cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the formation of hot DQ white dwarfs
Creators: name: Althaus, L. G.
name: García-Berro, E.
name: Córsico, A. H.
name: Bertolami, M. M. Miller
name: Romero, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first full evolutionary calculations aimed at exploring the origin of hot DQ white dwarfs. These calculations consistently cover the whole evolution from the born-again stage to the white dwarf cooling track. Our calculations provide strong support to the diffusive/convective-mixing picture for the formation of hot DQs. We find that the hot DQ stage is a short-lived stage and that the range of effective temperatures where hot DQ stars are found can be accounted for by different masses of residual helium and/or different initial stellar masses. In the frame of this scenario, a correlation between the effective temperature and the surface carbon abundance in DQs should be expected, with the largest carbon abundances expected in the hottest DQs. From our calculations, we suggest that most of the hot DQs could be the cooler descendants of some PG1159 stars characterized by He-rich envelopes markedly smaller than those predicted by the standard theory of stellar evolution. At least for one hot DQ, the high-gravity white dwarf SDSS J142625.70+575218.4, an evolutionary link between this star and the massive PG1159 star H1504+65 is plausible.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. To be published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
title: Symbiose als Begriff und Gegenstand der Soziologie: Für eine Analyse von Biosozialität im Zeitalter des Mikrobioms
Creators: name: Folkers, Andreas
name: Opitz, Sven
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10201 General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories
subject: biotechnology policy
subject: Luhmann, Niklas
subject: Park, Robert E.
subject: autopoiesis

description: Der Begriff der Symbiose steht im Zentrum eines aktuellen Paradigmenwechsels in den Lebenswissenschaften, der die Soziologie sowohl empirisch als auch grundlagentheoretisch herausfordert. Denn in der neuen Aufmerksamkeit für symbiotische Beziehungen zeichnet sich nicht weniger als ein social turn innerhalb der Biologie ab. Darauf muss die Soziologie reagieren, indem sie sich der Symbiose gleichzeitig als Begriff und Gegenstand annimmt: Einerseits ist es an der Zeit, das Symbiosekonzept im Anschluss an ältere und neuere sozialwissenschaftliche Aneignungen (wieder) fester im soziologischen Theoriearsenal zu verankern. Andererseits sollte die Soziologie die Voraussetzungen und Folgen der lebenswissenschaftlichen Symbioseforschung zu einem Untersuchungsgegenstand machen. Es gilt zu analysieren, wie sich angeregt durch biologische Diskurse und biotechnologische Interventionen neue Formen der "(Sym)biopolitik" (Stefan Helmreich) und neue symbiotische Kollektive ergeben.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
Standard Model Without Elementary Scalars And High Energy Lorentz Violation
Creators: name: Anselmi, Damiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If Lorentz symmetry is violated at high energies, interactions that are usually non-renormalizable can become renormalizable by weighted power counting. Recently, a CPT invariant, Lorentz violating extension of the Standard Model containing two scalar-two fermion interactions (which can explain neutrino masses) and four fermion interactions (which can explain proton decay) was proposed. In this paper we consider a variant of this model, obtained suppressing the elementary scalar fields, and argue that it can reproduce the known low energy physics. In the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio spirit, we show, using a large N_c expansion, that a dynamical symmetry breaking takes place. The effective potential has a Lorentz invariant minimum and the Lorentz violation does not reverberate down to low energies. The mechanism generates fermion masses, gauge-boson masses and scalar bound states, to be identified with composite Higgs bosons. Our approach is not plagued by the ambiguities of approaches based on non-renormalizable vertices. The low-energy effective action is uniquely determined and predicts relations among parameters of the Standard Model.
description: 26 pages
title: Gender Bias in Bewertungsdiskursen und -praktiken wissenschaftlicher Leistungen
Creators: name: Wolffram, Andrea
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10220 Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Research on Science and Technology
subject: 20200 Women´s Studies, Feminist Studies, Gender Studies
subject: science
subject: career
subject: equal opportunity
subject: gender-specific factors
subject: Federal Republic of Germany

description: Wissenschaftliche Exzellenz wird im Zuge von Bewertungsprozessen von Wissenschaftler/-innen in Auswahlverfahren und bei der Nachwuchsförderung konkretisiert. Aber wie konstruieren und reflektieren Wissenschaftler/-innen Exzellenz und wie werden diese Ideen von Exzellenz geschlechterdifferenzierend praktiziert? Um dies zu untersuchen, wurden Interviews mit Wissenschaftler/-innen einer deutschen Universität in verschiedenen Phasen einer wissenschaftlichen Karriere durchgeführt. Die Erzählungen zeigen verschiedene Aspekte, die den Exzellenzdiskurs entscheidend prägen und die Normen des "idealen Wissenschaftlers" stabilisieren. Es wird gezeigt, wie Exzellenz mit ihrer engen Verbindung zum Konzept des "idealen Wissenschaftlers" zur Chancenungleichheit in der Wissenschaft beiträgt, indem Gender und Exzellenz als soziale Ko-Konstruktionen im Arbeitsalltag von Wissenschaftler/-innen und in Auswahlverfahren hergestellt werden.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
Electric control of collective atomic coherence in an Erbium doped solid
Creators: name: Minář, Jiří
name: Lauritzen, Björn
name: de Riedmatten, Hugues
name: Afzelius, Mikael
name: Simon, Christoph
name: Gisin, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate fast and accurate control of the evolution of collective atomic coherences in an Erbium doped solid using external electric fields. This is achieved by controlling the inhomogeneous broadening of Erbium ions emitting at 1536 nm using an electric field gradient and the linear Stark effect. The manipulation of atomic coherence is characterized with the collective spontaneous emission (optical free induction decay) emitted by the sample after an optical excitation, which does not require any previous preparation of the atoms. We show that controlled dephasing and rephasing of the atoms by the electric field result in collapses and revivals of the optical free induction decay. Our results show that the use of external electric fields does not introduce any substantial additional decoherence and enables the manipulation of collective atomic coherence with a very high degree of precision on the time scale of tens of ns. This provides an interesting resource for photonic quantum state storage and quantum state manipulation.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
title: Ethnographisches Wissen: Inwiefern das Globale immer schon da ist und das Lokale zur Genauigkeit zwingt
Creators: name: Poferl, Angelika
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: globalization
subject: ethnography

description: Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach ethnographischem Wissen unter Bedingungen der Globalisierung nach. Die These lautet: Einerseits kann ethnographische Forschung in einer globalisierten Welt nicht von der Durchdringung des Sozialen durch globale Prozesse und Strukturbedingungen absehen (insofern ist 'das Globale' immer schon 'da'). Andererseits löst sich dadurch die Bedeutung des Lokalen keineswegs auf. Die Ausrichtung auf lokale Gegebenheiten wird im Gegenteil zur Voraussetzung jeder Forschung, die sich nicht auf großformatige makrosoziologische Diagnosen beschränken, sondern die Spezifika und Besonderheiten jeweils einzelner Situationen, Handlungs- und Erfahrungsräume herausarbeiten und von dort aus Erkenntnisse über soziale Wirklichkeit und den Wandel von Gesellschaft gewinnen will (insofern ist es 'das Lokale', das 'zur Genauigkeit zwingt'). Die Rede vom 'Globalen' oder 'Lokalen' ist metaphorisch; in beiden Fällen handelt es sich um räumliche Kategorisierungen, deren Grenzen nicht substanziell festgelegt sind - mit Ausnahme der Welt als globus, dessen maximale Ausdehnung tatsächlich planetarisch begrenzt ist. In den Begrifflichkeiten spiegeln sich gleichwohl Problemstellungen, die theoretisch-konzeptionell voraussetzungs- und methodologisch folgenreich sind: Was heißt es, von Dimensionen des Globalen bzw. von der globalen und lokalen Dimension des Sozialen zu sprechen, und was ergibt sich daraus für die Analyse? Im ersten Schritt wird dazu auf die sozial- und kulturwissenschaftliche Globalisierungsforschung eingegangen. Im Anschluss daran werden einige kategoriale und methodische Herausforderungen für ethnographisches Wissen beleuchtet, wobei insbesondere die Unterscheidung von Welt als 'globus' und als 'mundus' sowie das Verhältnis von 'Welt' und 'Feld' im Vordergrund steht. Die Implikationen für ethnographische Forschung in einer globalisierten Welt werden abschließend an einem Beispiel illustriert.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
title: Improving quality of newborn care at scale through quality improvement: evaluation of the Safe Care Saving Lives programme in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India.
Creators: name: Zamboni, K
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 2021

description: Background: Approximately 1 million newborn deaths could be prevented each year through high quality health systems. Quality improvement collaboratives, involving group problem-solving in health facilities and sharing of learning across teams, are a widely used strategy to improve quality. However, rigorous evaluations are scarce; contextual influences and mechanisms of change are poorly understood, and the feasibility of using this strategy at scale is underexplored. Methods: I conducted a systematic review to understand how and under what circumstances quality improvement collaboratives may improve outcomes. I also evaluated the Safe Care Saving Lives programme, a quality improvement collaborative to reduce stillbirths and newborn mortality in 60 hospitals in Telangana and Andhra Pradesh, India. Using mixed methods, I evaluated impact on stillbirths and newborn mortality; contextual influences and mechanisms of change; and the feasibility of scaling up quality improvement through the state-level health insurance scheme which participating hospitals were part of. Results: Quality improvement collaboratives may affect outcomes through the normalisation of new behaviours and ways of working among clinical teams, supported by leaders. The evaluation of Safe Care Saving Lives found no effect on stillbirths and newborn mortality; high attrition in programme implementation due to the challenge of engaging leaders in quality improvement, and diluted implementation of the quality improvement collaborative approach. Scaling up the collaborative quality improvement approach through the state health insurance scheme in Telangana was not feasible. Barriers included limited coherence between the approach and the quality policy framework, and the limited scope of leveraging health insurance payments as incentives for quality in newborn care. Conclusion: this PhD highlights the limitations of quality improvement at facility level. Design of quality improvement should better consider strategies to engage leaders and respond to the needs of clinical teams, using formative research and theory of change. Greater coherence between quality improvement and other reform for quality in the health systems can aid improvement of newborn care at scale.
Scanning tunneling microscopy and kinetic Monte Carlo investigation of Cesium superlattices on Ag(111)
Creators: name: Ziegler, M.
name: Kroeger, J.
name: Berndt, R.
name: Filinov, A.
name: Bonitz, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cesium adsorption structures on Ag(111) were characterized in a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy experiment. At low coverages, atomic resolution of individual Cs atoms is occasionally suppressed in regions of an otherwise hexagonally ordered adsorbate film on terraces. Close to step edges Cs atoms appear as elongated protrusions along the step edge direction. At higher coverages, Cs superstructures with atomically resolved hexagonal lattices are observed. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations model the observed adsorbate structures on a qualitative level.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
The scattering problem in non-equilibrium quasiclassical theory of metals and superconductors: general boundary conditions and applications
Creators: name: Eschrig, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I derive a general set of boundary conditions for quasiclassical transport theory of metals and superconductors that is valid for equilibrium and non-equilibrium situations and includes multi-band systems, weakly and strongly spin-polarized systems, and disordered systems. The formulation is in terms of the normal state scattering matrix. Various special cases for boundary conditions are known in the literature, that are however limited to either equilibrium situations or single band systems. The present formulation unifies and extends all these results. In this paper I will present the general theory in terms of coherence functions and distribution functions and demonstrate its use by applying it to the problem of spin-active interfaces in superconducting devices and the case of superconductor/half-metal interface scattering.
description: 23 pages, 11 figures, typos corrected, font changes, Ref.31b added
Hot Phonons in an Electrically Biased Graphene Constriction
Creators: name: Chae, Dong-Hun
name: Krauss, Benjamin
name: von Klitzing, Klaus
name: Smet, Jurgen H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phonon carrier interactions can have significant impact on device performance. They can be probed by measuring the phonon lifetime, which reflects the interaction strength of a phonon with other quasi-particles in particular charge carriers as well as its companion phonons. The carrier phonon and phonon-phonon contributions to the phonon lifetime can be disentangled from temperature dependent studies. Here, we address the importance of phonon carrier interactions in Joule-heated graphene constrictions in order to contribute to the understanding of energy dissipation in graphene based electronic devices. We demonstrate that gapless graphene grants electron phonon interactions uncommon significance in particular at low carrier density. In conventional semiconductors, the bandgap usually prevents the decay of phonons through electron-hole generation and also in metals or other semimetals the Fermi temperature is excessively large to enter the regime where electron phonon coupling plays such a dominant role as in graphene in the investigated phonon temperature regime from 300 to 1600 K.
description: Nano Letters (Web publication on 30th Dec. 2009, DOI:10.1021/nl903167f)
Supplementary document for Photoacoustic Brillouin spectroscopy of gas-filled anti-resonant hollow-core optical fibers - 5142130.pdf
Creators: name: Zhao, Yan
name: Qi, Yun
name: HO, HOI LUT
name: Gao, Shoufei
name: Wang, Yingying
name: Jin, Wei
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplement 1
title: Stile des Lebens 2.0: Zur Genese und Struktur querläufiger Vergesellschaftung
Creators: name: Müller, Michael Rudolf
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10219 Sociology of Knowledge
subject: globalization
subject: individualization
subject: cultural sociology
subject: mediatization
subject: life style
subject: socialization
subject: sociology of knowledge
subject: social media

description: Mit dem Begriff der querläufigen Vergesellschaftung hat F. Tenbruck auf die soziologische Möglichkeit und Wahrscheinlichkeit hingewiesen, dass in wohl allen historischen Zeiten mannigfache Vergesellschaftungsprozesse quer über bestehende Kulturen und Gesellschaften und deren Binnenstrukturen hinweg verlaufen. Der vorliegende Aufsatz thematisiert einen begrenzten, gegenwartsdiagnostisch aber zentralen Teilausschnitt aus dem facettenreichen Spektrum solch querläufiger Vergesellschaftungsprozesse: Er fokussiert Lebensstilbildungen und Stilisierungspraktiken, die durch den routinierten Einbezug medientechnischer Ausdrucksformen und damit durch eine markante Verknüpfung lokaler, medialer und gegebenenfalls medienglobaler Aktivitätszentren (sites) gekennzeichnet sind. Grundlegend für den Aufsatz ist die in Anlehnung an G. Simmel und H.-G. Soeffner formulierte Annahme, dass sich mit der Mediatisierung personaler Stilbildungen und Stilisierungspraktiken die soziale Dynamik und gesellschaftliche Bedeutung der auf Abgrenzung basierenden Vergesellschaftungsform 'Lebensstil' deutlich verändern. Dies betrifft insbesondere (1) die soziale Gestalt und gesellschaftliche Sichtbarkeit jeweiliger Stilgemeinschaften, (2) deren Distanzierungspraktiken sowie (3) die Genese neuer Techniken der Imagepflege und die Ausformung aparter Bewährungsordnungen inmitten oder neben den institutionellen Strukturen des Alltagslebens. Der Annahme einer funktionalen Ausrichtung globaler Mediensysteme auf gesellschaftliche Integration (global village-These) stellt der Aufsatz schließlich die wissenssoziologische Frage nach der Genese relativ neuartiger kommunikativer Prozesse und symbolischer Formen gesellschaftlicher Selbst- und Fremdausgrenzung gegenüber.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
Constraining white-dwarf kicks in globular clusters : IV. Retarding Core Collapse
Creators: name: Heyl, Jeremy S.
name: Penrice, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of white dwarfs in the globular clusters NGC 6397 and Omega Centauri indicate that these stars may get a velocity kick during their time as giants. If the mass loss while on the asymptotic giant branch is slightly asymmetric, the resulting white dwarf could be born with such a velocity kick. These energetic white dwarfs will impart their excess energy on other stars as they travel through the cluster. A Monte-Carlo simulation of the white-dwarfs kicks combined with estimate of the phase-space diffusion of the white dwarfs reveals that as the white dwarfs equilibrate, they lose most of their energy in the central region of the cluster. They could possibly augment the effect of binaries, delaying core collapse or increasing the size of globular cluster cores.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, changes to reflect version accepted to MNRAS
Time delays in PG1115+080: new estimates
Creators: name: Vakulik, V. G.
name: Shulga, V. M.
name: Schild, R. E.
name: Tsvetkova, V. S.
name: Dudinov, V. N.
name: Minakov, A. A.
name: Nuritdinov, S. N.
name: Artamonov, B. P.
name: Kochetov, A. Ye.
name: Smirnov, G. V.
name: Sergeyev, A. A.
name: Konichek, V. V.
name: Sinelnikov, I. Ye.
name: Bruevich, V. V.
name: Akhunov, T.
name: Burkhonov, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report new estimates of the time delays in the quadruple gravitationally lensed quasar PG1115+080, obtained from the monitoring data in filter R with the 1.5-m telescope at the Maidanak Mountain (Uzbekistan, Central Asia) in 2004-2006. The time delays are 16.4 days between images C and B, and 12 days between C and A1+A2, with image C being leading for both pairs. The only known estimates of the time delays in PG1115 are those based on observations by Schechter et al. (1997) -- 23.7 and 9.4 days between images C and B, C and A1+A2, respectively, as calculated by Schechter et al., and 25 and 13.3 days as revised by Barkana (1997) for the same image components with the use of another method. The new values of time delays in PG 1115+080 may be expected to provide larger estimates of the Hubble constant thus decreasing a diversity between the H_0 estimates taken from gravitationally lensed quasars and with other methods.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters
Large Scale Prediction with Decision Trees
Creators: name: Klusowski, Jason M.
name: Tian, Peter M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: This paper shows that decision trees constructed with Classification and Regression Trees (CART) and C4.5 methodology are consistent for regression and classification tasks, even when the number of predictor variables grows sub-exponentially with the sample size, under natural 0-norm and 1-norm sparsity constraints. The theory applies to a wide range of models, including (ordinary or logistic) additive regression models with component functions that are continuous, of bounded variation, or, more generally, Borel measurable. Consistency holds for arbitrary joint distributions of the predictor variables, thereby accommodating continuous, discrete, and/or dependent data. Finally, we show that these qualitative properties of individual trees are inherited by Breiman’s random forests. A key step in the analysis is the establishment of an oracle inequality, which allows for a precise characterization of the goodness-of-fit and complexity tradeoff for a mis-specified model.
title: Materielle Gegenpraktiken zu Big Data: Widerständige Metaphern und Netzwerke
Creators: name: Paehr, Isabel
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10220 Sociology of Science, Sociology of Technology, Research on Science and Technology
subject: art
subject: technology
subject: metaphor
subject: new media
subject: network

description: Big Data-Technologien werden eingesetzt, um große Datenmengen zu generieren, in ihnen Muster zu erkennen und quantitativ begründete Ergebnisse hervorzubringen. Dabei beruhen Big Data-Algorithmen nicht nur auf Identität als statisch, heteronormativ und rassifiziert, sondern strukturieren Identitäten nach diesen Parametern. Die Blindheit dieser Algorithmen gegenüber verketteten und wechselnden Pseudoidentitäten nutzen aktivistische Coder*innen, um widerständige Technologien und Metaphern jenseits von Sichtbarkeit und Statik zu entwickeln. Sie tauschen IPs, verunreinigen Datensätze und entziehen sich dem indexierten Internet. Durch Blockchain-Technologie verketten sie verifizierte verschlüsselte Datensätze und implementieren Dezentralisierung und Anonymisierung als Grundwerte für alternative Handels- und Netzstrukturen. Diese fortlaufenden Entwicklungen und Performances bedrohen Big Data gestützte Regierungsformen und entziehen ihnen in digitalen Räumen ihre Reglementierungsmechanismen wie die datengestützte Kriminalisierung von spezifischen Akteuren. Während privilegierte User*innen Zugriff auf alternative Technologien haben, nimmt die von Begehren nach Kontrolle und Linearität gesteuerte Massenüberwachung, aus der sich Big Data speist und die durch Big Data-Algorithmen verstärkt wird, zu. Besorgniserregend sind versuchte Gleichschaltungen von menschlichen Körpern und deren digitalen Performances: Verifizierungs- und Identifizierungsprozesse werden ohne die Zustimmung von Bürger*innen mit Fingerabdrucks- und Gesichtserkennungssoftware verzahnt. Selbst wenn Aktivist*innen physische Vollverschleierung als widerständige Taktik in öffentlichen Räumen ernst nehmen würden, ist sie in vielen Staaten strafbar. Aktivistische Coder*innen stehen vor inhärent queeren Fragen: Wie löse ich (m)einen Körper von den ihm zugeschriebenen Signifikanten? Können Körper sich, durch die online von aktivistischen Coder*innen erprobten Praktiken, als intelligente Materialien von soziokulturellen Zuschreibungen und algorithmischen Projektionen emanzipieren? Ich (Visuelle Kommunikation, Kunsthochschule Kassel, MA) zeige Beispiele widerständiger (Code-)Praktiken und diskutiere Möglichkeiten für Körper, widerständig zu agieren.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
Standing gravitational waves from domain walls
Creators: name: Gogberashvili, Merab
name: Myrzakul, Shynaray
name: Singleton, Douglas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a plane symmetric, standing gravitational wave for a domain wall plus a massless scalar field. The scalar field can be associated with a fluid which has the properties of `stiff' matter, i.e. matter in which the speed of sound equals the speed of light. Although domain walls are observationally ruled out in the present era the solution has interesting features which might shed light on the character of exact non-linear wave solutions to Einstein's equations. Additionally this solution may act as a template for higher dimensional 'brane-world' model standing waves.
description: 4 pages two-column format, no figures, added discussion of physical meaning of solution, added refernces, to be published PRD
Land use, price changes and speculation on the urban fringe: an inter-temporal case study in the Victoria area, B.C.
Creators: name: Kropinski, George Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The price of urban and suburban land in most of the Western World has been increasing at a particularly-rapid rate. In fact, land value increases appear to be consistenty and disproportionately greater than the rise in either general consumer prices or costs of residential construction. Raw land values are an important element influencing both the quality and quantity of housing made available, and as such, constitute a relevant social concern. Furthermore, land values, to a certain extent dictate the type of development that an urban area undergoes. Land speculators have frequently been blamed for causing, or at least contributing to, not only these price increases but also the sprawl-like, pattern of development so often associated with urban peripheral areas. This thesis attempts to test the validity of these claims by analyzing data from a specific inter-temporal study of land uses price changes and land values in an urban fringe environment. The community selected for this study was the Municipality of Saanich, which is located immediately north of the City of Victoria, British Columbia. Over 2600 separate properties were sampled, with considerable amounts of data for each – including such inputs as the changing selling prices, holding periods and development information -- that were obtained through the municipal assessment roles and the searching of titles in the land registry office. The time horizon selected was 21 years (1949-1970) in order to encompass several stages of business activity. A special computer program using elements of multi-variate analysis assembled the various inputs into a workable format, whence portions of the data could be further analyzed and compared. It is suggested that the level of transactions and the increasing average raw land values have been influenced by both public and private actions in response to the continuing urbanization of the Victoria area. This study further contends that land speculation per se has not exerted a significant influence either on land prices or on the actual pattern of development in the study area. Population pressures and rising levels of per capita incomes are suggested as being factors of more significance in this context.
Título del producto: Irregularidades en el funcionamiento de una PTAR y sus impactos ambientales a partir de una revisión sistemática de literatura.
Creators: name: Fonseca, Julian Andres Fonseca
name: Jimenez, Jhonatan Estiven Martinez
name: Alvarez, Kevin Esteban Sarmiento
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: PTAR, mal funcionamiento, impactos ambientales

description: Analisis de los factores que detonan un mal funcionamiento en las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales por medio de una revision sistematica
Selected challenges in low-energy QCD and hadron physics
Creators: name: Weise, Wolfram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This presentation briefly addresses three basic issues of low-energy QCD: first, whether the Nambu-Goldstone scenario of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking is well established; secondly, whether there is a dynamical entanglement of the chiral and deconfinement crossover transitions in QCD; and thirdly, what is the status of knowledge about the phase diagram of QCD at low temperature and non-zero baryon density. These three topics were injected as key words into a panel discussion at the Schladming school on Challenges in QCD. The following exposition reflects the style and character of the discussions, with no claim of completeness.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures, 4th Winter School on Fundamental Challenges of QCD, Schladming 2009
On the formation of Lyman $α$ emission from resonantly scattered continuum photons of GRB's afterglow
Creators: name: Xu, Wen
name: Wu, Xiang-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the formation and evolution of the spectral imprint of resonantly scattered Lyman $α$ photons in the context of GRB's continuum optical afterglow. Based on an analytic model and a complete treatment of all the scatterings using Monte Carlo simulations, we found that the flux of the Ly$α$ emission is mainly contributed by photons which are scattered only once. The flux is of order $10^{-4}$ to $10^{-9}$ relative to the undecayed maximum flux of the transmitted continuum, making the feature negligible but potentially observable. If not obscured by host galaxy's DLA or intergalactic neutral hydrogen, the feature may appear sometime from one hour to several years when the directly transmitted light has faded away.This scattered emission feature can be distinguished from Ly$α$ photons of other origins by its luminosity evolution, and by its gradual narrowing of profile with time. The typical time scale for spectral variance is that of the light crossing time of a hydrogen clump close to the GRB.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
title: Risiken der Assimilation sozialer an ökologische Problemstellungen
Creators: name: Lorenz, Stephan
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10299 Other Fields of Sociology
subject: industrial society
subject: capitalism
subject: naturalism
subject: environmental sociology
subject: social inequality
subject: social issue

description: Es ist nicht sofort ersichtlich, warum die ökologische als soziale Frage betrachtet werden sollte, wenn es sich doch um sehr unterschiedliche Phänomene handelt und die Soziale Frage - des 19. Jahrhunderts - zum Zeitpunkt des Wahrnehmens der ökologischen - um 1970 - sogar in den Hintergrund tritt. Beides sollte deshalb nicht zu schnell verknüpft werden. Die zentrale These des Beitrags besagt vielmehr, dass es systematische Unterschiede gibt und dass diese sehr genau herausgearbeitet werden müssen, bevor Analysen von Zusammenhängen zu weiterführenden Einsichten verhelfen können. Die Unterschiede werden zuerst empirisch-exemplarisch plausibilisiert: Da es Beispiele sowohl dafür gibt, dass sich soziale und ökologische Probleme wechselseitig (positiv oder negativ) verstärken, als auch dafür, dass sie sich konflikthaft entgegenstehen, ist davon auszugehen, dass es sich um voneinander unabhängige - und deshalb 'kombinierbare' - Problemstrukturen handelt. Analytisch muss sogar davor gewarnt werden, soziale und ökologische Probleme gewissermaßen kurzzuschließen, weil dies in naturalistische Fehlschlüsse führen kann, was an der Debatte um "Planetare Grenzen" veranschaulicht wird. Das stellt auch die Theorien der Umweltsoziologie vor neue Aufgaben, die sich zu sehr auf die Verbindungsmöglichkeiten sozialer und ökologischer Fragen fokussiert. Die hier vorgeschlagene analytische Unterscheidung stützt sich sodann auf gesellschaftstheoretische Perspektiven: Kapitalismusanalysen adressieren vor allem die Soziale Frage, während sich die Analyse ökologischer Probleme primär auf die Gesellschaft als Industriegesellschaft stützt. Kapitalismus und Industriegesellschaft folgen analytisch je eigenen Entwicklungsmustern, wenngleich sie empirisch - in der einen Welt - offensichtlich zusammenwirken. Das heißt aber nicht, dass die Empirie die Differenz wieder einebnen kann. Die Konsequenz ist vielmehr, so der konzeptuelle Vorschlag als Fazit, dass empirisch den Übersetzungen der einen in die jeweils anderen Problemkonstellationen und Antriebe nachzugehen ist.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
title: Über den Wandel des Politischen: Die Demokratie im Zangengriff von autoritärem Populismus und autoritärem Kapitalismus
Creators: name: Dyk, Silke Van
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10504 Political Process, Elections, Political Sociology, Political Culture
subject: democracy
subject: social inequality
subject: populism
subject: political right
subject: political development
subject: right-wing radicalism

description: Mit dem Brexit-Votum, dem Wahlsieg Donald Trumps, der Regierungsbeteiligung der FPÖ oder dem Erstarken der AfD in Deutschland tritt mit aller Dringlichkeit vor Augen, dass rechtspopulistische und nationalistische Kräfte auf dem Vormarsch sind. Die sich gegenwärtig manifestierende Krise der repräsentativen Demokratie ist jedoch nur halb zu verstehen, wenn der Blick einseitig auf die Kräfte des autoritären Populismus gerichtet wird. Die Demokratie der Gegenwart wird vielmehr im Zangengriff von autoritärem Populismus und autoritärem Kapitalismus herausgefordert, denn die liberale Markttechnokratie ist ebenso wie der autoritäre Populismus radikal antipluralistisch: Wo der populistische Politiker behauptet den Willen des Volkes zu verkörpern, präsentiert sich der liberale Politiker als Übersetzer der Einheitsalternative des Marktes. Demokratie zerstörend ist dabei nicht nur das Postulat der Alternativlosigkeit, das im Sinne der Marktlogik den für die Demokratie zentralen politischen Streit, wie Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft organisiert sein sollen, stillstellt; die seit Jahrzehnten in den frühindustrialisierten Ländern zunehmende soziale Ungleichheit überträgt sich zudem auf das politische System: Menschen mit geringen ökonomischen und Bildungsressourcen beteiligen sich signifikant seltener an Wahlen und nehmen noch seltener an anderen politischen Aktivitäten teil. Das Vorhaben des Beitrags, den demokratiegefährdenden Zangengriff von autoritärem Populismus und autoritärem Kapitalismus zu analysieren, soll dabei nicht auf ein einfaches Ableitungsverhältnis hinauslaufen, wie es in Erklärungsversuchen des Rechtspopulismus derzeit vermehrt zu beobachten ist: Die Annahme, der autoritäre Populismus sei eine 'einfache' Rebellion bzw. Notwehr der ökonomisch Abgehängten, negiert die komplexen Bedingungsfaktoren und die eigenständige Bedeutung rassistischer Ideologeme und führt deshalb - so das zentrale Argument des Beitrags - ebenso in eine Sackgasse wie die Ausblendung der sozio-ökonomischen Kontextbedingungen der Demokratiekrise.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
Noise-Immune Conjugate Large-Area Atom Interferometers
Creators: name: Herrmann, Sven
name: Chiow, Sheng-wey
name: Chu, Steven
name: Mueller, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a pair of simultaneous conjugate Ramsey-Borde atom interferometers (SCI) using large (20\hbar k)-momentum transfer (LMT) beam splitters, where \hbar k is the photon momentum. Simultaneous operation allows for common-mode rejection of vibrational noise. This allows us to surpass the enclosed space-time area of previous interferometers with a splitting of 20\hbar k by a factor of 2,500. Among applications, we demonstrate a 3.4 ppb resolution in the fine structure constant and discuss tests of fundamental laws of physics.
description: 4 pages revtex, 5 figures
The Dark Side of the Electroweak Phase Transition
Creators: name: Das, Subinoy
name: Fox, Patrick J.
name: Kumar, Abhishek
name: Weiner, Neal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent data from cosmic ray experiments may be explained by a new GeV scale of physics. In addition the fine-tuning of supersymmetric models may be alleviated by new O(GeV) states into which the Higgs boson could decay. The presence of these new, light states can affect early universe cosmology. We explore the consequences of a light (~ GeV) scalar on the electroweak phase transition. We find that trilinear interactions between the light state and the Higgs can allow a first order electroweak phase transition and a Higgs mass consistent with experimental bounds, which may allow electroweak baryogenesis to explain the cosmological baryon asymmetry. We show, within the context of a specific supersymmetric model, how the physics responsible for the first order phase transition may also be responsible for the recent cosmic ray excesses of PAMELA, FERMI etc. We consider the production of gravity waves from this transition and the possible detectability at LISA and BBO.
Reconsidering conscious and unconscious aspects of thinking in teaching students how to think
Creators: name: Kuldas, Seffetullah
name: Allahyar, Negah
name: Hashim, Shahabuddin
name: Nizam Ismail, Hairul
name: Ali Samsudin, Mohd
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 520102
subject: Educational psychology
classificationCode: 390306
subject: Secondary education
classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 520401
subject: Cognition

description: This article argues that unconscious thought processes should be taken into account to better understand what thinking means and how thinking works. Focusing solely on how conscious thought processes interfere with
understanding prevents teachers from effectively teaching secondary and higher education students how to think. A review of the literature shows general consensus that the unconscious thought processes associated with negative
emotional states and desire-based motivations often obstruct conscious thinking. Further studies addressing such unconscious effects would enhance general understanding of these processes and help teachers recognize how the unconscious facilitates or inhibits conscious learning and task performance.
Piezoelectric exciton-acoustic phonon coupling in single quantum dots
Creators: name: Sarkar, D.
name: van der Meulen, H. P.
name: Calleja, J. M.
name: Meyer, J. M.
name: Haug, R. J.
name: Pierz, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Micro-photoluminescence spectroscopy at variable temperature, excitation intensity and energy was performed on a single InAs/AlAs self-assembled quantum dot. The exciton emission line (zero-phonon line, ZPL) exhibits a broad sideband due to exciton-acoustic phonon coupling by the deformation potential mechanism. Additionally, narrow low-energy sidebands at about 0.25 meV of the ZPL are attributed to exciton-acoustic phonon piezoelectric coupling. In lowering the excitation energy or intensity these bands gradually dominate the emission spectrum of the quantum dot while the ZPL disappears. At high excitation intensity the sidebands due to piezoelectric coupling decrease strongly and the ZPL dominates the spectrum as a consequence of screening of the piezoelectric coupling by the photocreated free carriers.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
title: Kausalität, Wahrscheinlichkeit und Verstehen: Der Einfluss des Physiologen Johannes von Kries auf die Wissenschaftslehre Max Webers
Creators: name: Neumann, Martin
Publisher: name: SSOAR -   GESIS Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 10201 General Sociology, Basic Research, General Concepts and History of Sociology, Sociological Theories
subject: Weber, Max
subject: causal analysis
subject: probability
subject: understanding

description: In diesem Beitrag soll der Hintergrund von Webers Rezeption der Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie, die Theorie der objektiven Möglichkeit des Physiologen Johannes von Kries, die sogenannte Spielraumtheorie näher beleuchtet werden. Insbesondere soll dabei auf juristische Anwendungen dieses Wahrscheinlichkeitskonzeptes eingegangen werden und wie sich Weber dies für eine Methodologie historischer Kausalanalyse zunutze machte. Vor dem Hintergrund der Neukantianischen Philosophie von Erkenntnis als Begriffsbestimmung ordnete von Kries den Begriff der objektiven Möglichkeit in eine Theorie unscharfer Begriffe ein. Dieses Konzept hat in der Rechtswissenschaft Anwendung gefunden als als Theorie der adäquaten Verursachung. Diese Methodik ist wiederum von Max Weber zur Untersuchung historischer Kausalzusammenhänge aufgegriffen worden. Adäquate Ursachen sind solche, in denen die Geschichte einen anderen Verlauf hätte nehmen können. Hierzu bedient sich Weber der kontrafaktischen Analyse, wie sie in der Rechtswissenschaft entwickelt worden ist, um historische Kausalzusammenhänge zu studieren.
description: Komplexe Dynamiken globaler und lokaler Entwicklungen: Verhandlungen des 39. Kongresses der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Soziologie in Göttingen 2018
Integration in the forest industry of British Columbia
Creators: name: Robinson, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Integration in the forest industry of British Columbia is a complex phenomenon. Its history is almost as long as that of the industry itself. The industry is multi-faceted, with many spheres of concern and activity, and the process of integration has necessarily been a highly differentiated one. Characteristically, it has developed at different rates and to different degrees in and between each of the various sectors of activity. This thesis will examine the growth of integration in the forest industry of British Columbia and will inquire into the fundamental factors of influence in the development of this phenomenon. The terminology applied to the various types of integration is reasonably standard and self explanatory. However, for the sake of clarity and since the industry is a complex one, it is appropriate to discuss the precise application of these terms in this thesis. There are four basic components of the British Columbia forest industry—forestry, harvesting, conversion, and marketing. Only the first of these functions remains substantially outside the private domain, and in consequence of this, timber control is generally treated as a function in itself. Within each of these sectors one finds the process of horizontal integration whereby like entities become amalgamated. This is generally referred to as concentration or as consolidation. In the conversion or manufacturing sector, activity is sufficiently differentiated by output that four major product groups may be identified—lumber, shingles, plywood, and wood pulp. Integration between these sectors is vertical integration. Integration between any of the four functions in the industry (e.g. logging, conversion, etc.) is referred to as vertical integration. It involves the inclusion of two or more industry functions within a single corporate structure. Not all integration is corporate however, and various forms of cooperative integration are prevalent throughout the industry. This is an extremely important aspect of industry structure, and it is found in harvesting (contract logging), conversion (log exchange, residue sales), and marketing (consortium selling.) The major environmental forces acting upon the industry lie in three principal areas—the nature of the raw material base, the activities of government, and the nature of the market environment. Their influences upon integration have always been a combination of pressure and facilitation. Government, for instance, has introduced forest utilization regulations and large-scale and semi-permanent tenures. The former development has put great pressure on firms to integrate, while the latter has facilitated the formation of large-scale manufacturing operations. In marketing, competitive pressures have stimulated integration of many types, while the consolidation of channels and growth of markets have facilitated forward integration into this phase of activity.
The first Alexander Z[Z]-modules of surface-links and of virtual links
Creators: name: Kawauchi, Akio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57Q35, 57Q45

description: We characterize the first Alexander Z[Z]-modules of ribbon surface-links in the 4-sphere fixing the number of components and the total genus, and then the first Alexander Z[Z]-modules of surface-links in the 4-sphere fixing the number of components. Using the result of ribbon torus-links, we also characterize the first Alexander Z[Z]-modules of virtual links fixing the number of components. For a general surface-link, an estimate of the total genus is given in terms of the first Alexander Z[Z]-module. We show a graded structure on the first Alexander Z[Z]-modules of all surface-links and then a graded structure on the first Alexander Z[Z]-modules of classical links, surface-links and higher-dimensional manifold-links.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology Monographs on 29 April 2008