title: I Walk an Ancient Road: A Straightforward Methodology for Analyzing Intra- and Inter-regional Connectivity Systems along Roman Frontier Zones
title: Open Supplementary Data
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hagmann, Dominik
Publisher: name: Self-publishing
Year: 2024
Subjects: Archäologie
Archaeology
ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (601) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (6010) -- Archäologie (601003)
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- History, Archaeology (601) -- History, Archaeology (6010) -- Archaeology (601003)
Virtuelle Archäologie
Virtual archeology
ÖFOS 2012 -- GEISTESWISSENSCHAFTEN (6) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (601) -- Geschichte, Archäologie (6010) -- Virtuelle Archäologie (601026)
ÖFOS 2012 -- HUMANITIES (6) -- History, Archaeology (601) -- History, Archaeology (6010) -- Virtual archeology (601026)
Roman Roads
Roman Frontier Hinterland
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
Least-cost Analysis
Spatial Social Network Analysis
Visibility Analysis

description: This dataset contains supplemental data linked to the paper titled “I Walk an Ancient Road: A Straightforward Methodology for Analyzing Intra- and Inter-regional Connectivity Systems along Roman Frontier Zones.” The data is stored in a GeoPackage (.gpkg) geodatabase format (http://www.geopackage.org), utilizing the EPSG:31256 (https://epsg.io/31256) and EPSG:4326 (https://epsg.io/4326) coordinate reference systems. Unless stated otherwise, EPSG:31256 was used.

The dataset includes therefore a comprehensive set of layers structured into various thematic categories related to archaeological and spatial analysis, particularly focused on Roman frontier zones, and aims to facilitate easy replication and verification of the results presented in the paper. Below is the full list of layers organized by their thematic categories:

1. Sites and Investigation Areas
 - geom_AOI_LIMESITES: Sites related to Roman frontier zones.
 - auxiliary camps
 - watchtowers
 - town
 - geom_TRAISMAUER_VICUS_ROADS: Roads related to the Traismauer vicus as outlined in the paper.
 - geom_SITES_DBSCAN_CENTROIDS: Centroid point of each site derived from the clustering analysis applying DBSCAN.
 - geom_STUDY_REGION: Polygon delineating the study region.
 - AOI: Area of Interest
 - AOSI: Area of Special Interest

2. Analyses
 - Spatial Social Network Analysis:
 - geom_AOSI_GRAPH_NETWORK_NODES (EPSG:4326): Nodes of the social graph network (id 20 points to Aelium Cetium [Site-ID 2] and was not further considered during analysis).
 - geom_AOSI_GRAPH_NETWORK_EDGES (EPSG:4326): Edges representing connections between the nodes of the graph network.
 - geom_AOSI_SPATIAL_NETWORK_EDGES_MST: Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of the spatial network.
 - geom_AOSI_SPATIAL_NETWORK_EDGES_XTENT_K1_A1-5: Extended network edges using the XTENT model with parameters k = 1 and a = 1,5.
 - Visibility Analysis:
 - geom_AOI_OBSERVERPOINTS: Points used as observer locations in visibility analysis.
 - raster_AOI_CUMULATIVE_VIEWSHEDS: Raster representing cumulative viewsheds from the observer points.
 - Least-cost Analysis:
 - Least-cost Paths:
 - geom_AOSI_LCP: Least-cost path lines for AOSI region.
 - geom_AOI_LCP: Least-cost path lines for AOI region.
 - Friction and Cost Surfaces:
 - raster_AOSI_COSTSURFACE_TOBLER_MINUTES: Raster friction surface using Tobler’s hiking function (in minutes) for AOSI region.
 - raster_AOI_COMBINED_COSTSURFACE_RECLASSIFIED: Reclassified combined friction surface for AOI region.

3. Topography
 - raster_AOI_DTM_10X10METERS_SLOPE: Digital Terrain Model (DTM) raster showing slope data at a 10x10 meter resolution, serving as basis for the combined friction surface.

4. Hydrology
 - raster_AOI_FLOODS_300YEARS_RECLASSIFIED: Raster showing reclassified flood data for a 300-year flood event, serving as basis for the combined friction surface .
 - raster_AOI_RIVER_ERLAUF_RECLASSIFIED: Reclassified raster of the Erlauf river, serving as basis for the combined friction surface.
 - raster_AOI_RIVERS_FLADNITZ_MANK_MELK_PIELACH_RECLASSIFIED: Reclassified raster of the rivers Fladnitz, Mank, Melk, and Pielach, serving as basis for the combined friction surface.

5. Basemap
 - OpenStreetMap: Basemap layer provided by OpenStreetMap (OSM).
 - Consortium of Ancient World Mappers: Basemap layer provided by Horne, R., Talbert, R., Becker, J., Twele, R., Jo, A., Belanger, R., Hagemann, L., Lee, A., Bowen, J., Butler, M., et al. Consortium of Ancient World Mappers Map Tiles. The Consortium of Ancient World Mappers and the Digital Scholarship &amp; Publishing Studio at the University of Iowa, 2022, https://cawm.lib.uiowa.edu.

The dataset also includes a project file containing styling information for the layers, making it easier to understand the structure and replicate the visual representation of the data as intended.
description: The layer and field names should be self-explanatory. The IDs mentioned in the tables typically refer to internal IDs specific to each sub-dataset. In cases where superordinate Site-IDs correspond to the IDs of the sites listed in the "geom_AOSI_GRAPH_NETWORK_NODES" and "geom_SITES_DBSCAN_CENTROIDS" datasets, these are indicated in separate columns.