A roadmap for the atmospheric characterization of terrestrial exoplanets with JWST
Creators: name: Initiative, TRAPPIST-1 JWST Community
name: :
name: de Wit, Julien
name: Doyon, René
name: Rackham, Benjamin V.
name: Lim, Olivia
name: Ducrot, Elsa
name: Kreidberg, Laura
name: Benneke, Björn
name: Ribas, Ignasi
name: Berardo, David
name: Niraula, Prajwal
name: Iyer, Aishwarya
name: Shapiro, Alexander
name: Kostogryz, Nadiia
name: Witzke, Veronika
name: Gillon, Michaël
name: Agol, Eric
name: Meadows, Victoria
name: Burgasser, Adam J.
name: Owen, James E.
name: Fortney, Jonathan J.
name: Selsis, Franck
name: Bello-Arufe, Aaron
name: de Beurs, Zoë
name: Bolmont, Emeline
name: Cowan, Nicolas
name: Dong, Chuanfei
name: Drake, Jeremy J.
name: Garcia, Lionel
name: Greene, Thomas
name: Haworth, Thomas
name: Hu, Renyu
name: Kane, Stephen R.
name: Kervella, Pierre
name: Koll, Daniel
name: Krissansen-Totton, Joshua
name: Lagage, Pierre-Olivier
name: Lichtenberg, Tim
name: Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob
name: Lingam, Manasvi
name: Turbet, Martin
name: Seager, Sara
name: Barkaoui, Khalid
name: Bell, Taylor J.
name: Burdanov, Artem
name: Cadieux, Charles
name: Charnay, Benjamin
name: Cloutier, Ryan
name: Cook, Neil J.
name: Correia, Alexandre C. M.
name: Dang, Lisa
name: Daylan, Tansu
name: Delrez, Laetitia
name: Edwards, Billy
name: Fauchez, Thomas J.
name: Flagg, Laura
name: Fraschetti, Federico
name: Haqq-Misra, Jacob
name: Huang, Ziyu
name: Iro, Nicolas
name: Jayawardhana, Ray
name: Jehin, Emmanuel
name: Jin, Meng
name: Kite, Edwin
name: Kitzmann, Daniel
name: Kral, Quentin
name: Lafrenière, David
name: Libert, Anne-Sophie
name: Liu, Beibei
name: Mohanty, Subhanjoy
name: Morris, Brett M.
name: Murray, Catriona A.
name: Piaulet, Caroline
name: Pozuelos, Francisco J.
name: Radica, Michael
name: Ranjan, Sukrit
name: Rathcke, Alexander
name: Roy, Pierre-Alexis
name: Schwieterman, Edward W.
name: Turner, Jake D.
name: Triaud, Amaury
name: Way, Michael J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-cool dwarf stars are abundant, long-lived, and uniquely suited to enable the atmospheric study of transiting terrestrial companions with JWST. Amongst them, the most prominent is the M8.5V star TRAPPIST-1 and its seven planets. While JWST Cycle 1 observations have started to yield preliminary insights into the planets, they have also revealed that their atmospheric exploration requires a better understanding of their host star. Here, we propose a roadmap to characterize the TRAPPIST-1 system -- and others like it -- in an efficient and robust manner. We notably recommend that -- although more challenging to schedule -- multi-transit windows be prioritized to mitigate the effects of stellar activity and gather up to twice more transits per JWST hour spent. We conclude that, for such systems, planets cannot be studied in isolation by small programs, but rather need large-scale, jointly space- and ground-based initiatives to fully exploit the capabilities of JWST for the exploration of terrestrial planets.