cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC nanoparticles reinforced 7075 aluminium alloy fabricated by oscillating laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing
Creators: name: Li, Bingchen
name: Chen, Xi
name: Jiang, Meng
name: Ma, Shengchong
name: Wang, Zhiyuan
name: Lei, Zhenglong
name: Chen, Yanbin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: In this work, TiC nanoparticles (TiCps) reinforced 7075 aluminium alloy was fabricated via an oscillating laser-arc hybrid additive manufacturing process. To show the beneficial effect of TiCps addition on microstructure and mechanical properties, a conventional 7075 aluminium alloy was also manufactured for comparison. Upon the addition of TiCps, remarkable grain refinement was achieved with a decrease in average grain size from 111.8 to 12.5 µm, and grain boundary segregation was alleviated. It was also found that many secondary phases precipitated at the grain interior in the deposit with TiCps. Owing to the refined microstructure and favourable precipitation, as-deposited 7075 aluminium alloy with TiCps showed enhanced tensile properties of ultimate tensile strengths of 346 and 355 MPa along scanning and build directions.
Progress in lattice algorithms
Creators: name: Peardon, Mike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of Monte Carlo algorithms for generating gauge field configurations with dynamical fermions and methods for extracting the most information from ensembles are summarised.
description: Lattice2001(plenary) 9 pages, 4 figures. Uses espcrc2.sty
The swimming of a deforming helix
Creators: name: Koens, Lyndon
name: Zhang, Hang
name: Moeller, Martin
name: Mourran, Ahmed
name: Lauga, Eric
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2018
Subjects: Regular Article
Flowing Matter, Problems and Applications
Topical issue: Flowing Matter, Problems and Applications

description: Abstract.: Many microorganisms and artificial microswimmers use helical appendages in order to generate locomotion. Though often rotated so as to produce thrust, some species of bacteria such Spiroplasma, Rhodobacter sphaeroides and Spirochetes induce movement by deforming a helical-shaped body. Recently, artificial devices have been created which also generate motion by deforming their helical body in a non-reciprocal way (A. Mourran et al. Adv. Mater. 29, 1604825, 2017). Inspired by these systems, we investigate the transport of a deforming helix within a viscous fluid. Specifically, we consider a swimmer that maintains a helical centreline and a single handedness while changing its helix radius, pitch and wavelength uniformly across the body. We first discuss how a deforming helix can create a non-reciprocal translational and rotational swimming stroke and identify its principle direction of motion. We then determine the leading-order physics for helices with small helix radius before considering the general behaviour for different configuration parameters and how these swimmers can be optimised. Finally, we explore how the presence of walls, gravity, and defects in the centreline allow the helical device to break symmetries, increase its speed, and generate transport in directions not available to helices in bulk fluids. Graphical abstract:
Impact of innovation platforms on marketing relationships: The case of Volta Basin integrated crop-livestock value chains in Ghana
Creators: name: Mariami, Zewdie Adane
name: Cadilhon, Jean-Joseph
name: Werthmann, Christine
name: Mariami, Zewdie Adane
name: Cadilhon, Jean-Joseph
name: Werthmann, Christine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Africa
subject: innovation systems
subject: knowledge and information
subject: markets
subject: value chains

description: Scientific and agricultural development approaches to improve the livelihoods of smallholder agriculturalists in developing countries are shifting from “linear transfer of technology models” towards “systems thinking”. One manifestation of this shift is the recognition of agricultural innovations as multidimensional and co-evolutionary processes that integrate technological, organisational, socio-economic and institutional innovations. This paper attempts to test a new conceptual framework for evaluating innovation platforms for agrifood value chains. The framework is based on the structure-conduct-performance hypothesis of industrial organisation, in combination with concepts of new institutional economics and marketing relationships. Data to test the framework was collected from two innovation platforms in the Volta2 Project in Ghana. Both the qualitative and quantitative data collected validate a possible link between the structure of the platforms, the conduct of their members and the resulting market performance through reducing the transaction costs of search and information.
Additional file 1 of The relationship between biochemical recurrence and number of lymph nodes removed during surgery for localized prostate cancer
Creators: name: Doan, Paul
name: Katelaris, Athos
name: Scheltema, Matthijs J.
name: Hayen, Andrew
name: Amin, Amer
name: Siriwardana, Amila
name: Tran, Minh
name: Geboers, Bart
name: Gondoputro, William
name: Haynes, Anne Maree
name: Matthews, Jayne
name: Delprado, Warick
name: Stricker, Phillip D.
name: Thompson, James
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Human Imprints of Real Time: from Semantics to Metaphysics
Creators: name: Jaszczolt, K. M.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Metaphysical time
Real time
Human concept of time
Time in language
Temporal reference
Reductionism
Modal reduction
Default Semantics
Tenseless languages

description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: Investigation into the reality of time can be pursued within the ontological domain or it can also span human thought and natural language. I propose to approach time by correlating three domains of inquiry: metaphysical time (M), the human concept of time (E), and temporal reference in natural language (L), entertaining the possibility of what I call a ‘horizontal reduction’ (L > E > M) and ‘vertical reduction’. I present a view of temporalityL/E as epistemic modality, drawing on evidence from the L domain and its correlates in the E and M domains. On this view, the human concept of time is a complex, ‘molecular’ concept and can be broken down into primitive concepts that are modal in nature, featuring as degrees of epistemic commitment to representations of states of affairs. I present evidence from tensed and tenseless languages (endorsing the L > E path) and point out its compatibility with the view of real time as metaphysical modality (endorsing the E > M path).
Mixed-parity superconductivity near Lifshitz transitions in strongly spin-orbit-coupled metals
Creators: name: Trott, Matthew J.
name: Hooley, Chris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a strongly spin-orbit-coupled metal, one of whose Fermi surfaces is close to a Lifshitz (topological) transition. Via a renormalization group analysis of the square-lattice Hubbard model with strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling, we show that such a metal is generically unstable to the formation of mixed-parity superconductivity with a helical triplet component.
description: 5+2 pages, 4+1 figures
On the forward-backward charge asymmetry in e+e- -annihilation into hadrons at high energies
Creators: name: Ermolaev, B. I.
name: Greco, M.
name: Troyan, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The forward-backward asymmetry in e+ e- annihilation into a quark-antiquark pair is considered in the double-logarithmic approximation at energies much higher than the masses of the weak bosons. It is shown that after accounting to all orders for the exchange of virtual photons and W, Z -bosons one is lead to the following effect (asymmetry): quarks with positive electric charge (e.g. u, \bar{d}) tend to move in the e+ - direction whereas quarks with negative charges (e.g. d, \bar{u}) tend to move in the e- - direction. The value of the asymmetry grows with increasing energy when the produced quarks are within a cone with opening angle, in the cmf, θ_0\sim 2M_Z/\sqrt{s} around the e+e- -beam. Outside this cone, at θ_0 << θ<< 1, the asymmetry is inversely proportional to θ.
description: 17 Pages, 2 Tables, 4 Figures. Hadronization effects to the asymmetry are considered with more details
The Contribution of Judo to the Development of Key Cognitive Skills Needed in Contemporary Society (The Arts and Sciences of Judo, Volume 1, No 1, 2021)
Creators: name: Gabriel, Caio
name: Amaral, Patrícia
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170114 Sport and Exercise Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Judo was created as a tool for people to develop their minds and bodies in order to achieve what they believe to be success, contributing to society and adapting to their time. Kano empirically noted that several cognitive skills that are fundamental to succeeding in life could be acquired through the practice of judo. In neuroscience, the set of these cognitive skills is called executive functions. The purpose of this research note is to correlate current neuroscientific studies with Jigoro Kano’s empirical findings about the benefits of judo practice for the development of mentalskills essential for success in contemporary society. Approaches to the development of executive functions have been the subject of scientific studies in various areas, including their relationship with physical activity. Studies report that the development of executive functions through physical activity is dependent on the type of physical activity performed. The most effective physical activity for the development of executive functions are those that involves complex movements with cognitive demands. Researchers found that martial arts that involves both mind and body and requires a high level of cortical recruitment may be considered a mediator of executive functions, since this training may result in an increased cerebral blood flow to the areas of the brain responsible for executive function. Judo is a method of perfecting the human being, including improving mental skills. Studies have shown that martial arts such as judo, that emphasizes self-control, discipline and character development, are means for develop executive functions.
Economic evaluation of integrated management of fruit fly in mango production in Embu County, Kenya
Creators: name: Kibira, M
name: Affognon, H
name: Njehia, B
name: Muriithi, B
name: Mohamed, S
name: Ekesi, S
name: Kibira, M
name: Affognon, H
name: Njehia, B
name: Muriithi, B
name: Mohamed, S
name: Ekesi, S
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: IPM
subject: mango
subject: economic impact assessment
subject: difference-in-difference
subject: Kenya

description: This paper evaluated the economic benefits of managing mango-infesting fruit flies in Embu County, Kenya using an integrated pest management (IPM) package composed of male annihilation technique (MAT), protein bait spray, releases of exotic parasitoid Fopius arisanus and the use of augmentorium. The difference-in-difference (DiD) method was used to assess the impact of the mango IPM on the magnitude of mango rejection and insecticide expenditure and net income. The study revealed that,on average, mango IPM participants had an approximately 54.5% reduction in the magnitude of mango rejection; spent 46.3% less on insecticide per acre and received approximately 22.4% more net income than the non-participants. This implies a high economic benefit from the application of the fruit fly IPM technology, and mango farmers would profit significantly if the intervention was expanded to provide wide coverage of other mango-growing areas in Kenya.
Smallpox in the Post-Eradication Era
Creators: name: Meyer
name: Ehmann
name: Smith
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: smallpox
variola virus
vaccination
antiviral
eradication

description: Widespread vaccination programmes led to the global eradication of smallpox, which was certified by the World Health Organisation (WHO), and, since 1978, there has been no case of smallpox anywhere in the world. However, the viable variola virus (VARV), the causative agent of smallpox, is still kept in two maximum security laboratories in Russia and the USA. Despite the eradication of the disease smallpox, clandestine stocks of VARV may exist. In a rapidly changing world, the impact of an intentional VARV release in the human population would nowadays result in a public health emergency of global concern: vaccination programmes were abolished, the percentage of immunosuppressed individuals in the human population is higher, and an increased intercontinental air travel allows for the rapid viral spread of diseases around the world. The WHO has authorised the temporary retention of VARV to enable essential research for public health benefit to take place. This work aims to develop diagnostic tests, antiviral drugs, and safer vaccines. Advances in synthetic biology have made it possible to produce infectious poxvirus particles from chemicals in vitro so that it is now possible to reconstruct VARV. The status of smallpox in the post-eradication era is reviewed.
The History of Us
Creators: name: Kaylor, Marley
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 3602
subject: Creative and professional writing

description: "The History of Us" is an original, creative work of nonfiction. The work is seven chapters that explore the relationships I have been involved in throughout my life. Five of the chapters investigate my relationship with friends and family members and how they evolved and in some cases, ended. The other two chapters deal with my relationship to the places that have defined who I am today; the different houses I've lived in and the swimming pools I've trained and competed in. The writing of this piece was sometimes difficult, but ultimately cathartic. I learned about myself: how I have changed through different periods in my life and how the different relationships in my life have made me, me.
Caliscelis chinensis Melichar
Creators: name: Che, YL
name: Wang, YL
name: Zhang, YL
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Caliscelidae
Caliscelis
Caliscelis chinensis

description: Caliscelis chinensis Melichar
Figs 21–23, 64–69
 Caliscelis chinensis Melichar, 1906: 16.
 Description. Length, female: 7.8 mm, length of tegmen: 2.6 mm
Body dark brown, with brown maculae (Fig. 21). Vertex pale brown. Eyes dark brown. Frons and clypeus dark brown (Fig. 22). Rostrum pale brown. Pronotum and mesoscutellum dark brown, with disc brown (Fig. 21). Tegmina brown. Legs brown, with dark brown spots (Fig. 21). Abdomen dark brown, with dark brown spots (Figs 21, 23).
Vertex nearly subquadrilateral, anterior margin somewhat convex and posterior margin nearly truncate, 3.4× wider at apex than length in middle line (Fig. 21). Frons finely granulose and not elevated, anterior margin concave, midlength 1.3× longer than greatest width, 1.2× wider at widest part than at base (Fig. 22). Frontoclypeal suture nearly straight. Clypeus smooth, with disc distinctly elevated (Fig. 22). Pronotum wide, medial carina present. Mesoscutellum broad and short, with median and lateral carinae, disc evidently elevated, 2.2× wider at widest part than medial length (Fig. 21). Tegmina short and subquadrilateral, 1.3× longer than widest part, with pits on disc (Fig. 21). Fore femora and tibiae foliately dilated (Fig. 64); hind tibiae with lateral tooth near apex. Spinal formula of hind leg 7–2–2.
 Female genitalia: Anal segment in dorsal view subquadrilateral, apical margin evidently convex with angles obtuse and rounded, distinctly wider at middle than widest part, anal foramen near middle (Fig. 65). In lateral view, anal segment relatively wide, latero-apical angles rounded, ventral margin nearly straight. Ovipositor with first valvulae broad and curved dorsally, with three finger-like processes, first valvifer nearly oval (Fig. 66); second valvulae with two laminae in apical half united in basal half, lamina with row of teeth (about 13) on dorsal margin, proximally, valvulae with pair of short but robust processes dorsally (Figs 67–68); third valvulae flat and stout, nearly rectangular, dorsal part with narrow notch (Fig. 69). Pregenital sternite with apical margin nearly straight.
 Material examined. 1♀, China, Guangxi, Jinxiu, Liuxiang, Shangzuochen, 30 Oct. 1981, collector unknown (NWAFU); 1♀, Anhui, Huo Mountain, Foziling, 200 m, 22 Sept. 1964, coll. G. T. Jin. (SHEM).
 Distribution. China (Guangxi, Anhui), Russia.
 Remarks. Caliscelis chinensis was erected based only on female specimens. We base the current species redescription of specimens available to us on the original description and distribution.
description: Published as part of Che, YL, Wang, YL & Zhang, YL, 2011, Two new species and one new record of the genus Caliscelis de Laporte (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Caliscelidae) from China, pp. 35-48 in Zootaxa 3067 on page 47
Neural Logic Rule Layers
Creators: name: Reimann, Jan Niclas
name: Schwung, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite their great success in recent years, deep neural networks (DNN) are mainly black boxes where the results obtained by running through the network are difficult to understand and interpret. Compared to e.g. decision trees or bayesian classifiers, DNN suffer from bad interpretability where we understand by interpretability, that a human can easily derive the relations modeled by the network. A reasonable way to provide interpretability for humans are logical rules. In this paper we propose neural logic rule layers (NLRL) which are able to represent arbitrary logic rules in terms of their conjunctive and disjunctive normal forms. Using various NLRL within one layer and correspondingly stacking various layers, we are able to represent arbitrary complex rules by the resulting neural network architecture. The NLRL are end-to-end trainable allowing to learn logic rules directly from available data sets. Experiments show that NLRL-enhanced neural networks can learn to model arbitrary complex logic and perform arithmetic operation over the input values.
Superconducting Diamagnetic Fluctuations in MgB2
Creators: name: Lascialfari, A.
name: Mishonov, T.
name: Rigamonti, A.
name: Tedesco, P.
name: Varlamov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fluctuating diamagnetic magnetization Mfl at constant field H as a function of temperature and the isothermal magnetization Mfl vs H are measured in MgB2, above the superconducting transition temperature. The expressions for Mfl in randomly oriented powders are derived in the Gaussian approximation of local Ginzburg-Landau theory and used for the analysis of the data. The scaled magnetization Mfl/H^{1/2}*T is found to be field dependent. In the limit of evanescent field the behaviour for Gaussian fluctuations is obeyed while for H>~ 100 Oe the field tends to suppress the fluctuating pairs, with a field dependence of Mfl close to the one expected when short wavelength fluctuations and non-local electrodynamic effects are taken into account. Our data, besides providing the isothermal magnetization curves for T>Tc(0) in a BCS-type superconductor such as MgB2, evidence an enhancement of the fluctuating diamagnetism which is related to the occurrence in this new superconductor of an anisotropic spectrum of the superconducting fluctuations.
description: Tex file, 4 pages, 3 ps figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
The Contribution of Judo to the Development of Key Cognitive Skills Needed in Contemporary Society (The Arts and Sciences of Judo, Volume 1, No 1, 2021)
Creators: name: Amaral, Patrícia
name: Gabriel, Caio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170114 Sport and Exercise Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Judo was created as a tool for people to develop their minds and bodies in order to achieve what they believe to be success, contributing to society and adapting to their time. Kano empirically noted that several cognitive skills that are fundamental to succeeding in life could be acquired through the practice of judo. In neuroscience, the set of these cognitive skills is called executive functions. The purpose of this research note is to correlate current neuroscientific studies with Jigoro Kano’s empirical findings about the benefits of judo practice for the development of mental skills essential for success in contemporary society. Approaches to the development of executive functions have been the subject of scientific studies in various areas, including their relationship with physical activity. Studies report that the development of executive functions through physical activity is dependent on the type of physical activity performed. The most effective physical activity for the development of executive functions are those that involves complex movements with cognitive demands. Researchers found that martial arts that involves both mind and body and requires a high level of cortical recruitment may be considered a mediator of executive functions, since this training may result in an increased cerebral blood flow to the areas of the brain responsible for executive function. Judo is a method of perfecting the human being, including improving mental skills. Studies have shown that martial arts such as judo, that emphasizes self-control, discipline and character development, are means for develop executive functions.
Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands
Creators: name: Nordblom, Thomas L.
name: Finlayson, John D.
name: Hume, Iain H.
name: Nordblom, Thomas L.
name: Finlayson, John D.
name: Hume, Iain H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: catchment
subject: demand
subject: downstream externality
subject: entitlement
subject: environmental services
subject: evapotranspiration
subject: forest
subject: interception
subject: irrigation
subject: market
subject: Murray-Darling Basin
subject: supply
subject: urban water
subject: watershed
subject: wetlands.

description: Large-scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub-catchment of Australia’s Murray-Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m3), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.
Saliva Samples as A Tool to Study the Effect of Meal Timing on Metabolic And Inflammatory Biomarkers
Creators: name: Kessler
name: Hornemann
name: Rudovich
name: Weber
name: Grune
name: Kramer
name: Pfeiffer
name: Pivovarova-Ramich
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: meal timing
saliva
circadian clock
adiponectin
resistin
visfatin
insulin
melatonin
cortisol
cytokines

description: : Meal timing affects metabolic regulation in humans. Most studies use blood samples for their investigations. Saliva, although easily available and non-invasive, seems to be rarely used for chrononutritional studies. In this pilot study, we tested if saliva samples could be used to study the effect of timing of carbohydrate and fat intake on metabolic rhythms. In this cross-over trial, 29 nonobese men were randomized to two isocaloric 4-week diets: (1) carbohydrate-rich meals until 13:30 and high-fat meals between 16:30 and 22:00 or (2) the inverse order of meals. Stimulated saliva samples were collected every 4 h for 24 h at the end of each intervention, and levels of hormones and inflammatory biomarkers were assessed in saliva and blood. Cortisol, melatonin, resistin, adiponectin, interleukin-6 and MCP-1 demonstrated distinct diurnal variations, mirroring daytime reports in blood and showing significant correlations with blood levels. The rhythm patterns were similar for both diets, indicating that timing of carbohydrate and fat intake has a minimal effect on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in saliva. Our study revealed that saliva is a promising tool for the non-invasive assessment of metabolic rhythms in chrononutritional studies, but standardisation of sample collection is needed in out-of-lab studies.
Free and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines: The UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (2014/15–2015/16)
Creators: name: Amoutzopoulos, Birdem
name: Steer, Toni
name: Roberts, Caireen
name: Collins, David
name: Page, Polly
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: sugars
added sugars
free sugars
nutrition survey
UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey
dietary recommendations
public health
children
teenagers
adults

description: Monitoring dietary intake of sugars in the population’s diet has great importance in evaluating the efficiency of national sugar reduction programmes. The study objective was to provide a comprehensive assessment of dietary sources of added and free sugars to assess adherence to public health recommendations in the UK population and to consider the impact of different sugar definitions on monitoring. The terms “added sugar” and “free sugar” are different sugar definitions which include different sugar components and may result in different sugar intakes depending on the definition. Dietary intake of added sugars, free sugars and seven individual sugar components (sugar from table sugar; other sugars; honey; fruit juice; fruit puree; dried fruit; and stewed fruit) of 2138 males and females (1.5−64 years) from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) 2014−2016, collected using a 4 day estimated food diary, were studied. Added and free sugar intake accounted for 7% to 13% of total energy intake respectively. Major sources of free sugar intake were “cereals and cereal products”, “non-alcoholic beverages”, and “sugars, preserves, confectionery”. Differences between added and free sugar intake were significantly large, and thus use of free sugar versus added sugar definitions need careful consideration for standardised monitoring of sugar intake in relation to public health.
The combinatorics of splittability
Creators: name: Tsaban, Boaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03E05, 54D20, 54D80

description: Marion Scheepers, in his studies of the combinatorics of open covers, introduced the property Split(U,V) asserting that a cover of type U can be split into two covers of type V. In the first part of this paper we give an almost complete classification of all properties of this form where U and V are significant families of covers which appear in the literature (namely, large covers, omega-covers, tau-covers, and gamma-covers), using combinatorial characterizations of these properties in terms related to ultrafilters on N. In the second part of the paper we consider the questions whether, given U and V, the property Split(U,V) is preserved under taking finite unions, arbitrary subsets, powers or products. Several interesting problems remain open.
description: Small updates
Progression of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms over Time in an Incident Parkinson’s Disease Cohort (ICICLE-PD)
Creators: name: Dlay, J. K.
name: Duncan, G. W.
name: Khoo, T. K.
name: Williams-Gray, C. H.
name: Breen, D. P.
name: Barker, R. A.
name: Burn, D. J.
name: Lawson, R. A.
name: Yarnall, A. J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: neuropsychiatric symptoms
Parkinson’s disease
quality of life
non-motor

description: Background: Cross-sectional studies have identified that the prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) ranges from 70−89%. However, there are few longitudinal studies determining the impact of NPS on quality of life (QoL) in PD patients and their caregivers. We seek to determine the progression of NPS in early PD. Methods: Newly diagnosed idiopathic PD cases (n = 212) and age-matched controls (n = 99) were recruited into a longitudinal study. NPS were assessed using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory with Caregiver Distress scale (NPI-D). Further neuropsychological and clinical assessments were completed by participants, with reassessment at 18 and 36 months. Linear mixed-effects modelling determined factors associated with NPI-D and QoL over 36 months. Results: Depression, anxiety, apathy and hallucinations were more frequent in PD than controls at all time points (p 0.05). Higher motor severity at baseline was associated with worsening NPI-D scores over time (β = 0.1, p 0.05), but not cognition. A higher NPI total score was associated with poorer QoL at any time point (β = 0.3, p 0.001), but not changed in QoL scores. Conclusion: NPS are significantly associated with poorer QoL, even in early PD. Screening for NPS from diagnosis may allow efficient delivery of better support and treatment to patients and their families.
Feasibility of cmOCT angiographic technique using 200 kHz VCSEL source for in vivo microcirculation imaging applications
Creators: name: Lal, Cerine
name: Subhash, Hrebesh M
name: Alexandrov, Sergey
name: Leahy, Martin J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography is a well-established in vivo imaging technique to assess the overall vascular morphology of tissues and is an emerging field of research for the assessment of blood flow dynamics and functional parameters such as oxygen saturation. In this study, we present a modified scanning based correlation mapping OCT (cmOCT) using a 200 kHz high speed swept source OCT system operating at 1300 nm and demonstrate its wide field imaging capability in ocular angiographic studies.
Agricultural commodities pricing model applied to the Brazilian sugar market
Creators: name: Pereira, Leonel M.
name: Ribeiro, Celma De Oliveira
name: Securato, Jose R.
name: Pereira, Leonel M.
name: Ribeiro, Celma De Oliveira
name: Securato, Jose R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: biofuels
subject: commodity
subject: ethanol
subject: pricing
subject: sugar.

description: This article suggests a pricing model for commodities used to produce biofuel. The model is based on the concept that the deterministic component of the Wiener process is not constant and depends on time and exogenous variables. The model, which incorporates theory of storage, the convenience yield and the seasonality of harvests, was applied in the Brazilian sugar market. After predictions were made with the Kalman filter, the model produced results that were statistically more accurate than those returned by the two-factor model available in the literature.
Generalized Parton Distributions and Distribution of Partons in the Transverse Plane
Creators: name: Burkardt, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I discuss the physical interpretation of GPDs in the limit $ξ=0$, where the $t$ dependence contains information about the distribution of partons in the transverse plane. GPDs thus allow a simultaneous determination of the longitudinal momentum and transverse position of partons in the infinite momentum frame, which also provides a physical interpretation for Ji's angular momentum sum rule.
description: invited talk at `Workshop on Lepton Scattering, Hadrons and QCD', Adelaide, March 26 - April 6, 2001, 8 pages, sprocl.sty
Using Group Model Building to Describe the System Driving Unhealthy Eating and Identify Intervention Points: A Participatory, Stakeholder Engagement Approach in the Caribbean
Creators: name: Guariguata
name: Rouwette
name: , Murphy
name: Saint Ville
name: Dunn
name: Hickey
name: , Jones
name: Samuels
name: Unwin
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: NCDs
unhealthy diet
Caribbean
small islands
food sovereignty
systems science
group model building
agricultural development

description: Many Small Island Developing States of the Caribbean experience a triple burden of malnutrition with high rates of obesity, undernutrition in children, and iron deficiency anemia in women of reproductive age, driven by an inadequate, unhealthy diet. This study aimed to map the complex dynamic systems driving unhealthy eating and to identify potential points for intervention in three dissimilar countries. Stakeholders from across the food system in Jamaica (n = 16), St. Kitts and Nevis (n = 19), and St. Vincent and the Grenadines (n = 6) engaged with researchers in two group model building (GMB) workshops in 2018. Participants described and mapped the system driving unhealthy eating, identified points of intervention, and created a prioritized list of intervention strategies. Stakeholders were also interviewed before and after the workshops to provide their perspectives on the utility of this approach. Stakeholders described similar underlying systems driving unhealthy eating across the three countries, with a series of dominant feedback loops identified at multiple levels. Participants emphasized the importance of the relative availability and price of unhealthy foods, shifting cultural norms on eating, and aggressive advertising from the food industry as dominant drivers. They saw opportunities for governments to better regulate advertising, disincentivize unhealthy food options, and bolster the local agricultural sector to promote food sovereignty. They also identified the need for better coordinated policy making across multiple sectors at national and regional levels to deliver more integrated approaches to improving nutrition. GMB proved to be an effective tool for engaging a highly diverse group of stakeholders in better collective understanding of a complex problem and potential interventions.
Novel fat-link fermion actions
Creators: name: Zanotti, J. M.
name: Bilson-Thompson, S.
name: Bonnet, F. D. R.
name: Coddington, P. D.
name: Leinweber, D. B.
name: Williams, A. G.
name: Zhang, J. B.
name: Melnitchouk, W.
name: Lee, F. X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hadron mass spectrum is calculated in lattice QCD using a novel fat-link clover fermion action in which only the irrelevant operators of the fermion action are constructed using smeared links. The simulations are performed on a 16^3 X 32 lattice with a lattice spacing of a=0.125 fm. We compare actions with n=4 and 12 smearing sweeps with a smearing fraction of 0.7. The n=4 Fat Link Irrelevant Clover (FLIC) action provides scaling which is superior to mean-field improvement, and offers advantages over nonperturbative O(a) improvement.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, talk given by J.Zanotti at LHP 2001 workshop, Cairns, Australia
Compensatory effects of M. tuberculosis rpoB mutations outside the rifampicin resistance-determining region
Creators: name: Ma, Pengjiao
name: Luo, Tao
name: Ge, Liang
name: Chen, Zonghai
name: Wang, Xinyan
name: Zhao, Rongchuan
name: Liao, Wei
name: Bao, Lang
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been observed to develop resistance to the frontline anti-tuberculosis drug rifampicin, primarily through mutations in the rifampicin resistance-determining region (RRDR) of rpoB. While these mutations have been determined to confer a fitness cost, compensatory mutations in rpoA and rpoC that may enhance the fitness of resistant strains have been demonstrated. Recent genomic studies identified several rpoB non-RRDR mutations that co-occurred with RRDR mutations in clinical isolates without rpoA/rpoC mutations and may confer fitness compensation. In this study, we identified 33 evolutionarily convergent rpoB non-RRDR mutations through phylogenomic analysis of public genomic data for clinical M. tuberculosis isolates. We found that none of these mutations, except V170F and I491F, can cause rifampin resistance in Mycolicibacterium smegmatis. The compensatory effects of five representative mutations across rpoB were evaluated by an in vitro competition assay, through which we observed that each of these mutations can significantly improve the relative fitness of the initial S450L mutant (0.97-1.08 vs 0.87). Furthermore, we observed that the decreased RNAP transcription efficiency introduced by S450L was significantly alleviated by each of the five mutations. Structural analysis indicated that the fitness compensation observed for the non-RRDR mutations might be achieved by modification of the RpoB active center or by changes in interactions between RNAP subunits. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting that compensatory effects are exerted by several rpoB non-RRDR mutations, which could be utilized as additional molecular markers for predicting the fitness of clinical rifampin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains.
Seismic response of multi-storey cross-laminated timber buildings
Creators: name: Demirci, Cagatay
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Multi-storey building construction with cross-laminated timber (CLT) is growing around the globe. This increased interest in CLT construction is driven by the numerous benefits it offers over conventional materials in terms of minimum environmental cost, outstanding structural performance, and reduced construction time and cost. Besides, CLT multi-storey construction is an attractive and environmentally-responsive building option to optimise the use of the scarce area in emerging metropolitan cities where an influx of over 2.5 billion people is expected in the following three decades. Furthermore, CLT construction is an appealing building alternative in seismically prone areas due to its in-plane stiffness and potentially ductile structural joinery design. For these reasons, the dynamic response of CLT buildings under earthquake loading has been subject of numerous experimental and numerical research efforts during the last 2 decades. Surprisingly, however, most of past research has been circumscribed to strength estimations and, no comprehensive assessment has been conducted with regards to the expected level of inelastic demands in CLT buildings. In particular, the influence of the ground-motion frequency content, which has long been recognized as determinant on the seismic response, has been usually neglected in studies on CLT structures. This thesis aims to provide a detailed characterization of seismic demands in multi-storey CLT buildings and their dependency on the frequency content of the ground-motion. Attention is given to the evolution of inelastic deformations, base and inter-storey shear forces, and peak floor accelerations and their relationship with salient building and ground-motion characteristics. A comprehensive building database including 60 multi-storey CLT buildings representative of a wide range of structural configurations is constructed. To study the influence of ground-motion frequency content on peculiar design practices, a suite of 1656 real ground-motion records is used. Subsequently, a parametric study is conducted by means of a probabilistic demand assessment and non-linear regression models are proposed for the estimation of seismic demands in multi-storey CLT buildings. In addition, the use of multiple sliding sections as a potential means of mitigating the large peak accelerations observed in taller CLT buildings is also investigated. Finally, practical implications of the findings on available seismic design and assessment provisions are highlighted throughout the thesis and recommendations on future work are summarized at the end.
title: Definition and epidemiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS)
titleType: Other
Creators: name: Pontari, Michael
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine
subject: Urology

description: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is a complex of symptoms including urological pain, with or without voiding symptoms. The symptoms resemble those of a prostate infection, but an infectious etiology is found in only 5–10% of cases. The prevalence is relatively similar across continents raising the possibility that the cause is not dependent on environment. The quality of life in men with CP/CPPS is worse than for some chronic medical diseases such as heart failure and diabetes mellitus. There is also an association with other chronic pain conditions, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), fibromyalgia (FM) and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Other common symptoms in men with CP/CPPS are anxiety, depression and sexual dysfunction. Three quarters of men in a large American cohort study have symptoms attributable to the bladder. Men with CP/CPPS also commonly have sensitivity to some foods.
description: Chapter of Living Handbook Urogenital Infections and Inflammations
Valuing Australian botanic collections: a combined travel-cost and contingent valuation study
Creators: name: Mwebaze, Paul
name: Bennett, Jeff
name: Mwebaze, Paul
name: Bennett, Jeff
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Development
subject: biological collections
subject: botanic gardens
subject: contingent valuation method
subject: economic value
subject: travel-cost method
subject: willingness to pay.

description: Economic values of biological collections in three Australian botanic gardens in Canberra, Melbourne and Sydney were estimated using the travel-cost method (TCM) and the contingent valuation method (CVM). The TCM component of the study produced average per-trip consumer surplus (CS) values of $39 and $18 for single- and multiplesite visitors, respectively, for each botanic garden, resulting in an estimate of approximately $194 million for the total social welfare generated by trips to the three sites. Marginal willingness to pay (WTP) for access to botanic gardens was also investigated through payment vehicles of entry fees or higher parking charges using the CVM component. The analysis revealed a positive mean WTP of between $3 and $5 per trip per person. The difference between the CVM and TCM results reflect the different underlying concepts of value under investigation: average CS per visit for the TCM and the utility arising from a marginal visit for the CVM. Marginal changes in CS from the TCM were derived. The confidence intervals from the TCM marginal values overlap the WTP estimates from the CVM. These findings will be useful for resource management decisions in the botanic gardens collection in Australia.
Using Dust Shed from Asteroids as Microsamples to Link Remote Measurements with Meteorite Classes
Creators: name: Cohen, Barbara A.
name: Szalay, Jamey R.
name: Rivkin, Andrew S.
name: Richardson, Jacob A.
name: Klima, Rachel E.
name: Ernst, Carolyn M.
name: Chabot, Nancy L.
name: Sternovsky, Zoltan
name: Horányi, Mihaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given the compositional diversity of asteroids, and their distribution in space, it is impossible to consider returning samples from each one to establish their origin. However, the velocity and molecular composition of primary minerals, hydrated silicates, and organic materials can be determined by in situ dust detector instruments. Such instruments could sample the cloud of micrometer-scale particles shed by asteroids to provide direct links to known meteorite groups without returning the samples to terrestrial laboratories. We extend models of the measured lunar dust cloud from LADEE to show that the abundance of detectable impact-generated microsamples around asteroids is a function of the parent body radius, heliocentric distance, flyby distance, and speed. We use monte carlo modeling to show that several tens to hundreds of particles, if randomly ejected and detected during a flyby, would be a sufficient number to classify the parent body as an ordinary chondrite, basaltic achondrite, or other class of meteorite. Encountering and measuring microsamples shed from near-earth and main-belt asteroids, coupled with complementary imaging and multispectral measurements, could accomplish a thorough characterization of small, airless bodies.
description: 19 pages, 3 Tables, 10 Figures, accepted May 30, 2019