cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
How Do YouTubers Collaborate With Each Other? A Machine Learning and Network Analysis-Based Approach
Creators: name: , Scarlett
name: Jiwoo
name: Arnav
name: Kaavya
name: , Hiba
name: Jinyi
name: , Myeong
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Video-based social media platforms such as YouTube and Instagram have attracted a vast number of users and subscribers in recent years. Nowadays, the production of online video clips is largely driven by individual users rather than traditional mass media. On such video-based social media platforms, many content creators collaborate with other creators to attract subscribers and diversify their content. This behavior can be seen as "coopetition" as they cooperate for their channels' success while competing with one another for the limited audience pool. This raises a question about what the coopetition networks of video creators look like and how such networks are formed. In this project, we use YouTube data on the topics of beauty and gaming to examine YouTubers' collaboration types and network structures. Specifically, we collect about 14,000 videos using keywords about beauty and gaming. We use machine learning models to filter out irrelevant videos from the raw data, then randomly sample 100 YouTube videos per topic to examine whether they are collaboration-based or not. Using the channels of the identified collaboration-based videos as the seed channels, we manually collected the guest YouTubers recursively. We model the number of collaboration videos between two channels as the weight of the edge, and the channels are modeled as the nodes of the network. The network analysis suggests that (1) the coopetition networks of YouTubers may present a scale-freeness in their topological structure and (2) beauty YouTubers collaborate with non-beauty channels more than gaming YouTubers, implying that there might be a different level of heterogeneity in collaborations depending on topics. The results inform the mechanisms of online video producers' collaboration and competition processes at an ecological level.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Transforming floundering into success
Creators: name: Naish, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show how logic programs with "delays" can be transformed to programs without delays in a way which preserves information concerning floundering (also known as deadlock). This allows a declarative (model-theoretic), bottom-up or goal independent approach to be used for analysis and debugging of properties related to floundering. We rely on some previously introduced restrictions on delay primitives and a key observation which allows properties such as groundness to be analysed by approximating the (ground) success set. This paper is to appear in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming (TPLP). Keywords: Floundering, delays, coroutining, program analysis, abstract interpretation, program transformation, declarative debugging
description: Number of pages: 24 Number of figures: 9 Number of tables: none
Discovering the Reasons Why the Rate of Car Accidents Is Higher in California, Texas, and Florida.
Creators: name: Kailish
name: Padmanabhan
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Automobiles, specifically cars, are the world's second most dangerous mode of transport, second only to Motorcycles, and far ahead of aircraft, ocean liners, and trains. The three states that lead the United States in car accidents are California, Texas, and Florida respectively. Many accidents occur in low visibility and on massive highways, or near large cities. Temperature, visibility, wind speed, and weather conditions all affect the causes of car accidents. Solutions for these things can entail reducing the number of cars on the road, and fixing the design of cities. The redesign of highways is also important, as lowering the number of lanes on a highway reduces the number of dangerous maneuvers needed on the road, as well as the reduction of the number of cars on the road. In this research, we study the factors that contribute to the most number of automobile accidents in the United States working through a data science approach including collecting datasets for car accidents for various states, cleaning the data as required, visualizing the data to look for trends in the data along with some data analysis.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Variability in the composition of porcine mucosal heparan sulfates
Creators: name: Sargison, L
name: Smith, RAA
name: Carnachan, Susan
name: Daines, Alison
name: Brackovic, Amira
name: Kidgell, Joel
name: Nurcombe, V
name: Cool, SM
name: Sims, Ian
name: Hinkley, Simon
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 30399
subject: Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 90899
subject: Food Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Commercial porcine intestinal mucosal heparan sulfate (HS) is a valuable material for research into its biological functions. As it is usually produced as a side-stream of pharmaceutical heparin manufacture, its chemical composition may vary from batch to batch. We analysed the composition and structure of nine batches of HS from the same manufacturer. Statistical analysis of the disaccharide compositions placed these batches in three categories: group A had high GlcNAc and GlcNS, and low GlcN typical of HS; group B had high GlcN and GlcNS, and low GlcNAc; group C had high di- and trisulfated, and low unsulfated and monosulfated disaccharide repeats. These batches could be placed in the same categories based on their 1H NMR spectra and molecular weights. Anticoagulant and growth factor binding activities of these HS batches did not fit within these same groups but were related to the proportions of more highly sulfated disaccharide repeats.
Identification of substrates for Francisella novicida chitinases in order to characterize the importance of chitinase in biofilm formation
Creators: name: , Samuel
name: , Alex
name: , Monique
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: With the development of drug-resistant bacteria in the past century in response to the overuse of antibiotics, there is a pressing need to develop novel ways to counteract bacteria with the ability to acquire resistance to certain treatments when exposed. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are present in every living organism and remain evolutionarily ancient, meaning that they have been able to prevent bacteria from acquiring resistance to their mechanisms for millennia, whereas antibiotics developed in the 20th century caused widespread antibiotic resistance within decades. AMPs have been shown to have therapeutic potential for their ability to kill pathogens while preventing them from developing resistance. In this study, we tested six ab initio-designed peptides for their effectiveness against the multidrug-resistant, gram-negative Acinetobacter baumannii, an increasingly prominent hospital-derived pathogen that primarily affects patients with compromised immune systems. We tested one peptide (termed HRZN-15) for its ability to prevent this bacterium from acquiring resistance by exposing it to a sub-MIC concentration and testing the peptide’s MIC on the exposed pathogen every five days over a fifteen-day period. We found that the ab initio-designed peptides were able to inhibit Acinetobacter baumannii’s growth and that the bacteria acquired resistance to HRZN-15 much slower and less effective compared to Colistin. Based on our findings, these peptides have the potential for therapeutic use.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
The aperiodic variability of the Ultraluminous X-ray source in NGC 5408
Creators: name: Caballero-Garcia, M. D.
name: Motta, S. E.
name: Belloni, T. M.
name: Wolter, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-Luminous X-ray sources are accreting black holes that might represent strong evidence of the Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBH), proposed to exist by theoretical studies but with no firm detection (as a class) so far. We analyze the best X-ray timing and spectral data from the ULX in NGC 5408 provided by XMM-Newton. The main goal is to study the broad-band noise variability of the source. We found an anti-correlation of the fractional root-mean square variability versus the intensity of the source, similar to black-hole binaries during hard states.
description: Revised version. Proceedings of IAUS 290 "Feeding Compact Objects: Accretion on All Scales", C. M. Zhang, T. Belloni, M. Mendez & S. N. Zhang (eds.)
Characterisation of de-structured starch and its shear-thickening mechanism
Creators: name: Ang, CL
name: Matia-Merino, L
name: Sims, Ian
name: Sargison, L
name: Edwards, PJB
name: Lim, K
name: Goh, KKT
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 91299
subject: Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 90899
subject: Food Sciences not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 90499
subject: Chemical Engineering not elsewhere classified

description: This study focuses on the relationship between the starch de-structuring process and its shear-induced rheological properties. Waxy potato starch underwent a de-structuring process (120–150 °C for 30 min under continuous stirring) where the starch granules were completely gelatinised and subsequently reduced into fragments and polymer chains. A significant increase in the degree of branching was noted in 140 and 150 °C de-structured waxy potato starch (DWPS) samples as compared to its native form. However, no significant change in the side-chain profile of DWPS samples was detected. Laser diffraction measurements revealed the presence of large particles in DWPS samples, which indicated that the starch de-structuring process into its macromolecules was incomplete even at 150 °C for 30 min. Complex shear-induced behaviours (shear-thickening, shear-induced gelation and/or anti-thixotropy) were noted in 120 and 140 °C DWPS samples. Such behaviours were attributed to the reduction in size and increased number of fragments, together with interactions among fragments and amylopectin chains in these DWPS samples when subjected to shear.
Water-Vapor Maser Disk at the Nucleus of the Seyfert 2 Galaxy IC 2560 and its Distance
Creators: name: Yamauchi, Aya
name: Nakai, Naomasa
name: Ishihara, Yuko
name: Diamond, Philip
name: Sato, Naoko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of single-dish and VLBI observations for the water-vapor masers at the nucleus of the Seyfert 2, IC 2560. We monitored velocities of the maser features with the 45-m telescope of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory. Using the data of 1995--2006, the velocity drift rate was detected to be a = +2.57 +/- 0.04 km/s/yr on the average for 6 systemic features. The Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) with the Very Large Array (VLA) firstly detected a red-shifted and a blue-shifted maser features of IC 2560, in addition to systemic maser features and a continuum component. We propose a maser disk in the nuclear region. The systemic and red-shifted features are emitted from a nearly edge-on disk with the position angle of PA = -46 deg, which is almost perpendicular to the galactic disk. Assuming the Keplerian rotation, the radii of the maser disk are r = 0.087--0.335 pc, and the thickness is 2H <= 0.025 pc. The binding mass is 3.5 x 10^6 Msun at a distance of D = 26 Mpc, and the mean volume density within the inner radius is 1.3 x 10^9 Msun/pc^3, strongly suggesting a massive black hole at the center. A continuum component was detected at the 0.2 pc southwest of the disk center, and considered as a jet ejected from the nucleus, with an angle of 70 deg from the disk. The blue-shifted maser feature is located on the continuum component, being interpreted to be a "jet maser". The distance to IC 2560 is estimated to be D = 31^{+12}_{-14} Mpc from the geometry of the maser disk and the velocity drift rate.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication in PASJ
Gelehrte Frauen am Trierer Museum : Elvira Fölzer, Elisabeth Vorrenhagen, Else Förster
Creators: name: Merten, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier
Year: 2019

description: [nicht vorhanden]
description: Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier, Bd. 45 (2013): Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier : Aus der Arbeit des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Trier
Testing Ab Initio Designed Antimicrobial Peptides Against Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii
Creators: name: , Gabriel
name: , Fahad
name: , Monique
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Chitin is a polysaccharide, or a polymer that consists of many bound sugar monomers. It is a major structural component in crustacean exoskeletons as well as the cell wall of fungi. Chitin is broken down by chitinases, a class of enzymes that break the β-1,4 glycosidic bond that binds the sugar monomers. Chitinases are found in a variety of living things, including humans and bacteria. Notably, chitinase has been proposed to interfere with the biofilm formation of Francisella novicida (Fn), a biothreat bacteria characterized by the CDC. The goal of this experiment was to determine the effectiveness of various enzymes in breaking down Fn biofilm as well as determine an optional substrate for Fn chitinase (chiB) in order to better characterize the role of chitinase in biofilm regulation. It was found that chitinase from S. griseus decreased Fn biofilm in a statistically significant manner. Additionally, it was found that chiB was most effective at binding to 4-Nitrophenyl N,N′-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside. We will continue to study chitinase’s regulation of biofilm, and further experimentation will be needed.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Upregulated IL-1β in dysferlin-deficient muscle attenuates regeneration by blunting the response to pro-inflammatory macrophages
Creators: name: Cohen, Tatiana V.
name: Many, Gina M.
name: Fleming, Bryan D.
name: Gnocchi, Viola F.
name: Ghimbovschi, Svetlana
name: Mosser, David M.
name: Hoffman, Eric P.
name: Partridge, Terence A.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: Skeletal muscle
Myoblasts
Macrophages
Cell-cell interactions
Muscular dystrophy
Dysferlin
LGMD2B

description: Loss-of-function mutations in the dysferlin gene (DYSF) result in a family of muscle disorders known collectively as the dysferlinopathies. Dysferlin-deficient muscle is characterized by inflammatory foci and macrophage infiltration with subsequent decline in muscle function. Whereas macrophages function to remove necrotic tissue in acute injury, their prevalence in chronic myopathy is thought to inhibit resolution of muscle regeneration. Two major classes of macrophages, classical (M1) and alternative (M2a), play distinct roles during the acute injury process. However, their individual roles in chronic myopathy remain unclear and were explored in this study. To test the roles of the two macrophage phenotypes on regeneration in dysferlin-deficient muscle, we developed an in vitro co-culture model of macrophages and muscle cells. We assayed the co-cultures using ELISA and cytokine arrays to identify secreted factors and performed transcriptome analysis of molecular networks induced in the myoblasts. Dysferlin-deficient muscle contained an excess of M1 macrophage markers, compared with WT, and regenerated poorly in response to toxin injury. Co-culturing macrophages with muscle cells showed that M1 macrophages inhibit muscle regeneration whereas M2a macrophages promote it, especially in dysferlin-deficient muscle cells. Examination of soluble factors released in the co-cultures and transcriptome analysis implicated two soluble factors in mediating the effects: IL-1β and IL-4, which during acute injury are secreted from M1 and M2a macrophages, respectively. To test the roles of these two factors in dysferlin-deficient muscle, myoblasts were treated with IL-4, which improved muscle differentiation, or IL-1β, which inhibited it. Importantly, blockade of IL-1β signaling significantly improved differentiation of dysferlin-deficient cells. We propose that the inhibitory effects of M1 macrophages on myogenesis are mediated by IL-1β signals and suppression of the M1-mediated immune response may improve muscle regeneration in dysferlin deficiency. Our studies identify a potential therapeutic approach to promote muscle regeneration in dystrophic muscle.
Analysis of Neutrophil Viability and Activation State in LPS Treated Cultured Blood Clots
Creators: name: , Audrey
name: , Julia
name: , Caroline
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Whole blood clots (BC) cultured for 4 hours at 37 degrees C are a tissue-engineered model for studying innate immune cell responses. Neutrophils, immune cells expressing the CD15 antigen with key roles in wound repair, have a relatively short half-life of 6-12 hours in circulation. It is currently unknown whether neutrophils survive up to 4 hours in cultured BC. Previous work showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, enhances the survival of purified neutrophils and increases chemokine release from cultured BCs. This experiment sought to determine whether the treatment of BC with LPS enhances the survival of neutrophils throughout the cultured BC. We hypothesized that LPS would enhance CD15+ neutrophil counts in cultured BCs and that more neutrophils would be found near the top of the clot. Cryosections from cultured BC +/- LPS (n = 3 healthy human donors, 1 male, and 2 female) were immunostained for CD15, counterstained with Hoechst dye to identify cell nuclei, and then imaged with a fluorescent microscope at 10x magnification. High-density 1.2mm-square fields were taken off the top, middle, and bottom sections of each clot. CD15+ cells and nuclei were counted by hand on an iPad. BC showed an average of 245 CD15+ cells in the top, 135 in middle, and 166 in the bottom fields. BC with LPS had an average of 362 CD15+ in the top, 219 in middle, and 118 in the bottom fields. Analysis of the variance of the mean (ANOVA) determined that LPS stimulated a two-fold increase in % CD15+ cells at the top versus the bottom of the clot (p less than 0.05) without influencing overall neutrophil counts compared to cultured BC without LPS (p = 0.54). The current experiment suggests the BC environment is sufficient to maintain neutrophil viability without LPS and that LPS promotes an asymmetrical cell distribution. This could be due to increased chemokine concentrations in the clot + LPS serum. This work supports using cultured BC to study the neutrophil’s role in inflammation.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Analysis of Magnetic Field Distribution and Core Loss under Unbalanced Load Conditions using 3D Finite Element Method for 400 kVA Transformer
Creators: name: Watcharin Jantanate
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering Mahasasakham University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Distribution Transformer
magnetic field distribution
core loss
3D finite element method

description: Engineering Access, 9, 2, 140-147
Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepede 1804
Creators: name: Honacki, James H.
name: Kinman, Kenneth E.
name: Koeppl, James W.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1982
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Cetacea
Balaenopteridae
Balaenoptera
Balaenoptera acutorostrata

description: Balaenoptera acutorostrata Lacepede, 1804. Hist. Nat. Cetacees, p. 37, 134. TYPE LOCALITY: France, Cherbourg, Mancha. DISTRIBUTION: Worldwide, subtropical to arctic waters. COMMENT: Includes bonaerensis; see Omura, 1975, Sei. Rep. Whales Res. Inst. (Tokyo), 27:1 -36. MN considered bonaerensis a distinct species. PROTECTED STATUS: CITES - Appendix II as Order Cetacea. ISIS NUMBER: 5301411007001001001.
description: Published as part of James H. Honacki, Kenneth E. Kinman & James W. Koeppl, 1982, Order Cetacea, pp. 290-304 in Mammal Species of the World (1 st Edition), Lawrence, Kansas, USA :Alien Press, Inc. & The Association of Systematics Collections on page 302, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7352983
Ferret: a sentence-based literature scanning system
Creators: name: Srinivasan, Padmini
name: Zhang, Xiao-Ning
name: Bouten, Roxane
name: Chang, Caren
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: Gene-centric relationships
Sentence retrieval
Text retrieval
Sentence ranking
Scientific workflow

description: The rapid pace of bioscience research makes it very challenging to track relevant articles in one’s area of interest. MEDLINE, a primary source for biomedical literature, offers access to more than 20 million citations with three-quarters of a million new ones added each year. Thus it is not surprising to see active research in building new document retrieval and sentence retrieval systems. We present Ferret, a prototype retrieval system, designed to retrieve and rank sentences (and their documents) conveying gene-centric relationships of interest to a scientist. The prototype has several features. For example, it is designed to handle gene name ambiguity and perform query expansion. Inputs can be a list of genes with an optional list of keywords. Sentences are retrieved across species but the species discussed in the records are identified. Results are presented in the form of a heat map and sentences corresponding to specific cells of the heat map may be selected for display. Ferret is designed to assist bio scientists at different stages of research from early idea exploration to advanced analysis of results from bench experiments. Three live case studies in the field of plant biology are presented related to Arabidopsis thaliana. The first is to discover genes that may relate to the phenotype of open immature flower in Arabidopsis. The second case is about finding associations reported between ethylene signaling and a set of 300+ Arabidopsis genes. The third case is on searching for potential gene targets of an Arabidopsis transcription factor hypothesized to be involved in plant stress responses. Ferret was successful in finding valuable information in all three cases. In the first case the bZIP family of genes was identified. In the second case sentences indicating relevant associations were found in other species such as potato and jasmine. In the third sentences led to new research questions about the plant hormone salicylic acid. Ferret successfully retrieved relevant gene-centric sentences from PubMed records. The three case studies demonstrate end user satisfaction with the system.
The properties of the extended warm ionised gas around low-redshift QSOs and the lack of extended high-velocity outflows
Creators: name: Husemann, B.
name: Wisotzki, L.
name: Sánchez, S. F.
name: Jahnke, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) We present a detailed analysis of a large sample of 31 low-redshift, mostly radio-quiet type 1 QSOs observed with integral field spectroscopy to study their extended emission-line regions (EELRs). We focus on the ionisation state of the gas, size and luminosity of extended narrow line regions (ENLRs), which corresponds to those parts of the EELR dominated by ionisation from the QSO, as well as the kinematics of the ionised gas. We detect EELRs around 19 of our 31 QSOs (61%) after deblending the unresolved QSO emission and the extended host galaxy light in the integral field data. We identify 13 EELRs to be entirely ionised by the QSO radiation, 3 EELRs are composed of HII regions and 3 EELRs display signatures of both ionisation mechanisms at different locations. The typical size of the ENLR is 10kpc at a median nuclear [OIII] luminosity of log(L([OIII])/[erg/s])=42.7+-0.15. We show that the ENLR sizes are least a factor of 2 larger than determined with HST, but are consistent with those of recently reported type 2 QSOs at matching [OIII] luminosities. The ENLR of type 1 and type 2 QSOs appear to follow the same size-luminosity relation. Furthermore, we show for the first time that the ENLR size is much better correlated with the QSO continuum luminosity than with the total/nuclear [OIII] luminosity. We show that ENLR luminosity and radio luminosity are correlated, and argue that radio jets even in radio-quiet QSOs are important for shaping the properties of the ENLR. Strikingly, the kinematics of the ionised gas is quiescent and likely gravitationally driven in the majority of cases and we find only 3 objects with radial gas velocities exceeding 400km/s in specific regions of the EELR that can be associate with radio jets. In general, these are significantly lower outflow velocities and detection rates compared to starburst galaxies or radio-loud QSOs.
description: 34 page, 22 figures (slightly degraded in resolution), 10 tables, accepted for publication in A&A, minor corrections to match with the publisher version
Titel
Creators: name: Redaktion, Die
Publisher: name: Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier, Bd. 45 (2013): Funde und Ausgrabungen im Bezirk Trier : Aus der Arbeit des Rheinischen Landesmuseums Trier
Search for the neutron-rich hypernucleus 9ΛHe
Creators: name: Agnello, M.
name: Benussi, L.
name: Bertani, M.
name: Bhang, H. C.
name: Bonomi, G.
name: Botta, E.
name: Bregant, M.
name: Bressani, T.
name: Bufalino, S.
name: Busso, L.
name: Calvo, D.
name: Camerini, P.
name: Dalena, B.
name: De Mori, F.
name: Erasmo, G. D
name: Fabbri, F. L.
name: Feliciello, A.
name: Filippi, A.
name: Fiore, E. M.
name: Fontana, A.
name: Fujioka, H.
name: Genova, P.
name: Gianotti, P.
name: Grion, N.
name: Lucherini, V.
name: Marcello, S.
name: Mirfakhrai, N.
name: Moia, F.
name: Morra, O.
name: Nagae, T.
name: Outa, H.
name: Pantaleo, A.
name: Paticchio, V.
name: Piano, S.
name: Rui, R.
name: Simonetti, G.
name: Zenoni, R. Wheadon A.
name: Gal, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Search for the neutron-rich hypernucleus 9LHe is reported by the FINUDA experiment at DAFNE, INFN-LNF, studying (pi+, pi-) pairs in coincidence from the K-stop + 9Be --> 9LHe + pi+ production reaction followed by 9LHe --> 9Li + pi- weak decay. An upper limit of the production rate of 9LHe undergoing this two-body pi- decay is determined to be (2.3 +/- 1.9) 10-6/K-stop at 90% confidence level.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Breastfeeding and Cesarean-Section Rates in Tanzania from 1996 to 2015
Creators: name: Nethra
name: , Rebecca
name: , Amira
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Breastfeeding can significantly reduce health risks for infants. Cesarean sections (c-sections) are among the different factors that impact breastfeeding rates. C-sections may negatively impact a mother’s ability to breastfeed. Previous studies in Tanzania revealed that c-section delivery leads to higher risks of neonatal deaths due to poor healthcare infrastructure. This study explores the association between c-sections and breastfeeding rates in Tanzania from 1996 to 2015. Data came from the Demographics and Health Survey (DHS) Program, which is conducted in low and middle-income countries. The main outcome was immediate breastfeeding (within the first hour of life) and the main exposure was c-section birth. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Graphs and data tables were created to display trends and patterns. When compared, c-sections and breastfeeding showcase an inverse relationship in Tanzania. Immediate breastfeeding rates decreased from 58.4% to 51.7%, while c-section rates increased from 5.2% to 6.4%. When stratifying by the 5 wealth categories, immediate breastfeeding rates decreased over the years and c-section rates significantly increased. The multivariable model showed that mothers who had a c-section had a lower likelihood of breastfeeding immediately. In Tanzania, higher c–section rates and lower breastfeeding rates could result in increased risk of neonatal deaths and maternal health issues. Maternal health care infrastructure should prioritize breastfeeding.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
Insights from GWAS: emerging landscape of mechanisms underlying complex trait disease
Creators: name: Pal, Lipika R
name: Yu, Chen-Hsin
name: Mount, Stephen M
name: Moult, John
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: GWAS
SNPs
complex trait disease
missense
expression
splicing
functional annotation

description: There are now over 2000 loci in the human genome where genome wide association studies (GWAS) have found one or more SNPs to be associated with altered risk of a complex trait disease. At each of these loci, there must be some molecular level mechanism relevant to the disease. What are these mechanisms and how do they contribute to disease? Here we consider the roles of three primary mechanism classes: changes that directly alter protein function (missense SNPs), changes that alter transcript abundance as a consequence of variants close-by in sequence, and changes that affect splicing. Missense SNPs are divided into those predicted to have a high impact on in vivo protein function, and those with a low impact. Splicing is divided into SNPs with a direct impact on splice sites, and those with a predicted effect on auxiliary splicing signals. The analysis was based on associations found for seven complex trait diseases in the classic Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC1) GWA study and subsequent studies and meta-analyses, collected from the GWAS catalog. Linkage disequilibrium information was used to identify possible candidate SNPs for involvement in disease mechanism in each of the 356 loci associated with these seven diseases. With the parameters used, we find that 76% of loci have at least of these mechanisms. Overall, except for the low incidence of direct impact on splice sites, the mechanisms are found at similar frequencies, with changes in transcript abundance the most common. But the distribution of mechanisms over diseases varies markedly, as does the fraction of loci with assigned mechanisms. Many of the implicated proteins have previously been suggested as relevant, but the specific mechanism assignments are new. In addition, a number of new disease relevant proteins are proposed. The high fraction of GWAS loci with proposed mechanisms suggests that these classes of mechanism play a major role. Other mechanism types, such as variants affecting expression of genes remote in the DNA sequence, will contribute in other loci. Each of the identified putative mechanisms provides a hypothesis for further investigation.
Optimization of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining Parameters on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Using Analytical Hierarchy Process-Taguchi-Based Analyses
Creators: name: Meshach Chukwuebuka Ikedue
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering Mahasasakham University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electrical discharge machining
Taguchi methods
optimization
prioritization
multicriteria analysis

description: Engineering Access, 9, 2, 168-187
Proceedings 7th International Workshop on Developments of Computational Methods
Creators: name: Kashefi, Elham
name: Krivine, Jean
name: van Raamsdonk, Femke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F3.1, F4.2

description: This volume contains the proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Developments in Computational Models (DCM 2011) which was held on Sunday July 3, 2011, in Zurich, Switzerland, as a satelite workshop of ICALP 2011. Recently several new models of computation have emerged, for instance for bio-computing and quantum-computing, and in addition traditional models of computation have been adapted to accommodate new demands or capabilities of computer systems. The aim of DCM is to bring together researchers who are currently developing new computational models or new features for traditional computational models, in order to foster their interaction, to provide a forum for presenting new ideas and work in progress, and to enable newcomers to learn about current activities in this area.
description: EPTCS 88, 2012
CXCR2 is essential for cerebral endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment during neuroinflammation
Creators: name: Wu, Fengjiao
name: Zhao, Yawei
name: Jiao, Tian
name: Shi, Dongyan
name: Zhu, Xingxing
name: Zhang, Mingshun
name: Shi, Meiqing
name: Zhou, Hong
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: CNS inflammation
CXCL1
CXCR2
Astrocyte
Endothelial activation
Leukocyte recruitment
Intravital microscopy

description: Chemokines and chemokine receptors cooperate to promote immune cell recruitment to the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we investigated the roles of CXCR2 and CXCL1 in leukocyte recruitment to the CNS using a murine model of neuroinflammation. Wild-type (WT), CXCL1−/−, and CXCR2−/− mice each received an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Esterase staining and intravital microscopy were performed to examine neutrophil recruitment to the brain. To assess endothelial activation in these mice, the expression of adhesion molecules was measured via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. To identify the cellular source of functional CXCR2, chimeric mice were generated by transferring bone marrow cells between the WT and CXCR2−/− mice. Expression levels of the chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, and CXCL5 were significantly increased in the brain following the i.c.v. injection of LPS. CXCR2 or CXCL1 deficiency blocked neutrophil infiltration and leukocyte recruitment in the cerebral microvessels. In the CXCR2−/− and CXCL1−/− mice, the cerebral endothelial expression of adhesion molecules such as P-selectin and VCAM-1 was dramatically reduced. Furthermore, the bone marrow transfer experiments demonstrated that CXCR2 expression on CNS-residing cells is essential for cerebral endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment. Compared with microglia, cultured astrocytes secreted a much higher level of CXCL1 in vitro. Astrocyte culture conditioned medium significantly increased the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in cerebral endothelial cells in a CXCR2-dependent manner. Additionally, CXCR2 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in cerebral endothelial cells but not in microglia or astrocytes was increased following tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulation. The intravenous injection of the CXCR2 antagonist SB225002 significantly inhibited endothelial activation and leukocyte recruitment to cerebral microvessels. CXCL1 secreted by astrocytes and endothelial CXCR2 play essential roles in cerebral endothelial activation and subsequent leukocyte recruitment during neuroinflammation.
Alternative divalent cations (Zn2+, Co2+, and Mn2+) are not mutagenic at conditions optimal for HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity
Creators: name: Achuthan, Vasudevan
name: DeStefano, Jeffrey J
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: Calf Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase
Alternative Cation
Fidelity Assay
Average Extension Rate
Mismatch Extension

description: Fidelity of DNA polymerases can be influenced by cation co-factors. Physiologically, Mg2+ is used as a co-factor by HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) to perform catalysis; however, alternative cations including Mn2+, Co2+, and Zn2+ can also support catalysis. Although Zn2+ supports DNA synthesis, it inhibits HIV RT by significantly modifying RT catalysis. Zn2+ is currently being investigated as a component of novel treatment options against HIV and we wanted to investigate the fidelity of RT with Zn2+. We used PCR-based and plasmid-based alpha complementation assays as well as steady-state misinsertion and misincorporation assays to examine the fidelity of RT with Mn2+, Co2+, and Zn2+. The fidelity of DNA synthesis by HIV-1 RT was approximately 2.5 fold greater in Zn2+ when compared to Mg2+ at cation conditions optimized for nucleotide catalysis. Consistent with this, RT extended primers with mismatched 3′ nucleotides poorly and inserted incorrect nucleotides less efficiently using Zn2+ than Mg2+. In agreement with previous literature, we observed that Mn2+ and Co2+ dramatically decreased the fidelity of RT at highly elevated concentrations (6 mM). However, surprisingly, the fidelity of HIV RT with Mn2+ and Co2+ remained similar to Mg2+ at lower concentrations that are optimal for catalysis. This study shows that Zn2+, at optimal extension conditions, increases the fidelity of HIV-1 RT and challenges the notion that alternative cations capable of supporting polymerase catalysis are inherently mutagenic.
Five-dimensional Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Action Framework Toward Sustainable River Basin Management Under Climate Change
Creators: name: Warangluck Na Sorn
Publisher: name: Faculty of Engineering Mahasasakham University
Year: 2023
Subjects: environmental impact
global warming
SEA guidance
United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
water crisis
watershed

description: Engineering Access, 9, 2, 193-208
The Rise of the Remarkable Type IIn Supernova SN 2009ip
Creators: name: Prieto, J. L.
name: Brimacombe, J.
name: Drake, A. J.
name: Howerton, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations by Mauerhan et al. have shown the unprecedented transition of the previously identified luminous blue variable (and supernova impostor) SN 2009ip to a real Type IIn supernova (SN) explosion. We present high-cadence optical imaging of SN 2009ip obtained between 2012 UT Sep. 23.6 and Oct. 9.6, using 0.3-0.4 meter aperture telescopes from the Coral Towers Observatory in Cairns, Australia. The light curves show well-defined phases, including very rapid brightening early on (0.5 mag in 6 hr observed during the night of Sep. 24), a transition to a much slower rise between Sep. 25 and Sep. 28, and a plateau/peak around Oct. 7. These changes are coincident with the reported spectroscopic changes that, most likely, mark the start of a strong interaction between the fast SN ejecta and a dense circumstellar medium formed during the earlier LBV eruptions. In the 16-day observing period SN 2009ip brightened by 3.7 mag from I = 17.4 mag on Sep. 23.6 (MI = -14.2) to I = 13.7 mag (MI = -17.9) on Oct. 9.6, radiating ~2x10^49 erg in the optical wavelength range. Currently, SN 2009ip is more luminous than most Type IIP SNe and comparable to other Type IIn SNe.
description: small changes, new references, re-submitted to ApJL after 1st referee report; all the photometric data can be found at http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~jprieto/sn09ip
The association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on all-cause mortality in the Nurses’ Health Study and the impact of measurement-error correction
Creators: name: Hart, Jaime E
name: Liao, Xiaomei
name: Hong, Biling
name: Puett, Robin C
name: Yanosky, Jeff D
name: Suh, Helen
name: Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna
name: Spiegelman, Donna
name: Laden, Francine
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: PM2.5
Measurement error
Mortality
Air pollution

description: Long-term exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) has been consistently associated with risk of all-cause mortality. The methods used to assess exposure, such as area averages, nearest monitor values, land use regressions, and spatio-temporal models in these studies are subject to measurement error. However, to date, no study has attempted to incorporate adjustment for measurement error into a long-term study of the effects of air pollution on mortality. We followed 108,767 members of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) 2000–2006 and identified all deaths. Biennial mailed questionnaires provided a detailed residential address history and updated information on potential confounders. Time-varying average PM2.5 in the previous 12-months was assigned based on residential address and was predicted from either spatio-temporal prediction models or as concentrations measured at the nearest USEPA monitor. Information on the relationships of personal exposure to PM2.5 of ambient origin with spatio-temporal predicted and nearest monitor PM2.5 was available from five previous validation studies. Time-varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 percent confidence intervals (95%CI) for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Risk-set regression calibration was used to adjust estimates for measurement error. Increasing exposure to PM2.5 was associated with an increased risk of mortality, and results were similar regardless of the method chosen for exposure assessment. Specifically, the multivariable adjusted HRs for each 10 μg/m3 increase in 12-month average PM2.5 from spatio-temporal prediction models were 1.13 (95%CI:1.05, 1.22) and 1.12 (95%CI:1.05, 1.21) for concentrations at the nearest EPA monitoring location. Adjustment for measurement error increased the magnitude of the HRs 4-10% and led to wider CIs (HR = 1.18; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.36 for each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 from the spatio-temporal models and HR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.02, 1.45 from the nearest monitor estimates). These findings support the large body of literature on the adverse effects of PM2.5, and suggest that adjustment for measurement error be considered in future studies where possible.
Built environment and active play among Washington DC metropolitan children: A protocol for a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Roberts, Jennifer D
name: Ray, Rashawn
name: Biles, Amber D
name: Knight, Brandon
name: Saelens, Brian E
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2015
Subjects: Playability
BEAP Study
Built environment
Active play
Physical activity

description: Research has demonstrated that children who participate in active play are more likely to be physically active, thereby improving long-term health outcomes. Many adult studies have also shown that neighborhood built environments can encourage or discourage routine physical activity. Limited evidence has demonstrated that children who reside in neighborhoods with a built environment that is more inviting to active play exhibit lower overweight and obesity rates as well as an overall better state of well-being. This Built Environment and Active Play (BEAP) Study aims to develop a neighborhood playability rating system in the Washington, DC (DMV) area. Similar to walkability scores, these playability scores will estimate how affable a neighborhood is to active play. The BEAP Study will attempt to provide a broad view of factors influencing the level and type of active play among children. Using a cross-sectional design, the BEAP Study will collect data using a mail questionnaire administered to the parents and/or guardians of 2000 children aged 7-12 years residing in select DMV areas in October of 2014. Questionnaire data, including information on active play, home and neighborhood characteristics, parental perceptions, and sociodemographic characteristics will be merged through a geographic information system (GIS) with objective built environment measures in the participants’ neighborhoods. An ordered logit model will be used to regress an ordinal active play outcome on built environment exposure variables while adjusting for potential confounders. Upon the construction of the final model, predictor coefficients will be used as parameters in the scoring system to develop neighborhood playability scores. The BEAP Study intends to generate a neighborhood playability index by characterizing and quantifying children’s active play using parent-reported physical activity data in children, GIS data and built environment measures in participant neighborhoods. The BEAP Study will improve our understanding of the built environment and childhood playability relationship while also contributing to the body of evidence-based built environment and physical activity research.
Comparing Spatial Social Network Models for an Agent-based Simulation
Creators: name: Srihan
name: , Ketevan
name: , Sachin
name: Kheya
name: , Hamdi
name: , Andreas
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2022

description: Location-Based Social Networks (LBSNs) combine location information with social networks and have been studied vividly in the last decade. The main research gap is the lack of available and authoritative social network datasets. Publicly available social network datasets are small and sparse, as only a small fraction of the population is captured in the dataset. For this reason, network generators are often employed to synthetically generate social networks to study LBSNs. In this work, we propose an evolving social network, implemented in an agent-based simulation, to generate realistic social networks. In the simulation, as agents move to different places of interest have the chance of making social connections with other agents as they visit the same place. The choice of places that agents visit in our simulation is informed by a large-scale real-world mobility dataset. We show qualitatively that our simulated social networks are more realistic than traditional social network generators including the Erdos-Renyi, Watts-Strogatz, and Barabasi-Albert.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 4 (2022)
CIP/multi-moment finite volume method with arbitrary order of accuracy
Creators: name: Xiao, Feng
name: Ii, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents a general formulation of the CIP/multi-moment finite volume method (CIP/MM FVM) for arbitrary order of accuracy. Reconstruction up to arbitrary order can be built on single cell by adding extra derivative moments at the cell boundary. The volume integrated average (VIA) is updated via a flux-form finite volume formulation, whereas the point-based derivative moments are computed as local derivative Riemann problems by either direct interpolation or approximate Riemann solvers.