cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Product-free sets in the free group
Creators: name: Ortega, Miquel
name: Rué, Juanjo
name: Serra, Oriol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that product-free sets of the free group over a finite alphabet have maximum density $1/2$ with respect to the natural measure that assigns total weight one to each set of irreducible words of a given size. This confirms a conjecture of Leader, Letzter, Narayanan and Walters. In more general terms, we actually prove that strongly $k$-product-free sets have maximum density $1/k$ in terms of the said measure.
description: 10 pages. Uploaded accepted version including some changes suggested by anonymous referees
Contact printing of arrayed microstructures
Creators: name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Luikart, Alicia M.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Xu, Wei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: A novel contact printing method utilizing a sacrificial layer of polyacrylic acid (PAA) was developed to selectively modify the upper surfaces of arrayed microstructures. The method was characterized by printing polystyrene onto SU-8 microstructures to create an improved substrate for a cell-based microarray platform. Experiments measuring cell growth SU-8 arrays modified with polystyrene and fibronectin demonstrated improved growth of NIH 3T3 (93% vs. 38%), HeLa (97% vs. 77%), and HT1080 (76% vs. 20%) cells relative to that for the previously used coating method. In addition, use of the PAA sacrificial layer permitted the printing of functionalized polystyrene, carboxylate polystyrene nanospheres, and silica nanospheres onto the arrays in a facile manner. Finally, a high concentration of extracellular matrix materials (ECM), such as collagen (5 mg/mL) and gelatin (0.1%), was contact printed onto the array structures using as little as 5 μL of the ECM reagent and without the formation of a continuous film bridge across the microstructures. Murine embryonic stem cells cultured on arrays printed with this gelatin-hydrogel remained in an undifferentiated state indicating an adequate surface gelatin layer to maintain these cells over time.
Microtable arrays for culture and isolation of cell colonies
Creators: name: Pai, Jeng-Hao
name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Xu, Wei
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Cell microarrays with culture sites composed of individually removable microstructures or micropallets have proven benefits for isolation of cells from a mixed population. The laser energy required to selectively remove these micropallets with attached cells from the array depends on the microstructure surface area in contact with the substrate. Laser energies sufficient to release micropallets greater than 100 μm resulted in loss of cell viability. A new 3-dimensional culture site similar in appearance to a table was designed and fabricated using a simple process that relied on a differential sensitivity of two photoresists to UV-mediated photopolymerization. With this design, the larger culture area rests on four small supports to minimize the surface area in contact with the substrate. Microtables up to 250 × 250 μm were consistently released with single 10 μJ pulses to each of the 4 support structures. In contrast, microstructures with a 150 × 150 μm surface area in contact with the substrate could not be reliably released at pulse energies up to 212 μJ. Cassie-Baxter wetting is required to provide a barrier of air to localize and sequester cells to the culture sites. A second asset of the design was an increased retention of this air barrier under conditions of decreased surface tension and after prolonged culture of cells. The improved air retention was due to the hydrophobic cavity created beneath the table and above the substrate which entrapped air when an aqueous solution was added to the array. The microtables proved an efficient method for isolating colonies from the array with 100% of selected colonies competent to expand following release from the array.
Kinetic analysis of PI3K reactions with fluorescent PIP2 derivatives
Creators: name: Wang, Xiaoyang
name: Zhang, Qisheng
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Huang, Weigang
name: Wang, Kelong
name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Jiang, Dechen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: PI3K signaling plays important roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and migration. Increased mutations and expression levels of PI3K are hallmarks for the development of certain cancers. Pharmacological targeting of PI3K activity has also been actively pursued as a novel cancer therapeutic. Consequently, measurement of PI3K activity in different cell types or patient samples holds the promise as being a novel diagnostic tool. However, the direct measurement of cellular PI3K activity has been a challenging task. We report here the characterization of two fluorescent PIP2 derivatives as reporters for PI3K enzymatic activity. The reporters are efficiently separated from their corresponding PI3K enzymatic products through either thin layer chromatography (TLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE), and can be detected with high sensitivity by fluorescence. The biophysical and kinetic properties of the two probes are measured, and their suitability to characterize PI3K inhibitors is explored. Both probes show similar capacity as PI3K substrates for inhibitor characterization, yet also possess distinct properties that may suggest their different applications. These characterizations have laid the groundwork to systematically measure cellular PI3K activity, and have the potential to generate molecular fingerprints for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Einstein's Equations and a Cosmology with Finite Matter
Creators: name: Clavelli, L.
name: Goldstein, Gary R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss various space-time metrics which are compatible with Einstein's equations and a previously suggested cosmology with a finite total mass. In this alternative cosmology the matter density was postulated to be a spatial delta function at the time of the big bang thereafter diffusing outward with constant total mass. This proposal explores a departure from standard assumptions that the big bang occurred everywhere at once or was just one of an infinite number of previous and later transitions.
description: 14 pages, one figure, two typographical corrections
Polystyrene-coated micropallets for culture and separation of primary muscle cells
Creators: name: Kornegay, Joe N.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Detwiler, David A.
name: Dobes, Nicholas C.
name: Sims, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Despite identification of a large number of adult stem cell types, current primary cell isolation and identification techniques yield heterogeneous samples, making detailed biological studies challenging. To identify subsets of isolated cells, technologies capable of simultaneous cell culture and cloning are necessary. Micropallet arrays, a new cloning platform for adherent cell types, hold great potential. However, the microstructures composing these arrays are fabricated from an epoxy photoresist 1002F, a growth surface unsuitable for many cell types. Optimization of the microstructures’ surface properties was conducted for the culture of satellite cells, primary muscle cells for which improved cell isolation techniques are desired. A variety of surface materials were screened for satellite cell adhesion and proliferation and compared to their optimal substrate, gelatin-coated Petri dishes. A 1-μm thick, polystyrene copolymer was applied to the microstructures by contact-printing. A negatively charged copolymer of 5% acrylic acid in 95% styrene was found to be equivalent to the control Petri dishes for cell adhesion and proliferation. Cells cultured on control dishes and optimal copolymer-coated surfaces maintained an undifferentiated state and showed similar mRNA expression for two genes indicative of cell differentiation during a standard differentiation protocol. Experiments using additional contact-printed layers of extracellular matrix proteins collagen and gelatin showed no further improvements. This micropallet coating strategy is readily adaptable to optimize the array surface for other types of primary cells.
Exchange Magnon-Polaritons in Microwave Cavities
Creators: name: Cao, Yunshan
name: Yan, Peng
name: Huebl, Hans
name: Goennenwein, Sebastian T. B.
name: Bauer, Gerrit E. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formulate a scattering theory to study magnetic films in microwave cavities beyond the independent-spin and rotating wave approximations of the Tavis-Cummings model. We demonstrate that strong coupling can be realized not only for the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) mode, but also for spin wave resonances (SWRs); the coupling strengths are mode dependent and decrease with increasing mode index. The strong coupling regime can be also accessed electrically by spin pumping into a metal contact.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Design and Synthesis of Small-molecule Inhibitors and Degraders for Brachyury and NEK1
Creators: name: Hans Oh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: In recent years, the discovery and characterization of various small-molecule binding proteins have shed valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying biological processes and the development of new strategies for the treatment of diseases.1 However, significant portions of the human proteome remain understudied, such as proteins implicated in the development and progression of rare diseases. Herein, we describe our efforts to study two unrelated, biologically understudied protein targets in chemical biology research using small molecule inhibitors and degraders: brachyury and NEK1. With the initial hit molecules identified from small-molecule fragment screening using X-ray crystallography, our team synthesized analogs of scaffolds such as lactams, quinazolines, benzamides, and benzimidazoles to target various binding pockets of brachyury. Following the development of lead compounds from these scaffolds, small-molecule degraders were developed by chemically linking lead inhibitors with cereblon, an E3 ligase that ubiquitinates target proteins for degradation via the ubiquitin- proteasome system.2 While the biological assay for testing the degradation capacities of these degraders was being developed, we began a separate project to develop inhibitors for the understudied protein Nima-related kinase 1 (NEK1) in hopes of investigating its role in various biological processes such as cell cycle control, ciliopathies, and cancer.3
Recent advances in sulfotransferase enzyme activity assays
Creators: name: Dordick, Jonathan S.
name: Linhardt, Robert J.
name: Suwan, Jiraporn
name: Paul, Priscilla
name: Liu, Jian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Sulfotransferases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of sulfo groups from a donor, for example 3′-phosphoadenosine 5′-phosphosulfate, to an acceptor, for example the amino or hydroxyl groups of a small molecule, xenobiotic, carbohydrate, or peptide. These enzymes are important targets in the design of novel therapeutics for treatment of a variety of diseases. This review examines assays used for this important class of enzyme, paying particular attention to sulfotransferases acting on carbohydrates and peptides and the major challenges associated with their analysis.
Measuring work and heat in ultracold quantum gases
Creators: name: De Chiara, G.
name: Roncaglia, A. J.
name: Paz, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a feasible experimental scheme to direct measure heat and work in cold atomic setups. The method is based on a recent proposal which shows that work is a positive operator valued measure (POVM). In the present contribution, we demonstrate that the interaction between the atoms and the light polarisation of a probe laser allows us to implement such POVM. In this way the work done on or extracted from the atoms after a given process is encoded in the light quadrature that can be measured with a standard homodyne detection. The protocol allows one to verify fluctuation theorems and study properties of the non-unitary dynamics of a given thermodynamic process.
description: Published version in the Focus Issue on "Quantum Thermodynamics"
Supplemental Methods and Results from Male competition and the evolution of mating and life-history traits in experimental populations of Aedes aegypti
Creators: name: Qureshi, Alima
name: Aldersley, Andrew
name: Hollis, Brian
name: Alongkot Ponlawat
name: Cator, Lauren J.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Detailed methods of selection regimes, phenotypic measures, and statistical analyses. Supplemental Tables S1-S3
Scalar conservation laws with monotone pure-jump Markov initial conditions
Creators: name: Kaspar, David C.
name: Rezakhanlou, Fraydoun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35 (Primary), 35L65, 60J25, 60J75 (Secondary)

description: In 2010 Menon and Srinivasan published a conjecture for the statistical structure of solutions $ρ$ to scalar conservation laws with certain Markov initial conditions, proposing a kinetic equation that should suffice to describe $ρ(x,t)$ as a stochastic process in $x$ with $t$ fixed. In this article we verify an analogue of the conjecture for initial conditions which are bounded, monotone, and piecewise constant. Our argument uses a particle system representation of $ρ(x,t)$ over $0 \leq x \leq L$ for $L > 0$, with a suitable random boundary condition at $x = L$.
description: 29 pages, 2 figures. This version clarifies the notion of solution to the kinetic equation and adds a citation to a recent preprint of Luen-Chau Li
Die Kirche und der Kampf um die Wiederherstellung der Demokratie auf den Philippinen
Creators: name: Hofer, Eckhard
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 15 Nr. 4 (1986): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 15, Heft 4
Electromagnetic and Electrothermal modeling of superconductors for large scale applications
Creators: name: Dadhich, Anang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Superconductivity
Aerospace
Electrical aircraft
Multiphysics
Numerical modeling
C++
REBCO tapes, stacks, and bulks

description: High Temperature Superconducting stacks and bulks can be used in the rotors of the motors of hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion, which can reduce the greenhouse emissions in aviation industry. Though, on application of cross magnetic fields present inside such motors, these superconducting magnets can demagnetize rapidly. Also, the superconductors are vulnerable to Electro-thermal quench due to large screening currents and high voltages, for applications such as high field magnets and motors. There is a need for a fast and accurate numerical software to analyze these problems. In this thesis work, we have developed a numerical model using variational principles that can calculate demagnetization for millions of cycles for very thick stacks (up to 100 tapes) in relatively short time (orders of magnitude faster than the commercial software). For high number of ripple field cycles, we have observed that the trapped field reaches a permanent non-zero asymptotic value for HTS stacks, if the ripple field amplitude is lower than the tape’s parallel penetration field. We have also developed a fast coupled Electro-magneto-thermal software, which uses variational principles, to accurately simulate the quench behavior of superconductors. As coded in C++ in-house, this software is very fast and highly customizable. The models developed during this thesis work can be used for a quick and complete Electro-Magnetic and Electro-Thermal analysis of practical large scale superconducting applications such as high field magnets, fault current
 limiters, motors, and generators, by engineers and scientists.
Trapping cells on a stretchable microwell array for single-cell analysis
Creators: name: Wang, Yuli
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Shah, Pavak
name: Phillips, Colleen
name: Sims, Christopher E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: There is a need for a technology that can be incorporated into routine laboratory procedures to obtain a continuous, quantitative, fluorescence-based measurement of the dynamic behaviors of numerous individual living cells in parallel, while allowing other manipulations, such as staining, rinsing, and even retrieval of targeted cells. Here we report a simple, low cost microarray platform that can trap cells for dynamic single-cell analysis of mammalian cells. The elasticity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was utilized to trap tens of thousands of cells on an array. The PDMS microwell array was stretched by a tube through which cells were loaded on the array. Cells were trapped on the array by removal of the tube and relaxation of the PDMS. Once that was accomplished, the cells remained trapped on the array without continuous application of an external force and permitted subsequent manipulations, such as staining, rinsing, imaging, and even isolation of targeted cells. We demonstrate the utility of this platform by multicolor analysis of trapped cells and monitoring in individual cells real-time calcium flux after exposure to the calcium ionophore ionomycin. Additionally, a proof of concept for target cell isolation was demonstrated by using a microneedle to locally deform the PDMS membrane in order to retrieve a particular cell from the array.
Supplementary material from Pair-bonding influences affective state in a monogamous fish species
Creators: name: Laubu, Chloé
name: Louâpre, Philippe
name: François-Xavier Dechaume-Moncharmont
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Appendix S1-S2, Figures S1-S4 and Tables S1-S7
Lasserre Hierarchy for Graph Isomorphism and Homomorphism Indistinguishability
Creators: name: Roberson, David E.
name: Seppelt, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that feasibility of the $t^\text{th}$ level of the Lasserre semidefinite programming hierarchy for graph isomorphism can be expressed as a homomorphism indistinguishability relation. In other words, we define a class $\mathcal{L}_t$ of graphs such that graphs $G$ and $H$ are not distinguished by the $t^\text{th}$ level of the Lasserre hierarchy if and only if they admit the same number of homomorphisms from any graph in $\mathcal{L}_t$. By analysing the treewidth of graphs in $\mathcal{L}_t$, we prove that the $3t^\text{th}$ level of Sherali--Adams linear programming hierarchy is as strong as the $t^\text{th}$ level of Lasserre. Moreover, we show that this is best possible in the sense that $3t$ cannot be lowered to $3t-1$ for any $t$. The same result holds for the Lasserre hierarchy with non-negativity constraints, which we similarly characterise in terms of homomorphism indistinguishability over a family $\mathcal{L}_t^+$ of graphs. Additionally, we give characterisations of level-$t$ Lasserre with non-negativity constraints in terms of logical equivalence and via a graph colouring algorithm akin to the Weisfeiler--Leman algorithm. This provides a polynomial time algorithm for determining if two given graphs are distinguished by the $t^\text{th}$ level of the Lasserre hierarchy with non-negativity constraints.
description: Full version. 36 pages, 6 figures
Assays for determining heparan sulfate and heparin O-sulfotransferase activity and specificity
Creators: name: Paul, Priscilla
name: Beaudet, Julie M.
name: Liu, Jian
name: Linhardt, Robert J.
name: Dordick, Jonathan S.
name: Sterner, Eric
name: Li, Lingyun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: O-sulfotransferases (OSTs) are critical enzymes in the cellular biosynthesis of the biologically and pharmacologically important heparan sulfate and heparin. Recently, these enzymes have been cloned and expressed in bacteria for application in the chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycosaminoglycan-based drugs. OST activity assays have largely relied on the use of radioisotopic methods using [35S] 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate and scintillation counting. Herein, we examine alternative assays that are more compatible with a biomanufacturing environment. A high throughput microtiter-based approach is reported that relies on a coupled bienzymic colorimetric assay for heparan sulfate and heparin OSTs acting on polysaccharide substrates using arylsulfotransferase-IV and p-nitrophenylsulfate as a sacrificial sulfogroup donor. A second liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric assay, for heparan sulfate and heparin OSTs acting on structurally defined oligosaccharide substrates, is also reported that provides additional information on the number and positions of the transferred sulfo groups within the product. Together, these assays allow quantitative and mechanistic information to be obtained on OSTs that act on heparan sulfate and heparin precursors.
Linewidth Differences of Neutrals and Ions Induced by MHD Turbulence
Creators: name: Xu, Siyao
name: Lazarian, A.
name: Yan, Huirong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of the difference of line widths of neutrals and ions observed from molecular clouds and explore whether this difference can arise from the effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence acting on partially ionized gas. Among the three fundamental modes of MHD turbulence, we find fast modes do not contribute to linewidth differences, whereas slow modes can have an effect on different line widths for certain parameters. We focus on Alfvénic component because they contain most of the turbulent energy, and consider the damping of this component taking into account both neutral-ion collisions and neutral viscosity. We consider different regimes of turbulence corresponding to different media magnetizations and turbulent drivings. In the case of super-Alfvénic turbulence, when the damping scale of Alfvénic turbulence is below $l_A$, where $l_A$ is the injection scale of anisotropic GS95-type turbulence, the linewidth difference does not depend on the magnetic field strength. While for other turbulent regimes, the dependence is present. For instance, the difference between the squares of the neutral and ion velocity dispersions in strong sub-Alfvénic turbulence allows evaluation of magnetic field. We discuss earlier findings on the neutral-ion linewidth differences in the literature and compare the expressions for magnetic field we obtain with those published earlier.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures
Single-cell sphingosine kinase activity measurements in primary leukemia
Creators: name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Armistead, Paul M.
name: Hunsucker, Sally A.
name: Dickinson, Alexandra J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Sphingosine kinase (SK) is a promising therapeutic target in a number of cancers, including leukemia. Traditionally, SK has been measured in bulk cell lysates, but this technique obscures the cellular heterogeneity present in this pathway. For this reason, SK activity was measured in single cells loaded with a fluorescent sphingosine reporter. An automated capillary electrophoresis (CE) system enabled rapid separation and quantification of the phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated sphingosine reporter in single cells. SK activity was measured in tissue-cultured cells derived from chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562), primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from three patients with different forms of leukemia, and enriched leukemic blasts from a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Significant intercellular heterogeneity existed in terms of the degree of reporter phosphorylation (as much as an order of magnitude difference), the amount of reporter uptake, and the metabolites formed. In K562 cells, the average amount of reporter converted to the phosphorylated form was 39 ± 26% per cell. Of the primary PBMCs analyzed, the average amount of phosphorylated reporter was 16 ± 25%, 11 ± 26%, and 13 ± 23% in a chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patient, an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient, and a B-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (B-ALL) patient, respectively. These experiments demonstrated the challenge of studying samples comprised of multiple cell types, with tumor blasts present at 5 to 87% of the cell population. When the leukemic blasts from a fourth patient with AML were enriched to 99% of the cell population, 19 ± 36% of the loaded sphingosine was phosphorylated. Thus the diversity in SK activity remained even in a nearly pure tumor sample. These enriched AML blasts loaded significantly less reporter (0.12 ± 0.2 amol) relative to that loaded into the PBMCs in the other samples (≥1 amol). The variability in SK signaling may have important implications for SK inhibitors as therapeutics for leukemia and demonstrates the value of single-cell analysis in characterizing the nature of oncogenic signaling in cancer.
Social and Economic Determinants Influencing the Health of Zambian Women and Children: Evidence from the Zambia DHS 2018.
Creators: name: Parikh, Manav
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: In Zambia, the proportion of individuals using unclean fuels is increasing, despite the downward global trend exhibited by most other countries. While previous studies including Zambia have analyzed the link between household air pollution and under-five mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, there is a severe lack of in-depth analysis of the effects of unclean fuel on several outcome variables. This study utilizes data from the 2018 Demographic and Health Survey of Zambia to elucidate how socioeconomic factors influence several health indicators. Five indicators were chosen for analysis using logistic regression: “low birthweight,” “ever had a terminated pregnancy,” “ever had a cough in the last two weeks,” ”anemia level,” and “ever told by a doctor or health worker that have raised blood pressure or hypertension. Of the socioeconomic factors tested, individuals were significantly more likely to be anemic when belonging to households in the poorest wealth quintile (when compared to the median), households with a female head, or if their gender was male. Early pregnancy termination was significantly linked to outdoor cooking, smoking within the household, and wealth quintile. High blood pressure was significantly linked with unclean fuel use, outdoor cooking, wealth quintile, and urban-rural divide. This study provides a preliminary analysis of the effects of several socioeconomic factors on the outcome variables of interest. These results provide a preliminary basis for investigations into the health of households in Zambia.
Enfoque diferencial orientado a las personas cuidadoras
Creators: name: Palacios Sanabria, María Teresa
Publisher: name: Universidad del Rosario
Year: 2022

description: Recurso audiovisual perteneciente al mooc Enfoque diferencial para el logro de la igualdad mediante el cual la experta Andrea Carolina Padilla Muñoz - Abogada y profesora, da respuesta a la pregunta ¿Cuál es la importancia que resalta del enfoque diferencial en los grupos poblacionales con los que tiene relación? orientado a las personas cuidadoras
Dynamic Human Body Models in Vehicle Safety: An Overview
Creators: name: Fahse, Niklas
name: Millard, Matthew
name: Kempter, Fabian
name: Maier, Steffen
name: Roller, Michael
name: Fehr, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Significant trends in the vehicle industry are autonomous driving, micromobility, electrification and the increased use of shared mobility solutions. These new vehicle automation and mobility classes lead to a larger number of occupant positions, interiors and load directions. As safety systems interact with and protect occupants, it is essential to place the human, with its variability and vulnerability, at the center of the design and operation of these systems. Digital human body models (HBMs) can help meet these requirements and are therefore increasingly being integrated into the development of new vehicle models. This contribution provides an overview of current HBMs and their applications in vehicle safety in different driving modes. The authors briefly introduce the underlying mathematical methods and present a selection of HBMs to the reader. An overview table with guideline values for simulation times, common applications and available variants of the models is provided. To provide insight into the broad application of HBMs, the authors present three case studies in the field of vehicle safety: (i) in-crash finite element simulations and injuries of riders on a motorcycle; (ii) scenario-based assessment of the active pre-crash behavior of occupants with the Madymo multibody HBM; (iii) prediction of human behavior in a take-over scenario using the EMMA model.
AI Assisted Video Workflow: Exploring UIs for Human-AI Collaboration
Creators: name: Soe, Than Htut
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Video production and distribution have become very affordable and accessible. A large body of research is available in machine learning for audio, visual and language processing and more recently generation of multimedia content. Machine learning provides promising materials for designing innovative video production workflows. However, there is a lack of studies and expertise around how would video editors receive and use machine learning in their work. As a part of ongoing university and industry joint innovation project, this project aims to explore the the challenges of integrating machine learning into video editing workflows. Through setting up and running experiments with AI embedded prototypes on video production workflow, we aim to explore the design space of using AI in video editing interfaces and potential of human-in-the-loop machine learning in creative designs.
Measurement of the $e^+e^- \to ηπ^+π^-$ cross section in the center-of-mass energy range 1.22--2.00 GeV with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 collider
Creators: name: Aulchenko, V. M.
name: Achasov, M. N.
name: Barnyakov, A. Yu.
name: Beloborodov, K. I.
name: Berdyugin, A. V.
name: Bogdanchikov, A. G.
name: Botov, A. A.
name: Dimova, T. V.
name: Druzhinin, V. P.
name: Golubev, V. B.
name: Kardapoltsev, L. V.
name: Kharlamov, A. G.
name: Koop, I. A.
name: Korol, A. A.
name: Koshuba, S. V.
name: Kovrizhin, D. P.
name: Kupich, A. S.
name: Martin, K. A.
name: Obrazovsky, A. E.
name: Pakhtusova, E. V.
name: Senchenko, A. I.
name: Serednyakov, S. I.
name: Silagadze, Z. K.
name: Shatunov, Yu. M.
name: Shatunov, P. Ju.
name: Shtol, D. A.
name: Shwartz, D. B.
name: Skrinsky, A. N.
name: Surin, I. K.
name: Tikhonov, Yu. A.
name: Usov, Yu. V.
name: Vasiljev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the experiment with the SND detector at the VEPP-2000 $e^+e^-$ collider the cross section for the process $e^+e^-\toηπ^+π^-$ has been measured in the center-of-mass energy range from 1.22 to 2.00 GeV. Obtained results are in agreement with previous measurements and have better accuracy. The energy dependence of the $e^+e^-\toηπ^+π^-$ cross section has been fitted with the vector-meson dominance model. From this fit the product of the branching fractions $B(ρ(1450)\toηπ^+π^-)B(ρ(1450)\to e^+e^-)$ has been extracted and compared with the same products for $ρ(1450)\toωπ^0$ and $ρ(1450)\toπ^+π^-$ decays. The obtained cross section data have been also used to test the conservation of vector current hypothesis.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Experimental evidence for Berry curvature multipoles in antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Sankar, Soumya
name: Liu, Ruizi
name: Gao, Xue-Jian
name: Li, Qi-Fang
name: Chen, Caiyun
name: Zhang, Cheng-Ping
name: Zheng, Jiangchang
name: Lin, Yi-Hsin
name: Qian, Kun
name: Yu, Ruo-Peng
name: Zhang, Xu
name: Meng, Zi Yang
name: Law, Kam Tuen
name: Shao, Qiming
name: Jäck, Berthold
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Berry curvature multipoles appearing in topological quantum materials have recently attracted much attention. Their presence can manifest in novel phenomena, such as nonlinear anomalous Hall effects (NLAHE). The notion of Berry curvature multipoles extends our understanding of Berry curvature effects on the material properties. Hence, research on this subject is of fundamental importance and may also enable future applications in energy harvesting and high-frequency technology. It was shown that a Berry curvature dipole can give rise to a 2nd order NLAHE in materials of low crystalline symmetry. Here, we demonstrate a fundamentally new mechanism for Berry curvature multipoles in antiferromagnets that are supported by the underlying magnetic symmetries. Carrying out electric transport measurements on the kagome antiferromagnet FeSn, we observe a 3rd order NLAHE, which appears as a transverse voltage response at the 3rd harmonic frequency when a longitudinal a.c. current drive is applied. Interestingly, this NLAHE is strongest at and above room temperature. We combine these measurements with a scaling law analysis, a symmetry analysis, model calculations, first-principle calculations, and magnetic Monte-Carlo simulations to show that the observed NLAHE is induced by a Berry curvature quadrupole appearing in the spin-canted state of FeSn. At a practical level, our study establishes NLAHE as a sensitive probe of antiferromagnetic phase transitions in other materials, such as moiré superlattices, two-dimensional van der Waal magnets, and quantum spin liquid candidates, that remain poorly understood to date. More broadly, Berry curvature multipole effects are predicted to exist for 90 magnetic point groups. Hence, our work opens a new research area to study a variety of topological magnetic materials through nonlinear measurement protocols.
Values-Led Intergenerational Participatory Design of Interactive Media to Enable Playful Interaction Between Preschool Children and Older Users
Creators: name: Pialorsi, Veronica
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80602 Computer-Human Interaction
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: This research aims to explore how to engage with preschool children and older users in values-led participatory design processes. The project would result in a set of methodological recommendations and guidelines on how to design interactive media aimed at an intergenerational audience.
Explore parameter efficient fine-tuning methods on Large Language Model
Creators: name: Liu, Yufan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the development of a single model capable of performing a wide range of tasks. However, the cost of training and fine-tuning LLMs for unseen tasks is extremely high and time-consuming, rendering it inaccessible to many researchers and organizations with limited resources. Researchers have proposed various methods to encounter this issue. One proposed method is parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT), which typically involves adapting only a small subset of the model parameters while preserving the model's performance. The recently proposed PEFT method IA3 has demonstrated promising results. However, there is limited research in the evaluations on IA3, prompt tuning, and model merging using PEFT vectors. This work serves as the first step toward understanding weight space in PEFT vectors and its application in model merging. Through experiments on fine-tuning T5 using IA3 and model merging using task vectors, we discovered prompts' influence on the fine-tuning results, the correlations among PEFT vectors in terms of task types, various approaches in merging models using task vectors, and generalization ability in the commonsense dataset.
Experimental and theoretical studies on actinide extraction: dibutyl phenyl phosphonate versus tri-n-butyl phosphate
Creators: name: S. T. Disale
name: C. V. S. Brahmmananda Rao
name: Gopinadhanpillai Gopakumar
name: R. V. Jayaram
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Dibutyl phenyl phosphonate (DBPP) was synthesized by the reaction of phenyl phosphorochloridate with 1-butanol in dichloromethane, in the presence of pyridine as a base. The product was characterized by 13C and 31P NMR, mass spectra and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. The variation in density of 1.1 M solution of DBPP in xylene was estimated as a function of nitric acid concentration. The conditional acid uptake constant (KH) is a measure of basicity of the ligand. This parameter was evaluated for DBPP and is reported in this paper. Extraction of U(VI), Th(IV) and Am(III) by a 1.1 M solution of DBPP in xylene was studied as a function of nitric acid concentration at 298 K. The distribution ratios of the metal ions in the DBPP/xylene system were compared with that of the tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)/n-dodecane system. The stoichiometry of uranyl solvate was evaluated to be 1:2. The extraction studies of some fission products with 1.1 M DBPP/xylene were performed and the distribution ratios (D) were determined. As a final step, we have applied quantum chemical calculations to understand the electronic structure of DBPP and the respective uranium complex, [UO2(NO3)2]·2DBPP. By applying the computationally accurate DLPNO-CCSD(T) methodology, we were able to derive the lowest-energy geometry for [UO2(NO3)2]·2DBPP, where both the nitrate groups are in trans-orientation. The Mulliken population and NBO analysis indicated that for both ligands (TBP and DBPP) the electronic charge is more polarized towards the oxygen atom of P = O group. The net charge at P = O group is positive with a large value estimated for TBP ligand.
Quantitative mass spectrometry imaging of emtricitabine in cervical tissue model using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization
Creators: name: Kashuba, Angela D. M.
name: Sykes, Craig
name: Rosen, Elias
name: Bokhart, Mark T.
name: Muddiman, David C.
name: Thompson, Corbin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: A quantitative mass spectrometry imaging (QMSI) technique using infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) is demonstrated for the antiretroviral (ARV) drug emtricitabine in incubated human cervical tissue. Method development of the QMSI technique leads to a gain in sensitivity and removal of interferences for several ARV drugs. Analyte response was significantly improved by a detailed evaluation of several cationization agents. Increased sensitivity and removal of an isobaric interference was demonstrated with sodium chloride in the electrospray solvent. Voxel-to-voxel variability was improved for the MSI experiments by normalizing analyte abundance to a uniformly applied compound with similar characteristics to the drug of interest. Finally, emtricitabine was quantified in tissue with a calibration curve generated from the stable isotope-labeled analog of emtricitabine followed by cross-validation using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The quantitative IR-MALDESI analysis proved to be reproducible with an emtricitabine concentration of 17.2±1.8 μg/gtissue. This amount corresponds to the detection of 7 fmol/voxel in the IR-MALDESI QMSI experiment. Adjacent tissue slices were analyzed using LC-MS/MS which resulted in an emtricitabine concentration of 28.4±2.8 μg/gtissue.
Flux-Tunable Hybridization in a Double Quantum Dot Interferometer
Creators: name: Prosko, Christian G.
name: Kulesh, Ivan
name: Chan, Michael
name: Han, Lin
name: Xiao, Di
name: Thomas, Candice
name: Manfra, Michael J.
name: Goswami, Srijit
name: Malinowski, Filip K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A single electron shared between two levels threaded by a magnetic flux is an irreducibly simple quantum system in which interference is predicted to occur. We demonstrate tuning of the tunnel coupling between two such electronic levels with flux, implemented in a loop comprising two quantum dots. Using radio-frequency reflectometry of the dots' gate electrodes we extract the inter-dot coupling, which exhibits oscillations with a periodicity of one flux quantum. In different tunneling regimes we benchmark the oscillations' contrast, and find that their amplitude varies with the levels involved, while tunneling is generically not suppressed at oscillation minima. These results establish the feasibility and limitations of parity readout of qubits with tunnel couplings tuned by flux.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures. Version as submitted to a scientific journal with updated author list, corrected figure S5, and minor changes to data analysis
Tensor perturbations of Palatini $f(\mathcal{R})$-branes
Creators: name: Gu, Bao-Min
name: Guo, Bin
name: Yu, Hao
name: Liu, Yu-Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thick brane model in Palatini $f(\mathcal{R})$ gravity. The brane is generated by a real scalar field with a scalar potential. We solve the system analytically and obtain a series of thick brane solutions for the $f(\mathcal{R})=\mathcal{R}+α\mathcal{R}^2$-brane model. It is shown that tensor perturbations of the metric are stable for $df({\mathcal{R}})/d{\mathcal{R}}>0$. For nonconstant curvature solutions, the graviton zero mode can be localized on the brane, which indicates that the four-dimensional gravity can be recovered on the brane. Mass spectrum of graviton KK modes and their corrections to the Newtonian potential are also discussed.
description: v3: 19 pages, 2 figures
Discovering British Colonial Natchez: An Analysis of Three Cadastral Maps of the 1770s
Creators: name: Schenkel, Leni
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Scholarship on the history of Natchez today tends to focus on the precolonial, French, and Spanish periods. While histories of Natchez during the British period do exist, little research has been done on the cadastral maps of the period. Three cadastral maps (a 1771 map by Elias Durnford,a 1774 map by William Wilton, and an untitled map also by Durnford) are placed chronologically and analyzed to determine possible modes of living in British Colonial Natchez, including land use, population, transportation, and trade.
Separation of peptide fragments of a protein kinase C substrate fused to a β-hairpin by capillary electrophoresis
Creators: name: Sims, Christopher E.
name: Allbritton, Nancy L.
name: Zigoneanu, Imola G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Synthetic peptides incorporating well-folded β-hairpin peptides possess advantages in a variety of cell biology applications by virtue of increased resistance to proteolytic degradation. In this study, the WKpG β-hairpin peptide fused to a protein kinase C (PKC) substrate was synthesized, and capillary-electrophoretic separation conditions for this peptide and its proteolytic fragments were developed. Fragments of WKpG-PKC were generated by enzymatic treatment with trypsin and Pronase E to produce standards for identification of degradation fragments in a cellular lysate. A simple buffer system of 250 mM H3PO4, pH 1.5 enabled separation of WKpG-PKC and its fragments by capillary electrophoresis in less than 16 min. Using a cellular lysate produced from Ba/F3 cells, the β-hairpin-conjugated substrate and its PKCα-phosphorylated product could be detected and separated from peptidase-generated fragments produced in a cell lysate. The method has potential application for identification and quantification of WKpG-PKC and its fragments in complex biological systems when the peptide is used as a reporter to assay PKC activity.
Mystiken des Ostens und christliche Spiritualität
Creators: name: Walgrave, Jan Hendrik
Publisher: name: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio
Year: 2022

description: Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Bd. 15 Nr. 4 (1986): Internationale katholische Zeitschrift Communio, Band 15, Heft 4