cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Migration and Income Diversification Evidence from Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Wouterse, Fleur
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Wouterse, Fleur
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
International Development
Labor and Human Capital

description: This paper uses limited-dependent variable methods and new data from Burkina Faso to test the impact of inter-continental and continental migration on activity choice and incomes in rural households. Econometric evidence supports our theoretical expectation that the impact of emigration varies both by migrant destination and production activity. We find no evidence of either positive or negative effects of continental migration on agricultural or livestock activities, and only a small negative impact on non-farm activities. However, inter-continental migration, which tends to be long term and generates significantly larger remittances, stimulates livestock production while being negatively associated with both staple and non-farm activities.
Josephson radiation from nonlinear dynamics of Majorana zero modes
Creators: name: Feng, Jia-Jin
name: Huang, Zhao
name: Wang, Zhi
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Josephson radiation is a powerful method to probe Majorana zero modes in topological superconductors. Recently, Josephson radiation with half the Josephson frequency has been experimentally observed in a HgTe-based junction, possibly from Majorana zero modes. However, this radiation vanishes above a critical voltage, sharply contradicting previous theoretical results. In this work, we theoretically obtain a radiation spectrum quantitatively in agreement with the experiment after including the nonlinear dynamics of the Majorana states into the standard resistively shunted junction model. We further predict two new structures of the radiation spectrum for future experimental verification: an interrupted emission line and a chaotic regime. We develop a fixed-point analysis to understand all these features. Our results resolve an apparent discrepancy between theory and experiments, and will inspire reexamination of structures in radiation spectra of various topological Josephson junctions.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
title: Feedback, Gender, and Choking under Pressure: Evidence from Alpine Skiing
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Bühren, Christoph
name: Gschwend, Martin
name: Krumer, Alex
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: panel data
Economics
Wirtschaft
choking under pressure
Alpine skiing
gender differences

description: In alpine skiing competitions, one of the coaches of the participating countries sets the course. This may provide an advantage, but it may also exert higher pressure on the racers. We analyze 40,150 men’s and 36,968 women’s performances from all competitions in alpine skiing’s Slalom, Giant Slalom, and Super Giant disciplines that took place in the World Cups, World Championships, and Olympic Games between the 2001-02 and 2017-2018 seasons. We compare the performance of racers when competing on a course that was set by their compatriot to the performance of the same racers in the same season when the course was set by a coach from another country. Having a compatriot course setter only has an effect in the second (and decisive) run of the most technical discipline Slalom. We find that men fail significantly more often to complete their run when their compatriots set the course, whereas women fail significantly less in the same situation. The most likely drivers of our results relate to gender differences in response to feedback and choking under pressure in skill-based tasks.
Soil organic carbon predictions in Subarctic Greenland by visible–near infrared spectroscopy
Creators: name: M. Ogrič
name: M. Knadel
name: S. M. Kristiansen
name: Y. Peng
name: L. W. De Jonge
name: K. Adhikari
name: M. H. Greve
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Release of carbon from high-latitude soils to the atmosphere may have significant effects on Earth’s climate. In this contribution, we evaluate visible–near-infrared spectroscopy (vis-NIRS) as a time- and cost-efficient tool for assessing soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations in South Greenland. Soil samples were collected at two sites and analyzed with vis-NIRS. We used partial least square regression (PLS-R) modeling to predict SOC from vis-NIRS spectra referenced against in situ dry combustion measurements. The ability of our approach was validated in three setups: (1) calibration and validation data sets from the same location, (2) calibration and validation data sets from different locations, and (3) the same setup as in (2) with the calibration model enlarged with few samples from the opposite target area. Vis-NIRS predictions were successful in setup 1 (R2 = 0.95, root mean square error of prediction [RMSEP] = 1.80 percent and R2 = 0.82, RMSEP = 0.64 percent). Predictions in setup 2 had higher errors (R2 = 0.90, RMSEP = 7.13 percent and R2 = 0.78, RMSEP = 2.82 percent). In setup 3, the results were again improved (R2 = 0.95, RMSEP = 2.03 percent and R2 = 0.77, RMSEP = 2.14 percent). We conclude that vis-NIRS can obtain good results predicting SOC concentrations across two subarctic ecosystems, when the calibration models are augmented with few samples from the target site. Future efforts should be made toward determination of SOC stocks to constrain soil–atmosphere carbon exchange.
Labor Allocation to Non-Timber Forest Products Extraction: The Case of Lacandona Rainforest Community
Creators: name: Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Labor and Human Capital
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The commercial extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFP) from tropical forests has been considered as a strategy to promote forest conservation and at the same time alleviate poverty. However, recent studies produce conflicting findings regarding the effect of NTFP extraction on conservation and poverty alleviation while highlighting the importance of understanding the economic logic underlying households’ decisions to extract NTFPs. This paper analyzes the determinants of household participation in the extraction of xate palm, a non-timber forest product, in the Lacandona Rainforest (Selva Lacandona). Results show that low opportunity costs and low human capital, two strong correlates of rural poverty, significantly explain individuals’ participation in xate extraction.
Does Natural Resource Extraction Mitigate Poverty and Inequality? Evidence from Rural Mexico and a Lacadona Rainforest Community
Creators: name: Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro
name: Mora, Jorge
name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro
name: Mora, Jorge
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development
Environmental Economics and Policy
Labor and Human Capital

description: The potential importance of natural resources for the livelihood of poor rural households has long been recognized but seldom quantified and analyzed. In this paper we apply poverty and inequality measures to national and community level data sets to explore the impacts of resource extraction on rural welfare. Our findings suggest that natural resource extraction reduces both income inequality and poverty. Results from a simulation analysis at the community level indicate that poverty may be reduced, in the short-run, by increases in the price of a non-timber forest product
BeppoSAX observations of LINER-2 galaxies
Creators: name: Georgantopoulos, I.
name: Panessa, F.
name: Akylas, A.
name: Zezas, A.
name: Cappi, M.
name: Comastri, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present BeppoSAX observations of 6 ``type-2'' LINER and ``transition'' galaxies (NGC3379, NGC3627, NGC4125, NGC4374, NGC5195 and NGC5879)from the Ho et al. (1997) spectroscopic sample of nearby galaxies. All objects are detected in the 2-10 keV band, having luminosities in the range L(2-10 keV) ~ 1x10^{39}- 1x10^{40} erg s-1. The PDS upper limits above 10 keV place constraints on the presence of a heavily obscured AGN in the case of NGC3379 and NGC4125. No significant variability is detected in any of the objects. The spectra are described in most cases by a simple power-law model with a spectral slope of 1.7-2.5 while there is evidence neither for a significant absorption above the Galactic nor for an FeK emission line. Therefore, based on the spectral properties alone, it is difficult to differentiate between a low-luminosity AGN or a star-forming galaxy scenario. However, imaging observations of NGC3627 and NGC5195 with Chandra ACIS-S reveal very weak nuclear sources while most of the X-ray flux originates either in off-nuclear point sources or in diffuse emission. The above clearly argue in favour of a star-forming origin for the bulk of the X-ray emission, at least in the above two sources.
description: 10 pages, to appear in A&A
Valuing the Numismatic Legacy of Alexander the Great
Creators: name: Taylor, J. Edward
name: Taylor, J. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis
Financial Economics
Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession

description: The conquests of Alexander III (“The Great”) transformed the economic as well as political landscape of ancient Greece and Persia. It produced a prolific coinage, part of which survives today. This paper uses a hedonic price modeling approach to analyze auction prices of the major coin type of Alexander the Great. The findings make it possible to identify the effects of specific coin characteristics on realized auction prices, sellers’ reservation prices (auction price estimates), discrepancies between realized and estimated prices, and the variability of auction prices around predicted prices, or auction price surprise. The findings reveal that similar considerations shape estimated and realized prices, but bidders consistently value positive coin characteristics more highly than do sellers. Realized auction prices, the difference between realized and estimated prices, and auction price surprise are increasing over time, particularly for the highest grade coins.
title: The Effect of Immigration on the German Housing Market
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Unal, Umut
name: Hayo, Bernd
name: Erol, Isil
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Instrumental variable
Housing prices
IV quantile regression
German housing market
Economics
Wirtschaft
Rents
Immigration

description: This study provides evidence of the causal impact of immigration on housing prices and rents using an extensive dataset from Germany that covers 382 administrative districts over the period 2004−2020. Employing a panel-data approach and a manually constructed Bartik instrument, we show that international migration has a significantly positive short-term effect on flat prices and rents. House prices are not significantly affected. We estimate that an increase in international migration of 1% of the initial district population causes a hike in flat prices of up to 3% as well as a hike in flat rents of about 1%. The increase in flat prices is more than twice as high as this at the lower end of the market, whereas the flat rental market demonstrates a more linear response. We also discover that immigration’s impact on flat prices and rents does not significantly differ across rural and urban areas within the country. .
A probabilistic protocol for the assessment of transition and control
Creators: name: Pershin, Anton
name: Beaume, Cedric
name: Tobias, Steven M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transition to turbulence dramatically alters the properties of fluid flows. In most canonical shear flows, the laminar flow is linearly stable and a finite-amplitude perturbation is necessary to trigger transition. Controlling transition to turbulence is achieved via the broadening or narrowing of the basin of attraction of the laminar flow. In this paper, a novel methodology to assess the robustness of the laminar flow and the efficiency of control strategies is introduced. It relies on the statistical sampling of the phase space neighborhood around the laminar flow in order to assess the transition probability of perturbations as a function of their energy. This approach is applied to a canonical flow (plane Couette flow) and provides invaluable insight: in the presence of the chosen control, transition is significantly suppressed whereas plausible scalar indicators of the nonlinear stability of the flow, such as the edge state energy, do not provide conclusive predictions. The methodology presented here in the context of transition to turbulence is applicable to any nonlinear system displaying finite-amplitude instability.
Capillary and Transport Phenomena of Liquid Drops Spreading on Miscible Liquid Subphases
Creators: name: Stetten, Amy
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 20399 Classical Physics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has long been known that drops of soluble surfactant solution induce Marangoni flows at air-liquid interfaces. These surfactant drops create a surface tension gradient, which causes an outward convective flow at the
fluid interface. In this thesis, we show that aqueous
phospholipid dispersions may be used for this same purpose. In aqueous dispersions, phospholipids aggregate into vesicles that are not surface-active, so these dispersions do not initiate Marangoni flow. However, aerosolization of these dispersions causes the vesicles to
shear open, allowing access to the surface-active lipid monomer within. Deposition of lipid via aerosolization leads to surface tensions as low as 1 mN/m on water and can induce spreading on entangled polymer subphases even in the presence of pre-deposited phospholipid layers. Most methods for introducing a surfactant solution to a liquid subphase involve dropwise deposition, either by pipette or by aerosol. In order to better understand the behavior of these miscible drop/subphase systems, we study drops of solvent as they slowly di ffuse into their polymer solution subphase. Previous work has shown that, even when two fluids
are completely miscible, they can maintain a detectable \e effective interface" for long times. Eff ective interfacial tension has been probed using a number of methods, but that work has not extended to the three-phase system of a fluid drop on top of a miscible pool. By observing drop shapes, we show that these drops obey immiscible wetting conditions, that their shapes obey the augmented Young-Laplace equation, and that the low density di fference of these
systems provides a unique ability to probe very small pressures across the drops. The ability to use phospholipids naturally found in the lung as spreading agents on low
surface tension surfaces of macromolecular solutions, in tandem with an understanding of the eff ective interfaces controlling drop shape, yields a deeper understanding of how we might improve surfactant-driven delivery of therapeutic agents along the complex airway surfaces in the lung.
WIYN Open Cluster Study XI: WIYN 3.5m Deep Photometry of M35 (NGC 2168)
Creators: name: von Hippel, Ted
name: Steinhauer, Aaron
name: Sarajedini, Ata
name: Deliyannis, Constantine P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep BVI observations of the core of M35 and a nearby comparison field obtained at the WIYN 3.5m telescope under excellent seeing. These observations display the lower main sequence in BV and VI CMDs down to V = 23.3 and 24.6, respectively. At these faint magnitudes background field stars are far more numerous than the cluster stars, yet by using a smoothing technique and CMD density distribution subtraction we recover the cluster fiducial main sequence and luminosity function to V = 24.6. We find the location of the main sequence in these CMDs to be consistent with earlier work on other open clusters, specifically NGC 188, NGC 2420, and NGC 2477. We compare these open cluster fiducial sequences to stellar models by Baraffe et al. (1998), Siess et al. (2000), Girardi et al. (2000), and Yi et al. (2001) and find that the models are too blue in both B-V and V-I for stars below ~0.4 Mo. M35 contains stars to the limit of the extracted main sequence, at M ~ 0.10-0.15 Mo, suggesting that M35 may harbor a large number of brown dwarfs, which should be easy targets for near-IR instrumentation on 8-10m telescopes. We also identify a new candidate white dwarf in M35 at V = 21.36 +- 0.01. Depending on which WD models are used to interpret this cluster candidate, it is either a very high mass WD (1.05 +- 0.05 Mo) somewhat older (0.19-0.26 Gyr, 3-4 sigma) than our best isochrone age (150 Myr), or it is a modestly massive WD (0.67-0.78 Mo) much too old (0.42-0.83 Gyr) to belong to the cluster.
description: 28 pages + 24 figures; to be published in the Sept, 2002 AJ
Additional file 1 of Genome-wide identification of Brassicaceae B-BOX genes and molecular characterization of their transcriptional responses to various nutrient stresses in allotetraploid rapeseed
Creators: name: Zheng, Li-wei
name: Ma, Sheng-jie
name: Zhou, Ting
name: Yue, Cai-peng
name: Hua, Ying-peng
name: Huang, Jin-yong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Chromosomal location of BBX genes on Brassicaceae chromosomes. Figure S1–1 The location of BBX genes on B. napus chromosomes. Figure S1–2 The location of BBX genes on B. oleracea chromosomes. Figure S1–3 The location of BBX genes on B. rapa chromosomes and scaffold. Figure S1–4 The location of BBX genes on C. rubella scaffolds. Figure S1–5 The location of BBX genes on C. sativa chromosomes and scaffold. Figure S1–6 Chromosomal location of B. nigra BBX genes. Figure S1–7 Chromosomal location of B.juncea BBX genes. Figure S1–8 Chromosomal location of B. carinata BBX genes.
Optimization and Physics: On the satisfiability of random Boolean formulae
Creators: name: Mezard, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: LECTURE GIVEN AT TH2002. Given a set of Boolean variables, and some constraints between them, is it possible to find a configuration of the variables which satisfies all constraints? This problem, which is at the heart of combinatorial optimization and computational complexity theory, is used as a guide to show the convergence between these fields and the statistical physics of disordered systems. New results on satisfiability, both on the theoretical and practical side, can be obtained thanks to the use of physics concepts and methods.
description: Proceedings of the conference TH2002. 8 pages, 4 figures. Corrected typos
The mechanics of the soundpost in the violin
Creators: name: Nadarajah, Myles Cameron
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: violin acoustics
mechanics
dynamics
vibration
bowed string instruments
soundpost

description: The violin soundpost, a small cylindrical rod of wood wedged between the front and back plates of the violin body, serves a crucial — if incompletely understood — role in violin acoustics. Although violin makers take great care to ensure its set-up optimises the instrument’s sound, our understanding of its mechanics and precise acoustical function is still evolving. This thesis closely examines all aspects of soundpost set-up — specifically, tightness, fit, and position — and draws on the foundations of existing research to develop a new simplified theoretical model of the soundpost that substantially improves its modelling capability. The model, in which the tightness and fit of the soundpost are modelled by axial and bending springs that couple the soundpost to the plates, has been used to carry out extensive and systematic parameter studies of the effect of soundpost coupling strength on the dynamics of the plates and on the soundpost itself. Representing a significant addition to previous modelling, a simplified model of the violin bridge is also developed and used in conjunction with our model of the violin body and soundpost. Providing for the ability to locate the driving force at each of the four strings, it illuminates questions pertaining to the ‘balance of the strings’. We examine results which demonstrate that driving at the different strings influences the magnitude of the body resonances. The radiated sound pressure generated by the model is estimated and used to assess ‘loudness’ for a given configuration of the soundpost. We conduct extensive parameter studies involving variations to the stiffness of the axial and bending springs, and to the location of the soundpost, to demonstrate the ‘optimal’ location for the soundpost at which radiated sound pressure is maximised. It is concluded that an asymmetrically placed soundpost is favourable in terms of boosting sound radiation at low frequencies, demonstrating agreement with the positioning of the soundpost in a real violin. Finally, a physical model of a simplified violin body is developed and compared to our theoretical model. The bending vibration of the soundpost is directly measured by an accelerometer, and a specially designed adjustable soundpost is used to investigate the effect of ‘tightness’ on the dynamics of the body.
description: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
The CDFII Time-Of-Flight Detector and Impact on Beauty Flavor Tagging
Creators: name: Grozis, C.
name: Kephart, R.
name: Stanek, R.
name: Kim, D. H.
name: Kim, M. S.
name: Oh, Y.
name: Kim, Y. K.
name: Vermendi, G.
name: Anikeev, K.
name: Bauer, G.
name: Furic, I. K.
name: Korn, A.
name: Kravchenko, I.
name: Mulhearn, M.
name: Paus, Ch.
name: Pavlon, S.
name: Sumorok, K.
name: Chen, C.
name: Jones, M.
name: Kononenko, W.
name: Kroll, J.
name: Mayers, G. M.
name: Newcomer, M.
name: Oldeman, R. G. C.
name: Usynin, D.
name: Van Berg, R.
name: Bellettini, G.
name: Cerri, C.
name: Menzione, A.
name: Vataga, E.
name: Dececco, S.
name: Depedis, D.
name: Dionisi, C.
name: Giagu, S.
name: DiGirolamo, A.
name: Rescigno, M.
name: Zanello, L.
name: Cabrera, S.
name: Fernandez, J.
name: Gomez, G.
name: Piedra, J.
name: Rodrigo, T.
name: Ruiz, A.
name: Vila, I.
name: Vilar, R.
name: Ahn, M.
name: Kim, B. J.
name: Kim, S. B.
name: Cho, I.
name: Lee, J.
name: Yu, I.
name: Kaneko, H.
name: Kazama, A.
name: Kim, S.
name: Sato, K.
name: Sato, K.
name: Ukegawa, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new CDFII detector incorporates a Time-of-Flight detector (TOF), employing plastic scintillator bars and fine-mesh photomultipliers. Since August 2001 the TOF system has been fully instrumented and integrated into the CDFII data acquisition system. With a design goal of $100 ps$ resolution the TOF system will provide at least two standard deviations separation between $K^{\pm}$ and $π^{\pm}$ for momenta $p<1.6 GeV/c$, complementing low momentum particle identification by means of the specific ionization energy loss measured in the drift chamber. We describe the design of the TOF detector and discuss the current status of its calibration and initial performances. Finally we review the expected impact of the TOF detector in the flavor tagging of neutral $B_S$ meson.
description: Pub. Proceedings Beauty2002, 8th Conference on B-Physics at Hadron machines, presented by S.Giagu (revison: author list updated)
title: Pass-through of Temporary Fuel Tax Reductions: Evidence from Europe
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Drolsbach, Chiara
name: Gail, MMauriceaximilian
name: Klotz, Phil-Andrian
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Environmental taxes
Economics
Wirtschaft
Fuel Prices
Pass-through
Staggered DiD

description: Several European countries have implemented temporarily fuel tax reductions in 2022 to relieve the financial burden on their citizens. This paper provides estimates of the pass-through rates as well as the effect on retail margins for France, Germany and Italy. Using a unique data set containing daily consumer prices for gasoline and diesel, we employ a staggered Difference-in-Differences (DiD) design. Our results show a heterogeneous pass-through of the fuel tax reductions depending on the country and on the type of fuel. Nevertheless, we find a full- or even over-shifting of the tax cuts in all three countries. These findings also have important implications for the effective design of unconventional fiscal policy as well as for competition policy in the fuel market.
The geometry of N=4 twisted string
Creators: name: Bellucci, Stefano
name: Deriglazov, Alexei
name: Galajinsky, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare N=2 string and N=4 topological string within the framework of the sigma model approach. Being classically equivalent on a flat background, the theories are shown to lead to different geometries when put in a curved space. In contrast to the well studied Kaehler geometry characterising the former case, in the latter case a manifold has to admit a covariantly constant holomorphic two-form in order to support an N=4 twisted supersymmetry. This restricts the holonomy group to be a subgroup of SU(1,1) and leads to a Ricci--flat manifold. We speculate that, the N=4 topological formalism is an appropriate framework to smooth down ultraviolet divergences intrinsic to the N=2 theory.
description: 20 pages, LaTex
Computational Rational Engineering and Development: Synergies and Opportunities
Creators: name: Sala, Ramses
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Research and development in computer technology and computational methods have resulted in a wide variety of valuable tools for Computer-Aided Engineering (CAE) and Industrial Engineering. However, despite the exponential increase in computational capabilities and Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, many of the visionary perspectives on cybernetic automation of design, engineering, and development have not been successfully pursued or realized yet. While contemporary research trends and movements such as Industry 4.0 primarily target progress by connected automation in manufacturing and production, the objective of this paper is to survey progress and formulate perspectives targeted on the automation and autonomization of engineering development processes. Based on an interdisciplinary mini-review, this work identifies open challenges, synergies, and research opportunities towards the realization of resource-efficient cooperative engineering and development systems. In order to go beyond conventional human-centered, tool-based CAE approaches and realize Computational Intelligence Driven Development processes, it is suggested to extend the framework of Computational Rationality to challenges in design, engineering and development.
description: This article will be published as: Sala R. (2022) Computational Rational Engineering and Development: Synergies and Opportunities. IntelliSys 2021: Intelligent Systems and Applications. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 294. pp 744-763. Springer, Cham
Underwriting Area-based Yield Insurance to Crowd- in Credit Supply Demand
Creators: name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Galarza, Francisco B.
name: Boucher, Steve
name: Carter, Michael R.
name: Galarza, Francisco B.
name: Boucher, Steve
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Financial Economics
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Recent theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that risk (especially covariant risk that is correlated across producers) may discourage both the supply of agricultural credit and the willingness of small holders to utilize available credit and enjoy the higher expected incomes credit could make available to them. One possible resolution to this problem is to remove risk from the system by independently insuring it. However, conventional (all hazard) crop insurance has in almost every instance been rendered financially unsustainable by moral hazard and adverse selection problems. This paper instead analyzes two index-based insurance schemes, one based on a weather index, and a second based on measured average yields. While these index insurance products do not protect the farmer from all risks, our econometric analysis (which is based on data from the north coast of Peru) shows that they could have substantial value to the producer and could also crowd-in credit supply from lenders reluctant to carry too much covariant risk in their loan portfolios. We also show that insurance based on measured yields is markedly superior to a weather index (for both borrowers and lenders). We close by arguing that present and past public good failures justify public intervention in this area, and analyze the feasibility of a public scheme to initially underwrite the costs and uncertainties associated with area-based yield insurance.
Additional file 3 of Tumor-derived exosomal KPNA2 activates fibroblasts and interacts with KIFC1 to promote bladder cancer progression, a process inhibited by miR-26b-5p
Creators: name: Yin, Cong
name: Liufu, Cen
name: Ye, Shuai
name: Zhu, Tao
name: Jiang, Jiahao
name: Wang, Mingxia
name: Zhou, Liqun
name: Yao, Lin
name: Wang, Yan
name: Shi, Bentao
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 3.
title: Measuring Gender Differences in Personalities through Natural Language in the Labor Force: Application of the 5-Factor Model
title: MAGKS - Joint Discussion Paper Series in Economics
Creators: name: Eugenidis, Dania
name: Lenz, David
Publisher: name: Philipps-Universität Marburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: Economics
Wirtschaft
Gender Equality
Germany
Firm level studies
Five Factor Model
Web Mining

description: Gender stereotypes still play a major role in the perception and representation of people in the workplace. Measuring the effects of those stereotypes quantitatively is very hard though. Traditional methods, such as questionnaires, struggle to provide the full picture, for example through misunderstanding, omission or incorrect answering of questions. However, evidence-based policy making requires accurate indicators of gender inequalities to promote equality. We present a framework measuring gender stereotypes on company level using publicly available big data. Specifically, we analyse the one million websites of all German companies using natural language processing with regard to differences in their portrayal of genders through the use of certain terms. We then contextualize the gender stereotype measures following the personality traits of the Five Factor Model and their sublevels. Statistical analysis of the results indicates significant stereotypes within personality traits for large portions of the sample. The qualitative differences in gender presentation are mostly consistent with those found in the literature, which serves as a validation for the presented framework. The presented approach complements traditional quantitative measurement techniques by capturing a mainly latent level of inequality. The fully automated and comprehensive analysis of the linguistic portrayal of gender stereotypes in a corporate context is at low cost, with little delay and at a granular basis.
Primary and secondary anti-viral response captured by the dynamics and phenotype of individual T cell clones
Creators: name: Minervina, Anastasia A.
name: Pogorelyy, Mikhail V.
name: Komech, Ekaterina A.
name: Karnaukhov, Vadim K.
name: Bacher, Petra
name: Rosati, Elisa
name: Franke, Andre
name: Chudakov, Dmitriy M.
name: Mamedov, Ilgar Z.
name: Lebedev, Yuri B.
name: Mora, Thierry
name: Walczak, Aleksandra M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The diverse repertoire of T-cell receptors (TCR) plays a key role in the adaptive immune response to infections. Previous studies show that secondary responses to the yellow fever vaccine - the model for acute infection in humans - are weaker than primary ones, but only quantitative measurements can describe the concentration changes and lineage fates for distinct T-cell clones in vivo over time. Using TCR alpha and beta repertoire sequencing for T-cell subsets, as well as single-cell RNAseq and TCRseq, we track the concentrations and phenotypes of individual T-cell clones in response to primary and secondary yellow fever immunization showing their large diversity. We confirm the secondary response is an order of magnitude weaker, albeit $\sim10$ days faster than the primary one. Estimating the fraction of the T-cell response directed against the single immunodominant epitope, we identify the sequence features of TCRs that define the high precursor frequency of the two major TCR motifs specific for this particular epitope. We also show the consistency of clonal expansion dynamics between bulk alpha and beta repertoires, using a new methodology to reconstruct alpha-beta pairings from clonal trajectories.
Non-equilibrium dynamics of dipole-coupled internal states in cold gases
Creators: name: Parmee, Christopher
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open Quantum systems
Dipole Interactions
Cold atom gases
Super-radiance and subradiance
Long-range interactions

description: In this thesis, we consider the forms of non-equilibrium phenomena that can arise in atoms or polar molecules trapped in a deep optical lattice and coupled by dipolar internal degrees of freedom. We specifically focus on only two internal states, which results in the systems studied behaving as spin$-1/2$ models with long-range interactions. We first study a closed system with both static and resonant near-field dipole interactions under an external drive. By studying the uniform mean-field dynamics of the system, we find the dynamics are given by Rabi oscillations, with a bifurcation in the dynamics as a function of drive strength between small scale and large scale oscillations. Analysing the stability of these oscillations to small fluctuations reveals that interactions tend to cause the oscillations to decohere. However, we find parameter regimes where coherent oscillations can persist for high enough intensity drive. We then consider the effects of an environment on the non-equilibrium dynamics of the near-field dipole model. We find that within the mean-field approximation, an environment causes the system to relax to many novel steady state spin configurations, such as spin density waves, antiferromagnetism and long-time oscillations, as well as bistabilities between these phases. To assess the validity of the mean-field approximation, we compare our mean-field results to small quantum systems. We carry out a similar analysis on a system with far-field dipole interactions, where it is necessary to introduce nonlocal dissipation, which results in several decay modes into the environment. These decay modes lead to instabilities of many of the steady state phases that occurred in the near-field dipole system, leading to the emergence of more spin density wave and oscillatory phases. Finally, we examine the dynamics on the approach to steady state in a dissipative dipolar system by studying Rydberg atoms coupled to a photonic crystal waveguide, which mediates an effective dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms. We find that if two excitations exist in the system, then bound states can form, with nonlocal dissipation resulting in a momentum dependent decay rate of the bound states and also greater freedom in engineering the bound state energy dispersion.
description: EPSRC studentship
The Mobilization of Resources from Agriculture: A Policy Analysis for Brazil
Creators: name: Lopes, Mauro De Rezende
name: Schuh, G. Edward
name: Lopes, Mauro De Rezende
name: Schuh, G. Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Agribusiness
International Development

description: Brazil, like many other developing countries, has discriminated rather heavily against its agricultural sector. The chronic overvaluation of the Brazilian currency has constituted an implicit export tax on the agricultural sector. ln addition, there have been explicit export taxes, quotas, and embargoes on agricultural products, and complicated export licensing schemes. This discriminatory trade policy has been complemented by various domestic food policies which also attempted to restrain the domestic prices of food. In contrast, the industrial sector has benefited from high levels of protective tariffs and export subsidies. Moreover, the overvalued exchange rate constituted something of a subsidy to the industrial sector since it was dependent on imports of certain raw materials and critical capital goods. This combination of policies is clearly designed to capture and transfer the well-known agricultural surplus as a basis for furthering the development process. The research on which this paper is based was designed to make a partial analysis of the impact of these policies on the agricultural sector (see Lopes for the larger study). The analysis compared an overvalued exchange rate and a tax on land as alternative means of extracting the surplus from agriculture. The analytical model was developed along the lines of a model used by Floyd for an analysis of U.S. agricultural policy. It is based on a one sector model of the agricultural sector consisting of six equations: an aggregate production function, equilibrium conditions for the use of labour and capital (input demand equations), supply functions for those two factors of production, and an equation which describes the demand for farm output.
Identification of mechanisms of gemcitabine resistance using a whole genome shRNA screen in a novel in vitro coculture model of pancreatic cancer.
Creators: name: Mills, Graham David
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: pancreatic cancer
chemotherapy
tumour microenvironment

description: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most difficult to treat major cancers, with a 5-year survival of less than 5%, and little to no improvement in prognosis over the previous fifty years. The complexity and heterogeneity of the pancreatic tumour and its highly desmoplastic stromal microenvironment present major physical and biochemical barriers to the delivery and efficacy of therapeutics. Improving the success rate of therapeutic interventions for this cancer requires both a detailed understanding of stromal dynamics and drug resistance within the tumour, as well validated in vitro and in vivo models through which novel therapeutic targets can be identified and investigated. Within this project I focused initially on further developing, validating, and evaluating mechanistically a coculture model of gemcitabine resistance, established previously. I demonstrated that the gemcitabine resistance observed in coculture was a product of cell-cell contact, transient in nature, and related to cell density-mediated signalling processes. I discovered that the mesenchymal-like cell lines thought to drive the resistance effect within the model were epithelial cancer cells in origin, rather than a cancer associated fibroblast (CAF) line, verified through genotype and protein signature experiments. This finding was expanded through demonstration that true pancreatic CAFs did not induce gemcitabine resistance in the coculture model and hence demonstrated the real challenge in isolating true pancreatic CAFs from genetically engineered mouse PDAC tumour tissue using canonical techniques. Nevertheless, the in vitro coculture model data was congruent with in vivo and clinical gemcitabine efficacy data, suggesting it may have utility as a lower cost model for evaluating efficacy of novel drug combinations with the aim of subsequent translation into the clinic. The coculture model was used as the foundation of a genome-wide shRNA depletion screen to identify sensitizers of gemcitabine resistance in PDAC in vitro culture. The primary screen and subsequent validation screen identified 19 high confidence genes with potential translational value, of which knockdown sensitised to gemcitabine within this model. This is alongside an expanded list of 444 genes significantly contributing to the resistance phenotype, representing pathways such as MTORC signalling and DNA damage response. This dataset serves as the first shRNA-mediated coculture screen for gemcitabine resistance in PDAC. My findings lay credence to the value of this model of gemcitabine resistance for preclinical use and provides a robust and voluminous shRNA dataset supporting target identification for the ablation of gemcitabine chemoresistance in PDAC.
description: Cancer Research UK PhD Studentship
Livestock and Poultry Sector
Creators: name: Medland, S. L.
name: Medland, S. L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1981
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: In 1978, farm receipts from the sale of livestock and livestock products, including dairy products, poultry, and eggs were $6.6 billion or 55 percent of total cash receipts from farming operations. The other major contributor was total crops at $4.9 billion or 41.5 percent. In 1976, a total of 1,045 establishments engaged in one or more of slaughter, meat processing, or processing of poultry or dairy products. They employed a total of 68,318 people and paid wages and salaries of $85 million. The total value of shipments of goods of their own manufacture was $7 .4 billion.
The effect of external electric fields on silicon with superconducting gallium nano-precipitates
Creators: name: Thorgrimsson, Brandur
name: McJunkin, Thomas
name: MacQuarrie, E. R.
name: Coppersmith, S. N.
name: Eriksson, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by potential transformative applications of nanoelectronic circuits that incorporate superconducting elements, and by the advantages of integrating these elements in a silicon materials platform, we investigate the properties of the superconductivity of silicon ion-implanted with gallium. Here we measure 40 different samples and explore both a variety of preparation methods (yielding both superconducting and non-superconducting samples), and the reproducibility of one of the preparation methods yielding superconducting samples. While we find agreement with the existing literature that superconducting effects are visible in this system, we also find that this superconductivity is not influenced by voltages applied to a top gate. The superconductivity in this materials system is not gateable for applied electric fields as large as 8 MV/cm. We also present results of scanning transmission electron microscopy imaging of some of the same samples for which we report electronic characterization. In agreement with the existing literature, we find that the presence of Ga precipitates is essential to the presence of a superconducting transition in these samples. However, we also find evidence for large inhomogeneities in this system, which we discuss in connection with the lack of gateability we report here.
description: 22 pages, 6 figures
Salience Perspectives
Creators: name: Whiteley, Ella Kate
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: salience
perspectives
language
attention
mind
philosophy
gender
objectification
feminism
cognition
bias
camp
watzl
essentialism
framing

description: In the philosophy of language and epistemology, debates often centre on what content a person is communicating, or representing in their mind. How that content is organised, along dimensions of salience, has received relatively little attention. I argue that salience matters. Mere change of salience patterns, without change of content, can have dramatic implications, both epistemic and moral. Imagine two newspaper articles that offer the same information about a subject, but differ in terms of what they headline. These articles can be said to adopt different linguistic salience perspectives. Making different things salient in language is a way of making different things salient in an audience’s mind: it is a way of encouraging the audience to adopt a particular cognitive salience perspective. Building on Elisabeth Camp’s work on perspectives, and Sebastian Watzl’s work on attention, I suggest that one has a certain cognitive salience perspective in virtue of better noticing, remembering, and finding cognitively accessible certain contents over others. Drawing on psychological research into cognitive biases and framing effects, I argue that that simply making some content salient in the mind, perhaps through first making it salient in language, can be sufficient to activate substantive cultural beliefs or ideologies associated with that content. Where those beliefs and ideologies have epistemic and moral problems, we have grounds for criticising the salience perspective that causally produced them. Besides this instrumental harm, I also suggest that certain salience perspectives can themselves constitute harm. I draw on feminist work on objectification to argue that making the wrong thing salient about a person can constitute a way of dehumanising them. A great many factors, from physical and psychological violence, to false beliefs and credibility deficits, have already been identified as potentially harming an individual or group. What is distinctive about this argument, then, is the idea that, sometimes, mere patterns of salience can be damaging in and of themselves.
description: I would like to thank the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the Faculty of Philosophy for financial support, which enabled me to complete this thesis.