalline silicon with metallic
selenium and irradiating it with a femtosecond-laser results in high concentrations of selenium (~1020 atoms cm-3) in
the near-surface layer. After laser irradiation, this material demonstrates near unity optical absorption for all
measurable wavelengths (400-2500 nm) including below the fundamental bandgap of elemental Si. Further
annealing results in a decrease of absorption in the infrared portion of the spectrum. We report on the apparent
evolution of the chemical state of the Se atoms as the material is annealed. Comparisons with absorption
measurements suggest a direct correlation of the optical properties and chemical state of Se in highly doped Si,
suggesting that the absorption enhancement is related to the local environment of the dopant.
Polyvalent Verbs
Creators: name: Vogel, Ralf
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät II
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Polyvalenz
subject: Valenz
subject: Argumentstruktur
subject: Subkategorisierung
subject: polyvalence
subject: valence
subject: argument structure
subject: subcategorization
subject: 430 Deutsch
subject: 53 Deutsche Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft
subject: ET 480

description: Polyvalente Verben koennen mit unterschiedlichen Konstituentenmengen kombiniert sein, wobei deren Zahl und Art variieren. In den meisten Grammatikschulen sind Verben zentral fuer syntaktische Gestalt und semantische Interpretation von Saetzen. Sie bestimmen ueber ihre Subkategorisierungsrahmen, wieviele Komplemente welchen Typs im Satz realisiert werden. Daher ist Polyvalenz ein unerwartetes Phaenomen. Eine Diskussion verschiedener Ansaetze der generativen Grammatik ergibt, dass Subkategorisierung fuer die Erklaerung von Polyvalenz ungeeignet ist. Im zweiten Kapitel wird ein Modell fuer die konzeptuell-semantische Interpretation von Verben und Saetzen entwickelt, das dem Rechnung traegt: In Saetzen mit polyvalenten Verben bedingen die Komplemente des Verbs zusammen mit dem Verb die konzeptuell-semantische Interpretation. Die thematische Interpretation wird als inferentieller Prozess angesehen, der keinen Spezialfall allgemeiner konzeptuell-semantischer Interpretationsprozesse darstellt, sondern vielmehr in diese eingebunden ist.
description: Polyvalent verbs can be combined with different sets of complements. The variation concerns both number and type of the complements. In most grammar theoretical frameworks, verbs are of crucial importance for the syntactic structure and semantic interpretation of clauses. They determine via subcategorization frames how many complements of which type are realized. Polyvalence is therefore an unexpected phenomenon. A discussion of several approaches in generative grammar results in the claim that subcategorization is not very useful for the explanation of polyvalence. In the second chapter, a model for the conceptual-semantic interpretation of verbs and clauses is developed that takes polyvalence into account: the conceptual-semantic interpretation of clauses with polyvalent verbs is determined by the verb and complements together. Thematic interpretation is viewed as an inferential process that is embedded within the general conceptual-semantic interpretation processes, not their prerequisite.
Bayesian Principal Component Regression model with spatial effects for forest inventory under small field sample size
Creators: name: Junttila, Virpi
name: Laine, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Remote sensing observations are extensively used for analysis of environmental variables. These variables often exhibit spatial correlation, which has to be accounted for in the calibration models used in predictions, either by direct modelling of the dependencies or by allowing for spatially correlated stochastic effects. Another feature in many remote sensing instruments is that the derived predictor variables are highly correlated, which can lead to unnecessary model over-training and at worst, singularities in the estimates. Both of these affect the prediction accuracy, especially when the training set for model calibration is small. To overcome these modelling challenges, we present a general model calibration procedure for remotely sensed data and apply it to airborne laser scanning data for forest inventory. We use a linear regression model that accounts for multicollinearity in the predictors by principal components and Bayesian regularization. It has a spatial random effect component for the spatial correlations that are not explained by a simple linear model. An efficient Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling scheme is used to account for the uncertainty in all the model parameters. We tested the proposed model against several alternatives and it outperformed the other linear calibration models, especially when there were spatial effects, multicollinearity and the training set size was small.
Practical and Simple Laboratory Experiment to Visualize the Correlation among the Hydraulic Flow Parameters in Pipes
Creators: name: Pizzo, Henrique
name: Lima, Rafaela Lopes Ferreira
name: Resende, Michele Fabri de
name: Cruz, Ana Flávia Ramos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90509 Water Resources Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The article presents the development and execution of a simple practical experience, which aims to help students of a civil engineering course, in a better understanding of the theoretical concepts involved in the topic of head loss in pressurized hydraulic conduits. Initially, a literature review is carried out, regarding the importance of practical classes in student training, laboratory practices, and experiments. Afterwards, the methodology used is presented, through measurement tests and the respective impacts on the flow rate, obtained by varying, one at a time, the length of the pipe, its diameters, and height between the water level in the reservoir and the water outlet point. The flow values varied as initially assumed. Finally, through the Fair-Whipple-Hsiao formula for small diameter plastic tubes, calculated flow values were obtained for each of the situations, and contrasted with the respective measured values. The results were considered satisfactory.
Pachycephala pectoralis subsp. bella Mayr
Creators: name: Pachycephalidae
name: Aegithalidae
name: Remizidae
name: Paridae
name: Sittidae
name: Neosittidae
name: Certhiidae
name: Rhabdornithidae
name: Climacteridae
name: Dicaeidae
name: Pardalotidae
name: Nectariniidae, And
name: Lecroy, Mary
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Passeriformes
Pachycephalidae
Pachycephala

description: Pachycephala pectoralis bella Mayr Pachycephala pectoralis bella Mayr, 1932b: 14 (Vatu vara Island). Now Pachycephala vitiensis bella Mayr, 1932. See Galbraith, 1956: 204, Watling, 2001: 160–161, Dickinson, 2003: 477, and Boles, 2007: 421. HOLOTYPE: AMNH 224036, adult male, collected on Vatu Vara Island, 17.26S, 179.32W (USBGN, 1974), Northern Lau Group, Fiji, on 2 October 1924, by Rollo H. Beck on the Whitney South Sea Expedition (no. 14978). COMMENTS: The AMNH number of the holotype was cited in the original description, and the range of bella given as Vatu Vara. Paratypes are: AMNH 224038 and 252740. Galbraith (1956: 204), Watling (2001: 160– 161), and Boles (2007: 421) considered bella a subspecies of P. pectoralis, but Dickinson (2003: 477) separated the Fijian group of populations as the species P. vitiensis.
description: Published as part of Pachycephalidae, Aegithalidae, Remizidae, Paridae, Sittidae, Neosittidae, Certhiidae, Rhabdornithidae, Climacteridae, Dicaeidae, Pardalotidae, Nectariniidae, And & Lecroy, Mary, 2010, Type Specimens Of Birds In The American Museum Of Natural History Part 8. Passeriformes:, pp. 1-178 in Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2010 (333) on page 37
description: {"references": ["Mayr, E. 1932 b. Birds collected during the Whitney South Sea Expedition. XXI. Notes on thickheads (Pachycephala) from Polynesia. American Museum Novitates 531: 1 - 23.", "Galbraith, I. C. J. 1956. Variation, relationships and evolution in the Pachycephala pectoralis superspecies (Aves, Muscicapidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Zoology 4: 133 - 222, map.", "Watling, D. 2001. A guide to the birds of Fiji and western Polynesia, including American Samoa, Niue, Samoa, Tokelau, Tonga, Tuvalu and Wallis & Futuna. Suva, Fiji: Environmental Consultants, 272 pp.", "Dickinson, E. C. (editor). 2003. The Howard & Moore complete checklist of the birds of the world. 3 rd ed. London: Christopher Helm, 1039 pp.", "Boles, W. E. 2007. Family Pachycephalidae. In: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and D. A. Christie (editors), Handbook of birds of the world, volume 12: 374 - 437. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 816 pp., 56 pls, 436 photographs."]}
Developing Large and Efficient Fluorescent Concentrator Systems
Creators: name: Goldschmidt, J.C.
name: Peters, M.
name: Dimroth, F.
name: Bett, A.W.
name: Steidl, L.
name: Zentel, R.
name: Hermle, M.
name: Glunz, S.W.
name: Willeke, G.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 207-212
description: In this paper different concepts to increase the efficiency of fluorescent concentrator systems are
investigated. First, the combination of different fluorescent concentrator materials with spectrally matched solar cells
is investigated. This approach leads to very high efficiencies up to 6.9%. Second, different photonic structures are
investigated that reduce the escape cone losses of the fluorescent concentrators. These include multi-layer systems
and three dimensional photonic structures.
Comparing the MARTINI and CUJET models for jet-quenching: Medium modification of jets and jet substructure
Creators: name: Shi, Shuzhe
name: Yazdi, Rouzbeh Modarresi
name: Gale, Charles
name: Jeon, Sangyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jets produced by the initial hard scattering in heavy ion collision events lose energy due to interactions with the color-deconfined medium formed around them: the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Jet-medium interactions constitute an important theoretical and experimental field for studies of QGP, and various models with different assumptions have been proposed to describe them. A fair and direct comparison of these models requires that all other aspects of the simulation be fixed, which is achieved in this work by relying on the JETSCAPE framework. We employ JETSCAPE to directly and comprehensively compare two successful energy loss models: CUJET and MARTINI. We compare the models with the results of measurements of jet spectra and substructure observables. With the strong coupling tuned separately, we find that the two models broadly agree with each other in nuclear modification factors for charged hadrons and jets with cone size $R=0.4$. Systematic differences are reported in fragmentation functions, jet shape, and cone size dependent jet $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$.
description: Fixed typos, figure added. Matches published version
Practical and Simple Laboratory Experiment to Visualize the Correlation among the Hydraulic Flow Parameters in Pipes
Creators: name: Pizzo, Henrique
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 90509 Water Resources Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: The article presents the development and execution of a simple practical experience, which aims to help students of a civil engineering course, in a better understanding of the theoretical concepts involved in the topic of head loss in pressurized hydraulic conduits. Initially, a literature review is carried out, regarding the importance of practical classes in student training, laboratory practices, and experiments. Afterwards, the methodology used is presented, through measurement tests and the respective impacts on the flow rate, obtained by varying, one at a time, the length of the pipe, its diameters, and height between the water level in the reservoir and the water outlet point. The flow values varied as initially assumed. Finally, through the Fair-Whipple-Hsiao formula for small diameter plastic tubes, calculated flow values were obtained for each of the situations, and contrasted with the respective measured values. The results were considered satisfactory.
MEASUREMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM COMPOSTING
Creators: name: Khosravi, Neda
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022

description: The composting process is known to emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH3), and greenhouse gases (GHG) such as CH4 and N2O. VOCs can cause odor and act as precursors for photochemical ozone and PM2.5. Estimation of correct VOC and GG emission factors (EFs) allows air quality managers to implement applicable regulations and evaluate appropriate emission control technology. In this study, emissions monitoring was conducted using a 100-gallon tank filled with ~ 400 lbs of compost feedstock consisting primarily of solid manure waste from a diary. Tanks were positively aerated. Four experiments were conducted where GHG and VOC emissions were continuously measured. VOCs were measured using proton transfer mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Discrete canister sampling was also done, and VOCs were analyzed by GC-MS. Continuous measurements clarified that compounds such as alcohols and monoterpenes have the largest emission rates during the first days of composting. Monoterpenes, acetone, 2-butanone, methanol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, acetic acid, and formic acid were identified as the most abundant VOCs emitted. Total VOC emission factors (EF) were ~ 0.007 lbs/wet ton compost for three trials and 0.033 lbs/wet ton for one trial with a higher initial moisture level. These rates are significantly lower than emission factors of ~3.5 lbs VOC/ wet ton reported from green waste composting. The estimated emission factor for CH4 was in the range of 0.0005 to 0.009 MT CO2e / wet ton for three trials and 0.003 MT CO2e / wet ton for the tank with a higher initial moisture level. EFs for N2O varied in the range of 0.002 to 0.008 MT CO2e / wet ton and increased about 10 times, to 0.02 MT CO2e / wet ton. Emission rates of GGs are much lower than those reported by IPCC; 0.091 MT CO2e/ton for CH4 and 0.081 MT CO2e/ton for N2O. Lower emission factors of VOCs and greenhouse gases obtained in 5 trials of in-vessel composting is likely due to the role of the well-designed forced aeration system.
Development of a test in German language to assess middle school students' physics proficiency
Creators: name: Feser, Markus Sebastian
name: Höttecke, Dietmar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This short contribution reports the development of a test for assessing middle school students' physics proficiency via multiple-choice single-select items in German language. The test assesses students' content and procedural knowledge across various content areas that are typical of physics education at the middle-school level and is based on adapted items developed within the Third International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). We report the study design we used to develop this test, as well as the results and selected parameters regarding the test's psychometric quality.
Innovative Crystallisation of Multi-Crystalline Silicon Ingots from Different Types of Silicon Feedstock
Creators: name: Kraiem, J.
name: Einhaus, R.
name: Lissalde, F.
name: Dubois, S.
name: Enjalbert, N.
name: Drevet, B.
name: Servant, F.
name: Camel, D.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Silicon Feedstock, Crystallisation and Wafering

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1071-1074
description: Solar Grade Silicon obtained by purification of metallurgical grade Silicon becomes an important source of Silicon feedstock for the crystalline Silicon based PV industry. This paper presents a new process and furnace for the crystallization of multi-crystalline Silicon ingot, using purified metallurgical grade Silicon as feedstock. In particular, the influence of the remaining dopant concentrations, such as Boron and Phosphorous, in purified metallurgical Silicon on the electrical characteristics of the obtained ingots, wafers and solar cells are discussed. Indications have been found that compensation of n-type and p-type dopants can lead to an improved
minority carrier diffusion length, improving the overall efficiencies of solar cells: Efficiencies of 14 % have been obtained on ingots that were grown from feedstock with relatively high concentrations of Boron (2.5x1017 cm-3) and
Phosphorous (3.5x1017 cm-3) respectively. Although the feedstock is n-type due to the higher concentration of Phosphorous, the ingot showed a p-type polarity with a resistivity of 0.5 Ohm-cm over 75% of its height starting
from the bottom, which is due to a more effective segregation of Phosphorous. This also leads to an accumulation of Phosphorous atoms in the top region of the ingot, which turns n-type again and a transition region of high compensation.
Hot Carrier Solar Cell Absorbers
Creators: name: Conibeer, G.
name: Patterson, R.
name: Aliberti, P.
name: Huang, L.
name: Guillemoles, J.-F.
name: König, D.
name: Shrestha, S.
name: Clady, R.
name: Tayebjee, M.
name: Schmidt, T.
name: Green, M.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: Advanced Photovoltaics
New Materials, Cells and Modules

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 178-186
description: An important property of a ‘Hot Carrier cell’ is to slow the rate of carrier cooling to allow hot carriers
to be extracted and do useful work in the external circuit. Photo-generated hot carriers cool by emitting optical
phonons which further decay into acoustic phonons by the Klemens mechanism. Inhibition of this Klemens’ decay
can slow carrier cooling rates and this can be achieved if the energy of the acoustic phonons emitted is blocked in the
phonon dispersion of an absorber material.
III-V bulk materials with a large anion:cation mass ratio have a large gap between acoustic and optical modes
sufficient to block this Klemens’ decay. InN, GaN, InP, BBi and BSb should have such large “phononic band gaps”,
but only InN, BBi and InP have electronic band gaps narrow enough to absorb a reasonable fraction of the solar
spectrum. Time resolved photoluminescence data are presented supporting the suppression of Klemens’ decay in InP
as compared to GaAs, which has no phonon band gap but a similar electronic band gap.
In principle similar gaps in the phonon dispersion open up in quantum dot nanostructures through Bragg
reflection. 1D modelling data on Group IV alloys are presented which indicate such mini-gaps large enough to block
Klemens’ decay, at least in very small QD superlattices. However these mini-gaps are significantly reduced in 3D
modelled nanostructures. It is not yet possible to model the larger mass difference Group IV alloys, but ‘model’ QD
superlattice structures, modelled in 3D, with large mass differences do indicate large mini-gaps across all of
reciprocal space sufficient to block Klemens’ decay. The potential of some of these structures to also block the next
most likely mechanism, Ridely decay, is also discussed and some suggestions are made for the potential to fabricate
some of these structures.
Waring loci and the Strassen conjecture
Creators: name: Carlini, Enrico
name: Catalisano, Maria Virginia
name: Oneto, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The Waring locus of a form F is the collection of the degree one forms appearing in some minimal sum of powers decomposition of F. In this paper, we give a complete description of Waring loci for several family of forms, such as quadrics, monomials, binary forms and plane cubics. We also introduce a Waring loci version of Strassen's Conjecture, which implies the original conjecture, and we prove it in many cases.
description: minor modifications in the expositions; Proposition 3.8 rephrased; proof of Theorem 5.1 corrected
title: When Love Hurts
title: A Qualitative Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence in Law and Order: Special Victims Unit
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Miller, Mary E
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Intimate Partner Violence
Law and Order: Special victims unit
Media portrayal
symbolic reality

description: Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a pervasive problem within our society, impacting approximately one in four women and one in ten men (CDC, n.d.). Furthermore, media portrayal has been found to influence the public understanding of IPV. Thus, it is critical to examine the symbolic reality created through media since it can impact viewers ability to identify IPV and influence help-seeking behaviors. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine the portrayal of IPV within the popular, long-running crime drama Law and Order: Special Victims Unit (SVU), mainly to determine the symbolic reality created and reinforced through this depiction. The sample (n=54) was identified through an original content analysis of the first 21 seasons of SVU; transcripts were then verified for accuracy and reviewed, and finally studied through thematic narrative analysis, storyline graphs, hybrid comparative analysis, and a content analysis. SVU depicted physical violence perpetrated by white men against white female intimate partners. SVU was found to depict five reoccurring storylines within the episodes that portrayed IPV. Of those five reoccurring storylines, only two were reflective of IPV (n=21). “Rhythm of violence” storylines depicted the most typical cases of IPV, and “love and terror” resulted in more extreme violence, including death. The remaining three storylines contained few distinguishing features of IPV besides the intimate partner relationship between the victim and offender (n=33). “Abuse of the peculiar kind” and involved convoluted storylines between intimate partners and containing hitmen or serial killers. “Crimes of passion” depicted single acts of extreme violence against an intimate partner without any cycle of violence. “Love, lies, and deceit” told storylines of crimes committed to frame a victim’s injury on their intimate partner. Throughout the first 21 seasons, storylines that depicted the most “accurate” IPV became less reflective of “true” IPV. However, SVU’s portrayal improved through an increased portrayal of a cycle of violence, varied types of abuse, and decreased portrayal of intimate partner homicide. Finally, in the six ‘ripped from the headline’ cases, minority individuals were being utilized to perpetuate several harmful myths, particularly Black Erasure, and holding Black female victims accountable for their victimization.
Large Area and Screen Printed N-Type Silicon Solar Cells With Efficiency Exceeding 18%
Creators: name: Mihailetchi, V.D.
name: Coletti, G.
name: Komatsu, Y.
name: Geerligs, L.J.
name: Kvande, R.
name: Arnberg, L.
name: Wambach, K.
name: Knopf, C.
name: Kopecek, R.
name: Weeber, A.W.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1036-1039
description: There is currently much interest in n-type base solar cells because of potential advantages, both of silicon base material and of cell process, for high efficiency. We present results of n-base solar cells on large area multicrystalline and monocrystalline silicon wafers, produced using simultaneous diffusion of phosphorus back surface field and boron emitter, screen-printed metallization and firing through. The cell process leads to record high efficiencies of 16.4% on
multicrystalline and 18.3% on monocrystalline wafers. It is experimentally demonstrated that in multi-crystalline Si a low resistivity is correlated to reduced cell efficiency, with the optimum base resistivity lying between 1.5 and 4 cm. By characterizing and modeling cells from monocrystalline Si, from nominally clean multicrystalline Si, as well as from intentionally Fe-contaminated multicrystalline
Si, the impact of purity on emitter recombination is investigated in more detail.
Staggering antiferromagnetic domain wall velocity in a staggered spin-orbit field
Creators: name: Gomonay, O.
name: Jungwirth, T.
name: Sinova, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the possibility to drive an antiferromagnet domain-wall at high velocities by field-like Néel spin-orbit torques. Such torques arise from current-induced local fields that alternate their orientation on each sub-lattice of the antiferromagnet and whose orientation depend primarily on the current direction, giving them their field-like character. The domain-wall velocities that can be achieved by this mechanism are two orders of magnitude greater than the ones in ferromagnets. This arises from the efficiency of the staggered spin-orbit fields to couple to the order parameter and from the exchange-enhanced phenomena in antiferromagnetic texture dynamics, which leads to a low domain-wall effective mass and the absence of a Walker break-down limit. In addition, because of its nature, the staggered spin-orbit field can lift the degeneracy between two 180$^\circ$ rotated states in a collinear antiferromagnet and provides a force that can move such walls and control the switching of the states.
description: 9 pages, Supplementary materials included
Mechanism of dynamical phase transitions: The complex-time survival amplitude
Creators: name: Corps, Ángel L.
name: Stránský, Pavel
name: Cejnar, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical phase transitions are defined through non-analyticities of the survival probability of an out-of-equilibrium time-evolving state at certain critical times. They ensue from zeros of the corresponding survival amplitude. By extending the time variable onto the complex domain, we formulate the complex-time survival amplitude. The complex zeros of this quantity near the time axis correspond, in the infinite-size limit, to non-analytical points where the survival probability abruptly vanishes. Our results are numerically exemplified in the fully-connected transverse-field Ising model, which displays a symmetry-broken phase delimited by an excited-state quantum phase transition. A detailed study of the behavior of the complex-time survival amplitude when the characteristics of the out-of-equilibrium protocol changes is presented. The influence of the excited-state quantum phase transition is also put into context.
description: 12+ pages, 9 figures, added comments
О предмете социальной психологии
Creators: name: Сухов Анатолий Николаевич
Publisher: name: Психопедагогика в правоохранительных органах
Year: 2020
Subjects: социально-психологические явления; социальный конструкционизм; культурно-историческая психология; норма; деформация

description: Введение. Значимость разработки социально-психологической теории определяется важностью перспектив ее дальнейшего практического применения в различных сферах социальных отношений. Материалы, результаты и обсуждение. Раскрываются основные этапы развития социальной психологии, рассматриваются различные теоретические подходы к пониманию ее предмета. Эффективность практического применения социальной психологии определяется профессиональным уровнем ее концептуального и инструментального аппарата, степенью разработанности ее важнейших теоретических проблем. Выводы. Социальная психология помогает повышать уровень конфликтологической и антикризисной переговорной компетентности специалистов в целях предотвращения массовых эксцессов и террористических актов. Социально-психологическая теория позволяет также совершенно по-иному взглянуть на природу модернизации общества и выявить его потенциальные возможности.
Use of Photovoltaics in Historical Buildings: An Architectural Approach
Creators: name: Scognamiglio, A.
name: Di Munno, E.
name: Temporin, V.
name: Palumbo, M.L.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2009
Subjects: PV Systems
PV and Architecture

description: 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 3922-3930
description: The attention of the public for energy conservation is influencing the field of Architecture, and
implies a new regard to the energy consumption of existing buildings, too. As a consequence, in historical cities,
architects are asked to re-design buildings in order to improve their performance. For this re-design, very often, new
energy production technologies might be used, and Photovoltaics is eminently suitable for this use. Nevertheless,
despite its potentialities, and despite much research carried out in the past years, many barriers to the use of
Photovoltaics in historical buildings still exist. As a result, its use is quite limited. Its use is still a big challenge for
architects and the public also sees it with suspicious. This paper represents a contribute to the need of a better
understanding of this condition, and tries to construct a new perspective from which “Photovoltaics” and “historical
buildings” are no longer a striking matching. The proposal of the paper is an architectural approach, which considers
the energy issues and also the need for a new Aesthetics taking into account the energy performance of buildings. The
aim of the paper is stimulating a wider discussion involving architects, the public, and researchers.
Short-Interval Averages of Sums of Fourier Coefficients of Cusp Forms
Creators: name: Hulse, Thomas A.
name: Kuan, Chan Ieong
name: Lowry-Duda, David
name: Walker, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F30

description: Let $f$ be a weight $k$ holomorphic cusp form of level one, and let $S_f(n)$ denote the sum of the first $n$ Fourier coefficients of $f$. In analogy with Dirichlet's divisor problem, it is conjectured that $S_f(X) \ll X^{\frac{k-1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + ε}$. Understanding and bounding $S_f(X)$ has been a very active area of research. The current best bound for individual $S_f(X)$ is $S_f(X) \ll X^{\frac{k-1}{2} + \frac{1}{3}} (\log X)^{-0.1185}$ from Wu. Chandrasekharan and Narasimhan showed that the Classical Conjecture for $S_f(X)$ holds on average over intervals of length $X$. Jutila improved this result to show that the Classical Conjecture for $S_f(X)$ holds on average over short intervals of length $X^{\frac{3}{4} + ε}$. Building on the results and analytic information about $\sum \lvert S_f(n) \rvert^2 n^{-(s + k - 1)}$ from our recent work, we further improve these results to show that the Classical Conjecture for $S_f(X)$ holds on average over short intervals of length $X^{\frac{2}{3}}(\log X)^{\frac{1}{6}}$.
description: To Appear in the Journal of Number Theory
The Starfire Project: Towards In-Line Mass Production of Thin High Efficiency Back-Contacted Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
Creators: name: Van Den Donker, M.N.
name: Wijnen, P.
name: Krantz, S.
name: Siarheyeve, V.
name: Janßen, L.
name: Fleuster, M.
name: Romijn, I.
name: Mewe, A.A.
name: Lamers, M.W.P.E.
name: Stassen, A.
name: Bende, E.
name: Weeber, A.W.
name: Van Eijk, P.
name: Kerp, H.
name: Albertsen, K.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1048-1050
description: In the StarFire project, the partners ECN, Ferro and Solland develop several breakthrough technologies with the goal of realizing of 17% average cell efficiency on 150 mm thin wafers in combination with in-line cell processing and back-contacted cell and module technology. In this contribution the first prototype cells are presented, the status of the project is discussed and the road towards mass production is drawn.
A finite alternation result for reversible boolean circuits
Creators: name: Selinger, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We say that a reversible boolean function on n bits has alternation depth d if it can be written as the sequential composition of d reversible boolean functions, each of which acts only on the top n-1 bits or on the bottom n-1 bits. Moreover, if the functions on n-1 bits are even, we speak of even alternation depth. We show that every even reversible boolean function of n >= 4 bits has alternation depth at most 9 and even alternation depth at most 13.
description: 19 pages. An earlier version of this paper appeared in Reversible Computation 2016. v2: added even alternation depth. v3: minor typos fixed
Understanding the Lifetime Evolution in N-Type Multicrystalline Silicon During Phosphorus Gettering and Hydrogenation
Creators: name: Ulzhöfer, C.
name: Wolpensinger, B.
name: Schmidt, J.
Publisher: name: WIP-Munich
Year: 2008
Subjects: Wafer-Based Silicon Solar Cells and Materials Technology
Mono- and Multicrystalline Silicon Cells and Materials, Processing Technology of

description: 23rd European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, 1-5 September 2008, Valencia, Spain; 1051-1056
description: Phosphorus-doped n-type multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) is frequently considered to be an alternative material compared to boron-doped p-type mc-Si which holds the biggest fraction of base materials in today’s worldwide
photovoltaic market. In this paper, we describe the lifetime evolution of n-type mc-Si during different processes, such as phosphorus diffusion and hydrogenation, by means of spatially resolved microwave-detected photoconductance decay lifetime measurements. In addition, the total metal concentrations in particular regions of the wafers are examined by an advanced vapour phase decomposition total reflection x-ray fluorescence (VPDTXRF) method. The measured lifetimes correlate well with the total metal concentrations. After an optimized gettering and hydrogenation step, area-averaged lifetimes up to 900 μs are measured on the n-type mc-Si wafers with
a resistivity of 4 Ωcm.
Explicit contraction rates for a class of degenerate and infinite-dimensional diffusions
Creators: name: Zimmer, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60H10, 60J25, 34F05

description: Given a separable and real Hilbert space $\mathbb{H}$ and a trace-class, symmetric and non-negative operator $\mathcal{G}:\mathbb{H}\rightarrow\mathbb{H}$, we examine the equation \begin{align*} dX_t = -X_t\, dt + b(X_t) \, dt + \sqrt{2} \, dW_t, \qquad X_0=x\in\mathbb{H}, \end{align*} where $(W_t)$ is a $\mathcal{G}$-Wiener process on $\mathbb{H}$ and $b:\mathbb{H}\rightarrow\mathbb{H}$ is Lipschitz. We assume there is a splitting of $\mathbb{H}$ into a finite-dimensional space $\mathbb{H}^l$ and its orthogonal complement $\mathbb{H}^h$ such that $\mathcal{G}$ is strictly positive definite on $\mathbb{H}^l$ and the non-linearity $b$ admits a contraction property on $\mathbb{H}^h$. Assuming a geometric drift condition, we derive a Kantorovich ($L^1$ Wasserstein) contraction with an explicit rate for the corresponding Markov kernels. The estimates for the rate are based on the eigenvalues of $\mathcal{G}$ on the space $\mathbb{H}^l$, a Lipschitz bound on $b$ and a geometric drift condition. The results are derived using coupling methods.
description: To be published in 'Stoch PDE: Anal Comp'. The final publication is available at http://link.springer.com
Mechanism of delocalisation-enhanced exciton transport in disordered organic semiconductors
Creators: name: Balzer, Daniel
name: Kassal, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Large exciton diffusion lengths generally improve the performance of organic semiconductor devices, since they enable energy to be transported farther during the exciton lifetime. However, the physics of exciton motion in disordered organic materials is not fully understood, and modelling the transport of quantum-mechanically delocalised excitons in disordered organic semiconductors is a computational challenge. Here, we describe delocalised kinetic Monte Carlo (dKMC), the first model of three-dimensional exciton transport in organic semiconductors that includes delocalisation, disorder, and polaron formation. We find that delocalisation can dramatically increase exciton transport; for example, delocalisation across less than two molecules in each direction can increase the exciton diffusion coefficient by over an order of magnitude. The mechanism for the enhancement is twofold: delocalisation enables excitons both to hop more frequently and further in each hop. We also quantify the effect of transient delocalisation (short-lived periods where excitons become highly delocalised), and show it depends strongly on the disorder and the transition dipole moments.