cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quaternionic Hankel operators and approximation by slice regular functions
Creators: name: Sarfatti, Giulia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30G35, 47B35

description: In this paper we study Hankel operators in the quaternionic setting. In particular we prove that they can be exploited to measure the $L^{\infty}$ distance of a slice $L^{\infty}$ function from the space of bounded slice regular functions.
description: 19 pages
Exploring Adoption Effects of Subsidies and Soil Fertility Management in Malawi
Creators: name: Khonje, Makaiko
name: Nyondo, Christone
name: Chilora, Lemekezani
name: Mangisoni, Julius H.
name: Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob
name: Burke, William J.
name: Khonje, Makaiko
name: Nyondo, Christone
name: Chilora, Lemekezani
name: Mangisoni, Julius H.
name: Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob
name: Burke, William J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Input subsidies
subject: soil health
subject: soil fertility management
subject: nutrition
subject: Malawi

description: • The Farm Input Subsidy Program (FISP) has been implemented since 2004, yet yields for key crops have remained low due to low crop response to inorganic fertilizers, which has limited the programʼs effect on food insecurity and poverty. • The poor response is partly attributed to poor soil health and low adoption rates of soil and water conservation practices. • Using data from a decade-long nationally representative panel, we analyze joint adoption effects of input subsidies and integrated soil fertility management (ISFM) on crop income and nutrition. • Participation in FISP is positively correlated with adoption of ISFM practices, including conservation agriculture, soil and water conservation, and organic fertilizers. • Joint use of input subsidies and ISFM practices is positively correlated with higher crop income and improved household nutrition. • Policy proposals to address low productivity and nutritional insecurity are highlighted
NLRP12 Suppresses Colon Inflammation and Tumorigenesis through the Negative Regulation of Noncanonical NF-κB Signaling
Creators: name: Wilson, Justin E.
name: Schneider, Monika
name: Uronis, Joshua M.
name: Roberts, Reid A.
name: Herfarth, Hans H.
name: Jobin, Christian
name: Davis, Beckley K.
name: Arthur, Janelle C.
name: Woodford, Rita-Marie T.
name: Allen, Irving C.
name: Lich, John D.
name: Rogers, Arlin B.
name: Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In vitro data suggest that a subgroup of NLR proteins, including NLRP12, inhibits the transcription factor NF-κB, although physiologic and disease-relevant evidence is largely missing. Dysregulated NF-κB activity is associated with colonic inflammation and cancer, and we found Nlrp12(-/-) mice were highly susceptible to colitis and colitis-associated colon cancer. Polyps isolated from Nlrp12(-/-) mice showed elevated noncanonical NF-κB activation and increased expression of target genes that were associated with cancer, including Cxcl13 and Cxcl12. NLRP12 negatively regulated ERK and AKT signaling pathways in affected tumor tissues. Both hematopoietic- and nonhematopoietic-derived NLRP12 contributed to inflammation, but the latter dominantly contributed to tumorigenesis. The noncanonical NF-κB pathway was regulated upon degradation of TRAF3 and activation of NIK. NLRP12 interacted with both NIK and TRAF3, and Nlrp12(-/-) cells have constitutively elevated NIK, p100 processing to p52 and reduced TRAF3. Thus, NLRP12 is a checkpoint of noncanonical NF-κB, inflammation, and tumorigenesis.
Computational strategies for the accurate thermochemistry and kinetics of gas-phase reactions
Creators: name: Lupi, Jacopo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This PhD thesis focuses on the theoretical and computational modeling of gas phase chemical reactions, with a particular emphasis on astrophysical and atmospherical ones. The ability to accurately determine the rate coefficients of key elementary reactions is deeply connected to the accurate determination of geometrical parameters, vibrational frequencies and, even more importantly, electronic energies and zeropoint energy corrections of reactants, transition states, intermediates and products involved in the chemical reaction, together with a suitable choice of the statistical approach for the rate computation (i.e. the proper transition state theory model). The main factor limiting the accuracy of this process is the computational time requested to reach meaningful results (i.e. reaching subchemical accuracy below 1 kJ mol−1), which increases dramatically with the the size of the system under investigation. For small-sized systems, several nonempirical procedures have been developed and presented in the literature. However, for larger systems the well-known model chemistries are far from being parameter-free since they include some empirical parameters and employ geometries which are not fully reliable for transition states and noncovalent complexes possibly ruling the entrance channels. Based on these premises, this dissertation has been focused on the development of new “cheap” composite schemes, entirely based on the frozen core coupled cluster ansatz including single, double, and (perturbative) triple excitation calculations in conjunction with a triple-zeta quality basis set, including the contributions due to the extrapolation to the complete basis set limit and core-valence effects using second-order Møller- Plesset perturbation theory. For the first time the “cheap” scheme has been extended to explicitly-correlated methods, which have an improved performance with respect to their conventional counterparts. Benchmarks with different sets of state of the art energy barriers, interaction energies and geometrical parameters spanning a wide range of values show that, in the absence of strong multireference contributions, the proposed models outperforms the most well-known model chemistries, reaching a subchemical accuracy without any empirical parameter and with affordable computer times. Besides the composite schemes development efforts, a robust protocol for disclosing the thermochemistry and kinetics of reactions of atmospheric and astrophysical interest, rooted in the so-called ab initio-transition-state-theory-based master equation approach have been thoroughly investigated and validated.
Assessing Alternatives to Tobacco Farming for Smallholders in Malawi
Creators: name: Shah, Mrunal
name: Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob
name: Khonje, Makaiko
name: Shah, Mrunal
name: Ricker-Gilbert, Jacob
name: Khonje, Makaiko
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Tobacco
subject: smallholder income
subject: crop diversification
subject: profitability
subject: Malawi

description: • Malawi is arguably the worldʼs most tobacco dependent economy, yet its future as a major tobacco producer is uncertain due to the perception of declining tobacco prices over time, along with health risks, child labor laws, and anti-smoking campaigns. • Using nationally representative data, along with time series data on tobacco prices, we assessed the profitability of Malawian tobacco and its potential alternative crops. • We found that the percentage of smallholder farmers growing tobacco declined over the past 10 years from 16% in 2009-2010 to 5% in 2018-2019. • Smallholder farmers who left tobacco cultivation allocated their tobacco land to maize and to smaller extent grain legume crops. • Tobacco is more profitable than alternative crops for smallholder farmers who remained in tobacco production. • Improving value chains for other high value crops is more cost-effective than focusing on moving the remaining 5% of smallholder farmers out of tobacco cultivation.
Uniform Definability in Propositional Dependence Logic
Creators: name: Yang, Fan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03B60, 03B65

description: Both propositional dependence logic and inquisitive logic are expressively complete. As a consequence, every formula with intuitionistic disjunction or intuitionistic implication can be translated equivalently into a formula in the language of propositional dependence logic without these two connectives. We show that although such a (non-compositional) translation exists, neither intuitionistic disjunction nor intuitionistic implication is uniformly definable in propositional dependence logic.
Resilience in Humanitarian Supply Chains: A Focus on the Procurement Decisions
Creators: name: Sawyerr, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2021
Subjects: Supply chain resilience; procurement decision making; humanitarian logistics; donor influence.

description: This thesis looks into how the need for resilience in humanitarian aid supply chains influences procurement strategy decisions. Increasingly, the need for resilience in supply chains has become undoubted and management researchers have prescribed diverse ways of pursuing it; not only so that supply chains may be better prepared to avoid, respond and recover from disruptions, but to also provide them with competitive advantage. Considering that the procurement function has gone beyond a simple business function to include the strategic management of resources and suppliers when pursuing supply chain resilience (SCR), the role of procurement decisions cannot be understated, especially as suppliers could become significant sources of disruptions. This is even more pronounced in humanitarian supply chains where disruptions do not only result in the loss of limited resources but sometimes human lives as well. Due to this criticality for resilience in humanitarian supply chains and the limited research here particularly from a procurement perspective, this research collects qualitative data through semi-structured interviews and document analysis from 8 UK-based humanitarian organisations. The data is analysed to identify how these organisations pursue SCR formative elements from a procurement perspective and also how pre-contract procurement decisions relative to inter-organisational interactions are guided by the need for resilience. Findings show that cross-training, flexible contracting, and financial resilience are critical to attaining SCR in humanitarian supply chains as they influence many of the identified formative elements. Differences are identified in the relationships between decisions taken under procurement strategy towards resilience from those in commercial supply chains, with monetary value and donor requirements being major influencing factors. Donor influence on procurement decisions in humanitarian organisations is identified to positively influence multiple formative elements including risk avoidance, sustainability, decision making and culture. It however inhibits flexibility and agility. Contributions from this research include the presentation of a theoretical framework on procurement strategy decisions towards achieving SCR. This is then empirically tested in UK humanitarian supply chain context and a simple but useful framework to aid managerial decision making in the sector is provided.
Semi-parametric accelerated failure time mixture cure model with partly interval-censored data
Creators: name: Li, Isabel
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The accelerated failure time (AFT) model is an important alternative to the proportional hazards model in survival analysis. To accommodate a subpopulation who are not susceptible to the event of interest, an AFT mixture cure model can be used. Common limitations with existing research are that they are focused on right-censored survival data only and cannot estimate the baseline hazard function. This thesis uses Gaussian basis functions to approximate the nonparametric baseline hazard. By using maximum penalised likelihood (MPL) estimation, smooth estimates of the baseline hazard function can be obtained whilst estimating the regression parameters. The derived asymptotic properties also allow largesample inference to be made on regression parameters and hazard related quantities. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the model performance, which includes a comparative study with an existing method from the smcure R package. The results show that the MPL method generally performs better in the survival model across all sample sizes, whilst the smcure produces less outliers in the cure model when the sample size is small. A real case study involving melanoma recurrence is also carried out which illustrates the usage of the model and an R package is developed to implement the proposed method.
title: The para-state nexus and US statecraft in the global South: The evolution of paramilitaries and private military companies in counterinsurgency and unconventional warfare
Creators: name: Thomson, Andrew
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: This thesis examines why the US has increasingly rel ied on proxy forms of intervention in counterinsurgency and unconventional warfare operations and support Most existing studies on paramil itaries, mercenaries, and private military companies (PMCs) in US foreign policy analyze these actors separately from one another and tend to emphasize the ir relative newness in the post-Cold War security environment. In contrast, this thesis traces the continuity and evolution of the use of para-institutional actors in US-led and supported counterinsurgency and unconventional warfare engagements in the global South throughout the post-war period. It places this analysis in the context of US Open Door grand strategy and hegemonic ro le in the international system. ill doing so, it develops a para-statal model cfUS foreign policy that is inclusive of the variegated connections between the US and para-institutional forces . The "para-state nexus", as I have labeled it, conceprualizes the intersection of the l!S and various parallel mil itary formations and the ways in which they operate as a para-extension to US coercive reach. This thesis argues that the development and entrenchment of a para-state nexus is inextricably bound to US Open Door imperatives to "stabilize" favorab le political and economic state arrangements in countries in the glo bal South threate ned by significant opposition "from below", conducive to US interests and the global capitalist system as a whole. Thus it posits that this "para-state nexus" is embedded in structural relations of the liberalized global order, and forms a central component of the US's managerial role in the international system. This presents an alternative historical account of the evolution of PMCs in US foreign policy, and demonstrates that practices such as the "Salvador option" have extensive historical roots in the prosecution of US modes of coercive statecraft abroad.
Supplementary document for Content Aware Multi-focus Image Fusion for High-Magnification Blood Film Microscopy - 5624065.pdf
Creators: name: Manescu, Petru
name: Shaw, Mike
name: ZAJICZEK, Lydia NEARY-
name: BENDKOWSKI, Christopher
name: Claveau, Rémy
name: Elmi, Muna
name: Brown, Biobele
name: Fernandez-Reyes, Delmiro
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Supplemental Document 1
Narratives in language learning materials of Spanish language classes for asylum seekers in Spain: modulation of Arab women's identities in a neoliberal era
Creators: name: Sanchez Santos, Laura
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: The scenario of formal programs of local language acquisition for migrants is a contested space in which many factors come into play. This thesis focuses on the processes and approaches that are involved in the narratives in learning material related to the construction of the identity and the concept of otherness of Arab women who attend Spanish class in an asylum seeker program in Spain. Grounded on the theories of decolonialism (Mignolo, Castro-Gómez, Grosfoguel, Holas, Kusch) and postcolonialism (Said, Bhabha, Yegenoglu, Lewis) and having hybridity and biopower—in Foucault´s words—as key elements in the processes of identification, the project bases its conclusions on critical discourse analysis (CDA) of multimodal texts presented in the learning material (textbooks and website). This particular object of study is significant in this project as real material where cognitive structures presented will influence the modulation of identity alongside the construction of otherness and other realities such as culture, norms of conduct and/or sense of belonging. Firstly, this analysis highlights different elements in the discourses identified in these materials that suggest the drawing of a biased vision (reinforcing power of elites and structural inequality) in the construction of otherness about Arab women within the community. And from there, the analysis outlines the power strategies embedded in the discourse reproduced in these materials in Spanish class for migrants and how that may limit the direction of the identity modulation available to students as mere profitable beings for the community. That also involves the idea that this description of reality may encourage the exclusion of these students in the community as empowered social agents.
The Mitochondrial Proteins NLRX1 and TUFM Form a Complex that Regulates Type I Interferon and Autophagy
Creators: name: Semenkovich, Clay F.
name: Chen, Xian
name: Lei, Yu
name: Damania, Blossom
name: Zhang, Lu
name: Razani, Babak
name: Siderovski, David P.
name: Wen, Haitao
name: Widman, Douglas G.
name: Swanson, Karen V.
name: Giguère, Patrick M.
name: Yu, Yanbao
name: Hiscott, John
name: Taxman, Debra J.
name: Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
name: Moore, Chris B.
name: Wen, Kwun-Wah
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: The mitochondrial protein MAVS (also known as IPS-1, VISA, CARDIF) interacts with RLR (RIG-I-like receptors) to induce type 1 interferon (IFN-I) during viral infection. NLRX1 is a mitochondrial NLR (nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeats containing) protein that attenuates MAVS-RLR signaling. Using Nlrx1−/− cells we confirmed NLRX1 attenuated IFN-I production, but additionally promoted autophagy during viral infection. This dual function of NLRX1 paralleled the previously described functions of the autophagy-related proteins Atg5-Atg12, but NLRX1 did not associate with Atg5-Atg12. High throughput quantitative mass spectrometry and endogenous protein-protein interaction revealed an NLRX1-interacting partner, mitochondrial Tu translation elongation factor (TUFM). TUFM interacted with Atg5-Atg12 and Atg16L1, and has similar functions as NLRX1 by inhibiting RLR-induced IFN-I but promoting autophagy. In the absence of NLRX1, increased IFN-I and decreased autophagy provide an advantage for host defense against vesicular stomatitis virus. This study establishes a link between an NLR protein and the viral-induced autophagic machinery via an intermediary partner, TUFM.
Intimate partner violence involving children and the parenting role : Black mothers’ perspectives of social support and the well-being of their children
Creators: name: Gojer, Sarah Rebecca
name: 0000-0002-6092-8607
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: IPV
Black
Mothers
Children

description: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health problem that disproportionately affects marginalized women of color and poses an intergenerational burden when it occurs in mothers. Children of mother survivors of IPV are at increased risk for experiencing a variety of mental health problems. Few studies have explored how mothers experience IPV that directly involves their children or their parenting (IPV-CP), and little is known about the mental health outcomes of children of mothers experiencing IPV-CP. Although social support protects against the harmful effect of IPV on mental health outcomes, little is known about the social support experiences of mother survivors of IPV-CP. The purpose of this qualitative study was to contribute to the limited research on IPV-CP by exploring the unique IPV-CP experiences of Black mothers, their perceptions of the mental well-being of their children, and the quality of their social support as a potential mitigating factor. A secondary thematic analysis was conducted on 25 interviews from nine Black mothers. Participants completed interviews at three time points (baseline, 1 months, and 3 months). Participants described IPV-CP experiences such as their partners 1) undermining mothers’ parenting, 2) taking away their children, 3) punishing mothers by harming children, 4) committing IPV in front of the children, 5) committing physical IPV targeting both mothers and children, 6) using children to manipulate mothers, and 7) preventing mothers from caring for their children. Mothers described their children as having a combination of mental illness and engaging in risky and problematic behaviors, such as substance use. Mothers generally described ways in which they lacked adequate social support. Participants discussed social support resources such as instrumental, emotional, belonging, and informational support. Mothers discussed institutional supports, such as community resources and services, healthcare, housing, and social welfare. Mothers described a variety of barriers to receiving help from institutional support systems, highlighting the role of structural racism on the negative social support experiences of Black mothers experiencing IPV-CP. Findings are intended to inform the design of a conceptual framework to test in future quantitative studies.
The Short Isoform of the CEACAM1 Receptor in Intestinal T Cells Regulates Mucosal Immunity and Homeostasis via Tfh Cell Induction
Creators: name: Nagaishi, Takashi
name: Jobin, Christian
name: Hosomi, Shuhei
name: Holmes, Kathryn V.
name: Baker, Kristi
name: Beauchemin, Nicole
name: Halvorsen, Elizabeth M.
name: Chen, Lanfen
name: Arthur, Janelle C.
name: Pires da Cunha, Andre
name: Ho, Joshua W.K.
name: Higgins, Darren E.
name: Gerber, Georg
name: Chen, Zhangguo
name: Dery, Ken J.
name: Huang, Yu-Hwa
name: Onderdonk, Andrew B.
name: Bry, Lynn
name: Flak, Magdalena B.
name: Weiner, Howard L.
name: Shively, John E.
name: Blumberg, Richard S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Carcinoembryonic antigen cell adhesion molecule like I (CEACAM1) is expressed on activated T cells and signals through either a long (L) cytoplasmic tail containing immune receptor tyrosine based inhibitory motifs, which provide inhibitory function, or a short (S) cytoplasmic tail with an unknown role. Previous studies on peripheral T cells show that CEACAM1-L isoforms predominate with little to no detectable CEACAM1-S isoforms in mouse and human. We show here that this was not the case in tissue resident T cells of intestines and gut associated lymphoid tissues which demonstrated predominant expression of CEACAM1-S isoforms relative to CEACAM1-L isoforms in human and mouse. This tissue resident predominance of CEACAM1-S expression was determined by the intestinal environment where it served a stimulatory function leading to the regulation of T cell subsets associated with generation of secretory IgA immunity, the regulation of mucosal commensalism, and defense of the barrier against enteropathogens.
Frequency localized regularity criteria for the 3D Navier-Stokes equations
Creators: name: Grujic, Zoran
name: Bradshaw, Zachary
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Two regularity criteria are established to highlight which Littlewood-Paley frequencies play an essential role in possible singularity formation in a Leray-Hopf weak solution to the Navier-Stokes equations in three spatial dimensions. One of these is a frequency localized refinement of known Ladyzhenskaya-Prodi-Serrin-type regularity criteria restricted to a finite window of frequencies the lower bound of which diverges to $+\infty$ as $t$ approaches an initial singular time.
description: Accepted to Archives for Rational Mechanics and Analysis
Interferon-Inducible Cholesterol-25-Hydroxylase Broadly Inhibits Viral Entry by Production of 25-Hydroxycholesterol
Creators: name: Guo, Haitao
name: Pernet, Olivier
name: Cheng, Genhong
name: Li, Guangming
name: Zack, Jerome A.
name: Lee, Benhur
name: Marsden, Matthew D.
name: Su, Lishan
name: Chikere, Kelechi
name: Smith, Jennifer K.
name: Aliyari, Roghiyh
name: Liu, Su-Yang
name: Nusbaum, Rebecca
name: Freiberg, Alexander N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Interferons (IFN) are essential antiviral cytokines that establish the cellular antiviral state through upregulation of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), most of which have uncharacterized functions and mechanisms. We identified Cholesterol-25-hydroxylase (Ch25h) as an antiviral ISG that can convert cholesterol to a soluble antiviral factor, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25HC). Ch25h expression or 25HC treatment in cultured cells broadly inhibits enveloped viruses including VSV, HSV, HIV, and MHV68 as well as acutely pathogenic EBOV, RVFV, RSSEV, and Nipah viruses under BSL4 conditions. As a soluble oxysterol, 25HC inhibits viral entry by blocking membrane fusion between virus and cell. In animal models, Ch25h-knockout mice were more susceptible to MHV68 lytic infection. Moreover, administration of 25HC in humanized mice suppressed HIV replication and rescued T-cell depletion. Thus, our studies demonstrate a unique mechanism by which IFN achieves its antiviral state through the production of a natural oxysterol to inhibit viral entry and implicate membrane-modifying oxysterols as potential antiviral therapeutics.
Mechanisms of NOD-like Receptor-Associated Inflammasome Activation
Creators: name: Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
name: Miao, Edward A.
name: Wen, Haitao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: A major function of a subfamily of NLR (nucleotide-binding domain, leucine rich repeat containing or NOD-like receptor) proteins is in inflammasome activation, which has been implicated in a multitude of disease models and human diseases. This work will highlight key progress in understanding the mechanisms which activates the best studied NLRs (NLRP3, NLRC4, NAIP and NLRP1) and in uncovering new inflammasome NLRs.
From dynamics to links: a sparse reconstruction of the topology of a neural network
Creators: name: Aletti, Giacomo
name: Lonardoni, Davide
name: Naldi, Giovanni
name: Nieus, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: One major challenge in neuroscience is the identification of interrelations between signals reflecting neural activity and how information processing occurs in the neural circuits. At the cellular and molecular level, mechanisms of signal transduction have been studied intensively and a better knowledge and understanding of some basic processes of information handling by neurons has been achieved. In contrast, little is known about the organization and function of complex neuronal networks. Experimental methods are now available to simultaneously monitor electrical activity of a large number of neurons in real time. Then, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the spiking activity of individual neurons is a very valuable tool for the study of the dynamics and architecture of the neural networks. Such activity is not due to the sole intrinsic properties of the individual neural cells but it is mostly consequence of the direct influence of other neurons. The deduction of the effective connectivity between neurons, whose experimental spike trains are observed, is of crucial importance in neuroscience: first for the correct interpretation of the electro-physiological activity of the involved neurons and neural networks, and, for correctly relating the electrophysiological activity to the functional tasks accomplished by the network. In this work we propose a novel method for the identification of connectivity of neural networks using recorded voltages. Our approach is based on the assumption that the network has a topology with sparse connections. After a brief description of our method we will report the performances and compare it to the cross-correlation computed on the spike trains, that represents a gold standard method in the field.
Curvature properties of $4$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with a circulant structure
Creators: name: Dokuzova, Iva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C15, 53B20, 15B05, 22E60

description: We consider a $4$-dimensional Riemannian manifold $M$ equip\-ped with a circulant structure $q$, which is an isometry with respect to the metric $g$ and $q^{4}=\id$, $q^{2}\neq \pm \id$. For such a manifold $(M, g, q)$ we obtain some assertions for the sectional curvatures of $2$-planes. We construct an example of such a manifold on a Lie group and we find some of its geometric characteristics.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1308.4838
Neonatal Fc Receptor Expression in Dendritic Cells Mediates Protective Immunity against Colorectal Cancer
Creators: name: Rath, Timo
name: Blumberg, Richard S.
name: Flak, Magdalena B.
name: Lencer, Wayne I.
name: Chen, Zhangguo
name: Glickman, Jonathan N.
name: Jobin, Christian
name: Stachler, Matthew D.
name: Karamitopoulou, Eva
name: Baker, Kristi
name: Odze, Robert D.
name: Zlobec, Inti
name: Arthur, Janelle C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Cancers arising in mucosal tissues account for a disproportionately large fraction of malignancies. IgG and the neonatal Fc receptor for IgG (FcRn) have an important function in the mucosal immune system which we have now shown extends to the induction of CD8+ T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity. We demonstrate that FcRn within dendritic cells (DC) was critical for homeostatic activation of mucosal CD8+ T cells which drove protection against the development of colorectal cancers and lung metastases. FcRn-mediated tumor protection was driven by DC activation of endogenous tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells via the cross-presentation of IgG complexed antigens (IgG IC) as well as the induction of cytotoxicity-promoting cytokine secretion, particularly interleukin-12 (IL-12), both of which were independently triggered by the FcRn–IgG IC interaction in murine and human DC. FcRn thus has a primary role within mucosal tissues in activating local immune responses that are critical for priming efficient anti-tumor immunosurveillance.
Salmonella Typhimurium Impedes Innate Immunity with a Mast-Cell-Suppressing Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, SptP
Creators: name: Neupane, Subham
name: Brooking-Dixon, Rhea
name: Choi, Hae Woong
name: Staats, Herman F.
name: Lee, Chul-Jin
name: Miao, Edward A.
name: Abraham, Soman N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The virulence of Salmonella is linked to its invasive capacity and suppression of adaptive immunity. This does not explain, however, the rapid dissemination of the pathogen after breaching the gut. Here we showed that early in infection, S. Typhimurium suppressed degranulation of local mast cells (MCs), resulting in limited neutrophil recruitment and restricted outflow of vascular contents into infection sites, thus facilitating bacterial spread. MC suppression was mediated by the Salmonella phosphatase (SptP), which shares structural homology with Yersinia YopH. SptP functioned by dephosphorylating the vesicle fusion protein N-ethylmalemide-sensitive factor (NSF) and by blocking phosphorylation of Syk. Without SptP, orally challenged S. Typhimurium failed to suppress MC degranulation and exhibited limited colonization of the mesenteric lymph nodes. Administration of SptP to sites of Escherichia coli infection markedly enhanced its virulence. Thus, SptP-mediated inactivation of local MCs is a powerful mechanism utilized by S. Typhimurium to impede early innate immunity.
Scaling of nuclear modification factors for hadrons and light nuclei
Creators: name: Zhou, C. S.
name: Ma, Y. G.
name: Zhang, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The number of constituent quarks (NCQ-) scaling of hadrons and the number of constituent nucleons (NCN-) scaling of light nuclei are proposed for nuclear modification factors ($R_{cp}$) of hadrons and light nuclei, respectively, according to the experimental investigations in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Based on coalescence mechanism the scalings are performed for pions and protons in quark level, and light nuclei $d (\bar d)$ and $^3$He for nucleonic level, respectively, formed in Au + Au and Pb + Pb collisions and nice scaling behaviour emerges. NCQ or NCN scaling law of $R_{cp}$ can be respectively taken as a probe for quark or nucleon coalescence mechanism for the formation of hadron or light nuclei in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
title: Anton Bruckner: la musica dell’indicibile
Creators: name: Camparsi , Andrea
Publisher: name: Roma Tre-Press
Year: 2013

description: Il saggio vuole mettere in luce gli elementi positivi della musica di Bruckner, sulla quale pesa ancora oggi il giudizio sfavorevole dei suoi contemporanei. La musica di Bruckner fu spinta ai margini dal classicismo romantico di Brahms, dal nuovo respiro sinfonico mahleriano e dalle critiche di Eduard Hanslick. Ci sono tuttavia almeno due immagini che l'opera bruckneriana suscita e a partire dalle quali è possible rivalutarla sotto il profilo estetico: 1) un'esplosione di grandezza incompresa; 2) la musica dell'incerto che afferma l'assoluta certezza della fede.

description: B@belonline vol. 14/15 Filosofia e pratiche filosofiche
From Extreme Values of I.I.D. Random Fields to Extreme Eigenvalues of Finite-volume Anderson Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Astrauskas, Arvydas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60G70, 60H25, 82B44, 35P05 (Primary), 60F05, 60F15, 60G60, 82C44, 35P15, 15B52, 26A12 (Secondary)

description: The aim of this paper is to study asymptotic geometric properties almost surely or/and in probability of extreme order statistics of an i.i.d. random field (potential) indexed by sites of multidimensional lattice cube, the volume of which unboundedly increases. We discuss the following topics: (I) high level exceedances, in particular, clustering of exceedances; (II) decay rate of spacings in comparison with increasing rate of extreme order statistics; (III) minimum of spacings of successive order statistics; (IV) asymptotic behavior of values neighboring to extremes and so on. The conditions of the results are formulated in terms of regular variation (RV) of the cumulative hazard function and its inverse. A relationship between RV classes of the present paper as well as their links to the well-known RV classes (including domains of attraction of max-stable distributions) are discussed. The asymptotic behavior of functionals (I)--(IV) determines the asymptotic structure of the top eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the large-volume discrete Schr\" odinger operators with an i.i.d. potential (Anderson Hamiltonian). Thus, another aim of the present paper is to review and comment a recent progress on the extreme value theory for eigenvalues of random Schr\" odinger operators as well as to provide a clear and rigorous understanding of the relationship between the top eigenvalues and extreme values of i.i.d. random potentials. We also discuss their links to the long-time intermittent behavior of the parabolic problems associated with the Anderson Hamiltonian via spectral representation of solutions.
description: 81 pages.Substantially revised; includes new Section: Applications to the PAM
NLRC3, a Member of the NLR Family of Proteins, Is a Negative Regulator of Innate Immune Signaling Induced by the DNA Sensor STING
Creators: name: Duncan, Joseph A.
name: Petrucelli, Alex
name: Liu, Zhi-Jie
name: Zhang, Lu
name: Gregory, Sean M.
name: Damania, Blossom
name: Schneider, Monika
name: Jiang, Yan
name: Swanson, Karen V.
name: Wen, Haitao
name: Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
name: Shu, Hong-Bing
name: Zhang, Zhigang
name: Fitzgerald, Katherine A.
name: Ouyang, Songying
name: Mo, Jinyao
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Stimulator of interferon genes (STING, also named MITA, MYPS or ERIS) is an intracellular DNA sensor that induces type I interferon through its interaction with TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Here we found that the nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat containing protein, NLRC3, reduced STING-dependent innate immune activation in response to cytosolic DNA, cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) and DNA viruses. NLRC3 associated with both STING and TBK1, and impeded STING-TBK1 interaction and downstream type I interferon production. Using purified recombinant proteins NLRC3 was found to interact directly with STING. Furthermore, NLRC3 prevented proper trafficking of STING to perinuclear and punctated region, known to be important for its activation. In animals, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-infected Nlrc3−/− mice exhibited enhanced innate immunity, reduced morbidity and viral load. This demonstrates the intersection of two key pathways of innate immune regulation, NLR and STING, to fine tune host response to intracellular DNA, DNA virus and c-di-GMP
Modifying continuous-time random walks to model finite-size particle diffusion in granular porous media
Creators: name: Amitai, Shahar
name: Blumenfeld, Raphael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The continuous-time random walk (CTRW) model is useful for alleviating the computational burden of simulating diffusion in actual media. In principle, isotropic CTRW only requires knowledge of the step-size, $P_l$, and waiting-time, $P_t$, distributions of the random walk in the medium and it then generates presumably equivalent walks in free space, which are much faster. Here we test the usefulness of CTRW to modelling diffusion of finite-size particles in porous medium generated by loose granular packs. This is done by first simulating the diffusion process in a model porous medium of mean coordination number, which corresponds to marginal rigidity (the loosest possible structure), computing the resulting distributions $P_l$ and $P_t$ as functions of the particle size, and then using these as input for a free space CTRW. The CTRW walks are then compared to the ones simulated in the actual media. In particular, we study the normal-to-anomalous transition of the diffusion as a function of increasing particle size. We find that, given the same $P_l$ and $P_t$ for the simulation and the CTRW, the latter predicts incorrectly the size at which the transition occurs. We show that the discrepancy is related to the dependence of the effective connectivity of the porous media on the diffusing particle size, which is not captured simply by these distributions. We propose a correcting modification to the CTRW model -- adding anisotropy -- and show that it yields good agreement with the simulated diffusion process. We also present a method to obtain $P_l$ and $P_t$ directly from the porous sample, without having to simulate an actual diffusion process. This extends the use of CTRW, with all its advantages, to modelling diffusion processes of finite-size particles in such confined geometries.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
title: Species richness estimation for benthic data
Creators: name: Norris, Beth J.
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: This thesis addresses species richness estimation for benthic data by describing the clustering of individuals within a species using a Neyman Type A distribution, and incorporating this into species richness estimates. A review of current species richness estimation methods is included. The maximum-likelihood approach to species richness estimation is extended to incorporate the Neyman Type A model, with a gamma mixing distribution on the mean abundance of individuals within a species. Species richness estimates of this model are compared to those of the simpler negative binomial and Poisson models. The use of a penalised-likelihood is applied to avoid spuriously large estimates of species richness that can be associated with the "boundary problem". The Bayesian approach to species richness is considered, using uninformative and informative priors. Informative priors are elicited using expert opinion obtained from a number of benthic ecologists at the Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science. These are incorporated into species richness estimation in the form of priors, and also converted into penalties for use in the frequentist approach. Several benthic data sets are analysed throughout, along with a Lepidoptera data set, and a data set from a common bird census carried out in the USA. In addition, several simulation studies are undertaken to illustrate the performance of the estimators. The research culminates in the application of species richness estimators to estimate species mortality due to dredging carried out off the Norfolk coast. Several estimators can be considered to gain a picture of the effect of dredging, and I recommend that species richness estimators should reflect the underlying distribution of the data. I also recommend that a precautionary approach should be taken when using these estimators in practical applications.
Symbiotic Bacterial Metabolites Regulate Gastrointestinal Barrier Function via the Xenobiotic Sensor PXR and Toll-like Receptor 4
Creators: name: Fasano, Alessio
name: Mukherjee, Subhajit
name: Wang, Hongwei
name: Qiu, Zhijuan
name: Mani, Sridhar
name: Sun, Katherine
name: Fleet, James C.
name: Khanna, Kamal M.
name: Le Ven, Jessica
name: Nicholson, Jeremy K.
name: Benechet, Alexandre P.
name: Li, Hao
name: Mukherjee, Paromita
name: Phillips, Robert S.
name: Dumas, Marc E.
name: Maher, Leigh
name: Redinbo, Matthew R.
name: Kortagere, Sandhya
name: Venkatesh, Madhukumar
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Intestinal microbial metabolites are conjectured to affect mucosal integrity through an incompletely characterized mechanism. Here we showed microbial-specific indoles regulated intestinal barrier function through the xenobiotic sensor, pregnane X receptor (PXR). Indole 3-propionic acid (IPA), in the context of indole, is as a ligand for PXR in vivo, and IPA down-regulated enterocyte TNF–α while up-regulated junctional protein-coding mRNAs. PXR-deficient (Nr1i2−/−) mice showed a distinctly “leaky” gut physiology coupled with up-regulation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway. These defects in the epithelial barrier were corrected in Nr1i2−/−Tlr4−/− mice. Our results demonstrate that a direct chemical communication between the intestinal symbionts and PXR regulates mucosal integrity through a pathway which involves luminal sensing and signaling by TLR4.
TLR5-Mediated Sensing of Gut Microbiota Is Necessary for Antibody Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination
Creators: name: Sartor, R. Balfour
name: Gewirtz, Andrew T.
name: Nakaya, Helder I.
name: Yarovinsky, Felix
name: Oh, Jason Z.
name: Gill, Kiran P.
name: Pulendran, Bali
name: Chassaing, Benoit
name: Hakimpour, Paul
name: Maddur, Mohan S.
name: Bower, Maureen
name: Carvalho, Frederic A.
name: Ravindran, Rajesh
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Systems biological analysis of immunity to the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in humans revealed a correlation between early expression of TLR5 and the magnitude of the antibody response. Vaccination of Trl5−/− mice resulted in reduced antibody titers and lower frequencies of plasma cells, demonstrating a role for TLR5 in immunity to TIV. This was due to a failure to sense host microbiota. Thus, antibody responses in germ-free or antibiotic-treated mice were impaired, but restored by oral reconstitution with a flagellated, but not aflagellated, strain of E. coli. TLR5-mediated sensing of flagellin promoted plasma cell differentiation, directly, and by stimulating lymph node macrophages to produce plasma cell growth factors. Finally, TLR5-mediated sensing of the microbiota also impacted antibody responses to the inactivated polio vaccine, but not to adjuvanted vaccines or the live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine. These results reveal an unappreciated role for gut microbiota in promoting immunity to vaccination.
Polarizability of ultracold $\textrm{Rb}_2$ molecules in the rovibrational ground state of $\mathrm{a}^3Σ_u^+$
Creators: name: Deiß, Markus
name: Drews, Björn
name: Denschlag, Johannes Hecker
name: Bouloufa-Maafa, Nadia
name: Vexiau, Romain
name: Dulieu, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study, both theoretically and experimentally, the dynamical polarizability $α(ω)$ of $\textrm{Rb}_2$ molecules in the rovibrational ground state of $\mathrm{a}^3Σ_u^+$. Taking all relevant excited molecular bound states into account, we compute the complex-valued polarizability $α(ω)$ for wave numbers up to $20000\:\textrm{cm}^{-1}$. Our calculations are compared to experimental results at $1064.5\:\textrm{nm}$ ($\sim9400\:\textrm{cm}^{-1}$) as well as at $830.4\:\textrm{nm}$ ($\sim12000\:\textrm{cm}^{-1}$). Here, we discuss the measurements at $1064.5\:\textrm{nm}$. The ultracold $\textrm{Rb}_2$ molecules are trapped in the lowest Bloch band of a 3D optical lattice. Their polarizability is determined by lattice modulation spectroscopy which measures the potential depth for a given light intensity. Moreover, we investigate the decay of molecules in the optical lattice, where lifetimes of more than $2\:\textrm{s}$ are observed. In addition, the dynamical polarizability for the $\mathrm{X}^1Σ_g^+$ state is calculated. We provide simple analytical expressions that reproduce the numerical results for $α(ω)$ for all vibrational levels of $\mathrm{a}^3Σ_u^+$ as well as $\mathrm{X}^1Σ_g^+$. Precise knowledge of the molecular polarizability is essential for designing experiments with ultracold molecules as lifetimes and lattice depths are key parameters. Specifically the wavelength at $\sim1064\:\textrm{nm}$ is of interest, since here, ultrastable high power lasers are available.
description: 22 pages, 10 figures