cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ironing out the crease
Creators: name: Drukker, Nadav
name: Trépanier, Maxime
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The crease is a surface operator folded by a finite angle along an infinite line. Several realisations of it in the 6d ${\mathcal N}=(2,0)$ theory are studied here. It plays a role similar to the generalised quark-antiquark potential, or the cusp anomalous dimension, in gauge theories. We identify a finite quantity that can be studied despite the conformal anomalies ubiquitous with surface operators and evaluate it in free field theory and in the holographic dual. We also find a subtle difference between the infinite crease and its conformal transform to a compact observable comprised of two glued hemispheres, reminiscent of the circular Wilson loop. We prove by a novel application of defect CFT techniques for the $SO(2,1)$ symmetry along the fold that the near-BPS behaviour of the crease is determined as the derivative of the compact observable with respect to its angle, as in the bremsstrahlung function. We also comment about the lightlike limit of the crease in Minkowski space.
description: 27 pages, 2 figures; v2: reference and figures added, published version
The Three Discrete Nulling Timescales of PSR J1717-4054
Creators: name: Kerr, Matthew
name: Hobbs, George
name: Shannon, Ryan
name: Kiczynski, Mitchell
name: Hollow, Robert
name: Johnston, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: PSR J1717-4054 is one of the small class of pulsars which null on intermediate (~hour) timescales. Such pulsars represent an important link between classical nullers, whose emission vanishes for a few rotations, and the intermittent pulsars which null for months and years. Using the Parkes radio telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array, we have studied the emission from PSR J1717-4054 over intervals from single pulses to years. We have identified and characterised nulling at three discrete timescales: the pulsar emits during "active states" separated by nulls lasting many thousands of rotations, while active states themselves are interrupted by nulls with a bimodal distribution of durations; one to two rotations, or tens of rotations. We detect no subpulse structure or flux density variations during active states, and we place stringent limits (<0.1% of the mean active flux density) on pulsed emission during inactive states. Finally, our high-quality data have also allowed us to measure for the first time many important properties of PSR J1717-4054, including its position, spindown rate, spectrum, polarization characteristics, and pulse broadening in the interstellar medium.
description: 10 pages, 8 beautiful figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Parametric control of Meissner screening in light-driven superconductors
Creators: name: Homann, Guido
name: Cosme, Jayson G.
name: Mathey, Ludwig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Meissner effect in a parametrically driven superconductor using a semiclassical $U(1)$ lattice gauge theory. Specifically, we periodically drive the $z$-axis tunneling, which leads to an enhancement of the imaginary part of the $z$-axis conductivity at low frequencies if the driving frequency is blue-detuned from the plasma frequency. This has been proposed as a possible mechanism for light-enhanced interlayer transport in YBa$_2$C$_3$O$_{7-δ}$ (YBCO). In contrast to this enhancement of the conductivity, we find that the screening of magnetic fields is less effective than in equilibrium for blue-detuned driving, while it displays a tendency to be enhanced for red-detuned driving.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures + Supplemental Material
De Novo Enzyme Design Using Rosetta3
Creators: name: Richter, Florian
name: Leaver-Fay, Andrew
name: Baker, David
name: Khare, Sagar D.
name: Bjelic, Sinisa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The Rosetta de novo enzyme design protocol has been used to design enzyme catalysts for a variety of chemical reactions, and in principle can be applied to any arbitrary chemical reaction of interest, The process has four stages: 1) choice of a catalytic mechanism and corresponding minimal model active site, 2) identification of sites in a set of scaffold proteins where this minimal active site can be realized, 3) optimization of the identities of the surrounding residues for stabilizing interactions with the transition state and primary catalytic residues, and 4) evaluation and ranking the resulting designed sequences. Stages two through four of this process can be carried out with the Rosetta package, while stage one needs to be done externally. Here, we demonstrate how to carry out the Rosetta enzyme design protocol from start to end in detail using for illustration the triosephosphate isomerase reaction.
Canadian Gallup Poll # 007-2
Creators: name: Inc., The Canadian Gallup Poll
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); satisfaction with community services(4); religious beliefs(5); birth control pill(1); best choice for Prime Minister(2); threat of dissolution of the Confederation(1); AIDS(7); Canada's economic outlook, economic policies(2). Note: Standard demographics(17).
The X-ray Angular Power Spectrum of Extended Sources in the eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey
Creators: name: Lau, Erwin T.
name: Bogdan, Akos
name: Chadayammuri, Urmila
name: Nagai, Daisuke
name: Kraft, Ralph
name: Cappelluti, Nico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eROSITA Final Equatorial Depth Survey (eFEDS), with a sky area of 140 square degrees with depth equivalent to the equatorial patch of the final eROSITA all-sky survey, represents the largest continuous non-full-sky X-ray fields to-date, making it the premier data set for measuring the angular power spectrum. In this work, we measure the X-ray angular power spectrum of galaxy clusters and groups in the eFEDS field. We show that the measured power spectrum is consistent with past observations, including the ROSAT All Sky Survey, and the Chandra COSMOS and Bootes fields. The predictions of cluster gas halo model that is calibrated from Chandra observations is also consistent with the eFEDS power spectrum. While the eFEDS does not have large enough sky coverage to provide meaningful cosmological constraints, we predict that the X-ray power spectrum from the cycle 4 of the eROSITA All-Sky Survey (eRASS4) will provide constraints on $Ω_M$ and $σ_8$ at the 10% level.
description: 10 pages, 4 Figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. Updated arxiv version matched to the published version. Major change: tensions at small-scale power are resolved after point source mask correction
Declining Coral Skeletal Extension for Forereef Colonies of Siderastrea siderea on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, Southern Belize
Creators: name: Weiss, Jack M.
name: Ries, Justin B.
name: Castillo, Karl D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundNatural and anthropogenic stressors are predicted to have increasingly negative impacts on coral reefs. Understanding how these environmental stressors have impacted coral skeletal growth should improve our ability to predict how they may affect coral reefs in the future. We investigated century-scale variations in skeletal extension for the slow-growing massive scleractinian coral Siderastrea siderea inhabiting the forereef, backreef, and nearshore reefs of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS) in the western Caribbean Sea.Methodology/Principal FindingsThirteen S. siderea cores were extracted, slabbed, and X-rayed. Annual skeletal extension was estimated from adjacent low- and high-density growth bands. Since the early 1900s, forereef S. siderea colonies have shifted from exhibiting the fastest to the slowest average annual skeletal extension, while values for backreef and nearshore colonies have remained relatively constant. The rates of change in annual skeletal extension were −0.020±0.005, 0.011±0.006, and −0.008±0.006 mm yr−1 per year [mean±SE] for forereef, backreef, and nearshore colonies respectively. These values for forereef and nearshore S. siderea were significantly lower by 0.031±0.008 and by 0.019±0.009 mm yr−1 per year, respectively, than for backreef colonies. However, only forereef S. siderea exhibited a statistically significant decline in annual skeletal extension over the last century.Conclusions/SignificanceOur results suggest that forereef S. siderea colonies are more susceptible to environmental stress than backreef and nearshore counterparts, which may have historically been exposed to higher natural baseline stressors. Alternatively, sediment plumes, nutrients, and pollution originating from watersheds of Guatemala and Honduras may disproportionately impact the forereef environment of the MBRS. We are presently reconstructing the history of environmental stressors that have impacted the MBRS to constrain the cause(s) of the observed reductions in coral skeletal growth. This should improve our ability to predict and potentially mitigate the effects of future environmental stressors on coral reef ecosystems.
A weakly correlated Fermi liquid state with a small Fermi surface in lightly doped Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: de la Torre, Alberto
name: Hunter, Emily Claire
name: Subedi, Alaska
name: Walker, Siobhan McKeown
name: Tamai, Anna
name: Kim, Timur
name: Hoesch, Moritz
name: Perry, Robin
name: Georges, Antoine
name: Baumberger, Felix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We characterize the electron doping evolution of (Sr$_{1-x}$La$_x$)$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7$ by means of angle-resolved photoemission. Concomitant with the metal insulator transition around $x\approx0.05$ we find the emergence of coherent quasiparticle states forming a closed small Fermi surface of volume $3x/2$, where $x$ is the independently measured La concentration. The quasiparticle weight $Z$ remains large along the entire Fermi surface, consistent with the moderate renormalization of the low-energy dispersion. This indicates a conventional, weakly correlated Fermi liquid state with a momentum independent residue $Z\approx0.5$ in lightly doped Sr$_3$Ir$_2$O$_7&.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Canadian Gallup Poll # 451-1
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); poor quality of manufactured goods(1); standard of living(1); regular physical examinations for drivers(1); greatest problem facing Canada(1); government's treatment of farmers(1); business conditions in the community(2); Prime Minister and the opposition leader job performance(3). Note: Demographics(15).
On Some Distributed Disorder Detection
Creators: name: Szajowski, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: B.1.3; B.4.5; B.5.3; G.3
subject: 60G40

description: Multivariate data sources with components of different information value seem to appear frequently in practice. Models in which the components change their homogeneity at different times are of significant importance. The fact whether any changes are influential for the whole process is determined not only by the moments of the change, but also depends on which coordinates. This is particularly important in issues such as reliability analysis of complex systems and the location of an intruder in surveillance systems. In this paper we developed a mathematical model for such sources of signals with discrete time having the Markov property given the times of change. The research also comprises a multivariate detection of the transition probabilities changes at certain sensitivity level in the multidimensional process. Additionally, the observation of the random vector is depicted. Each chosen coordinate forms the Markov process with different transition probabilities before and after some unknown moment. The aim of statisticians is to estimate the moments based on the observation of the process. The Bayesian approach is used with the risk function depending on measure of chance of a false alarm and some cost of overestimation. The moment of the system's disorder is determined by the detection of transition probabilities changes at some coordinates. The overall modeling of the critical coordinates is based on the simple game.
description: 8. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1111.4504, arXiv:1304.6986
Quantifying and reducing spin contamination in algebraic diagrammatic construction theory of charged excitations
Creators: name: Stahl, Terrence L.
name: Banerjee, Samragni
name: Sokolov, Alexander Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC) theory is a computationally efficient and accurate approach for simulating electronic excitations in chemical systems. However, for the simulations of excited states in molecules with unpaired electrons the performance of ADC methods can be affected by the spin contamination in unrestricted Hartree-Fock (UHF) reference wavefunctions. In this work, we benchmark the accuracy of ADC methods for electron attachment and ionization of open-shell molecules with the UHF reference orbitals (EA/IP-ADC/UHF) and develop an approach to quantify the spin contamination in the charged excited states. Following this assessment, we demonstrate that the spin contamination can be reduced by combining EA/IP-ADC with the reference orbitals from restricted open-shell Hartree-Fock (ROHF) or orbital-optimized Møller-Plesset perturbation (OMP) theories. Our numerical results demonstrate that for open-shell systems with strong spin contamination in the UHF reference the third-order EA/IP-ADC methods with the ROHF or OMP reference orbitals are similar in accuracy to equation-of-motion coupled cluster theory with single and double excitations.
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll # 108-1
Creators: name: Inc., The Canadian Gallup Poll
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal and provincial elections vote intent(2); past federal and provincial elections vote(2); police force in the community(1); public education(3); impressions of political leaders(5); quality of national education(1); federal government aid to poorer regions(3); federal government job performance(1). the sexiest male and female(2); political party preference(3); Ontario Prime Minister job performance(1). Note: Standard demographics(17).
Decreased Dengue Replication and an Increased Anti-viral Humoral Response with the use of Combined Toll-Like Receptor 3 and 7/8 Agonists in Macaques
Creators: name: Martínez, Melween I.
name: Arana, Teresa
name: Rodríguez, Idia Vanessa
name: Abel, Kristina
name: Kraiselburd, Edmundo N.
name: Angleró, Yesseinia I.
name: Rivera, Francheska
name: White, Laura J.
name: Hodara, Vida
name: Pantoja, Petraleigh
name: Montaner, Luis J.
name: Sariol, Carlos A.
name: Giavedoni, Luis
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundPathogenic versus protective outcomes to Dengue virus (DENV) infection are associated with innate immune function. This study aimed to determine the role of increased TLR3- and TLR7/8-mediated innate signaling after Dengue infection of rhesus macaques in vivo to evaluate its impact on disease and anti-DENV immune responses.Methodology/Principal FindingsTLR3 and TLR7/8 agonists (emulsified in Montanide) were administered subcutaneously to rhesus macaques at 48 hours and 7 days after DENV infection. The Frequency and activation of myeloid dendritic cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and B cells were measured by flow cytometry while the serum levels of 14 different cytokines and chemokines were quantified. Adaptive immune responses were measured by DENV-specific antibody subtype measurements. Results showed that the combined TLR agonists reduced viral replication and induced the development of a proinflammatory reaction, otherwise absent in Dengue infection alone, without any clear signs of exacerbated disease. Specifically, the TLR-induced response was characterized by activation changes in mDC subsets concurrent with higher serum levels of CXCL-10 and IL-1Ra. TLR stimulation also induced higher titers of anti-DENV antibodies and acted to increase the IgG2/IgG1 ratio of anti-DENV to favor the subtype associated with DENV control. We also observed an effect of DENV-mediated suppression of mDC activation consistent with prior in vitro studies.Conclusions/SignificanceThese data show that concurrent TLR3/7/8 activation of the innate immune response after DENV infection in vivo acts to increase antiviral mechanisms via increased inflammatory and humoral responses in rhesus macaques, resulting in decreased viremia and melioration of the infection. These findings underscore an in vivo protective rather than a pathogenic role for combined TLR3/7/8-mediated activation in Dengue infection of rhesus macaques. Our study provides definitive proof-of-concept into the mechanism by which DENV evades immune recognition and activation in vivo.
Schrödinger Models for Solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter Equation in Minkowski Space. II. Fermionic Bound-State Constituents
Creators: name: Hall, Richard L.
name: Lucha, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In view of the obstacles encountered in any attempts to solve the Minkowski-space Bethe-Salpeter equation for bound states of two fermions, we study the possibility to model the bound-state features, at least at a qualitative level, by a Schrödinger description. Such a nonrelativistic potential model can be constructed by applying, to any given Bethe-Salpeter spectral data, "geometric spectral inversion" in its recently extended form, which tolerates also singular potentials. This leads to the adaptation of explicit models that provide an overview accounting for the Bethe-Salpeter formalism's complexities.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Canadian Gallup Omnibus Poll # 112-1
Creators: name: Inc., The Canadian Gallup Poll
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2019

description: Federal election vote intent(2); treatment of native Indians in Canada(2); US influence on Canada(1); sexual assault trials(1); patriotism(1); Quebec separatism(3); welfare and work(1); death penalty(1); sexual content in media(4); prostitution(2); young offenders(1); Ontario elections vote intent(2); Ontario Prime Minister job performance(1); Santa Claus(1). Note: Standard demographics(18).
Development Trends of White Matter Connectivity in the First Years of Life
Creators: name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Fan, Yong
name: Chen, Yasheng
name: Lin, Weili
name: Yap, Pew-Thian
name: Gilmore, John H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The human brain is organized into a collection of interacting networks with specialized functions to support various cognitive functions. Recent research has reached a consensus that the brain manifests small-world topology, which implicates both global and local efficiency at minimal wiring costs, and also modular organization, which indicates functional segregation and specialization. However, the important questions of how and when the small-world topology and modular organization come into existence remain largely unanswered. Taking a graph theoretic approach, we attempt to shed light on this matter by an in vivo study, using diffusion tensor imaging based fiber tractography, on 39 healthy pediatric subjects with longitudinal data collected at average ages of 2 weeks, 1 year, and 2 years. Our results indicate that the small-world architecture exists at birth with efficiency that increases in later stages of development. In addition, we found that the networks are broad scale in nature, signifying the existence of pivotal connection hubs and resilience of the brain network to random and targeted attacks. We also observed, with development, that the brain network seems to evolve progressively from a local, predominantly proximity based, connectivity pattern to a more distributed, predominantly functional based, connectivity pattern. These observations suggest that the brain in the early years of life has relatively efficient systems that may solve similar information processing problems, but in divergent ways.
SVD Perspectives for Augmenting DeepONet Flexibility and Interpretability
Creators: name: Venturi, Simone
name: Casey, Tiernan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Deep operator networks (DeepONets) are powerful architectures for fast and accurate emulation of complex dynamics. As their remarkable generalization capabilities are primarily enabled by their projection-based attribute, we investigate connections with low-rank techniques derived from the singular value decomposition (SVD). We demonstrate that some of the concepts behind proper orthogonal decomposition (POD)-neural networks can improve DeepONet's design and training phases. These ideas lead us to a methodology extension that we name SVD-DeepONet. Moreover, through multiple SVD analyses, we find that DeepONet inherits from its projection-based attribute strong inefficiencies in representing dynamics characterized by symmetries. Inspired by the work on shifted-POD, we develop flexDeepONet, an architecture enhancement that relies on a pre-transformation network for generating a moving reference frame and isolating the rigid components of the dynamics. In this way, the physics can be represented on a latent space free from rotations, translations, and stretches, and an accurate projection can be performed to a low-dimensional basis. In addition to flexibility and interpretability, the proposed perspectives increase DeepONet's generalization capabilities and computational efficiencies. For instance, we show flexDeepONet can accurately surrogate the dynamics of 19 variables in a combustion chemistry application by relying on 95% less trainable parameters than the ones of the vanilla architecture. We argue that DeepONet and SVD-based methods can reciprocally benefit from each other. In particular, the flexibility of the former in leveraging multiple data sources and multifidelity knowledge in the form of both unstructured data and physics-informed constraints has the potential to greatly extend the applicability of methodologies such as POD and PCA.
Distinct Populations of Hepatic Stellate Cells in the Mouse Liver Have Different Capacities for Retinoid and Lipid Storage
Creators: name: Clugston, Robin D.
name: Berk, Paul D.
name: D'Ambrosio, Diana N.
name: Blaner, William S.
name: Rippe, Richard A.
name: Walewski, José L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) lipid droplets are specialized organelles for the storage of retinoid, accounting for 50–60% of all retinoid present in the body. When HSCs activate, retinyl ester levels progressively decrease and the lipid droplets are lost. The objective of this study was to determine if the HSC population in a healthy, uninjured liver demonstrates heterogeneity in its capacity for retinoid and lipid storage in lipid droplets. To this end, we utilized two methods of HSC isolation, which leverage distinct properties of these cells, including their vitamin A content and collagen expression. HSCs were isolated either from wild type (WT) mice in the C57BL/6 genetic background by flotation in a Nycodenz density gradient, followed by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) based on vitamin A autofluorescence, or from collagen-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice by FACS based on GFP expression from a GFP transgene driven by the collagen I promoter. We show that GFP-HSCs have: (i) increased expression of typical markers of HSC activation; (ii) decreased retinyl ester levels, accompanied by reduced expression of the enzyme needed for hepatic retinyl ester synthesis (LRAT); (iii) decreased triglyceride levels; (iv) increased expression of genes associated with lipid catabolism; and (v) an increase in expression of the retinoid-catabolizing cytochrome, CYP2S1. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that the HSC population in a healthy, uninjured liver is heterogeneous. One subset of the total HSC population, which expresses early markers of HSC activation, may be “primed” and ready for rapid response to acute liver injury.
High-resolution calculation of the solar global convection with the reduced speed of sound technique: II. Near surface shear layer with the rotation
Creators: name: Hotta, H.
name: Rempel, M.
name: Yokoyama, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a high-resolution, highly stratified numerical simulation of rotating thermal convection in a spherical shell. Our aim is to study in detail the processes that can maintain a near surface shear layer (NSSL) as inferred from helioseismology. Using the reduced speed of sound technique we can extend our global convection simulation to $0.99\,R_{\odot}$ and include near the top of our domain small-scale convection with short time scales that is only weakly influenced by rotation. We find the formation of a NSSL preferentially in high latitudes in the depth range $r=0.95-0.975R_\odot$. The maintenance mechanisms are summarized as follows. Convection under weak influence of rotation leads to Reynolds stresses that transport angular momentum radially inward in all latitudes. This leads to the formation of a strong poleward directed meridional flow and a NSSL, which is balanced in the meridional plane by forces resulting from the $\langle v'_r v'_θ\rangle$ correlation of turbulent velocities. The origin of the required correlations depends to some degree on latitude. In high latitudes a positive correlation $\langle v'_rv'_θ\rangle$ is induced in the NSSL by the poleward meridional flow whose amplitude increases with the radius, while a negative correlation is generated by the Coriolis force in bulk of the convection zone. In low latitudes a positive correlation $\langle v'_rv'_θ\rangle$ results from rotationally aligned convection cells ("banana cells"). The force caused by these Reynolds stresses is in balance with the Coriolis force in the NSSL.
description: 49 pages, 20 figures, accepted by ApJ
Does HAART Efficacy Translate to Effectiveness? Evidence for a Trial Effect
Creators: name: Wohl, David A.
name: Leone, Peter A.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Miller, William C.
name: Adimora, Adaora A.
name: Menezes, Prema
name: Eron, Joseph J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundPatients who participate in clinical trials may experience better clinical outcomes than patients who initiate similar therapy within clinical care (trial effect), but no published studies have evaluated a trial effect in HIV clinical trials.MethodsTo examine a trial effect we compared virologic suppression (VS) among patients who initiated HAART in a clinical trial versus in routine clinical care. VS was defined as a plasma HIV RNA ≤400 copies/ml at six months after HAART initiation and was assessed within strata of early (1996–99) or current (2000–06) HAART periods. Risk ratios (RR) were estimated using binomial models.ResultsOf 738 persons initiating HAART, 30.6% were women, 61.7% were black, 30% initiated therapy in a clinical trial and 67% (n = 496) had an evaluable six month HIV RNA result. HAART regimens differed between the early and current periods (p<0.001); unboosted PI regimens (55.6%) were more common in the early and NNRTI regimens (46.4%) were more common in the current period. Overall, 78% (95%CI 74, 82%) of patients achieved VS and trial participants were 16% more likely to achieve VS (unadjusted RR 1.16, 95%CI 1.06, 1.27). Comparing trial to non-trial participants, VS differed by study period. In the early period, trial participants initiating HAART were significantly more likely to achieve VS than non-trial participants (adjusted RR 1.33; 95%CI 1.15, 1.54), but not in the current period (adjusted RR 0.98; 95%CI 0.87, 1.11).ConclusionsA clear clinical trial effect on suppression of HIV replication was observed in the early HAART period but not in the current period.
Canadian Gallup Poll # 440-1
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); confidence in US(1); business conditions in the community(2); amending Canadian Constitution(7); greatest problem facing Canada(1); federal government and party leaders job performance(4). Note: Demographics(15).
Heavy WIMP through Higgs portal at the LHC
Creators: name: Endo, Motoi
name: Takaesu, Yoshitaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LHC constraints on Higgs-portal WIMPs are studied. Scalar, vector and anti-symmetric tensor fields are considered. They are assumed to be heavier than a half of the Higgs boson mass. We investigate 8 TeV LHC results on signatures of the vector boson fusion, mono-jet and associated production of the $Z$ boson, which proceed via virtual exchange of the Higgs boson. We show that Higgs-portal interactions of the vector and tensor WIMPs are constrained to be less than 0.43 and 0.16, respectively, while those for the scalar are very weak. Prospects of the 14 TeV LHC are also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Canadian Gallup Poll # 441-1
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); amending Canadian Constitution(9); energy shortage in Canada(2); food products and cancer(2); decriminalizing marijuana(1); job performance of people working in services(8); Prime Minister and the opposition leader job performances(3). Note: Demographics(15).
The Casimir effect in graphene systems: Experiment and theory
Creators: name: Klimchitskaya, G. L.
name: Mohideen, U.
name: Mostepanenko, V. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Casimir effect in graphene systems is reviewed with emphasis made on the large thermal correction to the Casimir force predicted at short separations between the test bodies. The computational results for the Casimir pressure and for the thermal correction are presented for both pristine graphene and real graphene sheets, which possess nonzero energy gap and chemical potential, obtained by means of exact polarization tensor. Two experiments on measuring the gradient of the Casimir force between an Au-coated sphere and graphene- coated substrates performed by using a modified atomic force microscope cantilever-based technique are described. It is shown that the measurement data of both experiments are in agreement with theoretical predictions of the Lifshitz theory using the polarization tensor. Additionally, several important improvements made in the second experiment, allowed to demonstrate the predicted large thermal effect in the Casimir interaction at short separations. Possible implications of this result to resolution of long-term problems of Casimir physics are discussed.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures; accepted for publication in the Special Issue of Int. J. Mod. Phys. A "The State of Quantum Vacuum: Casimir Physics in the 2020s" (Edited by Prof. K. A. Milton)
Early Mortality in Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMIC): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Gupta, Amita
name: Chandrasekhar, Aditya
name: Nadkarni, Girish
name: Bisson, Gregory P.
name: Hosseinipour, Mina
name: Gupte, Nikhil
name: Gummadi, Naveen
name: Yang, Wei-Teng
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: BackgroundWe systematically reviewed observational studies of early mortality post-antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) in Asia, Africa, and Central and South America, as defined by the World Bank, to summarize what is known.Methods and FindingsStudies published in English between January 1996 and December 2010 were searched in Medline and EMBASE. Three independent reviewers examined studies of mortality within one year post-ART. An article was included if the study was conducted in a LMIC, participants were initiating ART in a non-clinical trial setting and were ≥15 years. Fifty studies were included; 38 (76%) from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), 5 (10%) from Asia, 2 (4%) from the Americas, and 5 (10%) were multi-regional. Median follow-up time and pre-ART CD4 cell count ranged from 3–55 months and 11–192 cells/mm3, respectively. Loss-to-follow-up, reported in 40 (80%) studies, ranged from 0.3%–27%. Overall, SSA had the highest pooled 12-month mortality probability of 0.17 (95% CI 0.11–0.24) versus 0.11 (95% CI 0.10–0.13) for Asia, and 0.07 (95% CI 0.007–0.20) for the Americas. Of 14 (28%) studies reporting cause-specific mortality, tuberculosis (TB) (5%–44%), wasting (5%–53%), advanced HIV (20%–37%), and chronic diarrhea (10%–25%) were most common. Independent factors associated with early mortality in 30 (60%) studies included: low baseline CD4 cell count, male sex, advanced World Health Organization clinical stage, low body mass index, anemia, age greater than 40 years, and pre-ART quantitative HIV RNA.ConclusionsSignificant heterogeneity in outcomes and in methods of reporting outcomes exist among published studies evaluating mortality in the first year after ART initiation in LMIC. Early mortality rates are highest in SSA, and opportunistic illnesses such as TB and wasting syndrome are the most common reported causes of death. Strategies addressing modifiable risk factors associated with early death are urgently needed.
First-order aggregation models and zero inertia limits
Creators: name: Fetecau, Razvan
name: Sun, Weiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a first-order aggregation model in both discrete and continuum formulations and show rigorously how it can be obtained as zero inertia limits of second-order models. In the continuum case the procedure consists in a macroscopic limit, enabling the passage from a kinetic model for aggregation to an evolution equation for the macroscopic density. We work within the general space of measure solutions and use mass transportation ideas and the characteristic method as essential tools in the analysis.
description: 26 pages
Emotion Recognition In Persian Speech Using Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Yazdani, Ali
name: Simchi, Hossein
name: Shekofteh, Yasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: I.2
subject: 68T10 (primary) 68T07 (secondary)

description: Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is of great importance in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), as it provides a deeper understanding of the situation and results in better interaction. In recent years, various machine learning and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have been developed to improve SER techniques. Recognition of the spoken emotions depends on the type of expression that varies between different languages. In this paper, to further study important factors in the Farsi language, we examine various DL techniques on a Farsi/Persian dataset, Sharif Emotional Speech Database (ShEMO), which was released in 2018. Using signal features in low- and high-level descriptions and different deep neural networks and machine learning techniques, Unweighted Accuracy (UA) of 65.20% and Weighted Accuracy (WA) of 78.29% are achieved.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, 3 tables
ВОСПАЛЕНИЕ – ОСНОВА ВСЕХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ
Creators: name: Абдирашидова, Гульноза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Воспаление — древний медицинский термин, изначально относившийся к классическим признакам и симптомам, включая отек, эритему (покраснение), тепло, боль и потерю функции (жесткость и неподвижность). В настоящее время воспаление рассматривается как набор изменяющихся реакций на повреждение тканей, вызванное в первую очередь такими факторами, как токсичные химические вещества, агенты окружающей среды, травма, чрезмерное использование или инфекция. Некоторые из этих реакций могут способствовать заживлению ран и контролю инфекции или патологии, как при многих хронических заболеваниях.
Effectiveness of State and Federal Government Agreements with Major Credit Card and Shipping Companies to Block Illegal Internet Cigarette Sales
Creators: name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Williams, Rebecca S.
name: Gizlice, Ziya
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Most Internet vendors offer tax-free cigarettes making them cheaper than those sold at stores. This undermines the impact that higher prices have upon reducing consumption. Most Internet tobacco sales have violated taxation and youth access laws, which led to landmark voluntary agreements in 2005 with the major credit card companies and major private shippers to ban payment transactions and shipments for all Internet cigarette sales.
POPs distribution in coastal permafrost soils at Komakuk Beach (Yukon, CA)
Creators: name: Lodi, Rachele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: POPs
permafrost
Arctic

description: The extensive work in AMAP on Arctic contamination by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) illustrates the strong state of knowledge and data on contaminants in biota and water, but also highlights a stark data gap regarding contaminants in Arctic soils, particularly below the permafrost table. Here, we describe the work carried out on analyses and scaling of contaminants. A key aspect for being able to deliver geospatial databases is identifying which landscape properties we can use to scale the measured contaminant levels. Soils in the Canadian study area at Komakuk Beach (Yukon, CA) have been sampled and analysed for hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 54 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCBs) and 22 individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 89 active layer and permafrost core samples. The concentrations have been determined by using Thermo Scientific Dionex ASE 350 and Trace 1310 GC coupled with TSQ9000 TQMS, Thermo Scientific, at CNR-ISP Venice, Italy. The statistical parameters of data on HCB concentrations describe its scarce presence, with limited occurrences linked to the organic rich soil horizons. Overall, Σ54PCBs in soils collected in the catchment area were in the range from 0 to 5.33 pg/g. Both the content of individual PAHs and their total concentration vary widely from 0 to 121ng/g. The contribution of individual PAHs to the total amount is not the same and depends on the concentration of heavy 5–6-nuclear polyarenes and mainly 6-nuclear benzo[ghi]perylene. Our results show that the vertical distribution patterns of light 2–4-nuclear and heavy 5–6-nuclear PAHs are differentiated. Every class of OC is present in the deeper permafrost core portions only in High Centre Polygon (HCP) landform class, highlighting the role of hydrology and percolation in the contaminant distribution in permafrost soils and how these variables are enhanced in (semi-)degraded permafrost landforms. The model equations have been applied on the carbon content prediction maps for each study area, to export a first attempt of upscaling feasible for small coastal catchments in polygonal tundra environment. Contaminant concentrations ranges were calculated for different depth from 0 to 1 meter below the ground, following the carbon content prediction maps from Wagner et al. (in prep.).
How cooperatively folding are homopolymer molecular knots?
Creators: name: Walker, Christopher C.
name: Fobe, Theodore L.
name: Shirts, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detailed thermodynamic analysis of complex systems with multiple stable configurational states allows for insight into the cooperativity of each individual transition. In this work we derive a heat capacity decomposition comprising contributions from each individual configurational state, which together sum to a baseline heat capacity, and contributions from each state-to-state transition. We apply this analysis framework to a series of replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations of linear and 1-1 coarse-grained homo-oligomer models which fold into stable, configurationally well-defined molecular knots, in order to better understand the parameters leading to stable and cooperative folding of these knots. We find that a stiff harmonic backbone bending angle potential is key to achieving knots with specific 3D structures. Tuning the backbone equilibrium angle in small increments yields a variety of knot topologies, including $3_1$, $5_1$, $7_1$, and $8_{19}$ types. Populations of different knotted states as functions of temperature can also be manipulated by tuning backbone torsion stiffness or by adding side chain beads. We find that sharp total heat capacity peaks for the homo-oligomer knots are largely due to a coil-to-globule transition, rather than a cooperative knotting step. However, in some cases the cooperativity of globule-to-knot and coil-to-globule transitions are comparable, suggesting that highly cooperative folding to knotted structures can be achieved by refining the model parameters or adding sequence specificity.
description: 39 pages, 14 figures + supporting information
ADOPTING NUTRITION-BASED MEASURES IN MANAGING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: PERSPECTIVES OF MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS AND NUTRITIONISTS (Book of Proceedings, FASCON-LCU, 2023)
Creators: name: Oluwagbemileke, Feranmi Boluwatife
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Public health nutrition
Infectious diseases
Major global burdens of disease

description: Several approaches have been adopted to manage Coronavirus disease, one of them being nutrition measures. This descriptive study compared the perceptions of medical practitioners and nutritionists on the relationship between good nutrition and the coronavirus disease.Two research hypotheses were postulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Ninety-one medicals and nutritionists were selected from OndoWest Local Government Area of Ondo State as respondents. A self-developed and validated questionnaire titled "Utilization of Good Dietary Pattern in the Management of COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire” was used for data collection. The data were analysed with mean, standard deviation, and t-test. Findings revealed that both groups of respondents agreedwith no significant difference that the possible consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on the health of the populace include a breakdown in the immune system, inflammation of the respiratory tract, and mortality (¯x≥ 2.50) and that good nutrition can aid in the management of COVID-19 pandemic through immune boosting and increased resistance against infections. Their responses are slightly different regarding the roles of high biological value proteins and lipids in COVID-19 management. The study concluded that the consumption of good nutritious diets can aid the management of COVID-19 before and after the infection.It was thereforerecommended that the consumption of nutrient-dense diets and immune-boosting food should be prioritized in managing COVID-19.
Canadian Gallup Poll # 453-1
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); Lieutenant Governors in Canadian provinces(3); cutbacks in rail service(2); right to strike(2); high interest rates(3); Prime Minister and the opposition leader job performances(2). Note: Demographics(15).
Canadian Gallup Poll # 455-1
Creators: name: Canadian Institute Of Public Opinion (Gallup)
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Federal election vote intent(1); past federal elections vote(1); current political issues(5); threat of dissolution of the Confederation(1); US capital in Canada(2); acid rain(2); satisfaction with the direction Canada is going(2); ideology(1); use of car seat belts(1); residential area preference(1); economic policies(2). Note: Demographics(16).