Iphisa surui Albano & Mello & Recoder & Fouquet & Rodrigues & Nunes 2024, sp.nov.
Creators: name: Albano, Anna V.
name: Mello
name: Recoder, Renato S.
name: Fouquet, Antoine
name: Rodrigues, Miguel T.
name: Nunes, Pedro M. S.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gymnophthalmidae
Iphisa
Iphisa surui

description: Iphisa surui sp.nov.
(Fig. 7D); OTUs 2 and 3
Zoobank registration: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: F807946E-5753-44F8-BA45-AE5072816747
Etymology: Name in apposition. The name honours Ivaneide Bandeira Cardozo, also known as Neidinha Suruí, indigenist and directoroftheKanindéEthno-environmentalDefenceAssociation. As an amazon defender, Ivaneide Bandeira Cardozo fights in defence of the forest and indigenous peoples. In addition, the name honours the Paiter-Suruí ethnic group, who live on the border between the states of Mato Grosso and Rondônia (Brazil), where this species occurs. Suruí can mean, in Tupi, ‘river that slides’).
Iphisa elegans (‘Candidate species I’): Nunes et al. 2012: (part:
361–376p);
Iphisa elegans (part): Harvey 1998: p. 148; Dirksen and De La Riva 1999: p 202, Goicoechea et al. 2016: p. 631; Ribeiro-Júnior et al. 2017: pp. 169–170.
Holotype: UFMT 10126 (field number LTJV 60) from the municipality of Vilhena, Rondônia state, Brazil, 12° 44ʹ 15.9″ S, 60° 10ʹ 12.3″ W; seasonal semideciduous forest. Collected on 25 October 2007 by D. Morais.
Paratypes: Brazil: Mato Grosso: Apiacás: MZUSP 81634, UFMT 7242, UFMT 9399; Aripuanã: MZUSP 82655, MZUSP 82656, MZUSP 82669; Colniza: UFMT 7843, UFMT 7858; Jauru: UFMT 2843, UFMT 2844; Nova Bandeirantes: UFMT 5959, UFMT 5962, UFMT 6762, UFMT 6787, UFMT 6789; Vale de São Domingos (UHE Guaporé): PUCRS 14062, PUCRS 14068, UFMT 867; Rondônia: Vilhena: CHUNB 11457, CHUNB 11458, CHUNB 11459.
Diagnosis: (i) Femoral pores frequently absent in females (0–20 pores, modal value = 0; absent in 88%); (ii) seven supralabials (95%), with fifth supralabial being the largest (95%) and third and fourth under the eye (95%); (iii) prefrontal present (91%); (iv) hemipenial morphotype 1; and (v) the smallest species in the genus; largest male SVL 51.3 mm; largest female SVL 51.6 mm.
Description of the holotype (Fig. 8): Adult male. Snout–vent length 41.3 mm. Rostral broad, visible from above, width two times height, contacting first supralabial, nasal and frontonasal. Frontonasal as wide as rostral, contacting rostral, nasal, loreal, prefrontals and frontal. Prefrontals paired, roughly triangular, separated by the slight contact between frontonasal and frontal; contacting loreal, first and second supraocular, frontal and frontonasal. Frontal roughly heptagonal, length two times width; in contact with prefrontals, second supraocular and frontoparietal and in narrow anterior contact with frontonasal separating prefrontals. Frontoparietals paired, pentagonal, slightly larger than prefrontals, contacting second and third supraocular, frontal, parietal and interparietal. Interparietal length two times width, as long as and slightly narrower than parietal; in contact with frontoparietals, parietals and the first pair of dorsal scales. Parietals roughly hexagonal, laterally in contact with three temporals, anteriorly contacting third supraocular and frontoparietal, medially in contact with interparietal, and posteriorly in contact with the first dorsal scale. Three supraoculars: first the smallest; second the largest and in broad contact with frontal; the third supraocular is of medium size, in broad contact with frontoparietal. Nasal above first supralabial, wider anteriorly, nostril in the lower portion of the scale; in contact with first supralabial, frenocular, loreal, frontonasal and rostral. Loreal posterior to nasal, smaller, narrower, and diagonally oriented; contacting posteriorly the first superciliary, preocular and frenocular. Frenocular below and smaller than loreal, contacting nasal, loreal, first superciliar, preocular, subocular, and above in broad contact with second supralabial and slight contact with first supralabial. Seven supralabials: fifth the largest, in contact with suboculars and two temporals on the left, and with one temporal on the right; third and fourth supralabials under the eye; seventh the smallest, contacting granules around the tympanum and two temporal scales. Medial region of eyelid with a semitransparent undivided disc surrounded by granular smooth scales. Lower eyelid with eight strongly pigmented palpebrals. Four superciliaries: first the largest, wider anteriorly, contacting first and second supraocular, second superciliar, preocular, loreal and eyelid. Temporals irregular in size and shape. Ear opening surrounded by a series of very small and juxtaposed irregular granules; tympanum ovoid and recessed. Lateral surface of neck with smooth, imbricate and larger dorsal scales. Head scales smooth and juxtaposed with scattered sensorial organs. Mental broad, width two times length, contacting postmental and first infralabial. Postmental heptagonal, larger than mental, contacting mental, first and second infralabials and the first pair of chin shields. Two pairs of chin shields: the first very large, length almost two times width, occupying more than half of ventral region of head, contacting second, third and fourth infralabials; the second pair much smaller, contacting fourth and fifth infralabials, totally separated by first pair of gular scales. Six infralabials: third the longest; sixth smaller, contacting granules of tympanic region. Eight pairs of transverse smooth, intercalated, imbricate, shielded and rounded gular scales, followed by five interbrachial region distinct and irregular, with three scales larger than gular scales. Eighteen pairs of transverse and imbricate ventral scales, from interbrachials (not included) to preanals; with same size and shape as dorsal scales. Longitudinal cut, between eighth and 11th pair, for tissue sampling. Four longitudinal rows of lateral scales at mid-body. Lateral scales rounded, imbricate, with similar size in the mid-body, becoming smaller, numerous and irregular around arm level. A distinctive area with granular scales surrounds the area of arm insertion. Thirty-one transverse rows of dorsal scales, starting after parietals, imbricate, alternated, hexagonal, wider than long, wider in occipital region and more narrow at hindlimb level. Intact tail, more than two times the length of the body, lanceolate, keeled, imbricate, alternated; ventral scales of tail smooth, lanceolate, imbricate and alternated; more rounded near to anal plate. Anal plate with five lanceolate scales: central and paramedial the largest; medial one recessed, narrower than peripheral scales. Eight continuous femoral pores at each side, preanal pores absent, each pore within a small, rounded scale on the ventral surface of hindlimbs. Left hemipenis removed. Forelimbs with large, smooth and imbricate scales; those on ventral part of brachium much smaller and rounded. Anterior and ventral parts of hindlimbs with irregularly large, smooth and imbricate scales, identical to corresponding parts of forelimbs. Posterior part of hindlimbs with granular, juxtaposed scales, grading progressively to larger, imbricate scales on dorsal part of tibia. Metacarpal and metatarsal scales imbricate and larger than phalangeal scales; supradigital lamellae smooth and imbricate. Palmar and plantar surfaces with small granules; 10 single infradigitals on finger IV and 13 double infradigitals on toe IV. Toes and fingers, except for finger I, clawed and in the following relative sizes: I <II <V <III <IV.
Coloration in preservative: Dorsal surfaces of body light brown, anteriorly stained with irregular dark brown blotches on each dorsal scale. Edges of the dorsal part of the body are stained up to the first third of the body. Flanks dark brown from the snout to the vent. ventral parts of body and tail immaculate cream. Tail dorsal colour is the same as the body. Ventral part of the tail becomes gradually darker towards the extremity. Limbs dark brown dorsally, irregularly spotted with yellow; and dark black spotted ventrally.
Measurements of holotype (in millimetres): SVL 41.3; TRL 23.2; HL 8.12; HW 5.5; TL 120.
Sexual dimorphism and variation: Iphisa surui is sexually dimorphic; females are larger than males in SVL, but males have larger heads (ANOVA, P <.05). Males have more femoral pores than females with pores frequently absent (Kruskal – Wallis, P <.05, Mean = 16 and 1, respectively). Females present a higher number of dorsals and ventrals than males (Kruskal – Wallis, P <.05). A few females (18.3%) from RESEX Tapajós (N = 8) and Vale de São Domingos (N = 5) present femoral pores (4–20 pores). Specimens from Vale de São Domingos and Colniza present six supralabials (13%). Furthermore, 11 specimens from Vale de São Domingos have no prefrontals (7% of individuals of the species). Variation in pholidosis is summarized in Table 1.
Comments: Although no clear coloration patterns were identified among specimens of Iphisa, it is worth mentioning that individuals of I. surui, in general, presented a lighter and more yellow colour than the other species of the genus.
Distribution: Iphisa surui is distributed in southern Amazonia (yellow in Fig. 2) in the Madeira–Aripuanã and Juruena–São Manuel interfluves. The distribution extends further south, in the state of Mato Grosso and Rondônia, on the margins of the Mamoré River.
description: Published as part of Albano, Anna V., Mello, Recoder, Renato S., Fouquet, Antoine, Rodrigues, Miguel T. & Nunes, Pedro M. S., 2024, Integrative taxonomy of the Iphisa elegans Gray, 1851 species complex (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) leads to the description of five new species, pp. 477-504 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 200 (2) on pages 490-492, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad073, http://zenodo.org/record/11240018