cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Age, growth and sexual maturity of the blackchin guitarfish Rhinobatos cemiculus in the Gulf of Gabès (southern Tunisia, central Mediterranean)
Creators: name: ENAJJAR, Samira
name: BRADAI, Mohamed Nejmeddine
name: BOUAIN, Abderrahman
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2012

description: Age, growth and sexual maturity parameters of the Blackchin guitarfish Rhinobatos cemiculus are reported from the Gulf of Gabès (Central Mediterranean Sea). Age was estimated by counting the growth rings of thin sections of vertebrae from 110 fishes (43-198 cm total length). Marginal increment analysis supported the hypothesis of annual deposition of growth rings, which form during the end of summer. The oldest females and males were 14 and 10 years respectively. Von Bertalanffy parameters based on length at age data were TL∞ = 179 cm, k = 0.272 y-1 and t0 = -0.71 for males and TL∞ = 198.7 cm, k = 0.202 y-1 and t0 = -0.81 for females. Females made up 51.8%, They reached a larger size than males. Males were mature at 111.8 cm and females at 138.1 cm total length (TL). The age at which 50% of males and females matured was respectively 2.89 and 5.09 years.
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors: regulators of Rho GTPase activity in development and disease
Creators: name: Der, C. J.
name: Cook, D. R.
name: Rossman, K. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The aberrant activity of Ras homologous (Rho) family small GTPases (20 human members) has been implicated in cancer and other human diseases. However, in contrast to the direct mutational activation of Ras found in cancer and developmental disorders, Rho GTPases are activated most commonly by indirect mechanisms in disease. One prevalent mechanism involves aberrant Rho activation via the deregulated expression and/or activity of Rho family guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs). RhoGEFs promote formation of the active GTP-bound state of Rho GTPases. The largest family of RhoGEFs is comprised of the Dbl family RhoGEFs with 70 human members. The multitude of RhoGEFs that activate a single Rho GTPase reflect the very specific role of each RhoGEF in controlling distinct signaling mechanisms involved in Rho activation. In this review, we summarize the role of Dbl RhoGEFs in development and disease, with a focus on Ect2, Tiam1, Vav and P-Rex1/2.
Flavored gauge mediation in the Peccei-Quinn NMSSM
Creators: name: Kowalska, Kamila
name: Pawelczyk, Jacek
name: Sessolo, Enrico Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a particular version of the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) NMSSM characterized by an economical and rigidly hierarchical flavor structure and based on flavored gauge mediation and on some considerations inspired by string theory GUTs. In this way we can express the Lagrangian of the PQ NMSSM through very few parameters. The obtained model is studied numerically and confronted with the most relevant phenomenological constraints. We show that typical spectra are for the most part too heavy to be significantly probed at the LHC, but regions of the parameter space exist yielding signatures that might possibly be observed during Run II. We also calculate the fine tuning of the model. We show that, in spite of the appearance of large scales in the superpotential and soft terms, it does not exceed the tuning present in the MSSM for equivalent spectra, which is of the order of 10^4.
description: 23 pages, 3 figures. Some clarifications added to the text, JHEP published version
Supplementary materials for “Social learning through associative processes: A computational theory”
Creators: name: Lind, Johan
name: Ghirlanda, Stefano
name: Enquist, Magnus
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Program and code for scrips
Seaweeds Fisheries Management in France, Japan, Chile and Norway
Creators: name: FRANGOUDES, Katia
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: Coastal communities have long gathered seaweeds for their own consumption, for animal feed and for fertilizer. The development of industrial use and trade of seaweeds generated income to local communities. The intensification of the exploitation led local communities to implement rules to regulate harvesting. This paper analyses the evolution of seaweed management regimes in four countries: France, Japan, Chile and Norway. Social justice within the communities and equity among gatherers appear to be the basic principles to these rules. Conflict avoidance is their concern much more than resource conservation. This review highlights the role played by fishers' organisations and the processing industries in the management of seaweeds.
WNT7B mediates autocrine Wnt/β-catenin signaling and anchorage-independent growth in pancreatic adenocarcinoma
Creators: name: Dawson, D. W.
name: Yang, P. T.
name: Donahue, T.
name: Arensman, M. D.
name: Moon, R. T.
name: Lay, A. R.
name: Kovochich, A. N.
name: Major, M. B.
name: Li, X.
name: Kulikauskas, R. M.
name: Chien, A. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Developmental and cancer models show Wnt/β-catenin-dependent signaling mediates diverse phenotypic outcomes in the pancreas that are dictated by context, duration and strength of activation. While generally assumed to be pro-tumorigenic, it is unclear to what extent dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling impacts tumor progression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the present study, Wnt/β-catenin activity was characterized across a spectrum of PDAC cell lines and primary tumors. Reporter and gene expression based assays revealed wide heterogeneity in Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activity across PDAC cell lines and patient tumors, as well as variable responsiveness to exogenous Wnt ligand stimulation. An experimentally-generated, pancreas-specific gene expression signature of Wnt/β-catenin transcriptional activation was used to stratify pathway activation across a cohort of resected, early stage PDAC tumors (N=41). In this cohort, higher Wnt/β-catenin activation was found to significantly correlate with lymphvascular invasion and worse disease specific survival (median survival time 20.3 versus 43.9 months, log rank P=0.03). Supporting the importance of Wnt ligand in mediating autocrine Wnt signaling, Wnt/β-catenin activity was significantly inhibited in PDAC cell lines by WLS gene silencing and the small molecule inhibitor IWP-2, both of which functionally block Wnt ligand processing and secretion. Transcriptional profiling revealed elevated expression of WNT7B occurred in PDAC cell lines with high levels of cell autonomous Wnt/β-catenin activity. Gene knockdown studies in AsPC-1 and HPAF-2 cell lines confirmed WNT7B mediated cell autonomous Wnt/β-catenin activation, as well as an anchorage-independent growth phenotype. Our findings indicate WNT7B can serve as a primary determinant of differential Wnt/β-catenin activation in PDAC. Disrupting the interaction between Wnt ligands and their receptors may be a particularly suitable approach for therapeutic modulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in PDAC and other cancer contexts where Wnt activation is mediated by ligand expression rather than mutations in canonical pathway members.
Quantum renormalization group
Creators: name: Nagy, S.
name: Polonyi, J.
name: Steib, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observed IR and the spectator UV particles of a regulated, cutoff quantum field theory are entangled by their interactions; hence, the IR sector can be described by the help of the density matrix only. The tree-level renormalized trajectory is obtained for a self-interacting scalar field theory, containing the mixed state contributions. One needs a sharp cutoff in the momentum space as regulator to realize the true loss of information, caused by massive particles.
description: Extended, final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Effective Theory of Interacting Dark Energy
Creators: name: Gleyzes, Jérôme
name: Langlois, David
name: Mancarella, Michele
name: Vernizzi, Filippo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a unifying treatment of dark energy and modified gravity that allows distinct conformal-disformal couplings of matter species to the gravitational sector. In this very general approach, we derive the conditions to avoid ghost and gradient instabilities. We compute the equations of motion for background quantities and linear perturbations. We illustrate our formalism with two simple scenarios, where either cold dark matter or a relativistic fluid is nonminimally coupled. This extends previous studies of coupled dark energy to a much broader spectrum of gravitational theories.
description: 37 pages
title: Dimerization of 1-Methylazepine
Creators: name: Hafner, Klaus
name: Mondt, J.
Publisher: name: Wiley
Year: 2023

description: The preparation of alkyl 1-azepinecarboxylates (1) by photolysis or thermolysis of azidoformates in benzene or its derivatives has enabled us to study the monocyclic azepine system[²].
Electronic Supplementary Material from Sperm competition accentuates selection on ejaculate attributes.
Creators: name: VUARIN, Pauline
name: Hingrat, Yves
name: Lesobre, Loïc
name: Jalme, Michel Saint
name: Lacroix, Frédéric
name: Sorci, Gabriele
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file provides additional information about the material and methods, together with two supplemental tables. Table S1 presents descriptive statistics about the two ejaculate attributes and Table S2 gives yearly repeatability for the two ejaculate attributes.
Kelp harvesting fleet dynamics and the fleet's dependence on Laminaria forests in the Iroise Sea (North Finistère, France)
Creators: name: ALBAN, Frédérique
name: FRANGOUDES, Katia
name: FRESARD, Marjolaine
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: This paper addresses the question of economic viability of a fishing fleet, its dependence on main target species, and its capacity to be adapted to future constraints. The analysis relies on a field survey of a small-scale inshore fishing fleet of the Iroise Sea, in Brittany, seasonally harvesting seaweeds. Kelp forests are important biota both as habitat provider and producer, but are subject to significant threats that can permanently affect their sustainability. Seaweed harvesting has always been a controversial sector and the establishment of a marine protected area in the Iroise Sea has rekindled the debate on the environmental impact of seaweed exploitation. But, the fleet is also exposed to others constraints, be they regulatory or economic.
Transition in nori cultivation : evolution of household contribution and gendered division of labor
Creators: name: DELANEY, Alyne E.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: Consumers throughout the world have gained familiarity with the seaweed nori (porphyra spp) thanks to the popularity of Asian cuisine, particularly Japanese sushi. Few actually know much about the people who produce this seaweed, however. This article presents qualitative social science research undertaken in Northeastern Japan among a community of nori cultivators on their production process and cultural way of life. Natural scientists acknowledge that in order to manage natural resources, it is actually the resource users who must be managed. In order to manage resource users, with the goals of social and environmental sustainability, we must understand both society and cultural institutions. With this in mind, this article focuses on the division of labor among cultivators, particularly along gender lines and the impacts, on a cultural level, of technological change on nori production. Technological change has had a profound impact on both the manner of nori production as well as the household division of labor and work and gender roles. Women play a key role in nori production today. With better understanding of such outward manifestations of culture and society we can bring the human dimensions of systems to bear in order to better manage these, and other natural resources.
ASC deficiency suppresses proliferation and prevents medulloblastoma incidence
Creators: name: Deshmukh, M.
name: Knight, E. R.W.
name: Crowther, A. J.
name: Ting, J. P.
name: Flowers, C. A.
name: Patel, E. Y.
name: Miller, C. R.
name: Gershon, T. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) is silenced by promoter methylation in many types of tumors, yet ASC’s role in most cancers remains unknown. Here, we show that ASC is highly expressed in a model of medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain cancer; ASC is also expressed in human medulloblastomas. Importantly, while ASC deficiency did not affect normal cerebellar development, ASC knock-out mice on the Smoothened (ND2:SmoA1) transgenic model of medulloblastoma exhibited a profound reduction in medulloblastoma incidence and a delayed tumor onset. A similar decrease in tumorigenesis with ASC deficiency was also seen in the hGFAP-Cre:SmoM2 mouse model of medulloblastoma. Interestingly, hyperproliferation of the external granule layer (EGL) was comparable at P20 in both the wildtype and ASC-deficient SmoA1 mice. However, while the apoptosis and differentiation markers remained unchanged at this age, proliferation makers were decreased, and the EGL was reduced in thickness and area by P60. This reduction in proliferation with ASC deficiency was also seen in isolated SmoA1 cerebellar granule precursor cells in vitro, indicating that the effect of ASC deletion on proliferation was cell autonomous. Interestingly, ASC deficient SmoA1 cerebella exhibited disrupted expression of genes in the TGF-β pathway and increased level of nuclear Smad3. Together, these results demonstrate an unexpected role for ASC in Sonic hedgehog-driven medulloblastoma tumorigenesis, thus identifying ASC as a promising novel target for anti-tumor therapy.
Mosaic genetic structure and sustainable establishment of the invasive kelp Undaria pinnatifida within a bay (Bay of St-Malo, Brittany)
Creators: name: GRULOIS, Daphné
name: LÉVÊQUE, Laurent
name: VIARD, Frédérique
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: Macroalgae can represent a significant component of biological introductions in coastal areas. One such example is the Asian kelp Undaria pinnatifida, which has been both intentionally and unintentionally introduced throughout the world. The alga was first introduced in the Bay of St-Malo (English Channel, France) for cultivation in the early 1980s, where it subsequently escaped and established a number of spontaneous satellite populations in the wild. We here document the present-day distribution of U. pinnatifida in this bay based on a grid sampling design. The alga was observed in most of the surveyed sites (84%). To test if this broad distribution of U. pinnatifida could be at all associated with the annual supply of propagules released from the local farm, we evaluated population genetic diversity and connectivity throughout the bay using nine microsatellite loci. We detected limited gene flow that could not be attributed to any isolation-by- distance mechanism, or to habitat type. In further support of a lack of direct connection between farms and satellite populations, spontaneous populations in the open bay were strongly differentiated from farmed populations. Future studies should investigate environmental disturbance, including commercial and recreational nautical activities, which may promote further spread of this pioneer alga.
The stellar binary fraction in 324 open clusters with Gaia
Creators: name: Oliu, Judit Donada
name: Anders, Friedrich
name: Jordi, Carme
name: Masana, Eduard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Galaxy: stellar population
open clusters
stars: multiple
star clusters: dynamics

description: We estimate the fraction of binaries with high mass ratios for 324 open clusters in the extended solar neighbourhood (closer than 1.5 kpc from the Sun) using Gaia DR2 and EDR3 data. This is the largest homogeneous catalogue of multiplicity fractions in open clusters to date, including the unresolved and total multiplicity fractions of main-sequence systems with mass ratio larger than 0.6 for 324 open clusters, estimated through a Markov chain Monte Carlo method. These studied open clusters have ages between 3.9 Myr and 4.3 Gyr. Their total multiplicity fractions, between 0.05 and 0.71, are found to increase with the mass of the primary star, display a slight overall decreasing trend with the open cluster age up until ages about 100-320 Myr, above which the trend increases; and do not depend on the open cluster position in the Galaxy.
Expression of miR-200c in claudin-low breast cancer alters stem cell functionality, enhances chemosensitivity and reduces metastatic potential
Creators: name: Petrovic, I.
name: Knezevic, J.
name: Pfefferle, A. D.
name: Perou, C. M.
name: Greene, S. B.
name: Rosen, J. M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Claudin-low tumors are a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype with no targeted treatments and a clinically documented resistance to chemotherapy. They are significantly enriched in cancer stem cells (CSCs), which makes claudin-low tumor models particularly attractive for studying CSC behavior and developing novel approaches to minimize CSC therapy resistance. One proposed mechanism by which CSCs arise is via an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and reversal of this process may provide a potential therapeutic approach for increasing tumor chemosensitivity. Therefore, we investigated the role of known EMT regulators, miR-200 family of microRNAs in controlling the epithelial state, stem-like properties, and therapeutic response in an in vivo primary, syngeneic p53null claudin-low tumor model that is normally deficient in miR-200 expression. Using an inducible lentiviral approach, we expressed the miR-200c cluster in this model and found that it changed the epithelial state, and consequently, impeded CSC behavior in these mesenchymal tumors. Moreover, these state changes were accompanied by a decrease in proliferation and an increase in the differentiation status. miR-200c expression also forced a significant reorganization of tumor architecture, affecting important cellular processes involved in cell-cell contact, cell adhesion, and motility. Accordingly, induced miR200c expression significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity and decreased the metastatic potential of this p53null claudin-low tumor model. Collectively, our data suggest that miR-200c expression in claudin-low tumors offers a potential therapeutic application to disrupt the EMT program on multiple fronts in this mesenchymal tumor subtype, by altering tumor growth, chemosensitivity, and metastatic potential in vivo.
Fibulin-3 is a novel TGF-β pathway inhibitor in the breast cancer microenvironment
Creators: name: Gatza, M. L.
name: Blobe, G. C.
name: Chen, J.
name: Liu, J.
name: Tian, H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: TGF-β is an important regulator of breast cancer progression. However, how the breast cancer microenvironment regulates TGF-β signaling during breast cancer progression remains largely unknown. Here, we identified fibulin-3 as a secreted protein in the breast cancer microenvironment, which efficiently inhibits TGF-β signaling in both breast cancer cells and endothelial cells. Mechanistically, fibulin-3 interacts with the type I TGF-β receptor (TβRI) to block TGF-β induced complex formation of TβRI with the type II TGF-β receptor (TβRII) and subsequent downstream TGF-β signaling. Fibulin-3 expression decreases during breast cancer progression, with low fibulin-3 levels correlating with a poorer prognosis. Functionally, high fibulin-3 levels inhibited TGF-β-induced EMT, migration, invasion and endothelial permeability, while loss of fibulin-3 expression/function promoted these TGF-β-mediated effects. Further, restoring fibulin-3 expression in breast cancer cells inhibited TGF-β signaling, breast cancer cell EMT, invasion and metastasis in vivo. These studies provide a novel mechanism for how TGF-β signaling is regulated by the tumor microenvironment, and provide insight into targeting the TGF-β signaling pathway in human breast cancer patients.
The importance of having two species instead of one in kelp management: the Lessonia nigrescens species complex
Creators: name: TELLIER, Florence
name: VEGA, J. M. Alonso
name: BROITMAN, Bernardo R.
name: A.VASQUEZ, Julio
name: VALERO, Myriam
name: FAUGERON, Sylvain
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: Natural resource management requires extensive knowledge of the biology of the organisms and their responses to ecological and anthropogenic processes. While species are commonly used as management units, the presence of cryptic species – morphologically indistinguishable, but with different biological characteristics – may hinder the design of appropriate management and conservation measures. Thus, correctly assigning individuals to species is of particular importance and challenges current management approaches in seaweeds, which are highly plastic morphologically. After a synthesis of the species definitions, we show an example of the challenges of managing cryptic species with the Chilean kelp Lessonia nigrescens. We review phylogenetic, biological and ecological evidence indicating that this economically important intertidal species is composed of two cryptic species. In the face of increasing global demand for kelp, an intensified impact of harvesting pressure is observed around the region where both cryptic species find their northern and southern edge of their geographic distributions, around 30°S. We recommend special management strategies targeting harvested areas around such range edge populations. Our synthesis highlights the importance of having two species that are ecologically and genetically different. In addition, the cryptic species may diverge in biochemical composition, opening new perspectives for the alginates' industry. The capacity of conservation and management programs to correctly distinguish new species is of particular importance as numerous cryptic species are constantly being discovered in seaweeds, including kelps.
Nonlinear parallel momentum transport in strong turbulence
Creators: name: Wang, Lu
name: Wen, Tiliang
name: Diamond, P. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most existing theoretical studies of momentum transport focus on calculating the Reynolds stress based on quasilinear theory, without considering the \emph{nonlinear} momentum flux-$$. However, a recent experiment on TORPEX found that the nonlinear toroidal momentum flux induced by blobs makes a significant contribution as compared to the Reynolds stress [Labit et al., Phys. Plasmas {\bf 18}, 032308 (2011)]. In this work, the nonlinear parallel momentum flux in strong turbulence is calculated by using three dimensional Hasegawa-Mima equation. It is shown that nonlinear diffusivity is smaller than quasilinear diffusivity from Reynolds stress. However, the leading order nonlinear residual stress can be comparable to the quasilinear residual stress, and so could be important to intrinsic rotation in tokamak edge plasmas. A key difference from the quasilinear residual stress is that parallel fluctuation spectrum asymmetry is not required for nonlinear residual stress.
(401001) William Ritchie
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Spatial and temporal patterns of recovery of low intertidal Laminaria digitata after experimental spring and autumn removal
Creators: name: ENGELEN, Aschwin H.
name: LÉVÈQUE, Laurent
name: DESTOMBE, Christophe
name: VALERO, Myriam
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: To investigate the resilience of Laminaria digitata kelp forest to physical disturbance, like human harvesting and storms, we experimentally removed all kelp sporophytes completely and followed the subsequent recovery at two low intertidal locations dominated by L. digitata in Brittany, France. Removal was performed in four quadrats per location in Spring and Autumn 2007 and recovery was monitored every 6 months until Autumn 2009. Although total kelp density showed no variation before and 6-30 months after removal, there was a clear increase of the annual kelp Saccorhiza polyschides and kelp recruits 6 and 12 months after both spring and autumn removal. Total stipe, blade and total length did not show strong spatial and temporal variation 12 months after removal. However, this lack of strong temporal variation was mainly due to compensated strong decreased L. digitata lengths for at least 12 months after removal by increased lengths of S. polyschides 6-12 months after removal. L. digitata recovery was faster after autumn compared to spring removal but required at least 12 months. However, structural changes in species composition and species size structure took 18-24 months to recover. Conclusions on how long recovery takes, strongly depends on the season of the removal.
Using genetic tools for sustainable management of kelps: a literature review and the example of Laminaria digitata
Creators: name: VALERO, Myriam
name: DESTOMBE, Christophe
name: MAUGER, Stéphane
name: RIBOUT, Cécile
name: ENGEL, Carolyn R.
name: DAGUIN-THIEBAUT, Claire
name: TELLIER, Florence
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: Kelp forests are threatened by human activities that result in habitat loss or deplete natural stocks, but little is known about genetic diversity, importance of gene flow and effect of population fragmentation on genetic structure. We reviewed the literature to characterize the patterns of connectivity and scales of population structure in kelps. In all, 44 papers have been published on the patterns of genetic differentiation in 17 kelp species, using various kinds of molecular markers. Our literature review showed that population connectivity depends mainly on species' dispersal abilities and habitat characteristics (intertidal vs. subtidal), but little on their life-span characteristics. Data on within-population gene diversity were found for only seven species and reflect differences in effective population sizes. In addition, we focused on the Brittany populations of Laminaria digitata, one of the most commonly harvested species in Europe, and re-sampled populations studied seven years prior. Our analyses of spatio-temporal variation clearly demonstrate the effect of small population sizes on the genetic instability of isolated L. digitata populations and have implications for managing this genetic resource.
Management of kelp ecosystem in Japan
Creators: name: FUJITA, Daisuke
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: Among the countries with kelp habitats, Japan is unique because of the highest diversity of kelp species (38 species) as well as the long history of harvest for utilization as a food material (> 1000 years) and stock enhancement (ca. 300 years). Management of kelp ecosystem has been challenged by legal control of kelp fisheries, culture of kelps, deployment or improvement of substrata, and restoration of the deforested areas. In Japan, kelp is harvested manually from boat without diving by fishermen after permitted by prefecture. The legal system is outlined in national acts and prefectural laws; details are ruled by fisheries cooperatives. The amount of cultured kelps is now comparative to that of wild in quantity. Deployment of artificial substrata, although increased between 1960's and 1990's, has been shrunk because of too short functional longevity and impacts on other members of communities. Improvement of substrata has been practiced using mechanical gears. The most recent nationwide concern in kelp ecosystem is the restoration on deforested areas. Publish of a guideline (2007), a succeeding project and the commencement of a new support system (2009) refreshed the national policy of monitoring, maintenance and restoration of kelp and other macroalgal beds to be more practical and effective by centering fishermen themselves.
Environmental factors and commercial harvesting: exploring possible links behind the decline of the kelp Laminaria digitata in Brittany, France
Creators: name: DAVOULT, Dominique
name: ENGEL, Carolyn R.
name: ARZEL, Pierre
name: KNOCH, Danylas
name: LAURANS, Martial
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: Over the last decade, the commercially harvested quantities of the kelp Laminaria digitata have decreased along the coast of Brittany, falling from an annual production of around 60,000 t to the current production of 50,000 t Environmental parameters and the intensity of harvesting are the main potential sources of this decline. To analyse the impact of the environment, several environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity and storm intensity were included in multivariate analyses to explore their potential effects on standing stock variables (density and biomass of L. digitata populations in north Finistère). Results show relatively limited temporal fluctuations in biomass and density, although density has generally increased since 2000. Biomass appeared to follow a periodic cycle of 12 years, but could not be linked to any environmental factor. Temperature seemed to have the largest effect (negative when it increases), although this effect was masked during the last years of the study period. Analyses on harvest data revealed that the lower landings of L. digitata were not correlated to a decrease in the available algal stock but to insufficient harvesting effort. This may be due to a decrease in the number of days spent harvesting kelp and in the number of kelp-harvesting vessels. While the production per vessel has increased since 2000, this increase was insufficient to increase or even maintain total production.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Sperm competition accentuates selection on ejaculate attributes
Creators: name: VUARIN, Pauline
name: Hingrat, Yves
name: Lesobre, Loïc
name: Jalme, Michel Saint
name: Lacroix, Frédéric
name: Sorci, Gabriele
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This file provides additional information about the material and methods, together with two supplemental tables. Table S1 presents descriptive statistics about the two ejaculate attributes and Table S2 gives yearly repeatability for the two ejaculate attributes.
Limit-Periodic Continuum Schrödinger Operators with Zero Measure Cantor Spectrum
Creators: name: Damanik, David
name: Fillman, Jake
name: Lukic, Milivoje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Schrödinger operators on the real line with limit-periodic potentials and show that, generically, the spectrum is a Cantor set of zero Lebesgue measure and all spectral measures are purely singular continuous. Moreover, we show that for a dense set of limit-periodic potentials, the spectrum of the associated Schrödinger operator has Hausdorff dimension zero. In both results one can introduce a coupling constant $λ\in (0,\infty)$, and the respective statement then holds simultaneously for all values of the coupling constant.
description: 13 pages; to appear in J. Spectral Theory
Oncogenic c-Myc-induced lymphomagenesis is inhibited non-redundantly by the p19Arf–Mdm2–p53 and RP–Mdm2–p53 pathways
Creators: name: Meng, X.
name: Zhang, Y.
name: Dong, J.
name: Carlson, N. R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The multifaceted oncogene c-Myc plays important roles in the development and progression of human cancer. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the p19Arf–Mdm2–p53 and the ribosomal protein (RP)–Mdm2–p53 pathways are both essential in preventing oncogenic c-Myc-induced tumorigenesis. Disruption of each pathway individually by p19Arf deletion or by Mdm2C305F mutation, which disrupts RP-Mdm2 binding, accelerates Eμ-myc transgene-induced pre-B/B-cell lymphoma in mice at seemingly similar paces with median survival around 10 and 11 weeks, respectively, compared to 20 weeks for Eμ-myc transgenic mice. Because p19Arf can inhibit ribosomal biogenesis through its interaction with nucleophosmin (NPM/B23), RNA helicase DDX5 and RNA polymerase I transcription termination factor (TTF-I), it has been speculated that the p19Arf–Mdm2–p53 and the RP–Mdm2–p53 pathways might be a single p19Arf–RP–Mdm2–p53 pathway, in which p19Arf activates p53 by inhibiting RP biosynthesis; thus, p19Arf deletion or Mdm2C305F mutation would result in similar consequences. Here, we generated mice with concurrent p19Arf deletion and Mdm2C305F mutation and investigated the compound mice for tumorigenesis in the absence and the presence of oncogenic c-Myc overexpression. In the absence of Eμ-myc transgene, the Mdm2C305F mutation did not elicit spontaneous tumors in mice, nor did it accelerate spontaneous tumors in mice with p19Arf deletion. In the presence of Eμ-myc transgene, however, Mdm2C305F mutation significantly accelerated p19Arf deletion-induced lymphomagenesis and promoted rapid metastasis. We found that when p19Arf–Mdm2–p53 and RP–Mdm2–p53 pathways are independently disrupted, oncogenic c-Myc-induced p53 stabilization and activation is only partially attenuated. When both pathways are concurrently disrupted, however, c-Myc-induced p53 stabilization and activation are essentially obliterated. Thus, the p19Arf–Mdm2–p53 and the RP–Mdm2–p53 are non-redundant pathways possessing similar capabilities to activate p53 upon c-Myc overexpression.
Supplementary figures and tables from Post-treatment human papillomavirus antibody kinetics in cervical cancer patients.
Creators: name: Piontek, Till
name: Harmel, Christoph
name: Pawlita, Michael
name: Carow, Katrin
name: Schröter, Juliane
name: Runnebaum, Ingo B.
name: Dürst, Matthias
name: Graw, Frederik
name: Waterboer, Tim
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Antibodies to the E6 and E7 oncoproteins of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types are strongly associated with HPV-driven cancer, while antibodies against the capsid protein L1 are considered cumulative exposure markers. To test the hypothesis that L1 antibody levels are stable over time, whereas E6 and E7 levels undergo decay after cervical cancer (CxCa) treatment, we performed multiplex serology for HPV16 and 18 antigens E6, E7 and L1 in a post-treatment study of 184 patients with invasive CxCa that were characterized with a median follow-up time of 725 days, and 2–12 sera per patient. Antibody titers significantly decreased within the first six months for HPV16 E6 and E7 but not L1, and stabilized for the following 12 months on a high level, with few patients showing seroreversion. Of 67 patients seropositive for HPV16 E6 at diagnosis, 28 (41.8%) showed a decrease in antibody titers of at least 50% within the first 18 months. Similarly, of 50 HPV16 E7 seropositives, 33 (66.0%) showed decreasing antibody levels, whereas antibody decay was less frequent for HPV16 L1 (12 of 47, 25.5%). Using a power-law mathematical model to characterize antibody decay kinetics, the mean (±s.e.) durations to a 50% reduction in antibody titers within individual patients were estimated to be 56.9 (±26.1) and 56.3 (±19.0) days for HPV16 E6 and E7, respectively. In summary, HPV16 E6 and E7 antibodies undergo a slow but significant decrease in antibody titers within the first 6–18 months following CxCa treatment. However, larger studies are needed to confirm the utility of serology for prediction of disease progression and time to relapse based on antibody decay kinetics.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Silent cancer agents: multi-disciplinary modelling of human DNA oncoviruses'.
Stable oncogenic silencing in vivo by programmable and targeted de novo DNA methylation in breast cancer
Creators: name: Stolzenburg, S.
name: Beltran, A. S.
name: Blancafort, P.
name: Swift-Scanlan, T.
name: Rivenbark, A. G.
name: Rashwan, R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: With the recent comprehensive mapping of cancer genomes, there is now a need for functional approaches to edit the aberrant epigenetic state of key cancer drivers to reprogram the epi-pathology of the disease. In this study we utilized a programmable DNA-binding methyltransferase to induce targeted incorporation of DNA methylation (DNAme) in the SOX2 oncogene in breast cancer through a six zinc finger (ZF) protein linked to DNA methyltransferase 3A (ZF-DNMT3A). We demonstrated long-lasting oncogenic repression, which was maintained even after suppression of ZF-DNMT3A expression in tumor cells. The de novo DNAme was faithfully propagated and maintained through cell generations even after the suppression of the expression of the chimeric methyltransferase in the tumor cells. Xenograft studies in NUDE mice demonstrated stable SOX2 repression and long-term breast tumor growth inhibition, which lasted for >100 days post implantation of the tumor cells in mice. This was accompanied with a faithful maintenance of DNAme in the breast cancer implants. In contrast, downregulation of SOX2 by ZF domains engineered with the Krueppel-associated box repressor domain resulted in a transient and reversible suppression of oncogenic gene expression. Our results indicated that targeted de novo DNAme of the SOX2 oncogenic promoter was sufficient to induce long-lasting epigenetic silencing, which was not only maintained during cell division but also significantly delayed the tumorigenic phenotype of cancer cells in vivo, even in the absence of treatment. Here, we outline a genome-based targeting approach to long-lasting tumor growth inhibition with potential applicability to many other oncogenic drivers that are currently refractory to drug design.
Integrated BIM-GIS based design for high energy efficiency hospital buildings
Creators: name: Di Giulio, Roberto
name: Turillazzi, Beatrice
name: Marzi, Luca
name: Pitzianti, Stefania
Publisher: name: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment
Year: 2017

description: The interoperability of the tools for managing and controlling the design process is one of the themes on which research and innovations are focussed in the field of BIM (Building Information Modelling) systems. A strategic objective of the STREAMER research, co-funded by the European Union within the context of the Seventh Framework Programme, is that of defining the tools and methods of designing hospital buildings that allow for a 50% reduction in energy consumption and emissions in large healthcare districts. Contributing to the achievement of this result is the creation of integrated tools, based on BIM and GIS systems, capable of providing an effective backup to the decisions of the various subjects involved in the project and the management of hospital complexes.
description: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, TECHNE 13 (2017): Theories Practice Design
3DMAP-VR: A Project to Visualize Three-dimensional Models of Astrophysical Phenomena in Virtual Reality
Creators: name: Ustamujic, Sabina
name: Orlando, Salvatore
name: Leonardi, Laura
name: Daricello, Laura
name: Pillitteri, Ignazio
name: Bocchino, Fabrizio
name: Miceli, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Astrophysics: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics — Astronomy: data visualization — Astronomy: data analysis — Educational software

description: Three-dimensional (3D) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of astrophysical phenomena represent a challenge in standard data visualization for scientific purposes, for the amount of processed data and a wealth of scientific information they contain. In 2019 we launched 3DMAP-VR (3D Modeling of Astrophysical Phenomena in Virtual Reality), a project aimed at visualizing 3D MHD models of astrophysical simulations, using virtual reality (VR). The workflow combines: accurate 3D MHD simulations performed with parallel numerical codes for astrophysical plasmas, and data analysis and visualization applications to realize VR representation of the astrophysical simulations. Our 3D models are available on Sketchfab, one of the largest open access platforms to publish and share 3D VR and augmented reality content. Here we present the project and some of the resilience activities realized during the Covid-19 crisis: 1) four Sketchfab galleries to illustrate scientific models of astrophysical objects ("Universe in Hands”), artist’s impression of astrophysical phenomena ("The art of astrophysical phenomena”), the science involved in popular Sci-Fi movies ("The science of science fiction”) and the structure of astrophysical objects ("Anatomy of astrophysical objects”); 2) web series (in Italian and English) illustrating selected astrophysical phenomena; 3) a publicly available App (“StarBlast”) which exploits the power of virtual reality for outreach and teaching projects. 3DMAP-VR is also relevant for promoting science, as it gives the public the chance to visit the space as we know it today and directly interact with current scientific data in a fully immersive environment. The project enhances the user involvement allowing interactive and personal choices and direct experiences of astronomical environments and phenomena, offering unique educational opportunities and increasing motivation and understanding of the proposed content.
(400890) William F Gillette
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Exactitude, multiplicity and integration in Information Modelling & Management
Creators: name: Lo Turco, Massimiliano
name: Bocconcino, Maurizio
Publisher: name: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment
Year: 2017

description: The strategies implemented by public and private contracting authorities require a more and more demanding level of management obtained through an ordered and related catalogs of all elements of the design process. Innovative data storage systems and advanced digital tools require specific production practices that are able to integrate the activities of all the actors involved in a building process. Through an analysis of some research and professional experiences, led by the authors, the present contribution offers an overall frame for this new holistic approach, which is supported by methods and tools that strengthen the information content of the design, reduce the errors in the evaluation of time and costs and adhere more to the performance and functional requirements.
description: TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, TECHNE 13 (2017): Theories Practice Design
Fast sporophyte replacement after removal suggests banks of latent microscopic stages of Laminaria ochroleuca (Phaeophyceae) in tide pools in northern Portugal
Creators: name: BARRADAS, Ana
name: ALBERTO, Filipe
name: ENGELEN, Aschwin H.
name: SERRÃO, Ester A.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2011

description: This study investigated the effects of a physical disturbance consisting of the removal of adult kelps (Laminaria ochroleuca Bachelot de la Pylaie) and their corresponding understorey turf assemblage in tide pools in northern Portugal. Vertical plots of 0.25 m2 were scraped in April 2007 in independent tide pools and were monitored one (May) and four (August) months after removal. A rapid sporophyte development was observed in the disturbed plots, attaining mean densities of 40 and 82 young sporophytes.m-2 one and four months after disturbance, respectively. Mean blade lengths in August reached 14.97 ± 7.10 cm. The observed recruitment seemed to be the result of a (resumed) development of microscopic forms present on the substrate in a state of suspended growth. These findings suggest the existence of a bank of microscopic forms capable of replacing populations subject to severe physical disturbances, such as dislodgement by winter storms. Whether such a microscopic bank is mainly composed by spores, gametophytes or early sporophyte stages remains unknown.
Geometry of reduced density matrices for symmetry-protected topological phases
Creators: name: Chen, Ji-Yao
name: Ji, Zhengfeng
name: Liu, Zheng-Xin
name: Shen, Yi
name: Zeng, Bei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study the geometry of reduced density matrices for states with symmetry-protected topological (SPT) order. We observe ruled surface structures on the boundary of the convex set of low dimension projections of the reduced density matrices. In order to signal the SPT order using ruled surfaces, it is important that we add a symmetry-breaking term to the boundary of the system---no ruled surface emerges in systems without boundary or when we add a symmetry-breaking term representing a thermodynamic quantity. Although the ruled surfaces only appear in the thermodynamic limit where the ground-state degeneracy is exact, we analyze the precision of our numerical algorithm and show that a finite system calculation suffices to reveal the ruled surface structures.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Close to published version