cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Breaking with Fixed Set Pathology Recognition through Report-Guided Contrastive Training
Creators: name: Seibold, Constantin
name: Reiß, Simon
name: Sarfraz, M. Saquib
name: Stiefelhagen, Rainer
name: Kleesiek, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: When reading images, radiologists generate text reports describing the findings therein. Current state-of-the-art computer-aided diagnosis tools utilize a fixed set of predefined categories automatically extracted from these medical reports for training. This form of supervision limits the potential usage of models as they are unable to pick up on anomalies outside of their predefined set, thus, making it a necessity to retrain the classifier with additional data when faced with novel classes. In contrast, we investigate direct text supervision to break away from this closed set assumption. By doing so, we avoid noisy label extraction via text classifiers and incorporate more contextual information. We employ a contrastive global-local dual-encoder architecture to learn concepts directly from unstructured medical reports while maintaining its ability to perform free form classification. We investigate relevant properties of open set recognition for radiological data and propose a method to employ currently weakly annotated data into training. We evaluate our approach on the large-scale chest X-Ray datasets MIMIC-CXR, CheXpert, and ChestX-Ray14 for disease classification. We show that despite using unstructured medical report supervision, we perform on par with direct label supervision through a sophisticated inference setting.
description: Provisionally Accepted at MICCAI2022
Mechanism of How Carbamylation Reduces Albumin Binding to FcRn contributing to increased vascular clearance.
Creators: name: Yadav, Shiv Pratap Singh
name: Sandoval, Ruben M.
name: Jingfu Zhao
name: Yifan Huang
name: Exing Wang
name: Sudhanshu Kumar
name: Campos-Bilderback, Silvia B.
name: Rhodes, George
name: Mechref, Yehia
name: Molitoris, Bruce A.
name: Wagner, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60802 Animal Cell and Molecular Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60602 Animal Physiology - Cell
subject: Biophysics
subject: Cell Biology

description: Supplemental data for paper
Spatial decay of the vorticity field of time-periodic viscous flow past a body
Creators: name: Eiter, Thomas
name: Galdi, Giovanni P.
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Navier-Stokes
subject: time-periodic solutions
subject: vorticity field
subject: fundamental solution
subject: asymptotic behavior
subject: 35Q30
subject: 35B10
subject: 76D05
subject: 35E05

description: We study the asymptotic spatial behavior of the vorticity field associated to a time-periodic Navier-Stokes flow past a body in the class of weak solutions satisfying a Serrin-like condition. We show that outside the wake region the vorticity field decays pointwise at an exponential rate, uniformly in time. Moreover, decomposing it into its time-average over a period and a so-called purely periodic part, we prove that inside the wake region, the time-average has the same algebraic decay as that known for the associated steady-state problem, whereas the purely periodic part decays even faster, uniformly in time. This implies, in particular, that ``sufficiently far'' from the body, the time-periodic vorticity field behaves like the vorticity field of the corresponding steady-state problem.
title: Instruction für dem kurpfalzbaierischen Militair-Cordon; 1788
title: Herausgegeben im Jahr 1788.
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: München. Gedruckt bey Anton Franz, kurfürstl. Hof- Akademie- u. Landschaftsbuchdrucker
Unbiased Math Word Problems Benchmark for Mitigating Solving Bias
Creators: name: Yang, Zhicheng
name: Qin, Jinghui
name: Chen, Jiaqi
name: Liang, Xiaodan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we revisit the solving bias when evaluating models on current Math Word Problem (MWP) benchmarks. However, current solvers exist solving bias which consists of data bias and learning bias due to biased dataset and improper training strategy. Our experiments verify MWP solvers are easy to be biased by the biased training datasets which do not cover diverse questions for each problem narrative of all MWPs, thus a solver can only learn shallow heuristics rather than deep semantics for understanding problems. Besides, an MWP can be naturally solved by multiple equivalent equations while current datasets take only one of the equivalent equations as ground truth, forcing the model to match the labeled ground truth and ignoring other equivalent equations. Here, we first introduce a novel MWP dataset named UnbiasedMWP which is constructed by varying the grounded expressions in our collected data and annotating them with corresponding multiple new questions manually. Then, to further mitigate learning bias, we propose a Dynamic Target Selection (DTS) Strategy to dynamically select more suitable target expressions according to the longest prefix match between the current model output and candidate equivalent equations which are obtained by applying commutative law during training. The results show that our UnbiasedMWP has significantly fewer biases than its original data and other datasets, posing a promising benchmark for fairly evaluating the solvers' reasoning skills rather than matching nearest neighbors. And the solvers trained with our DTS achieve higher accuracies on multiple MWP benchmarks. The source code is available at https://github.com/yangzhch6/UnbiasedMWP.
Galaxy workflow tools for processing and analysis of catalysis data (Flash Pitch)
Creators: name: Nieva de la Hidalga, Abraham
name: Gonzalez Beltran, Alejandra
name: Liborio, Leandro
name: Patrick, Austin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: I want to introduce you to a groundbreaking initiative that will revolutionize the way we process and analyze catalysis data in the Physical Sciences. Our project is all about developing user-friendly and efficient tools to handle the increasing volume of data generated by advanced material characterization instruments.
With the continuous improvement in instruments, we're obtaining more detailed and accurate data than ever before. This is fantastic for research, but it comes with a challenge - how do we process and analyze this data rapidly and effectively? Our existing tools are often designed for smaller datasets, and they don't scale well to handle the data deluge.
We've been working to address this challenge. We started by testing various alternatives, including Galaxy, a powerful platform that offers a graphic user interface online. Galaxy doesn't require installation and is incredibly user-friendly. We recreated our workflows using Galaxy, and it yielded processing speeds comparable to our previous tools.
We're adding tools to Galaxy that allow users to customize their workflows. You can define stop conditions for long-running workflows and choose different analysis pathways for your data, like XANES and Linear combination fitting. We're even working on a tool to help find the best matching scattering paths from different crystal structures.
Recently, We've joined with research groups using the Diamond XAS beamline, collaborating under the BAG program. We're ensuring these tools can be customized and deployed to cater to different research projects.
This project is about more than just speeding up data processing. It's about flexibility and adaptability. Galaxy allows us to share workflows, port them to other platforms, and create FAIR data objects. This means your research becomes more accessible and your findings more impactful. Looking ahead, we want to expand our support to other characterisation techniques, such as neutron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and pair distribution function analysis.
But we're not just here to share what we've done; we're eager to collaborate with you on the further exploration of these kinds of tools and their use in advancing catalysis research. We're particularly interested in hearing about similar NFDI approaches in this area and looking for potential collaborations and exchange of ideas.
description: Short five minute presentation to introduce the proposal of Galaxy Workflows
Advances in the Use of DNA Barcodes to Build a Community Phylogeny for Tropical Trees in a Puerto Rican Forest Dynamics Plot
Creators: name: Kress, W. John
name: Erickson, David L.
name: Swenson, Nathan G.
name: Thompson, Jill
name: Uriarte, Maria
name: Zimmerman, Jess K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Trees--Ecology
subject: Plants--Phylogeny
subject: Plant diversity

description: Species number, functional traits, and phylogenetic history all contribute to characterizing the biological diversity in plant communities. The phylogenetic component of diversity has been particularly difficult to quantify in species-rich tropical tree assemblages. The compilation of previously published (and often incomplete) data on evolutionary relationships of species into a composite phylogeny of the taxa in a forest, through such programs as Phylomatic, has proven useful in building community phylogenies although often of limited resolution. Recently, DNA barcodes have been used to construct a robust community phylogeny for nearly 300 tree species in a forest dynamics plot in Panama using a supermatrix method. In that study sequence data from three barcode loci were used to generate a well-resolved species-level phylogeny. Here we expand upon this earlier investigation and present results on the use of a phylogenetic constraint tree to generate a community phylogeny for a diverse, tropical forest dynamics plot in Puerto Rico. This enhanced method of phylogenetic reconstruction insures the congruence of the barcode phylogeny with broadly accepted hypotheses on the phylogeny of flowering plants (i.e., APG III) regardless of the number and taxonomic breadth of the taxa sampled. We also compare maximum parsimony versus maximum likelihood estimates of community phylogenetic relationships as well as evaluate the effectiveness of one- versus two- versus three-gene barcodes in resolving community evolutionary history. As first demonstrated in the Panamanian forest dynamics plot, the results for the Puerto Rican plot illustrate that highly resolved phylogenies derived from DNA barcode sequence data combined with a constraint tree based on APG III are particularly useful in comparative analysis of phylogenetic diversity and will enhance research on the interface between community ecology and evolution.
Partitions of a Finite Partially Ordered Set
Creators: name: Codara, Pietro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we investigate the notion of partition of a finite partially ordered set (poset, for short). We will define three different notions of partition of a poset, namely, monotone, regular, and open partition. For each of these notions we will find three equivalent definitions, that will be shown to be equivalent. We start by defining partitions of a poset in terms of fibres of some surjection having the poset as domain. We then obtain combinatorial characterisations of such notions in terms of blocks, without reference to surjection. Finally, we give a further, equivalent definition of each kind of partition by means of analogues of equivalence relations.
description: Preprint submitted for publication in the book "From Combinatorics to Philosophy: The Legacy of G.-C. Rota"
Localizing branes with bifurcating bulks
Creators: name: Antoniadis, Ignatios
name: Cotsakis, Spiros
name: Miritzis, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the problem of evolution of bulk 5-fluids having an embedded braneworld with a flat, de Sitter, or anti-de Sitter geometry. We introduce new variables to express the Einstein equations as a dynamical system that depends on the equation of state parameter $γ$ and exponent $λ$. For linear fluids (i.e., $λ=1$), our formulation leads to a partial decoupling of the equations and thus to an exact solution. We find that such a fluid develops a transcritical bifurcation around the value $γ=-1/2$, and study how this behaviour affects to stability of the solutions. For nonlinear fluids, the situation is more diverse. We find an overall attractor at $λ=1/2$ and draw enough phase portraits to exhibit in detail the overall dynamics. We show that the value $λ=3/2$ is structurally unstable and typical for other forms of $λ$. Consequently, we observe a noticeable dependence of the qualitative behaviour of the solutions on different `polytropic' forms of the fluid bulk. In addition, we prove the existence of a Dulac function for nonlinear fluids, signifying the impossibility of closed orbits in certain subsets of the phase space. We also provide ample numerical evidence of gravity localizing solutions on the brane which satisfy all energy conditions.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, matches published version
Combinatorial optimization with 2-joins
Creators: name: Trotignon, Nicolas
name: Vušković, Kristina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C17

description: A 2-join is an edge cutset that naturally appears in decomposition of several classes of graphs closed under taking induced subgraphs, such as perfect graphs and claw-free graphs. In this paper we construct combinatorial polynomial time algorithms for finding a maximum weighted clique, a maximum weighted stable set and an optimal coloring for a class of perfect graphs decomposable by 2-joins: the class of perfect graphs that do not have a balanced skew partition, a 2-join in the complement, nor a homogeneous pair. The techniques we develop are general enough to be easily applied to finding a maximum weighted stable set for another class of graphs known to be decomposable by 2-joins, namely the class of even-hole-free graphs that do not have a star cutset. We also give a simple class of graphs decomposable by 2-joins into bipartite graphs and line graphs, and for which finding a maximum stable set is NP-hard. This shows that having holes all of the same parity gives essential properties for the use of 2-joins in computing stable sets.
Carrier-envelope phase controlled dynamics of relativistic electron beams in a laser-wakefield accelerator
Creators: name: Rovige, Lucas
name: Monzac, Joséphine
name: Huijts, Julius
name: Andriyash, Igor A.
name: Vernier, Aline
name: Kaur, Jaismeen
name: Ouillé, Marie
name: Cheng, Zhao
name: Tomkus, Vidmantas
name: Girdauskas, Valdas
name: Račiukaits, Gediminas
name: Dudutis, Juozas
name: Stankevič, Valdemar
name: Gečys, Paulius
name: Lopez-Martens, Rodrigo
name: Faure, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In laser-wakefield acceleration, an ultra-intense laser pulse is focused into an underdense plasma in order to accelerate electrons to relativistic velocities. In most cases, the pulses consist of multiple optical cycles and the interaction is well described in the framework of the ponderomotive force where only the envelope of the laser has to be considered. But when using single-cycle pulses, the ponderomotive approximation breaks down, and the actual waveform of the laser has to be taken into account. In this paper, we use near-single cycle laser pulses to drive a laser-wakefield accelerator. We observe variations of the electron beam pointing on the order of 10 mrad in the polarisation direction, as well as 30% variations of the beam charge, locked to the value of the controlled laser carrier-envelope phase, in both nitrogen and helium plasma. Those findings are explained through particle-in-cell simulations indicating that low-emittance, ultra-short electron bunches are periodically injected off-axis by the transversally oscillating bubble associated with the slipping carrier-envelope phase.
Cryogenic optical shadow sensors for future gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Ubhi, Amit Singh
name: Bryant, John
name: Hoyland, David
name: Martynov, Denis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Displacement sensors have a variety of applications within gravitational wave detectors. The seismic isolation chain of the LIGO core optics utilises optical shadow sensors for their stabilisation. Future upgrades, such as LIGO Voyager, plan to operate at cryogenic temperatures to reduce their thermal noise and will require cryogenic displacement sensors. We present the results of simulations and experimental tests of the shadow sensors embedded in the Birmingham Optical Sensors and Electromagnetic Motors (BOSEMs). We determine that the devices can reliably viability operate at 100 K. We also show that the performance of the BOSEM sensors improves at cryogenic temperatures.
A Workflow-Forecast Approach To The Task Scheduling Problem In Distributed Computing Systems
Creators: name: Gritsenko, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this paper is to provide a description of deep-learning-based scheduling approach for academic-purpose high-performance computing systems. The share of academic-purpose distributed computing systems (DCS) reaches 17.4 percents amongst TOP500 supercomputer sites (15.6 percents in performance scale) that makes them a valuable object of research. The core of this approach is to predict the future workflow of the system depending on the previously submitted tasks using deep learning algorithm. Information on predicted tasks is used by the resource management system (RMS) to perform efficient schedule.
description: 7 pages, 5 tables, 7 figures
Couple stresses and discrete potentials in the vertex model of cellular monolayers
Creators: name: Jensen, Oliver E.
name: Revell, Christopher K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The vertex model is widely used to simulate the mechanical properties of confluent epithelia and other multicellular tissues. This inherently discrete framework allows a Cauchy stress to be attributed to each cell, and its symmetric component has been widely reported, at least for planar monolayers. Here we consider the stress attributed to the neighbourhood of each tricellular junction, evaluating in particular its leading-order antisymmetric component and the associated couple stresses, which characterise the degree to which individual cells experience (and resist) in-plane bending deformations. We develop discrete potential theory for localised monolayers having disordered internal structure and use this to derive the analogues of Airy and Mindlin stress functions. These scalar potentials typically have broad-banded spectra, highlighting the contributions of small-scale defects and boundary-layers to global stress patterns. An affine approximation attributes couple stresses to pressure differences between cells sharing a trijunction, but simulations indicate an additional role for non-affine deformations.
description: 8 figures, 1 table
MRI-localized biopsies reveal subtype-specific differences in molecular and cellular composition at the margins of glioblastoma
Creators: name: Gill, Brian J.
name: Pisapia, David J.
name: Malone, Hani R.
name: Goldstein, Hannah E.
name: Lei, Liang
name: Sonabend Worthalter, Adam Mendel
name: Yun, Jonathan
name: Samanamud, Jorge
name: Sims, Jennifer S.
name: Banu, Matei Alexandru
name: Dovas, Athanassios
name: Teich, Andrew F.
name: Sheth, Sameer A.
name: McKhann, Guy M.
name: Sisti, Michael B.
name: Bruce, Jeffrey N.
name: Sims, Peter A.
name: Canoll, Peter D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Nucleotide sequence
Gliomas
Biology
Oncology

description: Glioblastomas (GBMs) diffusely infiltrate the brain, making complete removal by surgical resection impossible. The mixture of neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells that remain after surgery form the biological context for adjuvant therapeutic intervention and recurrence. We performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and histological analysis on radiographically guided biopsies taken from different regions of GBM and showed that the tissue contained within the contrast-enhancing (CE) core of tumors have different cellular and molecular compositions compared with tissue from the nonenhancing (NE) margins of tumors. Comparisons with the The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset showed that the samples from CE regions resembled the proneural, classical, or mesenchymal subtypes of GBM, whereas the samples from the NE regions predominantly resembled the neural subtype. Computational deconvolution of the RNA-seq data revealed that contributions from nonneoplastic brain cells significantly influence the expression pattern in the NE samples. Gene ontology analysis showed that the cell type-specific expression patterns were functionally distinct and highly enriched in genes associated with the corresponding cell phenotypes. Comparing the RNA-seq data from the GBM samples to that of nonneoplastic brain revealed that the differentially expressed genes are distributed across multiple cell types. Notably, the patterns of cell type-specific alterations varied between the different GBM subtypes: the NE regions of proneural tumors were enriched in oligodendrocyte progenitor genes, whereas the NE regions of mesenchymal GBM were enriched in astrocytic and microglial genes. These subtypespecific patterns provide new insights into molecular and cellular composition of the infiltrative margins of GBM.
From Urban Living Labs Towards Critical Spatial Design: Decolonising Knowledge in Urban Design and Planning Using Critical Reflexivity
Creators: name: Baxter, Jamie-Scott
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 700 Künste und Unterhaltung::710 Landschaftsgestaltung, Raumplanung::710 Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung
subject: experimental urbanisms
subject: epistemologies of the south
subject: space
subject: architectural theory
subject: hybridityinnovation
subject: hybridity
subject: transdisciplinary
subject: participation

description: Urban Living Labs (ULLs) are valorised for their participatory and user-centred processes which combine research and innovation in real-life communities and settings. They embrace different forms of knowledge by engaging diverse stakeholders while promoting experimentation in knowledge production. ULLs provide an ideal ecosystem to integrate analytical urban research with action-orientated architectural design to creatively and collaboratively shape urban futures. However, while urban researchers, designers, and policymakers have readily adopted the ULLs, there has been surprisingly little critical reflection on the epistemological assumptions underpinning the approach. This is a critique ever more urgent as ULLs spread globally and become a powerful tool in the context of knowledge production and urban innovation processes in the global South. The article sets out to problematise ULLs through decolonial theory in order to unearth the epistemic foundations that structure ways of knowing and subsequent courses of action. Critical reflexivity is engaged to analyse methodologically the ULL approach through the example of an integrated urban research and architectural design lab in the UK, with which the author was closely involved. With recourse to the literature, the analysis critically reflects on (1) the epistemological assumptions that structure ways of knowing and subsequent courses of action embedded in ULLs; and (2) the un/intentional reproduction of oppressive structures in ULLs. The article concludes by marking a path towards a new approach to ULLs founded on decoloniality, ecologies of knowledges, modes of situated un/re-learning, and critical hybridity integrating urban research and architectural design in a critical spatial design praxis.
Laser molecular beam epitaxy of ZnO thin films and heterostructures
Creators: name: Opel, Matthias
name: Geprägs, Stephan
name: Althammer, Matthias
name: Brenninger, Thomas
name: Gross, Rudolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the growth of epitaxial ZnO thin films and ZnO based heterostructures on sapphire substrates by laser molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). We first discuss some recent developments in laser-MBE such as flexible ultra-violet laser beam optics, infrared laser heating systems or the use of atomic oxygen and nitrogen sources, and describe the technical realization of our advanced laser-MBE system. Then we describe the optimization of the deposition parameters for ZnO films such as laser fluence and substrate temperature and the use of buffer layers. The detailed structural characterization by x-ray analysis and transmission electron microscopy shows that epitaxial ZnO thin films with high structural quality can be achieved, as demonstrated by a small out-of-plane and in-plane mosaic spread as well as the absence of rotational domains. We also demonstrate the heteroepitaxial growth of ZnO based multilayers as a prerequisite for spin transport experiments and the realization of spintronic devices. As an example, we show that TiN/Co/ZnO/Ni/Au multilayer stacks can be grown on (0001)-oriented sapphire with good structural quality of all layers and well defined in-plane epitaxial relations.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures, 93 references
Thermodynamics of the spin-1/2 two-leg ladder compound $(C_{5}H_{12}N)_{2} CuBr_{4}$
Creators: name: Amiri, Fatemeh
name: Mahdavifar, Saeed
name: Naseri, Mahboobeh Shahri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The thermodynamic behavior of the spin $S=1/2$ antiferromagnetic two-leg ladder compound $(C_{5}H_{12}N)_{2} CuBr_{4}$ in a uniform magnetic field is studied using numerical and analytical approaches. The entropy $S(H,T)$ and specific heat $C(H,T)$ are calculated. The specific heat shows various behaviors in different regions of the magnetic field. The field-dependence of the specific heat is almost symmetric about the average of quantum critical fields in complete agreement with experimental results. In addition, it is found that during an adiabatic demagnetization process, temperature drops in the vicinity of the field induced zero-temperature quantum phase transitions.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, Submitted
Mode spectrum and temporal soliton formation in optical microresonators
Creators: name: Herr, T.
name: Brasch, V.
name: Jost, J. D.
name: Mirgorodskiy, I.
name: Lihachev, G.
name: Gorodetsky, M. L.
name: Kippenberg, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation of temporal dissipative solitons in optical microresonators enables compact, high repetition rate sources of ultra-short pulses as well as low noise, broadband optical frequency combs with smooth spectral envelopes. Here we study the influence of the resonator mode spectrum on temporal soliton formation. Using frequency comb assisted diode laser spectroscopy, the measured mode structure of crystalline MgF2 resonators are correlated with temporal soliton formation. While an overal general anomalous dispersion is required, it is found that higher order dispersion can be tolerated as long as it does not dominate the resonator's mode structure. Mode coupling induced avoided crossings in the resonator mode spectrum are found to prevent soliton formation, when affecting resonator modes close to the pump laser. The experimental observations are in excellent agreement with numerical simulations based on the nonlinear coupled mode equations, which reveal the rich interplay of mode crossings and soliton formation.
On the remarkable properties of Weyl particles
Creators: name: Tsigaridas, Georgios N.
name: Kechriniotis, Aristides I.
name: Tsonos, Christos A.
name: Delibasis, Konstantinos K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we show that Weyl particles can exist at different states in zero electromagnetic field, either as free particles, or at localized states described by a parameter with dimensions of mass. We also calculate the electromagnetic fields that should be applied in order to modify the localization of Weyl particles at a desired rate. It is shown that they are simple electric fields, which can be easily implemented experimentally. Consequently, the localization of Weyl particles in certain materials supporting these particles could also be studied experimentally, in the framework of solid-state physics or in the framework of laser physics, using ions trapped by laser beams. In addition, a particularly important remark is that the localization of the energy of the particles can lead to the generation of gravitational mass, according to Einstein's field equations of general relativity. Furthermore, in the case that the energy and localization of the particles exceeds a critical level, tiny black holes could also be created, potential candidates for the dark matter of the universe.
description: In this version we have added a remark regarding the potential to study experimentally the behavior of Weyl particles using ions trapped by laser beams
Carried or Defeated? Examining the Factors Associated with Passing School District Bond Elections in Texas, 1997-2009
Creators: name: Bowers, Alex J.
name: Lee, Jooyoung
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Finance
Education

description: Purpose: Across the United States, a large percentage of school districts are in need of facility improvements to provide safe and adequate buildings to facilitate student learning. To finance new construction, school districts traditionally have put proposals before local voters to fund construction through issuing long-term bonds to finance near-term construction. However, past literature indicates that there are few variables that are associated with bond election outcomes that are under the influence of school administrators. The purpose of this study was to examine the factors most associated with passing or failing a school district capital facility finance bond in the state of Texas from 1997 through 2009. Research Methods: We analyzed all proposed school bonds in Texas from 1997-2009, n=2,224, using a logistic regression discrete time hazard model to model the probability of passing a bond on the first, second or third attempt, while controlling for multiple types of variables such as bond, district and community characteristics, as well as specific election characteristics. Findings: We found that the first attempt of a bond is the most likely to succeed, as well as bonds that propose renovations and debt refinancing, or are at the top of the ballot. Also, while percent population over age 65 was negatively related to bond passage, percent Asian and Hispanic students was positively related. Implications for Research and Practice: Using past research and our findings, we propose a mediated model of school bond passage, and provide specific recommendations for administrators looking to pass needed facility construction bonds, including focusing on passing the bond on the first attempt and proposing only a single bond that includes all requests. Keywords: Bond issues, longitudinal studies, educational finance, facilities, school finance, school district spending, election campaigns, debt
Conformal optical black hole for cavity
Creators: name: Ba, Qingtao
name: Zhou, Yangyang
name: Li, Jue
name: Xiao, Wen
name: Ye, Longfang
name: Liu, Yineng
name: Chen, Jin-hui
name: Chen, Huanyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Whispering gallery mode (WGM) cavity is important for exploring physics of strong light-matter interaction. Yet it suffers from the notorious radiation loss universally due to the light tunneling effect through the curved boundary. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an optical black hole (OBH) cavity based on transformation optics. The radiation loss of all WGMs in OBH cavity is completely inhibited by an infinite wide potential barrier. Besides, the WGM field outside the cavity is revealed to follow $1/r^α$ decay rule based on conformal mapping, which is fundamentally different from the conventional Hankel-function distributions in a homogeneous cavity. Experimentally, a truncated OBH cavity is achieved based on the effective medium theory, and both the Q-factor enhancement and tightly confined WGM field are measured in the microwave spectra which agree well with the theoretical results. The circular OBH cavity is further applied to the arbitrary-shaped cavities including single-core and multi-core structures with high-Q factor via the conformal mapping. The OBH cavity design strategy can be generalized to resonant modes of various wave systems, such as acoustic and elastic waves, and finds applications in energy harvesting and optoelectronics.
Radar Guided Dynamic Visual Attention for Resource-Efficient RGB Object Detection
Creators: name: Kumawat, Hemant
name: Mukhopadhyay, Saibal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An autonomous system's perception engine must provide an accurate understanding of the environment for it to make decisions. Deep learning based object detection networks experience degradation in the performance and robustness for small and far away objects due to a reduction in object's feature map as we move to higher layers of the network. In this work, we propose a novel radar-guided spatial attention for RGB images to improve the perception quality of autonomous vehicles operating in a dynamic environment. In particular, our method improves the perception of small and long range objects, which are often not detected by the object detectors in RGB mode. The proposed method consists of two RGB object detectors, namely the Primary detector and a lightweight Secondary detector. The primary detector takes a full RGB image and generates primary detections. Next, the radar proposal framework creates regions of interest (ROIs) for object proposals by projecting the radar point cloud onto the 2D RGB image. These ROIs are cropped and fed to the secondary detector to generate secondary detections which are then fused with the primary detections via non-maximum suppression. This method helps in recovering the small objects by preserving the object's spatial features through an increase in their receptive field. We evaluate our fusion method on the challenging nuScenes dataset and show that our fusion method with SSD-lite as primary and secondary detector improves the baseline primary yolov3 detector's recall by 14% while requiring three times fewer computational resources.
description: Accepted in International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) 2022
Operating mode of high pressure straws with high spatial resolution
Creators: name: Davkov, K. I.
name: Myalkovskiy, V. V.
name: Peshekhonov, V. D.
name: Cholakov, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The article presents results of studying the operating mode of thin-walled drift tubes (straws) at flushing it with a high-pressure gas mixture, which allowed obtaining extremely high spatial resolution for straw detectors. The results of studying the radiation ageing of straws operating in this mode are also described.
Physics-Inspired Temporal Learning of Quadrotor Dynamics for Accurate Model Predictive Trajectory Tracking
Creators: name: Saviolo, Alessandro
name: Li, Guanrui
name: Loianno, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Accurately modeling quadrotor's system dynamics is critical for guaranteeing agile, safe, and stable navigation. The model needs to capture the system behavior in multiple flight regimes and operating conditions, including those producing highly nonlinear effects such as aerodynamic forces and torques, rotor interactions, or possible system configuration modifications. Classical approaches rely on handcrafted models and struggle to generalize and scale to capture these effects. In this paper, we present a novel Physics-Inspired Temporal Convolutional Network (PI-TCN) approach to learning quadrotor's system dynamics purely from robot experience. Our approach combines the expressive power of sparse temporal convolutions and dense feed-forward connections to make accurate system predictions. In addition, physics constraints are embedded in the training process to facilitate the network's generalization capabilities to data outside the training distribution. Finally, we design a model predictive control approach that incorporates the learned dynamics for accurate closed-loop trajectory tracking fully exploiting the learned model predictions in a receding horizon fashion. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach accurately extracts the structure of the quadrotor's dynamics from data, capturing effects that would remain hidden to classical approaches. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time physics-inspired deep learning is successfully applied to temporal convolutional networks and to the system identification task, while concurrently enabling predictive control.
description: Video: https://youtu.be/dsOtKfuRjEk
Charge-Confining Gravitational Electrovacuum Shock Wave
Creators: name: Guendelman, Eduardo
name: Nissimov, Emil
name: Pacheva, Svetlana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In previous publications we have extensively studied spherically symmetric solutions of gravity coupled to a non-standard type of non-linear electrodynamics containing a square root of the ordinary Maxwell Lagrangian (the latter is known to yield QCD-like confinement in flat space-time). A class of these solutions describe non-standard black holes of Reissner-Nordstroem-(anti-)-de-Sitter type with an additional constant radial vacuum electric field, in particular, a non-asymptotically flat Reissner-Nordstroem-type black hole. Here we study the ultra-relativistic boost (Aichelburg-Sexl-type) limit of the latter and show that, unlike the ordinary Reissner-Nordstroem case, we obtain a gravitational electrovacuum shock wave as a result of the persistence of the gauge field due to the "square-root" Maxwell Lagrangian term. Next, we show that this gravitational electrovacuum shock wave confines charged test particles (both massive and massless) within a finite distance from its front.
description: LaTeX, 16 pages
Dimensional Modeling of Emotions in Text with Appraisal Theories: Corpus Creation, Annotation Reliability, and Prediction
Creators: name: Troiano, Enrica
name: Oberländer, Laura
name: Klinger, Roman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The most prominent tasks in emotion analysis are to assign emotions to texts and to understand how emotions manifest in language. An observation for NLP is that emotions can be communicated implicitly by referring to events, appealing to an empathetic, intersubjective understanding of events, even without explicitly mentioning an emotion name. In psychology, the class of emotion theories known as appraisal theories aims at explaining the link between events and emotions. Appraisals can be formalized as variables that measure a cognitive evaluation by people living through an event that they consider relevant. They include the assessment if an event is novel, if the person considers themselves to be responsible, if it is in line with the own goals, and many others. Such appraisals explain which emotions are developed based on an event, e.g., that a novel situation can induce surprise or one with uncertain consequences could evoke fear. We analyze the suitability of appraisal theories for emotion analysis in text with the goal of understanding if appraisal concepts can reliably be reconstructed by annotators, if they can be predicted by text classifiers, and if appraisal concepts help to identify emotion categories. To achieve that, we compile a corpus by asking people to textually describe events that triggered particular emotions and to disclose their appraisals. Then, we ask readers to reconstruct emotions and appraisals from the text. This setup allows us to measure if emotions and appraisals can be recovered purely from text and provides a human baseline. Our comparison of text classification methods to human annotators shows that both can reliably detect emotions and appraisals with similar performance. Therefore, appraisals constitute an alternative computational emotion analysis paradigm and further improve the categorization of emotions in text with joint models.
description: Computational Linguistics Journal in Issue No 1, March 2023; 71 pages, 13 figures, 19 tables
मौलिक नेपाली मनोविज्ञान
Creators: name: Adhikari, Pralhad
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: native psychology, Buddha,

description: नेपाली मनोविज्ञान नेपाली भाषाहरु र उखानहरुमा भेटिन्छ। अबको पुस्ताका मनोविज्ञानकर्मीहरुले नेपाली संस्कृतिअनुकूल शोध र अभ्यास गर्नुपर्नेछ।
The imprint of gas on gravitational waves from LISA intermediate-mass black hole binaries
Creators: name: Garg, Mudit
name: Derdzinski, Andrea
name: Zwick, Lorenz
name: Capelo, Pedro R.
name: Mayer, Lucio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of torques on circular inspirals of intermediate-mass black hole binaries (IMBHBs) embedded in gas discs, wherein both BH masses are in the range $10^2$-$10^5~\rm{M}_\odot$, up to redshift $z = 10$. We focus on how torques impact the detected gravitational wave (GW) waveform in the frequency band of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) when the binary separation is within a few hundred Schwarzschild radii. For a sub-Eddington accretion disc with a viscosity coefficient $α=0.01$, surface density $Σ\approx10^5$ g cm$^{-2}$, and Mach number $\mathcal{M}_{\rm a}\approx80$, a gap, or a cavity, opens when the binary is in the LISA band. Depending on the torque's strength, LISA will observe dephasing in the IMBHB's GW signal up to either $z\sim5$ for high mass ratios ($q\approx0.1$) or to $z\sim7$ for $q\approx10^{-3}$. We study the dependence of the measurable dephasing on variations of BH masses, redshift, and accretion rates. Our results suggest that phase shift is detectable even in high-redshift ($z = 10$) binaries, provided that they experience super-Eddington accretion episodes. We investigate if the disc-driven torques can result in an observable `time-dependent' chirp mass with a simplified Fisher formalism, finding that, at the expected signal-to-noise ratio, the gas-induced variation of the chirp mass is too small to be detected. This work shows how perturbations of vacuum waveforms induced by gas should be strong enough to be detected by LISA for the IMBHB in the early inspiral phase. These perturbations encode precious information on the astrophysics of accretion discs and galactic nuclei. High-accuracy waveform models which incorporate these effects will be needed to extract such information.
description: Accepted by MNRAS
Dualities and flavored indices of M2-brane SCFTs
Creators: name: Hayashi, Hirotaka
name: Nosaka, Tomoki
name: Okazaki, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study various conjectural dual descriptions of a stack of M2-branes in M-theory including ADHM, ABJ(M), BLG, discrete gauge theories and quiver Chern-Simons (CS) theories and propose several new dualities of the M2-brane SCFTs by analyzing flavored supersymmetric indices in detail. The mapping of local operators, Coulomb, Higgs and mixed branch operators as well as global symmetries under the dualities are obtained from the precise matching of the indices. Furthermore, we find closed form expressions for the Coulomb limit of the indices of the $U(N)$ ADHM theory and the dual quiver CS theory for arbitrary $N$ and propose a refined generating function for plane partitions with trace $N$. For the quiver CS theories we also find an infinite-sum expression for the Higgs limit of the indices which is more useful than the original expression.
description: 126 pages, 5 figures, v2: published version in JHEP
Trait-dependent response of dung beetle populations to tropical forest conversion at local and regional scales
Creators: name: Nichols, Elizabeth
name: Uriarte, Maria
name: Slade, Eleanor M.
name: Bunker, Daniel E.
name: Favila, Mario E.
name: Vulinec, Kevina
name: Larsen, Trond
name: Vaz-De-Mello, Fernando Z.
name: Louzada, Julio
name: Naeem, Shahid
name: Spector, Sacha H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Entomology

description: Comparative analyses that link information on species' traits, environmental change, and organism response have rarely identified unambiguous trait correlates of vulnerability. We tested if species' traits could predict local-scale changes in dung beetle population response to three levels of forest conversion intensity within and across two biogeographic regions (the Neotropics and Afro-Eurasian tropics). We combined biodiversity surveys, a global molecular phylogeny, and information on three species' traits hypothesized to influence vulnerability to forest conversion to examine (1) the consistency of beetle population response across regions, (2) if species' traits could predict this response, and (3) the cross-regional consistency of trait–response relationships. Most beetle populations declined following any degree of forest conversion; these declines were strongest for Neotropical species. The relationship between traits and population trend was greatly influenced by local and biogeographic context. We discuss the ability of species' traits to explain population trends and suggest several ways to strengthen trait–response models.