cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Essays in transport economics and operations management
Creators: name: Yang, Hangjun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This dissertation studies three topics in transport economics and operations management. The first topic is on the economic regulation of congested airports. The second one is revenue sharing between airlines and airports. In the third topic, we investigate the impact of strategic customer behavior on the channel profits. Chapter 2 studies the effects of concession revenue sharing between an airport and its airlines. It is found that the degree of revenue sharing will be affected by how airlines' services are related to each other (complements, independent, or substitutes). It is further found that airport competition results in a higher degree of revenue sharing than in the case of single airports. The airport-airline chains may nevertheless derive lower profits through the revenue-sharing rivalry, and the situation is similar to a Prisoners' Dilemma. Chapter 3 considers price-cap regulation of an airport where the airport facility (e.g., its runway) is congested and air carriers have market power. In the case of airports, there are two versions of price-cap regulation: the single-till approach and the dual-till approach. We show that when airport congestion is not a major problem, single-till price-cap regulation dominates dual-till price-cap regulation with respect to social welfare. Furthermore, we identify situations where dual-till regulation performs better than single-till regulation when there is significant airport congestion. Chapter 4 investigates the impact of customer and firm discounting as well as downstream retailer competition on the benefit of decentralization when customers are strategic. We consider a dynamic two-period model consisting of one manufacturer who sells a product through multiple retailers under linear wholesale price contracts. No firm can credibly commit to future prices or quantities. With strategic customers, we find that a decentralized channel may have higher profit than that of a centralized channel. We show that in addition to the double marginalization effect, both customer and firm discounting and retailer competition are also driving factors of the higher decentralized channel profit.
Inferring User-Oriented Advice in ADVISOR
Creators: name: Weida, Robert Anthony
name: McKeown, Kathleen
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: To be considered cooperative, an expert system must be easy to interact with. It must produce responses that are contextually appropriate, sensitive to the needs of users and suited to the user's level of sophistication. Expert system responses must be explained in a clear and concise fashion, often to untrained users. We have constructed a student advising system called ADVISOR, which contains a rule-based expert system, to test our ideas in natural language understanding, user modeling, use-oriented explanation, and text generation. ADVISOR assists computer science majors in course selection by providing information and offering advice during a natural language question-answering dialogue. In previous papers, we presented an overview of ADVISOR and detailed out methodologies for deriving user goals from the discourse and expressing expert system reasoning in natural language that emphasizes use goals (McKeown et al., 1985; McKeown, 1988; McKeown and Weida, 1988). In this paper we focus on how the expert with supporting justifications and additional relevant observations. Since advice is geared to the individual student, ADVISOR can provide different answers to the same questions as well as different explanations for the same answer. Indeed, its advice may change, along with the student‘s goals, as conversation progresses.
Indexing the Earth Mover's Distance Using Normal Distributions
Creators: name: Ruttenberg, Brian E.
name: Singh, Ambuj K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Querying uncertain data sets (represented as probability distributions) presents many challenges due to the large amount of data involved and the difficulties comparing uncertainty between distributions. The Earth Mover's Distance (EMD) has increasingly been employed to compare uncertain data due to its ability to effectively capture the differences between two distributions. Computing the EMD entails finding a solution to the transportation problem, which is computationally intensive. In this paper, we propose a new lower bound to the EMD and an index structure to significantly improve the performance of EMD based K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) queries on uncertain databases. We propose a new lower bound to the EMD that approximates the EMD on a projection vector. Each distribution is projected onto a vector and approximated by a normal distribution, as well as an accompanying error term. We then represent each normal as a point in a Hough transformed space. We then use the concept of stochastic dominance to implement an efficient index structure in the transformed space. We show that our method significantly decreases K-NN query time on uncertain databases. The index structure also scales well with database cardinality. It is well suited for heterogeneous data sets, helping to keep EMD based queries tractable as uncertain data sets become larger and more complex.
description: VLDB2012
Mechanical Generation of Heuristics for Intractable Theories
Creators: name: Ellman, Thomas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: A domain independent mechanism for generating heuristics for intractable theories has been implemented in the POLLYANNA program. Heuristics are generated by a process of systematically applying generic simplifying assumptions to an initial intractable theory. Such assumptions sacrifice the accuracy of an intractable theory to gain efficiency in return. Truth preserving reformulations are also used to enhance the power of generic simplifying assumptions. This paper describes a framework for generating heuristics using these basic types of knowledge. Examples and representations of each are presented along with an architecture within which they interact to generate heuristic theories. Results from testing this technique in the hearts card domain are presented as well. This work is pan of a system combining analytic and empirical methods for learning heuristics. In the analytic phase, a set of candidate heuristics is generated from an intractable theory. In the empirical phase, heuristic theories are evaluated against teacher-provided training examples. This paper concentrates on the analytic process of generating heuristics.
Solanum squarrosum O. E. Schulz
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum squarrosum

description: Solanum squarrosum O.E. Schulz in Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 197. 1909 Type: Dominican Republic.“ prope Azua ”, R. Schomburgk 51 (lectotype, L [L0403808], designated here).
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
Sentence producation in individuals with Alzheimer's disease
Creators: name: Harper, Lori A.
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Alzheimer's disease - Patients - Ability testing
subject: Grammar, Comparative and general - Sentences
subject: Language disorders in old age
subject: Communicative disorders in old age
subject: Short-term memory

description: Bibliography : p. 114-139.
PPSV-23 recommendation and vaccination coverage in China: a cross-sectional survey among healthcare workers, older adults and chronic disease patients
Creators: name: Lai, Xiaozhen
name: Lyu, Yun
name: Zhang, Haijun
name: Feng, Huangyufei
name: Fang, Hai
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV-23) is crucial to protecting high-risk groups. This study aimed to investigate the influencing factors of PPSV-23 recommendation among healthcare workers, and PPSV-23 coverage among Chinese older adults and chronic disease patients. In 2019, a cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in ten provinces in China among older adults aged ≥65 years, chronic disease patients aged 18–64 years, and primary healthcare workers. Multiple logistic regression model was adopted to identify the influencing factors of PPSV-23 recommendation and vaccination uptake. Of the 1138 healthcare workers, 46.75% often recommended PPSV-23 to target groups, and public health workers were more likely to recommend than general practitioners. PPSV-23 vaccination rate was 3.29% among chronic disease patients aged <65 years, 6.69% among older adults without chronic disease(s), and 8.87% among chronic disease patients aged ≥65 years. Multiple logistic regression revealed that only general practitioners’ recommendation was associated with increased PPSV-23 coverage (p < 0.05). The findings highlighted the suboptimal PPSV-23 coverage rate in China and the strong association between healthcare workers’ recommendation and residents’ vaccination uptake. Targeted and coherent PPSV-23-related training is suggested for general practitioners to encourage effective health promotion in clinical practices.
Lexicalized Well-Founded Grammars: Learnability and Merging
Creators: name: Muresan, Smaranda
name: Muresan, Tudor
name: Klavans, Judith L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2005
Subjects: Computer science

description: This paper presents the theoretical foundation of a new type of constraint-based grammars, Lexicalized Well-Founded Grammars, which are adequate for modeling human language and are learnable. These features make the grammars suitable for developing robust and scalable natural language understanding systems. Our grammars capture both syntax and semantics and have two types of constraints at the rule level: one for semantic composition and one for ontology-based semantic interpretation. We prove that these grammars can always be learned from a small set of semantically annotated, ordered representative examples, using a relational learning algorithm. We introduce a new semantic representation for natural language, which is suitable for an ontology-based interpretation and allows us to learn the compositional constraints together with the grammar rules. Besides the learnability results, we give a principle for grammar merging. The experiments presented in this paper show promising results for the adequacy of these grammars in learning natural language. Relatively simple linguistic knowledge is needed to build the small set of semantically annotated examples required for the grammar induction.
Additional file 2 of A chair at the table: a scoping review of the participation of refugees in community-based participatory research in healthcare
Creators: name: Filler, Tali
name: Benipal, Pardeep Kaur
name: Torabi, Nazi
name: Minhas, Ripudaman Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. PRISMA-S Checklist.
A readout for large arrays of Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors
Creators: name: McHugh, Sean
name: Mazin, Benjamin A.
name: Serfass, Bruno
name: Meeker, Seth
name: O'Brien, Kieran
name: Duan, Ran
name: Raffanti, Rick
name: Werthimer, Dan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) are superconducting detectors capable of counting single photons and measuring their energy in the UV, optical, and near-IR. MKIDs feature intrinsic frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) at microwave frequencies, allowing the construction and readout of large arrays. Due to the microwave FDM, MKIDs do not require the complex cryogenic multiplexing electronics used for similar detectors, such as Transition Edge Sensors (TESs), but instead transfer this complexity to room temperature electronics where they present a formidable signal processing challenge. In this paper we describe the first successful effort to build a readout for a photon counting optical/near-IR astronomical instrument, the ARray Camera for Optical to Near-infrared Spectrophotometry (ARCONS). This readout is based on open source hardware developed by the Collaboration for Astronomy Signal Processing and Electronics Research (CASPER). Designed principally for radio telescope backends, it is flexible enough to be used for a variety of signal processing applications.
Exploring the role of external rewards in creative cognition
Creators: name: Mehta, Ravi Prakash
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Existing research examining the effects of external rewards on creativity lacks a clear consensus on the issue. While some research suggests that monetary (versus social) rewards are detrimental to creativity, other research has found that monetary rewards can enhance creative performance. These disparate findings seem to stem from extant literature’s lack of focus on cognitive processes through which external rewards affect creativity. In this dissertation I model the location and movement of ideas in an individual’s mental space and demonstrate that social rewards prompt a broader idea exploration leading to higher creativity. However, if a specific goal to be creative is made salient, focused idea exploration as induced by monetary rewards leads to even higher creativity.
Additional file 3 of A chair at the table: a scoping review of the participation of refugees in community-based participatory research in healthcare
Creators: name: Filler, Tali
name: Benipal, Pardeep Kaur
name: Torabi, Nazi
name: Minhas, Ripudaman Singh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist.
Grinding burn limits: Generation of surface layer modification charts for discontinuous profile grinding with analogy trials
Creators: name: Guba, Nikolai
name: Heinzel, Jonas
name: Karpuschewski, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Gear profile grinding
subject: Thermal process limit
subject: Analogy trial
subject: Analytic process model
subject: 620

description: By means of surface layer modification charts, the occurrence of thermal impact and thus the risk of grinding burn can be detected. With the present work it was shown that surface layer modification charts for discontinuous profile grinding can be generated using analogy trials carried out on a surface grinding machine for investigation of different grinding conditions and varied tilt angles in profile grinding. The experimental and the analysis effort for the analogy trials prove to be significantly more time and cost saving. The results also suggest that system parameters such as the grinding wheel specification or the cooling strategy are taken into account by the specific grinding power. Thus, the experimental results of this work allow the assumption that the determined process limit is not or just to a low extent depending on the system parameters. This assumption is supported by the thermal process limit determined by Malkin and converted in surface layer modification charts. Malkin's limit, identified for different ground steels with surface and cylindrical grinding processes and thus different system and process parameters, corresponds to the results generated in this work at workpieces ground with a kinematically more complex process. The results reveal that there is at least a group of steel materials which seems to share a similar thermal process limit.
A Survey of Tree-Walk Evaluation Strategies for Attribute Grammars
Creators: name: Yellin, Daniel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1984
Subjects: Computer science

description: Since the time that Knuth's seminal paper on attribute grammars (AGs) first appeared [24], the AG formalism for specifying the translation process has received much attention and has become the basis for several real translator-writing systems [12, 15, 19, 20, 25]. It seems to be a promising vehicle for automating the construction of compilers, in addition to its various other uses currently under investigation which includes syntax directed editors [5], attributed parsing [18, 39], interactive proof checking [35], waveform analysis [30], natural language translation into SQL data base code [31] and SQL data base code translation into natural language [27]. Given a sentence in a source language, an AG specifies a unique semantic tree for that sentence. The translation is found by evaluating the attribute-instances of the semantic tree. Upon completion, certain distinguished attributes of the root contain the translated string. Due to the declarative nature of the AG, there is no unique way to evaluate the semantic tree. Determining strategies to evaluate the semantic trees of an AG has been the focus of much discussion in the literature. It has both theoretical and practical importance: Bad strategies of evaluating semantic trees can be very inefficient in terms of both space and time making AGs less attractive for real translator-writing systems. In this paper we survey static tree-walk evaluator strategies that have been developed for evaluating semantic trees. We compare the evaluators to each other on the basis of several performance criteria. We develop the notion of optimality of an evaluator and determine how close a given evaluation strategy comes to optimal. By considering different strategies we find a natural taxonomy of AGs: as not every AG will give rise to semantic trees evaluable by a given strategy S, we can define the class of S-evaluable AGs as exactly those AGs whose semantic trees are evaluable by strategy S. In this way we will discover a hierarchy of strategies of increasing power, the strongest strategy being one capable of evaluating the semantic trees of any well-defined AG. In section 1 we present a brief introduction to AGs and set forth some terminology to be used in the rest of the paper. In section 2 we introduce the general idea of tree-walk evaluators and we formalize the concept of an optimal tree-walk evaluator for a semantic tree. In section 3 we define an especially useful class of evaluators called static evaluators. In the next three sections we survey three types of static evaluators: pass-oriented evaluators, uniform evaluators and multi-protocol evaluators. In section 7 we summarize our conclusions and review the taxonomy of AGs we have developed. The appendix presents the proofs of two NP-complete problems cited in the survey.
Solanum gonaivense Leonard
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum gonaivense

description: Solanum gonaivense Leonard, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 71. 1927 Type: Haiti. Dept. Artibonite, 8 mi NE of Gonaives, Ennery Road, 19 Feb 1926, E. Leonard 10007 (holotype, US [US-1301034, barcode US00588712]; isotype, GH [GH0077550]). Distribution. In dry forests and xerophytic scrublands on Hispaniola and the Bahamas, usually on limestone soils at around sea level, but up to 200 m elevation. Representative specimen. Bahamas, Little Exuma, Correll & Wasshausen 51203 (MO, NY, US). The type specimen of Solanum squarrosum was cited as Schomburgk 51 and was at B, but is no longer extant. A rather scrappy duplicate of Schomburgk 51 at Leiden (L0403808, Fig. 3d) is labelled “typus” in Schulz’s hand and is here selected as the lectotype.
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
Engineered wheels for grinding of optical glass
Creators: name: Heinzel, Carsten
name: Rickens, Kai
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Grinding
subject: Tool
subject: Precision
subject: 620

description: This paper focuses on the evaluation of topographical parameters characterizing the influence on the behaviour and finally the process results by applying engineered diamond wheels in machining hard and brittle materials. Here, coarsegrained, single-layered diamond grinding wheels with electroplated abrasive layers and active-brazed, defined grain pattern have been dressed by a special conditioning process and used in precision grinding experiments on optical glass. The characterization of the abrasive layer topography was done by two topographical parameters, the specific total grain plateau areal and the average grain cutting edge width determined by 3D-profilometry of replicated abrasive layers after each dressing step.
Additional file 1 of Peritoneal Dialysis Guidelines 2019 Part 2: Main Text (Position paper of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy)
Creators: name: Ryuzaki, Munekazu
name: Ito, Yasuhiko
name: Nakamoto, Hidetomo
name: Ishikawa, Yuichi
name: Itami, Noritomo
name: Ito, Minoru
name: Ueda, Atsushi
name: Kanazawa, Yoshie
name: Kawanishi, Hideki
name: Kanno, Yoshihiko
name: Sugiyama, Hitoshi
name: Tsuruya, Kazuhiko
name: Terawaki, Hiroyuki
name: Tomo, Tadashi
name: Fukasawa, Mizuya
name: Yamashita, Akihiro C.
name: Yokoi, Hideki
name: Nakayama, Masaaki
name: Yuasa, Hidemichi
name: Tsujimoto, Yasushi
name: Tsujimoto, Hiraku
name: Saka, Yosuke
name: Kuroki, Yusuke
name: Yasuda, Kaoru
name: Fujii, Takayuki
name: Kanno, Atsuhiro
name: Fujikura, Emi
name: Watanabe, Kimio
name: Obata, Yoko
name: Murashima, Miho
name: Toda, Naohiro
name: Yamamoto, Shuto
name: Tsujimoto, Yoshihiro
name: Sakurada, Tsutomu
name: Komukai, Daisuke
name: Uchiyama, Kiyotaka
name: Washida, Naoki
name: Morimoto, Kohkichi
name: Kasai, Takahiro
name: Maruyama, Yukio
name: Higuchi, Chieko
name: Io, Hiroaki
name: Wakabayashi, Keiichi
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Peritoneal dialysis guidelines 2019. Part 2: Appendix.
Colorado water, April 1993
Creators: name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.
An empirical study of airport branding at selected Canadian international airports
Creators: name: Tse, Ivan Anthony
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 180-198
description: As the airport industry becomes more sophisticated and competitive, airport managers are including airport branding elements into their development pl ans to help create a distinctive, memorable and positive airport experience from the moment a passenger steps into the terminal until the moment they leave it. These branding elements include: 1) the choice of food and beverage facilities; 2) retail shopping; 3) pricing policies; 4) artwork; 5) the architectural design; 6) the choice of services and amenities; 7) airport service staff; and 8) the airport logo and slogan. Passengers at three Canadian airports were surveyed to find out how important each of these eight airport branding elements were in creating an airport experience that was positive, distinctive and memorable. The questionnaire results showed that certain branding elements, such as the service staff and architectural design, were rated very highly. Branding elements such as the logo/slogan scored consistently low across airports.
Solanum moense Britton & Wilson
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum moense

description: Solanum moense Britton & Wilson, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 16: 101. 1920 Type: Cuba. Oriente: Camp La Gloria, south of Sierra Moa, 24-30 Dec 1910, J.A. Schafer 8125 (holotype, NY [NY00111363]; isotype, US [US-01047827, barcode US00027693]). Distribution. Known only from a few collections in the Sierra de Moa in the eastern mountain ranges of Cuba. Representative specimen. Cuba, Holguin, Herbario Flora de Cuba (HFC) 56400 (B).
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
Solanum orthacanthum O. E. Schulz
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum orthacanthum

description: Solanum orthacanthum O.E. Schulz in Urb., Symb. Antill. 7: 537. 1913 Type: Dominican Republic. Azua prov., Valle de Yaque del Sur, 1300 m, Aug, M. Fuertes 1890 (lectotype, A [A00077559], designated here).
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
A predominant role of genotypic variation in both expression of sperm competition genes and paternity success in Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Patlar, Bahar
name: Fulham, Lauren
name: Civetta, Alberto
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 590

description: Sperm competition is a crucial aspect of male reproductive success in many species, including Drosophila melanogaster, and seminal fluid proteins (Sfps) can influence sperm competitiveness. However, the combined effect of environmental and genotypic variation on sperm competition gene expression remains poorly understood. Here, we used Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) inbred lines and manipulated developmental population density (i.e. larval density) to test the effects of genotype, environment and genotype-by-environment interactions (GEI) on the expression of the known sperm competition genes Sex Peptide, Acp36DE and CG9997. High larval density resulted in reduced adult body size, but expression of sperm competition genes remained unaffected. Furthermore, we found no significant GEI but genotypic effects in the expression of SP and Acp36DE. Our results also revealed GEI for relative competitive paternity success (second male paternity; P2), with genes’ expression positively correlated with P2. Given the effect of genotype on the expression of genes, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and identified polymorphisms in putative cis-regulatory elements as predominant factors regulating the expression of SP and Acp36DE. The association of genotypic variation with sperm competition outcomes, and the resilience of sperm competition genes’ expression against environmental challenges, demonstrates the importance of genome variation background in reproductive fitness.
Additional file 1 of Utilisation of quality antenatal, delivery and postnatal care services in Nepal: An analysis of Service Provision Assessment
Creators: name: Khatri, Resham B.
name: Durham, Jo
name: Assefa, Yibeltal
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1 : Table S1. Description of independent variables included in the utilisation of better quality MNH services in Nepal. Table S2. Items included in the HF capacity assessment for antenatal care services. Table S3. Items included in the HF capacity assessment for delivery and postnatal services. Table S4. Observations and uptake of ANC interventions for the measurement of the technical quality of ANC services. Table S5. Observations and uptake of delivery and PNC interventions for the measurement of the technical quality of delivery and PNC services.
Comparative stability study of polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80 related to oxidative degradation
Creators: name: Kozuch, Benedykt
name: Weber, Johanna
name: Buske, Julia
name: Mäder, Karsten
name: Garidel, Patrick
name: Diederichs, Tim
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 615

description: The surfactants polysorbate 20 (PS20) and polysorbate 80 (PS80) are utilized to stabilize protein drugs. However, concerns have been raised regarding the degradation of PSs in biologics and the potential impact on product quality. Oxidation has been identified as a prevalent degradation mechanism under pharmaceutically relevant conditions. So far, a systematic stability comparison of both PSs under pharmaceutically relevant conditions has not been conducted and little is known about the dependence of oxidation on PS concentration. Here, we conducted a comparative stability study to investigate (i) the different oxidative degradation propensities between PS20 and PS80 and (ii) the impact of PS concentration on oxidative degradation. PS20 and PS80 in concentrations ranging from 0.1 mg⋅mL−1 to raw material were stored at 5, 25, and 40 °C for 48 weeks in acetate buffer pH 5.5 and water, respectively. We observed a temperature-dependent oxidative degradation of the PSs with strong (40 °C), moderate (25 °C), and weak/no degradation (5 °C). Especially at elevated temperatures such as 40 °C, fast oxidative PS degradation processes were detected. In this case study, a stronger degradation and earlier onset of oxidation was observed for PS80 in comparison to PS20, detected via the fluorescence micelle assay. Additionally, degradation was found to be strongly dependent on PS concentration, with significantly less oxidative processes at higher PS concentrations. Iron impurities, oxygen in the vial headspaces, and the pH values of the formulations were identified as the main contributing factors to accelerate PS oxidation.
Analysis of Routing Algorithms for Secure Overlay Service
Creators: name: Cook, Debra L.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2002
Subjects: Computer science

description: The routing of packets through an overlay network designed to limit DDoS attacks is analyzed. The overlay network structure includes special purpose nodes which affect the routes taken through the overlay. Two main factors are considered: the routing algorithm utilized for the overlay and the method for selecting the special purpose nodes. The routing algorithms considered are based on methods originally defined for peer-to-peer services. A model was developed for the overlay network which allowed altering the routing algorithm, method for selection of special purpose nodes and the underlying ISP structure. The model was used to assess the impact of specific routing algorithms and selection methods on latency and path length. The implications of utilizing a specific method for node selection on the probability of a successful DDoS attack is briefly discussed.
Solanum coelocalyx Alain
Creators: name: Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de
name: 2009
name: Knapp, Sandra
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Solanales
Solanaceae
Solanum
Solanum coelocalyx

description: Solanum coelocalyx Alain, Phytologia 22: 170. 1971 Type: Dominican Republic. Constanza, El Motanzo, A.H. Liogier & E.J. Marcano 14716 (holotype, NY [NY00111376]; isotypes, BM [BM000886620], F [F- 1773526], GH [GH00231758]). Distribution. Endemic to the eastern part of the island of Hispaniola in the Dominican Republic in moist areas in montane pine forest from 1200-1400 m elevation. Representative specimen. Dominican Republic. Prov. La Vega, Zanoni & al. 23215 (JBSD). The sheet of Fuertes 1890 at A (Fig. 4a) is the only duplicate of the type collection I have been able to trace, and thus I have chosen it as the lectotype of Solanum orthacanthum.
description: Published as part of Madrid, Anales del Jardín Botánico de, 2009 & Knapp, Sandra, 2009, Synopsis and lectotypification of Solanum (Solanaceae) species endemic in the West Indies, pp. 65-84 in Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid 66 (1) on page 76, DOI: 10.3989/ajbm.2209, http://zenodo.org/record/6326308
Voicing grace: radical utopian politics in Dionne Brand's 'No language is neutral and bread out of stone'
Creators: name: Garrett, Brenda
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Brand, Dionne, 1953- No language is neutral
subject: Brand, Dionne, 1953- Bread out of stone
subject: Brand, Dionne, 1953- --criticism and interpretation
subject: Utopias in literature

description: Bibliography: p. 164-168.
Image Formats: Five Years after the AAPM Standard for Digital Image Interchange
Creators: name: Maguire, Gerald Q.
name: Noz, Marilyn E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: The publication of AAPM Report No. 10 was the first attempt to standardize image formats in the medical imaging community. Since then, three other groups have formed (CART -- the Scandinavian collaboration for Computer Assisted Radiation Therapy treatment planning; ACR-NEMA, a collaboration whose purpose is to formulate a standard digital interface to medical imaging equipment; and COST B2 Nuclear Medicine Project a European collaboration whose purpose is to define a format for digital image exchange in Nuclear Medicine). The AAPM format uses key-value pairs in plain text to keep track of all information associated with a particular image. The radiation oncology community in the U.S. has been defining key-value pairs for use with CT, nuclear medicine and MR images. The COST B2 Nuclear Medicine Project has also adopted this format and together with the Australian/New Zealand Society of Nuclear Medicine Technical Standards Sub-Committee which has also adopted this format has defined an initial set of key-value pairs for Nuclear Medicine images. Additionally, both ACR-NEMA and CART have been defining fields for use with the same types of images. The CART collaboration has introduced a database which is available electronically, but is maintained by a group of individuals. ACR-NEMA operates through committee meetings. The COST B2 group operates through electronic (and postal where necessary) mail. To insure a consistent set of field names in such a rapidly developing arena requires the use of a server rather than a committee. Via a server a person would inquire if a particular field had been defined. If so, the defined name would be returned. If not, the person would be given the opportunity to define the field. The next inquiry would return the previously defined field. As new modalities are added to the imaging repertoire, it would be easier and faster to ensure the consistency and adequacy of the database; e.g., in the present version of its standard, the ACR-NEMA fields are adequate for CT but there are very few fields suitable for describing the parameters associated with nuclear medicine and MR images.
Highlighting User Related Advice
Creators: name: McKeown, Kathleen
name: Weida, Robert Anthony
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1988
Subjects: Computer science

description: Research on explanation techniques for expert systems has demonstrated that (1) explanations are most effective when they address the user's needs and (2) it is necessary to augment explanations with information that is missing from the expert system‘s reasoning. It is our thesis that explanation content can also be improved by removing extraneous information from the system's reasoning and recognizing the remainder to emphasize user concerns. To test our ideas, we have developed an interactive natural language problem-solving system called ADVISOR which advises students on course selection. Previously, we have reported on our methodology for deriving user goals from the discourse, representing different points of view in the knowledge base and inferring user-oriented advice with a rule-based system that employs information from the appropriate perspective to address user goals. In this paper, we describe a model for pruning an explanation to highlight the role of the user's goal. The model is part of ADVISOR's natural language generation component. We demonstrate its efficacy with examples of different advice that ADVISOR provides for the same query in the context of different goals.
Constructing Subtle Concurrency Bugs Using Synchronization-Centric Second-Order Mutation Operators
Creators: name: Wu, Leon Li
name: Kaiser, Gail E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Computer science

description: Mutation testing applies mutation operators to modify program source code or byte code in small ways, and then runs these modified programs (i.e., mutants) against a test suite in order to evaluate the quality of the test suite. In this paper, we first describe a general fault model for con- current programs and some limitations of previously developed sets of first-order concurrency mutation operators. We then present our new mutation testing approach, which employs synchronization-centric second-order mutation operators that are able to generate subtle concurrency bugs not represented by the first-order mutation. These operators are used in addition to the synchronization-centric first-order mutation operators to form a small set of effective concurrency mutation operators for mutant generation. Our empirical study shows that our set of operators is effective in mutant generation with limited cost and demonstrates that this new approach is easy to implement.
Themenheft: Digitalisierung
Creators: name: Sauer, Jochen
name: Nießen, Johannes Maximilian
Publisher: name: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen
Year: 2020

description: Inhalt des Themenheftes Lateinunterricht in Corona-Zeiten Übersetzung und digitale Angebote Digitale Lernangebote im Stationenlernen Excursio digitalis Digitalgestützte Lehr-Lern-Settings Digital Game-Based Learning? World of Classcraft im Lateinunterricht Präsenz- und Distanzlernen im Wechsel Der Bürger zwischen zwei Lebensmodellen Pro & Contra Rezensionen Interview zum Lehrgang Abitur online
description: Latein und Griechisch in Nordrhein-Westfalen, Nr. 2 (2020): Digitalisierung
Local and large-scale conformational dynamics in unfolded proteins and IDPs : II. Effect of temperature and internal friction
Creators: name: Krieger, Florian
name: Stecher, Karin
name: Nyffenegger, Christian
name: Schleeger, Michael
name: Kiefhaber, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Internal dynamics of proteins are essential for protein folding and function. Dynamics in unfolded proteins are of particular interest since they are the basis for many cellular processes like folding, misfolding, aggregation, and amyloid formation and also determine the properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). It is still an open question of what governs motions in unfolded proteins and whether they encounter major energy barriers. Here we use triplet–triplet energy transfer (TTET) in unfolded homopolypeptide chains and IDPs to characterize the barriers for local and long-range loop formation. The results show that the formation of short loops encounters major energy barriers with activation energies (Ea) up to 18 kJ/mol (corrected for effects of temperature on water viscosity) with very little dependence on amino acid sequence. For poly(Gly-Ser) and polySer chains the barrier decreases with increasing loop size and reaches a limiting value of 4.6 ± 0.4 kJ/mol for long and flexible chains. This observation is in accordance with the concept of internal friction encountered by chain motions due to steric effects, which is high for local motions and decreases with increasing loop size. Comparison with the results from the viscosity dependence of loop formation shows a negative correlation between Ea and the sensitivity of the reaction to solvent viscosity (α) in accordance with the Grote–Hynes theory of memory friction. The Arrhenius pre-exponential factor (A) also decreases with increasing loop size, indicating increased entropic costs for loop formation. Long-range loop formation in the investigated sequences derived from IDPs shows increased Ea and A compared with poly(Gly-Ser) and polySer chains. This increase is exclusively due to steric effects that cause additional internal friction, whereas intramolecular hydrogen bonds, dispersion forces, and charge interactions do not affect the activation parameters.
Local and large-scale conformational dynamics in unfolded proteins and IDPs : I. Effect of solvent viscosity and macromolecular crowding
Creators: name: Stecher, Karin
name: Krieger, Florian
name: Schleeger, Michael
name: Kiefhaber, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Protein/solvent interactions largely influence protein dynamics, particularly motions in unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Here, we apply triplet-triplet energy transfer (TTET) to investigate the coupling of internal protein motions to solvent motions by determining the effect of solvent viscosity (η) and macromolecular crowding on the rate constants of loop formation (kc) in several unfolded polypeptide chains including IDPs. The results show that the viscosity dependence of loop formation depends on amino acid sequence, loop length, and co-solute size. Below a critical size (rc), co-solutes exert a maximum effect, indicating that under these conditions microviscosity experienced by chain motions matches macroviscosity of the solvent. rc depends on chain stiffness and reflects the length scale of the chain motions, i.e., it is related to the persistence length. Above rc, the effect of solvent viscosity decreases with increasing co-solute size. For co-solutes typically used to mimic cellular environments, a scaling of kc ∝ η–0.1 is observed, suggesting that dynamics in unfolded proteins are only marginally modulated in cells. The effect of solvent viscosity on kc in the small co-solute limit (below rc) increases with increasing chain length and chain flexibility. Formation of long and very flexible loops exhibits a kc ∝ η–1 viscosity dependence, indicating full solvent coupling. Shorter and less flexible loops show weaker solvent coupling with values as low as kc ∝ η–0.75 ± 0.02. Coupling of formation of short loops to solvent motions is very little affected by amino acid sequence, but solvent coupling of long-range loop formation is decreased by side chain sterics.
Discretization of Parametrizable Signal Manifolds
Creators: name: Vural, Elif
name: Frossard, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Transformation-invariant analysis of signals often requires the computation of the distance from a test pattern to a transformation manifold. In particular, the estimation of the distances between a transformed query signal and several transformation manifolds representing different classes provides essential information for the classification of the signal. In many applications the computation of the exact distance to the manifold is costly, whereas an efficient practical solution is the approximation of the manifold distance with the aid of a manifold grid. In this paper, we consider a setting with transformation manifolds of known parameterization. We first present an algorithm for the selection of samples from a single manifold that permits to minimize the average error in the manifold distance estimation. Then we propose a method for the joint discretization of multiple manifolds that represent different signal classes, where we optimize the transformation-invariant classification accuracy yielded by the discrete manifold representation. Experimental results show that sampling each manifold individually by minimizing the manifold distance estimation error outperforms baseline sampling solutions with respect to registration and classification accuracy. Performing an additional joint optimization on all samples improves the classification performance further. Moreover, given a fixed total number of samples to be selected from all manifolds, an asymmetric distribution of samples to different manifolds depending on their geometric structures may also increase the classification accuracy in comparison with the equal distribution of samples.
Singlino-driven Electroweak Baryogenesis in the Next-to-MSSM
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Hou, Tie-Jiun
name: Lee, Jae Sik
name: Senaha, Eibun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a new possibility of electroweak baryogenesis in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model. In this model, a strong first-order electroweak phase transition can be achieved due to the additional singlet Higgs field. The new impact of its superpartner (singlino) on the baryon asymmetry is investigated by employing the closed-time-path formalism. We find that the CP violating source term fueled by the singlino could be large enough to generate the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe without any conflicts with the current constraints from the non-observation of the Thallium, neutron and Mercury electric dipole moments.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures. To appear in PLB
Colorado water, December 1998
Creators: name: Bryant, J. B.
name: McCaig, Veva
name: Carillo, John
name: Miller, Shirley
name: Colorado Water Resources Research Institute, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Water resources development -- Colorado
subject: Water use -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Colorado
subject: Water-supply -- Management -- Colorado

description: The scope of the newsletter is devoted to enhancing communication between Colorado water users and managers and faculty at the research universities in the state.
description: Newsletter of the Colorado Water Resources Research Institute.