cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Splitting formulas for certain Waldhausen Nil-groups
Creators: name: Lafont, J. -F.
name: Ortiz, I. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a group G that splits as an amalgamation of A and B over a common subgroup C, there is an associated Waldhausen Nil-group, measuring the "failure" of Mayer-Vietoris for algebraic K-theory. Assume that (1) the amalgamation is acylindrical, and (2) the groups A,B,G satisfy the Farrell-Jones isomorphism conjecture. Then we show that the Waldhausen Nil-group splits as a direct sum of Nil-groups associated to certain (explicitly describable) infinite virtually cyclic subgroups of G. We note that a special case of an acylindrical amalgamation includes any amalgamation over a finite group C.
description: 12 pages
Groups and monoids of Pythagorean triples connected to conics
Creators: name: Abrate, Marco
name: Barbero, Stefano
name: Cerruti, Umberto
name: Murru, Nadir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define operations that give the set of all Pythagorean triples a structure of commutative monoid. In particular, we define these operations by using injections between integer triples and $3 \times 3$ matrices. Firstly, we completely characterize these injections that yield commutative monoids of integer triples. Secondly, we determine commutative monoids of Pythagorean triples characterizing some Pythagorean triple preserving matrices. Moreover, this study offers unexpectedly an original connection with groups over conics. Using this connection, we determine groups composed by Pythagorean triples with the studied operations.
SQCD Vacua and Geometrical Engineering
Creators: name: Tatar, Radu
name: Wetenhall, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the geometrical engineering constructions for the N = 1 SQCD vacua recently proposed by Giveon and Kutasov. After one T-duality, the geometries with wrapped D5 branes become N = 1 brane configurations with NS branes and D4 branes. The field theories encoded by the geometries contain extra massive adjoint fields for the flavor group. After performing a flop, the geometries contain branes, antibranes and branes wrapped on non-holomorphic cycles. The various tachyon condensations between pairs of wrapped D5 branes and anti D5 branes together with deformations of the cycles give rise to a variety of supersymmetric and metastable non-supersymmetric vacua.
description: 21 Pages, Latex, 8 Figures
Fluctuations of motifs and non self-averaging in complex networks. A self- vs non-self-averaging phase transition scenario
Creators: name: Ostilli, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex networks have been mostly characterized from the point of view of the degree distribution of their nodes and a few other motifs (or modules), with a special attention to triangles and cliques. The most exotic phenomena have been observed when the exponent $γ$ of the associated power law degree-distribution is sufficiently small. In particular, a zero percolation threshold takes place for $γ<3$, and an anomalous critical behavior sets in for $γ<5$. In this Letter we prove that in sparse scale-free networks characterized by a cut-off scaling with the sistem size $N$, relative fluctuations are actually never negligible: given a motif $Γ$, we analyze the relative fluctuations $R_Γ$ of the associated density of $Γ$, and we show that there exists an interval in $γ$, $[γ_1,γ_2]$, where $R_Γ$ does not go to zero in the thermodynamic limit, where $γ_1\approx k_{\mathrm{min}}$ and $γ_2\approx 2 k_{\mathrm{max}}$, $k_{\mathrm{min}}$ and $k_{\mathrm{max}}$ being the smallest and the largest degree of $Γ$, respectively. Remarkably, in $(γ_1,γ_2)$ $R_Γ$ diverges, implying the instability of $Γ$ to small perturbations.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
title: ADCO, Boursier de Cîteaux : comptes (1489-1493) (11 H 1166), f. 00157
Creators: name: de la Côte-d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CBMA/CG21/F.PETOT/2019
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: LaMOP
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: comptes

description: Boursier de Cîteaux : comptes (1489-1493), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1166). Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Boursier de Cîteaux : comptes (1489-1493), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, (11 H 1166), f. 00157, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi \[Ressource en ligne\], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
Limits on the Detection of Transients Imposed by Scattering
Creators: name: Macquart, Jean-Pierre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The author has recognized an error in the section of the text regarding induced Compton scattering. The paper has been withdrawn pending a revision to this section.
description: The author has recognized an error in the section of the text regarding induced Compton scattering, and the paper has been withdrawn pending a revised version to be posted later
Log-based directory resolution in the Coda File System
Creators: name: Puneet  Kumar
name: M  Satyanarayanan
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "Optimistic replication is an important technique for achieving high availability in distributed file systems. A key problem in optimistic replication is using semantic knowledge of objects to resolve concurrent updates from multiple partitions. In this paper, we describe how the Coda File System resolves partitioned updates to directories. The central result of our work is that logging of updates is a simple yet efficient and powerful technique for directory resolution in Unix file systems. Measurements from our implementation show that the time for resolution is typically within 10% of the time for performing the original set of partitioned updates.Analysis based on file traces from our environment indicate that a log size 2 MB per hour of partition should be ample for typical servers."
Extended HPV genotyping to compare hpv type distribution in self- And provider-collected samples for cervical cancer screening
Creators: name: Sivaraman, V.
name: O'Connor, S.
name: Nelson, J.A.E.
name: Gregory, S.M.
name: Baker, A.
name: Romocki, L.H.S.
name: Knittel, A.K.
name: Sanusi, B.
name: Edelman, C.
name: Schmitt, J.W.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Rohner, E.
name: Faherty, B.
name: Hudgens, M.G.
name: Rahangdale, L.
name: Chesko, K.
Publisher: name: American Association for Cancer Research Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Background: Primary high-risk human papillomavirus (hr- HPV) testing of self-collected cervico-vaginal swabs could increase cervical cancer screening coverage, although triage strategies are needed to reduce unnecessary colposcopies. We evaluated the use of extended hr-HPV genotyping of self-collected samples for cervical cancer screening. Methods: We recruited women ages 25-65 years at two colposcopy clinics in North Carolina between November 2016 and January 2019, and obtained self-collected cervico-vaginal samples, providercollected cervical samples, and cervical biopsies from all enrolled women. Self- and provider-collected samples were tested for 14 hr- HPV genotypes using the Onclarity Assay (Becton Dickinson). We calculated hr-HPV genotype-specific prevalence and assessed agreement between results in self- and provider-collected samples. We ranked the hr-HPV genotypes according to their positive predictive value (PPV) for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2 or higher (CIN2+). Results: A total of 314 women participated (median age, 36 years); 85 women (27%) had CIN2+. More women tested positive for any hr-HPV on self-collected (76%) than on provider- collected samples (70%; P = 0.009) with type-specific agreement ranging from substantial to almost perfect. HPV-16 was the most common genotype in self-collected (27%) and provider-collected samples (20%), and HPV-16 prevalence was higher in self- than provider-collected samples (P < 0.001). In self- and provider-collected samples, HPV-16 had the highest PPV for CIN2+ detection. Conclusions: Overall sensitivity for CIN2+ detection was similar for both sample types, but the higher HPV-16 prevalence in self-collected samples could result in increased colposcopy referral rates. Impact: Additional molecular markers might be helpful to improve the triage of women who are hr-HPV positive on selfcollected samples.
Parametric instability and wave turbulence driven by tidal excitation of internal waves
Creators: name: Reun, Thomas Le
name: Favier, Benjamin
name: Bars, Michael Le
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability of stratified fluid layers undergoing homogeneous and periodic tidal deformation. We first introduce a local model which allows to study velocity and buoyancy fluctuations in a Lagrangian domain periodically stretched and sheared by the tidal base flow. While keeping the key physical ingredients only, such a model is efficient to simulate planetary regimes where tidal amplitudes and dissipation are small. With this model, we prove that tidal flows are able to drive parametric subharmonic resonances of internal waves, in a way reminiscent of the elliptical instability in rotating fluids. The growth rates computed via Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) are in very good agreement with WKB analysis and Floquet theory. We also investigate the turbulence driven by this instability mechanism. With spatio-temporal analysis, we show that it is a weak internal wave turbulence occurring at small Froude and buoyancy Reynolds numbers. When the gap between the excitation and the Brunt-Väisälä frequencies is increased, the frequency spectrum of this wave turbulence displays a -2 power law reminiscent of the high-frequency branch of the Garett and Munk spectrum (Garrett & Munk 1979) which has been measured in the oceans. In addition, we find that the mixing efficiency is altered compared to what is computed in the context of DNS of stratified turbulence excited at small Froude and large buoyancy Reynolds numbers and is consistent with a superposition of waves.
description: Accepted for publication in Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 27 pages, 21 figures
Evaluating the implementation of cervical cancer screening programs in low-resource settings globally: a systematized review
Creators: name: Sy, A.
name: Marshall, E.
name: Dykens, J.A.
name: Schuh, T.
name: Peters, K.
name: Irwin, T.
name: Demment, M.
name: McIntosh, S.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Dye, T.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Purpose: Cervical cancer disproportionately burdens low-resource populations where access to quality screening services is limited. A greater understanding of sustainable approaches to implement cervical cancer screening services is needed. Methods: We conducted a systematized literature review of evaluations from cervical cancer screening programs implemented in resource-limited settings globally that included a formal evaluation and intention of program sustainment over time. We categorized the included studies using the continuum of implementation research framework which categorizes studies progressively from “implementation light” to more implementation intensive. Results: Fifty-one of 13,330 initially identified papers were reviewed with most study sites in low-resource settings of middle-income countries (94.1%) ,while 9.8% were in low-income countries. Across all studies, visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid (58.8%) was the most prevalent screening method followed by cytology testing (39.2%). Demand-side (client and community) considerations were reported in 86.3% of the articles, while 68.6% focused scientific inquiry on the supply side (health service). Eighteen articles (35.3%) were categorized as “Informing Scale-up” along the continuum of implementation research. Conclusions: The number of cervical cancer screening implementation reports is limited globally, especially in low-income countries. The 18 papers we classified as Informing Scale-up provide critical insights for developing programs relevant to implementation outcomes. We recommend that program managers report lessons learnt to build collective implementation knowledge for cervical cancer screening services, globally.
LOCI: Fast Outlier Detection Using the Local Correlation Integral
Creators: name: Papadimitriou, Spiros
name: Kitagawa, Hiroyuki
name: Gibbons, Phillip B
name: Faloutsos, Christos
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1979
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Outlier detection is an integral part of data mining and has attracted much attention recently [BKNS00, JTH01, KNT00]. In this paper, we propose a new method for evaluating outlier-ness, which we call the Local Correlation Integral (LOCI). As with the best previous methods, LOCI is highly effective for detecting outliers and groups of outliers (a.k.a. micro-clusters). In addition, it offers the following advantages and novelties: (a) It provides an automatic, data-dictated cut-off to determine whether a point is an outlier—in contrast, previous methods force users to pick cut-offs, without any hints as to what cut-off value is best for a given dataset. (b) It can provide a LOCI plot for each point; this plot summarizes a wealth of information about the data in the vicinity of the point, determining clusters, micro-clusters, their diameters and their inter-cluster distances. None of the existing outlier-detection methods can match this feature, because they output only a single number for each point: its outlierness score. (c) Our LOCI method can be computed as quickly as the best previous methods. (d) Moreover, LOCI leads to a practically linear approximate method, aLOCI (for approximate LOCI), which provides fast highly-accurate outlier detection. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to use approximate computations to speed up outlier detection. Experiments on synthetic and real world data sets show that LOCI and aLOCI can automatically detect outliers and micro-clusters, without user-required cut-offs, and that they quickly spot both expected and unexpected outliers.
Incidence and clearance of penile human papillomavirus infection among circumcised Kenyan men
Creators: name: Backes, D.M.
name: Opiyo, F.
name: Snijders, P.J.F.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Fokar, A.
name: Moses, S.
name: Bailey, R.C.
name: Agot, K.
name: Hudgens, M.G.
name: Bosire, C.
name: Meijer, C.J.L.M.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Prospective data are limited on human papillomavirus (HPV) acquisition and clearance among circumcised men from resource-limited geographical regions, particularly Africa. The goal of this study was to estimate incidence and clearance of type-specific genital HPV infection in men. Penile exfoliated cell specimens were collected from the glans/coronal sulcus and shaft of 1,037 circumcised Kenyan men at baseline and 6-, 12- and 18-month follow-up visits between 2003–2007. Specimens were tested with GP5+/6+ PCR to detect 44 HPV types. The median age of participants at baseline was 21 years (range 18–28). The 12- and 18-month incidence rates (IRs) for any HPV were 34.9/100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.2–39.0) and 36.4/100 person-years (95% CI: 32.9–40.2), respectively. The 18-month cumulative risk for high-risk HPV was 30% compared to 16% for low-risk HPV. Cumulative risk was not associated with age or anatomical site. The estimated probability of any HPV infection clearing by 12 months was 0.92. Time until HPV clearance was not associated with age, anatomical site, or whether HPV infection type was high-risk or low-risk. HPV IRs among circumcised men in this study were comparable to other circumcised populations.
Overcoming barriers to adolescent vaccination: perspectives from vaccine providers in North Carolina
Creators: name: Islam, J.Y.
name: Vielot, N.A.
name: Sanusi, B.
name: Myers, J.
name: Meadows, B.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Smith, S.
name: Brewer, N.T.
Publisher: name: Routledge
Year: 2020

description: To capture strategies for achieving high adolescent coverage of tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis (Tdap), meningococcal conjugate (MenACWY), and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, we surveyed employees of 20 North Carolina (N.C.) clinics that achieved adolescent vaccination coverage higher than the state average. One employee per clinic completed a surveysummarizing clinic practices regarding adolescent vaccination; perceived barriers and facilitators to Tdap/MenACWY/HPV vaccination; and the role of “champions” who made special efforts to promote adolescent vaccination. Common perceived barriers for all vaccinations were parental opposition and logistical barriers to receiving vaccination. For HPV vaccination, employees cited parental concerns about sexual behavior and injection site pain; no school vaccination requirement; and low-perceived benefit in boys. Most clinics (80%) implemented successful changes to increase adolescent vaccination: consistently offering vaccination, tracking vaccination status using existing data, providing appointment reminders, updating providers on vaccination recommendations, and expanding vaccination hours. Strategies to improve HPV vaccination included co-administration with Tdap and MenACWY, and providing reminders to complete the vaccination series. Vaccine champions strongly recommended vaccination to parents (55%) and educated parents on vaccination recommendations (36%). Clinics in N.C.and similar settings can implement these and other low-resource strategies to overcome adolescent vaccination barriers. Abbreviations: CDC=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; EHR=Electronic health record; HPV=Human papillomavirus; Tdap=Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine; MenACWY=Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccine; NCIB=North Carolina Immunization Branch; NCIR=North Carolina Immunization Registry; ACIP=Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
High-risk Human Papillomavirus Messenger RNA Testing in Wet and Dry Self-collected Specimens for High-grade Cervical Lesion Detection in Mombasa, Kenya
Creators: name: Hudgens, M.G.
name: McClelland, R.S.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Mutua, M.M.
name: Olshan, A.F.
name: Manguro, G.
name: Poole, C.
name: Wheeler, S.B.
name: Islam, J.Y.
name: Kabare, E.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2020

description: Background Self-collection for high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) messenger RNA (mRNA) testing may improve cervical cancer screening. High-risk HPV mRNA with self-collected specimens stored dry could enhance feasibility and acceptance of specimen collection and storage; however, its performance is unknown. We compared the performance of hr-HPV mRNA testing with dry- A s compared with wet-stored self-collected specimens for detecting high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or more severe (≥HSIL). Methods A total of 400 female sex workers in Kenya participated (2013-2018), of which 50% were HIV positive based on enrollment procedures. Participants provided 2 self-collected specimens: One stored dry (sc-DRY) using a Viba brush (Rovers) and one stored wet (sc-WET) with Aptima media (Hologic) using an Evalyn brush (Rovers). Physician-collected specimens were collected for HPV mRNA testing (Aptima) and conventional cytology. We estimated test characteristics for each hr-HPV screening method using conventional cytology as the reference standard (≥HSIL detection). We also examined participant preference for sc-DRY and sc-WET collection. Results High-risk HPV mRNA positivity was higher in sc-WET (36.8%) than sc-DRY samples (31.8%). Prevalence of ≥HSIL was 6.9% (10.3% HIV positive, 4.0% HIV negative). Sensitivity of hr-HPV mRNA for detecting ≥HSIL was similar in sc-WET (85%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 66%-96%), sc-DRY specimens (78%; 95% CI, 58%-91%), and physician-collected specimens (93%; 95% CI, 76%-99%). Overall, the specificity of hr-HPV mRNA for ≥HSIL detection was similar when comparing sc-WET with physician collection. However, specificity was lower for sc-WET (66% [61%-71%]) than sc-DRY (71% [66%-76%]). Women preferred sc-DRY specimen collection (46.1%) compared with sc-WET (31.1%). However, more women preferred physician collection (63.9%) compared with self-collection (36.1%). Conclusions Self-collected stored-dry specimens seemed to perform similarly to sc-WET for the detection of ≥HSIL. © 2020 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Use of MESSENGER radioscience data to improve planetary ephemeris and to test general relativity
Creators: name: Verma, Ashok
name: Fienga, Agnes
name: Laskar, Jacques
name: Manche, Herve
name: Gastineau, Mickael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current knowledge of Mercury orbit has mainly been gained by direct radar ranging obtained from the 60s to 1998 and by five Mercury flybys made by Mariner 10 in the 70s, and MESSENGER made in 2008 and 2009. On March 18, 2011, MESSENGER became the first spacecraft to orbit Mercury. The radioscience observations acquired during the orbital phase of MESSENGER drastically improved our knowledge of the orbit of Mercury. An accurate MESSENGER orbit is obtained by fitting one-and-half years of tracking data using GINS orbit determination software. The systematic error in the Earth-Mercury geometric positions, also called range bias, obtained from GINS are then used to fit the INPOP dynamical modeling of the planet motions. An improved ephemeris of the planets is then obtained, INPOP13a, and used to perform general relativity tests of PPN-formalism. Our estimations of PPN parameters (beta and gamma?) are more stringent than previous results.
description: Accepted by A&A
Microscopically-based energy density functionals for nuclei using the density matrix expansion: Full optimization and validation
Creators: name: Perez, R. Navarro
name: Schunck, N.
name: Dyhdalo, A.
name: Furnstahl, R. J.
name: Bogner, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We seek to obtain a usable form of the nuclear energy density functional that is rooted in the modern theory of nuclear forces. We thus consider a functional obtained from the density matrix expansion of local nuclear potentials from chiral effective field theory. We propose a parametrization of this functional carefully calibrated and validated on selected ground-state properties that is suitable for large-scale calculations of nuclear properties. The first component of this functional is a non-local functional of the density and corresponds to the direct part (Hartree term) of the expectation value of local chiral potentials on a Slater determinant. A second component is a local functional of the density and is obtained by applying the density matrix expansion to the exchange part (Fock term) of the expectation value of the local chiral potential. We apply the UNEDF2 optimization protocol to determine the coupling constants of this energy functional. We obtain a set of microscopically-constrained functionals for local chiral potentials from leading-order up to next-to-next-to-leading order with and without three-body forces and contributions from $Δ$ excitations. These functionals are validated on the calculation of nuclear and neutron matter, nuclear mass tables, single-particle shell structure in closed-shell nuclei and the fission barrier of $^{240}$Pu. Quantitatively, they perform noticeable better than the more phenomenological Skyrme functionals. The inclusion of higher-order terms in the chiral perturbation expansion seems to produce a systematic improvement in predicting nuclear binding energies. This result is especially promising since all the fits have been performed at the single reference level of the energy density functional approach, where important collective correlations such as center-of-mass correction have not been taken into account yet.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures
Test accuracy of human papillomavirus in urine for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Creators: name: Sivaraman, V.
name: Rohner, E.
name: Faherty, B.
name: Knittel, A.K.
name: Nelson, J.A.E.
name: Rahangdale, L.
name: Tulenko, S.E.
name: Vaughan, L.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Schmitt, J.W.
name: Sanusi, B.
name: Chesko, K.
name: Romocki, L.S.
Publisher: name: American Society for Microbiology
Year: 2020

description: The objective was to assess the diagnostic test accuracy of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) testing of self-collected urine and cervicovaginal samples for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or higher (CIN2+). We recruited a convenience sample of women 25 to 65 years of age who were undergoing clinically indicated colposcopy at two medical centers in North Carolina between November 2016 and January 2019. Women with normal cytology results and positive hrHPV results were also recruited. Urine samples, self-collected cervicovaginal samples, provider-collected cervical samples, and cervical biopsy samples were obtained from all enrolled women. Samples were tested for hrHPV DNA using the Onclarity assay (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD). Biopsy samples were histologically graded as CIN2+ or <CIN2. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity for detection of CIN2+ and assessed agreement between sample collection methods. We included 307 women (median age, 36 years) with valid histology results and triplematched urine, self-collected cervicovaginal, and provider-collected cervical hrHPV results; 83 women (27%) had CIN2+. Urine-based hrHPV testing correctly identified 80% of CIN2+ cases (95% confidence interval [CI], 71 to 88%) using the PCR cycle threshold (CT) established for provider-collected cervical samples, but sensitivity remained below the estimates for self-collected cervicovaginal and provider-collected cervical samples (both 94% [95% CI, 89 to 99%]). Using a higher CT cutoff value of ≤40, 90% sensitivity was achieved for urine-based hrHPV testing. Agreement between results for urine samples and self-collected cervicovaginal samples (kappa = 0.58) or provider-collected cervical samples (kappa = 0.54) was moderate. Urinebased hrHPV testing may be a promising approach to improve cervical cancer screening coverage, especially among women with limited access to health care.
DeepPap: Deep Convolutional Networks for Cervical Cell Classification
Creators: name: Zhang, Ling
name: Lu, Le
name: Nogues, Isabella
name: Summers, Ronald M.
name: Liu, Shaoxiong
name: Yao, Jianhua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automation-assisted cervical screening via Pap smear or liquid-based cytology (LBC) is a highly effective cell imaging based cancer detection tool, where cells are partitioned into "abnormal" and "normal" categories. However, the success of most traditional classification methods relies on the presence of accurate cell segmentations. Despite sixty years of research in this field, accurate segmentation remains a challenge in the presence of cell clusters and pathologies. Moreover, previous classification methods are only built upon the extraction of hand-crafted features, such as morphology and texture. This paper addresses these limitations by proposing a method to directly classify cervical cells - without prior segmentation - based on deep features, using convolutional neural networks (ConvNets). First, the ConvNet is pre-trained on a natural image dataset. It is subsequently fine-tuned on a cervical cell dataset consisting of adaptively re-sampled image patches coarsely centered on the nuclei. In the testing phase, aggregation is used to average the prediction scores of a similar set of image patches. The proposed method is evaluated on both Pap smear and LBC datasets. Results show that our method outperforms previous algorithms in classification accuracy (98.3%), area under the curve (AUC) (0.99) values, and especially specificity (98.3%), when applied to the Herlev benchmark Pap smear dataset and evaluated using five-fold cross-validation. Similar superior performances are also achieved on the HEMLBC (H&E stained manual LBC) dataset. Our method is promising for the development of automation-assisted reading systems in primary cervical screening.
The Efficiency of Grain Alignment in Dense Interstellar Clouds: A Reassessment of Constraints from Near Infrared Polarization
Creators: name: Whittet, D. C. B.
name: Hough, J. H.
name: Lazarian, A.
name: Hoang, Thiem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A detailed study of interstellar polarization efficiency toward molecular clouds is used to attempt discrimination between grain alignment mechanisms in dense regions of the ISM. Background field stars are used to probe polarization efficiency in quiescent regions of dark clouds, yielding a dependence on visual extinction well-represented by a power law. No significant change in this behavior is observed in the transition region between the diffuse outer layers and dense inner regions of clouds, where icy mantles are formed, and we conclude that mantle formation has little or no effect on the efficiency of grain alignment. Young stellar objects generally exhibit greater polarization efficiency compared with field stars at comparable extinctions, displaying enhancements by factors of up to 6. Of the proposed alignment mechanisms, that based on radiative torques appears best able to explain the data. The attenuated external radiation field accounts for the observed polarization in quiescent regions, and radiation from the embedded stars themselves may enhance alignment in the lines of sight to YSOs. Enhancements in polarization efficiency observed in the ice features toward several YSOs are of greatest significance, as they demonstrate efficient alignment in cold molecular clouds associated with star formation.
Constraints on small-scale primordial power by annihilation signals from extragalactic dark matter minihalos
Creators: name: Nakama, Tomohiro
name: Suyama, Teruaki
name: Kohri, Kazunori
name: Hiroshima, Nagisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit constraints on small-scale primordial power from annihilation signals from dark matter minihalos. Using gamma rays and neutrinos from extragalactic minihalos and assuming the delta-function primordial spectrum, we show the dependence of the constraints on annihilation modes, the mass of dark matter, and the annihilation cross section. We report both conservative constraints by assuming minihalos are fully destructed when becoming part of halos originating from the standard almost-scale invariant primordial spectrum, and optimistic constraints by neglecting destruction.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
title: A first estimate of the baryonic mass function of galaxies
Creators: name: Bell, EF
name: McIntosh, DH
name: Katz, N
name: Weinberg, MD
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: galaxies : general
subject: galaxies : ISM
subject: galaxies : luminosity function
subject: mass function
subject: galaxies : stellar content
subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: This is a pre-published version which is collected from arXiv link. The published version is at http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-4357/585/2/L117?fromSearchPage=true
description: We estimate the baryonic (stellar+cold gas) mass function of galaxies in the local universe by assigning a complete sample of Two Micron All Sky Survey and Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxies a gas fraction based on a statistical sample of the entire population, under the assumption of a universally applicable stellar initial mass function. The baryonic mass function is similar to the stellar mass function at the high-mass end and has a reasonably steep faint-end slope owing to the typically high cold gas fractions and low stellar mass-to-light ratios characteristic of low-mass galaxies. The Schechter function fit parameters are phi*h-3 = 0.0108(6) Mpc-3 log M-1, M*h2 = 5.3(3) × 1010 Msun, and α = -1.21(5), with formal error estimates given in parentheses. We show that the H I and H2 mass functions derived using this indirect route are in agreement with direct estimates, validating our indirect method. Integrating under the baryonic mass function and incorporating all sources of uncertainty, we find that the baryonic (stellar+cold gas) mass density implied by this estimate is Ωcold baryonh = 2.4img1.gif × 10-3, or 8img2.gif% of the big bang nucleosynthesis expectation.
Location-based node IDs : enabling explicit locality in DHTs
Creators: name: Shuheng  Zhou
name: Ganger, Gregory R.
name: Steenkiste, Peter Alfons.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Abstract: "Current peer-to-peer systems based on DHTs struggle with routing locality and content locality because of random node ID assignment. To address these issues, we promote the use of location-based node IDs to encode physical topology and improve routing. This gives applications explicit knowledge about and control over data locality at a coarse-grain. Applications can place content in particular regions or route towards a close replica. Schemes to address the difficulties that ensue, particularly load imbalance, are discussed."
Association of State Legislation of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination with Vaccine Uptake Among Adolescents in the United States
Creators: name: Vielot, N.A.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Trogdon, J.G.
name: Butler, A.M.
name: Eyler, A.
name: Ramadas, R.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: We assessed the association of state legislation with adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates in states that legislated information dissemination or administration of HPV vaccination. Using insurance claims, we calculated monthly HPV vaccination rates (November 2009–December 2017) among adolescents in states that passed HPV vaccination legislation during that period: Missouri (July 2010), Kentucky (February 2012), Indiana (March 2013), Oregon (June 2013). We used segmented regression to estimate levels and trends of HPV vaccination rates, comparing pre-legislation to post-legislation segments, adjusting for seasonal vaccination patterns and changes to the vaccination recommendation among males during the study period. Indiana’s legislation allowed pharmacists to administer HPV vaccination; legislation in Kentucky, Missouri, and Oregon included provisions HPV and cervical cancer education. No statistically significant increases in HPV vaccination levels or trends were observed in the post-legislation segments among adolescents overall; however, a significant post-legislation increase in vaccination trends was observed among boys in Missouri (β = 0.16, p = 0.03). Evidence for a positive impact of legislation on HPV vaccination rates is limited. The scarcity of policies that directly facilitate or promote HPV vaccination, and the breadth of exemptions to school vaccination requirements, may limit the effectiveness of these policies. Continuing efforts to introduce and pass legislation that directly facilitates HPV vaccination, combined with promoting existing evidence-based interventions, can provide opportunities to identify the most effective strategies to increase adolescent HPV vaccination rates.
Nuclear interactions with modern three-body forces lead to the instability of neutron matter and neutron stars
Creators: name: Gridnev, Dmitry K.
name: Schramm, Stefan
name: Greiner, Walter
name: Gridnev, Konstantin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that the neutron matter interacting through Argonne V18 pair-potential plus modern variants of Urbana or Illinois three-body forces is unstable. For the energy of $N$ neutrons $E(N)$, which interact through these forces, we prove mathematically that $E(N) = -cN^3 + \mathcal{O}(N^{8/3})$, where $c>0$ is a constant. This means that: (i) the energy per particle and neutron density diverge rapidly for large neutron numbers; (ii) bound states of $N$ neutrons exist for $N$ large enough. The neutron matter collapse is possible due to the form of the repulsive core in three-body forces, which vanishes when three nucleons occupy the same site in space. The old variant of the forces Urbana VI, where the phenomenological repulsive core does not vanish at the origin, resolves this problem. We prove that to prevent the collapse one should add a repulsive term to the Urbana IX potential, which should be larger than 50 MeV when 3 nucleons occupy the same spatial position.
Reasons for hormonal contraceptive use in a cohort of African-American women living in the Detroit area
Creators: name: Jonsson Funk, M.
name: Harmon, Q.E.
name: Hudgens, M.G.
name: Baird, D.D.
name: Nicholson, W.K.
name: Poole, C.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Hoffman, S.R.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Objectives: To characterize reasons for hormonal contraceptive (HC) use in 1,455 African-American women, aged 23–35 years. Study design: The community-based cohort members were recruited from the Detroit, Michigan area in 2010–2012. HC history was collected via telephone interview. Results: Seven percent reported HC use exclusively for non-contraceptive purposes, and 49% reported non-contraceptive reasons in addition to contraception. Non-contraceptive reasons were reported for all HC types, but were most common for combined oral contraceptives. Primary reasons were for irregular cycles, heavy bleeding, and pain. Conclusions: In this large cohort of Black women, HC use to treat menstrual problems was common. Implications: HCs were commonly used for both pregnancy prevention and management of menstrual symptoms, but some women used HCs exclusively for menstrual symptom relief. The importance for women of non-contraceptive reasons for HC use may not be adequately recognized, and published data on Black women's reasons for HC use remain limited.
Neutron Transfer Reactions for Deformed Nuclei Using Sturmian Basis States
Creators: name: Gueorguiev, V. G.
name: Escher, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin-parity distribution P(J$^π$,E) of $^{156}$Gd excited states above the neutron separation energy $S_{n}=8.536$ MeV \cite{156Gd_list_of_levels} that are expected to be populated via the 1-step neutron pickup reaction $^{157}$Gd($^{3}$He,$^{4}$He)$^{156}$Gd. In analogy with the rotor plus particle model \cite{Bohr&Mottelson-II}, we view excited states in $^{156}$Gd as rotational excitations built on intrinsic states consisting of a neutron hole in the $^{157}$Gd core, that is, a neutron removal from a deformed Woods-Saxon type single-particle state \cite{Woods-Saxon:1954} in $^{157}$Gd. The particle-core interaction usually dominated by a Coriolis coupling are accounted via first order perturbation theory \cite{VGGueorguiev:07062002}. The reaction cross section to each excited state in $^{156}$Gd is calculated as coherent contribution using a standard reaction code \cite{CHUCK} based on spherical basis states. The spectroscopic factor associated with each state is the expansion coefficient of the deformed neutron state in a spherical Sturmian basis along with the spherical form factors \cite{VGGueorguiev:07062002}. The total cross section, as a function of the excitation energy, is generated using Lorentzian smearing distribution function. Our calculations show that, within the assumptions and computational modeling, the reaction $^{3}$He+$^{157}$Gd $\rightarrow$ $^{4}$He+$^{156}$Gd$^{\star}$ has a smooth formation probability P(J$^π$,E) within the energy range relevant to the desired reaction $^{155}$Gd+n $\rightarrow$ $^{156}$Gd$^{\star}$. The formation probability P(J$^π$,E) resembles a Gaussian distribution with centroids and widths that differ for positive and negative parity states.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to the International Workshop "Shapes and Dynamics of Atomic Nuclei: Contemporary Aspects" (SDANCA-17), 5-7 October 2017, Sofia, Bulgaria, http://ntl.inrne.bas.bg/events/sdanca17/, Contributions Published in Bulgarian Journal of Physics, ISSN 1310-0157, http://www.bjp-bg.com/papers.php?year=2017&vol=44&issue=4
Effects of galaxy-halo alignment and adiabatic contraction on gravitational lens statistics
Creators: name: Minor, Quinn E.
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the strong gravitational lens statistics of triaxial cold dark matter (CDM) halos occupied by central early-type galaxies. We calculate the image separation distribution for double, cusp and quad configurations. The ratios of image multiplicities at large separations are consistent with the triaxial NFW model, and at small separations are consistent with the singular isothermal ellipsoid (SIE) model. At all separations, the total lensing probability is enhanced by adiabatic contraction. If no adiabatic contraction is assumed, naked cusp configurations become dominant at approximately 2.5'', which is inconsistent with the data. We also show that at small-to-moderate separations, the image multiplicities depend sensitively on the alignment of the shapes of the luminous and dark matter projected density profiles. In constrast to other properties that affect these ratios, the degree of alignment does not have a significant effect on the total lensing probability. These correlations may therefore be constrained by comparing the theoretical image separation distribution to a sufficiently large lens sample from future wide and deep sky surveys such as Pan-Starrs, LSST and JDEM. Understanding the correlations in the shapes of galaxies and their dark matter halo is important for future weak lensing surveys.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Generating Handwritten Chinese Characters using CycleGAN
Creators: name: Chang, Bo
name: Zhang, Qiong
name: Pan, Shenyi
name: Meng, Lili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Handwriting of Chinese has long been an important skill in East Asia. However, automatic generation of handwritten Chinese characters poses a great challenge due to the large number of characters. Various machine learning techniques have been used to recognize Chinese characters, but few works have studied the handwritten Chinese character generation problem, especially with unpaired training data. In this work, we formulate the Chinese handwritten character generation as a problem that learns a mapping from an existing printed font to a personalized handwritten style. We further propose DenseNet CycleGAN to generate Chinese handwritten characters. Our method is applied not only to commonly used Chinese characters but also to calligraphy work with aesthetic values. Furthermore, we propose content accuracy and style discrepancy as the evaluation metrics to assess the quality of the handwritten characters generated. We then use our proposed metrics to evaluate the generated characters from CASIA dataset as well as our newly introduced Lanting calligraphy dataset.
description: Accepted at WACV 2018
Persuasive messaging for human papillomavirus vaccination by adolescent providers in a five-country multi-site study
Creators: name: Peris, M.
name: Morgan, K.
name: Rwamwejo, J.
name: Kim, C.J.
name: Richter, K.
name: Smith, J.S.
name: Ramos, S.
Publisher: name: BMJ Publishing Group
Year: 2019

description: Objective Strong persuasive messaging by providers is a key predictor for patient acceptance of prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccination. We aimed to determine optimal messaging to promote human papillomavirus adolescent vaccination across different geographical sites. Methods Adolescent providers (n = 151) from Argentina, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, and Spain were surveyed on messages, family decision makers, and sources of communication to best motivate parents to vaccinate their adolescent daughters overall, and against human papillomavirus. Multivariate logistic regression assessed the likelihood of recommending messages specifically targeted at cervical cancer with providers' characteristics: gender, medical specialization, and previous administration of human papillomavirus vaccination. Results Mothers were considered the most important human papillomavirus vaccination decision makers for their daughters (range 93%-100%). Television was cited as the best source of information on human papillomavirus vaccination in surveyed countries (range 56.5%-87.1%), except Spain where one-on-one discussions were most common (73.3%). Prevention messages were considered the most likely to motivate parents to vaccinate their daughters overall, and against human papillomavirus, in all five countries (range 30.8%-55.9%). Optimal messages emphasized cervical cancer prevention, and included strong provider recommendation to vaccinate, vaccine safety and efficacy, timely vaccination, and national policy for human papillomavirus vaccination. Pediatricians and obstetricians/gynecologists were more likely to cite that the best prevention messages should focus on cervical cancer (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 1.17 to 15.02 vs other medical specialists). Conclusions Provider communication messages that would motivate parents to vaccinate against human papillomavirus were based on strong recommendation emphasizing prevention of cervical cancer. To frame convincing messages to increase vaccination uptake, adolescent providers should receive updated training on human papillomavirus and associated cancers, while clearly addressing human papillomavirus vaccination safety and efficacy.