Planck intermediate results. XLI. A map of lensing-induced B-modes
Creators: name: Planck Collaboration
name: Ade, P. A. R.
name: Aghanim, N.
name: Ashdown, M.
name: Aumont, J.
name: Baccigalupi, C.
name: Banday, A. J.
name: Barreiro, R. B.
name: Bartolo, N.
name: Basak, S.
name: Battaner, E.
name: Benabed, K.
name: Benoit-Lévy, A.
name: Bernard, J. -P.
name: Bersanelli, M.
name: Bielewicz, P.
name: Bock, J. J.
name: Bonaldi, A.
name: Bonavera, L.
name: Bond, J. R.
name: Borrill, J.
name: Bouchet, F. R.
name: Boulanger, F.
name: Burigana, C.
name: Butler, R. C.
name: Calabrese, E.
name: Cardoso, J. -F.
name: Catalano, A.
name: Chiang, H. C.
name: Christensen, P. R.
name: Clements, D. L.
name: Colombi, S.
name: Colombo, L. P. L.
name: Combet, C.
name: Crill, B. P.
name: Curto, A.
name: Cuttaia, F.
name: Danese, L.
name: Davis, R. J.
name: de Bernardis, P.
name: de Zotti, G.
name: Delabrouille, J.
name: Dickinson, C.
name: Diego, J. M.
name: Doré, O.
name: Ducout, A.
name: Dupac, X.
name: Elsner, F.
name: Enßlin, T. A.
name: Eriksen, H. K.
name: Finelli, F.
name: Forni, O.
name: Frailis, M.
name: Fraisse, A. A.
name: Franceschi, E.
name: Galeotta, S.
name: Galli, S.
name: Ganga, K.
name: Ghosh, T.
name: Giard, M.
name: Giraud-Héraud, Y.
name: Gjerløw, E.
name: González-Nuevo, J.
name: Górski, K. M.
name: Gruppuso, A.
name: Gudmundsson, J. E.
name: Harrison, D. L.
name: Hernández-Monteagudo, C.
name: Herranz, D.
name: Hildebrandt, S. R.
name: Hornstrup, A.
name: Hovest, W.
name: Hurier, G.
name: Jaffe, A. H.
name: Jones, W. C.
name: Keihänen, E.
name: Keskitalo, R.
name: Kisner, T. S.
name: Knoche, J.
name: Knox, L.
name: Kunz, M.
name: Kurki-Suonio, H.
name: Lagache, G.
name: Lähteenmäki, A.
name: Lamarre, J. -M.
name: Lasenby, A.
name: Lattanzi, M.
name: Leonardi, R.
name: Levrier, F.
name: Lilje, P. B.
name: Linden-Vørnle, M.
name: López-Caniego, M.
name: Lubin, P. M.
name: Macías-Pérez, J. F.
name: Maffei, B.
name: Maggio, G.
name: Maino, D.
name: Mandolesi, N.
name: Mangilli, A.
name: Maris, M.
name: Martin, P. G.
name: Martínez-González, E.
name: Masi, S.
name: Matarrese, S.
name: Meinhold, P. R.
name: Melchiorri, A.
name: Mennella, A.
name: Migliaccio, M.
name: Mitra, S.
name: Miville-Deschênes, M. -A.
name: Moneti, A.
name: Montier, L.
name: Morgante, G.
name: Mortlock, D.
name: Moss, A.
name: Munshi, D.
name: Murphy, J. A.
name: Naselsky, P.
name: Nati, F.
name: Natoli, P.
name: Netterfield, C. B.
name: Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.
name: Novikov, D.
name: Novikov, I.
name: Pagano, L.
name: Pajot, F.
name: Paoletti, D.
name: Pasian, F.
name: Patanchon, G.
name: Perdereau, O.
name: Perotto, L.
name: Pettorino, V.
name: Piacentini, F.
name: Piat, M.
name: Pierpaoli, E.
name: Pointecouteau, E.
name: Polenta, G.
name: Pratt, G. W.
name: Rachen, J. P.
name: Reinecke, M.
name: Remazeilles, M.
name: Renault, C.
name: Renzi, A.
name: Ristorcelli, I.
name: Rocha, G.
name: Rosset, C.
name: Rossetti, M.
name: Roudier, G.
name: Rubiño-Martín, J. A.
name: Rusholme, B.
name: Sandri, M.
name: Santos, D.
name: Savelainen, M.
name: Savini, G.
name: Scott, D.
name: Spencer, L. D.
name: Stolyarov, V.
name: Stompor, R.
name: Sudiwala, R.
name: Sunyaev, R.
name: Sutton, D.
name: Suur-Uski, A. -S.
name: Sygnet, J. -F.
name: Tauber, J. A.
name: Terenzi, L.
name: Toffolatti, L.
name: Tomasi, M.
name: Tristram, M.
name: Tucci, M.
name: Tuovinen, J.
name: Valenziano, L.
name: Valiviita, J.
name: Van Tent, B.
name: Vielva, P.
name: Villa, F.
name: Wade, L. A.
name: Wandelt, B. D.
name: Wehus, I. K.
name: Yvon, D.
name: Zacchei, A.
name: Zonca, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The secondary cosmic microwave background (CMB) $B$-modes stem from the post-decoupling distortion of the polarization $E$-modes due to the gravitational lensing effect of large-scale structures. These lensing-induced $B$-modes constitute both a valuable probe of the dark matter distribution and an important contaminant for the extraction of the primary CMB $B$-modes from inflation. Planck provides accurate nearly all-sky measurements of both the polarization $E$-modes and the integrated mass distribution via the reconstruction of the CMB lensing potential. By combining these two data products, we have produced an all-sky template map of the lensing-induced $B$-modes using a real-space algorithm that minimizes the impact of sky masks. The cross-correlation of this template with an observed (primordial and secondary) $B$-mode map can be used to measure the lensing $B$-mode power spectrum at multipoles up to $2000$. In particular, when cross-correlating with the $B$-mode contribution directly derived from the Planck polarization maps, we obtain lensing-induced $B$-mode power spectrum measurement at a significance level of $12\,σ$, which agrees with the theoretical expectation derived from the Planck best-fit $Λ$CDM model. This unique nearly all-sky secondary $B$-mode template, which includes the lensing-induced information from intermediate to small ($10\lesssim \ell\lesssim 1000$) angular scales, is delivered as part of the Planck 2015 public data release. It will be particularly useful for experiments searching for primordial $B$-modes, such as BICEP2/Keck Array or LiteBIRD, since it will enable an estimate to be made of the lensing-induced contribution to the measured total CMB $B$-modes.
description: 20 pages, 12 figures; Accepted for publication in A&amp;A; The B-mode map is part of the PR2-2015 Cosmology Products; available as Lensing Products in the Planck Legacy Archive http://pla.esac.esa.int/pla/#cosmology; and described in the 'Explanatory Supplement' https://wiki.cosmos.esa.int/planckpla2015/index.php/Specially_processed_maps#2015_Lensing-induced_B-mode_map