cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dynamical critical exponent of the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model
Creators: name: Hohenadler, M.
name: Aichhorn, M.
name: Schmidt, S.
name: Pollet, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An array of high-Q electromagnetic resonators coupled to qubits gives rise to the Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model describing a superfluid to Mott insulator transition of lattice polaritons. From mean-field and strong coupling expansions, the critical properties of the model are expected to be identical to the scalar Bose-Hubbard model. A recent Monte Carlo study of the superfluid density on the square lattice suggested that this does not hold for the fixed-density transition through the Mott lobe tip. Instead, mean-field behavior with a dynamical critical exponent z=2 was found. We perform large-scale quantum Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the critical behavior of the superfluid density and the compressibility. We find z=1 at the tip of the insulating lobe. Hence the transition falls in the 3D XY universality class, analogous to the Bose-Hubbard model.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures. To appear as a Rapid Communication in Phys. Rev. A
Modeling the broadband emission of Fermi/LAT GRB 090902B
Creators: name: Liu, Ruo-Yu
name: Wang, Xiang-Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: GRB 090902B, detected by Fermi Large Array Telescope (Fermi/LAT), shows extend high-energy emission (>100 MeV) up to 10^3 s after the burst, which decays with time in a power-law as t^{-1.5}. It has been also observed by several follow-up low-energy instruments, including an early optical detection around 5000 s after the burst. The optical emission at early time decays faster than t^{-1.6}, which has been suspected to originate from the reverse shock. We here explore the models that can possibly explain the the broadband afterglow emission of GRB 090902B. We find that the reverse shock model for the early optical emission would overpredict the radio afterglow flux that is inconsistent with observations. A partially radiative blast wave model, which though is able to produce a sufficiently steep decay slope, can not explain the broadband data of GRB 090902B. The two-component jet model, which consists of a narrow and bright jet component in the core and a surrounding wider and less energetic jet component, is shown to be able to explain the broadband afterglow data, including the LAT high-energy data after ~50 s and low-energy (radio, optical and X-ray) afterglow data. The early-time high-energy emission detected by LAT before ~50 s is likely due to internal origin as that of the sub-MeV emission. The highest energy (33 GeV) photon of GRB090902B detected at 80 s can be marginally accommodated within the forward shock emission under the optimistic condition that electrons are accelerated by the Bohm diffusive shock.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ (minor changes, references updated), 11 pages (emulateapj style), 4 figures
Electronic Raman response in electron-doped cuprate superconductors
Creators: name: Geng, Zhihao
name: Feng, Shiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electronic Raman response in the electron-doped cuprate superconductors is studied based on the $t$-$t'$-$J$ model. It is shown that although the domelike shape of the doping dependent peak energy in the $B_{2g}$ symmetry is a common feature for both electron-doped and hole-doped cuprate superconductors, there are pronounced deviations from a cubic response in the $B_{1g}$ channel and a linear response in the $B_{2g}$ channel for the electron-doped case in the low energy limit. It is also shown that these pronounced deviations are mainly caused by a nonmonotonic d-wave gap in the electron-doped cuprate superconductors.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, added discussions and references, accepted for publication in Physics Letters A
On the critical behavior of the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model on a square lattice
Creators: name: Tomé, Tânia
name: Ziff, Robert M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By means of numerical simulations and epidemic analysis, the transition point of the stochastic, asynchronous Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model on a square lattice is found to be c_0=0.1765005(10), where c is the probability a chosen infected site spontaneously recovers rather than tries to infect one neighbor. This point corresponds to an infection/recovery rate of lambda_c = (1-c_0)/c_0 = 4.66571(3) and a net transmissibility of (1-c_0)/(1 + 3 c_0) = 0.538410(2), which falls between the rigorous bounds of the site and bond thresholds. The critical behavior of the model is consistent with the 2-d percolation universality class, but local growth probabilities differ from those of dynamic percolation cluster growth, as is demonstrated explicitly.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication, Physical Review E
Observation of scale invariance and universality in two-dimensional Bose gases
Creators: name: Hung, Chen-Lung
name: Zhang, Xibo
name: Gemelke, Nathan
name: Chin, Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The collective behavior of a many-body system near a continuous phase transition is insensitive to the details of its microscopic physics[1]. Characteristic features near the phase transition are that the thermodynamic observables follow generalized scaling laws[1]. The Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) phase transition[2,3] in two-dimensional (2D) Bose gases presents a particularly interesting case because the marginal dimensionality and intrinsic scaling symmetry[4] result in a broad fluctuation regime which manifests itself in an extended range of universal scaling behavior. Studies on BKT transition in cold atoms have stimulated great interest in recent years[5-10], clear demonstration of a critical behavior near the phase transition, however, has remained an elusive goal. Here we report the observation of a scale-invariant, universal behavior of 2D gases through in-situ density and density fluctuation measurements at different temperatures and interaction strengths. The extracted thermodynamic functions confirm a wide universal region near the BKT phase transition, provide a sensitive test to the universality prediction by classical-field theory[11,12] and quantum Monte Carlo (MC) calculations[13], and point toward growing density-density correlations in the fluctuation region. Our assay raises new perspectives to explore further universal phenomena in the realm of classical and quantum critical physics.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Nature
Auger de-excitation of metastable molecules at metallic surfaces
Creators: name: Marbach, Johannes
name: Bronold, Franz Xaver
name: Fehske, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study secondary electron emission from metallic surfaces due to Auger de-excitation of diatomic metastable molecules. Our approach is based on an effective model for the two active electrons involved in the process -- a molecular electron described by a linear combination of atomic orbitals when it is bound and a two-center Coulomb wave when it is not and a metal electron described by the eigenfunctions of a step potential -- and employs Keldysh Green's functions. Solving the Dyson equation for the retarded Green's function by exponential resummation we are able to treat time-nonlocal self-energies and to avoid the wide-band approximation.Results are presented for the de-excitation of \NitrogenDominantMetastableState\ on aluminum and tungsten and discussed in view of previous experimental and theoretical investigations. We find quantitative agreement with experimental data for tungsten indicating that the effective model captures the physics of the process quite well. For aluminum we predict secondary electron emission due to Auger de-excitation to be one to two orders of magnitude smaller than the one found for resonant charge-transfer and subsequent auto-detachment.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, revised version using an improved single-electron basis
Thermal duality and non-singular cosmology in d-dimensional superstrings
Creators: name: Kounnas, Costas
name: Partouche, Herve
name: Toumbas, Nicolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We are presenting the basic ingredients of a stringy mechanism able to resolve both the Hagedorn instabilities of finite temperature superstrings as well as the initial singularity of the induced cosmology in arbitrary dimensions. These are shown to be generic in a large class of (4,0) type II superstring vacua, where non-trivial "gravito-magnetic" fluxes lift the Hagedorn instabilities of the thermal ensemble and the temperature duality symmetry is restored. This symmetry implies a universal maximal critical temperature. In all such models there are three characteristic regimes, each with a distinct effective field theory description: Two dual asymptotically cold regimes associated with the light thermal momentum and light thermal winding states, and the intermediate regime where additional massless thermal states appear. The partition function exhibits a conical structure as a function of the thermal modulus, irrespective of the space-time dimension. Thanks to asymptotic right-moving supersymmetry, the genus-1 partition function is well-approximated by that of massless thermal radiation in all of the three effective field theory regimes. The resulting time-evolution describes a bouncing cosmology connecting, via spacelike branes, a contracting thermal "winding" Universe to an expanding thermal "momentum" Universe, free of any essential curvature singularities. The string coupling remains perturbative throughout the cosmological evolution. Bouncing cosmologies are presented for both zero and negative spatial curvature.
description: 39+1 pages, 2 figures
Topologically Protected Zero Modes in Twisted Bilayer Graphene
Creators: name: de Gail, R.
name: Goerbig, M. O.
name: Guinea, F.
name: Montambaux, G.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the twisted graphene bilayer can reveal unusual topological properties at low energies, as a consequence of a Dirac-point splitting. These features rely on a symmetry analysis of the electron hopping between the two layers of graphene and we derive a simplified effective low-energy Hamiltonian which captures the essential topological properties of twisted bilayer graphene. The corresponding Landau levels peculiarly reveal a degenerate zero-energy mode which cannot be lifted by strong magnetic fields.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; published version
Oscillating Bispectra and Galaxy Clustering: A Novel Probe of Inflationary Physics with Large-Scale Structure
Creators: name: Cyr-Racine, Francis-Yan
name: Schmidt, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many models of inflation predict oscillatory features in the bispectrum of primordial fluctuations. Since it has been shown that primordial non-Gaussianity can lead to a scale-dependent halo bias, we investigate the effect of oscillations in the three-point function on the clustering of dark-matter halos. Interestingly, we find that features in the inflaton potential such as oscillations or sharp steps get imprinted in the mass dependence of the non-Gaussian halo bias. In this paper, we focus on models displaying a sharp feature in the inflaton potential as well as Resonant non-Gaussianity. In both cases, we find a strong scale dependence for the non-Gaussian halo bias with a slope similar to that of the local model. In the resonant case, we find that the non-Gaussian bias oscillates with halo mass, a novel feature that is unique to this type of models. In the case of a sharp feature in the inflaton potential, we find that the clustering of halos is enhanced at the mass scale corresponding to the Fourier mode that exited the horizon when the inflaton was crossing the feature in the potential. Both of these are new effects that open the possibility of characterizing the inflationary potential with large-scale-structure surveys. We briefly discuss the prospects for detecting these non-Gaussian effects.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures; v2 matching published version
The cavity method for quantum disordered systems: from transverse random field ferromagnets to directed polymers in random media
Creators: name: Dimitrova, Olga
name: Mezard, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After reviewing the basics of the cavity method in classical systems, we show how its quantum version, with some appropriate approximation scheme, can be used to study a system of spins with random ferromagnetic interactions and a random transverse field. The quantum cavity equations describing the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition can be transformed into the well-known problem of a classical directed polymer in a random medium. The glass transition of this polymer problem translates ino the existence of a `Griffith phase' close to the quantum phase transition of the quantum spin problem, where the physics is dominated by rare events.
Influence of vortices and phase fluctuations on thermoelectric transport properties of superconductors in a magnetic field
Creators: name: Andersson, Andreas
name: Lidmar, Jack
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study heat transport and thermoelectric effects in two-dimensional superconductors in a magnetic field. These are modeled as granular Josephson-junction arrays, forming either regular or random lattices. We employ two different models for the dynamics, relaxational model-A dynamics or resistively and capacitively shunted Josephson junction (RCSJ) dynamics. We derive expressions for the heat current in these models, which are then used in numerical simulations to calculate the heat conductivity and the Nernst coefficient for different temperatures and magnetic fields. At low temperatures and zero magnetic field the heat conductivity in the RCSJ model is calculated analytically from a spin wave approximation, and is seen to have an anomalous logarithmic dependence on the system size, and also to diverge in the completely overdamped limit C -> 0. From our simulations we find at low magnetic fields that the Nernst signal displays a characteristic "tilted hill" profile similar to experiments and a non-monotonic temperature dependence of the heat conductivity. We also investigate the effects of granularity and randomness, which become important for higher magnetic fields. In this regime geometric frustration strongly influences the results in both regular and random systems and leads to highly non-trivial magnetic field dependencies of the studied transport coefficients.
Non-Coexistence of Infinite Clusters in Two-Dimensional Dependent Site Percolation
Creators: name: Carstens, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 82B43, 82B20

description: This paper presents three results on dependent site percolation on the square lattice. First, there exists no positively associated probability measure on {0,1}^{Z^2} with the following properties: a) a single infinite 0cluster exists almost surely, b) at most one infinite 1*cluster exists almost surely, c) some probabilities regarding 1*clusters are bounded away from zero. Second, we show that coexistence of an infinite 1*cluster and an infinite 0cluster is almost surely impossible when the underlying probability measure is ergodic with respect to translations, positively associated, and satisfies the finite energy condition. The third result analyses the typical structure of infinite clusters of both types in the absence of positive association. Namely, under a slightly sharpened finite energy condition, the existence of infinitely many disjoint infinite self-avoiding 1*paths follows from the existence of an infinite 1*cluster. The same holds with respect to 0paths and 0clusters.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure
On-demand IP licensing for the digital economy
Creators: name: Tietze, Frank
name: Di Francesco Maesa, Damiano
name: Theye, Julius
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Tailored IP licensing
Pay-per-use licensing
Royalties
Digital economy
Distributed ledger technology
Blockchain

description: The rise of the digital economy is causing a surge in Intellectual Property (IP) licensing as more and more IP assets are being incorporated into products and product service systems (PSS). Today’s IP licensing models possess rigid structures that put incumbent licensing parties at an advantage and imply large barriers to entry for innovative enterprises. This paper contrasts the traditional, predominantly lump-sum licensing models with fairer and more flexible models that could be enabled by automated licensing management systems. Thereby, we take a first step towards leveraging the potential of flexible IP licensing models to reduce the complexities, inefficiencies and trust issues inherent in IP licensing today. We discuss three different fixed and usage-based IP licensing models that we plan to test in a successive simulation study to more closely explore the economic implications of fixed versus usage-based IP licensing for the involved stakeholders.
Transverse electron scattering response function of $^3$He with $Δ$-isobar degrees of freedom
Creators: name: Yuan, Luping
name: Efros, Victor D.
name: Leidemann, Winfried
name: Tomusiak, Edward L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A calculation of the $^3$He transverse $(e,e')$ inclusive response function, $R_T$, which includes $Δ$ degrees of freedom is performed using the Lorentz integral transform method. The resulting coupled equations are treated in impulse approximation, where the $NNN$ and $NNΔ$ channels are solved separately. As NN and NNN potentials we use the Argonne V18 and UrbanaIX models respectively. Electromagnetic currents include the $Δ$-isobar currents, one-body N-currents with relativistic corrections and two-body currents consistent with the Argonne V18 potential. $R_T$ is calculated for the breakup threshold region at momentum transfers near 900 MeV/c. Our results are similar to those of Deltuva {\it et al.} in that large $Δ$-isobar current contributions are found. However we find that these are largely canceled by the relativistic contribution from the one-body N-currents. Finally a comparison is made between theoretical results and experimental data.
description: 21 pages,4 figures, a replacement of arXiv:1006.3499v1, additional calculations at different kinematics
Decoherence in an exactly solvable qubit model with initial qubit-environment correlations
Creators: name: Morozov, V. G.
name: Mathey, S.
name: Röpke, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a model of dephasing (decoherence) in a two-state quantum system (qubit) coupled to a bath of harmonic oscillators. An exact analytic solution for the reduced dynamics of a two-state system in this model has been obtained previously for factorizing initial states of the combined system. We show that the model admits exact solutions for a large class of correlated initial states which are typical in the theory of quantum measurements. We derive exact expressions for the off-diagonal elements of the qubit density matrix, which hold for an arbitrary strength of coupling between the qubit and the bath. The influence of initial correlations on decoherence is considered for different bath spectral densities. Time behavior of the qubit entropy in the decoherence process is discussed.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Perturbations of higher-dimensional spacetimes
Creators: name: Durkee, Mark
name: Reall, Harvey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss linearized gravitational perturbations of higher dimensional spacetimes. For algebraically special spacetimes (e.g. Myers-Perry black holes), we show that there exist local gauge invariant quantities linear in the metric perturbation. These are the higher dimensional generalizations of the 4d Newman-Penrose scalars that (in an algebraically special vacuum spacetime) satisfy decoupled equations of motion. We show that decoupling occurs in more than four dimensions if, and only if, the spacetime admits a null geodesic congruence with vanishing expansion, rotation and shear. Decoupling of electromagnetic perturbations occurs under the same conditions. Although these conditions are not satisfied in black hole spacetimes, they are satisfied in the near-horizon geometry of an extreme black hole.
description: 21 pages (v2:Minor corrections, accepted by CQG.)
On a (2+1)-dimensional generalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice and a discrete Davey-Stewartson system
Creators: name: Tsuchida, Takayuki
name: Dimakis, Aristophanes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 37K10, 37K15, 37K60

description: We propose a natural (2+1)-dimensional generalization of the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice that is an integrable space discretization of the cubic nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) system in 1+1 dimensions. By further requiring rotational symmetry of order 2 in the two-dimensional lattice, we identify an appropriate change of dependent variables, which translates the (2+1)-dimensional Ablowitz-Ladik lattice into a suitable space discretization of the Davey-Stewartson system. The space-discrete Davey-Stewartson system has a Lax pair and allows the complex conjugation reduction between two dependent variables as in the continuous case. Moreover, it is ideally symmetric with respect to space reflections. Using the Hirota bilinear method, we construct some exact solutions such as multidromion solutions.
description: 30 pages; (v2) minor grammatical changes (v3) added references, to appear in J.Phys.A (v4) minor cosmetic changes
All stationary axi-symmetric local solutions of topologically massive gravity
Creators: name: Ertl, Sabine
name: Grumiller, Daniel
name: Johansson, Niklas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We classify all stationary axi-symmetric solutions of topologically massive gravity into Einstein, Schrödinger, warped and generic solutions. We construct explicitly all local solutions in the first three sectors and present an algorithm for the numerical construction of all local solutions in the generic sector. The only input for this algorithm is the value of one constant of motion if the solution has an analytic centre, and three constants of motion otherwise. We present several examples, including soliton solutions that asymptote to warped AdS.
description: 42 pages, 9 figures. v2: Changed potentially confusing labelling of one sector, added references. v3: Minor changes, matches published version
Electromagnetically induced transparency with Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Petrosyan, David
name: Otterbach, Johannes
name: Fleischhauer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a theory of electromagnetically induced transparency in a cold ensemble of strongly interacting Rydberg atoms. Long-range interactions between the atoms constrain the medium to behave as a collection of superatoms, each comprising a blockade volume that can accommodate at most one Rydberg excitation. The propagation of a probe field is affected by its two-photon correlations within the blockade distance, which are strongly damped due to low saturation threshold of the superatoms. Our model is computationally very efficient and is in quantitative agreement with the results of recent experiment of Pritchard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 193603 (2010)].
description: revised ms
Synthetic hypermutation : gene-drug mutation rate synergy reveals a translesion synthesis mechanism
Creators: name: Segovia Ugarte, Romulo M.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Gene-gene or gene-drug interactions are typically quantified using fitness as a readout because the data is continuous and easily measured in high-throughput. However, to what extent fitness captures the range of other phenotypes that show synergistic effects is usually unknown. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and focusing on a matrix of DNA repair mutants and genotoxic drugs, I quantified 76 gene-drug interactions based on both mutation rate and fitness and find that these parameters are not connected. Independent of fitness defects I identified seven cases of synthetic hypermutation, where the combined effect of the drug and mutant on mutation rate was greater than predicted. One example occurred when yeast lacking RAD1 were exposed to cisplatin and I characterized this interaction using whole-genome sequencing. Our sequencing results indicate mutagenesis by cisplatin in rad1∆ cells depended almost entirely on interstrand crosslinks at GpCpN motifs. Interestingly, our data suggest that the 3’ base in this motif templates the addition of the mutated base. This result differs from cisplatin mutation signatures in XPF-deficient C. elegans and supports a model in which translesion synthesis polymerases perform a slippage and realignment extension across from the damaged base. Accordingly, DNA polymerase zeta activity was essential for mutagenesis in cisplatin-treated rad1∆ cells. Together these data reveal the potential to gain new mechanistic insights from non-fitness measures of gene-drug interactions and extend the use of mutation accumulation and whole-genome sequencing analysis to define DNA repair mechanisms.
OTELO survey: optimal emission-line flux determination with OSIRIS/GTC
Creators: name: Lara-López, M. A.
name: Cepa, J.
name: Castañeda, H.
name: García, A. M. Pérez
name: Bongiovanni, A.
name: Ederoclite, A.
name: Lorenzo, M. Fernández
name: Pović, M.
name: Sánchez-Portal, M.
name: Alfaro, E.
name: Gallego, J.
name: González, J. J.
name: González-Serrano, J. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emission-line galaxies are important targets for understanding the chemical evolution of galaxies in the universe. Deep, narrow-band imaging surveys allow to detect and study the flux and the equivalent widths (EW) of the emission line studied. The present work has been developed within the context of the OTELO project, an emission line survey using the Tunable Filters (TF) of OSIRIS, the first generation instrument on the GTC 10.4m telescope located in La Palma, Spain, that will observe through selected atmospheric windows relatively free of sky emission lines. With a total survey area of 0.1 square degrees distributed in different fields, reaching a 5 σdepth of 10^-18 erg/cm^2/s and detecting objects of EW < 0.3 A, OTELO will be the deepest emission line survey to date. As part of the OTELO preparatory activities, the objective of this study is to determine the best combination of sampling and full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the OSIRIS tunable filters for deblending Hαfrom [NII] lines by analyzing the flux errors obtained. We simulated the OTELO data by convolving a complete set of synthetic HII galaxies in EW with different widths of the OSIRIS TFs. We estimated relative flux errors of the recovered Hαand [NII]6583 lines. We found that, for the red TF, a FWHM of 12 A and a sampling of 5 A is an optimal combination that allow deblending Hαfrom the [NII]6583 line with a flux error lower than 20%. This combination will allow estimating SFRs and metallicities using the Hαflux and the N2 method, respectively.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures. Some authors added. Accepted for publication in PASP
Effective temperature of active complex matter
Creators: name: Loi, Davide
name: Mossa, Stefano
name: Cugliandolo, Leticia F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the dynamics of an ensemble of interacting self-propelled semi-flexible polymers in contact with a thermal bath. Our intention is to model complex systems of biological interest. We find that an effective temperature allows one to rationalize the out of equilibrium dynamics of the system. This parameter is measured in several independent ways -- from fluctuation-dissipation relations and by using tracer particles -- and they all yield equivalent results. The effective temperature takes a higher value than the temperature of the bath when the effect of the motors is not correlated with the structural rearrangements they induce. We show how to use this concept to interpret experimental results and suggest possible innovative research directions.
Some techniques on nonlinear analysis and applications
Creators: name: Pellegrino, Daniel
name: Santos, Joedson
name: Seoane-Sepúlveda, Juan B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we present two different results in the context of nonlinear analysis. The first one is essentially a nonlinear technique that, in view of its strong generality, may be useful in different practical problems. The second result, more technical, but also connected to the first one, is an extension of the well-known Pietsch Domination Theorem. The last decade witnessed the birth of different families of Pietsch Domination-type results and some attempts of unification. Our result, that we call "full general Pietsch Domination Theorem" is potentially a definitive Pietsch Domination Theorem which unifies the previous versions and delimits what can be proved in this line.The connections to the recent notion of weighted summability are traced.
description: 24 pages
Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Forschungsberichterstattung: Integration, Standardisierung, verteilte Informationssysteme
Creators: name: Riechert, Mathias
name: Tobias, Regine
name: Heller, Lambert
name: Blümel, Ina
name: Biesenbender, Sophie
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015

description: Dieses Diskussionspapier gibt einen Überblick über die Entwicklung der Forschungsberichterstattung im Wissenschaftssystem. Dabei werden aktuelle Entwicklungen von integrierten Forschungsinformationssystemen und aktuelle Standardisierungsinitiativen aufgezeigt und ein Einblick in ein Umsetzungsprojekt eines verteilten Systems gegeben. Der Beitrag schließt in mit einer Diskussion von Weiterentwicklungsszenarien verteilter Forschungsinformationssysteme im Wis-senschaftssystem.
Ultrasonographically detected infective endocarditis causing septic pulmonary embolism
Creators: name: Rafailidis, Vasileios
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cardiac
subject: Cardiovascular system
subject: Lung
subject: CT
subject: Digital radiography
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Computer Applications-3D
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Acute
subject: Cavitation
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis
subject: Infection
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction

description: Clinical History Image Findings Discussion Find Diagnosis Differential Diagnosis
description: female, 34 years
description: Clinical History: A 34 year old female with a history of IV drug abuse was admitted to the hospital with fever for ten days and worsening dyspnea for two days. He had tachycardia, fever (41oC) and decreased respiratory murmur. His laboratory examinations showed ... Final Diagnosis: Septic pulmonary embolism caused by tricuspid valve infective endocarditis.
Open and hidden heavy flavor in PHENIX
Creators: name: Jouan, Denis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: dis17
phenix
heavy flavor
open charm
au+au
cu+au
p+al
p+au
d+au
3he+au
dimuon
dielectron
vtx
fvtx
dca
J/Ψ
raa
nuclear
modification
b-meson
cnm effects
forward-rapidity
backward-rapidity

description: Talk presented at the Deep Inelastic Scattering 2017 conference
Parallel String Matching
Creators: name: Pfaffe, Philip
name: Tillmann, Martin
name: Lutteropp, Sarah
name: Scheirle, Bernhard
name: Zerr, Kevin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2016

description: We explore the benefits of parallelizing 7 state-of-the-art string matching algorithms. Using SIMD and multi-threading techniques we achieve a significant performance improvement of up to 43.3x over reference implementations and a speedup of up to 16.7x over the string matching program grep. We evaluate our implementations on the smart-corpora and the full human genome data set. We show scalability over number of threads and impact of pattern length.
Legally-Informed Explainable AI
Creators: name: Mansi, Gennie
name: Karusala, Naveena
name: Riedl, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Explanations for artificial intelligence (AI) systems are intended to support the people who are impacted by AI systems in high-stakes decision-making environments, such as doctors, patients, teachers, students, housing applicants, and many others. To protect people and support the responsible development of AI, explanations need to be actionable--helping people take pragmatic action in response to an AI system--and contestable--enabling people to push back against an AI system and its determinations. For many high-stakes domains, such as healthcare, education, and finance, the sociotechnical environment includes significant legal implications that impact how people use AI explanations. For example, physicians who use AI decision support systems may need information on how accepting or rejecting an AI determination will protect them from lawsuits or help them advocate for their patients. In this paper, we make the case for Legally-Informed Explainable AI, responding to the need to integrate and design for legal considerations when creating AI explanations. We describe three stakeholder groups with different informational and actionability needs, and provide practical recommendations to tackle design challenges around the design of explainable AI systems that incorporate legal considerations.
description: 9 pages
Symmetry properties of the large-deviation function of the velocity of a self-propelled polar particle
Creators: name: Kumar, Nitin
name: Ramaswamy, Sriram
name: Sood, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A geometrically polar granular rod confined in 2-D geometry, subjected to a sinusoidal vertical oscillation, undergoes noisy self-propulsion in a direction determined by its polarity. When surrounded by a medium of crystalline spherical beads, it displays substantial negative fluctuations in its velocity. We find that the large deviation function (LDF) for the normalized velocity is strongly non-Gaussian with a kink at zero velocity, and that the antisymmetric part of the LDF is linear, resembling the fluctuation relation known for entropy production, even when the velocity distribution is clearly non-Gaussian. We extract an analogue of the phase space contraction rate and find that it compares well with an independent estimate based on the persistence of forward and reverse velocities.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Shadows of Colliding Black Holes
Creators: name: Nitta, Daisuke
name: Chiba, Takeshi
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the shadows of colliding black holes using the Kastor-Traschen cosmological multiblack hole solution that is an exact solution describing the collision of maximally charged black holes with a positive cosmological constant. We find that in addition to the shadow of each black hole, an eyebrowlike structure appears as the black holes come close to each other. These features can be used as probes to find the multiblack hole system at the final stage of its merger process.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in PRD
Constraining dark energy fluctuations with supernova correlations
Creators: name: Blomqvist, Michael
name: Enander, Jonas
name: Mortsell, Edvard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate constraints on dark energy fluctuations using type Ia supernovae. If dark energy is not in the form of a cosmological constant, that is if the equation of state is not equal to -1, we expect not only temporal, but also spatial variations in the energy density. Such fluctuations would cause local variations in the universal expansion rate and directional dependences in the redshift-distance relation. We present a scheme for relating a power spectrum of dark energy fluctuations to an angular covariance function of standard candle magnitude fluctuations. The predictions for a phenomenological model of dark energy fluctuations are compared to observational data in the form of the measured angular covariance of Hubble diagram magnitude residuals for type Ia supernovae in the Union2 compilation. The observational result is consistent with zero dark energy fluctuations. However, due to the limitations in statistics, current data still allow for quite general dark energy fluctuations as long as they are in the linear regime.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, matches the published version
Detecting extrasolar planets from stellar radial velocities using Bayesian evidence
Creators: name: Feroz, F.
name: Balan, S. T.
name: Hobson, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar radial velocity (RV) measurements have proven to be a very successful method for detecting extrasolar planets. Analysing RV data to determine the parameters of the extrasolar planets is a significant statistical challenge owing to the presence of multiple planets and various degeneracies between orbital parameters. Determining the number of planets favoured by the observed data is an even more difficult task. Bayesian model selection provides a mathematically rigorous solution to this problem by calculating marginal posterior probabilities of models with different number of planets, but the use of this method in extrasolar planetary searches has been hampered by the computational cost of the evaluating Bayesian evidence. Nonetheless, Bayesian model selection has the potential to improve the interpretation of existing observational data and possibly detect yet undiscovered planets. We present a new and efficient Bayesian method for determining the number of extrasolar planets, as well as for inferring their orbital parameters, without having to calculate directly the Bayesian evidence for models containing a large number of planets. Instead, we work iteratively and at each iteration obtain a conservative lower limit on the odds ratio for the inclusion of an additional planet into the model. We apply this method to simulated data-sets containing one and two planets and successfully recover the correct number of planets and reliable constraints on the orbital parameters. We also apply our method to RV measurements of HD 37124, 47 Ursae Majoris and HD 10180. For HD 37124, we confirm that the current data strongly favour a three-planet system. We find strong evidence for the presence of a fourth planet in 47 Ursae Majoris, but its orbital period is suspiciously close to one year, casting doubt on its validity. For HD 10180 we find strong evidence for a six-planet system.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 12 tables. Added results obtained by applying the method to 47 Ursae Majoris and HD 10180. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Matter-wave analog of an optical random laser
Creators: name: Plodzien, Marcin
name: Sacha, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The accumulation of atoms in the lowest energy level of a trap and the subsequent out-coupling of these atoms is a realization of a matter-wave analog of a conventional optical laser. Optical random lasers require materials that provide optical gain but, contrary to conventional lasers, the modes are determined by multiple scattering and not a cavity. We show that a Bose-Einstein condensate can be loaded in a spatially correlated disorder potential prepared in such a way that the Anderson localization phenomenon operates as a band-pass filter. A multiple scattering process selects atoms with certain momenta and determines laser modes which represents a matter-wave analog of an optical random laser.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A; minor changes, the present title substituted for "Atom Random Laser"
The velocity modulation of galaxy properties in and near clusters: quantifying the decrease in star formation in backsplash galaxies
Creators: name: Mahajan, Smriti
name: Mamon, Gary A.
name: Raychaudhury, Somak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The efficiency of recent star formation (SF) in galaxies increases with increasing projected distance from the centre of a cluster out to several times its virial radius (R_v). Using a complete sample of galaxies in 268 clusters from the SDSS DR4, we investigate how, at a given projected radius from the cluster centre, M* and SF properties of a galaxy depend on its absolute line-of-sight velocity in the cluster rest frame, |v_LOS|. We find that for R<0.5 R_v, the fraction of high mass non-BCG galaxies increases towards the centre for low |v_LOS|. At a given projected radius, the fraction of Galaxies with Ongoing or Recent (<1-3 Gyr) Efficient Star Formation (GORES, with EW(H_delta)>2 ang & D_4000>1.5) is slightly but significantly lower for low |v_LOS| galaxies than for their high velocity counterparts. We study these observational trends with the help of a dark matter (DM) cosmological simulation. We find that the backsplash particles account for at least one-third (half) of all particles at projected radii slightly greater than the virial radius and |v_LOS|
description: 22 pages, 17 figures, MNRAS, 416, 2882, Labels for Figure 14 revised
Physiological basis of variation in mesophyll conductance of black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray)
Creators: name: Momayyezi, Mina
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: There is dramatic provenance level variation in tree species with geographically wide ranges. For example, in Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray, net photosynthesis (An) and stomatal conductance (gs) both increase with latitude of origin. This thesis reports a parallel cline in mesophyll conductance (gm) and explores its physiological basis. In addition to anatomical constraints, variation in gm should depend on chloroplast positioning, transmembrane CO₂ diffusion through aquaporins (AQPs), and biochemical facilitation of the CO₂↔HCO₃− equilibrium by carbonic anhydrase (CA), but evidence for the former has been lacking. I found that gm increases with latitude across 12 genotypes, as measured by chlorophyll fluorescence, and confirmed this pattern by the isotope discrimination method in six representative genotypes. Northern genotypes had greater CA activity. An inhibitor of CA, acetazolamide, reduced CA activity, gm, gs, chloroplast CO₂ concentration and An at normal CO₂ (400 µmol mol-¹), the latter being reversible at saturating CO₂. The relationship between CA activity and gm was similar whether the variation was inherent or inhibitor-induced. I then explored the role of chloroplast positioning in relation to gm, driven by the ratio of blue (BL) to red light supplied to leaves. Repositioning was manifested by a reversible decrease in chlorophyll content index (CCI), while actual chlorophyll content remained unchanged. Although gm was found to decrease as BL increased, and more so in northern genotypes, cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of chloroplast motility, blocked the effect of BL on CCI but not gm, suggesting that BL can mediate gm independently of repositioning. High BL reduced CA activity, consistent with a possible reduction in protein-facilitated diffusion, which might also involve AQPs. I found that the AQP inhibitor mercuric chloride reduces gm more in northern genotypes than in southern genotypes, both absolutely and proportionally, but also reduces CA activity. Although greater gm in high-latitude genotypes likely reflects contributions from several components of the liquid-phase diffusion pathway, this thesis draws particular attention to a major role for CA. Because gm is an equal or greater limitation on photosynthesis than gs, these findings may help direct crop improvement efforts to promote resource use efficiencies and yield.