cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Education that connects: the development of founders' social capital through entrepreneurship education programs
Creators: name: Edouard, Linda
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2023

description: In this dissertation, I argue that the entrepreneurship education literature might be undersocialized in its understanding of how entrepreneurship education programs (EEPs) impact entrepreneurial outcomes. I contend that this organizational context and the pedagogical approaches undertaken can arguably facilitate not only the development of founders' human capital --as research has emphasized-- but also their social capital. I introduce into the entrepreneurship education literature, a social capital perspective to answer the questions 1) how do EEPs facilitate the development of founders’ social capital and 2) how do founders’ initial social capital influence their firm founding activities in the EEP? To address these questions, I conducted a mixed method, embedded case study of three EEPs. I drew upon interviews, observations, social network surveys, and documentation to test preliminary propositions and induct theory on potential mechanisms that facilitate founders’ social capital development. The findings show that the chosen pedagogical models utilized in the training sessions may play a role in the structural social capital founders generate within the programs. Furthermore, I propose and offer description of three additional mechanisms by which EEPs facilitate founders' networking – namely: facilitating the acquisition of relational knowledge, brokering access to players, and social cost reduction. Moreover, I find that founders leverage their existing network while engaging in the program’s directed activities. I explain that this may in part explain some of the reasons for mixed findings in research that examine the impact of entrepreneurship education. Taken together, I contribute to the literature on entrepreneurship education an embedded perspective on EEPs. I also offer to the literature on social networks and entrepreneurship insight into how organizations can facilitate the development of founders’ social capital.
An Enamide-Based Domino Reaction for a Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydropyrans
Creators: name: Kramer, Philipp
name: Grimmer, Jennifer
name: Bolte, Michael
name: Manolikakes, Georg
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract A novel method for the highly stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydropyrans is reported. This domino reaction is based on a twofold addition of enamides to aldehydes followed by a subsequent cyclization and furnishes fully substituted tetrahydropyrans in high yields. Three new σ-bonds and five continuous stereogenic centers are formed in this one-pot process with a remarkable degree of diastereoselectivity. In most cases, the formation of only one out of 16 possible diastereomers is observed. Two different stereoisomers can be accessed in a controlled fashion starting either from an E- or a Z-configured enamide.
Anthropogenic and natural alterations of shallow groundwater temperatures
Creators: name: Menberg, Kathrin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014

description: Shallow subsurface temperatures are influenced by various processes. In particular, the thermal environment under urban areas is profoundly changed by anthropogenic activities and under several cities a permanent increase in groundwater temperatures is observed, which is driven by site-specific factors. Also in rural areas atmospheric temperatures exhibit an increasing trend due to climatic changes and influence the development of groundwater temperatures in economically important aquifers.
Strong coupling constants of light pseudoscalar mesons with heavy baryons in QCD
Creators: name: Aliev, T. M.
name: Azizi, K.
name: Savci, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the strong coupling constants of light pseudoscalar mesons with heavy baryons within the light cone QCD sum rules method. It is shown that sextet--sextet, sextet--antitriplet and antitriplet--antitriplet transitions are described by one universal invariant function for each class. A comparison of our results on the coupling constants with the predictions existing in literature is also presented.
description: 14 Pages, 3 Figures and 4 Tables
Biolasing from Individual Cells in a Low-Q Resonator Enables Spectral Fingerprinting
Creators: name: Septiadi, Dedy
name: Barna, Valentin
name: Saxena, Dhruv
name: Sapienza, Riccardo
name: Genovese, Damiano
name: De Cola, Luisa
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Abstract Lasing from cells has recently been subject of thorough investigation because of the potential for sensitive and fast biosensing. Yet, lasing from individual cells has been studied in high-quality resonators, resulting in limited dependence of the lasing properties on the cellular microenvironment. Here, lasing is triggered by cells floating in a low quality factor resonator composed of a disposable poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) cell counting-slide, hence in absence of conventional high-reflectivity optical cavities. The exceptional spectral narrowing and the steep slope increase in the input–output energy diagram prove occurrence of laser action in presence of cells. The observed biolasing is an intrinsically dynamic signal, with large fluctuations in intensity and spectrum determined by the optical properties of the individual cell passing through the pump beam. Numerical simulations of the scattering efficiency rule out the possibility of optical feedback from either WGM (whispering gallery mode) or multiple scattering within the cell, and point to the enhanced directional scattering field as the crucial contribution of cells to the laser action. Finally, principal component analysis of lasing spectra measured from freely diffusing cells yields spectral fingerprints of cell populations, which allows discriminating cancer from healthy Rattus glial cells with high degree of confidence.
Leptons in Holographic Composite Higgs Models with Non-Abelian Discrete Symmetries
Creators: name: Hagedorn, Claudia
name: Serone, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study leptons in holographic composite Higgs models, namely in models possibly admitting a weakly coupled description in terms of five-dimensional (5D) theories. We introduce two scenarios leading to Majorana or Dirac neutrinos, based on the non-abelian discrete group $S_4\times \Z_3$ which is responsible for nearly tri-bimaximal lepton mixing. The smallness of neutrino masses is naturally explained and normal/inverted mass ordering can be accommodated. We analyze two specific 5D gauge-Higgs unification models in warped space as concrete examples of our framework. Both models pass the current bounds on Lepton Flavour Violation (LFV) processes. We pay special attention to the effect of so called boundary kinetic terms that are the dominant source of LFV. The model with Majorana neutrinos is compatible with a Kaluza-Klein vector mass scale $m_{KK}\gtrsim 3.5$ TeV, which is roughly the lowest scale allowed by electroweak considerations. The model with Dirac neutrinos, although not considerably constrained by LFV processes and data on lepton mixing, suffers from a too large deviation of the neutrino coupling to the $Z$ boson from its Standard Model value, pushing $m_{KK}\gtrsim 10$ TeV.
description: 37 pages, 4 figures; v2: Note added in light of recent T2K and MINOS results, figures updated with new limit from MEG, references added, various minor improvements, matches JHEP published version
Exploratory behaviour in laboratory zebrafish : potential benefits of exploring the unknown
Creators: name: Graham, Courtney
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Zebrafish are one of the most used animals in scientific research. They are typically housed in barren conditions that greatly differ from their vegetated and fluctuating wild habitats. This disconnect has received increasing attention in recent years, particularly concerning the physical environment and the necessity of environmental enrichment. However, research investigating the psychological needs of zebrafish—a highly cognizant animal—is in its infancy. One method of addressing this gap is to investigate the use of cognitive enrichment—that is, providing a captive animal with appropriate cognitive challenge in effort to improve welfare. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to assess the role of allowing laboratory zebrafish to engage in exploration on their behavioural responses. I provided zebrafish with an opportunity to explore novel tank space by offering them access to a previously inaccessible portion of their semi-natural home tanks, within which they had been housed for nine months. I examined their exploratory behaviour (latency and number of inspections of the novel space), anxiety behaviour (bottom-dwelling) and social behaviour (agonistic behaviour, cohesion and coordination) on the day before (baseline), the day of, the day after and two weeks after providing access to the novel area. Zebrafish were found to quickly move into the new space (on average within 9.7±7.6 seconds; mean±SD) and sustained their interest on each of the observation days (P<0.003). I found no evidence of bottom-dwelling (P>0.73), indicating that the exploration opportunity was likely not anxiety-provoking. Further, the opportunity to explore increased positive affiliative social behaviour: reducing agonistic behaviour (P=0.02), and increasing both cohesion (P=0.04) and coordination (P=0.04) relative to baseline. Considering their natural habitats would normally include such information-gain opportunities, I suggest the use of barren and stagnant laboratory conditions compromises the behavioural and psychological needs of zebrafish and reduces welfare. This thesis adds to the growing body of literature focusing on the role cognitive stimulation may play in welfare and indicates that zebrafish are good candidates for further cognitive enrichment research.
HW/SW Co-Design Framework für Hochgeschwindigkeits-OFDM Signalverarbeitung
Creators: name: Meyer, Joachim Heribert
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: OFDM
FPGA
HW/SW
Co-Design
DDC

description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein HW/SW Co-Design Framework zur Erstellung angepasster Multiprozessor System-on-Chips entwickelt, womit sich für moderne OFDM-Systeme neue Kompromisse zwischen Leistungsfähigkeit und Flexibilität erzielen lassen. Anhand unterschiedlicher Experimente zur Hochgeschwindigkeits-OFDM Übertragung wurde die Funktionalität der Systeme nachgewiesen sowie Datenraten im Gb/s-Bereich erzielt, was bisher lediglich unflexiblen, dedizierten Schaltkreisen vorbehalten war.
Observational constraints on $f(T)$ theory
Creators: name: Wu, Puxun
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $f(T)$ theory, which is an extension of teleparallel, or torsion scalar $T$, gravity, is recently proposed to explain the present cosmic accelerating expansion with no need of dark energy. In this Letter, we first perform the statefinder analysis and $Om(z)$ diagnostic to two concrete $f(T)$ models, i.e., $f(T)=α(-T)^n$ and $f(T)=-αT(1-e^{p {T_0}/T})$, and find that a crossing of phantom divide line is impossible for both models. This is contrary to an existing result where a crossing is claimed for the second model. We, then, study the constraints on them from the latest Union 2 Type Ia Supernova (Sne Ia) set, the baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO), and the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Our results show that at the 95% confidence level $Ω_{m0}=0.272_{-0.032}^{+0.036}$, $n=0.04_{-0.33}^{+0.22}$ for Model 1 and $Ω_{m0}=0.272_{-0.034}^{+0.036}$, $p=-0.02_{-0.20}^{+0.31}$ for Model 2. A comparison of these two models with the $Λ$CDM by the $χ^2_{Min}/dof$ (dof: degree of freedom) criterion indicates that $Λ$CDM is still favored by observations. We also study the evolution of the equation of state for the effective dark energy in the theory and find that Sne Ia favors a phantom-like dark energy, while Sne Ia + BAO + CMB prefers a quintessence-like one.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures; statefinder diagnostic added, Om(z) analysis added; references added; accepted by PLB
Determining Ratios of WIMP-Nucleon Cross Sections from Direct Dark Matter Detection Data
Creators: name: Shan, Chung-Lin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) are one of the leading candidates for Dark Matter. So far the usual procedure for constraining the WIMP-nucleon cross sections in direct Dark Matter detection experiments have been to fit the predicted event rate based on some model(s) of the Galactic halo and of WIMPs to experimental data. One has to assume whether the spin-independent (SI) or the spin-dependent (SD) WIMP-nucleus interaction dominates, and results of such data analyses are also expressed as functions of the as yet unknown WIMP mass. In this article, I introduce methods for extracting information on the WIMP-nucleon cross sections by considering a general combination of the SI and SD interactions. Neither prior knowledge about the local density and the velocity distribution of halo WIMPs nor about their mass is needed. Assuming that an exponential-like shape of the recoil spectrum is confirmed from experimental data, the required information are only the measured recoil energies (in low energy ranges) and the number of events in the first energy bin from two or more experiments.
description: 33 pages, 20 eps figures; v2: typos fixed, references added and updated, revised version for publication
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the “Breathing” Phase Transformation of MOF Nanocrystallites
Creators: name: Keupp, Julian
name: Schmid, Rochus
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract The displacive phase transformation of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), referred to as “breathing,” is computationally investigated intensively within periodic boundary conditions (PBC). In contrast, the first-principles parameterized force field MOF-FF is used to investigate the thermal- and pressure-induced transformations for non-periodic nanocrystallites of DMOF-1 (Zn2(bdc)2(dabco); bdc: 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate; dabco: 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) as a model system to investigate the effect of the PBC approximation on the systems' kinetics and thermodynamics and to assess whether size effects can be captured by this kind of simulation. By the heating of differently sized closed pore nanocrystallites, a spontaneous opening is observed with an interface between the closed and open pore phase moving rapidly through the system. The nucleation temperature for the opening transition rises with size. By enforcing the phase transition with a distance restraint, the free energy can be quantified via umbrella sampling. The apparent barrier is substantially lower than for a concerted process under PBC. Interestingly, the barrier reduces with the size of the nanocrystallite, indicating a hindering surface effect. The results demonstrate that the actual free energy barriers and the importance of surface effects for the transformation under real conditions can only be studied beyond PBC.
Gold-Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Diyne Cyclizations via 1,6-Carbene Transfer
Creators: name: Wang, Qian
name: Rudolph, Matthias
name: Rominger, Frank
name: Hashmi, A. Stephen K.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract A vinyl/α-oxo carbene is generated via an α-oxo carbene formation and subsequently transferred across the second alkyne. These highly active species can react with nitriles in an intermolecular fashion to provide substituted oxazoles. This methodology goes through 1,6-carbene shift and offers a range of valuable products. image
Forming-Free Grain Boundary Engineered Hafnium Oxide Resistive Random Access Memory Devices
Creators: name: Petzold, Stefan
name: Zintler, Alexander
name: Eilhardt, Robert
name: Piros, Eszter
name: Kaiser, Nico
name: Sharath, Sankaramangalam Ulhas
name: Vogel, Tobias
name: Major, Márton
name: McKenna, Keith Patrick
name: Molina-Luna, Leopoldo
name: Alff, Lambert
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract A model device based on an epitaxial stack combination of titanium nitride (111) and monoclinic hafnia (111¯) is grown onto a c-cut Al2O3-substrate to target the role of grain boundaries in resistive switching. The texture transfer results in 120° in-plane rotated m-HfO2 grains, and thus, in a defined subset of allowed grain boundary orientations of high symmetry. These engineered grain boundaries thread the whole dielectric layer, thereby providing predefined breakdown paths for electroforming-free resistive random access memory devices. Combining X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM)–based localized automated crystal orientation mapping (ACOM), a nanoscale picture of crystal growth and grain boundary orientation is obtained. High-resolution STEM reveals low-energy grain boundaries with facing (1¯1¯2¯) and (1¯21) surfaces. The uniform distribution of forming voltages below 2 V—within the operation regime—and the stable switching voltages indicates reduced intra- and device-to-device variation in grain boundary engineered hafnium-oxide-based random access memory devices.
Scale dependence of $f_{NL}$ in N-flation
Creators: name: Huang, Qing-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Adopting the horizon-crossing approximation, we derive the spectral index of $f_{NL}$ in general N-flation model. Axion N-flation model is taken as a typical model for generating a large $f_{NL}$ which characterizes the size of local form bispectrum. We find that its tilt $n_{f_{NL}}$ is negligibly small when all inflatons have the same potential, but a negative detectable $n_{f_{NL}}$ can be achieved in the axion N-flation with different decay constants for different inflatons. The measurement of $n_{f_{NL}}$ can be used to support or falsify the axion N-flation in the near future.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures; a subsection with detectable scale dependence of f_NL added; more discussions added and version accepted for publication in JCAP
Drying Dynamics of Solution-Processed Perovskite Thin-Film Photovoltaics: In Situ Characterization, Modeling, and Process Control
Creators: name: Ternes, Simon
name: Börnhorst, Tobias
name: Schwenzer, Jonas A.
name: Hossain, Ihteaz M.
name: Abzieher, Tobias
name: Mehlmann, Waldemar
name: Lemmer, Uli
name: Scharfer, Philip
name: Schabel, Wilhelm
name: Richards, Bryce S.
name: Paetzold, Ulrich W.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract A key challenge for the commercialization of perovskite photovoltaics is the transfer of high-quality spin coated perovskite thin-films toward applying industry-scale thin-film deposition techniques, such as slot-die coating, spray coating, screen printing, or inkjet printing. Due to the complexity of the formation of polycrystalline perovskite thin-films from the precursor solution, efficient strategies for process transfer require advancing the understanding of the involved dynamic processes. This work investigates the fundamental interrelation between the drying dynamics of the precursor solution thin-film and the quality of the blade coated polycrystalline perovskite thin-films. Precisely defined drying conditions are established using a temperature-stabilized drying channel purged with a laminar flow of dry air. The dedicated channel is equipped with laser reflectometry at multiple probing positions, allowing for in situ monitoring of the perovskite solution thin-film thickness during the drying process. Based on the drying dynamics as measured at varying drying parameters, namely at varying temperature and laminar air flow velocity, a quantitative model on the drying of perovskite thin-films is derived. This model enables process transfer to industry-scale deposition systems beyond brute force optimization. Via this approach, homogeneous and pinhole-free blade coated perovskite thin-films are fabricated, demonstrating high power conversion efficiencies of up to 19.5% (17.3% stabilized) in perovskite solar cells.
Biomedical Applications of DNA-Based Hydrogels
Creators: name: Ga?Anin, Jasmina
name: Synatschke, Christopher V.
name: Weil, Tanja
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Nucleic acids are gaining significant attention as versatile building blocks for the next generation of soft materials. Due to significant advances in the chemical synthesis and biotechnological production, DNA becomes more widely available enabling its usage as bulk material in various applications. This has prompted researchers to actively explore the unique features offered by DNA-containing materials like hydrogels. In this review article, recent developments in the field of hydrogels that feature DNA as a component either in the construction of the material or as functional unit within the construct and their biomedical applications are discussed in detail. First, different synthetic approaches for obtaining DNA hydrogels are summarized, which allows classification of DNA materials according to their structure. Then, new concepts, properties, and applications are highlighted such as DNA-based biosensor devices, drug delivery platforms, and cell scaffolds. With the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine being awarded to cancer immunotherapy underscoring the importance of this therapy, DNA hydrogel systems designed to modulate the immune system are introduced. This review aims to give the reader a timely overview of the most important and recent developments in this emerging class of therapeutically useful materials of DNA-based hydrogels.
Measurement of valley splitting in high-symmetry Si/SiGe quantum dots
Creators: name: Borselli, Matthew G.
name: Ross, Richard S.
name: Kiselev, Andrey A.
name: Croke, Edward T.
name: Holabird, Kevin S.
name: Deelman, Peter W.
name: Warren, Leslie D.
name: Alvarado-Rodriguez, Ivan
name: Milosavljevic, Ivan
name: Ku, Fiona C.
name: Wong, Wah S.
name: Schmitz, Adele E.
name: Sokolich, Marko
name: Gyure, Mark F.
name: Hunter, Andrew T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have demonstrated few-electron quantum dots in Si/SiGe and InGaAs, with occupation number controllable from N = 0. These display a high degree of spatial symmetry and identifiable shell structure. Magnetospectroscopy measurements show that two Si-based devices possess a singlet N =2 ground state at low magnetic field and therefore the two-fold valley degeneracy is lifted. The valley splittings in these two devices were 120 and 270 μeV, suggesting the presence of atomically sharp interfaces in our heterostructures.
description: 3 pages, 3 figures
Integrating Combinatorial Reasoning and Continuous Methods for Optimal Motion Planning of Autonomous Vehicles
Creators: name: Tas, Ömer Sahin
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2014
Subjects: Motion planning
combinatorial reasoning
autonomous driving
continuous methods
nonlinear optimization
path-velocity decomposition

description: Motion planning involves deciding among combinatorial options. Local, continuous methods can yield global optimal solutions only in absence of such options. In order to attain global optimal solutions in real world traffic, integration of combinatorial reasoning into continuous methods is required. This work introduces the necessary constraints on the planner to restrain the motion into distinct combinations and compares the results of complete planning and path-velocity decomposed planning.
Detection of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer patients using the GILUPI CellCollector: results from a prospective, single-center study
Creators: name: Dizdar, Levent
name: Fluegen, Georg
name: Van Dalum, Guus
name: Honisch, Ellen
name: Neves, Rui P.
name: Niederacher, Dieter
name: Neubauer, Hans
name: Fehm, Tanja
name: Rehders, Alexander
name: Krieg, Andreas
name: Knoefel, Wolfram T.
name: Stoecklein, Nikolas H.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: The GILUPI CellCollector (CC) is a novel in vivo circulating tumor cell (CTC) detection device reported to overcome the limitations of small blood sample volumes. The aim of this prospective, blinded study was to evaluate the clinical application of the CC and to compare its performance to the CellSearch (CS) system in M0 and M1 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. A total of 80 patients (31 M0, 49 M1) with CRC were enrolled. CTCs were simultaneously measured in the peripheral blood using CS and the CC, and the results of both assays were correlated to clinicopathological variables and overall survival. The total number of detected CTCs and CTC-positive patients did not significantly differ between both assays. In the M0 patients, the CC detected CTCs more frequently than CS. There was no significant difference in total CTC numbers detected with the CC between M0 and M1 patients. In addition, no significant correlation with clinicopathological parameters or overall survival was observed with CC CTCs. In contrast, detection of CTCs with CS was significantly correlated with Union for International Cancer Control stage and reduced overall survival. There was no correlation between CTCs detected by the CC and the CS system. Using in silico analysis, we estimate that CC screens a volume of 0.33–18 mL during in vivo application, in contrast to much higher volumes reported elsewhere. In conclusion, while being safe and easy to use, the CC did not outperform CS in terms of CTC yield or sensitivity. While CTC detection in M0 CRC patients was significantly increased with the CC, the clinical relevance of these CTCs appears inferior to the cells identified by the CS system.
Gravitational wave background from binary systems
Creators: name: Rosado, Pablo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Basic aspects of the background of gravitational waves and its mathematical characterization are reviewed. The spectral energy density parameter $Ω(f)$, commonly used as a quantifier of the background, is derived for an ensemble of many identical sources emitting at different times and locations. For such an ensemble, $Ω(f)$ is generalized to account for the duration of the signals and of the observation, so that one can distinguish the resolvable and unresolvable parts of the background. The unresolvable part, often called confusion noise or stochastic background, is made by signals that cannot be either individually identified or subtracted out of the data. To account for the resolvability of the background, the overlap function is introduced. This function is a generalization of the duty cycle, which has been commonly used in the literature, in some cases leading to incorrect results. The spectra produced by binary systems (stellar binaries and massive black hole binaries) are presented over the frequencies of all existing and planned detectors. A semi-analytical formula for $Ω(f)$ is derived in the case of stellar binaries (containing white dwarfs, neutron stars or stellar-mass black holes). Besides a realistic expectation of the level of background, upper and lower limits are given, to account for the uncertainties in some astrophysical parameters such as binary coalescence rates. One interesting result concerns all current and planned ground-based detectors (including the Einstein Telescope). In their frequency range, the background of binaries is resolvable and only sporadically present. In other words, there is no stochastic background of binaries for ground-based detectors.
description: 30 pages, 16 figures
The Conley conjecture for the cotangent bundle
Creators: name: Hein, Doris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove the Conley conjecture for cotangent bundles of oriented, closed manifolds, and Hamiltonians which are quadratic at infinity, i.e., we show that such Hamiltonians have infinitely many periodic orbits. For the conservative systems, similar results have been proved by Lu and Mazzucchelli using convex Hamiltonians and Lagrangian methods. Our proof uses Floer homological methods from Ginzburg's proof of the Conley Conjecture for closed symplectically aspherical manifolds.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, version 2: some corrected typos and added references, one added remark on possible generalization
Effect of Electrolyte Additives on the LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 Surface Film Formation with Lithium and Graphite Negative Electrodes
Creators: name: Hekmatfar, Maral
name: Hasa, Ivana
name: Eghbal, Ramtin
name: Carvalho, Diogo V.
name: Moretti, Arianna
name: Passerini, Stefano
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract The effect of various electrolyte additives (fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), vinylene carbonate (VC), and propane sultone (PS)) on the performance of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC532) electrodes in combination with lithium (half-cell) and graphite (full-cell) negative electrodes, is herein reported. The cathode/electrolyte interface (CEI) layer formed on the NMC532 electrode cycled up to 4.5 V versus Li+/Li is investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This allows correlating the electrochemical performance of the electrodes to the CEI chemical composition, thickness, and morphology. All the investigated electrolyte additives exhibit beneficial effects in half- and full-cell systems, confirming the effective passivation layer formation protecting the electrolyte from further decomposition at high voltages. It is found that the thickness of the CEI layer forming on the NMC532 electrodes in half- and full-cell configuration is different. VC and PS are found to be the best additives to enhance the performance mainly due to their positive contribution to the CEI formation. The solid/electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed on the graphite electrode is also investigated and compared to the CEI layer formed on the cathode. The detection of typical SEI reduction products on the positive electrode surface confirms the occurrence of cross-talking between the two electrodes.
In Situ Induction of Strain in Iron Phosphide (FeP2) Catalyst for Enhanced Hydroxide Adsorption and Water Oxidation
Creators: name: Li, Guowei
name: Yang, Qun
name: Rao, Jiancun
name: Fu, Chenguang
name: Liou, Sz-Chian
name: Auffermann, Gudrun
name: Sun, Yan
name: Felser, Claudia
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: Abstract Carbon-based materials have been widely used in heterogeneous catalysis because of their advantages of high surface area, thermal stability, and chemical inertness. However, their role in the catalysis is not fully understood although most studies conclude that the coupling between the carbon support and catalyst could reduce the charge transfer resistance and improve the kinetics of catalytic reactions such as water splitting. In this study, a carbon-modified FeP2 electrocatalyst with a one-step strategy is synthesized. The tensile strain is introduced in situ in the ab crystal plane of the FeP2 catalyst. This leads to charge redistribution between H and O atoms in the OH bonds and enhances the adsorption of reaction intermediates. In the water oxidation process, this results in a decrease in the energy barrier for the rate-determining step, specifically, the chemical step of *OH adsorption preceded by one-electron transfer. Benefiting from the optimized adsorption energy, the strained catalysts exhibit excellent oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity with a low overpotential in addition to their increased stability. This study provides a new strategy for the introducing of strains in functional materials and provides new insights into the influence of carbon modification on OER activity.
Quantification and elucidation of the UV-light triggered initiation kinetics of TPO and BAPO in liquid acrylate monomer
Creators: name: Ruhland, Klaus
name: Habibollahi, Fereshteh
name: Horny, Robert
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: ABSTRACT The initiation kinetics of two important UV-light-triggered initiators for the radical polymerization [diphenyl-2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl phosphine oxide (TPO) and phenyl-bis(2,4,6-trimethyl benzoyl) phosphine oxide (BAPO)] has been quantified in dependence on the initiator concentration (0.25–2 mol %), the light intensity at 365 nm (0–2000 mW cm−2), the thickness of the sample (50–200 μm), the temperature (25–80 °C), the monomer [2-ethyl hexyl acrylate (EHA) and 2-ethyl hexyl methacrylate (EHMA)] and the atmosphere (oxygen free and air) directly in the liquid acrylate monomer. The determination of the kinetic parameters was done by applying two independent procedures: (1) following the initiator decay with respect to the irradiation time, evaluated by radiometric measurements of the UV-light absorption at 365 nm and (2) via titration of the initiation process by using defined under-stoichiometric to stoichiometric amounts of TEMPO as inhibitor, evaluated by means of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. The validity of the titration procedure was proven by means of 13C and 31P NMR studies of 13C-labeled TPO and was explained by a Lewis acid/base interaction between the carbonyl carbon of the initiator and the oxygen of TEMPO. Both methods resulted in very close kinetic parameters. Thus, reliable values for the extinction coefficients ε365 at 365 nm, for the effective rate constants of the α cleavage kα′ (containing the quantum yield and the initiator efficiency) when dissolved in the liquid monomer could be provided for both initiators for the first time. The effect of dioxygen quenching in dependence of sample thickness and the temperature dependence on the initiation step were evaluated. EHA was compared with EHMA as liquid monomer, and a yet unmentioned inhibition in case of EHMA was discovered. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48357.
Adaptive Lanczos-vector method for dynamic properties within the density-matrix renormalization group
Creators: name: Dargel, P. E.
name: Honecker, A.
name: Peters, R.
name: Noack, R. M.
name: Pruschke, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current widely-used approaches to calculate spectral functions using the density-matrix renormalization group in frequency space either necessarily include an artificial broadening (correction-vector method) or have limited resolution (time-domain density-matrix renormalization group with Fourier transform method). Here we propose an adaptive Lanczos-vector method to calculate the coefficients of a continued fraction expansion of the spectral function iteratively. We show that one can obtain a very accurate representation of the spectral function very efficiently, and that one can also directly extract the spectral weights and poles for the discrete system. As a test case, we study spinless fermions in one dimension and compare our approach to the correction vector method.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted at Phys. Rev. B (RC)
Oil Droplet Impact Dynamics in Aero-Engine Bearing Chambers - Correlations derived from Direct Numerical Simulations
Creators: name: Peduto, Davide
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015
Subjects: Volume-of-Fluid
Adaptive Mesh Refinement
Droplet Impact
Crown Splashing
Aero-Engine Bearing Chambers

description: The understanding of the two-phase flow in bearing chambers is crucial for an efficient and reliable operation of future aero-engines. This scientific report investigates the oil droplet impact dynamics for typical impingement regimes relevant to bearing chambers. The application of a Direct Numerical Simulation based on the Volume-of-Fluid method and coupled with an adaptive mesh refinement technique allowed to gain new insights into these dynamics to date not reported in scientific literature.
Determining the squark mass at the LHC
Creators: name: Barger, Vernon
name: Gao, Yu
name: Lessa, Andre
name: Tata, Xerxes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new way to determine the squark mass based on the shape of di-jet invariant mass distribution of supersymmetry (SUSY) di-jet events at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Our algorithm, which is based on event kinematics, requires that the branching ratio $B(\tilde{q} \rightarrow q \tilde{z}_1)$ is substantial for at least some types of squarks, and that $m_{\tilde{z}_1}^2/m_{\tilde{q}}^2 \ll 1$. We select di-jet events with no isolated leptons, and impose cuts on the total jet transverse energy, $E_T^{tot}=E_T(j_1)+E_T(j_2)$, on $α= E_T(j_2)/m_{jj}$, and on the azimuthal angle between the two jets to reduce SM backgrounds. The shape of the resulting di-jet mass distribution depends sensitively on the squark mass, especially if the integrated luminosity is sufficient to allow a hard enough cut on $E_T^{tot}$ and yet leave a large enough signal to obtain the $m_{jj}$ distribution. We simulate the signal and Standard Model (SM) backgrounds for 100 fb$^{-1}$ integrated luminosity at 14 TeV requiring $E_T^{tot}> 700$ GeV. We show that it should be possible to extract $m_{\tilde{q}}$ to within about 3% at 95% CL --- similar to the precision obtained using $m_{T2}$ --- from the di-jet mass distribution if $m_{\tilde{q}} \sim 650$ GeV, or to within $\sim 5$% if $m_{\tilde{q}}\sim 1$ TeV.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures. Footnote added, updated references
Non-abelian anyons from degenerate Landau levels of ultracold atoms in artificial gauge potentials
Creators: name: Burrello, Michele
name: Trombettoni, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that non-abelian potentials acting on ultracold gases with two hyperfine levels can give rise to ground states with non-abelian excitations. We consider a realistic gauge potential for which the Landau levels can be exactly determined: the non-abelian part of the vector potential makes the Landau levels non-degenerate. In the presence of strong repulsive interactions, deformed Laughlin ground states occur in general. However, at the degeneracy points of the Landau levels, non-abelian quantum Hall states appear: these ground states, including deformed Moore-Read states (characterized by Ising anyons as quasi-holes), are studied for both fermionic and bosonic gases.
description: Published version
Sprouting of oats: A new approach to quantify compositional changes
Creators: name: Krapf, Julia
name: Kandzia, Franziska
name: Brühan, Juliane
name: Walther, Goeran
name: Flöter, Eckhard
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2019

description: Abstract Background and objectives The aim of this research was to gain a deeper insight into the effect caused by the addition of sprouted oat to food products. The effect of temperature and duration of the sprouting process was systematically studied by sprouting oat grains between 10 and 30°C for up to 3 days. Findings Overall, it was found that temperatures between 20 and 25°C yield the most dramatic changes in the properties of sprouted oats. Based on the data, a simple system to characterize the sprouting progress by a visual inspection of the lengths of the coleoptile and radicles was developed. This degree of sprouting (DoS) was correlated with further grain properties. Conclusions It was found that an exponential relationship between the DoS and grain properties existed. Furthermore, the observed increase in the reducing sugar content (up to 14.6 g/100 g) with increasing DoS was closely related to the increase in α-amylase activity (up to 25 U/g). Significance and novelty The good predictive power found indicates that the application of the concept degree of sprouting could develop into a reliable characterization method for sprouted grains usable for product development and specification.
Numerical Analysis of the Electro-Magnetic Perfectly Matched Layer in a Discontinuous Galerkin Discretization
Creators: name: Schulz, Andreas
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2015
Subjects: Maxwell's equations
discontinuous Galerkin method
perfectly matched layer
parameter determination
error analysis

description: This work is devoted to the numerical analysis of time-domain linear Maxwell's equations in a discontinuous Galerkin discretization. We focus on Berenger's perfectly matched layer and have a detailed look at construction, well-posedness, and semi-discrete error analysis. We present an analytic solution to the system, that can be utilized to efficiently determine optimal parameter values for the layer and state a way to avoid an exponential growth in time of the semi-discrete error bound.
Charm annihilation effects on the hyperfine splitting in charmonium
Creators: name: Levkova, L.
name: DeTar, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In calculations of the hyperfine splitting in charmonium, the contributions of the disconnected diagrams are considered small and are typically ignored. We aim to estimate nonperturbatively the size of the resulting correction, which may eventually be needed in high precision calculations of the charmonium spectrum. We study this problem in the quenched and unquenched QCD cases. On dynamical ensembles the disconnected charmonium propagators contain light modes which complicate the extraction of the signal at large distances. In the fully quenched case, where there are no such light modes, the interpretation of the signal is simplified. We present results from lattices with $a\approx 0.09$ fm and $a\approx 0.06$ fm.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures and 4 tables
Joint Trends in Flood Magnitudes and Spatial Extents Across Europe
Creators: name: Kemter, Matthias
name: Merz, Bruno
name: Marwan, Norbert
name: Vorogushyn, Sergiy
name: Blöschl, Günter
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: The magnitudes of river floods in Europe have been observed to change, but their alignment with changes in the spatial coverage or extent of individual floods has not been clear. We analyze flood magnitudes and extents for 3,872 hydrometric stations across Europe over the past five decades and classify each flood based on antecedent weather conditions. We find positive correlations between flood magnitudes and extents for 95% of the stations. In central Europe and the British Isles, the association of increasing trends in magnitudes and extents is due to a magnitude-extent correlation of precipitation and soil moisture along with a shift in the flood generating processes. The alignment of trends in flood magnitudes and extents highlights the increasing importance of transnational flood risk management.
Near-Complete Local Reduction of Arctic Stratospheric Ozone by Severe Chemical Loss in Spring 2020
Creators: name: Wohltmann, I.
name: Von Der Gathen, P.
name: Lehmann, R.
name: Maturilli, M.
name: Deckelmann, H.
name: Manney, G. L.
name: Davies, J.
name: Tarasick, D.
name: Jepsen, N.
name: Kivi, R.
name: Lyall, N.
name: Rex, M.
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2020

description: In the Antarctic ozone hole, ozone mixing ratios have been decreasing to extremely low values of 0.01–0.1 ppm in nearly all spring seasons since the late 1980s, corresponding to 95–99% local chemical loss. In contrast, Arctic ozone loss has been much more limited and mixing ratios have never before fallen below 0.5 ppm. In Arctic spring 2020, however, ozonesonde measurements in the most depleted parts of the polar vortex show a highly depleted layer, with ozone loss averaged over sondes peaking at 93% at 18 km. Typical minimum mixing ratios of 0.2 ppm were observed, with individual profiles showing values as low as 0.13 ppm (96% loss). The reason for the unprecedented chemical loss was an unusually strong, long-lasting, and cold polar vortex, showing that for individual winters the effect of the slow decline of ozone-depleting substances on ozone depletion may be counteracted by low temperatures.
Tsallis mapping in growing complex networks with fitness
Creators: name: Su, Guifeng
name: Zhang, Xiaobing
name: Zhang, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce Tsallis mapping in Bianconi-Barabási (B-B) fitness model of growing networks. This mapping addresses the dynamical behavior of the fitness model within the framework of nonextensive statistics mechanics, which is characterized by a dimensionless nonextensivity parameter $q$. It is found that this new phenomenological parameter plays an important role in the evolution of networks: the underlying evolving networks may undergo a different phases depending on the $q$ exponents, comparing to the original B-B fitness model, and the corresponding critical transition "temperature" is identified.
Spatio-temporal structure of cell distribution in cortical Bone Multicellular Units: a mathematical model
Creators: name: Buenzli, Pascal R
name: Pivonka, Peter
name: Smith, David W
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Cell Behavior (q-bio.CB)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bone remodelling maintains the functionality of skeletal tissue by locally coordinating bone-resorbing cells (osteoclasts) and bone-forming cells (osteoblasts) in the form of Bone Multicellular Units (BMUs). Understanding the emergence of such structured units out of the complex network of biochemical interactions between bone cells is essential to extend our fundamental knowledge of normal bone physiology and its disorders. To this end, we propose a spatio-temporal continuum model that integrates some of the most important interaction pathways currently known to exist between cells of the osteoblastic and osteoclastic lineage. This mathematical model allows us to test the significance and completeness of these pathways based on their ability to reproduce the spatio-temporal dynamics of individual BMUs. We show that under suitable conditions, the experimentally-observed structured cell distribution of cortical BMUs is retrieved. The proposed model admits travelling-wave-like solutions for the cell densities with tightly organised profiles, corresponding to the progression of a single remodelling BMU. The shapes of these spatial profiles within the travelling structure can be linked to the intrinsic parameters of the model such as differentiation and apoptosis rates for bone cells. In addition to the cell distribution, the spatial distribution of regulatory factors can also be calculated. This provides new insights on how different regulatory factors exert their action on bone cells leading to cellular spatial and temporal segregation, and functional coordination.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures; v2: Completed model description after Eq. (16), clarified discussion/description after Eq. (23), between Eqs. (29)-(31), and in 2nd bullet point in conclusions