cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Harmonised LUCAS in-situ data and photos on land cover and use from 5 tri-annual surveys in the European Union
Creators: name: d'Andrimont, Raphaël
name: Yordanov, Momchil
name: Martinez-Sanchez, Laura
name: Eiselt, Beatrice
name: Palmieri, Alessandra
name: Dominici, Paolo
name: Gallego, Javier
name: Reuter, Hannes Isaak
name: Joebges, Christian
name: Lemoine, Guido
name: van der Velde, Marijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Accurately characterizing land surface changes with Earth Observation requires geo-localized ground truth. In the European Union (EU), a tri-annual surveyed sample of land cover and land use has been collected since 2006 under the Land Use/Cover Area frame Survey (LUCAS). A total of 1,351,293 observations at 651,780 unique locations for 117 variables along with 5.4 million photos were collected during five LUCAS surveys. Until now, these data have never been harmonised into one database, limiting full exploitation of the information. This paper describes the LUCAS point sampling/surveying methodology, including collection of standard variables such as land cover, environmental parameters, and full resolution landscape and point photos, and then describes the harmonisation process. The resulting harmonised database is the most comprehensive in-situ dataset on land cover and use in the EU. The database is valuable for geo-spatial and statistical analysis of land use and land cover change. Furthermore, its potential to provide multi-temporal in-situ data will be enhanced by recent computational advances such as deep learning.
Existence results for some problems on Riemannian manifolds
Creators: name: Bisci, Giovanni Molica
name: Vilasi, Luca
name: Repovš, Dušan D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 35A15, 35S15, 49J35, Secondary: 45G05, 47G20

description: By using variational techniques we provide new existence results for Yamabe-type equations with subcritical perturbations set on a compact $d$-dimensional ($d\geq 3$) Riemannian manifold without boundary. As a direct consequence of our main theorems, we prove the existence of at least one solution to the following singular Yamabe-type problem $$ \left\lbrace \begin{array}{ll} -Δ_g w + α(σ)w = μK(σ) w^\frac{d+2}{d-2} +λ\left( w^{r-1} + f(w)\right), \quad σ\in\mathcal{M} &\\ &\\ w\in H^2_α(\mathcal{M}), \quad w>0 \ \ \mbox{in} \ \ \mathcal{M} & \end{array} \right.$$ where, as usual, $Δ_g$ denotes the Laplace-Beltrami operator on $(\mathcal{M},g)$, $α, K:\mathcal{M}\to\mathbb{R}$ are positive (essentially) bounded functions, $r\in(0,1)$, and $f:[0,+\infty)\to[0,+\infty)$ is a subcritical continuous function. Restricting ourselves to the unit sphere ${\mathbb{S}}^d$ via the stereographic projection, we also solve some parametrized Emden-Fowler equations in the Euclidean case.
Dynamically screened vertex correction to $GW$
Creators: name: Pavlyukh, Y.
name: Stefanucci, G.
name: van Leeuwen, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diagrammatic perturbation theory is a powerful tool for the investigation of interacting many-body systems, the self-energy operator $Σ$ encoding all the variety of scattering processes. In the simplest scenario of correlated electrons described by the $GW$ approximation for the electron self-energy, a particle transfers a part of its energy to neutral excitations. Higher-order (in screened Coulomb interaction $W$) self-energy diagrams lead to improved electron spectral functions (SF) by taking more complicated scattering channels into account and by adding corrections to lower order self-energy terms. However, they also may lead to unphysical negative spectral function. The resolution of this difficulty has been demonstrated in our previous works. The main idea is to represent the self-energy operator in a Fermi Golden rule form which leads to the manifestly positive definite SF and allows for a very efficient numerical algorithm. So far, the method has only been applied to 3D electron gas, which is a paradigmatic system, but a rather simple one. Here, we systematically extend the method to 2D including realistic systems such as mono and bilayer graphene. We focus on one of the most important vertex function effects involving the exchange of two particles in the final state. We demonstrate that it should be evaluated with the proper screening and discuss its influence on the quasiparticle properties.
Additional file 1 of Conservation of intron and intein insertion sites: implications for life histories of parasitic genetic elements
Creators: name: Swithers, Kristen S
name: Alireza G Senejani
name: Fournier, Gregory P
name: J Peter Gogarten
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table of p-values and alignment profiles for additional 37 intein, group I or group II host proteins. Arrows point to intron or intein positions. Blue dots indicate intein positions, green dots group I intron positions, and orange dots group II intron positions. (PDF 2 MB)
Additional file 1 of Computational intractability law molds the topology of biological networks
Creators: name: Atiia, Ali A.
name: Hopper, Corbin
name: Inoue, Katsumi
name: Vidal, Silvia
name: Waldispühl, Jérôme
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1 Supplementary material Figures S1 to S17 and Tables S1 - S4.
Phytochemistry and biological activities of selected Colombian medicinal plants
Creators: name: López Sarria, Andrés Augusto
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis deals with the search for antibiotic compounds in medicinal plants traditionally used in the treatment of skin morbid conditions by First Nations People in Colombia. The plant collection was carried out in four culturally and geographically different regions of Colombia. Twenty-four chemical plant extracts were screened against different Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, yeast and viruses. The plant extract from Piper lanceaefolium exhibited good activity against the yeast Candida albicans and the one from Iryanthera megistophylla displayed very good activity against herpes simplex virus and Staphylococcus aureus MS (methicillin-sensitive). Four compounds, not described in the literature, were isolated and further characterised from Piper lanceaefolium. Phytochemical analyses of Iryanthera megistophylla carried out by Dr. Dong Sheng Ming led to the isolation of two new compounds and seven known compounds. Amongst the known compounds a flavolignan, iryantherin K, presented potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus MS (methicillinsensitive) and more importantly against Staphylococcus aureus MR (methicillinresistant). Iryantherin K and its stereoisomer iryantherin L also exhibited good inhibition of the Candida albicans secreted aspartic protease, which is a virulent factor in Candida infections. The therapeutic potential that is offered by iryantherin K justifies a further toxicological and pharmacological assessment in animal models.
Dynamics of a domain wall and spin-wave excitations driven by a mesoscopic current
Creators: name: Ohe, Jun-ichiro
name: Kramer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The dynamics of a domain wall driven by a spin-polarized current in a mesoscopic system is studied numerically. Spin-mixing in the states of the conduction electrons is fully taken into account. When the Fermi energy of the electrons is larger than the exchange energy ($E_{\rm F}>J_{\rm sd}$), the spin precession induces spin wave excitations in the local spins which contribute towards the displacement of the domain wall. The resulting average velocity is found to be much smaller than the one obtained in the adiabatic limit. For $E_{\rm F}
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Magnetic order and moment distribution in doped spin-chain systems
Creators: name: Eggert, Sebastian
name: Affleck, Ian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the effect of doping on the magnetic order in quasi one-dimensional (1D) antiferromagnets. First the detailed magnetic response of finite spin-1/2 chains in the presence of a staggered field is determined, which by itself shows an interesting crossover as function of length and field strength. We can then understand the ordering by including an effective coupling between the chains, which results in a Neel ordered phase at low temperatures, but with a broad distribution of magnetic moments that has to be determined self-consistently.
description: 2 pages, 1 figure. Latest pdf-file is available at http://www.physik.uni-kl.de/eggert/papers/magorder.pdf
On the Leading ORder Hadronic Contribution to (g-2)_mu
Creators: name: Maltman, Kim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sum rule constraints dominated by the independent high-scale input, alpha_s(M_Z), are shown to be satisfied by I=1 spectral data from hadronic tau decays, but violated by the pre-2005 electroproduction (EM) cross-section data. Determinations of the Standard Model (SM) hadronic contribution to (g-2)_mu incorporating tau decay data are thus favored over those based solely on EM data, implying a SM prediction for (g-2)_mu in agreement with current experimental results.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure; prepared for the proceedings of PANIC'05
Contour-improved versus fixed-order perturbation theory in hadronic tau decays
Creators: name: Jamin, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The hadronic decay rate of the tau lepton serves as one of the most precise determinations of the QCD coupling alpha_s. The dominant theoretical source of uncertainty at present resides in the seeming disparity of two approaches to improving the perturbative expansion with the help of the renormalisation group, namely fixed-order and contour-improved perturbation theory. In this work it is demonstrated that in fact both approaches yield compatible results. However, the fixed-order series is found to oscillate around the contour-improved result with an oscillation frequency of approximately six perturbative orders, approaching it until about the 30th order, after which the expansion reveals its asymptotic nature. Additionally, the renormalisation scale and scheme dependencies of the perturbative series for the tau hadronic width are investigated in detail.
description: 20 pages, 5 eps-figures; discussion on scale and scheme dependence added as compared to published journal version JHEP 09 (2005) 058
Additional file 1 of Applying critical systems thinking to social prescribing: a relational model of stakeholder “buy-in”
Creators: name: Fixsen, Alison
name: Seers, Helen
name: Polley, Marie
name: Robins, Jo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Service user interview schedule: List of open questions used as a guide during the semi-structured interviews with service users for the qualitative arm of the service evaluation Shropshire social prescribing project.
The Formation and Evolution of Protostellar Disks; 3D AMR Hydro-Simulations of Collapsing, Rotating Bonnor-Ebert-Spheres
Creators: name: Banerjee, Robi
name: Pudritz, Ralph E.
name: Holmes, Lindsay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of the collapse of molecular cloud cores using high resolution 3D adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) numerical simulations. In this first in a series of investigations our initial conditions consists of spherical molecular core obeying the hydrostatic Bonnor-Ebert-Profile with varying degrees of initial rotation. Our simulations cover both the formation of massive disks in which massive stars form as well as low mass disks. We use a customized version of the FLASH code whose AMR technique allows us to follow the formation of a protstellar disk and protostellar core(s) through more than ten orders in density increase while continuously resolving the local Jeans length (i.e. obeying the Truelove criterion, Truelove et al. (1997)). Our numerical simulations also incorporate the energy loss due to molecular line emission in order to obtain a more realistic picture of protostellar core and disk formation. Out initial states model system of mass 168 M_sol and 2.1 M_sol that will form high and low mass stars, respectively. We follow many features such as the development complex shock structures, and the possible fragmentation of the disk. We find that slowly rotating cores (Omega t_ff = 0.1) produce disks in which a strong bar develops but which does not fragment. Faster initial rotation rates (Omega t_ff = 0.2) result in the formation of a ring which may fragment into two star-forming cores. The size of the rings found in our simulated disks agree with the observations of similar systems.
description: 25 pages, 30 figures, mn2e style, accepted for publication in MNRAS, a version with higher resolution figures can be downloaded from http://www.physics.mcmaster.ca/~banerjee/BE-paper.pdf
Additional file 1 of Refinement of cg05575921 demethylation response in nascent smoking
Creators: name: Dawes, Kelsey
name: Andersen, Allan
name: Papworth, Emma
name: Hundley, Brandon
name: Hutchens, Natasha
name: Manawy, Heba El
name: Becker, Ashley
name: Sampson, Luke
name: Philibert, Willem
name: Gibbons, Frederick X.
name: Gerrard, Meg
name: Philibert, Robert
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Abbreviated child version of the Semi-structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism.
Improving the Performance of Deep Quantum Optimization Algorithms with Continuous Gate Sets
Creators: name: Lacroix, Nathan
name: Hellings, Christoph
name: Andersen, Christian Kraglund
name: Di Paolo, Agustin
name: Remm, Ants
name: Lazar, Stefania
name: Krinner, Sebastian
name: Norris, Graham J.
name: Gabureac, Mihai
name: Blais, Alexandre
name: Eichler, Christopher
name: Wallraff, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Variational quantum algorithms are believed to be promising for solving computationally hard problems and are often comprised of repeated layers of quantum gates. An example thereof is the quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA), an approach to solve combinatorial optimization problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) systems. Gaining computational power from QAOA critically relies on the mitigation of errors during the execution of the algorithm, which for coherence-limited operations is achievable by reducing the gate count. Here, we demonstrate an improvement of up to a factor of 3 in algorithmic performance as measured by the success probability, by implementing a continuous hardware-efficient gate set using superconducting quantum circuits. This gate set allows us to perform the phase separation step in QAOA with a single physical gate for each pair of qubits instead of decomposing it into two C$Z$-gates and single-qubit gates. With this reduced number of physical gates, which scales with the number of layers employed in the algorithm, we experimentally investigate the circuit-depth-dependent performance of QAOA applied to exact-cover problem instances mapped onto three and seven qubits, using up to a total of 399 operations and up to 9 layers. Our results demonstrate that the use of continuous gate sets may be a key component in extending the impact of near-term quantum computers.
A waitlist control group study of neurobehavioural outcome from unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy in advanced Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Carr, Jason Andrew Robert
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: There is evidence to suggest unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy (PVP) effectively treats aspects of the motor disabilities associated with advanced Parkinson's disease. However, neurobehavioural outcome from PVP is less well understood. In particular, the possibility of uncontrolled practice effects has prevented a full accounting of the cognitive sequelae of PVP, and little research has examined the widely held belief that dementia is associated with poorer surgical outcome. To address these issues, this research investigated neurobehavioural outcome from PVP in a manner that controlled for test practice, and examined the relationship between pre-operative level of cognitive functioning and surgical outcome. Participants underwent baseline and two-month follow-up assessments. The surgery group underwent PVP (15 left, 7 right) after baseline assessment, while the waitlist group (n = 14) underwent PVP after follow-up. At follow-up, the waitlist and right PVP groups performed better than the left PVP group on verbal measures of list learning, fluency, working memory, and speeded color naming. The incidence of individual decline on these measures after left PVP was high. On retesting, the waitlist group demonstrated a mixed profile of improvement and decline on the cognitive measures, and changes were one quarter of a standard deviation or larger on one quarter of the measures. Pre-surgical level of cognitive functioning was not related to cognitive outcome. At follow-up, members of the surgery group reported lower bodily pain and better social functioning than waitlisted participants. The incidence of significant individual improvement was high for bodily pain but not social functioning. Higher pre-operative level of cognitive functioning was associated with greater improvement in social functioning, vitality and fatigue/inertia, depression/dejection, and anger/hostility. In conclusion, patients who undergo left PVP exhibit decline in circumscribed verbal abilities. Controlling for practice effects did not increase the breadth of cognitive decline evident after PVP beyond that typically reported in the literature. Lower pre-operative cognitive functioning may be associated with smaller post-surgical improvements in quality of life and mood. In future research it will be important to focus attention on outcome amongst individuals who underwent right PVP, and individuals functioning at a lower cognitive level pre-operatively.
An Optimization Model for the Banana Northern Prawn Fishery
Creators: name: Valle De Souza, Simone
name: Gondro, Cedric
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
name: Valle De Souza, Simone
name: Gondro, Cedric
name: Cacho, Oscar J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: fisheries management
subject: Australia
subject: optimal control
subject: profit maximisation
subject: banana prawns.

description: This study presents an optimal control model of the Banana Northern Prawn Fishery, one of the most important fisheries in Australia. The life cycle of this species involves migration between the sea, where the catch takes place, and the estuary, where post-larvae and juveniles develop. The model combines a stage-matrix population dynamics model and an economic model of sustainable catch. The controls involve the amount of effort allowed and the length of the fishing season. Life stages are defined in terms of prawn size, allowing catch revenue to be adjusted to the expected proportion of specific sized classes caught in a particular month of the year, hence providing a more realistic projection of profits when price is influenced by size. The model is calibrated based on 18 years of detailed catch data.
Temporary Migration, Remittances and Agriculture
Creators: name: Vanzetti, David
name: Vanzetti, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: International Development
subject: Migration
subject: trade
subject: GATS mode 4

description: Discussions within the World Trade Organization on the temporary movement of labour across borders have met with limited success, in spite of the potential benefits to both home and destination countries. Developed countries have been reluctant to allow increased immigration because of concerns about the social and economic impacts of integrating foreign workers. Recently available bilateral data on current migration flows, differences in wages and remittances makes it possible to estimate the potential impacts of temporary migration on wages and national income. Using a general equilibrium model that separates skilled and unskilled labour, we show that a three per cent increase in the labour force due to increased migration would increase national income in Australia and New Zealand by an estimated US$5 billion annually. Remittances sent abroad would amount to an additional US$750 million. Most developing country regions would benefit. More specifically, allowing in 10,000 temporary unskilled workers to work in the agricultural sector in Australia generates estimated welfare gains of US$100 million.
Additional file 1 of Mental health and smoking cessation—a population survey in England
Creators: name: Brose, Leonie S.
name: Brown, Jamie
name: McNeill, Ann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Weighted prevalence of individual diagnoses. Table S2. Unadjusted associations with triggers. Table S3. Unadjusted associations with triggers continued. Table S4. Unadjusted associations with support used. Table S5. Unadjusted associations with quit success. Table S6. Weighted success rates by support used and mental health status.
Impact of Tariff Reductions in NAMA and Agriculture WTO Negotiations on GCC Common External Tariffs
Creators: name: Vanzetti, David
name: Peters, Ralf
name: Vanzetti, David
name: Peters, Ralf
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The Gulf countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and United Arab Emirates) have a common external tariff that is unusually low with the exception of selected products such as alcohol and tobacco. As exporters of oil and gas and importers of agricultural products, the GCC is interested in the impacts of tariffs reductions in these products following the eventual completion of the Doha round. Of particular interest are four sectors (raw materials, gas-related goods, fisheries and chemicals), in which it is hoped tariffs will be eliminated. This will improve market access for the GCC countries, but it may also increase the competition depending on the initial bilateral tariffs. In agriculture, rising import prices driven by policy changes occurring elsewhere will increase import costs in the GCC countries. Potential gains and losses are identified using a bilateral trade model.
Simulating Astro-E2 Observations of Galaxy Clusters: the Case of Turbulent Cores Affected by Tsunamis
Creators: name: Fujita, Yutaka
name: Matsumoto, Tomoaki
name: Wada, Keiichi
name: Furusho, Tae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first attempt to construct detailed X-ray spectra of clusters of galaxies from the results of high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations and simulate X-ray observations in order to study velocity fields of the intracluster medium (ICM). The hydrodynamic simulations are based on the recently proposed tsunami model, in which cluster cores are affected by bulk motions of the ICM and turbulence is produced. We note that most other solutions of the cooling flow problem also involve the generation of turbulence in cluster cores. From the mock X-ray observations with Astro-E2 XRS, we find that turbulent motion of the ICM in cluster cores could be detected with the satellite. The Doppler shifts of the metal lines could be used to discriminate among turbulence models. The gas velocities measured through the mock observations are consistent with the line-emission weighted values inferred directly from hydrodynamic simulations.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, ApJL in press. Movies are available at http://th.nao.ac.jp/tsunami/index.htm
How do Different Countries use PDO/GI Standards: A Case Study Comparing Wisconsin Cheddar to Parmesan-Reggiano
Creators: name: House, Lisa
name: Patel, Payal
name: Thomas, Spreen
name: House, Lisa
name: Patel, Payal
name: Thomas, Spreen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Protected Geographic Indicators (PGI) and Product Differentiation of Origination (PDO) are products that are linked to certain regions or countries that define them based on where they are produced, prepared and/or packaged before they are sold. However, the exact interpretation of PGI/PDOs is not synonymous around the world, leading to disputes over trade barriers between nations. The goal of this paper is to discuss the quality and safety control issues that go into the production of PGI/PDOs as well as trade regulations that are currently being discussed at the World Trade Organization’s Doha multilateral trade agreements meetings. A comparison of how countries mark PGI/PDO products is made by comparing two cheese industries: Wisconsin Cheddar from the United States and Parmigiano Reggiano from Italy. In theory, the World Trade Organization has a product labeling agreement that was created in 1979 under the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. However, as is most common, problems arise when countries begin to use their own forms of labeling, therefore resulting in barriers of trade between countries (WTO). Due to diverse thought among producers in different countries, there are often incentives that lead to different product labeling.
Representative Graph Neural Network
Creators: name: Yu, Changqian
name: Liu, Yifan
name: Gao, Changxin
name: Shen, Chunhua
name: Sang, Nong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Non-local operation is widely explored to model the long-range dependencies. However, the redundant computation in this operation leads to a prohibitive complexity. In this paper, we present a Representative Graph (RepGraph) layer to dynamically sample a few representative features, which dramatically reduces redundancy. Instead of propagating the messages from all positions, our RepGraph layer computes the response of one node merely with a few representative nodes. The locations of representative nodes come from a learned spatial offset matrix. The RepGraph layer is flexible to integrate into many visual architectures and combine with other operations. With the application of semantic segmentation, without any bells and whistles, our RepGraph network can compete or perform favourably against the state-of-the-art methods on three challenging benchmarks: ADE20K, Cityscapes, and PASCAL-Context datasets. In the task of object detection, our RepGraph layer can also improve the performance on the COCO dataset compared to the non-local operation. Code is available at https://git.io/RepGraph.
description: Accepted to ECCV 2020. Code is available at https://git.io/RepGraph
Flat Currents of the Green-Schwarz Superstrings in AdS_5 x S^1 and AdS_3 x S^3 backgrounds
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: He, Ya-Li
name: Zhang, Peng
name: Song, Xing-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a one-parameter family of flat currents in AdS_5 x S^1 and AdS_3 x S^3 Green-Schwarz superstrings, which would naturally lead to a hierarchy of classical conserved nonlocal charges. In the former case we rewrite the AdS_5 x S^1 string using a new Z_4-graded base of the superalgebra su(2,2|2). In both cases the existence of the Z_4 grading in the superalgebras plays a key role in the construction. As a result, we find that the flat currents, when formally written in terms of the G_0-gauge invariant lowercase 1-forms, take the same form as the one in AdS_5 x S^5 case.
description: 18 pages, LaTeX file. References added and typos corrected
HIR4: Cosmological signatures imprinted on the cross correlation between 21-cm map and galaxy clustering
Creators: name: Shi, Feng
name: Song, Yong-Seon
name: Asorey, Jacobo
name: Parkinson, David
name: Ahn, Kyungjin
name: Yao, Jian
name: Zhang, Le
name: Zuo, Shifan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the cosmological multitracer synergies between an emission line galaxy distribution from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and a Tianlai Project 21-cm intensity map. We use simulated maps generated from a particle simulation in the light-cone volume (Horizon Run 4), sky-trimmed and including the effects of foreground contamination, its removal and instrument noise. We first validate how the foreground residual affects the recovered 21-cm signal by putting different levels of foreground contamination into the 21-cm maps. We find that the contamination cannot be ignored in the angular autocorrelation power spectra of HI even when it is small, but has no influence on the accuracy of the angular cross-power spectra between HI and galaxies. In the foreground-cleaned map case, as information is lost in the cleaning procedure, there is also a bias in the cross-correlation power spectrum. However, we found that the bias from the cross-correlation power spectrum is scale-independent, which is easily parameterized as part of the model, while the offset in the HI autocorrelation power spectrum is non-linear. In particular, we tested that the cross-correlation power also benefits from the cancellation of the bias in the power spectrum measurement that is induced by the instrument noise, which changes the shape of the autocorrelation power spectra but leaves the cross-correlation power unaffected. We then modelled the angular cross-correlation power spectra to fit the baryon acoustic oscillation feature in the broad-band shape of the angular cross-correlation power spectrum, including contamination from the residual foreground and the effect of instrument noise. We forecast a constraint on the angular diameter distance $D_\mathrm{A}$ for the Tianlai Pathfinder redshift $0.775
description: Published in MNRAS. 14 pages, 10 figures
A Deep Radio Survey of Abell 2125 III: The Cluster Core - Merging and Stripping
Creators: name: Owen, F. N.
name: Keel, W. C.
name: Wang, Q. D.
name: Ledlow, M. J.
name: Morrison, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use radio, near-IR, optical, and X-ray observations to examine dynamic processes in the central region of Abell 2125. In addition to the central triple, including members of both major dynamical subsystems identified from a redshift survey, this region features a galaxy showing strong evidence for ongoing gas stripping during a high-velocity passage through the gas in the cluster core. The disk galaxy C153 exhibits a plume stretching toward the cluster center seen in soft X-rays by Chandra, parts of which are also seen in [O II] emission and near-UV continuum light. HST imaging shows a distorted disk, with star-forming knots asymmetrically distributed and remnant spiral structure possibly defined by dust lanes. The stars and ionized gas in its disk are kinematically decoupled, demonstrating that pressure stripping must be important, and that tidal disruption is not the only mechanism at work. Comparison of the gas properties seen in the X-ray and optical data on the plume highlight significant features of the history of stripped gas in the intracluster medium. The nucleus of C153 also hosts an AGN, shown by the weak and distorted extended radio emission and a radio compact core. The unusual strength of the stripping signatures in this instance is likely related to the high relative velocity of the galaxy with respect to the intracluster medium, during a cluster/cluster merger, and its passage very near the core of the cluster. Another sign of recent dynamical events is diffuse starlight asymmetrically placed about the central triple in a cD envelope. Transient and extreme dynamical events as seen in Abell 2125 may be important drivers of galaxy evolution in the cores of rich clusters.
description: 36 pages, 16 figures, accepted AJ, paper with full resolution figures is available at http:www.aoc.nrao.edu/~fowen/papers/a2125/a2125paper3.ps.gz
Private Labels in the Austrian Food Market: A Qualitative Forecast Using the Scenario Technique
Creators: name: Meixner, Oliver
name: Leitner, Amina
name: Meixner, Oliver
name: Leitner, Amina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The Austrian food market may be characterized by high competitiveness, market saturation and the fact, that listing on the shelves of trade organizations’ outlets has become the imperative success factor for food producing companies. Never before has it been harder, there have never been more obstacles in reaching the point of sale - because the shelves in supermarket stores are full. The degree of concentration within the food trade sector has reached an all-time high: The three biggest supermarket chains in Austria account for more than 80% of all sales (business to consumer, B2C). Therefore, distribution of food to consumers lies in the hands of only a few organizations, which gives them huge negotiation power, which has provoked irritations in the past and currently.
The Role of Trust in Emerging Food Supply Network Relations
Creators: name: Fritz, Melanie
name: Fritz, Melanie
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The food sector is the largest economic sector in the European Union (CIAA, 2005). It consists of a complex, global and dynamically changing network of trade streams, food supply network relations and related product flows (Fritz, Schiefer, 2008a). Food supply networks are subject to dynamically changing circumstances, which include fluctuations at primary production due to changes in weather or climate, impacting supply and demand and prices, and also impacting the quality of raw material, variations in food consumption due to seasonality or the westernization of diets in Asia (see e.g. OECD-FAO, 2006, Pingali, 2006), the development of alternative uses of raw material such as bio-fuel, and, not the least, from changing attitudes of society towards the consequences of the food system’s activities for environmental, social and economic issues, captured in the term of “sustainability” (Aiking, de Boer, 2004).
Building Trust with Organic Food: The Case of Organic Eggs
Creators: name: Declerck, Francis
name: Fourcadet, Olivier
name: Declerck, Francis
name: Fourcadet, Olivier
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Many consumers do not understand the significance of the Organic labels. The EFSA and the USDA makes no claim that organically produced food is safer or “healthier.” or more nutritious than conventionally produced food. Consumers will still need to read nutrition labels and make wise selections to maintain an overall healthy diet. “Organic” food does not mean “natural”. Only food labelled “organic” designate that the product meets the new EU or USDA organic standards. In Europe and elsewhere, food products’ Quality Labels (QL) have appeared in the early 1960s and their number has been increasing since then. QL are publicly owned, like “Organic Label” or privately owned, like “Carrefour Bio” brands which signal a “quality” difference from other products
Additional file 1 of Classical galactosemia: neuropsychological and psychosocial functioning beyond intellectual abilities
Creators: name: Welsink-Karssies, Mendy M.
name: Oostrom, Kim J.
name: Hermans, Merel E.
name: Hollak, Carla E. M.
name: Janssen, Mirian C. H.
name: Langendonk, Janneke G.
name: Oussoren, Esmee
name: M. Estela Rubio Gozalbo
name: Vries, Maaike De
name: Geurtsen, Gert J.
name: Bosch, Annet M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1 : Table S8. The Neuropsychological Assessment
Looking At The Cosmological Constant From Infinite--Volume Bulk
Creators: name: Gabadadze, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I briefly review the arguments why the braneworld models with infinite-volume extra dimensions could solve the cosmological constant problem, evading Weinberg's no-go theorem. Then I discuss in detail the established properties of these models, as well as the features which should be studied further in order to conclude whether these models can truly solve the problem. This article is dedicated to the memory of Ian Kogan.
description: 64 pages, 4 figures; To appear in Ian Kogan Memorial Volume, ``From Fields to Strings: Circumnavigating Theoretical Physics'', M. Shifman, A. Vainshtein, and J. Wheater, eds. (World Scientific, 2004)
Contribution to an Integrated Analytical Framework for the Study of the Relations between and within Agro-Food Firms
Creators: name: Zanasi, Cesare
name: Rota, Cosimo
name: Zanasi, Cesare
name: Rota, Cosimo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy
Farm Management
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Risk and Uncertainty

description: The globalization of markets, increased specialization in customers services, shorter lead times, are among the main factors influencing the change in firms organization. The firms disintegration is growing, leading to an increased demand for collaborative management along the supply chain. The relationship between economic agents represents a central aspect to be analysed in order to understand this new context which is “neither a perfectly planned structure, nor a merely spontaneous one” (Benassi M., 1995). These considerations are particularly interesting when applied to firms belonging to the agrofood system. They include very different technical-economic typologies as well as cultural and managerial backgrounds. In this context the role of vertical and horizontal relationships in influencing the system efficiency are particularly relevant. A collaborative management of the input and market access can, in fact, allow for a better exploitation of the external economies and flexible specialisation related economies, characterising well organized small and medium agro-food firms networks. The identification of the factors influencing the relationship between firms becomes consequently a priority. The main studies related to the inter and intra-firm relationship includes different approaches: Supply Chain Management (SCM), local enterprises systems (Clusters, Districts), Knowledge Networks, Organization Theory.
Measuring the Contribution of Genetic Characteristics as an Indicator of Innovation: The Case of Corn in the USA, 1990-2009
Creators: name: Nolan, Elizabeth
name: Santos, Paulo
name: Nolan, Elizabeth
name: Santos, Paulo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: hybrid seed corn
subject: GM traits
subject: varietal change
subject: fixed effects
subject: random effects

description: Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regimes for plant breeding are generally justified on the basis that they encourage innovation. Introduction of IPR regimes for plant varieties in the United States has led to increased concentration, but it is less clear whether IPRs have promoted useful innovation, as measured by productivity of available corn hybrids. There are difficulties in finding a satisfactory measure of innovation in plant breeding, and in this paper we propose a procedure. Results from the annual corn hybrid trials conducted by 11 US universities over the 20 years from 1990 to 2009, at 365 separate locations in the 11 states, have been collated. This set of unbalanced panel data for grain corn hybrid trials has been used in a fixed effects model to estimate a production function for corn and the contribution to yield of the genetic characteristics of the corn hybrids. The Hausman Taylor estimator is then used to separate out the contribution of GM traits. Because the data are experimental, the production function can be interpreted as representing the technological frontier. The cross section is made up of the corn hybrids that were submitted for trial over the period. The fixed or unobserved time invariant effects represent the part of production which can be attributed to the characteristics of a particular hybrid. This is taken to be the contribution of the "genetics" of each hybrid to yield, and the maximum fixed or unobserved effect in any one year can be considered to represent the "frontier" of genetic contribution to increased yield.
OR_Exp_set.pdf
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Anirban
name: 0000000265730093, Plaban Kumar Bhowmick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60705 Plant Physiology

description: This write up consists of a few low-coast experiments designed for students of middle schools.
Average nonlinear dynamics of particles in gravitational pulses: effective Hamiltonian, secular acceleration, and gravitational susceptibility
Creators: name: Garg, Deepen
name: Dodin, I. Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particles interacting with a prescribed quasimonochromatic gravitational wave (GW) exhibit secular (average) nonlinear dynamics that can be described by Hamilton's equations. We derive the Hamiltonian of this "ponderomotive" dynamics to the second order in the GW amplitude for a general background metric. For the special case of vacuum GWs, we show that our Hamiltonian is equivalent to that of a free particle in an effective metric, which we calculate explicitly. We also show that already a linear plane GW pulse displaces a particle from its unperturbed trajectory by a finite distance that is independent of the GW phase and proportional to the integral of the pulse intensity. We calculate the particle displacement analytically and show that our result is in agreement with numerical simulations. We also show how the Hamiltonian of the nonlinear averaged dynamics naturally leads to the concept of the linear gravitational susceptibility of a particle gas with an arbitrary phase-space distribution. We calculate this susceptibility explicitly to apply it, in a follow-up paper, toward studying self-consistent GWs in inhomogeneous media within the geometrical-optics approximation.
description: update: added 5 references, a footnote and minor text changes; 16 pages, 2 figures
Additional file 5 of Patient involvement in preparing health research peer-reviewed publications or results summaries: a systematic review and evidence-based recommendations
Creators: name: Arnstein, Lauri
name: Wadsworth, Anne Clare
name: Yamamoto, Beverley Anne
name: Stephens, Richard
name: Kawaldip Sehmi
name: Jones, Rachel
name: Sargent, Arabella
name: Gegeny, Thomas
name: Woolley, Karen L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 5. PAE tool – non-patient author version.
Optimal Control of Brucellosis in Bison in the Yellowstone National Park Area
Creators: name: Xie, Fang
name: Horan, Richard D.
name: Xie, Fang
name: Horan, Richard D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Bioeconomics
subject: brucellosis
subject: disease ecology
subject: epidemiology
subject: optimal control
subject: susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model

description: Brucellosis is a highly infectious bacterial disease that causes infected females to abort their calves. It has caused devastating losses to U.S. farmers over the last century. The only known focus of Brucellosis left in the nation is wildlife such as bison and elk in the Greater Yellowstone Area. Vaccination and test-and-slaughter have been applied to brucellosis management in bison, and there has been discussion that a combination of both could potentially eradicate the disease in the Yellowstone National Park. However, there is no study on how to allocate resources between the two actions. This paper investigates the optimal allocation of these two selective management options, in a bioeconomic framework, when there are both existence and recreational values for the wildlife host (bison) and when the host puts the livestock sector at risk.