cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Genetic Toxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: A Cross-Tissue, Multi-Endpoint Study in the Transgenic MutaMouse
Creators: name: Long, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2017
Subjects: Genetic toxicology
Mutation
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
Benchmark dose modelling
DNA adduct
Chromosome damage

description: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are produced via the incomplete combustion of organic matter. They are ubiquitously present in the environment, and human exposures typically involve complex PAH mixtures in complex matrices (e.g., soil, urban air). Many PAHs are genotoxic carcinogens; exposures can augment cancer risk and reliable risk assessment of PAH mixtures is a regulatory concern. There is a paucity of in vivo genotoxicity information for most PAHs and PAH mixtures. Risk assessment of PAH mixtures assumes dose addition (i.e., additive, incremental contributions from each PAH); however, there is a lack of evidence to support this assumption. This thesis assessed the in vivo genotoxicity of 9 PAHs and 6 PAH mixtures following sub-chronic oral exposure of transgenic Muta™Mouse (i.e., adduct and lacZ mutant frequency across 5 tissues). The results revealed that PAHs and PAH mixtures induce significant levels of genetic damage; the mixtures induced very high levels of damage and mutations. Differences in the nature and magnitude of the effects in individual tissues appear to be related to the processes that govern PAH metabolism and the processing of genetic damage (e.g., repair and translesion synthesis). Scrutiny of the dose addition assumption revealed more-than-additive effects in tissues proximal to the exposure route (i.e., intestine, liver), but less-than-additive effects in distal tissues (i.e., bone marrow); however, discrepancies between the experimentally-observed and predicted responses were typically small (i.e., within 5-fold). Comparisons of cross-tissue patterns in adduct and mutant frequencies revealed that the frequency of the former is generally inversely related to that of the latter. This appears to be related to the experimental design, and the influence of repair and replication on adduct and mutant frequency. The BMD approach was employed to estimate genotoxic (i.e., adduct) potency and mutagenic (i.e., lacZ mutant) potency for all agent-tissue combinations. The results demonstrate that the mutagenic potency of PAHs and PAH mixtures is empirically related to genotoxic potency; moreover, that there is cross-tissue and cross-compound congruence in the processing of PAH-induced damage. The results obtained significantly advance existing knowledge regarding the genotoxic hazards of PAHs and PAH mixtures; moreover, the empirical relationships between genetic toxicity endpoints.
Bayesian Quickest Detection of Propagating Spatial Events
Creators: name: Halme, Topi
name: Nitzan, Eyal
name: Koivunen, Visa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rapid detection of spatial events that propagate across a sensor network is of wide interest in many modern applications. In particular, in communications, radar, IoT, environmental monitoring, and biosurveillance, we may observe propagating fields or particles. In this paper, we propose Bayesian sequential single and multiple change-point detection procedures for the rapid detection of such phenomena. Using a dynamic programming framework we derive the structure of the optimal single-event quickest detection procedure, which minimizes the average detection delay (ADD) subject to a false alarm probability upper bound. The multi-sensor system configuration is arbitrary and sensors may be mobile. In the rare event regime, the optimal procedure converges to a more practical threshold test on the posterior probability of the change point. A convenient recursive computation of this posterior probability is derived by using the propagation characteristics of the spatial event. The ADD of the posterior probability threshold test is analyzed in the asymptotic regime, and specific analysis is conducted in the setting of detecting random Gaussian signals affected by path loss. Then, we show how the proposed procedure is easy to extend for detecting multiple propagating spatial events in parallel in a multiple hypothesis testing setting. A method that provides strict false discovery rate (FDR) control is proposed. In the simulation section, it is demonstrated that exploiting the spatial properties of the event decreases the ADD compared to procedures that do not utilize this information, even under model mismatch.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Structural risk minimization for quantum linear classifiers
Creators: name: Gyurik, Casper
name: van Vreumingen, Dyon
name: Dunjko, Vedran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Quantum machine learning (QML) models based on parameterized quantum circuits are often highlighted as candidates for quantum computing's near-term ``killer application''. However, the understanding of the empirical and generalization performance of these models is still in its infancy. In this paper we study how to balance between training accuracy and generalization performance (also called structural risk minimization) for two prominent QML models introduced by Havlíček et al. (Nature, 2019), and Schuld and Killoran (PRL, 2019). Firstly, using relationships to well understood classical models, we prove that two model parameters -- i.e., the dimension of the sum of the images and the Frobenius norm of the observables used by the model -- closely control the models' complexity and therefore its generalization performance. Secondly, using ideas inspired by process tomography, we prove that these model parameters also closely control the models' ability to capture correlations in sets of training examples. In summary, our results give rise to new options for structural risk minimization for QML models.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures
Hidden treasures in the unknown 3CR extragalactic radio sky: a multi-wavelength approach
Creators: name: Missaglia, V.
name: Massaro, F.
name: Liuzzo, E.
name: Paggi, A.
name: Kraft, R. P.
name: Forman, W. R.
name: Jimenez-Gallardo, A.
name: Madrid, J. P.
name: Ricci, F.
name: Stuardi, C.
name: Wilkes, B. J.
name: Baum, S. A.
name: O'Dea, C. P.
name: Kuraszkiewicz, J.
name: Tremblay, G. R.
name: Maselli, A.
name: Capetti, A.
name: Sani, E.
name: Balmaverde, B.
name: Harris, D. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the analysis of multi-wavelength observations of seven extragalactic radio sources, listed as unidentified in the Third Cambridge Revised Catalog (3CR). X-ray observations, performed during Chandra Cycle 21, were compared to VLA, WISE and Pan-STARRS observations in the radio, infrared and optical bands, respectively. All sources in this sample lack a clear optical counterpart, and are thus missing their redshift and optical classification. In order to confirm the X-ray and infrared radio counterparts of core and extended components, here we present for the first time radio maps obtained manually reducing VLA archival data. As in previous papers on the Chandra X-ray snapshot campaign, we report X-ray detections of radio cores and two sources, out of the seven presented here, are found to be members of galaxy clusters. For these two cluster sources (namely, 3CR 409 and 3CR 454.2), we derived surface brightness profiles in four directions. For all seven sources, we measured X-ray intensities of the radio sources and we also performed standard X-ray spectral analysis for the four sources (namely, 3CR 91, 3CR 390, 3CR 409 and 3CR 428) with the brightest nuclei (more than 400 photons in the 2'' nuclear region). We also detected extended X-ray emission around 3CR 390 and extended X-ray emission associated with the northern jet of 3CR 158. This paper represents the first attempt to give a multi-wavelength view of the unidentified radio sources listed in the 3CR catalog.
description: 18 pages, 19 figures, 5 tables, accepted for publication on ApJS
Firefly: a browser-based interactive 3D data visualization tool for millions of data points
Creators: name: Gurvich, Alexander B.
name: Geller, Aaron M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Firefly, a new browser-based interactive tool for visualizing 3D particle data sets. On a typical personal computer, Firefly can simultaneously render and enable real-time interactions with > ~10 million particles, and can interactively explore datasets with billions of particles using the included custom-built octree render engine. Once created, viewing a Firefly visualization requires no installation and is immediately usable in most modern internet browsers simply by visiting a URL. As a result, a Firefly visualization works out-of-the-box on most devices including smartphones and tablets. Firefly is primarily developed for researchers to explore their own data, but can also be useful to communicate results to researchers/collaborators and as an effective public outreach tool. Every element of the user interface can be customized and disabled, enabling easy adaptation of the same visualization for different audiences with little additional effort. Creating a new Firefly visualization is simple with the provided Python data pre-processor (PDPP) that translates input data to a Firefly-compatible format and provides helpful methods for hosting instances of Firefly both locally and on the internet. In addition to visualizing the positions of particles, users can visualize vector fields (e.g., velocities) and also filter and color points by scalar fields. We share three examples of Firefly applied to astronomical datasets: 1) the FIRE cosmological zoom-in simulations, 2) the SDSS galaxy catalog, and 3) Gaia DR3. A gallery of additional interactive demos is available at https://alexbgurvi.ch/Firefly.
description: 26 pages, 9 figures
New quiver-like varieties and Lie superalgebras
Creators: name: Rimanyi, Richard
name: Rozansky, Lev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14C17, 16G20, 17B10, 81T30

description: In order to extend the geometrization of Yangian $R$-matrices from Lie algebras $gl(n)$ to superalgebras $gl(M|N)$, we introduce new quiver-related varieties which are associated with representations of $gl(M|N)$. In order to define them similarly to the Nakajima-Cherkis varieties, we reformulate the construction of the latter by replacing the Hamiltonian reduction with the intersection of generalized Lagrangian subvarieties in the cotangent bundles of Lie algebras sitting at the vertices of the quiver. The new varieties come from replacing some Lagrangian subvarieties with their Legendre transforms. We present superalgerba versions of stable envelopes for the new quiver-like varieties that generalize the cotangent bundle of a Grassmannian. We define superalgebra generalizations of the Tarasov-Varchenko weight functions, and show that they represent the super stable envelopes. Both super stable envelopes and super weight functions transform according to Yangian $\check{R}$-matrices of $gl(M|N)$ with $M+N=2$.
Comparative Evaluation of Action Recognition Methods via Riemannian Manifolds, Fisher Vectors and GMMs: Ideal and Challenging Conditions
Creators: name: Carvajal, Johanna
name: Wiliem, Arnold
name: McCool, Chris
name: Lovell, Brian
name: Sanderson, Conrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4; I.5; I.5.4

description: We present a comparative evaluation of various techniques for action recognition while keeping as many variables as possible controlled. We employ two categories of Riemannian manifolds: symmetric positive definite matrices and linear subspaces. For both categories we use their corresponding nearest neighbour classifiers, kernels, and recent kernelised sparse representations. We compare against traditional action recognition techniques based on Gaussian mixture models and Fisher vectors (FVs). We evaluate these action recognition techniques under ideal conditions, as well as their sensitivity in more challenging conditions (variations in scale and translation). Despite recent advancements for handling manifolds, manifold based techniques obtain the lowest performance and their kernel representations are more unstable in the presence of challenging conditions. The FV approach obtains the highest accuracy under ideal conditions. Moreover, FV best deals with moderate scale and translation changes.
The relative role of parents and peers in the psychosocial adjustment of low-income, African American youth
Creators: name: Chester, Charlene
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: A growing body of empirical evidence suggests that both parents and peers have unique and interactive effects on youth psychosocial adjustment; however, the generalizability of these findings to low-income, African American youth is questionable. This study aimed to replicate and extend this research by examining the relative contribution of parents and peers to internalizing and externalizing problems among 277 low-income, African American youth (7 - 15 years). Results demonstrated that both parenting and peer relations contributed to youth psychosocial adjustment, although the specific nature of the findings depended on the assessment and outcome examined. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Primary Non-QE Graphs on Six Vertices
Creators: name: Obata, Nobuaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C50 05C12 05C76

description: A connected graph is called of non-QE class if it does not admit a quadratic embedding in a Euclidean space. A non-QE graph is called primary if it does not contain a non-QE graph as an isometrically embedded proper subgraph. The graphs on six vertices are completely classified into the classes of QE graphs, of non-QE graphs, and of primary non-QE graphs.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2206.05848
Suppression of phonon-mediated hot carrier relaxation in type-II InAs/AlAs$_{x}$Sb$_{1-x}$ quantum wells: a practical route to hot carrier solar cells
Creators: name: Esmaielpour, H.
name: Whiteside, V. R.
name: Tang, J.
name: Vijeyaragunathan, S.
name: Mishima, T. D.
name: Cairns, S.
name: Santos, M. B.
name: Wang, B.
name: Sellers, I. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: InAs/AlAs$_{x}$Sb$_{1-x}$ quantum wells are investigated for their potential as hot carrier solar cells. Continuous wave power and temperature dependent photoluminescence indicate a transition in the dominant hot carrier relaxation process from conventional phonon-mediated carrier relaxation below 90 K to a regime where inhibited radiative recombination dominates the hot carrier relaxation at elevated temperatures. At temperatures below 90 K photoluminescence measurements are consistent with type-I quantum wells that exhibit hole localization associated with alloy/interface fluctuations. At elevated temperatures hole delocalization reveals the true type-II band alignment; where it is observed that inhibited radiative recombination due to the spatial separation of the charge carriers dominates hot carrier relaxation. This decoupling of phonon-mediated relaxation results in robust hot carriers at higher temperatures even at lower excitation powers. These results indicate type-II quantum wells offer potential as practical hot carrier systems.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures, submitted to "Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications"
SiamixFormer: a fully-transformer Siamese network with temporal Fusion for accurate building detection and change detection in bi-temporal remote sensing images
Creators: name: Mohammadian, Amir
name: Ghaderi, Foad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Building detection and change detection using remote sensing images can help urban and rescue planning. Moreover, they can be used for building damage assessment after natural disasters. Currently, most of the existing models for building detection use only one image (pre-disaster image) to detect buildings. This is based on the idea that post-disaster images reduce the model's performance because of presence of destroyed buildings. In this paper, we propose a siamese model, called SiamixFormer, which uses pre- and post-disaster images as input. Our model has two encoders and has a hierarchical transformer architecture. The output of each stage in both encoders is given to a temporal transformer for feature fusion in a way that query is generated from pre-disaster images and (key, value) is generated from post-disaster images. To this end, temporal features are also considered in feature fusion. Another advantage of using temporal transformers in feature fusion is that they can better maintain large receptive fields generated by transformer encoders compared with CNNs. Finally, the output of the temporal transformer is given to a simple MLP decoder at each stage. The SiamixFormer model is evaluated on xBD, and WHU datasets, for building detection and on LEVIR-CD and CDD datasets for change detection and could outperform the state-of-the-art.
Overlapped grouping measurement: A unified framework for measuring quantum states
Creators: name: Wu, Bujiao
name: Sun, Jinzhao
name: Huang, Qi
name: Yuan, Xiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum algorithms designed for realistic quantum many-body systems, such as chemistry and materials, usually require a large number of measurements of the Hamiltonian. Exploiting different ideas, such as {importance sampling,} observable compatibility, or classical shadows of quantum states, different advanced measurement schemes have been proposed to greatly reduce the large measurement cost. Yet, the underline cost reduction mechanisms seem distinct from each other, and how to systematically find the optimal scheme remains a critical challenge. Here, we address this challenge by proposing a unified framework of quantum measurements, incorporating advanced measurement methods as special cases. Our framework allows us to introduce a general scheme~ -- ~overlapped grouping measurement, which simultaneously exploits the advantages of most existing methods. An intuitive understanding of the scheme is to partition the measurements into overlapped groups with each one consisting of compatible measurements. We provide explicit grouping strategies and numerically verify its performance for different molecular Hamiltonians with up to 16 qubits. Our numerical result shows significant improvements over existing schemes. Our work paves the way for efficient quantum measurement and fast quantum processing with current and near-term quantum devices.
description: 6 figures, 5 tables
Single-Beam Optical Conveyor Belt for Chiral Particles
Creators: name: Fernandes, David E.
name: Silveirinha, Mário G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A different paradigm is proposed to selectively manipulate and transport small engineered chiral particles and discriminate different enantiomers using unstructured chiral light. It is theoretically shown that the response of a chiral metamaterial particle may be tailored to enable an optical conveyor belt operation with no optical traps, such that for a fixed incident light helicity the nanoparticle is either steadily pushed towards the direction of the photon flow or steadily pulled against the photon flow, independent of its position. Our findings create distinct opportunities for unconventional optical manipulations of tailored nanoparticles and may have applications in sorting racemic mixtures of artificial chiral molecules and in particle delivery.
description: 23 pages, 7 figures, preprint
Holographic time-dependent entanglement entropy in $p$-brane gas geometries
Creators: name: Park, Chanyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time evolution of entanglement entropy in expanding universes with various matters. To describe expanding universes holographically, we take into account a braneworld moving in an asymptotic AdS space involving a uniform $p$-brane gas. In the braneworld model, an observer living in the braneworld detects the bulk motion of the braneworld as an expanding universe. We show that the entanglement entropy of expanding universes increases by the volume law in the early time and by the area law in the late time. We further consider the cosmological horizon, which is the border of the visible and invisible universe, and then investigate the time-dependent quantum entanglement between them across the cosmological horizon.
description: 17 pages, no figures
Interaction of dietary fat types and gut microbiome on modulation of whole body energy balance
Creators: name: You, Xiaomeng
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Year: 2014

description: Dietary fats and gut microbes are regarded as environmental factors for the onset of obesity. However, whether there is a direct association between dietary fat type and gut microbiome that promotes obesity remains unclear. In this study, we tested the effect of modulation of the gut microbiome by antibiotics on energy balance in Sprague Dawley rats fed a 45% high fat diet containing primarily saturated fatty acids (SFA) vs. polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Antibiotic treatment successfully decreased the gut microbiome as evidenced by decreased microbiome α-diversity and β-diversity. We found that food intake was decreased by antibiotic treatment irrespective diet. PUFA-fed rats gained less weight and consumed less food than those fed SFA independent of microbiome composition. No differences were seen in energy expenditure among the 4 groups. Gut hormone and adipokine gene and protein expression was measured in ileum, colon, white adipose tissue (WAT) and blood serum. Compared with SFA, PUFA fed rats had less ileum peptide YY , colon glucagon-like peptide-1, WAT sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 and more ileum β-defensins, WAT adiponectin gene expression. However, no differences were seen in serum protein expression among the 4 groups. In conclusion, SFA are more obesogenic and promote food intake as compared to PUFA and this positive energy balance is independent of the gut microbiome. The mechanisms by which SFA modulate body weight and food intake warrant further investigation.
On Bergman kernel functions and weak Morse inequalities
Creators: name: Li, Xiaoshan
name: Shao, Guokuan
name: Wang, Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 32A25, 53C55, 32W05, 32L10

description: We give simple and unified proofs of weak holomorhpic Morse inequalities on complete manifolds, $q$-convex manifolds, pseudoconvex domains, weakly $1$-complete manifolds and covering manifolds. This paper is essentially based on the asymptotic Bergman kernel functions and the Bochner-Kodaira-Nakano formulas.
Joint Recognition and Segmentation of Actions via Probabilistic Integration of Spatio-Temporal Fisher Vectors
Creators: name: Carvajal, Johanna
name: McCool, Chris
name: Lovell, Brian
name: Sanderson, Conrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.10; I.4; I.5; I.5.4

description: We propose a hierarchical approach to multi-action recognition that performs joint classification and segmentation. A given video (containing several consecutive actions) is processed via a sequence of overlapping temporal windows. Each frame in a temporal window is represented through selective low-level spatio-temporal features which efficiently capture relevant local dynamics. Features from each window are represented as a Fisher vector, which captures first and second order statistics. Instead of directly classifying each Fisher vector, it is converted into a vector of class probabilities. The final classification decision for each frame is then obtained by integrating the class probabilities at the frame level, which exploits the overlapping of the temporal windows. Experiments were performed on two datasets: s-KTH (a stitched version of the KTH dataset to simulate multi-actions), and the challenging CMU-MMAC dataset. On s-KTH, the proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 85.0%, significantly outperforming two recent approaches based on GMMs and HMMs which obtained 78.3% and 71.2%, respectively. On CMU-MMAC, the proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 40.9%, outperforming the GMM and HMM approaches which obtained 33.7% and 38.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed system is on average 40 times faster than the GMM based approach.
Coping with ADHD: Experiences of Pregnant Women
Creators: name: Sparrow, Jessica
Publisher: name: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Graduate School
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: First-line treatment in the management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is stimulant medication; however, there is insufficient data regarding the safe use of stimulants during pregnancy. Women with ADHD who become pregnant and were managed pre-pregnancy with stimulants are generally advised to discontinue this medication. There is limited description in the literature of how ADHD manifests during pregnancy, resulting in limited guidance to providers for symptom management and best practices in their care of pregnant women with ADHD. The aim of this project is to identify influences on the process of coping and health-care decision making for women with ADHD during their pregnancy. A mixed-methods approach is used, providing qualitative data from two extensive interviews and qualitative data from 33 respondents to a Qualtrics™ online survey. The findings were analyzed separately and then compared for contrasts and similarities. Quantitative and qualitative sources support the importance of multi-contextual factors as facilitators for or barriers to health-care decision-making and the coping process. Both interviewees and survey respondents identified challenges they experienced while coping with ADHD symptoms during pregnancy. Interestingly, the way in which women assessed their ability to cope was not through their strengths, but in what they identified as a weakness. A major factor in the emotional and cognitive processes necessary for health-care decision-making is the woman's knowledge of health-care choices. The experiences reported by these women indicate the importance the health-care provider as the central access point for information about management and care of ADHD during pregnancy. This data suggests there are additional areas in which provider knowledge can be helpful in primary support systems and recognition of the influence of contextual factors on the process of coping. Both quantitative and qualitative data acknowledge immediate family members and significant others or spouses as key individuals on whom the pregnant women rely for support. The information gained from this study may be used in the development of a group-therapy curriculum focused on the themes identified in the data and in the evidenced-based literature.
An open source MATLAB package to perform basic and advanced statistical analysis of turbulence data and other complex systems
Creators: name: Fuchs, André
name: Kharche, Swapnil
name: Wächter, Matthias
name: Peinke, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a user-friendly open-source MATLAB\textsuperscript{\textregistered} package developed by the research group Turbulence, Wind energy and Stochastics (TWiSt) at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg. Firstly, this package helps the user to perform a very basic statistical analysis of a given turbulent data set which we believe to be useful to the entire turbulence community. It can be used to estimate the statistical quantities of turbulence such as the spectrum density, turbulent intensity, integral length scale, Taylor microscale, Kolmogorov scale and dissipation rate. Different well-known methods available in the literature were selected so that they can be compared. Secondly, this package also performs an advanced analysis which includes the scale-dependent statistical description of turbulent cascade using the Fokker-Planck equation which consequently leads to the assessment of integral fluctuation theorem. This is utilized to estimate velocity increments, structure functions and their scaling exponents, drift and diffusion coefficients of the Fokker-Planck equation and consequently the total entropy production of the turbulent cascade. As a precondition for the stochastic process approach, Markovian properties of the turbulent cascade in scale are tested. The knowledge of a Fokker-Planck equation allows to determine for each independent cascade trajectories a total entropy production. The estimation of total entropy production allows to verify a rigorous law of non-equilibrium stochastic thermodynamics, namely the integral fluctuation theorem, which must be valid if Markov properties hold and the Fokker-Planck equation is correct. This approach to the turbulent cascade process has the potential for a new way to link the statistical description of turbulence, non-equilibrium stochastic thermodynamics and local turbulent flow structures.
description: This open source MATLAB package can be downloaded with all the supplementary material (data, source code and standalone applications (64-bit) for Windows, macOS and Linux) to replicate all the results presented in this paper from the repository on GitHub https://github.com/andre-fuchs-uni-oldenburg/OPEN_FPE_IFT
How to determine limiting velocities of dislocations in anisotropic crystals
Creators: name: Blaschke, Daniel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the continuum limit, the theory of dislocations in crystals predicts a divergence in the elastic energy of the host material at a crystal geometry dependent limiting (or critical) velocity $v_c$. Explicit expressions for $v_c$ are scattered throughout the literature and are available in analytic form only for special cases with a high degree of symmetry. The fact that in some cases (like pure edge dislocations in fcc) $v_c$ happens to coincide with the lowest shear wave speed of a sound wave traveling parallel to the dislocation's gliding direction has led to further confusion in the more recent literature. The aim of this short review therefore is to provide a concise overview of the limiting velocities for dislocations of arbitrary character in general anisotropic crystals, and how to efficiently compute them, either analytically or numerically.
description: 11 pages, minor revision (typos and clarifications)
Charmed meson production based on dipole transverse momentum representation in high energy hadron-hadron collisions available at the LHC
Creators: name: Santos, G. Sampaio dos
name: da Silveira, G. Gil
name: Machado, M. V. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of $D$-mesons in high-energy $pp$ collisions at the LHC kinematic regime is analyzed with the dipole approach in the momentum representation. We present predictions for the $D$-meson differential cross section in terms of the transverse momentum and rapidity distributions taking into account the nonlinear behavior of the QCD dynamics. Comparison between our results and the corresponding experimental measurements reported by the ALICE and LHCb Collaborations in different rapidity bins is performed. We show that the $D$-meson production in the high energy limit can be properly addressed by using the QCD dipole transverse momentum distributions.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
A user's guide to the topological Tverberg conjecture
Creators: name: Skopenkov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 52A35, 01-02, 05B99, 55S15, 55S35, 57Q35

description: The topological Tverberg conjecture was considered a central unsolved problem of topological combinatorics. The conjecture asserts that for any integers $r,d>1$ and any continuous map $f:Δ\to\mathbb R^d$ of the $(d+1)(r-1)$-dimensional simplex there are pairwise disjoint faces $σ_1,\ldots,σ_r\subsetΔ$ such that $f(σ_1)\cap \ldots \cap f(σ_r)\ne\emptyset$. The conjecture was proved for a prime power $r$. Recently counterexamples for other $r$ were found. Analogously, the $r$-fold van Kampen-Flores conjecture holds for a prime power $r$ but does not hold for other $r$. The arguments form a beautiful and fruitful interplay between combinatorics, algebra and topology. We present a simplified exposition accessible to non-specialists in the area. We also mention some recent developments and open problems.
description: 42 pages, 7 figures, exposition significantly improved and updated
Polish to English Statistical Machine Translation
Creators: name: Wołk, Krzysztof
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This research explores the effects of various training settings on a Polish to English Statistical Machine Translation system for spoken language. Various elements of the TED, Europarl, and OPUS parallel text corpora were used as the basis for training of language models, for development, tuning and testing of the translation system. The BLEU, NIST, METEOR and TER metrics were used to evaluate the effects of the data preparations on the translation results.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1509.09097, arXiv:1509.08909, arXiv:1509.08874
Long-term post-treatment stability of the Herbst appliance
Creators: name: Kaley, Mark H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: The Herbst appliance is an adjunctive treatment for the correction of Class II malocclusions. Previous studies have indicated that the correction following the end of treatment frequently relapses. The purpose of this study was to assess the cephalometric changes during and following a treatment protocol of 12 months of Herbst appliance treatment followed by fixed appliance treatment, and 12 months of retention. The changes from the end of treatment to the retention recall were, on average, very small. The only statistically significant changes (Mixed linear model; P<0.05) observed were relapse in the ANB angle (-0.31 degrees;sd=0.88 ), overjet (0.49mm;sd=0.94) and overbite (0.55mm;sd=0.98). These changes were considered not clinically significant. The Class II correction effected by this treatment protocol appears stable one year out of treatment.
The Mexican American Eldest Daughter Experience (MAEDE)
Creators: name: Chelsea Zenteno
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: eldest daughter
photovoice
parentification
Mexican American

description: In a Latinx traditional household, the prevalence of larger families often results in a higher likelihood of children assuming parentified roles, with the eldest daughter bearing the role. With previous research, it will be discussed what parentification is, which is when a child takes on the parenting role over their parent(s) and/or siblings, how it affects the child, and what the eldest daughters are saying on Tiktok. The Mexican American Eldest Daughter Experience (MAEDE) adds knowledge to the lack of academic research for these daughters but do note that eldest daughters are being vocal about their experiences on social media. The MAEDE’s method is photovoice, in which the participants, who study at Cal State Fullerton, take five photographs of their day-to-day experiences as their role, and write a narrative paragraph about what they have captured. They will present the photovoice to the investigator so that their experience will be historized on YouTube. When analyzing, the themes that were found were parentified roles for both parents and siblings, responsibilities, familial pressure, and a tendency toward self-silencing. The themes indicate that the eldest daughter’s role is integral to the family, reveal their challenges, and express the effects of being parentified.
A Regularized Boundary Element Formulation for Contactless SAR Evaluations within Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Head Phantoms
Creators: name: Mitharwal, Rajendra
name: Andriulli, Francesco P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work presents a Boundary Element Method (BEM) formulation for contactless electromagnetic field assessments. The new scheme is based on a regularized BEM approach that requires the use of electric measurements only. The regularization is obtained by leveraging on an extension of Calderon techniques to rectangular systems leading to well-conditioned problems independent of the discretization density. This enables the use of highly discretized Huygens surfaces that can be consequently placed very near to the radiating source. In addition, the new regularized scheme is hybridized with both surfacic homogeneous and volumetric inhomogeneous forward BEM solvers accelerated with fast matrix-vector multiplication schemes. This allows for rapid and effective dosimetric assessments and permits the use of inhomogeneous and realistic head phantoms. Numerical results corroborate the theory and confirms the practical effectiveness of all newly proposed formulations.
Polariton-drag enabled quantum geometric photocurrents in high symmetry materials
Creators: name: Xiong, Ying
name: Shi, Li-kun
name: Song, Justin C. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lowered symmetry enables access to a wide set of responses not typically accessible in high symmetry materials. Prime examples are time-reversal forbidden quantum geometric photocurrent responses (e.g., linear injection and circular shift photocurrents) that are thought to vanish in non-magnetic materials. Here we argue that polariton-drag processes enable to unblock such quantum geometric photocurrents even in non-magnetic and centrosymmetric materials. Strikingly, we uncover how a cooperative effect between finite q irradiation and the Fermi surface position leads to a polariton selective photoexcitation (PSP). PSP enables to directly address carriers within tight momentum resolved windows of the Fermi surface to yield giant enhancements of quantum geometric photocurrents. This selectivity enables to directly track momentum resolved quantum geometric quantities along the Fermi surface providing a new tool to interrogate the quantum geometry of high symmetry materials.
The Fermionic influence superoperator: a canonical derivation for the development of methods to simulate the influence of a Fermionic environment on a quantum system with arbitrary parity symmetry
Creators: name: Cirio, Mauro
name: Kuo, Po-Chen
name: Chen, Yueh-Nan
name: Nori, Franco
name: Lambert, Neill
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a canonical derivation of an influence superoperator which generates the reduced dynamics of a Fermionic quantum system linearly coupled to a Fermionic environment initially at thermal equilibrium. We use this formalism to derive a generalized-Lindblad master equation (in the Markovian limit) and a generalized version of the hierarchical equations of motion valid in arbitrary parity-symmetry conditions, important for the correct evaluation of system correlation functions and spectra.
description: 33 pages, 2 figures
First Principle Study of Gravitational Pressure and Thermodynamics of FRW Universe
Creators: name: Abdusattar, Haximjan
name: Kong, Shi-Bei
name: You, Wen-Long
name: Zhang, Hongsheng
name: Hu, Ya-Peng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make a first principle study of gravitational pressure in cosmic thermodynamics. The pressure is directly derived from the unified first law, in fact the Einstein field equation in spherically symmetric spacetime. By using this pressure, we obtain the thermodynamics for the FRW universe, especially presenting the gravitational equation of state for the FRW spacetime itself, i.e. $P=P(R_A, T)$ for the first time. Furthermore, we study the Joule-Thomson expansion as an application of the thermodynamic equation of state to find the cooling-heating property of the FRW universe. We demonstrate that there is an inversion temperature for a FRW universe if its enthalpy ${\cal H}$ is negative. These investigations shed insights on the evolution of our universe in view of thermodynamics.
description: Some new footnotes added, and version published in JHEP
Toric and non-toric Bayesian networks
Creators: name: Nicklasson, Lisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62R01, 62A09, 13F65, 13C70

description: In this paper we study Bayesian networks from a commutative algebra perspective. We characterize a class of toric Bayesian nets, and provide the first example of a Bayesian net which is proved non-toric under any linear change of variables. Concerning the class of toric Bayesian nets, we study their quadratic relations and prove a conjecture by Garcia, Stillman, and Sturmfels for this class. In addition, we give a necessary condition on the underlying directed acyclic graph for when all relations are quadratic.
Supervising the Decoder of Variational Autoencoders to Improve Scientific Utility
Creators: name: Tu, Liyun
name: Talbot, Austin
name: Gallagher, Neil
name: Carlson, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Probabilistic generative models are attractive for scientific modeling because their inferred parameters can be used to generate hypotheses and design experiments. This requires that the learned model provide an accurate representation of the input data and yield a latent space that effectively predicts outcomes relevant to the scientific question. Supervised Variational Autoencoders (SVAEs) have previously been used for this purpose, where a carefully designed decoder can be used as an interpretable generative model while the supervised objective ensures a predictive latent representation. Unfortunately, the supervised objective forces the encoder to learn a biased approximation to the generative posterior distribution, which renders the generative parameters unreliable when used in scientific models. This issue has remained undetected as reconstruction losses commonly used to evaluate model performance do not detect bias in the encoder. We address this previously-unreported issue by developing a second order supervision framework (SOS-VAE) that influences the decoder to induce a predictive latent representation. This ensures that the associated encoder maintains a reliable generative interpretation. We extend this technique to allow the user to trade-off some bias in the generative parameters for improved predictive performance, acting as an intermediate option between SVAEs and our new SOS-VAE. We also use this methodology to address missing data issues that often arise when combining recordings from multiple scientific experiments. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these developments using synthetic data and electrophysiological recordings with an emphasis on how our learned representations can be used to design scientific experiments.
QKD parameter estimation by two-universal hashing
Creators: name: Ostrev, Dimiter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes and proves security of a QKD protocol which uses two-universal hashing instead of random sampling to estimate the number of bit flip and phase flip errors. This protocol dramatically outperforms previous QKD protocols for small block sizes. More generally, for the two-universal hashing QKD protocol, the difference between asymptotic and finite key rate decreases with the number $n$ of qubits as $cn^{-1}$, where $c$ depends on the security parameter. For comparison, the same difference decreases no faster than $c'n^{-1/3}$ for an optimized protocol that uses random sampling and has the same asymptotic rate, where $c'$ depends on the security parameter and the error rate.