cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Supersymmetric Grand Unification with Light Color-Triplet
Creators: name: Berezhiani, Lasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a natural model of the supersymmetric SU(6) unification, in which the symmetry breaking, down to the standard model gauge group, results in the number of pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone superfields with interesting properties. Namely, besides the Higgs doublet-antidoublet pair which is responsible for the electroweak phase transition, the Nambu-Goldstone sector consists of multiplets in the anti- and fundamental representations of SU(5). While being strictly massless in the supersymmetric limit, they acquire the weak scale masses as a result of its breaking. The color-triplet components of this light sector could, in principle, mediate an unacceptably fast proton decay; however, because of the natural $\text{TeV}/M_{\text{GUT}}$ suppression of the Yukawa couplings to the light quarks and leptons, their existence is compatible with the experimental bound on proton lifetime. This suppression is made further interesting, since it results in the lifetime, of the lightest of the above-mentioned colored particles from 1 sec to 1 day, long enough for it to appear stable in the detector. Furthermore, we argue that the accommodation of the color-triplet pseudo-Nambu-Goldstones, without fine-tuning or contradicting observations, implies SU(6) unification.
description: 6 pages
A World Wide View of Browsing the World Wide Web
Creators: name: Ruth, Kimberly
name: Fass, Aurore
name: Azose, Jonathan
name: Pearson, Mark
name: Thomas, Emma
name: Sadowski, Caitlin
name: Durumeric, Zakir
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: In this paper, we perform the first large-scale study of how people spend time on the web. Our study is based on anonymous, aggregate telemetry data from several hundred million Google Chrome users who have explicitly enabled sharing URLs with Google and who have usage statistic reporting enabled. We analyze the distribution of web traffic, the types of websites that people visit and spend the most time on, the differences between desktop and mobile browsing behavior, the geographical differences in web usage, and the most popular websites in regions worldwide. Our study sheds light on online user behavior and how the research community can more accurately analyze the web in the future.
Kinematics of Ionized Gas at 0.01 AU of TW Hya
Creators: name: Goto, M.
name: Carmona, A.
name: Linz, H.
name: Stecklum, B.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Meeus, G.
name: Usuda, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report two-dimensional spectroastrometry of Br gamma emission of TW Hya to study the kinematics of the ionized gas in the star-disk interface region. The spectroastrometry with the integral field spectrograph SINFONI at the Very Large Telescope is sensitive to the positional offset of the line emission down to the physical scale of the stellar diameter (~0.01 AU). The centroid of Br gamma emission is displaced to the north with respect to the central star at the blue side of the emission line, and to the south at the red side. The major axis of the centroid motion is P.A.= -20 degrees, which is nearly equal to the major axis of the protoplanetary disk projected on the sky, previously reported by CO sub millimeter spectroscopy (P.A.= -27 degrees) The line-of-sight motion of the Br gamma emission, in which the northern side of the disk is approaching toward us, is also consistent with the direction of the disk rotation known from the CO observation. The agreement implies that the kinematics of Br gamma emission is accounted for by the ionized gas in the inner edge of the disk. A simple modeling of the astrometry, however, indicates that the accretion inflow similarly well reproduces the centroid displacements of Br gamma, but only if the position angles of the centroid motion and the projected disk ellipse is a chance coincidence. No clear evidence of disk wind is found.
description: A few corrections in the text and a figure
Security Analysis of Vendor Implementations of the OPC UA Protocol for Industrial Control Systems
Creators: name: Erba, Alessandro
name: Müller, Anne
name: Tippenhauer, Nils Ole
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The OPC UA protocol is an upcoming de-facto standard for building Industry 4.0 processes in Europe, and one of the few industrial protocols that promises security features to prevent attackers from manipulating and damaging critical infrastructures. Despite the importance of the protocol, challenges in the adoption of OPC UA's security features by product vendors, libraries implementing the standard, and end-users were not investigated so far. In this work, we systematically investigate 48 publicly available artifacts consisting of products and libraries for OPC UA and show that 38 out of the 48 artifacts have one (or more) security issues. We show that 7 OPC UA artifacts do not support the security features of the protocol at all. In addition, 31 artifacts that partially feature OPC UA security rely on incomplete libraries and come with misleading instructions. Consequently, relying on those products and libraries will result in vulnerable implementations of OPC UA security features. To verify our analysis, we design, implement, and demonstrate attacks in which the attacker can steal credentials exchanged between victims, eavesdrop on process information, manipulate the physical process through sensor values and actuator commands, and prevent the detection of anomalies.
Anypodetus leucothrix Londt 2000, sp. n.
Creators: name: Londt, J. G. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Anypodetus
Anypodetus leucothrix

description: 2b Wings without staining, unpatterned, transparent and entirely lacking microtrichia; scutellum with ca. 6 well -developed marginal setae; setae of prothoracic coxae and macrosetae of terga white; mystax extending from antennal bases to epistomal margin. Illustrations - Head (Fig. 2), Wing (Fig. 9), Hypopygium (Figs 19-21), T2 (Fig. 40), Scutellum (Fig. 47), Distribution (Fig. 48).................. leucothrix sp. n. Etymology: Gr. Leukos = white + thrix = hair - refers to the many white setae possessed by this species. Material examined: NAMIBIA: 1♀ paratype, ‘ Namibia: Ai Ais [27 ° 55'S: 17 ° 29'E] / Fish River Canyon / 7-8.x.1993, F. Koch’ (ZMHB); 1♂ paratype, ‘ Gt. Karas Mts. [27 ° 20'S: 18 ° 45'E] / SWA’ ~ ‘ Mus. Staff / Nov. 1936 ’ (SAMC). SOUTH AFRICA: 2♀ paratypes, ‘ Nieuveld / Escarpment / Rietvlei [32 ° 21'S: 21 ° 49'E]’ ~ ‘ Mus. Exped. Feb.1925 ’ (SAMC); 1♂ 1♀ paratypes, ‘ S Africa:Cape #21 / 70 km E of Laingsburg / 33 ° 06'S: 21 ° 35'E 500m / Date: 24.xi.1990 / Whittington & Londt / Dry Dwyka River area’; 1♂ holotype, ‘ Sth Africa: Cape Prov / Gamka River 40 km N / Prince Albert 3321BB / 11.xi.1986 500m / Londt & Quickelberge / Sandy area / Acacias’. A. leucothrix: Known only from a few localities situated within the semi -arid plateau and desert climatic regions characterised by cool dry winters and hot summers with low rainfall.
description: Published as part of Londt, J. G. H., 2000, Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae), pp. 123-128 in Annals of the Natal Museum 41 on pages 130-137, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.523759
Situation Analysis EGM Protocol 16/12/2020
Creators: name: Cáceres-Escobar, Hernán
name: Broad, Steven
name: Challender, Daniel W.S.
name: Keenan, Ciara
name: Kinnaird, Maggie
name: LICHTENSTEIN, Gabriela
name: RODRIGUEZ, Jon Paul
name: Roe, Dilys
name: Rouan, Adam David
name: DIJK, Peter Paul VAN
name: ZAMBRANA-TORRELIO, Carlos
name: KOCK, Richard
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Protocol for an Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) about the Roles and Risks of Wildlife Trade in the Emergence of Human Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses
Moment analysis of focus-diverse point spread functions for modal wavefront sensing of uniformly illuminated circular-pupil systems
Creators: name: Lee, Hanshin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new concept of using focus-diverse point spread functions (PSFs) for modal wavefront sensing (WFS) is explored. This is based on relatively straightforward image moment analysis of measured PSFs, which differentiates it from other focal-plane wavefront sensing techniques (FPWFS). The presented geometric analysis shows that the image moments are non-linear functions of wave aberration coefficients, but notes that focus-diversity (FD) essentially decouples the coefficients of interest from others, resulting in a set of linear equations whose solution corresponds to modal coefficient estimates. The presented proof-of-concept simulations suggest the potential of the concept in WFS with strongly aberrated high SNR objects in particular.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables
Study of selected water management strategies for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Creators: name: Blanco, Mauricio
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are a promising energy conversion alternative for a number of applications including automotive, small power generation, and micro applications. However, many issues, such as poor water management and voltage instability, still have to be addressed in order to remove technical barriers to commercialization. In this work, water management issues in PEM fuel cells were investigated in detail with the purpose of developing approaches to reduce the negative effect of liquid water inside the fuel cell. The performance of the PEM fuel cell deteriorates when operated at low humidity to dry conditions. It was demonstrated that the use of perforated sheets as water barrier layers improved the operational life of the fuel cell significantly (>3x) compared to a fuel cell with no additional layers. These sheets increase the water content in the cathode catalyst layer and membrane, via back-diffusion to the anode. In addition, these perforated sheets were also used as a diagnostic tool in order to further investigate the role of cathode and anode MPLs. It was shown that the cathode MPL decreases the water saturation in the catalyst layer and improves water removal via the cathode GDL. It was also shown that the anode MPL plays a role in reducing voltage stability at high flow rates and flooding conditions. Perforated sheets were further explored for use as an engineered gas diffusion layer. This type of approach has the advantage that it can be tailored to specific parameters and conditions. Finally, a new flow field design, used on the cathode side, in which the active area can be modified, is presented and proven to improve the cell voltage and power stability at low power levels. This method increases the effective flow rate inside the flow field by decreasing the active area, resulting in the removal of liquid water and improving the gas diffusion to the cathode catalyst layer. This novel design can also be used to improve cell-to-cell water and gas distribution in fuel cell stacks.
Why So Toxic? Measuring and Triggering Toxic Behavior in Open-Domain Chatbots
Creators: name: Si, Wai Man
name: Backes, Michael
name: Blackburn, Jeremy
name: Cristofaro, Emiliano De
name: Stringhini, Gianluca
name: Zannettou, Savvas
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Chatbots are used in many applications, e.g., automated agents, smart home assistants, interactive characters in online games, etc. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure they do not behave in undesired manners, providing offensive or toxic responses to users. This is not a trivial task as state-of-the-art chatbot models are trained on large, public datasets openly collected from the Internet. This paper presents a first-of-its-kind, large-scale measurement of toxicity in chatbots. We show that publicly available chatbots are prone to providing toxic responses when fed toxic queries. Even more worryingly, some non-toxic queries can trigger toxic responses too. We then set out to design and experiment with an attack, ToxicBuddy, which relies on fine-tuning GPT-2 to generate non-toxic queries that make chatbots respond in a toxic manner. Our extensive experimental evaluation demonstrates that our attack is effective against public chatbot models and outperforms manually-crafted malicious queries proposed by previous work. We also evaluate three defense mechanisms against ToxicBuddy, showing that they either reduce the attack performance at the cost of affecting the chatbot’s utility or are only effective at mitigating a portion of the attack. This highlights the need for more research from the computer security and online safety communities to ensure that chatbot models do not hurt their users. Overall, we are confident that ToxicBuddy can be used as an auditing tool and that our work will pave the way toward designing more effective defenses for chatbot safety.
Quantum coherence and sensitivity of avian magnetoreception
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Jayendra N.
name: Paterek, Tomasz
name: Kaszlikowski, Dagomir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Migratory birds and other species have the ability to navigate by sensing the geomagnetic field. Recent experiments indicate that the essential process in the navigation takes place in bird's eye and uses chemical reaction involving molecular ions with unpaired electron spins (radical pair). Sensing is achieved via geomagnetic-dependent dynamics of the spins of the unpaired electrons. Here we utilize the results of two behavioral experiments conducted on European Robins to argue that the average life-time of the radical pair is of the order of a microsecond and therefore agrees with experimental estimations of this parameter for cryptochrome --- a pigment believed to form the radical pairs. We also found a reasonable parameter regime where sensitivity of the avian compass is enhanced by environmental noise, showing that long coherence time is not required for navigation and may even spoil it.
description: 6+ pages, 2+4 figures, new results added
Anypodetus macroceros Londt 2000, sp. n.
Creators: name: Londt, J. G. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Anypodetus
Anypodetus macroceros

description: 3a Antennal postpedicel apically attenuate giving the impression of an elongate style (Fig. 6). Illustrations - Antenna (Fig. 6), Hypopygium (Figs 22-24), T2 (Fig. 41), Distribution (Fig. 49)................................................................. macroceros sp. n. Etymology: Gr. Makros = long + keros = horn, referring to the somewhat elongate antennae. Material examined: NAMIBIA: 1♂ holotype, ‘ South West Africa [= Namibia] 2516Ac / Maltahöhe Dist.Aandster / Farm, 1000m. 16.II.1974 / ME Irwin, vegetated dune / and grassland’. A. macroceros: The unique holotype was collected in the subtropical plateau climatic region with its warm, dry winters and hot summers with low rainfall.
description: Published as part of Londt, J. G. H., 2000, Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae), pp. 123-128 in Annals of the Natal Museum 41 on pages 130-137, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.523759
A knock at the door: politics in the plays of Harold Pinter
Creators: name: Halwas, Andrea
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 79-84
description: In many of Harold Pinter's plays, the conflict is set in motion by the arrival of a visitor at the door. With this unexpected admission a particular power struggle emerges, and by the end of the play, someone has lost the struggle and someone has won. It would be poetic to say that this very conflict mirrors the events of the Holocaust, that in the end, with the defeat of the Nazis, someone had won. Unfortunately, there were not any winners in the Holocaust, only victims. It is the memory of these victims that motivates Pinter to write the plays that he does, plays that are, at heart, addressing the corruption of mankind.
VLBI-selected sample of Compact Symmetric Object candidates and frequency-dependent position of hotspots
Creators: name: Sokolovsky, K. V.
name: Kovalev, Y. Y.
name: Pushkarev, A. B.
name: Mimica, P.
name: Perucho, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Compact Symmetric Objects (CSOs) are small (<1 kiloparsec) and powerful extragalactic radio sources showing emission on both sides of an active galactic nucleus and no signs of strong relativistic beaming. They may be young radio sources, progenitors of large FRII radio galaxies. We aim to study the statistical properties of CSOs by constructing and investigating a new large sample of CSO candidates on the basis of dual-frequency, parsec-scale morphology. For the candidate selection we utilized VLBI data for 4170 extragalactic objects obtained simultaneously at 2.3 and 8.6 GHz (S and X band) within the VLBA Calibrator Survey 1-6 and the Research and Development - VLBA projects. Properties of their broad-band radio spectra were characterized by using RATAN-600 observations. Numerical modeling was applied in an attempt to explain the observed effects. A sample of 64 candidate CSOs is identified. The median two-point S-X band spectral index of parsec-scale hotspots is found to be -0.52; with the median brightness temperature ~10^9 K at X band. Statistical analysis reveals a systematic difference between positions of brightest CSO components (associated with hotspots) measured in the S and X bands. The distance between these components is found to be on average 0.32+/-0.06 mas greater at 8.6 GHz than at 2.3 GHz. This difference in distances cannot be explained by different resolutions at the S and X bands. It is a manifestation of spectral index gradients across CSO components, which may potentially provide important physical information about them. Despite our detailed numerical modeling of a CSO hotspot, the model was not able to reproduce the magnitude of the observed positional difference. A more detailed modeling may shed light on the origin of the effect.
description: 34 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted to A&A
Human vs. machine vs. social interfaces: The SSH Open Marketplace
Creators: name: Buddenbohm, Stefan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: SSHOC
SSH Open Marketplace
DARIAH
research infrastructure
discovery portal

description: The SSH Open Marketplace (https://marketplace.sshopencloud.eu/), built as part of the Social Sciences and Humanities Open Cloud (SSHOC) project, is a discovery portal for the SSH research community comprising tools & services, training materials, datasets, publications and workflows. Designed as a catalogue contextualising its resources by creating links between them and showcasing their use in research scenarios (workflows), the interfaces of the SSH Open Marketplace are crucial for the discovery and reusability of its content. How does one build convenient, reliable, and accurate interfaces for a discovery portal? Which audiences (human, machines) and technologies have to be addressed by the interfaces and in which priority? What does it mean to be user-friendly for a web service in the world of research infrastructures? Three interface dimensions will guide our presentation of the beta version of the SSH Open Marketplace: The human individual interface dimension or user experience (UX) design and user interface (UI) (Graphical User Interface: https://marketplace.sshopencloud.eu/): SSH Open Marketplace is built to be a user-friendly portal designed on the principles of Human Center Designed (HCD) for the SSH community, with a low entry threshold for users' contributions. The design of the SSH Open Marketplace, developed by the Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Centre (PSNC) and implemented by the Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities and Cultural Heritage (ACDH-CH), has been built consulting target user communities. But still we seek for further feedback from the attendees of the demo session to identify possible improvements. The machine-readable interface dimension or REST Application Programming Interface (API documentation:
 https://s.gwdg.de/pymPIp): the SSH Open Marketplace includes a REST API allowing experienced users to search and retrieve detailed information and even to add information. Particularly the last aspect would be of interest as to discuss how to provide easy means for adding new content to the marketplace using its API, which would likely be of interest for institutional users. A hackathon relying on some of the API functions is planned for September 2021, and our demo will also allow attendees to gain an overview of the hackathon tasks or to announce interest in taking part. The social-structural interface dimensions or gateway for SSH resources in the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC): https://marketplace.eosc-portal.eu/: the SSH Open Marketplace is a contribution to the SSH branch of the EOSC, and as such it can be seen as a communication interface between the EOSC, its infrastructures and the SSH research communities interested in digital methods and practices.
Most Activation Functions Can Win the Lottery Without Excessive Depth
Creators: name: Burkholz, Rebekka
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The strong lottery ticket hypothesis has highlighted the potential for training deep neural networks by pruning, which has inspired interesting practical and theoretical insights into how neural networks can represent functions. For networks with ReLU activation functions, it has been proven that a target network with depth L can be approximated by the subnetwork of a randomly initialized neural network that has double the target’s depth 2L and is wider by a logarithmic factor. We show that a depth L + 1 network is sufficient. This result indicates that we can expect to find lottery tickets at realistic, commonly used depths while only requiring logarithmic overparametrization. Our novel construction approach applies to a large class of activation functions and is not limited to ReLUs.
Blood Plasma Trigonelline Concentration and the Early Prognosis of Death in SARS-Cov-2 Patients
Creators: name: Besharati, Mohammad Reza
name: Izadi, Mohammad
name: Alireza Talebpour
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Trigonelline, SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Blood Plasma, Prognosis of Death, Nicotinate, Nicotinic Acid, Methyl Nicotinate, Nicotinamide Riboside, Nicotinuric Acid

description: Blood Plasma Trigonelline Concentration and the Early Prognosis of Death in SARS-Cov-2 Patients. a list of references are added now.
Configuration mixing description of the nucleus $^{44}$S
Creators: name: Rodríguez, Tomás R.
name: Egido, J. Luis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the structure of the neutron rich $^{44}$S isotope with modern configuration mixing methods based on the Gogny interaction including beyond-mean-field effects. Restoration of particle number and rotational symmetries are taken into account as well as shape mixing in the whole triaxial $(β_{2},γ)$ plane. We obtain a qualitative agreement between the calculated spectrum and the experimental data reported recently. Very extended collective wave functions in the $(β_2,γ)$ plane are found for the lowest states, corresponding to very flat potentials, indicating strong configuration mixing and supporting the weakening of the N=28 magic number.
description: Corrected typo (level at 3248 keV)
HTML Violations and Where to Find Them: A Longitudinal Analysis of Specification Violations in HTML
Creators: name: Hantke, Florian
name: Stock, Ben
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: With the increased interest in the web in the 90s, everyone wanted to have their own website. However, given the lack of knowledge, such pages contained numerous HTML specification violations. This was when browser vendors came up with a new feature – error tolerance. This feature, part of browsers ever since, makes the HTML parsers tolerate and instead fix violations temporarily. On the downside, it risks security issues like Mutation XSS and Dangling Markup. In this paper, we asked ourselves, do we still need to rely on this error tolerance, or can we abandon this security issue? To answer this question, we study the evolution of HTML violations over the past eight years. To this end, we identify security-relevant violations and leverage Common Crawl to check archived pages for these. Using this framework, we automatically analyze over 23K popular domains over time. This analysis reveals that while the number of violations has decreased over the years, more than 68% of all domains still contain at least one HTML violation today. While this number is obviously too high for browser vendors to tighten the parsing process immediately, we show that automatic approaches could quickly correct up to 46% of today’s violations. Based on our findings, we propose a roadmap for how we could tighten this process to improve the quality of HTML markup in the long run.
Relations between Everyday Executive Functioning and Language in Youth with Down Syndrome and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creators: name: Udhnani, Manisha
name: Perez, Megan
name: Clasen, Liv S.
name: Adeyemi, Elizabeth
name: Lee, Nancy Raitano
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Language and executive functioning are major impairments in many neurodevelopmental disorders, but little is known about the relations between these constructs, particularly using parent-report. Thus, the current research sought to examine relations between executive function and language in two groups – Down syndrome (DS; n=41; Mage = 11.2) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n=91; Mage = 7.7). Results were as follows: in DS, executive function predicted pragmatic, but not structural language after covarying for age, sex, and social functioning; in ASD, executive function predicted both. Findings highlight the interrelatedness of language and executive functioning and may have implications for intervention development.
Dynamic Time Warping Under Translation: Approximation Guided by Space-Filling Curves
Creators: name: Bringmann, Karl
name: Kisfaludi-Bak, Sándor
name: Künnemann, Marvin
name: Marx, Dániel
name: Nusser, André
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) distance is a popular measure of similarity for a variety of sequence data. For comparing polygonal curves π, σ in ℝ^d, it provides a robust, outlier-insensitive alternative to the Fréchet distance. However, like the Fréchet distance, the DTW distance is not invariant under translations. Can we efficiently optimize the DTW distance of π and σ under arbitrary translations, to compare the curves' shape irrespective of their absolute location? There are surprisingly few works in this direction, which may be due to its computational intricacy: For the Euclidean norm, this problem contains as a special case the geometric median problem, which provably admits no exact algebraic algorithm (that is, no algorithm using only addition, multiplication, and k-th roots). We thus investigate exact algorithms for non-Euclidean norms as well as approximation algorithms for the Euclidean norm. For the L₁ norm in ℝ^d, we provide an ????(n^{2(d+1)})-time algorithm, i.e., an exact polynomial-time algorithm for constant d. Here and below, n bounds the curves' complexities. For the Euclidean norm in ℝ², we show that a simple problem-specific insight leads to a (1+ε)-approximation in time ????(n³/ε²). We then show how to obtain a subcubic ????̃(n^{2.5}/ε²) time algorithm with significant new ideas; this time comes close to the well-known quadratic time barrier for computing DTW for fixed translations. Technically, the algorithm is obtained by speeding up repeated DTW distance estimations using a dynamic data structure for maintaining shortest paths in weighted planar digraphs. Crucially, we show how to traverse a candidate set of translations using space-filling curves in a way that incurs only few updates to the data structure. We hope that our results will facilitate the use of DTW under translation both in theory and practice, and inspire similar algorithmic approaches for related geometric optimization problems.
Nodal count of graph eigenfunctions via magnetic perturbation
Creators: name: Berkolaiko, Gregory
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 58J50, 05C50, 81Q10, 81Q35

description: We establish a connection between the stability of an eigenvalue under a magnetic perturbation and the number of zeros of the corresponding eigenfunction. Namely, we consider an eigenfunction of discrete Laplacian on a graph and count the number of edges where the eigenfunction changes sign (has a "zero"). It is known that the $n$-th eigenfunction has $n-1+s$ such zeros, where the "nodal surplus" $s$ is an integer between 0 and the number of cycles on the graph. We then perturb the Laplacian by a weak magnetic field and view the $n$-th eigenvalue as a function of the perturbation. It is shown that this function has a critical point at the zero field and that the Morse index of the critical point is equal to the nodal surplus $s$ of the $n$-th eigenfunction of the unperturbed graph.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Anypodetus nigrifacies Ricardo (Mkuzio 1925
Creators: name: Londt, J. G. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Anypodetus
Anypodetus nigrifacies

description: 5a Mystax uniformly black; antennal postpedicel uniformly orange. Illustrations - Head (Fig. 3), Antenna (Fig. 5), Wing (Fig. 8), Hypopygium (Figs 25-27), Ovipositor (Fig. 35), T2 (Fig. 42), Distribution (Fig. 48)......................... nigrifacies Ricardo Synonymy: Anypodetus nigrifacies Ricardo, 1925: 244. Material examined: MOZAMBIQUE: 1♀, Maputo [25 ° 58'S: 32 ° 34'E], 15.iii.1980, HR Feijen; SOUTH AFRICA: 2♀, Ndumu Game Reserve, 2632CC, 26.x.1972, ME Irwin; 1♂, Ndumu Game Reserve, Rest Camp, 2632CD, 95 m, 23-9.xi.1977, Brothers & J -Guillarmod, Malaise; 2♀, Ndumu Game Reserve, Rest Camp, 2632CD, 95 m, 15.ii.1978, Brothers & Bampton, Malaise; 1♀, Ndumu Reserve Ingwavuma dist., 28.xi.1961, T Oatley; 1♀, Ndumu Reserve Ingwavuma dist., 1-10.xii.1963, B&P Stuckenberg; 5♂ 3♀, Mkuzi Game Reserve, ca. 27 ° 35'S: 32 ° 13'E, 100 m, 1.ii.1988, JGH Londt, Main camp & Caravan Park area; 1♀, Mkuzi Game Reserve, i.1949, HK Munro [SANC]. Type material not seen: 1♂ 1♀ syntypes, Mozambique, Lorenzo Marques (= Maputo) (and another pair from same locality) in BMNH. I have seen other material from this locality as well as specimens compared with the types by Oldroyd. A. nigrifacies: Although I have not seen Ricardo’s syntypes, I here designate the male as lectotype and the female as paralectotype. A. nigrifacies: Unlike most species, except unicolor, this species inhabits the warm, high rainfall climatic regions adjacent to the east coast of southern Africa.
description: Published as part of Londt, J. G. H., 2000, Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae), pp. 123-128 in Annals of the Natal Museum 41 on pages 130-137, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.523759
description: {"references": ["RICARDO, G. 1925. New species of Asilidae from South Africa. The Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Zoology, Botany and Geology. (9) 15: 234 - 282."]}
Reasons to Write as a Developer
Creators: name: Ntui, Aniebiet Inyang
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Writing
Software Developer

description: Writing as a programmer has a lot of benefits like additional income, personal development, increased reputation, and more. You don’t need to write 10,000 words every month. You don’t even have to write every day. And you definitely don’t need a background in writing or some hidden talent! You just need a reason for writing, and that’s what this article is about.
Assessing Model-free Anomaly Detection in Industrial Control Systems Against Generic Concealment Attacks
Creators: name: Erba, Alessandro
name: Tippenhauer, Nils Ole
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: In recent years, a number of model-free process-based anomaly detection schemes for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) were proposed. Model-free anomaly detectors are trained directly from process data and do not require process knowledge. They are validated based on a set of public data with limited attacks present. As result, the resilience of those schemes against general concealment attacks is unclear. In addition, no structured discussion on the properties verified by the detectors exists. In this work, we provide the first systematic analysis of such anomaly detection schemes, focusing on six model-free process-based anomaly detectors. We hypothesize that the detectors verify a combination of temporal, spatial, and statistical consistencies. To test this, we systematically analyse their resilience against generic concealment attacks. Our generic concealment attacks are designed to violate a specific consistency verified by the detector, and require no knowledge of the attacked physical process or the detector. In addition, we compare against prior work attacks that were designed to attack neural network-based detectors. Our results demonstrate that the evaluated model-free detectors are in general susceptible to generic concealment attacks. For each evaluated detector, at least one of our generic concealment attacks performs better than prior work attacks. In particular, the results allow us to show which specific consistencies are verified by each detector. We also find that prior work attacks that target neural-network architectures transfer surprisingly well against other architectures.
From displacement to mixing in a slightly inclined duct
Creators: name: Taghavi, Seyed Mohammad
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis studies buoyant displacement flows with two miscible fluids in pipes and 2D channels that are inclined at angles (β) close to horizontal. Detailed experimental, analytical and computational approaches are employed in an integrated fashion. The displacements are at low Atwood numbers and high Péclet numbers, so that miscibility effects are mostly observable after instability and via dispersive mixing. For iso-viscous Newtonian displacements, studying the front velocity variation as a function of the imposed flow velocity allows us to identify 3 distinct flow regimes: an exchange flow dominated regime characterized by Kelvin-Helmholtz-like instabilities, a laminarised viscous displacement regime with the front velocity linearly increasing with the mean imposed flow rate, and a fully mixed displacement regime. The transition between the first and the second regimes is found to be marked by a stationary layer of displaced fluid. In the stationary layer the displaced fluid moves in counter-current motion with zero net volumetric flux. Different lubrication/thin-film models have been used to predict the flow behaviour. We also succeed in characterising displacements as viscous or inertial, according to the absence/presence of interfacial instability and mixing. This dual characterisation allows us to define 5-6 distinct flow regimes, which we show collapse onto regions in the two-dimensional (Fr, Re cosβ/Fr)-plane. Here Fr is the densimetric Froude number and Re the Reynolds number. In each regime we have been able to offer a leading order approximation to the leading front velocity. A weighted residual method has also been used to include the effect of inertia within the lubrication modelling approach, which allows us to predict long-wave instabilities. We have extended the study to include the effects of moderate viscosity ratio and shear-thinning fluids. We see many qualitative similarities with the iso-viscous studies. Predictive models are proposed (and compared with experiments and simulations) for the viscous and inertial regimes. Having a significant yield stress in the displaced fluid leads to completely new phenomena. We identify two distinct flow regimes: a central-type displacement regime and a slump-type regime for higher density differences. In both regimes, the displaced fluid can remain completely static in residual wall layers.
Are Defenses for Graph Neural Networks Robust?
Creators: name: Mujkanovic, Felix
name: Geisler, Simon
name: Günnemann, Stephan
name: Bojchevski, Aleksandar
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: A cursory reading of the literature suggests that we have made a lot of progress in designing effective adversarial defenses for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Yet, the standard methodology has a serious flaw – virtually all of the defenses are evaluated against non-adaptive attacks leading to overly optimistic robustness estimates. We perform a thorough robustness analysis of 7 of the most popular defenses spanning the entire spectrum of strategies, i.e., aimed at improving the graph, the architecture, or the training. The results are sobering – most defenses show no or only marginal improvement compared to an undefended baseline. We advocate using custom adaptive attacks as a gold standard and we outline the lessons we learned from successfully designing such attacks. Moreover, our diverse collection of perturbed graphs forms a (black-box) unit test offering a first glance at a model's robustness.
Anypodetus phalaros Londt, 2000, sp. n.
Creators: name: Londt, J. G. H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2000
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Asilidae
Anypodetus
Anypodetus phalaros

description: 5b Mystax black centrally with silvery white setae laterally; antennal postpedicel orange basally and dark red -brown distally. Illustrations - Hypopygium (Figs 28-30), T2 (Fig. 43), Distribution (Fig. 48)...................................................... phalaros sp. n. Etymology: Gr. Phalaros = having a white patch, white -spotted - refers to the patches of silvery pruinescence on terga of this species. Material examined: SOUTH AFRICA: 1♂ holotype 1♀ paratype, ‘S. Africa: Transvaal / 37km n. Louis Trichardt / Limpopo Val. [=Valley] 2229DD / Jan. 1975 Stuckenberg / arid bushveld’; NAMIBIA: 1♀ paratype, ‘ Brucharos [Brukkaros - 25 ° 52'S: 17 ° 48'E] / S.W.Afr., 6:iii:1972 / H.D. Brown, E. Koster / D. Wessels’ [SANC]; UNKNOWN: 1♀ paratype, LTT, ii.1971, BJ. A. phalaros: The limited distribution data suggests a widespread species enjoying conditions similar to those inhabited by arachnoides and fasciatus.
description: Published as part of Londt, J. G. H., 2000, Afrotropical Asilidae (Diptera) 32. A Revision Of Anypodetus Hermann, 1907 With The Description Of Three New Species (Laphriinae), pp. 123-128 in Annals of the Natal Museum 41 on pages 131-137, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.523759
Evaluating the ecological consequences of human land-use on grizzly bears in southwest Yukon, Canada
Creators: name: Maraj, Ramona
Publisher: name: Environmental Design
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 209-254
description: Some pages are in colour.
description: This study investigated the effects of human land-use on grizzly bear (Ursus arctos L.) habitat and populations in the Kluane region of southwest Yukon, Canada. Previous studies in the region identify grizzlies as the species most at risk from cumulative impacts of human activity . The goals of this project were to: 1) identify the effects of cumulative human activities on grizzly habitat and populations; and 2) provide recommendations on human-use management with respect to the conservation of grizzlies and their habitat. Thus , I investigated three aspects of bear ecology and synthesized them to examine the influence of human-activities on bears. First, I examined the appropriateness of using Tasselled Cap Transformation variables for representing the distribution of bear forage. Tasselled Cap layers correlated with aggregate measures of forage abundance, provided continuous variables for linear occupancy estimation models, and were more cost-effective to produce than land cover classifications . I then tested the influence of conspecific distribution on habitat selection by grizzly bear sex/age cohorts . Family groups segregated from other cohorts, in part, to avoid intra-specific aggression and to protect cubs. Segregation also occurred because of differential response by each cohort to the distribution of human activity, and the distribution of forage. I next examined the temporal trends and spatial characteristics of grizzly bear mortality in Kluane. While efforts reduced the frequency of occurrences and management-related mortalities, there was a substantial lag between the management efforts and the decline of human bear interactions and human-caused bear mortalities. Increased human activity in the region may have negated the positive effects of landfill closures. Finally , to examine the influence habitat and mortality models had on grizzly bear productivity and survival, I compared the explanatory power of empirical habitat models based on grizzly bear telemetry relocations or forage availability against expert-opinion models. I used the best model, established by model selection criteria, for explaining reproductive and survival rates to predict population status for grizzly bears in Kluane . Survival and productivity of grizzly bears decreased on the periphery of the protected area adjacent to the highways. While productivity in the areas adjacent to the highways was relatively high, mortality was also high . These areas, therefore, were acting like attractive sinks. Reducing human-caused mortality on the Park periphery and developing a transboundary management strategy will be necessary to conserve grizzly bears in Kluane.
Randomized Message-Interception Smoothing: Gray-box Certificates for Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Scholten, Yan
name: Schuchardt, Jan
name: Geisler, Simon
name: Bojchevski, Aleksandar
name: Günnemann, Stephan
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Randomized smoothing is one of the most promising frameworks for certifying the adversarial robustness of machine learning models, including Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Yet, existing randomized smoothing certificates for GNNs are overly pessimistic since they treat the model as a black box, ignoring the underlying architecture. To remedy this, we propose novel gray-box certificates that exploit the message-passing principle of GNNs: We randomly intercept messages and carefully analyze the probability that messages from adversarially controlled nodes reach their target nodes. Compared to existing certificates, we certify robustness to much stronger adversaries that control entire nodes in the graph and can arbitrarily manipulate node features. Our certificates provide stronger guarantees for attacks at larger distances, as messages from farther-away nodes are more likely to get intercepted. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method on various models and datasets. Since our gray-box certificates consider the underlying graph structure, we can significantly improve certifiable robustness by applying graph sparsification.
Meromorphic exact solutions of the generalized Bretherton equation
Creators: name: Kudryashov, Nikolay A.
name: Sinelshchikov, Dmitry I.
name: Demina, Maria V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generalized Bretherton equation is studied. The classification of the meromorphic traveling wave solutions for this equation is presented. All possible exact solutions of the generalized Brethenton equation are given.
Magnetic resonance imaging derived biomarkers in multiple sclerosis
Creators: name: Zhang, Yunyan
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 143-172
description: Several mechanisms contribute to the complex pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). This calls for biomarkers to characterize the heterogeneity of MS in individual subjects. The advancement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology over past decades makes it the most attractive biomarker candidate in MS. Texture analysis was applied to quantify subtle abnormalities on the MRI from people with MS. A classical statistical method (gray level co-occurrence matrix) was able to detect a tread yet not significant difference of therapeutic responses between different tissue types. A novel time-frequency based technique (polar Stockwell Transform, PST) was then investigated. The increased PST texture was shown to represent inflammation and demyelination in a murine model of MS. PST texture altered significantly when tissue MRI evolved from normal appearing white matter to MS lesions. It decreased significantly when an active lesion became inactive. This suggests that the PST texture may be a MRI surrogate to characterize subtle and early abnormalities existed in MS tissue. MS is also a neurodegenerative disease in the central nervous system (CNS) affecting both white matter and grey matter (GM). Abnormally decreased signal intensity (black T2, BT2) in the deep GM of MS patients was noted on 1.5 T MRI. Due to the iron deposition phenomenon in its underlying tissue, 3 T MRI was more sensitive to BT2 detection than 1.5 T MRI. A higher correlation was obtained between patient disability and deep GM BT2 measured at 3 T than that at 1.5 T in MS. The association of 3 T BT2 with EDSS was greater than most of the MRI derived indices in MS. The small sample size limits broad conclusions. However, these results encourage further investigation of the clinical significance of BT2 as a biomarker for disability in MS at high field. This thesis provides evidence for proof of concept that the new developed techniques may have potential to become surrogate measures in MS diagnostics and treatment. However, these techniques need to be combined with other MRI matrices in order to obtain an integrated picture of MS.