cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Predation behaviour of Vancouver Island cougar (puma concolor Vancouverensis) and its relation to micro- and macroscale habitat
Creators: name: Gladders, Aaron D.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Little is known of the relationship between cougar (Puma concolor) predation and habitat. I investigated cougar predation on North Vancouver Island to determine species, sex, age and condition of prey and microsite and macrohabitat characteristics of feeding sites. Nine radio-collared female cougar were relocated using radiotelemetry from October 1997 to May 1998. Sixty-five feeding sites were located through a combination of intensive triangulation, DGPS and use of a trained Labrador retriever. Columbian black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) comprised the majority of prey in addition to a raccoon (Procyon lotor) and grouse (Dendragapus obscurus or Bonasa umbellus). Three Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) were also found killed by male cougar radio-collared as part of another study. Sex and age of deer killed by cougar appeared to correspond to historical estimates for my study area, although estimates were not available during my study. Deer condition appeared to follow common ungulate fat reserve trends during the course of predation sampling, indicating deer condition was not a factor in their capture. An average annual kill rate of 22.6 deer per female cougar was estimated, although observed interference competition from black bears out of hibernation may increase this rate. Feeding sites were found in areas of dense horizontal cover, presumably associated with cougar hunting style, and/or corresponding to microhabitat use by deer during winter. Feeding sites were closer to roads, at lower elevations and in proximity to young and old growth forests, more than expected. These sites correspond well to studies of deer macrohabitat use.
ИННОВАЦИОННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОЙ ДИАГНОСТИКИ В ИЗУЧЕНИИ ПАТОГЕНЕЗА АТОПИЧЕСКОГО ДЕРМАТИТА
Creators: name: Юсупалиева, Г.А.
name: Хаитов, К.Н.
name: Ахралов, Ш.Ф.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Атопический дерматит (АД) - хроническое воспалительное заболевание кожи, характеризующееся изменениями в структуре кожного барьера, иммунными нарушениями и изменением сосудистой проницаемости. Несмотря на значительный прогресс в понимании патогенеза АД, диагностика и мониторинг заболевания остаются сложными задачами. В последние годы ультразвуковая диагностика (УЗИ) получила развитие как неинвазивный метод для оценки структурных и функциональных изменений кожи при АД.
On the ratios of \ion{Si}{4} lines ($λ$1394/$λ$1403) in an emerging flux region
Creators: name: Tripathi, Durgesh
name: Nived, V. N.
name: Isobe, Hiroaki
name: Doyle, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The resonance lines of \ion{Si}{4} formed at $λ$1394 and 1403 Å are the most critical for the diagnostics of the solar transition region in the observations of the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Studying the intensity ratios of these lines (1394Å/1403Å), which under optically thin condition is predicted to be two, helps us to diagnose the optical thickness of the plasma being observed. Here we study the evolution of the distribution of intensity ratios in 31 IRIS rasters recorded for four days during the emergence of an active region. We found that during the early phase of the development, the majority of the pixels show intensity ratios smaller than two. However, as the active region evolves, more and more pixels show the ratios closer to two. Besides, there are a substantial number of pixels with ratio values larger than 2. At the evolved stage of the active region, the pixels with ratios smaller than two were located on the periphery, whereas those with values larger than 2 were in the core. However, for quiet Sun regions, the obtained intensity ratios were close to two irrespective of the location on the disk. Our findings suggest that the \ion{Si}{4} lines observed in active regions are affected by the opacity during the early phase of the flux emergence. The results obtained here could have important implications for the modelling of the solar atmosphere, including the initial stage of the emergence of an active region as well as quiet Sun.
description: 22 pages, 17 figs, in press, ApJ
Cosmological Origin of Small-Scale Clumps and DM Annihilation Signal
Creators: name: Berezinsky, Veniamin
name: Dokuchaev, Vyacheslav
name: Eroshenko, Yury
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the cosmological origin of small-scale DM clumps in the hierarchical scenario with the most conservative assumption of adiabatic Gaussian fluctuations. The mass spectrum of small-scale clumps with M<10^3Msun is calculated with tidal destruction of the clumps taken into account within the hierarchical model of clump structure. Only 0.1-0.5% of small clumps survive the stage of tidal destruction in each logarithmic mass interval. The mass distribution of clumps has a cutoff at Mmin due to diffusion of DM particles out of a fluctuation and free streaming at later stage. Mmin is a model dependent quantity. In the case the neutralino DM, considered as a pure bino, Mmin~10^-8 Msun. The evolution of density profile in a DM clump does not result in the singularity because of formation of the core under influence of tidal interaction. The radius of the core is ~0.1R, where R is radius of the clump. The applications for annihilation of DM particles in the Galactic halo are studied. The number density of clumps as a function of their mass, radius and distance to the Galactic center is presented. The enhancement of annihilation signal due to clumpiness, valid for arbitrary DM particles, is calculated. In spite of small survival probability, the global annihilation signal in most cases is dominated by clumps, with major contribution given by small clumps. The enhancement due to large clumps with M>10^6 Msun is very small.
description: The new element of this paper is estimation of contribution to annihilation from large-scale clumps in comparison with small ones
Identifying the Implications of most Warming Foods: A Pilot Analysis
Creators: name: Hines, Peter
name: Zokaei, Keivan
name: Evans, Barry
name: Beale, Jo
name: Miele, Mara
name: Cole, Matthew A.
name: Hines, Peter
name: Zokaei, Keivan
name: Evans, Barry
name: Beale, Jo
name: Miele, Mara
name: Cole, Matthew A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Industrial Organization

description: The new found popular interest in sustainable development is highly skewed towards areas that are politically visible, such as transport and in particular the evils of air travel. This situation is mirrored in the academic community with an explosion of articles on sustainable transport (an EBSCO web search yielded 552 academic references to Sustainable Transport while for example Sustainable Livestock only found less than 10% of that number1). Nonetheless, only 14% of GHG’s actually result from transport, with as little as 2% coming from aviation, against 32% resulting from agriculture and land use – a major part of which can be directly attributed to the food chain (Stern, 2006). Moreover within the food system, certain areas such as livestock production are particularly problematic with meat and dairy products contributing more than 50% of the total GHG’s emitted (Kramer et al, 1999). Another recent study in the UK shows that GHG emissions attributable to meat and dairy consumption are about 4 times more than the GHG emissions generated from fruit and vegetable consumption (Garnett, 2007).
Robust Higher-Order Hamiltonian Engineering for Quantum Sensing with Strongly Interacting Systems
Creators: name: Zhou, Hengyun
name: Martin, Leigh S.
name: Tyler, Matthew
name: Makarova, Oksana
name: Leitao, Nathaniel
name: Park, Hongkun
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical decoupling techniques constitute an integral part of many quantum sensing platforms, often leading to orders-of-magnitude improvements in coherence time and sensitivity. Most AC sensing sequences involve a periodic echo-like structure, in which the target signal is synchronized with the echo period. We show that for strongly interacting systems, this construction leads to a fundamental sensitivity limit associated with imperfect interaction decoupling. We present a simple physical picture demonstrating the origin of this limitation, and further formalize these considerations in terms of concise higher-order decoupling rules. We then show how these limitations can be surpassed by identifying a novel sequence building block, in which the signal period matches twice the echo period. Using these decoupling rules and the resulting sequence building block, we experimentally demonstrate significant improvements in dynamical decoupling timescales and magnetic field sensitivity, opening the door for new applications in quantum sensing and quantum many-body physics.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, see accompanying paper "Higher-Order Methods for Hamiltonian Engineering Pulse Sequence Design" for details on Hamiltonian engineering techniques
Higher-Order Methods for Hamiltonian Engineering Pulse Sequence Design
Creators: name: Tyler, Matthew
name: Zhou, Hengyun
name: Martin, Leigh S.
name: Leitao, Nathaniel
name: Lukin, Mikhail D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a framework for designing Hamiltonian engineering pulse sequences that systematically accounts for the effects of higher-order contributions to the Floquet-Magnus expansion. Our techniques result in simple, intuitive decoupling rules, despite the higher-order contributions naively involving complicated, non-local-in-time commutators. We illustrate how these rules can be used to efficiently design improved Hamiltonian engineering pulse sequences for a wide variety of tasks, such as dynamical decoupling, quantum sensing, and quantum simulation.
description: 12+10 pages, 6 figures, see accompanying paper "Robust Higher-Order Hamiltonian Engineering for Quantum Sensing with Strongly Interacting Systems" for application of these techniques to quantum sensing
Macroscopic Quantum Superpositions via Dynamics in a Wide Double-Well Potential
Creators: name: Roda-Llordes, Marc
name: Riera-Campeny, Andreu
name: Candoli, Davide
name: Grochowski, Piotr T.
name: Romero-Isart, Oriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental proposal for the rapid preparation of the center of mass of a levitated particle in a macroscopic quantum state, that is a state delocalized over a length scale much larger than its zero-point motion and that has no classical analog. This state is prepared by letting the particle evolve in a static double-well potential after a sudden switchoff of the harmonic trap, following initial center-of-mass cooling to a sufficiently pure quantum state. We provide a thorough analysis of the noise and decoherence that is relevant to current experiments with levitated nano- and microparticles. In this context, we highlight the possibility of using two particles, one evolving in each potential well, to mitigate the impact of collective sources of noise and decoherence. The generality and scalability of our proposal make it suitable for implementation with a wide range of systems, including single atoms, ions, and Bose-Einstein condensates. Our results have the potential to enable the generation of macroscopic quantum states at unprecedented scales of length and mass, thereby paving the way for experimental exploration of the gravitational field generated by a source mass in a delocalized quantum state.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table
The Completed SDSS-IV Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: N-body Mock Challenge for the Quasar Sample
Creators: name: Smith, Alex
name: Burtin, Etienne
name: Hou, Jiamin
name: Neveux, Richard
name: Ross, Ashley J.
name: Alam, Shadab
name: Brinkmann, Jonathan
name: Dawson, Kyle S.
name: Habib, Salman
name: Heitmann, Katrin
name: Kneib, Jean-Paul
name: Lyke, Brad W.
name: Bourboux, Hélion du Mas des
name: Mueller, Eva-Maria
name: Myers, Adam D.
name: Percival, Will J.
name: Rossi, Graziano
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Zarrouk, Pauline
name: Zhao, Gong-Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The growth rate and expansion history of the Universe can be measured from large galaxy redshift surveys using the Alcock-Paczynski effect. We validate the Redshift Space Distortion models used in the final analysis of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) Data Release 16 quasar clustering sample, in configuration and Fourier space, using a series of HOD mock catalogues generated using the OuterRim N-body simulation. We test three models on a series of non-blind mocks, in the OuterRim cosmology, and blind mocks, which have been rescaled to new cosmologies, and investigate the effects of redshift smearing and catastrophic redshifts. We find that for the non-blind mocks, the models are able to recover $fσ_8$ to within 3% and $α_\parallel$ and $α_\bot$ to within 1%. The scatter in the measurements is larger for the blind mocks, due to the assumption of an incorrect fiducial cosmology. From this mock challenge, we find that all three models perform well, with similar systematic errors on $fσ_8$, $α_\parallel$ and $α_\bot$ at the level of $σ_{fσ_8}=0.013$, $σ_{α_\parallel}=0.012$ and $σ_{α_\bot}=0.008$. The systematic error on the combined consensus is $σ_{fσ_8}=0.011$, $σ_{α_\parallel}=0.008$ and $σ_{α_\bot}=0.005$, which is used in the final DR16 analysis. For BAO fits in configuration and Fourier space, we take conservative systematic errors of $σ_{α_\parallel}=0.010$ and $σ_{α_\bot}=0.007$.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures, 8 tables, updated to match the version accepted for publication in MNRAS. A summary of all SDSS BAO and RSD measurements with accompanying legacy figures can be found here: https://sdss.org/science/final-bao-and-rsd-measurements/. The full cosmological interpretation of these measurements can be found here: https://sdss.org/science/cosmology-results-from-eboss/
Additional file 2 of Methylation data imputation performances under different representations and missingness patterns
Creators: name: Lena, Pietro Di
name: Sala, Claudia
name: Prodi, Andrea
name: Nardini, Christine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 2 Dataset statistics.
Sympathetic cooling route to Bose-Einstein condensate and Fermi-liquid mixtures
Creators: name: Cote`, Robin
name: Onofrio, Roberto
name: Timmermans, Eddy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a sympathetic cooling strategy that can successfully mitigate fermion-hole heating in a dilute atomic Fermi-Bose mixture and access the temperature regime in which the fermions behave as a Fermi liquid. We introduce an energy-based formalism to describe the temperature dynamics with which we study a specific and promising mixture composed of 6Li and 87Rb. Analyzing the harmonically trapped mixture, we find that the favourable features of this mixture are further enhanced by using different trapping frequencies for the two species.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
BOKSCHI TALABA QIZLAR TAYYORGARLIGI TIZIMINING AMALIY JIHATLARI
Creators: name: Abdullayev, Kobiljon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada boksni o‘rgatishda ta’lim muassasalari va trenerlarning o‘rni, shuningdek, trening jarayonini samarali tashkil etishning muhim jihatlarini ham yoritadi. Maqola talaba qizlarining jismoniy tayyorgarlik tizimini shakllantirishda ilmiy va amaliy jihatlarni o‘zaro uyg‘unlashtirishni ta’minlashga qaratilgan bo‘lib, boksning yoshlar uchun nafaqat sport, balki ijtimoiy rivojlanish vositasi sifatida xizmat qilishiga urg‘u beradi.
Additional file 3 of Methylation data imputation performances under different representations and missingness patterns
Creators: name: Lena, Pietro Di
name: Sala, Claudia
name: Prodi, Andrea
name: Nardini, Christine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 3 Performance comparison between complete (450k) and restricted (21k) datasets.
The confrontation of the shock-powered synchrotron maser model with the Galactic FRB 200428
Creators: name: Yu, Yun-Wei
name: Zou, Yuan-Chuan
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
name: Yu, Wen-Fei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The association of FRB 200428 with an X-ray burst (XRB) from the Galactic magnetar SGR 1935+2154 offers important implications for the physical processes responsible for the fast radio burst (FRB) phenomena. By assuming that the XRB emission is produced in the magnetosphere, we investigate the possibility that the FRB emission is produced by shock-powered synchrotron maser (SM), which is phenomenologically described with a plenty of free parameters. The observational constraints on the model parameters indicate that the model can in principle be consistent with the FRB 200428 observations, if the ejecta lunched by magnetar activities can have appropriate ingredients and structures and the shock processes occur on the line of sight. To be specific, a complete burst ejecta should consist of an ultra-relativistic and extremely highly collimated $e^{\pm}$ component and a sub-relativistic and wide-spreading baryonic component. The internal shocks producing the FRB emission arise from a collision between the $e^{\pm}$ ejecta and the remnant of a previous baryonic ejecta at the same direction. The parameter constraints are still dependent on the uncertain spectrum and efficiency of the SM emission. While the spectrum is tentatively described by a spectral index of $-2$, we estimate the emission efficiency to be around $10^{-4}$ by requiring that the synchrotron emission of the shocked material cannot be much brighter than the magnetosphere XRB emission.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, 1 table
Boundary String Field Theory as a Field Theory -- Mass Spectrum and Interaction
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Koji
name: Terashima, Seiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the BSFT actions by using an analytic continuation in momentum space. We compute various two- and three- point functions for some low-lying excitations including massive states on BPS/non-BPS D-branes. The off-shell two-point functions for the tachyon, the gauge field and the massive fields are found to reproduce the well-known string mass-shell conditions. We compare our action with the tachyon actions previously obtained by the derivative expansion (or the linear tachyon profiles), and find complete agreement. Furthermore, we reproduce the correct on-shell value of the tachyon-tachyon-gauge three-point function on brane-anti-brane systems. Though inclusion of the massive modes has been thought difficult because of the non-renormalizability in string sigma models, we overcome this by adopting general off-shell momenta and the analytic continuation.
description: 39 pages, 1 eps figure, JHEP style, typos corrected
Additional file 1 of An agent-based model of prostate Cancer bone metastasis progression and response to Radium223
Creators: name: Casarin, Stefano
name: Dondossola, Eleonora
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1 Fig. S1 Agent-based model fundamental unit (Garbey et al., 2015). Fig. S2 Cell-free tumor-bone margin dynamics: an arbitrary portion of bone (a) is homed by a tumor cell (b), which digests the surrounding neighbors (c). In case of cell mitosis (d), the newborn cell digests the surrounding bone cells (e). In case of apoptosis (f), the cell vacates the site that remains part of the margin. Fig. S3 Identification of the target cell for edge smoothing subroutine.
Strongly interacting matter exhibits deconfined behavior in massive neutron stars
Creators: name: Annala, Eemeli
name: Gorda, Tyler
name: Hirvonen, Joonas
name: Komoltsev, Oleg
name: Kurkela, Aleksi
name: Nättilä, Joonas
name: Vuorinen, Aleksi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron-star cores contain matter at the highest densities in our Universe. This highly compressed matter may undergo a phase transition where nuclear matter melts into deconfined quark matter, liberating its constituent quarks and gluons. Quark matter exhibits an approximate conformal symmetry, predicting a specific form for its equation of state (EoS), but it is currently unknown whether the transition takes place inside at least some physical neutron stars. Here, we quantify this likelihood by combining information from astrophysical observations and theoretical calculations. Using Bayesian inference, we demonstrate that in the cores of maximally massive stars, the EoS is consistent with quark matter. We do this by establishing approximate conformal symmetry restoration with high credence at the highest densities probed and demonstrating that the number of active degrees of freedom is consistent with deconfined matter. The remaining likelihood is observed to correspond to EoSs exhibiting phase-transition-like behavior, treated as arbitrarily rapid crossovers in our framework.
description: Version 2: the published version. 18 pages, 8 figs
Winding String Condensation and Noncommutative Deformation of Spacelike Singularity
Creators: name: She, Jian-Huang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper (hep-th/0509067) using matrix model, we showed that closed string tachyons can resolve spacelike singularity in one particular class of Misner space (with anti-periodic boundary conditions for fermions around the spatial circle). In this note, we show that for Misner space without closed string tachyons, there also exists a mechanism to resolve the singularity in the context of the matrix model, namely cosmological winding string production. We show that here space and time also become noncommutative due to these winding strings. Employing optical theorem, we study the bulk boundary coupling by calculating the four-open-string cylinder amplitudes.
description: 16 pages, no figures, harvmac; references added; added a section of discussion on disk and cylinder amplitudes
Rational Solutions of the Fifth Painlevé Equation. Generalised Laguerre Polynomials
Creators: name: Clarkson, Peter A.
name: Dunning, Clare
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper rational solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation are discussed. There are two classes of rational solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation, one expressed in terms of the generalised Laguerre polynomials, which are the main subject of this paper, and the other in terms of the generalised Umemura polynomials. Both the generalised Laguerre polynomials and the generalised Umemura polynomials can be expressed as Wronskians of Laguerre polynomials specified in terms of specific families of partitions. The properties of the generalised Laguerre polynomials are determined and various differential-difference and discrete equations found. The rational solutions of the fifth Painlevé equation, the associated $σ$-equation and the symmetric fifth Painlevé system are expressed in terms of generalised Laguerre polynomials. Non-uniqueness of the solutions in special cases is established and some applications are considered. In the second part of the paper, the structure of the roots of the polynomials are investigated for all values of the parameter. Interesting transitions between root structures through coalescences at the origin are discovered, with the allowed behaviours controlled by hook data associated with the partition. The discriminants of the generalised Laguerre polynomials are found and also shown to be expressible in terms of partition data. Explicit expressions for the coefficients of a general Wronskian Laguerre polynomial defined in terms of a single partition are given.
description: 44 pages, 22 figures
Myocardial apoptosis in acute diabetes : role of lipotoxicity and oxidative stress
Creators: name: Ghosh, Sanjoy
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The general objective of this thesis was to examine the role of lipotoxicity and oxidative stress under control or high fat fed conditions in acute STZ diabetes. In the lipotoxicity study, we examined the impact of dietary manipulation of palmitic acid on rat cardiomyocyte apoptosis under hyperglycemic conditions in vivo. Feeding palm oil (PO) or sunflower oil (isocaloric control; SO) for 4 weeks induced hyperinsulinemia, with a moderate rise in serum glucose. PO magnified the palmitic acid whereas SO enhanced the linoleic and docosahexaenoic acid content within lipoproteins and heart. Following streptozotocin induced diabetes, total cardiac free fatty ac id (FFA) and palmitic acid remained unchanged in PO rats despite a dramatic increase in serum FFA, and may reflect the activation of compensatory mechanisms that limit excessive accumulation of FFA in the heart. Indeed, lipoprotein lipase activity at the coronary lumen declined in high fat fed diabetic rats. Additional imposition of diabetes in PO animals resulted in the highest level of myocardial apoptosis and lipid peroxidation. Although SO decreased cardiac glutathione maximally following diabetes, lipid peroxidation remained unaltered. Our data suggest that although PO increases cardiac apoptosis, SO with its glutathione lowering and potential enhancement of fatty acid metabolites could also exert detrimental effects on the diabetic heart. In the GSH study, we examined the regulation of GSH and its role in apoptosis and oxidative stress in the acutely diabetic rat heart. Acute diabetes induced changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased production of free radicals. Additionally, the role of cytosolic or mitochondrial GSH and its effects on oxidative stress and apoptosis in the acutely diabetic heart was investigated. Although myocardial GSH levels were not altered in diabetes, increasing GSH levels by ~2 fold by exogenous supplementation attenuated the oxidative damage and apoptosis. Thus although total myocardial levels of GSH were unaltered, mitochondrial GSH, that controls both lipid peroxidation and apoptosis may have decreased following diabetes and was reversed by exogenous GSH. To test this hypothesis, we depleted either cytosolic GSH with L-buthionine-[S,R]-sulfoximine (BSO, 4 mmol/kg; 3 days) or /and mitochondrial GSH with diethyl maleate (DEM, 4 mmol/kg; 3 days) following diabetes. Only DEM+BSO treatment augmented the oxidative stress and apoptosis. In conclusion, the oxidative stress and the resultant apoptosis demonstrated in the diabetic heart may probably occur as a consequence of depletion of mitochondrial GSH that can be reversed with exogenous supplementation of GSH.
Reducing the Variance of Redshift Space Distortion Measurements from Mock Galaxy Catalogues with Different Lines of Sight
Creators: name: Smith, Alex
name: de Mattia, Arnaud
name: Burtin, Etienne
name: Chuang, Chia-Hsun
name: Zhao, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate mock catalogues are essential for assessing systematics in the cosmological analysis of large galaxy surveys. Anisotropic two-point clustering measurements from the same simulation show some scatter for different lines of sight (LOS), but are on average equal, due to cosmic variance. This results in scatter in the measured cosmological parameters. We use the OuterRim N-body simulation halo catalogue to investigate this, considering the 3 simulation axes as LOS. The quadrupole of the 2-point statistics is particularly sensitive to changes in the LOS, with sub-percent level differences in the velocity distributions resulting in ~1.5$σ$ shifts on large scales. Averaging over multiple LOS can reduce the impact of cosmic variance. We derive an expression for the Gaussian cross-covariance between the power spectrum multipole measurements, for any two LOS, including shot noise, and the corresponding reduction in variance in the average measurement. Quadrupole measurements are anti-correlated, and for three orthogonal LOS, the variance on the average measurement is reduced by more than 1/3. We perform a Fisher analysis to predict the corresponding gain in precision on the cosmological parameter measurements, which we compare against a set of 300 extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS) emission line galaxy (ELG) EZmocks. The gain in $fσ_8$, which measures the growth of structure, is also better than 1/3. Averaging over multiple LOS in future mock challenges will allow the RSD models to be constrained with the same systematic error, with less than 3 times the CPU time.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, updated to match the version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Methylation data imputation performances under different representations and missingness patterns
Creators: name: Lena, Pietro Di
name: Sala, Claudia
name: Prodi, Andrea
name: Nardini, Christine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 1 Detailed imputation results per dataset.
An integrated simulation model to evaluate national policies for the abatement of agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea
Creators: name: Hyytiainen, Kari
name: Ahtiainen, Heini
name: Heikkila, Jaakko
name: Helin, Janne
name: Huhtala, Anni
name: Iho, Antti
name: Koikkalainen, Kauko
name: Miettinen, Antti
name: Pouta, Eija
name: Vesterinen, Janne
name: Hyytiainen, Kari
name: Ahtiainen, Heini
name: Heikkila, Jaakko
name: Helin, Janne
name: Huhtala, Anni
name: Iho, Antti
name: Koikkalainen, Kauko
name: Miettinen, Antti
name: Pouta, Eija
name: Vesterinen, Janne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: ecosystem services
subject: nutrient abatement
subject: Monte Carlo simulation
subject: recreation
subject: valuation

description: This study introduces a prototype model for evaluating policies to abate agricultural nutrients in the Baltic Sea from a Finnish national point of view. The stochastic simulation model integrates nutrient dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in the sea basins adjoining the Finnish coast, nutrient loads from land and other sources, benefits from nutrient abatement (in the form of recreation and other ecosystem services) and the costs of agricultural abatement activities. The aim of this study is to present the overall structure of the model and to demonstrate its potential using preliminary parameters. The model is made flexible for further improvements in all of its ecological and economic components. Results of a sensitivity analysis suggest that investments in reducing the nutrient runoff from arable land in Finland would become profitable only if Finland’s neighbors in the northern Baltic committed themselves to similar reductions. Environmental investments for improving water quality yield the highest returns for the Bothnian Bay and the Gulf of Finland, and smaller returns for the Bothnian Sea. In the Bothnian Bay, the abatement activities become profitable because the riverine loads from Finland represent a high proportion of the total nutrient loads. In the Gulf of Finland, this proportion is low, but the size of the coastal population benefiting from improved water quality is high.
An upper limit to the masses of stars
Creators: name: Figer, Donald F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is no accepted upper mass limit for stars. Such a basic quantity escapes both theory, because of incomplete understanding of star formation, and observation, because of incompleteness in surveying the Galaxy. The Arches cluster is ideal for such a test, being massive enough to expect stars at least as massive as 400 solar masses, and young enough for its most massive members to still be visible. It is old enough to be free of its natal molecular cloud, and close enough, and at a well-established distance, for us to discern its individual stars. Here I report an absence of stars with initial masses greater than 130 M_Sun in the Arches cluster, where the typical mass function predicts 18. I conclude that this indicates a firm limit of 150 M_Sun for stars as the probability that the observations are consistent with no limit is 10^-8.
description: To appear in Nature, March 10, 2005, Vol. 34, No. 7030, 192 (ST ScI Eprint #1645). More files can be found at http://www.stsci.edu/~figer
Stakeholder involvement in water management using Object-oriented Bayesian networks and economic models in Spain.
Creators: name: Carmona, Gema
name: Varela-Ortega, Consuelo
name: Bromley, John
name: Carmona, Gema
name: Varela-Ortega, Consuelo
name: Bromley, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Bayesian networks
subject: groundwater management
subject: stakeholder participation

description: The Upper Guadiana basin, in Spain, presents important conflicts between the agricultural sector and the environment due to their competence for water resources. The high development of irrigation has led to the over-exploitation of the aquifers, which are the main source of water in the area, and to the loss of wetlands of high ecological value. The River Basin Authority (RBA) has recently designed a new water management plan which included a group of measures aimed at reducing water consumption. Our objective is the development, with the active participation of the stakeholders, of a decision support system composed of an economic model and an object-oriented Bayesian network, used to evaluate the trade-off between agricultural economy and the environment that the different water management measures would have at different scales. Results obtained show that attaining a reasonable probability to recover the aquifer level requires, at the same time, a high enforcement capacity of the RBA to make farmers comply with water restrictions and a high price paid by the RBA for the irrigation rights. Compliance with water restrictions leads, however, to certain losses in farm income, especially in small vineyard farms, unless additional measures are taken to compensate those potential losses.
Economic Efficiency of Smallholder Irish Potato Producers in Kenya: A Case of Nyandarua North District
Creators: name: Nyagaka, Daniel
name: Obare, Gideon A.
name: Nguyo, Wilson
name: Nyagaka, Daniel
name: Obare, Gideon A.
name: Nguyo, Wilson
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Efficiency
subject: productivity
subject: stochastic frontier functions
subject: Kenya

description: With declining Irish potato production trends in Kenya this paper identifies and analyses factors that influence the economic efficiency of smallholder Irish potato producers in Kenya by drawing on data from random sample of 130 smallholder farmers from Nyandarua North district. A dual stochastic parametric decomposition technique is used to disaggregate economic efficiency components and a two-limit Tobit model is used to derive efficiency indices as a function of a vector of socio-economic characteristics and institutional factors. Empirical results show decreasing returns to scale in production. The mean economic efficiency is 0.39 with a range of 0.12 - 0.66. Education, access to extension, access to credit and membership in a farmers association positively and significantly influence economic efficiency. Innovative institutional arrangements that enhance extension and farmer training, accompanied with improved access to credit is likely to enhance potato production efficiency.
Critical Sampling for Robust Evolution Operator Learning of Unknown Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Zhang, Ce
name: Wu, Kailiang
name: He, Zhihai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given an unknown dynamical system, what is the minimum number of samples needed for effective learning of its governing laws and accurate prediction of its future evolution behavior, and how to select these critical samples? In this work, we propose to explore this problem based on a design approach. Starting from a small initial set of samples, we adaptively discover critical samples to achieve increasingly accurate learning of the system evolution. One central challenge here is that we do not know the network modeling error since the ground-truth system state is unknown, which is however needed for critical sampling. To address this challenge, we introduce a multi-step reciprocal prediction network where forward and backward evolution networks are designed to learn the temporal evolution behavior in the forward and backward time directions, respectively. Very interestingly, we find that the desired network modeling error is highly correlated with the multi-step reciprocal prediction error, which can be directly computed from the current system state. This allows us to perform a dynamic selection of critical samples from regions with high network modeling errors for dynamical systems. Additionally, a joint spatial-temporal evolution network is introduced which incorporates spatial dynamics modeling into the temporal evolution prediction for robust learning of the system evolution operator with few samples. Our extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is able to dramatically reduce the number of samples needed for effective learning and accurate prediction of evolution behaviors of unknown dynamical systems by up to hundreds of times.
description: Accepted by IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence (IEEE TAI)
Discovering Exotic AGN behind the Magellanic Clouds
Creators: name: Pennock, Clara M.
name: van Loon, Jacco Th.
name: Bell, Cameron
name: Filipović, Miroslav
name: Joseph, Tana
name: Vardoulaki, Eleni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nearby Magellanic Clouds system covers more than 200 square degrees on the sky. Much of it has been mapped across the electromagnetic spectrum at high angular resolution and sensitivity X-ray (XMM-Newton), UV (UVIT), optical (SMASH), IR (VISTA, WISE, Spitzer, Herschel), radio (ATCA, ASKAP, MeerKAT). This provides us with an excellent dataset to explore the galaxy populations behind the stellar-rich Magellanic Clouds. We seek to identify and characterise AGN via machine learning algorithms on this exquisite data set. Our project focuses not on establishing sequences and distributions of common types of galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN), but seeks to identify extreme examples, building on the recent accidental discoveries of unique AGN behind the Magellanic Clouds.
description: Proceedings paper of the IAU symposium "Nuclear Activity in Galaxies Across Cosmic Time" (Ethiopia) accepted to be published under the Cambridge University Press, eds. M. Povic, P. Marziani, J. Masegosa, H. Netzer, S. H. Negu, and S. B. Tessema
BOKSCHI TALABA QIZLAR JISMONIY TAYYORGARLIGI
Creators: name: Abdullayev, Kobiljon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Ushbu maqolada bokschi talaba qizlarning jismoniy tayyorgarlik tizimi, uning nazariy asoslari va amaliy jihatlari o‘rganiladi. Maqola boks sportining talaba yoshidagi qizlar uchun ahamiyatini va uning jismoniy, psixologik hamda intellektual rivojlanishga qanday ta’sir ko‘rsatishini tahlil qiladi. Jismoniy tayyorgarlikning kuch, tezlik, chidamlilik va koordinatsiya kabi asosiy komponentlari, shuningdek, boksni o‘rgatish jarayonida qo‘llaniladigan metodlar batafsil ko‘rib chiqilgan. Talaba qizlarning boks orqali nafaqat jismoniy salomatliklarini yaxshilash, balki ruhiy barqarorlik va o‘ziga bo‘lgan ishonchni oshirishda qanday ijobiy natijalarga erishishlari mumkinligi ta’kidlanadi.
Bridging RL Theory and Practice with the Effective Horizon
Creators: name: Laidlaw, Cassidy
name: Russell, Stuart
name: Dragan, Anca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep reinforcement learning (RL) works impressively in some environments and fails catastrophically in others. Ideally, RL theory should be able to provide an understanding of why this is, i.e. bounds predictive of practical performance. Unfortunately, current theory does not quite have this ability. We compare standard deep RL algorithms to prior sample complexity bounds by introducing a new dataset, BRIDGE. It consists of 155 deterministic MDPs from common deep RL benchmarks, along with their corresponding tabular representations, which enables us to exactly compute instance-dependent bounds. We choose to focus on deterministic environments because they share many interesting properties of stochastic environments, but are easier to analyze. Using BRIDGE, we find that prior bounds do not correlate well with when deep RL succeeds vs. fails, but discover a surprising property that does. When actions with the highest Q-values under the random policy also have the highest Q-values under the optimal policy (i.e. when it is optimal to be greedy on the random policy's Q function), deep RL tends to succeed; when they don't, deep RL tends to fail. We generalize this property into a new complexity measure of an MDP that we call the effective horizon, which roughly corresponds to how many steps of lookahead search would be needed in that MDP in order to identify the next optimal action, when leaf nodes are evaluated with random rollouts. Using BRIDGE, we show that the effective horizon-based bounds are more closely reflective of the empirical performance of PPO and DQN than prior sample complexity bounds across four metrics. We also find that, unlike existing bounds, the effective horizon can predict the effects of using reward shaping or a pre-trained exploration policy. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/cassidylaidlaw/effective-horizon
Multi-Temperature Blackbody Spectra of Thin Accretion Disks With and Without a Zero-Torque Inner Boundary Condition
Creators: name: Zimmerman, E. R.
name: Narayan, R.
name: McClintock, J. E.
name: Miller, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The standard spectral model for analyzing the soft component of thermal emission from a thin accretion disk around a black hole is the multi-temperature blackbody (MTB) model. The widely used implementation of this model, which is known as ``diskbb,'' assumes nonzero torque at the inner edge of the accretion disk. This assumption is contrary to the classic and current literature on thin-disk accretion, which advocates the use of a zero-torque boundary condition. Consequently, we have written code for a zero-torque model, ``ezdiskbb,'' which we compare to the nonzero-torque model diskbb by fitting RXTE spectra of three well-known black hole binaries: 4U 1543-47, XTE J1550-564, and GRO J1655-40. The chief difference we find is that the zero-torque model gives a value for the inner disk radius that is about 2.2 times smaller than the value given by diskbb. This result has important implications, especially for the determination of black-hole angular momentum and mass accretion rate.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures, submitted to ApJ
Vison crystals, chiral and crystalline phases in the Yao-Lee model
Creators: name: Akram, Muhammad
name: Nica, Emilian Marius
name: Lu, Yuan-Ming
name: Erten, Onur
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of the Yao-Lee model with Kitaev-type spin-orbital interactions in the presence of Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and external magnetic fields. Unlike the Kitaev model, the Yao-Lee model can still be solved exactly under these perturbations due to the enlarged local Hilbert space. Through a variational analysis, we obtain a rich ground state phase diagram that consists of a variety of vison crystals with periodic arrangements of background Z2 flux (i.e. visons). With an out-of-plane magnetic field, these phases have gapped bulk and chiral edge states, characterized by a Chern number ν and an associated chiral central charge c_{-} = ν/2 of edge states. We also find helical Majorana edge states that are protected by magnetic mirror symmetry. Our results spotlight the tunability and the accompanying rich physics in exactly-solvable spin-orbital generalizations of the Kitaev model.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
The Effect of Infrastructure Access and Quality on Non-farm Employment and Income in Rural Indonesia
Creators: name: Olivia, Susan
name: Gibson, John
name: Olivia, Susan
name: Gibson, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: Infrastructure
subject: Non-farm employment
subject: Indonesia

description: There is growing interest in the rural non-farm sector in developing countries as a contributor to economic growth, employment generation, livelihood diversification and poverty reduction. Access to infrastructure is identified in some studies as a factor that affects non-farm rural employment and income but less attention has been paid to the constraints imposed by poor quality infrastructure. In this paper we use data from 4000 households in rural Indonesia to show that the quality of two key types of infrastructure – roads and electricity – affects both employment in and income from non-farm enterprises. It appears that there would be gains from development strategies that improve both the access to and the quality of rural infrastructure.