Experiencias de gestion de riesgos y crisis en la Union Europea
Creators: name: Bielza, Maria
name: Conte, Costanza
name: Dittmann, Cristoph
name: Gallego, Javier
name: Stroblmair, Josef
name: Bielza, Maria
name: Conte, Costanza
name: Dittmann, Cristoph
name: Gallego, Javier
name: Stroblmair, Josef
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: politica de gestion de riesgos
subject: seguro agrario
subject: fondos de calamidades
subject: ayudas ad hoc
subject: desastres naturales
subject: risk management policy
subject: agricultural insurance
subject: calamity funds
subject: ad-hoc aids

description: Los agricultores haven frente a una serie de riesgos que afectan a su renta y al bienestar de sus familias. Son principalmente riesgos relacionados con las condiciones climaticas, plagas y enfermedades, condiciones del mercado, politicas liberalizadores o cambio climatico. En los ultimos anos la Union Europea ha venido considerando la posible integracion de la gestion del riesgo en la Politica Agraria Comun y Esta analizando estrategias de gestion de riesgos y crisis para proporcionar una respuesta mas util a las crisis en el sector agrario. Este trabajo ofrece un examen de los sistemas de gestion del riesgo en Europa (EU27), con especial atencion a los eguros agarios. SE discuten los diferentes tipos de sistemas de seguros agarios que existen en Europa y las figuras clave en cada pais. Se destaca la relacion entre la implicacion del Gobierno y el desarrollo de los seguros. Por lo general las companias privadas aseguran solo el pedrisco e incendio, pero al aumentar el compromiso del gobierno en el seguro, el sistema de seguros ofrece coberturas mas amplias, posibilitando el aseguramiento de los riesgos sistemicos de la agricultura. La ayuda ex-post, con motivo de los desastres en la agricultura, se proporciona sobre una base ad hoc o a traves de programas compensatorios o de fondos de calamidad, que pueden ser parcialmente financiados por el sector agrario con caracter voluntario u obligatorio. Se resumen los pagos ad hoc y los de los fondos de calamidad en la mayor parte de los paises europeos y se comparan sus niveles. El nivel de aseguramiento existente es generalmente insuficiente para mitigar una reduccion significativa de la renta en anos desfavorables. Por lo tanto, cabe deducir que existe un potencial para un mayor desarrollo de los instrumentos de gestion del riesgo en los Estados mienmbros. Sin embargo, dada la heterogeneidad observada entre ellos, es discutible el interes por un sistemas armonizado de seguros en toda la UE. Podrian considerarse otras alternativas, tales como facilitar/subsidiar la formacion de bases de datos de la produccion/renta a nivel detallado (explotacion); promover reaseguros publicos; clarificar/homogeneizar el entramado legal; subsidiar parcialmente los sistemas que entren en dicho marco legal...Agricultural producers face a series of risks affecting the income and welfare of their household. These are mainly production risks related to weather conditions, pests and diseases, market conditions, liberalization policies, climate change, etc. In recent years the European Union has been considering a possible integration of risk management in the common agricultural policy and is analyzing risk and crisis management strategies to provide an improves response to crises in the agricultural sector. The paper makes a review of the agricultural risks management systems in Europe (EU27) with a special focus on agricultural insurances. The different types of agricultural insurance systems existing in Europe and key figures in each country are discussed. The relationship between Government involvement and insurance development is highlighted. usually, private companies insure only hail and fire, but as the government involvement in insurance increases, more comprehensive coverage is provided by the insurance system, becoming possibly the insuring of agricultural systemic risks. Ex-post aid to disasters in agriculture is given on an ad-hoc basis or through compensation schemes or calamity funds, which can be partially financed by the agricultural sector on a voluntary or compulsory basis. Payments ad-hoc and from calamity funds in most European countries are summarized and their levels are compared. The existing insurance level is generally insufficient to smooth significant income reduction in bad years. Thus, there is a potential for further developing the risk management tools available in the MS. However, given the MS's heterogeneity, the interest of a harmonized EU-wide system of agricultural insurances is debatable. Other alternatives could be considered, such as facilitating/subsidizing the composition of yield/income databases at a detailed level (farm); promoting public reinsurance; clarifying/homogenizing the legal framework; partially subsidizing national systems which are within the framework.