cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Superfluids in rotation: Landau-Lifshitz vortex sheets vs Onsager-Feynman vortices
Creators: name: Volovik, G. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The paper by Landau and Lifshitz on vortex sheets in rotating superfluid appeared in 1955 almost at the same time when Feynman published his paper on quantized vortices in superfluid 4He. For a long time this paper has been considered as an error. But 40 years later the vortex sheets have been detected in chiral superfluid 3He-A in the rotating cryostat constructed in the Olli Lounasmaa Low Temperature Laboratory (Otaniemi, Finland). The equation derived by Landau and Lifshits for the distance between the vortex sheets as a function of the angular velocity of rotation has been experimentally confirmed, which is the triumph of the theory. We discuss different configurations of the vortex sheets observed and to be observed in superfluid 3He-A.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures, the talk at the meeting dedicated to the 100th-anniversary of E.M. Lifshitz, version accepted to "Physics-Uspekhi" journal
Supplmentary Material from Robust subspace methods for outlier detection in genomic data circumvents the curse of dimensionality.
Creators: name: Shetta, Omar
name: Mahesan Niranjan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Biology
subject: 80109 Pattern Recognition and Data Mining
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: It provides material that goes through mathematical derivations, paramter tuning procedure, covergence plots of algorithms and additonal results. When supplmentary information is requiered it is referred to in the main manuscript.
Linked Data (RDF) Workshop, British Library, 2010
Creators: name: Williford, Christa
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Following a successful launch of the “Global Digital Libraries Collaborative” in November 2009,[1] the British Library sponsored an instructional and planning workshop on the topic of Linked Data in the context of digital libraries. The concept of Linked Data, a term closely tied with the idea of the Semantic Web and coined by W3C director and web pioneer Sir Tim Berners-Lee, describes exploiting web technologies to interconnect information that has not been explicitly linked by creators or curators. The mechanisms required to realize the goals of the Semantic web are a data model and series of formats and protocols described by the W3C as the Resource Description Framework (RDF). While such tools may not completely replace the need to build shared, domain-specific data repositories, at least in the short run, it is difficult to imagine digital libraries interoperating at a truly global scale without a commonly held model for data interchange that is as lightweight, sustainable, and extensible as the RDF promises to be.
Microwave-optical double resonance in a erbium-doped whispering-gallery-mode resonator
Creators: name: Ma, Li
name: Trainor, Luke S.
name: King, Gavin G. G.
name: Schwefel, Harald G. L.
name: Longdell, Jevon J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We showcase an erbium-doped whispering-gallery-mode resonator with optical modes that display intrinsic quality factors better than $10^8$ (linewidths less than 2 MHz), and coupling strengths to collective erbium transitions of up to 2$π\times$1.2 GHz - enough to reach the ensemble strong coupling regime. Our optical cavity sits inside a microwave resonator, allowing us to probe the spin transition which is tuned by an external magnetic field. We show a modified optically detected magnetic resonance measurement that measures population transfer by a change in coupling strength rather than absorption coefficient. This modification was enabled by the strong coupling to our modes, and allows us to optically probe the spin transition detuned by more than the inhomogeneous linewidth. We contrast this measurement with electron paramagnetic resonance to experimentally show that our optical modes are confined in a region of large microwave magnetic field and we explore how such a geometry could be used for coherent microwave-optical transduction.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Supplementary methods and results from Substrate use drives the macroevolution of mammalian tail morphological diversity.
Creators: name: Mincer, Sarah T.
name: Russo, Gabrielle A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: External length is one of the most conspicuous aspects of mammalian tail diversity. Factors that influence the evolution of tail morphological diversity have been proposed for particular taxa, including habitat, diet, locomotion and climate. However, no study to date has investigated such factors at a large phylogenetic scale to elucidate what drives tail length evolution in and across mammalian lineages. We use phylogenetic comparative methods to test a priori hypotheses regarding proposed factors influencing tail length, explore possible interactions between factors using evolutionary best-fit models, and map evolutionary patterns of tail length for specific mammalian lineages. Across mammals, substrate use is a significant factor influencing tail length, with arboreal species maintaining selection for longer tails. Non-arboreal species instead exhibit a wider range of tail lengths, secondarily influenced by differences in locomotion, diet and climate. Tail loss events are revealed to occur in the context of both long and short tails and influential factors are clade dependent. Some mammalian groups (e.g. Macaca; primates) exhibit elevated rates of tail length evolution, indicating that morphological evolution may be accelerated in groups characterized by diverse substrate use, locomotor modes and climate.
SPRINGTIME VARIATIONS IN PLANKTON COMMUNITIES ON THE BAY-OF-CALVI (CORSICA) IN RELATION TO LOCAL PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS
Creators: name: Brohee, M.
name: Goffart, A.
name: Frankignoulle, M.
name: Henri, V.
name: Mouchet, A.
name: Hecq, J. H.
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 1989

Abstract
(4273) Robert Ingles
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Physical Performance Characteristics of Assisted Living Residents and Risk for Adverse Health Outcomes
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
name: Giuliani, Carol A.
name: Gruber-Baldini, Ann L.
name: Park, Nan S.
name: Sloane, Philip D.
name: Schrodt, Lori A.
name: Rokoske, Franzi
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: Little is known about the physical performance ability of residential care/assisted living (RC/AL) residents and its relationship to adverse outcomes such as fracture, nursing home placement, functional decline, and death. The purposes of this paper are to: 1) describe the functional characteristics of RC/AL residents; 2) examine the relationships between resident- and facility-characteristics and physical performance; and 3) determine the predictive value of physical performance for adverse outcomes.
GERLUMPH Data Release 2: 2.5 billion simulated microlensing light curves
Creators: name: Vernardos, Georgios
name: Fluke, Christopher J.
name: Bate, Nicholas F.
name: Croton, Darren
name: Vohl, Dany
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the upcoming synoptic all--sky survey era of astronomy, thousands of new multiply imaged quasars are expected to be discovered and monitored regularly. Light curves from the images of gravitationally lensed quasars are further affected by superimposed variability due to microlensing. In order to disentangle the microlensing from the intrinsic variability of the light curves, the time delays between the multiple images have to be accurately measured. The resulting microlensing light curves can then be analyzed to reveal information about the background source, such as the size of the quasar accretion disc. In this paper we present the most extensive and coherent collection of simulated microlensing light curves; we have generated $>2.5$ billion light curves using the GERLUMPH high resolution microlensing magnification maps. Our simulations can be used to: train algorithms to measure lensed quasar time delays, plan future monitoring campaigns, and study light curve properties throughout parameter space. Our data are openly available to the community and are complemented by online eResearch tools, located at http://gerlumph.swin.edu.au .
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJSS, data available from http://gerlumph.swin.edu.au
The End-of-Life Experience in Long-Term Care: Five Themes Identified From Focus Groups With Residents, Family Members, and Staff
Creators: name: Meier, Andrea
name: Biola, Holly
name: Williams, Christianna S.
name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
name: Dobbs, Debra
name: Munn, Jean C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: This study was designed to examine the end-of-life (EOL) experience in long-term care (LTC) based on input from key stakeholders.
(4274) James Ingles
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary methods and results from Substrate use drives the macroevolution of mammalian tail morphological diversity
Creators: name: Mincer, Sarah T.
name: Russo, Gabrielle A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: External length is one of the most conspicuous aspects of mammalian tail diversity. Factors that influence the evolution of tail morphological diversity have been proposed for particular taxa, including habitat, diet, locomotion and climate. However, no study to date has investigated such factors at a large phylogenetic scale to elucidate what drives tail length evolution in and across mammalian lineages. We use phylogenetic comparative methods to test a priori hypotheses regarding proposed factors influencing tail length, explore possible interactions between factors using evolutionary best-fit models, and map evolutionary patterns of tail length for specific mammalian lineages. Across mammals, substrate use is a significant factor influencing tail length, with arboreal species maintaining selection for longer tails. Non-arboreal species instead exhibit a wider range of tail lengths, secondarily influenced by differences in locomotion, diet and climate. Tail loss events are revealed to occur in the context of both long and short tails and influential factors are clade dependent. Some mammalian groups (e.g. Macaca; primates) exhibit elevated rates of tail length evolution, indicating that morphological evolution may be accelerated in groups characterized by diverse substrate use, locomotor modes and climate.
Appendices S1-S4 from Trade-off between offspring mass and number: the lightest offspring bear the costs.
Creators: name: Walle, Joanie Van De
name: Zedrosser, Andreas
name: Swenson, Jon E.
name: Pelletier, Fanie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between offspring size and number. However, the role of intra-litter phenotypic variation in shaping this trade-off is often disregarded. We compared the strength of the relationship between litter size and mass from the perspective of the lightest and the heaviest yearling offspring in 110 brown bear litters in Sweden. We showed that the mass of the lightest yearlings decreased with increasing litter size, but that the mass of the heaviest yearling remained stable, regardless of litter size. Consistent with a conservative reproductive strategy, our results suggest that mothers maintained a stable investment in a fraction of the litter, while transferring the costs of larger litter size to the remaining offspring. Ignoring intra-litter phenotypic variation may obscure our ability to detect a trade-off between offspring size and number.
(4270) Arthur Arkley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Understanding the Intersection of Individual Needs and Choices With Organizational Practices: The Case of Medication Management in Assisted Living
Creators: name: Schumacher, John G.
name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
name: Carder, Paula C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Purpose: Making choices about everyday activities is a normal event for many adults. However, when an adult moves into an assisted living (AL) community, making choices becomes complicated by perceived needs and community practices. This study examines the relationship between choice and need in the context of practices, using medication administration practices as the case in point. Design and Methods: A 5-year ethnographic study collected information from 6 AL settings in Maryland. Ethnographic interviews (n = 323) and field notes comprise the data described in this article. Results: AL organizations used practice rationales based on state regulations, professional responsibility, safety concerns, and social model values to describe and explain their setting-specific practices. The result was varying levels of congruence between the setting's practices and individual resident's needs and choices. That is, in some cases, the resident's needs were lost to the organization's practices, and in other cases, organizations adapted to resident need and choices. These findings suggest that individuals and organizations adapt to each other, resulting in practices that are not bound by state requirement or other practice rationales. Implications: AL residences vary due to both internal and external forces, not just the public policies that define them. State regulations need to be responsive to both the needs and the choices of individual residents and to the people who work in an AL.
Multipartite entanglement detection based on generalized state-dependent entropic uncertainty relation for multiple measurements
Creators: name: Ren, Li-Hang
name: Shi, Yun-Hao
name: Chen, Jin-Jun
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the generalized state-dependent entropic uncertainty relations in multiple measurements setting, and the optimal lower bound is obtained by considering different measurement sequences. We then apply this uncertainty relation to witness entanglement, and give the experimentally accessible lower bounds on both bipartite and tripartite entanglements. This method of detecting entanglement is applied to a physical system of two particles on a one-dimensional lattice, and GHZ-Werner state. It is shown that, for measurements that are not in mutually unbiased bases, this new entropic uncertainty relation is superior to the previous state-independent one in entanglement detection. Furthermore, we conduct an online experiment to detect multipartite entanglement of GHZ states up to 10 qubits on Quafu cloud quantum computation platform. Our results might play important roles in detecting multipartite entanglement experimentally.
description: 8 pages,4 figures
Concordance of Family and Staff Member Reports About End of Life in Assisted Living and Nursing Homes
Creators: name: Rich, Shayna E.
name: Williams, Christianna S.
name: Zimmerman, Sheryl
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Purpose: To identify differences in perspectives that may complicate the process of joint decision making at the end of life, this study determined the agreement of family and staff perspectives about end-of-life experiences in nursing homes and residential care/assisted living communities and whether family and staff roles, involvement in care, and interaction are associated with such agreement. Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined agreement in 336 family–staff pairs of postdeath telephone interviews conducted as part of the Collaborative Studies of Long-Term Care. Eligible deaths occurred in or within 3 days of leaving one of a stratified random sample of 113 long-term care facilities in four states and after the resident had lived in the facility ³15 days of the last month of life. McNemar p values and kappas were determined for each concordance variable, and mixed logistic models were run. Results: Chance-adjusted family–staff agreement was poor for expectation of death within weeks (66.9% agreement, κ = .33), course of illness (62.9%, 0.18), symptom burden (59.6%, 0.18), and familiarity with resident’s physician (59.2%, 0.05). Staff were more likely than family to expect death (70.2% vs 51.5%, p < .001) and less likely to report low symptom burden (39.6% vs 46.6%, p = .07). Staff involvement in care related to concordance and perspectives of adult children were more similar to those of staff than were other types of family members. Implications: Family and staff perspectives about end-of-life experiences may differ substantially; efforts can be made to improve family–staff communication and interaction for joint decision making.
Flat bands as a route to high-temperature superconductivity in graphite
Creators: name: Heikkila, Tero T.
name: Volovik, Grigori E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity is traditionally viewed as a low-temperature phenomenon. Within the BCS theory this is understood to result from the fact that the pairing of electrons takes place only close to the usually two-dimensional Fermi surface residing at a finite chemical potential. Because of this, the critical temperature is exponentially suppressed compared to the microscopic energy scales. On the other hand, pairing electrons around a dispersionless (flat) energy band leads to very strong superconductivity, with a mean-field critical temperature linearly proportional to the microscopic coupling constant. The prize to be paid is that flat bands can generally be generated only on surfaces and interfaces, where high-temperature superconductivity would show up. The flat-band character and the low dimensionality also mean that despite the high critical temperature such a superconducting state would be subject to strong fluctuations. Here we discuss the topological and non-topological flat bands discussed in different systems, and show that graphite is a good candidate for showing high-temperature flat-band interface superconductivity.
description: Submitted as a chapter to the book on "Basic Physics of functionalized Graphite", 21 pages, 12 figures
Two new closely related species of Copidognathus (Acari:Halacaridae) associated with crabs
Creators: name: PEPATO, Almir Rogério
name: SANTOS, Cynthia
name: TIAGO, Cláudio Gonçalves
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2005

description: Juveniles and adults of two species belonging to the genus Copidognathus were found associated with crabs. C.
 libiniensis sp. nov. was found in the abdomen of males of Libinia spinosa H. Milne Edwards, 1934 (Decapoda, Pisidae)
 while C. menippensis sp. nov. was found in ovigerous and post-ovigerous females of Menippe nodifrons Stimpson,1859
 (Decapoda, Menippidae). Both species are described and ecological remarks are made.
Use of Pressure-Redistributing Support Surfaces Among Elderly Hip Fracture Patients Across the Continuum of Care: Adherence to Pressure Ulcer Prevention Guidelines
Creators: name: Baumgarten, Mona
name: Langenberg, Patricia
name: Margolis, David
name: McArdle, Patrick
name: Sterling, Robert
name: Magaziner, Jay
name: Shardell, Michelle
name: Jones, Patricia S.
name: Rich, Shayna
name: Orwig, Denise
name: Hawkes, William
name: Palmer, Mary H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Purpose: To estimate the frequency of use of pressure-redistributing support surfaces (PRSS) among hip fracture patients and to determine whether higher pressure ulcer risk is associated with greater PRSS use. Design and Methods: Patients (n = 658) aged ≥65 years who had surgery for hip fracture were examined by research nurses at baseline and on alternating days for 21 days. Information on PRSS use and pressure ulcer risk factors was recorded at each assessment visit. Other information was obtained by interview and chart review. Results: A PRSS was observed at 36.4% of the 5,940 study visits. The odds of PRSS use were lower in the rehabilitation setting (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3–0.6), in the nursing home (adjusted OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1–0.3), and during readmission to the acute setting (adjusted OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4–0.9) than in the initial acute setting. There was wide variation in frequency of PRSS use by admission hospital, even after adjusting for pressure ulcer risk factors. The relationships between PRSS use and pressure ulcer risk factors were not strong. Implications: In this study of hip fracture patients, adherence to guidelines for PRSS use was low and was based more on facility-related factors than on patient risk. There is an urgent need for health care providers to improve strategies for the prevention of pressure ulcers in high-risk patients.
Appendices S1-S4 from Trade-off between offspring mass and number: the lightest offspring bear the costs
Creators: name: Walle, Joanie Van De
name: Zedrosser, Andreas
name: Swenson, Jon E.
name: Pelletier, Fanie
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Life-history theory predicts a trade-off between offspring size and number. However, the role of intra-litter phenotypic variation in shaping this trade-off is often disregarded. We compared the strength of the relationship between litter size and mass from the perspective of the lightest and the heaviest yearling offspring in 110 brown bear litters in Sweden. We showed that the mass of the lightest yearlings decreased with increasing litter size, but that the mass of the heaviest yearling remained stable, regardless of litter size. Consistent with a conservative reproductive strategy, our results suggest that mothers maintained a stable investment in a fraction of the litter, while transferring the costs of larger litter size to the remaining offspring. Ignoring intra-litter phenotypic variation may obscure our ability to detect a trade-off between offspring size and number.
Review of the biology, ecology and fisheries of Palinurus spp. species of European waters: Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) and Palinurus mauritanicus (Gruvel, 1911)
Creators: name: GOÑI, Raquel
name: LATROUITE, Daniel
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2005

description: Palinurus elephas and Palinurus mauritanicus are the only species of the family Palinuridae that occur in the
 Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean. Of the two, Palinurus elephas is the most abundant and accessible and has
 traditionally been the preferred target of lobster fisheries throughout its range. Palinurus mauritanicus has a deeper distri-
 bution and has been an important target of fisheries mainly in the Central Eastern Atlantic. The high unit value and the rel-
 ative scarcity of these species have been important obstacles to research and knowledge of their biology, ecology and fish-
 eries is limited. Nevertheless, over time a considerable number of studies has been conducted, though most of these are
 contained in university theses or in publications of limited circulation. This review is an up-to-date overview of available
 knowledge on the biology, ecology and fisheries of the two spiny lobster species of European waters.
Observation of a nuclear recoil peak at the 100 eV scale induced by neutron capture
Creators: name: CRAB Collaboration
name: NUCLEUS Collaboration
name: Abele, H.
name: Angloher, G.
name: Bento, A.
name: Canonica, L.
name: Cappella, F.
name: Cardani, L.
name: Casali, N.
name: Cerulli, R.
name: Chalil, A.
name: Chebboubi, A.
name: Colantoni, I.
name: Crocombette, J. -P.
name: Cruciani, A.
name: Del Castello, G.
name: Roccagiovine, M. del Gallo
name: Desforge, D.
name: Doblhammer, A.
name: Dumonteil, E.
name: Dorer, S.
name: Erhart, A.
name: Fuss, A.
name: Friedl, M.
name: Garai, A.
name: Ghete, V. M.
name: Giuliani, A.
name: Goupy, C.
name: Gunsing, F.
name: Hauff, D.
name: Jeanneau, F.
name: Jericha, E.
name: Kaznacheeva, M.
name: Kinast, A.
name: Kluck, H.
name: Langenkämper, A.
name: Lasserre, T.
name: Letourneau, A.
name: Lhuillier, D.
name: Litaize, O.
name: Mancuso, M.
name: de Marcillac, P.
name: Marnieros, S.
name: Materna, T.
name: Mauri, B.
name: Mazzolari, A.
name: Mazzucato, E.
name: Neyrial, H.
name: Nones, C.
name: Oberauer, L.
name: Ortmann, T.
name: Ouzriat, A.
name: Pattavina, L.
name: Peters, L.
name: Petricca, F.
name: Poda, D. V.
name: Potzel, W.
name: Pröbst, F.
name: Reindl, F.
name: Rogly, R.
name: Romagnoni, M.
name: Rothe, J.
name: Schermer, N.
name: Schieck, J.
name: Schönert, S.
name: Schwertner, C.
name: Scola, L.
name: Serot, O.
name: Soum-Sidikov, G.
name: Stodolsky, L.
name: Strauss, R.
name: Tamisari, M.
name: Thulliez, L.
name: Tomei, C.
name: Vignati, M.
name: Vivier, M.
name: Wagner, V.
name: Wex, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering and low-mass Dark Matter detectors rely crucially on the understanding of their response to nuclear recoils. We report the first observation of a nuclear recoil peak at around 112 eV induced by neutron capture. The measurement was performed with a CaWO$_4$ cryogenic detector from the NUCLEUS experiment exposed to a $^{252}$Cf source placed in a compact moderator. The measured spectrum is found in agreement with simulations and the expected peak structure from the single-$γ$ de-excitation of $^{183}$W is identified with 3 $σ$ significance. This result demonstrates a new method for precise, in-situ, and non-intrusive calibration of low-threshold experiments.
(4272) Ann Ingles
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Contingency, Employment Intentions, and Retention of Vulnerable Low-wage Workers: An Examination of Nursing Assistants in Nursing Homes
Creators: name: Dill, Janette S.
name: Marshall, Victor W.
name: Morgan, Jennifer Craft
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Purpose of the Study: While theories of job turnover generally assume a strong correlation between job satisfaction, intention, and retention, such models may be limited in explaining turnover of low-wage health care workers. Low-wage workers likely have a lower ability to act on their employment intentions or plans due to a lack of resources that serve to cushion higher wage workers. In this study, we examine the relationship between job satisfaction, intention, and retention of nursing assistants in nursing homes and the role that “contingency factors” play in employment intentions and retention. We conceptualize “contingency factors” as resource-related constraints (e.g., being a single mother) that likely influence employment trajectories of individuals but can be independent of job satisfaction or intent. Design and Methods: We use survey data from 315 nursing assistants in 18 nursing homes in a U.S. southern state to model employment intentions and retention. Results: We find that job satisfaction and other perceived job characteristics (e.g., workload and perceived quality of care) are significant predictors of an individual’s intent to stay in their job, the occupation of nursing assistant, and the field of long-term care. However, we find that job satisfaction and employment intentions are not significant predictors of retention. Instead, “contingency factors” such as being a primary breadwinner and individual characteristics (e.g., tenure and past health care experience) appear to be stronger factors in the retention of nursing assistants. Implications: Our findings have implications for understanding turnover among low-wage health care workers and the use of proxies such as employment intentions in measuring turnover.
A New Method for Characterizing Very-Low-Mass Companions with Low Resolution Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Creators: name: Rice, Emily L.
name: Oppenheimer, Rebecca
name: Zimmerman, Neil
name: Roberts, Lewis C.
name: Hinkley, Sasha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new and computationally efficient method for characterizing very low mass companions using low resolution ($R\sim$30) near-infrared ($YJH$) spectra from high contrast imaging campaigns with integral field spectrograph (IFS) units. We conduct a detailed quantitative comparison of the efficacy of this method through tests on simulated data comparable in spectral coverage and resolution to the currently operating direct imaging systems around the world. In particular, we simulate Project 1640 data as an example of the use, accuracy, and precision of this technique. We present results from comparing simulated spectra of M, L, and T dwarfs with a large and finely-sampled grid of synthetic spectra using Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. We determine the precision and accuracy of effective temperature and surface gravity inferred from fits to PHOENIX dusty and cond, which we find reproduce the low-resolution spectra of all objects within the adopted flux uncertainties. Uncertainties in effective temperature decrease from $\pm$100-500 K for M dwarfs to as small as $\pm$30 K for some L and T spectral types. Surface gravity is constrained to within 0.2-0.4 dex for mid-L through T dwarfs, but uncertainties are as large as 1.0 dex or more for M dwarfs. Results for effective temperature from low-resolution $YJH$ spectra generally match predictions from published spectral type-temperature relationships except for L-T transition objects and young objects. Single-band spectra (i.e., narrower wavelength coverage) result in larger uncertainties and often discrepant results, suggesting that high contrast IFS observing campaigns can compensate for low spectral resolution by expanding the wavelength coverage for reliable characterization of detected companions. [Abstract truncated]
description: 43 pages, 15 figures. Accepted to Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Programs to Locate Missing and Critically Wandering Elders: A Critical Review and a Call for Multiphasic Evaluation
Creators: name: Petonito, Gina
name: Carr, Dawn C.
name: Muschert, Glenn W.
name: Kinney, Jennifer M.
name: Robbins, Emily J.
name: Brown, J. Scott
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: As America ages, greater numbers of older adults will be living with Alzheimer’s disease or a related dementia, leading to increased incidence of wandering. Currently there are several initiatives to assist older adults who go missing. We describe and critically examine three prominent and widespread programs: Safe Return, Project Lifesaver, and Silver Alert. Despite their emergence, there has been little research on their effectiveness. More fundamentally, the nature and scope of the missing elder problem is understudied. We call for further research into this issue, as well as assessments of how well such programs balance individual liberties with safety concerns.
The Influence of Unpaid Work on the Transition Out of Full-Time Paid Work
Creators: name: Carr, Dawn C.
name: Kail, Ben Lennox
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Purpose: Continued employment after retirement and engagement in unpaid work are both important ways of diminishing the negative economic effects of the retirement of baby boomer cohorts on society. Little research, however, examines the relationship between paid and unpaid work at the transition from full-time work. Using a resource perspective framework this study examines how engagement in unpaid work prior to and at the transition from full-time work influences whether individuals partially or fully retire. Design and Methods: This study used a sample of 2,236 Americans between the ages 50 and 68, who were interviewed between 1998 and 2008. Logistic regression was used to estimate transitioning into partial retirement (relative to full retirement) after leaving full-time work. Results: We found that the odds of transitioning into part-time work were increased by continuous volunteering (78%) and reduced by starting parental (84%), grandchild (41%), and spousal (90%) caregiving and unaffected by all other patterns of engagement in unpaid work. Implications: Our findings suggest that volunteering is complementary with a transition to part-time work, and starting a new caregiving role at this transitioncreates a barrier to continued employment. In order to provide workers the opportunity to engage in the work force longer at the brink of retirement, it may be necessary to increase the support mechanisms for those who experience new caregiving responsibilities.
Household-level predictors of the presence of servants in Northern Orkney, Scotland, 1851–1901
Creators: name: Johnson, Patricia L.
name: Jennings, Julia A.
name: Wood, James W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Servants were an important part of the northwestern European household economy in the preindustrial past. This study examines household-level characteristics that are predictive of the presence of rural servants using data from Orkney, Scotland. The number of servants present in a household is related to household composition, landholding size, and the marital status of the household head. In addition, the sex of the particular servant hired reveals that the labor of male and female servants is not fungible. The sex of the servant hired is related to the ratio of male and female household members of working age, the occupation of the head, household composition, and the size of the household’s landholding.
Metal-insulator transition and local-moment collapse in FeO under pressure
Creators: name: Leonov, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a combination of the \emph{ab initio} band structure methods and dynamical mean-field theory to determine the electronic structure and phase stability of paramagnetic FeO at high pressure and temperature. Our results reveal a high-spin to low-spin transition within the B1 crystal structure of FeO upon compression of the lattice volume above 73~GPa. The spin-state transition is accompanied by an orbital-selective Mott metal-insulator transition (MIT). The lattice volume is found to collapse by about 8.5~\% at the MIT, implying a complex interplay between electronic and lattice degrees of freedom. Our results for the electronic structure and lattice properties are in overall good agreement with experimental data.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Humans decompose tasks by trading off utility and computational cost
Creators: name: Correa, Carlos G.
name: Ho, Mark K.
name: Callaway, Frederick
name: Daw, Nathaniel D.
name: Griffiths, Thomas L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Human behavior emerges from planning over elaborate decompositions of tasks into goals, subgoals, and low-level actions. How are these decompositions created and used? Here, we propose and evaluate a normative framework for task decomposition based on the simple idea that people decompose tasks to reduce the overall cost of planning while maintaining task performance. Analyzing 11,117 distinct graph-structured planning tasks, we find that our framework justifies several existing heuristics for task decomposition and makes predictions that can be distinguished from two alternative normative accounts. We report a behavioral study of task decomposition ($N=806$) that uses 30 randomly sampled graphs, a larger and more diverse set than that of any previous behavioral study on this topic. We find that human responses are more consistent with our framework for task decomposition than alternative normative accounts and are most consistent with a heuristic -- betweenness centrality -- that is justified by our approach. Taken together, our results provide new theoretical insight into the computational principles underlying the intelligent structuring of goal-directed behavior.
Distribution of toxic dinoflagellates along the leaves of seagrass Posidonia oceanica and Cymodocea nodosafrom the Gulf of Tunis
Creators: name: TURKI, Souâd
Publisher: name: Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Year: 2005

description: This study examined the first results about the occurrence of epiphytic dinoflagellate species in the Gulf of Tunis.
 Three potentially harmful marine species were found: Prorocentrum lima (Ehrenberg) Dodge 1975, Ostreopsis siamensis
 Schmidt, 1901 and Coolia monotis Meunier 1919. From June 2001 to May 2002, the annual distribution of these species
 was studied on the seagrass Posidonia oceanica (Linnaeus) Delile. In the area where P. lima was the most abundant species,
 two peaks were recorded in fall and spring. The maximum density of O. siamensis was recorded in August until September
 whereas the maximum density of C.  monotis was recorded in September and May. The abundance of epiphytic dinoflagel-
 lates was higher from August to October. These species displayed host substratum preference on Cymodocea nodosa
 (Ucria) Ascherson where the cell abundance was higher than on P. oceanica, particularly for P. lima.
A fast approximation to supershell partition functions
Creators: name: Wilson, Bran G.
name: Pain, Jean-Christophe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A formula for supershell partition functions, which play a major role in the Super Transition Array approach to radiative-opacity calculations, is derived as a functional of the distribution of energies within the supershell. It consists in an alternative expansion for an arbitrary number of electrons or holes which also allows for quick approximate evaluations with truncated number of terms in the expansion.
description: submitted to High Energy Density Phys
DiffPhase: Generative Diffusion-based STFT Phase Retrieval
Creators: name: Peer, Tal
name: Welker, Simon
name: Gerkmann, Timo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Diffusion probabilistic models have been recently used in a variety of tasks, including speech enhancement and synthesis. As a generative approach, diffusion models have been shown to be especially suitable for imputation problems, where missing data is generated based on existing data. Phase retrieval is inherently an imputation problem, where phase information has to be generated based on the given magnitude. In this work we build upon previous work in the speech domain, adapting a speech enhancement diffusion model specifically for STFT phase retrieval. Evaluation using speech quality and intelligibility metrics shows the diffusion approach is well-suited to the phase retrieval task, with performance surpassing both classical and modern methods.
description: Accepted by ICASSP 2023
Supplementary file: Short dietary intervention with olive oil increases brown adipose tissue activity in lean but not overweight subjects
Creators: name: Monfort-Pires, Milena
name: Mueez U Din
name: Nogueira, Guilherme Augusto
name: Almeida-Faria, Juliana De
name: Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
name: Sant'Ana, Marcella Ramos
name: Júnior, José Carlos De Lima
name: Dennys Esper Correa Cintra
name: Heraldo Possolo De Souza
name: Ferreira, Sandra Roberta Gouvea
name: Sapienza, Marcelo Tatit
name: Virtanen, Kirsi A.
name: Lício Augusto Velloso
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biomarkers
subject: 110399 Clinical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: 110107 Metabolic Medicine
subject: 111199 Nutrition and Dietetics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This file is a supplementary material from an original research entitled "Short dietary intervention with olive oil increases brown adipose tissue activity in lean but not overweight subjects". In this study we asked if a short-term dietary intervention with olive oil could modify brown adipose tissue activity in lean and overweight/obese volunteers with no comorbidities. The intervention resulted in significant increase in blood monounsaturated fatty acid levels, which was accompanied by increased brown adipose tissue activity in lean but not in overweight/obese volunteers. In lean volunteers, an increase in leptin and insulin levels was detected after the intervention, and low leptin values at the beginning of the study were predictive of greater brown adipose tissue activity after four weeks. In addition, increase in leptin concentration was directly associated with increased brown adipose tissue activity. Three known endogenous mediators of brown adipose tissue activity, secretin, FGF21 and 12,13 di-HOME were increased by intervention in lean, whereas only secretin and FGF21 were increased in overweight/obese volunteers. Thus, we provided clinical evidence for the impact of monounsaturated fatty acids on BAT activity and an advance in the understanding of the beneficial health effects of olive oil. This supplementary material has figures and tables that can be interesting for readers as they add interesting and important information to the manuscript.
On generalized definitions of ultradifferentiable classes
Creators: name: Jiménez-Garrido, Javier
name: Nenning, David Nicolas
name: Schindl, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A12, 26A48, 46A13, 46E10

description: We show that the ultradifferentiable-like classes of smooth functions introduced and studied by S. Pilipović, N. Teofanov and F. Tomić are special cases of the general framework of spaces of ultradifferentiable functions defined in terms of weight matrices in the sense of A. Rainer and the third author. We study classes "beyond geometric growth factors" defined in terms of a weight sequence and an exponent sequence, prove that these new types admit a weight matrix representation and transfer known results from the matrix-type to such a non-standard ultradifferentiable setting.
description: Some typos corrected; to appear in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications
Differences in intergenerational fertility associations by sex and race in Saba, Dutch Caribbean, 1876–2004
Creators: name: Leslie, Paul W.
name: Jennings, Julia A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: This study examines the intergenerational transmission of fertility behavior in Saba, Dutch Caribbean from 1876 to 2004 using reconstituted genealogies. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients of several fertility measures and event-history models of age at first birth are used to explore relationships between the fertility of mothers and their children. The strength of intergenerational fertility ties varies by race and gender. Individuals that are better positioned to realize their fertility preferences have the strongest intergenerational associations, while individuals with the most limited reproductive options have the weakest intergenerational associations. This evidence supports hypotheses that posit the intergenerational transmission of attitudes, goals, and behaviors and the ability to act on those preferences as drivers of the presence or magnitude of links between the fertility of parents and their children.