cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bauer's Spectral Factorization Method for Low Order Multiwavelet Filter Design
Creators: name: Kolev, Vasil
name: Cooklev, Todor
name: Keinert, Fritz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: F.2; G.1; G.4; K.1; K.5
subject: 15-XX, 49Mxx, 47A68, 42-XX, 65J15, 65-XX, 68Wxx, 68Uxx, 65-11, 65Yxx, 93C10

description: Para-Hermitian polynomial matrices obtained by matrix spectral factorization lead to functions useful in control theory systems, basis functions in numerical methods or multiscaling functions used in signal processing. We introduce a fast algorithm for matrix spectral factorization based on Bauer$'$s method. We convert Bauer$'$ method into a nonlinear matrix equation (NME). The NME is solved by two different numerical algorithms (Fixed Point Iteration and Newton$'$s Method) which produce approximate scalar or matrix factors, as well as a symbolic algorithm which produces exact factors in closed form for some low-order scalar or matrix polynomial matrices, respectively. Convergence rates of the two numerical algorithms are investigated for a number of singular and nonsingular scalar and matrix polynomials taken from different areas. In particular, one of the singular examples leads to new orthogonal multiscaling and multiwavelet filters. Since the NME can also be solved as a Generalized Discrete Time Algebraic Riccati Equation (GDARE), numerical results using built-in routines in Maple 17.0 and 6 Matlab versions are presented.
description: 24 pages,5 figures, 4 tables,
Chemical Evolution Models for Spiral Disks: the Milky Way, M31 and M33
Creators: name: Marcon-Uchida, Monica M.
name: Matteucci, Francesca
name: Costa, Roberto D. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The distribution of chemical abundances and their variation in time are important tools to understand the chemical evolution of galaxies: in particular, the study of chemical evolution models can improve our understanding of the basic assumptions made for modelling our Galaxy and other spirals. To test a standard chemical evolution model for spiral disks in the Local Universe and study the influence of a threshold gas density and different efficiencies in the star formation rate (SFR) law on radial gradients (abundance, gas and SFR). We adopt a one-infall chemical evolution model where the Galactic disk forms inside-out by means of infall of gas, and we test different thresholds and efficiencies in the SFR. The model is scaled to the disk properties of three Local Group galaxies (the Milky Way, M31 and M33) by varying its dependence on the star formation efficiency and the time scale for the infalling gas into the disk. Using this simple model we are able to reproduce most of the observed constraints available in the literature for the studied galaxies. The radial oxygen abundance gradients and their time evolution are studied in detail. The present day abundance gradients are more sensitive to the threshold than to other parameters, while their temporal evolutions are more dependent on the chosen SFR efficiency. The most massive disks seem to have evolved faster (i.e. with more efficient star formation) than the less massive ones, thus suggesting a downsizing in star formation for spirals. The threshold and the efficiency of star formation play a very important role in the chemical evolution of spiral disks and an efficiency varying with radius can be used to regulate the star formation. The oxygen abundance gradient can steepen or flatten in time depending on the choice of this parameter
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, rerecommended for publication in the Astronomy & Astrophysics
The Impact of Far-Infrared/Sub-Millimeter Data on the Star Formation Rates of Massive Dusty Galaxies at Cosmic Noon
Creators: name: Wise, Eden
name: Jogee, Shardha
name: Guo, Yuchen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore how the star formation rate (SFR), stellar mass, and other properties of massive dusty galaxies at cosmic noon are impacted when far-infrared (FIR)/sub-millimeter data are added to datasets containing only ultraviolet (UV) to near-infrared (NIR) data. For a sample of 92 massive (stellar mass $> 4{\times}10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$) dusty galaxies at $z\,{\sim}\,1.5$ to 3.0 (corresponding to ${\sim}25$% of cosmic history), we fit the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) based on DECam UV-to-optical data, VICS82, NEWFIRM, and Spitzer-IRAC NIR data, and Herschel-SPIRE FIR/sub-millimeter data using the Bayesian Analysis of Galaxies for Physical Inference and Parameter Estimation (BAGPIPES) SED-fitting code. We assume a delayed tau star formation history with a log$_{10}$ prior on tau and derive the posterior distributions of stellar mass, SFR, extinction, and specific SFR. We find that adding FIR/sub-millimeter data leads to SFR estimates that can be both significantly higher or lower (typically by up to a factor of 10) than estimates based on UV-to-NIR data alone, depending on the type of galaxies involved. We find that the changes in SFR scale with changes in extinction. These results highlight the importance of including FIR/sub-millimeter data in order to accurately derive the SFRs of massive dusty galaxies at $z\,{\sim}\,2$.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Published in 2023 Compendium of Undergraduate Research in Astronomy and Space Science ASP Conference Series
Where do comets fit in the astrophysical puzzle?
Creators: name: Kelley, Michael S. P.
name: Protopapa, Silvia
name: Wong, Ian
name: Villanueva, Geronimo L.
name: Milam, Stefanie N.
name: Hammel, Heidi B.
name: Woodward, Charles E.
name: Wooden, Diane H.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Comets are one of our most direct links to the conditions present in the early Solar System. They have retained volatiles with ice sublimation temperatures as low as ~20 K, not only indicating that they formed in cold regions of the solar system’s protoplanetary disk, but also that they have remained cold over the 4.5 Gyr history of the solar system. However, an examination of the cometary population reveals characteristics that suggest their present-day compositions are affected by thermal processes. An excellent example of these characteristics can be found in the short-period comet 22P/Kopff. We present JWST/NIRSpec IFU spectroscopy of comet Kopff, and discuss the data in the context of the three primary volatiles in the cometary population: water, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Compared to water, comet Kopff is depleted in CO, similar to many other short-period comets. In contrast, the CO2-to-H2O ratio is typical for a comet of any type (short- or long-period), but the spatial distributions of these gases as observed with JWST indicate that they originate from distinctly different regions on the nucleus. Therefore, the ratio CO2/H2O measured in the coma reflects the composition of a heterogeneous surface, rather than that of the bulk nucleus. We discuss how sunlight-driven processes can reproduce these aspects of comet Kopff and others. With respect to the three primary cometary volatiles, proto-planetary disk studies can be used to inform the studies of comets, and comets provide a local analog to circumstellar debris disks.
How does framing influence preference for multiple solutions to societal problems?
Creators: name: Wu, James Shyan-Tau
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Solutions to environmental and social problems are often framed in dichotomous ways, which can be counterproductive. Instead, multiple solutions are often needed to fully address these problems. Here we examine how framing influences people’s preference for multiple solutions. In a pre-registered experiment, participants (N=1,432) were randomly assigned to one of four framing conditions. In the first three conditions, participants were presented with eight problems, each framed with multiple causes, multiple impacts, or multiple solutions to the problem. The control condition did not present any framing information. Participants indicated their preferred solution, perceived severity and urgency of the problem, and their dichotomous thinking tendency. Pre-registered analyses showed that none of the three frames had a significant impact on preference for multiple solutions, perceived severity, perceived urgency, or dichotomous thinking. However, exploratory analyses showed that perceived severity and urgency of the problem were positively correlated with people’s preference for multiple solutions, while dichotomous thinking was negatively correlated. These findings show a limited impact of framing on multi-solution preference. Future interventions should focus on addressing perceived severity and urgency, or decreasing dichotomous thinking to encourage people to adopt multiple solutions to address complex environmental and social problems.
UGC8802: A Massive Disk Galaxy in Formation
Creators: name: Moran, Sean M.
name: Kauffmann, Guinevere
name: Heckman, Timothy M.
name: Gracia-Carpio, Javier
name: Saintonge, Amelie
name: Catinella, Barbara
name: Wang, Jing
name: Chen, Yan-Mei
name: Tacconi, Linda
name: Schiminovich, David
name: Cox, Pierre
name: Giovanelli, Riccardo
name: Haynes, Martha
name: Kramer, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new observations of the galaxy UGC8802 obtained through GASS, the GALEX Arecibo SDSS Survey, which show this galaxy to be in a remarkable evolutionary state. UGC8802 (GASS35981) is a disk galaxy with stellar mass M*=2x10^10 Msolar which appears to contain an additional 2.1x10^10 Msolar of HI gas. New millimeter observations with the IRAM 30m telescope indicate a molecular gas mass only a tenth this large. Using deep long-slit spectroscopy, we examine the spatially resolved star formation rate and metallicity profiles of GASS35981 for clues to its history. We find that the star formation surface density in this galaxy is low (Sigma_SFR=0.003 Msolar/yr/kpc^2) and that the star formation is spread remarkably evenly across the galaxy. The low molecular gas masses measured in our three IRAM pointings are largely consistent with the total star formation measured within the same apertures. Our MMT long-slit spectrum reveals a sharp drop in metallicity in the outer disk of GASS35981. The ratio of current star formation rate to existing stellar mass surface density in the outer disk is extremely high, implying that all the stars must have formed within the past ~1Gyr. At current star formation rates, however, GASS35981 will not consume its HI reservoir for another 5-7 Gyr. Despite its exceptionally large gas fraction for a galaxy this massive, GASS35981 has a regular rotation curve and exhibits no sign of a recent interaction or merger. We speculate that GASS35981 may have acquired its gas directly from the inter-galactic medium, and that it and other similar galaxies identified in the GASS survey may provide rare local glimpses of gas accretion processes that were more common during the prime epoch of disk galaxy formation at z~1.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ, typo fixed
Beneath the Surface: Unveiling Harmful Memes with Multimodal Reasoning Distilled from Large Language Models
Creators: name: Lin, Hongzhan
name: Luo, Ziyang
name: Ma, Jing
name: Chen, Long
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The age of social media is rife with memes. Understanding and detecting harmful memes pose a significant challenge due to their implicit meaning that is not explicitly conveyed through the surface text and image. However, existing harmful meme detection approaches only recognize superficial harm-indicative signals in an end-to-end classification manner but ignore in-depth cognition of the meme text and image. In this paper, we attempt to detect harmful memes based on advanced reasoning over the interplay of multimodal information in memes. Inspired by the success of Large Language Models (LLMs) on complex reasoning, we first conduct abductive reasoning with LLMs. Then we propose a novel generative framework to learn reasonable thoughts from LLMs for better multimodal fusion and lightweight fine-tuning, which consists of two training stages: 1) Distill multimodal reasoning knowledge from LLMs; and 2) Fine-tune the generative framework to infer harmfulness. Extensive experiments conducted on three meme datasets demonstrate that our proposed approach achieves superior performance than state-of-the-art methods on the harmful meme detection task.
description: The first work to alleviate the issue of superficial understanding for harmful meme detection by explicitly utilizing commonsense knowledge, from a fresh perspective on harnessing advanced Large Language Models
Study of timing performance of Silicon Photomultiplier and application for a Cherenkov detector
Creators: name: Ahmed, G. S. M.
name: Bühler, P.
name: Marton, J.
name: Suzuki, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Silicon photomultipliers are very versatile photo detectors due to their high photon detection efficiency, fast response, single photon counting capability, high amplification, and their insensitivity to magnetic fields. At our institute we are studying the performance of these photo detectors at various operating conditions. On the basis of the experience in the laboratory we built a prototype of a timing Cherenkov detector consisting of a quartz radiator with two $3\times 3$ mm$^2$ MPPCs S10362-33-100C from Hamamatsu Photonics as photodetectors. The MPPC sensors were operated with Peltier cooling to minimize thermal noise and to avoid gain drifts. The test measurements at the DA$Φ$NE Beam-Test Facility (BTF) at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF) with pulsed 490 MeV electrons and the results on timing performance with Cherenkov photons are presented.
description: Conference proceedings of 12th Vienna Conference on Instrumentation 2010
The classicality and quantumness of a quantum ensemble
Creators: name: Zhu, Xuanmin
name: Pang, Shengshi
name: Wu, Shengjun
name: Liu, Quanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the classicality and quantumness of a quantum ensemble. We define a quantity called classicality to characterize how classical a quantum ensemble is. An ensemble of commuting states that can be manipulated classically has a unit classicality, while a general ensemble has a classicality less than 1. We also study how quantum an ensemble is by defining a related quantity called quantumness. We find that the classicality of an ensemble is closely related to how perfectly the ensemble can be cloned, and that the quantumness of an ensemble is essentially responsible for the security of quantum key distribution(QKD) protocols using that ensemble. Furthermore, we show that the quantumness of an ensemble used in a QKD protocol is exactly the attainable lower bound of the error rate in the sifted key.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure
Coherent spin-current oscillations in transverse magnetic fields
Creators: name: Steinigeweg, R.
name: Langer, S.
name: Heidrich-Meisner, F.
name: McCulloch, I. P.
name: Brenig, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the coherence of the dynamics of spin-currents with components transverse to an external magnetic field for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain. We study current autocorrelations at finite temperatures and the real-time dynamics of currents at zero temperature. Besides a coherent Larmor oscillation, we find an additional collective oscillation at higher frequencies, emerging as a coherent many-magnon effect at low temperatures. Using numerical and analytical methods, we analyze the oscillation frequency and decay time of this coherent current-mode versus temperature and magnetic field.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures (and supplemental material: 4 pages, 6 figures)
Dark Discrete Gauge Symmetries
Creators: name: Batell, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate scenarios in which dark matter is stabilized by an abelian Z_N discrete gauge symmetry. Models are surveyed according to symmetries and matter content. Multi-component dark matter arises when N is not prime and Z_N contains one or more subgroups. The dark sector interacts with the visible sector through the renormalizable kinetic mixing and Higgs portal operators, and we highlight the basic phenomenology in these scenarios. In particular, multiple species of dark matter can lead to an unconventional nuclear recoil spectrum in direct detection experiments, while the presence of new light states in the dark sector can dramatically affect the decays of the Higgs at the Tevatron and LHC, thus providing a window into the gauge origin of the stability of dark matter.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures; v2: references added
Superconducting and excitonic quantum phase transitions in doped systems with Dirac electrons
Creators: name: Nunes, Lizardo H. C. M.
name: Farias, Ricardo L. S.
name: Marino, Eduardo C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Material systems with Dirac electrons on a bipartite planar lattice and possessing superconducting and excitonic interactions are investigated both in the half-filling and doped regimes at zero temperature. Excitonic pairing is the analog of chiral symmetry breaking of relativistic fermion theories and produces an insulating gap in the electronic spectrum. Condensed matter systems with such competing interactions display phenomena that are analogous to the onset of the chiral condensate and of color superconductivity in dense quark matter. Evaluation of the free-energy (effective potential) allows us to map the phases of the system for different values of the couplings of each interaction. At half-filling, we show that Cooper pairs and excitons can coexist if the superconducting and excitonic interactions strengths are equal and above a quantum critical point, which is evaluated. If one of the interactions is stronger than the other, then only the corresponding order parameter is non-vanishing and we do not have coexistence. For nonzero values of chemical potential, the phase diagram for each interaction is obtained independently. Taking into account only the excitonic interaction, a critical chemical potential, as a function of the interaction strength, is obtained. If only the superconducting interaction is considered, the superconducting gap displays a characteristic dome as charge carriers are doped into the system and our results qualitatively reproduce the superconducting phase diagram of several compounds, like 122 pnictides and cuprate superconductors. We also analyze the possibility of coexistence between Cooper pairs and excitons and we show that, even if the excitonic interaction strength is greater than the superconducting interaction, as the chemical potential increases, superconductivity tends to suppress the excitonic order parameter.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures
title:   Fate and Transport of Emerging Contaminants Entering, Leaving, and Flowing Past Wastewater Treatment Plants in Central Kentucky
Creators: name: Sigler, Kyra
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 2.7
subject: FOS: Environmental engineering

description: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and neonicotinoid insecticides are two classes of emerging contaminants that have been recently detected in many environmental compartments. Both have been associated with negative impacts on humans and the environment. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been identified as likely hotspots for introduction of these contaminants into the environment. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of PFAS and neonicotinoids in two WWTPs in Central Kentucky. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were deployed in WWTP influent and effluent and placed upstream and downstream of the effluent mixing zone (EMZ) for two weeks in April and July 2022. Analytes were analyzed using an AcquityTM ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UPLC). Analyte concentrations typically increased from influent to effluent at both WWTPs, but changes from upstream to downstream of the EMZ varied by analyte. WWTP1, located in a heavily developed area, had significantly higher concentrations of most contaminants and was less impacted by seasonal change compared to WWTP2, located in a moderately developed, pastured area. Both WWTPs discharged PFAS and neonicotinoids at higher loads than they received, with the exception of WWTP1 in April, which significantly reduced neonicotinoid metabolite concentrations from influent to effluent.
description: © 2023 Kyra Sigler
Charged-Particle Thermonuclear Reaction Rates: III. Nuclear Physics Input
Creators: name: Iliadis, Christian
name: Longland, Richard
name: Champagne, Art
name: Coc, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nuclear physics input used to compute the Monte Carlo reaction rates and probability density functions that are tabulated in the second paper of this series (Paper II) is presented. Specifically, we publish the input files to the Monte Carlo reaction rate code RatesMC, which is based on the formalism presented in the first paper of this series (Paper I). This data base contains overwhelmingly experimental nuclear physics information. The survey of literature for this review was concluded in November 2009.
description: 132 pages
Population genetic characteristics for populations on the Shandong Peninsula revealed by autosomal STR
Creators: name: Zhou, Yijun
name: Huang, Lei
name: Liu, Haidong
name: Liu, Mengnan
name: Fan, Guangyao
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: The Shandong Peninsula is the largest peninsula in China and has played a vital part in Chinese civilisation. The ancient independent Laizi kingdom was located on the Shandong peninsula. While large demographic changes have happened at this peninsula throughout history, the genetic landscape of modern populations on this peninsula has never been clarified. The aims of our study were to investigate population genetic characteristics of the populations on the Shandong peninsula and to reveal their genetic affinities with other populations around the world. Allele frequencies, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and forensic parameters of 15 autosomal STRs in the AmpFlSTR® Identifiler system were obtained from the studied populations with 2441 individuals in total. Allele frequencies were used to reveal the phylogenetic relationships among 287 worldwide populations. The combined power of discrimination (CPD) and the combined power of exclusion (CPE) in the whole of the Han population on the Shandong Peninsula were 0.999999999999999983 and 0.999998155, respectively. The 15 autosomal loci were polymorphic and informative among our studied populations. Genetic homogeneities were revealed between the modern populations on the Shandong Peninsula and Han nationalities from Northeastern China as well as East China.
Spectral Energy Distributions of 6.7 GHz methanol masers
Creators: name: Pandian, J. D.
name: Momjian, E.
name: Xu, Y.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Goldsmith, P. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 6.7 GHz maser transition of methanol has been found exclusively towards massive star forming regions. A majority of the masers have been found to lack the presence of any associated radio continuum. This could be due to the maser emission originating prior to the formation of an HII region around the central star, or from the central object being too cool to produce a HII region. One way to distinguish between the two scenarios is to determine and model the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of the masers. We observed a sample of 20 6.7 GHz methanol masers selected from the blind Arecibo survey, from centimeter to submillimeter wavelengths. We combined our observations with existing data from various Galactic plane surveys to determine SEDs from centimeter to near-infrared wavelengths. We find that 70% of the masers do not have any associated radio continuum, with the rest of the sources being associated with hypercompact and ultracompact HII regions. Modeling the SEDs shows them to be consistent with rapidly accreting massive stars, with accretion rates well above 10^{-3} M_sun/yr. The upper limits on the radio continuum are also consistent with any ionized region being confined close to the stellar surface. This confirms the paradigm of 6.7 GHz methanol masers being signposts of early phases of massive star formation, mostly prior to the formation of a hypercompact HII region.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures; Accepted by A&A
Additional file 1 of Retinal nerve fiber layer thinning as a novel fingerprint for cardiovascular events: results from the prospective cohorts in UK and China
Creators: name: Chen, Yanping
name: Yuan, Yixiong
name: Zhang, Shiran
name: Yang, Shaopeng
name: Zhang, Junyao
name: Guo, Xiao
name: Huang, Wenyong
name: Zhu, Zhuoting
name: He, Mingguang
name: Wang, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Flowchart showing inclusion and exclusion criteria of the population from UK Biobank. Figure S2. Macular OCT retinal layers segmentation in one sample OCT image from the UK Biobank. Table S1. Definition of variables in touchscreen questionnaire, verbal interview, and inpatient records of diagnosis. Table S2. Incidence rates of CVD Events in UK Biobank stratified by mRNFL thickness tertiles. Table S3. Baseline characteristics of participants in GDES stratified by incident CVD. Table S4. Distribution of baseline peripapillary RNFL (pRNFL) of participants in GDES stratified by incident CVD. Table S5. Summary of previous cross-sectional studies on RNFL and cardiovascular diseases.
One-dimensional structures behind twisted and untwisted superYang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Baulieu, Laurent
name: Toppan, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q60, 81T13

description: We give a one-dimensional interpretation of the four-dimensional twisted N=1 superYang-Mills theory on a Kaehler manifold by performing an appropriate dimensional reduction. We prove the existence of a 6-generator superalgebra, which does not possess any invariant Lagrangian but contains two different subalgebras that determine the twisted and untwisted formulations of the N=1 superYang-Mills theory.
description: 12 pages. Final version to appear in Lett. Math. Phys. with improved notation and misprints corrected
Applying conventional funding mechanisms to rewilding : the opportunities and challenges for funding rewilding in Europe
Creators: name: Dunn-Capper, Rowan
name: Quaas, Martin F.
name: Sandom, Christopher J.
name: Svenning, Jens-Christian
name: Pereira, Henrique M.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 577

description: As we progress through the United Nations' “Decade of Restoration”, we face the challenge of identifying and developing restoration funding mechanisms for two reasons. First, given past failures at the global level to meet restoration goals, funding mechanisms are needed that allow for scaling up restoration efforts. Second, restoration approaches are changing, with an increasing focus on functional and dynamic restoration goals. Rewilding is an emerging ecological restoration strategy that addresses both of these challenges by restoring self-sustaining complex ecosystems characterized by minimal human interference. As of yet there has been little attention paid to rewilding in the discussion around restoration funding. We suggest that rewilding offers a promising avenue for restoration funding in Europe. However, the unique characteristics of rewilding may also lead to challenges when attempting to tap into existing funding streams, which may need to be modified to better suit rewilding special needs.
Charged-Particle Thermonuclear Reaction Rates: IV. Comparison to Previous Work
Creators: name: Iliadis, Christian
name: Longland, Richard
name: Champagne, Art
name: Coc, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare our Monte Carlo reaction rates (see Paper II of this series) to previous results that were obtained by using the classical method of computing thermonuclear reaction rates. For each reaction, the comparison is presented using two types of graphs: the first shows the change in reaction rate uncertainties, while the second displays our new results normalized to the previously recommended reaction rate. We find that the rates have changed significantly for almost all reactions considered here. The changes are caused by (i) our new Monte Carlo method of computing reaction rates (see Paper I of this series), and (ii) newly available nuclear physics information (see Paper III of this series).
description: 67 pages, 62 figures
A lightweight semantic slam solution for small form factor autonomous vehicles
Creators: name: Wiberg, Dallin Clark
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: Autonomous navigation
Low SWaP

description: As the interest in autonomous vehicles continues to increase, much effort has gone into developing technologies that enable vehicles to independently and reliably navigate in poorly mapped environments. Nonetheless, reliable navigation in GPS-denied scenarios or through indoor environments continues to present many challenges. Further, the very nature of these scenarios often necessitates certain size, weight, power, and cost (SWaP-C) constraints on the vehicle. This places an additional computational burden on a system’s ability for accurate navigation and path-planning. To this end, this work first proposes the design and development of a unique RGB-LiDAR computer vision pipeline for low SWaP-C 3D object bounding box estimation. This thesis then details the design and implementation of this pipeline into a Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) solution for small form factor autonomous vehicles. Computer vision, in conjunction with the proliferation of neural networks, has been an asset of increasing promise within the endeavor for autonomous navigation. With a clever architecture of the sensor suite, RGB and LiDAR data can be aligned and fused in such a way to identify and produce valuable information about surrounding objects. Computationally lightweight algorithms have been developed that reliably estimate not only the range and bearing to the object but also the object’s physical dimensions in the form of a 3-dimensional bounding box. In unknown or GPS-constrained environments, SLAM is a common method for providing an autonomous navigation solution. Among computer vision methods, the great bulk of SLAM solutions employ the tracking of low context features such as points, corners, or edges sensed in the environment around the vehicle. The relatively heavy computational burden of such algorithms renders implementation onto small form factor vehicles exceptionally challenging. In contrast, the ability to track high-context features from the environment, such as complete objects, provides two distinct benefits. First, this provides a means of reducing the dimensionality of the SLAM problem, thereby lending itself nicely to design with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) architecture. This further assists the low SWaP-C objective. Secondly, this naturally produces information about and a map of the environment with a higher semantic value. This has large implications and benefits in its ability to feed valuable information into higher level autonomy and decision making.
Magnetic traveling-stripe-forcing: enhanced transport in the advent of the Rosensweig instability
Creators: name: Friedrich, Thomas
name: Rehberg, Ingo
name: Richter, Reinhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new kind of contactless pumping mechanism is realized in a layer of ferrofluid via a spatio-temporally modulated magnetic field. The resulting pressure gradient leads to a liquid ramp, which is measured by means of X-rays. The transport mechanism works best if a resonance of the surface waves with the driving is achieved. The behavior can be understood semi-quantitatively by considering the magnetically influenced dispersion relation of the fluid.
description: 6 Pages, 8 Figures
Do Socialization Restrictions Prevent Restaurants from Becoming Covid Hotspots?
Creators: name: Bhatnagar, Aviral
name: Kharkwal, Himanshu
name: Srivastava, Jaideep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulation models for infection spread can help understand what factors play a major role in infection spread. Health agencies like the Center for Disease Control (CDC) can accordingly mandate effective guidelines to curb the spread. We built an infection spread model to simulate disease propagation through airborne transmission to study the impact of restaurant operational policies on the Covid-19 infections. We use the Wells-Riley model to measure the expected value of new infections in a given time-frame in a particular location. For the purpose of this study, we have restricted our analysis to bars and restaurants in the Minneapolis-St. Paul region. Our model helps identify disease hotspots within the Twin Cities and proves that stay-at-home orders were effective during the recent lockdown, and the people typically followed the social distancing guidelines. To arrive at this conclusion, we performed significance testing by considering specific hypothetical scenarios. At the end of the study, we discuss the reasoning behind the hotspots, and make suggestions that could help avoid them.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Why reducing relative deprivation but not reducing income inequality might bring down COVID-19 infections
Creators: name: Stark, Oded
name: Stark, Oded
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: Inequality in the distribution of incomes
subject: Attributes of the Gini coefficient
subject: Relative deprivation
subject: Public health
subject: Policy formation

description: We examine an assumed link between reducing inequality in income distribution, namely reducing the Gini coefficient on one hand, and improving public health in general and lowering the incidence and severity of COVID-19 in particular on the other hand. The Gini coefficient can be shown to consist of two components, one of which is (a measure of) relative deprivation, which was found to cause social stress that harms public health. Because a component is not the whole, the lowering of inequality in the income distribution by means of reducing the Gini coefficient does not necessarily result in lowering relative deprivation. Specifically, we show that a policy of reducing income inequality aimed at improving public health might not be effective - even when, in the process, no-one’s income is reduced, or all incomes increase.
The distribution of water in the high-mass star-forming region NGC 6334I
Creators: name: Emprechtinger, M.
name: Lis, D. C.
name: Bell, T.
name: Phillips, T. G.
name: Schilke, P.
name: Comito, C.
name: Rolffs, R.
name: van der Tak, F.
name: Ceccarelli, C.
name: Aarts, H.
name: Bacmann, A.
name: Baudry, A.
name: Benedettini, M.
name: Bergin, E. A.
name: Blake, G.
name: Boogert, A.
name: Bottinelli, S.
name: Cabrit, S.
name: Caselli, P.
name: Castets, A.
name: Caux, E.
name: Cernicharo, J.
name: Codella, C.
name: Coutens, A.
name: Crimier, N.
name: Demyk, K.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Encrenaz, P.
name: Falgarone, E.
name: Fuente, A.
name: Gerin, M.
name: Goldsmith, P.
name: Helmich, F.
name: Hennebelle, P.
name: Henning, T.
name: Herbst, E.
name: Hily-Blant, P.
name: Jacq, T.
name: Kahane, C.
name: Kama, M.
name: Klotz, A.
name: Kooi, J.
name: Langer, W.
name: Lefloch, B.
name: Loose, A.
name: Lord, S.
name: Lorenzani, A.
name: Maret, S.
name: Melnick, G.
name: Neufeld, D.
name: Nisini, B.
name: Ossenkopf, V.
name: Pacheco, S.
name: Pagani, L.
name: Parise, B.
name: Pearson, J.
name: Risacher, C.
name: Salez, M.
name: Saraceno, P.
name: Schuster, K.
name: Stutzki, J.
name: Tielens, X.
name: van der Wiel, M.
name: Vastel, C.
name: Viti, S.
name: Wakelam, V.
name: Walters, A.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Yorke, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations of twelve rotational transitions of H2O-16, H2O-18, and H2O-17 toward the massive star-forming region NGC 6334 I, carried out with Herschel/HIFI as part of the guaranteed time key program Chemical HErschel Surveys of Star forming regions (CHESS). We analyze these observations to obtain insights into physical processes in this region. We identify three main gas components (hot core, cold foreground, and outflow) in NGC 6334 I and derive the physical conditions in these components. The hot core, identified by the emission in highly excited lines, shows a high excitation temperature of 200 K, whereas water in the foreground component is predominantly in the ortho- and para- ground states. The abundance of water varies between 4 10^-5 (outflow) and 10^-8 (cold foreground gas). This variation is most likely due to the freeze-out of water molecules onto dust grains. The H2O-18/H2O-17 abundance ratio is 3.2, which is consistent with the O-18/O-17 ratio determined from CO isotopologues. The ortho/para ratio in water appears to be relatively low 1.6(1) in the cold, quiescent gas, but close to the equilibrium value of three in the warmer outflow material (2.5(0.8)).
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, accepted by A&A
Prediction of cycle time using finite impulse response filter and polynomial trajectory generation techniques
Creators: name: Tam, Sharon
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The demand in methods to manufacture parts with complex geometries accurately while minimizing the machining times have driven the technological development of computer numerical control (CNC) machine interpolator algorithms. However, the nature of these algorithms are hidden within the proprietary software of commercial CNC systems, making it difficult to predict the cycle time (i.e. machining time) of a part. This thesis presents the use of finite impulse response (FIR) filtering and polynomial interpolation methods in cycle time prediction algorithms for CNC machines. CNCs use either FIR filter or polynomial based motion trajectory generators to deliver smooth reference position commands to the machine tool’s feed drives. A FIR filter trajectory generation algorithm was developed using two cascaded first-order FIR filters with local corner smoothing by controlling the timing of velocity pulses for 5-axis CNC machine tools. Through the identification of FIR filter parameters from CNC machines using a simple linear toolpath, a cycle time prediction algorithm was developed from the trajectory generation algorithm suited for part programs with longer path segments. The FIR filter-based trajectory generation was experimentally validated to predict cycle times with less than 10% error. Another cycle time prediction algorithm was developed using a polynomial-based trajectory generation algorithm with a cubic acceleration motion profile and spline corner smoothing. The motion parameters such as corner feed, acceleration, and jerk required for polynomial-based interpolation methods are identified for a CNC machine using a corner variance test and approximated using exponential functions. The parameters are fed into the trajectory generation algorithm to predict the cycle time for a part program. The polynomial-based cycle time prediction was proven to predict cycle times within 1% of the actual measured time on the machine.
Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in a large, multi-centre cohort of Chinese donors
Creators: name: He, Min
name: Zheng, Zhong-zheng
name: He, Qing-qing
name: Li, Dai-yang
name: Liao, Kuan-zhen
name: An, Lin
name: Weng, Qi
name: Wang, Ning-juan
name: Wang, Li-ping
name: Sun, Qin
name: Wang, Jian
name: Xiao, Pei-li
name: Du, Ke-ming
name: Jiang, Ming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR), which mediates the killing function of NK cells, is an attractive candidate for adoptive cellular therapy. The ethnic distribution for China provides a unique opportunity to investigate KIR gene distribution. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between population history and the rapidly evolving KIR genetic diversity. 8050 Chinese donors from 184 hospitals were included to analyse frequency, haplotype, and B-content data of 16 KIR genes, by PCR-SSP for KIR genotyping. KIR gene carrier frequencies were found similar to those observed in other studies on Han, but different from Thais, Japanese, Africans, and populations of West Eurasian ancestry. High-frequency KIR genotype profiles found in the present population were consistent with other studies on Han populations but different from those conducted on other cohorts. The majority of our cohort carried group A KIR gene motifs. Additionally, populations with similar geographic locations in China were shown clustered together, while Hainan and Xinjiang provinces were slightly separated from these. The distribution of KIR genes varies by geographic region, and different ethnic groups may be a confounding factor of KIR diversity.
Persistent modification of magnetotransport properties in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 by gate-induced modification of structural domains
Creators: name: Prasad, Mithun S.
name: Schmidt, Georg
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 530

description: We investigate the influence of large electric fields on the transport properties of nanostructures patterned into the electron gas at the interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 (100). In these nanostructures, the transport is largely dominated by domain walls between structural domains in the SrTiO3 appearing below a structural phase transition temperature. We find that both positive and negative gate voltages applied in a side-gate configuration can induce persistent changes in the sample that are only reversed by warming through the phase transition. These changes include a resistance increase and a change in magnetoresistance in magnitude and sign. Furthermore, a resistance anomaly during warm-up that has been observed in the past can be further increased by briefly applying a side-gate voltage. These effects are typically observed in nanostructures below a certain size limit. The electric fields also increase this size limit from a few-hundred nm to more than 1 μm. All these observations can be consistently explained by a field-induced removal of specific domain-wall types accompanied by an increasing domain size and a reduced number of domain walls in the structures. The results not only show that under certain conditions domain walls can dominate the transport properties even of micron-sized structures, but they also provide an additional tuning knob to induce nonvolatile changes in the transport properties of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces at low temperatures.
Tailored particle current in an optical lattice by a weak time-symmetric harmonic potential
Creators: name: Santos, Julio
name: Molina, Rafael A.
name: Ortigoso, Juan
name: Rodríguez, Mirta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum ratchets exhibit asymptotic currents when driven by a time-periodic potential of zero mean if the proper spatio-temporal symmetries are broken. There has been recent debate on whether directed currents may arise for potentials which do not break these symmetries. We show here that, in the presence of degeneracies in the quasienergy spectrum, long-lasting directed currents can be induced, even if the time reversal symmetry is not broken. Our model can be realized with ultracold atoms in optical lattices in the tight-binding regime, and we show that the time scale of the average current can be controlled by extremely weak fields.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Eccentricity Growth Rates of Tidally Distorted Discs
Creators: name: Lubow, Stephen H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider discs that orbit a central object and are tidally perturbed by a circular orbit companion. Such discs are sometimes subject to an eccentric instability due to the effects of certain resonances. Eccentric instabilities may be present in planetary rings perturbed by satellites, protostellar discs perturbed by planets, and discs in binary star systems. Although the basic mechanism for eccentric instability is well understood, the detailed response of a gaseous disc to such an instability is not understood. We apply a linear eccentricity evolution equation developed by Goodchild and Ogilvie. We explore how the eccentricity is distributed in such a disc and how the distribution in turn affects the instability growth rate for a range of disc properties. We identify a disc mode, termed the superhump mode, that is likely at work in the superhump binary star case. The mode results from the excitation of the fundamental free precession mode. We determine an analytic expression for the fundamental free mode precession rate that is applicable to a sufficiently cool disc. Depending on the disc sound speed and disc edge location, other eccentric modes can grow faster than the superhump mode and dominate.
description: 11 pages, 15 figures to be published on MNRAS