Cumulants and Correlation Functions of Net-proton, Proton and Antiproton Multiplicity Distributions in Au+Au Collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
Creators: name: STAR Collaboration
name: Abdallah, M. S.
name: Adam, J.
name: Adamczyk, L.
name: Adams, J. R.
name: Adkins, J. K.
name: Agakishiev, G.
name: Aggarwal, I.
name: Aggarwal, M. M.
name: Ahammed, Z.
name: Alekseev, I.
name: Anderson, D. M.
name: Aparin, A.
name: Aschenauer, E. C.
name: Ashraf, M. U.
name: Atetalla, F. G.
name: Attri, A.
name: Averichev, G. S.
name: Bairathi, V.
name: Baker, W.
name: Cap, J. G. Ball
name: Barish, K.
name: Behera, A.
name: Bellwied, R.
name: Bhagat, P.
name: Bhasin, A.
name: Bielcik, J.
name: Bielcikova, J.
name: Bordyuzhin, I. G.
name: Brandenburg, J. D.
name: Brandin, A. V.
name: Bunzarov, I.
name: Butterworth, J.
name: Cai, X. Z.
name: Caines, H.
name: Sánchez, M. Calderón de la Barca
name: Cebra, D.
name: Chakaberia, I.
name: Chaloupka, P.
name: Chan, B. K.
name: Chang, F. -H.
name: Chang, Z.
name: Chankova-Bunzarova, N.
name: Chatterjee, A.
name: Chattopadhyay, S.
name: Chen, D.
name: Chen, J.
name: Chen, J. H.
name: Chen, X.
name: Chen, Z.
name: Cheng, J.
name: Chevalier, M.
name: Choudhury, S.
name: Christie, W.
name: Chu, X.
name: Crawford, H. J.
name: Csanád, M.
name: Daugherity, M.
name: Dedovich, T. G.
name: Deppner, I. M.
name: Derevschikov, A. A.
name: Dhamija, A.
name: Di Carlo, L.
name: Didenko, L.
name: Dong, X.
name: Drachenberg, J. L.
name: Dunlop, J. C.
name: Elsey, N.
name: Engelage, J.
name: Eppley, G.
name: Esumi, S.
name: Evdokimov, O.
name: Ewigleben, A.
name: Eyser, O.
name: Fatemi, R.
name: Fawzi, F. M.
name: Fazio, S.
name: Federic, P.
name: Fedorisin, J.
name: Feng, C. J.
name: Feng, Y.
name: Filip, P.
name: Finch, E.
name: Fisyak, Y.
name: Francisco, A.
name: Fu, C.
name: Fulek, L.
name: Gagliardi, C. A.
name: Galatyuk, T.
name: Geurts, F.
name: Ghimire, N.
name: Gibson, A.
name: Gopal, K.
name: Gou, X.
name: Grosnick, D.
name: Gupta, A.
name: Guryn, W.
name: Hamad, A. I.
name: Hamed, A.
name: Han, Y.
name: Harabasz, S.
name: Harasty, M. D.
name: Harris, J. W.
name: Harrison, H.
name: He, S.
name: He, W.
name: He, X. H.
name: He, Y.
name: Heppelmann, S.
name: Heppelmann, S.
name: Herrmann, N.
name: Hoffman, E.
name: Holub, L.
name: Hu, Y.
name: Huang, H.
name: Huang, H. Z.
name: Huang, S. L.
name: Huang, T.
name: Huang, X.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Humanic, T. J.
name: Isenhower, D.
name: Jacobs, W. W.
name: Jena, C.
name: Jentsch, A.
name: Ji, Y.
name: Jia, J.
name: Jiang, K.
name: Ju, X.
name: Judd, E. G.
name: Kabana, S.
name: Kabir, M. L.
name: Kagamaster, S.
name: Kalinkin, D.
name: Kang, K.
name: Kapukchyan, D.
name: Kauder, K.
name: Ke, H. W.
name: Keane, D.
name: Kechechyan, A.
name: Khyzhniak, Y. V.
name: Kikoła, D. P.
name: Kim, C.
name: Kimelman, B.
name: Kincses, D.
name: Kisel, I.
name: Kiselev, A.
name: Knospe, A. G.
name: Kochenda, L.
name: Kosarzewski, L. K.
name: Kramarik, L.
name: Kravtsov, P.
name: Kumar, L.
name: Kumar, S.
name: Elayavalli, R. Kunnawalkam
name: Kwasizur, J. H.
name: Lacey, R.
name: Lan, S.
name: Landgraf, J. M.
name: Lauret, J.
name: Lebedev, A.
name: Lednicky, R.
name: Lee, J. H.
name: Leung, Y. H.
name: Li, C.
name: Li, C.
name: Li, W.
name: Li, X.
name: Li, Y.
name: Liang, X.
name: Liang, Y.
name: Licenik, R.
name: Lin, T.
name: Lin, Y.
name: Lisa, M. A.
name: Liu, F.
name: Liu, H.
name: Liu, P.
name: Liu, T.
name: Liu, X.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Liu, Z.
name: Ljubicic, T.
name: Llope, W. J.
name: Longacre, R. S.
name: Loyd, E.
name: Lukow, N. S.
name: Luo, X.
name: Ma, L.
name: Ma, R.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Magdy, N.
name: Majka, R.
name: Mallick, D.
name: Margetis, S.
name: Markert, C.
name: Matis, H. S.
name: Mazer, J. A.
name: Minaev, N. G.
name: Mioduszewski, S.
name: Mohanty, B.
name: Mondal, M. M.
name: Mooney, I.
name: Morozov, D. A.
name: Mukherjee, A.
name: Nagy, M.
name: Nam, J. D.
name: Nasim, Md.
name: Nayak, K.
name: Neff, D.
name: Nelson, J. M.
name: Nemes, D. B.
name: Nie, M.
name: Nigmatkulov, G.
name: Niida, T.
name: Nishitani, R.
name: Nogach, L. V.
name: Nonaka, T.
name: Nunes, A. S.
name: Odyniec, G.
name: Ogawa, A.
name: Oh, S.
name: Okorokov, V. A.
name: Page, B. S.
name: Pak, R.
name: Pandav, A.
name: Pandey, A. K.
name: Panebratsev, Y.
name: Parfenov, P.
name: Pawlik, B.
name: Pawlowska, D.
name: Pei, H.
name: Perkins, C.
name: Pinsky, L.
name: Pintér, R. L.
name: Pluta, J.
name: Pokhrel, B. R.
name: Ponimatkin, G.
name: Porter, J.
name: Posik, M.
name: Prozorova, V.
name: Pruthi, N. K.
name: Przybycien, M.
name: Putschke, J.
name: Qiu, H.
name: Quintero, A.
name: Racz, C.
name: Radhakrishnan, S. K.
name: Raha, N.
name: Ray, R. L.
name: Reed, R.
name: Ritter, H. G.
name: Robotkova, M.
name: Rogachevskiy, O. V.
name: Romero, J. L.
name: Ruan, L.
name: Rusnak, J.
name: Sahoo, N. R.
name: Sako, H.
name: Salur, S.
name: Sandweiss, J.
name: Sato, S.
name: Schmidke, W. B.
name: Schmitz, N.
name: Schweid, B. R.
name: Seck, F.
name: Seger, J.
name: Sergeeva, M.
name: Seto, R.
name: Seyboth, P.
name: Shah, N.
name: Shahaliev, E.
name: Shanmuganathan, P. V.
name: Shao, M.
name: Shao, T.
name: Sheikh, A. I.
name: Shen, D.
name: Shi, S. S.
name: Shi, Y.
name: Shou, Q. Y.
name: Sichtermann, E. P.
name: Sikora, R.
name: Simko, M.
name: Singh, J.
name: Singha, S.
name: Skoby, M. J.
name: Smirnov, N.
name: Söhngen, Y.
name: Solyst, W.
name: Sorensen, P.
name: Spinka, H. M.
name: Srivastava, B.
name: Stanislaus, T. D. S.
name: Stefaniak, M.
name: Stewart, D. J.
name: Strikhanov, M.
name: Stringfellow, B.
name: Suaide, A. A. P.
name: Sumbera, M.
name: Summa, B.
name: Sun, X. M.
name: Sun, X.
name: Sun, Y.
name: Sun, Y.
name: Surrow, B.
name: Svirida, D. N.
name: Sweger, Z. W.
name: Szymanski, P.
name: Tang, A. H.
name: Tang, Z.
name: Taranenko, A.
name: Tarnowsky, T.
name: Thomas, J. H.
name: Timmins, A. R.
name: Tlusty, D.
name: Todoroki, T.
name: Tokarev, M.
name: Tomkiel, C. A.
name: Trentalange, S.
name: Tribble, R. E.
name: Tribedy, P.
name: Tripathy, S. K.
name: Truhlar, T.
name: Trzeciak, B. A.
name: Tsai, O. D.
name: Tu, Z.
name: Ullrich, T.
name: Underwood, D. G.
name: Upsal, I.
name: Van Buren, G.
name: Vanek, J.
name: Vasiliev, A. N.
name: Vassiliev, I.
name: Verkest, V.
name: Videbæk, F.
name: Vokal, S.
name: Voloshin, S. A.
name: Wang, F.
name: Wang, G.
name: Wang, J. S.
name: Wang, P.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Webb, J. C.
name: Weidenkaff, P. C.
name: Wen, L.
name: Westfall, G. D.
name: Wieman, H.
name: Wissink, S. W.
name: Witt, R.
name: Wu, J.
name: Wu, Y.
name: Xi, B.
name: Xiao, Z. G.
name: Xie, G.
name: Xie, W.
name: Xu, H.
name: Xu, N.
name: Xu, Q. H.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Xu, Z.
name: Xu, Z.
name: Yang, C.
name: Yang, Q.
name: Yang, S.
name: Yang, Y.
name: Yang, Z.
name: Ye, Z.
name: Ye, Z.
name: Yi, L.
name: Yip, K.
name: Yu, Y.
name: Zbroszczyk, H.
name: Zha, W.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Zhang, D.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Zhang, S.
name: Zhang, X. P.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Zhang, Z. J.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Zhang, Z.
name: Zhao, J.
name: Zhou, C.
name: Zhu, X.
name: Zhu, Z.
name: Zurek, M.
name: Zyzak, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a systematic measurement of cumulants, $C_{n}$, for net-proton, proton and antiproton multiplicity distributions, and correlation functions, $κ_n$, for proton and antiproton multiplicity distributions up to the fourth order in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 14.5, 19.6, 27, 39, 54.4, 62.4 and 200 GeV. The $C_{n}$ and $κ_n$ are presented as a function of collision energy, centrality and kinematic acceptance in rapidity, $y$, and transverse momentum, $p_{T}$. The data were taken during the first phase of the Beam Energy Scan (BES) program (2010 -- 2017) at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) facility. The measurements are carried out at midrapidity ($|y| &lt;$ 0.5) and transverse momentum 0.4 $&lt;$ $p_{\rm T}$ $&lt;$ 2.0 GeV/$c$, using the STAR detector at RHIC. We observe a non-monotonic energy dependence ($\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$ = 7.7 -- 62.4 GeV) of the net-proton $C_{4}$/$C_{2}$ with the significance of 3.1$σ$ for the 0-5\% central Au+Au collisions. This is consistent with the expectations of critical fluctuations in a QCD-inspired model. Thermal and transport model calculations show a monotonic variation with $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}$. For the multiparticle correlation functions, we observe significant negative values for a two-particle correlation function, $κ_2$, of protons and antiprotons, which are mainly due to the effects of baryon number conservation. Furthermore, it is found that the four-particle correlation function, $κ_4$, of protons plays a role in determining the energy dependence of proton $C_4/C_1$ below 19.6 GeV, which cannot be understood by the effect of baryon number conservation.
description: 34 pages, 25 figures, 8 tables