cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: The Effect of Parent Involvement in a Nutrition Education Program for Primary Grade Pupils
Creators: name: Kirks, Barbara A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1981

description: Three schools were matched for socioeconomic data, location, and quality. Students in kindergarten through grade three in two schools received nutrition education; the third school was the control. Of the two treatment schools, one was randomly assigned to receive parent as well as student education in nutrition. Three-hundred and seventy cognitive scores, 168 affective scores, and 100 plate-waste analyses were collected in both pretest and posttest phases. At the end of the fourmonth treatment period, 24-hour food frequency recalls were collected for 151 children.
Students at the school where both parents and their children were involved had higher dietary quality scores and were eating a wider variety of food compared to students in either of the other two schools. Cognitive scores for kindergarten and first grade students were significantly higher for children in the school with parent involvement. The results substantiate the importance of a parent education component in achieving a positive effect in food behavior as a result of a nutrition education program.
Needlet Bispectrum Asymmetries in the WMAP 5-year Data
Creators: name: Pietrobon, Davide
name: Cabella, Paolo
name: Balbi, Amedeo
name: Crittenden, Robert
name: de Gasperis, Giancarlo
name: Vittorio, Nicola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the needlet formalism to the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 5-year data, looking for evidence of non-Gaussianity in the bispectrum of the needlet amplitudes. We confirm earlier findings of an asymmetry in the non-Gaussianity between the northern and southern galactic hemispheres. We attempt to isolate which scales and geometrical configurations are most anomalous, and find the bispectrum is most significant on large scales and in the more co-linear configurations, and also in the `squeezed' configurations. However, these anomalies do not appear to affect the estimate of the non-linear parameter $\fnl$, and we see no significant difference between its value measured in the two hemispheres.
description: Published on MNRAS letters
Analytical review of remedial educational programs for socially and economically disadvantaged adults
Creators: name: Anderson, Darrell Vail
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The principal concern of this thesis was to examine the role of education in altering the personal and social characteristics of the disadvantaged adult, and to select Information of functional value to program design for those educators or agencies contemplating remedial educational programs with disadvantaged adults. The sources of data for this descriptive study were limited to research reports on special retraining and remedial educational programs for the disadvantaged. Descriptive data on poverty and characteristics of the disadvantaged were also used selectively. As a group, the disadvantaged have the lowest Income, the poorest education, the largest families, the most Inadequate housing, the highest Incidence of III health, and the least hope or promise of a better future. In addition to such socio-economic handicaps, the disadvantaged are hampered by certain psychological disabilities including a lack of self-confidence, low self-esteem and a high degree of dependency. Because of a limited perception of the value of education, the disadvantaged display neither the aspiration nor the motivation to achieve educational goals. They are further handicapped by a lack of verbal facility which limits their communication with society. The research provides a depressing picture of the relationship between the disadvantaged and society. Largely because of discrimination, the poverty sub-culture has been compelled to evolve its own operational way of life. The customary associationaI contacts of the middle-class society are not functional to the disadvantaged and they participate instead through casual, close, and often intimate primary group relationships. Remedial programs are characterized by: programs of lengthy duration with a distinct preference for the classroom method; Instructional agents with little or no specialized training for the clientele; use of a limited number of Instructional techniques; heavy reliance on Instructional devices and materials; extensive use of pre-adult tests for both placement and evaluation; and a preponderant number of descriptive and subjective evaluations. Because of the scarcity of substantial research, specific details of educational planning for the disadvantaged cannot be stated with assurance. The rejection of the Institutionalized patterns of education by the disadvantaged Is Indicative of the need to discover new patterns which will be acceptable to them. The present pattern of remedial educational programs offers little hope of answering the needs of the disadvantaged.
title: Forage Yield and Chemical Composition of an Orchardgrass-Bromegrass Pasture Mixture as Influenced by Clipping Frequency, Nitrogen Fertilization and Irrigation Regime
Creators: name: Gawai, Vinayak G.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1967

description: The influence of agronomic practices on forage production and chemical composition of an orchardgrass-bromegrass pasture mixture was studied at the Greenville Farm, Logan, Utah, during 1960-1964. The soil is a well drained Millville Silt loam that has about a one percent slope and occurs on an alluvial fan. It is high in potash, phosphorus and calcium and is alkaline having a pH of 7.9 to 8.2.
Analysis of the clipping frequency showed that the yield of forage from four harvests was greater than from five harvests. This difference was greater on plots receiving high rates of nitrogen fertilization, and frequent irrigation. Nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, copper, iron and zinc contents were lower with five harvests.
Forage production increased significantly as the available moisture in the soil increased, producing the highest yields for the 5-day irrigation interval. Nitrogen, copper, iron and zinc in the foliage decreased and phosphorus and calcium increased with increasing soil moisture. On the contrary, potassium content did not show a specific trend with increasing soil moisture.
Nitrogen fertilization increased the forage dry matter production significantly giving the highest yield for 200 pounds of applied nitrogen per acre per season. The percentage of nitrogen in harvested forage decreased up to 100 pounds per acre of applied nitrogen and slightly increased with 200 pounds. Calcium, iron and manganese contents decreased and zinc content slightly increased with an increase in the amount of nitrogen fertilization. On the other hand, phosphorus, potassium and copper contents did not show a consistent trend with increasing nitrogen fertilization.
A difference was noted between the amount of forage produced for different years. However, there was a tendency of decreasing forage yield with increasing age of stand. Nitrogen and phosphorus contents increased and copper, iron and manganese decreased significantly with the increasing age of stand. Potassium, calcium, and zinc contents showed a gradual decrease with the age of forage but there was a fluctuating tendency in their content for different years.
title: Fertilizer Studies as Conducted on the Carbon County Experimental Farm with Special Reference to Treble-Superphosphate
Creators: name: Zobell, Delos
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1932

description: In 1927 an experimental farm was established in Carbon County, Utah. The farm is on a new irrigation tract south of the Price River and about four miles south of Price. The agricultural problems of the Carbon County Experimental Farm and the locality which it serves are distinctly different from those of most of the farming sections in Utah. The soil of this region is of a sandy, silty nature apparently with deflocculated colloids which make it somewhat difficult to manage. There is a low percentage of organic matter in this soil, and because of this and its impervious condition the soil absorbs water slowly. The range in moisture content at which the soil may be tilled is rather narrow.
Quasiparticle excitations in Bose-Fermi mixtures
Creators: name: Akhanjee, Shimul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the excitation spectrum of a three-dimensional(3D) Bose-Fermi mixture with tunable resonant interaction parameters and high hyperfine spin multiplets. We focus on a 3-particle vertex describing fermionic and bosonic atoms which can scatter to create fermionic molecules or disassociate. For a single molecular level, in analogy to the single magnetic impurity problem we argue that the low lying excitations of the mean-field theory are described by the Fermi liquid picture with a quasiparticle weight and charge which is justified by a $1/N_ψ$ expansion, expected to be exact in the limit of infinite degeneracy (or very high fermionic spin) $N_ψ\to \infty$. Our emphasis is placed on the novel conditions for chemical equilibrium and how many-body chemical reactions renormalize the bosonic chemical potential, modifying condensation and superfluid-insulator transitions.
description: 9 pages, 6 eps figures. Version accepted for publication
title: Fertilizer Studies as Conducted on Muck Soil in Sanpete County, Utah
Creators: name: Wilson, Lemoyne
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1932

description: The reclamation of muck soil is a new development in the state of Utah. Knowledge concerning the various properties and requirements of the newly-drained area in Sanpete County, Utah, is extremely limited. A need for fundamental information concerning this type of soil was the basis for the establishment of an experimental farm in this region. The fact that most organic soils respond to mineral fertilizers soon after they have been reclaimed was an important reason for starting fertilizer work on this soil as soon as it was possible to do so. This thesis reports some of the fertilizer work being conducted on the farm.
The soil on which the experimental work is being conducted seems to be fairly representative of an area of about 6500 acres located near the south end of the Sanpete Valley. The muck soil has been developed here in what was originally a shallow lake, with an impervious blue clay as the bottom. The soil was formed by the growth of marsh plants, the remains of which have accumulated and have been preserved in the water.
From the time the valley was settled with white people up until 1926, the area had been used for the production of native hay and for pasture. The native sedge sod was first broken up in this region in the fall of 1926. The drainage of the area was started in the fall of 1925 and consisted of constructing canals around the project to control spring flood water. A central drain was installed, through the bottom of the area, with sufficient small laterals to properly drain the soil. The development of the area for at least two years after breaking the sod has consisted of pulverizing the coarse sod, allowing sufficient time for the roots to decay, so that crops could be grown.
Additional file 4 of Cell membrane rupture: a novel test reveals significant variations among different brands of tissue culture flasks
Creators: name: Tchao, Ruy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 4. Kinetics of CalceinAM uptake.
Salt sheet extrusion and emplacement within the South-Central Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt: the Les Avellanes Diapir case-of-study
Creators: name: Cofrade, Gabriel
name: Gratacós, Òscar
name: Cantarero, Irene
name: Ferrer, Oriol
name: Ramirez-Perez, Pedro
name: Roca, Eduard
name: Travé, Anna
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: A detailed geological map of the Les Avellanes salt Diapir (South-Central Pyrenees, Spain) that includes both the diapir body and adjacent areas is presented to understand the diapir evolution and geometry. Structural, stratigraphical, and sedimentary data north and south of the diapir is used to infer the timing of its emplacement. The northern diapir boundary is characterized by a set of extensional faults oblique to the main Pyrenean trend, while the southern boundary is an extrusive salt sheet that overlays the late Eocene-early Oligocene sequence in three adjacent sub-basins. Salt extrusion occurred due to synorogenic folding. The topography created as salt extruded trapped the arrival of external sediments from the north, blocking the transport pathways southward. Low sedimentation rates southwards allowed for the lateral salt extrusion, advancing southwards from the feeder. The salt sheet emplacement was postdated by Oligocene conglomerates, indicating that the salt extrusion was a relatively quick event.
Shot Noise Probing of Magnetic Ordering in Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons
Creators: name: Dragomirova, Ralitsa L.
name: Areshkin, Denis A.
name: Nikolic, Branislav K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonequilibrium time-dependent fluctuations of charge current have recently emerged as a sensitive experimental tool to probe ballistic transport through evanescent wave functions introduced into clean wide and short graphene strips by the attached metallic electrodes. We demonstrate that such "pseudo-diffusive" shot noise can be substantially modified in zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) due to the topology of its edges responsible for localized states that facilitate ferromagnetic ordering along the edge when Coulomb interaction is taken into account. Thus, the shot noise enhancement of unpolarized, and even more sensitively of spin-polarized, charge currents injected into ZGNR will act as an all-electrical and edge-sensitive probe of such low-dimensional magnetism.
description: 5 pages, 3 color figures; references updated
An Intelligent Decision Support System for Automated Medication Review
Creators: name: Bindoff, IK
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: Knowledge Acquisition techniques are not historically designed for domains where the expert knowledge being modelled is inconsistent and poorly defined. This study explores the applicability of the MCRDR technique of knowledge acquisition towards a domain of this nature, medication reviews. Through this experimentation it is also sought to improve the quality of service that the medication reviewers can provide to their patients, by reducing the incidence of missed classifications. To facilitate this study a Knowledge-Based System was developed that employed the MCRDR method and which was capable of both being instructed in the domain of medication review through its routine use by the expert, and acting similarly to the expert when producing its classifications based on genuine medication review cases. It was found that there was a high incidence of missed classifications by the expert which were automatically repaired by the system, and it was also shown that the incidence of missed classifications reduced dramatically as the systems knowledge of the domain grew more complete. It was also found that the inconsistent nature of the expert's knowledge of the domain did not appear to significantly affect the functioning of the system, with none of the tests performed indicating any deviation from what would be expected in a normal MCRDR system.
title: Studies on Amino Acid Balance in Three Fish Meals
Creators: name: Wisutharom, Krachang
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1966

description: High levels of fish mean cannot be used in chick diets in the United States because of the relatively high cost as compared to soybean meal. In certain areas or countries where large amounts of fish meal are produced, it may be economically feasible to use fish meal as the major protein supplement in the poultry rations.
Feed consumed by poultry must provide most of the materials the birds need for growth or to produce eggs. Those who formulate feed must select ingredients and combine them in proportions which will allow the bird to grow or produce eggs at the lowest possible cost. Fish meal is a good source of essential amino acids. Numerous studies during the past several decades have demonstrated the value of fish meal as a source of unidentified growth factors, essential amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and energy.
The nutritive value of commercially produced fish meal showed great variation when investigated by the protein quality index method. The fish species used, the parts of fish used, amount of heating, fat removal, and duration of storage significantly affected the nutritional value of fish meals. The methods of processing and fractionation of the original fish carcass are different for different species. For example, menhaden meal is made from whole fish, but tuna fish meal is made from cannery scraps that contain relatively less muscle and more bone and skin than does menhaden meal. Meal high in bone and skin may be inferior to meals high in muscle protein. Meals high in oil may be poorer than those lower in oil if the meals are not processed and stored properly. The experiments reported in this thesis were conducted to determine if the three fish meals studied varied in the amino acid levels and pattern provided to the chick and to determine if these differences explain differences in the feeding value of these meals. Studies were conducted with two lots of Canadian herring meal, a tuna meal, and Peruvian fish meal probably made from anchovy.
Additional file 3 of Cell membrane rupture: a novel test reveals significant variations among different brands of tissue culture flasks
Creators: name: Tchao, Ruy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3. Fluid shear procedure.
Geomorphological evolution of the western piedmont of Cumbres Calchaquíes (Tucumán Province, NW Argentina)
Creators: name: Sampietro-Vattuone, María Marta
name: Peña-Monné, José Luis
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The aim of this paper is to present a detailed geomorphological map of the western piedmont of Cumbres Calchaquíes (Tucumán Province, NW Argentina) bounded by the Amaicha River to the south and the administrative border with Salta Province to the north. It contains information about geomorphological units, their relative ages, and morphogenetic processes. The main map shows the presence of seven aggradation stages separated by incision phases. The first three stages (St1, St2, and St3) were modeled on a thick accumulation located in the upper piedmont from the Late Pliocene and Early Pleistocene. Intermediate stages (St4 and St5) are alluvial fans and pediments with less thickness and gradient. They cover the Early Pleistocene (St4) and the Late Pleistocene-Middle Holocene (St5). Finally, stages St6 and St7 are from the Upper Holocene.
A Hydroclimatic Regionalization of Central Mongolia as Inferred from Tree Rings
Creators: Leland, Caroline Wogan
Pederson, Neil
Hessl, Amy
Nachin, Baatarbileg
Davi, Nicole K.
D'Arrigo, Rosanne Dorothy
Jacoby, Gordon
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Dendrochronology
Hydrology
Climatic changes

description: In arid and semi-arid regions of the world, such as Mongolia, the future of water resources under a warming climate is of particular concern. The influence of increasing temperatures on precipitation is difficult to predict because precipitation trends in coming decades could have a high degree of spatial variability. In this study, we applied a rotated principal component analysis (RPCA) to a network of 20 tree-ring chronologies across central Mongolia from 1790 to 1994 to evaluate spatial hydroclimatic variability and to place recent variability in the context of the past several centuries. The RPCA results indicate that the network consists of four tree-growth anomaly regions, which were found to be relatively stable through time and space. Correlation analyses reveal spatial linkages between the tree-growth anomalies and instrumental data, where annual streamflow variability was strongly associated with tree-growth anomalies from their respective regions from 1959 to 1994 (r = 0.52–0.64, p < 0.05). This study highlights the extent of spatial variability in hydroclimate across central Mongolia and emphasizes the value of using tree-ring networks in locations with limited instrumental records.
Spatial interference from well-separated condensates
Creators: name: Zawadzki, M. E.
name: Griffin, P. F.
name: Riis, E.
name: Arnold, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use magnetic levitation and a variable-separation dual optical plug to obtain clear spatial interference between two condensates axially separated by up to 0.25 mm -- the largest separation observed with this kind of interferometer. Clear planar fringes are observed using standard (i.e. non-tomographic) resonant absorption imaging. The effect of a weak inverted parabola potential on fringe separation is observed and agrees well with theory.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures - modified to take into account referees' improvements
title: The Yield, Quality, and Nutrient Relationships of Celery as Affected by Commercial Fertilizer
Creators: name: Hurst, Rex L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1950

description: Celery production has become an important factor in the economy of certain areas in Utah. In 1949 over 400 acres were harvested with an average yield of 800 crates per acre, the average return per crate being $1.80. this amounts to over half a million dollars. The crop serves as a valuable cash crop, creates a demand for hand labor, and serves as an important commercial fertilizer.
Little experimental work has been done on the fertilizer requirements of celery in Utah: At the present time estimates of fertilizer need are being based upon grower practices and work done in other areas. Information is needed on the amount of ouch fertilizer element needed to give optimum yields under Utah conditions.
The quality of Utah celery in the past has been one of its chief selling points in competition with celery from other areas. If a good market for Utah celery is to be maintained, the quality must be maintained or improved. In the last few years some Utah celery has become pithy and tough which is an expression of poor quality. There is widespread feeling among growers that quality of celery can be improved by fertilizer practice. As yet there is very little experimental evidence on this relationship.
This study was arranged to obtain information as to the relationships that exist between yield, quality, the nutrient element content, and applied fertilizer.
Fermi LAT Observations of Supernova Remnants Interacting with Molecular Clouds
Creators: name: Castro, Daniel
name: Slane, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of gamma-ray emission coincident with four supernova remnants (SNRs) using data from the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. G349.7+0.2, CTB 37A, 3C 391 and G8.7-0.1 are supernova remnants known to be interacting with molecular clouds, as evidenced by observations of hydroxyl (OH) maser emission at 1720 MHz in their directions. SNR shocks are expected to be sites of cosmic rays acceleration, and clouds of dense material can provide effective targets for production of gamma-rays from pion-decay. The observations reveal unresolved sources in the direction of G349.7+0.2, CTB 37A and 3C 391, and a possibly extended source coincident with G8.7-0.1, all with significance levels greater than 10 sigma.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: The Effects of Fertilizer and Moisture on the Yield of Sweet Corn
Creators: name: Nielson, Rex F.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1949

description: Sweet corn is rapidly becoming an important cash crop in many of the irrigated regions of the intermountain West. The lacome from this crop is relatively small in comparison to that from other major agricultural products; however, sweet corn production has a definite place in the economy of the region.
One of the factors limiting increasing acreage of sweet corn in many areas is low yields. Yields have been increased naterially in recent years with the development of hybrid varieties, superior to the standard varieties previously used. Better cultural practices are improving yields, but much remains to be done in this phase of the work.
Plant growth is affected by many complex factors, two of which are soil fertility and moisture. A considerable number of investigations have been carried out where either fertility or moisture effects have been studied independently. Four studies have been made where the two factors have been studied jointly in the same experiment. Recent trends in experimental research tend to emphasize the value of studying two or more factors at the same time, thereby making it possible to study interaction that otherwise would not have been observed.
This study was an attempt to determine the effects of various soil fertility and soil moisture levels on the yield of sweet corn. These factors were studied simultaneously. By studying the relationships that exist between moisture and fertility, it is theoretically possible to arrive at the optimum level for both factors, thus obtaining maximum yields.
Studies leading to the data reported in this paper were conducted on Nibley silty clay loam at the Utah State Agricultural College Forage Crops Experimental Farm near Nibley, Utah.
Additional file 1 of National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany
Creators: name: Simons, Nadja K.
name: Felipe-Lucia, María R.
name: Schall, Peter
name: Ammer, Christian
name: Bauhus, Jürgen
name: Blüthgen, Nico
name: Boch, Steffen
name: Buscot, François
name: Fischer, Markus
name: Kezia Goldmann
name: Gossner, Martin M.
name: Hänsel, Falk
name: Jung, Kirsten
name: Manning, Peter
name: Nauss, Thomas
name: Oelmann, Yvonne
name: Pena, Rodica
name: Polle, Andrea
name: Renner, Swen C.
name: Schloter, Michael
name: Schöning, Ingo
name: Ernst-Detlef Schulze
name: Solly, Emily F.
name: Sorkau, Elisabeth
name: Stempfhuber, Barbara
name: Tesfaye Wubet
name: Müller, Jörg
name: Seibold, Sebastian
name: Weisser, Wolfgang W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Ordinary least squares regression between forest structural parameters of 124 forest plots from the Biodiversity Exploratories (calibration sites). Supplementary Figure 2. Comparison between observed and predicted data based on subsets of the Biodiversity Exploratories plots. Supplementary Figure 3. Procedure of forest inventory plot selection for the extrapolation of ecosystem service indicators. Supplementary Figure 4. Averages and 95% confidence intervals for the initial set of predictors (forest structural and abiotic parameters) calculated for the final set of 53 forest types. Supplementary Figure 5. Principal components space based on the forest structural and compositional parameters and abiotic parameters. Supplementary Figure 6.: Predicted levels of ecosystem service indicators for the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany. Supplementary Table 1. List of ecosystem service indicators with corresponding categories and unit of measurement. Supplementary Table 2. Coefficients of ecosystem service models based on forest structural and compositional parameters and abiotic parameters. Supplementary Table 3. Number of forest inventory plots used to predict potential ecosystem service supply across Germany.
The role of past sun exposure in Multiple Sclerosis
Creators: name: van der Mei, Ingrid
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This epidemiological thesis firstly reviews the disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS): its history, pathology, clinical expression, and the current views on immunopathogenesis, aetiology and treatment. A separate review on ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and MS indicates that recent work in photoimmunology provides evidence that UVR can attenuate T helper 1 cell mediated processes through several mechanisms, and that epidemiological features of MS, such as the striking latitudinal gradient and seasonal variation in month of birth, MS onset and disease activity, are at least in part consistent with the hypothesis that UVR exposure may reduce the risk of MS. An ecological analysis was conducted as part of the PhD to demonstrate that regional variation in MS prevalence in the continent of Australia could be closely predicted by regional UVR levels, but analytical epidemiological studies are required to further investigate the UVR hypothesis. The project central to this thesis was a population based case-control study on Multiple Sclerosis, conducted in Tasmania, Australia. It examined: (i) whether high past sun exposure was associated with a reduced risk of MS, (ii) whether sibship structure and past infections influenced the risk of MS and (iii) whether having had children and differences in prevalence and strength of MS risk factors between men and women could explain the sex difference in MS. Interviews were conducted with 136 cases with MS and 272 controls randomly drawn from the community and matched on sex and birth year. In one of the methodology chapters, a measure-retest and method comparison was conducted to examine aspects of reliability of the sun exposure measures used in the case-control study. A separate study on 104 healthy volunteers was carried out to examine the effect of seasonal variation and body hair on melanin density estimates based on skin reflectance. The case-control study showed that higher past sun exposure, particularly during childhood and early adolescence, was associated with a reduced risk of MS, which is compatible with UVR having a protective role against MS. Having younger siblings, but not older siblings, was also associated with a reduced risk of MS, while having had glandular fever or having high antibody titers against the Epstein-Barr virus was associated with an increased risk of MS. Among women, a negative association was found between having had children and MS. The finding of an inverse association between sun exposure during childhood and early adolescence and MS, if confirmed in future work, will have important public health implications.
Additional file 1 of Estimating the cost-effectiveness of maternal vaccination and monoclonal antibodies for respiratory syncytial virus in Kenya and South Africa
Creators: name: Koltai, Mihaly
name: Moyes, Jocelyn
name: Nyawanda, Bryan
name: Nyiro, Joyce
name: Munywoki, Patrick K.
name: Tempia, Stefano
name: Li, Xiao
name: Antillon, Marina
name: Bilcke, Joke
name: Flasche, Stefan
name: Beutels, Philippe
name: Nokes, D. James
name: Cohen, Cheryl
name: Jit, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 1: SI Fig 1. Cost of RSV-associated hospitalisation in South Africa by age group. SI Fig 2. Incremental cost per DALY averted when assuming exponentially waning efficacy. SI Fig 3. Reduction in disease burden and costs, assuming a higher coverage level equivalent to BCG coverage. SI Fig 4. Reduction in disease burden and costs, if merging death incidence estimates in 3-month age brackets. SI Fig 5. Reduction in disease burden and costs, if merging death incidence estimates in 6-month age brackets. SI Table 1. Data sources and definitions for metrics used. SI Table 2. Parameter values used in the analysis. SI Table 3. Parameter estimates for exponentially waning efficacy. SI Table 4. Parameter estimates for fits of efficacy data with beta distributions. Supplementary Methods: additional information on data availability, data collection methods and fitting the efficacy data [35–56].
title: The Comparative Value of Commercial Phosphoric Acid as a Fertilizer
Creators: name: Baird, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1949

description: The practice of applying fertilizers to the soil by adding the liquid form to the irrigation water is increasing in popularity. There are several advantages maintained for such a method of application. Some of the advantages are:
(A) Ease of application
(B) No special equipment is required for application.
(C) The fertilizer can be applied at any stage of plant growth without physical disturbance of the plant.
(D) Penetration into the root zone may be greater than the dry fertilizers.
Considerable phosphate fertilizer is used on soils of irrigated regions. If the behavior of liquid phosphoric acid after its incorporation with soil is such that it penetrates into the root zone and is otherwise as efficient as dry phosphate fertilizers in inducing favorable plant response, then it would seem practical to utilize the other advantages offered by applying the fertilizer in irrigation water.
Commercial phosphoric acid (52% available P2O5) is produced by applying an excess of sulfuric acid to ground rock phosphate. This phosphoric acid is usually applied to an additional amount of phosphate rock to make concentrated superphosphate. A given quantity of phosphoric acid can yield more available phosphorus by applying it to rock phosphate than by using it directly as a fertilizer.
Because of its potential value in producing concentrated superphosphate commercial phosphoric acid has been used very little as a fertilizer. There is insufficient research in which the comparative value of the acid as a fertilizer has been investigated the purpose of the studies reported in this paper are, to compare: (A) the value of commercial phosphoric acid and concentrated superphosphate as fertilizers when applied in equivalent amounts and, (B) the different methods of application and dilution of the phosphoric acid.
Additional file 1 of A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to reducing sedentary time in adults with chronic low back pain
Creators: name: Lansing, Jeni E.
name: Ellingson, Laura D.
name: DeShaw, Kathryn J.
name: Cruz-Maldonado, Gabriel
name: Hurt, Tera R.
name: Meyer, Jacob D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1. Semi-Structured Qualitative Interview over Sedentary Intervention. The semi-strucutred interview (i.e. interview guide) developed for and used in this study.
Seafloor characterisation of the offshore sector around Scoglio d’Affrica islet (Tuscan Archipelago, northern Tyrrhenian sea)
Creators: name: Spatola, Daniele
name: Casalbore, Daniele
name: Pierdomenico, Martina
name: Conti, Alessia
name: Bigi, Sabina
name: Ingrassia, Michela
name: Ivaldi, Roberta
name: Demarte, Maurizio
name: Napoli, Simone
name: Chiocci, Francesco Latino
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: We present a very high-resolution bathy-morphological map of the offshore sector around the Scoglio d’Affrica islet (northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy). The study area covers a sector of 45 km2, between 3 and 85 m depth. Its central part, i.e. the apex of the Ridge, is characterised by a flat or gently sloping seafloor, where three mud volcanoes, and 250 pockmarks are recognised. Differently, the western and eastern Ridge flanks are steeper and characterised by 60 quasi-rectilinear escarpments and small ridges, more than 20 morphological highs, and elongated channels occasionally floored by bedforms. The seafloor shallower than 40 m is covered by Posidonia oceanica, forming compact and continuous or fragmented meadows intermingled with sandy patches. The main map represents the bathy-morphological setting of the area, which is largely affected by fluid seepage, providing insights for habitat mapping and preliminary marine geohazard assessment due to the violent gas outburst from mud volcanoes.
Additional file 2 of A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to reducing sedentary time in adults with chronic low back pain
Creators: name: Lansing, Jeni E.
name: Ellingson, Laura D.
name: DeShaw, Kathryn J.
name: Cruz-Maldonado, Gabriel
name: Hurt, Tera R.
name: Meyer, Jacob D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2. Coding Research Team Personal Characteristics. Description of personal characterisitcs of the research team members who completed the coding procedures and qualitative analysis.
title: Measuring Nonuse Values for Wilderness Designation in Utah-by Contingent Valuation Method
Creators: name: Johnson, Van R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: Since 1964, when Congress wrote the Wilderness Act, there has been an increasing amount of controversy between opponents and advocates of wilderness. Wilderness areas in Utah are not immune to this controversy. Public policy makers and land managers are in the middle of this debate. They have the responsibility to assess the resource and estimate the benefits and costs associated with creating policy.
This thesis focusses on helping policy makers and land managers recognize a benefit currently not being assessed. Nonuse values are values other than in situ use, where individuals have a value for existence of wilderness or a bequesting value for future generations. If these values exist, current policy would underestimate the benefits.
The results of this thesis revealed Utah citizens have a value for wilderness designation other than in situ use value, with estimation by contingent valuation.
title: A Study of Different Methods of Applying Ammonium Sulfate Alone and in a Complete Fertilizer
Creators: name: Burnham, Clarence
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1931

description: The beneficial effects obtained from the application of farmyard manure to the soil have long been known in Utah, but now the point has apparently been reached where it becomes evident that the supply of manure is hardly adequate in some sections where intensive cropping is predicted. The use of commercial fertilizers to increase crop yields is a new practice in Utah agriculture as is shown in Table 1 from an estimate made from data kindly furnished by the Columbia Steel Company, and Porter Walden Company.
Factorization method in the model of unstable particles with a smeared mass
Creators: name: Kuksa, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of factorization, based on the model of unstable particles with a smeared mass, is applied to the processes with an unstable particle in the intermediate state. It was shown, that in the framework of the method suggested, the decay rate and cross-section can be represented in the universal factorized form for an arbitrary set of particles. An exact factorization is caused by the specific structure of unstable particles propagators. We performed the phenomenological analysis of the factorization effect.
description: 18 pages,error corrected
Detailed balance in Horava-Lifshitz gravity
Creators: name: Calcagni, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Horava-Lifshitz gravity in the presence of a scalar field. When the detailed balance condition is implemented, a new term in the gravitational sector is added in order to maintain ultraviolet stability. The four-dimensional theory is of a scalar-tensor type with a positive cosmological constant and gravity is nonminimally coupled with the scalar and its gradient terms. The scalar field has a double-well potential and, if required to play the role of the inflation, can produce a scale-invariant spectrum. The total action is rather complicated and there is no analog of the Einstein frame where Lorentz invariance is recovered in the infrared. For these reasons it may be necessary to abandon detailed balance. We comment on open problems and future directions in anisotropic critical models of gravity.
description: 10 pages. v2: discussion expanded and improved, section on generalizations added, typos corrected, references added, conclusions unchanged
title: Economic Impact of Snowmobiling in Utah
Creators: name: Fujisaki, Ikuko
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2001

description: The purpose of this study was to estimate statewide and local economic impact resulting from snowmobiling activities in Utah to gain a better understanding of preferences and opinions of Utah snowmobilers. The results will provide valuable information for snowmobiling management.
The survey instrument was designed to describe trip behavior, snowmobiling-related trip and annual expenditures, level of satisfaction with Utah snowmobiling opportunities, and demographics. A telephone survey was conducted with randomly selected households with registered snowmobiles during the period from April to June 2000. A 54.5% response rate yielded 373 usable completed questionnaires for data analysis.
For economic impact analysis, an input-output model was applied using IMPLANTM software using the Utah Cross Industrial Matrix in 1999. From the survey, statewide trip and annual snowmobiling associated expenditures data were estimated. Then output, value added, employment, income, and tax impacts were estimated using IMPLAN. For trip characteristics, level of satisfaction, and demographics, analyses were made using descriptive statistics for quantitative data and content analysis for qualitative data. The results indicate that average household per trip and annual expenditures were $126 and $2,932, respectively. About $53 million of reported expenditures created $34 million in local output impact. Total output impact was largest in the Wasatch Front and Mountain Lands planning districts and smallest in the Southeast and Uintah Basin. These results also indicate that the most popular snowmobiling area, Hardware Ranch, Monte Cristo, and Logan Canyon area in the Bear River planning district, had not necessarily received a large economic gain. The survey participants were moderately satisfied with snowmobiling facilities and services in Utah. However, there were still needed improvements in facilities and services, especially parking space availability and trail grooming.
Rheumatological Quatrains
Creators: name: Dharmshaktu, Ganesh Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other biomedical and clinical sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The practice of rheumatology, at times, deserves newer perspective expressed through narrative tools like poetry.[1] Quatrain, a stanza, is complete poem in four lines whereas Japanese “haiku” is small poem consisting of three lines in its purest form.[2] The verses here are convenient amalgamation of the above two forms. These are inspired by haiku in their brevity and convey vivid imagery of diverse rheumatological afflictions.
Additional file 3 of A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to reducing sedentary time in adults with chronic low back pain
Creators: name: Lansing, Jeni E.
name: Ellingson, Laura D.
name: DeShaw, Kathryn J.
name: Cruz-Maldonado, Gabriel
name: Hurt, Tera R.
name: Meyer, Jacob D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 3. Deductive Codebook. Table of categories, abbreviations, and definitions of codes used in analysis.
Continuous Monitoring of Comet Holmes from Before the 2007 Outburst
Creators: name: El-Houssieny, E. E.
name: Nemiroff, R. J.
name: Pickering, T. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The outburst and subsequent brightness evolution of Comet 17P/Holmes has been observed using the MMT Observatory's All-Sky Camera (Pickering 2006) on Mt. Hopkins near Tucson, Arizona, USA. The comet was picked up at the limiting visual magnitude of 5.5 on October 24.38 and tracked by the camera continuously until sunrise four hours later. During this time the comet brightened to visual magnitude 3.5. Comet Holmes was next observed just after sunset on October 25.23 at visual magnitude 2.5 where it remained approximately constant over the next three days. The comet then began to dim slowly and was followed into the early months of 2008 with periods of dense time coverage.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, and 1 table. Revised version. Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science, 1 March, 2010