cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Properties of Nonequilibrium Steady States: a Path Integral Approach
Creators: name: Cohen, E. G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of properties of systems in a nonequilibrium steady state (NESS) are investigated by a generalization of the Onsager-Machlup (OM) path integral approach for systems in an equilibrium state (ES). A thermodynamics formally identical to that in an ES can be formulated, but with definitions of work and heat as those needed to maintain the NESS. In this approach, the heat plays a crucial role and is directly related to the different behavior of a system?s forward and backward paths in time in an appropriate function space. However, an ambiguity in the choice of the time- backward path corresponding to a given time-forward path prevents a unique general formal theory for systems in a NESS. Unique unambiguous physically acceptable physical results for a system in a NESS appear to be obtainable only after specifying the physical nonequilibrium parameters, which define a system in a NESS as part of a larger system. NESS systems are therefore fundamentally different from those in an ES. Furthermore, an example is given for a particular system that the fluctuations of a system in a NESS behave in many respects very differently from those in a system in an ES.
description: 31 pages, 4 figures. Three changes made to this version; 1) On the line below equation 18 subscript w has been removed from italic L 2) In section 9. Comments and Open Questions, the last sentence of the last paragraph of comment 6 has been replaced by: "Although...average". 3) In the Acknowledgements, an additional acknowledgement has been made to J. Alonzo
Giovanna Romei, Teoria testo e scena. Studi sullo spettacolo in Italia dal Rinascimento a Pirandello. A cura di Giorgio Patrizi e Luisa Tinti. Roma. Bulzoni. 2001. pp.325. ISBN -88-8319-666-X
Creators: name: Seragnoli, Daniele
Publisher: name: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara
Year: 2012

description: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara, I 2 (2006)
Phase resolved spectroscopy of the Vela pulsar with XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Manzali, A.
name: De Luca, A.
name: Caraveo, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ~10^4 y old Vela Pulsar represents the bridge between the young Crab-like and the middle-aged rotation powered pulsars. Its multiwavelength behaviour is due to the superposition of different spectral components. We take advantage of the unprecedented harvest of photons collected by XMM-Newton to assess the Vela Pulsar spectral shape and to study the pulsar spectrum as a function of its rotational phase. As for the middle-aged pulsars Geminga, PSR B0656+14 and PSR B1055-52 (the "Three Musketeers"), the phase-integrated spectrum of Vela is well described by a three-component model, consisting of two blackbodies (T_bb1=(1.06+/-0.03)x10^6 K, R_bb1=5.1+/-0.3 km, T_bb2=(2.16+/-0.06)x10^6 K, R_bb2=0.73+/-0.08 km) plus a power-law (gamma=2.2+/-0.3). The relative contributions of the three components are seen to vary as a function of the pulsar rotational phase. The two blackbodies have a shallow 7-9% modulation. The cooler blackbody, possibly related to the bulk of the neutron star surface, has a complex modulation, with two peaks per period, separated by ~0.35 in phase, the radio pulse occurring exactly in between. The hotter blackbody, possibly originating from a hot polar region, has a nearly sinusoidal modulation, with a single, broad maximum aligned with the second peak of the cooler blackbody, trailing the radio pulse by ~0.15 in phase. The non thermal component, magnetospheric in origin, is present only during 20% of the pulsar phase and appears to be opposite to the radio pulse. XMM-Newton phase-resolved spectroscopy unveils the link between the thermally emitting surface of the neutron star and its charge-filled magnetosphere, probing emission geometry as a function of the pulsar rotation. This is a fundamental piece of information for future 3-dimensional modeling of the pulsar magnetosphere.
description: 27 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
La fenice nella letteratura latina
Creators: name: Strati, Roberta
Publisher: name: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara
Year: 2012

description: The presence of the myth of the Phoenix in Latin pagan literature (up to  the 2nd century AD) is examined, with a focus on literary aspects,  along with the relationship entertained by Claudian with this tradition.
description: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara, II 1 (2007)
Il tribunale degli animali. Favole 'giuridiche' da Fedro al Medioevo latino
Creators: name: Pandolfi, Claudia
Publisher: name: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara
Year: 2012

description: The article deals with the medieval reception of medieval Phaedrus corpus fables characterized by legal principles. The essay intends to show how  jurisprudential words and many concepts of law have been transferred  and modified or, sometimes, misunderstood and even cancelled, crossing  from old version into various late medieval Phaedrus corpus made  anew. Moreover the tales and morals inside included and in the same way  the symbology of animals acting as leading actors are regarded narrowly  to know any changes occurred. Finally a deep and careful analysis, with  philological annotations, is reserved to re-written exemplars of fables I  10 (Lupus et vulpis iudice simio), III 15 (Canis et agnum), V 3 (Calvus et musca).
description: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara, II 1 (2007)
Reaction front development from ignition spots in n-heptane/air mixtures: low-temperature chemistry effects induced by ultrafine water droplet evaporation
Creators: name: Yu, Zhou
name: Zhang, Huangwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effects of low-temperature chemistry induced by ultrafine water droplet evaporation on reaction front development from an ignition spot with temperature gradient are studied in this work. The Eulerian-Eulerian method is used to simulate the gas-liquid two-phase reactive flows and the physical model is one-dimensional spherical reactor with stoichiometric gaseous n-heptane/air mixture and ultrafine monodisperse water droplets (initial diameter 5 micrometres). Homogeneous ignitions of two-phase mixtures are first simulated. The water droplets can complete evaporation in the reactor prior to ignition, and hence pronouncedly reduce gas temperature, which may induce the low-chemistry reactions. It is found that the turnover temperature for negative temperature coefficient range increases with droplet volume fraction. Three-stage ignitions are present when the volume fraction is beyond a critical value, i.e., low-temperature, intermediate-temperature, and high-temperature ignitions. The chemical explosive mode analysis also confirms the low-chemistry reactions induced by the evaporation of ultrafine water droplets. Then reaction front development from an ignition spot with temperature gradient in two-phase mixtures is analysed based on one-dimensional simulations. Different modes for reaction front origin in the spot are identified, based on the initial gas temperature and lower turnover temperature. Specifically, the reaction front can be initiated at the left and right ends of the ignition spot, and inside it. Detailed reaction front developments corresponding to the above three modes are discussed. Besides, the pressure wave from high-temperature ignition is important, compared to those from low- and intermediate-chemistries.
Harvesting graphics power for MD simulations
Creators: name: van Meel, J. A.
name: Arnold, A.
name: Frenkel, D.
name: Zwart, S. F. Portegies
name: Belleman, R. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss an implementation of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a graphic processing unit (GPU) in the NVIDIA CUDA language. We tested our code on a modern GPU, the NVIDIA GeForce 8800 GTX. Results for two MD algorithms suitable for short-ranged and long-ranged interactions, and a congruential shift random number generator are presented. The performance of the GPU's is compared to their main processor counterpart. We achieve speedups of up to 80, 40 and 150 fold, respectively. With newest generation of GPU's one can run standard MD simulations at 10^7 flops/$.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures. Submitted to Mol. Sim
Prospettive per uno studio storico sulla corruzione tra politica ed economia nella cultura mediterranea. Il caso italiano e il caso spagnolo nel seennio 2014-2020
Creators: name: Saccoccia, Matteo
name: Olivieri, Chiara
Publisher: name: Argomenti
Year: 2019
Subjects: economia e corruzione, politica e corruzione, corruzione in Italia, corruzione in Spagna, storia della corruzione.

description: Starting from an organization of the major scientific studies developed in the field of corruption and a series of considerations on the major historical events of Italian and Spanish corruption, the article aims to investigate the social dynamics through which the political and economic systems interact with the phenomenon of corruption, both in Italy and in Spain. The possibility of conducting a comparative analysis of the phenomenon had as a premise the belonging of these two countries to the same cultural model, defined as mediterranean. The political and the economy systems, always considered the majors responsables for the onset of the phenomenon of corruption, have been observed in a comparative way between the two countries. Ultimate objective is to propose a reflection on the weaknesses that the current European geopolitical system, and in particular the mediterranean system, have in the management of the phenomenon and in the consequent possibility of aligning with the 2014-2020 europeans development programs.
description: Argomenti, N. 12 (2019)
Tail asymptotics for a random sign Lindley recursion
Creators: name: Vlasiou, Maria
name: Palmowski, Zbigniew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F10

description: We investigate the tail behaviour of the steady state distribution of a stochastic recursion that generalises Lindley's recursion. This recursion arises in queuing systems with dependent interarrival and service times, and includes alternating service systems and carousel storage systems as special cases. We obtain precise tail asymptotics in three qualitatively different cases, and compare these with existing results for Lindley's recursion and for alternating service systems.
description: 12 pages, 22 references
OpenCDA:An Open Cooperative Driving Automation Framework Integrated with Co-Simulation
Creators: name: Xu, Runsheng
name: Guo, Yi
name: Han, Xu
name: Xia, Xin
name: Xiang, Hao
name: Ma, Jiaqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Although Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) has attracted considerable attention in recent years, there remain numerous open challenges in this field. The gap between existing simulation platforms that mainly concentrate on single-vehicle intelligence and CDA development is one of the critical barriers, as it inhibits researchers from validating and comparing different CDA algorithms conveniently. To this end, we propose OpenCDA, a generalized framework and tool for developing and testing CDA systems. Specifically, OpenCDA is composed of three major components: a co-simulation platform with simulators of different purposes and resolutions, a full-stack cooperative driving system, and a scenario manager. Through the interactions of these three components, our framework offers a straightforward way for researchers to test different CDA algorithms at both levels of traffic and individual autonomy. More importantly, OpenCDA is highly modularized and installed with benchmark algorithms and test cases. Users can conveniently replace any default module with customized algorithms and use other default modules of the CDA platform to perform evaluations of the effectiveness of new functionalities in enhancing the overall CDA performance. An example of platooning implementation is used to illustrate the framework's capability for CDA research. The codes of OpenCDA are available in the https://github.com/ucla-mobility/OpenCDA.
description: Accepted by ITSC2021
Crowded-Field Astrometry with SIM PlanetQuest. II. An Improved Instrument Model
Creators: name: Sridharan, R.
name: Allen, Ronald J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a previous paper we described a method of estimating the single-measurement bias to be expected in astrometric observations of targets in crowded fields with the future Space Interferometry Mission (SIM). That study was based on a simplified model of the instrument and the measurement process involving a single-pixel focal plane detector, an idealized spectrometer, and continuous sampling of the fringes during the delay scanning. In this paper we elaborate on this ``instrument model'' to include the following additional complications: spectral dispersion of the light with a thin prism, which turns the instrument camera into an objective prism spectrograph; a multiple-pixel detector in the camera focal plane; and, binning of the fringe signal during scanning of the delay. The results obtained with this improved model differ in small but systematic ways from those obtained with the earlier simplified model. We conclude that it is the pixellation of the dispersed fringes on the focal plane detector which is responsible for the differences. The improved instrument model described here suggests additional ways of reducing certain kinds of confusion, and provides a better basis for the evaluation of instrumental effects in the future.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in PASP July 2008
Quanto è naturale la fonologia? Osservazioni sulla teoria dell'Ottimalità
Creators: name: Passino, Diana
Publisher: name: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara
Year: 2012

description: This paper tackles the subject of naturalness in phonology by means of a  discussion about Optimality Theory (OT), a theory that, for reasons  that are extensively illustrated, is considered a "natural theory of  phonology". After introducing the theoretical tools and functioning of  OT and illustrating the possible reasons of its appeal on scholars, the  discussion unfolds as to reveal that a theory of phonology cannot afford  to be "natural" if it aims at attaining explanatory adequacy.  Paradoxically OT, a theory that lays its foundations on "naturalness",  is a good model of artificial intelligence but not of human cognition.  In addition, because it aims at describing in a simple way what is  natural, namely what is crosslinguistically common, it lacks the means  to categorically exclude what is never attested in languages. In other  words it is a "natural" theory that cannot derive on principled grounds  what is believed to be unnatural and impossible in languages.
description: Annali Online  Lettere - Ferrara, IV 1 (2009)
Post-Brexit power of European Union from the world trade network analysis
Creators: name: Loye, Justin
name: Jaffrès-Runser, Katia
name: Shepelyansky, Dima
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the Google matrix analysis of the multiproduct world trade network obtained from the UN COMTRADE database in recent years. The comparison is done between this new approach and the usual Import-Export description of this world trade network. The Google matrix analysis takes into account the multiplicity of trade transactions thus highlighting in a better way the world influence of specific countries and products. It shows that after Brexit, the European Union of 27 countries has the leading position in the world trade network ranking, being ahead of USA and China. Our approach determines also a sensitivity of trade country balance to specific products showing the dominant role of machinery and mineral fuels in multiproduct exchanges. It also underlines the growing influence of Asian countries.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures + Supplementary Material
Dutch Elm Disease and Its Control
Creators: name: Schreiber, Lawrence R.
name: Peacock, John W.
name: Schreiber, Lawrence R.
name: Peacock, John W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1979
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Excerpt from the report: Dutch elm disease was discovered in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1930 and around the port of New York in 1933. The causal fungus, Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) C. Moreau, was introduced on elm-veneer logs imported from Europe. Soon the disease appeared along railroad rights-of-way and at ports of entry. Since then, it has spread and is reported in 42 States. The disease has caused extremely heavy losses of elms, Ulmus, both wild and those planted as shade trees. It is the most destructive shade-tree disease in North America. The fungus attacks all species of elms, but some are more susceptible than others. Trees in the related genera Zelkova and Planera have become diseased when artificially inoculated with the fungus.
Comprendere i disastri.  Linee teoriche e applicazioni metodologiche della socio-antropologia nei terremoti de L’Aquila e dell’Emilia
Creators: name: Castorina, Rosanna
Publisher: name: Argomenti
Year: 2019
Subjects: Terremoto; sociologia dei disastri; antropologia dei disastri; terremoto Aquila; terremoto Emilia

description: Col seguente contributo si propone una riflessione sull’approccio socio-culturale allo studio dei disastri partendo da due casi, i quali, come verrà dimostrato, pur nella loro peculiarità presentano similitudini incontrovertibili. Si tratta dell’analisi di due eventi sismici che hanno gravemente colpito il territorio italiano. Il primo ha interessato l’Abruzzo e la città de L’Aquila il 6 aprile 2009; il secondo ha coinvolto la porzione nord-orientale della pianura padano-emiliana con una serie di scosse tra il 20 e il 29 maggio 2012.  Presentando i risultati delle due ricerche – la prima condotta dalla primavera all’autunno del 2014, la seconda tra ottobre 2012 e novembre 2014 - l’obiettivo è di operare un’approfondita analisi comparativa delle varie fasi della gestione dell’emergenza post-sismica e della successiva ricostruzione. Verranno considerate le strategie messe in campo dagli attori collettivi (movimenti, associazioni, comitati) per riappropriarsi degli spazi perduti, ricostruendo dal basso le reti di solidarietà. Si descriveranno i fattori di vulnerabilità che hanno contribuito a circoscrivere temporalmente e a rendere residuali gran parte di queste iniziative.

Le due esperienze etnografiche si inquadrano all’interno del quadro teorico socio-antropologico sui disastri, con il fondamentale apporto della Sociologia e dell’Antropologia nella comprensione delle dinamiche di costruzione del senso, dei rapporti di potere-sapere, dell’organizzazione istituzionale, dei modelli di gestione dell’emergenza, degli strumenti messi in campo per “governare” il mutamento determinato dall’impatto di un agente distruttivo (terremoto) sulle comunità umane. Tramite, dunque, un doppio dialogo - tra le due ricerche e tra le due discipline - si dimostreranno due principi fondamentali: il primo attiene all’urgenza di continuare a operare ricerche in una tensione comparativa su questa tipologia di eventi, soprattutto in Italia; il secondo riguarda l’importanza di farlo in una prospettiva che metta in collaborazione disciplinare diverse. Anche l’intento appare duplice: da un lato quello di individuare concetti, principi, azioni e comportamenti simili che possano poi contribuire alla costruzione di un sapere riguardo a come dare senso all’esperienza disastrosa, a come porvi rimedio in maniera efficace per chi l’ha vissuta; dall’altra una tale prospettiva può stimolare elaborazioni teoriche alternative rispetto a quelle tradizionali e in tal senso innovative, in grado di collocare il disastro all’interno di un contesto molto più ampio, che comprenda le politiche pubbliche, le diverse percezioni dell’evento e l’evoluzione della storia che esso inevitabilmente determina.
description: Argomenti, N. 12 (2019)
The interpretation of the Einstein-Rupp experiments and their influence on the history of quantum mechanics
Creators: name: van Dongen, Jeroen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Einstein-Rupp experiments were proposed in 1926 by Albert Einstein to study the wave versus particle nature of light. Einstein presented a theoretical analysis of these experiments to the Berlin Academy together with results of Emil Rupp, who claimed to have successfully carried them out. However, as the preceding paper has claimed (HSPS 37 Suppl. (2007), 73-121), Rupp's success was the result of scientific fraud. This paper will argue, after exploring their interpretation, that the experiments were a relevant part of the background to such celebrated contributions to quantum mechanics as Born's statistical interpretation of the wave function and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Yet, the Einstein-Rupp experiments have hardly received attention in the history of quantum mechanics literature. In part, this is a consequence of self-censorship in the physics community, enforced in the wake of the Rupp affair. Self-censorship among historians of physics may however also have played a role.
title: Rheologische Charakterisierung von Frischbeton
title: Entwicklung eines adaptiven Rheometers und Untersuchung wandgleitunterdrückender Messgeometrien
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Josch, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Universität Paderborn
Year: 2023

description: Auch wenn Beton bereits seit einigen Jahrtausenden verwendet wird, sind seine absoluten rheologischen Eigenschaften bis heute nur wenig erforscht. Dies hängt insbesondere damit zusammen, dass kommerzielle Rheometer aufgrund ihrer Messspaltgröße nicht für Beton geeignet sind. Da die Kenntnis der Betonrheologie für die Bewältigung zukünftiger Herausforderungen jedoch notwendig ist, lag der Hauptfokus dieser Arbeit auf der Entwicklung eines adaptiven koaxialen Betonrheometers, kurz ACCR, zur Bestimmung rheologischer Absolutwerte. Mit dem entwickelten Rheometer konnte, nach erfolgreicher Validierung der Funktionsweise, Beton mit hoher Reproduzierbarkeit rheologisch charakterisiert werden. Dies wurde vor allem durch die baulichen Besonderheiten (rotierende Bodenplatte; adaptive, temperierte Messoberflächen) des ACCR ermöglicht. Aufgrund des vergleichsweise großen Messspalts konnte weiterhin eine neuartige, auf PIV-basierende Methode zur Fließgrenzbestimmung implementiert werden, welche vielversprechende Ergebnisse gezeigt hat. Ein weiterer Fokus der Arbeit lag auf der simulativen Bestimmung von Korrekturwerten für verschiedene, strukturierte Koaxialsysteme, welche für die meisten wandgleitenden Fluide erforderlich sind. Da der simulative Ansatz nur minimale Abweichungen zu aufwändig bestimmten Laborwerten zeigte, konnte abschließend das Fließfeld innerhalb der Strukturen näher charakterisiert werden.
description: Even though concrete has been used for several millennia, its absolute rheological properties are still poorly researched. This is particularly due to the fact that commercial rheometers are not suitable for concrete because of their measuring gap size. However, since the knowledge of concrete rheology is necessary to cope with future challenges, the main focus of this work was the development of an adaptive coaxial concrete rheometer, or ACCR for short, to determine absolute rheological values. After successful validation of the rheometer functionality, concrete could be rheologically characterized with high reproducibility with the developed rheometer. This was possible mainly due to the special constructional features (rotating bottom plate; adaptive, temperature-controlled measuring surfaces) of the ACCR. Furthermore, due to the comparatively large measuring gap, a novel PIV-based method for yield stress measurements could be implemented, which showed promising results. Another focus of the work was the simulative determination of correction values for different structured coaxial systems, which are required for most wall-slipping fluids. Since the simulative approach showed only minute deviations from the elaborately determined laboratory values, the flow field within the structures could be characterized in more detail.
Super Heavy Dark Matter and UHECR Anisotropy at Low Energy
Creators: name: Aloisio, R.
name: Tortorici, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Super Heavy quasi-stable particles are naturally produced in the early universe and could represent a substantial fraction of the Dark Matter: the so-called Super Heavy Dark Matter (SHDM). The decay of SHDM represents also a possible source of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR), with a reliably calculated spectrum of the particles produced in the decay $(\propto E^{-1.9})$. The SHDM model for the production of UHECR can explain quantitatively only the excess of UHE events observed by AGASA. In the case of an observed spectrum not showing the AGASA excess the SHDM model can provide only a {\it subdominant} contribution to the UHECR flux. We discuss here the basic features of SHDM for the production of a {\it subdominant} UHECR flux, we refer our study to the possible signatures of the model at the Auger observatory discussing in particular the expected chemical composition and anisotropy.
description: 18 pages, 14 eps figures, version accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Orientational ordering of hydrogen molecules adsorbed on graphite
Creators: name: Kubik, Philip Roman
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: NMR has been employed to measure the orientational behaviour of sub-monolayers of H₂ and D₂ adsorbed on graphite from .3 K to 12 K. For the temperature and coverages used, the hydrogen forms a lattice commensurate with that of the graphite (√3 x √3 structure) and can be modelled by a hexagonal lattice of interacting quantum quadrupoles. Each molecule also experiences a crystal field arising from Van der Waals interactions with the substrate and with the other hydrogen molecules. For such a system, mean field theory predicts a variety of orientationally ordered phases, depending on the relative strength of the crystal field and the molecular field, which are always in opposition. A key question to be answered by experiment was whether the strong fluctuations associated with quantum effects and the two dimensional nature of the system would in fact allow a finite transition temperature. We have observed that for 90% ortho-H₂ (J=l), the splitting of the high temperature NMR doublet increases rapidly with decreasing temperature near .6 K and additional structure appears. In addition, the .3 K spectrum agrees well with the expected T=0 spectrum for the orientationally ordered pinwheel phase of mean field theory. Consequently, the rapid increase in the splitting is interpreted as an orientational ordering transition. In contrast to the results for H₂, the NMR spectrum of 90% para-D₂ (J=l) shows no rapid changes, evolving smoothly from a doublet to a very broad and weak structure. There is no evidence of orientational ordering, at least down to .3 K. The different behaviour of H₂ and D₂ is particularly puzzling in light of the fact that the bulk solids both order orientation-ally into the same structure at similar temperatures. From the temperature dependence of the splitting of the high temperature NMR doublets, we have extracted the values of the crystal fields and effective quadrupole coupling constants of H₂ and D₂. The quadrupole coupling constant of D₂ is somewhat less than the rigid lattice value as one would expect in the presence of translational zero point motion. However, that of H₂ is much too small for this mechanism to be responsible.
Quantum contextuality in the Mermin-Peres square: A hidden variable perspective
Creators: name: La Cour, Brian R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The question of a hidden variable interpretation of quantum contextuality in the Mermin-Peres square is considered. The Kochen-Specker theorem implies that quantum mechanics may be interpreted as a contextual hidden variable theory. It is shown that such a hidden variable description can be viewed as either contextual in the random variables mapping hidden states to observable outcomes or in the probability measure on the hidden state space. The latter view suggests that this apparent contextuality may be interpreted as a simple consequence of measurement disturbance, wherein the initial hidden state is altered through interaction with the measuring device, thereby giving rise to a possibly different final hidden variable state from which the measurement outcome is obtained. In light of this observation, a less restrictive and, arguably, more reasonable definition of noncontextuality is suggested. To prove that such a description is possible, an explicit and, in this sense, noncontextual hidden variable model is constructed which reproduces all quantum theoretic predictions for the Mermin-Peres square. A critical analysis of some recent and proposed experimental tests of contextuality is also provided. Although the discussion is restricted to a four-dimensional Hilbert space, the approach and conclusions are expected to generalize to any Hilbert space.
description: 14 pages, no figures
With Members and For Members? A Theoretical Analysis of Mutuality in Co-operatives, its Evolution and Re-Formulation through Italian Community Co-ops.
Creators: name: Bianchi, Michele
Publisher: name: Argomenti
Year: 2019
Subjects: Cooperative; Comunità; Mutualità;

description: Since the 19th century, co-operatives have operated for their members’ wealth promoting economic activities in different fields. The key characteristic of these firms is the mutuality, which allows members to have a direct benefit working co-operatively for the organization (Zamagni, 2005). Recent economic crisis has encouraged people to demand a new sustainable economy, co-ops can respond because they serve communities’ needs and interests (Vieta & Lionas, 2015); community co-ops are the result of this process. This paper wants to analyse how community co-ops are modifying the co-op structure in order to respond to new social issues. Is the community co-op re-shaping the idea of mutuality? In what way? Community co-operatives are renewing the co-operation model surpassing the classic mutualistic structure, which only provides the co-ops’ members with benefits, and pays their attention to outcomes for the entire community.
description: Argomenti, N. 12 (2019)
Symmetry-breaking Fermi surface deformations from central interactions in two dimensions
Creators: name: Quintanilla, J.
name: Haque, M.
name: Schofield, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a mean field theory of the Pomeranchuk instability in two dimensions, starting from a generic central interaction potential described in terms of a few microscopic parameters. For a significant range of parameters, the instability is found to be pre-empted by a first-order quantum phase transition. We provide the ground state phase diagram in terms of our generic parameters.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Cultural Control of the Grape Berry Moth
Creators: name: Still, George W.
name: Still, George W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1962
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: The grape berry moth, a small brownish moth, is a major pest of grapes over most of the Eastern United States. Damage by the grape berry moth to grapes can be greatly reduced by following certain cultural control practices. In general, they include using tillage implements to bury overwintering cocoons under a layer of soil. The moths, therefore, are unable to make their way out in the spring. They die without reaching the grapevines to lay their eggs. Although cultural control practices cannot be expected to eliminate the grape berry moth, they will reduce the amount of injury it causes. They affect only the first brood, but any reduction in the first brood will reduce the numbers in the second brood. Thoroughness and timeliness in carrying out these practices are essential.
Classical emulation of a quantum computer
Creators: name: La Cour, Brian R.
name: Ostrove, Corey I.
name: Ott, Granville E.
name: Starkey, Michael J.
name: Wilson, Gary R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper describes a novel approach to emulate a universal quantum computer with a wholly classical system, one that uses a signal of bounded duration and amplitude to represent an arbitrary quantum state. The signal may be of any modality (e.g. acoustic, electromagnetic, etc.) but this paper will focus on electronic signals. Individual qubits are represented by in-phase and quadrature sinusoidal signals, while unitary gate operations are performed using simple analog electronic circuit devices. In this manner, the Hilbert space structure of a multi-qubit quantum state, as well as a universal set of gate operations, may be fully emulated classically. Results from a programmable prototype system are presented and discussed.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Green functions and dimensional reduction of quantum fields on product manifolds
Creators: name: Haba, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss Euclidean Green functions on product manifolds P=NxM. We show that if M is compact then the Euclidean field on P can be approximated by its zero mode which is a Euclidean field on N. We estimate the remainder of this approximation. We show that for large distances on N the remainder is small. If P=R^{D-1}xS^{beta}, where S^{beta} is a circle of radius beta, then the result reduces to the well-known approximation of the D dimensional finite temperature quantum field theory to D-1 dimensional one in the high temperature limit. Analytic continuation of Euclidean fields is discussed briefly.
description: 17 pages
La mitigazione del rischio sismico in Italia: obiettivi e strumenti
Creators: name: Rubino, Piero
Publisher: name: Argomenti
Year: 2019
Subjects: Efficienza allocativa ed analisi costi-benefici; Politiche pubbliche e regolazione; infrastrutture; altri investimenti pubblici

description: Sommario
La sequenza di eventi tellurici che dall’estate del 2016 ha colpito vaste aree dell’Italia Centrale ha riproposto il tema dei danni al patrimonio edilizio e alle infrastrutture causati da insufficienti sforzi di mitigazione dei rischi dei fenomeni sismici cui sono va soggetta un’ampia porzione del territorio italiano. Il lavoro esamina il tema della mitigazione del rischio sismico, passando in rassegna gli strumenti di intervento, le stime disponibili sui danni da eventi sismici e la dimensione degli investimenti necessari ad accrescere la sicurezza. Vengono quantificate le risorse pubbliche utilizzabili e si esamina l’opportunità di ricorrere alla finanza privata. Sono infine approfonditi i concetti di vulnerabilità e di resilienza, che hanno un ruolo chiave nella mitigazione dei rischi da disastri naturali. L’analisi offre conferma dell’esigenza di fondare scelte di investimento pubblico su solide valutazioni di priorità, soprattutto in un ambito cruciale per la tenuta del territorio. Classificazione JEL: D61, G38, H54. Parole chiave: Efficienza allocativa ed analisi costi-benefici; Politiche pubbliche e regolazione; infrastrutture; altri investimenti pubblici.
Abstract
The sequence of seismic episodes that struck a sizeable part of Central Italy since the summer of 2016 has once again dramatically tabled the long-standing issue of damage to real estate and infrastructure caused by insufficient efforts to curb the seismic hazard which affects a sizeable part of Italy’s mainland. The paper deals with seismic risk mitigation and reviews intervention instruments, damage estimates in former earthquakes and investment requirements aimed at safety. Potentially available public funds are quantified and the scope for private financing investigated. Finally, the concepts of vulnerability and resilience, which play a key role in mitigating natural disasters’ risks, are explored. The analysis purports the need to root public investment choices on sound priority appraisal, which is all the more relevant when aimed at strengthening territorial resilience. JEL Classification: D61, G38, H54. Keywords: Allocative Efficiency & Cost–Benefit Analysis; Government Policy and Regulation; Infrastructures; Other Public Investment and Capital Stock.
description: Argomenti, N. 12 (2019)
Adaptive Boundary Proposal Network for Arbitrary Shape Text Detection
Creators: name: Zhang, Shi-Xue
name: Zhu, Xiaobin
name: Yang, Chun
name: Wang, Hongfa
name: Yin, Xu-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Arbitrary shape text detection is a challenging task due to the high complexity and variety of scene texts. In this work, we propose a novel adaptive boundary proposal network for arbitrary shape text detection, which can learn to directly produce accurate boundary for arbitrary shape text without any post-processing. Our method mainly consists of a boundary proposal model and an innovative adaptive boundary deformation model. The boundary proposal model constructed by multi-layer dilated convolutions is adopted to produce prior information (including classification map, distance field, and direction field) and coarse boundary proposals. The adaptive boundary deformation model is an encoder-decoder network, in which the encoder mainly consists of a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). It aims to perform boundary deformation in an iterative way for obtaining text instance shape guided by prior information from the boundary proposal model. In this way, our method can directly and efficiently generate accurate text boundaries without complex post-processing. Extensive experiments on publicly available datasets demonstrate the state-of-the-art performance of our method.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, Accepted by ICCV2021
Overspinning a nearly extreme charged black hole via a quantum tunneling process
Creators: name: Matsas, George E. A.
name: da Silva, André R. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine a nearly extreme macroscopic Reissner-Nordstrom black hole in the context of semi-classical gravity. The absorption rate associated with the quantum tunneling process of scalar particles whereby this black hole can acquire enough angular momentum to violate the weak cosmic censorship conjecture is shown to be nonzero.
description: Submitted to Physical Review Letters, 4 pages, 3 figures
Effects of new NHC derivatives as ligands in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction
Creators: name: Yılmaz, Ülkü
name: Küçükbay, Hasan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: A series of NHC-derivative ligands was synthesized from bisbenzimidazole salts as the precursor of N-heterocyclic carbene with chalcogens, carbon disulfide, and phenyl isothiocyanate reagents. These new ligands were used in the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in the presence of palladium(II) acetate. Particularly, it was observed a remarkable ligand activity with tellurourea (5).
Vortex generation in protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet
Creators: name: de Val-Borro, M.
name: Artymowicz, P.
name: D'Angelo, G.
name: Peplinski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vortices in protoplanetary disks can capture solid particles and form planetary cores within shorter timescales than those involved in the standard core-accretion model. We investigate vortex generation in thin unmagnetized protoplanetary disks with an embedded giant planet with planet to star mass ratio $10^{-4}$ and $10^{-3}$. Two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of a protoplanetary disk with a planet are performed using two different numerical methods. The results of the non-linear simulations are compared with a time-resolved modal analysis of the azimuthally averaged surface density profiles using linear perturbation theory. Finite-difference methods implemented in polar coordinates generate vortices moving along the gap created by Neptune-mass to Jupiter-mass planets. The modal analysis shows that unstable modes are generated with growth rate of order $0.3 Ω_K$ for azimuthal numbers m=4,5,6, where $Ω_K$ is the local Keplerian frequency. Shock-capturing Cartesian-grid codes do not generate very much vorticity around a giant planet in a standard protoplanetary disk. Modal calculations confirm that the obtained radial profiles of density are less susceptible to the growth of linear modes on timescales of several hundreds of orbital periods. Navier-Stokes viscosity of the order $ν=10^{-5}$ (in units of $a^2 Ω_p$) is found to have a stabilizing effect and prevents the formation of vortices. This result holds at high resolution runs and using different types of boundary conditions. Giant protoplanets of Neptune-mass to Jupiter-mass can excite the Rossby wave instability and generate vortices in thin disks. The presence of vortices in protoplanetary disks has implications for planet formation, orbital migration, and angular momentum transport in disks.
description: 14 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
X-ray irradiated protoplanetary disk atmospheres I: Predicted emission line spectrum and photoevaporation
Creators: name: Ercolano, Barbara
name: Drake, Jeremy J.
name: Raymond, John C.
name: Clarke, Cathie C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present MOCASSIN 2D photoionisation and dust radiative transfer models of a prototypical T Tauri disk irradiated by X-rays from the young pre-main sequence star. The calculations demonstrate a layer of hot gas reaching temperatures of ~10^6 K at small radii and ~10^4 K at a distance of 1 AU. The gas temperatures decrease sharply with depth, but appear to be completely decoupled from dust temperatures down to a column depth of ~5*10^21 cm^-2. We predict that several fine-structure and forbidden lines of heavy elements, as well as recombination lines of hydrogen and helium, should be observable with current and future instrumentation, although optical lines may be smothered by the stellar spectrum. Predicted line luminosities are given for the the brightest collisionally excited lines (down to ~10^-8L_sun, and for recombination transitions from several levels of HI and HeI. The mass loss rate due to X-ray photoevaporation estimated from our models is of the order of 10^-8 M_sun yr^-1, implying a dispersal timescale of a few Myr for a disk of mass 0.027 M_sun, which is the mass of the disk structure model we employed. We discuss the limitations of our model and highlight the need for further calculations that should include the simultaneous solution of the 2D radiative transfer problem and the 1D hydrostatic equilibrium in the polar direction.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Observation of a very massive galaxy cluster at z=0.76 in SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey
Creators: name: Burenin, R. A.
name: Bikmaev, I. F.
name: Gilfanov, M. R.
name: Grokhovskaya, A. A.
name: Dodonov, S. N.
name: Eselevich, M. V.
name: Zaznobin, I. A.
name: Irtuganov, E. N.
name: Lyskova, N. S.
name: Medvedev, P. S.
name: Meshcheryakov, A. V.
name: Moiseev, A. V.
name: Sazonov, S. Yu.
name: Starobinsky, A. A.
name: Sunyaev, R. A.
name: Uklein, R. I.
name: Khabibullin, I. I.
name: Khamitov, I. M.
name: Churazov, E. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results of multiwavelength observations of the very massive galaxy cluster SRGe CL2305.2-2248 detected in X-rays during the first SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey are discussed. This galaxy cluster was also detected earlier in microwave band through the observations of Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect in South Pole Telescope (SPT-CL J2305-2248), and in Atacama Cosmological Telescope (ACT-CL J2305.1-2248) surveys. Spectroscopic redshift measurement, $z=0.7573$, was measured at the Russian 6-m BTA telescope of SAO RAS, in good agreement with its photometric estimates, including a very accurate one obtained using machine learning methods. In addition, deep photometric measurements were made at the Russian-Turkish 1.5-m telescope (RTT150), which allows to study cluster galaxies red sequence and projected galaxies distribution. Joint analysis of the data from X-ray and microwave observations show that this cluster can be identified as a very massive and distant one using the measurements of its X-ray flux and integral comptonization parameter only. The mass of the cluster estimated according to the eROSITA data is $M_{500}=(9.0\pm2.6)\cdot10^{14}\, M_\odot$. We show that this cluster is found among of only several dozen of the most massive clusters in the observable Universe and among of only a few the most massive clusters of galaxies at $z>0.6$.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy Letters