cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Afterslip and aftershocks in the rate-and-state friction law
Creators: name: Helmstetter, Agnès
name: Shaw, Bruce E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Plate tectonics
Seismology
Earthquakes
Earthquake aftershocks

description: We study how a stress perturbation generated by a main shock affects a fault obeying the rate-state friction law using a simple slider block system. Depending on the model parameters and on the initial stress, the fault exhibits aftershocks, slow earthquakes, or decaying afterslip. We found several regimes with slip rate decaying as a power law of time, with different characteristic times and exponents. The behavior of the rate-state friction law is thus far more complex than described by the “steady state” approximation frequently used to fit afterslip data. The fault reaches steady state only at very large times, when slip rate has decreased to the tectonic loading rate. The complexity of the model makes it unrealistic to invert for the friction law parameters from afterslip data. We modeled afterslip measurements for three earthquakes using the complete rate-and-state law and found a huge variety of model parameters that can fit the data. In particular, it is impossible to distinguish the stable velocity-strengthening regime (A > B) from the (potentially) unstable velocity-weakening regime (A < B). Therefore, it is not necessary to involve small-scale spatial or temporal fluctuations of friction parameters A or B in order to explain the transition between stable sliding and seismic slip. In addition to B/A and stiffness, the fault behavior is strongly controlled by stress levels following an event. Stress heterogeneity can thus explain part of the variety of postseismic behaviors observed in nature. Afterslip induces a progressive reloading of faults that are not slipping, which can trigger aftershocks. Using the relation between stress and seismicity derived from the rate-and-state friction law, we estimate the aftershock rate triggered by coseismic and postseismic slip. Aftershock rate does not simply scale with stress rate but exhibits different characteristic times and sometimes a different power law exponent. Afterslip is thus a possible candidate to explain observations of aftershock rate decaying as a power law of time with an Omori exponent that can be either smaller or larger than 1. Progressive unloading due to afterslip can also produce delayed seismic quiescence.
GRB Light Curves in the Relativistic Turbulence Model
Creators: name: Lazar, Ayah
name: Nakar, Ehud
name: Piran, Tsvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Randomly oriented relativistic emitters in a relativistically expanding shell provides an alternative to internal shocks as a mechanism for producing GRBs' variable light curves with efficient conversion of energy to radiation. In this model the relativistic outflow is broken into small emitters moving relativistically in the outflow's rest frame. Variability arises because an observer sees an emitter only when its velocity points towards him so that only a small fraction of the emitters are seen by a given observer. Models with significant relativistic random motions require converting and maintaining a large fraction of the overall energy into these motions. While it is not clear how this is achieved, we explore here, using two toy models, the constraints on parameters required to produce light curves comparable to the observations. We find that a tight relation between the size of the emitters and the bulk and random Lorentz factors is needed and that the random Lorentz factor determines the variability. While both models successfully produce the observed variability there are several inconsistencies with other properties of the light curves. Most of which, but not all, might be resolved if the central engine is active for a long time producing a number of shells, resembling to some extent the internal shocks model.
description: Significantly revised with a discussion of additional models. Accepted for publication in APJL
Hemlock Legacy Project (HeLP): A paleoecological requiem for eastern hemlock
Creators: name: Hessl, Amy
name: Pederson, Neil
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Conservation biology
Botany
Paleoclimatology

description: Eastern North American forests have effectively lost two major tree species (American chestnut and American elm) in the last 100 years and two more, eastern and Carolina hemlock, will be functionally extinct over much of their ranges within a couple of decades. The loss of eastern hemlock is of particular concern because hemlock is: (1) a foundation species; (2) one of the longest-lived tree species over much of temperate eastern North America; and (3) sensitive to climatic variation and ecosystem disturbance, making it an ideal species for the reconstruction of environmental history. Unlike American chestnut, we have a small window of opportunity to salvage environmental histories from hemlock before they are lost. In this progress report, we review the extensive body of science derived from this paleoenvironmental archive and urge scientists from eastern North America to sample and archive old-growth hemlock while living and dead material remain. Here we describe a community-based approach to salvaging paleoenvironmental archives that could serve as a model for collections from other foundation species currently threatened by exotic forests pests and pathogens (e.g. whitebark pine, ash). The approach supports Schlesinger’s (2010) call for ‘translational ecology’ by building connections between scientists, students, environmental NGOs, and land managers focused on old-growth forests.
Cultivating Critical Thinking Skills: a Pedagogical Study in a Business Statistics Course
Creators: name: Bates, Jessica
name: Cheng, Sherri
name: Ferris, Mark
name: Wang, Frank
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: While society expects college graduates to possess critical thinking skills to discern distorted truth, overcome ignorance, and ground action in social reality, recent studies show that traditional lecture-based collegiate instruction may not always support these outcomes. Given that critical thinking skills are essential for college students, who represent society’s future leaders and workforce, it is imperative for higher education to offer effective and comprehensive training to foster these skills. We develop a multi-faceted pedagogical design - Integrated Cogency Method (ICM) - and apply it to a statistics class. Our ICM includes writing assignments that use statistics as evidence, group discussions, and instructor-led Socratic dialogue. We implement a quasi-experimental design to uncover the impact of ICM on improving the students’ critical thinking skills. We objectively assess students’ progress in critical thinking skills by evaluating their written arguments in assignments. Specifically, we measure four critical thinking dimensions: present evidence, explain issues, articulate influence, and present conclusion. The findings from studying 63 students’ essays demonstrate that the implementation of ICM enhances students’ critical thinking skills across all four measured dimensions. We encourage instructors from various disciplines to use the ICM as a reference and create course-specific materials to enhance their students’ critical thinking skills.
title: Diversity-Related Experiences Among College Students in the Promotion of Social Justice Orientation, Multicultural Openness, and Community Involvement
Creators: name: Reveles, Alexandra K.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2017

description: Institutions of higher education serve students in more ways than simply fostering academic growth. University and college campuses are often the introduction people have to the societal, interpersonal, and career/field specific expectations they will be guided by after completing their degree. One way for universities to do this is through the cultivation of critical consciousness by way of encouraging engagement in diversity-related activities. This study examined associations between engagement in diversity-related activities and reported levels of critical consciousness, along with differences between students of color and White students in patterns of association.
Diversity-related experiences, including extracurricular diversity activities, positive cross-racial interactions, curriculum inclusion, and experiences of microaggressions, strongly correlated to levels of critical consciousness for students of color and White students. These findings add support to previous research that suggests diversity experiences on college campuses positively influence students. However, the findings also suggest differences in the outcomes that these diversity-related experiences links to for students of color versus White students.
Community involvement was more strongly correlated to extracurricular diversity activities for White students than students of color. In turn, social justice orientation was more strongly linked to extracurricular diversity activities, positive cross-racial interactions, and experiences of microaggressions for students of color than for White students. Linked between diversity-related experiences and multicultural openness were not moderated by ethnicity. These findings suggest that there may be differences between behaviorally based experiences/outcomes and attitudinally based experiences/outcomes for students of color vs. White students. Overall, engagement in diversity-related activities was strongly correlated with critical consciousness among all students. Findings provide guidance for curriculum development, the development and implementation of diversity-based initiatives on college campuses, and adherence to mission statements to foster more inclusive environments for all students.
The aesthetics of either/or in Samuel Beckett's novels
Creators: name: Murphy, Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This thesis is concerned basically with the philosophical and aesthetic implications of the "yes or no" dialectic in Samuel Beckett's novels. While some aspects of this problem have been noted by critics (especially Richard Coe and Hugh Kenner), their full significance has not been elaborated. This thesis is especially indebted to Hugh Kenner’s provocative discussion of "art in a closed field" in Flaubert, Joyce and Beckett: The Stoic Comedians. But a new line of exploration is opened up by developing the notion of "art in a closed field" in conjunction with Kierkegaard's philosophy of either/or and Beckett's "yes or no." Such an approach allows for an awareness of the "existential " nature of Beckett's writings and helps emphasize the urgency of the emotional appeal of Beckett's characters as they make their "choices." A key question the thesis attempts continually to answer is: what are the nature and consequences of this "choice" made within the closed field of art and life? In Murphy the “yes or no" theme is dealt with in terms of the dualisms of Cartesianism and schizophrenia. (Note: Since the completion of my thesis, G.C. Barnard's Samuel Beckett: A New Approach which deals extensively with schizophrenia has appeared. He fails, however, to relate the psychological with the philosophical dimensions of Beckett's art and thought.). My own attempt to come to terms with Beckett is eclectic - but all discussions centre around the "yes or no" conundrum. A significant contribution to the study of Beckett's thought is, I believe, made in the discussion of Watt by indicating the relevancy of Kant and Hume to Beckett's philosophy of form - his aesthetics of the absurd. Beckett's indebtedness to Enlightenment thought, especially Descartes, has been recognized since Kenner's pioneer work. But the extended discussion of this debt in terms of Kant and Hume shows the complexity of this heritage as it influences Beckett's art. Tracing still further this intellectual tradition in the trilogy Molloy, Malone Dies, The Unnamable, it is possible to discern Beckett's Kierkegaardian-like parody of Hegelian rationalism and aesthetics. The philosophical underpining of Beckett's progressive treatment of the "yes or no" dialectic is thus made clearer. The discussion of How It Is in terms of the pornographic form illustrates how Beckett's relentless pursuit of his artistic premises' leads him to a unique philosophical treatment of what is usually regarded as a sub-literary genre. The conclusion, "No's Knife," deals briefly with some of the social and cultural implications of Beckett's art. This area of Beckett criticism is most weak and is often marred by an obvious failure to study in depth Beckett's work. It is hoped that this thesis helps in part to redress this failure in Beckett criticism.
Non-Commutativity, Teleology and GRB Time Delay
Creators: name: Li, Miao
name: Pang, Yi
name: Wang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a model in which an energy-dependent time delay of a photon originates from space-time non-commutativity, the time delay is due to a noncommutative coupling between dilaton and photon. We predict that in our model, high energy photons with different momenta can either be delayed or superluminal, this may be related to a possible time delay reported by the Fermi LAT and Fermi GBM Collaborations.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, typo revised, contents and reference added
Cultivating Critical Thinking Skills: A Pedagogical Study in a Business Statistics Course
Creators: name: Bates, Jessica
name: Cheng, Sherri
name: Ferris, Mark
name: Wang, Xu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: While society expects college graduates to possess critical thinking skills to discern distorted truth, overcome ignorance, and ground action in social reality, recent studies show that traditional lecture-based collegiate instruction may not always support these outcomes. Given that critical thinking skills are essential for college students, who represent society’s future leaders and workforce, it is imperative for higher education to offer effective and comprehensive training to foster these skills. We develop a multi-faceted pedagogical design—Integrated Cogency Method (ICM)—and apply it to a statistics class. Our ICM includes writing assignments that use statistics as evidence, group discussions, and instructor-led Socratic dialogue. We implement a quasi-experimental design to uncover the impact of ICM on improving the students’ critical thinking skills. We objectively assess students’ progress in critical thinking skills by evaluating their written arguments in assignments. Specifically, we measure four critical thinking dimensions: present evidence, explain issues, articulate influence, and present conclusion. The findings from studying 63 students’ essays demonstrate that the implementation of ICM enhances students’ critical thinking skills across all four measured dimensions. We encourage instructors from various disciplines to use the ICM as a reference and create course-specific materials to enhance their students’ critical thinking skills. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Excursions to C4 vegetation recorded in the Upper Pleistocene loess of Surduk (Northern Serbia): an organic isotope geochemistry study
Creators: name: Hatté, Christine
name: Gauthier, C.
name: Rousseau, Denis-Didier
name: Antoine, Pierre
name: Fuchs, M.
name: Lagroix, F.
name: Marković, S. B.
name: Moine, Olivier
name: Sima, A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Paleoclimatology
Atmosphere

description: Loess sequences have been intensively studied to characterize past glacial climates of the 40–50° north and south latitude zones. Combining different approaches of sedimentology, magnetism, geochemistry, geochronology and malacology allows the general pattern of the climate and environment of the last interglacial–glacial cycle in Eurasia and America to be characterized. Previous studies performed in Europe have highlighted the predominance (if not the sole occurrence) of C3 vegetation. The presence of C3 plants suggests a regular distribution of precipitation along the year. Therefore, even if the mean annual precipitation remained very low during the most extensive glacial times, free water was available for more than 2 months per year. Contrarily, the δ13C record of Surduk (Serbia) clearly shows the occurrence and dominance of C4 plants during at least 4 episodes of the last glacial times at 28.0–26.0 kyr cal BP, 31.4–30.0 kyr cal BP, 53.4–44.5 kyr cal BP and 86.8–66.1 kyr. The C4 plant development is interpreted as a specific atmospheric circulation pattern that induces short and dry summer conditions. As possible explanation, we propose that during "C4 episodes", the Mediterranean Sea would have been under the combined influence of the following: (i) a strong meridional circulation unfavorable to water evaporation that reduced the Mediterranean precipitation on the Balkans; and (ii) a high positive North Atlantic Western Russian (NA/WR)-like atmospheric pattern that favored northerlies over westerlies and reduced Atlantic precipitation over the Balkans. This configuration would imply very dry summers that did not allow C3 plants to grow, thus supporting C4 development. The intra-"C4 episode" periods would have occurred under less drastic oceanic and atmospheric patterns that made the influence of westerlies on the Balkans possible.
Additional file 4 of Sphingosine kinase 1 contributes to the metastatic potential of epithelial ovarian cancer to the adipocyte-rich niche
Creators: name: Wang, Chen
name: Ye, Taiyang
name: Wang, Wenjing
name: Song, Keqi
name: Zhu, Jie
name: Dai, Lan
name: Di, Wen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 4: Fig. S3 Effect of adipocyte CM on the expression level of Snail, Slug, ZEB1 and ZEB2 in EOC cells. A SKOV3 cells were serum starved overnight and cultured in SFM or adipocyte CM for 48 h. Expression levels of Snail, Slug, ZEB1 and ZEB2 were determined by Western blot and normalized to GAPDH. Densitometric analyses were shown on the right. Experiments have been carried out with adipocytes from 2 to 3 independent donors. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). ns, no significance; two-tailed Student’s t test. B HEY cells serum starved overnight and cultured in SFM or adipocyte CM for 48 h. Expression levels of Snail, Slug, ZEB1 and ZEB2 were determined by Western blot and normalized to GAPDH. Densitometric analyses were shown on the right. Experiments have been carried out with adipocytes from 2 to 3 independent donors. Data are mean ± SD (n = 3). ns, no significance; two-tailed Student’s t test
title: Training Human-Robot Teams by Improving Transparency Through a Virtual Spectator Interface
Creators: name: Dallas, Sean
name: Hongjiao, Qiang
name: AbuHijleh, AbuHijleh
name: Jo, Wonse
name: Riegner, Kayla
name: Smereka, Jon
name: Robert, Lionel + "Jr"
name: Louie, Wing-Yue
name: Tilbury, Dawn M.
Publisher: name: ICRA 2025
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: After-action reviews
subject: human-robot teams
subject: situation awareness
subject: Virtual Spectator Interface
subject: Human-Robot Interaction
subject: human–robot collaboration
subject: robot user engagement
subject: robotics
subject: military robots
subject: human-robot teaming
subject: Information Science
subject: Social Sciences

description: After-action reviews (AARs) are professional discussions that help operators and teams enhance their task performance by analyzing completed missions with peers and professionals. Previous studies comparing different formats of AARs have focused mainly on human teams. However, the inclusion of robotic teammates brings along new challenges in understanding teammate intent and communication. Traditional AAR between human teammates may not be satisfactory for human-robot teams. To address this limitation, we propose a new training review (TR) tool, called the Virtual Spectator Interface (VSI), to enhance human-robot team performance and situational awareness (SA) in a simulated search mission. The proposed VSI primarily utilizes visual feedback to review subjects’ behavior. To examine the effectiveness of VSI, we took elements from AAR to conduct our own TR, and designed a 1 × 3 between-subjects experiment with experimental conditions: TR with (1) VSI, (2) screen recording, and (3) non-technology (only verbal descriptions). The results of our experiments demonstrated that the VSI did not result in significantly better team performance than other conditions. However, the TR with VSI led to more improvement in the subjects’ SA over the other conditions.
Deformed Maxwell Algebras and their Realizations
Creators: name: Gomis, Joaquim
name: Kamimura, Kiyoshi
name: Lukierski, Jerzy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study all possible deformations of the Maxwell algebra. In D=d+1\neq 3 dimensions there is only one-parameter deformation. The deformed algebra is isomorphic to so(d+1,1)\oplus so(d,1) or to so(d,2)\oplus so(d,1) depending on the signs of the deformation parameter. We construct in the dS (AdS) space a model of massive particle interacting with Abelian vector field via non-local Lorentz force. In D=2+1 the deformations depend on two parameters b and k. We construct a phase diagram, with two parts of the (b,k) plane with so(3,1)\oplus so(2,1) and so(2,2)\oplus so(2,1) algebras separated by a critical curve along which the algebra is isomorphic to Iso(2,1)\oplus so(2,1). We introduce in D=2+1 the Volkov-Akulov type model for a Abelian Goldstone-Nambu vector field described by a non-linear action containing as its bilinear term the free Chern-Simons Lagrangean.
description: 10 pages, Talk based on [1] in the XXV-th Max Born Symposium "Planck Scale", held in Wroclaw 29.06-3.07.2009
Light absorption properties of southeastern Bering Sea waters: Analysis, parameterization and implications for remote sensing.
Creators: name: Naik, Puneeta
name: D’Sa, Eurico J.
name: Gomes, Maria Fatima Helga D.
name: Goes, Joaquim I.
name: Mouw, Colleen B.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Light absorption
Remote sensing
Biogeography
Marine ecology

description: The absorption coefficients of phytoplankton (aPHY(λ)), non-algal particles (NAP) (aNAP(λ)) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) (aCDOM(λ)) were investigated and parameterized in the southeastern Bering Sea during July 2008. The absorption coefficients were well structured with respect to hydrographic and biogeochemical characteristics of the shelf. The highest values of aPHY(443) were observed offshore and the lowest values of aPHY(443) were found in the coastal domain, a low productivity region associated with limited macronutrients. Values of aDG(λ) (aCDOM(λ) + aNAP(λ)) revealed an east–west gradient pattern with higher values in the coastal domain, and lower values in the outer domain. Lower chlorophyll specific aPHY(λ) (a*PHY(λ)) observed relative to middle and lower latitude waters indicated a change in pigment composition and/or package effect, which was consistent with phytoplankton community structure. aCDOM(λ) was the dominant light absorbing coefficient at all wavelengths examined except at 676 nm. Modeling of remote-sensing reflectance (Rrs(λ)) and the diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd(λ)) from inherent optical properties revealed the strong influence of aCDOM(λ) on Rrs(λ) and Kd(λ). Good optical closure was achieved between modeled and radiometer measured Rrs(λ) and Kd(λ) with average percent difference of less than 25% and 19% respectively, except at red wavelengths. The aCDOM(λ) accounted for > 50% of Kd(λ) which was vertically variable. Chlorophyll-a calculated by the NASA standard chlorophyll-a algorithm (OC4.v6) was overestimated due to higher aCDOM(λ) and underestimated due to lower a*PHY(λ) at low and high concentrations of chlorophyll-a, respectively.
f-categories and Tate motives
Creators: name: Wildeshaus, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14F42 (18E10, 18E30, 19E15, 19F27)

description: Using Beilinson's theory of f-categories, we prove that the triangulated category of Tate motives over a field k is equivalent to the bounded derived category of its heart, provided that k is algebraic over the rationals. This answers a question asked by Levine.
description: 13 pages
Condensation Origin for Neoproterozoic Cap Carbonates during Deglaciation
Creators: name: Kennedy, Martin J.
name: Christie-Blick, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Submarine geology
subject: Plate tectonics

description: Kula et al. (2012) reanalyze our sequence stratigraphic interpretation and carbon isotope data for the younger Neoproterozoic cap carbonate interval in the northeastern Amadeus Basin of central Australia (Kennedy and Christie-Blick, 2011), and conclude that they are incompatible. This conclusion is unwarranted.
Britain and Malaya : imperialism as the mystification of self-image
Creators: name: Pechey, Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Heraclitus said, "Man is estranged from that with which he is most familiar." Which is to say, himself. Man, as imperialist, is particularly estranged from his true self. This, then, is the "problem" confronted in the following pages - the processes, bred of his alienation from himself, by which man distorts his perception of his human and physical environments so as to bring them into accordance with his own mystified self-image. Mid-nineteenth century England, like Heraclitus' Greece, turned out an impressive array of imperialists, among them the "Residents", to whom the administration of Her Majesty's Further Indian Empire was entrusted. Victorian England was also for the most part lacking in that quality, as Keats understood it, of Negative Capability - "that is when man is capable of being in uncertainties, Mysteries, doubts, without any irritable reaching after fact and reason." It was a quality which, by their own confession, the Residents found amply present in the Malays. Given a remarkable opportunity to "learn" this quality in the Malayan setting however, the British, as purveyors of law and order and the scientific method, by setting about making over the Malays in the image of the Victorian gentleman, almost without exception conspired to destroy precisely what might have been their salvation from the dilemmas of imperialism. I have attempted to understand how and why the British adapted their image of Malaya and the Malays to their own reality - a reality determined (for all that they might have been condemned in some circles for "going native") by their own experience as Victorian imperialists, and conceived in essential ignorance of the country and its people. Moreover, I have hypothesized that since people are to a certain extent what others make them, the Malays came to accept and to act out, in varying degrees, the British image of them. Finally, I would conclude with Charles Olsen that history itself can be shown to be of two kinds. One is negatively capable - a function of any one of us, and as such can be taken quietly and usefully. The other is power. Men can and do wilfully set in motion egotistical, sublime events. They have effect which looks like use. These are power, and history as primordial and prospective is seen to demand the recognition that the other history - which I would call ‘anti-history’ – is not good enough.
title: Improved Control of Cheese Manufacture Through Continuous Vat Monitoring of Coagulation Parameters Using The Hot Wire Method
Creators: name: LeFevre, Michael John
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: The hot wire method, with pH and temperature sensors, was evaluated to determine its usefulness and application for cheese production automation. Coagulation of milk substrate was measured with the hot wire instrument and by four other methods: Formagraph, Brookfield®, vixcometer, Omnispec™ bioactivity monitor, and Sommer and Matsen rolling bottle method. The hot wire, using the time at maximum slope, detected coagulation before methods that measure resistance to shear, and after methods that measure light reflectance. Coagulation time was not significantly different from the industry standard rolling bottle method used by Sommer and Matsen. the hot wire instrument was also used to distinguish samples that formed curd at different rates. This was accomplished by measuring the rate of temperature change of the hot wire probe during curd formation. Milk samples of varying protein, fat, and calcium concentrations were prepared to determine if the instrument could be used to predict a consistent curd cut-point. The pH level was also adjusted, and rennet additions were varied.
Coagulation was monitored simultaneously with the hot wire system and a Formagraph. All five factors (pH, calcium, fat, protein, and rennet) had significant effects on cut time estimations (CT20) on the Formagraph. Linear correlations (R2) ranging from .74 to .94 were obtained using stepwise regressions when comparing hot wire and compositional data with the Formagraph.
A Formagraph was used to measure effects of calcium, pH, and rennet changes on the coagulation properties of late lactation milk. Calcium, pH, and rennet treatments significantly affected the coagulation parameters measured by the Formagraph. However, response among the poor coagulating samples to treatments to improve coagulation was sample dependent. General composition and SDS-PAGE fractionation data could not be used as an indicator of poor or good coagulability of samples.
The hot wire method worked well for monitoring coagulation time and curd firming rate, but did not measure maximum curd firmness well. Curd firming rates determined from the hot wire data are acceptable for estimation of a curd cut time. Added benefits of the hot wire method for monitoring cheese manufacture are that stirring, coagulation, and healing of curd can also be measured. Therefore, the rates of change of important parameters, such as pH, temperature, and coagulation during critical processing steps, can easily be determined by a computer and displayed, printed out, or saved for future evaluation.
Models of rumen sulphur metabolism in sheep
Creators: name: Kandylis, Kostas
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: A preliminary investigation (Part III) was carried out to investigate the losses of volatile sulphur compounds from sheep maintained on a high sulphur ration (total N = 1.980% of dry matter, total S = 0.395% of dry matter, N/S = 5/1), following intraruminal administration of sodium [ 35 S] sulphate. Sheep were fed their rations at one hourly intervals with urea and inorganic sulphate being virtually the major sources of nitrogen and sulphur respectively in order to establish steady-state conditions in the rumen, that is constant rumen sulphide concentration and pH were maintained under these conditions. The first experiment (Part IV) was conducted with a low sulphur intake (total N = 1.417% of dry matter, total S = 0.159% of dry matter, N/S = 8.9/1) in order to gain experience with modelling and test the proposed model. For the same purpose the sheep received a high sulphur ration (total N = 1.826% of dry matter, total S = 0.321% of dry matter, N/S = 5.7/1) in the second experiment (Part V). Because of the anaerobic conditions predominant in the rumen, protein synthesis is mainly limited by available energy. In the third (Part VI) and fourth (Part VII) experiments the effect of energy intake on microbial protein synthesis and absorption rate from the rumen was studied. In the third experiment, the sheep were maintained on a high sulphur. ration (total N = 1.753% of dry matter, total S = 0.312% of dry matter, N/S = 5.6/1) and 15% of the oat hulls were replaced by starch. In the fourth experiment, the sheep received a high sulphur ration as previously (total N = 1.681% of dry matter, total S = 0.302% of dry matter, N/S = 5.6/1) and 30% of the oat hulls were replaced by starch. During the course of these experiments, recent marker techniques were used to study the flow of digesta and the sulphur flow rates from the rumen.
MEDFLOOD project: MEDiterranean sea-level change and projection for future FLOODing
Creators: name: Rovere, Alessio
name: Furlani, Stefano
name: Benjamin, Jonathan
name: Fontana, Alessandro
name: Antonioli, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Water resources development--Management
subject: Oceanography
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: MEDFLOOD is a four-year interdisciplinary project recently launched by a team of scientists working in fields concerned with Mediterranean sea-level change. The project has the timely and ambitious aim to build a spatially explicit database of relative sea levels for the Mediterranean and to use this resource to model risk and help project future flooding in and around the Mediterranean basin.
Formation and Evolution of Single Molecule Junctions
Creators: name: Kamenetska, M.
name: Koentopp, M.
name: Whalley, A. C.
name: Park, Y. S.
name: Steigerwald, M. L.
name: Nuckolls, C.
name: Hybertsen, M. S.
name: Venkataraman, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the formation and evolution statistics of single molecule junctions bonded to gold electrodes using amine, methyl sulfide and dimethyl phosphine link groups by measuring conductance as a function of junction elongation. For each link, maximum elongation and formation probability increase with molecular length, strongly suggesting that processes other than just metal-molecule bond breakage play a key role in junction evolution under stress. Density functional theory calculations of adiabatic trajectories show sequences of atomic-scale changes in junction structure, including shifts in attachment point, that account for the long conductance plateau lengths observed.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, submitted
A Pacific Centennial Oscillation Predicted by Coupled GCMs
Creators: name: Karnauskas, Kristopher B.
name: Smerdon, Jason E.
name: Seager, Richard
name: González-Rouco, Jesús Fidel
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Climatic changes
Paleoclimatology
Atmosphere

description: Internal climate variability at the centennial time scale is investigated using long control integrations from three state-of-the-art global coupled general circulation models. In the absence of external forcing, all three models produce centennial variability in the mean zonal sea surface temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) gradients in the equatorial Pacific with counterparts in the extratropics. The centennial pattern in the tropical Pacific is dissimilar to that of the interannual El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), in that the most prominent expression in temperature is found beneath the surface of the western Pacific warm pool. Some global repercussions nevertheless are analogous, such as a hemispherically symmetric atmospheric wave pattern of alternating highs and lows. Centennial variability in western equatorial Pacific SST is a result of the strong asymmetry of interannual ocean heat content anomalies, while the eastern equatorial Pacific exhibits a lagged, Bjerknes-like response to temperature and convection in the west. The extratropical counterpart is shown to be a flux-driven response to the hemispherically symmetric circulation anomalies emanating from the tropical Pacific. Significant centennial-length trends in the zonal SST and SLP gradients rivaling those estimated from observations and model simulations forced with increasing CO₂ appear to be inherent features of the internal climate dynamics simulated by all three models. Unforced variability and trends on the centennial time scale therefore need to be addressed in estimated uncertainties, beyond more traditional signal-to-noise estimates that do not account for natural variability on the centennial time scale.
Connection with parallel totally skew-symmetric torsion on almost complex manifolds with Norden metric
Creators: name: Mekerov, Dimitar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15, 53B05, 53C50, 22E60

description: In the present work we consider an almost complex manifold with Norden metric (i.e. a metric with respect to which the almost complex structure is an antiisometry). On such a manifold we study a linear connection preserving the almost complex structure and the metric and having a totally skew-symmetric torsion tensor. We consider the case when the manifold admits a connection with parallel totally skew-symmetric torsion and the case when such connection has a Kaehler curvature tensor. We get necessary and sufficient conditions for an isotropic Kaehler manifold with Norden metric.
description: 8 pages
title: Effects of Homogenization and Ultra-high Temperature Processing on the Properties of Whole Milk Concentrated by a Multiple-Membrane Separation System
Creators: name: Chang, Chien-Ti
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: Three different concentrated whole milks (2.5x, 2.75x, and 3.0x) were produced by mixing equal parts of ultrafiltration retentate of whole milk and reverse osmosis retentate of the UF milk permeate. The concentrated whole milks were ultra-high temperature processed by direct steam injection (140.6°C) followed by flash cooling and two-stage homogenization pressures (2500/500 psi, 3500/700 psi, or 4500/900 psi). The milk concentrates were packaged aseptically and stored at room temperature. On the other hand, the milk concentrates produced by the RO single membrane system with the same concentration levels served as the control. Physicochemical properties of the milks were surveyed every 2 weeks during a 6-month storage period.
The milk concentrates combined from the blending of multiple-membrane retentates showed the expeected concentrations of all major nutrients except nonprotein nitrogen. A 20% to 32% shortage of nonprotein nitrogen permeated through the RO membrane during the production of the concentrated whole milks. Over the 6 months' storage, nonprotein nitrogen content did not significantly change in the 2.5x, 2.75x, and 3.0x concentrated whole milks. No microbial growth or enzyme activity was measured or observed in the samples collected. Milk concentrated 2.5x with 4500/900psi homogenization pressure did not show cream plug formation during the first 5 months of storage. Milk concentrated 2.75x with 4500/900 psi homogenization pressure had the approximate cream plug level of the 2.5x concentrated milk at 4 months of storage. Milk concentrated 3.0x with 4500/900 psi homegenization pressure showed cream plugging at 2.5 months. As higher homogenization pressure was applied to the milk concentrates, less creaming occurred at all milk concentration levels.
Homogenization at all pressures did not reduce or eliminate sedimentation during storage. The milk concentrates from the control RO membrane processing showed less sedimentation than did the concentrates from the multiple membrane system at the same homogenization pressure (2500/500 psi). the higher the concentration of total milk solids, the more sedimentation occurred. Viscosity was not affected by homogenization pressure in any of the concentrated whole milks.
Intensification of Northern Hemisphere subtropical highs in a warming climate
Creators: name: Li, Wenhong
name: Li, Laifang
name: Ting, Mingfang
name: Liu, Yimin
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Meteorology
Climatic changes

description: Semi-permanent high-pressure systems over the subtropical oceans, known as subtropical highs, influence atmospheric circulation, as well as global climate. For instance, subtropical highs largely determine the location of the world’s subtropical deserts, the zones of Mediterranean climate and the tracks of tropical cyclones. The intensity of two such high-pressure systems, present over the Northern Hemisphere oceans during the summer, has changed in recent years. However, whether such changes are related to climate warming remains unclear. Here, we use climate model simulations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report, reanalysis data from the 40-year European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, and an idealized general circulation model, to assess future changes in the intensity of summertime subtropical highs over the Northern Hemisphere oceans. The simulations suggest that these summertime highs will intensify in the twenty-first century as a result of an increase in atmospheric greenhouse-gas concentrations. We further show that the intensification of subtropical highs is predominantly caused by an increase in thermal contrast between the land and ocean. We suggest that summertime near-surface subtropical highs could play an increasingly important role in regional climate and hydrological extremes in the future.
title: Consumption of Iron-Fortified Cheese and Lipid Peroxidation in Females
Creators: name: Giunti, Gene Joseph
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1994

description: Dairy products are important sources of calcium and other nutrients but are a poor source of dietary iron. Cheese comprises a substantial portion of dairy food consumption and has been determined an appropriate medium for iron-fortification. However, iron may promote the potentially harmful process in food and biological systems known as lipid peroxidation. Therefore, the safety of consuming iron-fortified cheese was examined.
Commercial-scale batches of Cheddar cheese were iron-fortified to a level of two milligrams of iron per ounce with either ferric chloride, ferric-casein complex, or ferric-whey protein complex. Fifty-four premenopausal females were divided into three treatment groups and supplemented one and one-half ounces of iron-fortified Cheddar cheese into their normal diet on a daily basis for six consecutive weeks. Lipid peroxidation was measured as thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum, urine, and feces. A significant increase in serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances occurred in all treatment groups sixteen days after initiation of iron-fortified cheese consumption. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum returned to baseline levels after thirty days of iron-fortified cheese consumption. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum, urine, and feces did not differ among iron-fortification methods.
Average daily intake of iron during the six weeks of iron-fortified cheese consumption significantly increased above baseline intake levels without cheese by the approximate amount of iron fortified into the cheese. Increased dietary iron intakes were not correlated with increased lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in serum, urine, or feces.
These results indicated that the daily consumption of iron-fortified cheese increased dietary iron intake and produced a transient increase in lipid peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in human serum.
title: Effects of Nonfat Dry Milk, Whey Protein Concentrate, and Calcium Caseinate on Color and Texture of Turkey Rolls
Creators: name: Dobson, Brent Neeley
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1994

description: Two studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of milk solids on restructured and emulsified turkey rolls. the milk solids used were nonfat dry milk (NFDM), whey protein concentrate (WPC), and calcium caseinate (CC). Turkey rolls consisted of 100% breast meat or 90:10 or 70:30 breast-to-thigh, salt (1%), water (10%), internal or cluster fat (10%), and 3% of various milk solids (WPC, NFDM, CC).
The objectives of these studies were to 1) determine which ratio between light and dark meat is preferred; 2) determine which of milk solids evaluated will permit the highest level of dark meat incorporation into evaluated products; 3) determine if there is a mechanism by which milk proteins lighten poultry meat; and 4) determine which milk protein produces the best bind between meat pieces. Panelists were used in the first study to evaluate cooked meat attributes of color intensity, color uniformity, cohesiveness, tenderness, roasted turkey flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptability. The attributes were rated on a seven-point scale. Rolls made with WPC or NFDM scored significantly higher for color uniformity, cohesiveness, roasted turkey flavor, and overall acceptability than rolls made with CC. No differences were noted among treatments for juiciness or toughness with rolls of the same light-to-dark meat ratio. However, the 90:10 rolls were rated significantly more tender than the rolls made with the 70:30 ratio. Rolls containing milk solids had significantly higher yields than the controls.
In the second study, rolls were made using the preferred meat ratio (90:10 breast:thigh meat). NFDM and WPC were used as binders, but not CC, since in the first study it was an ineffective binding agent. The second study showed that no whitening or lightening occurred in turkey rolls. This researcher also found that both NFDM and WPC increased bind strength between meat pieces. Controls made without added milk solids had less bind strength between the meat particles. Meat particle size also affected bind strength in finished products, with finely chopped rolls having higher bind strength than coarsely ground rolls. Moreover, the second study had unexpected results indicating that NFDM will prevent development of pink discoloration during refrigerated storage. The penetrometer used for bind measurements is described.