Plautia stali Scott 1874
Creators: name: Ishikawa, Tadashi
name: Moriya, Seiichi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Pentatomidae
Plautia
Plautia stali

description: Plautia stali Scott, 1874
(Figs. 1, 6, 7, 12, 14, 19–21, 28, 33, 38, 43, 48, 53, 58, 63, 68, 73, 78, 79)
Plautia stali Scott, 1874: 299 (new species). Syntypes: ♂ ♀, Japan; BMNH. Nezara amurensis Reuter in Autran & Reuter, 1888: 200 (new species). Holotype: ♀, Amuria [Amur Basin, Russian Far East]; Zoological Museum, University of Helsinki, Finland. Synonymized by Kiritshenko (1961: 443).
Diagnosis. Among the species of Plautia, this pentatomid is recognized by the following combination of characters: body 9.0–12.7 mm long; antennal segment III blackish at least in apical 1/3 (Fig. 12); antennal segment IV blackish in apical half (Fig. 12); punctures on disc of pronotum and scutellum blackish and strong, almost same in size and color as punctures on coria of fore wings (Fig. 14); lateral margins of pronotum blackish (Fig. 19); blackish line of lateral margin of pronotum complete (Fig. 19) (rarely irregularly interrupted, Figs. 20, 21); lateral lobe of crown of paramere widely extended laterad, with roundly and deeply concave edge (Fig. 43); conjunctival processes of endosoma expanded laterad, curved ventrad, constricted laterally in basal part (Figs. 48, 53, 58, 63); processes of vesica V-shaped in ventral view, semitrapezoidal in outline in posterior view (Figs. 53, 63); apical receptacle of spermatheca with 1 to 2 horn-shaped processes (Figs. 78, 79); sclerotized zone of intermediate part of spermatheca less than 1/5 as long as intermediate part (Figs. 78, 79).
Redescription of genitalia. Male. Genital capsule (Figs. 33, 38) approximately 2.8 times as wide at maximum as its basal width, a little shorter than its maximum width, roundly produced at posterior angles; ventral rim (Figs. 28, 33) widely concave, slightly sinuate in middle part; concavity of ventral rim approximately 1/8 as deep as its maximum width (Fig. 33); transverse ridge well developed, invisible in ventral view, with slightly concave dorsal margin in posterior view (Fig. 38); dorsal sclerites semicircular, with acute ventral angle (Fig. 38); inner margin of dorsal sclerite convex at around ventral angle (Fig. 38); dorsal sinus subpentagonal in posterior view (Fig. 38); paramere sockets subtriangular in posterior view (Fig. 38). Crown of paramere (Fig. 43) subpentagonal, narrowed in apical part, round at apex, covered with short to long, erect setae on lateral lobe; inner margin almost straight; distal margin roundly concave; proximal margin slightly sinuate; lateral lobe widely extended laterad, with rounded distal angle and angulated proximal angle; edge of lateral lobe roundly and deeply concave. Conjunctival processes of endosoma (Figs. 48, 53, 58, 63) large, well expanded laterad, curved ventrad, constricted laterally in basal part; apices of conjunctival processes weakly sclerotized (Figs. 53, 63). Vesica gently curved in lateral view, with distal margin of processes of vesica at slightly lower level (Fig. 58). Processes of vesica relatively small, Vshaped in ventral view (Fig. 53), round in lateral view (Fig. 58), semitrapezoidal in outline in posterior view (Fig. 63).
Female. Valvifer VIII generally yellowish green, becoming yellowish apicad (Fig. 68), covered with short to long setae along posterior and mesal margins, and with a few setae on disc (Fig. 73); apical angle a little more acute than right angle (Fig. 73). Spermatheca long; apical receptacle (Figs. 78, 79) spherical, with 1 to 2 horn-shaped processes; horn-shaped processes produced laterad of apical receptacle, abruptly curved basad, reaching or surpassing distal flange; intermediate part (Figs. 78, 79) nearly parallel-sided, approximately 3 times as long as its width at middle, with sclerotized zone apically; apical sclerotized zone of intermediate part less than 1/5 as long as intermediate part (Figs. 78, 79); distal flange as wide as proximal flange (Figs. 78, 79).
Type material examined. Syntype of Plautia stali Scott, 1874, ♂ (Fig. 7): “ Plautia Ståli, n. sp.”, “Type. Scott Coll. 88–11”, “Type”, “ ♂ ”, “ BMNH (E) 1255169”, deposited in BMNH.
Other material examined. In addition to the type specimen, 1,478 specimens (ELEU, ELKU, NIAES, NSMT, OMNH, TUA) were examined from the following localities: JAPAN: Hokkaido (including Teuri Is.), Honshu (Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Akita, Yamagata, Fukushima, Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Saitama, Chiba, Tokyo, Kanagawa, Niigata, Yamanashi, Nagano, Gifu, Shizuoka, Aichi, Mie, Shiga, Kyoto, Osaka, Hyogo, Nara, Wakayama, Tottori, Shimane, and Yamaguchi Prefectures), Shikoku (Tokushima, Kagawa, Ehime, and Kochi Prefectures), Kyushu (Fukuoka, Saga, Nagasaki, Kumamoto, Oita, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima Prefectures), Izu Islands (Izu-oshima Is., Kozu-shima Is., Miyake-jima Is., Mikura-jima Is., and Hachijo-jima Is.), Oki Islands, Tsushima Is., and the Ryukyu Islands (Tanega-shima Is., Yaku-shima Is., Nakano-shima Is., Takara-jima Is., Amami-oshima Is., Kikai-jima Is., Tokuno-shima Is., Yoron-to Is., Okinawa-jima Is., Kouri-jima Is., Iheya-jima Is., and Kume-jima Is.).
Distribution. Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, the Izu Islands, the Oki Islands, Tsushima Is., and the Ryukyu Islands (Okinawa-jima Is. and to the north)), Korea, China, Russian Far East, Hawaii. This species was previously thought to be distributed throughout Japan. However, the distribution of this species is here revised, ranging from Hokkaido to the Okinawa Islands. This revision was prompted by the recognition of the populations of the Sakishima Islands, the south-westernmost group of islands in the Ryukyu Islands, as a distinct species as mentioned below.
Remarks. Ever since Scott (1874) described Plautia stali from Japan as a new and distinct species, it has been treated as such for around 90 years. However, during this time P. stali was also considered by Miyamoto (1965, 1970) a variety of Plautia crossota (Dallas, 1851) or a subspecies of P. crossota, although no reasons for these suggestions were provided. Subsequent studies by Japanese authors have used both definitions of “ stali ”, defining it as infraspecific taxa (a variety or subspecies of P. crossota), including Miyamoto & Lee (1966), Miyamoto & Yasunaga (1989) and Yasunaga et al. (1993), and as a distinct species by Kawasawa & Kawamura (1975), Takai & Ishikawa (2012) and Ishikawa (2016). This issue was also discussed by Rider et al. (2002). Confusion about the use of “ stali ” has continued for over 50 years in Japan. Our careful examination of the external morphology of these species, including type specimens of P. stali and P. crossota, finally concluded that “ stali ” is not infraspecific but is a distinct species.
description: Published as part of Ishikawa, Tadashi & Moriya, Seiichi, 2019, A review of the stink bug genus Plautia Stål from Japan (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Pentatomidae), pp. 470-490 in Zootaxa 4564 (2) on pages 472-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/2589359