Recurvaria Haworth 1828
Creators: name: Lee, Sangmi
name: Brown, Richard L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Gelechiidae
Recurvaria

description: Recurvaria Haworth
Recurvaria Haworth, 1828: 547.
Type species: Tinea nanella [Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775, by subsequent designation (Walsingham 1910). Lita Kollar, 1832: 95.
Type species: Tinea nanella [Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775, by subsequent designation (Nye and Fletcher 1991). Telea Stephens, 1834: 244. Preoccupied by Telea Hübner (1819). Aphanaula Meyrick, 1895: 579.
Type species: Phalaena leucatella Clerck, 1759, by subsequent designation (Walsingham 1910). Hinnebergia Spuler, 1910: 356.
Type species: Tinea nanella [Denis and Schiffermüller], 1775, by monotypy. Microlechia Turati, 1924: 162.
Type species: Microlechia chretieni Turati, 1924 by monotypy.
Description. Imago (Fig. 57). Labial palpus with third segment as long as second (Fig. 19). Antenna longer than half forewing length. Clypeus with ventral margin rounded. Ocellus present. Posterior area of sitophore with four campaniform sensilla in symmetrical trapezoid pattern with posterior pair closer together than anterior pair; anterior area with 4 or 8 campaniform sensilla. Forewing (length/width ratio 4.2) with tufts of raised scales, with pterostigma; R5 and M1 stalked to near apex, M2 and M3 connate, CuA1 longer than CuA2 and closer to M3 than to CuA2; median fascia transverse or directed from base of costa toward posterior margin. Hindwing (length/width ratio 4.1) with R5 and M1 connate, M3 and CuA1 connate; males of some species with off-white hair pencil at base of anal area. Male abdominal sternum VIII broad, with slightly to broadly emarginate mesial margin; tergum VIII much smaller than sternum VIII.
Male genitalia: uncus as wide as long, widest near apex, shorter than gnathos; gnathos with ventral part hook shaped, stout, shorter than that in species of Agnippe; costal part of valva as narrow as that in species of Parastenolechia, flagellate, with bulbous base; saccular part of valva absent; saccus not developed; tegumen basal width/length ratio 0.4; vinculum with mesial process directed posteriorly; phallus straight, without cornuti.
Female genitalia: apophyses anteriores about 2 x length of abdominal segment VIII; antrum not developed; ductus bursae membranous; signum subtrapezoidal with serrate margins.
Larva. Length 6 to 10 mm; head and divided prothoracic shield black; prolegs often with a fuscous annulus, crochets in a complete circle, unevenly biordinal (Keifer 1928; Meyrick 1895; Stainton 1865).
Pupa. Maxillary palpi separated from genae; frons lacking a tubercle; frontoclypeal suture convex; labrum rounded; prothoracic legs adjacent to oculi; apices of metathoracic legs small, their caudal part subequal in width to antennae; abdominal segment VII not margined caudally by setae (Keifer 1928; Patoèka and Turcáni 2005).
Diagnosis. Species of Recurvaria resemble those of Coleotechnites in color, pattern, and size, but Recurvaria can be differentiated by having veins M2 and M3 connate in the forewing, M2 and M3 separate in the hindwing, and bilaterally symmetrical male genitalia.
Hosts. Aceraceae: Acer sp. (R. leucatella). Betulaceae: Betula sp. (R. nanella, R. leucatella). Corylaceae: Corylus L. (R. nanella). Oleaceae: Fraxinus L. (R. leucatella). Rhamnaceae: Ceanothus spp. (R. consimilis, R. francisca). Rosaceae: Prunus spp. (R. leucatella, R. nanella, R. thomeriella), Pyrus spp. (R. nanella, R. leucatella), Amelanchier ovalis Med. (R. nanella, R. leucatella), Chaenomeles sp. (R. nanella), Cotoneaster sp. (R. nanella), Crataegus spp. (R. leucatella, R. nanella), Cydonia sp. (R. nanella), Malus spp. (R. leucatella, R. nanella), Sorbus spp. (R. leucatella, R. nanella). (Bland 2002; De Benedictis et al. 1990; Chrétien 1901; Emmet 1988; Forbes 1923; Huemer 1988; Huemer and Karsholt 1999; Keifer 1930; Robinson et al. 2002).
Diversity and distribution. Recurvaria includes 11 species occurring in eastern North America, Europe, and Asia with greatest diversity in the Nearctic Region (Braun 1930; Fletcher 1929; Forbes 1923; Fracker 1915; Hauder 1913; Heinemann 1870; Hering 1932; Hodges 1965; Huemer and Karsholt 1999; Kuznetzov 1979; Meyrick 1925, 1928; Patoèka 1987; Snellen 1882; Spuler 1910; Stainton 1870).
description: Published as part of Lee, Sangmi & Brown, Richard L., 2008, Revision of Holarctic Teleiodini (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1818 on page 22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182949