cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of three-year results of a university hospital smoking cessation policlinic
Creators: name: Oksuz, Ergun
name: Eminsoy, Muzaffer Gokhan
name: Sozen, Fisun
name: Karabekir, Mustafa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111707 Family Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Introduction/Aim: The World Health Organization considers smoking as a disease to be treated. The number of smoking cessation policlinics is increasing day by day due to social awareness, emerging diseases and economic reasons. The aim of the study was to evaluate socio-demographic information, addiction scores and smoking cessation of patients.Materials and Methods: 297 patients who applied to a university hospital smoking cessation policlinic between March 2015 and July 2018 were called and asked for smoking cessation information in this descriptive study.Results: Patients’ (60,4% male, 39,6% female) mean age was 42,6 years. Of them 59,2% were university graduates and 64,3% were married. 46,8% of the applicants were using alcohol. 66,9% of the patients had varenicline, 30,6% of them had bupropion and 2,4% had used the nicotine band. As a result of the telephone calls, 62,6% stated that they quit smoking and 35,4% didn’t. The Fagerström Dependency Score was 6,7; while the average value of breath CO measurements was 9,8 ppm. The mean duration of smoking was 23,4 years and the average smoking time was 1,2 packs/year. 119 of the 190 varenicline, 64 of the 87 bupropion and 3 of the 7 nicotine band using patients quitted smoking.Conclusion: Smoking cessation treatment is very important in protecting the society as well as the diseases that are caused by tobacco. The success rates of policlinics depend on the psychological, physical and behavioral aspects of tobacco dependence and also the patients’ cooperation.
On the origin of the premature breakdown of thermal oxide on 3C-SiC probed by electrical scanning probe microscopy
Creators: name: Fiorenza, P.
name: Schilirò, E.
name: Giannazzo, F.
name: Bongiorno, C.
name: Zielinski, M.
name: La Via, F.
name: Roccaforte, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dielectric breakdown (BD) of thermal oxide (SiO2) grown on cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) was investigated comparing the electrical behavior of macroscopic metal-oxidesemiconductor (MOS) capacitors with nanoscale current and capacitance mapping using conductive atomic force (C-AFM) and scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). Spatially resolved statistics of the oxide BD events by C-AFM revealed that the extrinsic premature BD is correlated to the presence of peculiar extended defects, the anti-phase boundaries (APBs), in the 3C-SiC layer. SCM analyses showed a larger carrier density at the stacking faults (SFs) the 3C-SiC, that can be explained by a locally enhanced density of states in the conduction band. On the other hand, a local increase of minority carriers concentration was deduced for APBs, indicating that they behave as conducting defects having also the possibility to trap positive charges. The results were explained with the local electric field enhancement in correspondence of positively charged defects.
Hydrodynamic approach to transport and quantum turbulence in nanoscale conductors
Creators: name: D'Agosta, Roberto
name: Di Ventra, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The description of electron-electron interactions in transport problems is both analytically and numerically difficult. Here we show that a much simpler description of electron transport in the presence of interactions can be achieved in nanoscale systems. In particular, we show that the electron flow in nanoscale conductors can be described by Navier-Stokes type of equations with an effective electron viscosity, i.e., on a par with the dynamics of a viscous and compressible classical fluid. By using this hydrodynamic approach we derive the conditions for the transition from laminar to turbulent flow in nanoscale systems and discuss possible experimental tests of our predictions.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, Latex
Agricultural Growth Linkages in Ethiopia: Estimates using Fixed and Flexible Price Models
Creators: name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Fekadu, Belay
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum
name: Wamisho, Kassu
name: Yu, Bingxin
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Fekadu, Belay
name: Haggblade, Steven
name: Taffesse, Alemayehu Seyoum
name: Wamisho, Kassu
name: Yu, Bingxin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: International Development

description: Accelerating growth and poverty reduction, and the ultimate achievement of structural transformation, are the critical policy challenges in present day Ethiopia. This paper examines relevant growth options in terms of their impact on overall growth and poverty reduction in the country. It deploys a fixed-price semi-input-output model and a flexible-price economy-wide multi-market model for that purpose. The paper finds that agricultural growth can induce higher overall growth and faster poverty reduction than non-agricultural growth, although the latter can also have large growth effects in some cases. Among sub-sectors within agriculture, staple crops have stronger growth linkages. Decomposition of these effects also reveals that consumption linkages are much stronger than production linkages, i.e., the impact of increased consumption demand due to growth (agricultural and non-agricultural) is much larger than that of the corresponding expansion in input demand. Moreover, non-agricultural sectors have to grow in order to match growing supply of agricultural products and increasing demand for non-agricultural products. Otherwise, falling relative prices of agricultural products may dampen the realized gains in growth and poverty reduction.
Om Maal eller Maaschestrømmens Beskaffenhed, i 13 Qvæstioner besvarede af en Geistlig efter hans Visitatsreiser
Creators: name: Krog, Peder
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1720

description: Trykt i Thaarups magazin for Danmarks og Norges Beskrivelse, bind 2.
description: Se også Ms 12, fMs 59 og 231.
Human Strategic Steering Improves Performance of Interactive Optimization
Creators: name: Colella, Fabio
name: Daee, Pedram
name: Jokinen, Jussi
name: Oulasvirta, Antti
name: Kaski, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A central concern in an interactive intelligent system is optimization of its actions, to be maximally helpful to its human user. In recommender systems for instance, the action is to choose what to recommend, and the optimization task is to recommend items the user prefers. The optimization is done based on earlier user's feedback (e.g. "likes" and "dislikes"), and the algorithms assume the feedback to be faithful. That is, when the user clicks "like," they actually prefer the item. We argue that this fundamental assumption can be extensively violated by human users, who are not passive feedback sources. Instead, they are in control, actively steering the system towards their goal. To verify this hypothesis, that humans steer and are able to improve performance by steering, we designed a function optimization task where a human and an optimization algorithm collaborate to find the maximum of a 1-dimensional function. At each iteration, the optimization algorithm queries the user for the value of a hidden function $f$ at a point $x$, and the user, who sees the hidden function, provides an answer about $f(x)$. Our study on 21 participants shows that users who understand how the optimization works, strategically provide biased answers (answers not equal to $f(x)$), which results in the algorithm finding the optimum significantly faster. Our work highlights that next-generation intelligent systems will need user models capable of helping users who steer systems to pursue their goals.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, The paper is published in the proceedings of UMAP 2020. Codes available at https://github.com/fcole90/interactive_bayesian_optimisation
Regional Disparities in Ghana: Policy Options and Public Investment Implications
Creators: name: Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Al-Hassan, Ramatu M.
name: Diao, Xinshen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Ghana
subject: Regional inequality
subject: Poverty reduction
subject: Agricultural growth
subject: Economywide modeling

description: The development pattern in Ghana is characterised by a north-south divide in which the north lags far behind the south. Ghana has achieved sustained growth and poverty reduction during the 1990s, but such growth did not benefit the three poor northern regions and the development gap has increased between the south and north. One of the most important reasons is that much of the growth has been generated by export agriculture in which northern Ghana has little contribution if any. This paper sets out to identify avenues for pro-poor growth in Ghana, focussing on agricultural opportunities, particularly in northern Ghana. Using an economywide, multimarket model and based on time series production data between 1991 and 2000 and Ghana Living Standards Survey data of 1991/92 and 1998/99, this paper analyzes the possible poverty reduction trends up to 2015 by assuming different patterns of growth. The results show that agriculture-led growth has a larger poverty reducing effect than nonagriculture-led growth. Within agriculture, growth in staple crop production reduces poverty more than export crops. In northern Ghana, the staple crops whose growth exerts the largest effect on poverty reduction are groundnut, cassava and cowpea. However, despite the large effects of the agriculture-led growth, the projections of poverty rates in the regions, particularly Upper East are still high implying a need for complementary avenues for poverty reduction. A review of the literature shows that while the north generally is a net migration area, the rewards of migration have been limited because people who migrate have no skills and are, therefore, limited to entering the informal job market where wages are low. The implication is to enhance this labour with education and skills. Ultimately, the regions must attract production investment to boost economic activity and generate local growth. The state must play a leading role in investing in productive and social infrastructure as a way of facilitating the environment for private sector operators.
Low-energy Effective Theory for Spin Dynamics of Fluctuating Stripes
Creators: name: Cheng, Chi-Ho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an effective Hamiltonian for spin dynamics of fluctuating smectic stripes from the t-J model in the weak coupling limit t >> J. Besides the modulation of spin magnitude, the high energy hopping term would induce a low-energy anti-ferromagnetic interaction between two neighboring ``blocks of spins". Based on the effective Hamiltonian, we applied the linear spin-wave theory and found that the spin-wave velocity is almost isotropic for La_{2-x}Sr_x CuO_4 unless the structural effect is considered. The intensity of the second harmonic mode is found to be about 10% to that of the fundamental mode.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
The frequency of intimate partner violence and sexual violence in young women and the effect of their levels on the emotional themes of shame and guilt
Creators: name: Sozen, Fisun
name: Tuz Canan
name: Oksuz, Ergun
name: Ozbakir, Zeliha
name: Ogus, Ersin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 111707 Family Care
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: 111717 Primary Health Care
subject: 111716 Preventive Medicine
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified

description: Background and Aim: The objective was to determine the frequency of intimate partner violence (IPV) and sexual violence (SV) perpetrated by anyone in young women and the distribution of violence according to its types. Materials and Methods: We used a simple random method to select 270 female students attending a university in Ankara, Turkey. The research form consisted the Severity of Violence Against Women Scale (SVAW), the Sexual Experiences Survey–Victimization Version (SES–VV), and the Personal Feelings Questionnaire–2 (PFQ–2). Results: The results show that 56.8% of the participants were exposed to psychological, physical, or sexual IPV or SV; 51.5% of the participants were exposed to IPV; 15.4% of the participants were exposed to SV perpetrated by anyone after the age of 14; and 10.1% of the participants were exposed to both IPV and SV by anyone. Conclusion: Young women have a very high incidence rate both for IPV and SV. The shame and guilt scores of the young women who experienced violence are higher than those who did not. The guilt scores of those who experienced psychological IPV are significantly higher for all levels of psychological violence.
De Urbina, Ignatius Ortiz: Patrologia Syriaca
Creators: name: Engberding, Hieronymus
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 43 (1959): Oriens christianus, Band 43
Extensive lifestyle management intervention following cardiac rehabilitation
Creators: name: Lear, Scott A.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Current management of ischemic heart disease (IHD) includes cardiac rehabilitation programs (CRP)- multi-factorial lifestyle and risk factor management programs that reduce IHD risk, morbidity and mortality. Long-term success of CRP depends upon patient adherence to lifestyle and risk reduction practices. However, many CRP do not include any follow-up. Limited reports describe reduced lifestyle adherence and deterioration of risk factors in patients following CRP. No study has effectively addressed the use of a comprehensive follow-up intervention. This thesis describes a 6-month pilot study and the first year of a four-year follow-up trial of patients with IHD following a CRP. The pilot study provided valuable information that was used in the primary trial. Men and women with history of IHD were recruited into the primary trial and randomized to either a lifestyle management intervention (LMI) or usual care (UC). Participants in the LMI group underwent an intervention that consisted of 6 CRP sessions, 6 telephone follow-up calls and 3 lifestyle and risk factor counselling sessions. The LMI was coordinated by a case manager and focused on patient education, behavioural change and risk factor management. Treatment algorithms, developed from clinical guidelines, were implemented with the help of the participants' family physicians. The UC group was reassessed after one year. The primary outcome was the change in global risk as assessed by the Framingham, PROCAM and Dundee risk scores, with secondary outcomes of changes in lifestyle and risk factors. A total of 302 participants (53 women) were recruited and randomized, 151 each group. After one year, 142 and 136 participants completed the final assessment in the LMI and UC groups, respectively. There were no significant differences in global risk reduction between the two groups. There was a trend toward greater risk reduction in the Framingham and PROCAM scores for the LMI participants. There was also a trend toward more favourable changes in lifestyle and risk factors for the LMI participants. This study demonstrates that a modest intervention such as the LMI is feasible in a large cohort and results in non-significant favourable lifestyle and risk factor changes at one year following completion of CRP.
The Cepheid Distance to the Seyfert 1 Galaxy NGC 4151
Creators: name: Yuan, Wenlong
name: Fausnaugh, Michael M.
name: Hoffmann, Samantha L.
name: Macri, Lucas M.
name: Peterson, Bradley M.
name: Riess, Adam G.
name: Bentz, Misty C.
name: Brown, Jonathan S.
name: Bontà, Elena Dalla
name: Davies, Richard I.
name: de Rosa, Gisella
name: Ferrarese, Laura
name: Grier, Catherine J.
name: Hicks, Erin K. S.
name: Onken, Christopher A.
name: Pogge, Richard W.
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
name: Vestergaard, Marianne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a distance of $15.8\pm0.4$ Mpc to the archetypical Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 4151 based on the near-infrared Cepheid Period-Luminosity relation and new Hubble Space Telescope multiband imaging. This distance determination, based on measurements of 35 long-period ($P > 25$d) Cepheids, will support the absolute calibration of the supermassive black hole mass in this system, as well as studies of the dynamics of the feedback or feeding of its active galactic nucleus.
description: 18 pages. 11 figures. 7 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 10 of Auxin mediates the touch-induced mechanical stimulation of adventitious root formation under windy conditions in Brachypodium distachyon
Creators: name: Nam, Bo Eun
name: Park, Young-Joon
name: Kyung-Eun Gil
name: Ju-Heon Kim
name: Kim, Jae Geun
name: Park, Chung-Mo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 10 Figure S10. Effects of IAA on AR formation.
Measurement of the parity violating 6S-7S transition amplitude in cesium achieved within 2 \times 10^{-13} atomic-unit accuracy by stimulated-emission detection
Creators: name: Guéna, J.
name: Lintz, M.
name: Bouchiat, M. -A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We exploit the process of asymmetry amplification by stimulated emission which provides an original method for parity violation (PV) measurements in a highly forbidden atomic transition. The method involves measurements of a chiral, transient, optical gain of a cesium vapor on the 7S-6P_{3/2} transition, probed after it is excited by an intense, linearly polarized, collinear laser, tuned to resonance for one hyperfine line of the forbidden 6S-7S transition in a longitudinal electric field. We report here a 3.5 fold increase, of the one-second-measurement sensitivity, and subsequent reduction by a factor of 3.5 of the statistical accuracy compared with our previous result [J. Guéna et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 143001 (2003)]. Decisive improvements to the set-up include an increased repetition rate, better extinction of the probe beam at the end of the probe pulse and, for the first time to our knowledge, the following: a polarization-tilt magnifier, quasi-suppression of beam reflections at the cell windows, and a Cs cell with electrically conductive windows. We also present real-time tests of systematic effects, consistency checks on the data, as well as a 1% accurate measurement of the electric field seen by the atoms, from atomic signals. PV measurements performed in seven different vapor cells agree within the statistical error. Our present result is compatible with the more precise Boulder result within our present relative statistical accuracy of 2.6%, corresponding to a 2 \times 10^{-13} atomic-unit uncertainty in E_1^{pv}. Theoretical motivations for further measurements are emphasized and we give a brief overview of a recent proposal that would allow the uncertainty to be reduced to the 0.1% level by creating conditions where asymmetry amplification is much greater.
description: Article 21 pages, 6 figures, 3 tables Typos, addition of few comments and little more data (1 week) leading to a slight reduction of the error bar Accepted for publication in Phys.Rev. A
Properties of the Hot Ambient Medium of Early-type Galaxies Hosting Powerful Radio Sources
Creators: name: Frisbie, Rachel L. S.
name: Donahue, Megan
name: Voit, G. Mark
name: Connor, Thomas
name: Li, Yuan
name: Sun, Ming
name: Lakhchaura, Kiran
name: Werner, Norbert
name: Grossova, Romana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an archival analysis of Chandra X-ray observations for twelve nearby early-type galaxies hosting radio sources with radio power $>10^{23} \, \rm{W}~\rm{Hz}^{-1}$ at 1.4 GHz, similar to the radio power of the radio source in NGC 4261. Previously, in a similar analysis of eight nearby X-ray and optically-bright elliptical galaxies, Werner et al. 2012, found that NGC 4261 exhibited unusually low central gas entropy compared to the full sample. In the central 0.3 kpc of NGC 4261, the ratio of cooling time to freefall time ($t_{\rm{cool}}/t_{\rm ff}$) is less than $10$, indicating that cold clouds may be precipitating out of the hot ambient medium and providing fuel for accretion in the central region. NGC 4261 also hosts the most powerful radio source in the original sample. Because NGC 4261 may represent an important phase during which powerful feedback from a central active galactic nucleus (AGN) is fueled by multiphase condensation in the central kpc, we searched the Chandra archive for analogs to NGC 4261. We present entropy profiles of those galaxies as well as profiles of $t_{\rm{cool}}/t_{\rm ff}$. We find that one of them, IC 4296, exhibits properties similar to NGC 4261, including the presence of only single phase gas outside of $r \sim 2$ kpc and a similar central velocity dispersion. We compare the properties of NGC 4261 and IC 4296 to hydrodynamic simulations of AGN feedback fueled by precipitation. Over the course of those simulations, the single phase galaxy has an entropy gradient that remains similar to the entropy profiles inferred from our observations.
description: 13 pages, 5 Figures, revised version of paper submitted to ApJ
Renegotiating the Food Aid Convention: Background, Context, and Issues
Creators: name: Hoddinott, John
name: Cohen, Marc J.
name: Hoddinott, John
name: Cohen, Marc J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food aid
subject: international agreements
subject: international organizations
subject: humanitarian assistance
subject: human rights
subject: local purchase
subject: triangular transaction
subject: development assistance
subject: trade agreements
subject: grain trade
subject: code of conduct
subject: needs assessment

description: The current global agreement governing food aid—the Food Aid Convention (FAC)—will expire in 2007. It has come under heavy criticism as has the diffuse set of broader food aid governance institutions that has emerged in the last 50 years. These institutions are characterized by overlapping mandates, differing degrees of authority and legitimacy, varied levels of transparency in decision-making, and problematic representation of the major stakeholders. A number of issues are likely to arise during the course of negotiations over a new FAC. These include its objectives; the nature of commitments— whether to express them in tonnage, value, or nutritional terms; the level of commitments and their distribution among donor countries; monitoring and enforcement of commitments; representation on the FAC governing body among food aid donor- and recipient-country governments and civil society organizations; and the institutional “home” of the FAC. More specifically, there is debate over such questions as whether the new FAC should have an “instrument focus”—food aid—or a “problem focus” such as “food security” or “hunger.” If the focus is on addressing hunger, should food aid under the FAC be restricted to emergencies only or should it pertain to broader food security issues? Should the FAC be a low-key forum for exchange of information or should it have some meaningful ways of monitoring commitments and encouraging compliance by both donors and recipients? Debates such as these will reflect views on the purposes of food aid itself. Conversely, debates regarding these broader questions carry consequences for the formation of views on the issues involved in the FAC negotiations. This paper’s purpose is solely to outline issues and options; hence it does not advocate for particular positions.
Self-hybridization and tunable magnon-magnon coupling in van der Waals synthetic magnets
Creators: name: Sklenar, Joseph
name: Zhang, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waals magnets are uniquely positioned at the intersection between two-dimensional materials, antiferromagnetic spintronics, and magnonics. The interlayer exchange interaction in these materials enables antiferromagnetic resonances to be accessed at GHz frequencies. Consequently, these layered antiferromagnets are intriguing materials out of which quantum hybrid magnonic devices can be fashioned. Here, we use both a modified macrospin model and micromagnetic simulations to demonstrate a comprehensive antiferromagnetic resonance spectra in van der Waals magnets near the ultrathin (monolayer) limit. The number of optical and acoustic magnon modes, as well as the mode frequencies, are found to be exquisitely sensitive to the number of layers. We discover a self-hybridization effect where pairs of either optical or acoustic magnons are found to interact and self-hybridize through the dynamic exchange interaction. This leads to characteristic avoided energy level crossings in the energy spectra. Through simulations, we show that by electrically controlling the damping of surface layers within heterostructures both the strength and number of avoided energy level crossings in the magnon spectra can be controlled.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures
Pfaffian pairing wave functions in electronic structure quantum Monte Carlo
Creators: name: Bajdich, M.
name: Mitas, L.
name: Drobný, G.
name: Wagner, L. K.
name: Schmidt, K. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the accuracy of trial wave function for quantum Monte Carlo based on pfaffian functional form with singlet and triplet pairing. Using a set of first row atoms and molecules we find that these wave functions provide very consistent and systematic behavior in recovering the correlation energies on the level of 95%. In order to get beyond this limit we explore the possibilities of multi-pfaffian pairing wave functions. We show that a small number of pfaffians recovers another large fraction of the missing correlation energy comparable to the larger-scale configuration interaction wave functions. We also find that pfaffians lead to substantial improvements in fermion nodes when compared to Hartree-Fock wave functions.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables, submitted to PRL
Skrivelser angående oppførelsen av en kirke på gården Mo i Nord-Ranens fjerding i Nesna prestegjeld
Creators: name: Mo (Gård : Nesna)
name: Dass, Petter
name: Krog, Peder
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1695

description: 7 brev. Inneholder bl.a. brev til og fra Peder Krog og Petter Dass.
Agricultural Growth and Investment Options for Poverty Reduction in Rwanda
Creators: name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Kanyarukiga, Sam
name: Yu, Bingxin
name: Diao, Xinshen
name: Fan, Shenggen
name: Kanyarukiga, Sam
name: Yu, Bingxin
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: An economywide, multimarket (EMM) model was developed for Rwanda to analyze the linkages and trade-offs between growth and poverty reduction goals at both macro- and micro-economic levels. The model includes 30 agricultural commodities or commodity groups from eight broad agricultural subsectors, along with two aggregated nonagricultural sectors. The analysis compares the economic, income, and poverty effects of a variety of growth scenarios based on existing national subsector growth targets. The analysis shows 6 percent of CAADP’s agricultural GDP growth target is achievable if growth reaches its target at the agricultural subsectoral level. But it is not enough for the country to achieve the MDG One, although the national poverty rate in 2015 will be 17 percent lower than that in 2005. Moreover, the household groups with the smallest landholding size, femaleheaded, or with few opportunities to participate cash crop production seem to benefit less from such growth. The study also examines the different growth-poverty linkages at agricultural subsector level, and shows that growth driven by productivity increases in staple crops and livestock production can reduce the poverty more than in the case where growth is driven by export crops or by the nonagricultural sector. The analysis also shows that to achieve growth required by CAADP and MDG One, the country needs to substantially beef up its public investment in agriculture. The share of agricultural spending in total government spending is required to increase from the current level of 5 percent to 10-35 percent in 2015.
Throndhjems Beskrivelse vedkommende
Creators: name: Bech, Dominicus Nagel
name: Tellefsen, Johan Christian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1852

description: Innholdet utgjøres av en plan for en Trondheimshistorie Under kap. 9 finnes et løst ark med en oversikt over restene av Domkapitlets bibliotek, skrevet med Johan Christian Tellefsens hånd.
Survival of Back-to-Back Correlations for Finite Expanding Fireballs
Creators: name: Padula, Sandra S.
name: Hama, Y.
name: Krein, G.
name: Panda, P. K.
name: Csorgo, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Back-to-Back Correlations (BBC) of particle-antiparticle pairs are predicted to appear if hot and dense hadronic matter is formed in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The BBC correlations are related to in-medium mass-modification and squeezing of the quanta involved. The formalisms are analogous in the bosonic (bBBC) and in the fermionic (fBBC) cases. Both the bBBC and the fBBC are positive and unlimited correlations of similar strength. For testing the survival and the intensity of the effect in a more realistic situation, we study the back-to-back correlations for mass-modification occurring in a finite sized, thermalized medium. For illustration, we consider a non-relativistically expanding fireball with finite emission time. We show that the BBC signal indeed survives the expansion and flow effects, with sufficient magnitude to be observed at RHIC.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, to appear in the Proceedings of Quark Matter 2005. Corrected typos, acknowledgement added, references corrected and updated
Studies of signaling pathways that regulate Ewing tumour cell growth in vitro
Creators: name: Lawlor, Elizabeth Rachel
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The Ewing family of peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumours (ET or pPNET) comprises a genetically related group of bone and soft tissue tumours that primarily affects children and adolescents. All members of this tumour family are characterized by tumour specific translocations involving the EWS gene from chromosome llq23 and a second gene contributed by a variety of chromosomal partners. In all cases, the partner gene is a member of the ETS family of transcription factors and the resultant EWS-ETS gene fusions encode novel chimeric proteins comprised of the EWS-amino-terminal domain and an ETS-DNA binding domain. These fusion proteins are oncogenic and the accumulated evidence suggests that they are the primary pathologic lesions contributing to the development of ET. Despite its genetic characterization, little is known about the mechanisms of EWS-ETS mediated oncogenesis specifically, or in fact, the biologic features that contribute to the malignant nature of ET cells. We have endeavoured to study proliferative signaling in ET cells in an effort to better characterize the biology of these aggressive and often fatal tumours. Using differential-display PCR, our laboratory had previously identified differential expression of the human gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) gene among EWS-ETS expressing tumour cell lines. Further studies confirmed that 100% of ET cell lines and approximately 50% of primary ET samples express the GRP gene and the gene encoding its receptor. Protein and functional studies demonstrated that the mature GRP peptide is secreted by ET cells and that GRP acts as an autocrine growth factor in ET both in vitro and in vivo. The proliferative pathways initiated in response to GRP stimulation are still not completely understood but are known to be both cell-type and situation specific. Our attempts at characterizing GRP-mediated proliferative signaling in ET suggest that the effects of this peptide may not be primarily mitogenic and we hypothesize that involvement of cytoskeletal proteins and differentiation pathways may be more important to the autocrine growth-factor capability of GRP in ET cells. Furthermore, studies of ET cell proliferation grown as multi-cellular spheroids indicate that in vivo growth and proliferation may be better represented by this anchorage-independent cell culture model. In comparing adherent and anchorage-independent proliferation, we also observed that fundamental differences exist in the regulation of cyclin DI between these two models. Moreover, the PI3K—AKT pathway was shown to be of key importance to the regulation of both cyclin DI expression and proliferation in ET cells. Our results suggest that an autocrine growth factor pathway mediated by GRP exists in ET and that proliferative signaling in these tumours is critically dependent on cell-cell and/or cell-matrix adhesion and the PI3K—AKT pathway.
Skrivelse til prosten i Saltens fogderi, Arent Hartvigsen, angående hungersnøden i distriktet og hjelpen i anledning denne / Peter Schnitler
Creators: name: Schnitler, Peter
name: Hartvigsen, Arent
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1743
Subjects: Hartvigsen, Arent

description: På baksiden av brevet: svar fra sogneprest Arent Hartvigsen
Spread of retailer food quality standards: An international perspective
Creators: name: Herzfeld, Thomas
name: Drescher, Larissa S.
name: Grebitus, Carola
name: Herzfeld, Thomas
name: Drescher, Larissa S.
name: Grebitus, Carola
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: standards
subject: food quality
subject: adoption

description: Privately initiated food quality standards are currently important elements in the marketing of food and agricultural products. At the same time, they stand in the centre of a discussion about potential negative effects on small farmers and farmers in developing countries. This study aims at analysing the adoption of two private food standards, BRC Technical Food Standard and GlobalGAP, at an aggregated cross-country level. The results of the econometric analysis reveal some (potential) barriers for developing countries to access this type of organisational innovation. Certificates seem to be issued more probably in larger and wealthier countries, countries with a better institutional quality, better infrastructural conditions and in former UK colonies.
Heavy Dark Matter, Neutrino Masses and Higgs Naturalness from a Strongly Interacting Hidden Sector
Creators: name: Aoki, Mayumi
name: Brdar, Vedran
name: Kubo, Jisuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the extension of the Standard Model (SM) with a strongly interacting QCD-like hidden sector, at least two generations of right-handed neutrinos and one scalar singlet. Once scalar singlet obtains a nonzero vacuum expectation value, active neutrino masses are generated through type-I seesaw mechanism. Simultaneously, the electroweak scale is generated through the radiative corrections involving these massive fermions. This is the essence of the scenario that is known as the "neutrino option" for which the successful masses of right-handed neutrinos are in the range $10^7-10^8$ GeV. The main goal of this work is to scrutinize the potential to accommodate dark matter in such a realization. The dark matter candidates are Nambu-Goldstone bosons which appear due to the dynamical breaking of the hidden chiral symmetry. The mass spectrum studied in this work is such that masses of Nambu-Goldstone bosons and singlet scalar exceed those of right-handed neutrinos. Having the masses of all relevant particles several orders of magnitude above $\mathcal{O}$(TeV), the freeze-out of dark matter is not achievable and hence we turn to alternative scenarios, namely freeze-in. The Nambu-Goldstone bosons can interact with particles that are not in SM but, however, have non-negligible abundance through their not-too-small couplings with SM. Utilizing this, we demonstrate that the dark matter in the model is successfully produced at temperature scale where the right-handed neutrinos are still stable. We note that the lepton number asymmetry sufficient for the generation of observable baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be produced in right-handed neutrino decays. Hence, we infer that the model has the potential to simultaneously address several of the most relevant puzzles in contemporary high-energy physics.
description: 22 pages, 11 figures, published in PRD
Additional file 5 of Differential loss of effector genes in three recently expanded pandemic clonal lineages of the rice blast fungus
Creators: name: Latorre, Sergio M.
name: C. Sarai Reyes-Avila
name: Malmgren, Angus
name: Win, Joe
name: Sophien Kamoun
name: Burbano, Hernán A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 5: Table S4. Patterns of effector presence and absence polymorphism in Magnaporthe oryzae isolates
MR-Based PET Attenuation Correction using a Combined Ultrashort Echo Time/Multi-Echo Dixon Acquisition
Creators: name: Han, Paul Kyu
name: Horng, Debra E.
name: Gong, Kuang
name: Petibon, Yoann
name: Kim, Kyungsang
name: Li, Quanzheng
name: Johnson, Keith A.
name: Fakhri, Georges El
name: Ouyang, Jinsong
name: Ma, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a magnetic resonance (MR)-based method for estimation of continuous linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) in positron emission tomography (PET) using a physical compartmental model and ultrashort echo time (UTE)/multi-echo Dixon (mUTE) acquisitions. Specifically, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) mUTE sequence to acquire signals from water, fat, and short-T2 components (e.g., bones) simultaneously in a single acquisition. The proposed mUTE sequence integrates 3D UTE with multi-echo Dixon acquisitions and uses sparse radial trajectories to accelerate imaging speed. Errors in the radial k-space trajectories are measured using a special k-space trajectory mapping sequence and corrected for image reconstruction. A physical compartmental model is used to fit the measured multi-echo MR signals to obtain fractions of water, fat and bone components for each voxel, which are then used to estimate the continuous LAC map for PET attenuation correction. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated via phantom and in vivo human studies, using LACs from Computed Tomography (CT) as reference. Compared to Dixon- and atlas-based MRAC methods, the proposed method yielded PET images with higher correlation and similarity in relation to the reference. The relative absolute errors of PET activity values reconstructed by the proposed method were below 5% in all of the four lobes (frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital), cerebellum, whole white matter and gray matter regions across all subjects (n=6). The proposed mUTE method can generate subject-specific, continuous LAC map for PET attenuation correction in PET/MR.
description: 36 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, 5 supplementary figures, 1 supplementary table
A Planned Jefferson Lab Experiment on Spin-Flavor Decomposition
Creators: name: Jiang, Xiaodong
name: Bosted, Peter
name: Jones, Mark
name: Day, Donal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiment E04-113 at Jefferson Lab Hall C plans to measure the beam-target double-spin asymmetries in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic $\vec p(e, e^\prime h)X$ and $\vec d(e, e^\prime h)X$ reactions ($h=π^+, π^-, K^+$ or$K^-$) with a 6 GeV polarized electron beam and longitudinally polarized NH$_3$ and LiD targets. The high statistic data will allow a spin-flavor decomposition in the region of $x=0.12 \sim 0.41$ at $Q^2=1.21\sim 3.14$ GeV$^2$. Especially, leading-order and next-to-leading order spin-flavor decomposition of $Δu_v$, $Δd_v$ and $Δ\bar{u} - Δ\bar{d}$ will be extracted based on the measurement of the combined asymmetries $A_{1N}^{π^+ - π^-}$. The possible flavor asymmetry of the polarized sea will be addressed in this experiment.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, contribution paper to SPIN2004 conference
Sensitive Agricultural Products in the EU under the Doha Round
Creators: name: Huan-Niemi, Ellen
name: Huan-Niemi, Ellen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: EU
subject: Doha Round
subject: sensitive agricultural products

description: EU agricultural products are examined by tariff lines at eight digit level to reveal the sensitive agricultural products in the EU after further tariff reductions in the Doha Round. These products are butter, skim milk powder, beef meat, poultry meat, pig meat, white sugar, wheat, barley, and maize. A spreadsheet model is used as an analysis tool to complement the various modelling approaches in identifying the sensitive agricultural products of the EU. The spreadsheet projection model is a simple forecasting model that uses a set of projection values from other models to predict possible outcomes. The sensitivity of EU agricultural products is analysed by using various exchange rates (USD 0.90 to 1.50 per Euro), different tariff reduction formulas (according to the EU proposal, WTO draft proposal, and US proposal), and the separate tariff-cut limits in the Draft formula and US formula. The results demonstrate that cereals such as wheat, barley, and maize are the most resilient to the erosion of border protection due to further reduction in tariffs in the projected Doha Round. In contrast, poultry meat has the weakest border protection in the projected Doha Round. The examined EU agricultural products are very sensitive to the fluctuations of exchange rate. In the projected Doha Round, there are no sensitive agricultural products in the EU if the Euro is very weak - USD 0.90 per Euro. On the contrary, a very strong Euro (USD 1.50 per Euro) will create the greatest amount of sensitive products in the projected Doha Round.
Baby Universes in String Theory
Creators: name: Dijkgraaf, Robbert
name: Gopakumar, Rajesh
name: Ooguri, Hirosi
name: Vafa, Cumrun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that the holographic description of four-dimensional BPS black holes naturally includes multi-center solutions. This suggests that the holographic dual to the gauge theory is not a single AdS_2 times S^2 but a coherent ensemble of them. We verify this in a particular class of examples, where the two-dimensional Yang-Mills theory gives a holographic description of the black holes obtained by branes wrapping Calabi-Yau cycles. Using the free fermionic formulation, we show that O(e^{-N}) non-perturbative effects entangle the two Fermi surfaces. In an Euclidean description, the wave-function of the multi-center black holes gets mapped to the Hartle-Hawking wave-function of baby universes. This provides a concrete realization, within string theory, of effects that can be interpreted as the creation of baby universes. We find that, at least in the case we study, the baby universes do not lead to a loss of quantum coherence, in accord with general arguments.
description: 39 pages, 7 figures
Are nutritional claims an adequate tool for public health? Evidence from food purchases in France
Creators: name: Caillavet, France
name: Nichele, Veronique
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
name: Caillavet, France
name: Nichele, Veronique
name: Soler, Louis-Georges
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Nutritional claims
subject: Food policy
subject: Healthy diet
subject: Censored Demand system

description: Nutritional claims have become a major instrument for providing consumers with information at the point of purchase, enabling them to make nutritionally appropriate choices. This paper deals with two public policy issues linked to the implementation of nutritional claims, i.e. efficiency and equity, in terms of nutritional outcomes and in terms of population targeting. We consider the French breakfast foods market at the household level using 2004 TNS Worldpanel data. We estimate a demand system taking into account the selection issue. For this we use the Shonkwiler and Yen’s procedure which, unlike Heckman’s, allows participation on every market of products to be controlled for. We propose a modification of this approach to address the methodological issue of satisfying the additivity constraint. This procedure is estimated on a set of dairy and cereal-based products which have different health attributes. Our results show that products with health claims play the role they are expected for. The light variants of dairy foods considered here appear to target households with members at health risk, obese or overweight. But interactions between products suggest some limits to efficiency on nutritional grounds. A higher probability of purchasing light products and with higher quantities coincides with higher purchases of biscuits and dairy desserts. Moreover, since lower income discourage the use of products with health claims, equity is not obtained and this should be stressed for policy implications.
POLAR, a compact detector for Gamma Ray Bursts photon polarization measurements
Creators: name: Produit, N.
name: Barao, F.
name: Deluit, S.
name: Hajdas, W.
name: Leluc, C.
name: Pohl, M.
name: Rapin, D.
name: Vialle, J. -P.
name: Walter, R.
name: Wigger, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The design and the simulated performances of a compact detector dedicated to the measurement of GRB photon polarization is presented. Such a detector would permit to answer the question ``are most of the GRB strongly polarized?'' in a mission of one year in space.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, submitted to NIM, (using elsart.sty & elsart.cls)