cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Contribution of chemotherapy mobilization to disease control in multiple myeloma treated with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation
Creators: name: Kamble, R. T.
name: Wood, W. A.
name: D'Souza, A.
name: Freytes, C. O.
name: Ramanathan, M.
name: Rodriguez, T. E.
name: Hari, P. N.
name: Uy, G. L.
name: Callander, N. S.
name: Wagner, J. L.
name: Wirk, B.
name: Seo, S.
name: Dispenzieri, A.
name: Maiolino, A.
name: Kharfan-Dabaja, M. A.
name: Krishnan, A. Y.
name: Anderson, K. C.
name: To, L. B.
name: Gibson, J.
name: Marks, D. I.
name: Vesole, D. H.
name: Lee, C. H.
name: Savani, B. N.
name: Tay, J.
name: Sharma, M.
name: Garfall, A.
name: Costa, L. J.
name: Saad, A. A.
name: Stadtmauer, E. A.
name: Ganguly, S.
name: Zhang, M. J.
name: Schouten, H. C.
name: Munker, R.
name: Schriber, J. R.
name: Olsson, R. F.
name: Gertz, M. A.
name: Bredeson, C. N.
name: Vogl, D. T.
name: Gale, R. P.
name: Mark, T. M.
name: Landau, H. J.
name: Cornell, R. F.
name: Hamadani, M.
name: Kalaycio, M. E.
name: Huang, J. X.
name: Kyle, R. A.
name: Kumar, S. K.
name: Nishihori, T.
name: Scott, E.
name: Lazarus, H. M.
name: Schiller, G. J.
name: Perez, M. A.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: In patients with multiple myeloma (MM) undergoing autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto-HCT), peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) may be collected following mobilization with growth factor alone (GF) or cytotoxic chemotherapy plus GF ( (CC+GF). It is uncertain whether the method of mobilization affects post-transplant outcomes. We compared these mobilization strategies in a retrospective analysis of 968 patients with MM from the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database who received an auto-HCT in the US and Canada between 2007 and 2012. The kinetics of neutrophil engraftment (≥ 0.5 × 109/L) was similar between groups (13 vs. 13 days, P=0.69) while platelet engraftment (≥ 20 × 109/L) was slightly faster with CC+GF (19 vs. 18 days, P=0.006). Adjusted 3-years PFS was 43% (95% C.I. 38–48) in GF and 40% (95% C.I. 35–45) in CC+GF, P=0.33. Adjusted 3-years OS was 82% (95% C.I. 78–86) vs. 80% (95% C.I. 75–84), P=0.43 and adjusted 5-year OS was 62% (95C.I. 54–68) vs. 60% (95% C.I. 52–67), P=0.76, for GF and CC+GF respectively. We conclude that MM patients undergoing auto-HCT have similar outcomes irrespective of the method of mobilization and found no evidence that the addition of chemotherapy to mobilization contributes to disease control.
title: Impact of Forage Conditioner Systems on the Harvesting of Alfalfa
Creators: name: Hendry, Derrick
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: This study analyzed three major brands of conditioner rollers and determined how they performed in drying the forage crop alfalfa. Each type of conditioner roller would cut a wide and narrow windrow. All the windrows were tested and analyzed the same. The study was concluded once the forage was baled.
title: Treatment of Yellow Fever Virus With the NS4B Inhibitor BDAA and Effects on RNA‐Sensing Innate Immune Pathways in Hamster and Mouse Models
Creators: name: Weight, Abbie E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Yellow fever (YF) is an acute and often severe disease cause by yellow fever virus (YFV). Although there is an effective vaccine available to prevent YF, there are no antiviral drugs approved to treat the disease, which has a considerable disease burden in endemic areas of South America and Africa. BDAA is an experimental antiviral treatment which has shown efficacy against YFV both in cell culture and when administered before infection in an animal model of disease. BDAA targets the YFV protein NS4B and has two reported mechanisms of action: the primary mechanism of action is the direct inhibition of YFV replication and the second mechanism increases activation of dsRNA-sensing innate immune pathways in YFV-infected cells. We evaluated whether this secondary immunological mechanism of BDAA is evident in animal models of YFV. We first used a hamster model to demonstrate that BDAA is effective against YFV when administration began four hours before or two days post infection. BDAA treatment significantly improved several disease parameters in YFV-infected hamsters, including survival, weight change, serum virus titer, and parameters of liver damage. We also demonstrated that BDAA treatment of YFV-infected mice increases concentrations of particular cytokines shortly after treatment of an established YFV infection, with proinflammatory cytokine concentrations broadly reduced two and four days after treatment begins in a separate study. This indicates that the increased immune response to BDAA detected in YFV-infected cells is a transient effect which is evident shortly after administration begins. BDAA treatment also transiently increased biomarkers of immune-related cell death (apoptosis) shortly after treatment initiation. BDAA is a potently effective anti-YFV compound with a unique mechanism which warrants further evaluation as an antiviral treatment for YFV.
title: Redox-Active Materials Design and Mechanism Study for Redox Flow Batteries
Creators: name: Hu, Maowei
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: With the growing interest in energy in renewable sources from intermittent and fluctuating solar and wind, large-scale energy storage systems are urgently needed. Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been recognized as one of the most promising battery technologies for energy storage devices that demonstrate potential scalability to meet this need. Shifting from traditional inorganic (e.g., vanadium) to earth-abundant and inexpensive organic redox-active materials can reduce overall battery cost. Compared to simple inorganic salts (e.g., V2O5), the solubility, stability, redox potential, and membrane compatibility of organic molecules are synthetically tunable via introducing functional groups. In the end, RFBs can be used to store the electricity generated from renewable sources and balance the mismatch between the energy supply and demand.
The research in this dissertation outlines efforts to improve battery performance and understand battery capacity decay mechanisms. An asymmetric molecular design concept for classic anode material, sulfonate viologens (S2Vs), in aqueous RFBs is reported. The improved solubility, redox potential, and battery performance lead to an adaptable method for other redox-active materials. Independent mechanism studies of battery capacity decay for a classic anode material, viologen/viologen radical, and cathode material, ferrocyanide/ferricyanide, provide a deeper understanding of full-cell stability for widely studied viologen/ferrocyanide combination. Moving from aqueous to non-aqueous RFBs (NARFB) is an effective way to extend the redox-active material database and full-cell cell voltage to further improve battery energy density.
title: Portfolio Assessment as a Means of Assessing Language Proficiency in Bilingual (ESL/LEP) Students
Creators: name: Boynton, Christine
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1993

description: Speech-language pathologists are faced with the increasing problem of providing appropriate and nonbiased language assessment of minority language speakers. Currently available measures of language proficiency fail to provide adequate information about a Limited English Proficient student's language to determine the specific abilities and educational needs that he/she has.
Therefore, this study was an investigation of the use of a portfolio assessment method as a means of determining the language proficiency of bilingual Limited English Proficient students. The following measurements and information were included in the portfolio: (1) home and literacy background information, (2) parent, teacher, and student attitude information, (3) classroom observations, (4) criterion referenced tests, (5) writing samples, and (6) oral and written narrative samples.
Two bilingual students ages 11 and 12 comprised the sample used for investigation. The aforementioned measurements were completed for each child in order to determine the depth and breadth of information a portfolio assessment method may provide. Results of biographic information, ethnographic observations, and scores from each measure were reported independently. Results of the measures within the portfolio were then compared to one another to determine the consistency of information each provided.
Results show that the use of a portfolio assessment method with minority language students can provide information regarding that student's social and academic language proficiency that no single measure could provide alone. In addition, results show that the portfolio assessment method can provide important insight into the specific educational needs of individual language minority students.
Secondary solid cancer screening following hematopoietic cell transplantation
Creators: name: Wingard, J. R.
name: Hamadani, M.
name: Hayashi, R. J.
name: Hamilton, B. K.
name: Salooja, N.
name: Muffly, L. S.
name: Ahmed, I. A.
name: Schoemans, H.
name: Khera, N.
name: Bitan, M.
name: Akpek, G.
name: Flowers, M. E.D.
name: Baker, K. S.
name: Kamble, R. T.
name: Wood, W. A.
name: Margossian, S. P.
name: Wirk, B.
name: Yong, A.
name: Gregory, T. K.
name: Lupo-Stanghellini, M. T.
name: Greinix, H. T.
name: Basak, G. W.
name: Shaw, B. E.
name: Atsuta, Y.
name: Shah, N. N.
name: Kasow, K. A.
name: DeFilipp, Z.
name: Lazarus, H. M.
name: Jacobsohn, D. A.
name: Duncan, C. N.
name: Malone, A. K.
name: Ramanathan, M.
name: Norkin, M.
name: Abraham, A. A.
name: Majhail, N. S.
name: Inamoto, Y.
name: Savani, B. N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HCT) recipients have a substantial risk of developing secondary solid cancers, particularly beyond 5 years after HCT and without reaching a plateau overtime. A working group was established through the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research and the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation with the goal to facilitate implementation of cancer screening appropriate to HCT recipients. The working group reviewed guidelines and methods for cancer screening applicable to the general population and reviewed the incidence and risk factors for secondary cancers after HCT. A consensus approach was used to establish recommendations for individual secondary cancers. The most common sites include oral cavity, skin, breast and thyroid. Risks of cancers are increased after HCT compared with the general population in skin, thyroid, oral cavity, esophagus, liver, nervous system, bone and connective tissues. Myeloablative TBI, young age at HCT, chronic GVHD and prolonged immunosuppressive treatment beyond 24 months were well-documented risk factors for many types of secondary cancers. All HCT recipients should be advised of the risks of secondary cancers annually and encouraged to undergo recommended screening based on their predisposition. Here we propose guidelines to help clinicians in providing screening and preventive care for secondary cancers among HCT recipients.
Dopaminergic effects on in vitro osteogenesis
Creators: name: Wong, Sing Wai
name: Tseng, Henry C.
name: Deng, Meng
name: Lee, Dong Joon
name: Ko, Ching Chang
name: Wang, Zhengyan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Multiple growth factors (e.g., BMP2, TGF-β1, FGF2) and isolated genes have been shown to improve osteoblastic proliferation and mineralization, advancing bone tissue engineering. Among these factors, both polydopamine (PDA) and dopamine (DA) monomer have recently been reported to increase osteoblast proliferation and mineralization in vitro. Although a well-characterized neurotransmitter, DA’s role in the bone is unknown. We hypothesize that DA can directly act on osteoblasts, and examined whether osteoblasts express DA receptors that respond to exogenous DA. mRNAs and protein cell lysates were obtained from MC3T3-E1 cells during osteogenic differentiation phase. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to examine the expression of DA receptors, D1–D5. Dose-response effect and time course of DA treatment on cell proliferation, mineralization, and osteogenic differentiation were investigated at pre-determined days. Real-time PCR was performed to investigate whether DA affects osteogenic gene expression (ALP, BSP, OC, OSX, RUNX2, and Collagen1a2) with or without receptor antagonists (SCH233390 and GR103691). Two-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. All five DA receptors (D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5) mRNAs and proteins were expressed in MC3T3-E1 cells. DA treatment increased cell proliferation for up to 7 days (P < 0.05). Osteogenic mineralization was significantly greater in the DA-treated group than control group (P < 0.05). Finally, expression of all the osteogenic genes was inhibited by DA receptor antagonists for D1, D3, and D5. Our findings suggest that MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts express functional DA receptors that enhance proliferation and mineralization. PDA is not biologically inert and has important implications in orthopedic applications. Furthermore, osteoblast differentiation might be regulated by the nervous system, presumably during bone development, remodeling, or repair.
The American Brachytherapy Society Treatment Recommendations for Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Cervix Part II: High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy
Creators: name: Erickson, Beth
name: De Los Santos, Jennifer F.
name: Kirisits, Christian
name: Jones, Ellen
name: Hansen, Jorgen
name: Beriwal, Sushil
name: Gaffney, David
name: Thomadsen, Bruce
name: Viswanathan, Akila N.
name: Demanes, D. Jeffrey
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: This report presents the 2011 update to the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy guidelines for locally advanced cervical cancer.
title: Spatial and Temporal Considerations in Vehicle Path Tracking With an Emphasis on Spatial Robustness
Creators: name: Cripps, Donald L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2003

description: This dissertation researches the task and path management of an autonomous vehicle with Ackerman-type steering.
The task management problem was approached as a path training operation in which a human operator drives the desired path through an environment. A training trajectory is converted into a series of path segments that are driveable by the autonomous vehicle by first fitting a general path to the dataset. Next, transition segments are added to the general path to match the vehicle velocity and steering angle rate limit.
The path management problem has been approached by first deriving a kine- matic model of the vehicle. The time domain model is expressed in the frequency domain and then converted into a spatial frequency domain. Next, a stability crite- rion is derived and used in the synthesis of a spatially-robust path controller.
title: Jet Velocity Dissipation and Modelling With Aeration
Creators: name: Schlenker, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1993

description: The effects of natural aeration and fall height upon velocity dissipation and modelling were studied. Underwater velocities and void ratios (proportion of air volume to total volume) were measured along the jet centerline at various depths in the receiving pool under 1- and 2-inch diameter vertical circular free-falling jets. Maximum air bubble penetration depths were also measured. In the tests, the nozzle velocities were designed so that the two differently sized models would have equivalent Froude numbers for direct comparison of respective underwater parameters. Air entrainment-the natural development of air bubbles within a pool receiving a free-falling jet-causes voids to exist within the underwater jet flowfield. These voids lead to dissipation of underwater downward momentum flux and velocity. The measured velocities and void ratios were analyzed in context with previous research concerning the effects of natural aeration upon scour.
In general, higher jet Reynolds numbers and fall heights caused higher natural aeration rates and void ratios levels. Thus, these factors increased dissipation of underwater velocities. Fall height allowed for more radical transformations in jet diameter and velocity between nozzle and pool. Reynolds number enhanced jet expansion from air resistance, and gravity caused jet contraction. The overall Reynolds number effect diminished with scale.
By applying underwater jet diffusion theory and momentum flux analysis, a model was developed to predict underwater velocities along the jet centerline in the pool under free-falling jets for water depths up to 25 jet diameters. The correlation coefficient (r2) between the predicted velocities and measured velocities was 0.963. Methods of estimating centerline void ratios at any depth, centerline jet velocity entering pool, and maximum air bubble penetration depths were also developed.
Comparisons of measured underwater velocities and previous scour data from jets designed in Froude similitude were made. In cases of lower Froude numbers and higher fall heights, the smaller scale jets produced significantly larger relative velocities and scour depths. Froude similitude should be maintained if the difference inthe void ratios between scales remains small. Froude modelling maybe applied if certain sediment sizes and nozzle Reynolds numbers are exceeded in the model.
National and International Environmental Law and Justice. The Unresolved Issues. 6. Biopiracy-Bioprospecting-Biocolonisation-Scientific Colonization
Creators: name: Ramakrishna Venkatasamy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biopiracy-Bioprospecting-Biocolonization-Scientific Colonization-Bioresources-Indigenous/Local Knowledge-Green Criminology

description: Amongst the several unresolved issues in National and International Environmental Law and Justice, Biopiracy, Bioprospecting, Biocolonisation and Scientific Colonization remain yet unresolved. Described as the theft of nature and indigenous/local knowledge, the practices have been compared with colonization during the era of imperialism, and now re-invented by corporations and capitalism as neo-colonialism. The complexities of these persistent social cum environmental crimes, and the legal implications as associated with Green Criminology are analysed and discussed.
Supporting Material: Hybrid and Discontinuous Finite Element Methods for porous media flow problems
Creators: name: Volpatto, Diego Tavares
name: Gomes, Antonio Tadeu Azevedo
name: Loula, Abimael Fernando Dourado
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Supporting material containing the scripts and Python Notebooks used to generate most of the results presented in the Ph.D. thesis "Hybrid and Discontinuous Finite Element Methods for porous media flow problems".
When large n is not enough---Distribution-free Interval Estimators for Ratios of Quantiles
Creators: name: Prendergast, Luke A.
name: Staudte, Robert G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62G05

description: Ratios of sample percentiles or of quantiles based on a single sample are often published for skewed income data to illustrate aspects of income inequality, but distribution-free confidence intervals for such ratios are to our knowledge not in the literature. Here we derive and compare two large-sample methods for obtaining such intervals. They both require good distribution-free estimates of the quantile density at the quantiles of interest, and such estimates have recently become available. Simulation studies for various sample sizes are carried out for Pareto, lognormal and exponential distributions, as well as fitted generalized lambda distributions, to determine the coverage probabilities and widths of the intervals. Robustness of the estimators to contamination or a positive proportion of zero incomes is examined via influence functions. The motivating example is Australian household income data where ratios of quantiles measure inequality, but of course these results apply equally to data from other countries.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures
Rankin--Eisenstein classes in Coleman families
Creators: name: Loeffler, David
name: Zerbes, Sarah Livia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F85, 11F67, 11G40, 14G35

description: We show that the Euler system associated to Rankin--Selberg convolutions of modular forms, introduced in our earlier works with Lei and Kings, varies analytically as the modular forms vary in $p$-adic Coleman families. We prove an explicit reciprocity law for these families, and use this to prove cases of the Bloch--Kato conjecture for Rankin--Selberg convolutions.
description: Updated version, to appear in "Research in the Mathematical Sciences" (Robert Coleman memorial volume)
Antipolar ordering of topological defects in active liquid crystals
Creators: name: Oza, Anand U.
name: Dunkel, Jörn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: ATP-driven microtubule-kinesin bundles can self-assemble into two-dimensional active liquid crystals (ALCs) that exhibit a rich creation and annihilation dynamics of topological defects, reminiscent of particle-pair production processes in quantum systems. This recent discovery has sparked considerable interest but a quantitative theoretical description is still lacking. We present and validate a minimal continuum theory for this new class of active matter systems by generalizing the classical Landau-de Gennes free-energy to account for the experimentally observed spontaneous buckling of motor-driven extensile microtubule bundles. The resulting model agrees with recently published data and predicts a regime of antipolar order. Our analysis implies that ALCs are governed by the same generic ordering principles that determine the non-equilibrium dynamics of dense bacterial suspensions and elastic bilayer materials. Moreover, the theory manifests an energetic analogy with strongly interacting quantum gases. Generally, our results suggest that complex non-equilibrium pattern-formation phenomena might be predictable from a few fundamental symmetry-breaking and scale-selection principles.
description: final accepted journal version; SI text and movies available at article on iop.org
A radiopaque polymer hydrogel used as a fiducial marker in gynecologic-cancer patients receiving brachytherapy
Creators: name: Bair, Eric
name: Viswanathan, Akila N.
name: Bair, Ryan J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We assessed a novel Food and Drug Administration–approved hydrogel, synthesized as absorbable iodinated particles, in gynecologic-cancer patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) based brachytherapy after external beam radiation.
Atomic Clouds as Spectrally-Selective and Tunable Delay Lines for Single Photons from Quantum Dots
Creators: name: Wildmann, Johannes S.
name: Trotta, Rinaldo
name: Martín-Sánchez, Javier
name: Zallo, Eugenio
name: Schmidt, Oliver G.
name: Rastelli, Armando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a compact, spectrally-selective, and tunable delay line for single photons emitted by quantum dots. This is achieved by fine-tuning the wavelength of the optical transitions of such "artificial atoms" into a spectral window in which a cloud of natural atoms behaves as slow-light medium. By employing the ground-state fine-structure-split exciton confined in an InGaAs/GaAs quantum dot as a source of single photons at different frequencies and the hyperfine-structure-split $D_1$ transition of Cs-vapors as a tunable delay-medium, we achieve a differential delay of up 2.4 ns on a 7.5 cm long path for photons that are only 60 μeV (14.5 GHz) apart. To quantitatively explain the experimental data we develop a theoretical model that accounts for both the inhomogeneously broadening of the quantum-dot emission lines and the Doppler-broadening of the atomic lines. The concept we proposed here may be used to implement time-reordering operations aimed at erasing the "which-path" information that deteriorates entangled-photon emission from excitons with finite fine-structure-splitting.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures
Visuospatial executive function in Turner syndrome: functional MRI and neurocognitive findings
Creators: name: Hart, Sarah J.
name: Davenport, Marsha L.
name: Belger, Aysenil
name: Hooper, Stephen R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Turner syndrome is a genetic disorder that results from an abnormal or missing X chromosome in females and is typically associated with impairments in visuospatial, but not verbal, information processing. These visuospatial processing impairments may be exacerbated with increased task demands, such as those engaged during working memory (WM). While previous studies have examined spatial WM function in Turner syndrome, none have directly compared the neural correlates of spatial and verbal WM processes across the encoding, maintenance and retrieval phases. We employed both neurocognitive assessments and functional MRI (fMRI) to examine the neural circuitry underlying both verbal and visuospatial WM functions in individuals with Turner syndrome and normal controls. We furthermore examined the vulnerability of task-related fMRI activation to distracters presented during WM maintenance. Fifteen healthy female volunteers and eight individuals with Turner syndrome performed a delayed-response WM task during fMRI scanning. Neurocognitive tests revealed impaired performance across both verbal and spatial domains in Turner syndrome, with greater impairment on tasks with WM demands. Frontoparietal regions in controls showed significantly sustained levels of activation during visuospatial WM. This sustained activation was significantly reduced in the group with Turner syndrome. Domain-specific activation of temporal regions, in contrast, did not differ between the two groups. Sensory distraction during the WM maintenance phase did not differentially alter frontoparietal activation between the two groups. The results reveal impaired frontoparietal circuitry recruitment during visuospatial executive processing in Turner syndrome, suggesting a significant role for the X chromosome in the development of these pathways.
Adiabatic black hole growth in Sérsic models of elliptical galaxies
Creators: name: Jingade, Naveen
name: Saini, Tarun Deep
name: Tremaine, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have examined the effect of slow growth of a central black hole on spherical galaxies that obey Sérsic or $R^{1/m}$ surface-brightness profiles. During such growth the actions of each stellar orbit are conserved, which allows us to compute the final distribution function if we assume that the initial distribution function is isotropic. We find that black-hole growth leads to a central cusp or ``excess light', in which the surface brightness varies with radius as $R^{-1.3}$ (with a weak dependence on Sérsic index $m$), the line-of-sight velocity dispersion varies as $R^{-1/2}$, and the velocity anisotropy is $β\simeq -0.24$ to $-0.28$ depending on $m$. The excess stellar mass in the cusp scales approximately linearly with the black-hole mass, and is typically 0.5--0.85 times the black-hole mass. This process may strongly influence the structure of nuclear star clusters if they contain black holes.
description: Submitted, 10 pages,13 figures in ApJ (2015)
title: Centering Indigenous Knowledge: Reimagining Research Methods, Pedagogies, and Sustainability With Niitsitapi Awaaáhsskataiksi (Blackfoot Elders)
Creators: name: Atwood, Sandra Bartlett
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: My research sought to better engage with Indigenous ways of knowing and being (IWKB). Specifically, I collaborated with Blackfoot Elders (and Hawaiian Kupuna) to better understand 1) their perspectives towards land, 2) what factors instigate and perpetuate these perspectives, 3) how these perspectives play out in terms of identity; well being; daily life; education; environmental concern, behavior, and stewardship, and 4) ways that these perspectives towards land can inform and transform Western perspectives on land and perhaps lead to better and more equitable social-ecological outcomes. I approached this from three angles. First, I described a method for braiding Indigenous and Western scientific approaches to broaden the ways we might think about the human-environment relationship. Then I explored how IWKB (Blackfoot and Native Hawaiian) regarding nature are disrupted by recreation use, to the detriment of both Indigenous experience of their native lands and of the land itself. Finally, I described how K-12 science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) educators may be able to effectively accommodate both Western and IWKB in their teaching and how this broader perspective could lead non-Indigenous persons to treat the land differently as well as create greater continuity for Indigenous learners.
Copyright and Artificial Intelligence - Literature review
Creators: name: Tarnovskaya, Ekaterina
name: hitchen, graham
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: This literature review captures the debate around AI and copyright, focusing on academic literature, blog posts and grey literature. Coinciding with the second government consultation on AI and copyright launched in 2024, the literature review looks at alternative approaches from which the UK might learn.
title: Influence of Hydrologic History on Nitrogen Cycling in Lake Sediments
Creators: name: Jainarain, Emily
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Water quality is declining in freshwater lakes around the world due to environmental change and anthropogenic activities that threaten the physical, ecological, and geochemical integrity of freshwater ecosystems. Excess N and P in lakes can cause eutrophication, a major driver of water quality impairment that leads to excessive algal growth, or harmful algal blooms (HABs), and poses risks to recreation, fisheries, and public drinking water. Water level fluctuations in lakes are expected to become more frequent and intense as climate change increases periods of drought and alters precipitation patterns, and fluctuations may stimulate biogeochemical reactions in littoral sediments that add or remove bioavailable nutrients and impair water quality in lakes. This study assessed the effect of drying and rewetting on nitrogen cycling in littoral sediments at Utah Lake, a shallow, hypereutrophic lake in Utah, USA.
Nitrogen fluxes were assessed during dry summer conditions and transitional fall conditions in three field sampling campaigns across three zones (saturated, littoral, and upland) with different hydrologic histories. Sediment and water samples were analyzed for bioavailable nutrients (sediment nitrate, and sediment ammonium) and sediment nitrogen cycling (denitrification, mineralization, nitrification, and microbial biomass C and N). Our results showed considerable variability across zones. High levels of sediment ammonium were found in the lake zones and in winter across all zones, while high levels of nitrate and rates of mineralization were found in the upland zones. Carbon availability sediment moisture, and pH strongly influenced these results. We hypothesize that if lake levels decrease and more sediments are exposed, there is potential for bioavailable nutrients to leach into the groundwater and contribute to internal nitrogen loading.
The results of this study will contribute to the creation of an internal nutrient loading budget of Utah Lake. With this data, we will better understand the relationships between external and internal nutrient loading to Utah Lake. From there, the most significant sources of nutrients to the lake will be identified and we can begin to reduce nutrient loads in order to manage eutrophication.
La Scienza Aperta per chi fa ricerca: significato, valore e vademecum
Creators: name: Bianco, Stefano
name: Patrizii, Laura
Publisher: name: INFN Open Access Repository
Year: 2023
Subjects: Scienza aperta
open science
open access
pubblicazioni
archivi

description: Presentazione a Legnaro 2 febbraio 2023
title: An Evaluation of Stress Tolerance in Restoration Plant Species in Response to Fire, Drought, and Invasive Plants Through the Lens of Functional Traits
Creators: name: Clifford, Adam M.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Sagebrush communities in the Great Basin face many threats. Cheatgrass, a winter annual from Eurasia, has invaded these communities, increasing wildfire and lowering species diversity. Additionally, climate models project warmer and drier conditions throughout much of the Great Basin, likely increasing drought, cheatgrass invasion, and wildfire. Intact stands of native and introduced perennial grasses have been shown to limit invasion by cheatgrass and restore ecosystem functions. The objective of this research was to identify the functional traits and growth characteristics needed by restoration species to survive periods of drought and to evaluate varieties of commonly used restoration species for establishment, persistence, weeds, cheatgrass, and post-fire recovery over seven years in the Great Basin.
In a greenhouse experiment, I investigated the growth strategies and functional traits of cheatgrass and three species of perennial grasses under frequent and infrequent watering regimes. The perennial grasses included one native species, blue bunch wheatgrass, and two introduced species, crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass. After 48 days, roots and shoots were harvested and analyzed. Under a frequent watering regime, cheatgrass had significantly higher growth responses than the perennial grasses. However, under infrequent watering, restoration grasses had similar values of root tips, root mass, leaf mass and total productivity as cheatgrass, suggesting that restoration species may be more competitive with cheatgrass during periods of low water availability. Additionally, the results showed that blue bunch wheatgrass displayed different responses to water treatments when compared to the other species, with no change or increases in growth responses under infrequent water.
At research plots in Ephraim, UT, 52 varieties of 13 species of perennial grasses were planted in May 2015. Establishment data was collected in 2016. In November 2020, a fire burned all plots. Persistence, cheatgrass frequency, and frequency of weeds was measured in 2021 and 2022. Analyses showed that one group had significantly higher establishment and persistence and significantly lower frequency of cheatgrass than all other groups. This diverse group contained all varieties of crested wheatgrass, Siberian wheatgrass, and intermediate wheatgrass, along with some varieties of basin wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, Salina wildrye, Snake River wheatgrass, and thick spike wheatgrass.
The results of these studies demonstrate that a diversity of plant materials can establish, persist, and resist cheatgrass through drought and fire. This suggests the importance of understanding the functional traits possessed by each species and variety, and that species selection should be performed on the basis of functional traits that can meet management objectives.
Multiple chronic pain states are associated with a common amino acid–changing allele in KCNS1
Creators: name: Nikolajsen, Lone
name: Lu, Yan
name: Kiselycznyk, Carly
name: Coppola, Giovanni
name: Dai, Feng
name: Costigan, Michael
name: Geschwind, Daniel H.
name: Maixner, William
name: Griffin, Robert S.
name: Allchorne, Andrew
name: Karppinen, Jaro
name: Goldman, David
name: Zaykin, Dmitri
name: Woolf, Clifford J.
name: Kelempisioti, Anthi
name: Poddar, Minakshi
name: Seltzer, Ze'Ev
name: Männikkö, Minna
name: Cobos, Enrique J.
name: Wu, Tianxia
name: Max, Mitchell B.
name: Diatchenko, Luda
name: Belfer, Inna
name: Shen, Pei Hong
name: Smith, Shad
name: Barrett, Lee B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Not all patients with nerve injury develop neuropathic pain. The extent of nerve damage and age at the time of injury are two of the few risk factors identified to date. In addition, preclinical studies show that neuropathic pain variance is heritable. To define such factors further, we performed a large-scale gene profiling experiment which plotted global expression changes in the rat dorsal root ganglion in three peripheral neuropathic pain models. This resulted in the discovery that the potassium channel alpha subunit KCNS1, involved in neuronal excitability, is constitutively expressed in sensory neurons and markedly downregulated following nerve injury. KCNS1 was then characterized by an unbiased network analysis as a putative pain gene, a result confirmed by single nucleotide polymorphism association studies in humans. A common amino acid changing allele, the ‘valine risk allele’, was significantly associated with higher pain scores in five of six independent patient cohorts assayed (total of 1359 subjects). Risk allele prevalence is high, with 18–22% of the population homozygous, and an additional 50% heterozygous. At lower levels of nerve damage (lumbar back pain with disc herniation) association with greater pain outcome in homozygote patients is P = 0.003, increasing to P = 0.0001 for higher levels of nerve injury (limb amputation). The combined P-value for pain association in all six cohorts tested is 1.14 E−08. The risk profile of this marker is additive: two copies confer the most, one intermediate and none the least risk. Relative degrees of enhanced risk vary between cohorts, but for patients with lumbar back pain, they range between 2- and 3-fold. Although work still remains to define the potential role of this protein in the pathogenic process, here we present the KCNS1 allele rs734784 as one of the first prognostic indicators of chronic pain risk. Screening for this allele could help define those individuals prone to a transition to persistent pain, and thus requiring therapeutic strategies or lifestyle changes that minimize nerve injury.
Control of Förster energy transfer in vicinity of metallic surfaces and hyperbolic metamaterials
Creators: name: Tumkur, Thejaswi U.
name: Kitur, John K.
name: Bonner, Carl E.
name: Poddubny, Alexander N.
name: Narimanov, Evgenii E.
name: Noginov, Mikhail A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical cavities, plasmonic structures, photonic band crystals, interfaces, as well as, generally speaking, any photonic media with homogeneous or spatially inhomogeneous dielectric permittivity (including metamaterials) have local densities of photonic states, which are different from that in vacuum. These modified density of states environments are known to control both the rate and angular distribution of spontaneous emission. In the present study, we ask the question whether the proximity to metallic and metamaterial surfaces can affect other physical phenomena of fundamental and practical importance. We show that the same substrates and the same nonlocal dielectric environments that boost spontaneous emission, also inhibit Förster energy transfer between donor and acceptor molecules doped into a thin polymeric film. This finding correlates with the fact that in dielectric media, the rate of spontaneous emission is proportional to the index of refraction n, while the rate of the donor-acceptor energy transfer (in solid solutions with random distribution of acceptors) is proportional to n^-1.5. This heuristic correspondence suggests that other classical and quantum phenomena, which in regular dielectric media depend on n, can also be controlled with custom-tailored metamaterials, plasmonic structures, and cavities.
description: Faraday Discussions, FD 178, 2015, Advance Article
Novel forms of neurofascin 155 in the central nervous system: alterations in paranodal disruption models and multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Shroff, Seema M.
name: Sato-Bigbee, Carmen
name: Pomicter, Anthony D.
name: Rasband, Matthew N.
name: Fuss, Babette
name: Brophy, Peter J.
name: Dupree, Jeffrey L.
name: Bhat, Manzoor A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Stability of the myelin-axon unit is achieved, at least in part, by specialized paranodal junctions comprised of the neuronal heterocomplex of contactin and contactin-associated protein and the myelin protein neurofascin 155. In multiple sclerosis, normal distribution of these proteins is altered, resulting in the loss of the insulating myelin and consequently causing axonal dysfunction. Previously, this laboratory reported that mice lacking the myelin-enriched lipid sulphatide are characterized by a progressive deterioration of the paranodal structure. Here, it is shown that this deterioration is preceded by significant loss of neurofascin 155 clustering at the myelin paranode. Interestingly, prolonged electrophoretic separation revealed the existence of two neurofascin 155 bands, neurofascin 155 high and neurofascin 155 low, which are readily observed following N-linked deglycosylation. Neurofascin 155 high is observed at 7 days of age and reaches peak expression at one month of age, while neurofascin 155 low is first observed at 14 days of age and constantly increases until 5 months of age. Studies using conditional neurofascin knockout mice indicated that neurofascin 155 high and neurofascin 155 low are products of the neurofascin gene and are exclusively expressed by oligodendrocytes within the central nervous system. Neurofascin 155 high is a myelin paranodal protein while the distribution of neurofascin 155 low remains to be determined. While neurofascin 155 high levels are significantly reduced in the sulphatide null mice at 15 days, 30 days and 4 months of age, neurofascin 155 low levels remain unaltered. Although maintained at normal levels, neurofascin 155 low is incapable of preserving paranodal structure, thus indicating that neurofascin 155 high is required for paranodal stability. Additionally, comparisons between neurofascin 155 high and neurofascin 155 low in human samples revealed a significant alteration, specifically in multiple sclerosis plaques.
Amplifying the Impact of Open Access: Wikipedia and the Diffusion of Science
Creators: name: Teplitskiy, Misha
name: Lu, Grace
name: Duede, Eamon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the rise of Wikipedia as a first-stop source for scientific knowledge, it is important to compare its representation of that knowledge to that of the academic literature. Here we identify the 250 most heavily used journals in each of 26 research fields (4,721 journals, 19.4M articles in total) indexed by the Scopus database, and test whether topic, academic status, and accessibility make articles from these journals more or less likely to be referenced on Wikipedia. We find that a journal's academic status (impact factor) and accessibility (open access policy) both strongly increase the probability of it being referenced on Wikipedia. Controlling for field and impact factor, the odds that an open access journal is referenced on the English Wikipedia are 47% higher compared to paywall journals. One of the implications of this study is that a major consequence of open access policies is to significantly amplify the diffusion of science, through an intermediary like Wikipedia, to a broad audience.
description: An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Wikipedia Workshop at 9th International Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM), Oxford, UK, Forthcoming in: Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 2015
Yield statistics of interpolated superoscillations
Creators: name: Katzav, Eytan
name: Perlsman, Ehud
name: Schwartz, Moshe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Yield Optimized Interpolated Superoscillations (YOIS) have been recently introduced as a means for possibly making the use of the phenomenon of superoscillation practical. In this paper we study how good is a superoscillation that is not optimal. Namely, by how much is the yield decreased when the signal departs from the optimal one. We consider two situations. One is the case where the signal strictly obeys the interpolation requirement and the other is when that requirement is relaxed. In the latter case the yield can be increased at the expense of deterioration of signal quality. An important conclusion is that optimizing superoscillations may be challenging in terms of the precision needed, however, storing and using them is not at all that sensitive. This is of great importance in any physical system where noise and error are inevitable.
description: 22 pages, 18 figures. Accepted to J. Phys. A
Altered corpus callosum morphology associated with autism over the first 2 years of life
Creators: name: Piven, Joseph
name: Wolff, Jason J.
name: Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie
name: Styner, Martin A.
name: Dager, Stephen R.
name: Vachet, Clement
name: Elison, Jed T.
name: Gerig, Guido
name: Estes, Annette M.
name: Hazlett, Heather C.
name: Schultz, Robert T.
name: Lewis, John D.
name: Soda, Takahiro
name: Botteron, Kelly N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Numerous brain imaging studies indicate that the corpus callosum is smaller in older children and adults with autism spectrum disorder. However, there are no published studies examining the morphological development of this connective pathway in infants at-risk for the disorder. Magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 270 infants at high familial risk for autism spectrum disorder and 108 low-risk controls at 6, 12 and 24 months of age, with 83% of infants contributing two or more data points. Fifty-seven children met criteria for ASD based on clinical-best estimate diagnosis at age 2 years. Corpora callosa were measured for area, length and thickness by automated segmentation. We found significantly increased corpus callosum area and thickness in children with autism spectrum disorder starting at 6 months of age. These differences were particularly robust in the anterior corpus callosum at the 6 and 12 month time points. Regression analysis indicated that radial diffusivity in this region, measured by diffusion tensor imaging, inversely predicted thickness. Measures of area and thickness in the first year of life were correlated with repetitive behaviours at age 2 years. In contrast to work from older children and adults, our findings suggest that the corpus callosum may be larger in infants who go on to develop autism spectrum disorder. This result was apparent with or without adjustment for total brain volume. Although we did not see a significant interaction between group and age, cross-sectional data indicated that area and thickness differences diminish by age 2 years. Regression data incorporating diffusion tensor imaging suggest that microstructural properties of callosal white matter, which includes myelination and axon composition, may explain group differences in morphology.