cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Redox evolution via gravitational differentiation on low mass planets: implications for abiotic oxygen, water loss and habitability
Creators: name: Wordsworth, R.
name: Schaefer, L.
name: Fischer, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oxidation of rocky planet surfaces and atmospheres, which arises from the twin forces of stellar nucleosynthesis and gravitational differentiation, is a universal process of key importance to habitability and exoplanet biosignature detection. Here we take a generalized approach to this phenomenon. Using a single parameter to describe redox state, we model the evolution of terrestrial planets around nearby M-stars and the Sun. Our model includes atmospheric photochemistry, diffusion and escape, line-by-line climate calculations and interior thermodynamics and chemistry. In most cases we find abiotic atmospheric O2 buildup around M-stars during the pre-main sequence phase to be much less than calculated previously, because the planet's magma ocean absorbs most oxygen liberated from H2O photolysis. However, loss of non-condensing atmospheric gases after the mantle solidifies remains a significant potential route to abiotic atmospheric O2 subsequently. In all cases, we predict that exoplanets that receive lower stellar fluxes, such as LHS1140b and TRAPPIST-1f and g, have the lowest probability of abiotic O2 buildup and hence may be the most interesting targets for future searches for biogenic O2. Key remaining uncertainties can be minimized in future by comparing our predictions for the atmospheres of hot, sterile exoplanets such as GJ1132b and TRAPPIST-1b and --c with observations.
description: One sentence in abstract updated to make proof match published version. Journal reference details added
Children of World War Two - Collected by Emsworth and District u3a, Hampshire
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Over several months our u3a has collected together a series of documents from our members that were children in World War Two. There is a lot of variety in the stories and a great deal of social history.We also held a "Childrens' Tea Party" for these members which we made as authentic as possible with a jeep, an air raid siren, music of the era and spam sandwiches!
On smoothness of carrying simplices
Creators: name: Mierczyński, Janusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34C30, 34C35 (Primary) 58F12, 92D40 (Secondary)

description: We consider dissipative strongly competitive systems $\dot{x}_{i}=x_{i}f_{i}(x)$ of ordinary differential equations. It is known that for a wide class of such systems there exists an invariant attracting hypersurface $Σ$, called the carrying simplex. In this note we give an amenable condition for $Σ$ to be a $C^{1}$ submanifold-with-corners. We also provide conditions, based on a recent work of M. Bena\"ım "On invariant hypersurfaces of strongly monotone maps", J. Differential Equations 137 (1997), 302-319, guaranteeing that $Σ$ is of class $C^{k+1}$.
description: 9 pages
The Turing Team's role in the Wellcome-Funded Data Science Without Borders Project
Creators: name: Sharan, Malvika
name: Rangel-Smith, Camila
name: Reckham, Owen
name: Payne, Katrina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This presentation was delivered at the Data Science Without Borders Launch Event at the Africa CDC, Ethiopia on 21 March 2024.
Glycine max Merr.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Glycine
Glycine max

description: Dolichos soja Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 727. 1753.
"Habitat in India." RCN: 5352.
 Lectotype (Verdcourt inTurland & Jarvis in Taxon 46: 469. 1997): [icon] “Daidsu” in Kaempfer, Amoen. Exot. Fasc.: 837, 838. 1712.
 Current name:  Glycine max  (L.) Merr. (Fabaceae: Faboideae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part D), pp. 474-489 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 485, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Interactions of Coloured Heavy Stable Particles in Matter
Creators: name: Mackeprang, Rasmus
name: Rizzi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present a physics model for the interactions of stable heavy hadrons containing a heavy parton with matter. The model presented is a natural continuation of the work started in hep-ex/0404001. However, changes and generalisations have been made allowing for the description of a broader scope of physics scenarios. As a special case the model is tested on the cases of stable gluino and stop hadrons, thus covering both stable colour triplet and octet states. Conclusions are drawn regarding the phenomenology of these cases including how to distinguish between them.
Learning Credible Models
Creators: name: Wang, Jiaxuan
name: Oh, Jeeheh
name: Wang, Haozhu
name: Wiens, Jenna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many settings, it is important that a model be capable of providing reasons for its predictions (i.e., the model must be interpretable). However, the model's reasoning may not conform with well-established knowledge. In such cases, while interpretable, the model lacks \textit{credibility}. In this work, we formally define credibility in the linear setting and focus on techniques for learning models that are both accurate and credible. In particular, we propose a regularization penalty, expert yielded estimates (EYE), that incorporates expert knowledge about well-known relationships among covariates and the outcome of interest. We give both theoretical and empirical results comparing our proposed method to several other regularization techniques. Across a range of settings, experiments on both synthetic and real data show that models learned using the EYE penalty are significantly more credible than those learned using other penalties. Applied to a large-scale patient risk stratification task, our proposed technique results in a model whose top features overlap significantly with known clinical risk factors, while still achieving good predictive performance.
Cosmic Voids and Biased Galaxy Formation
Creators: name: Little, Blane
name: Weinberg, David H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using cosmological $N$-body simulations and the void probability function (VPF), we investigate the statistical properties of voids within a wide range of initially Gaussian models for the origin of large-scale structure. We pay particular attention to the ability of the VPF to diagnose `biased galaxy formation': the preferential formation of galaxies in regions of high background density and corresponding suppression of galaxy formation in regions of low background density. Biased models have systematically higher VPFs than unbiased models, but for a given biasing scheme the VPF is relatively insensitive to the value of the bias factor $b$. Thus, while the VPF can distinguish unbiased models from some biased models, it is probably not a useful way to constrain the bias factor; uncertainties in the appropriate choice of biasing prescription overwhelm the mild dependence on $b$. We compare the predictions of our models to the most extensive VPF observations published to date. These data do {\it not} require strong biasing; Gaussian models in which galaxies trace mass can reproduce the VPF data to within the errors expected from the current finite volume fluctuations. Models with the moderate biasing predicted by cosmological simulations with gas dynamics yield a slightly better match to the data. Models in which galaxy formation is strongly suppressed in low density regions produce an excess of large, empty voids.
description: TeX + epsf, 36 pages incl. 11 eps figures, subm. to MNRAS
Finding a Voice and Fostering Independence. The Role of the SNA in Supporting Children with ASD in Mainstream Schools
Creators: name: Molloy, Niamh
Publisher: name: Student Teacher Educational Research (STER)
Year: 2021
Subjects: Inclusion
Special Education Assistants
Primary Education

description: Niamh Molloy, graduate of the Bachelor of Education at Marino Institute of Education, writes about her dissertation research - 'Finding a Voice and Fostering Independence. The Role of the SNA in Supporting Children with ASD in Mainstream Schools' in volume 4 of the STER e-Journal, 2021
Hysteretic vortex matching effects in high-$T_c$ superconductors with nanoscale periodic pinning landscapes fabricated by He ion beam projection technique
Creators: name: Zechner, G.
name: Jausner, F.
name: Haag, L. T.
name: Lang, W.
name: Dosmailov, M.
name: Bodea, M. A.
name: Pedarnig, J. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Square arrays of sub-micrometer columnar defects in thin YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{7-δ}$ (YBCO) films with spacings down to 300 nm have been fabricated by a He ion beam projection technique. Pronounced peaks in the critical current and corresponding minima in the resistance demonstrate the commensurate arrangement of flux quanta with the artificial pinning landscape, despite the strong intrinsic pinning in epitaxial YBCO films. Whereas these vortex matching signatures are exactly at predicted values in field-cooled experiments, they are displaced in zero-field cooled, magnetic-field ramped experiments, conserving the equidistance of the matching peaks and minima. These observations reveal an unconventional critical state in a cuprate superconductor with an artificial, periodic pinning array. The long-term stability of such out-of-equilibrium vortex arrangements paves the way for electronic applications employing fluxons.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures, to be published in Physical Review Applied
On the 'toy model" in the Reggeon field theory
Creators: name: Braun, M. A.
name: Vacca, G. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Reggeon field theory with zero transverse dimensions is studied in the Hamiltonian formulation for both sub-and supercritical pomeron. Mathematical aspects of the model, in particular the scalar products in the space of quantum states, are discussed. Relation to reaction-diffusion processes is derived in absence of pomeron merging. Numerical calculations for different parameters of the models, $α(0)-1=μ$ and the triple pomeron coupling constant $λ$, show that the triple pomeron interaction always makes amplitudes fall with rapidity irrespective of the value of the intercept. The smaller the values of the ratio $λ/μ$ the higher are rapidities $y$ at which this fall starts, so that at small values of $λ$ it begins at asymptotically high rapidities (for $λ/μ<1/4$ the fall is noticeable only at $μy>100$). No visible singularity is seen for the critical pomeron. A perturbative treatment is proposed which may be useful for more realistic models.
description: 22 pages, 8 figures, References added
Polarized Scattering in the Vicinty of Galaxies
Creators: name: Murphy, B. W.
name: Chernoff, D. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some bright cD galaxies in cluster cooling flows have Thomson optical depths exceeding 0.01. A few percent of their luminosity is scattered and appears as diffuse polarized emission. We calculate the scattering process for different geometric combinations of luminosity sources and scattering media. We apply our results to galaxies, with and without active nuclei, immersed in cooling flows. We model observations of NGC 1275 and M87 (without active nuclei) in the presence of sky and galactic background fluxes which hinder the measurement of the scattered light at optical wavelengths. Current instruments are unable to detect the scattered light from such objects. However, when a galaxy has an active nucleus of roughly the same luminosity as the remainder of the galaxy in V, both the total and polarized scattered intensity should observable on large scales (5--30kpc), meaning intensity levels greater than 1% of the background level. For typical AGN and galaxy spectral distributions, the scattering is most easily detected at short (U) wavelengths. We point out that a number of such cases will occur. We show that the radiation pattern from the central nuclear region can be mapped using the scattering. We also show that the scattered light can be used to measure inhomogeneities in the cooling flow.
description: 29 pages of TEX, 14 figs, CRSR-1046, in ApJ Nov 20, 1993
Electromagnetic form factors of the nucleon in spacelike and timelike regions
Creators: name: de Melo, J. P. B. C.
name: Frederico, T.
name: Pace, E.
name: Pisano, S.
name: Salme`, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An approach for a unified description of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors in spacelike and timelike regions is presented. The main ingredients of our model are: $i)$ a Mandelstam formula for the matrix elements of the nucleon electromagnetic current; $ii)$ a 3-dimensional reduction of the problem on the Light-Front performed within the so-called {\tt Propagator Pole Approximation} ({\bf PPA}), which consists in disregarding the analytical structure of the Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes and of the quark-photon vertex function in the integration over the minus components of the quark momenta; $iii)$ a dressed photon vertex in the $q\bar{q}$ channel, where the photon is described by its spin-1, hadronic component.
description: 8 pages, 9 figs., macro added. Proceedings of the XI Conf. on Problems in Theoretical Nuclear Physics, Cortona, Oct. 11-14, 2006
On the Lyman-alpha Emission of Starburst Galaxies
Creators: name: Valls-Gabaud, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nearby starburst galaxies have consistently shown anomalous Ly-alpha/H-beta ratios. By re-analysing the published IUE/optical observations, we show that most starbursts present a normal Ly-alpha emission, consistent with case B recombination theory, provided extinction laws appropriate to their metallicities are used. This implies that extinction is more important than multiple resonant scattering effects. The anomalous emission and absorption lines present in a few remaining galaxies are simply explained if they are observed in the post-burst phase, between about 10$^7$ and 10$^8$ yrs after the start of the burst. We use updated stellar population synthesis models to show that anomalous ratios are produced by the aging of stellar populations, since the underlying stellar Ly-alpha line is important in the cooler massive stars. The inferred low-duty cycle of massive star formation accounts naturally for the failure to detect large numbers of Ly-alpha--emitting galaxies in deep surveys and at high redshift. Some testable predictions of the proposed scenario are also discussed.
description: 7 PostScript pages with 4 Figures (included), astro-ph/yymmnnn
Towards a complete classification of non-chiral topological phases in 2D fermion systems
Creators: name: Zhou, Jing-Ren
name: Wang, Qing-Rui
name: Gu, Zheng-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years, fermionic topological phases of quantum matter has attracted a lot of attention. In a pioneer work by Gu, Wang and Wen, the concept of equivalence classes of fermionic local unitary(FLU) transformations was proposed to systematically understand non-chiral topological phases in 2D fermion systems and an incomplete classification was obtained. On the other hand, the physical picture of fermion condensation and its corresponding super pivotal categories give rise to a generic mathematical framework to describe fermionic topological phases of quantum matter. In particular, it has been pointed out that in certain fermionic topological phases, there exists the so-called q-type anyon excitations, which have no analogues in bosonic theories. In this paper, we generalize the Gu, Wang and Wen construction to include those fermionic topological phases with q-type anyon excitations. We argue that all non-chiral fermionic topological phases in 2+1D are characterized by a set of tensors $(N^{ij}_{k},F^{ij}_{k},F^{ijm,αβ}_{kln,χδ},n_{i},d_{i})$, which satisfy a set of nonlinear algebraic equations parameterized by phase factors $Ξ^{ijm,αβ}_{kl}$, $Ξ^{ij}_{kln,χδ}$, $Ω^{kim,αβ}_{jl}$ and $Ω^{ki}_{jln,χδ}$. Moreover, consistency conditions among algebraic equations give rise to additional constraints on these phase factors which allow us to construct a topological invariant partition for an arbitrary triangulation of 3D spin manifold. Finally, several examples with q-type anyon excitations are discussed, including the Fermionic topological phase from Tambara-Yamagami category for $\mathbb{Z}_{2N}$, which can be regarded as the $\mathbb{Z}_{2N}$ parafermion generalization of Ising fermionic topological phase.
description: 51 pages, 3 figures
The multi-line slope method for the measure of the effective magnetic field of the cool stars: an application to the solar like cycle of ε Eri
Creators: name: Scalia, C.
name: Leone, F.
name: Gangi, M.
name: Giarrusso, M.
name: Stift, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for the determination of integrated longitudinal stellar fields from low-resolution spectra is the so-called slope method, which is based on the regression of the Stokes V signal against the first derivative of Stokes I. Here we investigate the possibility to extend this technique to measure the magnetic fields of cool stars from high resolution spectra. For this purpose we developed a multi-line modification to the slope method, called multi-line slope method. We tested this technique by analysing synthetic spectra computed with the COSSAM code and real observations obtained with the high resolution spectropolarimeters Narval, HARPSpol and Catania Astrophysical Observatory Spectropolarimeter (CAOS). We show that the multi-line slope method is a fast alternative to the Least Squares Deconvolution (LSD) technique for the measurement of the effective magnetic fields of cool stars. Using a Fourier transform on the effective magnetic field variations of the star $ε$ Eri, we find that the long term periodicity of the field corresponds to the 2.95 yr period of the stellar dynamo, revealed by the variation of the activity index.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, 6 tables
A model to detect the fraud of electronic payment card transactions based on stream processing in big data
Creators: name: Banirostam, Hamid
name: BaniRostam, Touraj
name: Pedram, Mir Mohsen
name: Rahmani, Amir Masoud
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 461199
subject: Machine learning not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified

description: With the growing use of electronic cash cards, the number of transactions with these cards has also increased rapidly, so the importance of using fraud detection models has been paid attention to by financial organizations from various aspects. Electronic cash card fraud detection models often on a single algorithm, optimization of classifications and clusters, to find fraudulent patterns, which provide unsupervised or supervised methods. But the proposed model will use both unsupervised and supervised methods to detect fraud so that it will take advantage of the advantages of both methods. In the proposed method, by selecting the most important features of users’ behavioral patterns such as transaction time and values, their behavioral modeling is done which includes extracting different profiles of users and determining threshold values for each profile. The proposed model will work in real-time by combining two filters to detect electronic card fraud. The first filter is a fast filter that includes a number of unsupervised algorithms, but the second filter is an explicit filter that consists of a number of supervised algorithms. The proposed model creates a profile of the cardholder and measures the degree of deviation of the cardholder’s behavior pattern in new transactions through the Map/Reduce approach for parallel execution alongside the human observer. After then the transaction has been completed and the maximum difference between two consecutive orders of observations, the fraud or non-fraud label will be applied to the transaction and added to the relevant database for future use, in order to detect the deviation of the transaction. According to the simulation results of the proposed model, the accuracy criterion with All Variables, reducing the dimensions of PCA and LASSO is 0.985, 0.987, and 0.980, respectively. F1-Score criterion with All Variables, PCA, and LASSO dimension reduction will be 0.681, 0.676, and 0.669 respectively. The simulation results show that the case with the highest F1 score is the classification of the Proposed Model using all variables. By comparing the simulation results, it can be seen that the F1 score has a high discriminating power between different classification algorithms because the values obtained from it are more different. Also, the results of the calculated performance change values of each pre-processed data with dimension reduction showed that PCA and All variables have very similar performance.
Chiral expansion of the nucleon mass to order q^6
Creators: name: Schindler, M. R.
name: Djukanovic, D.
name: Gegelia, J.
name: Scherer, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a complete two-loop calculation at order q^6 of the nucleon mass in manifestly Lorentz-invariant chiral perturbation theory. The renormalization is performed using the reformulated infrared renormalization, which allows for the treatment of two-loop integrals while preserving all relevant symmetries, in particular chiral symmetry.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, REVTeX4
Teramnus uncinatus Sw.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Teramnus
Teramnus uncinatus

description: Dolichos uncinatus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, ed. 2, 2: 1019. 1763.
"Habitat in America." RCN: 5331.
 Lectotype (Verdcourt in Kew Bull. 24: 278. 1970): Browne, Herb. Linn. No. 900.3 (LINN).
 Current name:  Teramnus uncinatus  (L.) Sw. (Fabaceae: Faboideae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part D), pp. 474-489 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 485, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Reconstruction Analysis I.: Redshift--space deprojection in the quasi--nonlinear regime
Creators: name: Taylor, A. N.
name: Rowan-Robinson, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new method for extracting the true 3-d velocity and density fields from the nonlinear redshift--space projected density field. The method is based on the nonlinear, nonlocal transformation of the density field. We assume a curl--free velocity field, although in the formulation presented here this assumption can be dropped. Toy models with special symmetry are used to test the intrinsic accuracy of the method compared to linear theory. Finding significant improvement we then test the method in more detail on N--body simulations, considering the problems associated with sampling the density field using sparse, magnitude--limited galaxy redshift surveys. A method of estimating the magnitude of shot--noise effects on the deprojected velocity field is derived. We find there is a good correlation between the true and deprojected density and velocity fields, even in the mildly nonlinear regime, provided that on large scales galaxies trace the mass. An initial application is made to the IRAS--QDOT all--sky redshift survey.
description: 15, Latex,ROE14/93
Pinning down the mechanism of neutrinoless double beta decay with measurements in different nuclei
Creators: name: Deppisch, F.
name: Päs, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A measurement of neutrinoless double beta decay in one isotope does not allow to determine the underlying physics mechanism. We discuss the discrimination of mechanisms for neutrinoless double beta decay by comparing ratios of half life measurements for different isotopes. Six prominent examples for specific new physics contributions to neutrinoless double beta decay are analyzed. We find that the change in corresponding ratios of half lives varies from 60% for supersymmetric models up to a factor of 5-20 for extra-dimensional and left-right-symmetric mechanisms.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, version published in PRL
Evidence for Two Distinct Morphological Classes of Gamma-Ray Bursts from their Short Timescale Variability
Creators: name: Lamb, D. Q.
name: Graziani, C.
name: Smith, I. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have analyzed the 241 bursts for which peak counts $\C$ exist in the publicly available Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE) catalog. Introducing peak counts in 1024 ms as a measure of burst brightness $\B$ and the ratio of peak counts in 64 and 1024 ms as a measure of short timescale variability $\V$, we find a statistically significant correlation between the brightness and the short timescale variability of \g-ray bursts. The bursts which are smoother on short timescales are both faint and bright, while the bursts which are variable on short timescales are faint only, suggesting the existence of two distinct morphological classes of bursts.
description: 9 pages + 2 Postscript figures available upon request; LATEX v. 2.09
An Introduction to the Planck Mission
Creators: name: Clements, David L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the oldest light in the universe. It is seen today as black body radiation at a near-uniform temperature of 2.73K covering the entire sky. This radiation field is not perfectly uniform, but includes within it temperature anisotropies of order delta(T)/T ~ 10E-5. Physical processes in the early universe have left their fingerprints in these CMB anisotropies, which later grew to become the galaxies and large scale structure we see today. CMB anisotropy observations are thus a key tool for cosmology. The Planck Mission was the European Space Agency's (ESA) probe of the CMB. Its unique design allowed CMB anisotropies to be measured to greater precision over a wider range of scales than ever before. This article provides an introduction to the Planck Mission, including its goals and motivation, its instrumentation and technology, the physics of the CMB, how the contaminating astrophysical foregrounds were overcome, and the key cosmological results that this mission has so far produced.
description: 14 Figures, invited review paper, accepted for publication in Contemporary Physics
Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata Walp.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Vigna
Vigna unguiculata
Vigna unguiculata (l.) walp. subsp. unguiculata

description: Dolichos unguiculatus Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 725. 1753.
"Habitat in Barbados." RCN: 5332.
 Neotype (Westphal, Pulses Ethiopia, Taxon. Agric. Signif.: 213. 1974): Westphal 8682 (WAG; iso- K, P).
 Current name:  Vigna unguiculata  (L.) Walp. subsp.  unguiculata  (Fabaceae: Faboideae).
 Note: Piper (in Torreya 12: 190. 1912) interpreted this name via material in LINN (evidently sheet 900.5) identifiable as Phaseolus antillanus Urb., for which he substituted P. unguiculatus (L.) Piper. However, as queried by Merrill (in Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 24: 215. 1935), this is unannotated by Linnaeus and is not original material for the name. The absence of type material was noted by authors such as Fawcett & Rendle (Fl. Jamaica 4: 69. 1920), and this uncertainty led some to reject it informally. See review by Westphal who provided a neotype for the name.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part D), pp. 474-489 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 485, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Is Seniority a Partial Dynamic Symmetry in the First $νg_{9/2}$ Shell?
Creators: name: Morales, A. I.
name: Benzoni, G.
name: Watanabe, H.
name: de Angelis, G.
name: Nishimura, S.
name: Coraggio, L.
name: Gargano, A.
name: Itaco, N.
name: Otsuka, T.
name: Tsunoda, Y.
name: Van Isacker, P.
name: Browne, F.
name: Daido, R.
name: Doornenbal, P.
name: Fang, Y.
name: Lorusso, G.
name: Patel, Z.
name: Rice, S.
name: Sinclair, L.
name: Söderström, P. -A.
name: Sumikama, T.
name: Wu, J.
name: Xu, Z. Y.
name: Yagi, A.
name: Yokoyama, R.
name: Baba, H.
name: Avigo, R.
name: Garrote, F. L. Bello
name: Blasi, N.
name: Bracco, A.
name: Bruce, A. M.
name: Camera, F.
name: Ceruti, S.
name: Crespi, F. C. L.
name: Delattre, M. -C.
name: Dombradi, Zs.
name: Gottardo, A.
name: Isobe, T.
name: Kojouharov, I.
name: Kurz, N.
name: Kuti, I.
name: Lalkovski, S.
name: Matsui, K.
name: Melon, B.
name: Mengoni, D.
name: Miyazaki, T.
name: Modamio-Hoybjor, V.
name: Momiyama, S.
name: Napoli, D. R.
name: Niikura, M.
name: Orlandi, R.
name: Podolyák, Zs.
name: Regan, P. H.
name: Sakurai, H.
name: Sahin, E.
name: Sohler, D.
name: Schaffner, H.
name: Taniuchi, R.
name: Taprogge, J.
name: Vajta, Zs.
name: Valiente-Dobón, J. J.
name: Wieland, O.
name: Yalcinkaya, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-lying structures of the midshell $νg_{9/2}$ Ni isotopes $^{72}$Ni and $^{74}$Ni have been investigated at the RIBF facility in RIKEN within the EURICA collaboration. Previously unobserved low-lying states were accessed for the first time following $β$ decay of the mother nuclei $^{72}$Co and $^{74}$Co. As a result, we provide a complete picture in terms of the seniority scheme up to the first $(8^+)$ levels for both nuclei. The experimental results are compared to shell-model calculations in order to define to what extent the seniority quantum number is preserved in the first neutron $g_{9/2}$ shell. We find that the disappearance of the seniority isomerism in the $(8^+_1)$ states can be explained by a lowering of the seniority-four $(6^+)$ levels as predicted years ago. For $^{74}$Ni, the internal de-excitation pattern of the newly observed $(6^+_2)$ state supports a restoration of the normal seniority ordering up to spin $J=4$. This property, unexplained by the shell-model calculations, is in agreement with a dominance of the single-particle spherical regime near $^{78}$Ni.
Huge right-handed current effects in B->K*(K pi)l+l- in supersymmetry
Creators: name: Lunghi, E.
name: Matias, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transverse asymmetries in the decay B->K*(K pi)l+l- are an extremely sensitive probe of right-handed flavour-changing neutral currents. We show how to include the contribution from the chiral partner of the electromagnetic operator on the transverse asymmetries at NLO in QCD factorization. We then consider supersymmetric models with non-minimal flavour violation in the down-squark sector. We include all the relevant experimental constraints and present a numerical formula for B->Xs gamma that takes into account the most recent NNLO calculations. We show that the flavour-changing parameters of these models are poorly constrained by present data and allow for large effects on the transverse asymmetries that we consider.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, version to appear on JHEP
Electronic structures of impurities and point defects in semiconductors
Creators: name: Zhang, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A brief history of the impurity theories in semiconductors is provided. A bound exciton model is proposed for both donor- and acceptor- like impurities and point defects, which offers a unified understanding for "shallow" and "deep" impurities and point defects. The underlying physics of computational results using different density-functional theory based approaches are discussed and interpreted in the framework of the bound exciton model.
description: 40 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
The Extended 12 Micron Galaxy Sample
Creators: name: Rush, B.
name: Malkan, M. A.
name: Spinoglio, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have selected an all--sky sample of 893 galaxies from the IRAS FSC--2, defined by a total (ADDSCAN) 12um flux limit of 0.22~Jy. Completeness is verified to 0.30~Jy, below which we have quantified the incompleteness down to 0.22~Jy for our statistical analysis. ¶The Seyfert subsample is the largest unbiased sample of (118) Seyfert galaxies ever assembled and is complete not only to 0.30~Jy at 12um, but also with respect to a bolometric flux limit of $\sim2.0\times10^{-10}$~(cgs). The average $V/V_{max}$ for the full sample, corrected for incompleteness at low fluxes, is $0.51\pm0.04$, while that for Seyferts is $0.46\pm0.10$, suggesting that several Seyferts are yet to be identified in our sample. The AGN luminosity functions (LFs) are more complete than those of the optically selected CfA Seyfert galaxies for all luminosities and AGN types. ¶The 60um LF for a complete 60um--flux--limited (at 8.3~Jy) subsample of 235 galaxies is in satisfactory agreement with those derived from the bright galaxy sample (BGS) and the deep high--galactic latitude sample, both selected at 60um. Over the high lum. range where our sample and the BGS overlap, however, our space densities are systematically lower by a factor of $\sim 1.5$, whereas at low lum. our space densities are higher by about the same amount. Comparable results are obtained when comparing the far--IR LF of our entire sample with the one derived from the BGS. This is not unexpected, because of the bias towards high-luminosity spirals caused by selection at 60um.
description: 25~pages; LaTeX
Theoretical update of Bs-Bs-bar mixing
Creators: name: Lenz, Alexander
name: Nierste, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We update the theory predictions for the mass difference $\dm_s$, the width difference $\dg_s$ and the CP asymmetry in flavour-specific decays, $a_{\rm fs}^{s}$, for the \bbs system. In particular we present a new expression for the element $Γ_{12}^s$ of the decay matrix, which enters the predictions of $\dg_s$ and $a_{\rm fs}^{s}$. To this end we introduce a new operator basis, which reduces the troublesome sizes of the $1/m_b$ and $α_s$ corrections and diminishes the hadronic uncertainty in $\dg_s/\dm_s$ considerably. Logarithms of the charm quark mass are summed to all orders. We find $\dg_s/\dm_s= (49.7 \pm 9.4) \cdot 10^{-4}$ and $\dg_s =(f_{B_s}/240 {\rm MeV})^2 [(0.105 \pm 0.016) B + (0.024 \pm 0.004) \tilde{B}_S' - 0.027 \pm 0.015] {ps}^{-1}$ in terms of the bag parameters $B$, $\tilde{B}_S'$ in the NDR scheme and the decay constant $f_{B_s}$. The improved result for $Γ_{12}^s$ also permits the extraction of the CP-violating \bbms phase from $a_{\rm fs}^{s}$ with better accuracy. We show how the measurements of $ΔM_s$, $ΔΓ_s$, $a_{\rm fs}^{s}$, $A_{\rm CP}^{\rm mix}(B_s\to J/ψϕ)$ and other observables can be efficiently combined to constrain new physics. Applying our new formulae to data from the DØexperiment, we find a 2$σ$ deviation of the \bbms phase from its Standard Model value. We also briefly update the theory predictions for the \bbd system and find $\dg_d/\dm_d = \lt(52.6 \epm{11.5}{12.8} \rt) \cdot 10^{-4}$ and $a_{\rm fs}^d = \lt(-4.8\epm{1.0}{1.2} \rt) \cdot 10^{-4}$ in the Standard Model.
description: 38 pages, 7 figures, revised version to appear in JHEP, comments added. We correct the incorrect use of an experimental input in eq. (93) and Fig. 7. Our conclusions remain unchanged
Local Density of the Bose Glass Phase
Creators: name: Hettiarachchilage, K.
name: Moore, C.
name: Rousseau, V. G.
name: Tam, K. -M.
name: Jarrell, M.
name: Moreno, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the Bose-Hubbard model in the presence of on-site disorder in the canonical ensemble and conclude that the local density of the Bose glass phase behaves differently at incommensurate filling than it does at commensurate one. Scaling of the superfluid density at incommensurate filling of $ρ=1.1$ and on-site interaction $U=80t$ predicts a superfluid-Bose glass transition at disorder strength of $Δ_c \approx 30t$. At this filling the local density distribution shows skew behavior with increasing disorder strength. Multifractal analysis also suggests a multifractal behavior resembling that of the Anderson localization. Percolation analysis points to a phase transition of percolating non-integer filled sites around the same value of disorder. Our findings support the scenario of percolating superfluid clusters enhancing Anderson localization near the superfluid-Bose glass transition. On the other hand, the behavior of the commensurate filled system is rather different. Close to the tip of the Mott lobe ($ρ=1, U=22t$) we find a Mott insulator-Bose glass transition at disorder strength of $Δ_c \approx 16t$. An analysis of the local density distribution shows Gaussian like behavior for a wide range of disorders above and below the transition.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
Star Clusters
Creators: name: Heggie, Douglas C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This review concentrates almost entirely on globular star clusters. It emphasises the increasing realisation that few of the traditional problems of star cluster astronomy can be studied in isolation: the influence of the Galaxy affects dynamical evolution deep in the core, and the spectrum of stellar masses; in turn the evolution of the core determines the highest stellar densities, and the rate of encounters. In this way external tidal effects indirectly influence the formation and evolution of blue stragglers, binary pulsars, X-ray sources, etc. More controversially, the stellar density appears to influence the relative distribution of normal stars. In the opposite sense, the evolution of individual stars governs much of the early dynamics of a globular cluster, and the existence of large numbers of primordial binary stars has changed important details of our picture of the dynamical evolution. New computational tools which will become available in the next few years will help dynamical theorists to address these questions.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, TeX
Mucuna urens
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Fabales
Fabaceae
Mucuna
Mucuna urens

description: Dolichos urens Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 10, 2: 1162. 1759.
["Habitat in America meridionali."] Sp. Pl., ed. 2, 2: 1020 (1763). RCN: 5338.
 Lectotype (Verdcourt inTurland & Jarvis in Taxon 46: 469. 1997): [icon] " Phaseolus Americanus frutescens, foliis glabris, lobis pluribus, villosis, pungentibus, fructu orbiculari, plano, hilo nigro, tanquam annulo, totum fere ambiente" in Plukenet, Phytographia: t. 213, f. 2. 1692; Almag. Bot.: 292. 1696. - Voucher: Herb. Sloane 97: 86 (BM-SL).
 Current name:  Mucuna urens  (L.) DC. (Fabaceae: Faboideae).
 Note: Although Howard (Fl. Lesser Antilles 4: 510. 1988) indicated Plukenet material in Herb. Sloane as “type”, this was never seen by Linnaeus and is not original material for the name.
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part D), pp. 474-489 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 485, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Phyl Reeve: A Telephone Operator's Tale of Love
Creators: name: Project Team, Their Finest Hour
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430304
subject: British history
classificationCode: 430308
subject: European history (excl. British, classical Greek and Roman)
classificationCode: 430316
subject: International history

description: Phyllis Grace Reeve (nee Hart) (my mother)Phyllis was born on 4th December 1920 in Plaistow, East London and moved to 88 Willow Street Romford, Essex when she was about five. She was the oldest child of Mr and Mrs Frederick Hart. She had three siblings- Leslie, Leonard and Eileen. Her father was a steam engine driver.Phyl, as she was known as, left school at 14 and went to work in the local Co-op. She decided to attend evening classes and, at about 17, passed the Civil Service exam, which qualified her to become a telephonist. She worked at Hornchurch telephone exchange - a skilled job she really enjoyed.Phyl was nearly 19 when war broke out. She continued to work at the telephone exchange, even through all the bombings. Hornchurch was a target because it was close to London and had a large airfield. She used to talk about going up onto the roof of the exchange to watch the bombs dropping over London. She often worked the night shift which was quiet, so she filled the empty hours knitting. She told me she managed to buy some very fine 2-ply wool and knitted herself some very fine lacy jumpers. They must have looked beautiful.Phyl married Sgt. Frederick Thomas Reeve on 5th March 1945, just before the end of the war, in St Andrew's Church, Romford. There was a lively market in Romford, with stalls selling dress fabrics, which, of course, would be subjected to ration coupons. Apparently, there was a stall holder who ran a black market business from his home. Phyl went there one day and bought white satin fabric for her wedding dress. Her veil etc were borrowed, as were her four bridesmaids dresses. This is what brides did - borrow from one another. All four bridesmaids were in different dresses in different colours. Fred wore his army uniform. Phyl's bouquet was very large and made up of white arum lilies. Several friends and family members saved their sugar rations before the wedding and gave them to Phyl, so that a cake could be made. After the small reception in a local hall, they went away for a few days to Cornwall, after which Fred returned to the Shetland Islands where he was stationed and Phyl returned to her family home in Romford and her job as a telephonist.
Wilson loops in heavy ion collisions and their calculation in AdS/CFT
Creators: name: Liu, Hong
name: Rajagopal, Krishna
name: Wiedemann, Urs Achim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Expectation values of Wilson loops define the nonperturbative properties of the hot medium produced in heavy ion collisions that arise in the analysis of both radiative parton energy loss and quarkonium suppression. We use the AdS/CFT correspondence to calculate the expectation values of such Wilson loops in the strongly coupled plasma of N=4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) theory, allowing for the possibility that the plasma may be moving with some collective flow velocity as is the case in heavy ion collisions. We obtain the N=4 SYM values of the jet quenching parameter $\hat q$, which describes the energy loss of a hard parton in QCD, and of the velocity-dependence of the quark-antiquark screening length for a moving dipole as a function of the angle between its velocity and its orientation. We show that if the quark-gluon plasma is flowing with velocity v_f at an angle theta with respect to the trajectory of a hard parton, the jet quenching parameter $\hat q$ is modified by a factor gamma_f(1-v_f cos theta), and show that this result applies in QCD as in N=4 SYM. We discuss the relevance of the lessons we are learning from all these calculations to heavy ion collisions at RHIC and at the LHC. Furthermore, we discuss the relation between our results and those obtained in other theories with gravity duals, showing in particular that the ratio between $\hat q$ in any two conformal theories with gravity duals is the square root of the ratio of their central charges. This leads us to conjecture that in nonconformal theories $\hat q$ defines a quantity that always decreases along renormalization group trajectories and allows us to use our calculation of $\hat q$ in N=4 SYM to make a conjecture for its value in QCD.
description: 61 pages, 8 figures. Note added discussing relation between our work and that in several papers that have appeared recently. References added