Syneches equatoriensis Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches equatoriensis

description: Syneches equatoriensis sp. nov.
(Figs 40–46, 108, 119)
Diagnosis. Antenna brown; palpus brown, about half-length of proboscis and eight long setae. Scutum low, lower than mesopleuron, dark brown to black, with coarse reddish brown pruinescence; pleura light brown except anepisternum, anterior portion of katepisternum, laterotergite and subscutellum, brown. Legs long with enlarged femora; coxae, trochanters, fore femur, midleg (except tarsomeres 3–5) and base of hind femur light brown, the remaining dark brown; hind femur with about 6 long and spine-like AV setae. Wing sub-hyaline, brownish with light brown infuscation at costal region up to the apex, pterostigma elongate and brown; apex of vein R2+3 almost straight.
Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 5.5 mm. Wing: 5.0 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant with rough golden pruinescence. Face dark brown with dense gray pruinescence. Antenna brown with dense golden pruinescence; pedicel rounded with brown marginal setae, longer than half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel small, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, ovate, 1.6 times longer than wide, with 1 sub-basal dorsal seta, longer than length of postpedicel; stylus 3.5 times length of antenna, bare on distal 1/5. Postcranium with postocular setae proclinated. Proboscis brown; palpus brown, about half-length of proboscis, with short brown setulae, 2 long setae on outer surface, one apical and one median, 4 ventral on basal half, 1 preapical and 1 median dorsally. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum dark brown, with brown, elongate and sparse marginal setae. Scutum low, lower than mesopleuron, dark brown to black, with coarse reddish brown pruinescence, lighter on posterior margin of postpronotal lobe and on postalar callus; setae brown, sparse, medium size, longer on prescutellar disc; 1 dorsocentral and 6 acrostichal series. Pleura light brown except for anepisternum, anterior portion of katepisternum, laterotergite and subscutellum brown, with golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 dc long and robust, 3–4 acr 2/3 length of dc setae and slender on prescutellar disc; 2 npl long and robust; 2 pal, one long and robust and other short and weak; scutellum with long setae, 1 long and robust subapical pair, 1 slender apical pair about 2/3 length of subapical pair and 3–4 lateral setae subequal in length to apical pair. Legs. Long, with enlarged femora, fore femur more swollen at basal half. Coxae, trochanters, fore femur, midleg (except tarsomeres 3–5) and base of hind femur light brown, remaining dark brown. Fore femur with PV row of setae, longer on basal half. Fore tibia with D and PV rows of elongate setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with 1 apical AD and 1 apical PD seta. Mid femur with PV and AV rows of setae, longer and strong on basal half. Mid tibia with 1 AD seta before middle and 1 apical AV 3/4 length of tarsomere 1; 1 median AV, 1 apical PV and 1 median PV as long as tarsomere 1; 1 median PD, 1 preapical PD and 1 long preapical AD; 1 preapical P and 1 apical A, both setae short and robust. Mid tarsomere 1 with 1 AD and 1 PD preapical seta. Hind femur with 3 AD setae on distal half; 6 long and spine-like AV setae inserted into small tubercles; several short to moderately long AV and V setae inserted into small tubercles forming brush throughout length of hind femur. Hind tibia with 1 AD before middle, 1 preapical AD, 1 AV and 1 V apical seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 slender D apical and anterior row of short spine-like setae. Wing (Fig. 108). Sub-hyaline, brownish, with light brown infuscation on costal region up to apex, not extending beyond cell R2+3; pterostigma brown, elongate, 3.5 times longer than wide; vein R2+3 with apex almost straight. Abdomen. Long and slender, about three times length of thorax. Dark brown to black, with reddish brown pruinescence. Dorsal setae sparse and short, lateral setae long with tips curved downwards, latero-apical setae more robust and long on tergites 2, 3 and 4. Tergite 8 short, two times wider than long (Fig. 43); sternite 8 trapezoidal, with long apical setae (Fig. 44). Terminalia (Figs 40–42): robust; hypandrium two times longer than wide, slightly narrowed towards base, distal margin triangular; epandrial lamella wide, with long setae; phallus robust with rounded apex and sclerotized lateral protuberance; postgonite slender and shorter than phallus. Female. As in male. Terminalia (Figs 45, 46): elongate; sternite 8 two times longer than wide, narrowed at basal 1/3, central portion at basal 2/3 unsclerotized, long and strong apical setae; cercus long and slender, as long as tergite 10.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (BMNH): ECUADOR, Morona-Santiago, Sierra de Cutucu, E of Macas, 1000m / 16.x.1978, M.Cooper, BM 1995E-90 / Holótipo, Syneches equatoriensis, Menezes & Ale-Rocha [red label]. Holotype condition: good, terminalia dissected and stored in microtube with glycerin, left wing mounted between microslides and right leg glued on triangle of paper. PARATYPES: ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago, Sierra de Cutucu, E of Macas, 1000 m, 26.viii.1978, M. Cooper, BM 1995E-90 (1 ♀, BMNH).
Geographical distribution. Ecuador (Macas) (Fig. 119).
Comments. Species similar to S. dichrous (see Comments under latter species).
Etymology. The specific name refers to the country, Ecuador, where the specimens were collected.
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 415-417, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788