cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Polished diamond coatings for dry tapering of aluminum
Creators: name: Prieske, Markus
name: Vollertsen, Frank
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: CVD diamond
subject: polishing
subject: picosecond laser
subject: tapering
subject: 620

description: For economic and environmental reasons, dry forming is of increasing interest due to the shortening of process chains, cost savings and reduction of environmental pollution. The aim of these investigations is to examine to what extent CVD diamond coatings are suitable for dry forming of aluminum and to identify the surface topology requirements for a low friction coefficient and low wear. It was discovered that the inner contour of a 5 mm high forming die including undercuts could be coated with a CVD diamond coating of a homogeneous layer thickness by turning the forming die upside down after half the coating time, so that the plasma flame enters through the other opening of the die. Based on oscillating ball on plate tribometer tests and tapering tests it could be shown that for the realization of dry piece goods processes with aluminum material, diamond coatings offer a great potential. It was possible to determine a roughness parameter which is equally capable of predicting the coefficient of friction and the wear rate of the aluminum counter body in the dry oscillating ball on plate tribometer tests for unpolished and mechanically polished CVD diamond coatings. This parameter is the peak material volume (Vmp) and is a measure of the volume of the top 10% of the surface. For dry piece goods processes of aluminum workpieces, the deposition of microcrystalline CVD diamond layers with subsequent post-treatment of the surface is recommended in order to achieve a peak material volume of less than 0.04 ml/m² in order to minimize wear of the aluminum counter body. The lower the Vmp value, the lower the coefficient of friction for the dry contact of diamond with aluminum. Nanocrystalline CVD diamond coatings offer a potential for dry forming of aluminum without post-treatment, but they are more suitable for processes such as wire drawing as they do not withstand repeated static friction. For post-treatment of CVD diamond coatings laser polishing with a picosecond-laser was investigated. It could be shown that the surface roughness could be significantly reduced by 72.5%. As soon as the CVD diamond coating is accessible by laser irradiation, the laser polishing process has a lower risk of delamination of the CVD diamond layer due to lower mechanical stress than applied by mechanical polishing.
This drawing shows boys playing ball in front of the plaza of Cerbère; I am playing with my friends.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: War in art
Civil War (Spain : 1936-1939)

description: Drawing no: 30. Child's Age: 12. On facades:  BOUCHERI, TABAC. Colony: Centro Español, Cerbère, France.
Exploring Diaspora Entrepreneurship
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Diaspora Entrepreneurship
subject: 330

description: Die erste Ausgabe umfasst vier Artikel, welche verschiedene Aspekte hinsichtlich Diaspora Entrepreneurship analysieren. Aufgrund des aktuellen technologischen Fortschritts, welcher verschiedene Formen der Migration beinhaltet, hat sich die Anzahl von Migranten drastisch erhöht und die Gesellschaft ist dadurch transnationaler geworden. Unternehmerische Aktivitäten von Migranten und Diasporans, die in verschiedenen Gesellschaften integriert sind, haben viel Aufmerksamkeit von Forschern und Entscheidungsträgern auf sich gezogen, da sie oft einzigartige unternehmerische Möglichkeiten mit der Verwendung ihrer Diaspora-Ressouren und -Netzwerke aufzeigen.
title: The Military Origins of Labor Protection Legislation in Imperial Germany
title: Die militärischen Ursprünge der Arbeitsschutzgesetzgebung im deutschen Kaiserreich
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Obinger, Herbert
name: Dörr, Nikolas
name: Grawe, Lukas
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Labor protection
subject: German Empire
subject: German military
subject: legislation
subject: welfare
subject: Wehrkraft
subject: war preparation
subject: 320

description: »Die militärischen Ursprünge der Arbeitsschutzgesetzgebung im deutschen aiserreich«. Prussia, and since its founding in 1871 the German Empire, were pioneers in the introduction of general conscription and one of the largest military powers in Europe. At the same time, the German Empire was seen as a pioneer in public social policy. Using the example of labor protection, this article examines whether and to what extent connections existed between general conscription, power ambitions of governments, and social protection. It seeks to determine what role military reasons played in the expansion of German labor protection by analyzing the military’s influence on legislation between the early 19th century and the end of the First World War. This examination will show that military arguments have gained great importance over time but have never, with the exception of the First World War, been the dominant motive for welfare reform.
Customer retention in service industries : with particular reference to the insurance industry
Creators: name: Hellier., Phillip Kevin
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Conscription, the Military, and Welfare State Development: An Introduction
Creators: name: Obinger, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Conscription
subject: Military
subject: War
subject: Welfare state
subject: 320

description: »Die Entwicklung von Wehrpflicht, Militär und Wohlfahrtsstaat: Eine Einführung«. This paper discusses several possible causal mechanisms through which conscription and military interests might have shaped the development of western welfare states in the age of industrialized mass warfare. Relevant factors are military concerns about the quantity and quality of the population, the necessity to enhance legitimacy and to secure mass loyalty in times of war and military threat, and a growing pressure to compensate the ‘blood tax’ imposed by the draft with civic and social rights after the end of war.
Paths of technology upgrading in the BRICS economies
Creators: name: Dominguez Lacasa, Iciar
name: Jindra, Björn
name: Radosevic, Slavo
name: Shubbak, Mahmood
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Technology upgrading
subject: BRICS
subject: Patent indicators
subject: Comparative analysis
subject: Development Economics
subject: 330

description: This paper explores technology upgrading of BRICS economies based on a three-pronged approach, which distinguishes between the intensity of technology upgrading, structural change and global interaction. We develop a statistical framework based on patent indicators to measure technological upgrading and apply it to BRICS economies in the period 1980–2015. The paper shows that there is no single path of technology upgrading. Instead, we find several unique paths with different trade-offs between intensity, structural change and the nature of the global interaction. All BRICS economies display increased generation of frontier technological activities, while China and Russia have also increased the intensity of behind frontier technological activities. China has also diversified its technology knowledge base and entered into dynamic frontier areas. With increasing intensity of frontier technology activities of the BRICS, the relative, but not absolute, the importance of foreign actors and international collaboration has declined. However, BRICS economies seem to lack the organisational and complementary capabilities to match the extent of technology sourcing from abroad, observed in high-income countries. Our result represents the application of a new conceptual framework and contributes to assessing the sustainability of innovation-based growth among BRICS.
Analyzing the familiar: approaches to home movies from East Germany
Creators: name: Thalheim, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: amateur film
subject: Geschichte
subject: DDR
subject: home movie
subject: memory
subject: 50

description: Analyzing East German home movies presents a challenge for researchers, since 8 mm and Super 8 reels reveal a harmonious image of life under dictatorship. This article proposes a combination of film analysis, the analysis of written sources, and film interviews as a methodological approach to studying films in the absence of contextual information. This approach is especially effective as a way of distancing oneself from preconceptions about vernacular filmmaking under socialism.
The complex circumnuclear environment of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 390.3 revealed by Chandra HETG
Creators: name: Tombesi, F.
name: Reeves, J. N.
name: Kallman, T.
name: Reynolds, C. S.
name: Mushotzky, R. F.
name: Braito, V.
name: Behar, E.
name: Leutenegger, M. A.
name: Cappi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first high spectral resolution X-ray observation of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 390.3 obtained with the high energy transmission grating (HETG) spectrometer on board the Chandra X-ray Observatory. The spectrum shows complex emission and absorption features in both the soft X-rays and Fe K band. We detect emission and absorption lines in the energy range between E = 700-1000 eV associated with ionized Fe L transitions (Fe XVII-XX). An emission line at the energy of E=6.4 keV consistent with the Fe Kαis also observed. Our best-fit model requires at least three different components: (i) a hot emission component likely associated with the hot interstellar medium in this elliptical galaxy with temperature kT=0.5+/-0.1 keV; (ii) a warm absorber with ionization parameter logξ=2.3+/-0.5 erg s^{-1} cm, column density logN_H=20.7+/-0.1 cm^{-2}, and outflow velocity of v_{out}<150 km s^{-1}; (iii) a lowly ionized reflection component in the Fe K band likely associated with the optical broad line region or the outer accretion disk. These evidences suggest the possibility that we are looking directly down the ionization cone of this active galaxy and that the central X-ray source only photoionizes along the unobscured cone. This is overall consistent with the angle-dependent unified picture of active galactic nuclei.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
URBAN WALKING: PERSPECTIVES OF LOCALS AND TOURISTS
Creators: name: Farkiæ, Jelena
name: Dušan Periæ
name: Lesjak, Miha
name: Petelin, Mitja
Publisher: name: izdavac
Year: 2015
Subjects: Jelena Farkiæ
Dušan Periæ
Miha Lesjak
Mitja Petelin

description: Geographica Pannonica; Vol 19, No 4, 2015. ISSN 1820-7138
description: Urban planners and architects have done extensive research on walkability: what it means and how
it correlates with urban design and quality of life of the locals, however, it has been hitherto neglect
-
ed from the aspect of tourism studies. Many cities worldwide are or tend to be walkable as this leads to
more sustainable and prosperous communities. In addition, walking-friendly environments greatly ca
-
ter for leisure and tourism, as in many cities, walking is an integral part of tourist experience. Therefore,
tourism industry can be of tremendous help for the city authorities in understanding walkers’ needs
and experiences.
Taking into account both the locals and tourists, this research sought to: (1) determine the most fre
-
quently utilised modes of transportation in Novi Sad in Serbia and Koper in Slovenia; (2) assess thier
reasons for walking and perception of the quality of pedestrian infrastructure; and (3) evaluate the psy
-
chometric properties of the questionnaire designed for the purpose of this study.
The results show that the great majority of respondents walk in these two cities. The locals walk pri
-
marily to achieve physical fitness, whereas tourists walk primarily to explore the urban spaces. This
makes more space for tourism as it combines a competitive supply able to meet visitors’ expectations
with a positive contribution to the sustainable development of cities and well-being of their residents.
Furthermore, this study contributes to emphasising walking as a sustainable form of mobility in urban
environment and can be the impetus for profiling Novi Sad and Koper as walking-friendly cities.
Film and history: towards a general ontology
Creators: name: Paalman, Floris
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geschichtsschreibung
subject: Ontologie
subject: Filmgeschichte
subject: ecocinema
subject: world cinema
subject: interdisciplinarity
subject: 50

description: In order to bridge the gap between history and film history as academic disciplines, for both fields to benefit from it, scholars need to draw a theory of the function and position of film in society and develop a general ontology of cinema. A fruitful prospect for such a revisionist endeavour can be found in the emergence of world cinema history that over the last decade has developed as a field in which the social function of cinema is being related to issues of representation while taking economic conditions of production and consumption into account.
Photo-stability of super-hydrogenated PAHs determined by action spectroscopy experiments
Creators: name: Wolf, M.
name: Kiefer, H. V.
name: Langeland, J.
name: Andersen, L. H.
name: Zettergren, H.
name: Schmidt, H. T.
name: Cederquist, H.
name: Stockett, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the photo-stability of pristine and super-hydrogenated pyrene cations C$_{16}$H$_{10+m}^+, m = 0,6, \mathrm{\ or\ } 16$) by means of gas-phase action spectroscopy. Optical absorption spectra and photo-induced dissociation mass spectra are presented. By measuring the yield of mass-selected photo-fragment ions as a function of laser pulse intensity, the number of photons (and hence the energy) needed for fragmentation of the carbon backbone was determined. Backbone fragmentation of pristine pyrene ions (C$_{16}$H$_{10}^+$) requires absorption of three photons of energy just below 3 eV, whereas super-hydrogenated hexahydropyrene (C$_{16}$H$_{16}^+$) must absorb two such photons and fully hydrogenated hexadecahydropyrene (C$_{16}$H$_{26}^+$) only a single photon. These results are consistent with previously reported dissociation energies for these ions. Our experiments clearly demonstrate that the increased heat capacity from the additional hydrogen atoms does not compensate for the weakening of the carbon backbone when pyrene is hydrogenated. In photodissociation regions, super-hydrogenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been proposed to serve as catalysts for H$_2$-formation. Our results indicate that carbon backbone fragmentation may be a serious competitor to H$_2$-formation at least for small hydrogenated PAHs like pyrene.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted in The Astrophysical Journal
Conserved N-terminal cysteine dioxygenases transduce responses to hypoxia in animals and plants.
Creators: name: Masson, Norma
name: Keeley, Thomas P
name: Giuntoli, Beatrice
name: White, Mark D
name: Puerta, Mikel Lavilla
name: Perata, Pierdomenico
name: Hopkinson, Richard J
name: Flashman, Emily
name: Licausi, Francesco
name: Ratcliffe, Peter J
Publisher: name: The Francis Crick Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry & Proteomics
Metabolism
Cell Biology
Signalling & Oncogenes

description: Organisms must respond to hypoxia to preserve oxygen homeostasis. We identify a thiol oxidase, previously assigned as cysteamine (2-aminoethanethiol) dioxygenase (ADO), as a low oxygen affinity (high-KmO2) amino-terminal cysteine dioxygenase that transduces the oxygen-regulated stability of proteins by the N-degron pathway in human cells. ADO catalyzes the conversion of amino-terminal cysteine to cysteine sulfinic acid and is related to the plant cysteine oxidases that mediate responses to hypoxia by an identical posttranslational modification. We show in human cells that ADO regulates RGS4/5 (regulator of G protein signaling) N-degron substrates, modulates G protein-coupled calcium ion signals and mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, and that its activity extends to other N-cysteine proteins including the angiogenic cytokine interleukin-32. Identification of a conserved enzymatic oxygen sensor in multicellular eukaryotes opens routes to better understanding and therapeutic targeting of adaptive responses to hypoxia.
Benjamin and Deleuze: approaches to a critical history in film images
Creators: name: Berg, Olaf
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Forschungsmethode
subject: kritische Theorie
subject: dialectics
subject: Walter Benjamin
subject: Gilles Deleuze
subject: Alexander Kluge
subject: research method
subject: Shoah
subject: Nuit er Brouillard
subject: 50

description: The article combines Walter Benjamin's concept of the dialectical image and Gilles Deleuze's concept of the time-image to develop an approach to using film as an instrument in historical research.
Nonfictional film as historical source: materiality – visuality – performativity
Creators: name: Hornung, Juliane
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: travel film
subject: source
subject: materiality
subject: performativity
subject: Geschichte
subject: Materialität
subject: Performativität
subject: 50

description: The article looks at the amateur and professional travel films of the New York millionaires Lawrence and Margaret Thaw and provides a new analytical approach on nonfictional films as sources for historical research. It argues that it is not only crucial to consider the visual dimension of (audio-)visual media but also to look closely at its materiality and performativity.
Static Structural Signatures of Nearly Jammed Disordered and Ordered Hard-Sphere Packings: Direct Correlation Function
Creators: name: Atkinson, Steven
name: Stillinger, Frank H.
name: Torquato, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical signatures are known to precede jamming in hard-particle systems, but static structural signatures have proven more elusive. The observation that compressing hard-particle packings towards jamming causes growing hyperuniformity has paved the way for the analysis of jamming as an "inverted critical point" in which the direct correlation function $c(r)$ diverges. We establish quantitative relationships between various singularities in $c(r)$ and the total correlation function $h(r)$ that provide a concrete means of identifying features that must be expressed in $c(r)$ if one hopes to reproduce details in the pair correlation function accurately. We also analyze systems of three-dimensional monodisperse hard-spheres of diameter $D$ as they approach ordered and disordered jammed configurations. For the latter, we use the Lubachevsky-Stillinger (LS) and Torquato-Jiao (TJ) packing algorithms, which both generate disordered packings, but can show perceptible structural differences. We identify a short-ranged scaling $c(r) \propto -1/r$ as $r \rightarrow 0$ and show that this, along with the developing delta function at $c(D)$, is a consequence of the growing long-rangedness in $c(r)$. Near the freezing density, we identify qualitative differences in the structure factor $S(k)$ as well as $c(r)$ between TJ- and LS-generated configurations and link them to differences in the protocols' packing dynamics. Configurations from both algorithms have structure factors that approach zero in the low-wavenumber limit as jamming is approached and are shown to exhibit a corresponding power-law decay in $c(r)$ for large $r$ as a consequence. Our work advances the notion that static signatures are exhibited by hard-particle packings as they approach jamming and underscores the utility of the direct correlation function as a means of monitoring for an incipient rigid network.
Mapping and grounding visual history: methodological reflections on historical research and amateur films
Creators: name: Stein, Hanna
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Geschichte
subject: amateur film
subject: Visual History
subject: Yugoslavia
subject: 50

description: On the example of Yugoslav amateur film productions, this article discusses the possibilities of applying situational analysis as a methodological tool for the study of amateur films as historical sources.
This Drawing Represents A House In Port-bou, Behind Which Is A Spring Of Very Cool Water And In The Summer People Come To Get It.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: War in art
Civil War (Spain : 1936-1939)

description: Drawing no: 49. Child's Age: 10. Origin: Port-Bou Colony: Centro Español, Cerbère, France.
Migrations of media aesthetics: anachronisms and reflexivity in ILUMINADOS POR EL FUEGO
Creators: name: Greiner, Rasmus
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ästhetik
subject: Geschichte
subject: Kriegsfilm
subject: anachronism
subject: migration
subject: war film
subject: experience
subject: 50

description: This essay explores how representations of war in news and documentary media have migrated into the war film genre, transcending the bounds of historical chronology and allowing the aesthetics of historical media to be transposed into filmic representations of contemporary conflicts.
Charge symmetry breaking in $Λ$ hypernuclei: updated HYP 2015 progress report
Creators: name: Gal, Avraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ongoing progress in understanding and evaluating charge symmetry breaking in $Λ$ hypernuclei is discussed in connection to recent measurements of the $_Λ^{4}{\rm H}(0^+_{\rm g.s.})$ binding energy at MAMI [A1 Collaboration: PRL 114 (2015) 232501] and of the $_Λ^{4}{\rm He}(1^+_{\rm exc})$ excitation energy at J-PARC [E13 Collaboration: PRL 115 (2015) 222501].
description: updated version of HYP 2015 invited talk; a slightly edited v2 to be published in the Japan Physical Society Conference Proceedings
Atomic force microscopy for cell mechanics and diseases
Creators: name: Perez-Dominguez, Sandra
name: Kulkarni, Shruti G.
name: Rianna, Carmela
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
subject: Biophysics
subject: Diseases
subject: Cancer
subject: Cell mechanics
subject: 530

description: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) is a powerful technique widely employed in biophysics, for instance to study topography of living cells and cell mechanics. Cell mechanics is a very interesting, biophysical parameter of cells, because it is strongly changed by various cellular processes, for example during cell division, cell movement, differentiation, aging, and also various diseases. Since cancer is a prominent example of changes in mechanical properties of diseases, the concept of the mechanical fingerprint has developed, which makes it possible to distinguish between healthy and diseased cells. In this article we report on various studies of cell mechanics with the AFM. We will first give a brief introduction on AFM principles and operational modes and then we will report on some applications of AFM in the field of cellular biophysics, like discriminating between healthy and cancer cells, as well as distinguishing cancer cells at different stages of malignancy. Overall, we will show that AFM has made a significant contribution in studying the biophysics of cancer and the concept of mechanical fingerprints could find a wide variety of applications in biomedicine and medical diagnostics.
Impulsively generated sausage waves in coronal tubes with transversally continuous structuring
Creators: name: Yu, Hui
name: Li, Bo
name: Chen, Shao-Xia
name: Xiong, Ming
name: Guo, Ming-Zhe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The frequency dependence of the longitudinal group speeds of trapped sausage waves plays an important role in determining impulsively generated wave trains, which have often been invoked to account for quasi-periodic signals in coronal loops. We examine how the group speeds ($v_{\rm gr}$) depend on angular frequency ($ω$) for sausage modes in pressureless coronal tubes with continuous transverse density distributions by solving the dispersion relation pertinent to the case where the density inhomogeneity of arbitrary form takes place in a transition layer of arbitrary thickness. We find that in addition to the transverse lengthscale $l$ and density contrast $ρ_{\rm i}/ρ_{\rm e}$, the group speed behavior depends also on the detailed form of the density inhomogeneity. For parabolic profiles, $v_{\rm gr}$ always decreases with $ω$ first before increasing again, as happens for the much studied top-hat profiles. For linear profiles, however, the behavior of the $ω-v_{\rm gr}$ curves is more complex. When $ρ_{\rm i}/ρ_{\rm e} \lesssim 6$, the curves become monotonical for large values of $l$. On the other hand, for higher density contrasts, a local maximum $v_{\rm gr}^{\rm max}$ exists in addition to a local minimum $v_{\rm gr}^{\rm min}$ when coronal tubes are diffuse. With time-dependent computations, we show that the different behavior of group speed curves, the characteristic speeds $v_{\rm gr}^{\rm min}$ and $v_{\rm gr}^{\rm max}$ in particular, is reflected in the temporal evolution and Morlet spectra of impulsively generated wave trains. We conclude that the observed quasi-periodic wave trains not only can be employed to probe such key parameters as density contrasts and profile steepness, but also have the potential to discriminate between the unknown forms of the transverse density distribution.
description: 35 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Random-Key Cuckoo Search for the Travelling Salesman Problem
Creators: name: Ouaarab, Aziz
name: Ahiod, B.
name: Yang, Xin-She
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68Txx

description: Combinatorial optimization problems are typically NP-hard, and thus very challenging to solve. In this paper, we present the random key cuckoo search (RKCS) algorithm for solving the famous Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP). We used a simplified random-key encoding scheme to pass from a continuous space (real numbers) to a combinatorial space. We also consider the displacement of a solution in both spaces using Levy flights. The performance of the proposed RKCS is tested against a set of benchmarks of symmetric TSP from the well-known TSPLIB library. The results of the tests show that RKCS is superior to some other metaheuristic algorithms.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Detection of a ~20 kpc coherent magnetic field in the outskirt of merging spirals: the Antennae galaxies
Creators: name: Basu, Aritra
name: Mao, S. A.
name: Kepley, Amanda A.
name: Robishaw, Timothy
name: Zweibel, Ellen G.
name: Gallagher, John. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the magnetic field properties of NGC 4038/9 (the `Antennae' galaxies), the closest example of a late stage merger of two spiral galaxies. Wideband polarimetric observations were performed using the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array between 2 and 4 GHz. Rotation measure synthesis and Faraday depolarization analysis was performed to probe the magnetic field strength and structure at spatial resolution of $\sim1$ kpc. Highly polarized emission from the southern tidal tail is detected with intrinsic fractional polarization close to the theoretical maximum ($0.62\pm0.18$), estimated by fitting the Faraday depolarization with a volume that is both synchrotron emitting and Faraday rotating containing random magnetic fields. Magnetic fields are well aligned along the tidal tail and the Faraday depths shows large-scale smooth variations preserving its sign. This suggests the field in the plane of the sky to be regular up to $\sim20$ kpc, which is the largest detected regular field structure on galactic scales. The equipartition field strength of $\sim8.5~μ$G of the regular field in the tidal tail is reached within a few 100 Myr, likely generated by stretching of the galactic disc field by a factor of 4--9 during the tidal interaction. The regular field strength is greater than the turbulent fields in the tidal tail. Our study comprehensively demonstrates, although the magnetic fields within the merging bodies are dominated by strong turbulent magnetic fields of $\sim20~μ$G in strength, tidal interactions can produce large-scale regular field structure in the outskirts.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, 2 table, Accepted to be published in MNRAS
Structural stability of the research & development sector in European economies despite the economic crisis
Creators: name: Guenther, Jutta
name: Kristalova, Maria
name: Ludwig, Udo
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: economic crisis
subject: research and development
subject: input-output-analysis
subject: 330

description: When an external shock such as the economic crisis in 2008/2009 occurs, the interconnectedness of sectors can be affected. This paper investigates whether the R&D sector experienced changes in its sectoral integration through the recession. Based on an input output analysis, it can be shown that the linkages of the R&D sector with other sectors remain stable. In some countries, the inter-sectoral integration become even stronger. Policy makers can be encouraged to use public R&D spending as a means of fiscal policy against an economic crisis.
The Importance of Localized Related Variety for International Diversification of Corporate Technology
Creators: name: Dettmann, Eva
name: Dominguez Lacasa, Iciar
name: Günther, Jutta
name: Jindra, Björn
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: multinational enterprises
subject: R&D
subject: location
subject: agglomeration
subject: related variety
subject: 330

description: Internationalization of research and development has increased substantially in Europe in recent years, and particularly in Germany. This paper analyses the determinants of spatial distribution of foreign technological activities across 96 German regions (1996-2009). The paper identifies foreign technological activities by applying the cross-border-ownership concept to patent applications. The main proposition of the paper is that regions with higher related variety of technological activities between sectors attract more foreign technological activities. The estimation of a pooled count data model shows that this is the case. However, it applies only to regions characterized by a high overall technological strength. This finding suggests that related variety facilitates technological diversifications of foreign corporations in regions at the top of the geographic hierarchy within host countries.
Pulsations powered by hydrogen shell burning in white dwarfs
Creators: name: Camisassa, María E.
name: Córsico, Alejandro H.
name: Althaus, Leandro G.
name: Shibahashi, Hiromoto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the absence of a third dredge-up episode during the asymptotic giant branch phase, white dwarf models evolved from low-metallicity progenitors have a thick hydrogen envelope, which makes hydrogen shell burning be the most important energy source. We investigate the pulsational stability of white dwarf models with thick envelopes to see whether nonradial $g$-mode pulsations are triggered by hydrogen burning, with the aim of placing constraints on hydrogen shell burning in cool white dwarfs and on a third dredge-up during the asymptotic giant branch evolution of their progenitor stars. We construct white-dwarf sequences from low-metallicity progenitors by means of full evolutionary calculations, and analyze their pulsation stability for the models in the range of effective temperatures $T_{\rm eff} \sim 15\,000\,-\, 8\,000$ K. We demonstrate that, for white dwarf models with masses $M_{\star} \lesssim 0.71\,\rm M_{\sun}$ and effective temperatures $8\,500 \lesssim T_{\rm eff} \lesssim 11\,600$ K that evolved from low-metallicity progenitors ($Z= 0.0001$, $0.0005$, and $0.001$) the dipole ($\ell= 1$) and quadrupole ($\ell=2$) $g_1$ modes are excited mostly due to the hydrogen-burning shell through the $\varepsilon$-mechanism, in addition to other $g$ modes driven by either the $κ-γ$ or the convective driving mechanism. However, the $\varepsilon$ mechanism is insufficient to drive these modes in white dwarfs evolved from solar-metallicity progenitors. We suggest that efforts should be made to observe the dipole $g_1$ mode in white dwarfs associated with low-metallicity environments, such as globular clusters and/or the galactic halo, to place constraints on hydrogen shell burning in cool white dwarfs and the third dredge-up episode during the preceding asymptotic giant branch phase.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 1 table. To be published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Turbulent transport by diffusive stratified shear flows: from local to global models. Part I: Numerical simulations of a stratified plane Couette flow
Creators: name: Garaud, P.
name: Gagnier, D.
name: Verhoeven, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Shear-induced turbulence could play a significant role in mixing momentum and chemical species in stellar radiation zones, as discussed by Zahn (1974). In this paper we analyze the results of direct numerical simulations of stratified plane Couette flows, in the limit of rapid thermal diffusion, to measure the turbulent diffusivity and turbulent viscosity as a function of the local shear and the local stratification. We find that the stability criterion proposed by Zahn (1974), namely that the product of the gradient Richardson number and the Prandtl number must be smaller than a critical values $(J\Pr)_c$ for instability, adequately accounts for the transition to turbulence in the flow, with $(J\Pr)_c \simeq 0.007$. This result recovers and confirms the prior findings of Prat et al. (2016). Zahn's model for the turbulent diffusivity and viscosity (Zahn 1992), namely that the mixing coefficient should be proportional to the ratio of the thermal diffusivity to the gradient Richardson number, does not satisfactorily match our numerical data when applied as is. It fails (as expected) in the limit of large stratification where the Richardson number exceeds the aforementioned threshold for instability, but it also fails in the limit of low stratification where the turbulent eddy scale becomes limited by the computational domain size. We propose a revised model for turbulent mixing by diffusive stratified shear instabilities, that now properly accounts for both limits, fits our data satisfactorily, and recovers Zahn's 1992 model in the limit of large Reynolds numbers.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Aerial Combat
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: War in art
Civil War (Spain : 1936-1939)

description: Drawing no: 59. Colony: Lagasca, Madrid. Dated 2o año (2nd year), 1937-38. Stamp: Instituto Nacional de segunda enseñanza. Lagasca. Madrid. Secretaria.
Can R&D subsidies counteract the economic crisis? – Macroeconomic effects in Germany
Creators: name: Brautzsch, Hans-Ulrich
name: Günther, Jutta
name: Loose, Brigitte
name: Ludwig, Udo
name: Nulsch, Nicole
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: economic crisis
subject: R&D subsidies
subject: stabilization policy
subject: macroeconomic effects
subject: backward multipliers
subject: input-output model
subject: 330

description: During the economic crisis of 2008 and 2009, governments in Europe stabilized their economies by means of fiscal policy. After decades of absence, deficit spending was used to counteract the heavy decline in demand. In Germany, public spending went partially into R&D subsidies in favor of small and medium sized enterprises. Applying the standard open input-output model, the paper analyzes the macroeconomic effects of R&D subsidies on employment and production in the business cycle. Findings in the form of backward multipliers suggest that R&D subsidies have stimulated a substantial leverage effect. Almost two thirds of the costs of R&D projects are covered by the enterprises themselves. Overall, a subsidized R&D program results in a production, value added and employment effect that amounts to at least twice the initial financing. Overall, the R&D program counteracts the decline of GDP by 0.5% in the year 2009. In the year 2010 the effects are already procyclical since the German economy recovered quickly. Compared to the strongly discussed alternative uses of subsidies for private consumption, R&D spending is more effective.
Parametrization of the nucleus-nucleus gamma-ray production cross sections below 100 GeV/nucleon: Subthreshold pions and Hard photons
Creators: name: Kafexhiu, Ervin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: "Subthreshold pions" and so-called "hard photons" are two important channels for producing less than 1 GeV $γ$-rays and $e^\pm$ pairs from nuclear collisions with energy per nucleon below the $π$-meson production threshold. I use publicly available experimental data to parametrize these two channels' $γ$-ray and $e^\pm$ production cross sections and extend the pion contribution to these particles spectra at higher energies using their corresponding spectra from $pp$ interactions. These parametrizations are valid for collision energy $T_p\leq 100$ A GeV and agree reasonably well with the available experimental data. The new parametrizations allow, for the first time, accurate studies of astrophysical $γ$-rays below 1 GeV.
description: 18 pages, 15 figures submitted to PRC
A spectroscopic study of blue supergiant stars in the Sculptor galaxy NGC 55: chemical evolution and distance
Creators: name: Kudritzki, Rolf
name: Urbaneja, Miguel
name: Castro, Norberto
name: Ho, I-Ting
name: Bresolin, Fabio
name: Gieren, Wolfgang
name: Pietrzynski, Grzegorz
name: Przybilla, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low resolution (4.5 to 5 Angstroem) spectra of 58 blue supergiant stars distributed over the disk of the Magellanic spiral galaxy NGC 55 in the Sculptor group are analyzed by means of non-LTE techniques to determine stellar temperatures, gravities and metallicities (from iron peak and alpha-elements). A metallicity gradient of -0.22 +/- 0.06$ dex/R_25 is detected. The central metallicity on a logarithmic scale relative to the Sun is [Z] = -0.37 +\- 0.03. A chemical evolution model using the observed distribution of stellar and interstellar medium gas mass column densities reproduces the observed metallicity distribution well and reveals a recent history of strong galactic mass accretion and wind outflows with accretion and mass-loss rates of the order of the star formation rate. There is an indication of spatial inhomogeneity in metallicity. In addition, the relatively high central metallicity of the disk confirms that two extra-planar metal poor HII regions detected in previous work 1.13 to 2.22 kpc above the galactic plane are ionized by massive stars formed in-situ outside the disk. For a sub-sample of supergiants, for which Hubble Space Telescope photometry is available, the flux-weighted gravity--luminosity relationship is used to determine a distance modulus of 26.85 +\- 0.10 mag.
description: Accepted by ApJ, 29 pages, 13 figures, 4 tables
Mexican public health history through film: the riches of a film archive, 1945–1970
Creators: name: Gudiño, Maria Rosa
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: educational film
subject: public health
subject: archive
subject: Mexican cinema
subject: Lehrfilm
subject: 630

description: In Mexico, the use of film for educational campaigns on hygiene and public health topics has a long history, beginning with the films made by the Ministry of Health (Secretaría de Salud) under the presidency of Porfirio Díaz in the late nineteenth century. Subsequently, in the early twentieth century, American films were used at two important moments in the history of Mexican public health. Due to the predominance of American films, Mexican public health educational films have remained largely unknown.
Environmental management and decentralisation : the case of Indonesia
Creators: name: Hariadi., Eko
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2021

description: This thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
 Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
 make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field.
Issue 2: Research, Debates and Projects 2.0 : editorial
Creators: name: Greiner, Rasmus
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: history
subject: historiography
subject: interdisciplinarity
subject: 50

description: An editorial of the second issue of the journal "Research in Film and History" that explores current research, debates, and projects at the intersection between the disciplines of film studies and history.
Codimension-two Bifurcations Induce Hysteresis Behavior and Multistabilities in Delay-coupled Kuramoto Oscillators
Creators: name: Niu, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37G05, 37G10

description: Hysteresis phenomena and multistability play crucial roles in the dynamics of coupled oscillators, which are now interpreted from the point of view of codimension-two bifurcations. On the Ott-Antonsen's manifold, complete bifurcation sets of delay-coupled Kuramoto model are derived regarding coupling strength and delay as bifurcation parameters. It is rigorously proved that the system must undergo Bautin bifurcations for some critical values, thus there always exists saddle-node bifurcation of periodic solutions inducing hysteresis loop. With the aid of center manifold reduction method and the Matlab Package DDE-Biftool, the location of Bautin and double Hopf points and detailed dynamics are theoretically determined. We find that, near these critical points, at most four coherent states (two of which are stable) and a stable incoherent state may coexist, and that the system undergoes Neimark-Sacker bifurcation of periodic solutions. Finally, the clear scenarios about the synchronous transition in delayed Kuramoto model are depicted.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Air Flight Over A City
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: War in art
Civil War (Spain : 1936-1939)

description: Drawing no: 56. Child's Age: 13. Dated December 13, 1937, 1o curso. Colony: Instituto Lagasca, Madrid, Spain. Stamp: Instituto Nacional de 2a enseñanza. Lagazca. Madrid. Secretaria.
D1.4 EOSC Portal SLA, SRM, Privacy Policy
Creators: name: Appleton, Owen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Service level agreements
EOSC

description: This document sets out a draft agreement structure for EOSC, focused on the EOSC portal but  accommodating the wider EOSC ecosystem. It suggests how agreements relate to one another, their structure, and some initial content. It then touches on the reporting resulting from these agreements, and on existing privacy polies for EOSC portal. These will be consulted on with the EOSC community in 2020 before implementation in 2021.
Hot molecular hydrogen in the central parsec of the Galaxy through near-infrared 3D fitting
Creators: name: Ciurlo, Anna
name: Paumard, Thibaut
name: Rouan, Daniel
name: Clénet, Yann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We have investigated neutral gas in the central cavity of the circumnuclear disk (CND) at the Galactic Center, where the ionized minispiral lies, to describe the H2 distribution and properties in this ionized environment. Methods. This study was carried out through a spectro-imaging data cube of the central cavity obtained with SPIFFI on the VLT. The observed field of view is 36"x 29" , with a spectral resolution R = 1 300 in the near-infrared. These observations cover several H2 lines. To preserve the spatial resolution and avoid edge effects, we applied a new line-fitting method that consists of a regularized 3D fitting. We also applied a more classical 1D fitting to compare the relative strength of the H2 lines. Results. We present high spatial and spectral resolution maps of the intensity, velocity, and width of five H2 lines and an extinction map derived from H2. Molecular gas is detected everywhere in the field. In particular, in addition to the known CND features, we detected an emission from the northern arm cloud and from the minicavity. The excitation diagrams allow us to estimate the temperature, mass, and density of these features. Conclusions. We interpret the CND emission as coming from a hot, thermalized, thin layer at the surface of the clouds. The observed H2 corresponds only to a small fraction of the total H2 mass. The emission remains fairly strong in the whole central cavity, but it is not thermalized. A strong deviation from thermal equilibrium is detected near the minicavity. We suggest that this emission is caused by constantly forming H2 that is destroyed again before it reaches ortho/para equilibrium.
Dynamic Impedance Spectroscopy of Nickel Hexacyanoferrate Thin Films
Creators: name: Erinmwingbovo, Collins
name: Koster, Dominique
name: Brogioli, Doriano
name: La Mantia, Fabio
Publisher: name: Universität Bremen
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: NiHCF thin films
subject: dynamic impedance spectroscopy
subject: dynamic multi-frequency analysis (DMFA)
subject: intercalation mechanism
subject: multi-sine excitation
subject: 540

description: Dynamic multi-frequency analysis (DMFA) is capable of acquiring high-quality frequency response of electrochemical systems under non-stationary conditions in a broad range of frequencies. In this work, we used DMFA to study the kinetics of (de-)intercalation of univalent cations (Na+ and K+) in thin films of nickel hexacyanoferrate (NiHCF) during cyclic voltammetry. For this system, the classic stationary electrochemical impedance spectroscopy fails due to the instability of the oxidized form of NiHCF. We are showing that such spectra can be fitted with a physical model described by a simple two-step intercalation mechanism: an adsorption step followed by an insertion step. The extracted kinetic parameters are depending on the state of charge as well on the nature of the inserted cation.