cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Ghostfinger: a novel platform for fully computational fingertip controllers
Creators: name: de Jong, Staas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.5

description: We present Ghostfinger, a technology for highly dynamic up/down fingertip haptics and control. The overall user experience offered by the technology can be described as that of tangibly and audibly interacting with a small hologram. More specifically, Ghostfinger implements automatic visualization of the dynamic instantiation/parametrization of algorithmic primitives that together determine the current haptic conditions for fingertip action. Some aspects of this visualization are visuospatial: A floating see-through cursor provides real-time, to-scale display of the fingerpad transducer, as it is being moved by the user. Simultaneously, each haptic primitive instance is represented by a floating block shape, type-colored, variably transparent, and possibly overlapping with other such block shapes. Further aspects of visualization are symbolic: Each instance is also represented by a type symbol, lighting up within a grid if the instance is providing output to the user. We discuss the system's user interface, programming interface, and potential applications. This is done from a general perspective that articulates and emphasizes the uniquely enabling role of the principle of computation in the implementation of new forms of instrumental control of musical sound. Beyond the currently presented technology, this also reflects more broadly on the role of Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) in NIME.
description: Proceedings of the International Conference on New Interfaces for Musical Expression, 2017
Module d'Alexander et représentations métabéliennes
Creators: name: Jebali, Hajer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25 ; 57M27

description: It is known, since works of Burde and de Rham, that one can detect the roots of the Alexander polynomial of a knot by the study of the representations of the knot group into the group of the invertible upper triangular $2x2$ matrices. In this work, we propose to generalize this result by considering the representations of the knot group into the group of the invertible upper triangular $nxn$ matrices, $n\geq 2$. This approach will enable us to find the decomposition of the Alexander module with complex coefficients.
description: To appear in Annales Math\'ematiques de Toulouse
Reclaiming the Spirit through the Body: The Nascent Spirituality of Modern Postural Yoga
Creators: name: Sarbacker, Stuart Ray
Publisher: name: Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Year: 2014
Subjects: postural yoga; haṭhayoga; cosmopolitanism; B. K. S. Iyengar; K. Pattabhi Jois; inner dimension; Hindu philosophy; Buddhist philosophy

description: In viewing physical practice as instrumental, traditions of modern postural yoga contain an implicit spirituality that echoes its historical precursors in the medieval traditions of haṭhayoga. The physicality of modern postural yoga tradition links the practices of premodern haṭhayoga traditions with disciplines of body that are characteristic of modern cosmopolitanism, such as gymnastics and calisthenics. The principal modern yoga gurus of the twentieth century—such as B. K. S. Iyengar and K. Pattabhi Jois—viewed postural yoga as distinct from purely physical disciplines on the basis that yoga has an inner dimension that other systems do not possess. Contemporary yoga practitioners have sought to make this inner dimension more transparent through appeals to traditional Hindu and Buddhist philosophy and by adopting practices that are explicitly contemplative or spiritual in nature.
description: Entangled Religions, Vol 1 (2014)
Efficacy and safety comparison of combination of 0.04% tretinoin microspheres plus 1% clindamycin versus their monotherapy in patients with acne vulgaris: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind study
Creators: name: Dogra, Sunil
name: Sumathy, T. K.
name: Nayak, Chitra
name: Ravichandran, G.
name: Vaidya, Pradyumna Prakash
name: Mehta, Suyog
name: Mittal, Rajan
name: Mane, Amey
name: Charugulla, Sujeet Narayan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Background and objectives: There is an unmet need for topical treatments with good tolerability in management of acne vulgaris. The present study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of a novel tretinoin (microsphere, 0.04%) formulation in combination with clindamycin (1%) gel for treatment of acne vulgaris. Materials and methods: This phase 3 randomized, double-blind study included patients with moderate-to-severe acne. Patients were treated with tretinoin (microsphere, 0.04%) + clindamycin (1%) or one of the monotherapies (tretinoin, 0.025%; clindamycin, 1%). Key endpoints included percent change in lesion counts, and improvement in Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA) score. Results: 750 patients were randomized (combination, n = 300; tretinoin and clindamycin, each n = 150). At week 12, reductions in inflammatory (77%), non-inflammatory (71%) and total lesions (73%) were significantly greater with combination treatment versus either monotherapy (p p Conclusion: The once-daily, microsphere-based formulation was generally tolerable with a positive impact on therapeutic outcomes and patients’ compliance. ClinicalTrial Registration No.: CTRI/2014/08/004830
Insights into lithium manganese oxide-water interfaces using machine learning potentials
Creators: name: Eckhoff, Marco
name: Behler, Jörg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Unraveling the atomistic and the electronic structure of solid-liquid interfaces is the key to the design of new materials for many important applications, from heterogeneous catalysis to battery technology. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations can in principle provide a reliable description of such interfaces, but the high computational costs severely restrict the accessible time and length scales. Here, we report machine learning-driven simulations of various interfaces between water and lithium manganese oxide (Li$_x$Mn$_2$O$_4$), an important electrode material in lithium ion batteries and a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. We employ a high-dimensional neural network potential (HDNNP) to compute the energies and forces several orders of magnitude faster than DFT without loss in accuracy. In addition, a high-dimensional neural network for spin prediction (HDNNS) is utilized to analyze the electronic structure of the manganese ions. Combining these methods, a series of interfaces is investigated by large-scale molecular dynamics. The simulations allow us to gain insights into a variety of properties like the dissociation of water molecules, proton transfer processes, and hydrogen bonds, as well as the geometric and electronic structure of the solid surfaces including the manganese oxidation state distribution, Jahn-Teller distortions, and electron hopping.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures
Potential effects of climate change on the distribution of invasive bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus in China
Creators: name: Peng, Li Qing
name: Tang, Min
name: Liao, Jia Hong
name: Qing, Hai Fen
name: Zhao, Zhen Kun
name: Pike, David A.
name: Chen, Wei
Publisher: name: Acta Herpetologica
Year: 2020

description: Climate plays important roles in determining the geographical distribution of species, including the invasion area of alien species. Little is known, however, about the influence of climate change on the distribution area of invasive amphibian species in China. We adopted a maximum entropy model to predict the potential suitable invasive range of invasive bullfrogs Lithobates catesbeianus in China under two future climate scenarios in 2050 and 2070. Our results reveal that bullfrogs were mainly distributed in East and Central China at present, and the suitable area for the species may decrease in future. This suggests that climate change may negatively impact this alien-invasive species.
description: Acta Herpetologica, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Acta Herpetologica 15(2) 2020
Dissolution kinetics of Widmanstatten Ag₂Al precipitates
Creators: name: Sagoe-Crentsil, Kwesi Kurentsir
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A combination of SEM and electron-probe studies have been conducted on the dissolution of Widmanstatten γ(Ag₂Al) plates in Al-15.3 wt.% Ag between the temperatures 458°C and 494°C. Individual rather than averaged kinetic events have been monitored in all cases. The mechanism of dissolution observed at the plate tip was found to be different from that operative at the broadface. Precipitates shorten linearly at volume diffusion controlled rates according to the Horvay-Cahn , Zener-Hillert and Jones-Trivedi analyses, adapted for the case of dissolution. The kinetics of thinning were observed to be two orders of magnitude slower than volume diffusion controlled rates indicating an interface-controlled reaction. This interfacial inhibition has further been confirmed by the consistent fall of the interface concentration value below equilibrium solubility values as determined from the electron probe measurements. The electron probe measurements give similar diffusion distances at the tip and broadface and would require short circuit diffusion from the tip to the broadface to be in agreement with the kinetic results. A mechanism to explain the overall reaction has been proposed.
Measuring cosmological parameters with a luminosity-time correlation of gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Hu, J. P.
name: Wang, F. Y.
name: Dai, Z. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), as a possible probe to extend the Hubble diagram to high redshifts, have attracted much attention recently. In this paper, we select two samples of GRBs that have a plateau phase in X-ray afterglow. One is short GRBs with plateau phases dominated by magnetic dipole (MD) radiations. The other is long GRBs with gravitational-wave (GW) dominated plateau phases. These GRBs can be well standardized using the correlation between the plateau luminosity $L_0$ and the end time of plateau $t_b$. The so-called circularity problem is mitigated by using the observational Hubble parameter data and Gaussian process method. The calibrated \ltb ~correlations are also used to constrain $Λ$CDM and $w(z)$ = $w_{0}$ models. Combining the MD-LGRBs sample from Wang et al. (2021) and the MD-SGRBs sample, we find $Ω_{m} = 0.33_{-0.09}^{+0.06}$ and $Ω_Λ$ = $1.06_{-0.34}^{+0.15}$ excluding systematic uncertainties in the nonflat $Λ$CDM model. Adding type Ia supernovae from Pantheon sample, the best-fitting results are $w_{0}$ = $-1.11_{-0.15}^{+0.11}$ and $Ω_{m}$ = $0.34_{-0.04}^{+0.05}$ in the $w=w_0$ model. These results are in agreement with the $Λ$CDM model. Our result supports that selection of GRBs from the same physical mechanism is crucial for cosmological purposes.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Tuneable spin injection in high-quality graphene with one-dimensional contacts
Creators: name: Guarochico-Moreira, Victor H.
name: Sambricio, Jose L.
name: Omari, Khalid
name: Anderson, Christopher R.
name: Bandurin, Denis A.
name: Toscano-Figueroa, Jesus C.
name: Natera-Cordero, Noel
name: Watanabe, Kenji
name: Taniguchi, Takashi
name: Grigorieva, Irina V.
name: Vera-Marun, Ivan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spintronics involves the development of low-dimensional electronic systems with potential use in quantum-based computation. In graphene, there has been significant progress in improving spin transport characteristics by encapsulation and reducing impurities, but the influence of standard two-dimensional (2D) tunnel contacts, via pinholes and doping of the graphene channel, remains difficult to eliminate. Here, we report the observation of spin injection and tuneable spin signal in fully-encapsulated graphene, enabled by van der Waals heterostructures with one-dimensional (1D) contacts. This architecture prevents significant doping from the contacts, enabling high-quality graphene channels, currently with mobilities up to 130,000 cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$ and spin diffusion lengths approaching 20 $μ$m. The nanoscale-wide 1D contacts allow spin injection both at room and at low temperature, with the latter exhibiting efficiency comparable with 2D tunnel contacts. At low temperature, the spin signals can be enhanced by as much as an order of magnitude by electrostatic gating, adding new functionality.
description: Manuscript and Supporting Information
Confirming Lessona’s brown frogs distribution sketch: Rana temporaria is present on Turin Hills (Piedmont, NW Italy)
Creators: name: Marino, Davide
name: Crottini, Angelica
name: Andreone, Franco
Publisher: name: Acta Herpetologica
Year: 2020

description: The presence of Rana temporaria on Turin Hills (Piedmont NW Italy) has been confirmed through morphological and molecular analyses. Breeding individuals of this species were found at two sites and assessed by either morpho-chromatic and genetics. This new finding represents an interesting confirmation of ancient record reported in 1877 by the renowned naturalist Michele Lessona, and highlights that the species is likely quite cryptical and secretive and has a distribution wider than formerly presumed.
description: Acta Herpetologica, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Acta Herpetologica 15(2) 2020
Phylogenetic relationships of the Italian populations of Horseshoe Whip Snake Hemorrhois hippocrepis (Serpentes, Colubridae)
Creators: name: Faraone, Francesco Paolo
name: Melfi, Raffaella
name: Di Nicola, Matteo Riccardo
name: Giacalone, Gabriele
name: Lo Valvo, Mario
Publisher: name: Acta Herpetologica
Year: 2020

description: Hemorrhois hippocrepis is a colubrid snake with a West Mediterranean distribution. It is widespread in the Iberian Peninsula and Northwest Africa. The only Italian populations are found on the islands of Sardinia and Pantelleria. The phylogenetic relationships of these insular populations have been analysed for the first time on the basis of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene. The sequences were compared with those available from the geographic range of this species. The analyses showed that the Italian samples are part of a lineage that groups Tunisian and East Algerian samples, with which they share the same haplotype. These results strongly support the hypothesis of a recent origin of the Italian populations of Hemorrhois hippocrepis, probably determined by human-mediated dispersal from North Africa.
description: Acta Herpetologica, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Acta Herpetologica 15(2) 2020
Bursting Bubbles: Clustered Supernova Feedback in Local and High-redshift Galaxies
Creators: name: Orr, Matthew E.
name: Fielding, Drummond B.
name: Hayward, Christopher C.
name: Burkhart, Blakesley
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare an analytic model for the evolution of supernova-driven superbubbles with observations of local and high-redshift galaxies, and the properties of intact HI shells in local star-forming galaxies. Our model correctly predicts the presence of superwinds in local star-forming galaxies (e.g., NGC 253) and the ubiquity of outflows near $z \sim 2$. We find that high-redshift galaxies may `capture' 20-50\% of their feedback momentum in the dense ISM (with the remainder escaping into the nearby CGM), whereas local galaxies may contain $\lesssim$10\% of their feedback momentum from the central starburst. Using azimuthally averaged galaxy properties, we predict that most superbubbles stall and fragment \emph{within} the ISM, and that this occurs at, or near, the gas scale height. We find a consistent interpretation in the observed HI bubble radii and velocities, and predict that most will fragment within the ISM, and that those able to break-out originate from short dynamical time regions (where the dynamical time is shorter than feedback timescales). Additionally, we demonstrate that models with constant star cluster formation efficiency per Toomre mass are inconsistent with the occurrence of outflows from high-$z$ starbursts and local circumnuclear regions.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJL
title: Structural and functional neuroimaging using quantitative susceptibility mapping and ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging
Creators: name: Lancione, Marta
Publisher: name: IMT Alti Studi Lucca
Year: 2021

description: In the last decade, Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has been proven a promising Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) tool for the non-invasive quantification of clinically relevant biomarkers, such as iron stores and myelination. The relative simplicity of QSM implementation, which does not require dedicated hardware or acquisition sequence, and its validation with histological evidence favored the diffusion of this technique in the clinical practice, particularly in the diagnosis and follow-up of neurodegenerative diseases. In this thesis, we discussed a critical issue affecting quantification, namely the dependence on acquisition parameters, and its implications for clinical and fundamental research. Specifically, we investigated QSM potential in the study of synucleinopathies, that is a group of neurodegenerative disorders including Multiple System Atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and its capability of detecting brain function via functional QSM (fQSM). As a first step, we assessed how TE-dependence affects QSM intra- and inter-scanner reproducibility by performing repeated measurements on the same participants acquired with both a 3T and a 7T scanner. Then, we explored the impact of TE on the diagnostic accuracy of this technique by acquiring multi-echo data at 7T on MSA patients with Parkinsonian and cerebellar phenotypes and a group of Healthy Controls (HC). In this study, we also assessed the potential of histogram analysis in enhancing QSM diagnostic power. In a third work, we aimed to identify a presymptomatic biomarker in patients at risk for synucleinopathies using 7T QSM. Specifically, we measured and compared iron deposition in nigrosome 1 (a small ovoid-shaped structure located within the dorsolateral portion of the Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc)) of PD, idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD) patients and HC. Finally, we implemented fQSM and explored its potential compared to fMRI using xii 7T MRI, a stimulation paradigm for tonotopic mapping, and univariate and multivariate analysis approaches. Overall, these studies emphasize the importance of QSM in both structural and functional studies and prove that QSM is a versatile and powerful tool for a wide range of neuroimaging applications.
A bibliometric-mapping approach to identifying patterns and trends in amphibian decline research
Creators: name: Angelini, Claudio
name: Bielby, Jon
name: Costa, Corrado
Publisher: name: Acta Herpetologica
Year: 2020

description: Amphibian decline is one of the most severe and well-documented examples of immediacy of the ongoing biodiversity crisis. In this study we analyze the scientific literature on amphibian declines with a view to identifying and analyzing emerging patterns within this large, and growing, body of knowledge. Focussing on peer-reviewed papers published between 1977 and 2018, we identified a total of 2,619 scientific publications, from the Scopus database. Using a visual-clustering approach, which allows us to investigate patterns and trends of research topics, we developed term-maps to identify how key terms cluster into research areas, and whether geographic patterns exist in the scientific literature on this subject. Overall, the average annual growth rate of the number of studies published on amphibian declines was 109.3%, with a decisive increase since 2001. The term map analysis revealed four main research areas: i) ecology; ii) causes and consequences of pollution; iii) global threats and extinction risk; and iv) pathogens (which includes many current publications, especially those focused on chytridiomycosis). We confirm the existence of a geographical research bias in the study of amphibian decline, with studies mainly located in western countries, which harbour a smaller number of threatened species. In contrast, studies on threatened species are consistently underrepresented. The literature on amphibian declines has increased at a greater rate than general amphibian literature, highlighting the possibility that the observed amphibian decline has been a driver for amphibian research.
description: Acta Herpetologica, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Acta Herpetologica 15(2) 2020
First karyological analysis of the endemic Malagasy phantom gecko Matoatoa brevipes (Squamata: Gekkonidae)
Creators: name: Mezzasalma, Marcello
name: Guarino, Fabio
name: Loader, Simon
name: Odierna, Gaetano
name: Streicher, Jeffrey
name: Cooper, Natalie
Publisher: name: Acta Herpetologica
Year: 2020

description: The genus Matoatoa includes two Malagasy endemic species, M. brevipes and M. spannringi. Due to their cryptic behaviour, the two species are known only from a handful of specimens and have been included in few molecular studies. Here we carried out a molecular barcoding analysis using a fragment of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) and the first chromosomal analysis of M. brevipes. The molecular analysis confirmed the identity of the studied samples as M. brevipes. However, the level of genetic divergence (4% uncorrected p-distance) between our samples and other sequences of M. brevipes, suggests previously unrecognised diversity within the species. The karyotype of M. brevipes is composed of 2n = 34 chromosomes: the first pair is metacentric, while all the other pairs are telocentric and gradually decreasing in length (Arm Number, AN = 36). C-banding revealed little evidence of centromeric heterochromatin, while NOR-associated heterochromatin was found on the telomeres of a medium sized telocentric pair. No heteromorphic chromosome pairs were found in the karyotype of the species, suggesting that putative sex chromosomes are at an early stage of differentiation. Karyological comparisons with closely related species were performed with Christinus marmoratus, and representatives of the genera Phelsuma, Ebenavia, Paroedura and Uroplatus. Comparisons across genera suggest that chromosome diversification in this group of geckos probably occurred by means of chromosome fusions and inversions, leading to a reduction of the chromosome number and the formation of biarmed elements in different species.
description: Acta Herpetologica, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Acta Herpetologica 15(2) 2020
The Generalized Uncertainty Principle in (A)dS Space and the Modification of Hawking Temperature from the Minimal Length
Creators: name: Park, Mu-in
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the Heisenberg's uncertainty principle has been extended to incorporate the existence of a large (cut-off) length scale in de Sitter or anti-de Sitter space, and the Hawking temperatures of the Schwarzshild-(anti) de Sitter black holes have been reproduced by using the extended uncertainty principle. I generalize the extended uncertainty to the case with an absolute minimum length and compute its modification to the Hawking temperature. I obtain a general trend that the generalized uncertainty principle due to the absolute minimum length ``always'' increases the Hawking temperature, implying ``faster'' decay, which is in conformity with the result in the asymptotically flat space. I also revisit the ``black hole-string'' phase transition, in the context of the generalized uncertainty principle.
description: Accepted in Physics Letters B
Accelerated simulation method for charge regulation effects
Creators: name: Curk, Tine
name: Yuan, Jiaxing
name: Luijten, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The net charge of solvated entities, ranging from polyelectrolytes and biomolecules to charged nanoparticles and membranes, depends on the local dissociation equilibrium of individual ionizable groups. Incorporation of this phenomenon, \emph{charge regulation}, in theoretical and computational models requires dynamic, configuration-dependent recalculation of surface charges and is therefore typically approximated by assuming constant net charge on particles. Various computational methods exist that address this. We present an alternative, particularly efficient charge regulation Monte Carlo method (CR-MC), which explicitly models the redistribution of individual charges and accurately samples the correct grand-canonical charge distribution. In addition, we provide an open-source implementation in the LAMMPS molecular dynamics (MD) simulation package, resulting in a hybrid MD/CR-MC simulation method. This implementation is designed to handle a wide range of implicit-solvent systems that model discreet ionizable groups or surface sites. The computational cost of the method scales linearly with the number of ionizable groups, thereby allowing accurate simulations of systems containing thousands of individual ionizable sites. By matter of illustration, we use the CR-MC method to quantify the effects of charge regulation on the nature of the polyelectrolyte coil--globule transition and on the effective interaction between oppositely charged nanoparticles.
Further Study of an Approach to the Unification of Gauge Symmetries in Theories with Dynamical Symmetry Breaking
Creators: name: Chen, Ning
name: Shrock, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend to larger unification groups an earlier study exploring the possibility of unification of gauge symmetries in theories with dynamical symmetry breaking. Based on our results, we comment on the outlook for models that seek to achieve this type of unification.
description: 8 pages, latex
New submonolayer copper telluride phase on Cu(111) -- ad-chain and trough formation
Creators: name: Hammer, Lutz
name: Kißlinger, Tilman
name: Schneider, M. Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a so far undetected submonolayer phase of copper telluride on Cu(111) with $\left(5 \times \sqrt{3}\right)_{\text{rect}}$ periodicity and coverage of 0.40 ML Tellurium (Te), which can be grown with perfect long-range order. It is structurally characterized by a combination of quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (LEED-IV), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and density functional theory (DFT). We find that Te induces the formation of four atom wide linear troughs within the Cu(111) surface filled up by two Te atoms per unit cell. Additionally, the interspace between the troughs is decorated by Cu$_2$Te$_2$ ad-chains sitting at hcp sites. All Te atoms exhibit the same local sixfold coordination: They occupy threefold hollow sites of the substrate and are one-sided attached to another three Cu atoms. The presented structural model is verified by a LEED-IV analysis with Pendry R-factor of R = 0.174 and quantitative agreement of structural parameters with DFT predictions. It also has by far the lowest energy of all models tested by DFT and simulated STM images agree perfectly with experiment. It turns out that the new $\left(5 \times \sqrt{3}\right)_{\text{rect}}$ phase is the most dense surface telluride phase possible on Cu(111) before bulk-like copper telluride starts to growth.
The Hydrodynamics of Gamma-Ray Burst Remnants
Creators: name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
name: MacFadyen, Andrew I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports on the results of a numerical investigation designed to address how the initially anisotropic appearance of a GRB remnant is modified by the character of the circumburst medium and by the possible presence of an accompanying supernova (SN). Axisymmetric hydrodynamical calculations of light, impulsive jets propagating in both uniform and inhomogeneous external media are presented, which show that the resulting dynamics of their remnants since the onset of the non-relativistic phase is different from the standard self-similar solutions. Because massive star progenitors are expected to have their close-in surroundings modified by the progenitor winds, we consider both free winds and shocked winds as possible external media for GRB remnant evolution. Abundant confirmation is provided here of the important notion that the morphology and visibility of GRB remnants are determined largely by their circumstellar environments. For this reason, their detectability is highly biased in favor of those with massive star progenitors; although, in this class of models, the beamed component may be difficult to identify because the GRB ejecta is eventually swept up by the accompanying SN. The number density of asymmetric GRB remnants in the local Universe could be, however, far larger if they expand in a tenuous interstellar medium, as expected for some short GRB progenitor models. In these sources, the late size of the observable, asymmetric remnant could extend over a wide, possibly resolvable angle and may be easier to constrain directly.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures, emulateapj style, submitted to ApJ
The tropical analogue of polar cones
Creators: name: Gaubert, Stéphane
name: Katz, Ricardo D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52A01; 16Y60; 46A55

description: We study the max-plus or tropical analogue of the notion of polar: the polar of a cone represents the set of linear inequalities satisfied by its elements. We establish an analogue of the bipolar theorem, which characterizes all the inequalities satisfied by the elements of a tropical convex cone. We derive this characterization from a new separation theorem. We also establish variants of these results concerning systems of linear equalities.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures, example added, figures improved, notation changed
On the dynamics of nano-frames
Creators: name: Russillo, Andrea Francesco
name: Failla, Giuseppe
name: Alotta, Gioacchino
name: de Sciarra, Francesco Marotti
name: Barretta, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, size-dependent dynamic responses of small-size frames are modelled by stress-driven nonlocal elasticity and assessed by a consistent finite-element methodology. Starting from uncoupled axial and bending differential equations, the exact dynamic stiffness matrix of a two-node stress-driven nonlocal beam element is evaluated in a closed form. The relevant global dynamic stiffness matrix of an arbitrarily-shaped small-size frame, where every member is made of a single element, is built by a standard finite-element assembly procedure. The Wittrick-Williams algorithm is applied to calculate natural frequencies and modes. The developed methodology, exploiting the one conceived for straight beams in [International Journal of Engineering Science 115, 14-27 (2017)], is suitable for investigating size-dependent free vibrations of small-size systems of current applicative interest in Nano-Engineering, such as carbon nanotube networks and polymer-metal micro-trusses.
Kinetics of the zinc slag fuming process
Creators: name: Richards, Gregory George
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: A study involving in-plant measurements, laboratory analysis and mathematical modelling was conducted to elucidate the kinetics of the zinc slag fuming process. The traditional assumption has been that the process operates at thermodynamic equilibrium. The results of industrial measurements at five different companies has demonstrated that this approach is not correct. Chemical assays of the slag show carbon levels in the range of 0.1 - 1.0% and char particles have been extracted from slag samples. Tuyere back-pressure measurements revealed that the predominant mode of gas injection behavior is bubbling. This evidence indicates that a portion of the coal injected into the furnace is entrained in the slag. A model of the direct coal particle-slag reaction was developed and incorporated into an overall model of the slag bath. This model included the behavior of the water-jacketed wall, a treatment of coal combustion in the tuyere gas stream, and a model of the entrained coal residence time. Fitting of the data to eleven industrial fuming cycles showed that the fraction of coal entering the bath was consistently about 35%. About 50% of the coal is combusted in the tuyere gas stream and 10% passes through the bath unconsumed. Calculated oxygen utilization ranged from 70-95%, dependent on slag depth. The slag fuming process is therefore kinetically controlled. There are essentially two critical parameters: the fraction of coal entrained in the slag, and the rate of ferrous iron oxidation. The rate of ferric reduction balances ferric inputs to the bath by displacing previously reduced zinc from the entrained coal-slag reaction bubbles. Process efficiency can be increased therefore by increasing entrainment of coal in the bath, perhaps by the use of high pressure injection, and by reducing ferrous iron oxidation. The latter objective may be achieved by more complete combustion of tuyere coal or pre-combustion. A significant control advantage might be gained by separating these two functions to different sets of tuyeres. In continuous fuming operations the model would suggest that improved efficiencies could be obtained by using a more coarsely ground coal, higher fixed carbon coals, and operating at intermediate temperatures.
Food composition of a breeding population of the endemic Anatolia newt, Neurergus strauchii (Steindachner, 1887) (Caudata: Salamandridae), from Bingöl, Eastern Turkey
Creators: name: Çiçek, Kerim
name: Koyun, Mustafa
name: Mermer, Ahmet
name: Tok, Cemal Varol
Publisher: name: Acta Herpetologica
Year: 2020

description: The study presents data on the food composition of a breeding population of the Anatolia newt Neurergus strauchii (Steindachner, 1887), from Bingöl, Turkey. A total of 953 prey items were determined in the food contents of 46 individuals (18 males and 28 females) examined in the study. Insecta (63%) and Malacostraca (35%) constitute 97% of the food composition by number. While the most frequently encountered prey groups in the diet are Diptera (87%), Amphipoda (85%), Neurergus eggs (74%), and Coleoptera (37%), the comparison of food composition by volume is Amphipoda (40%), Neurergus eggs (41%), and Diptera (10%) respectively. No significant difference in food niche was observed between the sexes. The species generally fed on aquatic, poor-flying or slow-moving invertebrates.
description: Acta Herpetologica, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Acta Herpetologica 15(2) 2020
A dust component 2 kpc above the plane in NGC 891
Creators: name: Kamphuis, P.
name: Holwerda, B. W.
name: Allen, R. J.
name: Peletier, R. F.
name: van der Kruit, P. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The halo of NGC 891 has been the subject of studies for more than a decade. One of its most striking features is the large asymmetry in H$α$ emission. In this letter, we will take a quantitative look at this asymmetry at different wavelengths for the first time. We suggest that NGC 891 is intrinsically almost symmetric and the large asymmetry in H$α$ emission is mostly due to dust attenuation. We will quantify the additional optical depth needed to cause the observed asymmetry in this model. By comparing large strips on the North East side of the galaxy with strips covering the same area in the South West we can quantify and analyze the asymmetry in the different wavelengths. From the 24 $μ$m emission we find that the intrinsic asymmetry in star formation in NGC 891 is small i.e., $\sim 30%$. The additional asymmetry in H$α$ is modeled as additional symmetric dust attenuation which extends up to $\sim$ 40\arcsec (1.9 kpc) above the plane of the galaxy with a mid-plane value of $τ$=0.8 and a scale height of 0.5 kpc
description: A&A in press. 5 pages, 3 figures
A Large Diameter Millimeter-Wave Low-Pass Filter Made of Alumina with Laser Ablated Anti-Reflection Coating
Creators: name: Takaku, Ryota
name: Wen, Qi
name: Cray, Scott
name: Devlin, Mark
name: Dicker, Simon
name: Hanany, Shaul
name: Hasebe, Takashi
name: Iida, Teruhito
name: Katayama, Nobuhiko
name: Konishi, Kuniaki
name: Kuwata-Gonokami, Makoto
name: Matsumura, Tomotake
name: Mio, Norikatsu
name: Sakurai, Haruyuki
name: Sakurai, Yuki
name: Yamada, Ryohei
name: Yumoto, Junji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We fabricated a 302 mm diameter low-pass filter made of alumina that has an anti-reflection coating (ARC) made with laser-ablated sub-wavelength structures (SWS). The filter has been integrated into and is operating with the MUSTANG2 instrument, which is coupled to the Green Bank Telescope. The average transmittance of the filter in the MUSTANG2 operating band between 75 and 105 GHz is 98%. Reflective loss due to the ARC is 1%. The difference in transmission between the s- and p-polarization states is less than 1%. To within 1% accuracy we observe no variance in these results when transmission is measured in six independent filter spatial locations. The alumina filter replaced a prior MUSTANG2 Teflon filter. Data taken with the filter heat sunk to its nominal 40 K stage show performance consistent with expectations: a reduction of about 50% in filters-induced optical power load on the 300 mK stage, and in in-band optical loading on the detectors. It has taken less than 4 days to laser-ablate the SWS on both sides of the alumina disk. This is the first report of an alumina filter with SWS ARC deployed with an operating instrument, and the first demonstration of a large area fabrication of SWS with laser ablation.
description: This version reflects the published version; 21 pages, 11 figures
Notes on sexual dimorphism, diet and reproduction of the false coral snake Oxyrhopus rhombifer Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854 (Dipsadidae: Pseudoboini) from coastal plains of Subtropical Brazil
Creators: name: Quintela, Fernando M.
name: Caseiro, Felipe
name: Loebmann, Daniel
Publisher: name: Acta Herpetologica
Year: 2020

description: Herein, we provide information on diet, sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology of the false coral snake Oxyrhopus rhombifer from the southernmost Brazilian coast, Pampa Biome, a region under influence of subtropical climatic domains. The analysis of 142 specimens revealed a marked sexual dimorphism, with significant differences for all the characters analyzed. The diet of the species is composed by small rodents and squamate reptiles, the latter consisting mainly of lizard tails, probably autotomized. Males reached sexual maturity at smaller sizes (SVL) than females (354 mm vs 451 mm, respectively). Secondary follicles were found mainly in spring months and one single female presented 3 oviductal eggs in January (summer). Our results add to the knowledge on biology of snakes in the Pampa morphoclimatic domain.
description: Acta Herpetologica, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Acta Herpetologica 15(2) 2020
Stomach histology of Crocodylus siamensis and Gavialis gangeticus reveals analogy of archosaur “gizzards”, with implication on crocodylian gastroliths function
Creators: name: Takasaki, Ryuji
name: Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu
Publisher: name: Acta Herpetologica
Year: 2020

description: Two groups of extant Archosauria, Crocodylia and Neornithes, have two-chambered stomachs and store gastroliths inside their “gizzards”. Morphological similarities of the “gizzards” lead some previous studies to assume that the presence of this structure, organ “gizzard” is synapomorphic to Archosauria. However, the homology of archosaur “gizzards” had never been tested. This study provides general histological descriptions of stomachs of two crocodylian taxa, Crocodylus siamensis and Gavialis gangeticus, to determine the homology of crocodylian and neornithine “gizzards”. Our study demonstrates that both Crocodylus siamensis and Gavialis gangeticus have longer, more complex glands in the fundic stomach (crocodylian “gizzard”) than in the pyloric stomach. Additionally, we found that compound glands are present in the fundic stomach of Crocodylus siamensis. Therefore, crocodylian stomach histomorphological structures are concordant with those of other non-avian reptiles, despite the unique gross morphology. The pyloric regions of non-avian reptile stomachs are known to be homologous with the pyloric regions of mammalian stomachs as well as neornithine ventriculus (neornithine gizzard). Therefore, crocodylian and neornithine “gizzards” are morphologically analogous but not homologous. The presence of PAS-positive layer in the pyloric stomach of Gavialis gangeticus, which resembles the koilin layer of neornithine ventriculus, further supports this interpretation. At the same time, however, the similarity in gastroliths mass/body mass ratio and the correlations between gastroliths occurrence and diet types suggest that crocodylian gastroliths might have contributed to the digestion of ingesta, even though crocodylian and neornithine “gizzards” are not homologous.
description: Acta Herpetologica, Vol. 15 No. 2 (2020): Acta Herpetologica 15(2) 2020
Albert algebras over curves of genus zero and one
Creators: name: Pumpluen, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17C40

description: Albert algebras and other Jordan algebras are constructed over curves of genus zero and one, using a generalization of the Tits process and the first Tits construction due to Achhammer.
description: 37 pages
Response of the Unruh-DeWitt detector in a gravitational wave background
Creators: name: Chen, Bo-Hung
name: Chiou, Dah-Wei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the techniques of light-front quantization to quantize a scalar field in a monochromatic gravitational wave background, we manage to investigate the response of the Unruh-DeWitt detector coupled to a scalar field in the presence of a gravitational wave for the two cases moving along a free-falling trajectory and a constant-accelerating trajectory. The transition rate of the Unruh-DeWitt detector, in both cases, is different from the result with no gravitational wave, and the leading-order correction due to the gravitational wave survives the long-wavelength limit that formally takes the wavelength of the gravitational wave to infinity. This new effect of the gravitational wave on a quantum system is qualitatively different from that on a classical mechanical system, and cannot be understood in terms of gravitational wave tidal force.
description: 32 pages, 2 figures; contains some of the same material in arXiv:1605.06656; v2: various minor improvements made, version to appear in PRD
Landouria dharmai Nurinsiyah & Neiber & Hausdorf 2019, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Nurinsiyah, Ayu Savitri
name: Neiber, Marco T.
name: Hausdorf, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Stylommatophora
Camaenidae
Landouria
Landouria dharmai

description: Landouria dharmai sp. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B4620BC6-38C3-4E3D-AA72-46B82D2D1CB8
Figs 55, 86; Tables 3–4
Landouria ciliocincta – Dharma 2015: 8, pl. 1, fig. 3 (in part). (not Möllendorff, 1897)
Diagnosis
Landouria dharmai sp. nov. is characterized by a conical, whitish shell with a reddish-brown band at the angular periphery and a moderately wide umbilicus.
Etymology
Landouria dharmai sp. nov. is named in honour of the Indonesian malacologist Bunjamin Dharma, who discovered this species.
Material examined
Holotype
INDONESIA • holotype (voucher for L. ciliocincta in Dharma 2015: pl. 1, fig. 3); East Java, Tulungagung, Popoh; 8°16′ S, 111°48′ E; B. Dharma leg.; MZB 21272.
Description
SHELL (Fig. 86; Tables 3–4). Conical, with 5.5 slightly convex whorls; protoconch almost smooth; teleoconch with fine, irregular wrinkles; apical side with indistinct incised spiral lines, umbilical side with more distinct spiral lines; scaly processes not observed; tuberculate around umbilicus; whitish with a reddish-brown band at periphery; body whorl angular; aperture oval; upper insertion of peristome descending; peristome expanded, reflexed and slightly thickened; umbilicus slightly eccentric, moderately wide, comprising 18% of shell diameter, hardly obscured by columellar edge.
GENITALIA. Unknown.
Remarks
Landouria dharmai sp. nov. differs from L. ciliocincta (Figs 83–84), in which it was included by Dharma (2015), in the smaller (D 9.9 mm vs 12.4–15.6 mm in L. ciliocincta), higher conical (D/H 1.39 vs 1.86– 2.12 in L. ciliocincta), less sharply keeled shell with a narrower umbilicus (U/D 0.18 vs 0.24–0.30 in L. ciliocincta).
Distribution
Landouria dharmai sp. nov. is endemic to Tulungagung Regency in East Java (Fig. 55).
description: Published as part of Nurinsiyah, Ayu Savitri, Neiber, Marco T. & Hausdorf, Bernhard, 2019, Revision of the land snail genus Landouria Godwin-Austen, 1918 (Gastropoda, Camaenidae) from Java, pp. 1-73 in European Journal of Taxonomy 526 on pages 64-65, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.526, http://zenodo.org/record/3152217
Two-dimensional gravity from vanishing metrical dimensions
Creators: name: Gera, Suvikranth
name: Sengupta, Sandipan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain a dynamical formulation of two-dimensional gravity from a non-Einsteinian phase in higher dimensions $(D=3+2n)$. The formalism is associated with (at least) one extra dimension of vanishing proper length, thus being inequivalent to either a Kaluza-Klein compactification or the Mann-Ross dimensional reduction defined upon a singular limit. The emergent solutions admit any arbitrary curvature in contrast with Jackiw-Teitelboim constant curvature gravity. We present the static and homogeneous solutions as explicit examples. The effective field equations are shown to remain unaffected by the inclusion of higher Lovelock terms beyond Einstein.
description: 16 pages, matches the journal version