cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Insure or Invest in Green Technologies to Protect Against Adverse Weather Events?
Creators: name: Pietola, Kyosti
name: Myyra, Sami
name: Niemi, Jarkko K.
name: Van Asseldonk, Marcel A.P.M.
name: Pietola, Kyosti
name: Myyra, Sami
name: Niemi, Jarkko K.
name: Van Asseldonk, Marcel A.P.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: investment
subject: insurance
subject: uncertainty
subject: dynamic programming
subject: green technology

description: This paper analyses investments in green technologies when insurance is also an option. Green technologies are defined to have the power to increase productivity and decrease volatility of future revenues. The insurance options involve the scale and coverage either in a yield insurance or in an index insurance. The stochastic process is a combination of insurable stationary short-run process and non-stationary long run process. The optimal decision rules are solved numerically by stochastic dynamic programming. The results suggest that the index insurance maintains market based incentives to invest in green technologies whereas a yield insurance substantially decreases investments, as expected. An actuarially fair yield insurance decreases investments at high productivity firms. By contrast if the insurance premiums are supported to the extent that the net loading becomes negative, firms with the lowest productivity have strong incentives to collect the benefits of the subsidized insurance rather than invest in higher productivity and lower risks. The yield insurance is the most attractive for low productivity firms while the index insurance is the most attractive for high productivity firms. Nevertheless, the demand for actuarially fair index insurance is reduced also amongst the high productivity firms, when the correlation between the yield and the index falls below 50%.
Measuring Retail Service Quality in Farm Supply Cooperatives
Creators: name: Wilson, Norbert L.W.
name: Hall, Thomas
name: Fields, Deacue
name: Wilson, Norbert L.W.
name: Hall, Thomas
name: Fields, Deacue
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Farm Management
subject: Agricultural Cooperatives
subject: Retail Service Quality Scale (RSQS)
subject: Service Quality (SERVQUAL)
subject: Principal Competent Analysis (PCA)
subject: Multinomial Logit.

description: Based on the Retail Service Quality Scale (RSQS), we develop a tool for mangers of local farm cooperative stores to assess which customer service groups matter to their customers. Principal component analysis (PCA) reveals three customer groups. The results of the multinomial logit model showed younger patrons and homeowners are likely to deem customer service and personal interaction as important. Customers, who consider appearance and accessibility as important, are college graduates and persons dependent on farming. Older patrons and wildlife enthusiasts are likely to view the policies and reliability as important factors of service quality.
Criteria Based Evaluation Framework for Service Oriented Methodologies
Creators: name: Fahmideh, Mahdi
name: Habibi, Jafar
name: Shams, Fereidoon
name: Khoshnevis, Sedigheh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Service Oriented Software Engineering is based on concepts and principles for constructing complex enterprise systems in which services as building block of the system, are distributed in large networks. The main goal of the service oriented methodologies is to define a process for development and maintenance of service based systems. Most of the Service Oriented methodologies are not mature enough compared with traditional software development methodologies such as Object Oriented or Component-Based. Hence, defining an evaluation framework will be useful for comparing methodologies for identifying their strengths and weaknesses, defining new methodologies or extending existing Service Oriented methodologies. At the time being, there is no complete evaluation framework for evaluating Service Oriented methodologies. The principal objective of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive evaluation framework for evaluating Service-Oriented methodologies. This evaluation tool is appropriate for methodology engineers to develop new methodologies, as well as project managers to select an appropriate methodology at a specific project.
Ordering of Energy Levels in Heisenberg Models and Applications
Creators: name: Nachtergaele, Bruno
name: Starr, Shannon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B10, 82B20

description: In a recent paper we conjectured that for ferromagnetic Heisenberg models the smallest eigenvalues in the invariant subspaces of fixed total spin are monotone decreasing as a function of the total spin and called this property ferromagnetic ordering of energy levels (FOEL). We have proved this conjecture for the Heisenberg model with arbitrary spins and coupling constants on a chain. In this paper we give a pedagogical introduction to this result and also discuss some extensions and implications. The latter include the property that the relaxation time of symmetric simple exclusion processes on a graph for which FOEL can be proved, equals the relaxation time of a random walk on the same graph. This equality of relaxation times is known as Aldous' Conjecture.
description: 20 pages, contribution for the proceedings of QMATH9, Giens, September 2004
Identifying Significant Characteristics of Organic Milk Consumers: A CART Analysis of an Artefactual Field Experiment
Creators: name: Liu, Zhuo
name: Kanter, Christopher
name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
name: Liu, Zhuo
name: Kanter, Christopher
name: Messer, Kent D.
name: Kaiser, Harry M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Consumer/Household Economics

description: The organic dairy category is one the fastest growing categories of organic production in the U.S. Organic milk consumers generally cite perceived health benefits and lower risk of food contamination, as well as perceived superior quality and low environmental impact of organic farming methods, as the major motivations for preference of organic over conventional milk. While the properties of organic milk that are valued by consumers are fairly well-known, there is more ambiguity regarding the demographic characteristics of the typical organic milk consumer. This research makes use of experimental data and utilizes a relatively novel non-parametric modeling approach, the CART analysis, in identifying how willingness to pay for organic milk varies with the demographic profile of experiment participants. A more traditional econometric approach utilizing a Tobit regression is also performed to compare the results of the two models. The study finds that perceived taste of organic milk and concern for the risk of consuming conventional milk are major factors that separate experiment participants into groups with high and low WTP for organic milk.
Risk Rationing in China Rural Credit Markets
Creators: name: Khantachavana, Sivalai V.
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Kong, Rong
name: Khantachavana, Sivalai V.
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Kong, Rong
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Risk rationing
subject: credit market
subject: china

description: The purpose of this paper is to provide a specific test of Boucher, Carter et al. (2008) framework on risk rationing. The data were collected through a survey of 730 farm households in Shaanxi province conducted in November 2010. We compare factor associated with risk rationed, quantity rationed and price rationed farmers. Seemingly unrelated regressions are performed using risk rationing, quantity rationing and price rationing measure as the dependent variable and measures of demography, wealth, income, year of farming and risk aversion as independent variables. We apply seemingly unrelated regression, cluster analysis and cross tabulation in the study. According to a seemingly unrelated regression, we find existing risk rationing is due to risk-based behavior by borrowers. A cross tabulation results support the proposition by Boucher, Carter et al showing the financial wealthy is risk rationed and relatively land-poor is risk rationed. This paper is believed to be among the first empirical validation of the risk rationing theory.
Investigating Demand for Weather Index Insurance: Experimental Evidence from Ethiopia
Creators: name: Norton, Michael T.
name: Holthaus, Eric
name: Madajewicz, Malgosia
name: Osgood, Daniel E.
name: Peterson, Nicole
name: Gebremichael, Mengesha
name: Mullally, Conner
name: Teh, TseLing
name: Norton, Michael T.
name: Holthaus, Eric
name: Madajewicz, Malgosia
name: Osgood, Daniel E.
name: Peterson, Nicole
name: Gebremichael, Mengesha
name: Mullally, Conner
name: Teh, TseLing
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: There is much interest in weather index insurance as a poverty‐mitigating tool, but concerns persist about potential demand for the product among the poorest of the poor. This paper relates the experiences in rural areas of Tigray region, Ethiopia through both commercial sign‐up data and a series of experimental games conducted to test demand for weather index insurance. Demand was observed to be considerable in both.
Reconstruction of turbulent data with deep generative models for semantic inpainting from TURB-Rot database
Creators: name: Buzzicotti, M.
name: Bonaccorso, F.
name: Di Leoni, P. Clark
name: Biferale, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the applicability of tools developed by the computer vision community for features learning and semantic image inpainting to perform data reconstruction of fluid turbulence configurations. The aim is twofold. First, we explore on a quantitative basis, the capability of Convolutional Neural Networks embedded in a Deep Generative Adversarial Model (Deep-GAN) to generate missing data in turbulence, a paradigmatic high dimensional chaotic system. In particular, we investigate their use in reconstructing two-dimensional damaged snapshots extracted from a large database of numerical configurations of 3d turbulence in the presence of rotation, a case with multi-scale random features where both large-scale organised structures and small-scale highly intermittent and non-Gaussian fluctuations are present. Second, following a reverse engineering approach, we aim to rank the input flow properties (features) in terms of their qualitative and quantitative importance to obtain a better set of reconstructed fields. We present two approaches both based on Context Encoders. The first one infers the missing data via a minimization of the L2 pixel-wise reconstruction loss, plus a small adversarial penalisation. The second searches for the closest encoding of the corrupted flow configuration from a previously trained generator. Finally, we present a comparison with a different data assimilation tool, based on Nudging, an equation-informed unbiased protocol, well known in the numerical weather prediction community. The TURB-Rot database, http://smart-turb.roma2.infn.it, of roughly 300K 2d turbulent images is released and details on how to download it are given.
Thin and lumpy: an experimental investigation of water quality trading
Creators: name: Suter, Jordan F.
name: Spraggon, John M.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
name: Suter, Jordan F.
name: Spraggon, John M.
name: Poe, Gregory L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy

description: Water quality trading schemes in the United States can predominantly be characterized by low trading volumes. In this paper we utilize laboratory economics experiments to explore the extent to which the technology through which pollution abatement is achieved influences market outcomes. Mirroring the majority of water quality trading markets, the sessions utilize small trading groups composed of six participants. To understand the extent to which abatement technology influences trading behavior, the experimental treatments vary the degree of heterogeneity in initial abatement costs and the potential for long-lived investments in cost-reducing abatement technology.
Open Clusters as Tracers on Radial Migration of the Galactic Disk
Creators: name: Chen, Y. Q.
name: Zhao, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radial migration is an important process in the Galactic disk. A few open clusters show some evidence on this mechanism but there is no systematic study. In this work, we investigate the role of radial migration on the Galactic disk based on a large sample of 146 open clusters with homogeneous metallicity and age from Netopil et al. and kinematics calculated from Gaia DR2. The birth site Rb, guiding radius Rg and other orbital parameters are calculated, and the migration distance |Rg-Rb| is obtained, which is a combination of metallicity, kinematics and age information. It is found that 44% open clusters have |Rg-Rb|< 1 kpc, for which radial migration (churning) is not significant. Among the remaining 56% open clusters with |Rg-Rb|> 1 kpc, young ones with t<1.0 Gyr tend to migrate inward, while older clusters usually migrate outward. Different mechanisms of radial migration between young and old clusters are suggested based on their different migration rates, Galactic locations and orbital parameters. For the old group, we propose a plausible way to estimate migration rate and obtain a reasonable value of 1.5(+-0.5) kpc/Gyr based on ten intermediate-age clusters at the outer disk, where the existence of several special clusters implies its complicate formation history.
description: 10 pages, 12 figures,accepted by MNRAS
Price Transmission Asymmetries and Nonlinearities in the International Coffee Supply Chain
Creators: name: Lee, Jun
name: Gomez, Miguel I.
name: Lee, Jun
name: Gomez, Miguel I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Threshold
subject: Nonlinearity
subject: Asymmetric Price Transmission
subject: Roasted Coffee
subject: Germany
subject: United States
subject: France
subject: Error Correction Model

description: We examine two distinct and important dimensions (e.g. symmetry vs. asymmetry and linearity vs. nonlinearity) of price transmission from international to retail coffee prices in France, Germany and the United States. We show that ignoring these two features of the price transmission process may lead to misleading impact assessments resulting from the elimination of International Coffee Agreement (ICA) in 1990. Our results confirm the presence of threshold effects in both periods (ICA and post ICA) in all three countries. Our estimates show that, in the long-run, the speed of adjustment toward equilibrium becomes faster during the post-ICA period in France and Germany. Our results suggest that, for these two countries, changes in international prices did not influence retail prices in the short-run during the ICA period; in contrast, retail prices responded to changes in international prices in the post-ICA period. Our results suggest differences between the two European countries and the United States. Specifically, our results indicate that changes in international prices influence U.S. retail prices in both periods. Nonlinear impulse response analysis indicates that ICA elimination in 1990 increased the speed of adjustment toward the long-run equilibrium, given a shock in international coffee prices. Our results show that ignoring nonlinearities and asymmetries in price transmission may lead to incorrect assessment of the consequences accruing to the elimination of the ICA.
Product Insights: Analyzing Product Intents in Web Search
Creators: name: Rao, Nikitha
name: Bansal, Chetan
name: Mukherjee, Subhabrata
name: Maddila, Chandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Web search engines are frequently used to access information about products. This has increased in recent times with the rising popularity of e-commerce. However, there is limited understanding of what users search for and their intents when it comes to product search on the web. In this work, we study search logs from Bing web search engine to characterize user intents and study user behavior for product search. We propose a taxonomy of product intents by analyzing product search queries. This is a challenging task given that only 15%-17% of web search queries are about products. We train machine learning classifiers with query log features to classify queries based on intent with an overall F1-score of 78%. We further analyze various characteristics of product search queries in terms of search metrics like dwell time, success, popularity and session-specific information.
Test of Convergence in Agricultural Factor Productivity: A Semiparametric Approach
Creators: name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: Pandit, Mahesh
name: Poudel, Biswo N.
name: Paudel, Krishna P.
name: Pandit, Mahesh
name: Poudel, Biswo N.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Clubs
subject: sigma convergence
subject: cluster analysis
subject: semiparametric and nonparametric methods

description: We tested for club convergence in U.S. agricultural total factory productivity using a sigma convergence test. We used the same club of states as used by McCunn and Huffman as well as different states within 10 clubs identified by the cluster analysis. Results showed convergence was evident only in a few club groups. Clusters group identified using a statistical method identified only converging clubs. Variables affecting total factor productivity among states were identified using parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric methods. Semiparametric and nonparametric methods gave a better fit than a parametric method as indicated by the specification test. Our results indicated that health care expenditure, public research and extension investment, and private expenditure are important variables impacting total factor productivity differences across states.
Additional file 2 of Validation of the suction device Nimble for the assessment of skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis
Creators: name: Müller, Bettina
name: Ruby, Lisa
name: Jordan, Suzana
name: Rominger, Marga B.
name: Mazza, Edoardo
name: Distler, Oliver
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Pearson’s correlation coefficient r for evaluation of criterion and construct validity for both suction devices. Pearson’s correlation between stiffness measures kNimble and kR0 with mRSS (moderate to high) indicates criterion validity. Construct validity is assessed by Pearson’s correlation between kNimble and kR0.
Noncommutative Field Theory: Nonrelativistic Fermionic Field Coupled to the Chern-Simons Field in 2+1 Dimensions
Creators: name: Anacleto, M. A.
name: Gomes, M.
name: da Silva, A. J.
name: Spehler, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a noncommutative nonrelativistic fermionic field theory in 2+1 dimensions coupled to the Chern-Simons field. We perform a perturbative analysis of model and show that up to one loop the ultraviolet divergences are canceled and the infrared divergences are eliminated by the noncommutative Pauli term.
description: Some references added
Additional file 1 of The role of testosterone in chronic kidney disease and kidney function in men and women: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study in the UK Biobank
Creators: name: Zhao, Jie V.
name: C. Mary Schooling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Marine Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Associations of genetically predicted total testosterone in men and of genetically predicted bioavailable testosterone in women with CKD and kidney function in the UK Biobank using univariable MR. Table S2. Sensitivity analysis on the associations of genetically predicted bioavailable testosterone in men and of genetically predicted total testosterone in women with CKD and kidney function using different analysis methods in the univariable Mendelian randomization in the UK Biobank. Table S3. Sensitivity analysis excluding genetic variants* related to alcohol in Mendelian randomization in the UK Biobank. Table S4. Sensitivity analysis on the associations of bioavailable testosterone and total testosterone with CKD and kidney function in men and women in the UK Biobank using multivariable MR Egger. Table S5. Associations of genetically predicted total testosterone in men and of genetically predicted bioavailable testosterone in women with hemoglobin and HDL-cholesterol for validation of the genetic instrument in the UK Biobank using univariable and multivariable MR*. Table S6. Genetic predictors for eGFR.
Balanced Order Batching with Task-Oriented Graph Clustering
Creators: name: Duan, Lu
name: Hu, Haoyuan
name: Wu, Zili
name: Li, Guozheng
name: Zhang, Xinhang
name: Gong, Yu
name: Xu, Yinghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Balanced order batching problem (BOBP) arises from the process of warehouse picking in Cainiao, the largest logistics platform in China. Batching orders together in the picking process to form a single picking route, reduces travel distance. The reason for its importance is that order picking is a labor intensive process and, by using good batching methods, substantial savings can be obtained. The BOBP is a NP-hard combinational optimization problem and designing a good problem-specific heuristic under the quasi-real-time system response requirement is non-trivial. In this paper, rather than designing heuristics, we propose an end-to-end learning and optimization framework named Balanced Task-orientated Graph Clustering Network (BTOGCN) to solve the BOBP by reducing it to balanced graph clustering optimization problem. In BTOGCN, a task-oriented estimator network is introduced to guide the type-aware heterogeneous graph clustering networks to find a better clustering result related to the BOBP objective. Through comprehensive experiments on single-graph and multi-graphs, we show: 1) our balanced task-oriented graph clustering network can directly utilize the guidance of target signal and outperforms the two-stage deep embedding and deep clustering method; 2) our method obtains an average 4.57m and 0.13m picking distance ("m" is the abbreviation of the meter (the SI base unit of length)) reduction than the expert-designed algorithm on single and multi-graph set and has a good generalization ability to apply in practical scenario.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Petrology and geochemistry of the 25 MA Mt. Marion dufresne basaltic section on the Kerguelen Archipelago : constraining the transition from tholeiitic to mildly alkalic volcanism on a major oceanic island
Creators: name: Annell, Heidi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Flood basalts on the - 6500 km² Kerguelen Archipelago in the southern Indian Ocean formed in an intraplate location on the Antarctic plate between 29-24 Ma as the Southeast Indian Ridge migrated from - 225 to - 400 km northeast relative to the Kerguelen hotspot. A - 700 m section of basalts exposed at Mt. Marion Dufresne, in the southern part of the Plateau Central, contains both transitional-tholeiitic and mildly alkalic lavas (A.I. -0.8 to 2.0) that are geochemically and isotopically variable, and captures an important period of time (-1 Myr) near the end of flood basalt volcanism on the Kerguelen Archipelago. The basal 300 m of the section consists of low-MgO (<5.2 wt. %) predominantly aphyric lavas characterized by a limited range of "enriched" isotopic compositions (¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf =.0.28282-0.28287; ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7048-0.7050; ¹⁴³Nd / ¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.5126-0.5127; ²⁰⁷Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb = 15.54-15.56) similar to compositions observed in the enriched 24-25 Ma mildly alkalic lavas to the east and southeast (e.g. Mt. Crozier). This aphyric sequence of basalts appears to represent a "steady state" magmatic system where differentiation occurred primarily in a solid-dominated (mush or slurry) environment. Highly calcic (>An ₈₀) plagioclase compositions observed in intercalated plagioclasephyric and ultraphyric basalts from the upper part of this interval signal a change in crystallization environments to relatively shallow (-5-6 km) magma storage and relatively hydrous conditions (>3 wt.% H₂0 ). The low-MgO basaltic lavas are overlain by a thick (-400 m) succession of olivine-phyric high-MgO basalts (7.1-11.4 wt.%) that is interpreted to represent an interval of increased magma supply and eruptive flux. Olivine whole-rock Fe/Mg relations indicate that olivine phenocrysts with ~Fo ₈₀-₈₆ are in equilibrium with parental magma compositions of 8-10 wt% MgO. Unlike the low-MgO lavas, these high-MgO basalts span a range of "depleted" isotopic compositions (⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf = 0.28292-0.28300, ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr = 0.7040-0.7046, ¹⁴³Nd / ¹⁴⁴Nd = 0.5127-0.5128, and ²⁰⁷Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb = 15.49-15.52) and represent the first documented occurrence of a depleted mantle component in mildly alkalic basalts from the Kerguelen Archipelago. The presence of this depleted mantle component, which is compositionally similar to that observed in the older 28-29 Ma basalts in the northern part of the archipelago, reflects a short term increase in the extent of melting beneath the oceanic lithosphere and renewed interaction between Southeast Indian Ridge MORB-type asthenosphere and the enriched component of Kerguelen mantle plume at 25 Ma.
Non-local linear-response functions for thermal transport computed with equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulation
Creators: name: Fernando, Kevin
name: Schelling, Patrick K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We establish an approach to compute linear-response functions to elucidate heat waves and non-local thermal transport. The theory is able to describe the response of a system to external heat sources that are nonuniform in space and time. The response functions are computed using equilibrium molecular-dynamics simulations of an Ar crystal modeled using the standard Lennard-Jones potential. It is shown that for low temperatures and short length scales, transport can be partially or even completely ballistic, with the response primarily limited by the group velocity of lattice waves. By contrast, at longer length scales and higher temperatures, the response functions correspond more closely to diffusive transport characteristic of Fourier's law. It is also shown how the effective thermal conductivity can be determined in a partially-ballistic regime. The results demonstrate the known reduction in the effective thermal conductivity observed when system dimensions are smaller than the mean-free path for lattice waves. Finally, we show how determination of the relevant response functions can be used to model heating of a crystal without requiring additional atomic-scale simulations. Differences between computed results and predictions from Fourier's law represent wave-like, partially-ballistic transport.
description: Changes:: Title has changed. Previous assumptions about the denominator in Eq. 22 were incorrect. These are now found by MD simulation. The response functions are slightly changed as result. Figures 8-10 are changed. Time-dependence of the source is explained in Appendix A. More references were included to justify the approach used to derive Eq. 22
Vacuum Decay on a Brane World
Creators: name: Davis, Stephen C.
name: Brechet, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The bubble nucleation rate for a first order phase transition occurring on a brane world is calculated. Both the Coleman-de Luccia thin wall instanton and the Hawking-Moss instanton are considered. The results are compared with the corresponding nucleation rates for standard four-dimensional gravity.
description: 5 pages
Actions of the monodromy matrix elements onto $\mathfrak{gl}(m|n)$-invariant Bethe vectors
Creators: name: Hutsalyuk, A.
name: Liashyk, A.
name: Pakuliak, S. Z.
name: Ragoucy, E.
name: Slavnov, N. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multiple actions of the monodromy matrix elements onto off-shell Bethe vectors in the $\mathfrak{gl}(m|n)$-invariant quantum integrable models are calculated. These actions are used to describe recursions for the highest coefficients in the sum formula for the scalar product. For simplicity, detailed proofs are given for the $\mathfrak{gl}(m)$ case. The results for the supersymmetric case can be obtained similarly and are formulated without proofs.
description: 28 pages
Wavefront dislocations reveal the topology of quasi-1D photonic insulators
Creators: name: Dutreix, C.
name: Bellec, M.
name: Delplace, P.
name: Mortessagne, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phase singularities appear ubiquitously in wavefields, regardless of the wave equation. Such topological defects can lead to wavefront dislocations, as observed in a humongous number of classical wave experiments. Phase singularities of wave functions are also at the heart of the topological classification of the gapped phases of matter. Despite identical singular features, topological insulators and topological defects in waves remain two distinct fields. Realising 1D microwave insulators, we experimentally observe a wavefront dislocation - a 2D phase singularity - in the local density of states when the systems undergo a topological phase transition. We show theoretically that the change in the number of interference fringes at the transition reveals the topological index that characterises the band topology in the insulator.
Diffuse Cosmic Neutrino Background from Population III Stars
Creators: name: Iocco, F.
name: Mangano, G.
name: Miele, G.
name: Raffelt, G. G.
name: Serpico, P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the expected diffuse cosmic neutrino flux produced by Population III (PopIII) stars during their nuclear burning phases as well as from their final stages of evolution (core collapse). Assuming a fraction f_III=10^(-3) of all baryons forms PopIII stars, our flux estimate is comparable to the diffuse neutrino flux produced by the ordinary stars and by the ordinary core-collapse supernovae in the universe, i.e. of order 1-10 cm^(-2) s^(-1). Due to the large cosmic redshift, however, the typical energies are in the MeV and sub-MeV range where the solar and geophysical neutrino fluxes are much larger. A direct detection of the diffuse cosmic flux is out of the question with presently known experimental techniques.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures
Social Capital as a Building Block of a Developed Economy: Evidence from the United States
Creators: name: Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon
name: Raszap Skorbiansky, Sharon
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: Institutional and Behavioral Economics

description: We determine the effect of individual social capital on income in the United States. We use data from the General Social Survey and separate individuals into three different occupation groups: occupations who require continual usage of social capital, such as carpenters and plumbers; occupations with one time usage of social capital, such finding the job; and farming jobs. We find that social capital has a positive effect on all types of incomes, though only find significant results for \desk jobs", with a 20% effect of social capital on income. This number is consistent with findings for other countries with different types of social capital mechanisms.
Dissipation-based Quantum Sensing of Magnons with a Superconducting Qubit
Creators: name: Wolski, Samuel Piotr
name: Lachance-Quirion, Dany
name: Tabuchi, Yutaka
name: Kono, Shingo
name: Noguchi, Atsushi
name: Usami, Koji
name: Nakamura, Yasunobu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hybrid quantum devices expand the tools and techniques available for quantum sensing in various fields. Here, we experimentally demonstrate quantum sensing of the steady-state magnon population in a magnetostatic mode of a ferrimagnetic crystal. Dispersively coupling the magnetostatic mode to a superconducting qubit allows the detection of magnons using Ramsey interferometry with a sensitivity on the order of $10^{-3}$ $\text{magnons}/\sqrt{\text{Hz}}$. The protocol is based on dissipation as dephasing via fluctuations in the magnetostatic mode reduces the qubit coherence proportionally to the number of magnons.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, Supplementary Material (23 pages, 14 figures)
The origin of nitrogen: Implications of recent measurements of N/O in Galactic metal-poor stars
Creators: name: Chiappini, C.
name: Matteucci, F.
name: Ballero, S. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent new high-precision abundance data for Galactic halo stars suggest important primary nitrogen production in very metal-poor massive stars. Here, we compute a new model for the chemical evolution of the Milky Way aimed at explaining these new abundance data. The new data can be explained by adopting: a) the stellar yields obtained from stellar models that take into account rotation and b) an extra production of nitrogen in the very metal-poor massive stars. In particular, we suggest an increase of nearly a factor of 200 in 14N for a star of 60 Msun and 40 for a star of 9Msun, for metallicities below Z=10$^{-5}$, with respect to the yields given in the literature for Z=10$^{-5}$ and rotational velocity of 300 km/s. We show that once we adopt the above prescriptions, our model is able to predict high N/O abundance ratios at low metallicities and still explains the nitrogen abundances observed in thin disk stars in the solar vicinity. The physical motivation for a larger nitrogen production in massive stars in very metal-poor environments could be the fact that some stellar models as well as observational data suggest that at low metallicities stars rotate faster. If this is the case, such large nitrogen production seen in the pristine phases of the halo formation would not necessarily happen in Damped Lyman-alpha systems which have metallicities always above [Fe/H]$\simeq -$2.5, and could have been pre-enriched. We also compute the abundance gradient of N/O along the Galactic disk and show that a negative gradient is predicted once we adopt stellar yields where rotation is taken into account. The latter result implies that intermediate mass stars contribute less to the primary nitrogen than previously thought.
description: A&A (in press), 9 pages (including 5 figures), references updated after proof corrections
Fiske steps studied with flux-flow resistance oscillation in a narrow stack of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d junctions
Creators: name: Kim, S. M.
name: Wang, H. B.
name: Hatano, T.
name: Urayama, S.
name: Kawakami, S.
name: Nagao, M.
name: Takano, Y.
name: Lee, K.
name: Yamashita, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have experimentally investigated the fluxon dynamics in a narrow Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+d stack with junction length L~1.8 um. As an evidence of high-frequency excitation by a collective cavity mode, under an (in-plane) external magnetic field, the current-voltage characteristics show prominent Fiske steps with the corresponding resonance frequencies of 75-305 GHz. Further study of flux-flow resistance oscillation with various c-axis currents clarifies the correlation with Fiske steps by distinguishing two different regions i.e., static flux-flow region at low bias current level and dynamic Fiske step region at high bias current level.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Numerical simulation of canopy flow and carbon dioxide flux at the west coast flux station
Creators: name: Sun, Haizhen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Using an eddy covariance-approach to estimate net-ecosystem-exchange (NEE) of carbon dioxide (CO₂) requires that advection is negligible. This approach assumes flat and homogenous terrain. Sloping and heterogeneous topography may contribute to errors in estimating carbon sequestration or loss of an ecosystem. The complex topography at the West Coast Flux station on Vancouver Island raises uncertainties on the estimation of NEE. This research employs a high-resolution atmospheric model to study the effects of a deep forest canopy on atmospheric boundary-layer flow, and to evaluate the roles of mesoscale flow and the advection effects on NEE estimates. The model is refined to include tree-drag, radiation effects of canopy on surface energy budget, CO₂ budget and soil conduction. Over an idealized two-dimensional mountain of similar horizontal and vertical scales as Vancouver Island, the numerical simulations capture the first-order effects of diurnal heating/cooling on the sloping terrain during fair-weather. The volume exchange of heat, momentum and CO₂ above and within the canopy appears to be strongly affected by the local flows resulting from diurnal thermal forcing, land/sea breezes and convective thermals. Synoptic-scale forcing is neglected. The simulated CO₂ concentration shows significant variation and gradients near the surface, corresponding to the diurnal change of stability in the atmospheric boundary layer. The time evolution of CO₂ spatial field exhibits the transport processes at night by drainage flows. The CO₂ budget analysis further quantifies the contributions of horizontal and vertical advection. The estimated NEE by only using the sum of the storage change and vertical flux results in large fluctuation during daytime and underestimation of nocturnal respiration by about 40%. When we reduce the effects of strong convection by subtracting a half-hour average from instantaneous variables, as is done in eddy-covariance approach, the daytime fluctuations of estimated NEE are strongly decreased and the estimated nocturnal respiration is within 20% of the prescribed source. Back-streakline analysis shows that the advection source areas of CO₂ reaching the flux towers during fall are mainly from the northwest and southeast along Georgia Strait with a larger advective source area during daytime and a smaller one at night.
Improved estimations of stochastic chemical kinetics by finite state expansion
Creators: name: Waizmann, Tabea
name: Bortolussi, Luca
name: Vandin, Andrea
name: Tribastone, Mirco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stochastic reaction networks are a fundamental model to describe interactions between species where random fluctuations are relevant. The master equation provides the evolution of the probability distribution across the discrete state space consisting of vectors of population counts for each species. However, since its exact solution is often elusive, several analytical approximations have been proposed. The deterministic rate equation (DRE) gives a macroscopic approximation as a compact system of differential equations that estimate the average populations for each species, but it may be inaccurate in the case of nonlinear interaction dynamics. Here we propose finite state expansion (FSE), an analytical method mediating between the microscopic and the macroscopic interpretations of a stochastic reaction network by coupling the master equation dynamics of a chosen subset of the discrete state space with the mean population dynamics of the DRE. An algorithm translates a network into an expanded one where each discrete state is represented as a further distinct species. This translation exactly preserves the stochastic dynamics, but the DRE of the expanded network can be interpreted as a correction to the original one. The effectiveness of FSE is demonstrated in models that challenge state-of-the-art techniques due to intrinsic noise, multi-scale populations, and multi-stability.
description: 33 pages, 9 figures
Duality invariance of all free bosonic and fermionic gauge fields
Creators: name: Deser, S.
name: Seminara, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a simple general extension to all free bosonic and fermionic massless gauge fields of a recent proof that spin 2 is duality invariant in flat space. We also discuss its validity in (A)dS backgrounds and the relevance of supersymmetry.
description: 3 pages
GESTÃO DAS UNIDADES TERMINAIS DE SUINOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE NOVA MUTUM-MT
Creators: name: Oliveira, Nilton Marques
name: Zuniga, Abraham Damian Giraldo
name: Oliveira, Nilton Marques
name: Zuniga, Abraham Damian Giraldo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Organização
subject: Suíno
subject: Mato Grosso
subject: informação
subject: Organization
subject: Swine
subject: information

description: O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a gestão das Unidades Terminais de Suínos e sua caracterização contábil administrativo no Município de Nova Mutum-MT. A metodologia consiste na pesquisa de campo, através de questionários aplicados a partir de uma coleta de dados de onze produtores. Os principais resultados evidenciam que os produtores rurais têm como meta aumentar a capacidade produtiva das Unidades, está satisfeito com o investimento, apesar de várias crises sucessivas no setor suinícola. As Unidades Terminais de Suínos ocupam-se de duas a três pessoas, suficientes para administrar um lote de 200 a 400 leitões, suas benfeitorias são boas e recentes. Os proprietários oferecem treinamentos de mão-de-obra aos seus funcionários referentes ao manejo e movimentação. Aqueles são instruídos e muitos utilizam os escritórios de contabilidade para atender a legislação fiscal e obtenção de financiamento.---------------------------------------------The objective of this work is to analyze the management of the Units Swine Terminals and its administrative countable characterization in the City of New Mutum-TM. The methodology of this work consists of the field research, through questionnaires applied from a collection of data of eleven producers. The main results evidence that the agricultural producers, have as objective to increase the productive capacity of the Units, are satisfied with the investment, although some successive crises in the suinícola sector. The Units Swine Terminals occupy of two the three people, sufficient to manage a lot of 200 the 400 pigs, its improvements are good and recent. The proprietors offer to training of man power to its employees referring to the handling and movement. Those are instructed and many use the accounting offices to take care of to the fiscal legislation and attainment of financing.
Topological B-Model and \hat{c}=1 Fermionic Strings
Creators: name: Oz, Yaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct topological B-model descriptions of \hat{c}=1 strings, and corresponding Dijkgraaf-Vafa type matrix models and quiver gauge theories.
description: 6 pages, Contribution to the 37th International Symposium Ahrenshoop on the Theory of Elementary Particles
Additional file 2 of Evaluating the efficacy and safety of GKT137831 in adults with type 1 diabetes and persistently elevated urinary albumin excretion: a statistical analysis plan
Creators: name: Livera, Alysha M. De
name: Reutens, Anne
name: Cooper, Mark
name: Thomas, Merlin
name: Jandeleit-Dahm, Karin
name: Shaw, Jonathan E.
name: Agus Salim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Additional file 2: Supplementary Table 2. Safety outcome measures.
Isometric immersions into 3-dimensional homogeneous manifolds
Creators: name: Daniel, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C42; 53A35; 53B25

description: We give a necessary and sufficient condition for a 2-dimensional Riemannian manifold to be locally isometrically immersed into a 3-dimensional homogeneous manifold with a 4-dimensional isometry group. The condition is expressed in terms of the metric, the second fundamental form, and data arising from an ambient Killing field. This class of 3-manifolds includes in particular the Berger spheres, the Heisenberg space Nil(3), the universal cover of the Lie group PSL(2,R) and the product spaces S^2 x R and H^2 x R. We give some applications to constant mean curvature (CMC) surfaces in these manifolds; in particular we prove the existence of a generalized Lawson correspondence, i.e., a local isometric correspondence between CMC surfaces in homogeneous 3-manifolds.
description: 38 pages, 1 figure