cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A serum levels and common gene polymorphisms in generalized periodontitis affected patients
Creators: name: Kriauciunas, Albertas
name: Zekonis, Gediminas
name: Gedvilaite, Greta
name: Duseikaitė, Monika
name: Pileckaitė, Enrika
name: Pacauskiene, Ingrida
name: Liutkeviciene, Rasa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: To evaluate and compare the associations of VEGFA serum levels and SNPs (rs1570360, rs699947, rs3025033, and rs2146323) with periodontitis in study participants grouped by gender. The study enrolled 261 patients with periodontitis and 441 healthy controls as a reference group. Patients underwent periodontal examination and radiographic analysis to confirm the periodontitis diagnosis. Blood samples were collected, and the DNA salting-out method was used for DNA extraction from peripheral venous blood. Genotyping of VEGFA (rs1570360, rs699947, rs3025033, and rs2146323) was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serum level analysis was done for 80 individuals − 40 periodontitis-affected patients and 40 reference group subjects. The analysis of VEGFA (rs1570360, rs699947, rs3025033, and rs2146323) showed that the rs3025033 GG genotype was less frequent in the periodontitis group than in the reference group (1.6% vs. 5.7%,p = 0.008). VEGFA serum levels were not statistically significantly different between periodontitis patients and reference group subjects (554.29 (522.38) ng/ml vs. 581.32 (348.16) ng/ml, p = 0.786). Individuals carrying rs1570360, rs699947, rs3025033, and rs2146323 haplotype A-A-G-A had decreased risks of periodontitis, while rare haplotype of VEGFA (rs1570360, rs699947, rs3025033, and rs2146323) was associated with increased odds of periodontitis (OR= 0.42; 95% CI: 0.20–0.85; p < 0.017; OR= 4.08; 95% CI: 1.86–8.94; p < 0.0001, respectively). The rs3025033 GG genotype and the rs1570360, rs699947, rs3025033, and rs2146323 A-A-G-A haplotypes may play a protective role in the development of periodontitis, but a less common haplotype of the same VEGFA polymorphism may be associated with the risk of developing periodontitis.
title: GMRT-AusSeabed PL-019 User Needs Survey Summary: Setting User Requirements
Creators: name: C., Yule
name: D., Greenslade
name: G., Davies
name: K., Picard
Publisher: name: Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia)
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: EARTH SCIENCES
subject: Marine
subject: Bathymetry
subject: Multibeam
subject: AusSeabed
subject: Published_External

description: The GMRT-AusSeabed project aims to address the cost associated with processing, merging and reformatting of bathymetric data in marine modelling and management. This will be achieved by adopting and expanding the Global Multi-Resolution Topography Synthesis (GMRT) tool and becoming a local platform node focused on Australia’s region of marine responsibility. The GMRT is operated by Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory and funded by the US National Science Foundation. The implementation of GMRT for Australia is supported by funding from the Australian Research Data Commons (ARDC). One of the main deliverables for the project is a user needs analysis, which will inform the design of the platform. This report presents a summary of the outcomes of the engagement with the ocean and coastal modelling community to ensure the solutions are fit-for-purpose. The initial project plan included a proposal for in-person workshop with the modelling community to establish user requirements, however COVID-19 restrictions were in place during the project and this was not possible. Instead, requirements were gathered from the community via an online survey. An overview of the survey questions and responses is presented in Section 2, while Section 3 provides some further analysis of the results and recommendations for the design of the new platform.
Characterization of the hot Neptune GJ 436b with Spitzer and ground-based observations
Creators: name: Demory, B. -O.
name: Gillon, M.
name: Barman, T.
name: Bonfils, X.
name: Mayor, M.
name: Mazeh, T.
name: Queloz, D.
name: Udry, S.
name: Bouchy, F.
name: Delfosse, X.
name: Forveille, T.
name: Mallmann, F.
name: Pepe, F.
name: Perrier, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Spitzer Space Telescope infrared photometry of a secondary eclipse of the hot Neptune GJ436b. The observations were obtained using the 8-micron band of the InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC). The data spanning the predicted time of secondary eclipse show a clear flux decrement with the expected shape and duration. The observed eclipse depth of 0.58 mmag allows us to estimate a blackbody brightness temperature of T_p = 717 +- 35 K at 8 microns. We compare this infrared flux measurement to a model of the planetary thermal emission, and show that this model reproduces properly the observed flux decrement. The timing of the secondary eclipse confirms the non-zero orbital eccentricity of the planet, while also increasing its precision (e = 0.14 +- 0.01). Additional new spectroscopic and photometric observations allow us to estimate the rotational period of the star and to assess the potential presence of another planet.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A on 11/09/2007; 7 pages, 6 figures
A multivariate approach to heavy flavour tagging with cascade training
Creators: name: Bastos, J.
name: Liu, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper compares the performance of artificial neural networks and boosted decision trees, with and without cascade training, for tagging b-jets in a collider experiment. It is shown, using a Monte Carlo simulation of $WH \to lνq\bar{q}$ events, that for a b-tagging efficiency of 50%, the light jet rejection power given by boosted decision trees without cascade training is about 55% higher than that given by artificial neural networks. The cascade training technique can improve the performance of boosted decision trees and artificial neural networks at this b-tagging efficiency level by about 35% and 80% respectively. We conclude that the cascade trained boosted decision trees method is the most promising technique for tagging heavy flavours at collider experiments.
description: 14 pages, 12 figures, revised version
Softening of the equation of state of matter at large densities and temperatures: chiral symmetry restoration vs. quark deconfinement
Creators: name: Bonanno, Luca
name: Drago, Alessandro
name: Lavagno, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss two models for describing the behavior of matter at large densities and intermediate temperatures. In both models a softening of the equation of state takes place due to the appearance of new degrees of freedom. The first is a hadronic model in which the softening is due to chiral symmetry restoration. In the second model the softening is associated with the formation of clusters of quarks in the mixed phase. We show that both models allow a significant softening but, in the first case the bulk modulus is mainly dependent on the density, while in the mixed phase model it also strongly depends on the temperature. We also show that the bulk modulus is not vanishing in the mixed phase due to the presence of two conserved charges, the baryon and the isospin one. Only in a small region of densities and temperatures the incompressibility becomes extremely small. Finally we compare our results with recent analysis of heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, editorially accepted version
Supplementary Material from Unravelling a diversity of cellular structures and aggregation dynamics during the early development of Myxococcus xanthus
Creators: name: Rivera-Yoshida, Natsuko
name: V. Arzola, Alejandro
name: Benítez, Mariana
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 310404
subject: Evolution of developmental systems

description: ESM titles and captions.docx
IGR J16194-2810: a new symbiotic X-ray binary
Creators: name: Masetti, N.
name: Landi, R.
name: Pretorius, M. L.
name: Sguera, V.
name: Bird, A. J.
name: Perri, M.
name: Charles, P. A.
name: Kennea, J. A.
name: Malizia, A.
name: Ubertini, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We here report on the multiwavelength study which led us to the identification of X-ray source IGR J16194-2810 as a new Symbiotic X-ray Binary (SyXB), that is, a rare type of Low Mass X-ray Binary (LMXB) composed of a M-type giant and a compact object. Using the accurate X-ray position allowed by Swift/XRT data, we pinpointed the optical counterpart, a M2 III star. Besides, the combined use of the spectral information afforded by XRT and INTEGRAL/IBIS shows that the 0.5-200 keV spectrum of this source can be described with an absorbed Comptonization model, usually found in LMXBs and, in particular, in SyXBs. No long-term (days to months) periodicities are detected in the IBIS data. The time coverage afforded by XRT reveals shot-noise variability typical of accreting Galactic X-ray sources, but is not good enough to explore the presence of X-ray short-term (seconds to hours) oscillations in detail. By using the above information, we infer important parameters for this source such as its distance (about 3.7 kpc) and X-ray luminosity (about 1.4e35 erg/s in the 0.5-200 keV band), and we give a description for this system (typical of SyXBs) in which a compact object (possibly a neutron star) accretes from the wind of its M-type giant companion. We also draw some comparisons between IGR J16194-2810 and other sources belonging to this subclass, finding that this object resembles SyXBs 4U 1700+24 and 4U 1954+31.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics, main journal. Slight changes to match the proof-corrected version: Pdot/P for 4U 1954+31 (in Table 3) corrected; acknowledgements expanded; references updated
Foliations on quaternion CR-submanifolds
Creators: name: Ianus, Stere
name: Ionescu, Adrian Mihai
name: Vilcu, Gabriel Eduard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15

description: The purpose of this paper is to study the canonical foliations of a quaternion CR-submanifold of a quaternion Kähler manifold.
description: 10 pages
Explaining Time's Direction
Creators: name: Barber, Robert
Publisher: name: UH Research Archive
Year: 2021
Subjects: Past Hypothesis
Quasi-miracles
Time's Direction

description: The characteristics of the tenseless theory of time do not account for the direction of time that we experience at a global or local level. There have been several attempts by scientists, and philosophers, to account for what underpins time’s direction. But all of these accounts fail to give a full account of time’s direction, most commonly in accounting for the direction of time at a local level. I put forward that Lewis’s asymmetry of counterfactual dependence, when adapted to be underpinned by the asymmetry of quasi-miracles, accounts for time’s direction, at both a global and local level. Lewis introduced quasi-miracles to solve a different problem in his asymmetry of counterfactual dependence. But, I believe that by recognising the extraordinariness of certain events helps to explain why the explanation of some local events occurring appears to be time’s reversal, when in fact the event is just following the laws of nature. I further argue that this account for time’s direction should be combined with the Past Hypothesis, which gives us a new understanding of what should be considered a fundamental law of nature, so that we do not require lots of extraordinary events to account for the way our world is.
UNDERSTANDING THE ETHICAL DILEMMAS FACED BY EMS PROVIDERS IN PREHOSPITAL TRAUMA CARE: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
Creators: name: Hadi Abrahim Aljlaimi,Ayman Ahmed Al-Hilali,Abdullah Mohammed Alharazi,Hassan Gohrmalla Alghmdi,Abdullah Abdu Alrufaydi,Ali hussain Aljadani,Majed Awad AlZahrani,Saleh Khader Al Zahrani,Belgethe Yousof Al Gelymy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This narrative review explores the ethical dilemmas faced by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers in prehospital trauma care. EMS personnel operate under high-pressure conditions, often requiring rapid decision-making that can significantly influence patient outcomes. This review synthesizes existing literature to identify common ethical challenges, including conflicts between patient autonomy and the urgency of care, issues surrounding informed consent, and the complexities of resource allocation during triage. The findings underscore the necessity of clear ethical guidelines and ongoing training to better equip EMS providers in navigating these dilemmas. The review highlights that while immediate interventions are often crucial, they may conflict with ethical principles, leading to moral distress among providers. Recommendations for future research include the development of standardized ethical frameworks, integration of ethical training in EMS education, and exploration of technological aids to support decision-making. By addressing these ethical complexities, the study aims to enhance the quality of care provided by EMS professionals, ultimately benefiting patient outcomes and provider well-being.

Keywords: Ethical dilemmas, Emergency Medical Services, prehospital care, patient autonomy, trauma care.
First-principles prediction of crystal structure and physical properties of ScB3
Creators: name: Bai, Tingting
name: Zhang, Gangtai
name: Zhao, Yaru
name: Chen, Lei
name: Mu, Baoxia
name: Han, Yuefeng
name: Wei, Qun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: The crystal structure of ScB3 is seeked by combining the developed particle swarm optimisation algorithm for crystal structure prediction with first-principles calculations. A new monoclinic phase with the C2/m symmetry is predicted successfully, which is energetically more superior to the early reported R-3m-, P21/m-, P63/mmc-, P-6m2-, Pnma-, and Pm-3m-type structures in the pressure range from 0 to 100 GPa. The obtained elastic constants and phonon dispersion curve reveal that the C2/m-ScB3 is mechanically and dynamically stable. The predicted large bulk module, high shear modulus, small Poisson’s ratio as well as the considerable hardness indicate that the C2/m-ScB3 has outstanding mechanical property. Meanwhile, the dependences of the bulk modulus and Young’s modulus of ScB3 on the crystal orientation are investigated theoretically. Through applying the strain–stress method, the ideal tensile and shear strengths along different crystal directions are also estimated, and the obtained results confirm that the shear mode dominates the failure mode in the C2/m-ScB3 structure and it is intrinsically a hard material. The electronic structure calculation and chemical bonding analysis illustrate that the strong covalent B-B and Sc-B bonds are responsible for its structural stability and high hardness.
RKKY interaction in a spin-split superconductor
Creators: name: Ghanbari, Atousa
name: Linder, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine theoretically the interaction between two magnetic impurities embedded in a spin-split $s$-wave superconductor. The spin-splitting in the superconductor gives rise to two different interaction types between the impurity spins, depending on whether their spins lie in the plane perpendicular to the spin-splitting field (Heisenberg) or not (Ising). For impurity separation distances exceeding $ξ_S$, we find that the magnitude of the spin-splitting can determine whether an antiferromagnetic or ferromagnetic alignment of the impurity spins is preferred by the RKKY interaction. Moreover, the Ising and Heisenberg terms of the RKKY interaction alternate on being the dominant term and their magnitudes oscillate as a function of distance between the impurities.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Testing cold dark matter with the low mass Tully-Fisher relation
Creators: name: Blanton, Michael R.
name: Geha, Marla
name: West, Andrew A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The galaxy circular velocity function at small masses is related to the matter power spectrum on small scales. Although this function is well-studied for Local Group dwarfs, theoretical predictions and observational measurements are difficult for satellite galaxies, because of ram pressure and tidal stripping. By contrast, isolated dwarf galaxies are less affected by these processes, and almost always have enough 21cm emission to trace their dynamics robustly. Here, we test cold dark matter cosmology using isolated low mass dwarf galaxies from the SDSS with measured 21cm widths. We find consistency between the predicted and observed number density of isolated galaxies down to circular velocities of 50 km/s. Our technique yields a direct test of small-scale cosmology independent of the Lyman-alpha forest power spectrum, but our sample is currently statistically less powerful: warm dark matter particles heavier than 0.5 keV cannot be ruled out. Our major systematic uncertainty is the surface brightness limit of the SDSS. Blind HI surveys, such as the ALFALFA survey on Arecibo, will uncover a larger number of isolated low mass galaxies and increase the power of our constraints. With our sample, we also find that the Tully-Fisher relation for dwarf galaxies is a strong function of environment, and that the baryonic fraction is only a weak function of mass. These results suggest that for dwarf galaxies, gas loss is dominated by external, not internal, processes. [abridged]
description: submitted to ApJ
Strangulation in Galaxy Groups
Creators: name: Kawata, Daisuke
name: Mulchaey, John S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a cosmological chemodynamical simulation to study how the group environment impacts the star formation properties of disk galaxies. The simulated group has a total mass of M~8x10^12 Msun and a total X-ray luminosity of L_X~10^41 erg s^-1. Our simulation suggests that ram pressure is not sufficient in this group to remove the cold disk gas from a V_rot~150 km s^-1 galaxy. However, the majority of the hot gas in the galaxy is stripped over a timescale of approximately 1 Gyr. Since the cooling of the hot gas component provides a source for new cold gas, the stripping of the hot component effectively cuts off the supply of cold gas. This in turn leads to a quenching of star formation. The galaxy maintains the disk component after the cold gas is consumed, which may lead to a galaxy similar to an S0. Our self-consistent simulation suggests that this strangulation mechanism works even in low mass groups, providing an explanation for the lower star formation rates in group galaxies relative to galaxies in the field.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, ApJL in press
LANGUAGE LEARNING IN THE AGE OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Creators: name: Nematullaeva, Muslimakhon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The widespread use of social media today has significantly influenced its integration into language learning. Given this development, research is necessary to explore both the advantages and challenges associated with incorporating social media into language education. The findings highlight that social media offers numerous benefits for language learners, such as improving reading, writing, vocabulary acquisition, and boosting students’ motivation. The research elaborates on these advantages in detail. This study is devoted to highlighting the growing role of technology in education and opens the door for further advancements in using social media for language learning in the future.
Open systems interconnection passive monitor OSI-PM
Creators: name: Lo, Jeffrey Kin Hung
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The Open Systems Interconnection Passive Monitor (OSI-PM), which is based on the principles of the OSI-Reference Model (OSI-RM), provides a framework for the development of multi-layer passive monitoring and testing. It adopts the same seven-layer architecture of the OSI-RM and provides the capability of selectively displaying, capturing, and analyzing the protocol events on single or multiple connections for any subset or all of the seven layers. Different from conventional monitors, the OSI-PM is able to detect protocol violation as they occur in addition to the monitoring functions. The current OSI-PM is able to monitor and test up to the transport layer of the OSI-RM. This thesis discusses the design, prototype implementation and testing of the OSI-PM.
The Complexity of Weighted Boolean #CSP
Creators: name: Dyer, Martin
name: Goldberg, Leslie Ann
name: Jerrum, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2; F.4.1; G.2.1

description: This paper gives a dichotomy theorem for the complexity of computing the partition function of an instance of a weighted Boolean constraint satisfaction problem. The problem is parameterised by a finite set F of non-negative functions that may be used to assign weights to the configurations (feasible solutions) of a problem instance. Classical constraint satisfaction problems correspond to the special case of 0,1-valued functions. We show that the partition function, i.e. the sum of the weights of all configurations, can be computed in polynomial time if either (1) every function in F is of ``product type'', or (2) every function in F is ``pure affine''. For every other fixed set F, computing the partition function is FP^{#P}-complete.
description: Minor revision
Protocol test sequence generation and analysis using AI techniques
Creators: name: Ko, Kai-Chung
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This thesis addresses two major issues in protocol conformance testing: test sequence generation and test result analysis. For test sequence generation, a new approach based on the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) techniques, which is widely used in the AI community, is presented. This method constructs a unique test sequence for a given FSM by using an initial test sequence, such as a transition tour or an UIO test sequence, and incrementally generating a set of test subsequences which together represent the constraints imposed on the overall structure of the FSM. The new method not only generates test sequence with fault coverage which is at least as good as the one provided by the existing methods, but also allows the implementation under test (IUT) to have a larger number of states than that in the specification. In addition, the new method also lends itself naturally to both test result analysis and fault coverage measurement. For test result analysis, the CSP method uses the observed sequence as the initial sequence, constructs all fault models which satisfy the initial sequence and introduces additional subsequences to pinpoint the IUT fault model. In addition, a second method for test result analysis is proposed, which is originated from a model of diagnostic reasoning from first principle, another well-known AI techniques which produces all minimal diagnoses by considering the overall consistency of the system together with the observation. Unlike the first method, the second method does not require the computation of all fault models explicitly, and hence is considered to be more suitable for large systems. To our knowledge, the proposed methods in this thesis represent the first attempt in applying AI techniques to the problem of protocol test sequence generation and analysis.
Blow-up of the hyperbolic Burgers equation
Creators: name: Escudero, Carlos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The memory effects on microscopic kinetic systems have been sometimes modelled by means of the introduction of second order time derivatives in the macroscopic hydrodynamic equations. One prototypical example is the hyperbolic modification of the Burgers equation, that has been introduced to clarify the interplay of hyperbolicity and nonlinear hydrodynamic evolution. Previous studies suggested the finite time blow-up of this equation, and here we present a rigorous proof of this fact.
Opening the Blackbox: Accelerating Neural Differential Equations by Regularizing Internal Solver Heuristics
Creators: name: Pal, Avik
name: Ma, Yingbo
name: Shah, Viral
name: Rackauckas, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Democratization of machine learning requires architectures that automatically adapt to new problems. Neural Differential Equations (NDEs) have emerged as a popular modeling framework by removing the need for ML practitioners to choose the number of layers in a recurrent model. While we can control the computational cost by choosing the number of layers in standard architectures, in NDEs the number of neural network evaluations for a forward pass can depend on the number of steps of the adaptive ODE solver. But, can we force the NDE to learn the version with the least steps while not increasing the training cost? Current strategies to overcome slow prediction require high order automatic differentiation, leading to significantly higher training time. We describe a novel regularization method that uses the internal cost heuristics of adaptive differential equation solvers combined with discrete adjoint sensitivities to guide the training process towards learning NDEs that are easier to solve. This approach opens up the blackbox numerical analysis behind the differential equation solver's algorithm and directly uses its local error estimates and stiffness heuristics as cheap and accurate cost estimates. We incorporate our method without any change in the underlying NDE framework and show that our method extends beyond Ordinary Differential Equations to accommodate Neural Stochastic Differential Equations. We demonstrate how our approach can halve the prediction time and, unlike other methods which can increase the training time by an order of magnitude, we demonstrate similar reduction in training times. Together this showcases how the knowledge embedded within state-of-the-art equation solvers can be used to enhance machine learning.
description: Proceedings of the 38 th International Conference on Machine Learning, 2021
Electro-Optic Search for Critical Divergence of the Charge-Density-Wave Diffusion Constant at the Onset of Depinning
Creators: name: Ladino, L.
name: Bittle, E. G.
name: Uddin, M.
name: Brill, J. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used electro-reflectance measurements to study charge-density-wave (CDW) polarization dynamics at voltages near the CDW depinning onset (Von) in the quasi-one-dimensional conductor K0.3MoO3 ("blue bronze"). For low voltages, where the phase-slip rate is low, it is expected that the polarization relaxation time should be inversely proportional to the CDW diffusion constant, which is expected to diverge at Von. At T=78 K, we observe saturation of the relaxation time at low voltages, suggesting that we are in the low phase-slip limit and allowing us to estimate the non-critical value of the CDW diffusion constant D=0.02cm2/s, consistent with the measured phason velocity. At other temperatures, the relaxation time increases with decreasing volage even at the lowest voltages we could measure. In no case do we observe the expected "critical speeding up", setting an upper limit on the critical region of (V/Von -1)crit < 0.06.
description: 9 pages, including 3 figures, submitted to Physical Review B
Fundamental Superstrings as Holograms
Creators: name: Dabholkar, Atish
name: Murthy, Sameer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The worldsheet of a macroscopic fundamental superstring in the Green-Schwarz light-cone gauge is viewed as a possible boundary hologram of the near horizon region of a small black string. For toroidally compactified strings, the hologram has global symmetries of AdS_3 \times S^{d-1} \times T^{8-d}, (d =3,..,8), only some of which extend to local conformal symmetries. We construct the bulk string theory in detail for the particular case of d=3. The symmetries of the hologram are correctly reproduced from this exact worldsheet description in the bulk. Moreover, the central charge of the boundary Virasoro algebra obtained from the bulk agrees with the Wald entropy of the associated small black holes. This construction provides an exact CFT description of the near horizon region of small black holes both in Type-II and heterotic string theory arising from multiply wound fundamental superstrings.
description: 46 pages, JHEP style. v2: Comments, references added
Nuclear p_t broadening at HERMES
Creators: name: Van Haarlem, Yves
name: Jgoun, Anton
name: Di Nezza, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first direct measurement of p_t-broadening effects in cold nuclear matter has been studied as a function of several kinematic variables for different hadron types. The data have been accumulated by the HERMES experiment at DESY, in which the HERA 27.6 GeV lepton beam scattered off several nuclear gas targets.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to DIS 2007 proceedings
Localized states at zigzag edges of bilayer graphene
Creators: name: Castro, Eduardo V.
name: Peres, N. M. R.
name: Santos, J. M. B. Lopes dos
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the existence of zero energy surface states localized at zigzag edges of bilayer graphene. Working within the tight-binding approximation we derive the analytic solution for the wavefunctions of these peculiar surface states. It is shown that zero energy edge states in bilayer graphene can be divided into two families: (i) states living only on a single plane, equivalent to surface states in monolayer graphene; (ii) states with finite amplitude over the two layers, with an enhanced penetration into the bulk. The bulk and surface (edge) electronic structure of bilayer graphene nanoribbons is also studied, both in the absence and in the presence of a bias voltage between planes.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures
Shear-strain-induced Spatially Varying Super-lattice Structures on Graphite studied by STM
Creators: name: Choudhary, S. K.
name: Gupta, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) observation of linear fringes together with spatially varying super-lattice structures on (0001) graphite (HOPG) surface. The structure, present in a region of a layer bounded by two straight carbon fibers, varies from a hexagonal lattice of 6nm periodicity to nearly a square lattice of 13nm periodicity. It then changes into a one-dimensional (1-D) fringe-like pattern before relaxing into a pattern-free region. We attribute this surface structure to a shear strain giving rise to a spatially varying rotation of the affected graphite layer relative to the bulk substrate. We propose a simple method to understand these moire patterns by looking at the fixed and rotated lattices in the Fourier transformed k-space. Using this approach we can reproduce the spatially varying 2-D lattice as well as the 1-D fringes by simulation. The 1-D fringes are found to result from a particular spatial dependence of the rotation angle.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures
Sample-efficient device-independent quantum state verification and certification
Creators: name: Gočanin, Aleksandra
name: Šupić, Ivan
name: Dakić, Borivoje
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Authentication of quantum sources is a crucial task in building reliable and efficient protocols for quantum-information processing. Steady progress vis-à-vis verification of quantum devices in the scenario with fully characterized measurement devices has been observed in recent years. When it comes to the scenario with uncharacterized measurements, the so-called black-box scenario, practical verification methods are still rather scarce. Development of self-testing methods is an important step forward, but these results so far have been used for reliable verification only by considering the asymptotic behavior of large, identically and independently distributed (IID) samples of a quantum resource. Such strong assumptions deprive the verification procedure of its truly device-independent character. In this paper, we develop a systematic approach to device-independent verification of quantum states free of IID assumptions in the finite copy regime. Remarkably, we show that device-independent verification can be performed with optimal sample efficiency. Finally, for the case of independent copies, we develop a device-independent protocol for quantum state certification: a protocol in which a fragment of the resource copies is measured to warrant the rest of the copies to be close to some target state.
description: Ver. 3: Very close to the published version of the paper
Relative orbifold Pandharipande-Thomas theory and the degeneration formula
Creators: name: Lin, Yijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N35 (Primary) 14D22, 14D23 (Secondary)

description: We construct relative moduli spaces of semistable pairs on a family of projective Deligne-Mumford stacks. We define moduli stacks of stable orbifold Pandharipande-Thomas pairs on stacks of expanded degenerations and pairs, and then show they are separated and proper Deligne-Mumford stacks of finite type. As an application, we present the degeneration formula for the absolute and relative orbifold Pandharipande-Thomas invariants.
ДИНИЙ ЭКСТРЕМИЗМГА  ҚАРШИ КУРАШНИНГ СТРАТЕТИК МУАММОЛАРИ
Creators: name: Насриева, Дилноза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Мазкур мақолада диний экстремизмга  қарши курашнинг стратетик муаммолари билан боғлиқ масалалар таҳлил этилган. Шунингдек, мақолада жамиятимиздаги диний экстремизм ва терроризмнинг салбий  ҳолатлари ва унинг олдини олишда стратегик муаммоларни ҳал этиш масалалари ҳам ўрганилган.
Second discontinuity in the specific heat of two-phase superconductors
Creators: name: Di Grezia, E.
name: Esposito, S.
name: Salesi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently proposed theoretical model of superconductors endowed with two distinct superconducting phases and critical temperatures is further analyzed by introducing two distinct order parameters, described by two scalar fields which condensate at different temperatures. We find some deviations in basic thermodynamical quantities with respect to the Ginzburg-Landau one-phase superconductors. In particular, by contrast to the usual case where only one jump in specific heat takes place at the normal-superconductor transition temperature, we actually predict an additional discontinuity for C_V when passing from a superconducting phase to the other one.
description: revtex, 4 pages, 1 figure
One-way quantum computing in optical lattices with many atom addressing
Creators: name: Friesen, Timothy P.
name: Feder, David L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the fundamental conditions for one-way quantum computation (1WQC) is the ability to make sequential measurements on isolated qubits that comprise the highly entangled resource for 1WQC, the cluster state. This has been a significant impediment in the implementation of 1WQC with ultracold atoms confined in optical lattices, because the width of the measuring lasers is generally much greater than the atomic (qubit) spacing. We demonstrate that deterministic 1WQC is nevertheless possible, with a polynomial increase in the number of operations, as long as the center of the beams can be positioned with high accuracy. Extending the number of cluster atoms, the scheme is also able to compensate for accidental measurements of an arbitrary number of nearby qubits.
description: 11 pages, revtex
Analytical solution of stochastic resonance in the nonadiabatic regime
Creators: name: Moon, W.
name: Giorgini, L. T.
name: Wettlaufer, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We generalize stochastic resonance to the nonadiabatic limit by treating the double-well potential using two quadratic potentials. We use a singular perturbation method to determine an approximate analytical solution for the probability density function that asymptotically connects local solutions in boundary layers near the two minima with those in the region of the maximum that separates them. The validity of the analytical solution is confirmed numerically. Free from the constraints of the adiabatic limit, the approach allows us to predict the escape rate from one stable basin to another for systems experiencing a more complex periodic forcing.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Efficient model chemistries for peptides. I. Split-valence Gaussian basis sets and the heterolevel approximation in RHF and MP2
Creators: name: Echenique, Pablo
name: Alonso, J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an exhaustive study of more than 250 ab initio potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the model dipeptide HCO-L-Ala-NH2. The model chemistries (MCs) used are constructed as homo- and heterolevels involving possibly different RHF and MP2 calculations for the geometry and the energy. The basis sets used belong to a sample of 39 selected representants from Pople's split-valence families, ranging from the small 3-21G to the large 6-311++G(2df,2pd). The reference PES to which the rest are compared is the MP2/6-311++G(2df,2pd) homolevel, which, as far as we are aware, is the more accurate PES of a dipeptide in the literature. The aim of the study presented is twofold: On the one hand, the evaluation of the influence of polarization and diffuse functions in the basis set, distinguishing between those placed at 1st-row atoms and those placed at hydrogens, as well as the effect of different contraction and valence splitting schemes. On the other hand, the investigation of the heterolevel assumption, which is defined here to be that which states that heterolevel MCs are more efficient than homolevel MCs. The heterolevel approximation is very commonly used in the literature, but it is seldom checked. As far as we know, the only tests for peptides or related systems, have been performed using a small number of conformers, and this is the first time that this potentially very economical approximation is tested in full PESs. In order to achieve these goals, all data sets have been compared and analyzed in a way which captures the nearness concept in the space of MCs.
description: 54 pages, 16 figures, LaTeX, AMSTeX, Submitted to J. Comp. Chem
Empowering Prosumer Communities in Smart Grid with Wireless Communications and Federated Edge Learning
Creators: name: Taik, Afaf
name: Nour, Boubakr
name: Cherkaoui, Soumaya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The exponential growth of distributed energy resources is enabling the transformation of traditional consumers in the smart grid into prosumers. Such transition presents a promising opportunity for sustainable energy trading. Yet, the integration of prosumers in the energy market imposes new considerations in designing unified and sustainable frameworks for efficient use of the power and communication infrastructure. Furthermore, several issues need to be tackled to adequately promote the adoption of decentralized renewable-oriented systems, such as communication overhead, data privacy, scalability, and sustainability. In this article, we present the different aspects and challenges to be addressed for building efficient energy trading markets in relation to communication and smart decision-making. Accordingly, we propose a multi-level pro-decision framework for prosumer communities to achieve collective goals. Since the individual decisions of prosumers are mainly driven by individual self-sufficiency goals, the framework prioritizes the individual prosumers' decisions and relies on the 5G wireless network for fast coordination among community members. In fact, each prosumer predicts energy production and consumption to make proactive trading decisions as a response to collective-level requests. Moreover, the collaboration of the community is further extended by including the collaborative training of prediction models using Federated Learning, assisted by edge servers and prosumer home-area equipment. In addition to preserving prosumers' privacy, we show through evaluations that training prediction models using Federated Learning yields high accuracy for different energy resources while reducing the communication overhead.
Study of the spin-$\frac32$ Hubbard-Kondo lattice model by means of the Composite Operator Method
Creators: name: Avella, Adolfo
name: Mancini, Ferdinando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the spin-$\frac32$ Hubbard-Kondo lattice model by means of the Composite Operator Method, after applying a Holstein-Primakov transformation. The spin and particle dynamics in the ferromagnetic state are calculated by taking into account strong on-site correlations between electrons and antiferromagnetic exchange among $\frac32$ spins, together with usual Hund coupling between electrons and spins.
IPS/Zeta Correspondence
Creators: name: Komatsu, Takashi
name: Konno, Norio
name: Sato, Iwao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Our previous works presented zeta functions by the Konno-Sato theorem or the Fourier analysis for one-particle models including random walks, correlated random walks, quantum walks, and open quantum random walks. This paper introduces a new zeta function for multi-particle models with probabilistic or quantum interactions, called the interacting particle system (IPS). We compute the zeta function for some tensor-type IPSs.
description: 19 pages
ЭКСТРЕМИЗМ  ТУШУНЧАСИГА ДОИР НАЗАРИЙ ВА ИЛМИЙ ҚАРАШЛАР
Creators: name: Насриева, Дилноза
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Мазкур мақолада экстремизм  тушунчасига доир назарий ва илмий қарашлар билан боғлиқ масалалар таҳлил этилган. Шунингдек, мақолада жамиятимиздаги диний экстремизм ва терроризмнинг салбий  ҳолатлари ва унинг олдини олишда стратегик муаммоларни ҳал этиш масалалари ҳам ўрганилган.
Existence and Number of Solutions of Diophantine Quadratic Equations with Two Unknowns in $Z$ and $N$
Creators: name: Smarandache, Florentin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11D45

description: In this short note we study the existence and number of solutions in the set of integers ($Z$) and in the set of natural numbers ($N$) of Diopahntine Equations of second degree with two variables of the general form $ax^2-by^2=c$.
description: 2 pages
The generation of phrase-structure representations from principles
Creators: name: LeBlanc, David C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Implementations of grammatical theory have traditionally been based upon Context- Free Grammar (CFG) formalisms which all but ignore questions of learnability. Even implementations which are based upon theories of Generative Grammar (GG), a paradigm which is supposedly motivated by learnability, rarely address such questions. In this thesis we will examine a GG theory which has been formulated primarily to address questions of learnability and present an implementation based upon this theory. The theory argues from Chomsky's definition of epistemological priority that principles which match elements and structures from prelinguistic systems with elements and structures in linguistic systems are preferable to those which are defined purely linguistically or non-linguistically. A procedure for constructing phrase-structure representations from prelinguistic relations using principles of node percolation (rather than the traditional X-theory of GG theories or phrase-structure rules of CFG theories) is presented and this procedure integrated into a left-right, primarily bottom-up parsing mechanism. Specifically, we present a parsing mechanism which derives phrase-structure representations of sentences from Case- and 0-relations using a small number of Percolation Principles. These Percolation Principles simply determine the categorial features of the dominant node of any two adjacent nodes in a representational tree, doing away with explicit phrase structure rules altogether. The parsing mechanism also instantiates appropriate empty categories using a filler-driven paradigm for leftward argument and non-argument movement. Procedures modelling learnability are not implemented in this work, but the applicability of the presented model to a computational model of language is discussed.