cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Non-perturbative method to compute thermal correlations in one-dimensional systems
Creators: name: Beck, Stefan
name: Mazets, Igor E.
name: Schweigler, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a highly efficient method to numerically simulate thermal fluctuations and correlations in non-relativistic continuous bosonic one-dimensional systems. The method is suitable for arbitrary local interactions as long as the system remains dynamically stable. We start by proving the equivalence of describing the systems through the transfer matrix formalism and a Fokker-Planck equation for a distribution evolving in space. The Fokker-Planck equation is known to be equivalent to a stochastic differential (Itō) equation. The latter is very suitable for computer simulations, allowing the calculation of any desired correlation function. As an illustration, we apply our method to the case of two tunnel-coupled quasi-condensates of bosonic atoms. The results are compared to the predictions of the sine-Gordon model for which we develop analytic expressions directly from the transfer matrix formalism.
description: Version that was accepted by Phys. Rev. A. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1712.01190
NMSSM with generalized deflected mirage mediation
Creators: name: Du, Xiao Kang
name: Liu, Guo-Li
name: Wang, Fei
name: Wang, Wenyu
name: Yang, Jin Min
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to generate a realistic soft SUSY breaking spectrum for Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) with a generalized deflected mirage mediation scenario, in which additional Yukawa and gauge mediation contributions are included to deflect the renormalization group equation(RGE) trajectory. Based on the Wilsonian effective action obtained by integrating out the messengers, the NMSSM soft SUSY breaking spectrum can be given analytically at the messenger scale. We find that additional contributions to $m_S^2$ can possibly ameliorate the stringent constraints from the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) and 125 GeV Higgs mass. Constraints from dark matter and fine-tuning are also discussed. The Barbieri-Giudice fine-tuning measure and electroweak fine-tuning measure in our scenario can be as low as ${\cal O}(1)$, which possibly indicates that our scenario is natural.
description: Published version, minor changes; 28 pages, 6 figures
title: AN, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000774
Creators: name: Claustre, Julie
name: Nationales, Archives
name: Archives Nationales
name: Claustre, Julie
name: ArchivesNationales/J.CLAUSTRE/H.REGAZZI/2020
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: Châtelet
subject: registre

description: Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Archives Nationales, Y5266. Numérisation en mode image.
description: Bibliographic citation: Archives Nationales, Registre des écrous du Châtelet, Y5266, f. p1000774
Hot and Cold Topography: Volcanic Processes on Venus and Airy Isostasy in Icy Shells of Ocean Worlds
Creators: name: Tucker, Wesley Sebastian
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Geologic activity, largely driven by outward movement of internal thermal energy, forms an intricate link between the characteristics of a planetary body’s surface and its internal dynamics. This work explores this relationship using a range of proven methodologies. In the first project, I investigate lava flows associated with two quasicircular volcano-tectonic features on Venus, known as coronae. Despite the ongoing debates over their formation mechanism and the difficulty geophysical models face in reproducing these features, my research offers new insights into their formation. Through geospatial analysis of synthetic aperture radar and altimetry data, I quantify the alterations in the topographic orientation since the emplacement of lava flows. My findings reveal significant changes in topographic orientation resulting from shifting magma sources. Expanding on this work, the second project involves a global survey of coronae on Venus, particularly focusing on those with lava flows within their fracture annulus that diverge from the downhill direction. The spatial distribution of these unique coronae offers insights into whether flow divergence is a widespread phenomenon, exclusive to a specific region, or randomly found throughout the coronae population. Utilizing spherical harmonic analysis, I compare the spectral power of divergent coronae with that of the entire coronae dataset, and the distribution of coronae to a comprehensive catalogue of volcanoes and topography. I find that the phenomenon of lava flow divergence is not regional but is nonrandom, and it follows the same distribution as the full corona population. Furthermore, I find that coronae and volcanoes share the same characteristics in their long-wavelength distribution. This comparison further emphasizes the volcanic nature of coronae, supporting the conclusions drawn from the first project. In the final project, I explore the ability of icy shells to support topography via Airy isostasy. Buoyant support of topography is often assumed to be the prevailing mechanism in icy shells of ocean worlds across the entire spectrum of wavelengths. I simulate the evolution of topography from short to hemispheric wavelengths over geologic time scales. I find that buoyant support is only applicable for topography at the longest wavelengths. The nuanced relationship between buoyant support and topography involves contributions from lithospheric strength and channelized flow that need to be considered when estimating shell thickness at regional and local scales.
Ammonia emission prediction for dairy cattle housing from reaction kinetic modeling to the barn scale
Creators: name: Hempel, Sabrina
name: Ouatahar, Latifa
name: Janke, David
name: Doumbia, E. Moustapha
name: Willink, Dilya
name: Amon, Barbara
name: Bannink, André
name: Amon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dairy cattle
subject: Ammonia
subject: Process modeling
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: One way to estimate ammonia emission rates from naturally ventilated housing systems is to scale-up mechanistic modeling results. However, obtaining the relevant data to set initial and boundary conditions adequately is usually very challenging and for a whole barn barely possible. This study has investigated the potential of coupling different mechanistic modeling approaches towards an overarching barn scale ammonia emission model, which might permit ammonia emission projections for naturally ventilated housing systems with minimal measurement efforts. To this end, we combined an ammonia volatilization model for shallow urine or slurry puddles with a dynamic mechanistic model of digestion and excretion of nitrogen, an empirical model to estimate urination volumes, semi-empirical models for pH and temperature dynamics of the puddles and a mechanistic air flow model. The ammonia volatilization model was integrated with a time step of one second over a period of twenty-four hours, while the relevant boundary conditions were updated on an hourly base (determined by the other mentioned submodels). Projections and uncertainties of the approach were investigated for a farm case with about ten months of on-farm measurements in a naturally ventilated dairy cattle building with scraped solid floor in Northern Germany. The results showed that the nested model was in general capable to reproduce the long-term emission trend and variability, while the short-term variability was damped compared with the emission measurements. A sensitivity study indicated that particularly a refinement of the submodules for urine puddle alkalizing, urination volume and urea concentration distributions as well as for local near-surface wind speeds have a great potential to further improve the overall model accuracy. The cleaning efficiency of the scraper has turned out to be a crucial and sensitive parameter in the modeling, which so far has been described insufficiently by measurements or modeling approaches.
Retrieval and Feedback Models for Blog Distillation
Creators: name: Elsas, Jonathan
name: Arguello, Jaime
name: Callan, Jamie
name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents our system and results for the Feed Distillation task in the Blog track at TREC 2007. Our experiments focus on two dimensions of the task: (1) a large-document model (feed retrieval) vs. a small-document model (entry or post retrieval) and (2) a novel query expansion method using the link structure and link text found within Wikipedia.
Resource-Based Programming in Plaid
Creators: name: Aldrich, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many modern programming challenges center on the correct handling of abstract resources whose use is constrained in some way. These constraints include initialization before use, resource cleanup, safe coordination among threads, and usage protocols. Unlike class-based languages, the resource-based programming language Plaid models interfaces, representation, and behavior using states, and an object’s state can change. Plaid’s gradual, linear logic-based type system and runtime system will track both the state of an object and aliases to it, ensuring that clients access objects safely in both sequential and concurrent programs.
Cytologic scoring of equine exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage: Performance of human experts and a deep learning-based algorithm
Creators: name: Bertram, Christof A.
name: Marzahl, Christian
name: Bartel, Alexander
name: Stayt, Jason
name: Bonsembiante, Federico
name: Beeler-Marfisi, Janet
name: Barton, Ann Kristin
name: Brocca, Ginevra
name: Gelain, Maria E.
name: Klopfleisch, Robert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: artificial intelligence
subject: automated image analysis
subject: bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
subject: computational pathology
subject: digital pathology
subject: equine
subject: pulmonary hemorrhage
subject: respiratory disease
subject: total hemosiderin score
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) is a relevant respiratory disease in sport horses, which can be diagnosed by examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells using the total hemosiderin score (THS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of annotators and to validate a deep learning-based algorithm for the THS. Digitized cytological specimens stained for iron were prepared from 52 equine BALF samples. Ten annotators produced a THS for each slide according to published methods. The reference methods for comparing annotator’s and algorithmic performance included a ground truth dataset, the mean annotators’ THSs, and chemical iron measurements. Results of the study showed that annotators had marked interobserver variability of the THS, which was mostly due to a systematic error between annotators in grading the intracytoplasmatic hemosiderin content of individual macrophages. Regarding overall measurement error between the annotators, 87.7% of the variance could be reduced by using standardized grades based on the ground truth. The algorithm was highly consistent with the ground truth in assigning hemosiderin grades. Compared with the ground truth THS, annotators had an accuracy of diagnosing EIPH (THS of < or ≥ 75) of 75.7%, whereas, the algorithm had an accuracy of 92.3% with no relevant differences in correlation with chemical iron measurements. The results show that deep learning-based algorithms are useful for improving reproducibility and routine applicability of the THS. For THS by experts, a diagnostic uncertainty interval of 40 to 110 is proposed. THSs within this interval have insufficient reproducibility regarding the EIPH diagnosis.
Additional file 2 of “The system has to be health literate, too” - perspectives among healthcare professionals on health literacy in transcultural treatment settings
Creators: name: Baumeister, Annika
name: Chakraverty, Digo
name: Aldin, Angela
name: Seven, Ümran Sema
name: Skoetz, Nicole
name: Kalbe, Elke
name: Woopen, Christiane
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2.
On limit theorems for continued fractions
Creators: name: Szewczak, Zbigniew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 60F10, 11K50

description: It is shown that for sums of functionals of digits in continued fraction expansion the Kolmogorov-Feller weak laws of large numbers and the Khinchine-Lévy-Feller-Raikov characterization of the domain of attraction of the normal law hold.
description: 16 pages
BCS-BEC crossover of neutron pairs in symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter
Creators: name: Margueron, J.
name: Sagawa, Hiroyuki
name: Hagino, Kouichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose new types of density dependent contact pairing interaction which reproduce the pairing gaps in symmetric and neutron matter obtained by a microscopic treatment based on the nucleon-nucleon interaction. These interactions are able to simulate the pairing gaps of either the bare interaction or the interaction screened by the medium polarization effects. It is shown that the medium polarization effects cannot be cast into the density power law function usually introduced together with the contact interaction and require the introduction of another isoscalar term. The BCS-BEC crossover of neutrons pairs in symmetric and symmetric nuclear matter is studied by using these contact interactions. It is shown that the bare and screened pairing interactions lead to different features of the BCS-BEC crossover in symmetric nuclear matter. For the screened pairing interaction, a two-neutron BEC state is formed in symmetric matter at $k_{Fn}\sim 0.2$ fm$^{-1}$ (neutron density $ρ_n/ρ_0\sim 10^{-3}$). Contrary the bare interaction does not form the BEC state at any neutron density.
Two-Dimensional Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics: Two Fixed Centers of Force
Creators: name: Leon, M. A. Gonzalez
name: Guilarte, J. Mateos
name: Mayado, M. de la Torre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The problem of building supersymmetry in the quantum mechanics of two Coulombian centers of force is analyzed. It is shown that there are essentially two ways of proceeding. The spectral problems of the SUSY (scalar) Hamiltonians are quite similar and become tantamount to solving entangled families of Razavy and Whittaker-Hill equations in the first approach. When the two centers have the same strength, the Whittaker-Hill equations reduce to Mathieu equations. In the second approach, the spectral problems are much more difficult to solve but one can still find the zero-energy ground states.
description: This is a contribution to the Proc. of the Seventh International Conference ''Symmetry in Nonlinear Mathematical Physics'' (June 24-30, 2007, Kyiv, Ukraine), published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Geological, multispectral, and meteorological imaging results from the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover in Jezero crater
Creators: name: Bell III, James F.
name: Maki, Justin N.
name: Alwmark, Sanna
name: Ehlmann, Bethany L.
name: Fagents, Sarah A.
name: Grotzinger, John P.
name: Gupta, Sanjeev
name: Hayes, Alexander
name: Jaumann, Ralf
name: Walter, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mars 2020 Perseverance rover
subject: Jezero crater
subject: results
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Perseverance’s Mastcam-Z instrument provides high-resolution stereo and multispectral images with a unique combination of spatial resolution, spatial coverage, and wavelength coverage along the rover’s traverse in Jezero crater, Mars. Images reveal rocks consistent with an igneous (including volcanic and/or volcaniclastic) and/or impactite origin and limited aqueous alteration, including polygonally fractured rocks with weathered coatings; massive boulder-forming bedrock consisting of mafic silicates, ferric oxides, and/or iron-bearing alteration minerals; and coarsely layered outcrops dominated by olivine. Pyroxene dominates the iron-bearing mineralogy in the fine-grained regolith, while olivine dominates the coarse-grained regolith. Solar and atmospheric imaging observations show significant intra- and intersol variations in dust optical depth and water ice clouds, as well as unique examples of boundary layer vortex action from both natural (dust devil) and Ingenuity helicopter–induced dust lifting. High-resolution stereo imaging also provides geologic context for rover operations, other instrument observations, and sample selection, characterization, and confirmation.
An Energy Conserving Routing Scheme for Wireless Body Sensor Nanonetwork Communication
Creators: name: Afsana, Fariha
name: Asif-Ur-Rahman, Md.
name: Ahmed, Muhammad R.
name: Mahmud, Mufti
name: Kaiser, M. Shamim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: B.4, C.2.1, C.2.2, H.4.3

description: Current developments in nanotechnology make electromagnetic communication (EC) possible at the nanoscale for applications involving Wireless [Body] Sensor Networks (W[B]SNs). This specialized branch of WSN has emerged as an important research area contributing to medical treatment, social welfare, and sports. The concept is based on the interaction of integrated nanoscale machines by means of wireless communications. One key hurdle for advancing nanocommunications is the lack of an apposite networking protocol to address the upcoming needs of the nanonetworks. Recently, some key challenges have been identified, such as nanonodes with extreme energy constraints, limited computational capabilities, Terahertz frequency bands with limited transmission range, etc., in designing protocols for wireless nanosensor networks (WNN). This work proposes an improved performance scheme of nanocommunication over Terahertz bands for wireless BSNs making it suitable for smart e-health applications. The scheme contains -- a new energy-efficient forwarding routine for EC in WNN consisting of hybrid clusters with centralized scheduling, a model designed for channel behavior taking into account the aggregated impact of molecular absorption, spreading loss, and shadowing, and an energy model for energy harvesting and consumption. The outage probability is derived for both single and multilinks and extended to determine the outage capacity. The outage probability for a multilink is derived using a cooperative fusion technique at a predefined fusion node. Simulated using a Nano-Sim simulator, performance of the proposed model has been evaluated for energy efficiency, outage capacity, and outage probability. The results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed scheme through maximized energy utilization in both single and multihop communication, multisensor fusion enhances the link quality of the transmission.
description: 13 pages, 13 figures, and 2 tables, IEEE Access, 2018
Adaptive Importance Sampling in General Mixture Classes
Creators: name: Cappé, Olivier
name: Douc, Randal
name: Guillin, Arnaud
name: Marin, Jean-Michel
name: Robert, Christian P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose an adaptive algorithm that iteratively updates both the weights and component parameters of a mixture importance sampling density so as to optimise the importance sampling performances, as measured by an entropy criterion. The method is shown to be applicable to a wide class of importance sampling densities, which includes in particular mixtures of multivariate Student t distributions. The performances of the proposed scheme are studied on both artificial and real examples, highlighting in particular the benefit of a novel Rao-Blackwellisation device which can be easily incorporated in the updating scheme.
description: Removed misleading comment in Section 2
The Engineering of a Scalable Multi-Site Communications System Utilizing Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)
Creators: name: Tysowski, Piotr K.
name: Ling, Xinhua
name: Lütkenhaus, Norbert
name: Mosca, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a means of generating keys between a pair of computing hosts that is theoretically secure against cryptanalysis, even by a quantum computer. Although there is much active research into improving the QKD technology itself, there is still significant work to be done to apply engineering methodology and determine how it can be practically built to scale within an enterprise IT environment. Significant challenges exist in building a practical key management service for use in a metropolitan network. QKD is generally a point-to-point technique only and is subject to steep performance constraints. The integration of QKD into enterprise-level computing has been researched, to enable quantum-safe communication. A novel method for constructing a key management service is presented that allows arbitrary computing hosts on one site to establish multiple secure communication sessions with the hosts of another site. A key exchange protocol is proposed where symmetric private keys are granted to hosts while satisfying the scalability needs of an enterprise population of users. The key management service operates within a layered architectural style that is able to interoperate with various underlying QKD implementations. Variable levels of security for the host population are enforced through a policy engine. A network layer provides key generation across a network of nodes connected by quantum links. Scheduling and routing functionality allows quantum key material to be relayed across trusted nodes. Optimizations are performed to match the real-time host demand for key material with the capacity afforded by the infrastructure. The result is a flexible and scalable architecture that is suitable for enterprise use and independent of any specific QKD technology.
Geometric Algorithms for Learning and Data Poisoning
Creators: name: Fan, Bohan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: Geometric methods have provided many powerful tools in algorithm design and learning. In this dissertation, I will present our geometric algorithms for learning and data poisoning. In the first part of my dissertation, I introduce our approach to solve the learning line problem with ordinal constraints. Our goal is to find a mapping from a set of points into the real line, such that the number of constraints for the triple of points that encode their proximity information could be preserved as many as possible. Our algorithm computes a solution that satisfies $(1-O(\eps^{1/8}))$-fraction of all constraints, in time $O(n^7) + (1/\eps)^{O(1/\eps^{1/8})} n$.

In the second part of my dissertation, I introduce our geometric algorithms for data poisoning. The key motivation of our study is to provide a systematic way of injecting nearly-optimal poisoning to data with provable worse case guarantee, so that the robustness of the clustering algorithms could be evaluated on some nearly optimal poisoned data set. I first propose our poisoning algorithms against $k$-center and $k$-means clustering. Our algorithms can achieve $\frac{1}{6}$-approximation with respect to optimal poisoning for $k$-center data poisoning problem in time $O(m n^{\lceil d/2 \rceil})$. For $k$-means data poisoning problem, we get an bi-criteria approximation algorithm for general case. The algorithm achieves $(\Omega(1/k^2),2)$-approximation with respect to optimal poisoning, that is, if the cost of optimal $m$ poisoning is $cost_k(X\cup P_\OPT)$, our algorithm compute a $2m$ poisoning, with cost at least $\Omega(1/k^2)$. Then I propose our poisoning algorithm for $k$-NN clustering. Our algorithm computes an $\eps n$-additive approximation of the optimal poisoning in $n\cdot 2^{2^{O(d+k/\eps)}}$ time.
Resolving Data Mismatches in End-User Compositions
Creators: name: Velasco-Elizondo, Perla
name: Vishal  Dwivedi
name: Garlan, David
name: Schmerl, Bradley
name: Fernandez, Jose Maria
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many domains such as scientific computing and neuroscience require end users to compose heterogeneous computational entities to automate their professional tasks. However, an issue that frequently hampers such composition is data-mismatches between computational entities. Although, many composition frameworks today provide support for data mismatch resolution through special-purpose data converters, end users still have to put significant effort in dealing with data mismatches, e.g., identifying the available converters and determining which of them meet their QoS expectations. In this paper we present an approach that eliminates this effort by automating the detection and resolution of data mismatches. Specifically, it uses architectural abstractions to automatically detect different types of data mismatches, model-generation techniques to fix those mismatches, and utility theory to decide the best fix based on QoS constraints. We illustrate our approach in the neuroscience domain where data-mismatches can be fixed in an efficient manner on the order of few seconds.
Research toward an engineering discipline for software
Creators: name: Shaw, Mary
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Software engineering should aspire to be a true engineering discipline. We have made good progress in some areas, but a number of aspects of practical engineering are under-represented in our research portfolio. We have been slow to move beyond well-delimited systems developed by professional programmers to systems integrated from multiple public sources that evolve in the hands of their users. We have focused on formal reasoning and systematic testing to the detriment of qualitative and incremental reasoning supporting cost-effective, rather than perfect solutions. We have been slow to codify our results into unified theories and practical reference material. To establish a true engineering discipline for software, we need to broaden our view of what constitutes a “software system” and we need to develop techniques that help to provide cost-effective quality despite associated uncertainties.
title: Variations in 24-mu m morphologies among galaxies in the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey: new insights into the Hubble sequence
Creators: name: Bendo, GJ
name: Calzetti, D
name: Engelbracht, CW
name: Kennicutt, RC
name: Meyer, MJ
name: Thornley, MD
name: Walter, F
name: Dale, DA
name: Li, A
name: Murphy, EJ
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: galaxies : ISM
subject: galaxies : structure
subject: infrared : galaxies
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is the pre-published version harvested from ArXiv. The published version is located at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12204.x/abstract;jsessionid=E09FEF5621805DDC5C746D49499B101E.d02t04?systemMessage=Due+to+scheduled+maintenance%2C+access+to+Wiley+Online+Library+will+be+disrupted+on+Saturday%2C+5th+Feb+between+10%3A00-12%3A00+GMT
description: To study the distribution of star formation and dust emission within nearby galaxies, we measured five morphological parameters in the 3.6- and 24-μm wavebands for 65 galaxies in the Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS) and eight galaxies that were serendipitously observed by SINGS. The morphological parameters demonstrate strong variations along the Hubble sequence, including statistically significant differences between S0/a-Sab and Sc-Sd galaxies. Early-type galaxies are generally found to be compact, centralized, symmetric sources in the 24-μm band, while late-type galaxies are generally found to be extended, asymmetric sources. These results suggest that the processes that increase the real or apparent sizes of galaxies' bulges also lead to more centralized 24-μm dust emission. Several phenomena, such as strong nuclear star formation, Seyfert activity, or outer ring structures, may cause galaxies to deviate from the general morphological trends observed at 24 μm. We also note that the 24-μm morphologies of Sdm-Im galaxies are quite varied, with some objects appearing very compact and symmetric but others appearing diffuse and asymmetric. These variations reflect the wide variation in star formation in irregular galaxies as observed at other wavelengths. The variations in the 24-μm morphological parameters across the Hubble sequence mirror many of the morphological trends seen in other tracers of the ISM and in stellar emission. However, the 24-μm morphological parameters for the galaxies in this sample do not match the morphological parameters measured in the stellar wavebands. This implies that the distribution of dust emission is related to but not equivalent to the distribution of stellar emission.
Scalar Field Theory with a Non-Standard Potential
Creators: name: Scheffler, Sebastian
name: Hofmann, Ralf
name: Stamatescu, Ion-Olimpiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase structure of a 4D complex scalar field theory with a potential V(Phi) = | Lambda^3 / Phi - Lambda Phi |^2 at zero and at finite temperature. The model is analyzed by mean field and Monte Carlo methods. At zero temperature the theory falls in the universality class of the 4D Ising model when varying Lambda. The situation is less clear-cut for variations w.r.t. Lambda at large temperatures and variations w.r.t. temperature at a given value of Lambda. We observe temperature independence of the mass of the first excitation.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures; version published in Phys. Rev. D 77
Research Directions in Abstract Data Structures
Creators: name: Shaw, Mary
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1976
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A number of interesting research problems arise from current attempts to incorporate abstraction mechanisms in programming languages. Some of them are central issues in current research projects and others are direct extensions of current work. Several problems in each of these areas are outlined below. A third section presents a series of speculations about how this work might evolve in the future. Since this is supposed to be a session to spark research ideas, I have written brief descriptions of a number of topics and not delved very deeply into any one. Most of these problems can probably be solved in more than one way. Hence the fact that a problem is being worked on should not deter anyone from looking at it from another viewpoint.
Additional file 1 of Weight shapes the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants: results of a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Heida, Fardou H.
name: Kooi, Elisabeth M. W.
name: Wagner, Josef
name: Nguyen, Thi-Yen
name: Hulscher, Jan B. F.
name: van Zoonen, Anne G. J. F.
name: Bos, Arend F.
name: Harmsen, Hermie J. M.
name: de Goffau, Marcus C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Interpretable detection of novel human viruses from genome sequencing data
Creators: name: Bartoszewicz, Jakub Maciej
name: Seidel, Anja
name: Renard, Bernhard Y.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: viral host prediction
subject: deep neural architectures
subject: interpretability tools
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Viruses evolve extremely quickly, so reliable methods for viral host prediction are necessary to safeguard biosecurity and biosafety alike. Novel human-infecting viruses are difficult to detect with standard bioinformatics workflows. Here, we predict whether a virus can infect humans directly from next-generation sequencing reads. We show that deep neural architectures significantly outperform both shallow machine learning and standard, homology-based algorithms, cutting the error rates in half and generalizing to taxonomic units distant from those presented during training. Further, we develop a suite of interpretability tools and show that it can be applied also to other models beyond the host prediction task. We propose a new approach for convolutional filter visualization to disentangle the information content of each nucleotide from its contribution to the final classification decision. Nucleotide-resolution maps of the learned associations between pathogen genomes and the infectious phenotype can be used to detect regions of interest in novel agents, for example, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, unknown before it caused a COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. All methods presented here are implemented as easy-to-install packages not only enabling analysis of NGS datasets without requiring any deep learning skills, but also allowing advanced users to easily train and explain new models for genomics.
Requirements for Robust Natural Language Interfaces: The XCALIBUR and LanguageCraft Experiences
Creators: name: Carbonell, Jaime G.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1986
Subjects: subject: 80399 Computer Software not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Natural Language interfaces to data bases and expert systems require the integration of several crucial capabilities in order to be judged habitable by their end users and productive by the developers of applications. User habitability is measured in terms of linguistic coverage, robustness of behavior and speed of response, whereas implementer productivity is measured by the amount of effort required to connect the interface to a new application, to develop its syntactic and semantic grammar, and to test and test and debug the resultant system assuring a certain level of performance• These latter criteria have not been addressed directly by natural language researchers in pure laboratory settings, with the exception of user-defined extensions to an existing interface (e.g., NanoKLAUS [4], vex [6]). But, in order to amortize the cost of developing practical, robust and efficient interfaces over multiple applications, the implementer productivity requirements are as important as user habitability. We treat each set of criteria in turn, drawing from our experience in XCALIBUR [2] and in LanguageCraft TM [5], a commercially available environment and run time module for rapid development of domain-oriented natural language interfaces, f In our discussion we distill the general lessons accrued from several years of experience using these systems, and conducting several small-scale user studies.
Hiriira Spatiotemporalities: Mapping Oromo Women’s Liberation in Post‐Imperial Berlin
Creators: name: Bass, Madeline J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Oromo
subject: Germany
subject: Black geography
subject: guraacha
subject: liberation movements
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: In September 2020, Oromo women marched through the streets of Berlin, Germany, demanding recognition for their struggle. This protest march, called a Hiriira in the Oromo language, offers a case study into the entanglements between settler colonial Ethiopia, Germany’s post‐empire, and the forces of oppression which link them. This paper uses the spatiotemporal reckonings generated from the Hiriira perspective to understand violence and elucidate the practices of resistance that have emerged despite it. These contrasting ways of viewing space and time are expressed through the tension between imperial spatialising, a way of knowing the world that is imperial and oppressive in nature, and geography guraacha, a Black and Blackened way of knowing space with a particularly Oromo perspective. The result is a type of mapping, tracing the Hiriira route across Berlin while describing the histories that shadow these streets, and the pathways towards liberation that Oromo women are organising.
title: Hybrid Active-Passive Space Radiation Simulation Concept for GSI and the Future FAIR Facility
Creators: name: Schuy, Christoph
name: Weber, Uli
name: Durante, Marco
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2024

description: Space radiation is acknowledged as one of the main health risks for human exploration of the Solar system. Solar particle events (SPE) and the galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) can cause significant early and late morbidity, and damage mission critical microelectronics. Systematic studies of the interaction of energetic heavy ions with biological and electronic systems are typically performed at high-energy particle accelerators with a small subset of ions and energies in an independent and serialized way. This simplification can lead to inaccurate estimations of the harmful radiation effects of the full space radiation environment on man and machine. To mitigate these limitations, NASA has developed an irradiation system at the Brookhaven National Laboratory able to simulate the full GCR spectrum. ESA is also investing in ground-based space radiation studies in Europe, using the current and future facilities at GSI/FAIR in Darmstadt (Germany). We describe here an advanced hybrid active-passive space radiation simulation system to simulate GCR or SPE spectra. A predefined set of different monoenergetic ⁵⁶Fe beams will be fired on specially designed beam modulators consisting of filigree periodic structures. Their thickness, composition and geometry per used primary beam energy are optimized via 1D-transport calculations in such a way that the superposition of the produced radiation fields at the target position closely simulate the GCR in different scenarios. The highly complex modulators will be built using state-of-the-art manufacturing techniques like 3D-printing and precision casting. A Monte Carlo simulation of the spectrum produced in this setup is reported.
Labeling of Mucin-Type O-Glycans for Quantification Using Liquid Chromatography and Fluorescence Detection
Creators: name: Safferthal, Marc
name: Bechtella, Leïla
name: Zappe, Andreas
name: Vos, Gaël M.
name: Pagel, Kevin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: mucin-type O-glycans
subject: labeling
subject: quantification
subject: fluorescence detection
subject: hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography
subject: mass spectrometry
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: O-glycosylation is a common post-translational modification that is essential for the defensive properties of mucus barriers. Incomplete and altered O-glycosylation is often linked to severe diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Originating from a nontemplate-driven biosynthesis, mucin-type O-glycan structures are very complex. They are often present as heterogeneous mixtures containing multiple isomers. Therefore, the analysis of complex O-glycan mixtures usually requires hyphenation of orthogonal techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC), ion mobility spectrometry, and mass spectrometry (MS). However, MS-based techniques are mainly qualitative. Moreover, LC separation of O-glycans often lacks reproducibility and requires sophisticated data treatment and analysis. Here we present a mucin-type O-glycomics analysis workflow that utilizes hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography for separation and fluorescence labeling for detection and quantification. In combination with mass spectrometry, a detailed analysis on the relative abundance of specific mucin-type O-glycan compositions and features, such as fucose, sialic acids, and sulfates, is performed. Furthermore, the average number of monosaccharide units of O-glycans in different samples was determined. To demonstrate universal applicability, the method was tested on mucins from different tissue types and mammals, such as bovine submaxillary mucins, porcine gastric mucins, and human milk mucins. To account for day-to-day retention time shifts in O-glycan separations and increase the comparability between different instruments and laboratories, we included fluorescently labeled dextran ladders in our workflow. In addition, we set up a library of glucose unit values for all identified O-glycans, which can be used to simplify the identification process of glycans in future analyses.
Inverse limits of Macaulay's inverse systems
Creators: name: Schulze, Mathias
name: Tozzo, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16D90 (Primary) 13A30, 13H10 (Secondary)

description: Generalizing a result of Masuti and the second author, we describe inverse limits of Macaulay's inverse systems for Cohen-Macaulay factor algebras of formal power series or polynomial rings over an infinite field. On the way we find a strictness result for filtrations defined by regular sequences. It generalizes both a lemma of Uli Walther and the Rees isomorphism.
description: 17 pages
A Post-Launch Summary of the Science of NASA's Psyche Mission
Creators: name: Dibb, Steven. D.
name: Asphaug, Erik
name: Bell III, James F.
name: Binzel, Richard P.
name: Bottke, William F.
name: Cambioni, Saverio
name: Christoph, John M.
name: Elkins-Tanton, Linda T.
name: Jaumann, Ralf
name: Lawrence, David J.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: asteroid
subject: Psyche
subject: mission
subject: objectives
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Astronomical observations indicate that asteroid (16) Psyche is a large, high-density (likely >3,400 kg·m−3), metal-rich (30–55 vol. %) asteroid. Psyche may be remnant core material or it could be a primordial, undifferentiated metal-rich object. We discuss the science objectives of the upcoming Psyche mission, which will employ three instruments (the Magnetometer, Multispectral Imager, and Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer) and will use Doppler tracking of the spacecraft to explore the asteroid. This mission will shed light on the nature and origins of metal-rich objects in the solar system and beyond, including the cores of the terrestrial planets.
Circum-galactic medium in the halo of quasars
Creators: name: Ottolina, Riccardo
name: Falomo, Renato
name: Treves, Aldo
name: Uslenghi, Michela
name: Kotilainen, Jari K.
name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Farina, Emanuele P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The properties of circum-galactic gas in the halo of quasar host galaxies are investigated analyzing Mg II 2800 and C IV 1540 absorption-line systems along the line of sight close to quasars. We used optical spectroscopy of closely aligned pairs of quasars (projected distance $\leq$ 200 kpc, but at very different redshift) obtained at the VLT and Gran Telescopio Canarias to investigate the distribution of the absorbing gas for a sample of quasars at z$\sim$1. Absorption systems of EW $\geq$ 0.3 $\rmÅ$ associated with the foreground quasars are revealed up to 200 kpc from the centre of the host galaxy, showing that the structure of the absorbing gas is patchy with a covering fraction quickly decreasing beyond 100 kpc. In this contribution we use optical and near-IR images obtained at VLT to investigate the relations between the properties of the circum-galactic medium of the host galaxies and of the large scale galaxy environments of the foreground quasars.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, proceedings of the conference "QUASARS at all cosmic epochs", accepted for publication on Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Science
Additional file 3 of Weight shapes the intestinal microbiome in preterm infants: results of a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Heida, Fardou H.
name: Kooi, Elisabeth M. W.
name: Wagner, Josef
name: Nguyen, Thi-Yen
name: Hulscher, Jan B. F.
name: van Zoonen, Anne G. J. F.
name: Bos, Arend F.
name: Harmsen, Hermie J. M.
name: de Goffau, Marcus C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3.
Heun and Mathieu functions as solutions of the Dirac equation
Creators: name: Birkandan, T.
name: Hortacsu, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give examples of where the Heun function exists as solutions of wave equations encountered in general relativity. While the Dirac equation written in the background of Nutku helicoid metric yields Mathieu functions as its solutions in four spacetime dimensions, the trivial generalization to five dimensions results in the double confluent Heun function. We reduce this solution to the Mathieu function with some transformations. We must apply Atiyah-Patodi-Singer spectral boundary conditions to this system since the metric has a singularity at the origin.
description: 5 pages, Prepared for the Spanish Relativity Meeting (ERE 2007), Tenerife, Spain, 10-14 Sep 2007