GreenCharge Project Deliverable: D1.4 Summary of Project Achievements
Creators: name: Jiang, Shanshan
name: Floch, Jacqueline
name: Natvig, Marit
name: Tricker, Reggie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: eMobility
Charging management
Smart energy management

description: During the course of three and a half years, the GreenCharge project has proposed innovative solutions to help address the barriers to the wide uptake of eMobility. This deliverable presents the GreenCharge concept, approach and the main achievements in this regard. In the GreenCharge concept, electric vehicles, charge management and local energy management work together to facilitate a transport system running on green energy. This requires the integration of the transport, building and energy sectors and is complex, in part due to the lack of standardisation. The GreenCharge Reference Architecture provides a full-fledged specification of the ecosystem for smart and green charging and acts as a blueprint guiding the creation of individual system realisations into a coherent ecosystem for eMobility. Recommendations for the standardisation of the necessary functionality and requirements for protocols are suggested. The GreenCharge business models have been designed through participatory workshops and represented as multi-sided marketplace business models, instead of traditional "pipeline" business models. The business models cover innovative business aspects developed in the demonstrators as well as futuristic ones that are not feasible to demonstrate in the current state of practice. The GreenCharge project has set up demonstrators in three pilot cities: Oslo (Norway), Bremen (Germany) and Barcelona (Spain). The demonstrators are complementary in maturity and conditions with regard to the transition to eMobility. Each demo is supported by business models and technology prototypes that realise a selective set of innovative features defined in the Reference Architecture based on the local context. Together the demonstrators have experimented with the concept of smart energy management that makes use of local Renewable Energy Sources (RES) for charging, the flexible sharing of the charging infrastructure and the flexible sharing of various kinds of EVs. The GreenCharge evaluation framework and tools help establish knowledge (i.e., evaluation results and lessons learnt) about the implementation and the impact of the GreenCharge solutions in a scientifically correct way. The GreenCharge evaluation approach is based on an indicator framework built upon and extending the CIVITAS Evaluation Framework. The real-life demonstrators have been complemented by simulations to mitigate the limitations of the demonstrators with respect to size and complexity. The evaluation uses research data (automatically or manually collected) and has been supported by a KPI calculator, a simulator and two optimisers. New knowledge has been obtained through the evaluation results and lessons learnt from the demonstrations and simulations. The data collected from the pilots have been published as open research data to benefit the further research on the effects of eMobility in cities and other research. GreenCharge has provided recommendations and guidelines for integration of eMobility into Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) for city planners and policy makers. These include SUMP approaches with overall guidelines and best practice examples as inspiration for cities. In addition, recommendations for structuring multi-stakeholder investment in eMobility from business models perspective have been provided. The GreenCharge project has completed a coaching programme with a group of Uptake Cities. With the transfer of the skills and knowledge gained in GreenCharge, individual Uptake Cities produced a graphical "roadmap" (Uptake Cities Roadmaps) tailored to their own specific needs towards the future eMobility in their own city. GreenCharge also suggests ways local authorities can further develop their roadmaps to integrate green energy aspects. For each aspect, GreenCharge has also scrutinised innovation in energy, charging and mobility in the “outside world” to facilitate development of its own results and to remain relevant throughout (and after) the project. This is reflected throughout each of the document chapters.