cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Weak evidence for variable occultation depth of 55 Cnc e with TESS
Creators: name: Valdés, E. A. Meier
name: Morris, B. M.
name: Wells, R. D.
name: Schanche, N.
name: Demory, B. -O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: 55 Cnc e is in a 0.73 day orbit transiting a Sun-like star. It has been observed that the occultation depth of this Super-Earth, with a mass of 8$M_{\bigoplus}$ and radius of 2$R_{\bigoplus}$, changes significantly over time at mid-infrared wavelengths. Observations with Spitzer measured a change in its day-side brightness temperature of 1200 K, possibly driven by volcanic activity, magnetic star-planet interaction, or the presence of a circumstellar torus of dust. Previous evidence for the variability in occultation was in the infrared range. Here we aim to explore if the variability exists also in the optical. TESS observed 55 Cnc during sectors 21, 44 and 46. We carefully detrend the data and fit a transit and occultation model for each sector in a Markov Chain Monte Carlo routine. In a later stage we use the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation statistic to compare with a model of constant occultation for the complete set and a model with no occultation. We report an occultation depth of 8$\pm$2.5 ppm for the complete set of TESS observations. In particular, we measured a depth of 15$\pm$4 ppm for sector 21, while for sector 44 we detect no occultation. In sector 46 we measure a weak occultation of 8$\pm$5 ppm. The occultation depth varies from one sector to the next between 1.6 and 3.4 $σ$ significance. We derive the possible contribution on reflected light and thermal emission, setting an upper limit on the geometric albedo. Based on our model comparison the presence of an occultation is favoured considerably over no occultation, where the model with varying occultation across sectors takes most of the statistical weight. Our analysis confirms a detection of the occultation in TESS. Moreover, our results weakly lean towards a varying occultation depth between each sector, while the transit depth is constant across visits.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication on A&A
Additional file 1 of Pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics investigation for the identification of novel, marine aromatase inhibitors
Creators: name: Kotb, Mohamed A.
name: Abdelmawgood, Islam Ahmed
name: Ibrahim, Ibrahim M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Template for room temperature, low pressure micro-and nano-imprint lithography
Creators: name: Ekerdt, John G.
name: Willson, C. Grant
name: Colburn, Matthew E.
name: Bailey, Todd
name: Choi, Byung J.
name: Sreenivasan, S.V.
Publisher: name: United States Patent and Trademark Office
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: B29C35/0888
subject: B29C37/0053
subject: B29C43/003
subject: B29C2035/0827
subject: B29C2043/025
subject: B82Y10/00
subject: B82Y40/00
subject: G03F7/0002
subject: G03F9/00
subject: G11B5/855
subject: Y10S977/887
subject: 101/473
subject: 425/385
subject: 425/403
subject: 430/275.1
subject: 430/302
subject: 430/320
subject: 977/887

description: Described are imprint lithography templates, methods of forming and using the templates, and a template holder device. An imprint lithography template may include a body with a plurality of recesses on a surface of the body. The body may be of a material that is substantially transparent to activating light. At least a portion of the plurality of recesses may define features having a feature size less than about 250 nm. A template may be formed by obtaining a material that is substantially transparent to activating light and forming a plurality or recesses on a surface of the template. In some embodiments, a template may further include at least one alignment mark. In some embodiments, a template may further include a gap sensing area. An imprint lithography template may be used to form an imprinted layer in a light curable liquid disposed on a substrate. During use, the template may be disposed within a template holder. The template holder may include a body with an opening configured to receive the template, a support plate, and at least one piezo actuator coupled to the body. The piezo actuator may be configured to alter a physical dimension of the template during use.
Use of step and flash imprint lithography for direct imprinting of dielectric materials for dual damascene processing
Creators: name: Willson, C. Grant
name: Nishimura, Yukio
name: Johnson, Stephen C.
name: Palmieri, Frank Anthony
name: Stewart, Michael D.
Publisher: name: United States Patent and Trademark Office
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: B82Y10/00
subject: B82Y40/00
subject: G03F7/0002
subject: H01L21/76817
subject: H01L21/76807
subject: H01L21/76828
subject: 216/13
subject: 216/18
subject: 216/41
subject: 216/44
subject: 216/52
subject: 216/88
subject: 438/638
subject: 438/692
subject: 438/700

description: In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to methods that involve the combination of step-and-flash imprint lithography (SFIL) with a multi-tier template to simultaneously pattern multiple levels of, for example, an integrated circuit device. In such embodiments, the imprinted material generally does not serve or act as a simple etch mask or photoresist, but rather serves as the insulation between levels and lines, i.e., as a functional dielectric material. After imprinting and a multiple step curing process, the imprinted pattern is filled with metal, as in dual damascene processing. Typically, the two printed levels will comprise a “via level,” which is used to make electrical contact with the previously patterned under-level, and a “wiring level.” The present invention provides for the direct patterning of functional materials, which represents a significant departure from the traditional approach to microelectronics manufacturing.
Particle Acceleration in Magnetic Reconnection with Ad hoc Pitch-angle Scattering
Creators: name: Johnson, Grant
name: Kilian, Patrick
name: Guo, Fan
name: Li, Xiaocan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle acceleration during magnetic reconnection is a long-standing topic in space, solar and astrophysical plasmas. Recent 3D particle-in-cell simulations of magnetic reconnection show that particles can leave flux ropes due to 3D field-line chaos, allowing particles to access additional acceleration sites, gain more energy through Fermi acceleration, and develop a power-law energy distribution. This 3D effect does not exist in traditional 2D simulations, where particles are artificially confined to magnetic islands due to their restricted motions across field lines. Full 3D simulations, however, are prohibitively expensive for most studies. Here, we attempt to reproduce 3D results in 2D simulations by introducing ad hoc pitch-angle scattering to a small fraction of the particles. We show that scattered particles are able to transport out of 2D islands and achieve more efficient Fermi acceleration, leading to a significant increase of energetic particle flux. We also study how the scattering frequency influences the nonthermal particle spectra. This study helps achieve a complete picture of particle acceleration in magnetic reconnection.
Geometric approach for the modified second generation time delay interferometry
Creators: name: Wang, Pan-Pan
name: Qian, Wei-Liang
name: Tan, Yu-Jie
name: Wu, Han-Zhong
name: Shao, Cheng-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The time delay interferometry (TDI) is an algorithm proposed to suppress the laser frequency noise in space-borne gravitational wave detectors. As a post-processing technique, it is implemented by constructing a virtual equal arm interferometer through an appropriate combination of the time-shifted data streams. Such an approach is tailored to the intrinsic feature of the space-based gravitational wave detection, namely, the distances between spacecraft are governed by the orbit dynamics and thus can not be held constant. Among different implementations, the geometric TDI was introduced as a method of exhaustion to evaluate the second-generation TDI combinations. The applications of the algebraic approach based on computational algebraic geometry, on the other hand, are mostly restricted to the first and the modified first-generation TDI. Besides, geometric TDI furnishes an intuitive physical interpretation about the synthesis of the virtual optical paths. In this paper, the geometric TDI is utilized to investigate the modified second-generation TDI combinations in conjunction with a ternary search algorithm. The distinction between the second-generation and modified second-generation TDI solutions is elaborated regarding the rate of change of the arm lengths with respect to the opposite cyclic directions. For the sixteen-link combinations, forty second-generation TDI solutions are recovered, among which nine of them are identified as the modified second-generation ones.
Additional file 1 of Impact of chemical snail control on intermediate host snail populations for urogenital schistosomiasis elimination in Pemba, Tanzania: findings of a 3-year intervention study
Creators: name: Trippler, Lydia
name: Ali, Said Mohammed
name: Masoud, Msanif Othman
name: Mohammed, Zahor Hamad
name: Amour, Amour Khamis
name: Suleiman, Khamis Rashid
name: Ame, Shaali Makame
name: Kabole, Fatma
name: Hattendorf, Jan
name: Knopp, Stefanie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1: Table 1: Environmental factors associated with Bulinus presence in water bodies in the north of Pemba, Tanzania (PDF).
Modeling the thermal conduction in the solar atmosphere with the code MANCHA3D
Creators: name: Navarro, Anamaría
name: Khomenko, E.
name: Modestov, M.
name: Vitas, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermal conductivity is one of the important mechanisms of heat transfer in the solar corona. In the limit of strongly magnetized plasma, it is typically modeled by Spitzer's expression where the heat flux is aligned with the magnetic field. This paper describes the implementation of the heat conduction into the code MANCHA3D with an aim of extending single-fluid MHD simulations from the upper convection zone into the solar corona. Two different schemes to model heat conduction are implemented: (1) a standard scheme where a parabolic term is added to the energy equation, and (2) a scheme where the hyperbolic heat flux equation is solved. The first scheme limits the time step due to the explicit integration of a parabolic term, which makes the simulations computationally expensive. The second scheme solves the limitations on the time step by artificially limiting the heat conduction speed to computationally manageable values. The validation of both schemes is carried out with standard tests in one, two, and three spatial dimensions. Furthermore, we implement the model for heat flux derived by Braginskii (1965) in its most general form, when the expression for the heat flux depends on the ratio of the collisional to cyclotron frequencies of the plasma, and, therefore on the magnetic field strength. Additionally, our implementation takes into account the heat conduction in parallel, perpendicular, and transverse directions, and provides the contributions from ions and electrons separately. The model also transitions smoothly between field-aligned conductivity and isotropic conductivity for regions with a low or null magnetic field. Finally, we present a two-dimensional test for heat conduction using realistic values of the solar atmosphere where we prove the robustness of the two schemes implemented.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Sfp sequence elongation details, in situ hybridizations and antibody staining results from In the footsteps of sea stars: deciphering the catalogue of proteins involved in underwater temporary adhesion
Creators: name: Algrain, Morgane
name: Hennebert, Elise
name: Bertemes, Philip
name: Wattiez, Ruddy
name: Flammang, Patrick
name: Lengerer, Birgit
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Details on the sequence elongation strategy of sea star footprint proteins (Sfps) of A. rubens and DNA and protein sequences, in situ hybridization pattern, footprint staining and western blots of anti-Sfps antibodies.
Trends in Silicates in the $β$ Pictoris Disk
Creators: name: Lu, Cicero X.
name: Chen, Christine H.
name: Sargent, B. A.
name: Watson, Dan M.
name: Lisse, Carey M.
name: Green, Joel D.
name: Sitko, Michael L.
name: Mittal, Tushar
name: Lebouteiller, V.
name: Sloan, G. C.
name: Rebollido, Isabel
name: Hines, Dean C.
name: Girard, Julien H.
name: Werner, Michael W.
name: Stapelfeldt, Karl R.
name: Wu, Winston
name: Worthen, Kadin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While beta Pic is known to host silicates in ring-like structures, whether the properties of these silicate dust vary with stellocentric distance remains an open question. We re-analyze the beta Pictoris debris disk spectrum from the Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) and a new IRTF/SpeX spectrum to investigate trends in Fe/Mg ratio, shape, and crystallinity in grains as a function of wavelength, a proxy for stellocentric distance. By analyzing a re-calibrated and re-extracted spectrum, we identify a new 18 micron forsterite emission feature and recover a 23 micron forsterite emission feature with a substantially larger line-to-continuum ratio than previously reported. We find that these prominent spectral features are primarily produced by small submicron-sized grains, which are continuously generated and replenished from planetesimal collisions in the disk and can elucidate their parent bodies' composition. We discover three trends about these small grains: as stellocentric distance increases, (1) small silicate grains become more crystalline (less amorphous), (2) they become more irregular in shape, and (3) for crystalline silicate grains, the Fe/Mg ratio decreases. Applying these trends to beta Pic's planetary architecture, we find that the dust population exterior to the orbits of beta Pic b and c differs substantially in crystallinity and shape. We also find a tentative 3-5 micron dust excess due to spatially unresolved hot dust emission close to the star. From our findings, we infer that the surfaces of large planetesimals are more Fe-rich and collisionally-processed closer to the star but more Fe-poor and primordial farther from the star.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, Accepted for Publication in ApJ
Hydration status and the influence of different amounts of fluid intake on performance in preadolescent and adolescent artistic gymnasts
Creators: name: Chryssanthopoulos, Costas
name: Dallas, Georgios
name: Arnaoutis, Giannis
name: Ragkousi, Eirini
name: Kapodistria, Georgia
name: Philippou, Anastassios
name: Maridaki, Maria
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Kinesiology
subject: Exercise Science
subject: Life Sciences

description: The purpose of this study is to examine the possible influence of different amounts of fluid intake and hydration status in artistic gymnastics performance in preadolescent and adolescent gymnasts.
Full analytic expression of overlap reduction function for gravitational wave background with pulsar timing arrays
Creators: name: Hu, Yu
name: Wang, Pan-Pan
name: Tan, Yu-Jie
name: Shao, Cheng-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pulsar timing array (PTA) is expected to detect gravitational wave background (GWB) in the nanohertz band within the next decade. This provides an opportunity to test the gravity theory and cosmology. A typical data analysis method to detect GWB is cross-correlation analysis. The overlap reduction function (ORF) plays an important role in the correlation data analysis of GWB. The present approach to dealing with the intricate integration in ORF is to use short-wave approximation to drop out the tricky terms. In this paper, we provide the full analytic expression of the ORF for PTA without any approximation for all possible polarizations allowed by modifications of general relativity. Compared with the numerical simulation and short-wave approximation, our results are more efficient and widely applicable. Especially for the scalar-longitudinal mode where the short-wave approximation is not available, our analytical expression is particularly significant.
Indoors Positioning From a GIS Perspective - Scale & resolution
Creators: name: Boxian Dong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Indoor positioning, GIS, Esri

description: A Geographic Information System (GIS) is the tool that connects information with space and time. It helps users understand where, when, how and why things are happening, and to predict what things will happen in the future. GIS has proven to help businesses to increase their revenue, scientists to protect the environment, communities to strengthen safety and societies to combat inequality. Compared to the outdoor counterparts, indoor GIS is still in its infancy. However, this is neither caused by the lack of applications nor by the lack of demand. After all, we spend 90% of our time indoors and require at least the same amount of safety, support and convenience as we do outdoors.
 The Global Positioning System (GPS), which provides outdoor positions up to submeter resolution at a global scale, is a major contribution to the success of the outdoor GIS. It makes data processing, not data acquisition the bottleneck of the GIS applications. Data acquisition in an indoor environment, on the other hand, is still limited by the availability of indoor positioning and/or the lack of positioning resolution (accuracy). This contributes not only to the poor adoption of indoor GIS usages, but also to the lack of data availability for indoor applications at local and global scales.
 In this talk, we will discuss the outdoor and indoor GIS applications with respect to scale and resolution, which drive the requirements for different coverages and levels of positioning accuracy. We will also discuss different technologies that will provide solutions for an indoor positioning system and Esri's implementation of such a system.
description: Presentation slides for the keynote talk at the 2nd IEEE Intl. Workshop on ALgorithms for Indoor Architectures and Systems (ALIAS 2022 [alias22.cs.ucy.ac.cy]) collocated with the 23rd IEEE Intl. Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM 2022 [mdm2022.cs.ucy.ac.cy])
Additional file 2 of TAT as a new marker and its use for noninvasive chemical biopsy in NASH diagnosis
Creators: name: Jo, Sihyang
name: Kim, Jin-Mo
name: Li, Minshu
name: Kim, Han Sun
name: An, Yong Jin
name: Park, Sunghyouk
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Additional file 1 of What really makes residents tick or burn out? Insights from a National survey
Creators: name: Zloto, Ofira
name: Henenfeld, Maxim
name: Weinstein, Orly
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1.
A table of contents entry from Synthesis of TiC@C-anatase/rutile@polyvinyl alcohol/xylan: a powerful photocatalyst for degradation of organic pollutant under visible light
Creators: name: Absalan, Yahya
name: Gholizadeh, Mostafa
name: Razavi, Mohammad Reza
name: Dastani, Zeynab
name: Vu, Anh Thi Ngoc
name: Kovalchukova, Olga
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: In this study, a composite bearing titanium carbide (TiC), titanium dioxide (TiO2), polyvinyl alcohol and xylan (TiC@C- anatase/rutile@polyvinyl alcohol/xylan) was synthesized and applied as a photocatalyst for the degradation of bromophenol blue (BPB) solution through several steps. Nanostructure of TiC and TiO2 in the anatase and rutile phases was obtained through heat treatment of TiC at different times and temperatures (TiC@AR) which led to a reduction in energy bandgap from UV to visible light, in addition to the enhancement of the surface activity. After TiC@AR polymerization by xylan and polyvinyl alcohol and obtaining TiC@AR/PX, the energy bandgap reduced to IR range (52% of the sunlight) while showing an enhancement in the surface activity. The photocatalytic activity of the compounds was tested by studying decomposition BPB solution under visible light. The result illustrated the ability of TiC and TiC@AR to decrease the concentration of BPB after 150 min by 35% and 37%, respectively, while this reduction was 72% for TiC@AR/PX. Considering the effective parameters, the energy bandgap and the surface layer played key roles in photocatalytic degradation.
Multi-Spacecraft Observations of the Evolution of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections Between 0.3 and 2.2 AU: Conjunctions with the Juno Spacecraft
Creators: name: Davies, Emma E.
name: Winslow, Réka M.
name: Scolini, Camilla
name: Forsyth, Robert J.
name: Möstl, Christian
name: Lugaz, Noé
name: Galvin, Antoinette B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalogue of 35 interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) observed by the Juno spacecraft and at least one other spacecraft during its cruise phase to Jupiter. We identify events observed by MESSENGER, Venus Express, Wind, and STEREO with magnetic features that can be matched unambiguously with those observed by Juno. A multi-spacecraft study of ICME properties between 0.3 and 2.2 AU is conducted: we firstly investigate the global expansion by tracking the variation in magnetic field strength with increasing heliocentric distance of individual ICME events, finding significant variability in magnetic field relationships for individual events in comparison with statistical trends. With the availability of plasma data at 1 AU, the local expansion at 1 AU can be compared with global expansion rates between 1 AU and Juno. Despite following expected trends, the local and global expansion rates are only weakly correlated. Finally, for those events with clearly identifiable magnetic flux ropes, we investigate the orientation of the flux rope axis as they propagate; we find that 64% of events displayed a decrease in inclination with increasing heliocentric distance, and 40% of events undergo a significant change in orientation as they propagate towards Juno. The multi-spacecraft catalogue produced in this study provides a valuable link between ICME observations in the inner heliosphere and beyond 1 AU, thereby improving our understanding of ICME evolution.
Particular flows and attracting sets: A comment on "How particular is the physics of the Free Energy Principle?" by Aguilera, Millidge, Tschantz and Buckley
Creators: name: Heins, Conor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: In this commentary, I expand on the analysis of the recent article "How particular is the physics of the Free Energy Principle?" by Aguilera et al. by studying the flow fields of linear diffusions, and particularly the rotation of their attracting sets in the presence of different types of solenoidal coupling. This analysis sheds new light on previous claims made in the FEP literature (and contested in the target article) that the internal dynamics of stochastic systems can be cast performing a gradient flow on variational free energy, and thus endowed with an inferential interpretation, i.e., as if internal states are performing inference about states external to the system. I express general agreement with the target article's statement that the marginal flow of internal states does not point along variational free energy gradients evaluated at the most likely internal state (i.e., the conditional mode). However, in this commentary I focus on the flow of particular states (internal and blanket states) and their variational free energy gradients, and show that for a wide but restricted class of solenoidal couplings, the average flow of these systems point along variational free energy gradients. This licenses a different but perhaps stronger re-description of the flow of particular states as performing inference, which importantly holds at arbitrary points in state space, not just at the conditional modes.
Probing stellar cores from inversions of frequency separation ratios
Creators: name: Bétrisey, J.
name: Buldgen, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: With the rapid development of asteroseismology thanks to space-based photometry missions such as CoRoT, Kepler, TESS, and in the future, PLATO, and the use of inversion techniques, quasi-model-independent constraints on the stellar properties can be extracted from a given stellar oscillation spectrum. In this context, inversions based on frequency separation ratios, that are less sensitive to surface effects, appear as a promising technique to constrain the properties of stellar convective cores. We developed an inversion based on frequency separation ratios with the goal of damping the surface effects of the oscillation frequencies. Using this new inversion, we defined a new indicator to constrain the boundary mixing properties of convective cores in solar-like oscillators. We verified our inversion technique by conducting tests in a controlled environment, where the stellar mass and radius are known exactly, and conducted an extensive hare and hounds exercise. The inversion is not affected by surface effects. With the construction of an extensive set of models, favoured and forbidden regions can be highlighted in the parameter space. If the ratios are well fitted, the inversion is unsurprisingly not providing additional information. The indicator coupled with the inversion based on frequency separation ratios seems promising at probing the properties of convective cores, especially for F-type stars exhibiting solar-like oscillations.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Electromagnetic precursor flares from the late inspiral of neutron star binaries
Creators: name: Most, Elias R.
name: Philippov, Alexander A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coalescence of two neutron stars is accompanied by the emission of gravitational waves, and can also feature electromagnetic counterparts powered by mass ejecta and the formation of a relativistic jet after the merger. Since neutron stars can feature strong magnetic fields, the non-trivial interaction of the neutron star magnetospheres might fuel potentially powerful electromagnetic transients prior to merger. A key process powering those precursor transients is relativistic reconnection in strong current sheets formed between the two stars. In this work, we provide a detailed analysis of how the twisting of the common magnetosphere of the binary leads to an emission of electromagnetic flares, akin to those produced in the solar corona. By means of relativistic force-free electrodynamics simulations, we clarify the role of different magnetic field topologies in the process. We conclude that flaring will always occur for suitable magnetic field alignments, unless one of the neutron stars has a magnetic field significantly weaker than the other.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures
Thomson scattering above solar active regions and an ad-hoc polarization correction method for the emissive corona
Creators: name: Schad, Thomas A.
name: Jaeggli, Sarah A.
name: Dima, Gabriel I
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thomson scattered photospheric light is the dominant constituent of the lower solar corona's spectral continuum viewed off-limb at optical wavelengths. Known as the K-corona, it is also linearly polarized. We investigate the possibility of using the a priori polarized characteristics of the K-corona, together with polarized emission lines, to measure and correct instrument-induced polarized crosstalk. First, we derive the Stokes parameters of Thomson scattering of unpolarized light in an irreducible spherical tensor formalism. This allows forward synthesis of the Thomson scattered signal for the more complex scenario of symmetry-breaking features in the incident radiation field, which could limit the accuracy of our proposed technique. For this, we make use of an advanced 3D radiative magnetohydrodynamic coronal model. Together with synthesized polarized signals in the Fe XIII 10746 Angstrom emission line, we find that an ad hoc correction of telescope and instrument-induced polarization crosstalk is possible under the assumption of a non-depolarizing optical system.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ
Revisit the rate of tidal disruption events: the role of the partial tidal disruption event
Creators: name: Zhong, Shiyan
name: Li, Shuo
name: Berczik, Peter
name: Spurzem, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tidal disruption of stars in dense nuclear star clusters containing supermassive central black holes (SMBH) is modeled by high-accuracy direct N-body simulation. Stars getting too close to the SMBH are tidally disrupted and a tidal disruption event (TDE) happens. TDEs probe properties of SMBH, their accretion disks, and the surrounding nuclear stellar cluster. In this paper we compare rates of full tidal disruption events (FTDE) with partial tidal disruption events (PTDE). Since a PTDE does not destroy the star, a leftover object emerges; we use the term 'leftover star' for it; two novel effects occur in the simulation: (1) variation of the leftover star's mass and radius, (2) variation of the leftover star's orbital energy. After switching on these two effects in our simulation, the number of FTDEs is reduced by roughly 28%, and the reduction is mostly due to the ejection of the leftover stars from PTDEs coming originally from relatively large distance. The number of PTDEs is about 75% higher than the simple estimation given by Stone et al. (2020), and the enhancement is mainly due to the multiple PTDEs produced by the leftover stars residing in the diffusive regime. We compute the peak mass fallback rate for the PTDEs and FTDEs recorded in the simulation, and find 58% of the PTDEs have peak mass fallback rate exceeding the Eddington limit, and the number of super-Eddington PTDEs is 2.3 times the number of super-Eddington FTDEs.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Charge Exchange X-ray Emission Detected in Multiple Shells of Supernova Remnant G296.1-0.5
Creators: name: Tanaka, Yukiko
name: Uchida, Hiroyuki
name: Tanaka, Takaaki
name: Amano, Yuki
name: Koshiba, Yosuke
name: Tsuru, Takeshi Go
name: Sano, Hidetoshi
name: Fukui, Yasuo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy revealed possible presence of charge exchange (CX) X-ray emission in supernova remnants (SNRs). Although CX is expected to take place at outermost edges of SNR shells, no significant measurement has been reported so far due to the lack of nearby SNR samples. Here we present an X-ray study of SNR G296.1$-$0.5, which has a complicated multiple-shell structure, with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) onboard XMM-Newton. We select two shells in different regions and find that in both regions O VII line shows a high forbidden-to-resonance ($f/r$) ratio that cannot be reproduced by a simple thermal model. Our spectral analysis suggests a presence of CX and the result is also supported by our new radio observation, where we discover evidence of molecular clouds associated with these shells. Assuming G296.1$-$0.5 has a spherical shock, we estimate that CX is dominant in a thin layer with a thickness of 0.2--0.3\% of the shock radius. The result is consistent with a previous theoretical expectation and we therefore conclude that CX occurs in G296.1$-$0.5.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures
Reconstruction of the Solar Activity from the Catalogs of the Zurich Observatory
Creators: name: Illarionov, Egor
name: Arlt, Rainer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Catalogs of the Zurich Observatory contain positional information on sunspots, prominences and faculae in late 19th and early 20th centuries. This database is given in handwritten tabular form and was not systematically analysed earlier. It is different from the sunspot number time series made in Zurich and was obtained with a larger telescope. We trained a neural-network model for handwritten text recognition and present the database of reconstructed coordinates. The database obtained connects the earlier observations by Spörer with later programs of the 20th century and supplements the sunspot-group catalogs of the Royal Greenwich Observatory. We also expect that the presented machine-learning approach and its deep capabilities will motivate the processing of a wide bulk of astronomical data, which is still given in non-digitized form or as plain scanned images.
Additional file 1 of Impact of dementia on post-hip fracture walking ability: a stratified analysis based on pre-fracture mobility in Swedish cohorts of older adults
Creators: name: Linder, Philip D. G. Burenstam
name: Religa, Dorota D.
name: Gustavsson, Fredrik
name: Eriksdotter, Maria
name: Hedström, Margareta
name: Hägg, Sara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health
subject: Hematology

description: Supplementary Material 1: Additional tables presenting patient demographics and results
supplementary_information.docx from Post-publication critique at top-ranked journals across scientific disciplines: a cross-sectional assessment of policies and practice
Creators: name: Hardwicke, Tom E.
name: Thibault, Robert T.
name: Kosie, Jessica E.
name: Tzavella, Loukia
name: Bendixen, Theiss
name: Handcock, Sarah A.
name: Köneke, Vivian E.
name: Ioannidis, John P. A.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Journals exert considerable control over letters, commentaries and online comments that criticize prior research (post-publication critique). We assessed policies (Study One) and practice (Study Two) related to post-publication critique at 15 top-ranked journals in each of 22 scientific disciplines (N = 330 journals). Two-hundred and seven (63%) journals accepted post-publication critique and often imposed limits on length (median 1000, interquartile range (IQR) 500–1200 words) and time-to-submit (median 12, IQR 4–26 weeks). The most restrictive limits were 175 words and two weeks; some policies imposed no limits. Of 2066 randomly sampled research articles published in 2018 by journals accepting post-publication critique, 39 (1.9%, 95% confidence interval [1.4, 2.6]) were linked to at least one post-publication critique (there were 58 post-publication critiques in total). Of the 58 post-publication critiques, 44 received an author reply, of which 41 asserted that original conclusions were unchanged. Clinical Medicine had the most active culture of post-publication critique: all journals accepted post-publication critique and published the most post-publication critique overall, but also imposed the strictest limits on length (median 400, IQR 400–550 words) and time-to-submit (median 4, IQR 4–6 weeks). Our findings suggest that top-ranked academic journals often pose serious barriers to the cultivation, documentation and dissemination of post-publication critique.
The disk of FU Orionis viewed with MATISSE/VLTI: first interferometric observations in $L$ and $M$ bands
Creators: name: Lykou, F.
name: Ábrahám, P.
name: Chen, L.
name: Varga, J.
name: Kóspál, Á.
name: Matter, A.
name: Siwak, M.
name: Szabó, Zs. M.
name: Zhu, Z.
name: Liu, H. B.
name: Lopez, B.
name: Allouche, F.
name: Augereau, J. -C.
name: Berio, P.
name: Cruzalèbes, P.
name: Dominik, C.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Hofmann, K. -H.
name: Hogerheijde, M.
name: Jaffe, W. J.
name: Kokoulina, E.
name: Lagarde, S.
name: Meilland, A.
name: Millour, F.
name: Pantin, E.
name: Petrov, R.
name: Robbe-Dubois, S.
name: Schertl, D.
name: Scheuck, M.
name: van Boekel, R.
name: Waters, L. B. F. M.
name: Weigelt, G.
name: Wolf, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The disk of FU Orionis is marginally resolved with MATISSE, suggesting that the region emitting in the thermal infrared is rather compact. An upper limit of $\sim1.3\pm0.1$ mas (in $L$) can be given for the diameter of the disk region probed in the $L$ band, corresponding to 0.5 au at the adopted Gaia EDR3 distance. This represents the hot, gaseous region of the accretion disk. The $N$-band data indicate that the dusty passive disk is silicate-rich. Only the innermost region of said dusty disk is found to emit strongly in the $N$ band, and it is resolved at an angular size of $\sim5$ mas, which translates to a diameter of about 2 au. The observations therefore place stringent constraints for the outer radius of the inner accretion disk. Dust radiative transfer simulations with RADMC-3D provide adequate fits to the spectral energy distribution from the optical to the submillimeter and to the interferometric observables when opting for an accretion rate $\dot{M}\sim 2\times 10^{-5}\, M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ and assuming $M_*=0.6\, M_\odot$. Most importantly, the hot inner accretion disk's outer radius can be fixed at 0.3 au. The outer radius of the dusty disk is placed at 100 au, based on constraints from scattered-light images in the literature. The dust mass contained in the disk is $2.4\times10^{-4}\, M_\odot$, and for a typical gas-to-dust ratio of 100, the total mass in the disk is approximately 0.02 $M_\odot$. We did not find any evidence for a nearby companion in the current interferometric data, and we tentatively explored the case of disk misalignment. For the latter, our modeling results suggest that the disk orientation is similar to that found in previous imaging studies by ALMA. Should there be an asymmetry in the very compact, inner accretion disk, this might be resolved at even smaller spatial scales ($\leq1$ mas).
description: 17 pages, 14 figures, to be published in Astronomy & Astrophysics
title:  Tripoli: entre allégeance libanaise et velléités islamistes
Creators: name: Macaron, Wissam Paul
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: Questo articolo intende illustrare le tensioni segmentari che continuano a caratterizzare la Repubblica Libanese. Fin dalla sua creazione, la logica dello Stato-Nazione fa fatica a consolidarsi nel Paese dei Cedri.  Questo fenomeno è particolarmente rivelatore a Tripoli, nella misura in cui questa grande città del Libano Nord dispone di una storia ricca e di numerose risorse. Tuttavia, troppo spesso considerata come periferica, la situazione di  emarginazione sociale ed economica  di Tripoli si traduce oggi, e in maniera crescente,  in una serie di dinamiche di frammentazione.  In un contesto caratterizzato da paralisi istituzionale, con una leadership quasi assente e in presenza delle ripercussioni a catena della crisi siriana sulla città, i movimenti islamisti, ben radicati e dotati di una certa legittimità, si fanno i portavoce di una contestazione caratterizzata da accenti anti-istituzionali sempre più percepibili.
description: Vers un nouveau Moyen-Orient? États arabes en crise entre logiques de division et sociétés civiles
Additional file 1 of Intracranial pressure trends and clinical outcomes after decompressive hemicraniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction
Creators: name: Jung, Jae Wook
name: Kang, Ilmo
name: Park, Jin
name: Lee, Seungjoo
name: Jeon, Sang-Beom
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
The Detection of Transiting Exoplanets by Gaia
Creators: name: Panahi, Aviad
name: Zucker, Shay
name: Clementini, Gisella
name: Audard, Marc
name: Binnenfeld, Avraham
name: Cusano, Felice
name: Evans, Dafydd Wyn
name: Gomel, Roy
name: Holl, Berry
name: Ilyin, Ilya
name: de Fombelle, Grégory Jevardat
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
name: Mowlavi, Nami
name: Nienartowicz, Krzysztof
name: Rimoldini, Lorenzo
name: Shahaf, Sahar
name: Eyer, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: The space telescope Gaia is dedicated mainly to performing high-precision astrometry, but also spectroscopy and epoch photometry which can be used to study various types of photometric variability. One such variability type is exoplanetary transits. The photometric data accumulated so far have finally matured enough to allow the detection of some exoplanets. Aims: In order to fully exploit the scientific potential of Gaia, we search its photometric data for the signatures of exoplanetary transits. Methods: The search relies on a version of the Box-Least-Square (BLS) method, applied to a set of stars prioritized by machine-learning classification methods. An independent photometric validation was obtained using the public full-frame images of TESS. In order to validate the first two candidates, radial-velocity follow-up observations were performed using the spectrograph PEPSI of the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Results: The radial-velocity measurements confirm that two of the candidates are indeed hot Jupiters. Thus, they are the first exoplanets detected by Gaia - Gaia-1b and Gaia-2b. Conclusions: Gaia-1b and Gaia-2b demonstrate that the approach presented in this paper is indeed effective. This approach will be used to assemble a set of additional exoplanet candidates, to be released in Gaia third data release, ensuring better fulfillment of the exoplanet detection potential of Gaia.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A, 8 pages, 8 figures
title: Haemothorax induced by rib spur in a paediatric patient
Creators: name: Kumar L., Vasanth
Publisher: name: EURORAD
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chest imaging
subject: Thorax
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Surgery
subject: Haemorrhage
subject: Trauma
subject: Clinical Case

description: Clinical History: A 14-year-old child was brought to the emergency department with complaints of left-sided chest pain persisting for four days, radiating to the shoulder. Additionally, the patient reported experiencing one episode of fever spike accompanied by vomiting. There was no history of trauma, weight loss or increased susceptibility to bleeding.

description: 14 years, male
Formation of episodic jets and associated flares from black hole accretion systems
Creators: name: Cemeljic, Miljenko
name: Yang, Hai
name: Yuan, Feng
name: Shang, Hsien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Episodic ejections of blobs (episodic jets) are widely observed in black hole sources and usually associated with flares. In this paper, by performing and analyzing three dimensional general relativity magnetohydrodynamical numerical simulations of accretion flows, we investigate their physical mechanisms. We find that magnetic reconnection occurs in the accretion flow, likely due to the turbulent motion and differential rotation of the accretion flow, resulting in flares and formation of flux ropes. Flux ropes formed inside of 10-15 gravitational radii are found to mainly stay within the accretion flow, while flux ropes formed beyond this radius are ejected outward by magnetic forces and form the episodic jets. These results confirm the basic scenario proposed in Yuan et al.(2009). Moreover, our simulations find that the predicted velocity of the ejected blobs is in good consistency with observations of Sgr A*, M81, and M87. The whole processes are found to occur quasi-periodically, with the period being the orbital time at the radius where the flux rope is formed. The predicted period of flares and ejections is consistent with those found from the light curves or image of Sgr A*, M87, and PKS 1510-089. The possible applications to protostellar accretion systems are discussed.
description: 16 pages, 13 figures; accepted for publication in ApJ