cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tricritical fluctuations and elastic properties of the Ising antiferromagnet UIrSi$_3$
Creators: name: Haidamak, Tetiana
name: Valenta, Jaroslav
name: Prchal, Jiří
name: Vališka, Michal
name: Pospíšil, Jiří
name: Sechovský, Vladimír
name: Zvyagin, Andrei A.
name: Honda, Fuminori
name: Prokleška, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elastic constants, thermal expansion, magnetostriction and heat capacity measurements were performed with and without applied magnetic field on a single crystal of UIrSi$_3$. The elastic properties were interpreted within the theory of the strain-exchange effect. The exchange-striction model together with the Ising model for the behavior of magnetic localized 5$f$ electrons and itinerant electrons of uranium correctly reproduces the main features of our magneto-acoustic experiments in UIrSi$_3$. Data on thermal expansion and magnetostriction confirm the conclusion that the dominant contribution of the measured temperature and field change in the speed of sound comes from the change in the elastic modulus itself. Based on the analysis of heat capacity measurements in the magnetic field, we explain the significant anomalies at the second-order branch of the phase transition boundary as a manifestation of the tricritical fluctuations, dominating the region below the tricritical point. The outcome confirms the 3D Ising model, at zero and low magnetic fields, with a crossover to the mean-field tricritical behavior at fields close to the tricritical point, where tricritical fluctuations dominate the temperature evolution of the given property.
description: to be published in PRB
An intersectionality-based policy analysis framework: critical reflections on a methodology for advancing equity
Creators: name: Hankivsky, Olena
name: Grace, Daniel
name: Hunting, Gemma
name: Giesbrecht, Melissa
name: Fridkin, Alycia
name: Rudrum, Sarah
name: Ferlatte, Olivier
name: Clark, Natalie
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Introduction: In the field of health, numerous frameworks have emerged that advance understandings of the differential impacts of health policies to produce inclusive and socially just health outcomes. In this paper, we present the development of an important contribution to these efforts – an Intersectionality-Based Policy Analysis (IBPA) Framework. Methods: Developed over the course of two years in consultation with key stakeholders and drawing on best and promising practices of other equity-informed approaches, this participatory and iterative IBPA Framework provides guidance and direction for researchers, civil society, public health professionals and policy actors seeking to address the challenges of health inequities across diverse populations. Importantly, we present the application of the IBPA Framework in seven priority health-related policy case studies. Results: The analysis of each case study is focused on explaining how IBPA: 1) provides an innovative structure for critical policy analysis; 2) captures the different dimensions of policy contexts including history, politics, everyday lived experiences, diverse knowledges and intersecting social locations; and 3) generates transformative insights, knowledge, policy solutions and actions that cannot be gleaned from other equity-focused policy frameworks. Conclusion: The aim of this paper is to inspire a range of policy actors to recognize the potential of IBPA to foreground the complex contexts of health and social problems, and ultimately to transform how policy analysis is undertaken.
Power-law Spectrum of Energetic Particles in Classical Thermal Equilibrium by Pitch-angle Scattering Process
Creators: name: Zhang, Yiran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Boltzmann-Gibbs thermodynamic equilibrium state of charged particles pitch-angle scattered by weak plasma waves is discussed. Degrees of freedom of these waves play a fundamental role in constructing the grand canonical ensemble. Via the gyro-resonance condition, fast particles have an inverse break power-law spectrum for $ \varepsilon -μ\ll T $, where $ \varepsilon $ is the particle energy, $ μ$ is the chemical potential, $ T $ is the temperature. The break energies are the rest energy and $ -μ$. For $ \varepsilon \ll -μ\ll T $, the energy spectral index $ α$ is $ δ/2+1 $ and $ δ+1 $ for non- and ultra-relativistic particles, respectively, with $ δ$ an effective fractal dimension of background magnetic field lines. The spectral index for $ -μ\ll \varepsilon \ll T $ is $ α+1 $. This thermal equilibrium scenario, combined with the leaky-box model and cosmic-ray observations, seems to suggest that the Galactic magnetic field is super-diffusive with $ δ\approx 1.4 $.
description: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Data-driven soliton solutions and model parameters of nonlinear wave models via the conservation-law constrained neural network method
Creators: name: Fang, Yin
name: Wu, Gang-Zhou
name: Wang, Yue-Yue
name: Dai, Chao-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the process of the deep learning, we integrate more integrable information of nonlinear wave models, such as the conservation law obtained from the integrable theory, into the neural network structure, and propose a conservation-law constrained neural network method with the flexible learning rate to predict solutions and parameters of nonlinear wave models. As some examples, we study real and complex typical nonlinear wave models, including nonlinear Schrödinger equation, Korteweg-de Vries and modified Korteweg-de Vries equations. Compared with the traditional physics-informed neural network method, this new method can more accurately predict solutions and parameters of some specific nonlinear wave models even when less information is needed, for example, in the absence of the boundary conditions. This provides a reference to further study solutions of nonlinear wave models by combining the deep learning and the integrable theory.
Bythinella petrosensis Gloer & Reuselaars 2020
Creators: name: Glöer, Peter
name: Hirschfelder, Hans-Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Gastropoda
Littorinimorpha
Bythinellidae
Bythinella
Bythinella petrosensis

description: Bythinella petrosensis Glöer & Reuselaars, 2020 [fig. 3.3]
 Remarks: The sampling site was investigated again on 28.04.2019. Bythinella petrosensis was found for the first time in natural habitat few meters beside the artificial basin (type locality). The Bogreika Kalivia Spring consists of several sources that are scattered in a small valley in mountain forest. The species was found only in one tiny spring next to the main brook. The artificial basin was nearly dried out and no specimens could be found there in 2019.
description: Published as part of Glöer, Peter & Hirschfelder, Hans-Jürgen, 2020, Some new Bythinella spp. from southern Greece (Gastropoda: Bythinellidae), pp. 60-67 in Ecologica Montenegrina 30 on page 66, DOI: 10.37828/em.2020.30.5, http://zenodo.org/record/13231395
Categorizer: a tool to categorize genes into user-defined biological groups based on semantic similarity
Creators: name: Na, Dokyun
name: Son, Hyungbin
name: Gsponer, Jörg
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Background. Communalities between large sets of genes obtained from high-throughput experiments are often identified by searching for enrichments of genes with the same Gene Ontology (GO) annotations. The GO analysis tools used for these enrichment analyses assume that GO terms are independent and the semantic distances between all parent–child terms are identical, which is not true in a biological sense. In addition these tools output lists of often redundant or too specific GO terms, which are difficult to interpret in the context of the biological question investigated by the user. Therefore, there is a demand for a robust and reliable method for gene categorization and enrichment analysis. Results We have developed Categorizer, a tool that classifies genes into user-defined groups (categories) and calculates p-values for the enrichment of the categories. Categorizer identifies the biologically best-fit category for each gene by taking advantage of a specialized semantic similarity measure for GO terms. We demonstrate that Categorizer provides improved categorization and enrichment results of genetic modifiers of Huntington’s disease compared to a classical GO Slim-based approach or categorizations using other semantic similarity measures. Conclusion Categorizer enables more accurate categorizations of genes than currently available methods. This new tool will help experimental and computational biologists analyzing genomic and proteomic data according to their specific needs in a more reliable manner.
Few Observation Binary Orbit Solver (FOBOS) from two (or more) astrometric observations
Creators: name: Houghton, Rebecca J.
name: Goodwin, Simon P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a new, fast method of estimating the orbital properties of a binary or triple system using as few as two epochs of astrometric data. FOBOS (Few Observation Binary Orbit Solver) uses a flat prior brute force Monte Carlo method to produce probability density functions of the likely orbital parameters. We test the code on fake observations and show that it can (fairly often) constrain the semi-major axis to within a factor of 2-3, and the inclination to within $\sim$20$^{\circ}$ from only two astrometric observations. We also show that the 68 and 95 per cent confidence intervals are statistically reliable. Applying this method to triple systems allows the relative inclination of the secondary and tertiary star orbits to be constrained. FOBOS can usually find a statistically significant number of possible matches in CPU minutes for binary systems, and CPU hours for triple systems.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 15 pages (plus 3 page appendix), 18 figures
A Critical Edge Number Revealed for Phase Stabilities of Two-Dimensional Ball-Stick Polygons
Creators: name: Zhu, Ruijian
name: Wang, Yanting
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase behaviors of two-dimensional (2D) systems constitute a fundamental topic in condensed matter and statistical physics. Although hard polygons and interactive point-like particles are well studied, the phase behaviors of more realistic molecular systems considering intermolecular interaction and molecular shape remain elusive. Here we investigate by molecular dynamics simulation thermal stabilities of 2D ball-stick polygons, serving as simplified models for molecular systems. Below the melting temperature $T_{m}$, we identify a critical edge number $n_{c}$, at which a waving superlattice structure emerges; when n < $n_{c}$,the triangular system stabilizes at a spin-ice-like glassy state; when n > $n_{c}$,the polygons stabilize at crystalline states, and $T_{m}$ is higher for polygons with more edges at higher pressures but exhibits a crossover for hexagon and octagon at low pressures. A theoretical framework taking into account the competition between entropy and enthalpy is proposed to provide a comprehensive understanding of our results, which is anticipated to facilitate the design of 2D materials.
description: Version 4 is accepted by Nature Communications
The SUNBIRD survey: the K-band luminosity functions of young massive clusters in intensely star-forming galaxies
Creators: name: Randriamanakoto, Z.
name: Vaisanen, P.
name: Ranaivomanana, P.
name: Ramphul, R.
name: Kankare, E.
name: Mattila, S.
name: Ryder, S. D.
name: Kotilainen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Strongly star-forming galaxies are prolific in producing the young and most massive star clusters (YMCs) still forming today. This work investigates the star cluster luminosity functions (CLFs, dN/dL ~ L^{-alpha}) of 26 starburst and luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) taken from the SUNBIRD survey. The targets were imaged using near-infrared (NIR) K-band adaptive optics systems. Single power-law fits of the derived CLFs result in a slope ranging between 1.53 and 2.41, with the median and average of 1.87 +/- 0.23 and 1.93 +/- 0.23, respectively. Possible biases such as blending effects and the choice of binning should only flatten the slope by no more than ~0.15, especially for cases where the luminosity distance of the host galaxy is below 100 Mpc. Results from this follow-up study strengthen the conclusion from our previous work: the CLF slopes are shallower for strongly star-forming galaxies in comparison to those with less intense star formation activity. There is also a (mild) correlation between the slope and both the host galaxy's star formation rate (SFR) and SFR density Sigma_SFR, i.e. the CLF flattens with an increasing SFR and Sigma_SFR. Finally, we also find that CLFs on sub-galactic scales associated with the nuclear regions of cluster-rich targets (N ~ 300) have typically shallower slopes than the ones of the outer field by ~0.5. Our analyses suggest that the extreme environments of strongly star-forming galaxies are likely to influence the cluster formation mechanisms and ultimately their physical properties.
description: 25 pages, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Stability for QED in d=3: an overview
Creators: name: Dimock, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T08, 81T13, 81T17, 81T25

description: We report on a result on quantum electrodynamics on a three dimensional Euclidean spacetime. The model is formulated on a toroidal lattice with unit volume and variable lattice spacing. The result is that the renormalized partition function is bounded above and below uniformly in the lattice spacing. This is a first step toward showing that the partition function and correlation functions have limits as the lattice spacing goes to zero.
description: 16 pages, to appear in proceedings ICMP 2021
On the formation of globular clusters: comparison with observations
Creators: name: Jiménez, Santiago
name: Tenorio-Tagle, Guillermo
name: Silich, Sergiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper deals with the conditions required to form at least two stellar generations in globular clusters under the constraints generated by feedback from massive stars as well as radiative cooling and the metallicity of the primordial clouds. Our calculations are based on two main constraints to the star formation efficiency of the first stellar generation (1G) $ε_{1G}$. First, $ε_{1G}$ is restricted to warrant that stellar winds and supernovae do not disrupt the leftover gas out of which a second generation (2G) would form. Second, $ε_{1G}$ is also limited such that the metallicity enhancement caused by trapped supernovae is, in agreement with the observations, not larger than $\sim$ 0.1 dex. Several central parameters define the globular clusters end result: the mass and radius of the primordial clouds, their metallicity and $ε_{1G}$. The parameter space composed by models which fulfilled all constraints, is here shown to coincide remarkably well with the scattered observed anti-correlation between the fraction of first generation stars ($f_{\textrm{1G}}$) and total cluster mass. Our models also discern, in agreement with the data, between single and multiple population clusters in a metallicity versus mass (or radius) plane. Hence, our results suggest that the presence of multiple stellar populations is closely linked to the ability of proto-globular clusters to retain a fraction of leftover gas.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 10 pages, 6 figures
Large-scale Dynamics of Winds Driven by Line Force from a Thin Accretion Disk
Creators: name: Zhu, Yi
name: Bu, De-Fu
name: Yang, Xiao-Hong
name: Yuan, Feng
name: Lin, Wen-Bin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Winds play a significant role in active galactic nuclei feedback process. Previous simulations studying winds only focus on a small dynamical range. Therefore, it is unknown how far the winds can go and what the properties of the winds will be if they can move to large radii. We perform simulations to study the large scale dynamics of winds driven by line force. We find that the properties of the winds depend on both black hole mass ($M_{BH}$) and accretion disk luminosity. When the accretion disk luminosity is $0.6L_{edd}$ ($L_{edd}$ being Eddington luminosity), independent of $M_{BH}$, the winds have kinetic energy flux exceeding $1\% L_{edd}$ and can escape from the black hole potential. For the case with the accretion disk luminosity equaling 0.3$L_{edd}$, the strength of the winds decreases with the decrease of $M_{BH}$. If $M_{BH}$ decreases from $10^9$ to $10^6$ solar mass ($M_\odot$), the winds kinetic energy flux decreases from $\sim 0.01 L_{edd}$ to $ \sim 10^{-6} L_{edd}$. In case of $M_{BH}\geq 10^7 M_\odot$, winds can escape from black hole potential. In the case of $M_{BH}=10^6 M_\odot$, the winds can not escape. We find that for the ultra-fast winds observed in hard X-ray bands (\citealt{Gofford et al. 2015}), the observed dependence of the mass flux and the kinetic energy flux on accretion disk luminosity can be well produced by line force driven winds model. We also find that the properties of the ultra-fast winds observed in soft X-ray bands can be explained by the line force driven winds model.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Cosmic evolution of low-excitation radio galaxies in the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey Deep Fields
Creators: name: Kondapally, R.
name: Best, P. N.
name: Cochrane, R. K.
name: Sabater, J.
name: Duncan, K. J.
name: Hardcastle, M. J.
name: Haskell, P.
name: Mingo, B.
name: Röttgering, H. J. A.
name: Smith, D. J. B.
name: Williams, W. L.
name: Bonato, M.
name: Rivera, G. Calistro
name: Gao, F.
name: Hale, C. L.
name: Małek, K.
name: Miley, G. K.
name: Prandoni, I.
name: Wang, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Feedback from low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs) plays a key role in the lifecycle of massive galaxies in the local Universe; their evolution, and the impact of these active galactic nuclei on early galaxy evolution, however, remain poorly understood. We use a sample of 10481 LERGs from the first data release of the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey Deep Fields, covering $\sim$ 25 deg$^2$, to present the first measurement of the evolution of the radio luminosity function (LF) of LERGs out to $z\sim2.5$; this shows relatively mild evolution. We split the LERGs into those hosted by quiescent and star-forming galaxies, finding a new dominant population of LERGs hosted by star-forming galaxies at high redshifts. The incidence of LERGs in quiescent galaxies shows a steep dependence on stellar-mass out to $z \sim1.5$, consistent with local Universe measurements of accretion occurring from cooling of hot gas haloes. The quiescent-LERGs dominate the LFs at $z<1$, showing a strong decline in space density with redshift, tracing that of the available host galaxies, while there is an increase in the characteristic luminosity. The star-forming LERG LF increases with redshift, such that this population dominates the space densities at most radio-luminosities by $z \sim 1$. The incidence of LERGs in star-forming galaxies shows a much weaker stellar-mass dependence, and increases with redshift, suggesting a different fuelling mechanism compared to their quiescent counterparts, potentially associated with the cold gas supply present in the star-forming galaxies.
description: 26 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. LF data available at: https://github.com/rohitk-10/AGN_LF_Kondapally22 . Author list error corrected in updated version
Upper Bounds on Overshoot in SIR Models with Nonlinear Incidence
Creators: name: Nguyen, Maximilian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We expand the calculation of the upper bound on epidemic overshoot in SIR models to account for nonlinear incidence. We lay out the general procedure and restrictions to perform the calculation analytically for nonlinear functions in the number of susceptibles. We demonstrate the procedure by working through several examples and also numerically study what happens to the upper bound on overshoot when nonlinear incidence manifests in the form of epidemic dynamics over a contact network. We find that both steeper incidence terms and larger contact heterogeneity can increase the range of communicable diseases at which the overshoot remains a relatively large public health hazard.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures + Supplemental Information
Emergent dynamics due to chemo-hydrodynamic self-interactions in active polymers
Creators: name: Kumar, Manoj
name: Murali, Aniruddh
name: Subramaniam, Arvin Gopal
name: Singh, Rajesh
name: Thutupalli, Shashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of synthetic active matter has, thus far, been led by efforts to create point-like, isolated (yet interacting) self-propelled objects (\emph{e.g.} colloids, droplets, microrobots) and understanding their collective dynamics. The design of flexible, freely jointed active assemblies from autonomously powered components remains a challenge. Here, we report freely-jointed active polymers created using self-propelled droplets as monomeric units. Our experiments reveal that the self-shaping chemo-hydrodynamic interactions between the monomeric droplets give rise to an emergent rigidity (the acquisition of a stereotypical asymmetric C-shape) and associated ballistic propulsion of the active polymers. The rigidity and propulsion of the chains vary systematically with their lengths. Using simulations of a minimal model, we establish that the emergent polymer dynamics are a generic consequence of quasi two-dimensional confinement and auto-repulsive trail-mediated chemical interactions between the freely jointed active droplets. Finally, we tune the interplay between the chemical and hydrodynamic fields to experimentally demonstrate oscillatory dynamics of the rigid polymer propulsion. Altogether, our work highlights the possible first steps towards synthetic self-morphic active matter.
description: 15 pages. 8 Figures
Breakdown of self-similarity in light transport
Creators: name: Pini, Ernesto
name: Mazzamuto, Giacomo
name: Riboli, Francesco
name: Wiersma, Diederik S.
name: Pattelli, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transport processes underpin a multitude of phenomena, ranging from the propagation of atoms on lattices, to the mobility patterns of microorganisms and earthquakes, to name a few. The dynamics of these processes is very rich and key to understanding the complex nature of the underlying physics, but the way in which we classify them is often too simplistic to fully reflect this complexity. Here, we report on the experimental observation of a breakdown of self-similar propagation for light inside a scattering medium - a transport regime exhibiting different scaling rates for each spatial moment of the associated probability distribution. Notably, we show that this phenomenon arises for light waves even in the simple case of isotropic and homogeneous disorder, and can be controlled by tuning the turbidity of the system. These results support the idea that the traditional dichotomy between normal and anomalous diffusion is reductive and that a richer framework should be constructed based on the concept of self-similarity as this class of transport regimes may be far more common that it is currently believed. In addition, this insight can help understand scenarios where transport is dominated by rare propagation events, as in non-linear and active media, or more generally in other fields of research.
Crack-free high composition (>35%) thick (>30 nm) barrier AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT on sapphire with record low sheet resistance
Creators: name: Mukhopadhyay, Swarnav
name: Liu, Cheng
name: Chen, Jiahao
name: Sanyal, Surjava
name: Bai, Ruixin
name: Wang, Guangying
name: Gupta, Chirag
name: Pasayat, Shubhra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, high composition (>35%) thick (>30 nm) barrier AlGaN/AlN/GaN HEMT structure grown on a sapphire substrate with ultra-low sheet resistivity (<250 Ω/ \Box ) is reported. Optimization of growth conditions, such as reduced growth rate, low carbon incorporation, and thickness optimization of different epitaxial layers allowed to grow a crack-free high composition and thick AlGaN barrier layer HEMT structure. A significantly high two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density of 1.46 \times 10^{13} cm^{-2} with a room temperature mobility of 1710 cm^{2}/V.s is obtained by Hall measurement using the Van-Der-Pauw method. These state-of-the-art results show great potential for high-power Ga-polar HEMT design on the sapphire substrate.
description: 14 pages, 7 main figures (Total=11 figures), 2 tables
Practices and determinants of delivery by skilled birth attendants in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Islam, Nazrul
name: Islam, Mohammad T
name: Yoshimura, Yukie
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Introduction: Utilization of Skilled Birth Attendants (SBAs) at birth is low (20%) in Bangladesh. Birth attendance by SBAs is considered as the “single most important factor in preventing maternal deaths”. This paper examined the practices and determinants of delivery by SBAs in rural Bangladesh. Methods: The data come from the post-intervention survey of a cluster-randomized community controlled trial conducted to evaluate the impact of limited post-natal care (PNC) services on healthcare seeking behavior of women with a recent live birth in rural Bangladesh (n = 702). Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the potential determinants of delivery by SBAs. Results: The respondents were aged between 16 and 45, with the mean age of 24.41 (± 5.03) years. Approximately one-third (30.06%) of the women had their last delivery by SBAs. Maternal occupation, parity, complications during pregnancy and antenatal checkup (ANC) by SBAs were the significant determinants of delivery by SBAs. Women who took antenatal care by SBAs were 2.62 times as likely (95% CI: 1.66, 4.14; p < 0.001) to have their delivery conducted by SBAs compared to those who did not, after adjusting for other covariates. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that ANC by SBAs and complications during pregnancies are significant determinants of delivery by SBAs. Measure should be in place to promote antenatal checkup by SBAs to increase utilization of SBAs at birth in line with achieving the Millennium Development Goal-5. Future research should focus in exploring the unmet need for, and potential barriers in, the utilization of delivery by SBAs.
Thermodynamic Geometry of Nonequilibrium Fluctuations in Cyclically Driven Transport
Creators: name: Wang, Zi
name: Ren, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonequilibrium thermal machines under cyclic driving generally outperform steady-state counterparts. However, there is still lack of coherent understanding of versatile transport and fluctuation features under time modulations. Here, we formulate a theoretical framework of thermodynamic geometry in terms of full counting statistics of nonequilibrium driven transports. We find that, besides the conventional dynamic and adiabatic geometric curvature contributions, the generating function is divided into an additional nonadiabatic contribution, manifested as the metric term of full counting statistics. This nonadiabatic metric generalizes recent results of thermodynamic geometry in near-equilibrium entropy production to far-from-equilibrium fluctuations of general currents. Furthermore, the framework proves geometric thermodynamic uncertainty relations of near-adiabatic thermal devices, constraining fluctuations in terms of statistical metric quantities. We exemplify the theory in experimentally accessible driving-induced quantum chiral transport and Brownian heat pump.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
Transformer with Selective Shuffled Position Embedding and Key-Patch Exchange Strategy for Early Detection of Knee Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Wang, Zhe
name: Chetouani, Aladine
name: Jarraya, Mohamed
name: Hans, Didier
name: Jennane, Rachid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Knee OsteoArthritis (KOA) is a widespread musculoskeletal disorder that can severely impact the mobility of older individuals. Insufficient medical data presents a significant obstacle for effectively training models due to the high cost associated with data labelling. Currently, deep learning-based models extensively utilize data augmentation techniques to improve their generalization ability and alleviate overfitting. However, conventional data augmentation techniques are primarily based on the original data and fail to introduce substantial diversity to the dataset. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on the Vision Transformer (ViT) model with original Selective Shuffled Position Embedding (SSPE) and key-patch exchange strategies to obtain different input sequences as a method of data augmentation for early detection of KOA (KL-0 vs KL-2). More specifically, we fix and shuffle the position embedding of key and non-key patches, respectively. Then, for the target image, we randomly select other candidate images from the training set to exchange their key patches and thus obtain different input sequences. Finally, a hybrid loss function is developed by incorporating multiple loss functions for different types of the sequences. According to the experimental results, the generated data are considered valid as they lead to a notable improvement in the model's classification performance.
A Dynamical Evolution Study of the Open Clusters: Berkeley 10, Berkeley 81, Berkeley 89 and Ruprecht 135
Creators: name: Çakmak, Hikmet
name: Karataş, Yüksel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By utilising Gaia EDR3 photometric / astrometric data, we studied the dynamical evolution from the obtained astrophysical, structural and dynamical parameters of the open clusters (OCs), Berkeley 10 (Be 10), Berkeley 81 (Be 81), Berkeley 89 (Be 89), and Ruprecht 135 (Ru 135). The Gaia EDR3 photometric distances from the isochrone fitting method are smaller than the ones of Gaia EDR2. The relaxation times of four OCs are smaller than their ages, in this regard, they are dynamically relaxed. Their steep overall mass function slopes mean that their low mass stars outnumber their massive ones. Their large $τ$ / relatively small $t_{rlx}$ values imply an advanced mass segregation. Therefore, they seem to have lost their low-mass stars much to the field. Be 89's outer parts indicate an expansion with time. However, Be 10 and Be 81 show the relatively shrinkage core/cluster radii due to dynamical evolution. Ru 135 (1.0 Gyr) may have a primordial origin, instead of shrinking in size and mass with time. Be 89's tidal radius is less than its cluster radius. This means that its member stars lie within its tidal radius, in the sense it is gravitationally bound to the cluster. For the rest OCs, the cluster members beyond their tidal radii are gravitationally unbound to the clusters, which are more influenced by the potential of the Galaxy.
description: 30 pages, 33 figures and 6 tables. Accepted for publication in New Astronomy
Blocked Gibbs sampler for hierarchical Dirichlet processes
Creators: name: Das, Snigdha
name: Niu, Yabo
name: Ni, Yang
name: Mallick, Bani K.
name: Pati, Debdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Posterior computation in hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) mixture models is an active area of research in nonparametric Bayes inference of grouped data. Existing literature almost exclusively focuses on the Chinese restaurant franchise (CRF) analogy of the marginal distribution of the parameters, which can mix poorly and has a quadratic complexity with the sample size. A recently developed slice sampler allows for efficient blocked updates of the parameters, but is shown to be statistically unstable in our article. We develop a blocked Gibbs sampler that employs a truncated approximation of the underlying random measures to sample from the posterior distribution of HDP, which produces statistically stable results, is highly scalable with respect to sample size, and is shown to have good mixing. The heart of the construction is to endow the shared concentration parameter with an appropriately chosen gamma prior that allows us to break the dependence of the shared mixing proportions and permits independent updates of certain log-concave random variables in a block. En route, we develop an efficient rejection sampler for these random variables leveraging piece-wise tangent-line approximations.
Experimental violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality with a single-spin system
Creators: name: Tusun, Maimaitiyiming
name: Cheng, Wei
name: Chai, Zihua
name: Wu, Yang
name: Wang, Ya
name: Rong, Xing
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigation the boundary between quantum mechanical description and classical realistic view is of fundamental importance. The Leggett-Garg inequality provides a criterion to distinguish between quantum systems and classical systems, and can be used to prove the macroscopic superposition state. A larger upper bound of the LG function can be obtained in a multi-level system. Here, we present an experimental violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality in a three-level system using nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond by ideal negative result measurement. The experimental maximum value of Leggett-Garg function is $K_{3}^{exp}=1.625\pm0.022$ which exceeds the Lüders bound with a $5σ$ level of confidence.
3D mapping of the Wolf-Rayet nebula M1-67: clues for post-common envelope evolution in massive stars
Creators: name: Zavala, S.
name: Toalá, J. A.
name: Santamarí, E.
name: Ramos-Larios, G.
name: Sabin, L.
name: Quino-Mendoza, J. A.
name: Rubio, G.
name: Guerrero, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a 3D mapping of the Wolf-Rayet (WR) nebula M1-67 around WR124. We obtained high-resolution San Pedro Mártir (SPM) Manchester Echelle Spectrograph (MES) observations along 17 long-slit positions covering all morphological features in M1-67. We are able to unveil the true morphology of M1-67 and its kinematics by interpreting the SPM MES observations by means of the 3D modelling tool for Astrophysics SHAPE. Our SHAPE model that best reproduces the SPM MES data includes three concentric bipolar structures composed by a hollow ellipsoidal structure and a torus. In addition, the model requires the presence of expanding jets and broken blisters in order to reproduce specific spectral features. Our results are consistent with the idea that M1-67 and its progenitor star WR124 have formed through a common envelope scenario that occurred 11.8$^{+4.6}_{-0.8}$ kyr ago. Our bipolar model strongly questions previous suggestions of the presence of a bow shock structure surrounding M1-67. We interpret that the bright structures detected in the spectra extracted from the central regions are produced by wind compression at the receding region of the innermost structure in M1-67. Furthermore, WR124 is moving through a low-density region above the Galactic plane that has negligibly affected the formation history of M1-67.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables; Accepted to MNRAS
Classical Chaos in Quantum Computers
Creators: name: Börner, Simon-Dominik
name: Berke, Christoph
name: DiVincenzo, David P.
name: Trebst, Simon
name: Altland, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of quantum computing hardware is facing the challenge that current-day quantum processors, comprising 50-100 qubits, already operate outside the range of quantum simulation on classical computers. In this paper we demonstrate that the simulation of classical limits can be a potent diagnostic tool potentially mitigating this problem. As a testbed for our approach we consider the transmon qubit processor, a computing platform in which the coupling of large numbers of nonlinear quantum oscillators may trigger destabilizing chaotic resonances. We find that classical and quantum simulations lead to similar stability metrics (classical Lyapunov exponents vs. quantum wave function participation ratios) in systems with $\mathcal{O}(10)$ transmons. However, the big advantage of classical simulation is that it can be pushed to large systems comprising up to thousands of qubits. We exhibit the utility of this classical toolbox by simulating all current IBM transmon chips, including the recently announced 433-qubit processor of the Osprey generation, as well as future devices with 1,121 qubits (Condor generation). For realistic system parameters, we find a systematic increase of Lyapunov exponents with system size, suggesting that larger layouts require added efforts in information protection.
description: 11 pages, 17 figures, Appendix (3 pages, 3 figures)
Optimal reinforcement learning near the edge of synchronization transition
Creators: name: Khoshkhou, Mahsa
name: Montakhab, Afshin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental and theoretical studies have indicated that the putative criticality of cortical dynamics may corresponds to a synchronization phase transition. The critical dynamics near such a critical point needs further investigation specifically when compared to the critical behavior near the standard absorbing state phase transition. Since the phenomena of learning and self-organized criticality (SOC) at the edge of synchronization transition can emerge jointly in spiking neural networks due to the presence of spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP), it is tempting to ask: What is the relationship between synchronization and learning in neural networks? Further, does learning benefit from SOC at the edge of synchronization transition? In this paper, we intend to address these important issues. Accordingly, we construct a biologically inspired model of an autonomous cognitive system which learns to perform stimulus-response tasks. We train this system using a reinforcement learning rule implemented through dopamine-modulated STDP. We find that the system exhibits a continuous transition from synchronous to asynchronous neural oscillations upon increasing the average axonal time delay. We characterize the learning performance of the system and observe that it is optimized near the synchronization transition. We also study neuronal avalanches in the system and provide evidence that optimized learning is achieved in a slightly supercritical state.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Physical Review E
Higher-Order Network Interactions through Phase Reduction for Oscillators with Phase-Dependent Amplitude
Creators: name: Bick, Christian
name: Böhle, Tobias
name: Kuehn, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34C15, 37Nxx, 35F15

description: Coupled oscillator networks provide mathematical models for interacting periodic processes. If the coupling is weak, phase reduction -- the reduction of the dynamics onto an invariant torus -- captures the emergence of collective dynamical phenomena, such as synchronization. While a first-order approximation of the dynamics on the torus may be appropriate in some situations, higher-order phase reductions become necessary, for example, when the coupling strength increases. However, these are generally hard to compute and thus they have only been derived in special cases: This includes globally coupled Stuart--Landau oscillators, where the limit cycle of the uncoupled nonlinear oscillator is circular as the amplitude is independent of the phase. We go beyond this restriction and derive second-order phase reductions for coupled oscillators for arbitrary networks of coupled nonlinear oscillators with phase-dependent amplitude, a scenario more reminiscent of real-world oscillations. We analyze how the deformation of the limit cycle affects the stability of important dynamical states, such as full synchrony and splay states. By identifying higher-order phase interaction terms with hyperedges of a hypergraph, we obtain natural classes of coupled phase oscillator dynamics on hypergraphs that adequately capture the dynamics of coupled limit cycle oscillators.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures
Ipsos Misinformation and Conspiracy Theory Poll: December 2021
Creators: name: Ipsos Public Affairs
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Issues that cause the most worry (19); trust in leaders/organizations/public figures (11); believe in conspiracy theories (10); 2020 presidential race outcome (3); unfair censoring of conservatives on social media (1); critical race theory (2); homeopathic vs. traditional medicine (2); concern about false information/media bias (5); January 6th insurrection (1); main source of news (1); participated politically for the first time in the past year (6); coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination status (1); 2020 presidential election vote (1).
Rapidly rotating stars and their transiting planets: KELT-17b, KELT-19Ab, and KELT-21b in the CHEOPS and TESS era
Creators: name: Garai, Zoltán
name: Pribulla, Theodor
name: Kovács, József
name: Szabó, Gyula M.
name: Claret, Antonio
name: Komžík, Richard
name: Kundra, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapidly rotating early-type main-sequence stars with transiting planets are interesting in many aspects. Unfortunately, several astrophysical effects in such systems are not well understood yet. Therefore, we performed a photometric mini-survey of three rapidly rotating stars with transiting planets, namely KELT-17b, KELT-19Ab, and KELT-21b, using the Characterising Exoplanets Satellite (CHEOPS), complemented with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data, and spectroscopic data. We aimed at investigating the spin-orbit misalignment and its photometrical signs, therefore the high-quality light curves of the selected objects were tested for transit asymmetry, transit duration variations, and orbital precession. In addition, we performed transit time variation analyses, obtained new stellar parameters, and refined the system parameters. For KELT-17b and KELT-19Ab we obtained significantly smaller planet radius as found before. The gravity-darkening effect is very small compared to the precision of CHEOPS data. We can report only on a tentative detection of the stellar inclination of KELT-21, which is about 60 deg. In KELT-17b and KELT-19Ab we were able to exclude long-term transit duration variations causing orbital precession. The shorter transit duration of KELT-19Ab compared to the discovery paper is probably a consequence of a smaller planet radius. KELT-21b is promising from this viewpoint, but further precise observations are needed. We did not find any convincing evidence for additional objects in the systems.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Generating GPS activity spaces that shed light upon the mobility habits of older adults: a descriptive analysis
Creators: name: Hirsch, Jana A.
name: Winters, Meghan
name: Clarke, Philippa
name: McKay, Heather Anne, 1954-
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Measuring mobility is critical for understanding neighborhood influences on older adults’ health and functioning. Global Positioning Systems (GPS) may represent an important opportunity to measure, describe, and compare mobility patterns in older adults. Methods: We generated three types of activity spaces (Standard Deviation Ellipse, Minimum Convex Polygon, Daily Path Area) using GPS data from 95 older adults in Vancouver, Canada. Calculated activity space areas and compactness were compared across sociodemographic and resource characteristics. Results: Area measures derived from the three different approaches to developing activity spaces were highly correlated. Participants who were younger, lived in less walkable neighborhoods, had a valid driver’s license, had access to a vehicle, or had physical support to go outside of their homes had larger activity spaces. Mobility space compactness measures also differed by sociodemographic and resource characteristics. Conclusions: This research extends the literature by demonstrating that GPS tracking can be used as a valuable tool to better understand the geographic mobility patterns of older adults. This study informs potential ways to maintain older adult independence by identifying factors that influence geographic mobility.
title: Préface_Cinq pièces en un acte
Creators: name: AmateurS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Préface
description: ID_PARA_00921