cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FLRW metric $f(R)$ cosmology with a perfect fluid by generating integrals of motion
Creators: name: Dimakis, N.
name: Christodoulakis, T.
name: Terzis, Petros A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the context of metric f(R) gravity, we consider a FLRW space-time, filled with a perfect fluid described by a barotropic equation of state (p = γρ). We give the equivalent mini-superspace description and use the reparametrization invariance of the resulting Lagrangian to work in the equivalent constant potential description. At that point, we restrict our analysis to those models for which the ensuing scaled mini-superspace is maximally symmetric. Those models exhibit the maximum number of autonomous integrals of motion linear in the momenta, which are constructed by the Killing vectors of the respective mini-supermetric. The integrals of motion are used to analytically solve the equations of the corresponding models. Finally, a brief description of the properties of the resulting Hubble parameters is given.
description: LaTex2e source file, 24 pages, no figures
Single photons in an imperfect array of beam-splitters: Interplay between percolation, backscattering and transient localization
Creators: name: Chandrashekar, C. M.
name: Melville, S.
name: Busch, Th.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photons in optical networks can be used in multi-path interferometry and various quantum information processing and communication protocols. Large networks, however, are often not free from defects, which can appear randomly between the lattice sites and are caused either by production faults or deliberate introduction. In this work we present numerical simulations of the behaviour of a single photon injected into a regular lattice of beam-splitting components in the presence of defects that cause perfect backward reflections. We find that the photon dynamics is quickly dominated by the backscattering processes, and a small fraction of reflectors in the paths of the beam-splitting array strongly affects the percolation probability of the photon. We carefully examine such systems and show an interesting interplay between the probabilities of percolation, backscattering and temporary localization. We also discuss the sensitivity of these probabilities to lattice size, timescale, injection point, fraction of reflectors and boundary conditions.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures. Published version
Critical phenomena and noise-induced phase transitions in neuronal networks
Creators: name: Lee, K. -E.
name: Lopes, M. A.
name: Mendes, J. F. F.
name: Goltsev, A. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically and analytically first- and second-order phase transitions in neuronal networks stimulated by shot noise (a flow of random spikes bombarding neurons). Using an exactly solvable cortical model of neuronal networks on classical random networks, we find critical phenomena accompanying the transitions and their dependence on the shot noise intensity. We show that a pattern of spontaneous neuronal activity near a critical point of a phase transition is a characteristic property that can be used to identify the bifurcation mechanism of the transition. We demonstrate that bursts and avalanches are precursors of a first-order phase transition, paroxysmal-like spikes of activity precede a second-order phase transition caused by a saddle-node bifurcation, while irregular spindle oscillations represent spontaneous activity near a second-order phase transition caused by a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. Our most interesting result is the observation of the paroxysmal-like spikes. We show that a paroxysmal-like spike is a single nonlinear event that appears instantly from a low background activity with a rapid onset, reaches a large amplitude, and ends up with an abrupt return to lower activity. These spikes are similar to single paroxysmal spikes and sharp waves observed in EEG measurements. Our analysis shows that above the saddle-node bifurcation, sustained network oscillations appear with a large amplitude but a small frequency in contrast to network oscillations near the Hopf bifurcation that have a small amplitude but a large frequency. We discuss an amazing similarity between excitability of the cortical model stimulated by shot noise and excitability of the Morris-Lecar neuron stimulated by an applied current.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1304.3237
Supporting information from Disease control across urban–rural gradients
Creators: name: Wells, Konstans
name: Lurgi, Miguel
name: Collins, Brendan
name: Lucini, Biagio
name: Kao, Rowland R.
name: Lloyd, Alun L.
name: Frost, Simon D. W.
name: Gravenor, Mike B.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Description of model framework, Figure S1 (Maps showing the study area) ,and Table S1(Parameter definitions and their values/ sampled ranges for the individual-based model).
Challenges in interpretability of additive models
Creators: name: Zhang, Xinyu
name: Martinelli, Julien
name: John, ST
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We review generalized additive models as a type of ``transparent'' model that has recently seen renewed interest in the deep learning community as neural additive models. We highlight multiple types of nonidentifiability in this model class and discuss challenges in interpretability, arguing for restraint when claiming ``interpretability'' or ``suitability for safety-critical applications'' of such models.
Rare variants in the ATM gene and risk of breast cancer
Creators: name: Chenevix-Trench, Georgia
name: Spurdle, Amanda
name: Terry, Mary Beth
name: Daly, Mary
name: Buys, Saundra
name: Southey, Melissa
name: Andrulis, Irene
name: John, Esther
name: Khanna, Kum Kum
name: Hopper, John
name: Oefner, Peter
name: Lakhani, Sunil
name: Goldgar, David
name: Healey, Sue
name: Dowty, James
name: Da Silva, Leonard
name: Chen, Xiaoqing
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Oncology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Breast--Cancer--Risk factors

description: The ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene (MIM ID 208900) encodes a protein kinase that plays a significant role in the activation of cellular responses to DNA double-strand breaks through subsequent phosphorylation of central players in the DNA damage-response pathway. Recent studies have confirmed that some specific variants in the ATM gene are associated with increased breast cancer (BC) risk. However, the magnitude of risk and the subset of variants that are pathogenic for breast cancer remain unresolved. To investigate the role of ATM in BC susceptibility, we studied 76 rare sequence variants in the ATM gene in a case-control family study of 2,570 cases of breast cancer and 1,448 controls. The variants were grouped into three categories based on their likely pathogenicity, as determined by in silico analysis and analyzed by conditional logistic regression. Likely pathogenic sequence variants were genotyped in 129 family members of 27 carrier probands (15 of which carried c.7271T > G), and modified segregation analysis was used to estimate the BC penetrance associated with these rare ATM variants. In the case-control analysis, we observed an odds ratio of 2.55 and 95% confidence interval (CI, 0.54 to 12.0) for the most likely deleterious variants. In the family-based analyses, the maximum-likelihood estimate of the increased risk associated with these variants was hazard ratio (HR) = 6.88 (95% CI, 2.33 to 20.3; P = 0.00008), corresponding to a 60% cumulative risk of BC by age 80 years. Analysis of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 18 breast tumors from women carrying likely pathogenic rare sequence variants revealed no consistent pattern of loss of the ATM variant. The risk estimates from this study suggest that women carrying the pathogenic variant, ATM c.7271T > G, or truncating mutations demonstrate a significantly increased risk of breast cancer with a penetrance that appears similar to that conferred by germline mutations in BRCA2.
Joining and splitting the quantum states of photons
Creators: name: Passaro, Elsa
name: Vitelli, Chiara
name: Spagnolo, Nicolo'
name: Sciarrino, Fabio
name: Santamato, Enrico
name: Marrucci, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A photonic process named as "quantum state joining" has been recently experimentally demonstrated [C. Vitelli et al., Nature Photon. 7, 521 (2013)] that corresponds to the transfer of the internal two-dimensional quantum states of two input photons, i.e., two photonic qubits, into the four-dimensional quantum state of a single photon, i.e., a photonic ququart. A scheme for the inverse process, namely "quantum state splitting", has also been theoretically proposed. Both processes can be iterated in a cascaded layout, to obtain the joining and/or splitting of more than two qubits, thus leading to a general scheme for varying the number of photons in the system while preserving its total quantum state, or quantum information content. Here, we revisit these processes from a theoretical point of view. After casting the theory of the joining and splitting processes in the more general photon occupation number notation, we introduce some modified schemes that are in principle unitary (not considering the implementation of the CNOT gates) and do not require projection and feed-forward steps. This can be particularly important in the quantum state splitting case, to obtain a scheme that does not rely on postselection. Moreover, we formally prove that the quantum joining of two photon states with linear optics requires the use of at least one ancilla photon. This is somewhat unexpected, given that the demonstrated joining scheme involves the sequential application of two CNOT quantum gates, for which a linear optical scheme with just two photons and postselection is known to exist. Finally we explore the relationship between the joining scheme and the generation of clusters of multi-particle entangled states involving more than one qubit per particle.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Structural distinctions in BMPs underlie divergent signaling in spinal neurons
Creators: name: Perron, Jeanette
name: Dodd, Jane
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: In dorsal spinal neurons and monocytes, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)7 activates distinct transduction pathways, one leading to inductive specification and the other to axon orientation and chemotaxis. BMP7-evoked induction, also stimulated by the closely related BMP6, acts through a Smad cascade, leading to nuclear signaling, and is not BMPR subunit selective. Orientation is evoked by BMP7, but not by BMP6, through PI3K-dependent cytoskeletal activation mediated by the type II BMPRs, ActRIIA and BMPRII and is independent of the Smad cascade. The responses can be stimulated concurrently and suggest that BMP7, but not BMP6, can selectively activate BMPR subunits that engage the divergent paths. Although structural and biochemical analyses of selected BMP/BMPR interfaces have identified key regions of interaction, how these translate into function by related BMPs is poorly understood. To determine the mechanisms underlying the distinct activities of BMP7 and the disparate properties of BMP7 and BMP6 in spinal cord development, we have performed a family-wide structure/function analysis of BMPs and used the information to predict and test sites within BMPs that may control agonist properties, in particular the ability of a BMP to orient axons, through interactions with BMPRs. We demonstrate that whereas all BMPs can induce dorsal neurons, there is selectivity in the ability also to orient axons or evoke growth cone collapse. The degree to which a BMP orients is not predictable by overall protein similarity with other BMPs but comparison of sequences of potent and weakly orienting BMPs with that of the non-orienting BMP6 revealed three candidate positions within the BMPs at which the amino acid residues may confer or obstruct orienting ability. Residue swapping analysis has identified one residue, Gln48 in BMP6, that blocks axon orienting ability. Replacing Gln48 with any of the amino acids present at the equivalent residue position in the orienting subset of BMPs confers orienting activity on BMP6. Conversely, swapping Gln48 into BMP7 reduces orienting ability. The inductive capacity of the BMPs was unchanged by these residue swaps. The results suggest that the presence of the Gln48 residue in BMP6 is structurally inhibitory for BMP/BMPR interactions that result in the activation of intracellular signaling, leading to axon orientation. Moreover, since residue 48 in BMP7 and the corresponding residue in BMP2 are important for type II BMPR binding, our results provide a basis for a mechanistic understanding of the diverse activities of BMPs in spinal cord development.
An exact solution of the Currie-Hill equations in 1 + 1 dimensional Minkowski space
Creators: name: Balog, Janos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exact two-particle solution of the Currie-Hill equations of Predictive Relativistic Mechanics in $1 + 1$ dimensional Minkowski space. The instantaneous accelerations are given in terms of elementary functions depending on the relative particle position and velocities. The general solution of the equations of motion is given and by studying the global phase space of this system it is shown that this is a subspace of the full kinematic phase space.
description: 13 pages, LaTeX. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1402.6990
The Structure of Opportunity: Middle-Class Mobility in England, 1548-1689
Creators: name: Deane, Glenn
name: Bearman, Peter Shawn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: History
subject: Social structure

description: Models that allow the decomposition of mobility into its structural and exchange components are used to identify the structure, and consequences, of middle-class intergenerational mobility in preindustrial (1548-1689) Norwich, England. Dramatic shifts in the mobility opportunities of sons over time are seen to yield distinct political outcomes. Political stability is associated with almost universal upward mobility in the period from 1548 to 1589, while from 1590 to 1639 structural processes leading to massive downward mobility are associated with increased radicalization and participation in the English civil war. From 1640 to 1689, strata persistence in an unstable political context prevailed.
Novel application of simultaneous multi-image display during complex robotic abdominal procedures
Creators: name: Woo, Yanghee
name: Choi, Gi
name: Min, Byung
name: Hyung, Woo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Surgery

description: The surgical robot offers the potential to integrate multiple views into the surgical console screen, and for the assistant’s monitors to provide real-time views of both fields of operation. This function has the potential to increase patient safety and surgical efficiency during an operation. Herein, we present a novel application of the multi-image display system for simultaneous visualization of endoscopic views during various complex robotic gastrointestinal operations. All operations were performed using the da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) with the assistance of Tilepro, multi-input display software, during employment of the intraoperative scopes. Three robotic operations, left hepatectomy with intraoperative common bile duct exploration, low anterior resection, and radical distal subtotal gastrectomy with intracorporeal gastrojejunostomy, were performed by three different surgeons at a tertiary academic medical center. The three complex robotic abdominal operations were successfully completed without difficulty or intraoperative complications. The use of the Tilepro to simultaneously visualize the images from the colonoscope, gastroscope, and choledochoscope made it possible to perform additional intraoperative endoscopic procedures without extra monitors or interference with the operations. We present a novel use of the multi-input display program on the da Vinci Surgical System to facilitate the performance of intraoperative endoscopies during complex robotic operations. Our study offers another potentially beneficial application of the robotic surgery platform toward integration and simplification of combining additional procedures with complex minimally invasive operations.
Inductive specification and axonal orientation of spinal neurons mediated by divergent bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways
Creators: name: Dodd, Jane
name: Perron, Jeanette C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biophysics

description: Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)7 evokes both inductive and axon orienting responses in dorsal interneurons (dI neurons) in the developing spinal cord. These events occur sequentially during the development of spinal neurons but in these and other cell types such inductive and acute chemotactic responses occur concurrently, highlighting the requirement for divergent intracellular signaling. Both type I and type II BMP receptor subtypes have been implicated selectively in orienting responses but it remains unclear how, in a given cell, divergence occurs. We have examined the mechanisms by which disparate BMP7 activities are generated in dorsal spinal neurons. We show that widely different threshold concentrations of BMP7 are required to elicit the divergent inductive and axon orienting responses. Type I BMP receptor kinase activity is required for activation of pSmad signaling and induction of dI character by BMP7, a high threshold response. In contrast, neither type I BMP receptor kinase activity nor Smad1/5/8 phosphorylation is involved in the low threshold orienting responses of dI axons to BMP7. Instead, BMP7-evoked axonal repulsion and growth cone collapse are dependent on phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) activation, plausibly through type II receptor signaling. BMP7 stimulates PI3K-dependent signaling in dI neurons. BMP6, which evokes neural induction but does not have orienting activity, activates Smad signaling but does not stimulate PI3K. Divergent signaling through pSmad-dependent and PI3K-dependent (Smad-independent) mechanisms mediates the inductive and orienting responses of dI neurons to BMP7. A model is proposed whereby selective engagement of BMP receptor subunits underlies choice of signaling pathway.
Trends in the clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients initiating antiretroviral therapy in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania between 2002 and 2009
Creators: name: Martin, Jeffrey N.
name: Yiannoutsos, Constantin T.
name: Wools-Kaloustian, Kara
name: Bwana, Mwebesa B.
name: Cohen, Craig R.
name: Otieno, Juliana A.
name: Wabwire, Deo
name: Elul, Batya O.
name: Nash, Denis
name: Easterbrook, Philippa J.
name: Braitstein, Paula
name: Musick, Beverly S.
name: Geng, Elvin H.
name: Hunt, Peter W.
name: Diero, Lameck O.
name: Kimaiyo, Sylvester
name: Somi, Geofrey R.
name: Okong, Pius
name: Bangsberg, David R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Epidemiology

description: East Africa has experienced a rapid expansion in access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected patients. Regionally representative socio-demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of patients accessing ART over time and across sites have not been well described. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of characteristics of HIV-infected adults initiating ART between 2002 and 2009 in Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania and in the International Epidemiologic Databases to Evaluate AIDS Consortium. Characteristics associated with advanced disease (defined as either a CD4 cell count level of less than 50 cells/mm3 or a WHO Stage 4 condition) at the time of ART initiation and use of stavudine (D4T) or nevirapine (NVP) were identified using a log-link Poisson model with robust standard errors. Among 48, 658 patients (69% from Kenya, 22% from Uganda and 9% from Tanzania) accessing ART at 30 clinic sites, the median age at the time of ART initiation was 37 years (IQR: 31-43) and 65% were women. Pre-therapy CD4 counts rose from 87 cells/mm3 (IQR: 26-161) in 2002-03 to 154 cells/mm3 (IQR: 71-233) in 2008-09 (p < 0.001). Accessing ART at advanced disease peaked at 35% in 2005-06 and fell to 27% in 2008-09. D4T use in the initial regimen fell from a peak of 88% in 2004-05 to 59% in 2008-09, and a greater extent of decline was observed in Uganda than in Kenya and Tanzania. Self-pay for ART peaked at 18% in 2003, but fell to less than 1% by 2005. In multivariable analyses, accessing ART at advanced immunosuppression was associated with male sex, women without a history of treatment for prevention of mother to child transmission (both as compared with women with such a history) and younger age after adjusting for year of ART initiation and country of residence. Receipt of D4T in the initial regimen was associated with female sex, earlier year of ART initiation, higher WHO stage, and lower CD4 levels at ART initiation and the absence of co-prevalent tuberculosis. Public health ART services in east Africa have improved over time, but the fraction of patients accessing ART with advanced immunosuppression is still high, men consistently access ART with more advanced disease, and D4T continues to be common in most settings. Strategies to facilitate access to ART, overcome barriers among men and reduce D4T use are needed.
From bench to clinic and back: Perspective on the 1st IQPC Translational Research conference
Creators: name: Hörig, Heidi
name: Pullman, William
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2004
Subjects: Medical sciences

description: Translational Research (TR) provides a set of tools and communication context for scientists and clinicians to optimize the drug discovery and development process. In the proceedings of a Princeton conference on this timely topic, the strengths and needs of this developing field were debated. Outcomes and key points from these discussions are summarized in this article which covers the topics of defining what we mean by translational research (both theoretically and in operational terms), ways in which to engender the TR mindset and embed it in organizations such as the pharmaceutical industry in order to optimize the impact of available technologies (including imaging methods), the scientific basis and under-pinnings of TR including genomics knowledge, information sharing, as well as examples of application to drug discovery and development. Importantly, it should be noted that collaborations and communications between the stakeholders in this field, namely academia, industry and regulatory authorities, must be strengthened in order for the promise of TR to be delivered as better therapies to patients.
The Equivalent Conductance of Solutions of Picric Acid
Creators: name: Capra, Frank Russell
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1918
Subjects: General
Chemistry

description: Picric acid possesses the property, which is rare among strong electrolytes, of having a convenient distribution ratio between water and certain organic solvents such as benzene, chloroform, etc. Because of this property, picric acid offers peculiar advantages for studying the well known deviations of strong electrolytes from the law of mass action, for; by means of distribution experiments, the activities of picric acid in various aqueous solutions may be compared.

In order to interpret the results of such distribution experiments, it is necessary to know the degree of ionization of picric acid in aqueous solutions.

At least three series of determinations of the equivalent conductance of picric acid have been published, but the results are not concordant; and therefore, the degree of ionization cannot be calculated with any degree of certainty.

The object of the present investigation was to redetermine the conductance of picric acid solutions in order to obtain satisfactory data from which the degrees of ionization of its solutions might be calculated.
The Water Permeability of Concrete and Some Factors Which Affect It
Creators: name: Banta, Arthur Perry
name: Renz, Carl Fred
Publisher: name: California Institute of Technology
Year: 1928
Subjects: subject: Civil Engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: For a subject which has so great and vital a bearing on a large number of different types of engineering structures, the factors which govern the water permeability of concrete have received surprisingly little consideration, at least from a concerted research standpoint.  Results of a few studies, on one or more of the factors which influence this property, have appeared in the literature, but with the exception of some work published by the Bureau of Standards in 1911, there has been no publication of results covering a complete or satisfactory study.

The importance of the water permeability of concrete has long been realized, and statements by engineers have appeared which attribute many failures and unsatisfactory conditions to this factor.  The evidence seems to point to a field of application for definite (though relative) data to all classes of concrete structures.
title: Impact of Chlorine Dioxide on Pathogenic Waterborne Microorganisms Occurring in Dental Chair Units
Creators: name: Krüger, Theresa Isabella Maria
name: Herzog, Susann
name: Mellmann, Alexander
name: Kuczius, Thorsten
Publisher: name: University of Muenster, Institutional Repository MIAMI
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 610 Medicine and health

description: Bacterial contamination is a problem in dental unit water lines with the consequence of implementing regular disinfection. In this study, the short-term impact of chlorine dioxide (ClO_2) treatment was investigated on the microorganisms Legionella pneumophila and L. anisa, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The environmental background was proven as an important factor regarding the tolerance to 0.4 mg/L ClO_2 as saline and phosphate-buffered saline resulted in a higher bacterial reduction than tap water. Gram-positive microorganisms demonstrated higher robustness to ClO_2 than Gram-negative, and microorganisms adapted to tap water showed increased stability compared to cultured cells. At high densities, substantial numbers of bacteria were able to withstand disinfection, whereby the use of 4.6 mg/L ClO_2 increased the inactivation rate. A massive cell decrease occurred within the first 5 minutes with subsequent plateau formation or slowed cell reduction upon further exposure. This biphasic kinetics cannot be explained by a ClO_2 depletion effect alone, because the probability of bacterial subpopulations with increased tolerance should be taken into account, too. Our results prove high disinfection efficiency to microorganisms that were rather found in correlation to the level of bacterial contamination and background solutions than the chosen concentration for ClO_2 treatment itself.
description: Finanziert durch den Open-Access-Publikationsfonds der Westfälischen Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU Münster).
Soziokulturelle Animation auf dem Pferdehof: Ein vielversprechender Ansatz
Creators: name: Wenner, Leslie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: In der vorliegenden Bachelorarbeit wird die Soziokulturelle Animation (SKA) für Jugendliche auf dem Pferdehof behandelt. Das Ziel ist es, zu erörtern, wie eine soziokulturelle Aktivität auf dem Pferdehof die teilnehmenden Jugendlichen in ihrer Entwicklung vom Jugend- in das Erwachsenenalter unterstützen kann, sie zu einem selbstbestimmten, autonomen und verantwortungsvollen Leben zu befähigen. Es wird eine Projektidee vorgestellt. Die thematisierte Projektidee wird unter Einbezug wissenschaftlicher Fundstellen aus der SKA, der Entwicklungspsychologie und der Pferdefachwelt auf den Prüfstand gestellt. Diese Arbeit nimmt das Jugendalter als wichtige Lebensphase in den Blick und geht der Frage nach, welche Entwicklungsaufgaben die Jugendlichen auf ihrem Weg in die Adoleszenz zu meistern haben. Daraufhin wird der sich stellenden Anschlussfrage nachgegangen, nämlich nach dem Zusammenhang dieser Entwicklungsaufgaben und der Interaktion der jugendlichen Teilnehmenden mit den Pferden und der Tätigkeiten der Jugendlichen auf dem Pferdehof. Ob die Projektidee den Anforderungen, Zielen und Arbeitsprinzipien der SKA entspricht, wird anhand der in der SKA verwendeten Grundsätze, wie informelles Lernen, Empowerment, Partizipation, Geschlechtersensibilität, Diversity, Transdisziplinarität, Kreativität und Nachhaltigkeit untersucht, und diese Begriffe praxisbezogen mit der Projektidee verknüpft. Die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse aus der Analyse führen zu anwendungsorientierten Handlungsempfehlungen und dienen Fachpersonen der SKA oder einer Organisation der Soziokultur, wie zum Beispiel einer Offenen Jugend Arbeit, ein auf der Projektidee basierendes Projekt der SKA zu konzipieren und umzusetzen.
description: + Code Diss LU: hslusa bask + Fussnote: Bachelor-Arbeit, Hochschule Luzern – Soziale Arbeit, Studienrichtung Soziokultur, 2022 + NL-Code: NLLUHSA202209
Transmission phase lapses through a quantum dot in a strong magnetic field
Creators: name: Dinaii, Yehuda
name: Gefen, Yuval
name: Rosenow, Bernd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase of the transmission amplitude through a mesoscopic system contains information about the system's quantum mechanical state and excitations thereof. In the absence of an external magnetic field, abrupt phase lapses occur between transmission resonances of quantum dots and can be related to the signs of tunneling matrix elements. They are smeared at finite temperatures. By contrast, we show here that in the presence of a strong magnetic field, phase lapses represent a genuine interaction effect and may occur also on resonance. For some realistic parameter range these phase lapses are robust against finite temperature broadening.
description: 8 pages including supplemental material; 4 figures; several references added
Bedae Presbyteri Anglosaxonis Viri Ervditissimi, De Natvra Rervm Et Temporvm Ratione Libri Dvo; 1529
Creators: name: Beda Venerabilis
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: Bibliogr. Nachweis: GK 14.9758
Material development and characterisation of a functionalised biomaterial to support pancreatic islet viability.
Creators: name: McDonough, Liam
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2020
Subjects: Medicine

description: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which affects over 425 million people worldwide (2017), a number which is expected to rise to 629 million people by 2045. Diabetes mellitus occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin to meet the demands of the body, due to the malfunction or immune-mediated destruction of the insulin producing β-cells. The bio-artificial pancreas approach aims to return endogenous insulin production to the patient, by delivering donor pancreatic islets encapsulated in a supportive biomaterial and protected by a semi-permeable immunoisolating shell. The overall objective of the research in this PhD thesis is to develop a novel functionalised biomaterial suitable for use as the extracellular matrix in a bio-artificial pancreas. This functionalised biomaterial would first be assessed in vitro with a suitable cell model and then undergo process development and scale-up manufacture for use in pre-clinical small and large animal model in vivo testing. The functionalised biomaterial was formulated as a hydrogel and functionalised with an oxygen carrier. The formulated biomaterial showed rheological characteristics suitable for delivery to a bio-artificial pancreas and improved oxygen storage characteristics compared to non-functionalised hydrogels. In vitro testing of the biomaterial seemed to show that is was not beneficial to a β-cell line. However it was shown to be biocompatible by an International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) validated method and also showed biocompatibility with human islets in vitro. Process development of the biomaterial resulted in the development of a protocol for its preparation that was successfully transferred to facilitate the in vivo testing. In a large animal model the biomaterial was successfully filled into a semi-permeable immunoisolating shell. In the small animal model the biomaterial showed efficacy when used to deliver primary rat islets cells to the rat model, showing improved fasting and post-prandial blood glucose for up to 8 weeks.
Association between infection early in life and mental disorders among youth in the community: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Goodwin, Renee D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health

description: The objective of this study was to examine the association between infection early in life and mental disorders among youth in the community. Data were drawn from the MECA (Methods in Epidemiology of Child and Adolescent psychopathology), a community-based study of 1,285 youth in the United States conducted in 1992. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between parent/caregiver-reported infection early in life and DSM/DISC diagnoses of mental disorders at ages 9-17. Infection early in life was associated with a significantly increased odds of major depression (OR = 3.9), social phobia (OR = 5.8), overanxious disorder (OR = 6.1), panic disorder (OR = 12.1), and oppositional defiant disorder (OR = 3.7). These findings are consistent with and extend previous results by providing new evidence suggesting a link between infection early in life and increased risk of depression and anxiety disorders among youth. These results should be considered preliminary. Replication of these findings with longitudinal epidemiologic data is needed. Possible mechanisms are discussed.
Measurements of the Double Helicity Asymmetry in Pion Production in Proton Collisions at √s = 200 GeV and the Resulting Constraints on the Polarized Gluon Distribution in the Proton
Creators: name: Boyle, Kieran
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: helicity
asymmetry
spin
polarization
run05
run06
π0

description: In the present work, results for the double helicity asymmetry in neutral pion (π0) production in polarized proton collisions from the 2005 and 2006 RHIC runs (Run5 and Run6, respectively) measured with the PHENIX detector are presented.
Poles of Karlsruhe-Helsinki KH80 and KA84 solutions extracted by using Laurent+Pietarinen method
Creators: name: Svarc, Alfred
name: Hadzimehmedovic, Mirza
name: Omerovic, Rifat
name: Osmanovic, Hedim
name: Stahov, Jugoslav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Poles of partial wave scattering matrices have also in hadron spectroscopy recently been established as a sole link between experiment and QCD theories and models [1-4]. We have, however, noticed the fact that Karlsruhe-Helsinki (KH) partial wave analyses, one of the two partial wave analyses which have been "above the line" in PDG [1] for over three decades, does calculate and PDG compiles the abundance of Breit-Wigner (BW) parameters obtained by local BW fit, but has produced only a limited number of pole information obtained by using speed plot (SP) method [5]. We stress the fact that in KH method only Mandelstam analyticity is used as a theoretical constraint, so KH partial wave solutions are as model independent as possible. Therefore, they represent a very confident and valuable input, so it is of extreme importance to extract as many resonance pole parameters from them as possible. In addition, the troubling fact is that BW parameters given in PDG have been obtained from KH80 solution, while pole parameters have been obtained from KA84 version of KH solution. To remedy this, we have used newly developed Laurent+Pietarinen expansion method [6,7] for obtaining pole positions for all partial waves for KH80 and KA84 solutions, compared them, and shown that the differences in pole parameters are, with very few discussed exceptions, negligible for all partial waves. We finally give a full set of pole parameters for both solutions for all partial waves; results which are until now unpublished.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 7 tables
A test for reporting bias in trial networks: simulation and case studies
Creators: name: Trinquart, Ludovic
name: Ioannidis, John
name: Chatellier, Gilles
name: Ravaud, Philippe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: Medical sciences

description: Networks of trials assessing several treatment options available for the same condition are increasingly considered. Randomized trial evidence may be missing because of reporting bias. We propose a test for reporting bias in trial networks. We test whether there is an excess of trials with statistically significant results across a network of trials. The observed number of trials with nominally statistically significant p-values across the network is compared with the expected number. The performance of the test (type I error rate and power) was assessed using simulation studies under different scenarios of selective reporting bias. Examples are provided for networks of antidepressant and antipsychotic trials, where reporting biases have been previously demonstrated by comparing published to Food and Drug Administration (FDA) data. In simulations, the test maintained the type I error rate and was moderately powerful after adjustment for type I error rate, except when the between-trial variance was substantial. In all, a positive test result increased moderately or markedly the probability of reporting bias being present, while a negative test result was not very informative. In the two examples, the test gave a signal for an excess of statistically significant results in the network of published data but not in the network of FDA data. The test could be useful to document an excess of significant findings in trial networks, providing a signal for potential publication bias or other selective analysis and outcome reporting biases.
Bewusstseinsbildung Forschungsdatenmanagement. "Awareness-Materialien" zum FDM für die Stiftung Universität Hildesheim (SUH).
Creators: name: Strauch, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: FDM
Forschungsdatenmanagement
RDM
Research Data Management
UB
Universitätsbibliotheken
Bibliotheken

description: FDM-Awareness.
 Internes Material der FDM-Stelle der UB Hildesheim.
The "Arabian Influence" Thesis Revisited
Creators: name: Burstyn, Shai
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1990
Subjects: Music

description: The Eastern influence on medieval European music was a hotly debated topic in the musicological literature from the early 1920s through the 1940s. Interest in the "Arabian Influence" thesis has reawakened in recent years and appears to be slowly but surely gathering momentum again. Firmly convinced that the origins of Western chant were rooted in Eastern sources (Byzantine, Syriac, and ultimately Jewish), chant specialists made efforts to uncover East-West links in the first Christian centuries-efforts that were usually deemed legitimate. Far less acceptable to many music scholars was the proposition of a second wave of Eastern influence on medieval European music, based on eight centuries of Arabic presence on the continent and on the close contact with the East during the Crusades. Still echoing the eighteenth-century contempt for non-European music, a marked Euro-centrist musicological penchant reacted to the "Arabian Influence" thesis in a variety of ways, ranging from vehement rejection of any influence whatsoever to disregard of the topic as if the question itself were not legitimate. These reactions form an interesting chapter in the recent historiography of Western music.
Evidence of non-thermal X-ray emission from HH 80
Creators: name: Lopez-Santiago, J.
name: Peri, C. S.
name: Bonito, R.
name: Miceli, M.
name: Albacete-Colombo, J. F.
name: Benaglia, P.
name: de Castro, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protostellar jets appear at all stages of star formation when the accretion process is still at work. Jets travel at velocities of hundreds of km/s, creating strong shocks when interacting with interstellar medium. Several cases of jets have been detected in X-rays, typically showing soft emission. For the first time, we report evidence of hard X-ray emission possibly related to non-thermal processes not explained by previous models of the post-shock emission predicted in the jet/ambient interaction scenario. HH 80 is located at the south head of the jet associated to the massive protostar IRAS 18162-2048. It shows soft and hard X-ray emission in regions that are spatially separated, with the soft X-ray emission region situated behind the region of hard X-ray emission. We propose a scenario for HH 80 where soft X-ray emission is associated to thermal processes from the interaction of the jet with denser ambient matter and the hard X-ray emission is produced by synchrotron radiation at the front shock.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJL
PREDICTING CORN NUTRIENT STATUS BASED ON HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING
Creators: name: Lin, Meng-Yang
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Agronomy

description: Significant portions of nitrogen (40–60%), phosphorus (80–90%) and potash (30–50%) applied in agricultural fields are not taken up by plants, causing serious issues for farmers and the environment. Fertilizer losses result in greater fertilizer input costs and the cost of fertilizer is projected to increase due to limited ore resources and increasing fossil fuel prices. Moreover, excess fertilizer application can contaminate water and air, resulting in human health problems. Leaching fertilizers also induce eutrophication, acid rain and global climate change. Therefore, developing crops with high nutrient uptake efficiency is important for economic and environmental sustainability of agriculture. Crop improvement depends on efficiency and accuracy of genotyping and phenotyping. Genotyping has improved in recent years and is generally efficient and accurate. In contrast, improvements in phenotyping lag far behind. Lack of high-throughput (efficient, accurate and inexpensive) phenotyping (HTP) methods limit the speed of genetic improvement. As a result, there is an increasing interest in development of HTP for predicting crop nutrient status. My research addresses whether hyperspectral data in the visible-near-infrared range (HS-VNIR) acquired by a handheld device or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can be used for predicting maize nutrient status. Proximal and remote sensing data coupled with ground reference measurements of hybrid maize nutrient status were collected in fertilizer strip trials conducted at Purdue Agricultural Centers located throughout Indiana. Statistical models were developed to predict nutrient status based on HS-VNIR with coefficients of determination of cross-validation [R2 (CV)] used to evaluate the performance of the predictive models. Models with acceptable goodness-of-fit [R2 (CV) > 0.30] were considered satisfactory. These studies demonstrated that models developed using handheld proximal sensing data performed adequately for predicting N, K, Mg, Ca, P, S, Mn, Zn and B. Similarly, models developed using UAV-based HS-VNIR could be used to predict N, K, Mg, Ca, P, S, Mn, Zn and B. Models that combine proximal and remote sensing data also performed well with predictions of N, K, Mg, Ca, P, S, Mn, Zn and B. In conclusion, handheld or UAV-based hyperspectral imaging can provide corn breeders with HTP data on the status of all macronutrients (N, K, Mg, Ca, P, S) and some micronutrients (Mn, Zn, B). Deployment of this technology may provide a valuable tool to support development of cultivars with improved nutrient uptake efficiencies.
An Exploratory Study of Masked Face Recognition with Machine Learning Algorithms
Creators: name: Pudyel, Megh
name: Atay, Mustafa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.4.9; I.2.6

description: Automated face recognition is a widely adopted machine learning technology for contactless identification of people in various processes such as automated border control, secure login to electronic devices, community surveillance, tracking school attendance, workplace clock in and clock out. Using face masks have become crucial in our daily life with the recent world-wide COVID-19 pandemic. The use of face masks causes the performance of conventional face recognition technologies to degrade considerably. The effect of mask-wearing in face recognition is yet an understudied issue. In this paper, we address this issue by evaluating the performance of a number of face recognition models which are tested by identifying masked and unmasked face images. We use six conventional machine learning algorithms, which are SVC, KNN, LDA, DT, LR and NB, to find out the ones which perform best, besides the ones which poorly perform, in the presence of masked face images. Local Binary Pattern (LBP) is utilized as the feature extraction operator. We generated and used synthesized masked face images. We prepared unmasked, masked, and half-masked training datasets and evaluated the face recognition performance against both masked and unmasked images to present a broad view of this crucial problem. We believe that our study is unique in elaborating the mask-aware facial recognition with almost all possible scenarios including half_masked-to-masked and half_masked-to-unmasked besides evaluating a larger number of conventional machine learning algorithms compared the other studies in the literature.
description: 6 pages published in IEEE SoutheastCon 2023