Blepharoneura nigriapex Norrbom & Condon 2010, new species
Creators: name: Norrbom, Allen L.
name: Condon, Marty
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tephritidae
Blepharoneura
Blepharoneura nigriapex

description: Blepharoneura nigriapex Norrbom & Condon, new species   
Figs. 50, 135  
 Diagnosis. This species resembles B. amplihyalina, apaapa, hyalinella, multipunctata and bipunctata in having a dark brown spot posterodorsally on the anepisternum, a single medial brown spot on the scutellum, and 3 hyaline marginal spots in cell m. It differs from all of these species in having the entire apical 1/6 of the hind tibia dark brown, and from all of them except B. amplihyalina by the large size of the hyaline area in cell dm. The mediotergite lacks the narrow brown mark on the lateral margin found in B. apaapa and hyalinella, and crossvein r-m is more distal than in those species (at 0.62 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu vs. 0.54–0.58), although these characters may prove to be variable when additional specimens are discovered. The aculeus tip differs from those in B. amplihyalina, hyalinella and apaapa in having the sublateral lobe markedly larger than the submedial lobe.   
 Description. Head: Dark brown area on ocellar tubercle extended slightly more than half distance to postocellar seta. Medial occipital sclerite with pair of dark brown submedial vittae on ventral half, connected ventrally. Occipital suture narrowly dark brown.   
Thorax: Postpronotal lobe mostly yellow, with small dark brown spot at junction with anepisternum, diffuse brown spot on posterolateral margin, and pale brown dorsal spot connected to anterior end of sublateral scutal vitta. Scutum entirely microtrichose, with 2 pairs of dark brown vittae; submedial vitta interrupted slightly posterior to transverse suture and not connected to marks on posterior margin; sublateral vitta interrupted at transverse suture, postsutural part narrower and paler but uninterrupted, separated from marks on posterior margin; posterior margin with 2 large quadrate dark brown marks. Notopleuron dark brown except small dorsal yellow area extended to posterior seta. Small dark brown spot anterior to postsutural supra-alar seta, another aligned with that seta on lateral margin, dark brown spot anterior to postalar seta, and large dark brown spot lateral to dorsolateral corner of scutellum present. Scutellum with single large somewhat diamond-shaped medial brown spot. Subscutellum and mediotergite with pair of moderately broad dark brown vittae. Pleuron mostly yellow. Anepisternum with dark brown spot dorsal to anterior seta. Anatergite with large dorsomedial dark brown mark. Basalare brown. Dorsocentral seta aligned slightly anterior to postalar seta.  
Legs: Mostly yellow. Mid tibia with anteroventral apical ridge dark brown. Mid tibial anteroventral basal ridge not visible in holotype. Hind tibia with entire apical 1/6 dark red brown, anteroventral and posteroventral ridges dark brown. Hind tibia with anteroventral and posteroventral basal ridges dark brown.  
Wing (Fig. 50): Length 7.92 mm, width 3.66 mm, ratio 2.16. Crossvein r-m at 0.62 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu. Cell c with 2 rectangular to inverted trapezoidal hyaline spots, both reaching costa and subcosta but fading to pale brown posteriorly, more extensively in basal spot; medial brown area almost as dark as area of cell r1 posterior to pterostigma, slightly broader than basal hyaline spot but slightly narrower than distal spot. Pterostigma with small subbasal and larger subapical [#3] pale orange spots. Cells r1 and r2+3 basally (proximal to apex of R1) with 4–5 and 2–4 pale brown spots, respectively. Radial cells medially with 1 relatively narrow inverted trapezoidal basal hyaline mark [#5] in cell r1, fading to pale brown posteriorly; cell r2+3 with 2 small pale brown spots posterior to r1 mark, basal spot [#8] slightly proximal to or aligned with r1 mark, distal spot [#9] slightly distal to it, not reaching R4+5; cell r4+5 anteriorly without hyaline spot [#14] aligned with r1 mark but with small yellowish spot on posterior margin, with small hyaline spot [#15] aligned slightly proximal to dm-cu, and also with additional tiny pale brown spots, 3 on or near anterior margin and 3 on or near posterior margin. Distally cell r1 with 3 small marginal hyaline spots [#6 and additional spots], also with 1 small pale brown posterior spot. Cell r2+3 with 2 small to elongate marginal hyaline marks [#10, 11], proximal mark extending to vein R4+5, slightly constricted on right wing. Cell r4+5 with small hyaline spot [#16] anteriorly, aligned between apical marks in cell r2+3, with small posterior hyaline spot aligned with medial spot in cell m, and with 1 relatively small rounded marginal spot [#18]. Cell m with small subbasal hyaline spot [#49] near midlength of dm-cu, and 3 ovoid marginal hyaline spots [proximal #27, distal #29], medial spot [fused #26, #26A, #28] largest, broad medially, extended almost to vein M. Cell br with subbasal pale brown spot [#12]. Cell bm with circular subbasal and subapical hyaline spots [#19, #20]. Cell bcu with small pale brown spot in lobe. Posteromedial part of wing with very large hyaline area; cell br subapically with hyaline spot [#13] and small to minute, much more proximal pale brown spot; cell dm with 2 small pale brown subbasal spots and large hyaline area [fusion of at least #52, #21, #22, #23, #24, #50] as long as and aligned with hyaline area in cell cu1, basal part not extending to vein M, distal margin transverse, anterior part extended well beyond level of r-m; cell cu1 with hyaline area covering more than medial half [broad fusion of at least #31, #32, #33, #34, #35?, #36, #36A], very broad on posterior wing margin, lacking anterior brown spots and with 2 submarginal brown spots, more distal spot diffuse pale brown; subapical marginal hyaline spot [#37] relatively small, not reaching vein Cu1. Cell dm without usual subapical hyaline spot [#25] (unless fused with large medial hyaline area) and with 1 anterior and 1 posterior [#53] small more distal hyaline spots aligned with subapical mark in cell cu1.  
Abdomen: Mostly yellow, with 4 rows of evenly spaced dark brown spots; tergites 3–5 also with anterolateral spot touching or almost touching lateral margin; all tergites also with pair of spots or band on posterior margin and posterolateral corner, separated medially, on tergites 3–6 extending farther anteriorly on lateral margin.  
Female terminalia: Oviscape mostly orange, basal apodemes, very narrow lateral margins, and apical 2/5 dark brown, on dorsal side extending medially almost to base; length 1.14 mm. Aculeus (Fig. 135) 0.80 mm long, 2.13 times as long as wide, with acute scales dorsally and ventrally on membrane medially; tip angular basolaterally, short triangular (lobed part 0.39 times as long as wide), with small, truncate medial lobe and 3 pairs of step-like lobes separated by relatively shallow gaps; sublateral lobe much larger than submedial lobe; lateral gap 1.4 times as long as wide.  
 Distribution. Bolivia. The holotype was collected at 2000 m elevation in a remnant of Yungas forest.   
 Type data. Holotype ♀ (ANCB USNMENT00055930), BOLIVIA: La Paz: Sud Yungas, 8 km S of Chulumani, Apa Apa Reserve, upper trail in primary forest, 16°21'15S 67°30'20W, 2000 m, log site, cloudy AM or late afternoon, on undersides of leaves of undetermined Cucurbitaceae (01–Bol-01) or supporting understory plant Solanaceae sp. (01–Bol-03), 1–3 Apr 2001, A. L. Norrbom.   
 Etymology. The name of this species is a noun referring to the dark brown apex of the hind femur.
description: Published as part of Norrbom, Allen L. & Condon, Marty, 2010, Revision of the femoralis group of Blepharoneura Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) 2374, pp. 1-139 in Zootaxa 2374 (1) on pages 89-90, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2374.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5315903