cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Responses to Habitat Fragmentation in the Frugivorous Black-and-White Ruffed Lemur (Varecia variegata): Implications for the Conservation of a Critically Endangered Species
Creators: name: Petersen, Melody
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: habitat fragmentation
subject: behavioural flexibility
subject: diet
subject: Anthropology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: With sustained deforestation occurring globally, large tracts of continuous forest are increasingly divided into small forest fragments. The edge effects that accompany forest fragmentation (e.g., increased wind speed and light intensity) result in alterations to plant communities, and ultimately food availability for primary consumers. The abundance of large, fruiting trees has been found to substantially decline in forest fragments, challenging frugivorous species in obtaining adequate food resources. Black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata) are among the most frugivorous of all lemur species, which may be a contributing factor to their Critically Endangered conservation status and sensitivity to habitat disturbance. In this thesis, I investigate the behavioural responses of V. variegata to forest fragmentation through comparing populations across three forest fragments – Sangasanga (71 ha), Vatovavy (232 ha), and Tsitola (597 ha) – in the Kianjavato region of southeastern Madagascar. I found that both fragments <500 ha have a lower availability of fruit than the largest fragment, Tsitola. Interestingly, individuals in Sangasanga had the highest dietary diversity and maintained a high degree of frugivory year-round. In contrast, individuals in Vatovavy had the lowest dietary diversity and consumed the largest proportions of flowers of all three fragments, consuming the nectar of Ravenala madagascariensis for more than 40% of the diet over 17 months. In investigating long-term trends of R. madagascariensis consumption by V. variegata, I found that consumption is strongly correlated with availability in both Sangasanga and Vatovavy, and suggest that this may be a preferred food resource at Kianjavato. V. variegata thus appears able to respond flexibly to the habitat alterations induced by forest fragmentation through exhibiting contrasting dietary strategies. However, R. madagascariensis is likely to be an important component of these populations’ continued survival in this anthropogenically modified landscape.
An Application Layer Protocol to Support Cooperative Navigation of Multiple UAVs Systems
Creators: name: Basso, Maik
name: Vinel, Alexey
name: Pignaton De Freitas, Edison
Publisher: name: European Association of Software Science and Technology
Year: 2021

description: Applications involving multiple UAVs have gained increasing relevance in recent years, due to the benefits that cooperative systems tend to provide to their applications. In addition to performing several simultaneous tasks, the time spent to perform a certain task is reduced. In this article, an architecture for sharing navigation information is demonstrated to support applications composed of systems with multiple UAVs.
description: Electronic Communications of the EASST, Volume 80: Conference on Networked Systems 2021 (NetSys 2021)
Towards an Effective Importance Sampling in Monte Carlo Simulations of a System with a Complex Action
Creators: name: Anagnostopoulos, Konstantinos N.
name: Azuma, Takehiro
name: Nishimura, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sign problem is a notorious problem, which occurs in Monte Carlo simulations of a system with a partition function whose integrand is not positive. One way to simulate such a system is to use the factorization method where one enforces sampling in the part of the configuration space which gives important contribution to the partition function. This is accomplished by using constraints on some observables chosen appropriately and minimizing the free energy associated with their joint distribution functions. These observables are maximally correlated with the complex phase. Observables not in this set essentially decouple from the phase and can be calculated without the sign problem in the corresponding "microcanonical" ensemble. These ideas are applied on a simple matrix model with very strong sign problem and the results are found to be consistent with analytic calculations using the Gaussian Expansion Method.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, Contribution to the XXIX International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory - Lattice 2011
Guidelines on the Introduction and Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Parliamentary Workspace
Creators: name: Fitsilis, Fotios
name: von Lucke, Jörn
name: Mikros, George
name: Ruckert, Jonathan
name: Alberto de Oliveira Lima, João
name: Hershowitz, Ari
name: Philip Todd, Bruce
name: Leventis, Sotiris
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified

description: As the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in parliamentary processes becomes increasingly prevalent, it is necessary to establish ethical and operational guidelines that ensure accountability, transparency, and human autonomy, while promoting sustainable development goals and protecting privacy, security, and diversity. With this aim, a technical working group convened on the occasion of the ‘LegisTech: the Americas’ conference in Brasília (13-14 April 2023) to develop a first set of guidelines setting out the ethical and operational principles for the introduction and use of AI in the parliamentary workspace. Central to these guidelines is the understanding that any AI product or process must serve as an instrument to promote and uphold the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. These preliminary guidelines are classified into several sections and offer general guidance for parliaments to gradually develop their own custom regulatory framework.
Demo: Traffic Splitting for Tor – A Defense against Fingerprinting Attacks
Creators: name: Reuter, Sebastian
name: Hiller, Jens
name: Pennekamp, Jan
name: Panchenko, Andriy
name: Wehrle, Klaus
Publisher: name: European Association of Software Science and Technology
Year: 2021

description: Website fingerprinting (WFP) attacks on the anonymity network Tor have become ever more effective. Furthermore, research discovered that proposed defenses are insufficient or cause high overhead. In previous work, we presented a new WFP defense for Tor that incorporates multipath transmissions to repel malicious Tor nodes from conducting WFP attacks. In this demo, we showcase the operation of our traffic splitting defense by visually illustrating the underlying Tor multipath transmission using LED-equipped Raspberry Pis.
description: Electronic Communications of the EASST, Volume 80: Conference on Networked Systems 2021 (NetSys 2021)
The Effects of Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation on Motor Learning, Motor Maps, and Functional Networks in Children
Creators: name: Giuffre, Adrianna
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Non-invasive Brain Stimulation
subject: Pediatrics
subject: Perinatal Stroke
subject: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
subject: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
subject: Motor Learning
subject: Neuroscience

description: Mapping the structure and function of the motor system in children informs our understanding of brain development, health, and disease. Neuronavigated robotic transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a state-of-the-art tool that can non-invasively explore primary motor cortex (M1) excitability and generate high-resolution motor maps of upper extremity muscles. However, fundamental studies are lacking in the developing brain. We propose a safe protocol, integrating methods capable of simultaneously exploring M1 modulation and TMS motor maps in typically developing children. Next, we investigated whether behavioural performance corresponds to TMS motor map outcomes and M1-excitability. We generated detailed bilateral motor maps of multiple hand muscles and observed hemispheric-specific relationships between M1-excitability, map outcomes, and motor performance. As most TMS mapping studies have reported variable results, we also determined the reliability of robotic TMS motor maps and specific outcomes across short- and long-term sessions. Our findings suggest that careful interpretation of mapping protocols and outcomes is required to interrogate M1 plasticity. M1 has become a central target to modulate plasticity for its critical role in motor control and learning. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can non-invasively modulate M1-excitability in healthy and clinical populations. Primarily studied in adults, tDCS can enhance motor learning when paired with a motor task. However, the effects of tDCS may differ in the developing brain due to anatomical and maturational idiosyncrasies. High-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) provides more focal targeting of cortical areas, leading to enhanced motor learning in adults, but is yet to be investigated in a pediatric population. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effects of tDCS and HD-tDCS on upper limb motor learning in typically developing children. We demonstrated that both forms of stimulation safely enhanced motor learning with long-term retention of effects. With a pressing need to determine the underlying mechanisms of such neuromodulation, we then applied our TMS mapping methods and advanced functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) techniques to characterize the effects of tDCS-enhanced motor learning on motor network physiology. Alterations in motor maps and both inter-and intra-hemispheric functional motor networks were identified. We have advanced the understanding of motor system developmental and interventional plasticity in children.
Do work–family conflict or family–work conflict mediate relationships between work-related hazards and stress and pain?
Creators: name: Weale, Victoria
name: Lambert, Katrina
name: Graham, Melissa
name: Stuckey, Margaret
name: Oakman, Jodi
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4206
subject: Public health
classificationCode: 3505
subject: Human resources and industrial relations
classificationCode: 4202
subject: Epidemiology

description: Introduction: Previous research has identified associations between work–family conflict (WFC) and health outcomes (e.g., musculoskeletal pain). This study investigated whether WFC and family–work conflict explain relationships between exposure to work-related hazards and musculoskeletal pain and stress for workers undertaking some or all of their work at home. Possible differences by home workspace location were also explored. Methods: Longitudinal survey data were collected from workers in Australia engaged in work from home for at least two days per week. Data was collected at four timepoints approximately 6 months apart (Baseline [October 2020] n = 897; Wave 1 [May/June 2021] n = 368; Wave 2 [October/November 2021] n = 336; Wave 3 [May 2022] n = 269). Subjective measures of work-related psychosocial hazards, occupational sitting and physical activity, musculoskeletal pain, and stress were collected via an online questionnaire. Mediation analyses were conducted using the R package “mediation.” Analyses were also conducted with the data set stratified by home office location, using R version 4.1.3. Results: Both WFC and family–work conflict acted as mediators between psychosocial work-related hazards and musculoskeletal pain and stress. WFC mediated more relationships than family–work conflict. Location of home workspace was important, particularly for those working in a space at home where they may be subject to interruptions. Conclusion: Addressing WFC is a legitimate means through which musculoskeletal pain and stress can be reduced. Organizational risk management strategies need to address all work-related risks, including those stemming from work-life interaction.
Matching on Generalized Propensity Scores with Continuous Exposures
Creators: name: Wu, Xiao
name: Mealli, Fabrizia
name: Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna
name: Dominici, Francesca
name: Braun, Danielle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Virology
Computational Biology

description: In the context of a binary treatment, matching is a well-established approach in causal inference. However, in the context of a continuous treatment or exposure, matching is still underdeveloped. We propose an innovative matching approach to estimate an average causal exposure-response function under the setting of continuous exposures that relies on the generalized propensity score (GPS). Our approach maintains the following attractive features of matching: (a) clear separation between the design and the analysis; (b) robustness to model misspecification or to the presence of extreme values of the estimated GPS; (c) straightforward assessments of covariate balance. We first introduce an assumption of identifiability, called local weak unconfoundedness. Under this assumption and mild smoothness conditions, we provide theoretical guarantees that our proposed matching estimator attains point-wise consistency and asymptotic normality. In simulations, our proposed matching approach outperforms existing methods under settings with model misspecification or in the presence of extreme values of the estimated GPS. We apply our proposed method to estimate the average causal exposure-response function between long-term PM2.5exposure and all-cause mortality among 68.5 million Medicare enrollees, 2000–2016. We found strong evidence of a harmful effect of long-term PM2.5exposure on mortality. Code for the proposed matching approach is provided in the CausalGPS R package, which is available on CRAN and provides a computationally efficient implementation. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
The Nice Girl Plight: Struggling to Become a Socially Just Citizen
Creators: name: Van Beers, Rae Ann Shawna
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: social justice education
subject: citizenship education
subject: duoethnography
subject: girls
subject: children's rights
subject: Education--Curriculum and Instruction
subject: Education--Secondary

description: This study addressed the overarching question of how secondary students understood social justice, and how those understandings impacted the actions they took to make a difference in the world. The qualitative research focused on an extra-curricular social justice group that was populated by middle school girls that year, highlighting the role that gender often plays in such groups. True to duoethnographic form, the research became personal as I saw my own nice-girl-self reflected in the participants’ words and actions, rather than simply being a study in which I considered the data my participants created through their peer-to-peer duoethnographic conversations. In working through this, and with respect for my participants, I saw the need to counter the notion that social justice movements were filled with nice, (often) white girls who uncritically perpetuate the systemic issues and inequities they were working to change. Using the participants’ conversations, researcher observations, and the group’s meeting minutes as sources of data, the work highlighted the contributions that middle school girls can make as citizens of their school, and even more broadly as they deepened their understandings of the implications of their actions on others around the world. The findings of the study call for researchers and educators to enhance students’ opportunities for meaningful participation in the world of educational research, to interact with them as equal partners in social justice work, and encourage them to critique their own complicity in their attempts at activism.
On the running of the gravitational constant
Creators: name: Anber, Mohamed M.
name: Donoghue, John F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that there is no useful and universal definition of a running gravitational constant, G(E), in the perturbative regime below the Planck scale. By consideration of the loop corrections to several physical processes, we show that the quantum corrections vary greatly, in both magnitude and sign, and do not exhibit the required properties of a running coupling constant. We comment on the potential challenges of these results for the Asymptotic Safety program.
description: 13 pages, references added
La Evolución de los Videojuegos.docx
Creators: name: Landa, Elvis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460703
subject: Entertainment and gaming

description: Descubre la asombrosa evolución de los videojuegos en nuestro último artículo, "Videojuegos: Un Viaje A Través del Tiempo y la Tecnología". Desde los arcades hasta la realidad virtual, exploramos hitos clave y entrevistamos a desarrolladores para sumergirte en la fascinante historia de una industria que ha pasado de los simples píxeles a experiencias inmersivas. Desde la llegada de consolas icónicas hasta la revolución de los juegos en línea, este artículo destaca la transformación de los videojuegos en una forma de arte interactiva. Prepárate para un recorrido único que celebra la creatividad, la innovación y la comunidad que ha dado forma a los mundos digitales que amamos.
Influence of spin polarization on resistivity of a two-dimensional electron gas in Si MOSFET at metallic densities
Creators: name: Shlimak, I.
name: Butenko, A.
name: Golosov, D. I.
name: Friedland, K. -J.
name: Kravchenko, S. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Positive magnetoresistance (PMR) of a silicon MOSFET in parallel magnetic fields B has been measured at high electron densities n >> n_c where n_c is the critical density of the metal-insulator transition (MIT). It turns out that the normalized PMR curves, R(B)/R(0), merge together when the field is scaled according to B/B_c(n) where B_c is the field in which electrons become fully spin polarized. The values of B_c have been calculated from the simple equality between the Zeeman splitting energy and the Fermi energy taking into account the experimentally measured dependence of the spin susceptibility on the electron density. This extends the range of validity of the scaling all the way to a deeply metallic regime far away from MIT. The subsequent analysis of PMR for low n >~ n_c demonstrated that the merging of the initial parts of curves can bee achieved only with taking into account the temperature dependence of B_c. It is also shown that the shape of the PMR curves at strong magnetic fields is affected by a crossover from a purely two-dimensional (2D) electron transport to a regime where out-of-plane carrier motion becomes important (quasi-three-dimensional regime).
description: 5 pages, including 6 figures; misprints corrected; Europhys. Lett. (in press)
General Charge Balance Functions, A Tool for Studying the Chemical Evolution of the Quark-Gluon Plasma
Creators: name: Pratt, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the canonical picture of the evolution of the quark-gluon plasma during a high-energy heavy-ion collision, quarks are produced in two waves. The first is during the first fm/c of the collision, when gluons thermalize into the QGP. After a roughly isentropic expansion that roughly conserves the number of quarks, a second wave ensues at hadronization, 5-10 fm/c into the collision. Since each hadron contains at least two quarks, the majority of quark production occurs at this later time. For each quark produced in a heavy-ion collision, an anti-quark of the same flavor is created at the same point in space-time. Charge balance functions identify, on a statistical basis, the location of balancing charges for a given hadron, and given the picture above one expects the distribution in relative rapidity of balancing charges to be characterized by two scales. After first demonstrating how charge balance functions can be created using any pair of hadronic states, it will be shown how one can identify and study both processes of quark production. By considering balance functions of several hadronic species, and by performing illustrative calculations, this class of measurement appears to hold the prospect of providing the field's most stringent insight into the chemical evolution of the QGP.
description: 11 pages, 1 figure (explanations and steps added to derivations, typos fixed, minor error in calculation fixed and some signs fixed)
Extreme Coronal Line Emitters: Tidal Disruption of Stars by Massive Black Holes in Galactic Nuclei?
Creators: name: Wang, Tinggui
name: Zhou, Hongyan
name: Komossa, S.
name: Wang, Huiyuan
name: Yuan, Weimin
name: Yang, Chenwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies is expected to produce unique emission line signatures, which have not yet been explored adequately. Here we report the discovery of extremely strong coronal lines from [Fe X] up to [Fe XIV] in a sample of seven galaxies (including two recently reported cases), that we interpret as such signatures. This is the first systematic search for objects of this kind, by making use of the immense database of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The galaxies, which are non-active as evidenced by the narrow-line ratios, show broad emission lines of complex profiles in more than half of the sample. Both the high ionization coronal lines and the broad lines turn out to be fading on time scales of years in objects observed with spectroscopic follow-ups, suggesting their transient nature. Variations of inferred non-stellar continua, which have absolute magnitudes of at least -16 to -18 mag in the g band, are also detected in more than half of the sample. These extreme coronal line emitters reside in sub-L_* disk galaxies (-21.3 < M_i < -18.5) with small stellar velocity dispersions. The sample seems to form two distinct types based on the presence or absence of the [Fe VII] lines, with the latter having relatively low luminosities of [O III], [Fe XI], and the host galaxies. These characteristics can most naturally be understood in the context of transient accretion onto intermediate mass black holes at galactic centers following tidal disruption of stars in a gas-rich environment. We estimate the incidence of such events to be around 10^-5 per year for a galaxy with -21.5 < M_i < -18.5.
description: 32 pages, 12 figures, ApJ accepted, typos corrected
No change in sight - Togo's Political and Socio-Economic Development (2017 – 2019) [Author's extended and up-dated version of 'BTI 2020 – Togo Country Report' ]
Creators: name: Kohnert, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Togo
West Africa
democratization
Good Governance
fragile states
ECOWAS
WAEMU

description: The Gnassingbé clan has ruled the country since 1967. The demand for political alternance, initiated by institutional and electoral reforms, constituted the major contentious issue between the government and the challengers of the Gnassingbé regime throughout the survey period. An alliance of opposition parties and civil society groups organized peaceful demonstrations in opposition to the regime, which were often violently suppressed. Civil society organizations and representatives of the Christian church supported the demands of the opposition. The legislative elections of 20 December 2018, boycotted by the major opposition parties, resulted in an easy victory of the ruling party. The local elections, crucial for democratization at the grass-roots, but postponed time and again since 1987, were again postponed in December 2018 sine die. The human rights record of the government has improved but remains poor. Despite undeniable improvements to the framework and appearance of the regime's key institutions during the review period, democracy remains far from complete. However, the international community, notably Togo’s African peers, the AU and ECOWAS, followed a ‘laissez-faire’ approach in the interests of regional stability and their national interests in dealing with Togo. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum. Public investment in infrastructure (e.g. roads, harbour) and increases in agricultural productivity, notably of export crops, had been the key drivers of economic growth. However, growth remains vulnerable to external shocks and the climate and has not been inclusive. Positive growth was overshadowed by increasing inter-personal and regional inequality as well as an increase in extreme poverty. Moreover, money-laundering, illegal money transfers and trafficking grew alarmingly. The business climate improved considerably nevertheless.
description: Author's extended and annotated version of ' BTI  2020 –Togo Country Report',  amended  with  hyperlinks  to several  additional  sources,  references  as  well  as  a  list  of  further  readings –The 'BTI  2020 -Togo-Country Report ' is part of the Bertelsmann Foundation's Transformation Index (BTI) 2020.  It covers the period from 31 January  2017  to  31  January  2019 .  The  BTI  assesses  the  transformation  toward  democracy  and  a  market economy  as  well  as  the  quality  of  political  management  in  129  countries.  Gütersloh:  Bertelsmann  Foundation,  forthcoming (2020).  More on the BTI at http://www.bti-project.org
Superconducting Fluctuations and Anomalous Phonon Renormalization much above superconducting transition temperature in Ca4Al2O5.7Fe2As2
Creators: name: Kumar, Pradeep
name: Bera, A.
name: Muthu, D. V. S.
name: Shirage, P. M.
name: Iyo, A.
name: Sood, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Raman studies on Ca4Al2O5.7Fe2As2 superconductor in the temperature range of 5 K to 300 K, covering the superconducting transition temperature Tc ~ 28.3 K, reveal that the Raman mode at ~ 230 cm-1 shows a sharp jump in frequency by ~ 2 % and linewidth increases by ~ 175 % at To ~ 60 K. Below To, anomalous softening of the mode frequency and a large decrease by ~ 10 cm-1 in the linewidth is observed. These precursor effects at T0 (~ 2Tc) are attributed to significant superconducting fluctuations, possibly enhanced due to reduced dimensionality arising from weaked coupling between the well separated (~ 15 Å) Fe-As layers in the unit cell. A large blue-shift of the mode frequency between 300 K to 60 K (~7%) indicates strong spin-phonon coupling in this superconductor.
description: Iron based Superconductor
Phases of the excitonic condensate in two-layer graphene
Creators: name: Suprunenko, Yevhen F.
name: Cheianov, Vadim
name: Fal'ko, Vladimir I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two graphene monolayers that are oppositely charged and placed close to each other are considered. Taking into account valley and spin degeneracy of electrons we analyze the symmetry of the excitonic insulator states in such a system and build a phase diagram that takes into account the effect of the symmetry breaking due to the external in-plane magnetic field and the carrier density imbalance between the layers.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, 1 table
Mutation discovery and characterization in lymphoid neoplasms using massively parallel RNA and DNA sequencing
Creators: name: Morin, Ryan David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2013

description: New massively parallel sequencing technologies offer opportunities to profile genomes and transcriptomes for copy number variations, polymorphisms, somatic point mutations, chromosomal rearrangements and can capture gene expression and splicing information. A suite of methods was developed to analyze both RNA-seq and whole genome/exome sequence data from malignant cells for the purpose of identifying somatic point mutations and fusion transcripts. This work reports the application of these and other tools to gain insights into the somatic mutations involved in two common classes of lymphoid malignancies, namely non Hodgkin lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Analysis of multiple cases by a combination of RNA-seq, genome and exome sequencing revealed genes significantly mutated in non Hodgkin lymphoma including many not previously known to be mutated in these or any other cancers. These included multiple genes involved in altering the methylation or acetylation state of histones such as EZH2, MLL2, CREBBP and MEF2B, suggesting a previously unappreciated role of deregulated or altered epigenetic gene regulation in lymphomagenesis. Some of the mutated genes, such as MLL2, had clear patterns of inactivating mutations, indicating they act as tumour suppressors in NHL. Others had mutation hot spots that can be indicative of an oncogenic gain of function and this was proven to be the case for the mutation hot spot identified in EZH2. Analysis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia revealed both novel point mutations and fusion transcripts. The latter included fusions that potentially deregulate known oncogenes such as JAK2 and ABL1. These data may indicate new treatment options for patients with ALL and NHL and lend new insights into the molecular nature of these diseases.
It is a Graviton! or maybe not
Creators: name: Fok, Ricky
name: Guimaraes, Carol
name: Lewis, Randy
name: Sanz, Veronica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discovery of Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravitons is a smoking gun of extra dimensions. Other scenarios, however, could give rise to spin-two resonances of a new strongly-coupled sector and act as impostors. In this paper we prove that a spin-two resonance does not couple to the Standard Model through dimension-four operators. We then show that the massive graviton and its impostor both couple to the Standard Model through the same dimension-five operators. Therefore the spin determination is identical. Nevertheless, we also show that one can use the ratio of branching ratios to photons and to jets for distinguishing between KK gravitons and their impostors. The capacity to distinguish between KK gravitons and impostors is a manifestation of the breakdown of the duality between AdS and strongly-coupled theories.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. References added, typos corrected
Modern Ab Initio Approaches and Applications in Few-Nucleon Physics with A \ge 4
Creators: name: Leidemann, Winfried
name: Orlandini, Giuseppina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an overview of the evolution of ab initio methods for few-nucleon systems with A \ge 4, tracing the progress made that today allows precision calculations for these systems. First a succinct description of the diverse approaches is given. In order to identify analogies and differences the methods are grouped according to different formulations of the quantum mechanical many-body problem. Various significant applications from the past and present are described. We discuss the results with emphasis on the developments following the original implementations of the approaches. In particular we highlight benchmark results which represent important milestones towards setting an ever growing standard for theoretical calculations. This is relevant for meaningful comparisons with experimental data. Such comparisons may reveal whether a specific force model is appropriate for the description of nuclear dynamics.
description: extension of the previous version from 70 to 78 pages, 24 figures, 17 tables, in press: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Large-scale clustering of galaxies in general relativity
Creators: name: Jeong, Donghui
name: Schmidt, Fabian
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several recent studies have shown how to properly calculate the observed clustering of galaxies in a relativistic context, and uncovered corrections to the Newtonian calculation that become significant on scales near the horizon. Here, we retrace these calculations and show that, on scales approaching the horizon, the observed galaxy power spectrum depends strongly on which gauge is assumed to relate the intrinsic fluctuations in galaxy density to matter perturbations through a linear bias relation. Starting from simple physical assumptions, we derive a gauge-invariant expression relating galaxy density perturbations to matter density perturbations on large scales, and show that it reduces to a linear bias relation in synchronous-comoving gauge, corroborating an assumption made in several recent papers. We evaluate the resulting observed galaxy power spectrum, and show that it leads to corrections similar to an effective non-Gaussian bias corresponding to a local (effective) fNL < 0.5. This number can serve as a guideline as to which surveys need to take into account relativistic effects. We also discuss the scale-dependent bias induced by primordial non-Gaussianity in the relativistic context, which again is simplest in synchronous-comoving gauge.
description: 27 pages, 8 figures
Splash control of drop impacts with geometric targets
Creators: name: Juarez, Gabriel
name: Gastopoulos, Thomai
name: Zhang, Yibin
name: Siegel, Michael L.
name: Arratia, Paulo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Drop impacts on solid and liquid surfaces exhibit complex dynamics due to the competition of inertial, viscous, and capillary forces. After impact, a liquid lamella develops and expands radially, and under certain conditions, the outer rim breaks up into an irregular arrangement of filaments and secondary droplets. We show experimentally that the lamella expansion and subsequent break up of the outer rim can be controlled by length scales that are of comparable dimension to the impacting drop diameter. Under identical impact parameters, ie. fluid properties and impact velocity, we observe unique splashing dynamics by varying the target cross-sectional geometry. These behaviors include: (i) geometrically-shaped lamellae and (ii) a transition in splashing stability, from regular to irregular splashing. We propose that regular splashes are controlled by the azimuthal perturbations imposed by the target cross-sectional geometry and that irregular splashes are governed by the fastest-growing unstable Plateau-Rayleigh mode.
Microscopic determination of urinary epithelial cells and crystals in inhabitants of the community of Cunduacán, Tabasco.
Creators: name: Vázquez-Cahuich, Daniel
name: Ricardez-Santiago, Miguel
name: Deyvie Alexander Pascual-Cruz
name: Caamal-Sánchez, Jesús Antonio
name: Carmona-Guzmán, Moisés Renato
name: Dorantes, Maria Teresa Flores
name: Montero, Pascual Pedraza
name: Lorenzo, Patricia Mendoza
name: Ruiz, Patricia Jiménez
name: Cahuich, Daniel Alejandro Vázquez
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: The general urine test (EGO) consists of physical, chemical and microscopic tests that can help in the diagnosis of urinary or renal diseases. The presence of crystals is associated with alterations in renal function, a risk factor for urinary lithiasis. On the other hand, the presence of epithelial cells (CE) in the EGO and its morphology help to define the site of origin and to diagnose whether the damage is due to a high or low urinary tract lesion.
Spontaneous Breaking of Lorentz Symmetry by Ghost Condensation in Perturbative Quantum Gravity
Creators: name: Faizal, Mir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we will study the spontaneous breakdown of the Lorentz symmetry by ghost condensation in perturbative quantum gravity. Our analysis will be done in the Curci-Ferrari gauge. We will also analyse modification of the BRST and the anti-BRST transformations by the formation of this ghost condensate. It will be shown that even though the modified BRST and the modified anti-BRST transformations are not nilpotent, their nilpotency is restored on-shell.
description: 8 pages, 0 figures, to appear in J. Phys. A as a fast track communication
Quark Pair Production in Expanding Glasma
Creators: name: Iwazaki, Aiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Glasma in high energy heavy ion collisions is longitudinal classical color electric and magnetic fields. The color electric field has been shown to produces quark and anti-quark pairs by the Schwinger mechanism and to oscillate with time in non-expanding glasma, that is, plasma oscillation. On the other hand, in the expanding glasma we show that the field decreases with the plasma oscillation. We can explicitly obtain the solutions representing such temporal behaviors in the system with $τ$ and $η$ coordinates. We show these results by using massless QED as a simplified model of QCD.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures
Star formation in LINER host galaxies at z~0.3
Creators: name: Tommasin, Silvia
name: Netzer, Hagai
name: Sternberg, Amiel
name: Nordon, Raanan
name: Lutz, Dieter
name: Bongiorno, Angela
name: Berta, Stefano
name: Magnelli, Benjamin
name: Floc'h, Emeric Le
name: Riguccini, Laurie
name: Pozzi, Francesca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a Herschel-PACS study of a sample of 97 LINERs at redshift z\sim 0.3 selected from the zCOSMOS survey. Of these sources, 34 are detected in a least one PACS band, enabling reliable estimates of the far-infrared L(FIR) luminosities, and a comparison to the FIR luminosities of local LINERs. Many of our PACS-detected LINERs are also UV sources detected by Galex. Assuming that the FIR is produced in young dusty star-forming regions, the typical star-formation rates (SFRs) for the host galaxies in our sample is \sim 10 M_Sun yr-1, 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than in many local LINERs. Given stellar masses inferred from optical/NIR photometry of the (unobscured) evolved stellar populations, we find that the entire sample lies close to the star-forming "main sequence" for galaxies at redshift 0.3. For young star-forming regions, the Hα- and UV-based estimates of the SFRs are much smaller than the FIR-based estimates, by factors \sim 30, even assuming that all of the Hα emission is produced by O-star ionization rather than by the AGNs. These discrepancies may be due to large (and uncertain) extinctions towards the young stellar systems. Alternatively, the Hα and UV emissions could be tracing residual star-formation in an older less obscured population with decaying star formation. We also compare L(SF) and L(AGN) in local LINERs and in our sample and comment on the problematic use of several line diagnostic diagrams in cases similar to the sample under study.
description: Tommasin et al. 2012, ApJ, 753, 155
Matching on Generalized Propensity Scores with Continuous Exposures
Creators: name: Wu, Xiao
name: Mealli, Fabrizia
name: Kioumourtzoglou, Marianthi-Anna
name: Dominici, Francesca
name: Braun, Danielle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Virology
Computational Biology

description: In the context of a binary treatment, matching is a well-established approach in causal inference. However, in the context of a continuous treatment or exposure, matching is still underdeveloped. We propose an innovative matching approach to estimate an average causal exposure-response function under the setting of continuous exposures that relies on the generalized propensity score (GPS). Our approach maintains the following attractive features of matching: a) clear separation between the design and the analysis; b) robustness to model misspecification or to the presence of extreme values of the estimated GPS; c) straightforward assessments of covariate balance. We first introduce an assumption of identifiability, called local weak unconfoundedness. Under this assumption and mild smoothness conditions, we provide theoretical guarantees that our proposed matching estimator attains point-wise consistency and asymptotic normality. In simulations, our proposed matching approach outperforms existing methods under settings with model misspecification or in the presence of extreme values of the estimated GPS. We apply our proposed method to estimate the average causal exposure-response function between long-term PM 2.5 exposure and all-cause mortality among 68.5 million Medicare enrollees, 2000-2016. We found strong evidence of a harmful effect of long-term PM 2.5 exposure on mortality. Code for the proposed matching approach is provided in the CausalGPS R package, which is available on CRAN and provides a computationally efficient implementation.
Modes of Oscillation in Radiofrequency Paul Traps
Creators: name: Landa, H.
name: Drewsen, M.
name: Reznik, B.
name: Retzker, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the time-dependent dynamics of ion crystals in radiofrequency traps. The problem of stable trapping of general three-dimensional crystals is considered and the validity of the pseudopotential approximation is discussed. We derive analytically the micromotion amplitude of the ions, rigorously proving well-known experimental observations. We use a method of infinite determinants to find the modes which diagonalize the linearized time-dependent dynamical problem. This allows obtaining explicitly the ('Floquet-Lyapunov') transformation to coordinates of decoupled linear oscillators. We demonstrate the utility of the method by analyzing the modes of a small `peculiar' crystal in a linear Paul trap. The calculations can be readily generalized to multispecies ion crystals in general multipole traps, and time-dependent quantum wavefunctions of ion oscillations in such traps can be obtained.
description: 24 pages, 3 figures, v2 adds citations and small corrections
The geometry effects of an expanding Universe on the detection of cool neutral gas at high redshift
Creators: name: Curran, S. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent high redshift surveys for 21-cm absorption in damped Lyman-alpha absorption systems (DLAs) take the number of published searches at z > 2 to 25, the same number as at z < 2, although the detection rate at high redshift remains significantly lower (20% cf. 60%). Using the known properties of the DLAs to estimate the unknown profile widths of the 21-cm non-detections and including the limits via a survival analysis, we show that the mean spin temperature/covering factor degeneracy at high redshift is, on average, double that of the low redshift sample. This value is significantly lower than the previous factor of eight for the spin temperatures and is about the same factor as in the angular diameter distance ratios between the low and high redshift samples. That is, without the need for the several pivotal assumptions, which lead to an evolution in the spin temperature, we show that the observed distribution of 21-cm detections in DLAs can be accounted for by the geometry effects of an expanding Universe. That is, as yet there is no evidence of the spin temperature of gas rich galaxies evolving with redshift.
description: Accepted by ApJ Letters
Togo - 2018: Domestic politics, foreign affairs, socio-economic development
Creators: name: Kohnert, Dirk
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Togo
West Africa
domestic politics
Foreign Affairs
socio-economic development
country-wide study
WAEMU
ECOWAS
Democratization
African Studies

description: Throughout the year the controversial legislative elections dominated the political landscape. Huge anti-government demonstrations that called in vain for political alternance. The legislative elections of 20 December 2018, boycotted by the major opposition parties, resulted in an easy victory of the ruling party, however without the expected constitutional amendment majority. Therefore, the prime minister and his cabinet were replaced. The local elections, crucial for democratization at the grassroots , but postponed time and again since 1987, were again postponed in December 2018 sine die. Economic growth remained stable at about 5% per annum. Public investment in infrastructure (e. g. roads, harbour) and increases in agricultural productivity, notably of export crops, had been the key drivers of economic growth. Moreover, money-laundering, illegal money transfers and trafficking grew alarmingly. Unemployment and lacking political change caused increasing migration.
description: Author' s version of Kohnert, D. (2019): Togo. In: Abbink/Melber/Mehler/ (eds.),  Africa Yearbook. Vol. 15 –  Politics, economy and society South of the Sahara in 2018.  Leiden & Boston: Brill