cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Focusing Quantum Many-body Dynamics II: The Rigorous Derivation of the 1D Focusing Cubic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation from 3D
Creators: name: Chen, Xuwen
name: Holmer, Justin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the focusing 3D quantum many-body dynamic which models a dilute bose gas strongly confined in two spatial directions. We assume that the microscopic pair interaction is attractive and given by $a^{3β-1}V(a^β\cdot)$ where $\int V\leqslant 0$ and $a$ matches the Gross-Pitaevskii scaling condition. We carefully examine the effects of the fine interplay between the strength of the confining potential and the number of particles on the 3D $N$-body dynamic. We overcome the difficulties generated by the attractive interaction in 3D and establish new focusing energy estimates. We study the corresponding BBGKY hierarchy which contains a diverging coefficient as the strength of the confining potential tends to $\infty $. We prove that the limiting structure of the density matrices counterbalances this diverging coefficient. We establish the convergence of the BBGKY sequence and hence the propagation of chaos for the focusing quantum many-body system. We derive rigorously the 1D focusing cubic NLS as the mean-field limit of this 3D focusing quantum many-body dynamic and obtain the exact 3D to 1D coupling constant.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1212.0787
Electroweak precision tests in the LHC era and Z-decay form factors at two-loop level
Creators: name: Freitas, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The current status of electroweak precision tests after the discovery of the Higgs boson is reviewed, both from a phenomenological and from a theoretical point of view. Predictions for all Z-pole quantities are now available at the complete fermionic two-loop order within the Standard Model. The calculation of these corrections is described based on the example of the total Z-boson width. Finally, an outlook on the experimental improvements and theoretical challenges for a future high-luminosity e+e- collider is given.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of "Loops and Legs in Quantum Field Theory - LL 2014", 27 April - 2 May 2014, Weimar, Germany; v2: typo in Tab.3 corrected
Like I said, I would not have likely gotten up otherwise: patient experiences of using an Activity Board after abdominal cancer surgery
Creators: name: Porserud, Andrea
name: Lundberg, Mari
name: Eriksson, Johanna
name: Bonnier, Malin Nygren
name: Hagströmer, Maria
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Most patients treated in a hospital setting are fully or partially immobilised. The Activity Board (Träningstavlan® Phystec) is a useful tool to enhance mobilisation after major abdominal cancer surgery. Knowledge of patient experiences of the mobilisation tool is crucial in implementing the Activity Board in health care. This study aimed to describe patient experiences of using the Activity Board after surgery for abdominal cancer. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted in 15 patients who underwent abdominal surgery due to colorectal, ovarian or urinary bladder cancer. All 15 patients (mean age 67.7 years, range 40–86) used the Activity Board postoperatively. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed according to inductive content analysis. The overarching theme that emerged from the interviews was that “enabling participation facilitates empowerment over rehabilitation”. Three categories supported the theme: prerequisites for using the Activity Board, the value of using supportive behavioural techniques, and the possibility to influence the patients’ care. These findings suggest that the Activity Board could be a viable tool that activates the person-centred postoperative rehabilitation process by cooperating with the medical team at the hospital ward.Implications for rehabilitationPatients who are in hospital due to cancer surgery are often immobilised, which increases the risk of complications.The Activity Board can stimulate the patients to participate in the rehabilitation process in a more active way.The Activity Board can be used to improve and clarify the person-centred approach in hospital settings. Patients who are in hospital due to cancer surgery are often immobilised, which increases the risk of complications. The Activity Board can stimulate the patients to participate in the rehabilitation process in a more active way. The Activity Board can be used to improve and clarify the person-centred approach in hospital settings.
Unquenched $e_g^1$ orbital moment in the Mott insulating antiferromagnet KOsO4
Creators: name: Song, Young-Joon
name: Ahn, Kyo-Hoon
name: Lee, K. -W.
name: Pickett, W. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the correlated electronic structure method based on density functional theory plus the Hubbard $U$ interaction, we have investigated the tetragonal scheelite structure Mott insulator KOsO$_4$, whose $e_g^1$ configuration should be affected only slightly by spin-orbit couping (SOC). The method reproduces the observed antiferromagnetic Mott insulating state, populating the Os $d_{z^2}$ majority orbital. The quarter-filled $e_g$ manifold is characterized by a symmetry breaking due to the tetragonal structure, and the Os ion shows a crystal field splitting $Δ_{cf}$ = 1.7 eV from the $t_{2g}$ complex, which is relatively small considering the high formal oxidation state Os$^{7+}$. The small magnetocrystalline anisotropy before including correlation (i.e., in the metallic state) is increased by more than an order of magnitude in the Mott-insulating state, a result of a strong interplay between large SOC and a strong correlation. In contrast to conventional wisdom that the $e_g$ complex will not support orbital magnetism, we find that for the easy axis [100] direction the substantial Os orbital moment $M_L\approx-0.2 μ_B$ compensates half of the Os spin moment $M_S$ = 0.4$μ_B$. The origin of the orbital moment is analyzed and understood in terms of additional spin-orbital lowering of symmetry, and beyond that due to structural distortion, for magnetization along [100]. Further interpretation is assisted by analysis of the spin density and the Wannier function with SOC included.
description: 7 pages
Additional file 1 of Personal protective equipment and medical students in times of COVID-19: experiences and perspectives from the final clerkship year
Creators: name: Straub, Janina
name: Franz, Anne
name: Holzhausen, Ylva
name: Schumann, Marwa
name: Peters, Harm
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Echo State Networks and Long Short-Term Memory for Continuous Gesture Recognition: a Comparative Study
Creators: name: Jirak, Doreen
name: Tietz, Stephan
name: Ali, Hassan
name: Wermter, Stefan
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
subject: continuous gesture recognition
subject: echo state networks
subject: long short-term memory

description: Recent developments of sensors that allow tracking of human movements and gestures enable rapid progress of applications in domains like medical rehabilitation or robotic control. Especially the inertial measurement unit (IMU) is an excellent device for real-time scenarios as it rapidly delivers data input. Therefore, a computational model must be able to learn gesture sequences in a fast yet robust way. We recently introduced an echo state network (ESN) framework for continuous gesture recognition (Tietz et al., 2019) including novel approaches for gesture spotting, i.e., the automatic detection of the start and end phase of a gesture. Although our results showed good classification performance, we identified significant factors which also negatively impact the performance like subgestures and gesture variability. To address these issues, we include experiments with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, which is a state-of-the-art model for sequence processing, to compare the obtained results with our framework and to evaluate their robustness regarding pitfalls in the recognition process. In this study, we analyze the two conceptually different approaches processing continuous, variable-length gesture sequences, which shows interesting results comparing the distinct gesture accomplishments. In addition, our results demonstrate that our ESN framework achieves comparably good performance as the LSTM network but has significantly lower training times. We conclude from the present work that ESNs are viable models for continuous gesture recognition delivering reasonable performance for applications requiring real-time performance as in robotic or rehabilitation tasks. From our discussion of this comparative study, we suggest prospective improvements on both the experimental and network architecture level.
The shape of the proton at high energies
Creators: name: Schlichting, Soeren
name: Schenke, Bjoern
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present first calculations of the fluctuating gluon distribution in a proton as a function of impact parameter and rapidity employing the functional Langevin form of the JIMWLK renormalization group equation. We demonstrate that when including effects of confinement by screening the long range Coulomb field of the color charges, the evolution is unitary. The large-x structure of the proton, characterized by the position of three valence quarks, retains an effect on the proton shape down to very small values of x. We determine the dipole scattering amplitude as a function of impact parameter and dipole size and extract the rapidity evolution of the saturation scale and the proton radius.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
BPA Endocrine Disruptor Detection at the Cutting Edge: FPIA and ELISA Immunoassays
Creators: name: Raysyan, Anna
name: Zwigart, Sandro D.
name: Eremin, Sergei A.
name: Schneider, Rudolf J.
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik::660 Chemische Verfahrenstechnik
subject: FPIA
subject: ELISA
subject: immunoassay
subject: bisphenol A
subject: endocrine disruptor

description: BPA is a chemical commonly used in the production of polymer-based materials that can have detrimental effects on the thyroid gland and impact human reproductive health. Various expensive methods, such as liquid and gas chromatography, have been suggested for detecting BPA. The fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is an inexpensive and efficient homogeneous mix-and-read method that allows for high-throughput screening. FPIA offers high specificity and sensitivity and can be carried out in a single phase within a timeframe of 20–30 min. In this study, new tracer molecules were designed that linked the fluorescein fluorophore with and without a spacer to the bisphenol A moiety. To assess the influence of the C6 spacer on the sensitivity of an assay based on the respective antibody, hapten–protein conjugates were synthesized and assessed for performance in an ELISA setup, and this resulted in a highly sensitive assay with a detection limit of 0.05 g/L. The lowest limit of detection was reached by employing the spacer derivate in the FPIA and was 1.0 μg/L, working range from 2 to 155 μg/L. The validation of the methods was conducted using actual samples compared to LC–MS/MS, which served as the reference method. The FPIA and ELISA both demonstrated satisfactory concordance.
Fast Frequency-domain Waveforms for Spin-Precessing Binary Inspirals
Creators: name: Klein, Antoine
name: Cornish, Neil
name: Yunes, Nicolás
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection and characterization of gravitational wave signals from compact binary coalescence events relies on accurate waveform templates in the frequency domain. The stationary phase approximation (SPA) can be used to compute closed-form frequency-domain waveforms for non-precessing, quasi-circular binary inspirals. However, until now, no fast frequency-domain waveforms have existed for generic, spin-precessing quasi-circular compact binary inspirals. Templates for these systems have had to be computed via a discrete Fourier transform of finely sampled time-domain waveforms, which is far more computationally expensive than those constructed directly in the frequency-domain, especially for those systems that are dominated by the inspiral part. There are two obstacles to deriving frequency-domain waveforms for precessing systems: (i) the spin-precession equations do not admit closed-form solutions for generic systems; (ii) the SPA fails catastrophically. Presently there is no general solution to the first problem, so we must resort to numerical integration of the spin precession equations. This is not a significant obstacle, as numerical integration on the slow precession timescale adds very little to the computational cost of generating the waveforms. Our main result is to solve the second problem, by providing an alternative to the SPA that we call the method of Shifted Uniform Asymptotics, or SUA, that cures the divergences in the SPA. The construction of frequency-domain templates using the SUA can be orders of magnitude more efficient than the time-domain ones obtained through a discrete Fourier transform. Moreover, this method is very faithful to the discrete Fourier transform, with mismatches on the order of $10^{-5}$.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures, 4 tables
Associations between meeting exercise guidelines, physical fitness, and health in people with spinal cord injury
Creators: name: Hoevenaars, Dirk
name: Holla, Jasmijn F. M.
name: Postma, Karin
name: van der Woude, Lucas H. V.
name: Janssen, Thomas W. J.
name: de Groot, Sonja
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: (1) To estimate the proportion of Dutch wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) who meet different SCI exercise guidelines; (2) to evaluate which demographic and lesion characteristics are associated with meeting these guidelines; (3) whether meeting these guidelines is associated with physical fitness and health. Based on the PASIPD questionnaire items, participants were allocated to meeting two SCI aerobic exercise guidelines, which differ in exercise load. Differences in personal, lesion, fitness, and health characteristics between groups were tested with a one-way ANOVA. Multiple regression analyses were performed to evaluate if meeting guidelines was associated with better fitness and health. Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05. Of the 358 included participants, 63.1% met at least one aerobic exercise guideline. Being female, older age, having tetraplegia, and lower educational level were associated with a lower likelihood to meet the aerobic exercise guidelines. Meeting aerobic exercise guidelines showed a positive association with all respiratory and exercise capacity parameters. Limited associations were found between meeting exercise guidelines and health. Meeting exercise guidelines was associated with better respiratory functions and exercise capacity with additional fitness and some body composition benefits in higher exercise activity levels.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONMeeting SCI exercise guidelines are associated with better respiratory functions and exercise capacity with additional fitness and body composition benefits when higher exercising at higher activity levels, emphasizing the value and importance of regular exercise in individuals with SCI. Meeting SCI exercise guidelines are associated with better respiratory functions and exercise capacity with additional fitness and body composition benefits when higher exercising at higher activity levels, emphasizing the value and importance of regular exercise in individuals with SCI.
Principles and philosophies for speech and language therapists working with people with primary progressive aphasia: an international expert consensus
Creators: name: Volkmer, A.
name: Cartwright, J.
name: Ruggero, L.
name: Beales, A.
name: Gallée, J.
name: Grasso, S.
name: Henry, M.
name: Jokel, R.
name: Kindell, J.
name: Khayum, R.
name: Pozzebon, M.
name: Rochon, E.
name: Taylor-Rubin, C.
name: Townsend, R.
name: Walker, F.
name: Beeke, S.
name: Hersh, D.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a language-led dementia associated with Alzheimer’s pathology and fronto-temporal lobar degeneration. Multiple tailored speech and language interventions have been developed for people with PPA. Speech and language therapists/speech-language pathologists (SLT/Ps) report lacking confidence in identifying the most pertinent interventions options relevant to their clients living with PPA during their illness trajectory. The aim of this study was to establish a consensus amongst 15 clinical-academic SLT/Ps on best practice in selection and delivery of speech and language therapy interventions for people with PPA. An online nominal group technique (NGT) and consequent focus group session were held. NGT rankings were aggregated and focus groups video recorded, transcribed, and reflexive thematic analysis undertaken. The results of the NGT identified 17 items. Two main themes and seven further subthemes were identified in the focus groups. The main themes comprised (1) philosophy of person-centredness and (2) complexity. The seven subthemes were knowing people deeply, preventing disasters, practical issues, professional development, connectedness, barriers and limitations, and peer support and mentoring towards a shared understanding. This study describes the philosophy of expert practice and outlines a set of best practice principles when working with people with PPA.Implications for rehabilitationPrimary progressive aphasia (PPA) describes a group of language led dementias which deteriorate inexorably over time.Providing speech and language therapy for people with PPA is complex and must be person centred and bespoke.This study describes the philosophy of expert practice and outlines a set of best practice principles for speech and language therapists/pathologists working with people with people with PPA. Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) describes a group of language led dementias which deteriorate inexorably over time. Providing speech and language therapy for people with PPA is complex and must be person centred and bespoke. This study describes the philosophy of expert practice and outlines a set of best practice principles for speech and language therapists/pathologists working with people with people with PPA.
Design of Control Elements in Virtual Reality—Investigation of Factors Influencing Operating Efficiency, User Experience, Presence, and Workload
Creators: name: Hinricher, Niels
name: Schröer, Chris
name: Backhaus, Claus
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie
subject: virtual prototype
subject: usability
subject: virtual reality
subject: VR
subject: control elements
subject: human–technology interaction

description: Virtual reality (VR) enables prototypes of devices to be evaluated in a simulation of a future usage environment. A disadvantage is the insufficient feedback design during the interaction with prototypes. In this study, we investigated how virtual control elements in VR must be designed to compensate for the lack of feedback. Therefore, 35 participants performed VR tasks using a virtual joystick and virtual rotary control. According to the design of experiments method, 12 factors, such as haptic feedback, sensitivity, size, and shape, were systematically varied. The control accuracy, task time, user experience, presence, and mental workload were recorded. The effect of a factor on the recorded parameters was examined using multifactorial ANOVA. Linear regression was used to calculate the mathematical models between the factors and parameters. These models were used to calculate the optimal design of the control elements in the VR. For rotary control, eight factors had a significant influence on the recorded parameters. There were seven factors for the joystick. With mathematical models, optimized control element designs for VR were calculated for the first time. These findings can help to better adapt prototypes and human–machine interfaces to different modalities in VR.
Open-Access-Konsortien als Instrument gemeinschaftlicher Open-Access-Finanzierung: Kollaboration als Erfolgsfaktor
Creators: name: Benz, Martina
name: Schulz, Katharina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Access
Non-APC

description: Open-Access-Konsortien organisieren die gemeinschaftliche Finanzierung von Open-Access-Publikationen. Dabei kann auf Erfahrungen aus dem traditionellen Konsortialbetrieb aufgebaut werden, der durch neue Aufgaben, Anforderungen an Publikationen, Konsorten und Konsortialführung erweitert wird. Vor allem betonen konsortiale Modelle den kollaborativen Charakter der Finanzierung. In unserem Vortrag berichten wir über die bisherigen Erfahrungen aus dem KOALA-Projekt (Konsortiale Open-Access-Lösungen aufbauen, BMBF-Projekt 2021-2023). Dabei gehen wir darauf ein, welche Aspekte wir für eine erfolgreiche Kollaboration in Open-Access-Konsortien identifizieren und wie diese zum Erreichen der Finanzierungsziele beiträgt. Aufbau und Betrieb von Konsortien erfordern eine eng abgestimmte Kooperation verschiedener Institutionen und Akteure. Für KOALA als Konsortialführerin bedeutet dies, eine Mittler-und Koordinationsrolle zwischen unterschiedlichen Denkweisen, Workflows und Begrifflichkeiten einzunehmen. Dies ist entscheidend, um arbeitsfähige Kooperationsstrukturen zu etablieren, gemeinsame Standards festzusetzen und schließlich eine gemeinschaftliche Open-Access-Finanzierung aufzubauen. So haben wir bspw. in der Akquise mit zahlreichen Herausgeber*inInnen, Redaktionen und Verlagen Gespräche geführt, die uns die Bandbreite institutioneller Kontexte, Bedarfe und Arbeitsweisen vor Augen geführt haben. Ihnen gegenüber erläutert KOALA bibliothekarische Mindeststandards und ein Verständnis der Prozesse einer Finanzverwaltung. Auf der anderen Seite unterstützt KOALA Bibliotheken, deren Erwerbungsentscheidungen auf Logiken aus der Subskriptionszeit basieren, Ausgaben für APC-freies Open Access argumentativ zu begründen. Schließlich befähigt KOALA Redaktionen, Verlage, Herausgeber*inInnen und Bibliotheken, innerhalb einer kollaborativen Konsortialstruktur die Open-Access-Transformation voranzutreiben. Interessengegensätze, z.B. zwischen Verlagen und Bibliotheken oder Zeitschriften lösen sich dabei nicht in Kollaborationsbeziehungen auf; die Kooperation im Konsortium erleichtert es aber, gemeinsame Standards zu etablieren, z.B. in Punkto Kostentransparenz gegenüber Verlagen. Über die erfolgreiche Finanzierung konkreter Publikationen hinaus sind die in KOALA gesammelten Erfahrungen wertvoll für die Diskussion von Möglichkeiten und Grenzen konsortialer Modelle als Instrumente gemeinschaftlicher Open-Access-Finanzierung.
Supplementary Materials.pdf
Creators: name: Winer-Jones, Jessamine
name: Hoffman, Andrew R
name: Raveendran, Subhara
name: Manjelievskaia, Janna
name: S Komirenko, Allison
name: Winer, Isabelle
name: Cheng, Jennifer
name: Bonafede, Machaon
name: Miner, Paul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 320208
subject: Endocrinology

description: This is the supplementary material for the article titled "Prevalence, treatment patterns, and characteristics of US adults with confirmed or at risk for growth hormone deficiency"
Influence of Virtual Reality on User Evaluation of Prototypes in the Development Process—A Comparative Study with Control Rooms for Onshore Drilling Rigs
Creators: name: Hinricher, Niels
name: König, Simon
name: Schröer, Chris
name: Backhaus, Claus
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie
subject: virtual prototype
subject: usability test
subject: virtual reality
subject: oil and gas industry
subject: human–technology interaction
subject: control room design
subject: VR

description: User evaluations of prototypes in virtual reality (VR) offer high potential for products that require resource-intensive prototype construction, such as drilling rigs. This study examined whether the user evaluation of a VR prototype for controlling an onshore drilling rigproduces results comparable to an evaluation in the real world. Using a between-subject design, 16 drilling experts tested a prototype in VR and reality. The experts performed three different work processes and evaluated their satisfaction based on task performance, user experience, and usability via standardized questionnaires. A test leader evaluated the effectiveness of the work process execution using a 3-level rating scheme. The number of user interactions and time on task were recorded. There were no significant differences in the effectiveness, number of interactions required, perceived usability, and satisfaction with respect to task performance. In VR, the drilling experts took significantly more time to complete tasks and rated the efficiency of the VR prototype significantly higher. Overall, the real-world evaluation provided more insights into prototype optimization. Nevertheless, several usability issues have been identified in VR. Therefore, user evaluations in VR are particularly suitable in the early development phases to identify usability issues, without the need to produce real prototypes.
Evolution of the transverse photoelectron momentum distribution for atomic ionization driven by a laser pulse with varying ellipticity
Creators: name: Ivanov, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the process of atomic ionization driven by a laser pulse with varying ellipticity. We study distribution of the momenta of the photoelectrons, ionized by a strong laser field, emitted in the direction perpendicular to the polarization plane (transverse distribution). We show, that with changing laser pulse ellipticity, the transverse distribution evolves from the singular cusp-like distribution for the close to linear polarization to the smooth gaussian-like structure for the close to circular polarization. In the latter case, when the ellipticity parameter $ε\to 1$ the strong-field approximation formula for the transverse momentum distribution becomes quantitatively correct.
Collective modes in two- and three-dimensional electron systems with Rashba spin-orbit coupling
Creators: name: Maiti, Saurabh
name: Zyuzin, Vladimir
name: Maslov, Dmitrii L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to charge plasmons, a 2D electron system with Rashba-type spin-orbit coupling (SOC) also supports three collective modes in the spin sector: the chiral-spin modes. We study the dispersions of the charge and spin modes and their coupling to each other within a generalized Random Phase Approximation for arbitrarily strong SOC, and both in 2D and 3D systems. In both 2D and 3D, we find that the charge plasmons are coupled to only one of the three chiral-spin modes. This coupling is shown to affect the dispersions of the modes at finite but not at zero wavenumbers. In 3D, the chiral-spin modes are strongly damped by particle-hole excitations and disappear for weak electron-electron interaction. Landau damping of the chiral-spin modes in 3D is directly related to the fact that, in contrast to 2D, there is no gap for particle-hole excitations between spin-split subbands. The gapless continuum is also responsible for Landau damping of the charge plasmon in 3D - a qualitatively new feature of the SOC system. We also discuss the optical conductivity of clean 2D and 3D systems and show that SOC introduces spectral weight at finite frequency in a such way that the sum rule is satisfied. The in-plane tranverse chiral-spin mode shows up as dispersing peak in the optical conductivity at finite number which can can be measured in the presence of diffraction grating. We also discuss possible experimental manifestations of chiral-spin modes in semiconductor quantum wells such InGaAs/AlGaAs and 3D giant Rashba materials of the BiTeI family.
description: 31pp, 25 figs
Economic Crisis Management Through Taxation Adjustments in Nigerian Construction Projects
Creators: name: Nze, Chinonyelum Obianuju Nancy, Nnadi, Ezekiel Oluwaseun Ejiofor
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: In Nigeria, taxation serves as a mandatory financial instrument for national interests, wealth redistribution,and economic stability. This study investigates the impact of tax adjustments on mitigating economic crisesin the construction sector from 2020 to 2024. The research examines project viability, job creation, andcontinuity, evaluating amendable levy arrangements, identifying profitable financial approaches, anddiscussing challenges in implementing these strategies to enhance sectoral resilience. The study employsthematic analysis, comparative regional policy evaluation, and case studies to highlight issues such asconstruction costs, investment trends, government revenue fluctuations, project viability, employment,compliance, and macroeconomic effects. Tax revenues in the construction industry steadily increased from₦10 billion in 2020 to a peak of over ₦50 billion in 2023, driven by aggressive tax adjustments, improvedcompliance, and economic recovery. A slight decline to ₦42.5 billion in 2024 suggests the introduction oftax relief measures or reduced construction activity. The construction indicator showed consistentimprovement, reaching baseline efficiency (100%) in 2024, reflecting recovery from inefficienciesobserved in 2020 (123%) and 2021 (118%). Nigeria's GDP growth fluctuated, with a significantcontraction in 2021 (-1.79%) during the post-pandemic recovery, followed by stabilization at 2.86% in2024. Inflation rates, however, rose steadily, from 11.40% in 2020 to 24.66% in 2024, imposingmacroeconomic challenges. Key reforms, such as the 2020 Finance Act, which increased VAT to 7.5%,contributed significantly to higher revenues, with VAT collection peaking at 45.02% in 2023 beforestabilizing at 19.10% in 2024. These findings underline the necessity of balanced tax policies to sustaineconomic stability, emphasizing their role in mitigating crises and ensuring the viability of constructionprojects. The insights aim to guide Quantity Surveyors in incorporating tax adjustments into cost estimates,enabling adaptive strategies during economic downturns while fostering sectoral and national resilience.
LOFT - the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing
Creators: name: Zane, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LOFT (the Large Observatory for X-ray Timing), is a mission concept that was considered by ESA as a candidate for an M3 mission and has been studied during an extended >2-years long assessment phase. The mission was specifically designed to perform fast X-ray timing and probe the status of the matter near black holes and neutron stars. The LOFT scientific payload is composed of a Large Area Detector (LAD) and a Wide Field Monitor (WFM). The LAD is a 10 m^2-class pointed instrument with about 15 times the collecting area of the largest past timing missions (as the Rossi XTE) over the 2-30 keV range (30-80 keV expanded), combined with CCD-class spectral resolution, which holds the capability to revolutionise studies of X-ray variability down to the millisecond time scales. Its ground-breaking characteristic is a mass per unit surface in the range of 10 kg/m^2, enabling an effective area of about 10 m^2 (at 8 keV) at a reasonable weight. The development of such large but light experiment, with low mass and power per unit area, is now made possible by the recent advancements in the field of large-area silicon drift detectors and capillary-plate X-ray collimators. Although the LOFT mission has not been down-selected for launch in the M3 ESA programme (with launch in 2022-2024), during the assessment phase most of the trade off have been closed leading to a robust and well documented design which will be re-proposed in the future ESA calls. In this paper, we will summarize the characteristics of the LAD instrument and briefly describe the status of the detectors design.
description: Accepted for publication on JINST (in press)
title: Timing of currency market factor strategies using machine learning
Creators: name: Atanasov, Georgi
Year: 2023

description: Diese Masterarbeit konzentriert sich auf Carry-, Value- und Momentum in Devisenmärkten und untersucht, ob sich Modelle des maschinellen Lernens beim Timing der Faktoren vorteilhafter gegenüber herkömmlichen Modellen erweisen. Das faktorbasierte Investieren ist in der Literatur ausführlich dokumentiert. Dennoch entdeckt eine wachsende Zahl akademischer Forschungen die Modelle des maschinellen Lernens wieder, um neue Erkenntnisse sowohl in gut untersuchten als auch in wenig erforschten Bereichen zu liefern. Die Masterarbeit verwendet tägliche Daten zu Devisenkassakursen und Devisenterminkursen sowie Indizes, die Volatilität, Liquidität, makroökonomische Dynamik und Kapitalflüsse berücksichtigen. Die Modelle werden mit gleitenden Zeitfenstern trainiert, um eine Vorhersage für die Rendite der nächsten Periode zu erhalten. Basierend auf der Prognose wird das Faktorportfolio neu gewichtet. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass Faktor-Timing die Entwicklung der meisten Faktoren verbessert. Darüber hinaus liefern Algorithmen des maschinellen Lernens eine viel bessere Leistung im Vergleich zu einem logistischen Regressionsansatz.
description: This master thesis focuses on carry, value and momentum factors in currency markets and examines whether machine learning models may prove superior than traditional models in timing factor portfolios. Factor investing has been thoroughly documented in the literature. Nevertheless, growing number of academic research rediscovers machine learning models in an attempt to provide new insights in both well investigated and under researched fields. The paper uses daily data of currency spot and forward exchange rates as well as indices accounting for volatility, liquidity, macroeconomic and capital flows dynamics. The models are trained with moving time windows in order to obtain a single prediction for a next period return. Based on the prediction the factor portfolios are systematically rebalanced. The results suggest that factor timing enhances the performance of the majority of the factors. Moreover, the timed factor portfolios using machine learning algorithms deliver superior risk-return trade-offs in comparison to a logistic regression approach.
Functional Determinant of the Massive Laplace Operator and the Multiplicative Anomaly
Creators: name: Cognola, G.
name: Elizalde, E.
name: Zerbini, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After a brief survey of zeta function regularization issues and of the related multiplicative anomaly, illustrated with a couple of basic examples, namely the harmonic oscillator and quantum field theory at finite temperature, an application of these methods to the computation of functional determinants corresponding to massive Laplacians on spheres in arbitrary dimensions is presented. Explicit formulas are provided for the Laplace operator on spheres in $N=1,2,3,4$ dimensions and for `vector' and `tensor' Laplacians on the unitary sphere $S^4$.
description: 15 pages, LaTex
Electronic Supplementary Materials: from Social disappointment and partner presence affect long-tailed macaque refusal behaviour in an ‘inequity aversion’ experiment
Creators: name: Titchener, Rowan
name: Thiriau, Constance
name: Hüser, Timo
name: Scherberger, Hansjörg
name: Fischer, Julia
name: Keupp, Stefanie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protest in response to unequal reward distribution is thought to have played a central role in the evolution of human cooperation. Some animals refuse food and become demotivated when rewarded more poorly than a conspecific, and this has been taken as evidence that non-human animals, like humans, protest in the face of inequity. An alternative explanation—social disappointment—shifts the cause of this discontent away from the unequal reward, to the human experimenter who could—but elects not to—treat the subject well. This study investigates whether social disappointment could explain frustration behaviour in long-tailed macaques, Macaca fascicularis. We tested 12 monkeys in a novel ‘inequity aversion’ paradigm. Subjects had to pull a lever and were rewarded with low-value food; in half of the trials, a partner worked alongside the subjects receiving high-value food. Rewards were distributed either by a human or a machine. In line with the social disappointment hypothesis, monkeys rewarded by the human refused food more often than monkeys rewarded by the machine. Our study extends previous findings in chimpanzees and suggests that social disappointment plus social facilitation or food competition effects drive food refusal patterns.
Co-Publishing von Open Access-Monographien – Erfahrungen der Universität Stuttgart und dem KIT
Creators: name: Drößler, Stefan
name: Sikorski, Joanna
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Access-Monographien
Co-Publishing
TU9
KIT Scientific Publishing
Universitätsbibliothek Stuttgart
Open Access

description: In den vergangenen Jahren gab es viele Projekte zum Thema Open Access-Monographien, die durch internationale Förderungen und Initiativen entstanden sind. Es konnte sich dadurch eine vielfältige Landschaft an Services herausbilden, die in diesem Bereich ein breites und forschungsfreundliches Angebot darstellen. Ihre Nachnutzung bietet Bibliotheken eine notwendige Chance sich in diese verteilte Infrastruktur einzugliedern. Denn die Möglichkeiten wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken zur Investition und zum Ausbau ihrer Infrastrukturen für die Publikation von Open Access-Monographien erfordern größere Investitionen in personelle und technische Ressourcen der Infrastruktur. Eine weitere Möglichkeit nachhaltige Alternativen für forschungsnahe Publikationsservices für Open Access-Monographien anzubieten, eröffnen Co-Publishing-Modelle. Im BMBF-Projekt TU9_Monos wird die Ausgestaltung eines solchen Modells von zwei Bibliotheken der TU9 (UB Stuttgart, KIT-Bibliothek) mit dem internationalen Verlagsanbieter Ubiquity Press getestet und darüber hinaus zusätzlich Optionen ausgelotet, die die Partnerschaft ergänzen und den Anschluss an technische Innovationen sicherstellen. Beide Standorte haben unterschiedliche Ausstattungen und Bedarfe und verfolgen deshalb im Projekt jeweils unterschiedliche Zielsetzungen, so dass sie auch für weitere Bibliotheken Modellcharakter haben (können). Im Rahmen der Open Access-Tage 2022 können die bisherigen Erfahrungen der Kollaboration vorgestellt werden.
Quantum Metrology with Dicke Squeezed States
Creators: name: Zhang, Zhen
name: Duan, Luming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new class of quantum many-particle entangled states, called the Dicke squeezed (or DS) states, which can be used to improve the precision in quantum metrology beyond the standard quantum limit. We show that the enhancement in measurement precision is characterized by a single experimentally detectable parameter, called the Dicke squeezing $ξ_{D}$, which also bounds the entanglement depth for this class of states. The measurement precision approaches the ultimate Heisenberg limit as $ξ_{D}$ attains the minimum in an ideal Dicke state. Compared with other entangled states, we show that the Dicke squeezed states are more robust to decoherence and give better measurement precision under typical experimental noise.
Stochastic modeling on fragmentation process over lifetime and its dynamical scaling law of fragment distribution
Creators: name: Ito, Shin-ichi
name: Yukawa, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a stochastic model of a fragmentation process, developed by taking into account fragment lifetime as a function of their size based on the Gibrat process. If lifetime is determined by a power function of fragment size, numerical results indicate that size distributions at different times can be collapsed into a single time-invariant curve by scaling size by average fragment size (i.e., the distribution obeys the dynamical scaling law). If lifetime is determined by a logarithmic function of fragment size, the distribution does not obey the scaling law. The necessary and sufficient condition that the scaling law is obeyed is obtained by a scaling analysis of the master equation.
Additional file 1 of Effect of presentation rate on auditory processing in Rett syndrome: event-related potential study
Creators: name: Kostanian, Daria
name: Rebreikina, Anna
name: Voinova, Victoria
name: Sysoeva, Olga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1 contains supplementary tables and a supplementary figure.
Stuck in Transition? Transformationsverträge aus einer spieltheoretischen Betrachtung
Creators: name: Schönfelder, Nina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Access Transition
Transformative Agreements

description: Dieser Vortrag wurde auf den Open-Access-Tage 2022 in Bern gehalten. Die Open-Access-Transformation umfasst mehrere Dimensionen: Publikationen, Periodika, Etas, Umsätze und Workflows auf individueller, institutioneller, nationaler und internationaler Ebene. Die Open-Access-Transformation kann entlang dieser Dimensionen gemessen werden, jedoch variieren die Schlussfolgerungen je nach Wahl der Dimension stark. So bringen die DEAL-Verträge mit Wiley und Springer Nature zweifelsohne viele Artikel in den Open Access, die ansonsten im Closed Access erschienen wären. Der Anteil der Open-Access-Publikationen an allen Publikationen von deutschen Wissenschaftseinrichtung steigt stark an. Auf der anderen Seite ist durch die international zahlreich abgeschlossenen Transformationsverträge kein Flipping von hybriden Zeitschriften in den Open Access im nennenswerten Umfang zu erkennen. Statt Bezahlschranken für das Lesen entstehen Bezahlschranken für das Publizieren. Der Vortrag beleuchtet Transformationsverträge wie Read & Publish und Publish & Read aus spieltheoretischer Sicht: Inwieweit können diese Modelle beitragen die Wissenschaftskommunikation über Fachzeitschriften global in den Open Access zu transformieren? Ist mit ihnen das Ziel 100% Artikel OA realistisch? Was bedeutet dies für die Erwerbungsbudgets von wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken und die Umsätze von Wissenschaftsverlagen? Welcher Koordinationsaufwand ist damit verbunden? Dieser Beitrag setzt sich mit den folgenden zwei, zentralen Thesen auseinander: Read & Publish-Verträge werden keinen massiven Fortschritt in der Open-Access-Transformation erzielen. Publish & Read-Verträge werden ohne massive, zusätzliche Mittel für publikationsstarke Einrichtungen keinen nennenswerten Beitrag zur OA-Transformation leisten. Zudem haben sie unvorteilhafte Eigenschaften in Bezug auf Koordinationskosten, Workflow-Anpassungen und Timing.
Blind foreground subtraction for intensity mapping experiments
Creators: name: Alonso, David
name: Bull, Philip
name: Ferreira, Pedro G.
name: Santos, Mario G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make use of a large set of fast simulations of an intensity mapping experiment with characteristics similar to those expected of the Square Kilometre Array (SKA) in order to study the viability and limits of blind foreground subtraction techniques. In particular, we consider different approaches: polynomial fitting, principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). We review the motivations and algorithms for the three methods, and show that they can all be described, using the same mathematical framework, as different approaches to the blind source separation problem. We study the efficiency of foreground subtraction both in the angular and radial (frequency) directions, as well as the dependence of this efficiency on different instrumental and modelling parameters. For well-behaved foregrounds and instrumental effects we find that foreground subtraction can be successful to a reasonable level on most scales of interest. We also quantify the effect that the cleaning has on the recovered signal and power spectra. Interestingly, we find that the three methods yield quantitatively similar results, with PCA and ICA being almost equivalent.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures