cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Intravital Imaging of Adoptive T-Cell Morphology, Mobility and Trafficking Following Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in a Mouse Melanoma Model
Creators: name: Lau, Doreen
name: Garçon, Fabien
name: Chandra, Anita
name: Lechermann, Laura M.
name: Aloj, Luigi
name: Chilvers, Edwin R.
name: Corrie, Pippa G.
name: Okkenhaug, Klaus
name: Gallagher, Ferdia A.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: intravital imaging
subject: adoptive T-cell therapy
subject: immune checkpoint inhibitors
subject: immunocompetent
subject: melanoma

description: Efficient T-cell targeting, infiltration and activation within tumors is crucial for successful adoptive T-cell therapy. Intravital microscopy is a powerful tool for the visualization of T-cell behavior within tumors, as well as spatial and temporal heterogeneity in response to immunotherapy. Here we describe an experimental approach for intravital imaging of adoptive T-cell morphology, mobility and trafficking in a skin-flap tumor model, following immune modulation with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-L1 and CTLA-4. A syngeneic model of ovalbumin and mCherry-expressing amelanotic mouse melanoma was used in conjunction with adoptively transferred OT-1+ cytotoxic T-cells expressing GFP to image antigen-specific live T-cell behavior within the tumor microenvironment. Dynamic image analysis of T-cell motility showed distinct CD8+ T-cell migration patterns and morpho-dynamics within different tumor compartments in response to ICIs: this approach was used to cluster T-cell behavior into four groups based on velocity and meandering index. The results showed that most T-cells within the tumor periphery demonstrated Lévy-like trajectories, consistent with tumor cell searching strategies. T-cells adjacent to tumor cells had reduced velocity and appeared to probe the local environment, consistent with cell-cell interactions. An increased number of T-cells were detected following treatment, traveling at lower mean velocities than controls, and demonstrating reduced displacement consistent with target engagement. Histogram-based analysis of immunofluorescent images from harvested tumors showed that in the ICI-treated mice there was a higher density of CD31+ vessels compared to untreated controls and a greater infiltration of T-cells towards the tumor core, consistent with increased cellular trafficking post-treatment.
Iraqi Agricultural Production and Its Import Potential
Creators: name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: This report evaluates the potential for agricultural imports by Iraq since the end of the Iraqi War. Income elasticities for protein and calorie consumption are estimated and potential demand for cereal grains and livestock are calculated. Income for post war Iraq should return to levels which were obtained in the late 1980s, before the Gulf War and the U.N. trade sanctions. The United States was a major supplier of commodities in the 1980s, and the potential exists for imports to increase in future years.
On Generalizing Detection Models for Unconstrained Environments
Creators: name: Bhargava, Prajjwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Object detection has seen tremendous progress in recent years. However, current algorithms don't generalize well when tested on diverse data distributions. We address the problem of incremental learning in object detection on the India Driving Dataset (IDD). Our approach involves using multiple domain-specific classifiers and effective transfer learning techniques focussed on avoiding catastrophic forgetting. We evaluate our approach on the IDD and BDD100K dataset. Results show the effectiveness of our domain adaptive approach in the case of domain shifts in environments.
description: In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision workshop (ICCV Workshops)
Sangeeta dlabolai C.A.Viraktamath 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Sangeeta
Sangeeta dlabolai

description: Sangeeta dlabolai sp. nov.
Figs 532–534
 Color. Pale brown. Two spots on vertex closer to eyes than to each other, median stripe extending to tip of inverted V-shaped ridge on face and two larger spots on anterior pronotal depressions, black. Apical half of clypellus, two submargnal stripes on frontoclypeus, ventral margin of ridge on face, inner margins of ocelli, median narrow stripe on pronotum, large spots with irregular margin on posterior half of pronotum, two triangular spots at basal angels and median stripe on scutellum, fuscous. Abdominal sterna, legs and scutellum, ochraceous.
 Morphology. Pronotum shorter than scutellum, anterior pronotal depressions shallow.
 Male genitalia. Resemble those of S. sarawakensis (see below). Subgenital plates elongate, with two stout macrosetae and 6–8 slender but conspicuous setae. Aedeagal shaft in lateral view more slender compared to that in S. sarawakensis measuring 0.49 mm in thickness compared to 0.70 mm in the latter; in cephalic view hood-like expansion with smoothly rounded lateral margins.
 Measurements. Male 5.4–5.6 mm long, 1.6–1.7 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined. LAOS: HOLOTYPE ♂, Samaboury Prov.: Samaboury, 15.i.1966, Native collector, Randon-Bishop Collection, Malaise Trap (BPBM). PARATYPE: 1 ♂, same data as holotype except 17.ii.1965 (BPBM).
 Remarks. S. dlabolai closely resembles S. sarawakensis (see below) but can be distinguished by the shallow pronotal depressions, color markings on the pronotum and scutellum and by the slender aedeagus. The species is named in honour of Dr Jiri Dlabola, a well-known hemipterist.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on pages 105-107
A systematic study of four series of electron-doped rare earth manganates, LnxCa1-xMnO3 (Ln=La, Nd, Gd and Y) over the x=0.02-0.25 composition range
Creators: name: Sudheendra, L.
name: Raju, A. R.
name: Rao, C. N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrical and magnetic properties of four series of manganates LnxCa1-xMnO3 (Ln=La, Nd, Gd and Y) have been studied in the electron doped regime (x=0.02-0.25) in order to investigate the various inter-dependent phenomena such as ferromagnetism, phase separation and charge ordering. The general behavior of all the four series of manganates is similar, with some of the properties showing dependence on the average radius of the A-site cations, and cation size disorder. Thus, all the compositions show increase in magnetization at 100-120 K (TM) for x, probably due to the increased phase separation induced by site disorder. This is also reflected in the larger width of the hysteresis loops at T. In this regime, the electrical resistivity decreases with increasing x, but remains low and nearly constant T>TM. The percolative nature of the conduction mechanism at Txmax, the materials become antiferromagnetic and charge-ordered at a temperature TCA, accompanied by a marked increase in resistivity. The value of TCA increases with increase in and x (upto x=0.3). Thus, all the four series of manganates are characterized by a phase-separated regime between x=0.02 and 0.1-0.15 and an antiferromagnetic charge-ordered regime at x>0.1-0.15.
description: 23 pages; 9 figures; corrected some typos and added an extra figure; to be published in J.Phys:Condens. Matter
Sangeeta fyanensis C.A.Viraktamath 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Sangeeta
Sangeeta fyanensis

description: Sangeeta fyanensis sp. nov.
Figs 535, 536.
 Color. Pale brown. Following areas black: two globose spots on vertex, inner margins of ocelli, antennal pits, frontal sulci, clypellus, anterior marginal band, median obclavate spot, pair of large lateral and two pairs of outer small spots on pronotum, two lateral and small median triangle at base of scutellum. Coloration of other parts as in S. linnavuoiri (see below) but much darker.
 Morphology. Anterior pronotal depressions shallow, pronotum shorter than scutellum. Inner anteapical cell open basally, third apical cell not stalked posteriorly.
 Male genitalia. Resembling that of S. linnavuorii (see below). Styles not arcuate, inner arm not as long as in S. linnavuoirii. Aedeagal shaft robust with distinct hump bearing pair of short horn-like processes. Width of shaft in lateral view at point of origin of process 0.8 mm, processes appear submarginal and finger-like in dorsal view, apically pointed in lateral view; arms of dorsal apodeme wider than in S. linnavuoirii.
 Measurements. Male 5.4 mm long, 1.5 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined. VIETNAM: HOLOTYPE ♂, Fyan, 1200 m, 11.vii–9.viii.1961, N.R. Spencer (BPBM).
 Remarks. S. fyanensis resembles closely S. linnavuorii. Coloration and structure of the aedeagus distinguish them.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on page 107
Brucellosis in ruminants and pastoralists in Borena, Southern Ethiopia
Creators: name: Edao, Bedaso Mammo
name: Ameni, Gobena
name: Assefa, Zerihun
name: Berg, Stefan
name: Whatmore, Adrian M.
name: Wood, James L. N.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Biology and life sciences
Medicine and health sciences
People and places

description: Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268; Grant(s): ref: BB/L018977/1
description: Brucellosis is a bacterial zoonotic disease that has important veterinary and public health consequences as well as economic impact in sub Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in four selected districts of Borena Pastoral setting in Southern Ethiopia from October 2017 to February 2018 to estimate the prevalence of brucellosis and assess associated risk factors in cattle, sheep, goats and occupationally associated humans. A total of 750 cattle, 882 sheep and goats and 341 human subjects were screened for evidence of brucellosis using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) with positive results confirmed by Competitive-ELISA(c-ELISA). Structured questionnaires were used for collection of metadata from individual animals, herders and animal attendants to test the association between explanatory and outcome variables. The overall animal level prevalence was 2.4% (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.4–3.7) in cattle, 3.2% (95% CI: 2.1–4.6) in sheep and goats, and 2.6% (95% CI: 1.2–5) in humans occupationally linked to livestock production systems. Herd size, parity, and history of abortion were risk factors associated with Brucella seropositivity (P<0.05) in cattle whereas in sheep and goats the results showed that district, age group, flock size, and history of abortion were significantly associated risk factors with Brucella seropositivity (P<0.05). Assisting calving and presence of seropositive animals in a household (P<0.05) were significantly associated with Brucella seropositivity in humans. Evidence of brucellosis in various animal species and the associated human population illustrates the need for a coordinated One Health approach to controlling brucellosis so as to improve public health and livestock productivity.
United States and Canadian Agricultural Herbicide Costs: 2003 Update
Creators: name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Gray, James A.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Gray, James A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Herbicide prices differ between Canada and the United States. Price disparities may be symptoms of the different pesticide regulatory systems between the two countries. The price diferences may be due to the size of the respective pesticide markets or different business environments. Traditional economic theory states that price is determined by supply and demand. For the prices to remain different, the two markets must be segregated by some barrier. If not, arbitrage will occur and eliminate the price differences. An international border with trade restriction provides an excellent barrier. The price difference between the two countries costs North Dakota producers over $20 million annually. Higher herbicide costs in North Dakota raised total pesticide expenditures about 8.3% and total crop expenses by 2.3% in 2002. Differences in the economic structure of the two countries provide the incentive for different prices, but market segregation is required for successful price discrimination. Therefore, to eliminate price disparities, the U.S. and Canadian herbicides markets must be de-segmented.
Dissecting cell-type-specific metabolism in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Lau, Allison N
name: Li, Zhaoqi
name: Danai, Laura V
name: Westermark, Anna M
name: Darnell, Alicia M
name: Ferreira, Raphael
name: Gocheva, Vasilena
name: Sivanand, Sharanya
name: Lien, Evan C
name: Sapp, Kiera M
name: Mayers, Jared R
name: Biffi, Giulia
name: Chin, Christopher R
name: Davidson, Shawn M
name: Tuveson, David A
name: Jacks, Tyler
name: Matheson, Nicholas J
name: Yilmaz, Omer
name: Vander Heiden, Matthew G
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Cancer Biology
pancreatic cancer
organoid culture
malic enzyme 1
PDAC
pyruvate carboxylase
metabolic heterogeneity
Mouse

description: Funder: Jane Coffin Childs Memorial Fund for Medical Research; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001033
description: Funder: Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001729
description: Funder: Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004063
description: Funder: Barbro Osher Pro Suecia Foundation; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100008483
description: Funder: Howard Hughes Medical Institute; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000011
description: Funder: NIHR Cambridge BRC
description: Funder: Lustgarten Foundation; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005979
description: Funder: Stand Up To Cancer; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009730
description: Funder: MIT Center for Precision Cancer Medicine
description: Funder: Ludwig Center at MIT
description: Funder: Emerald Foundation
description: Tumors are composed of many different cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Dissecting functional metabolic differences between cell types within a mixed population can be challenging due to the rapid turnover of metabolites relative to the time needed to isolate cells. To overcome this challenge, we traced isotope-labeled nutrients into macromolecules that turn over more slowly than metabolites. This approach was used to assess differences between cancer cell and fibroblast metabolism in murine pancreatic cancer organoid-fibroblast co-cultures and tumors. Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited increased pyruvate carboxylation relative to fibroblasts, and this flux depended on both pyruvate carboxylase and malic enzyme 1 activity. Consequently, expression of both enzymes in cancer cells was necessary for organoid and tumor growth, demonstrating that dissecting the metabolism of specific cell populations within heterogeneous systems can identify dependencies that may not be evident from studying isolated cells in culture or bulk tissue.
The threshold for the full perfect matching color profile in a random coloring of random graphs
Creators: name: Chakraborti, Debsoumya
name: Hasabnis, Mihir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Consider a graph $G$ with a coloring of its edge set $E(G)$ from a set $Q = \set{c_1,c_2, \ldots, c_q}$. Let $Q_i$ be the set of all edges colored with $c_i$. Recently, Frieze defined a notion of the perfect matching color profile denoted by $\mcp(G)$, which is the set of vectors $(m_1, m_2, \ldots, m_q) \in [n]^q$ such that there exists a perfect matching $M$ in $G$ with $|Q_i \cap M| = m_i$ for all $i$. Let $\a_1, \a_2, \ldots, \a_q$ be positive constants such that $\sum_{i=1}^q \a_i = 1$. Let $G$ be the random bipartite graph $G_{n,n,p}$. Suppose the edges of $G$ are independently colored with color $c_i$ with probability $α_i$. We determine the threshold for the event $\mcp(G) = \set{(m_1, \ldots, m_q) \in [0,n]^q : m_1 + \cdots + m_q = n}$, answering a question posed by Frieze. We further extend our methods to find the threshold for the same event in a randomly colored random graph $G_{n,p}$.
description: Minor corrections
Non-additivity of Tsallis entropies and fluctuations of temperature
Creators: name: Beck, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the non-additivity relation of the Tsallis entropies in nonextensive statistical mechanics has a simple physical interpretation for systems with fluctuating temperature or fluctuating energy dissipation rate. We also show that there is a distinguished dependence of the entropic index q on the spatial scale that makes the Tsallis entropies quasi-additive. Quasi-additivity implies that q is a strictly monotonously decreasing function of the spatial scale r, as indeed observed in various experiments.
description: 5 pages, no figures
Culturas y sus expresiones tradicionales/ Culturas e suas expressões tradicionais. VII Simpósio DEDiCA EDUCAÇÃO E HUMANIDADES™
Creators: name: Sadio-Ramos, Fernando José
name: Ortiz Molina, María Angustias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Diversidade cultural
Educação
Património material e imaterial

description: International Symposium Program: Sadio-Ramos, Fernando José; Ortiz-Molina, María Angustias (2022). Culturas y sus expresiones tradicionales/ Culturas e suas expressões tradicionais. VII Simpósio DEDiCA EDUCAÇÃO E HUMANIDADES™. Coimbra: Fernando Ramos (Editor)®. ISBN: 978-989-8486-39-4 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5884917
An update on engineering issues concerning stratospheric aerosol injection for geoengineering
Creators: name: Lockley, Andrew
name: MacMartin, Doug
name: Hunt, Hugh
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Topical Review
Climate science
geoengineering
engineering
stratosphere

description: Abstract: Solar Radiation Management (SRM) geoengineering is a proposed response to anthropogenic global warming (AGW). Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is one proposed method, reliant on lofting material into the stratosphere. Engineering reviews related to this technology approach have been sparse, with most major primary analyses now at least five years old. We attempt to bridge this gap—with a short, qualitative review of recent developments in various fields of engineering that have potential applicability to SAI. Our analysis shows that a new conventional aircraft design is still likely to be the most dependable and affordable technology solution (cost estimates start around $1000–1500 per ton lofted), with hybrid or vacuum airships a potential challenger. Rockets, gas guns and MAGLEV/coilguns show some potential—although they lack the inherent level-flight capability that would be needed for direct aerosol distribution (versus distribution of gaseous precursors), without substantial additional engineering. Should very high-altitude access be required, rockets, jet-hybrid rockets, and various guns (especially light-gas guns) potentially offer the required capability. Costs and performance for tethered balloons remain highly uncertain. Towers are not found to be promising. The extreme accessibility of free balloons suggests that this method may be used primarily for reasons of political leverage, as opposed to being an optimal engineering solution.
Particle-Hole Multiplets Near Closed Shells
Creators: name: Covello, A.
name: Coraggio, L.
name: Gargano, A.
name: Itaco, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report here on a shell-model study of nuclei close to doubly magic 132Sn and 100Sn focusing attention on particle-hole multiplets. In our study we make use of realistic effective interactions derived from the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential. We present results for the four nuclei 132Sb, 130Sb, 102In and 98Ag. Comparison shows that the calculated results are in very good agreement with the experimental data available for these nuclei far from stability. This supports confidence in the predictions of our calculations which may stimulate, and be helpful to, future experiments.
description: 9 pages, talk presented at the XXXVII Zakopane School of Physics "Trends in Nuclear Physics", Zakopane, Poland, September 3-10, 2002. To be published on Acta Physica Polonica B
Gradient flow model of mode-III fracture in Maxwell-type viscoelastic materials
Creators: name: Tanaka, Yoshimi
name: Takaishi, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 74D05, 74R99

description: We formulate a phase field crack growth model for mode III fracture in a Maxwell-type viscoelastic material. To describe viscoelastic relaxation, a field variable of viscously flowed strain is employed in addition to a displacement field and damage phase field used in the original elastic model. Unlike preceding models constructed in the mechanical engineering community, our model is based only on the generic procedure for driving (uni-directional) gradient flow system from a physically natural system energy and employ no additional assumption such as the super-imposed relations for stress and strain (and their time derivatives) valid only for linear viscoelasticity. Numerical simulations indicate that the competition between increase in deformation by applied loading and the viscoelastic relaxation determines whether a distinct crack propagation has occurred from an initial crack. Furthermore, we consider the numerical results from an energetic perspective.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
A Defined Antigen Skin Test That Enables Implementation of BCG Vaccination for Control of Bovine Tuberculosis: Proof of Concept
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Sreenidhi
name: Subramanian, Saraswathi
name: Shankar Balakrishnan, Sai
name: Ramaiyan Selvaraju, Kathiravan
name: Manomohan, Vandana
name: Selladurai, Suganya
name: Jothivelu, Monika
name: Kandasamy, Srinivasan
name: Gopal, Dhinakar Raj
name: Kathaperumal, Kumanan
name: Conlan, Andrew J. K.
name: Veerasami, Maroudam
name: Bakker, Douwe
name: Vordermeier, Martin
name: Kapur, Vivek
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Veterinary Science
bovine tuberculosis
BCG
specificity
DIVA
DST

description: In most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), bovine tuberculosis (bTB) remains endemic due to the absence of control programs. This is because successful bTB control and eradication programs have relied on test-and-slaughter strategies that are socioeconomically unfeasible in LMICs. While Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccine-induced protection for cattle has long been documented in experimental and field trials, its use in control programs has been precluded by the inability to differentiate BCG-vaccinated from naturally infected animals using the OIE-prescribed purified protein derivative (PPD)-based tuberculin skin tests. In the current study, the diagnostic specificity and capability for differentiating infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA) of a novel defined antigen skin test (DST) in BCG-vaccinated (Bos taurus ssp. taurus x B. t. ssp. indicus) calves were compared with the performance of traditional PPD-tuberculin in both the skin test and in vitro interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). The IFN-γ production from whole blood cells stimulated with both PPDs increased significantly from the 0 week baseline levels, while DST induced no measurable IFN-γ production in BCG-vaccinated calves. None of the 15 BCG-vaccinated calves were reactive with the DST skin test (100% specificity; one-tailed lower 95% CI: 82). In contrast, 10 of 15 BCG-vaccinated calves were classified as reactors with the PPD-based single intradermal test (SIT) (specificity in vaccinated animals = 33%; 95% CI: 12, 62). Taken together, the results provide strong evidence that the DST is highly specific and enables DIVA capability in both skin and IGRA assay format, thereby enabling the implementation of BCG vaccine-based bTB control, particularly in settings where test and slaughter remain unfeasible.
KESIK PIRAMIDA TUSHUNCHASI. KESIK PIRAMIDANING YON SIRTINI TOPISH FORMULALARI.
Creators: name: Latipova, Shahnoza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Language teaching and learning programs provide students the opportunity to discover how languages are learned and how they may be most-effectively taught. These programs allow students to consider questions including the subsequent: What theoretical troubles underline the teaching and studying of language?
Neutron-Fed Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fireballs of gamma-ray bursts are partially made of free neutrons. Their presence crucially changes the mechanism of the fireball deceleration by an external medium. At late stages of the explosion, neutrons fully decouple from ions and coast with a constant Lorentz factor Γ_n. As the ion fireball decelerates, the neutrons form a leading front. This front gradually decays, leaving behind a trail of decay products mixed with the ambient medium. The kinetic energy of the decay products far exceeds the medium rest-mass energy, and the trail has a high Lorentz factor at radii R < R_{trail} = 10R_β\approx 10^{17} cm where R_β= 10^{16}(Γ_n/300) cm is the mean radius of neutron decay. The ion fireball sweeps up the trail material and drives a shock wave in it. Thus, observed afterglow emission is produced in the neutron trail. It can naturally re-brighten or display a spectral transition at R \approx R_{trail} where the impact of neutrons turns off. Absence of any neutron signatures would point to an extremely low baryon loading of the fireballs and a strong dominance of a Poynting flux.
description: accepted to ApJ Letters
Characterisation of protein isoforms encoded by the Drosophila Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 gene shaggy
Creators: name: Korona, Dagmara
name: Nightingale, Daniel
name: Fabre, Bertrand
name: Nelson, Michael
name: Fischer, Bettina
name: Johnson, Glynnis
name: Lees, Jonathan
name: Hubbard, Simon
name: Lilley, Kathryn
name: Russell, Steven
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Research and analysis methods
Biology and life sciences
Medicine and health sciences

description: The Drosophila shaggy gene (sgg, GSK-3) encodes multiple protein isoforms with serine/threonine kinase activity and is a key player in diverse developmental signalling pathways. Currently it is unclear whether different Sgg proteoforms are similarly involved in signalling or if different proteoforms have distinct functions. We used CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering to tag eight different Sgg proteoform classes and determined their localization during embryonic development. We performed proteomic analysis of the two major proteoform classes and generated mutant lines for both of these for transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis. We uncovered distinct tissue-specific localization patterns for all of the tagged proteoforms we examined, most of which have not previously been characterised directly at the protein level, including one proteoform initiating with a non-standard codon. Collectively, this suggests complex developmentally regulated splicing of the sgg primary transcript. Further, affinity purification followed by mass spectrometric analyses indicate a different repertoire of interacting proteins for the two major proteoforms we examined, one with ubiquitous expression (Sgg-PB) and one with nervous system specific expression (Sgg-PA). Specific mutation of these proteoforms shows that Sgg-PB performs the well characterised maternal and zygotic segmentations functions of the sgg locus, while Sgg-PA mutants show adult lifespan and locomotor defects consistent with its nervous system localisation. Our findings provide new insights into the role of GSK-3 proteoforms and intriguing links with the GSK-3α and GSK-3β proteins encoded by independent vertebrate genes. Our analysis suggests that different proteoforms generated by alternative splicing are likely to perform distinct functions.
Sangeeta linnavuorii C.A.Viraktamath 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Sangeeta
Sangeeta linnavuorii

description: Sangeeta linnavuorii sp. nov.
Figs 537–538.
 Male (color). Pale brown. Antennal pits, two spots on hind margin of vertex closer to eyes than to each other, two spots on anterior shallow depressions of pronotum joined by marginal band, two spots behind eyes, two triangular spots on posterior half of pronotum, median stripe on scutellum anterior to median impressed line, and two small spots laterad of median impressed line, black. Submarginal band on frontoclypeus, inverted Y, circle surrounding each ocellus, median stripe on pronotum, two triangular spots on basal angles scutellum, forewing cells, first M, R and claval cells, fuscous.
 Morphology. Anterior pronotal depressions shallow, pronotum shorter than median length of scutellum. Inner anteapical cell closed posteriorly, third apical cell stalked posteriorly.
 Male genitalia. Pygofer caudodorsally broadly pointed, ventrally rounded, notched in middle. Styles as in Fig.537. Aedeagus with arms of dorsal apodeme narrower than in S. fyanensis, measuring 0.17 mm in width in cephalic view. Shaft curved anteriorly about middle, with pair of short horn-like processes directed anteriorly, almost reaching caudal margin of gonopore; processes appear finger-like in lateral view; width of aedeagal shaft at point of origin of process in lateral view 0.7 mm.
 Female (color). Paler than male, lacking smaller black spots and fuscous markings. Scutellum longer than median length of pronotum. Inner anteapical cell of forewings open basally, third apical cell not stalked.
 Measurements. 5.3 mm long 1.6 mm wide across eyes. Female 5.7 mm long, 1.8 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined. VIETNAM: HOLOTYPE ♂, Khontum, N. of Pleiku, 550m, 13.v.1960, L.W.Quate (BPBM). PARATYPE: 1 ♀, same data as holotype (BPBM).
 Remarks. S. linnavuorii closely resembles S. fyanensis but can be distinguished from it by the dorsal horn-like projection of aedeagal shaft. This species is named after Dr R. Linnavuori, a well-known hemipterist.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on pages 107-108
Universal renormalization-group dynamics at the onset of chaos in logistic maps and nonextensive statistical mechanics
Creators: name: Baldovin, F.
name: Robledo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We uncover the dynamics at the chaos threshold $μ_{\infty}$ of the logistic map and find it consists of trajectories made of intertwined power laws that reproduce the entire period-doubling cascade that occurs for $μ
description: Revtex, 3 figures. Updated references and some general presentation improvements. To appear published as a Rapid communication of PRE
Modeling hydration water and its role in polymer folding
Creators: name: Bruscolini, Pierpaolo
name: Casetti, Lapo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hydrophobic effect is the dominant force which drives a protein towards its native state, but its physics has not been thoroughly understood yet. We introduce an exactly solvable model of the solvation of non-polar molecules in water, which shows that the reduced number of allowed configurations of water molecules when the solute is present is enough to give rise to hydrophobic behaviour. We apply our model to a non-polar homopolymer in aqueous solution, obtaining a clear evidence of both ``cold'' and ``warm'' collapse transitions that recall those of proteins. Finally we show how the model can be adapted to describe the solvation of aromatic and polar molecules.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, LaTeX2e, needs kluwer.cls (included)
Intracellular neutralisation of rotavirus by VP6-specific IgG
Creators: name: Caddy, Sarah L.
name: Vaysburd, Marina
name: Wing, Mark
name: Foss, Stian
name: Andersen, Jan Terje
name: O‘Connell, Kevin
name: Mayes, Keith
name: Higginson, Katie
name: Iturriza-Gómara, Miren
name: Desselberger, Ulrich
name: James, Leo C.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Research and analysis methods
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology

description: Funder: Wellcome Trust; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440
description: Rotavirus is a major cause of gastroenteritis in children, with infection typically inducing high levels of protective antibodies. Antibodies targeting the middle capsid protein VP6 are particularly abundant, and as VP6 is only exposed inside cells, neutralisation must be post-entry. However, while a system of poly immune globulin receptor (pIgR) transcytosis has been proposed for anti-VP6 IgAs, the mechanism by which VP6-specific IgG mediates protection remains less clear. We have developed an intracellular neutralisation assay to examine how antibodies neutralise rotavirus inside cells, enabling comparison between IgG and IgA isotypes. Unexpectedly we found that neutralisation by VP6-specific IgG was much more efficient than by VP6-specific IgA. This observation was highly dependent on the activity of the cytosolic antibody receptor TRIM21 and was confirmed using an in vivo model of murine rotavirus infection. Furthermore, mice deficient in only IgG and not other antibody isotypes had a serious deficit in intracellular antibody-mediated protection. The finding that VP6-specific IgG protect mice against rotavirus infection has important implications for rotavirus vaccination. Current assays determine protection in humans predominantly by measuring rotavirus-specific IgA titres. Measurements of VP6-specific IgG may add to existing mechanistic correlates of protection.
Boundedness of minimal partial du Val resolutions of canonical surface foliations
Creators: name: Chen, Yen-An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 32M25, Secondary 14C20, 14E99

description: In this paper, we prove the boundedness of foliated surfaces $(X,\mathscr{F})$ which are minimal partial du Val resolutions of canonical models $(X_c,\mathscr{F}_c)$ of general type. For applications, we show the boundedness of non-cusp singularities on canonical models of foliated surfaces of general type and the effective generation on the complement of the cusp singularities.
description: 14 pages. Final version
Gaussian process inference modelling of dynamic robot control for expressive piano playing
Creators: name: Scimeca, Luca
name: Ng, Cheryn
name: Iida, Fumiya
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Engineering and technology
subject: FOS: Engineering and technology
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: Social sciences
subject: FOS: Social sciences
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine and health sciences

description: Piano is a complex instrument, which humans learn to play after many years of practice. This paper investigates the complex dynamics of the embodied interactions between a human and piano, in order to gain insights into the nature of humans’ physical dexterity and adaptability. In this context, the dynamic interactions become particularly crucial for delicate expressions, often present in advanced music pieces, which is the main focus of this paper. This paper hypothesises that the relationship between motor control for key-pressing and the generated sound is a manifold problem, with high-degrees of non-linearity in nature. We employ a minimalistic experimental platform based on a robotic arm equipped with a single elastic finger in order to systematically investigate the motor control and resulting outcome of piano sounds. The robot was programmed to run 3125 key-presses on a physical digital piano with varied control parameters. The obtained data was applied to a Gaussian Process (GP) inference modelling method, to train a network in terms of 10 playing styles, corresponding to different expressions generated by a Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI). By analysing the robot control parameters and the output sounds, the relationship was confirmed to be highly nonlinear, especially when the rich expressions (such as a broad range of sound dynamics) were necessary. Furthermore this relationship was difficult and time consuming to learn with linear regression models, compared to the developed GP-based approach. The performance of the robot controller was also compared to that of an experienced human player. The analysis shows that the robot is able to generate sounds closer to humans’ in some expressions, but requires additional investigations for others.
Sangeeta nigra C.A.Viraktamath 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: C. A. Viraktamath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadellidae
Sangeeta
Sangeeta nigra

description: Sangeeta nigra sp. nov.
Figs 543–552, 575, 589, 604.
 Color. Black with yellow areas. Vertex with one spot on either side of median line visible on face and median stripe black, area between them fuscous, lateral area yellow. Face yellow with a transverse band across ocelli and enclosing them, clypeus, clypellus, lora and antennal cavities, black; scape, most of pedicel yellow, apical area of pedicel fuscous, flagellum and arista dark fuscous. Pronotum black with hind margin yellow. Scutellum black with spot on lateral margin caudad of impressed line, yellowish white. Forewings black with longitudinal band on clavus, apex of clavus and area beyond it on corium and band on costal margin in apical half, white. Mesothoracic sternites and pleurites fuscous, fore tibiae light fuscous, rest of ventral area of thorax greenish yellow.
 Morphology. Pronoutm with anterior depressions rather shallow, disk without punctations. Ocelli closer to each other than to adjacent eye.
 Male genitalia. Similar to S. sadongensis (see below). Pygofer with rather obliquely truncate caudal margin, with short setae concentrated more in cauadal area, ventrally with concave excavation. Subgenital plates triangular with three stout setae arranged in row. Aedeagus with well developed dorsal apodeme and preatrium. Shaft more or less of uniform width, with lateral flange, gonopore subapcial, in cephalic view flange with angular projection at midlength of shaft. Anal collar well developed, with caudal process produced.
 Measurements. Male 4.7 mm long, 1.3 mm wide across eyes.
 Material examined. INDONESIA: HOLOTYPE ♂, Java: Gunung, Gede, 6.vii.1990, 1800–2000m, I. Dworakowska (UASB).
 Remarks. S. nigra differs from other species of Sangeeta in being black. It resembles S. sadongensis in the male genitalia but differs in having the aedeagus with a lateral flange and having an angular lateral projection at midlength of the shaft and elongate preatrium.
description: Published as part of C. A. Viraktamath, 2011, Revision of the Oriental and Australian Agalliini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Megophthalminae) 2844, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 2844 on page 109
Size-Dependent Structural and Magnetic Properties of Disordered Co2FeAl Heusler Alloy Nanoparticles
Creators: name: Ahmad, Aquil
name: Mitra, Srimanta
name: Srivastava, S. K.
name: Das, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Co2FeAl (CFA) nanoparticles (NPs) of different sizes were synthesized by chemical route. The effect of the size of NPs upon the structure and magnetization compared to its bulk counterpart was investigated. The structure and composition were determined from X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy. XRD analysis shows that the samples are having single (A2-type) disordered phase. Magnetization measurements suggest that the samples are soft ferromagnetic in nature with very low coercivity. Enhanced magnetic properties like saturation magnetization, coercive force, retentivity, and Curie-temperature are observed with a decrease in particle size. The effect of particle size on hysteresis losses is also discussed. The smallest particles of size 16 nm exhibited the highest saturation magnetization and transition temperature of 180.73 emu/g and 1261 K, respectively. The origin of enhancement in the magnetization of Co2FeAl nano-alloy is attributed to the strong Co-Co exchange interaction due to disorder present in the systems.
description: 12 pages, 6 Figures
Positively selected modifications in the pore of TbAQP2 allow pentamidine to enter Trypanosoma brucei
Creators: name: Alghamdi, Ali H
name: Munday, Jane C
name: Campagnaro, Gustavo Daniel
name: Gurvic, Dominik
name: Svensson, Fredrik
name: Okpara, Chinyere E
name: Kumar, Arvind
name: Quintana, Juan
name: Martin Abril, Maria Esther
name: Milić, Patrik
name: Watson, Laura
name: Paape, Daniel
name: Settimo, Luca
name: Dimitriou, Anna
name: Wielinska, Joanna
name: Smart, Graeme
name: Anderson, Laura F
name: Woodley, Christopher M
name: Kelly, Siu Pui Ying
name: Ibrahim, Hasan MS
name: Hulpia, Fabian
name: Al-Salabi, Mohammed I
name: Eze, Anthonius A
name: Sprenger, Teresa
name: Teka, Ibrahim A
name: Gudin, Simon
name: Weyand, Simone
name: Field, Mark
name: Dardonville, Christophe
name: Tidwell, Richard R
name: Carrington, Mark
name: O'Neill, Paul
name: Boykin, David W
name: Zachariae, Ulrich
name: De Koning, Harry P
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Research Article
Biochemistry and Chemical Biology
Microbiology and Infectious Disease
Trypanosoma brucei
aquaporin
drug transport
pentamidine
drug resistance
melarsoprol
Other

description: Funder: Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000708
description: Funder: Albaha University
description: Funder: Medical Research Council; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000265
description: Funder: Cambridge trust
description: Funder: Wellcome Trust; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100004440
description: Funder: Royal Society; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000288
description: Mutations in the Trypanosoma brucei aquaporin AQP2 are associated with resistance to pentamidine and melarsoprol. We show that TbAQP2 but not TbAQP3 was positively selected for increased pore size from a common ancestor aquaporin. We demonstrate that TbAQP2’s unique architecture permits pentamidine permeation through its central pore and show how specific mutations in highly conserved motifs affect drug permeation. Introduction of key TbAQP2 amino acids into TbAQP3 renders the latter permeable to pentamidine. Molecular dynamics demonstrates that permeation by dicationic pentamidine is energetically favourable in TbAQP2, driven by the membrane potential, although aquaporins are normally strictly impermeable for ionic species. We also identify the structural determinants that make pentamidine a permeant although most other diamidine drugs are excluded. Our results have wide-ranging implications for optimising antitrypanosomal drugs and averting cross-resistance. Moreover, these new insights in aquaporin permeation may allow the pharmacological exploitation of other members of this ubiquitous gene family.
The impact of R&D on factor-augmenting technical change- an empirical assessment at the sector level
Creators: name: Kristkova, Z. Smeets
name: Gardebroek, K.
name: Van Dijk, M.
name: Van Meijl, H.
name: Kristkova, Z. Smeets
name: Gardebroek, K.
name: Van Dijk, M.
name: Van Meijl, H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: factor-biased technical change
subject: R&D
subject: CES function
subject: production sectors
subject: GMM regression.

description: The understanding of the drivers of technological progress and their impact on food security is still limited. The paper contributes to the lacking empirical evidence on the speed of technical change affecting various sectors and production factors differently, which leads to contradicting projections of food demand in the global ex-ante assessment models. The aim of the paper is to quantify endogenous factor-augmenting technical change driven by R&D investments in a panel of 13 OECD countries over 1987-2006. A CES framework with cost minimization behavior was chosen to derive the system of equations that were estimated by GMM system estimator. Statistically significant effects of domestic and foreign manufacturing R&D were found on labor-augmenting technical change in manufacturing, agriculture, transport and retail sector. The results of this study provide a starting point for incorporating endogenous factor-biased technical change in impact assessment models aimed at policy analysis of food security.
Superionic liquids in conducting nanoslits: A variety of phase transitions and ensuing charging behavior
Creators: name: Dudka, Maxym
name: Kondrat, Svyatoslav
name: Bénichou, Olivier
name: Kornyshev, Alexei A.
name: Oshanin, Gleb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theory of charge storage in ultra-narrow slit-like pores of nano\-structured electrodes. Our analysis is based on the Blume-Capel model in external field, which we solve analytically on a Bethe lattice. The obtained solutions allow us to explore the complete phase diagram of confined ionic liquids in terms of the key parameters characterising the system, such as pore ionophilicity, interionic interaction energy and voltage. The phase diagram includes the lines of first and second-order, direct and re-entrant, phase transitions, which are manifested by singularities in the corresponding capacitance-voltage plots. To test our predictions experimentally requires mono-disperse, conducting, ultra-narrow slit pores, permitting only one layer of ions, and thick pore walls, preventing interionic interactions across the pore walls. However, some qualitative features, which distinguish the behavior of ionophilic and ionophobic pores, and its underlying physics, may emerge in future experimental studies of more complex electrode structures.