cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 9: of Minimally invasive anterior muscle-sparing versus a transgluteal approach for hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures-a prospective randomised controlled trial including 190 elderly patients
Creators: name: Saxer, Franziska
name: Studer, Patrick
name: Jakob, Marcel
name: Suhm, Norbert
name: Rosenthal, Rachel
name: Dell-Kuster, Salome
name: Vach, Werner
name: Bless, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S4. Variation of treatment effect estimates, confidence intervals and p-values for the outcomes DTP and FIM at 3Â weeks and at day 5 across six different approaches to handle missing values. (DOCX 13 kb)
Development of high efficiency passenger vehicle axle
Creators: name: Kakavas, Ioannis
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Rising energy demand coupled with volatile fuel prices has driven the automotive industry to rebalance focus between durability and efficiency. Originally, the main target was the improvement of the internal combustion engine. After arriving at certain technological limits, all other drivetrain components were also taken into consideration. In this project, a study on a differential axle has been conducted from a lubrication point of view in order to identify efficiency enhancing routes. Initially, an axle already in production and used on a passenger vehicle was employed and the effect of lubricant viscosity on loss generation was investigated. Additionally, novel lubrication concepts, such as forced-feed lubrication and baffle implementation, were considered and tested on an in-house loss measurement rig. The quantification of loss generation, as well as, the observation of the behaviour of the axle under varying operating conditions was successfully completed. Also, the contribution of each component to overall losses was identified. Furthermore, a theoretical model was built for the prediction of axle efficiency. The model was a transient simulation of the operation of the axle, based on individual component loss generation. The thermal behaviour of the axle was also considered. The model demonstrated good correlation to available data produced from real world measurements. Finally, the benefit of the implementation of previously considered lubrication systems was investigated for the NEDC and Artemis drive cycles. It was found that significant loss reduction over the original axle design can be achieved. Overall axle losses can be reduced by up to 50% with no apparent durability compromises, which has the potential to reduce CO2 emissions by 3 g/km in a passenger vehicle.
Chemical Equilibrium Abundances in Brown Dwarf and Extrasolar Giant Planet Atmospheres
Creators: name: Burrows, A.
name: Sharp, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate detailed chemical abundance profiles for a variety of brown dwarf and extrasolar giant planet atmosphere models, focusing in particular on Gliese 229B, and derive the systematics of the changes in the dominant reservoirs of the major elements with altitude and temperature. We assume an Anders and Grevesse (1989) solar composition of 27 chemical elements and track 330 gas--phase species, including the monatomic forms of the elements, as well as about 120 condensates. We address the issue of the formation and composition of clouds in the cool atmospheres of substellar objects and explore the rain out and depletion of refractories. We conclude that the opacity of clouds of low--temperature ($\le$900 K), small--radius condensibles (specific chlorides and sulfides), may be responsible for the steep spectrum of Gliese 229B observed in the near infrared below 1 \mic. Furthermore, we assemble a temperature sequence of chemical transitions in substellar atmospheres that may be used to anchor and define a sequence of spectral types for substellar objects with T$_{eff}$s from $\sim$2200 K to $\sim$100 K.
description: 57 pages total, LaTeX, 14 figures, 5 tables, also available in uuencoded, gzipped, and tarred form via anonymous ftp at www.astrophysics.arizona.edu (cd to pub/burrows/chem), submitted to Ap. J
The Structure of Dark Matter Haloes in Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Burkert, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations indicate that dark matter haloes have flat central density profiles. Cosmological simulations with non-baryonic dark matter predict however self similar haloes with central density cusps. This contradiction has lead to the conclusion that dark matter must be baryonic. Here it is shown that the dark matter haloes of dwarf spiral galaxies represent a one parameter family with self similar density profiles. The observed global halo parameters are coupled with each other through simple scaling relations which can be explained by the standard cold dark matter model if one assumes that all the haloes formed from density fluctuations with the same primordial amplitude. We find that the finite central halo densities correlate with the other global parameters. This result rules out scenarios where the flat halo cores formed subsequently through violent dynamical processes in the baryonic component. These cores instead provide important information on the origin and nature of dark matter in dwarf galaxies.
description: uuencoded Z-compressed postscript file, 10 pages, 3 figures included, to appear in ApJ Letters
Essays in financial economics
Creators: name: Lepore, Caterina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This thesis investigates moral hazard problems and issues related to banks' risk-taking; it delivers implications with regard to prudential regulation, dynamic incentive contracts, and capital structure. In the first chapter, I develop a continuous-time model in which a principal hires an agent to run a risky project exposed to unpredictable events that may generate potentially large losses. Although event occurrences are beyond the control of the agent, the distribution of the random losses they generate is shaped by the agent's unobservable risk mitigation effort. I study optimal incentive contracts and show how these contracts strike a delicate balance between supporting and punishing the agent in the face of downside risk. In the second chapter, I adopt a dynamic contracting framework in order to study the design of incentive-based regulations of a bank engaging in a double moral hazard. In addition to shirking, the bank's manager can engage in risk-taking, which enhances short-term profits while increasing the bank's exposure to tail risk. Under the regulation optimising the bank's private value, excessive risk-taking and regulatory forbearance emerge when the bank is undercapitalised. The chapter then shows how the socially optimal regulator, which internalises the negative externalities of the bank's strategies on the economy, can guarantee the bank's continuation under a safe management. In the last chapter I propose an empirical study to assess the effects of monetary policy on banks' risk-taking. The study focuses on the impact of monetary shocks on banks' financial distress and lending during the recent financial crisis period characterised by money market rates near the lower bound and unconventional monetary measures. The analysis combines macroeconomic and bank-level data for a set of euro area banks using a factor-augmented autoregressive model. In line with the agency literature, a risk-taking channel arises for banks with low levels of capital.
Stephen Van Cline, Williamson Henderson, and Sylvia Rivera
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Gay liberation movement
Gay activists
Stonewall Riots (New York, New York : 1969)

description: Iorio films Stephen Van Cline, Sylvia Rivera, and Williamson Lee Henderson watching a news report about the commemoration of the Stonewall rebellion. Later in the recording, Rivera leaves while Van Cline and Henderson discuss topics related to Stonewall Veterans
Weighted partition of a compact metrizable space, its hyperbolicity and Ahlfors regular conformal dimension
Creators: name: Kigami, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30L99, 30F45, 28A80, 54E35, 53C23

description: Successive divisions of compact metric spaces appear in many different areas of mathematics such as the construction of self-similar sets, Markov partitions associated with hyperbolic dynamical systems, dyadic cubes associated with a doubling metric space. The common feature in these is to divide a space into a finite number of subsets, then divide each subset into finite pieces and repeat this process again and again. In this paper we generalize such successive divisions and call them partitions. Given a partition, we consider the notion of a weight function assigning a "size" to each piece of the partition. Intuitively we believe that a partition and a weight function should provide a "geometry" and an "analysis" on the space of our interest. We are going to pursue this idea in three parts. In the first part, the metrizability of a weight function, i.e. the existence of a metric "adapted to" a given weight function, is shown to be equivalent to the Gromov hyperbolicity of the graph associated with the weight function. In the second part, the notions like bi-Lipschitz equivalence, Ahlfors regularity, the volume doubling property and quasisymmetry will be shown to be equivalent to certain properties of weight functions. In particular, we find that quasisymmetry and the volume doubling property are the same notion in the world of weight functions. In the third part, a characterization of the Ahlfors regular conformal dimension of a compact metric space is given as the critical index p of p-energies associated with the partition and the weight function corresponding to the metric.
description: A gap in the Proof of Theorem 14.3 has been fixed. Other small corrections
Molecular rotors as sensors of microscopic viscosity and temperature
Creators: name: Vysniauskas, Aurimas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Microscale viscosity is a key parameter that defines the physical makeup of a system, controlling viscoelastic properties of microscopic objects. Additionally, microviscosity within a living cell controls the rate of mass transport through a cell and is hence intimately linked to the activity of a cell. Therefore, measuring viscosity on a microscale represents an important challenge within both physical and biological sciences. So far, one of the most informative and convenient ways for doing this is to use fluorescent 'molecular rotors', which are the viscosity-sensitive fluorophores. The characterisation and application of several previously unexplored molecular rotors are the main topics explored in this thesis. First, porphyrin dimers are examined and characterised as dual viscosity sensors capable of measuring viscosity using their two photophysical parameters: the ratio of two peaks in the fluorescence spectrum and the fluorescence lifetime. The dimer was thus characterised as an attractive dual viscosity sensor displaying absorption and emission in the tissue optical window. Then the porphyrin dimers are applied for imaging microviscosity in lipid monolayers and bilayers. Finally, the porphyrin dimer is used for sensing dynamic change of microviscosity in lipid monolayers and living cells undergoing oxidation by singlet oxygen. Secondly, the changes in viscosity of model lipid membranes under oxidation are further examined using the molecular rotor Bdp-C10, which fully embeds in the lipid tail region of the lipid bilayer. Changes in viscosity are measured at several different bilayer positions of the oxidant relative to the rotor: on the surface, inside the tail region and outside the bilayer in the aqueous phase. Additionally, we report striking differences in the dynamic viscosity change during Type I and Type II photosensitisations and uncover the mechanistic details of the oxidation utilising the ability of molecular rotors to provide spatially resolved information. In the last two chapters, we examine if molecular rotors are sensitive to temperature, which is an important topic that has not previously investigated. The molecular rotors demonstrate contrasting types of temperature sensitivity. Lastly, the temperature-dependence of molecular rotors was put to use by employing Kiton Red for measuring temperature in laser-heated aerosol particles and by using one of the porphyrin dimers for performing the first ever to our knowledge dual viscosity and temperature measurement on a microscopic scale.
The neutrino-induced neutron source in helium shell and r-process nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Nadyozhin, D. K.
name: Panov, I. V.
name: Blinnikov, S. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The huge neutrino pulse that occurs during the collapse of a massive stellar core, is expected to contribute to the origination of a number of isotopes both of light chemical elements and heavy ones. It is shown that, in general, the heating of stellar matter due to the neutrino scattering off electrons and the heat released from the neutrino-helium breakup followed by the thermonuclear reactions should be taken into account. On the base of kinetic network, using all the important reactions up to Z=8, the main features and the time-dependent character of the neutrino- driven neutron flux are investigated. The time-dependent densities of free neutrons produced in helium breakup, Y_n(t), were used to calculate the r-process nucleosynthesis with another full kinetic network for 3200 nuclides. It was found that in the case of metal-deficient stars, Z < 0.01 Z(solar), the resulting density of free neutrons seems to be high enough to drive the r-process efficiently under favorable conditions. But it is impossible to obtain a sufficient amount of heavy nuclei in neutrino-induced r-process in a helium shell at radii R > R_cr \approx 10^9 cm. We speculate that to make the neutrino-induced r-process work efficiently in the shell, one has to invoke nonstandard presupernova models in which helium hopefully is closer to the collapsed core owing, for instance, to a large scale mixing or/and rotation and magnetic fields. Apart from this exotic possibility, the neutrino-induced nucleosynthesis in the helium shell is certainly not strong enough to explain the observed solar r-process abundances.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Lettre de Etienne Piestre à Jean-François Séguier, 1778-08-21
Creators: name: Piestre, Etienne
name: Piestre, Etienne
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: Librairie

description: [transcription] Nîmes M. Séguier A Lyon le 21e août 1778.

Monsieur,

Nous avons vu avec plaisir par la lettre dont vous nous avez honoré le 6e de ce mois et qui nous a été remise par M. d'Olière, que vous aviez reçu le voyage de Fortis que nous vous avions envoyé par M. Baume. Nous avons aussi reçu par M. d'Olières les 10 lt. 10 s. que vous avez bien voulu lui remettre pour solde de votre compte, ce que nous avons trouvé juste et l'avons passé de même sur nos livres, nous vous remercions, Monsieur, de votre exactitude.

Nous vous avons cherché l'ouvrage de M. Swinden que vous désirez, mais nous ne l'avons pas trouvé dans cette ville, ni à Genève où nous l'avons fait chercher. Il n'y en a paru qu'un exemplaire qu'on avait fait venir de Paris pour un Monsieur de ladite ville et ici on en a eu quelques exemplaires qui se sont vendus. Si vous souhaitez, nous le demanderons par occasion à Paris et même ayant occasion de le faire dans peu de jours nous le ferons. Vous serez informé de notre réussite dans quelques temps.

Je vous remercie, Monsieur, de vos bonnes dispositions à l'égard de ma recommandation pour M. Raynal. Il a été obligé de prendre une autre route que bien lui a fâché. Je vous ai, Monsieur, les mêmes obligations. Voici, ci-joint, une lettre qui m'a été envoyée par M. le baron de Tott pour vous faire passer, ce dont je m'acquitte. J'ai l'honneur d'être avec une considération distinguée,

Monsieur,

Votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur

Pour les frères De Tournes

Piestre.

[fol. 46 v] Piestre, Lyon 21 août
description: [personnes citées] François baron de Tott, M. Raynal, Philippe-Louis de Felix, marquis d’ Olières, Pierre Beaume
description: [reférence bibliographique citée] Fortis, Alberto, Voyage en Dalmatie, Berne, 1778.
.
Van Swinden, Johan Hendrick, Dissertation sur la comparaison des thermomètres, Amsterdam, Rey, 1778.
description: Source: [lieu de Conservation] Nîmes, Bibliothèque Carré d'Art [cote]ms. 312_9, fol. 46
description: Source: ark:/12148/btv1b10015930b
An analysis of omega-3 clinical trials and a call for personalized supplementation for dementia prevention
Creators: name: Castellanos-Perilla, Nicolás
name: Borda, Miguel Germán
name: Aarsland, Dag
name: BARRETO, GEORGE
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Introduction: Targeted interventions are needed to delay or prevent the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. Poor dietary habits are associated with cognitive decline, highlighting the benefits of a healthy diet with fish and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Intake of omega-3 PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), αlinolenic acid (ALA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is linked with healthy aging, cardiovascular benefits, and reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease. Although omega-3 has health benefits, its intake is often inadequate and insufficient in modern diets. Although fish oil supplements offer an alternative source, inconsistent results from clinical trials raise questions about the factors determining their success. Areas covered: In this this review, the authors discuss the aforementioned determining factors and highlight strategies that could enhance the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs interventions for dementia and cognitive decline. Moreover, the authors provide suggestions for potential future research. Expert opinion: Factors such as diet, lifestyle, and genetic predisposition can all influence the effectiveness of omega-3 supplementation. When implementing clinical trials, it is crucial to consider these factors and recognize their potential impact on the interpretation of results. It is important to study each variable independently and the interactions between them.
Additional file 8: of Minimally invasive anterior muscle-sparing versus a transgluteal approach for hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures-a prospective randomised controlled trial including 190 elderly patients
Creators: name: Saxer, Franziska
name: Studer, Patrick
name: Jakob, Marcel
name: Suhm, Norbert
name: Rosenthal, Rachel
name: Dell-Kuster, Salome
name: Vach, Werner
name: Bless, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Sensitivity analyses. Description of the analytic strategy for the evaluation of the potential influence of different ways to handle missing values on the effect estimates with display of the results in Additional file 9: Table S4. (DOCX 13 kb)
Heliopsis helianthoides Sweet
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Heliopsis
Heliopsis helianthoides

description: Rudbeckia oppositifolia Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 907. 1753.
"Habitat in Virginia." RCN: 6554.
Lectotype (Reveal in Taxon 32: 653. 1983): Clayton 609 (BM-000051688).
Current name: Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet (Asteraceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 802, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Metabolic phenotyping and metagenomic analysis of developing infants
Creators: name: Jackson, Frances
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Early life experiences, including mode of delivery and nutrition during the neonatal period, have been proven to have an impact on health in later life. Studying human metabolic development has major implications for understanding the aetiology and risk of disease, including metabolic syndrome. Initially, a sample preparation protocol was developed and optimised using metabonomic procedures for studying urine and faeces from infants, to accommodate for limited sample volume and to take into account the compositional differences between adult and infant biofluids. This primarily indicated that age is an important variable that contributes to the metabolic profile of biofluids. Faecal metabonomics is fast becoming a useful tool for defining interactions among host, microbial communities and nutritional interventions. Infant development trajectory was assessed through analysis of faecal metabolic profiling by 1H NMR. A large non-clinical cohort longitudinal study was obtained; 1802 faecal samples from 524 infants at 6 time points from 4 days to 730 days postpartum. Furthermore, 1H NMR, UPLC-MS and metagenomic phenotyping techniques was performed on urine (n=278) and faecal (n=308) samples from 150 infants born term or preterm (<37 wks gestational age). This multi-omics approach provided further demonstration of contribution of microbial co-metabolites to infant metabolism early in life and therefore the potential impact on overall health. This PhD project was able to identify certain metabolic pathways which were shown to be different in relation to gestation age as well as postnatal age, mode of delivery, BMI status and nutrition. In particular, choline and methylamine derivatives (e.g. betaine, trimethylamine), short chain fatty acids (SCFA) and amino acids related to nutrition and the gut microbiome functionality as well as metabolites indicating infant renal development from birth (e.g. myo-inositol, 1-N-methylnicotinamide). Overall, these investigations have shown that an understanding of the sources of variation in biofluid metabolite profiles are essential for interpretation of data acquired during normal infant development.
Analytical modeling of large-angle CMBR anisotropies from textures
Creators: name: Magueijo, J. C. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an analytic method for predicting the large angle CMBR temperature fluctuations induced by model textures. The model makes use of only a small number of phenomenological parameters which ought to be measured from simple simulations. We derive semi-analytically the $C^l$-spectrum for $2\leq l\leq 30$ together with its associated non-Gaussian cosmic variance error bars. A slightly tilted spectrum with an extra suppression at low $l$ is found, and we investigate the dependence of the tilt on the parameters of the model. We also produce a prediction for the two point correlation function. We find a high level of cosmic confusion between texture scenarios and standard inflationary theories in any of these quantities. However, we discover that a distinctive non-Gaussian signal ought to be expected at low $l$, reflecting the prominent effect of the last texture in these multipoles.
Phase change of molten-salt flows in energy systems
Creators: name: Le Brun, Niccolo
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The possibility of molten salt freezing in pipe flow systems is a key concern for the solar-energy industry and a safety issue in the Generation-IV molten-salt reactors, worthy of careful consideration. The overriding aim of this thesis is to address this issue by providing an approach to quantify the solidification of molten salts in piping systems (in terms of mass build-up, effect on the flow and heat transfer, etc.). In light of this aim, several aspects needed to be investigated which affect how molten salt solidification can be predicted. Specifically, the work described in this thesis is hereby described: 1) An experimental method was developed to measure the thermal conductivity of molten salts, whose uncertainties significantly affect further modelling efforts. The method can be applied to measure the thermal conductivity of molten salts up to temperatures around 760 K, with an overall error better than 4%. 2) The thermal conductivities of NaNO3 -NaNO2 -KNO3 eutectic (HTS) and LiCl -KCl eutectic were measured up to temperatures of 700 K and 760 K respectively. In addition, data in the literature were re-evaluated by taking into account the thermal losses present in a particular experimental apparatus; the revised results were found to be in good agreement with other studies. These re-evaluated data and the measurements conducted in the present study were used to critically review and suggest the values of the thermal conductivities of common salts, including FLiNaK. 3) A 1-dimensional thermo-hydraulic model was developed under the steady state assumption and validated to predict transient freezing in internal pipe flows. The model can be incorporated in standard thermo-hydraulic codes and can be used to predict the solidi cation process in complex piping system where CFD is computationally expensive. 4) An experimental apparatus equipped with laser-based diagnostic measurement techniques was built to measure the growing thickness of an ice layer in contact with a cold surface and liquid water flow. The developed freezing model was validated against these experimental data and the discrepancies were considered. 5) The freezing model was then applied to study the behaviour of the Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System (DRACS) under Loss of Forced Circulation (LOFC) with blackout. DRACS was found to be prone to failure due to freezing in the molten salt/air heat exchanger; its transient response was characterised and discussed.
Fundamental modelling studies of fatigue crack nucleation & microstructurally short crack growth in superalloy
Creators: name: Wan, Victor
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Current lifing techniques for metal superalloys have largely remained empirical, particularly those addressing the nucleation or initiation of fatigue cracks. However, there is growing interest within both the academic literature and industrial users to move away from the approaches which are dependent on empirical models. Instead, there has been greater focus on the advancement of developing fundamental mechanistically-based models to predict alloy behaviour in order to help better understand and predict defect nucleation processes. Early lifing methods in face centred cubic (fcc) and body centred cubic (bcc) polycrystalline alloys are of interest due to the relevance of cubic alloys in industrial applications, where microstructural fatigue behaviour to crack nucleation and short crack growth are studied. A stored energy criterion for fatigue crack nucleation is introduced which is validated with ferritic steel polycrystal specimens to reveal new evidence and address the scattered cycles to crack nucleation. The criterion is extended into a 3D crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM) representation of RS5 Nickel superalloy where the method provided a new perspective to quantify microstructurally sensitive cycles to fatigue crack nucleation in RS5 alloys. Comparisons of experimental and CPFEM investigation of microstructural stress distributions is presented across a polycrystalline copper where fatigue hotspots identified provided new insight of common nucleation hotspots, and is typically associated on/near grain boundaries. The work is extended using FEM to address Microstructural Sensitive Short Crack Growth (MSCG) in microstructurally different ferritic notched specimens. Our assessments and methodology introduced based on Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) revealed information on the role of anisotropy to better capture the MSCG paths. In addition, user-defined materials and grain boundary properties were introduced to address the difficulties in capturing intergranular cracks where grain boundary properties were introduced to promote the grain boundary cracks as witnessed in experiments.
Wet algae processing for biofuel production
Creators: name: Patel, Bhavish
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Microalgae is seen as a sustainable source of chemicals and biofuels, but its processing to low value fuels is expensive, particularly due to drying, and thus the feasibility of a wet processing route is necessary. This thesis presents experimental research and life cycle assessment on the conversion of microalgal biomass to liquid biofuel (precursor) using high temperature and pressure processing technologies. The bulk of the work is related to Hydrothermal Liquefaction of algal biomass at various residence time (0.5 - 60 min) and temperatures within the Hydrothermal regime (275 - 380°C), using both batch and novel in-house built continuous flow reactor systems. Several analytical tools were deployed to assist with analysis of the formed biocrude to help understand the effect of the reaction conditions on the formed products. Having analysed the biocrude, it became apparent that the aqueous phase contained substantial matter and as such an investigation to quantitate the inorganics in the aqueous phase was conducted. As for the biocrude, detailed analysis showed that further treatment was necessary to make it amenable for utility directly or as a blended fuel and thus, Hydrotreatment using commercially available catalyst under H2 in a batch reactor was conducted. Lastly, the conversion of algal lipids to biodiesel as well as other constituents was investigated under Hydrothermal conditions in presence of methanol, leading to in situ Supercritical Transesterification. The reaction conditions used were found to be too severe for stable yield of methyl esters and consequently degradation kinetics of methyl esters was calculated. Lastly, to understand the environmental profile of the investigated processes, a life cycle assessment was conducted based on experimental data combined with literature values for a conceptual biorefinery in 5 different countries with differing energy mixture. The thesis ends with concluding remarks on the investigation and potential direction for future work.
Raman spectral imaging in tissue engineering & regenerative medicine applications
Creators: name: Kallepitis, Charalambos
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The label-free nature of Raman spectroscopy makes it a valuable tool for cellular and tissue characterisation. Its ability to probe molecular vibrations within biological structures without affecting their biochemistry offers an advantage over conventional histological and biochemical assays. Providing a pure investigation of unperturbed biological processes, without the need for introduction of exogenous molecules for labelling, makes the information Raman spectroscopy offers very valuable in deciphering complex biological functions and mechanisms. Raman spectral signatures are unique "fingerprints" of each biomolecule probed and can be used for cellular phenotype characterisation, tissue composition, disease development in a cellular or tissue level and much more. This thesis focuses on the use of Raman spectral imaging in novel biological applications displaying its flexibility across the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Bone regeneration was the first biological process investigated, where Raman spectral imaging was used to characterise bioactive glass-assisted bone repair using standard and novel glass compositions. Newly-formed bone quality was assessed using multivariate analysis, showing similar quality between glass compositions and existing bone. Morphological analysis after in vivo implantation of bioactive glass particles showed distinct spectral zones confirming results from existing in vitro models. The second application, focused on the development of a novel Raman-based gene delivery tracking methodology. Viral particles, containing modified viral-nucleotides with alkyne bonds were produced were successfully detected using Raman spectral imaging in cells after infection. The implications of this technology offer a new cell screening methodology for gene therapy. Finally, the potential of Raman spectral imaging as a complementary technique for 3D cell culture systems was explored. A computational framework was developed which allows for the visualisation and quantification of subcellular structures. The accurate 3D reconstruction of whole cells of known architecture from a volumetric hyperspectral Raman dataset was reported here for the first time. Moreover, using spectral unmixing algorithms to quantify subcellular components, revealed an unprecedented molecular specificity. This allowed imaging of cells within hydrogel-based 3D cell culture systems. The synergy of Raman spectral imaging, multivariate and image analysis to answer complex biological questions offers objective biomolecular characterisation, quantification and visualisation of molecular architecture. This work demonstrates the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a valuable complementary tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
The Open Cluster NGC 7789: I. Radial Velocities for Giant Stars
Creators: name: Gim, Munhwan
name: Hesser, James E.
name: McClure, Robert D.
name: Stetson, Peter B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A total of 597 radial-velocity observations for 112 stars in the ~1.6 Gyr old open cluster NGC 7789 have been obtained since 1979 with the radial velocity spectrometer at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory. The mean cluster radial velocity is -54.9 +/- 0.12 km/s and the dispersion is 0.86 km/s, from 50 constant-velocity stars selected as members from this radial-velocity study and the proper motion study of McNamara and Solomon (1981). Twenty-five stars (32%) among 78 members are possible radial-velocity variable stars, but no orbits are determined because of the sparse sampling. Seventeen stars are radial-velocity non-members, while membership estimates of six stars are uncertain. There is a hint that the observed velocity dispersion falls off at large radius. This may due to the inclusion of long-period binaries preferentially in the central area of the cluster. The known radial-velocity variables also seem to be more concentrated toward the center than members with constant velocity. Although this is significant at only the 85% level, when combined with similar result of Raboud and Mermilliod (1994) for three other clusters, the data strongly support the conclusion that mass segregation is being detected.
description: 16 pages (including 3 figures) and 3 tables
Interchange instability in an accretion disc with a poloidal magnetic field
Creators: name: Spruit, H. C.
name: Stehle, R.
name: Papaloizou, J. C. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the stability to nonaxisymmetric perturbations of an accretion disc in which a poloidal magnetic field provides part of the radial support against gravity. Interchange instability due to radial gradients in the magnetic field are strongly stabilized by the shear flow in the disc. For smooth field distributions this instability is restricted to discs in which the magnetic energy is comparable to the gravitational energy. An incompressible model for the instability akin to the Boussinesq approximation for convection is given which predicts the behaviour of the instability accurately. Global axisymmetric disturbances are also considered and found to be stable for a certain class of models. The results indicate that accretion discs may be able to support poloidal fields which are strong enough to suppress other forms of magnetic instability. These strong and stable field distributions are likely to be well suited for the magnetic acceleration of jets and winds.
description: uuencoded gzip'ed postscript, 9 pages
Near and Mid Infrared Imaging Polarimetry of NGC1068
Creators: name: Lumsden, S. L.
name: Moore, T. J. T.
name: Smith, C.
name: Fujiyoshi, T.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Ward, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a series of observations of the near- and mid-infrared polarisation properties of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC1068. Our data agree well with previously published results in showing the need for a separate polarisation mechanism in the near infrared apart from scattering. We find that the predictions of a simple model in which this component arises through absorptive dichroism due to aligned grains within the extended warm (~400K) dust fits the data reasonably if the obscured background source is itself due to dust emission (at temperature >1000K). By considering the change of polarisation with wavelength we show that the extinction to this hot dust region is in the range AV=20-40. Consideration of the observed data then leads us to the conclusion that if viewed face-on, NGC1068 would have a strong near-infrared excess similar to Seyfert 1 galaxies. Comparison with other independent measures of the extinction to the active nucleus itself lead us to the conclusion that the hot dust must provide screening equivalent to at least AV=40, and possibly much higher. We speculate that this component alone may be the `classical' torus discussed in terms of the unified model, and the more extensive mid-infrared emission may arise from circumnuclear molecular cloud material, and dust in the ionisation cones.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures. To be published in MNRAS
Robotics and Integrated Formal Methods: Necessity meets Opportunity
Creators: name: Farrell, Marie
name: Luckcuck, Matt
name: Fisher, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Robotic systems are multi-dimensional entities, combining both hardware and software, that are heavily dependent on, and influenced by, interactions with the real world. They can be variously categorised as embedded, cyberphysical, real-time, hybrid, adaptive and even autonomous systems, with a typical robotic system being likely to contain all of these aspects. The techniques for developing and verifying each of these system varieties are often quite distinct. This, together with the sheer complexity of robotic systems, leads us to argue that diverse formal techniques must be integrated in order to develop, verify, and provide certification evidence for, robotic systems. Furthermore, we propose the fast evolving field of robotics as an ideal catalyst for the advancement of integrated formal methods research, helping to drive the field in new and exciting directions and shedding light on the development of large-scale, dynamic, complex systems.
description: 10 Pages, accepted at iFM2018: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-98938-9_10
Synthesis, characterization and luminescent properties of three-coordinate copper(I) halide complexes containing a carbazolyl monodentate phosphine ligand
Creators: name: Li, Qian
name: Wei, Qiong
name: Xie, Pei
name: Liu, Li
name: Zhong, Xin-Xin
name: Li, Fa-Bao
name: Zhu, Nian-Yong
name: Wong, Wai-Yeung
name: Chan, Wesley Ting-Kwok
name: Qin, Hai-Mei
name: S. Alharbi, Njud
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: A series of three-coordinate dinuclear copper halide complexes containing acarbazolyl monodentate phosphine ligand, [CuX(dppc)]2 (dppc = 3,6-di-tert-butyl-9-[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl]carbazole, X = I (1), Br (2) and Cl (3)), were synthesized, and their molecular structures and photophysical properties were investigated. The structural analysis reveals that two copper(I) centers are bridged by two halogen ligands to form a dinuclear structure with a four-membered Cu2X2 ring. Crystal structures of 1-3 contain 1-D supramolecular arrays constructed by intermolecular C–H···π interactions. These complexes exhibit blue to green emission in the solid state at room temperature and have peak emission wavelengths at 492–495 nm with microsecond lifetimes and low emission quantum yields (< 0.01%). The emission of 1-3 mainly originates from MLCT, XLCT and IL (intraligand) transitions. The three complexes displayed good thermal stability.
Additional file 7: of Minimally invasive anterior muscle-sparing versus a transgluteal approach for hemiarthroplasty in femoral neck fractures-a prospective randomised controlled trial including 190 elderly patients
Creators: name: Saxer, Franziska
name: Studer, Patrick
name: Jakob, Marcel
name: Suhm, Norbert
name: Rosenthal, Rachel
name: Dell-Kuster, Salome
name: Vach, Werner
name: Bless, Nicolas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Table S3. Distribution of baseline characteristics in the two treatment groups among patients entering the analysis of the primary endpoint. The table illustrates larger differences in baseline characteristics for patients with complete data for the analysis of the primary outcome compared to Table 3 showing the baseline characteristics of all patients. (DOCX 15 kb)
Evolution of the double neutron star merging rate and the cosmological origin of gamma-ray burst sources
Creators: name: Lipunov, V. M.
name: Postnov, K. A.
name: Prokhorov, M. E.
name: Panchenko, I. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Evolution of the coalescence rate of double neutron stars (NS) and neutron star -- black hole (BH) binaries are computed for model galaxies with different star formation rates. Assuming gamma-ray bursts (GRB) to originate from NS+NS or NS+BH merging in distant galaxies, theoretical logN--logS distributions and tests of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are calculated for the first time taking the computed merging rates into account. We use a flat cosmological model (Omega=1) with different values of the cosmological constant Lambda and under various assumptions about the star formation history in galaxies. The calculated source evolution predicts a 5-10 times increase of the source statistics at count rates 3-10 times lower than the exising BATSE sensitivity limit. The most important parameter in fitting the 2nd BATSE catalogue is the initial redshift of star formation, which is found to be z_*=2-5 depending on a poorly determined average spectral index of GRB.
description: 13 pages, compressed uuencoded postscript, 6 figures. This paper has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal part I
Stonewall: The March Forward
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Gay liberation movement
Gay activists
Homophobia
Stonewall Riots (New York, New York : 1969)

description: A documentary by Thomas Iorio about the Stonewall Rebellion Veterans Association and the Stonewall Rebellion. The film is comprised of edited footage from other items in this collection
The Peculiar Type Ic Supernova 1997ef: Another Hypernova
Creators: name: Iwamoto, K.
name: Nakamura, T.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Mazzali, P. A.
name: Danziger, I. J.
name: Garnavich, P.
name: Kirshner, R.
name: Jha, S.
name: Balam, D.
name: Thorstensen, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SN 1997ef has been recognized as a peculiar supernova from its light curve and spectral properties. The object was classified as a Type Ic supernova (SN Ic) because its spectra are dominated by broad absorption lines of oxygen and iron, lacking any clear signs of hydrogen or helium line features. The light curve is very different from that of previously known SNe Ic, showing a very broad peak and a slow tail. The strikingly broad line features in the spectra of SN 1997ef, which were also seen in the hypernova SN 1998bw, suggest the interesting possibility that SN 1997ef may also be a hypernova. The light curve and spectra of SN 1997ef were modeled first with a standard SN~Ic model assuming an ordinary kinetic energy of explosion $E_{\rm K} = 10^{51}$ erg. The explosion of a CO star of mass $M_{\rm CO} \approx 6 M_\odot$ gives a reasonably good fit to the light curve but clearly fails to reproduce the broad spectral features. Then, models with larger masses and energies were explored. Both the light curve and the spectra of SN 1997ef are much better reproduced by a C+O star model with $E_{\rm K} =$ 8 \e{51} erg and $M_{\rm CO} = 10 M_\odot$. Therefore, we conclude that SN 1997ef is very likely a hypernova on the basis of its kinetic energy of explosion. Finally, implications for the deviation from spherical symmetry are discussed in an effort to improve the light curve and spectral fits.
description: "To appear in the Astrophysical Journal, Vol.534 (2000)"
Tripartite mutual information, entanglement, and scrambling in permutation symmetric systems with an application to quantum chaos
Creators: name: Seshadri, Akshay
name: Madhok, Vaibhav
name: Lakshminarayan, Arul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many-body states that are invariant under particle relabelling, the permutation symmetric states, occur naturally when the system dynamics is described by symmetric processes or collective spin operators. We derive expressions for the reduced density matrix for arbitrary subsystem decomposition for these states and study properties of permutation symmetric states and their subsystems when the joint system is picked randomly and uniformly. Thus defining a new random matrix ensemble, we find the average linear entropy and von Neumann entropy which implies that random permutation symmetric states are marginally entangled and as a consequence the tripartite mutual information (TMI) is typically positive, preventing information from being shared globally. Applying these results to the quantum kicked top viewed as a multi-qubit system we find that entanglement, mutual information and TMI all increase for large subsystems across the Ehrenfest or log-time and saturate at the random state values if there is global chaos. During this time the out-of-time order correlators (OTOC) evolve exponentially implying scrambling in phase space. We discuss how positive TMI may coexist with such scrambling.
description: Minor modifications to the text, references added; published in Phys. Rev. E 98, 052205, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.98.052205