cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nameplate Rating of Photovoltaic Modules: Update on EN 50380 and UL 4730 - Impact for the Industry or better Marking and Documentation requirements
Creators: name: Jaeckel, B.
name: Cosic, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1959-1963
description: Nameplate, datasheet, instruction or user manual, markings and documentation: A lot of terms that are floating
around while a manufacturer tries to get his product documentation done right. Based on existing standards actually
this is very challenging since standards for one product sometimes require different information and it is not clear
what is mandatory and what is voluntary information.
IEC 61730, 61215/61646, 61853-1, EN 50380 and UL 4730, all provide some input on marking and documentation
requirements. During the project formation and several discussions to update EN 50380 it turned out to be clear that
there is a need for unified marking and documentation requirements. With the idea of the new EN 50380 nameplate
and datasheet are well covered because they are part of the product markings and the documentation. The
manufacturer should be able to choose what information to put on e.g. datasheet vs. user manual. It is only important
that the product can be used safely in the end application. It sounds strange, but from a product safety and installation
point of view performance does not really matter.
Based on these more substantial changes it is much more difficult to compare EN 50380 with UL 4730. After giving
several terms needed for the understanding and a detailed motivation for the changes to EN 50380, combined with
some background of UL 4730 a more high level comparison of the standards will be given. This overview is provided
as a table and compared directly to the more common, newly updated IEC safety standards.
The nameplate is part of the product markings, here the PV module, and typically shows several ratings e.g. Pmax
and Isc. Not only to create the nameplate some definitions are needed, but it is also important to be able to verify such
parameters. Therefore the terms and definition sections discuss the impact of measurement uncertainties (MU),
manufacturer tolerance (MT), binning of PV modules based on their performance determination but also laboratory
terms like accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility. Words that on a first look basically mean the same, but they
have small, but important differences. To understand those terms when evaluating the acceptance and pass criteria not
only for the nameplate standards, but also for the upcoming revision of IEC 61215, is essential.
A Comparison of PV Performance Prediction Model Types for Different Technologies from Outdoor Measurements
Creators: name: Ransome, S.
name: Sutterlueti, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1893-1897
description: PV Performance Models should deliver unbiased performance understanding and prediction with best
accuracy for optimised project assessments and reduced risk for the asset owner. Therefore the appropriate model
should be utilized. PV Performance models derive their coefficients from IV curves at different irradiances and
temperatures, fitting either the entire IV curve (e.g. 1-Diode), a selection of points and gradients (e.g. Loss Factors
Model) or just modelling the maximum power point (e.g. Matrix method). The performance of a good c-Si, a good
thin film and a bad thin film (with poor RSC and ROC) measured by NREL has been analysed with all three models.
The relative energy yield for Colorado is compared as an example. These models are being studied to be incorporated
into Gantner Instruments Web Portal software for optimum performance modelling and understanding.
Module Characterisation of a Roof Integrated PV System After a 12-Years Operation Period in the Swiss Midlands
Creators: name: Dittmann, S.
name: Friesen, T.
name: Frontini, F.
name: Wolfer, U.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1838-1841
description: This paper presents an accurate test campaign and investigation of module failures of a 2.65 kWp building
integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) system installed in 2003 on a private roof in the Swiss Midlands. Due to a strong
degradation of the plant’s power, the modules were dismounted and replaced within the guarantee. The PV modules
were tested in SUPSI’s accredited Swiss PV Module Test Centre in accordance to IEC 61215 standards with visual
inspection, insulation and wet leakage tests. Performance measurements at STC were done as well to verify their
actual power. Electroluminescence (EL) and infrared images (IR) were taken to observe hotspots and cell damages.
The authors observed significant differences of -10 to -75% to the nominal power of the modules after a 12-years
operation period. Furthermore, laboratory tests confirmed measurement artifacts in I-V curves.
The visual inspection showed damages and blistering of the back sheets, discoloration of PV cells and corrosion
of the bus bars which can be related to the hotspots observed in the EL and IR- images.
Degradation and Reliability of Fielded c-Si PV Modules over 28 Years in China
Creators: name: Dong, X.
name: Wang, H.
name: Jin, Y.
name: Huang, J.
name: Shen, H.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1842-1846
description: In this paper, we collected 177 multi-crystalline silicon modules which had been installed in Hainan
Province of China, where the modules had been operating under typical subtropical climates for 23 years (1986-2008).
The modules were measured by ISES in Guangzhou in 2009 and very low power degradation (relative decay of 6.8%
in average) was detected. To understand how long these modules continue operation, 144 modules with a mean
degradation rate of 4% were selected to re-install a small on-grid system and monitored since Oct, 2010. Their
outdoor performance were quite comparable with other c-Si PV modules installed recently in southern China. The
modules were re-measured in 2014, an average degradation of 5.4% in relative to their original power was found.
Two test results showed that the modules’ degradation mainly caused by decrease of current Im and Isc. The result
demonstrated excellent reliability of silicon wafer-based PV modules, indicating that the potential lifetime of modules
over 30-year with degradation <10% is possible. Besides, material tests were done to help analyzing degradation
mechanisms. We found that although there’s a high optical loss from EVA and high water-vapor transmission of
back-sheet, modules kept very good performance. It’s speculated there’s a threshold that electrical degradation would
become the main degradation cause instead of the optical loss for the Solarex modules as time going.
Analysis of Crystalline Silicon PV Modules After 30 Years of Outdoor Exposure
Creators: name: Lopez-Garcia, J.
name: Pozza, A.
name: Sample, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2015
Subjects: OPERATIONS, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY OF PHOTOVOLTAICS (FROM CELLS TO SYSTEMS)
PV Modules

description: 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1847-1853
description: In order to assure that the generation of photovoltaic based electricity is economically costeffective,
it is crucial to ensure the long-term reliability and lifetime of all parts of the PV system and in
particular of the photovoltaic modules. Standardized tests, such as IEC 61215 and IEC 61646, have been
used to assess PV modules and have aided the steady growth of the PV market. However, these tests were
designed for the detection of modules design, manufacturing and material flaws which can lead to an
early failure, but they do not address the issues related to degradation over long periods of time and wear
out mechanims. For this purpose, it is important to analyse the degradation mechanisms of PV modules
that have been field exposed for long periods of time, in order to detect failure modes that occur in the
field and develop accelerated stress test that can replicate them. This work presents the analysis of a set of
28 crystalline silicon PV modules that were exposed outdoor for more than 30 years without cleaning.
The modules are silicon wafer based modules incorporating different types of front glass and cell layout,
but the same silicone encapsulant. The modules were analysed by electrical characterization, visual
inspection, electroluminescence and thermal imaging.
Universal rules for visible-light absorption in hybrid perovskite materials
Creators: name: Kato, Masato
name: Fujiseki, Takemasa
name: Miyadera, Tetsuhiko
name: Sugita, Takeshi
name: Fujimoto, Shohei
name: Tamakoshi, Masato
name: Chikamatsu, Masayuki
name: Fujiwara, Hiroyuki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (APbX3) consisting of mixed center cations [A = CH3NH3+, HC(NH2)2+, Cs+] with different PbX3- cages (X = I, Br, Cl) have been developed to realize high-efficiency solar cells. Nevertheless, clear understanding for the effects of A and X on the optical transition has been lacking. Here, we present universal rules that allow the unified interpretation of the optical absorption in various hybrid perovskites. In particular, we find that the influence of the A-site cation on the light absorption is rather significant and the absorption coefficient (alpha) reduces to half when CH3NH3+ is replaced with HC(NH2)2+ in the APbI3 system. Our density functional theory (DFT) calculations reproduce all of the fine absorption features observed in HC(NH2)2PbI3 and CH3NH3PbBr3, allowing the unique assignment of the interband transitions in the Brillouin zone. In contrast to general understanding that the A-site cation involves weakly in the optical process, our theoretical calculations reveal that the center cation plays a critical role in the interband transition and the absorption strength in the visible region is modified by the strong A-X interaction. Furthermore, our systematic analyses show that the variation of the absorption spectrum with X can be described simply by the well-known sum rule. The universal rules established in this study explain the large reduction of alpha in HC(NH2)2PbI3 and predict CsPbI3 as the highest alpha material.
description: 34 pages, 13 figures
UniSAFE: Paris-Est Créteil University –institutional policy to address gender-based violence
Creators: name: Andreska, Zuzana
name: Huck, Averil
name: Linkova, Marcela
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gender based-violence
policy framework
gender+
institutional policy

description: UniSAFE has mapped the policies and measures to address and combat GBV in 48 universities and research organisations in 15 European countries. For each institution, the team created Vignettes which present national context, institutional policy, training, role in knowledge production, content of the policy, institutional procedure and implementation of the policy.
Design, Start Up and Society Benefits of a PV Solar Cell Laboratory
Creators: name: Quinto, C.
name: Ocaña, L.
name: Montes, C.
name: Linares, A.
name: Llarena, E.
name: González-Diaz, B.
name: González-Pérez, S.
name: Guerrero-Lemus, R.
name: Friend, M.
name: Cendagorta, M.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Issues

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4113-4118
description: One of the most recent and ambitious efforts on the Photovoltaic R&D field that ITER has undertaken has been the installation of a state of the art solar cell fabrication and characterization laboratory, the first of its kind in West Africa. The laboratory has been designed in synergy with the AIET and ULL to improve and expand the scientific and technological infrastructures of ITER towards its continued pursuit to achieve a real parity of Renewable Energy in the economic fabric. Besides, the laboratory provides a high level technology infrastructure, in order to enable the educational community with the means to complete their training (Masters, PhD, etc) focused on the scientific development of the society. The present paper will summarize the achieved experiences during the
laboratory design and start up, as well as the impact that such project is already making on the educational community.
Analytical Error Analysis of Clifford Gates by the Fault-Path Tracer Method
Creators: name: Janardan, Smitha
name: Tomita, Yu
name: Gutierrez, Mauricio
name: Brown, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We estimate the success probability of quantum protocols composed of Clifford operations in the presence of Pauli errors. Our method is derived from the fault-point formalism previously used to determine the success rate of low-distance error correction codes. Here we apply it to a wider range of quantum protocols and identify circuit structures that allow for efficient calculation of the exact success probability and even the final distribution of output states. As examples, we apply our method to the Bernstein-Vazirani algorithm and the Steane [[7,1,3]] quantum error correction code and compare the results to Monte Carlo simulations.
description: References added. Modification of introduction to remove an erroneous "intractable"
A Colored Khovanov Homotopy Type And Its Tail For B-Adequate Links
Creators: name: Willis, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We define a Khovanov homotopy type for $sl_2(\mathbb{C})$ colored links and quantum spin networks and derive some of its basic properties. In the case of $n$-colored B-adequate links, we show a stabilization of the homotopy types as the coloring $n\rightarrow\infty$, generalizing the tail behavior of the colored Jones polynomial. Finally, we also provide an alternative, simpler stabilization in the case of the colored unknot.
description: This new version contains many new results including a Khovanov homotopy type for general link diagrams involving Jones-Wenzl projectors and their properties, as well as a stabilization result for the tails of the homotopy types of B-adequate links; 38 pages, 14 figures, 3 tables
Multi-Regge kinematics and azimuthal angle observables for inclusive four-jet production
Creators: name: Caporale, F.
name: Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni
name: Chachamis, G.
name: Vera, A. Sabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate differential cross sections for production of four jets in multi-Regge kinematics at a hadron collider. The main focus lies on azimuthal angle dependences. As in previous studies, the ratios of correlation functions of products of cosines of azimuthal angle differences among the tagged jets offer us the cleanest quantities to compare with experimental data. The calculations are based on the jet production from a single BFKL ladder with a convolution of three BFKL Green functions where we always have two forward/backward jets tagged in the final state. We also demand the tagging of two further jets in more central regions of the detectors with a relative separation in rapidity from each other, plus the inclusive production of an arbitrary number of mini-jets. We show that dependences on the transverse momenta and rapidity of the two central jets can be a distinct signal of the onset of BFKL dynamics.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Sophi@Webinar the Advanced E-Learning Platform of the Photovoltaic European Research Infrastructure FP7-SOPHIA Project
Creators: name: Roca, F.
name: Pavia, L.
name: Casaburi, D.
name: Cipolletta, G.
name: Mancuccini, G.
name: Pirozzi, S.
name: Vita, A.
name: Beone, F.
name: Steffé, M.
name: Augarten, Y.
name: Lauermann, I.
name: Assoa, B.Y.
name: Bergeron, F.
name: Bennett, I.
name: De Bruijne, M.
name: Gevorgyan, S.
name: Hüpkes, J.
name: Köhl, M.
name: Kroon, J.
name: Merten, J.
name: Misara, S.
name: Pettersen, T.
name: Schubert, M.
name: Siefer, G.
name: Taylor, N.
name: Theologitis, I.T.
name: Malbranche, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Issues

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4132-4137
description: FP7-SOPHIA project coordinated by CEA-INES, is the European research infrastructure project which brings together 20 European PV RTD Organizations and associations like EPIA, EUREC and DerLab to strengthen and optimize the research capabilities.in the field of PV technologies. The tight and frequent interaction among toplevel experts of the SOPHIA consortium is essential to realize the necessary collaborative network. On the other hand the huge quantity of research areas of common interest, joint to plenty of equipment and procedures currently utilized demand combinations of disciplines and top-class scientists are not available at a single research institute. Sustaining the training programme by a more traditional in-person and on-site approach constitutes a threat given the constraints on financial budgets and time availability of the experts. To address these needs SOPHIA has developed on-line solution: SOPHi@webinar, the e-learning platform of FP7-SOPHIA project requires no more than a set of interconnected computers with suitable software and hardware.
International trade, market risk, and multinational corporations
Creators: name: Su, Qi
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Internatinonaler Handel
subject: Begrenzter Technologietransfer
subject: Marktrisiko
subject: Multinationale Unternehmen
subject: International trade
subject: Limited technological transfer
subject: Market risk
subject: Multinational corporations
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: 17 Wirtschaft
subject: QR 200

description: In dieser Arbeit werden in vier Kapiteln vier Themen der Weltwirtschaft behandelt: (1) Weshalb konzentrieren sich intra-industrieller Handel und intra-industrielle Investitionen auf Industrieländer? (2) Wieso ist es für ein multinationales Unternehmen wichtig, dauerhaft Technologieführer zu sein? (3) Weshalb sind multinationale Unternehmen in Bezug auf risikoaverses Verhalten erfolgreicher? (4) Weshalb ist freie Faktormobilität nicht ausreichend, um eine Produktionskonvergenz zwischen Industrie- und Entwicklungsländern herzustellen? Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Arbeit zeigen, dass die traditionelle Außenhandelstheorie neue Phänomene in Bezug auf Handel und Investitionen erklären kann. Es wird gezeigt, dass eingeschränkter Technologietransfer einen minimalen Effekt auf die Zielmärkte hat, dass ein multinationales Unternehmen das aus verschiedenen Märkten resultierende Risiko besser bewältigen kann und dass freie Faktormobilität nicht ausreicht, um eine Konvergenz in der Produktion zwischen multinationalen Unternehmen - und damit eine wirtschaftliche Annährung - zu erzielen.
description: This thesis is mainly aimed to explain four topics in the world economy in four chapters respectively: 1) why intraindustry trade or investment concentrates in developed countries; 2) Why it is important for a multinational corporation to hold technological leadership; 3) why being a multinational can be more superior in terms of risk aversion; 4) why free factor mobility is not sufficient to help production convergence between developed and developing firms. The major findings show that traditional trade theory can accommodate new phenomena of trade and investment; restrained technological transfer has trivial effect on the transferees' markets; being a multinational corporation can more conformably bear the risks variously sourced from different markets; and free factor movement is not sufficient to promote production convergence among multinational corporations and thus economic convergence among countries.
On the problem of non-zero word error rates for fixed-rate error correction codes in continuous variable quantum key distribution
Creators: name: Johnson, Sarah J.
name: Lance, Andrew M.
name: Ong, Lawrence
name: Shirvanimoghaddam, Mahyar
name: Ralph, T. C.
name: Symul, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The maximum operational range of continuous variable quantum key distribution protocols has shown to be improved by employing high-efficiency forward error correction codes. Typically, the secret key rate model for such protocols is modified to account for the non-zero word error rate of such codes. In this paper, we demonstrate that this model is incorrect: Firstly, we show by example that fixed-rate error correction codes, as currently defined, can exhibit efficiencies greater than unity. Secondly, we show that using this secret key model combined with greater than unity efficiency codes, implies that it is possible to achieve a positive secret key over an entanglement breaking channel - an impossible scenario. We then consider the secret key model from a post-selection perspective, and examine the implications for key rate if we constrain the forward error correction codes to operate at low word error rates.
description: 10 pages 12 figures
An Overview of Patent Application Data in the Field of Photovoltaics
Creators: name: Visentin, A.
name: Boero, M.
name: Königstein, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Issues

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4144-4147
description: The present study is aimed at giving an update on patent activities in the photovoltaics (PV) field  covering the past 40 years. In this study, the number of patent applications published during this time period, per year and for the whole period, in several of the most relevant solar cell technologies is analysed. Patent filing figures and the origin of patent applications are shown for the different types of solar cells including polymer and organic solar cells, and dye sensitized solar cells.
An Effective Field Theory Approach to the Stabilization of $^8$Be in a QED Plasma
Creators: name: Yao, Xiaojun
name: Mehen, Thomas
name: Müller, Berndt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use effective field theory to study the $\mathrmα$-$\mathrmα$ resonant scattering in a finite-temperature QED plasma. The static plasma screening effect causes the resonance state $^8$Be to live longer and eventually leads to the formation of a bound state when $m_D\gtrsim 0.3$ MeV. We speculate that this effect may have implications on the rates of cosmologically and astrophysically relevant nuclear reactions involving $\mathrmα$ particles.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures, Journal reference and DOI added, typos corrected
Compactification of strata of abelian differentials
Creators: name: Bainbridge, Matt
name: Chen, Dawei
name: Gendron, Quentin
name: Grushevsky, Samuel
name: Moeller, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We describe the closure of the strata of abelian differentials with prescribed type of zeros and poles, in the projectivized Hodge bundle over the Deligne-Mumford moduli space of stable curves with marked points. We provide an explicit characterization of pointed stable differentials in the boundary of the closure, both a complex analytic proof and a flat geometric proof for smoothing the boundary differentials, and numerous examples. The main new ingredient in our description is a global residue condition arising from a full order on the dual graph of a stable curve.
description: v2: Final version, to appear in Duke Mathematical Journal. Various small corrections, additions, and clarifications
Characteristic classes of star products on Marsden-Weinstein reduced symplectic manifolds
Creators: name: Reichert, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53D55

description: In this note we consider a quantum reduction scheme in deformation quantization on symplectic manifolds proposed by Bordemann, Herbig and Waldmann based on BRST cohomology. We explicitly construct the induced map on equivalence classes of star products which will turn out to be an analogue to the Kirwan map but in the Cartan model of equivariant cohomology. As a byproduct we shall see that every star product on a (suitable) reduced manifold is equivalent to a reduced star product.
description: updated to published version
The EU-IoT Framework for Internet of Things Skills: Closing the Talent Gap
Creators: name: SOLDATOS, JOHN
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Internet of Things
Skills
Future of Work
Big Data
Edge Computing
Cloud Computing
Machine Learning
Skills Framework
Training
Upskilling
Reskilling

description: This whitepaper aims at shedding light in the IoT skills shortage issue, while at the same time introducing EU-IoT tools for alleviating the problem. Specifically, this whitepaper: Reviews and presents the wide array of different IoT skills needed for the development, deployment, and operation of modern IoT projects. Reviews and presents how different IoT skills can be clustered in meaningful IoT skills profiles, notably the profiles that are currently high in demand in the global job market. Introduces the EU-IoT skills framework, which includes a taxonomy of IoT skills and serves as a basis for defining skills profiles, education activities and learning paths. Presents the results of the EU-IoT skills survey, which involves over 100 experienced IoT professionals in the specifications of the IoT skills that are currently highly demanded in the market. Explains how the EU-IoT skills framework and the EU-IoT catalogues of training courses can drive the specification of learning paths for popular IoT skills profiles. A set of simple, yet practical examples in this direction are presented in the whitepaper.
Techno-Economic Evaluation of Stand-Alone, PV-Powered, Seawater Desalination Plants in Saudi Arabia
Creators: name: Atia, A.A.
name: Fthenakis, V.
name: Bkayrat, R.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Business Opportunities

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4075-4080
description: This paper presents performance and cost analysis of seawater reverse osmosis (RO) desalination powered by stand-alone photovoltaic power systems in the Arabian Peninsula. A PV-RO desalination plant model was analyzed using HOMER 2.81 and DEEP 4.0, in combination with technical and economic data from a KAUST study. The RO plant would produce 6,550 m3 of freshwater per day at 213 ppm TDS from seawater at 40,000 ppm TDS. During a previous phase of this work, grid-connected PV-RO systems were analyzed. This study is a continuation of that assessment and focuses on stand-alone system combinations of PV, battery storage, and diesel generators for powering RO plants in remote areas. Three scenarios of RO plant availability were examined: 8, 10, and 24 hours of operation per day. The results show water production costs range from $1.46 – $3.35 per m3 of product water while LCOE values range from 12 – 18 cents per kWh. Total annual costs for the RO plant scenarios range from 3.5 – 8 million US dollars per year. Power costs comprise about 20% of the total annual RO plant cost. Switching from a diesel-only RO system to PV-RO with batteries and diesel generation would avoid 2.4 million liters of diesel consumption per year. This corresponds to 6,408 metric tons of annual CO2 avoidance. Annually, 2,390,075 m3 of freshwater could be provided to remote communities facing water scarcity.
PV Market in Japan: Cost Trends After Implementation of the FIT Program
Creators: name: Matsukawa, H.
name: Yamaya, H.
name: Ohigashi, T.
name: Kaizuka, I.
name: Ikki, O.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Globalisation, Policies and Administrative Issues

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4102-4105
description: 2013 was the second year since the start of the Feed-in Tariff (FIT) program started in July 2012 and the 2013 Japanese PV market achieved a significant growth from 1.7 GW in the previous year to 7 GW level. The Japanese PV market formerly led by residential PV applications shifted to the balanced market structure with the growth of nonresidential sectors consisting of PV applications for public, commercial and industrial facilities and utility-scale applications. With the progress of installtion of PV projects under the FIT program, steady cost reduction was observed for residential applications and small-scale commercial applications after the FIT program started, while the cost trend for larger-scale applications remains at the same level. This paper discuss the effects of the FIT program on the market segments, cost trends and cost related issues and outlook of the PV market in Japan.
A Big Data Approach to the Solar PV Market: Design and Results of a Pilot in the Netherlands
Creators: name: Kausika, B.B.
name: Folkerts, W.
name: Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.
name: Siebenga, B.
name: Hermans, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4030-4033
description: In this paper we explore the value of a big data approach to the solar PV market in The Netherlands. As a pilot we choose a specific area on a scale of 200.000 inhabitants. Available data sets from different sources depicting a variety of relevant parameters were brought onto the same Geographical Information System base. We demonstrate how this approach can help in understanding, planning and controlling the energy system.
Are the Spanish PV Plants Installed under the RD661/2007 Still Profitable?
Creators: name: Lomas Monzón, J.C.
name: Muñoz-Cerón, E.
name: Muñoz, J.V.
name: Fuentes, M.
name: De La Casa Higueras, J.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4038-4043
description: From 2004 to 2010, and supported by a becoming legislative framework, the photovoltaic industry in Spain reached an unprecedented success, placing the country as a worldwide reference in the technological development in this area, but the Spanish crisis and the electrical tariff deficit existing in the country, made the government to legislate by means of reducing the feed-in tariffs applied to these systems, even with retroactive effects. As a consequence of this restrictive legislation, with the last Royal Decree published in June 2014, the economic investment in PV has changed from an attractive initial profitable scenario to a limit situation in regards to the original finance of the installations. With the last governmental actions, it will not be possible to cover the loans at which the PV plants were financed under the framework of the Spanish RD 661/2007. The estimated profitability for those PV installations built under the aforementioned Royal Decree has changed from 10.14% (in 2007) to an imposed IRR of 7.48% and just a 5.4% for the forthcoming new ones. In this paper the variations of the forecasted profitability scenario made in 2007 for the current year (2014) are analyzed based on the data of a real PV system located in the South of Spain.
Silicide Induced Surface Defects in FePt nanoParticle fcc-to-fct Thermally Activated Phase Transition
Creators: name: Chen, S.
name: Lee, S. L.
name: André, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic nanoparticles (MnPs) are relevant to a wide range of applications including high density information storage and magnetic resonance imaging to name but a few. Among the materials available to prepare MnPs, FePt is attracting growing attention. However, to harvest the strongest magnetic properties of FePt MnPs, a thermal annealing is often required to convert face-centered cubic as synthesized nPs into its tetragonal phase. Rarely addressed are the potential side effects of such treatments on the magnetic properties. In this study, we focus on the impact of silica shells often used in strategies aiming at overcoming MnP coalescence during the thermal annealing. While we show that this shell does prevent sintering, and that fcc-to-fct conversion does occur, we also reveal the formation of silicide, which can prevent the stronger magnetic properties of fct-FePt MnPs from being fully realised. This report therefore sheds lights on poorly investigated and understood interfacial phenomena occurring during the thermal annealing of MnPs and, by doing so, also highlights the benefits of developing new strategies to avoid silicide formation.
description: 7 pages, 6 Figures, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 2016
Photovoltaic Market Development in the Netherlands – 2013, the Year of Price Stabilization
Creators: name: Van Sark, W.G.J.H.M.
name: Muizebelt, P.
name: Cace, J.
name: Rutten, G.
name: De Vries, A.
name: De Rijk, P.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Business Opportunities

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4059-4061
description: Quarterly market inventories have been made since fall 2011 for modules, inverters, and systems that are available for purchase in the Netherlands to provide the fast growing Dutch market with proper market information. Since October 2011, the average selling price of modules and inverters decreased with 53.7 and 18.5%, respectively: April 2014 average selling prices are 1.09 !/Wp and 0.37 !/Wp for modules and inverters, respectively. About 40% of the modules originate from China, and are 12% cheaper on average. System prices have seen a temporary increase mid 2013 and now are back on the level of early 2013. Average installation costs amount to 0.34 !/Wp. Grid parity for consumers continues: using an energy yield of 900 kWh/kWp, 25 years system lifetime, 6% discount rate, and 1% operation and maintenance (O&M) cost, a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is calculated for a 2.5 kWp system to be 0.188 !/kWh for a system price of 1.92 !/Wp (including installation).
Net Energy Metering: A Case Study in Spain
Creators: name: Díez-Mediavilla, M.
name: Bueno-Rastrilla, E.
name: Rodríguez-Amigo, M.C.
name: De Simón-Martín, M.
name: Alonso-Tristán, C.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 4018-4023
description: Distributed generation and self-consumption contribute to sustainable energy systems, opening up new opportunities for employment, financial security and further liberalization of the electricity market. Net Energy Metering (NEM) can, in a decisive way, contribute to make these goals feasible. The emergence, in recent years, of new concepts, technical developments and systems may gradually lead to an evolution, from traditional electricity generation, to a model where distributed electricity generation, mainly for small power facilities, starts to become  effectively integrated in the network as an efficient component of production and management. A case study of an installation -a 2240 Wp energy self-sufficient facility in a detached house in Burgos, Spain- is analyzed in the context of recent Spanish legislation, as well as its economic and energetic consequences for both the individual user and the energy system. Our study makes precise reference to the guidelines published in the long-awaited Spanish legislation in this area.
Technology Modelling of a PV-Hybrid Renewable Energy Power Plant - Case Study on Industrial Companies in Germany
Creators: name: Kost, C.
name: Eikenberg, L.
name: Thomsen, J.
name: Schlegl, T.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV in the Electricity Markets

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3886-3893
description: This paper examines possible operating options of a grid-connected hybrid energy system (HES), including a photovoltaic (PV) system. Different technologies are examined, including fluctuating renewable energy sources (RES), especially PV and wind power, electrical energy storage (EES) and a biomass power plant. The aim of the work is to illustrate an optimal system design in combination with a most cost-effective operation of such a power plant. An existing optimization model is extended in order to analyse the operation and design of a hybrid energy system. The system design and operation is optimized under technical, economic and regulatory constraints within a single model. This optimization model is able to provide a market-oriented operation of the hybrid system under the consideration of energy demand, renewable energy resources and achieved market prices. The paper focuses on the cost-efficient electrical supply of an industrial company by the optional use of renewable energy sources at a location in Germany. Various scenarios are analysed to better define the properties and the sensitivity of the model. Thus, effects of external technical and economic conditions, such as variable market prices or fixed self-consumption, are examined for plant operation and system design. With the help of this work, it is shown under which conditions the investment in a HES with RES for an industrial company is optimal and how such a hybrid plant would be operated in the ideal case.
Supplementary Materials.docx
Creators: name: Xie, Huiying
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental assessment and monitoring
Analytical chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Benzene, toluene and xylene have strong blood toxicities and carcinogenic effects. Benzene is further metabolized to phenyl mercapturic acid (PMA), toluene and xylene also generate benzyl mercapturic acid (BMA) in human urine. While, cigarette smoke is rich in carcinogens such as benzene and toluene, therefore, if the smokers in the workplace may interfere with the correct assessment of the source of benzene and benzene series. Some metabolites, such as PMA, BMA, N-acetyl-S-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl-L-cysteine (DHBMA), N-acetyl-S-(1-hydroxymethyl-2-propenyl)-L-cysteine (MHBMA-1) and (R,S)-N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxy-3-butenyl)-L-cysteine (MHBMA-2) were simultaneously determined so as to confirm whether the exposure to benzene series comes from the workplace or from the external environment such as smoking. A new β-cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase (EACDP) was prepared. After the separation conditions were optimized, a new LC-MS/MS method on EACDP column for the determination of common chiral and achiral metabolites in urine of human exposed to benzene series was established. The excellent separations of the above metabolites were achieved, in which the high resolutions of PMA, BMA and MHBMA-2 enantiomers were up to 1.62, 2.23 and 1.79, respectively, within 50 min under reversed-phase chromatography. Moreover, sensitive and selective multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was also employed. The detection limits (LODs) of enantiomers were all less than 0.366，0.467, 0.246 and 0.153 μg/L for PMA, BMA, DHBMA, MHBMA, separately. The averaged recoveries of enantiomers were in the range of 78~93% for PMA, 80~116% for BMA, 86~102% for DHBMA and 80~92% for MHBMA. Also, the method had good reproducibilities. By simultaneous measuring the contents of four biomarkers PMA, BMA, DHBMA and MHBMA in human urine metabolites, the non-smoking population could be more accurately estimated, and toluene exposure also has a certain degree of harm to the body, so as to make a more reasonable evaluation of the people exposed to benzene series in the workplace.
The space of hyperkähler metrics on a 4-manifold with boundary
Creators: name: Fine, Joel
name: Lotay, Jason D.
name: Singer, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C26, 58J32

description: Let X be a compact 4-manifold with boundary. We study the space of hyperkähler triples on X, modulo diffeomorphisms which are the identity on the boundary. We prove that this moduli space is a smooth infinite-dimensional manifold and describe the tangent space in terms of triples of closed anti-self-dual 2-forms. We also explore the corresponding boundary value problem: a hyperkähler triple restricts to a closed framing of the bundle of 2-forms on the boundary; we identify the infinitesimal deformations of this closed framing that can be filled in to hyperkähler deformations of the original triple. Finally we study explicit examples coming from gravitational instantons with isometric actions of SU(2).
description: 31 pages. v2: minor corrections and streamlined exposition v3: typos corrected, version accepted for publication in Forum of Mathematics, Sigma
Super-Heavy Dark Matter - Towards Predictive Scenarios from Inflation
Creators: name: Kannike, Kristjan
name: Racioppi, Antonio
name: Raidal, Martti
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generic prediction of the Coleman-Weinberg inflation is the existence of a heavy particle sector whose interactions with the inflaton, the lightest state in this sector, generate the inflaton potential at loop level. For typical interactions the heavy sector may contain stable states whose relic abundance is generated at the end of inflation by the gravity alone. This general feature, and the absence of any particle physics signal of dark matter so far, motivates us to look for new directions in the dark sector physics, including scenarios in which dark matter is super-heavy. In this article we study the possibility that the dark matter is even heavier than the inflaton, its existence follows from the inflaton dynamics, and its abundance today is {\it naturally} determined by the weakness of gravitational interaction. This implies that the super-heavy dark matter scenarios can be tested via the measurements of inflationary parameters and/or the CMB isocurvature perturbations and non-Gaussianities. We explicitly work out details of three Coleman-Weinberg inflation scenarios, study the systematics of super-heavy dark matter production in those cases, and compute which parts of the parameter spaces can be probed by the future CMB measurements.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures. Matches the published version on NPB
State of the Technique of the Methods Implemented in Independent Technical Advisory Services, Including the Technical Due Diligences (TDD), Related with the Project Finance in Photovoltaic Energy Projects
Creators: name: Valera, P.
name: Pereles, O.
name: Trabant, A.
name: Payan, A.
name: Pastor, A.
name: Almonacid, L.
name: Salas, V.
name: Almonacid, G.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Business Opportunities

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3950-3956
description: Utility-scale PV projects have experienced tremendous growth in the world in the last years, in the US, China, South Africa, Chile, India and Japan, among others. The considerable budget of such projects requires special development and financing methods. Different Financing mechanisms can be implemented , but the most commonly tool used is Project Finance, where the aim is to finance the PV plant without risks for the stakeholder. Such projects
must pass through a number of different stages grouped as Pre-Financial and Post-Financial Close activities. Financial Institutions require Independent Advisors to do the Independent Advisory pre and post Financial Close. In the Pre-Financial Close stage the Full Due Diligence process is important, mainly Legal & Tax Due Diligence, Technical Due Diligence (TDD) and Insurance Due Diligence (IDD). The TDD is a multi-discipline analysis, in which risk assessments are made for all individual elements of the PV plant. It comprises all the technical aspects of a Project, from solar resource and the production estimation, to the contractual agreements and financial model. It supports the lenders and investors in ensuring projects are viable and contractually sound, focusing on identifying and controlling technical risks throughout the project lifecycle.
Selfconsumption Economy and PV Sizing - Toward a New Grid Parity Definition
Creators: name: Cassagne, V.
Publisher: name: WIP
Year: 2014
Subjects: PV - A MAJOR ELECTRICITY SOURCE
PV Business Opportunities

description: 29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3957-3960
description: The switching from Feed-in-tariff to selfconsumption schemes for PV support changes the economical approach for the residential PV producer. Whereas he was incited to install the biggest system to get the higher return, now his economical optimization depends of his electrical consumption and its consumption profile.
Calculations with these assumptions show that there is a good return on investment but it lowers the optimum PV system size to 2-3 kWp. While the current schemes of selfconsumption may induce some externalities like purchase of surplus and distribution costs, further calculations shows that without grid injection which avoid these externalities, the residential PV is still profitable for the home owner, it can be a base for a new definition of grid parity. This self-sustainable economy changes the position of the prosumer from demand to offer and open new business models with the regular stake holders of electricity value chain.