cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Selective Deuterium Ion Acceleration Using the Vulcan PW Laser
Creators: name: Krygier, AG
name: Morrison, JT
name: Kar, S
name: Ahmed, H
name: Alejo, A
name: Clarke, R
name: Fuchs, J
name: Green, A
name: Jung, D
name: Kleinschmidt, A
name: Najmudin, Z
name: Nakamura, H
name: Norreys, P
name: Notley, M
name: Oliver, M
name: Roth, M
name: Vassura, L
name: Zepf, M
name: Borghesi, M
name: Freeman, RR
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the successful demonstration of selective acceleration of deuterium ions by target-normal sheath acceleration (TNSA) with a high-energy petawatt laser. TNSA typically produces a multi-species ion beam that originates from the intrinsic hydrocarbon and water vapor contaminants on the target surface. Using the method first developed by Morrison, et al.,$^{1}$ an ion beam with $>$99$\%$ deuterium ions and peak energy 14 MeV/nucleon is produced with a 200 J, 700 fs, $>10^{20} W/cm^{2}$ laser pulse by cryogenically freezing heavy water (D$_{2}$O) vapor onto the rear surface of the target prior to the shot. Within the range of our detectors (0-8.5$^{\circ}$), we find laser-to-deuterium-ion energy conversion efficiency of 4.3$\%$ above 0.7 MeV/nucleon while a conservative estimate of the total beam gives a conversion efficiency of 9.4$\%$.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Galactic magnetic fields and hierarchical galaxy formation
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Luiz Felippe S.
name: Shukurov, Anvar
name: Fletcher, Andrew
name: Baugh, Carlton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A framework is introduced for coupling the evolution of galactic magnetic fields sustained by the mean-field dynamo with the formation and evolution of galaxies in cold dark matter cosmology. Estimates of the steady-state strength of the large-scale and turbulent magnetic fields from mean-field and fluctuation dynamo models are used together with galaxy properties predicted by semi-analytic models of galaxy formation for a population of spiral galaxies. We find that the field strength is mostly controlled by the evolving gas content of the galaxies. Thus, because of the differences in the implementation of the star formation law, feedback from supernovae and ram-pressure stripping, each of the galaxy formation models considered predicts a distribution of field strengths with unique features. The most prominent of them is the difference in typical magnetic fields strengths obtained for the satellite and central galaxy populations as well as the typical strength of the large-scale magnetic field in galaxies of different mass.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures; minor changes. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Expansions of Iterated Stratonovich Stochastic Integrals from the Taylor-Stratonovich Expansion, Based on Multiple Trigonometric Fourier Series. Comparison With the Milstein Expansion
Creators: name: Kuznetsov, Dmitriy F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The article is devoted to comparison of the Milstein expansion of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals with the method of expansion of iterated stochastic integrals based on generalized multiple Fourier series. We consider some practical material connected with the expansions of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals from the Taylor-Stratonovich expansion based on multiple trigonometric Fourier series. The comparison of effectiveness of the Fourier-Legendre series as well as the trigonomertic Fourier series for expansion of iterated Stratonovich stochastic integrals is considered.
description: 36 pages. Minor changes. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1712.08991, arXiv:1801.00231, arXiv:1801.03195, arXiv:1801.01564, arXiv:1801.06501, arXiv:1712.09516, arXiv:1801.01962, arXiv:1801.05654, arXiv:1712.09746, arXiv:1801.00784
Additional file 1 of Synthesis and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles combined with geraniol and their synergistic antibacterial activity
Creators: name: Younis, Almotasem Bellah
name: Milosavljevic, Vedran
name: Fialova, Tatiana
name: Smerkova, Kristyna
name: Michalkova, Hana
name: Svec, Pavel
name: Antal, Peter
name: Kopel, Pavel
name: Adam, Vojtech
name: Zurek, Ludek
name: Dolezelikova, Kristyna
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Galaxy Cluster Pressure Profiles as Determined by Sunyaev Zel'dovich Effect Observations with MUSTANG and Bolocam I: Joint Analysis Technique
Creators: name: Romero, Charles
name: Mason, Brian S.
name: Sayers, Jack
name: Young, Alexander H.
name: Mroczkowski, Tony
name: Clarke, Tracy E.
name: Sarazin, Craig
name: Sievers, Jonathon
name: Dicker, Simon R.
name: Reese, Erik D.
name: Czakon, Nicole
name: Devlin, Mark
name: Korngut, Phillip M.
name: Golwala, Sunil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a technique to constrain galaxy cluster pressure profiles by jointly fitting Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (SZE) data obtained with MUSTANG and Bolocam for the clusters Abell 1835 and MACS0647. Bolocam and MUSTANG probe different angular scales and are thus highly complementary. We find that the addition of the high resolution MUSTANG data can improve constraints on pressure profile parameters relative to those derived solely from Bolocam. In Abell 1835 and MACS0647, we find gNFW inner slopes of $γ= 0.36_{-0.21}^{+0.33}$ and $γ= 0.38_{-0.25}^{+0.20}$, respectively when $α$ and $β$ are constrained to 0.86 and 4.67 respectively. The fitted SZE pressure profiles are in good agreement with X-ray derived pressure profiles.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to ApJ
Static critical behavior of the $q-$states Potts model: High-resolution entropic study
Creators: name: Caparica, A. A.
name: Leão, Salviano A.
name: DaSilva, Claudio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report a precise computer simulation study of the static critical properties of the two-dimensional $q$-states Potts model using very accurate data obtained from a modified Wang-Landau (WL) scheme proposed by Caparica and Cunha-Netto [Phys. Rev. E {\bf 85}, 046702 (2012)]. This algorithm is an extension of the conventional WL sampling, but the authors changed the criterion to update the density of states during the random walk and established a new procedure to windup the simulation run. These few changes have allowed a more precise microcanonical averaging which is essential to a reliable finite-size scaling analysis. In this work we used this new technique to determine the static critical exponents $β$, $γ$, and $ν$, in an unambiguous fashion. The static critical exponents were determined as $β=0.10807(28)$, $γ=1.44716(72)$, and $ν=0.818892(58)$, for the $q=3$ case, and $β=0.09123(48)$, $γ=1.2855(13)$, and $ν=0.70640(10)$, for the $q=4$ Potts model. A comparison of the present results with conjectured values and with those obtained from other well established approaches strengthens this new way of performing WL simulations.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1303.1767, arXiv:1112.1907
Double Soft Graviton Theorems and BMS Symmetries
Creators: name: H, Anupam A.
name: Kundu, Arpan
name: Ray, Krishnendu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now well understood that Ward identities associated to the (extended) BMS algebra are equivalent to single soft graviton theorems. In this work, we show that if we consider nested Ward identities constructed out of two BMS charges, a class of double soft factorization theorems can be recovered. By making connections with earlier works in the literature, we argue that at the sub-leading order, these double soft graviton theorems are the so-called consecutive double soft graviton theorems. We also show how these nested Ward identities can be understood as Ward identities associated to BMS symmetries in scattering states defined around (non-Fock) vacua parametrized by supertranslations or superrotations.
description: 29 pages, minor changes added, footnote 3 removed, consistency check with Ref:22 settled
Effective crowdsourced generation of training data for chatbots natural language understanding
Creators: name: Bozzon, Alessandro
name: Rucha Bapat
name: Kucherbaev, Pavel
Publisher: name: AMS Knowledge portal of Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS Institute)
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 170203 Knowledge Representation and Machine Learning
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Chatbots are text-based conversational agents. Natural Language Understanding (NLU) models are used to extract meaning and intention from user messages sent to chatbots. The user experience of chatbots largely depends on the performance of the NLU model, which itself largely depends on the initial dataset the model is trained with. The training data should cover the diversity of real user requests the chatbot will receive. Obtaining such data is a challenging task even for big corporations. We introduce a generic approach to generate training data with the help of crowd workers, we discuss the approach workflow and the design of crowdsourcing tasks assuring high quality. We evaluate the approach by running an experiment collecting data for 9 different intents. We use the collected training data to train a natural language understanding model. We analyse the performance of the model under different training set sizes for each intent. We provide recommendations on selecting an optimal confidence threshold for predicting intents, based on the cost model of incorrect and unknown predictions.
Simulation Modelling of Inequality in Cancer Service Access
Creators: name: Chan, Ka C.
name: Williams, Ruth F. G.
name: Lenard, Christopher T.
name: Mills, Terence M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Econometrics (econ.EM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper applies economic concepts from measuring income inequality to an exercise in assessing spatial inequality in cancer service access in regional areas. We propose a mathematical model for accessing chemotherapy among local government areas (LGAs). Our model incorporates a distance factor. With a simulation we report results for a single inequality measure: the Lorenz curve is depicted for our illustrative data. We develop this approach in order to move incrementally towards its application to actual data and real-world health service regions. We seek to develop the exercises that can lead policy makers to relevant policy information on the most useful data collections to be collected and modeling for cancer service access in regional areas.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Privacy and Data Protection by Design - from policy to engineering
Creators: name: Danezis, George
name: Domingo-Ferrer, Josep
name: Hansen, Marit
name: Hoepman, Jaap-Henk
name: Metayer, Daniel Le
name: Tirtea, Rodica
name: Schiffner, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: K.4.1; D.4.6; H.2.0
subject: 94A60

description: Privacy and data protection constitute core values of individuals and of democratic societies. There have been decades of debate on how those values -and legal obligations- can be embedded into systems, preferably from the very beginning of the design process. One important element in this endeavour are technical mechanisms, known as privacy-enhancing technologies (PETs). Their effectiveness has been demonstrated by researchers and in pilot implementations. However, apart from a few exceptions, e.g., encryption became widely used, PETs have not become a standard and widely used component in system design. Furthermore, for unfolding their full benefit for privacy and data protection, PETs need to be rooted in a data governance strategy to be applied in practice. This report contributes to bridging the gap between the legal framework and the available technological implementation measures by providing an inventory of existing approaches, privacy design strategies, and technical building blocks of various degrees of maturity from research and development. Starting from the privacy principles of the legislation, important elements are presented as a first step towards a design process for privacy-friendly systems and services. The report sketches a method to map legal obligations to design strategies, which allow the system designer to select appropriate techniques for implementing the identified privacy requirements. Furthermore, the report reflects limitations of the approach. It concludes with recommendations on how to overcome and mitigate these limits.
description: 79 pages in European Union Agency for Network and Information Security (ENISA) report, December 2014, ISBN 978-92-9204-108-3
Singular perturbations and scaling
Creators: name: Lax, Christian
name: Walcher, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92C45, 34E15, 80A30, 13P10

description: Scaling transformations involving a small parameter ({\em degenerate scalings}) are frequently used for ordinary differential equations that model (bio-) chemical reaction networks. They are motivated by quasi-steady state (QSS) of certain chemical species, and ideally lead to slow-fast systems for singular perturbation reductions, in the sense of Tikhonov and Fenichel. In the present paper we discuss properties of such scaling transformations, with regard to their applicability as well as to their determination. Transformations of this type are admissible only when certain consistency conditions are satisfied, and they lead to singular perturbation scenarios only if additional conditions hold, including a further consistency condition on initial values. Given these consistency conditions, two scenarios occur. The first (which we call standard) is well known and corresponds to a classical quasi-steady state (QSS) reduction. Here, scaling may actually be omitted because there exists a singular perturbation reduction for the unscaled system, with a coordinate subspace as critical manifold. For the second (nonstandard) scenario scaling is crucial. Here one may obtain a singular perturbation reduction with the slow manifold having dimension greater than expected from the scaling. For parameter dependent systems we consider the problem to find all possible scalings, and we show that requiring the consistency conditions allows their determination. This lays the groundwork for algorithmic approaches, to be taken up in future work. In the final section we consider some applications. In particular we discuss relevant nonstandard reductions of certain reaction-transport systems.
title:  A New Home in the Wilderness
Creators: name: Katora, Amana C.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2014

description: The collection of stories that make up New Home in the Wilderness plus are held together by the place that is the Amana Colonies in Iowa This place and people are a part of my family's past and has influenced my development as an individual and a writer. It was important to try to honor the culture the best way I could. This work of fiction pulls from the unique traditions, stories, and voices that still exist in the Colonies today While the Colonies continue to adapt and curate their history, this collection attempts to capture the soul of the Amanas that may be hard to find in a visit, but still exists in the stories people share.
The radio afterglow of Swift J1644+57 reveals a powerful jet with fast core and slow sheath
Creators: name: Mimica, P.
name: Giannios, D.
name: Metzger, B. D.
name: Aloy, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We model the non-thermal transient Swift J1644+57 as resulting from a relativistic jet powered by the accretion of a tidally-disrupted star onto a super-massive black hole. Accompanying synchrotron radio emission is produced by the shock interaction between the jet and the dense circumnuclear medium, similar to a gamma-ray burst afterglow. An open mystery, however, is the origin of the late-time radio rebrightening, which occurred well after the peak of the jetted X-ray emission. Here, we systematically explore several proposed explanations for this behavior by means of multi-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations coupled to a self-consistent radiative transfer calculation of the synchrotron emission. Our main conclusion is that the radio afterglow of Swift J1644+57 is not naturally explained by a jet with a one-dimensional top-hat angular structure. However, a more complex angular structure comprised of an ultra-relativistic core (Lorentz factor $Γ\sim 10$) surrounded by a slower ($Γ\sim $ 2) sheath provides a reasonable fit to the data. Such a geometry could result from the radial structure of the super-Eddington accretion flow or as the result of jet precession. The total kinetic energy of the ejecta that we infer of $\sim$ few $10^{53}\,$erg requires a highly efficient jet launching mechanism. Our jet model providing the best fit to the light curve of the on-axis event Swift J1644+57 is used to predict the radio light curves for off-axis viewing angles. Implications for the presence of relativistic jets from TDEs detected via their thermal disk emission, as well as the prospects for detecting orphan TDE afterglows with upcoming wide-field radio surveys and resolving the jet structure with long baseline interferometry, are discussed.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Prediction of terrorism pattern accompanied by cyber-terrorism and the development direction of corresponding legal systems
Creators: name: Kim, Daegeon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As the information and communication system has become an essential element for national operation and people's lives, and the dependence on information and communication systems such as national infrastructure systems and facilities increases, cyber terrorism is rapidly emerging as a serious threat to national security in peacetime. As terrorist groups' access to cyber-attack assets improves, the traditional form of terrorism is also expected to change to a form combined with cyber-terrorism. Nevertheless, from a national security point of view, Korea lacks a legal system to prepare for and respond to cyber terrorism. In this paper, based on the development process of the modern military operation concept, we predict the changes in the form of terrorism, analyze the restrictions on the national response to cyber-terrorism based on the current legal system, and propose the development directions.
description: in Korean language
Borel-de Siebenthal theory for affine reflection systems
Creators: name: Kus, Deniz
name: Venkatesh, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a Borel-de Siebenthal theory for affine reflection systems by classifying their maximal closed subroot systems. Affine reflection systems (introduced by Loos and Neher) provide a unifying framework for root systems of finite-dimensional semi-simple Lie algebras, affine and toroidal Lie algebras, and extended affine Lie algebras. In the special case of nullity $k$ toroidal Lie algebras, we obtain a one-to-one correspondence between maximal closed subroot systems with full gradient and triples $(q,(b_i),H)$, where $q$ is a prime number, $(b_i)$ is a $n$-tuple of integers in the interval $[0,q-1]$ and $H$ is a $(k\times k)$ Hermite normal form matrix with determinant $q$. This generalizes the $k=1$ result of Dyer and Lehrer in the setting of affine Lie algebras.
Multiwave imaging in an enclosure with variable wave speed
Creators: name: Acosta, Sebastian
name: Montalto, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 35L05, 35R30, 35Q93

description: In this paper we consider the mathematical model of thermo- and photo-acoustic tomography for the recovery of the initial condition of a wave field from knowledge of its boundary values. Unlike the free-space setting, we consider the wave problem in a region enclosed by a surface where an impedance boundary condition is imposed. This condition models the presence of physical boundaries such as interfaces or acoustic mirrors which reflect some of the wave energy back into the enclosed domain. By recognizing that the inverse problem is equivalent to a statement of boundary observability, we use control operators to prove the unique and stable recovery of the initial wave profile from knowledge of boundary measurements. Since our proof is constructive, we explicitly derive a solvable equation for the unknown initial condition. This equation can be solved numerically using the conjugate gradient method. We also propose an alternative approach based on the stabilization of waves. This leads to an exponentially and uniformly convergent Neumann series reconstruction when the impedance coefficient is not identically zero. In both cases, if well-known geometrical conditions are satisfied, our approaches are naturally suited for variable wave speed and for measurements on a subset of the boundary.
Additional file 1 of Potential of the Trifunctional Bispecific Antibody Surek Depends on Dendritic Cells: Rationale for a New Approach of Tumor Immunotherapy
Creators: name: Eissler, Nina
name: Mysliwietz, Josef
name: Deppisch, Nina
name: Ruf, Peter
name: Lindhofer, Horst
name: Mocikat, Ralph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Supplementary material, approximately 700 KB.
A precision measurement of the $p$($e,e^\prime p\,$)$π^0$ reaction at threshold
Creators: name: Chirapatpimol, K.
name: Shabestari, M. H.
name: Lindgren, R. A.
name: Smith, L. C.
name: Annand, J. R. M.
name: Higinbotham, D. W.
name: Moffit, B.
name: Nelyubin, V.
name: Norum, B. E.
name: Allada, K.
name: Aniol, K.
name: Ardashev, K.
name: Armstrong, D. S.
name: Arndt, R. A.
name: Benmokhtar, F.
name: Bernstein, A. M.
name: Bertozzi, W.
name: Briscoe, W. J.
name: Bimbot, L.
name: Camsonne, A.
name: Chen, J. -P.
name: Choi, S.
name: Chudakov, E.
name: Cisbani, E.
name: Cusanno, F.
name: Dalton, M. M.
name: Dutta, C.
name: Egiyan, K.
name: Fernandez-Ramirez, C.
name: Feuerbach, R.
name: Fissum, K. G.
name: Frullani, S.
name: Garibaldi, F.
name: Gayou, O.
name: Gilman, R.
name: Gilad, S.
name: Goity, J.
name: Gomez, J.
name: Hahn, B.
name: Hamilton, D.
name: Hansen, J. -O.
name: Huang, J.
name: Igarashi, R.
name: Ireland, D.
name: de Jager, C. W.
name: Jin, X.
name: Jiang, X.
name: Jinasundera, T.
name: Kellie, J.
name: Keppel, C. E.
name: Kolb, N.
name: LeRose, J.
name: Liyanage, N.
name: Livingston, K.
name: McNulty, D.
name: Mercado, L.
name: Michaels, R.
name: Mihovilovic, M.
name: Qian, S.
name: Qian, X.
name: Mailyan, S.
name: Mamyan, V.
name: Marrone, S.
name: Monaghan, P.
name: Nanda, S.
name: Perdrisat, C. F.
name: Piasetzky, E.
name: Protopopescu, D.
name: Punjabi, V.
name: Qiang, Y.
name: Rachek, I. A.
name: Rakhman, A.
name: Ron, G.
name: Rosner, G.
name: Saha, A.
name: Sawatzky, B.
name: Shahinyan, A.
name: Sirca, S.
name: Sparveris, N.
name: Subedi, R. R.
name: Suleiman, R.
name: Strakovsky, I.
name: Sulkosky, V.
name: Moinelo, J.
name: Voskanyan, H.
name: Wang, K.
name: Wang, Y.
name: Watson, J.
name: Watts, D.
name: Wojtsekhowski, B.
name: Workman, R. L.
name: Yao, H.
name: Zhan, X.
name: Zhang, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: New results are reported from a measurement of $π^0$ electroproduction near threshold using the $p(e,e^{\prime} p)π^0$ reaction. The experiment was designed to determine precisely the energy dependence of $s-$ and $p-$wave electromagnetic multipoles as a stringent test of the predictions of Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT). The data were taken with an electron beam energy of 1192 MeV using a two-spectrometer setup in Hall A at Jefferson Lab. For the first time, complete coverage of the $ϕ^*_π$ and $θ^*_π$ angles in the $p π^0$ center-of-mass was obtained for invariant energies above threshold from 0.5 MeV up to 15 MeV. The 4-momentum transfer $Q^2$ coverage ranges from 0.05 to 0.155 (GeV/c)$^2$ in fine steps. A simple phenomenological analysis of our data shows strong disagreement with $p-$wave predictions from ChPT for $Q^2>0.07$ (GeV/c)$^2$, while the $s-$wave predictions are in reasonable agreement.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
Fast and Robust Small Infrared Target Detection Using Absolute Directional Mean Difference Algorithm
Creators: name: Moradi, Saed
name: Moallem, Payman
name: Sabahi, Mohamad Farzan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Infrared small target detection in an infrared search and track (IRST) system is a challenging task. This situation becomes more complicated when high gray-intensity structural backgrounds appear in the field of view (FoV) of the infrared seeker. While the majority of the infrared small target detection algorithms neglect directional information, in this paper, a directional approach is presented to suppress structural backgrounds and develop a more effective detection algorithm. To this end, a similar concept to the average absolute gray difference (AAGD) is utilized to construct a novel directional small target detection algorithm called absolute directional mean difference (ADMD). Also, an efficient implementation procedure is presented for the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm effectively enhances the target area and eliminates background clutter. Simulation results on real infrared images prove the significant effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
description: The Final version (Accepted in Signal Processing journal)
Die Enzyklika „Evangelii praecones" über die Förderung der katholischen Missionen 1. Teil
Creators: name: Pius XII., Papst
Publisher: name: Herder Korrespondenz
Year: 1970

description: Herder Korrespondenz, Bd. 5 Nr. 11 (1950): Herder Korrespondenz, Band 5, Heft 11
MOESM1 of Potential of the Trifunctional Bispecific Antibody Surek Depends on Dendritic Cells: Rationale for a New Approach of Tumor Immunotherapy
Creators: name: Eissler, Nina
name: Mysliwietz, Josef
name: Deppisch, Nina
name: Ruf, Peter
name: Lindhofer, Horst
name: Mocikat, Ralph
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary material, approximately 700 KB.
Eigenvectors of tensors - A primer
Creators: name: Walcher, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 15A69, 14Q05, Secondary 34A05, 76A15

description: We give an introduction to the theory and to some applications of eigenvectors of tensors (in other words, invariant one-dimensional subspaces of homogeneous polynomial maps), including a review of some concepts that are useful for their discussion. The intent is to give practitioners an overview of fundamental notions, results and techniques.
Unveiling of pyrimidindinones as potential anti-norovirus agents : a pharmacoinformatic-based approach.
Creators: name: Ebenezer, Oluwakemi
name: Damoyi, Nkululeko
name: Jordaan, Maryam A.
name: Shapi, Michael
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) receptor is an attractive target for treating human norovirus (HNV). A computer-aided approach like e-pharmacophore, molecular docking, and single point energy calculations were performed on the compounds retrieved from the Development Therapeutics Program (DTP) AIDS Antiviral Screen Database to identify the antiviral agent that could target the HNV RdRp receptor. Induced-fit docking (IFD) results showed that compounds ZINC1617939, ZINC1642549, ZINC6425208, ZINC5887658 and ZINC32068149 bind with the residues in the active site-B of HNV RdRp receptor via hydrogen bonds, salt bridge, and electrostatic inter?actions. During the molecular dynamic simulations, compounds ZINC6425208, ZINC5887658 and ZINC32068149 displayed an unbalanced backbone conformation with HNV RdRp protein, while ZINC1617939 and ZINC1642549 maintained stability with the protein backbone when interacting with the residues. Hence, the two new concluding compounds discovered by the computational approach can be used as a chemotype to design promising antiviral agents aimed at HNV RdRp.
Additional file 1 of Effects of Erythropoietin in Murine-Induced Pluripotent Cell-Derived Panneural Progenitor Cells
Creators: name: Offen, Nils
name: Flemming, Johannes
name: Kamawal, Hares
name: Ahmad, Ruhel
name: Wolber, Wanja
name: Geis, Christian
name: Zaehres, Holm
name: Schöler, Hans R.
name: Ehrenreich, Hannelore
name: Müller, Albrecht M.
name: Sirén, Anna-Leena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary material, approximately 84.0 KB.
End-to-End Photo-Sketch Generation via Fully Convolutional Representation Learning
Creators: name: Zhang, Liliang
name: Lin, Liang
name: Wu, Xian
name: Ding, Shengyong
name: Zhang, Lei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10

description: Sketch-based face recognition is an interesting task in vision and multimedia research, yet it is quite challenging due to the great difference between face photos and sketches. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for photo-sketch generation, aiming to automatically transform face photos into detail-preserving personal sketches. Unlike the traditional models synthesizing sketches based on a dictionary of exemplars, we develop a fully convolutional network to learn the end-to-end photo-sketch mapping. Our approach takes whole face photos as inputs and directly generates the corresponding sketch images with efficient inference and learning, in which the architecture are stacked by only convolutional kernels of very small sizes. To well capture the person identity during the photo-sketch transformation, we define our optimization objective in the form of joint generative-discriminative minimization. In particular, a discriminative regularization term is incorporated into the photo-sketch generation, enhancing the discriminability of the generated person sketches against other individuals. Extensive experiments on several standard benchmarks suggest that our approach outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in both photo-sketch generation and face sketch verification.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures. Proceeding in ACM International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (ICMR), 2015
PBW degenerations of Lie superalgebras and their typical representations
Creators: name: Fourier, Ghislain
name: Kus, Deniz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce the PBW degeneration for basic classical Lie superalgebras and construct for all type I, $\mathfrak{osp}(1,2n)$ and exceptional Lie superalgebras new monomial bases. These bases are parametrized by lattice points in convex lattice polytopes, sharing useful properties such as the integer decomposition property. This paper is the first step towards extending the framework of PBW degenerations to the Lie superalgebra setting.
LHC constraints on gauge boson couplings to dark matter
Creators: name: Crivellin, Andreas
name: Haisch, Ulrich
name: Hibbs, Anthony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collider searches for energetic particles recoiling against missing transverse energy allow to place strong bounds on the interactions between dark matter (DM) and standard model particles. In this article we update and extend LHC constraints on effective dimension-7 operators involving DM and electroweak gauge bosons. A concise comparison of the sensitivity of the mono-photon, mono-W, mono-Z, mono-W/Z, invisible Higgs-boson decays in the vector boson fusion mode and the mono-jet channel is presented. Depending on the parameter choices, either the mono-photon or the mono-jet data provide the most stringent bounds at the moment. We furthermore explore the potential of improving the current 8 TeV limits at 14 TeV. Future strategies capable of disentangling the effects of the different effective operators involving electroweak gauge bosons are discussed as well.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; v2: reconstruction efficiencies for the different missing transverse energy signals included in the analysis; version to appear in PRD
First-principles study of the Kondo physics of a single Pu impurity in a Th host
Creators: name: Zhu, Jian-Xin
name: Albers, R. C.
name: Haule, K.
name: Wills, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on its condensed-matter properties, crystal structure, and metallurgy, which includes a phase diagram with six allotropic phases, plutonium is one of the most complicated pure elements in its solid state. Its anomalous properties, which are indicative of a very strongly correlated state, are related to its special position in the periodic table, which is at the boundary between the light actinides that have itinerant 5$f$ electrons and the heavy actinides that have localized 5$f$ electrons. As a foundational study to probe the role of local electronic correlations in Pu, we use the local-density approximation together with a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo simulation to investigate the electronic structure of a single Pu atom that is either substitutionally embedded in the bulk and or adsorbed on the surface of a Th host. This is a simpler case than the solid phases of Pu metal, which must also include the interactions between Pu 5$f$ electrons on different Pu atoms. For the Pu impurity atom we have found a Kondo resonance peak, which is an important signature of electronic correlations, in the local density of states around the Fermi energy. Furthermore, we show that the peak width of this resonance is narrower for Pu atoms at the surface of Th than for those in the bulk due to a weakened Pu 5$f$-ligand hybridization at the surface.
description: 6 pages, 5 eps figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. B
MOESM1 of Effects of Erythropoietin in Murine-Induced Pluripotent Cell-Derived Panneural Progenitor Cells
Creators: name: Offen, Nils
name: Flemming, Johannes
name: Kamawal, Hares
name: Ahmad, Ruhel
name: Wolber, Wanja
name: Geis, Christian
name: Zaehres, Holm
name: SchĂśler, Hans
name: Ehrenreich, Hannelore
name: MĂźller, Albrecht
name: SirĂŠn, Anna-Leena
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary material, approximately 84.0 KB.
Classification of Quantum Cellular Automata
Creators: name: Freedman, M.
name: Hastings, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There exists an index theory to classify strictly local quantum cellular automata in one dimension. We consider two classification questions. First, we study to what extent this index theory can be applied in higher dimensions via dimensional reduction, finding a classification by the first homology group of the manifold modulo torsion. Second, in two dimensions, we show that an extension of this index theory (including torsion) fully classifies quantum cellular automata, at least in the absence of fermionic degrees of freedom. This complete classification in one and two dimensions by index theory is not expected to extend to higher dimensions due to recent evidence of a nontrivial automaton in three dimensions. Finally, we discuss some group theoretical aspects of the classification of quantum cellular automata and consider these automata on higher dimensional real projective spaces.
description: 53 pages, 15 figures; v2: minor corrections, final version in press; v3: minor typo corrections
Additional file 1 of Effective methods for bulk RNA-seq deconvolution using scnRNA-seq transcriptomes
Creators: name: Cobos, Francisco Avila
name: Panah, Mohammad Javad Najaf
name: Epps, Jessica
name: Long, Xiaochen
name: Man, Tsz-Kwong
name: Chiu, Hua-Sheng
name: Chomsky, Elad
name: Kiner, Evgeny
name: Krueger, Michael J.
name: di Bernardo, Diego
name: Voloch, Luis
name: Molenaar, Jan
name: van Hooff, Sander R.
name: Westermann, Frank
name: Jansky, Selina
name: Redell, Michele L.
name: Mestdagh, Pieter
name: Sumazin, Pavel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures S1-S7. Includes the presentation of detailed analyses and comparisons of assays and methods.
title: Electrochemistry at liquid/liquid interfaces for metal ion extraction
Creators: name: H. Barker, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The aim of this project was to produce a selective extraction system for the separation of precious metal ions from waste electrolyte streams utilising liquid/liquid electrochemical techniques. During the course of this project the work partitioned into three different aspects of charge transfer: electron transfer, ion transfer and membrane studies. Some fundamental physicochemical properties of liquid/liquid systems were explored. For electron transfer reactions the dependence of the rate of electron transfer on supporting electrolyte concentration in the organic phase for the water/1,2-DCE interface was measured using the technique of interfacial electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. No dependence of the rate of electron transfer on the concentration of the supporting electrolyte in the organic phase was observed. The effect of the solvent on the kinetics of electron transfer has also been examined. The results show that the rate does not follow the expected Marcusian dependence. Several solvents previously unused for liquid/liquid studies have been screened; one solvent in particular, 1,2-difluorobenzene, shows great promise for future work. The ion transfer studies show that platinates can be separated under potential control across the water/1,2-DCE and the water/methyl isobutyl ketone interfaces. Ion transfer and separation of chloroaurate and chloroplatinates have been discussed on the basis of the Galvani potential of ion transfer. Evidence of ion pairing between the platinates and the organic supporting electrolyte cation was found. The thermodynamics of the platinate transfer have also been explored and, in collaboration with Dr Robert Deeth, preliminary density functional theory calculations have been performed to explain the experimental results in terms of a model accounting for the surface charge density of the platinates. This goes further than the classical Born approach of treating the ion as a hard sphere of charge in a dielectric continuum. The ion transfer across membranes has been studied and the results were applied to single and dual membrane supported liquid/liquid interfaces for separating platinates from base metals. [PtCl6]2- transfer across a supported liquid membrane was demonstrated. The scale–up experiments were not successful, but if certain points can be addressed, it may be possible for future studies to build on what has been achieved here. Additional to the three traditional sections of liquid/liquid work, a method of preparing gold nanoparticles has been found using ketones as the reducing agent at the water/ketone interface. The formation of gold mirrors has been observed and nanoparticles have been isolated and characterised.
Modelling the creation of polymer fibres for nonwoven fabrics
Creators: name: Grice, Alan
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91399 Mechanical Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering

description: This project aims to develop a mesh based “Force Calculation Model” of the meltblowing process. To develop this model, the resulting forces due to air flow over the fibre during air-drawing must be calculated. This individually, however, is not enough. The model must be developed parametrically to allow rapid simulation of a variety of die geometries and process parameters. This allows researchers as well as industrial users to predict fibre behaviour and size – and thus the properties of the resulting fibre mats quickly and efficiently. To achieve this, an algorithm to calculate the force on the fibre at any given point with any given air speed and die geometry must be developed. This was achieved using fundamental fluid dynamics models for jets in a free space, which are solved using a Python script and output into MSC MARC, with the corresponding geometry and mesh being automatically created.
Mottness induced superfluid phase fluctuation with increased density
Creators: name: Lang, Zi-Jian
name: Yang, Fan
name: Ku, Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observation of diminishing superfluid phase stiffness upon increasing carrier density in cuprate high-temperature superconductors is unexpected from the quantum density-phase conjugation of superfluidity. Here, through analytic estimation and verified via variational Monte Carlo calculation of an emergent Bose liquid, we point out that Mottness of the underlying carriers can cause a stronger phase fluctuation of the superfluid with increasing carrier density. This effect turns the expected density-increased phase stiffness into a dome shape, in good agreement with the recent observation. Specifically, the effective mass divergence due to "jamming" of the low-energy bosons reproduces the observed nonlinear relation between phase stiffness and transition temperature. Our results suggest a new paradigm, in which unconventional superconductivity in some strongly correlated materials is described by physics of bosonic superfluidity, as opposed to pairing-strength limited Cooper pairing.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Coordinate-independent singular perturbation reduction for systems with three time scales
Creators: name: Kruff, Niclas
name: Walcher, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 92C45, 34E15, 37D10

description: On the basis of recent work by Cardin and Teixeira on ordinary differential equations with more than two time scales, we devise a coordinate-independent reduction for systems with three time scales; thus no a priori separation of variables into fast, slow etc. is required. Moreover we consider arbitrary parameter dependent systems and extend earlier work on Tikhonov-Fenichel parameter values -- i.e. parameter values from which singularly perturbed systems emanate upon small perturbations -- to the three time-scale setting. We apply our results to two standard systems from biochemistry.
Persistent crust-core spin lag in neutron stars
Creators: name: Glampedakis, Kostas
name: Lasky, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is commonly believed that the magnetic field threading a neutron star provides the ultimate mechanism (on top of fluid viscosity) for enforcing long-term corotation between the slowly spun down solid crust and the liquid core. We show that this argument fails for axisymmetric magnetic fields with closed field lines in the core, the commonly used `twisted torus' field being the most prominent example. The failure of such magnetic fields to enforce global crust-core corotation leads to the development of a persistent spin lag between the core region occupied by the closed field lines and the rest of the crust and core. We discuss the repercussions of this spin lag for the evolution of the magnetic field, suggesting that, in order for a neutron star to settle to a stable state of crust-core corotation, the bulk of the toroidal field component should be deposited into the crust soon after the neutron star's birth.
description: 17 pages, 1 figure; v2: minor corrections, matches the version to appear in MNRAS
Sampling expansions associated with quaternion difference equations
Creators: name: Cheng, Dong
name: Kou, Kit Ian
name: Xia, Yonghui
name: Xu, Junfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39A12, 11R52, 41A05, 12E05

description: Starting with a quaternion difference equation with boundary conditions, a parameterized sequence which is complete in finite dimensional quaternion Hilbert space is derived. By employing the parameterized sequence as the kernel of discrete transform, we form a quaternion function space whose elements have sampling expansions. Moreover, through formulating boundary-value problems, we make a connection between a class of tridiagonal quaternion matrices and polynomials with quaternion coefficients. We show that for a tridiagonal symmetric quaternion matrix, one can always associate a quaternion characteristic polynomial whose roots are eigenvalues of the matrix. Several examples are given to illustrate the results.