cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
DeepFN: Towards Generalizable Facial Action Unit Recognition with Deep Face Normalization
Creators: name: Hernandez, Javier
name: McDuff, Daniel
name: Ognjen
name: Rudovic
name: Fung, Alberto
name: Czerwinski, Mary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Facial action unit recognition has many applications from market research to psychotherapy and from image captioning to entertainment. Despite its recent progress, deployment of these models has been impeded due to their limited generalization to unseen people and demographics. This work conducts an in-depth analysis of performance across several dimensions: individuals(40 subjects), genders (male and female), skin types (darker and lighter), and databases (BP4D and DISFA). To help suppress the variance in data, we use the notion of self-supervised denoising autoencoders to design a method for deep face normalization(DeepFN) that transfers facial expressions of different people onto a common facial template which is then used to train and evaluate facial action recognition models. We show that person-independent models yield significantly lower performance (55% average F1 and accuracy across 40 subjects) than person-dependent models (60.3%), leading to a generalization gap of 5.3%. However, normalizing the data with the newly introduced DeepFN significantly increased the performance of person-independent models (59.6%), effectively reducing the gap. Similarly, we observed generalization gaps when considering gender (2.4%), skin type (5.3%), and dataset (9.4%), which were significantly reduced with the use of DeepFN. These findings represent an important step towards the creation of more generalizable facial action unit recognition systems.
Epidemiology of neurocognitive disorders in adults from urban-marginalized areas: a door-to-door population-based study in Puente Piedra, Lima, Peru
Creators: name: Chang, Alexandra
name: Villafuerte, Mirla
name: Custodio, Nilton
name: Herrera-Perez, Eder
name: Diaz, Monica
name: Lanata, Serggio
name: Montesinos, Rosa
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media
Year: 2023

description: BackgroundIn Latin America (LA), the prevalence of dementia is expected to triple to 150 million people by 2050. The 2020 Lancet Commission report identified several modifiable dementia risk factors, yet few social and environmental factors, most relevant to vulnerable regions of LA, were highlighted in this report. We sought to assess the epidemiology of neurocognitive disorders (NCD) in Puente Piedra, one of the most socially and economically vulnerable districts of Lima, the capital of Peru.MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional door-to-door observational study that used two-stage household sampling. One young adult (30–59 years) and one older adult (>60 years) per household were enrolled. We collected demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive data. Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination (young adults) and the RUDAS-PE (older adults) were used, classifying participants as cognitively normal, possible mild NCD, or possible major NCD.ResultsWe enrolled 247 participants (median age 46 years; 67% female). One-fourth had not completed secondary school and more than 50% completed only secondary school. Most participants were housewives (46%) and 21% did not have health insurance. The overall prevalence of possible NCD was 30% (25.6 and 41.8% among younger adults and older adults, respectively). Among younger adults, those ages 55–59 years more frequently had NCD (70%) compared to younger age ranges. Among older adults, only 3 subjects (4.5%) had major NCD.ConclusionWe found a high frequency of possible NCDs in a socially and economically vulnerable community in Lima, Peru, with younger adults showing levels of NCD higher than expected. Our findings support the need for health systems to incorporate cognitive screenings programs for NCD in younger ages. Future research on NCD would include younger populations, particularly in vulnerable communities.
Additional file 2: of Transcultural adaptation and psychometric study of the French version of the nursing home survey on patient safety culture questionnaire
Creators: name: TeignĂŠ, Delphine
name: Mabileau, Guillaume
name: Anthoine, Emmanuelle
name: Lucas, Marion
name: LeclĂ¨Re, Brice
name: Moret, Leila
name: NoĂŠmie Terrien
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Inter-correlations across the 7 final dimensions retained. (PDF 91 kb)
Additional file 1 of Effect of adolescent female fertility and healthcare spending on maternal and neonatal mortality in low resource setting of South Asia
Creators: name: Roy, Shongkour
name: Khatun, Tanjina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. The definition of selected variables.
Evolutionary consequences of nascent multicellular life cycles
Creators: name: Reinhardt, Emma
name: MacGillivray, Kathryn
name: Libby, Eric
name: DuBose, James G
name: Pentz, Jennifer T
name: Conlin, Peter L
name: Ratcliff, William C
Publisher: name: eLife
Year: 2023

description: A key step in the evolutionary transition to multicellularity is the origin of multicellular groups as biological individuals capable of adaptation. Comparative work, supported by theory, suggests clonal development should facilitate this transition, although this hypothesis has never been tested in a single model system. We evolved 20 replicate populations of otherwise isogenic clonally reproducing ‘snowflake’ yeast (Δace2/∆ace2) and aggregative ‘floc’ yeast (GAL1p::FLO1 /GAL1p::FLO1) with daily selection for rapid growth in liquid media, which favors faster cell division, followed by selection for rapid sedimentation, which favors larger multicellular groups. While both genotypes adapted to this regime, growing faster and having higher survival during the group-selection phase, there was a stark difference in evolutionary dynamics. Aggregative floc yeast obtained nearly all their increased fitness from faster growth, not improved group survival; indicating that selection acted primarily at the level of cells. In contrast, clonal snowflake yeast mainly benefited from higher group-dependent fitness, indicating a shift in the level of Darwinian individuality from cells to groups. Through genome sequencing and mathematical modeling, we show that the genetic bottlenecks in a clonal life cycle also drive much higher rates of genetic drift—a result with complex implications for this evolutionary transition. Our results highlight the central role that early multicellular life cycles play in the process of multicellular adaptation.
Non-invasive diagnosis of subpulmonary outflow tract obstruction.
Creators: name: Mills, P.
name: Leech, G.
name: Wolfe, C.
name: Leatham, A.
name: Craige, E.
name: Redwood, D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1980

description: We have studied the echocardiographic and phonocardiographic findings in 18 patients with obstruction to ventricular outflow at subpulmonary valve level. The aetiology was congenital in 13 patients, a result of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in three, and infiltration of the right ventricular outflow tract by glycogen or lymphoma in the remaining two. Abnormal systolic motion of the pulmonary valve, fluttering, and early or midsystolic closure were seen in 16 of 17 patients in whom the cusps were visualised. Normal pulmonary valve motion was found in one patient with coexisting pulmonary valve stenosis. In congenital infundibular stenosis the delay of the pulmonary component of the second heart sound (P2) was related to the severity of the obstruction. A pulmonary ejection sound, defined as a high-frequency sound occurring at the moment of full pulmonary valve opening, was absent except in the patient with coexisting pulmonary valve stenosis. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obstruction to the right ventricular outflow, the ejection systolic murmur was softer with inspiration, a finding that contrasts with the respiratory variation seen with fixed obstruction. Recognition of these abnormalities should allow an accurate non-invasive diagnosis to be made and permit assessment of severity when P2 can be recorded.
A semilinear elliptic equation with a mild singularity at $u=0$: existence and homogenization
Creators: name: Giachetti, Daniela
name: Martínez-Aparicio, Pedro J.
name: Murat, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we consider semilinear elliptic equations with singularities, whose prototype is the following \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} \displaystyle - div \,A(x) D u = f(x)g(u)+l(x)& \mbox{in} \; Ω,\\ u = 0 & \mbox{on} \; \partial Ω,\\ \end{cases} \end{equation*} where $Ω$ is an open bounded set of $\mathbb{R}^N,\, N\geq 1$, $A\in L^\infty(Ω)^{N\times N}$ is a coercive matrix, $g:[0,+\infty)\rightarrow [0,+\infty]$ is continuous, and $0\leq g(s)\leq {{1}\over{s^γ}}+1$ $\forall s>0$, with $01$ if $N=2$, $r=1$ if $N=1$, $f(x), l(x)\geq 0$ a.e. $x \in Ω$. We prove the existence of at least one nonnegative solution and a stability result; moreover uniqueness is also proved if $g(s)$ is nonincreasing or "almost nonincreasing". Finally, we study the homogenization of these equations posed in a sequence of domains $Ω^ε$ obtained by removing many small holes from a fixed domain $Ω$.
Aortic atresia with double inlet left ventricle, rudimentary left sided right ventricle, and ventriculoarterial discordance.
Creators: name: Harned Jr., H. S.
name: Bullaboy, C. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: Aortic atresia associated with ventriculoarterial discordance (transposition) was found at necropsy in a 3 month old neonate. This is a rare association.
C0VID-19 Testing Platforms - A Review of Latest Commercialization Efforts
Creators: name: Pandey, Santosh
name: Park, Yunsoo
name: Benda, Ashler
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Clinical chemistry (incl. diagnostics)
subject: Clinical sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Clinical microbiology
subject: Clinimetrics
subject: Diagnostic radiography
subject: Infectious diseases
subject: Orthopaedics
subject: Rural clinical health
subject: Applied immunology (incl. antibody engineering, xenotransplantation and t-cell therapies)
subject: Allergy
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Autoimmunity
subject: Humoural immunology and immunochemistry
subject: Immunogenetics (incl. genetic immunology)
subject: Innate immunity
subject: Immunology not elsewhere classified

description: This review delves into the existing in vitro technology platforms for COVID-19 testing and diagnostics—molecular tests and rapid antigen tests, serology or antibody tests, and tests for the management of COVID-19 patients—that have been granted emergency use authorization by the FDA to detect and diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infections. We also consider different strategies for scaled-up and faster screening, such as pooled testing, screening programs, and surveillance testing. However, the key challenge lies in finding solutions to make testing more widely accessible by detecting subtle infectivity profiles, mapping the transmission dynamics of new variants, reducing costs, training a larger healthcare workforce, and providing test kits to the masses. Our aim is to establish universal access to COVID-19 testing and diagnostics, recognizing the tradeoffs during the development and distribution cycles of new testing platforms.
 Benda, A.; Zerajic, L.; Ankita, A.; Cleary, E.; Park, Y.; Pandey, S. COVID-19 Testing and Diagnostics: A Review of Commercialized Technologies for Cost, Convenience and Quality of Tests. Sensors 2021, 21, 6581. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21196581
On Co-Maximal Subgroup Graph of a Group
Creators: name: Das, Angsuman
name: Saha, Manideepa
name: Al-Kaseasbeh, Saba
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C25, 05E16, 20D10, 20D15

description: The co-maximal subgroup graph $Γ(G)$ of a group $G$ is a graph whose vertices are non-trivial proper subgroups of $G$ and two vertices $H$ and $K$ are adjacent if $HK=G$. In this paper, we continue the study of $Γ(G)$, especially when $Γ(G)$ has isolated vertices. We define a new graph $Γ^*(G)$, which is obtained by removing isolated vertices from $Γ(G)$. We characterize when $Γ^*(G)$ is connected, a complete graph, star graph, has an universal vertex etc. We also find various graph parameters like diameter, girth, bipartiteness etc. in terms of properties of $G$.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Exploring intersectional stigma and COVID-19 impact on human immunodeficiency virus service provision for African Americans in a Southern city
Creators: name: Aikhuele E.O.
name: Aimone E.V.
name: Maragh-Bass A.C.
name: Macqueen K.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2023

description: Aims/objectives: Through interviews with clinical service providers, we explored stigma's impact on HIV service provision for African Americans during COVID-19. Background: African Americans experience disproportionate rates of HIV and COVID-19. We explored COVID-19's impact on HIV services for African American adults in a Southern city. Design: The study was qualitative and observational. Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted (n = 11) across two healthcare centres and two community-based organisations and thematically analysed using phenomenological approaches by two coders. Interviews explored pre- and post-COVID-19 service provision and parallels between COVID-19 and HIV, particularly as related to stigma. The COREQ checklist was utilised to ensure research quality. Results: According to the providers interviewed, all providers offered HIV prevention/treatment, but PrEP and preventive services diminished greatly early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Successful transition to telehealth depended on existing telehealth use. Challenges exacerbated by COVID-19 included food/housing insecurity and physical distancing constraints. Clients' COVID-19 informational needs shifted from concerns to vaccine requests over time. Interviewees stated HIV and COVID-19 both carry ‘risk taking’; however, HIV risk was more physically intimate than COVID-19. Notably, some providers used stigmatising language referring to clients with HIV/COVID and omitted person-centred language. Conclusions: Findings suggest need to address challenges in telehealth to improve client experiences now and for future pandemics. More research is needed to examine intersectional stigmatisation of COVID-19 and HIV for African Americans to design person-centred counselling interventions. Relevance to Clinical Practice: Results demonstrate need for provider training to reframe stigma discussions using client centeredness, educating African Americans on HIV and COVID-19 prevention, and coordination with local organisations to address multiple care needs. Patient/Public Contribution: This research highlights needs of clients based on the views of healthcare providers caring for predominantly African American communities in a Southern city. However, no patients, service users, caregivers or members of the public were directly involved in this study.
Random geometric graphs with general connection functions
Creators: name: Dettmann, Carl P.
name: Georgiou, Orestis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the original (1961) Gilbert model of random geometric graphs, nodes are placed according to a Poisson point process, and links formed between those within a fixed range. Motivated by wireless ad-hoc networks "soft" or "probabilistic" connection models have recently been introduced, involving a "connection function" H(r) that gives the probability that two nodes at distance r are linked (directly connect). In many applications (not only wireless networks), it is desirable that the graph is connected, that is every node is linked to every other node in a multihop fashion. Here, the connection probability of a dense network in a convex domain in two or three dimensions is expressed in terms of contributions from boundary components, for a very general class of connection functions. It turns out that only a few quantities such as moments of the connection function appear. Good agreement is found with special cases from previous studies and with numerical simulations.
description: 16 pages; improved figures and minor edits
Marking hypoxic cells for complement and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated lysis: using pimonidazole.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: Artificial antigens are created when 2-nitroimidazoles bind to hypoxic cells. These antigens have been used in the immunodetection of tumour hypoxia but they might also serve to stimulate immune lysis of hypoxic tumour cells by complement- and cell-mediated processes. In order to test this hypothesis, lymphocytes isolated from the spleens of C3H/HeN mice that had been immunised with pimonidazole-labelled 3152-PRO cells were subcultured and tested for their ability to lyse chromium-51 loaded, pimonidazole-labelled 3152-PRO cells in an in vitro assay. In a parallel study, commercially available, rabbit complement was tested for its ability to lyse pimonidazole-labelled V79-4 cells in the presence of monoclonal antibodies which recognise protein adducts of reductively activated pimonidazole. Complement-mediated cell lysis was measured by means of an MTT assay. Complement-mediated and cell-mediated lysis was observed at pimonidazole concentrations which, in themselves, do not produce cell killing.
Health Impairments in Children and Adolescents After Hospitalization for Acute COVID-19 or MIS-C
Creators: name: Berbert L.
name: Nofziger R.A.
name: Newhams M.M.
name: Weller E.
name: Kucukak S.
name: Fitzgerald J.C.
name: Staat M.A.
name: He J.
name: Zambrano L.D.
name: Levy E.R.
name: Rowan C.M.
name: Flori H.
name: Walker T.C.
name: Chen S.R.
name: Schuster J.E.
name: Cullimore M.L.
name: Gertz S.J.
name: Gaspers M.G.
name: Miller K.
name: Campbell A.P.
name: Hume J.R.
name: FitzGerald M.M.
name: Feldstein L.R.
name: Shein S.L.
name: Tarquinio K.M.
name: Patel M.M.
name: Maddux A.B.
name: Loftis L.L.
name: Crandall H.
name: Cvijanovich N.Z.
name: Schwartz S.P.
name: Zinter M.S.
name: Mack E.H.
name: Young C.C.
name: Irby K.
name: Halasa N.B.
name: Kong M.
name: Hobbs C.V.
name: Randolph A.G.
name: Tenforde M.W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate risk factors for postdischarge sequelae in children and adolescents hospitalized for acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). METHODS: Multicenter prospective cohort study conducted in 25 United States pediatric hospitals. Patients <21-years-old, hospitalized May 2020 to May 2021 for acute COVID-19 or MIS-C with follow-up 2 to 4 months after admission. We assessed readmissions, persistent symptoms or activity impairment, and new morbidities. Multivariable regression was used to calculate adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: Of 358 eligible patients, 2 to 4 month survey data were available for 119 of 155 (76.8%) with acute COVID-19 and 160 of 203 (78.8%) with MIS-C. Thirteen (11%) patients with acute COVID-19 and 12 (8%) with MIS-C had a readmission. Thirty-two (26.9%) patients with acute COVID-19 had persistent symptoms (22.7%) or activity impairment (14.3%) and 48 (30.0%) with MIS-C had persistent symptoms (20.0%) or activity impairment (21.3%). For patients with acute COVID-19, persistent symptoms (aRR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.04-1.59]) and activity impairment (aRR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.06-1.78]) were associated with more organ systems involved. Patients with MIS-C and pre-existing respiratory conditions more frequently had persistent symptoms (aRR, 3.09 [95% CI, 1.55-6.14]) and those with obesity more frequently had activity impairment (aRR, 2.52 [95% CI, 1.35-4.69]). New morbidities were infrequent (9% COVID-19, 1% MIS-C). CONCLUSIONS: Over 1 in 4 children hospitalized with acute COVID-19 or MIS-C experienced persistent symptoms or activity impairment for at least 2 months. Patients with MIS-C and respiratory conditions or obesity are at higher risk of prolonged recovery.
New fermionic soft theorems
Creators: name: Chen, Wei-Ming
name: Huang, Yu-tin
name: Wen, Congkao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft limits of massless S-matrix are known to reflect symmetries of the theory. In particular for theories with Goldstone bosons, the double-soft limit of scalars reveals the coset structure of the vacuum manifold. In this letter, we propose that such universal double-soft behavior is not only true for scalars, but also for spin-1/2 particles in four dimensions and fermions in three dimensions. We first consider Akulov-Volkov theory, and demonstrate the double soft-limit of goldstinos yields the supersymmetry algebra. More surprisingly we also find amplitudes in 3
description: 5 pages, V2 typos fixed published version
How to increase and maintain high immunization coverage: Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework
Creators: name: Ozawa S.
name: Nakamura T.
name: Yemeke T.T.
name: MacDonald N.E.
name: Lee Y.-F.A.
name: Schuh H.B.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2023

description: Background: Resilience in vaccination demand is ever more critical as the COVID-19 pandemic has increased our understanding of the importance of vaccines on health and well-being. Yet timid demand for COVID-19 vaccines where available and reduced uptake of routine immunizations globally further raise the urgent need to build vaccination resilience. We demonstrate the complexity of vaccination demand and resilience in a framework where relevant dimensions are intertwined, fluid, and contextual. Methods: We developed the Vaccination Demand Resilience (VDR) framework based on a literature review on vaccination demand and expert consultation. The matrix framework builds on three main axes: 1) vaccination attitudes and beliefs; 2) vaccination seeking behavior; and 3) vaccination status. The matrix generated eight quadrants, which can help explain people's levels of vaccination demand and resilience. We selected four scenarios as examples to demonstrate different interventions that could move people across quadrants and build vaccination resilience. Results: Incongruence between individuals’ attitudes and beliefs, vaccination behavior, and vaccination status can arise. For example, an individual can be vaccinated due to mandates but reject vaccination benefits and otherwise avoid seeking vaccination. Such incongruence could be altered by interventions to build resilience in vaccination demand. These interventions include information, education and communication to change individuals' vaccination attitudes and beliefs, incentive programs and reminder-recalls to facilitate vaccination seeking, or by strengthening healthcare provider communications to reduce missed opportunities. Conclusions: Vaccination decision-making is complex. Individuals can be vaccinated without necessarily accepting the benefits of vaccination or seeking vaccination, threatening resilience in vaccination demand. The VDR framework can provide a useful lens for program managers and policy makers considering interventions and policies to improve vaccination resilience. This would help build and sustain confidence and demand for vaccinations, and help to continue to prevent disease, disability, and death from vaccine-preventable diseases.
Universal characteristics of one-dimensional non-Hermitian superconductors
Creators: name: Cao, Yang
name: Li, Yang
name: Chen, Yuanping
name: Yang, Xiaosen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish a non-Bloch band theory for one-dimensional(1D) non-Hermitian topological superconductors. The universal physical properties of non-Hermitian topological superconductors are revealed based on the theory. According to the particle-hole symmetry, there exist reciprocal particle and hole loops of generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ). The critical point of quantum phase transition, where the energy gap closes, appears when the particle and hole loops intersect and their values of GBZ satisfy |β| = 1. If the non-Hermitian system has skin modes, these modes should be Z2 style, i.e., the corresponding eigenstates of particle and hole localize at opposite ends of an open chain, respectively. The non-Bloch band theory is applied to two examples, non-Hermitian p- and s-wave topological superconductors. Topological phase transitions occur at β_{c}= \pm 1 in the two systems. In terms of Majorana Pfaffian, a Z2 non-Bloch topological invariant is defined to establish the non-Hermitian bulk-boundary correspondence in non-Hermitian superconductors.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Retrospective Single-Center Case Study of Clinical Variables and the Degree of Actinic Elastosis Associated with Rare Skin Cancers
Creators: name: Drexler, Konstantin
name: Bollmann, Lara
name: Karrer, Sigrid
name: Berneburg, Mark
name: Haferkamp, Sebastian
name: Niebel, Dennis
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: atypical fibroxanthoma; pleomorphic dermal sarcoma; dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans; Merkel cell carcinoma; Kaposi sarcoma; leiomyosarcoma
subject: 610 Medizin

description: (1) Background: Rare skin cancers include epithelial, neuroendocrine, and hematopoietic
neoplasias as well as cutaneous sarcomas. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and sunburns are important
drivers for the incidence of certain cutaneous sarcomas; however, the pathogenetic role of UV
light is less clear in rare skin cancers compared to keratinocyte cancer and melanoma. In this
study, we compared the degree of actinic elastosis (AE) as a surrogate for lifetime UV exposure
among selected rare skin cancers (atypical fibroxanthoma [AFX], pleomorphic dermal sarcoma
[PDS], dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans [DFSP], Kaposi sarcoma [KS], Merkel cell carcinoma [MCC],
and leiomyosarcoma [LMS]) while taking into account relevant clinical variables (age, sex, and
body site). (2) Methods: We newly established a semi-quantitative score for the degree of AE
ranging from 0 = none to 3 = total loss of elastic fibers (basophilic degeneration) and multiplied
it by the perilesional vertical extent (depth), measured histometrically (tumor-associated elastosis
grade (TEG)).We matched the TEG of n = 210 rare skin cancers from 210 patients with their clinical
variables. (3) Results: TEG values were correlated with age and whether tumors arose on UV-exposed
body sites. TEG values were significantly higher in AFX and PDS cases compared to all other
analyzed rare skin cancer types. As expected, TEG values were low in DFSP and KS, while MCC
cases exhibited intermediate TEG values. (4) Conclusions: High cumulative UV exposure is more
strongly associated with AFX/PDS and MCC than with other rare skin cancers. These important
results expand the available data associated with rare skin cancers while also offering insight into
the value of differentiating among these tumor types based on their relationship with sun exposure,
potentially informing preventative, diagnostic and/or therapeutic approaches.
Agricultural Post-War Programs
Creators: name: Smith, Raymond C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1943
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpts: New activities included within the post-war program for this year are the following: Production Adjustments in Agriculture During the Demobilization Period -- Programs for Marketing and Distribution During the Demobilization Period -- Industry in Rural Areas -- Disposition of Land Temporarily Used by Military Forces and War Plants -- Opportunities for Settlers on Land After the War -- Tenure -- Credit -- Social Security for Farm People -- Education, Information, and Special Services for Farmers and Other Groups Participating in Developing Post-war Programs.
description: Address by Raymond C. Smith, Chief Program Analyst, Bureau of Agricultural Economics and Chairman of the Department Interbureau Committee on Post-war Programs, at the 21st Annual Agricultural Outlook Conference, Washington, D C., October 20, 1943.
Tubal ligation and risk of breast cancer
Creators: name: Brinton, L A
name: Coates, R J
name: Hoover, R N
name: Gammon, M D
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Although it has been demonstrated in previous studies that tubal ligation can have widespread effects on ovarian function, including a decrease in the risk of subsequent ovarian cancer, few studies have evaluated effects on breast cancer risk. In a population-based case–control study of breast cancer among women 20–54 years of age conducted in three geographic areas, previous tubal ligations were reported by 25.3% of the 2173 cases and 25.8% of the 1990 controls. Initially it appeared that tubal ligations might impart a slight reduction in risk, particularly among women undergoing the procedure at young ages (< 25 years). However, women were more likely to have had the procedure if they were black, less educated, young when they bore their first child, or multiparous. After accounting for these factors, tubal ligations were unrelated to breast cancer risk (relative risk (RR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.9–1.3), with no variation in risk by age at, interval since, or calendar year of the procedure. The relationship of tubal ligations to risk did not vary according to the presence of a number of other risk factors, including menopausal status or screening history. Furthermore, effects of tubal ligation were similar for all stages at breast cancer diagnosis. Further studies would be worthwhile given the biologic plausibility of an association. However, future investigations should include information on type of procedure performed (since this may relate to biologic effects) as well as other breast cancer risk factors. © 2000 Cancer Research Campaign
Large unavoidable subtournaments
Creators: name: Long, Eoin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C20, 05D10

description: Let $D_k$ denote the tournament on $3k$ vertices consisting of three disjoint vertex classes $V_1, V_2$ and $V_3$ of size $k$, each of which is oriented as a transitive subtournament, and with edges directed from $V_1$ to $V_2$, from $V_2$ to $V_3$ and from $V_3$ to $V_1$. Fox and Sudakov proved that given a natural number $k$ and $ε> 0$ there is $n_0(k,ε)$ such that every tournament of order $n_0(k,ε)$ which is $ε$-far from being transitive contains $D_k$ as a subtournament. Their proof showed that $n_0(k,ε) \leq ε^{-O(k/ε^2)}$ and they conjectured that this could be reduced to $n_0(k,ε) \leq ε^{-O(k)}$. Here we prove this conjecture.
description: 9 pages
Additional file 1 of Genetic targeting or pharmacological inhibition of galectin-3 dampens microglia reactivity and delays retinal degeneration
Creators: name: Tabel, Mona
name: Wolf, Anne
name: Szczepan, Manon
name: Xu, Heping
name: Jägle, Herbert
name: Moehle, Christoph
name: Chen, Mei
name: Langmann, Thomas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Figures 1–4.
In focus: perplexing increase of urinary stone disease in children, adolescent and young adult women and its economic impact
Creators: name: Razvi, Hassan
name: Filler, Guido
name: Jain, Nina
name: Gilleskie, Donna
name: Gilliland, Jason
name: Hatch, Joseph E.
name: Coulson, Sherry
name: Burton, Jeremy
name: Ross, Sherry
name: Bjazevic, Jennifer
name: Diaz-Gonzalez de Ferris, Maria E.
name: Fearrington, Loretta
name: Bhayana, Vipin
name: Dave, Sumit
name: Viprakasit, Davis
name: Denstedt, John
name: Wang, Peter
name: Sultan, Nabil
name: McClure, J. Andrew
name: Ritter, Victor
name: Lin, Feng-Chang
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media
Year: 2023

description: Background Urinary stone disease (USD) historically has affected older men, but studies suggest recent increases in women, leading to a near identical sex incidence ratio. USD incidence has doubled every 10 years, with disproportionate increases amongst children, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) women. USD stone composition in women is frequently apatite (calcium phosphate), which forms in a higher urine pH, low urinary citrate, and an abundance of urinary uric acid, while men produce more calcium oxalate stones. The reasons for this epidemiological trend are unknown. Methods This perspective presents the extent of USD with data from a Canadian Province and a North American institution, explanations for these findings and offers potential solutions to decrease this trend. We describe the economic impact of USD. Findings There was a significant increase of 46% in overall surgical interventions for USD in Ontario. The incidence rose from 47.0/100,000 in 2002 to 68.7/100,000 population in 2016. In a single United States institution, the overall USD annual unique patient count rose from 10,612 to 17,706 from 2015 to 2019, and the proportion of women with USD was much higher than expected. In the 10–17-year-old patients, 50.1% were girls; with 57.5% in the 18–34 age group and 53.6% in the 35–44 age group. The roles of obesity, diet, hormones, environmental factors, infections, and antibiotics, as well as the economic impact, are discussed. Interpretation We confirm the significant increase in USD among women. We offer potential explanations for this sex disparity, including microbiological and pathophysiological aspects. We also outline innovative solutions – that may require steps beyond typical preventive and treatment recommendations.
$Γ$-graphic delta-matroids and their applications
Creators: name: Kim, Donggyu
name: Lee, Duksang
name: Oum, Sang-il
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.2
subject: 05C22, 05C50, 05C85, 05B35

description: For an abelian group $Γ$, a $Γ$-labelled graph is a graph whose vertices are labelled by elements of $Γ$. We prove that a certain collection of edge sets of a $Γ$-labelled graph forms a delta-matroid, which we call a $Γ$-graphic delta-matroid, and provide a polynomial-time algorithm to solve the separation problem, which allows us to apply the symmetric greedy algorithm of Bouchet to find a maximum weight feasible set in such a delta-matroid. We present two algorithmic applications on graphs; Maximum Weight Packing of Trees of Order Not Divisible by $k$ and Maximum Weight $S$-Tree Packing. We also discuss various properties of $Γ$-graphic delta-matroids.
description: 16 pages, 2 figures
Inferred Attractiveness: A generalized mechanism for sexual selection that can maintain variation in traits and preferences over time
Creators: name: Servedio M.R.
name: Fitzpatrick C.L.
name: Hobson E.A.
name: DuVal E.H.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2023

description: Sexual selection by mate choice is a powerful force that can lead to evolutionary change, and models of why females choose particular mates are central to understanding its effects. Predominant mate choice theories assume preferences are determined solely by genetic inheritance, an assumption still lacking widespread support. Moreover, preferences often vary among individuals or populations, fail to correspond with conspicuous male traits, or change with context, patterns not predicted by dominant models. Here, we propose a new model that explains this mate choice complexity with one general hypothesized mechanism, “Inferred Attractiveness.” In this model, females acquire mating preferences by observing others’ choices and use context-dependent information to infer which traits are attractive. They learn to prefer the feature of a chosen male that most distinguishes him from other available males. Over generations, this process produces repeated population-level switches in preference and maintains male trait variation. When viability selection is strong, Inferred Attractiveness produces population-wide adaptive preferences superficially resembling “good genes.” However, it results in widespread preference variation or nonadaptive preferences under other predictable circumstances. By casting the female brain as the central selective agent, Inferred Attractiveness captures novel and dynamic aspects of sexual selection and reconciles inconsistencies between mate choice theory and observed behavior.
Thompson-like groups, Reidemeister numbers, and fixed points
Creators: name: de Araujo, Paula Macedo Lins
name: de Oliveira-Tosti, Altair Santos
name: Rego, Yuri Santos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20E36, 20J05 (Primary) 55M20, 57S05 (Secondary)

description: We investigate fixed-point properties of automorphisms of groups similar to R. Thompson's group $F$. Revisiting work of Gonçalves-Kochloukova, we deduce a cohomological criterion to detect infinite fixed-point sets in the abelianization, implying the so-called property $R_\infty$. Using the BNS $Σ$-invariant and drawing from works of Gonçalves-Sankaran-Strebel and Zaremsky, we show that our tool applies to many $F$-like groups, including Stein's $F_{2,3}$, Cleary's $F_τ$, the Lodha-Moore groups, and the braided version of $F$.
description: v3: 25 pages, 4 figures; Incorporated referees' suggestions, corrected Proposition 2.7, included new remarks. Final version, to appear in Geometriae Dedicata
Navigable Networks as Nash Equilibria of Navigation Games
Creators: name: Gulyás, András
name: Bíró, József
name: Kőrösi, Attila
name: Rétvári, Gábor
name: Krioukov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The common sense suggests that networks are not random mazes of purposeless connections, but that these connections are organised so that networks can perform their functions well. One function common to many networks is targeted transport or navigation. Using game theory, here we show that minimalistic networks designed to maximise the navigation efficiency at minimal cost share basic structural properties with real networks. These idealistic networks are Nash equilibria of a network construction game whose purpose is to find an optimal trade-off between the network cost and navigability. We show that these skeletons are present in the Internet, metabolic, English word, US airport, Hungarian road networks, and in a structural network of the human brain. The knowledge of these skeletons allows one to identify the minimal number of edges by altering which one can efficiently improve or paralyse navigation in the network.
description: 40 pages, 17 figures
Additional file 1 of Using social media data in diabetes care: bridging the conceptual gap between health providers and the network population
Creators: name: Wang, Ru-Hsueh
name: Hong, Yu-Wen
name: Li, Chia-Chun
name: Li, Siao-Ling
name: Liu, Jenn-Long
name: Wu, Chih-Hsing
name: Chiu, Ching-Ju
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. The keywords related to the AADE7 aspects. Supplementary Table S2. The sentiment scores of Sentiment analysis. Supplementary Table S3. The content of the other four aspects. Supplementary Figure S1. Word cloud analysis of the top three aspects of interest.
Interpreting growth hormone and IGF-I results using modern assays and reference ranges for the monitoring of treatment effectiveness in acromegaly
Creators: name: Clemmons, David R.
name: Bidlingmaier, Martin
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media
Year: 2023

description: Standard treatment for acromegaly focuses on the achievement of target absolute levels of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I). The appropriateness of these targets when measured using modern assay methods is not well defined. This paper reviews biochemical status assessed using methods available at the time and associated clinical outcomes. GH measurements were shown to provide an indication of changes in tumor size, and failure of GH suppression after glucose stimulation is associated with tumor recurrence. IGF-I levels were more closely associated with changes in symptoms and signs. Reduced GH and IGF-I concentrations were shown to be associated with increased longevity, although the degree of increase has only been analyzed for GH. Lowering of GH and IGF-I has consistently been associated with improved outcomes; however, absolute levels reported in previous studies were based on results from methods and reference ranges that are now obsolete. Applying previously described absolute thresholds as targets (e.g. “normal” IGF-I level) when using current methods are best applied to those with active acromegaly symptoms who could benefit from further lowering of biochemical markers. In asymptomatic individuals with mild IGF-I or GH elevations, targeting biochemical “normalization” would result in the need for combination pharmacotherapy in many patients without proven benefit. Measurement of both GH and IGF-I remains an essential component of diagnosis and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment in acromegaly; however, treatment goals based only on previously identified absolute thresholds are not appropriate without taking into account the assay and reference ranges being employed. Treatment goals should be individualized considering biochemical improvement from an untreated baseline, symptoms of disease, risks, burdens and costs of complex treatment regimens, comorbidities, and quality of life.
IPBES invasive alien species assessment, data management report for Chapter 3. Section 3.2.2.3: International crises: armed conflict and emergency relief
Creators: name: Vandvik, Vigdis
name: Geange, Sonya R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Data management report

description: Section 3.2.2.3 assesses the role of international crises such as war and aid as drivers of biological invasions. The experts conducted a systematic review to report on the existing knowledge on this driver. This systematic review consists in the main source of evidence for the section.
Intertwining connectivities for vertex-minors and pivot-minors
Creators: name: Lee, Duksang
name: Oum, Sang-il
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.2.2
subject: 05C40, 05C50, 05C83

description: We show that for pairs $(Q,R)$ and $(S,T)$ of disjoint subsets of vertices of a graph $G$, if $G$ is sufficiently large, then there exists a vertex $v$ in $V(G)-(Q\cup R\cup S\cup T)$ such that there are two ways to reduce $G$ by a vertex-minor operation that removes $v$ while preserving the connectivity between $Q$ and $R$ and the connectivity between $S$ and $T$. Our theorem implies an analogous theorem of Chen and Whittle (2014) for matroids restricted to binary matroids.
description: 10 pages
Radiation, work experience, and cause specific mortality among workers at an energy research laboratory.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1985

description: A retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted among 8375 white male employees who had worked at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory for at least one month between 1943 and 1972. This plant has been the site of energy related research, including uranium and plutonium reactor technology and radioisotope production. Radiation doses, primarily from gamma rays, were generally low; the median cumulative exposure for workers was 0.16 rems. Historical follow up was conducted for the years 1943-77 and ascertainment of vital status was achieved for 92.3% of the cohort. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were computed to contrast the subjects' cause specific mortality experience with that of the United States white male population. The observed number of 966 deaths from all causes was 73% of the number expected. Mortality deficits were also seen for arteriosclerotic heart disease (SMR = 0.75; 344 observed) and all cancers (SMR = 0.78; 194 observed). These results are indicative of the healthy worker effect and the favourable influence on health of the cohort's relatively high socioeconomic status. Non-statistically significant raised SMRs were seen for all leukaemias (SMR = 1.49, 16 observed), cancer of the prostate (SMR = 1.16, 14 observed), and Hodgkin's disease (SMR = 1.10, 5 observed). Internal comparisons of mortality (standardised rate ratios, SRRs) were made between subgroups of the cohort according to radiation dose level and duration of employment in various job categories. No consistent gradients of cause specific mortality were detected for radiation exposure. Leukaemia mortality was highest among workers with greater than or equal to 10 years employment in engineering (SRR = 2.40) and maintenance (SRR = 3.12) jobs. The association of leukaemia with employment in engineering was unexpected; maintenance jobs entail potential exposures to radiation and to a wide range of organic chemicals; metals, and other substances.