cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Enabling Content-Centric Device-to-Device Communication in the Millimeter-Wave Band
Creators: name: Bahadori, Niloofar
name: Nabil, Mahmoud
name: Kelley, Brian
name: Homaifar, Abdollah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The growth in wireless traffic and mobility of devices have congested the core network significantly. This bottleneck, along with spectrum scarcity, made the conventional cellular networks insufficient for the dissemination of large contents. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme that enables efficient initialization of CCN-based D2D networks in the mmWave band through addressing decentralized D2D peer association and antenna beamwidth selection. The proposed scheme considers mmWave characteristics such as directional communication and blockage susceptibility. We propose a heuristic peer association algorithm to associate D2D users using context information, including link stability time and content availability. The performance of the proposed scheme in terms of data throughput and transmission efficiency is evaluated through extensive simulations. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves network performance significantly and outperforms other methods in the literature.
description: Accepted in IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing
A self-organizational model of community evolution
Creators: name: Slocombe, D. Scott
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this work is the development of a conceptual model of the interaction of ecological, economic, and social factors in community evolution. The theory of self-organization (Ilya Prigogine and colleagues) is used to relate the growing body of insights into social and societal evolution derived from sociology, anthropology, economics, the community and economic development literature, and other fields to the problems of planning. A schematic of the interdisciplinary modelling process and a classification of models are developed. The assumptions and goals of the conceptual model presented here are made explicit through the use of a "knowledge vee" (Novak & Gowin, 1984). The conceptual model of community evolution developed here entails eight variables representing the ecologic, economic, and social factors (landscape, land tenure, land use, social inputs, historical inputs, production, consumption, and resources) and four variables derived from evolutionary, non-equilibrium social theory and self-organization theory ("mass," "energy," "tension," and "entropy"). These variables are related conceptually to form a nonequilibrium, self-organizing "model" of community evolution. Several possible examples of self-organization processes in human systems are briefly discussed. Various implications of the model for planning and understanding community evolution are examined. They include: the process view of evolution, the role of the internal history of the system, the stochastic element in self-organizing processes, the influence of environmental conditions, the importance of qualitative change, and the mechanisms of long-range order.
Pressure Effects on the Superconducting and Spin-Density-Wave States of the Newly Discovered Sm(O1-xFx)FeAs
Creators: name: Lorenz, B.
name: Sasmal, K.
name: Chaudhury, R. P.
name: Chen, X. H.
name: Liu, R. H.
name: Wu, T.
name: Chu, C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High temperature superconductors with a Tc above 40 K have been found to be strongly correlated electron systems and to have a layered structure. Guided by these rules, Kamihara et al. discovered a Tc up to 26 K in the layered La(O1-xFx)FeAs. By replacing La with tri-valence rare-earth elements RE of smaller ionic radii, Tc has subsequently been raised to 41-52 K. Many theoretical models have been proposed emphasizing the important magnetic origin of superconductivity in this compound system and a possible further Tc-enhancement in RE(O1-xFx)FeAs by compression. This later prediction appears to be supported by the pressure-induced Tc-increase in La(O0.89F0.11)FeAs observed. Here we show that, in contrast to previous expectations, pressure can either suppress or enhance Tc, depending on the doping level, suggesting that a Tc exceeding 50's K may be found only in the yet-to-be discovered compound systems related to but different from R(O1-xFx)FeAs and that the Tc of La(O1-xFx)FeAs and Sm(O1-xFx)FeAs may be further raised to 50's K.
description: 4 text pages, 5 figures
Oscillation Frequency Dependence of Non-Classical Rotation Inertia of Solid $^4$He
Creators: name: Aoki, Y.
name: Graves, J. C.
name: Kojima, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-classical rotational inertia fraction of the identical cylindrical solid $^4$He below 300 mK is studied at 496 and 1173 Hz by a double resonance torsional oscillator. Below 35 mK, the fraction is the same at sufficiently low rim velocities. Above 35 mK, the fraction is greater for the higher than the lower mode. The dissipation peak of the lower mode occurs at a temperature $\sim$ 4 mK lower than that of the higher mode. The drive dependence of the two modes shows that the reduction of the fraction is characterized by critical velocity, \textit{not} amplitude nor acceleration.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Boundary of Distribution Support Generator (BDSG): Sample Generation on the Boundary
Creators: name: Dionelis, Nikolaos
name: Yaghoobi, Mehrdad
name: Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative models, such as Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), have been used for unsupervised anomaly detection. While performance keeps improving, several limitations exist particularly attributed to difficulties at capturing multimodal supports and to the ability to approximate the underlying distribution closer to the tails, i.e. the boundary of the distribution's support. This paper proposes an approach that attempts to alleviate such shortcomings. We propose an invertible-residual-network-based model, the Boundary of Distribution Support Generator (BDSG). GANs generally do not guarantee the existence of a probability distribution and here, we use the recently developed Invertible Residual Network (IResNet) and Residual Flow (ResFlow), for density estimation. These models have not yet been used for anomaly detection. We leverage IResNet and ResFlow for Out-of-Distribution (OoD) sample detection and for sample generation on the boundary using a compound loss function that forces the samples to lie on the boundary. The BDSG addresses non-convex support, disjoint components, and multimodal distributions. Results on synthetic data and data from multimodal distributions, such as MNIST and CIFAR-10, demonstrate competitive performance compared to methods from the literature.
description: 5 pages, 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP)
Determination of the Critical Exponents for the Isotropic-Nematic Phase Transition in a System of Long Rods on Two-dimensional Lattices: Universality of the Transition
Creators: name: Matoz-Fernandez, D. A.
name: Linares, D. H.
name: Ramirez-Pastor, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulations and finite-size scaling analysis have been carried out to study the critical behavior and universality for the isotropic-nematic phase transition in a system of long straight rigid rods of length $k$ ($k$-mers) on two-dimensional lattices. The nematic phase, characterized by a big domain of parallel $k$-mers, is separated from the isotropic state by a continuous transition occurring at a finite density. The determination of the critical exponents, along with the behavior of Binder cumulants, indicate that the transition belongs to the 2D Ising universality class for square lattices and the three-state Potts universality class for triangular lattices.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, uses epl2.cls, to appear in Europhysics Letters
Evaluating the Efficacy of Monetary Policy in Driving Economic Growth in Turkey
Creators: name: Louis-Jacques, Pierre Richard
name: Ay, Selma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 380302
subject: Macroeconomic theory

description: This paper examines the efficacy of monetary policy in fostering output growth in Turkey by analyzing annual time-series data sourced from the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) spanning from 2005 to 2023. The research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure. The findings reveal that money supply, considered an indicator of monetary policy in the context of this study, exerts a positive and statistically significant influence on output growth in Turkey in both the short and long term. Additionally, government expenditure has a positive and statistically significant impact on growth in the long term, albeit weaker than the impact of money supply. Lastly, in the long term, inflation negatively affects growth, with statistical significance observed at the 10% level.
Untitled Item
Creators: name: Louis-Jacques, Pierre Richard
name: Ay, Selma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 380302
subject: Macroeconomic theory

description: This paper examines the efficacy of monetary policy in fostering output growth in Turkey by analyzing annual time-series data sourced from the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) spanning from 2005 to 2023. The research employs the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure. The findings reveal that money supply, considered an indicator of monetary policy in the context of this study, exerts a positive and statistically significant influence on output growth in Turkey in both the short and long term. Additionally, government expenditure has a positive and statistically significant impact on growth in the long term, albeit weaker than the impact of money supply. Lastly, in the long term, inflation negatively affects growth, with statistical significance observed at the 10% level.
Second-order matter density perturbations and skewness in scalar-tensor modified gravity models
Creators: name: Tatekawa, Takayuki
name: Tsujikawa, Shinji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study second-order cosmological perturbations in scalar-tensor models of dark energy that satisfy local gravity constraints, including f(R) gravity. We derive equations for matter fluctuations under a sub-horizon approximation and clarify conditions under which first-order perturbations in the scalar field can be neglected relative to second-order matter and velocity perturbations. We also compute the skewness of the matter density distribution and find that the difference from the LCDM model is only less than a few percent even if the growth rate of first-order perturbations is significantly different from that in the LCDM model. This shows that the skewness provides a model-independent test for the picture of gravitational instability from Gaussian initial perturbations including scalar-tensor modified gravity models.
description: 15 pages, 1 figure, version to appear in JCAP
Heated gas bubbles enrich, crystallize, dry, phosphorylate and encapsulate prebiotic molecules
Creators: name: Morasch, Matthias
name: Liu, Jonathan
name: Dirscherl, Christina F.
name: Ianeselli, Alan
name: Kühnlein, Alexandra
name: Vay, Kristian Le
name: Schwintek, Philipp
name: Islam, Saidul
name: Corpinot, Mérina K.
name: Scheu, Bettina
name: Dingwell, Donald B.
name: Schwille, Petra
name: Mutschler, Hannes
name: Powner, Matthew W.
name: Mast, Christof B.
name: Braun, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Non-equilibrium conditions must have been crucial for the assembly of the first informational polymers of early life, but supporting their formation and continuous enrichment in a long-lasting environment. Here, we explore how gas bubbles in water subjected to a thermal gradient, a likely scenario within crustal mafic rocks on the early Earth, drive a complex, continuous enrichment of prebiotic molecules. NRA precursors, monomers, active ribozymes, oligonucleotides and lipids are shown to (1) cycle between dry and wet states, enabling the central step of RNA phosphorylation, (2) accumulate at the gas-water interface to drastically increase ribozymatic activity, (3) condense into hydrogels, (4) form pure crystals and (5) encapsulate into protecting vesicle aggregates that subsequently undergo fission. These effects occur within less than 30 min. The findings unite, in one location, the physical conditions that were crucial for the chemical emergence of biopolymers. They suggest that heated microbubbles could have hosted the first cycles of molecular evolution.
description: 27 pages, 7 Figures
A ²H-NMR study of the comparative effects of lanosterol and cholesterol on model membranes
Creators: name: Wallace, Julia C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Suspensions of sn-2 deuterated ²H-DPPC-d31 containing various concentrations of either lanosterol or cholesterol were compared using deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (²H-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The alpha face of cholesterol is smooth whereas a hydroxyl group protrudes from the alpha face of lanosterol. At the sterol concentrations studied, (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%), the phase behaviour of lanosterol and cholesterol was similar. M, profiles showed that the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition is broadened with the incorporation of both sterols and that mixed phase regions exist at comparable concentrations and temperatures. Both lanosterol and cholesterol increase the average order of the phospholipids above the transition temperature. Since both lanosterol and cholesterol produce this ordering, it is proposed that the significant structural feature producing this result is the rigidity of the cholestane ring. T[sub 2e] increases with the incorporation of both cholesterol and lanosterol. This could indicate the importance of the rigid ring structure which may modify slow motions such as the collective motions of the phospholipid chains.
Gossypium
Creators: name: Stipanovic, Robert
name: Puckhaber, Lorraine
name: Jr., James Frelichowski
name: Esquivel, Jesus
name: Westbrook, John
name: O'Neil, Mike
name: Bell, Alois
name: Dowd, Michael
name: Hake, Kater
name: Duke, Sara
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Malvales
Malvaceae
Gossypium

description: 2.3. GHQ (9) and gossypol (1) in the D genome of Gossypium and in commercial cottons
G. thurberi is a member of the D genome of Gossypium. In a previous investigation of terpenoids in the young leaves of G. thurberi using TLC plates, only gossypol (1) was identified in this tissue (Stipanovic et al., 1977). Thus, terpenoids such as the sesquiterpenoid hemigossypolone (7) and the sesterterpenoids heliocides H 1, H 2, H 3 and H 4 (3–6) (Fig. 1) that are found in commercial Upland cottons (Gossypium hirsutum), as well as other members of Gossypium, were not found. To extend this investigation, several Gossypium accessions of the D genome available in the USDA Cotton Germplasm collection were grown in the greenhouse; leaves were collected, freeze dried, and ground. The ground tissue was extracted and immediately subjected to HPLC analysis; the results are shown in Table 3. As found previously, other sesquiterpenoids and sesterterpenoids normally in G. hirsutum were not detected in G. thurberi nor in most other members of the D genome. However, GHQ (9) was present in small amounts in these cottons. As previously reported (Stipanovic et al., 1977), within the D genome only the leaves of Gossypium gossypioides (Ulbrich) contained hemigossypolone (7) and heliocides (3–6); the leaves of other members of the D genome did not contain these terpenoids. In addition, the leaves of G. raimondii contained only gossypol (1) and the sesquiterpenoid, raimondal (8) (Fig. 1). Four commercial cultivars of G. hirsutum cotton also were analyzed (Table 4). GHQ (9) was not detected in these plants, but, as expected, gossypol (1), hemigossypolone (7) and heliocides H 1 – H 4 (3–6) were detected.
description: Published as part of Stipanovic, Robert, Puckhaber, Lorraine, Jr., James Frelichowski, Esquivel, Jesus, Westbrook, John, O'Neil, Mike, Bell, Alois, Dowd, Michael, Hake, Kater & Duke, Sara, 2016, Gossypolhemiquinone, a dimeric sesquiterpenoid identified in cotton (Gossypium), pp. 165-171 in Phytochemistry 122 on page 167, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.12.009, http://zenodo.org/record/10485477
Tail of Distribution GAN (TailGAN): Generative-Adversarial-Network-Based Boundary Formation
Creators: name: Dionelis, Nikolaos
name: Yaghoobi, Mehrdad
name: Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) are a powerful methodology and can be used for unsupervised anomaly detection, where current techniques have limitations such as the accurate detection of anomalies near the tail of a distribution. GANs generally do not guarantee the existence of a probability density and are susceptible to mode collapse, while few GANs use likelihood to reduce mode collapse. In this paper, we create a GAN-based tail formation model for anomaly detection, the Tail of distribution GAN (TailGAN), to generate samples on the tail of the data distribution and detect anomalies near the support boundary. Using TailGAN, we leverage GANs for anomaly detection and use maximum entropy regularization. Using GANs that learn the probability of the underlying distribution has advantages in improving the anomaly detection methodology by allowing us to devise a generator for boundary samples, and use this model to characterize anomalies. TailGAN addresses supports with disjoint components and achieves competitive performance on images. We evaluate TailGAN for identifying Out-of-Distribution (OoD) data and its performance evaluated on MNIST, CIFAR-10, Baggage X-Ray, and OoD data shows competitiveness compared to methods from the literature.
description: 5 pages, 2020 Sensor Signal Processing for Defence Conference (SSPD)
Logbook and concept convergence kit for developing an ICT solution to migrant integration – MICADO Deliverable D7.9
Creators: name: Zagórski, Piotr
name: Apers, Hanne
name: Munteanu, Carmen
name: Thoneick, Rosa
name: Malchow, Marie
name: Navarrete, Lorenzo
name: Lorenzo, Javier
name: Díaz, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: migration
integration
ICT solution
convergence

description: This deliverable consists of two parts: Logbook for Development (Part I) and Convergence Handbook (Part II). Both of these documents were aimed at bridging the gaps between the research part of the project and the development phase, allowing for convergence between all partners and pilot cities on the essential requirements for the development of the MICADO digital solution to migrant integration. Based on the co-creation, co-design and interviewing process conducted by MICADO researchers in 2019 in MICADO’s 4 pilot cities (Bologna, Antwerp, Hamburg and Madrid), the gathered insights from different local stakeholders – public authorities (PAs), migrants and civil society organizations (CSOs) – were compiled into a Logbook for Development. The Logbook gathers and systematized in a comprehensive way the collected data on the migrant population in the pilot cities; demands of PAs, migrants and CSOs; existing Apps and digital tools usage, assigning them an order of priority (critical, important, desirable).To provide a more manageable resource for the first convergence workshop carried out in early 2020, the Logbook was transformed into the Convergence Handbook, a document with an attractive layout, easy-to-work-with within a relatively short time by a variety of stakeholders (the MICADO project partners) with different levels of technical, scientific and public administration understanding. During the convergence phase, the common needs of the different cities needed to be identified and turned into technical features and first requirements for the development of the MICADO solution.
Flexible Quasi-Yagi-Uda antenna for 5G communication
Creators: name: Nia, Behzad Ashrafi
name: De Flaviis, Franco
name: Saadat, Soheil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents the design and experimental of a single and array Quasi Yagi-Uda antenna at 28 GHz. The proposed antenna is implemented on MFLEX flexible material with a thickness of 0.120mm for 5G applications. A wideband antenna operates within 24 to 29.5 GHz and exhibits almost the same end-fire radiation pattern over bandwidth with an average gain of 6.2dBi and 10.15dBi for single and array antennas. The flexible antenna was tested under bending conditions and results showed excellent performance at the 28GHz region
Fuzzy Torus via q-Parafermion
Creators: name: Aizawa, N.
name: Chakrabarti, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We note that the recently introduced fuzzy torus can be regarded as a q-deformed parafermion. Based on this picture, classification of the Hermitian representations of the fuzzy torus is carried out. The result involves Fock-type representations and new finite dimensional representations for q being a root of unity as well as already known finite dimensional ones.
description: 12pages, no figure
Metastability relationship between two- and three-dimensional crystal structures: A case study of the Cu-based compounds
Creators: name: Ono, Shota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some of the three-dimensional (3D) crystal structures are constructed by stacking two-dimensional (2D) layers. It remains unclear whether this geometric concept is related to the stability of ordered compounds and whether this can be used to computational materials design. Here, using first principles calculations, we investigate the dynamical stability of copper-based compounds Cu$X$ (a metallic element $X$) in the B$_h$ and L1$_1$ structures constructed from the buckled honeycomb (BHC) structure and in the B2 and L1$_0$ structures constructed from the buckled square (BSQ) structure. We demonstrate that (i) if Cu$X$ in the BHC structure is dynamically stable, those in the B$_h$ and L1$_1$ structures are also stable. Although the interrelationship of the metastability between the BSQ and the 3D structures (B2 and L1$_0$) is not clear, we find that (ii) if Cu$X$ in the B2 (L1$_0$) structure is dynamically stable, that in the L1$_0$ (B2) is unstable, analogous to the metastability relationship between the bcc and the fcc structures in elemental metals. The total energy curves for Cu$X$ along the tetragonal and trigonal paths are also investigated.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Kinematics of the Broad Line Region in M81
Creators: name: Devereux, Nick
name: Shearer, Andrew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new model is presented which explains the origin of the broad emission lines observed in the LINER/Seyfert nucleus of M81 in terms of a steady state spherically symmetric inflow, amounting to 1 x 10^-5 Msun/yr, which is sufficient to explain the luminosity of the AGN. The emitting volume has an outer radius of ~1 pc, making it the largest broad line region yet to be measured, and it contains a total mass of ~ 5 x 10^-2 Msun of dense, ~ 10^8 cm^-3, ionized gas, leading to a very low filling factor of ~ 5 x 10^-9. The fact that the BLR in M81 is so large may explain why the AGN is unable to sustain the ionization seen there. Thus, the AGN in M81 is not simply a scaled down quasar.
description: Accepted for Publication in ApJ 7/21/07
Methods in Industrial Biotechnology for Chemical Engineers
Creators: name: Kandasamy, W. B. Vasantha
name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03Bxx

description: In keeping with the definition that biotechnology is really no more than a name given to a set of techniques and processes, the authors apply some set of fuzzy techniques to chemical industry problems such as finding the proper proportion of raw mix to control pollution, to study flow rates, to find out the better quality of products. We use fuzzy control theory, fuzzy neural networks, fuzzy relational equations, genetic algorithms to these problems for solutions. When the solution to the problem can have certain concepts or attributes as indeterminate, the only model that can tackle such a situation is the neutrosophic model. The authors have also used these models in this book to study the use of biotechnology in chemical industries. This book has six chapters. First chapter gives a brief description of biotechnology. Second chapter deals will proper proportion of mix of raw materials in cement industries to minimize pollution using fuzzy control theory. Chapter three gives the method of determination of temperature set point for crude oil in oil refineries. Chapter four studies the flow rates in chemical industries using fuzzy neutral networks. Chapter five gives the method of minimization of waste gas flow in chemical industries using fuzzy linear programming. The final chapter suggests when in these studies indeterminancy is an attribute or concept involved, the notion of neutrosophic methods can be adopted.
description: 125 pages, 20 figures
Gravity in 2T-Physics
Creators: name: Bars, Itzhak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field theoretic action for gravitational interactions in d+2 dimensions is constructed in the formalism of 2T-physics. General Relativity in d dimensions emerges as a shadow of this theory with one less time and one less space dimensions. The gravitational constant turns out to be a shadow of a dilaton field in d+2 dimensions that appears as a constant to observers stuck in d dimensions. If elementary scalar fields play a role in the fundamental theory (such as Higgs fields in the Standard Model coupled to gravity), then their shadows in d dimensions must necessarily be conformal scalars. This has the physical consequence that the gravitational constant changes at each phase transition (inflation, grand unification, electro-weak, etc.), implying interesting new scenarios in cosmological applications. The fundamental action for pure gravity, which includes the spacetime metric, the dilaton and an additional auxiliary scalar field all in d+2 dimensions with two times, has a mix of gauge symmetries to produce appropriate constraints that remove all ghosts or redundant degrees of freedom. The action produces on-shell classical field equations of motion in d+2 dimensions, with enough constraints for the theory to be in agreement with classical General Relativity in d dimensions. Therefore this action describes the correct classical gravitational physics directly in d+2 dimensions. Taken together with previous similar work on the Standard Model of particles and forces, the present paper shows that 2T-physics is a general consistent framework for a physical theory.
description: 24 pages, revision includes minor corrections and additional clarifying material
A presentation for the mapping class group of the closed non-orientable surface of genus 4
Creators: name: Szepietowski, Błażej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57N05, 20F05, 20F38

description: Finite presentations for the mapping class group M(F) are known for arbitrary orientable compact surface F. If F is non-orientable, then such presentations are known only when F has genus at most 3 and few boundary components. In this paper we obtain finite presentation for the mapping class group of the closed non-orientable surface of genus 4 from its action on the so called ordered complex of curves.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures
Bound-state energy of the d=3 Ising model in the broken-symmetry phase: Suppressed finite-size corrections
Creators: name: Nishiyama, Yoshihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-lying spectrum of the three-dimensional Ising model is investigated numerically; we made use of an equivalence between the excitation gap and the reciprocal correlation length. In the broken-symmetry phase, the magnetic excitations are attractive, forming a bound state with an excitation gap m_2(<2m_1) (m_1: elementary excitation gap). It is expected that the ratio m_2/m_1 is a universal constant in the vicinity of the critical point. In order to estimate m_2/m_1, we perform the numerical diagonalization for finite clusters with N \le 15 spins. In order to reduce the finite-size errors, we incorporated the extended (next-nearest-neighbor and four-spin) interactions. As a result, we estimate the mass-gap ratio as m_2/m_1=1.84(3).
The Realistic Lattice Determination of alpha_s(M_Z) Revisited
Creators: name: Maltman, K.
name: Leinweber, D.
name: Moran, P.
name: Sternbeck, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the earlier determination of alpha_s(M_Z) via perturbative analyses of short-distance-sensitive lattice observables, incorporating new lattice data and performing a modified version of the original analysis. We focus on two high-intrinsic-scale observables, log(W_11) and log(W_12), and one lower-intrinsic scale observable, log(W_{12}/u_0^6), finding improved consistency among the values extracted using the different observables and a final result, alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1192(11), 2 sigma higher than the earlier result, in excellent agreement with recent non-lattice determinations and, in addition, in good agreement with the results of a similar, but not identical, re-analysis by the HPQCD Collaboration. A discussion of the relation between the two re-analyses is given, focussing on the complementary aspects of the two approaches.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures. Somewhat compressed and shortened version to appear in Phys. Rev. D. Numerical results unchanged
Decoherence of Atomic Ensembles in Optical Lattice Clocks by Gravity
Creators: name: Kawasaki, Akio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical lattice clocks can now resolve the height difference below 1 mm within an atomic ensemble by means of gravitational redshift with integration over sufficient amount of time. Further improvement in the stability enables the clocks to resolve the height difference of subsystems within an atomic ensemble that is conventionally interrogated as a single coherent spin state in a single Ramsey sequence, resulting in the dephasing of the coherent spin state. This effect is observable with a clock of a stability of $\lesssim 10^{-21}$ by introducing a single-layer-resolved imaging system for a three-dimensional optical lattice, and limits the 1 s stability of the clock around $10^{-19}$ for an atomic ensemble distributing symmetrically for the three axes, which is also a signal of the decoherence. With atoms in an entangled state, this can be the first observation of the decoherence of a quantum state by a gravitational effect, and the suppression of other systematic shifts to observe this decoherence seems feasible.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Notes on Krasnoselskii-type fixed-point theorems and their application to fractional hybrid differential problems
Creators: name: Akhadkulov, H.
name: Ying, T. Y.
name: Saaban, A. B.
name: Noorani, M. S.
name: Ibrahim, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove a new version of Kransoselskii's fixed-point theorem under a ($ψ, θ, φ$)-weak contraction condition. The theoretical result is applied to prove the existence of a solution of the following fractional hybrid differential equation involving the Riemann-Liouville differential and integral operators orders of $00:$ \begin{equation}\nonumber \left\{\begin{array}{ll} D^α[x(t)-f(t, x(t))]=g(t, x(t), I^β(x(t))), \,\,\, \text{a.e.} \,\,\, t\in J,\,\, β>0,\\ x(t_{0})=x_{0}, \end{array} \right. \end{equation} where $D^α$ is the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative order of $α,$ $I^β$ is Riemann-Liouville fractional integral operator order of $β>0,$ $J=[t_{0}, t_{0}+a],$ for some fixed $t_{0}\in \mathbb{R},$ $a>0$ and the functions $f:J\times \mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ and $g:J\times \mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ satisfy certain conditions. An example is also furnished to illustrate the hypotheses and the abstract result of this paper.
Learning Sparse Interaction Graphs of Partially Detected Pedestrians for Trajectory Prediction
Creators: name: Huang, Zhe
name: Li, Ruohua
name: Shin, Kazuki
name: Driggs-Campbell, Katherine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multi-pedestrian trajectory prediction is an indispensable element of autonomous systems that safely interact with crowds in unstructured environments. Many recent efforts in trajectory prediction algorithms have focused on understanding social norms behind pedestrian motions. Yet we observe these works usually hold two assumptions, which prevent them from being smoothly applied to robot applications: (1) positions of all pedestrians are consistently tracked, and (2) the target agent pays attention to all pedestrians in the scene. The first assumption leads to biased interaction modeling with incomplete pedestrian data. The second assumption introduces aggregation of redundant surrounding information, and the target agent may be affected by unimportant neighbors or present overly conservative motion. Thus, we propose Gumbel Social Transformer, in which an Edge Gumbel Selector samples a sparse interaction graph of partially detected pedestrians at each time step. A Node Transformer Encoder and a Masked LSTM encode pedestrian features with sampled sparse graphs to predict trajectories. We demonstrate that our model overcomes potential problems caused by the aforementioned assumptions, and our approach outperforms related works in trajectory prediction benchmarks. Code is available at \url{https://github.com/tedhuang96/gst}.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, Accepted by RA-L with ICRA 2022 presentation option
Lambda(1405) as a Resonance in the Baryon-Meson Scattering Coupled to the q^3 State in a Quark Model
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Sachiko
name: Shimizu, Kiyotaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to describe Lambda(1405) as a resonance in the baryon-meson scattering, we have investigated q^3-q qbar scattering system with the flavor-singlet q^3 (0s)^2(0p) state (the Lambda^1 pole). The scattering is treated by the quark cluster model (QCM). The Lambda^1 pole is treated as a bound state embedded in the continuum. We found that the peak appears below the N Kbar threshold in the spin one half, isospin 0 channel even if the mass of the Lambda^1 pole is above the threshold. This peak disappears when the coupling to the Lambda^1 pole is switched off. To use the observed hadron mass in the kinetic part of QCM is also found to be important to reproduce a peak just below the N Kbar threshold.
description: 16 pages and 7 figures
Structure and magnetism of self-organized Ge(1-x)Mn(x) nano-columns
Creators: name: Devillers, Thibaut
name: Jamet, Matthieu
name: Barski, André
name: Poydenot, Valier
name: Bayle-Guillemaud, Pascale
name: Bellet-Amalric, Edith
name: Cherifi, Salia
name: Cibert, Joël
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the structural and magnetic properties of thin Ge(1-x)Mn(x)films grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on Ge(001) substrates at temperatures (Tg) ranging from 80deg C to 200deg C, with average Mn contents between 1 % and 11 %. Their crystalline structure, morphology and composition have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. In the whole range of growth temperatures and Mn concentrations, we observed the formation of manganese rich nanostructures embedded in a nearly pure germanium matrix. Growth temperature mostly determines the structural properties of Mn-rich nanostructures. For low growth temperatures (below 120deg C), we evidenced a two-dimensional spinodal decomposition resulting in the formation of vertical one-dimensional nanostructures (nanocolumns). Moreover we show in this paper the influence of growth parameters (Tg and Mn content) on this decomposition i.e. on nanocolumns size and density. For temperatures higher than 180deg C, we observed the formation of Ge3Mn5 clusters. For intermediate growth temperatures nanocolumns and nanoclusters coexist. Combining high resolution TEM and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, we could evidence at least four different magnetic phases in Ge(1-x)Mn(x) films: (i) paramagnetic diluted Mn atoms in the germanium matrix, (ii) superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic low-Tc nanocolumns (120 K < Tc < 170 K), (iii) high-Tc nanocolumns (Tc> 400 K) and (iv) Ge3Mn5 clusters.
description: 10 pages 2 colonnes revTex formatted
title: Method Development for Increased Sensitivity of Dried-Droplet-Calibration and Cell Analysis with LIBS and LA-ICP-MS
Creators: name: Lin, Yiji
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: LA-ICP-MS
subject: LIBS
subject: dried droplet calibration

description: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a power spectroscopic technique with a wide variety of applications from biomedicine to the metallurgy and mining industry. However, quantitative analysis with LIBS is generally dependent on the availability of certified reference materials or requires the preparation of matrix matched standards. The use of dried droplets offers an alternative calibration approach that is much faster and simpler in preparation. In typical dried droplet calibration, the residue forms a ring-like pattern, referred to as the coffee-ring effect (CRE), which increases the residue size and can induce matrix effects due to the uneven distribution of the analyte. Methods to decrease the residue size by suppressing the CRE and concentrating the analyte on a small area would therefore enhance the signal to noise ratio, reduce the time needed for full ablation and minimize the possibility of matrix effects. In this thesis, the application of a hydrophobic coating to reduce the surface contact area of the droplet and alteration to the pH-value of the droplet solution have been identified as promising ways to generate dried droplet residues that are concentrated on small areas. Additionally, the use of a deep eutectic solvent (DES) was demonstrated to be a potential alternative for carbon calibration with dried droplets, as the DES would form small residues even on unmodified silicon wafer substrates.The developed approach has been applied in the second part of this for the treatment of a hepatic spheroid model with a supramolecular system, consisting of nanoparticles with a therapeutic agent, was investigated in a collaborative effort. Imaging results were obtained via laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (LA-ICP-MS) and showed an initial accumulation of nanoparticles at the borders of the spheroid, with diffusion towards the center taking place at later treatment stages. Dried droplet calibration methods, developed in the first part of this thesis, were deployed to obtain quantitative results. These confirmed an increase in nanoparticle absorption by the spheroids, when increasing the treatment concentration. Thus, proving the applicability of dried droplet calibration in a practical analysis setting.
SHAXSNING STRESS HOLATIDA EMOTSIONAL CHIDAMLIKNING   NAMAYON BO'LISHI VA AHAMIYATI
Creators: name: RAJAPOVA, IRODA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Jahon miqyosidagi mutaxassislar stress bugungi kunda “asr kasalligi” bo‘lib qolganligini ta’kidlashmoqda. Zero, shaxsning stress holatiga tushishi nafaqat uning yuritayotgan faoliyatiga, uning ruhiy va jismoniy salomatligiga ham jiddiy salbiy ta’sir etadi.
Self-Adversarial Training incorporating Forgery Attention for Image Forgery Localization
Creators: name: Zhuo, Long
name: Tan, Shunquan
name: Li, Bin
name: Huang, Jiwu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image editing techniques enable people to modify the content of an image without leaving visual traces and thus may cause serious security risks. Hence the detection and localization of these forgeries become quite necessary and challenging. Furthermore, unlike other tasks with extensive data, there is usually a lack of annotated forged images for training due to annotation difficulties. In this paper, we propose a self-adversarial training strategy and a reliable coarse-to-fine network that utilizes a self-attention mechanism to localize forged regions in forgery images. The self-attention module is based on a Channel-Wise High Pass Filter block (CW-HPF). CW-HPF leverages inter-channel relationships of features and extracts noise features by high pass filters. Based on the CW-HPF, a self-attention mechanism, called forgery attention, is proposed to capture rich contextual dependencies of intrinsic inconsistency extracted from tampered regions. Specifically, we append two types of attention modules on top of CW-HPF respectively to model internal interdependencies in spatial dimension and external dependencies among channels. We exploit a coarse-to-fine network to enhance the noise inconsistency between original and tampered regions. More importantly, to address the issue of insufficient training data, we design a self-adversarial training strategy that expands training data dynamically to achieve more robust performance. Specifically, in each training iteration, we perform adversarial attacks against our network to generate adversarial examples and train our model on them. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our proposed algorithm steadily outperforms state-of-the-art methods by a clear margin in different benchmark datasets.
description: accepted by TIFS
Non-classical nucleation pathways in stacking-disordered crystals
Creators: name: Leoni, Fabio
name: Russo, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nucleation of crystals from the liquid melt is often characterized by a competition between different crystalline structures or polymorphs, and can result in nuclei with heterogeneous compositions. These mixed-phase nuclei can display nontrivial spatial arrangements, such as layered and onion-like structures, whose composition varies according to the radial distance, and which so far have been explained on the basis of bulk and surface free-energy differences between the competing phases. Here we extend the generality of these non-classical nucleation processes, showing that layered and onion-like structures can emerge solely based on structural fluctuations even in absence of free-energy differences. We consider two examples of competing crystalline structures, hcp and fcc forming in hard spheres, relevant for repulsive colloids and dense liquids, and the cubic and hexagonal diamond forming in water, relevant also for other group 14 elements such as carbon and silicon. We introduce a novel structural order parameter that combined with a neural network classification scheme allows us to study the properties of the growing nucleus from the early stages of nucleation. We find that small nuclei have distinct size fluctuations and compositions from the nuclei that emerge from the growth stage. The transition between these two regimes is characterized by the formation of onion-like structures, in which the composition changes with the distance from the center of the nucleus, similarly to what seen in two-step nucleation process.
Diffusion induced decoherence of stored optical vortices
Creators: name: Wang, T.
name: Zhao, L.
name: Jiang, L.
name: Yelin, S. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the coherence properties of optical vortices stored in atomic ensembles. In the presence of thermal diffusion, the topological nature of stored optical vortices is found not to guarantee slow decoherence. Instead the stored vortex state has decoherence surprisingly larger than the stored Gaussian mode. Generally, the less phase gradient, the more robust for stored coherence against diffusion. Furthermore, calculation of coherence factor shows that the center of stored vortex becomes completely incoherent once diffusion begins and, when reading laser is applied, the optical intensity at the center of the vortex becomes nonzero. Its implication for quantum information is discussed. Comparison of classical diffusion and quantum diffusion is also presented.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures