cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Eigenvalues of non-hermitian random matrices and Brown measure of non-normal operators: hermitian reduction and linearization method
Creators: name: Belinschi, Serban
name: Sniady, Piotr
name: Speicher, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the Brown measure of certain non-hermitian operators arising from Voiculescu's free probability theory. Usually those operators appear as the limit in *-moments of certain ensembles of non-hermitian random matrices, and the Brown measure gives then a canonical candidate for the limit eigenvalue distribution of the random matrices. A prominent class for our operators is given by polynomials in *-free variables. Other explicit examples include R-diagonal elements and elliptic elements, for which the Brown measure was already known, and a new class of triangular-elliptic elements. Our method for the calculation of the Brown measure is based on a rigorous mathematical treatment of the hermitian reduction method, as considered in the physical literature, combined with subordination ideas and the linearization trick.
description: final version
Flatness, weakly lex colimits, and free exact completions
Creators: name: Tendas, Giacomo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18E08, 18A35, 18D20, 18B25

description: We capture in the context of lex colimits, introduced by Garner and Lack, the universal property of the free regular and Barr-exact completions of a weakly lex category. This is done by introducing a notion of flatness for functors $F\colon\mathcal C\to\mathcal E$ with lex codomain, and using this to describe the universal property of free $Φ$-exact completions in the absence of finite limits, for any given class $Φ$ of lex weights. In particular, we shall give necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of free lextensive and free pretopos completions in the non-lex world, and prove that the ultraproducts, in the categories of models of such completions, satisfy an universal property.
description: Journal version, minor changes
title: Human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp65 is detected in all intra- and extra-axial brain tumours independent of the tumour type or grade
Creators: name: Libard, Sylwia
name: Popova, S.N.
name: Amini, R.M.
name: Kärjä, V.
name: Pietiläinen, T.
name: Hämäläinen, K.M.
name: Sundström, C.
name: Hesselager, G.
name: Bergqvist, M.
name: Ekman, S.
name: Zetterling, M.
name: Smits, A.
name: Nilsson, P.
name: Pfeifer, S.
name: Diaz De Ståhl, T.
name: Enblad, G.
name: Ponten, F.
name: Alafuzoff, I.
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Introduction: Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been suggested being associated with brain tumors such as glioblastoma (GBM). Objectives: To examine expression of HCMV proteins in various brain tumors and to assess the relationship of eventual HCMV expression with the type or grade of the[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: Joint-Meeting of the German Society for Neuropathology and Neuroanatomy (DGNN) and the Scandinavian Neuropathological Society (SNS)
Excitation of radiationless anapole mode of isotropic dielectric nanoparticles with tightly focused radially polarized beam
Creators: name: Wei, Lei
name: Xi, Zheng
name: Bhattacharya, Nandini
name: Urbach, H. Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A high index dielectric nano-sphere can be excited and yet remain radiationless. A method to excite the non-radiating anapole mode of a high index isotropic dielectric nanosphere is presented. With tightly focused radially polarized beam illumination, the main-contributing electric dipole mode and magnetic modes can be zero with only a weak electric quadruple contributing to the total scattering. Further, with a standing wave illumination formed by two counter-propagating focused radially polarized beam under $4π$ configuration, the ideal radiationless ananpole can be excited.
How to avoid mass matrix for linear hyperbolic problems
Creators: name: Abgrall, Remi
name: Bacigaluppi, Paola
name: Tokareva, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65M60

description: We are interested in the numerical solution of linear hyperbolic problems using continuous finite elements of arbitrary order. It is well known that this kind of methods, once the weak formulation has been written, leads to a system of ordinary differential equations in $\R^N$, where $N$ is the number of degrees of freedom. The solution of the resulting ODE system involves the inversion of a sparse mass matrix that is not block diagonal. Here we show how to avoid this step, and what are the consequences of the choice of the finite element space. Numerical examples show the correctness of our approach.
description: Preliminary version of the ENUMATH 15 proceedings
Iterative Judgment Aggregation
Creators: name: Slavkovik, Marija
name: Jamroga, Wojciech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Judgment aggregation problems form a class of collective decision-making problems represented in an abstract way, subsuming some well known problems such as voting. A collective decision can be reached in many ways, but a direct one-step aggregation of individual decisions is arguably most studied. Another way to reach collective decisions is by iterative consensus building -- allowing each decision-maker to change their individual decision in response to the choices of the other agents until a consensus is reached. Iterative consensus building has so far only been studied for voting problems. Here we propose an iterative judgment aggregation algorithm, based on movements in an undirected graph, and we study for which instances it terminates with a consensus. We also compare the computational complexity of our iterative procedure with that of related judgment aggregation operators.
Kumaraswamy autoregressive moving average models for double bounded environmental data
Creators: name: Bayer, Fábio Mariano
name: Bayer, Débora Missio
name: Pumi, Guilherme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper we introduce the Kumaraswamy autoregressive moving average models (KARMA), which is a dynamic class of models for time series taking values in the double bounded interval $(a,b)$ following the Kumaraswamy distribution. The Kumaraswamy family of distribution is widely applied in many areas, especially hydrology and related fields. Classical examples are time series representing rates and proportions observed over time. In the proposed KARMA model, the median is modeled by a dynamic structure containing autoregressive and moving average terms, time-varying regressors, unknown parameters and a link function. We introduce the new class of models and discuss conditional maximum likelihood estimation, hypothesis testing inference, diagnostic analysis and forecasting. In particular, we provide closed-form expressions for the conditional score vector and conditional Fisher information matrix. An application to environmental real data is presented and discussed.
description: 25 pages, 4 tables, 4 figures
title: Impfung – eine neue Strategie zur Bekämpfung der antimikrobiellen Resistenz
Creators: name: Bekeredjian-Ding, Isabelle
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Die weltweite Zunahme der Antibiotikaresistenz stellt zunehmend die Wirksamkeit der empirischen Antibiose in Frage. Antibiotic Stewardship-Programme können zwar den unnötigen Einsatz von Antibiotika vermeiden und dadurch die Selektion und Geschwindigkeit der Resistenzentwicklung reduzieren,[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Infektiologie Update 2016; 25. Jahrestagung der Paul-Ehrlich-Gesellschaft für Chemotherapie (PEG)
A high-order nonconservative approach for hyperbolic equations in fluid dynamics
Creators: name: Abgrall, Remi
name: Bacigaluppi, P
name: Tokareva, S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is well known, thanks to Lax-Wendroff theorem, that the local conservation of a numerical scheme for a conservative hyperbolic system is a simple and systematic way to guarantee that, if stable, a scheme will provide a sequence of solutions that will converge to a weak solution of the continuous problem. In [1], it is shown that a nonconservative scheme will not provide a good solution. The question of using, nevertheless, a nonconservative formulation of the system and getting the correct solution has been a long-standing debate. In this paper, we show how get a relevant weak solution from a pressure-based formulation of the Euler equations of fluid mechanics. This is useful when dealing with nonlinear equations of state because it is easier to compute the internal energy from the pressure than the opposite. This makes it possible to get oscillation free solutions, contrarily to classical conservative methods. An extension to multiphase flows is also discussed, as well as a multidimensional extension.
Sample-efficient Model-based Reinforcement Learning for Quantum Control
Creators: name: Khalid, Irtaza
name: Weidner, Carrie A.
name: Jonckheere, Edmond A.
name: Shermer, Sophie G.
name: Langbein, Frank C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a model-based reinforcement learning (RL) approach for noisy time-dependent gate optimization with improved sample complexity over model-free RL. Sample complexity is the number of controller interactions with the physical system. Leveraging an inductive bias, inspired by recent advances in neural ordinary differential equations (ODEs), we use an auto-differentiable ODE parametrised by a learnable Hamiltonian ansatz to represent the model approximating the environment whose time-dependent part, including the control, is fully known. Control alongside Hamiltonian learning of continuous time-independent parameters is addressed through interactions with the system. We demonstrate an order of magnitude advantage in the sample complexity of our method over standard model-free RL in preparing some standard unitary gates with closed and open system dynamics, in realistic numerical experiments incorporating single shot measurements, arbitrary Hilbert space truncations and uncertainty in Hamiltonian parameters. Also, the learned Hamiltonian can be leveraged by existing control methods like GRAPE for further gradient-based optimization with the controllers found by RL as initializations. Our algorithm that we apply on nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers and transmons in this paper is well suited for controlling partially characterised one and two qubit systems.
description: 14+10 pages, 6+6 figures, revised version
title: Five promising consumer business models to transform low carbon heating and well-being in the home - Presentation covering main report
Creators: name: Energy Systems Catapult
Publisher: name: ETI
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Smart Systems and Heat
subject: ENERGY EFFICIENCY (Residential and commercial)
subject: OTHER CROSS-CUTTING TECHNOLOGIES or RESEARCH (Other Supporting Data)

description: A presentation describing five consumer business models that could transform low carbon heating and well-being in the home.
70 years of Sunspot Observations at Kanzelhöhe Observatory: systematic study of parameters affecting the derivation of the relative sunspot number
Creators: name: Pötzi, Werner
name: Veronig, Astrid M.
name: Temmer, Manuela
name: Baumgartner, Dietmar
name: Freislich, Heinrich
name: Strutzmann, Heinz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kanzelhöhe Observatory (KSO) was founded during World War II by the "Deutsche Luftwaffe" (German Airforces) as one station of a network of observatories, which should provide information on solar activity in order to better assess the actual conditions of the Earth's ionosphere in terms of radio wave propagation. The solar observations began in 1943 with photographs of the photosphere, drawings of sunspots, plage regions and faculae, as well as patrol observations of the solar corona. At the beginning all data was sent to Freiburg (Germany). After WWII international cooperation was established and the data was sent to Zurich, Paris, Moscow and Greenwich. Relative sunspot numbers are derived since 1944. The agreement between relative sunspot numbers derived at KSO and the new International Sunspot Number (ISN) \citep{SIDC} lies within $\sim10\%$. However, revisiting the historical data, we also find periods with larger deviations. The reasons for the deviations were twofold: (1) On the one hand a major instrumental change took place during which a relocation and modification of the instrument happened. (2) On the other hand, a period of frequent replacement of personnel caused significant deviations, i.e. stressing the importance of experienced observers. On long-term, the instrumental improvements led to better image quality. Additionally we find a long term trend towards better seeing conditions since the year 2000. We may speculate that this is related to climatic changes.
description: 24 pages, 15 figures
Gravitational-Wave Phasing of Quasi-Circular Compact Binary Systems to the Fourth-and-a-Half post-Newtonian Order
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Faye, Guillaume
name: Henry, Quentin
name: Larrouturou, François
name: Trestini, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The inspiral phase of gravitational waves emitted by spinless compact binary systems is derived through the fourth-and-a-half post-Newtonian (4.5PN) order beyond quadrupole radiation, and the leading amplitude mode ($\ell$, m) = (2, 2) is obtained at 4PN order. We also provide the radiated flux, as well as the phase in the stationary phase approximation. Rough numerical estimates for the contribution of each PN order are provided for typical systems observed by current and future gravitational wave detectors.
description: 9 pages, 1 table. v2: reference of the companion paper updated. v3: post-referee version, typo corrected in Eq. (9). v4: bibliographic typo corrected
Burkhardt, Helmut, Ethik Teil II/2: Das gute Handeln
Creators: name: Holthaus, Stephan
Publisher: name: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie
Year: 2025

description: 1823350852
description: Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, V. 23 (2009): Jahrbuch für evangelikale Theologie, Band 23
Gravitational Wave Flux and Quadrupole Modes from Quasi-Circular Non-Spinning Compact Binaries to the Fourth Post-Newtonian Order
Creators: name: Blanchet, Luc
name: Faye, Guillaume
name: Henry, Quentin
name: Larrouturou, François
name: Trestini, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article provides the details on the technical derivation of the gravitational waveform and total gravitational-wave energy flux of non-spinning compact binary systems to the 4PN (fourth post-Newtonian) order beyond the Einstein quadrupole formula. In particular: (i) we overview the link between the radiative multipole moments measured at infinity and the source moments in the framework of dimensional regularization; (ii) we compute special corrections to the source moments due to "infrared" commutators arising at the 4PN order; (iii) we derive a "post-adiabatic" correction needed to evaluate the tail integral with 2.5PN relative precision; (iv) we discuss the relation between the binary's orbital frequency in quasi-circular orbit and the gravitational-wave frequency measured at infinity; (v) we compute the hereditary effects at the 4PN order, including those coming from the recently derived tails-of-memory; and (vi) we describe the various tests we have performed to ensure the correctness of the results. Those results are collected in an ancillary file.
description: 32 pages, no figure. v2: reference of the companion letter updated. v3: post-referee version. v4: bibliographic typo corrected
Studies of two-dimensional material resistive random-access memory by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations
Creators: name: Chen, Ying-Chuan
name: Chao, Yu-Ting
name: Chen, Edward
name: Wu, Chao-Hsin
name: Wu, Yuh-Renn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resistive memory based on 2D WS2, MoS2, and h-BN materials has been studied, including experiments and simulations. The influences with different active layer thicknesses have been discussed, including experiments and simulations. The thickness with the best On/Off ratio is also found for the 2D RRAM. This work reveals fundamental differences between a 2D RRAM and a conventional oxide RRAM. Furthermore, from the physical parameters extracted with the KMC model, the 2D materials have a lower diffusion activation energy from the vertical direction, where a smaller bias voltage and a shorter switching time can be achieved. It was also found the diffusion activation energy from the CVD-grown sample is much lower than the mechanical exfoliated sample. The result shows MoS2 has the fastest switching speed among three 2D materials.
FAN-Net: Fourier-Based Adaptive Normalization For Cross-Domain Stroke Lesion Segmentation
Creators: name: Yu, Weiyi
name: Lei, Yiming
name: Shan, Hongming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Since stroke is the main cause of various cerebrovascular diseases, deep learning-based stroke lesion segmentation on magnetic resonance (MR) images has attracted considerable attention. However, the existing methods often neglect the domain shift among MR images collected from different sites, which has limited performance improvement. To address this problem, we intend to change style information without affecting high-level semantics via adaptively changing the low-frequency amplitude components of the Fourier transform so as to enhance model robustness to varying domains. Thus, we propose a novel FAN-Net, a U-Net--based segmentation network incorporated with a Fourier-based adaptive normalization (FAN) and a domain classifier with a gradient reversal layer. The FAN module is tailored for learning adaptive affine parameters for the amplitude components of different domains, which can dynamically normalize the style information of source images. Then, the domain classifier provides domain-agnostic knowledge to endow FAN with strong domain generalizability. The experimental results on the ATLAS dataset, which consists of MR images from 9 sites, show the superior performance of the proposed FAN-Net compared with baseline methods.
description: Accepted by IEEE ICASSP 2023
High-order residual distribution scheme for the time-dependent Euler equations of fluid dynamics
Creators: name: Abgrall, Remi
name: Bacigaluppi, Paola
name: Svetlana, Tokareva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present work, a high order finite element type residual distribution scheme is designed in the framework of multidimensional compressible Euler equations of gas dynamics. The strengths of the proposed approximation rely on the generic spatial discretization of the model equations using a continuous finite element type approximation technique, while avoiding the solution of a large linear system with a sparse mass matrix which would come along with any standard ODE solver in a classical finite element approach to advance the solution in time. In this work, we propose a new Residual Distribution (RD) scheme, which provides an arbitrary explicit high order approximation of the smooth solutions of the Euler equations both in space and time. The design of the scheme via the coupling of the RD formulation \cite{mario,abg} with a Deferred Correction (DeC) type method \cite{shu-dec,Minion2}, allows to have the matrix associated to the update in time, which needs to be inverted, to be diagonal. The use of Bernstein polynomials as shape functions, guarantees that this diagonal matrix is invertible and ensures strict positivity of the resulting diagonal matrix coefficients. This work is the extension of \cite{enumath,Abgrall2017} to multidimensional systems. We have assessed our method on several challenging benchmark problems for one- and two-dimensional Euler equations and the scheme has proven to be robust and to achieve the theoretically predicted high order of accuracy on smooth solutions.
Optically-active spin defects in few-layer thick hexagonal boron nitride
Creators: name: Durand, A.
name: Clua-Provost, T.
name: Fabre, F.
name: Kumar, P.
name: Li, J.
name: Edgar, J. H.
name: Udvarhelyi, P.
name: Gali, A.
name: Marie, X.
name: Robert, C.
name: Gérard, J. M.
name: Gil, B.
name: Cassabois, G.
name: Jacques, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically-active spin defects in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are promising quantum systems for the design of two-dimensional quantum sensing units offering optimal proximity to the sample being probed. In this work, we first demonstrate that the electron spin resonance frequencies of boron vacancy centres (V$_\text{B}^-$) can be detected optically in the limit of few-atomic-layer thick hBN flakes despite the nanoscale proximity of the crystal surface that often leads to a degradation of the stability of solid-state spin defects. We then analyze the variations of the electronic spin properties of V$_\text{B}^-$ centres with the hBN thickness with a focus on (i) the zero-field splitting parameters, (ii) the optically-induced spin polarization rate and (iii) the longitudinal spin relaxation time. This work provides important insights into the properties of V$_\text{B}^-$ centres embedded in ultrathin hBN flakes, which are valuable for future developments of foil-based quantum sensing technologies.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Quantum phase transition in ultrahigh mobility SiGe/Si/SiGe two-dimensional electron system
Creators: name: Melnikov, M. Yu.
name: Shashkin, A. A.
name: Dolgopolov, V. T.
name: Zhu, Amy Y. X.
name: Kravchenko, S. V.
name: Huang, S. -H.
name: Liu, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The metal-insulator transition (MIT) is an exceptional test bed for studying strong electron correlations in two dimensions in the presence of disorder. In the present study, it is found that in contrast to previous experiments on lower-mobility samples, in ultra-high mobility SiGe/Si/SiGe quantum wells the critical electron density, $n_{\text{c}}$, of the MIT becomes smaller than the density, $n_{\text{m}}$, where the effective mass at the Fermi level tends to diverge. Near the topological phase transition expected at $n_{\text{m}}$, the metallic temperature dependence of the resistance should be strengthened, which is consistent with the experimental observation of more than an order of magnitude resistance drop with decreasing temperature below $\sim1$ K.
description: Misprints corrected. As published
Obtainment of birefringence and dichroism parameters (L, L' and C) from the experimental Mueller matrix
Creators: name: M. A. Kuntman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: birefringence, dichroism, Mueller matrix

description: Obtainment of birefringence and dichroism parameters (L, L' and C) from the experimental Mueller matrix.
Data-driven rheological characterization of stress buildup and relaxation in thermal greases
Creators: name: Nagrani, Pranay P.
name: Kulkarni, Ritwik V.
name: Kelkar, Parth U.
name: Corder, Ria D.
name: Erk, Kendra A.
name: Marconnet, Amy M.
name: Christov, Ivan C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal greases, often used as thermal interface materials, are complex paste-like mixtures composed of a base polymer in which dense metallic (or ceramic) filler particles are dispersed to improve the heat transfer properties of the material. They have complex rheological properties that impact the performance of the thermal interface material over its lifetime. We perform rheological experiments on thermal greases and observe both stress relaxation and stress buildup regimes. This time-dependent rheological behavior of such complex fluid-like materials is not captured by steady shear-thinning models often used to describe these materials. We find that thixo-elasto-visco-plastic (TEVP) and nonlinear-elasto-visco-plastic (NEVP) constitutive models characterize the observed stress relaxation and buildup regimes respectively. Specifically, we use the models within a data-driven approach based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs are used to solve the inverse problem of determining the rheological model parameters from the dynamic response in experiments. This training data is generated by startup flow experiments at different (constant) shear rates using a shear rheometer. We validate the ``learned'' models by comparing their predicted shear stress evolution to experiments under shear rates not used in the training datasets. We further validate the learned TEVP model by solving a forward problem numerically to determine the shear stress evolution for an input step-strain profile. Meanwhile, the NEVP model is further validated by comparison to a steady Herschel--Bulkley fit of the material's flow curve.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures; v2 included new validation appendices; to appear in J. Rheol
Obtainment of birefringence and dichroism parameters (L, L', C) from exponential forms and Mueller matrix logarithm
Creators: name: M. A. Kuntman
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: birefringence, dichroism, Mueller matrix logarithm, exponential form of Mueller

description: Mueller matrix of a nondepolarizing medium can be written as a commutative product of a complex Z matrix and its complex conjugate (M=Z*Z=ZZ*). Z matrix has an exponential form in terms of basic parameters, and using this property real and imaginary parts of birefringence and dichroism can be directly read from the Mueller matrix logarithm. We also give an alternative method that also exploits the exponential form of the Z matrix.
European primary forest database v2.0
Creators: name: Sabatini, Francesco Maria
name: Bluhm, Hendrik
name: Kun, Zoltan
name: Aksenov, Dmitry
name: Atauri, José A.
name: Buchwald, Erik
name: Burrascano, Sabina
name: Cateau, Eugénie
name: Diku, Abdulla
name: Duarte, Inês Marques
name: Fernández López, Ángel B.
name: Garbarino, Matteo
name: Grigoriadis, Nikolaos
name: Horváth, Ferenc
name: Keren, Srđan
name: Kitenberga, Mara
name: Kiš, Alen
name: Kraut, Ann
name: Ibisch, Pierre L.
name: Larrieu, Laurent
name: Lombardi, Fabio
name: Matovic, Bratislav
name: Melu, Radu Nicolae
name: Meyer, Peter
name: Midteng, Rein
name: Mikac, Stjepan
name: Mikoláš, Martin
name: Mozgeris, Gintautas
name: Panayotov, Momchil
name: Pisek, Rok
name: Nunes, Leónia
name: Ruete, Alejandro
name: Schickhofer, Matthias
name: Simovski, Bojan
name: Stillhard, Jonas
name: Stojanovic, Dejan
name: Szwagrzyk, Jerzy
name: Tikkanen, Olli-Pekka
name: Toromani, Elvin
name: Volosyanchuk, Roman
name: Vrška, Tomáš
name: Waldherr, Marcus
name: Yermokhin, Maxim
name: Zlatanov, Tzvetan
name: Zagidullina, Asiya
name: Kuemmerle, Tobias
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biodiversity
subject: Conservation biology
subject: Forest ecology
subject: 550 Geowissenschaften

description: Primary forests, defined here as forests where the signs of human impacts, if any, are strongly blurred due to decades without forest management, are scarce in Europe and continue to disappear. Despite these losses, we know little about where these forests occur. Here, we present a comprehensive geodatabase and map of Europe’s known primary forests. Our geodatabase harmonizes 48 different, mostly field-based datasets of primary forests, and contains 18,411 individual patches (41.1 Mha) spread across 33 countries. When available, we provide information on each patch (name, location, naturalness, extent and dominant tree species) and the surrounding landscape (biogeographical regions, protection status, potential natural vegetation, current forest extent). Using Landsat satellite-image time series (1985–2018) we checked each patch for possible disturbance events since primary forests were identified, resulting in 94% of patches free of significant disturbances in the last 30 years. Although knowledge gaps remain, ours is the most comprehensive dataset on primary forests in Europe, and will be useful for ecological studies, and conservation planning to safeguard these unique forests.
Sicherheitsbericht 2011
Kriminalität 2011
Vorbeugung und Bekämpfung
Bericht des Bundesministeriums für Inneres über die innere Sicherheit in Österreich
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Tübingen
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Österreich , Bericht , Organisiertes Verbrechen , Radikalismus , Migration , Prävention , Sicherheit
subject: 360

description: Der § 93 des Sicherheitspolizeigesetzes verpflichtet die Bundesregierung, dem National- und dem Bundesrat jährlich den Bericht über die innere Sicherheit zu erstatten. Der Sicherheitsbericht enthält einen Bericht über die Vollziehung dieses Bundesgesetzes im abgelaufenen Jahre, der über die Schwerpunkte der Tätigkeit der Sicherheitsbehörden, der Sicherheitsakademie und der Organe des öffentlichen Sicherheitsdienstes Aufschluss gibt. Darüber hinaus enthält der Sicherheitsbericht die Kriminal- und Verurteiltenstatistik dieses Jahres, Angaben über kriminalpolitisch wesentliche Entwicklungen aus der Sicht der Bundesministerinnen für Inneres und für Justiz, das Ergebnis der stichprobenweise vorgenommenen Überprüfung der Gesetzmäßigkeit einzelner DNA-Untersuchungen (§ 67), statistische Angaben über die in diesem Jahr gemäß den §§ 88 bis 90 geführten Verfahren sowie über die gegen Organe des öffentlichen Sicherheitsdienstes erhobenen Vorwürfe aus disziplinar- und strafrechtlicher Sicht. Schließlich enthält der Sicherheitsbericht die in diesem Jahr vom Menschenrechtsbeirat erstatteten Empfehlungen samt den zugehörigen qualifizierten Mindermeinungen und den in diesem Zusammenhang getroffenen Maßnahmen.
Highly skewed current-phase relation in superconductor-topological insulator-superconductor Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Kayyalha, Morteza
name: Kazakov, Aleksandr
name: Miotkowski, Ireneusz
name: Khlebnikov, Sergei
name: Rokhinson, Leonid P.
name: Chen, Yong P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Three-dimensional topological insulators (TI's) in proximity with superconductors are expected to exhibit exotic phenomena such as topological superconductivity (TSC) and Majorana bound states (MBS), which may have applications in topological quantum computation. In superconductor-TI-superconductor Josephson junctions, the supercurrent versus the phase difference between the superconductors, referred to as the current-phase relation (CPR), reveals important information including the nature of the superconducting transport. Here, we study the induced superconductivity in gate-tunable Josephson junctions (JJs) made from topological insulator BiSbTeSe2 with superconducting Nb electrodes. We observe highly skewed (non-sinusoidal) CPR in these junctions. The critical current, or the magnitude of the CPR, increases with decreasing temperature down to the lowest accessible temperature (T ~ 20 mK), revealing the existence of low-energy modes in our junctions. The gate dependence shows that close to the Dirac point the CPR becomes less skewed, indicating the transport is more diffusive, most likely due to the presence of electron/hole puddles and charge inhomogeneity. Our experiments provide strong evidence that superconductivity is induced in the highly ballistic topological surface states (TSS) in our gate-tunable TI- based JJs. Furthermore, the measured CPR is in good agreement with the prediction of a model which calculates the phase dependent eigenstate energies in our system, considering the finite width of the electrodes as well as the TSS wave functions extending over the entire circumference of the TI.
title: Five promising consumer business models to transform low carbon heating and well-being in the home - Engagement Pack.
Creators: name: Energy Systems Catapult
Publisher: name: ETI
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Smart Systems and Heat
subject: ENERGY EFFICIENCY (Residential and commercial)
subject: OTHER CROSS-CUTTING TECHNOLOGIES or RESEARCH (Other Supporting Data)

description: The case for heat decarbonisation is widely acknowledged, with studies showing that it is more cost effective to tackle CO2 emissions from buildings than cutting more deeply in other sectors.The real challenge is establishing new heating solutions that substantially remove natural gas use from homes whilst making the solutions financially viable and attractive to consumers. Around 20,000 homes each week will need new heating system installations between 2025 and 2050 to meet decarbonisation targets; a rate fifty times greater than achieved to date.The current market will not deliver at scale for residential low carbon heat transition given: unappealing consumer propositions, a fragmented industry structure, a lack economic drivers and need for holistic policy framework.The Energy Technology Institute commissioned the Energy Systems Catapult to deliver a business model development project to develop a number of specific business propositions that could stimulate new thinking for models to be introduced into the market from just before 2020 through to the late 2020’s.

This engagement pack contains a set of slides drawing on the main report, which can be used when presenting the project to various different groups.
Implementation and Evaluation of Breaking Detection Criteria for a Hybrid Boussinesq Model
Creators: name: Bacigaluppi, Paola
name: Ricchiuto, Mario
name: Bonneton, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The aim of the present work is to develop a model able to represent the propagation and transformation of waves in nearshore areas. The focus is on the phenomena of wave breaking, shoaling and run-up. These different phenomena are represented through a hybrid approach obtained by the coupling of non-linear Shallow Water equations with the extended Boussinesq equations of Madsen and Sorensen. The novelty is the switch tool between the two modelling equations: a critical free surface Froude criterion. This is based on a physically meaningful new approach to detect wave breaking, which corresponds to the steepening of the wave's crest which turns into a roller. To allow for an appropriate discretization of both types of equations, we consider a finite element Upwind Petrov Galerkin method with a novel limiting strategy, that guarantees the preservation of smooth waves as well as the monotonicity of the results in presence of discontinuities. We provide a detailed discussion of the implementation of the newly proposed detection method, as well as of two other well known criteria which are used for comparison. An extensive benchmarking on several problems involving different wave phenomena and breaking conditions allows to show the robustness of the numerical method proposed, as well as to assess the advantages and limitations of the different detection methods.
Azimuthal backflow in light carrying orbital angular momentum
Creators: name: Ghosh, Bohnishikha
name: Daniel, Anat
name: Gorzkowski, Bernard
name: Lapkiewicz, Radek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: M.V. Berry's work [J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43, 415302 (2010)] highlighted the correspondence between backflow in quantum mechanics and superoscillations in waves. Superoscillations refer to situations where the local oscillation of a superposition is faster than its fastest Fourier component. This concept has been used to demonstrate backflow in transverse linear momentum for optical waves. In this work, we examine the interference of classical light carrying only negative orbital angular momentum and observe in the dark fringes of such an interference, positive local orbital angular momentum. This finding may have implications for the studies of light-matter interaction and represents a step towards observing quantum backflow in two dimensions.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
"A Posteriori" Limited High Order and Robust Residual Distribution Schemes for Transient Simulations of Fluid Flows in Gas Dynamics
Creators: name: Bacigaluppi, Paola
name: Abgrall, Rémi
name: Tokareva, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we propose a novel approximation strategy for time-dependent hyperbolic systems of conservation laws for the Euler system of gas dynamics that aims to represent the dynamics of strong interacting discontinuities. The goal of our method is to allow an approximation with a high-order of accuracy in smooth regions of the flow, while ensuring robustness and a non-oscillatory behaviour in the regions of steep gradients, in particular across shocks. Following the Multidimensional Optimal Order Detection (MOOD) (Clain et al., Journal of Computational Physics 2011; Diot et al., Computer & Fluids 2012) approach, a candidate solution is computed at a next time level via a high-order accurate explicit scheme (Abgrall, Journal of Scientific Computing 2017; Abgrall et al., Computers & Mathematics with Applications 2018). A so-called detector determines if the candidate solution reveals any spurious oscillations or numerical issue and, if so, only the troubled cells are locally recomputed via a more dissipative scheme. This allows to design a family of "a posteriori" limited, robust and positivity preserving, as well as high accurate, non-oscillatory and effective scheme. Among the detecting criteria of the novel MOOD strategy, two different approaches from literature, based on the work of Clain et al. (Journal of Computational Physics 2011), Diot et al. (Computer & Fluids 2012) and of Vilar (Journal of Computational Physics 2019), are investigated. Numerical examples in 1D and 2D, on structured and unstructured meshes, are proposed to assess the effective order of accuracy for smooth flows, the non-oscillatory behaviour on shocked flows, the robustness and positivity preservation on more extreme flows.
title: Divine politics reconsidered: Saudi Islamists on peaceful revolution
title: LSE Middle East Centre paper series, 07
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Al-Rasheed, Madawi
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: B Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
subject: BP Islam. Bahaism. Theosophy, etc
subject: J Political Science
subject: JA Political Science (General)

description: Focusing on mutations of Saudi Islamism during the Arab uprisings, this paper examines the responses of Salman al-Awdah, one of the most influential Saudi Islamist scholars. As he reflects on peaceful revolution in the Arab world, al-Awdah combines his Salafi heritage with insights from western thought, thus producing a hybrid discourse that engages with the inevitability of political change. I argue that al-Awdah goes beyond the two now well-known Islamist strategies, namely jihadi militant struggle and Salafi acquiescent positions, that dominated debate in Saudi Arabia for several decades. His treatise on peaceful revolution offers a ‘third way’ between these two binary opposites. I assess whether a new Islamism that values peaceful action and mobilisation in the pursuit of political change has already reached maturity in Saudi Arabia.
Stability of gravitating charged-scalar solitons in a cavity
Creators: name: Ponglertsakul, Supakchai
name: Winstanley, Elizabeth
name: Dolan, Sam R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present new regular solutions of Einstein-charged scalar field theory in a cavity. The system is enclosed inside a reflecting mirror-like boundary, on which the scalar field vanishes. The mirror is placed at the zero of the scalar field closest to the origin, and inside this boundary our solutions are regular. We study the stability of these solitons under linear, spherically symmetric perturbations of the metric, scalar and electromagnetic fields. If the radius of the mirror is sufficiently large, we present numerical evidence for the stability of the solitons. For small mirror radius, some of the solitons are unstable. We discuss the physical interpretation of this instability.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures, minor changes, accepted for publication in Physical Review D
title: Social movements and the question of organisation: Egypt and everywhere
title: LSE Middle East Centre paper series, 08
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Abdelrahman, Maha
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: D History General and Old World
subject: DT Africa
subject: H Social Sciences
subject: HN Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform
subject: HT Communities. Classes. Races

description: This paper considers the nature of activism and revolutionary process in the 21st century by examining some of the dilemmas involved in the case of Egypt. It argues that the characteristics of horizontal networks of activism, especially the absence of centralised organisational structures, although well suited to the phase of mass protests in the lead-up to the ousting of Mubarak, can pose a challenge to the prospects of long-term revolutionary projects.
title: Rentier Islamism: the role of the Muslim Brotherhood in the Gulf
title: LSE Middle East Centre paper series, 09
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Freer, Courtney
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: H Social Sciences
subject: J Political science
subject: JF Political institutions (General)
subject: HT Communities. Classes. Races

description: Too often political discussion of oil-wealthy states like Kuwait, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) becomes centred on the means in which their economic largesse facilitates political quiescence. While rulers of these states, which I dub ‘super-rentiers’ due to their massive oil and gas wealth, have at times used their riches as a means of buying good will from their citizenries, they cannot and have not completely deterred independent political actors. Of these, ideological agents are, logically, the least likely to be ‘bought off’ and therefore the most viable independent political forces. Nonetheless, political Islam is rarely discussed in the context of the Gulf states which provide few institutionalised opportunities for political participation and do not require welfare services often provided by Islamist groups. In this paper, I discuss the degree to which Muslim Brotherhood affiliates in Kuwait, Qatar, and the UAE influence political decision-making and how those governments have chosen to handle the Ikhwan.1 Given my analysis, I provide the following policy recommendations to both regional and Western actors.
title: Reconstructing a guitarist’s thumb – a case report
Creators: name: Merky, Dominique
name: Greminger, Martina
name: Fritsche, Elmar
name: Ducommun, Pascal
name: Hug, Urs
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: thumb reconstruction
subject: emergency osteofasciocutanious flap
subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Objectives: The thumb is the most important finger for the function of the human hand. Therefore, there is great interest in a good reconstruction of the thumb after an injury. There are different ways for reconstruction, depending on the type of injury, tissue damage and patients request. We report[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 57. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Handchirurgie
Exploring CP-violation in $Y=0$ inert triplet with real singlet
Creators: name: Jangid, Shilpa
name: Okada, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we examine the Standard Model extended with a $Y=0$ Higgs triplet and a real singlet. We consider the Higgs triplet to be odd under the $Z_2$ symmetry, and hence the lightest stable particle from the inert triplet becomes the dark matter candidate, whereas the real singlet is considered to be even under the $Z_2$ symmetry. A dimension-5 effective term is introduced with the help of a real singlet, which breaks the CP symmetry and gives an additional source of CP-violation in the fermion sector. The phase transition proceeds in two-steps, with the symmetry breaking in the singlet direction occurring first and later leading to the usual electroweak symmetry breaking minima, while electroweak baryogenesis is associated with the second step. The parameters chosen for the electroweak phase transition are found to be consistent with the Planck scale stability and the perturbativity using two-loop $β$-functions. The DM mass bound for inert triplet, i.e., 1.2 TeV (below which it is under abundance), also comes out to be consistent with the strongly first-order phase transition, which was not possible solely with inert triplet. The upper bound on the triplet mass comes out to be $\leq 3.8$ TeV, which satisfies the strongly first-order phase transition. This particular benchmark point also satisfies the correct baryon asymmetry of the Universe $(6.13 \times 10^{-11})$, and the gravitational wave spectrum also lies within the detectable frequency range of LISA $(6.978 \times 10^{-4} - 1.690 \times 10^{-2} )$ Hz and BBO $(2.80\times 10^{-3}-1.096)$ Hz experiments.
description: 25 pages, 7 figures