cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hybrid analytic and machine-learned baryonic property insertion into galactic dark matter haloes
Creators: name: Moews, Ben
name: Davé, Romeel
name: Mitra, Sourav
name: Hassan, Sultan
name: Cui, Weiguang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 85A35, 62P35, 68T05

description: While cosmological dark matter-only simulations relying solely on gravitational effects are comparably fast to compute, baryonic properties in simulated galaxies require complex hydrodynamic simulations that are computationally costly to run. We explore the merging of an extended version of the equilibrium model, an analytic formalism describing the evolution of the stellar, gas, and metal content of galaxies, into a machine learning framework. In doing so, we are able to recover more properties than the analytic formalism alone can provide, creating a high-speed hydrodynamic simulation emulator that populates galactic dark matter haloes in N-body simulations with baryonic properties. While there exists a trade-off between the reached accuracy and the speed advantage this approach offers, our results outperform an approach using only machine learning for a subset of baryonic properties. We demonstrate that this novel hybrid system enables the fast completion of dark matter-only information by mimicking the properties of a full hydrodynamic suite to a reasonable degree, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hybrid versus machine learning-only frameworks. In doing so, we offer an acceleration of commonly deployed simulations in cosmology.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Expanded Cytotoxic T-cell Lymphocytes Target the Latent HIV Reservoir
Creators: name: Bollard, Catherine M.
name: Lam, Sharon
name: Archin, Nancie
name: Garrido, Carolina
name: Sung, Julia A.
name: Margolis, David M.
name: Rooney, Cliona M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Enhanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific immunity may be required for HIV eradication. Administration of autologous, ex vivo expanded, virus-specific, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes derived from HIV-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (HXTCs) are a powerful tool for proof-of-concept studies. Broadly specific, polyclonal HXTCs resulting from ex vivo expansion demonstrated improved control of autologous reservoir virus compared to bulk CD8+ T cells in viral inhibition assays. Furthermore, patient-derived HXTCs were able to clear latently infected autologous resting CD4+ T cells following exposure to the latency-reversing agent, vorinostat. HXTCs will be ideal reagents to administer with precise control in future in vivo studies in combination with latency-reversing agents.
Twins like to be seen: Observational biases affecting spectroscopically selected binary stars
Creators: name: Cantrell, Andrew G.
name: Dougan, Tyler J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Massive binary stars undergo qualitatively different evolution when the two components are similar in mass ('twins'), and the abundance of twin binaries is therefore important to understanding a wide range of astrophysical phenomena. We reconsider the results of Pinsonneault & Stanek (2006), who argue that a large proportion of binary stars have nearly equal-mass components; we find that their data imply a relatively small number of such 'twins.' We argue that samples of double-lined spectroscopic binaries are biased towards systems with nearly equal-brightness components. We present a Monte-Carlo model of this bias, which simultaneously explains the abundance of twins in the unevolved binaries of Pinsonneault & Stanek (2006), and the lack of twins in their evolved systems. After accounting for the bias, we find that their observed mass ratios may be consistent with a variety of intrinsic distributions, including either a flat distribution or a Salpeter distribution. We conclude that the observed overabundance of twins in Pinsonneault & Stanek (2006) does not reflect the true population of binaries, and we briefly discuss the astrophysical implications of the lack of twins.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Alignment of the Diamond Nitrogen Vacancy Center by Strain Engineering
Creators: name: Karin, Todd
name: Dunham, Scott
name: Fu, Kai-Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is a sensitive probe of magnetic field and a promising qubit candidate for quantum information processing. The performance of many NV-based devices improves by aligning the NV(s) parallel to a single crystallographic direction. Using ab initio theoretical techniques, we show that NV orientation can be controlled by high-temperature annealing in the presence of strain under currently accessible experimental conditions. We find that $(89\pm7)\%$ of NVs align along the [111] crystallographic direction under 2\% compressive biaxial strain (perpendicular to [111]) and an annealing temperature of 970$^\circ$C.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures and supplemental material
Precise Quantitation of the Latent HIV-1 Reservoir: Implications for Eradication Strategies
Creators: name: Bateson, Rosalie
name: Margolis, David M.
name: Eron, Joseph J.
name: Kuruc, JoAnn D.
name: Archin, Nancie M.
name: Gay, Cynthia L.
name: Cope, Anna B.
name: Dahl, Noelle P.
name: Crooks, Amanda M.
name: Bosch, Ronald J.
name: Griggs, Morgan K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) provides a precise minimal estimate of the reservoir of resting CD4+ T-cell infection (resting cell infection [RCI]). However, the variability of RCI over time during antiretroviral therapy (ART), relevant to assess potential effects of latency-reversing agents or other interventions, has not been fully described. We performed QVOA on resting CD4+ T cells obtained via leukapheresis from 37 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients receiving stable suppressive ART for a period of 6 years. Patients who started ART during acute (n = 17) or chronic (n = 20) HIV infection were studied once HIV RNA levels were <50 copies/mL for ≥6 months. Using random effects analysis of 160 RCI measurements, we found that RCI declined significantly over time (P < .001), with an estimated mean half-life of 3.6 years (95% confidence interval, 2.3–8.1 years), remarkably consistent with findings of prior studies. There was no evidence of more rapid decay in acute versus chronic HIV infection (P = .99) for patients suppressed ≥6 months. RCI was reliably estimated with longitudinal measurements generally showing <2-fold variation from the previous measure. When QVOA is performed in this format, RCI decreases of >6-fold were rare. We suggest that a 6-fold decline is a relevant threshold to reliably identify effects of antilatency interventions on RCI.
Cohomology of Dominated Diffeomorphism-Valued Cocycles Over Hyperbolic Systems
Creators: name: Backes, Lucas H.
name: Kocsard, Alejandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove a rigidity theorem for dominated Hölder cocycles with values on diffeomorphism groups of a compact manifold over hyperbolic homeomorphisms. More precisely, we show that if two such cocycles have equal periodic data, then they are cohomologous.
description: A few improvements were made. To appear in Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Syst
The A581 G Mutation in the Gene Encoding Plasmodium falciparum Dihydropteroate Synthetase Reduces the Effectiveness of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Preventive Therapy in Malawian Pregnant Women
Creators: name: Mathanga, Don P.
name: Wiegand, Ryan E.
name: Dzinjalamala, Fraction
name: Zhou, Zhiyong
name: Ali, Doreen
name: Madanitsa, Mwayi
name: Meshnick, Steve
name: Khairallah, Carole
name: Thwai, Kyaw L.
name: Skarbinski, Jacek
name: Shi, Ya Ping
name: Taylor, Steve
name: Kalilani, Linda
name: Gutman, Julie
name: Chaluluka, Ebbie
name: ter Kuile, Feiko O.
name: Mwandama, Dyson
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Background. The A581G mutation in the gene encoding Plasmodium falciparum dihydropteroate synthase (dhps), in combination with the quintuple mutant involving mutations in both dhps and the gene encoding dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), the so-called sextuple mutant, has been associated with increased placental inflammation and decreased infant birth weight among women receiving intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) during pregnancy.
Error-related activity of the sensorimotor network contributes to the prediction of response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Creators: name: Grützmann, Rosa
name: Klawohn, Julia
name: Elsner, Björn
name: Reuter, Benedikt
name: Kaufmann, Christian
name: Riesel, Anja
name: Bey, Katharina
name: Heinzel, Stephan
name: Kathmann, Norbert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Obsessive–compulsive disorder
subject: Error monitoring
subject: Cognitive-behavioral therapy
subject: Response prediction
subject: FMRI
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background Although cognitive behavioral therapy is a highly effective treatment for obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), yielding large symptom reductions on the group level, individual treatment response varies considerably. Identification of treatment response predictors may provide important information for maximizing individual treatment response and thus achieving efficient treatment resource allocation. Here, we investigated the predictive value of previously identified biomarkers of OCD, namely the error-related activity of the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the sensorimotor network (SMN, postcentral gyrus/precuneus). Methods Seventy-two participants with a primary diagnosis of OCD underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing a flanker task prior to receiving routine-care CBT. Results Error-related BOLD response of the SMN significantly contributed to the prediction of treatment response beyond the variance accounted for by clinical and sociodemographic variables. Stronger error-related SMN activity at baseline was associated with a higher likelihood of treatment response. Conclusions The present results illustrate that the inclusion of error-related SMN activity can significantly increase treatment response prediction quality in OCD. Stronger error-related activity of the SMN may reflect the ability to activate symptom-relevant processing networks and may thus facilitate response to exposure-based CBT interventions.
A New Periocular Dataset Collected by Mobile Devices in Unconstrained Scenarios
Creators: name: Zanlorensi, Luiz A.
name: Laroca, Rayson
name: Lucio, Diego R.
name: Santos, Lucas R.
name: Britto, Alceu S.
name: Menotti, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recently, ocular biometrics in unconstrained environments using images obtained at visible wavelength have gained the researchers' attention, especially with images captured by mobile devices. Periocular recognition has been demonstrated to be an alternative when the iris trait is not available due to occlusions or low image resolution. However, the periocular trait does not have the high uniqueness presented in the iris trait. Thus, the use of datasets containing many subjects is essential to assess biometric systems' capacity to extract discriminating information from the periocular region. Also, to address the within-class variability caused by lighting and attributes in the periocular region, it is of paramount importance to use datasets with images of the same subject captured in distinct sessions. As the datasets available in the literature do not present all these factors, in this work, we present a new periocular dataset containing samples from 1,122 subjects, acquired in 3 sessions by 196 different mobile devices. The images were captured under unconstrained environments with just a single instruction to the participants: to place their eyes on a region of interest. We also performed an extensive benchmark with several Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures and models that have been employed in state-of-the-art approaches based on Multi-class Classification, Multitask Learning, Pairwise Filters Network, and Siamese Network. The results achieved in the closed- and open-world protocol, considering the identification and verification tasks, show that this area still needs research and development.
Using Amplicon Deep Sequencing to Detect Genetic Signatures of Plasmodium vivax Relapse
Creators: name: Juliano, Jonathan J.
name: Lon, Chanthap
name: Chuor, Char Meng
name: Sriwichai, Sabaithip
name: Saunders, David L.
name: Hathaway, Nicholas J.
name: Satharath, Prom
name: Lin, Jessica T.
name: Kharabora, Oksana
name: Kartchner, Laurel
name: Balasubramanian, Sujata
name: Lanteri, Charlotte
name: Gosi, Panita
name: Bailey, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Plasmodium vivax infections often recur due to relapse of hypnozoites from the liver. In malaria-endemic areas, tools to distinguish relapse from reinfection are needed. We applied amplicon deep sequencing to P. vivax isolates from 78 Cambodian volunteers, nearly one-third of whom suffered recurrence at a median of 68 days. Deep sequencing at a highly variable region of the P. vivax merozoite surface protein 1 gene revealed impressive diversity—generating 67 unique haplotypes and detecting on average 3.6 cocirculating parasite clones within individuals, compared to 2.1 clones detected by a combination of 3 microsatellite markers. This diversity enabled a scheme to classify over half of recurrences as probable relapses based on the low probability of reinfection by multiple recurring variants. In areas of high P. vivax diversity, targeted deep sequencing can help detect genetic signatures of relapse, key to evaluating antivivax interventions and achieving a better understanding of relapse-reinfection epidemiology.
UVMag: Space UV and visible spectropolarimetry
Creators: name: Pertenais, Martin
name: Neiner, Coralie
name: Pares, Laurent
name: Petit, Pascal
name: Snik, Frans
name: van harten, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: UVMag is a project of a space mission equipped with a high-resolution spectropolarimeter working in the UV and visible range. This M-size mission will be proposed to ESA at its M4 call. The main goal of UVMag is to measure the magnetic fields, winds and environment of all types of stars to reach a better understanding of stellar formation and evolution and of the impact of stellar environment on the surrounding planets. The groundbreaking combination of UV and visible spectropolarimetric observations will allow the scientists to study the stellar surface and its environment simultaneously. The instrumental challenge for this mission is to design a high-resolution space spectropolarimeter measuring the full-Stokes vector of the observed star in a huge spectral domain from 117 nm to 870 nm. This spectral range is the main difficulty because of the dispersion of the optical elements and of birefringence issues in the FUV. As the instrument will be launched into space, the polarimetric module has to be robust and therefore use if possible only static elements. This article presents the different design possibilities for the polarimeter at this point of the project.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, SPIE Conference Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation Montreal June 2014
The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Preeclampsia
Creators: name: Psilopatis, Iason
name: Vrettou, Kleio
name: Fleckenstein, Florian Nima
name: Theocharis, Stamatios
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)
subject: preeclampsia
subject: pregnancy-related
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Preeclampsia is a common pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder. Often presenting as preexisting or new-onset hypertension complicated by proteinuria and/or end-organ dysfunction, preeclampsia significantly correlates with maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptor proteins that regulate gene expression. In order to investigate the role of PPARs in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, we conducted a literature review using the MEDLINE and LIVIVO databases. The search terms "peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor", "PPAR", and "preeclampsia" were employed and we were able to identify 35 relevant studies published between 2002 and 2022. Different study groups reached contradictory conclusions in terms of PPAR expression in preeclamptic placentae. Interestingly, PPAR gamma agonists alone, or in combination with well-established pharmaceutical agents, were determined to represent novel, potent anti-preeclamptic treatment alternatives. In conclusion, PPARs seem to play a significant role in preeclampsia.
Enhancing Sequence-to-Sequence Neural Lemmatization with External Resources
Creators: name: Milintsevich, Kirill
name: Sirts, Kairit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a novel hybrid approach to lemmatization that enhances the seq2seq neural model with additional lemmas extracted from an external lexicon or a rule-based system. During training, the enhanced lemmatizer learns both to generate lemmas via a sequential decoder and copy the lemma characters from the external candidates supplied during run-time. Our lemmatizer enhanced with candidates extracted from the Apertium morphological analyzer achieves statistically significant improvements compared to baseline models not utilizing additional lemma information, achieves an average accuracy of 97.25% on a set of 23 UD languages, which is 0.55% higher than obtained with the Stanford Stanza model on the same set of languages. We also compare with other methods of integrating external data into lemmatization and show that our enhanced system performs considerably better than a simple lexicon extension method based on the Stanza system, and it achieves complementary improvements w.r.t. the data augmentation method.
Defective Cell Cycle Checkpoint Functions in Melanoma Are Associated with Altered Patterns of Gene Expression
Creators: name: Zhou, Yingchun
name: Qu, Pingping
name: Liu, Zhi
name: Shields, Janiel M.
name: Moore, Dominic T.
name: Sharpless, Norman E.
name: Nevis, Kathleen R.
name: Ibrahim, Joseph G.
name: Scott, Glynis A.
name: Zhou, Tong
name: Thomas, Nancy E.
name: Simpson, Dennis A.
name: Helms-Deaton, Jennifer
name: Hao, Honglin
name: Kaufmann, William K.
name: Cordeiro-Stone, Marila
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Defects in DNA damage responses may underlie genetic instability and malignant progression in melanoma. Cultures of normal human melanocytes (NHMs) and melanoma lines were analyzed to determine whether global patterns of gene expression could predict the efficacy of DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints that arrest growth and suppress genetic instability. NHMs displayed effective G1 and G2 checkpoint responses to ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. A majority of melanoma cell lines (11/16) displayed significant quantitative defects in one or both checkpoints. Melanomas with B-RAF mutations as a class displayed a significant defect in DNA damage G2 checkpoint function. In contrast the epithelial-like subtype of melanomas with wild-type N-RAS and B-RAF alleles displayed an effective G2 checkpoint but a significant defect in G1 checkpoint function. RNA expression profiling revealed that melanoma lines with defects in the DNA damage G1 checkpoint displayed reduced expression of p53 transcriptional targets, such as CDKN1A and DDB2, and enhanced expression of proliferation-associated genes, such as CDC7 and GEMININ. A Bayesian analysis tool was more accurate than significance analysis of microarrays for predicting checkpoint function using a leave-one-out method. The results suggest that defects in DNA damage checkpoints may be recognized in melanomas through analysis of gene expression.
Elementary analysis of interferometers for wave-particle duality test and the perspective of going beyond the complementarity principle
Creators: name: Li, Zhi-Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave-particle duality and complementarity principle stand at the conceptual core of quantum theory in its orthodox Copenhagen interpretation. They imply that the wave behavior and particle behavior of quantum objects are mutually exclusive to each other in experimental observation. Here we make a systematic analysis using the elementary methodology of quantum mechanics upon Young`s two-slit interferometer and Mach-Zehnder two-arm interferometer with the focus placed on how to measure the interference pattern (wave nature) and which-way information (particle nature) of quantum objects. We design several schemes to simultaneously acquire the which-way information for an individual quantum object and the high-contrast interference pattern for an ensemble of these quantum objects by placing two sets of measurement instrument that are well separated in space and whose perturbation on each other is negligibly small within the interferometer at the same time. Yet, improper arrangement and cooperation of these two sets of measurement instrument in the interferometer would lead to failure of simultaneous observation of wave and particle behavior. The internal freedoms of quantum object could be harnessed to probe both the which-way information and interference pattern for the center-of-mass motion. That quantum objects can behave beyond the wave-particle duality and complementarity principle would stimulate new conceptual examination and exploration of quantum theory at a deeper level.
description: Revised version, published in Chin. Phys. B. 38 pages, 4 figures
2021 Summary of Instruction Activities at Selected Canadian University Libraries
Creators: Frail, Kim
Sarah Severson
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2022

In 2021 the University of Alberta (UAlberta) Library created a one-year Teaching & Learning (T&L) Strategy Working Group whose goal was to recommend a sustainable framework for a library-wide teaching and learning program that will rationalize and coordinate our teaching and instructional activities. Part of the group's work was to consult externally with other Canadian post-secondary libraries and learn more about what they are doing in this area.

This report is a summary of what we learned and represents the 2021 instruction activities of the Canadian University Libraries we spoke to. The report should be read as a “snapshot in time” and the interviews were not exhaustive; so some information would have been missed and other pieces will have changed since the initial interviews.  It should also be noted that the pandemic shutdowns that started in March 2020 and the subsequent move to online learning radically impacted instructional practices so many institutions, including ours, were in a period of flux.

The goal of this report is to share what we learned in hopes that it helps others that are reviewing their teaching programs and that it might encourage further exploration into Library instruction.
Effect of squeezing on parameter estimation of gravitational waves emitted by compact binary systems
Creators: name: Lynch, Ryan
name: Vitale, Salvatore
name: Barsotti, Lisa
name: Evans, Matthew
name: Dwyer, Sheila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The LIGO gravitational wave (GW) detectors will begin collecting data in 2015, with Virgo following shortly after. The use of squeezing has been proposed as a way to reduce the quantum noise without increasing the laser power, and has been successfully tested at one of the LIGO sites and at GEO in Germany. When used in Advanced LIGO without a filter cavity, the squeezer improves the performances of detectors above about 100 Hz, at the cost of a higher noise floor in the low frequency regime. Frequency-dependent squeezing, on the other hand, will lower the noise floor throughout the entire band. Squeezing technology will have a twofold impact: it will change the number of expected detections and it will impact the quality of parameter estimation for the detected signals. In this work we consider three different GW detector networks, each utilizing a different type of squeezer, all corresponding to plausible implementations. Using LALInference, a powerful Monte Carlo parameter estimation algorithm, we study how each of these networks estimates the parameters of GW signals emitted by compact binary systems, and compare the results with a baseline advanced LIGO-Virgo network. We find that, even in its simplest implementation, squeezing has a large positive impact: the sky error area of detected signals will shrink by about 30% on average, increasing the chances of finding an electromagnetic counterpart to the GW detection. Similarly, we find that the measurability of tidal deformability parameters for neutron stars in binaries increases by about 30%, which could aid in determining the equation of state of neutron stars. The degradation in the measurement of the chirp mass, as a result of the higher low-frequency noise, is shown to be negligible when compared to systematic errors.
Antigen Selection of Anti-DSG1 Autoantibodies During and Before the Onset of Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus
Creators: name: Aoki, Valeria
name: Hans-Filhio, Gunter
name: Rivitti, Evandro A.
name: Qian, Ye
name: Diaz, Luis A.
name: Clarke, Stephen H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Fogo selvagem (FS), the endemic form of pemphigus foliaceus (PF), is characterized by pathogenic anti-desmoglein 1 (Dsg1) autoantibodies. To study the etiology of FS, hybridomas that secrete either IgM or IgG (predominantly IgG1 subclass) autoantibodies were generated from the B cells of eight FS patients and of one individual four years prior to FS onset, and the H and L chain V genes of anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies analyzed. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that these anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies in FS are antigen selected. First, clonally related sets of anti-Dsg1 hybridomas characterize the response in individual FS patients. Second, H and L chain V gene use appears to be biased, particularly among IgG hybridomas, and third, most hybridomas are mutants and exhibit a bias in favor of CDR amino acid replacement (R) mutations. Strikingly, pre-FS hybridomas also exhibit evidence of antigen selection, including an overlap in VH gene use and shared multiple R mutations with anti-Dsg1 FS hybridomas, suggesting selection by the same or a similar antigen. We conclude that the anti-Dsg1 response in FS is antigen driven, and that selection for mutant anti-Dsg1 B cells begins well before the onset of disease.
D.3.3 HiL testing of optimal control and energy dispatching strategy
Creators: name: Stahleder, Daniel
name: Jelic, Marko
name: Freeman, James
name: Zabala, Laura
name: Biosca, Lluis Millet
name: Ryan, Noel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Report on the results from lab testing (HiL - Task 3.3) of the optimal control strategy prior to deployment in pilot sites.
title: Essays on the political economy of preferences for redistribution and deservingness in the age of realignments and new cleavages
Creators: name: Angioni, Giovanni Francesco
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: Amidst the emergence of new cleavages, realignments, and the success of populist and radical right parties across Europe, the pivotal role of preferences for redistribution in defining political conflict has been called into question. My research aims to shed light on the importance of preferences for redistribution in today's European political context considering shifts in the electorate, the trajectories and development of the welfare state, and new party forms and strategies. Specifically, my research is developed along three directions, which combine different perspectives and methods offering a timely and original picture over redistributive politics and political competition. First, I study how candidates for legislative offices represent their voters' preferences for redistribution, analysing congruence levels and determinants across fifteen European countries over a decade. By providing evidence that congruence on redistribution is still significant, the study suggests that parties' seemingly unorthodox positions on redistribution are reflected in mainstream electorates, and that cultural and redistribution issues tend to be interconnected. Second, I study how Italian political parties politicise welfare policies in relation to the deservingness of recipients. In doing so, I capture which target groups are deemed as worthy or unworthy of receiving welfare by political parties by deploying content analysis of their Facebook posts. Findings suggest that parties' messaging about the deservingness of welfare for target groups varies not only depending on their antisystem vis-à-vis mainstream status and ideological leaning, but also on the electoral cycle. Last, I analyse how the mainstream left develops and politicises welfare and redistribution policies. Scholars are currently debating whether the mainstream left has abandoned its traditional focus on redistribution as a result of shifts in its electorate. To study these questions I adopt an elite-interview approach by directly involving the Italian mainstream left's leadership. The paper offers relevant insights into the role of redistribution in shaping party's campaigns, the nature of welfare and redistributive priorities, and the historical evolution of the Italian welfare state.
Development of an IgG4-based Classifier/Predictor of Endemic Pemphigus Foliaceus (Fogo Selvagem)
Creators: name: Diaz, Luis A.
name: Qian, Ye
name: Prisayanh, Phillip
name: Santos, Vandir dos
name: Aoki, Valeria
name: Qaqish, Bahjat F.
name: Li, Ning
name: Andraca, Eugenio
name: Hans-Filho, Gunter
name: Rivitti, Evandro A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Fogo Selvagem (FS) is mediated by pathogenic, predominantly IgG4, anti-Dsg1 autoantibodies and is endemic in Limao Verde (LV), Brazil. IgG and IgG-subclass autoantibodies were tested in a sample of 214 FS patients and 261 healthy controls by Dsg1-ELISA. For model selection, the sample was randomly divided into training (50%), validation (25%) and test (25%) sets. Using the training and validation sets, IgG4 was chosen as the best predictor of FS, with index values above 6.43 classified as FS. Using the test set, IgG4 has sensitivity 92% (95% CI: 82−95%), specificity 97% (95% CI: 89−100%) and area under the curve 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94−1.00). The IgG4 positive predictive value (PPV) in LV (3% FS prevalence) was 49%. The sensitivity, specificity and PPV of IgG anti-Dsg1 were 87%, 91% and 23%, respectively. The IgG4-based classifier was validated by testing 11 FS patients before and after clinical disease and 60 Japanese pemphigus patients. It classified 21/96 normal individuals from a LV cohort as having FS serology. Based on its PPV, half of the 21 individuals may currently have preclinical FS and could develop clinical disease in the future. Identifying individuals during preclinical FS will enhance our ability to identify etiological agent(s) triggering FS.
Work and heat distributions for a Brownian particle subjected to an oscillatory drive
Creators: name: Saha, Bappa
name: Mukherji, Sutapa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the Onsager-Machlup functional integral approach, we obtain the work distribution function and the distribution of the dissipated heat of a Brownian particle subjected to a confining harmonic potential and an oscillatory driving force. In the long time limit, the width of the work distribution function initially increases with the frequency of the driving force and finally saturates to a fixed value for large values of the angular frequency. Using the results from the work distribution part, we next obtain the distribution of the dissipated heat for the equilibrium initial condition. Using the method of steepest descent, we obtain a Gaussian distribution for small fluctuations in the large time limit. The distribution function, for a fixed time has been obtained numerically. It is shown that the heat distribution, in general, does not satisfy the transient fluctuation theorem.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures; corrected typos
Classically Verifiable NIZK for QMA with Preprocessing
Creators: name: Morimae, Tomoyuki
name: Yamakawa, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose three constructions of classically verifiable non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs and arguments (CV-NIZK) for QMA in various preprocessing models. - We construct a CV-NIZK for QMA in the quantum secret parameter model where a trusted setup sends a quantum proving key to the prover and a classical verification key to the verifier. It is information theoretically sound and zero-knowledge. - Assuming the quantum hardness of the learning with errors problem, we construct a CV-NIZK for QMA in a model where a trusted party generates a CRS and the verifier sends an instance-independent quantum message to the prover as preprocessing. This model is the same as one considered in the recent work by Coladangelo, Vidick, and Zhang (CRYPTO '20). Our construction has the so-called dual-mode property, which means that there are two computationally indistinguishable modes of generating CRS, and we have information theoretical soundness in one mode and information theoretical zero-knowledge property in the other. This answers an open problem left by Coladangelo et al, which is to achieve either of soundness or zero-knowledge information theoretically. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first dual-mode NIZK for QMA in any kind of model. - We construct a CV-NIZK for QMA with quantum preprocessing in the quantum random oracle model. This quantum preprocessing is the one where the verifier sends a random Pauli-basis states to the prover. Our construction uses the Fiat-Shamir transformation. The quantum preprocessing can be replaced with the setup that distributes Bell pairs among the prover and the verifier, and therefore we solve the open problem by Broadbent and Grilo (FOCS '20) about the possibility of NIZK for QMA in the shared Bell pair model via the Fiat-Shamir transformation.
description: 46 pages This is a major update version of arXiv:2003.10712. A new result, NIZK via Fiat-Shamir, is added. (Sec.5)
Evaluation of the Clonal Origin of Multiple Primary Melanomas Using Molecular Profiling
Creators: name: Mujumdar, Urvi
name: Tommasi, Diana V.
name: Scolyer, Richard A.
name: Busam, Klaus J.
name: Bloom, Bradley
name: Jungbluth, Achim A.
name: Berwick, Marianne
name: Orlow, Irene
name: Armstrong, Bruce K.
name: Cotignola, Javier
name: Thompson, John F.
name: Begg, Colin B.
name: Ostrovnaya, Irina
name: Thomas, Nancy E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Numerous investigations have been conducted using molecular profiling to evaluate the possible clonal origin of second malignancies in various cancer types. However, to date no study assessing clonality of multiple primaries has been conducted in melanoma. In this investigation using patients treated at a specialist melanoma treatment center, we compared the somatic mutational profiles of pairs of melanomas designated as independent on the basis of thorough assessment of their clinical and pathologic characteristics. We used a set of highly polymorphic genetic markers selected on the basis of their chromosomal positions and the frequencies of reported allelic losses at these genetic loci. Our statistical testing strategy showed no significant evidence of clonal origin of the two primaries in 17 of the 19 patients examined. The results suggest that most second melanomas designated as independent primary tumors on the basis of their clinicopathologic features are indeed independent occurrences of the disease, supporting the validity of the criteria used by experienced pathologists in distinguishing new primaries from metastases.
Geometric approach to vibrational control of singularly perturbed systems
Creators: name: Schneider, Klaus R.
name: Fridman, Emilia
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: vibrational
subject: stabilization
subject: singularly perturbed systems
subject: normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds
subject: averaging
subject: 34D05
subject: 34H05
subject: 93C15
subject: 93C70

description: We extend the theory of vibrational stabilizability to systems with fast and slow variables. The mathematical tools for establishing corresponding results are the persistence theory of normally hyperbolic invariant manifolds, the averaging theory and appropriate transformations. At the same time we introduce modified concepts of vibrational stabilizability compared with the 'classical' definitions.
Pairs of matrices in $GL_2(\mathbf{R}_{\geq 0})$ that freely generate
Creators: name: Nathanson, Melvyn B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11C20, 20H25, 20K15

description: An elementary proof that certain pairs of $2\times 2$ matrices with nonnegative real coordinates generate free monoids.
description: Minor revisions; 3 pages
title: Didattica Innovativa Nei Centri Linguistici Italiani Tra Nuove Tecnologie e Ascolto
Creators: name: Fazio, Alessandra
name: Bonvino, Elisabetta
name: Menghini, Michela
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2022

description: Il volume intende illustrare lo stato dell’arte relativo alla ricerca condotta presso i centri linguistici di ateneo (CLA) sullo sviluppo delle abilità di ascolto dedicando particolare attenzione all’uso della tecnologia nell’insegnamento delle lingue straniere. I CLA sono centri di servizio, ricerca e innovazione tecnologica che si occupano di formazione e valutazione delle competenze linguistiche degli studenti universitari e di utenti esterni nel territorio. Forniscono pertanto un contributo fondamentale all’internazionalizzazione delle Università e alla costruzione delle competenze per l’ingresso degli studenti nel mondo del lavoro. Il presente volume presenta una didattica delle lingue innovativa, immersiva e flessibile, in particolare per lo sviluppo dell’abilità di ascolto; mette in evidenza i cambiamenti metodologici imposti dalle recenti esigenze emerse in seguito al periodo pandemico e al conseguente e significativo utilizzo massivo di nuovi strumenti tecnologici.
Miozäne Extensionsbecken im Albvorsprung südlich und südöstlich der Donau – Regensburg-Süd bis Bad Abbach (Baugrund-Untersuchungen)
Creators: name: Stückl, Erich
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 550
subject: Miozäne Dehnungsbecken
subject: Tertiär
subject: Regensburg-Süd
subject: Bad Abbach
subject: FID-GEO-DE-7

description: Im Albvorsprung südlich Regensburg liegen zwischen Störungen der mesozoischen Schichttafel schmale Becken. Während deren Bildung setzte sich ein klastischer Sedimentkomplex in den expandierenden Becken ab, der in das obere Untermiozän-untere Mittelmiozän gestellt wird und in konkav aufgebogener Lagerungsform vorliegt. Die Diskordanz an der Basis der überlagernden Sand- und Geröllschichten wird dem Mittelmiozän zugerechnet und zeigt den Abschluß der tektonischen Beckenbildung. Es wird angenommen, dass die Verbiegung des nach 150° tauchenden, älteren Hemauer Sattels ein Spannungsfeld verursachte und damit senkrecht zu dessen Achse orientierte Dehnungsbrüche und ein konjugiertes Scherkluftsystem erzeugte. Dadurch kam es vermutlich zu den extensionalen Beckenbildungen, deren Längsachsen an den Maxima der Kluftrichtungen und Bruchflächen orientiert waren. Dieses System wurde von der in Mitteleuropa heute ~140° streichenden horizontalen Schubspannung (Prinz & Strauss 2018) überlagert. Darüber hinaus können beide von Peterek et al. (1997) über Paläostress-Analysen für den Zeitraum des (beginnenden) Neogens dargestellten Extensionsregimes zur Erklärung der tektonischen Beckenbildungen im hier untersuchten Gebiet beitragen. Die Ergebnisse stellen Grundlagen für Baugrunduntersuchungen im Bereich Regensburg-Süd und Bad Abbach dar.
Dark Stars: Improved Models and First Pulsation Results
Creators: name: Rindler-Daller, Tanja
name: Montgomery, Michael H.
name: Freese, Katherine
name: Winget, Donald E.
name: Paxton, Bill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the stellar evolution code MESA to study dark stars. Dark stars (DSs), which are powered by dark matter (DM) self-annihilation rather than by nuclear fusion, may be the first stars to form in the Universe. We compute stellar models for accreting DSs with masses up to 10^6 M_{sun}. The heating due to DM annihilation is self-consistently included, assuming extended adiabatic contraction of DM within the minihalos in which DSs form. We find remarkably good overall agreement with previous models, which assumed polytropic interiors. There are some differences in the details, with positive implications for observability. We found that, in the mass range of 10^4 -10^5 M_{sun}, our DSs are hotter by a factor of 1.5 than those in Freese et al.(2010), are smaller in radius by a factor of 0.6, denser by a factor of 3 - 4, and more luminous by a factor of 2. Our models also confirm previous results, according to which supermassive DSs are very well approximated by (n=3)-polytropes. We also perform a first study of dark star pulsations. Our DS models have pulsation modes with timescales ranging from less than a day to more than two years in their rest frames, at z ~ 15, depending on DM particle mass and overtone number. Such pulsations may someday be used to identify bright, cool objects uniquely as DSs; if properly calibrated, they might, in principle, also supply novel standard candles for cosmological studies.
description: 17 pages; 11 figures; revised version; accepted by ApJ
Data Augmentation with Hierarchical SQL-to-Question Generation for Cross-domain Text-to-SQL Parsing
Creators: name: Wu, Kun
name: Wang, Lijie
name: Li, Zhenghua
name: Zhang, Ao
name: Xiao, Xinyan
name: Wu, Hua
name: Zhang, Min
name: Wang, Haifeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Data augmentation has attracted a lot of research attention in the deep learning era for its ability in alleviating data sparseness. The lack of labeled data for unseen evaluation databases is exactly the major challenge for cross-domain text-to-SQL parsing. Previous works either require human intervention to guarantee the quality of generated data, or fail to handle complex SQL queries. This paper presents a simple yet effective data augmentation framework. First, given a database, we automatically produce a large number of SQL queries based on an abstract syntax tree grammar. For better distribution matching, we require that at least 80% of SQL patterns in the training data are covered by generated queries. Second, we propose a hierarchical SQL-to-question generation model to obtain high-quality natural language questions, which is the major contribution of this work. Finally, we design a simple sampling strategy that can greatly improve training efficiency given large amounts of generated data. Experiments on three cross-domain datasets, i.e., WikiSQL and Spider in English, and DuSQL in Chinese, show that our proposed data augmentation framework can consistently improve performance over strong baselines, and the hierarchical generation component is the key for the improvement.
Reliability and Convergent Validity of Two Outcome Instruments for Pemphigus
Creators: name: Taylor, Lynne
name: Korman, Neil J.
name: Vittorio, Carmela
name: Lin, Julie
name: Murrell, Dedee F.
name: Rubenstein, David
name: Fakharzadeh, Steve
name: Okawa, Joyce
name: Dulay, Sam
name: Rosenbach, Misha
name: Troxel, Andrea B.
name: Rose, Mathew
name: Werth, Victoria P.
name: Payne, Aimee S.
name: Hall, Russell
name: Williams, Erik A.
name: Werth, Benjamin B.
name: Woodley, David
name: Pandya, Amit G.
name: Bystryn, Jean-Claude
name: Dick, Sarah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: A major obstacle in performing multicenter controlled trials for pemphigus is the lack of a validated disease activity scoring system. Here we assess the reliability and convergent validity of the PDAI (pemphigus disease area index). A group of 10 dermatologists scored 15 patients with pemphigus to estimate the inter- and intra-rater reliability of the PDAI and the recently described ABSIS (autoimmune bullous skin disorder intensity score) instrument. To assess convergent validity, these tools were also correlated with the Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA). Reliability studies demonstrated an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) for inter-rater reliability of 0.76 [95% CI = 0.61–0.91] for the PDAI and 0.77 [0.63–0.91] for the ABSIS. The tools differed most in reliability of assessing skin activity, with an ICC of 0.39 [0.17–0.60] for the ABSIS and 0.86 [0.76–0.95] for the PDAI. Intra-rater test-retest reliability demonstrated an ICC of 0.98 [0.96–1.0] for the PDAI and 0.80 [0.65–0.96] for the ABSIS. The PDAI also correlated more closely with the PGA. We conclude that the PDAI is more reproducible and correlates better with physician impression of extent. Subset analysis suggests that for this population of mild to moderate disease activity, the PDAI captures more variability in cutaneous disease than the ABSIS.