cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Provincial Intra-Action Review of the COVID-19 Vaccination Programme: Opportunities to Improve Vaccine Response in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Creators: name: Dahlke, Melissa
name: Mwina-Ngoie, Crispin Kazadi
name: Standley, Claire J
name: Perry, Robert T
name: Doshi, Reena H
name: Luce, Richard R
name: Stolka, Kristen B
name: Kasendue, Charlie K
name: Aimé, Cikomola Mwana Wa Bene
name: Mustafa, Stephane Hans Bateyi
name: Aksnes, Brooke Noel
name: Nzaji, Michel Kabamba
name: Meyou, Shanice Fezeu
name: Kapit, Anselme Manyong
name: MacDonald, Pia D M
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024

description: Background: Low levels of COVID-19 vaccination coverage in many countries prompted the use of rapid assessments to characterize barriers to vaccination and identify corrective measures. The World Health Organization recommended the use of intra-action reviews (IARs) to identify best practices, gaps, and lessons learned to make real-time improvements to the COVID-19 vaccination response.
Objective: The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) implemented a national IAR in July 2021 that was poorly attended by the provincial health level, where vaccination activities are planned and implemented. To bridge this gap, we proposed sub-national IARs focused on COVID-19 vaccine program implementation at the provincial level.
Methods: Using the WHO methodology, we organized a four-day provincial IAR workshop and invited national, provincial and health zone Ministry of Health (MoH) representatives and private and non-governmental organizations involved in the provincial COVID-19 vaccination response. Participants were divided into six groups based on their expertise, affiliation, and role within the health system to assess and identify lessons learned, challenges and the solutions within each of the six technical areas: (1) coordination, planning and monitoring; (2) service delivery; (3) risk communication and community engagement; (4) adverse effects following immunization (AEFI); (5) logistics; (6) and data management, monitoring and evaluation.
Results: The first provincial COVID-19 IAR was conducted in Goma, North Kivu, from January 19-22, 2022. A total of 56 participants came from provincial and health zone offices, and non-governmental organizations. Through work group discussions, they identified best practices, challenges, and lessons learned, and made recommendations to improve implementation of vaccination activities and reach coverage targets. Activities were proposed to operationalize recommendations and address challenges to improve the provincial response.
Conclusion: This provincial IAR was a useful tool for reviewing progress and areas of improvement, while evaluating aspects of the COVID-19 vaccine rollout. It provided a means to share information with vaccination partners on areas of intervention, tailored to the local context.
Probabilistically Robust Recourse: Navigating the Trade-offs between Costs and Robustness in Algorithmic Recourse
Creators: name: Pawelczyk, Martin
name: Datta, Teresa
name: van-den-Heuvel, Johannes
name: Kasneci, Gjergji
name: Lakkaraju, Himabindu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As machine learning models are increasingly being employed to make consequential decisions in real-world settings, it becomes critical to ensure that individuals who are adversely impacted (e.g., loan denied) by the predictions of these models are provided with a means for recourse. While several approaches have been proposed to construct recourses for affected individuals, the recourses output by these methods either achieve low costs (i.e., ease-of-implementation) or robustness to small perturbations (i.e., noisy implementations of recourses), but not both due to the inherent trade-offs between the recourse costs and robustness. Furthermore, prior approaches do not provide end users with any agency over navigating the aforementioned trade-offs. In this work, we address the above challenges by proposing the first algorithmic framework which enables users to effectively manage the recourse cost vs. robustness trade-offs. More specifically, our framework Probabilistically ROBust rEcourse (\texttt{PROBE}) lets users choose the probability with which a recourse could get invalidated (recourse invalidation rate) if small changes are made to the recourse i.e., the recourse is implemented somewhat noisily. To this end, we propose a novel objective function which simultaneously minimizes the gap between the achieved (resulting) and desired recourse invalidation rates, minimizes recourse costs, and also ensures that the resulting recourse achieves a positive model prediction. We develop novel theoretical results to characterize the recourse invalidation rates corresponding to any given instance w.r.t. different classes of underlying models (e.g., linear models, tree based models etc.), and leverage these results to efficiently optimize the proposed objective. Experimental evaluation with multiple real world datasets demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed framework.
description: ICLR 2023, camera ready version
First spectral emissivity study of a solar selective coating in the 150 to 600 C temperature range
Creators: name: Setien-Fernández, Iñigo
name: Echániz, Telmo
name: González-Fernández, Luis
name: Pérez-Sáez, Raúl Benjamín
name: Céspedes, Eva
name: Sánchez-García, Jose Ángel
name: Álvarez-Fraga, Leo
name: Galindo, Ramón Escobar
name: Albella, José María
name: Prieto, Carlos
name: Tello, MJ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A complete experimental study of temperature dependence of the total spectral emissivity has been performed, for the first time, for absorber reflector selective coatings used in concentrated solar power (CSP) systems for energy harvesting. The coating consist of double cermet layers of silicon oxide with different amounts of molybdenum over a silver infrared mirror layer. The experimental measurements were carried out by a high accurate radiometer (HAIRL) with controlled atmosphere in the mid-infrared and for temperatures between 150 and 600 C. The spectral emissivity is nearly constant in this temperature range. Therefore, the temperature dependence of the total emissivity is given by Planck function. These results were compared with those obtained with the usual calculus using room temperature reflectance spectrum. Finally, the performance of the coating was analyzed by comparison of coated respect to non-coated stainless steel.
description: 6 pages, 10 figures
D-brane Instantons as Gauge Instantons in Orientifolds of Chiral Quiver Theories
Creators: name: Franco, Sebastian
name: Retolaza, Ander
name: Uranga, Angel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Systems of D3-branes at orientifold singularities can receive non-perturbative D-brane instanton corrections, inducing field theory operators in the 4d effective theory. In certain non-chiral examples, these systems have been realized as the infrared endpoint of a Seiberg duality cascade, in which the D-brane instanton effects arise from strong gauge theory dynamics. We present the first UV duality cascade completion of chiral D3-brane theories, in which the D-brane instantons arise from gauge theory dynamics. Chiral examples are interesting because the instanton fermion zero mode sector is topologically protected, and therefore lead to more robust setups. As an application of our results, we provide a UV completion of certain D-brane orientifold systems recently claimed to produce conformal field theories with conformal invariance broken only by D-brane instantons.
description: 50 pages, 32 figures. v2: version published in JHEP with references added
A tale of two velocities: Threading vs Slicing
Creators: name: Gharechahi, R.
name: Nouri-Zonoz, M.
name: Tavanfar, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two principal definitions of a 3-velocity assigned to a test particle following timelike trajectories in stationary spacetimes are introduced and analyzed systematically. These definitions are based on the $1+3$ (threading) and $3+1$ (slicing) spacetime decomposition formalisms and defined relative to two different sets of observers. After showing that Synge's definition of spatial distance and 3-velocity are equivalent to those defined in the $1+3$ (threading) formalism, we exemplify differences between the two definitions, by calculating them for particles in circular orbits in axially symmetric stationary spacetimes. Illustrating its geometric nature, the relative linear velocity between the corresponding observers is obtained in terms of the spacetime metric components. Circular particle orbits in the Kerr spacetime, as the prototype and the most well known of stationary spacetimes, are examined with respect to these definitions to highlight their observer-dependent nature. We also examine the Kerr-NUT spacetime in which the NUT parameter contributing to the off-diagonal terms in the metric is mainly interpreted not as a rotation parameter but as a gravitomagnetic monopole charge. Finally, in a specific astrophysical setup which includes rotating black holes, it is shown how these local definitions are related to the velocity measurements made by distant observers using spectral line shifts.
description: 24 Pages,7 figures, 2 sections are added in this new version
SN 2016iyc: A Type IIb supernova arising from a low-mass progenitor
Creators: name: Aryan, Amar
name: Pandey, S. B.
name: Zheng, WeiKang
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
name: Vinko, Jozsef
name: Ouchi, Ryoma
name: Brink, Thomas G.
name: Halle, Andrew
name: Molloy, Jeffrey
name: Kumar, Sahana
name: Halevi, Goni
name: Kilpatrick, Charles D.
name: Kumar, Amit
name: Gupta, Rahul
name: Ror, Amit Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, photometric and spectroscopic analyses of a very low-luminosity Type IIb supernova (SN) 2016iyc have been performed. SN 2016iyc lies near the faint end among the distribution of similar supernovae (SNe). Given lower ejecta mass ($M_{\rm ej}$) and low nickel mass ($M_{\rm Ni}$) from the literature, combined with SN 2016iyc lying near the faint end, one-dimensional stellar evolution models of 9 - 14 M$_{\odot}$ zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) stars as the possible progenitors of SN 2016iyc have been performed using the publicly available code MESA. Moreover, synthetic explosions of the progenitor models have been simulated using the hydrodynamic evolution codes STELLA and SNEC. The bolometric luminosity light curve and photospheric velocities produced through synthetic explosions of ZAMS stars of mass in the range 12 - 13 M$_{\odot}$ having a pre-supernova radius $R_{\mathrm{0}} =$ (240 - 300) R$_{\odot}$, with $M_{\rm ej} =$ (1.89 - 1.93) M$_{\odot}$, explosion energy $E_{\rm exp} = $ (0.28 - 0.35) $\times 10^{51}$ erg, and $M_{\rm Ni} < 0.09$ M$_{\odot}$, are in good agreement with observations; thus, SN 2016iyc probably exploded from a progenitor near the lower mass limits for SNe IIb. Finally, hydrodynamic simulations of the explosions of SN 2016gkg and SN 2011fu have also been performed to compare intermediate- and high-luminosity examples among well-studied SNe IIb. The results of progenitor modelling and synthetic explosions for SN 2016iyc, SN 2016gkg, and SN 2011fu exhibit a diverse range of mass for the possible progenitors of SNe IIb.
description: Final updated version. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Quantifying Grover speed-ups beyond asymptotic analysis
Creators: name: Cade, Chris
name: Folkertsma, Marten
name: Niesen, Ido
name: Weggemans, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Run-times of quantum algorithms are often studied via an asymptotic, worst-case analysis. Whilst useful, such a comparison can often fall short: it is not uncommon for algorithms with a large worst-case run-time to end up performing well on instances of practical interest. To remedy this it is necessary to resort to run-time analyses of a more empirical nature, which for sufficiently small input sizes can be performed on a quantum device or a simulation thereof. For larger input sizes, alternative approaches are required. In this paper we consider an approach that combines classical emulation with detailed complexity bounds that include all constants. We simulate quantum algorithms by running classical versions of the sub-routines, whilst simultaneously collecting information about what the run-time of the quantum routine would have been if it were run instead. To do this accurately and efficiently for very large input sizes, we describe an estimation procedure and prove that it obtains upper bounds on the true expected complexity of the quantum algorithms. We apply our method to some simple quantum speedups of classical heuristic algorithms for solving the well-studied MAX-$k$-SAT optimization problem. This requires rigorous bounds (including all constants) on the expected- and worst-case complexities of two important quantum sub-routines: Grover search with an unknown number of marked items, and quantum maximum-finding. These improve upon existing results and might be of broader interest. Amongst other results, we found that the classical heuristic algorithms we studied did not offer significant quantum speedups despite the existence of a theoretical per-step speedup. This suggests that an empirical analysis such as the one we implement in this paper already yields insights beyond those that can be seen by an asymptotic analysis alone.
description: 57 pages, 3 figures
CircuitNet: An Open-Source Dataset for Machine Learning Applications in Electronic Design Automation (EDA)
Creators: name: Chai, Zhuomin
name: Zhao, Yuxiang
name: Lin, Yibo
name: Liu, Wei
name: Wang, Runsheng
name: Huang, Ru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The electronic design automation (EDA) community has been actively exploring machine learning (ML) for very large-scale integrated computer-aided design (VLSI CAD). Many studies explored learning-based techniques for cross-stage prediction tasks in the design flow to achieve faster design convergence. Although building ML models usually requires a large amount of data, most studies can only generate small internal datasets for validation because of the lack of large public datasets. In this essay, we present the first open-source dataset called CircuitNet for ML tasks in VLSI CAD.
Linguistic factors influencing information diffusion in social networks: protocol for a systematic review
Creators: name: Erseghe, Tomaso
name: Dzanko, Lejla
name: Nikodon, Jan
name: Formanowicz, Magda
name: Suitner, Caterina
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Linguistics
subject: Social Psychology
subject: Linguistics
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Science and Technology Studies
subject: Discourse and Text Linguistics
subject: Engineering
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Digital Communications and Networking
subject: Computer Engineering
subject: #informationdiffusion #informationspread #networks #onlinesocialmedia #onlinesocialnetworks #linguistics

description: The objective of the systematic review to be undertaken is to scope the extant knowledge about the role of linguistic features in information spread in online social media. Here we register the systematic review protocol developed using the PRISMA-P guidelines.
On-time denosumab dosing recovered rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet remains suboptimal
Creators: name: Rzepka, Anna M
name: Cadarette, Suzanne M
name: Cheung, Angela M
name: Kim, Sandra
name: Gomes, Tara
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Year: 2024

description: Timely administration of denosumab every 6 mo is critical in osteoporosis treatment to avoid multiple vertebral fracture risk upon denosumab discontinuation or delay. This study aimed to estimate the immediate and prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the timing of denosumab doses. We identified older adults (≥66 yr) residing in the community who were due to receive denosumab between January 2016 and December 2020 using Ontario Drug Benefit data. We completed an interrupted time-series analysis to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020) on the monthly proportion of on-time denosumab doses (183 +/-30 d). Analyses were stratified by user type: patients due for their second dose (novice users), third or fourth dose (intermediate users), or ≥5th dose (established users). In additional analyses, we considered patients living in nursing homes, switching to other osteoporosis drugs, and reported trends until February 2022. We studied 148 554 patients (90.9% female, mean [SD] age 79.6 [8.0] yr) receiving 648 221 denosumab doses. The average pre-pandemic proportion of on-time therapy was steady in the community, yet differed by user type: 64.9% novice users, 72.3% intermediate users, and 78.0% established users. We identified an immediate overall decline in the proportion of on-time doses across all user types at the start of the pandemic: -17.8% (95% CI, -19.6, -16.0). In nursing homes, the pre-pandemic proportion of on-time therapy was similar across user types (average 83.5%), with a small decline at the start of the pandemic: -3.2% (95% CI, -5.0, -1.2). On-time therapy returned to pre-pandemic levels by October 2020 and was not impacted by therapy switching. Although on-time dosing remains stable as of February 2022, approximately one-fourth of patients in the community do not receive denosumab on-time. In conclusion, although pandemic disruptions to denosumab dosing were temporary, levels of on-time therapy remain suboptimal.
title: An intelligent innovation index framework for the belt and road regions in China
Creators: name: Guo, Jianjeng
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2028

description: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has become an increasingly influential programme and is boosting the flow of trade, investment and cooperation between China and the rest of the world. This study shows how this index can be employed to rank Chinese provinces and cities along the BRI. Hence, the government policy makers - both central and municipal authorities – will be able to use our intelligent index ranking framework to dynamically monitor the developments, and, if required, redirect trillion-dollar stimulus package and other resources to those areas that can better achieve the economic development goals. This research will explore the following questions: how does innovation index correlate with its major factors including fundamental environment, investment, outcome and connectivity & cooperation? The BRIII is developed and constructed based on multiple data processing methods including indicators’ normalization, weights assessment for 18 provinces or municipalities included in the BRI. The entropy method is employed to composite BRIII according to the construction equation of comprehensive index method. With a time-series of nine-year weight calculations, 15 indicators are assessed each year and the information is used to revise the weights within this BRIII index framework using a DE-BP neural network algorithm. Based on the successful application of BRIII, another two major evaluation projects of China Central government – SRSDI, RCDIIM are also constructed later for its similarity to that of BRIII. For this reason, this study is not only designed to provide the first empirical evidence on BRIII, which in turn helps to rank the effectiveness and efficiency of government investment on technology and policies (e.g., decreasing tax deductions on R&D) while improving the quality of microstructure of economy (output and performance), but also helps to build the reusable intelligent framework for a good overall sense of fairness purpose in the long run.
Adaptive Quantum State Tomography with Active Learning
Creators: name: Lange, Hannah
name: Kebrič, Matjaž
name: Buser, Maximilian
name: Schollwöck, Ulrich
name: Grusdt, Fabian
name: Bohrdt, Annabelle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, tremendous progress has been made in the field of quantum science and technologies: different platforms for quantum simulation as well as quantum computing, ranging from superconducting qubits to neutral atoms, are starting to reach unprecedentedly large systems. In order to benchmark these systems and gain physical insights, the need for efficient tools to characterize quantum states arises. The exponential growth of the Hilbert space with system size renders a full reconstruction of the quantum state prohibitively demanding in terms of the number of necessary measurements. Here we propose and implement an efficient scheme for quantum state tomography using active learning. Based on a few initial measurements, the active learning protocol proposes the next measurement basis, designed to yield the maximum information gain. We apply the active learning quantum state tomography scheme to reconstruct different multi-qubit states with varying degree of entanglement as well as to ground states of the XXZ model in 1D and a kinetically constrained spin chain. In all cases, we obtain a significantly improved reconstruction as compared to a reconstruction based on the exact same number of measurements and measurement configurations, but with randomly chosen basis configurations. Our scheme is highly relevant to gain physical insights in quantum many-body systems as well as for benchmarking and characterizing quantum devices, e.g. for quantum simulation, and paves the way for scalable adaptive protocols to probe, prepare, and manipulate quantum systems.
description: 18 pages, 13 Figures, Appendix
Reheating era in Gauss-Bonnet theories of gravity compatible with the GW170817 event
Creators: name: Venikoudis, S. A.
name: Fronimos, F. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present article we showcase how the reheating era can be described properly in the context of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity assuming that the primordial gravitational waves propagate with the velocity of light. The equations of the duration of reheating along with the reheating temperature are derived and as demonstrated, their expressions are quite similar to the case of a canonical scalar field where now the second derivative of the Gauss-Bonnet scalar coupling function appears and effectively alters the numerical value of the scalar potential. The appearance of such term is reminiscing of a $λR$ model of gravity where $λ$ is now dynamical. We consider two viable inflationary models of interest, the former involves an error function as scalar Gauss-Bonnet coupling function and the latter a Woods-Saxon scalar potential. It is shown that for both models the aforementioned quantities can be in agreement with theoretical expectations. The only constraint that is needed is the assumption that the second time derivative of the Gauss-Bonnet scalar coupling function is actually lesser than the Planck mass squared, that is $\ddotξ<\frac{M_{Pl}^2}{8}$ in order to obtain a viable description. We find that a free parameter of the theory and specifically the potential amplitude for the Woods-Saxon model during the inflationary era, dictates the effective equations of state and therefore the reheating epoch can be described either by a type of stiff matter with EoS parameter equal to unity or by an EoS parameter close to that of the radiation.
description: NPB Accepted
Depressive Symptom Change Patterns during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Their Impact on Psychiatric Treatment Seeking: A 24-Month Observational Study of the Adult Population
Creators: name: Hoffart, Asle
name: Ebrahimi, Omid V.
name: Bauer, Daniel J.
name: Solbakken, Ole André
name: Freichel, René
name: Johnson, Sverre Urnes
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2024

description: Despite the presence of individual differences in the depressive symptom change in adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic, most studies have investigated population‐level changes in depression during the first year of the pandemic. This longitudinal repeated‐measurement study obtained 39,259 observations from 4,361 adults assessed nine times over a 24‐month period in Norway (March 2020 to March 2022). Using a Latent Change Score Mixture Model to investigate differential change patterns in depressive symptoms, five profiles were identified. Most adults revealed a consistently resilient (42.52%) or predominantly resilient pattern differentiated by an initial shock in symptomatology (13.17%). Another group exhibited consistently high depressive adversities (8.5%). One group showed mild deterioration with small increases in depressive symptomatology compared to onset levels (29.04%), and a second strong deterioration group exhibited clinically severe levels of gained symptoms over time (6.77%). Both deteriorating depressive symptom change patterns predicted the presence of a psychiatric diagnosis and treatment seeking at the end of the study period. Together, the absence of a preexisting psychiatric diagnosis at the onset of the pandemic and severe symptom increases during, combined with reports of psychiatric treatment seeking and diagnosis at the end of the study period, indicated that the strongly deteriorating subgroup represents an additional and newly emerged group of adults struggling with depressive problems. Factors related to general adverse change (lower education levels, lone residence), initial shocks prior to recovery (frequent information seeking, financial and occupational concerns), and resilience and recovery (older age, being in a relationship, physical activity) were identified. Binge drinking and belonging to an ethnic minority were influential predictors of the strongly deteriorating group. All major change patterns in depressive symptoms occurred during the first 3 months of the pandemic, suggesting this period represents a window of sensitivity for the development of long‐lasting depressive states versus patterns of recovery and resilience. These findings call for increased vigilance of psychiatric symptoms during the initial phases of infectious disease outbreaks and highlight a specific target period for the implementation of preventive measures.
Chiral fermions and anomaly cancellation on orbifolds with Wilson lines and flux
Creators: name: Buchmuller, Wilfried
name: Dierigl, Markus
name: Ruehle, Fabian
name: Schweizer, Julian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider six-dimensional supergravity compactified on orbifolds with Wilson lines and bulk flux. Torus Wilson lines are decomposed into Wilson lines around the orbifold fixed points, and twisted boundary conditions of matter fields are related to fractional localized flux. Both, orbifold singularities and flux lead to chiral fermions in four dimensions. We show that in addition to the standard bulk and fixed point anomalies the Green-Schwarz term also cancels the four-dimensional anomaly induced by the flux background. The two axions contained in the antisymmetric tensor field both contribute to the cancellation of the four-dimensional anomaly and the generation of a vector boson mass via the Stueckelberg mechanism. An orthogonal linear combination of the axions remains massless and couples to the gauge field in the standard way. Furthermore, we construct convenient expressions for the wave functions of the zero modes and relate their multiplicity and behavior at the fixed points to the bulk flux quanta and the Wilson lines.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, clarifying remarks added
On the variation of the Frobenius in a non abelian Iwasawa tower
Creators: name: G, Asvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R23 (Primary), 11G20, 14H30, 14G17 (Secondary)

description: For varieties over a finite field $\mathbb F_q$ with "many" automorphisms, we study the $\ell$-adic properties of the eigenvalues of the Frobenius operator on their cohomology. The main goal of this paper is to consider towers such as $y^2 = f(x^{\ell^n})$ and prove that the characteristic polynomials of the Frobenius on the étale cohomology show a surprising $\ell$-adic convergence. We prove this by proving a more general statement about the convergence of certain invariants related to a skew-abelian cohomology group. Along the way, we will prove that many natural sequences $(x_n)_{n\geq 1} \in \mathbb Z_\ell^{\mathbb N}$ converge $\ell$-adically and give explicit rates of convergence. In a different direction, we provide a precise criterion for curves with many automorphisms to be supersingular, generalizing and unifying many old results.
description: Accepted version
Correlation spectroscopy in cold atoms: light sidebands resonances in electromagnetically induced transparency condition
Creators: name: Florez, H. M.
name: Kumar, A.
name: Theophilo, K.
name: Nussenzveig, P.
name: Martinelli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlation spectroscopy has been successfully employed in the measurement of the intrinsic linewidth of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in time and frequency domain. We study the role of the sidebands of the intense fields in the measured spectra, analyzing the information that can be recovered working with different analysis frequencies. In this case, the non-zero one-photon detuning appears as a necessary condition for spectrally resolving the sideband resonances in the correlation coefficient. Our experimental findings are supported by the perturbative model defined in the frequency domain.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Spectrum of $cc\bar{b}\bar{b}$, $bc\bar{c}\bar{c}$, and $bc\bar{b}\bar{b}$ Tetraquark States in the Dynamical Diquark Model
Creators: name: Mutuk, Halil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamical diquark model assumes that exotic hadrons can be formed from colored diquarks. This model asserts a multiquark exotic state composed of a compact diquark $δ$ and antidiquark $\barδ$ for a tetraquark interacting through a gluonic field of finite extent. Using Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation and BO potential calculated numerically on the lattice, we study mass spectra of $S-$wave $cc\bar{b}\bar{b}$, $bc\bar{c}\bar{c}$, and $bc\bar{b}\bar{b}$ tetraquark systems in the basis of diquark spins. We assume that colour-antitriple diquark and colour-triplet antidiquark form tetraquark state. The predicted mass spectrum for ground state of $cc\bar{b}\bar{b}$ is found to be lower then their corresponding two-meson thresholds. This system may be a candidate for bound state. Masses of $bc\bar{c}\bar{c}$ and $bc\bar{b}\bar{b}$ tetraquark states are found to be above than the corresponding two-meson thresholds.
description: 11 pages, Accepted in Physics Letters B
Looking for quark saturation in proton and nuclei
Creators: name: Zhu, Wei
name: Wang, Rong
name: Ruan, Jianhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quark saturation behavior at low $Q^2$ is shown in a numeric solution of the DGLAP equation with parton recombination corrections, which resembles the widely discussed JIMWLK saturation of gluons. Our calculation suggests that the partonic saturation can be interpreted as a dynamical balance between the splitting and the fusion processes of partons, without any other condensation mechanisms added. The nuclear shadowing saturation at small $x$ resulted from the proposed quark saturation is also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 13 figures
Masking for COVID-19 and other respiratory viral infections: implications of the available evidence
Creators: name: Gandhi, Monica
name: Hearst, Norman
name: Noble, Jeanne
name: Halperin, Daniel T.
name: Baral, Stefan
name: Bailey, Robert C.
name: Bhatia, Rajiv
name: Doron, Shira
name: Hodgins, Stephen
Publisher: name: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Year: 2024

description: The use of face masks has been widely promoted and at times mandated to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The 2023 publication of an updated Cochrane review on mask effectiveness for respiratory viruses as well as the unfolding epidemiology of COVID-19 underscore the need for an unbiased assessment of the current scientific evidence. It appears that the widespread promotion, adoption, and mandating of masking for COVID-19 were based not primarily on the strength of evidence for effectiveness but more on the imperative of decision-makers to act in the face of a novel public health emergency, with seemingly few good alternatives. Randomized clinical trials of masking for prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory viruses have so far shown no evidence of benefit (with the possible exception of continuous use of N95 respirators by hospital workers). Observational studies provide lower-quality evidence and do not convincingly demonstrate benefit from masking or mask mandates. Unless robust new evidence emerges showing the effectiveness of masks in reducing infection or transmission risks in either trials or real-world conditions, mandates are not warranted for future epidemics of respiratory viral infections.
Resource Utilization for COVID-19 Pneumonia in the ACTIV-1 Trial: A Secondary Data Analysis
Creators: name: Der, Tatyana
name: Cyr, Derek
name: Shah, Miloni
name: Lachiewicz, Anne M.
name: Schmid, Andreas
name: Maillo, Martin
name: Lindsell, Christopher
name: Al-Khalidi, Hussein R.
name: Panettieri, Reynold
name: Powderly, William G.
name: Khan, Akram
name: Iyer, Vivek
name: Bozzette, Samuel A.
name: Jagpal, Sugeet
name: Rauseo, Adriana M.
name: ACTIV-1 IM study group members
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia requires considerable healthcare resources. Research Objective Examine if a single dose of infliximab or abatacept, in addition to remdesivir and steroids, decreased resource utilization among participants hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia. Study Design and Methods Accelerating COVID-19 Therapeutic Interventions and Vaccines Immunomodulator (ACTIV-1 IM) master protocol was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial examining the potential benefit in time to recovery and mortality of immunomodulators infliximab, abatacept, and cenicriviroc. This observational study performs a secondary analysis of the infliximab, abatacept, and common placebo participants to examine resource utilization. Hospital days, intensive care unit days, days with supplemental oxygen, days with high flow nasal cannula or non-invasive ventilation, ventilator days, and days of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were each examined. Proportional odds models were used to compare days alive and free of resource use over 28 days between infliximab and placebo groups and between abatacept and placebo groups. Results Infliximab infusion, compared to placebo, was associated with greater odds of being alive and free of all interventions tested. Abatacept use was associated only with greater odds of days alive and free of hospitalization and supplemental oxygen. Interpretation Infliximab and abatacept use were associated with decreased use of healthcare resources over 28 days compared to placebo, but the absolute differences were small.
Path integral action for a resonant detector of gravitational waves in the generalized uncertainty principle framework
Creators: name: Sen, Soham
name: Bhattacharyya, Sukanta
name: Gangopadhyay, Sunandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Heisenberg uncertainty principle gets modified by the introduction of an observer independent minimal length. In this work we have considered the resonant gravitational wave detector in the modified uncertainty principle framework where we have used the position momentum uncertainty relation with a quadratic order correction only. We have then used the path integral approach to calculate an action for the bar detector in presence of a gravitational wave and then derived the Lagrangian of the system leading to the equation of motion for the configuration-space position coordinate in one dimension. We then find a perturbative solution for the coordinate of the detector for a circularly polarized gravitational wave leading to a classical solution of the same for given initial conditions. Using this classical form of the coordinate of the detector, we finally obtain the classical form of the on-shell action describing the harmonic oscillator-gravitational wave system. Finally, we have obtained the free particle propagator containing the quantum fluctuation term considering gravitational wave interaction.
description: This manuscript has been accepted for publication in "Universe"; Special Edition: "Quantum Gravity Phenomenology"
Translational Stroke Research: Vision and Opportunities
Creators: name: Cipolla, Marilyn J.
name: Corbett, Dale
name: Zhang, John H.
name: Moy, Claudia S.
name: Schwamm, Lee H.
name: Cho, Sunghee
name: Stenzel-Poore, Mary P.
name: Iadecola, Costantino
name: Warach, Steven
name: Finklestein, Seth P.
name: Koenig, James I.
name: Carmichael, S. Thomas
name: Kochanek, Patrick M.
name: Back, Stephen A.
name: Jauch, Edward C.
name: Steinberg, Gary K.
name: Tymianski, Michael
name: Ford, Byron D.
name: Cramer, Steven C.
name: Wechsler, Lawrence R.
name: Janis, Scott
name: McCullough, Louise D.
name: Becker, Kyra
name: Koroshetz, Walter
name: Broderick, Joseph P.
name: Lo, Eng H.
name: Bosetti, Francesca
name: Johnston, Karen C.
name: McGavern, Linda M.
name: Ayata, Cenk
name: Jakeman, Lyn B.
name: Kohn, Harold
name: Meschia, James F.
name: Ferguson, Adam R.
name: Hemmen, Thomas M.
name: Perez-Pinzon, Miguel A.
name: Savitz, Sean I.
name: Furie, Karen L.
name: Lyden, Patrick D.
name: Corriveau, Roderick A.
name: Mallard, Carina
name: Ramadan, Ipolia
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: See related article, p 2341 Stroke risk and poststroke disability have steadily decreased in the United States over the past 2 decades because of improved prevention and access to reperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke, such as tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator; alteplase) and endovascular thrombectomy. Despite the efficacy and safety of thrombolysis and thrombectomy, not all patients who receive the treatment improve to full, independent recovery, and most patients are ineligible for treatment. Additionally, there are no efficacious treatments to improve long-term outcomes for patients after the acute phase of ischemic stroke or to reduce brain injury induced by acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Therefore, development of new therapies for both acute and chronic stroke is sorely needed. Stroke occurs because of a variety of vascular pathologies and injury mechanisms, some of which are difficult to model in animals. With the exception of reperfusion therapy, preclinical research end points do not generally reflect clinical outcomes. Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and target engagement in the human brain need to be further developed and optimized for stroke interventions so that drug level in brain tissue, time to initiation, and duration of treatment can be accurately measured in clinical trials. Many variables, such as heterogeneity of vascular pathologies, patient demographics, and a host of comorbid conditions, as well as the lack of validated biomarkers to stratify patient populations, limit the ability of typical stroke clinical trials to detect a treatment effect. To address these gaps, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke organized and sponsored the workshop Translational Stroke Research: Vision and Opportunities, which was held in Bethesda, Maryland, on November 1 to 2, 2016. The workshop gathered over 180 registered participants from academia, industry, the Food and Drug Administration, and other public and private funding agencies. …
Terahertz lasing conditions of radiative and nonradiative propagating plasmon modes in graphene-coated cylinders
Creators: name: Prelat, Leila
name: Passarelli, Nicolas
name: Bustos-Marun, Raul
name: Depine, Ricardo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is increasing interest in filling the gap of miniaturized terahertz/mid-infrared radiation sources and, particularly, in incorporating these sources into micro/nanophotonic circuits. By using rigorous electromagnetic methods, we investigate the lasing conditions and the electric-tunability of radiative and non radiative propagating surface-plasmon modes in cylinders made of active materials coated with a graphene layer. A detailed analysis of the lasing condition of different surface-plasmon modes shows that there is an abrupt change in the gain required when modes become nonradiative. Although radiative modes, subject to both radiation and ohmic losses, are expected to require more gain compensation than nonradiative modes, we find that, counterintuitively, gain compensation is greater for nonradiative modes. This is explained in terms of a change in the distribution of fields that occurs when the character of modes switches from plasmonic to photonic. Finally, we assess the feasibility of our proposal by using a realist gain medium and showing that a relatively low population inversion is required for the stimulated emission of the studied system.
description: to appear in JosaB
Impacts of Variable-Impedance-Based Power Flow Control on Renewable Energy Integration
Creators: name: Mirzapour, Omid
name: Sahraei-Ardakani, Mostafa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The electric power grid has evolved significantly over the past two decades in response to climate change. Increased levels of renewable energy generation, as a prominent feature of this evolution, have led to new congestion patterns in the transmission network. The transmission system is originally designed for conventional energy sources, with predictable flow patterns. Insufficient transfer capability in congested transmission systems results in commitment of more expensive power plants and higher levels of renewable energy curtailment. One way to mitigate congestion is adoption of power flow control through variable-impedance flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices. In this paper the impacts of power flow control on generation cost, carbon emissions and renewable energy curtailment are studied under a wide range of scenarios, including generation mix from major US regional transmission organizations, and different load curves, representing seasonal variations. A two-stage stochastic unit commitment, including FACTS adjustment, is used to evaluate the impacts of FACTS devices on various types and penetration levels of renewable energy. The results show that FACTS installation effectively reduces generation cost, carbon emissions, and renewable energy curtailment. Location of renewable energy resources, peak-hour demand and the system's generation mix are among the influential factors.
Modified algebraic Bethe ansatz for XXZ chain on the segment - III - Proof
Creators: name: Avan, J.
name: Belliard, S.
name: Grosjean, N.
name: Pimenta, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we prove the off-shell equation satisfied by the transfer matrix associated with the XXZ spin-$\frac12$ chain on the segment with two generic integrable boundaries acting on the Bethe vector. The essential step is to prove that the expression of the action of a modified creation operator on the Bethe vector has an off-shell structure which results in an inhomogeneous term in the eigenvalues and Bethe equations of the corresponding transfer matrix.
description: V2 published version, 16 pages
School Goal Structures and Violence Against Educators Before and During COVID-19
Creators: name: Lee, Hyun Ji
name: McMahon, Susan D.
name: Espelage, Dorothy L.
name: Astor, Ron A.
name: Anderman, Eric M.
name: Reddy, Linda A.
name: Perry, Andrew H.
name: Worrell, Frank C.
name: Martinez, Andrew
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024

description: We examined relations of U.S. teachers’ perceptions of mastery and performance goal structures to violence perpetrated against them before and during COVID-19. We hypothesized that perceptions of an instructional emphasis on mastery (i.e. mastery goal structure) would be related to lower levels of victimization, whereas perceptions of an emphasis on performance (i.e. performance goal structure) would be related to greater victimization. Using a sample of 9,363 teachers, we conducted negative binomial regression analyses, controlling for teacher and school characteristics. Perceptions of a performance goal structure were related to higher levels of teacher-directed violence, whereas perceptions of a mastery goal structure were related to lower levels of violence. Results underscore the benefits of school mastery versus performance goal structures for bolstering student motivation and teacher safety.
Addressing common sources of bias in studies of new-onset type 2 diabetes following COVID that use electronic health record data
Creators: name: Harding, Jessica L
name: Wander, Pandora L.
name: Pfaff, Emily
name: Boyko, Edward
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description: Observational studies based on cohorts built from electronic health records (EHR) form the backbone of our current understanding of the risk of new-onset diabetes following COVID. EHR-based research is a powerful tool for medical research but is subject to multiple sources of bias. In this viewpoint, we define key sources of bias that threaten the validity of EHR-based research on this topic (namely misclassification, selection, surveillance, immortal time, and confounding biases), describe their implications, and suggest best practices to avoid them in the context of COVID-diabetes research.