cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Bacteriophage–prokaryote dynamics and interaction within anaerobic digestion processes across time and space
Creators: name: Junyu Zhang
name: Gao, Qun
name: Qiuting Zhang
name: Tengxu Wang
name: Haowei Yue
name: Linwei Wu
name: Shi, Jason
name: Ziyan Qin
name: Jizhong Zhou
name: Jiane Zuo
name: Yunfeng Yang
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Spatiotemporal changes in (A) richness of phages, (B) richness of prokaryotes, (C) the α-diversity of phages and (D) the α-diversity of prokaryotes. BJ Beijing samples, QD Qingdao samples, Ningbo-M: samples from Ningbo anaerobic digester maintained at mesophilic temperature, and Ningbo-T samples from Ningbo anaerobic digester maintained at thermophilic temperature. Figure S2. Proportions of phages based on their detection frequencies in anaerobic digesters. Figure S3. The most abundant phages detected in Beijing samples as functions of (A) time and their average relative abundance in samples across (B) space. Figure S4. Association networks generated from (A) Beijing, (B) Ningbo-T, (C) Ningbo-M, and (D) Qingdao samples. Modules with equal or less than five nodes were omitted. Positive linkages are shown in red edges, while negative linkages are shown in blue edges. Spearman’s correlation coefficients are indicated by line width. Figure S5. Association networks generated according to seasons: (A) winter, (B) spring, (C) summer, and (D) autumn. Modules with equal or less than five nodes were omitted. Positive linkages are shown in red edges, while negative linkages are shown in blue edges. Spearman’s correlation coefficients are indicated by line width. Table S1. Dissimilarity tests of Mrpp, Anosim, and Adonis on community structures. Table S2. Measurements of physicochemical properties related to process performance. Table S3. Taxonomic information of Euryarchaeota OTUs. Table S4. Major properties of association networks. Table S5. Dissimilarity of phage communities between months represented as β-diversity. Boldface values indicate dissimilarities between two consecutive months. (DOCX 5058 kb)
Desertoniscus taschkentensis Verhoeff 1930
Creators: name: Kashani, Ghasem M.
name: Allspach, Andreas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Isopoda
Trachelipodidae
Desertoniscus
Desertoniscus taschkentensis

description: Desertoniscus taschkentensis (Verhoeff, 1930)
(Figs 3 and 4)
Protracheoniscus taschkentensis Verhoeff, 1930: 113.– Borutzky, 1945: 170.– 1953: 19.
Material examined. Male, 4 mm, lectotype, here designated, in a garden near Tashkent under stones and plants, 8– 18 March?, leg. Zachvatkin, with micropreparation of appendages (ZSM).
Two males, three adult females, seven juvenile females, one specimen glued on the paper, same data as for lectotype (ZSM).
Two juvenile females, Turkestan, leg. Verhoeff (MNB 22636).
Diagnosis. Head with short lateral and well developed median lobes. Antenna short, slightly surpassing posterior margin of pereion-tergite I. Male pleopod exopodite I with short hind lobe and broadly truncate apex. Male pleopod endopodite I with a row of fine setae on the apex.
Redescription. Maximum length male 4.5mm; female 8 mm. Color pale brown. Body outline as in Fig. 3 A. Cephalon with short lateral lobes, frontal lobe well developed and rather rounded, without incision in median part (Fig. 3 C). Antenna short, slightly surpassing the posterior margin of pereion tergite I; fifth article of peduncle as long as flagellum, with length:width ratio 4:1; flagellum with two articles, proximal article short and clubshaped, flagellar articles ratio 1:2.3 (Fig. 3 E).
Pereion tergite I with rounded hind margin. Noduli laterales on pereionites 2 to 4 distinctly more distant from the lateral margins than those on pereionites 1 and 5 to 7 (Fig. 3 B).
Telson triangular with slightly concave sides and rather pointed apex, surpassing uropod-protopodites but not reaching to the middle of uropod exopodites (Fig. 3 D).
Pleopod exopodites I–V with monospiracular covered lungs.
Male: Pereiopod I carpus with several long trifid setae but not forming a brush (Fig. 3 F). Pereiopod VII ischium with straight ventral margin; carpus with no ridge on dorsal margin (Fig. 3 G).
Pleopod exopodite I with short and truncate hind lobe (Fig. 4 B); pleopod endopodite I straight with apex equipped with a row of fine setae (Fig. 4 A). Pleopod exopodite II as in Fig. 4 C.
Remarks. Despite the lack of large male specimens in the examined material (not more than 4.5 mm), this species differs from all the other species of Desertoniscus in the shape of cephalon, antenna and the male exopodite and endopodite of pleopod I.
Distribution. Turkestan; Tashkent.
description: Published as part of Kashani, Ghasem M. & Allspach, Andreas, 2012, Redescription of Desertoniscus taschkentensis (Verhoeff, 1930) and description of Desertoniscus schmalfussi n. sp. (Isopoda: Oniscidea), pp. 40-46 in Zootaxa 3154 on pages 41-45, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.279604
Pedetidae Gray 1825
Creators: name: Fritz Dieterlen
Publisher: name: Smithsonian Institution Press
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Pedetidae

description: Family Pedetidae Gray, 1825. Ann. Philos., n.s., 10:342.
COMMENTS: See Misonne (1974:9).
description: Published as part of Fritz Dieterlen, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Pedetidae, pp. 759 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 759, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353110
Additional file 1: of Pneumonia caused by extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii among hospitalized patients: genetic relationships, risk factors and mortality
Creators: name: Li, Yu
name: Pan, Chu
name: Fang, Chang
name: Zhao, Zhu
name: Chen, Hui
name: Guo, Peng
name: Zhao, Zi
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: 52 Isolates were tested against antibiotics by disc diffusion. All 52 of the isolates were tested against a panel of antibiotics with the disc diffusion method, as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI;M100-S22, 2012) [17], to determine the resistance phenotype. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, and extensive drug resistance (XDR) was defined as resistance to all available antibiotics except colistin and tigecycline [5]. GFPH, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital; FAH, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; TAH, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; R, resistance; S, sensitivity; I, intermediate; PB, polymyxin B (300 units); TGC, tigecycline (15 μg); IPM, imipenem (10 μg); AK, amikacin (30 μg); TOB, tobramycin (10 μg); MEM, meropenem (10 μg); TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam (100∕10 μg); SCF, cefoperazone/sulbactam (70∕35 μg); CAZ, ceftazidime (30 μg); CRO, ceftriaxone (30 μg); FEP, cefepime (30 μg); ATM, aztreonam (30 μg); LEV, levofloxacin (5 μg); CIP, ciprofloxacin (5 μg); DO, doxycycline (30 μg). (DOCX 24 kb)
ПРАВОВІ ЗАСАДИ ПРИНЦИПУ РІВНОСТІ У КРИМІНАЛЬНОМУ ЗАКОНОДАВСТВІ
Creators: name: Смолин Я.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: принцип рівності, кримінальне законодавство, недискримінація, правосуддя, верховенство права, справедливість, правозастосування

description: У статті досліджено правові засади реалізації принципу рівності у кримінальному законодавстві України. Принцип рівності є фундаментальним елементом правової системи, що забезпечує справедливість, недопущення дискримінації та рівний доступ до правосуддя для всіх осіб, незалежно від їхніх особистих чи соціальних характеристик. Автор аналізує основні нормативно-правові акти, які закріплюють цей принцип, зокрема Конституцію України, Кримінальний кодекс України, а також міжнародно-правові документи, ратифіковані Україною. 

У роботі приділено увагу питанням теоретичного обґрунтування принципу рівності як одного з базових у кримінальному праві. Зокрема, розглянуто його зв’язок із загальними засадами права, такими як верховенство права, справедливість і гуманізм. Автор акцентує на важливості врахування принципу рівності під час криміналізації діянь, кваліфікації злочинів та призначення покарань. 

Особливу увагу приділено аналізу практичних аспектів реалізації принципу рівності у кримінальному судочинстві. Розглянуто проблеми, що виникають у процесі застосування кримінального законодавства, зокрема щодо забезпечення рівного ставлення до обвинувачених і потерпілих незалежно від їхньої статі, віку, національності, соціального статусу чи інших ознак. Автор також звертає увагу на випадки дискримінації в судовій практиці та пропонує шляхи їх подолання. 

У висновках наголошено на необхідності вдосконалення законодавства та правозастосовної практики з метою забезпечення повної реалізації принципу рівності. Запропоновано рекомендації щодо гармонізації національного законодавства з міжнародними стандартами у цій сфері.
ОХОРОНА ПРИРОДОРЕСУРСНОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА СУБ'ЄКТАМИ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ: КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВІ АСПЕКТИ
Creators: name: Олійник Я.
name: Нестеренко А.
name: Перун Т.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: охорона природоресурсного середовища, екологічні злочини, кримінально-правова відповідальність, державне управління, сталий розвиток

description: У статті розглядаються кримінально-правові аспекти охорони природоресурсного середовища в контексті діяльності суб’єктів державного управління. Збереження природних ресурсів є однією з ключових складових сталого розвитку суспільства, що потребує ефективного правового регулювання та належного контролю з боку держави. У роботі акцентується увага на криміналізації суспільно небезпечних дій, спрямованих на знищення або пошкодження природних ресурсів, а також на важливості забезпечення невідворотності відповідальності за такі правопорушення. 

Аналізується сучасний стан законодавства України у сфері охорони природного середовища, зокрема, норми Кримінального кодексу України, які стосуються екологічних злочинів. Визначаються прогалини у правовому регулюванні та проблеми правозастосовної практики. Особлива увага приділяється ролі суб’єктів державного управління у попередженні екологічних злочинів, зокрема через здійснення моніторингу, розробку превентивних заходів та взаємодію з правоохоронними органами. 

У статті також пропонуються шляхи вдосконалення кримінально-правових механізмів охорони природоресурсного середовища, включаючи гармонізацію національного законодавства з міжнародними стандартами. Наголошується на необхідності підвищення рівня екологічної свідомості як серед державних службовців, так і серед населення загалом.
Additional file 1: of Pneumonia caused by extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii among hospitalized patients: genetic relationships, risk factors and mortality
Creators: name: Li, Yu
name: Pan, Chu
name: Fang, Chang
name: Zhao, Zhu
name: Chen, Hui
name: Guo, Peng
name: Zhao, Zi
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: 52 Isolates were tested against antibiotics by disc diffusion. All 52 of the isolates were tested against a panel of antibiotics with the disc diffusion method, as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI;M100-S22, 2012) [17], to determine the resistance phenotype. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as acquired non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial categories, and extensive drug resistance (XDR) was defined as resistance to all available antibiotics except colistin and tigecycline [5]. GFPH, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital; FAH, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; TAH, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; R, resistance; S, sensitivity; I, intermediate; PB, polymyxin B (300 units); TGC, tigecycline (15 μg); IPM, imipenem (10 μg); AK, amikacin (30 μg); TOB, tobramycin (10 μg); MEM, meropenem (10 μg); TZP, piperacillin/tazobactam (100∕10 μg); SCF, cefoperazone/sulbactam (70∕35 μg); CAZ, ceftazidime (30 μg); CRO, ceftriaxone (30 μg); FEP, cefepime (30 μg); ATM, aztreonam (30 μg); LEV, levofloxacin (5 μg); CIP, ciprofloxacin (5 μg); DO, doxycycline (30 μg). (DOCX 24 kb)
Zonurus namaquensis Methuen & Hewitt 1914
Creators: name: Conradie, Werner
name: Branch, William R.
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Scincidae
Zonurus
Zonurus namaquensis

description: Zonurus namaquensis Methuen & Hewitt, 1914
Annals of the Transvaal Museum, 4(3):137.
Current name: Namazonurus namaquensis (Methuen & Hewitt, 1914)
Paratype: PEM R12388 (formerly AMG 1612, originally TMP 3158); at Narudas Süd, Great Karasberg Mountains, Namibia; 30 December 1912.
Remarks. In the type description it is clearly stated that the type [holotype] is TMP 3163. Therefore all
remaining specimens are paratypes. One paratype (TMP 3158) was sent to AMG (now in PEM). The specimen has an anterior ventral incision.
description: Published as part of Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian, 2019, Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4576 (1) on pages 9-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2624562
Carbon-based Electrochemical Nanosensors for the Determination of PDE5 Enzyme Inhibitors
Creators: name: jihen, abidi
name: MISIR, Murat
name: Kökener, Nuran
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Sildenafil (SILC), Verdanafil (VRL) and Tadalafil (TAD), which exhibit phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) properties, are active pharmaceutical ingredients that play an important role in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Traditional analytical methods such as chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods have been widely used for the determination of PDE5 enzyme inhibitors. Nanosensors that will compete with classical analytical methods have been developed for PDE5 enzyme inhibitors using electrochemical methods. The most preferred carbon nanosensors in these studies are; glassy carbon electrode (GCE), screen-printed glassy carbon electrode (SPGCE), graphite paste electrode (GPE), multi-walled carbon nanotube paste electrode (MWCNTPE), boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE), and pencil graphite electrode (PGE). In addition, new generation carbon-based composite nanosensors have been preferred. In the production of these hybrid sensors, metal or metal oxide nanoparticles, polymers, bioindicators, and carbon materials have been used on the carbon main electrode surface. This review examines the important validation parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits of carbon nanosensors used for PDE5 inhibitors. In addition, the sensitivities between electrochemical methods were compared. The analytical performances of carbon nanosensors were also examined in detail. As a result, the superior performances of carbon nanomaterials developed in the determination of SILC, TAD, and VRL drug active ingredients were definited.
A Systematic Review of Multisystemic Therapy Efficacy in Youths 21 Years and Younger
Creators: name: Nzeduru, Uloma
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2024

description: AbstractObjective: This review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness of multisystemic therapy compared to treatment as usual in reducing disruptive behaviors in youths 21 years and younger. Introduction: Multisystemic therapy (MST), a holistic, highly individualized, goal-oriented, evidence-based approach, has been shown to effectively reduce disruptive behaviors in youths by addressing various systems influencing the youth's behavior, including the family, school, peer group, community, and individual factors. Disruptive Behavior Disorders, highly prevalent in childhood, are linked to negative outcomes, including substance abuse, psychiatric hospitalization, violent behavior, and criminal convictions. The estimated criminal justice costs for a typical offender aged 24 range between $2.1 and $3.7 million. It remains imperative to determine MST's efficacy to make evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.Inclusion Criteria: This review included full reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental study designs that investigated the effects of MST in children and adolescents aged 21 years and younger. Methods: Five databases were searched to find published and unpublished literature. Eligible articles were assessed by two independent reviewers for relevancy, duplicates were removed, and full-text articles were appraised. Studies results were synthesized narratively due to significant heterogeneity between studies. Results: 12 RCTs and 4 Quasi-experimental studies were included. The total number of participants was 3,671. Compared to usual care, MST was more effective in reducing poor family functioning and in improving psychiatric symptomatology, externalizing, and antisocial behaviors, which include aggression and criminality. The impact of MST on adolescent peer relations was less consistent across different studies.Conclusion: MST effectively reduces disruptive behaviors in youths while improving family, parenting, psychiatric symptoms, and externalizing behaviors. Practitioners should consider MST as a treatment option for disruptive behaviors in children and adolescents. Keywords: Multisystemic therapy, disruptive behavior, systematic review
Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) radfordi
Creators: name: Nielsen, David H.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Actinedida
Trombiculidae
Leptotrombidium
Leptotrombidium radfordi

description: Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) radfordi (Sinha, 1954):
ORI
Mehracula radfordi Sinha, 1954
Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) radfordi, Vercammen-Grandjean & Langston 1976
Leptotrombidium radfordi, Stekolikov 2013 [18 group]
description: Published as part of Nielsen, David H., Robbins, Richard G. & Rueda, Leopoldo M., 2021, Annotated world checklist of the Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (1758 - 2021) (Acari: Trombiculoidea), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 4967 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4967.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4745510
MOESM1 of Berberine regulates the protein expression of multiple tumorigenesis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Creators: name: Tung-Yueh Chuang
name: Hsiao-Li Wu
name: Min, Jie
name: Diamond, Michael
name: Azziz, Ricardo
name: Yen-Hao Chen
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. DMSO dose dependently regulates p21 protein expression in HepG2 cells. Lines 1 & 2: water; lines 3 & 4: DMSO 0.25 Îźl/ml and lines 5 & 6: DMSO 0.5 Îźl/ml.
MOESM1 of Berberine regulates the protein expression of multiple tumorigenesis-related genes in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines
Creators: name: Tung-Yueh Chuang
name: Hsiao-Li Wu
name: Min, Jie
name: Diamond, Michael
name: Azziz, Ricardo
name: Yen-Hao Chen
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. DMSO dose dependently regulates p21 protein expression in HepG2 cells. Lines 1 & 2: water; lines 3 & 4: DMSO 0.25 Îźl/ml and lines 5 & 6: DMSO 0.5 Îźl/ml.
Additional file 3: Table S2. of Unmanipulated haploidentical stem cell transplantation in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
Creators: name: Santoro, Nicole
name: Ruggeri, Annalisa
name: Labopin, Myriam
name: Bacigalupo, Andrea
name: Ciceri, Fabio
name: GĂźlbaĹ, Zafer
name: Huang, He
name: Afanasyev, Boris
name: Arcese, William
name: Depei Wu
name: Koc, Yener
name: Tischer, Johanna
name: Santarone, Stella
name: Giebel, Sebastian
name: Mohty, Mohamad
name: Nagler, Arnon
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Causes of death according to GVHD prophylaxis. (DOCX 17 kb)
Afroedura gorongosa Branch, Guyton, Schmitz, Barej, Naskrecki, Farooq, Verburgt & Rodel 2017
Creators: name: Conradie, Werner
name: Branch, William R.
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gekkonidae
Afroedura
Afroedura gorongosa

description: Afroedura gorongosa Branch, Guyton, Schmitz, Barej, Naskrecki, Farooq, Verburgt & Rödel, 2017
Zootaxa, 4324(1):150; Figs. 4–7.
Paratype: PEM R22220 (formerly ZMB 83291); western flank of Mount Gorongosa (18°28’04.3”S, 34°02’53.2”E; 1038 m a.s.l.), Gorongosa National Park, Sofala Province, Mozambique; M.- O. Rödel and M.F. Barej, 11 December 2015.
Remarks. Originally catalogued into ZMB and donated to PEM (September 2016). Specimen is in a good condition with incision on left thigh.
description: Published as part of Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian, 2019, Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4576 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2624562
Pedetes Illiger 1811
Creators: name: Fritz Dieterlen
Publisher: name: Smithsonian Institution Press
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Pedetidae
Pedetes

description: Pedetes Illiger, 1811. Prodr. Syst. Mamm. Avium., p. 81.
TYPE SPECIES: Yerbua capensis Forster, 1778.
SYNONYMS: Helamis F. Cuvier, 1821; Helamys G. Cuvier, 1816; Pedestes Gray, 1843; Yerbua Forster, 1778.
COMMENTS: See Misonne (1974:9).
description: Published as part of Fritz Dieterlen, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Pedetidae, pp. 759 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 759, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353110
Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Unmanipulated haploidentical stem cell transplantation in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
Creators: name: Santoro, Nicole
name: Ruggeri, Annalisa
name: Labopin, Myriam
name: Bacigalupo, Andrea
name: Ciceri, Fabio
name: GĂźlbaĹ, Zafer
name: Huang, He
name: Afanasyev, Boris
name: Arcese, William
name: Depei Wu
name: Koc, Yener
name: Tischer, Johanna
name: Santarone, Stella
name: Giebel, Sebastian
name: Mohty, Mohamad
name: Nagler, Arnon
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Cancer
Hematology

description: Acute and chronic GVHD according to stem cell source. (DOCX 104 kb)
Pedetes capensis
Creators: name: Fritz Dieterlen
Publisher: name: Smithsonian Institution Press
Year: 1993
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Rodentia
Pedetidae
Pedetes
Pedetes capensis

description: Pedetes capensis (Forster, 1778). K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Stockholm, (1)39:109.
TYPE LOCALITY: South Africa, Cape Prov., Cape of Good Hope.
DISTRIBUTION: South Africa, Namibia, Angola, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Zambia, S Zaire, Tanzania, Kenya.
SYNONYMS: albaniensis Roberts, 1946; angolae Hinton, 1920; cafer Pallas, 1778; currax Hollister, 1918; damarensis Roberts, 1926; dentatus Miller, 1927; fouriei Roberts, 1938; larvalis Hollister, 1918; orangiae Wroughton, 1907; salinae Wroughton, 1907; surdaster Thomas, 1902; taborae G. M. Allen and Loveridge, 1927; typicus A.. Smith, 1834.
COMMENTS: See Misonne (1974:8).
description: Published as part of Fritz Dieterlen, 1993, Order Rodentia - Family Pedetidae, pp. 759 in Mammal Species of the World (2 nd Edition), Washington and London :Smithsonian Institution Press on page 759, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.7353110
Geko wahlbergii Smith 1849
Creators: name: Conradie, Werner
name: Branch, William R.
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gekkonidae
Geko
Geko wahlbergii

description: Geko wahlbergii Smith, 1849
Illustrations of the Zoology of South Africa, Plate 75 and associated unnumbered text.
Current name: Homopholis wahlbergii (Smith, 1849)
Neotype: PEM R17603; Jozini Dam, KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa; W.R. Branch, J. Marais and A. Bauer, 29 June 2008.
Remarks. Broadley et. al. (2014) designated PEM R17603 as a neotype as Smith (1849) never designated types. This specimen has a small ventral incision and its tail is missing.
description: Published as part of Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian, 2019, Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4576 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2624562
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Unmanipulated haploidentical stem cell transplantation in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
Creators: name: Santoro, Nicole
name: Ruggeri, Annalisa
name: Labopin, Myriam
name: Bacigalupo, Andrea
name: Ciceri, Fabio
name: GĂźlbaĹ, Zafer
name: Huang, He
name: Afanasyev, Boris
name: Arcese, William
name: Depei Wu
name: Koc, Yener
name: Tischer, Johanna
name: Santarone, Stella
name: Giebel, Sebastian
name: Mohty, Mohamad
name: Nagler, Arnon
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Patient characteristics according to GVHD prophylaxis. (DOCX 19 kb)
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Unmanipulated haploidentical stem cell transplantation in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study on behalf of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT
Creators: name: Santoro, Nicole
name: Ruggeri, Annalisa
name: Labopin, Myriam
name: Bacigalupo, Andrea
name: Ciceri, Fabio
name: GĂźlbaĹ, Zafer
name: Huang, He
name: Afanasyev, Boris
name: Arcese, William
name: Depei Wu
name: Koc, Yener
name: Tischer, Johanna
name: Santarone, Stella
name: Giebel, Sebastian
name: Mohty, Mohamad
name: Nagler, Arnon
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Patient characteristics according to GVHD prophylaxis. (DOCX 19 kb)
Additional file 9: Figure S4. of Dissection of additive, dominance, and imprinting effects for production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle
Creators: name: Jicai Jiang
name: Botong Shen
name: OâConnell, Jeffrey
name: VanRaden, Paul
name: Cole, John
name: Ma, Li
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Association analysis conditional on the additive effect (A) and both the additive and dominance effects (B) of variant Chr23:18,676,057. The vertical blue line indicates the location of Chr23:18,676,057. (PDF 14Â kb)
Paranotella taragui Carpintero, Guilbert & Magistris, 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Carpintero, Diego Leonardo
name: Guilbert, Éric
name: De Magistris, Alberto Antonio
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Tingidae
Paranotella
Paranotella taragui

description: Paranotella taragui sp. nov.
(Figs. 1-4)
Material examined. HOLOTYPE: Male, ARGENTINA: Corrientes, Ituzaingó, xii.1979, Viana. (MACN).
Description. Male. Body long and oval, coloration light brown, shiny, with the base of head, tarsomere II, sternal area and abdomen dark brown; collar base reddish brown. Body length 2.46; width 0.88. Head a little longer than wide: length 0.4; width 0.32; interocular space 0.22. Lengths of antennal segments: I, 0.15; II, 0.09; III, 0.5; IV, 0.18. Pronotum long (0.68), nearly 25% as long as body and wider (0.96) than width across hemelytra. Parameres long, thin, angular, externally forming an angle of 90°, somewhat sickle-shaped, with its apical half long, thin and curved outwards.
Female unknown.
Etymology. The specific epithet is the GuaranÍ term to refer to the province of Corrientes, Argentina, where this species was found. GuaranÍ is the language of a people who inhabited much of southeastern South America.
Distribution. Argentina. Biogeographically, Ituzaingó is located in the Neotropical region, in an area where the Chaco subregion (Chaco province from the west and Pampa province from the south) an ecotone between these and some elements that are distributed along the coast and islands of the Paraná river, hailing from the east, from the Paranaense subregion, a province of the Paranaense Forest (Morrone 2001).
description: Published as part of Carpintero, Diego Leonardo, Guilbert, Éric & De Magistris, Alberto Antonio, 2022, Paranotella taragui, a curious new genus and new species of Tingini (Heteroptera: Tingidae) from Argentina, pp. 807-811 in Revista Chilena de Entomología (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) (Rev. Chil. Entomol.) 48 (4) on page 809, DOI: 10.35249/rche.48.4.22.15, http://zenodo.org/record/13206385
Additional file 2: Table S2: of Associations between transition to retirement and changes in dietary intakes in French adults (NutriNet-Santé cohort study)
Creators: name: Hassen, Wendy Si
name: Castetbon, Katia
name: Lelièvre, Eva
name: Lampuré, Aurélie
name: Hercberg, Serge
name: Méjean, Caroline
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Associations between changes in dietary intakes and transition to retirement according to baseline income in women and men (NutriNet-Santé Study). (DOCX 20 kb)
Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) radiculatum Feider 1975
Creators: name: Nielsen, David H.
name: Robbins, Richard G.
name: Rueda, Leopoldo M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Actinedida
Trombiculidae
Leptotrombidium
Leptotrombidium radiculatum

description: Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) radiculatum Feider, 1975:
PAL
description: Published as part of Nielsen, David H., Robbins, Richard G. & Rueda, Leopoldo M., 2021, Annotated world checklist of the Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (1758 - 2021) (Acari: Trombiculoidea), with notes on nomenclature, taxonomy, and distribution, pp. 1-243 in Zootaxa 4967 (1) on page 138, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4967.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4745510
Plethus Hagen
Creators: name: Ito, Tomiko
name: Saito, Rie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Trichoptera
Hydroptilidae
Plethus

description: Genus Plethus Hagen
Plethus Hagen, 1887, 643. Type species Hydroptila cursitans Hagen, by monotypy.
Adult (modified after Marshal 1979; Malicky 2010). Head with pairs of large semi-ellipsoidal dorsal warts and posterior warts. Ocelli 3. Antennae 18–19-segmented. Maxillary palpi each 5-segmented, 2 basal segments short, other segments cylindrical; labial palpi each 3-segmented, basal segment short, other segments cylindrical. Pronotum with both pairs of mesal and lateral warts round; mesoscutellum triangular without middle transverse line; metascutellum rectangular. Wings black, apically acuminate, densely covered with long black hairs, venation rather reduced especially in hind wings. Spur formula 0-2-3, 0-2-4, or 1-2-3. Abdominal segment VII without ventral process. Genitalia relatively uniform in appearance with long anterior apodemes.
Larva (modified after Ulmer 1957; Marshal 1979; Wells & Huisman 1993). Body depressed, flattened dorsoventrally. Prosternum with pair of transverse sclerites posteriorly. Dorsal sclerites of abdominal segments I– VIII wide. Posterior margin of dorsal sclerite of segment IX simple without sculpture.
Case (modified after Ulmer 1957; Marshal 1979; Wells & Huisman 1993). Depressed, dorsoventrally flattened, dome-shaped and made of silk.
description: Published as part of Ito, Tomiko & Saito, Rie, 2016, First record of Plethus Hagen (Trichoptera, Hydroptilidae) from Japan, with description of a species, pp. 466-476 in Zootaxa 4154 (4) on pages 467-468, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4154.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/254631
Hemidactylus tasmani Hewitt 1932
Creators: name: Conradie, Werner
name: Branch, William R.
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gekkonidae
Hemidactylus
Hemidactylus tasmani

description: Hemidactylus tasmani Hewitt, 1932
Annals of the Natal Museum, 7(1):105; Plate VI, Fig. 5.
Syntypes (2): PEM R16077–8 (formerly AMG 5656); Driefontein, near Gwelo, Zimbabwe; Rev. K. Tasman, ‘ 10 September 1927 ’.
Remarks. Hewitt (1932) referred to an adult male and female as the ‘types’, but also mentioned one other specimen from Holy Cross. No specimens were illustrated, but specific emphasis was placed on the measurements of the adult female (PEM R16077). Both type specimens have a ventral incision. PEM R16078 has a detached tail and PEM R16077 has a flap of skin missing on the posterior dorsal part of the head. PEM has two additional specimens PEM R16079–80 (formerly AMG 5840) from Holy Cross that can only be referred to as ‘additional material’.
description: Published as part of Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian, 2019, Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4576 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2624562
Additional file 1: of Which bronchodilator reversibility criteria can predict severe acute exacerbation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients?
Creators: name: Junghyun Kim
name: Kim, Woo
name: Lee, Chang-Hoon
name: Lee, Sang
name: Myung-Goo Lee
name: Kyeong-Cheol Shin
name: Yoo, Kwang
name: Lee, Ji-Hyun
name: Lim, Seong
name: Na, Ju
name: Hun-Gyu Hwang
name: Yoonki Hong
name: Lim, Myoung
name: Chul-Gyu Yoo
name: Jung, Ki
name: Lee, Sang-Do
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Supplement data. (DOCX 44Â kb)
Lygodactylus capensis subsp. mossambica Loveridge 1920
Creators: name: Conradie, Werner
name: Branch, William R.
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gekkonidae
Lygodactylus
Lygodactylus capensis
Lygodactylus capensis mossambica loveridge, 1920

description: Lygodactylus capensis mossambica Loveridge, 1920
Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1920:131.
Current name: Lygodactylus grotei Sternfeld, 1911
Paratype: PEM R16092 (formerly AMG 5178); Lumbo, Mozambique; A. Loveridge, ‘ 11 July 1918 ’.
Remarks. The type description mentions a total of 50 specimens collected at the type locality deposited in the BMNH, with some co-types subsequently donated to National Museum of Wales, Manchester Museum, American Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Harvard University and Nairobi Museum. No mention is made about a donation of specimens to the AMG. A hand-written label initialed by A. Loveridge and found in the type bottle refers to the AMG specimen as a paratype, indicating that Loveridge sent this specimen (it was probably part of the MCZ material) to Hewitt at AMG (now in PEM).
description: Published as part of Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian, 2019, Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4576 (1) on pages 10-11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2624562
WHAT IS DATA?
Creators: name: Alshawaf, Fadwa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: research data
data
research data management

description: In research, data is our constant companion. Today, phrases like 'Let’s look at the data' or 'What does the data say?' are commonly heard in videos, podcasts, and interviews. But what exactly is data?

Definition: Data can be defined as raw facts, figures, images, texts, audio, video, or other materials collected for reference, analysis, or computation. Data can be generated, collected, organized, processed, analyzed, interpreted, and enriched with context to extract meaningful insights that support informed decision-making in research, business, and technology. The quality and structure of data significantly influence its usefulness and the accuracy of conclusions drawn from it.

Illustrative example: Imagine you're on your way to grab coffee when you notice a cat trapped under a car. After helping her out, you snap a photo and upload it to Instagram. Alone, the image is mere data; without context, people would not know what to think of it and it might be overlooked.

However:

By adding details like the location, time, and a caption such as 'I rescued this little kitten today!', you provide context, turning data into information that piques interest.

When you then mention, 'I discovered I’m allergic to cats,' you enrich the narrative with knowledge.

Finally, by stating, 'I know I cannot have cats in my future home,' you share insights, demonstrating wisdom derived from your experience.

This progression illustrates how raw data can evolve into valuable wisdom. In essence, when we say 'looking at the data,' we mean examining the insights or knowledge derived from it, not just the raw facts themselves.

Research Data

How then do we define research data? Think back to the last time you gathered information for a thesis, assignment, or project. Maybe you conducted interviews, ran surveys, or even lab experiments. The results of those efforts—whether numbers, images, or text—are all forms of data, which can take on much broader forms. Hence, research data refers to any information collected, observed, or generated during a research project and serves as the basis for research findings. It can be:

Raw data: Experimental measurements, field notes, or sensor readings

Processed data: Analyzed, transformed, or curated datasets

Numerical data: Survey results or measurements

Non-numerical data: Interview transcripts, images, videos, or audio

Metadata: Descriptive information about the data.
Additional file 1: of Natriuretic peptides improve the developmental competence of in vitro cultured porcine oocytes
Creators: name: Yanhao Zhang
name: Huarong Wang
name: Liu, Wei
name: Yang, Ye
name: Wang, Xiao
name: Zhiyuan Zhang
name: Qirui Guo
name: Wang, Chao
name: Guoliang Xia
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Table S1. Primers used for quantitative real-time PCR. (DOC 30Â kb)
Lygodactylus bradfieldi Hewitt 1932
Creators: name: Conradie, Werner
name: Branch, William R.
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gekkonidae
Lygodactylus
Lygodactylus bradfieldi

description: Lygodactylus bradfieldi Hewitt, 1932
Annals of the Natal Museum, 7(1):126; Plate VI, Fig. 10.
Syntypes (16): PEM R14574–82, 14586–92 (formerly AMG 6075); Quickborn near Okahandja, Namibia; Mr. R. D. Bradfield, 14 May 1929.
Remarks. The description refers to a series of adult males and females comprising the type series. Although a specimen is illustrated, none of the existing PEM material could be associated with it. Most of the remaining types have either partly or fully detached tails. One specimen (MCZ R33443) is listed as a syntype in the MCZ online database, and must have been sent to Loveridge by Hewitt.
description: Published as part of Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian, 2019, Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4576 (1) on page 10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2624562
Lygodactylus regulus Portik, Travers, Bauer & Branch 2013
Creators: name: Conradie, Werner
name: Branch, William R.
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gekkonidae
Lygodactylus
Lygodactylus regulus

description: Lygodactylus regulus Portik, Travers, Bauer & Branch, 2013
Zootaxa, 3710(5):415; Figs. 6–8.
Paratypes (2): a) PEM R14922; Mt. Namuli, ridge leading to Marakuni Ridge (1537AC, 1800 m a.s.l.), Zambezia Province, Mozambique; P. Ryan, 30 November 1998. b) PEM R20277; Mt. Namuli, Muretha Plateau (15°23’04.5”S, 37°03’13.6”E; 1878 m a.s.l.), Zambezia Province, Mozambique; J. Bayliss, 27 May 2007.
Remarks. PEM R 14922 in good condition, whereas PEM R20277 has a crushed head.
description: Published as part of Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian, 2019, Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4576 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2624562
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Long-term leukocyte reconstitution in NSG mice transplanted with human cord blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells
Creators: name: AudigĂŠ, Annette
name: Mary-Aude Rochat
name: Li, Duo
name: Ivic, Sandra
name: Fahrny, Audrey
name: Muller, Christina
name: Gers-Huber, Gustavo
name: Renier Myburgh
name: Bredl, Simon
name: Schlaepfer, Erika
name: Scherrer, Alexandra
name: Kuster, Stefan
name: Speck, Roberto
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Antibodies used for flow cytometry. (DOCX 40 kb)
Lygodactylus stevensoni Hewitt 1926
Creators: name: Conradie, Werner
name: Branch, William R.
name: Watson, Gillian
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Reptilia
Squamata
Gekkonidae
Lygodactylus
Lygodactylus stevensoni

description: Lygodactylus stevensoni Hewitt, 1926b
Annals of the Natal Museum, 5:445; Plate XXV, Figs. 3– 4.
Syntypes (3): PEM R16074–6 (formerly AMG 5053); Khami Ruins, Zimbabwe; R.H.R. Stevenson, 13 April 1925.
Remarks. The description refers to only three specimens as ‘Types’. One specimen is illustrated in Plate XXV, figure 3, and can be associated with confidence to PEM R16074. All specimens in good condition, except for PEM R16075, which lacks a tail.
description: Published as part of Conradie, Werner, Branch, William R. & Watson, Gillian, 2019, Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 2: Reptiles (Squamata), pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 4576 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4576.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/2624562
Amorphous solid dispersion to facilitate the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs: recent advances on novel preparation processes and technology coupling
Creators: name: Luo, Chengxiang
name: Li, Ruipeng
name: Tang, Mi
name: Gao, Yuan
name: Zhang, Jianjun
name: Qian, Shuai
name: Wei, Yuanfeng
name: Shen, Peiya
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Medicine
Molecular Biology
Pharmacology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy

description: Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technique has recently been used as an effective formulation strategy to significantly improve the bioavailability of insoluble drugs. The main industrialized preparation methods for ASDs are mainly hot melt extrusion and spray drying techniques; however, they face the limitations of being unsuitable for heat-sensitive materials and organic reagent residues, respectively, and therefore novel preparation processes and technology coupling for developing ASDs have received increasing attention. This paper reviews recent advances in ASD and provides an overview of novel preparation methods, mechanisms for improving drug bioavailability, and especially technology coupling. As a mature pharmaceutical technology, ASD has broad application prospects and values. During the period from 2012 to 2024, the FDA has approved 49 formulation products containing ASDs. However, with the diversification of drug types and clinical needs, the traditional formulation technology of ASDs is gradually no longer sufficient to meet the needs of clinical medication. Therefore, this review summarizes the studies on both novel preparation processes and technology combinations; and provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of ASD to improve drug bioavailability, in order to better select appropriate preparation methods for the development of ASD formulations.