Glomeris klugii Brandt 1833
Creators: name: Golovatch, Sergei
name: Mauriès, Jean-Paul
name: Akkari, Nesrine
name: Stoev, Pavel
name: Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Diplopoda
Glomerida
Glomeridae
Glomeris
Glomeris klugii

description: <i>Glomeris klugii</i> Brandt, 1833 Figs 10-14 <i>Glomeris klugii</i> Brandt, 1833: 195 (D). <i>Glomeris marmorata</i> Brandt, 1833: 196 (D), <b>syn. n.!</b> <i>Glomeris fuscomarmorata</i> Lucas, 1846: 284 (D), <b>syn. n.!</b> <i>Glomeris pustulata</i> Latr., var. <i>marmorata</i> – Brandt 1840b: 42 (R); 1841b: 148 (R); Gervais 1847: 73 (R). <i>Glomeris fusco-marmorata</i> (sic!) – Gervais 1847: 74 (R); Lucas 1849: 327, plate 1, fig. 4 (R); Pocock 1892: 27 (F); Brolemann 1921: 101 (L). <i>Glomeris conspersa</i> forma <i>genuina</i> (sic!) – Attems 1908: 105 (F). <i>Glomeris fuscomarmorata</i> – Schubart 1953: 218 (L); Abrous-Kherbouche &amp; Mauriès 1996: 586 (L). <i>Glomeris maculosa</i> Verhoeff, 1921: 27, fig. 3 (D), <b>syn. n.!</b> <i>Glomeris maculosa</i> – Schubart 1953: 218 (L). <i>Glomeris conspersa</i> – Abrous-Kherbouche &amp; Mauriès 1996: 572, 586 (F, L). <b>Type material examined:</b> Germany, “Hercynia”, leg. Zimmermann, 2 &amp;female;? syntypes of <i>Glomeris marmorata</i> Brandt, 1833 (ZMUB 39). No lectotype designation has been made here, particularly as we did not directly examine the material. Algeria, Philippeville (now Skikda), date?, leg. et det. H. Lucas, 1 &amp;female; syntype (“type”) of <i>Glomeris fuscomarmorata</i> (MNHN CC 043). Algeria, Gorges de la Chiffa, date?, leg. H. Ribaut, ♁ “type” of <i>Glomeris maculosa</i> Verhoeff, 1921 (ZSM A20070924 + micropreparation A 20032085). The ♁ represents only part of the syntype series, which was said to consist of 2 ♁ and 1 &amp;female; (Verhoeff 1921). <b>Other material</b> (nearly all previously identified as <i>Glomeris fuscomarmorata</i>): Algeria, “Bona” (now Annaba), leg. F. Meinert, 5 &amp;female; (ZMUC). Algeria, le Ruisseau (environs of Algiers), 18.XII.1892, leg. P. Lesne, 2 &amp;female; (MNHN CC 168, entry 6-97). Algeria, Ravin de la Femme Sauvage (environs of Algiers), XII.1892, leg. P. Lesne, 2 ♁, 2 &amp;female; (MNHN CC 168, entry 6-97). Algeria, loc.?, 1898, leg. Noucelhier, 1 ♁, 3 &amp;female; (MNHN CC 168). Algeria, Massif de l’Edough, VII-VIII.1918, leg. Ed. Ch. (?), 1 ♁ juv., 4 &amp;female; (MNHN CC 168). Algeria, near Algiers, ruisseau des Singes, date?, leg. et det. H. Ribaut, 1 ♁, 1 &amp;female;, 1&amp;female; juv. (MNHN CC 043). Algeria, Algiers, 3.IV.1907, leg. et det. H. Ribaut, 2 &amp;female; (MNHN CC 043). Tunisia (Khroumirie), Jendouba Gov., Aïn Draham, V-VI.1906, leg. H. Gadeau de Kerville, 1 ♁ (MNHN CC 043). Same locality, Aïn Draham, Col des Ruines, 36°47‘N, 8°41‘E, 19.XI.2003, leg N. Akkari, 1 &amp;female; (NMNH). Same locality, 5.II.2004, leg N. Akkari, 3 &amp;female; (ZMUM). Same locality, 19.XI.2003, leg N. Akkari, 1 &amp;female; (NMNH). Same locality, 18.IV.2004, leg. N. Akkari, 1 juv. (ZMUM). Same locality, alt. approx. 735 m, 9.III.2009, leg. N. Akkari and H. Enghoff, 1 &amp;female; (ZMUC). Same locality, alt. approx. 710 m, 11.III.2009, leg. N. Akkari and H. Enghoff, 3 ♁, 1 ♁ juv., 11 &amp;female; (ZMUC). Same locality, Aïn Draham area, 5-18.V.1988, leg. Z. M. Cop. Exp., 3 ♁, 2 &amp;female; (ZMUC 200107). Same locality, 7 km S of Aïn Draham, Les Chênes, 22.03.1986, leg. Z. M. Cop. Exp., 2 ♁, 6 &amp;female; (ZMUC 200109). Same locality, Fernana, 36°43’59″N, 8°40’43″E, alt. approx. 750 m, <i>Quercus-Erica</i> forest, 9.III.2009, leg. N. Akkari and H. Enghoff, 2 ♁ juv., 3 &amp;female; (ZMUC). Same locality, Aïn Draham, Beni M’Tir, 36°43’51″N, 8°42’19″E, alt. approx. 590 m, <i>Quercus-Erica</i> forest, 10.III.2009, leg. N. Akkari and H. Enghoff, 2 ♁, 1 ♁ juv., 2 &amp;female; (ZMUC). <b>Brief redescription:</b> Length up to 13.5 mm, width up to 6.25 mm. Coloration mostly vivid, very distinctly marbled, pattern as in Figs 10-13. Syncoxite of telopods as in Figs 14A, B, with only minor variations in shape of central lobe and in delicately bifid coxal horns. <b>Remarks</b>: The presumed type series of <i>G. marmorata</i>, even though represented by two dry, pinned specimens, has still preserved its colour pattern sufficiently well (Fig. 11) to compare it with the beautiful illustrations by Koch (1863) and hence to unequivocally synonymize this species here with <i>G. klugii</i>, the holotype of which has been revised elsewhere (Golovatch 2003). This formalizes Brolemann’s (1921) informal synonymy “ <i>G. conspersa</i> C. Koch, 1847 (= <i>marmorata</i>)” proposed in his checklist. The syntype of <i>G. fuscomarmorata</i> examined here has faded completely, apparently due to the long preservation in alcohol. Fortunately, most of the other samples from North Africa, especially fresh ones, have retained their coloration (Figs 10, 12), which matches quite closely the pattern depicted by Lucas (1849), based on a then recently collected syntype (Fig. 13). We are certain, however, that this species must also have been printed somewhat too dark and red compared to its natural coloration in Lucas’ (1849) Plate 1, likely because Lucas used dry material (cf Figs 11 and 13). On the other hand, <i>G. klugii</i> in Europe is known to exist in two colour morphs, the dark “ <i>undulata</i> ” and the light “ <i>conspersa</i> ” (Hoess 2000), of which “ <i>conspersa</i> ” is much more widespread and occupies peripheral parts of the species’ distribution area, including North Africa. Could material of “ <i>undulata</i> ” have served, at least in part, for Lucas’ (1846, 1849) descriptions and illustrations? Hoess (2000) marked as questionable populations of “ <i>conspersa</i> ” from a few small, outlying areas in the Balkans, near Algiers and Tunis, but we can confirm the presence of <i>G. klugii</i> in North Africa. We suggest that it could well have arrived there, particularly at the largest sea ports, through commercial activities, which have been going on since prehistoric times throughout the Mediterranean. The synonymy of <i>G. klugii</i> and <i>G. fuscomarmorata</i> proposed here therefore appears fully justified. Furthermore, we must give due tribute to Brandt (1840b, 1841a, b) who, already at the very beginning of diplopodological explorations in North Africa, wrote that his <i>G. marmorata</i> from Germany and Algeria were identical. Although he failed to recognize that his own <i>G. klugii</i> and <i>G. marmorata</i> actually represented the same speciesapparently because the holotype of <i>G. klugii</i> (surprisingly) did not show any striae on the thoracic shield, retained (in alcohol) its generally light coloration and was thought to have come from Egypt or Syria—he was essentially correct in thinking that the same species could exist on both continents. Likewise correct have been the very few subsequent records of “ <i>conspersa</i> ” in Algeria and Tunisia (Attems 1908; Abrous-Kherbouche and Mauriès 1996), whereas most other authors believed that the North African fauna, including that of <i>Glomeris</i>, is fully endemic. The syntype of <i>G. maculosa</i> is a “ <i>conspersa</i> ” specimen of <i>G. klugii</i>, with the colour pattern still well traceable. Hence the synonymy of these names is also proposed here. The fact that <i>G. klugii</i> belongs to the “ <i>Eurypleuromeris</i> ” type provides an additional indication of its probable introduction to North Africa from Europe. Moreover, even though <i>G. conspersa</i> is the type-species of <i>Eurypleuromeris</i>, Verhoeff (1921) mistakenly attributed his <i>G. maculosa</i> to the “ <i>Stenopleuromeris</i> ” type. Indeed, the anterior part of tergum 3 in the syntype of <i>G. maculosa</i> that we have examined is probably a little narrower than is usual for European or other North African “ <i>conspersa</i> ” specimens of <i>G. klugii</i>, but this variation seems too modest to be considered a reliable distinction, perhaps even reflecting individual rather than geographical variation. This is another good reason to abandon the subgeneric division of <i>Glomeris</i>.
description: Published as part of <i>Golovatch, Sergei, Mauriès, Jean-Paul, Akkari, Nesrine, Stoev, Pavel &amp; Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques, 2009, The millipede genus Glomeris Latreille, 1802 (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae) in North Africa, pp. 47-86 in ZooKeys 12 (12)</i> on pages 62-67, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.12.179, http://zenodo.org/record/576461
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