cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measuring Consumers' Awareness of the Major Health Problems Caused by Excessive Sodium Consumption
Creators: name: McLean-Meyinsse, Patricia E.
name: Larks, Nicholas A.
name: McLean-Meyinsse, Patricia E.
name: Larks, Nicholas A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Health Economics and Policy

description: Results from a random sample of 1,300 households in Louisiana suggest that consumers know of the diet-related illnesses stemming from over-consumption of sodium. Levels of awareness are higher among older respondents, college graduates, women, those who live in single-person households, or those who are unmarried. Nutritional educational efforts must continue so that more persons will be able to link diseases with diets and subsequently be able to make better food choices.
title: How Civil Wars End: The Influence of Rebel Groups
Creators: name: Williams, Nicola
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2024

description: Outcomes of civil wars differ greatly across countries, even among states with comparable risks to conflict, such as poverty, ethnic cleavages, political instability, and state weakness. Understanding why some civil conflicts terminate through peace agreements and military victories while others often fail to end decisively requires attention to strategic interactions between rebels and states, including how rebel groups mutate and shape competition to reach different conflict outcomes. Yet, the critical link between rebel groups - their pre-war organisations, foundations, and coercive capacities - with conflict outcomes is under-theorised and lacks empirical attention. To address this gap, my research considers: How do rebel groups influence civil war outcomes? I deploy mixed methods, including quantitative analysis of 346 civil conflict outcomes from 1946-2012 and case studies on four conflicts in South and Southeast Asia - Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka and Myanmar - to examine the relationship between rebel groups and the war outcomes they influence. The large-N and small-N analyses confirm several of my theoretical propositions. Pre-war organisations and backgrounds of rebels - including social and political movements, military breakaways, rebel mergers or rebel splinters, and rebels with ethnic identities - and their coercive capacities developed during war shape a rebel group's chances of victory, defeat, political settlements, or non-decisive outcomes. Conflict outcome models with new rebel factors predict the outcomes of the war with 83.6 percent accuracy. Case studies tracing rebel group formation and capacity changes during conflict delineate how rebel organisations shape conflict bargains to achieve different war outcomes. This study makes two contributions to the literature on war outcomes. First, it brings non-decisive outcomes of conflict into a civil war bargaining framework, demonstrating how choices to not negotiate or fight shape conflict and ways non-decisive outcomes evolve, often via rebel group changes. Second, it builds new theoretical and empirical links between rebel group features, the conflict bargaining process with states, and civil war outcomes. The results of this study have strategic implications for states and rebel groups at war and third parties seeking to shape intrastate conflict outcomes and resolve conflict.
On the interpretation of the spectral--energy correlations in long Gamma--Ray Bursts
Creators: name: Nava, L.
name: Ghisellini, G.
name: Ghirlanda, G.
name: Tavecchio, F.
name: Firmani, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, Liang & Zhang (2005) found a tight correlation involving only observable quantities, namely the isotropic emitted energy $E_{γ,iso}$, the energy of the peak of the prompt spectrum $E^\prime_{p}$, and the jet break time $t^\prime_{j}$. This phenomenological correlation can have a first explanation in the framework of jetted fireballs, whose semiaperture angle $θ_{j}$ is measured by the jet break time $t^\prime_{j}$. By correcting $E_{γ, iso}$ for the angle $θ_{j}$ one obtains the so called Ghirlanda correlation linking the collimation corrected energy $E_γ$ and $E^\prime_{p}$. There are two ways to derive $θ_{j}$ from $t^\prime_{j}$ in the standard scenario, corresponding to an homogeneous or to a wind-like circumburst medium. We show that the Ghirlanda correlation with a wind-like medium is as tight as (if not tighter) than the Ghirlanda correlation found in the case of an homogeneous medium. There are hence two Ghirlanda correlations, both entirely consistent with the phenomenological Liang & Zhang relation. We consider the difference between the observed correlations and the ones one would see in the comoving frame (i.e. moving with the same bulk Lorentz factor of the fireball). Since both $E_{p}$ and $E_γ$ transform in the same way, the wind-like Ghirlanda relation, which is linear, remains linear also in the comoving frame, no matter the distribution of bulk Lorentz factors. Instead, in the homogeneous density case, one is forced to assume the existence of a strict relation between the bulk Lorentz factor and the total energy, which in turn put constraints on the radiation mechanisms of the prompt emission. The wind-like Ghirlanda correlation, being linear, corresponds to different bursts having the same number of photons.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Noise thresholds for optical cluster-state quantum computation
Creators: name: Dawson, Christopher M.
name: Haselgrove, Henry L.
name: Nielsen, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we do a detailed numerical investigation of the fault-tolerant threshold for optical cluster-state quantum computation. Our noise model allows both photon loss and depolarizing noise, as a general proxy for all types of local noise other than photon loss noise. We obtain a threshold region of allowed pairs of values for the two types of noise. Roughly speaking, our results show that scalable optical quantum computing is possible for photon loss probabilities less than 0.003, and for depolarization probabilities less than 0.0001. Our fault-tolerant protocol involves a number of innovations, including a method for syndrome extraction known as telecorrection, whereby repeated syndrome measurements are guaranteed to agree. This paper is an extended version of [Dawson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 020501].
description: 28 pages. Corrections made to Table II
Cooperative Energy Management of HVAC via Transactive Energy
Creators: name: Yang, Qing
name: Wang, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption accounts for a significant part of the total energy consumption of buildings and households. The ubiquitous adoption of distributed renewable energy and smart meters helps to decarbonize the HVAC energy consumption and improve energy efficiency. However, how to scale up HVAC energy management for a group of users while persevering users' privacy remains a big challenge. In this work, we utilize the concept of transactive energy to build a cooperative energy management system for independent HVAC units in a distributed manner. Specifically, we develop a distributed energy trading algorithm that consists of two layers based on the alternating direction method of multipliers method. The distributed energy trading algorithm achieves optimal trading performance and also preserves users' privacy. Furthermore, we evaluate the performance of the distributed trading algorithm by extensive simulations with real-world data. Simulation results show that the energy trading algorithm converges fast and the cooperative energy platform reduces the user's individual cost by up to 50% and lowers the overall cost of all users by 23%.
description: The 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (IEEE ICCA), 2020
The Economics of Agricultural Marketing: A Survey
Creators: name: Breimyer, Harold F.
name: Breimyer, Harold F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1973
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Three distinctive schools present diverse interpretations of agricultural marketing. One of these derives from the economics of the farm business and casts marketing as all that happens to products past the farm. A second centres on marketing's co-ordinative role. A third is in allegiance to market development. Contemporary problems, beginning with those of the 1920 price reductions in the United States and accentuated by the worldwide depression of the 1930's, primarily explain the periods of heightened interest in marketing. In the early 1970's the common thread is institutional change in marketing, which originates in events as diverse as declining importance of assembly markets for price discovery, and the redesign of marketing within trading blocs such as the European Common Market.
Physics-Informed Neural Network for Modelling the Thermochemical Curing Process of Composite-Tool Systems During Manufacture
Creators: name: Niaki, Sina Amini
name: Haghighat, Ehsan
name: Campbell, Trevor
name: Poursartip, Anoush
name: Vaziri, Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.2
subject: 35Q79, 74A40, 68T07, 65M22,

description: We present a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) to simulate the thermochemical evolution of a composite material on a tool undergoing cure in an autoclave. In particular, we solve the governing coupled system of differential equations -- including conductive heat transfer and resin cure kinetics -- by optimizing the parameters of a deep neural network (DNN) using a physics-based loss function. To account for the vastly different behaviour of thermal conduction and resin cure, we design a PINN consisting of two disconnected subnetworks, and develop a sequential training algorithm that mitigates instability present in traditional training methods. Further, we incorporate explicit discontinuities into the DNN at the composite-tool interface and enforce known physical behaviour directly in the loss function to improve the solution near the interface. We train the PINN with a technique that automatically adapts the weights on the loss terms corresponding to PDE, boundary, interface, and initial conditions. Finally, we demonstrate that one can include problem parameters as an input to the model -- resulting in a surrogate that provides real-time simulation for a range of problem settings -- and that one can use transfer learning to significantly reduce the training time for problem settings similar to that of an initial trained model. The performance of the proposed PINN is demonstrated in multiple scenarios with different material thicknesses and thermal boundary conditions.
Fast directional correlation on the sphere with steerable filters
Creators: name: Wiaux, Y.
name: Jacques, L.
name: Vielva, P.
name: Vandergheynst, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A fast algorithm is developed for the directional correlation of scalar band-limited signals and band-limited steerable filters on the sphere. The asymptotic complexity associated to it through simple quadrature is of order O(L^5), where 2L stands for the square-root of the number of sampling points on the sphere, also setting a band limit L for the signals and filters considered. The filter steerability allows to compute the directional correlation uniquely in terms of direct and inverse scalar spherical harmonics transforms, which drive the overall asymptotic complexity. The separation of variables technique for the scalar spherical harmonics transform produces an O(L^3) algorithm independently of the pixelization. On equi-angular pixelizations, a sampling theorem introduced by Driscoll and Healy implies the exactness of the algorithm. The equi-angular and HEALPix implementations are compared in terms of memory requirements, computation times, and numerical stability. The computation times for the scalar transform, and hence for the directional correlation, of maps of several megapixels on the sphere (L~10^3) are reduced from years to tens of seconds in both implementations on a single standard computer. These generic results for the scale-space signal processing on the sphere are specifically developed in the perspective of the wavelet analysis of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature (T) and polarization (E and B) maps of the WMAP and Planck experiments. As an illustration, we consider the computation of the wavelet coefficients of a simulated temperature map of several megapixels with the second Gaussian derivative wavelet.
description: Version accepted in APJ. 14 pages, 2 figures, Revtex4 (emulateapj). Changes include (a) a presentation of the algorithm as directly built on blocks of standard spherical harmonics transforms, (b) a comparison between the HEALPix and equi-angular implementations
Migration Competition in Enlarged European Union: A Theoretical Model
Creators: name: Giannoccolo, Pierpaolo
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2009
Subjects: SECS-P/02 Politica economica

description: In this article, we propose a theoretical model which help us to define two possible settings
where the European “migration competition” could be analysed. First, we analyse the
scenario in which there are two regions: a receiving country and a net sending country. In
this scenario we introduce the possibility for each country to increase, by investing
resources, the level of integration between countries which consequently reduces the level
of migration costs. Thus it is possible to capture the receiving country’s trade off between
investing resources in order to attract foreign high skilled workers or investing on
educational incentives for his citizens. Second, we analyse the scenario in which there are
three regions. Starting from the first scenario’s framework, we could analyse either the
case in which a new country is able to intercept a significant quota of the flow of skilled
migrants, either the effect of migration competition between the two regions in order to
attract the skilled workers of the sending country. In both case analysed, the presence of a
central authority which coordinates the migration and fiscal policies is determinant to
obtain better results.
An Appreciation of Decision Analysis in Management
Creators: name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Hardaker, J. Brian
name: Anderson, Jock R.
name: Hardaker, J. Brian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Decision analysis, the practice of Bernoullian decision theory and Bayesian statistics, is reviewed in relation to its application in management. Aspects of the scaling of beliefs (probabilities) and preferences (utilities) are discussed, focussing on practical problems. It is concluded that the solution of these difficulties may best be sought through more widespread analysis of real-world decisions.
Jentsch, Werner (hrsg.): Evangelischer Erwachsenenkatechismus - Kursbuch des Glaubens
Creators: name: Gang, Dietrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 24 Nr. 4 (1975): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 24, Heft 4
Determining Alternative Locations for Plant Processing Facilities: A Method for Guidance of Policymakers
Creators: name: Ferguson, D.C.
name: McCarthy, W.O.
name: Rodgers, J.L.
name: Ferguson, D.C.
name: McCarthy, W.O.
name: Rodgers, J.L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: A method is outlined which augments and modifies the Logan and King optimum solution of the processing plant location problem to give a number of near optimum solutions. Policy-makers can then consider jointly the comparative costs of alternative locations and their comparative noneconomic benefits. A Western Australian example involving the location of wool assembly and sampling centres is used to illustrate the method.
Additional file 1 of Digital PCR-based genetic profiling from vitreous fluid as liquid biopsy for primary uveal melanoma: a proof-of-concept study
Creators: name: Nell, R. J.
name: Versluis, M.
name: Menger, N. V.
name: Gelmi, M. C.
name: Vu, T. H.K.
name: Verdijk, R. M.
name: Luyten, G. P.M.
name: Jager, M. J.
name: van der Velden, P. A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
Exact Relativistic 'Antigravity' Propulsion
Creators: name: Felber, F. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Schwarzschild solution is used to find the exact relativistic motion of a payload in the gravitational field of a mass moving with constant velocity. At radial approach or recession speeds faster than 3^-1/2 times the speed of light, even a small mass gravitationally repels a payload. At relativistic speeds, a suitable mass can quickly propel a heavy payload from rest nearly to the speed of light with negligible stresses on the payload.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, changed format only, attached 5 AVI files (animated exact solutions of black holes incident on initially stationary payloads)
Nonlinear curvature effects in gravitational waves from inspiralling black hole binaries
Creators: name: Shiralilou, Banafsheh
name: Hinderer, Tanja
name: Nissanke, Samaya
name: Ortiz, Néstor
name: Witek, Helvi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational waves (GWs) from merging black holes allow for unprecedented probes of strong-field gravity. Testing gravity in this regime requires accurate predictions of gravitational waveform templates in viable extensions of General Relativity. We concentrate on scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity, one of the most compelling classes of theories appearing as low-energy limit of quantum gravity paradigms, which introduces quadratic curvature corrections to gravity coupled to a scalar field and allows for black hole solutions with scalar-charge. Focusing on inspiralling black hole binaries, we compute the leading-order corrections due to curvature nonlinearities in the GW and scalar waveforms, showing that the new contributions, beyond merely the effect of scalar field, appear at first post-Newtonian order in GWs. We provide ready-to-implement GW polarizations and phasing. Computing the GW phasing in the Fourier domain, we perform a parameter-space study to quantify the detectability of deviations from General Relativity. Our results lay important foundations for future precision tests of gravity with both parametrized and theory-specific searches.
description: 7 pages, 2 figure, Accepted as Letter in Physical Review D
Pricing of Queensland Sugar Cane: Appraisal of the Present Formula and a Suggestion for Reform
Creators: name: Dixon, Peter B.
name: Johnson, David T.
name: Dixon, Peter B.
name: Johnson, David T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Production and milling of sugar cane in Queensland occur in a highly regulated environment. In particular the price of cane is determined by a formula which has been used virtually unchanged for about 70 years. Under this formula, the returns to millers are tied to the price of sugar, not the costs of milling. It is argued in the paper that this could lead to economically unjustified changes in milling arrangements and wasteful uses of milling resources. Other weaknesses of the present formula are also identified. An alternative formula, overcoming all identified problems, is suggested.
Collective states of interacting Fibonacci anyons
Creators: name: Trebst, Simon
name: Ardonne, Eddy
name: Feiguin, Adrian
name: Huse, David A.
name: Ludwig, Andreas W. W.
name: Troyer, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that chains of interacting Fibonacci anyons can support a wide variety of collective ground states ranging from extended critical, gapless phases to gapped phases with ground-state degeneracy and quasiparticle excitations. In particular, we generalize the Majumdar-Ghosh Hamiltonian to anyonic degrees of freedom by extending recently studied pairwise anyonic interactions to three-anyon exchanges. The energetic competition between two- and three-anyon interactions leads to a rich phase diagram that harbors multiple critical and gapped phases. For the critical phases and their higher symmetry endpoints we numerically establish descriptions in terms of two-dimensional conformal field theories. A topological symmetry protects the critical phases and determines the nature of gapped phases.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Only a burden for females in math? Gender and domain differences in the relation between adolescents’ fixed mindsets and motivation
Creators: name: Heyder, Anke
name: Weidinger, Anne F.
name: Steinmayr, Ricarda
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mindsets
subject: Gender differences
subject: Ability self-concept
subject: Intrinsic motivation
subject: Math
subject: 150
subject: Geschlechtsunterschied
subject: Selbstbild
subject: Intrinsische Motivation

description: Gendered occupational and educational choices have often been traced back to gender differences in students’ domain-specific ability self-concept and intrinsic motivation. This study explored the role of believing in an “innate” math or language arts ability (i.e., having a fixed mindset) for gender differences in students’ ability self-concept and intrinsic motivation in 423 female (49%) and 447 male (51%) tenth graders from Germany (age M = 16.09 years, SD = 0.68, range: 14–18 years). In line with math-male stereotypes, believing in “innate” math ability was associated with lower ability self-concept and intrinsic motivation in female but not male students. In language arts, students’ mindsets were unrelated to their motivation. The results suggest that a fixed mindset presents an additional burden for female students in math, but not for male or female students in language arts.
description: J Youth Adolescence;50(1)
Rare t-quark decays $t \to c l_j^{+} l_k^{-}$, $t \to c \tilde{ν_j} ν_k$ in the minimal four color symmetry model
Creators: name: Popov, P. Yu.
name: Smirnov, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rare t-quark decays $t \to c l_j^{+} l_k^{-}$, $t \to c \tilde{ν_j} ν_k$ via the scalar leptoquark doublets are investigated in the minimal four color symmetry model with the Higgs mechanism of the quark-lepton mass splitting. The partial widths of these decays are calculated and the total width of the charged lepton mode $ Γ(t \to c {l^{+}}' l^{-})= \sum_{j,k} Γ(t \to c l_{j}^{+} l_{k}^{-})$ and the total width of the neutrino mode $ Γ(t \to c \tildeν' ν)= \sum_{j,k} Γ(t \to c \tilde{ν_{j}} ν_{k})$ are found. The corresponding branching ratios are shown to be $ Br(t \to c {l^{+}}' l^{-}) \approx (3.5 - 0.4) 10^{-5}, $ $ Br(t \to c {\tildeν}' ν) \approx (7.1 - 0.8) 10^{-5} $ for the scalar leptoquark masses $ m_{S}= 180 - 250 GeV $ and for the appropriate values $ (\sinβ \approx 0.2) $ of the mixing angle of the model. The search for such decays at LHC may be of interest.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, 1 table, to be published in Modern Physics Letters A; corrected typos
Democracy, the role of schools in a democracy and the role of democracy in schools
Creators: name: Nicolidakis, Maria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is in two parts. First, the relationship between different models of democracy is explored to determine if certain forms are more democratic than other forms. Second, the relationship between the more democratic models and schools is examined. This research draws on literature from Political Science, Political Philosophy and Philosophy of Education. In the first part of the thesis, the Representative, Participatory, Capitalist and Liberal forms of democracy are compared and contrasted. Components of the Representative and Capitalist Democracies were found to exist quite prominently in today's society. Unfortunately, these two forms are not found to be the more democratic forms. The Participatory and Liberal Democracies are, respectively, close cousins to the Representative and Capitalist Democracies and are found to be more democratic. The Participatory and Liberal Democracies can be realised more fully if autonomy in the private sphere and participation in the public sphere are fostered. Schools can play an important part in promoting autonomy and participation for a democracy. The roles of schools in a society, which Dewey explored, all allow for autonomy and participation. There needs to be a Political Education to foster participation and a Social Education to foster autonomy. Autonomy and participation can be realised by teaching critical thinking and competent dialogue in schools. Any such education, to be justified, must not infringe on parents' rights. To promote critical thinking and competent dialogue, structures in the school need to be democratic. The structures which need to be democratised include authority and how teachers teach the hidden and prescribed curricula. Authority needs to be more democratic by including the input of parents, teachers, the state, and students in their final years of secondary school. Teachers are an important link to teaching the prescribed and hidden curricula. They need to understand the importance of competent dialogue and critical thinking whenever they teach students. This understanding needs to be stressed in teacher-training programs.
title: Dieter Rasch, Rob Verdooren and Jürgen Pilz: Applied statistics: theory and problem solutions with R
title: John Wiley & Sons, 2020, 472 pp., $100.00 (Hardcover), ISBN: 978-1-119-55152-2
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Krämer, Walter
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Dortmund
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 310

description: Stat Papers;61(2)
Divergent evolution paths of different genetic families in the Penna model
Creators: name: Sitarz, Mikolaj
name: Maksymowicz, Andrzej Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We present some results of simulations of population growth and evolution, using the standard asexual Penna model, with individuals characterized by a string of bits representing a genome containing some possible mutations. After about 20000 simulation steps, when only a few genetic families are still present from among rich variety of families at the beginning of the simulation game, strong peaks in mutation distribution functions are observed. This known effect is due to evolution rules with hereditary mechanism. The birth and death balance in the simulation game also leads to elimination of families specified by different genomes. Number of families $G(t)$ versus time $t$ follow the power law, $G \propto t^n$. Our results show the power coefficient exponent $n$ is changing as the time goes. Starting from about --1, smoothly achieves about --2 after hundreds of steps, and finally has semi-smooth transition to 0, when only one family exists in the environment. This is in contrast with constant $n$ about --1 as found, for example, in \cite{bib:evolution}. We suspect that this discrepancy may be due to two different time scales in simulations - initial stages follow the $n\approx-1$ law, yet for large number of simulation steps we get $n\approx-2$, providing random initial population was sufficiently big to allow for still reliable statistical analysis. The $n\approx-1$ evolution stage seems to be associated with the Verhulst mechanism of population elimination due to the limited environmental capacity - when the standard evolution rules were modified, we observed a plateau ($n=0$) in the power law in short time scale, again followed by $n\approx -2$ law for longer times. The modified model uses birth rate controlled by the current population instead of the standard Verhulst death factor.
Detecting the relativistic bispectrum in 21cm intensity maps
Creators: name: Jolicoeur, Sheean
name: Maartens, Roy
name: De Weerd, Eline M.
name: Umeh, Obinna
name: Clarkson, Chris
name: Camera, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the detectability of leading-order relativistic effects in the bispectrum of future 21cm intensity mapping surveys. The relativistic signal arises from Doppler and other line-of-sight effects in redshift space. In the power spectrum of a single tracer, these effects are suppressed by a factor $\cH^2/k^2$. By contrast, in the bispectrum the relativistic signal couples to short-scale modes, leading to an imaginary contribution that scales as $\cH/k$, thus increasing the possibility of detection. Previous work has shown that this relativistic signal is detectable in a Stage IV H$α$ galaxy survey. {We show that the signal is also detectable by next-generation 21cm intensity maps, but typically with a lower signal-to-noise, due to foreground and telescope beam effects.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, Version accepted by JCAP
A Modified Class I Surface Mixture
Creators: name: Florence, Robert L.
Publisher: name: Kentucky Transportation Center, University of Kentucky
Year: 1962
Subjects: subject: Transportation Engineering

description: Since the summer of 1954, it has been the practice of the Department to require only natural. sand or slag as the fine aggregate in high-type (Class I, Type B) bituminous surface mixtures. This, of course, was done in order to build skid resistance into the mixture, i.e. by use of polish-resistant fine aggregate. At first, this was specified by means of plan notes; and, during 1957, an Amendment was made to the Standard Specifications. While this has apparently reduced the slickness problem it has created problems relating to the durability and, at times, the stability of the surface course.
The Importance of Agriculture: what hope for agriculture, and what needs doing?
Creators: name: Lloyd, Alan G.
name: Lloyd, Alan G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: Farm Management

description: In recent years both incomes and morale have slumped in Australian agriculture. This has happened before, and today's pessimism is just as excessive as previously. There are exaggerated fears that agriculture has no future. Equally, there are some exaggerated hopes, as to the extent to which we can rapidly and effectively restructure the economy away from agriculture, and restructure agriculture away from the "broadacre industries". The key words, with regard to the latter objective, are value added, high-tech (sunrise) and infant industries, and better marketing. By contrast, the conclusion suggested in this paper is that traditional broadacre agriculture will remain, for decades, vitally important in reducing the balance of payments deficit which is our major economic problem. Before considering these issues we should be clear about the nature of the farm problem, and this requires us to view it in an historical setting.
A PRACTICAL METHODOLOGICAL SYSTEM FOR DEVELOPING IDEOLOGICAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE EDUCATORS
Creators: name: Karimov, Oybek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The theoretical-methodological foundations of developing ideological competence of future pedagogues, the practical methodical system of developing ideological competence of future pedagogues and the effectiveness of developing ideological competence of future pedagogues are studied in the article. Also, The need and priorities for developing ideological competence of future pedagogues are analyzed.
Two-dimensional solitons in the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with spatially modulated nonlinearity
Creators: name: Sakaguchi, Hidetsugu
name: Malomed, Boris A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a dynamical model of a Bose-Einstein condensate based on the 2D Gross-Pitaevskii equation, in which the nonlinear coefficient is a function of radius. The model describes a situation with spatial modulation of the negative atomic scattering length, via the Feshbach resonance controlled by a properly shaped magnetic of optical field. We focus on the configuration with the nonlinear coefficient different from zero in a circle or annulus, including the case of a narrow ring. Two-dimensional axisymmetric solitons are found in a numerical form, and also by means of a variational approximation; for an infinitely narrow ring, the soliton is found in an exact form (in the latter case, exact solitons are also found in a two-component model). A stability region for the solitons is identified by means of numerical and analytical methods. In particular, if the nonlinearity is supported on the annulus, the upper stability border is determined by azimuthal perturbations; the stability region disappears if the ratio of the inner and outer radii of the annulus exceeds a critical value 0.47. The model gives rise to bistability, as the stationary solitons coexist with stable axisymmetric breathers, whose stability region extends to higher values of the norm than that of the static solitons. The collapse threshold strongly increases with the radius of the inner hole of the annulus. Vortex solitons are found too, but they are unstable.
description: 11 pages, 9 figures
Concepts of Renormalization in Physics
Creators: name: Alexandre, Jean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non technical introduction to the concept of renormalization is given, with an emphasis on the energy scale dependence in the description of a physical system. We first describe the idea of scale dependence in the study of a ferromagnetic phase transition, and then show how similar ideas appear in Particle Physics. This short review is written for non-particle physicists and/or students aiming at studying Particle Physics.
description: 13 pages, qualitative introduction
ORBBuf: A Robust Buffering Method for Remote Visual SLAM
Creators: name: Wang, Yu-Ping
name: Zou, Zi-Xin
name: Wang, Cong
name: Dong, Yue-Jiang
name: Qiao, Lei
name: Manocha, Dinesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The data loss caused by unreliable network seriously impacts the results of remote visual SLAM systems. From our experiment, a loss of less than 1 second of data can cause a visual SLAM algorithm to lose tracking. We present a novel buffering method, ORBBuf, to reduce the impact of data loss on remote visual SLAM systems. We model the buffering problem as an optimization problem by introducing a similarity metric between frames. To solve the buffering problem, we present an efficient greedy-like algorithm to discard the frames that have the least impact on the quality of SLAM results. We implement our ORBBuf method on ROS, a widely used middleware framework. Through an extensive evaluation on real-world scenarios and tens of gigabytes of datasets, we demonstrate that our ORBBuf method can be applied to different state-estimation algorithms (DSO and VINS-Fusion), different sensor data (both monocular images and stereo images), different scenes (both indoor and outdoor), and different network environments (both WiFi networks and 4G networks). Our experimental results indicate that the network losses indeed affect the SLAM results, and our ORBBuf method can reduce the RMSE up to 50 times comparing with the Drop-Oldest and Random buffering methods.
The Y(2175) State in the QCD Sum Rule
Creators: name: Chen, Hua-Xing
name: Liu, Xiang
name: Hosaka, Atsushi
name: Zhu, Shi-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the mass of the state Y(2175) of J^{PC} = 1^{--} in the QCD sum rule. We construct both the diquark-antidiquark currents (ss)(s_bar s_bar) and the meson-meson currents (s_bar s)(s_bar s). We find that there are two independent currents for both cases, and derive the relations between them. The OPE convergence of these two currents is sufficiently fast, which enables us to perform good sum rule analysis. Both the SVZ sum rule and the finite energy sum rule lead to a mass around 2.3+-0.4 GeV, which is consistent with the observed mass within the uncertainties of the present QCD sum rule. The coupling of the four-quark currents to lower lying states such as ϕ(1020) turns out to be rather small. We also discuss possible decay properties of Y(2175) if it is a tetraquark state.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, revised version to appear in Phys. Rev. D
Climate Policy Design under Uncertainty
Creators: name: Pizer, William A.
name: Pizer, William A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: carbon
subject: climate
subject: policy
subject: intensity
subject: global warming
subject: uncertainty
subject: price
subject: quantity

description: The uncertainty surrounding both costs and benefits associated with global climate change mitigation creates enormous hurdles for scientists, stakeholders, and decision-makers. A key issue is how policy choices balance uncertainty about costs and benefits. This balance arises in terms of the time path of mitigation efforts as well as whether those efforts, by design, focus on effort or outcome. This paper considers two choices-price versus quantity controls and absolute versus relative/intensity emissions limits-demonstrating that price controls and intensity emissions limits favor certainty about cost over climate benefits and future emissions reductions. The paper then argues that in the near term, this favoritism is desired.
Productivity Trends in the Natural Resource Industries
Creators: name: Parry, Ian W.H.
name: Parry, Ian W.H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: productivity
subject: natural resources
subject: technological innovation
subject: depletion effect

description: This paper examines multi-factor productivity trends in the U.S. petroleum, coal, copper and logging industries since 1970. Measures of multi-factor productivity growth are negative for all four industries during the 1970's. At the time this led to fears that stocks of natural resources were being exhausted, and this might hinder future economic growth. However in retrospect the 1970's look like an exceptional period, rather than marking a change in long run productivity trends. The decline in measured multi-factor productivity in that decade appear to be explained by a number of special factors that generally have a transitory rather than a permanent effect on productivity growth. For example, the rise in natural resource prices encouraged the entry of relatively inefficient producers. New environmental and health & safety regulations were phased in during the period that also reduce measured multi-factor productivity. Over the last 15 years however, productivity measures have improved significantly in all the industries. For example, we estimate that the level of productivity in 1992 was around 75% higher in the petroleum industry than at the trough of the productivity slowdown, and around 60% higher in coal and copper. To some extent these improvements represent restructuring and consolidation in response to falling output prices. However, technological developments have also played an important role in all four industries.
Reducing reflections from mesh refinement interfaces in numerical relativity
Creators: name: Baker, John G.
name: van Meter, James R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Full interpretation of data from gravitational wave observations will require accurate numerical simulations of source systems, particularly binary black hole mergers. A leading approach to improving accuracy in numerical relativity simulations of black hole systems is through fixed or adaptive mesh refinement techniques. We describe a manifestation of numerical interface truncation error which appears as slowly converging, artificial reflections from refinement boundaries in a broad class of mesh refinement implementations, potentially compromising the effectiveness of mesh refinement techniques for some numerical relativity applications if left untreated. We elucidate this numerical effect by presenting a model problem which exhibits the phenomenon, but which is simple enough that its numerical error can be understood analytically. Our analysis shows that the effect is caused by variations in finite differencing error generated across low and high resolution regions, and that its slow convergence is caused by the presence of dramatic speed differences among propagation modes typical of 3+1 relativity. Lastly, we resolve the problem, presenting a class of finite differencing stencil modifications, termed mesh-adapted differencing (MAD), which eliminate this pathology in both our model problem and in numerical relativity examples.
description: 7 pages
What Are Ecosystem Services? The Need for Standardized Environmental Accounting Units
Creators: name: Boyd, James
name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
name: Boyd, James
name: Banzhaf, H. Spencer
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: environmental accounting
subject: ecosystem services
subject: index theory
subject: nonmarket valuation

description: This paper advocates consistently defined units of account to measure the contributions of nature to human welfare. We argue that such units have to date not been defined by environmental accounting advocates and that the term "ecosystem services" is too ad hoc to be of practical use in welfare accounting. We propose a definition, rooted in economic principles, of ecosystem service units. A goal of these units is comparability with the definition of conventional goods and services found in GDP and the other national accounts. We illustrate our definition of ecological units of account with concrete examples. We also argue that these same units of account provide an architecture for environmental performance measurement by governments, conservancies, and environmental markets.
Combining Semantic Guidance and Deep Reinforcement Learning For Generating Human Level Paintings
Creators: name: Singh, Jaskirat
name: Zheng, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generation of stroke-based non-photorealistic imagery, is an important problem in the computer vision community. As an endeavor in this direction, substantial recent research efforts have been focused on teaching machines "how to paint", in a manner similar to a human painter. However, the applicability of previous methods has been limited to datasets with little variation in position, scale and saliency of the foreground object. As a consequence, we find that these methods struggle to cover the granularity and diversity possessed by real world images. To this end, we propose a Semantic Guidance pipeline with 1) a bi-level painting procedure for learning the distinction between foreground and background brush strokes at training time. 2) We also introduce invariance to the position and scale of the foreground object through a neural alignment model, which combines object localization and spatial transformer networks in an end to end manner, to zoom into a particular semantic instance. 3) The distinguishing features of the in-focus object are then amplified by maximizing a novel guided backpropagation based focus reward. The proposed agent does not require any supervision on human stroke-data and successfully handles variations in foreground object attributes, thus, producing much higher quality canvases for the CUB-200 Birds and Stanford Cars-196 datasets. Finally, we demonstrate the further efficacy of our method on complex datasets with multiple foreground object instances by evaluating an extension of our method on the challenging Virtual-KITTI dataset. Source code and models are available at https://github.com/1jsingh/semantic-guidance.
Is cosmology compatible with sterile neutrinos?
Creators: name: Dodelson, Scott
name: Melchiorri, Alessandro
name: Slosar, Anze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By combining data from cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments (including the recent WMAP third year results), large scale structure (LSS) and Lyman-alpha forest observations, we constrain the hypothesis of a fourth, sterile, massive neutrino. For the 3 massless + 1 massive neutrino case we bound the mass of the sterile neutrino to m_s<0.26eV (0.44eV) at 95% (99.9%) c.l.. These results exclude at high significance the sterile neutrino hypothesis as an explanation of the LSND anomaly. We then generalize the analysis to account for active neutrino masses (which tightens the limit to m_s<0.23eV 0.42eV) and the possibility that the sterile abundance is not thermal. In the latter case, the contraints in the (mass, density) plane are non-trivial. For a mass of >1eV or <0.05eV the cosmological energy density in sterile neutrinos is always constrained to be omega_nu <0.003 at 95 c.l.. However, for a sterile neutrino mass of ~0.25eV, omega_nu can be as large as 0.01.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures; v2: update datasets to WMAP3, new Lyman Alpha, Baryonic oscillations; confidence limits tightened by a factor ~2, results unchanged; v3 minor changes, version accepted by PRL