cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 2 of Evidence on physical activity and osteoporosis prevention for people aged 65+ years: a systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Marina B.
name: Oliveira, Juliana
name: Bauman, Adrian
name: Fairhall, Nicola
name: Kwok, Wing
name: Sherrington, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Categories of physical activity programmes (ProFaNE): definitions and application.
Additional file 3 of Evidence on physical activity and osteoporosis prevention for people aged 65+ years: a systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Marina B.
name: Oliveira, Juliana
name: Bauman, Adrian
name: Fairhall, Nicola
name: Kwok, Wing
name: Sherrington, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Methodological quality of included observational studies.
Diabolical points in multi-scatterer optomechanical systems
Creators: name: Chesi, Stefano
name: Wang, Ying-Dan
name: Twamley, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diabolical points, which originate from parameter-dependent accidental degeneracies of a system's energy levels, have played a fundamental role in the discovery of the Berry phase as well as in photonics (conical refraction), in chemical dynamics, and more recently in novel materials such as graphene, whose electronic band structure possess Dirac points. Here we discuss diabolical points in an optomechanical system formed by multiple scatterers in an optical cavity with periodic boundary conditions. Such configuration is close to experimental setups using micro-toroidal rings with indentations or near-field scatterers. We find that the optomechanical coupling is no longer an analytic function near the diabolical point and demonstrate the topological phase arising through the mechanical motion. Similar to a Fabry-Perot resonator, the optomechanical coupling can grow with the number of scatterers. We also introduce a minimal quantum model of a diabolical point, which establishes a connection to the motion of an arbitrary-spin particle in a 2D parabolic quantum dot with spin-orbit coupling.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
Complexity of Grammar Induction for Quantum Types
Creators: name: Delpeuch, Antonin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Most categorical models of meaning use a functor from the syntactic category to the semantic category. When semantic information is available, the problem of grammar induction can therefore be defined as finding preimages of the semantic types under this forgetful functor, lifting the information flow from the semantic level to a valid reduction at the syntactic level. We study the complexity of grammar induction, and show that for a variety of type systems, including pivotal and compact closed categories, the grammar induction problem is NP-complete. Our approach could be extended to linguistic type systems such as autonomous or bi-closed categories.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2014, arXiv:1412.8102
Exploring the relationships between rehabilitation and survivors of Intimate Partner Violence: A Scoping Review Protocol
Creators: name: Toccalino, Danielle
name: Haag, Halina (Lin)
name: Babineau, Jessica
name: Colantonio, Angela
name: Chan, Vincy
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Allied health and rehabilitation science not elsewhere classified

description: This is a protocol for a scoping review exploring the research question what is known in the literature about the existing use of and potential opportunities for PT, OT, SLP, Physiatry services for survivors of IPV?
Evolution of ferroelectricity in tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil as a function of pressure and temperature
Creators: name: Dengl, A.
name: Beyer, R.
name: Peterseim, T.
name: Ivek, T.
name: Untereiner, G.
name: Dressel, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The neutral-to-ionic phase transition in the mixed-stack charge-transfer complex tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil (TTF-CA) has been studied by pressure-dependent infrared spectroscopy up to p=11 kbar and down to low temperatures, T = 10 K. By tracking the C=O antisymmetric stretching mode of CA molecules, we accurately determine the ionicity of TTF-CA in the pressure-temperature phase diagram. At any point the TTF-CA crystal bears only a single ionicity; there is no coexistence region or an exotic high-pressure phase. Our findings shed new light on the role of electron-phonon interaction in the neutral-ionic transition.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in JCP
FAIR assessment of biosimulation models – a cross-community project
Creators: name: Irina, Balaur
name: Danielle, Welter
name: David, Nickerson
name: Rahuman, Sheriff
name: Matthias, König
name: Henning, Hermjakob
name: Reinhard, Schneider
name: Venkata, Satagopam
name: Dagmar, Waltemath
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: FAIR, COMBINE standards, COMBINE archives, EOSC

description: Presentation of introducing the activities within the EOSCFuture-funded project on FAIR biosimulations at ICSB 2022, Berlin, Germany.
Additional file 4 of Evidence on physical activity and osteoporosis prevention for people aged 65+ years: a systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Marina B.
name: Oliveira, Juliana
name: Bauman, Adrian
name: Fairhall, Nicola
name: Kwok, Wing
name: Sherrington, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Methodological quality and reporting of included trials.
Additional file 1 of Developing a coding taxonomy to analyze dental regulatory complaints
Creators: name: Roerig, Monika
name: Farmer, Julie
name: Abdulrahman Ghoneim
name: Gomaa, Noha
name: Dempster, Laura
name: Evans, Krystal
name: La, Wanda
name: Quiñonez, Carlos
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table 1. Summary of inter-rater reliability values at the problem category level.
Additional file 5 of Evidence on physical activity and osteoporosis prevention for people aged 65+ years: a systematic review to inform the WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour
Creators: name: Pinheiro, Marina B.
name: Oliveira, Juliana
name: Bauman, Adrian
name: Fairhall, Nicola
name: Kwok, Wing
name: Sherrington, Catherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5: Level of evidence according to the GRADE approach (Supplementary tables and figures).
The ZX-calculus is incomplete for quantum mechanics
Creators: name: de Witt, Christian Schröder
name: Zamdzhiev, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the ZX-calculus is incomplete for quantum mechanics. We suggest the addition of a new 'color-swap' rule, of which currently no analytical formulation is known and which we suspect may be necessary, but not sufficient to make the ZX-calculus complete.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2014, arXiv:1412.8102
Lossy gossip and composition of metrics
Creators: name: Brouwer, Andries E.
name: Draisma, Jan
name: Frenk, Bart J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14T05, 52B70, 05C35, 20M99

description: We study the monoid generated by n-by-n distance matrices under tropical (or min-plus) multiplication. Using the tropical geometry of the orthogonal group, we prove that this monoid is a finite polyhedral fan of dimension n(n-1)/2, and we compute the structure of this fan for n up to 5. The monoid captures gossip among n gossipers over lossy phone lines, and contains the gossip monoid over ordinary phone lines as a submonoid. We prove several new results about this submonoid, as well. In particular, we establish a sharp bound on chains of calls in each of which someone learns something new.
description: Minor textual edits, final version
A FAIR Digital Object Lab Software Stack
Creators: name: Pfeil, Andreas
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: FAIR Digital Objects
Tools
Persistent Identifiers
Kernel Information Profiles
Research Environments
Helmholtz Metadata Collaboration Platform (HMC)

description: Preprocessing data for research, like finding, accessing, unifying or converting, takes up to large parts of research time spans. The FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability) principles aim to support and facilitate the (re)use of data, and will contribute to alleviating this problem. A FAIR Digital Object (FAIR DO) captures research data resources of all kinds (raw data, metadata, software, …) in order to align them with the FAIR principles. FAIR Digital Objects are expressive, machine-actionable pointers to research data. As such, each FAIR DO points to one research data object. Additionally, they may link to other FAIR DOs, explaining their relations. The FAIR Digital Object Lab is an extendable and adjustable architecture (a software stack) for generic FAIR Digital Object tasks. It consists of a set of interacting components with services and tools for creation, validation, discovery, curation, and more. In this talk, we will present our plans for the FAIR DO Lab and explain our decisions, which are mostly based on the experience gained in previous developments. The creation and maintenance of FAIR DOs is not trivial, as their persistent identifiers (PIDs) contain typed record information. When creating or maintaining PID records of FAIR DOs, the required information has to be validated, involving calls to a public Data Type Registry (DTR). After a successful validation, the information has to be transformed to a representation of a PID service. After a FAIR DO has been registered successfully, the PID should be documented locally and disseminated. Using these PIDs as a starting point, tools may use the machine-actionability of FAIR DOs to maintain search indexes or to create collections. This enables researchers to look up PIDs by searching for record information or timestamp. We are developing a set of services, offering a solution to support these use-cases, which we call the FAIR DO Lab. Its goal is to have a production-ready and configurable software stack, easing the development of FAIR-DO-aware tools and services by offering at least the described use-cases. We have already gained some experience by its predecessor, the FAIR DO Testbed, which was introduced at the Research Data Alliance (RDA) Virtual Plenary 17 Poster Session. The Lab will be configurable similar to the Testbed, as each service can be omitted or replaced to satisfy specific needs while integrating the Lab on top of existing research infrastructures.
Selecting superluminous supernovae in faint galaxies from the first year of the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey
Creators: name: McCrum, M.
name: Smartt, S. J.
name: Rest, A.
name: Smith, K.
name: Kotak, R.
name: Rodney, S. A.
name: Young, D. R.
name: Chornock, R.
name: Berger, E.
name: Foley, R. J.
name: Fraser, M.
name: Wright, D.
name: Scolnic, D.
name: Tonry, J. L.
name: Urata, Y.
name: Huang, K.
name: Pastorello, A.
name: Botticella, M. T.
name: Valenti, S.
name: Mattila, S.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Farrow, D. J.
name: Huber, M. E.
name: Stubbs, C. W.
name: Kirshner, R. P.
name: Bresolin, F.
name: Burgett, W. S.
name: Chambers, K. C.
name: Draper, P. W.
name: Flewelling, H.
name: Jedicke, R.
name: Kaiser, N.
name: Magnier, E. A.
name: Metcalfe, N.
name: Morgan, J. S.
name: Price, P. A.
name: Sweeney, W.
name: Wainscoat, R. J.
name: Waters, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Pan-STARRS1 (PS1) survey has obtained imaging in 5 bands (grizy_P1) over 10 Medium Deep Survey (MDS) fields covering a total of 70 square degrees. This paper describes the search for apparently hostless supernovae (SNe) within the first year of PS1 MDS data with an aim of discovering new superluminous supernovae (SLSNe). A total of 249 hostless transients were discovered down to a limiting magnitude of M_AB ~ 23.5, of which 76 were classified as Type Ia SNe. There were 57 SNe with complete light curves that are likely core-collapse SNe (CCSNe) or SLSNe and 12 of these have had spectra taken. Of these 12 hostless, non-Type Ia SNe, 7 were SLSNe of Type Ic at redshifts between 0.5-1.4. This illustrates that the discovery rate of Type Ic SLSNe can be maximised by concentrating on hostless transients and removing normal SNe Ia. We present data for two new possible SLSNe; PS1-10pm (z = 1.206) and PS1-10ahf (z = 1.1), and estimate the rate of SLSNe-Ic to be between 3^{+3}_{-2} * 10^{-5} and 8^{+2}_{-1} * 10^{-5} of the CCSNe rate within 0.3 <= z <= 1.4 by applying a Monte-Carlo technique. The rate of slowly evolving, SN2007bi-like explosions is estimated as a factor of 10 lower than this range.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Testing quantum gravity by nanodiamond interferometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers
Creators: name: Albrecht, Andreas
name: Retzker, Alex
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interferometry with massive particles may have the potential to explore the limitations of standard quantum mechanics in particular where it concerns its boundary with general relativity and the yet to be developed theory of quantum gravity. This development is hindered considerably by the lack of experimental evidence and testable predictions. Analyzing effects that appear to be common to many of such theories, such as a modification of the energy dispersion and of the canonical commutation relation within the standard framework of quantum mechanics, has been proposed as a possible way forward. Here we analyze in some detail the impact of a modified energy-momentum dispersion in a Ramsey-Bordé setup and provide achievable bounds of these correcting terms when operating such an interferometer with nanodiamonds. Thus, taking thermal and gravitational disturbances into account will show that without specific prerequisites, quantum gravity modifications may in general be suppressed requiring a revision of previously estimated bounds. As a possible solution we propose a stable setup that is rather insensitive to these effects. Finally, we address the problems of decoherence and pulse errors in such setups and discuss the scalings and advantages with increasing particle mass.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures, extended discussion of the interference pattern
Depicting qudit quantum mechanics and mutually unbiased qudit theories
Creators: name: Ranchin, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize the ZX calculus to quantum systems of dimension higher than two. The resulting calculus is sound and universal for quantum mechanics. We define the notion of a mutually unbiased qudit theory and study two particular instances of these theories in detail: qudit stabilizer quantum mechanics and Spekkens-Schreiber toy theory for dits. The calculus allows us to analyze the structure of qudit stabilizer quantum mechanics and provides a geometrical picture of qudit stabilizer theory using D-toruses, which generalizes the Bloch sphere picture for qubit stabilizer quantum mechanics. We also use our framework to describe generalizations of Spekkens toy theory to higher dimensional systems. This gives a novel proof that qudit stabilizer quantum mechanics and Spekkens-Schreiber toy theory for dits are operationally equivalent in three dimensions. The qudit pictorial calculus is a useful tool to study quantum foundations, understand the relationship between qubit and qudit quantum mechanics, and provide a novel, high level description of quantum information protocols.
description: In Proceedings QPL 2014, arXiv:1412.8102
Additional file 1 of A 12-month, prospective, observational study of ranibizumab in treatment-naïve Taiwanese patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the RACER study
Creators: name: Wu, Wen-Chuan
name: Jiann-Torng Chen
name: Ching-Yao Tsai
name: Chien-Liang Wu
name: Cheng-Kuo Cheng
name: Yun-Dun Shen
name: Tsai, Arslan
name: Wu, Pei-Chang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Eligibility Criteria for NHI reimbursement [4]. Table S2. Colour fundus photography results compared with baseline (ITT population). Table S3.Baseline demographics, ocular and disease characteristics for patients with nAMD treated with ranibizumab 0.5 mg, by subgroups (ITT population).
Zipf's law in city size from a resource utilization model
Creators: name: Ghosh, Asim
name: Chatterjee, Arnab
name: Chakrabarti, Anindya S.
name: Chakrabarti, Bikas K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Finance (q-fin.GN)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We study a resource utilization scenario characterized by intrinsic fitness. To describe the growth and organization of different cities, we consider a model for resource utilization where many restaurants compete, as in a game, to attract customers using an iterative learning process. Results for the case of restaurants with uniform fitness are reported. When fitness is uniformly distributed, it gives rise to a Zipf law for the number of customers. We perform an exact calculation for the utilization fraction for the case when choices are made independent of fitness. A variant of the model is also introduced where the fitness can be treated as an ability to stay in the business. When a restaurant loses customers, its fitness is replaced by a random fitness. The steady state fitness distribution is characterized by a power law, while the distribution of the number of customers still follows the Zipf law, implying the robustness of the model. Our model serves as a paradigm for the emergence of Zipf law in city size distribution.
description: 7 pages, 5 figs; accepted in Phys Rev E
Stellar Wind Erosion of Protoplanetary Discs
Creators: name: Schnepf, Neesha R.
name: Lovelace, Richard V. E.
name: Romanova, Marina
name: Airapetian, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytic model is developed for the erosion of protoplanetary gas discs by high velocity magnetized stellar winds. The winds are centrifugally driven from the surface of rapidly rotating, strongly magnetized young stars. The presence of the magnetic field in the wind leads to Reynolds numbers sufficiently large to cause a strongly turbulent wind/disk boundary layer which entrains and carries away the disc gas. The model uses the conservation of mass and momentum in the turbulent boundary layer. The time-scale for significant erosion depends on the disc accretion speed and accretion rate and on the wind mass loss rate and the wind velocity. The time-scale is estimated to be 2E6 yr. A significant contribution to the disc erosion can come from frequent powerful coronal mass ejections (CMEs) where the average mass loss rate in CMEs and velocities have values comparable to those for the steady wind.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Gendered neighbourhoods: Exploring women's and men's perceptions of safety in the Latrobe Valley
Creators: name: Keel, Chloe
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 440214
subject: Sociological studies of crime
classificationCode: 441003
subject: Rural sociology
classificationCode: 441099
subject: Sociology not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 440299
subject: Criminology not elsewhere classified

description: The purpose of this document is to provide an outline of research recently conducted in the Latrobe Valley for interested stakeholders. On August 2, 2023, Chloe Keel presented findings at the Latrobe Valley Authority. This document provides a summary of the key points for discussion.
Open Science: How do we do it?
Creators: name: Barrett, Andrew P
name: Meier, Walt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Open Science, NASA

description: Presented at National Snow and Ice Data Center CPP Seminar 25 January 2023 On 11 January, 2023, the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy officially inaugurated 2023 as the “Year of Open Science”. This follows on the heels of the release of a memorandum on 25 August 2022 that called for all federal agencies to ensure that all peer-reviewed publications, along with associated data and code, from federally funded research be made freely available and publicly accessible without any embargo or delay after publication1. Federal agencies that fund research are already requiring sponsored researchers to take similar steps as a condition to receive funding. These funding agencies will also soon require both data management and software sharing plans to be included as part of proposals. Many journals now either require or strongly encourage data and code associated with manuscripts to be shared openly. These moves towards a more open science are intended to make science more transparent, reproducible, equitable and also more accessible to a more diverse community. While it is hopefully clear that Open Science is a better way of doing science, it is less clear how we can “do” Open Science. Many groups are working to help facilitate open science, including NASA through its “Transform to Open Science” (TOPS) program, which has developed an OpenCore curriculum. In this seminar, we will present a brief overview of the Ethos of Open Science, review some of the current initiatives (e.g., TOPS), and present thoughts on how we as researchers can start to do Open Science. There is no single correct way to do Open Science. We suggest taking small steps to integrate open science practices into scientific workflows. Taking time to learn new tools that enable these open science practices is a good way to develop skills as you start new projects.
description: Links and references can be found at https://github.com/nsidc/nsidc_open_science/blob/main/cpp_references.md#open-science-how-to-do-it--notes-links-and-references
Inferring predator-prey interactions from camera traps: A Bayesian co-abundance modelling approach
Creators: name: Amir, Zachary
name: Sovie, Adia R.
name: Luskin, Matthew
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Community ecology (excl. invasive species ecology)

description: This Figshare repository contains a single .zip file that containts all R code, datasets, and completed co-abundance models to run your own co-abundance model and generate the same figures included in the manuscript. Individual data files (e.g., count_history_matrix) and completed models (e.g., OG models) are saved in their folders within the .zip file. The repository contains a very detailed README file that includes a series of questions to determine if running a co-abundance model is the right option for you and detailed descriptions of each data type. The R script included in the repository is well ##hashed## out and explained clearly throughout the document.
title: Optimization of translation profiles enhances protein expression and solubility
Creators: name: Hess, Anne-Katrin
name: Saffert, Paul
name: Liebeton, Klaus
name: Ignatova, Zoya
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: mRNA is translated with a non-uniform speed that actively coordinates co-translational folding of protein domains. Using structure-based homology we identified the structural domains in epoxide hydrolases (EHs) and introduced slow-translating codons to delineate the translation of single domains. These changes in translation speed dramatically improved the solubility of two EHs of metagenomic origin in Escherichia coli. Conversely, the importance of transient attenuation for the folding, and consequently solubility, of EH was evidenced with a member of the EH family from Agrobacterium radiobacter, which partitions in the soluble fraction when expressed in E. coli. Synonymous substitutions of codons shaping the slow-transiting regions to fast-translating codons render this protein insoluble. Furthermore, we show that low protein yield can be enhanced by decreasing the free folding energy of the initial 5'-coding region, which can disrupt mRNA secondary structure and enhance ribosomal loading. This study provides direct experimental evidence that mRNA is not a mere messenger for translation of codons into amino acids but bears an additional layer of information for folding, solubility and expression level of the encoded protein. Furthermore, it provides a general frame on how to modulate and fine-tune gene expression of a target protein.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 518
Boson sampling with displaced single-photon Fock states versus single-photon-added coherent states---The quantum-classical divide and computational-complexity transitions in linear optics
Creators: name: Seshadreesan, Kaushik P.
name: Olson, Jonathan P.
name: Motes, Keith R.
name: Rohde, Peter P.
name: Dowling, Jonathan P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Boson sampling is a specific quantum computation, which is likely hard to implement efficiently on a classical computer. The task is to sample the output photon number distribution of a linear optical interferometric network, which is fed with single-photon Fock state inputs. A question that has been asked is if the sampling problems associated with any other input quantum states of light (other than the Fock states) to a linear optical network and suitable output detection strategies are also of similar computational complexity as boson sampling. We consider the states that differ from the Fock states by a displacement operation, namely the displaced Fock states and the photon-added coherent states. It is easy to show that the sampling problem associated with displaced single-photon Fock states and a displaced photon number detection scheme is in the same complexity class as boson sampling for all values of displacement. On the other hand, we show that the sampling problem associated with single-photon-added coherent states and the same displaced photon number detection scheme demonstrates a computational complexity transition. It transitions from being just as hard as boson sampling when the input coherent amplitudes are sufficiently small, to a classically simulatable problem in the limit of large coherent amplitudes.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; published version
A Comprehensive Study on Air Quality Detection Using ML Algorithms
Creators: name: Himanshu Sinha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description:    An indicator of the air's condition, an air quality index (AQI) is a metric. It evaluates an air pollution's immediate health effects. The combustion of fossil fuels (like Wood, coal and natural gas), as well as industrial processes and automobile emissions, are major contributors to air pollution. Among the many air pollutants are NO, CO, and CO2. Air pollution is a leading source of serious health problems, including cancer of the lungs and brain, and in extreme cases, death. After calculate an AQI, machine learning methods are useful. The AQI's mission is to inform people about the dangers of breathing polluted air in their area. The study summarises the, including its main points. This study delves into a growing issue of air pollution and a crucial need for efficient air quality monitoring and evaluation, with a focus on cities that are undergoing fast industrialisation and population expansions. The research delves into several methods for forecasting air quality using machine learning algorithms, taking into account aspects like pollution concentrations, spatio-temporal dynamics, and the effects on both human and environmental health. The paper summarises previous research on methods for predicting air quality, with an emphasis on statistical approaches and basic machine-learning models.
title: Roads at risk
title: traffic detours from debris flows in southern Norway
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Meyer, Nele Kristin
name: Schwanghart, Wolfgang
name: Korup, Oliver
name: Nadim, F.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Globalisation and interregional exchange of people, goods, and services has boosted the importance of and reliance on all kinds of transport networks. The linear structure of road networks is especially sensitive to natural hazards. In southern Norway, steep topography and extreme weather events promote frequent traffic disruption caused by debris flows. Topographic susceptibility and trigger frequency maps serve as input into a hazard appraisal at the scale of first-order catchments to quantify the impact of debris flows on the road network in terms of a failure likelihood of each link connecting two network vertices, e.g. road junctions. We compute total additional traffic loads as a function of traffic volume and excess distance, i.e. the extra length of an alternative path connecting two previously disrupted network vertices using a shortest-path algorithm. Our risk metric of link failure is the total additional annual traffic load, expressed as vehicle kilometres, because of debris-flow-related road closures. We present two scenarios demonstrating the impact of debris flows on the road network and quantify the associated path-failure likelihood between major cities in southern Norway. The scenarios indicate that major routes crossing the central and north-western part of the study area are associated with high link-failure risk. Yet options for detours on major routes are manifold and incur only little additional costs provided that drivers are sufficiently well informed about road closures. Our risk estimates may be of importance to road network managers and transport companies relying on speedy delivery of services and goods.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 519
The Scattering Variety
Creators: name: He, Yang-Hui
name: Matti, Cyril
name: Sun, Chuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The so-called Scattering Equations which govern the kinematics of the scattering of massless particles in arbitrary dimensions have recently been cast into a system of homogeneous polynomials. We study these as affine and projective geometries which we call Scattering Varieties by analyzing such properties as Hilbert series, Euler characteristic and singularities. Interestingly, we find structures such as affine Calabi-Yau threefolds as well as singular K3 and Fano varieties.
description: 29 pages; v2: substantially improved presentation, results added (Hodge diamond), references added, typos corrected
title: Outward rectification of voltage-gated K+ channels evolved at least twice in life history
Creators: name: Riedelsberger, Janin
name: Dreyer, Ingo
name: Gonzalez, Wendy
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Voltage-gated potassium (K+) channels are present in all living systems. Despite high structural similarities in the transmembrane domains (TMD), this K+ channel type segregates into at least two main functional categories-hyperpolarization-activated, inward-rectifying (Kin) and depolarization-activated, outward-rectifying (Kout) channels. Voltage-gated K+ channels sense the membrane voltage via a voltage-sensing domain that is connected to the conduction pathway of the channel. It has been shown that the voltage-sensing mechanism is the same in Kin and Kout channels, but its performance results in opposite pore conformations. It is not known how the different coupling of voltage-sensor and pore is implemented. Here, we studied sequence and structural data of voltage-gated K+ channels from animals and plants with emphasis on the property of opposite rectification. We identified structural hotspots that alone allow already the distinction between Kin and Kout channels. Among them is a loop between TMD S5 and the pore that is very short in animal Kout, longer in plant and animal Kin and the longest in plant Kout channels. In combination with further structural and phylogenetic analyses this finding suggests that outward-rectification evolved twice and independently in the animal and plant kingdom.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 521
title: Stress field sensitivity analysis in a sedimentary sequence of the Alpine foreland, northern Switzerland
Creators: name: Hergert, T.
name: Heidbach, Oliver
name: Reiter, Karsten
name: Giger, S. B.
name: Marschall, P.
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The stress field at depth is a relevant parameter for the design of subsurface constructions and reservoir management. Yet the distortion of the regional stress field due to local-scale features such as sedimentary and tectonic structures or topography is often poorly constrained. We conduct a stress sensitivity analysis using 3-D numerical geomechanical modelling with an elasto-plastic material law to explore the impact of such site-specific features on the stress field in a sedimentary sequence of the Swiss Alpine foreland. The model's dimensions are 14 x 14 x 3 km(3) and it contains 10 units with different mechanical properties, intersected by two regional fault zones. An initial stress state is established involving a semi-empirical relationship between the ratio of horizontal to vertical stress and the overconsolidation ratio of argillaceous sediments. The model results indicate that local topography can affect the stress field significantly to depths greater than the relief contrasts at the surface, especially in conjunction with horizontal tectonic loading. The complexity and frictional properties of faults are also relevant. The greatest variability of the stress field arises across the different sedimentary units. Stress magnitudes and stress anisotropy are much larger in stiffer formations such as massive limestones than in softer argillaceous formations. The stiffer formations essentially carry the load of the far-field forces and are therefore more sensitive to changes of the boundary conditions. This general characteristic of stress distribution in the stiff and soft formations is broadly maintained also with progressive loading towards the plastic limit. The stress field in argillaceous sediments within a stack of formations with strongly contrasting mechanical properties like in the Alpine foreland appears to be relatively insensitive to changes in the tectonic boundary conditions and is largely controlled by the maximum stiffness contrast with respect to the load-bearing formations.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 522
The lightest neutral hypernuclei with strangeness -1 and -2
Creators: name: Richard, Jean-Marc
name: Wang, Qian
name: Zhao, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our current knowledge of the baryon--baryon interaction suggests that the dineutron $(n,n)$ and its strange analogue $(n,Λ)$ are unstable. In contrast, the situation is more favorable for the strange three-body system $(n,n,Λ)$, and even better for the four-body system $T\equiv (n,n,Λ,Λ)$ with strangeness $-2$, which is likely to be stable under spontaneous dissociation. The recent models of the hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions suggest that the stability of the $(n,n,Λ)$ and $T$ is possible within the uncertainties of our knowledge of the baryon-baryon interactions. This new nucleus $T$ could be produced and identified in central deuteron--deuteron collisions via reaction $d+d\to T+K^++K^+$, and the tetrabaryon $T$ could play an important role in catalyzing the formation of a strange core in neutron stars.
description: Revised version accepted by PRC
Additional file 1 of Association of gestational age with MRI-based biometrics of brain development in fetuses
Creators: name: Yuequan Shi
name: Yunjing Xue
name: Chunxia Chen
name: Kaiwu Lin
name: Zhou, Zuofu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology

description: Additional file 1. Sex effect for biometric measurements.
Collaborating on dashboards for open access book usage
Creators: name: Stern, Niels
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open access, Monographs, Books, Usage statistics, Usage data

description: Open access (OA) to books (monographs, edited collections, and other scholarly long-form publications) is gaining momentum. More and more publishers are including OA in their publishing programmes and others are already committed to always publishing their books OA. An increasing number of research funders include mandates for OA books, requiring authors to publish in open access. Simultaneously, libraries increasingly support OA book publishing programmes and infrastructures. For all these three actors, usage data is important. In short, a publisher wants to understand how well they manage to distribute their books; research funders want to measure the impact of the books they fund through standardised metrics; and libraries need data to inform their decision-making process about their support OA book publishing initiatives. However, for OA books the channels and sources to seek usage data are different compared to non-OA books. There is an urgent need for global collaboration to ensure proper collection of the data, interoperability, and well-designed access to the data for all actors in the field independent of size, geography, or financial capabilities. The lecture will address this issue in two steps. Firstly, we will showcase OAPEN’s new open access books usage statistics dashboard (to be launched in May 2022) for the libraries, publishers, and research funders that we work with. They will get seamless and up-to-date access to the COUNTER data (provided by IRUS-UK) for the usage of the 20,000+ titles in the OAPEN Library via this new dashboard. Secondly, the lecture will share how OAPEN plans to expand this dashboard initiative through an Andrew Mellon funded project together with Curtin University (AUS) and Educopia (U.S.). The aim of this project is to scale up the collection and display of interoperable usage data for open access books across multiple platforms to the benefit of publishers, libraries, and funders.
Mean and Extreme Radio Properties of Quasars and the Origin of Radio Emission
Creators: name: Kratzer, Rachael M.
name: Richards, Gordon T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of both the radio-loud fraction (RLF) and (using stacking analysis) the mean radio-loudness of quasars. We consider how these values evolve as a function of redshift and luminosity, black hole (BH) mass and accretion rate, and parameters related to the dominance of a wind in the broad emission line region. We match the FIRST source catalog to samples of luminous quasars (both spectroscopic and photometric), primarily from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. After accounting for catastrophic errors in BH mass estimates at high-redshift, we find that both the RLF and the mean radio luminosity increase for increasing BH mass and decreasing accretion rate. Similarly both the RLF and mean radio loudness increase for quasars which are argued to have weaker radiation line driven wind components of the broad emission line region. In agreement with past work, we find that the RLF increases with increasing luminosity and decreasing redshift while the mean radio-loudness evolves in the exact opposite manner. This difference in behavior between the mean radio-loudness and the RLF in L-z may indicate selection effects that bias our understanding of the evolution of the RLF; deeper surveys in the optical and radio are needed to resolve this discrepancy. Finally, we argue that radio-loud (RL) and radio-quiet (RQ) quasars may be parallel sequences but where only RQ quasars at one extreme of the distribution are likely to become RL, possibly through slight differences in spin and/or merger history.
description: 55 pages, 28 figures, accepted to AJ
Additional file 1 of Association between haematological parameters and sickle cell genotypes in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria resident in Kisumu County in Western Kenya
Creators: name: Kosiyo, Paul
name: Otieno, Walter
name: Gitaka, Jesse
name: Munde, Elly O.
name: Ouma, Collins
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1.
Band antiferromagnetism in a two-band model for iron pnictides
Creators: name: Schickling, Tobias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work I investigate a two-band Hubbard model using the Gutzwiller wavefunction. The tight-binding part of the model was constructed to have a gapless spin-density wave state which leads to Dirac points in the bandstructure, a common feature of many iron-pnictide compounds. For quarter, half and three-quarter fillings I show that the Hund's rule coupling has a large impact on the metal-insulator transition in the paramagnetic phase. For the half-filled model in the antiferromagnetic phase, the magnetism evolves in a Stoner-like behavior and the size of the ordered moment is mainly determined by the Hubbard interaction. As the Hund's coupling plays a minor role in this state, the model does not describe a Hund's metal which is in contrast to more realistic models for iron-pnictide compounds.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
Cosmological constant in SUGRA models with Planck scale SUSY breaking and degenerate vacua
Creators: name: Froggatt, C. D.
name: Nevzorov, R.
name: Nielsen, H. B.
name: Thomas, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The empirical mass of the Higgs boson suggests small to vanishing values of the quartic Higgs self--coupling and the corresponding beta function at the Planck scale, leading to degenerate vacua. This leads us to suggest that the measured value of the cosmological constant can originate from supergravity (SUGRA) models with degenerate vacua. This scenario is realised if there are at least three exactly degenerate vacua. In the first vacuum, associated with the physical one, local supersymmetry (SUSY) is broken near the Planck scale while the breakdown of the SU(2)_W\times U(1)_Y symmetry takes place at the electroweak (EW) scale. In the second vacuum local SUSY breaking is induced by gaugino condensation at a scale which is just slightly lower than Λ_{QCD} in the physical vacuum. Finally, in the third vacuum local SUSY and EW symmetry are broken near the Planck scale.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure, version of the paper published in PLB
Weakly bound states of two- and three-boson systems in the crossover from two to three dimension
Creators: name: Yamashita, M. T.
name: Bellotti, F. F.
name: Frederico, T.
name: Fedorov, D. V.
name: Jensen, A. S.
name: Zinner, N. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum and properties of quantum bound states is strongly dependent on the dimensionality of space. How this comes about and how one may theoretically and experimentally study the interpolation between different dimensions is a topic of great interest in different fields of physics. In this paper we study weakly bound states of non-relativistic two and three boson systems when passing continuously from a three (3D) to a two-dimensional (2D) regime within a 'squeezed dimension' model. We use periodic boundary conditions to derive a surprisingly simple form of the three-boson Schr{ö}dinger equation in momentum space that we solve numerically. Our results show a distinct dimensional crossover as three-boson states will either disappear into the continuum or merge with a 2D counterpart, and also a series of sharp transitions in the ratios of three-body and two-body energies from being purely 2D to purely 3D.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, revised version
title: C/C++ Vulnerabilities and exploitation techniques
title: C/C++ Ευπάθειες και τεχνικές επίλυσης
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Σαρρίδης, Νικόλαος-Αθανάσιος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Program security
Vulnerabilities
Binary exploitation
Ethical hacking
Cyber range system
CTF challenges
C
C++

description: This thesis focuses on finding, triggering, abusing, explaining, and exploiting common vulnerabilities when writing a C/C++ program, which are related to program security. Someone can take advantage of these vulnerabilities and gain access to the system or read confidential files they are not allowed to. The aim is to eliminate these programming "errors" that trigger a bug (from the defensive side) and learn how to find such flaws to patch them and write more secure code.