Callicarpa chazaliei , Versluys 1899
Creators: name: Moura, Andreza Campos De
name: Campos, Felipe Ferreira
name: Pérez, Carlos Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Lamiaceae
Callicarpa
Callicarpa chazaliei

description: Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899
Figs 2–5; Tables 1, 2
Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899: 44, figs 14, 15; Fraser, 1947: 13; Galea et al. 2021: 332, fig. A3.
Type locality. Off the Dry Tortugas (ca. 24°37’ N, 82°55’ W, 45 m), Florida, USA (Versluys 1899).
Material examined. Station MT 52. 2, 4°44’53.7”S, 36°25’27.4”W, off the coast of Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil, 65 m, 20.04.2011: a 24 cm high, fertile colony, and three detached fragments of side-branches (MZUSP 8695); a 21 cm high, fertile colony (MOUFPE-CNI 920).
Description. Colonies erect, to 24 cm high, yellowish brown, darker in polysiphonic portions, arising from a dense tuft of tubular stolons anchoring the colony in sediment, without nematothecae, with sediment particles adhering to them (Fig. 2A).
Stem polysiphonic, auxiliary tubes parallel, decreasing in number distally, branched, first branch arising at about 7 cm above the origin from hydrorhyza; all branches fascicled for almost their whole length; main tube of the stem and branches unsegmented; scarce scattered nematothecae on distal parts of secondary tubes and branches (Fig. 3A, 5A). Cladial apophyses pinnately arranged along the stem and branches, alternating in two parallel rows, given off upwards at an acute angle, slightly turned to one side of colony (Fig. 3A); continuous to first cladial internode (Fig 3A), sometimes with a fake node resulting from mechanical breakage of a cladium (Fig 3B); two axillar nematothecae, one on each side of base (many detached) (Fig. 3B).
Hydrocladia monosiphonic, simple, straight, divided homomerously into up to 25 regular, thecate internodes by slightly oblique nodes; internodes with a hydrotheca and four nematothecae; hydrotheca on first internode centrally-placed (Fig. 3A–B), subsequent ones on proximal halves of their corresponding internodes (Fig. 3C, 5B–C); two internal, annular rings of perisarc flanking the mesial inferior nematotheca (Fig. 3D), two others, more or less distinct, flanking the lateral nematothecae (Fig. 3E, 3H), and 0–1 subterminal, distally (Fig. 3F).
Hydrothecae conical, elongated, fully adnate, aperture circular, rim smooth, distinctly emarginated at junction with the internode behind, aperture set transversely to internodal axis, abaxial wall relatively thick, straight to slightly convex, adaxial wall straight or slightly concave, thickened laterally at junction with the internode behind (Fig. 3B–C, 3H, 5B); one mesial inferior nematotheca proximally on the internode on a distinct ledge, not reaching the hydrothecal base (Fig. 3D); one pair of lateral nematothecae arising from level of hydrothecal rim from small though distinct apophyses (Fig. 3G–H); one mesial superior nematotheca, borne on a subterminal prominence of internode above the hydrotheca (Fig. 3F); mesial nematothecae comparatively longer than their lateral counterparts; all nematothecae of a colony movable, conical, bithalamic, lower chamber elongated, narrowing proximally, upper chamber shallow and broad, rim circular and smooth, on an articulation of thinner perisarc (Fig. 3F, 3H). Hydranths contracted inside hydrothecae.
Gonosome composed of up to eight phylactocarps per colony; phylactocarps up to 35 mm long, arising from a short, distinct pedicel on distal portions of cladia-bearing branches (Fig. 4A); bearing up to 70 stacked verticils composed of three equidistant ramuli; verticils decussately-arranged, forming six longitudinal rows of ramuli (Fig. 5D); ramuli of a given whorl alternately positioned in spaces between those of neighboring whorls (Fig. 4B); ramuli hollow, with distal, circular apertures; dichotomously-branched twice, arching over gonothecae, and protecting them due to the presence of nematothecae (at least one per bifurcation and one towards the base of fork) (Fig. 4B–C); occasionally, a hydrotheca at the tips of branches (Fig. 4D); in some phylactocarps the ends of ramuli reaches the upper whorl (Fig. 4C).
Gonothecae arise from bases of ramuli, 0–3 per whorl (Fig. 4E–F); reniform, aperture circular, latero-distal, operculum circular and ofter missing, wall opposite to aperture longer than opposite one and convex in shape; gonothecae filled with an ovoid, dark mass of tissue (Fig. 4C, 4E–F, 4G).
Distribution. Off the Dry Tortugas (ca. 24°37’N, 82°55’W, 45 m), Florida, USA (Versluys 1899), off Margarita Island (ca. 11° N, 64° w, 31–40 m), Nueva Esparta, Venezuela (Fraser 1947), and coast of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil (4°44’53.7”S, 36°25’27.4”W, 65 m) (present study).
description: Published as part of Moura, Andreza Campos De, Campos, Felipe Ferreira & Pérez, Carlos Daniel, 2022, Rediscovery and redescription of Callicarpa chazaliei Versluys, 1899 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, pp. 251-262 in Zootaxa 5120 (2) on pages 253-260, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5120.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/6389256