cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Locally analytic representations in the étale coverings of the Lubin-Tate moduli space
Creators: name: Sheth, Mihir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22E50, 14L05, 11S31

description: The Lubin-Tate moduli space $X_{0}^{\text{rig}}$ is a $p$-adic analytic open unit polydisc which parametrizes deformations of a formal group $H_{0}$ of finite height defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p$. It is known that the natural action of the automorphism group $\text{Aut}(H_{0})$ on $X^{\text{rig}}_{0}$ gives rise to locally analytic representations on the topological duals of the spaces $H^{0}(X^{\text{rig}}_{0},(\mathcal{M}^{s}_{0})^{\mathrm{rig}})$ of global sections of certain equivariant vector bundles $(\mathcal{M}^{s}_{0})^{\mathrm{rig}}$ over $X^{\mathrm{rig}}_{0}$. In this article, we show that this result holds in greater generality. On the one hand, we work in the setting of deformations of formal modules over the valuation ring of a finite extension of $\mathbb{Q}_{p}$. On the other hand, we also treat the case of representations arising from the vector bundles $(\mathcal{M}^{s}_{m})^{\mathrm{rig}}$ over the deformation spaces $X^{\mathrm{rig}}_{m}$ with Drinfeld level-$m$-structures. Finally, we determine the space of locally finite vectors in $H^{0}(X^{\text{rig}}_{m},(\mathcal{M}^{s}_{m})^{\mathrm{rig}})$. Essentially, all locally finite vectors arise from the global sections of invertible sheaves over the projective space via pullback along the Gross-Hopkins period map.
description: 40 pages. Introduction has been rewritten. Remark 3.4.7 has been added. To be published in Israel Journal of Mathematics
Measuring the Fraction of Obscured Quasars by the Infrared Luminosity of Unobscured Quasars
Creators: name: Treister, Ezequiel
name: Krolik, Julian H.
name: Dullemond, Cornelis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent work has suggested that the fraction of obscured AGN declines with increasing luminosity, but it has been difficult to quantify this trend. Here, we attempt to measure this fraction as a function of luminosity by studying the ratio of mid-infrared to intrinsic nuclear bolometric luminosity in unobscured AGN. Because the mid-infrared is created by dust reprocessing of shorter wavelength nuclear light, this ratio is a diagnostic of f_obsc, the fraction of solid angle around the nucleus covered by obscuring matter. In order to eliminate possible redshift-dependences while also achieving a large dynamic range in luminosity, we have collected archival 24 micron MIPS photometry from objects with z~1 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS) and the Cosmic Evolution Survey (COSMOS). To measure the bolometric luminosity for each object, we used archival optical data supplemented by GALEX data. We find that the mean ratio of 24 microns to bolometric luminosity decreases by a factor of ~3 in the L_bol=10^44-3x10^47 ergs s^-1 range, but there is also a large scatter at constant L_bol. Using radiation transfer solutions for model geometries, we show how the IR/bolometric ratio relates to f_obsc and compare these values with those obtained obtained from samples of X-ray selected AGN. Although we find approximate agreement, our method indicates somewhat higher values of f_obsc, particularly in the middle range of luminosities, suggesting that there may be a significant number of heavily obscured AGN missed by X-ray surveys.
description: ApJ, in press. 10 pages in emulateapj style, 4 figures, 3 tables
Thirty Years of Agricultural Transition in China (1977-2007) and the "New Rural Campaign"
Creators: name: Jia, Xiangping
name: Fock, Achim
name: Jia, Xiangping
name: Fock, Achim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: International Development
subject: agriculture
subject: rural development
subject: transition
subject: institutions
subject: China

description: Agriculture in China has experienced a compelling growth in the early 1980s, a buoyant upbeat in the early 1990s, and an extended period of low growth after 1995. Decollectivization, mar-ket reforms, public investments and technology have played a critical role during this overall successful process. However, the transition has also led to increasing inequalities between the agricultural and non-agricultural population, and substantial institutional issues remain to be fully addressed. The Chinese government is now reemphasizing agriculture and rural develop-ment under its New Rural Campaign with the objective to address rural-urban inequalities, but a stronger emphasis on participation and tenure reforms is warranted.
RD13-01 细胞注射液治疗复发或难治性CD7阳性T/NK系恶性血液肿瘤患者安全性的临床研究
Creators: name: 薛佳佳(Jiajiaxue)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multiisolate
Medical

description: 本研究计划依靠细胞治疗技术，探索研究UCART治疗复发或难治性CD7阳性T/NK系恶性血液肿瘤患者的可行性与安全性
Observational constraints on quantum decoherence during inflation
Creators: name: Martin, Jerome
name: Vennin, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since inflationary perturbations must generically couple to all degrees of freedom present in the early Universe, it is more realistic to view these fluctuations as an open quantum system interacting with an environment. Then, on very general grounds, their evolution can be modelled with a Lindblad equation. This modified evolution leads to quantum decoherence of the system, as well as to corrections to observables such as the power spectrum of curvature fluctuations. On one hand, current cosmological observations constrain the properties of possible environments and place upper bounds on the interaction strengths. On the other hand, imposing that decoherence completes by the end of inflation implies lower bounds on the interaction strengths. Therefore, the question arises of whether successful decoherence can occur without altering the power spectrum. In this paper, we systematically identify all scenarios in which this is possible. As an illustration, we discuss the case in which the environment consists of a heavy test scalar field. We show that this realises the very peculiar configuration where the correction to the power spectrum is quasi scale invariant. In that case, the presence of the environment improves the fit to the data for some inflationary models but deteriorates it for others. This clearly demonstrates that decoherence is not only of theoretical importance but can also be crucial for astrophysical observations.
description: 54 pages without appendices (total 87 pages), 11 figures. Correction made in Appendix D after publication in JCAP
An Analysis Of The EU Positions In WTO: Impact On EU And New Zealand
Creators: name: Saunders, Caroline M.
name: Santiago, J.D.
name: Saunders, Caroline M.
name: Santiago, J.D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: WTO
subject: European Union
subject: New Zealand

description: The Doha round negotiations in World Trade Organisation (WTO) have been suspended in the last July due to lack of agreement in agriculture issues. Nevertheless, several leaders of WTO countries have stated publicly their will in reviving WTO talks. Therefore, further negotiations should be expected. Despite the last July failure in obtaining a final text on the negotiating modalities for agriculture, it should be noted that since the launch of Doha round in 2000 significant progress was made in the negotiations. WTO members tabled more generous offers than the initial ones in the round. In fact, during July talks the EU had a active role offering more concessions, such as, 48% reductions of their import tariff (instead of the 39% cuts proposed in its last October's offer), increases in Tariff Quotas, and progressive elimination of export subsidies. The EU recent offers would have had a considerable impact on New Zealand (NZ). The EU is the second largest market for NZ exports. It will be relevant to analyse what impact these changes would have had in the EU and NZ if the latest negotiation offers would have been accepted. Such analysis will help to estimate the cost of failure or can be an important contribution for future WTO negotiations. This paper will assess the implications of the very latest EU offers on market access, domestic support and export competition in EU and NZ Agriculture. The analysis covers livestock sectors of these countries. The model used for this analysis is the LTEM (Lincoln Trade and Environment Model).
Structural Change And Economic Convergence Across The Eu-15 Regions: Can The Agricultural Sector Play a Role?
Creators: name: Sassi, Maria
name: Sassi, Maria
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Development

description: Economic and agricultural convergence across the EU regions has for a long time attracted the attention of economists and more so in the recent decade following the EU enlargement. Empirical contributions have referred explicitly or implicitly to the Solow's model of economic growth testing absolute and conditional b-convergence. The recent literature suggests that the prevailing neoclassical and sectoral approach is not suitable to face the implication of structural change on economic convergence whose understanding is key within the current process of significant marginalization of agriculture and partly of industry in favour of the service sector. In this context the aim of the paper is the understanding the size and evolution of this change, the way in which it has affected aggregate economic convergence and if the agricultural sector has influenced the process despite its small and decreasing contribution to total GDP comparing the results from the neoclassical and Paci, Pigliaru approach
Monte Carlo radiative transfer in SPH density fields
Creators: name: Stamatellos, Dimitris
name: Whitworth, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code with an SPH code, so that -- assuming thermal equilibrium -- we can calculate dust-temperature fields, spectral energy distributions, and isophotal maps, for the individual time-frames generated by an SPH simulation. On large scales, the radiative transfer cells (RT cells) are borrowed from the tree structure built by the SPH code, and are chosen so that their size -- and hence the resolution of the calculated temperature field -- is comparable with the resolution of the density field. We refer collectively to these cubic RT cells as the 'global grid'. The code is tested and found to treat externally illuminated dust configurations very well. However, when there are embedded discrete sources, i.e. stars, these produce very steep local temperature gradients which can only be modelled properly if -- in the immediate vicinity of, and centred on, each embedded star -- we supplement the global grid with a 'star grid' of closely spaced concentric RT cells.
description: Accepted by A&A
Centrality dependence of limiting fragmentation
Creators: name: Kellers, B.
name: Wolschin, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the centrality-dependent validity of the limiting-fragmentation hypothesis in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at energies reached at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A phenomenological analysis of Au-Au and Pb-Pb collisions within a three-source relativistic diffusion model (RDM) is performed at sqrt(s_NN) = 19.6, 62.4, 130, 200, 2760 and 5023 GeV using four centrality cuts at each energy. Linear and nonlinear expressions for the rapidity drift function are tested and their physical relevance is discussed. Our results are compatible with the limiting-fragmentation conjecture for the investigated centralities in the full energy range. The number of particles in the fragmentation and fireball sources are found to depend on sqrt(s_NN) logarithmically and cubic-logarithmically, respectively.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures as accepted by EPJA. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1901.06421
Torsion of elliptic curves over cyclic cubic fields
Creators: name: Derickx, Maarten
name: Najman, Filip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We determine all the possible torsion groups of elliptic curves over cyclic cubic fields, over non-cyclic totally real cubic fields and over complex cubic fields.
description: 14 pages
Lessing, Erich / Flusser, David / Schillebeeckx, Edward / Schweizer, Eduard: Paulus
Creators: name: Kg.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 31 Nr. 3 (1982): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 31, Heft 3
Non-Traditional Exports, Traditional Constraints: The Adoption and Diffusion of Cash Crops among Smallholders in Guatemala
Creators: name: Carletto, Calogero
name: Kirk, Angeli
name: Winters, Paul C.
name: Davis, Benjamin
name: Carletto, Calogero
name: Kirk, Angeli
name: Winters, Paul C.
name: Davis, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Relations/Trade

description: More than two decades after non-traditional export crops (NTXs) were introduced to the central highlands of Guatemala to link farmers to global markets and foster rural development, this study uses duration analysis to explore how time-varying household characteristics and external trends play into both the adoption and diffusion processes of NTX among smallholders. Adoption was widespread and rapid, which led the project to be hailed as a pro-poor success, reaching all but the smallest landholders. Potential benefits of NTXs have proven to be high, but constraints to sustained adoption also numerous, particularly in the second decade of the period considered. Over time, more than two-thirds of adopters eventually dropped out, reverting back to more traditional crops, or leaving agriculture altogether. Based on a second round of a 20-year panel survey carried out by the authors, the analysis suggests that smallholders are quite responsive to price incentives when making their repeated decision to continue adopting overtime. Also, in line with previous findings, land size does not seem important in the decision to adopt. However, land quality emerges as a significant factor in prolonging NTX production over time. Overall, the findings suggest that, in the long-run, NTX production does not appear to have been as pro-poor as initially hoped, and that institutions and policy interventions were able to only partially offset these difficulties in favor of less endowed farmers.
Metabolic profiles of health and colorectal cancer patients
Creators: name: 郭健
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Metabolome
Monoisolate

description: The gut microbiota and its released metabolites significantly impact the development, progression, and response to the treatment of colorectal cancer. To identify gut microbial metabolites that may contribute to CRC, untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed in the discovery cohort.
Partial positive scaling transform: a separability criterion
Creators: name: Manko, Olga V.
name: Manko, V. I.
name: Marmo, G.
name: Shaji, Anil
name: Sudarshan, E. C. G.
name: Zaccaria, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of constructing a necessary and sufficient condition for establishing the separability of continuous variable systems is revisited. Simon [R. Simon, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2726 (2000)] pointed out that such a criterion may be constructed by drawing a parallel between the Peres' partial transpose criterion for finite dimensional systems and partial time reversal transformation for continuous variable systems. We generalize the partial time reversal transformation to a partial scaling transformation and re-examine the problem using a tomographic description of the continuous variable quantum system. The limits of applicability of the entanglement criteria obtained from partial scaling and partial time reversal are explored.
description: Submitted for publication to Phys. Lett. A
Role of Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) and Creatine Kinase MB (CK-MB) in predicting coronary atherosclerosis: A hospital based observational study
Creators: name: Thomas, Cherian
Publisher: name: Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research
Year: 2024

description: Objectives: To evaluate the role of gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) and creatine kinaseMB (CK-MB) in predicting coronary atherosclerosis; and to identify variables associated withlevels of gamma glutamyl transferase, creatine kinase MB and percent coronary angiogramlesions. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the outpatientdepartment and inpatient wards of the Department of General Medicine, tertiary healthcarefacility in south India between March 2022 and December 2022. Results: The mean (SD)levels of GGT was 66.2 (19.4) and CK-MB was 72.7 (18.9). The levels of GGT and CK-MBincreased with age, though the difference was not found to be statistically significant. Similarly,the levels of GGT and CK-MB was not statistically associated with gender and degree ofvascular involvement. The mean (SD) age of the patients (54.7 (8.3) vs 37.9 (9.2)), gammaglutamyl transferase levels (69.5 (10.4) vs 46.9 (13.2)), and creatine kinase levels (74.7 (10.7)vs 52.3 (11.4)) were significantly higher among patients with coronary angiogram lesion morethan 50.0%, in comparison with patients having coronary angiogram lesion less than 50.0% –a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that age had asignificant positive moderate correlation; levels of GGT had significant positive strongcorrelation; levels of CK-MB had significant positive mild correlation; and ejection fraction hadsignificant negative mild correlation with percent coronary angiogram lesion. Importantly, whenthe levels of GGT and CK-MB were combined, it showed a significant positive strongcorrelation with percent CAL, Pearson’s coefficient being 0.831. The sensitivity and specificityof GGT (>52.5) to identify coronary atherosclerosis was 73.4% and 74.2%; of CK-MB levels(>66.0) was 56.8% and 58.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Incorporating these findings intoclinical guidelines and screening protocols may enhance the accuracy of identifying individualsat risk of coronary atherosclerosis.
Identification of malfunctioning quantum devices
Creators: name: Skotiniotis, M.
name: Llorens, Santiago
name: Hotz, R.
name: Calsamiglia, J.
name: Muñoz-Tapia, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the problem of correctly identifying a malfunctioning quantum device that forms part of a network of $N$ such devices, which can be considered as the quantum analogue of classical anomaly detection. In the case where the devices in question are sources assumed to prepare identical quantum pure states, with the faulty source producing a different anomalous pure state, we show that the optimal probability of successful identification requires a global quantum measurement. We also put forth several local measurement strategies -- both adaptive and non-adaptive, that achieve the same optimal probability of success in the limit where the number of devices to be checked are large. In the case where the faulty device performs a known unitary operation we show that the use of entangled probes provides an improvement that even allows perfect identification for values of the unitary parameter that surpass a certain threshold. Finally, if the faulty device implements a known qubit channel we find that the optimal probability for detecting the position of rank-one and rank-two Pauli channels can be achieved by product state inputs and separable measurements for any size of network, whereas for rank-three and general amplitude damping channels optimal identification requires entanglement with N qubit ancillas.
description: 7 pages + Appendices. Published version
Agri-environmental Regulation on the Back of a Data Envelopment Analysis
Creators: name: White, Benedict
name: Raguragavan, Jananee
name: Chambers, Robert G.
name: White, Benedict
name: Raguragavan, Jananee
name: Chambers, Robert G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Agri-environmental policy
subject: distance functions
subject: efficiency
subject: mechanism design

description: A land retirement policy whereby land is taken out of agriculture and converted to natural vegetation or forestry has the potential to reduce environmental damage related to dryland salinity in Western Australia. This paper uses some recent results in the theory of directional distance functions (Chambers and Fare, 2004) to analyse alternative policy designs for a land retirement scheme. The results indicate that a fixed price scheme is inefficient compared with a first-best solution, but performs adequately. A scheme requiring a fixed proportion of area retired by all producers is inefficient. A separating solution, based on mechanism design, gives a small but significant increase in welfare compared to a fixed price scheme.
PM located lncRNA CMBAR couples with b1AR to facilitate its activation
Creators: name: 邢文娟(Wenjuan Xing)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2024
Subjects: Genome sequencing and assembly
Raw sequence reads
Genome sequencing
Assembly
Monoisolate

description: Much less is known about the PM localized RNA and its function in cellular homeostasis and diseases. Here, using a PM located APEX mediated proximity labeling strategy followed by RNA sequencing, we uncover the existence of RNAs in the PM of cardiomyocytes. Among them, the most abundant lncRNA in PM fractions is identified to be interacted with b1AR and promotes isoproterenol induced cAMP signaling activation.
Fully-heavy pentaquark states
Creators: name: Zhang, Jian-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Developing the calculation techniques to fivefold heavy hadrons, we perform the study of novel fully-heavy $QQQQ\bar{Q}$ pentaquark states by the QCD sum rule approach that is firmly based on the QCD basic theory. Numerically, masses of fully-heavy pentaquark states are calculated to be $7.41^{+0.27}_{-0.31}~\mbox{GeV}$ for $cccc\bar{c}$ and $21.60^{+0.73}_{-0.22}~\mbox{GeV}$ for $bbbb\bar{b}$, respectively. In experiment, these predicted all-heavy pentaquark states could be searched for in the $Ω_{QQQ}η_{Q}$ invariant mass spectrum.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Restricting the form of interaction Hamiltonians for systems of fermions, antifermions, and bosons
Creators: name: Asman, Charles Phillip
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In this thesis, we define two general interaction Hamiltonians, one for describing systems of interacting nucleons, antinucleons and pions, the other for describing systems of interacting electrons positrons and photons. We then demand that the Hamiltonians should each remain invariant under the action of a certain class of transformations. By imposing this requirement, the allowed forms of the Hamiltonians are greatly restricted.
A Measurement of Time-Averaged Aerosol Optical Depth using Air-Showers Observed in Stereo by HiRes
Creators: name: S Eye Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Air fluorescence measurements of cosmic ray energy must be corrected for attenuation of the atmosphere. In this paper we show that the air-showers themselves can yield a measurement of the aerosol attenuation in terms of optical depth, time-averaged over extended periods. Although the technique lacks statistical power to make the critical hourly measurements that only specialized active instruments can achieve, we note the technique does not depend on absolute calibration of the detector hardware, and requires no additional equipment beyond the fluorescence detectors that observe the air showers. This paper describes the technique, and presents results based on analysis of 1258 air-showers observed in stereo by the High Resolution Fly's Eye over a four year span.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication by Astroparticle Physics Journal
The Social-Environmental Impacts Of Renewable Energy Expansion In Scotland
Creators: name: Bergmann, E. Ariel
name: Colombo, Sergio
name: Hanley, Nick
name: Bergmann, E. Ariel
name: Colombo, Sergio
name: Hanley, Nick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Investments in renewable energy, such as new wind farms and hydro schemes, are being promoted as a new means of diversifying rural employment in Scotland*. However, such investments are associated with a range of environmental impacts which might be detrimental to other economic activities, such as those based on nature tourism. When designing policy instruments for more sustainable energy futures, therefore, the main goal is to generate the lowest possible adverse socio-economic and environmental impacts ensuring a certain degree of economic efficiency. We use a Choice Experiment to quantify peoples' preferences over these multiple impacts of renewable energy in Scotland. We find that landscape, wildlife and air pollution impacts are all significant for both urban and rural respondents. Only rural respondents, however, value job creation. We also show the differences in the welfare gain associated with alternative renewable energy investments between rural and urban households.
Constraint Likelihood analysis for a network of gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Klimenko, S.
name: Mohanty, S.
name: Rakhmanov, M.
name: Mitselmakher, G.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a coherent method for the detection and reconstruction of gravitational wave signals for a network of interferometric detectors. The method is derived using the likelihood functional for unknown signal waveforms. In the standard approach, the global maximum of the likelihood over the space of waveforms is used as the detection statistic. We identify a problem with this approach. In the case of an aligned pair of detectors, the detection statistic depends on the cross-correlation between the detectors as expected, but this dependence dissappears even for infinitesimally small misalignments. We solve the problem by applying constraints on thelikelihood functional and obtain a new class of statistics. The resulting method can be applied to the data from a network consisting of any number of detectors with arbitrary detector orientations. The method allows us reconstruction of the source coordinates and the waveforms of two polarization components of a gravitational wave. We study the performance of the method with numerical simulation and find the reconstruction of the source coordinates to be more accurate than in the standard approach.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Curbing Agricultural Exceptionalism: The EU's Response To External Challenge
Creators: name: Swinbank, Alan
name: Daugbjerg, Carsten
name: Swinbank, Alan
name: Daugbjerg, Carsten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: From the launch of GATT in 1948, through to the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations, the niceties of international trade rules had little impact on the design and implementation of EU farm policies. GATT was built on consensus, but powerful economic actors (such as the EU) were to a large extent able to implement farm policies that best suited their perceived needs. This agricultural exceptionalism (a term used by political scientists) had been promoted by the US in the 1940s and 1950s, but was cultivated by the EU (and others) in the 1960s and 1970s. However, dating from the Punta del Este declaration of 1986 launching the Uruguay Round, agricultural exceptionalism has been under pressure and the Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture of 1994 (the URAA) did, to some extent, curb agricultural exceptionalism and continues so doing through the WTO dispute settlement body.
The formation of disk galaxies in computer simulations
Creators: name: Mayer, Lucio
name: Governato, Fabio
name: Kaufmann, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of disk galaxies is one of the most outstanding problems in modern astrophysics and cosmology. We review the progress made by numerical simulations carried out on large parallel supercomputers. Recent progress stems from a combination of increased resolution and improved treatment of the astrophysical processes modeled in the simulations, such as the phenomenological description of the interstellar medium and of the process of star formation. High mass and spatial resolution is a necessary condition in order to obtain large disks comparable with observed spiral galaxies avoiding spurious dissipation of angular momentum. A realistic model of the star formation history. gas-to-stars ratio and the morphology of the stellar and gaseous component is instead controlled by the phenomenological description of the non-gravitational energy budget in the galaxy. We show that simulations of gas collapse within cold dark matter halos including a phenomenological description of supernovae blast-waves allow to obtain stellar disks with nearly exponential surface density profiles as those observed in real disk galaxies, counteracting the tendency of gas collapsing in such halos to form cuspy baryonic profiles. However, the ab-initio formation of a realistic rotationally supported disk galaxy with a pure exponential disk in a fully cosmological simulation is still an open problem. We argue that the suppression of bulge formation is related to the physics of galaxy formation during the merger of the most massive protogalactic lumps at high redshift, where the reionization of the Universe likely plays a key role. A sufficiently high resolution during this early phase of galaxy formation is also crucial to avoid artificial angular momentum loss (Abridged).
description: 41 pages, 15 figures, Invited Review accepted for publication on Advanced Science Letters. High resolution version can be found at http://www.exp-astro.phys.ethz.ch/mayer/galform.ps.gz
TOI-811b and TOI-852b: New transiting brown dwarfs with similar masses and very different radii and ages from the TESS mission
Creators: name: Carmichael, Theron W.
name: Quinn, Samuel N.
name: Zhou, George
name: Grieves, Nolan
name: Bouchy, Francois
name: Collins, Karen A.
name: Kielkopf, John F.
name: Schwarz, Richard P.
name: Vanderburg, Andrew M.
name: Irwin, Jonathan M.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Ziegler, Carl
name: Briceno, Cesar
name: Law, Nicholas
name: Mann, Andrew W.
name: Huang, Chelsea
name: Shporer, Avi
name: Rodriguez, Joseph E.
name: Stassun, Keivan G.
name: Latham, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of two transiting brown dwarfs (BDs), TOI-811b and TOI-852b, from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission. These two transiting BDs have similar masses, but very different radii and ages. Their host stars have similar masses, effective temperatures, and metallicities. The younger and larger transiting BD is TOI-811b at a mass of $M_b = 55.3 \pm 3.2{\rm M_J}$ and radius of $R_b = 1.35 \pm 0.09{\rm R_J}$ and it orbits its host star in a period of $P = 25.16551 \pm 0.00004$ days. Its age of $93^{+61}_{-29}$ Myr, which we derive from an application of gyrochronology to its host star, is why this BD's radius is relatively large, not heating from its host star since this BD orbits at a longer orbital period than most known transiting BDs. This constraint on the youth of TOI-811b allows us to test substellar mass-radius isochrones where the radius of BDs changes rapidly with age. TOI-852b is a much older (4.0 Gyr from stellar isochrone models of the host star) and smaller transiting BD at a mass of $M_b = 53.7 \pm 1.3{\rm M_J}$, a radius of $R_b = 0.75 \pm 0.03{\rm R_J}$, and an orbital period of $P = 4.94561 \pm 0.00008$ days. TOI-852b joins the likes of other old transiting BDs that trace out the oldest substellar mass-radius isochrones where contraction of the BD's radius asymptotically slows. Both host stars have a mass of $M_\star = 1.32{\rm M_\odot}\pm0.05$ and differ in their radii, $T_{\rm eff}$, and [Fe/H] with TOI-811 having $R_\star=1.27\pm0.09{\rm R_\odot}$, $T_{\rm eff} = 6107 \pm 77$K, and $\rm [Fe/H] = +0.40 \pm 0.09$ and TOI-852 having $R_\star=1.71\pm0.04{\rm R_\odot}$, $T_{\rm eff} = 5768 \pm 84$K, and $\rm [Fe/H] = +0.33 \pm 0.09$. We take this opportunity to examine how TOI-811b and TOI-852b serve as test points for young and old substellar isochrones, respectively.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables, submitted to AJ
Alloy disorder effects on the room temperature optical properties of GaInNAs quantum wells
Creators: name: Bansal, Bhavtosh
name: Kadir, Abdul
name: Bhattacharya, Arnab
name: Arora, B. M.
name: Bhat, Rajaram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of alloy disorder on the optical density of states and the average room temperature carrier statistics in GaInNAs quantum wells is discussed. A red shift between the peak of the room temperature photoluminescence and the surface photovoltage spectra, that systematically increases with the nitrogen content within the quantum wells is observed. The relationship between this Stokes' shift and the absorption linewidth in different samples suggests that the photoexcited carriers undergo a continuous transition, from being in quasi-thermal equilibrium with the lattice to being completely trapped by the quantum dot-like potential fluctuations, as the nitrogen fraction in the alloy is increased. The values of the 'electron temperature' inferred from the photoluminescence spectra are found to be consistent with this interpretation.
description: 3 figures
Mildenberger, Friedrich: Geschichte der deutschen evangelischen Theologie im 19. und 20 Jahrhundert
Creators: name: Geldbach, Erich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 31 Nr. 3 (1982): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 31, Heft 3
Internal Boundary between Entanglement and Separability Within a Quantum State
Creators: name: Wang, Bang-Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum states are the key mathematical objects in quantum mechanics, and entanglement lies at the heart of the nascent fields of quantum information processing and computation. However, there has not been a general, necessary and sufficient, and operational separability condition to determine whether an arbitrary quantum state is entangled or separable. In this paper, we show that whether a quantum state is entangled or not is determined by a threshold within the quantum state. We first introduce the concept of \emph{finer} and \emph{optimal} separable states based on the properties of separable states in the role of higher-level witnesses. Then we show that any bipartite quantum state can be decomposed into a convex mixture of its optimal entangled state and its optimal separable state. Furthermore, we show that whether an arbitrary quantum state is entangled or separable, as well as positive partial transposition (PPT) or not, is determined by the robustness of its optimal entangled state to its optimal separable state with reference to a crucial threshold. Moreover, for an arbitrary quantum state, we provide operational algorithms to obtain its optimal entangled state, its optimal separable state, its best separable approximation (BSA) decomposition, and its best PPT approximation decomposition while it was an open question that how to calculate the BSA in high-dimension systems.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, close to the published version
Myopic Coding in Multiple Relay Channels
Creators: name: Ong, Lawrence
name: Motani, Mehul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate achievable rates for data transmission from sources to sinks through multiple relay networks. We consider myopic coding, a constrained communication strategy in which each node has only a local view of the network, meaning that nodes can only transmit to and decode from neighboring nodes. We compare this with omniscient coding, in which every node has a global view of the network and all nodes can cooperate. Using Gaussian channels as examples, we find that when the nodes transmit at low power, the rates achievable with two-hop myopic coding are as large as that under omniscient coding in a five-node multiple relay channel and close to that under omniscient coding in a six-node multiple relay channel. These results suggest that we may do local coding and cooperation without compromising much on the transmission rate. Practically, myopic coding schemes are more robust to topology changes because encoding and decoding at a node are not affected when there are changes at remote nodes. Furthermore, myopic coding mitigates the high computational complexity and large buffer/memory requirements of omniscient coding.
description: To appear in the proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory, Adelaide, Australia, September 4-9, 2005
Determining The Cost Effectiveness Of Solutions To Diffuse Pollution: Developing A Model To Assess In-Field Mitigation Options for Phosphorous and Sediment Loss
Creators: name: Bailey, Alison P.
name: Quinton, John
name: Silgram, Martyn
name: Stevens, Carly
name: Jackson, Bob
name: Bailey, Alison P.
name: Quinton, John
name: Silgram, Martyn
name: Stevens, Carly
name: Jackson, Bob
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The European Union Water Framework Directive requires governments to set water quality objectives based on good ecological status. This includes specific requirements to control diffuse pollution. Diffuse phosphorous (P) pollution plays a pivotal role in influencing water quality with losses of P associated with soil particles often linked to soil erosion. The Mitigation Options for Phosphorus and Sediment (MOPS) project, using three case study sites, is investigating the cost effectiveness of specific control measures in terms of mitigating sediment and P loss from combinable crops. The analysis is conducted at the farm level using a simple spreadsheet model. Further development of the model will allow the results to be extrapolated to generic regional farm typologies. Results from the initial farm level analysis suggest that some mitigation options may not be cost effective in reducing diffuse pollution, however, that other options may be very cost effective.
What Determines Prediction Errors In "Benefits Transfer" Models?
Creators: name: Colombo, Sergio
name: Hanley, Nick
name: Colombo, Sergio
name: Hanley, Nick
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: The aim of BT techniques is to provide decision makers with a monetary valuation of environmental goods and service in a cost-effective and timely manner, since original valuation studies are both expensive and time-consuming. Demands for environmental valuation estimates are rising in the policy community in both Europe and the US. In the UK, widespread use of benefits transfer has already occurred within policy making and regulatory bodies, for instance in the setting of water quality targets for private water companies and in the design of agrienvironmental policy. An important question is how big the errors are resulting from this practice, and how sensitive transfer errors are to how the benefits transfer is conducted. In this study we employ a choice experiment study focusing on the value of landscape attributes in four upland farming regions of England to investigate the sensitivity of transfer error to procedures. This is done using an experimental design with the same set of attributes and levels applied in four different regions of England. The main findings to emerge are that transfer errors depend on the choice of study site at which original valuations are sought, on whether a single site or pooled model is used, and on whether a mean value or benefit function transfer is used. Large variations in transfer errors are found to be related to these choices.
The representation theory of Brauer categories I: triangular categories
Creators: name: Sam, Steven V
name: Snowden, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This is the first in a series of papers in which we study representations of the Brauer category and its allies. We define a general notion of triangular category that abstracts key properties of the triangular decomposition of a semisimple complex Lie algebra, and develop a highest weight theory for them. We show that the Brauer category, the partition category, and a number of related diagram categories admit this structure.
description: 53 pages
Commutativity of Substitution and Variation in Actions of Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Wu, Zhong Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exists a paradox in quantum field theory: substituting a field configuration which solves a subset of the field equations into the action and varying it is not necessarily equivalent to substituting that configuration into the remaining field equations. We take the $S^4$ and Freund-Rubin-like instantons as two examples to clarify the paradox. One must match the specialized configuration field variables with the corresponding boundary conditions by adding appropriate Legendre terms to the action. Some comments are made regarding exceptional degenerate cases.
description: 11 pages
Global well-posedness and scattering of 3D defocusing, cubic Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Shen, Jia
name: Wu, Yifei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55, 35B40

description: In this paper, we study the global well-posedness and scattering of 3D defocusing, cubic Schrödinger equation. Recently, Dodson [arXiv:2004.09618] studied the global well-posedness in a critical Sobolev space $\dot{W}^{11/7,7/6}$. In this paper, we aim to show that if the initial data belongs to $\dot H^\frac12$ to guarantee the local existence, then some extra weak space which is subcritical, is sufficient to prove the global well-posedness. More precisely, we prove that if the initial data belongs to $\dot{H}^{1/2}\cap \dot{W}^{s,1}$ for $12/13
description: 21 pages; comments are welcome!
Resolving the Surfaces of Extrasolar Planets With Secondary Eclipse Light Curves
Creators: name: Williams, Peter K. G.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Cooper, Curtis S.
name: Showman, Adam P.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a method that employs the secondary eclipse light curves of transiting extrasolar planets to probe the spatial variation of their thermal emission. This technique permits an observer to resolve the surface of the planet without the need to spatially resolve its central star. We evaluate the feasibility of this technique for the HD 209458 system [..]. We consider two representations of the planetary thermal emission; a simple model parameterized by a sinusoidal dependence on longitude and latitude, as well as the results of a three-dimensional dynamical simulation of the planetary atmosphere previously published by Cooper & Showman. We find that observations of the secondary eclipse light curve are most sensitive to a longitudinal offset in the geometric and photometric centroids of the hemisphere of the planet visible near opposition. To quantify this signal, we define a new parameter, the ``uniform time offset,'' which measures the time lag between the observed secondary eclipse and that predicted by a planet with a uniform surface flux distribution. We compare the predicted amplitude of this parameter for HD 209458 with the precision with which it could be measured with IRAC. We find that IRAC observations at 3.6um a single secondary eclipse should permit sufficient precision to confirm or reject the Cooper & Showman model of the surface flux distribution for this planet. We quantify the signal-to-noise ratio for this offset in the remaining IRAC bands (4.5um, 5.8um, and 8.0um), and find that a modest improvement in photometric precision (as might be realized through observations of several eclipse events) should permit a similarly robust detection.
description: AASTeX 5.2, 24 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ; v2: clarifications, updated to version accepted by ApJ; v3: try to reduce spacing
Geometric approach to error correcting codes and reconstruction of signals
Creators: name: Rudelson, Mark
name: Vershynin, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B07, 94B75, 68P30, 52B05

description: We develop an approach through geometric functional analysis to error correcting codes and to reconstruction of signals from few linear measurements. An error correcting code encodes an n-letter word x into an m-letter word y in such a way that x can be decoded correctly when any r letters of y are corrupted. We prove that most linear orthogonal transformations Q from R^n into R^m form efficient and robust robust error correcting codes over reals. The decoder (which corrects the corrupted components of y) is the metric projection onto the range of Q in the L_1 norm. An equivalent problem arises in signal processing: how to reconstruct a signal that belongs to a small class from few linear measurements? We prove that for most sets of Gaussian measurements, all signals of small support can be exactly reconstructed by the L_1 norm minimization. This is a substantial improvement of recent results of Donoho and of Candes and Tao. An equivalent problem in combinatorial geometry is the existence of a polytope with fixed number of facets and maximal number of lower-dimensional facets. We prove that most sections of the cube form such polytopes.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
What happens to the chemical equilibrium in case of a reference frame change
Creators: name: Herrmann, Friedrich
name: Pohlig, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that upon a reference frame change, the chemical potential transforms in the same way as temperature and electric potential. Consequently, during a reference frame change, a chemical equilibrium remains a chemical equilibrium.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure