cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Stealing Links from Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Xinlei.He
name: Jia, Jinyuan
name: Gong, Neil Zhenqiang
name: Backes, Michael
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Graph data, such as chemical networks and social networks, may be deemed confidential/private because the data owner often spends lots of resources collecting the data or the data contains sensitive information, e.g., social relationships. Recently, neural networks were extended to graph data, which are known as graph neural networks (GNNs). Due to their superior performance, GNNs have many applications, such as healthcare analytics, recommender systems, and fraud detection. In this work, we propose the first attacks to steal a graph from the outputs of a GNN model that is trained on the graph. Specifically, given a black-box access to a GNN model, our attacks can infer whether there exists a link between any pair of nodes in the graph used to train the model. We call our attacks link stealing attacks. We propose a threat model to systematically characterize an adversary's background knowledge along three dimensions which in total leads to a comprehensive taxonomy of 8 different link stealing attacks. We propose multiple novel methods to realize these 8 attacks. Extensive experiments on 8 real-world datasets show that our attacks are effective at stealing links, e.g., AUC (area under the ROC curve) is above 0.95 in multiple cases. Our results indicate that the outputs of a GNN model reveal rich information about the structure of the graph used to train the model.
Adjusting a conjecture of Erdős
Creators: name: Carnielli, Walter
name: Carolino, Pietro K.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: We investigate a conjecture of Paul Erdős, the last unsolved problem among those proposed in his landmark paper [2]. The conjecture states that there exists an absolute constant $C > 0$ such that, if $v_1, \dots, v_n$ are unit vectors in a Hilbert space, then at least $C \frac{2n}{n}$ of all $\epsilon \in \{-1,1\}^n$ are such that $|\sum_{i=1}^n \epsilon_i v_i| \leq 1$.

We disprove the conjecture. For Hilbert spaces of dimension $d > 2,$ the counterexample is quite strong, and implies that a substantial weakening of the conjecture is necessary. However, for $d = 2,$ only a minor modification is necessary, and it seems to us that it remains a hard problem, worthy of Erdős.

We prove some weaker related results that shed some light on the hardness of the problem.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 6, No 1 (2011)
On the Semantic Expressiveness of Recursive Types
Creators: name: Patrignani, Marco
name: Martin, Eric Mark
name: Devriese, Dominique
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Recursive types extend the simply-typed lambda calculus (STLC) with the additional expressive power to enable diverging computation and to encode recursive data-types (e.g., lists). Two formulations of recursive types exist: iso-recursive and equi-recursive. The relative advantages of iso- and equi-recursion are well- studied when it comes to their impact on type-inference. However, the relative semantic expressiveness of the two formulations remains unclear so far. This paper studies the semantic expressiveness of STLC with iso- and equi-recursive types, proving that these formulations are equally expressive. In fact, we prove that they are both as expressive as STLC with only term-level recursion. We phrase these equi-expressiveness results in terms of full abstraction of three canonical compilers between these three languages (STLC with iso-, with equi-recursive types and with term-level recursion). Our choice of languages allows us to study expressiveness when interacting over both a simply-typed and a recursively-typed interface. The three proofs all rely on a typed version of a proof technique called approximate backtranslation. Together, our results show that there is no difference in semantic expressiveness between STLCs with iso- and equi-recursive types. In this paper, we focus on a simply-typed setting but we believe our results scale to more powerful type systems like System F.
Coefficients of chromatic polynomials and tension polynomials
Creators: name: Kochol, Martin
name: Krivoňáková, Nad'a
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: We evaluate coefficients of chromatic polynomial of a graph $G$ as sums of zero values of tension polynomials of certain "maximal" subgraphs of $G$.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 6, No 1 (2011)
Application of the Theory of Dépeçage to Upstream Oil and Gas Contracts
Creators: name: Karimi, Sahar
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Dépeçage
subject: Upstream Oil and Gas Contracts
subject: Different Governing Laws
subject: Choice-of-Law
subject: Issue-by-Issue Basis
subject: Conflict of Laws
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Political Science--International Law and Relations
subject: Sociology--Theory and Methods
subject: Energy

description: Determination of the applicable law in upstream oil and gas contracts plays an important role with regards to the parties’ rights and liabilities. There are various approaches regarding the choice of applicable law and different theories have been expressed relating to choice-of-law provisions. This research explores one of these theories called Dépeçage in private international law and conflict of law. The theory of Dépeçage is a concept in private international law that refers to the process of cutting a case into individual issues whereby each issue is constrained to a different applicable choice-of-law analysis. In other words, the theory of Dépeçage is the application of different laws to various legal issues arising from a dispute. The theory was first applied in Tort law and specifically aviation litigation. This research shows that there is an opportunity to gain many advantages by the application of the theory of Dépeçage in upstream oil and gas contracts. However, adopting this theory ought to be treated with caution due to its disadvantages and the issues it may cause if not applied within a specific framework. Therefore, for appropriate application of Dépeçage, upstream oil and gas contracts must meet certain criteria such as protecting parties’ justified expectations, and maintaining parties’ interests. Also, this theory should not be applied in cases where it would lead to dissatisfaction of the contracting parties, destruction of legislative intention, or invalidation of a contract. Moreover, the applicable law that has the greatest concern for each issue must be applied to effectuate the purpose of each of the applied rules. In other words, choice-of-law values are significant principles for the application of Dépeçage. Lastly, judges and arbitrators must provide criteria and legal reasons for the application of Dépeçage in upstream oil and gas contracts during the dispute resolution process.
2L-convex polyominoes: Geometrical aspects
Creators: name: Tawbe, Khalil
name: Vuillon, Laurent
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: A polymino $P$ is called $2L$-convex if for every two cells there exists a monotone path included in $P$ with at most $2$ changes of direction. This paper studies the geometrical aspects of a sub-class of $2L$-convex polyominoes called   $\Im^{0,0}_{2L}$ and states a characterization of it in terms of monotone paths. In a second part, 4 geometries are introduced and the tomographical point of view is investigated using the switching components (that is the elements of this sub-class that have the same projections). Finally, some unicity results are given for the reconstruction of these polyominoes according to their projections.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 6, No 1 (2011)
Hyperfine Paschen-Back regime realized in Rb nanocell
Creators: name: Sargsyan, A.
name: Hakhumyan, G.
name: Leroy, C.
name: Pashayan-Leroy, Y.
name: Papoyan, A.
name: Sarkisyan, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple and efficient scheme based on one-dimensional nanometric thin cell filled with Rb and strong permanent ring magnets allowed direct observation of hyperfine Paschen-Back regime on D1 line in 0.5 - 0.7 T magnetic field. Experimental results are perfectly consistent with the theory. In particular, with sigma+ laser excitation, the slopes of B-field dependence of frequency shift for all the 10 individual transitions of 85,87Rb are the same and equal to 18.6 MHz/mT. Possible applications for magnetometry with submicron spatial resolution and tunable atomic frequency references are discussed.
description: 3 pages
Finite element modelling of the Swiss plate geophone bedload monitoring system
Creators: name: Chen, Zheng
name: He, Siming
name: Nicollier, Tobias
name: Ammann, Lorenz
name: Badoux, Alexandre
name: Rickenmann, Dieter
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Mental Health

description: Drop experiments with quartz spheres in a flume setting were performed to investigate the dynamic signal response of the Swiss plate geophone bedload monitoring system for varying particle size, vertical impact velocity, and impact location. For a similar sphere impact set-up, the finite element method was used to determine the propagation characteristics of the stress wave in the structure of the monitoring system. The experimental and numerical results showed a qualitative and partially quantitative agreement in the changes in the number of signal impulses per particle mass, the amplitude, and the centroid frequency with increasing colliding sphere size. These parameters characterizing the geophone vibrations also showed qualitatively similar dependencies with increasing bedload size as field measurements show with natural particles and a theoretical model. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the signal response of the monitoring system, which may result in improving bedload grain size classifications.
Flocculent flows in the chromospheric canopy of a sunspot
Creators: name: Vissers, Gregal
name: van der Voort, Luc Rouppe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-quality imaging spectroscopy in the Hα line, obtained with the CRisp Imaging SpectroPolarimeter (CRISP) at the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope (SST) at La Palma and covering a small sunspot and its surroundings, are studied. They exhibit ubiquitous flows both along fibrils making up the chromospheric canopy away from the spot and in the superpenumbra. We term these flows "flocculent" to describe their intermittent character, that is morphologically reminiscent of coronal rain. The flocculent flows are investigated further in order to determine their dynamic and morphological properties. For the measurement of their characteristic velocities, accelerations and sizes, we employ a new versatile analysis tool, the CRisp SPectral EXplorer (CRISPEX), which we describe in detail. Absolute velocities on the order of 7.2-82.4 km/s are found, with an average value of 36.5\pm5.9 km/s and slightly higher typical velocities for features moving towards the sunspot than away. These velocities are much higher than those determined from the shift of the line core, which shows patches around the sunspot with velocity enhancements of up to 10-15 km/s (both red- and blueshifted). Accelerations are determined for a subsample of features, that show clear accelerating or decelerating behavior, yielding an average of 270\pm63 m/s^2 and 149\pm63 m/s^2 for accelerating and decelerating features, respectively. Typical flocculent features measure 627\pm44 km in length and 304\pm30 km in width. On average 68 features are detected per minute, with an average lifetime of 67.7\pm8.8 s. The dynamics and phenomenology of the flocculent flows suggest they may be driven by a siphon flow, where the flocculence could arise from a density perturbation close to one of the footpoints or along the loop structure.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal. 13 pages, 10 figures, see http://folk.uio.no/gregal/onlinematerial/flocflows for the accompanying movie
Embargoes, Surplus Disposal, and U.S. Agriculture
Creators: name: Economic Research Service
name: Economic Research Service
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1986
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
International Relations/Trade

description: Embargoes did not cause the farm crisis of the 1980’s and an aggressive export subsidy program to reduce surplus commodity stocks would not have prevented it. The cause more likely rests with radical changes in such worldwide economic conditions as recession, high interest rates, and the value of the dollar. The short-term embargoes of the 1970's implemented to correct short supplies and high prices, stabilized markets and had little lasting effect on trade, prices, and farm income. The longer term 1980 USSR embargo, implemented for foreign policy reasons, barely changed U.S. and world trade levels, but did alter trade flows as the USSR replaced lost U.S. exports from other sources. U.S. policies to protect farmers from the cost of embargo more than offset any immediate damage. A general export subsidy to dispose of stocks would be more expensive than existing programs although farm income would remain basically unchanged and world price variability would increase. If the subsidy's goal was to maximize income minus subsidy costs, targeted subsidies could do so at lower costs than current programs but would be difficult to implement and would not eliminate stocks. If the goal was to eliminate stocks, then targeted subsidies could not improve income sufficiently to offset Government costs
Cones of partial metrics
Creators: name: Deza, Michel
name: Deza, Elena
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: A partial semimetric on a set X is a function $(x, y) \mapsto p(x, y) \in \RR_{\geq 0}$ satisfying $p(x, y) = p(y, x)$, $p(x, y) \geq p(x, x)$ and $p(x, z) \leq p(x, y) + p(y, z) − p(y, y)$ for all $x, y, z \in X$. We study here the polyhedral convex cone $PSMET_n$ of all partial semimetrics on $n$ points, using computations done for $n \leq 6$.

We present data on those cones and their relatives: the number of

facets, of extreme rays, of their orbits, incidences, characterize ${0, 1}$-

valued extreme rays, etc.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 6, No 1 (2011)
Claw-freeness, 3-homogeneous subsets of a graph and a reconstruction problem
Creators: name: Pouzet, Maurice
name: Si Kaddour, Hamza
name: Trotignon, Nicolas
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: We describe $Forb\{K_{1,3}, \overline {K_{1,3}}\}$, the class of graphs $G$ such that $G$ and its 

complement $ \overline{G}$ are claw-free. With few 

exceptions, it is made  of graphs whose connected 

components consist of cycles of length at least 4, paths 

or isolated vertices, and of the complements of these graphs. 

Considering the hypergraph ${\mathcal H} ^{(3)}(G)$ 

made of the $3$-element subsets of the vertex set of a 

graph $G$ on which $G$ induces  a clique or an 

independent subset, we deduce  from above a  description of the Boolean sum $G\dot{+}G'$  of two graphs  $G$ and $G'$ giving  the same hypergraph. We

 indicate the role of  this latter description in a reconstruction problem of graphs up to complementation.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 6, No 1 (2011)
Frequency-dependent streaming potentials: a review
Creators: name: Jouniaux, Laurence
name: Bordes, Clarisse
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interpretation of seismoelectric observations involves the dynamic electrokinetic coupling, which is related to the streaming potential coefficient. We describe the different models of the frequency-dependent streaming potential, mainly the Packard's and the Pride's model. We compare the transition frequency separating low-frequency viscous flow and high-frequency inertial flow, for dynamic permeability and dynamic streaming potential. We show that the transition frequency, on a various collection of samples for which both formation factor and permeability are measured, is predicted to depend on the permeability as inversely proportional to the permeability. We review the experimental setups built to be able to perform dynamic measurements. And we present some measurements and calculations of the dynamic streaming potential.
Dual linear spaces generated by a non-Desarguesian configuration
Creators: name: Nation, James B.
name: Seffrood, Jiajia Y. G.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: We describe a method to try to construct non-Desarguesian projective

planes of a given finite order using a computer program.  If a projective

plane of order $n$ exists, then it can be constructed from a dual linear

space by a sequence of one-line extensions.  This motivates a careful

analysis of the failures of Desargues' Law in a dual linear space.

Up to isomorphism, there are 105 dual linear spaces generated by a

non-Desarguesian configuration with which to start the extension process.

A further reduction allows us to limit the number of starting configurations

to 15.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 6, No 1 (2011)
12 Angry Developers -- A Qualitative Study on Developers' Struggles with CSP
Creators: name: Roth, Sebastian
name: Gröber, Lea
name: Backes, Michael
name: Krombholz, Katharina
name: Stock, Ben
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: The Web has improved our ways of communicating, collaborating, teaching, and entertaining us and our fellow human beings. However, this cornerstone of our modern society is also one of the main targets of attacks, most prominently Cross-Site Scripting (XSS). A correctly crafted Content Security Policy (CSP) is capable of effectively mitigating the effect of those Cross-Site Scripting attacks. However, research has shown that the vast majority of all policies in the wild are trivially bypassable. To uncover the root causes behind the omnipresent misconfiguration of CSP, we conducted a qualitative study involving 12 real-world Web developers. By combining a semi-structured interview, a drawing task, and a programming task, we were able to identify the participant’s misconceptions regarding the attacker model covered by CSP as well as roadblocks for secure deployment or strategies used to create a CSP.
Test ideals via a single alteration and discreteness and rationality of $F$-jumping numbers
Creators: name: Schwede, Karl
name: Tucker, Kevin
name: Zhang, Wenliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F18, 13A35, 14B05, 14E15

description: Suppose $(X, Δ)$ is a log-$\bQ$-Gorenstein pair. Recent work of M. Blickle and the first two authors gives a uniform description of the multiplier ideal $\mJ(X;Δ)$ (in characteristic zero) and the test ideal $τ(X;Δ)$ (in characteristic $p > 0$) via regular alterations. While in general the alteration required depends heavily on $Δ$, for a fixed Cartier divisor $D$ on $X$ it is straightforward to find a single alteration (e.g. a log resolution) computing $\mJ(X; Δ+ λD)$ for all $λ\geq 0$. In this paper, we show the analogous statement in positive characteristic: there exists a single regular alteration computing $τ(X; Δ+ λD)$ for all $λ\geq 0$. Along the way, we also prove the discreteness and rationality for the $F$-jumping numbers of $τ(X; Δ+ λD)$ for $λ\geq 0$ where the index of $K_X + Δ$ is arbitrary (and may be divisible by the characteristic).
description: 6 pages, added Remark 3.4 (explaining a further generalization of the discreteness results) and several other minor improvements. To appear in Mathematical Research Letters
A Qualitative Inquiry into Peer Racial-Ethnic Socialization in Interminority Friendships
Creators: name: Shein, Brenda
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 520101
subject: Child and adolescent development
classificationCode: 520303
subject: Counselling psychology
classificationCode: 470212
subject: Multicultural, intercultural and cross-cultural studies

description: This dissertation is divided into two chapters that broadly focus on interminority cross-race friendships. In chapter one, a scoping review was conducted to clarify knowledge about predictors and outcomes of interminority friendships among racial-ethnic minority (REM) youth. A thorough search across four databases (e.g., PsycINFO, ERIC, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) resulted in 16 relevant articles. Thematic analysis revealed several predictors that encompassed individual, relationship, community, and societal-level factors. Outcomes found included increased awareness of racialization processes, attitude and behavior changes, improvements in well-being, and an absence of protective effects. I conclude with recommendations for research and practice related to fostering cross-racial peer relations.In chapter two, I conducted semi-structured dyadic and individual interviews with nine diverse interminority friendship dyads to explore how friends discuss racial identity, racism, and race relations. Thematic analysis identified 10 distinct peer racial socialization themes, including raising critical awareness, raising awareness of meta-stereotypes and intergroup relations, validation and support with racial encounters, instilling radical hope, strategizing with racist events, peer modeling of navigating a racialized society, intersectional solidarity, affirming racial pride and diversity, colorblind socialization, and silent socialization. These findings offer important research and practice implications for understanding cross-racial peer relations and supporting racially minoritized individuals in navigating racialized systems and resisting racism.
Assessment and Mitigation of Pain During and After Castration in Beef Calves
Creators: name: Meléndez Suárez, Daniela M.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Animal Physiology
subject: Veterinary Science

description: Castration is a painful common husbandry procedure done in order to reduce aggressive behaviour, avoid unwanted mating and improve meat quality. Physiological and behavioural changes indicative of pain/discomfort have been reported after castration; however castration is commonly performed without the use of pain control. There is a lack of science based guidelines on pain mitigation strategies for castration in beef calves. The objective of this thesis was to assess and mitigate pain associated with castration in young and weaned beef calves. The first part of the study focused on assessing acute pain. Indicators of acute pain were evaluated to assess the effect of band and knife castration in 1 week, 2 month and 4 month old calves, the effect of a single dose of subcutaneous meloxicam administered immediately before band and knife castration in 1 week old calves, and the effect of a single dose of subcutaneous meloxicam administered immediately before knife castration or the combination of knife castration and branding in 2 month old calves. The second part of the study consisted of assessing pain in weaned beef calves after knife castration up to 28 days after castration. Indicators of pain were evaluated to assess the effect of a single subcutaneous injection of meloxicam administered 6, 3 and 0 hours prior to knife castration and the administration of lidocaine or meloxicam alone or in combination prior to knife castration in weaned calves. Behavioural and physiological changes were observed after castration at all ages, however, a greater number of physiological and behavioural parameters showed differences in knife castrated compared to band castrated calves, after multiple painful procedures compared to single painful procedures and in older calves compared to young calves. A reduction in behavioural and physiological responses was observed in calves that received pain mitigation at different ages and after different castration methods. Effective and practical pain mitigation strategies identified at different ages and after different castration methods could be used to improve calf welfare post castration. These include subcutaneous administration of meloxicam to reduce pain and inflammation associated with castration and the use of lidocaine to block procedural pain.
Carbonate and shale fault gouge : experimental insights into the role of gouge composition, temperature and pore fluid pressure on the mechanical strength of faults
Creators: name: Haywood, Jennifer
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Carbonates and shales are common in fold and thrust belts worldwide: carbonates typically comprise the hanging wall of fault zones and the shale forms the footwall. Generally, a cataclasite is developed in both the carbonate and shale materials, demonstrating that strain is accommodated in both rock types. Despite the wide occurrence of carbonate and shale cataclasites, little is known about the rheological behavior of these composites. The results of two suites of triaxial frictional sliding experiments designed to analyze the effects of composition, temperature, pore fluid pressure and forcing block composition on gouge strength and stability are presented. Experiments were conducted at 70 MPa effective confining pressure and displacement rates varied between 1 to 100 μm s⁻¹. Gouge material was created from quartz-bearing phyllosilicate-rich shale combined in various volumetric proportions with reagent grade calcite powder with an average grain size of ~5 μm. Experiments were performed on each endmember composition as well as 75%, 50% and 25% mixtures of shale and calcite. At room temperature (T), saturated conditions strain localization in the composite gouges causes significant weakening relative to the strong carbonate endmember. At 150°C and 15 MPa pore fluid pressure (Pf), the carbonate gouge undergoes significant strain weakening followed by the evolution to stick-slip sliding. Microstructure analysis indicates that deformation in the shale endmember gouge is distributed across the gouge zone. In the composite gouges, the fine grained carbonate facilitates phyllosilicate rotation and strain localization. In the carbonate gouge, strain localizes in R₁ and shear zone boundary parallel Y shears. Results show that in the absence of elevated T and Pf, the carbonate hanging wall cataclasite is strong relative to the underlying shale footwall cataclasite. At these conditions strain is most likely to localize in the shale or shale-rich composites. Elevated T and Pf promote strain localization and seismic faulting in the carbonate cataclasite. The coefficient of friction values determined for shale carbonate composites are less than the μ = .85 value predicted by Byerlee for rocks deformed at less than 200 MPa normal stress and should replace Byerlee’s value in numerical thrust sheet models.
Partially critical tournaments and partially critical supports
Creators: name: Sayar, Mohamed Y.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2011

description: Given  a tournament $T=(V,A)$, with each  subset $X$ of $V$ is

associated the subtournament $T[X]=(X,A\cap (X\times X))$ of $T$

induced by $X$. A subset $I$ of $V$ is an interval of $T$ provided

that for any $a,b\in I$ and $x\in V\setminus I$, $(a,x)\in A$ if

and only if $(b,x)\in A$. For example, $\emptyset$, $\{x\}$, where

$x\in V$, and $V$ are intervals of $T$ called \emph{trivial}. A

tournament is indecomposable if all its intervals are trivial;

otherwise, it is decomposable. Let $T=(V,A)$ be an indecomposable

tournament. The tournament $T$ is \emph{critical} if for every

$x\in V$, $T[V\setminus\{x\}]$ is decomposable. It is

\emph{partially critical} if there exists a proper subset $X$ of

$V$ such that $| X| \geq 3$, $T[X]$ is indecomposable

and for every $x\in V\setminus X$, $T[V\setminus\{x\}]$ is

decomposable. The partially critical tournaments are

characterized. 

Lastly, 

given an indecomposable tournament $T=(V,A)$, consider a proper subset 

$X$ of $V$ such that $|X|\geq 3$ and $T[X]$ is indecomposable. 

The partially critical support of $T$ according to $T[X]$ is the family of 

$x\in V\setminus X$ such that $T[V\setminus\{x\}]$ is indecomposable 

and $T[V\setminus\{x,y\}]$ is decomposable for every $y\in (V\setminus X)\setminus\{x\}$. 

It is shown that the partially critical support contains at most three vertices. 

The indecomposable tournaments whose partially critical supports contain at least two  vertices are characterized.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 6, No 1 (2011)
Changes to the near surface waters of the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean from 1993-2009 : an examination of the consequences of warming and freshening to the water mass structure and optical environment
Creators: name: Jackson, Jennifer Martine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The near-surface water mass structure in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean was examined from 1993 through 2009. This was a period of rapid change due to warming air and ocean temperatures and subsequent sea ice melt. During this time, the Southern Canada Basin transitioned from a perennially ice-covered to an almost seasonally ice-free ocean. It was found that the freshwater from sea ice melt increased the near-surface stratification. Solar radiation was stored below the surface mixed layer as a near-surface temperature maximum (NSTM). From 1993-2009, the NSTM warmed by up to 1.5◦C, freshened by up to 4 salinity units, expanded northwards, and formed at successively shallower depths. Below the NSTM is a temperature minimum identified as the remnant of the previous winter’s surface mixed layer (rML). Similar to the NSTM, the rML warmed by up to 0.5◦C and freshened by up to 2 salinity units from 1993-2009. Using a 1-D model of heat diffusion, it was found that heat from both the NSTM and Pacific Summer Water (PSW) is diffused to the rML. In warmer years, more heat was diffused to the rML from the NSTM. The freshening of both the NSTM and rML was greatest at stations that were located inside the anticyclonic Beaufort Gyre and this is likely because downwelling caused freshwater from sea ice melt to accumulate inside the gyre. An examination of light attenuation to estimate suspended particle concentrations identified six common attenuation features. These features were at the surface, within the summer halocline, within water that has high fluorescence, within cold water that had the salinity range 32.9 - 33.1, within Atlantic water, and at the bottom. It was found that there was no evidence of increased particle concentrations in the basin from 2003-2008. However, the chlorophyll maximum inside the basin deepened from an average of 45 m in 2003 to 61 m in 2008 and it is likely that this is because the nutricline also descended. The deepening of the chlorophyll maximum is one example of how changes to the near-surface water mass structure from climate change can impact the Arctic Ocean ecosystem.
Anisotropy and the integral closure
Creators: name: Kosters, Michiel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 13B22 (Primary) 11R04, 13E10 (Secondary)

description: Let K be a number field and let A be an order in K. The trace map from K to Q induces a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form : B x B \to Q/Z where B is a certain finite abelian group of size Δ(A). In this article we discuss how one can obtain information about \mathcal{O}_K by purely looking at this symmetric bilinear form. The concepts of anisotropy and quasi-anisotropy, as defined in another article by the author, turn out to be very useful. We will for example show that under certain assumptions one can obtain \mathcal{O}_K directly from . In this article we will work in a more general setting than we have discussed above. We consider orders over Dedekind domains.
description: 21 pages
A novel semi-synthesis of spinetoram-J based on the selective hydrolysis of 5,6-dihydro spinosyn A
Creators: name: Zhang, Kai
name: Li, Jiarong
name: A., Lamusi
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: A novel semi-synthesis of spinetoram-J based on the selective hydrolysis of 5,6-dihydro spinosyn A
Effect of Anticipatory Adaptive Cruise Control (AACC) Systems on Mixed Traffic Flow
Creators: name: Ebadi, Omid
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Intelligent Transportation Systems
subject: Mixed Traffic Flow
subject: Car-following
subject: Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems
subject: Anticipatory Adaptive Cruise Control
subject: Education--Technology
subject: Sociology--Transportation
subject: Engineering--Civil

description: Since 1994, when the first generation of Adaptive Cruise Control Systems was available on the market, researchers have been investigating its use and potential benefits in regulating and thereby improving traffic flow. Along with the advancement of Transportation Cyber-Physical Systems and the Internet of Things, vehicles equipped with these systems should be able to access traffic-related information such as speed and relative spacing in real time. The objective of this research is to analyze the behavioral effects of different levels of market penetration of Anticipatory Adaptive Cruise Control (AACC) - equipped vehicles, which have access to the information on speed of three or more of the vehicles further downstream in a one-way traffic flow. A microsimulation package (MIXEM) is developed in MATLAB to incorporate car-following behaviour for the non-equipped and equipped vehicles. Simulation analysis was conducted for various traffic scenarios and market penetration of AACC vehicles. The results showed the advantages of equipping vehicles with AACC in improving traffic stability. In particular, in the case of a signalized intersection scenario, time lost was reduced by half for fully-equipped vehicular traffic flow when compared to non-equipped. Furthermore, in the case of a fixed bottleneck scenario, equipping only 10% of the vehicles eliminated the capacity drop. By equipping all the vehicles, the discharge flow rate would be increased by up to 40%. Finally, a shockwave caused by a slow-moving car can be almost entirely suppressed by introducing the AACC system in all cars.
The experience of studying abroad and returning home to Canada
Creators: name: Fridhandler, Shanika
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2006

description: Bibliography: p.134-138
description: The overarching goal of this study was to illuminate the lived experience of studying abroad and returning to Canada. Also of interest was how this experience influenced students' personal identity, worldview, and plans for the future. Six participants shared their experience studying abroad in Mexico and discussed the meaning(s) that this experience held for them. A phenomenological research methodology was employed and five categories with twenty-two themes emerged. Data were considered from the perspective of various models of cross-cultural adaptation, cross-cultural learning, culture shock, and reverse culture shock. The findings suggested that participants experienced significant transformations in their personal identities, worldviews, and cross-cultural competence. Furthermore, the findings illustrated the challenges of returning home and underscored the importance of developing and implementing re-entry preparation and support programs to assist with this segment of the study abroad experience. This study supplements the existing literature with an intimate and vivid description of what it is actually like to study abroad and return to Canada.
DoubleX: Statically Detecting Vulnerable Data Flows in Browser Extensions at Scale
Creators: name: Fass, Aurore
name: Somé, Dolière Francis
name: Backes, Michael
name: Stock, Ben
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Browser extensions are popular to enhance users' browsing experience. By design, they have access to security- and privacy-critical APIs to perform tasks that web applications cannot traditionally do. Even though web pages and extensions are isolated, they can communicate through messages. Specifically, a vulnerable extension can receive messages from another extension or web page, under the control of an attacker. Thus, these communication channels are a way for a malicious actor to elevate their privileges to the capabilities of an extension, which can lead to, e.g., universal cross-site scripting or sensitive user data exfiltration. To automatically detect such security and privacy threats in benign-but-buggy extensions, we propose our static analyzer DoubleX. DoubleX defines an Extension Dependence Graph (EDG), which abstracts extension code with control and data flows, pointer analysis, and models the message interactions within and outside of an extension. This way, we can leverage this graph to track and detect suspicious data flows between external actors and sensitive APIs in browser extensions. We evaluated DoubleX on 154,484 Chrome extensions, where it flags 278 extensions as having a suspicious data flow. Overall, we could verify that 89% of these flows can be influenced by external actors (i.e., an attacker). Based on our threat model, we subsequently demonstrate exploitability for 184 extensions. Finally, we evaluated DoubleX on a labeled vulnerable extension set, where it accurately detects almost 93% of known flaws.
Superintegrable Stäckel Systems on the Plane: Elliptic and Parabolic Coordinates
Creators: name: Tsiganov, Andrey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 70H20, 70G55

description: Recently we proposed a generic construction of the additional integrals of motion for the Stäckel systems applying addition theorems to the angle variables. In this note we show some trivial examples associated with angle variables for elliptic and parabolic coordinate systems on the plane.
An anti-symmetric exclusion process for two particles on an infinite 1D lattice
Creators: name: Potts, Jonathan R
name: Harris, Stephen
name: Giuggioli, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A system of two biased, mutually exclusive random walkers on an infinite 1D lattice is studied whereby the intrinsic bias of one particle is equal and opposite to that of the other. The propogator for this system is solved exactly and expressions for the mean displacement and mean square displacement (MSD) are found. Depending on the nature of the intrinsic bias, the system's behaviour displays two regimes, characterised by (i) the particles moving towards each other and (ii) away from each other, both qualitatively different from the case of no bias. The continuous-space limit of the propogator is found and is shown to solve a Fokker-Planck equation for two biased, mutually exclusive Brownian particles with equal and opposite drift velocity.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures
Quantum toroidal $\mathfrak{gl}_1$ algebra : plane partitions
Creators: name: Feigin, B.
name: Jimbo, M.
name: Miwa, T.
name: Mukhin, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In third paper of the series we construct a large family of representations of the quantum toroidal $\gl_1$ algebra whose bases are parameterized by plane partitions with various boundary conditions and restrictions. We study the corresponding formal characters. As an application we obtain a Gelfand-Zetlin type basis for a class of irreducible lowest weight $\gl_\infty$-modules.
description: Latex, 38 pages
Polytopes derived from sporadic simple groups
Creators: name: Hartley, Michael Ian
name: Hulpke, Alexander
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: In this article, certain of the sporadic simple groups are analysed, and the polytopes

having these groups as automorphism groups are characterised. The sporadic groups considered

include all with order less than 4030387201, that is, all up to and including the order of the Held group.

Four of these simple groups yield no polytopes, and the highest ranked polytopes 

are four rank 5 polytopes each from the Higman-Sims group, and the Mathieu group $M_{24}$.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 5, No 2 (2010)
Direct Heteroarylation as an Efficient Route to High-Performance pi-Conjugated Materials for use as Non-Fullerene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells
Creators: name: McAfee, Seth Malcolm
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Organic Synthesis
subject: Organic Materials
subject: Organic Solar Cells
subject: Organic Dyes
subject: Printed Electronics
subject: Direct Heteroarylation
subject: Chemistry--Organic
subject: Energy

description: This thesis is focused on applying direct heteroarylation as an efficient and sustainable synthetic route to access high-performance pi-conjugated molecular materials for use as non-fullerene acceptors as part of the active layer component of organic solar cells. Chapter One introduces pi-conjugated materials, organic solar cells and the importance of developing sustainable and efficient methods to access high-performance materials. In Chapter Two, the discussion is focused on the optimization of cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by a robust and reusable silica-supported palladium catalyst for the synthesis of pi-conjugated materials (SM-1–3) following both traditional Stille or Suzuki couplings and highlighting the advantages of direct heteroarylation over these methods. Chapter Three focuses on expanding the substrate scope to more complicated building blocks, while also comparing direct heteroarylation to Sonogashira couplings and their respective influences on synthetic accessibility and optoelectronic properties (SM-4–5). Chapter Four applies the synthetic methods developed in Chapters Two and Three and extends these principles to the design and synthesis of a non-fullerene acceptor based on the organic dye isoindigo (SM-6). Chapter Five is a direct follow-up on the derivatization of the parent compound disclosed in Chapter Four and how synthetic modification through the versatile direct heteroarylation coupling can lead to improved device performance (SM-7–9). Chapter Six is focused on identify the most promising organic dye core structure to include between flanking perylene diimide units, an extension of previous designs utilizing isoindigo and phthalimide-flanking units (SM-10–14). Chapter Seven follows the optimization of the most promising non-fullerene acceptor from Chapter Six, with a diketopyrrolopyrrole dye core (SM-13), which was able to achieve a high power conversion efficiency of 5.6 %, which is among the best in its class. Chapter Eight explores a series of scalable donor materials that were screened with SM-13 to identify a more practical alternative to the expensive donor polymer PTB7-Th utilized in Chapter Seven and marks the conclusion of this thesis.
Characterization and bioactive potentials of secondary metabolites from Fusarium chlamydosporum
Creators: name: Wang, Zhao-Fu
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Xiao, Lin
name: Zhou, Yuan-Ming
name: Du, Feng-Yu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: A search for bioactive secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Fusarium chlamydosporum, isolated from the root of Suaeda glauca, led to the isolation of three indole derivatives (1–3), three cyclohexadepsipeptides (4–6), and four pyrones (7–10). The structures of new (1) and known compounds (2–10) were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. All these compounds were evaluated for phytotoxic, antimicrobial activities, and brine shrimp lethality. Compound 1 showed significant phytotoxic activity against the radicle growth of Echinochloa crusgalli, even better than the positive control of 2,4-D. Cyclohexadepsipeptides (4–6) and pyrones (7–10) exhibited brine shrimp lethality, especially 4 and 7 with the LD50 values of 2.78 and 7.40 μg mL−1, respectively, better than the positive control.
Dual Contrastive Loss and Attention for GANs
Creators: name: Yu, Ning
name: Liu, Guilin
name: Dundar, Aysegul
name: Tao, Andrew
name: Catanzaro, Bryan
name: Davis, Larry
name: Fritz, Mario
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) produce impressive results on unconditional image generation when powered with large-scale image datasets. Yet generated images are still easy to spot especially on datasets with high variance (e.g. bedroom, church). In this paper, we propose various improvements to further push the boundaries in image generation. Specifically, we propose a novel dual contrastive loss and show that, with this loss, discriminator learns more generalized and distinguishable representations to incentivize generation. In addition, we revisit attention and extensively experiment with different attention blocks in the generator. We find attention to be still an important module for successful image generation even though it was not used in the recent state-of-the-art models. Lastly, we study different attention architectures in the discriminator, and propose a reference attention mechanism. By combining the strengths of these remedies, we improve the compelling state-of-the-art Frechet Inception Distance (FID) by at least 17.5% on several benchmark datasets. We obtain even more significant improvements on compositional synthetic scenes (up to 47.5% in FID).
Signed b-matchings and b-edge covers of strong product graphs
Creators: name: Wang, Changping
Publisher: name: Faculty of Science, University of Calgary
Year: 2010

description: In this paper, we study the signed b-edge cover number and the signed b-matching number of a graph. Sharp bounds

on these parameters of the strong product graphs are presented. We prove the existence of an analogue of Gallai's theorem relating maximum-size signed b-matchings and minimum-size signed b-edge covers for the complete graphs and complete bipartite graphs.
description: Contributions to Discrete Mathematics, Vol 5, No 2 (2010)