cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Explainable, Domain-Adaptive, and Federated Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Creators: name: Chaddad, Ahmad
name: lu, Qizong
name: Li, Jiali
name: Katib, Yousef
name: Kateb, Reem
name: Tanougast, Camel
name: Bouridane, Ahmed
name: Abdulkadir, Ahmed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) continues to transform data analysis in many domains. Progress in each domain is driven by a growing body of annotated data, increased computational resources, and technological innovations. In medicine, the sensitivity of the data, the complexity of the tasks, the potentially high stakes, and a requirement of accountability give rise to a particular set of challenges. In this review, we focus on three key methodological approaches that address some of the particular challenges in AI-driven medical decision making. (1) Explainable AI aims to produce a human-interpretable justification for each output. Such models increase confidence if the results appear plausible and match the clinicians expectations. However, the absence of a plausible explanation does not imply an inaccurate model. Especially in highly non-linear, complex models that are tuned to maximize accuracy, such interpretable representations only reflect a small portion of the justification. (2) Domain adaptation and transfer learning enable AI models to be trained and applied across multiple domains. For example, a classification task based on images acquired on different acquisition hardware. (3) Federated learning enables learning large-scale models without exposing sensitive personal health information. Unlike centralized AI learning, where the centralized learning machine has access to the entire training data, the federated learning process iteratively updates models across multiple sites by exchanging only parameter updates, not personal health data. This narrative review covers the basic concepts, highlights relevant corner-stone and state-of-the-art research in the field, and discusses perspectives.
description: This paper is accepted in IEEE CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, Nov. 10 2022
Vibrations of Jammed Disk Packings with Hertzian Interactions
Creators: name: Schreck, Carl F.
name: O'Hern, Corey S.
name: Shattuck, Mark D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contact breaking and Hertzian interactions between grains can both give rise to nonlinear vibrational response of static granular packings. We perform molecular dynamics simulations at constant energy in 2D of frictionless bidisperse disks that interact via Hertzian spring potentials as a function of energy and measure directly the vibrational response from the Fourier transform of the velocity autocorrelation function. We compare the measured vibrational response of static packings near jamming onset to that obtained from the eigenvalues of the dynamical matrix to determine the temperature above which the linear response breaks down. We compare packings that interact via single-sided (purely repulsive) and double-sided Hertzian spring interactions to disentangle the effects of the shape of the potential from contact breaking. Our studies show that while Hertzian interactions lead to weak nonlinearities in the vibrational behavior (e.g. the generation of harmonics of the eigenfrequencies of the dynamical matrix), the vibrational response of static packings with Hertzian contact interactions is dominated by contact breaking as found for systems with repulsive linear spring interactions.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
Development of a trigger for acoustic neutrino candidates in KM3NeT
Creators: name: Tortosa, Dídac D.
name: Ardid, Miguel
name: Bou-Cabo, Manuel
name: Lara, Guillermo
name: Martínez-Mora, Juan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The KM3NeT Collaboration is constructing two large neutrino detectors in the Mediterranean Sea: ARCA, located near Sicily and aiming at neutrino astronomy, and ORCA located near Toulon and designed for the study of intrinsic neutrino properties. The two detectors together will have hundreds of Detection Units with Digital Optical Modules kept vertically by buoyancy forming a large 3D optical array for detecting the Cherenkov light produced after the neutrino interactions. To properly reconstruct the direction of the incoming neutrino, the position of the DOMs, which are not static due to the sea currents, must be monitored. For this purpose, the detector is equipped with an Acoustic Positioning System, which is composed of fixed acoustic emitters on the sea bottom, a hydrophone in each DU base, and a piezoceramic sensor in each DOM, as acoustic receivers. This network of acoustic sensors can be used not only for positioning, but also for acoustic monitoring studies such as bioacoustics, ship noise monitoring, environmental noise control, and acoustic neutrinos detection. This work explores the possibility of creating a trigger for saving the data for ultra-high-energy neutrino candidates detected acoustically by the hydrophones. The acoustic signal caused by the neutrino interaction in a fluid is a short-time duration Bipolar Pulse extremely directive and with a Fourier transform extending over a wide range of frequencies. A study of signal detection, has been done by simulating BP produced by the interaction of a UHE neutrino at 1 km from the detector at zero-degree incidence added to the experimental real acoustic data. Finally, a trigger proposal has been developed in order to record candidates of BPs and it has been tested. The number of candidates per second, precision, and recall have been monitored according to the cuts applied and parameters calculated by the algorithm.
description: 9th International Workshop on Acoustic and Radio EeV Neutrino Detection Activities - ARENA2022
title: ÐÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð°, Ð¸ÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·ÑÑÑÐ°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑÐµÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸
title: Ð²ÑÐ¿ÑÑÐºÐ½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° ÑÐ¿ÐµÑÐ¸Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑÐ°
titleType: Subtitle
title: A program using various finite-difference schemes for the numerical solution of one-dimensional spatial neutron kinetics
Creators: name: ÐÐ°Ð¹Ð´Ð¸Ñ, Ð Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð½
Publisher: name: Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑ-ÐÐµÑÐµÑÐ±ÑÑÐ³ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐ½Ð¸ÑÐµÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸ÑÐµÑ ÐÐµÑÑÐ° ÐÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
Year: 2025
Subjects: ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÑ ÐµÐ¼Ð°
Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÐ´Ð¾Ðº ÑÐ¾ÑÐ½Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸
ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÐµÐ½ÑÑÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´ÑÐµÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð² Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð°Ð·Ð´ÑÐ²Ð°ÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²
ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÐ·Ð¸Ð¸
Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð°
ÑÐ´ÐµÑÐ½ÑÐ¹ ÑÐµÐ°ÐºÑÐ¾Ñ
ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐ¹ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´
ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ
Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾-ÑÐ°ÑÐ¿ÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°
Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ Ð­Ð¹Ð»ÐµÑÐ°
ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ðµ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ
finite-difference scheme
order of accuracy
delayed neutron precursor concentration equation
diffusion equation
programme
nuclear reactor
numerical method
numerical methods
spatially distributed neutron kinetics
Euler method
numerical simulation

description: ÐÐ°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ° Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ²ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð° ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐºÐµ Ð¸ Ð²ÐµÑÐ¸ÑÐ¸ÐºÐ°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐ¸ÑÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¹ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸. Ð¦ÐµÐ»ÑÑ ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÑ Ð±ÑÐ»Ð¾ ÑÐ°Ð·ÑÐ°Ð±Ð¾ÑÐ°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð³ÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÐµÐ±Ñ ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½ÑÐµ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐµÑÐ½Ð¾-ÑÐ°Ð·Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÐ½ÑÐµ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐºÑÐµÑÐ¸Ð·Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð¸ ÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð¹ Ð½ÐµÐ¹ÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÐºÐ¸Ð½ÐµÑÐ¸ÐºÐ¸, Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐ°ÑÑÐµÐ¹ Ð² ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´ Ð­Ð¹Ð»ÐµÑÐ°.â
description: This work is devoted to the development and verification of a program for the numerical modeling of one-dimensional neutron kinetics. The aim of the work was to develop a program that includes various finite-difference methods for discretizing the equations of neutron kinetics, including the Euler method.
Determinants of Banking Sector Development in Ethiopia
Creators: name: Abreha Gezae
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015

description: The study focuses on the investigation of the macro factors that affect the development of the banking sector. Because, The banking sector is rudimentary due to the problems such asheavy dependence of investors in borrowed fund, excessive government borrowing, absence of secondary markets, less attractive deposit rate, limited outreach of banking services, underdeveloped saving culture, poor cross-selling activity of inflow of foreign remittance, deficit in the trade balance of the country. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate the significant determinants and recommend courses of action to be taken and analyze the level of development in comparison to other East African countries. Quantitative research approach is applied using econometric model estimated OLS multiple linear regression and descriptive quantitative analysis technique. The study has found that Trade Openness, Real Interest rate, population growth, and Government consumption expenditure have far reaching statistically significant impact on the development of the banking sector by influencing the volume of credit provided by banks to the private sector. Remittance to GDP ratio, Real Interest Rate and GDP growth rate significantly impact the broad money supply (M2). There is also significant concentration of asset of the sector in three big banks and the Level of liquid asset to total deposit is lower than the East African countries though NPL is the least. The paper recommends strengthening of the trade balance & openness, cut budgetary deficit, increase the real interest rate, cross-selling of inflow of remittance by banks and the NBE shall take measures that enhance financial inclusion and improve the platform of required infrastructure in collaboration with the designated organs of the government to enhance development and competitiveness of the banking sector.
Homological Product Codes
Creators: name: Bravyi, Sergey
name: Hastings, Matthew B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum codes with low-weight stabilizers known as LDPC codes have been actively studied recently due to their simple syndrome readout circuits and potential applications in fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, all families of quantum LDPC codes known to this date suffer from a poor distance scaling limited by the square-root of the code length. This is in a sharp contrast with the classical case where good families of LDPC codes are known that combine constant encoding rate and linear distance. Here we propose the first family of good quantum codes with low-weight stabilizers. The new codes have a constant encoding rate, linear distance, and stabilizers acting on at most $\sqrt{n}$ qubits, where $n$ is the code length. For comparison, all previously known families of good quantum codes have stabilizers of linear weight. Our proof combines two techniques: randomized constructions of good quantum codes and the homological product operation from algebraic topology. We conjecture that similar methods can produce good stabilizer codes with stabilizer weight $n^a$ for any $a>0$. Finally, we apply the homological product to construct new small codes with low-weight stabilizers.
description: 49 pages
Evidence for ground-state electron capture of $^{40}$K
Creators: name: Hariasz, L.
name: Stukel, M.
name: Di Stefano, P. C. F.
name: Rasco, B. C.
name: Rykaczewski, K. P.
name: Brewer, N. T.
name: Stracener, D. W.
name: Liu, Y.
name: Gai, Z.
name: Rouleau, C.
name: Carter, J.
name: Kostensalo, J.
name: Suhonen, J.
name: Davis, H.
name: Lukosi, E. D.
name: Goetz, K. C.
name: Grzywacz, R. K.
name: Mancuso, M.
name: Petricca, F.
name: Fijałkowska, A.
name: Wolińska-Cichocka, M.
name: Ninkovic, J.
name: Lechner, P.
name: Ickert, R. B.
name: Morgan, L. E.
name: Renne, P. R.
name: Yavin, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Potassium-40 is a widespread isotope whose radioactivity impacts estimated geological ages spanning billions of years, nuclear structure theory, and subatomic rare-event searches - including those for dark matter and neutrinoless double-beta decay. The decays of this long-lived isotope must be precisely known for its use as a geochronometer, and to account for its presence in low-background experiments. There are several known decay modes for $^{40}$K, but a predicted electron-capture decay directly to the ground state of argon-40 has never been observed, while theoretical predictions span an order of magnitude. The KDK Collaboration reports on the first observation of this rare decay, obtained using a novel combination of a low-threshold X-ray detector surrounded by a tonne-scale, high-efficiency $γ$-ray tagger at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A blinded analysis reveals a distinctly nonzero ratio of intensities of ground-state electron-captures ($I_{\text{EC}^0}$) over excited-state ones ($I_{\text{EC}^*}$) of $I_{\text{EC}^0} / I_{\text{EC}^*}=0.0095\stackrel{\text{stat}}{\pm}0.0022\stackrel{\text{sys}}{\pm}0.0010$ (68% CL), with the null hypothesis rejected at 4$σ$ [Stukel et al., DOI:10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.052503]. This unambiguous signal yields a branching ratio of $I_{\text{EC}^0}=0.098\%\stackrel{\text{stat}}{\pm}0.023\%\stackrel{\text{sys}}{\pm}0.010$, roughly half of the commonly used prediction. This first observation of a third-forbidden unique electron capture improves understanding of low-energy backgrounds in dark-matter searches and has implications for nuclear-structure calculations. A shell-model based theoretical estimate for the $0νββ$ decay half-life of calcium-48 is increased by a factor of $7^{+3}_{-2}$. Our nonzero measurement shifts geochronological ages by up to a percent; implications are illustrated for Earth and solar system chronologies.
description: This is a companion submission to Stukel et al (KDK collaboration) "Rare $^{40}$K decay with implications for fundamental physics and geochronology" [arXiv:2211.10319; DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.052503]. As such, both texts share some figures and portions of text. This version updates the text following its review and production process
Fermi LAT detection of two high Galactic latitude gamma-ray sources, Fermi J1049.7+0435 and J1103.2+1145
Creators: name: Nishimichi, Masaki
name: Okuda, Takeshi
name: Mori, Masaki
name: Edwards, Philip G.
name: Stevens, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Second Fermi LAT source catalog (Nolan et al. 2012) includes as many as 1,873 sources, but initial attempts to identify counterparts at other wavelengths resulted in 575 sources remaining unidentified. The 2FGL catalog is based on the first 24 months of LAT observation since its launch in 2008, but the LAT has now accumulated more than 5 years of high-energy gamma-ray data almost flawlessly, presenting the possibility of finding new sources which were too faint to be detected in the first two years of data or showed flaring activity after the catalog was created. In this paper we report on two new gamma-ray sources serendipitously discovered in the constellation Leo and discuss possible counterparts based on radio observations.
description: To appear in Astrophysical Journal
Band alignment of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides: application in tunnel field effect transistors
Creators: name: Gong, Cheng
name: Zhang, Hengji
name: Wang, Weihua
name: Colombo, Luigi
name: Wallace, Robert M.
name: Cho, Kyeongjae
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunnel field effect transistors (TFETs) based on vertical stacking of two dimensional materials are of interest for low-power logic devices. The monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with sizable band gaps show promise in building p-n junctions (couples) for TFET applications. Band alignment information is essential for realizing broken gap junctions with excellent electron tunneling efficiencies. Promising couples composed of monolayer TMDs are suggested to be VIB-MeX2 (Me= W, Mo; X= Te, Se) as the n-type source and IVB-MeX2 (Me = Zr, Hf; X= S, Se) as the p-type drain by density functional theory calculations.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Inverse design of arbitrary optical helicity patterns
Creators: name: Kilianski, Romuald
name: Bennett, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superposing multiple plane waves can generate helicity lattices in which the optical helicity varies regularly in space. Here we propose an inverse design method for constructing arbitrary helicity structures based on placing a digital object of dielectric inclusions in three-dimensional space. We apply the method to design structures that reproduce two-dimensional lattices embedded within a three-dimensional region using only a single plane wave as an input. In order to demonstrate the power and flexibility of our method, we go beyond the paradigm of a regular lattice and propose structures that can create arbitrary images consisting of regions of varying helicity, again using only a single plane wave as an input.
A Computational Approach for the Characterization of Airborne Pathogen Transmission in Turbulent Molecular Communication Channels
Creators: name: Gulec, Fatih
name: Dressler, Falko
name: Eckford, Andrew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Airborne pathogen transmission mechanisms play a key role in the spread of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. In this work, we propose a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach to model and statistically characterize airborne pathogen transmission via pathogen-laden particles in turbulent channels from a molecular communication viewpoint. To this end, turbulent flows induced by coughing and the turbulent dispersion of droplets and aerosols are modeled by using the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations coupled with the realizable $k-ε$ model and the discrete random walk model, respectively. Via simulations realized by a CFD simulator, statistical data for the number of received particles are obtained. These data are post-processed to obtain the statistical characterization of the turbulent effect in the reception and to derive the probability of infection. Our results reveal that the turbulence has an irregular effect on the probability of infection, which shows itself by the multi-modal distribution as a weighted sum of normal and Weibull distributions. Furthermore, it is shown that the turbulent MC channel is characterized via multi-modal, i.e., sum of weighted normal distributions, or stable distributions, depending on the air velocity.
description: Accepted to be published in IEEE Transactions on Molecular, Biological and Multi-Scale Communications
Effects of the interplay between fermionic interactions and disorders in the nodal-line superconductors
Creators: name: Bian, Wen-Hao
name: Chu, Xiao-Zhuo
name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay between fermion-fermion interactions and disorder scatterings beneath the superconducting dome of noncentrosymmetric nodal-line superconductors. With the application of renormalization group, several interesting low-energy behaviors are extracted from the coupled equations of all interaction parameters. At the clean limit, fermion-fermion interactions decrease with lowering the energy scales but conversely fermion velocities climb up and approach certain saturated values. This yields a slight decrease or increase of the anisotropy of fermion velocities depending upon their initial ratio. After bringing out four kinds of disorders designated by the random charge ($Δ_{1}$), random mass ($Δ_{2}$), random axial chemical potential ($Δ_{3}$), and spin-orbit scatterers ($Δ_{4}$) based on their own unique features, we begin with presenting the distinct low-energy fates of these disorders. For the presence of sole disorder, its strength becomes either relevant ($Δ_{1,4}$) or irrelevant($Δ_{2,3}$) in the low-energy regime. However, the competition for multiple sorts of disorders is capable of qualitatively reshaping the low-energy properties of disorders $Δ_{2,3,4}$. Besides, it can generate an initially absent disorder as long as two of $Δ_{1,2,3}$ are present. In addition, the fermion-fermion couplings are insensitive to the presence of $Δ_4$ but rather substantially modified by $Δ_1$, $Δ_2$, or $Δ_3$, and evolve towards zero or certain finite non-zero values under the coexistence of distinct disorders. Furthermore, the fermion velocities flow towards certain finite saturated value for the only presence of $Δ_{2,3}$ and vanish for all other situations. As to their ratio, it acquires a little increase once the disorder is subordinate to fermionic interactions, otherwise keeps some fixed constant.
description: 22 pages, 25 figures
3D stellar kinematics at the Galactic center: measuring the nuclear star cluster spatial density profile, black hole mass, and distance
Creators: name: Do, T.
name: Martinez, G. D.
name: Yelda, S.
name: Ghez, A. M.
name: Bullock, J.
name: Kaplinghat, M.
name: Lu, J. R.
name: Peter, A. G. H.
name: Phifer, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present 3D kinematic observations of stars within the central 0.5 pc of the Milky Way nuclear star cluster using adaptive optics imaging and spectroscopy from the Keck telescopes. Recent observations have shown that the cluster has a shallower surface density profile than expected for a dynamically relaxed cusp, leading to important implications for its formation and evolution. However, the true three dimensional profile of the cluster is unknown due to the difficulty in de-projecting the stellar number counts. Here, we use spherical Jeans modeling of individual proper motions and radial velocities to constrain for the first time, the de-projected spatial density profile, cluster velocity anisotropy, black hole mass ($M_\mathrm{BH}$), and distance to the Galactic center ($R_0$) simultaneously. We find that the inner stellar density profile of the late-type stars, $ρ(r)\propto r^{-γ}$ to have a power law slope $γ=0.05_{-0.60}^{+0.29}$, much more shallow than the frequently assumed Bahcall $\&$ Wolf slope of $γ=7/4$. The measured slope will significantly affect dynamical predictions involving the cluster, such as the dynamical friction time scale. The cluster core must be larger than 0.5 pc, which disfavors some scenarios for its origin. Our measurement of $M_\mathrm{BH}=5.76_{-1.26}^{+1.76}\times10^6$ $M_\odot$ and $R_0=8.92_{-0.55}^{+0.58}$ kpc is consistent with that derived from stellar orbits within 1$^{\prime\prime}$ of Sgr A*. When combined with the orbit of S0-2, the uncertainty on $R_0$ is reduced by 30% ($8.46_{-0.38}^{+0.42}$ kpc). We suggest that the MW NSC can be used in the future in combination with stellar orbits to significantly improve constraints on $R_0$.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, 2 tables, ApJL accepted
Developing a creative pedagogy to understand the university experience of non-traditional students
Creators: name: Gosling, Helena
name: Burke, Lol
name: MacLennan, Sarah
Publisher: name: PRISM: Casting New Light on Learning, Theory and Practice
Year: 2020

description: Despite the presence of a widening participation agenda, people with criminal convictions face a number of barriers accessing and participating in higher education (Office for Students, 2019). This may be due to unspent criminal convictions (Unlock, 2018), limited confidence and self-esteem (Champion and Noble, 2016), a lack of previous educational attainment (Prison Reform Trust, 2017) and/or presence of risk-adverse, bureaucratic, university admission processes (Bhattacharya et al., 2013). As a result, people with criminal convictions are not only under-represented throughout the sector (Unlock, 2018) but completely overlooked when it comes to understanding their university experience. To address this longstanding issue, the authors have developed an educational opportunity (utilising the Learning Together programme) for criminal justice academics, students, practitioners and service users to come together and learn from one another through lived experience, professional practice and Creative Pedagogy. Learning Together was originally developed and implemented by Dr Amy Ludlow and Dr Ruth Armstrong at the University of Cambridge to provide opportunities for university students to learn alongside people serving a custodial sentence (Armstrong and Ludlow, 2016).
description: PRISM: Casting New Light on Learning, Theory and Practice, Early View
Suppression of Spin Pumping at Metal Interfaces
Creators: name: Lim, Youngmin
name: Nepal, Bhuwan
name: Smith, David A.
name: Wu, Shuang
name: Srivastava, Abhishek
name: Nakarmi, Prabandha
name: Mewes, Claudia
name: Jiang, Zijian
name: Gupta, Adbhut
name: Viehland, Dwight D.
name: Klewe, Christoph
name: Shafer, Padraic
name: Park, In Jun
name: Mabe, Timothy
name: Amin, Vivek P.
name: Heremans, Jean J.
name: Mewes, Tim
name: Emori, Satoru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electrically conductive metal typically transmits or absorbs a spin current. Here, we report on evidence that interfacing two metal thin films can suppress spin transmission and absorption. We examine spin pumping in ferromagnet/spacer/ferromagnet heterostructures, in which the spacer -- consisting of metallic Cu and Cr thin films -- separates the ferromagnetic spin-source and spin-sink layers. The Cu/Cr spacer largely suppresses spin pumping -- i.e., neither transmitting nor absorbing a significant amount of spin current -- even though Cu or Cr alone transmits a sizable spin current. The antiferromagnetism of Cr is not essential for the suppression of spin pumping, as we observe similar suppression with Cu/V spacers where V is a nonmagnetic analogue of Cr. We speculate that diverse combinations of spin-transparent metals may form interfaces that suppress spin pumping, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our work may stimulate a new perspective on understanding and engineering spin transport in metallic multilayers.
Appearance of Odd-Frequency Superconductivity in a Relativistic Scenario
Creators: name: Wong, Patrick J.
name: Balatsky, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Odd-frequency superconductivity is an exotic superconducting state in which the symmetry of the gap function is odd in frequency. Here we show that an inherent odd-frequency mode emerges dynamically under application of a Lorentz transformation of the anomalous Green function with the general frequency-dependent gap function. To see this, we consider a Dirac model with quartic potential and perform a mean-field analysis to obtain a relativistic Bogoliubov-de Gennes system. Solving the resulting Gor'kov equations yields expressions for relativistic normal and anomalous Green functions. The form of the relativistically invariant pairing term is chosen such that it reduces to BCS form in the non-relativistic limit. We choose an ansatz for the gap function in a particular frame which is even-frequency and analyze the effects on the anomalous Green function under a boost into a relativistic frame. The odd-frequency pairing emerges dynamically as a result of the boost. In the boosted frame the order parameter contains terms which are both even and odd in frequency. The relativistic correction to the anomalous Green function to first order in the boost parameter is completely odd in frequency. This work provides evidence that odd-frequency pairing may form intrinsically within relativistic superconductors.
4AT7_pdf_Our Story_Oral Histories of Women from Turkey
Creators: name: Sahika Erkonan
name: Burce Celik
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: History
subject: 200205 Culture, Gender, Sexuality
subject: FOS: Other humanities
subject: Gender studies
subject: 220306 Feminist Theory
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion

description: This is a transcribed version of one of the interviews we conducted for our project "Women's Media and Memory". In this project, we aim to record and archive women's memories in Turkey by conducting oral history interviews. In the light of this research, we want to look at feminist understanding of Turkey's history through women's narratives.
 Please visit the project website for more information: https://www.bizimhikayemiz.org/
Correlated-photon imaging at 10 volumetric images per second
Creators: name: Massaro, Gianlorenzo
name: Mos, Paul
name: Vasiukov, Sergii
name: Di Lena, Francesco
name: Scattarella, Francesco
name: Pepe, Francesco V.
name: Ulku, Arin
name: Giannella, Davide
name: Charbon, Edoardo
name: Bruschini, Claudio
name: D'Angelo, Milena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The correlation properties of light provide an outstanding tool to overcome the limitations of traditional imaging techniques. A relevant case is represented by correlation plenoptic imaging (CPI), a quantum-inspired volumetric imaging protocol employing spatio-temporally correlated photons from either entangled or chaotic sources to address the main limitations of conventional light-field imaging, namely, the poor spatial resolution and the reduced change of perspective for 3D imaging. However, the application potential of high-resolution imaging modalities relying on photon correlations is limited, in practice, by the need to collect a large number of frames. This creates a gap, unacceptable for many relevant tasks, between the time performance of correlated-light imaging and that of traditional imaging methods. In this article, we address this issue by exploiting the photon number correlations intrinsic in chaotic light, combined with a cutting-edge ultrafast sensor made of a large array of single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs). This combination of source and sensor is embedded within a novel single-lens CPI scheme enabling to acquire 10 volumetric images per second. Our results place correlated-photon imaging at a competitive edge and prove its potential in practical applications.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
title: Bad governance "A threat to human wellbeing: a case study of bad governance during the COVID pandemic in Nigeria"
Creators: name: Hanson-Agumbah, Theresa
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2022

description: Despite the ongoing substantial evolutions in human progress, the search for appropriate administration and governance that is focused on advancement, general welfare, and the well-being of citizens in developing countries has become disreputable and ironic, in the sense that it has been clouded with corruption, embezzlement, poor service delivery and appears to differ from what is expected by the citizens. However, the results of good or bad governance are ultimately felt by those within the scope of which the authority has been exercised. This study titled bad governance “a threat to human wellbeing: a case study of bad governance during the covid pandemic in Nigeria” is aimed at determining how the leaders in Nigeria have failed in their duties and how the advent of the covid-19 pandemic worsened bad governance in Nigeria. Though Nigeria has been plagued by terrible leadership in the past, the advent of the Covid-19 pandemic highlighted more the government's failures to its citizenry. This study draws mainly from secondary sources. The findings from the study reveal that the welfare of the people is no longer the priority of the state as can be seen in the poor health, education, lack of basic infrastructures, non-payment of workers' salaries, insecurity, and high rate of unemployment. It was further revealed from the study that strengthening checks and balances, building broad-based support for reform, and paying close attention to incentives are ways to ensure good governance. The study recommended citizens' participation and engagement, institutionalizing the rule of law, ensuring responsiveness and consensus orientation, equity, and inclusiveness as well as efficient social service delivery.
Impact of combinations of time-delay interferometry channels on stochastic gravitational wave background detection
Creators: name: Liang, Zheng-Cheng
name: Li, Zhi-Yuan
name: Cheng, Jun
name: Li, En-Kun
name: Zhang, Jian-dong
name: Hu, Yi-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The method of time delay interferometry (TDI) is proposed to cancel the laser noise in space-borne gravitational-wave detectors. Among all different TDI combinations, the most commonly used ones are the orthogonal channels A, E and T, where A and E are signal-sensitive and T is signal-insensitive. Meanwhile, for the detection of stochastic gravitational-wave background, one needs to introduce the overlap reduction function to characterize the correlation between channels. For the calculation of overlap reduction function, it is often convenient to work in the low-frequency approximation, and assuming the equal-arm Michelson channels. However, if one wishes to work on the overlap reduction function of $\rm A/E$ channels, then the low-frequency approximation fails. We derive the exact form of overlap reduction function for $\rm A/E$ channels. Based on the overlap reduction function, we calculate the sensitivity curves of TianQin, TianQin I+II and TianQin + LISA. We conclude that the detection sensitivity calculated with $\rm A/E$ channels is mostly consistent with that obtained from the equal-arm Michelson channels.
description: 18 pages,10 figures
The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves
Creators: name: McLaughlin, Maura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) is a collaboration of researchers who are actively engaged in using North American radio telescopes to detect and study gravitational waves via pulsar timing. To achieve this goal, we regularly observe millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with the Arecibo and Green Bank Telescopes and develop and implement new instrumentation and algorithms for searching for and observing pulsars, calculating arrival times, understanding and correcting for propagation delays and sources of noise in our data, and detecting and characterizing a variety of gravitational wave sources. We collaborate on these activities with colleagues in the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). We also educate students of all levels and the public about the detection and study of gravitational waves via pulsar timing.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by Classical and Quantum Gravity for Focus Issue on Pulsar Timing Arrays
Piggy-backing protein domains with Formal Concept Analysis
Creators: name: Khor, Susan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Identifying reliable domain-domain interactions (DDIs) will increase our ability to predict novel protein-protein interactions (PPIs), to unravel interactions in protein complexes, and thus gain more information about the function and behavior of genes. One of the challenges of identifying reliable DDIs is domain promiscuity. Promiscuous domains are domains that can occur in many domain architectures and are therefore found in many proteins. This becomes a problem for a method where the score of a domain-pair is the ratio between observed and expected frequencies because the PPI network is sparse. As such, many protein-pairs will be non-interacting and domain-pairs with promiscuous domains will be penalized. This domain promiscuity challenge to the problem of inferring reliable DDIs from PPIs has been recognized, and a number of work-arounds have been proposed. In this paper, we report an application of Formal Concept Analysis (FCA) to this problem. We find that the relationship between formal concepts provide a natural way for rare domains to elevate the rank of promiscuous domains, and enrich highly ranked domain-pairs with reliable DDIs. This piggy-backing of promiscuous domains onto rare domains is possible due to the domain architecture of proteins which mixes promiscuous with rare domains.
Hypothesis test on a mixture forward-incubation-time epidemic model with application to COVID-19 outbreak
Creators: name: Wang, Chunlin
name: Li, Pengfei
name: Liu, Yukun
name: Zhou, Xiao-Hua
name: Qin, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The distribution of the incubation period of the novel coronavirus disease that emerged in 2019 (COVID-19) has crucial clinical implications for understanding this disease and devising effective disease-control measures. Qin et al. (2020) designed a cross-sectional and forward follow-up study to collect the duration times between a specific observation time and the onset of COVID-19 symptoms for a number of individuals. They further proposed a mixture forward-incubation-time epidemic model, which is a mixture of an incubation-period distribution and a forward time distribution, to model the collected duration times and to estimate the incubation-period distribution of COVID-19. In this paper, we provide sufficient conditions for the identifiability of the unknown parameters in the mixture forward-incubation-time epidemic model when the incubation period follows a two-parameter distribution. Under the same setup, we propose a likelihood ratio test (LRT) for testing the null hypothesis that the mixture forward-incubation-time epidemic model is a homogeneous exponential distribution. The testing problem is non-regular because a nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative. We establish the limiting distribution of the LRT and identify an explicit representation for it. The limiting distribution of the LRT under a sequence of local alternatives is also obtained. Our simulation results indicate that the LRT has desirable type I errors and powers, and we analyze a COVID-19 outbreak dataset from China to illustrate the usefulness of the LRT.
description: 34 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables
Shaping Next-Generation RAN Topologies to Meet Future Traffic Demands: A Peak Throughput Study
Creators: name: Fiore, Paolo
name: Filippini, Ilario
name: De Donno, Danilo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) Radio Access Networks (RANs) are a promising solution to tackle the overcrowding of the sub-6 GHz spectrum, offering wider and underutilized bands. However, they are characterized by inherent technical challenges, such as a limited propagation range and blockage losses caused by obstacles. Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are two technologies devised to face these challenges. This work analyzes the optimal network layout of RANs equipped with IAB and RIS in real urban scenarios using MILP formulations to derive practical design guidelines. In particular, it shows how optimizing the peak user throughput of such networks improves the achievable peak throughput, compared to the traditional mean-throughput maximization approaches, without actually sacrificing mean throughputs. In addition, it indicates star-like topologies as the best network layout to achieve the highest peak throughputs.
Heavy-tailed likelihoods for robustness against data outliers: Applications to the analysis of gravitational wave data
Creators: name: Sasli, Argyro
name: Karnesis, Nikolaos
name: Stergioulas, Nikolaos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, the field of Gravitational Wave Astronomy has flourished. With the advent of more sophisticated ground-based detectors and space-based observatories, it is anticipated that Gravitational Wave events will be detected at a much higher rate in the near future. One of the future data analysis challenges is performing robust statistical inference in the presence of detector noise transients or non-stationarities, as well as in the presence of stochastic Gravitational Wave signals of possible astrophysical and/or cosmological origin. The incomplete knowledge of the total noise of the observatory can introduce challenges in parameter estimation of detected sources. In this work, we propose a heavy-tailed, Hyperbolic likelihood, based on the Generalized Hyperbolic distribution. With the Hyperbolic likelihood we obtain a robust data analysis framework against data outliers, noise non-stationarities, and possible inaccurate modeling of the noise power spectral density. We apply this methodology to examples drawn from gravitational wave astronomy, and in particular to synthetic data sets from the planned LISA mission.
description: 18 pages, 7 figures, matches published version
High-fidelity gates with mid-circuit erasure conversion in a metastable neutral atom qubit
Creators: name: Ma, Shuo
name: Liu, Genyue
name: Peng, Pai
name: Zhang, Bichen
name: Jandura, Sven
name: Claes, Jahan
name: Burgers, Alex P.
name: Pupillo, Guido
name: Puri, Shruti
name: Thompson, Jeff D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The development of scalable, high-fidelity qubits is a key challenge in quantum information science. Neutral atom qubits have progressed rapidly in recent years, demonstrating programmable processors and quantum simulators with scaling to hundreds of atoms. Exploring new atomic species, such as alkaline earth atoms, or combining multiple species can provide new paths to improving coherence, control and scalability. For example, for eventual application in quantum error correction, it is advantageous to realize qubits with structured error models, such as biased Pauli errors or conversion of errors into detectable erasures. In this work, we demonstrate a new neutral atom qubit, using the nuclear spin of a long-lived metastable state in ${}^{171}$Yb. The long coherence time and fast excitation to the Rydberg state allow one- and two-qubit gates with fidelities of 0.9990(1) and 0.980(1), respectively. Importantly, a significant fraction of all gate errors result in decays out of the qubit subspace, to the ground state. By performing fast, mid-circuit detection of these errors, we convert them into erasure errors; during detection, the induced error probability on qubits remaining in the computational space is less than $10^{-5}$. This work establishes metastable ${}^{171}$Yb as a promising platform for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computing.
The cosmological evolution condition of the Planck constant in the varying speed of light models through adiabatic expansion
Creators: name: Lee, Seokcheon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There have been various varying speed of light (VSL) models with one free parameter, $b$, to characterize the time variation of the speed of light as a function of a scale factor, $c = c_0a^{b/4}$, based on the expanding universe. One needs to induce cosmological evolutions of other physical constants and quantities having different powers of scale factor as a function of $b$ to satisfy all known local physics laws, including special relativity, thermodynamics, and electromagnetic force. These models should be based on the Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker metric satisfying the isotropic and homogeneous three-space known as the cosmological principle. Adiabaticity is a necessary condition to keep homogeneity and isotropy because a net energy flux would falsify the isotropy if there is a preferential energy flow direction. It also might forge homogeneity if the outward (inward) flow is isotropic. Thus, any VSL model based on the expanding universe should preserve an adiabatic expansion condition to be a viable model. We show that this condition specifies the cosmological evolution of the Planck constant as $\hbar = \hbar_0 a^{-b/4}$.
description: version 3 to match the version accepted by PDU. 14 pages, 2 tables
A new look at instantons and large-N limit
Creators: name: Azeyanagi, Tatsuo
name: Hanada, Masanori
name: Honda, Masazumi
name: Matsuo, Yoshinori
name: Shiba, Shotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze instantons in the very strongly coupled large-$N$ limit ($N\to\infty$ with $g^2$ fixed) of large-$N$ gauge theories, where the effect of the instantons remains finite. By using the exact partition function of four-dimensional ${\cal N}=2^*$ gauge theories as a concrete example, we demonstrate that each instanton sector in the very strongly coupled large-$N$ limit is related to the one in the 't Hooft limit ($N\to\infty$ with $g^2N$ fixed) through a simple analytic continuation. Furthermore we show the equivalence between the instanton partition functions of a pair of large-$N$ gauge theories related by an orbifold projection. This can open up a new way to analyze the partition functions of low/non-supersymmetric theories. We also discuss implication of our result to gauge/gravity dualities for M-theory as well as a possible application to large-$N$ QCD.
description: 10 pages