cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Coexistence phase of $^{1}S_{0}$ and $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluids in neutron stars
Creators: name: Yasui, Shigehiro
name: Inotani, Daisuke
name: Nitta, Muneto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In neutron star matter, there exist $^{1}S_{0}$ superfluids in lower density in the crust while $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluids are believed to exist at higher density deep inside the core. In the latter, depending on the temperature and magnetic field, either the uniaxial nematic phase, the D$_{2}$-biaxial nematic phase, or the D$_{4}$-biaxial nematic phase appears. In this paper, we discuss a mixture of the $^{1}S_{0}$ and $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluids and find their coexistence. Adopting the loop expansion and the weak-coupling approximation for the interaction between two neutrons, we obtain the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) free energy in which both of the $^{1}S_{0}$ and $^{3}P_{2}$ condensates are taken into account by including the coupling terms between them. We analyze the GL free energy and obtain the phase diagram for the temperature and magnetic field. We find that the $^{1}S_{0}$ superfluid excludes the $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluid completely in the absence of magnetic field, they can coexist for weak magnetic fields, and the $^{1}S_{0}$ superfluid is expelled by the $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluid at strong magnetic fields, thereby proving the robustness of $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluid against the magnetic field. We further show that the D$_{4}$-BN phase covers the whole region of the $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluidity as a result of the coupling term, in contrast to the case of a pure $^{3}P_{2}$ superfluid studied before in which the D$_{4}$-BN phase is realized only under strong magnetic fields. Thus, the D$_{4}$-BN phase is topologically the most interesting phase, e.g., admitting half-quantized non-Abelian vortices relevant not only in magnetars but also in ordinary neutron stars.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Ancyloscelis sejunctus Cockerell 1933
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Ancyloscelis sejunctus Cockerell, 1933
[Holotype: AMNH; ♂ Regnier, Baca Co., Colorado, USA; June 6–7, 1919]
Within the BCP Ancyloscelis sejunctus has only been recorded in BCS. Specimens were collected in the Gulf Coast and Sacrocauluscent Shrubland ecoregions in June 1973 by TAMU (GBIF 2023).Additionally, we examined one male collected in the Gulf Coast in September 1967 (EMEC). However, due to its close resemblance to A. melanostoma, and the complexity of its taxonomy and the potential for species complexes and specimen misidentifications, a revision of this genus is needed. See fig. 92.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Characterization of photocycloaddition products in the cyclobutane family using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance
Creators: name: Powe, Aleeta Mattel
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 3401
subject: Analytical chemistry

description: Photocycloaddition products receive much attention and are of great utility in capturing reaction intermediates and preparing natural compounds. A collection of compounds containing a cyclobutane ring was studied. This collection, produced previously in our laboratory, was divided into classes based upon putative structures and synthetic pathways. Three groups (tetrasubstituted cyclobutane derivatives, fused-ring systems and cyclo-octatetrane derivatives) having quite uncommon characteristics and supposed structures were made. The behaviors of these previously-made photocycloaddition products of similar structure were investigated using mass spectrometry, proton- (1H-), carbon- (13C-) and 2D-NMR techniques. Additionally, UV irradiation experiments were conducted to produce more photoadducts. Finally, the information acquired from the characterizations of the previously-made products was applied to identify the unknown components in the reaction mixtures of the irradiation experiments. Positive identification of the structures of these separate classes of photocycloaddition products supports a discussion of mechanistic pathways to their formation.
Tight-binding model with sublattice-asymmetric spin-orbit coupling for square-net nodal line Dirac semimetals
Creators: name: Orozco-Galvan, Gustavo S.
name: Garcia-Fuente, Amador
name: Barraza-Lopez, Salvador
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a 4-orbital tight-binding (TB) model for ZrSiS from the square sublattice generated by the Si atoms. After studying three other alternatives, we endow such model with a new effective spin-orbit coupling (SOC) consistent with {\em ab initio} dispersions around the Fermi energy ($E_F$) in four systematic steps: (1) We calculate the electronic dispersion of bulk ZrSiS using an implementation of density-functional theory (DFT) based on numeric atomic orbitals [{\em J. Phys.: Condens. Matter} {\bf 14}, 2745 (2002)] in which on-site and off-site SOC can be told apart. As a result, we determine that local SOC-induced band gaps around $E_F$ are predominantly created by the on-site contribution. (2) Gradually reducing the atomic basis set size, we then create an electronic band structure with 16 orbitals per unit cell (u.c.) which retains the qualitative features of the dispersion around $E_F$, including SOC-induced band gaps. (3) Zr is the heaviest element on this compound and it has a non-negligible contribution to the electronic dispersion around $E_F$; we show that it provides the strongest contribution to the SOC-induced band gap. (4) Using Löwdin partitioning approach, we project the effect of SOC onto the 4-orbital Hamiltonian. This way, we facilitate an effective SOC interaction that was explicitly informed by {\em ab initio} input.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures
The influence of mountain ranges on the distribution of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs)
Creators: name: Samuel, Ajayi
name: Massie, Steven
name: Emmons, Louisa
name: Peterson, Peter
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 1999

This study is an attempt to establish a relationship between the distribution of polar stratospheric clouds(PSCs) and mountain ranges. Developing such a relationship could offer a possible explancction for the underprediction of reactive chlorine concentrations and ozone depletion rates calculated by three dimensional models of the Arctic stratosphere. Sightings of PSCs by the Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement instrument on the Nimbus 7 satellite and Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite are used in this study. Aerosol extinction values were plotted for the polar regions and compared to maps of the standard deviation in elevation, to establish a relationship between the two data sets. Results show that, while PSCs do appear over polar mountainous regions, that their formation was predominate over the sea. It was concluded that a relationship between PSC distributions and mountain ranges can not be established using the available satellite platforms.
Raggi gamma via col vento dei buchi neri
Creators: Ufficio stampa Inaf
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Identificate per la prima volta, grazie a dati del satellite Fermi, le emissioni di raggi gamma in alcune galassie vicine alla nostra prodotte dai cosiddetti “Ufo” – acronimo di “ultra fast outflows”, veri e propri venti di gas e particelle emessi ad altissime velocità dai buchi neri supermassicci. Stefano Marchesi (Inaf): «Gli Ufo si comportano come un pistone e accelerano in modo molto efficiente le particelle cariche, note come raggi cosmici, fino a quasi alla velocità della luce»
Complexity=Anything: Singularity Probes
Creators: name: Jørstad, Eivind
name: Myers, Robert C.
name: Ruan, Shan-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how the complexity=anything observables proposed by [arXiv:2111.02429, arXiv:2210.09647] can be used to investigate the interior geometry of AdS black holes. In particular, we illustrate how the flexibility of the complexity=anything approach allows us to systematically probe the geometric properties of black hole singularities. We contrast our results for the AdS Schwarzschild and AdS Reissner-Nordström geometries, i.e., for uncharged and charged black holes, respectively. In the latter case, the holographic complexity observables can only probe the interior up to the inner horizon.
description: 36+5 pages, 2 appendices, 7 figures; v2: minor modifications to match published version, typos corrected
Equity and efficiency in mitigating climate change
Creators: name: Sheeran, Kristen A.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 41
subject: Environmental sciences
classificationCode: 4101
subject: Climate change impacts and adaptation

description: The Kyoto Protocol exempts developing countries from emissions limits for equity reasons at the expense of efficiency. This dissertation addresses the question: Can imposing emissions limits on developing countries for efficiency reasons be reconciled with equity?. Contrary to the prevailing consensus, this dissertation argues that equity and efficiency are inextricably linked in the case of global public goods like climate control. This relationship is first explored through a series of game-theoretic microeconomic models of countries' decisions to participate in an efficient climate control treaty. These models demonstrate that countries who benefit less from abatement and, or who can abate emissions at lower cost may require side payments in exchange for their participation. Depending upon which countries require such side payments, the payments required for efficiency may or may not improve global equity. This dissertation then critiques an important model by Chichilnisky, Heal, and Starrett that claims efficiency in climate control requires redistributive transfers to developing countries to equate marginal valuations of consumption across countries. Using their model of abatement as a privately produced public good and efficiency as Pareto optimality, this dissertation points out an important theoretical link between equity and efficiency in the case of all public goods. Specifying the efficient level of provision of public goods always implies the existence of a social welfare function which, by necessity, transforms equity issues into efficiency issues. Finally, using the Philippines as a case study, this dissertation explores whether paying for conservation in developing countries improves the efficiency of global climate control. Deforestation contributes to climate change. Paying developing countries for carbon storage and sequestration may provide positive incentives for conservation and serve as side payments to induce developing countries---who may benefit less from mitigating climate change and, or who can abate at lower cost---to participate in an efficient climate treaty. This dissertation estimates the sequestration and storage benefits and opportunity costs of conservation in the Philippines, which include forgone subsistence, and commercial logging income. This dissertation finds that for abatement costs of $100/ton or more in the industrialized world, conservation in the Philippines is a cost-efficient mitigation alternative.
Structural transition induced by a local chemical/mechanical perturbation in biomolecules
Creators: name: Hirata, Fumio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Structural transition induced by a local conformational change in biomolecules is formulated based on the generalized Langevin theory for the structural fluctuation of a molecule in solution, and the linear response theory, derived by Kim and Hirata in 2012. A chemical/mechanical change introduced at a moiety of biomolecules, such as an amino acid substitution or a structural change of a chromophore by the photo-excitation, is considered as a perturbation, and the rest of the protein as the reference system. The linear-response equation consists of two parts: a mechanical/chemical perturbation introduced at the moiety, and the variance-covariance matrix of the reference system that works as a response function. The physical meaning of the equation is transparent: the force exerted by atoms in the moiety induces the displacement in an atom of protein, which propagates through the variance-covariance matrix to cause a global conformational change in the molecule. A few examples of possible application of the theory, including those in industry, are suggested.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
The effects of carbon dioxide on coral reefs
Creators: name: Benton, Kanika
name: Kleypas, Joanie
name: Hecht, Matthew
name: Windham, Thomas
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 1999

Corals are important because they are the primary builders of large calcium carbonate structures that make up the reef ecosystem. Recent coral reef degradation is quite possibly caused by climate change. Emission of fossil fuels into the atmosphere increases carbon 'dioxide (C0₂) concentrations, which can affect coral reefs in two ways. One way is by the greenhouse effect. As temperature increases in the atmosphere, some of the heat is transferred to the surface of the ocean. When sea-surface temperatures become too warm, corals experience bleaching. The second effect is seawater chemistry changes due to absorption of CO, in the oceans. As more CO, is driven into the oceans, seawater chemistry changes so that less carbonate ion (CO₃) is available to the coral for calcification (i.e., precipitation of calcium carbonate, (CaCO₃). As calcification decreases, the coral's skeleton weakens. In order to examine this effect, we produced an aquarium model to simulate how coral calcification is affected by the increase in atmospheric C0₂, as well as by increases in sea-surface temperature. This model has helped us determine how corals may be affected in the future if CO₂ levels and temperature continue to rise.
Orbite trasversali: due pianeti ad angolo retto
Creators: Mario Guarcello
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Fra i mondi che popolano il sistema esoplanetario della stella Hd 3167, a circa 155 anni luce di distanza dalla Terra, ce n’è almeno uno che sembra seguire un’orbita equatoriale e almeno un altro che si muove invece su un’orbita polare. Giusi Micela (Inaf Palermo): «L’esistenza contemporanea di pianeti con orbite allineate e non allineate è un caso unico tra gli esopianeti noti, e probabilmente una combinazione rara che suggerisce una storia dinamica complessa»
Immersione in 3D nel getto relativistico di M87
Creators: Gloria Nobile
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Da una collaborazione guidata da fisici teorici dell’Università Goethe di Francoforte arriva un modello dettagliato sulla formazione e sui meccanismi di emissione dei getti relativistici di M87. I calcoli ricavati da simulazioni al computer mostrano una corrispondenza con le precedenti osservazioni astronomiche e confermano la teoria della relatività generale di Einstein
Un cubesat per studiare la corona solare
Creators: Maura Sandri
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

La Nasa ha selezionato CubIxss per valutare la composizione chimica del plasma a milioni di gradi della corona solare. Il nanosatellite trasporterà spettrometri per misurare diverse lunghezze d'onda dei raggi X provenienti dal Sole, per determinare la quantità di alcuni elementi chiave nella corona solare, che a sua volta consentirà di identificare le origini del plasma caldo nei brillamenti solari
Spirali in fila per un primo piano
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

È firmata Inaf l’immagine della settimana dell’Eso, così come il progetto che l’ha resa possibile e il telescopio stesso – il Vlt Survey Telescope. La fotografia cattura due galassie a spirale sovrapposte ma non interagenti e, vicino a queste, nasconde un’interessante galassia ultra-diffusa. Ne parliamo con la prima autrice dello studio che le descrive, Enrichetta Iodice dell’Inaf di Napoli
Concrete method for recovering the Euler characteristic of quantum graphs
Creators: name: Léna, Corentin
name: Serio, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Trace formulas play a central role in the study of spectral geometry and in particular of quantum graphs. The basis of our work is the result by Kurasov which links the Euler characteristic $χ$ of metric graphs to the spectrum of their standard Laplacian. These ideas were shown to be applicable even in an experimental context where only a finite number of eigenvalues from a physical realization of quantum graph can be measured. In the present work we analyse sufficient hypotheses which guarantee the successful recovery of $χ$. We also study how to improve the efficiency of the method and in particular how to minimise the number of eigenvalues required. Finally, we compare our findings with numerical examples---surprisingly, just a few dozens of eigenvalues can be enough.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures. Accepted by "Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical"
Equity and efficiency in mitigating climate change
Creators: name: Sheeran, Kristen A.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The Kyoto Protocol exempts developing countries from emissions limits for equity reasons at the expense of efficiency. This dissertation addresses the question: Can imposing emissions limits on developing countries for efficiency reasons be reconciled with equity?. Contrary to the prevailing consensus, this dissertation argues that equity and efficiency are inextricably linked in the case of global public goods like climate control. This relationship is first explored through a series of game-theoretic microeconomic models of countries' decisions to participate in an efficient climate control treaty. These models demonstrate that countries who benefit less from abatement and, or who can abate emissions at lower cost may require side payments in exchange for their participation. Depending upon which countries require such side payments, the payments required for efficiency may or may not improve global equity. This dissertation then critiques an important model by Chichilnisky, Heal, and Starrett that claims efficiency in climate control requires redistributive transfers to developing countries to equate marginal valuations of consumption across countries. Using their model of abatement as a privately produced public good and efficiency as Pareto optimality, this dissertation points out an important theoretical link between equity and efficiency in the case of all public goods. Specifying the efficient level of provision of public goods always implies the existence of a social welfare function which, by necessity, transforms equity issues into efficiency issues. Finally, using the Philippines as a case study, this dissertation explores whether paying for conservation in developing countries improves the efficiency of global climate control. Deforestation contributes to climate change. Paying developing countries for carbon storage and sequestration may provide positive incentives for conservation and serve as side payments to induce developing countries---who may benefit less from mitigating climate change and, or who can abate at lower cost---to participate in an efficient climate treaty. This dissertation estimates the sequestration and storage benefits and opportunity costs of conservation in the Philippines, which include forgone subsistence, and commercial logging income. This dissertation finds that for abatement costs of $100/ton or more in the industrialized world, conservation in the Philippines is a cost-efficient mitigation alternative.
Chirality, a new key for the definition of the connection and curvature of a Lie-Kac super-algebra
Creators: name: Thierry-Mieg, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B40 17B81

description: A natural generalization of a Lie algebra connection, or Yang-Mills field, to the case of a Lie-Kac superalgebra, for example SU(m/n), just in terms of ordinary complex functions and differentials, is proposed. Using the chirality $χ$ which defines the supertrace of the superalgebra: $STr(...) = Tr (χ...)$, we construct a covariant differential: $D = χ(d + A) + Φ$, where A is the standard even Lie-subalgebra connection 1-form and $Φ$ a scalar field valued in the odd module. Despite the fact that $Φ$ is a scalar, $Φ$ anticommutes with $(χA)$ because $χ$ anticommutes with the odd generators hidden in $Φ$. Hence the curvature $F = DD$ is a superalgebra-valued linear map which respects the Bianchi identity and correctly defines a chiral parallel transport compatible with a generic Lie superalgebra structure.
description: 10 pages, 24 references. This is the revised version published in JHEP. Our new definition of the superconnection is unchanged relative to version 1 of this preprint, but thanks to the careful help of the referee, the discussion of the literature is streamlined and much improved
Class, ethnicity, gender and Latino entrepreneurship: Salvadoran and Peruvian networks in greater Washington D.C
Creators: name: Verdaguer, Maria Eugenia
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Through a case study on Washington Salvadorans and Peruvians, this research investigates the effect of Latino immigrant social relations on economic action. Specifically, it explores how immigrant class, ethnic, and gender-based networks interact with the local opportunity structure to mediate Latino entrepreneurial outcomes. In particular, it examines these questions: How do Latinos belonging to distinct immigrant groups leverage qualitatively distinct economic, social and cultural resources from each other in pursuing business ventures? Are Salvadoran and Peruvian strategies for access to business ownership and business development "gendered"? Is the social embeddedness of men and women's networks effective in facilitating entrepreneurial ventures? And how do immigrants and stakeholders perceive the policy environment for Latino business development across the Washington metropolitan area?; Census data contextualizes this qualitative study, which includes 107 initial survey interviews with Salvadoran and Peruvian entrepreneurs, 25 unstructured interviews with local institutional stakeholders, and 45 in-depth interviews with a selected group of informants across various research sites. The study also draws from participant observation and secondary data analysis. The experiences of study participants confirm that Washington Salvadoran and Peruvian immigrant entrepreneurs are differentiated social and economic actors; that their business practices and social networks are indeed gendered, and that their unique location in the stratification system shape their access to entrepreneurial opportunities. Yet, findings suggest that it is participants' agency, manifested through their mobilization and participation in localized social networks, what ultimately allows Salvadoran and Peruvian men and women to enhance the terms of their opportunity structure. Focusing on social patterns between and within groups, this dissertation situates immigrant entrepreneurship within concrete geographical, demographic and historical spaces, beginning to unveil the story of some of the less "successful" immigrant entrepreneurial groups in America.
On the colour-colour properties of the Extremely Red Objects
Creators: name: Bergstrom, Stefan
name: Wiklind, Tommy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The colours of the galaxy class known as Extremely Red Objects (EROs; R-K>5) are considered to be consistent with two distinct galaxy populations at high redshift: evolved ellipticals or young dusty starbursts. In this paper the properties of EROs, spanned by the five photometric bands RIJHK, are investigated as to the possibility to distinguish between these two galaxy populations using only broad band photometry. The broad band colours of elliptical and starburst galaxies at redshifts up to 5 are computed from synthetic spectra obtained using the spectral evolution synthesis programme PEGASE.2. Two initial mass functions and a range of metallicities and extinctions are used. In order to be extremely red in the redshift range considered, the evolution of the R-K colour sets the requirement that ellipticals have to be less than 7-8 Gyr old, and that the starbursts must have colour excesses of E(B-V)>1, as derived from the nebular emission lines. In investigating the overlap in the different colour-colour planes as a function of redshift, it is found that the planes formed from permutations of the same three filters exhibit very similar overlap characteristics. In colour-colour planes formed within such triplets one of the filters will serve as a "pivot" band against which the two other bands are compared. The configuration where this pivot band lies between the other two bands has the best performance as a discriminator among the three possible configurations. A consistent behaviour cannot be found among the configurations formed by permuting four filters. The minimal filter configuration R-H vs. H-K is found to be the very best discriminator, working as such up to redshift 2.9.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Additional file 1 of Childhood wayfinding experience explains sex and individual differences in adult wayfinding strategy and anxiety
Creators: name: Vieites, Vanessa
name: Pruden, Shannon M.
name: Reeb-Sutherland, Bethany C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Direct and indirect effects of Participant Sex on Orientation Strategy Use through the mediator, Total Childhood Wayfinding Experience (a), Time Spent Outdoors (b), and Distance Traveled (c), controlling for Trait Anxiety. Note. *p
Resonant Critical Coupling of Surface Lattice Resonances with Fluorescent Absorptive Thin Film
Creators: name: Tse, Joshua T. Y.
name: Murai, Shunsuke
name: Tanaka, Katsuhisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Surface lattice resonance supported on nanoparticle arrays is a promising candidate in enhancing fluorescent effects in both absorption and emission. The optical enhancement provided by surface lattice resonance is primarily through the light confinement beyond the diffraction limit, where the nanoparticle arrays can enhance light-matter interaction for increased absorption as well as providing more local density of states for enhanced spontaneous emission. In this work, we optimize the in-coupling efficiency to the fluorescent molecules by finding the conditions to maximize the absorption, also known as the critical coupling condition. We studied the transmission characteristics and the fluorescent emission of a $TiO_2$ nanoparticle array embedded in an index-matching layer with fluorescent dye at various concentrations. A modified coupled-mode theory that describes the nanoparticle array was then derived and verified by numerical simulations. With the analytical model, we analyzed the experimental measurements and discovered the condition to critically couple light into the fluorescent dye, which is demonstrated as the strongest emission. This study presents a useful guide for designing efficient energy transfer from excitation beam to the emitters, which maximizes the external conversion efficiency.
description: 37 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
The Cosmic Energy Inventory
Creators: name: Fukugita, Masataka
name: Peebles, P. J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an inventory of the cosmic mean densities of energy associated with all the known states of matter and radiation at the present epoch. The observational and theoretical bases for the inventory have become rich enough to allow estimates with observational support for the densities of energy in some 40 forms. The result is a global portrait of the effects of the physical processes of cosmic evolution.
description: This version has significnt additions and revisions to v. 1
Vichinghi in America datati da una tempesta solare
Creators: Patrizia Caraveo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Misurando la quantità di carbonio-14 presente in tre legni canadesi di fattura vichinga, e in particolare riuscendo a individuare gli anelli corrispondenti alla grande tempesta solare avvenuta nel 993, uno studio di dendrocronologia ha potuto datare la presenza dei vichinghi in America ad almeno mille anni fa. Ne parla Patrizia Caraveo in quest’articolo pubblicato domenica scorsa sul Sole 24 Ore, che vi riproponiamo con il consenso dell’autrice
An Alternative Explanation of the Chance of Casting a Pivotal Vote
Creators: name: Usher, Dan
name: Usher, Dan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Pivotal voting
subject: duty to vote

description: This paper is about a model of uncertainty in voting that allows for a schedule of people's preferences for one party over another, that gives rise to a chance of casting a pivotal vote which is small but not, as often supposed, infinitesimal, that is not inconsistent with evidence about the chance of casting a pivotal vote and that preserves a role for self-interest, along with a duty to vote, in the decision whether to vote or abstain.
Narrow bands, electrostatic interactions and band topology in graphene stacks
Creators: name: Pantaleon, Pierre A.
name: Cea, Tommaso
name: Brown, Rory
name: Walet, Niels R.
name: Guinea, Francisco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The occurrence of superconducting and insulating phases is well-established in twisted graphene bilayers, and they have also been reported in other arrangements of graphene layers. We investigate three such arrangements: untwisted AB bilayer graphene on an hBN substrate, two graphene bilayers twisted with respect to each other, and a single ABC stacked graphene trilayer on an hBN substrate. Narrow bands with different topology occur in all cases, producing a high density of states which enhances the role of interactions. We investigate the effect of the long range Coulomb interaction, treated within the self consistent Hartree-Fock approximation. We find that the on-site part of the Fock potential strongly modifies the band structure at charge neutrality. The Hartree part does not significantly modify the shape and width of the bands in the three cases considered here, in contrast to the effect that such a potential has in twisted bilayer graphene.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures. Published paper
Low-temperature nucleation in a kinetic Ising model with soft stochastic dynamics
Creators: name: Park, Kyungwha
name: Rikvold, Per Arne
name: Buendia, Gloria M.
name: Novotny, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study low-temperature nucleation in kinetic Ising models by analytical and simulational methods, confirming the general result for the average metastable lifetime, = A*exp(beta*Gamma) (beta = 1/kT) [E. Jordao Neves and R.H. Schonmann, Commun. Math. Phys. 137, 209 (1991)]. Contrary to common belief, we find that both A and Gamma depend significantly on the stochastic dynamic. In particular, for a ``soft'' dynamic, in which the effects of the interactions and the applied field factorize in the transition rates, Gamma does NOT simply equal the energy barrier against nucleation, as it does for the standard Glauber dynamic, which does not have this factorization property.
description: 4 pages RevTex4, 2 figures. Phys. Rev. Lett., in press
Numerical Distribution Functions of Fractional Unit Root and Cointegration Tests
Creators: name: MacKinnon, James G.
name: Orregaard Nielsen, Morten
name: MacKinnon, James G.
name: Orregaard Nielsen, Morten
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: cofractional process
subject: cointegration rank
subject: fractional unit root
subject: fractional cointegration
subject: likelihood ratio test
subject: model averaging
subject: numerical CDF
subject: response surface regression

description: We calculate, by simulations, numerical asymptotic distribution functions of likelihood ratio tests for fractional unit roots and cointegration rank. Because these distributions depend on a real-valued parameter b which must be estimated, simple tabulation is not feasible. Partly due to the presence of this parameter, the choice of model specification for the response surface regressions used to obtain the numerical distribution functions is more involved than is usually the case. We deal with model uncertainty by model averaging rather than by model selection. We make available a computer program which, given the dimension of the problem, q, and a value of b, provides either a set of critical values or the asymptotic P value for any value of the likelihood ratio statistic.
Additional file 1 of Assessing fidelity to evidence-based quality improvement as an implementation strategy for patient-centered medical home transformation in the Veterans Health Administration
Creators: name: Stockdale, Susan E.
name: Hamilton, Alison B.
name: Bergman, Alicia A.
name: Rose, Danielle E.
name: Giannitrapani, Karleen F.
name: Dresselhaus, Timothy R.
name: Yano, Elizabeth M.
name: Rubenstein, Lisa V.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. EBQI Core activities, Participation Measures, and Data Sources.
The Emergence and Future of Central Counterparties
Creators: name: Koeppl, Thorsten V.
name: Monnet, Cyril
name: Koeppl, Thorsten V.
name: Monnet, Cyril
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Counterparty Risk
subject: Novation
subject: Mutualization
subject: Over-the-counter Markets
subject: Customized Financial Contracts

description: We explain why central counterparties (CCPs) emerged historically. With standardized contracts, it is optimal to insure counterparty risk by clearing those contracts through a CCP that uses novation and mutualization. As netting is not essential for these services, it does not explain why CCPs exist. In over-the-counter markets, as contracts are customized and not fungible, a CCP cannot fully guarantee contract performance. Still, a CCP can help: As bargaining leads to an inefficient allocation of default risk relative to the gains from customization, a transfer scheme is needed. A CCP can implement it by offering partial insurance for customized contracts.
Vacua in locally de Sitter cosmologies, and how to distinguish them
Creators: name: Toussaint, Vladimir
name: Louko, Jorma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (1+1)-dimensional locally de Sitter Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies with compact spatial sections allow cosh, sinh and exponential evolution laws, each with a freely-specifiable spatial circumference parameter, and the value of this parameter has an invariant geometric meaning for the cosh and sinh evolution laws. We identify geometrically preferred states for a quantised massive scalar field on these cosmologies, some singled out by adiabatic criteria in the distant past, with an ambiguity remaining due to a massive zero mode, and others induced from the Euclidean vacuum on standard (1+1)-dimensional de Sitter space by a quotient construction. We show that a comoving quantum observer, modelled as an Unruh-DeWitt detector, can distinguish these states from the Euclidean vacuum on standard de Sitter space. Numerical plots are given in selected parameter regimes. We also evaluate the field's stress-energy tensor expectation value for those states that are induced from the Euclidean vacuum by a quotient construction.
description: 33 pages, 3 figures. v2: presentational clarifications, expanded title
Acquisitions as a Response to Deregulation: Evidence from the Cable Television Industry
Creators: name: Byrne, David
name: Byrne, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Acquisition
subject: Entry
subject: Coalition Formation
subject: Economies of Density
subject: Economies of Scale
subject: Simulated Maximum Likelihood
subject: Cable Television

description: This paper studies the dynamics of an industry that is subject to exclusive geographical licensing. I develop a model of license ownership that predicts the evolution of profit-maximizing entry and acquisition decisions by firms over time, starting from an initial allocation of licenses. The entry and acquisition process is modeled as a one-sided coalition-formation game as in Farrell and Scotchmer (1988), where acquisition payoffs depend on economies of scale and agglomeration (economies of density). I estimate the model for the cable television industry in Canada using a panel that I have constructed from 1990 to 1996. The dataset builds up from the national regulator’s license-ownership decision files, and contains license-level information on acquisition decisions, subscribership, and subscription profits. The model is estimated in two steps. I first estimate firms’ license-level profit functions, and then estimate the parameters of the fixed, merger and entry cost functions by Simulated Maximum Likelihood. Through counterfactual simulations, I use the estimated model to quantify the extent to which economies of scale and density drive acquisition behaviour, and to evaluate how merger activity reacts to a partial deregulation that occurs in 1994. Counterfactual experiments are also used to evaluate policies that stimulate entry or reduce acquisitions in the early years of the sample. The main finding is that these policies can lead to more productive dominant firms in the long-run as the industry consolidates.
Space hot chili peppers
Creators: Valentina Guglielmo
Publisher: name: Media Inaf
Year: 2021

Ci hanno messo circa tre mesi per crescere, e sono stati raccolti a fine ottobre, i primi peperoncini verdi coltivati sulla Stazione spaziale internazionale. La possibilità di produrre ortaggi e frutta in microgravità è fondamentale in vista di lunghe missioni future verso la Luna o Marte
A divide-and-conquer algorithm for computing Gröbner bases of syzygies in finite dimension
Creators: name: Naldi, Simone
name: Neiger, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Symbolic Computation (cs.SC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Let $f_1,\ldots,f_m$ be elements in a quotient $R^n / N$ which has finite dimension as a $K$-vector space, where $R = K[X_1,\ldots,X_r]$ and $N$ is an $R$-submodule of $R^n$. We address the problem of computing a Gröbner basis of the module of syzygies of $(f_1,\ldots,f_m)$, that is, of vectors $(p_1,\ldots,p_m) \in R^m$ such that $p_1 f_1 + \cdots + p_m f_m = 0$. An iterative algorithm for this problem was given by Marinari, Möller, and Mora (1993) using a dual representation of $R^n / N$ as the kernel of a collection of linear functionals. Following this viewpoint, we design a divide-and-conquer algorithm, which can be interpreted as a generalization to several variables of Beckermann and Labahn's recursive approach for matrix Padé and rational interpolation problems. To highlight the interest of this method, we focus on the specific case of bivariate Padé approximation and show that it improves upon the best known complexity bounds.
description: ISSAC 2020. 8 pages, 4 algorithms
Analysis of the contributions of three-body potentials in the equation of state of 4He
Creators: name: Ujevic, Sebastian
name: Vitiello, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of three-body interatomic contributions in the equation of state of 4He are investigated. A recent two-body potential together with the Cohen and Murrell (Chem. Phys. Lett. 260, 371 (1996)) three-body potential are applied to describe bulk helium. The triple-dipole dispersion and exchange energies are evaluated subjected only to statistical uncertainties. An extension of the diffusion Monte Carlo method is applied in order to compute very small energies differences. The results show how the three-body contributions affects the ground-state energy, the equilibrium, melting and freezing densities.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables
Diadasia (Coquillettapis) australis
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Diadasia (Coquillettapis) australis (Cresson, 1878)
[Syntypes: ♀ ♂, Riding, Morrison, Colorado; Belfrage, Texas, USA]
This species is widely distributed in both Mexico and the USA, which is supported by historic and recent surveys. This species is within the australis complex along with D. rinconis and opuntiae and all are pollen specialists on flowers in the family Cactaceae (Sipes and Tepedino 2005). UCRC reports one specimen collected in May 1949 in the Central Desert and we reviewed one specimen collected in the Gulf Coast in La Paz in June 1921 (CASC). The CARCIB team collected two females in the Sarcocaulescent Shrubland in April 2018, and two females and one male in the Gulf Coast in November 2016, and March and May 2016. Additionally, the BBPT collected 13 males in May 2021 and 2022 in the Baja California Mountains and Central Desert (7 ♂ MABC; 6 ♂ ECOAB). See fig. 93.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 154, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Class, ethnicity, gender and Latino entrepreneurship: Salvadoran and Peruvian networks in greater Washington D.C
Creators: name: Verdaguer, Maria Eugenia
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies

description: Through a case study on Washington Salvadorans and Peruvians, this research investigates the effect of Latino immigrant social relations on economic action. Specifically, it explores how immigrant class, ethnic, and gender-based networks interact with the local opportunity structure to mediate Latino entrepreneurial outcomes. In particular, it examines these questions: How do Latinos belonging to distinct immigrant groups leverage qualitatively distinct economic, social and cultural resources from each other in pursuing business ventures? Are Salvadoran and Peruvian strategies for access to business ownership and business development "gendered"? Is the social embeddedness of men and women's networks effective in facilitating entrepreneurial ventures? And how do immigrants and stakeholders perceive the policy environment for Latino business development across the Washington metropolitan area?; Census data contextualizes this qualitative study, which includes 107 initial survey interviews with Salvadoran and Peruvian entrepreneurs, 25 unstructured interviews with local institutional stakeholders, and 45 in-depth interviews with a selected group of informants across various research sites. The study also draws from participant observation and secondary data analysis. The experiences of study participants confirm that Washington Salvadoran and Peruvian immigrant entrepreneurs are differentiated social and economic actors; that their business practices and social networks are indeed gendered, and that their unique location in the stratification system shape their access to entrepreneurial opportunities. Yet, findings suggest that it is participants' agency, manifested through their mobilization and participation in localized social networks, what ultimately allows Salvadoran and Peruvian men and women to enhance the terms of their opportunity structure. Focusing on social patterns between and within groups, this dissertation situates immigrant entrepreneurship within concrete geographical, demographic and historical spaces, beginning to unveil the story of some of the less "successful" immigrant entrepreneurial groups in America.
Diagnosing and predicting extreme precipitation events in Southeast Brazil
Creators: name: Reed, Aisha
name: Liebmann, Brant
Publisher: name: University Corporation For Atmospheric Research (UCAR)
Year: 2000

Extreme daily precipitation events that occurred in Sao Paulo, Brazil from 1979-1995 during the austral summer are examined to document the atmospheric conditions associated with their occurrences. 1n this study, events are studied in which 14% and 30% of the average seasonal total rainfall fell in one day at at least one station. Mean composites and anomalies are obtained for the 5 DO-millibar heights, to make synoptic patterns, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), to observe convection, for the day of and days preceding and following the event. There is a stationary trough on the days preceding and the day of the event, and the OLR indicates that convection is in the area at least one day before the event and begins to dissipate the day after an event.