cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Private, fair and accurate: Training large-scale, privacy-preserving AI models in medical imaging
Creators: name: Arasteh, Soroosh Tayebi
name: Ziller, Alexander
name: Kuhl, Christiane
name: Makowski, Marcus
name: Nebelung, Sven
name: Braren, Rickmer
name: Rueckert, Daniel
name: Truhn, Daniel
name: Kaissis, Georgios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial intelligence (AI) models are increasingly used in the medical domain. However, as medical data is highly sensitive, special precautions to ensure its protection are required. The gold standard for privacy preservation is the introduction of differential privacy (DP) to model training. Prior work indicates that DP has negative implications on model accuracy and fairness, which are unacceptable in medicine and represent a main barrier to the widespread use of privacy-preserving techniques. In this work, we evaluated the effect of privacy-preserving training of AI models regarding accuracy and fairness compared to non-private training. For this, we used two datasets: (1) A large dataset (N=193,311) of high quality clinical chest radiographs, and (2) a dataset (N=1,625) of 3D abdominal computed tomography (CT) images, with the task of classifying the presence of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Both were retrospectively collected and manually labeled by experienced radiologists. We then compared non-private deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and privacy-preserving (DP) models with respect to privacy-utility trade-offs measured as area under the receiver-operator-characteristic curve (AUROC), and privacy-fairness trade-offs, measured as Pearson's r or Statistical Parity Difference. We found that, while the privacy-preserving trainings yielded lower accuracy, they did largely not amplify discrimination against age, sex or co-morbidity. Our study shows that -- under the challenging realistic circumstances of a real-life clinical dataset -- the privacy-preserving training of diagnostic deep learning models is possible with excellent diagnostic accuracy and fairness.
description: Published in Communications Medicine. Nature Portfolio
The most massive black holes on the Fundamental Plane of Black Hole Accretion
Creators: name: Mezcua, M.
name: Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.
name: Lucey, J. R.
name: Hogan, M. T.
name: Edge, A. C.
name: McNamara, B. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform a detailed study of the location of brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs) on the fundamental plane of black hole (BH) accretion, which is an empirical correlation between a BH X-ray and radio luminosity and mass supported by theoretical models of accretion. The sample comprises 72 BCGs out to $z\sim0.3$ and with reliable nuclear X-ray and radio luminosities. These are found to correlate as $L_\mathrm{X} \propto L_\mathrm{R}^{0.75 \pm 0.08}$, favoring an advection-dominated accretion flow as the origin of the X-ray emission. BCGs are found to be on average offset from the fundamental plane such that their BH masses seem to be underestimated by the $M_\mathrm{BH}-M_\mathrm{K}$ relation a factor $\sim$10. The offset is not explained by jet synchrotron cooling and is independent of emission process or amount of cluster gas cooling. Those core-dominated BCGs are found to be more significantly offset than those with weak core radio emission. For BCGs to on average follow the fundamental plane, a large fraction ($\sim40\%$) should have BH masses $> 10^{10}$ M$_{\odot}$ and thus host ultramassive BHs. The local BH-galaxy scaling relations would not hold for these extreme objects. The possible explanations for their formation, either via a two-phase process (the BH formed first, the galaxy grows later) or as descendants of high-z seed BHs, challenge the current paradigm of a synchronized galaxy-BH growth.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 22 pages, 12 figures
Lettre de Michel-Etienne David à Jean-François Séguier, 1784-03-31
Creators: name: David, Michel-Etienne
name: Michel-Etienne David
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2021
Subjects: Librairie

description: [transcription] Aix, 31e mars 1784.
Monsieur,

Je vous ai adressé aujourd’hui par la messagerie un paquet de toile cirée contenant un exemplaire du tome 3e de l’histoire de Provence du P. Papon. Je l’ai fait brocher pour que vous puissiez le lire à son arrivée. Il ne me faut pour cela aucun déboursé et l’honneur de votre lettre m’aurait bien plus flatté si elle n’avait pas été affranchie.
J’ai toujours un grand assortiment de vieux livres dans toutes les langues et sur toutes les matières. Je suis seul et sans commis pour un commerce assez vaste qui ne me donne jamais la liberté [fol. 129 v] et le temps qu’il faudrait pour faire un catalogue de cinq salles remplies de livres. D’ailleurs, il faudrait effacer et augmenter toute l’année. Je réponds exactement aux demandes des amateurs. Si vous désirez quelques ouvrages, faites-moi l’honneur de m’en donner la note. Si je ne les ai pas, je ferai mon possible pour vous le procurer, charmé de pouvoir par mon zèle vous démontrer combien je suis reconnaissant de l’estime que vous voulez m’accorder.
J’ai l’honneur d’être avec la plus haute considération, Monsieur, votre très humble et très obéissant serviteur.

David.
Je prends la liberté de cachetter ma lettre avec une pierre gravée dont l'inspection pourra vous faire plaisir.
description: Source: [lieu de Conservation] Nîmes, Bibliothèque Carré d'Art [cote]ms. 147_7, fol. 129
description: Source: ark:/12148/btv1b10015295d
Propagating waves in an extremal black string
Creators: name: Lee, H. W.
name: Myung, Y. S.
name: Kim, Jin Young
name: Park, D. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the black string in the context of the string theories. It is shown that the graviton is the only propagating mode in the (2+1)--dimensional extremal black string background. Both the dilation and axion turn out to be non-propagating modes.
description: Minor corrections, 11 pages in ReVTeX, no figures
Volumetric kinetic assessment in dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) of breast cancer: A new method for evaluation of whole tumor enhancing pattern
Creators: name: Jatuporn Chayakulkheeree
name: Krittika Tongin
name: Darunee Boonjunwetwat
Publisher: name: Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Breast MRI, breast cancer, volumetric kinetic assessment, color coded breast MRI

description: Chulalongkorn Medical Journal, 64, 1, 047-053
Pressure-induced topological phase transition in LaSb: First-principles study
Creators: name: Guo, Peng-Jie
name: Yang, Huan-Cheng
name: Liu, Kai
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By using first-principles electronic structure calculations, we predict that the extreme magnetoresistance (XMR) material LaSb takes a topological phase transition without breaking any symmetry under a hydrostatic pressure applied between 3 and 4 GPa, meanwhile the electron-hole compensation remains in its electronic band structure. Thus LaSb provides an ideal platform for studying the individual role of topological property playing in the XMR phenomenon, in addition to the electron-hole compensation. This has general implication to the relationship of XMR effect and topological property in topological materials.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables
Student is perceptions of the use of Digital Formative Assessment tools on a Contemporary Sexuality Course at Walailak University, Thailand
Creators: name: ผศ.ดร.สุธัญญา ด้วงอินทร์
Publisher: name: มหาวิทยาลัยวลัยลักษณ์
Year: 2019
Subjects: Student is perceptions
Digital Formative Assessment Tools
Contemporary Sexuality
Experiential Learning

description: วารสารนวัตกรรมการเรียนรู้ มหาวิทยาลัยวลัยลักษณ์, 5, 2, 65-84
Model Stitching and Visualization How GAN Generators can Invert Networks in Real-Time
Creators: name: Herdt, Rudolf
name: Schmidt, Maximilian
name: Baguer, Daniel Otero
name: Arrastia, Jean Le'Clerc
name: Maass, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this work, we propose a fast and accurate method to reconstruct activations of classification and semantic segmentation networks by stitching them with a GAN generator utilizing a 1x1 convolution. We test our approach on images of animals from the AFHQ wild dataset, ImageNet1K, and real-world digital pathology scans of stained tissue samples. Our results show comparable performance to established gradient descent methods but with a processing time that is two orders of magnitude faster, making this approach promising for practical applications.
An analysis on a supersymmetric chiral gauge theory with no flat direction
Creators: name: Kitazawa, Noriaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low energy effective theory of the N=1 supersymmetric SU(5) gauge theory with chiral superfields in the 5* and 10 representations is constructed. Instead of postulating the confinement of SU(5) (confining picture), only the confinement of its subgroup SU(4) is postulated (Higgs picture), and the effective fields are SU(4)-singlet but SU(5)-variant. The classical scalar potential which ensures unique supersymmetric vacuum at the classical level is incorporated into the Kaehler potential of the effective fields. We show that supersymmetry and all other global symmetry are spontaneously broken. The scales of these symmetry breaking and the particle spectrum including Nambu-Goldstone particles are explicitly calculated, and no large scale hierarchy is found.
description: 20 pages, uses revtex.sty
Estimation of liquefaction-induced lateral spread from numerical modeling and its application
Creators: name: Meng, Xianhong
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Geotechnology
subject: Geophysical
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: A noncoupled numerical procedure was developed using a scheme of pore water generation that causes shear modulus degradation and shear strength degradation resulting from earthquake cyclic motion. The designed Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC) model procedure was tested using the liquefaction-induced lateral spread and ground response for Wildlife and Kobe sites. Sixteen well-documented case histories of lateral spread were reviewed and modeled using the modeling procedure. The dynamic residual strength ratios were back-calculated by matching the predicted displacement with the measured lateral spread, or with the displacement predicted by the Yound et al. model. Statistical analysis on the modeling results and soil properties show that most significant parameters governing the residual strength of the liquefied soil are the SPT blow count, fine content and soil particle size of the lateral spread layer. A regression equation was developed to express the residual strength values with these soil properties. Overall, this research demonstrated that a calibrated numerical model can predict the first order effectiveness of liquefaction-induced lateral spread using relatively simple parameters obtained from routine geotechnical investigation. In addition, the model can be used to plan a soil improvement program for cases where liquefaction remediation is needed. This allows the model to be used for design purposes at bridge approaches structured on liquefiable materials.
Generation of the Complete Four-dimensional Bell Basis
Creators: name: Wang, Feiran
name: Erhard, Manuel
name: Babazadeh, Amin
name: Malik, Mehul
name: Krenn, Mario
name: Zeilinger, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Bell basis is a distinctive set of maximally entangled two-particle quantum states that forms the foundation for many quantum protocols such as teleportation, dense coding and entanglement swapping. While the generation, manipulation, and measurement of two-level quantum states is well understood, the same is not true in higher dimensions. Here we present the experimental generation of a complete set of Bell states in a four-dimensional Hilbert space, comprising of 16 orthogonal entangled Bell-like states encoded in the orbital angular momentum of photons. The states are created by the application of generalized high-dimensional Pauli gates on an initial entangled state. Our results pave the way for the application of high-dimensional quantum states in complex quantum protocols such as quantum dense coding.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Entrepreneurial Value Creation: Three Essays Examining How Entrepreneurs Create Value Under Conditions of Uncertainty
Creators: name: Angus, Ryan Winn
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Entrepreneurship
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Economic theory

description: This dissertation consists of three essays examining how entrepreneurs create value under conditions of uncertainty. The first essay theoretically examines the process of stakeholder enrollment through which entrepreneurs acquire critical resources for their endeavors under informational conditions of risk and uncertainty. The second essay uses text-based analysis methodologies to empirically examine how far entrepreneurial mobile application developers attempting to create value do, and should, pivot in response to performance feedback. The third essay uses text-based analysis methodologies to empirically examine the optimal level of differentiation from the prototypical and exemplar category members for apps published by de novo mobile application developers.
Additional file 4: of Transcriptional profiling of human bronchial epithelial cell BEAS-2B exposed to diesel and biomass ultrafine particles
Creators: name: Grilli, Andrea
name: Bengalli, Rossella
name: Longhin, Eleonora
name: Capasso, Laura
name: Proverbio, Maria
name: Forcato, Mattia
name: Bicciato, Silvio
name: Gualtieri, Maurizio
name: Battaglia, Cristina
name: Camatini, Marina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Computational Biology

description: Figure S3. Distributions of normalized cpm counts (in log2) for the 13.309 genes passing the expression filter. The uniform distribution of read counts across all 45 samples supports the elevate quality of sequencing data. Sample IDs are in Additional file 3: Table S1. (PDF 549Â kb)
Linear Optics C-Phase gate made simple
Creators: name: Kiesel, Nikolai
name: Schmid, Christian
name: Weber, Ulrich
name: Ursin, Rupert
name: Weinfurter, Harald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear optics quantum logic gates are the best tool to generate multi-photon entanglement. Simplifying a recent approach [Phys. Rev. A 65, 062324; Phys. Rev. A 66, 024308] we were able to implement the conditional phase gate with only one second order interference at a polarization dependent beam splitter, thereby significantly increasing its stability. The improved quality of the gate is evaluated by analysing its entangling capability and by performing full process tomography. The achieved results ensure that this device is well suited for implementation in various multi photon quantum information protocols.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Effects of noise on the overparametrization of quantum neural networks
Creators: name: García-Martín, Diego
name: Larocca, Martin
name: Cerezo, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Overparametrization is one of the most surprising and notorious phenomena in machine learning. Recently, there have been several efforts to study if, and how, Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) acting in the absence of hardware noise can be overparametrized. In particular, it has been proposed that a QNN can be defined as overparametrized if it has enough parameters to explore all available directions in state space. That is, if the rank of the Quantum Fisher Information Matrix (QFIM) for the QNN's output state is saturated. Here, we explore how the presence of noise affects the overparametrization phenomenon. Our results show that noise can "turn on" previously-zero eigenvalues of the QFIM. This enables the parametrized state to explore directions that were otherwise inaccessible, thus potentially turning an overparametrized QNN into an underparametrized one. For small noise levels, the QNN is quasi-overparametrized, as large eigenvalues coexists with small ones. Then, we prove that as the magnitude of noise increases all the eigenvalues of the QFIM become exponentially suppressed, indicating that the state becomes insensitive to any change in the parameters. As such, there is a pull-and-tug effect where noise can enable new directions, but also suppress the sensitivity to parameter updates. Finally, our results imply that current QNN capacity measures are ill-defined when hardware noise is present.
description: 14 + 6 pages, 11 figures
Two-dimensional magneto-optical trap as a source for cold strontium atoms
Creators: name: Nosske, Ingo
name: Couturier, Luc
name: Hu, Fachao
name: Tan, Canzhu
name: Qiao, Chang
name: Blume, Jan
name: Jiang, Y. H.
name: Chen, Peng
name: Weidemüller, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the realization of a transversely loaded two-dimensional magneto-optical trap serving as a source for cold strontium atoms. We analyze the dependence of the source's properties on various parameters, in particular the intensity of a pushing beam accelerating the atoms out of the source. An atomic flux exceeding $10^9\,\mathrm{atoms/s}$ at a rather moderate oven temperature of $500\,^\circ\mathrm{C}$ is achieved. The longitudinal velocity of the atomic beam can be tuned over several tens of m/s by adjusting the power of the pushing laser beam. The beam divergence is around $60$ mrad, determined by the transverse velocity distribution of the cold atoms. The slow atom source is used to load a three-dimensional magneto-optical trap realizing loading rates up to $10^9\,\mathrm{atoms/s}$ without indication of saturation of the loading rate for increasing oven temperature. The compact setup avoids undesired effects found in alternative sources like, e.g., Zeeman slowers, such as vacuum contamination and black-body radiation due to the hot strontium oven.
Thermal Dust Emission from Proplyds, Unresolved Disks, and Shocks in the Orion Nebula
Creators: name: Smith, Nathan
name: Bally, John
name: Shuping, Ralph Y.
name: Morris, Mark
name: Kassis, Marc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new 11.7 micron mosaic image of the Orion nebula obtained with T-ReCS on Gemini South. The map includes the BN/KL region, the Trapezium, and OMC-1 South. Excluding BN/KL, we detect 91 point sources, with 27 known proplyds and over 30 ``naked'' stars showing no extended structure in HST images. Within the region we surveyed, 80 percent of known proplyds show detectable emission, almost 40 percent of naked stars are detected at 11.7 micron, and the fraction of all visible sources with IR excess emission is roughly 50 percent. Thermal dust emission from stars with no extended structure in HST images means that they have dust disks comparable to the size of our solar system. Proplyds and stars with IR excess show a clear anti-correlation in their spatial distribution, with proplyds clustered close to theta1C, and other infrared sources found farther away. We suspect that the clustered proplyds trace the youngest 0.5 Myr age group associated with the Trapezium, while the more uniformly-distributed sources trace the older 1-2 Myr population of the ONC. This suggests that small disks persist for a few Myr in irradiated environments, and hints that hierarchical sub-clustering has been important. Within 30 arcsec of theta1C, all proplyds are detected at 11.7 micron. The star theta1D is associated with the most prominent mid-IR dust arc in the nebula. We propose that this arc is the consequence of theta1D being the closest member of the Trapezium to the background cloud. Finally, we detect dust emission from HH jets in Orion, including HH202, HH529, HH513, and HH514. This is the first detection of mid-IR continuum emission from dust in the body of a collimated HH jet or bow shock.
description: accepted by AJ. 27 pages, 11 figs, 4 color figs. If you actually want to see the figures, download this version: ftp://origins.colorado.edu/pub/nathans/smith.trecs.pdf
Long Baseline Neutrino Physics in the U.S
Creators: name: Kopp, Sacha E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long baseline neutrino oscillation physics in the U.S. is centered at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), in particular at the Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) beamline commissioned in 2004-2005. Already, the MINOS experiment has published its first results confirming the disappearance of $ν_μ$'s across a 735 km baseline. The forthcoming NO$ν$A experiment will search for the transition $ν_μ\toν_e$ and use this transition to understand the mass heirarchy of neutrinos. These, as well as other conceptual ideas for future experiments using the NuMI beam, will be discussed. The turn-on of the NuMI facility has been positive, with over 310 kW beam power achieved. Plans for increasing the beam intensity once the Main Injector accelerator is fully-dedicated to the neutrino program will be presented.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures. Plenary review talk at the Neutrino Oscillation Workshop (NOW2006), Sept. 2006, to be published in Nucl. Phys. B (Proc. Suppl.) -- revision to fix some typos
Enhancing Automatic Software Testing for Broader Applicability
Creators: name: Dimjasevic, Marko
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Computer science
Electrical engineering

description: In computer science, functional software testing is a method of ensuring that software gives expected output on specific inputs. Software testing is conducted to ensure desired levels of quality in light of uncertainty resulting from the complexity of software. Most of today's software is written by people and software development is a creative activity. However, due to the complexity of computer systems and software development processes, this activity leads to a mismatch between the expected software functionality and the implemented one. If not addressed in a timely and proper manner, this mismatch can cause serious consequences to users of the software, such as security and privacy breaches, financial loss, and adversarial human health issues. Because of manual effort, software testing is costly. Software testing that is performed without human intervention is automatic software testing and it is one way of addressing the issue. In this work, we build upon and extend several techniques for automatic software testing. The techniques do not require any guidance from the user. Goals that are achieved with the techniques are checking for yet unknown errors, automatically testing object-oriented software, and detecting malicious software. To meet these goals, we explored several techniques and related challenges: automatic test case generation, runtime verification, dynamic symbolic execution, and the type and size of test inputs for efficient detection of malicious software via machine learning. Our work targets software written in the Java programming language, though the techniques are general and applicable to other languages. We performed an extensive evaluation on freely available Java software projects, a flight collision avoidance system, and thousands of applications for the Android operating system. Evaluation results show to what extent dynamic symbolic execution is applicable in testing object-oriented software, they show correctness of the flight system on millions of automatically customized and generated test cases, and they show that simple and relatively small inputs in random testing can lead to effective malicious software detection.
Additional file 5: of Conservation of the separase regulatory domain
Creators: name: Melesse, Michael
name: Bembenek, Joshua
name: Zhulin, Igor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table: Conserved residues found within the N-terminal domain helices. Residues that are within interacting distance (as assayed by measuring a distance less than 6 Å (Å) between β-Carbons) are indicated. These residues are generally located within the same helix and don’t appear to be important for stabilizing inter-helix interactions. (PDF 29 kb)
Reducibility and Gribov Problem in Topological Quantum Field Theory
Creators: name: Zucchini, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In spite of its simplicity and beauty, the Mathai-Quillen formulation of cohomological topological quantum field theory with gauge symmetry suffers two basic problems: $i$) the existence of reducible field configurations on which the action of the gauge group is not free and $ii$) the Gribov ambiguity associated with gauge fixing, i. e. the lack of global definition on the space of gauge orbits of gauge fixed functional integrals. In this paper, we show that such problems are in fact related and we propose a general completely geometrical recipe for their treatment. The space of field configurations is augmented in such a way to render the action of the gauge group free and localization is suitably modified. In this way, the standard Mathai--Quillen formalism can be rigorously applied. The resulting topological action contains the ordinary action as a subsector and can be shown to yield a local quantum field theory, which is argued to be renormalizable as well. The salient feature of our method is that the Gribov problem is inherent in localization, and thus can be dealt with in a completely equivariant setting, whereas gauge fixing is free of Gribov ambiguities. For the stratum of irreducible gauge orbits, the case of main interest in applications, the Gribov problem is solvable. Conversely, for the the strata of reducible gauge orbits, the Gribov problem cannot be solved in general and the obstruction may be described in the language of sheaf theory. The formalism is applied to the Donaldson--Witten model.
description: 37 pages, Plain TeX, no figures, requires AMS font files AMSSYM.DEF and AMSSYM.TEX, final version to appear in CMP, minor changes
Fundamental Limitations of Cavity-assisted Atom Interferometry
Creators: name: Álvarez, Miguel Dovale
name: Brown, Daniel D
name: Jones, Aaron W
name: Mow-Lowry, Conor M
name: Miao, Haixing
name: Freise, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Atom interferometers employing optical cavities to enhance the beam splitter pulses promise significant advances in science and technology, notably for future gravitational wave detectors. Long cavities, on the scale of hundreds of meters, have been proposed in experiments aiming to observe gravitational waves with frequencies below 1 Hz, where laser interferometers, such as LIGO, have poor sensitivity. Alternatively, short cavities have also been proposed for enhancing the sensitivity of more portable atom interferometers. We explore the fundamental limitations of two-mirror cavities for atomic beam splitting, and establish upper bounds on the temperature of the atomic ensemble as a function of cavity length and three design parameters: the cavity g-factor, the bandwidth, and the optical suppression factor of the first and second order spatial modes. A lower bound to the cavity bandwidth is found which avoids elongation of the interaction time and maximizes power enhancement. An upper limit to cavity length is found for symmetric two-mirror cavities, restricting the practicality of long baseline detectors. For shorter cavities, an upper limit on the beam size was derived from the geometrical stability of the cavity. These findings aim to aid the design of current and future cavity-assisted atom interferometers.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures
Koopman-based generalization bound: New aspect for full-rank weights
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Yuka
name: Sonoda, Sho
name: Ishikawa, Isao
name: Nitanda, Atsushi
name: Suzuki, Taiji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose a new bound for generalization of neural networks using Koopman operators. Whereas most of existing works focus on low-rank weight matrices, we focus on full-rank weight matrices. Our bound is tighter than existing norm-based bounds when the condition numbers of weight matrices are small. Especially, it is completely independent of the width of the network if the weight matrices are orthogonal. Our bound does not contradict to the existing bounds but is a complement to the existing bounds. As supported by several existing empirical results, low-rankness is not the only reason for generalization. Furthermore, our bound can be combined with the existing bounds to obtain a tighter bound. Our result sheds new light on understanding generalization of neural networks with full-rank weight matrices, and it provides a connection between operator-theoretic analysis and generalization of neural networks.
Enhancing the Synthesizability of DP04 Polymerase
Creators: name: Judd, David Paul
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019

description: The total chemical synthesis of 361-residue Dpo4 DNA polymerase (including N-terminal His-tag) is an ambitious undertaking that pushes the limits of solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). In chemical protein synthesis projects, smaller peptide segments are synthesized using SPPS and these segments are ligated together via native chemical ligation (NCL) to produce a full-length protein. NCL is a chemoselective reaction that requires a C-terminal thioester and an N-terminal Cys residue to ligate peptide segments. These requirements pose a challenge to synthetic protein chemists because Cys residues are rare in most proteins and C-terminal thioester selection is crucial to the success of the project because some thioesters react quickly and efficiently while others are slow and produce very low yields. A strategically placed mutation, usually to optimize ligation sites, can make an impossible chemical protein synthesis project possible. However, mutations must be chosen carefully to minimize their impact on the activity of the protein. In the case of Dpo4, we identified three positions where mutations would greatly simplify our chemical synthesis efforts. In order to safely make mutations, we used BLAST searches and crystal structure analysis to determine candidate residues. We recombinantly expressed mutated Dpo4 constructs and compared their activity against wild-type Dpo4. In this manuscript, we discuss the selection of the three mutated positions and the development of a PCR assay that allowed iv us to quantify differences in thermostability between mutant Dpo4 constructs and wild-type Dpo4. This research highlights the importance of strategically placed mutations in chemical protein synthesis projects and also has the potential to impact the biotechnology field with the introduction of mirror-image PCR using chemically synthesized D-Dpo4 as the DNA polymerase.
Measurement of the Top-Quark Mass in All-Hadronic Decays in p pbar Collisions at CDF II
Creators: name: Aaltonen, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a measurement of the top-quark mass, $M_{\mathrm{top}}$, in the all-hadronic decay channel $t\bar{t} \to W^+b W^- \bar{b} \to q_1\bar{q}_2 b q_3 \bar{q}_4 \bar{b}$. The analysis is performed using 310 pb$^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}$=1.96 TeV $p\bar{p}$ collisions collected with the CDF II detector using a multi-jet trigger. The mass measurement is based on an event-by-event likelihood which depends on both the sample purity and the value of the top-quark mass, using 90 possible jet-to-parton assignments in the six-jet final state. The joint likelihood of 290 selected events yields a value of $M_{\mathrm{top}}$=177.1 $\pm$ 4.9 (stat.) $\pm$ 4.7 (syst.) GeV/$c^2$.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures and 1 table, Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Predicting the long-term collective behaviour of fish pairs with deep learning
Creators: name: Papaspyros, Vaios
name: Escobedo, Ramón
name: Alahi, Alexandre
name: Theraulaz, Guy
name: Sire, Clément
name: Mondada, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern computing has enhanced our understanding of how social interactions shape collective behaviour in animal societies. Although analytical models dominate in studying collective behaviour, this study introduces a deep learning model to assess social interactions in the fish species Hemigrammus rhodostomus. We compare the results of our deep learning approach to experiments and to the results of a state-of-the-art analytical model. To that end, we propose a systematic methodology to assess the faithfulness of a collective motion model, exploiting a set of stringent individual and collective spatio-temporal observables. We demonstrate that machine learning models of social interactions can directly compete with their analytical counterparts in reproducing subtle experimental observables. Moreover, this work emphasises the need for consistent validation across different timescales, and identifies key design aspects that enable our deep learning approach to capture both short- and long-term dynamics. We also show that our approach can be extended to larger groups without any retraining, and to other fish species, while retaining the same architecture of the deep learning network. Finally, we discuss the added value of machine learning in the context of the study of collective motion in animal groups and its potential as a complementary approach to analytical models.
Environmentally Induced Migration in Fiji
Creators: name: Bertana, Amanda Rae
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Migration
subject: Soil erosion
subject: Climate change

description: This research is a compilation of ethnographic and ecological accounts of three rural Fijian villages that moved inland as a response to coastal erosion. Using Vunidogoloa and Vunisavisavi on Vanua Levu, and Narikoso on Ono Island, Kadavu, as case studies I show how: (1) communities are affected by the physical and discursive elements of climate change, (2) communities manage their relationship with an increasingly unpredictable and changing environment, and (3) local level actors are working with national and international actors to make environmental decisions. Beyond description and interpretation, I examine how relocation is embedded in themes of power, culture, gender, religion, agency, and political control in respect to local level social fabrics, relationship to the environment, and perceptions of environmental deterioration within Fijian communities. As a whole, this dissertation illustrates the complexities and heterogeneity of rural people's perception and experiences with their environment, environmental changes, and adaptation measures. With the distinct case studies, I pay specific attention to the relocation process including: how the Fijian government incorporates communities into environmental decision-making processes, how bureaucratic processes interact with local level hierarchies, how vulnerable populations are disproportionately marginalized by relocation efforts, and the unintended social consequences of relocating a community.
PandA(Box) flies on Bluesky: maintainable and user-friendly fly scans with Mamba at HEPS
Creators: name: Li, Peng-Cheng
name: Zhang, Cheng-Long
name: Zhang, Yu-Jun
name: Li, Chun
name: Guo, Zhi-Ying
name: Lei, Ge
name: Zhang, Yi
name: Zhou, Ai-Yu
name: Bi, Xiao-Xue
name: Liu, Yu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: Fly scans are indispensible in many experiments at the High Energy Photon Source (HEPS). PandABox, the main platform to implement fly scans at HEPS, needs to be integrated into Mamba, the experiment control system developed at HEPS based on Bluesky. Methods: In less than 600 lines of easily customisable and extensible backend code, provided are full control of PandABox's TCP server in native ophyd, automated configuration (also including wiring) of "PandA blocks" for constant-speed mapping experiments of various dimensions, as well as generation of scans deliberately fragmented to deal with hardware limits in numbers of exposure frames or sequencer table entries. Results: The upper-level control system for PandABox has been ported to Bluesky, enabling the combination of both components' flexibility in fly-scan applications. Based on this backend, a user-friendly Mamba frontend is developed for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping experiments, which provides fully online visual feedback.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted by Radiat. Detect. Technol. Methods
Evolution of the optimal trial wave function with interactions in fractional Chern insulators
Creators: name: Luan, Yumin
name: Zhang, Yinhan
name: Shi, Junren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the optimal trial wave function of a fractional Chern insulator depends on the form of its electron-electron interaction. The gauge of single particle Bloch bases for constructing the optimal trail wave function is obtained by applying the variational principle proposed by Zhang et al. [Phys. Rev. B 93, 165129 (2016)]. We consider a short-range interaction, the Coulomb interaction, and an interpolation between them, and determine the evolution of the optimal gauge with the different interactions. We compare the optimal gauge with those proposed by Qi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 126803 (2011)] and Wu et al. [Phys. Rev. B 86, 085129 (2012)], and find that Wu et al.'s gauge is close to the optimal gauge when the interaction is a certain mixture of the Coulomb interaction and the short-range interaction, while Qi's gauge is qualitatively different from the optimal gauge in all the cases. Both the gauges deviate significantly from the optimal gauge when the short-range component of the interaction becomes more prominent.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Environmental Inequality and Obesogenics: Understanding the Relationship Between Unequal Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Obesity Prevalence
Creators: name: Eckhardt, Jessica Lee
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Environmental Justice
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: This dissertation investigates the association between exposures to environmental hazards and obesity prevalence. Building on obesogenic and environmental inequality research, this project explores the way in which exposure to a specific class of obesogens, endocrine disruptors, influences obesity risk. This study offers three substantial contributions to the current literature on environmental exposures and obesity by (1) investigating the effects of endocrine disrupting chemical exposure on obesity prevalence using populations-based estimates that are more generalizable then many previous studies, (2) assessing the environmental exposure-obesity association in highly susceptible populations, and (3) identifying social risks associated with increased exposure to endocrine disruptors. The results indicate that the influence of endocrine disruptor exposure on obesity is complex. Exposure type, population of study, and exposure measurements shape obesogenic findings. This study also found mixed results when assessing racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in environmental exposures. Scholars can build off this work to better understand the socio-environmental mechanisms that place certain populations at a greater risk of hazardous exposure and how such exposure is related to health outcomes like obesity.
Additional file 4 of Early kidney injury predicts disease progression in patients with COVID-19: a cohort study
Creators: name: Xia, Tingting
name: Zhang, Wenjing
name: Xu, Yu
name: Wang, Bin
name: Yuan, Zhiquan
name: Wu, Na
name: Xiang, Ying
name: Li, Chengying
name: Shan, Yifan
name: Xie, Weijia
name: Wang, Youhao
name: Zhang, Yao
name: Bai, Li
name: Li, Yafei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Risk factor associated disease progression in COVID-19 patients in univariate Cox regression analysis.
Symmetric spaces as adjoint orbits and their geometries
Creators: name: Cavenaghi, Leonardo F.
name: Garcia, Carolina
name: Grama, Lino
name: Martin, Luiz San
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We realize specific classical symmetric spaces, like the semi-Kähler symmetric spaces discovered by Berger, as cotangent bundles of symmetric flag manifolds. These realizations enable us to describe these cotangent bundles' geodesics and Lagrangian submanifolds.
 As a final application, we present the first examples of vector bundles over simply connected manifolds with nonnegative curvature that cannot accommodate metrics with nonnegative sectional curvature, even though their associated unit sphere bundles can indeed accommodate such metrics. Our examples are derived from explicit bundle constructions over symmetric flag spaces.
description: accepted version. To appear in Revista Matem\'atica Complutense
Enhancing realism and scalability in network testbeds
Creators: name: Ricci, Robert Preston Riekenberg
Publisher: name: University of Utah
Year: 2019
Subjects: Computer science

description: Network emulation has become an indispensable tool for the conduct of research in networking and distributed systems. It offers more realism than simulation and more control and repeatability than experimentation on a live network. However, emulation testbeds face a number of challenges, most prominently realism and scale. Because emulation allows the creation of arbitrary networks exhibiting a wide range of conditions, there is no guarantee that emulated topologies reflect real networks; the burden of selecting parameters to create a realistic environment is on the experimenter. While there are a number of techniques for measuring the end-to-end properties of real networks, directly importing such properties into an emulation has been a challenge. Similarly, while there exist numerous models for creating realistic network topologies, the lack of addresses on these generated topologies has been a barrier to using them in emulators. Once an experimenter obtains a suitable topology, that topology must be mapped onto the physical resources of the testbed so that it can be instantiated. A number of restrictions make this an interesting problem: testbeds typically have heterogeneous hardware, scarce resources which must be conserved, and bottlenecks that must not be overused. User requests for particular types of nodes or links must also be met. In light of these constraints, the network testbed mapping problem is NP-hard. Though the complexity of the problem increases rapidly with the size of the experimenter's topology and the size of the physical network, the runtime of the mapper must not; long mapping times can hinder the usability of the testbed. This dissertation makes three contributions towards improving realism and scale in emulation testbeds. First, it meets the need for realistic network conditions by creating Flexlab, a hybrid environment that couples an emulation testbed with a live-network testbed, inheriting strengths from each. Second, it attends to the need for realistic topologies by presenting a set of algorithms for automatically annotating generated topologies with realistic IP addresses. Third, it presents a mapper, assign, that is capable of assigning experimenters' requested topologies to testbeds' physical resources in a manner that scales well enough to handle large environments.
Small electron acceleration episodes in the solar corona
Creators: name: James, Tomin
name: Subramanian, Prasad
name: Kontar, Eduard P
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the energetics of nonthermal electrons produced in small acceleration episodes in the solar corona. We carried out an extensive survey spanning 2004--2015 and shortlisted 6 impulsive electron events detected at 1 AU that was not associated with large solar flares(GOES soft X-ray class $>$ C1) or with coronal mass ejections. Each of these events had weak, but detectable hard Xray (HXR) emission near the west limb, and were associated with interplanetary type III bursts. In some respects, these events seem like weak counterparts of "cold/tenuous" flares. The energy carried by the HXR producing electron population was $\approx 10^{23}$ -- $10^{25}$ erg, while that in the corresponding population detected at 1 AU was $\approx 10^{24}$--$10^{25}$ erg. The number of electrons that escape the coronal acceleration site and reach 1 AU constitute 6 % to 148 % of those that precipitate downwards to produce thick target HXR emission.