cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Radio emission during the formation of stellar clusters in M33
Creators: name: Corbelli, Edvige
name: Braine, Jonathan
name: Tabatabaei, Fatemeh S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate thermal and non-thermal radio continuum associated with the early formation and evolution of Young Stellar Clusters (YSCs) selected by their MIR emission in M33. For the first time in an external galaxy it has been possible to identify radio counterparts to more than 300 star forming regions. We proof the nature of candidate YSCs fully embedded in molecular clouds, by recovering their associated faint radio continuum luminosities. Using the Halpha line to identify free-free radio emission at 5 GHz in the more evolved, partially exposed YSCs, we retrieve information on the relevance of magnetic fields and cosmic rays across the M33 disk at 25 pc spatial scales. A cross-correlation of MIR and radio continuum luminosities is established from bright to very faint YSCs, with MIR-to-radio emission ratio showing a gradual decline towards the outer disk, while the magnetic field is pervasive at all radii. We establish and discuss the tight relation between radio continuum and other star formation indicators, such as Halpha. This relation holds for individual YSCs over four orders of magnitude as well as for molecular clouds hosting YSCs. On average about half of radio emission at 5 GHz in YSCs is non-thermal. For exposed but compact YSCs the non-thermal radio fraction increases with source brightness, while for large HII regions the fraction is lower and shows no clear trend. This has been found for YSCs with and without identified SNRs and underlines the possible role of massive stars in triggering particle acceleration through winds and shocks: these particles diffuse throughout the native molecular cloud prior to cloud dispersal.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Phase Separation of Saturated and Mono-unsaturated Lipids as determined from a Microscopic Model
Creators: name: Elliott, R.
name: Katsov, K.
name: Schick, M.
name: Szleifer, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A molecular model is proposed of a bilayer consisting of fully saturated DPPC and mono unsaturated DOPC. The model not only encompasses the constant density within the hydrophobic core of the bilayer, but also the tendency of chain segments to align. It is solved within self-consistent field theory. A model bilayer of DPPC undergoes a main chain transition to a gel phase, while a bilayer of DOPC does not do so above zero degrees centigrade because of the double bond which disrupts order. We examine structural and thermodynamic properties of these membranes and find our results in reasonable accord with experiment. In particular, order-parameter profiles are in good agreement with NMR experiments. A phase diagram is obtained for mixtures of these lipids in a membrane at zero tension. The system undergoes phase separation below the main-chain transition temperature of the saturated lipid. Extensions to the ternary DPPC, DOPC, and cholesterol system are outlined.
description: 29 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. revised version
Direct frequency comb measurements of absolute optical frequencies and population transfer dynamics
Creators: name: Marian, Adela
name: Stowe, Matthew C.
name: Felinto, Daniel
name: Ye, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phase-stabilized femtosecond laser comb is directly used for high-resolution spectroscopy and absolute optical frequency measurements of one- and two-photon transitions in laser-cooled \rb atoms. Absolute atomic transition frequencies, such as the 5S$_{1/2}$ F=2 \ra 7S$_{1/2}$ F"=2 two-photon resonance measured at 788 794 768 921(44) kHz, are determined without \textit{a priori} knowledge about their values. Detailed dynamics of population transfer driven by a sequence of pulses are uncovered and taken into account for the measurement of the 5P states via resonantly enhanced two-photon transitions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted
Alte und neue Wege des Gemeinschaftsmarketings für Agrarprodukte und Lebensmittel
Creators: name: Kliebisch, Christoph
name: Rugge, Matthias
name: Kliebisch, Christoph
name: Rugge, Matthias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Lebensmittel
subject: Gemeinschaftsmarketing
subject: Marketing
subject: Landwirtschaft
subject: Centrale Marketinggesellschaft der Deutschen Agrarwirtschaft
subject: Werbung
subject: Food
subject: Agriculture
subject: Central Marketing Organization of German Agricultural Industries
subject: Sales promotions
subject: Co-operative food promotion
subject: Management

description: Gemeinschaftsmarketing für Agrarprodukte und Lebensmittel ist spätestens seit der Einführung des Absatzfondsgesetzes im Jahr 1969 das zentrale Instrument zur Absatzförderung in der Agrar- und Ernährungswirtschaft. Institutionalisiert in der Centralen Marketing-Gesellschaft der Deutschen Agrarwirtschaft (CMA) ist das Gemeinschaftsmarketing jedoch vor allem in der jüngeren Vergangenheit zunehmender Kritik ausgesetzt. Mit dem vorliegenden Beitrag soll daher neben einem historischen Abriss zum Gemeinschaftsmarketing für Agrarprodukte und Lebensmittel und dem derzeitigen Organisationsaufbau ein Blick auf andere Organisationsformen des Gemeinschaftsmarketing gelenkt werden. Exemplarisch geschieht dies anhand des Modells der „Levy Boards“ in Großbritannien. Letztlich wird hierbei der Frage nachgegangen, ob bzw. welche Elemente dieses Modells für das bundesdeutsche Gemeinschaftsmarketing Vorbildcharakter haben.
Economic impact analysis of marker-assisted breeding for resistance to pests and post harvest deterioration in cassava
Creators: name: Rudi, Nderim
name: Norton, George W.
name: Alwang, Jeffrey Roger
name: Asumugha, Godwin N.
name: Rudi, Nderim
name: Norton, George W.
name: Alwang, Jeffrey Roger
name: Asumugha, Godwin N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: marker-assisted breeding
subject: impact assessment
subject: cassava
subject: green mite
subject: whitefly
subject: cassava mosaic disease
subject: post-harvest physiological deterioration

description: Marker-assisted breeding could have a major impact in relieving productivity constraints that cannot as easily or rapidly be relieved by conventional breeding alone. This paper estimates the benefits of using marker-assisted breeding, as compared to conventional breeding alone, in developing cassava varieties resistant to cassava mosaic disease, green mite, whitefly and post-harvest physiological deterioration in Nigeria, Ghana and Uganda. Marker-assisted breeding is estimated to save at least four years in the breeding cycle for varieties resistant to the pests and to result in incremental net benefits over 25 years in the range of $34 to $800 million depending on the country, the particular constraint and various assumptions. Benefits may reach as high as $3 billion for resistance to post-harvest physiological deterioration, as conventional breeding is not projected to solve the problem within a reasonable time frame.
Does land tenure security matter for investment in soil and water conservation? Evidence from Kenya
Creators: name: Kabubo-Mariara, Jane
name: Linderhof, Vincent
name: Kruseman, Gideon
name: Kabubo-Mariara, Jane
name: Linderhof, Vincent
name: Kruseman, Gideon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: soil and water conservation
subject: tenure security
subject: development domains
subject: factor analysis

description: This paper investigates the impact of tenure security and other factors on investment in soil and water conservation (SWC) in Kenya. Factor analysis, step-wise regression and reduced form model approaches are used to explain the willingness, likelihood and intensity of adoption of SWC investments. The results confirm the importance of tenure security and development domain dimensions in determining the likelihood and intensity of adoption and suggest that to ensure land tenure policy is pro-SWC/environment, it is important to consider whether household plots are owned, rented out or rented in. The impact of household assets implies a poverty environment link. Similar factors affect the decision whether or not to invest in SWC and also the level of investment. The results suggest the need for region specific SWC practices and for broad policies that provide incentives for environmental conservation and poverty reduction.
The ideal gas as an urn model: derivation of the entropy formula
Creators: name: Prestipino, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The approach of an ideal gas to equilibrium is simulated through a generalization of the Ehrenfest ball-and-box model. In the present model, the interior of each box is discretized, {\it i.e.}, balls/particles live in cells whose occupation can be either multiple or single. Moreover, particles occasionally undergo random, but elastic, collisions between each other and against the container walls. I show, both analitically and numerically, that the number and energy of particles in a given box eventually evolve to an equilibrium distribution $W$ which, depending on cell occupations, is binomial or hypergeometric in the particle number and beta-like in the energy. Furthermore, the long-run probability density of particle velocities is Maxwellian, whereas the Boltzmann entropy $\ln W$ exactly reproduces the ideal-gas entropy. Besides its own interest, this exercise is also relevant for pedagogical purposes since it provides, although in a simple case, an explicit probabilistic foundation for the ergodic hypothesis and for the maximum-entropy principle of thermodynamics. For this reason, its discussion can profitably be included in a graduate course on statistical mechanics.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Tabacchi, Gloria
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Chemistry
subject: 30701 Quantum Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30799 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30699 Physical Chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: CP2K: An electronic structure and molecular dynamics software package - Quickstep: Efficient and accurate electronic structure calculations
Thomas D. Kühne, Marcella Iannuzzi, Mauro Del Ben, Vladimir V. Rybkin, Patrick Seewald, Frederick Stein, Teodoro Laino, Rustam Z. Khaliullin, Ole Schütt, Florian Schiffmann, Dorothea Golze, Jan Wilhelm, Sergey Chulkov, Mohammad Hossein Bani-Hashemian, Valéry Weber, Urban Borštnik, Mathieu Taillefumier, Alice Shoshana Jakobovits, Alfio Lazzaro, Hans Pabst, Tiziano Müller, Robert Schade, Manuel Guidon, Samuel Andermatt, Nico Holmberg, Gregory K. Schenter, Anna Hehn, Augustin Bussy, Fabian Belleflamme, Gloria Tabacchi, Andreas Glöß, Michael Lass, Iain Bethune, Christopher J. Mundy, Christian Plessl, Matt Watkins, Joost VandeVondele, Matthias Krack, Jürg Hutter
The Journal of Chemical Physics, May 2020, American Institute of PhysicsDOI: 10.1063/5.0007045
An open-access review article on CP2K
Strong CP, Flavor, and Twisted Split Fermions
Creators: name: Harnik, Roni
name: Perez, Gilad
name: Schwartz, Matthew D.
name: Shirman, Yuri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a natural solution to the strong CP problem in the context of split fermions. By assuming CP is spontaneously broken in the bulk, a weak CKM phase is created in the standard model due to a twisting in flavor space of the bulk fermion wavefunctions. But the strong CP phase remains zero, being essentially protected by parity in the bulk and CP on the branes. As always in models of spontaneous CP breaking, radiative corrections to theta bar from the standard model are tiny, but even higher dimension operators are not that dangerous. The twisting phenomenon was recently shown to be generic, and not to interfere with the way that split fermions naturally weaves small numbers into the standard model. It follows that out approach to strong CP is compatible with flavor, and we sketch a comprehensive model. We also look at deconstructed version of this setup which provides a viable 4D model of spontaneous CP breaking which is not in the Nelson-Barr class.
description: 30 pages, 5 Figures
Non-rotational mechanism of polarization in alcohols
Creators: name: Artemov, V. G.
name: Ryzhov, A.
name: Carlsen, E.
name: Kapralov, P. O.
name: Ouerdane, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Chemical polarity governs various mechanical, chemical and thermodynamic properties of dielectrics. Polar liquids have been amply studied, yet the basic mechanisms underpinning their dielectric properties remain not fully understood, as standard models following Debye's phenomenological approach do not account for quantum effects and cannot aptly reproduce the full dc-up-to-THz spectral range. Here, using the illustrative case of monohydric alcohols, we show that deep tunneling and the consequent intermolecular separation of excess protons and "proton-holes" in the polar liquids govern their static and dynamic dielectric properties on the same footing. We performed systematic ultrabroadband (0-10 THz) spectroscopy experiments with monohydric alcohols of different (0.4-1.6 nm) molecular lengths, and show that the finite lifetime of molecular species, and the proton-hole correlation length are the two principle parameters responsible for the dielectric response of all the studied alcohols across the entire frequency range. Our results demonstrate that a quantum non-rotational intermolecular mechanism drives the polarization in alcohols while the rotational mechanism of molecular polarization plays a secondary role, manifesting itself in the sub-terahertz region only.
A toy model for coupling accretion disk oscillations to the neutron star spin
Creators: name: Petri, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lee, Abramowicz & Kluzniak (2004) demonstrated numerically that rotation of neutron star couples with oscillations of its accretion disk, and excites resonances. No specific coupling was assumed, but magnetic field was suggested as the most likely one. Following this idea, we show (Petri 2005) that if the neutron star is non-axially symmetric and rotating, its gravity may provide the coupling and excite resonances. Here, we return to the original suggestion that the coupling is of a magnetic origin, and demonstrate how does it work in terms of a simple, analytic toy-model.
description: Accepted by A&A
Prospects of Georgia becoming EU member in context of economic development trends
Creators: name: Mamuladze, Roman
name: Gabaidze, Meri
Publisher: name: Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal
Year: 2021

description: In this article we discuss accession criteria for EU membership - the Copenhagen Criteria. We largely focus on and critically analyze Georgia’s the economic development level and modern trends. Using the recent data published by international, regional, and local institutions we analyzed macroeconomic measures and international rankings of EU countries and Georgia. Based on qualitative and quantitative research approaches, we conclude that Georgia’s recent economic levels and economic development trends, unfortunately, don’t satisfy the Copenhagen economic criteria and it can be a delay factor for Georgia’s EU integration. In this paper, we present recommendations, a satisfaction of which will facilitate fulfillment of the Copenhagen Criteria by Georgia and speed up the process of Georgia joining the EU.
description: Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal
Using design languages for conceptual modelling : the UML case
Creators: name: Evermann, Joerg Magnus
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Information systems are representations of and situated in the business and organization. In order to develop effective information systems (IS), the first step must be to understand and describe this real world domain. System analysis is this first step, the final result of which is the conceptual model, a formal description of the business and organizational domain. It serves as the communication medium to further common domain understanding. System design, the second step in IS development, builds on this understanding, together with other requirements regarding e.g. functionality, performance, quality, usability, to design the software system. The conceptual model serves as input to this phase. Every model must be expressed in a language. However, there exists no widely accepted language for conceptual modelling of the business or the organization. On the other hand, recent years have seen the emergence and wide acceptance of object-oriented languages in general, and the Unified Modelling Language (UML) specifically, for IS design. This study examines the suitability of using such design languages for conceptual modelling. In order for a language to be usable for modelling business and organizational domains, the language constructs must possess real-world semantics, i.e. it must be clear what they refer to in the real world, not only in the software domain. Based on ontology, the branch of philosophy that deals with what exists in the real world, this study assigns such meaning to UML constructs. Based on these semantics, ontological assumptions are used to derive modelling rules for UML when UML is used for conceptual modelling. These rules are formalized using the UML meta-model. A case study is conducted which applies the proposed rules in a medium size IS development project and notes their beneficial effects on the analysis process and the final conceptual model. An experimental study is conducted to show specific benefits to domain understanding, induced by models which conform to the proposed rules. The chosen method of analysis of languages is applicable not only to UML, chosen as an example here, but is generalizable to other languages as well. The results derived in this study, other than the formalization by means of the specific language meta-model, are therefore generalizable to other object-oriented languages.
Design and Optimization of a Multi-Role Fighter Aircraft
Creators: name: Md Sajedul Islam Sakir
name: Md Ashiqur Rahman Laskar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Aerospace Engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: Multi-role fighter aircraft is one of the latest innovations of science and technology. A multi-role fighter aircraft carrying one pilot that covers a range of 2000 NM with a maximum Mach number of 2 has a maximum ceiling of 65000 ft. is designed in this paper. The aircraft has to materialize a certain mission profile. The basic disciplines of aircraft design like aerodynamics, propulsion, engineering design, flight dynamics, performance and management skill are carried out during the design process. The complete aircraft design is accomplished through three basic phases like conceptual, preliminary and detail design. A conceptual sketch is presented at the end of conceptual design phase featuring the selected configurations of major components. In the preliminary design phase, the basic parameters, e.g. maximum take-off weight, wing area, engine thrust or power are estimated. A final check is carried out at the end of the detail design of each major component and subsequent adjustments are applied where required.
Measuring the economic value of redistributing parasitoids for the control of the maize stemborer Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Kenya
Creators: name: Kipkoech, Anderson Kipruto
name: Schulthess, Fritz
name: Yabann, Wilson K.
name: Kipsat, Mary J.
name: Mithofer, Dagmar
name: Kipkoech, Anderson Kipruto
name: Schulthess, Fritz
name: Yabann, Wilson K.
name: Kipsat, Mary J.
name: Mithofer, Dagmar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: biological control
subject: economic valuation
subject: maize
subject: stemborers

description: This study assesses the ex ante economic impact of the establishment of two parasitoids, the scelionid egg parasitoid Telenomus isis Polaszek from West Africa and a virulent strain of the braconid larval parasitoid Cotesia sesamiae Cameron from western Kenya, to control stemborer. Using a Cobb-Douglas production function, it was estimated that yields increased by 28.5% when pesticides were used to control stemborers. The benefit-cost ratio after the establishment of the parasitoids ranged from 1:1 to 777:1, with a net present value of up to US$192 million. The study demonstrates the potential of redistributing parasitoids indigenous to Africa for the control of African stemborers. Because the benefits of biological control are positively scale dependent, while the costs are generally scale irresponsive, biological control programs would accrue more benefits if parasitoids were released to a wider area.
1172: Gnr John Porter Jackson (certificates; photographs)
Creators: name: Project Team, Lest We Forget
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Family collection of documents and photographs. Gnr Jackson was discharged after 16 months, 'Unfit for any form of Service'.
Problems of Distance Assessment of Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic at BSMA
Creators: name: Kakhidze, Abdul
name: Gegenava, Avtandil
name: Mskhaladze, Eldar
name: Babilodze, Joni
name: Chokharadze, Teimuraz
Publisher: name: Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal
Year: 2021

description: Due to the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic situation, higher education institutions of Georgia, including Batumi State Maritime Academy, had to move to distance learning within a limited time frame. Remotely was carried out not only teaching (lectures and practical works) but assessment processes as well. The paper discusses the disadvantages of distance assessment based on a one-year survey (done by the authors of the given article), analyses the students’ mid-term and final assessment results before and during the pandemic period and suggests possible ways to eliminate them.
description: Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal
Energy Harvesting for Electric Train: Application of Multi-Renewable Energy Sources with Sophisticated Technology
Creators: name: Md Ahsanul Kabir Bulbul
name: Md Ashiqur Rahman Laskar
name: Md Waqeeb Tahmeed Sayeed Chy
name: Sahariat, Mir
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 90699 Electrical and Electronic Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Utilization of multi-renewable energy sources for railway vehicle or train is highly beneficial as an alternative source of energy for its operation. Harvesting energy from various sources such as solar, wind and piezoelectric material is focused in this paper. It is performed employing efficient methodologies found in previous research and concurrent technology with a view to increasing power generation and reducing electricity demand from the third rail (a semi-continuous rigid conductor along the rail track available for electric power supply). Choice of high performing solar panel, proper selection and positioning of wind turbine, introduction of aerodynamic shape to train body pave the way for harvesting greater amount of energy. This paper also describes the suitable methodology required for generating electricity from piezoelectric materials. Eventually, an integrated HESSs is implanted for storing energy in a reliant way. 
Employment of Georgian seafarers and prospects in the world labor market
Creators: name: Sharabidze, Irakli
name: Baramidze, Mamuka
name: Makharadze, Ana
Publisher: name: Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal
Year: 2021

description: Seafarer has been recognized as a key profession by world organisations, which means that seafarers play an important role in world socio-economic and other accompanying processes. Despite the efforts of the Council of Europe countries, the flow of European seafarers in the world maritime labor market is still declining. This article discusses the current state of qualifications of Georgian seafarers and the prospects for their employment on the basis of theoretical and practical results, research of current problems in the labor market and practical analysis of ways to solve them.
description: Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Georgian Maritime Scientific Journal
Production risk and farm technology adoption in the rain-fed semi-arid lands of Kenya
Creators: name: Ogada, Maurice Juma
name: Nyangena, Wilfred
name: Yesuf, Mahmud
name: Ogada, Maurice Juma
name: Nyangena, Wilfred
name: Yesuf, Mahmud
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: International Development
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: farm productivity
subject: production risk
subject: farm technology adoption
subject: Kenya

description: This study provides empirical evidence on the effects of production risk on smallholder farmers’ adoption of farm technology, using plot-level data collected from two semi-arid districts in Kenya, Machakos and Taita Taveta. Using Mundlak’s approach (1978), the study found that factors such as yield variability and the risk of crop failures indeed affect technology adoption decisions in low-income, rainfed agriculture. However, the direction and magnitude of effects depend on the farm technology under consideration. The results explain why poor farm households in rainfed and risky production environments are reluctant to adopt new farm technologies that could improve production: it is because the technologies involve enormous downside risks. This result underscores the fact that productivity gain is a necessary, but not sufficient, condition to attract farmers to adopt new technologies and agricultural innovations.
Bashar H. Malkawi, Decisions of MPIA Arbitral Panels and their Value
Creators: name: Malkawi, Bashar H.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 180105 Commercial and Contract Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The multilateral trading system has served the world remarkably well over the past seventy years, as it hasduring the World Trade Organization’s (“WTO”) twenty-five years in existence. On average, global incomes haverisen dramatically, and the number of those living in poverty has declined sharply.[1] There is, nevertheless,criticism of the WTO.[2] One area for this criticism is the WTO Appellate Body (“AB”).
title: Investigating the perception and production of the Arabic pharyngealised sounds by L2 learners of Arabic
Creators: name: Binasfour, Hajar Salman Mohammed
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2018

description: Pronunciation has received relatively little attention within the field of Arabic second language teaching and learning, particularly with respect to the more prominent areas of morphology, syntax, psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics. In the field of phonetics and phonology, it has been argued that Arabic pharyngealised sounds are distinctive and unique to Arabic and they are considered the most difficult sounds to acquire by L2 learners of Arabic. This research included two experiments that focused on examining the ability of a group of Arabic L2 learners from different L1 backgrounds to perceive and produce the fricative sounds /z/, /θ/, /f/, /ʃ/, /ħ/, /h/, /χ/, /ɣ/, /ʕ/, /sˤ/, /ðˤ/, /s/, /ð/, and the emphatic sounds /sˤ/, /ðˤ/, /dˤ/, and /tˤ/ in contrast with nonpharyngealised variants /s/, /ð/, /d/ and /t/. The aims were to investigate which aspects of acquisition were difficult and to examine the effects of technology-based instruction and traditional-based instruction to find an appropriate pronunciation teaching method to facilitate the perception and production of fricatives and emphatics. The technology-based method used in this study was adapted from Olson (2014) and Offerman and Olson (2016) to investigate the extent to which using speech analysis technology (Praat) can help in visualising the difference between pharyngealised and non-pharyngealised sounds in order to aid production and perception learning. The traditional-based method used in this study included repetition, practicing minimal pairs, and reading aloud techniques. Data were collected from forced-choice identification tasks and recordings taken during pre- and post-test conditions. The results revealed that the some of the fricatives and all the emphatic sounds posed perception and production difficulty to some L2 learners of Arabic, which is likely to be due to the absence of these sounds from the learners’ L1s. The results also showed significant improvements among all participants after the traditional and technology training courses. However, no significant difference was observed between L2 learners who received the traditional-based method and those who received the technology-based method. Both methods have increased students’ awareness and understanding of the features of the sounds under investigation. The contribution of the current study is to show how Arabic fricative and emphatic sounds can be effectively taught using form-focused instruction involving different traditional and technological techniques. This research has implications for the implementation of both techniques for language teachers and researchers as it shows how both approaches can be used to enhance students’ perceptive and productive skills.
Patterns and determinants of dietary micronutrient deficiencies in rural areas of East Africa
Creators: name: Ecker, Olivier
name: Weinberger, Katinka
name: Qaim, Matin
name: Ecker, Olivier
name: Weinberger, Katinka
name: Qaim, Matin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: micronutrient deficiency
subject: determinants
subject: nutrient intake
subject: dietary patterns
subject: East Africa

description: Micronutrient malnutrition is a large public health problem in many developing countries, but its dimensions and determinants are not yet clearly understood, especially with respect to sub- Saharan Africa. Based on 24-hour recall data from rural households in Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania, this study analyzes dietary patterns to provide a comprehensive picture of the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, with particular emphasis on bioavailable vitamin A, iron and zinc intakes. The results confirm that micronutrient deficiencies are widespread and positively correlated with calorie deficiency. Regression analysis suggests that income growth will bring about important nutritional improvements. However, more targeted interventions are needed, especially for controlling vitamin A deficiency. Promising avenues include basic education, women empowerment, promotion of home gardens, awareness campaigns and vitamin A biofortification. Spatial differences within and across regions indicate that detailed knowledge of local conditions is imperative for designing and targeting effective food and nutrition policies.
The role of rural off-farm employment in agricultural development among farm households in low-income countries: Evidence from Zimbabwe
Creators: name: Chikwama, Cornilius
name: Chikwama, Cornilius
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: rural off-farm wage employment
subject: farm investment
subject: agricultural development
subject: sub-Saharan Africa
subject: Zimbabwe

description: This study examines the widely held view that earnings from rural wage employment can help farm households overcome constraints on farm investments. It uses a panel dataset of 359 randomly selected farm households from three resettlement areas in Zimbabwe over the period 1996/97 to 1998/99. It finds no evidence to support the hypothesis that income from rural wage employment contributes towards increasing farm investment for the sampled households, and it attributes this to very low savings rates on rural wage employment income. Further, it finds that levels of farm investment increase with the amount of labor and land used in farm production in the previous year, and for households with male and/or older household heads. It also finds an inverse relation between farm investment and farm capital stocks – evidence that households that had higher levels of farm capital stocks were disinvesting in agriculture over the period studied.
Phenomenological theory of a single domain wall in uniaxial trigonal ferroelectrics: lithium niobate and lithium tantalate
Creators: name: Scrymgeour, David A
name: Gopalan, Venkatraman
name: Itagi, Amit
name: Saxena, Avadh
name: Swart, Pieter J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A phenomenological treatment of domain walls based on the Ginzburg-Landau-Devonshire theory is developed for uniaxial, trigonal ferroelectrics lithium niobate and lithium tantalate. The contributions to the domain wall energy from polarization and strain as a function of orientation are considered. Analytical expressions are developed which are analyzed numerically to determine the minimum polarization, strain, and energy configurations of domain walls. It is found that hexagonal y-walls are preferred over x-walls in both materials. This agrees well with experimental observation of domain geometries in stoichiometric composition crystals.
description: Accepted in PRB (2005); corrected Eqs 34-37; fixed typo
Simplifying Dependent Reductions in the Polyhedral Model
Creators: name: Yang, Cambridge
name: Atkinson, Eric
name: Carbin, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A Reduction -- an accumulation over a set of values, using an associative and commutative operator -- is a common computation in many numerical computations, including scientific computations, machine learning, computer vision, and financial analytics. Contemporary polyhedral-based compilation techniques make it possible to optimize reductions, such as prefix sums, in which each component of the reduction's output potentially shares computation with another component in the reduction. Therefore an optimizing compiler can identify the computation shared between multiple components and generate code that computes the shared computation only once. These techniques, however, do not support reductions that -- when phrased in the language of the polyhedral model -- span multiple dependent statements. In such cases, existing approaches can generate incorrect code that violates the data dependences of the original, unoptimized program. In this work, we identify and formalize the optimization of dependent reductions as an integer bilinear program. We present a heuristic optimization algorithm that uses an affine sequential schedule of the program to determine how to simplfy reductions yet still preserve the program's dependences. We demonstrate that the algorithm provides optimal complexity for a set of benchmark programs from the literature on probabilistic inference algorithms, whose performance critically relies on simplifying these reductions. The complexities for 10 of the 11 programs improve siginifcantly by factors at least of the sizes of the input data, which are in the range of $10^4$ to $10^6$ for typical real application inputs. We also confirm the significance of the improvement by showing speedups in wall-clock time that range from $1.1\text{x}$ to over $10^6\text{x}$.
Dark Matter from Baryon Asymmetry
Creators: name: Kitano, Ryuichiro
name: Low, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measured densities of dark and baryonic matter are surprisingly close to each other, even though the baryon asymmetry and the dark matter are usually explained by unrelated mechanisms. We consider a scenario where the dark matter S is produced non-thermally from the decay of a messenger particle X, which carries the baryon number and compensates for the baryon asymmetry in the Universe, thereby establishing a connection between the baryonic and dark matter densities. We propose a simple model to realize this scenario, adding only a light singlet fermion S and a colored particle X which has a mass in the O(TeV) range and a lifetime to appear long-lived in collider detector. Therefore in hadron colliders the signal is similar to that of a stable or long-lived gluino in supersymmetric models.
description: 12 pages; v2: bounds on the mass of the messenger particle are relaxed; conclusions unchanged. additional minor modifications
The impact of participation in Diversity Field Fora on farmer management of millet and sorghum varieties in Mali
Creators: name: Smale, Melinda
name: Diakite, Lamissa
name: Sidibe, Amadou
name: Grum, Mikkel
name: Jones, Hannah
name: Traore, Issa Seni
name: Guindo, Hamidou
name: Smale, Melinda
name: Diakite, Lamissa
name: Sidibe, Amadou
name: Grum, Mikkel
name: Jones, Hannah
name: Traore, Issa Seni
name: Guindo, Hamidou
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: farmer field school
subject: sorghum
subject: millet
subject: landraces
subject: participatory crop improvement
subject: Mali

description: Malian farmers have been cultivating millet and sorghum for millennia, but they are slow to adopt and develop modern varieties because it is difficult to observe the difference in yields in their fields, given the challenging local growing conditions. Farmer participatory approaches are therefore recommended. This paper applies an instrumental variables method to survey data from Mali to evaluate the impacts of Diversity Field Fora, a type of farmer field school which aims to boost millet and sorghum yields by showing farmers how to manage diverse varieties. Impact indicators are expected and recalled millet and sorghum yields, the total number of unique attributes of millet and sorghum varieties stocked as seed, and the relative deprivation of the household farm with respect to these indicators. The findings suggest the project has had results at one of two sites where it has been implemented with the same local leadership and more intensively over a longer time frame.
The CGIAR at a Crossroads: Assessing the role of international agricultural research in poverty alleviation from an innovation systems perspective
Creators: name: Ekboir, Javier M.
name: Ekboir, Javier M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: CGIAR
subject: Innovation
subject: agricultural research

description: Globalization, technical change and migration are changing the dynamics of poverty and food production. These factors, combined with a better understanding of the nature of complex processes, are also changing the nature of scientific research, the roles researchers can play in poverty alleviation and the niches in which the CGIAR can operate. While keeping strong breeding and research programs, the CGIAR should devote increasing resources to better characterize the dynamics of poverty, redefine the networks it will use to promote the use of scientific information to foster innovation, link local innovators and researchers with international scientific networks, and help to build innovative capabilities in developing countries. These capabilities should refer not only to scientific research but also to new ways to support innovation and to design and implement poverty-alleviation programs. Finally, CGIAR researchers should adopt new research methods to better integrate into local and international innovation networks.
Building an evaluative culture for effective evaluation and results management
Creators: name: Mayne, John
name: Mayne, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: evaluation
subject: culture

description: A weak evaluative culture undermines many attempts at building an effective evaluation and results management regime. This brief outlines practical actions that an organization can take to build and support an evaluative culture, where information on performance is deliberately sought in order to learn how to better manage and deliver programmes and services. Such an organization values empirical evidence on the results it is seeking to achieve.
Institutional Learning and Change: An initiative to promote greater impact through agricultural research for poverty alleviation
Creators: name: Watts, Jamie
name: Horton, Douglas
name: Watts, Jamie
name: Horton, Douglas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: agricultural
subject: research
subject: ILAC
subject: pro-poor
subject: innovation
subject: farmers

description: The ILAC Initiative consists of an evolving community of individuals committed to increasing the contributions of agricultural research to sustainable poverty reduction around the world. ILAC promotes research, methodology development and capacity development to increase understanding of agricultural change processes and increase the effectiveness of interventions to stimulate pro-poor innovation. This paper presents a broad overview of ILAC, including its background, origins and evolution, objectives and activities. It also presents the initiative’s central hypothesis and a set of guiding questions. Theoretical frameworks that show promise for increasing understanding of issues related to capacities to learn, facilitate innovation, and contribute to poverty reduction are introduced.
Optimal control for quantum detectors
Creators: name: Titum, Paraj
name: Schultz, Kevin M.
name: Seif, Alireza
name: Quiroz, Gregory D.
name: Clader, B. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum systems are promising candidates for sensing of weak signals as they can provide unrivaled performance when estimating parameters of external fields. However, when trying to detect weak signals that are hidden by background noise, the signal-to-noise-ratio is a more relevant metric than raw sensitivity. We identify, under modest assumptions about the statistical properties of the signal and noise, the optimal quantum control to detect an external signal in the presence of background noise using a quantum sensor. Interestingly, for white background noise, the optimal solution is the simple and well-known spin-locking control scheme. We further generalize, using numerical techniques, these results to the background noise being a correlated Lorentzian spectrum. We show that for increasing correlation time, pulse based sequences such as CPMG are also close to the optimal control for detecting the signal, with the crossover dependent on the signal frequency. These results show that an optimal detection scheme can be easily implemented in near-term quantum sensors without the need for complicated pulse shaping.
Correlation functions in a c=1 boundary conformal field theory
Creators: name: Kristjansson, Kristjan R.
name: Thorlacius, Larus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain exact results for correlation functions of primary operators in the two-dimensional conformal field theory of a scalar field interacting with a critical periodic boundary potential. Amplitudes involving arbitrary bulk discrete primary fields are given in terms of SU(2) rotation coefficients while boundary amplitudes involving discrete boundary fields are independent of the boundary interaction. Mixed amplitudes involving both bulk and boundary discrete fields can also be obtained explicitly. Two- and three-point boundary amplitudes involving fields at generic momentum are determined, up to multiplicative constants, by the band spectrum in the open-string sector of the theory.
description: 33 pages, 6 figures
The effect of graphene nanoflake reinforcement on the mechanical and electrical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride
Creators: name: Chang, Elizabeth Chi-En
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer that is unique because it is electrically active, a property not common in polymers. PVDF is used in many industries due to its good mechanical properties, resistance to chemicals, and most importantly, piezoelectric properties. PVDF has been used as the matrix for many composites with both inorganic and organic fillers. This study involves uniform, high-shear melt-mixing graphite within PVDF to exfoliate graphite into graphene nanoflakes (GNFs) within the PVDF matrix in the concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt. %. These GNF-PVDF composite samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical testing (tensile and nanoindentation), and electrical conductivity testing. Results indicate enhancements in both mechanical and electrical properties due to the addition and subsequent exfoliation of graphite into GNFs directly within PVDF.
A sensitive search for CO J=1-0 emission in 4C 41.17: high-excitation molecular gas at z=3.8
Creators: name: Papadopoulos, Padeli
name: Greve, Thomas
name: Ivison, Rob
name: De Breuck, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report sensitive imaging observations of the CO J=1-0 line emission in the powerful high-redshift radio galaxy 4C 41.17 (z=3.8) with the NRAO Very Large Array (VLA), conducted in order to detect the large concomitant H_2 gas reservoir recently unveiled in this system by De Breuck et al (2005) via the emission of the high excitation J=4-3 line. Our observations fail to detect the J=1-0 line but yield sensitive lower limits on the R_43=(4-3)/(1-0) brightness temperature ratio of R_43 ~ 0.55 - >1.0 for the bulk of the H_2 gas mass. Such high ratios are typical of the high-excitation molecular gas phase ``fueling'' the star formation in local starbursts, but quite unlike these objects, much of the molecular gas in 4C 41.17 seems to be in such a state, and thus participating in the observed starburst episode. The widely observed and unique association of highly excited molecular gas with star forming sites allows CO line emission with large (high-J)/(low-J) intensity ratios to serve as an excellent ``marker'' of the spatial distribution of star formation in distant dust-obscured starbursts, unaffected by extinction.
description: 7 Pages including 8 PostScript figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics