cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tracing attosecond electron emission from a nanometric metal tip
Creators: name: Dienstbier, Philip
name: Seiffert, Lennart
name: Paschen, Timo
name: Liehl, Andreas
name: Leitenstorfer, Alfred
name: Fennel, Thomas
name: Hommelhoff, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solids exposed to intense electric fields release electrons through tunnelling. This fundamental quantum process lies at the heart of various applications, ranging from high brightness electron sources in DC operation to petahertz vacuum electronics in laser-driven operation. In the latter process, the electron wavepacket undergoes semiclassical dynamics in the strong oscillating laser field, similar to strong-field and attosecond physics in the gas phase. There, the sub-cycle electron dynamics has been determined with a stunning precision of tens of attoseconds, but at solids the quantum dynamics including the emission time window has so far not been measured. Here we show that two-colour modulation spectroscopy of backscattering electrons uncovers the sub-optical-cycle strong-field emission dynamics from nanostructures, with attosecond precision. In our experiment, photoelectron spectra of electrons emitted from a sharp metallic tip are measured as function of the relative phase between the two colours. Projecting the solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation onto classical trajectories relates phase-dependent signatures in the spectra to the emission dynamics and yield an emission duration of $710\pm30$ attoseconds by matching the quantum model to the experiment. Our results open the door to the quantitative timing and precise active control of strong-field photoemission in solid state and other systems and have direct ramifications for diverse fields such as ultrafast electron sources, quantum degeneracy studies and sub-Poissonian electron beams, nanoplasmonics and petahertz electronics.
Introducing the first optimized Open Force Field 1.0.0 (codename "Parsley")
Creators: name: Qiu, Yudong
name: Smith, Daniel G. A.
name: Boothroyd, Simon
name: Wagner, Jeffrey
name: Bannan, Caitlin C.
name: Gokey, Trevor
name: Jang, Hyesu
name: Lim, Victoria T.
name: Stern, Chaya D.
name: Rizzi, Andrea
name: Lucas, Xavier
name: Tjanaka, Bryon
name: Shirts, Michael R.
name: Gilson, Michael K.
name: Chodera, John D.
name: Bayly, Christopher I.
name: Mobley, David L.
name: Wang, Lee-Ping
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open Force Field Initiative
OpenFF-1.0.0
Parsley
force field
optimization
SMIRNOFF
Open Force FIeld Consortium
direct chemical perception
fitting

description: This is a record for the blog post entry published on the openforcefield.org website on Oct 19, 2019, announcing the first optimized Open Force Field 1.0.0 (codename Parsley). The Open Force Field 1.0.0 (Parsley) small molecule force field is the first in a series of iteratively-improved small molecule force fields for biomolecular simulation funded in part by the Open Force Field Consortium . This is the first optimized force field to use the SMIRNOFF force field specification for atom type-free direct chemical perception, and provides substantially improved valence (bond, angle, and torsion) parameters relative to its predecessor, the AMBER-lineage SMIRNOFF99Frosst. This force field was optimized to improve agreement with quantum chemical geometries, energetics, and vibrational frequencies, and will likely provide improved accuracy (relative to its predecessor) for a wide variety of properties, especially energetics and geometries relative to gas phase quantum chemical calculations.

description: {"references": ["Mobley, David. L. et al. (2018). Escaping atom types using direct chemical perception, https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.8b00640", "Bannan, Caitlin C. et al. (2019). ChemPer: An Open Source Tool for Automatically Generating SMIRKS Patterns, https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00748", "Qiu, Yudong et al. (2020). Driving torsion scans with wavefront propagation, https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00748"]}
title: Development of Environmental Education Field Trip Guides for Elementary School Teachers in Cache Valley, Utah
Creators: name: Brown, Sandra T.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first was the development of environmental education field trip guides to areas in Cache Valley for teachers in grades three through six that would provide learning activities that cannot be structured in the classroom. Six field trip guides to areas of Cache Valley with accompanying activities and discussion questions were constructed. The guides were tested in the field by three groups of teachers and students and teachers not participating in the field test evaluated the guides for difficulties they would encounter in using the guides.
The second study purpose was to determine constraints faced by Cache Valley elementary teachers in using such guides and conducting environmental education programs. This was accomplished by the use of a questionnaire which was given to elementary teachers in Logan City . Although a lack of environmental education guides and materials was apparent, major constraints listed were a lack of transportation and funds and inadequate student supervision.
title: An Economic Analysis of Inter-County Variation in Residence Patterns of Farm Families in Utah, Kansas, California, Iowa, and Texas 1964
Creators: name: Clifford, Leroy V.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: This study was undertaken to determine which factors, if any, are responsible for inter-county variation in the percent of farm operators residing off the farm in California, Iowa, Kansas, Texas, and Utah.
These states were selected for this study because of their wide representation of the various types of agricultural and sectional differences. These states vary significantly in type of farm, tenure conditions, off-farm employment opportunities, cultural patterns, remoteness of farms from town, and other variables.
Forward step-wise regression analysis was utilized in each of the states to correlate percent of farm operators residing off the farm with type of farm, farm sales, tenancy, non-commercial farms, off-farm employment, remoteness, college education, and average off-farm income. In addition to the above variables, percent of Mormon farm operators and percent of non-white farm operators were used only in the Utah and Texas analyses respectively.
Using the results of the regression analyses, it was possible to determine those variables, which a priori, were considered to be important determinants of the trend toward greater off-farm residence of farm families.
Critical behavior at Mott-Anderson transition: a TMT-DMFT perspective
Creators: name: Aguiar, M. C. O.
name: Dobrosavljevic, V.
name: Abrahams, E.
name: Kotliar, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed analysis of the critical behavior close to the Mott-Anderson transition. Our findings are based on a combination of numerical and analytical results obtained within the framework of Typical-Medium Theory (TMT-DMFT) - the simplest extension of dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) capable of incorporating Anderson localization effects. By making use of previous scaling studies of Anderson impurity models close to the metal-insulator transition, we solve this problem analytically and reveal the dependence of the critical behavior on the particle-hole symmetry. Our main result is that, for sufficiently strong disorder, the Mott-Anderson transition is characterized by a precisely defined two-fluid behavior, in which only a fraction of the electrons undergo a "site selective" Mott localization; the rest become Anderson-localized quasiparticles.
description: 4+ pages, 4 figures, v2: minor changes, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett
title: Economic Development: Diagnosis of the High Andean Valleys of Venezuela (Tuname and Burbusay)
Creators: name: Davila-Spinetti, Eloy
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1972

description: The primary objective of this study was to set development policies applicable for the high Andean valleys of Tuname and Burbusay (Venezuela) ; and secondly to develop a quick and inexpensive way to assess development prospects of high Andean valleys similar to the ones studied here.
The methodology employed was to classify various agricultural regions with specific development phases using the Thorbecke's classification and policy scheme. Production functions were estimated, fitted and analyzed to determine the parameters pertinent to such a classification for the two valleys where data was available.
The analyses and classifications permitted a limited enumeration of policies for the valleys that could logically be expected to bring economic development. However, the study fell short of devising a quick and inexpensive method to assess developmental prospects of similar areas, which would not require some additional data collection and further refinement of the evaluation methodology.
Concepts of freedom in the storm and stress dramas by Lenz and Klingef
Creators: name: Kitching, Juta Kovamees
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis is based on eleven Storm and Stress dramas of Lenz and Kllnger. It discusses extensively the lack of freedom of their Storm and Stress characters in the society of the day, as seen in the dramas, and also examines these characters' search for freedom and the meaning they attribute to freedom. In addition, this investigation attempts to establish a concept of ultimate freedom and to show that some "Stürmer und Dränger" possess it and are thereby able to carry out their mission of social improvement while finding individual happiness and fulfillment. The term "Stürmer und Dränger" is used throughout the thesis to mean only the Storm and Stress characters in the plays discussed and does not refer to the writers of this period.
title: Anexo: Revisión Bibliográfica: Aspectos biogeográficos, ecológicos y discusión
Creators: name: Luis Alfonso Vidal, Katya Ospino-Acosta
Publisher: name: INVEMAR
Year: 2017
Subjects: Diatomeas
Listado de especies fitoplancton

description: Anexo del artículo: DIATOMEAS ASOCIADAS A MACROALGAS EN PLACAS PERMANENTES DE LA COLECCIÓN DEL PROFESOR GERMÁN BULA MEYER, UNIVERSIDAD DEL MAGDALENA, COLOMBIA publicado en el Boletín de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras Vol 46 No 1. 2017.
title: A Forecast of Iranian Demand for Agricultural Food Products
Creators: name: Beutler, Ivan F.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: Domestic demand for Iranian agricultural food commodities was projected for 1970, 1975 and 1980. Demand for particular commodities was projected separately for Tehran (the capital city), urban Iran and rural Iran.
Income and population growth Here the most significant explanatory variables in this long term projection.
Two cross-sectional family budget surveys, taken six years apart, provided consumption data for Tehran and urban Iran. A series of family budget studies provided Engel curve data for rural Iran.
The income effect was estimated for each food item by least squares regression analysis. The resulting income elasticities were found to be significantly different from those published by the Iranian Central Bank.
The income elasticities were adjusted for the quality effect and expected changes in the market margin.
Demand for a few major products has projected for the forecast years via a disaggregated model developed in this paper and a traditional aggregate model. The disaggregated model projected demand at levels six to twelve percent above the aggregate model. This difference is apparent due to the unequal distribution of income accounted for by the disaggregate model.
Demand for all food products was projected by the traditional method. Various conversion factors Here employed to translate results into farmgate demand for basic crop and livestock products.
title: A Study of Root Biomass in an Engeimann Spruce-Subalpine Fir Stand in Northern Utah
Creators: name: Gadt, Larry O.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1970

description: Biomass of roots in the top 6 inches of soil profile was measured . This weight was then used in a stepwise multiple regression to test correlations between root biomass and above ground merisurational parameters.
Total biomass of all roots was 9822 ± 2810 pounds per acre oven dry. Spruce roots weighed 4417 ± 997 pounds per acre; of this spruce roots less than 0.125 inch diameter weighed 2023 ± 347 pounds per acre and biomass of spruce roots greater than 0.125 inch diameter was 2394 ± 8S3 pounds per acre. Total fir roots weighed Sl56 ± 2687 pounds per acre; of this roots less than 0.125 inch totaled 869 ± 181 pounds per acre and biomass of fir roots greater than 0.125 inch diameter was 4287 ± 2653 pounds per acre.
Low r2 (0.11 to 0 .17) values were found and the parameters which showed the greatest predictive value were (dbh)2, dbh, basal area, (basal area)2, and height.
The sampling design involved the pairing of trees over 4 inches diameter. Point density expressed as basal area was not useful in relating to root biomass with this sampling design.
Crossover from First to Second-Order Transition in Frustrated Ising Antiferromagnetic Films
Creators: name: Phu, X. T. Pham
name: Ngo, V. Thanh
name: Diep, Hung the
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the bulk state, the Ising FCC antiferromagnet is fully frustrated and is known to have a very strong first-order transition. In this paper, we study the nature of this phase transition in the case of a thin film, as a function of the film thickness. Using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, we show that the transition remains first order down to a thickness of four FCC cells. It becomes clearly second order at a thickness of two FCC cells, i.e. four atomic layers. It is also interesting to note that the presence of the surface reduces the ground state (GS) degeneracy found in the bulk. For the two-cell thickness, the surface magnetization is larger than the interior one. It undergoes a second-order phase transition at a temperature $T_C$ while interior spins become disordered at a lower temperature $T_D$. This loss of order is characterized by a peak of the interior spins susceptibility and a peak of the specific heat which do not depend on the lattice size suggesting that either it is not a real transition or it is a Kosterlitz-Thouless nature. The surface transition, on the other hand, is shown to be of second order with critical exponents deviated from those of pure 2D Ising universality class. We also show results obtained from the Green's function method. Discussion is given.
description: 20 pages, 14 figures
title: Advancing Digital Soil Mapping and Assessment in Arid Landscapes
Creators: name: Brungard, Colby W.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: There is a need to understand the spatial distribution of soil taxonomic classes, the spatial distribution of potential biological soil crust, and soil properties related to wind erosion to address land use and management decisions in arid and semi-arid areas of the western USA. Digital soil mapping (DSM) can provide this information.
Chapter 2 compared multiple DSM functions and environmental covariate sets at three geographically distinct semi-arid study areas to identify combinations that would best predict soil taxonomic classes. No single model or type of model was consistently the most accurate classifier for all three areas. The use of the “most important” variables consistently resulted in the highest model accuracies for all study areas. Overall classification accuracy was largely dependent upon the number of taxonomic classes and the distribution of pedons between taxonomic classes. Individual class accuracy was dependent upon the distribution of pedons in each class. Model accuracy could be increased by increasing the number of pedon observations or decreasing the number of taxonomic classes.
Potential biological soil crust level of development (LOD) classes were predicted over a large area surrounding Canyonlands National Park in Chapter 3. The moderate LOD class was modeled with reasonable accuracy. The low and high LOD classes were modeled with poor accuracy. Prediction accuracy could likely be improved through the use of additional covariates. Spatial predictions of LOD classes may be useful for assessing the impact of past land uses on biological soil crusts.
Threshold friction velocity (TFV) was measured and then correlated with other, easier-to-measure soil properties in Chapter 4. Only soils with alluvial surficial rocks or weak physical crusts reached TFV in undisturbed conditions. All soil surfaces reached TFV after disturbance. Soils with weak physical crusts produced the most sediment. Future work on wind erosion in the eastern Great Basin should focus on non-crusted/weakly crusted soils and soils formed in alluvium overlying lacustrine materials. Soils with other crust types are likely not susceptible to wind erosion. Threshold friction velocity in undisturbed soils with weak physical crusts and undisturbed soils with surficial rocks was predicted using a combination of penetrometer, rock cover, and silt measurements.
Appearance of Saturn's F ring azimuthal channels for the anti-alignment configuration between the ring and Prometheus
Creators: name: Chavez, Carlos E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we explore the aspect of the F ring with respect to the anti-alignment configuration between the ring and Prometheus. We focus our attention on the shape of the F ring's azimuthal channels which were first reported by Porco et al. (2005) and numerically explored by Murray et al. (2005), who found excellent agreement between Cassini's ISS reprojected images and their numerical model via a direct comparison. We find that for anti-alignment the channels are wider and go deeper inside the ring material. From our numerical model we find a new feature, an island in the middle of the channel. This island is made up of the particles that have been perturbed the most by Prometheus and only appears when this satellite is close to apoapsis. In addition, plots of the anti-alignment configuration for different orbital stages of Prometheus are obtained and discussed here.
description: Number of pages: 12, number of tables: 1, number of figures: 6
Figurations of Displacement in the DRC - Empirical findings and reflections on protracted displacement and translocal connections of Congolese IDPs
Creators: name: Jacobs, Carolien
name: Assumani, Innocent
name: Katembera, Rachel Sifa
name: Lubala Kubiha, Stanislas
name: Kyamusugulwa, Patrick Milabyo
name: Ruhamya Mugenzi, Joachim
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: protracted displacement
IDPs
legal framework
urban displacement
IDP‒host relations
connectivity
mobility
agency
durable solutions
local integration
Democratic Republic of the Congo

description: This working paper is based on empirical research on translocal figurations of displacement in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). It contains methodological reflections, central findings, and reflections on these findings. Drawing on the conceptual framework that was developed in TRAFIG working paper 1, this paper explores TRAFIG’s central question: “How are protractedness, dependency and vulnerability related to the factors of local and translocal connectivity and mobility, and, in turn, how can connectivityand mobility be utilised to enhance the self-reliance and strengthen the resilience of displaced people?” The paper presents findings from the east of the DRC, where many internally displaced persons (IDPs) seek refuge in host communities. Findings show that prior connections with members in the host communities are usually within the domestic sphere and are important drivers for people’s decision to flee to a specific place. In rebuilding their lives in displacement—and hence in their efforts to move out of protracted displacement and to become integrated—these contacts are often key to set in motion a ‘chain of connectivity’ that opens up new opportunities: One contact helps them to get in touch with the next contact. For IDPS, it is not so much the number of their connections that are important but the quality of these connections. A small number of vertical connections with socio-economically more powerful and/or better-integrated contacts can sometimes be more helpful than a large number of horizontal connections with people that are in equally vulnerable positions. When IDPs use mobility as an asset to become integrated, this mobility is mostly used to free resources in the community of origin and to capitalise on these resources in the new environment. In this way, rural resources become part of people’s urban livelihood strategies. By introducing these resources in the city and thereby drawing on their translocal connections, IDPs enrich the local economy and at the same time become more accepted and better integrated.
description: TRAFIG Working Paper No. 4
Two paper on electoral reform in Papual New Guinea
Creators: name: Trawen, Andrew S
name: Nonggorr, John
Publisher: name: Canberra, ACT: State, Society and Governance in Melanesia (SSGM), Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University
Year: 2006

description: Paper 1: Electoral reforms: implications for the 2007 national elections / Andrew S. Trawen -- Paper 2: Electoral reforms - improving election admin istration and management / John Nonggorr
Additional file 2 of A novel microdeletion of 517 kb downstream of the PAX6 gene in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia
Creators: name: Li, Yinwen
name: Chen, Jieqiong
name: Zheng, Ying
name: Chen, Zhixuan
name: Wang, Tao
name: Sun, Qian
name: Wan, Xiaoling
name: Liu, Haiyun
name: Sun, Xiaodong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Figure 2. Original gels of Long-range PCR in Fig. 4.
Dissipation in a rotating frame: master equation, effective temperature and Lamb-shift
Creators: name: Verso, Alvise
name: Ankerhold, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent realizations of microwave-driven nonlinear resonators in superconducting circuits, the impact of environmental degrees of freedom is analyzed as seen from a rotating frame. A system plus reservoir model is applied to consistently derive in the weak coupling limit the master equation for the reduced density in the moving frame and near the first bifurcation threshold. It turns out that additional interactions between momenta of system and bath appear which have been omitted in previous studies. Explicit expressions for the effective temperature and the Lamb-shift are given which for ohmic baths are in agreement with experimental findings, while for structured environments population inversion is predicted that may qualitatively explain recent observations.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
On the possibility of sub-TeV Gamma-ray emission from Cyg X-3
Creators: name: Bednarek, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The compact X-ray binary system Cyg X-3 has been recently discovered as a source of GeV gamma-rays by the AGILE and the {\it Fermi} satellites. It shows emission features in the GeV gamma-rays similar to other gamma-ray binaries which were also observed in the TeV gamma-rays (LS 5039 and LSI +61 303). The question appears whether Cyg X-3 can be also detected in the TeV gamma-rays by the Cherenkov telescopes. Here we discuss this problem in detail based on the anisotropic inverse Compton (IC) e-p pair cascade model successfully applied to TeV gamma-ray binaries. We calculate the gamma-ray light curves and gamma-ray spectra expected from the cascade process occurring inside the Cyg X-3 binary system. It is found that the gamma-ray light curves at GeV energies can be consistent with the gamma-ray light curve observed by the Fermi for reasonable parameters of the orbit of the injection source of relativistic electrons. Moreover, we show that in such a model the sub-TeV gamma-ray emission (above 100 GeV) is expected to be below sensitivities of the present Cherenkov telescopes assuming that electrons are accelerated in Cyg X-3 to TeV energies. The next stage Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC II, HESS II) should have the energy threshold in the range 20-30 GeV, in order to have a chance to detect the signal from Cyg X-3. Otherwise, the positive detection of gamma-rays at energies above a few tens of GeV requires a telescope with the sensitivity of ~0.1% of Crab Units. We conclude that detection of sub-TeV gamma-rays from Cyg X-3 by on-ground telescopes has to probably wait for construction of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, small changes in the text and discussion extended, accepted to MNRAS
title: The Agricultural Economics of Fremont Irrigation: A Case Study From South-Central Utah
Creators: name: Kuehn, Chimalis R.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: This thesis compares hypotheses about Fremont agricultural investment to evaluate the relationship between dry or rainfall farming and irrigation farming. Recent identification of a Fremont irrigation feature at Pleasant Creek provides an opportunity to study farming commitment through labor investment. A comparison of relative efficiencies of irrigated and dry-farmed maize using experimental digging exercises and cross-cultural comparisons generate data about the range of investment, carrying capacity, and the contexts of selection operating under circumstances like those at Pleasant Creek.
The analysis shows that irrigated maize efficiency remains equivalent to or lower than dry-farmed maize. Irrigation labor costs influence maize return rates more with fewer years of canal operation and suggest that technological investment in irrigation at the project site would be “worth it” only with anticipated long-term commitment. For instance, labor costs of irrigation amortized over time show that initial construction costs no longer affect energetic return rates of maize after four to six years of canal use. Beyond this span of time, field labor and processing time condition overall return rates more than distinctive labor costs of irrigation.
The application of carrying capacity scenarios indicates the canal likely supported between 30 and 100 individuals. Analysis of infrastructural complexity and labor group size suggests that Pleasant Creek was home to a group operating within complexity beyond egalitarian forager organization. The level of investment and productivity suggests a community, likely bound by kinship ties with a corporate management style, engaged in subsistence-level agriculture that served to expand the farmable area and reduce the risk of food shortage in an agriculturally marginal area.
Testing adiabatic contraction with SDSS elliptical galaxies
Creators: name: Schulz, A. E.
name: Mandelbaum, Rachel
name: Padmanabhan, Nikhil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the profiles of 75 086 elliptical galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) at both large (50-500 kpc/h) and small (~3 kpc/h) scales. Weak lensing observations in the outskirts of the halo are combined with measurements of the stellar velocity dispersion in the interior regions of the galaxy for stacked galaxy samples. The weak lensing measurements are well characterized by a Navarro, Frenk and White (NFW) profile. The dynamical mass measurements exceed the extrapolated NFW profile even after the estimated stellar masses are subtracted, providing evidence for the modification of the dark matter profile by the baryons. This excess mass is quantitatively consistent with the predictions of the adiabatic contraction (AC) hypothesis. Our finding suggests that the effects of AC during galaxy formation are stable to subsequent bombardment from major and minor mergers. We explore several theoretical and observational systematics and conclude that they cannot account for the inferred mass excess. The most significant source of systematic error is in the IMF, which would have to increase the stellar mass estimates by a factor of two relative to masses from the Kroupa IMF to fully explain the mass excess without AC. Such an increase would create tension with results from SAURON (Cappellari et al. 2006). We demonstrate a connection between the level of contraction of the dark matter halo profile and scatter in the size-luminosity relation, which is a projection of the fundamental plane. Whether or not AC is the mechanism supplying the excess mass, models of galaxy formation and evolution must reconcile the observed halo masses from weak lensing with the comparatively large dynamical masses at the half light radii of the galaxies.
description: 13 pages 9 figures for submission to MNRAS Update uses h=0.7 rather than h=1.0. Axis labels and entries in table altered accordingly. No change to figures or results
Additional file 1 of Streamlining the institutional review board process in pragmatic randomized clinical trials: challenges and lessons learned from the Aspirin Dosing: A Patient-centric Trial Assessing Benefits and Long-Term Effectiveness (ADAPTABLE) trial
Creators: name: Marquis-Gravel, Guillaume
name: Robertson, Holly
name: W. Schuyler Jones
name: Riley, Danielle
name: Ford, Daniel E.
name: Crenshaw, David
name: Joosten, Yvonne A.
name: Rudov, Lindsey
name: Hernandez, Adrian F.
name: Hess, Rachel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
The ice composition close to the surface of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Creators: name: Laeuter, Matthias
name: Kramer, Tobias
name: Rubin, Martin
name: Altwegg, Kathrin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The relation between ice composition in the nucleus of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko on the one hand and relative abundances of volatiles in the coma on the other hand is important for the interpretation of density measurements in the environment of the cometary nucleus. For the 2015 apparition, in situ measurements from the two ROSINA (Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis) sensors COPS (COmet Pressure Sensor) and DFMS (Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer) determined gas densities at the spacecraft position for the 14 gas species H2O, CO2, CO, H2S, O2, C2H6, CH3OH, H2CO, CH4, NH3, HCN, C2H5OH, OCS, and CS2. We derive the spatial distribution of the gas emissions on the complex shape of the nucleus separately for 50 subintervals of the two-year mission time. The most active patches of gas emission are identified on the surface. We retrieve the relation between solar irradiation and observed emissions from these patches. The emission rates are compared to a minimal thermophysical model to infer the surface active fraction of H2O and CO2. We obtain characteristic differences in the ice composition close to the surface between the two hemispheres with a reduced abundance of CO2 ice on the northern hemisphere (locations with positive latitude). We do not see significant differences for the ice composition on the two lobes of 67P/C-G.
description: 42 pages, 18 figures
Social group work with acting out adolescents in the school setting : a critique of two research studies
Creators: name: Dodds, Valerie Marjorie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The first purpose of this paper is to analyze two evaluative studies of social group work. The second purpose is the formulation of a researchable question derived from this analysis in relation to the current professional experience of two graduate social work students doing field work in a Burnaby Junior High School. A brief overall description of Girls at Vocational High and Seattle Atlantic Street Center is presented. A summary of Elizabeth Herzog's Some Guidelines for Evaluative Research follows and serves as a base for the analysis of these studies. Herzog's analysis and emphasis of the early phase of problem formulation is selected for study, and additional research references on the topic are reviewed. The two evaluative studies are then examined in relation to problem formulation, and the definition of terms utilized in both studies are scrutinized. One study failed to be explicit in problem formulation. The other, while more explicit, required further pre-evaluative work especially in the integration of the terminology with theory, and in the correlation of the use of terminology by field workers and research raters. The research project presents conclusions and a researchable question which is formulated on the basis of the analysis of the studies under investigation
Additional file 1 of No observed effect on brain vasculature of Alzheimer’s disease-related mutations in the zebrafish presenilin 1 gene
Creators: name: Barthelson, Karissa
name: Newman, Morgan
name: Nowell, Cameron J.
name: Lardelli, Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Detailed description of sample preparation, imaging and 3D image analysis.
Finishing of metal optics by ion beam technologies
Creators: name: Bauer, Jens
name: Frost, Frank
name: Lehmann, Antje
name: Ulitschka, Melanie
name: Li, Yaguo
name: Arnold, Thomas
Publisher: name: Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: aluminum
subject: ion beam figuring
subject: ion beam planarization
subject: mirrors
subject: nickel phosphorus
subject: plasma-jet deposition
subject: polymer films
subject: 620
subject: 530

description: Ultraprecise mirror devices show considerable potential with view to applications in the visible and the ultraviolet spectral ranges. Aluminum alloys gather good mechanical and excellent optical properties and thus they emerge as important mirror construction materials. However, ultraprecision machining and polishing of optical aluminum surfaces are challenging, which originates from the high chemical reactivity and the heterogeneous matrix structure. Recently, several ion beam-based techniques have been developed to qualify aluminum mirrors for short-wavelength applications. We give an overview of the state-of-the-art ion beamprocessing techniques for figure error correction and planarization, either by direct aluminum machining or with the aid of polymer or inorganic, amorphous surface films. © The Authors.
Additional file 1 of Male obesity impacts DNA methylation reprogramming in sperm
Creators: name: Keyhan, Sanaz
name: Burke, Emily
name: Schrott, Rose
name: Zhiqing Huang
name: Grenier, Carole
name: Price, Thomas
name: Raburn, Doug
name: Corcoran, David L.
name: Soubry, Adelheid
name: Hoyo, Catherine
name: Murphy, Susan K.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Distribution of methylation across the sperm population by bisulfite sequencing of cloned alleles. Figure S2. Pyrosequencing of candidate CpGs and adjacent CpG sites, comparing values obtained from sperm of men with normal BMIs to those with overweight/obese BMIs.
Comparison of crystal structures and effects of Co substitution in a new member of Fe-1111 superconductor family AeFeAsF(Ae = Ca and Sr): a possible candidate for higher Tc superconductor
Creators: name: Nomura, Takatoshi
name: Inoue, Yasunori
name: Matsuishi, Satoru
name: Hirano, Masahiro
name: Kim, Jung Eun
name: Kato, Kenichi
name: Takata, Masaki
name: Hosono, Hideo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We refined crystal structures of newly found members of the Fe-1111 superconductor family, CaFe\_{1-x}Co\_{x}AsF and SrFe\_{1-x}Co\_{x}AsF (x = 0, 0.06, 0.12) by powder synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. The tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transitions were observed at ~120 K for unsubstituted CaFeAsF and at ~180 K for unsubstituted SrFeAsF, the transition temperatures agreeing with kinks observed in temperature-dependent resistivity curves. Although the transition temperature decreases, the structural phase transitions were observed below 100 K in both samples of x = 0.06, and finally they were suppressed in the doping level of x = 0.12. The refined structures reveal that distortions of the FeAs4 tetrahedron from the regular tetrahedron likely originate from mismatches in atomic radii among the constituent elements. In this system, the enlarged FeAs4 tetrahedron resulting from larger radius of Sr than that of Ca is flattened along a-b plane, whereas the smaller radius of Ca makes the tetrahedron closer to regular one, and their characteristic shapes are further enhanced by Co substitution. These results suggest that the CaFeAsF compound is a promising candidate for higher-Tc superconductor.
description: 17 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, Supplementary information is included at the end of the document
Semileptonic Decays of B Meson Transition Into D-wave Charmed Meson Doublets
Creators: name: Gan, Long-Fei
name: Huang, Ming-Qiu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use QCD sum rules to estimate the leading-order universal form factors describing the semileptonic B decay into orbital excited $D$-wave charmed doublets, including the ($1^{-}$, $2^{-}$) states ($D_{1}^{*}$, $D'_{2}$) and the ($2^{-}$, $3^{-}$) states ($D_{2}$, $D_{3}^{*}$). The decay rates we predict are $Γ_{B\to D^{*}_{1}\ell\overlineν}=Γ_{B\to D'_{2}\ell\overlineν}=2.4\times10^{-18} {GeV}$, $Γ_{B\to D_{2}\ell\overlineν}=6.2\times10^{-17} {GeV}$, and $Γ_{B\to D_{3}^{*}\ell\overlineν}=8.6\times10^{-17} {GeV}$. The branching ratios are $\mathcal {B}(B\to D^{*}_{1}\ell\overlineν)=\mathcal {B}(B\to D'_{2}\ell\overlineν)=6.0\times10^{-6}$, $\mathcal {B}(B\to D_{2}\ell\overlineν)=1.5\times10^{-4}$, and $\mathcal {B}(B\to D_{3}^{*}\ell\overlineν)=2.1\times10^{-4}$, respectively.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures
Meridional circulation and global solar oscillations
Creators: name: Roth, M.
name: Stix, M.
Publisher: name: Dordrecht [u.a.] : Springer Science + Business Media
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Helioseismology, direct modeling
subject: Interior, convection zone
subject: Oscillations, solar
subject: Velocity fields, interior
subject: Waves, acoustic, modes
subject: 530

description: We investigate the influence of large-scale meridional circulation on solar p modes by quasi-degenerate perturbation theory, as proposed by Lavely and Ritzwoller (Roy. Soc. Lond. Phil. Trans. Ser. A 339, 431, 1992). As an input flow we use various models of stationary meridional circulation obeying the continuity equation. This flow perturbs the eigenmodes of an equilibrium model of the Sun. We derive the signatures of the meridional circulation in the frequency multiplets of solar p modes. In most cases the meridional circulation leads to negative average frequency shifts of the multiplets. Further possibly observable effects are briefly discussed. © 2008 The Author(s).
title: Biogeochemistry of Selenium in Pariette Wetlands, Utah
Creators: name: Jones, Colleen P.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: The Pariette Wetlands was constructed to provide wildlife habitat in an arid environment. Elevated levels of selenium (Se) have been detected in water, soil, and biota. Selenium concentrations have ranged from below detection limit to four times the water quality criterium limit. Here we report on three interrelated research topics: 1) selenium mass balance and flux in water, 2) selenium accumulation, concentration and volatilization of water and plant tissues; and 3) selenium sorption by upland and wetlands soils.
1) Mass balance and mass water flux of selenium for the Pariette Wetlands were studied. A comparison of inlet and outlet Se fluxes was used to determine the mass of Se stored. Selenium concentrations were higher at the inlet (2.1-16.3 μg L-1) than at the outlet (2.0-14.0 μg L-1). The average amount of Se retention and/or loss was 75%.
2) Elevated levels of selenium (Se) in water, soil, and biota of the Pariette Wetlands, Utah. Twelve sample sites were selected to determine the spatial and temporal variation of Se accumulation, concentration and volatilization. At the inlet, concentrations of waterborne Se during low-flow period (winter) were significantly higher than concentrations during high-flow irrigation season (summer). Se concentrations in water at the outlet were lower during the high-flow period ranging from. In contrast, plant tissue Se concentration was lower at the inlet and higher at the outlet. Selenium volatilization results indicated that there were spatial and temporal differences among samples sites.
3) The physical and chemical properties were compared for two soils in the Pariette Draw of Utah. It appears that Se mobility is associated with the distribution of soluble salts. We surmise that soluble Se is regulated by the solubility of a sodium selenate sulfate coprecipitate..
Knowledge gained about the mass balance, storage of Se, and the associated biogeochemical processes in water, plants, and soils that contribute to the accumulation or loss of Se in the wetlands will be beneficial to future land management decisions to minimize the impact of Se exposure to wildlife.
Form Factor Dark Matter
Creators: name: Feldstein, Brian
name: Fitzpatrick, A. Liam
name: Katz, Emanuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a dynamical alternative to inelastic dark matter as a way of reconciling the modulating signal seen at DAMA with null results at other direct detection experiments. The essential ingredient is a new form factor which introduces momentum dependence in the interaction of dark matter with nuclei. The role of the form factor is to suppress events at low momentum transfer. We find that a form factor approach is most likely not viable in the context of the standard halo model, however it is consistent with halo models suggested by recent Via Lactea simulations. As an example of possible form factors, we present a class of models where the necessary momentum dependence arises from interference of GeV mass gauge bosons coupling the dark matter to nuclei. At energies relevant for direct detection experiments these models contain one or two additional parameters beyond the case of a standard WIMP.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, JCAP version, XENON analysis updated
title: Midwife, Young Maiden, and Physician: Image and Authority in Karen Cushman's Female Healers
Creators: name: Turnbow, Angela C.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2014

description: This study focuses on the characterization of Cushman’s healers in her three medieval novels The Midwife’s Apprentice; Catherine, Called Birdy; and Matilda Bone. I specifically look at the physical descriptions, medical practices, and the healer’s role within the community as an accepted medical authority. Cushman’s portrayals illuminate the different locations and situations in which women practiced medicine during the Middle Ages, thus she presents more historically accurate portrayals of female healers.
The significance of this project is that Cushman challenges the stereotype of the isolated and disfigured old crone that has been, perhaps inadvertently, perpetuated by authors and focuses on the historical accuracies of female healers. Many young readers learn about history through novels and it is important that authors present accurate historical representations of the past they are trying to describe to their audiences. In addition, this project will bring multiple disciplines together such as medieval studies, young adult literature, medical history, and folklore in order to illuminate the historical accuracies and representations of female healers.
Flavor Physics Constraints for Physics Beyond the Standard Model
Creators: name: Isidori, Gino
name: Nir, Yosef
name: Perez, Gilad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last decade, huge progress in experimentally measuring and theoretically understanding flavor physics has been achieved. In particular, the accuracy in the determination of the CKM elements has been greatly improved, and a large number of flavor changing neutral current processes, involving b -> d, b -> s and c -> u transitions, and of CP violating asymmetries, have been measured. No evidence for new physics has been established. Consequently, strong constraints on new physics at high scale apply. In particular, the flavor structure of new physics at the TeV scale is strongly constrained. We review these constraints and we discuss which are the future prospects to better understand the flavor structure of physics beyond the Standard Model.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures, typos corrected [in particular Eq. (3.5) and table I. were modified], Refs. added, invited review submitted to Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci.