cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Propagation of Cosmic Rays from the Galactic Wind Termination Shock: Back to the Galaxy?
Creators: name: Merten, Lukas
name: Bustard, Chad
name: Zweibel, Ellen G.
name: Tjus, Julia Becker
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although several theories for the origin of cosmic rays in the region between the spectral `knee' and `ankle' exist, this problem is still unsolved. A variety of observations suggest that the transition from Galactic to extragalactic sources occurs in this energy range. In this work we examine whether a Galactic wind which eventually forms a termination shock far outside the Galactic plane can contribute as a possible source to the observed flux in the region of interest. Previous work by Bustard et al. (2017) estimated that particles can be accelerated up to energies above the `knee' up to $R_\mathrm{max} = 10^{16}$ eV for parameters drawn from a model of a Milky Way wind (Everett et al. 2017). A remaining question is whether the accelerated cosmic rays can propagate back into the Galaxy. To answer this crucial question, we simulate the propagation of the cosmic rays using the low energy extension of the CRPropa framework, based on the solution of the transport equation via stochastic differential equations. The setup includes all relevant processes, including three-dimensional anisotropic spatial diffusion, advection, and corresponding adiabatic cooling. We find that, assuming realistic parameters for the shock evolution, a possible Galactic termination shock can contribute significantly to the energy budget in the `knee' region and above. We estimate the resulting produced neutrino fluxes and find them to be below measurements from IceCube and limits by KM3NeT.
description: 16 pages, 16 figures, 1 table, accepted in ApJ
Stacked lensing estimators and their covariance matrices: Excess surface mass density vs. Lensing shear
Creators: name: Shirasaki, Masato
name: Takada, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stacked lensing is a powerful means of measuring the average mass distribution around large-scale structure tracers. There are two stacked lensing estimators used in the literature, denoted as $ΔΣ$ and $γ_+$, which are related as $ΔΣ=Σ_{\rm cr}γ_+$, where $Σ_{\rm cr}(z_l,z_s)$ is the critical surface mass density for each lens-source pair ($z_l$ and $z_s$ are lens and source redshifts, respectively). In this paper we derive a formula for the covariance matrix of $ΔΣ$-estimator focusing on `weight' function to improve the signal-to-noise ($S/N$). We assume that the lensing fields and the distribution of lensing objects obey the Gaussian statistics. With this formula, we show that, if background galaxy shapes are weighted by an amount of $Σ_{\rm cr}^{-2}(z_l,z_s)$, the $ΔΣ$-estimator maximizes the $S/N$ in the shot noise limited regime. We also show that the $ΔΣ$-estimator with the weight $Σ_{\rm cr}^{-2}$ gives a greater $(S/N)^2$ than that of the $γ_+$-estimator by about 5--25\% for lensing objects at redshifts comparable with or higher than the median of source galaxy redshifts for hypothetical Subaru HSC and DES surveys. However, for low-redshift lenses such as $z_l<0.3$, the $γ_+$-estimator has higher $(S/N)^2$ than $ΔΣ$. We also discuss that the $(S/N)^2$ for $ΔΣ$ at large separations in the sample variance limited regime can be boosted, by up to a factor of 1.5, if one adopts a weight of $Σ_{\rm cr}^{-α}$ with $α>2$. Our formula allows one to explore how the combination of the different estimators can approach an optimal estimator in all regimes of redshifts and separation scales.
description: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 2 of Using path analysis to test theory of change: a quantitative process evaluation of the MapSan trial
Creators: name: Bick, Sarah
name: Buxton, Helen
name: Chase, Rachel P.
name: Ross, Ian
name: Adriano, Zaida
name: Capone, Drew
name: Knee, Jackie
name: Brown, Joe
name: Nalá, Rassul
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Dreibelbis, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Process evaluation domains, subdomains and indicators. Process indicators used, with details of dichotomisation and role of variables in path models (exogenous / endogenous, intermediary outcome / potential mediator).
title: Sea-ice Conditions Predict Polar Bear Land Use around Military Installations in Alaska
Creators: name: Regehr, Eric V
name: Laidre, Kristin L.
name: Atwood, Todd C.
name: Stern, Harry L.
name: Cohen, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2023

description: Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) are threatened by sea-ice loss due to climate change, which is concurrently opening the Arctic to natural resource extraction and a broader scope of national security responsibilities. Mitigating the risk of human–bear conflicts is an emerging challenge as many polar bears spend longer ice-free summers on land where they have limited access to food and come into more frequent contact with people. We investigated a suite of physical and ecological variables that influence the timing of polar bear arrival on, and departure from, land using remote-sensing data on sea-ice extent and satellite telemetry data from 72 radio-collared adult female polar bears from 1986 to 2015. Analyses encompassed the coastline of the Southern Beaufort Sea north of Alaska, USA, and focused on zones within a 35-km radius (mean daily travel distance of a polar bear) of 5 military installations. Sea ice in the Southern Beaufort Sea retreated approximately 1 month earlier in spring, and reformed 1 month later in fall, in 2015 compared to 1979. In generalized linear mixed models, the most important predictors of polar bear arrival and departure were the dates of sea-ice breakup and formation, respectively, in localized marine areas surrounding each military zone. Region-wide sea-ice conditions also influenced land use, although to a lesser extent. We found that polar bears spent longer periods on land in the military zones compared to outside the zones, which may reflect increased land use in areas with human activity and potential attractants (noting that some military installations were in proximity to other human settlements). Our results demonstrate that the timing of polar bear land use in northern Alaska is influenced by sea-ice conditions on multiple spatial scales. This information can be used to predict and manage the presence of polar bears around military installations and other places of interest.
Massive Vector Fields in Rotating Black-Hole Spacetimes: Separability and Quasinormal Modes
Creators: name: Frolov, Valeri P.
name: Krtouš, Pavel
name: Kubizňák, David
name: Santos, Jorge E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the separability of the massive vector (Proca) field equation in general Kerr-NUT-(A)dS black hole spacetimes in any number of dimensions, filling a long-standing gap in the literature. The obtained separated equations are studied in more detail for the four-dimensional Kerr geometry and the corresponding quasinormal modes are calculated. Two of the three independent polarizations of the Proca field are shown to emerge from the separation ansatz and the results are found in a perfect agreement with those of the recent numerical study where the full coupled partial differential equations were tackled without using the separability property.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure [v3: title changed, minor modifications, references updated]
Effect of fluid inertia on swimming of a sphere in a viscous incompressible fluid
Creators: name: Felderhof, B. U.
name: Jones, R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Swimming of a sphere in a viscous incompressible fluid is studied on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations for wave-type distortions of the spherical shape. At sizable values of the dimensionless scale number the mean swimming velocity is the result of a delicate balance between the net time-averaged flow generated directly by the surface distortions and the flow generated by the mean Reynolds force density. Depending on the stroke, this can lead to a surprising dependence of the mean swimming velocity on the kinematic viscosity of the fluid. The net flow pattern is calculated as a function of kinematic viscosity for axisymmetric strokes of the swimming sphere. The calculation covers the full range of scale number, from the friction-dominated Stokes regime in the limit of vanishing scale number to the inertia-dominated regime at large scale number. The model therefore provides paradigmatic insight into the fluid dynamics of swimming or flying of a wide range of organisms.
description: 27 pages, 7 figures
Shrinkage and spectral filtering of correlation matrices: a comparison via the Kullback-Leibler distance
Creators: name: Tumminello, M.
name: Lillo, F.
name: Mantegna, R. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The problem of filtering information from large correlation matrices is of great importance in many applications. We have recently proposed the use of the Kullback-Leibler distance to measure the performance of filtering algorithms in recovering the underlying correlation matrix when the variables are described by a multivariate Gaussian distribution. Here we use the Kullback-Leibler distance to investigate the performance of filtering methods based on Random Matrix Theory and on the shrinkage technique. We also present some results on the application of the Kullback-Leibler distance to multivariate data which are non Gaussian distributed.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures, Presented at the Workshop "Random Matrix Theory: From Fundamental Physics To Application", Krakow, Poland, May 3-5, 2007
Additional file 5 of Using path analysis to test theory of change: a quantitative process evaluation of the MapSan trial
Creators: name: Bick, Sarah
name: Buxton, Helen
name: Chase, Rachel P.
name: Ross, Ian
name: Adriano, Zaida
name: Capone, Drew
name: Knee, Jackie
name: Brown, Joe
name: Nalá, Rassul
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Dreibelbis, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 5. Generalised structural equation model with probit link using data from large compounds (> 20 members). Abbreviations: ‘chefe’, chefe de composto (informal compound leader); HWF, handwashing facility; HWWS, handwashing with soap.
title: Constituciones de la réal y distinguida ordon Espanola de Carlos Tercedo...1771 Texte imprimé
Creators: name: Anonyme
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 vol. ; in-4
description: Source: Bibliothèque patrimoniale Villon (Rouen), fonds Liber, Mtm-286
Universal Properties of Self-Avoiding Walks from Two-Dimensional Field Theory
Creators: name: Cardy, John
name: Mussardo, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the recently conjectured exact $S$-matrix of the massive ${\rm O}(n)$ model to derive its form factors and ground state energy. This information is then used in the limit $n\to0$ to obtain quantitative results for various universal properties of self-avoiding chains and loops. In particular, we give the first theoretical prediction of the amplitude ratio $C/D$ which relates the mean square end-to-end distance of chains to the mean square radius of gyration of closed loops. This agrees with the results from lattice enumeration studies to within their errors, and gives strong support for the various assumptions which enter into the field theoretic derivation. In addition, we obtain results for the scaling function of the structure factor of long loops, and for various amplitude ratios measuring the shape of self-avoiding chains. These quantities are all related to moments of correlation functions which are evaluated as a sum over $m$-particle intermediate states in the corresponding field theory. We show that in almost all cases, the restriction to $m\leq2$ gives results which are accurate to at least one part in $10^3$. This remarkable fact is traced to a softening of the $m>2$ branch cuts relative to their behaviour based on phase space arguments alone, a result which follows from the threshold behaviour of the two-body $S$-matrix, $S(0)=-1$. Since this is a general property of interacting 2d field theories, it suggests that similar approximations may well hold for other models. However, we also study the moments of the area of self-avoiding loops,
description: 48 pages, UCSBTH-93-12, ISAS-93-75
Ice loss from the interior of small airless bodies according to an idealized model
Creators: name: Schörghofer, Norbert
name: Hsieh, Henry H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ice in main belt asteroids and Near Earth Objects (NEOs) is of scientific and resource exploration interest, but small airless bodies gradually lose their ice to space by outward diffusion. Here, we quantitatively estimate the time it takes a porous airless body to lose all of its interior ice, based on an analytic solution for the interior temperature field of bodies in stable orbits. Without latent heat, the average surface temperature, which is lower than the classic effective temperature, is representative of the body interior and hence an appropriate temperature to evaluate desiccation time scales. In a spherically averaged model, an explicit analytic solution is obtained for the depth to ice as a function of time and the time to complete desiccation. Half of the ice volume is lost after 11% of this time. A bilobate structure emerges from the strong latitude dependence of desiccation rates. Cold polar regions can harbor subsurface ice, even when the body center does not. Latent heat retards ice loss, and we obtain a succinct expression for the temperature difference between the surface and the ice. In the outer main belt, nearly all bodies 10~km in size or larger should have been able to retain ice in their interiors over the age of the solar system. Each of the following factors favors the presence of ice inside NEOs: a semi-major axis in the outer belt or beyond, a mantle of very low thermal inertia, a young age, or a small and stable axis tilt.
description: submitted to JGR-Planets
Pharmacognostic standardization and evaluation of antiulcer potential of Olax psittacorum leaf extract
Creators: name: Mansingh, Pragyan Parimita
name: Adhikari, Lopamudra
name: Dhara, Moonmun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology

description: The modern medicine has received many plants as a gift from ethnobotany. It is an efficient method of discovering new medicines. The leaves of Olax psittacorum (Lam.) Vahl. were extracted with ethanol, and the phytoconstituents present in the leaf extract were identified using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis (GC-MS), followed by determination of physico-chemical parameters and anti-ulcer properties. The leaf ethanolic extract (LEE) yield was observed to be 43.2%. The quantitative surface microscopy analysis revealed a stomatal index of 30 and 22 epidermal cells and qualitatively confirms presence of quinone, flavonoid, phenol, carbohydrate, tannin, saponin and absence of alkaloids using various screening techniques. The LEE confirms its anti-ulcer potency by inhibiting ulceration by 58% and 75% respectively, thus proving the hypothesis. These identified parameters may be helpful in developing some botanical standards for the standardisation and identification of O. psittacorum leaves with anti-ulcer properties.
Additional file 1 of Assessment of changes in autophagic vesicles in human immune cell lines exposed to nano particles
Creators: name: David, Christopher A. W.
name: del Castillo Busto, M. Estela
name: Cuello-Nuñez, Susana
name: Goenaga-Infante, Heidi
name: Barrow, Michael
name: Fernig, David G.
name: Murray, Patricia
name: Rosseinsky, Matthew J.
name: Owen, Andrew
name: Liptrott, Neill J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. General ICP-MS parametersused for Zn analysis.
Holonomy groups and W-symmetries
Creators: name: Howe, P. S.
name: Papadopoulos, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Irreducible sigma models, i.e. those for which the partition function does not factorise, are defined on Riemannian spaces with irreducible holonomy groups. These special geometries are characterised by the existence of covariantly constant forms which in turn give rise to symmetries of the supersymmetric sigma model actions. The Poisson bracket algebra of the corresponding currents is a W-algebra. Extended supersymmetries arise as special cases.
description: pages 21
Additional file 4 of Using path analysis to test theory of change: a quantitative process evaluation of the MapSan trial
Creators: name: Bick, Sarah
name: Buxton, Helen
name: Chase, Rachel P.
name: Ross, Ian
name: Adriano, Zaida
name: Capone, Drew
name: Knee, Jackie
name: Brown, Joe
name: Nalá, Rassul
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Dreibelbis, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 4. Generalised structural equation model with probit link using data from small compounds (≤ 20 members). Abbreviations: HWF, handwashing facility; HWWS, handwashing with soap.
CHIQINDILARNI QAYTA ISHLASH LOYIHALARINI SAMARADORLIGINI  TA'MINLASH
Creators: name: Sulaymanova, Quysintosh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Bugungi kunda chiqindilar muammosi eng dolzarb ekologik muammolardan biri hisoblanadi. Tahlillarga ko‘ra, keyingi yillarda maishiy va ishlab chiqarish chiqindilari hajmi yildan-yilga ortib bormoqda. Ayniqsa, XXI asrda maishiy chiqindilar hajmining ko‘payishi ekologik barqarorlikka nihoyatda salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatdi. Ush bu maqolada chiqindilarni qayta ishlash bo‘yicha bir nechta usullarni ko‘rib chiqamiz.
Lessons about likelihood functions from nuclear physics
Creators: name: Hanson, Kenneth M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Least-squares data analysis is based on the assumption that the normal (Gaussian) distribution appropriately characterizes the likelihood, that is, the conditional probability of each measurement d, given a measured quantity y, p(d | y). On the other hand, there is ample evidence in nuclear physics of significant disagreements among measurements, which are inconsistent with the normal distribution, given their stated uncertainties. In this study the histories of 99 measurements of the lifetimes of five elementary particles are examined to determine what can be inferred about the distribution of their values relative to their stated uncertainties. Taken as a whole, the variations in the data are somewhat larger than their quoted uncertainties would indicate. These data strongly support using a Student t distribution for the likelihood function instead of a normal. The most probable value for the order of the t distribution is 2.6 +/- 0.9. It is shown that analyses based on long-tailed t-distribution likelihoods gracefully cope with outlying data.
description: presented at 27th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering (Maxent 2007), 10 pages, 12 figures
Additional file 6 of Using path analysis to test theory of change: a quantitative process evaluation of the MapSan trial
Creators: name: Bick, Sarah
name: Buxton, Helen
name: Chase, Rachel P.
name: Ross, Ian
name: Adriano, Zaida
name: Capone, Drew
name: Knee, Jackie
name: Brown, Joe
name: Nalá, Rassul
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Dreibelbis, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 6. Linear probability path analysis of data from small compounds (≤ 20 members) – standardised coefficients and covariances between exogenous variables. Abbreviations: HWF, handwashing facility; HWWS, handwashing with soap.
title: Patrice Billaudel
Creators: name: Leibowitch, Jacques (1942-2020)
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: 1 fichier (1 page).
Capturing photoelectron motion with guiding fictitious particles
Creators: name: Dubois, Jonathan
name: Berman, Simon
name: Chandre, Cristel
name: Uzer, Turgay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) from atoms and molecules undergo qualitative changes as laser parameters are varied. We present a model to interpret the shape of the PMDs. The electron's motion is guided by a fictitious particle in our model, clearly characterizing two distinct dynamical behaviors: direct ionization and rescattering. As laser ellipticity is varied, our model reproduces the bifurcation in the PMDs seen in experiments.
Subdivision surfaces with isogeometric analysis adapted refinement weights
Creators: name: Zhang, Qiaoling
name: Sabin, Malcolm
name: Cirak, Fehmi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Subdivision surfaces provide an elegant isogeometric analysis framework for geometric design and analysis of partial differential equations defined on surfaces. They are already a standard in high-end computer animation and graphics and are becoming available in a number of geometric modelling systems for engineering design. The subdivision refinement rules are usually adapted from knot insertion rules for splines. The quadrilateral Catmull-Clark scheme considered in this work is equivalent to cubic B-splines away from extraordinary, or irregular, vertices with other than four adjacent elements. Around extraordinary vertices the surface consists of a nested sequence of smooth spline patches which join $C^1$ continuously at the point itself. As known from geometric design literature, the subdivision weights can be optimised so that the surface quality is improved by minimising short-wavelength surface oscillations around extraordinary vertices. We use the related techniques to determine weights that minimise finite element discretisation errors as measured in the thin-shell energy norm. The optimisation problem is formulated over a characteristic domain and the errors in approximating cup- and saddle-like quadratic shapes obtained from eigenanalysis of the subdivision matrix are minimised. In finite element analysis the optimised subdivision weights for either cup- or saddle-like shapes are chosen depending on the shape of the solution field around an extraordinary vertex. As our computations confirm, the optimised subdivision weights yield a reduction of $50\%$ and more in discretisation errors in the energy and $L_2$ norms. Although, as to be expected, the convergence rates are the same as for the classical Catmull-Clark weights, the convergence constants are improved.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
title: ADCO, Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0727
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: cartulaire
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0727, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0727, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Topological Excitations in Compact Maxwell-Chern-Simons Theory
Creators: name: Diamantini, M. C.
name: Sodano, P.
name: Trugenberger, C. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a lattice model of compact (2+1)-dimensional Maxwell-Chern- Simons theory, starting from its formulation in terms of gauge invariant quantities proposed by Deser and Jackiw. We thereby identify the topological excitations and their interactions. These consist of monopolo- antimonopole pairs bounded by strings carrying both magnetic flux and electric charge. The electric charge renders the Dirac strings observable and endows them with a finite energy per unit length, which results in a linearly confining string tension. Additionally, the strings interact via an imaginary, topological term measuring the (self-) linking number of closed strings.
description: harvmac, CERN-TH. 6906/93, DFUPG 80/93
Splitting of an Extremal Reissner-Nordström Throat via Quantum Tunneling
Creators: name: Brill, Dieter R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interior near the horizon of an extremal Reissner-Nordström black hole is taken as an initial state for quantum mechanical tunneling. An instanton is presented that connects this state with a final state describing the presence of several horizons. This is interpreted as a WKB description of fluctuations due to the throat splitting into several components.
description: 10 pages
title: Informatik vor, im und nach dem Schweizer Gymnasium
Creators: name: Komm, Dennis
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Schweiz
subject: Gymnasium
subject: Informatikunterricht
subject: Beispiele

description: In diesem Beitrag wird die aktuelle Situation der Schulinformatik in der Deutschschweiz be-schrieben. Im Zentrum stehen Unterrichtsbeispiele zum Aufbau von Kompetenzen, die über die gesamte Schulzeit gefördert werden können. Schließlich wagen wir einen Blick in eine Zukunft, in der die 2024 angestoßenen Prozesse der Umsetzung eines Grundlagenfachs Informatik, wel-che die gesamte Schweiz betreffen, weitgehend umgesetzt sind.
title: Graphen im Unterricht - Mit Hilfe von Python und Jupyter-Notebooks
Creators: name: Bovermann, Klaus
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Python
subject: Graphen
subject: Jupyter-Notebooks

description: Graphen spielen eine große Rolle in vielen Alltagssituationen sowie in der wissenschaftlichen Informatik. Sie sind Teil der Informatik-Lehrpläne (mindestens der Leistungskurse) der gymnasialen Oberstufe. Beispielsweise findet man das Thema im schulinternen Lehrplan von NRW: [...] Die im Folgenden aufgeführten Teile dieses Artikels sind entstanden, um Graphen im Unterricht für die Schülerinnen und Schüler erfahrbar zu machen, zum Beispiel unter Nutzung von Python und Jupyter-Notebooks. Dazu wurden entwickelt:
• zwei Python-Bibliotheken, mit denen die Verwaltung von ungerichteten Graphen einfach gelingt.
• eine für die Schülerinnen und Schüler geeignete sehr kurze Einführung in die Begriffswelt von Graphen.
• ein Jupyter-Notebook, das den Schülerinnen und Schülern als Arbeitsmaterial vorgelegt wird.
Inflationary predictions of double-well, Coleman-Weinberg, and hilltop potentials with non-minimal coupling
Creators: name: Bostan, Nilay
name: Güleryüz, Ömer
name: Şenoğuz, Vedat Nefer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss how the non-minimal coupling $ξϕ^2R$ between the inflaton and the Ricci scalar affects the predictions of single field inflation models where the inflaton has a non-zero vacuum expectation value (VEV) $v$ after inflation. We show that, for inflaton values both above the VEV and below the VEV during inflation, under certain conditions the inflationary predictions become approximately the same as the predictions of the Starobinsky model. We then analyze inflation with double-well and Coleman-Weinberg potentials in detail, displaying the regions in the $v$-$ξ$ plane for which the spectral index $n_s$ and the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ values are compatible with the current observations. $r$ is always larger than 0.002 in these regions. Finally, we consider the effect of $ξ$ on small field inflation (hilltop) potentials.
description: 1+21 pages, 9 figures. v2: added references and a few clarifications, matches published version
Community Working Groups
Creators: name: Fox, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2007

description: This presentation was part of a 2-day workshop provided for the Australian Bureau of Meteorology during 15-16 October 2007. The workshop targets system administrators whose task is to setup a data service for interactive users, batch processes, and high level web services, that will access netcdf, hdf, or freeform data in a file system or SQL data in a database. The workshop provides them with the information they need to install and configure Hyrax along with some background on available clients so they can test their servers and give basic advice to users.

Summary of the slide deck: The OPeNDAP Community Working Groups, as outlined in the presentation, are established with the goal of leveraging members' expertise to produce specific deliverables or outcomes within a six-month timeframe, with a minimum requirement of three participants per group. Modeled after the best practices of various organizations, these groups cover a wide range of topics including authentication, security, server-side functions, virtualization (aggregation), geospatial interoperability, semantics, response types, metrics, and more. Notable groups of interest include those focused on security, authentication and authorization, aggregation and virtual datasets, semantics, asynchronous transactions, and OPeNDAP to file translation modules. Development activities discussed include services, security, and authentication, aggregation and virtual datasets, asynchronous transactions, OPeNDAP to file translation modules, and cataloging and digital libraries, emphasizing the importance of discovery and registration of datasets within digital libraries.
title: Den k-Means-Algorithmus verstehen: Mit Stift & Papier und BlueJ
Creators: name: Andres, Daniela
name: Joachim, Silvia
name: Hennecke, Martin
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Künstliche Intelligenz
subject: Unterrichtskonzept
subject: Java
subject: BlueJ
subject: k-Means-Algorithmus
subject: Enaktive Einführung

description: Dieser Praxisbeitrag stellt unterrichtliche Aktivitäten vor, um den k-Means-Algorithmus einzuführen und ihn anschließend in BlueJ zu implementieren. Anhand eines Beispieldatensatzes mit Fundkoordinaten von Pilzen können sich die Schülerinnen und Schüler die Funktionsweise des k-Means-Algorithmus selbst erschließen. Der Datensatz ist zweidimensional und klein genug, um den Algorithmus mit Stift und Papier in angemessener Zeit zu erarbeiten. Anschließend kann der Algorithmus in der den Schülerinnen und Schülern sowie Lehrkräften bekannten Umgebung BlueJ programmiert und das Ergebnis durch Einlesen einer csv-Datei mit den vorher verwendeten Fundkoordinaten verifiziert werden.
The B-meson mass splitting from non-perturbative quenched lattice QCD
Creators: name: Grozin, A. G.
name: Guazzini, D.
name: Marquard, P.
name: Meyer, H. B.
name: Piclum, J. H.
name: Sommer, R.
name: Steinhauser, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform the non-perturbative (quenched) renormalization of the chromo-magnetic operator in Heavy Quark Effective Theory and its three-loop matching to QCD. At order 1/m of the expansion, the operator is responsible for the mass splitting between the pseudoscalar and vector B-mesons. These new computed factors are affected by an uncertainty negligible in comparison to the known bare matrix element of the operator between B-states. Furthermore, they push the quenched determination of the spin splitting for the Bs-meson much closer to its experimental value than the previous perturbatively renormalized computations. The renormalization factor for three commonly used heavy quark actions and the Wilson gauge action and useful parametrizations of the matching coefficient are provided.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Extracting maximum power from active colloidal heat engines
Creators: name: Martin, D.
name: Nardini, C.
name: Cates, M. E.
name: Fodor, É.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal heat engines extract power out of a fluctuating bath by manipulating a confined tracer. Considering a self-propelled tracer surrounded by a bath of passive colloids, we optimize the engine performances based on the maximum available power. Our approach relies on an adiabatic mean-field treatment of the bath particles which reduces the many-body description into an effective tracer dynamics. It leads us to reveal that, when operated at constant activity, an engine can only produce less maximum power than its passive counterpart. In contrast, the output power of an isothermal engine, operating with cyclic variations of the self-propulsion without any passive equivalent, exhibits an optimum in terms of confinement and activity. Direct numerical simulations of the microscopic dynamics support the validity of these results even beyond the mean-field regime, with potential relevance to the design of experimental engines.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
title: Snap!GPT – Bausteine für generative künstliche Intelligenz
Creators: name: Mönig, Jens
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2024

description: „Und dann?“
Um diese Frage geht es bei generativer künstlicher Intelligenz. Darum, was als nächstes kom-men könnte: Das nächste Wort in einer Geschichte, der nächste Ton in einem Lied, der nächste Strich in einer Zeichnung. In diesem Beitrag zeige ich, wie man ein „Next Token Prediction“ System in Stil von ChatGPT in Snap! selber programmieren kann. Gibt man ihm ein paar Ge-schichten, dann lernt es, eigene Text zu schreiben. Gibt man ihm ein paar Kinderlieder, dann improvisiert es eigene Melodien, und zeichnet man ihm etwas vor, dann versucht es, selbst etwas zu kritzeln.
Man selbst lernt bei dieser Aktivität, Wörter, Musiknoten und Striche zu kodieren, in einem Datenmodell zu strukturieren, und kontextbezogen abzufragen. Das lässt sich mit zwei eigenen Funktionsblöcken, ein paar Schleifen, Variablen und Bedingungen bewerkstelligen, und eignet sich z.B. für den Informatikunterricht ab der 7. Klasse.
Warm Molecular Gas in M51: Mapping the Excitation Temperature and Mass of H_2 with the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph
Creators: name: Brunner, G.
name: Sheth, K.
name: Armus, L.
name: Wolfire, M.
name: Vogel, S.
name: Schinnerer, E.
name: Helou, G.
name: Dufour, R.
name: Smith, J.
name: Dale, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have mapped the warm molecular gas traced by the H_2 S(0) - H_2 S(5) pure rotational mid-infrared emission lines over a radial strip across the nucleus and disk of M51 (NGC 5194) using the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) on the Spitzer Space Telescope. The six H_2 lines have markedly different emission distributions. We obtained the H_2 temperature and surface density distributions by assuming a two temperature model: a warm (T = 100 - 300 K) phase traced by the low J (S(0) - S(2)) lines and a hot phase (T = 400 - 1000 K) traced by the high J (S(2) - S(5)) lines. The lowest molecular gas temperatures are found within the spiral arms (T ~ 155 K), while the highest temperatures are found in the inter-arm regions (T > 700 K). The warm gas surface density reaches a maximum of 11 M_sun/pc^2 in the northwestern spiral arm, whereas the hot gas surface density peaks at 0.24 M_sun/pc^2 at the nucleus. The spatial offset between the peaks in the warm and hot phases and the differences in the distributions of the H_2 line emission suggest that the warm phase is mostly produced by UV photons in star forming regions while the hot phase is mostly produced by shocks or X-rays associated with nuclear activity. The warm H_2 is found in the dust lanes of M51, spatially offset from the brightest HII regions. The warm H_2 is generally spatially coincident with the cold molecular gas traced by CO (J = 1 - 0) emission, consistent with excitation of the warm phase in dense photodissociation regions (PDRs). In contrast, the hot H_2 is most prominent in the nuclear region. Here, over a 0.5 kpc radius around the nucleus of M51, the hot H_2 coincides with [O IV](25.89 micron) and X-ray emission indicating that shocks and/or X-rays are responsible for exciting this phase.
title: Reinforcement Learning Schritt für Schritt in Schulprojekten
Creators: name: Rau, Thomas
Publisher: name: Gesellschaft für Informatik
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning
subject: KI
subject: Reinforcement Learning
subject: Greenfoot
subject: Java

description: In diesem Artikel werden kleine Unterrichtsprojekte vorgestellt, anhand derer man sich dem Thema Reinforcement Learning – einem Teilbereich des Machine Learning, wie auch überwachtes und überwachtes Lernen – in mehreren Schritten in der Sekundarstufe II nähern kann. Jeder Schritt stößt am Ende auf Grenzen, so dass sich jeweils die nächste Erweiterung anbietet. Am Anfang steht das manuelle Anlegen einer einfachen handschriftlichen Tabelle über entscheidende Züge in einem Spiel. Weil das nur bei einfachen Spielen geht, ist der nächste Schritt das Anlegen und Anpassen einer Q-Tabelle mit kontinuierlicher Evaluation sämtlicher Züge. Im dritten Schritt wird die für manche Fälle nicht mehr ausreichende Q-Tabelle durch ein Neuronales Netz ersetzt.
title: 01_0687
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Additional file 7 of Using path analysis to test theory of change: a quantitative process evaluation of the MapSan trial
Creators: name: Bick, Sarah
name: Buxton, Helen
name: Chase, Rachel P.
name: Ross, Ian
name: Adriano, Zaida
name: Capone, Drew
name: Knee, Jackie
name: Brown, Joe
name: Nalá, Rassul
name: Cumming, Oliver
name: Dreibelbis, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. Linear probability path analysis of data from large compounds (> 20 members) – standardised coefficients and covariances between exogenous variables. Abbreviations: ‘chefe’, chefe de composto (informal compound leader); HWF, handwashing facility; HWWS, handwashing with soap.
Field Galaxy Evolution Since Z~1 from a Sample of QSO Absorption-Selected Galaxies
Creators: name: Steidel, C.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Persson, S. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present some of the results of a large survey aimed at establishing the properties of galaxies selected by their having produced detectable Mg~II $λλ2796$, 2803 absorption in the spectra of background QSOs. The present sample covers the redshift range $0.2 \le z \le 1.0 $, with $\langle z \rangle = 0.65$. From an extensive program of optical and near-IR imaging and optical spectroscopy, we find that the galaxies appear to be similar to normal galaxies at the present epoch, ranging from late--type spiral galaxies to those whose spectra and colors resemble present--day ellipticals. Contrary to some faint field galaxy samples selected using different criteria, over the redshift range observed we find no evidence for significant evolution in rest--frame $B-K$ color, space density, or (rest--frame $B$ or $K$) luminosity. The ``average'' Mg~II absorbing galaxy appears to be consistent with a normal 0.7$L_B^{\ast}$ Sb galaxy having a roughly constant star formation rate since $z \sim 1$, although galaxies spanning a range of a factor of $\sim 70$ in luminosity are found in the absorber sample. The diffuse gas cross-section selection imposed by studies of this kind appears to be biased {\it against} the relatively underluminous, blue galaxies which apparently dominate the number counts at faint magnitudes. However, essentially all ``normal'' field galaxies, independent of spectroscopic type, appear to be potential QSO absorbers.
description: to appear in ApJ Letters, 6 pages, compressed, uuencoded postscript, CSR-94-22
A Topological Model for Two Dimensional Gravity Coupled to Matter
Creators: name: Cugliandolo, L. F.
name: Schaposnik, F. A.
name: Vucetich, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a topological gauge theory in two dimensions with symmetry groups $ISO(2,1)$, $SO(2,1)$ and $SO(1,2)$ we construct a model for gravity with non-trivial coupling to matter. We discuss the equations of motion which are connected to those of previous related models but incorporate matter content. We also discuss the resulting quantum theory and finally present explicit formulæ$\;$ for topological invariants.
description: 41 pages
Solution for a bipartite Euclidean traveling-salesman problem in one dimension
Creators: name: Caracciolo, Sergio
name: Di Gioacchino, Andrea
name: Gherardi, Marco
name: Malatesta, Enrico M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The traveling salesman problem is one of the most studied combinatorial optimization problems, because of the simplicity in its statement and the difficulty in its solution. We characterize the optimal cycle for every convex and increasing cost function when the points are thrown independently and with an identical probability distribution in a compact interval. We compute the average optimal cost for every number of points when the distance function is the square of the Euclidean distance. We also show that the average optimal cost is not a self-averaging quantity by explicitly computing the variance of its distribution in the thermodynamic limit. Moreover, we prove that the cost of the optimal cycle is not smaller than twice the cost of the optimal assignment of the same set of points. Interestingly, this bound is saturated in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures