cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Unifying Perspective: Solitary Traveling Waves As Discrete Breathers And Energy Criteria For Their Stability
Creators: name: Cuevas-Maraver, J.
name: Kevrekidis, P. G.
name: Vainchtein, A.
name: Xu, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we provide two complementary perspectives for the (spectral) stability of solitary traveling waves in Hamiltonian nonlinear dynamical lattices, of which the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam and the Toda lattice are prototypical examples. One is as an eigenvalue problem for a stationary solution in a co-traveling frame, while the other is as a periodic orbit modulo shifts. We connect the eigenvalues of the former with the Floquet multipliers of the latter and based on this formulation derive an energy-based spectral stability criterion. It states that a sufficient (but not necessary) condition for a change in the wave stability occurs when the functional dependence of the energy (Hamiltonian) $H$ of the model on the wave velocity $c$ changes its monotonicity. Moreover, near the critical velocity where the change of stability occurs, we provide explicit leading-order computation of the unstable eigenvalues, based on the second derivative of the Hamiltonian $H"(c_0)$ evaluated at the critical velocity $c_0$. We corroborate this conclusion with a series of analytically and numerically tractable examples and discuss its parallels with a recent energy-based criterion for the stability of discrete breathers.
title: Moderately volatile element fractionation in chondrites constrained by isotope dilution and Cd and Zn isotopes
Creators: name: Braukmüller, Ninja
name: Funk, Claudia
name: Abouchami, Wafa
name: Pickard, Harvey
name: Rehkämper, Mark
name: Bragagni, Alessandro
name: Galer, Stephen
name: Münker, Carsten
name: Becker, Harry
name: Wombacher, Frank
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Volatile elements in chondrites are usually depleted relative to CI chondrites. To disentangle the processes that affected volatile elements in the protoplanetary disk and on parent bodies, we present high-precision isotope dilution concentration data for S, Cu, Zn, Ga, Se, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Te and Tl as well as Cd and Zn stable isotope compositions for carbonaceous, ordinary, enstatite and Rumuruti chondrites.

In carbonaceous chondrites, volatile elements with 50% condensation temperatures (TC) between 1040 and 800 K show a progressive depletion with decreasing TC, while volatile elements with 800 K > TC > 500 K are almost unfractionated, exhibiting a “hockey-stick” depletion pattern that represents the primary volatile element signature of carbonaceous chondrites.

Ordinary and Rumuruti chondrites show a similar pattern of volatile element depletion, but only for Cu, Ga, Ag, Zn, Te and Sn. The covariation of Zn, Te and Sn abundances with matrix abundances in ordinary and Rumuruti chondrites suggests that they contain a primitive CI-like matrix component just like the carbonaceous chondrites. Sulfur and Se are less depleted in ordinary and Rumuruti chondrites, indicating different physicochemical conditions in their formation regions. The unsystematic behavior of the most volatile elements Cd, In and Tl along with Cd and Zn (only ordinary chondrites) stable isotope fractionation suggest secondary redistribution processes on the respective parent bodies due to open system thermal metamorphism.

Enstatite chondrites show no such systematic volatile element abundance patterns with TC. Notably, their depletion pattern reveal similarities with those of evaporation experiments using carbonaceous chondrite powders under reduced conditions.
USCT data challenge 2019
Creators: name: Boehm, C.
name: Hopp, T.
name: Ruiter, N. V.
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2021
Subjects: ultrasound computer tomography
numerical modelling
data challenge

description: Recent years have witnessed the active development of scanning systems and reconstructionalgorithms for ultrasound computed tomography (USCT) with applications to breast imagingfor early cancer detection. Despite these advances in hardware and software development,we encounter the need for reference data to develop, test and compare different imagingmethods. With the goals of encouraging scientific exchange and collaborations, providingbenchmarks of reconstruction algorithms, and standardizing USCT data formats, we havereleased open-source data sets of simulated waveforms that mimic measurements of a USCTscanning aperture using numerical breast phantoms. This is part of ongoing efforts centeredaround the USCT platform for data exchange and collaboration.
British Gallup Poll CQ 319
Creators: name: Social Surveys (Gallup Poll) Limited
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Government approval (1); James Callaghan performance (1); Margaret Thatcher performance (1); Jo Grimond performance (1); party support (1); last general election (2); urgent problems (2); best party to handle problems (1); next general election (2); government's price & income policy (10); government trade union relations (1); liberal party (3); party-sized canned beer (9); ice cream (5); water shortage (2); home appliances (63); sewing machine (4); soap (3); digestive biscuit (15).
title: Measurement of the dusting behaviour by means of continuous fall and determination of the asbestos content by scanning electron microscopy of technical building materials
Creators: name: Petrausch, Jan
name: Friedrich, Sophie
name: Hönig, Martin
name: Rams, Stefan
name: Morgenstern, Lukas
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Asbestos fibres are still an important topic today due to their strong carcinogenic effect, especially in demolition, renovation, and maintenance work. Due to the various matrices and asbestos fibre bonding in different materials, it is assumed that the fibre release potential will vary accordingly. This fibre release potential is investigated in this study. Additionally, the analytical method described in the TRGS 517 is applied regarding the determination of the mass content of asbestos in fine-grained products.

Mortared building materials with different asbestos mass contents are processed using the DusTower. The occupied filter is then processed and analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) according to IFA/BIA 7487. By measuring the asbestos fibres regarding their length and diameter, the mass content on the filter and in the product can subsequently be calculated.

The analysis shows that it is not possible to determine the mass content of asbestos in the product with this method. However, the fibre release potential behaves differently with the materials and some materials release more fibres than others. This depends on both the grain size and the fibre bond. We can draw important conclusions regarding methodology and more importantly, with respect to the fibre release potential of different materials which are being handled on building sites every day.
Varieties of common ground : common knowledge, common ignorance, and co-presence
Creators: name: Liu, Hao Lucy
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Common ground
subject: Common ignorance
subject: Coordination game
subject: Strategic ignorance
subject: Co-presence
subject: Video call interactions
subject: BF311.L58
subject: Psychology, Cognitive
subject: Communication--Psychological aspects
subject: Cognition in children
subject: Collective behavior

description: Common ground is seen as the basis for human communication and cooperation. Within common ground research, the main focus has always been on the knowledge that partners know together, i.e., "common knowledge". However, this neglects the factor of ignorance, which must be considered to be an integral component of common ground. To fill in this gap, different aspects of common ground (common knowledge, common ignorance, common privileged knowledge/ignorance) were investigated with a new coordination game in children between 4 and 8 years old. Results showed that common ignorance and common privileged ignorance were more difficult than common knowledge and common privileged knowledge: It was only by age 6 that children could use common ignorance at an equivalent level with common knowledge, and they had difficulty with “common privileged other knowledge” (i.e. self ignorance) even until age 8. Children’s understanding of ignorance was further probed with a preliminary investigation of strategic ignorance in children. As young as 4 years of age, children reported that they could actively choose not to know something, and from 5 years of age, adult-like reasons were given for things they preferred not to know. Common ground goes beyond common knowledge and ignorance states, and can also involve a feeling of co-presence. Whether physical co-presence in video calls could be simulated by partners using the same virtual background was investigated in an online study of adults. Results showed that using the same, as opposed to a different, background in video calls could enhance partners’ feelings of connectedness to some extent: They used a higher proportion of “we” pronouns, though they did not show a difference on other measurements such as perspective taking or mimicry. Taken together, this thesis contributes new knowledge about neglected aspects of common ground: the importance of common ignorance and its interplay with common knowledge in development, and the importance of markers of co-presence in the shared experience of online social interactions.
Analysis of the non-Markovianity for electron transfer reactions in an oligothiophene-fullerene heterojunction
Creators: name: Mangaud, Etienne
name: Meier, Christoph
name: Desouter-Lecomte, Michèle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The non-Markovianity of the electron transfer in an oligothiophene-fullerene heterojunction described by a spin-boson model is analyzed using the time dependent decoherence canonical rates and the volume of accessible states in the Bloch sphere. The dynamical map of the reduced electronic system is computed by the hierarchical equations of motion methodology (HEOM) providing an exact dynamics. Transitory witness of non-Markovianity is linked to the bath dynamics analyzed from the HEOM auxiliary matrices. The signature of the collective bath mode detected from HEOM in each electronic state is compared with predictions of the effective mode extracted from the spectral density. We show that including this main reaction coordinate in a one-dimensional vibronic system coupled to a residual bath satisfactorily describes the electron transfer by a simple Markovian Redfield equation. Non-Markovianity is computed for three inter fragment distances and compared with a priori criterion based on the system and bath characteristic timescales.
title: The taphonomic fate of biominerals in hydrothermal sulfide systems – implications for the reconstruction of microbial life in deep time
Creators: name: Runge, Eric Alexander
name: Mansor, Muammar
name: Kappler, Andreas
name: Pei, Yu
name: Višić, Hrvoje
name: Domingos, Jorinel-Manuel
name: Werner, Philip
name: Duda, Jan-Peter
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Hydrothermal sulfide systems are among the most ancient habitats on Earth and are widely considered potential sites for the emergence of life. Deposits from such settings are thus of great evolutionary significance, but the geobiology of our planet’s most ancient hydrothermal sulfide systems remains largely unexplored. This is mainly due to a limited understanding of the formation and preservation of microbial biosignatures in such settings, particularly over geological timescales. Here we present our strategy to explore the geobiology of ancient hydrothermal sulfides by integrating analytical and experimental methods from geology, geochemistry, and microbiology. Specifically, we expose synthetic and biogenic Fe-minerals to physical and chemical conditions relevant to microbial niches in hydrothermal environments on early Earth (<121°C, anoxic, sulfidic). We characterize the resulting precipitates with analytical imaging techniques, mineralogical methods, and geochemical approaches (e.g., SEM-EDS, µXRD, Raman spectroscopy, sequential Fe extraction). By comparing the observed characteristics with those of minerals in modern and ancient hydrothermal sulfide deposits, we are able to identify primary biogenic mineral precipitates and their transformation products. This integrative approach will allow us to develop an in-depth understanding of the formation and preservation of biosignatures in hydrothermal environments. This, in turn, is critical for the reconstruction of microbial life in deep time.
title: The behaviour of tin in skarns of the Variscan Erzgebirge – the Geyer skarn system as a case study
Creators: name: Meyer, Nicolas
name: Gutzmer, Jens
name: Markl, Gregor
name: Burisch, Mathias
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
This study focuses on the mineralogy and petrography of pro- and retrograde skarn stages at the Geyer Sn system in the Erzgebirge, Germany. These data are used to constrain how tin is distributed amongst silicate minerals and cassiterite, and how given tin-bearing minerals are related to the temporal fluid evolution. Skarns at Geyer are associated to comparatively thin (> 2 m) but laterally extensive marble layers and immediately adjacent mica schists that occur within meta-sedimentary successions of the Saxothuringian basement.

Prograde skarn stage I is characterized by diopside-rich skarnoids with locally reddish garnet. Prograde stage II comprises garnet-pyroxene skarns with massive greenish garnet. The early retrograde stage III is characterized by epidote and amphibole, whereas the late retrograde stage IV is associated with pervasive chloritization. Calc-silicates of stage I have low tin contents and discrete tin minerals are absent. In contrast, garnet of prograde skarn stage II contains up to 0.25 apfu and malayaite occurs locally. Early retrograde epidote and amphibole have elevated tin contents with up to 0.25 apfu and 0.4 apfu, respectively, whereas most of the cassiterite is associated with late retrograde chlorite of stage IV. The retrograde overprint is hence associated with a redistribution and possibly renewed introduction of tin and eventually results in the formation of cassiterite during the late retrograde stage. The observations imply that inheritance of Sn from meta-sedimentary host rocks is negligible. Sn mineralization also post-dates the contact metamorphism (skarnoid) and hence suggest that Sn is mainly introduced by the hydrothermal fluid.
Galactic disc profiles and a universal angular momentum distribution from statistical physics
Creators: name: Herpich, Jakob
name: Tremaine, Scott
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the stellar surface-brightness profiles in disc galaxies---observed to be approximately exponential---can be explained if radial migration efficiently scrambles the individual stars' angular momenta while conserving the circularity of the orbits and the total mass and angular momentum. In this case the disc's distribution of specific angular momenta $j$ should be near a maximum-entropy state and therefore approximately exponential, $dN\propto\exp(-j/\langle j\rangle)dj$. This distribution translates to a surface-density profile that is generally not an exponential function of radius: $Σ(R)\propto\exp[-R/R_e(R)]/(RR_e(R))(1+d\log v_c(R)/d\log R)$, for a rotation curve $v_c(R)$ and $R_e(R)\equiv\langle j\rangle/v_c(R)$. We show that such a profile matches the observed surface-brightness profiles of disc-dominated galaxies as well as the empirical exponential profile. Disc galaxies that exhibit population gradients cannot have fully reached a maximum-entropy state but appear to be close enough that their surface-brightness profiles are well-fit by this idealized model.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, published in MNRAS
Ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays from tidally-ignited white dwarfs
Creators: name: Batista, Rafael Alves
name: Silk, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) can be accelerated by tidal disruption events of stars by black holes. We suggest a novel mechanism for UHECR acceleration wherein white dwarfs (WDs) are tidally compressed by intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs), leading to their ignition and subsequent explosion as a supernova. Cosmic rays accelerated by the supernova may receive an energy boost when crossing the accretion-powered jet. The rate of encounters between WDs and IMBHs can be relatively high, as the number of IMBHs may be substantially augmented once account is taken of their likely presence in dwarf galaxies. Here we show that this kind of tidal disruption event naturally provides an intermediate composition for the observed UHECRs, and suggest that dwarf galaxies and globular clusters are suitable sites for particle acceleration to ultra-high energies.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Effect of processing conditions on the thermal and electrical conductivity of poly (butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites prepared via ring-opening polymerization
Creators: name: Colonna, S.
name: Bernal, M. M.
name: Gavoci, G.
name: Gomez, J.
name: Novara, C.
name: Saracco, G.
name: Fina, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Successful preparation of polymer nanocomposites, exploiting graphene-related materials, via melt mixing technology requires precise design, optimization and control of processing. In the present work, the effect of different processing parameters during the preparation of poly (butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites, through ring-opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate in presence of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP), was thoroughly addressed. Processing temperature (240°C or 260°C), extrusion time (5 or 10 minutes) and shear rate (50 or 100 rpm) were varied by means of a full factorial design of experiment approach, leading to the preparation of polybutylene terephthalate/GNP nanocomposite in 8 different processing conditions. Morphology and quality of GNP were investigated by means of electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetry and Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight of the polymer matrix in nanocomposites and nanoflake dispersion were experimentally determined as a function of the different processing conditions. The effect of transformation parameters on electrical and thermal properties was studied by means of electrical and thermal conductivity measurement. Heat and charge transport performance evidenced a clear correlation with the dispersion and fragmentation of the GNP nanoflakes; in particular, gentle processing conditions (low shear rate, short mixing time) turned out to be the most favourable condition to obtain high conductivity values.
Resource Theory of Total Quantum Coherence
Creators: name: Yang, Si-ren
name: Yu, Chang-shui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum coherence is an essential feature of quantum mechanics and is an important physical resource in quantum information. Recently, the resource theory of quantum coherence has been established parallel with that of entanglement. In the resource theory, a resource can be well defined if given three ingredients: the free states, the resource, the (restricted) free operations. In this paper, we study the resource theory of coherence in a different light, that is, we consider the total coherence defined by the basis-free coherence maximized among all potential basis. We define the distillable total coherence and the total coherence cost and in both the asymptotic regime and the single-copy regime show the reversible transformation between a state with certain total coherence and the state with the unit reference total coherence. Extensively, we demonstrate that the total coherence can also be completely converted to the total correlation with the equal amount by the free operations. We also provide the alternative operational meanings of the total coherence, respectively, based on the entanglement and the total correlation in a different way.
description: 8 pages. Version closest to the published one
title: Towards a single Cosmochemical Database: MetBase and the Astromaterials Data System (AstroMat) started a common future.
Creators: name: Hezel, Dominik C.
name: Lehnert, Kerstin A.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
MetBase is since more than 20 years one of the world’s largest database for meteorite compositions [1], currently hosted in Germany. Recently, the Astromaterials Data System (AstroMat) has been developed as a data infrastructure to store, curate, and provide access to cosmochemical laboratory data. Astromat and MetBase have a shared goal: advancing the reuse of lab analytical data from astromaterials samples to maximise their value and impact for science, and therefore agreed to merge in two distinct steps:

With a pilot project funded by the NFDI4Earth [2] we will make MetBase data fully FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable [3]), by adapting the recently established Astromat database schema [4], which is based on the EarthChem data model.
In a separate step, MetBase will be transferred and integrated into the Astromaterials system, a much higher level of integration, in which both databases will become one, making working with both entirely seamless.

The current MetBase graphical user interface will be modernised as part of the NFDI4Earth pilot project, then maintained at the GU Frankfurt, and become a general tool to access, visualise and work with cosmochemical and geochemical databases. Both MetBase and Astromat participate in the OneGeochemistry initiative, to contribute to community endorsed and governed standards for FAIR analytical data that will allow seamless data exchange and integration.

References: [1] http://www.metbase.org. [2] http://nfdi4earth.de [3] Stall et al. 2019. Nature 570(7759): 27-29. [4] https://www.astromat.org
title: Beyond isotope proxies: employing triple oxygen isotope systematics in the water cycle and in chemical sediments as quantitative tool
Creators: name: Herwartz, Daniel
name: Voigt, Claudia
name: El-Shenawy, Mohammed
name: Deussen, Katharina
name: Klipsch, Swea
name: Bajnai, David
name: Staubwasser, Michael
name: Münker, Carsten
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
Carbonate classic and clumped isotope ratios (δ18O and Δ47) are used to reconstruct paleotemperature. However, kinetic isotope effects (KIE) induce a bias on absolute temperature reconstructions. High precision δ17O measurements provide a refinement proxy to identify the direction and magnitude of KIEs in carbonates. Progress on this new proxy will be discussed.

The basic concept is similar to the combination of conventional oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses in water. Combined δ18O and δ2H analyses are commonly used to approximate the magnitude of KIEs during evaporation. Triple oxygen isotope measurements in water are now used in a similar fashion. The simultaneous utilization of both trajectories provides a powerful approach to reconstruct quantitative paleoclimate information. We applied this approach to extracted water from ancient gypsum formed in the Atacama Desert and in Cyprus during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. Quantitative information on paleo-humidity and palaeohydrology are obtained. Effectively, this information is derived by quantifying KIE.

In this example, the KIE is related to diffusion of water molecules through air. Other examples of KIE include the breaking of chemical bonds, molecular mixing effects or steady states. Triple oxygen isotope trajectories allow to distinguish between such fundamental processes. Respective concepts will be explained using examples from chert and phosphate triple oxygen isotope systematics.
title: Asbestos detection in buildings to prevent contamination of the recycling material stream
Creators: name: Friedrich, Sophie
name: Hönig, Martin
name: Bossemeyer, Hans-Dieter
name: Giern, Sandra
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The BMBF-funded research project “RECBest” aims at developing reliable methods for the detection and removal of hazardous building materials before demolition and at enhancing the resulting recycling material (RCM) through specialised processes.This presentation discusses select findings of the first year of research focusing on the detection of asbestos in buildings.

In September of 2021 the VDI 6202-3 was published, giving a statistical approach to the exploration and assessment of asbestos in buildings. Therefore, five condemned buildings that had previously been inspected for asbestos not using the VDI 6202-3 were again examined according to the VDI 6202-3. Comparing the results of both approaches showed that the standardised VDI method led to more reliable and detailed results. However, the common limitation remains the surveyors conducting the inspection as they have to correctly identify possible asbestos-containing materials beforehand.

A common problem during the inspection of condemned buildings for asbestos are concealed materials such as rebar spacers made of asbestos concrete. Thus, a non-invasive method of detecting rebar spacers using radiography was tested on a block of reinforced concrete. The resulting two-dimensional pictures clearly showed the locations of the rebar within the concrete block. Although the rebar spacers themselves could not be observed, the wires used to hold the spacers in place were visible and can therefore indicate where core drilling samples should be obtained.
Trisections of 4-manifolds via Lefschetz fibrations
Creators: name: Castro, Nickolas A.
name: Ozbagci, Burak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We develop a technique for gluing relative trisection diagrams of $4$-manifolds with nonempty connected boundary to obtain trisection diagrams for closed $4$-manifolds. As an application, we describe a trisection of any closed $4$-manifold which admits a Lefschetz fibration over $S^2$ equipped with a section of square $-1$, by an explicit diagram determined by the vanishing cycles of the Lefschetz fibration. In particular, we obtain a trisection diagram for some simply connected minimal complex surface of general type. As a consequence, we obtain explicit trisection diagrams for a pair of closed $4$-manifolds which are homeomorphic but not diffeomorphic. Moreover, we describe a trisection for any oriented $S^2$-bundle over any closed surface and in particular we draw the corresponding diagrams for $T^2 \times S^2$ and $T^2 \tilde{\times} S^2$ using our gluing technique. Furthermore, we provide an alternate proof of a recent result of Gay and Kirby which says that every closed $4$-manifold admits a trisection. The key feature of our proof is that Cerf theory takes a back seat to contact geometry.
description: 34 pages, 21 figures
ARC: An open-source library for calculating properties of alkali Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: Šibalić, N.
name: Pritchard, J. D.
name: Adams, C. S.
name: Weatherill, K. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an object-oriented Python library for computation of properties of highly-excited Rydberg states of alkali atoms. These include single-body effects such as dipole matrix elements, excited-state lifetimes (radiative and black-body limited) and Stark maps of atoms in external electric fields, as well as two-atom interaction potentials accounting for dipole and quadrupole coupling effects valid at both long and short range for arbitrary placement of the atomic dipoles. The package is cross-referenced to precise measurements of atomic energy levels and features extensive documentation to facilitate rapid upgrade or expansion by users. This library has direct application in the field of quantum information and quantum optics which exploit the strong Rydberg dipolar interactions for two-qubit gates, robust atom-light interfaces and simulating quantum many-body physics, as well as the field of metrology using Rydberg atoms as precise microwave electrometers.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, code and documentation available online (see Ref. [18] and Ref. [21] for more details)
title: Structural and geochemical data of the Mourne nappe near Kerames (Crete): Constraints on the tectonometamorphic evolution of the Uppermost Unit
Creators: name: Neuwirth, Nicolas
name: Groschopf, Nora
name: Linckens, Jolien
name: Marschall, Horst
name: Petschick, Rainer
name: Zulauf, Gernold
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The Uppermost Unit of Crete is attributed to the Internal Hellenides and consists of different nappes derived from an Upper Cretaceous arc (Asterrousia), and a late Jurassic to Cretaceous subduction-accretion  complex (Vatos, Arvi, Miamoux).  

Blueschists of the subduction-accretion complex of central Crete (Preveli nappe, T = ca. 350°C, P= ca. 1.2 GPa) are resting on top of Pindos rocks and are overlain by Cretaceous Vatos flysch, Jurassic ophiolites and a second sequence of blueschist-facies rocks referred to as Mourne nappe.

The Mourne blueschists show a large variety of amphiboles, such as glaucophane, riebeckite, richterite, ferri-winchite, barroisite, magnesio-hornblende, edenite and actinolite. K-Ar dating of barroisite and phengite yielded late Jurassic ages (Seidel et al., 1977).

Top-to-the SW shearing under epidote blueschist-facies conditions led to the dominant foliation of the Mourne metabasites, which  is characterized by the shape-preferred orientation of blue amphibole, omphacite (as relics), epidote, rutile and titanite.

Growth of barroisite, magnesio-hornblende and epidote indicate isothermal decompression under epidote-amphibolite facies conditions.

Cooling and further decompression is indicated by several generations of younger veins mineralized with albite, quartz, epidote, actinolite (greenschist facies) and actinolite, epidote, prehnite, calcite (prehnite-actinolite facies).

The youngest deformation led to discrete foliation-parallel shear zones under brittle conditions, related to the emplacement of the Mourne nappe on top of the ophiolites.

Funding by DFG (Zu 73-34) is gratefully acknowledged.

References

Seidel E et al (1977) Metamorphic rocks of late Jurassic age as components of the ophiolitic mélange on Gavdos and Crete (Greece). Geol. Jb. 28:3–21
Spontaneous Breaking of Non-Relativistic Scale Symmetry
Creators: name: Arav, Igal
name: Hason, Itamar
name: Oz, Yaron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking of scale invariance in Galilean invariant field theories. We show that the existence of a dynamic gapless dilaton mode depends on whether the $U(1)$ particle number or the Galilean boost symmetry are spontaneously broken. When both scale and particle number symmetries are spontaneously broken there is one propagating gapless Nambu-Goldstone mode. Its dispersion relation is linear if the chemical potential is nonzero and quadratic otherwise. We discuss the reversibility of RG flows in such theories.
description: 25 pages; revised
Morphology and properties evolution upon ring-opening polymerization during extrusion of cyclic butylene terephthalate and graphene-related-materials into thermally conductive nanocomposites
Creators: name: Colonna, S.
name: Monticelli, O.
name: Gomez, J.
name: Saracco, G.
name: Fina, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, the study of thermal conductivity before and after in-situ ring-opening polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate into poly (butylene terephthalate) in presence of graphene-related materials (GRM) is addressed, to gain insight in the modification of nanocomposites morphology upon polymerization. Five types of GRM were used: one type of graphite nanoplatelets, two different grades of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and the same rGO grades after thermal annealing for 1 hour at 1700°C under vacuum to reduce their defectiveness. Polymerization of CBT into pCBT, morphology and nanoparticle organization were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry, electron microscopy and rheology. Electrical and thermal properties were investigated by means of volumetric resistivity and bulk thermal conductivity measurement. In particular, the reduction of nanoflake aspect ratio during ring-opening polymerization was found to have a detrimental effect on both electrical and thermal conductivities in nanocomposites.
Implications of Conformal Symmetry in Quantum Mechanics
Creators: name: Okazaki, Tadashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In conformal quantum mechanics with the vacuum of a real scaling dimension and with a complete orthonormal set of energy eigenstates which is preferable under the unitary evolution, the dilatation expectation value between energy eigenstates monotonically decreases along the flow from the UV to the IR. In such conformal quantum mechanics there exist bounds on scaling dimensions of the physical states and the gauge operators.
description: 25 pages, 2 figures; v3: published version in Physical Review D
Separability criterion for three-qubit states with a four dimensional norm
Creators: name: Chen, Lin
name: Han, Kyung Hoon
name: Kye, Seung-Hyeok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a separability criterion for three qubit states in terms of diagonal and anti-diagonal entries. This gives us a complete characterization of separability when all the entries are zero except for diagonal and anti-diagonals. The criterion is expressed in terms of a norm arising from anti-diagonal entries. We compute this norm in several cases, so that we get criteria with which we can decide the separability by routine computations.
description: 29 pages, to appear in Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical
Oxidation dynamics of ultrathin GaSe probed through Raman spectroscopy
Creators: name: Bergeron, Alaric
name: Ibrahim, John
name: Leonelli, Richard
name: Francoeur, Sébastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gallium selenide (GaSe) is a 2D material with a thickness-dependent gap, strong non-linear optical coefficients and uncommon interband optical selection rules, making it interesting for optoelectronic and spintronic applications. In this work, we monitor the oxidation dynamics of GaSe with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 200 nm using Raman spectroscopy. In ambient temperature and humidity conditions, the intensity of all Raman modes and the luminescence decrease rapidly with moderate exposure to above-gap illumination. Concurrently, several oxidation products appear in the Raman spectra: Ga$_2$Se$_3$, Ga$_2$O$_3$ and amorphous and crystalline selenium. We find that no safe measurement power exists for optical measurements on ultrathin GaSe in ambient conditions. We demonstrate that the simultaneous presence of oxygen, humidity, and above-gap illumination is required to activate this photo-oxidation process, which is attributed to the transfer of photo-generated charge carriers towards aqueous oxygen at the sample surface, generating highly reactive superoxide anions that rapidly degrade the sample and quench the optical response of the material.
title: Discovering minerals and rocks
Creators: name: Kreher-Hartmann, Birgit
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
We all like to go on a discovery tour - regardless of age. And we like to use all our senses. But the most important thing in everything we do is that we UNDERSTAND what we are doing. Geoscientific collections in particular offer the potential to learn by TAPPING.

In German usage, „Verstehen“ and „Begreifen“ are to be used synonymously and it means to grasp with the hands, goes better into the memory, is better understood.

And that is what we do in practice in the museum, especially elementary and middle school students are very receptive here. Away from the strict theory and the classic guided tour, encourage the students to participate, to actively create. Practical examples, such as feeling in cloth bags, arranging selected rocks to form a rock cycle, actively getting to know physical properties such as hardness, fissility, density, fluorescence, etc. are presented using examples. Depending on the age, from KITA-age to senior, different modules are offered in the Mineralogical Collection of the University of Jena to get to know and "grasp" geoscientific contexts. There is a conscious decision not to use a lot of technology on site, and the focus is on working with the object. Thereby the uniqueness of the products of our nature is brought closer to the visitors, because only a conscious contact with nature can protect it!
Die Bibliothek als soziokulturelles Zentrum der erlebnisorientierten Wissensgesellschaft
Creators: name: Brinkmann, Dieter
name: Freericks, Renate
name: Herfort, Jana
Publisher: name: Hochschule Bremen
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Bibliothek
subject: Soziokulturelles Zentrum
subject: Freizeitforschung
subject: 300

description: Im Zentrum des Projekts an der Hochschule Bremen stand der Funktionswandel von öffentlichen Bibliotheken. Erkennbar ist eine steigende Bedeutung der Aufenthaltsqualität und der Rolle als informeller Treffpunkt. Auf der Basis einer qualitativen Studie wurden sieben Thesen zur Veränderung der Einrichtungen gewonnen.
Ultrahigh charge electron beams from laser-irradiated solid surface
Creators: name: Ma, Yong
name: Zhao, Jiarui
name: Li, Yifei
name: Li, Dazhang
name: Chen, Liming
name: Liu, Jianxun
name: Dann, Stephen J. D.
name: Ma, Yanyun
name: Yang, Xiaohu
name: Ge, Zheyi
name: Sheng, Zhengming
name: Zhang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compact acceleration of a tightly collimated relativistic electron beam with high charge from a laser-plasma interaction has many unique applications. However, currently the well-known schemes, including laser wakefield acceleration from gases and vacuum laser acceleration from solids, often produce electron beams either with low charge or with large divergence angles. In this work, we report the generation of highly collimated electron beams with a divergence angle of a few degrees, quasi-monoenergetic spectra peaked at the MeV level, and extremely high charge ($\sim$100 nC) via a powerful sub-ps laser pulse interacting with a solid target in grazing incidence. Particle-in-cell simulations illustrate a new direct laser acceleration scenario, in which the self-filamentation is triggered in a large-scale near-critical-density plasma and electron bunches are accelerated periodically and collimated by the ultra-intense electromagnetic field. The energy density of such electron beams in high-Z materials reaches to $\sim10^{12} \mathrm{J/m^{3}}$, making it a promising tool to drive warm or even hot dense matter states.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): halo formation times and halo assembly bias on the cosmic web
Creators: name: Tojeiro, Rita
name: Eardley, Elizabeth
name: Peacock, John A.
name: Norberg, Peder
name: Alpaslan, Mehmet
name: Driver, Simon P.
name: Henriques, Bruno
name: Hopkins, Andrew M.
name: Kafle, Prajwal R.
name: Robotham, Aaron S. G.
name: Thomas, Peter
name: Tonini, Chiara
name: Wild, Vivienne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present evidence for halo assembly bias as a function of geometric environment. By classifying GAMA galaxy groups as residing in voids, sheets, filaments or knots using a tidal tensor method, we find that low-mass haloes that reside in knots are older than haloes of the same mass that reside in voids. This result provides direct support to theories that link strong halo tidal interactions with halo assembly times. The trend with geometric environment is reversed at large halo mass, with haloes in knots being younger than haloes of the same mass in voids. We find a clear signal of halo downsizing - more massive haloes host galaxies that assembled their stars earlier. This overall trend holds independently of geometric environment. We support our analysis with an in-depth exploration of the L-Galaxies semi-analytic model, used here to correlate several galaxy properties with three different definitions of halo formation time. We find a complex relationship between halo formation time and galaxy properties, with significant scatter. We confirm that stellar mass to halo mass ratio, specific star-formation rate and mass-weighed age are reasonable proxies of halo formation time, especially at low halo masses. Instantaneous star-formation rate is a poor indicator at all halo masses. Using the same semi-analytic model, we create mock spectral observations using complex star-formation and chemical enrichment histories, that approximately mimic GAMA's typical signal-to-noise and wavelength range. We use these mocks to assert how well potential proxies of halo formation time may be recovered from GAMA-like spectroscopic data.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, minor revisions
Quantum correlations between single telecom photons and a multimode on-demand solid state quantum memory
Creators: name: Seri, Alessandro
name: Lenhard, Andreas
name: Rieländer, Daniel
name: Gündoğan, Mustafa
name: Ledingham, Patrick M.
name: Mazzera, Margherita
name: de Riedmatten, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum correlations between long lived quantum memories and telecom photons that can propagate with low loss in optical fibers are an essential resource for the realization of large scale quantum information networks. Significant progress has been realized in this direction with atomic and solid state systems. Here, we demonstrate quantum correlations between a telecom photon and a multimode on-demand solid state quantum memory. This is achieved by mapping a correlated single photon onto a spin collective excitation in a Pr$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal for a controllable time. The stored single photons are generated by cavity enhanced spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC) and heralded by their partner photons at telecom wavelength. These results represent the first demonstration of a multimode on-demand solid state quantum memory for external quantum states of light. They provide an important resource for quantum repeaters and pave the way for the implementation of quantum information networks with distant solid-state quantum nodes.
description: 6 pages, 4 figure, Appendix (6 pages and 10 figures), published version
title: Geosciences Support Monument Conservation - 25 Years of German Apsara Conservation Project
Creators: name: Leisen, Hans Josef W.
name: von Plehwe-Leisen, Esther
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2022

description:
The Angkor region was the center of the historic Khmer kingdom, now Cambodia, from the 9th-15th centuries. The Angkor Park, with over 200 temples, has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1992. The largest and most famous temple is the mountain temple of Angkor Wat, dating from the first half of the 12th century. It is built of sandstone over an artificial mountain with a substructure of laterite.

Angkor Wat is completely decorated with stone reliefs and houses the famous bas-reliefs depicting mythological scenes from Hinduism and the military feats of its builder God-King Suryavarman II on about 1.800 m².

The building stone of the temple is a clay-bound arkose. After more than 870 years of unprotected exposure in tropical climates, the stone shows some alarming weathering damage. Especially the weathering form of "scaling" threatens reliefs and building stones.

The German Apsara Conservation Project active for 25 years aims at the scientific conservation of sculptured surfaces at the temples in Angkor and other historical sites in Cambodia. Based on geoscientific investigations, the requirements for a conservation concept including materials and application could be formulated and adapted materials developed. A multidisciplinary project approach is followed together with other experts from engineering, microbiology, chemistry, and conservation sciences. Students from German and international universities are also involved.

A successful conservation concept needs highly trained practitioners for its implementation. About 20 Cambodian conservators work in the GACP, all trained in the project and meanwhile transferred to the Cambodian conservation authority APSARA.
БЛОКЧЕЙН И ЦИФРОВАЯ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЯ ТРАНСПОРТНОЙ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ
Creators: name: САИД-ЖАЛАЛОВ, САИДАЗИМХОН
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Современные города стремятся к цифровизации своей транспортной инфраструктуры для повышения эффективности управления и снижения издержек. В этом контексте технология блокчейн открывает новые возможности по обеспечению прозрачности, безопасности и автоматизации транспортных процессов. В данной работе анализируются ключевые перспективы внедрения блокчейна в транспортную систему, а также обсуждаются вызовы, которые могут возникнуть при его интеграции.
libvdwxc: A library for exchange-correlation functionals in the vdW-DF family
Creators: name: Larsen, Ask Hjorth
name: Kuisma, Mikael
name: Löfgren, Joakim
name: Pouillon, Yann
name: Erhart, Paul
name: Hyldgaard, Per
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present libvdwxc, a general library for evaluating the energy and potential for the family of vdW-DF exchange--correlation functionals. libvdwxc provides an efficient implementation of the vdW-DF method and can be interfaced with various general-purpose DFT codes. Currently, the GPAW and Octopus codes implement interfaces to libvdwxc. The present implementation emphasizes scalability and parallel performance, and thereby enables \textit{ab initio} calculations of nanometer-scale complexes. The numerical accuracy is benchmarked on the S22 test set whereas parallel performance is benchmarked on ligand-protected gold nanoparticles ($\text{Au}_{144}(\text{SC}_{11}\text{NH}_{25})_{60}$) up to 9696 atoms.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures