Lysmata jundalini Rhyne, Calado & Santos, 2012, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Rhyne, Andrew L.
name: Calado, Ricardo
name: Santos, Antonina Dos
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Decapoda
Hippolytidae
Lysmata
Lysmata jundalini

description: Lysmata jundalini sp. nov.
(Figures 1–4)
Type material. Holotype: adult ovigerous hermaphrodite 6.49 mm CL (25.56 mm TL; 3.66 mm rostrum; 6.49 mm CW) [MNHN-UL B12-004200]. Paratypes: 4 males 3.81–4.36 mm CL (17.84–20.50 mm TL; 2.50–2.92 mm rostrum) [MNHN-ULMB12-004201]. The specimens were collected by Dr. Nikolaos Schizas on 20/04/2009 at the reef crest around Cayo Enrique, La Parguera, Puerto Rico (7° 56.22N / 67° 03.06W), at a depth of 0.5 m.
Diagnosis. Integument not rigid and carapace smooth without supraorbital and hepatic tooth but with antennal and, generally, pterygostomian tooth. Rostrum armed dorsally and usually ventrally, without ventral blade or tongue-like lobe extending ventrally from lateral carina. Mandible without palp and incisor process. First maxilliped with caridean lobe clearly discrete, epipod bilobate. Pereiopods without exopods. Second pereiopods symmetrical and fingers no longer than palm. Pleon with 1st pleuron entire and 6th somite without prominent spines. Telson bearing 2 pairs of dorsolateral spines.
Description. A small shrimp (Fig. 1), with carapace smooth as long as high at the posterior end, glabrous, with posterolateral margin broadly rounded and anteriorly slightly funnelled. Rostrum straight, slightly curved upwards at tip with a lateral carina, reaching the end of the third segment of the antennular peduncle, 0.56 times as long as carapace in the female and 0.68 times for the males; with 6–7 acute dorsal teeth, being 3 in postrostral position, ventral margin with 2–3 teeth, close to rostrum tip; stiff setae arising from rostral dorsal carina between teeth (Fig. 2 a, b). Antennal tooth long and sharply separated from ventral angle of the orbit. Pterygostomial tooth well developed and acute, with a row of plumose setae on the anterior-ventral margin (Fig. 2 a, b). Eyes moderately large and rounded, divergent not reaching dorsal margin of rostrum.
Pleon smooth (Fig. 1), the first three pleomeres with rounded margins, fourth and fifth with sharp posterolateral tooth, sixth with acute posteroventral tooth and a pair of posterior teeth on each side of telson.
Telson (Fig. 2 k) about 1.7 times as long as sixth pleomere; lateral margins of telson with many long setae on distal half and 3 long setae on the middle at proximal; dorsal surface with two pairs of spines, the first pair usually on 0.4 and second one on 0.7 of telson; posterior margins with a pair of short acute spines, and one pair of long acute ones, 2 long setae present between the long and strong spines, above that it presents six long and fine spines and three small ones.
Basal segment of the antennular peduncle with stylocerite just reaching the border of this segment and greatly overreaching the eye. Lateral antennular flagellum with aesthetascs extending from 4th segment to accessory branch. Dorsal antennular flagellum with accessory branch 3-segmented, 24 segments before bifurcation; ratio length of accessory branch/length of flagellum before bifurcation is 0.15 (Fig. 2 c). Antenna with scaphocerite slen- der more than 4 times as long as wide; scaphocerite distal tooth acute distinctly overreaching blade (Fig. 2 d).
Mandibles unequal but subsimilar, without palp and incisor process. Maxillula (Fig. 2 e) with slender, curved palp, with 1 terminal strong plumose and 9 simple setae; upper lacinia broad, with 8 stout, dentate marginal spines and, two rows of more slender setae; lower lacinia slender, with row of long simple setae along the dorsal and inner margin. Maxilla (Fig. 2 f) with elongated palp, with 2 long plumose and 2 short simple seta; inner lacinia bilobed, with row of simple setae on distal margins, scaphognathite well developed, very large and not very broad, with 91 plumose setae along the margin.
First maxilliped (Fig. 2 g) with basal endite broad with a row of dense setulose setae; exopod with caridean lobe small, not distinctly separated from flagellum, with 9 sparsely plumose marginal setae, flagellum slender, with several plumose setae on the distal half; epipod bilobed. Second maxilliped (Fig. 2 h) with endopod stout, dactylar segment terminal, distally elongated, with rows of long marginal and submarginal setae; propod longer than wide, with row of densely distributed setae; carpus short, with 2 simple small setae; merus with 3 long setae; basis with tuff of dense setae; exopod long and slender with plumose setae along external margin; coxa medially rounded, with sub quadrate large epipod laterally. Third maxilliped (Fig. 2 i) with long and slender endopod, distal segment with 9 spines distributed terminally; exopod short, slender, reaching more than 2/3 of the proximal endopod segment, with plumose setae on the distal half and 3 short and simple setae near base.
First pereiopod (Figs 3 a, a’) with simple chela, reaching beyond the end of scaphocerite; palm about 3 times as long as dactylus, five times as long as high; carpus almost as long as merus; merus with row of long spines. Second pereiopod (Figs 3 b, b’) with carpus twice as long as merus, composed of 28 articles; merus subequal to ischium in length, composed of 13–17 articles; ischium with row of 12 spinules. Third to fifth pereiopods similar, decreasing in length from third to fifth. Third pereiopod (Figs 3 c, c’) with unarmed ischium; merus with 8 stout ventrolateral spines, almost two times as long as carpus; propodus slightly shorter than merus with spines and spinules along ventral and ventromesial margins; dactylus about 1/6 length of propodus, biunguiculate, with three additional slen- der spines on flexor margin, terminal unguis longer than ventral unguis. Fourth pereiopod (Fig. 3 d) with 6 stout spines along ventrolateral margin of merus, which is almost two times as long as carpus; propodus as long as merus with 4 spines distally on ventral margin. Fifth pereiopod (Fig. 3 e) merus with 4 stout spines along lateral margin.
Endopod of first pleopod (Fig. 3 f) about half as long as exopod with row of marginal setae and nine dorsal setae. Appendix masculina (Fig. 2 j) on second pleopod of males almost the size of the endopod and two times as long as appendix interna. Appendix masculina with one setose spine near base, four simple setae on distal half and twelve setose spines at posterior end. Other pleopods (Fig. 3 g) with endopod slightly smaller than exopod, both with plumose setae on margins. Uropod (Fig. 3 h) protopod with lateral tooth which has three long setae on margin; exopod with daeresis bearing acute tooth laterally, adjacent to distolateral spine; endopod subequal to exopod length.
Color in life. Body translucent with wide rust colored longitudinal stripes (Fig. 4 a, b); lateral carapace with longitudinal strips, lacking transverse bands; dorsal with heavy singular inverted U-shaped band, abdominal pleura with wide longitudinal stripes (dorsal view showing three, with one running along entire length of abdomen reaching into carapace not connecting to U-shaped band), pleuron without conspicuous transverse bands or U-shaped pattern, pleuron transversed by a wide row of spots, often fading shortly after collection (Fig. 4 b); ventral margin of abdomen, and margin of telson and uropods with brilliant red outlining. Dorsal of third to fifth pereiopods with bright orange coloration; coxa of fourth pereiopod with conscious blue spot, spilling over to the coxa of the third and fifth pereiopod, antennular flagellum with blue hue (refer Fig. 4 a). Early stage embryos and developing ovotestis green.
Size. Hermaphrodites to at least 6.49 mm CL (25.56 mm TL; 3.66 mm rostrum) males 3.81–4.36 mm CL (17.84–20.50 mm TL; 2.50–2.92 mm rostrum).
Etymology. The new species is named after our colleague and friend Dr. Junda Lin in recognition of his work on the aquaculture and sexual biology of Lysmata. When translated from Mandarin, Junda means “gentleman”. In this way, we have combined the given and family name of this remarkable biologist, mentor, colleague, friend and true gentleman, to the specific name jundalini.
Type locality and distribution. The holotype and paratypes were collected from the reef crest of Enrique Reef off the University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, Isla Magueyes Laboratories in 0.5 meters of water. The species has also been collected or observed throughout the Caribbean, from Yucatan peninsula in Mexico (Nuno Simões pers. comm.) to Panama (De Grave & Anker pers. comm).
Habitat and ecology. The new species is commonly found in the rubble zone on the reef crest and hiding in the close vicinity of, but not on, the sea anemone Stichodactyla helianthus, as well as associated with moray eels in isolated patch reefs along the southwestern coast of Puerto Rico and wider Caribbean. This species is also often found in dense aggregations in Porites corals (Nuno Simões, pers. comm.).
description: Published as part of Rhyne, Andrew L., Calado, Ricardo & Santos, Antonina Dos, 2012, Lysmata jundalini, a new peppermint shrimp (Decapoda, Caridea, Hippolytidae) from the Western Atlantic, pp. 71-79 in Zootaxa 3579 on pages 72-77, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.213670