cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive investigation of fission yields by using spallation- and (p,2p)-induced fission reactions in inverse kinematics
Creators: name: Rodríguez-Sánchez, J. L.
name: Graña-González, A.
name: Benlliure, J.
name: Chatillon, A.
name: García-Jiménez, G.
name: Taieb, J.
name: Alvarez-Pol, H.
name: Atar, L.
name: Audouin, L.
name: Authelet, G.
name: Besteiro, A.
name: Blanchon, G.
name: Boretzky, K.
name: Cabanelas, P.
name: Casarejos, E.
name: Cederkall, J.
name: Cortina-Gil, D.
name: Corsi, A.
name: De Filippo, E.
name: Feijoo, M.
name: Galaviz, D.
name: Gasparic, I.
name: Gernhäuser, R.
name: Haettner, E.
name: Heil, M.
name: Heinz, A.
name: Holl, M.
name: Jenegger, T.
name: Ji, L.
name: Johansson, H. T.
name: Kelić-Heil, A.
name: Kiselev, O. A.
name: Klenze, P.
name: Knyazev, A.
name: Körper, D.
name: Kröll, T.
name: Lihtar, I.
name: Litvinov, Y. A.
name: Löher, B.
name: Martorana, N.
name: Morfouace, P.
name: Mücher, D.
name: Morales, S. Murillo
name: Obertelli, A.
name: Panin, V.
name: Park, J.
name: Paschalis, S.
name: Perea, A.
name: Petri1, M.
name: Pietri, S.
name: Pirrone, S.
name: Ponnath, L.
name: Revel, A.
name: Rhee, H. -B.
name: Rose, L.
name: Ross, D. M.
name: Russotto, P.
name: Simon, H.
name: Stott, A.
name: Sun, Y.
name: Sürder, C.
name: Taniuchi, R.
name: Tengblad, O.
name: Törnqvist, H. T.
name: Trimarchi, M.
name: Velardita, S.
name: Vesic, J.
name: Voss, B.
name: Weick, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the last decades, measurements of spallation, fragmentation and Coulex induced fission reactions in inverse kinematics have provided valuable data to accurately investigate the fission dynamics and nuclear structure at large deformations of a large variety of stable and non-stable heavy nuclei. To go a step further, we propose now to induce fission by the use of quasi-free (p,2p) scattering reactions in inverse kinematics, which allows us to reconstruct the excitation energy of the compound fissioning system by using the four-momenta of the two outgoing protons. Therefore, this new approach might permit to correlate the excitation energy with the charge and mass distributions of the fission fragments and with the fission probabilities, given for the first time direct access to the simultaneous measurement of the fission yield dependence on temperature and fission barrier heights of exotic heavy nuclei, respectively. The first experiment based on this methodology was realized recently at the GSI/FAIR facility and a detailed description of the experimental setup is given here.
description: 4 pages, 15th International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (ND2022)
Flame Acceleration in Channels with Obstacles in the Deflagration-to-Detonation Transition
Creators: name: Valiev, Damir
name: Bychkov, Vitaly
name: Akkerman, V'yacheslav
name: Law, Chung K.
name: Eriksson, Lars-Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It was demonstrated recently in Bychkov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (2008) 164501, that the physical mechanism of flame acceleration in channels with obstacles is qualitatively different from the classical Shelkin mechanism. The new mechanism is much stronger, and is independent of the Reynolds number. The present study provides details of the theory and numerical modeling of the flame acceleration. It is shown theoretically and computationally that flame acceleration progresses noticeably faster in the axisymmetric cylindrical geometry as compared to the planar one, and that the acceleration rate reduces with increasing initial Mach number and thereby the gas compressibility. Furthermore, the velocity of the accelerating flame saturates to a constant value that is supersonic with respect to the wall. The saturation state can be correlated to the Chapman-Jouguet deflagration as well as the fast flames observed in experiments. The possibility of transition from deflagration to detonation in the obstructed channels is demonstrated.
description: 12 pages
การบริหารจัดการในศตวรรษที่ 21 ที่สัมพันธ์กับการใช้นวัตกรรมในสถานศึกษาของโรงเรียนในสังกัดสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษามัธยมศึกษาประจวบคีรีขันธ์
Creators: name: ภรกนก สายชล
Publisher: name: สถาบันเทคโนโลยีนวัตกรรมทางการศึกษาและการวิจัยแห่งสุวรรณภูมิ (สนว.)
Year: 2022
Subjects: การบริหารจัดการในศตวรรษที่ 21
การใช้นวัตกรรมในสถานศึกษา
ความสัมพันธ์การบริหารกับการใช้นวัตกรรม

description: วารสารนวัตกรรมการศึกษาและการวิจัย, 6, 3, 892-904
Search for Higgs boson pair production in association with a vector boson in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper reports a search for Higgs boson pair ($hh$) production in association with a vector boson ($W$ or $Z$) using 139 $fb^{-1}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The search is performed in final states in which the vector boson decays leptonically ($W\to\ellν, Z\to\ell\ell,νν$ with $\ell=e, μ$) and the Higgs bosons each decay into a pair of $b$-quarks. It targets $Vhh$ signals from both non-resonant $hh$ production, present in the Standard Model (SM), and resonant $hh$ production, as predicted in some SM extensions. A 95% confidence-level upper limit of 183 (87) times the SM cross-section is observed (expected) for non-resonant $Vhh$ production when assuming the kinematics are as expected in the SM. Constraints are also placed on Higgs boson coupling modifiers. For the resonant search, upper limits on the production cross-sections are derived for two specific models: one is the production of a vector boson along with a neutral heavy scalar resonance $H$, in the mass range 260-1000 GeV, that decays into $hh$, and the other is the production of a heavier neutral pseudoscalar resonance $A$ that decays into a $Z$ boson and $H$ boson, where the $A$ boson mass is 360-800 GeV and the $H$ boson mass is 260-400 GeV. Constraints are also derived in the parameter space of two-Higgs-doublet models.
description: 37 pages in total, 11 figures, 5 tables. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HDBS-2019-31
สมรรถนะของผู้บริหารที่มีผลต่อแรงจูงใจในการปฏิบัติราชการของข้าราชการพลเรือนสามัญ สังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน
Creators: name: กิตติกานต์  ศรียา
Publisher: name: สถาบันเทคโนโลยีนวัตกรรมทางการศึกษาและการวิจัยแห่งสุวรรณภูมิ (สนว.)
Year: 2022
Subjects: สมรรถนะของผู้บริหาร
แรงจูงใจในการปฏิบัติงาน
สำนักงานคณะกรรมการส่งเสริมการศึกษาเอกชน

description: วารสารนวัตกรรมการศึกษาและการวิจัย, 6, 3, 905-920
การเรียนรู้เชิงรุก: แนวทางการเรียนการสอนที่เป็นเลิศในศตวรรษที่ 21
Creators: name: ภริมา วินิธาสถิตย์กุล
Publisher: name: สถาบันเทคโนโลยีนวัตกรรมทางการศึกษาและการวิจัยแห่งสุวรรณภูมิ (สนว.)
Year: 2022
Subjects: การเรียนรู้เชิงรุก
กระบวนการการเรียนรู้เชิงรุก
การเรียนการสอนที่เป็นเลิศ

description: วารสารนวัตกรรมการศึกษาและการวิจัย, 6, 3, 921-933
title: Έλεγχος ανεστραμμένου εκκρεμούς AMIRA σε πραγματικό χρόνο σε περιβάλλον MATLAB- SIMULINK
Creators: name: Νικητοπουλος Γεωργιος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2015

description: Η διπλωματική εργασία πραγματεύεται το σχεδιασμό ενός συστήματος αυτομά-του ελέγχου για ένα ασταθές μηχανικό σύστημα.  Είναι μια επίδειξη ότι η θεωρία ελέγχου μπορεί να εφαρμόζεται σε πραγματικά συστήματα.  Περιγράφεται ο έλε- γχος του συστήματος εκκρεμούς βαγονιού, το οποίο έχει μελετηθεί από πολλούς θεωρητικούς και μηχανικούς του ελέγχου ως ένα πρόβλημα ανεστραμμένου εκ-κρεμούς και ενός σύνθετου συστήματος αυτομάτου ελέγχου.  Στόχος είναι η ανύ-ψωση και η σταθεροποίηση του ανεστραμμένου εκκρεμούς στη κατακόρυφη θέση.  Έτσι πραγματοποιείται η σχεδίαση του αλγορίθμου ελέγχου, προσομοιώνεται σε περιβάλλον MATLAB- SIMULINK και ακολούθως εφαρμόζεται στη πραγματική πειραματική διάταξη της AMIRA LIP100, η οποία υπάρχει στο εργαστήριο.  Στόχος της εργασίας είναι να περιγραφεί και να επιτευχτεί αποδοτική σύνδεση μεταξύ των δύο συστημάτων  (Η/Υ-διάταξης), σχεδίαση, προσομοίωση και εφαρμογή του αλ-γορίθμου ελέγχου, όπως και λεπτομερής περιγραφή του λογισμικού- υλικού που χρησιμοποιείται κατά τη διάρκεια της υλοποίησης .  Όπου κρίνεται σκόπιμο πα-ρουσιάζονται στοιχεία από τη θεωρία ελέγχου και συμπληρώνεται από βιβλιογρα-φικά δεδομένα και σχόλια.
Hans Gummel, Forschungsgeschichte in Deutschland
Creators: name: Seger, Hans
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Hans Gummel, Forschungsgeschichte in Deutschland. (Die Urgeschichtsforschung und ihre historische Entwicklung in den Kulturstaaten der Erde, herausgegeben von Karl Hermann Jacob-Friesen, Band 1.) Verlag Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin 1938. XII, 483 S., 4 Abb., 16 Tafeln
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 23, Nr. 4 (1939)
Scanning cavity microscopy of a single-crystal diamond membrane
Creators: name: Körber, Jonathan
name: Pallmann, Maximilian
name: Heupel, Julia
name: Stöhr, Rainer
name: Vasilenko, Evgenij
name: Hümmer, Thomas
name: Kohler, Larissa
name: Popov, Cyril
name: Hunger, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spin-bearing color centers in the solid state are promising candidates for the realization of quantum networks and distributed quantum computing. A remaining key challenge is their efficient and reliable interfacing to photons. Incorporating minimally processed membranes into open-access microcavities represents a promising route for Purcellenhanced spin-photon interfaces: it enables significant emission enhancement and efficient photon collection, minimizes deteriorating influence on the quantum emitter, and allows for full spatial and spectral tunability, key for controllably addressing suitable emitters with desired optical and spin properties. Here, we study the properties of a high-finesse fiber Fabry-Pérot microcavity with integrated single-crystal diamond membranes by scanning cavity microscopy. We observe spatially resolved the effects of the diamond-air interface on the cavity mode structure: a strong correlation of the cavity finesse and mode structure with the diamond thickness and surface topography, significant transverse-mode mixing under diamond-like conditions, and mode-character-dependent polarization-mode splitting. Our results reveal the influence of the diamond surface on the achievable Purcell enhancement, which helps to clarify the route towards optimized spin-photon interfaces.
Extracting Unsatisfiable Cores for LTL via Temporal Resolution
Creators: name: Schuppan, Viktor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unsatisfiable cores (UCs) are a well established means for debugging in a declarative setting. Still, there are few tools that perform automated extraction of UCs for LTL. Existing tools compute a UC as an unsatisfiable subset of the set of top-level conjuncts of an LTL formula. Using resolution graphs to extract UCs is common in other domains such as SAT. In this article we construct and optimize resolution graphs for temporal resolution as implemented in the temporal resolution-based solver TRP++, and we use them to extract UCs for propositional LTL. The resulting UCs are more fine-grained than the UCs obtained from existing tools because UC extraction also simplifies top-level conjuncts instead of treating them as atomic entities. For example, given an unsatisfiable LTL formula of the form $ϕ\equiv ({\bf G} ψ) \wedge {\bf F} ψ'$ existing tools return $ϕ$ as a UC irrespective of the complexity of $ψ$ and $ψ'$, whereas the approach presented in this article continues to remove parts not required for unsatisfiability inside $ψ$ and $ψ'$. Our approach also identifies groups of occurrences of a proposition that do not interact in a proof of unsatisfiability. We implement our approach in TRP++. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that our approach (i) extracts UCs that are often significantly smaller than the input formula with an acceptable overhead and (ii) produces more fine-grained UCs than competing tools while remaining at least competitive in terms of run time and memory usage. The source code of our tool is publicly available.
description: Full version of an Acta Informatica paper
A Problem in the Statistical Description of Beta-Delayed Neutron Emission
Creators: name: Gorton, Oliver
name: Johnson, Calvin
name: Escher, Jutta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Reaction measurements on fission products are being planned at both Argonne National Lab and at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams. These indirect experiments produce specific short-lived nuclei via beta decay, and the subsequent neutron and gamma emission are studied. Some initial experiments found a surprising overabundance of gamma emission, which theory has yet to explain. To remedy this, we are developing an integrated nuclear data workflow that connects advanced nuclear shell model codes for describing the beta decay with a contemporary nuclear reaction model code.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, proceedings for 15th International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology (ND2022), version 2 [v2] includes correction to former figure 3 (now figure 4) and figure 2 has been split and modified
title: Ανάπτυξη και αξιολόγηση γεωθερμικού συστήματος με τη χρήση του ηλεκτρονικού περιβάλλοντος eQuest
Creators: name: Βεργιανακης Κωνσταντινος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2015

description: Το παρών τεχνικό κείμενο αναφέρεται στην ανάλυση και αξιολόγηση γεωθερμικού συστήματος με τη χρήση του ηλεκτρονικού περιβάλλοντος eQuest DOE 2.2. v 3.65. Σκοπός του είναι ο αναγνώστης να αποκτήσει αρχικά μια σφαιρική γνώση για τα γεωθερμικά συστήματα και στη συνέχεια μια εμπεριστατωμένη αντίληψη για την εισαγωγή τέτοιου είδους συστημάτων στο πρόγραμμα προσομοίωσης.
Ο αναγνώστης μπορεί επίσης να χρησιμοποιήσει το παρών κείμενο και ως οδηγό για την χρήση του eQuest καθώς περιγράφονται αναλυτικά τα στάδια εισαγωγής του κτιρίου, των σκιάσεών του και των διάφορων Η/Μ συστημάτων.
Τέλος παρουσιάζονται τα αποτελέσματα της προσομοίωσης καθώς και τα γενικά συμπεράσματα από τη χρήση του συγκεκριμένου εργαλείου.
On the interaction of electromagnetic waves with conductors
Creators: name: Paranjape, B. V.
name: Paranjape, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interaction of electromagnetic waves with electrons. Our results can be applied to radio waves in the ionosphere or to lasers impinging on metals causing melting. We generalize the classical analysis of Zener to the case which includes the interactions of the electrons with lattice vibrations or the positive ions. We use the induced polarization to give a globally coherent and unifying analysis of the two cases, where collisions are important and where they are negligible.
description: 5 pages, no figures
Unraveling information about supranuclear-dense matter from the complete binary neutron star coalescence process using future gravitational-wave detector networks
Creators: name: Puecher, Anna
name: Dietrich, Tim
name: Tsang, Ka Wa
name: Kalaghatgi, Chinmay
name: Roy, Soumen
name: Setyawati, Yoshinta
name: Broeck, Chris Van Den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves provide us with an extraordinary tool to study the matter inside neutron stars. In particular, the postmerger signal probes an extreme temperature and density regime and will help reveal information about the equation of state of supranuclear-dense matter. Although current detectors are most sensitive to the signal emitted by binary neutron stars before the merger, the upgrades of existing detectors and the construction of the next generation of detectors will make postmerger detections feasible. For this purpose, we present a new analytical, frequency-domain model for the inspiral-merger-postmerger signal emitted by binary neutron stars systems. The inspiral and merger part of the signals are modeled with IMRPhenomD_NRTidalv2, and we describe the main emission peak of postmerger with a three-parameter Lorentzian, using two different approaches: one in which the Lorentzian parameters are kept free, and one in which we model them via quasi-universal relations. We test the performance of our new complete waveform model in parameter estimation analyses, studying simulated signals obtained from both our developed model and by injecting numerical relativity waveforms. We investigate the performance of different detector networks to determine the improvement that future detectors will bring to our analysis. We consider Advanced LIGO+ and Advanced Virgo+, KAGRA, and LIGO-India. We also study the possible impact of a detector with high sensitivity in the kilohertz band like NEMO, and finally we compare these results to the ones we obtain with third-generation detectors, the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer.
description: Published version
Recommendations on the design of a Multispecies Benthic Marine Invertebrate Dive Survey Program for Stock Monitoring: Supplementary Material
Creators: name: Lochead, Janet
name: Schwarz, Carl James
name: Rooper, Chris
name: Bureau, Dominique
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: dive survey, multispecies, British Columbia, invertebrates, survey design

description: A new multispecies benthic invertebrate monitoring programis being developed to quantitativelymonitor stock abundance over time on the BC coast.This dive survey isdesigned to monitorabundance of Green (Strongylocentrotusdroebachiensis), Red(Mesocentrotus franciscanus)and Purple (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) Sea Urchin, Giant Red Sea Cucumber(Apostichopus californicus), Northern Abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana), Sunflower Star(Pycnopodiahelianthoides)and Pacific Geoduck (Panopea generosa) populations, and alsotocollectdetailed habitat information on substrate and algae. The survey protocol was developedin 2016 and is described in detail. Pilotsurveys were conducted in different areas of the coastfrom 2016 to2021.Datafrom these pilot surveys, along with data from single-species surveys(1978 to 2021), were analysed to make recommendations on optimal survey design for the newmonitoring program. The methods included reviewing single-species analyses that informedsamplingintensity on transects, looking at historic maximum transect lengths, investigatingstratification variables, and using an acceptance sampling method to determine the minimumrequirednumber of transects, given predefinedrisks andprobabilitiesassociatedwith beingabove or below reference points. In addition, densities of the GiantRed Sea Cucumber and sizeand habitat subsets of Red Sea Urchin populations were estimated as an example of how thesedata could be used to assess stock statusin the future.The recommendations on survey designwere to:1) Use the dive survey protocol described in Appendix 12.1 of the Research Document;2) Exclude sections of shoreline with fetch values lower than 20,000 m or higher than 2.52million m;3)Ensure surveys occurat the same time of year to avoid introducing seasonalvariation to the data;4)Use the common (across species) coast wide standard deviation-to-mean ratio of density (animalsper m2)equal to1.27 in calculations to determine thetargetnumber of transects to be sampled;5)Conduct at least 240 transects coast wide to estimatestock status;6)Implement a two-stage, random sampling design that minimizes the timerequired to cover the entire BC coast and optimizes the efficient useof available resources; and7)Continue to explore pre-or post-stratification variables to improve survey precision, as databecome available.
Statistical properties of power-law random banded unitary matrices in the delocalization-localization transition regime
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Jayendra N.
name: Gong, Jiangbin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power-law random banded unitary matrices (PRBUM), whose matrix elements decay in a power-law fashion, were recently proposed to model the critical statistics of the Floquet eigenstates of periodically driven quantum systems. In this work, we numerically study in detail the statistical properties of PRBUM ensembles in the delocalization-localization transition regime. In particular, implications of the delocalization-localization transition for the fractal dimension of the eigenvectors, for the distribution function of the eigenvector components, and for the nearest neighbor spacing statistics of the eigenphases are examined. On the one hand, our results further indicate that a PRBUM ensemble can serve as a unitary analog of the power-law random Hermitian matrix model for Anderson transition. On the other hand, some statistical features unseen before are found from PRBUM. For example, the dependence of the fractal dimension of the eigenvectors of PRBUM upon one ensemble parameter displays features that are quite different from that for the power-law random Hermitian matrix model. Furthermore, in the time-reversal symmetric case the nearest neighbor spacing distribution of PRBUM eigenphases is found to obey a semi-Poisson distribution for a broad range, but display an anomalous level repulsion in the absence of time-reversal symmetry.
description: 10 pages + 13 figs
Jean-Pierre Girault, La Fontaine de Loulié au Puy d’Issolud (Saint-Denis-lès-Martel et Vayrac, Lot). Le dossier archéologique du siège d’Uxellodunum
Creators: name: Rost, Achim
Publisher: name: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts
Year: 2017

description: Rezension zu: Jean-Pierre Girault, La Fontaine de Loulié au Puy d’Issolud (Saint-Denis-lès-Martel et Vayrac, Lot). Le dossier archéologique du siège d’Uxellodunum. Mit einem Vorwort von Michel Reddé. Collection Bibracte Band 23. Glux-en-Glenne, Bibracte 2013. ISSN 1281- 430X, ISBN 978-2-909668-77-2. 176 Seiten, 87 Abbildungen, 16 Tafeln
description: Germania : Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Bd. 94 (2016)
Experimental observation of plasmons in a graphene monolayer resting on a two-dimensional subwavelength silicon grating
Creators: name: Zhu, Xiaolong
name: Yan, Wei
name: Jepsen, Peter Uhd
name: Hansen, Ole
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
name: Xiao, Sanshui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally demonstrate graphene-plasmon polariton excitation in a continuous graphene monolayer resting on a two-dimensional subwavelength silicon grating. The subwavelength silicon grating is fabricated by a nanosphere lithography technique with a self-assembled nanosphere array as a template. Measured transmission spectra illustrate the excitation of graphene-plasmon polaritons, which is further supported by numerical simulations and theoretical prediction of plasmonband diagrams. Our grating-assisted coupling to graphene-plasmon polaritons forms an important platform for graphene-based opto-electronics applications.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, revised version accepted by APL
Pass or Fail? Examination dreams in a long dream series
Creators: name: Schredl, Michael
Publisher: name: International Journal of Dream Research
Year: 2017
Subjects: : Dream series; examination dreams; continuity hypothesis

description: Examination dreams had being classified as typical dream because many people have them. The literature focused on the negatively toned dreams, e.g., failing the exam, being obliged to take the exam again, being unprepared. The present findings analyzing 10,713 dreams of an academic indicate that examination dreams show high variability in content, i.e., there are examination dreams including positive emotions and knowledge about the subject of the exam and dreams about examinations without being examined. Furthermore, examination dreams were found more often in periods when the dreamer was facing a lot of exams in his waking life – supporting the continuity hypothesis of dreaming. To expand the present findings, it would be interesting to study examination dreams in persons with different educational background and in faculty staff who are examiners.
description: International Journal of Dream Research, Vol 10, No 1 (April 2017)
Hyperuniformity in Type-II Superconductors with Point and Planar Defects
Creators: name: Puig, Joaquín
name: Sánchez, Jazmín Aragón
name: Nieva, Gladys
name: Kolton, Alejandro B.
name: Fasano, Yanina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use vortex matter in type-II superconductors as a playground to study how different types of disorder affect the long wavelength density fluctuations of the system. We find that irrespective of the vortex-vortex interaction, in the case of samples with weak and dense point defects the system presents the hidden order of hyperuniformity characterized by an algebraic suppression of density fluctuations when increasing the system size. We also reveal that, on the contrary, for samples with planar defects hyperuniformity is suppressed since density fluctuations have a tendency to unboundedness on increasing the system size. Although some of these results were known from previous works, this paper makes the fundamental discovery that the ability of planar disorder to suppress hyperuniformity grows on increasing the softness of the structure for more diluted systems.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, Conference LT29, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan: Conference Proceedings accepted 2022
Intrinsic lineshape of the Raman 2D-mode in freestanding graphene monolayers
Creators: name: Berciaud, Stéphane
name: Li, Xianglong
name: Htoon, Han
name: Brus, Louis E.
name: Doorn, Stephen K.
name: Heinz, Tony F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a comprehensive study of the two-phonon inter-valley (2D) Raman mode in graphene monolayers, motivated by recent reports of asymmetric 2D-mode lineshapes in freestanding graphene. For photon energies in the range $1.53 \rm eV - 2.71 \rm eV$, the 2D-mode Raman response of freestanding samples appears as bimodal, in stark contrast with the Lorentzian approximation that is commonly used for supported monolayers. The transition between the freestanding and supported cases is mimicked by electrostatically doping freestanding graphene at carrier densities above $2\times 10^{11} \rm cm^{-2}$. This result quantitatively demonstrates that low levels of charging can obscure the intrinsically bimodal 2D-mode lineshape of monolayer graphene, which can be utilized as a signature of a quasi-neutral sample. In pristine freestanding graphene, we observe a broadening of the 2D-mode feature with decreasing photon energy that cannot be rationalized using a simple one-dimensional model based on resonant \textit{inner} and \textit{outer} processes. This indicates that phonon wavevectors away from the high-symmetry lines of the Brillouin zone must contribute to the 2D-mode, so that a full two-dimensional calculation is required to properly describe multiphonon-resonant Raman processes.
Two-photon imaging of soliton dynamics
Creators: name: Sterczewski, Lukasz A.
name: Sotor, Jaroslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical solitary waves (solitons) that interact in a nonlinear system can bind and form a structure similar to a molecule. The rich dynamics of this process have created a demand for rapid spectral characterization to deepen the understanding of soliton physics with many practical implications. Here, we demonstrate stroboscopic, two-photon imaging of soliton molecules (SM) with completely unsynchronized lasers, where the wavelength and bandwidth constraints are considerably eased compared to conventional imaging techniques. Two-photon detection enables the probe and tested oscillator to operate at completely different wavelengths, which permits mature near-infrared laser technology to be leveraged for rapid SM studies of emerging long-wavelength laser sources. As a demonstration, using a 1550 nm probe laser we image the behavior of soliton singlets across the 1800-2100 nm range, and capture the rich dynamics of evolving multiatomic SM. This technique may prove to be an essential, easy-to-implement diagnostic tool for detecting the presence of loosely-bound SM, which often remain unnoticed due to instrumental resolution or bandwidth limitations.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Kooperative Erschließung und Nutzung der Objektdaten von Münzsammlungen (KENOM) - Ein Online-System zur nachhaltigen Digitalisierung von Münzen, Medaillen und Papiergeld
Creators: name: Dührkohp, Frank
Publisher: name: AKMB-news: Informationen zu Kunst, Museum und Bibliothek
Year: 2017

description: -
description: AKMB-news: Informationen zu Kunst, Museum und Bibliothek, Bd. 22, Nr. 1 (2016): AKMB-news
Additional file 1 of SampleQC: robust multivariate, multi-cell type, multi-sample quality control for single-cell data
Creators: name: Macnair, Will
name: Robinson, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 1. Supplementary Figures.
Self- and Mutual Inductance of NbN and Bilayer NbN/Nb Inductors in Planarized Fabrication Process With Nb Ground Planes
Creators: name: Tolpygo, Sergey K.
name: Golden, Evan B.
name: Weir, Terence J.
name: Bolkhovsky, Vladimir
name: Rastogi, Ravi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the self- and mutual inductance of NbN and bilayer NbN/Nb inductors with Nb ground plane(s) fabricated in an advanced process for superconductor electronics developed at MIT Lincoln Laboratory. In this process, the signal traces of logic cell inductors are made either of a 200-nm NbN layer with $T_c$=15 K or of an in-situ deposited NbN/Nb bilayer, replacing a 200-nm Nb layer M6 in the standard SFQ5ee process with nine superconducting layers. Nb ground planes were preserved to maintain a high level of interlayer shielding and low intralayer mutual coupling. A two-step patterning of the top Nb and the bottom NbN layers of the NbN/Nb bilayer allows to create inductors in a very wide range of linear inductance values, from low values ~ 0.4 pH/$μ$m typical for Nb geometrical inductors to ~ 35 pH/$μ$m typical to thin-film kinetic inductors. Mutual inductance of NbN and Nb inductors, of NbN inductors, and of bilayer inductors is the same as between two Nb inductors with the same geometry and placement between the ground planes, i.e., mutual inductance does not depend on superconducting properties of the signal traces in the studied range of linewidths. We measured magnetic field penetration depth and kinetic inductance of NbN films with thickness t=200 nm to be $λ$ = 491+/-5 nm and 1.51 pH/sq, and 2.06 pH/sq at t=150 nm. The kinetic inductance was found to be larger than that expected for superconductors with short mean free path, indicating a reduction in the superfluid density, likely due to carrier localization effects. Kinetic inductance associated with right-angled bends of the NbN inductors is negligible at linewidths $w<λ^2/t$, indicating a very small current crowding in structures with superconducting ground plane(s). Implementation of NbN and NbN/Nb inductors can significantly increase integration scale of superconductor digital electronics.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, 60 references
BC-SIM-TR-030 - EGSE ICO#4 Report
Creators: name: POLITI, ROMOLO
name: SIMIONI, EMANUELE
name: ZUSI, MICHELE
name: CREMONESE, GABRIELE
name: CAPACCIONI, FABRIZIO
name: CAPRIA, MARIA TERESA
name: DORESSOUNDIRAM, ALAIN
name: PALUMBO, PASQUALE
name: VINCENDON, MATHIEU
Publisher: name: IAPS Roma
Year: 2022

description: In this document we will describe all the tests performed during the fourth Instrument Checkout (ICO#04) for the Spectrometers and Imagers for MPO BepiColombo Integrated Observatory SYStem (SIMBIO-SYS). The checkout session was performed between December 13th and 14th 2020. For each test it will be presented the pipeline report and, where necessary, a discussion on the detected anomalies.
title: Μέτρηση και ανάλυση των χαρακτηριστικών ποιότητας μέσω του μοντέλου Kano: Εφαρμογή μεθοδολογίας στον κλάδο των φορητών ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών (Laptops)
Creators: name: Μπομπολακη Φωτεινη
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2015

description: Η μέτρηση της αντιλαμβανόμενης ποιότητας, μέσω της εκτίμησης του επιπέδου ικανοποίησης των πελατών, αποτελεί βασικό παράγοντα επιτυχίας και επιβίωσης για τις σύγχρονες επιχειρήσεις. Για πολλά καταστήματα η ικανοποίηση των πελατών τους αποτελεί από μόνη της το μέτρο της επιτυχίας τους και χρησιμεύει ως εργαλείο στρατηγικής τους. Αυτό που αποτελεί επιθυμητό στόχο της μέτρησης είναι το κατά πόσο τα προϊόντα ή οι υπηρεσίες που προσφέρονται ανταποκρίνονται στις προσδοκίες των πελατών. Επιπρόσθετα, όπως αποδεικνύεται από μεγάλο αριθμό μελετών, η ικανοποίηση είναι σε θέση να αυξήσει τις πωλήσεις, μέσω της δημιουργίας αφοσιωμένων πελατών.
Μια μεθοδολογία που μπορεί να αναλύσει τους παράγοντες ικανοποίησης των πελατών είναι το μοντέλο του Kano. Το μοντέλο αυτό κατηγοριοποιεί τα χαρακτηριστικά ποιότητας ενός προϊόντος ή μιας υπηρεσίας, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την επιρροή τους στην ικανοποίηση και τη δυσαρέσκεια των πελατών.
Σκοπός της παρούσας διπλωματικής εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση της μεθοδολογίας του μοντέλου Kano και του τρόπου κατηγοριοποίησης των χαρακτηριστικών ενός προϊόντος/ υπηρεσίας στις διαστάσεις ποιότητας (αναμενόμενη, επιθυμητή, ελκυστική, αδιάστροφη, αντίστροφη και αμφισβητήσιμη) και η διερεύνηση της ικανοποίηση των πελατών σε ένα πραγματικό περιβάλλον όπως είναι ο τομέας των φορητών ηλεκτρονικών υπολογιστών.
On inverse mean curvature flow in Schwarzschild space and Kottler space
Creators: name: Li, Haizhong
name: Wei, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we first study the behavior of inverse mean curvature flow in Schwarzschild manifold. We show that if the initial hypersurface $Σ$ is strictly mean convex and star-shaped, then the flow hypersurface $Σ_t$ converges to a large coordinate sphere as $t\rightarrow \infty$ exponentially. We also describe an application of this convergence result. In the second part of this paper, we will analyse the inverse mean curvature flow in Kottler-Schwarzchild manifold. By deriving a lower bound for the mean curvature on the flow hypersurface independently of the initial mean curvature, we can use an approximation argument to show the global existence and regularity of the smooth inverse mean curvature flow for star-shaped and weakly mean convex initial hypersurface, which generalizes Huisken-Ilmanen's result [18].
description: 23 pages, v2, title changed, new result added
Additional file 2 of SampleQC: robust multivariate, multi-cell type, multi-sample quality control for single-cell data
Creators: name: Macnair, Will
name: Robinson, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 2. Reviewer reports.
Remarks on the Aharonov-Casher dynamics in a CPT-odd Lorentz-violating background
Creators: name: Silva, E. O.
name: Andrade, F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Aharonov-Casher problem in the presence of a Lorentz-violating background nonminimally coupled to a spinor and a gauge field is examined. Using an approach based on the self-adjoint extension method, an expression for the bound state energies is obtained in terms of the physics of the problem by determining the self-adjoint extension parameter.
description: Matches published version
Foliated-Exotic Duality in Fractonic BF Theories
Creators: name: Ohmori, Kantaro
name: Shimamura, Shutaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been proposed two continuum descriptions of fracton systems: foliated quantum field theories (FQFTs) and exotic quantum field theories. Certain fracton systems are believed to admit descriptions by both, and hence a duality is expected between such a class of FQFTs and exotic QFTs. In this paper we study this duality in detail for concrete examples in $2+1$ and $3+1$ dimensions. In the examples, both sides of the continuum theories are of $BF$-type, and we find the explicit correspondences of gauge-invariant operators, gauge fields, parameters, and allowed singularities and discontinuities. This deepens the understanding of dualities in fractonic quantum field theories.
description: 46 pages
title: Σχεδιασμός και τοπολογική βελτιστοποίηση τροχού αυτοκινήτου κράματος αλουμινίου
Creators: name: Μπιτζας Γεωργιος
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2015

description: Τα τελευταία χρόνια, ο ανταγωνισμός στην αγορά του αυτοκινήτου ολοένα και αυξάνεται όσον αφορά την οικονομία καυσίμου, εδικά για την κατηγορία των ελαφρών εμπορικών οχημάτων. Αυτό έχει δημιουργήσει για τις αυτοκινητοβιομηχανίες την αναγκαιότητα μείωσης του επιπέδου κατανάλωσης καυσίμου. Το βάρος του οχήματος είναι ένας από τους σημαντικότερους παράγοντες που επηρεάζουν την κατανάλωση καυσίμου.
Η ελαχιστοποίηση του βάρους των τροχών ενός αυτοκινήτου είναι πολύ πιο αποτελεσματική σε σχέση με την ελαχιστοποίηση άλλων σημείων του αυτοκινήτου. Ως εκ τούτου, ο σχεδιασμός του τροχού θα πρέπει να βελτιστοποιηθεί λαμβάνοντας υπόψη θεμελιώδη χαρακτηριστικά, όπως η αντοχή και το βάρος.
Στην παρούσα εργασία διερευνάται ο βέλτιστος σχεδιασμός ενός τροχού αλουμινίου χαμηλού βάρους, με τη χρήση του πακέτου τοπολογικής βελτιστοποίησης που παρέχει το πρόγραμμα πεπερασμένων στοιχείων Abaqus. Η διαδικασία διαμορφώνει το προφίλ στην περιοχή των ακτινών του τροχού, για την επίτευξη μέγιστης αντοχής, με το χαμηλότερο δυνατό συνολικό βάρος. Η ανάλυση βασίζεται σε συγκεκριμένες πρότυπες δοκιμές που υπάρχουν και οι οποίες εξετάζουν την αντοχή του τροχού σε περιπτώσεις πρόσκρουσης ή ακραίων συνθηκών οδήγησης. Μελετάται η κατανομή των τάσεων Von Mises τόσο πριν όσο και μετά τη διαδικασία βελτιστοποίησης, επαληθεύοντας τα αποτελέσματα για τον τελικό σχεδιασμό.
Additional file 3 of SampleQC: robust multivariate, multi-cell type, multi-sample quality control for single-cell data
Creators: name: Macnair, Will
name: Robinson, Mark
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology

description: Additional file 3. Authors’ response to first round of review.
Broadband Multifunctional Plasmonic Polarization Converter based on Multimode Interference Coupler
Creators: name: Pezeshki, Hamed
name: Koopmans, Bert
name: van der Tol, Jos J. G. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a multifunctional integrated plasmonic-photonic polarization converter for polarization demultiplexing in an indium-phosphide membrane on silicon platform. Using a compact 1$\times$4 multimode interference coupler, this device can provide simultaneous half-wave plate and quarter-wave plate (HWP and QWP) functionalities, where the latter generates two quasi-circular polarized beams with opposite spins and topological charges of $l$ = $\pm$1. Our device employs a two-section HWP to obtain a very large conversion efficiency of $\geq$ 91% over the entire C to U telecom bands, while it offers a conversion efficiency of $\geq$ 95% over $\sim$ 86% of the C to U bands. Our device also illustrates QWP functionality, where the transmission contrast between the transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes is $\approx$ 0 dB over the whole C band and 55% of the C to U bands. We expect this device can be a promising building block for the realization of ultracompact on-chip polarization demultiplexing and lab-on-a-chip biosensing platforms. Finally, our proposed device allows the use of the polarization and angular momentum degrees of freedom, which makes it attractive for quantum information processing.
Constructing a WISE High Resolution Galaxy Atlas
Creators: name: Jarrett, T. H.
name: Masci, F.
name: Tsai, C. W.
name: Petty, S.
name: Cluver, M.
name: Assef, Roberto J.
name: Benford, D.
name: Blain, A.
name: Bridge, C.
name: Donoso, E.
name: Eisenhardt, P.
name: Fowler, J.
name: Koribalski, B.
name: Lake, S.
name: Neill, James D.
name: Seibert, M.
name: Sheth, K.
name: Stanford, S.
name: Wright, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After eight months of continuous observations, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mapped the entire sky at 3.4 μm, 4.6 μm, 12 μm and 22 μm. We have begun a dedicated WISE High Resolution Galaxy Atlas (WHRGA) project to fully characterize large, nearby galaxies and produce a legacy image atlas and source catalogue. Here we summarize the deconvolution technique used to significantly improve the spatial resolution of WISE imaging, specifically designed to study the internal anatomy of nearby galaxies. As a case study, we present results for the galaxy NGC 1566, comparing the WISE super-resolution image processing to that of Spitzer, GALEX and ground-based imaging. The is the first paper in a two part series; results for a much larger sample of nearby galaxies is presented in the second paper.
description: Published in the AJ (2012, AJ, 144, 68)
Quantum Monte Carlo sign bounds, topological Mott insulator and thermodynamic transitions in twisted bilayer graphene model
Creators: name: Zhang, Xu
name: Pan, Gaopei
name: Chen, Bin-Bin
name: Li, Heqiu
name: Sun, Kai
name: Meng, Zi Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that for magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) away from charge neutrality, although quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulations suffer from the sign problem, the computational complexity is at most polynomial at certain integer fillings. For even integer fillings, this polynomial complexity survives even if an extra inter-valley attractive interaction is introduced, on top of Coulomb repulsions. This observation allows us to simulate magic-angle twisted bilayer graphene and to obtain accurate phase diagram and dynamical properties. At the chiral limit and filling $ν=1$, the simulations reveal a thermodynamic transition separating metallic state and a $C=1$ correlated Chern insulator -- topological Mott insulator (TMI) -- and the pseudogap spectrum slightly above the transition temperature. The ground state excitation spectra of the TMI exhibit a spin-valley U(4) Goldstone mode and a time reversal restoring excitonic gap smaller than the single particle gap. These results are qualitatively consistent with the recent experimental findings at zero-field and $ν=1$ filling in $h$-BN nonaligned TBG.
title: Εκτίμηση της αποτελεσματικότητας του συστήματος ελέγχου με ασαφή λογική στη λειτουργεία περιστροφικής καμίνου
Creators: name: Παπαδημητρίου Δημήτρης
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 1996

description: Μη διαθέσιμο
INAF Raggruppamento Scientifico Nazionale 5 - Forum delle Tecnologie 2022
Creators: name: BECCIANI, Ugo
name: BOLLI, Pietro
name: BULGARELLI, ANDREA
name: BUSONERO, Deborah
name: CAPASSO, Giulio
name: DI RICO, Gianluca
name: FRANZETTI, PAOLO
name: LO CICERO, UGO
name: MOLINARO, Marco
name: PERNECHELE, Claudio
name: PISANU, Tonino
name: RIGHINI, SIMONA
name: SANGIORGI, Pierluca
name: SANTOLI, Francesco
name: VITALI, Fabrizio
name: ZANUTTA, Alessio
Publisher: name: O.A. Catania
Year: 2022

description: Il CSN5, rispondendo alle esigenze di creare maggiori occasioni di dialogo e di networking e di mettere a fattor comune le esperienze maturate in settori strategici del nostro Ente, ha organizzato il primo “Forum della Ricerca Sperimentale e Tecnologica INAF” che si è svolto presso l’area di ricerca di Bologna nei giorni 22, 23 e 24 giugno 2022. L'evento aveva diversi obiettivi: - incrementare la reciproca conoscenza delle attività tecnologiche condotte nelle diverse strutture INAF; - favorire discussioni, scambi, sinergie; - promuovere il senso di appartenenza alla comunità INAF; - introdurre e coinvolgere il personale assunto negli ultimi anni, che non dispone di una visione di insieme di tutte le attività svolte dall’INAF; - stimolare le collaborazioni, anche al di fuori dei rapporti già esistenti; - far emergere eventuali problematiche, discuterne insieme ed individuare possibili soluzioni; - in generale, migliorare la capacità dell’Ente nel realizzare strumentazione sempre più sofisticata e complessa.