cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Market versus non-market assignment of initial ownership
Creators: name: Che, Yeon-Koo
name: Gale, Ian
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: Economics

description: We study the assignment of initial ownership of a good when agents differ in their ability to pay. Selling the good at the market-clearing price favors the wealthy in the sense that they may acquire the good instead of poor buyers who value it more highly. Non-market assignment schemes, even simple random rationing, may yield a more efficient allocation than the competitive market would - if recipients of the good are allowed to resell. Schemes that favor the poor are even more desirable in that context. The ability to resell the good is critical to the results, but allowing resale also invites speculation, which undermines its effectiveness. If the level of speculation is sufficiently high, restricting resale may be beneficial.
Search for anomalous production of prompt like-sign muon pairs and constraints on physics beyond the Standard Model with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An inclusive search for anomalous production of two prompt, isolated muons with the same electric charge is presented. The search is performed in a data sample corresponding to 1.6 fb^-1 of integrated luminosity collected in 2011 at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Muon pairs are selected by requiring two isolated muons of the same electric charge with pT > 20 GeV and abs(eta) < 2.5. Minimal requirements are placed on the rest of the event activity. The distribution of the invariant mass of the muon pair m(mumu) is found to agree well with the background expectation. Upper limits on the cross section for anomalous production of two muons with the same electric charge are placed as a function of m(mumu) within a fiducial region defined by the event selection. The fiducial cross- section limit constrains the like-sign top-quark pair-production cross section to be below 3.7 pb at 95% confidence level. The data are also analyzed to search for a narrow like-sign dimuon resonance as predicted for e.g. doubly charged Higgs bosons (H++/H--). Assuming pair production of H++/H-- bosons and a branching ratio to muons of 100% (33%), this analysis excludes masses below 355 (244) GeV and 251 (209) GeV for H++/H-- bosons coupling to left-handed and right-handed fermions, respectively.
description: 10 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 3 figures, 3 tables, final version published in Physical Review D
TROPHIC ECOLOGY AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CONDITION OF BLACK SEA BASS CENTROPRISTIS STRIATA IN THE MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT
Creators: name: La Rosa, Ginni Alice
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental science
subject: Environmental management
subject: black sea bass
subject: coastal ecosystem
subject: fisheries management
subject: lipid extraction
subject: stable isotope analysis
subject: trophic ecology

description: Black sea bass Centropristis striata (Linnaeus, 1758) is a valuable Middle Atlantic Bight fisheries species, but spatial patterns in condition and diet during summer residence at inshore reefs remain largely unknown. I examined a suite of potential drivers of physiological condition and trophic niche of C. striata using morphometric, stomach contents, and stable isotope indicators. Regional differences in liver tissue lipid content and standard condition indices covaried with additional biotic and abiotic factors. I show that liver tissue must be corrected for lipid content prior to interpreting liver carbon stable isotope data and I provide a correction equation for this species. Both spatial and biological factors explained observed patterns in diet and trophic niche metrics. An understanding of the factors that underlie spatial and temporal patterns in condition and trophic ecology provides insights necessary to help inform ecologically-focused management decisions.
Economic Reform: View from METI
Creators: name: Hayashi, Ryozo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Economics

description: The most spectacular change in the global economic theater is the Japanese economy. The economy, which was about to dominate the global market a decade ago, now seems to have lost its strength completely with no sign of recovery in sight. Since the middle of the 1980s, the development of IT and globalization created two fundamental changes, namely the development of a powerful global market, and the evolution of the new process by which value was created. During this time period, the yen appreciated sharply and suddenly. However, these changes were not well recognized because of the bubble economy. While these changes require fundamental change of economic structure, Japan was slow in responding to these changes. In the meantime, international deflationary pressures made this even more difficult, and a demographic change -- the inversion of the age pyramid in the structure of the national population -- was having an increasingly negative impact on economic activity. In this paper I focus on the new economic reality Japan faces and the four key issues Japan must address while moving towards economic reform. These issues are: new management in the global competitive market; change in the "value creation" paradigm; the problem of deflation; and the Koizumi cabinet and reform of the decision-making process.
Signs of magnetic accretion in young Be/X-ray pulsar SXP 1062
Creators: name: Ikhsanov, N. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spin behaviour of the neutron star in the newly discovered young Be/X-ray long-period pulsar SXP 1062 is discussed. The star is observed to rotate with the period of 1062s, and spin-down at the rate ~ - 2.6 \times 10^{-12} Hz s^{-1}. I show that all of the conventional accretion scenarios encounter major difficulties explaining the rapid spin-down of the pulsar. These difficulties can be, however, avoided within the magnetic accretion scenario in which the neutron star is assumed to accrete from a magnetized wind. The spin-down rate of the pulsar can be explained within this scenario provided the surface magnetic field of the neutron star is B_* ~ 4 \times 10^{13} G. I show that the age of the pulsar in this case lies in the rage (2-4) \times 10^4 yr, which is consistent with observations. The spin evolution of the pulsar is briefly discussed.
description: accepted for publication in MNRAS
Mitochondrial complex I functionality and protein oxidative damage in lymphoblasts from lithium responsive patients with bipolar disorder, affected and unaffected relatives
Creators: name: Zborovszky, Camila Carolina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: Evidence has demonstrated that mitochondria underline the neurobiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Investigating complex I functionality in transformed lymphoblasts from lithium responsive patients with BD, its relation with increased oxidative damage, and the response to stress induced by low glucose treatment, will aid in the search for peripheral biomarkers for this debilitating disorder. Objective: Confirm the alterations in complex I activity as well as levels of its subunit, NDUFS7, in addition to oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins, by increased levels of protein carbonyls and 3-nitrotyrosine content, in lymphoblasts . The response to low glucose stress will be evaluated by measuring complex I activity, NDUFS7 levels, and protein oxidative damage. Design: Complex I activity was measured by spectrophotometry and tyrosine-nitration induced damage was assessed using a competitive enzyme immunoassay. Immunoblotting was used to measure NDUFS7 levels and protein carbonyl levels. All assays were carried out in cell pellet fractions, except for complex I activity which was carried out in mitochondrial fractions. Patients: We studied lymphoblasts from patients (14 with BD, and 14 relatives of BD patients affected with a psychiatric illness) and from non-psychiatric comparison controls (N=15) as well as 16 relatives of BD patients unaffected by a psychiatric illness. Results: Our results showed that levels of complex I activity in lymphoblasts differed significantly between the groups, with the lowest values for control subjects, and highest in unaffected and affected relatives, under normal glucose conditions. We did not find significant differences between the groups in NDUFS7, protein carbonyl, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels, nor did we find any correlation between complex I activity and NDUFS7, protein carbonyl, and 3-nitrotyrosine levels, for both treatment conditions (normal and low glucose). Conclusions: These findings suggest an up-regulation of peripheral complex I activity in patients with BD and their relatives, as a potential compensatory mechanism preventing protein oxidative damage induced by complex I dysfunctionality . Future studies, evaluating the potential role of lithium in peripheral cells targeting sites such as complex I, are necessary in order to gain insight into the mechanisms in which cells can prevent the oxidative damage characteristic of the disorder.
Electronic structure of (LaNiO$_3$)$_2$/(LaAlO$_3$)$_N$ heterostructures grown along [111]
Creators: name: Rüegg, Andreas
name: Mitra, Chandrima
name: Demkov, Alexander A.
name: Fiete, Gregory A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic structure of a LaNiO$_3$ bilayer grown along the [111] direction and confined between insulating layers of LaAlO$_3$ is theoretically investigated using a combination of first principle calculations and effective multi-orbital lattice models. The LDA band structure is well reproduced by a tight-binding model for the Ni-$e_g$ orbitals defined on the buckled honeycomb lattice. We highlight peculiar properties of this model which include almost flat bands as well as linear and quadratic band crossing points. The effect of local correlations is discussed within the LDA$+U$ scheme and within the Hartree-Fock approximation for interacting multi-orbital lattice models. Over a wide range of interaction parameters we find that a ferromagnetic phase is energetically favored. We discuss the possibility of additional orbital order which could stabilize a spontaneous Chern insulator with chiral edge modes or a staggered orbital phase with a $\sqrt{3}\times\sqrt{3}$ reconstruction of the unit cell. By studying an interacting nickel-oxygen lattice model we find that the stability of these orbitally ordered phases also depends on the value of the charge-transfer energy. Controlling the charge-transfer energy might therefore be an important step towards engineering exotic electronic phases in certain classes of oxide heterostructures.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures
OPIOID ABUSE AMONG ADOLESCENTS WHO OFFEND: RISK FACTORS AND THE ROLE OF GENDER
Creators: name: Hickman, Shelby Nichole
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Criminology
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public health
subject: Adolescents
subject: Gender
subject: Juvenile justice
subject: Opioids
subject: Substance use

description: In this paper, I explore risk factors for opioid use and abuse among juvenile justice system-involved adolescents convicted of a serious offense; a group known to experience high rates of substance abuse and dependence. Using the Pathways to Desistance dataset, I assess whether risk factors for substance use that includes opioids are distinct from the risk factors for other illicit substance use that does not including opioids (non-opioid substance use). I also explore how, if at all, the motives and patterns of opioid use are distinct for male and female adolescent offenders. I identify older age, white race, and clinically significant mental illness as significant risk factors for substance use including opioids relative to non-opioid substance use. I do not find any distinct risk factors for adolescent females’ opioid use relative to their male peers.
Additional file 2 of Aspiration versus peritoneal lavage in appendicitis: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Burini, Gloria
name: Cianci, Maria Chiara
name: Coccetta, Marco
name: Spizzirri, Alessandro
name: Di Saverio, Salomone
name: Coletta, Riccardo
name: Sapienza, Paolo
name: Mingoli, Andrea
name: Cirocchi, Roberto
name: Morabito, Antonino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Excluded studies.
Thermodynamic instabilities in dynamical quark models with complex conjugate mass poles
Creators: name: Benić, Sanjin
name: Blaschke, David
name: Buballa, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the CJT thermodynamic potential of dynamical quark models with a quark propagator represented by complex conjugate mass poles inevitably exhibits thermodynamic instabilities. We find that the minimal coupling of the quark sector to a Polyakov loop potential can strongly suppress but not completely remove such instabilities. This general effect is explicitly demonstrated in the framework of a covariant, chirally symmetric, effective quark model.
description: Minor typos corrected, submitted version
Observations of particle acceleration in the blast waves of Gamma-ray Bursts
Creators: name: Curran, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron energy distribution index, p, is a fundamental parameter of the process by which electrons at shock fronts are accelerated to relativistic speeds and by which they radiate, via synchrotron emission. This acceleration process is applicable to a myriad of astronomical jet sources such as AGN, X-ray binaries and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), as well as to particle acceleration in the solar wind and supernovae, and the acceleration of cosmic rays. The accurate measurement of the distribution of p is of fundamental importance to differentiate between the possible theories of electron acceleration at any relativistic shock front; there is division as to whether p has a universal value or whether it has a distribution, and if so, what that distribution is. Here one such source of synchrotron emission is examined: the blast waves of GRB afterglows observed by the Swift satellite. Within the framework of the GRB blast wave model, the constraints placed on the distribution of p by the observed X-ray spectral and temporal indices are examined and the distribution parametrized. The results show that the observed distribution of spectral indices is inconsistent with an underlying distribution of p composed of a single discrete value but consistent with a Gaussian distribution centred at p = 2.4 and having a width of 0.6. This finding disagrees with theoretical work that argues for a single, universal value of p, but also demonstrates that the width of the distribution is not as wide as has been suggested by some authors.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures; accepted to the proceedings of the meeting, HEPRO III: High Energy Phenomena in Relativistic Outflows (Barcelona, June 2011)
Tissue-Specific Regulation of Contraction and Elongation in the C. elegans Early Embryo
Creators: name: Drewnik, Elizabeth Daisy
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Morphogenesis
subject: Rho kinase
subject: myosin phosphatase
subject: p21-activated kinase
subject: C. elegans
subject: cytoskeleton
subject: actin
subject: Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biology--Molecular
subject: Psychology--Developmental

description: Morphogenesis, a key feature of embryonic development, is driven by actin cytoskeleton contraction. Actin and myosin activity promote elongation of the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo from a ball of cells to a tubular worm. I used mutants in the elongation/contraction pathway to assess tissue-specific requirements of components regulating the contractile pathway. Contraction occurs mainly in the lateral embryonic epidermal cells, while the dorsoventral epidermal cells play a more passive role. Elongation is regulated by Rho kinase/LET-502, p-21 activating kinase/PAK-1, and myosin phosphatase/MEL-11. Though it is known that LET-502 and MEL-11 are expressed throughout the epidermis, in which cells the genes are necessary or sufficient is unknown. I used transgenic animals and body length measurements to show that LET-502 is sufficient in lateral but not dorsoventral cells, and that PAK-1 and MEL-11 are not sufficient in either lateral or dorsovetnral cells.
The Tsallis Distribution in Proton-Proton Collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 0.9 TeV at the LHC
Creators: name: Cleymans, J.
name: Worku, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Tsallis distribution has been used recently to fit the transverse momentum distributions of identified particles by the STAR and PHENIX collaborations at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and by the ALICE and CMS collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider. Theoretical issues are clarified concerning the thermodynamic consistency of the Tsallis distribution in the particular case of relativistic high energy quantum distributions. An improved form is proposed for describing the transverse momentum distribution and fits are presented together with estimates of the parameter $q$ and the temperature $T$.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1106.3405
Plan S and the Quest for Global Open Access
Creators: name: Hampson, Glenn
Publisher: name: Open Scholarship Initiative Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: Plan S is an ambitious, EU-based effort attempting to accelerate the global transition to open access. While this plan isn’t the only one trying to improve open, or the first, it has generated much interest and discussion. Some in OSI support Plan S as written. Others support it with minor changes. Still others support the plan but with major changes, or the idea of Plan S but not this plan. As a body representing the views of all stakeholder groups in scholarly communication, the opinions and interests of OSI on Plan S are broad. One of our goals, however, on Plan S and other scholcomm issues, is to find common ground between these views. Therefore, this document provides a brief overview of Plan S, OSI's observations about it, and suggestions about where common ground might exist.
description: Open Scholarship Initiative Proceedings, 2019
The Geography of Inter-State Resource Wars
Creators: name: Caselli, Francesco
name: Morelli, Massimo
name: Rohner, Dominic
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We establish a theoretical as well as empirical framework to assess the role of resource endowments and their geographic location for inter-State conflict. The main predictions of the theory are that conflict tends to be more likely when at least one country has natural resources; when the resources in the resource-endowed country are closer to the border; and, in the case where both countries have natural resources, when the resources are located asymmetrically vis-a-vis the border. We test these predictions on a novel dataset featuring oilfield distances from bilateral borders. The empirical analysis shows that the presence and location of oil are significant and quantitatively important predictors of inter-State conflicts after WW2.
The Performance Implications of Asset versus Transactional Advantages of MNEs
Creators: name: Iaquinto, Anthony L.
name: Beechler, Schon L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1991
Subjects: Commerce

description: The current paper found no significant relationships between performance and the degree of a MNE's foreign direct investment. The current paper did find a significant positive association between performance and the degree to which a MNE internalizes its intermediate product market. However, this latter relationship also appears to be mediated by the industry in which the firm is embedded.
Issue Brief 4: Plan S & the Quest for Global Open
Creators: name: Hampson, Glenn
Publisher: name: Open Scholarship Initiative Proceedings
Year: 2019

description: Plan S is an ambitious, EU-based effort attempting to accelerate the global transition to open access. While this plan isn’t the only one trying to improve open, or the first, it has generated much interest and discussion. What does the future hold for this plan and for global open efforts in general? Time will tell.
description: Open Scholarship Initiative Proceedings, 2019
Statistical discrimination with neighborhood effects: Can integration eliminate negative stereotypes?
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Shubham
name: Sethi, Rajiv
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Labor economics

description: We introduce neighborhood effects in the costs of human capital acquisition into a model of statistical discrimination in labor markets. This creates a link between the level of segregation and the likelihood and extent of statistical discrimination. As long as negative stereotypes persist in the face of increasing integration, skill levels rise in the disadvantaged group and fall in the advantaged group. If integration proceeds beyond some threshold, however, there can be a qualitative change in the set of equilibria, with negative stereotypes becoming unsustainable and skill levels in both groups changing significantly. This change can work in either direction: skill levels may rise in both groups, or fall in both groups. Which of these outcomes arises depends on the population share of the disadvantaged group, and on the curvature of the relationship between neighborhood quality and the costs of human capital accumulation.
Additional file 3 of Aspiration versus peritoneal lavage in appendicitis: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Burini, Gloria
name: Cianci, Maria Chiara
name: Coccetta, Marco
name: Spizzirri, Alessandro
name: Di Saverio, Salomone
name: Coletta, Riccardo
name: Sapienza, Paolo
name: Mingoli, Andrea
name: Cirocchi, Roberto
name: Morabito, Antonino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: SDC baseline.
Towards a User-Centered Visual Analytics Platform for Collaborative Flow Pattern Analysis
Creators: name: Roy, Suryatapa
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Visual Analytics
subject: flow visualization
subject: data analysis
subject: Machine Learning
subject: human-centered
subject: interactive machine learning
subject: Computer Science
subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Electronics and Electrical

description: The analysis of complex spatiotemporal data such as fluid flows is a non-trivial task making knowledge discovery difficult. Conventional flow analysis methods suffer from several shortcomings: (1) a lack of interpretation in terms of physical parameters (e.g. momentum); (2) restrictions on flow conditions; (3) inconsideration of interactive controls for users; (4) disregard for users’ analysis requirements while processing data; (5) a necessity of domain expertise. The objective of this thesis is a feasibility study of a Visual Analytics (VA) platform to overcome these shortcomings. The thesis has thus two Foci: Focus 1 develops novel flow analysis techniques to address the first 3 shortcomings; and Focus 2 introduces an end-to-end automated, user-centered adaptation of data processing workflows to mitigate the remaining 2 shortcomings. Preliminary evaluation and simulation outcomes indicate that both foci together set the foundation for a VA platform where multiple users of varying experience levels can collaboratively analyze flows.
Scale-dependent bias from the primordial non-Gaussianity with a Gaussian-squared field
Creators: name: Yokoyama, Shuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the halo bias in the case where the primordial curvature fluctuations, $Φ$, are sourced from both a Gaussian random field and a Gaussian-squared field, as $Φ({\bf x}) = ϕ({\bf x}) + ψ({\bf x})^2 - $, so-called "ungaussiton model". We employ the peak-background split formula and find a new scale-dependence in the halo bias induced from the Gaussian-squared field.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure, comments are welcome
Integrating a Transaction Manager Component with Process Weaver
Creators: name: Heineman, George T.
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1994
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper details our experience integrating a transaction manager component, called PERN with Process Weaver. Process Weaver‘s Petri-net based approach is excellent for explicitly modeling concurrent activities of cooperating agents, but there is no underlying mechanism for treating conflicting actions of concurrent, independent agents. In addition, there is a need for advanced transaction support if we are to extend petri nets to use object management systems to store and access data. This paper shows several experiments we performed and our resulting implementation.
Japan's Economic Mess
Creators: name: Lincoln, Edward J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Commerce

description: Japan has experienced very slow economic growth, a large bad problem, and an outbreak of economic scandals in the 1990s. This paper analyzes what has gone wrong with Japan, both in terms of macroeconomic performance and financial sector problems. The macroeconomic malaise is the direct result of the excesses of the bubble--especially the collapse of stock market and real estate prices in the 1990s. But the government exacerbated and prolonged the problem by raising taxes substantially in 1997 just as the economy was beginning to show signs of recovery. The financial sector bad debt problems are also an obvious outcome of the collapse in asset prices, but were also an inherent danger in Japan’s bank centered financial center. The paper argues that the financial system, which may have been useful or at least workable, in earlier postwar years, had atrophied, leaving bankers less attentive to evaluation of borrowers. In addition, the system may have always involved a certain amount of corruption which worsened in the 1980s and 1990s. This situation cries out for vigorous and thorough reform, principally through failure of insolvent institutions and imposition of extensive deregulation. However, much of government policy remains very disappointing. The Ministry of Finance continues to permit financial institutions to hide their problems, does not favor more bankruptcies, and is not pressing deregulation with any vigor. The “big bang” financial reforms are a useful move on the surface, but the reality once the entire process is completed will be far less helpful than commonly supposed. Overall, the present problems and the government’s response to them remain quite disappointing.
The critical line of two-flavor QCD at finite isospin or baryon densities from imaginary chemical potentials
Creators: name: Cea, P.
name: Cosmai, L.
name: D'Elia, M.
name: Papa, A.
name: Sanfilippo, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the (pseudo)critical lines of QCD with two degenerate staggered fermions at nonzero temperature and quark or isospin density, in the region of imaginary chemical potentials; analytic continuation is then used to prolongate to the region of real chemical potentials. We obtain an accurate determination of the curvatures at zero chemical potential, quantifying the deviation between the case of finite quark and of finite isospin chemical potential. Deviations from a quadratic dependence of the pseudocritical lines on the chemical potential are clearly seen in both cases: we try different extrapolations and, for the case of nonzero isospin chemical potential, confront them with the results of direct Monte Carlo simulations. Finally we find that, as for the finite quark density case, an imaginary isospin chemical potential can strengthen the transition till turning it into strong first order.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables
The role of dietary lipids in cognitive health: implications for neurodegenerative disease
Creators: name: Hans, Sakshi
name: Karadimou, Alexandra
name: Mulvihill, John
name: Grabrucker, Andreas
name: ZABETAKIS, IOANNIS
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of disorders characterised by progressive loss of brain function. The most common of these is Alzheimer’s disease, a form of dementia. Intake of macro- and micro-nutrients impacts brain function, including memory, learning, mood, and behaviour. Lipids, particularly phospholipids and sphingolipids, are crucial structural components of neural tissues and significantly affect cognitive function. The importance of functional foods in preventing cardiovascular disease is well-documented in the current literature. However, the significance of such foods for central nervous system health and neurodegenerative diseases is less recognized. Gut microbiome composition affects cognitive health and function, and dietary lipids are known to influence gut health. Thus, this review will discuss different sources of dietary lipids and their effect on cognitive functioning and their interaction with the gut microbiome in the context of neurodegenerative disease.
An algebraic construction of twin-like models
Creators: name: Adam, C.
name: Queiruga, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If the generalized dynamics of K field theories (i.e., field theories with a non-standard kinetic term) is taken into account, then the possibility of so-called twin-like models opens up, that is, of different field theories which share the same topological defect solution with the same energy density. These twin-like models were first introduced in Phys. Rev. D 82, 105006 (2010), Ref. [1], where the authors also considered possible cosmological implications and gave a geometric characterization of twin-like models. A further analysis of the twin-like models was accomplished in Phys. Rev. D 84, 045010 (2011), Ref. [2], with the help of the first order formalism, where also the case with gravitational self-interaction was considered. Here we show that by combining the geometric conditions of Ref. [1] with the first order formalism of Ref. [2], one may easily derive a purely algebraic method to explicitly calculate an infinite number of twin field theories for a given theory. We determine this algebraic construction for the cases of scalar field theories, supersymmetric scalar field theories, and self-gravitating scalar fields. Further, we give several examples for each of these cases.
description: Latex, 21 pages, no figures; typos corrected, references added
Additional file 4 of Aspiration versus peritoneal lavage in appendicitis: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Burini, Gloria
name: Cianci, Maria Chiara
name: Coccetta, Marco
name: Spizzirri, Alessandro
name: Di Saverio, Salomone
name: Coletta, Riccardo
name: Sapienza, Paolo
name: Mingoli, Andrea
name: Cirocchi, Roberto
name: Morabito, Antonino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4: SDC 3a: Risk-of-bias graph: review authors' judgments about each risk–of-bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
The Complexity of the Poisson Problem for Spaces of Bounded Mixed Derivatives
Creators: name: Werschulz, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: We are interested in the complexity of the Poisson problem with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on the d-dimensional unit cube Î©. Error is measured in the energy norm, and only standard information (consisting of function evaluations) is available. In previous work on this problem, the standard assumption has been that the class F of problem elements has been the unit ball of a Sobolev space of fixed smoothness r, in which case the ϵ-complexity is proportional to ϵ to -d/r. Given this exponential dependence on d, the problem is intractable for such classes F. In this paper, we seek to overcome this intractability by allowing F to be the unit ball of a space Hp(Î©) of bounded mixed derivatives, with p a fixed multi-index with positive entries. We find that the complexity is proportional to c(d)(1/ϵ) 1/pmin[ln(1/ϵ)] and we give bounds on b = bp,d. Hence, the problem is tractable in 1/ϵ with exponent at most 1/ϵmin. The upper bound on the complexity (which is close to the lower bound) is attained by a modified finite element method (MFEM) using discrete blending spline spaces; we obtain an explicit bound (with no hidden constants) on the cost of using this MFEM to compute ϵ-approximations. Finally, we show that for any positive multi-index p, the Poisson problem is strongly tractable, and that the MFEM using discrete blended piecewise polynomial splines of degree p is a strongly polynomial time algorithm. In particular, for the case p=1, the MFEM using discrete blended piecewise linear splines produces an ϵ-approximation with cost at most 0.839262(c(d)+2)(1/ϵ)to 5.07911.
Coherent States for the Non-Linear Harmonic Oscillator
Creators: name: Ghosh, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave packets for the Quantum Non-Linear Oscillator are considered in the Generalized Coherent State framerwork. To first order in the non-linearity parameter the Coherent State behaves very similarly to its classical counterpart. The position expectation value oscillates in a simple harmonic manner. The energy-momentum uncertainty relation is time independent as in a harmonic oscillator. Various features, (such as the Squeezed State nature), of the Coherent State have been discussed.
Gender roles and technological progress
Creators: name: Albanesi, Stefania
name: Olivetti, Claudia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Labor economics
Women's studies

description: Until the early decades of the 20th century, women spent more than 60% of their prime-age years either pregnant or nursing. Since then, the introduction of infant formula reduced women's comparative advantage in infant care, by providing an effective breast milk substitute. In addition, improved medical knowledge and obstetric practices reduced the time cost associated with women's reproductive role. We explore the hypothesis that these developments enabled married women to increase their participation in the labor force, thus providing the incentive to invest in market skills, which in turn reduced their earnings differential with respect to men. We document these changes and develop a quantitative model that aims to capture their impact. Our results suggest that progress in medical technologies related to motherhood was essential to generate a significant rise in the participation of married women between 1920 and 1950, in particular those with young children.
Inward FDI in Argentina and its policy context, 2011
Creators: name: Caballero, Alicia Inés
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Finance
Commerce

description: Inward foreign direct investment (IFDI) flows to Argentina recorded a substantial increase in the 1990s, when Argentina was one of the main destinations for FDI inflows among emerging markets. Affiliates of multinational enterprises (MNEs) had then major presence in the Argentine economy. After the country's economic crisis that began in 1999 and the subsequent devaluation of the Argentine peso in January 2002, there has been an increasing but fluctuating trend in IFDI flows, affected by changing policies. The recent global crisis of 2008-2009 caused a 50% drop in IFDI flows, followed by a partial recovery in 2010. The variety of resources available — crops, livestock, minerals — constitute an attraction for FDI in Argentina, which could be enhanced with a better investment climate.
Neutrinos with velocities greater than c ?
Creators: name: Schechter, Joseph
name: Shahid, M. Naeem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A possible explanation of the results of the OPERA experiment is presented. Assuming that the usual value of c should be interpreted as the velocity of light in dark matter, we call the "true" velocity of light in vacuum, $c_t$. Then the OPERA neutrinos can be faster than c but slower than $c_t$. We also discuss the relationship between $c_t$ and neutrino masses.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, additional references added
Thinking About World Order: America, Japan and Germany in the 1990's
Creators: name: Garten, Jeffrey E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: Economics
International relations

description: It's a pleasure to be here this evening to participate in your "Distinguished Business Leaders" lecture series. Professor Hugh Patrick has been threatening to invite me here for the last five years, and I have been threatening to accept. When he called me a few weeks ago he suggested that I talk about the book I have just written -- "A Cold Peace: America, Japan, Germany and the Struggle for Supremacy" (to be published in June by Times Books/Random House). A day later he sent me a letter asking if I'd like to speak about the global mergers and acquisitions markets. Taken together, these are two very important and topical issues for me, the book having served as an opportunity to think through some of the major challenges facing this country, the M&A business being at the center of my professional life. In many ways the two subjects have similar underpinnings, too, especially with respect to the rapid and deep seated political, economic and industrial changes occurring in the world. What I thought I'd do tonight is to talk a bit about America, Japan and Germany by way of introduction, and then, in discussion with you, focus more on the business scene.
Distress migration: A manufactured dystopia during COVID-19 and lockdown in India
Creators: name: Abbas, Shirin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Labour, migration and development
Migration

description: The movement of daily wage earners and labourers has been cited in most research texts and studies as a “reverse migration” at best, or still worse, likened to the annual circular or seasonal migration seen in India. This study debunks all such theories and seeks to establish the same as distress migration caused as a result of the sudden lockdown imposed by the Indian government and the mishandling of the situation by the administration. This study is a systematic review that has researched existing studies on migration during the pandemic. Using content from news reports and selected studies it exposes the conditions before, during and after the lockdown and the mishandling of the situation on part of the administration that resulted in the massive migrant exodus. This distress migration was affected in response to the manufactured dystopia created by the sudden lockdown and other conditions during the first wave of COVID-19. It also cites data and facts to support the same. According to data estimates, in the quarter prior to the lockdown, 182 million individuals either had employment or were looking for work, and during the lockdown, 7 million people left the labour force. The study establishes that it was indeed distress migration, and not circular or reverse migration, stoked by wrong decisions of a sudden lockdown and manufactured dystopia which resulted in thousands of migrants walking back to their homes for want of any conveyance. Laws that could have been invoked to manage the situation are either defunct or were ignored. While establishing the conditions that led to this distress migration through a systematic review of several studies and also factual content drawn from news report and analysis curated from the period, the study concludes by creating a framework for the future, and suggesting policy measures such as the need for a National Draft Policy on migration, Annual Migrant Survey and a pa-India Migrant Smart Card to keep track of the movement of migrants from one state to another.
Household Production, the Bundling of Services and Degradation, and Non-monotonic Environmental Engel Curves
Creators: name: Chaudhuri, Shubham
name: Talikoff, Alexander Strickland Pfaff
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1999
Subjects: Economics

description: In this paper, we step back from the literature on "environmental Kuznets curves" (inverted-U relationships at the aggregate level between various indicators of environmental degradation and per-capita income) to consider one possible component of such relationships, i.e. the link between household income and household choices that impact upon the environment. Our approach is distinguished by explicit modeling of a household -level mechanism linking income to changes in environmental quality. Two facts are emphasized: (1) a household can not directly purchase environmental quality; and (2) a household starts with a positive endowment of environmental quality, which is degraded through consumption. We propose a household production model, in which households purchase marketed commodities that bundle a "good", non-environmental services, with a "bad" environmental degradation. We show that even if the environment is a normal good, household substitution towards less environmentally degrading marketed commodities, combined with natural constraints on the household's shifts between household income and environmental quality, i.e. a non-monotonic environmental Engel curve.
What Is the Complexity of Solution-Restricted Operator Equations?
Creators: name: Werschulz, Arthur G.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Computer science

description: We study the worst case complexity of operator equations Lu = f , where L : G → X is a bounded linear injection, G is a Hilbert space, and X is a normed linear space. Past work on the complexity of such problems has generally assumed that the class F of problem elements f to be the unit ball of X. However, there are many problems for which this choice of F yields unsatisfactory results. Mixed elliptic-hyperbolic problems are one example, the difficulty being that our technical tools are not strong enough to give good complexity bounds. Ill-posed problems are another example, because we know that the complexity of computing finite-error approximations is infinite if F is a ball in X. In this paper, we pursue another idea. Rather than directly restrict the class F of problem elements f, we will consider problems that are solution-restricted, i.e., we restrict the class U of solution elements u. In particular, we assume that U is the unit ball of a Hilbert space W continuously embedded in G. The main idea is that our problem can be reduced to the standard approximation problem of approximating the embedding of W into G. This allows us to characterize optimal information and algorithms for our problem. Then, we consider specific applications. The first application we consider is any problem for which G and W are standard Sobolev Hilbert spaces we call this the standard problem, since it includes many problems of practical interest. We show that finite element information and generalized Galerkin methods are nearly optimal for standard problems. We then look at elliptic boundary-value problems, Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, the Tricomi problem (a mixed hyperbolic-elliptic problem arising in the study of transonic flow), the inverse finite Laplace transform, and the backwards heat equation. (Note that with the exception of the backwards heat equation, all of these are standard problems. Moreover, the inverse finite Laplace transform and the backwards heat equation are ill-posed problems.) We determine the problem complexity and derive nearly optimal algorithms for all these problems.
Additional file 5 of Aspiration versus peritoneal lavage in appendicitis: a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Burini, Gloria
name: Cianci, Maria Chiara
name: Coccetta, Marco
name: Spizzirri, Alessandro
name: Di Saverio, Salomone
name: Coletta, Riccardo
name: Sapienza, Paolo
name: Mingoli, Andrea
name: Cirocchi, Roberto
name: Morabito, Antonino
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5: SDC 3b: Risk-of-bias summary: review authors' judgments about each risk-of-bias item for includedstudies.
PROLOG on the DADO Machine: A Parallel System For High-Speed Logic Programming
Creators: name: Taylor, Stephen
name: Maio, Christopher
name: Stolfo, Salvatore
name: Shaw, David Elliot
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1983
Subjects: Computer science

description: DADO is a highly-parallel. VLSI-baaed, tree-structured machine designed to provide significant performance improvements in the execution or large production system programs. In this paper, we describe current research aimed at implementing PROLOG within the parallel framework which DADO provides. The implementation allows parallel satisfaction of both disjunctions and conjunctions which occur in the goal tree generated during the execution or a PROLOG program. Local unification routines in each processor allow parallel satisfaction or disjunctive goals while a parallel relational join operation provides a framework to solve conjunctive subgoals. An overview of the technique currently being implemented and their relationship to the architecture is presented.