cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical Conductivity of Twisted Bilayer Graphene Near the Magic Angle
Creators: name: Wen, Lu
name: Li, Zhiqiang
name: He, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study the band structure and optical conductivity of twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) near the magic angle considering the effects of lattice relaxation. We show that the optical conductivity spectrum is characterized by a series of peaks associated with the van Hove singularities in the band structure, and the peak energies evolve systematically with the twist angle. Lattice relaxation effects in TBG modify its band structure, especially the flat bands, which lead to significant shifts of the peaks in optical conductivity. These results demonstrate that spectroscopic features in the optical conductivity can serve as fingerprints for exploring the band structure, band gap and lattice relaxation in magic angle TBG as well as identifying its rotation angle.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, accepted by Chinese Physics B
Applying the Science of Learning to Teacher Professional Development and Back Again: Lessons from 3 Country Contexts
Creators: name: D'Sa, Nikhit
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 390307
subject: Teacher education and professional development of educators

description: Evidence from the science of learning suggests that playful learning pedagogical approaches exist along a spectrum and can support student learning. Leveraging active engagement, iterative, socially interactive, meaningful, and joyful interactions with content also supports student learning. Translating these concepts into guidance and support for teachers is lacking. We introduce a tool designed to support teachers in implementing across the facilitation spectrum and leverage the characteristics that help children learn. Across three international contexts, we engaged with 1207 teachers, and the tool was used 4911 times. Student age, the intended learning goal, and context influenced teachers’ use of the tool, suggesting that contextualization is critical, even when basing programs on evidence-based, universal principles given by the science of learning. Science of learning research must be effectively translated but we must use evidence from teachers and real-life classrooms to inform those studying the science of learning.
Distributed Global Optimization (DGO)
Creators: name: Valafar, Homayoun
name: Ersoy, Okan K.
name: Valafar, Faramarz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: A new technique of global optimization and its applications in particular to neural networks are presented. The algorithm is also compared to other global optimization algorithms such as Gradient descent (GD), Monte Carlo (MC), Genetic Algorithm (GA) and other commercial packages. This new optimization technique proved itself worthy of further study after observing its accuracy of convergence, speed of convergence and ease of use. Some of the advantages of this new optimization technique are listed below: 1. Optimizing function does not have to be continuous or differentiable. 2. No random mechanism is used, therefore this algorithm does not inherit the slow speed of random searches. 3. There are no fine-tuning parameters (such as the step rate of G.D. or temperature of S.A.) needed for this technique. 4. This algorithm can be implemented on parallel computers so that there is little increase in computation time (compared to linear increase) as the number of dimensions increases. The time complexity of O(n) is achieved.
description: 7 pages
Transpose symmetry of the Jones Matrix and topological phases
Creators: name: Bhandari, Rajendra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transmission Jones matrix of an arbitrary stack of reciprocal plane parallel plates which has been turned through 180 degrees about an axis in the plane of the stack is, in an appropriate basis, the transpose of the transmission matrix of the unturned slab with a change in the sign of the off-diagonal elements. We prove this convention-free result for the case where reflection at the interfaces can be ignored and use it to devise an experimental scheme to separate isotropic and topological phase changes in a reciprocal optical medium.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, submitted to Optics Letters
Nonlinear Schrödinger equations from prequantum classical statistical field theory
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive some important features of the standard quantum mechanics from a certain classical-like model -- prequantum classical statistical field theory, PCSFT. In this approach correspondence between classical and quantum quantities is established through asymptotic expansions. PCSFT induces not only linear Schrödinger's equation, but also its {\it nonlinear generalizations.} This coupling with ``nonlinear wave mechanics'' is used to evaluate the small parameter of PCSFT.
description: Links to theory of nonlinear Schrodinger equation; new model of physical space: Infinite-Dimensional Physical Space
Vortex Formation by Interference of Multiple Trapped Bose-Einstein Condensates
Creators: name: Scherer, David R.
name: Weiler, Chad N.
name: Neely, Tyler W.
name: Anderson, Brian P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations of vortex formation as a result of merging together multiple $^{87}$Rb Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in a confining potential. In this experiment, a trapping potential is partitioned into three sections by a barrier, enabling the simultaneous formation of three independent, uncorrelated condensates. The three condensates then merge together into one BEC, either by removal of the barrier, or during the final stages of evaporative cooling if the barrier energy is low enough; both processes can naturally produce vortices within the trapped BEC. We interpret the vortex formation mechanism as originating in interference between the initially independent condensates, with indeterminate relative phases between the three initial condensates and the condensate merging rate playing critical roles in the probability of observing vortices in the final, single BEC.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Secondary defense responses of White spruce (Picea glauca) and arctic lupine (Lupinus arcticus) to changes in herbivory and soil nutrient concentrations
Creators: name: Sharam, Gregory John-David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: White spruce (Picea glauca, Voss) contains an antifeedant (camphor) which deters snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben), a generalist herbivore, from feeding on it. Spruce was used as a model species to test the sometimes conflicting predictions of the Optimal Defense, and the Carbon: Nutrient Balance (CNB) theories of plant defense. The Optimal Defense theory predicts that plants will produce inducible defenses, this concentration being a function of the intensity of herbivore attack, and soil fertility. The CNB theory predicts that changes to the carbon: nutrient ratio will alter the relative amount of available carbon in the plant, and thus, the amount of defensive investment. Twig samples of white spruce were collected from small (0.5-1 m tall), medium (2-3m), and large (6-10m) trees growing in areas which have had Herbivore Exclusion, Fertilization, and Herbivore Exclusion + Fertilization treatments for 9 years. Twig samples were also collected from a group of medium-sized trees on Control and Fertilized areas that had been exposed to low and high levels of simulated herbivory. Medium and large trees were also sampled repeatedly during a period of fifteen months to examine yearly patterns of defensive investment. Medium and large trees on Herbivore Exclusion and Fertilization treatment areas had reduced defenses, with additively reduced defenses on the Herbivore Exclusion + Fertilization treatment area. Small tree defenses did not vary between treatment areas. Medium-sized trees exposed to low levels of simulated herbivory decreased defenses within the same year as treatment, and increased defenses the year after treatment. Medium-sized trees exposed to high levels of simulated herbivory had reduced defenses in both the same and the year following treatment. A yearly defense cycle was detected, with a minimum in June-July, and a maximum in December-January. Results suggest that spruce trees defend both optimally and as a response to carbon: nutrient limitation. A modified CNB theory is proposed that addresses problems in the original CNB theory, and has better predictive abilities. The defensive content (spartein) of arctic lupines {Lupinus arcticus S. Watts) was also investigated. No variation in defenses was found between lupines on different treatment areas. Spartein concentration was found to cycle on a daily basis, with a maximum at 2 am and a minimum from 10 am to 6 pm. The results of the lupine study are included in an appendix.
Quasi-isotropic orbital magnetoresistance in lightly doped SrTiO$_{3}$
Creators: name: Collignon, Clément
name: Awashima, Yudai
name: Ravi
name: Lin, Xiao
name: Rischau, Carl Willem
name: Acheche, Anissa
name: Vignolle, Baptiste
name: Proust, Cyril
name: Fuseya, Yuki
name: Behnia, Kamran
name: Fauqué, Benoît
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A magnetic field parallel to an electrical current does not produce a Lorentz force on the charge carriers. Therefore, orbital longitudinal magnetoresistance is unexpected. Here we report on the observation of a large and non saturating magnetoresistance in lightly doped SrTiO$_{3-x}$ independent of the relative orientation of current and magnetic field. We show that this quasi-isotropic magnetoresistance can be explained if the carrier mobility along all orientations smoothly decreases with magnetic field. This anomalous regime is restricted to low concentrations when the dipolar correlation length is longer than the distance between carriers. We identify cyclotron motion of electrons in a potential landscape tailored by polar domains as the cradle of quasi-isotropic orbital magnetoresistance. The result emerges as a challenge to theory and may be a generic feature of lightly-doped quantum paralectric materials.
description: S.M on request
Stiffness Analysis of 3-d.o.f. Overconstrained Translational Parallel Manipulators
Creators: name: Pashkevich, Anatoly
name: Chablat, Damien
name: Wenger, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper presents a new stiffness modelling method for overconstrained parallel manipulators, which is applied to 3-d.o.f. translational mechanisms. It is based on a multidimensional lumped-parameter model that replaces the link flexibility by localized 6-d.o.f. virtual springs. In contrast to other works, the method includes a FEA-based link stiffness evaluation and employs a new solution strategy of the kinetostatic equations, which allows computing the stiffness matrix for the overconstrained architectures and for the singular manipulator postures. The advantages of the developed technique are confirmed by application examples, which deal with comparative stiffness analysis of two translational parallel manipulators.
The area minimizing problem in conformal cones, II
Creators: name: Gao, Qiang
name: Zhou, Hengyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 49Q20: Secondary 53C21. 53A10, . 35A01. 35J25

description: In this paper we continue to study the connection among the area minimizing problem, certain area functional and the Dirichlet problem of minimal surface equations in a class of conformal cones with a similar motivation from \cite{GZ20}. These cones are certain generalizations of hyperbolic spaces. We describe the structure of area minimizing $n$-nteger multiplicity currents in bounded $C^2$ conformal cones with prescribed $C^1$ graphical boundary via a minimizing problem of these area functionals. As an application we solve the corresponding Dirichlet problem of minimal surface equations under a mean convex type assumption. We also extend the existence and uniqueness of a local area minimizing integer multiplicity current with star-shaped infinity boundary in hyperbolic spaces into a large class of complete conformal manifolds.
description: The is a sequel to arXiv:2001.06207. 12pt, Page 40
Thermodynamics of de Sitter Black Holes: Thermal Cosmological Constant
Creators: name: Sekiwa, Yuichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamic properties associated with the black hole event horizon and the cosmological horizon for black hole solutions in asymptotically de Sitter spacetimes. We examine thermodynamics of these horizons on the basis of the conserved charges according to Teitelboim's method. In particular, we have succeeded in deriving the generalized Smarr formula among thermodynamical quantities in a simple and natural way. We then show that cosmological constant must decrease when one takes into account the quantum effect. These observations have been obtained if and only if cosmological constant plays the role of a thermodynamical state variable. We also touch upon the relation between inflation of our universe and a phase transition of black holes.
description: Revtex4, 11pages
Star Formation Properties of Sloan Digital Sky Survey BOSS Void Galaxies in the Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
Creators: name: Jian, Hung-Yu
name: Lin, Lihwai
name: Hsieh, Bau-Ching
name: Lin, Kai-Yang
name: Umetsu, Keiichi
name: Lopez-Coba, Carlos
name: Koyama, Yusei
name: Hsu, Chin-Hao
name: Su, Yung-Chau
name: Chang, Yu-Yen
name: Kodama, Tadayuki
name: Komiyama, Yutaka
name: More, Surhud
name: Nishizawa, Atsushi J.
name: Oguri, Masamune
name: Tanaka, Ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We utilize the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) Wide Survey to explore the properties of galaxies located in the voids identified from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) up to z~0.7. The HSC reaches i~25, allowing us to characterize the void galaxies down to 10$^{9.2}$ solar mass. We find that the revised void galaxy densities, when including faint galaxies in voids defined by bright galaxies, are still underdense compared to the mean density from the entire field. In addition, we classify galaxies into star-forming, quiescent, and green valley populations, and find that void galaxies tend to have slightly higher fractions of star-forming galaxies under the mass and redshift control, although the significance of this result is only moderate (2$σ$). However, when we focus on the star-forming population, the distribution of the specific star formation rate (sSFR) of void galaxies shows little difference from that of the control galaxies. Similarly, the median sSFR of star-forming void galaxies is also in good agreement with that of the star-forming control galaxies. Moreover, the effective green valley fraction of void galaxies, defined as the number of green valley galaxies over the number of nonquiescent galaxies, is comparable to that of the control ones, supporting the suggestion that void and control galaxies evolve under similar physical processes and quenching frequencies. Our results thus favor a scenario of the galaxy assembly bias.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, ApJ accepted
Properties of graphene-related materials controlling thermal conductivity of their polymer nanocomposites
Creators: name: Colonna, Samuele
name: Battegazzore, Daniele
name: Eleuteri, Matteo
name: Arrigo, Rossella
name: Fina, Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Different types of graphene-related materials (GRM) are industrially available and have been exploited for thermal conductivity enhancement in polymers. These include materials with very different features, in terms of thickness, lateral size and composition, especially concerning the oxygen to carbon ratio and the possible presence of surface functionalization. Due to the variability of GRM properties, the differences in polymer nanocomposites preparation methods and the microstructures obtained, a large scatter of thermal conductivity performance is found in literature. However, detailed correlations between GRM-based nanocomposites features, including nanoplatelets thickness and size, defectiveness, composition and dispersion, with their thermal conductivity remain mostly undefined. In the present paper, the thermal conductivity of GRM-based polymer nanocomposites, prepared by melt polymerization of cyclic polybutylene terephtalate oligomers, exploiting 13 different GRM grades, was investigated. The selected GRM, covering a wide range of specific surface area, size and defectiveness, secure a sound basis for the understanding of the effect of GRM properties on the thermal conductivity of their relevant polymer nanocomposites. Indeed, the thermal conductivity obtained appeared to depend on the interplay between the above GRM feature. In particular, the combination of low GRM defectiveness and high filler percolation density was found to maximize the nanocomposites thermal conductivity.
Infinitesimally thin static scalar shells surrounding charged Gauss-Bonnet black holes
Creators: name: Hod, Shahar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reveal the existence of a new form of spontaneously scalarized black-hole configurations. In particular, it is proved that Reissner-Nordström black holes in the highly charged regime $Q/M>(Q/M)_{\text{crit}}=\sqrt{21}/5$ can support {\it thin} matter shells that are made of massive scalar fields with a non-minimal coupling to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant of the curved spacetime. These static scalar shells, which become infinitesimally thin in the dimensionless large-mass $Mμ\gg1$ regime, hover a finite proper distance above the black-hole horizon [here $\{M,Q\}$ are respectively the mass and electric charge of the central supporting black hole, and $μ$ is the proper mass of the supported scalar field]. In addition, we derive a remarkably compact analytical formula for the discrete resonance spectrum $\{η(Q/M,Mμ;n)\}_{n=0}^{n=\infty}$ of the non-trivial coupling parameter which characterizes the bound-state charged-black-hole-thin-massive-scalar-shell cloudy configurations of the composed Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field theory.
description: 17 pages
Uniform discretizations: a new approach for the quantization of totally constrained systems
Creators: name: Campiglia, Miguel
name: Di Bartolo, Cayetano
name: Gambini, Rodolfo
name: Pullin, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss in detail the uniform discretization approach to the quantization of totally constrained theories. This approach allows to construct the continuum theory of interest as a well defined, controlled, limit of well behaved discrete theories. We work out several finite dimensional examples that exhibit behaviors expected to be of importance in the quantization of gravity. We also work out the case of BF theory. At the time of quantization, one can take two points of view. The technique can be used to define, upon taking the continuum limit, the space of physical states of the continuum constrained theory of interest. In particular we show in models that it agrees with the group averaging procedure when the latter exists. The technique can also be used to compute, at the discrete level, conditional probabilities and the introduction of a relational time. Upon taking the continuum limit one can show that one reproduces results obtained by the use of evolving constants, and therefore recover all physical predictions of the continuum theory. This second point of view can also be used as a paradigm to deal with cases where the continuum limit does not exist. There one would have discrete theories that at least at certain scales reproduce the semiclassical properties of the theory of interest. In this way the approach can be viewed as a generalization of the Dirac quantization procedure that can handle situations where the latter fails.
description: 17 pages, Revtex, no figures, published version
Evaluation of 70 MPH Speed Limit in Kentucky
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objective of this study was to document the change in operating speeds of cars and trucks on rural interstates and parkways as a result of the change in speed limit from 65 mph to 70 mph. The 85th percentile speed increased 1.3 mph for cars (74.6 to 75.9 mph) and 0.6 mph for trucks (69.8 to 70.4 mph) on rural interstates and 2.0 mph for cars (73.5 to 75.5 mph) and 1.2 mph for trucks (69.5 to 70.7 mph) on four-lane parkways. The increase in speed limits on a limited number of roads did not result in an increase in speeds on other highway types. There is a large difference between the 85th percentile speed and posted speed limit on non-interstate and parkway roads which were designed to accommodate higher speeds.
Random vibrations of stress-driven nonlocal beams with external damping
Creators: name: Pinnola, Francesco Paolo
name: Vaccaro, Marzia Sara
name: Barretta, Raffaele
name: de Sciarra, Francesco Marotti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic flexural vibrations of small-scale Bernoulli-Euler beams with external damping are investigated by stress-driven nonlocal mechanics. Damping effects are simulated considering viscous interactions between beam and surrounding environment. Loadings are modeled by accounting for their random nature. Such a dynamic problem is characterized by a stochastic partial differential equation in space and time governing time-evolution of the relevant displacement field. Differential eigenanalyses are performed to evaluate modal time coordinates and mode shapes, providing a complete stochastic description of response solutions. Closed-form expressions of power spectral density, correlation function, stationary and non-stationary variances of displacement fields are analytically detected. Size-dependent dynamic behaviour is assessed in terms of stiffness, variance and power spectral density of displacements. The outcomes can be useful for design and optimization of structural components of modern small-scale devices, such as Micro- and Nano-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS and NEMS).
description: Meccanica (2020)
Large Scale Pixel Anode
Creators: name: Soldner-Rembold, Stefan
name: Gil Botella, Inés
name: Francesco, Terranova
name: Saba, Parsa
name: Navrer-Agasson, Anyssa
name: Guffanti, Daniele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: WP9

description: The goal of WP9 is to develop a novel pixel readout for large scale liquid argon TPCs targeting neutrino detection. Compared to the wire-based readout currently used in single-phase liquid-argon detectors, pixelated readout will reduce reconstruction ambiguities through the direct readout of 3D space points compared to the 2D projections used in current detectors and facilitate the production of readout elements compared to the DUNE large anode wire plane assemblies (APAs). A pixel pattern can be designed in a way that maximises the 3D reconstruction efficiency. Pixel PCB board designs for large scale anode planes using pixel tiles need to fulfil the tight requirement for mechanical and electrical tolerances defined by large scale cryogenic neutrino detectors. The outcome of this deliverable is the design of an optimised pixel tile pattern for the DUNE far detector, and the design and the construction of a prototype for large scale tile-based anode plane. The main applications are the DUNE far detector and the DUNE near detector, ArgonCube.
Word-level Models to Distinguish Sex Offenders from Victims and Differentiate Among Offender Types
Creators: name: Segerson, J.
name: Zenk, J.
name: Crowell, M.
name: Kajzer, M.
name: Villano, M.
name: Battis, N.
name: Behrens, N.
Publisher: name: University of Notre Dame
Year: 2022

description: The Internet has become a dominant form of online communication and has become a method used to identify, seek out, and contact children for purposes of sexual exploitation. This research examined textual chat utterances seeking differences that would allow researchers to develop acomputer model capable of classifying a person as either a victim or child based solely on the words contained in the chats. Using text analysis methods, predictive keywords were identified that could distinguish between the text-based communications of pseudo-children (volunteers or undercover officers posing as children) and sexual offenders. A model based on these keywordswas able to classify pseudo-children with up to 96% accuracy and sexual offenders with up to 100% accuracy. A similar model also was developed to successfully distinguish two subtypes of offenders based on their motives for engaging with children online. These results represent a significant step in the categorization of textual data and show that categories of individuals can be distinguished based solely on their use of specific utterances.
Delay times and detector times for optical pulses traversing plasmas and negative refractive media
Creators: name: Nanda, Lipsa
name: Basu, Aakash
name: Ramakrishna, S. Anantha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that arrival times for electromagnetic pulses measured through the rate of absorption in an ideal impedance matched detector are equivalent to the arrival times using the average flow of optical energy as proposed by Peatross {\it et al.} [ Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 84}, 2370 (2000)]. We then investigate the transport of optical pulses through dispersive media with negative dielectric permittivity and negative refractive index choosing the geometry such that no resonant effects come into play. For evanescent waves, the definitions of the group delay and the reshaping delay get interchanged in comparison to propagating waves. The total delay times for the evanescent waves can be negative in an infinite plasma medium even for broad-band pulses. The total time is, however, positive for broad band pulses in the presence of an interface when the radiation is detected outside the plasma. We find evidence of the Hartman effect for pulses when the distance traversed in the plasma is much smaller than the free space pulse length. We also show that for a negative refractive index medium(NRM) with $ε(ω)$ = $μ(ω)$ the reshaping delay for propagating waves is identically zero. The total delay time in NRM is otherwise dominated by the reshaping delay time, and for broad band pulses in NRM the total delay time is subluminal.
Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on urban light emissions: ground and satellite comparison
Creators: name: Bustamante-Calabria, Máximo
name: de Miguel, Alejandro Sánchez
name: Martín-Ruiz, Susana
name: Ortiz, Jose-Luis
name: Vílchez, J. M.
name: Pelegrina, Alicia
name: García, Antonio
name: Zamorano, Jaime
name: Bennie, Jonathan
name: Gaston, Kevin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 'Lockdown' periods in response to COVID-19 have provided a unique opportunity to study the impacts of economic activity on environmental pollution (e.g. NO$_2$, aerosols, noise, light). The effects on NO$_2$ and aerosols have been very noticeable and readily demonstrated, but that on light pollution has proven challenging to determine. The main reason for this difficulty is that the primary source of nighttime satellite imagery of the earth is the SNPP-VIIRS/DNB instrument, which acquires data late at night after most human nocturnal activity has already occurred and much associated lighting has been turned off. Here, to analyze the effect of lockdown on urban light emissions, we use ground and satellite data for Granada, Spain, during the COVID-19 induced confinement of the city's population from March 14 until May 31, 2020. We find a clear decrease in light pollution due both to a decrease in light emissions from the city and to a decrease in anthropogenic aerosol content in the atmosphere which resulted in less light being scattered. A clear correlation between the abundance of PM10 particles and sky brightness is observed, such that the more polluted the atmosphere the brighter the urban night sky. An empirical expression is determined that relates PM10 particle abundance and sky brightness at three different wavelength bands.
Revealing Network Connectivity From Dynamics
Creators: name: Timme, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a method to infer network connectivity from collective dynamics in networks of synchronizing phase oscillators. We study the long-term stationary response to temporally constant driving. For a given driving condition, measuring the phase differences and the collective frequency reveals information about how the oscillators are interconnected. Sufficiently many repetitions for different driving conditions yield the entire network connectivity from measuring the dynamics only. For sparsely connected networks we obtain good predictions of the actual connectivity even for formally under-determined problems.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Field Theory of free Active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Particles
Creators: name: Bothe, Marius
name: Pruessner, Gunnar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a Doi-Peliti field theory for free active Ornstein-Uhlenbeck particles, or, equivalently, free inertial Brownian particles, and present a way to diagonalise the Gaussian part of the action and calculate the propagator. Unlike previous course-grained approaches this formulation correctly tracks particle identity and yet can easily be expanded to include potentials and arbitrary reactions.
The relationship between coach education methods and the Olympic performance of U.S. National Governing Bodies
Creators: name: Weber, Delia Marie
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2020
Subjects: Sport coaching
Coach education
National Governing Bodies
Performance

description: Performance as a centrality of sport coaching has been criticized. Consequently, research in the field aimed at understanding how different coach education methods impact athlete performance is limited. This study attempted to observe the relationship between methods of coach education and the Olympic performance outcomes of U.S. National Governing Bodies (NBGs). The United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee recognizes 50 official National Governing Bodies which were all examined as a part of this study. The presence of three distinct coach education methods and the Olympic performance results from 1988-2018 were researched for each NGB. This data was organized and analyzed to observe any relationships between the two. Data suggests that mediated: nonformal and unmediated/informal methods of education may have more positive impacts on performance than mediated: formal methods. Future research on the performance impacts of coach education should be conducted; a more narrow and focused study is recommended as it would provide more conclusive information regarding this relationship.
Low-Cost Safety Measures at Signalized Intersections
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objectives of this study were to: a) identify intersections with a high number of crashes involving a driver disregarding the traffic signal, b) identify types of low-cost safety measures which may be used as a countermeasure for red light running, and c) evaluate the effectiveness of the installation of some of these countermeasures at a sample of high-crash intersections. Low-cost countermeasures such as double-red signal heads and retro-reflective backplates were installed at locations either identified as a high-crash location or by district traffic engineers. Crashes decreased at these locations with a positive public response. The investigation warrants additional use of the types of low-cost countermeasures evaluated. The type of crash analysis described in the report should be used to identify intersections with intersection characteristics and the specific crash history used to select the specific countermeasure to implement.
Der Pilgerweg der Gerechtigkeit und des Friedens: Ein ökumenisches Paradigma für unsere Zeit
Creators: name: Sauca, Ioan
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 64 Nr. 1 (2015): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 64, Heft 1
The Time Velocity
Creators: name: Banik, Tapan Kumar
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 510105
subject: General relativity and gravitational waves
classificationCode: 310499
subject: Evolutionary biology not elsewhere classified

description: Abstract:We see numerous events around us every day. The motions of small atoms to large cosmic stars are part of those events, or we can say these motions are the controller of all events. But why do we see all these events or changes as specific? Why do we not see the flow of day-night or all global events change? If we consider the overall movement of objects in the universe as time, then there will be a systematic movement system of that time. A motion system that can be made to move fast-slow or back-and-forth just like an object moves. That is, I am talking about the contraction-expansion and past-future of time. What is the scientific definition of time, how it relates to physics, how it is consistent with gravity or the curvature of space, how life experiences the flow of time, and how the sensed external time flow is related to brain time are discussed here. Attempts to simplify the mysterious motion of time through simple mathematical analysis can radically change our conventional understanding of time.
The impact of Sweden’s access laws of archives
Creators: name: Yoos, Holly Perrin
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis examines the effects of access laws on archives and uses Sweden as its case subject. The research seeks to address two key questions: first, how does legally guaranteed access to public records affect the role of archival institutions in records management and control and, second, how does legally guaranteed access to public records affect the quality of records as sources of mformation about government activity. Six Swedish archivists were interviewed, three from the National Archives' Department of Inspection and Consultation and three from other government agencies. According to these archivists, the public, the media and researchers strongly value Sweden's access laws, although the public tends only to use the laws for investigating matters that directly concern them. Unity of management is not fully realized in Sweden because the National Archives shares some of its responsibilities with other organizational bodies. Unity of control exists in Sweden and access laws are one factor that supports records control. The archivists argued that access laws can have a negative effect on the quality of records because officials occasionally fail to put matters into writing and, occasionally, the public will self-censor its correspondence with the government. However, by far a more common method of circumventing the access laws is to fail to register documents. Overall, none of the archivists felt that these activities occurred frequently enough to pose a major problem.
Molecular Gas in NUclei of GAlaxies (NUGA): IX. The decoupled bars and gas inflow in NGC 2782
Creators: name: Hunt, L. K.
name: Combes, F.
name: García-Burillo, S.
name: Schinnerer, E.
name: Krips, M.
name: Baker, A. J.
name: Boone, F.
name: Eckart, A.
name: Léon, S.
name: Neri, R.
name: Tacconi, L. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) maps of the starburst/Seyfert 1 galaxy NGC 2782, obtained with the IRAM interferometer. The CO emission is aligned along the stellar nuclear bar of radius 1 kpc, configured in an elongated structure with two spiral arms at high pitch angle. At the extremity of the nuclear bar, the CO changes direction to trace two more extended spiral features at a lower pitch angle. These are the beginning of two straight dust lanes, which are aligned parallel to an oval distortion, reminiscent of a primary bar, almost perpendicular to the nuclear one. The two embedded bars appear in Spitzer IRAC near-infrared images, and HST color images, although highly obscured by dust in the latter. We compute the torques exerted by the stellar bars on the gas, and find systematically negative average torques down to the resolution limit of the images, providing evidence of gas inflow tantalizingly close to the nucleus of NGC 2782. The observations are well reproduced by numerical simulations, including gas dissipation, which predict the secondary bar decoupling, the formation of an elongated ring at the 1 kpc-radius Inner Lindblad Resonance (ILR) of the primary bar, and the gas inflow to the ILR of the nuclear bar. The presence of molecular gas inside the ILR of the primary bar, transported by a second nuclear bar, is a potential ``smoking gun''; the gas there is certainly fueling the central starburst, and in a second step could fuel directly the AGN.
description: 23 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in A&A; revised 28/2/2008 with additional references for Section 7.2
Wie KI Studium und Lehre verändert: Anwendungsfelder, Use-Cases und Gelingensbedingungen
Creators: name: Wannemacher, Klaus
name: Bosse, Elke
name: Lübke, Maren
name: Kaemena, Alena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mit der explorativen Studie „KI in Studium und Lehre – Use-Cases und Gelingensbedingungen“ legt das HIS-Institut für Hochschulentwicklung e. V. (HIS-HE) im Auftrag des Hochschulforums Digitalisierung eine systematische Analyse von Use-Cases von generativen KI-Tools an deutschsprachigen Hochschulen vor. Die Untersuchung dokumentiert vielfältige Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und zeigt, unter welchen Bedingungen der Einsatz generativer KI erfolgreich gelingt. Grundlage der Studie sind 77 eingereichte Praxisbeispiele aus verschiedenen Hochschultypen und Fächergruppen, von denen neun Cases vertieft analysiert wurden und in der Form einzelner Steckbriefe näher vorgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse machen deutlich: Der KI-Einsatz an Hochschulen bedient ein breites Anwendungsspektrum und eröffnet neue Spielräume für Lehre, Lernen, Support und Beratung.
The ALPINE-ALMA [CII] Survey: Investigation of 10 Galaxies at $z\sim4.5$ with [OII] and [CII] Line Emission $-$ ISM Properties and [OII]$-$SFR Relation
Creators: name: Vanderhoof, Brittany N.
name: Faisst, A. L.
name: Shen, L.
name: Lemaux, B. C.
name: Béthermin, M.
name: Capak, P. L.
name: Cassata, P.
name: Fèvre, O. Le
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Silverman, J.
name: Yan, L.
name: Boquien, M.
name: Gal, R.
name: Kartaltepe, J.
name: Lubin, L. M.
name: Dessauges-Zavadsky, M.
name: Fudamoto, Y.
name: Ginolfi, M.
name: Hathi, N. P.
name: Jones, G. C.
name: Koekemoer, A. M.
name: Narayanan, D.
name: Romano, M.
name: Talia, M.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Zamorani, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present $10$ main-sequence ALPINE galaxies (log($M/M_{\odot}$) = 9.2-11.1 and ${\rm SFR}=23-190\,{\rm M_{\odot}\,yr^{-1}}$) at $z\sim4.5$ with optical [OII] measurements from Keck/MOSFIRE spectroscopy and Subaru/MOIRCS narrow-band imaging. This is the largest such multi-wavelength sample at these redshifts, combining various measurements in the ultra-violet, optical, and far-infrared including [CII]$_{158{\rm μm}}$ line emission and dust continuum from ALMA and H$α$ emission from Spitzer photometry. For the first time, this unique sample allows us to analyze the relation between [OII] and total star-formation rate (SFR) and the interstellar medium (ISM) properties via [OII]/[CII] and [OII]/\halpha luminosity ratios at $z\sim4.5$. The [OII]$-$SFR relation at $z\sim4.5$ cannot be described using standard local descriptions, but is consistent with a metal-dependent relation assuming metallicities around $50\%$ solar. To explain the measured dust-corrected luminosity ratios of $L[OII]/L[CII] \sim 0.98^{+0.21}_{-0.22}$ and $L[OII]/LHa \sim -0.22^{+0.13}_{-0.15}$ for our sample, ionization parameters $\log(U)< -2$ and electron densities $\log(\rm n_e / {\rm [cm^{-3}]}) \sim 2.5-3$ are required. The former is consistent with galaxies at $z\sim2-3$, however lower than at $z>6$. The latter may be slightly higher than expected given the galaxies' specific SFR. The analysis of this pilot sample suggests that typical log($ M/M_{\odot})$ > 9 galaxies at $z\sim4.5$ to have broadly similar ISM properties as their descendants at $z\sim2$ and suggest a strong evolution of ISM properties since the Epoch of Reionization at $z>6$.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication to MNRAS
Origin of young accreting neutron stars in high-mass X-ray binaries in supernova remnants
Creators: name: Khokhriakova, A. D.
name: Popov, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, several accreting neutron stars (NSs) in X-ray binary systems inside supernova remnants have been discovered. They represent a puzzle for the standard magneto-rotational evolution of NSs, as their ages ($\lesssim 10^5$ years) are much shorter than the expected duration of Ejector and Propeller stages preceding the onset of wind accretion. To explain appearance of such systems, we consider rotational evolution of NSs with early fallback accretion and asymmetry in forward/backward transitions between Ejector and Propeller stages (so-called hysteresis effect proposed by V. Shvartsman in 1970). It is shown that after a successful fallback episode with certain realistic values of the initial spin period, stellar wind properties, and magnetic field, a young NS may not enter the Ejector stage during its evolution which results in a relatively rapid initiation of accretion within the lifetime of a supernova remnant. For a standard magnetic field $\sim 10^{12}$~G and initial spin period $\sim 0.1$~--~0.2~s accretion rate $\gtrsim 10^{14}$~--~$10^{15}$~g~s$^{-1}$ is enough to avoid the Ejector stage.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
2008 Safety Belt Usage Survey in Kentucky
Creators: name: Agent, Kenneth R.
name: Green, Eric R.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: The objective of this study was to establish 2008 safety belt and child safety seat usage rates in Kentucky. The 2008 survey continues to document the results after enactment of the initial “secondary enforcement” statewide mandatory safety belt law in 1994 and the subsequent change to “primary enforcement” which was enacted in 2006. Data were collected at 200 randomly selected sites spread across Kentucky. Data from the individual sites were combined into a statewide percentage considering roadway functional classification, geographic region, and vehicle miles traveled.  The data show that the usage rate in 2008 (73.3 percent) increased compared to 2007 (71.8 percent). Considering data taken after the original statewide law, this compares to 67 percent in 2006 and 2005, 66 in 2004 and 2003, 62 percent in 2002 and 2001, 60 percent in 2000, 59 percent in 1999, 54 percent in 1998, 1997 and 1995, 55 percent in 1996, and 58 percent in 1994. The current usage is substantially above the 1993 level, prior to enactment of the original statewide law, of 42 percent.  The 2008 statewide usage rate for children under the age of four was determined to be 98 percent.  Usage varies by highway functional classification. The highest rate of 82 percent was found on rural interstates with the lowest rate of 65 percent on rural local and collector roads.  Usage also varied by region of the state and by vehicle type. The lowest usage rate was found in the east region and for pickups with the highest usage in the north region and for vans. The range in usage varied from 52 percent for pickups in the east region to 81 percent for vans in the north region.
Resolution of an apparent inconsistency in the electromagnetic Casimir effect
Creators: name: Alnes, H.
name: Olaussen, K.
name: Ravndal, F.
name: Wehus, I. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vacuum expectation value of the electromagnetic energy-momentum tensor between two parallel plates in spacetime dimensions D > 4 is calculated in the axial gauge. While the pressure between the plates agrees with the global Casimir force, the energy density is divergent at the plates and not compatible with the total energy which follows from the force. However, subtracting the divergent self-energies of the plates, the resulting energy is finite and consistent with the force. In analogy with the corresponding scalar case for spacetime dimensions D > 2, the divergent self-energy of a single plate can be related to the lack of conformal invariance of the electromagnetic Lagrangian for dimensions D > 4.
description: v2: 7 pages, minor update, one reference added, published version