cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Explicit solution for a Gaussian wave packet impinging on a square barrier
Creators: name: Prieto, A. L. Perez
name: Brouard, S.
name: Muga, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collision of a quantum Gaussian wave packet with a square barrier is solved explicitly in terms of known functions. The obtained formula is suitable for performing fast calculations or asymptotic analysis. It also provides physical insight since the description of different regimes and collision phenomena typically requires only some of the terms.
description: To be published in J. Phys. A
Incremental Alternative Sampling as a Lens into the Temporal and Representational Resolution of Linguistic Prediction
Creators: name: Giulianelli, Mario
name: Wallbridge, Sarenne
name: Cotterell, Ryan
name: Fernández, Raquel
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cognitive cost
subject: Cognitive modelling
subject: Incremental language processing
subject: Information theory
subject: Language comprehension
subject: Language models
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Predictive uncertainty

description: This study presents a new model of processing difficulty rooted in resource allocation theory, Incremental Alternative Sampling (IAS). Differential difficulty for a linguistic unit is estimated with respect to a set of plausible alternatives. Compared to a surprisal-based model, it prescribes a more efficient use of a comprehender's predicted continuations of partial linguistic stimuli thanks to (i) an expressive representation function that captures different levels of linguistic processing and (ii) the bootstrapping of long-horizon prediction error. Our results show that IAS estimates of processing difficulty, computed with autoregressive language models via Monte Carlo estimation, have greater predictive power than surprisal extracted from the same language models for most neural and behavioural responses under analysis—including reading times, event-related brain potentials, cloze and predictability judgements. Perhaps more importantly, IAS estimates provide insight into the nature of the predictive mechanisms that generate those responses during language comprehension. Variability in neural and behavioural responses is well explained by different combinations of the representational and temporal resolution of prediction. Processing difficulty calculated at varying representational domains reflects known relations to lexical, constructional, and structural levels of linguistic processing, and forecast horizons are determined by a combination of experimental task setup and naturalness of the stimulus. Beyond enriching psycholinguistic models, IAS can also provide insights into the information processing mechanisms of computational language models. Our analysis of next-word surprisal under the lenses of IAS reveals that, despite the metric's seemingly narrow focus on the upcoming word, language model surprisal implicitly captures anticipatory processing of multiple future lexical items.
description: PsyArXiv
C. elegans MAGU-2/Mpp5 homolog regulates epidermal phagocytosis and synapse density
Creators: name: Cherra, Salvatore J.
name: Goncharov, Alexandr
name: Boassa, Daniela
name: Ellisman, Mark
name: Yishi Jin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Synapses are dynamic connections that underlie essential functions of the nervous system. The addition, removal, and maintenance of synapses govern the flow of information in neural circuits throughout the lifetime of an animal. While extensive studies have elucidated many intrinsic mechanisms that neurons employ to modulate their connections, increasing evidence supports the roles of non-neuronal cells, such as glia, in synapse maintenance and circuit function. We previously showed that C. elegans epidermis regulates synapses through ZIG-10, a cell-adhesion protein of the immunoglobulin domain superfamily. Here we identified a member of the Pals1/MPP5 family, MAGU-2, that functions in the epidermis to modulate phagocytosis and the number of synapses by regulating ZIG-10 localization. Furthermore, we used light and electron microscopy to show that this epidermal mechanism removes neuronal membranes from the neuromuscular junction, dependent on the conserved phagocytic receptor CED-1. Together, our study shows that C. elegans epidermis constrains synaptic connectivity, in a manner similar to astrocytes and microglia in mammals, allowing optimized output of neural circuits.
Age Constraints on Brane Models of Dark Energy
Creators: name: Alcaniz, J. S.
name: Jain, Deepak
name: Dev, Abha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by recent developments in particle physics, the so-called brane world cosmology seems to provide an alternative explanation for the present dark energy problem. In this paper, we use the estimated age of high-$z$ objects to constrain the value of the cosmological parameters in some particular scenarios based on this large scale modification of gravity. We show that such models are compatible with these observations for values of the crossover distance between the 4 and 5 dimensions of the order of $r_c \leq 1.67H_o^{-1}$.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
On the Challenges and Opportunities in Generative AI
Creators: name: Manduchi, Laura
name: Pandey, Kushagra
name: Bamler, Robert
name: Cotterell, Ryan
name: Däubener, Sina
name: Fellenz, Sophie
name: Fischer, Asja
name: Gärtner, Thomas
name: Kirchler, Matthias
name: Kloft, Marius
name: Li, Yingzhen
name: Lippert, Christoph
name: de Melo, Gerard
name: Nalisnick, Eric
name: Ommer, Björn
name: Ranganath, Rajesh
name: Rudolph, Maja
name: Ullrich, Karen
name: Van Den Broeck, Guy
name: Vogt, Julia E.
name: Wang, Yixin
name: Wenzel, Florian
name: Wood, Frank
name: Mandt, Stephan
name: Fortuin, Vincent
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The field of deep generative modeling has grown rapidly and consistently over the years. With the availability of massive amounts of training data coupled with advances in scalable unsupervised learning paradigms, recent large-scale generative models show tremendous promise in synthesizing high-resolution images and text, as well as structured data such as videos and molecules. However, we argue that current large-scale generative AI models do not sufficiently address several fundamental issues that hinder their widespread adoption across domains. In this work, we aim to identify key unresolved challenges in modern generative AI paradigms that should be tackled to further enhance their capabilities, versatility, and reliability. By identifying these challenges, we aim to provide researchers with valuable insights for exploring fruitful research directions, thereby fostering the development of more robust and accessible generative AI solutions.
description: arXiv
Fermion-induced quantum critical point in Dirac semimetals: a sign-problem-free quantum Monte Carlo study
Creators: name: Li, Bo-Hai
name: Li, Zi-Xiang
name: Yao, Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to Landau criterion, a phase transition should be first order when cubic terms of order parameters are allowed in its effective Ginzburg-Landau free energy. Recently, it was shown by renormalization group (RG) analysis that continuous transition can happen at putatively first-order $Z_3$ transitions in 2D Dirac semimetals and such non-Landau phase transitions were dubbed "fermion-induced quantum critical points" (FIQCP) [Li et al., Nature Communications 8, 314 (2017)]. The RG analysis, controlled by the 1/$N$ expansion with $N$ the number of flavors of four-component Dirac fermions, shows that FIQCP occurs for $N\geq N_c$. Previous QMC simulations of a microscopic model of SU($N$) fermions on the honeycomb lattice showed that FIQCP occurs at the transition between Dirac semimetals and Kekule-VBS for $N\geq 2$. However, precise value of the lower bound $N_c$ has not been established. Especially, the case of $N=1$ has not been explored by studying microscopic models so far. Here, by introducing a generalized SU($N$) fermion model with $N=1$ (namely spinless fermions on the honeycomb lattice), we perform large-scale sign-problem-free Majorana quantum Monte Carlo simulations and find convincing evidence of FIQCP for $N=1$. Consequently, our results suggest that FIQCP can occur in 2D Dirac semimetals for all positive integers $N\geq 1$.
Hawking Radiation of Dirac Particles in an Arbitrarily Accelerating Kinnersley Black Hole
Creators: name: Wu, S. Q.
name: Cai, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum thermal effect of Dirac particles in an arbitrarily accelerating Kinnersley black hole is investigated by using the method of generalized tortoise coordinate transformation. Both the location and the temperature of the event horizon depend on the advanced time and the angles. The Hawking thermal radiation spectrum of Dirac particles contains a new term which represents the interaction between particles with spin and black holes with acceleration. This spin-acceleration coupling effect is absent from the thermal radiation spectrum of scalar particles.
description: Revtex, 12pt, 16 pages, no figure, to appear in Gen. Rel. Grav. 34 (2002) N0. 8
Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Seafood Attributes: A Multi-species and Multi-state Comparison
Creators: name: Meas, Thong
name: Hu, Wuyang
name: Meas, Thong
name: Hu, Wuyang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Consumer Preferences for Seafood
subject: Wild-Caught
subject: Aquaculture
subject: Willingness to Pay
subject: Choice Experiment

description: This study surveys consumers’ perception of issues in seafood consumption and production and uses choice experiments to investigate consumer preference for the most consumed fish species. Results suggest that consumers were willing to pay positive premiums for fish from U.S. domestic origin and eco-friendly production practices. They were also willing to pay more for fish raised locally and fed with only natural vegetable based feeds. However, for two of the three species examined, there were no premiums found for fresh fish as compared to previously frozen fish. Importantly, comparing wild-caught to farm-raised seafood, the study found no positive willingness to pay, signaling higher acceptance of fish from aquaculture production over time.
Yponomeuta catharotis
Creators: name: Sohn, Jae-Cheon
name: Wu, Chun-Sheng
name: Han, Hui-Lin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Yponomeutidae
Yponomeuta
Yponomeuta catharotis

description: Yponomeuta catharotis (Meyrick, 1935)
 Material examined. [USNM] 1♀, Nanking [=Nanjing], Jiangsu, V 1933 (Höne), abdomen missing.
 Distribution. China (south) and Russia (Far East).
description: Published as part of Sohn, Jae-Cheon, Wu, Chun-Sheng & Han, Hui-Lin, 2010, Three new species of Yponomeutinae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from China with faunistic supplements and an updated list of the Chinese species of the subfamily, pp. 2803-2816 in Journal of Natural History 44 (45 - 46) on page 2810, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.503942, http://zenodo.org/record/5212123
Discriminating between sleep and exercise-induced fatigue using computer vision and behavioral genetics
Creators: name: Schuch, Kelsey N.
name: Govindarajan, Lakshmi Narasimhan
name: Yuliang Guo
name: Baskoylu, Saba N.
name: Kim, Sarah
name: Kimia, Benjamin
name: Serre, Thomas
name: Hart, Anne C.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Following prolonged swimming, Caenorhabditis elegans cycle between active swimming bouts and inactive quiescent bouts. Swimming is exercise for C. elegans and here we suggest that inactive bouts are a recovery state akin to fatigue. It is known that cGMP-dependent kinase (PKG) activity plays a conserved role in sleep, rest, and arousal. Using C. elegans EGL-4 PKG, we first validate a novel learning-based computer vision approach to automatically analyze C. elegans locomotory behavior and an edge detection program that is able to distinguish between activity and inactivity during swimming for long periods of time. We find that C. elegans EGL-4 PKG function impacts timing of exercise-induced quiescent (EIQ) bout onset, fractional quiescence, bout number, and bout duration, suggesting that previously described pathways are engaged during EIQ bouts. However, EIQ bouts are likely not sleep as animals are feeding during the majority of EIQ bouts. We find that genetic perturbation of neurons required for other C. elegans sleep states also does not alter EIQ dynamics. Additionally, we find that EIQ onset is sensitive to age and DAF-16 FOXO function. In summary, we have validated behavioral analysis software that enables a quantitative and detailed assessment of swimming behavior, including EIQ. We found novel EIQ defects in aged animals and animals with mutations in a gene involved in stress tolerance. We anticipate that further use of this software will facilitate the analysis of genes and pathways critical for fatigue and other C. elegans behaviors.
Statically Transformed Autoregressive Process and Surrogate Data Test for Nonlinearity
Creators: name: Kugiumtzis, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The key feature for the successful implementation of the surrogate data test for nonlinearity on a scalar time series is the generation of surrogate data that represent exactly the null hypothesis (statically transformed normal stochastic process), i.e. they possess the sample autocorrelation and amplitude distribution of the given data. A new conceptual approach and algorithm for the generation of surrogate data is proposed, called {\em statically transformed autoregressive process} (STAP). It identifies a normal autoregressive process and a monotonic static transform, so that the transformed realisations of this process fulfill exactly both conditions and do not suffer from bias in autocorrelation as the surrogate data generated by other algorithms. The appropriateness of STAP is demonstrated with simulated and real world data.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
Controllable Context Sensitivity and the Knob Behind It
Creators: name: Minder, Julian
name: Du, Kevin
name: Stoehr, Niklas
name: Monea, Giovanni
name: Wendler, Chris
name: West, Robert
name: Cotterell, Ryan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When making predictions, a language model must trade off how much it relies on its context vs. its prior knowledge. Choosing how sensitive the model is to its context is a fundamental functionality, as it enables the model to excel at tasks like retrieval-augmented generation and question-answering. In this paper, we search for a knob which controls this sensitivity, determining whether language models answer from the context or their prior knowledge. To guide this search, we design a task for controllable context sensitivity. In this task, we first feed the model a context (Paris is in England) and a question (Where is Paris?); we then instruct the model to either use its prior or contextual knowledge and evaluate whether it generates the correct answer for both intents (either France or England). When fine-tuned on this task, instruction-tuned versions of Llama-3.1, Mistral-v0.3, and Gemma-2 can solve it with high accuracy (85-95%). Analyzing these high-performing models, we narrow down which layers may be important to context sensitivity using a novel linear time algorithm. Then, in each model, we identify a 1-D subspace in a single layer that encodes whether the model follows context or prior knowledge. Interestingly, while we identify this subspace in a fine-tuned model, we find that the exact same subspace serves as an effective knob in not only that model but also non-fine-tuned instruct and base models of that model family. Finally, we show a strong correlation between a model's performance and how distinctly it separates context-agreeing from context-ignoring answers in this subspace. These results suggest a single subspace facilitates how the model chooses between context and prior knowledge, hinting at a simple fundamental mechanism that controls this behavior.
description: arXiv
A Contingent Water Banking Program to Support Shortnose Sturgeon Migration in the Savannah River Basin during Drought Periods
Creators: name: Huber, Matthew C.
name: Wilis, David B.
name: Huber, Matthew C.
name: Wilis, David B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This study presents a model to investigate the costs of augmenting streamflows in drought years to support shortnose sturgeon spawning and migration. We demonstrate how the model can estimate the acre foot water payment necessary under alternative drought scenarios to induce water users to participate in a contingent water banking program to meet sturgeon seasonal flow requirements.
Temperature dependent effective mass renormalization in a Coulomb Fermi liquid
Creators: name: Zhang, Ying
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate numerically the quasiparticle effective mass (m*) renormalization as a function of temperature and electron density in two- and three-dimensional electron systems with long-range Coulomb interaction. In two dimensions, the leading temperature correction is linear and positive with the slope being a universal density independent number in the high density limit. We predict an enhancement of the effective mass at low temperatures and a non-monotonic temperature dependence at higher temperatures (T/T_F ~ 0.1) with the peak shifting toward higher temperatures as density decreases. In three dimensions, we find that the effective mass temperature dependence is nonlinear and non-universal, and depends on the electron density in a complicated way. At very high densities, the leading correction is positive, while at lower densities it changes sign and the effective mass decreases monotonically from its zero temperature value with increasing temperature.
Electing the First Woman to the Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia
Creators: name: Puas, Gonzaga
name: Oliver, Norleen
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: Dept. of Pacific Affairs, Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs, The Australian National University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Women in Leadership
Politics
women in politics
Gender
Gender politics
Micronesia

description: On 29 November 2021, the voters in the Southern Namoneas election district in the state of Chuuk elected Dr Perpetua S. Konman as the first woman in the Congress of the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). It caught the nation by surprise as many citizens believe that women still have a long struggle to become members of that forum. Until this election, FSM was the only country in the Pacific to have never elected a woman to its national parliament. Since 2011, eight women have attempted to be elected to Congress, but without success. Women have been perceived as lacking the intricate knowledge of political processes as well as the capacity to make rational decisions for the nation. Such an assumption has been an enduring frustration, particularly for proponents of gender equality within the modern democratic process. This In Brief discusses gender politics in contemporary FSM and the one instance of how a woman candidate was able to win a place in the Congress. To understand women’s exclusion from national contemporary politics, an investigation into the nation’s past is required.
On a relation between the Bach equation and the equation of geometrodynamics
Creators: name: Gorbatenko, M. V.
name: Pushkin, A. V.
name: Schmidt, H. -J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bach equation and the equation of geometrodynamics are based on two quite different physical motivations, but in both approaches, the conformal properties of gravitation plays the key role. In this paper we present an analysis of the relation between these two equations and show that the solutions of the equation of geometrodynamics are of a more general nature. We show the following non-trivial result: there exists a conformally invariant Lagrangian, whose field equation generalizes the Bach equation and has as solutions those Ricci tensors which are solutions to the equation of geometrodynamics.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX, no figures
Likelihood as a Performance Gauge for Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Creators: name: Liu, Tianyu
name: Qi, Jirui
name: He, Paul
name: Bisazza, Arianna
name: Sachan, Mrinmaya
name: Cotterell, Ryan
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
Machine Learning (cs.LG)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work finds that retrieval-augmented generation with large language models is prone to be influenced by the order of retrieved documents in the context. However, the lack of in-depth analysis limits the use of this phenomenon for prompt engineering in practice. In this study, we posit that likelihoods serve as an effective gauge for language model performance. Through experiments on two question-answering datasets with a variety of state-of-the-art language models, we reveal correlations between answer accuracy and the likelihood of the question at both the corpus level and the instance level. In addition, we find that question likelihood can also indicate the position of the task-relevant information in the context. Based on these findings, we propose two methods that use question likelihood as a gauge for selecting and constructing prompts that lead to better performance. We demonstrate their effectiveness with experiments. In addition, our likelihood-based methods are efficient, as they only need to compute the likelihood of the input, requiring much fewer language model passes than heuristic prompt engineering methods that require generating responses. Our analysis deepens our understanding of how input prompts affect model performance and provides a promising direction for efficient prompt optimization.
description: arXiv
Colloidal gelation, percolation and structural arrest
Creators: name: de Candia, A.
name: Del Gado, E.
name: Fierro, A.
name: Sator, N.
name: Coniglio, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of molecular dynamics, we study a model system for colloidal suspensions where the interaction is based on a competition between attraction and repulsion. At low temperatures the relaxation time $τ$ first increases as a power law as a function of the volume fraction $ϕ$ and then, due to the finite lifetime of the bonded structures, it deviates from this critical behavior. We show that colloidal gelation at low temperatures and low volume fractions is crucially related to the formation of spanning long living cluster. Besides agreeing with experimental findings in different colloidal systems, our results shed new light on the different role played by the formation of long living bonds and the crowding of the particles in colloidal structural arrest.
description: new version, 5 pages, 9 figures
Yponomeuta cinefacta
Creators: name: Sohn, Jae-Cheon
name: Wu, Chun-Sheng
name: Han, Hui-Lin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Yponomeutidae
Yponomeuta
Yponomeuta cinefacta

description: Yponomeuta cinefacta (Meyrick, 1935)
 Material examined. [USNM] 13, Mt. Tienmushan, Zhejiang, IV 1902 (Höne).
 Distribution. China (southeast) and Russia (Far East).
description: Published as part of Sohn, Jae-Cheon, Wu, Chun-Sheng & Han, Hui-Lin, 2010, Three new species of Yponomeutinae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from China with faunistic supplements and an updated list of the Chinese species of the subfamily, pp. 2803-2816 in Journal of Natural History 44 (45 - 46) on page 2810, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.503942, http://zenodo.org/record/5212123
Riverbed morphology and flow resistance: integrating UAV-based 3D mapping and flow modeling
Creators: name: Vlatkovic, Karla
name: Deal, Eric
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2024

description: A comprehensive understanding of flow resistance is essential for understanding the hydrodynamical functioning of a river channel and predicting its evolution within the landscape. It governs the distribution of shear stress along the channel's boundaries, which in turn impacts the extent and distribution of erosion on the riverbed and banks. Flow resistance in steep mountain streams is primarily form drag and they exhibit high relative roughness. They tend to exhibit complex bed morphologies due to presence of large immobile boulders, aggregates of sediment particles, and specific bed or channel configurations. This roughness leads to the development of intricate three-dimensional flow patterns that may modify lift and drag forces acting on bed sediment. These alterations in forces can, in turn, impact water velocities and sediment fluxes within the stream. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of widely accepted theory addressing flow resistance in rough channels. Empirical evidence has established that conventional statistical description of bed morphology prove insufficient in fully describing riverbed roughness. This is why it is important to establish whether the morphology of riverbeds could exhibit a degree of inherent organization rather than appearing random. If this were to be true, riverbed morphology would exhibit a degree of consistency across different rivers and environments, enabling the formulation of generally applicable expressions for surface roughness that can be implemented in flow-resistance equations. Recent advances in uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) based structure from motion (SfM) allow for centimeter accurate measurement of the 3D morphology of river channels over hundreds of meters of river length. Obtaining accurate representation of the river channel's 3D topography serves as the starting point for examination of channel geometry and river bed roughness. Taking advantage of this, we have developed a workflow to characterize the geometry of natural river reaches, including shape metrics, estimates of hydraulic geometry, and grain size and location distributions based on automated image segmentation. We present our findings from a number of river channels in Taiwan. However, the most relevant way to characterize the geometry of a riverbed is through the interaction with the flow. The application of 3D flow modeling has proven to be of great importance in understanding flow patterns and sediment transport. We present plans to conduct 3D flow modelling over the measured river reaches in an effort to understand the most relevant aspect of the riverbed geometry to flow resistance.
description: EGUsphere
MOESM5 of Human-specific mutations in VMAT1 confer functional changes and multi-directional evolution in the regulation of monoamine circuits
Creators: name: Sato, Daiki
name: Ishii, Yuu
name: Nagai, Tomoaki
name: Ohashi, Kazumasa
name: Masakado Kawata
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Table S4. Tukeyâ€™s HSD correction for the differences in fluorescence intensity for YFP among YFP-VMAT1 variants.
Background of gravitational waves from pre-galactic black hole formation
Creators: name: de Araujo, J C N
name: Miranda, O D
name: Aguiar, O D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation of a gravitational wave (GW) background produced from a population of core-collapse supernovae, which form black holes in scenarios of structure formation of the Universe. We obtain, for example, that a pre-galactic population of black holes, formed at redshifts $z\simeq 30-10$, could generate a stochastic GW background with a maximum amplitude of $h_{\rm BG}\simeq 10^{-24}$ in the frequency band $ν_{\rm obs}\simeq 30-470 {\rm Hz}$ (considering a maximum efficiency of generation of GWs, namely, $ε_{\rm GW}=7\times 10^{-4}$). In particular, we discuss what astrophysical information could be obtained from a positive, or even a negative, detection of such a GW background produced in scenarios such as those studied here. One of them is the possibility of obtaining the initial and final redshifts of the emission period from the observed spectrum of GWs.
description: 9 pages (IOPP Latex2e), 1 eps figure; To appear in Classical an Quantum Gravity (Special Issue: Proceedings of the 4th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves)
title: "Can Michael the Brave love, or not?" : sex and sexuality in Romanian film culture
Creators: name: Gadalean, Andrei Mihai
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2019

description: This study seeks to trace a history of the representations of sex and sexuality in the Romanian film culture, specifically in relation to the various political, social, and economic factors that have shaped these representations. The assertion of this thesis is that, within the Romanian film culture, there is a continuity evident over the course of the last century, which takes the form of a tension between an impulse to showcase sexuality in an honest, liberated manner, and, opposing it, a systematic compulsion to conceal matters related to sexuality, due to both a tradition of repressed morality, and to an assortment of political and ideological repressive mechanisms. One of the aims of this thesis is to introduce more complex ways of understanding visibility and representation in cinema, beyond the confines of a profit-driven global film culture, therefore the study moves both on a national, and a transnational level. On the one hand, it explores the ways in which sexuality as represented in Romanian films could nuance the discussion concerning sexuality in the cinema. On the other, it looks at how sexuality as represented in other film cultures has travelled to, and has been received within, the specific Romanian context. While a national framework can be seen as limiting, it is also aimed to focus the discussion, and to establish a scope of concrete evidence to illustrate how the specificity of the context constructs specific ways in which sexuality is represented and interacted with at a cinematic level. In Dagmar Herzog’s words, “the nation-state is a logical unit to analyse when we are trying to understand changes in laws and government policies; and for most of the twentieth century, it is striking how profound an impact laws have had in shaping national and local sexual cultures and individuals’ self-conceptions alike, as well as – for instance, in the case of restrictions on contraceptive products – the actual bodily experiences of sex”. The analysis is divided into three main sections. The first focusses on the period between the start of the 20th century and the end of the Second World War, looking at the ways in which the Romanian film culture has communicated with the wider, American and European one, in terms of regulating film sexuality. The middle section moves to investigate how the mutations brought by state socialism in terms of ideology and morality have impacted on the visibility of film sexuality, which has been reduced to the point of sublimation. The final section explores the post-communist period, and the ways in which cinema, in the Romanian film culture, has used sex and sexuality to both reckon with a traumatic past, and alleviate traumas of the present.
Length measurement in accelerated systems
Creators: name: Mashhoon, Bahram
name: Muench, Uwe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the limitations of length measurements by accelerated observers in Minkowski spacetime brought about via the hypothesis of locality, namely, the assumption that an accelerated observer at each instant is equivalent to an otherwise identical momentarily comoving inertial observer. We find that consistency can be achieved only in a rather limited neighborhood around the observer with linear dimensions that are negligibly small compared to the characteristic acceleration length of the observer.
description: LaTeX file (annalen.cls), 4 figures, 17 pages, accepted for publication in Annalen der Physik
Comparison of competency lists for scholarly communication in relation to their use in a research study: “Scholarly Communication knowledge and skills in Australasian research institutions”
Creators: name: Kingsley, Danny
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2021
Subjects: competency
scholarly communication
skills

description: This is a comparison of two competency lists for scholarly communication in relation to their use in a research study: “Scholarly Communication knowledge and skills in Australasian research institutions” * NASIG Core Competencies for Scholarly Communication Librarians https://www.nasig.org/Competencies-Scholarly-Communication * Joint Task Force on Librarians’ Competencies in Support of E¬Research and Scholarly Communication https://www.coar-repositories.org/files/Competencies-for-ScholComm-and-OA_June-2016.pdf This particular analysis was undertaken by Dr Danny Kingsley, but it was done within the context of a collaborative project with Dr Joanna Richardson and Dr MaryAnne Kennan.
Soliton ratchets induced by ac forces with harmonic mixing
Creators: name: Salerno, Mario
name: Zolotaryuk, Yaroslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ratchet dynamics of a kink (topological soliton) of a dissipative sine-Gordon equation in the presence of ac forces with harmonic mixing (at least bi-harmonic) of zero mean is studied. The dependence of the kink mean velocity on system parameters is investigated numerically and the results are compared with a perturbation analysis based on a point particle representation of the soliton. We find that first order perturbative calculations lead to incomplete descriptions, due to the important role played by the soliton-phonon interaction in establishing the phenomenon. The role played by the temporal symmetry of the system in establishing soliton ratchets is also emphasized. In particular, we show the existence of an asymmetric internal mode on the kink profile which couples to the kink translational mode through the damping in the system. Effective soliton transport is achieved when the internal mode and the external force get phase locked. We find that for kinks driven by bi-harmonic drivers consisting of the superposition of a fundamental driver with its first odd harmonic, the transport arises only due to this {\it internal mode} mechanism, while for bi-harmonic drivers with even harmonic superposition, also a point-particle contribution to the drift velocity is present. The phenomenon is robust enough to survive the presence of thermal noise in the system and can lead to several interesting physical applications.
description: 9 pages, 13 figures
Farm Subsidy Incidence in the Presence of Bertrand Competitors of Complementary Factors of Production: A Theoretical Approach
Creators: name: Poe, Abby
name: Coatney, Kalyn
name: Coble, Keith
name: Freeman, Matt
name: Poe, Abby
name: Coatney, Kalyn
name: Coble, Keith
name: Freeman, Matt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Political Economy
subject: Subsidy Incidence
subject: Differentiated Input Products
subject: Dynamic Bertrand Game

description: We analyze the impact of various subsidy policies using a two-stage dynamic game between a buyer (intended beneficiary) and two Bertrand suppliers of technical complementary inputs. Though we identify market power is one of the root causes of subsidy incidence, we also find that input product substitutability plays a much larger role. Furthermore, we identify that subsidy incidence occurs across multiple input markets. However, the multiplier effect of the subsidy enhances sector welfare, though disproportionally in favor of the input suppliers.
Genetic diversity analysis of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes for resistance to Mexican bean weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatus), using single nucleotide polymorphism and phenotypic markers
Creators: name: Shiferaw G. Tigist
name: Melis, Rob
name: Sibiya, Julia
name: Beyene A. Amelework
name: Gemechu Keneni
name: Asheber Tegene
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60506 Virology

description: The objective of this study was to examine the genetic diversity present among 297 common bean genotypes using 2554 SNPs and 12 insects and seed-related traits. The phenotyping was done under laboratory condition while the genotyping was conducted by using the Illumina SNP BeadChip. High phenotypic diversity among traits were recorded, ranging from 0.87 to 0.96, with a mean of 0.92. Principal component and discriminant analyses identiﬁed four PCs and three discriminant functions, which explained 82% and 100% of the total phenotypic variations among genotypes, respectively. Polymorphic Information Content ranged from 0.21 to 0.38, with a mean of 0.34. The mean gene diversity among genotypes ranged from 0.24 to 0.50, with a mean of 0.44. Genetic distance ranged from 0.19 to 0.82, with a mean of 0.62, while the phenotypic distance ranged from 0.00 to 1.00, with a mean of 0.64 were observed aamong genotypes. The analysis of molecular variance revealed highly signiﬁcant differences (p<0.001) among and within individuals and among populations. Both the SNP and the phenotypic markers grouped the 297 genotypes into two major distinct clusters and three sub-clusters. This information is useful for identiﬁcation and development of common bean germplasm with economically valuable traits and the conservation and utilization of genotypes.
Estimation and Applications of Quantile Regression for Binary Longitudinal Data
Creators: name: Rahman, Mohammad Arshad
name: Vossmeyer, Angela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper develops a framework for quantile regression in binary longitudinal data settings. A novel Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method is designed to fit the model and its computational efficiency is demonstrated in a simulation study. The proposed approach is flexible in that it can account for common and individual-specific parameters, as well as multivariate heterogeneity associated with several covariates. The methodology is applied to study female labor force participation and home ownership in the United States. The results offer new insights at the various quantiles, which are of interest to policymakers and researchers alike.
Yponomeuta zagulajevi Gershenson 1977
Creators: name: Sohn, Jae-Cheon
name: Wu, Chun-Sheng
name: Han, Hui-Lin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Yponomeutidae
Yponomeuta
Yponomeuta zagulajevi

description: Yponomeuta zagulajevi Gershenson, 1977
 Material examined. [LT] 23, Mt. Baihuashan, Menton, Beijing, 17-18 VII 2008 (JC Sohn).
 Distribution. China (north) and Russia (Far East).
 Host plant. Euonymus alatus Sieb. [Celastraceae] (Gershenson and Ulenberg, 1998).
 Remarks. Gershenson and Ulenberg (1998) included “ China ” in the distributional range of Y. zagulajevi without providing any evidence. Comparing external features, we determined that our specimens are Y. zagulajevi, reconfirming the record of the species from China.
description: Published as part of Sohn, Jae-Cheon, Wu, Chun-Sheng & Han, Hui-Lin, 2010, Three new species of Yponomeutinae (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) from China with faunistic supplements and an updated list of the Chinese species of the subfamily, pp. 2803-2816 in Journal of Natural History 44 (45 - 46) on page 2810, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2010.503942, http://zenodo.org/record/5212123
Getty Images: copyright hawk or corporate appropriator?
Creators: name: Misek, Richard
Publisher: name: CREATe
Year: 2024

description: This working paper explores the dual pull, often felt at both organisational and individual levels, towards simultaneously asserting one’s own intellectual property and appropriating other people’s. It does so with specific reference to Getty Images, the largest commercial archive in the world. The paper begins by scrutinizing how Getty Images amassed and safeguards its vast image repository, highlighting three elements that have underpinned its rapid growth: takeovers, litigation, and platformisation. The paper’s focus then shifts to the role of appropriation in the company's historical and current activities, and in particular to how the company differs from public archives in how it approaches content with ambiguous copyright. The paper concludes by reflecting on the current legal dispute between Getty Images and Stability AI, and highlighting the contradictory stance held by Getty Images towards the emergence of generative AI.
Viscous Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory for topological electromagnetic phases of matter
Creators: name: Van Mechelen, Todd
name: Jacob, Zubin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the fundamental model of a topological electromagnetic phase of matter: viscous Maxwell-Chern-Simons theory. Our model applies to a quantum Hall fluids with viscosity. We solve both continuum and lattice regularized systems to demonstrate that this is the minimal (exactly solvable) gauge theory with a nontrivial photonic Chern number ($C\neq 0$) for electromagnetic waves coupled to a quantum Hall fluid. The interplay of symmetry and topology is also captured by the spin-1 representations of a photonic skyrmion at high-symmetry points in the Brillouin zone. To rigorously analyze the topological physics, we introduce the viscous Maxwell-Chern-Simons Lagrangian and derive the equations of motion, as well as the boundary conditions, from the principle of least action. We discover topologically-protected chiral (unidirectional) edge states which minimize the surface variation and correspond to massless photonic excitations costing an infinitesimal amount of energy. Physically, our predicted electromagnetic phases are connected to a dynamical photonic mass in the integer quantum Hall fluid. This arises from viscous (nonlocal) Hall conductivity and we identify the nonlocal Chern-Simons coupling with the Hall viscosity. The electromagnetic phase is topologically nontrivial $C\neq 0$ when the Hall viscosity inhibits the total bulk Hall response. Our work bridges the gap between electromagnetic and condensed matter topological physics while also demonstrating the central role of spin-1 quantization in nontrivial photonic phases.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Exploring User Interest in Ethical Tools for Nano-Risk Governance
Creators: name: Malsch, Ineke
name: Isigonis, Panagiotis
name: Bouman, Evert
name: Afantitis, Antreas
name: Melagraki, Georgia
name: Dusinska, Maria
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: nanotechnology
risk governance
ethical impact assessment

description: Risk Governance of nanomaterials addresses multiple criteria including risk assessment and management, life cycle assessment and ecological, social and economic risk-benefit assessment. In addition, there is increasing interest in addressing ethical issues. To accommodate consideration of ethical issues, RiskGONE developed guidelines [1] and online tools for screening ethical impacts and performing a small-scale Ethical Impact Assessment (EIA) adapted from the corresponding CEN pre-standard.[2] Online tools developed in RiskGONE support users in performing the six-step EIA procedure (screening, drafting an EIA-plan, identifying and evaluating ethical issues, drafting remedial actions, and review of the EIA). During an online stakeholder workshop on 26-27 January 2021 of the EU-funded NMBP-13 projects (Gov4Nano, NanoRIGO and RiskGONE), the methodology was presented and discussed, resulting in feedback on expected users, applications of nanotechnology which call for assessment of ethical impacts and relevant ethical issues. This poster presents an analysis of the results of this stakeholder engagement. [1] RiskGONE D3.6 Draft guidelines on Identification of regulatory and ethical risk thresholds. RiskGONE project, December 2020 [2] CEN, CWA 17145-2:2017 (E) Ethics assessment for research and innovation - Part 2: Ethical impact assessment framework. CEN, Brussels, June 2017
Boundary conditions in linearized harmonic gravity
Creators: name: Szilagyi, Bela
name: Schmidt, Bernd
name: Winicour, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the initial-boundary value problem for linearized gravitational theory in harmonic coordinates. Rigorous techniques for hyperbolic systems are applied to establish well-posedness for various reductions of the system into a set of six wave equations. The results are used to formulate computational algorithms for Cauchy evolution in a 3-dimensional bounded domain. Numerical codes based upon these algorithms are shown to satisfy tests of robust stability for random constraint violating initial data and random boundary data; and shown to give excellent performance for the evolution of typical physical data. The results are obtained for plane boundaries as well as piecewise cubic spherical boundaries cut out of a Cartesian grid.
description: 22 pages, 6 Postscript figures