cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Housing on Health and Challenges of Demographic Changes
Creators: name: Kritika Rana
name: Shrestha, Vikram
name: Chimoriya, Ritesh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Uncategorized
subject: 111799 Public Health and Health Services not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 129999 Built Environment and Design not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: There is overwhelming evidence on the robust relationship between housing and health, and the effect of poor housing conditions on health risks and outcomes. Although adequate housing is a fundamental human right and an essential social determinant of health, global prevalence of poor housing conditions is a key public health issue. Identification of the factors of housing associated with health and wellbeing, and investigation of health risks and outcomes attributed to housing conditions are essential preventive measures to ensure enhancement of both housing conditions and overall health. On the other hand, demographic changes and current trends of population growth indicate increased pressure on housing and health sectors globally. Current demographic trends suggest rapid growth of ageing population and increased urbanisation as the major challenges. It is vital to examine if the existing housing conditions would be sufficient to cater to the future needs, and address any issues arising due to the projected demographic changes. This review aims to examine existing literature focusing on the effect of housing on health and the challenges arising due to demographic changes. The findings presented in this review may provide valuable insights on the effects of housing on health and inform housing and health sectors on the future directives to be undertaken.
Improved Neural Network based Plant Diseases Identification
Creators: name: Garg, Ginni
name: Biswas, Mantosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The agriculture sector is essential for every country because it provides a basic income to a large number of people and food as well, which is a fundamental requirement to survive on this planet. We see as time passes, significant changes come in the present era, which begins with Green Revolution. Due to improper knowledge of plant diseases, farmers use fertilizers in excess, which ultimately degrade the quality of food. Earlier farmers use experts to determine the type of plant disease, which was expensive and time-consuming. In today time, Image processing is used to recognize and catalog plant diseases using the lesion region of plant leaf, and there are different modus-operandi for plant disease scent from leaf using Neural Networks (NN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and others. In this paper, we improving the architecture of the Neural Networking by working on ten different types of training algorithms and the proper choice of neurons in the concealed layer. Our proposed approach gives 98.30% accuracy on general plant leaf disease and 100% accuracy on specific plant leaf disease based on Bayesian regularization, automation of cluster and without over-fitting on considered plant diseases over various other implemented methods.
description: 12 pages, 7 Tables, 5 figures
Type II pp-wave Matrix Models from Point-like Gravitons
Creators: name: Lozano, Yolanda
name: Rodriguez-Gomez, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BMN Matrix model can be regarded as a theory of coincident M-theory gravitons, which expand by Myers dielectric effect into the 2-sphere and 5-sphere giant graviton vacua of the theory. In this note we show that, in the same fashion, Matrix String theory in Type IIA pp-wave backgrounds arises from the action for coincident Type IIA gravitons. In Type IIB, we show that the action for coincident gravitons in the maximally supersymmetric pp-wave background gives rise to a Matrix model which supports fuzzy 3-sphere giant graviton vacua with the right behavior in the classical limit. We discuss the relation between our Matrix model and the Tiny Graviton Matrix theory of hep-th/0406214.
description: 18 pages
Social anxiety and attitudes toward counselling in University students
Creators: name: Bushnell, Judith Elizabeth
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Previous research suggests that the self-presentational concerns often voiced by socially anxious individuals may inhibit psychological help-seeking. The present study examined whether social anxiety is associated with unfavourable attitudes toward seeking counselling, as well as with specific helper-directed concerns and helper preferences. University students who scored low or high on a self-report measure of social anxiety were compared on several self-report measures of help-seeking developed specifically for this investigation. The results showed that socially anxious students had more negative attitudes toward seeking counselling than students who were not socially anxious. Socially anxious students were also less comfortable with the prospect of disclosing personal information to a counsellor, and were more apprehensive about the possibility of being viewed unfavourably by a counsellor, than their less anxious peers. Implications for counselling and directions for future research are discussed.
Αναερόβια συγχώνευση αποβλήτων βοοειδών με διαφορετικούς τύπους φυτικής βιομάζας στο μεσόφιλο εύρος
Creators: name: Καλαμάρας, Σωτήριος Δημητρίου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Βιοαέριο
Αναερόβια συγχώνευση
Απόβλητα βοοειδών
Biogas
Anaerobic codigestion
Cattle waste

description: Στην παρούσα έρευνα, εναλλακτικά γεωργικά υποστρώματα μελετήθηκαν ως πιθανοί αντικαταστάτες του καλαμποκιού, για την παραγωγή βιοαερίου στην περιοχή της Νότιας Ευρώπης. Ενσίρωμα αγριοαγκινάρας, καλαμποκιού, σόργου και γαϊδουράγκαθου καθώς και άχυρο στρωμνής από φάρμες ζώων ερευνήθηκαν ως προς την αναερόβια συναποικοδόμηση με την κόπρο βοοειδών. Η καλλιέργεια γαϊδουράγκαθου ερευνήθηκε περαιτέρω στην αποξηραμένη από τον ήλιο μορφή και επιπλέον εκτιμήθηκε η επίδραση της μηχανικής, θερμικής και θερμοχημικής προεπεξεργασίας στη σύνθεση των ινωδών ουσιών αλλά και το δυναμικό παραγωγής μεθανίου. Η προεπεξεργασία με καυστικό νάτριο αύξησε τη διαλυτοποίηση κατά εβδομήντα εφτά τις εκατό. Το πείραμα της συναποικοδόμησης πραγματοποιήθηκε σε είκοσι οκτώ αντιδραστήρες διαλείποντος έργου στη θερμοκρασία των τριάντα επτά βαθμών κελσίου. Οι υψηλότερες αποδόσεις μεθανίου ήταν τριακόσια οκτώ, διακόσια εβδομήντα ένα και διακόσια εξήντα επτά λίτρα μεθανίου ανά κιλό πτητικών στερεών και λήφθηκαν από τη συναποικοδόμηση της κόπρου βοοειδών με το ενσίρωμα αγριοαγκινάρας, τα θερμοχημικά προεπεξεργασμένα με καυστικό νάτριο στελέχη γαϊδουράγκαθου και το ενσίρωμα καλαμποκιού αντίστοιχα. Επιπλέον, η συναποικοδόμηση του άχυρου στρωμνής και της κόπρου βοοειδών είχε παρόμοια απόδοση μεθανίου με αύτη του ενσιρώματος καλαμποκιού.
description: In this study alternative agricultural substrates are investigated as potential substitutes of maize for biogas production in the region of South Europe. Crop silages of cardoon, maize, milk thistle and sorghum as well as bedding straw from cattle farm were examined in the anaerobic co-digestion procedure with cattle manure. Milk thistle crop was further investigated in a naturally sun dried form and the effect of mechanical, thermal and thermo-chemical pretreatments on fiber composition and methane yield was evaluated. Pretreatment with sodium hydroxide increased solubilization by seventy seven present. The co-digestion experiment was carried out in twenty eight batch reactors at thirty seven degrees Celsius. The highest methane yields of three hundred and eight, two hundred and seventy one and two hundred and sixty seven liters of methane per kilogram of volatile solids were obtained by co-digestion of cattle manure with cardoon silage, thermo-chemical pretreated milk thistle stalks with sodium hydroxide and maize silage, respectively. Furthermore, co-digestion of bedding straw and cattle manure had similar methane yield with maize silage.
Πολιτισμική Κληρονομιά και Διαδίκτυο: η περίπτωση Europeana.:
Creators: name: Κυργιαφίνη, Μαρία Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Πολιτισμική κληρονομιά Διαδίκτυο και Ψηφιοποίηση
Europeana
Cultural Heritage
Internet and Digitalisation

description: Ελληνική Περίληψη Η ευρωπαϊκή πολιτισμική κληρονομιά αποτελεί το θεμέλιο για την οικοδόμηση μιας κοινής ευρωπαϊκής ταυτότητας και την καλλιέργεια του αισθήματος του συνανήκειν για τους πολίτες που κατοικούν στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση. Βασική προϋπόθεση της λειτουργίας της πολιτισμικής κληρονομιάς ως κατεξοχήν ενοποιός δύναμη για τα κράτη – μέλη, πέρα απ εθνικά σύνορα, είναι ο πολιτισμικός εκδημοκρατισμός ως κίνητρο για τη γνωριμία και την αποδοχή του διαφορετικού. Στην παρούσα εργασία, μελετάμε τον τρόπο με τον οποίο στη σύγχρονη εποχή το διαδίκτυο και η ψηφιοποίηση μπορούν να λειτουργήσουν ως μέσα εκδημοκρατισμού του πολιτισμού. Ειδικότερα, εξετάζεται η μορφή και η λειτουργία του ψηφιακού μουσείου ως μέσο διάθεσης, διατήρησης και γνώσης της πολιτισμικής κληρονομιάς και συγκεκριμένα της ευρωπαϊκής, μέσω της περίπτωσης Europeana. Πρόκειται για ένα εικονικό μουσείο, δημιουργημένο από την Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση με στόχο τη συγκέντρωση και ανάδειξη σπάνιων ψηφιοποιημένων πολιτισμικών αποθεμάτων από όλη την Ευρώπη, την ψηφιακή διατήρηση του ευρωπαϊκού πολιτισμού και την αλληλεπίδραση των Ευρωπαίων πολιτών.
description: The European cultural heritage constitutes the base for the establishment of a common European identity and the facilitation of the European citizen’s urge to coexist. The basic condition for the role of cultural heritage as an eminently integrative force for the states – members, beyond national borders, is the cultural democratisation as a motive to approach and the accept the different. In this paper, the way in which, in the modern era, internet and digitalisation can function as means of democratisation of culture, is studied. More specifically, the form and operation of the digital museum is examined as a means of distribution, conservation and widespread availability of our cultural heritage, especially the European one, via Europeana. It is a virtual museum, which has been created by the European Union, aiming at the concentration and emergence of infrequent digitised cultural hoards from all over Europe, the digital conservation of European culture and, finally, the European citizens’ interaction.
What are the stressors : perspectives of community residing individuals who have a spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Steichele, Karin Christina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The need for research as well as clinical attention focused on the perspectives of individuals with disabilities is being increasingly recognized and supported. Equally recognized among the rehabilitation team and researchers involved in the area of spinal cord injury (SCI) is the highly stressful nature of the return to life in the community from the inpatient rehabilitation centre. Despite this awareness, no research could be found which explored specifically the nature of stressors experienced by individuals who have a SCI and live in the community. The purpose of this study is to address this lack of information by means of an exploratory qualitative study involving a focus group with 5 members. Suggestions from the participants for a better preparation for potential stressors at the rehabilitation centre, as well as for resources and services when living in the community will be described. The findings will contribute to raising general awareness and understanding of the potential stressors experienced by individuals who have a SCI among the research community, individuals who work with persons who have a SCI, including counsellors, society at large, and among individuals with a SCI. As well, the results may guide health professionals in designing ways to better prepare individuals for the return to life in the community and to assist individuals living in the community through effective resources and intervention programs.
Using machine learning to optimize assays for single-cell targeted DNA sequencing
Creators: name: Wang, Shu
name: Manimozhi Manivannan
name: Saurabh Gulati
name: Kim, Dong
name: Sombeet Sahu
name: Nianzhen Li
name: Sciambi, Adam
name: Niranjan Vissa
name: Beard, Nigel
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Abstract
Background: High throughput single-cell DNA sequencing allows for detection of rare mutations in cells and identification of subclones defined by zygosity and co-occurrence of mutations. This enables researchers to characterize tumor heterogeneity and progression which cannot be achieved by standard bulk sequencing. The big challenge with targeted sequencing is the non-uniform amplification of the targeted regions during PCR. This results in inadequate coverage of mutations of interest in the panel and hence makes genotyping challenging at the single-cell level. To address this challenge, we developed a machine learning engine to optimize amplicon design for uniform amplification by making reliable performance prediction.
Methods: 10 targeted sequencing panels were designed with amplicons spanning a wide range of design properties such as amplicon GC%, length, secondary structure prediction, and primer specificity. These panels were synthesized and processed through Mission Bio TapestriⓇ Platform. We pre-processed the raw reads, mapped the reads, called cells and generated the amplicon-cell read matrix using the Tapestri Insights analytical pipeline. The tested amplicons are classified into low-performer, OK-performer and high-flyer based on their normalized reads-per-cell value. The design properties of the amplicon are the features. Highly correlated features were identified and pruned. We used random forest classifier to calculate feature importance. Top features were identified using two different feature selection methods. We then analyzed the range of the top features for each class and their significance of variance between classes. These ranges were then used as parameters in the assay design pipeline.
Results: To test the performance of the design pipeline with new parameters, we designed a small (31), medium (128) and large (287) amplicon panel. Multiple runs were conducted for each panel with different cell types. We achieved high panel uniformity of 97%, 92% and 88% across the three panels. The new parameters resulted in ~10-20% improvement in panel uniformity. We are working on further optimizing the performance prediction engine by using different ML classification models with K-fold cross validation, training using larger group of amplicons, and optimizing features using combination of properties.
On the Detection Potential of Blazar Flares for Current Neutrino Telescopes
Creators: name: Kreter, M.
name: Kadler, M.
name: Krauß, F.
name: Mannheim, K.
name: Buson, S.
name: Ojha, R.
name: Wilms, J.
name: Böttcher, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazar jets are extreme environments, in which relativistic proton interactions with an ultraviolet photon field could give rise to photopion production. High-confidence associations of individual high-energy neutrinos with blazar flares could be achieved via spatially and temporally coincident detections. In 2017, the track-like, extremely high-energy neutrino event IC 170922A was found to coincide with increased $γ$-ray emission from the blazar TXS 0506+056, leading to the identification of the most promising neutrino point source candidate so far. We calculate the expected number of neutrino events that can be detected with IceCube, based on a broadband parametrization of bright short-term blazar flares that were observed in the first 6.5 years of \textit{Fermi}/LAT observations. We find that the integrated keV-to-GeV fluence of most individual blazar flares is far too small to yield a substantial Poisson probability for the detection of one or more neutrinos with IceCube. We show that the sample of potentially detectable high-energy neutrinos from individual blazar flares is rather small. We further show that the blazars 3C 279 and PKS 1510$-$089 dominate the all-sky neutrino prediction from bright and short-term blazar flares. In the end, we discuss strategies to search for more significant associations in future data unblindings of IceCube and KM3NeT.
Leveraging Adaptive Color Augmentation in Convolutional Neural Networks for Deep Skin Lesion Segmentation
Creators: name: Saha, Anindo
name: Prasad, Prem
name: Thabit, Abdullah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fully automatic detection of skin lesions in dermatoscopic images can facilitate early diagnosis and repression of malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Although convolutional neural networks are a powerful solution, they are limited by the illumination spectrum of annotated dermatoscopic screening images, where color is an important discriminative feature. In this paper, we propose an adaptive color augmentation technique to amplify data expression and model performance, while regulating color difference and saturation to minimize the risks of using synthetic data. Through deep visualization, we qualitatively identify and verify the semantic structural features learned by the network for discriminating skin lesions against normal skin tissue. The overall system achieves a Dice Ratio of 0.891 with 0.943 sensitivity and 0.932 specificity on the ISIC 2018 Testing Set for segmentation.
description: Accepted to 2020 17th IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI) [oral presentation]
Approximation of the Double Travelling Salesman Problem with Multiple Stacks
Creators: name: Alfandari, Laurent
name: Toulouse, Sophie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Double Travelling Salesman Problem with Multiple Stacks, DTSPMS, deals with the collect and delivery of n commodities in two distinct cities, where the pickup and the delivery tours are related by LIFO constraints. During the pickup tour, commodities are loaded into a container of k rows, or stacks, with capacity c. This paper focuses on computational aspects of the DTSPMS, which is NP-hard. We first review the complexity of two critical subproblems: deciding whether a given pair of pickup and delivery tours is feasible and, given a loading plan, finding an optimal pair of pickup and delivery tours, are both polynomial under some conditions on k and c. We then prove a (3k)/2 standard approximation for the MinMetrickDTSPMS, where k is a universal constant, and other approximation results for various versions of the problem. We finally present a matching-based heuristic for the 2DTSPMS, which is a special case with k=2 rows, when the distances are symmetric. This yields a 1/2-o(1), 3/4-o(1) and 3/2+o(1) standard approximation for respectively Max2DTSPMS, its restriction Max2DTSPMS-(1,2) with distances 1 and 2, and Min2DTSPMS-(1,2), and a 1/2-o(1) differential approximation for Min2DTSPMS and Max2DTSPMS.
Επιλογή της βέλτιστης θέσης μικρής ανεμογεννήτριας σε αγροτικές κατασκευές διαφορετικής γεωμετρίας με τη χρήση μαθηματικού μοντέλου
Creators: name: Βογιατζής, Ιωάννης Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: Μικρές ανεμογεννήτριες
Μέθοδος πεπερασμένων στοιχείων
Δυναμική ρευστών
Small wind turbines
Finite element method
Fluid dynamics

description: Σκοπός της παρούσας διατριβής είναι η υπολογιστική μελέτη, με τη βοήθεια μαθηματικού μοντέλου, της τυρβώδους ροής γύρω από μοντέλα αγροτικών κατασκευών. Ειδικότερα, πραγματοποιείται άμεση αριθμητική προσομοίωση της δισδιάστατης, ασταθούς και ασυμπίεστης ροής αέρα εντός αεραγωγού παρουσία εδρασμένων εμποδίων διαφορετικής γεωμετρίας με σκοπό τον καθορισμό των διαφόρων χαρακτηριστικών της ροής αέρα καθώς και της βέλτιστης θέσης μιας μικρής ανεμογεννήτριας, όπου η ροή να είναι στρωτή και με όσο το δυνατόν λιγότερες διακυμάνσεις στη διεύθυνσή της. Ο αριθμός Reynolds στην παρούσα εργασία έχει τιμή 1000.
description: The purpose of the present thesis is the computational study, with the aid of a mathematical model, of turbulent flow around rural construction models. In particular, what is implemented is a direct numerical simulation of two-dimensional, unstable and incompressible air flow in an air duct in the presence of ribs of different geometry with the aim of defining the different air flow characteristics and the optimal position of a small wind turbine, where the flow is laminar with fewer fluctuations in its direction. The Reynolds number in the present study has the value 1000.
Μελέτη για επίδραση της ελληνικής οικονομικής κρίσης στα αμερικάνικα επιτόκια.:
Creators: name: Αγαθαγγέλου, Αναστάσιος Νικολάου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: επιτόκια
αυτοπαλίνδρομο
επιρροή
interest rates
arma
influence

description: H παρούσα έρευνα αναφέρεται στην ελληνική οικονομική κρίση και προσπαθεί να εξετάσει αν υπάρχει κάποια συσχέτιση μεταξύ αυτής και των επιτοκίων των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών Αμερικής. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται με την βοήθεια των αυτοπαλίνδρομων μοντέλων κινητού μέσου ARMA(p,q) και την δημιουργία μιας συνάρτησης, η οποία περιγράφει σε ικανοποιητικό βαθμό τις καμπύλες αποδόσεων των δεκαετών ομολόγων των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών Αμερικής. Με την εισαγωγή ψευδομεταβλητών στα μοντέλα ARMA και ελέγχοντας την στατιστική σημαντικότητάς τους, εξετάζεται αν υπάρχει κάποια διαρθρωτική μεταβολή στην καμπύλη που να συσχετίζεται χρονολογικά με κάποιο χρηματοπιστωτικό γεγονός στην Ελλάδα. Η ανάλυση έδειξε ότι σε επίπεδο σημαντικότητας 5% και 10% δεν βρέθηκε καμία μεταβλητή για την οποία θα μπορούσαμε να απορρίψουμε την μηδενική υπόθεση. Σε επίπεδο σημαντικότητας 15% βρέθηκαν δύο μεταβλητές για τις οποίες θα μπορούσαμε να απορρίψουμε την μηδενική υπόθεση. Παρ ΄ όλα αυτά το Quandt-Andrews unknown breakpoint test που ακολούθησε δεν έβγαλε κάποιο αποτέλεσμα που να σχετίζεται με τις ημερομηνίες που περιγράφουν οι συγκεκριμένες δύο ψευδομεταβλητές.
description: This research refers to the Greek economic crisis and tries to determine whether there is any correlation between this and the interest rates of the United States of America. This is achieved by means of autoregressive moving average models ARMA (p, q) and the creation of a function which describes satisfactorily the curves yields on ten-year bonds of the United States of America. With the introduction of dummies in ARMA models and by checking out their statistical significance, we try to find out whether there is a structural change in the curve to correlate chronologically with a financial event in Greece. The analysis showed that at 5% and 10% significance level there is no variable for which we could reject the null hypothesis. At a significance level of 15% there are two variables for which we could reject the null hypothesis. Nevertheless, the Quandt-Andrews unknown breakpoint test that followed showed no effect associated with dates describing the specific dummies.
Funktion und Gestaltung von Formaten wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung
Creators: name: Christmann, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: Nach einer längeren Zeit der Kontinuität unterliegen Formate wissenschaftlicher Weiterbildung aktuell einer Neuausrichtung ihrer Funktion und Gestaltung. Die Anschlussfähigkeit an die Bologna-Formate, die Ausdifferenzierung des Zielgruppenbezugs, eine verstärkte Nachfrage- und Bedarfsorientierung sowie die Forderung nach Durchlässigkeit der Angebote erfordern klare Regelungen hinsichtlich Zulassung, Struktur, Dauer und Abschluss. Warum eine konsequente und allgemein verbindliche Systematisierung und Standardisierung der Formate bisher nicht realisiert wurde und welche Empfehlungen hierzu vorliegen und diskutiert werden, ist Gegenstand dieses Beitrages.
description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
Feats, Features and Failures of the PR-box
Creators: name: Scarani, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most intriguing features of quantum physics is the non-locality of correlations that can be obtained by measuring entangled particles. Recently, it has been noticed that non-locality can be studied without reference to the Hilbert space formalism. I review here the properties of the basic mathematical tool used for such studies, the so called Popescu-Rohrlich-box, in short PR-box. Among its feats, are the simulation of the correlations of the singlet and of other non-local probability distributions. Among its features, the "anomaly of non-locality" and a great power for information-theoretical tasks. Among its failures, the impossibility of reproducing all multi-partite distributions and the triviality of the allowed dynamics.
description: Proceedings of the Conference "On the Present Status of Quantum Mechanics", Losinj, September 2005; and Festschrift for the 70th birthday of GianCarlo Ghirardi
Improved Diagnosis of Tibiofemoral Cartilage Defects on MRI Images Using Deep Learning
Creators: name: Merkely, Gergo
name: Borjali, Alireza
name: Zgoda, Molly
name: Farina, Evan M.
name: Gortz, Simon
name: Muratoglu, Orhun
name: Lattermann, Christian
name: Varadarajan, Kartik M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Background: MRI is the modality of choice for cartilage imaging; however, its diagnostic performance is variable and significantly lower than the gold standard diagnostic knee arthroscopy. In recent years, deep learning has been used to automatically interpret medical images to improve diagnostic accuracy and speed. Purpose: The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate whether deep learning applied to the interpretation of knee MRI images can be utilized to identify cartilage defects accurately. Methods: We analyzed data from patients who underwent knee MRI evaluation and consequently had arthroscopic knee surgery (207 with cartilage defect, 90 without cartilage defect). Patients' arthroscopic findings were compared to preoperative MRI images to verify the presence or absence of isolated tibiofemoral cartilage defects. We developed three convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to analyze the MRI images and implemented image-specific saliency maps to visualize the CNNs' decision-making process. To compare the CNNs' performance against human interpretation, the same test dataset images were provided to an experienced orthopaedic surgeon and an orthopaedic resident. Results: Saliency maps demonstrated that the CNNs learned to focus on the clinically relevant areas of the tibiofemoral articular cartilage on MRI images during the decision-making processes. One CNN achieved higher performance than the orthopaedic surgeon, with two more accurate diagnoses made by the CNN. All the CNNs outperformed the orthopaedic resident. Conclusion: CNN can be used to enhance the diagnostic performance of MRI in identifying isolated tibiofemoral cartilage defects and may replace diagnostic knee arthroscopy in certain cases in the future.
Die Weiterbildungsformate CAS, DAS und MAS in der Schweizer Hochschullandschaft
Creators: name: Zimmermann, Therese E.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: An den Schweizer Hochschulen sind die wissenschaftlich ausgerichteten Weiterbildungen als Formate mit den Bezeichnungen CAS für Certificate of Advanced Studies, DAS für Diploma of Advanced Studies und MAS für Master of Advanced Studies seit ihrer Initiierung etabliert. In diesem Beitrag werden die wichtigsten Etappen der Genese der drei Formate aufgezeigt, die Gründe dargelegt, weshalb sich die Formate trotz des längeren Prozesses hierzu schweizweit durchsetzen konnten und wie sich dabei die Aufbaustruktur veränderte. Des Weiteren werden die Mengen der Angebote nach Hochschultyp sowie die Themenfelder nach Formaten ausgelotet. Zu Letzterem wird beispielsweise deutlich, dass fast jedes zweite MAS-Angebot auf lediglich zwei von total dreizehn Themenfelder entfällt.
description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
Spin-flop transition in uniaxial antiferromagnets: magnetic phases, reorientation effects, multidomain states
Creators: name: Bogdanov, A. N.
name: Zhuravlev, A. V.
name: Roessler, U. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The classical spin-flop is the field-driven first-order reorientation transition in easy-axis antiferromagnets. A comprehensive phenomenological theory of easy-axis antiferromagnets displaying spin-flops is developed. It is shown how the hierarchy of magnetic coupling strengths in these antiferromagnets causes a strongly pronounced two-scale character in their magnetic phase structure. In contrast to the major part of the magnetic phase diagram, these antiferromagnets near the spin-flop region are described by an effective model akin to uniaxial ferromagnets. For a consistent theoretical description both higher-order anisotropy contributions and dipolar stray-fields have to be taken into account near the spin-flop. In particular, thermodynamically stable multidomain states exist in the spin-flop region, owing to the phase coexistence at this first-order transition. For this region, equilibrium spin-configurations and parameters of the multidomain states are derived as functions of the external magnetic field. The components of the magnetic susceptibility tensor are calculated for homogeneous and multidomain states in the vicinity of the spin-flop. The remarkable anomalies in these measurable quantities provide an efficient method to investigate magnetic states and to determine materials parameters in bulk and confined antiferromagnets, as well as in nanoscale synthetic antiferromagnets. The method is demonstrated for experimental data on the magnetic properties near the spin-flop region in the orthorhombic layered antiferromagnet (C_2H_5NH_3)_2CuCl_4.
description: (15 pages, 12 figures; 2nd version: improved notation and figures, correction of various typos)
Weiterbildungsstudiengänge als Formate der interaktionalen Professionalisierung
Creators: name: Meyer, Kirsten
name: Walber, Markus
name: Jütte, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: Wissenschaftliche Weiterbildungsangebote adressieren als Teil des Wissenschaftssystems insbesondere Akteur_innen der (Berufs-)Praxis. Damit bieten sie aus einer system- und wissenstheoretischen Perspektive Möglichkeiten zur Interaktion von wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen und (berufs-)praktischen Erfahrungen. Ausgehend von einem eigenen Modell zur Entstehung von Professionalität in Form einer besonderen Wissensqualität – dem Professionswissen – wurde in einem explorativen Forschungsprojekt untersucht, inwiefern sich die Annahmen des Modells aus der Perspektive von Teilnehmenden bestätigen und welche Professionalisierungseffekte zum Ausdruck kommen. Dafür wurden Teilnehmende drei sich unterscheidender weiterbildender Masterstudiengänge aus dem Bereich Erziehungswissenschaften befragt, wie sie das Verhältnis von wissenschaftlichem und (berufs-)praktischem Wissen wahrnehmen und welche Gelegenheiten sich zur Begegnung der Wissensarten bieten. Gleichwohl in den Studiengängen sowohl in formellen als auch in informellen Kontexten Gelegenheiten zur Interaktion der Wissensarten wahrgenommen werden, zeichnen sich Unterschiede zwischen Studiengängen mit spezifischer Berufsfeldorientierung und einer Orientierung an der Disziplin Erwachsenenbildung/Weiterbildung ab.
description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
Stichwort: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
Creators: name: Jütte, Wolfgang
name: Lobe, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung
Collisions between tunable halo dimers: exploring an elementary four-body process with identical bosons
Creators: name: Ferlaino, F.
name: Knoop, S.
name: Mark, M.
name: Berninger, M.
name: Schöbel, H.
name: Nägerl, H. -C.
name: Grimm, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study inelastic collisions in a pure, trapped sample of Feshbach molecules made of bosonic cesium atoms in the quantum halo regime. We measure the relaxation rate coefficient for decay to lower-lying molecular states and study the dependence on scattering length and temperature. We identify a pronounced loss minimum with varying scattering length along with a further suppression of loss with decreasing temperature. Our observations provide insight into the physics of a few-body quantum system that consists of four identical bosons at large values of the two-body scattering length.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Extended Gaseous Disk in the S0 galaxy NGC 4143
Creators: name: Sil'chenko, O. K.
name: Moiseev, A. V.
name: Oparin, D. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present our results of the spectroscopic study of the lenticular galaxy NGC 4143 - an outskirt member of the Ursa Major cluster. Using the observations at the 6-m SAO RAS telescope with the SCORPIO-2 spectrograph and also the archive data of panoramic spectroscopy with the SAURON IFU at the WHT, we have detected an extended inclined gaseous disk which is traced up to a distance of about 3.5 kpc from the center, with a spin approximately opposite to the spin of the stellar disk. The galaxy images in the H-alpha and [NII]6583 emission lines obtained at the 2.5-m CMO SAI MSU telescope with the MaNGaL instrument have shown that the emission lines are excited by a shock wave. A spiral structure that is absent in the stellar disk of the galaxy is clearly seen in the brightness distribution of ionized-gas lines (H-alpha and [NII] from the MaNGaL data and [OIII] from the SAURON data). A complex analysis of both the Lick index distribution along the radius and of the integrated colors, including the ultraviolet measurements with the GALEX space telescope and the near-infrared measurements with the WISE space telescope, has shown that there has been no star formation in the galaxy, perhaps, for the last 10 Gyr. Thus, the recent external-gas accretion detected in NGC 4143 from its kinematics, was not accompanied by star formation, probably, due to an inclined direction of the gas inflow onto the disk.
description: A slightly edited version of the paper published in the May, no.5, issue of the Astronomy Letters. 17 pages, 7 figures
The hypernuclear physics heritage of Dick Dalitz (1925-2006)
Creators: name: Gal, Avraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The major contributions of Richard H. Dalitz to hypernuclear physics, since his first paper in 1955 to his last one in 2005 covering a span of 50 years during which he founded and led the theoretical study of hypernuclei, are reviewed from a personal perspective. Topical remarks on the search for quasi-bound antikaon-nuclear states are made.
description: Final version of invited talk at HYP06, Mainz, October 2006. To be published in the proceedings, EPJ A. Few references added, typos corrected
Σύνθεση και μελέτη νέων νανοσύνθετων υλικών πολυ(τερεφθαλικού αιθυλενεστέρα) με μεσοπορώδη νανοσωματίδια:
Creators: name: Γεράκης, Κωνσταντίνος Μάλαμα
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2014
Subjects: πολυ(τερεφθαλικός αιθυλενεστέρας)
νανοσύνθετα
μεσοπορώδη νανοσωματίδια
poly(ethylene terephtalate)
nanopolymers
mesoporous nanocomposites

description: Ο σκοπός της διατριβής είναι η παρασκευή και μελέτη προηγμένων υλικών νανοτεχνολογίας, τα οποία περιέχουν πυριτικά πορώδη νανοσωματίδια. Βασικός στόχος της έρευνας, είναι η αύξηση του μοριακού βάρους των νέων υλικών με την χρήση της διεργασίας Πολυμερισμού Στερεάς Φάσης, μιας διεργασίας άκρως δημοφιλής στην βιομηχανία, έτσι ώστε να γίνει η σύγκριση με τα αποτελέσματα του καθαρού πολυ(τερεφθαλικού αιθυλενεστέρα). Επίσης, πραγματοποιήθηκε ανάλυση των ακραίων ομάδων, για την παρατήρηση της κινητικής του πολυμερισμού όπως και χρήση μιας σειράς οργάνων που βοηθούν στον χαρακτηρισμό των υλικών αλλά και την μελέτη βασικών ιδιοτήτων. Η μελέτη των υλικών στοχεύει στο να αποδειχθεί αν υπάρχει άμεση αλληλεπίδραση μεταξύ πολυμερούς και των νανοπρσόσθετων σωματιδίων ή όχι και στο αν και κατά πόσο μεταβάλλονται βασικές ιδιότητες του αρχικού πολυμερούς σε σύγκριση με τα νέα υλικά.
description: The purpose of the present thesis is the composition and the study of advanced materials of nanotechnology, which are containing porous silica nanoparticles. The main goal of this thesis is the increase of the molecular weight of the new materials through the process of Solid State Polymerization which is a very popular method in the industries; and the comparison of the results of the new materials with them of the clear poly(ethylene terephtalate). Furthermore, the analysis of end groups was used to determine the kinetics of the polymerization; and also a range of instruments was used to characterize the materials and help the study of basic properties of them. The consideration of this materials is aiming to determine if there is a direct interaction between the polymer and the nanoparticles and whether the basic properties of poly(ethylene terepthalate) have been changed in comparison with the new materials.
Cultural influences on the formation of the therapeutic alliance : a case study with western-trained Chinese counsellors
Creators: name: Arrand, Penny Coral
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The underlying assumptions of Western counselling and psychotherapy are based on Western European values such as individualism and autonomy. How applicable then are the goals and practices of Western counselling and psychotherapy when applied to non-Western cultures? This research study interviews eight Western-trained Chinese counsellors/psychotherapists who have experience with counselling both Western European clients and Chinese clients. It was found that the establishment of rapport using traditional Western counselling theories has varying amounts of success depending on (a.) the familiarity of the client to Western values, (b.) the familiarity of the counsellor/psychotherapist with Chinese values, (c.) the awareness to not apply knowledge of a client's culture in a stereotypical way, and (d.) the willingness of the counsellor/psychotherapist to be open, flexible, and patient in negotiating a process that fits comfortably with BOTH the particular counsellor/psychotherapist's cultural bias and the particular client's cultural bias.
Weakly Supervised 3D Classification of Chest CT using Aggregated Multi-Resolution Deep Segmentation Features
Creators: name: Saha, Anindo
name: Tushar, Fakrul I.
name: Faryna, Khrystyna
name: D'Anniballe, Vincent M.
name: Hou, Rui
name: Mazurowski, Maciej A.
name: Rubin, Geoffrey D.
name: Lo, Joseph Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Weakly supervised disease classification of CT imaging suffers from poor localization owing to case-level annotations, where even a positive scan can hold hundreds to thousands of negative slices along multiple planes. Furthermore, although deep learning segmentation and classification models extract distinctly unique combinations of anatomical features from the same target class(es), they are typically seen as two independent processes in a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) pipeline, with little to no feature reuse. In this research, we propose a medical classifier that leverages the semantic structural concepts learned via multi-resolution segmentation feature maps, to guide weakly supervised 3D classification of chest CT volumes. Additionally, a comparative analysis is drawn across two different types of feature aggregation to explore the vast possibilities surrounding feature fusion. Using a dataset of 1593 scans labeled on a case-level basis via rule-based model, we train a dual-stage convolutional neural network (CNN) to perform organ segmentation and binary classification of four representative diseases (emphysema, pneumonia/atelectasis, mass and nodules) in lungs. The baseline model, with separate stages for segmentation and classification, results in AUC of 0.791. Using identical hyperparameters, the connected architecture using static and dynamic feature aggregation improves performance to AUC of 0.832 and 0.851, respectively. This study advances the field in two key ways. First, case-level report data is used to weakly supervise a 3D CT classifier of multiple, simultaneous diseases for an organ. Second, segmentation and classification models are connected with two different feature aggregation strategies to enhance the classification performance.
description: Accepted to 2020 SPIE Medical Imaging: Computer-Aided Diagnosis [oral presentation]
Controlled Exciton-Plasmon Coupling in a Mixture of Ultrathin Periodically Aligned Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Arrays
Creators: name: Adhikari, C. M.
name: Bondarev, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the in-plane electromagnetic response and the exciton-plasmon interactions for an experimentally feasible carbon nanotube (CN) film systems composed of parallel aligned periodic semiconducting CN arrays embedded in an ultrathin finite-thickness dielectric. For homogeneous single-CN films, the intertube coupling and thermal broadening bring the exciton and interband plasmon resonances closer together. They can even overlap due to the inhomogeneous broadening for films composed of array mixtures with a slight CN diameter distribution. In such systems the real part of the response function is negative for a broad range of energies (negative refraction band), and the CN film behaves as a hyperbolic metamaterial. We also show that for a properly fabricated two-component CN film, by varying the relative weights of the two constituent CN array components one can tune the optical absorption profile to make the film transmit or absorb light in the neighborhood of an exciton absorption resonance on-demand.
description: 6 two-column pages, 5 figures
$B\to η^{(\prime)} (\ell^{-} \barν_{\ell}, \ell^{+} \ell^{-}, K, K^*)$ decays in the quark-flavor mixing scheme
Creators: name: Akeroyd, A. G.
name: Chen, Chuan-Hung
name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the quark-flavor mixing scheme, $η$ and $η'$ are linear combinations of flavor states $η_{q}=(u\bar{u}+d\bar{d})/\sqrt{2}$ and $η_{s}=s\bar{s}$ with the masses of $m_{qq}$ and $m_{ss}$, respectively. Phenomenologically, $m_{ss}$ is strictly fixed to be around 0.69, which is close to $\sqrt{2m^{2}_{K}-m^{2}_π}$ by the approximate flavor symmetry, while $m_{qq}$ is found to be $0.18\pm 0.08$ GeV. For a large allowed value of $m_{qq}$, we show that the BRs for $B\to η^{(\prime)} X$ decays with $X=(\ell^{-} \barν_{\ell}, \ell^{+} \ell^{-})$ are enhanced. We also illustrate that $BR(B\toηX)> BR(B\to η^{\prime} X)$ in the mechanism without the flavor-singlet contribution. Moreover, we demonstrate that the decay branching ratios (BRs) for $B\to η^{(\prime)}K^{[*]}$ are consistent with the data. In particular, the puzzle of the large $BR(B\to η^{\prime} K)$ can be solved. In addition, we find that the CP asymmetry for $B^{\pm}\to ηK^{\pm}$ can be as large as -30%, which agrees well with the data. However, we cannot accommodate the CP asymmetries of $B\to ηK^*$ in our analysis, which could indicate the existence of some new CP violating sources.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures, typos corrected and version revised, version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Weiterbildung von Hochschuldozierenden in der medizinischen Lehre
Creators: name: Liebke, Lisa
name: Strohmer, Renate
name: Lauber, Heike
name: Winzer, Andrea
name: Strittmatter-Haubold, Veronika
name: Kaden, Jens J.
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB)
Year: 2019

description: Herausforderung, dass eine große Zahl von heterogenen Lehrenden auf verschiedenste komplexe Lehrsituationen trifft. Hierbei steigen die Anforderungen, während insbesondere zeitliche Ressourcen häufig knapp sind. Es wird eine Möglichkeit veranschaulicht, dieser Herausforderung mit einem Blended-Learning basierten Format der Hochschulweiterbildung zu begegnen: In einem in bedarfsgerechte Module aufgebauten, dreischrittigen Trainingssystem aus Online-Kursen, Präsenzveranstaltungen und kollegialem Coaching werden zunächst kleine Lerneinheiten niederschwellig online zur Verfügung gestellt; in der Regel erfolgen ergänzende Präsenzveranstaltungen zur Vertiefung und praktischen Anwendung der Inhalte. Inhaltlich werden Teilkompetenzen definiert, die für professionelles Handeln der Lernenden in ihrer darauffolgenden Aufgabe als Lehrende erforderlich sind. Anhand des kollegialen Coachings werden diese Handlungskompetenzen erweitert und gleichzeitig die Anvertraubarkeit der professionellen Tätigkeit an die jeweilige Lehrperson überprüft. Die didaktische Einbettung des zugrundeliegenden Lehr-/Lernansatzes und das Spannungsfeld, in dem sich dieser bewegt, werden vor dem Hintergrund des aktuellen Bedarfs diskutiert und Chancen für personalisiertes Lernen aufgezeigt.
description: Zeitschrift Hochschule und Weiterbildung (ZHWB), 2019/1: Formate der Hochschulweiterbildung