cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A crucial test for astronomical spectrograph calibration with frequency combs
Creators: name: Probst, Rafael A.
name: Milaković, Dinko
name: Toledo-Padrón, Borja
name: Curto, Gaspare Lo
name: Avila, Gerardo
name: Brucalassi, Anna
name: Martins, Bruno L. Canto
name: Leão, Izan de Castro
name: Esposito, Massimiliano
name: Hernández, Jonay I. González
name: Grupp, Frank
name: Hänsch, Theodor W.
name: Kellermann, Hanna
name: Kerber, Florian
name: Mandel, Olaf
name: Manescau, Antonio
name: Pozna, Eszter
name: Rebolo, Rafael
name: de Medeiros, José Renan
name: Steinmetz, Tilo
name: Mascareño, Alejandro Suárez
name: Udem, Thomas
name: Urrutia, Josefina
name: Wu, Yuanjie
name: Pasquini, Luca
name: Holzwarth, Ronald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Laser frequency combs (LFCs) are well on their way to becoming the next-generation calibration sources for precision astronomical spectroscopy. This development is considered key in the hunt for low-mass rocky exoplanets around solar-type stars whose discovery with the radial-velocity method requires cm/s Doppler precision. In order to prove such precise calibration with an LFC, it must be compared to another calibrator of at least the same precision. Being the best available spectrograph calibrator, this means comparing it to a second - fully independent - LFC. This test had long been pending, but our installation of two LFCs at the ultra-stable spectrograph HARPS presented the so far unique opportunity for simultaneous calibrations with two separate LFCs. Although limited in time, the test results confirm the 1 cm/s stability that has long been anticipated by the astronomical community.
description: 22 pages, 14 figures. View the Nature Astronomy publication under https://rdcu.be/b1tMB . Nature Astronomy article available under https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-020-1010-x
Arbitrage, Equilibrium, and Nonsatiation
Creators: name: Allouch, Nizar
name: Le Van, Cuong
name: Page, Frank H.
name: Allouch, Nizar
name: Le Van, Cuong
name: Page, Frank H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Arbitrage
subject: Asset Market Equilibrium
subject: Nonsatiation
subject: Recession Cones

description: In his seminal paper on arbitrage and competitive equilibrium in unbounded exchange economies, Werner (Econometrica, 1987) proved the existence of a competitive equilibrium, under a price noarbitrage condition, without assuming either local or global nonsatiation. Werner's existence result contrasts sharply with classical existence results for bounded exchange economies which require, at minimum, global nonsatiation at rational allocations. Why do unbounded exchange economies admit existence without local or global nonsatiation? This question is the focus of our paper. We make two main contributions to the theory of arbitrage and competitive equilibrium. First, we show that, in general, in unbounded exchange economies (for example, asset exchange economies allowing short sales), even if some agents' preferences are satiated, the absence of arbitrage is sucient for the existence of competitive equilibria, as long as each agent who is satiated has a nonempty set of useful net trades - that is, as long as agents' preferences satisfy weak nonsatiation. Second, we provide a new approach to proving existence in unbounded exchange economies. The key step in our new approach is to transform the original economy to an economy satisfying global nonsatiation such that all equilibria of the transformed economy are equilibria of the original economy. What our approach makes clear is that it is precisely the condition of weak nonsatiation - a condition considerably weaker than local or global nonsatiation - that makes possible this transformation. Moreover, as we show via examples, without weak nonsatiation, existence fails.
The effects of entry in bilateral oligopoly
Creators: name: Naylor, Robin A.
name: Naylor, Robin A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Unionized bilateral oligopoly
subject: wage bargaining
subject: firm profits

description: We show that a firm’s profits under Cournot oligopoly can be increasing in the number of firms in the industry if wages are determined by (decentralised) bargaining in unionized bilateral oligopoly. The intuition for the result is that increased product market competition following an increase in the number of firms is mirrored by increased labor market rivalry which induces (profit-enhancing) wage moderation. Whether the product or labor market effect dominates depends both on the extent of union bargaining power and on the nature of union preferences. A corollary of the results derived is that if the upstream agents are firms rather than labor unions, then profits are always decreasing in the number of firms, as in the standard Cournot model. We also show that if bargaining is centralized then there is no wage moderation effect and wages are the same independent of the number of firms, as in the standard model with exogenous factor costs.
Competitive Pricing in Socially Networked Economies
Creators: name: Allouch, Nizar
name: Wooders, Myrna
name: Allouch, Nizar
name: Wooders, Myrna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Public Economics
subject: social networks
subject: competitive pricing
subject: cliques
subject: clubs
subject: Edgeworth equivalence
subject: core

description: In the context of a socially networked economy, this paper demonstrates an Edgeworth equivalence between the set of competitive allocations and the core. Each participant in the economy may have multiple links with other participants and the equilibrium network may be as large as the entire set of participants. A clique is a group of people who are all connected with each other. Large cliques, possibly as large as the entire population, are permitted; this is important since we wish to include in our analysis large, world-wide organizations such as workers in multi-national …rms and members of world-wide environmental organizations, for example, as well as small cliques, such as twoperson partnerships. A special case of our model is equivalent to a club economy where clubs may be large and individuals may belong to multiple clubs. The features of our model that cliques within a networked economy may be as large as the entire population and individuals may belong to multiple cliques thus allow us to extend the extant decentralisation literature on competitive pricing in economies with clubs and multiple memberships (where club sizes are uniformly bounded, independent of the size of the economy)
Binaries and core-ring structures in self-gravitating systems
Creators: name: Ispolatov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low energy states of self-gravitating systems with finite angular momentum are considered. A constraint is introduced to confine cores and other condensed objects within the system boundaries by gravity alone. This excludes previously observed astrophysically irrelevant asymmetric configurations with a single core. We show that for an intermediate range of a short-distance cutoff and small angular momentum, the equilibrium configuration is an asymmetric binary. For larger angular momentum or for a smaller range of the short distance cutoff, the equilibrium configuration consists of a central core and an equatorial ring. The mass of the ring varies between zero for vanishing rotation and the full system mass for the maximum angular momentum $L_{max}$ a localized gravitationally bound system can have. The value of $L_{max}$ scales as $\sqrt{\ln(1/x_0)}$, where $x_0$ is a ratio of a short-distance cutoff range to the system size. An example of the soft gravitational potential is considered; the conclusions are shown to be valid for other forms of short-distance regularization.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Dynamic Club Formation with Coordination
Creators: name: Arnold, Tone
name: Wooders, Myrna
name: Arnold, Tone
name: Wooders, Myrna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Club formation
subject: Cooperation
subject: Best-reply dynamics
subject: Learning
subject: Approximate Nash club Equilibrium
subject: Approximate core

description: We present a dynamic model of jurisdiction formation in a society of identical people. The process is described by a Markov chain that is de¯ned by myopic optimization on the part of the players. We show that the process will converge to a Nash equilibrium club structure. Next, we allow for coordination between members of the same club, i. e. club members can form coalitions for one period and deviate jointly. We de¯ne a Nash club equilibrium (NCE) as a strategy con¯guration that is immune to such coalitional deviations. We show that, if one exists, this modi¯ed process will converge to a NCE con¯guration with probability one. Finally, we deal with the case where a NCE fails to exist due to indivisibility problems. When the population size is not an integer multiple of the optimal club size, there will be left over players who prevent the process from settling down. We de¯ne the concept of an approximate Nash club equilibrium (ANCE), which means that all but k players are playing a Nash club equilibrium, where k is de¯ned by the minimal number of left over players. We show that the modified process converges to an ergodic set of states each of which is ANCE.
ESTIMATING NATIONAL STOCKS OF GRAIN FROM AVAILABLE WEEKLY INFORMATION
Creators: name: Ruppel, Fred J.
name: Bevers, Stan
name: Ruppel, Fred J.
name: Bevers, Stan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
International Relations/Trade

description: A method for estimating national quarterly stocks of corn, sorghum, soybeans and wheat from available weekly quantity data is introduced and applied to 1975-1987 data. Preliminary results are presented. Refinement of this technique will allow for estimation of national stocks of grain at any point in the marketing year.
First Observation of $D^+\to ημ^+ν_μ$ and Measurement of its Decay Dynamics
Creators: name: BESIII Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By analyzing a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $2.93~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure for the first time the absolute branching fraction of the $D^+\to ημ^+ν_μ$ decay to be ${\mathcal B}_{D^+\to ημ^+ν_μ}=(10.4\pm1.0_{\rm stat}\pm0.5_{\rm syst})\times 10^{-4}$. Using the world averaged value of ${\mathcal B}_{D^+\to ηe^+ν_e}$, the ratio of the two branching fractions is determined to be ${\mathcal B}_{D^+\to ημ^+ν_μ}/{\mathcal B}_{D^+\to ηe^+ν_e}=0.91\pm0.13$, which agrees with the theoretical expectation of lepton flavor universality within uncertainty. Here, the uncertainty is the sum in quadrature of the statistical and systematic uncertainties. By studying the differential decay rates in five four-momentum transfer intervals, we obtain the product of the hadronic form factor $f^η_{+}(0)$ and the $c\to d$ Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element $|V_{cd}|$ to be $f_{+}^η(0)|V_{cd}|=0.087\pm0.008_{\rm stat}\pm0.002_{\rm syst}$. Taking the input of $|V_{cd}|$ from the global fit in the standard model, we determine $f_{+}^η(0)=0.39\pm0.04_{\rm stat}\pm0.01_{\rm syst}$. On the other hand, using the value of $f_+^η(0)$ calculated in theory, we find $|V_{cd}|=0.242\pm0.022_{\rm stat}\pm0.006_{\rm syst}\pm0.033_{\rm theory}$.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
System Test of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer in the H8 Beam at the CERN SPS
Creators: name: Etzion, Erez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An extensive system test of the ATLAS muon spectrometer has been performed in the H8 beam line at the CERN SPS during the last four years. This spectrometer will use pressurized Monitored Drift Tube (MDT) chambers and Cathode Strip Chambers (CSC) for precision tracking, Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) for triggering in the barrel and Thin Gap Chambers (TGCs) for triggering in the end-cap region. The test set-up emulates one projective tower of the barrel (six MDT chambers and six RPCs) and one end-cap octant (six MDT chambers, A CSC and three TGCs). The barrel and end-cap stands have also been equipped with optical alignment systems, aiming at a relative positioning of the precision chambers in each tower to 30-40 micrometers. In addition to the performance of the detectors and the alignment scheme, many other systems aspects of the ATLAS muon spectrometer have been tested and validated with this setup, such as the mechanical detector integration and installation, the detector control system, the data acquisition, high level trigger software and off-line event reconstruction. Measurements with muon energies ranging from 20 to 300 GeV have allowed measuring the trigger and tracking performance of this set-up, in a configuration very similar to the final spectrometer. A special bunched muon beam with 25 ns bunch spacing, emulating the LHC bunch structure, has been used to study the timing resolution and bunch identification performance of the trigger chambers. The ATLAS first-level trigger chain has been operated with muon trigger signals for the first time.
ANALYSIS OF INDUCED INSTITUTIONAL INNOVATION ALTERNATIVES FOR PROVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT SERVICES
Creators: name: Otto, Daniel M.
name: Edelman, Mark A.
name: Otto, Daniel M.
name: Edelman, Mark A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Political Economy

description: An induced innovations framework was used to develop and test a model of factors affecting county government's decisions to adopt alternative service delivery methods. Size measures of population and tax base, fiscal measures of tax revenues, the share of tax base in agriculture and access to human capital were significantly related to county use of innovations.
On the breaking of Casimir scaling in jet quenching
Creators: name: Apolinário, Liliana
name: Barata, João
name: Milhano, Guilherme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the breaking of Casimir scaling, $C_F/C_A$, due to the evolution of jets in a hot and extended medium. By using JEWEL, a medium modified Monte Carlo event generator validated for a wide set of observables, we are able to study separately the development of quark and gluon-initiated jets produced back-to-back with a $Z-$boson. Focusing on the $p_T$ distribution, we conclude first that the colour charge ratio is constant but larger than Casimir scaling for high $p_T$ jets. In addition, our results seem to indicate that the medium induced cascade is more similar between quarks and gluons, thus driving the overall medium shower scaling away from the vacuum expectation. Finally, we compare our results to another Monte Carlo generator and observe the same scaling violation.
description: Updated figures and text, minor changes no modification of the results, published version
CEREAL PRICES IN THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITY: A POLICY TRANSMISSION MODEL
Creators: name: Surry, Yves
name: Surry, Yves
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries

description: EC cereal policy allows cereal market prices to fluctuate between intervention and threshold prices, according to local supply/demand conditions. To capture the impact of this policy on EC cereal prices, a varying-parameter transmission model is specified and estimated for market wheat prices in France, the Federal Republic of Germany and Britain.
Effects of the 1986 Tax Reform Act on Grain Marketing Decisions: A Case Study of Winter Wheat Producers
Creators: name: Tronstad, Russell
name: Taylor, C. Robert
name: Tronstad, Russell
name: Taylor, C. Robert
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Crop Production/Industries
Political Economy

description: Dynamic programming is utilized to derive an optimal monthly cash grain marketing decision rule for years before and after the 1986 Tax Reform Act. State variables of grain price, storage, and before-tax income were considered in this analysis. Results indicate changes in optimal marketing decisions for different tax years.
Where Should You Park Your Car? The $\frac{1}{2}$ Rule
Creators: name: Krapivsky, P. L.
name: Redner, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate parking in a one-dimensional lot, where cars enter at a rate $λ$ and each attempts to park close to a target at the origin. Parked cars also depart at rate 1. An entering driver cannot see beyond the parked cars for more desirable open spots. We analyze a class of strategies in which a driver ignores open spots beyond $τL$, where $τ$ is a risk threshold and $L$ is the location of the most distant parked car, and attempts to park at the first available spot encountered closer than $τL$. When all drivers use this strategy, the probability to park at the best available spot is maximal when $τ=\frac{1}{2}$, and parking at the best available spot occurs with probability $\frac{1}{4}$.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures, IOP format. Version 2 for publication in JSTAT
Neutron and quark stars: constraining the parameters for simple EoS using the GW170817
Creators: name: Arroyo-Chávez, Griselda
name: Cruz-Osorio, Alejandro
name: Lora-Clavijo, F. D.
name: Vargas, Cuauhtemoc Campuzano
name: Mora, Luis Alejandro García
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that the equation of state (EoS) of compact objects like neutron and quark stars is not determined despite there are several sophisticated models to describe it. From the electromagnetic observations, summarized in \cite{Lattimer01}, and the recent observation of gravitational waves from binary neutron star inspiral GW170817 \cite{Abbott2017_etal} and GW190425 \cite{Abbott2019}, it is possible to make an estimation of the range of masses and so constraint the mass of the neutron and quark stars, determining not only the best approximation for the EoS, but which kind of stars we would be observing. In this paper we explore several configurations of neutron stars assuming a simple polytropic equation of state, using a single layer model without crust. In particular, when the EoS depends on the mass rest density, $p=K ρ_{0}^Γ$, and when it depends on the energy density $p=K ρ^Γ$, considerable differences in the mass-radius relationships are found. On the other hand, we also explore quark stars models using the MIT bag EoS for different values of the vacuum energy density $B$.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures and 1 table
AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE BEEF-CATTLE GRAZING SYSTEMS
Creators: name: D'Souza, Gerard E.
name: Smith, Dennis K.
name: Romero, Rafael F.
name: D'Souza, Gerard E.
name: Smith, Dennis K.
name: Romero, Rafael F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Livestock Production/Industries

description: The investment potential of alternative grazing systems is analyzed with emphasis on hill-land beef-cattle production. Utilizing a linear programming quasi-optimal solution technique, the results are illustrated for a representative farm. In general, grazing systems incorporating warm-season grasses are found to be a more desirable investment alternative.
Lithium niobate photonic-crystal electro-optic modulator
Creators: name: Li, Mingxiao
name: Ling, Jingwei
name: He, Yang
name: Javid, Usman A.
name: Xue, Shixin
name: Lin, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Modern advanced photonic integrated circuits require dense integration of high-speed electro-optic functional elements on a compact chip that consumes only moderate power. Energy efficiency, operation speed, and device dimension are thus crucial metrics underlying almost all current developments of photonic signal processing units. Recently, thin-film lithium niobate (LN) emerges as a promising platform for photonic integrated circuits. Here we make an important step towards miniaturizing functional components on this platform, reporting probably the smallest high-speed LN electro-optic modulators, based upon photonic crystal nanobeam resonators. The devices exhibit a significant tuning efficiency up to 1.98 GHz/V, a broad modulation bandwidth of 17.5 GHz, while with a tiny electro-optic modal volume of only 0.58 $μ{\rm m}^3$. The modulators enable efficient electro-optic driving of high-Q photonic cavity modes in both adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes, and allow us to achieve electro-optic switching at 11 Gb/s with a bit-switching energy as low as 22 fJ. The demonstration of energy efficient and high-speed electro-optic modulation at the wavelength scale paves a crucial foundation for realizing large-scale LN photonic integrated circuits that are of immense importance for broad applications in data communication, microwave photonics, and quantum photonics.
X1908+075: A Pulsar Orbiting in the Stellar Wind of a Massive Companion
Creators: name: Levine, A. M.
name: Rappaport, S.
name: Remillard, R.
name: Savcheva, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have observed the persistent but optically unidentified X-ray source X1908+075 with the PCA and HEXTE instruments on RXTE. The binary nature of this source was established by Wen, Remillard, & Bradt (2000) who found a 4.4-day orbital period in results from the RXTE ASM. We report the discovery of 605 s pulsations in the X-ray flux. The Doppler delay curve is measured and provides a mass function of 6.1 Msun which is a lower limit to the mass of the binary companion of the neutron star. The degree of attenuation of the low-energy end of the spectrum is found to be a strong function of orbital phase. A simple model of absorption in a stellar wind from the companion star fits the orbital phase dependence reasonably well and limits the orbital inclination angle to the range 38 to 72 degrees. These measured parameters lead to an orbital separation of 60 to 80 lt-s, a mass for the companion star in the range 9-31 Msun, and an upper limit to the size of the companion of ~22 Rsun. From our analysis we also infer a wind mass loss rate from the companion star of >~ 1.3 x 10^-6 Msun/yr and, when the properties of the companion star and the effects of photoionization are considered, likely >~ 4 x 10^-6 Msun/yr. Such a high rate is inconsistent with the allowed masses and radii that we find for a main sequence or modestly evolved star unless the mass loss rate is enhanced in the binary system relative to that of an isolated star. We discuss the possibility that the companion might be a Wolf-Rayet star that could evolve to become a black hole in 10^4 to 10^5 yr. If so, this would be the first identified progenitor of a neutron star--black hole binary.
description: 16 pages, 11 Postscript figures (some different from those in original version), heavily revised second version includes extended stellar wind model analysis, accepted by ApJ
Biomass source study final report
Creators: name: Tavakoli, Arash
name: Yu, Lawrence
name: Kashi, Maryam
name: Fernando, Tarini
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
A First-Principles Investigation of Phonon Softenings and Lattice Instabilities in the Shape-Memory System Ni$_{2}$MnGa
Creators: name: Zayak, A. T.
name: Entel, P.
name: Enkovaara, J.
name: Ayuela, A.
name: Nieminen, R. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ferromagnetic \nmg has unique magnetoelastic properties. These are investigated by detailed computational studies of the phonon dispersion curves for the non-modulated cubic \Ltw and tetragonal structures. For the \Ltw\ structure, a complete softening of the transverse acoustic mode has been found around the wave vector $\mathbf{q}=[1/3,1/3,0](2 π/a)$. The softening of this \TA{2} phonon mode leads to the premartensitic modulated super-structure observed experimentally. Further phonon anomalies, related to other structural transformations in \nmg, have also been found and examined. These anomalies appear to be due to the coupling of particular acoustic phonon modes and optical modes derived from Ni.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: An uncommon lesion around the knee
Creators: name: Primitivo, Ana
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Musculoskeletal system
subject: Musculoskeletal soft tissue
subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: MR-Functional imaging
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Education
subject: Education and training
subject: Clinical Cases

description: Clinical History: A 31-year-old woman with a palpable knee mass reports a 2-year history of progressive limitation in knee flexion. This mass is present since infancy but has progressively developed in the preceding 2 years. She denies a history of trauma. 

The neurologic exam was normal, without sensory deficits. 

description: 31 years, female
749-P-MARCH-1327.pdf
Creators: name: GOPALAN K., R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 160699 Political Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: 160509 Public Administration
subject: 160510 Public Policy

description: After India's independence, the legitimacy of theIndian government was closely linked to its ability tointegrate the large, historically marginalizedpopulation into Indian political institutions. Prior toindependence, Indian leaders favored preferentialtreatment for groups that experienced economic andsocial discrimination as a result of the caste system.The 1951 Indian constitution(1st Amendment)mandated the representation of Scheduled Castes andScheduled Tribes by reserving quotas for them inEducational Institutions. Over the years,constitutional changes have added and revised thereservation system for providing Social justice andnow in 2019 it made amendments to providereservations for the economically backward sectionsof the society which is seen as an act of EconomicJustice too. This study deals with the awareness andopinions of the Arts college students in Chennai aboutthe 103rd Amendment Act, 2019(Providing 10%Reservation for Economically Weaker Sections of thegeneral category). This study indicates the awarenessand opinions of the people about uplifting theeconomically weaker sections of the society.
Generalized Finsler Geometry in Einstein, String and Metric--Affine Gravity
Creators: name: Vacaru, Sergiu I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop the method of anholonomic frames with associated nonlinear connection (in brief, N--connection) structure and show explicitly how geometries with local anisotropy (various type of Finsler--Lagrange--Cartan--Hamilton geometry) can be modeled in the metric--affine spaces. There are formulated the criteria when such generalized Finsler metrics are effectively induced in the Einstein, teleparallel, Riemann--Cartan and metric--affine gravity. We argue that every generic off--diagonal metric (which can not be diagonalized by coordinate transforms) is related to specific N--connection configurations. We elaborate the concept of generalized Finsler--affine geometry for spaces provided with arbitrary N--connection, metric and linear connection structures and characterized by gravitational field strengths, i. e. by nontrivial N--connection curvature, Riemannian curvature, torsion and nonmetricity. We apply a irreducible decomposition techniques (in our case with additional N--connection splitting) and study the dynamics of metric--affine gravity fields generating Finsler like configurations. The classification of basic eleven classes of metric--affine spaces with generic local anisotropy is presented.
description: Latex2e, 55 pages + 26 pages for Appendix and Tables 1-11
High times : The effect of medical marijuana laws on student time use
Creators: name: Chu, Yu-Wei Luke
name: Gershenson, Seth
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Twenty-three states and the District of Columbia have passed medical marijuana laws. Previous research shows that these laws increase marijuana use among adults. In this paper, we estimate the effects of medical marijuana laws (MML) on secondary and post-secondary students' time use using time diaries from the American Time Use Survey. We apply a difference-in-differences research design and estimate flexible fixed effects models that condition on state fixed effects and state-specific time trends. We find that on average, part-time college students in MML states spend 42 fewer minutes on homework, 37 fewer minutes attending class, and 60 more minutes watching television than their counterparts in non-MML states. However, we find no effects of MMLs on secondary or full-time college students. These results provide evidence on the mechanisms through which marijuana use affects educational outcomes, young peoples' behavioral responses to MMLs (and reduced costs of obtaining marijuana), and that the impact of MMLs on student outcomes are heterogeneous and stronger among disadvantaged students.
Machine Learning to Tackle the Challenges of Transient and Soft Errors in Complex Circuits
Creators: name: Lange, Thomas
name: Balakrishnan, Aneesh
name: Glorieux, Maximilien
name: Alexandrescu, Dan
name: Sterpone, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Functional Failure Rate analysis of today's complex circuits is a difficult task and requires a significant investment in terms of human efforts, processing resources and tool licenses. Thereby, de-rating or vulnerability factors are a major instrument of failure analysis efforts. Usually computationally intensive fault-injection simulation campaigns are required to obtain a fine-grained reliability metrics for the functional level. Therefore, the use of machine learning algorithms to assist this procedure and thus, optimising and enhancing fault injection efforts, is investigated in this paper. Specifically, machine learning models are used to predict accurate per-instance Functional De-Rating data for the full list of circuit instances, an objective that is difficult to reach using classical methods. The described methodology uses a set of per-instance features, extracted through an analysis approach, combining static elements (cell properties, circuit structure, synthesis attributes) and dynamic elements (signal activity). Reference data is obtained through first-principles fault simulation approaches. One part of this reference dataset is used to train the machine learning model and the remaining is used to validate and benchmark the accuracy of the trained tool. The presented methodology is applied on a practical example and various machine learning models are evaluated and compared.
High times : The effect of medical marijuana laws on student time use
Creators: name: Chu, Yu-Wei Luke
name: Gershenson, Seth
Publisher: name: American University (Washington, D.C.)
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education

description: Twenty-three states and the District of Columbia have passed medical marijuana laws. Previous research shows that these laws increase marijuana use among adults. In this paper, we estimate the effects of medical marijuana laws (MML) on secondary and post-secondary students' time use using time diaries from the American Time Use Survey. We apply a difference-in-differences research design and estimate flexible fixed effects models that condition on state fixed effects and state-specific time trends. We find that on average, part-time college students in MML states spend 42 fewer minutes on homework, 37 fewer minutes attending class, and 60 more minutes watching television than their counterparts in non-MML states. However, we find no effects of MMLs on secondary or full-time college students. These results provide evidence on the mechanisms through which marijuana use affects educational outcomes, young peoples' behavioral responses to MMLs (and reduced costs of obtaining marijuana), and that the impact of MMLs on student outcomes are heterogeneous and stronger among disadvantaged students.
Reconstructing Stokes parameters from non-uniform division-of-focal-plane modulation
Creators: name: Jiang, Zhaoxiang
name: Zhang, Qingchuan
name: Wu, Shangquan
name: Xu, Tan
name: Su, Yong
name: Bai, Chuanbiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Division-of-focal-plane modulation is a powerful technique for real-time polarization imaging. This technique, however, suffers from the non-uniformity of the performance of linear polarization filters and photodetectors. We study the Stokes parameters reconstruction from the division-of-focal-plane modulation in the presence of the non-uniformity. Two reconstruction methods, named as least-squares and smoothing regularization methods, are proposed. The performance of the proposed methods are evaluated through Fourier analysis, numerical simulations, and experiments. The results indicate that the proposed methods can effectively mitigate the reconstruction errors and artifacts caused by the non-uniformity, and therefore may further facilitate the practical application of the division-of-focal-plane technique.
Analysis of systematic scan Metropolis algorithms using Iwahori-Hecke algebra techniques
Creators: name: Diaconis, Persi
name: Ram, Arun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Analysis of systematic scan Metropolis algorithms using Iwahori-Hecke algebra techniques
Performance of real-time adaptive optics compensation in a turbulent channel with high-dimensional spatial-mode encoding
Creators: name: Zhao, Jiapeng
name: Zhou, Yiyu
name: Braverman, Boris
name: Liu, Cong
name: Pang, Kai
name: Steinhoff, Nicholas K.
name: Tyler, Glenn A.
name: Willner, Alan E.
name: Boyd, Robert W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photons is a promising degree of freedom for high-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD). However, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of atmospheric turbulence is a persistent challenge in OAM QKD systems operating over free-space communication channels. In contrast to previous works focusing on correcting static simulated turbulence, we investigate the performance of OAM QKD in real atmospheric turbulence with real-time adaptive optics (AO) correction. We show that, even our AO system provides a limited correction, it is possible to mitigate the errors induced by weak turbulence and establish a secure channel. The crosstalk induced by turbulence and the performance of AO systems is investigated in two configurations: a lab-scale link with controllable turbulence, and a 340 m long cross-campus link with dynamic atmospheric turbulence. Our experimental results suggest that an advanced AO system with fine beam tracking, reliable beam stabilization, precise wavefront sensing, and accurate wavefront correction is necessary to adequately correct turbulence-induced error. We also propose and demonstrate different solutions to improve the performance of OAM QKD with turbulence, which could enable the possibility of OAM encoding in strong turbulence.
Drift by Dichotomous Markov Noise
Creators: name: Bena, I.
name: Broeck, C. Van den
name: Kawai, R.
name: Lindenberg, Katja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive explicit results for the asymptotic probability density and drift velocity in systems driven by dichotomous Markov noise, including the situation in which the asymptotic dynamics crosses {\em unstable} fixed points. The results are illustrated on the problem of the rocking ratchet.
description: 24 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Physical Review E
Capacity Limits of Cognitive Radio with Distributed and Dynamic Spectral Activity
Creators: name: Jafar, Syed A.
name: Srinivasa, Sudhir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We investigate the capacity of opportunistic communication in the presence of dynamic and distributed spectral activity, i.e. when the time varying spectral holes sensed by the cognitive transmitter are correlated but not identical to those sensed by the cognitive receiver. Using the information theoretic framework of communication with causal and non-causal side information at the transmitter and/or the receiver, we obtain analytical capacity expressions and the corresponding numerical results. We find that cognitive radio communication is robust to dynamic spectral environments even when the communication occurs in bursts of only 3-5 symbols. The value of handshake overhead is investigated for both lightly loaded and heavily loaded systems. We find that the capacity benefits of overhead information flow from the transmitter to the receiver is negligible while feedback information overhead in the opposite direction significantly improves capacity.
description: 6 pages
Novel trajectories of universities engagement: from local economic development to social innovation practices
Creators: name: Donati, Letizia
Publisher: name: Università degli studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: The objective of this study is threefold. The first objective is to provide an integrated perspective towards the territorial engagement of universities and their related models and strategies. The second objective is to verify whether tendencies pointing to an integrated strategy of university engagement are emerging in real settings, while the third objective is to deepen the understanding of the university’s potential contribution to social innovation practices. The first part of the work is devoted to review the literature on the institutionalization of university third mission and its relation to university territorial engagement and it presents an analysis of the different university models and strategies adopted by the academic system to reach engagement goals in the last decades. In this context, the System-based University is introduced as a university model which encompasses an integrated approach to university territorial engagement. Such model is built upon contributions on Civic and Developmental universities and their role in local socio-economic dynamics. It presents itself as an integrated model that includes but goes beyond the focus on technology transfer featuring third mission activities embodied at the beginning of the 21st century by the so-called Entrepreneurial university. The System-based model is represented by three main factors: i) synergy between the core missions of teaching and research and the third mission, ii) alignment between the needs expressed by the territory and the knowledge produced by the university, and iii) a balanced approach to research excellence. The second part of the work proposes an empirical analysis aimed at identifying tendencies towards system-based models of university, in particular within the Italian academic system. This part makes use of multivariate statistical techniques. Eventually, the third part aims at deepening the role of universities in the social innovation realm, drawing on the few contributions on this topic and on a recent stream of research that connects social innovation to quadruple helix model of interaction between government, industry, universities and civil society. Namely, this last part investigates how and why universities may engage in quadruple helix partnerships, applying an exploratory case study methodology on data stemming from the Urban Innovative Actions, a novel European programme in the context of social innovation in urban areas.
On the spherical collapse model in dark energy cosmologies
Creators: name: Mota, D. F.
name: van de Bruck, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spherical collapse model in dark energy cosmologies, in which dark energy is modelled as a minimally coupled scalar field. We first follow the standard assumption that dark energy does not cluster on the scales of interest. Investigating four different popular potentials in detail, we show that the predictions of the spherical collapse model depend on the potential used. We also investigate the dependence on the initial conditions. Secondly, we investigate in how far perturbations in the quintessence field affect the predictions of the spherical collapse model. In doing so, we assume that the field collapses along with the dark matter. Although the field is still subdominant at the time of virialisation, the predictions are different from the case of a homogeneous dark energy component. This will in particular be true if the field is non--minimally coupled. We conclude that a better understanding of the evolution of dark energy in the highly non--linear regime is needed in order to make predictions using the spherical collapse model in models with dark energy.
description: Revised and extended version accepted for publication in A&A. 13 pages, 10 figures, uses aa.cls. An extra section was added simulating a more conservative situation where dark energy feels the collapse of the overdensity only after the turnaround
Gravity in the Era of Equality: Towards solutions to the Hubble problem without fine-tuned initial conditions
Creators: name: Zumalacarregui, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Discrepant measurements of the Universe's expansion rate ($H_0$) may signal physics beyond the standard cosmological model. Here I describe two early modified gravity mechanisms that reconcile the value of $H_0$ by increasing the expansion rate in the era of matter-radiation equality. These mechanisms, based on viable Horndeski theories, require significantly less fine-tuned initial conditions than early dark energy with oscillating scalar fields. In Imperfect Dark Energy at Equality (IDEE), the initial energy density dilutes slower than radiation but faster than matter, naturally peaking around the era of equality. The minimal IDEE model, a cubic Galileon, is too constrained by the cosmic microwave background (Planck) and baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) to relieve the $H_0$ tension. In Enhanced Early Gravity (EEG), the scalar field value modulates the cosmological strength of gravity. The minimal EEG model, an exponentially coupled cubic Galileon, gives a Planck+BAO value $H_0=68.7 \pm 1.5$ (68\% c.l.), reducing the tension with SH0ES from $4.4σ$ to $2.6σ$. Additionally, Galileon contributions to cosmic acceleration may reconcile $H_0$ via Late-Universe Phantom Expansion (LUPE). Combining LUPE, EEG and $Λ$ reduces the tension between Planck, BAO and SH0ES to $2.5σ$. I will also describe additional tests of coupled Galileons based on local gravity tests, primordial element abundances and gravitational waves. While further model building is required to fully resolve the $H_0$ problem and satisfy all available observations, these examples show the wealth of possibilities to solve cosmological tensions beyond Einstein's General Relativity.
description: Updated discussion of S8 tension. Summary for busy readers. 26 pages + appendices, 17 figures. Accepted in PRD
On the O II ground configuration energy levels
Creators: name: Blagrave, K. P. M.
name: Martin, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most accurate way to measure the energy levels for the O II 2p^3 ground configuration has been from the forbidden lines in planetary nebulae. We present an analysis of modern planetary nebula data that nicely constrain the splitting within the ^2D term and the separation of this term from the ground ^4S_{3/2} level. We extend this method to H II regions using high-resolution spectroscopy of the Orion nebula, covering all six visible transitions within the ground configuration. These data confirm the splitting of the ^2D term while additionally constraining the splitting of the ^2P term. The energies of the ^2P and ^2D terms relative to the ground (^4S) term are constrained by requiring that all six lines give the same radial velocity, consistent with independent limits placed on the motion of the O+ gas and the planetary nebula data.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures. To be published in ApJ
First Principles Calculation of Anomalous Hall Conductivity in Ferromagnetic bcc Fe
Creators: name: Yao, Yugui
name: Kleinman, L.
name: MacDonald, A. H.
name: Sinova, Jairo
name: Jungwirth, T.
name: Wang, Ding-sheng
name: Wang, Enge
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a first principles calculation of the anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic bcc Fe. Our theory identifies an intrinsic contribution to the anomalous Hall conductivity and relates it to the k-space Berry phase of occupied Bloch states. The theory is able to account for both dc and magneto-optical Hall conductivities with no adjustable parameters.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures, author list corrected