cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Reproduction d’une gravure sur cuivre ou acier intitulée « Procession de la nuit du Jeudi Saint à Perpignan », face page 76 de l’ouvrage du Dr Carrère « Voyage pittoresque en France avec description de toutes ses provinces » (1787), appartenant à Henri Ribeil. Vue détaillée du quart inférieur gauche
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
title: Proceedings, CAS CERN accelerator school, 5th course, Jyvaeskylae, Finland, September 7-18, 1992. Vol. 1
titleType: Subtitle
title: General accelerator physics: Proceedings, CAS CERN accelerator school, 5th course, Jyvaeskylae, Finland, September 7-18, 1992. Vol. 1
Creators: name: Turner, S.
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 1994
Subjects: accelerator physics
CERN accelerator school
Jyvaeskylae

description: Geneva : CERN,  498 p(1994). doi:10.5170/CERN-1994-001
description: Published by CERN, Geneva
Quadratic Chabauty and $p$-adic Gross-Zagier
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Sachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $X$ be a quotient of the modular curve $X_0(N)$ whose Jacobian $J_X$ is a simple factor of $J_0(N)^{new}$ over $\mathbb{Q}$. Let $f$ be the newform of level $N$ and weight 2 associated with $J_X$; assume $f$ has analytic rank 1. We give analytic methods for determining the rational points of $X$ using quadratic Chabauty by computing two $p$-adic Gross-Zagier formulas for $f$. Quadratic Chabauty requires a supply of rational points on the curve or its Jacobian; this new method eliminates this requirement. To achieve this, we give an algorithm to compute the special value of the anticyclotomic $p$-adic $L$-function of $f$ constructed by Bertolini, Darmon, and Prasanna, which lies outside of the range of interpolation.
description: to appear in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society
Metallicity calibrations of low star-forming galaxies: the influence of a stochastic IMF
Creators: name: Paalvast, Mieke
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study of the consequences of an initial mass function that is stochastically sampled on the main emission lines used for gas-phase metallicity estimates in extra-galactic sources. We use the stochastic stellar population code SLUG and the photoionisation code Cloudy to show that the stochastic sampling of the massive end of the mass function can lead to clear variations in the relative production of energetic emission lines such as [OIII] relative to that of Balmer lines. We use this to study the impact on the Te, N2O2, R23 and O3N2 metallicity calibrators. We find that stochastic sampling of the IMF leads to a systematic over-estimate of O/H in galaxies with low star formation rates (< $10^{-3}$ M$_\odot$/yr) when using the N2O2, R23 and O3N2 strong-line methods, and an under-estimate when using the Te method on galaxies of sub-solar metallicity. We point out that while the SFR(Ha)-to-SFR(UV) ratio can be used to identify systems where the initial mass function might be insufficiently sampled, it does not provide sufficient information to fully correct the metallicity calibrations at low star formation rates. Care must therefore be given in the choice of metallicity indicators in such systems, with the N2O2 indicator proving most robust of those tested by us, with a bias of 0.08 dex for models with SFR = $10^{-4}$ M$_\odot$/yr and solar metallicity.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures and 2 tables; accepted for publication on MNRAS
Pyometra: A terrible disease of the female Dog
Creators: name: Dr. Mansingh, Dr. Rohitash Kumar, Dr. Vipin Chandra
Publisher: name: The Science world a Monthly e magazine
Year: 2024

description: Canine pyometra is a disease of the uterus in intact, sexually mature bitches usually diagnosed from 4 weeks to 4 months after estrus. The disease often causes subtle changes in the early stages; therefore, the diagnosis is often made late in the disease process. Many studies indicate an increased incidence of pyometra in nulliparous bitches and in bitches >4 years of age [2]. Pyometra should be included in the differential diagnosis for any intact bitch, regardless of the presenting signs. Bitches with pyometra may present either with a vaginal discharge present (open-cervix pyometra) or without a vaginal discharge (closed-cervix pyometra). Closed-cervix pyometra is a medical emergency that requires rapid intervention to prevent overwhelming sepsis and the potential of patient death.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ АНАЛИЗА КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЛУКОВИЦ ЧЕСНОКА
Creators: name: Арипова, Шахноза
name: Тургунбоева, Зулфизар
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: В ходе исследования проведен анализ качественных и количественных характеристик луковиц чеснока, собранных в различных партиях. Были рассмотрены такие параметры, как общее количество луковиц, масса партий, распределение луковиц по размеру (крупные, средние, средне-мелкие, мелкие) и наличие бракованных экземпляров. Полученные данные продемонстрировали значительное разнообразие размеров луковиц между партиями, что связано с различными условиями выращивания и сортовыми особенностями. В большинстве партий преобладают луковицы среднего размера, что свидетельствует о благоприятных условиях для их развития. Однако выявлены партии с высоким процентом мелких и бракованных луковиц, что может указывать на необходимость улучшения агротехнических приемов или условий хранения продукции. Эти результаты подчеркивают важность контроля качества на всех этапах производства и могут служить основой для разработки рекомендаций по повышению урожайности и качества луковиц чеснока в будущем.
Estimating Quantum Hamiltonians via Joint Measurements of Noisy Non-Commuting Observables
Creators: name: McNulty, Daniel
name: Maciejewski, Filip B.
name: Oszmaniec, Michał
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimation of expectation values of incompatible observables is an essential practical task in quantum computing, especially for approximating energies of chemical and other many-body quantum systems. In this work we introduce a method for this purpose based on performing a single joint measurement that can be implemented locally and whose marginals yield noisy (unsharp) versions of the target set of non-commuting Pauli observables. We derive bounds on the number of experimental repetitions required to estimate energies up to a certain precision. We compare this strategy to the classical shadow formalism and show that our method yields the same performance as the locally biased classical shadow protocol. We also highlight some general connections between the two approaches by showing that classical shadows can be used to construct joint measurements and vice versa. Finally, we adapt the joint measurement strategy to minimise the sample complexity when the implementation of measurements is assumed noisy. This can provide significant efficiency improvements compared to known generalisations of classical shadows to noisy scenarios.
description: 14 pages, updated in line with published version
Resonance crossing of a charged body in a magnetized Kerr background: an analogue of extreme mass ratio inspiral
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Sajal
name: Kopacek, Ondrej
name: Lukes-Gerakopoulos, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate resonance crossings of a charged body moving around a Kerr black hole immersed in an external homogeneous magnetic field. This system can serve as an electromagnetic analogue of a weakly non-integrable extreme mass ratio inspiral (EMRI). In particular, the presence of the magnetic field renders the conservative part of the system non-integrable in the Liouville sense, while the electromagnetic self-force causes the charged body to inspiral. By studying the system without the self-force, we show the existence of an approximate Carter-like constant and discuss how resonances grow as a function of the perturbation parameter. Then, we apply the electromagnetic self-force to investigate crossings of these resonances during an inspiral. Averaging the energy and angular momentum losses during crossings allows us to employ an adiabatic approximation for them. We demonstrate that such adiabatic approximation provides results qualitatively equivalent to the instantaneous self-force evolution, which indicates that the adiabatic approximation may describe the resonance crossing with sufficiently accuracy in EMRIs.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Conformally Schwarzschild cosmological black holes
Creators: name: Sato, Takuma
name: Maeda, Hideki
name: Harada, Tomohiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We thoroughly investigate conformally Schwarzschild spacetimes in different coordinate systems to seek for physically reasonable models of a cosmological black hole. We assume that a conformal factor depends only on the time coordinate and that the spacetime is asymptotically flat Friedmann-Lema\^ıtre-Robertson-Walker universe filled by a perfect fluid obeying a linear equation state $p=wρ$ with $w>-1/3$. In this class of spacetimes, the McClure-Dyer spacetime, constructed in terms of the isotropic coordinates, and the Thakurta spacetime, constructed in terms of the standard Schwarzschild coordinates, are identical and do not describe a cosmological black hole. In contrast, the Sultana-Dyer and Culetu classes of spacetimes, constructed in terms of the Kerr-Schild and Painlevé-Gullstrand coordinates, respectively, describe a cosmological black hole. In the Sultana-Dyer case, the corresponding matter field in general relativity can be interpreted as a combination of a homogeneous perfect fluid and an inhomogeneous null fluid, which is valid everywhere in the spacetime unlike Sultana and Dyer's interpretation. In the Culetu case, the matter field can be interpreted as a combination of a homogeneous perfect fluid and an inhomogeneous anisotropic fluid. However, in both cases, the total energy-momentum tensor violates all the standard energy conditions at a finite value of the radial coordinate in late times. As a consequence, the Sultana-Dyer and Culetu black holes for $-1/3
description: 58 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables; v3, this version corrects the published version according to the corrigendum (2023 Class. Quantum Grav. 40, 079501). The main results remain unchanged
Simulating with AcCoRD: Actor-Based Communication via Reaction-Diffusion
Creators: name: Noel, Adam
name: Cheung, Karen C.
name: Schober, Robert
name: Makrakis, Dimitrios
name: Hafid, Abdelhakim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper introduces AcCoRD (Actor-based Communication via Reaction-Diffusion) version 1.0. AcCoRD is a sandbox reaction-diffusion solver designed for the study of molecular communication systems. It uses a hybrid of microscopic and mesoscopic simulation models that enables scalability via user control of local accuracy. AcCoRD is developed in C as an open source command line tool and includes utilities to process simulation output in MATLAB. The latest code and links to user documentation can be found at https://github.com/adamjgnoel/AcCoRD/. This paper provides an overview of AcCoRD's design, including the motivation for developing a specialized reaction-diffusion solver. The corresponding algorithms are presented in detail, including the computational complexity of the microscopic and mesoscopic models. Other novel derivations include the transition rates between adjacent mesoscopic subvolumes of different sizes. Simulation results demonstrate the use of AcCoRD as both an accurate reaction-diffusion solver and one that is catered to the analysis of molecular communication systems. A link is included to videos that demonstrate many of the simulated scenarios. Additional insights from the simulation results include the selection of suitable hybrid model parameters, the impact of reactive surfaces that are in the proximity of a hybrid interface, and the size of a bounded environment that is necessary to assume that it is unbounded. The development of AcCoRD is ongoing, so its future direction is also discussed in order to highlight improvements that will expand its potential areas of application. New features that are being planned at the time of writing include a fluid flow model and more complex actor behavior.
description: 42 pages, 21 figures, 2 tables. To appear in Nano Communication Networks
Lattice field theory studies of magnetic catalysis in graphene
Creators: name: Winterowd, Christopher R.
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2016
Subjects: Graphene
Lattice Gauge Theory
Magnetic Catalysis
Quantum Field Theory

description: Consisting of a single two-dimensional layer of Carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, graphene represents one of the most exciting recent developments in condensed matter physics. With novel electronic and mechancial properties, graphene not only has great potential with respect to technological applications, but also displays phenomena that typically appear in relativistic quantum field theory. The low-energy electronic excitations of graphene consist of two identical species of massless Dirac particles. Due to the small Fermi velocity, these particles are strongly coupled through the Coulomb interaction. Although various perturbative approaches have succeeded in elucidating many of the electronic properties of graphene, one would still like a nonperturbative study to address various questions. In particular, the spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry in the presence of an external magnetic field, commonly known as magnetic catalysis, is one of these questions. Early studies of this phenomenon in model relativistic field theories have posited the mechanism to be universal. More recently, this mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking has been studied in low-dimensional condensed matter systems. Due to the strongly-coupled nature of the low-energy effective field theory of graphene, nonperturbative methods of lattice gauge theory can be used which are well suited to studying chiral symmetry breaking. Most notably used to study the theory of the strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics, these methods have proven successful in elucidating nonperturbative phenomena in cases where perturbative methods fail. In this thesis, using these methods, evidence in favor of magnetic catalysis in the graphene effective field theory will be presented.
Affine q-deformed symmetry and the classical Yang-Baxter sigma-model
Creators: name: Delduc, Francois
name: Kameyama, Takashi
name: Magro, Marc
name: Vicedo, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Yang-Baxter $σ$-model is an integrable deformation of the principal chiral model on a Lie group $G$. The deformation breaks the $G \times G$ symmetry to $U(1)^{\textrm{rank}(G)} \times G$. It is known that there exist non-local conserved charges which, together with the unbroken $U(1)^{\textrm{rank}(G)}$ local charges, form a Poisson algebra $\mathscr U_q(\mathfrak{g})$, which is the semiclassical limit of the quantum group $U_q(\mathfrak{g})$, with $\mathfrak{g}$ the Lie algebra of $G$. For a general Lie group $G$ with rank$(G)>1$, we extend the previous result by constructing local and non-local conserved charges satisfying all the defining relations of the infinite-dimensional Poisson algebra $\mathscr U_q(L \mathfrak{g})$, the classical analogue of the quantum loop algebra $U_q(L \mathfrak{g})$, where $L \mathfrak{g}$ is the loop algebra of $\mathfrak{g}$. Quite unexpectedly, these defining relations are proved without encountering any ambiguity related to the non-ultralocality of this integrable $σ$-model.
description: 21 pages, references added
The Inner 25 AU Debris Distribution in the epsilon Eri System
Creators: name: Su, Kate Y. L.
name: De Buizer, James M.
name: Rieke, George H.
name: Krivov, Alexander V.
name: Lohne, Torsten
name: Marengo, Massimo
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
name: Ballering, Nicholas P.
name: Vacca, William D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Debris disk morphology is wavelength dependent due to the wide range of particle sizes and size-dependent dynamics influenced by various forces. Resolved images of nearby debris disks reveal complex disk structures that are difficult to distinguish from their spectral energy distributions. Therefore, multi-wavelength resolved images of nearby debris systems provide an essential foundation to understand the intricate interplay between collisional, gravitational, and radiative forces that govern debris disk structures. We present the SOFIA 35 um resolved disk image of epsilon Eri, the closest debris disk around a star similar to the early Sun. Combining with the Spitzer resolved image at 24 um and 15-38 um excess spectrum, we examine two proposed origins of the inner debris in epsilon Eri: (1) in-situ planetesimal belt(s) and (2) dragged-in grains from the cold outer belt. We find that the presence of in-situ dust-producing planetesmial belt(s) is the most likely source of the excess emission in the inner 25 au region. Although a small amount of dragged-in grains from the cold belt could contribute to the excess emission in the inner region, the resolution of the SOFIA data is high enough to rule out the possibility that the entire inner warm excess results from dragged-in grains, but not enough to distinguish one broad inner disk from two narrow belts.
description: AJ in press
Measurement of the topological Chern number by continuous probing of a qubit subject to a slowly varying Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Xu, Peng
name: Kiilerich, Alexander Holm
name: Blattmann, Ralf
name: Yu, Yang
name: Zhu, Shi-Liang
name: Mølmer, Klaus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze a measurement scheme that allows determination of the Berry curvature and the topological Chern number of a Hamiltonian with parameters exploring a two-dimensional closed manifold. Our method uses continuous monitoring of the gradient of the Hamiltonian with respect to one parameter during a quasi-adiabatic quench of the other. Measurement back-action leads to disturbance of the system dynamics, but we show that this can be compensated by a feedback Hamiltonian. As an example, we analyze the implementation with a superconducting qubit subject to time varying, near resonant microwave fields; equivalent to a spin 1/2 particle in a magnetic field.
description: Revised version with new analytic results, numerical simulations and figures. Accepted for Rapid Publication in PRA. 6 pages, 2 figures, Supplemental material included (4 pages). Journal reference added and figures updated for better grayscale appearance
Cosmological constraints on scalar-tensor gravity and the variation of the gravitational constant
Creators: name: Ooba, Junpei
name: Ichiki, Kiyotomo
name: Chiba, Takeshi
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present cosmological constraints on the scalar-tensor theory of gravity by analyzing the angular power spectrum data of the cosmic microwave background obtained from the Planck 2015 results together with the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data. We find that the inclusion of the BAO data improves the constraints on the time variation of the effective gravitational constant by more than $10\%$, that is, the time variation of the effective gravitational constant between the recombination and the present epochs is constrained as $G_{\rm rec}/G_0-1 <1.9\times 10^{-3}\ (95.45\%\ {\rm C.L.})$ and $G_{\rm rec}/G_0-1 <5.5\times 10^{-3}\ (99.99 \%\ {\rm C.L.})$. We also discuss the dependence of the constraints on the choice of the prior.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures, version to appear in PTEP
Topological Structures on DMC spaces
Creators: name: Nasser, Rajai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Two channels are said to be equivalent if they are degraded from each other. The space of equivalent channels with input alphabet $X$ and output alphabet $Y$ can be naturally endowed with the quotient of the Euclidean topology by the equivalence relation. A topology on the space of equivalent channels with fixed input alphabet $X$ and arbitrary but finite output alphabet is said to be natural if and only if it induces the quotient topology on the subspaces of equivalent channels sharing the same output alphabet. We show that every natural topology is $σ$-compact, separable and path-connected. On the other hand, if $|X|\geq 2$, a Hausdorff natural topology is not Baire and it is not locally compact anywhere. This implies that no natural topology can be completely metrized if $|X|\geq 2$. The finest natural topology, which we call the strong topology, is shown to be compactly generated, sequential and $T_4$. On the other hand, the strong topology is not first-countable anywhere, hence it is not metrizable. We show that in the strong topology, a subspace is compact if and only if it is rank-bounded and strongly-closed. We introduce a metric distance on the space of equivalent channels which compares the noise levels between channels. The induced metric topology, which we call the noisiness topology, is shown to be natural. We also study topologies that are inherited from the space of meta-probability measures by identifying channels with their Blackwell measures. We show that the weak-* topology is exactly the same as the noisiness topology and hence it is natural. We prove that if $|X|\geq 2$, the total variation topology is not natural nor Baire, hence it is not completely metrizable. Moreover, it is not locally compact anywhere. Finally, we show that the Borel $σ$-algebra is the same for all Hausdorff natural topologies.
description: 43 pages, submitted to IEEE Trans. Inform. Theory and in part to ISIT2017
Decomposition in Chern-Simons theories in three dimensions
Creators: name: Pantev, T.
name: Sharpe, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we discuss decomposition in the context of three-dimensional Chern-Simons theories. Specifically, we argue that a Chern-Simons theory with a gauged noneffectively-acting one-form symmetry is equivalent to a disjoint union of Chern-Simons theories, with discrete theta angles couplings to the image under a Bockstein homomorphism of a canonical degree-two characteristic class. On three-manifolds with boundary, we show that the bulk discrete theta angles (coupling to bundle characteristic classes) are mapped to choices of discrete torsion in boundary orbifolds. We use this to verify that the bulk three-dimensional Chern-Simons decomposition reduces on the boundary to known decompositions of two-dimensional (WZW) orbifolds, providing a strong consistency test of our proposal.
description: 57 pages, LaTeX
Determinants of public cooperation in multiplex networks
Creators: name: Battiston, Federico
name: Perc, Matjaz
name: Latora, Vito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Synergies between evolutionary game theory and statistical physics have significantly improved our understanding of public cooperation in structured populations. Multiplex networks, in particular, provide the theoretical framework within network science that allows us to mathematically describe the rich structure of interactions characterizing human societies. While research has shown that multiplex networks may enhance the resilience of cooperation, the interplay between the overlap in the structure of the layers and the control parameters of the corresponding games has not yet been investigated. With this aim, we consider here the public goods game on a multiplex network, and we unveil the role of the number of layers and the overlap of links, as well as the impact of different synergy factors in different layers, on the onset of cooperation. We show that enhanced public cooperation emerges only when a significant edge overlap is combined with at least one layer being able to sustain some cooperation by means of a sufficiently high synergy factor. In the absence of either of these conditions, the evolution of cooperation in multiplex networks is determined by the bounds of traditional network reciprocity with no enhanced resilience. These results caution against overly optimistic predictions that the presence of multiple social domains may in itself promote cooperation, and they help us better understand the complexity behind prosocial behavior in layered social systems.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures; accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics
Observational predictions of LQG motivated polymerized black holes and constraints from Sgr A* and M87*
Creators: name: Walia, Rahul Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Loop quantum gravity inspired partial polymer quantization in four-dimensional spacetime leads to a globally regular black hole with a single horizon. The polymerized black hole metric is characterized by the minimum length parameter $k$, and mimics the Schwarzschild black hole in the weak-field limit. We present an analytic and numerical investigation of the strong gravitational lensing and shadow morphology to determine the observational impacts of quantum effects. Interestingly, the light deflection angle, the angular separation between the outermost relativistic image, and magnification are significantly larger than those for the Schwarzschild black hole. Using the ray-tracing technique, we simulate the black hole shadows under three distinct optically thin accretion models: static spherical accretion, radially infalling spherical accretion, and the thin accretion disk model. Polymerized black holes' shadow morphology strongly depends on $k$. We derive constraints on $k$ from the M87* and Sgr A* black hole shadow observations from the Event Horizon Telescope.
description: 46 pages, 20 figures and 5 tables. Matched with the published version
Effects of static and dynamic higher-order optical modes in balanced homodyne readout for future gravitational waves detectors
Creators: name: Zhang, Teng
name: Danilishin, Stefan L
name: Steinlechner, Sebastian
name: Barr, Bryan W
name: Bell, Angus S
name: Dupej, Peter
name: Gräf, Christian
name: Hennig, Jan-Simon
name: Houston, E Alasdair
name: Huttner, Sabina H
name: Leavey, Sean S
name: Pascucci, Daniela
name: Sorazu, Borja
name: Spencer, Andrew
name: Wright, Jennifer
name: Strain, Kenneth A
name: Hild, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the recent discovery of Gravitational waves, marking the start of the new field of GW astronomy, the push for building more sensitive laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors (GWD) has never been stronger. Balanced homodyne detection (BHD) allows for a quantum noise limited readout of arbitrary light field quadratures, and has therefore been suggested as a vital building block for upgrades to Advanced LIGO and third generation observatories. In terms of the practical implementation of BHD, we develop a full framework for analyzing the static optical high order modes (HOMs) occurring in the BHD paths related to the misalignment or mode matching at the input and output ports of the laser interferometer. We find the effects of HOMs on the quantum noise limited sensitivity is independent of the actual interferometer configuration, e.g. Michelson and Sagnac interferometers are effected in the same way. We show that output misalignment only effects the high frequency part of the quantum noise limited sensitivity. However, at low frequencies, HOMs reduce the interferometer response and the radiation pressure noise by the same amount and hence the quantum noise limited sensitivity is not negatively effected. We show that the input misalignment to the interferometer produces the same effect as output misalignment and additionally decreases the power inside the interferometer. We also analyze dynamic HOM effects, such as beam jitter created by the suspended mirrors of the BHD. Our analyses can be directly applied to any BHD implementation in a future GWD. Moreover, we apply our analytical techniques to the example of the speed meter proof of concept experiment under construction in Glasgow. We find that for our experimental parameters, the performance of our seismic isolation system in the BHD paths is compatible with the design sensitivity of the experiment.
Enabling large-scale viscoelastic calculations via neural network acceleration
Creators: name: DeVries, Phoebe R.
name: Thompson, T. Ben
name: Meade, Brendan J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most significant challenges involved in efforts to understand the effects of repeated earthquake cycle activity are the computational costs of large-scale viscoelastic earthquake cycle models. Computationally intensive viscoelastic codes must be evaluated thousands of times and locations, and as a result, studies tend to adopt a few fixed rheological structures and model geometries, and examine the predicted time-dependent deformation over short (<10 yr) time periods at a given depth after a large earthquake. Training a deep neural network to learn a computationally efficient representation of viscoelastic solutions, at any time, location, and for a large range of rheological structures, allows these calculations to be done quickly and reliably, with high spatial and temporal resolution. We demonstrate that this machine learning approach accelerates viscoelastic calculations by more than 50,000%. This magnitude of acceleration will enable the modeling of geometrically complex faults over thousands of earthquake cycles across wider ranges of model parameters and at larger spatial and temporal scales than have been previously possible.
The effect of cavity length detuning on the output characteristics for the middle infrared FEL oscillator of FELiChEM
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhou-Yu
name: Li, He-Ting
name: Jia, Qi-Ka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: FELiChEM is an infrared free electron laser (FEL) facility under construction, which consists of two oscillators generating middle-infrared and far-infrared laser covering the spectral range of 2.5-200 ${\rm{μm}}$. In this paper, we numerically study the output characteristics of the middle-infrared oscillator with the accurate cavity length detuning. Emphasis is put on the temporal structure of the micropulse and the corresponding spectral bandwidth. Taking the radiation wavelengths of 50 ${\rm{μm}}$ and 5 ${\rm{μm}}$ as examples, we show that the output pulse duration can be tuned in the range of 1-6 ps with corresponding bandwidth of 13-0.2\% by adjusting the cavity length detuning. In addition, a special discussion on the comb structure is presented, and it is indicated that the comb structure may arise in the output optical pulse when the normalized slippage length is much smaller than unity. This work has reference value for the operation of FELiChEM and other FEL oscillators.
Approximate N$^{3}$LO Parton Distribution Functions with Theoretical Uncertainties: MSHT20aN$^3$LO PDFs
Creators: name: McGowan, J.
name: Cridge, T.
name: Harland-Lang, L. A.
name: Thorne, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) at approximate N$^{3}$LO in the strong coupling constant $α_{s}$, extending beyond the current highest NNLO achieved in PDF fits. To achieve this, we present a general formalism for the inclusion of theoretical uncertainties associated with the perturbative expansion in the strong coupling. We demonstrate how using the currently available knowledge surrounding the next highest order (N$^{3}$LO) in $α_{s}$ can provide consistent, justifiable and explainable approximate N$^{3}$LO (aN$^{3}$LO) PDFs. This includes estimates for uncertainties due the the currently unknown N$^{3}$LO ingredients, but also implicitly some missing higher order uncertainties (MHOUs) beyond these. Specifically, we approximate the splitting functions, transition matrix elements, coefficient functions and $K$-factors for multiple processes to N$^{3}$LO. Crucially, these are constrained to be consistent with the wide range of already available information about N$^{3}$LO to match the complete result at this order as accurately as possible. Using this approach we perform a fully consistent approximate N$^{3}$LO global fit within the MSHT framework. This relies on an expansion of the Hessian procedure used in previous MSHT fits to allow for sources of theoretical uncertainties. These are included as nuisance parameters in a global fit, controlled by knowledge and intuition based prior distributions. We analyse the differences between our aN$^{3}$LO PDFs and the standard NNLO PDF set, and study the impact of using aN$^{3}$LO PDFs on the LHC production of a Higgs boson at this order. Finally, we provide guidelines on how these PDFs should be be used in phenomenological investigations.
description: 157 pages, 51 figures, 21 tables. Updated LHAPDF Grids available which include a correction of a minor bug in the non-singlet splitting function leading to very small changes in fit quality and PDFs, but with no significant changes to any results or conclusions. Published version
Quantifying Regional Body-wave attenuation in a seismic prone zone of northeast India
Creators: name: Bora, Nilutpal
name: Biswas, Rajib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluated the body wave attenuation parameter in Kopili region of northeast India. Using the modified algorithm of coda normalization method, we delineated frequency-dependent attenuation for both P and S waves. Taking more than 300 seismograms as input, we comprehensively studied microearthquake spectra in the frequency range of 1.5 to 12 Hz. The estimated values of $Q_P^{-1}$ and $Q_S^{-1}$ show strong frequency dependence. The relationships emerge to be $Q_P^{-1}=(23.8\pm 6)\times10^{-3}f^{-1.2\pm 0.008}$ and $Q_S^{-1}=(10.2\pm 2)\times10^{-3}f^{-1.3\pm 0.02}$, respectively. The ratio $Q_P^{-1}/Q_S^{-1}$ is found to be larger than unity for the entire frequency band which implies profound seismic activity and macroscale heterogeneity prevailing in the region. The study may act as the building block towards determination of source parameter and hazard related studies in the region.
On the uniqueness of ghost-free special gravity
Creators: name: Bai, Dong
name: Xing, Yu-Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Special gravity refers to interacting theories of massless gravitons in Minkowski space-time which are invariant under the abelian gauge invariance $h_{ab}\rightarrow h_{ab}+\partial_{(a}χ_{b)}$ only. In this article we determine the most general form of special gravity free of Ostrogradski ghosts, meaning its equation of motion is of at most second order. Together with the recent works, this result could be helpful in formulating proofs of General Relativity as the unique physical theory of self-interacting massless gravitons. We also study how to construct gauge invariant couplings to matter fields.
description: 7 pages. Accepted version
Pharmakokinetische Interaktionsstudie zwischen Torasemid und den beiden AT1-Blockern Losartan und Irbesartan auf Ebene des Cytochrom P450 2C9
Creators: name: Meybaum, Annett Sabine
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Untersucht wurde eine eventuelle Interaktion zwischen den AT1-Blockern Irbesartan / Losartan und dem Schleifendiuretikum Torasemid. Ebenso war von Interesse der Einfluss von Geschlecht, CYP2C9-Aktivität und OATP1b1-Genotyp. In die prospektive Studie wurden in 2 Studiengruppen jeweils 12 Patienten eingeschlossen. Unter Kombination mit Irbesartan kam es zu einem signifikanten AUC0-24h – Anstieg von Torasemid bis zu 45%. Signifikant war ebenfalls eine Abhängigkeit der Torasemid - Plasmakonzentration vom Geschlecht des Patienten sowie dem vorliegenden OATP1B1-Genotyp.
Acoustic Nonreciprocity in Coriolis Mean Flow Systems
Creators: name: Naghdi, Masoud
name: Farzbod, Farhad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One way to break acoustic reciprocity is to have a moving wave propagation medium. If the acoustic wave vector and the moving fluid velocity are collinear we can use the wave vector shift caused by the fluid flow to break reciprocity. In this paper we investigated an alternative approach in which the fluid velocity enters the differential equation of the system as a cross product term with the wave vector. A circular field where the fluid velocity increases radially has a Coriolis acceleration term. In such a system, the acoustic wave enters from the central wall and exits from the perimeter wall. In this paper, we solved the differential equation numerically and investigated the effect of fluid velocity on the nonreciprocity factor.
Decoherence and Landauer's Principle in Qubit-Cavity Quantum-Field-Theory Interaction
Creators: name: Xu, Hao
name: Chen, Si Yu
name: Ong, Yen Chin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider quantum decoherence and Landauer's principle in qubit-cavity quantum field theory (QFT) interaction, treating the qubit as the system and cavity QFT as the environment. In particular, we investigate the changes that occur in the system with a pure initial state and environment during the decoherence process, with or without energy dissipation, and compare the results with the case in which the initial state of the system is a mixed state and thus decoherence is absent. When we choose an interaction Hamiltonian such that the energy and coherence of the system change simultaneously, the population change of the system and the energy change are the same when the initial state is mixed. However, the decoherence terms increase the von Neumann entropy of the system. In this case the energy change and decoherence of the system are not independent physical processes. The decoherence process maintains unitarity. On the other hand, if the interaction Hamiltonian does not change the energy of the system, there is only the decoherence effect. The environment will be a distribution in the basis of the displaced number state and always increases the energy. Landauer's principle is satisfied in both cases.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures; v2: typo fixed; v3: minor corrections, accepted by EPJC; v4:published version
Strong maximum principles for fractional Laplacians
Creators: name: Musina, Roberta
name: Nazarov, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35R11, 35B50

description: We give a unified approach to strong maximum principles for a large class of nonlocal operators of the order $s\in(0,1)$, that includes the Dirichlet, the Neumann Restricted (or Regional) and the Neumann Semirestricted Laplacians.
description: 18 pages; this version is enlarged
Water balance changes in the upper part of Dong Nai River basin
Creators: name: Pham, Hung
name: Vo, Le Phu
name: Le, Van Trung
name: Olivier, Paul A.
Publisher: name: Journal of Vietnamese Environment
Year: 2020

description: In recent decades, changes in land use and land cover (LULC) arising from socio-economic development, coupled with climate change, have severely undermined and compromised the environmental sustainability of the upper part of Dong Nai (UPDN) river basin. Assessing the long-term impacts of climate change and changes in LULC on hydrological conditions and water balance in the UPDN river basin is essential for sustainable watershed management. In the present study, Landsat images and SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model were used to assess water balance changes due to changes of climate and LULC at three different intervals: 1994, 2004, and 2014. The results of Landsat images classification indicated that forest land was the main LULC type in the basin. In 1994 the forest cover was 706,803 ha (72.68% of the total landmass). In 2004 the forest area dropped to 520,359 ha (53.51%). In 2014 the forest area dropped further to 485,908 ha (49.97%). The change in LULC has caused changes in the annual and peak water flows. The analysis of the results revealed that the effect of historical climate variations on water yield was greater than the LULC change. With the scenario of LULC 2014, the consumption of irrigation water was the highest and mainly in the dry season. The findings can provide useful information for decision-makers in planning and formulating policies for sustainable watershed management and climate change adaptation. Trong những thập niên gần đây, sự thay đổi về sử dụng đất và thực phủ (LULC) do những hoạt động phát triển kinh tế - xã hội cùng với biến đổi khí hậu đã đặt ra những thách thức cho sự bền vững về môi trường ở lưu vực thượng nguồn sông Đồng Nai (UPDN). Đánh giá các tác động lâu dài của biến đổi khí hậu và những thay đổi trong LULC đến điều kiện thủy văn và cân bằng nước là việc cần thiết cho quản lý bền vững nguồn nước. Trong nghiên cứu này, các ảnh vệ tinh Landsat, công cụ đánh giá đất và nước (SWAT) được sử dụng để đánh giá sự thay đổi cân bằng nước do sự thay đổi khí hậu và LULC tại ba thời điểm khác nhau 1994, 2004 và 2014. Kết quả phân loại các ảnh Landsat cho thấy rừng là loại thực phủ chính trong lưu vực. Diện tích rừng của năm 1994 là 706.803 ha (72,68%). Diện tích rừng của năm 2004 đã giảm xuống còn 520.359 ha (53,1%) và đến năm 2014 chỉ còn 485.908ha (49,97%). Thay đổi sử dụng đất và thực phủ đã làm thay đổi chế độ thủy văn và dòng chảy đỉnh. Phân tích kết quả đã xác định rằng những sự thay đổi về điều kiện khí hậu trong quá khứ có ảnh hưởng đến lượng nước lớn hơn so với thay đổi về thực phủ. Với kịch bản LULC năm 2014, nhu cầu sử dụng nước tưới cho cây trồng là lớn nhất và chủ yếu trong mùa khô. Những kết quả đạt được trong nghiên cứu này sẽ cung cấp thông tin hữu ích cho các nhà hoạch định trong lập kế hoạch và ban hành chính sách cho quản lý lưu vực bền vững, thích ứng với biến đổi khí hậu.
description: Journal of Vietnamese Environment, Vol 11 No 2 (2019)
Illustrated study of the semi-holographic non-perturbative framework
Creators: name: Banerjee, Souvik
name: Gaddam, Nava
name: Mukhopadhyay, Ayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semi-holography has been proposed as an effective nonperturbative framework which can combine perturbative and nonperturbative effects consistently for theories like QCD. It is postulated that the strongly coupled nonperturbative sector has a holographic dual in the form of a classical gravity theory in the large N limit, and the perturbative fields determine the gravitational boundary conditions. In this work, we pursue a fundamental derivation of this framework particularly showing how perturbative physics by itself can determine the holographic dual of the infrared, and also the interactions between the perturbative and the holographic sectors. We firstly demonstrate that the interactions between the two sectors can be constrained through the existence of a conserved local energy-momentum tensor for the full system up to hard-soft coupling constants. As an illustration, we set up a bi-holographic toy theory where both the UV and IR sectors are strongly coupled and holographic with distinct classical gravity duals. In this construction, the requirement that an appropriate gluing can cure the singularities (geodetic incompletenesses) of the respective geometries leads us to determine the parameters of the IR theory and the hard-soft couplings in terms of those of the UV theory. The high energy scale behaviour of the hard-soft couplings is state-independent but their runnings turn out to be state-dependent. We discuss how our approach can be adapted to the construction of the semi-holographic framework for QCD.
description: 2+45 pages; 5 figures; title revised, 1 new paragraph on page 36, 2 new paragraphs on page 43, references added; to appear in PRD