cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Large-scale protein-protein post-translational modification extraction with distant supervision and confidence calibrated BioBERT
Creators: name: Elangovan, Aparna
name: Li, Yuan
name: Pires, Douglas E. V.
name: Davis, Melissa J.
name: Verspoor, Karin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are critical to normal cellular function and are related to many disease pathways. However, only 4% of PPIs are annotated with PTMs in biological knowledge databases such as IntAct, mainly performed through manual curation, which is neither time nor cost-effective. We use the IntAct PPI database to create a distant supervised dataset annotated with interacting protein pairs, their corresponding PTM type, and associated abstracts from the PubMed database. We train an ensemble of BioBERT models - dubbed PPI-BioBERT-x10 to improve confidence calibration. We extend the use of ensemble average confidence approach with confidence variation to counteract the effects of class imbalance to extract high confidence predictions. The PPI-BioBERT-x10 model evaluated on the test set resulted in a modest F1-micro 41.3 (P =5 8.1, R = 32.1). However, by combining high confidence and low variation to identify high quality predictions, tuning the predictions for precision, we retained 19% of the test predictions with 100% precision. We evaluated PPI-BioBERT-x10 on 18 million PubMed abstracts and extracted 1.6 million (546507 unique PTM-PPI triplets) PTM-PPI predictions, and filter ~ 5700 (4584 unique) high confidence predictions. Of the 5700, human evaluation on a small randomly sampled subset shows that the precision drops to 33.7% despite confidence calibration and highlights the challenges of generalisability beyond the test set even with confidence calibration. We circumvent the problem by only including predictions associated with multiple papers, improving the precision to 58.8%. In this work, we highlight the benefits and challenges of deep learning-based text mining in practice, and the need for increased emphasis on confidence calibration to facilitate human curation efforts.
description: BMC BioInformatics
Final Report on Unemployment after Graduation in the IT Industry in Bangladesh.pdf
Creators: name: Rahman, Gulshan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390303
subject: Higher education
classificationCode: 440709
subject: Public policy

description: This research explores the challenges faced by IT graduates in Bangladesh as they navigate the job market. It examines the significant skills gap between educational curricula and industry requirements, the impact of automation and AI on employment opportunities, and the effectiveness of government initiatives aimed at reducing youth unemployment. By analyzing these factors, the study aims to identify actionable strategies to enhance employability and better align education with the demands of the rapidly evolving IT landscape.
Comparison of the leadership practices of principals of Blue Ribbon Schools with principals of randomly selected schools
Creators: name: Knab, David Kellum
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: Principals have been identified as critical to the success of schools and integral in effective schools to affect lasting reform. To achieve excellence, principals must embrace transformational leadership behaviors to motivate faculty and staff to perform beyond normal levels. In 1982, the Department of Education initiated the Blue Ribbon School Program to recognize excellent schools and to promote the sharing of these schools' successes. Schools must complete a rigorous application process, which includes an extensive application, nomination by the appropriate agency, a review by an independent committee, and a school visit. The purpose of this study is to determine if principals of Blue Ribbon Schools exhibit the five leadership practices as measured by the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) more than principals of non-Blue Ribbon schools. The procedure employed was a correlational research design. Participants included a stratified, simple random sample of 200 Blue Ribbon Schools and the control group included 400 public and private schools that have never received Blue Ribbon School honors. At each school, the principal and a randomly selected faculty member were asked to complete the LPI and a demographic survey. All hypotheses were stated in the null form. Tests for significance were set at.05 level of confidence. The statistical analysis that was conducted for each hypothesis was t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), or Pearson correlation. There were three major findings. First, principals of Blue Ribbon Schools scored significantly higher on the visionary questions of the factor Inspiring a Shared Vision, and the empowerment questions of the factors Challenging the Process and Enabling Others to Act. Second, though principals of Blue Ribbon Schools were older, had higher academic degrees, and had more years of experience than non-Blue Ribbon School principals, differences in LPI scores were of no significance. There were no significant gender differences among principals of Blue Ribbon Schools. Third, there were no significant differences among principals of Blue Ribbon Schools based on type (public versus private), size (small versus large), and location (urban versus suburban/rural). However, there was a statistically significant difference between elementary and secondary principals for the factor Enabling Others to Act.
Classical Stability of Black Branes
Creators: name: Kang, Gungwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Classical stability behaviors of various static black brane backgrounds under small perturbations have been summarized briefly. They include cases of black strings in AdS$_5$ space, charged black $p$-brane solutions in the type II supergravity, and the BTZ black string in four-dimensions. The relationship between dynamical stability and local thermodynamic stability - the so-called Gubser-Mitra conjecture - has also been checked for those cases.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, based on a talk at the 6th International Conference on Gravitation and Astrophysics (ICGA 6), Seoul, Korea, 6-9 Oct 2003
Pigouvian Taxation in a Ramsey World
Creators: name: Boadway, Robin
name: Tremblay, Jean-Francois
name: Boadway, Robin
name: Tremblay, Jean-Francois
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Pigouvian tax
subject: optimal taxes
subject: pollution tax

description: This paper studies the optimal Pigouvian tax for correcting pollution when the government also uses distortionary taxes to raise revenues. When preferences are quasilinear in leisure and additive, the Pigovian tax can be separated from the Ramsey revenue-raising tax. We characterize the relationship between the Pigouvian tax and marginal social damages in a variety of circumstances. In a setting with homogeneous households, the Pigouvian tax exceeds marginal damages if goods have inelastic demands, and vice versa. When households are heterogeneous so taxes can be redistributive, the Pigouvian tax gives more weight to damages suffered by low-income persons. The analysis is extended to allow for costly abatement. In general corrective taxes have to be applied to both emissions and output of the polluting good.
Zero-bias anomalies in electrochemically fabricated nanojunctions
Creators: name: Yu, L. H.
name: Natelson, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A streamlined technique for the electrochemical fabrication of metal nanojunctions (MNJs) between lithographically defined electrodes is presented. The first low-temperature transport measurements in such structures reveal suppression of the conductance near zero-bias. The size of the zero-bias anomaly (ZBA) depends strongly on the fabrication electrochemistry and the dimensions of the resulting MNJ. We present evidence that the nonperturbative ZBA in atomic-scale junctions is due to a density of states suppression in the leads.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Optimal Tax Design and Enforcement with an Informal Sector
Creators: name: Boadway, Robin
name: Sato, Motohiro
name: Boadway, Robin
name: Sato, Motohiro
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: informal sector
subject: optimal taxation
subject: value-added tax
subject: trade taxes

description: An optimal commodity tax approach is taken to compare trade taxes and VATs when some commodities are produced informally. Trade taxes apply to all imports and exports, including intermediate goods while the VAT applies only to sales by the formal sector and imports. The VAT can achieve production efficiency within the formal sector, but unlike the trade tax regime, it cannot indirectly tax pure profits. Making the size of the informal sector endogenous in each regime is potentially decisive. The ability of the government to change the size of the informal sector through costly enforcement may also tip the balance in favor of the VAT.
Comparison of the leadership practices of principals of Blue Ribbon Schools with principals of randomly selected schools
Creators: name: Knab, David Kellum
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Principals have been identified as critical to the success of schools and integral in effective schools to affect lasting reform. To achieve excellence, principals must embrace transformational leadership behaviors to motivate faculty and staff to perform beyond normal levels. In 1982, the Department of Education initiated the Blue Ribbon School Program to recognize excellent schools and to promote the sharing of these schools' successes. Schools must complete a rigorous application process, which includes an extensive application, nomination by the appropriate agency, a review by an independent committee, and a school visit. The purpose of this study is to determine if principals of Blue Ribbon Schools exhibit the five leadership practices as measured by the Leadership Practices Inventory (LPI) more than principals of non-Blue Ribbon schools. The procedure employed was a correlational research design. Participants included a stratified, simple random sample of 200 Blue Ribbon Schools and the control group included 400 public and private schools that have never received Blue Ribbon School honors. At each school, the principal and a randomly selected faculty member were asked to complete the LPI and a demographic survey. All hypotheses were stated in the null form. Tests for significance were set at.05 level of confidence. The statistical analysis that was conducted for each hypothesis was t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), or Pearson correlation. There were three major findings. First, principals of Blue Ribbon Schools scored significantly higher on the visionary questions of the factor Inspiring a Shared Vision, and the empowerment questions of the factors Challenging the Process and Enabling Others to Act. Second, though principals of Blue Ribbon Schools were older, had higher academic degrees, and had more years of experience than non-Blue Ribbon School principals, differences in LPI scores were of no significance. There were no significant gender differences among principals of Blue Ribbon Schools. Third, there were no significant differences among principals of Blue Ribbon Schools based on type (public versus private), size (small versus large), and location (urban versus suburban/rural). However, there was a statistically significant difference between elementary and secondary principals for the factor Enabling Others to Act.
Wave Dark Matter and Ultra Diffuse Galaxies
Creators: name: Pozo, Alvaro
name: Broadhurst, Tom
name: De Martino, Ivan
name: Luu, Hoang Nhan
name: Smoot, George F.
name: Lim, Jeremy
name: Neyrinck, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter as a Bose-Einstein condensate, such as the axionic scalar field particles of String Theory, can explain the coldness of dark matter on large scales. Pioneering simulations in this context predict a rich wave-like structure, with a ground state soliton core in every galaxy surrounded by a halo of excited states that interfere on the de Broglie scale. This de Broglie scale is largest for low mass galaxies as momentum is lower, providing a simple explanation for the wide cores of dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Here we extend these "wave dark matter" ($ψ$DM) predictions to the newly discovered class of "Ultra Diffuse Galaxies" (UDG) that resemble dwarf spheroidal galaxies but with more extended stellar profiles. Currently the best studied example, DF44, has a uniform velocity dispersion of $\simeq 33$km/s, extending to at least 3 kpc, that we show is reproduced by our $ψ$DM simulations with a soliton radius of $\simeq 0.5$ kpc. In the $ψ$DM context, we show the relatively flat dispersion profile of DF44 lies between massive galaxies with compact dense solitons, as may be present in the Milky Way on a scale of 100pc and lower mass galaxies where the velocity dispersion declines centrally within a wide, low density soliton, like Antlia II, of radius 3 kpc.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of How much of skin improvement over time in systemic sclerosis is due to normal ageing? A prospective study with shear-wave elastography
Creators: name: T. Santiago
name: M. Santiago
name: M. Coutinho
name: M. J. Salvador
name: J. A. P. Da Silva
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. ICCs of intra-observer reproducibility of skin stiffness ultrasound measurements performed by the US examiner responsible for this study. Table S2. Shear-wave velocity values and mRSS, per site of analysis, at baseline and follow-up, in SSc patients and controls. Table S3. Shear-wave velocity values, at Rodnan skin sites, between baseline and follow-up, in the patients with SSc according to clinical skin phase of the disease. Table S4. Shear-wave velocity values at Rodnan sites with clinically unaffected skin (i.e. mRSS=0) and in controls, at baseline and follow-up. Table S5. Percentage changes in shear-wave velocity values at Rodnan sites with unaffected skin at baseline (i.e. mRSS=0) and in controls, between baseline and end of follow-up. Table S6. Shear-wave velocity values, at Rodnan skin sites, at baseline and follow-up, in patients with limited vs diffuse SSc. Figure S1. Shear-wave velocity values in the skin Rodnan sites at baseline and follow-up, in SSc patients, according the progression of the skin phase of the disease. Patients in an oedematous phase progressed to a fibrotic (n=3) or atrophic phase (n=2); 11 maintained the fibrotic phase; and 5 progressed from a fibrotic to an atrophic phase. Percentage change values are in medians (Q1-Q3).
Transformation between elastic dipoles, quadrupoles, octupoles and hexadecapoles driven by surfactant self-assembly in nematic emulsion
Creators: name: Senyuk, Bohdan
name: Mozaffari, Ali
name: Crust, Kevin
name: Zhang, Rui
name: de Pablo, Juan J.
name: Smalyukh, Ivan I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emulsions comprising isotropic fluid drops within a nematic host are of interest for applications ranging from biodetection to smart windows, which rely on changes of molecular alignment structures around the drops in response to chemical, thermal, electric and other stimuli. We show that absorption or desorption of trace amounts of common surfactants can drive continuous transformations of elastic multipoles induced by the droplets within the uniformly aligned nematic host. Out-of-equilibrium dynamics of director structures emerge from a controlled self-assembly or desorption of different surfactants at the drop-nematic interfaces, with ensuing forward and reverse transformations between elastic dipoles, quadrupoles, octupoles and hexadecapoles. We characterize inter-transformations of droplet-induced surface and bulk defects, probe elastic pair interactions and discuss emergent prospects for fundamental science and applications of the reconfigurable nematic emulsions.
CP Violation in B -> rho pi: New Physics Signals
Creators: name: Page, Veronique
name: London, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Dalitz-plot analysis of Bd(t) -> rho pi -> pi+ pi- pi0 decays allows one to obtain the CP-violating phase α. In addition, one can extract the various tree (T) and penguin (P) amplitudes contributing to these decays. By comparing the measured value of |P/T| with the theoretical prediction, one can detect the presence of physics beyond the standard model.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure (included), plain LaTeX. Analysis modified: QCD factorization used instead of naive factorization; larger |P/T| range taken; figure changed; other minor changes; references updated. To be published in PRD: Brief Reports
The Extractive Firm’s Cost Spillover Tax for the Extended Hotelling Model
Creators: name: Hartwick, John
name: Bazhanov, Andrei
name: Song, Zhen
name: Hartwick, John
name: Bazhanov, Andrei
name: Song, Zhen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: exhaustible resources
subject: resource rent
subject: competitive extraction
subject: corrective tax

description: We consider a competitive extraction industry comprising many small firms, each with a slightly different quality of mineral holdings. With "rapidly" declining quality of holding per firm we observe rent declining over an interval. We then take up the familiar planning model and iso- late the tax required to make decentralized extraction by many distinct, competitive firms replicate the planning solution.
Funnel Hopping Monte Carlo: An efficient method to overcome broken ergodicity
Creators: name: Finkler, Jonas A.
name: Goedecker, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Monte Carlo simulations are a powerful tool to investigate the thermodynamic properties of atomic systems. In practice however, sampling of the complete configuration space is often hindered by high energy barriers between different regions of configuration space which can make ergodic sampling completely infeasible within accessible simulation times. Although several extensions to the conventional Monte Carlo scheme have been developed, that enable the treatment of such systems, these extensions often entail substantial computational cost or rely on the harmonic approximation. In this work we propose an exact method called Funnel Hopping Monte Carlo (FHMC) that is inspired by the the ideas of smart darting but is more efficient. Gaussian mixtures are used to approximate the Boltzmann distribution around local energy minima which are then used to propose high quality Monte Carlo moves that enable the Monte Carlo simulation to directly jump between different funnels. To fit the Gaussian mixtures we developed an extended version of the expectation-maximization algorithm that is able to take advantage of the high symmetry present in many low energy configurations. We demonstrate the methods performance on the example of the 38 as well as the 75 atom Lennard-Jones clusters which are well known for their double funnel energy landscapes that prevent ergodic sampling with conventional Monte Carlo simulations. By integrating FHMC into the parallel tempering scheme we were able to reduce the number of steps required until convergence of the simulation significantly.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1 of Patterns of helminth infection in Kenyan elephant populations
Creators: name: King’ori, Edward
name: Obanda, Vincent
name: Chiyo, Patrick I.
name: Soriguer, Ramon C.
name: Morrondo, Patrocinio
name: Angelone, Samer
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Egg measurements (in µm) of gastrointestinal nematodes and trematodes infecting African elephants (data compiled from the literature).
New social movements and political process: The politics of hydroelectric power in Switzerland
Creators: name: Lehmann, Luzia M.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation analyzes the mobilization and impact of the ecology movement mobilizing against and challenging hydroelectric power plants in the Alps. It argues that the political process model is the most fruitful framework for such a study, linking a political system's structural constraints and opportunities to movement action via organizational resources. The mobilization process resulting in movement impact is conceived as an interactive process among social movements, authorities, other opponents, and potential counter movements. The case study method is then used to analyze three action campaigns launched against hydro power plants in Graubunden since the 1970s: Ilanz I and II, Greina, and Curciusa. In terms of the movement's narrow goal of preventing a plant, Ilanz I and II is a failure, Greina a success, and Curciusa ambiguous. Yet the author defines movement impact more broadly, including procedural, reactive and proactive substantive impact, and structural impact, changes in the alliance/conflict system, and social learning. Based on the evidence from the case studies, these factors affect movement outcome positively: visibility in the media and framing the debate, adjusting the target level and movement repertoire to the opportunity structure and the spatial concentration of the issue, proactivity, and organizational resources with a well developed division of labor, internal communication, and a non-partisan alliance system at all levels. There are two main conceptual contributions. First, the author analyzes the political opportunity structure at all levels of the federal polity--the national, cantonal, and communal--as well as the interplay among the levels. The fact that the cantonal and communal levels exhibit more elements of closure than the national level helps explain differences in movements' organizational resources, movement repertoire, targeting of movement action, and thus movement impact. Second, the author develops the spatial concentration of the issue, a variable posited and confirmed to have an impact on mobilization and impact via organizational resources: characteristics of the geographical and political space pertaining to the contentious issue may add constraints to mobilization. The variable turns out to be a crucial part of the political process model in explaining the three action campaigns and their outcome.
Migrant Farmworkers in Wisconsin
Creators: name: Slesinger, Doris P.
name: Slesinger, Doris P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: Migrant farmworkers all over the country face the same problems—too little money, poor health, and too little schooling. These are the problems of migrants who rely on farmwork for their livelihood, not the part-timers who work on farms during vacation from high school or between semesters at college. This article documents the situation for Wisconsin's migrants, most of whom travel over 4,000 miles each year in search of work.
Multi-modal data fusion of Voice and EMG data for Robotic Control
Creators: name: Mohd, Tauheed Khan
name: Carvalho, Jackson
name: Javaid, Ahmad Y
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Wearable electronic equipment is constantly evolving and is increasing the integration of humans with technology. Available in various forms, these flexible and bendable devices sense and can measure the physiological and muscular changes in the human body and may use those signals to machine control. The MYO gesture band, one such device, captures Electromyography data (EMG) using myoelectric signals and translates them to be used as input signals through some predefined gestures. Use of this device in a multi-modal environment will not only increase the possible types of work that can be accomplished with the help of such device, but it will also help in improving the accuracy of the tasks performed. This paper addresses the fusion of input modalities such as speech and myoelectric signals captured through a microphone and MYO band, respectively, to control a robotic arm. Experimental results obtained as well as their accuracies for performance analysis are also presented.
Generalized q-Deformed Symplectic sp(4) Algebra for Multi-shell Applications
Creators: name: Sviratcheva, K. D.
name: Georgieva, A. I.
name: Draayer, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A multi-shell generalization of a fermion representation of the q-deformed compact symplectic sp_q(4) algebra is introduced. An analytic form for the action of two or more generators of the Sp_q(4) symmetry on the basis states is determined and the result used to derive formulae for the overlap between number preserving states as well as for matrix elements of a model Hamiltonian. A second-order operator in the generators of Sp_q(4) is identified that is diagonal in the basis set and that reduces to the Casimir invariant of the sp(4) algebra in the non-deformed limit of the theory. The results can be used in nuclear structure applications to calculate beta-decay transition probabilities and to provide for a description of pairing and higher-order interactions in systems with nucleons occupying more than a single-j orbital.
description: 10 pages
Additional file 1 of Influence on [18F]FDG uptake by cancer cells after anti-PD-1 therapy in an enforced-immune activated mouse tumor
Creators: name: Tomita, Mayu
name: Suzuki, Motofumi
name: Kono, Yusuke
name: Nakajima, Kohei
name: Matsuda, Takuma
name: Kuge, Yuji
name: Ogawa, Mikako
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Analysis of [18F]FDG-PET data to exclude necrotic regions of the tumor. a Mean30% [18F]FDG uptake calculated by PET-CT images in tumors on day 7 (n = 6–7). Data of the non-treatment group and anti PD-1 treated group were quoted and reanalyzed from [11]. b TLG calculated by PET-CT images in tumors on day 7 (n = 6–7). Data of the non-treatment group and anti PD-1 treated group were adopted and reanalyzed from [11]. Data represent the mean ± SEM. Figure S2. CD3 staining of tumor samples in each group. Table S1. Blood glucose levels on day 7 (n = 4). Data represent the mean ± SEM.
Investigation of contributions of the $2_2^+$ resonance in $^6$He via analysis of $^6$He($p$, $p'$)
Creators: name: Ogawa, Shoya
name: Matsumoto, Takuma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the contribution of the $2^{+}_{2}$ resonance in $^6$He to observables via analysis of the $^6$He($p,p'$) reaction by using the continuum-discretized coupled channels method combined with the complex-scaling method. In this study, we obtain the $2^{+}_{2}$ state with the resonant energy 2.25 MeV and the decay width 3.75 MeV and analyse contributions of resonances and nonresonant continuum states to the cross section separately. It is found that the $2^{+}_{2}$ state plays an important role in the energy spectrum. Furthermore, contributions of nonresonant continuum states are also important to clarify the properties of the $2^{+}_{2}$ state.
Rational CFT With Three Characters: The Quasi-Character Approach
Creators: name: Mukhi, Sunil
name: Poddar, Rahul
name: Singh, Palash
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Quasi-characters are vector-valued modular functions having an integral, but not necessarily positive, q-expansion. Using modular differential equations, a complete classification has been provided in arXiv:1810.09472 for the case of two characters. These in turn generate all possible admissible characters, of arbitrary Wronskian index, in order two. Here we initiate a study of the three-character case. We conjecture several infinite families of quasi-characters and show in examples that their linear combinations an generate admissible characters with arbitrarily large Wronskian index. The structure is completely different from the order two case, and the novel coset construction of arXiv:1602.01022 plays a key role in discovering the appropriate families. Using even unimodular lattices, we construct some explicit three-character CFT corresponding to the new admissible characters.
description: Typos corrected and references added. Final version, to appear in JHEP, 29 pages
Additional file 1 of Impact of a postcrash first aid educational program on knowledge, perceived skills confidence, and skills utilization among traffic police officers: a single-arm before-after intervention study
Creators: name: Menti L. Ndile
name: Gift G. Lukumay
name: Bolenius, Karin
name: Outwater, Anne H.
name: Britt-Inger Saveman
name: Backteman-Erlanson, Susann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
New social movements and political process: The politics of hydroelectric power in Switzerland
Creators: name: Lehmann, Luzia M.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This dissertation analyzes the mobilization and impact of the ecology movement mobilizing against and challenging hydroelectric power plants in the Alps. It argues that the political process model is the most fruitful framework for such a study, linking a political system's structural constraints and opportunities to movement action via organizational resources. The mobilization process resulting in movement impact is conceived as an interactive process among social movements, authorities, other opponents, and potential counter movements. The case study method is then used to analyze three action campaigns launched against hydro power plants in Graubunden since the 1970s: Ilanz I and II, Greina, and Curciusa. In terms of the movement's narrow goal of preventing a plant, Ilanz I and II is a failure, Greina a success, and Curciusa ambiguous. Yet the author defines movement impact more broadly, including procedural, reactive and proactive substantive impact, and structural impact, changes in the alliance/conflict system, and social learning. Based on the evidence from the case studies, these factors affect movement outcome positively: visibility in the media and framing the debate, adjusting the target level and movement repertoire to the opportunity structure and the spatial concentration of the issue, proactivity, and organizational resources with a well developed division of labor, internal communication, and a non-partisan alliance system at all levels. There are two main conceptual contributions. First, the author analyzes the political opportunity structure at all levels of the federal polity--the national, cantonal, and communal--as well as the interplay among the levels. The fact that the cantonal and communal levels exhibit more elements of closure than the national level helps explain differences in movements' organizational resources, movement repertoire, targeting of movement action, and thus movement impact. Second, the author develops the spatial concentration of the issue, a variable posited and confirmed to have an impact on mobilization and impact via organizational resources: characteristics of the geographical and political space pertaining to the contentious issue may add constraints to mobilization. The variable turns out to be a crucial part of the political process model in explaining the three action campaigns and their outcome.
Geodesic distance on optimally regularized functional connectomes uncovers individual fingerprints
Creators: name: Abbas, Kausar
name: Liu, Mintao
name: Venkatesh, Manasij
name: Amico, Enrico
name: Kaplan, Alan David
name: Ventresca, Mario
name: Pessoa, Luiz
name: Harezlak, Jaroslaw
name: Goñi, Joaquín
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background: Functional connectomes (FCs), have been shown to provide a reproducible individual fingerprint, which has opened the possibility of personalized medicine for neuro/psychiatric disorders. Thus, developing accurate ways to compare FCs is essential to establish associations with behavior and/or cognition at the individual-level. Methods: Canonically, FCs are compared using Pearson's correlation coefficient of the entire functional connectivity profiles. Recently, it has been proposed that the use of geodesic distance is a more accurate way of comparing functional connectomes, one which reflects the underlying non-Euclidean geometry of the data. Computing geodesic distance requires FCs to be positive-definite and hence invertible matrices. As this requirement depends on the fMRI scanning length and the parcellation used, it is not always attainable and sometimes a regularization procedure is required. Results: In the present work, we show that regularization is not only an algebraic operation for making FCs invertible, but also that an optimal magnitude of regularization leads to systematically higher fingerprints. We also show evidence that optimal regularization is dataset-dependent, and varies as a function of condition, parcellation, scanning length, and the number of frames used to compute the FCs. Discussion: We demonstrate that a universally fixed regularization does not fully uncover the potential of geodesic distance on individual fingerprinting, and indeed could severely diminish it. Thus, an optimal regularization must be estimated on each dataset to uncover the most differentiable across-subject and reproducible within-subject geodesic distances between FCs. The resulting pairwise geodesic distances at the optimal regularization level constitute a very reliable quantification of differences between subjects.
description: 39 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
Universal circles for quasigeodesic flows
Creators: name: Calegari, Danny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57R30, 37C10, 37D40, 53C23, 57M50

description: We show that if M is a hyperbolic 3-manifold which admits a quasigeodesic flow, then pi_1(M) acts faithfully on a universal circle by homeomorphisms, and preserves a pair of invariant laminations of this circle. As a corollary, we show that the Thurston norm can be characterized by quasigeodesic flows, thereby generalizing a theorem of Mosher, and we give the first example of a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold without a quasigeodesic flow, answering a long-standing question of Thurston.
description: This is the version published by Geometry & Topology on 29 November 2006. V4: typsetting corrections
A study of high school mathematics teachers on their attitude towards and use of calculators
Creators: name: Merriweather, Michelle
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: The falling cost of technology, specifically calculators, has enabled schools to integrate the use of calculators into their curriculum. Therefore, teachers not only need to know how to use the technology, but also know how to integrate it into their lessons. This study investigated the effects of the Virginia Network for Technology (VANT) inservice program. VANT Leadership was a two-week intensive inservice program, and VANT Outreach was a survey course which met five times throughout the semester. The following questions were examined: (1) Did the participants who completed the VANT Leadership Institute and VANT Outreach courses use graphing calculators in their classrooms more frequently in the fall of 1997 than when they completed the course. (2) Did those who completed VANT Leadership Institute course have a more positive attitude toward calculator use than those who complete the VANT Outreach course or those teachers who have not taken either course. (3) Did the participants who completed the VANT Leadership Institute and VANT Outreach courses have a more positive attitude in the fall of 1997 than when they completed the course, and (4) How do teachers use graphing calculators in high school mathematics?; An attitude survey was administered after each VANT course and again in the fall of 1997. Differences in scores were obtained to determine if there has been an increase in calculator use. Differences in scores were also obtained to determine if teachers have a more positive attitude in the fall of 1997 than after they completed the VANT course. In addition, six teachers were observed for one week to determine how graphing calculators are used in secondary mathematics. The results indicate a trend that after attending VANT, teachers incorporate technology into the classroom and continue to use it in the years following VANT. In addition, the teachers who participated in VANT have a more positive attitude toward calculator use in the mathematics classroom than when they first completed VANT. However, there was not a significant difference in attitude between those who completed VANT Outreach, VANT Leadership Institute, and those who did not complete either course.
On Beckmann’s Dispersed "Interaction City"
Creators: name: Hartwick, John
name: Bazhanov, Andrei
name: Hartwick, John
name: Bazhanov, Andrei
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Spatial interactions of city residents
subject: productive face-to-face activity

description: Beckmanns interaction model has each resident touching base in face- to-face activity with every other resident, per unit time, at the others residence. We re-work his resulting interaction citywith each resident operating witha Cobb- Douglas utility function. We then turn to a more satisfactory technologyof residents interacting and solve for an interaction city with an explicit payo¤ to resident i for engaging in interaction.
Quantum Theory, Gravity and Second Order Geometry
Creators: name: Kuipers, Folkert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that a consistent coupling of a quantum theory to gravity requires an extension of ordinary `first order' Riemannian geometry to second order Riemannian geometry, which incorporates both a line element and an area element. This extension results in a misalignment between the dimension of the manifold and the dimension of the tangent spaces. In particular, we find that for a 4-dimensional spacetime, tangent spaces become 18-dimensional. We then discuss the construction of physical theories within this framework, which involves the introduction of terms that are quadratic in derivatives in the action. On a flat spacetime, the quadratic sector is perpendicular to the first order sector and only affects the normalization of the path integral, whereas in a curved spacetime the quadratic sector couples to the first order sector. Moreover, we show that, despite the introduction of higher order derivatives, the Ostragradski instability can be avoided, due to an order mixing of the two sectors. Finally, we comment on extensions to higher order geometry and on relations with non-commutative and generalized geometry.
description: 32+12 pages; v2: section 6 improved
A study of high school mathematics teachers on their attitude towards and use of calculators
Creators: name: Merriweather, Michelle
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The falling cost of technology, specifically calculators, has enabled schools to integrate the use of calculators into their curriculum. Therefore, teachers not only need to know how to use the technology, but also know how to integrate it into their lessons. This study investigated the effects of the Virginia Network for Technology (VANT) inservice program. VANT Leadership was a two-week intensive inservice program, and VANT Outreach was a survey course which met five times throughout the semester. The following questions were examined: (1) Did the participants who completed the VANT Leadership Institute and VANT Outreach courses use graphing calculators in their classrooms more frequently in the fall of 1997 than when they completed the course. (2) Did those who completed VANT Leadership Institute course have a more positive attitude toward calculator use than those who complete the VANT Outreach course or those teachers who have not taken either course. (3) Did the participants who completed the VANT Leadership Institute and VANT Outreach courses have a more positive attitude in the fall of 1997 than when they completed the course, and (4) How do teachers use graphing calculators in high school mathematics?; An attitude survey was administered after each VANT course and again in the fall of 1997. Differences in scores were obtained to determine if there has been an increase in calculator use. Differences in scores were also obtained to determine if teachers have a more positive attitude in the fall of 1997 than after they completed the VANT course. In addition, six teachers were observed for one week to determine how graphing calculators are used in secondary mathematics. The results indicate a trend that after attending VANT, teachers incorporate technology into the classroom and continue to use it in the years following VANT. In addition, the teachers who participated in VANT have a more positive attitude toward calculator use in the mathematics classroom than when they first completed VANT. However, there was not a significant difference in attitude between those who completed VANT Outreach, VANT Leadership Institute, and those who did not complete either course.
Additional file 1 of Managing climate change in drinking water reservoirs: potentials and limitations of dynamic withdrawal strategies
Creators: name: Feldbauer, Johannes
name: Kneis, David
name: Hegewald, Tilo
name: Berendonk, Thomas U.
name: Petzoldt, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Additional figures and table.
Farmed and Wild-Caught Shrimp in Kentucky and South Carolina: Consumer Preference for Homegrown by Heroes, Community Supported Fishery, and Other Quality Attributes
Creators: name: Soley, Graham
name: Hu, Wuyang
name: Soley, Graham
name: Hu, Wuyang
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: choice experiment
subject: ecolabels
subject: homegrown by heroes
subject: willingness to pay for seafood

description: As information regarding origin, production method, and environmental certifications characterize a progressing seafood market, scare analysis has been made to understand market responses. This study focuses on consumer preference for wild-caught and farm-raised shrimp with several attributes. These include the Homegrown By Heroes label and Best Aquaculture Practices certification, as well as other existing attributes including the Marine Stewardship Council and each state’s local label. Also considered are hypothetical labels including Community Supported Fishery (CSF) and National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This study surveys consumers in Kentucky and South Carolina while utilizing a choice experiment to elicit willingness-to-pay measures for these various product attributes. Both wild-caught and farm-raised shrimp are considered since these species have significant market potential. Like previous studies, a strong preference for fresh as well as local shrimp was found. Furthermore, preference for Homegrown By Heroes was found to be highly valued by consumers, as well as the NOAA label signifying a federally operated ecolabel. Consumers were also found to value BAP and MSC certifications, two third-party agencies currently existent in the seafood market. Marketing and policy recommendations are given based on consumer willingness to pay estimates for these various seafood attributes in both states.
Propulsion of Spacecrafts to Relativistic Speeds Using Natural Astrophysical Sources
Creators: name: Lingam, Manasvi
name: Loeb, Abraham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we explore from a conceptual standpoint the possibility of using natural astrophysical sources to accelerate spacecrafts to relativistic speeds. We focus on light sails and electric sails, which are reliant on momentum transfer from photons and protons, respectively, because these two classes of spacecrafts are not required to carry fuel on board. The payload is assumed to be stationed near the astrophysical source, and the sail is subsequently unfolded and activated when the source is functional. By considering a number of astrophysical objects such as massive stars, microquasars, supernovae, pulsar wind nebulae, and active galactic nuclei, we show that terminal speeds approaching the speed of light might be realizable under idealized circumstances provided that sufficiently advanced sail materials and control techniques exist. We also investigate the constraints arising from the sail's material properties, the voyage through the ambient source environment, and the passage through the interstellar medium. While all of these considerations pose significant challenges to spacecrafts, our analysis indicates that they are not insurmountable in optimal conditions. Finally, we sketch the implications for carrying out future technosignature searches.
description: Published in The Astrophysical Journal; 22 pages; 4 figures