The Fairbank Data Recovery Project: Prehistoric and Historic Era Excavations along the San Pedro River
Creators: name: Brin, Adam
Publisher: name: Desert Archaeology Inc.
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Fairbank
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/80239/fairbank
subject: State Route 82
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83300/state-route-82
subject: Cochise County (County)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/341/cochise-county-county
subject: Walnut Gulch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83302/walnut-gulch
subject: Babocomari River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83221/babocomari-river
subject: Fairbank Townsite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/83301/fairbank-townsite
subject: San Pedro River
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79527/san-pedro-river
subject: Arizona (State / Territory)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/79515/arizona-state-territory
subject: Historic Era
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6627/historic-era
subject: Pithouse Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/6628/pithouse-period
subject: Pithouse Period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/5646/pithouse-period
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Historic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/25/historic
subject: Euroamerican
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/28/euroamerican
subject: AZ EE:8:3 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/89792/az-ee83-asm
subject: Walnut Gulch
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/89794/walnut-gulch
subject: Fairbank Townsite
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/89793/fairbank-townsite
subject: AZ EE:8:337 (ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/89795/az-ee8337-asm
subject: Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/301/funerary-and-burial-structures-or-features
subject: Cemetery
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/302/cemetery
subject: Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/334/structure
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Historic Structure
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/336/historic-structure
subject: Cremation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/880/cremation
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Non-Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/309/non-domestic-structures
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Settlements
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/252/settlements
subject: Town / City
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/255/town-city
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Road, Trail, and Related Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/294/road-trail-and-related-structures-or-features
subject: Bridge
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/295/bridge
subject: Railroad
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/298/railroad
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Wood
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/15/wood
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Fire Cracked Rock
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/5/fire-cracked-rock
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Macrobotanical
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/10/macrobotanical
subject: Metal
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/11/metal
subject: Mineral
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/12/mineral
subject: Historic Cemetary
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/other-keyword/125098/historic-cemetary
subject: Data Recovery / Excavation
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/5/data-recovery-excavation
subject: Heritage Management
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/24/heritage-management
subject: Site Evaluation / Testing
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/10/site-evaluation-testing

description: The Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and HDR Engineering, Inc., proposed a highway- widening project along State Route 82 (SR82) in Cochise County, Arizona. The proposed project included the addition of a turn lane and relocation of the entrance into the historic Fairbank Townsite, AZ EE:8:3 (ASM), an archaeological site and historic property administered by the BLM. The project was initiated for safety issues related to visibility concerns. The road-widening project was within the ADOT right-of-way on both the northern and southern sides of SR 82, an easement on land administered by the BLM. Results of the data recovery excavations conducted by Desert Archaeology, Inc., prior to the highway project are presented in this report. The proposed project was expected to affect both the prehistoric and historic components at the site, as well as two historic era linear railroad sites located within the boundaries of the Fairbank Townsite: AZ EE:4:43 (ASM) and AZ EE:3:73 (ASM).The data recovery plan specified test trenching followed by excavation units and area exposures of selected features, such as pithouses, historic structures, pits, and privies (Cook 2002). The Arizona State Museum (ASM) site number EE:8:3 was assigned in 1937. The site was initially defined by its prehistoric component, but over the years, this designation has come to include the historic Fairbank Townsite as well. To avoid confusion, the Historic era site and features are referred to herein as the Fairbank Townsite, while the prehistoric component at the site, which underlies the historic occupation, is called Walnut Gulch. The historic Fairbank Townsite includes two loci —the cluster of standing architecture north of SR 82 adjacent to the project area, and a depot and associated structures located south of the highway along the tracks of AZ EE:3:74 (ASM), the El Paso and Southwestern Railroad. The prehistoric component, Walnut Gulch, was initially identified by Haury, based on a pithouse eroding from the bank of Walnut Gulch, located south of the historic Fairbank Townsite. However, surface artifacts on both sides of SR82 indicated that subsurface deposits and features were present in the immediate vicinity of the townsite. This also minimizes confusion with the Late Archaic Fairbank site, AZ EE:8:1(ASM), which is located northwest of the confluence of the San Pedro and Babocomari rivers.