cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measurement, Formation, and Control of Bromate in Ozonated Waters
Creators: name: Harrington, Lori J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1994

description: This work examined bromate formation in a bench-scale continuous-flow ozonation system by varying water quality parameters such as bromide ion concentration, pH, total organic carbon (TOC) concentration, and total inorganic carbon (TIC) concentration. Experiments were performed at several different ozone doses. Bromate concentrations were analyzed using the direct injection IC method and the pre-concentration technique. Bromate was quantified at concentrations as low as 1 μg/l. Additionally, an attempt was made to distinguish whether bromate formation is controlled by mass transfer rates or by relative reaction rates.
PageRank in undirected random graphs
Creators: name: Avrachenkov, Konstantin
name: Kadavankandy, Arun
name: Ostroumova, Liudmila
name: Raigorodskii, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PageRank has numerous applications in information retrieval, reputation systems, machine learning, and graph partitioning.In this paper, we study PageRank in undirected random graphs with expansion property. The Chung-Lu random graph representsan example of such graphs. We show that in the limit, as the size of the graph goes to infinity, PageRank can be represented by a mixture of the restart distribution and the vertex degree distribution.
Survey of Infectious Waste Management Practices in Selected Acute Care Hospitals in the United States
Creators: name: Odette, Robert L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1988

description: In July 1987, 39% (200/519) of a survey of acute care hospitals throughout the United States responded to a comprehensive solid (infectious) waste questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to identify infectious waste handling, treatment, and disposal practices in U.S. acute care hospitals. Survey responses were received from forty-three of the fifty states. Most hospitals (71%) have a written comprehensive hazardous waste management plan (includes infectious waste, low level radioactive waste hazardous chemicals, and cytotoxic waste). Only (38%) of the hospitals reported they have an EPA hazardous waste identification number. Most hospitals (90%+) consider microbiological; human blood and blood products; pathological; and sharps (e.g., needles, scalpel blades) as infectious waste. This is consistent with the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommendation. Furthermore, most hospitals (79%) are in compliance with the CDC recommended treatment methods for these types of infectious waste. EPA recommends that microbiological; blood and blood products; communicable disease isolation; pathological; contaminated sharps; and contaminated animal carcasses and body parts be designated as infectious waste. Furthermore, EPA has identified optional infectious waste categories as waste from surgery and autopsy; miscellaneous laboratory waste; dialysis unit waste; and contaminated equipment. For all the waste categories except contaminated equipment, most hospitals (80%+) considered these waste as infectious waste. However, only (26%) of the hospitals were in compliance with the EPA recommended treatment practices for all infectious waste categories. For the EPA infectious (less optional) waste categories 52% of the hospitals were in compliance with EPA recommended treatment methods. It is hoped this information will be useful to regulators, decision makers, hospital administrators, and others as the debate on regulating infectious waste continues.
Additional file 1 of Comparison between imidacloprid effects on AChE and nAChRα1 in target Aphis craccivora and non-target Apis mellifera: experimental and theoretical approaches
Creators: name: Ali, Hussein M.
name: Abdel-Aty, Basma
name: El-Sayed, Walaa
name: Mariy, Faiza M.
name: Hegazy, Gamal M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Zoology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1
A Predictive Analytic Model for the Solar Modulation of Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Cholis, Ilias
name: Hooper, Dan
name: Linden, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important factor limiting our ability to understand the production and propagation of cosmic rays pertains to the effects of heliospheric forces, commonly known as solar modulation. The solar wind is capable of generating time and charge-dependent effects on the spectrum and intensity of low energy ($\lsim$ 10 GeV) cosmic rays reaching Earth. Previous analytic treatments of solar modulation have utilized the force-field approximation, in which a simple potential is adopted whose amplitude is selected to best fit the cosmic-ray data taken over a given period of time. Making use of recently available cosmic-ray data from the Voyager 1 spacecraft, along with measurements of the heliospheric magnetic field and solar wind, we construct a time, charge and rigidity-dependent model of solar modulation that can be directly compared to data from a variety of cosmic-ray experiments. We provide a simple analytic formula that can be easily utilized in a variety of applications, allowing us to better predict the effects of solar modulation and reduce the number of free parameters involved in cosmic ray propagation models.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures and 2 tables, changes in v2: in agreement with PRD published version, small revisions in text, results and conclusions unchanged, changes in v3: fixed typo with regards to Eqs. 2 & 12 and extended Table II to include data up to 2016
title: False negative asssessment in the Irish breast screening programme - a single centre 10 year retrospective review.
Creators: name: O'Brien, Angela
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Audit and standards
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: A false negative assessment (FNA) occurs when a patient develops a cancer at a site that has previously undergone assessment for a screen-detected abnormality. False negative assessments rates are low with reported frequencies ranging from 0.59% to...
The Multilayer Nature of Ecological Networks
Creators: name: Pilosof, Shai
name: Porter, Mason A.
name: Pascual, Mercedes
name: Kéfi, Sonia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although networks provide a powerful approach to study a large variety of ecological systems, their formulation does not typically account for multiple interaction types, interactions that vary in space and time, and interconnected systems such as networks of networks. The emergent field of `multilayer networks' provides a natural framework for extending analyses of ecological systems to include such multiple layers of complexity, as it specifically allows one to differentiate and model `intralayer' and `interlayer' connectivity. The framework provides a set of concepts and tools that can be adapted and applied to ecology, facilitating research on high-dimensional, heterogeneous systems in nature. Here, we formally define ecological multilayer networks based on a review of previous and related approaches, illustrate their application and potential with analyses of existing data, and discuss limitations, challenges, and future applications. The integration of multilayer network theory into ecology offers largely untapped potential to further address ecological complexity, to ultimately provide new theoretical and empirical insights into the architecture and dynamics of ecological systems.
description: A revised version
title: Bone loss in HIV infected patients: the role of an early Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) analysis to prevent osteoporosis-related fractures.
Creators: name: Cristiano, Lara
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Bones
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: Screening
subject: Outcomes analysis
subject: AIDS
subject: Osteoporosis
subject: Epidemiology

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has transformed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection into a chronic disease, thus osteoporosis is likely to become an important cause of morbidity and mortality as the HIV-infected...
title: Contrast-enhanced CT in pelvic trauma: correlation between fractures classification and associated lesions.
Creators: name: Bartoloni, Alessandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Pelvis
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Complications
subject: Structured reporting
subject: Trauma
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Analyze pelvic fractures classification and contrast-enhanced CT findings that may help the Emergency Radiologist in suspecting associated lesions. We report a review of literature and our own cases examples of pelvic fracturesrelated to the...
Relationships Between the Occurrence and Concentrations of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Fecal Indicator Microbes in Waters from Tributaries of the Kensico Reservoir
Creators: name: Hayes, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: As much as 96% of the surface waters in the US are contaminated by the protozoan parasites Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia. Both of these organisms have low infectious doses and form (oo)cysts that are resistant to chlorine-based disinfection processes. Unfiltered drinking water systems, such as those of New York City, rely on chlorination processes as a primary method of ensuring consumer safety and are therefore especially concerned with Cryptosporidium and Giardia. This study was undertaken to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in New York City's Kensico Reservoir and the correlation of these protozoan parasites with fecal indicator microbes and various physicochemical water quality measures. During storm events, significant (α = 0.05) Spearman rank correlations were found between Giardia concentrations and those of thermotolerant coliforms, enterococci, Clostridium perfringens spores, somatic coliphages, particles, turbidity, and total organic carbon. Cryptosporidium was significantly correlated with Giardia and temperature, but only during wet weather events. Within individual storm events, rising hydrographic limbs accounted for disproportionately high E. coli and TOC loadings when compared with peak and falling limbs on the basis of stream volume fraction, providing some evidence for a "first flush" for these variables. Water samples taken at the peak of each storm collectively represented 36% of total stream volume during this study, but accounted for approximately 60% of FIB and particle loading. These results indicate that wet weather events, and particularly the peak stages, should be priorities in reducing the water quality impacts of FIB and protozoan parasites. Enterococci may be a suitable microbial surrogate for Giardia in Kensico tributaries during both dry and wet weather periods.
SUSTAIN T2DM: Supporting people with type 2 diabetes to sustain self-management behaviours
Creators: name: Carvalho, Márcia
name: Dunne, Pauline
name: Kwasnicka, Dominika
name: Byrne, Molly
name: Mc Sharry, Jenny
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Health Behaviour Change Maintenance

description: Self-management support interventions for type 2 diabetes can help improve outcomes for people with Type 2 diabetes. However, difficulties in sustaining self-management behaviours attenuate long-term impact, with long term studies showing that people tend to experience a decline in glycaemic control over time, particularly from 6 months to a year post-intervention. Research has suggested that this decline might be due to the characteristics of current interventions, which tend to overlook the development of skills necessary to adapt behaviours to the different demands of the condition and everyday life, and that follow-up support might be needed to prevent a decline in glycaemic control. Nevertheless, little is known about why people struggle to maintain self-management behaviours and how can interventions better support them to maintain effective type 2 diabetes self-management in the long term. This research aims to address this gap by combining international evidence with stakeholder expertise using a behavioural science approach.
Word Embedding based Correlation Model for Question/Answer Matching
Creators: name: Shen, Yikang
name: Rong, Wenge
name: Jiang, Nan
name: Peng, Baolin
name: Tang, Jie
name: Xiong, Zhang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the development of community based question answering (Q&A) services, a large scale of Q&A archives have been accumulated and are an important information and knowledge resource on the web. Question and answer matching has been attached much importance to for its ability to reuse knowledge stored in these systems: it can be useful in enhancing user experience with recurrent questions. In this paper, we try to improve the matching accuracy by overcoming the lexical gap between question and answer pairs. A Word Embedding based Correlation (WEC) model is proposed by integrating advantages of both the translation model and word embedding, given a random pair of words, WEC can score their co-occurrence probability in Q&A pairs and it can also leverage the continuity and smoothness of continuous space word representation to deal with new pairs of words that are rare in the training parallel text. An experimental study on Yahoo! Answers dataset and Baidu Zhidao dataset shows this new method's promising potential.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
title: Staatsbürger*innenschaft und Migration
Creators: name: Kaltak, Alen
Year: 2022

description: Das Thema der Staatsbürger*innenschaft steht immer wieder im Mittelpunkt wissenschaftlicher Debatten und löst emotionale politische Diskussionen aus, gerade dann, wenn es dabei um den Zugang für Migrant*innen geht. Die vorliegende Masterarbeit gibt basierend auf einem Systematic Literature Review zuerst einen Überblick über den Wandel der Konzeptualisierung von Staatsbürger*innenschaft, von ihren Ursprüngen in der athenischen Demokratie und der römischen Republik, über den Übergang von der vormodernen zur modernen Staatsbürger*innenschaft, bis hin zu neueren Konzepten postnationaler und transnationaler Bürger*innenschaften, welche versuchen die staatlichen Grenzen zu überwinden und globale Migrationsprozesse zu berücksichtigen. Die Grundlage dieser Arbeit stellt dann das klassische Citizenship-Konzept dar, welches vom britischen Soziologen Thomas Humphrey Marshall (1893-1981) in „Citizenship and Social Class“ dargelegt wurde. Marshall (1950) ging davon aus, dass die Durchsetzung der Trias staatsbürgerlicher Rechte, welche sich aus zivilen, politischen und sozialen Rechten zusammensetzt, zur gesellschaftlichen Integration aller Staatsbürger*innen innerhalb eines Nationalstaates führen. Es stellt sich die Frage, ob und inwieweit Marshalls Citizenship-Konzept auch im globalen Zeitalter, welches von Migration, Transnationalisierung und Multikulturalismus geprägt ist, anwendbar ist und wie es aus der heutigen Sicht in der Literatur diskutiert wird. Weiters geht es darum, wie sich die Citizenship-Konzepte seit Marshall (1950) unter der Berücksichtigung von Migrant*innen gewandelt haben. Danach werden die Staatsbürger*innenschaftsmodelle in Österreich und Großbritannien verglichen, wobei der Frage nachgegangen wurde, welche Inklusionen und Exklusionen es beim Zugang zu staatsbürgerlichen Rechten für Migrant*innen in beiden Staaten im Vergleich gibt. Am Ende der Arbeit wird mithilfe des Migrant Integration Policy Index (MIPEX) analysiert, wie restriktiv das österreichische Staatsbürger*innenschaftsmodell im Vergleich, zu dem in Großbritannien sowie im EU-Schnitt ist. Hierzu werden die Indikatoren „Zugang zur Staatsbürgerschaft“ und „Möglichkeit politischer Partizipation“ und die dazugehörigen Sub-Indikatoren herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse werden dann in selbsterstellten Abbildungen bzw. Tabellen dargestellt und interpretiert. Abschließend werden die Stärken und Schwächen des MIPEX diskutiert und die Methodik des Index kritisch hinterfragt.
State and Federal Regulation of Hazardous Materials Transportation: A Review of Current Programs and Recommendations for State Governments
Creators: name: Jung, Leah Burnett
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: This report describes national problems associated with highway shipments of hazardous materials and hazardous wastes, evaluates the federal role in regulating these shipments, and identifies regulatory and enforcement methods which may be used by state officials to improve the safety of shipments moving through their state. Limitations in the federal regulations and enforcement practices are outlined, and current state regulations and enforcement activities are reviewed. Legal restraints on state regulatory programs are then examined, particularly in regards to the U.S. Department of Transportation's preemptive powers. A description of feasible options for regulating hazardous chemical shipments follows. These options include the permitting and registration of hazardous materials and hazardous waste transporters, the use of computerized data management systems for managing transporter information, and the coordination of regulatory and enforcement activities with intrastate and interstate agencies. Other recommended actions are the establishment of driver training and certification programs, the designation of hazardous chemical routes, and the assessment of stiff penalties to violators of the transportation regulations.
title: Mammographic Density Estimation by Volpara software: Comparison with Radiologists’ visual assessment and relationship with BI-RADS category
Creators: name: Han Na, Lee
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quality assurance
subject: Computer Applications-General
subject: Mammography
subject: Breast

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Introduction Breast density in mammography depends on the relative amounts of fibroglandular and fatty tissues.Breast density in mammography is defined bythe percentage of total breast area occupied by dense fibroglandular tissue. Several factors...
title: Extrapulmonary Manifestations of Tuberculosis: A Radiologic Review
Creators: name: Isern, Jaime
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Tropical diseases
subject: Education and training
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Head and neck
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Identify and describe the radiologic findings in tuberculosis affecting the central nervous, musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and lymphatic...
Trockenheitsangepasste Beweidung: Ein Praxisleitfaden für Mob Grazing
Creators: name: Zahn, Nils Holger
name: Franke, Sassa
name: Röwekamp, Josefin
name: Beck, Antonia
name: Hener, Ruven
name: Schleip, Inga
Publisher: name: Klimapraxis
Year: 2024
Subjects: mob grazing

description: Klimawandel, häufigere Dürren und abnehmende Bodenfruchtbarkeit werden zum Problem für die Landwirtschaft. In der Mutterkuhhaltung werden Überweidung und Mangel an Futter von eigenen Flächen immer öfter zur Herausforderung. Mob Grazing kann für das Weidemanagement insbesondere in trockenheitsgefährdeten Regionen eine Alternative zur üblichen Umtriebsweide bieten. Typisch für das innovative Beweidungsverfahren sind ein hoher Aufwuchs des Pflanzenbestandes und eine hohe Tierbesatzdichte während der Beweidung mit einer Dauer von weniger als 24 Stunden sowie ein vergleichsweise großer Weiderest von mehr als 50 Prozent des Pflanzenbestandes. Niedergetretene Pflanzenreste sollen eine schützende Mulchschicht bilden für mehr Bodenfeuchtigkeit und Humus.

Unter welchen klimatischen und standörtlichen Bedingungen bietet Mob Grazing Vorteile gegenüber herkömmlichen Weideverfahren? Und wie kann es praktisch umgesetzt werden? Dieser Leitfaden will Betrieben dazu eine praktische Entscheidungshilfe an die Hand geben und ist das Ergebnis unseres EIP-Projekts „Mob Grazing im Ackerfutterbau –betriebswirtschaftliche und ökologische Bewertung eines neuen Beweidungsverfahrens“ (www.mob-grazing.de) mit einer Laufzeit von August 2021 bis Ende 2024. Zudem fließen Ergebnisse des DBU-geförderten Projekts „Mob Grazing im Dauergrünland“ an der Hochschule für nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde ein.
Calculating Luminosity Distance versus Redshift in FLRW Cosmology via Homotopy Perturbation Method
Creators: name: Shchigolev, V. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an efficient analytical method for estimating the luminosity distance in a homogenous Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) model of the Universe. This method is based on the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), which has high accuracy in many nonlinear problems, and can be easily implemented. For analytical calculation of the luminosity distance, we offer to proceed not from the computation of the integral, which determines it, but from the solution of a certain differential equation with corresponding initial conditions. Solving this equation by means of HPM, we obtain the approximate analytical expressions for the luminosity distance as a function of redshift for two different types of homotopy. Possible extension of this method to other cosmological models is also discussed.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure. Submitted for publication in "Gravitation and Cosmology"
The Evaluation of Various Control Methods For The Solvent Exposures of 2-Ethoxyethanol in The Production of Foam Pad Packaging
Creators: name: Strait, Daniel Guy
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: Workers in a foam pad packaging area were exposed to vapors of 2-ethoxyethanol, above the TLV of 5.0 ppm. This study investigated the methods to reduce this exposure through administrative and engineering controls. Sampling was done using charcoal tube and passive dosimeters. Administrative controls reduced exposures typically by 70% or more. Some areas required local ventilation to maintain exposures less than 5.0 ppm. The methods used accomplished these goals without great cost or affecting the plant production. Key words: 2-ethoxyethanol, engineering control, administrative control, packaging
title: Possibility of color doppler in predicting of steroid therapy efficiency in patients with adenomyosis
Creators: name: Pomortsev, Alexey
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Outcomes
subject: Efficacy studies
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: To investigate bloodflow changes in myometrium during steroid therapy of...
Second-Generation Curvelets on the Sphere
Creators: name: Chan, Jennifer Y. H.
name: Leistedt, Boris
name: Kitching, Thomas D.
name: McEwen, Jason D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Curvelets are efficient to represent highly anisotropic signal content, such as a local linear and curvilinear structure. First-generation curvelets on the sphere, however, suffered from blocking artefacts. We present a new second-generation curvelet transform, where scale-discretised curvelets are constructed directly on the sphere. Scale-discretised curvelets exhibit a parabolic scaling relation, are well-localised in both spatial and harmonic domains, support the exact analysis and synthesis of both scalar and spin signals, and are free of blocking artefacts. We present fast algorithms to compute the exact curvelet transform, reducing computational complexity from $\mathcal{O}(L^5)$ to $\mathcal{O}(L^3\log_{2}{L})$ for signals band-limited at $L$. The implementation of these algorithms is made publicly available. Finally, we present an illustrative application demonstrating the effectiveness of curvelets for representing directional curve-like features in natural spherical images.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, Code available at http://astro-informatics.github.io/s2let/
Characteristics and correlates of peer sexual harassment in late childhood
Creators: name: Valik, Andrea
name: Gattario, Kristina
name: Lunde, Carolina
name: Skoog, Therése
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Developmental Psychology
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Adjustment
subject: Early adolescence
subject: Late childhood
subject: Middle school
subject: PRISE
subject: Resilience
subject: Sexual harassment

description: The overall aim of this study is to examine the characteristics and correlates of peer sexual harassment at school in 10-year-olds.
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Black Death in France: 1347-1350
Creators: name: Wang, Linlin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: The Black Death was one of the worst natural disasters in history. The deep and long-lasting effect that Black Death had in the daily life, culture, and economy of Europe during the period 1347-51 AD has lured scholars from various disciplines who studied the Black Death from different perspectives. However, all previous studies that had been concerned with important modeling aspects of the epidemic (spatiotemporal dynamics of the disease, mapping, etc) have shown to be inadequate. This report makes an attempt to advance the understanding of salient spatiotemporal features of the epidemic distribution in France under conditions of uncertainty. This goal is achieved by means of four consecutive steps; collecting information from a wide range of interdisciplinary sources; converting multi-sourced evidence across geographical space to general and site-specific Knowledge Base (KB); studying the composite space-time mortality distributions in terms of the stochastic theory concepts and tools of a synthetic epidemic paradigm (SEP); using modem Temporary Geography Information System (TGIS) technology and the Bayesian Maximum Entropy (BME) technique to process the mortality Knowledge Base (KB) and displaying the findings in the forms of substantive space-time maps and other forms of visual representation (including mortality maps, space-time correlation functions, and geographical evolution maps). These results show that Black Death visited almost every single corner of France except the uninhabited mountainous areas in the Pyrenees and the Alps and a few more places. The highest virulence occurred in the warmer and drier southern part of the country. Marseille was the first place to be visited by the plague, from which the epidemic moved to most of the rest of the country and eventually the rest of Europe. Our analysis demonstrates that the plague was spread primarily over land. In summary, we have produced sufficient evidence to claim that use of BME have advance understanding of spatiotemporal nature of Black Death in France. Results are encouraging enough to extend the analysis to all Europe.
Decomposition into Low-rank plus Additive Matrices for Background/Foreground Separation: A Review for a Comparative Evaluation with a Large-Scale Dataset
Creators: name: Bouwmans, Thierry
name: Sobral, Andrews
name: Javed, Sajid
name: Jung, Soon Ki
name: Zahzah, El-Hadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent research on problem formulations based on decomposition into low-rank plus sparse matrices shows a suitable framework to separate moving objects from the background. The most representative problem formulation is the Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) solved via Principal Component Pursuit (PCP) which decomposes a data matrix in a low-rank matrix and a sparse matrix. However, similar robust implicit or explicit decompositions can be made in the following problem formulations: Robust Non-negative Matrix Factorization (RNMF), Robust Matrix Completion (RMC), Robust Subspace Recovery (RSR), Robust Subspace Tracking (RST) and Robust Low-Rank Minimization (RLRM). The main goal of these similar problem formulations is to obtain explicitly or implicitly a decomposition into low-rank matrix plus additive matrices. In this context, this work aims to initiate a rigorous and comprehensive review of the similar problem formulations in robust subspace learning and tracking based on decomposition into low-rank plus additive matrices for testing and ranking existing algorithms for background/foreground separation. For this, we first provide a preliminary review of the recent developments in the different problem formulations which allows us to define a unified view that we called Decomposition into Low-rank plus Additive Matrices (DLAM). Then, we examine carefully each method in each robust subspace learning/tracking frameworks with their decomposition, their loss functions, their optimization problem and their solvers. Furthermore, we investigate if incremental algorithms and real-time implementations can be achieved for background/foreground separation. Finally, experimental results on a large-scale dataset called Background Models Challenge (BMC 2012) show the comparative performance of 32 different robust subspace learning/tracking methods.
description: 121 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Computer Science Review. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1312.7167, arXiv:1109.6297, arXiv:1207.3438, arXiv:1105.2126, arXiv:1404.7592, arXiv:1210.0805, arXiv:1403.8067 by other authors, Computer Science Review, November 2016
title: Mathematical beliefs and knowledge
title: a case study of a teacher’s communication using representations
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ash, Andy
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2023

description: Within education, the subject domain of mathematics is recontextualised, through a combination of teachers’ practice and curriculum development, to become what I term ‘school maths’. Currently, in English schools, there is a drive to reform school maths through introducing an approach that is known as ‘teaching for mastery’, which includes a strong emphasis on teachers using multiple representations. Despite this, it can be seen in the literature that effective use of representations in mathematics education is complex and requires a significant amount of teacher expertise. It is likely that teacher beliefs and knowledge will influence the way in which they use representations, however this is an area in need of further research. This study aims to contribute to better understanding the recontexualisation process by examining the relationship between teacher beliefs and knowledge, and their use of representations to teach fractions. Utilising a case study approach, a single teacher, Gillian, is the focus of this research. The aim being not to make generalised claims to knowledge, but instead contribute to theory development by adopting a critical realist methodology and using an innovative approach to analysis in applying Legitimation Code Theory (LCT). Data was collected from four interviews (two of which utilised a stimulated recall approach), two observed and video recorded lessons, and a textbook analysis. Findings show that studying beliefs and knowledge together, as a belief and knowledge system, is an effective way of understanding how teachers influence the recontextualisation process. Specifically, this study showed that believing in the importance of mathematical knowledge acquisition alongside the development of social learning, including learner dispositions, led to an effective use of representations, where dialogue was carefully used to negotiate the meaning of fractions. It was also found that LCT presents a useful way of explaining the organising principles of teacher beliefs, knowledge and practices and is an avenue for further research. Finally, the study found that the specific textbook used can play a key role in the recontextualization process.
Estimating the distribution of rest-frame timescales for blazar jets: a statistical approach
Creators: name: Liodakis, I.
name: Blinov, D.
name: Papadakis, I.
name: Pavlidou, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In any flux-density limited sample of blazars, the distribution of the timescale modulation factor $Δt'/Δt$, which quantifies the change in observed timescales compared to the rest-frame ones due to redshift and relativistic compression follows an exponential distribution with a mean depending on the flux limit of the sample. In this work we produce the mathematical formalism that allows us to use this information in order to uncover the underlining rest-frame probability density function of measurable timescales of blazar jets. We extensively test our proposed methodology using a simulated FSRQ population with a 1.5 Jy flux-density limit in the simple case (where all blazars share the same intrinsic timescale), in order to identify limits of applicability and potential biases due to observational systematics and sample selection. We find that for monitoring with time intervals between observations longer than $\sim$30\% of the intrinsic timescale under investigation the method loses its ability to produce robust results. For time intervals of $\sim$3\% of the intrinsic timescale the error of the method is as low as 1\% in recovering the intrinsic rest-frame timescale. We applied our method to rotations of the optical polarization angle of blazars observed by RoboPol. We found that the intrinsic timescales of the longest-duration rotation event in each blazar follows a narrow distribution, well-described by a normal distribution with mean 87 days and standard deviation 5 days. We discuss possible interpretations of this result.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, published in MNRAS
Additional file 5 of CCT3/ACTN4/TFRC axis protects hepatocellular carcinoma cells from ferroptosis by inhibiting iron endocytosis
Creators: name: Zhu, Huihui
name: Liu, Qiuhong
name: Meng, Qinna
name: Zhang, Lingjian
name: Ju, Siwei
name: Lang, Jiaheng
name: Zhu, Danhua
name: Chen, Yongxia
name: Aishan, Nadire
name: Ouyang, Xiaoxi
name: Zhang, Sainan
name: Jin, Lidan
name: Xiao, Lanlan
name: Wang, Linbo
name: Li, Lanjuan
name: Ji, Feiyang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Hematology
Virology

description: Supplementary Material 5
The Potential Applications of Laser Raman Spectroscopy in the Field of Industrial Hygiene
Creators: name: Terrell, Rhonda M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1987

description: The feasability of using a portable laser Raman spectrometer in the field of industrial hygiene as a tool for the evaluation of environmental contaminants in an occupational setting was completed. It was determined that three primary criteria must be met prior to development of a portable laser Raman system. These conditions consist of technical criteria, need criteria and resource criteria. The technical criteria was demonstrated, and it was determined that pending demonstration of need and resource commitment, a portable laser Raman spectrometer could be developed for use in the field of industrial hygiene.
title: A 360-degree overview of body composition in healthy people: relationships between anthropometry, ultrasonography and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Creators: name: Diano, Danila
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Tissue characterisation
subject: Metabolic disorders
subject: Comparative studies
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Absorptiometry / Bone densitometry
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Management

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The study of body composition (BC) is a field devoted to the quantification of the amount and distribution of elements that compose the body at different levels [1-2]. The human body can be specifically organized into five levels of increasing...
Kinematics of Radion field: A possible source of dark matter
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Sumanta
name: SenGupta, Soumitra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrepancy between observed virial and baryonic mass in galaxy clusters have lead to the missing mass problem. To resolve this, a new, non-baryonic matter field, known as dark matter has been invoked. However, till date no possible constituents of the dark matter components are known. This has led to various models, by modifying gravity at large distances to explain the missing mass problem. The modification to gravity appears very naturally when effective field theory on a lower dimensional manifold, embedded in a higher dimensional spacetime is considered. It has been shown that in a scenario with two lower dimensional manifolds separated by a finite distance is capable to address the missing mass problem, which in turn determines the kinematics of the brane separation. Consequences for galactic rotation curves are also described.
description: Title changed, revised, 25 pages, 4 figures
Assessment and Application of the EPA Phase I Toxicity Identification Evaluation
Creators: name: Frey, Maria V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has developed a Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) protocol to assist NPDES permittees unable to meet biomonitoring standards. The Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) part of a TRE consists of three phases, which successively identify toxicity-causing compounds with greater specificity. Phase I of the TIE is designed to classify toxicants as to broad generic group according to the results of simple physical/chemical manipulations performed on effluent samples. This research evaluated the Phase I TIE manipulations using target compounds selected to ascertain the validity of each test to characterize the generic group of the toxicant correctly. Target compound testing produced expected results in most instances, but sufficient deviation occurred to reveal that each test may involve overlooked mechanisms that produce unintentional effects. Other project objectives focused on applying the TIE test protocol to assess the nature of toxicity present in effluent samples and to evaluate the protocol itself for feasability of application to municipal NPDES violations. The Highpoint, N.C.Westside Wastewater Treatment plant (WWTP) and the Fayetteville, N.C. Cross Creek WWTP were selected as typical WWTP's with industrial wastewater contribution and experiencing at least sporadic toxic episodes. In addition to Phase I TIE studies, this research examined biomass as a source and sink for toxicants which can biosorb. Returned activated sludge (RAS) samples from High Point Westside, Cross Creek and Burlington South Side WWTP's was to measure centrate toxicity and to conduct desoption experiments. Many effluent samples from High Point displayed an unexplained disappearance of toxicity through time. Phase I manipulations pointed to metals as the toxicant in the only sample tested with persistant toxicity. Phase I testing on four Fayetteville effluent samples collected over a 3-month period produced varying results. Only the C18 column consistently removed toxicity, indicating non-polar organics. No toxicity was found in biomass samples from High Point; All RAS samples tested from Fayetteville and Burlington were toxic. Effluent samples collected on corresponding dates were not necessarily toxic.
title: Brain MRI and MR-spectroscopy findings in children with nutritional Vitamin B12 deficiency
Creators: name: Ekici, Faysal
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Spectroscopy
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CNS

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Vitamin B 12 is a vitamin that plays a role in different biological processes in humans. It contributes to myelination by playing a role in methionine synthesis from homocysteine in infants [1, 2]. It has been stated that vitamin B 12 deﬁciency in...
Phase transition of holographic entanglement entropy in massive gravity
Creators: name: Zeng, Xiao-Xiong
name: Zhang, Hongbao
name: Li, Li-Fang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase structure of holographic entanglement entropy is studied in massive gravity for the quantum systems with finite and infinite volumes, which in the bulk is dual to calculate the minimal surface area for a black hole and black brane respectively. In the entanglement entropy$-$temperature plane, we find for both the black hole and black brane there is a Van der Waals-like phase transition as the case in thermal entropy$-$temperature plane. That is, there is a first order phase transition for the small charge and a second order phase transition at the critical charge. For the first order phase transition, the equal area law is checked and for the second order phase transition, the critical exponent of the heat capacity is obtained. All the results show that the phase structure of holographic entanglement entropy is the same as that of thermal entropy regardless of the volume of the spacetime on the boundary.
description: 15 pages, many figures, some statments are added
Additional file 8 of Elevated expression of Aurora-A/AURKA in breast cancer associates with younger age and aggressive features
Creators: name: Ingebriktsen, L. M.
name: Humlevik, R. O. C.
name: Svanøe, A. A.
name: Sæle, A. K. M.
name: Winge, I.
name: Toska, K.
name: Kalvenes, M. B.
name: Davidsen, B.
name: Heie, A.
name: Knutsvik, G.
name: Askeland, C.
name: Stefansson, I. M.
name: Hoivik, E. A.
name: Akslen, L. A.
name: Wik, E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 8.
Aluminum Speciation and Bioavailability: Investigations of Equilibria between Aluminum and Citrate Species in Plasma Using Computer Simulation and 27AL-NMR
Creators: name: DeVoto, Emily
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1993

description: Knowledge of the chemical species that aluminum forms in vivo allows assessment of its potential availability to tissues and, thus, prediction of toxicity. The major binders of aluminum in serum are transferrin, an iron-transport protein (accounts for "90% of aluminum in serum), and a number of ions, particularly phosphate and citrate. In this work, a number of published equilibrium models describing the speciation of aluminum and citrate were prepared and used to predict equilibrium species over a range of pH. Qualitative NMR investigations confirmed the existence of an asymmetrical trinuclear aluminum species (Al3Cit3(OH)4'^) that appeared rapidly (in less than one minute after mixing the solution) and persisted over a wide range of pH. A model by Ohman (1988) consisting of equilibrium constants for the aluminum-citrate-hydroxide system was found to fit the observed data better than a number of other published models describing the same system, based on predictions made using Titrator, an equilibrium speciation program. This choice was strengthened by the observation that the starting pH of actual solutions agreed better with the Ohman's model than with the others. Ohman's equilibrium model was then extrapolated (again, using Titrator) down to physiologic concentrations of aluminum and citrate, which predict only charged (nonlipophilic) species at plasma pH and a small amount of neutral aluminum-citrate complex at low pH. Passive uptake into tissues requires the existence of an uncharged aluminum species — these results suggest that, based on the aluminum-citrate system, aluminum will not be taken up passively from serum as a citrate complex, although it could if bound to some other ligand not considered here (such as phosphate). Furthermore, although concentrations of aluminum and citrate relevant to gut contents were not considered here, the presence of a neutral aluminum-citrate complex at gastrointestinal pH may be important for predicting absorption into serum.
$\overline{\mathcal{R}}_{15}$ is of general type
Creators: name: Bruns, Gregor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14H10 (Primary), 14E08, 14H40, 14K10 (Secondary)

description: We prove that the moduli space $\overline{\mathcal{R}}_{15}$ of Prym curves of genus $15$ is of general type. To this end we exhibit a virtual divisor $\overline{\mathcal{D}}_{15}$ on $\overline{\mathcal{R}}_{15}$ as the degeneracy locus of a globalized multiplication map of sections of line bundles. We then proceed to show that this locus is indeed of codimension one and calculate its class. Using this class, we can conclude that $K_{\overline{\mathcal{R}}_{15}}$ is big. This complements a 2010 result of Farkas and Ludwig: now the spaces $\overline{\mathcal{R}}_g$ are known to be of general type for $g \geq 14$.
description: 17 pages, appeared in Algebra & Number Theory. Several corrections and improvements