cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Domains
Creators: name: Harland, Derek
name: Palmer, Sam
name: Saemann, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently a Nahm transform has been discovered for magnetic bags, which are conjectured to arise in the large n limit of magnetic monopoles with charge n. We interpret these ideas using string theory and present some partial proofs of this conjecture. We then extend the notion of bags and their Nahm transform to higher gauge theories and arbitrary domains. Bags in four dimensions conjecturally describe the large n limit of n self-dual strings. We show that the corresponding Basu-Harvey equation is the large n limit of an equation describing n M2-branes, and that it has a natural interpretation in loop space. We also formulate our Nahm equations using strong homotopy Lie algebras.
description: 42 pages, minor improvements, published version
Investigating the Role of BTK in Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis and its Animal Models
Creators: name: Li, Cenxiao
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: multiple sclerosis
subject: Bruton’s tyrosine kinase
subject: neuroinflammation
subject: microglia
subject: animal models
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by demyelination, immune cell infiltration and neurodegeneration. A class of drugs, Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors are currently undergoing phase III clinical trials for the treatment of MS. BTK inhibitors primarily target the activity of B cells, but BTK activation is also downstream of pro-inflammatory signalling pathways in CNS myeloid cells, microglia, and macrophages. Existing research into the role of BTK signalling in microglia and macrophages is cursory, and the connection between BTK expression and pro-inflammatory activities remains to be elucidated. In this thesis, the expression of BTK was evaluated in the CNS tissue of MS and its rodent models, and the effect of BTK inhibition in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model and on microglia in a co-culture system was investigated. In MS brain samples, we observed the expression of BTK and (the active form) pBTK in areas with a high immunoreactivity of Iba1+ microglia/macrophages. In three animal models of MS, BTK and pBTK were observed to be upregulated in the spinal cord lesions, but only pBTK expression was downregulated at later time points. Lineage tracing of CNS macrophages revealed that both microglia and macrophages express BTK and pBTK without a preference by either cell type. Treatment of MOG¬35-55 EAE mice with the BTK inhibitor GDC-0853 initiated from EAE induction day showed significant reduction in the clinical and histological pathologies. However, drug administration from clinical onset only showed marginal reductions in overall clinical signs, and immunofluorescent analyses of the spinal cord lesions did not show detectable differences in the expression of myeloid, myelin and axonal markers. In vitro, stimulation of neuron-microglia co-culture with IFN-γ and LPS resulted in robust neuronal death and elevated secretion of TNF-α, which were not attenuated with the addition of GDC-0853. Drug treatment of microglia activated with iLPS did not show reduced expression of pBTK. These results suggest that BTK inhibition may effectively reduce disease pathophysiology if treatment is initiated early, but its capacity to directly modulate microglial activities remains to be established.
The effects of disorder in dimerized quantum magnets in mean field approximations
Creators: name: Rakhimov, Abdulla
name: Mardonov, Shuhrat
name: Sherman, E. Ya.
name: Schilling, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study theoretically the effects of disorder on Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) of bosonic triplon quasiparticles in doped dimerized quantum magnets. The condensation occurs in a strong enough magnetic field Hc, where the concentration of bosons in the random potential is sufficient to form the condensate. The effect of doping is partly modeled by delta - correlated disorder potential, which (i) leads to the uniform renormalization of the system parameters and (ii) produces disorder in the system with renormalized parameters. These approaches can explain qualitatively the available magnetization data in the Tl_(1-x)K_(x)CuCl_3 compound taken as an example. In addition to the magnetization, we found that the speed of the Bogoliubov mode has a peak as a function of doping parameter, x. No evidence of the pure Bose glass phase has been obtained in the BEC regime.
description: Includes 19 pages, 5 figures
title: Dual-normal logic programs
title: the forgotten class
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Fichte, Johannes K.
name: Truszczynski, Miroslaw
name: Woltran, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Disjunctive Answer Set Programming is a powerful declarative programming paradigm with complexity beyond NP. Identifying classes of programs for which the consistency problem is in NP is of interest from the theoretical standpoint and can potentially lead to improvements in the design of answer set programming solvers. One of such classes consists of dual-normal programs, where the number of positive body atoms in proper rules is at most one. Unlike other classes of programs, dual-normal programs have received little attention so far. In this paper we study this class. We relate dual-normal programs to propositional theories and to normal programs by presenting several inter-translations. With the translation from dual-normal to normal programs at hand, we introduce the novel class of body-cycle free programs, which are in many respects dual to head-cycle free programs. We establish the expressive power of dual-normal programs in terms of SE- and UE-models, and compare them to normal programs. We also discuss the complexity of deciding whether dual-normal programs are strongly and uniformly equivalent.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 585
Optical parametric oscillation with distributed feedback in cold atoms
Creators: name: Schilke, Alexander
name: Zimmermann, Claus
name: Courteille, Philippe W.
name: Guerin, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is currently a strong interest in mirrorless lasing systems, in which the electromagnetic feedback is provided either by disorder (multiple scattering in the gain medium) or by order (multiple Bragg reflection). These mechanisms correspond, respectively, to random lasers and photonic crystal lasers. The crossover regime between order and disorder, or correlated disorder, has also been investigated with some success. Here, we report one-dimensional photonic-crystal lasing (that is, distributed feedback lasing) with a cold atom cloud that simultaneously provides both gain and feedback. The atoms are trapped in a one-dimensional lattice, producing a density modulation that creates a strong Bragg reflection with a small angle of incidence. Pumping the atoms with auxiliary beams induces four-wave mixing, which provides parametric gain. The combination of both ingredients generates a mirrorless parametric oscillation with a conical output emission, the apex angle of which is tunable with the lattice periodicity.
Particle-resolved simulation of antidunes in free-surface flows
Creators: name: Schwarzmeier, Christoph
name: Rettinger, Christoph
name: Kemmler, Samuel
name: Plewinski, Jonas
name: Núñez-González, Francisco
name: Köstler, Harald
name: Rüde, Ulrich
name: Vowinckel, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interaction of supercritical turbulent flows with granular sediment beds is challenging to study both experimentally and numerically; this challenging task has hampered the advances in understanding antidunes, the most characteristic bedform of supercritical flows. This article presents the first numerical attempt to simulate upstream-migrating antidunes with geometrically resolved particles and a liquid-gas interface. Our simulations provide data at a resolution higher than laboratory experiments, and they can therefore provide new insights into the mechanisms of antidune migration and contribute to a deeper understanding of the underlying physics. To manage the simulations' computational costs and physical complexity, we employ the cumulant lattice Boltzmann method in conjunction with a discrete element method for particle interactions, as well as a volume of fluid scheme to track the deformable free surface of the fluid. By reproducing two flow configurations of previous experiments (Pascal et al., Earth Surf. Proc. Land., vol. 46(9), 2021, 1750-1765), we demonstrate that our approach is robust and accurately predicts the antidunes' amplitude, wavelength, and celerity. Furthermore, the simulated wall-shear stress, a key parameter governing sediment transport, is in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. The highly resolved data of fluid and particle motion from our simulation approach open new perspectives for detailed studies of morphodynamics in shallow supercritical flows.
BMSSM Higgses at 125 GeV
Creators: name: Boudjema, Fawzi
name: La Rochelle, Guillaume Drieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The BMSSM framework is an effective theory approach that encapsulates a variety of extensions beyond the MSSM with which it shares the same field content. The lightest Higgs mass can be much heavier than in the MSSM without creating a tension with naturalness or requiring superheavy stops. The phenomenology of the Higgs sector is at the same time much richer. We critically review the properties of a Higgs with mass around 125GeV in this model. In particular, we investigate how the rates in the important inclusive 2 photons channel, the 2 photons + 2 jets and the ZZ to 4 leptons (and/or WW) can be enhanced or reduced compared to the standard model and what kind of correlations between these rates are possible. We consider both a vanilla model where stops have moderate masses and do not mix and a model with large mixing and a light stop. We show that in both cases there are scenarios that lead to enhancements in these rates at a mass of 125GeV corresponding either to the lightest Higgs or the heaviest CP-even Higgs of the model. In all of these scenarios we study the prospects of finding other signatures either of the 125GeV Higgs or those of the heavier Higgses. In most cases the $\ooττ$ channels are the most promising. Exclusion limits from the recent LHC Higgs searches are folded in our analyses while the tantalising hints for a Higgs signal at 125GeV are used as an example of how to constrain the BMSSM and/or direct future searches.
description: 21 p v1 Tevatron result added in addendum, typos
Noctuinae Latreille 1809
Creators: name: Tang, Jin
name: Zhang, Gongaote
name: Guo, Junqi
name: Luo, Lingxuan
name: Jiang, Jiamei
name: Pan, Hongbo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Noctuidae

description: Subfamily Noctuinae Latreille, 1809   Genus Dichagyris Lederer, 1857
 Dichagyris Lederer, 1857: 206.
description: Published as part of Tang, Jin, Zhang, Gongaote, Guo, Junqi, Luo, Lingxuan, Jiang, Jiamei & Pan, Hongbo, 2023, Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group, pp. 265-301 in Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 69 (3) on page 267, DOI: 10.17109/AZH.69.3.265.2023http://zoobank.org/9C2F726C-ECC7-43C4-8DA9-68683652C62D, http://zenodo.org/record/10272211
title: Continuous treatment with antidementia drugs in Germany 2003–2013
title: a retrospective database analysis
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Bohlken, Jens
name: Weber, Simon
name: Rapp, Michael Armin
name: Kostev, Karel
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Continuous treatment is an important indicator of medication adherence in dementia. However, long-term studies in larger clinical settings are lacking, and little is known about moderating effects of patient and service characteristics.

Methods: Data from 12,910 outpatients with dementia (mean age 79.2 years; SD = 7.6 years) treated between January 2003 and December 2013 in Germany were included. Continuous treatment was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests. In addition, multivariate Cox regression models were fitted with continuous treatment as dependent variable and the predictors antidementia agent, age, gender, medical comorbidities, physician specialty, and health insurance status.

Results: After one year of follow-up, nearly 60% of patients continued drug treatment. Donezepil (HR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82-0.95) and memantine (HR: 0.85; 0.79-0.91) patients were less likely to be discontinued treatment as compared to rivastigmine users. Patients were less likely to be discontinued if they were treated by specialist physicians as compared to general practitioners (HR: 0.44; 0.41-0.48). Younger male patients and patients who had private health insurance had a lower discontinuation risk. Regarding comorbidity, patients were more likely to be continuously treated with the index substance if a diagnosis of heart failure or hypertension had been diagnosed at baseline.

Conclusions: Our results imply that besides type of antidementia agent, involvement of a specialist in the complex process of prescribing antidementia drugs can provide meaningful benefits to patients, in terms of more disease-specific and continuous treatment.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe, 522
Multilingual Schema Matching for Wikipedia Infoboxes
Creators: name: Nguyen, Thanh
name: Moreira, Viviane
name: Nguyen, Huong
name: Nguyen, Hoa
name: Freire, Juliana
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent research has taken advantage of Wikipedia's multilingualism as a resource for cross-language information retrieval and machine translation, as well as proposed techniques for enriching its cross-language structure. The availability of documents in multiple languages also opens up new opportunities for querying structured Wikipedia content, and in particular, to enable answers that straddle different languages. As a step towards supporting such queries, in this paper, we propose a method for identifying mappings between attributes from infoboxes that come from pages in different languages. Our approach finds mappings in a completely automated fashion. Because it does not require training data, it is scalable: not only can it be used to find mappings between many language pairs, but it is also effective for languages that are under-represented and lack sufficient training samples. Another important benefit of our approach is that it does not depend on syntactic similarity between attribute names, and thus, it can be applied to language pairs that have distinct morphologies. We have performed an extensive experimental evaluation using a corpus consisting of pages in Portuguese, Vietnamese, and English. The results show that not only does our approach obtain high precision and recall, but it also outperforms state-of-the-art techniques. We also present a case study which demonstrates that the multilingual mappings we derive lead to substantial improvements in answer quality and coverage for structured queries over Wikipedia content.
description: VLDB2012
Four Jets as a Probe of O(100 GeV) Physics beyond Standard Model at Hadron Colliders
Creators: name: Wang, Xiao-ping
name: Xu, Jia
name: Zhu, Shou-hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: O(100 GeV) physics beyond the standard model (BSM) could be overlooked provided that it is hidden in the untouched Higgs sector or jets. The top quark forward-backward asymmetry measurements and di-jet bump, which is observed in the associated production with charged lepton plus missing energy (supposed arising from W decay), may indicate the existence of a new color-octet axial-vector Z_C with a mass about 145 GeV. Here Z_C only decays into two jets. In this paper we investigated the possibility to discover Z_C pair via analyzing the four jets as the final states, which are heavily polluted by huge QCD background. Our simulation showed that, however, both Tevatron and LHC have the excellent chance to discover Z_C through analyzing the four jets events in the current accumulated data.
description: 15 pages, 11figures and 2 tables
The Clinical Utility of a Computerized Cognitive Assessment to Predict Incident Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Creators: name: Docteur, Natalia Gabriela
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computerized cognitive assessment
subject: Computerized neuropsychological assessment device
subject: Dementia
subject: Mild cognitive impairment
subject: amyloid beta
subject: Psychology--Clinical
subject: Psychology--Cognitive
subject: Psychometrics
subject: Mental Health

description: Detecting the initial signs of neurodegeneration is integral for early diagnosis and intervention. Computerized cognitive assessments are accessible, efficient, and precise tools for identifying cognitive impairment and risk of neurodegeneration. While computerized instruments can be feasibly administered repeatedly for longitudinal cognitive monitoring, their clinical utility compared to conventional paper-and-pencil tools is yet unknown. The present study examined the utility of a computerized task, the One Card Learning (OCL) test, to detect conversion to dementia and associate with amyloid (Aβ) imaging markers using single and repeated test administration compared to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). The primary and secondary outcomes were conversion from cognitively normal (CN) to amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD) over a four-year study period and positron emission tomography estimates of Aβ, respectively. Data were collected from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 3 longitudinal cohort study. Participants were older adults aged 56 to 98 years who were CN at baseline. Results showed that the OCL did not better predict conversion to aMCI or AD from cognitive health compared to the MoCA or RAVLT when assessed at baseline or over repeated administrations. Unadjusted baseline OCL performance associated with Aβ status comparably to the MoCA and RAVLT. While repeated MoCA scores provided the strongest estimate of Aβ accumulation, OCL score trajectories uniquely detected diminished practice effects associated with pathological Aβ accumulation. The OCL may offer distinct clinical utility to detect preclinical AD biomarker accumulation. Future research is needed to examine the application of computerized assessments before they are fully integrated into clinical practice.
Measuring and Analyzing Effects of HEMP Simulation on Synthetic Power Grids
Creators: name: May, Carson L.
name: Barnes, Arthur K.
name: Tabarez, Jose E.
name: Mate, Adam
name: Nelson, Eric M.
name: Guttromson, Ross
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: There is significant uncertainty about the potential effects of a high-altitude electromagnetic pulse (HEMP) detonation on the bulk electric system. This study attempts to account for such uncertainty, in using Monte-Carlo methods to account for speculated range of effect of HEMP contingency. Through task parallelism and asynchronous processing techniques implemented throughout simulation, this study measure the effects of 700 large-scale HEMP simulations on a 7173 bus synthetic power grid. Analysis explores how contingency severity varies, depending on initial contingency parameters. Severity indices were captured throughout simulation to measure and quantify the cascading nature of an HEMP event. Further development of HEMP simulation modeling is explored as well, which could augment forecasts of potential contingency events as well.
description: 6 pages. 13 figures
Additional file 2: of Association of prenatal and childhood environment smoking exposure with puberty timing: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Chen, Yiwen
name: Liu, Qin
name: Li, Wenyan
name: Deng, Xu
name: Yang, Bo
name: Huang, Xin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Figure S2. Forest plot of dividing PTS group by the definition of early menarche. (DOC 69Â kb)
title: aspeed
title: solver scheduling via answer set programming
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Hoos, Holger
name: Kaminski, Roland
name: Lindauer, Marius
name: Schaub, Torsten
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: Although Boolean Constraint Technology has made tremendous progress over the last decade, the efficacy of state-of-the-art solvers is known to vary considerably across different types of problem instances, and is known to depend strongly on algorithm parameters. This problem was addressed by means of a simple, yet effective approach using handmade, uniform, and unordered schedules of multiple solvers in ppfolio, which showed very impressive performance in the 2011 Satisfiability Testing (SAT) Competition. Inspired by this, we take advantage of the modeling and solving capacities of Answer Set Programming (ASP) to automatically determine more refined, that is, nonuniform and ordered solver schedules from the existing benchmarking data. We begin by formulating the determination of such schedules as multi-criteria optimization problems and provide corresponding ASP encodings. The resulting encodings are easily customizable for different settings, and the computation of optimum schedules can mostly be done in the blink of an eye, even when dealing with large runtime data sets stemming from many solvers on hundreds to thousands of instances. Also, the fact that our approach can be customized easily enabled us to swiftly adapt it to generate parallel schedules for multi-processor machines.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 588
The role of SH2-domain inositol 5' phosphatase in the inhibition of macrophage activation
Creators: name: Ming-Lum, Andrew N.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine essential for maintaining immune homeostasis. One of its major targets is the macrophage where it inhibits production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and other soluble mediators. However, the intracellular signaling mechanisms by which IL-10 achieves macrophage deactivation remain under intense investigation. Our studies suggest that in addition to canonical STAT3 signaling, IL-10 mediates its early phase anti-inflammatory response through SHIP1 in a STAT3-independent manner. Upon macrophage activation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide, the phosphoinositide 3′ kinase (PI-3 kinase) pathway is activated to produce cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). SHIP1 is a negative regulator of the PI-3 kinase pathway and its activation downstream of the IL-10 receptor suppresses PI-3 kinase-initiated signals that trigger transcriptional elongation of TNFα and other pro-inflammatory related genes. We next investigated whether SHIP1 activation could mimic the anti-inflammatory actions of IL-10. We screened for small-molecule activators of SHIP1 and isolated the meroterpenoid compound Pelorol. Pelorol and its derivatives specifically enhanced SHIP1’s phosphatase activity and thus suppressed inflammation in macrophage cultures, and in murine models of endotoxic shock, acute anaphylaxis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Closer examination of SHIP1’s enzyme kinetics indicated that SHIP1 is subject to allosteric activation by its product phosphatidylinositol-3,4-bisphosphate (PI-3,4-P₂). We subsequently identified a previously unrecognized C2 domain residing C-terminal of SHIP1’s phosphatase domain which is required for its allosteric activation and is the binding site for both PI-3,4-P₂ and the small-molecule SHIP1 agonists. Bioinformatic and structural analyses also revealed another previously unappreciated domain located N-terminal of SHIP1’s catalytic domain. Using NMR spectroscopy, we characterized this domain as having pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-like topology. We demonstrate that SHIP1’s PH-related (PH-R) domain participates in recruiting SHIP1 to the plasma membrane upon cell stimulation via direct interactions with phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate. The PH-R domain is essential for SHIP1 inhibition of FcR-dependent phagocytosis and represents another target to which to develop modulators of SHIP1 function. Together, this work suggests that IL-10 activation of SHIP1 is important in its inhibition of macrophage activation, and that mimicking IL-10 with small-molecule SHIP1 agonists could be an effective and viable approach to treating various inflammatory and autoimmune conditions.
title: Abstract gringo
Creators: name: Gebser, Martin
name: Harrison, Amelia
name: Kaminski, Roland
name: Lifschitz, Vladimir
name: Schaub, Torsten
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: This paper defines the syntax and semantics of the input language of the ASP grounder gringo. The definition covers several constructs that were not discussed in earlier work on the semantics of that language, including intervals, pools, division of integers, aggregates with non-numeric values, and lparse-style aggregate expressions. The definition is abstract in the sense that it disregards some details related to representing programs by strings of ASCII characters. It serves as a specification for gringo from Version 4.5 on.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 592
Exploring QSAR Models for Activity-Cliff Prediction
Creators: name: Dablander, Markus
name: Hanser, Thierry
name: Lambiotte, Renaud
name: Morris, Garrett M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Biomolecules (q-bio.BM)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Pairs of similar compounds that only differ by a small structural modification but exhibit a large difference in their binding affinity for a given target are known as activity cliffs (ACs). It has been hypothesised that quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models struggle to predict ACs and that ACs thus form a major source of prediction error. However, a study to explore the AC-prediction power of modern QSAR methods and its relationship to general QSAR-prediction performance is lacking. We systematically construct nine distinct QSAR models by combining three molecular representation methods (extended-connectivity fingerprints, physicochemical-descriptor vectors and graph isomorphism networks) with three regression techniques (random forests, k-nearest neighbours and multilayer perceptrons); we then use each resulting model to classify pairs of similar compounds as ACs or non-ACs and to predict the activities of individual molecules in three case studies: dopamine receptor D2, factor Xa, and SARS-CoV-2 main protease. We observe low AC-sensitivity amongst the tested models when the activities of both compounds are unknown, but a substantial increase in AC-sensitivity when the actual activity of one of the compounds is given. Graph isomorphism features are found to be competitive with or superior to classical molecular representations for AC-classification and can thus be employed as baseline AC-prediction models or simple compound-optimisation tools. For general QSAR-prediction, however, extended-connectivity fingerprints still consistently deliver the best performance. Our results provide strong support for the hypothesis that indeed QSAR methods frequently fail to predict ACs. We propose twin-network training for deep learning models as a potential future pathway to increase AC-sensitivity and thus overall QSAR performance.
description: Submitted to Journal of Cheminformatics
Emergent bipartiteness in a society of knights and knaves
Creators: name: Del Genio, Charo I.
name: Gross, Thilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a simple model of a social network based on so-called knights-and-knaves puzzles. The model describes the formation of networks between two classes of agents where links are formed by agents introducing their neighbours to others of their own class. We show that if the proportion of knights and knaves is within a certain range, the network self-organizes to a perfectly bipartite state. However, if the excess of one of the two classes is greater than a threshold value, bipartiteness is not observed. We offer a detailed theoretical analysis for the behaviour of the model, investigate its behaviou r in the thermodynamic limit, and argue that it provides a simple example of a topology-driven model whose behaviour is strongly reminiscent of a first-order phase transitions far from equilibrium.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
The Experiences of Living with Multiple Myeloma and a Palliative Approach to Care
Creators: name: Weerahandi, Ambereen
Publisher: name: Nursing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Multiple Myeloma
subject: Palliative Care
subject: Nursing
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Oncology

description: Multiple myeloma is an incurable cancer of the plasma cells of the blood characterized by aggressive physical symptoms including bone damage, pain, renal impairment, and anemias. The average lifespan after receiving a diagnosis of multiple myeloma is approximately seven years. There are many treatments for this disease, but none provide a lasting cure. Of the available treatments, most are associated with severe and, often toxic, cumulative side effects. Individuals with multiple myeloma can experience both disease and treatment related suffering that often goes unacknowledged. A palliative approach to care has been demonstrated to alleviate suffering and can be used in conjunction in with curative therapy. Currently, a palliative approach is rarely utilized for these individuals. Presently, there is very little available literature from the perspective of patients living with multiple myeloma, and few on their experiences with a palliative approach to their care. Straussian Grounded Theory was used to explore a deeper understanding of the process individuals undergo living with multiple myeloma. Qualitative categories that emerged included: the perceived absence of a palliative approach to care, waiting for inevitable relapse, shifting one’s identity, increasing knowledge to gain control over health, struggling with symptom management, continual rebalancing, and dynamic supportive needs. The core category of ‘existing in the liminal space between living with and dying from multiple myeloma represented the overarching process of living with multiple myeloma. Gaining an understanding of this process will increase awareness of how a palliative approach to care can be utilized to help individuals living with multiple myeloma. Keywords: multiple myeloma, palliative care, qualitative research, grounded theory
title: "This migrants' babble is not a German dialect!"
title: the interaction of standard language ideology and 'us'/'them' dichotomies in the public discourse on a multiethnolect
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Wiese, Heike
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 400 Sprache

description: This article investigates a public debate in Germany that put a special spotlight on the interaction of standard language ideologies with social dichotomies, centering on the question of whether Kiezdeutsch, a new way of speaking in multilingual urban neighbourhoods, is a legitimate German dialect. Based on a corpus of emails and postings to media websites, I analyse central topoi in this debate and an underlying narrative on language and identity. Central elements of this narrative are claims of cultural elevation and cultural unity for an idealised standard language High German', a view of German dialects as part of a national folk culture, and the construction of an exclusive in-group of German' speakers who own this language and its dialects. The narrative provides a potent conceptual frame for the Othering of Kiezdeutsch and its speakers, and for the projection of social and sometimes racist deliminations onto the linguistic plane.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe, 157
Covert Communication in Autoencoder Wireless Systems
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Ali Teshnizi
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Wireless security
subject: Covert autoencoder systems
subject: Communication
subject: Wireless autoencoder systems
subject: Computer Science
subject: Artificial Intelligence

description: The broadcast nature of wireless communications presents security and privacy challenges. Covert communication is a wireless security practice that focuses on intentionally hiding transmitted information. Recently, wireless systems have experienced significant growth, including the emergence of autoencoder-based models. These models, like other DNN architectures, are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, highlighting the need to study their susceptibility to covert communication. While there is ample research on covert communication in traditional wireless systems, the investigation of autoencoder wireless systems remains scarce. Furthermore, many existing covert methods are either detectable analytically or difficult to adapt to diverse wireless systems. The first part of this thesis provides a comprehensive examination of autoencoder-based communication systems in various scenarios and channel conditions. It begins with an introduction to autoencoder communication systems, followed by a detailed discussion of our own implementation and evaluation results. This serves as a solid foundation for the subsequent part of the thesis, where we propose a GAN-based covert communication model. By treating the covert sender, covert receiver, and observer as generator, decoder, and discriminator neural networks, respectively, we conduct joint training in an adversarial setting to develop a covert communication scheme that can be integrated into any normal autoencoder. Our proposal minimizes the impact on ongoing normal communication, addressing previous works shortcomings. We also introduce a training algorithm that allows for the desired tradeoff between covertness and reliability. Numerical results demonstrate the establishment of a reliable and undetectable channel between covert users, regardless of the cover signal or channel condition, with minimal disruption to the normal system operation.
Additional file 1: of Rice UCL8, a plantacyanin gene targeted by miR408, regulates fertility by controlling pollen tube germination and growth
Creators: name: Zhang, Fan
name: Zhang, Yu-Chan
name: Zhang, Jin-Ping
name: Yu, Yang
name: Zhou, Yan-Fei
name: Feng, Yan-Zhao
name: Yang, Yu-Wei
name: Lei, Meng-Qi
name: He, Huang
name: Lian, Jian-Pin
name: Chen, Yue-Qin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Materials and Methods are presented in supplemental files (Ma et al., 2015, Ross et al., 1996). (DOCX 2745 kb)
A note on the Marchenko-Pastur law for a class of random matrices with dependent entries
Creators: name: O'Rourke, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We consider a class of real random matrices with dependent entries and show that the limiting empirical spectral distribution is given by the Marchenko-Pastur law. Additionally, we establish a rate of convergence of the expected empirical spectral distribution.
description: 13 pages, no figures. To appear, Electronic Communications in Probability
title: Preposition copying and pruning in present-day English
Creators: name: Radford, Andrew
name: Felser, Claudia
name: Boxell, Oliver
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 820 Englische, altenglische Literaturen

description: This article investigates the nature of preposition copying and preposition pruning structures in present-day English. We begin by illustrating the two phenomena and consider how they might be accounted for in syntactic terms, and go on to explore the possibility that preposition copying and pruning arise for processing reasons. We then report on two acceptability judgement experiments examining the extent to which native speakers of English are sensitive to these types of 'error' in language comprehension. Our results indicate that preposition copying creates redundancy rather than ungrammaticality, whereas preposition pruning creates processing problems for comprehenders that may render it unacceptable in timed (but not necessarily in untimed) judgement tasks. Our findings furthermore illustrate the usefulness of combining corpus studies and experimentally elicited data for gaining a clearer picture of usage and acceptability, and the potential benefits of examining syntactic phenomena from both a theoretical and a processing perspective.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe, 527
Theory of thermal spin-charge coupling in electronic systems
Creators: name: Scharf, B.
name: Matos-Abiague, A.
name: Žutić, I.
name: Fabian, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The interplay between spin transport and thermoelectricity offers several novel ways of generating, manipulating, and detecting nonequilibrium spin in a wide range of materials. Here we formulate a phenomenological model in the spirit of the standard model of electrical spin injection to describe the electronic mechanism coupling charge, spin, and heat transport and employ the model to analyze several different geometries containing ferromagnetic (F) and nonmagnetic (N) regions: F, F/N, and F/N/F junctions which are subject to thermal gradients. We present analytical formulas for the spin accumulation and spin current profiles in those junctions that are valid for both tunnel and transparent (as well as intermediate) contacts. For F/N junctions we calculate the thermal spin injection efficiency and the spin accumulation induced nonequilibrium thermopower. We find conditions for countering thermal spin effects in the N region with electrical spin injection. This compensating effect should be particularly useful for distinguishing electronic from other mechanisms of spin injection by thermal gradients. For F/N/F junctions we analyze the differences in the nonequilibrium thermopower (and chemical potentials) for parallel and antiparallel orientations of the F magnetizations, as evidence and a quantitative measure of the spin accumulation in N. Furthermore, we study the Peltier and spin Peltier effects in F/N and F/N/F junctions and present analytical formulas for the heat evolution at the interfaces of isothermal junctions.
description: to be published in PRB (in press), 19 pages, 19 figures
Target of Opportunity Observations Detectability of Kilonovae with WFST
Creators: name: Liu, Zheng-Yan
name: Lin, Zhe-Yu
name: Yu, Ji-Ming
name: Wang, Hui-Yu
name: Mourani, Gibran-Marc
name: Zhao, Wen
name: Dai, Zi-Gao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Kilonovae are approximately thermal transients, produced by mergers of binary neutron stars (BNSs) and NS-black hole binaries. As the optical counterpart of the gravitational wave event GW170817, AT2017gfo is the first kilonova detected with smoking-gun evidence. Its observation offers vital information for constraining the Hubble constant, the source of cosmic $r$-process enrichment, and the equation of state of neutron stars. The 2.5-meter Wide-Field Survey Telescope (WFST) operates at six bands (u, g, r, i, z, w), spanning from 320 to 925 nm. It will be completed in the first half of 2023, and with a field-of-view diameter of 3 degrees, aims to detect kilonovae in the near future. In this article, considering the influence of the host galaxies and sky brightness, we generate simulated images to investigate WFST's ability to detect AT2017gfo-like kilonovae. Due to their spectra, host galaxies can significantly impact kilonova detection at a longer wavelength. When kilonovae are at peak luminosity, we find that WFST performs better in the g and r bands and can detect 90\% (50\%) kilonovae at a luminosity distance of 248 Mpc (338 Mpc) with 30 s exposures. Furthermore, to reflect actual efficiency under target-of-opportunity observations, we calculate the total time of follow-up under various localization areas and distances. We find that if the localization areas of most BNS events detected during the fourth observing (O4) run of LIGO and Virgo are hundreds of deg$^2$, WFST is expected to find $\sim$30\% kilonovae in the first two nights during O4 period.
description: 18 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication by ApJ
High MUC2 Biosynthesis and Production Augment Pro-Inflammatory Responses in Colonic Goblet Cells
Creators: name: Kim, Ariel Jayu
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Parasitology
subject: Biology--Cell

description: Goblet cells are specialized secretory epithelial cells whose primary function is to secrete mucins into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract to form the mucus layer, which acts as a physical barrier separating luminal contents from the underlying epithelium. During amoebiasis, caused by the human intestinal protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, goblet cells hypersecrete and become depleted of MUC2 mucin, impairing the protective mucus barrier to allow the parasite to contact the colonic epithelium and induce a robust pro-inflammatory cytokine response. While colonic absorptive epithelial and immune cells have been shown to produce pro-inflammatory cytokines, it is not known if goblet cells do so as well in addition to mucin production. In this study, I investigated if the pro-inflammatory chemokine, CXCL8, was altered in WT and CRISPR/Cas9 MUC2KO human colonic goblet cells in response to E. histolytica. CXCL8 (IL-8) is a potent chemokine that recruits neutrophils to sites of inflammation, and symptomatic E. histolytica infections are marked by robust production of CXCL8 and subsequent neutrophil tissue infiltration. RT-qPCR and ELISA were used to analyze mRNA and protein expression in response to various stimuli. Specific pro-inflammatory pathway pharmacological inhibitors were used to enumerate defects in intracellular signaling, actinomycin D to inhibit transcription, and cycloheximide to inhibit translation. Diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) was used to alleviate reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ROS production was measured by the 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) assay. WT goblet cells produced more CXCL8 and ROS than MUC2KO cells in response to amoebic stimulation. Whereas CXCL8 mRNA was reduced by inhibiting multiple pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in WT, only the MAPK/ERK pathway reduced transcription in MUC2KO cells. CXCL8 mRNA from WT was more stable than MUC2KO cells, and this stability was reduced when ER stress was alleviated. This study identified that metabolically stressed goblet cells regulate the expression of CXCL8 in response to E. histolytica by a ROS-dependent mechanism, activating multiple signalling pathways to stabilize transcripts and maximize pro-inflammatory responses against E. histolytica. Importantly, these results unraveled a previously uncharacterized dualistic role for goblet cells- mucus secretion and pro-inflammatory chemokine production- in innate host defence against E. histolytica.
title: The slow X-ray pulsar SXP 1062 and associated supernova remnant in the Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud
Creators: name: Oskinova, Lidia M.
name: Guerrero, Martin A.
name: Hénault-Brunet, Vincent
name: Sun, W.
name: Chu, You-Hua
name: Evans, Chris
name: Gallagher, John S.
name: Gruendl, Robert A.
name: Reyes-Iturbide, Jorge
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: SXP 1062 is an exceptional case of a young neutron star in a wind-fed high-mass X-ray binary associated with a supernova remnant. A unique combination of measured spin period, its derivative, luminosity and young age makes this source a key probe for the physics of accretion and neutron star evolution. Theoretical models proposed to explain the properties of SXP 1062 shall be tested with new data.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 591
Papers from the Third International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics, Vol. 1: Currents in Oceanic
Creators: name: Halim, Amran (Ed.)
name: Carrington, Lois (Ed.)
name: Wurm, S.A. (Ed.)
Publisher: name: Pacific Linguistics
Year: 1982

description: C-74
description: Contents iiiINTRODUCTION ivTHE CONTRIBUTORS vLOCATION MAP vi{Malcolm ROSS} 1-57The development of the verb phrase in the Oceanic languages of the Bougainville region.{Raymond L. JOHNSTON} 59-95Proto-Kimbe and the New Guinea Oceanic hypothesis.{D.T. TRYON} 97-108Towards a classification of Solomon Islands languages.{Tom DUTTON} 109-177Borrowing in Austronesian and non-Austronesian languages of coastal south-east mainland Papua New Guinea.{S.P. HARRISON} 179-230Proto-Oceanic *aki(ni) and the Proto-Oceanic periphrastic causatives.{D.S. WALSH} 231-242Variation of verb-initial consonants in some Eastern Oceanic languages.{John LYNCH} 243-268Towards a theory of the origin of the Oceanic possessive constructions.{Don LAYCOCK} 269-281Metathesis in Austronesian: Ririo and other cases.{Jacques B.M. GUY} 283-314Bases for new methods in glottochronology.