cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comment on "First Observation of Ground State Dineutron Decay: 16Be"
Creators: name: Marques, F. M.
name: Orr, N. A.
name: Achouri, N. L.
name: Delaunay, F.
name: Gibelin, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent measurement [Spyrou et al., PRL 108, 102501 (2012)] of the in-flight decay of 16Be into 14Be+n+n has been interpreted as the first case of dineutron emission. Here we point out that the inclusion of the n-n interaction neglected in the description of the direct three-body decay can generate strong enhancements at low n-n relative energy and angle, as observed, without any need to invoke dineutron decay.
description: Final version, published in Physical Review Letters
title: Drama-Based Play Practices as Complex Enrichment for Chimpanzees in Captivity
Creators: name: Martins, Isabel
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: chimpanzees in captivity
subject: caregiver burnout
subject: theatre for the early years
subject: creative arts
subject: expressive arts
subject: drama
subject: Theater
subject: Education--Art
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Anthropology--Physical
subject: Animal Pathology

description: This thesis study focuses on exploring drama-based play practices as complex enrichment for chimpanzees in human-managed settings and draws on trans-species psychiatry, embodied aspects of creativity, and the positive effects of the human-animal bond to inform the design of its activities. The PACE (playfulness, acceptance, curiosity, and empathy) strategy frames the application of the drama-based activities to support sensory stimulation, motor action, and cognitive engagement. These activities leverage environmental objects commonly offered as enrichment but used differently in ‘storied doing’ with caregivers. In other words, the objects are part of the process of enrichment and are not the sole means of enrichment. The drama-based strategies were chosen to facilitate new experiences through different means of locomotion, sensory perception, kinaesthetic exploration of materials, and creative expression in co-creation with a caregiver.
MOESM1 of Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Mouse Gonadal Development Involving Sexual Differentiation, Meiosis and Gametogenesis
Creators: name: Wang, Jian
name: Tian, Geng
name: Zheng, Zhuxia
name: Li, Bo
name: Xing, Qinghe
name: Wu, Ji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Proteinâ protein interaction network for genes with sex-biased gonadal expression in mice. (PDF 203 kb)
Front matter for: Papers in Papuan Linguistics No. 1
Creators: name: Brown, W. (Ed.)
name: Fields, P. (Ed.)
name: Jarvinen, L. (Ed.)
name: Jones, L. (Ed.)
name: Laycock, D. (Ed.)
name: Roberts, J. (Ed.)
name: Shelden, D. (Ed.)
name: Shelden, H. (Ed.)
name: Steinhauer, H. (Ed.)
name: Watuseke, F. (Ed.)
name: Whitehead, C. (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1991

description: Contents iiiPREFACE v
RNA force field with accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art protein force fields
Creators: name: Tan, Dazhi
name: Piana, Stefano
name: Dirks, Robert M.
name: Shaw, David Elliot
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biochemistry
Biophysics
RNA-protein interactions
Molecular dynamics
Nucleic acids

description: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has become a powerful tool for characterizing at an atomic level of detail the conformational changes undergone by proteins. The application of such simulations to RNA structures, however, has proven more challenging, due in large part to the fact that the physical models (“force fields”) available for MD simulations of RNA molecules are substantially less accurate in many respects than those currently available for proteins. Here, we introduce an extensive revision of a widely used RNA force field in which the parameters have been modified, based on quantum mechanical calculations and existing experimental information, to more accurately reflect the fundamental forces that stabilize RNA structures. We evaluate these revised parameters through long-timescale MD simulations of a set of RNA molecules that covers a wide range of structural complexity, including single-stranded RNAs, RNA duplexes, RNA hairpins, and riboswitches. The structural and thermodynamic properties measured in these simulations exhibited dramatically improved agreement with experimentally determined values. Based on the comparisons we performed, this RNA force field appears to achieve a level of accuracy comparable to that of state-of-the-art protein force fields, thus significantly advancing the utility of MD simulation as a tool for elucidating the structural dynamics and function of RNA molecules and RNA-containing biological assemblies.
MOESM3 of A leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase gene SbER2â 1 from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) confers drought tolerance in maize
Creators: name: Li, Hanshuai
name: Han, Xiaodong
name: Liu, Xinxiang
name: Zhou, Miaoyi
name: Ren, Wen
name: Zhao, Bingbing
name: Ju, Chuanli
name: Liu, Ya
name: Zhao, Jiuran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. The sequence of primers related to PCR amplication
title: Antecedents and Consequences of MBA Program Rankings
Creators: name: Heggerud, Catherine Louise
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: ranking
subject: reputation
subject: Business Administration--Management

description: The impact of MBA program rankings on business schools has been profound and multifaceted, influencing the strategic actions of deans and shaping the perceptions of various stakeholders. This thesis investigates the antecedents and consequences of these rankings through a comprehensive analysis comprising a case study and an empirical study. The case study delves into how Canadian business school deans make sense of and respond to rankings, as the rankings have been institutionalized within the business school ecosystem, revealing the paradoxes they navigate in their strategic decision-making processes. Employing sensemaking and sensegiving frameworks, the study highlights how rankings have become entrenched, creating tensions between deans' identities as academics and administrators. The empirical study examines the drivers of full-time MBA program rankings using a corporate reputational model. By analyzing publicly available data, the study identifies factors such as in-region competition and product differentiation that are positively connected to a program’s ranking. This dual approach not only uncovers the internal and external pressures faced by business schools but also provides actionable insights for deans aiming to enhance their programs’ standings. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of how rankings affect higher education institutions and offer practical implications for strategic management in business schools. This research underscores the complexity of navigating rankings and highlights the need for continuous adaptation and balanced strategic actions to maintain and improve MBA program rankings. This research extends our understanding of rankings as a reputational construct, opens avenues for longitudinal or cross-program studies, and has the potential to shape higher education administrative practice.
Michaelis-Menten dynamics of a polymer chain out of a dichotomous ATP-based motor
Creators: name: Fiasconaro, Alessandro
name: Mazo, Juan José
name: Falo, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present a model of an ATP-fueled molecular machine which push a polymer through a pore channel. The machine acts between two levels (working-waiting), and the working one remains active for a fixed time giving a constant force. The machine activation rate can be put in relationship with the available ATP concentration in the solution, which gives the necessary energy supply. The translocation time shows a monotonic behavior as a function of the activation frequency and the velocity follows a Michaelis-Menten law that arises naturally in this description. The estimation of the stall force of the motor follows a corrected Michaelis-Menten law which still is to be checked in experimental investigation. The results presented agree with recent biological experimental findings.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Topics on the effect of non-differential exposure misclassification
Creators: name: Wang, Dongxu
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: There is quite an extensive literature on the deleterious impact of exposure misclassification when inferring exposure-disease associations, and on statistical methods to mitigate this impact. When the exposure is a continuous variable or a binary variable, a general mismeasurement phenomenon is attenuation in the strength of the relationship between exposure and outcome. However, few have investigated the effect of misclassification on a polychotomous variable. Using Bayesian methods, we investigate how misclassification affects the exposure-disease associations under different settings of classification matrix. Also, we apply a trend test and understand the effect of misclassification according to the power of the test. In addition, since virtually all of work on the impact of exposure misclassification presumes the simplest situation where both the true status and the classified status are binary, my work diverges from the norm, in considering classification into three categories when the actual exposure status is simply binary. Intuitively, the classification states might be labeled as `unlikely exposed', `maybe exposed', and `likely exposed'. While this situation has been discussed informally in the literature, we provide some theory concerning what can be learned about the exposure-disease relationship, under various assumptions about the classification scheme. We focus on the challenging situation whereby no validation data is available from which to infer classification probabilities, but some prior assertions about these probabilities might be justified.
Ocean convergence and the dispersion of flotsam
Creators: name: D’Asaro, Eric A.
name: Shcherbina, Andrey Y.
name: Klymak, Jody M.
name: Molemaker, Jeroen
name: Novelli, Guillaume
name: Guigand, Cédric M.
name: Haza, Angelique C.
name: Haus, Brian K.
name: Ryan, Edward H.
name: Jacobs, Gregg A.
name: Huntley, Helga S.
name: Laxague, Nathan J. M.
name: Chen, Shuyi
name: Judt, Falko
name: McWilliams, James C.
name: Barkan, Roy
name: Kirwan Jr., A. D.
name: Poje, Andrew C.
name: Özgökmen, Tamay M.
name: Columbia University. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ocean currents
Marine debris
Marine pollution--Mathematical models

description: Floating oil, plastics, and marine organisms are continually redistributed by ocean surface currents. Prediction of their resulting distribution on the surface is a fundamental, long-standing, and practically important problem. The dominant paradigm is dispersion within the dynamical context of a nondivergent flow: objects initially close together will on average spread apart but the area of surface patches of material does not change. Although this paradigm is likely valid at mesoscales, larger than 100 km in horizontal scale, recent theoretical studies of submesoscales (less than ∼10 km) predict strong surface convergences and downwelling associated with horizontal density fronts and cyclonic vortices. Here we show that such structures can dramatically concentrate floating material. More than half of an array of ∼200 surface drifters covering ∼20 × 20 km2 converged into a 60 × 60 m region within a week, a factor of more than 105 decrease in area, before slowly dispersing. As predicted, the convergence occurred at density fronts and with cyclonic vorticity. A zipperlike structure may play an important role. Cyclonic vorticity and vertical velocity reached 0.001 s−1 and 0.01 ms−1, respectively, which is much larger than usually inferred. This suggests a paradigm in which nearby objects form submesoscale clusters, and these clusters then spread apart. Together, these effects set both the overall extent and the finescale texture of a patch of floating material. Material concentrated at submesoscale convergences can create unique communities of organisms, amplify impacts of toxic material, and create opportunities to more efficiently recover such material.
title: Hydrogen dissociative adsorption on pipeline steels in high-pressure gaseous environments
Creators: name: Sun, Yinghao
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Hydrogen embrittlement
subject: Pipelines
subject: Density functional theory
subject: Materials Science

description: Hydrogen is acknowledged as a key player in energy transition and the pursuit of achieving the net-zero target. Pipeline can serve as an ideal transportation method for H2 due to its high efficiency, large capacity, and relatively low cost. However, H2 pipelines are facing the problem of Hydrogen Embrittlement (HE), which might cause catastrophic failure. However, due to the size limitation, only atomic H can enter the pipeline steel and lead into HE. Thus, research on atomic H generation on steel surface, i.e., dissociative adsorption, is essential to H2 pipelines application. Up to date, there have been limited investigations on hydrogen dissociative adsorption at irregularities on pipeline steel. In this work, hydrogen dissociative adsorption on steel crystalline plane is studied to verify the feasibility of simulation methodology. Models of typical irregularities on pipeline steel surface, i.e., grain boundary, dislocation, non-metallic inclusion are constructed. To the authors’ best knowledge, it is the first time to develop microstructure models considering surface effect. It is found that interior high angle grain boundary, edge dislocation core and the sites under tensile strain, Fe side of Al2O3 interface, are preferential sites for hydrogen adsorption. The bonding mechanism for hydrogen adsorption is determined to be orbital hybridization. Electrons will shift to adsorbed H atoms from nearby Fe atoms and Al/O atoms. Partition function is applied to indicate that high pressure and low temperature are favorable for hydrogen dissociative adsorption. Oxygen included gas impurities can inhibit hydrogen adsorption by competitive attraction of electrons, while CH4 can also slightly inhibit hydrogen dissociative adsorption. Based on literature review and conducted investigations, perspectives on atomic H generation and HE under gaseous environment, and inhibiting effect of certain impurity gases on hydrogen dissociative adsorption are provided.
Civil society in a non-Western setting : Mongolian civil society
Creators: name: Jargalsaikhan, Mendee
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Civil society development is one of the measures of the democratization process. Yet the examination of civil society is complicated due to varying understandings and approaches. This thesis suggests an analytical framework that enables us to investigate the existence of civil society space, its institutionalization, its actors, and the internalization of democratic values and norms. Using the framework advanced here, it examines Mongolian civil society, which is often described by scholars, politicians, and civil society practitioners as ‘vibrant’ and ‘strong’. The thesis concludes that while civil society space does exist in Mongolia, it is neither fully institutionalized nor respected by the state, by politicians, by business or by other actors. Moreover, democratic values and norms are not internalized because internalization is something that takes several generations to accomplish. The widespread reliance on informal networks undermines efforts to promote democratic values and norms as well as trust in democratic institutions. Mongolian civil society is therefore vulnerable.
Generalized matrix Ansatz in the multispecies exclusion process - partially asymmetric case
Creators: name: Arita, Chikashi
name: Ayyer, Arvind
name: Mallick, Kirone
name: Prolhac, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate one of the simplest multispecies generalization of the asymmetric simple exclusion process on a ring. This process has a rich combinatorial spectral structure and a matrix product form for the stationary state. In the totally asymmetric case operators that conjugate the dynamics of systems with different numbers of species were obtained by the authors and reported recently. The existence of such nontrivial operators was reformulated as a representation problem for a specific quadratic algebra (generalized matrix Ansatz). In the present work, we construct the family of representations explicitly for the partially asymmetric case. This solution cannot be obtained by a simple deformation of the totally asymmetric case.
title: Towards Reconfigurable Hardware for In-field Hardware Bug Patches
Creators: name: Dharavathu, Anudeep
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: FPGA
subject: RTL
subject: Security
subject: Hardware Patch
subject: CWE
subject: SoC
subject: eFPGA
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical
subject: Computer Science

description: System-on-chip (SoC) designs are becoming increasingly complex, and the ability to detect and address all possible bugs at design time is highly challenging. Thus, to improve the survivability of SoC designs, it is desirable to be able to patch newly discovered design bugs or potential vulnerabilities in the field. Recently, the idea of hardware-based patching, especially of hardware bugs, has emerged as a complementary approach to software/firmware-based post deployment updates. In anticipating potential problems, designers must invest an upfront cost to implement hardware-based patching infrastructures. My thesis investigates the feasibility of incorporating an embedded field-programmable gate array (eFPGA) fabric as an approach to enable hardware-based patching, i.e., reprogrammable hardware to patch hardware bugs, and explores the resource overhead costs for varying patching architectures. We also characterized different eFPGA configurations to help designers decide the eFPGA design parameters.
MOESM2 of Comprehensive Transcriptomic Analysis of Mouse Gonadal Development Involving Sexual Differentiation, Meiosis and Gametogenesis
Creators: name: Wang, Jian
name: Tian, Geng
name: Zheng, Zhuxia
name: Li, Bo
name: Xing, Qinghe
name: Wu, Ji
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Figure S2. Gene co-expression network of meiosis-related genes in the blue module. (PDF 478 kb)
Continual Model of Medium II: Universal adaptive algorithm for triangulation of smooth molecular surface
Creators: name: Kupervasser, Oleg
name: Wanner, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the given paper the algorithm describing original and universal principles of a triangulation of a smooth molecular surface: solvent excluding solvent (SES), received by primary and secondary rolling, and solvent accessible surface (SAS) is presented. These surfaces are a boundary between molecule and solvent. Originality of the given paper consists in creation of the universal and adaptive algorithm of a triangulation. Universality of algorithm of a triangulation consists that it is suitable for not only for a surface, received by rolling and consisting of fragments of torus and sphere, but for any smooth surface, including any level surface. Adaptability of this algorithm consists in facts that the mesh size of a triangulation can vary depending on its location; reflecting even small, but smooth features of a surface; preventing "jump" to close, but not neighbor sites of the surface, excepting "cut off" of narrow necks and channels. It is reached by either decreasing triangulation lattice step to value smaller than two principal radiuses of curvature of the molecular surface or decreasing triangulation lattice step close to the active centre - closed, but not neighbor sites of the surface. The received triangulated surface can be used for the demonstration purposes in molecular editors (the algorithm is applicable for a triangulation of any smooth surface, for example, level surfaces) together with for calculation of solvation energy and its gradients for continual models of solvent.
description: 37 pages,6 figures paper in English and in Russian
Efficiency at maximum power output of quantum heat engines under finite-time operation
Creators: name: Wang, Jianhui
name: He, Jizhou
name: Wu, Zhaoqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the efficiency at maximum power, $η_m$, of irreversible quantum Carnot engines (QCEs) that perform finite-time cycles between a hot and a cold reservoir at temperatures $T_h$ and $T_c$, respectively. For QCEs in the reversible limit (long cycle period, zero dissipation), $η_m$ becomes identical to Carnot efficiency $η_{_C}=1-\frac{T_c}{T_h}$. For QCE cycles in which nonadiabatic dissipation and time spent on two adiabats are included, the efficiency $η_m$ at maximum power output is bounded from above by $\frac{η_{_C}}{2-η_{_C}}$ and from below by $\frac{η_{_C}}2$. In the case of symmetric dissipation, the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency $η_{_{CA}}=1-\sqrt{\frac{T_c}{T_h}}$ is recovered under the condition that the time allocation between the adiabats and the contact time with the reservoir satisfy a certain relation.
description: to be published in Phys. Rev. E (2012)
title: Open-source isogeometric composite module with continuum degradation model
Creators: name: Shevtsov, Vadym
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Composite materials
subject: CDM
subject: IGA
subject: FRP
subject: Open-source
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: This thesis introduces an open-source module developed using the FEniCS platform for analyzing composite materials with varying properties across the computational domain and throughout the analysis. It incorporates the tIGAr library for Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) and PENGoLINS for multi-patch connectivity. The capability of the module to efficiently work with variable properties is demonstrated through the implemented Continuum Damage Model (CDM). Tests under various loading scenarios have shown that the implemented damage module enhances predictive accuracy. These tests also highlight unique platform challenges, such as mesh distortion and variable definition, and common issues in damage models, such as stress localization. These challenges have been partially addressed, laying the groundwork for future enhancements. The findings highlight the advantages of using open-source tools to develop advanced material models, paving the way for broader applications, the use of more complex geometries, and other types of analysis, importantly, Fluid-Structure Interactions (FSI).
Climate change and health: Moving from theory to practice
Creators: name: Patz, Jonathan A.
name: Thomson, Madeleine C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Climatic changes--Research
World health
Public health--Economic aspects
Climatic changes--Health aspects

description: This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), which has produced five comprehensive assessments for the world’s governments; a health chapter has featured in all but the first assessment report, along with climate change impacts on our atmosphere, oceans, and landscapes. Research on the health risks from climate change has grown substantially, with findings suggesting that the global health gains achieved over the past half century are being undermined by climate change [1]. Hazardous exposure pathways are many, from heat waves and air pollution episodes to infectious diseases, malnutrition, forced migration, and conflict [2]. Impacts are experienced differently within segments of the population and between geographic locations based on biological, social, and economic vulnerabilities as well as the nature of the climate hazard.
Screening for developmental disabilities in HIV positive and HIV negative children in South Africa: Results from the Asenze Study
Creators: name: Knox, Justin R.
name: Arpadi, Stephen M.
name: Kauchali, Shuaib
name: Craib, Murray
name: Kvalsvig, Jane D.
name: Taylor, Myra
name: Bah, Fatimatou
name: Mellins, Claude
name: Davidson, Leslie L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Developmental disabilities--Diagnosis
South Africans
Child development--Evaluation
HIV-positive children
Developmentally disabled children

description: Background
While neurodevelopmental abnormalities are common in children with HIV infection, their detection can be challenging in settings with limited availability of health professionals. The aim of this study was to assess the ability to identify developmental disability among HIV positive and HIV negative children living in South Africa with an internationally used screen.

Methods and findings
This analysis uses a sample of 1,330 4–6 year old children and 1,231 of their caregivers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, including administration of the Ten Questions (TQ) screen, a standardized medical history and physical examination conducted by a medical doctor, with hearing and vision screening, psychological assessment for cognition and language delay, and voluntary HIV testing. There was a high prevalence of disability among the sample. Compared to HIV negative children, HIV positive children were more likely to screen positive on at least one TQ item (59.3 vs 42.8%, p = 0.01), be delayed in sitting, standing or walking (OR 3.89, 95% CI = 2.1–7.2) and have difficulty walking or weakness in the arms or legs (OR = 2.7, 95%CI = 0.8–9.37). By medical doctor assessment, HIV positive children were more likely to be diagnosed with gross motor disability (OR = 3.5, 95%CI = 1.3–9.2) and hearing disability (OR = 2.5, 95%CI = 1.2–5.3). By independent psychological assessment, HIV positive children were more likely to have cognitive delay (OR = 2.2, 95%CI = 1.2–3.9) and language delay (OR = 4.3, 95%CI = 2.2–8.4). Among HIV positive children, the sensitivity and specificity of the TQ for serious disability (vs. no disability) was 100% and 51.2%, respectively. Among HIV-negative children, the sensitivity and specificity of the TQ for serious disability (vs. no disability) was 90.2% and 63.9%, respectively.

Conclusions
In this first report of the use of the TQ screen in the isiZulu language, it was found to have high sensitivity for detecting serious developmental disabilities in children, especially HIV positive children. The performance of the TQ in this sample indicates utility for making best use of limited neurodevelopmental resources by screening HIV positive children.
Interaction-mediated surface state instability in disordered three-dimensional topological superconductors with spin SU(2) symmetry
Creators: name: Foster, Matthew S.
name: Yuzbashyan, Emil A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that arbitrarily weak interparticle interactions destabilize the surface states of 3D topological superconductors with spin SU(2) invariance (symmetry class CI), in the presence of non-magnetic disorder. The conduit for the instability is disorder-induced wavefunction multifractality. We argue that time-reversal symmetry breaks spontaneously at the surface, so that topologically-protected states do not exist for this class. The interaction-stabilized surface phase is expected to exhibit ferromagnetic order, or to reside in an insulating plateau of the spin quantum Hall effect.
description: v2: 5+3 pages, 1 figure; expanded introduction, added background on topological superconductors and multifractality, technical details relegated to sup info (published version)
title: Relationship between behavioral output and internal dynamics in biological and recurrent neural networks
Creators: name: Rabus, Anja
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: recurrent neural networks
subject: neuroscience
subject: Physics

description: An organism controls its state in the environment through behavior; behavior, in turn, influences neuronal dynamics through feedback to the brain. Despite this apparent connection of behavior and neuronal activity, the exact nature of the relationship between neuronal population dynamics and behavioral dynamics remains unresolved. Establishing such a relationship is inherently difficult with traditional neuroscience approaches as the diverse ranges of behaviors and neuronal activation patterns emerging due to non-linear interactions, recurrences, and feedback loops cannot be explained from the function of individual network components. In contrast, treating the network and its inputs as a single integrated complex system can reveal relationships between emergent phenomena at different organizational scales, such as between neuronal population dynamics and behavioral dynamics. However, complex network studies often focus on either internal processes or behavioral outcomes and few explore the (statistical) relationship between them. This thesis approaches the relationship between internal neuronal dynamics and behavioral output dynamics from a complex systems perspective and explores the possible connection of this relationship to the critical brain hypothesis, which proposes that the brain is tuned to a critical state which optimizes its information processing capabilities. The analysis of neuronal dynamics, behavioral output, and changes in network connectivity in two example systems—a biological and an artificial recurrent neural network—revealed that changes in functional and structural connectivity at the level of individual connections may or may not occur alongside changes in behavioral dynamics, while signatures of criticality in the internal dynamics remain robust to such changes. Specifically, neuronal avalanche size distributions in both the retrosplenial cortex of mice and in the recurrent neural network were robust to changes in connectivity; in the artificial network, this robustness occurred despite alterations in behavioral dynamics, whereas in the mice, behavioral statistics remained invariant to connectivity changes. The findings suggest that the relationship between neural activity and behavior is not one-to-one or trivial in complex networks. Uncovering the mechanisms underlying these findings remains a challenge for the future.
MOESM4 of A leucine-rich repeat-receptor-like kinase gene SbER2–1 from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) confers drought tolerance in maize
Creators: name: Li, Hanshuai
name: Han, Xiaodong
name: Liu, Xinxiang
name: Zhou, Miaoyi
name: Ren, Wen
name: Zhao, Bingbing
name: Ju, Chuanli
name: Liu, Ya
name: Zhao, Jiuran
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. The qRT-PCR primers of SbER1–1, SbER2–1 and alpha-tubulin
title: Vibrotactile Rendering of Sliders in Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Larsen-Rosner, Desmond
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: haptics
subject: sensory subtraction
subject: sliders
subject: physical input devices
subject: vibrotactile
subject: human computer interaction
subject: Computer Science

description: Our sense of touch is foundational to our perception of the world. At the same time, it is the product of a plurality of sensory receptors and several physiological processes. A simplification of this multiplicity is reflected in two approaches to haptic simulation: vibrotactile and kinesthetic feedback. This thesis examines the potential of using a reduced dimension of touch to simulate physical interactions in virtual reality. We hypothesize that rendering only the vibrotactile component of an interaction will still produce a recognizable touch sensation, analogous to how one can recognize the subject of a black-and-white image despite the absence of complete visual information. This approach may not be suitable for all touch sensations, as some experiences might emphasize one perceptual mechanism or another. We explore an application that is well-suited for this approach: the simulation of sliders. Sliders are used in many settings; one example is audio equipment, where their tactility is of particular interest. We adapt an existing multi-modal haptic technique for simulating buttons to a vibrotactile-only technique for simulating sliders. As part of this, we compare the physical properties of these devices. To do so, we design, construct, and operate a probe for recording the force-displacement profile of sliders. We explore the efficacy of this simulation technique via a small-scale user study. We use a mixed-method approach to address two research questions: “Does this technique improve task performance for a selection task?” and “Does it produce a realistic sensation?” The results of the user study indicate a nuanced interplay of several effects but roughly suggest that the feedback does increase the perception of realism, although there is no notable improvement in performance for a simple selection task. A manual haptic device that engages every dimension of touch has yet to be created, through taking a reduced modality approach to rendering haptic interactions could allow rich experiences using existing hardware. This thesis explores the intricacies of following this approach by implementing a vibrotactile simulation of sliders in virtual reality.
title: Quantifying lonospheric Electron Density Enhancements and their Impact on High Frequency Radio Wave Propagation
Creators: name: Ghaly, Filobateer
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ionosphere
subject: Absorption
subject: Radiowave Propagation
subject: Electron Density
subject: D-region
subject: Atmospheric Science

description: This thesis presents two related projects that investigate the impact of space weather on radio signals. The first project examines a new, prototype riometer, the Space Weather Adaptive Network (SWAN) Hyper Spectral Riometer (HSR), which can measure both terrestrial radio signals and Cosmic Noise Absorption (CNA). The simultaneous loss of both signals in the data can be used to estimate the size of electron density enhancements in the D-region. The second project investigates the use of existing riometers and a High Frequency (HF) transmitter--receiver circuit to predict radio signal fadeout during space weather events. By analyzing riometer absorption data, this project aims to establish thresholds that can be used for nowcasting radio disruptions. The project will quantify the probability of fadeout at different frequencies based on riometer absorption levels and examine the influence the position of the riometer has on its ability to nowcast. These projects aim to improve our understanding of how space weather affects radio signals and will ultimately help in the mitigation and reliability of HF communication and navigation systems.
Physiological benefits of volunteering among young adults and adolescents
Creators: name: Schreier, Hannah Milena Caroline
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Helping others has been linked to improved well-being in previous research. However, most studies have been observational, have focused only on psychosocial outcomes, and have investigated these relationships primarily among the elderly. The present studies built on previous research by extending the focus on helping others to adolescents and young adults, by investigating physiological outcomes, and most importantly, by using an experimental design, randomly assigning participants to engage in formal or informal volunteering. All outcome variables were assessed prior to intervention and again post-intervention. Specifically, the first study examined the effect of a four week intervention in which primarily low socioeconomic status university students were randomly assigned to engage in either regular family helping behaviors (informal volunteering) or neutral activities. Following the intervention, participants in the intervention condition showed marginally steeper daily cortisol slopes (F(1, 34) = 3.057, p = .09), but no psychosocial variables explained the relationship between informal volunteering and cortisol slope among those assigned to the intervention condition. The second study investigated the impact of formal volunteering in a public school context, randomly assigning grade 10 students predominantly from low socioeconomic groups to either two months of volunteering in after school programs with elementary school children or to a wait-list control group. Following the intervention, students in the intervention condition had significantly lower body mass index (F(1, 87) = 5.844, p = .02), lower cholesterol (F(1, 83) = 3.824, p = .05), and marginally lower levels of C-reactive protein (F(1, 82) = 2.809, p = .10) and Interleukin-6 (F(1, 82) = 3.352, p = .07). With the exception of body mass index, various intra-individual and interpersonal variables connecting formal volunteering to improved physiological outcomes were identified. Implications of these findings, together with suggestions for applying the study findings and directions for future research, are discussed.
On the Polish doughnut accretion disk via the effective potential approach
Creators: name: Pugliese, D.
name: Montani, G.
name: Bernardini, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the Polish doughnut model of accretion disks providing a comprehensive analytical description of the Polish doughnut structure. We describe a perfect fluid circularly orbiting around a Schwarzschild black hole, source of the gravitational field, by the effective potential approach for the exact gravitational and centrifugal effects. This analysis leads to a detailed, analytical description of the accretion disk, its toroidal surface, the thickness, the distance from the source. We determine the variation of these features with the effective potential and the fluid angular momentum. Many analytical formulas are given. In particular it turns out that the distance from the source of the inner surface of the torus increases with increasing fluid angular momentum but decreases with increasing energy function defined as the value of the effective potential for that momentum. The location of torus maximum thickness moves towards the external regions of the surface with increasing angular momentum, until it reaches a maximum an then decreases. Assuming a polytropic equation of state we investigate some specific cases.
description: 33 pages, 28 figures, 1 table. This is a revised version to meet the published article
Efficient 2D Graph SLAM for Sparse Sensing
Creators: name: Zhou, Hanzhi
name: Hu, Zichao
name: Liu, Sihang
name: Khan, Samira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) plays a vital role in mapping unknown spaces and aiding autonomous navigation. Virtually all state-of-the-art solutions today for 2D SLAM are designed for dense and accurate sensors such as laser range-finders (LiDARs). However, these sensors are not suitable for resource-limited nano robots, which become increasingly capable and ubiquitous nowadays, and these robots tend to mount economical and low-power sensors that can only provide sparse and noisy measurements. This introduces a challenging problem called SLAM with sparse sensing. This work addresses the problem by adopting the form of the state-of-the-art graph-based SLAM pipeline with a novel frontend and an improvement for loop closing in the backend, both of which are designed to work with sparse and uncertain range data. Experiments show that the maps constructed by our algorithm have superior quality compared to prior works on sparse sensing. Furthermore, our method is capable of running in real-time on a modern PC with an average processing time of 1/100th the input interval time.
description: Accepted for 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)
title: An Experimental Investigation of Ejector Ramjet Performance at Static Conditions
Creators: name: Long, Lisa
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ejector Ramjet
subject: Aerospace Propulsion
subject: Combustion
subject: Experiment
subject: Engineering--Aerospace
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: The performance of a methane-fueled ejector ramjet (ERJ) equipped with the Atlantis Intake System (AIS) was tested at static conditions. For static tests with no forward velocity, the AIS ERJ successfully entrained and mixed the stagnant surrounding air to create a stoichiometric mixture of 17.2 when the Mach 2 primary jet’s total pressure was 625 ± 25 kPa. Combustion was most stable when the air-fuel mixture was lean. The maximum positive thrust and specific impulse were 22 ± 3 and 189 ± 33 s, respectively, when the primary jet total pressure was 400 kPa. Engine performance was compared to a 1D Ejector Ramjet (1D-ERAM) solver and showed good agreement with a 95% confidence interval during combustion. The solver did not accurately predict the combustion limits of the engine. Additional tests were performed with a nitrogen-diluted fuel jet, which extended the range of conditions for which the ERJ could sustain combustion. The engine demonstrated increased thrust when the primary jet’s total pressure was increased. The inverse Damkohler number was investigated as a tool for predicting engine blowout and provided improved resolution of the engine’s combustion limits, which could be applied to the 1D-ERAM solver
Designing a norepinephrine optical tracer for imaging individual noradrenergic synapses and their activity in vivo
Creators: name: Dunn, Matthew R.
name: Henke, Adam
name: Clark, Samuel
name: Kovalyova, Yekaterina
name: Kempadoo, Kimberly
name: Karpowicz, Richard
name: Kandel, Eric
name: Sulzer, David L.
name: Sames, Dalibor
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Noradrenaline
Synapses
Nervous system--Imaging
Neurology--Research

description: Norepinephrine is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide repertoire of physiological roles in the peripheral and central nervous systems. There are, however, no experimental means to study functional properties of individual noradrenergic synapses in the brain. Development of new approaches for imaging synaptic neurotransmission is of fundamental importance to study specific synaptic changes that occur during learning, behavior, and pathological processes. Here, we introduce fluorescent false neurotransmitter 270 (FFN270), a fluorescent tracer of norepinephrine. As a fluorescent substrate of the norepinephrine and vesicular monoamine transporters, FFN270 labels noradrenergic neurons and their synaptic vesicles, and enables imaging synaptic vesicle content release from specific axonal sites in living rodents. Combining FFN270 imaging and optogenetic stimulation, we find heterogeneous release properties of noradrenergic synapses in the somatosensory cortex, including low and high releasing populations. Through systemic amphetamine administration, we observe rapid release of cortical noradrenergic vesicular content, providing insight into the drug’s effect.
Bulk Universality of General $β$-Ensembles with Non-convex Potential
Creators: name: Bourgade, Paul
name: Erdos, Laszlo
name: Yau, Horng-Tzer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 15B52, 82B44

description: We prove the bulk universality of the $β$-ensembles with non-convex regular analytic potentials for any $β>0$. This removes the convexity assumption appeared in our earlier work. The convexity condition enabled us to use the logarithmic Sobolev inequality to estimate events with small probability. The new idea is to introduce a "convexified measure" so that the local statistics are preserved under this convexification.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1104.2272
title: Index-Calculus Algorithms for Computing Class Groups of Quartic Number Fields
Creators: name: Marquis, David
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: computation
subject: algorithm
subject: number theory
subject: algebraic number theory
subject: class group
subject: number field
subject: index-calculus
subject: performance
subject: Information Science
subject: Education--Mathematics
subject: Computer Science

description: We address the problem of quickly computing the class group and unit group for quartic number fields of large discriminant. Index-calculus algorithms are the fastest way to solve this problem for arbitrary number fields. Our focus is primarily on improvements to relation generation, one of the main stages in an index-calculus algorithm. In the quadratic case, the self-initialization approach to relation generation developed by Jacobson has been very successful, but applying this idea to quartic fields has not been attempted. We present a novel generalization of this approach that is applicable to quartic number fields. Additionally, we characterize the efficiency of our method in terms of the size of the roots of the field’s defining polynomial. We discuss our implementation of a complete index-calculus algorithm using this approach. Our implementation's relation generation produces relations significantly faster than the current state-of-the-art, Magma. Our implementation of the complete algorithm, including the improved relation generation, is faster than Magma for number fields whose defining polynomial has small roots, and is comparable for typical number fields.
Supplementary document for Meter scale and sub-second resolution coherent Doppler wind lidar and hyperfine wind observation - 5879228.pdf
Creators: name: Liang, Chen
name: Wang, Chong
name: Xue, Xianghui
name: Dou, Xiankang
name: Chen, Tingdi
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric Sciences
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplemental Document