Dion bora Zhang & Cong & Grishin 2023, new species
Creators: name: Zhang, Jing
name: Cong, Qian
name: Grishin, Nick V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Dion
Dion bora

description: Dion bora Grishin, new species   
https://zoobank.org/ 75DE2A48-50F7-4D25-8E27-F1F95CCD0CE4  
(Fig. 7 part, 171–172, 402–403)  
 Definition and diagnosis. Phylogenetic trees reveal that specimens from Costa Rica and Panama identified as Dion uza (Hewitson, 1877) (type locality not specified, lectotype sequenced as NVG-18052D10) show prominent genetic differentiation from it (Fig. 7): e.g., their COI barcodes differ by 3.6% (24 bp), and therefore represent a new species. This new species keys to “ Enosis pruinosa pruinosa ” (K.4.3(a)) in Evans (1955), which was misidentified by Evans, see Zhang et al. (2022b), and differs from its relatives by a combination of the following characters: ventral hindwing with broader blue metallic overscaling in posterior half and partly along forewing outer margin, similar to D. uza, but hindwing discal cyan-blue spots are more prominent on the blue ground color (Fig. 172) and less developed than in another new species described below, tube-like arched upcurved process from near the base of harpe is thinner and longer, harpe is broader, with two humps on its dorsal margin, costa straighter, less concave (Fig. 403). Due to the cryptic nature of this species, most reliable identification is achieved by DNA and a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic in the nuclear genome: aly6954.4.5:G69A, aly6954.4.5:C91T, aly527.12.3:T74C, aly103.13.2:C60T, aly103.13.2:A78G, and COI barcode: T49C, T91A, T325C, A553G, C539T, T601C.   
 Barcode sequence of the holotype. Sample NVG-19023G03, GenBank OR837700, 658 base pairs: AACTTTATATTTTATTTTTGGTATTTGAGCAGGAATATTAGGAACTTCCTTAAGTTTATTAATTCGAACAGAATTAGGTAATCCTGGCTCATTAATT GGAGATGATCAAATTTATAATACTATTGTAACAGCTCATGCTTTTATTATAATTTTTTTTATAGTTATACCTATTATAATTGGAGGATTTGGTAATT GATTAGTTCCTCTAATATTAGGAGCACCTGATATAGCTTTCCCCCGAATAAATAATATAAGATTTTGAATACTACCCCCTTCCCTTATACTATTAAC TTTTAGAAGAATTGTAGAAAATGGTGCAGGTACCGGATGAACAGTTTACCCCCCCCTTTCTTCTAATATTGCCCATCAAGGTTCTTCAGTTGATTTA GCAATTTTTTCATTACATTTAGCAGGAATTTCTTCTATTTTAGGTGCTATTAATTTTATTACAACAATTATTAATATACGAATTAAAAATTTATCAT TTGATCAAATACCTTTATTTGTTTGATCTGTAGGTATTACAGCTTTATTATTATTATTATCTTTACCGGTATTAGCAGGAGCTATTACAATACTTCT CACTGATCGAAATTTAAACACTTCTTTTTTTGATCCAGCAGGAGGAGGAGATCCAATTTTATATCAACATTTATTT   
 Type material. Holotype: ♂ deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA (USNM), illustrated in Fig. 171–172, bears the following four rectangular labels, three white: [PANAMA: Darien | Rio Tuira at | Rio Pucuro | 16–17 Feb. 1985 | J. Louton], [DNA sample ID: | NVG-19023G03 | c/o Nick V. Grishin], [USNMENT | {QR Code} | 01532867], and one red [HOLOTYPE ♂ | Dion bora | Grishin]. Paratype: ♂ NVG-7919, 08-SRNP-40522 Costa Rica:Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Alajuela Prov., Sector Rincon Rain Forest, Laureles, 95 m, GPS 10.9332, −85.25335, genitalia NVG 170207-04 [USNM].   
 Type locality. Panama: Darien Province, Rio Tuira at Rio Pucuro.   
 Etymology. The name is formed from the Latin borealis, meaning northern. It signifies it is the northernmost species within the D. uza group. The name is a noun in apposition.   
 Distribution. El Salvador to Panama.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Jing, Cong, Qian & Grishin, Nick V., 2023, Supplementary Materials and Appendix, pp. 1-115 in Insecta Mundi 2023 (26) on page 71, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10396362