cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conformational selection in protein binding and function
Creators: name: Weikl, Thomas R.
name: Paul, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protein binding and function often involves conformational changes. Advanced NMR experiments indicate that these conformational changes can occur in the absence of ligand molecules (or with bound ligands), and that the ligands may 'select' protein conformations for binding (or unbinding). In this review, we argue that this conformational selection requires transition times for ligand binding and unbinding that are small compared to the dwell times of proteins in different conformations, which is plausible for small ligand molecules. Such a separation of timescales leads to a decoupling and temporal ordering of binding/unbinding events and conformational changes. We propose that conformational-selection and induced-change processes (such as induced fit) are two sides of the same coin, because the temporal ordering is reversed in binding and unbinding direction. Conformational-selection processes can be characterized by a conformational excitation that occurs prior to a binding or unbinding event, while induced-change processes exhibit a characteristic conformational relaxation that occurs after a binding or unbinding event. We discuss how the ordering of events can be determined from relaxation rates and effective on- and off-rates determined in mixing experiments, and from the conformational exchange rates measured in advanced NMR or single-molecule FRET experiments. For larger ligand molecules such as peptides, conformational changes and binding events can be intricately coupled and exhibit aspects of conformational-selection and induced-change processes in both binding and unbinding direction.
description: review article; 10 pages, 4 figures, Protein Sci. 2014
The Mysterious Radcliffe Wave
Creators: name: Bobylev, V. V.
name: Bajkova, A. T.
name: Mishurov, Yu. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The review is devoted to the Radcliffe Wave recently discovered by Alves et al. from the analysis of molecular clouds. These authors singled out a narrow chain of molecular clouds, elongated almost in one line, located at an inclination of about 30$^o$ to the galactic axis y. The Radcliffe Wave itself describes damped vertical oscillations of molecular clouds with a maximum oscillation amplitude of about 160 pc and a characteristic wavelength of about 2.5 kpc. To date, the presence of the Radcliffe Wave has been confirmed in the vertical distribution of a) interstellar dust, b) sources of maser radiation and radio stars, which are very young stars and protostars closely associated with molecular clouds, c) low-mass stars of the T Tau type, d) more massive OB stars and e) young open clusters of stars. The Radcliffe Wave is also traced in the vertical velocities of young stars. Most of the considered results of the analysis of the vertical velocities of various young stars show that the oscillations of the vertical positions and vertical velocities of stars in the Radcliffe Wave occur synchronously. The nature of the Radcliffe Wave is completely unclear. The majority of researchers associate its occurrence with the assumption of an external gravitational impact on the galactic disk of a striker such as a dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Astrophysics, V. 65, Issue 4, November 2022. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2207.00245
Degree mixing in multilayer networks impedes the evolution of cooperation
Creators: name: Wang, Zhen
name: Wang, Lin
name: Perc, Matjaz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Traditionally, the evolution of cooperation has been studied on single, isolated networks. Yet a player, especially in human societies, will typically be a member of many different networks, and those networks will play a different role in the evolutionary process. Multilayer networks are therefore rapidly gaining on popularity as the more apt description of a networked society. With this motivation, we here consider 2-layer scale-free networks with all possible combinations of degree mixing, wherein one network layer is used for the accumulation of payoffs and the other is used for strategy updating. We find that breaking the symmetry through assortative mixing in one layer and/or disassortative mixing in the other layer, as well as preserving the symmetry by means of assortative mixing in both layers, impedes the evolution of cooperation. We use degree-dependent distributions of strategies and cluster-size analysis to explain these results, which highlight the importance of hubs and the preservation of symmetry between multilayer networks for the successful resolution of social dilemmas.
description: 8 two-column pages, 9 figures; accepted for publication in Physical Review E
Observation of hidden parts of dislocation loops in thin Pb films by means of scanning tunneling spectroscopy
Creators: name: Aladyshkin, A. Yu.
name: Aladyshkina, A. S.
name: Bozhko, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Local electronic properties of quasi-two-dimensional Pb(111) islands with screw dislocations of different types on their surfaces were experimentally studied by means of low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy in the regime of constant current. A comparison of the topography map, the maps of tunneling current variation and the differential tunneling conductance acquired simultaneously allows one to visualize the hidden parts of the dislocation loops under the sample surface. We demonstrate that two closely-positioned screw dislocations with the opposite Burgers vectors can either (i) connect to each other by the sub-surface dislocation loop or (ii) generate independent hidden edge dislocation lines which run towards the perimeter of the Pb island. In addition, we found a screw dislocation, which does not produce outcoming sub-surface dislocation loops. Screw dislocations and the hidden dislocations lines are the source of the non-quantized variation of the local thickness of the Pb terraces, affecting the local electronic properties.
description: 21 pages, 12 figures
Towards Knowledge-Enriched Path Computation
Creators: name: Skoumas, Georgios
name: Schmid, Klaus Arthur
name: Jossé, Gregor
name: Züfle, Andreas
name: Nascimento, Mario A.
name: Renz, Matthias
name: Pfoser, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.2.8

description: Directions and paths, as commonly provided by navigation systems, are usually derived considering absolute metrics, e.g., finding the shortest path within an underlying road network. With the aid of crowdsourced geospatial data we aim at obtaining paths that do not only minimize distance but also lead through more popular areas using knowledge generated by users. We extract spatial relations such as "nearby" or "next to" from travel blogs, that define closeness between pairs of points of interest (PoIs) and quantify each of these relations using a probabilistic model. Subsequently, we create a relationship graph where each node corresponds to a PoI and each edge describes the spatial connection between the respective PoIs. Using Bayesian inference we obtain a probabilistic measure of spatial closeness according to the crowd. Applying this measure to the corresponding road network, we obtain an altered cost function which does not exclusively rely on distance, and enriches an actual road networks taking crowdsourced spatial relations into account. Finally, we propose two routing algorithms on the enriched road networks. To evaluate our approach, we use Flickr photo data as a ground truth for popularity. Our experimental results -- based on real world datasets -- show that the paths computed w.r.t.\ our alternative cost function yield competitive solutions in terms of path length while also providing more "popular" paths, making routing easier and more informative for the user.
description: Accepted as a short paper at ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2014
Order from structural disorder in $XY$ pyrochlore antiferromagnet $\rm Er_2Ti_2O_7$
Creators: name: Maryasin, V. S.
name: Zhitomirsky, M. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effect of structural disorder is investigated for an $XY$ pyrochlore antiferromagnet with continuous degeneracy of classical ground states. Two types of disorder, vacancies and weakly fluctuating exchange bonds, lift degeneracy selecting the same subset of classical ground states. Analytic and numerical results demonstrate that such an "order by structural disorder" mechanism competes with the effect of thermal and quantum fluctuations. Our theory predicts that a small amount of nonmagnetic impurities in $\rm{Er_2Ti_2O_7}$ will stabilize the coplanar $ψ_3$ ($m_{x^2-y^2}$) magnetic structure as opposed to the $ψ_2$ ($m_{3z^2-r^2}$) state found in pure material.
Additional file 1 of Examining oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) literacy among participants in an HIV vaccine trial preparedness cohort study
Creators: name: Chimukuche, Rujeko Samanthia
name: Kawuma, Rachel
name: Mahapa, Nteboheleng
name: Mkhwanazi, Smanga
name: Singh, Nishanta
name: Siva, Samantha
name: Ruzagira, Eugene
name: Seeley, Janet
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
SPARCS-North Wide-field VLBI Survey: Exploring the resolved MicroJy extra-galactic radio source population with EVN+e-MERLIN
Creators: name: Njeri, Ann
name: Beswick, Robert J.
name: Radcliffe, Jack F.
name: Thomson, A. P.
name: Wrigley, N.
name: Muxlow, T. W. B.
name: Garrett, M. A.
name: Deane, Roger. P.
name: Moldon, Javier
name: Norris, Ray P.
name: Kothes, Roland
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The SKA PAthfinder Radio Continuum Surveys (SPARCS) are providing deep-field imaging of the faint (sub-mJy) extra-galactic radio source populations through a series of reference surveys. One of the key science goals for SPARCS is to characterize the relative contribution of radio emission associated with AGN from star-formation (SF) in these faint radio source populations, using a combination of high sensitivity and high angular resolution imaging over a range of spatial scales (arcsec to mas). To isolate AGN contribution from SF, we hypothesise that there exists a brightness temperature cut-off point separating pure AGN from SF. We present a multi-resolution (10-100 mas) view of the transition between compact AGN and diffuse SF through a deep wide-field EVN+e-MERLIN, multiple phase centre survey of the centre of the Northern SPARCS (SLOAN) reference field at 1.6 GHz. This is the first (and only) VLBI (+e-MERLIN) milliarcsecond angular resolution observation of this field, and of the wider SPARCS reference field programme. Using these high spatial resolution (9 pc - 0.3 kpc at z ~ 1.25) data, 11 milliarcsecond-scale sources are detected from a targeted sample of 52 known radio sources from previous observations with the e-MERLIN, giving a VLBI detection fraction of ~ 21%. At spatial scales of ~ 9 pc, these sources show little to no jet structure whilst at ~ 0.3 kpc one-sided and two-sided radio jets begin to emerge on the same sources, indicating a possible transition from pure AGN emissions to AGN and star-formation systems.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Direct detection of Black Holes via electromagnetic radiation
Creators: name: Sobrinho, J. L. G.
name: Augusto, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many black hole (BH) candidates exist, ranging from supermassive ($\sim10^{6}$--$10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$) to stellar masses ($\sim 1$--$100$ M$_{\odot}$), all of them identified by indirect processes. Although there are no known candidate BHs with sub-stellar masses, these might have been produced in the primordial Universe. BHs emit radiation composed of photons, gravitons and, later in their lifes, massive particles. We explored the detection of such BHs with present day masses from $10^{-22}$ M$_{\odot}$ to $10^{-11}$ M$_{\odot}$. We determined the maximum distances ($d$) at which the current best detectors should be placed in order to identify such isolated BHs. Broadly, we conclude that in the visible and ultraviolet BHs can be directly detected at $d\lesssim 10^7$ m while in the X-ray band the distances might reach $\sim10^8$ m (of the order of the Earth-Moon distance) and in the $γ$-ray band BHs might even be detected from as far as $\sim 0.1$ pc. Since these results give us realistic hopes of directly detecting BHs, we suggest the scrutiny of current and future space mission data to reach this goal.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures and 2 tables
Enhanced intrinsic voltage gain in artificially stacked bilayer CVD graphene field effect transistors
Creators: name: Pandey, Himadri
name: Morales, Jorge Daniel Aguirre
name: Kataria, Satender
name: Fregonese, Sebastien
name: Passi, Vikram
name: Iannazzo, Mario
name: Zimmer, Thomas
name: Alarcon, Eduard
name: Lemme, Max C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on electronic transport in dual-gate, artificially stacked bilayer graphene field effect transistors (BiGFETs) fabricated from large-area chemical vapor deposited (CVD) graphene. The devices show enhanced tendency to current saturation, which leads to reduced minimum output conductance values. This results in improved intrinsic voltage gain of the devices when compared to monolayer graphene FETs. We employ a physics based compact model originally developed for Bernal stacked bilayer graphene FETs (BSBGFETs) to explore the observed phenomenon. The improvement in current saturation may be attributed to increased charge carrier density in the channel and thus reduced saturation velocity due to carrier-carrier scattering.
Additional file 1 of Utility of illness symptoms for predicting COVID-19 infections in children
Creators: name: Zhou, Geena Y.
name: Penwill, Nicole Y.
name: Cheng, Grace
name: Singh, Prachi
name: Cheung, Ann
name: Shin, Minkyung
name: Nguyen, Margaret
name: Mittal, Shalini
name: Burrough, William
name: Spad, Mia-Ashley
name: Bourne, Sarah
name: Bardach, Naomi S.
name: Perito, Emily R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Supplemental figures.
Asteroseismology: Looking for axions in the red supergiant star Alpha Ori
Creators: name: Severino, Clara
name: Lopes, Ilídio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, for the first time, we use seismic data as well as surface abundances to model the supergiant $α$-Ori, with the goal of setting an upper bound on the axion-photon coupling constant $g_{aγ}$. We found that, in general, the stellar models with $g_{a γ} \in [0.002;2.0]\times 10^{-10}{\rm GeV}^{-1}$ agree with observational data, but beyond that upper limit, we did not find stellar models compatible with the observational constraints, and current literature. From $g_{a γ} = 3.5 \times 10^{-10} {\rm GeV}^{-1}$ on, the algorithm did not find any fitting model. Nevertheless, all axionic models considered, presented a distinct internal profile from the reference case, without axions. Moreover, as axion energy losses become more significant, the behaviour of the stellar models becomes more diversified, even with very similar input parameters. Nonetheless, the consecutive increments of $g_{a γ}$ still show systematic tendencies, resulting from the axion energy losses. Moreover, we establish three important conclusions: (1) The increased luminosity and higher neutrino production are measurable effects, possibly associated with axion energy losses. (2) Stellar models with axion energy loss show a quite distinct internal structure. (3) The importance of future asteroseismic missions in observing low-degree non-radial modes in massive stars:internal gravity waves probe the near-core regions, where axion effects are most intense. Thus, more seismic data will allow us to constrain $g_{aγ}$ better and prove or dismiss the existence of axion energy loss inside massive stars.
description: 11pages,accepted by Astrophysical Journal
Tragic Talkers: A Shakespearean Sound- and Light-Field Dataset for Audio-Visual Machine Learning Research
Creators: name: Berghi, Davide
name: Volino, Marco
name: Jackson, Philip J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: 3D audio-visual production aims to deliver immersive and interactive experiences to the consumer. Yet, faithfully reproducing real-world 3D scenes remains a challenging task. This is partly due to the lack of available datasets enabling audio-visual research in this direction. In most of the existing multi-view datasets, the accompanying audio is neglected. Similarly, datasets for spatial audio research primarily offer unimodal content, and when visual data is included, the quality is far from meeting the standard production needs. We present "Tragic Talkers", an audio-visual dataset consisting of excerpts from the "Romeo and Juliet" drama captured with microphone arrays and multiple co-located cameras for light-field video. Tragic Talkers provides ideal content for object-based media (OBM) production. It is designed to cover various conventional talking scenarios, such as monologues, two-people conversations, and interactions with considerable movement and occlusion, yielding 30 sequences captured from a total of 22 different points of view and two 16-element microphone arrays. Additionally, we provide voice activity labels, 2D face bounding boxes for each camera view, 2D pose detection keypoints, 3D tracking data of the mouth of the actors, and dialogue transcriptions. We believe the community will benefit from this dataset as it can assist multidisciplinary research. Possible uses of the dataset are discussed.
Spectroscopy of Ba and Ba$^+$ deposits in solid xenon for barium tagging in nEXO
Creators: name: Mong, B.
name: Cook, S.
name: Walton, T.
name: Chambers, C.
name: Craycraft, A.
name: Benitez-Medina, C.
name: Hall, K.
name: Fairbank, W.
name: Albert, J. B.
name: Auty, D. J.
name: Barbeau, P. S.
name: Basque, V.
name: Beck, D.
name: Breidenbach, M.
name: Brunner, T.
name: Cao, G. F.
name: Cleveland, B.
name: Coon, M.
name: Daniels, T.
name: Daugherty, S. J.
name: DeVoe, R.
name: Didberidze, T.
name: Dilling, J.
name: Dolinski, M. J.
name: Dunford, M.
name: Fabris, L.
name: Farine, J.
name: Feldmeier, W.
name: Fierlinger, P.
name: Fudenberg, D.
name: Giroux, G.
name: Gornea, R.
name: Graham, K.
name: Gratta, G.
name: Heffner, M.
name: Hughes, M.
name: Jiang, X. S.
name: Johnson, T. N.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Karelin, A.
name: Kaufman, L. J.
name: Killick, R.
name: Koffas, T.
name: Kravitz, S.
name: Krucken, R.
name: Kuchenkov, A.
name: Kumar, K. S.
name: Leonard, D. S.
name: Licciardi, C.
name: Lin, Y. H.
name: Ling, J.
name: MacLellan, R.
name: Marino, M. G.
name: Moore, D.
name: Odian, A.
name: Ostrovskiy, I.
name: Piepke, A.
name: Pocar, A.
name: Retiere, F.
name: Rowson, P. C.
name: Rozo, M. P.
name: Schubert, A.
name: Sinclair, D.
name: Smith, E.
name: Stekhanov, V.
name: Tarka, M.
name: Tolba, T.
name: Twelker, K.
name: Vuilleumier, J. -L.
name: Walton, J.
name: Weber, M.
name: Wen, L. J.
name: Wichoski, U.
name: Yang, L.
name: Yen, Y. -R.
name: Zhao, Y. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Progress on a method of barium tagging for the nEXO double beta decay experiment is reported. Absorption and emission spectra for deposits of barium atoms and ions in solid xenon matrices are presented. Excitation spectra for prominent emission lines, temperature dependence and bleaching of the fluorescence reveal the existence of different matrix sites. A regular series of sharp lines observed in Ba$^+$ deposits is identified with some type of barium hydride molecule. Lower limits for the fluorescence quantum efficiency of the principal Ba emission transition are reported. Under current conditions, an image of $\le10^4$ Ba atoms can be obtained. Prospects for imaging single Ba atoms in solid xenon are discussed.
A proactive autoscaling and energy-efficient VM allocation framework using online multi-resource neural network for cloud data center
Creators: name: Saxena, Deepika
name: Singh, Ashutosh Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work proposes an energy-efficient resource provisioning and allocation framework to meet the dynamic demands of future applications. The frequent variations in a cloud user's resource demand lead 'to the problem of excess power consumption, resource wastage, performance, and Quality-of-Service degradation. The proposed framework addresses these challenges by matching the application's predicted resource requirement with the resource capacity of VMs precisely and thereby consolidating the entire load on the minimum number of energy-efficient physical machines. The three consecutive contributions of the proposed work are: Online Multi-Resource Feed-forward Neural Network to forecast the multiple resource demands concurrently for future applications; autoscaling of VMs based on the clustering of the predicted resource requirements; allocation of the scaled VMs on the energy-efficient PMs. The integrated approach successively optimizes resource utilization, saves energy and automatically adapts to the changes in future application resource demand. The proposed framework is evaluated by using real workload traces of the benchmark Google Cluster Dataset and compared against different scenarios including energy-efficient VM placement with resource prediction only, VMP without resource prediction and autoscaling, and optimal VMP with autoscaling based on actual resource utilization. The observed results demonstrate that the proposed integrated approach achieves near-optimal performance against optimal VMP and outperforms rest of the VMPs in terms of power saving and resource utilization up to 88.5% and 21.12% respectively. In addition, the OM-FNN predictor shows better accuracy, lesser time and space complexity over a traditional single-input and single-output feed-forward neural network predictor.
Additional file 2 of Utility of illness symptoms for predicting COVID-19 infections in children
Creators: name: Zhou, Geena Y.
name: Penwill, Nicole Y.
name: Cheng, Grace
name: Singh, Prachi
name: Cheung, Ann
name: Shin, Minkyung
name: Nguyen, Margaret
name: Mittal, Shalini
name: Burrough, William
name: Spad, Mia-Ashley
name: Bourne, Sarah
name: Bardach, Naomi S.
name: Perito, Emily R.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Supplemental tables.
Complessità e dinamismo dei processi insediativi tra bronzo finale e primo ferro in Etruria
Creators: name: Marino, Teresa
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: L-ANT/06 ETRUSCOLOGIA E ANTICHITÀ ITALICHE
subject: Etruria
subject: Età del Bronzo Finale-Prima età del Ferro
subject: Dinamiche insediative

description: 2012 - 2013
description: The present research focuses on the settlement dynamics observed in Etruria between the Final Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age (about 12th - third quarter of the 8th century BC). .. [edited by Author]
description: La ricerca è incentrata sull'analisi delle dinamiche di sviluppo degli insediamenti nel territorio dell'Etruria tra l'età del Bronzo Finale e la Prima età del Ferro (XII - terzo quarto dell'VIII sec. a. C. circa). .. [a cura dell'Autore]
Integrated high quality factor lithium niobate microdisk resonators
Creators: name: Wang, Cheng
name: Burek, Michael J.
name: Lin, Zin
name: Atikian, Haig A.
name: Venkataraman, Vivek
name: Huang, I-Chun
name: Stark, Peter
name: Lončar, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Lithium Niobate (LN) is an important nonlinear optical material. Here we demonstrate LN microdisk resonators that feature optical quality factor ~ 100,000, realized using robust and scalable fabrication techniques, that operate over a wide wavelength range spanning visible and near infrared. Using our resonators, and leveraging LN's large second order optical nonlinearity, we demonstrate on-chip second harmonic generation with a conversion efficiency of 0.109 W-1.
Fuzzy Agent-Based Multicriteria Decision-Making Model for Analyzing Construction Crew Performance
Creators: Kedir, Nebiyu Siraj
Raoufi, Mohammad
Fayek, Aminah Robinson
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2020

Selecting economically feasible policies for maximizing crew motivation and performance is a multifaceted problem, and  each aspect of the process poses considerable unique challenges for construction practitioners. Fuzzy agent-based modeling (FABM) addresses some of the challenges of predicting crew performance (e.g., it accounts for both subjective uncertainties and crew dynamics), but strategy selection is a decision-making problem that is also compounded by expert disagreements, insufficient information, and differing stakeholder priorities. This paper proposes a methodology for integrating multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) with FABM to develop a decision support model that simulates the complex relationships and social interactions between crews and crew members for use in decision-making. This model also accounts for dynamic construction environments and captures the subjective factors that influence crew motivation and performance. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, it proposes a methodology that will help improve decision-making processes in construction by expanding the scope of MCDM through integration with FABM. Second, it develops a fuzzy agent-based multicriteria decision-making model that helps construction practitioners adopt economically feasible strategies for improving the motivation and performance of construction crews. Furthermore, the proposed methodology can be adapted to several construction problems to help decisionmakers prioritize and select from several strategies intended to improve different crew performance measures
Combining multiple matchers for fingerprint verification: A case study in biosecure network of excellence
Creators: name: Alonso-Fernandez, Fernando
name: Fierrez-Aguilar, Julian
name: Fronthaler, Hartwig
name: Kollreider, Klaus
name: Ortega-Garcia, Javier
name: Gonzalez-Rodriguez, Joaquin
name: Bigun, Josef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We report on experiments for the fingerprint modality conducted during the First BioSecure Residential Workshop. Two reference systems for fingerprint verification have been tested together with two additional non-reference systems. These systems follow different approaches of fingerprint processing and are discussed in detail. Fusion experiments I volving different combinations of the available systems are presented. The experimental results show that the best recognition strategy involves both minutiae-based and correlation-based measurements. Regarding the fusion experiments, the best relative improvement is obtained when fusing systems that are based on heterogeneous strategies for feature extraction and/or matching. The best combinations of two/three/four systems always include the best individual systems whereas the best verification performance is obtained when combining all the available systems.
description: Published at Annals of Telecommunications, Special Issue on Multimodal Biometrics
Cross-lingual Similarity of Multilingual Representations Revisited
Creators: name: Del, Maksym
name: Fishel, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Related works used indexes like CKA and variants of CCA to measure the similarity of cross-lingual representations in multilingual language models. In this paper, we argue that assumptions of CKA/CCA align poorly with one of the motivating goals of cross-lingual learning analysis, i.e., explaining zero-shot cross-lingual transfer. We highlight what valuable aspects of cross-lingual similarity these indexes fail to capture and provide a motivating case study \textit{demonstrating the problem empirically}. Then, we introduce \textit{Average Neuron-Wise Correlation (ANC)} as a straightforward alternative that is exempt from the difficulties of CKA/CCA and is good specifically in a cross-lingual context. Finally, we use ANC to construct evidence that the previously introduced ``first align, then predict'' pattern takes place not only in masked language models (MLMs) but also in multilingual models with \textit{causal language modeling} objectives (CLMs). Moreover, we show that the pattern extends to the \textit{scaled versions} of the MLMs and CLMs (up to 85x original mBERT).\footnote{Our code is publicly available at \url{https://github.com/TartuNLP/xsim}}
description: Accepted at AACL 2022
Label Encoding for Regression Networks
Creators: name: Shah, Deval
name: Xue, Zi Yu
name: Aamodt, Tor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep neural networks are used for a wide range of regression problems. However, there exists a significant gap in accuracy between specialized approaches and generic direct regression in which a network is trained by minimizing the squared or absolute error of output labels. Prior work has shown that solving a regression problem with a set of binary classifiers can improve accuracy by utilizing well-studied binary classification algorithms. We introduce binary-encoded labels (BEL), which generalizes the application of binary classification to regression by providing a framework for considering arbitrary multi-bit values when encoding target values. We identify desirable properties of suitable encoding and decoding functions used for the conversion between real-valued and binary-encoded labels based on theoretical and empirical study. These properties highlight a tradeoff between classification error probability and error-correction capabilities of label encodings. BEL can be combined with off-the-shelf task-specific feature extractors and trained end-to-end. We propose a series of sample encoding, decoding, and training loss functions for BEL and demonstrate they result in lower error than direct regression and specialized approaches while being suitable for a diverse set of regression problems, network architectures, and evaluation metrics. BEL achieves state-of-the-art accuracies for several regression benchmarks. Code is available at https://github.com/ubc-aamodt-group/BEL_regression.
description: Published at ICLR 2022
Co-creating strategies for navigating multilevel policy dynamics to encourage SIE – reflections
Creators: name: Rogge, Karoline S.
name: Stadler, Maria
name: Broich, Annalena
name: de Geus, Tessa
name: Hielscher, Sabine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Social innovation is increasingly being recognised in policy making on different levels. However, to harness its full potential for accelerating sustainable energy transitions it is important to understand how policies impact diverse types of social innovation in energy. Therefore, Deliverable 8 provides guidance on how to better connect with and harness policy dynamics at different governance levels that are of relevance for social innovation in energy. This is done by offering reflections on a multi-level, multi-actor policy dialogue facilitated with SIE intermediaries, SONNET city partners and relevant policy makers from all governance levels. During the policy-dialogue, participants discussed how to better consider social innovation in energy in the proposed Fit for 55 package. The recording of the policy dialogue was provided by ICLEI and can be found here: Social Innovation meets Fit for 55
Efficacy of using spectral induced polarization (SIP) for the detection of PFAS in a contaminated source zone
Creators: name: Siegenthaler, Ethan
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: There is a pressing need for the development of field-scale, in situ screening technologies for assessing variations in aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) concentrations in soils at former fire training and storage sites. Field-scale Spectral Induced Polarization (SIP) geophysical measurements were acquired on a transect crossing an AFFF source zone. Soil samples were acquired from ten locations and used to determine variations in poly- and per-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) concentrations in soils and soil texture. These samples were also used to create triplicate soil columns for laboratory-grade SIP measurements. Field and laboratory observations provided evidence that SIP measurements are sensitive to the concentration of AFFF constituents associated with the pore surface in soils. The phase of the SIP measurements on the laboratory samples was linearly correlated with total soil-sorbed PFAS concentration. The phase from the field SIP measurements was highest over the location of maximum PFAS concentration measured on the laboratory samples, although a significant correlation between field-measured phase and laboratory-measured total PFAS concentration was subtle when testing low concentrations of PFAS (2421 ppb and below). The sensitivity of the SIP response to the removal of soil PFAS using a methanol wash procedure (total PFAS concentration drop of 366 ppb) adds evidence for the case for SIP characterization of AFFF source zones. The results of these studies suggest that SIP might be developed into a field-scale technology for rapid, indirect assessment of AFFF source zones. Such a technology could improve the effectiveness of AFFF source zone characterization at reduced costs.
Cosmic Ray Origins: An Introduction
Creators: name: Blandford, Roger
name: Simeon, Paul
name: Yuan, Yajie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physicists have pondered the origin of cosmic rays for over a hundred years. However the last few years have seen an upsurge in the observation, progress in the theory and a genuine increase in the importance attached to the topic due to its intimate connection to the indirect detection of evidence for dark matter. The intent of this talk is to set the stage for the meeting by reviewing some of the basic features of the entire cosmic ray spectrum from GeV to ZeV energy and some of the models that have been developed. The connection will also be made to recent developments in understanding general astrophysical particle acceleration in pulsar wind nebulae, relativistic jets and gamma ray bursts. The prospects for future discoveries, which may elucidate the origin of cosmic rays, are bright.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, to appear in Proceedings of the "Cosmic Ray Origin - Beyond the Standard Models" International Conference, Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplement. Eds. O. Tibolla, L. Drury, M. Persic, S. Kaufmann, H. V\"olk, K. Mannheim and A. de Angelis
Pre-main sequence accretion and the formation of multiple populations in Globular Clusters
Creators: name: D'Antona, Francesca
name: Ventura, Paolo
name: Decressin, Thibaut
name: Vesperini, Enrico
name: D'Ercole, Annibale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the viability of a model in which the chemical anomalies among Globular Cluster stars are due to accretion of gas onto the protostellar discs of low mass stars. This model has been suggested as a way to reduce the large initial cluster masses required by other models for the formation of multiple stellar generations. We numerically follow the evolution of the accreting stars, and we show that the structure of the seed star does not remain fully convective for the whole duration of the accretion phase. Stellar populations showing discrete abundances of helium in the core, that seem to be present in some clusters, might be formed with this mechanism only if accretion occurs before the core of the stars become radiative (within 2-3Myr) or if a thermohaline instability is triggered, to achieve full mixing after the accretion phase ends. We also show that the lithium abundances in accreted structures may vary by orders of magnitude in equal masses obtained by accreting different masses. In addition, the same thermohaline mixing which could provide a homogeneous helium distribution down to the stellar center, would destroy any lithium surviving in the envelope, so that both helium homogeneity and lithium survival require that the accretion phase be limited to the first couple of million years of the cluster evolution. Such a short accretion phase strongly reduces the amount of processed matter available, and reintroduces the requirement of an extremely large initial mass for the protocluster.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures. Accepted for publication on Monthly Notices of the RAS
Metodi innovativi di Information Fusion per la crittografia
Creators: name: Elmo, Benedetto
Publisher: name: Universita degli studi di Salerno
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: MAT/02 ALGEBRA
subject: Crittografia
subject: Frattali

description: 2011 - 2012
description: Nel presente lavoro viene mostrato un sistema per realizzare un codice crittografico, che sia utilizzabile per garantire un alto livello di segretezza usando tecniche di Information Fusion (IF). Nel dettaglio, si è deciso di fondere due codici; uno generato tramite un algoritmo di crittografia a chiave pubblica e uno creato mediante l’utilizzo di formule matematiche innovative basate sui frattali. La tecnica di Information Fusion utilizzata è stata presentata in precedenza con un differente utilizzo ed opportune modifiche. Infatti, nel precedente lavoro, veniva creato un codice di accesso identificativo, mentre, in questo, viene generata una chiave crittografica fortemente casuale da utilizzare in ambito di cifratura. La scelta di utilizzare i frattali per generare una sequenza numerica da fondere con codici utilizzati nella cifratura a chiave pubblica è vincolata alla caratteristica randomica di tali strutture. Questo porta all’idea di utilizzare queste caratteristiche per applicazioni crittografiche quali One-Time-Pad. La tecnica di fusione modificata è denominato F&NIF (Fractal & Numerical Information Fusion). [a cura dell'Autore]
description: In this paper we want to show a system to realize a cryptography code. This system must ensure a high level of security using Information Fusion (IF) technique. In particular, we have decided to merge two codes generated by an algorithm of Public-key Cryptography and by fractals relations respectively. This IF method has been presented with a different use. In fact, in the previous paper, was created an identification access key but now we want to generate a very random Cryptography key to be used for encryption. The choice of using fractals to generate numbers to be fused with codes of Public-Key Cryptography, is due to the randomness of these structures. The idea is to use these features for cryptographic applications such as One-Time-Pad. The modified fusion technique is called F&NIF (Fractal & Numerical Information Fusion). [edited by Author]
Theory of ARPES in Graphene-Based Moiré Superlattices
Creators: name: Zhu, Jihang
name: Shi, Jingtian
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2021
Subjects: Graphene

description: Graphene-based moir´e superlattices are now established as an interesting platform for strongly- correlated many-electron physics, and have so far been characterized mainly by transport and scan- ning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements. Motivated by recent experimental progress, we present a theoretical model study whose aim is to assess the potential of angle-resolved photoemis- sion spectroscopy (ARPES) to resolve some of the many open issues in these systems. The theory is developed speciﬁcally for graphene on hexagonal boron nitride (G/hBN) and twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) moir´e superlattices, but is readily generalized to any system with active degrees of freedom in graphene sheets.
In Podcasts We Trust? A Brief Survey of Canadian Historical Podcasts
Creators: name: Picard, Nathalie
name: Marsillo, Cassandra
Publisher: name: N. Picard, M. Cassandra, In Podcasts We Trust? A Brief Survey of Canadian Historical Podcasts, «International Public History», 1, 2018, n. 2, pp. 1-6
Year: 2018
Subjects: Canadian public history
Podcasts
Canadian podcasts
Popular history

description: In this article, we highlight the exciting and growing historical podcast scene in Canada. We chose a variety of podcasts to represent the diverse institutions, communities and individuals who are telling histories through this medium. To represent popular history, we looked at Our Fake History a project that delves into historic mythologies and conspiracies. For the academic perspective, we looked at Active History, produced by Sean Graham of Carleton University, and at the museum-based podcast, Kitchen Stories, from the Jewish Archives of British Columbia, as an example of institutionally produced media. Community podcast The Nameless Collective and student-run podcast 3600 secondes d’histoire round out our survey. Each podcast shows a different approach to telling history, and allowed us to explore the issue of authority. Asking the question, “Can we trust historical podcasts?”, we examine how each podcasters establish their relationship to their audience, and conveys their expertise on the topics they discuss. Regardless of the perceived level of formal authority, from individual to institution supported podcaster, we found that trust was formed primarily through the intimate listening experience. Listeners are invested in keeping the podcasters accountable and therefore help produce trustworthy historical podcasts.
Collapse and Fragmentation of Magnetic Molecular Cloud Cores with the Enzo AMR MHD Code. II. Prolate and Oblate Cores
Creators: name: Boss, A. P.
name: Keiser, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a large suite of three-dimensional (3D) models of the collapse of magnetic molecular cloud cores using the adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) code Enzo2.2 in the ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) approximation. The cloud cores are initially either prolate or oblate, centrally condensed clouds with masses of 1.73 or 2.73 $M_\odot$, respectively. The radial density profiles are Gaussian, with central densities 20 times higher than boundary densities. A barotropic equation of state is used to represent the transition from low density, isothermal phases, to high density, optically thick phases. The initial magnetic field strength ranges from 6.3 to 100 $μ$G, corresponding to clouds that are strongly to marginally supercritical, respectively, in terms of the mass to magnetic flux ratio. The magnetic field is initially uniform and aligned with the clouds' rotation axes, with initial ratios of rotational to gravitational energy ranging from $10^{-4}$ to 0.1. Two significantly different outcomes for collapse result: (1) formation of single protostars with spiral arms, and (2) fragmentation into multiple protostar systems. The transition between these two outcomes depends primarily on the initial magnetic field strength, with fragmentation occurring for mass to flux ratios greater than about 14 times the critical ratio for prolate clouds. Oblate clouds typically fragment into several times more clumps than prolate clouds. Multiple, rather than binary, system formation is the general rule in either case, suggesting that binary stars are primarily the result of the orbital dissolution of multiple protostar systems.
description: 36 pages, 5 tables, 10 figures, ApJ, in press
The Role of Social Media in the Protest-Repression Nexus in Authoritarian Settings: A Scoping Literature Review
Creators: name: Aytalina Kulichkina
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Social Influence and Political Communication
subject: Social Media
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Communication Technology and New Media
subject: authoritarian context
subject: political protest
subject: preregistration
subject: repression
subject: scoping review
subject: social media
subject: systematic review

description: This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview and comparison of the existing literature on the role of social media in enabling and suppressing political protests within authoritarian contexts. This preregistration outlines the initial plan for conducting a scoping literature review of related empirical peer-reviewed articles from academic journals published between January 1997 and June 2023. Any modifications or updates to the preregistration will be recorded accordingly.