cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Making precise predictions of the Casimir force between metallic plates via a weighted Kramers-Kronig transform
Creators: name: Bimonte, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility of making precise predictions for the Casimir force is essential for the theoretical interpretation of current precision experiments on the thermal Casimir effect with metallic plates, especially for sub-micron separations. For this purpose it is necessary to estimate very accurately the dielectric function of a conductor along the imaginary frequency axis. This task is complicated in the case of ohmic conductors, because optical data do not usually extend to sufficiently low frequencies to permit an accurate evaluation of the standard Kramers-Kronig integral used to compute $ε(i ξ)$. By making important improvements in the results of a previous paper by the author, it is shown that this difficulty can be resolved by considering suitable weighted dispersions relations, which strongly suppress the contribution of low frequencies. The weighted dispersion formulae presented in this paper permit to estimate accurately the dielectric function of ohmic conductors for imaginary frequencies, on the basis of optical data extending from the IR to the UV, with no need of uncontrolled data extrapolations towards zero frequency that are instead necessary with standard Kramers-Kronig relations. Applications to several sets of data for gold films are presented to demonstrate viability of the new dispersion formulae.
description: 18 pages, 15 encapsulated figures. In the revised version important improvements have been made, which affect the main conclusions of the paper
Bulk viscosity of spin-one color superconducting strange quark matter
Creators: name: Wang, Xinyang
name: Shovkovy, Igor A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bulk viscosity in spin-one color-superconducting strange quark matter is calculated by taking into account the interplay between the nonleptonic and semi-leptonic week processes. In agreement with previous studies, it is found that the inclusion of the semi-leptonic processes may result in non-negligible corrections to the bulk viscosity in a narrow window of temperatures. The effect is generally more pronounced for pulsars with longer periods. Compared to the normal phase, however, this effect due to the semi-leptonic processes is less pronounced in spin-one color superconductors. Assuming that the critical temperature of the phase transition is much larger than 40 keV, the main effect of spin-one color superconductivity in a wide range of temperatures is an overall increase of the bulk viscosity with respect to the normal phase. The corresponding enhancement factor reaches up to about 9 in the polar and A-phases, about 25 in the planar phase and about 29 in the CSL phase. This factor is determined by the suppression of the nonleptonic rate in color-superconducting matter and, therefore, may be even larger if all quark quasiparticles happen to be gapped.
description: 10 pages, 4 multi-panel figures, including one new in the final version
Substrate rigidity deforms and polarizes active gels
Creators: name: Banerjee, Shiladitya
name: Marchetti, M. Cristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a continuum model of the coupling between cells and substrate that accounts for some of the observed substrate-stiffness dependence of cell properties. The cell is modeled as an elastic active gel, adapting recently developed continuum theories of active viscoelastic fluids. The coupling to the substrate enters as a boundary condition that relates the cell's deformation field to local stress gradients. In the presence of activity, the coupling to the substrate yields spatially inhomogeneous contractile stresses and deformations in the cell and can enhance polarization, breaking the cell's front-rear symmetry.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, EPL format
Clumpy Streams from Clumpy Halos: Detecting Missing Satellites with Cold Stellar Structures
Creators: name: Yoon, Joo Heon
name: Johnston, Kathryn V.
name: Hogg, David W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamically cold stellar streams are ideal probes of the gravitational field of the Milky Way. This paper re-examines the question of how such streams might be used to test for the presence of "missing satellites" -the many thousands of dark-matter subhalos with masses 10^5-10^7Msolar which are seen to orbit within Galactic-scale dark-matter halos in simulations of structure formation in LCDM cosmologies. Analytical estimates of the frequency and energy scales of stream encounters indicate that these missing satellites should have a negligible effect on hot debris structures, such as the tails from the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. However, long cold streams, such as the structure known as GD-1 or those from the globular cluster Palomar 5 (Pal 5) are expected to suffer many tens of direct impacts from missing satellites during their lifetimes. Numerical experiments confirm that these impacts create gaps in the debris' orbital energy distribution, which will evolve into degree- and sub-degree- scale fluctuations in surface density over the age of the debris. Maps of Pal 5's own stream contain surface density fluctuations on these scales. The presence and frequency of these inhomogeneities suggests the existence of a population of missing satellites in numbers predicted in the standard LCDM cosmologies.
description: ApJ accepted, slightly revised, 17pages, 12 figures, 1 table
The psychology of democratic deliberation : from practice to system
Creators: name: Moscrop, David
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Accounts of democratic deliberation assume and require citizens who are capable of rational and autonomous cognition. Such individuals are expected to be able to gather, process, and communicate information in such a way that allows them to accurately account for their preferences, including providing reasons for those preferences. The epistemic defense of deliberative democracy suggests that this is possible and that citizens who deliberate can generate good judgments and decisions. In this dissertation, I bring findings from social and political psychology to bear on the question of whether citizens can make good judgments and decisions through democratic deliberation. Data collected over the last five decades casts some doubts over whether they can. However, as I argue, there is good reason to believe that deliberation, despite these challenges, is often superior to alternative approaches to decision making and that, moreover, there are individual practice and institutional design responses that can mitigate the deleterious effects of phenomena that bring about cognitive distortion, bias, and error when citizens deliberate. In the first section of this dissertation, I argue that the epistemic defense of deliberation—including the need for rational, autonomous citizens—is challenged by findings from social and political psychology, but that democratic deliberation remains a possible and superior form of public judgment and decision making. In the second section, I use institutional theory, deliberative systems literature, and findings from psychology to discuss ways of thinking about autonomy and deliberation, and I develop approaches to limiting or overcoming the challenges mentioned in section one. These approaches are rooted in both broader institutional design and deliberative system design and in specific deliberative practices.
Letter from Charles Dollard to Gunnar Myrdal, July 10, 1942
Creators: name: Dollard, Charles, 1907-1977
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Race relations
African Americans--Social conditions
Endowments

description: Charles Dollard's feedback on Gunnar Myrdal's manuscript for Chapters 1 through 7 and Part IV: Politics of "An American Dilemma."
Coherent cavity networks with complete connectivity
Creators: name: Kyoseva, Elica S.
name: Beige, Almut
name: Kwek, Leong Chuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When cavity photons couple to an optical fiber with a continuum of modes, they usually leak out within a finite amount of time. However, if the fiber is about one meter long and linked to a mirror, photons bounce back and forth within the fiber on a much faster time scale. As a result, {\em dynamical decoupling} prevents the cavity photons from entering the fiber. In this paper we use the simultaneous dynamical decoupling of a large number of distant cavities from the fiber modes of linear optics networks to mediate effective cavity-cavity interactions in a huge variety of configurations. Coherent cavity networks with complete connectivity can be created with potential applications in quantum computing and simulation of the complex interaction Hamiltonians of biological systems.
description: revised version, improved analysis, 4 pages and 4 figures
On the Populations of Radio Galaxies with Extended Morphology at z<0.3
Creators: name: Lin, Yen-Ting
name: Shen, Yue
name: Strauss, Michael
name: Richards, Gordon
name: Lunnan, Ragnhild
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extended extragalactic radio sources have traditionally been classified into FR I and II types, based on the ratio r of the separation S between the brightest regions on either sides of the host galaxy and the total size T of the radio source. Here we examine the distribution of various physical properties as a function of r of 1040 luminous radio galaxies (RGs) at z<0.3 from the SDSS, NVSS, and FIRST. About 2/3 of the RGs are lobe-dominated (LD), and 1/3 have prominent jets. If we follow the original definition of the FR types (a division based solely on r), FR I and FR II RGs overlap in their host galaxy properties. However, the rare, LD sources with r>0.8 AND OIII5007 line luminosity >10^6 Lsun are markedly different on average from the rest of the RGs, in the sense that they are hosted in lower mass galaxies, live in relatively sparse environments, and have higher accretion rates onto the central SMBH. Thus these objects and the rest of RGs form a well-defined dichotomy. Motivated by the stark differences in the nuclear emission line properties of the RG subsamples, we suggest that the accretion rate onto the SMBH may play the primary role in creating the different morphologies. At relatively high accretion rates, the accretion system may produce powerful jets that create the "classical double" morphology (roughly corresponding to the LD sources with r>0.8 and emission lines); at lower accretion rates the jets from a radiatively inefficient accretion flow generate radio lobes without apparent "hot spots" at the edge (corresponding to the majority of LD sources). At slightly lower accretion rates AND in galaxies with dense galactic structure, sources with prominent jets result. It is possible that while the high accretion rate systems could affect sub-Mpc scale environments, the jets from lower accretion rate systems may efficiently suppress activity within the host galaxies.
description: ApJ, accepted. 20 pages, 16 figures, 4 tables. Image quality of Figures 1 & 2 degraded due to size limits. Table 4 is available and kept up-to-date at http://member.ipmu.jp/yen-ting.lin/RG/index.html. Higher resolution version available at http://member.ipmu.jp/yen-ting.lin/Data/ytlin.pdf
Letter from Gunnar Lange to Gunnar Myrdal, July 14, 1942
Creators: name: Lange, Gunnar, 1909-1976
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Race relations
African Americans--Social conditions
Endowments

description: Gunnar Lange's feedback on Gunnar Myrdal's manuscript for Chapters 10 through 12 of "An America Dilemma."
Resistivity of a non-Galilean--invariant Fermi Liquid near Pomeranchuk Quantum Criticality
Creators: name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
name: Yudson, Vladimir I.
name: Chubukov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the effect of the electron-electron interaction on the resistivity of a metal near a Pomeranchuk quantum phase transition (QPT). We show that Umklapp processes are not effective near a QPT, and one must consider both interactions and disorder to obtain finite and T dependent resistivity. By power counting, the correction to the residual resistivity at low T scales as AT^{(D+2)/3} near a Z=3 QPT. We show, however, that A=0 for a simply connected, convex Fermi surface in 2D, due to hidden integrability of the electron motion. We argue that A >0 in a two-band (s-d) model and propose this model as an explanation for the observed T^{(D+2)/3} behavior.
description: published version
title: Behaviour of Headed Stud Connectors in Composite Beams with Very Deep Profiled Sheeting
Creators: name: Albarram, Ahmed
Publisher: name: The University of East London
Year: 2018

description: Lack of design rules and no past research on the behaviour of composite beams with steel decks deeper than 80 mm is a major knowledge gap. Thus, this research provides fundamental information on the behaviour of headed stud connectors with narrow and very deep decks. After a series of extensive validation, a vast number of 3-D push-off tests are modelled using ABAQUS/Explicit package. Both secondary and primary composite beam systems are investigated. Critical examination is conducted on the existing design equations to assess their accuracy in predicting the shear stud capacity with the use of narrow and very deep decks.
The numerical analysis regarding the secondary composite beams showed that the shear stud capacity with narrow and very deep decks (i.e. 100 and 146 mm deep) was almost 65% of that obtained from the traditional steel decks (60-80 mm deep). The shear stud capacity was mainly affected by the concrete embedded within ribs. Reinforcing that area by a unique wire-mesh bars layout, which has not been investigated before, led the load bearing capacity to increase by 24%. For the primary composite beams, the numerical analysis indicated that the correlation between very deep decks and traditional ones regarding the shear stud capacity can not be represented through the rib deck geometry as it was believed in the past. A new concept was introduced to more accurately explain that correlation. This was through the effective cross-sectional area of concrete.
The existing design equations, when validated, did not account for narrow and very deep decks. As a result, a big discrepancy up to 50% was noticed between the predicted strengths and FE results in some cases, especially among EC4 and ANSI/AISC provisions. This necessitated to introduce more effective formulae. The developed equations regarding the secondary composite beams covered for the first time a wide range of ribbed geometries including narrow and very deep decks. For the primary composite beams, the correlation between different types of decks was established in the new equations through the effective cross-sectional area of concrete. The reliability of the new equations was proven against many previous experiments. The accuracy in results remained within ±10%. Besides the accuracy, the new equations are easy to use. This will help the designers to directly apply these equations in the practice.
Mining unstructured social streams : cohesion, context and evolution
Creators: name: Li, Pei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: As social websites like Twitter greatly influence people's digital life, unstructured social streams become prevalent, which are fast surging textual post streams without formal structure or schema between posts or inside the post content. Modeling and mining unstructured social streams in Twitter become a challenging and fundamental problem in social web analysis, which leads to numerous applications, e.g., recommending social feeds like "what's happening right now?" or "what are related stories?". Current social stream analysis in response to queries merely return an overwhelming list of posts, with little aggregation or semantics. The design of the next generation social stream mining algorithms faces various challenges, especially, the effective organization of meaningful information from noisy, unstructured, and streaming social content. The goal of this dissertation is to address the most critical challenges in social stream mining using graph-based techniques. We model a social stream as a post network, and use "event" and "story" to capture a group of aggregated social posts presenting similar content in different granularities, where an event may contain a series of stories. We highlight our contributions on social stream mining from a structural perspective as follows. We first model a story as a quasi-clique, which is cohesion-persistent regardless of the story size, and propose two solutions, DIM and SUM, to search the largest story containing given query posts, by deterministic and stochastic means, respectively. To detect all stories in the time window of a social stream and support the context-aware story-telling, we propose CAST, which defines a story as a (k,d)-Core in post network and tracks the relatedness between stories. We propose Incremental Cluster Evolution Tracking (ICET), which is an incremental computation framework for event evolution on evolving post networks, with the ability to track evolution patterns of social events as time rolls on. Approaches in this dissertation are based on two hypotheses: users prefer correlated posts to individual posts in post stream modeling, and a structural approach is better than frequency/LDA-based approaches in event and story modeling. We verify these hypotheses by crowdsourcing based user studies.
The Cosmic Evolution of Halo Pairs: I. Global Trends
Creators: name: Moreno, Jorge
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accumulating evidence suggests that galaxy interactions play an important role in shaping the properties of galaxies. For this reason, cosmological studies focused on the evolution of halo/subhalo pairs are vital. In this paper I describe a large catalogue of halo pairs extracted from the publicly available Millennium Simulation (Springel et. al. 2005). (Throughout this work I use the term `halo' to refer both to individual haloes in the field and subhaloes embedded in larger structures.) Pairs are selected according to whether or not they come within a given critical (comoving) distance dcrit, without the prerequisite that they must merge. Also, a condition requiring haloes to surpass a critical mass Mcrit during their history is imposed. The primary catalogue, consisting of 502,705 pairs, is selected by setting dcrit=1 Mpc/h and Mcrit = 8.6 10^10 Msun/h (equivalent to 100 simulation particles). One of the central goals of this paper is to evaluate the effects of modifying these criteria. For this purpose, additional subcatalogues with more stringent proximity and mass conditions are constructed (i.e., dcrit=200 kpc/h or/and Mcrit=8.6 10^11 Msun/h =1,000 simulation particles). I use a simple five stage picture to perform statistical analyses of their separations, redshifts, masses, mass ratios, and relevant lifetimes. The fraction of pairs that never merge (because one of the members is absorbed by an external halo or both members survive until today) is accounted for. These results provide a broad picture that captures the essential characteristics behind the evolution of halo pairs. This is the first of a series of papers aimed to explore the huge wealth of information encoded in this catalogue. Such investigations will play a fundamental role in future cosmological studies of interacting galaxies and binary (and multiple) quasars.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS. Replaced to match published version
Leptonic decays of D_s and B^+ mesons in supersymmetric standard model with R-parity violating interactions
Creators: name: Aida, Yumiko
name: Asakawa, Eri
name: Cho, Gi-Chol
name: Matsuo, Hikaru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate leptonic decays $D_s \to τν_τ$ and $B^+ \to τν_τ$ in R-parity violating (RPV) supersymmetric standard model. Taking account of interference between the s-channel slepton exchange and the $t$-channel squark exchange diagrams, we find that the supersymmetric contributions are cancelled between two diagrams so that the RPV couplings could be sizable under the experimental bounds. Constraints on the relative sign between the RPV couplings in $s$- and $t$-channel diagrams are also discussed.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures. Typos corrected. Version to appear in Phys.Rev.D
A Generalization of the Lamb-Bateman Integral Equation and Fractional Derivatives : A Comment
Creators: name: Fujii, Kazuyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this note a generalization of the Lamb-Bateman integral equation is presented and its solution is given in terms of {\bf fractional derivatives}. This is a comment one to the paper by Babusci, Dattoli and Sacchetti (arXiv:1006.0184 [math-ph]).
description: Latex; 6 pages; no figure; minor changes
Gravitational Wave Extraction in Simulations of Rotating Stellar Core Collapse
Creators: name: Reisswig, Christian
name: Ott, Christian D.
name: Sperhake, Ulrich
name: Schnetter, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform simulations of general relativistic rotating stellar core collapse and compute the gravitational waves (GWs) emitted in the core bounce phase of three representative models via multiple techniques. The simplest technique, the quadrupole formula (QF), estimates the GW content in the spacetime from the mass quadrupole tensor. It is strictly valid only in the weak-field and slow-motion approximation. For the first time, we apply GW extraction methods in core collapse that are fully curvature-based and valid for strongly radiating and highly relativistic sources. We employ three extraction methods computing (i) the Newman-Penrose (NP) scalar Psi_4, (ii) Regge-Wheeler-Zerilli-Moncrief (RWZM) master functions, and (iii) Cauchy-Characteristic Extraction (CCE) allowing for the extraction of GWs at future null infinity, where the spacetime is asymptotically flat and the GW content is unambiguously defined. The latter technique is the only one not suffering from residual gauge and finite-radius effects. All curvature-based methods suffer from strong non-linear drifts. We employ the fixed-frequency integration technique as a high-pass waveform filter. Using the CCE results as a benchmark, we find that finite-radius NP extraction yields results that agree nearly perfectly in phase, but differ in amplitude by ~1-7% at core bounce, depending on the model. RWZM waveforms, while in general agreeing in phase, contain spurious high-frequency noise of comparable amplitudes to those of the relatively weak GWs emitted in core collapse. We also find remarkably good agreement of the waveforms obtained from the QF with those obtained from CCE. They agree very well in phase but systematically underpredict peak amplitudes by ~5-11% which is comparable to the NP results and is within the uncertainties associated with core collapse physics. (abridged)
description: 26 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, matches published version
Geometrische Kenngrößen und zentrale Grenzwertsätze stetiger Perkolationsmodelle
Creators: name: Ochsenreither, Eva Maria
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014

description: In dieser Arbeit wird eine Klasse zufälliger gefärbter Mosaike betrachtet. Für diese stetigen Perkolationsmodelle werden Formeln für die asymptotischen Erwartungswerte und die asymptotischen Kovarianzen der inneren Volumina der gefärbten Zusammenhangskomponenten gezeigt. Im Spezialfall, dass ein Poisson-Voronoi- oder Poisson-Delaunay-Mosaik zugrunde liegt, werden multivariate zentrale Grenzwertsätze bewiesen.
Precision determination of alpha_s using an unbiased global NLO parton set
Creators: name: Lionetti, Simone
name: Ball, Richard D.
name: Bertone, Valerio
name: Cerutti, Francesco
name: Del Debbio, Luigi
name: Forte, Stefano
name: Guffanti, Alberto
name: Latorre, Jose I.
name: Rojo, Juan
name: Ubiali, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the strong coupling alpha_s from a next-to-leading order analysis of processes used for the NNPDF2.1 parton determination, which includes data from neutral and charged current deep-inelastic scattering, Drell-Yan and inclusive jet production. We find alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1191+-0.0006 (exp), where the uncertainty includes all statistical and systematic experimental uncertainties, but not purely theoretical uncertainties. We study the dependence of the results on the dataset, by providing further determinations based respectively on deep-inelastic data only, and on HERA data only. The deep-inelastic fit gives the consistent result alpha_s(M_Z)=0.1177+-0.0009(exp), but the result of the HERA-only fit is only marginally consistent. We provide evidence that individual data subsets can have runaway directions due to poorly determined PDFs, thus suggesting that a global dataset is necessary for a reliable determination.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures; final version to be published in Phys. Lett. B. Tolerance analysis for individual experiments (figs.6, 7 and tab.3) and fits with increased numbers of replicas (tab 1, 2) added. Many further small corrections
Investigation of skin dose in megavoltage radiation therapy for breast cancer.
Creators: name: Khan, Yasmeen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Dermatitis and skin reactions are frequently associated with whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT). The severity of the skin damage depends on many factors such as x-ray beam energy, radiation therapy technique, breast size and shape, existence of skin folds, total radiation dose and dose per fraction. Dermatitis can vary from dryness to a severe skin reaction such as moist desquamation or ulceration. Radiation dermatitis may affect the quality of life or treatment outcome in extreme cases. The most severe skin reactions generally occur in skin folds due to dose buildup effects in megavoltage photon beams. Although modern radiation therapy techniques have been shown to reduce skin dose, in some patients, the skin still receives a higher radiation dose than necessary. B positioning during radiation therapy to reduce skin folds may provide further reduction in unnecessary skin dose. Furthermore, better breast positioning may also lead to reduction in the volume of normal tissues irradiated, further benefitting the patient. This thesis is an investigation of the impact of breast position on radiation dosimetry at the skin surface in megavoltage x-ray beams for intensity modulated radiation therapy. Radiological properties of potential materials for construction of a breast positioning device are studied.
Unification in the Description Logic EL
Creators: name: Baader, Franz
name: Morawska, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: cs.LO

description: The Description Logic EL has recently drawn considerable attention since, on the one hand, important inference problems such as the subsumption problem are polynomial. On the other hand, EL is used to define large biomedical ontologies. Unification in Description Logics has been proposed as a novel inference service that can, for example, be used to detect redundancies in ontologies. The main result of this paper is that unification in EL is decidable. More precisely, EL-unification is NP-complete, and thus has the same complexity as EL-matching. We also show that, w.r.t. the unification type, EL is less well-behaved: it is of type zero, which in particular implies that there are unification problems that have no finite complete set of unifiers.
description: 31pages
Industrially Relevant Monomers: From Fundamental Kinetics to Application in Controlled Polymerization
Creators: name: Hähnel, Alexander Peter
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Pulsed Laser Polymerization
Size Exclusion Chromatography (PLP-SEC)
Propagation Rate Coefficient kp
Free Radical Polymerization (FRP)
kinetics

description: Arrhenius parameters of the propagation rate coefficient, kp, of (meth)acrylates are determined (via PLP-SEC) in order to detect global structure-property relationships. Additional physicochemical data is employed in providing a plausible reasoning for the identified trends. The reported kp values are of highest importance for kinetic modeling also of RDRP processes such as ATRP or RAFT. Furthermore, MHKS parameters, temperature dependent densities, viscosities, Tg and dn/dc values are reported.
Holographic charge transport in Lifshitz black hole backgrounds
Creators: name: Lemos, José P. S.
name: Pang, Da-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study charge transport properties in a domain-wall geometry, whose near horizon IR geometry is a Lifshitz black hole and whose UV geometry is AdS. The action for the gauge field contains the standard Maxwell term plus the Weyl tensor coupled to Maxwell field strengths. In four dimensions we calculate the conductivity via both the membrane paradigm and Kubo's formula. Precise agreements between both methods are obtained. Moreover, we perform an analysis of the four-dimensional electro-magnetic duality in our domain-wall background and find that the relation between the longitudinal and transverse components of the current-current correlation functions and those of the `dual' counterparts holds, irrespective of the near horizon IR geometry. Conductivity at extremality is also investigated. Generalizations to higher dimensions are performed.
description: 22 pages, typos corrected
Identification of Emerging Scientific Topics in Bibliometric Databases
Creators: name: Mund, Carolin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014

description: Bibliometrie, Maschinelles Lernen, LDA, Clustering, Neue Themen
Abstract = Frühzeitiges Erkennen von aufkommenden Themengebieten in der Wissenschaft unterstützt sowohl Entscheidungen auf individueller als auch öffentlicher Ebene. Viele bestehende Verfahren beschränken sich auf eine retrospektive (Zitations-)Analyse der Publikationsdaten. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war deshalb die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens, das zeitnah und neutral sogenannte "emerging topic candidates" aus einem Set von wissenschaftlichen Publikationen auswählt.
Cross-domain Recommendations based on semantically-enhanced User Web Behavior
Creators: name: Hoxha, Julia
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014

description: Information seeking in the Web can be facilitated by recommender systems that guide the users in a personalized manner to relevant resources in the large space of the possible options in the Web. This work investigates how to model people's Web behavior at multiple sites and learn to predict future preferences, in order to generate relevant cross-domain recommendations. This thesis contributes with novel techniques for building cross-domain recommender systems in an open Web setting.
CBS News Poll: Holidays/Gifts/Yoga
Creators: name: CBS News
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Drink wine (2); white wine vs. red wine (1); price to pay for a bottle of wine (1); practice Yoga (2); prefer giving gifts or receiving gifts (1); Christmas (1); re-gifted a holiday gift (1); spend money on gifts during holiday season (1); New Year's resolutions (2); plans for New Year's Eve (1); religious affiliation (1); personal finances (1); political party preference (1).
Effects of tricalcium phosphate-titanium nanoparticles on mechanical performance after friction stir processing on titanium alloys for dental applications
Creators: name: Chen, Xiguo
name: Kolooshani, Amin
name: Heidarshenas, Behzad
name: mortezagholi, bardia
name: Yuan, Yanjie
name: Semiruomi, D.T.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Nanobiotechnology
Nanomedicine
Medical devices
Dental materials and equipment

description: Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is a solid-state method that is widely used in titanium and its alloys to enhance their. strength. The FSP technique produces low-defect-density materials with improved mechanical properties,making it potentially valuable for orthopedic and dental applications. It is primarily used for low-melting-point materials such as titanium but can also be applied to high-melting-point metals such as steel, nickel, and titanium alloys. When conducting an FSP test, it is crucial to select appropriate tool geometry, rotational speed, tool speed,and workpiece thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are commonly used to analyze the phase and morphology of samples containing Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) and Titanium oxide nanoparticles (Ti-NPs) ceramic. The effect of hydrogenation on the mechanical properties of titanium alloys mixed with titanium during FSP is also investigated. The composition of TCP and Ti-NP is diffused onto the titanium substrate, and it is recommended that Ti-NP be joined to the substrate using FSP. Using FSP, the microstructure can be altered, and the properties of the new design tool can be studied using mechanical testing. The effects of hydrogenation during FSP of two non-homogeneous metals with Ti-NP can be investigated to evaluate the mechanical properties of the joint area and the worn tool mechanism. The pin tool mainly alters the direction of the secondary metal, allowing for an increase in the number and size of this secondary material attached to titanium. FSP parameters can be optimized based on the volume of the joined area using various established techniques
Time-reversal-symmetry-broken quantum spin Hall effect
Creators: name: Yang, Yunyou
name: Xu, Zhong
name: Sheng, L.
name: Wang, Baigeng
name: Xing, D. Y.
name: Sheng, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum spin Hall (QSH) state of matter is usually considered to be protected by time-reversal (TR) symmetry. We investigate the fate of the QSH effect in the presence of the Rashba spin-orbit coupling and an exchange field, which break both inversion and TR symmetries. It is found that the QSH state characterized by nonzero spin Chern numbers $C_{\pm}=\pm 1$ persists when the TR symmetry is broken. A topological phase transition from the TR symmetry-broken QSH phase to a quantum anomalous Hall phase occurs at a critical exchange field, where the bulk band gap just closes. It is also shown that the transition from the TR symmetry-broken QSH phase to an ordinary insulator state can not happen without closing the band gap.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Farbwechsel in DNA - Diarylethen-Photoschalter und Cyaninfarbstoffe zur Untersuchung und Steuerung der DNA-Hybridisierung
Creators: name: Barrois, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014

description: Der Einfluss der Struktur auf die Effizienz des Energietransfers von TO und TR in DNA-Haarnadeln konnte über optische Methoden ermittelt werden. Des Weiteren konnte ein System entwickelt werden, in dem TO und TR zur Echtzeitverfolgung von DNA-Strangaustauschexperimenten verwendet wurden. Zusätzlich wurden vier verschiedene Diarylethen-Photoschalter synthetisiert. Die photochromen Eigenschaften eines nukleosidischen Photoschalters blieben in DNA erhalten.
Comments on regularization of identity based solutions in string field theory
Creators: name: Arroyo, E. Aldo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the consistency of the recently proposed regularization of an identity based solution in open bosonic string field theory. We show that the equation of motion is satisfied when it is contracted with the regularized solution itself. Additionally, we propose a similar regularization of an identity based solution in the modified cubic superstring field theory.
description: 24 pages, two subsections added, two references added
"Brain drain" aus Entwicklungsländern? Migrationsmotive und -prozesse Hochqualifizierter am Beispiel von Nigeria
Creators: name: Mbah, Melanie Veronika
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Transmigration
highly skilled
developing countries
migration
Africa

description: Brain drain, brain gain or simply brain waste? This thesis aims to give more insights to motivations, imaginations and experiences as well as return intentions of highly skilled Nigerians. The theoretical relevance of networks and transnational activities regarding migration flows of highly skilled Nigerians are analyzed.
Light scattering from exoplanet oceans and atmospheres
Creators: name: Zugger, Michael E.
name: Kasting, James F.
name: Williams, Darren M.
name: Kane, Timothy J.
name: Philbrick, C. Russell
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Orbital variation in reflected starlight from exoplanets could eventually be used to detect surface oceans. Exoplanets with rough surfaces, or dominated by atmospheric Rayleigh scattering, should reach peak brightness in full phase, orbital longitude = 180 deg, whereas ocean planets with transparent atmospheres should reach peak brightness in crescent phase near OL = 30 deg. Application of Fresnel theory to a planet with no atmosphere covered by a calm ocean predicts a peak polarization fraction of 1 at OL = 74 deg; however, our model shows that clouds, wind-driven waves, aerosols, absorption, and Rayleigh scattering in the atmosphere and within the water column, dilute the polarization fraction and shift the peak to other OLs. Observing at longer wavelengths reduces the obfuscation of the water polarization signature by Rayleigh scattering but does not mitigate the other effects. Planets with thick Rayleigh scattering atmospheres reach peak polarization near OL = 90 deg, but clouds and Lambertian surface scattering dilute and shift this peak to smaller OL. A shifted Rayleigh peak might be mistaken for a water signature unless data from multiple wavelength bands are available. Our calculations suggest that polarization alone may not positively identify the presence of an ocean under an Earth-like atmosphere; however polarization adds another dimension which can be used, in combination with unpolarized orbital light curves and contrast ratios, to detect extrasolar oceans, atmospheric water aerosols, and water clouds. Additionally, the presence and direction of the polarization vector could be used to determine planet association with the star, and constrain orbit inclination.
description: Submitted to The Astrophysical Journal on 17 June 2010 revised 4 Sept 2010: As Accepted by The Astrophysical Journal: added discussion paragraphs, referee mods - treatment of clouds, added refs, footnote clarification
A new parametrizable model of molecular electronic structure
Creators: name: Laikov, Dimitri N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new electronic structure model is developed in which the ground state energy of a molecular system is given by a Hartree-Fock-like expression with parametrized one- and two-electron integrals over an extended (minimal + polarization) set of orthogonalized atom-centered basis functions, the variational equations being solved formally within the minimal basis but the effect of polarization functions being included in the spirit of second-order perturbation theory. It is designed to yield good dipole polarizabilities and improved intermolecular potentials with dispersion terms. The molecular integrals include up to three-center one-electron and two-center two-electron terms, all in simple analytical forms. A method to extract the effective one-electron Hamiltonian of nonlocal-exchange Kohn-Sham theory from the coupled-cluster one-electron density matrix is designed and used to get its matrix representation in a molecule-intrinsic minimal basis as an input to the paramtrization procedure -- making a direct link to the correlated wavefunction theory. The model has been trained for 15 elements (H, Li--F, Na--Cl, 720 parameters) on a set of 5581 molecules (including ions, transition states, and weakly-bound complexes) whose first- and second-order properties were computed by the coupled-cluster theory as a reference, and a good agreement is seen. The model looks promising for the study of large molecular systems, it is believed to be an important step forward from the traditional semiempirical models towards higher accuracy at nearly as low a computational cost.
description: Revision 1 (with Comments) resubmitted 2011.08.28 to J Chem Phys
Identification and characterization of a poplar ECERIFERUM2-LIKE, a clade II BAHD acyltransferase from hybrid poplar (Populus alba × grandidentata)
Creators: name: Von Loessl, Michelle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: BAHD acyltransferases belong to a large family of enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of a wide variety of biologically diverse and important plant compounds. Poplar makes an assortment of different metabolites and therefore has a large number of putative BAHD-acyltransferases, of which only a few have been characterized to date. In this study, an uncharacterized BAHD acyltransferase, with a putative function in either non-canonical monolignol biosynthesis as the poplar p-hydroxybenzoate-CoA monolignol transferase (pHBMT), or in cuticular wax biosynthesis through very long chain fatty acid (VLCFA) elongation as a poplar ECERIFERUM2-LIKE (CER2-LIKE), was studied. To test the function of Populus alba × grandidentata acyltransferase-like (Pa×gACT-like), transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and hybrid poplar plants mis-regulating the gene, were generated and subsequently analyzed for changes in both lignin p-hydroxybenzoylation and in the cuticular wax composition. No changes in lignin p-hydroxybenzoylation was observed, negating the possibility of Pa×gACT-like being a p-hydroxybenzoate-CoA monolignol transferase. The introduction of Pa×gACT-like into Arabidopsis caused the accumulation of aliphatic wax components 28 carbons in length (C₂₈), and a reduction in C₃₀ wax components, likely due to competition with the native AtCER2 or slight differences in substrate specificity between Pa×gACT-like and AtCER2. In addition, RNAi-suppression of Pa×gACT-like in poplar resulted in a subtle phenotype showing a trend for accumulation of C₂₈ wax components, suggesting an upstream “block” in VLCFA elongation. The shifts in cuticular wax chain length distribution detected in transgenics support a CER2-LIKE role for Pa×gACT-like. Consistent with this, heterologous gene expression in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) clearly demonstrated that Pa×gACT-like can participate in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids. Co-expression and tissue-specific expression also support a role in cuticular wax biosynthesis, as 30% of genes co-expressed with Pa×gACT-like have predicted functions in lipid biosynthesis/metabolism. Finally, GUS histochemical staining of Pa×gACT-like Prom::GUS poplar transgenics revealed expression in the epidermis of leaf, petiole, and young stem tissue. This study reveals a function for a previously uncharacterized poplar BAHD acyl transferase as a CER2-LIKE protein that functions in the elongation of VLCFAs for cuticular wax production.
LMXB and IMXB Evolution: I. The Binary Radio Pulsar PSR J1614-2230
Creators: name: Lin, Jinrong
name: Rappaport, S.
name: Podsiadlowski, Ph.
name: Nelson, L.
name: Paxton, B.
name: Todorov, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have computed an extensive grid of binary evolution tracks to represent low- and intermediate mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs and IMXBs). The grid includes 42,000 models which covers 60 initial donor masses over the range of 1-4 solar masses and, for each of these, 700 initial orbital periods over the range of 10-250 hours. These results can be applied to understanding LMXBs and IMXBs: those that evolve analogously to CVs; that form ultracompact binaries with orbital periods in the range of 6-50 minutes; and that lead to wide orbits with giant donors. We also investigate the relic binary recycled radio pulsars into which these systems evolve. To evolve the donor stars in this study, we utilized a newly developed stellar evolution code called "MESA" that was designed, among other things, to be able to handle very low-mass and degenerate donors. This first application of the results is aimed at an understanding of the newly discovered pulsar PSR J1614-2230 which has a 1.97 solar masses neutron star, orbital period = 8.7 days, and a companion star of 0.5 solar mass. We show that (i) this system is a cousin to the LMXB Cyg X-2; (ii) for neutron stars of canonical birth mass 1.4 solar masses, the initial donor stars which produce the closest relatives to PSR J1614-2230 have a mass between 3.4-3.8 solar masses; (iii) neutron stars as massive as 1.97 solar masses are not easy to produce in spite of the initially high mass of the donor star, unless they were already born as relatively massive neutron stars; (iv) to successfully produce a system like PSR J1614-2230 requires a minimum initial neutron star mass of at least 1.6+-0.1 solar masses, as well as initial donor masses and orbital period of ~ 4.25+-0.10 solar masses and ~49+-2 hrs, respectively; and (v) the current companion star is largely composed of CO, but should have a surface H abundance of ~10-15%.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, simulateapj style, accepted by ApJ
Memorandum from Gunnar Myrdal, July 1, 1942
Creators: name: Myrdal, Gunnar, 1898-1987
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Race relations
African Americans--Social conditions
Endowments

description: Memorandum regarding Gunnar Myrdal and Arnold M. Rose's subletting of home in Princeton for July through September, 1942.