cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Probing Intracluster Magnetic Fields with Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization
Creators: name: Ohno, Hiroshi
name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Dolag, Klaus
name: Bartelmann, Matthias
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intracluster magnetic fields with $ \sim μG $ strength induce Faraday rotation on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. Measurements of this effect can potentially probe the detailed structure of intracluster magnetic fields across clusters, since the CMB polarization is a continuously varying field on the sky, in contrast to the conventional method restricted by the limited number of radio sources behind or inside a cluster. We here construct a method for extracting information on magnetic fields from measurements of the effect, combined with possible observations of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and X-ray emission for the same cluster which are needed to reconstruct the electron density fields. Employing the high-resolution magneto-hydrodynamic simulations performed by Dolag, Bartelmann & Lesch (1999) as a realistic model of magnetized intracluster gas distribution, we demonstrate how our reconstruction technique can well reproduce the magnetic fields, i.e., the spherically average radial profiles of the field strength and the coherence length.
description: 20pages, 10figures, accepted for publication in APJ
Up to date techniques used to extend the meat shelf life
Creators: name: Shaltout, F.
Publisher: name: gjrpublication
Year: 2024

description: The shelf life of the meat and the meat products is the storage time until spoilage, which is a complex condition in which the combination of biological and physico-chemical activities may interact and make the product unacceptable for the human consumption.

A maximum acceptable microbial level and/or unacceptable off-odor and off-flavor identify the exact point of spoilage, which is strictly dependent on the initial numbers and types of contaminating microorganisms, their growth, lipid oxidation, and autolytic enzymatic reactions. Meat and fish, due to their physico-chemical characteristics, are excellent basic nutrients for microbial activity. Indeed, the pH, aw (activity water) and high moisture values can support the growth of a wide variety of microorganisms.
CloudifierNet -- Deep Vision Models for Artificial Image Processing
Creators: name: Damian, Andrei
name: Piciu, Laurentiu
name: Purdila, Alexandru
name: Tapus, Nicolae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Today, more and more, it is necessary that most applications and documents developed in previous or current technologies to be accessible online on cloud-based infrastructures. That is why the migration of legacy systems including their hosts of documents to new technologies and online infrastructures, using modern Artificial Intelligence techniques, is absolutely necessary. With the advancement of Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning with its multitude of applications, a new area of research is emerging - that of automated systems development and maintenance. The underlying work objective that led to this paper aims to research and develop truly intelligent systems able to analyze user interfaces from various sources and generate real and usable inferences ranging from architecture analysis to actual code generation. One key element of such systems is that of artificial scene detection and analysis based on deep learning computer vision systems. Computer vision models and particularly deep directed acyclic graphs based on convolutional modules are generally constructed and trained based on natural images datasets. Due to this fact, the models will develop during the training process natural image feature detectors apart from the base graph modules that will learn basic primitive features. In the current paper, we will present the base principles of a deep neural pipeline for computer vision applied to artificial scenes (scenes generated by user interfaces or similar). Finally, we will present the conclusions based on experimental development and benchmarking against state-of-the-art transfer-learning implemented deep vision models.
description: ITQM 2019
Economic Accessibility of Forest Resources in the Novgorod Region, Russia
Creators: name: Michie, Bruce
name: Pussinen, Ari
name: Saramaki, Kaija
name: Michie, Bruce
name: Pussinen, Ari
name: Saramaki, Kaija
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: forest inventory
subject: GIS

description: The European part of Russia forms as important and growing part of total timber trade of Europe. While forest resources in the European part of Russia are vast, the accessibility of these resources limits their potential use. Economic accessibility of forest resource can be calculated based on forest inventory data as well as from satellite based forest resource information. The economic accessibility calculated in this study is based on the costs occurring from harvesting, forwarding, road side processing, transportation to lower landing or leskhoz center and reforestation. Comparing the two different forest resource information data there is only a slight difference in the results. It can be assumed that the forest resource data obtained from the satellite images is just as reliable as the traditional forest inventory data. In terms of western economics all forests in the seven leskhozes studied can be considered economically accessible. Further attention should be given to the accuracy of the harvesting costs and to costs occurring in different harvesting chains
An Automatic Genetic Algorithm Framework for the Optimization of Three-dimensional Surgical Plans of Forearm Corrective Osteotomies
Creators: name: Carrillo, Fabio
name: Roner, Simon
name: von Atzigen, Marco
name: Schweizer, Andreas
name: Nagy, Ladislav
name: Vlachopoulos, Lazaros
name: Snedeker, Jess G.
name: Fürnstahl, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: 3D computer-assisted corrective osteotomy has become the state-of-the-art for surgical treatment of complex bone deformities. Despite available technologies, the automatic generation of clinically acceptable, ready-to-use preoperative planning solutions is currently not possible for such pathologies. Multiple contradicting and mutually dependent objectives have to be considered, as well as clinical and technical constraints, generally requiring iterative manual adjustments. This leads to unnecessary efforts and unbearable clinical costs, hindering also the quality of patient treatment. In this paper, we propose an optimization framework for the generation of ready-to-use preoperative planning solutions in a fully automatic fashion. An automatic diagnostic assessment using patient-specific 3D models is performed for 3D malunion quantification and definition of the optimization parameters. Afterward, clinical objectives are translated into the optimization module, and controlled through tailored fitness functions based on a weighted and multi-staged optimization approach. The optimization is based on a genetic algorithm capable of solving multi-objective optimization problems with non-linear constraints. The framework outputs a complete preoperative planning solution including position and orientation of the osteotomy plane, transformation to achieve the bone reduction, and position and orientation of the fixation plate and screws. A qualitative validation was performed on 36 consecutive cases of radius osteotomy where solutions generated by the optimization algorithm (OA) were compared against the gold standard (GS) solutions generated by experienced surgeons. Solutions were blinded and presented to 6 readers, who voted OA solutions to be better in 55% of the time. The quantitative evaluation was based on different error measurements, showing average improvements with respect to the GS.
description: 37 pages, 15 figures, submitted to Medical Image Analysis Journal
The (gamma gamma -> H^0 H^0) process in noncommutative quantum electrodynamics
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Ozcan, O.
name: Savci, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of detecting noncommutative QED through neutral Higgs boson pair production at (gamma--gamma) collider. This is based on the assumption that H^0 interacts directly with photon as suggested by symmetry considerations. The sensitivity of the cross-section to the noncommutative scale (Lambda_{NC}) and Higgs mass is investigated.
description: 13 pages, 10 figures, LaTeX formatted
Property Rights Problems in Agricultural Cooperatives: A Heterodox Institutionalist Perspective
Creators: name: Valentinov, Vladislav
name: Iliopoulos, Constantine
name: Valentinov, Vladislav
name: Iliopoulos, Constantine
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Political Economy
subject: property rights
subject: agricultural cooperatives
subject: VEBLEN
subject: AYRES
subject: institutionalist dichotomy
subject: Eigentumsrechte
subject: ländliche Genossenschaften
subject: institutionalistische Dichotomie

description: New institutional economists have identified a number of property rights problems in agricultural cooperatives. This paper reconsiders these problems from the perspective of heterodox institutionalist economics in the tradition of Veblen and Ayres. The property rights problems of agricultural cooperatives seemingly reinforce the new institutional economics presumption of the superiority of fully delineated private ownership. In contrast, the paper shows these problems to be likewise consistent with the heterodox institutionalist school, which is much more reserved about the societal role of private ownership. Toward this end, the paper elaborates the logical structure of the so-called “institutionalist dichotomy”. The property rights problems of agricultural cooperatives are explained as a particular manifestation of this dichotomy. die ländlichen Genossenschaften unter mehreren eigentumsrechtlichen Problemen. Dieser Aufsatz betrachtet diese Probleme unter dem Blickwinkel der heterodoxen institutionenökonomischen Theorie von Veblen und Ayres. Einerseits bestätigen die genannten Probleme die Annahme der neuen Institutionenökonomik über die Überlegenheit des vollständig definierten privaten Eigentums über andere Eigentumsregimes. Dieser Aufsatz zeigt jedoch, dass sich die betrachteten eigentumsrechtlichen Probleme auch aus der Sicht der heterodoxen institutionalistischen Schule rekonstruieren lassen, deren Einstellung zum privaten Eigentum wesentlich zurückhaltender ist. Dazu arbeitet der Aufsatz die logische Struktur der sogenannten „institutionalistischen Dichotomie“ heraus und erklärt die eigentumsrechtlichen Probleme der ländlichen Genossenschaften als eine Erscheinungsform dieser Dichotomie.
The Cell-Essentiality of KAT7 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Creators: name: Au, Yan Zi
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Acute myeloid leukemia
mll-fusion
KAT7
MYST

description: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematopoietic malignancy, characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation and differentiation arrest of myeloid progenitors. Chemotherapy has been the front-line treatment for decades and cure remains elusive for the majority of AML patients. Genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screens have previously identified KAT7 as an AML-specific cell-essential gene and therefore may represent a potential novel therapeutic target for AML. Here, I show that KAT7 loss leads to a rapid and dramatic global reduction in both H3K14ac and H4K12ac in association with reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis or enhanced differentiation of AML cells driven by the translocation of Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene. Mice transplantation with KAT7 knock-out AML cell line showed delayed disease progression and prolonged survival compared to those injected with the wild-type counterpart. The acetyltransferase activity of KAT7 is essential for MLL-fusion AML as the E508Q catalytic dead mutant is unable to sustain the leukemic programme. Using the auxin-inducible degron (AID) system to induce rapid KAT7 protein degradation, I showed that KAT7 is required for the recruitment of the MLL-fusion associated adaptor proteins such as BRD4 and AF4 to gene promoters, which are critical for the maintenance of the MLL-AF9 transcriptional programme. Although not found to be mutated among cases of AML, KAT7 is a plausible therapeutic target for this poor prognosis subtype of AML.
Short-time critical dynamics of the Baxter-Wu model
Creators: name: Arashiro, Everaldo
name: de Felicio, J. R. Drugowich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the early time behavior of the Baxter-Wu model, an Ising model with three-spin interactions on a triangular lattice. Our estimates for the dynamic exponent $z$ are compatible with results recently obtained for two models which belong to the same universality class of the Baxter-Wu model: the two-dimensional four-state Potts model and the Ising model with three-spin interactions in one direction. However, our estimates for the dynamic exponent $θ$ of the Baxter-Wu model are completely different from the values obtained for those models. This discrepancy could be related to the absence of a marginal operator in the Baxter-Wu model.
description: 7 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. E
Dundubia oopaga Distant 1881
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Dundubia
Dundubia oopaga

description: 20. Dundubia oopaga (Distant, 1881)
Cosmopsaltria oopaga Distant, 1881: 640 [TL: Burmah].
Dundubia oopaga: Beuk, 1996: 164; Lee, 2008: 17.
Cosmopsaltria andersoni Distant, 1883: 170 [TL: Mergui]; Distant, 1906b: 56; Distant, 1912: 45; Moulton, 1923: 90; Kato, 1932: 165; Metcalf, 1963a: 545 (synonymized by Beuk (1996)).
Material examined. 2 males, 4 females, CAMBODIA, Siem Reap, Elephant Park, night catch, 27 XI 2004, I. Var (IRSNB); 1 male, CAMBODIA, Siem Reap, Kbal Spean, light trap, 18 XII 2004, I. Var (IRSNB).
Distribution. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia (Sumatra), and Myanmar.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2010, A checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Cambodia, with two new species and a key to the genus Lemuriana, pp. 19-32 in Zootaxa 2487 on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2487.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/195531
Physical mechanisms for zero-bias conductance peaks in Majorana nanowires
Creators: name: Pan, Haining
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the need to understand and simulate the ubiquitous experimentally-observed zero-bias conductance peaks in superconductor-semiconductor hybrid structures, we theoretically investigate the tunneling conductance spectra in one-dimensional nanowires in proximity to superconductors in a systematic manner taking into account several different physical mechanisms producing zero-bias conductance peaks. The mechanisms we consider are the presence of quantum dots, inhomogeneous potential, random disorder in the chemical potential, random fluctuations in the superconducting gap, and in the effective $g$ factor with the self-energy renormalization induced by the parent superconductor in both short ($L\sim1~μ$m) and long nanowires ($L\sim3~μ$m). We classify all foregoing theoretical results for zero-bias conductance peaks into three types: the good, the bad, and the ugly, according to the physical mechanisms producing the zero-bias peaks and their topological properties. We find that, although the topological Majorana zero modes are immune to weak disorder, strong disorder (ugly) completely suppresses topological superconductivity and generically leads to trivial zero bias peaks. Compared qualitatively with the extensive existing experimental results in the superconductor-semiconductor nanowire structures, we conclude that most current experiments are likely exploring trivial zero-bias peaks in the ugly situation dominated by strong disorder. We also study the nonlocal end-to-end correlation measurement in both the short and long wires, and point out the limitation of the nonlocal correlation in ascertaining topological properties particularly when applied to short wires. The goal of the work is to establish with a very high confidence level the real physical possibility that essentially all experimentally observed zero bias peaks in Majorana nanowires are most likely ugly.
description: 35 pages, 30 figures
Microoptical Realization of Arrays of Selectively Addressable Dipole Traps: A Scalable Configuration for Quantum Computation with Atomic Qubits
Creators: name: Dumke, R.
name: Volk, M.
name: Muether, T.
name: Buchkremer, F. B. J.
name: Birkl, G.
name: Ertmer, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate novel structures for the realisation of registers of atomic qubits: We trap neutral atoms in one and two-dimensional arrays of far-detuned dipole traps obtained by focusing a red-detuned laser beam with a microfabricated array of microlenses. We are able to selectively address individual trap sites due to their large lateral separation of 125 mu m. We initialize and read out different internal states for the individual sites. We also create two interleaved sets of trap arrays with adjustable separation, as required for many proposed implementations of quantum gate operations.
Mechanisms of microparticle release from human platelets
Creators: name: Wei, Hao
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Platelets
Platelet-derived microparticles
Extracellular vesicles
Pharmacology
Blood
Drug Effects
Signal Transduction

description: Platelets release a variety of extracellular vesicles, including platelet-derived microparticles that expose phosphatidylserine on their surface. This thesis aims to resolve the mechanisms by which pro-thrombotic microparticles are released from platelets, which have not been well-characterised. Experimental methods used include flow cytometry, Western blotting, fluorescence-based microplate assays, confocal microscopy and electron microscopy. Intact cholesterol-rich lipid rafts were found to be required for the calpain-dependent release of microparticles from activated platelets. Microparticle release was prevented when cholesterol was depleted or sequestered from the platelet membrane. Membrane blebbing and scission in this process were independent of influx of hydrophilic ions or the endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It was found that microparticles were also released from platelets undergoing apoptosis, which would progress to secondary necrosis in vitro as they were not cleared. Microparticle release in apoptotic platelets was dependent on Ca2+ entry, intracellular Ca2+ mobilisation and caspase activity, but it was largely independent of calpain. During apoptosis, caspases downregulated microparticle release from platelets in response to pro-coagulant stimuli. This may limit the pro-thrombotic consequences by providing a period of reduced capacity for platelet activation. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), a non-specific modulator of ion channels, was found to inhibit microparticle release from both activated and apoptotic platelets. In activated platelets, the effect of 2-APB was not related to inhibition of plasma membrane ion channels or calpain activity. In apoptotic platelets, the effect of 2-APB might be associated with inhibition of Ca2+ entry, although the specific target remained unclear. Future studies in identifying the target of 2-APB might provide new insights into how microparticles are released from platelets. Moreover, 2-APB may provide a scaffold for developing a pharmacological inhibitor of microparticle release.
Additional file 1 of Mesial temporal tau in amyloid-β-negative cognitively normal older persons
Creators: name: Krishnadas, Natasha
name: Doré, Vincent
name: Groot, Colin
name: Lamb, Fiona
name: Bourgeat, Pierrick
name: Burnham, Samantha C.
name: Huang, Kun
name: Goh, Anita M. Y.
name: Masters, Colin L.
name: Villemagne, Victor L.
name: Rowe, Christopher C.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Demographics and characteristics of the cohort split by the 95%ile Me SUVR. Description of data - Demographics and characteristics of the cohort split by the 95%ile Me SUVR
Evaluating the use of marginal abatement cost curves applied to greenhouse gas abatement in agriculture
Creators: name: Eory, Vera
name: Eory, Vera
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: marginal abatement cost curves
subject: agriculture
subject: greenhouse gas emissions

description: Agriculture plays an important role in the transformation towards a ‘low-carbon’ society. The sector is highly vulnerable to climate variability, and is a significant source of emissions, while at the same time, it has a potential for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Developing policies to support GHG mitigation emissions requires information on the effectiveness and costs of potential mitigation opportunities. Such information is frequently depicted in marginal abatement cost curves (MACCs), which help to visualise the hierarchy of mitigation measures and their cumulative level of abatement. Like other tools, MACCs have certain limitations. Furthermore, different derivations of MACCs are appropriate to answer different questions. In order to draw both informative and reliable conclusions for policy decisions, the characteristics of the MACCs and the resulting limitations have to be presented clearly. This paper discusses the main limitations of agricultural MACCs (e.g. wider effects, transaction costs, uncertainty, heterogeneity, non-monetary barriers), reviewing recent methodological developments. Furthermore, it provides guidelines for researchers and policy makers about the choice of methods and the communication of the results in order to improve the use of MACCs in the policy process.
Nonexponential decay of Feshbach molecules
Creators: name: Pepe, Francesco V.
name: Facchi, Paolo
name: Kordi, Zeinab
name: Pascazio, Saverio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the temporal behavior of the survival probability of an unstable $^6$Li Feshbach molecule close to the BCS-BEC crossover. We find different instances of nonexponential decay as the magnetic field approaches the resonance value, at which the molecule becomes stable. We observe a transition from an exponential decay towards a regime dominated by a stretched-exponential law.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Divided they fail: the politics of wedge issues and Brexit
Creators: name: Heinkelmann-Wild, Tim
name: Kriegmair, Lisa
name: Rittberger, Berthold
name: Zangl, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This paper develops a theory of wedge issue politics in modern democracies. It argues that wedge issues are associated with a politics of intransigence which differs from the politics of concessions that typically comes with non-wedge issues. This theory explains why Prime Minister Theresa May opted for a divisive approach to secure ratification of her Brexit agreement in the House of Commons. Due to the intra-partisan division within the Conservative Party, the government had an incentive to employ politics of intransigence. Playing a chicken game with recalcitrant party members, it relied on bargaining strategies to force party rebels to back down. This politics of intransigence further deepened intra-partisan divisions and thus prompted both sides to harden their stance. This vicious circle not only brought the Conservative Party to a breaking point but eventually led to government failure.
How the East Was Won: Supply Chain Restructuring in the Eastern European Beer Market
Creators: name: Van Herck, Kristine
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Deconinck, Koen
name: Van Herck, Kristine
name: Swinnen, Johan F.M.
name: Deconinck, Koen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: beer
subject: Eastern Europe
subject: Russia
subject: foreign investment
subject: industrial organization
subject: consumption
subject: Bier
subject: Osteuropa
subject: Russland
subject: ausländische Investitionen
subject: industrielle Organisation
subject: Konsum

description: Like all markets in the former communist countries, the Eastern European beer market has been strongly affected by the economic reforms in the beginning of the 1990s. In the first years after reforms, there was a substantial decline in the production of barley, malt and beer. However, the brewery sector soon attracted interest from foreign investors, who faced problems in sourcing sufficient high quality malt in order to produce high quality beer. Therefore, they reintroduced vertical coordination in the supply chain to obtain malt and barley that consistently met their quality requirements. The associated change in beer quality has been one of the drivers behind the spectacular growth of beer consumption in several Eastern European countries. Most remarkable was the growth in the Russian beer market, where beer consumption more than quadrupled over the course of a decade. In this paper, we describe and analyze the dramatic restructuring of the beer industry and the changes in the industrial organization of its supply chain over the past two decades. In addition, we document how the drastic improvement in the quality of beer has been an important driver behind rapid growth in beer consumption in Russia. In den letzten beiden Jahrzehnten hat in der Bierindustrie in Osteuropa eine dramatische Umstrukturierung stattgefunden. Die Wirtschaftsreformen in den frühen 1990ern führten zu einer Abnahme der Produktion von Gerste, Malz und Bier. Ausländische Investoren, die Schwierigkeiten hatten, genügend hochwertige Gerste und Malz zu finden, führten zur Sicherung der Qualität vertikale Koordinationsmaßnahmen ein. Die daraus resultierende Steigerung der Bierqualität war eine der Hauptursachen für das spektakuläre Wachstum des Bierkonsums in vielen osteuropäischen Ländern und insbesondere in Russland.
The production of marginality. Paradoxes of urban planning and housing policies in Cali, Colombia
Creators: name: Franco-Calderón, Angela María
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Urban marginality
informal settlements
urban informality
ethno-racial segregation
urban violence
participation
urban quality

description: Despite massive investments and the deployment of a wide gamut of policies during the last 70 years, urban marginality persists in most Latin American cities. Although this condition has been strongly associated with informal settlements, the premise underpinning this research is that marginality can be produced by the state through the construction of large-scale social housing complexes grounded in urban planning and housing policies focused on imposing a physical-spatial order. Drawing upon a cross-case analysis in two contrasting areas of Cali, Colombia, this dissertation reveals that the government’s approach to tackle marginality through ‘development’ and ‘modernisation’ has failed to address the two main drivers of marginality: 1) the enormous inequalities of a heterogeneous society underpinned by a capitalistic accumulation system; and, 2) the historical causes of such disparities grounded in colonialism, and perceived today through conditions such as the coloniality of power. Although marginality is correlated with, but not entirely determined by, the economic and power structures, there are other factors that can be changed or influenced by public policy in order to reduce its effects. In this sense, urban marginality is understood in this dissertation as a multidimensional phenomenon whereby underprivileged communities deal, on a daily basis, with the constraints of ethno-racial segregation, informality, hyperunemployment and violence, in a context of limited participation in decision making. The analysis of the case studies, carried out through the lens of what I term the five inherent characteristics of marginality ultimately shows that, as a counter-intuitive outcome of urban planning, beneficiaries of the government-led free housing programme developed in Cali are more severely affected by marginality than people living in the informal peripheries of District 18.
description: Universidad del Valle, Colciencias and Colfuturo
Analytic Amplitudes for Hadronic Forward Scattering : COMPETE Update
Creators: name: Nicolescu, B.
name: Cudell, J. R.
name: Ezhela, V. V.
name: Gauron, P.
name: Kang, K.
name: Kuyanov, Yu. V.
name: Lugovsky, S. B.
name: Martynov, E.
name: Razuvaev, E. A.
name: Tkachenko, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider several classes of analytic parametrizations of hadronic scattering amplitudes, and compare their predictions to all available forward data in hadron-hadron, gamma-p and gamma-gamma reactions. Although these parametrizations are very close for SQRTs larger than 9 GeV, it turns out that they differ markedly at low energy, where a universal Pomeron term like ln**2 s enables one to extend the fit down to SQRTs equal to 4 GeV. We present predictions on the total cross sections and on the ratio of the real part to the imaginary part of the elastic amplitude (RHO parameter) for present and future pp and antipp colliders, and on total cross sections for gamma-p into hadrons at cosmic-ray energies and for gamma-gamma into hadrons up to SQRTs equal to 1 TeV.
description: 3 pages, 3 tables. To be published in the Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2002), Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 24-31 July 2002
Home Bias in Consumption: A Comparison between Wine and Beer
Creators: name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Curzi, Daniele
name: Frisio, Dario Gianfranco
name: Raimondi, Valentina
name: Olper, Alessandro
name: Curzi, Daniele
name: Frisio, Dario Gianfranco
name: Raimondi, Valentina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: border effect
subject: home market effect
subject: preferences
subject: wine and beer trade
subject: Grenz-Effekt
subject: Heimatmarkt-Effekt
subject: Präferenzen
subject: Weinund Bierhandel

description: This paper investigates the determinants of home bias in consumption in the beer and wine markets across 15 ‘old’ member states of the European Union (EU) during the period 2000-2009. Two main results are obtained using a theory-driven gravity equation. Firstly, the home bias in beer consumption is several orders of magnitude higher than that of wine. Secondly, and interestingly, consumer preferences seem to be driving the home bias in the wine sector. In contrast, the home bias in beer is widely attributable to the home market effect, namely firms tend to localize near the consumers in order to minimize the high trade costs associated with beer exports. Der Beitrag analysiert die Bestimmungsfaktoren der Präferenz für heimisches Bier und heimischen Wein in den 15 alten EU Mitgliedsstaaten zwischen 2000- 2009. Unser theoriebezogenes “Gravitationsmodell” führt zu zwei Hauptschlussfolgerungen. Erstens liegt die Heimatsmarkt-Präferenz für Bierkonsum um mehrere Größenordnungen höher als jene für Wein. Zweitens spielen interessanterweise die Vorlieben der Verbraucher eine ausschlaggebende Rolle für die Heimatsmarkt- Präferenz im Weinsektor. Im Biersektor dagegen ist die Präferenz für nationales Bier dem Heimatsmarkt-Effekt zuzuschreiben: um hohe Transportkosten zu vermeiden, haben Brauereien die Tendenz sich in der Nähe der Endverbraucher niederzulassen.
Effects of anisotropic correlations in fermionic zero-energy bound states of topological phases
Creators: name: Griffith, M. A. R.
name: Mamani, E.
name: Nunes, L.
name: Caldas, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Topological phases of matter have been used as a fertile realm of intensive discussions about fermionic fractionalization. In this work, we study the effects of anisotropic superconducting correlations in the fermionic fractionalization on the topological phases. We consider a hybrid version of the SSH and Kitaev models with an anisotropic superconducting order parameter to investigate the unusual states with zero energy that emerges in a finite chain. To obtain these zero energy solutions, we built a chain with a well-defined domain wall at the middle of the chain. Our solutions indicate an interesting dynamic between the zero-energy state around the domain wall and the superconducting correlation parameters. Finally, we find that the presence of an isolated Majorana at the ends of the chain is strongly dependent on the existence of the solitonic excitation at the middle of the chain.
description: 10 figures and 10 pages
Activated escape over oscillating barriers: The case of many dimensions
Creators: name: Lehmann, Jörg
name: Reimann, Peter
name: Hänggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a novel path-integral method for the determination of time-dependent and time-averaged reaction rates in multidimensional, periodically driven escape problems at weak thermal noise. The so obtained general expressions are evaluated explicitly for the situation of a sinusoidally driven, damped particle with inertia moving in a metastable, piecewise parabolic potential. A comparison with data from Monte-Carlo simulations yields a very good agreement with our analytic results over a wide parameter range.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures, RevTeX4
Additional file 4 of EXpert consensus On Diaphragm UltraSonography in the critically ill (EXODUS): a Delphi consensus statement on the measurement of diaphragm ultrasound-derived parameters in a critical care setting
Creators: name: Haaksma, Mark E.
name: Smit, Jasper M.
name: Boussuges, Alain
name: Demoule, Alexandre
name: Dres, Martin
name: Ferrari, Giovanni
name: Formenti, Paolo
name: Goligher, Ewan C.
name: Heunks, Leo
name: Lim, Endry H. T.
name: Mokkink, Lidwine B.
name: Soilemezi, Eleni
name: Shi, Zhonghua
name: Umbrello, Michele
name: Vetrugno, Luigi
name: Vivier, Emmanuel
name: Xu, Lei
name: Zambon, Massimo
name: Tuinman, Pieter R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 4. Questions round 2.
Effects of the M&A Wave in the Global Brewing Industry 2000-2010
Creators: name: Madsen, Erik S.
name: Pedersen, Kurt
name: Lund-Thomsen, Lars
name: Madsen, Erik S.
name: Pedersen, Kurt
name: Lund-Thomsen, Lars
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: M&A policy
subject: globalization
subject: brewing industry
subject: market power
subject: merger effects
subject: F&Ü-Politik
subject: Globalisierung
subject: Brauindustrie
subject: Marktmacht
subject: Auswirkungen von Fusionen

description: The brewing industry has experienced massive changes over the last decade. Industry concentration has increased dramatically, and the leading brewing groups have globalised their operations across virtually all continents. Based on a major data base the paper traces some causes and assesses the main effects of the M&A strategies in the global beer industry. The results verify that the 4 large acquiring brewing groups are more efficient than a control group of 200 large breweries but they have not performed significantly better in the period. This gives some evidence for the market power hypothesis which seems to work in the brewing industry in this period. Im ersten Jahrzehnt dieses Jahrhunderts setzten sich in der internationalen Brauindustrie tiefe Veränderungen durch. Die Unternehmenskonzentration stieg dramatisch, und die führenden Brauereigruppen globalisierten ihre Aktivitäten und sind heute auf fast allen Kontinenten tätig. Basierend auf Informationen aus der Orbis-Datenbank beschäftigt sich dieser Beitrag mit einigen Ursachen der F&Ü-Strategien und insbesondere mit deren Auswirkungen. Die Untersuchung bestätigt, dass die vier großen und F&Üaktiven Unternehmensgruppen zwar effizienter sind als die 200 großen Brauereien in der Kontrollgruppe, aber keine deutlich bessere Performance aufweisen. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung unterstützen die aus der Literatur der industriellen Organisation bekannte Marktmacht-Hypothese.
53BP1 and double-strand break repair pathway choice in cancer
Creators: name: Dev, Harveer Singh
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: DNA repair
BRCA1
53BP1
Shieldin
Cancer
PARP inhibitor
Olaparib
Homologous recombination
Non-homologous end-joining
Double-strand break repair
Repair pathway choice

description: The cellular response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) is principally the result of two competing repair pathways. The Tumour Protein P53 Binding Protein 1 (TP53BP1) gene product plays a central role in DSB repair pathway choice, promoting non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) and counteracting homologous recombination (HR). As with all DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, cell-cycle regulation of 53BP1 is critical to its function. The inappropriate activity of 53BP1 in mitosis, during which most of the DDR is inactivated to preserve genome stability, has been shown to have adverse effects on cell division that are characteristic of cancers. We explored the consequences of replication stress, associated with oncogene activity, and the impact of aberrantly active 53BP1 in mitosis. This work reveals interference with normal mitotic mechanisms for detecting and resolving stalled replication intermediates; most evidently manifest as reduced mitotic DNA synthesis (MiDAS), and increased accumulation of acentric micronuclei and G1 nuclear bodies. We propose that the functional sequestration of TOPBP1 may be responsible for these chromosomal mis-segregation defects. The mechanism by which 53BP1 (together with RIF1 and MAD2L2) promote NHEJ remains elusive. Genome instability in HR-defective cancers, principally those harbouring a mutation in BRCA1, can be rescued by the concomitant loss of either 53BP1, RIF1 or MAD2L2. This phenomenon has relevance for the development of PARP (Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase) inhibitor resistance, now being used in BRCA1-deficient breast, ovarian and prostate cancers based on the principle of ‘synthetic lethality’. As part of a search for other resistance mechanisms, we identified the shieldin complex (SHLD1/C20orf196 and SHLD2/FAM35A) that when lost suppressed PARP inhibitor sensitivity in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells. We demonstrate that SHLD1/2 represent the terminal end-effectors of the 53BP1-RIF1-MAD2L2 axis, supporting NHEJ activity. We identified three OB-fold domains in SHLD2/FAM35A, that bind single-stranded DNA and are necessary for NHEJ. Loss of SHLD1 or SHLD2 (SHLD1/2) caused a hyper-resection phenotype, and which, in the absence of BRCA1 was associated with rescuing RAD51 loading. Downregulation in SHLD1/2 expression was also associated with intrinsic and acquired resistance across a panel of BRCA1-deficient patient-derived xenograft models. Promisingly, this mechanism may impart an acquired vulnerability to cisplatin or radiotherapy. Thus, we have characterised a critical component of the 53BP1 axis which is deterministic in repair pathway choice and carries implications for the treatment of cancers.
description: Wellcome Trust Clinical Fellowship 206721/Z/17/Z. Royal College of Surgeons US-UK Fulbright Scholarship 2015.
Revisiting the Impact of Trade Liberalization and Mergers on the Malting Industry of North America
Creators: name: Brewin, Derek G.
name: Gray, Richard
name: Karagiannis, Giannis
name: Brewin, Derek G.
name: Gray, Richard
name: Karagiannis, Giannis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: malting
subject: oligopoly
subject: CUSTA
subject: NAFTA
subject: mergers
subject: malting barley
subject: Mälzereien
subject: Oligopol
subject: Fusionen
subject: Braugerste

description: This paper builds on the work of BUSCHENA and GRAY (1999) to look at the effects of mergers in the North American malting industry as ten firms in two separated markets merged into four firms in an integrated market. We explore the sensitivity of our results to the assumption of market power. We show that welfare gains from free trade are not generally lost but can face considerable redistribution under reasonable assumptions of market power. Varying the rival reactions did not change the result that total economic surplus with four firms after NAFTA is greater than when there were ten firms but no trade. Mergers reduce the trade gains of malt consumers and barley producers in both countries and reduce the welfare losses of malting plants in the U.S. According to our estimates, the second wave of mergers may have led to a positive total welfare effect for malting plants in Canada if the oligopoly is exercising significant market power. Dieses Papier befasst sich mit dem Handel und den Fusionen in der nordamerikanischen Mälzerei-Industrie, in der zehn Firmen in zwei getrennten Märkten zu vier Unternehmen in einem einzigen Markt integriert wurden. Wir zeigen, dass unter realistischen Annahmen von Marktmacht die Wohlfahrtsgewinne aus dem freien Handel zwar nicht völlig verloren gehen, aber zu einem erheblichen Teil umverteilt werden können. Fusionen reduzieren die Handelsgewinne von Malzaufkäufern und Gerste-Produzenten und reduzieren die Gesamtwohlfahrtsverluste der Mälzereien.
Supplementary Information from New records of theropods from the latest Cretaceous of New Jersey and the Maastrichtian Appalachian fauna
Creators: name: Brownstein, Chase Doran
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Supplementary text, tables, and phylogenetic matrix.
Dundubia spiculata Noualhier 1896
Creators: name: Lee, Young June
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Cicadidae
Dundubia
Dundubia spiculata

description: 21. Dundubia spiculata Noualhier, 1896
Dundubia spiculata Noualhier, 1896: 254 [TL: Cambodge]; Beuk, 1996: 172; Chou et al., 1997: 250; Sanborn et al., 2007: 18; Boulard, 2008a: 27; Lee, 2008: 17.
Platylomia spiculata: Distant, 1906b: 61; Distant, 1912: 49; Metcalf, 1963b: 625.
Distribution. Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, and Myanmar.
description: Published as part of Lee, Young June, 2010, A checklist of Cicadidae (Insecta: Hemiptera) from Cambodia, with two new species and a key to the genus Lemuriana, pp. 19-32 in Zootaxa 2487 on pages 26-27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2487.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/195531
Bayesian Matrix Completion Approach to Causal Inference with Panel Data
Creators: name: Tanaka, Masahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study proposes a new Bayesian approach to infer binary treatment effects. The approach treats counterfactual untreated outcomes as missing observations and infers them by completing a matrix composed of realized and potential untreated outcomes using a data augmentation technique. We also develop a tailored prior that helps in the identification of parameters and induces the matrix of untreated outcomes to be approximately low rank. Posterior draws are simulated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampler. While the proposed approach is similar to synthetic control methods and other related methods, it has several notable advantages. First, unlike synthetic control methods, the proposed approach does not require stringent assumptions. Second, in contrast to non-Bayesian approaches, the proposed method can quantify uncertainty about inferences in a straightforward and consistent manner. By means of a series of simulation studies, we show that our proposal has a better finite sample performance than that of the existing approaches.
Force networks, torque balance and Airy stress in the planar vertex model of a confluent epithelium
Creators: name: Jensen, Oliver E.
name: Johns, Emma
name: Woolner, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The vertex model is a popular framework for modelling tightly packed biological cells, such as confluent epithelia. Cells are described by convex polygons tiling the plane and their equilibrium is found by minimizing a global mechanical energy, with vertex locations treated as degrees of freedom. Drawing on analogies with granular materials, we describe the force network for a localized monolayer and derive the corresponding discrete Airy stress function, expressed for each $N$-sided cell as $N$ scalars defined over kites covering the cell. We show how a torque balance (commonly overlooked in implementations of the vertex model) requires each internal vertex to lie at the orthocentre of the triangle formed by neighbouring edge centroids. Torque balance also places a geometric constraint on the stress in the neighbourhood of cellular trijunctions, and requires cell edges to be orthogonal to the links of a dual network that connect neighbouring cell centres and thereby triangulate the monolayer. We show how the Airy stress function depends on cell shape when a standard energy functional is adopted, and discuss implications for computational implementations of the model.