cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Searching for tau neutrinos with Cherenkov telescopes
Creators: name: Gora, D.
name: Bernardini, E.
name: Kappes, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cherenkov telescopes have the capability of detecting high energy tau neutrinos in the energy range of 1--1000 PeV by searching for very inclined showers. If a tau lepton, produced by a tau neutrino, escapes from the Earth or a mountain, it will decay and initiate a shower in the air which can be detected by an air shower fluorescence or Cherenkov telescope. In this paper, we present detailed Monte Carlo simulations of corresponding event rates for the VERITAS and two proposed Cherenkov Telescope Array sites: Meteor Crater and Yavapai Ranch, which use representative AGN neutrino flux models and take into account topographic conditions of the detector sites. The calculated neutrino sensitivities depend on the observation time and the shape of the energy spectrum, but in some cases are comparable or even better than corresponding neutrino sensitivities of the IceCube detector. For VERITAS and the considered Cherenkov Telescope Array sites the expected neutrino sensitivities are up to factor 3 higher than for the MAGIC site because of the presence of surrounding mountains.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1308.0194
Two-photon paired solitons supported by medium polarization
Creators: name: Yoshimura, M.
name: Sasao, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive for the first time fundamental equations that describe soliton spatial profiles consisting of two-photon mode fields and macroscopic polarization of medium. Numerical solutions of this basic equation are presented to give single and multiple soliton chains taking an example of para-H$_2$ $v=0 \leftrightarrow 1$ vibrational system. Although effects of dissipative relaxation are included in the general form for two-level system, the existence of static soliton-condensate is established. Stability analysis of soliton solutions is given. Arguments given here support that soliton-condensates thus derived are final remnants of time evolution of macro-coherent two-photon process. These soliton-condensates are expected to be important in the proposed neutrino mass spectroscopy using atoms.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures. Section 3 and 4 are improved in essential ways. Accepted for publication in Progr. Theor. Exp. Physics
Proximity exchange effects in MoSe2 and WSe2 heterostructures with CrI3: Twist angle, layer, and gate dependence
Creators: name: Zollner, Klaus
name: Faria Junior, Paulo E.
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: Proximity effects in two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures offer controllable ways to tailor the electronic band structure of adjacent materials. Proximity exchange in particular is important for making materials magnetic without hosting magnetic ions. Such synthetic magnets could be used for studying magnetotransport in high-mobility 2D materials, or magneto-optics in highly absorptive nominally nonmagnetic semiconductors. Using first-principles calculations, we show that the proximity exchange in monolayer MoSe2 and WSe2 due to ferromagnetic monolayer CrI3 can be tuned (even qualitatively) by twisting and gating. Remarkably, the proximity exchange remains the same when using antiferromagnetic CrI3 bilayer, paving the way for optical and electrical detection of layered antiferromagnets. Interestingly, the proximity exchange is opposite to the exchange of the adjacent antiferromagnetic layer. Finally, we show that the proximity exchange is confined to the layer adjacent to CrI3, and that adding a separating hBN barrier drastically reduces the proximity effect. We complement our ab initio results with tight-binding modeling and solve the Bethe-Salpeter equation to provide experimentally verifiable optical signatures (in the exciton spectra) of the proximity exchange effects.
Imprint of Multi-component Dark Matter on AMS-02
Creators: name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
name: Huang, Da
name: Tsai, Lu-Hsing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-component decaying dark matter (DM) scenario is investigated to explain the possible excesses in the positron fraction by PAMELA and recently confirmed by AMS-02, and in the total $e^+ +e^-$ flux observed by Fermi-LAT. By performing the $χ^2$ fits, we find that two DM components are already enough to give a reasonable fit of both AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT data. The best-fitted results show that the heavier DM component with its mass 1.5 TeV dominantly decays through the $μ$-channel, while the lighter one of 100 GeV mainly through the $τ$-channel. As a byproduct, the fine structure around 100 GeV observed by AMS-02 and Fermi-LAT can be naturally explained by the dropping due to the lighter DM component. With the obtained model parameters by the fitting, we calculate the diffuse $γ$-ray emission spectrum in this two-component DM scenario, and find that it is consistent with the data measured by Fermi-LAT. We also construct a microscopic particle DM model to naturally realize the two-component DM scenario, and point out an interesting neutrino signal which is possible to be measured in the near future by IceCube.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures, revised version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Dropout Rademacher Complexity of Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Gao, Wei
name: Zhou, Zhi-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Great successes of deep neural networks have been witnessed in various real applications. Many algorithmic and implementation techniques have been developed, however, theoretical understanding of many aspects of deep neural networks is far from clear. A particular interesting issue is the usefulness of dropout, which was motivated from the intuition of preventing complex co-adaptation of feature detectors. In this paper, we study the Rademacher complexity of different types of dropout, and our theoretical results disclose that for shallow neural networks (with one or none hidden layer) dropout is able to reduce the Rademacher complexity in polynomial, whereas for deep neural networks it can amazingly lead to an exponential reduction of the Rademacher complexity.
description: 20 pagea
Live Pregnancy Rate After Ovulation Induction Protocols In Secondary Infertile Patients
Creators: name: Dura, Mustafa Cengiz
name: Aktürk, Hilal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: #infertil #patient #iovulationinduction

description: vulation induction protocols, including Clomiphene Citrate(Serm), GnRH analogs (GnRH agonist and antagonist), and Letrozole(aromatase inhibitor), are known and enumerated. Our study is cross-sectional and retrospective and obtained from the patients who applied to the infertility outpatient clinic and the hospital database between February 2020 to January 2022.
Supplementary information on histological methodology and data analysis from Systemic orchestration of cell size throughout the body: influence of sex and rapamycin exposure in Drosophila melanogaster
Creators: name: Szlachcic, Ewa
name: Labecka, Anna Maria
name: Privalova, Valeriya
name: Sikorska, Anna
name: Czarnoleski, Marcin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Technical details of histological techniques and cell size measurements and additional statistical results
Single and bilayer graphene on the topological insulator Bi2Se3: Electronic and spin-orbit properties from first principles
Creators: name: Zollner, Klaus
name: Fabian, Jaroslav
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 530 Physik

description: We present a detailed study of the electronic and spin-orbit properties of single and bilayer graphene in proximity to the topological insulator Bi2Se3. Our approach is based on first-principles calculations, combined with symmetry derived model Hamiltonians that capture the low-energy band properties. We consider single and bilayer graphene on 1–3 quintuple layers of Bi2Se3 and extract orbital and proximity induced spin-orbit coupling (SOC) parameters. We find that graphene gets significantly hole doped (350 meV), but the linear dispersion is preserved. The proximity induced SOC parameters are about 1 meV in magnitude, and are of valley-Zeeman type. The induced SOC depends weakly on the number of quintuple layers of Bi2Se3. We also study the effect of a transverse electric field that is applied across heterostructures of single and bilayer graphene above 1 quintuple layer of Bi2Se3. Our results show that band offsets, as well as proximity induced SOC parameters, can be tuned by the field. Most interesting is the case of bilayer graphene, in which the band gap, originating from the intrinsic dipole of the heterostructure, can be closed and reopened again, with inverted band character. The switching of the strong proximity SOC from the conduction to the valence band realizes a spin-orbit valve. Additionally, we find a giant increase of the proximity induced SOC of about 200% when we decrease the interlayer distance between graphene and Bi2Se3 by only 10%. Finally, for a different substrate material Bi2Te2Se, band offsets are significantly different, with the graphene Dirac point located at the Fermi level, while the induced SOC strength stays similar in magnitude compared to the Bi2Se3 substrate.
Flat Direction Inflation with Running Kinetic Term and Baryogenesis
Creators: name: Kasuya, Shinta
name: Takahashi, Fuminobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a possibility that one of the flat directions in the minimal supersymmetric standard model plays the role of the inflaton field and realizes large-field inflation. This is achieved by introducing a generalized shift symmetry on the flat direction, which enables us to control the inflaton potential over large field values. After inflation, higher order terms allowed by the generalized shift symmetry automatically cause a helical motion of the field to create the baryon number of the universe, while baryonic isocurvature fluctuations are suppressed.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures, published version
Fitted models for Bayesian metaanalysis of genotype-phenotype relationships in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Creators: name: Niederlova, Veronika
name: Modrák, Martin
name: Tsyklauri, Oksana
name: Huranova, Martina
name: Stepanek, Ondrej
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: bardet-biedl syndrome
metaanalysis
brms
rstan

description: Fitted models. Makes only sense to use with 10.5281/zenodo.3243264 - unpack this to the root folder to avoid recomputing fits and use exactly the same fits we used for the reported analyses.
Triple vector boson production through Higgs-Strahlung with NLO multijet merging
Creators: name: Hoeche, S.
name: Krauss, F.
name: Pozzorini, S.
name: Schoenherr, M.
name: Thompson, J. M.
name: Zapp, K. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Triple gauge boson hadroproduction, in particular the production of three $W$-bosons at the LHC, is considered at next-to leading order accuracy in QCD. The NLO matrix elements are combined with parton showers. Multijet merging is invoked such that NLO matrix elements with one additional jet are also included. The studies here incorporate both the signal and all relevant backgrounds for $VH$ production with the subsequent decay of the Higgs boson into $W$-- or $τ$--\-pairs. They have been performed using \SherpaOpenLoops in combination with Collier.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
title: Sweden Report. Sustainable Governance Indicators 2022
Creators: name: Petridou, Evangelia
name: Sparf, Jörgen
name: Jochem, Sven
name: Jahn, Detlef
Publisher: name: Bertelsmann Stiftung
Year: 2022
Subjects: Governance
Democracy
Regierungshandeln
Demokratie

description: Undoubtedly, democracy in Sweden remains robust; the country continues to score highly across the gamut of sustainable governance indicators, with little change since the previous report. This mundane observation becomes quite salient if contextualized in the second year of a pandemic, which as of January 2022, was poised to usher in a third year of societal disruption. In a nutshell, the policymaking system and democratic institutions proved to be adequately resilient for the country to continue providing public goods and services to the citizens while at the same time avoiding curtailments of civil rights and political freedoms.
Strong gravitational lensing in a rotating Kaluza-Klein black hole with squashed horizons
Creators: name: Ji, LiYong
name: Chen, Songbai
name: Jing, Jiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have investigated the strong gravitational lensing in a rotating squashed Kaluza-Klein (KK) black hole spacetime. Our result show that the strong gravitational lensings in the rotating squashed KK black hole spacetime have some distinct behaviors from those in the backgrounds of the four-dimensional Kerr black hole and of the squashed KK Gödel black hole. In the rotating squashed KK black hole spacetime, the marginally circular photon radius $ρ_{ps}$, the coefficient $\bar{a}$, $\bar{b}$, the deflection angle $α(θ)$ in the $ϕ$ direction and the corresponding observational variables are independent of whether the photon goes with or against the rotation of the background, which is different with those in the usual four-dimensional Kerr black hole spacetime. Moreover, we also find that with the increase of the scale of extra dimension $ρ_0$, the marginally circular photon radius $ρ_{ps}$ and the angular position of the relativistic images $θ_\infty$ first decreases and then increases in the rotating squashed KK black hole for fixed rotation parameter $b$, but in the squashed KK Gödel black hole they increase for the smaller global rotation parameter $j$ and decrease for the larger one. In the extremely squashed case $ρ_0=0$, the coefficient $\bar{a}$ in the rotating squashed KK black hole increases monotonously with the rotation parameter, but in the squashed KK Gödel black hole it is a constant and independent of the global rotation of the Gödel Universe.
description: 20 pages; 7 figures. Accepted for publication in JHEP. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1102.0086
Zertifikat 2022: Was ist neu?
Creators: name: Severiens, Thomas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: DINI Zertifikat 2022
DINI
DINI Zertifikat

description: Vortrag beim Workshop "Gemeinsam zum DINI-Zertifikat 2022" am 6. Oktober 2022.
On the formal degrees of square-integrable representations of odd special orthogonal and metaplectic groups
Creators: name: Ichino, Atsushi
name: Lapid, Erez
name: Mao, Zhengyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11F70

description: The formal degree conjecture relates the formal degree of an irreducible square-integrable representation of a reductive group over a local field to the special value of the adjoint $γ$-factor of its $L$-parameter. In this paper, we prove the formal degree conjecture for odd special orthogonal and metaplectic groups in the generic case, which combined with Arthur's work on the local Langlands correspondence implies the conjecture in full generality.
description: Minor changes since last version
The Vesica Piscis (Mandorla) and the Geometry of the Square Roots
Creators: name: Sparavigna, Amelia Carolina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: sacred geometry
vesica piscis
mandorla
geometry

description: Here we shortly discuss the symmetric lens of the 2-dimensional geometry which is known as the "vesica piscis". In art and architecture, this lens is usually known as the "mandorla", which in Italian means almond. Previously, we have investigated some properties of its geometric form, related to the square root of 3. Now, we will show how it is possible to find the other square roots from this lens.
Hierarchical Coded Caching
Creators: name: Karamchandani, Nikhil
name: Niesen, Urs
name: Maddah-Ali, Mohammad Ali
name: Diggavi, Suhas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Caching of popular content during off-peak hours is a strategy to reduce network loads during peak hours. Recent work has shown significant benefits of designing such caching strategies not only to deliver part of the content locally, but also to provide coded multicasting opportunities even among users with different demands. Exploiting both of these gains was shown to be approximately optimal for caching systems with a single layer of caches. Motivated by practical scenarios, we consider in this work a hierarchical content delivery network with two layers of caches. We propose a new caching scheme that combines two basic approaches. The first approach provides coded multicasting opportunities within each layer; the second approach provides coded multicasting opportunities across multiple layers. By striking the right balance between these two approaches, we show that the proposed scheme achieves the optimal communication rates to within a constant multiplicative and additive gap. We further show that there is no tension between the rates in each of the two layers up to the aforementioned gap. Thus, both layers can simultaneously operate at approximately the minimum rate.
description: 31 pages
Reliability-output Decoding of Tail-biting Convolutional Codes
Creators: name: Williamson, Adam R.
name: Marshall, Matthew J.
name: Wesel, Richard D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present extensions to Raghavan and Baum's reliability-output Viterbi algorithm (ROVA) to accommodate tail-biting convolutional codes. These tail-biting reliability-output algorithms compute the exact word-error probability of the decoded codeword after first calculating the posterior probability of the decoded tail-biting codeword's starting state. One approach employs a state-estimation algorithm that selects the maximum a posteriori state based on the posterior distribution of the starting states. Another approach is an approximation to the exact tail-biting ROVA that estimates the word-error probability. A comparison of the computational complexity of each approach is discussed in detail. The presented reliability-output algorithms apply to both feedforward and feedback tail-biting convolutional encoders. These tail-biting reliability-output algorithms are suitable for use in reliability-based retransmission schemes with short blocklengths, in which terminated convolutional codes would introduce rate loss.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transaction on Communications. 10 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
title: Μελέτη περίπτωσης ενεργειακής αναβάθμησης δεδομένων κατανάλωσης οικίας
title: Case study of improving the efficiency of home data consumption
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Βουλουμπασάκη, Ελένη
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ενεργειακή αναβάθμιση
Εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας
Νομοθετικό πλαίσιο
Οικονομοτεχνική μελέτη

description: Η αυξητική τάση κατανάλωσης της ενέργειας είναι ένα από τα πιο σημαντικά θέματα της παγκόσμιας επιστημονικής κοινότητας, με τις επιπτώσεις στο περιβάλλον και γενικότερα στον πλανήτη να είναι καθοριστικές. Η ενέργεια είναι ένα αγαθό που εξυπηρετεί κοινωνικές και αναπτυξιακές ανάγκες. Παρουσιάζεται συνεχώς αυξανόμενη ζήτηση με αποτέλεσμα την αύξηση των ρύπων και μείωση των πρωτογενών ενεργειακών πόρων. Σύμφωνα με τις τελευταίες εκτιμήσεις τα παγκόσμια αποθέματα πετρελαίου, φυσικού αερίου και λιθάνθρακα επαρκούν για την κάλυψη αναγκών περίπου 40, 70 και 200 ετών αντίστοιχα. Στα πλαίσια της ευρύτερης πολιτικής της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης για την εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας και τον περιορισμό των ρύπων έχουν δοθεί πολλές σχετικές κοινοτικές οδηγίες και κανονισμοί. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία αποτυπώνεται η σύγχρονη μεθοδολογία ενεργειακής αναβάθμισης οικίας σε συγκεκριμένη μελέτη δεδομένων κατανάλωσης, ενώ γίνεται επισκόπηση της ενεργειακής κατάστασης στον κτηριακό τομέα. Επίσης αναλύεται το νομοθετικό πλαίσιο που αφορά την ενεργειακή εξοικονόμηση σε ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο. Επιπλέον δίνεται έμφαση στην ενεργειακή επιθεώρηση κατά μελέτη περίπτωσης καθώς και οι παράγοντες που καθορίζουν το ποσό της ενέργειας που καταναλώνει ένα κτήριο. Τέλος προτείνονται δυνατότητες εξοικονόμησης ενέργειας με επεμβάσεις χαμηλού κόστους ή ανακατασκευής σύγχρονων τεχνολογιών. Η δομή περιλαμβάνει το πρώτο εισαγωγικό κεφάλαιο στο οποίο θα αναλυθούν τα ζητήματα της διαχείρισης ενέργειας στα κτήρια και μια ανασκόπηση των μεθόδων εξοικονόμησης που ήδη εφαρμόζονται, όπως αποτυπώνεται στην σύγχρονη βιβλιογραφία. Στα επόμενα δύο κεφάλαια θα παρουσιαστούν αναλυτικά τα νομοθετικά πλαίσια που περιγράφουν τις οδηγίες και τους κανονισμούς εφαρμογών τέτοιων μεθόδων. Παράλληλα στην εργασία θα ενταχθεί μια συγκεκριμένη μελέτη περίπτωσης σύγχρονης μονοκατοικίας για την οποία, αφού παρουσιαστούν τα υφιστάμενα ενεργειακά μεγέθη καταναλώσεων, θα σχηματιστεί μια ολοκληρωμένη μελέτη με στόχο την αναβάθμιση και εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας που μπορεί να επιτευχθεί. Η οικονομοτεχνική μελέτη θα περιλαμβάνει αριθμητικά στοιχεία και εκτιμήσεις για τον σχετικό προϋπολογισμό υλοποίησης, ώστε να προκύπτει το επιθυμητό πλεονέκτημα της μείωσης του κόστους της καταναλισκόμενης ενέργειας και της απόδοσης μια τέτοιας επένδυσης. Η εργασία ολοκληρώνεται με το τελευταίο κεφάλαιο της καταγραφής των συμπερασμάτων μιας τέτοιας κτηριακής αναβάθμισης και προτάσεων για μελλοντικές επεμβάσεις που μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν, στοχεύοντας στην περεταίρω εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας από τους ενοίκους της κατοικίας.
Pain modulation by intranasal oxytocin and emotional picture viewing — a randomized double-blind fMRI study
Creators: name: Zunhammer, Matthias
name: Geis, Sandra
name: Busch, Volker
name: Eichhammer, Peter
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: CLINICAL-TRIALS; HUMAN BRAIN; RESPONSES; VALENCE; HUMANS; ATTENTION; STIMULI; RECOMMENDATIONS; POTENTIALS; PERCEPTION;
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The hormone oxytocin has been hypothesized to influence the emotional dimension of pain. This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study explored whether intranasal oxytocin and emotional context can affect heat pain perception in 30 healthy male volunteers. After receiving 36 IU oxytocin or placebo, participants underwent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during which noxious and non-noxious thermode heat stimuli were applied. Simultaneously, scenes from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS) with positive, neutral, and negative emotional valence were shown. Heat intensity and unpleasantness ratings were obtained. The activity of whole-brain correlates of heat processing was quantified via multi-voxel pattern analysis. We observed no appreciable main effects of oxytocin on ratings or neural pain correlates. Effects of emotional picture valence on ratings were smaller than reported in previous studies. Nevertheless, oxytocin was found to significantly enhance the influence of picture valence on unpleasantness ratings at noxious heat levels. No corresponding changes in whole-brain correlates of heat intensity processing were found. Our study provides evidence that intranasal oxytocin increases the effects of emotional context on the subjective unpleasantness of experimental heat pain. Future studies are needed to determine whether this effect can be utilized in clinical settings.
High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures
Creators: name: Fogler, M. M.
name: Butov, L. V.
name: Novoselov, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All known superfluid and superconducting states of condensed matter are enabled by composite bosons (atoms, molecules, Cooper pairs) made of an even number of fermions. Temperatures where such macroscopic quantum phenomena occur are limited by the lesser of the binding energy and the degeneracy temperature of the bosons. High critical temperature cuprate superconductors set the present record of ~100 K. Here we propose a design for artificially structured materials to rival this record. The main elements of the structure are two monolayers of a transition metal dichalcogenide separated by an atomically thin spacer. Electrons and holes generated in the system would accumulate in the opposite monolayers and form bosonic bound states --- the indirect excitons. The resultant degenerate Bose gas of indirect excitons would exhibit macroscopic occupation of a quantum state and vanishing viscosity at high temperatures.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Tilt aftereffect following adaptation to translational Glass patterns
Creators: name: Pavan, Andrea
name: Hocketstaller, Johanna
name: Contillo, Adriano
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: PRIMARY VISUAL-CORTEX; INTER-OCULAR TRANSFER; INTEROCULAR TRANSFER; ORIENTATION DISCRIMINATION; FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE; SPATIAL ADAPTATION; ILLUSORY CONTOURS; RECEPTIVE FIELDS; FMRI ADAPTATION; CORTICAL AREAS;
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Glass patterns (GPs) consist of randomly distributed dot pairs (dipoles) whose orientations are determined by specific geometric transforms. We assessed whether adaptation to stationary oriented translational GPs suppresses the activity of orientation selective detectors producing a tilt aftereffect (TAE). The results showed that adaptation to GPs produces a TAE similar to that reported in previous studies, though reduced in amplitude. This suggests the involvement of orientation selective mechanisms. We also measured the interocular transfer (IOT) of the GP-induced TAE and found an almost complete IOT, indicating the involvement of orientation selective and binocularly driven units. In additional experiments, we assessed the role of attention in TAE from GPs. The results showed that distraction during adaptation similarly modulates the TAE after adapting to both GPs and gratings. Moreover, in the case of GPs, distraction is likely to interfere with the adaptation process rather than with the spatial summation of local dipoles. We conclude that TAE from GPs possibly relies on visual processing levels in which the global orientation of GPs has been encoded by neurons that are mostly binocularly driven, orientation selective and whose adaptation-related neural activity is strongly modulated by attention.
Two-Dimensional Density-Matrix Topological Fermionic Phases: Topological Uhlmann Numbers
Creators: name: Viyuela, O.
name: Rivas, A.
name: Martin-Delgado, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a topological invariant that classifies density matrices of symmetry-protected topological orders in two-dimensional fermionic systems. As it is constructed out of the previously introduced Uhlmann phase, we refer to it as the topological Uhlmann number ${\rm n}_{\rm U}$. With it, we study thermal topological phases in several two-dimensional models of topological insulators and superconductors, computing phase diagrams where the temperature $T$ is on an equal footing with the coupling constants in the Hamiltonian. Moreover, we find novel thermal-topological transitions between two non-trivial phases in a model with high Chern numbers. At small temperature we recover the standard topological phases as the Uhlmann number approaches to the Chern number.
description: RevTex4 file, color figures. Close to published version
Surface-Based Analyses of Anatomical Properties of the Visual Cortex in Macular Degeneration
Creators: name: Prins, Doety
name: Plank, Tina
name: Baseler, Heidi A.
name: Gouws, André D.
name: Beer, Anton
name: Morland, Antony B.
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
name: Cornelissen, Frans W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: HUMAN CEREBRAL-CORTEX; CAUSE-SPECIFIC PREVALENCE; COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CORTICAL SURFACE; GEOMETRICALLY ACCURATE; COORDINATE SYSTEM; OLDER POPULATION; GANGLION-CELLS; REORGANIZATION;
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: Introduction Macular degeneration (MD) can cause a central visual field defect. In a previous study, we found volumetric reductions along the entire visual pathways of MD patients, possibly indicating degeneration of inactive neuronal tissue. This may have important implications. In particular, new therapeutic strategies to restore retinal function rely on intact visual pathways and cortex to reestablish visual function. Here we reanalyze the data of our previous study using surface-based morphometry (SBM) rather than voxel-based morphometry (VBM). This can help determine the robustness of the findings and will lead to a better understanding of the nature of neuroanatomical changes associated with MD. Methods The metrics of interest were acquired by performing SBM analysis on T1-weighted MRI data acquired from 113 subjects: patients with juvenile MD (JMD; n = 34), patients with age-related MD (AMD; n = 24) and healthy age-matched controls (HC; n = 55). Results Relative to age-matched controls, JMD patients showed a thinner cortex, a smaller cortical surface area and a lower grey matter volume in V1 and V2, while AMD patients showed thinning of the cortex in V2. Neither patient group showed a significant difference in mean curvature of the visual cortex. Discussion The thinner cortex, smaller surface area and lower grey matter volume in the visual cortex of JMD patients are consistent with our previous results showing a volumetric reduction in their visual cortex. Finding comparable results using two rather different analysis techniques suggests the presence of marked cortical degeneration in the JMD patients. In the AMD patients, we found a thinner cortex in V2 but not in V1. In contrast to our previous VBM analysis, SBM revealed no volumetric reductions of the visual cortex. This suggests that the cortical changes in AMD patients are relatively subtle, as they apparently can be missed by one of the methods.
Transport in multiband systems with hot spots on the Fermi surface: Forward-scattering corrections
Creators: name: Breitkreiz, Maxim
name: Brydon, P. M. R.
name: Timm, Carsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiband models with hot spots are of current interest partly because of their relevance for the iron-based superconductors. In these materials, the momentum-dependent scattering off spin fluctuations and the ellipticity of the electron Fermi pockets are responsible for anisotropy of the lifetimes of excitations around the Fermi surface. The deep minima of the lifetimes---the so-called hot spots---have been assumed to contribute little to the transport as is indeed predicted by a simple relaxation-time approach. Calculating forward-scattering corrections to this approximation, we find that the effective transport times are much more isotropic than the lifetimes and that, therefore, the hot spots contribute to the transport even in the case of strong spin-fluctuation scattering. We discuss this effect on the basis of an analytical solution of the Boltzmann equation and calculate numerically the temperature and doping dependence of the resistivity and the Hall, Seebeck, and Nernst coefficients.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
Cross-Modal Attention Effects in the Vestibular Cortex during Attentive Tracking of Moving Objects
Creators: name: Frank, Sebastian M.
name: Sun, Liwei
name: Forster, Lisa
name: Tse, Peter U.
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: SURFACE-BASED ANALYSIS; SELF-MOTION; SYLVIAN FISSURE; FMRI ACTIVATION; STIMULATION; SYSTEM; BRAIN; CONVERGENCE; RESPONSES; REGIONS; area PIC; area PIVC; attentional tracking; vestibular cognition; vestibular cortex
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: The midposterior fundus of the Sylvian fissure in the human brain is central to the cortical processing of vestibular cues. At least two vestibular areas are located at this site: the parietoinsular vestibular cortex (PIVC) and the posterior insular cortex (PIC). It is now well established that activity in sensory systems is subject to cross-modal attention effects. Attending to a stimulus in one sensory modality enhances activity in the corresponding cortical sensory system, but simultaneously suppresses activity in other sensory systems. Here, we wanted to probe whether such cross-modal attention effects also target the vestibular system. To this end, weused a visual multiple-object tracking task. By parametrically varying the number of tracked targets, we could measure the effect of attentional load on the PIVC and the PIC while holding the perceptual load constant. Participants performed the tracking task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Results show that, compared with passive viewing of object motion, activity during object tracking was suppressed in the PIVC and enhanced in the PIC. Greater attentional load, induced by increasing the number of tracked targets, was associated with a corresponding increase in the suppression of activity in the PIVC. Activity in the anterior part of the PIC decreased with increasing load, whereas load effects were absent in the posterior PIC. Results of a control experiment show that attention-induced suppression in the PIVC is stronger than any suppression evoked by the visual stimulus per se. Overall, our results suggest that attention has a cross-modal modulatory effect on the vestibular cortex during visual object tracking.
Mechanical Pain Thresholds and the Rubber Hand Illusion
Creators: name: Bauer, Anna
name: Hagenburger, Julia
name: Plank, Tina
name: Busch, Volker
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: rubber hand illusion, body ownership, mechanical pain threshold, multisensory integration of bodily signals, proprioceptive drift
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: We manipulated the sense of body ownership with the rubber hand illusion (RHI) to determine if perception of a potentially painful threat to the rubber hand can modify the mechanical pain threshold (MPT). Simultaneous tactile stimulation of the subject’s concealed hand and the appropriately positioned visible rubber hand generated the illusion of false body ownership. The MPT was recorded on the left hand of the subjects before and after induction of the RHI, as well as during the phase in which the model hand was pricked with a sharp knife or touched by the blunt knife handle. The results indicate that the RHI could be successfully generated with our set-up. Mechanical stimuli were perceived as more painful in the condition where the rubber hand was simultaneously pricked with a knife. Our findings suggest that the illusion of body ownership gates nociceptive processing of potentially painful stimuli.
Phase Field Crystal Modeling as a Unified Atomistic Approach to Defect Dynamics
Creators: name: Berry, Joel
name: Provatas, Nikolas
name: Rottler, Jörg
name: Sinclair, Chad W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Material properties controlled by evolving defect structures, such as mechanical response, often involve processes spanning many length and time scales which cannot be modeled using a single approach. We present a variety of new results that demonstrate the ability of phase field crystal (PFC) models to describe complex defect evolution phenomena on atomistic length scales and over long, diffusive time scales. Primary emphasis is given to the unification of conservative and non- conservative dislocation creation mechanisms in three-dimensional FCC and BCC materials. These include Frank-Read-type glide mechanisms involving closed dislocation loops or grain boundaries as well as Bardeen-Herring-type climb mechanisms involving precipitates, inclusions, and/or voids. Both source classes are naturally and simultaneously captured at the atomistic level by PFC de- scriptions, with arbitrarily complex defect configurations, types, and environments. An unexpected dipole-to-quadrupole source transformation is identified, as well as various new and complex geomet- rical features of loop nucleation via climb from spherical particles. Results for the strain required to nucleate a dislocation loop from such a particle are in agreement with analytic continuum theories. Other basic features of FCC and BCC dislocation structure and dynamics are also outlined, and initial results for dislocation-stacking fault tetrahedron interactions are presented. These findings together highlight various capabilities of the PFC approach as a coarse-grained atomistic tool for the study of three-dimensional crystal plasticity.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures
Untangling cross-frequency coupling in neuroscience
Creators: name: Aru, Juhan
name: Aru, Jaan
name: Priesemann, Viola
name: Wibral, Michael
name: Lana, Luiz
name: Pipa, Gordon
name: Singer, Wolf
name: Vicente, Raul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Cross-frequency coupling (CFC) has been proposed to coordinate neural dynamics across spatial and temporal scales. Despite its potential relevance for understanding healthy and pathological brain function, the standard CFC analysis and physiological interpretation come with fundamental problems. For example, apparent CFC can appear because of spectral correlations due to common non-stationarities that may arise in the total absence of interactions between neural frequency components. To provide a road map towards an improved mechanistic understanding of CFC, we organize the available and potential novel statistical/modeling approaches according to their biophysical interpretability. While we do not provide solutions for all the problems described, we provide a list of practical recommendations to avoid common errors and to enhance the interpretability of CFC analysis.
description: 47 pages, 12 figures, including supplementary material
Media Summary from The lipid linked oligosaccharide polymerase Wzy and its regulating co-polymerase, Wzz, from enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis form a complex
Creators: name: Weckener, Miriam
name: Woodward, Laura S.
name: Clarke, Bradley R.
name: Liu, Huanting
name: Ward, Philip N.
name: Le Bas, Audrey
name: Bhella, David
name: Whitfield, Chris
name: Naismith, James H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Structural Biology

description: Document with media summary
High resolution Figures from The lipid linked oligosaccharide polymerase Wzy and its regulating co-polymerase, Wzz, from enterobacterial common antigen biosynthesis form a complex
Creators: name: Weckener, Miriam
name: Woodward, Laura S.
name: Clarke, Bradley R.
name: Liu, Huanting
name: Ward, Philip N.
name: Le Bas, Audrey
name: Bhella, David
name: Whitfield, Chris
name: Naismith, James H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: Structural Biology

description: High resolution supplementary figures & legends
Effects of Congruent and Incongruent Stimulus Colour on Flavour Discriminations
Creators: name: Wieneke, Leonie
name: Schmuck, Pauline
name: Zacher, Julia
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
name: Plank, Tina
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: colour perception, flavour perception, multisensory integration
subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: In addition to gustatory, olfactory and somatosensory input, visual information plays a role in our experience of food and drink. We asked whether colour in this context has an effect at the perceptual level via multisensory integration or if higher level cognitive factors are involved. Using an articulatory suppression task, comparable to Stevenson and Oaten, cognitive processes should be interrupted during a flavour discriminatory task, so that any residual colour effects would be traceable to low-level integration. Subjects judged in a three-alternative forced-choice paradigm the presence of a different flavour (triangle test). On each trial, they tasted three liquids from identical glasses, with one of them containing a different flavour. The substances were congruent in colour and flavour, incongruent or uncoloured. Subjects who performed the articulatory suppression task responded faster and made fewer errors. The findings suggest a role for higher level cognitive processing in the effect of colour on flavour judgements.
Kinetic and potential components of the exact time-dependent correlation potential
Creators: name: Luo, Kai
name: Fuks, Johanna I.
name: Sandoval, Ernesto D.
name: Elliott, Peter
name: Maitra, Neepa T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The exact exchange-correlation (xc) potential of time-dependent density functional theory has been shown to have striking features. For example, step and peak features are generically found when the system is far from its ground-state, and these depend nonlocally on the density in space and time. We analyze the xc potential by decomposing it into kinetic and interaction potential components, and comparing each with their exact-adiabatic counterparts, for a range of dynamical situations in model one-dimensional (1D) two-electron systems. We find that often, but not always, the kinetic contri- bution is mostly responsible for these features, that are missed by the adiabatic approximation. The adiabatic approximation often makes a smaller error for the potential contribution, which we write in two parts, one being the Coulomb potential due to the time-dependent xc hole. These observations also held in non-equilibrium cases we studied where there are large features in the correlation po- tential although no step structure. In ground-state situations, step and peak structures arise in cases of static correlation, when more than one determinant is essential to describe the interacting state. We investigate the time-dependent natural orbital occupation numbers and find the corresponding relation between these and the dynamical step is more complex than for the ground-state case.
description: 13 pages and 20 figures
Fingerprints of Galactic Loop I on the Cosmic Microwave Background
Creators: name: Liu, Hao
name: Mertsch, Philipp
name: Sarkar, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate possible imprints of galactic foreground structures such as the "radio loops" in the derived maps of the cosmic microwave background. Surprisingly there is evidence for these not only at radio frequencies through their synchrotron radiation, but also at microwave frequencies where emission by dust dominates. This suggests the mechanism is magnetic dipole radiation from dust grains enriched by metallic iron or ferrimagnetic materials. This new foreground we have identified is present at high galactic latitudes, and potentially dominates over the expected $B$-mode polarization signal due to primordial gravitational waves from inflation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures; matches published version
Equalizing resolution in smoothed-particle hydrodynamics calculations using self-adaptive sinc kernels
Creators: name: García-Senz, Domingo
name: Cabezón, Rubén M.
name: Escartín, José A.
name: Ebinger, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) technique is a numerical method for solving gas-dynamical problems. It has been applied to simulate the evolution of a wide variety of astrophysical systems. The method has a second-order accuracy, with a resolution that is usually much higher in the compressed regions than in the diluted zones of the fluid. In this work, we propose and check a scheme to balance and equalize the resolution of SPH between high- and low-density regions. This method relies on the versatility of a family of interpolators called Sinc kernels, which allows increasing the interpolation quality by varying only a single parameter (the exponent of the Sinc function). The scheme is checked and validated through a number of numerical tests, from standard one-dimensional Riemann problems in shock tubes, to multidimensional simulations of explosions, hydrodynamic instabilities and the collapse of a sun-like polytrope. The analysis of the hydrodynamical simulations suggests that the scheme devised to equalizing accuracy improves the treatment of the post-shock regions and, in general, of the rarefacted zones of fluids while causing no harm to the growth of hydrodynamic instabilities. The method is robust and easy to implement with a low computational overload. It conserves mass, energy, and momentum and reduces to the standard SPH scheme in regions of the fluid that have smooth density gradients.
description: 29 pages, 18 figures, accepted by A&A
Visual short-term memory for coherent motion in video game players: evidence from a memory-masking paradigm
Creators: name: Pavan, Andrea
name: Hobaek, Martine
name: Blurton, Steven P.
name: Contillo, Adriano
name: Ghin, Filippo
name: Greenlee, Mark W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: In this study, we investigated visual short-term memory for coherent motion in action video game players (AVGPs), non-action video game players (NAVGPs), and non-gamers (control group: CONs). Participants performed a visual memory-masking paradigm previously used with macaque monkeys and humans. In particular, we tested whether video game players form a more robust visual short-term memory trace for coherent moving stimuli during the encoding phase, and whether such memory traces are less affected by an intervening masking stimulus presented 0.2 s after the offset of the to-be-remembered sample. The results showed that task performance of all groups was affected by the masking stimulus, but video game players were affected to a lesser extent than controls. Modelling of performance values and reaction times revealed that video game players have a lower guessing rate than CONs, and higher drift rates than CONs, indicative of more efficient perceptual decisions. These results suggest that video game players exhibit a more robust VSTM trace for moving objects and this trace is less prone to external interference.