Paraclius amphiatheratus Capellari & Amorim, 2009, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Capellari, Renato Soares
name: Amorim, Dalton De Souza
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Dolichopodidae
Paraclius
Paraclius amphiatheratus

description: Paraclius amphiatheratus, sp. nov.
(Figs. 1–2)
Diagnosis. First flagellomere pointed at apex; stylus articles about of equal length. One short black seta dorsally on proepisternum and scarce scattered white setulae. Apex of phallus with two lateral projections, hypandrium with one punctuation laterally on each side, asymmetrical.
Material examined. Holotype 3, BRAZIL, Pernambuco, Recife, Parque dos Dois Irmãos, track 1, Malaise trap, 17–20.vii.2002, S. T. P. Amarante e eq. cols. Paratypes: 1 3, same data as holotype; 1 3, same, but track 5.
Description. Male. Body length, 3.2–3.4 mm. Wing, 2.6–2.8 mm long, 0.9–1.0 mm wide. Head. Slightly broader than high, postcranium slightly convex around the cervix and close to the eye margin, and slightly concave between these convex areas; face distinctly separating eyes; frons brown, opaque, with some violet shine above the antennae; face grey, covered by silvery pruinosity, with a middle furrow; oc and vt black, oc very strong; pvt present; a complete row of strong poc, all whitish except the dorsal 4–7. Frons parallel, slightly converging anteriorly, 2–3 times longer than wide; face narrow, slightly converging at middle, clypeus ending at the same level as eye margin. Palpus small, yellowish, with many black setulae and one little black seta; proboscis dark yellow. Scape short, subconical, yellow-brown; pedicel cylindrical, short, row of setae at apex; first flagellomere pointed at apex, dark yellow in basal third and brownish in apical two-thirds, somewhat pubescent at apex; stylus 2-articled (articles subequal in length), slightly shorter than head height, clearly pubescent. Thorax. Mostly brown, with some light green and bluish reflections; posterior sclerites with brownish shades. Setae black; numerous small setae scattered on anterior end of mesonotum; ac biseriate; each side of mesonotum with 5 large dc; 1 small presutural, 1 sutural intra-alar; 1 presutural, 2 postsutural supra-alars; 1 strong post-alar; 2 notopleurals; 1 strong and 2 tiny postpronotals; 1 strong basal proepisternal seta directed ventrally and some short black apical setae; 1 short black seta dorsally on proepisternum and scarce scattered white setulae; scutellum with 1 strong medial and 1 weaker scutellar, on each side. Wing. (c.f. Fig. 16) Membrane slightly smoky, almost hyaline, oblong-elliptical; R2+3 and R4+5 straight towards margin, R4+5 reaching margin close to wing apex. M with accentuated bend on distal half, reaching C before wing apex. Squama with row of black setae. Halter yellow. Legs. I: 1.0, 0.8, 0.5, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1. II: 1.3, 1.3, 0.6, 0.4, 0.3, 0.2, 0.1. III: 1.4, 1.5, 0.4, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1. Cx I, femora, tibiae and tarsi light yellow; Cx II brown with some dark yellow markings, Cx III dark yellow; vestiture black; Cx I with fringe of stronger apical setae, Cx II with anterolateral dark brown band and posterolateral black spot, with a stronger black seta at its apex; Cx III with 2 setae, basal one larger than apical; femora II and III each with strong anterior preapical bristle; tibia I with row of stout ad and 2 pd; tibia II: 4 ad, 4 d, 2 medial v; tibia III: 4 ad and 5 pd, row of tiny v and 1 v apical. Spurs: 2, 4, 2. Pulvilli small. Abdomen. T1–5 brown, with light metallic green, covered by scattered black vestiture, row of stronger setae along distal margin; T6 entirely brown, bare; T7 smaller, exposed, brown, bare; S8 rounded, brown, with two longitudinal, parallel rows of black setae. Hypopygium. (Figs. 1–2) Epandrium elongate, subrectangular, about three times longer than high; apv lobe of epandrium small, with 3 long setae; surstylus only slight projected, reaching the first third of cercus length, dsur C-shaped at apex, vsur entire. Apex of phallus with two short lateral projections, no other conspicuous change in shape; sperm pump greatly enlarged, with spherical shape, and strongly folded back over itself; hypandrium with pair of short lateral projections, at left side more to base; cercus whitish, more or less rounded distally, some whitish setulae ventrally, longer setae along distal margin.
Etymology. From the Greek, “amphi” (two) and “ather” (a small beak), referring to the pair of projections of the hypandrium.
Comments. This species resembles P. sagittatus, sp. nov. in the pointed male first flagellomere, but these species can be easily discerned from each other by the shape of phallus (with no distinct ornamentation in P. sagittatus, sp. nov., Figs. 5–6, and with two distal projections in P. amphiatheratus, sp. nov., Fig. 2) and in the shape of the hypandrium (with two asymmetrical, lateral punctuations in P. amphiatheratus, sp. nov., Figs. 1– 2, and with two larger lateral projections at apex, symmetrical, arrow-shaped in P. sagittatus, sp. nov., Fig. 6).
description: Published as part of Capellari, Renato Soares & Amorim, Dalton De Souza, 2009, Four new species of Paraclius Loew (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, and notes on the systematic position of Cheiromyia Dyte, pp. 51-61 in Zootaxa 2274 on pages 52-54, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.191040