cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Unified Approach for Showing Language Containment And Equivalence between Various Types of Omega-Automata
Creators: name: Clarke, Edmund M
name: I A Draghicescu
name: R P Kurshan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the language inclusion and equivalence problems for six different types of ω-automata; Büchi, Muller, Rabin, Streett, the L-automata of Kurshan, and the ∀-automata of Manna and Pnueli. We give a six by six matrix in which each row and column is associated with one of these types of automata. The entry in the ith row and jth column is the complexity of showing inclusion between the ith type of automaton and the jth. Thus, for example, we give the complexity of showing language inclusion and equivalence between a Büchi automaton and a Muller or Streett automaton. Our results are obtained by a uniform method that associates a formula of the computation tree logic CTL* with each type of automaton. Our algorithms use a model checking procedure for the logic with the formulas obtained from the automata. The results of our paper are important for verification of finite state concurrent systems with fairness constraints. A natural way of reasoning about such systems is to model the finite state program by one ω-automaton and its specification by another.
Reheating constraints on modified quadratic chaotic inflation
Creators: name: Yadav, Sudhava
name: Goswami, Rajesh
name: Venkataratnam, K. K
name: Yajnik, Urjit A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Reheating era of inflationary universe can be parameterized by various parameters like reheating temperature \(T_{\text{re}}\), reheating duration \(N_{\text{re}}\) and average equation of state parameter \(\overline{ω}_{\text{re}}\), which can be constrained by observationally feasible values of scalar power spectral amplitude \(A_{\text{s}}\) and spectral index \(n_{\text{s}}\). In this work, by considering the quadratic chaotic inflationary potential with logarithmic-correction in mass, we examine the reheating era in order to place some limits on model's parameter space. By investigating the reheating epoch using Planck 2018+BK18+BAO data, we show that even a small correction can make the quadratic chaotic model consistent with latest cosmological observations. We also find that the study of reheating era helps to put much tighter constraints on model and effectively improves accuracy of model.
Impact of Neutrino Opacities on Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations
Creators: name: Kotake, Kei
name: Takiwaki, Tomoya
name: Fischer, Tobias
name: Nakamura, Ko
name: Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate description of neutrino opacities is central both to the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) phenomenon and to the validity of the explosion mechanism itself. In this work, we study in a systematic fashion the role of a variety of well-selected neutrino opacities in CCSN simulations where multi-energy, three-flavor neutrino transport is solved by the isotropic diffusion source approximation (IDSA) scheme. To verify our code, we first present results from one-dimensional (1D) simulations following core-collapse, bounce, and up to ~ 250 ms postbounce of a 15 $M_{\odot}$ star using a standard set of neutrino opacities by Bruenn (1985). Detailed comparison with published results supports the reliability of our three-flavor IDSA scheme using the standard opacity set. We then investigate in 1D simulations how the individual opacity update leads to the difference from the base-line run with the standard opacity set. By making a detailed comparison with previous work, we check the validity of our implementation of each update in a step-by-step manner. Individual neutrino opacities with the largest impact on the overall evolution in 1D simulations are selected for a systematic comparison in our two-dimensional (2D) simulations. Special emphasis is devoted to the criterion of explodability in the 2D models. We discuss the implications of these results as well as the limitations and requirements for future towards more elaborate CCSN modeling.
description: 47 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 4: of The role of maternal homocysteine concentration in placenta-mediated complications: findings from the Ottawa and Kingston birth cohort
Creators: name: Chaudhry, Shazia
name: Taljaard, Monica
name: MacFarlane, Amanda
name: Gaudet, Laura
name: Smith, Graeme
name: Rodger, Marc
name: Rennicks White, Ruth
name: Walker, Mark
name: Wen, Shi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Modelled associations of restricted cubic spline functions. (DOCX 1090 kb)
La limitación del principio de contradicción frente al interés superior del niño en los procesos penales colombianos por delitos sexuales en contra de menores de edad
Creators: name: Bayona Rangel, Jenny Carolina
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Adolescentes y adultos
subject: Testigos
subject: Sentencias
subject: Delitos sexuales
subject: Derecho penal
subject: Prueba de referencia
subject: Contradicción
subject: Inmediación
subject: Entrevista forense

description: La incorporación de la declaración del menor de edad, presunta víctima de un delito sexual, como prueba de referencia, limita el derecho de contradicción del procesado. Dicha afectación se encuentra actualmente justificada en la protección del interés superior del niño, niña o adolescente afectado con el delito y su no revictimización. Sin embargo, la Ley 906 de 2004 prevé prácticas menos invasivas al derecho de contradicción que, a su vez, exponen en menor medida a la víctima y, en cambio, aumentan el nivel de protección de sus derechos. La practica de la prueba anticipada como regla general para estos casos, aun cuando no se haya formulado imputación de cargos, permite: i) acercarse a la declaración de la víctima; ii) ejercer el derecho de contradicción, aun con las medidas de protección requeridas para estos eventos; iii) proteger en mayor medida al menor de edad de la victimización secundaria, dada la protección reforzada exigida al Estado y iv) aportar al proceso un medio de prueba sin afectación del derecho de contradicción con capacidad probatoria suficiente para emitir una sentencia condenatoria.
description: The incorporation of the statement of the minor, an alleged victim of a sexual crime, as reference evidence, limits the right of contradiction of the accused. This impact is currently justified in the protection of the best interests of the child or adolescent affected by the crime and his or her non-revictimization. However, Law 906 of 2004 provides for practices that are less invasive of the right of contradiction, which, in turn, expose the victim to a lesser extent and, instead, increase the level of protection of their rights. The practice of advance evidence as a general rule for these cases, even when charges have not been brought, allows: i) to get closer to the victim's statement; ii) to exercise the right of contradiction, even with the protective measures required for these events; iii) to further protect the minor from secondary victimization, given the enhanced protection required from the State and iv) provide the process with a means of proof without affecting the right of contradiction with sufficient evidentiary capacity to issue a conviction.
Non-Singular Gravitational Collapse through Modified Heisenberg Algebra
Creators: name: Barca, Gabriele
name: Montani, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of cut-off physics, in the form of a modified algebra inspired by Polymer Quantum Mechanics and by the Generalized Uncertainty Principle representation, on the collapse of a spherical dust cloud. We analyze both the Newtonian formulation, originally developed by Hunter, and the general relativistic formulation, that is the Oppenheimer-Snyder model; in both frameworks we find that the collapse is stabilized to an asymptotically static state above the horizon, and the singularity is removed. In the Newtonian case, by requiring the Newtonian approximation to be valid, we find lower bounds of the order of unity (in Planck units) for the deformation parameter of the modified algebra. We then study the behaviour of small perturbations on the non-singular collapsing backgrounds, and find that for certain range of the parameters (the polytropic index for the Newtonian case and the sound velocity in the relativistic setting) the collapse is stable to perturbations of all scales, and the non-singular super-Schwarzschild configurations have physical meaning.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures. New upload to match published version
A new inflationary Universe scenario with inhomogeneous quantum vacuum
Creators: name: Chen, Yilin
name: Wang, Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the quantum vacuum and find the fluctuations can lead to the inhomogeneous quantum vacuum. We find that the vacuum fluctuations can significantly influence the cosmological inhomogeneity, which is different from what previously expected. By introducing the modified Green's function, we reach a new inflationary scenario which can explain why the Universe is still expanding without slowing down. We also calculate the tunneling amplitude of the Universe based on the inhomogeneous vacuum. We find that the inhomogeneity can lead to the penetration of the universe over the potential barrier faster than previously thought.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures
A unified approach for showing language containment and equivalence between various types of [omega]-automata
Creators: name: E. M. Clarke
name: I. A. Draghicescu
name: R. P. Kurshan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1989
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "We consider the language containment and equivalence problems for six different types of [omega]-automata: Bu╠êchi, Muller, Rabin, Streett, the L-automata of Kurshan, and the [universal quanitifier] automata of Manna and Pnueli. We give a six by six matrix in which each row and column is associated with one of these types of automata. The entry in the i[superscript th] column is the complexity of showing containment between the i[superscript th] type of automation and j[superscript th]. Thus, for example, we give the complexity of showing language containment and equivalence between a Bu╠êchi automation and a Muller or Streett automation. Our results are obtained by a uniform method that associates a formula of the computation tree logic CTL* with each type of automation.Our algorithms use a model checking procedure for the logic with the formulas obtained from the automata. The results of our paper are important for verification of finite state concurrent systems with fairness constraints. A natural way of reasoning about such systems is to model the finite state program by one [omega]-automation and its specification by another."
New definition of complexity for self-gravitating fluid distributions: The spherically symmetric, static case
Creators: name: Herrera, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forward a new definition of complexity, for static and spherically symmetric self--gravitating systems, based on a quantity, hereafter referred to as complexity factor, that appears in the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann tensor, in the context of general relativity. We start by assuming that the homogeneous (in the energy density) fluid, with isotropic pressure is endowed with minimal complexity. For this kind of fluid distribution, the value of complexity factor is zero. So, the rationale behind our proposal for the definition of complexity factor stems from the fact that it measures the departure, in the value of the active gravitational mass (Tolman mass), with respect to its value for a zero complexity system. Such departure is produced by a specific combination of energy density inhomogeneity and pressure anisotropy. Thus, zero complexity factor may also be found in self--gravitating systems with inhomogeneous energy density and anisotropic pressure, provided the effects of these two factors, on the complexity factor, cancel each other. Some exact interior solutions to the Einstein equations satisfying the zero complexity criterium are found, and prospective applications of this newly defined concept, to the study of the structure and evolution of compact objects, are discussed.
description: 10 pages Revtex. Typos corrected. Published in Phys.Rev.D
Middle Powers and Multilateralism in an Unstable Region – Canada’s Role in a Post-Arab Spring Middle East
Creators: name: Renard, Nora
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020

description: The purpose of this study is to assess and answer the question of, in a highly globalized world where the destabilizing effects of the regional security in the Middle East are felt internationally, should Canada, through multilateralism, employ its middle power status with others political actors of equal calibre, to support cooperation amongst the key Middle Eastern powers: Iran and Saudi Arabia? Following the Arab Spring of 2011, numerous Western nations voiced support and efforts for political reform in the region. Canada appeared to waver and maintained a blasé and reactive foreign policy stance, which could be misconstrued as Canada refusing a leadership role in historically significant events. The research and literature cited will evaluate how global events and alliances that began in the early 20th century and continued into the 21st set the trajectory for how Middle East actors would try to establish dominance at the expense of social progress, especially now, in the wake of the threat to liberal internationalism and the liberal order. The study addresses how regional instability can affect the whole region and spread as far as Canadian shores. This study will present its findings on Canada’s historic role in the region, its role as a middle power, and if working towards regional cooperation amongst historic rivals is a possible solution for the Middle East.
Ingeniería de menús basada en costos de producción, una herramienta para la rentabilidad de los restaurantes
Creators: name: Espín Oleas, Gabriela Alejandra
name: Galarza, Iván
name: Francisco Xavier, Guevara Aroca
Publisher: name: Revista de Gastronomía y Cocina
Year: 2024

description: Un reto en la gestión de restaurantes es evaluar y establecer costos de producción a los servicios. Se aplicó un diseño metodológico con enfoque mixto, en el enfoque cualitativo se usó la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas relacionadas con costos de servicios y la aplicación de una entrevista semiestructurada a dos administradores de restaurantes. Para el enfoque cuantitativo se aplicó el método de ingeniería de menús basado en la literatura de Kasavana, Smith, la técnica del Boston Consulting Group BCG y recomendaciones sobre reingeniería del menú de Noone y Cachia. Los resultados reflejan que existen diferencias al aplicar estas dos metodologías. Este trabajo tiene implicaciones teóricas y prácticas; contribuye a orientar a cómo establecer costos de producción en el sector restaurantes e invita a académicos y profesionales del sector a realizar el análisis del menú basado en costos de producción y no solo en costos de materias.
Speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates with QLoRA-adapted large language models
Creators: name: Bornheim, Tobias
name: Grieger, Niklas
name: Blaneck, Patrick Gustav
name: Bialonski, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The growing body of political texts opens up new opportunities for rich insights into political dynamics and ideologies but also increases the workload for manual analysis. Automated speaker attribution, which detects who said what to whom in a speech event and is closely related to semantic role labeling, is an important processing step for computational text analysis. We study the potential of the large language model family Llama 2 to automate speaker attribution in German parliamentary debates from 2017-2021. We fine-tune Llama 2 with QLoRA, an efficient training strategy, and observe our approach to achieve competitive performance in the GermEval 2023 Shared Task On Speaker Attribution in German News Articles and Parliamentary Debates. Our results shed light on the capabilities of large language models in automating speaker attribution, revealing a promising avenue for computational analysis of political discourse and the development of semantic role labeling systems.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures; peer-reviewed and published in the Journal for Language Technology and Computational Linguistics, available at https://jlcl.org/article/view/244
Universality of electron distributions in extensive air showers
Creators: name: Smialkowski, Andrzej
name: Giller, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on extensive air shower simulations it is shown that the electron distributions with respect to the two angles, determining electron direction at a given shower age, for a fixed electron energy and lateral distance, are universal. It means that the distributions do not depend on the primary particle energy or mass (thus, neither on the interaction model), shower zenith angle or shower to shower fluctuations, if they are taken at the same shower age. Together with previous work showing the universality of the distributions of the electron energy, of the lateral distance (integrated over angles) and of the angle (integrated over lateral distance) for fixed electron energy this paper completes a full universal description of the electron states at various shower ages. Analytical parametrizations of the full electron states are given. It is also shown that some distributions can be described by a smaller than five numbers of variables, the new ones being products of the old ones raised to some powers. The accuracy of the present parametrization is sufficiently good for applying to showers with the primary energy uncertainty of 14% (as it is at the Pierre Auger Observatory). The shower fluctuations in the chosen bins of the multidimensional variable space are about 6%, determining the minimum uncertainty needed for parametrization of the universal distributions. An analytical way of estimation of the effect of the geomagnetic field is given. Thanks to the universality of the electron distributions in any shower a new method of shower reconstruction can be worked out from data of the observatories using the fluorescence technique. The light fluxes (both fluorescence and Cherenkov) for any shower age can be exactly predicted for a shower with any primary energy and shower maximum depth, so that the two quantities can be obtained by best fitting the predictions to the measurements
description: accepted to ApJ
Hacia el buen vivir desde soberanía alimentaria, gobernanza territorial y economía solidaria en la Asociación Campesina AAMPY
Creators: name: Giraldo Acuña, Lina María
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Campesinos
subject: Calidad de vida
subject: Conflicto armado
subject: Buen vivir
subject: Soberanía alimentaria
subject: Gobernanza territorial
subject: Economía solidaría

description: Las mujeres de la Asociación Campesina AAMPY se han tenido que agrupar con el fin de propender una vida digna, buscando generar desarrollo en el territorio. La investigación se realizó en la vereda Playa Rica, conocida como la “Y”, donde se realizaron diálogos semi estructurados y encuestas a un grupo de 9 mujeres, dónde se indagó sobre actividades económicas que promueven la economía solidaria, concepción sobre gobernanza territorial y practicas tendientes a la soberanía alimentaria, con el fin de explorar en qué medida conocerlas o intervenirlas favorecen la construcción del buen vivir en la AMMPY. Entre los resultados se destacan la pobreza de la región, la falta de acceso a servicios públicos, educación y ausencia de vías de acceso, así mismo se identifica que la ganadería es la principal actividad económica, seguida de actividades pecuarias y la agricultura; el principal logro para las mujeres campesinas ha sido crear la asociación, las principales prácticas de soberanía alimentaria son las huertas caseras y cultivos de pan coger, lo que les permite autosostenerse alimentariamente. La propuesta de intervención se centró en el empoderamiento de la mujer campesina para desarrollar el poder de decisión y la autonomía para ejercer un papel más activo como asociadas.
description: The women of the Asociación Campesina AAMPY have had to group together in order to promote a dignified life, seeking to generate development in the territory. The research was conducted in the village of Playa Rica, known as the "Y", where semi-structured dialogues and surveys were conducted with a group of 9 women, to whom I interviewed about economic activities that promote a supportive economy, conception of territorial governance and practices aimed at food sovereignty, in order to explore to what extent knowing them or intervening in them favors the construction of good living in the AMMPY. Among the results, the poverty of the region, the lack of access to public services, education and lack of access roads are highlighted, as well as the fact that cattle is the main economic activity, followed by livestock activities and agriculture; the main achievement for rural women has been to create the association, the main food sovereignty practices are home gardens and food crops for their own sustenance, which allows them to be self-sustaining in terms of food. The intervention proposal focused on the empowerment of rural women to develop decision-making power and autonomy to play a more active role as partners.
Time-Reversal Symmetry, Anomalies, and Dualities in (2+1)$d$
Creators: name: Cordova, Clay
name: Hsin, Po-Shen
name: Seiberg, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study continuum quantum field theories in 2+1 dimensions with time-reversal symmetry $\cal T$. The standard relation ${\cal T}^2=(-1)^F$ is satisfied on all the "perturbative operators" i.e. polynomials in the fundamental fields and their derivatives. However, we find that it is often the case that acting on more complicated operators ${\cal T}^2=(-1)^F {\cal M}$ with $\cal M$ a non-trivial global symmetry. For example, acting on monopole operators, $\cal M$ could be $\pm1$ depending on the magnetic charge. We study in detail $U(1)$ gauge theories with fermions of various charges. Such a modification of the time-reversal algebra happens when the number of odd charge fermions is $2 ~{\rm mod}~4$, e.g. in QED with two fermions. Our work also clarifies the dynamics of QED with fermions of higher charges. In particular, we argue that the long-distance behavior of QED with a single fermion of charge $2$ is a free theory consisting of a Dirac fermion and a decoupled topological quantum field theory. The extension to an arbitrary even charge is straightforward. The generalization of these abelian theories to $SO(N)$ gauge theories with fermions in the vector or in two-index tensor representations leads to new results and new consistency conditions on previously suggested scenarios for the dynamics of these theories. Among these new results is a surprising non-abelian symmetry involving time-reversal.
description: 32 pages, 5 figures. v2: typos corrected, references updated
Propuesta de planificación turística desde un enfoque participativo en la vereda de Santa Lucía, El Encano - Pasto
Creators: name: Flórez Vergara, Iván Mauricio
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecología
subject: Actitudes políticas
subject: Turismo - Administrativo
subject: Planificación turística
subject: Turismo comunitario
subject: Lineamientos para el turismo
subject: Vereda Santa Lucía
subject: Corregimiento El Encano
subject: Pasto

description: Este documento de investigación tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta de lineamientos para la planeación del turismo desde un enfoque participativo para la vereda Santa Lucía; para ello, se hace uso de un enfoque cualitativo y un tipo de investigación descriptivo donde se analizan las características del fenómeno estudiado. Se hace uso de técnicas como la entrevista y talleres con la comunidad aplicados a líderes del territorio, instituciones públicas y actores de la cadena del sector turismo de Pasto. De igual manera se utiliza la observación y el rastreo bibliográfico en fuentes secundarias que contribuyen a dar un sustento científico a los datos hallados. Los principales resultados muestran que el desarrollo turístico en el territorio aún es incipiente, pero hasta el momento se han logrado ciertos avances a nivel económico para los residentes y frente a la visibilidad que se ha generado en instituciones gubernamentales que han contribuido a mejorar las fachadas, implementar señalética turística y mejorar la apariencia física de las viviendas. A pesar de ello, el control de impactos en el territorio ha sido deficiente ya que el turismo no se ha gestionado bajo lineamientos de planificación que sean sostenibles y que logren minimizar las consecuencias que a hoy ya se evidencian a nivel ambiental.
description: Using a participatory approach, this study proposes guidelines for tourism planning for Santa Lucía village, Nariño, Colombia. The characteristics of the phenomenon studied are analyzed using a qualitative approach and descriptive research methods. Several techniques are used to capture information from local leaders, public institutions, and tourism sector members in Pasto, Nariño, Colombia. Similarly, observation and bibliographic tracing contribute to providing scientific evidence to support the data reported in secondary sources. There is still an incipient level of tourism development in the territory, based on the main results. However, to date, certain advancements have been achieved economically for residents and due to the visibility generated in government institutions, which has led to physical improvements, the implementation of tourist signage, and the improvement of the physical appearance of homes. Despite the efforts, there have been deficiencies in controlling the impacts on the territory. This has resulted in tourism being managed without adhering to sustainable planning guidelines, which in turn has led to environmental consequences that are already evident today.
An Off-Axis Galaxy Cluster Merger: Abell 0141
Creators: name: Caglar, Turgay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present structural analysis results of Abell 0141 ($z$ = 0.23) based on X-ray data. The X-ray luminosity map demonstrates that Abell 0141 (A0141) is a bimodal galaxy cluster, which is separated on the sky by $\sim$ 0.65 Mpc with an elongation along the north-south direction. The optical galaxy density map also demonstrates this bimodality. We estimate sub-cluster ICM temperatures of 5.17$^{+0.20}_{-0.19}$ keV for A0141N and 5.23$^{+0.24}_{-0.23}$ keV for A0141S. We obtain X-ray morphological parameters w = 0.034$\pm{0.004}$, c = 0.113$\pm{0.004}$ and w = 0.039$\pm{0.004}$, c = 0.104$\pm{0.005}$ for A0141N and A0141S, respectively. The resulting X-ray morphological parameters indicate that both sub-clusters are moderately disturbed non-cool core structures. We find a slight brightness jump in the bridge region, and yet, there is still an absence of strong X-ray emitting gas between sub-clusters. We discover a significantly hotspot ($\sim$ 10 keV) between sub-clusters, and a Mach number $\textit{M}$ = 1.69$^{+0.40}_{-0.37}$ is obtained by using the temperature jump condition. However, we did not find direct evidence for shock-heating between sub-clusters. We estimate the sub-clusters' central entropies as $K_{0}$ > 100 keV cm$^{2}$, which indicates that the sub-clusters are not cool cores. We find some evidence that the system undergoes an off-axis collision; however, the cores of each sub-clusters have not yet been destroyed. Due to the orientation of X-ray tails of sub-clusters, we suggest that the northern sub-cluster moves through the south-west direction, and the southern cluster moves through the north-east direction. In conclusion, we are witnessing an earlier phase of close core passage between sub-clusters.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Large-area polycrystalline $α$-MoO3 thin films for IR photonics
Creators: name: Larciprete, Maria Cristina
name: Ceneda, Daniele
name: Yang, Chiyu
name: Dereshgi, Sina Abedini
name: Lupo, Federico Vittorio
name: Casaletto, Maria Pia
name: Macaluso, Roberto
name: Antezza, Mauro
name: Zhang, Zhuomin M.
name: Centini, Marco
name: Aydin, Koray
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, excitation of surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs) in van der Waals materials received wide attention from the nanophotonics community. Alpha-phase Molybdenum trioxide ($α$-MoO3), a naturally occurring biaxial hyperbolic crystal, emerged as a promising polaritonic material due to its ability to support SPhPs for three orthogonal directions at different wavelength bands (range 10-20 $μ$m). Here, we report on the fabrication and IR characterization of large-area (over 1 cm$^2$ size) $α$-MoO3 polycrystalline films deposited on fused silica substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Single alpha-phase MoO3 films exhibiting a polarization-dependent reflection peak at 1006 cm$^{-1}$ with a resonance Q-factor as high as 53 were achieved. Reflection can be tuned via changing incident polarization with a dynamic range of $Δ$R=0.3 at 45 deg. incidence angle. We also report a polarization-independent almost perfect absorption condition (R<0.01) at 972 cm$^{-1}$ which is preserved for a broad angle of incidence. The development of a low-cost polaritonic platform with high-Q resonances in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) range is crucial for a wide number of functionalities including sensors, filters, thermal emitters, and label-free biochemical sensing devices. In this framework our findings appear extremely promising for the further development of lithography-free, scalable films, for efficient and large-scale devices operating in the free space, using far-field detection setups.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
A Type-Theoretic Interpretation of Standard ML
Creators: name: Harper, Robert
name: Stone, Christopher
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It has been nearly twenty years since Robin Milner introduced ML as the metalanguage of the LCF interactive theorem prover [5]. His elegant use of abstract types to ensure validity of machine-generated proofs, combined with his innovative and flexible polymorphic type discipline, and supported by his rigorous proof of soundness for the language, inspired a large body of research into the type structure of programming languages.1 As a design tool type theory gives substance to informal ideas such as "orthogonality" and "safety" and provides a framework for evaluating and comparing languages. As an implementation tool type theory provides a framework for structuring compilers and supports the use of efficient data representations even in the presence of polymorphism [28, 27].
Lorentz-diffeomorphism edge modes in 3d gravity
Creators: name: Geiller, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proper definition of subsystems in gauge theory and gravity requires an extension of the local phase space by including edge mode fields. Their role is on the one hand to restore gauge invariance with respect to gauge transformations supported on the boundary, and on the other hand to parametrize the largest set of boundary symmetries which can arise if both the gauge parameters and the dynamical fields are unconstrained at the boundary. In this work we construct the extended phase space for three-dimensional gravity in first order connection and triad variables. There, the edge mode fields consist of a choice of coordinate frame on the boundary and a choice of Lorentz frame on the bundle, which together constitute the Lorentz-diffeomorphism edge modes. After constructing the extended symplectic structure and proving its gauge invariance, we study the boundary symmetries and the integrability of their generators. We find that the infinite-dimensional algebra of boundary symmetries with first order variables is the same as that with metric variables, and explain how this can be traced back to the expressions for the diffeomorphism Noether charge in both formulations. This concludes the study of extended phase spaces and edge modes in three-dimensional gravity, which was done previously by the author in the BF and Chern-Simons formulations.
description: 16+10 pages
A Type Theory for Memory Allocation and Data Layout (Extended Version)
Creators: name: Leaf  Petersen
name: Harper, Robert
name: Crary, Karl
name: Pfenning, Frank
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1967
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Ordered type theory is an extension of linear type theory in which variables in the context may be neither dropped nor re-ordered. This restriction gives rise to a natural notion of adjacency. We show that a language based on ordered types can use this property to give an exact account of the layout of data in memory. The fuse constructor from ordered logic describes adjacency of values in memory, and the mobility modal describes pointers into the heap. We choose a particular allocation model based on a common implementation scheme for copying garbage collection and show how this permits us to separate out the allocation and initialization of memory locations in such a way as to account for optimizations such as the coalescing of multiple calls to the allocator.
Support-based transfer and contacting of individual nanomaterials for in-situ nanoscale investigations
Creators: name: Hettler, Simon
name: Furqan, Mohammad
name: Arenal, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Although in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of nanomaterials has been gaining importance in recent years, difficulties in sample preparation have limited the number of studies on electrical properties. Here, a support-based preparation method of individual 1D and 2D materials is presented, which yields a reproducible sample transfer for electrical investigation by in-situ TEM. Using a mechanically rigid support grid allows the reproducible transfer and contacting to in-situ chips by focused ion beam with minimum damage and contamination. The transfer quality is assessed by exemplary studies of different nanomaterials, including a monolayer of WS2. Preliminary results from in-situ test experiments give an overview of possible studies, which concern the interplay between structural properties and electrical characteristics on the individual nanomaterial level as well as failure analysis under electrical current or studies of electromigration, Joule heating and related effects. The TEM measurements can be enriched by additional correlative microscopy techniques, which allow the study with a spatial resolution in the range of a few microns. Although developed for in-situ TEM, the present transfer method is also applicable to transferring nanomaterials to similar chips for performing further studies or even for using them in potential electrical/optoelectronic/sensing devices.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Winnipeg gathering of the Future of First Nations, Inuit and Métis Broadcasting: Conversation & Convergence series
Creators: name: Compton, Jim
name: Deerchild, Rosanna
name: Farmer, Gary
name: Kulchyski, Peter
name: Monkman, Lenard
name: Morrisseau, Miles
name: Ouellette, Robert-Falcon
name: Philips, Trevor
name: Spillet, Leslie
name: Wheeler, Kim
name: Buddle, Kathleen
name: Gagnon, John
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2017
Subjects: First Nations
Inuit
Métis
Radio
Broadcasting
Magazine
Policy
Canada

description: A collection of documents, audio recordings, and programming resulting from the first gathering of the Future of First Nations, Inuit and Métis Broadcasting: Conversation & Convergence series held in Winnipeg, Manitoba on February 17th, 2017.
title: THE DEARTH OF CHEMICALLY ENRICHED WARM-HOT CIRCUMGALACTIC GAS
Creators: name: Yao, Y
name: Wang, QD
name: Penton, SV
name: Tripp, TM
name: Shull, JM
name: Stocke, JT
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: cosmology: observations
subject: intergalactic medium
subject: quasars: absorption lines
subject: X-rays: general
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://iopscience.iop.org/0004-637X/716/2/1514
description: The circumgalactic medium (CGM) around galaxies is believed to record various forms of galaxy feedback and contain a significant portion of the "missing baryons" of individual dark matter halos. However, clear observational evidence for the existence of the hot CGM is still absent. We use intervening galaxies along 12 background active galactic nuclei (AGNs) as tracers to search for X-ray absorption lines produced in the corresponding CGM. Stacking Chandra grating observations with respect to galaxy groups and different luminosities of these intervening galaxies, we obtain spectra with signal-to-noise ratios of 46-72 per 20 mÅ spectral bin at the expected O VII Kα line. We find no detectable absorption lines of C VI, N VII, O VII, O VIII, or Ne IX. The high spectral quality allows us to tightly constrain upper limits to the corresponding ionic column densities (in particular ). These nondetections are inconsistent with the Local Group hypothesis of the X-ray absorption lines at z 0 commonly observed in the spectra of AGNs. These results indicate that the putative CGM in the temperature range of 105.5-106.3 K may not be able to account for the missing baryons unless the metallicity is less than 10% solar.
A type system for well-founded recursion
Creators: name: Dreyer, Derek R.
name: Harper, Robert
name: Crary, Karl
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "In the interest of designing a recursive module extension to ML that is as simple and general as possible, we propose a novel type system for general recursion over effectful expressions. The presence of effects seems to necessitate a backpatching semantics for recursion based on Scheme's. Our type system ensures statically that recursion is well-founded (that the body of a recursive expression will evaluate without attempting to access the undefined recursive variable), which avoids some unnecessary run-time costs associated with backpatching. To ensure well-founded recursion in the presence of multiple recursive variables and separate compilation, we track the usage of individual recursive variables, represented statically by 'names'. So that our type system may eventually be integrated smoothly into ML's, reasoning involving names is only required inside code that uses our recursive construct and does not need to infect existing ML code."
Efectividad de las personerías municipales del sur del área metropolitana del Valle de Aburrá, en la protección del derecho colectivo al medio ambiente sano: 2016-2019
Creators: name: Giraldo Serna, Keny Willer
Publisher: name: Universidad Externado de Colombia
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medio ambiente
subject: Acciones populares
subject: Derechos humanos
subject: Protección del medio ambiente
subject: Personero municipal
subject: Acción popular
subject: Personeros municipales – Antioquia, Colombia
subject: Personero municipal – Historia

description: Con el fin de evaluar la eficacia en la protección efectiva del derecho al medio ambiente sano por parte de los personeros municipales del sur del Valle de Aburrá en el período 2016-2019, a través del uso del mecanismo de la acción popular, en principio se abordó un análisis en relación al surgimiento de los derechos humanos y su posterior evolución en cuanto al surgimiento de otro tipo de derechos, como consecuencia de la aparición de nuevas condiciones sociales y económicas; así como de los mecanismos que de manera particular consagra nuestro ordenamiento para su protección. De igual forma, se hizo referencia a la figura del personero municipal en cuanto a sus orígenes, así como lo relativo a sus funciones, entre las que primordialmente se encuentra la protección del aludido derecho, contando para ello como herramienta principal la acción popular, y como fue indicado anteriormente, este mecanismo se encuentra elevado a rango constitucional con el artículo 88 en la Constitución Política de Colombia.
description: In order to evaluate the effectiveness in the effective protection of the right to a healthy environment by the municipal ombudsmen of the south of Valle de Aburrá in the period 2016-2019, through the use of the popular action mechanism, in principle an analysis was addressed in relation to the emergence of human rights and their subsequent evolution in terms of the emergence of other types of rights, as a result of the emergence of new social and economic conditions; as well as the mechanisms that in a particular way our legal system enshrines for their protection. Likewise, reference was made to the figure of the municipal ombudsman as to its origins, as well as its functions, among which primarily is the protection of the aforementioned right, counting for it as main tool the popular action, and as previously indicated, this mechanism is elevated to constitutional rank with Article 88 in the Political Constitution of Colombia.
Inventory of marketing techniques used in child-appealing food and beverage research: a rapid review
Creators: name: Mulligan, Christine
name: Potvin Kent, Monique
name: Christoforou, Anthea K
name: L'Abbé, Mary R
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Children’s nutrition
Food and beverage marketing
Marketing restrictions
Marketing to children
Persuasive marketing techniques
Public health policy

description: Objectives: Restrictions on child-appealing food and beverage marketing have been prioritized globally. However, the concept of “child-appealing marketing” has not been consistently defined, leading to variability in policies and research. The objective of this review was therefore to generate an inventory of the marketing techniques that have been used in research to identify child-appealing marketing. Methods: Based on WHO guidelines, this review identified primary research that analyzed child-appealing marketing techniques, using the OVID Medline database and hand searches in Google Scholar and PubMed. All marketing techniques were extracted, counted, and synthesized into an inventory, organized thematically and by popularity. Results: From 133 publications, 1421 marketing techniques were extracted (mean 10.7/publication; range: 1–66). The final inventory included 117 techniques; the “use of characters, children, and actors” was the most popular theme. Conclusions: The inventory and categorization generated by this research can be used for informing future research and for alerting policy-makers globally to the breadth of child-appealing food and beverage marketing techniques, helping move toward a consistent and comprehensive definition of child-appealing marketing in regulations aimed at restricting this type of marketing.
Secukinumab treatment of psoriatic arthritis in real world: Achievement of fast response results in effective and lasting treatment outcomes
Creators: name: Mackay, Sina
name: Kugler, Sabine
name: Schulz, Daniel
name: Klippstein, Maximilian
name: Kiltz, Uta
name: Brandt-Jürgens, Jan
name: Gmeiner, Benjamin
name: Vodencarevic, Asmir
name: Peterlik, Daniel
name: Wendt, Guillaume
name: Behrens, Frank
name: Köhm, Michaela
name: :Unav
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2022

description: Background: Individualized treatment strategies are of high importance in the treatment of patients with chronic immune-mediated diseases such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA). IL17 inhibition has demonstrated good efficacy on all manifestations of PsA but in some patients a lack of efficacy can be observed. To analyze patient characteristics leading to treatment response patterns in PsA patients, data from the German non-interventional study “AQUILA” (Kiltz et al. 2019) was analyzed. Methods: The non-interventional study “AQUILA” includes, in addition to patients with axial spondyloarthritis, patients with active PsA. In the current analysis patients started treatment within a period of 4 weeks around their baseline visit (V1) and were followed-up over 52 weeks (V2-V6). Response in this cohort was defined as a combination of patient- (PsAID-12) and physician-derived (PhGA) assessments. Patients who reached a state of remission (PsAID-12 ≤ 1.4 and PhGA ≤ 1) or adequate improvement (20% improvement in PsAID-12 and PhGA compared to baseline) at any time during the study period were considered responders. A fast response was defined as reaching at least adequate improvement within the first 8 weeks of treatment (V2), all other responses were considered as late responses. Results: A cohort of 914 PsA patients was analyzed and divided into 3 subgroups (Table 1). Among fast responders, number of smokers was significantly lower (p=0.009) with a lower median BMI (p=0.004). Fast response was associated with a stronger and longer lasting therapy effect during further study course compared to late response: 50% response (p=0.003), remission state (p=0,019) and measurable response at week 52 (p=0.051) according to the definitions above were observed more often. Conclusion: Our results show that secukinumab is an effective biologic treatment in PsA patients. As with every available treatment option, its response is dependent on demographics and disease characteristics. The results underline the dependency of fast response on clinical phenotype. Fast responders seem to benefit from both fast alleviation of symptoms and longer lasting treatment effects.