cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The magnetic characteristics of Galactic OB stars from the MiMeS survey of magnetism in massive stars
Creators: name: Wade, G. A.
name: Grunhut, J.
name: Alecian, E.
name: Neiner, C.
name: Auriere, M.
name: Bohlender, D. A.
name: David-Uraz, A.
name: Folsom, C.
name: Henrichs, H. F.
name: Kochukhov, O.
name: Mathis, S.
name: Owocki, S.
name: Petit, V.
name: Collaboration, the MiMeS
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Magnetism in Massive Stars (MiMeS) project represents the largest systematic survey of stellar magnetism ever undertaken. Based on a sample of over 550 Galactic B and O-type stars, the MiMeS project has derived the basic characteristics of magnetism in hot, massive stars. Herein we report preliminary results.
description: Proceedings of IAUS 302: Magnetic fields throughout stellar evolution
Beyond Mumford's theorem on normal surfaces
Creators: name: Tibar, Mihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Beyond normal surfaces there are several open questions concerning 2- dimensional spaces. We present some results and conjectures along this line.
Plutonium hexaboride is a correlated topological insulator
Creators: name: Deng, Xiaoyu
name: Haule, Kristjan
name: Kotliar, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict that plutonium hexaboride (PuB6) is a strongly correlated topological insulator, with Pu in an intermediate valence state of Pu^2.7+ . Within the combination of dynamical mean field theory and density functional theory, we show that PuB6 is an insulator in the bulk, with non-trivial Z2 topological invariants. Its metallic surface states have large Fermi pocket at X Dirac cones inside the bulk derived electronic states causing a large surface thermal conductivity. PuB6 has also a very high melting temperature therefore it has ideal solid state properties for a nuclear fuel material.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. References updated
Modeling and Simulation of Financial Returns under Non-Gaussian Distributions
Creators: name: De Domenico, Federica
name: Livan, Giacomo
name: Montagna, Guido
name: Nicrosini, Oreste
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the probability distribution of high-frequency financial returns is characterized by a leptokurtic, heavy-tailed shape. This behavior undermines the typical assumption of Gaussian log-returns behind the standard approach to risk management and option pricing. Yet, there is no consensus on what class of probability distributions should be adopted to describe financial returns and different models used in the literature have demonstrated, to varying extent, an ability to reproduce empirically observed stylized facts. In order to provide some clarity, in this paper we perform a thorough study of the most popular models of return distributions as obtained in the empirical analyses of high-frequency financial data. We compare the statistical properties and simulate the dynamics of non-Gaussian financial fluctuations by means of Monte Carlo sampling from the different models in terms of realistic tail exponents. Our findings show a noticeable consistency between the considered return distributions in the modeling of the scaling properties of large price changes. We also discuss the convergence rate to the asymptotic distributions of the non-Gaussian stochastic processes and we study, as a first example of possible applications, the impact of our results on option pricing in comparison with the standard Black and Scholes approach.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
How does God answer back?
Creators: name: Bender, Courtney
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Religion

description: A central question in the study of prayer is how people determine God’s response. Much of the literature in cognition and religion answers this question by using a particular understanding of the divine agent (God), as superhuman, agentic, transcendent, and anthropomorphic. But not all religious traditions articulate the divine in this way, and religious people do not pray to abstractions or general ideas. This paper takes seriously the consideration that people pray to divine interlocutors whom they understand and experience as
having specific capacities and interests, which are shaped both in practice and in theological traditions. Different types of divinities demand different kinds of listening on the part of those who pray, and religious traditions are active producers of different religious schema that shape cognitive possibilities for hearing the divine. This essay explores how some modern Americans are taught to listen for and hear the response of an immanent, non-anthropomorphic God. It explores the practices and techniques through which individuals learn to hear God, and considers the implications for cognitive studies of religion. It argues that scholars concerned about religion and cognitions should pay more attention to the specific practices that emanate from and reproduce dissimilar theological understandings of God.
title: Children's Understanding of Compositionality of Complex Numerals
Creators: name: Hwang, Jihyun
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Counting is the first formal exposure for children to learn numerals, which are constructed with a set of syntactic rules. Young children undergo many stages of rote-memorization of the sequence and eventually count through 100. What core knowledge is necessary to expand their number knowledge to higher numbers? The compositionality of numerals is a key to understanding the natural number system as in learning languages. Higher numbers (e.g., two hundred five) are constructed with the lexical items such as earlier numbers (e.g., one to nine) and multipliers. If children develop their understanding of the compositionality of numerals, they might comprehend complex numerals far beyond their count list. In a novel task, the Number Word Comparison task, we tested whether children’s skill to compare the ones (e.g., five versus eight) can extend to complex numerals (e.g., two hundred five versus two hundred eight). Sixty-eight preschoolers completed three tasks, which measured counting fluency, number word comparison skills, and their cardinal principle knowledge. Children who were capable of comparing the ones performed above chance on average in comparing complex numerals. The performance in comparing complex numerals was strongly associated with their counting fluency. Based on these empirical results, we discuss a linguistic account of number acquisition in early childhood, proposing a link between learning the syntax of numerals and understanding the meaning behind them.
Bruised necks and crumpled petticoats: What’s left of myth in contemporary Greek women’s poetry
Creators: name: Van Dyck, Karen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1996
Subjects: Poetry
Greek poetry, Modern
Women poets, Greek
Mythology, Greek

description: For the most part contemporary Greek women poets seem suspicious of relying on classical myth. It is not that myth cannot be found in their poetry, but that by looking for it, by always trying to salvage myth, to uncover the submerged Homeric plot, we neglect to ask why it is so submerged, and what its disappearance makes room for. In such archaeological attempts to reconstruct what has been lost, we neglect to see how important the dismissal of myth and its unifying explanations may be.
Moving from Face-to Face to WEB data collection: Some key challenges for ESS and GGS
Creators: name: Liefbroer, Aart
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The presentation, prepared for the ODISSEI Task Insights meeting of September 29th, 2022, outlines the key challenges and next steps with the Dutch implementation of the European Social Survey (ESS) and the Generations and Gender Survey (GGS)
Cryogenic Strain Application to Two-Dimensional Electron Systems and the Stripe State
Creators: name: McGuyer, Bart Hunter
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2006
Subjects: two dimensional electron systems
anisotropic transport
quantum Hall effect
Physics

description: Electrons confined to move in a plane are collectively known as a two-dimensional electron system (2DES). Engineered GaAs/AlGaAs samples are grown to create 2DESs between internal layers. At very low temperatures and in the presence of a large perpendicular magnetic field, 2DESs have lead to the discovery of striking new physics such as the various quantum Hall effects and a recently discovered anisotropic state. Characterized by a large difference between conduction along two orthogonal in-plane crystal axes, the anisotropic state is referred to as the stripe state due to the suspicion of electron density stripe pattern formation. We present progress towards probing the physics of the stripe state through in situ application of strain on GaAs/AlGaAs samples using commercial piezo-actuators. This experiment will provide further insight into the orientational mechanism that serves to align the stripe state anisotropy axes.
title: Slow Wave Sleep in Naps Supports Episodic Memories in Early Childhood
Creators: name: Lokhandwala, Sanna
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Naps have been shown to benefit declarative memories in early childhood. This benefit has been associated with sleep spindles during the nap. However, whether young children’s naps and their accompanying physiology benefit other forms of declarative learning is unknown. Using a novel storybook task, we found performance was better following a nap compared to performance following an equivalent interval spent awake. Moreover, performance was better the following day if a nap followed learning. Further, change in post-nap performance was positively associated to the amount of time spent in slow wave sleep. This suggests that slow wave sleep in naps may support episodic memory consolidation in early childhood. Taken in conjunction with prior work, these results suggest that multiple features of brain physiology during naps may contribute to declarative memory processing in early childhood.
Bring Back the Noise: How Cariou v. Prince Will Revitalize Sampling
Creators: name: Azran, Julian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Copyright infringement
subject: Sampling (Sound)
subject: Appropriation (Art)
subject: Fair use (Copyright)
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Music
subject: Intellectual property

description: In 1988, John Carlin argued in an article in this Journal that fair use should be extended to cover works of appropriation art so as to protect appropriative artists from claims of copyright infringement. He wrote that “[a]n extension of fair use to cover artistic use through Appropriation would not compromise either the underlying logic of copyright law, or the intent of Congress in creating a legislative exception to copyright monopoly in the fair use doctrine.” In 1992, artist Jeff Koons unsuccessfully argued that one of his sculptures, which borrowed heavily from a photograph he purchased in a card shop, was fair use. But in 1994, the Supreme Court ruled that works of appropriation art do not inherently infringe on the original author’s copyright. Since then, courts have moved towards embracing Carlin’s view that copyright should encourage appropriation art by accepting such art as fair use, not condemn it by finding such art to be infringement. The most recent development came from the Second Circuit in Cariou v. Prince, where the court of appeals embraced perhaps the most expansive interpretation of fair use of any court yet. Up to this point, however, these cases have only involved visual art. This Note seeks to track the progress that courts have made towards accepting appropriation art as fair use and argues that the reasoning from recent cases dealing with visual art can also be applied to music.
title: Factors Influencing Stopover and Movement of Migratory Songbirds within the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge
Creators: name: Tatten, Jessica
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: Most migrating songbirds are required to stopover to rest and replenish their fat reserves, and suitable stopover habitat is vitally important to their survival and success securing territories at their breeding and wintering grounds. Identifying and protecting stopover locations and movement corridors is essential to connecting all life stages of these species, yet there remain significant knowledge gaps regarding the utilization of stopover sites and fine-scale movements during migration, particularly at inland stopover areas. We investigated the factors that influence stopover duration and migration rate of ten migratory songbirds within the Silvio O. Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge in the Northeastern United States during two fall and spring seasons in 2015 and 2016 at 5 banding sites using automated telemetry. We expected that fat and mass would influence stopover duration and migration rate, in that birds with larger fat stores and greater masses would make shorter stopovers, and migrate faster than leaner birds. We also expected that birds would move faster in spring, and minimize time later in the season, by making shorter stopovers and migrating faster as the season progresses. A lower percentage of our focal species departed the banding sites within 24 hours compared to other studies in coastal and urban sites, indicating that more birds made stopovers. Sixteen percent of birds made prolonged stopovers (> 7 days) in spring, and 38 % in fall, highlighting the importance of the refuge for long term refueling. Spring birds made shorter stopovers, and traveled at faster rates than fall birds, suggesting there is may be more pressure for early arrival at breeding grounds. Spring birds captured with significant fat loads made shorter stopovers, and traveled faster than leaner birds. Spring birds also appeared to employ a time minimization strategy, with birds captured later in the season making shorter stopovers. Migration rate of spring birds decreased with distance from the capture site, indicating many birds needed to make additional stopovers. Fall birds that made longer stopovers migrated at faster rates. Fall birds captured later in the season made longer stopovers, and subsequently traveled at faster rates once they departed to possibly minimize time on migration. Variation in stopover behavior was evident among sites and species and this may suggest habitat or site characteristics that affect their value for migrating birds, which should be taken into consideration when conservation planning or vulnerable species. The extensive use of this inland National fish and wildlife refuge by migratory birds, and the fact that birds are acquiring energy reserves that are facilitating successful migration suggests this region is an important corridor for migrating songbirds.
Unidentified species in envelopes around carbon stars
Creators: name: Jiang, Biwei
name: Li, Aigen
name: Zhang, Ke
name: Liu, Jiaming
name: Gao, Jian
name: Mishra, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The infrared (IR) spectra of many evolved carbon-rich stars exhibit two prominent dust emission features peaking around 21um and 30um, with the former exclusively seen in proto-planetary nebulae (PPNe), while the latter seen in a much wider range of objects, including AGB stars, PPNe and planetary nebulae (PNe). The 30um feature is seen in all the 21um sources, but no correlation is found between these two features. Over a dozen carrier candidates have been proposed for the 21um feature, but none of them has been widely accepted and the nature of the 21um feature remains a mystery. The carrier of the 30um feature also remains unidentied. MgS dust, once widely accepted as a valid carrier, was ruled out because of the sulfur budget problem. In this work we examine nano-sized FeO dust as a carrier for the 21um feature. We calculate the IR emission spectrum of FeO nanodust which undergoes single-photon heating in PPNe. It is found that the 21um feature emitted by FeO nanodust is too broad to explain the observed feature. For the 30um feature, we argue that graphite could be a viable carrier. Graphite, provided its d.c. conductivity sigma_dc exceeding 100/ohm/cm, exhibits a pronounced band at 30um.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, to appear in the IAUS297 proceeding
title: Liebe Landsleute! Während in andere Theile unseres deutschen Vaterlandes Ruhe und Ordnung zurückkehren und die Beschlüsse der verfassungsgebenden Reichsversammlung über die Grundrechte als eine Bürgschaft begrüßt worden sind, ...; [1848]
title: [Frankfurt a. M. den 30. October 1848]
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Fuchs, Carl
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2018

description: Kopftitel
Avant-garde translation: a conversation with Diamanda Galás
Creators: name: Van Dyck, Karen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2000
Subjects: Performing arts
Performance art
Translating and interpreting
Translating and interpreting--Social aspects
Greek language, Modern
Greek literature

description: An interview with Diamanda Galás about her performances--embued with an intercultural and multilingual sensibility and informed by her Greek family's cultural heritage.
The Homophonic Imagination: On Translating Modern Greek Poetry
Creators: name: Van Dyck, Karen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Poetry
Greek poetry, Modern
Poetry--Translating
Greek language, Modern
Translating and interpreting
Translating and interpreting--Social aspects

description: To focus on the sound of the source text is to run counter to the dominant translation strategy, which focuses on meaning. This is true more generally, but also in the case of Modern Greek poetry. Translations such as those by Edmund Keeley and Phillip Sherrard introduced the poetry of C. P. Cavafy, George Seferis, Odysseas Elytes and Yannis Ritsos in an idiom that reads easily in English and makes the living tradition of myth and history readily available to an Anglophone audience. The Greek tradition, with its notion that sound is meaning, complicates the picture. It is not that sound doesn't have meaning in British and American poetry. But in the Greek case, meter isn't imagined as additional information that situates the poem in a tradition and a culture; it is seen as the very stuff of political and historical consciousness. From the nineteenth-century national anthem of Dionysis Solomos to the prose poems of a contemporary poet such as Jenny Mastoraki, meter and rhyme are integrally related to the project of nation-making that began with the War of Independence in the 1820s and ended with the recent economic and political crisis.
O'ZBEKISTON IQTISODIYOTIGA KIRITILGAN XORIJIY INVESTITSIYALARNING ASOSIY YO'NALISHLARI VA ULARNING O'ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARI
Creators: name: Abduraxmonov, Azizbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Ushbu maqolada, Yangi O'zbekiston iqtisodiyotiga kiritilayotgan xorijiy investitsiyalarning asosiy yo'nalishlari va ularning o'ziga xos xususiyatlari talqin qilingan. Bunda asosiy e'tibor innovatsion iqtisodiyot sharoitida milliy iqtisodiyotni jadal rivojlantirish, ishlab chiqarishda innovatsiyalarni joriy etishda xorijiy investitsiyalarning ishtirokini ta'minlashni oshirish kabi ustuvor vazifalar keltirib o'tilgan.
PSyclone: A code generation and transformation system for weather and climate DSLs
Creators: name: Siso, Sergi
name: Ford, Rupert
name: Porter, Andy
name: Kavcic, Iva
name: Maynard, Chris
name: Joerg Henrichs
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: PSyclone DSL ESiWACE Exascale Fortran HPC Performance

description: Ateliers de Modélisation de l'Atmosphère, Centre International de Conférences de Météo-France à Toulouse, 8th -10th June 2022. An invited presentation on the current status of PSyclone. Introduces the lfric, nemo and gocean APIs and their capabilities along with the underlying PSyclone intermediate representation (PSyIR).
Maximum likelihood versus likelihood-free quantum system identification in the atom maser
Creators: name: Catana, Catalin
name: Kypraios, Theodore
name: Guta, Madalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the system identification problem of estimating a dynamical parameter of a Markovian quantum open system (the atom maser), by performing continuous time measurements in the system's output (outgoing atoms). Two estimation methods are investigated and compared. On the one hand, the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) takes into account the full measurement data and is asymptotically optimal in terms of its mean square error. On the other hand, the `likelihood-free' method of approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) produces an approximation of the posterior distribution for a given set of summary statistics, by sampling trajectories at different parameter values and comparing them with the measurement data via chosen statistics. Our analysis is performed on the atom maser model, which exhibits interesting features such as bistability and dynamical phase transitions, and has connections with the classical theory of hidden Markov processes. Building on previous results which showed that atom counts are poor statistics for certain values of the Rabi angle, we apply MLE to the full measurement data and estimate its Fisher information. We then select several correlation statistics such as waiting times, distribution of successive identical detections, and use them as input of the ABC algorithm. The resulting posterior distribution follows closely the data likelihood, showing that the selected statistics contain `most' statistical information about the Rabi angle.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures
Radiosensitization of melanoma cells through combined inhibition of protein regulators of cell survival
Creators: name: Johnson, Geoffrey E.
name: Ivanov, Vladimir N.
name: Hei, Tom K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Oncology
Cytology
Biochemistry

description: The incidence of melanoma continues to dramatically increase in most Western countries with predominantly Caucasian populations. However, only limited therapies for the metastatic stage of the disease are currently available. The main purpose of this study is to determine approaches that can substantially increase radiosensitivity of melanoma cells. The PI3K-AKT, NF-κB and COX-2 pathways, which are involved in the radioprotective response, are highly active in melanoma cells. Pharmacological suppression of COX-2 and PI3K-AKT, or RNAi-mediated knockdown of COX-2, substantially increased levels of G2/M arrest of the cell cycle and decreased clonogenic survival of gamma-irradiated melanomas, predominantly via a necrotic mechanism. On the other hand, resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin, selectively targets numerous cell signaling pathways, decreasing clonogenic survival primarily via an apoptotic mechanism. In melanoma cells, resveratrol inhibits STAT3 and NF-κB-dependent transcription, culminating in suppression of cFLIP and Bcl-xL expression, while activating the MAPK- and the ATM-Chk2-p53 pathways. Resveratrol also upregulates TRAIL promoter activity and induces TRAIL surface expression in some melanoma cell lines, resulting in a rapid development of apoptosis. Sequential treatment of melanoma cells, first with γ-irradiation to upregulate TRAIL-R surface expression, and then with resveratrol to suppress antiapoptotic proteins cFLIP and Bcl-xL and induce TRAIL surface expression, had dramatic effects on upregulation of apoptosis in some melanoma lines, including SW1 and WM35. However, for melanoma lines exhibiting suppressed translocation of TRAIL to the cell surface, a necrotic mechanism of cell death was primarily involved in radiation response. Hence, surface expression of TRAIL induced by resveratrol appears to be a decisive event, one which determines an apoptotic versus a necrotic response of melanoma cells to sequential treatment.
Transverse Photonic Doppler Velocimetry for Plate Impact Experiments
Creators: name: Bischann, Moriah Nicole
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 2017
Subjects: high strain rate
high pressure
Materials Science
shock waves
Interferometry
plate impact

description: High-pressure shock waves propagate in materials when automobiles collide, projectiles impact against bunkers, and mining charges detonate beneath Earth's surface. It is difficult to quantify the behavior of materials experiencing such sudden and high pressures. Specialized interferometry techniques have enabled the study of rapid, high-strain-rate deformation during controlled plate impact testing.

Transverse motion during plate impact experiments is currently measured with the transverse displacement interferometer (TDI). However, the TDI does not take advantage of modern telecommunications technology and data analysis techniques that allow for the measurement of high velocities (in the km/s range) with fine time resolution. We designed and developed a transverse photonic Doppler velocimetry (TPDV) technique for plate impact experiments based entirely on fiber optic components. The TPDV system uses light diffracted from a grating to capture transverse motion. This signal is frequency upshifted to achieve more fringes per unit time. Data is analyzed using spectral analysis techniques to detect micrometer displacements on a nanosecond to microsecond timescale.

We demonstrated the TPDV technique's capabilities with normal impact of single crystalline y-cut alpha-quartz against borosilicate. We simultaneously collected photonic Doppler velocimetry (PDV) measurements of longitudinal displacements.  Finally, we compared our longitudinal and transverse experimental results to theoretical calculations. Our data's orthogonal velocity jumps showed that the TPDV technique accurately detected transient velocities and the magnitudes of longitudinal and shear waves.

Our TPDV technique will facilitate the study of deformation and failure of materials during normal and pressure-shear plate impact. Comprehending shock-wave dominated deformation in materials is important for the design of aerospace structures, understanding planetary impact, and creating shock-mitigating materials.
Beyond Gaussian Noise: A Generalized Approach to Likelihood Analysis with non-Gaussian Noise
Creators: name: Legin, Ronan
name: Adam, Alexandre
name: Hezaveh, Yashar
name: Levasseur, Laurence Perreault
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Likelihood analysis is typically limited to normally distributed noise due to the difficulty of determining the probability density function of complex, high-dimensional, non-Gaussian, and anisotropic noise. This is a major limitation for precision measurements in many domains of science, including astrophysics, for example, for the analysis of the Cosmic Microwave Background, gravitational waves, gravitational lensing, and exoplanets. This work presents Score-based LIkelihood Characterization (SLIC), a framework that resolves this issue by building a data-driven noise model using a set of noise realizations from observations. We show that the approach produces unbiased and precise likelihoods even in the presence of highly non-Gaussian correlated and spatially varying noise. We use diffusion generative models to estimate the gradient of the probability density of noise with respect to data elements. In combination with the Jacobian of the physical model of the signal, we use Langevin sampling to produce independent samples from the unbiased likelihood. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method using real data from the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures
Nonlinear hyperspectral unmixing with robust nonnegative matrix factorization
Creators: name: Févotte, Cédric
name: Dobigeon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces a robust mixing model to describe hyperspectral data resulting from the mixture of several pure spectral signatures. This new model not only generalizes the commonly used linear mixing model, but also allows for possible nonlinear effects to be easily handled, relying on mild assumptions regarding these nonlinearities. The standard nonnegativity and sum-to-one constraints inherent to spectral unmixing are coupled with a group-sparse constraint imposed on the nonlinearity component. This results in a new form of robust nonnegative matrix factorization. The data fidelity term is expressed as a beta-divergence, a continuous family of dissimilarity measures that takes the squared Euclidean distance and the generalized Kullback-Leibler divergence as special cases. The penalized objective is minimized with a block-coordinate descent that involves majorization-minimization updates. Simulation results obtained on synthetic and real data show that the proposed strategy competes with state-of-the-art linear and nonlinear unmixing methods.
Additional file 1 of Galectin-1 promotes gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis through peritoneal fibrosis
Creators: name: Shen, Xianhe
name: Liu, Huilan
name: Zhou, Haihua
name: Cheng, Zhiyi
name: Liu, Guiyuan
name: Huang, Chuanjiang
name: Dou, Rongrong
name: Liu, Fuxing
name: You, Xiaolan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
METHODS OF EDUCATION IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A  GROUP OF STUDENTS
Creators: name: TAFU teacher Bovanova Umida Abduvahobovna TAFU student Farmonova Ezoza Furqatovna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article is dedicated to methods, recommendations and solutions for improving the quality of educational methods in the development of the student team and strengthening the team in the classroom.
Key words:
 team, members, idea, thought, choice, individual, social, activity, development, education, interest, process, passion, interest, aspiration
PROTOCOLO DE ATENÇÃO EM SAÚDE BUCAL DO MUNICIPIO DE BELÉM
Creators: name: Mello, Ceci Baker de
name: Casseb, Tamiris Faro
name: Godinho, Patrícia
name: Siqueira, Mayra Rolla
name: Júnior, Aluísio Celestino
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Protocolo de Saúde Bucal da Secretaria Municipal de Belém (SESMA)
Stability of persistent currents in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Yakimenko, A. I.
name: Isaieva, K. O.
name: Vilchinskii, S. I.
name: Weyrauch, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by a recent experiment [S. Beattie, S. Moulder, R. J. Fletcher, and Z. Hadzibabic, PRL 110, 025301 (2013)] we study the superflow of atomic spinor Bose-Einstein condensates optically trapped in a ring-shaped geometry. Within a dissipative mean-field approach we simulate a two-component condensate in conditions adapted to the experiment. In qualitative agreement with the experimental findings, we observe persistent currents, if the spin-population imbalance is above some well-defined `critical' value. The triply charged vortices decay in quantized steps. The vortex lines escape from the center of the ring through dynamically created regions in the condensate annulus with reduced density of one component filled by atoms of the other component. The vortices then leave the ring-shaped high density region of the condensate and finally decay into elementary excitations.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Investigation of nonlinear effects in Josephson parametric oscillators used in circuit QED
Creators: name: Krantz, Philip
name: Reshitnyk, Yarema
name: Wustmann, Waltraut
name: Bylander, Jonas
name: Gustavsson, Simon
name: Oliver, William D.
name: Duty, Timothy
name: Shumeiko, Vitaly
name: Delsing, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study the behavior of a parametrically pumped nonlinear oscillator, which is based on a superconducting λ/4 resonator, and is terminated by a flux-tunable SQUID. We extract parameters for two devices. In particular, we study the effect of the nonlinearities in the system and compare to theory. The Duffing nonlinearity, α, is determined from the probe-power dependent frequency shift of the oscillator, and the nonlinearity, β, related to the parametric flux pumping, is determined from the pump amplitude for the onset of parametric oscillations. Both nonlinearities depend on the parameters of the device and can be tuned in-situ by the applied dc flux. We also suggest how to cancel the effect of βby adding a small dc flux and a pump tone at twice the pump frequency.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures
Observation of Weak Kondo Effect and Angle Dependent Magnetoresistance in Layered Antiferromagnetic V$_5$S$_8$ Single Crystal
Creators: name: Kar, Indrani
name: Routh, Sayan
name: Ghorai, Soumya
name: Purwar, Shubham
name: Thirupathaiah, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compound V$_5$S$_8$ can also be represented by V$_{1.25}$S$_2$, a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) with excess V. Very few TMDCs show magnetism and/or Kondo effect. Among them, the sister compounds VSe$_2$ and VTe$_2$ are recently proved to show ferromagnetism in addition to the low-temperature resistivity upturn due to Kondo effect. In this study, we show Kondo effect in V$_5$S$_8$ originated from the antiferromagnetic exchange interactions among the intercalated V atoms below the N$\acute{e}$el ($T_N$) temperature of 27 K. We find isotropic magnetic properties above $T_N$, while a strong magnetic anisotropy is noticed below $T_N$. In addition, below $T_N$ we find an out-of-plane ($H\parallel c$) spin-flop transition triggered at a critical field of 3.5 T that is absent from the in-plane ($H\perp c$). Angle-dependent magnetoresistance is found to be highly anisotropic in the antiferromagnetic state.
title: Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for the Estimation of Beam Corrosion of Steel Bridge Girders
Creators: name: Pryor, Gabrielle
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2021

description: The transportation infrastructure in the United States is a complex system that is vital to the everyday operations of the country. Bridges are a significant asset of this network, with many of them approaching the end of their service life. Corrosion is a common cause of deterioration which ultimately results to structural deficiency for the aging bridges. The deterioration rate is a multi-aspect factor that makes bridge inspections crucial. However, the current bridge inspections are very costly and potentially unsafe for the involved personnel. To lower costs and increase safety, many state DOT’s and universities have decided to perform research on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), or drones. This thesis explores the implementation of drone technology in bridge inspections and investigates their limits for corrosion detection and estimation. The first part of this thesis summarizes the responses obtained from a questionnaire sent to the personnel from the Massachusetts Department of Transportation (MassDOT). The second and third parts of this thesis summarizes how states have utilized UAVs for bridge inspections, including the selected drones and the attached equipment. The last part presents technologies that can be used to detect and measure corrosion, and how they can be used in conjunction with drones to quantify section loss of steel beams.
The Future of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Concerns for Transparency and Governance
Creators: name: Ito, Takatoshi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Finance
Banks and banking

description: China has proposed the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), initiating a key turning point in the international finance system. Unfortunately, its design at present is quite problematic, for several reasons: it limits participation by Western countries, effectively locking in China as the undisputed leader; the lack of a Board of Directors in residence; the potential for a conflict of interest if the AIIB will fund projects within China; the potential of China to use AIIB for political purposes; the relationship the AIIB will have with already-existing international financial institutions; and the potential for a weakening of “best practices” in order to compete against the other international finance institutions. For these reasons, it was the right decision for Japan not to join as a charter member in order to negotiate the MOU; nevertheless, Japan should maintain the option of joining the AIIB in order to have leverage over the architecture of the AIIB.
Sub-to-super-Poissonian photon statistics in cathodoluminescence of color center ensembles in isolated diamond crystals
Creators: name: Fiedler, Saskia
name: Morozov, Sergii
name: Komisar, Danylo
name: Ekimov, Evgeny A.
name: Kulikova, Liudmila F.
name: Davydov, Valery A.
name: Agafonov, Viatcheslav N.
name: Kumar, Shailesh
name: Wolff, Christian
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Impurity-vacancy centers in diamond offer a new class of robust photon sources with versatile quantum properties. While individual color centers commonly act as single-photon sources, their ensembles have been theoretically predicted to have tunable photon-emission statistics. Importantly, the particular type of excitation affects the emission properties of a color center ensemble within a diamond crystal. While optical excitation favors non-synchronized excitation of color centers within an ensemble, electron-beam excitation can synchronize the emitters and thereby provides a control of the second-order correlation function $g_2(0)$. In this letter, we demonstrate experimentally that the photon stream from an ensemble of color centers can exhibit $g_2(0)$ both above and below unity. Such a photon source based on an ensemble of few color centers in a diamond crystal provides a highly tunable platform for informational technologies operating at room temperature.
Climate Change and International Peace and Security: Possible Roles for the U.N. Security Council in Addressing Climate Change
Creators: name: Warren, Phillip Dane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Environmental law, International
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992 May 9)
Environmental law
Climatic changes
International law

description: This paper considers what actions the United Nations Security Council has taken with regard to climate change thus far, and what actions the Security Council could legally take going forward. To this point, the U.N. Security Council (“UNSC” or “Council”) has played a very minimal role in addressing climate change. The UNSC has held two debates on the relationship between climate change and security, first in 2007 and then in 2011, the latter producing a formal Presidential Statement on the topic. The U.N. Charter and the literature suggest that the UNSC could theoretically take two possible actions related to climate change: (1) handle discrete, traditional conflicts partially or wholly caused by climate change; (2) find that climate change represents a “threat to international peace and security”, placing the topic within the mandate of the Council, and employ its Chapter VI and VII powers to mitigate or adapt to climate change. This memorandum focuses primarily on the second, more controversial option, which could include the imposition of economic sanctions, the creation of a subsidiary climate change committee, and even the use of force.
Recovering the chiral critical end-point via delocalization of quark interactions
Creators: name: Benic, S.
name: Horvatic, D.
name: Klaric, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for the lower branch of the quark condensate and values higher than approximately $-(250 \, \mathrm{MeV})^3$ the chiral critical end-point in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model does not occur in the phase diagram. By using lattice motivated non-local quark interactions, we demonstrate that the critical end-point can be recovered. We study this behavior for a range of condensate values and find that the variation in the position of the critical end-point is more pronounced as the condensate is increased.
description: title changed, minor changes in text, version to match the one published in PRD
Sub-millimeter observations of IRAS and WISE debris disk candidates
Creators: name: Bulger, J.
name: Hufford, T.
name: Schneider, A.
name: Patience, J.
name: Song, I.
name: De Rosa, R. J.
name: Rajan, A.
name: Dowell, C. D.
name: McCarthy, D.
name: Kulesa, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of six debris disk candidates identified with IRAS or WISE excesses were observed at either 350 um or 450 um with the CSO. Five of the targets - HIP 51658, HIP 68160, HIP 73512, HIP 76375, and HIP 112460 - have among the largest measured excess emission from cold dust from IRAS in the 25-100 um bands. Single temperature blackbody fits to the excess dust emission of these sources predict 350-450 um fluxes above 240 mJy. The final target - HIP 73165 - exhibits weak excess emission above the stellar photosphere from WISE measurements at 22 um, indicative of a population of warm circumstellar dust. None of the six targets were detected, with 3 sigma upper limits ranging from 51-239 mJy. These limits are significantly below the expected fluxes from SED fitting. Two potential causes of the null detections were explored - companion stars and contamination. To investigate the possible influence of companion stars, imaging data were analyzed from new AO data from the MMT and archival HST, NIRI, and POSS/2MASS data. The images are sensitive to all stellar companions beyond a radius of 1-94 AU. One target is identified as a binary system, but with a separation too large to impact the disk. While the gravitational effects of a companion do not appear to provide an explanation for the submm upper limits, the majority of the IRAS excess targets show evidence for contaminating sources, based on investigation of higher resolution WISE and archival Spitzer and Herschel images. Finally, the exploratory submm measurements of the WISE excess source suggest that the hot dust present around these targets is not matched by a comparable population of colder, outer dust. More extensive and more sensitive Herschel observations of WISE excess sources will build upon this initial example to further define the characteristics of warm debris disks sources.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Technology Transfer and Dissemination Under the UNFCCC: Achievements and New Perspectives
Creators: name: Chuffart, Stephanie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental law
Climatic changes
Technology transfer--Law and legislation

description: Response to climate change will critically depend on the cost, performance, and availability of technologies that can lower emissions, mitigate, and adapt to climate change. Technological innovation can furthermore lower the cost of achieving environmental objectives. However, data from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice flag that although issues of technology transfer have been central to the UNFCCC since the negotiation of the Convention, there is still an urgent need for effective environmental technology diffusion. Building upon lessons learned from technology transfer activities under the Clean Development Mechanism and the Global Environment Facility, the white paper suggests three possible solutions for enhanced environmental technology diffusion within the UNFCCC regime. First, I advocate in favor of a simplification of the transfer scheme within the Convention’s bodies, in order to save resources and better allocate responsibilities. Second, I make some recommendations with respect to technology transfer through the Green Climate Fund. Third, I suggest that the creation of an environmental patents’ pool would help to ensure access to key environmental technologies. To this respect, I conclude that in order to ensure the full participation of the private sector, right holders should be paid a fair royalty. Therefore, I recommend a model where rights would be bought out and then made available to Parties through a patent pool.
Envisioning Resilient Electrical Infrastructure: A Policy Framework for Incorporating Future Climate Change into Electricity Sector Planning
Creators: name: Nierop, Sam C. A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental law
Electricity
Strategic planning--Environmental aspects
Climatic changes
Public policy (Law)

description: Climate change needs to be incorporated in future designs of the electricity sector. This paper argues for a policy framework in which utilities take the lead by performing an electrical climate change impact assessment that evaluates to what extent utilities’ electrical assets are vulnerable to future climate change. Based on this assessment, electrical climate change adaptation plans should be formulated by the utility in cooperation with utility regulators, municipalities and supralocal governments. A collaborative process is essential, because adaptation measures need to be tailored to the regional circumstances and many types of adaptation measures require governmental approval. In order for the most sustainable and cost-efficient measures to be selected, cooperation between governments, utilities and utility regulators is necessary.