cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Data-driven equation for drug-membrane permeability across drugs and membranes
Creators: name: Dutta, Arghya
name: Vreeken, Jilles
name: Ghiringhelli, Luca M.
name: Bereau, Tristan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drug efficacy depends on its capacity to permeate across the cell membrane. We consider the prediction of passive drug-membrane permeability coefficients. Beyond the widely recognized correlation with hydrophobicity, we additionally consider the functional relationship between passive permeation and acidity. To discover easily interpretable equations that explain the data well, we use the recently proposed sure-independence screening and sparsifying operator (SISSO), an artificial-intelligence technique that combines symbolic regression with compressed sensing. Our study is based on a large in silico dataset of 0.4 million small molecules extracted from coarse-grained simulations. We rationalize the equation suggested by SISSO via an analysis of the inhomogeneous solubility-diffusion model in several asymptotic acidity regimes. We further extend our analysis to the dependence on lipid-membrane composition. Lipid-tail unsaturation plays a key role, but surprisingly contributes stepwise rather than proportionally. Our results are in line with previously observed changes in permeability, suggesting the distinction between liquid-disordered (Ld) and liquid-ordered (Lo) permeation. Together, compressed sensing with analytically derived asymptotes establish and validate an accurate, broadly applicable, and interpretable equation for passive permeability across both drug and lipid-tail chemistry.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
SNACK PEANUTS PURCHASE PATTERN: EFFECTS OF NUTRITIONAL CONSIDERATIONS AND HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS
Creators: name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
name: Rimal, Arbindra
name: Fletcher, Stanley M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This study examines the effect of a meal planner's nutritional awareness, exercise habits, and household socioeconomic characteristics on market participation and frequency of purchase of snack peanuts. Data are from a household survey of 2880 U.S. households collected by Gallup in 1997. Statistical tests showed that a double-hurdle or Cragg model best represented consumers' participation and purchase level decisions in the snack peanut market. The results indicated that meal planner's nutritional considerations while making food purchase decisions had little effect on the participation level decisions, but did affect purchase frequency of snack peanuts. Those household meal planners who were overly concerned about undesirable nutritional factors tended to decrease their purchase of snack peanuts. Promotion of snack peanuts on the basis of nutritional benefits through health professional and media is a useful tool to increase purchase frequency.
MEASURING INEFFICIENCY IN THE PRESENCE OF AN EXPORT TAX, AN IMPORT TARIFF, AND A STATE TRADING ENTERPRISE
Creators: name: Schmitz, Troy G.
name: Schmitz, Troy G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: export tax
subject: tariff
subject: agricultural policy
subject: Turkey
subject: cotton
subject: agricultural cooperatives
subject: welfare
subject: state trading enterprises

description: Agricultural sales cooperative unions (ASCUs) in Turkey are heavily influenced by both domestic and international government policies. Both export taxes and import tariffs are used as policy tools to regulate cotton markets. Domestic price support programs, water subsidies, fertilizer subsidies, and credit subsidies have also been used as domestic policy tools. These types of subsidies are not uncommon among developing countries. This paper provides empirical estimates of the degree of economic inefficiency associated with government intervention in Turkish cotton markets. A two-region partial equilibrium model of cotton exports and imports is developed under the "small country assumption" to obtain empirical estimates of the deadweight welfare loss associated with these government subsidies. Although government intervention results in significant income distribution among the various cotton sectors within Turkey, the overall economic inefficiency of the redistribution is very low.
A categorification of finite-dimensional irreducible representations of quantum sl(2) and their tensor products
Creators: name: Frenkel, Igor
name: Khovanov, Mikhail
name: Stroppel, Catharina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20G42, 17B10, 14M15, 16G10

description: The purpose of this paper is to study categorifications of tensor products of finite dimensional modules for the quantum group for sl(2). The main categorification is obtained using certain Harish-Chandra bimodules for the complex Lie algebra gl(n). For the special case of simple modules we naturally deduce a categorification via modules over the cohomology ring of certain flag varieties. Further geometric categorifications and the relation to Steinberg varieties are discussed. We also give a categorical version of the quantised Schur-Weyl duality and an interpretation of the (dual) canonical bases and the (dual) standard bases in terms of projective, tilting, standard and simple Harish-Chandra bimodules.
Feasibility of security assessment in power systems using full time-domain solutions in the EMTP
Creators: name: Lukic, Mazana
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Security assessment is one of the key functions in planning and operation of power systems. It has become especially important as power systems are now operating under more stressed conditions due to increase in load, lack of initiative for developing the transmission network, and uncertainties in power transfer schedules brought by deregulation. Static security assessment uses well established tools for power system analysis. However, increased complexity of the system and its operation close to the operating limits has brought the attention to the forms of instability that fail to be recognized by static tools. Therefore dynamic security assessment is becoming an increasingly important area of research. In this work the Electromagnetic Transients Program (EMTP), traditionally used for analysis of fast transients, has been considered as a tool for dynamic security analysis. The classical generator model and exponential load model have been coded in the C++ programming language and adapted for full time-domain simulations in the EMTP. The Dynamic Data Exchange facility in the Microsoft Windows operating system environment is used to enable on-line switches manipulation and a user interface is developed for simulation monitoring. The proposed models were tested for different systems and compared with the results from the literature obtained by conventional stability programs. The results presented in this work show that the proposed models are applicable for stability analysis using full time-domain solution in the EMTP. Emphasis is made on the validity of the classical generator model restricted to the first second after initiating a disturbance. User interaction with the running simulation is made possible through switches manipulation and visual monitoring that makes the EMTP more suitable for stability type of analysis. The EMTP was successfully tested for simulation of a large power system with 3600 buses.
Exact Higher-order Bulk-boundary Correspondence of Corner-localized States
Creators: name: Jung, Minwoo
name: Yu, Yang
name: Shvets, Gennady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate that the presence of a localized state at the corner of an insulating domain is not always a predictor of a certain non-trivial higher-order topological invariant, even though they appear to co-exist in the same Hamiltonian parameter space. Our analysis of $C^n$-symmetric crystalline insulators and their multi-layer stacks reveals that topological corner states are not necessarily correlated with other well-established higher-order boundary observables, such as fractional corner charge or filling anomaly. In a $C^3$-symmetric breathing Kagome lattice, for example, we show that the bulk polarization, which successfully predicts the fractional corner anomaly, fails to be the relevant topological invariant for zero-energy corner states; instead, these corner states can be exactly explained by the decoration of topological edges. Also, while the zero-energy corner states in $C^4$-symmetric topological crystalline insulators have long been conjectured to be the result of the bulk polarization at quarter-filling, we correct this misconception by introducing a proper bulk invariant at half-filling and establishing a precise bulk-corner correspondence. By refining several bulk-corner correspondences in two-dimensional topological crystalline insulators, our work motivates further development of rigorous theoretical grounds for associating the existence of corner states with higher-order topology of host materials.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures, lastly re-uploaded on 4/6/21
Modularity Improvements with Aspect-Oriented Programming
Creators: name: Marques, Fernando Sérgio Bryton Dias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: aspect-oriented programming (AOP)
subject: PIMETRICS
subject: PIFACTORS
subject: AspectJ
subject: Meta-Model Driven Measurement (M2DM)
subject: design patterns
subject: https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering/topics

description: Aspect-Oriented Programming is a topic of growing interest, since its presentation in 1997, and significant modularity improvement has, since then, been claimed as one of its main benefits, both by researchers and practitioners.
 The importance of modularity for maintenance and reuse which, consequently, are crucial for software development time and costs, emphasizes this programming paradigm, and strongly suggests its adoption by academia and industry. However, most of the claims on those benefits are, so far, qualitative, and only a small subset of them has quantitative grounds; therefore, any decision regarding where to adopt or not this paradigm is not yet sufficiently grounded.
 This dissertation presents a modularity quantitative evaluation of the Gang-of-Four Design Patterns functionally equivalent implementations, in Java and AspectJ, by Hannemann and Kiczales and, within this context, draws conclusions about the modularity improvements obtained with Aspect-Oriented Programming, which are expected to contribute to decisions on where this paradigm should or not be adopted. This evaluation is made with the Paradigm Independent Metrics (PIMETRICS), defined according to the Meta-Model Driven Measurement (M2DM) technique, and grounded at the Paradigm Independent Meta-model (PIMETA) which implements the Paradigm Independent Modularity Factors (PIFACTORS).

description: MSc thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science (Mestrado em Informática)
LAGS IN REAL PROPERTY REVALUATIONS AND ESTIMATES OF SHORTFALLS IN PROPERTY TAX COLLECTIONS IN NORTH CAROLINA
Creators: name: Walden, Michael L.
name: Denaux, Zulal Sogutlu
name: Walden, Michael L.
name: Denaux, Zulal Sogutlu
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Public Economics
subject: local public finance
subject: property taxation
subject: real property revaluation

description: Financing local public goods is a major issue in many communities, especially those that have experienced rapid growth. This paper analyzes problems associated with locally collected real property taxes where the real property tax base is only revaluated at long time intervals. Using counties in North Carolina as the subject of the analysis, we find that effective real property tax rates fall between revaluations. We calculate that a system of taxing market values of real property at a constant legislated tax rate would have yielded additional annual revenues of $320 million for North Carolina counties over 1980 to 1995.
VARIABLE RATE NITROGEN APPLICATION ON CORN FIELDS: THE ROLE OF SPATIAL VARIABILITY AND WEATHER
Creators: name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Mahajanashetti, S.B.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Tyler, Donald D.
name: Roberts, Roland K.
name: Mahajanashetti, S.B.
name: English, Burton C.
name: Larson, James A.
name: Tyler, Donald D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Corn
subject: environment
subject: meta-response functions
subject: nitrogen restriction
subject: precision farming
subject: site-specific management
subject: spatial variability
subject: weather variability

description: Meta-response functions for corn yields and nitrogen losses were estimated from EPIC-generated data for three soil types and three weather scenarios. These metamodels were used to evaluate variable rate (VRT) versus uniform rate (URT) nitrogen application technologies for alternative weather scenarios and policy option. Except under very dry conditions, returns per acre for VRT were higher than for URT and the economic advantage of VRT increased as realized rainfall decreased from expected average rainfall. Nitrogen losses to the environment from VRT were lower for all situation examined, except on fields with little spatial variability.
On the form of growing strings
Creators: name: Marenduzzo, D.
name: Hoang, T. X.
name: Seno, F.
name: Vendruscolo, M.
name: Maritan, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Patterns and forms adopted by Nature, such as the shape of living cells, the geometry of shells and the branched structure of plants, are often the result of simple dynamical paradigms. Here we show that a growing self-interacting string attached to a tracking origin, modeled to resemble nascent polypeptides in vivo, develops helical structures which are more pronounced at the growing end. We also show that the dynamic growth ensemble shares several features of an equilibrium ensemble in which the growing end of the polymer is under an effective stretching force. A statistical analysis of native states of proteins shows that the signature of this non-equilibrium phenomenon has been fixed by evolution at the C-terminus, the growing end of a nascent protein. These findings suggest that a generic non-equilibrium growth process might have provided an additional evolutionary advantage for nascent proteins by favoring the preferential selection of helical structures.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
Co-Design of Embodied Intelligence: A Structured Approach
Creators: name: Zardini, Gioele
name: Milojevic, Dejan
name: Censi, Andrea
name: Frazzoli, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We consider the problem of co-designing embodied intelligence as a whole in a structured way, from hardware components such as propulsion systems and sensors to software modules such as control and perception pipelines. We propose a principled approach to formulate and solve complex embodied intelligence co-design problems, leveraging a monotone co-design theory. The methods we propose are intuitive and integrate heterogeneous engineering disciplines, allowing analytical and simulation-based modeling techniques and enabling interdisciplinarity. We illustrate through a case study how, given a set of desired behaviors, our framework is able to compute Pareto efficient solutions for the entire hardware and software stack of a self-driving vehicle.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures, To appear in the Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems
THE IMPACT OF HACCP ON COSTS AND PRODUCT EXIT
Creators: name: Hooker, Neal H.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Siebert, John W.
name: Hooker, Neal H.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Siebert, John W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: HACCP
subject: economies of scale
subject: firm and product exit
subject: food safety strategies
subject: meat processing

description: Detailed information on firm level food safety costs is reported. Survey data for small and very small meat processors are modeled. Economies of scale in implementing Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems are investigated. Results indicate that even after controlling for scale, ver small plants incur higher compliance costs. Diseconomies of scope are assessed using the probability and number of products discontinued due to HACCP. Such "partial exit" is positively related to the current range of items produced and the need for facility modification. However, no evidence is found for higher levels of partial exit in very small plants.
Limitations in the Support to Modularity in MATLAB: a Survey-based Empirical Study
Creators: name: Duarte, Katia Isabelle Palmar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: MATLAB
subject: Software Engineering
subject: modularity
subject: unmodularized concerns
subject: code tangling
subject: surveys
subject: empirical study
subject: https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering/topics

description: This research compares modularity mechanisms provided in MATLAB with those of a mainstream programming language (Java) and describes the results of a survey-based study on the opinion of the MATLAB community about the limitations to the support of modularity provided by that language and its consequences in the light of Software Engineering theory. Social networks and email were used to broadcast the questionnaire to potential participants. Four research questions were set at the start of the study, which originated eight hypotheses. Topics covered include MATLAB developers’ relationship with code tangling, code duplication avoidance, modularity, code maintainability and code structure. We analyzed if the opinions on those issues were different on industry and academia. Main results are as follows. Developers are aware of code tangling in MATLAB software and care about it. They tend not to use the sole available tool to help them visualize code structure but would like to have one. Developers from both industry and academia feel the same way about MATLAB code maintainability and code duplication avoidance. Internal validity of the used research instrument was guaranteed, doubtful responses were discarded, and results are statistically significant. However, external validity (generalization) of results cannot be claimed due to the sample size and its questionable representativeness.
description: MSc thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science (Mestrado em Informática)
Heavy Quark Interactions in Finite Temperature QCD
Creators: name: Digal, S.
name: Kaczmarek, O.
name: Karsch, F.
name: Satz, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the free energy of a heavy quark-antiquark pair in a thermal medium. We constuct a simple ansatz for the free energy for two quark flavors motivated by the Debye-Hückel theory of screening.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, contribution to the proceedings of the International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic Probes of High Energy Nuclear Collisions, Ericeira, Portugal, Nov. 4-10, 2004
Unsupervised discovery of interpretable hyperelastic constitutive laws
Creators: name: Flaschel, Moritz
name: Kumar, Siddhant
name: De Lorenzis, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a new approach for data-driven automated discovery of isotropic hyperelastic constitutive laws. The approach is unsupervised, i.e., it requires no stress data but only displacement and global force data, which are realistically available through mechanical testing and digital image correlation techniques; it delivers interpretable models, i.e., models that are embodied by parsimonious mathematical expressions discovered through sparse regression of a large catalogue of candidate functions; it is one-shot, i.e., discovery only needs one experiment - but can use more if available. The problem of unsupervised discovery is solved by enforcing equilibrium constraints in the bulk and at the loaded boundary of the domain. Sparsity of the solution is achieved by l_p regularization combined with thresholding, which calls for a non-linear optimization scheme. The ensuing fully automated algorithm leverages physics-based constraints for the automatic determination of the penalty parameter in the regularization term. Using numerically generated data including artificial noise, we demonstrate the ability of the approach to accurately discover five hyperelastic models of different complexity. We also show that, if a "true" feature is missing in the function library, the proposed approach is able to surrogate it in such a way that the actual response is still accurately predicted.
IMPACTS OF THE ADOPTION OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROPS ON FARM FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
Creators: name: McBride, William D.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
name: McBride, William D.
name: El-Osta, Hisham S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Bt
subject: corn
subject: farm financial performance
subject: genetically engineered crops
subject: herbicide-tolerant
subject: soybeans
subject: technology adoption

description: The rapid adoption of genetically engineered (GE) crops by U.S. farmers suggests that these technologies have been perceived to improve farm financial performance. This study develops and applies an econometric model to data from corn and soybean producers in order to evaluate the financial impacts of the adoption of GE crops. Results indicate that the adoption of GE crops has had a limited impact on financial performance that varies by crop, type of technology, type of farm, and region of the nation. Factors other than the financial impacts appear to be important reasons for the rapid adoption of GE crops.
Formal Definition of Object-Oriented Design Metrics
Creators: name: Baroni, Aline Lúcia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: software measurement
subject: design metrics
subject: object-oriented metrics
subject: metamodel
subject: formalization
subject: https://www.computer.org/education/bodies-of-knowledge/software-engineering/topics

description: Software measurement has become essential to good Software Engineering. However, most published works on software engineering concentrate on the coding activity. As quality indicators and predictors of structural problems, metrics should be available as early as possible in the software life cycle, and not dependant on source code availability.
 This thesis intends to assist object-oriented software measurement, improving its use among software designers. For achieving this goal, the FLAME - a Formal Library for Aiding Metrics Extraction - is built with The Object Constraint Language (OCL), a part of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) standard. Based upon OCL, object-oriented design metrics definitions are formalized on a compositional way.
 The definition of each metric is done upon the UML meta-model, at different levels of abstraction, including the meta-classes Package, Model Element, Generalizable Element, Classifier, Feature, Operation and Attribute.
 The combination of the UML meta-model and OCL allows unambiguous metrics definition, which in turn helps increasing tool support for object-oriented metrics extraction.
 The outcome is an elegant, precise and straightforward way to define metrics that may help to overcome several current problems. Besides, it is a natural approach since we are using the object technology to define metrics on the object technology itself.
 The formalization renders possible the comparisons among different sets of metrics, as well as it may be used to establish a common vocabulary among different stakeholders. As consequence, our efforts contribute to the overall quality of the Software Engineering product and process.
description: MSc thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science, in the scope of the EMOOSE MSc Program.
RELATIVE IMPORTANCE RANKINGS FOR PORK ATTRIBUTES BY ASIAN-ORIGIN CONSUMERS IN CALIFORNIA: APPLYING AN ORDERED PROBIT MODEL TO A CHOICE-BASED SAMPLE
Creators: name: Chen, Kevin Z.
name: Ali, Murad
name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Unterschultz, James R.
name: Le, Theresa
name: Chen, Kevin Z.
name: Ali, Murad
name: Veeman, Michele M.
name: Unterschultz, James R.
name: Le, Theresa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: This paper reports on a study examining the ranking of selected attributes of fresh pork by Asian-origin consumers in San Francisco, California. Freshness is ranked as the most important attribute, followed by the attributes of the color of meat, lowness in fat, and the whiteness of fat. The attributes of price, freedom from chemicals, and being USDA labelled were also ranked to be of importance. Empirical results from an ordered probit model, postulated to explain respondents' importance rankings of attributes, suggested that particular demographic and socio-economic characteristics of Asian-origin consumers influenced the importance rankings of selected pork attributes. The findings suggest that Asian-origin consumers should not be treated as a single homogeneous niche group in marketing, since there are identifiable sub-groups of these consumers with specific attitudes and preferences.
MAQUILADORAS AND MARKET MAMAS: WOMEN'S WORK AND CHILDCARE IN GUATEMALA CITY AND ACCRA
Creators: name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Hallman, Kelly K.
name: Ruel, Marie T.
name: Quisumbing, Agnes R.
name: Hallman, Kelly K.
name: Ruel, Marie T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This study analyzes work, childcare arrangements, and earnings of mothers in the poor neighborhoods of Guatemala City and Greater Accra, Ghana, two urban areas where formal-and informal-sector work differ in importance. Unlike previous studies on childcare that take mother’s work status as given, this paper treats childcare choice and labor force participation of women as joint decisions. Our empirical results indicate that participation in the labor market and use of formal day care are, in fact, jointly determined. In both Guatemala and Accra, life cycle and household demographic factors, notably child age, appear to have important effects on both decisions. In both cities, higher household wealth reduces the mothers’ chances of working, presumably via an income effect. Controlling for endogeneity of labor market participation and formal day-care use, in Guatemala, day-care prices do not have significant impacts on earnings; neither does the number of day-care centers within a 10-minute walk affect earnings in Accra. In Guatemala, maternal education does not affect either the demand for formal care or the decision to work. In Guatemala, greater travel time from home to the day-care center reduces utilization of this type of care, but a larger supply of day-care centers in the community does not affect use of formal care in Accra. The lack of importance of formal day-care supply variables in Accra—compared to the effect of some variables such as travel time to day-care centers in Guatemala—suggests that provision of formal day care may not be as critical an intervention to increase mothers’ labor force participation rates in cities where the informal sector dominates, such as in Accra. In more urbanized settings like Guatemala City, where the formal sector generates a higher proportion of jobs for women, formal day care is more important to mothers’ decision to work.
Loops of any size and Hamilton cycles in random scale-free networks
Creators: name: Bianconi, Ginestra
name: Marsili, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loops are subgraphs responsible for the multiplicity of paths going from one to another generic node in a given network. In this paper we present an analytic approach for the evaluation of the average number of loops in random scale-free networks valid at fixed number of nodes N and for any length L of the loops. We bring evidence that the most frequent loop size in a scale-free network of N nodes is of the order of N like in random regular graphs while small loops are more frequent when the second moment of the degree distribution diverges. In particular, we find that finite loops of sizes larger than a critical one almost surely pass from any node, thus casting some doubts on the validity of the random tree approximation for the solution of lattice models on these graphs. Moreover we show that Hamiltonian cycles are rare in random scale-free networks and may fail to appear if the power-law exponent of the degree distribution is close to 2 even for minimal connectivity grater than 3.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, minor changes
title: The potential impact of autonomous passenger ferry services on urban mobility
Creators: name: Weidt, Emily Johanna Louise
Year: 2023

description: Trotz des Bedarfs an Brücken und Tunneln in Städten, die an Flüssen oder in Küstengebieten liegen, schränken hohe Baukosten und begrenzter Raum oft die Möglichkeiten zur Überquerung von Wasserwegen in vielen Regionen ein. Mit wachsender Urbanisierung wird die Integration von Wasserstraßen in die städtische Infrastruktur aber unerlässlich, um die Mobilität effizient zu verbessern und Wasserwege als potenzielle Vorteile anstelle von Hindernissen zu betrachten. Diese Arbeit untersucht autonome Fährsysteme als innovative Lösungen für die Überquerung von Wasserstraßen und die damit verbundene Verkürzung von Routen. Neben einer umfassenden Literaturübersicht zielt die Arbeit darauf ab, einen Forschungsansatz für die Bewertung des Potenzials autonomer Fährsysteme bereitzustellen, indem eine wiederverwendbare Python-Anwendung vorgestellt wird. Diese Anwendung umfasst die Generierung fiktiver Fahrgastanfragen und das anschließende Routing von Fähren innerhalb des Systems, sodass Passagieranfragen so effektiv wie möglich erfüllt werden können, insbesondere im Vergleich zu Routen mit herkömmlichen Flussüberquerungen. Das zugrunde liegende Optimierungsmodell entspricht einer angepassten Version des Dial-A-Ride-Problems mit Strafkosten und wird anhand einer Fallstudie unter verschiedenen Konfigurationen untersucht.
description: Numerous cities are situated in coastal areas or along rivers. Despite the demand for bridges and tunnels that arises from this geographical layout, high construction costs and limited space constrain the options for crossing waterways in many regions. The continuously growing urbanization makes integrating waterways into city infrastructure crucial for efficient mobility, viewing them as potential assets rather than obstacles. This thesis explores autonomous ferry systems as innovative solutions for crossing waterways and reducing route distances. Beyond a comprehensive literature review, this work seeks to propose a research approach for evaluating the potential of autonomous ferry systems by introducing a re-usable Python application to facilitate a ferry service. This application encompasses the generation of fictional passenger requests and the subsequent routing of ferries within the system to meet all demands as effective as possible compared to routes entailing conventional river crossings. The underlying optimization model corresponds to an adapted version of the Dial-A-Ride Problem with Penalty Costs. It is investigated by a case study involving various configurations.
Wave-particle duality and the objectiveness of "true" and "false"
Creators: name: Bolotin, Arkady
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The traditional analysis of the basic version of the double-slit experiment leads to the conclusion that wave-particle duality is a fundamental fact of nature. However, such a conclusion means to imply that we are not only required to have two contradictory pictures of reality but also compelled to abandon the objectiveness of the truth values, "true" and "false". Yet, even if we could accept wave-like behavior of quantum particles as the best explanation for the build-up of an interference pattern in the double-slit experiment, without the objectivity of the truth values we would never have certainty regarding any statement about the world. The present paper discusses ways to reconcile the correct description of the double-slit experiment with the objectiveness of "true" and "false".
description: This is a preprint of an article published in Foundations of Physics. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10701-021-00478-1
Sparse generative modeling via parameter-reduction of Boltzmann machines: application to protein-sequence families
Creators: name: Barrat-Charlaix, Pierre
name: Muntoni, Anna Paola
name: Shimagaki, Kai
name: Weigt, Martin
name: Zamponi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Boltzmann machines (BM) are widely used as generative models. For example, pairwise Potts models (PM), which are instances of the BM class, provide accurate statistical models of families of evolutionarily related protein sequences. Their parameters are the local fields, which describe site-specific patterns of amino-acid conservation, and the two-site couplings, which mirror the coevolution between pairs of sites. This coevolution reflects structural and functional constraints acting on protein sequences during evolution. The most conservative choice to describe the coevolution signal is to include all possible two-site couplings into the PM. This choice, typical of what is known as Direct Coupling Analysis, has been successful for predicting residue contacts in the three-dimensional structure, mutational effects, and in generating new functional sequences. However, the resulting PM suffers from important over-fitting effects: many couplings are small, noisy and hardly interpretable; the PM is close to a critical point, meaning that it is highly sensitive to small parameter perturbations. In this work, we introduce a general parameter-reduction procedure for BMs, via a controlled iterative decimation of the less statistically significant couplings, identified by an information-based criterion that selects either weak or statistically unsupported couplings. For several protein families, our procedure allows one to remove more than $90\%$ of the PM couplings, while preserving the predictive and generative properties of the original dense PM, and the resulting model is far away from criticality, hence more robust to noise.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, plus Appendix
WHAT CAN FOOD POLICY DO TO REDIRECT THE DIET TRANSITION?
Creators: name: Haddad, Lawrence James
name: Haddad, Lawrence James
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The dietary transition in the developing world is accelerating toward an increased burden of chronic disease. It is increasing human mortality and disease burdens, and it is lowering economic productivity. The dietary transition is driven by changing preferences fueled by growing incomes, changing relative prices, urbanization, and food technology and distribution systems. This paper identifies policy options from the food supply and demand sides that can influence the transition toward increasingly healthy outcomes. These options have had mixed success in industrialized countries, and the policy tradeoffs in the developing world will be even more complicated. Additional technical research is needed to assess competing risks and help develop policy options. There is also a need for research to engage different actors in the policymaking process. In a debate in which much is at stake, there is a potentially powerful role for researchers to bring these actors to the table. In the end, this may help improve the decision-making processes underlying food policies that aim to redirect the diet transition toward healthier outcomes.
DISTRIBUTION, GROWTH AND PERFORMANCE OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS IN AFRICA, ASIA AND LATIN AMERICA
Creators: name: Lapenu, Cecile
name: Zeller, Manfred
name: Lapenu, Cecile
name: Zeller, Manfred
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Financial Economics

description: How many microfinance institutions (MFIs) exist in the developing world? What are their current performances? In 1999, an International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) team on microfinance conducted a survey on MFIs in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in order to offer a new in-depth analysis on the distribution and performances of MFIs at the international level. A systematic sampling has been adopted through the contacting of international NGOs and networks supporting various MFIs. The information has been complemented by a review of publications and technical manuals on microfinance. The database of MFIs from 85 developing countries shows 1,500 institutions (790 institutions worldwide plus 688 in Indonesia) supported by international organizations. They reach 54 million members, 44 million savers (voluntary and compulsory savings), and 23 million borrowers. The total volume of outstanding credit is $18 billion. The total savings volume is $12 billion, or 72 percent of the volume of the outstanding loans. MFIs have developed at least 46,000 branches and employ around 175,000 staff. The IFPRI database underlines the presence of a multitude of MFIs that, except in unstable countries, are widespread, with no forgotten regions. MFIs are very diverse in terms of lending technologies and legal status, which allows room for innovation, but they remain highly concentrated. The data are analyzed by type of MFIs and by geographic regions. The results presented give an overview of the current development of MFIs and offer a benchmark for comparisons.
The Lack of Structural and Dynamical Evolution of Elliptical Galaxies since z ~ 1.5: Clues from Self-Consistent Hydrodynamical Simulations
Creators: name: Domínguez-Tenreiro, R.
name: Oñorbe, J.
name: Sáiz, A.
name: Artal, H.
name: Serna, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of a study on the evolution of the parameters characterizing the structure and dynamics of the relaxed elliptical-like objects (ELOs) identified at z=0, z=1 and z=1.5 in a set of hydrodynamical, self-consistent simulations operating in the context of a concordance cosmological model. The values of the stellar mass, the stellar half-mass radius and the stellar mean-square velocity have been measured in each ELO and found to populate, at any z, a flattened ellipsoid close to a plane (the dynamical plane, DP). Our simulations indicate that, at the intermediate zs considered, individual ELOs evolve, increasing the values of these parameters as a consequence of on-going mass assembly, but, nevertheless, their DP is roughly preserved within its scatter, in agreement with observations of the Fundamental Plane of ellipticals at different zs. We briefly discuss how this lack of significant dynamical and structural evolution in ELO samples arises, in terms of the two different phases operating in the mass aggregation history of their dark matter halos. According with our simulations, most dissipation involved in ELO formation takes place at the early violent phase, causing the stellar mass, the stellar half-mass radius and the stellar mean-square velocity parameters to settle down to the DP, and, moreover, the transformation of most of the available gas into stars. In the subsequent slow phase, ELO stellar mass growth preferentially occurs through non-dissipative processes, so that the DP is preserved and the ELO star formation rate considerably decreases. These results hint, for the first time, to a possible way of explaining, in the context of cosmological simulations, different apparently paradoxical observational results on ellipticals.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure. Minor changes to match the published version
Plasma-photon interaction in curved spacetime I: formalism and quasibound states around nonspinning black holes
Creators: name: Cannizzaro, Enrico
name: Caputo, Andrea
name: Sberna, Laura
name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the linear dynamics of an electromagnetic field propagating in curved spacetime in the presence of plasma. The dynamical equations are generically more involved and richer than the effective Proca equation adopted as a model in previous work. We discuss the general equations and focus on the case of a cold plasma in the background of a spherically-symmetric black hole, showing that the system admits plasma-driven, quasibound electromagnetic states that are prone to become superradiantly unstable when the black hole rotates. The quasibound states are different from those of the Proca equation and have some similarities with the case of a massive scalar field, suggesting that the linear instability can be strongly suppressed compared to previous estimates. Our framework provides the first step towards a full understanding of the plasma-photon interactions around astrophysical black holes.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures. Matches the published version
ARE THE WELFARE LOSSES FROM IMPERFECT TARGETING IMPORTANT?
Creators: name: Skoufias, Emmanuel
name: Coady, David P.
name: Skoufias, Emmanuel
name: Coady, David P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: Food Security and Poverty

description: We evaluate the size of the welfare losses from using alternative “imperfect” welfare indicators as substitutes for the conventionally preferred consumption indicator. We find that whereas the undercoverage and leakage welfare indices always suggest substantial losses, and the poverty indices suggest substantial losses for the worst performing indices, our preferred welfare index based on standard welfare theory suggests much smaller welfare losses. We also find that we cannot reject the hypothesis that the welfare losses associated with using the better performing alternative indicators are zero. In the case of our preferred welfare index, this reflects the fact that most of the targeting errors, i.e., exclusion and inclusion errors, are highly concentrated around the poverty line so that the differences in welfare weights between those receiving and not receiving the transfers are insufficient to make a difference to the overall welfare impact. Our results appear to be robust to the aversion to inequality assumed, as well as across the various welfare indices.
GRAMMATIK MA'NO
Creators: name: Ziyamova, Shahlo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Ushbu maqola o‘zbek tilidagi ayrim so‘zlarda leksik ma’noning grammatik ma’noga o‘tishi, leksik va grammatik ma’noning farqlari, ularning o‘zaro munosabati kabi masalalarni o‘rganadi. Tadqiqotda leksikologiya va grammatika, leksik va grammatik ma’nolarni tushunib olish, bu masalar bo‘yicha maxsus treninglar tashkil etish uchun ahamiyatlidir. Shuningdek, leksikologiya va morfologiyani bog‘lab o‘qitishda samaralidir.
title: Sulphur distribution between molten iron and CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 slags containing ferrous oxide
Creators: name: Venkatadri, A. S
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1965
Subjects: subject: Materials science.

description: Although true lime activity values are available from gas/slag sulphur partition in lime-alumina, lime-silica and, to a certain extent lime-alumina-silica melts saturated with calcium sulphide, no attempt has been made to assess true lime activity by slag/metal equilibrium studies on sulphur partition. The first aim of the present investigation was, therefore, to assess the true lime activity in calcium sulphide saturated melts making use of calcium sulphide crucibles whereby the activity of calcium sulphide Can be taken as unity simplifying the problem. Calcium sulphide Crucibles have been slip-cast successfully for this purpose using absolute ethanol, but it is unfortunate that this project met with little success owing to the poor performance of these crucibles during melts. In the second part of this work, attention was therefore focused on Fe0 and magnesia crucibles were used. Using these crucibles, the following conclusions have been reached on slag/Metal sulphur partition between lime-alumina, lime-alumina-silica or to a certain extent, lime-silica melts containing magnesia and ferrous oxide, and pure molten iron at 1550