cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Social benefit evaluation on regional land consolidation based on social security function of land - A Case of Nanjing City
Creators: name: Yao, Jun
name: Yao, Jun
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Land consolidation
subject: Social benefit
subject: Evaluation
subject: China

description: Quantitative method for social benefit evaluation on land consolidation is put forward based on social security function of land. It has broken through the limitation of current social benefit evaluation on land consolidation, which can only carry out qualitative assessment. Social security of land consolidation includes three aspects of the old-age security, medical security and unemployment security. Functional values of social security, such as the old-age security, medical security and unemployment security, for three types of population (basic population, dependent population and maintenance population) are calculated according to the effective area and original production of arable land. Research result shows that the implementation of land consolidation has brought substantial social benefits. The value of old-age security is still the core, meanwhile the functions of medical security and unemployment security become more and more significant. Quantitative estimation on land consolidation benefits has important function and guiding value on evaluating the effectiveness of land consolidation project and on decision making of investment.
Improving the Detection of Small Oriented Objects in Aerial Images
Creators: name: Doloriel, Chandler Timm C.
name: Cajote, Rhandley D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Small oriented objects that represent tiny pixel-area in large-scale aerial images are difficult to detect due to their size and orientation. Existing oriented aerial detectors have shown promising results but are mainly focused on orientation modeling with less regard to the size of the objects. In this work, we proposed a method to accurately detect small oriented objects in aerial images by enhancing the classification and regression tasks of the oriented object detection model. We designed the Attention-Points Network consisting of two losses: Guided-Attention Loss (GALoss) and Box-Points Loss (BPLoss). GALoss uses an instance segmentation mask as ground-truth to learn the attention features needed to improve the detection of small objects. These attention features are then used to predict box points for BPLoss, which determines the points' position relative to the target oriented bounding box. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our Attention-Points Network on a standard oriented aerial dataset with small object instances (DOTA-v1.5) and on a maritime-related dataset (HRSC2016). The code is publicly available.
description: C. T. C. Doloriel and R. D. Cajote, "Improving the Detection of Small Oriented Objects in Aerial Images," 2023 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision Workshops (WACVW), Waikoloa, HI, USA, 2023, pp. 176-185, doi: 10.1109/WACVW58289.2023.00023
Problems and countermeasures in the investment and financing of rural small-scale water conservancy facilities in China
Creators: name: Du, Jun-Nan
name: Du, Jun-Nan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Rural irrigation and water conservancy facilities
subject: Small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities
subject: Investment and financing
subject: China

description: Small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities are significant to the improvement of agricultural infrastructure. Construction of small-scale irrigation and water conservancy facilities in rural China is seriously lagged at present. Many small-scale water conservancies are seriously aged or totally damaged without maintaining. Some measures should be adopted to enhance the construction of rural small-scale water conservancy facilities, such as increasing fiscal input, realizing the diversification of financing ways, reasonably directing the financing and laborers recruiting of the mass.
Sustainable development of rural economy based on resource endowment - A Case of Rural Areas of Pengzhou City in China
Creators: name: Wang, Mou
name: Wang, Mou
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Resources endowment
subject: Township economy of China
subject: Sustainable development

description: This paper introduces the causation of the slow development of the villages and towns in China, and puts forward the development path for agricultural economy. Taking Pengzhou City of Sichuan Province as an example, multi-angle analysis of the characteristic resources in villages and towns is carried out. Planning of the Township Industry Development Zone and the Characteristic Industrial Economic Zone are carried out. Finally, I discuss the sustainable development of township economy and the industrial distribution optimization of county economy.
Additional file 1 of Evaluation of breath, plasma, and urinary markers of lactose malabsorption to diagnose lactase non-persistence following lactose or milk ingestion
Creators: name: Aahana Shrestha
name: Barnett, Matthew P. G.
name: Perry, Jo K.
name: Cameron-Smith, David
name: Milan, Amber M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional File 1: Table S1. Response to lactose and milk ingestion. Table showing group means (lactase persistent and lactase non-persistent) means of breath H2 concentration, plasma glucose concentration, and urinary galactose/creatinine ratio following lactose (50 g), conventional milk (750 mL), or a2 Milk™ (750 mL).
Compaction of pharmaceutical powders on a high-speed rotary press
Creators: name: Zhao, Jinying
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: BACKGROUND: The compression behavior of pharmaceutical powders has been previously shown to significantly influence the quality and commercial viability of a tablet formulation. The compression conditions have also been reported to affect the behavior of a tablet formulation. Formulations developed on small-scale analytical tableting machines may not work on high-speed rotary presses that are the most commonly used commercial presses. OBJECTIVE: The overall objective of this research was to model the in-process compression behavior of pharmaceutical powders during high-speed compression based on viscoelastic theory and porosity-pressure relationships, which might provide an effective tool in characterization and prediction of the compression behavior of pharmaceutical powders. METHODS: Five pharmaceutical materials with well-established compression properties were compressed using an instrumented Manesty Betapress under representative manufacturing conditions. Two methods were used to model the compression data. Firstly, the time dependent behavior of the materials was investigated based on viscoelastic models describing a continuous body. Secondly, the compression data were evaluated based on two mathematical equations describing powder densification process, namely the Heckel equation (a well-known equation in the field) and the Gurnham equation (a new model proposed for pharmaceutical powder compaction in this work). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Modeling of the compression process using viscoelastic theory was not very successful. The measured stress-strain responses suggested that powder densification behavior instead of viscoelastic behavior dominates most of the compression phase. Nonetheless, the behavior of two ductile materials under relatively low pressures displayed viscoelastic characteristics during their peak offset phase. However, the modeling results using powder densification equations seemed promising. Using results at peak pressure, linear relationships between pressure and porosity following the Gurnham equation were observed and the slopes of these linear plots were related to the compressibility of materials. Compared to the well-known Heckel equation, the Gurnham equation provided reasonable predictions for pure brittle materials and processed compounds, which has always been a limitation of the Heckel equation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this work seem to suggest that the powder densification approach is more appropriate in describing the compression process under current experimental setting than the viscoelastic approach. Moreover, the powder densification equation proposed in this work, the Gurnham equation, shows potential in modeling the behavior of pharmaceutical powders during high-speed compression.
Counterfactual Analysis and Target Setting in Benchmarking
Creators: name: Bogetoft, Peter
name: Ramírez-Ayerbe, Jasone
name: Morales, Dolores Romero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) allows us to capture the complex relationship between multiple inputs and outputs in firms and organizations. Unfortunately, managers may find it hard to understand a DEA model and this may lead to mistrust in the analyses and to difficulties in deriving actionable information from the model. In this paper, we propose to use the ideas of target setting in DEA and of counterfactual analysis in Machine Learning to overcome these problems. We define DEA counterfactuals or targets as alternative combinations of inputs and outputs that are close to the original inputs and outputs of the firm and lead to desired improvements in its performance. We formulate the problem of finding counterfactuals as a bilevel optimization model. For a rich class of cost functions, reflecting the effort an inefficient firm will need to spend to change to its counterfactual, finding counterfactual explanations boils down to solving Mixed Integer Convex Quadratic Problems with linear constraints. We illustrate our approach using both a small numerical example and a real-world dataset on banking branches.
Restoration of azimuthal symmetry of muon densities in extended air showers
Creators: name: Arsene, Nicusor
name: Roth, Markus
name: Sima, Octavian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: At ground level, the azimuthal distribution of muons in inclined Extensive Air Showers (EAS) is asymmetric, mainly due to geometric effects. Several EAS observables sensitive to the primary particle mass, are constructed after mapping the density of secondary particles from the ground plane to the shower plane (perpendicular to the shower axis). A simple orthogonal projection of the muon coordinates onto this plane distorts the azimuthal symmetry in the shower plane. Using CORSIKA simulations, we correct for this distortion by projecting each muon onto the normal plane following its incoming direction, taking also into account the attenuation probability. We show that besides restoring the azimuthal symmetry of muons density around the shower axis, the application of this procedure has a significant impact on the reconstruction of the distribution of the muon production depth and of its maximum, $X_{\rm max}^μ$, which is an EAS observable sensitive to the primary particle mass. Our results qualitatively suggest that not including it in the reconstruction process of $X_{\rm max}^μ$ may introduce a bias in the results obtained by analyzing the actual data on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations.
description: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Instantons on Quivers and Orientifolds
Creators: name: Fucito, Francesco
name: Morales, Jose F.
name: Poghossian, Rubik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the prepotential for gauge theories descending from ${\cal N}=4$ SYM via quiver projections and mass deformations. This accounts for gauge theories with product gauge groups and bifundamental matter. The case of massive orientifold gauge theories with gauge group SO/Sp is also described. In the case with no gravitational corrections the results are shown to be in agreement with Seiberg-Witten analysis and previous results in the literature.
description: 28 pages, revised version, references added, some typos corrected
Additional file 1 of Serious infections in people with systemic sclerosis: a national US study
Creators: name: Singh, Jasvinder A.
name: Cleveland, John D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 : Appendix 1. ICD-10-CM codes for serious infections. Appendix 2. Characteristics of people with serious infection in cohorts with versus without systemic sclerosis. Appendix 3. Characteristics of patients with each hospitalized serious infection as primary diagnosis in people with systemic sclerosis as a secondary diagnosis. Appendix 4. Frequency of serious infections in people with systemic sclerosis over time. Appendix 5. Serious Infection Rate in the general NIS cohort per 100,000 NIS population. Appendix 6. Rate of serious infections in people with systemic sclerosis over time using two denominators. Appendix 7. Contrast between the first and the last study periods, 1998-2000 versus 2015-2016 for healthcare utilization and mortality outcomes in people with systemic sclerosis. Appendix 8. Time-trends in the length of hospital stay and total hospital charges across all study periods, 1998-2000 from 2015-2016 in people with systemic sclerosis hospitalized with each serious infection
Behavior patterns of rural government in product structure adjustment of planting industry - A of Case Cangshan County in Shandong Province, China
Creators: name: Gao, Ren
name: Xing, Angang
name: Gao, Ren
name: Xing, Angang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Production Economics
subject: Planting industry of China
subject: Product structure adjustment
subject: Rural government behavior pattern

description: This paper introduces the three behavior relationship patterns between rural government and peasant household in the product structure adjustment of planting industry in China. Based on the investigation on the government behavior in product structure adjustment of Cangshan County of China, we summarize and evaluate the 5 representative types of rural government behavior. Analysis results show that the optimization of rural government behavior pattern in China is beneficial to the optimization of household behavior and the product structure of planting industry. Finally, we put forward related countermeasures for optimizing the rural government behavior.
2024 Update on $\varepsilon_K$ with lattice QCD inputs
Creators: name: Jwa, Seungyeob
name: Kim, Jeehun
name: Kim, Sunghee
name: Lee, Sunkyu
name: Lee, Weonjong
name: Leem, Jaehoon
name: Park, Sungwoo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report recent progress on $\varepsilon_K$ evaluated directly from the standard model (SM) with lattice QCD inputs such as $\hat{B}_K$, exclusive $|V_{cb}|$, $|V_{us}|$, $|V_{ud}|$, $ξ_0$, $ξ_2$, $ξ_\text{LD}$, $f_K$, and $m_c$. We find that the standard model with exclusive $|V_{cb}|$ and lattice QCD inputs describes only $2/3 \cong 65\%$ of the experimental value of $|\varepsilon_K|$ and does not explain its remaining 35\%, which represents a strong tension in $|\varepsilon_K|$ at the $5.1σ\sim 4.1σ$ level between the SM theory and experiment. We also find that this tension disappears when we use the inclusive value of $|V_{cb}|$ obtained using the heavy quark expansion based on the QCD sum rule approach. We also report results for $|\varepsilon_K|$ obtained using the Brod-Gorbahn-Stamou (BGS) method for $η_i$ of $u-t$ unitarity, which leads to even a stronger tension of $5.7σ\sim 4.2σ$ with lattice QCD inputs.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, Lattice 2024 proceeding. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:2312.02986, arXiv:2301.12375
MAKTABGACHA TA'LIM TASHKILOTLARIDA INNOVATSION BOSHQARUV VA RAQAMLI SAVODXONLIK
Creators: name: Temirov, A.A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Mazkur maqolada innovatsion yondashuvlar asosida maktabgacha ta'lim tashkilotlarini boshqarishning hozirgi holati va muammolari hamda xodimlarning raqamli savodxonligini oshirish bosqichlari keltirilgan.
Quantum backreaction (Casimir) effect I. What are admissible idealizations?
Creators: name: Herdegen, Andrzej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Casimir effect, in a broad interpretation which we adopt here, consists in a backreaction of a quantum system to adiabatically changing external conditions. Although the system is usually taken to be a quantum field, we show that this restriction rather blurs than helps to clarify the statement of the problem. We discuss the problem from the point of view of algebraic structure of quantum theory, which is most appropriate in this context. The system in question may be any quantum system, among others both finite as infinite dimensional canonical systems are allowed. A simple finite-dimensional model is discussed. We identify precisely the source of difficulties and infinities in most of traditional treatments of the problem for infinite dimensional systems (such as quantum fields), which is incompatibility of algebras of observables or their representations. We formulate conditions on model idealizations which are acceptable for the discussion of the adiabatic backreaction problem. In the case of quantum field models in that class we find that the normal ordered energy density is a well defined distribution, yielding global energy in the limit of a unit test function. Although we see the "zero point" expressions as inappropriate, we show how they can arise in the quantum field theory context as a result of uncontrollable manipulations.
description: 40 pages, AMS-LaTeX; to appear in Ann. H. Poincare
Jewel Optics I: non-redundant Fizeau beam combination without the guilt
Creators: name: Taras, Adam K.
name: Piroscia, Grace
name: Tuthill, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The enduring technique of aperture masking interferometry, now more than 150 years old, is still widely practised today for it opens a window of high angular resolution astronomy that remains difficult to access by any competing technology. However, the requirement to apodise the pupil into a non-redundant array dramatically limits the throughput, typically to $\sim$10\% or less. This in turn has a dramatic impact on sensitivity, limiting observational reach to only bright science targets. This paper presents "Jewel Optics", a technology that leverages the gains in signal fidelity conferred by non-redundant Fizeau beam combination without the sensitivity penalty incurred by traditional aperture masks. Our approach fragments the pupil into several sets of sparse-array non-redundant patterns, each of which is encoded onto a unique phase wedge. After extensive searching, solutions could be found where all individual sets are fully non-redundant while fully tiling the available area of the input pupil. Each pattern is assigned a common phase wedge which diverts light from those sub-apertures onto a unique, defined region of the detector. We demonstrate a prototype designed for use in the VAMPIRES instrument at the Subaru telescope and find excellent agreement between the design and lab results. We discuss a design refinement for producing fully achromatic Jewel Optics, and finally we highlight the potential for future work with these optical components.
description: 24 pages, 21 figures, 1 video
Additional file 1 of Identifying epigenetic biomarkers of established prognostic factors and survival in a clinical cohort of individuals with oropharyngeal cancer
Creators: name: Langdon, Ryan
name: Richmond, Rebecca
name: Elliott, Hannah R.
name: Dudding, Tom
name: Kazmi, Nabila
name: Penfold, Chris
name: Ingarfield, Kate
name: Ho, Karen
name: Bretherick, Andrew
name: Haley, Chris
name: Yanni Zeng
name: Walker, Rosie M.
name: Pawlita, Michael
name: Waterboer, Tim
name: Gaunt, Tom
name: Smith, George Davey
name: Suderman, Matthew
name: Thomas, Steve
name: Ness, Andy
name: Relton, Caroline
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1:Supplementary Figure 1. Heatmap showing correlation between top CpG sites (P<1x10-7) from each prognostic factor (alcohol consumption, HPV16 E6 seropositivity and smoking) and survival EWAS (Model 1: ~3-year survival adjusted for age sex and surrogate variables; Model 2: as Model 1, additionally adjusted for HPV16E6 seropositivity, smoking status and alcohol intake). Strength of association is shown by depth of colour; deeper red denotes a stronger phenotypic association with a hypermethylated CpG and deeper cyan denotes a stronger phenotypic association with a hypomethylated CpG. Supplementary Figure 2. - Surrogate variables correlated at P<0.05 (Pearson's) with laser surgery in HN5000. Supplementary Figure 3. - Surrogate variables correlated at P<0.05 (Pearson's) with surgery on an OPC primary tumour in HN5000. Supplementary Figure 4. - Surrogate variables correlated at P<0.05 (Pearson's) with neck resection surgery in HN5000. Supplementary Figure 5. - Surrogate variables correlated at P<0.05 (Pearson's) with teletherapy in HN5000. Supplementary Figure 6. - Surrogate variables correlated at P<0.05 (Pearson's) with chemotherapy in HN5000. Supplementary Figure 7. - Surrogate variables correlated at P<0.05 (Pearson's) with chemoradiotherapy in HN5000. Supplementary Figure 8. - Surrogate variables correlated at P<0.05 (Pearson's) with TNM stage in HN5000. Supplementary Figure 9. - Surrogate variables correlated at P<0.05 (Pearson's) with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in HN5000.
Economics of Pearl Oyster Culture
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Poirine, Bernard
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Poirine, Bernard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: pearl industry
subject: black pearls
subject: South Sea pearls

description: In this paper, the market situation of the pearl industry is examined and changes in its structure are related to new technologies. Differences in the industry’s socio-economic impacts are explored, sources of market supply are specified and factors involved in the marketing of pearls are given particular attention. Most, but not exclusive attention, is given to the experiences of the Australian pearl industry and that of French Polynesia. Australia is the major global producer of South Sea pearls and French Polynesia is the main supplier of black pearls.
Many Body Scars as a Group Invariant Sector of Hilbert Space
Creators: name: Pakrouski, Kiryl
name: Pallegar, Preethi N.
name: Popov, Fedor K.
name: Klebanov, Igor R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a class of Hamiltonians $H$ for which a sector of the Hilbert space invariant under a Lie group $G$, which is not a symmetry of $H$, possesses the essential properties of many-body scar states. These include the absence of thermalization and the "revivals" of special initial states in time evolution. Some of the scar states found in earlier work may be viewed as special cases of our construction. A particular class of examples concerns interacting spin-1/2 fermions on a lattice consisting of $N$ sites (it includes deformations of the Fermi-Hubbard model as special cases), and we show that it contains two families of $N+1$ scar states. One of these families, which was found in recent literature, is comprised of the well-known $η$-pairing states. We find another family of scar states which is $U(N)$ invariant. Both families and most of the group-invariant scar states produced by our construction in general, give rise to the off-diagonal long range order which survives at high temperatures and is insensitive to the details of the dynamics. Such states could be used for reliable quantum information processing because the information is stored non-locally, and thus cannot be easily erased by local perturbations. In contrast, other scar states we find are product states which could be easily prepared experimentally. The dimension of scar subspace is directly controlled by the choice of group $G$ and can be made exponentially large.
description: v3: restructured, significantly improved readability, version accepted to PRL
The Economic Importance of Wildlife Conservation on the Otago Peninsula - 20 years on
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Yellow-eyed Penguins
subject: Ngos
subject: wildlife conservations
subject: New Zealand
subject: economic impact

description: This article updates a paper which I wrote in 1988 about the economic value of biodiversity conservation on the Otago Peninsula and the scope for expanding wildlife tourism there. After outlining different ways to measure the economic importance of wildlife, I use economic impact analysis to measure the current importance of wildlife tourism on the Otago Peninsula. However, it is also pointed out that the activities of bodies such as the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust and the Department of Conservation have positive regional economic impacts. The specific methods and assumptions used for this economic analysis are outlined. The gross annual turnover of enterprises directly involved in the viewing of wildlife on the Peninsula is of the order of $6.5 million per year and they employ the equivalent of 70 full-time persons. With multiplier or flow-on effects these economic magnitudes are higher. However, the economic impact of wildlife tourism based on the Peninsula is much greater. The presence of wildlife on the Peninsula attracts travellers to the Dunedin region who would otherwise not visit and entices some who would have visited anyway to stay longer. This increases local expenditure on accommodation, food and so on. As a result, it is estimated that an extra $100 million, or so in expenditure occurs in Dunedin’s regional economy and employment is increased by the equivalent of 800-1000 full-time positions. The economic impact of wildlife on Dunedin’s regional economy has increased by more than eleven-fold in the last 20 years. While growth in tourism on the Peninsula is still possible, it is likely to be at a slower rate than in the past. This is because capacity constraints are being encountered. Furthermore, the future security of the Peninsula’s flagship species is not assured. In addition, problems are emerging where there is free access to areas where wildlife may be seen. It is observed that the opportunity cost of conserving most wildlife on the Otago Peninsula is low, but some conflict may be occurring between wildlife conservation and human uses of marine areas. The paper, however, makes it quite clear that the loss of wildlife on the Otago Peninsula would result in a huge economic loss to the Dunedin region.
Prediction of scientific collaborations through multiplex interaction networks
Creators: name: Tuninetti, Marta
name: Aleta, Alberto
name: Paolotti, Daniela
name: Moreno, Yamir
name: Starnini, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Link prediction algorithms can help to understand the structure and dynamics of scientific collaborations and the evolution of Science. However, available algorithms based on similarity between nodes of collaboration networks are bounded by the limited amount of links present in these networks. In this work, we reduce the latter intrinsic limitation by generalizing the Adamic-Adar method to multiplex networks composed by an arbitrary number of layers, that encode diverse forms of scientific interactions. We show that the new metric outperforms other single-layered, similarity-based scores and that scientific credit, represented by citations, and common interests, measured by the usage of common keywords, can be predictive of new collaborations. Our work paves the way for a deeper understanding of the dynamics driving scientific collaborations, and provides a new algorithm for link prediction in multiplex networks that can be applied to a plethora of systems.
Valuing the Otago Peninsula: The Economic Benefits of Conservation
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: New Zealand
subject: Yellow-Eyed Penguins
subject: NGOs
subject: wildlife conservation
subject: tourism

description: It is suggested that valuing objects is a distinctive human trait. It is a prerequisite for rational behaviour. Factors that are likely to influence valuations, the difficulties of getting agreements about valuations and the limited perspective of economics as a basis for valuation are discussed generally. Attributes of Otago Peninsula that seem to be valuable and worth conserving are listed and discuss taking into account possible conflicts in getting maximum value from these attributes. Particular attention is given to the economic value of conserving wildlife species on the Otago Peninsula. It is estimated that as a result of the presence of these species and their use for tourism, expenditure of over $100 million annually is generated in the Dunedin regional economy (directly or indirectly) and that 800-1000 full-time equivalent jobs are created. The economic opportunity cost of this wildlife conservation on the Peninsula is low and it is clear that the economic benefits from this conservation are well in excess of the costs involved. When non-use economic values and the social values associated with Otago Peninsula are taken into account, this further adds to the value of conserving this wildlife. While there has been remarkable expansion in wildlife tourism on the Otago Peninsula and its economic impact in the Dunedin region in the last two decades, (especially in the viewing of yellow-eyed penguins) difficulties and constraints are emerging that are likely to hamper its future expansion. However, wildlife tourism on the Otago Peninsula will still have a huge economic impact on Dunedin regional economy. Consequently, even if assessed solely in terms of their economic value, the wildlife attractions of the Otago Peninsula are well worth conserving. It can be argued however, that the value of conserving biodiversity on the Peninsula exceeds its touristic and its economic value. Some conservation organizations (such as the Yellow-eyed Penguin Trust) even though not directly involved in tourism add to its economic value as well as its social value and promote the highly desired goal of conserving biodiversity.
Resummed one-loop gluonic contributions to the color superconducting color charge density vanish
Creators: name: Gerhold, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that gluonic corrections to the tadpole diagrams vanish in the 2SC and CFL phases at the order where one might have expected NLO corrections. This implies that the gluonic part of the color charge density is negligible at the order of our computation. This statement remains true after inclusion of the gluon vertex correction and contributions from Nambu-Goldstone bosons.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, REVTeX4; title modified, comments about gauge independence added, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Semantic Captioning: Benchmark Dataset and Graph-Aware Few-Shot In-Context Learning for SQL2Text
Creators: name: Al-Lawati, Ali
name: Lucas, Jason
name: Mitra, Prasenjit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in various NLP tasks, including semantic parsing, which translates natural language into formal code representations. However, the reverse process, translating code into natural language, termed semantic captioning, has received less attention. This task is becoming increasingly important as LLMs are integrated into platforms for code generation, security analysis, and educational purposes. In this paper, we focus on the captioning of SQL query (SQL2Text) to address the critical need for understanding and explaining SQL queries in an era where LLM-generated code poses potential security risks. We repurpose Text2SQL datasets for SQL2Text by introducing an iterative ICL prompt using GPT-4o to generate multiple additional utterances, which enhances the robustness of the datasets for the reverse task. We conduct our experiments using in-context learning (ICL) based on different sample selection methods, emphasizing smaller, more computationally efficient LLMs. Our findings demonstrate that leveraging the inherent graph properties of SQL for ICL sample selection significantly outperforms random selection by up to 39% on BLEU score and provides better results than alternative methods. Dataset and codes are published: https://github.com/aliwister/ast-icl.
Cécile Chaminade : a composer at work
Creators: name: McCann, Karen Jee-Hae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Despite her great popularity in her lifetime, nowadays Cecile Louise Stephanie Chaminade (1857 - 1944) is only a name in the relatively short list of successful women composers. While there is a trend in current musicology to focus on women composers and musicians, the existing literature on Chaminade is limited to a couple of biographies, and a few book chapters, the most significant resource to date being Marcia J. Citron's “Cecile Chaminade: A Bio-Bibliography”. In light of the scarcity of writings on Chaminade, this thesis will discuss her life and selected compositions with the purpose of uncovering the composer's most salient musical characteristics. Chapter one will begin with a biographical sketch and brief discussion of the cultural context of Chaminade's time. In chapter two, I provide analyses of three of Chaminade's songs (“Chanson slave”, “Rosemonde”, and “Tu me dirais”), as well as discussions of three songs by her contemporaries (Jules Massenet, Augusta Holmes, and Vincent d’Indy) in order to compare subject matter and musical techniques. To round off the chapter, I conclude with an overview of a few piano pieces by Chaminade (“Serenade, Op. 29” and “Sonata, Op. 21”, movements 2 and 3) and by her favourite composer, Camille Saint-Saëns (“Chanson Napolitaine”, from “Album pour piano, Op. 72”). Chapter three is devoted to an analysis of Chaminade's large-scale dramatic work, “Les Amazones, op. 26”, a composition that displays both operatic and symphonic characteristics. Finally, I conclude with a general summary of Chaminade's style, in light of the compositions discussed. Through this thesis, my hope is that more interest will be piqued in this most fascinating French woman composer, and by extension, in the many women composers yet to be discovered.
The Origins and Evolutionary Status of B Stars Found Far From the Galactic Plane I: Composition and Spectral Features
Creators: name: Martin, J. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of faint blue stars far above the galactic plane, which have spectra that are similar to nearby Population I B stars, present several interesting questions. Among them are: Can a Population I B star travel from the disk to a position many kiloparsecs above the plane in a relatively short main sequence lifetime? Is it possible that single massive star formation is occurring far from the galactic plane? Are these objects something else masquerading as main sequence B stars? This paper (the first of two) analyzes the abundances of a sample of these stars and reveals several which are chemically similar to nearby Population I B stars while others clearly have abundance patterns more like those expected in BHB or PAGB stars. Several of those with old evolved star abundances also have interesting features of note in their spectra. We also consider why this sample does not have any classical Be stars and identify at least two nearby solar metallicity BHB stars.
description: 43 pages; 13 figures; 14 tables; accepted for publication in AJ
Policy Choices about Agricultural Externalities and Sustainability: Diverse Approaches, Options and Issues
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: market failure
subject: environmental externalities
subject: adverse selection
subject: agriculture

description: This paper reviews agricultural externalities as a source of market failure and as a reason for a lack of sustainability of agricultural incomes and production. It concentrates mainly on environmental externalities (which include biodiversity loss) but consideration is also given to externalities involving adverse selection. Types of agricultural externalities are classified and their nature is explored. Depending on their type and nature, different policy implications often follow. For example, no intervention may be required, or it may be reasonable for a farmer to have to pay to create an unfavourable externality or be paid to moderate or eliminate it. Adverse selection is also an externality phenomenon and some of its implications for agricultural policy are explored. Traditionally, environmental economics has focused on economic efficiency in formulating policies for environmental regulation but equity is also important in relation to public policy. The implications of various equity principles for designing policies to address the occurrence of agricultural externalities are outlined. Attention is subsequently centered on the economic practicality of agricultural environmental policies when account is taken of transaction costs and knowledge limitations, as well as the political and social acceptability of such policies. These factors can alter the choice of ideal policies. Biodiversity change (conservation and loss) involving agriculture is considered as a particular case. By showing the relevance for agricultural policy of diverse foci, this study accords with the polycentric approach of Konrad Hagedorn. His approach should make us wary of cut-and-dried specific but narrow policy solutions that characterise traditional environmental economics. The "exactitude" of these solutions appears in many cases to be obtained at the expense of relevance.
Spectrum of quenched twisted mass lattice QCD at maximal twist
Creators: name: Abdel-Rehim, Abdou M.
name: Lewis, Randy
name: Woloshyn, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hadron masses are computed from quenched twisted mass lattice QCD for a degenerate doublet of up and down quarks with the twist angle set to pi/2, since this maximally twisted theory is expected to be free of linear discretization errors. Two separate definitions of the twist angle are used, and the hadron masses for these two cases are compared. The flavor breaking, that can arise due to twisting, is discussed in the context of mass splittings within the Delta(1232) multiplet.
description: 23 pages, 16 figures, added discussion of pion decay constant
Global Warming and the Future of Pacific Island Countries
Creators: name: Tisdell, Clement A.
name: Tisdell, Clement A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: climate change
subject: environmental Kuznets curve
subject: global warming
subject: Kyoto Protocol
subject: Pacific islands
subject: post Kyoto
subject: sea-level rise
subject: small island developing states
subject: Stern Report.

description: This article briefly outlines the cause of global warming, its trends and consequences as indicated by the International Panel on Climate Change. Sea-level rise is one consequence of particular concern to Pacific island states. It also reviews the views of economists about connections between economic growth and global warming. Whereas the majority of economists did not foresee a conflict between economic growth and global warming, the possibility of such a conflict is now more widely recognized following the Stern Report. International efforts, such as through the Kyoto Protocol, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and their atmospheric concentration are discussed and prospects for post-Kyoto policies are considered. It is predicted that a significant reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions is unlikely to be achieved in the foreseeable future due to conflicting national interest (a prisoners’ dilemma problem) and because it will take time to develop new technologies which will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, payment for greenhouse gas emissions (for example, via tradable permits) will accelerate desirable technological advance. Both international political action and efforts to develop and use technologies that lower greenhouse gas emissions need to be pursued. Given current and likely increases in greenhouse gas emissions, continuing global warming in this century appears to be inevitable and consequently Pacific island states will be adversely affected by sea-level rise and climate change. How they will be affected and to what extent is discussed together with their ability to cope with the emerging problem. Ways are also examined of addressing the consequences for Pacific island states of global warming.
A Framework of Hierarchical Attacks to Network Controllability
Creators: name: Lou, Yang
name: Wang, Lin
name: Chen, Guanrong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Network controllability robustness reflects how well a networked dynamical system can maintain its controllability against destructive attacks. This paper investigates the network controllability robustness from the perspective of a malicious attack. A framework of hierarchical attack is proposed, by means of edge- or node-removal attacks. Edges (or nodes) in a target network are classified hierarchically into categories, with different priorities to attack. The category of critical edges (or nodes) has the highest priority to be selected for attack. Extensive experiments on nine synthetic networks and nine real-world networks show the effectiveness of the proposed hierarchical attack strategies for destructing the network controllability. From the protection point of view, this study suggests that the critical edges and nodes should be hidden from the attackers. This finding helps better understand the network controllability and better design robust networks.
description: 10 pages,10 figures
Direct homologous dsDNA-dsDNA pairing: how, where and why?
Creators: name: Mazur, Alexey K.
name: Nguyen, Tinh-Suong
name: Gladyshev, Eugene
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The ability of homologous chromosomes (or selected chromosomal loci) to pair specifically in the apparent absence of DNA breakage and recombination represents a prominent feature of eukaryotic biology. The mechanism of homology recognition at the basis of such recombination-independent pairing has remained elusive. A number of studies have supported the idea that sequence homology can be sensed between intact DNA double helices in vivo. In particular, recent analyses of the two silencing phenomena in fungi, known as repeat-induced point mutation (RIP) and meiotic silencing by unpaired DNA (MSUD), have provided genetic evidence for the existence of the direct homologous dsDNA-dsDNA pairing. Both RIP and MSUD likely rely on the same search strategy, by which dsDNA segments are matched as arrays of interspersed base-pair triplets. This process is general and very efficient, yet it proceeds normally without the RecA/Rad51/Dmc1 proteins. Further studies of RIP and MSUD may yield surprising insights into the function of DNA in the cell.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, "Perspective" paper for JMB