cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantum phase transition in space in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
Creators: name: Damski, Bogdan
name: Zurek, Wojciech H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A quantum phase transition between the symmetric (polar) phase and the phase with broken symmetry can be induced in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate in space (rather than in time). We consider such a phase transition and show that the transition region in the vicinity of the critical point exhibits scalings that reflect a compromise between the rate at which the transition is imposed (i.e., the gradient of the control parameter) and the scaling of the divergent healing length in the critical region. Our results suggest a method for the direct measurement of the scaling exponent nu.
description: 8 pages & 2 figures, to appear in NJP, lots of tiny improvements, more references, explicit derivation of the divergent healing length, same as before conclusions
Split invariant curves in rotating bar potentials
Creators: name: Xia, Tian-Ye
name: Shen, Juntai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Invariant curves are generally closed curves in the Poincare's surface of section. Here we study an interesting dynamical phenomenon, first discovered by Binney et al. (1985) in a rotating Kepler potential, where an invariant curve of the surface of section can split into two disconnected line segments under certain conditions, which is distinctively different from the islands of resonant orbits. We first demonstrate the existence of split invariant curves in the Freeman bar model, where all orbits can be described analytically. We find that the split phenomenon occurs when orbits are nearly tangent to the minor/major axis of the bar potential. Moreover, the split phenomenon seems necessary to avoid invariant curves intersecting with each other. Such a phenomenon appears only in rotating potentials, and we demonstrate its universal existence in other general rotating bar potentials. It also implies that actions are no longer proportional to the area bounded by an invariant curve if the split occurs, but they can still be computed by other means.
description: Accepted to publish on ApJ. 8 pages, 6 figures. The animated version of Figure 1 is at this link: http://astro.sjtu.edu.cn/~jtshen/split_ic/3Dps.mp4
Tríptico del taller en la Noche Europea de l@s Investigador@s: "Prevención del riesgo de caídas mediante nuevas tecnologías low cost en el adulto mayor"
Creators: name: Luque Moreno, Carlos
name: Gil Centeno, Antonio
name: Cano Bravo, Fátima
name: Escobio Prieto, Isabel
name: Piñero Pinto, Elena
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This triptych was prepared to present our activity "Prevention of falls through new low-cost technologies in the elderly" at the European Researchers' Night, in Seville.
Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) I: Program Overview and Highlights
Creators: name: Oberg, Karin I.
name: Guzman, Viviana V.
name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Aikawa, Yuri
name: Bergin, Edwin A.
name: Law, Charles J.
name: Loomis, Ryan A.
name: Alarcon, Felipe
name: Andrews, Sean M.
name: Bae, Jaehan
name: Bergner, Jennifer B.
name: Boehler, Yann
name: Booth, Alice S.
name: Bosman, Arthur D.
name: Calahan, Jenny K.
name: Cataldi, Gianni
name: Cleeves, L. Ilsedore
name: Czekala, Ian
name: Furuya, Kenji
name: Huang, Jane
name: Ilee, John D.
name: Kurtovic, Nicolas T.
name: Gal, Romane Le
name: Liu, Yao
name: Long, Feng
name: Menard, Francois
name: Nomura, Hideko
name: Perez, Laura M.
name: Qi, Chunhua
name: Schwarz, Kamber R.
name: Sierra, Anibal
name: Teague, Richard
name: Tsukagoshi, Takashi
name: Yamato, Yoshihide
name: Hoff, Merel L. R. van 't
name: Waggoner, Abygail R.
name: Wilner, David J.
name: Zhang, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planets form and obtain their compositions in dust and gas-rich disks around young stars, and the outcome of this process is intimately linked to the disk chemical properties. The distributions of molecules across disks regulate the elemental compositions of planets, including C/N/O/S ratios and metallicity (O/H and C/H), as well as access to water and prebiotically relevant organics. Emission from molecules also encodes information on disk ionization levels, temperature structures, kinematics, and gas surface densities, which are all key ingredients of disk evolution and planet formation models. The Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) ALMA Large Program was designed to expand our understanding of the chemistry of planet formation by exploring disk chemical structures down to 10 au scales. The MAPS program focuses on five disks - around IM Lup, GM Aur, AS 209, HD 163296, and MWC 480 - in which dust substructures are detected and planet formation appears to be ongoing. We observed these disks in 4 spectral setups, which together cover ~50 lines from over 20 different species. This paper introduces the ApJS MAPS Special Issue by presenting an overview of the program motivation, disk sample, observational details, and calibration strategy. We also highlight key results, including discoveries of links between dust, gas, and chemical sub-structures, large reservoirs of nitriles and other organics in the inner disk regions, and elevated C/O ratios across most disks. We discuss how this collection of results is reshaping our view of the chemistry of planet formation.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJS MAPS Special Issue. v2 has updated MAPS references and a correction to Fig. 3
Seizure Classification of EEG based on Wavelet Signal Denoising Using a Novel Channel Selection Algorithm
Creators: name: McCallan, Niamh
name: Davidson, Scot
name: Ng, Kok Yew
name: Biglarbeigi, Pardis
name: Finlay, Dewar
name: Lan, Boon Leong
name: McLaughlin, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Epilepsy is a disorder of the nervous system that can affect people of any age group. With roughly 50 million people worldwide diagnosed with the disorder, it is one of the most common neurological disorders. The EEG is an indispensable tool for diagnosis of epileptic seizures in an ideal case, as brain waves from an epileptic person will present distinct abnormalities. However, in real world situations there will often be biological and electrical noise interference, as well as the issue of a multichannel signal, which introduce a great challenge for seizure detection. For this study, the Temple University Hospital (TUH) EEG Seizure Corpus dataset was used. This paper proposes a novel channel selection method which isolates different frequency ranges within five channels. This is based upon the frequencies at which normal brain waveforms exhibit. A one second window was selected, with a 0.5 second overlap. Wavelet signal denoising was performed using Daubechies 4 wavelet decomposition, thresholding was applied using minimax soft thresholding criteria. Filter banking was used to localise frequency ranges from five specific channels. Statistical features were then derived from the outputs. After performing bagged tree classification using 500 learners, a test accuracy of 0.82 was achieved.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication at the 13th Asia Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA ASC)
New Young Brown Dwarfs in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 Region
Creators: name: Peterson, Dawn E.
name: Megeath, S. T.
name: Luhman, K. L.
name: Pipher, J. L.
name: Stauffer, J. R.
name: Navascues, D. Barrado y
name: Wilson, J. C.
name: Skrutskie, M. F.
name: Nelson, M. J.
name: Smith, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Forty new low mass members with spectral types ranging from M4-M9 have been confirmed in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2/3 region. Through deep, I, z', J, H, K photometry of a 20' x 20' field in OMC 2/3, we selected brown dwarf candidates for follow-up spectroscopy. Low resolution far-red and near-infrared spectra were obtained for the candidates, and 19 young brown dwarfs in the OMC 2/3 region are confirmed. They exhibit spectral types of M6.5-M9, corresponding to approximate masses of 0.075-0.015 M_solar using the evolutionary models of Baraffe et al. (1998). At least one of these bona fide young brown dwarfs has strong Halpha emission, indicating that it is actively accreting. In addition, we confirm 21 new low mass members with spectral types of M4-M6, corresponding to approximate masses of 0.35-0.10 M_solar in OMC 2/3. By comparing pre-main sequence tracks to the positions of the members in the H-R diagram, we find that most of the brown dwarfs are less than 1 Myr, but find a number of low mass stars with inferred ages greater than 3 Myr. The discrepancy in the stellar and substellar ages is due to our selection of only low luminosity sources; however, the presence of such objects implies the presence of an age spread in the OMC 2/3 region. We discuss possible reasons for this apparent age spread.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 52 pages, 17 figures, 4 tables; main body: 23 pages
The VEGF-Hypoxia Signature Is Upregulated in Basal-like Breast Tumors from Women of African Ancestry and Associated with Poor Outcomes in Breast Cancer.
Creators: name: Perou, Charles M
name: Ajani, Mustapha
name: Khramtsova, Galina
name: Hurley, Ian W
name: Zheng, Yonglan
name: Clayton, Wendy
name: Mueller, Jeffrey
name: Sanni, Ayodele
name: Hardeman, Ashley
name: Han, Yoo Jane
name: Yoshimatsu, Toshio F
name: Parker, Joel
name: Liu, Siyao
name: Olopade, Olufunmilayo I
name: Rajagopal, Padma Sheila
Publisher: name: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
Year: 2024

description: PURPOSE: Black women experience the highest breast cancer mortality rate compared with women of other racial/ethnic groups. To gain a deeper understanding of breast cancer heterogeneity across diverse populations, we examined a VEGF-hypoxia gene expression signature in breast tumors from women of diverse ancestry.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We developed a NanoString nCounter gene expression panel and applied it to breast tumors from Nigeria (n = 182) and the University of Chicago (Chicago, IL; n = 161). We also analyzed RNA sequencing data from Nigeria (n = 84) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets (n = 863). Patient prognosis was analyzed using multiple datasets.
RESULTS: The VEGF-hypoxia signature was highest in the basal-like subtype compared with other subtypes, with greater expression in Black women compared with White women. In TCGA dataset, necrotic breast tumors had higher scores for the VEGF-hypoxia signature compared with non-necrosis tumors (P < 0.001), with the highest proportion in the basal-like subtype. Furthermore, necrotic breast tumors have higher scores for the proliferation signature, suggesting an interaction between the VEGF-hypoxia signature, proliferation, and necrosis. T-cell gene expression signatures also correlated with the VEGF-hypoxia signature when testing all tumors in TCGA dataset. Finally, we found a significant association of the VEGF-hypoxia profile with poor outcomes when using all patients in the METABRIC (P < 0.0001) and SCAN-B datasets (P = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS: These data provide further evidence for breast cancer heterogeneity across diverse populations and molecular subtypes. Interventions selectively targeting VEGF-hypoxia and the immune microenvironment have the potential to improve overall survival in aggressive breast cancers that disproportionately impact Black women in the African Diaspora.
Can answers to General Practitioners' medical information queries be found by searching the internet? A case study approach
Creators: name: Curtis, Esther
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The generalist nature of general practice creates intense information demands, as general practitioners need the full range of updated medical knowledge within easy reach in order to deliver effective health care to their patients. Current trends in health care, in particular the current emphasis on evidence based medicine, have further increased the information needs of GPs. Studies exploring GPs' information needs have shown that there are severe deficiencies in GPs' access to information. Often they do not use the most current printed sources, they can not keep up to date with developments in medicine and GPs themselves acknowledge that they can not access the information they need. [Continues.]
Detection of LIGO-Virgo binary black holes in the pair-instability mass gap
Creators: name: O'Brien, Brendan
name: Szczepanczyk, Marek
name: Gayathri, V.
name: Bartos, Imre
name: Vedovato, Gabriele
name: Prodi, Giovanni
name: Mitselmakher, Guenakh
name: Klimenko, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By probing the population of binary black hole (BBH) mergers detected by LIGO-Virgo, we can infer properties about the underlying black hole formation channels. A mechanism known as pair-instability (PI) supernova is expected to prevent the formation of black holes from stellar collapse with mass greater than $\sim 40-65\,M_\odot$ and less than $\sim 120\,M_\odot$. Any BBH merger detected by LIGO-Virgo with a component black hole in this gap, known as the PI mass gap, likely originated from an alternative formation channel. Here, we firmly establish GW190521 as an outlier to the stellar-mass BBH population if the PI mass gap begins at or below $65\, M_{\odot}$. In addition, for a PI lower boundary of $40-50\, M_{\odot}$, we find it unlikely that the remaining distribution of detected BBH events, excluding GW190521, is consistent with the stellar-mass population.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
International Consumer Preferences: Evidence Finder
Creators: name: McAleer, Annabel
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3506
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This interactive table provides evidence for the range of premiums that New Zealand export customers are willing to pay for attributes such as organic certification.
It includes international consumer preferences studies that explore the range of premiums that export customers are willing to pay for attributes such as organic certification, where they can be searched by region, country, sector, product, and credence attribute. It includes academic literature published up to 2022. It includes all studies mentioned in Appendix A, The Matrix of Drivers: 2022 Update.
La droite de Berkovich sur Z
Creators: name: Poineau, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G22, 14G25 (Primary), 30B10, 13E05, 12F12 (Secondary)

description: We study here the Berkovich line over the ring of integers of a number field. It is a natural object which contains complex and non-Archimedean analytic spaces associated to each place. We prove that this line satisfies good topological and algebraic properties and exhibit a few examples of Stein spaces that lie in it. We derive applications to the study of convergent arithmetic power series: choice of zeroes and poles, noetherianity of global rings and inverse Galois problem. Typical examples of such power series are given by analytic functions on the open complex unit disk whose Taylor development in 0 has integer coefficients.
description: 379 pages, in French
Script: Best Days of Our Lives
Creators: name: Newall, Helen
Publisher: name: Edge Hill University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 190402 Creative Writing (incl. Playwriting)
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 190404 Drama, Theatre and Performance Studies
subject: 190499 Performing Arts and Creative Writing not elsewhere classified

description: Best Days of our Lives was a highly ambitious and successful spectacle which celebrated the lives of past and present pupils who have grown up and gone to school in Blacon, Chester. Commissioned by Dave Williams, Head Teacher of Dee Point Primary and Chair of The Collaborative Educational Group, Blacon, the piece was inspired by the stories of many people of all ages who were interviewed, and the archives held in each school. The book and lyrics were written by Helen Newall with music composed by Matt Baker, and was directed by Matt Baker, with choreography by led by Julia Williams, Homegrown Dance Theatre.
The piece involved over 300 children from all 6 schools in Blacon; a community chorus of 60 people; a band of 6 musicians; and 3 professional actors, Francis Tucker, Rachael Rae and Judy Jones.
Digital Scenography for the production was created by Andy Davies and DeeVideo and featured many people from Blacon as well as arial shots of the neighbourhood. Best Days of Our Lives enjoyed three sell out shows in Chester Cathedral.
Relentless multi-wavelength variability of Mrk 421 and Mrk 501
Creators: name: Sliusar, Vitalii
name: Arbet-Engels, Axel
name: Baack, Dominik
name: Balbo, Matteo
name: Biland, Adrian
name: Bretz, Thomas
name: Buss, Jens
name: Dorner, Daniela
name: Eisenberger, Laura
name: Elsaesser, Dominik
name: Hildebrand, Dorothee
name: Iotov, Roman
name: Kalenski, Adelina
name: Mannheim, Karl
name: Mitchell, Alison
name: Neise, Dominik
name: Noethe, Maximilian
name: Paravac, Aleksander
name: Rhode, Wolfgang
name: Schleicher, Bernd
name: Walter, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mrk 421 and Mrk 501 are two close, bright and well-studied high-synchrotron-peaked blazars, which feature bright and persistent GeV and TeV emission. We use the longest and densest dataset of unbiased observations of these two sources, obtained at TeV and GeV energies during five years with FACT and Fermi-LAT. To characterize the variability and derive constraints on the emission mechanism, we augment the dataset with contemporaneous multi-wavelength observations from radio to X-rays. We correlate the light curves, identify individual flares in TeV energies and X-rays, and look for inter-band connections, which are expected from the shock propagations within the jet. For Mrk 421, we find that the X-rays and TeV energies are well correlated with close to zero lag, supporting the SSC emission scenario. The timing between the TeV, X-ray flares in Mrk 421 is consistent with periods expected in the case of Lense-Thirring precession of the accretion disc. The variability of Mrk 501 on long-term periods is also consistent with SSC, with a sub-day lag between X-rays and TeV energies. Fractional variability for both blazars shows a two bump structure with the highest variability in the X-ray and TeV bands.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures
Identification of a Marginal Fermi-Liquid in Itinerant Ferromagnet CoS2
Creators: name: Otero-Leal, M.
name: Rivadulla, F.
name: Garcia-Hernandez, M.
name: Pineiro, A.
name: Pardo, V.
name: Baldomir, D.
name: Rivas, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report specific heat, resistivity and susceptibility measurements at different temperatures, magnetic fields, and pressures to provide solid evidence of CoS2 being a marginal Fermi liquid. The presence of a tricritical point in the phase diagram of the system provides an opportunity to test the spin fluctuation theory with a high limit of accuracy. A magnetic field suppresses the amplitude of the spin fluctuations and recovers conventional Fermi liquid behavior, connecting both states continuously.
Unital Quantum Channels - Convex Structure and Revivals of Birkhoff's Theorem
Creators: name: Mendl, Christian B.
name: Wolf, Michael M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The set of doubly-stochastic quantum channels and its subset of mixtures of unitaries are investigated. We provide a detailed analysis of their structure together with computable criteria for the separation of the two sets. When applied to O(d)-covariant channels this leads to a complete characterization and reveals a remarkable feature: instances of channels which are not in the convex hull of unitaries can return to it when either taking finitely many copies of them or supplementing with a completely depolarizing channel. In these scenarios this implies that a channel whose noise initially resists any environment-assisted attempt of correction can become perfectly correctable.
description: 31 pages
School-Based Health Care and Absenteeism: Evidence from Telemedicine
Creators: name: Komisarow, Sarah
name: Hemelt, Steven W.
Publisher: name: MIT Press
Year: 2024

description: Abstract The prevalence of school-based health care has increased markedly over the past decade. We study a modern mode of school-based health care, telemedicine, that offers the potential to reach places and populations with historically low access to such care. School-based telemedicine clinics (SBTCs) provide students with access to health care during the regular school day through private videoconferencing with a health care provider. We exploit variation over time in SBTC openings across schools in three rural districts in North Carolina. We find that school-level SBTC access reduces the likelihood that a student is chronically absent by 2.5 percentage points (29 percent) and reduces the number of days absent by about 0.8 days (10 percent). Relatedly, access to an SBTC increases the likelihood of math and reading test-taking by between 1.8 and 2.0 percentage points (about 2 percent). Heterogeneity analyses suggest that these effects are driven by male students. Finally, we see suggestive evidence that SBTC access reduces violent or weapons-related disciplinary infractions among students but has little influence on other forms of misbehavior.
Complexity and white-dwarf structure
Creators: name: Sanudo, J.
name: Pacheco, A. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From the low-mass non-relativistic case to the relativistic limit, the density profile of a white dwarf is used to evaluate the complexity measure. Similarly to the recently reported atomic case where, by averaging shell effects, complexity grows with the atomic number, here complexity grows as a function of the star mass reaching a maximum finite value in the Chandrasekhar limit.
description: 9 pages and 4 figures
Suburban evapotranspiration estimates in Vancouver from energy balance measurements
Creators: name: Kalanda, Brian Douglas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study is concerned with the energy balance of a suburban area of south central Vancouver and in particular with the role of evapotranspiration in this balance. In the late summer - early fall of 1977 a measurement program was conducted to determine the energy balance components using the Bowen ratio - energy balance approach. The Bowen ratio was obtained from differential psychrometric measurements taken above mean roof-level. Net radiation was measured directly and the volumetric heat storage was parameterized in terms of net radiation. The results indicate that the Bowen ratio - energy balance approach is applicable to suburban environments. An error analysis developed for the reversing psychrometer system indicates that the errors in the turbulent fluxes were typically 10 - 20%. The turbulent latent heat flux was always a significant and often the dominant energy sink for this 'surface'. This is shown to be largely due to soil moisture replenishment by precipitation and irrigation (especially lawn sprinkling). The turbulent fluxes tended to be in-phase with net radiation during the day. This appears to be a result of the decreasing importance of non-radiative controls (especially the vapour pressure deficit) on evapotranspiration as the land use changes from rural to heavily urbanized. Sustained periods of positive turbulent fluxes were recorded at night, however the Bowen ratio was predominantly negative indicating that only one turbulent flux was positive. The data do not reveal any dependence on wind direction. The influence (if any) of the sea breeze could not be isolated. The equilibrium evapotranspiration rate often closely approximated the measured evapotranspiration.
Fermions in Loop Quantum Cosmology and the Role of Parity
Creators: name: Bojowald, Martin
name: Das, Rupam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fermions play a special role in homogeneous models of quantum cosmology because the exclusion principle prevents them from forming sizable matter contributions. They can thus describe the matter ingredients only truly microscopically and it is not possible to avoid strong quantum regimes by positing a large matter content. Moreover, possible parity violating effects are important especially in loop quantum cosmology whose basic object is a difference equation for the wave function of the universe defined on a discrete space of triads. The two orientations of a triad are interchanged by a parity transformation, which leaves the difference equation invariant for ordinary matter. Here, we revisit and extend loop quantum cosmology by introducing fermions and the gravitational torsion they imply, which renders the parity issue non-trivial. A treatable locally rotationally symmetric Bianchi model is introduced which clearly shows the role of parity. General wave functions cannot be parity-even or odd, and parity violating effects in matter influence the microscopic big bang transition which replaces the classical singularity in loop quantum cosmology.
description: 17 pages
A Simple Model for Solar Isorotational Contours
Creators: name: Balbus, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The solar convective zone, or SCZ, is nearly adiabatic and marginally convectively unstable. But the SCZ is also in a state of differential rotation, and its dynamical stability properties are those of a weakly magnetized gas. This renders it far more prone to rapidly growing rotational baroclinic instabilities than a hydrodynamical system would be. These instabilities should be treated on the same footing as convective instabilites. If isentropic and isorotational surfaces coincide in the SCZ, the gas is marginally (un)stable to {\em both} convective and rotational disturbances. This is a plausible resolution for the instabilities associated with these more general rotating convective systems. This motivates an analysis of the thermal wind equation in which isentropes and isorotational surfaces are identical. The characteristics of this partial differential equation correspond to isorotation contours, and their form may be deduced even without precise knowledge of how the entropy and rotation are functionally related. Although the exact solution of the global SCZ problem in principle requires this knowledge, even the simplest models produce striking results in broad agreement with helioseismology data. This includes horizontal (i.e. quasi-spherical) isorotational contours at the poles, axial contours at the equator, and approximately radial contours at midlatitudes. The theory does not apply directly to the tachocline, where a simple thermal wind balance is not expected to be valid. The work presented here is subject to tests of self-consistency, among them the prediction that there should be good agreement between isentropes and isorotational contours in sufficiently well-resolved large scale numerical MHD simulations.
description: Final version: 21 pages, 4 figures, to appear in MNRAS; thorough revision, typos and minor errors corrected, expanded development and reordering of the material. Conclusions unchanged from original
Public library provision for the physically disabled and disadvantaged in the East Midlands
Creators: name: Eldridge, Audrey E.
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Public library provision for the physically disabled and disadvantaged in the East Midlands
Lensed Image Angles: New Statistical Evidence for Substructure
Creators: name: Williams, Liliya L. R.
name: Foley, Patrick
name: Farnsworth, Damon
name: Belter, Jason
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a novel statistical way of analyzing the projected mass distribution in galaxy lenses based solely on the angular distribution of images in quads around the lens center. The method requires the knowledge of the lens center location, but the images' distances from the lens center are not used at all. If the images of a quad are numbered in order of arrival time, θ_1 through θ_4, and θ_{ij} is the angle between images i and j, then we define the 'bisector' plane whose axes are linear combinations of θ_{23} and θ_{14}. The bisector plane of a given lens contains all the quads produced by the lens. We show empirically that all two-fold symmetric lenses with convex, i.e. non-wavy or petal-like isodensity contours are identical in the bisector plane of their quads. We also study lenses with twisting isodensity contours, lumpy substructure, etc. Our results suggest that to reproduce the general characteristics of the observed quad population, kpc-scale substructure must be a common feature of galaxy lenses.
description: 30 pg, incl. 12 figs; accepted to ApJ; PDF with full resolution figures available at http://webusers.astro.umn.edu/~llrw/anglespaper.pdf
title: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization, External Reviewers
Creators: name: Lal, Akash
name: Akshay, S.
name: Saurabh, Saket
name: Sen, Sandeep
Publisher: name: Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Front Matter
subject: Table of Contents
subject: Preface
subject: Conference Organization
subject: External Reviewers

description: Front Matter, Table of Contents, Preface, Conference Organization, External Reviewers
description: LIPIcs, Vol. 65, 36th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2016), pages 0:i-0:xiv
Nonperturbative infrared fixed point in sextet QCD
Creators: name: Svetitsky, Benjamin
name: Shamir, Yigal
name: DeGrand, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SU(3) gauge theory with fermions in the sextet representation is one of several theories of interest for technicolor models. We have carried out a Schrodinger functional (SF) calculation for the lattice theory with two flavors of Wilson fermions. We find that the discrete beta function changes sign when the SF renormalized coupling is in the neighborhood of g^2 = 2.0, showing a breakdown of the perturbative picture even though the coupling is weak. The most straightforward interpretation is an infrared-stable fixed point.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, presented at Lattice 2008, Williamsburg, Virginia
VLBI properties of compact interplanetary scintillators detected by the Murchison Widefield Array
Creators: name: Jaiswal, Sumit
name: An, Tao
name: Wang, Ailing
name: Tingay, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Interplanetary scintillation (IPS) provides an approach for identifying the presence of sub-arcsec structures in radio sources, and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) technique can help verify whether the IPS sources have fine structures on milli-arcsec (mas) scales. We searched the available VLBI archive for the 244 IPS sources detected by the Murchison Widefield Array at 162~MHz and found 63 cross-matches. We analysed the VLBI data of the 63 sources and characterised the compactness index in terms of the ratio $R$ of the VLBI-measured flux density at 4.3~GHz to the flux density estimated using the Very Large Array Sky Survey (VLASS) at 3~GHz and NRAO VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) at 1.4~GHz ($S_{\rm VLBI}/S_{\rm SA}$). Eleven sources are identified as blazars according to their flat spectra and strong variability. They show high compactness indices with $R>0.4$, compact core-jet structure, and a broad distribution of normalised scintillation index (NSI). Other sources show diverse morphologies (compact core, core and one-sided jet, core and two-sided jets), but there is a correlation between $R$ and NSI with a correlation coefficient $r=0.47$. A similar $R$--NSI correlation is found in sources showing single steep power-law or convex spectra. After excluding blazars (which are already known to be compact sources) from the VLBI-detected IPS sources, a strong correlation is found between the compactness and scintillation index of the remaining samples, indicating that stronger scintillating sources are more compact. This pilot study shows that IPS offers a convenient method to identify compact radio sources without the need to invoke high-resolution imaging observations, which often require significant observational time.
description: 28 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Defining Minimum Treatment Parameters of Ablative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma: An Expert Consensus
Creators: name: Seong, Jinsil
name: Park, Hee Chul
name: Smith, Grace L
name: Hallemeier, Christopher L
name: Sanford, Nina N
name: Yoon, Sang Min
name: Hawkins, Maria A
name: Apisarnthanarax, Smith
name: Munoz-Schuffenegger, Pablo
name: Koay, Eugene J
name: Moon, Andrew M
name: Cardenes, Higinia
name: Hoyer, Morten
name: Chang, Daniel T
name: Reig, Maria
name: Dawson, Laura A
name: Kachnic, Lisa
name: Owen, Dawn
name: Torres, Ferran
name: Mases, Joel
name: Kim, Tae Hyun
name: Feng, Mary
name: Yanagihara, Ted K
name: Wo, Jennifer Y
name: Lawrence, Theodore S
name: Iwata, Hiromitsu
name: Jabbour, Salma K
name: Kirichenko, Alexander
name: Barry, Aisling
name: Molla, Meritxell
name: Kharofa, Jordan
name: Makishima, Hirokazu
name: Tepper, Joel E
name: Buckstein, Michael
name: Scorsetti, Marta
name: Meyer, Jeffrey J
name: Guha, Chandan
name: Saez, Jordi
Publisher: name: Elsevier
Year: 2024

description:
PURPOSE: External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is a highly effective treatment in select patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system does not recommend the use of EBRT in HCC due to a lack of sufficient evidence and intends to perform an individual patient level meta-analysis of ablative EBRT in this population. However, there are many types of EBRT described in the literature with no formal definition of what constitutes "ablative." Thus, we convened a group of international experts to provide consensus on the parameters that define ablative EBRT in HCC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fundamental parameters related to dose, fractionation, radiobiology, target identification, and delivery technique were identified by a steering committee to generate 7 Key Criteria (KC) that would define ablative EBRT for HCC. Using a modified Delphi (mDelphi) method, experts in the use of EBRT in the treatment of HCC were surveyed. Respondents were given 30 days to respond in round 1 of the mDelphi and 14 days to respond in round 2. A threshold of ≥70% was used to define consensus for answers to each KC. RESULTS: Of 40 invitations extended, 35 (88%) returned responses. In the first round, 3 of 7 KC reached consensus. In the second round, 100% returned responses and consensus was reached in 3 of the remaining 4 KC. The distribution of answers for one KC, which queried the a/b ratio of HCC, was such that consensus was not achieved. Based on this analysis, ablative EBRT for HCC was defined as a BED10 ≥80 Gy with daily imaging and multiphasic contrast used for target delineation. Treatment breaks (eg, for adaptive EBRT) are allowed, but the total treatment time should be ≤6 weeks. Equivalent dose when treating with protons should use a conversion factor of 1.1, but there is no single conversion factor for carbon ions. CONCLUSIONS: Using a mDelphi method assessing expert opinion, we provide the first consensus definition of ablative EBRT for HCC. Empirical data are required to define the a/b of HCC.
Properties of Thorne-Zytkow object explosions
Creators: name: Moriya, Takashi J.
name: Blinnikov, Sergei I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thorne-Zytkow objects are stars that have a neutron star core with an extended hydrogen-rich envelope. Massive Thorne-Zytkow objects are proposed to explode when the nuclear reactions sustaining their structure are terminated by the exhaustion of the seed elements. In this paper, we investigate the observational properties of the possible Thorne-Zytkow object explosions. We find that Thorne-Zytkow object explosions are observed as long-duration transients lasting for several years. If the accretion disk triggering the explosions does not last for a long time, Thorne-Zytkow object explosions have a luminosity plateau with about 1e39 erg/s lasting for a few years, and then they suddenly become faint. They would be observed as vanished stars after a bright phase lasting for a few years. If the accretion disk is sustained for long time, the Thorne-Zytkow object explosions become as bright as supernovae. They would be observed as supernovae with rise times of several hundred days. We found that their photospheric velocities are 2000 km/s at most, much smaller than those found in supernovae. Supernovae with extremely long rise times such as HSC16aayt and SN 2008iy may be related to the explosions of Thorne-Zytkow objects.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures, accepted by Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Doubly periodic textile patterns
Creators: name: Morton, H. R.
name: Grishanov, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25

description: Knitted and woven textile structures are examples of doubly periodic structures in a thickened plane made out of intertwining strands of yarn. Factoring out the group of translation symmetries of such a structure gives rise to a link diagram in a thickened torus. Such a diagram on a standard torus is converted into a classical link by including two auxiliary components which form the cores of the complementary solid tori. The resulting link, called a kernel for the structure, is determined by a choice of generators u and v for the group of symmetries. A normalised form of the multi-variable Alexander polynomial of a kernel is used to provide polynomial invariants of the original structure which are essentially independent of the choice of generators. It gives immediate information about the existence of closed curves and other topological features in the original textile structure. Because of its natural algebraic properties under coverings we can recover the polynomial for kernels based on a proper subgroup from the polynomial derived from the full symmetry group of the structure. This enables two structures to be compared at similar scales, even when one has a much smaller minimal repeating cell than the other. Examples of simple traditional structures are given, and their Alexander data polynomials are presented to illustrate the techniques and results.
description: 27 pages, 22 figures
CP parameters of the B systems from Tevatron
Creators: name: Burdin, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results on CP parameters of the B systems obtained by the CDF and D0 collaborations using the data samples collected at the Tevatron Collider in the period 2002 - 2007 were presented at the QCD 2008 conference (Montpellier, France). These results include measurements of the mixing phase, decay width difference, and CP violation parameters in the Bs and Bu decays.
description: Presented at the QCD 2008 Conference (Montpellier, France); added references; corrected RCP+ parameter
Studio istologico e follow-up clinico di carcinomi basocellulari trattati con terapia chirurgica
Histological study and clinical follow-up of basal cell carcinomas treated with surgical therapy
Creators: name: Bertoncelli, Marco <1980>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: MED/35 Malattie cutanee e veneree

description: Lo studio ha posto l'attenzione sul rapporto costo-efficacia tra le metodiche più utilizzate per la rimozione di carcinomi basocellulari: l'asportazione chirurgica e la terapia fotodinamica. Dai dati si evince che la rimozione chirurgica è la metodica più efficace per la minore frequenza di recidive (4.7%) rispetto alla terapia fotodinamica (6%). Questo dato è valido unicamente per i carcinomi superficiali; per i carcinomi nodulari la frequenza di recidiva con la terapia fotodinamica risulta essere più elevata (35%). La chirurgia è una metodica più costosa rispetto alla fotodinamica. La variabile dolore risulta essere minore per la chirurgia rispetto alla fotodinamica. Il risultato estetico invece è migliore per la fotodinamica rispetto alla terapia chirurgica. I costi invece sono più elevati per la terapia chirurgica. Rimane un'ultima considerazione: la terapia fotodinamica richiede talvolta un nuovo intervento a distanza di mesi o anni e pertanto questa scelta  comporta costi aggiuntivi.
description: The study focused attention on the cost-effectiveness among the most popular methods used for removal of basal cell carcinomas: surgical resection and photodynamic therapy. From data it is clear that surgical removal is the most effective method for reducing the frequency of relapses (4.7%) compared to photodynamic therapy (6%). This figure is valid only for superficial carcinomas; for nodular carcinomas frequency of recurrence with photodynamic therapy turns out to be higher (35%). Surgery is a method more expensive than the photodynamic. The variable pain is less with surgery than the photodynamic therapy. The aesthetic result is rather better for photodynamic therapy compared to surgery. The costs however are higher for surgical therapy. One final consideration remains: photodynamic therapy sometimes requires reoperation after months or years and so this choice involves additional costs.
Offshore financial activity and tax policy: evidence from a leaked data set
Creators: name: Caruana-Galizia, Paul
name: Caruana-Galizia, Matthew
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: offshore centres
subject: offshore leaks
subject: Savings Directive
subject: tax evasion
subject: tax havens
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: 320 Politikwissenschaft
subject: 330 Wirtschaft

description: We assess the European Union’s (EU) most significant international tax policy. The 2005 Tax and Savings Directive obliges cooperating jurisdictions to withhold tax or report on interest income earned by entities whose beneficial owner is an EU resident. As the Directive applies only to beneficial ownership in cooperative jurisdictions, it can be circumvented by transferring ownership to a non-EU resident or company or by transferring the entity to a non-cooperative jurisdiction. Using a database on individual offshore entities leaked from two firms in 2013, we compare the response of EU-owned entities with a control group of non-EU-owned entities. We show that the growth of EU-owned entities declined immediately after the Directive’s implementation, whereas that of non-EU-owned entities remained stable. We observe the substitution of EU ownership for non-EU ownership, as well as the substitution of cooperative for non-cooperative offshore jurisdictions. This calls for anti-evasion policies that are broader in scope and scale.
Search for exotic decays of the Higgs boson into $b\bar{b}$ and missing transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the exotic decay of the Higgs boson ($H$) into a $b\bar{b}$ resonance plus missing transverse momentum is described. The search is performed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider using 139 $\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV. The search targets events from $ZH$ production in an NMSSM scenario where $H \rightarrow \tildeχ^{0}_{2}\tildeχ^{0}_{1}$, with $\tildeχ^{0}_{2} \rightarrow {a} \tildeχ^{0}_{1}$, where $a$ is a light pseudoscalar Higgs boson and $\tildeχ^{0}_{1,2}$ are the two lightest neutralinos. The decay of the $a$ boson into a pair of $b$-quarks results in a peak in the dijet invariant mass distribution. The final-state signature consists of two leptons, two or more jets, at least one of which is identified as originating from a $b$-quark, and missing transverse momentum. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations and upper limits are set on the product of cross section times branching ratio for a three-dimensional scan of the masses of the $\tildeχ^{0}_{2}$, $\tildeχ^{0}_{1}$ and $a$ boson.
description: Comments: 38 pages in total, author list starting on page 22, 4 figures, 2 tables, published in JHEP. All figures, including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2018-07/
Detectability of Pair Echos from Gamma-Ray Bursts and Intergalactic Magnetic Fields
Creators: name: Takahashi, Keitaro
name: Murase, Kohta
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
name: Inoue, Susumu
name: Nagataki, Shigehiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-energy emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) can give rise to pair echos, i.e. delayed inverse Compton emission from secondary $e^{\pm}$ pairs produced in $γ-γ$ interactions with intergalactic background radiation. We investigate the detectability of such emission with modern-day gamma-ray telescopes. The spectra and light curves are calculated for a wide range of parameters, applying the formalism recently developed by Ichiki et al. The flux depends strongly on the unknown magnitude and coherence length of intergalactic magnetic fields, and we delineate the range of field strength and redshift that allow detectable echos. Relevant uncertainties such as the high-energy cutoff of the primary gamma-ray spectrum and the intensity of the cosmic infrared background are addressed. GLAST and MAGIC may be able to detect pair echo emission from GRBs with redshift $\lesssim 1$ if the primary spectra extend to $\sim 10 ~ {\rm TeV}$.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures