Archaeology in the Distribution Division of the Central Arizona Project: Thoughts on the History of the Hohokam Culture of Southern Arizona and on the Practice of Archaeology in the 1990s
Creators: name: Marmaduke, William S.
name: Henderson, Kathleen T.
Publisher: name: Northland Research, Inc.
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Santa Cruz Flats
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76829/santa-cruz-flats
subject: Sawtooth Mountains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/76836/sawtooth-mountains
subject: Tucson Basin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/2758/tucson-basin
subject: Picacho Mountains &amp; Reservoir
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/geographic-keyword/54344/picacho-mountains-reservoir
subject: Archaic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5629/archaic
subject: Hohokam Classic period
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/144/hohokam-classic-period
subject: Early Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/temporal-keyword/5602/early-ceramic
subject: Hohokam
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/culture-keyword/21/hohokam
subject: Las Colinas
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/237/las-colinas
subject: McClellan Wash Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3501/mcclellan-wash-site
subject: AZ AA:6:31(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5709/az-aa631asm
subject: Gecko site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8749/gecko-site
subject: Hotts Hawk site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8750/hotts-hawk-site
subject: Hind site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5713/hind-site
subject: La Lomita Pequeña
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/243/la-lomita-pequena
subject: El Caserío
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/245/el-caserio
subject: AZ AA:3:80(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5753/az-aa380asm
subject: Escalante Ruin
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/378/escalante-ruin
subject: Dip site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5754/dip-site
subject: Shelltown
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3904/shelltown
subject: Los Rectangulos
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/3939/los-rectangulos
subject: Pueblo Patricio
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/4741/pueblo-patricio
subject: Maricopa Road
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/4742/maricopa-road
subject: Brady Wash Site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/4743/brady-wash-site
subject: AZ AA:6:25(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5703/az-aa625asm
subject: Marana Community
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/4744/marana-community
subject: AZ AA:2:69(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5736/az-aa269asm
subject: Crip site
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5737/crip-site
subject: La Lomita
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/235/la-lomita
subject: La Ciudad
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/236/la-ciudad
subject: AZ AA:6:3(ASM)
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/5708/az-aa63asm
subject: Tator Hills
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-name/8748/tator-hills
subject: Funerary and Burial Structures or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/301/funerary-and-burial-structures-or-features
subject: Domestic Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/256/domestic-structures
subject: Resource Extraction / Production / Transportation Structure or Features
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/272/resource-extraction-production-transportation-structure-or-features
subject: Archaeological Feature
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/339/archaeological-feature
subject: Pit
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/355/pit
subject: Artifact Scatter
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/340/artifact-scatter
subject: Hearth
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/343/hearth
subject: Commercial or Industrial Structures
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/280/commercial-or-industrial-structures
subject: Factory / Workshop
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/281/factory-workshop
subject: Domestic Structure or Architectural Complex
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/251/domestic-structure-or-architectural-complex
subject: Midden
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/347/midden
subject: Settlements
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/site-type/252/settlements
subject: Pollen
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/13/pollen
subject: Shell
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/14/shell
subject: Ceramic
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/1/ceramic
subject: Chipped Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/2/chipped-stone
subject: Dating Sample
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/3/dating-sample
subject: Fauna
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/4/fauna
subject: Ground Stone
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/7/ground-stone
subject: Building Materials
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/8/building-materials
subject: Human Remains
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/material-type/9/human-remains
subject: Archaeological Overview
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/1/archaeological-overview
subject: Methodology, Theory, or Synthesis
valueUri: https://core.tdar.org/browse/investigation-type/6/methodology-theory-or-synthesis

description: Underwritten by the Bureau of Reclamation, Northland Research archaeologists surveyed more than 7,450 hectares (18,410 acres) of southern Arizona. Two hundred four archaeological sites were recorded. Some sites, but not many, were historic in age; a few were Archaic, from the era before ceramics and sedentary agriculture in the Southwestern lowlands. The majority were from the intervening Hohokam cultural sequence. We learned from these sites that the prehistory of southern Arizona is, at one and the same time, both more complicated but less complex than we had formerly imagined. Our work under the CAP Non-Indian Distribution Division contract focused primarily on an area of southern Arizona broadly known as the Santa Cruz Flats. We say broadly, because we use the "Flats" as a covering term for all of the plain that is south of the Gila River and north of the Tucson Basin and that is drained by the Santa Cruz River, and Greene, Santa Rosa, and Vekol washes. Within it, drainage patterns are indistinct, and were so even before a substantial part of the flats had been converted to agricultural land, due to the low gradient of the plain. The flats are intermediate between what have been traditionally considered the main foci of development for late prehistoric culture, the Salt/Gila River Valley and the Tucson Basin, and as such have not been studied nearly as much as the lands to the north and south. In this respect, the research history of the Flats mirrors its modem developmental history. The concentration of the Distribution Division effort on the Flats has given us a unique perspective from which to view on the prehistory of southern Arizona and our report here is primarily concerned with this viewpoint.