cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A study of Feshbach resonances and the unitary limit in a model of strongly correlated nucleons
Creators: name: Mekjian, Aram Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A model of strongly interacting and correlated hadrons is developed. The interaction used contains a long range attraction and short range repulsive hard core. Using this interaction and various limiting situations of it, a study of the effect of bound states and Feshbach resonances is given. The limiting situations are a pure square well interaction, a delta-shell potential and a pure hard core potential. The limit of a pure hard core potential are compared with results for a spinless Bose and Fermi gas. The limit of many partial waves for a pure hard core interaction is also considered and result in expressions involving the hard core volume. This feature arises from a scaling relation similar to that for hard sphere scattering with diffractive corrections. The role of underlying isospin symmetries associated with the strong interaction of protons and neutrons in this two component model is investigated. Properties are studied with varying proton fraction. An analytic expression for the Beth Uhlenbeck continuum integral is developed which closely approximates exact results based on the potential model considered. An analysis of features associated with a unitary limit is given. In the unitary limit of very large scattering length, the ratio of effective range to thermal wavelength appears as a limiting scale. Thermodynamic quantities such as the entropy and compressibility are also developed. The effective range corrections to the entropy vary as the cube of this ratio for low temperatures and are therefore considerably reduced compared to the corrections to the interaction energy which varies linearly with this ratio. Effective range corrections to the compressibility are also linear in the ratio.
description: 39 pages, 15 figures, 2 tables
Influence of surface characteristics on pool boiling heat transfer
Creators: name: Xia, Yakang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Pool boiling is a promising solution for meeting the heat dissipation requirements in high-heat-flux applications such as supercomputers, nuclear reactors, and laser generators. Surface characteristics greatly influence boiling heat transfer, which makes it crucial to understand their impact for enhanced heat transfer surface design. However, certain aspects of pool boiling, especially bubble behaviors and heat transfer with wettability contrast remain unclear. This thesis investigates the influence of surface wettability, textures, and orientation on pool boiling heat transfer using water as the working fluid. The research includes five steps. Firstly, thin-film heaters are fabricated to enable precise temperature measurements with an infrared camera. Microstructures are created on the boiling surface using laser ablation. Together with silanization grafting, different surfaces ranging from super-hydrophilic to super-hydrophobic are produced. Secondly, experimental studies are conducted focusing on observing injected air bubble formation and motion behaviors to understand the effects of surface wettability. Results demonstrate that surface wettability significantly influences bubble size and departure frequency, and bubbles spread to the super-hydrophobic region due to wettability contrast. Thirdly, pool boiling tests on different wetting surfaces show differences in bubble formation and departure. Nucleate boiling curves indicate that the heat transfer coefficient and critical heat flux generally increase as surface wettability transitions from super-hydrophobic to super-hydrophilic. The quantitative assessment of surface effects using surface-fluid factor confirms higher values for super-hydrophobic surfaces. For hydrophilic surfaces, the effect remains relatively constant over the nucleate boiling range, while hydrophobic surfaces show dependency on heat flux. These findings are consistent with boiling tests on a biphilic surface comprising super-hydrophobic and super-hydrophilic regions. Fourthly, a biphilic surface is designed to enable vapor bubbles to move on the surface, resulting in enhanced heat transfer compared to a super-hydrophilic surface. The driving force responsible for the directional spontaneous bubble movement on the surface is analyzed. Furthermore, investigating the influence of surface inclination angle reveals better heat transfer performance in vertical pool boiling. This study not only elucidates the influence of surface wettability on bubble behaviors and heat transfer but also provides valuable insights for understanding and optimizing the surface design to enhance boiling heat transfer.
Collinear Laser Spectroscopy of $2\,{}^3\!S_1 \rightarrow 2\,{}^3\!P_{\!J}$ transitions in helium-like $^{12}\mathrm{C}^{4+}$
Creators: name: Imgram, Phillip
name: König, Kristian
name: Maaß, Bernhard
name: Müller, Patrick
name: Nörtershäuser, Wilfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition frequencies and fine-structure splittings of the $2\,{}^3\!S_1 \rightarrow 2\,{}^3\!P_{\!J}$ transitions in helium-like $^{12}\mathrm{C}^{4+}$ were measured by collinear laser spectroscopy on a 1-ppb level. Accuracy is increased by more than three orders of magnitude with respect to previous measurements, enabling tests of recent non-relativistic QED calculations including terms up to $mα^7$. Deviations between the theoretical and experimental values are within theoretical uncertainties and are ascribed to $mα^8$ and higher-order contributions in the series expansion of the NR-QED calculations. Finally, prospects for an all-optical charge radius determination of light isotopes are evaluated.
Protecting the Public in Public-Private Partnerships
Creators: name: Hogan, Kelsey
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2014

description: State and local government face ever-growing costs in order to provide adequate services, facilities, and infrastructure for their citizens, but traditional means of financing the provision and maintenance of public services is no longer adequate to cover expenses. Concession contracts—a type of public-private partnership whereby governments lease infrastructure assets to private entities, generally in return for large, up-front payments—have been proposed as a potential, innovative solution. The few concession contracts that have been implemented, however, have generated considerable controversy. The biggest concern is that these concessions—which can last upwards of seventy-five years—sacrifice long-term public interest for short-term economic gain. This Note seeks to evaluate the legal strategies available to governments to ensure that governments who enter into concession contracts are able to adapt to changing circumstances throughout the course of the lease. This Note proposes several strategies that governments can implement through structural, regulatory, and contractual channels in order to maximize long-term adaptability and ensure that public interest is not subordinated to private economic gain. The author would like to thank Professor Michael Heller for his guidance and comments, as well as the editorial staff of the Columbia Business Law Review for its help in preparing this Note for publication.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2014 No. 2
Direct atomic layer deposition of ultra-thin $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and $HfO_{2}$ films on gold-supported monolayer $MoS_{2}$
Creators: name: Schilirò, E.
name: Panasci, S. E.
name: Mio, A. M.
name: Nicotra, G.
name: Agnello, S.
name: Pecz, B.
name: Radnoczi, G. Z.
name: Deretzis, I.
name: La Magna, A.
name: Roccaforte, F.
name: Nigro, R. Lo
name: Giannazzo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of ultra-thin films (<4 nm) of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and $HfO_{2}$ on Au-supported monolayer (1L) $MoS_{2}$ is investigated, providing an insight on the nucleation mechanisms in the early stages of the ALD process. A preliminary multiscale characterization of large area 1L-$MoS_{2}$ exfoliated on sputter-grown Au/Ni films revealed an almost conformal $MoS_{2}$ membrane with the Au topography and the occurrence of strain variations at the nanoscale. Ab-initio DFT calculations of $MoS_{2}$/Au(111) interface showed a significant influence of the Au substrate on the $MoS_{2}$ energy band structure, whereas small differences were accounted for the adsorption of the $H_{2}O$, TMA and TDMAHf precursors. This suggests a crucial role of nanoscale morphological effects, such as local curvature and strain of the $MoS_{2}$ membrane, in the enhanced physisorption of the precursors. Therefore, the nucleation and growth of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and $HfO_{2}$ films onto 1L-$MoS_{2}$/Au was investigated, by monitoring the surface coverage as a function of the number (N) of ALD cycles, with N from 10 to 120. At low N values, a slower growth rate of the initially formed nuclei was observed for $HfO_{2}$, probably due to the bulky nature of the TDMAHf precursor as compared to TMA. On the other hand, the formation of continuous films was obtained in both cases for N>80 ALD cycles, corresponding to 3.6 nm $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and 3.1 nm $HfO_{2}$. Current mapping by C-AFM showed, for the same applied bias, a uniform insulating behavior of $Al_{2}O_{3}$ and the occurrence of few localized breakdown spots in the case of $HfO_{2}$, associated to less compact films regions. Finally, an increase of the 1L-$MoS_{2}$ tensile strain was observed by Raman mapping after encapsulation with both high-k films, accompanied by a reduction in the PL intensity.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
Steinitz Theorems for Orthogonal Polyhedra
Creators: name: Eppstein, David
name: Mumford, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.2; F.2.2

description: We define a simple orthogonal polyhedron to be a three-dimensional polyhedron with the topology of a sphere in which three mutually-perpendicular edges meet at each vertex. By analogy to Steinitz's theorem characterizing the graphs of convex polyhedra, we find graph-theoretic characterizations of three classes of simple orthogonal polyhedra: corner polyhedra, which can be drawn by isometric projection in the plane with only one hidden vertex, xyz polyhedra, in which each axis-parallel line through a vertex contains exactly one other vertex, and arbitrary simple orthogonal polyhedra. In particular, the graphs of xyz polyhedra are exactly the bipartite cubic polyhedral graphs, and every bipartite cubic polyhedral graph with a 4-connected dual graph is the graph of a corner polyhedron. Based on our characterizations we find efficient algorithms for constructing orthogonal polyhedra from their graphs.
description: 48 pages, 31 figures
title: Managing Digitalized Ecosystems : Perspectives on Identity, Diversity, and New Work Structures
Creators: name: Barwinski, Roman
Publisher: name: University of Bayreuth
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Digitalized Ecosystems
subject: Innovation Ecosystems
subject: Managerial Capabilities
subject: Identity
subject: Diversity
subject: New work structures
subject: Coworking spaces
subject: Digitalization
subject: 330

description: Ecosystems are increasingly gaining in importance in both research and practice. Building on a wave of increasing digitalization and globalization, ecosystems are replacing traditional value chains. Firms are now focusing on a wide variety of partners and ways in which they can collectively create value for their customers. Ecosystems break down formerly existing barriers and create possibilities to integrate global partners to create innovative value propositions. This thesis introduces digitalized ecosystem as a phenomenon that creates an open and dynamic setting offering great potential for new and innovative value propositions and global business but simultaneously results in complex challenges for the firm management. Firms need to switch to operating in ecosystems, require managers with new skills to manage digital transformation and collaborations across borders, and manage the increasingly digital workforce. Building on eight research articles, this thesis contributes to business research by (1) giving insights on how firms interact and strategically use ecosystems, (2) highlighting the firm-specific challenges of managing diversity and dynamics in digitalized ecosystems, and (3) giving perspectives on coworking spaces as local ecosystem hubs. The thesis is structured in three parts and covers the topics mentioned above at the ecosystem-level in part one and the firm-level in parts two and three. The first part includes one published research article and two conference articles that examine the characteristics of innovation ecosystems in the emerging 3D printing category, shows how a shared digital identity within the industry fuels open knowledge exchange, and introduces different collaboration strategies of ecosystem actors. Part two consists of two research articles investigating the managers' role in driving digital transformation and the complexity of managing an increasingly diverse workforce. Part three includes three published research articles covering coworking spaces as a new form to organize work in digitalized ecosystems. The research articles investigate the role of coworking spaces as an innovative setting for the digital workforce to generate innovations, co-create value, and empower its users. This thesis shows that firms in increasingly open environments require some form of boundaries, which come at the ecosystem or category level. The findings point towards the need for dynamic managerial capabilities in dealing with the ongoing digital transformation. The thesis further highlights the need for further research on handling the increasing diversity in the workforce and within open-work structures.
Collinear laser spectroscopy of highly charged ions produced with an electron beam ion source
Creators: name: Imgram, Phillip
name: König, Kristian
name: Maaß, Bernhard
name: Müller, Patrick
name: Nörtershäuser, Wilfried
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collinear laser spectroscopy has been performed on He-like C$^{4+}$ ions extracted from an electron beam ion source (EBIS). In order to determine the transition frequency with the highest-possible accuracy, the lineshape of the fluorescence response function was studied for pulsed and continuous ion extraction modes of the EBIS in order to optimize its symmetry and linewidth. We found that the best signal-to-noise ratio is obtained using the continuous beam mode for ion extraction. Applying frequency-comb-referenced collinear and anticollinear laser spectroscopy, we achieved a measurement accuracy of better than 2\,MHz including statistical and systematic uncertainties. The origin and size of systematic uncertainties, as well as further applications for other isotopes and elements are discussed.
Measurement of the shot noise in a single electron transistor
Creators: name: Kafanov, Sergey
name: Delsing, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have systematically measured the shot noise in a single electron transistor (SET) as a function of bias and gate voltages. By embedding a SET in a resonance circuit we have been able to measure its shot noise at the resonance frequency 464 MHz, where the 1/f noise is negligible. We can extract the Fano factor which varies between 0.5 and 1 depending on the amount of Coulomb blockade in the SET, in very good agreement with the theory.
description: 4 figures
On the Calibration of a Size-Structured Population Model from Experimental Data
Creators: name: Jauffret, Marie Doumic
name: Maia, Pedro
name: Zubelli, Jorge P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 35R30 (Primary), 35F15 (Secondary), 92D25

description: The aim of this work is twofold. First, we survey the techniques developed in (Perthame, Zubelli, 2007) and (Doumic, Perthame, Zubelli, 2008) to reconstruct the division (birth) rate from the cell volume distribution data in certain structured population models. Secondly, we implement such techniques on experimental cell volume distributions available in the literature so as to validate the theoretical and numerical results. As a proof of concept, we use the data reported in the classical work of Kubitschek [3] concerning Escherichia coli in vitro experiments measured by means of a Coulter transducer-multichannel analyzer system (Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah, Fla, USA.) Despite the rather old measurement technology, the reconstructed division rates still display potentially useful biological features.
Neutral kaon photoproduction on the deuteron
Creators: name: Salam, A.
name: Mart, T.
name: Miyagawa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutral kaon photoproduction on the deuteron has been investigated by including the final state effects and compared with the experimental data. Comparison shows that the models used in this calculation can reproduce the data in the $Σ$ channel regions fairly well but still give over predictions in the $Λ$ channel. It seems that the tensor target asymmetries are more suitable for studying the final state effects. The extractions of the elementary photoproduction amplitude are also demonstrated.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, talk given by A. Salam at Fourth Asia-Pacific Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics 2008 (APFB08), Depok, Indonesia, August 19-23, 2008
Illumination-insensitive Binary Descriptor for Visual Measurement Based on Local Inter-patch Invariance
Creators: name: Lin, Xinyu
name: Zhou, Yingjie
name: Zhang, Xun
name: Liu, Yipeng
name: Zhu, Ce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Binary feature descriptors have been widely used in various visual measurement tasks, particularly those with limited computing resources and storage capacities. Existing binary descriptors may not perform well for long-term visual measurement tasks due to their sensitivity to illumination variations. It can be observed that when image illumination changes dramatically, the relative relationship among local patches mostly remains intact. Based on the observation, consequently, this study presents an illumination-insensitive binary (IIB) descriptor by leveraging the local inter-patch invariance exhibited in multiple spatial granularities to deal with unfavorable illumination variations. By taking advantage of integral images for local patch feature computation, a highly efficient IIB descriptor is achieved. It can encode scalable features in multiple spatial granularities, thus facilitating a computationally efficient hierarchical matching from coarse to fine. Moreover, the IIB descriptor can also apply to other types of image data, such as depth maps and semantic segmentation results, when available in some applications. Numerical experiments on both natural and synthetic datasets reveal that the proposed IIB descriptor outperforms state-of-the-art binary descriptors and some testing float descriptors. The proposed IIB descriptor has also been successfully employed in a demo system for long-term visual localization. The code of the IIB descriptor will be publicly available.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement
Responsible Shares and Shared Responsibility
Creators: name: Sepinwall, Amy J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2014

description: When a corporation commits a crime, whom may we hold criminally liable? One obvious set of defendants consists of the individuals who perpetrated the crime on the corporation’s behalf. But according to the responsible corporate officer (“RCO”) doctrine, the government may also prosecute and punish those corporate executives who, although perhaps lacking “consciousness of wrongdoing,” nonetheless have “a responsible share in the furtherance of the transaction which the statute outlaws.” In other words, under the RCO doctrine, a corporate executive can come to bear criminal responsibility for an offense of her corporation that she neither participated in nor culpably failed to prevent. As long as the executive in question had the authority to prevent the corporate crime and failed to do so, she may be targeted in a criminal suit. The RCO doctrine plainly poses a challenge to our traditional understanding of criminal culpability, according to which guilt is individual—one may be held responsible only for a wrong one has personally committed, and only if one has done so with a guilty mind. Thus, RCO liability, while representing the most common instance of strict criminal liability, has been deemed “at odds with fundamental notions of our criminal justice system,” and likened to the primitive doctrine of frankpledge, under which innocent members of a group could be punished for the wrongful deed of one of their fellows. On the other hand, corporate crimes have an irreducibly collective aspect. If we take this aspect seriously, as this paper does, then departures from the paradigm of individual culpability may well be warranted. In particular, we may be justified in assigning responsibility not just to the corporate crime’s immediate perpetrators, but also to those who held prominent positions within the corporation at the time of the crime’s occurrence, and this responsibility may license just the kind of criminal liability that the RCO doctrine contemplates. This paper seeks to determine the circumstances under which this extension of responsibility is permissible, and the grounds of its permissibility. More specifically, this Article critiques existing justifications for the doctrine by arguing that these mistakenly construe it as a kind of negligence liability, and in so doing deprive the doctrine of its transformative power. It next offers a defense of the doctrine, according to which personal guilt is not necessary, and then contends with objections to the doctrine, arguing that we need not dispense with the doctrine altogether in order to avoid the concerns of its critics. What is needed instead is a set of guidelines that guard against the doctrine’s misuse or abuse. Finally, this Article ends with a specification of these guidelines.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2014 No. 2
Study of Pion Production in ν_μCC Interactions on O16 Using Different MC Generators
Creators: name: Antonello, M.
name: Caracciolo, V.
name: Christodoulou, G.
name: Dobson, J.
name: Frank, E.
name: Golan, T.
name: Lee, V.
name: Mania, S.
name: Przewlocki, P.
name: Rossi, B.
name: Stefan, D.
name: Sulej, R.
name: Szeglowski, T.
name: Tacik, R.
name: Wachala, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this report we present simulated event numbers, for various MC generators, for pion production in $ν_μ$ CC reactions on $\nucl{16}{O}$. For the simulation we used four different neutrino interaction generators: GENIE, FLUKA, NEUT, and NuWro, as proposed during the 45th Karpacz Winter School on neutrino interactions. First we give a brief outline of the theoretical models relevant to pion production. We then present results, in the form of tables showing the occupancy of primary and final state pion topologies, for all the generated samples. Finally we compare the results from the different generators and draw conclusions about the similarities and differences. For some of the generators we explore the effect of varying the axial mass parameter or the use of a different nuclear model.
Who’s Leading the Blind? Aimster, Grokster, and Viacom’s Vision of Knowledge in the New Digital Millennium
Creators: name: Finlay-Hunt, Fiona
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2014

description: In Viacom v. YouTube, the Second Circuit confirmed that willful blindness may substitute for actual knowledge under the statutory safe harbor from contributory copyright infringement granted to Online Service Providers (“OSPs”) under Section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (the “DMCA”). An examination of precedent reveals that plaintiffs often attempt to argue that the defendant OSP was willfully blind to generalized infringement on its website. Because liability under the DMCA’s safe harbor provision requires knowledge of specific instances of infringement, the Second Circuit’s acceptance of the doctrine without further clarification has caused confusion in the intellectual property community. This Note questions whether the willful blindness doctrine fits within the special statutory scheme crafted by the DMCA in an age of ubiquitous user-generated content. In response, this Note argues that willful blindness––to the extent that it is possible to demonstrate under the specificity requirements of the DMCA––has already been accounted for in the statutory language. Further, arguments submitted by plaintiffs with regard to OSPs’ general policies of willful blindness must be considered in the light of inducement liability, which may fall outside the contemplation of the safe harbor. This is so for three reasons. First, legislative history supports an interpretation of red flag knowledge that resolves the problem of willful blindness under the DMCA. Second, the use of willful blindness in copyright law and under the DMCA must avoid imposing an affirmative duty to monitor, and the judiciary’s use of common law doctrine risks contravening this provision. Third, the DMCA created a statutory balance of interests that should not be disturbed, particularly when an OSP’s actual knowledge of infringement cannot be shown. This Note concludes with the suggestion that general policies tending toward willful blindness may be used as evidence of inducement liability, but that for the purposes of the DMCA safe harbor in litigation, red flag knowledge is equivalent to willful blindness. The judiciary has a burden to clarify the appropriate use of the doctrine.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 3
Additional file 2 of Nationwide genomic surveillance reveals the prevalence and evolution of honeybee viruses in China
Creators: name: Li, Nannan
name: Li, Cixiu
name: Hu, Tao
name: Li, Juan
name: Zhou, Hong
name: Ji, Jingkai
name: Wu, Jiangli
name: Kang, Weipeng
name: Holmes, Edward C.
name: Shi, Weifeng
name: Xu, Shufa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Figure S1. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of DWV. Figure S2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of SBV. Figure S3. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of LSV. Figure S4. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of BQCV. Figure S5. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of CBPV. Figure S6. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of IAPV. Figure S7. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of BMLV-AMFV. Figure S8. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of ABPV. Figure S9. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of ARV1-ARV2. Figure S10. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of VOV1-VDV3/5. Figure S11. Intra-species diversity and global distribution of DWV. Figure S12. Summary of genomic features of the novel viruses identified in this study. Figure S13. Maximum likelihood phylogeny of the rhabdoviruses. Figure S14. Tagged RT-PCR results on four viruses. Figure S15. Beta diversity analysis of the viromic composition among libraries.
A student's guide to searching the literature using online databases
Creators: name: Miller, Casey W.
name: Chabot, Michelle D.
name: Messina, Troy C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A method is described to empower students to efficiently perform general and literature searches using online resources. The method was tested on undergraduate and graduate students with varying backgrounds with scientific literature. Students involved in this study showed marked improvement in their awareness of how and where to find accurate scientific information.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, and 1 table
Stochastic motion under nonlinear friction representing shear thinning
Creators: name: Lequy, Theo
name: Menzel, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stochastic motion under a nonlinear frictional force that levels off with increasing velocity. Specifically, our frictional force is of the so-called Coulomb-tanh type. At small speed, it increases approximately linearly with velocity, while at large speed it approaches a constant magnitude, similarly to solid (dry, Coulomb) friction. In one spatial dimension, a formal analogy between the associated Fokker-Planck equation and the Schrödinger equation for a quantum-mechanical oscillator in a nonharmonic Pöschl-Teller potential is revealed. Then, the stationary velocity statistics can be treated analytically. From such analytical considerations, we determine associated diffusion coefficients, which we confirm by agent-based simulations. Moreover, from such simulations and from numerically solving the associated Fokker-Planck equation, we find that the spatial distribution function, starting from an initial Gaussian shape, develops tails that appear exponential at intermediate time scales. At small magnitudes of stochastic driving, the velocity distribution resembles the case of linear friction, while at large magnitudes it rather approaches the case of solid (dry, Coulomb) friction. The same is true for diffusion coefficients. In a certain sense, thus interpolating between the two extreme cases of linear friction and solid (dry, Coulomb) friction, our approach should be useful to describe several cases of practical relevance. For instance, a reduced increase in friction with increasing relative speed is typical of shear-thinning behavior. Therefore, driven motion in shear-thinning environments is one specific example to which our description may be applied.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, to be published in Physical Review E
Unravelling climate and high elevation adaptation in the American pika (Ochotona princeps) through a comparative genomics framework
Creators: name: Sjodin, Bryson
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Extreme environments offer great opportunities for studying local adaptation. For example, high elevation environments often have less oxygen, colder temperatures, and higher levels of solar radiation than lower elevation habitats. As such, species living at high elevations must adapt to these conditions to survive and thrive which can include genomic adaptations related to increased energy metabolism, increased oxidoreductase activity, and improvements in DNA repair. These adaptations can occur as both sequence and structural variation. Studying local adaptation can give us a clearer picture of how species respond to extreme environments. American pikas (Ochotona princeps) are high elevation specialists that are considered a sentinel species for the ecological effects of climate change. My research examined putative high elevation and climate adaptation in the American pika under a comparative genomics framework. I first developed a high-quality reference genome for the American pika, improving on both the contiguity and quality over the previous version, including the identification of chromosome-level scaffolds. Next, I identified putative regions under selection by comparing the American pika genome with eight other mammalian species. I identified orthologous gene groups across species and found that groups containing only pika genes and unclustered pika genes were functionally enriched in terms related to hypoxia, metabolism, mitochondrial function/development, and DNA repair. Moreover, I detected 15 gene families which were significantly expanded in pika displaying functionally enriched terms associated with hypoxia and cold adaptation. I found 41 positively selected genes associated with putative adaptation to hypoxia, cold tolerance, and response to UV following a literature review. Lastly, I examined copy number variation within and among the major American pika lineages sampled across their entire range to identify regions putatively linked to climate adaptation using genotype-environment association analyses. Adaptive divergence among climate-associated loci largely followed elevational and latitudinal gradients. Over 200 of these loci localized within 158 unique genes with several related to mitochondrial structure/function, hemoglobin function, hypoxia response, and DNA repair. This work expands our knowledge of environmental adaptation in the American pika genome and provides interesting targets for future research, including linking adaptive genomic variation to physiological and fitness advantages.
Settling on an Interpretation of “Instrumentality” in the FCPA
Creators: name: Epner, Justin
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2014

description: Despite––or perhaps because of––the explosion in government enforcement of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”) since 2005, one of its key terms is shrouded in mystery. Terrified at the prospect of going to trial, major corporations usually settle FCPA charges away from the watchful eyes of federal district court judges. Thus, largely unencumbered by judicial oversight, the government has enforced the FCPA increasingly aggressively. The statute outlaws bribes paid to any employee of any foreign government “instrumentality.” But what is a foreign government “instrumentality” in the first place? This crucial question is mostly ignored by the academy and often inaccessible to the judiciary. In particular, under what circumstances is a corporation an “instrumentality” of a foreign state? If a government holds a minority equity stake, can the corporation be an instrumentality of that state? The history and purpose of the FCPA indicate that a broad interpretation of the term “instrumentality” is in order. In addition, global trends suggest that the government will remain aggressive in its own interpretation and enforcement. FCPA exposure takes a major toll on transnational businesses; therefore, it behooves them to consider the outermost extremes of what entities qualify as an “instrumentality” of a foreign state. This Note contends that the prevailing interpretations of “instrumentality” are muddled and misguided. Instead, a relatively low government equity stake – well below fifty percent – should be sufficient to qualify a corporation as an instrumentality of that state.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 3
Image Segmentation via Probabilistic Graph Matching
Creators: name: Heimowitz, Ayelet
name: Keller, Yosi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents an unsupervised and semi-automatic image segmentation approach where we formulate the segmentation as a inference problem based on unary and pairwise assignment probabilities computed using low-level image cues. The inference is solved via a probabilistic graph matching scheme, which allows rigorous incorporation of low level image cues and automatic tuning of parameters. The proposed scheme is experimentally shown to compare favorably with contemporary semi-supervised and unsupervised image segmentation schemes, when applied to contemporary state-of-the-art image sets.
On Recognizable Tree Languages Beyond the Borel Hierarchy
Creators: name: Finkel, Olivier
name: Simonnet, Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the topological complexity of non Borel recognizable tree languages with regard to the difference hierarchy of analytic sets. We show that, for each integer $n \geq 1$, there is a $D_{ω^n}({\bf Σ}^1_1)$-complete tree language L_n accepted by a (non deterministic) Muller tree automaton. On the other hand, we prove that a tree language accepted by an unambiguous Büchi tree automaton must be Borel. Then we consider the game tree languages $W_{(i,k)}$, for Mostowski-Rabin indices $(i, k)$. We prove that the $D_{ω^n}({\bf Σ}^1_1)$-complete tree languages L_n are Wadge reducible to the game tree language $W_{(i, k)}$ for $k-i \geq 2$. In particular these languages $W_{(i, k)}$ are not in any class $D_α({\bf Σ}^1_1)$ for $α< ω^ω$.
description: To appear in Fundamenta Informaticae
Investigating the dark energy phenomenon in $f(R,L_m)$ cosmological models with observational constraints
Creators: name: Myrzakulova, S.
name: Koussour, M.
name: Myrzakulov, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores the dark energy phenomenon within the context of $f(R,L_m)$ gravity theory. Two specific non-linear $f (R, L_m)$ models are considered: $f(R,L_m)=\frac{R}{2}+L_m^α$ and $f(R,L_m)=\frac{R}{2}+(1+αR)L_m$, where the parameter $α$ is free. Here, we adopt a parametrization form for the Hubble parameter in terms of redshift $z$ as $H(z)=H_0 \left[A(1+z)^3+B+ε\log(1+z)\right]^\frac{1}{2}$, which allows for deviations from the standard $Λ$CDM model at both low and high redshifts. We then incorporate the Hubble parameter solution into the Friedmann equations for both models. We employ Bayesian analysis to estimate the constraints on the free parameters $H_0$, $A$, $B$, and $ε$ using the Hubble measurements and the Pantheon dataset. Further, we investigate the evolution of key cosmological quantities, such as the deceleration parameter, energy density, pressure, EoS parameter, and energy conditions. The evolution of the deceleration parameter reveals a significant transition from a decelerating phase to an accelerating phase in the Universe. The EoS parameter exhibits quintessence-like behavior for both non-linear $f (R, L_m)$ models.
description: Physics of Dark Universe accepted version
Inhomogeneous tachyon dynamics and the zipper
Creators: name: Jokela, Niko
name: Lippert, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the process of inhomogeneous tachyon condensation in an intersecting D1- and anti-D1-brane system using an effective tachyon DBI action. By switching to the Hamiltonian formalism, we numerically solve for the dynamical evolution of the system at a small intersection angle. We find that the decay proceeds indefinitely and resembles the action of two zippers moving away from the intersection point at the speed of light, zipping the branes together and leaving inhomogeneous tachyon matter behind. We also discuss the range of validity of our analysis and discuss the relation of the D1-anti-D1 description of the system to one in terms of an intersecting D1-D1-brane pair.
description: 23 pages, 12 figures. v2: added references; v3: more references, published version
$Δ$ contribution in $e^+ + e^- \to p + \bar{p}$ at small $s$
Creators: name: Zhou, Hai Qing
name: Chen, Dian Yong
name: Dong, Yu Bing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-photon annihilate contributions in the process $e^+ + e^- \to p + \bar{p}$ including $N$ and $Δ$ intermediate are discussed in a simple hadronic model. The corrections to the unpolarized cross section and polarized observables $P_x,P_z$ are presented. The results show the two-photon annihilate correction to unpolarized cross section is small and its angle dependence becomes weak at small $s$ after considering the $N$ and $Δ(1232)$ contributions simultaneously, while the correction to $P_z$ is enhanced.
description: 5 pages
The Glass Boardroom: The SEC’s Role in Cracking the Door Open so Women May Enter
Creators: name: Smallman, Tamara S.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2014

description: This Note explores the current status of gender diversity disclosures under the SEC’s 2009 Proxy Disclosure Enhancements. It draws on original data compiled from the Fortune 50’s 2012 proxies in its analysis of both corporate compliance under the SEC’s revised rule and current female representation in America’s most influential boardrooms. In a detailed empirical analysis of Fortune 50 proxy diversity statements, this Note reveals that, more than three years after implementation of the SEC’s proxy disclosure amendments, over half of diversity disclosures fail to fully comply with the revised rule’s requirements. This Note chronicles the stagnation in female board membership that coincides with this non-compliance, contrasting the United States’ current status with significant growth abroad in countries that have experimented with gender quotas. While dismissing the implementation of similar quotas in this country, this Note proposes that the SEC issue enhanced guidance on the required comprehensiveness of diversity disclosures under its proxy disclosure rule via a detailed staff report distributed to all public companies. By singling out both inadequate and exemplary corporate disclosures, the SEC will not only increase the odds of regulatory compliance, but will also provide investors with the information required to make informed decisions regarding board composition.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 3
Jets, accretion, coronae and all that: The enigmatic X-rays from the Herbig star HD 163296
Creators: name: Guenther, H. M.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Herbig Ae/Be stars (HAeBe) are pre-main sequence objects in the mass range between 2 and 8 solar masses. Their X-ray properties are uncertain and, as yet, unexplained. We want to elucidate the X-ray generating mechanism in HAeBes. We present a XMM-Newton observation of the HAeBe HD 163296. We analyse the light curve, the broad band and the grating spectra, fit emission measures and abundances and apply models for accretion and wind shocks. We find three temperature components ranging from 0.2 keV to 2.7 keV. The O VII He-like triplet indicates a X-ray formation region in a low density environment with a weak UV photon field, i. e. above the stellar surface. This makes an origin in an accretion shock unlikely, instead we suggest a shock at the base of the jet for the soft component and a coronal origin for the hot component. A mass outflow of 10^{-10} solar masses per year is sufficient to power the soft X-rays. HD 163296 is thought to be single, so this data represent genuine HAeBe X-ray emission. HD 163296 might be prototypical for its class.
description: accepted by A&A 11 pages plus 1 Figure in online appendix
State Ownership and Corporate Governance in China: An Executive Career Approach
Creators: name: Lin, Li-Wen
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2014

description: China’s state-owned enterprises (SOEs) now comprise over sixty percent of the largest 500 companies in China and more than ten percent of Fortune Global 500 companies in the world. Despite their importance to China’s domestic economy and foreign investment strategy, many governance characteristics of the SOEs remain a black box, including the SOEs’ executive composition and recruitment development. This Article shifts away from the typical focus on how corporations function (i.e., corporate structure) to an examination of the people in charge. Such an approach is important for understanding corporate governance and economic development in countries with weak legal institutions. Using this approach, this Article investigates the legal guidelines for SOE executive recruitment and the evolution of the educational, political, and career attributes of the CEOs of China’s large SOEs over the past decade. Furthermore, this Article utilizes legal, historical, sociological, and comparative methods to explain the change and stability of executive composition in China’s large SOEs. In sum, SOE executive recruitment shows an orientation toward politically-bounded and firm-specific professionalism, as well as some faint potential for bottom-up and competition-driven marketization. SOE recruitment guidelines and the empirical findings in this Article raise questions about the adequacy and capacity of existing international laws and enforcement mechanisms to cope with the rise of Chinese SOEs, the challenges to improving Chinese corporate governance, and the underlying forces that form apparent similarities in elite composition across countries.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 3
Regulation Through Substitution as Policy Tool: Swap Futurization Under Dodd-Frank
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Gabriel D.
name: Massai, Jai R.
Publisher: name: Columbia Business Law Review
Year: 2014

description: Recently, significant market and regulatory attention has focused on a new trend known as “futurization”—the recasting of economic arrangements previously transacted as swaps to trade as futures. This trend results from new regulations governing swap markets under the Dodd-Frank Act, which increase the cost of transacting in swaps. Given the magnitude of the business and economic interests at stake—the swap market is estimated at $633 trillion and the futures market is estimated to be $24 trillion—the futurization trend has significant implications for the success of the Dodd-Frank Act’s swap market reforms and can provide important insights to the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and other regulatory agencies as they seek to protect financial markets in the post-financial crisis environment. This Article is the first to provide an academic treatment of this trend and its implications for regulatory policymaking. We develop a simple economic model to explain how regulators can “regulate through substitution” by encouraging market participants to subject themselves to one regulatory regime versus another through the imposition of differential regulatory costs. By applying this model to three critical areas of CFTC swap rulemaking—margin requirements, protection of customer collateral, and public dissemination of swap trading data—we predict the futurization effects of these regulations, which are in some cases contrary to what might be expected or desired. In doing so, we demonstrate how the common view of futurization as a trend affecting the swap markets in a uniform manner is overly simplistic and obscures the important lessons of futurization. Armed with this predictive tool, we believe that the CFTC can apply the regulation through substitution analysis to better design regulations, to achieve its policy goals, and to assess the costs and benefits of proposed regulations. This same tool can be used by other regulators that similarly oversee multiple related regulatory regimes to better implement their policy concerns in similar contexts.
description: Columbia Business Law Review, Vol. 2013 No. 3