cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Standardizing Discrete-Time Hazard Ratios with a Disease Risk Score
Creators: name: Cole, S.R.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Richardson, D.B.
name: Kinlaw, A.C.
name: Keil, A.P.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: The disease risk score (DRS) is a summary score that is a function of a potentially large set of covariates. The DRS can be used to control for confounding by the covariates that went into estimation of the DRS and obtain a standardized estimate of an exposure's effect on disease. However, to date, literature on the DRS has not addressed analyses that focus on estimation of survival or hazard functions, which are common in epidemiologic analyses of cohort data. Here, we propose a method for standardization of hazard ratios using the DRS in longitudinal analyses of the association between a binary exposure and an outcome. This approach to handling a potentially large set of covariates through a model-based approach to standardization may provide a useful tool for cohort analyses of hazard ratios and may be particularly well-suited to settings where an exposure propensity score is difficult to model. Simulations are used in this paper to illustrate the approach, and an empirical example is provided.
An analysis of the teaching of introductory statistics at university in 'context'
Creators: name: Harth, Helen
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this research study I explore the teaching of introductory inferential statistics to non- statistics undergraduates. My main aim in this work is a characterisation of teaching practice in the context of two introductory statistics university modules, one aimed at Psychology students and another at Engineering students from the perspective of the lecturers.In the pilot study, I investigated lecturers’ beliefs about intended statistics curricula at university. The study used repertory grid interviews with twenty statistical methods lecturers. Qualitative and quantitative data analysis revealed that lecturers conceptualised the intended curricula around three themes: (1) teaching of statistics with “context”, (2) teaching the statistical process components, and (3) student learning.The main study focused on the teaching of statistics on two introductory modules. Ob- servational and interview data was interpreted at the macro and micro levels of analysis using sociocultural theory as a theoretical lens and applying a grounded analytical approach. In- troductory statistics modules are taught in a range of disciplines, including Psychology and Engineering. Previous research shows that some students find statistics very difficult and challenging. The two lecturers, although approached the teaching of statistics very differ- ently, had a deep concern for their students’ learning. The first lecturer, a Psychologist, approached the teaching of statistics in a ‘philosophical’ way meaning that the explanations were non-mathematical and there was a sequence of cases or “contexts” which the lecturer taught in different ways throughout the module. The second lecturer, a Mathematician, taught a ‘typical’ statistics module consisting of the mathematical underpinnings of statistical models through a sequence of statistical theory and calculations.Through this research, I provided representations into the lecturers’ beliefs, intentions and strategies in relation to their teaching. The application of the sociocultural lens with a grounded analytical approach enabled me to conceptualise the lecturers’ teaching actions and present a model of teaching statistics in context.
MPEC 2024-R276 : 2024 RB13
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 RB13

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Computing Equilibrium Shapes of Wurtzite Crystals: The Example of GaN
Creators: name: Li, Hong
name: Geelhaar, Lutz
name: Riechert, Henning
name: Draxl, Claudia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Crystal morphologies are important for the design and functionality of devices based on low-dimensional nanomaterials. The equilibrium crystal shape (ECS) is a key quantity in this context. It is determined by surface energies, which are hard to access experimentally but can generally be well predicted by first-principles methods. Unfortunately, this is not necessarily so for polar and semipolar surfaces of wurtzite crystals. By extending the concept of Wulff construction, we demonstrate that the ECSs can nevertheless be obtained for this class of materials. For the example of GaN, we identify different crystal shapes depending on the chemical potential, shedding light on experimentally observed GaN nanostructures.
Probe-assisted spin manipulation in one-dimensional quantum dots
Creators: name: Gindikin, Yasha
name: Sablikov, Vladimir A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a spin structure that arises in a one-dimensional quantum dot with zero total spin under the action of a charged tip of a scanning probe microscope in the presence of a weak magnetic field. The evolution of the spin structure with changing the probe position is traced to show that the movable probe can be an effective tool to manipulate the spin. The spin structures are formed when the probe is located in certain regions along the dot due to the Coulomb interaction of electrons as they are redistributed between the two sections in which the quantum dot is divided by the potential barrier created by the probe. There are two main states: spin-polarized and non-polarized ones. The transition between them is accompanied by a spin precession governed by the Rashba spin-orbit interaction induced by the electric field of the probe. In the transition region the spin density changes strongly while the charge distribution remains nearly unchanged.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures. Numerical data illustrating the spin manipulation effect are essentially updated. This version is published online in Physica Status Solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters
GraphMineSuite: Enabling High-Performance and Programmable Graph Mining Algorithms with Set Algebra
Creators: name: Besta, Maciej
name: Vonarburg-Shmaria, Zur
name: Schaffner, Yannick
name: Schwarz, Leonardo
name: Kwasniewski, Grzegorz
name: Gianinazzi, Lukas
name: Beranek, Jakub
name: Janda, Kacper
name: Holenstein, Tobias
name: Leisinger, Sebastian
name: Tatkowski, Peter
name: Ozdemir, Esref
name: Balla, Adrian
name: Copik, Marcin
name: Lindenberger, Philipp
name: Kalvoda, Pavel
name: Konieczny, Marek
name: Mutlu, Onur
name: Hoefler, Torsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Performance (cs.PF)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose GraphMineSuite (GMS): the first benchmarking suite for graph mining that facilitates evaluating and constructing high-performance graph mining algorithms. First, GMS comes with a benchmark specification based on extensive literature review, prescribing representative problems, algorithms, and datasets. Second, GMS offers a carefully designed software platform for seamless testing of different fine-grained elements of graph mining algorithms, such as graph representations or algorithm subroutines. The platform includes parallel implementations of more than 40 considered baselines, and it facilitates developing complex and fast mining algorithms. High modularity is possible by harnessing set algebra operations such as set intersection and difference, which enables breaking complex graph mining algorithms into simple building blocks that can be separately experimented with. GMS is supported with a broad concurrency analysis for portability in performance insights, and a novel performance metric to assess the throughput of graph mining algorithms, enabling more insightful evaluation. As use cases, we harness GMS to rapidly redesign and accelerate state-of-the-art baselines of core graph mining problems: degeneracy reordering (by up to >2x), maximal clique listing (by up to >9x), k-clique listing (by 1.1x), and subgraph isomorphism (by up to 2.5x), also obtaining better theoretical performance bounds.
People's Armed Police loading nuns and other demonstrators onto a truck after clearing out protests at Jokhang Temple, Lhasa, 1988
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Militarization of police
Human rights
Tibetans

description: Photograph of the People's Armed Police loading nuns and other demonstrators onto a truck and tying their hands after clearing out protests at Jokhang Temple.
The Epidemiologic toolbox: Identifying, honing, and using the right tools for the job
Creators: name: Lesko, C.R.
name: Keil, A.P.
name: Edwards, J.K.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: There has been much debate about the relative emphasis of the field of epidemiology on causal inference. We believe this debate does short shrift to the breadth of the field. Epidemiologists answer myriad questions that are not causal and hypothesize about and investigate causal relationships without estimating causal effects. Descriptive studies face significant and often overlooked inferential and interpretational challenges; we briefly articulate some of them and argue that a more detailed treatment of biases that affect single-sample estimation problems would benefit all types of epidemiologic studies. Lumping all questions about causality creates ambiguity about the utility of different conceptual models and causal frameworks; 2 distinct types of causal questions include 1) hypothesis generation and theorization about causal structures and 2) hypothesis-driven causal effect estimation. The potential outcomes framework and causal graph theory help efficiently and reliably guide epidemiologic studies designed to estimate a causal effect to best leverage prior data, avoid cognitive fallacies, minimize biases, and understand heterogeneity in treatment effects. Appropriate matching of theoretical frameworks to research questions can increase the rigor of epidemiologic research and increase the utility of such research to improve public health.
Coming upon the town: whores and fallen women in the works of Jane Austen
Creators: name: Green, Jacqueline
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 199999 Studies in the Creative Arts and Writing not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: This thesis contributes to the body of recent critical works which have sought to reinterpret the novels of Jane Austen, by restoring their historical context to reveal the breadth of her achievement. Demonstrating her awareness of illicit sexual behaviour during the Georgian era and showing that she weaves allusions to this pervasive aspect of her society throughout her works, it debunks claims that her novels are a product of rural isolation and that she was disengaged from the wider currents of her turbulent world. This thesis argues that Austen employs these references to engage with contemporary gender debates on the position of females within Georgian society, by showing that courtship could be a threatening arena within a hostile social structure that can lead a naïve, vulnerable woman to her downfall. [Continues.]
Differential 2-rigs
Creators: name: Loregian, Fosco
name: Trimble, Todd
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the notion of a "differential 2-rig", a category R with coproducts and a monoidal structure distributing over them, also equipped with an endofunctor D : R -> R that satisfies a categorified analogue of the Leibniz rule. This is intended as a tool to unify various applications of such categories to computer science, algebraic topology, and enumerative combinatorics. The theory of differential 2-rigs has a geometric flavour but boils down to a specialization of the theory of tensorial strengths on endofunctors; this builds a surprising connection between apparently disconnected fields. We build "free 2-rigs" on a signature, and we prove various initiality results: for example, a certain category of colored species is the free differential 2-rig on a single generator.
description: In Proceedings ACT 2022, arXiv:2307.15519
Near-wall turbulence alteration with the Transpiration-Resistance Model
Creators: name: Khorasani, Seyed Morteza Habibi
name: Lācis, Uǧis
name: Pasche, Simon
name: Rosti, Marco Edoardo
name: Bagheri, Shervin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A set of boundary conditions called the Transpiration-Resistance Model (TRM) are investigated in altering near-wall turbulence. The TRM has been previously proposed by \citet{Lacis2020} as a means of representing the net effect of surface micro-textures on their overlying bulk flows. It encompasses conventional Navier-slip boundary conditions relating the streamwise and spanwise velocities to their respective shears through the slip lengths $\ell_x$ and $\ell_z$. In addition, it features a transpiration condition accounting for the changes induced in the wall-normal velocity by expressing it in terms of variations of the wall-parallel velocity shears through the transpiration lengths $m_x$ and $m_z$. Greater levels of drag increase occur when more transpiration takes place at the boundary plane, with turbulent transpiration being predominately coupled to the spanwise shear component for canonical near-wall turbulence. The TRM can reproduce the effect of a homogeneous and structured roughness up to ${k^+}\,{\approx18}$. In this transitionally rough flow regime, the transpiration lengths of the TRM must be empirically determined. The \emph{transpiration factor} is defined as the product between the slip and transpiration lengths, i.e. $(m\ell)_{x,z}$. This factor contains the compound effect of the wall-parallel velocity occurring at the boundary plane and increased permeability, both of which lead to the transport of momentum in the wall-normal direction. A linear relation between the transpiration factor and the roughness function is observed for regularly textured surfaces in the transitionally rough regime of turbulence. The relations obtained between the transpiration factor and the roughness function show that such effective flow quantities can be suitable measures for characterizing rough surfaces in this flow regime.
Flexibly accounting for exposure misclassification with external validation data
Creators: name: Fox, M.P.
name: Cole, S.R.
name: Edwards, J.K.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Measurement error is common in epidemiology, but few studies use quantitative methods to account for bias due to mismeasurement. One potential barrier is that some intuitive approaches that readily combine with methods to account for other sources of bias, like multiple imputation for measurement error (MIME), rely on internal validation data, which are rarely available. Here, we present a reparameterized imputation approach for measurement error (RIME) that can be used with internal or external validation data. We illustrate the advantages of RIME over a naive approach that ignores measurement error and MIME using a hypothetical example and a series of simulation experiments. In both the example and simulations, we combine MIME and RIME with inverse probability weighting to account for confounding when estimating hazard ratios and counterfactual risk functions. MIME and RIME performed similarly when rich external validation data were available and the prevalence of exposure did not vary between the main study and the validation data. However, RIME outperformed MIME when validation data included only true and mismeasured versions of the exposure or when exposure prevalence differed between the data sources. RIME allows investigators to leverage external validation data to account for measurement error in a wide range of scenarios.
Understanding plant responses to pathogens starts with a good protocol
Creators: name: Wei, Jiaqi
name: Vinchira-Vilarraga, Diana
name: Rabiey, Mojgan
name: Kettles, Graeme
name: Clover, Gerard
name: Ward, Lisa
name: Jackson, W
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Developing knowledge of tree responses to pathogens is helpful for understanding how plants can resist pathogens as well as develop biomarkers for disease surveillance. The quantification of secondary metabolites could prove particularly useful in understanding the processes of disease progression
THE EFFECTS OF TEACHER ACCOUNTABILITY ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT
Creators: name: Kosimova, Dilobar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This paper explores the impact of teacher accountability on student achievement in primary and secondary education. Teacher accountability refers to the mechanisms that hold educators responsible for their students’ learning outcomes, often linked to assessment results. In recent years, numerous educational reforms aimed at increasing accountability have been implemented across various educational systems. This study employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate the relationship between teacher accountability and student academic performance, leveraging quantitative data from standardized test scores and qualitative insights garnered from interviews with educators. Results indicate a positive correlation between teacher accountability measures and enhanced student achievement, while also revealing nuanced perspectives from teachers about the implications of these accountability systems on their instructional practices and professional morale. The findings underscore the complex interplay between accountability and educational outcomes and offer recommendations for policymakers to consider more holistic approaches to educational accountability.
People's Liberation Army tanks on parade with guns pointing toward the Potala Palace, marking the beginning of the period of Martial Law in Lhasa, 1989 March
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Militarization of police
Human rights
Tibetans

description: Photograph published in unknown Chinese magazine of the People's Liberation Army tanks on parade with guns pointing towards the Potala Palace, marking the beginning of the period of Martial Law in Lhasa.
Quantum particle confined to a thin-layer volume: Non-uniform convergence toward the curved surface
Creators: name: Wang, Yong-Long
name: Zong, Hong-Shi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We clearly refine the fundamental framework of the thin-layer quantization procedure, and further develop the procedure by taking the proper terms of degree one in $q_3$ ($q_3$ denotes the curvilinear coordinate variable perpendicular to curved surface) back into the surface quantum equation. The well-known geometric potential and kinetic term are modified by the surface thickness. Applying the developed formalism to a toroidal system obtains the modification for the kinetic term and the modified geometric potential including the influence of the surface thickness.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Toward the Optimized Crowdsourcing Strategy for OCR Post-Correction
Creators: name: Suissa, Omri
name: Elmalech, Avshalom
name: Zhitomirsky-Geffet, Maayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: E.4; I.2; I.7
subject: E.4, I.2, I.7

description: Digitization of historical documents is a challenging task in many digital humanities projects. A popular approach for digitization is to scan the documents into images, and then convert images into text using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) algorithms. However, the outcome of OCR processing of historical documents is usually inaccurate and requires post-processing error correction. This study investigates how crowdsourcing can be utilized to correct OCR errors in historical text collections, and which crowdsourcing methodology is the most effective in different scenarios and for various research objectives. A series of experiments with different micro-task's structures and text lengths was conducted with 753 workers on the Amazon's Mechanical Turk platform. The workers had to fix OCR errors in a selected historical text. To analyze the results, new accuracy and efficiency measures have been devised. The analysis suggests that in terms of accuracy, the optimal text length is medium (paragraph-size) and the optimal structure of the experiment is two-phase with a scanned image. In terms of efficiency, the best results were obtained when using longer text in the single-stage structure with no image. The study provides practical recommendations to researchers on how to build the optimal crowdsourcing task for OCR post-correction. The developed methodology can also be utilized to create golden standard historical texts for automatic OCR post-correction. This is the first attempt to systematically investigate the influence of various factors on crowdsourcing-based OCR post-correction and propose an optimal strategy for this process.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, 1 table
Impact of ion irradiation damage on SiC and ZrN mechanical properties
Creators: name: Robertson, Stuart
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 91299 Materials Engineering not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Materials engineering

description: Key to the safe operation of nuclear reactors is the understanding of materials degradation due to neutron damage. Ion implantation is often used as a surrogate for nutron damage when screening nuclear candidate materials. Ion implantation results in a thin damage layer, the mechanical properties of which are often difficult to determine. In this study a micromechanical test regime is developed in a model material, 6H single crystal silicon carbide (SiC). This test technique is then applied to gold ion irradiated zirconium nitride (ZrN). Micromechanical test samples are often prepared using a focused ion beam. However, ion beam milling has the potential to damage the crystal structure of a material and introduce residual stress. Therefore, a range of cutting strategies were used to assess the effects of focused ion beam cutting on the modulus and strength of SiC cantilevers. The effects of sample size were also explored. Gallium ion milling resulted in amorphisation of the surface of the SiC crystal micro cantilevers. The thickness of the amorphous zone was then reduced using low voltage cleaning. Low voltage cleaning did not, however, result in increased mechanical performance as other unintended consequences such as cantilever edge rounding occurred. SiC exhibited a plastic deformation threshold of around 0.3 × 0.3 µm but did not exhibit a significant size effect. Nanoindentation was used as a benchmark test to compare to the mechanical properties gathered during micro bend testing. Under indentation conditions, a size effect was identified in hardness and modulus but not in fracture toughness. Modulus results from indentation, and micro bend testing was comparable when ion damage was accounted for.Hot pressed ZrN samples were ion implanted with gold ions. Microstructural characterisation, nanoindentation and micromechanical tests were performed in the ion implanted zone. Microstructural characterisation identified a dual phase microstructure consisting of ZrN and Zr2ON2. The implanted layer consisted of implanted gold ions followed by a network of dislocations centred around a depth of 1.20 µm. High-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) identified that tensile surface stresses and compressive subsurface stress had been introduced. Nanoindentation linked ion implantation to increased hardness and no modification in modulus. Micromechanical testing indicated a reduction in modulus and strength. This work highlighted the need to understand sample size effect and ion damage on micro mechanical tests if they are to be used for screening nuclear materials.
Hurwitz-Ran spaces
Creators: name: Bianchi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18F60, 54B15, 55R80

description: Given a couple of subspaces $\mathcal{Y}\subset\mathcal{X}$ of the complex plane $\mathbb{C}$ satisfying some mild conditions (a ``nice couple''), and given a PMQ-pair $(\mathcal{Q},G)$, consisting of a partially multiplicative quandle (PMQ) $\mathcal{Q}$ and a group $G$, we introduce a ``Hurwitz-Ran'' space $\mathrm{Hur}(\mathcal{X},\mathcal{Y};\mathcal{Q},G)$, containing configurations of points in $\mathcal{X}\setminus\mathcal{Y}$ and in $\mathcal{Y}$ with monodromies in $\mathcal{Q}$ and in $G$, respectively. We further introduce a notion of morphisms between nice couples, and prove that Hurwitz-Ran spaces are functorial both in the nice couple and in the PMQ-group pair. For a locally finite PMQ $\mathcal{Q}$ we prove a homeomorphism between $\mathrm{Hur}((0,1)^2;\mathcal{Q}_+)$ and the simplicial Hurwitz space $\mathrm{Hur}^Δ(\mathcal{Q})$, introduced in previous work of the author: this provides in particular $\mathrm{Hur}((0,1)^2;\mathcal{Q}_+)$ with a cell stratification in the spirit of Fox-Neuwirth and Fuchs.
description: 52 pages, 9 figures, the title has been changed according to the suggestion of the referee. To appear in Geometriae Dedicata
The Critical Importance of Asking Good Questions: The Role of Epidemiology Doctoral Training Programs
Creators: name: Balzer, L.B.
name: Fox, M.P.
name: Edwards, J.K.
name: Platt, R.
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Epidemiologic methods have advanced tremendously in the last several decades. As important as they are, even the most sophisticated approaches are unable to provide meaningful answers when the user lacks a clear study question. Yet, instructors have more and more resources on how to conduct studies and analyze data but few resources on how to ask clearly defined study questions that will guide those methods. Training programs have limited time for coursework, and if novel statistical estimation methods become the focus of instruction, programs that go this route may end up underemphasizing the process of asking good study questions, designing robust studies, considering potential biases in the collected data, and appropriately interpreting the results of the analysis. Given the demands for space in curricula, now is an appropriate time to reevaluate what we teach epidemiology doctoral students. We advocate that programs place a renewed focus on asking good study questions and following a comprehensive approach to study design and data analysis in which questions guide the choice of appropriate methods, helping us avoid methods for methods' sake and highlighting when application of a new method can provide the opportunity to answer questions that were intractable with traditional approaches.
A NEW APPROACH TO THE FORECAST OF PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSITS ON THE BURIED TERRITORIES OF KAZAKHSTAN
Creators: name: Muratkhanov, Daulet
name: Kembayev, Maxat
name: Sayat, Rais
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 370508
subject: Resource geoscience
classificationCode: 370502
subject: Geochronology

description: The wealth of the bowels of Kazakhstan has not yet been exhausted, there are promising areas that are currently insufficiently studied, especially at depth. The reason for the insufficient knowledge of geological structures in depth is the lack of a theoretical basis for geological research and justification for the forecast of prospect for minerals. In this regard, geology faces the question of creating a scientific approach for predicting new prospect areas, especially at depth. Our analysis shows that the principles of plume tectonics can serve as such a theoretical scientific basis for predicting promising areas and setting up prospecting work on them. To identify new prospecting areas in promising areas, we used materials from Earth remote sensing of the in combination with field geological and geophysical work. To verify the geophysical anomalies, mapping and exploration wells were drilled, which confirmed the prospects of the anomalies for further geological research. Practical testing of the reliability of the proposed theoretical base was carried out on a new promising area and the presence of porphyry copper mineralization was established, which could not be detected by traditional methods of geological research used in Kazakhstan. Research work, which revealed new porphyry copper occurrences, was carried out on a promising area within the Eastern Balkhash region.
Quantum key distribution over noisy channels by the testing state method
Creators: name: Shu, Hao
name: Zhang, Chang-Yue
name: Chen, Yue-Qiu
name: Zheng, Zhu-Jun
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum key distribution(QKD) might be the most famous application of quantum information theory. The idea of QKD is not difficult to understand but in practical implementations, many problems are needed to be solved, for example, the noise of the channels. Previous works usually discuss the estimate of the channels and employ error-correcting procedures, whose feasibility and efficiency depend on the strength of the noise, or assist with entanglement distillation procedures, which often result in a large consumption of states while not all states can be distilled. This paper aims to study QKD over noisy channels including Pauli noises, amplitude damping noises, phase damping noises, collective noises as well as mixtures of them, in any strength without distillations. We provide a method, called the testing state method, to implement QKD protocols without errors over arbitrarily strength noisy channels. The method can be viewed as an error-correcting procedure, and can also be employed for other tasks.
description: 11 pages
The Path Integral Quantization corresponding to the Deformed Heisenberg Algebra
Creators: name: Pramanik, Souvik
name: Faizal, Mir
name: Moussa, Mohamed
name: Ali, Ahmed Farag
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the deformation of the Heisenberg algebra, consistent with both the generalized uncertainty principle and doubly special relativity, has been analyzed. It has been observed that, though this algebra can give rise to fractional derivative terms in the corresponding quantum mechanical Hamiltonian, a formal meaning can be given to them by using the theory of harmonic extensions of function. Depending on this argument, the expression of the propagator of the path integral corresponding to the deformed Heisenberg algebra, has been obtained. In particular, the consistent expression of the one dimensional free particle propagator has been evaluated explicitly. With this propagator in hand, it has been shown that, even in free particle case, normal generalized uncertainty principle and doubly special relativity shows very much different result.
description: 16 pages, 1 figure, version to match published version in Annals of Physics
D9.4 Final report on the project exploitation initiatives and related impacts on innovation, including Dissemination & Communication activities
Creators: name: Benhida, Camélia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This document is the deliverable D9.4 of the project POLYPHEM. It is planned in the framework of the Work Package 9 (Exploitation and Dissemination of the results, Communication). This is a summary of the actions implemented in dissemination and communication since the beginning of the project and a report on the concrete actions related to the protection and exploitation of the project results (including dissemination and communication activities) undertaken during the project duration toward the objectives (PEDR) and evaluation of their impact.
title: Embedding voices of under-served communities in Health Research Priority Setting in Thailand: Facilitators' Guide
title: Facilitators' guide
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: facilitator guide

description: This file is for facilitators/researchers to use when doing engagement activity in the project "Embedding voices of under-served communities in Health Research Priority Setting in Thailand". It contains set of questions and some probing points which will guide the facilitators/researchers to have dialogues with the target population.
Graph States and the Variety of Principal Minors
Creators: name: Galgano, Vincenzo
name: Holweck, Frédéric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In Quantum Information theory, graph states are quantum states defined by graphs. In this work we exhibit a correspondence between graph states and the variety of binary symmetric principal minors, in particular their corresponding orbits under the action of $SL(2,\mathbb F_2)^{\times n}\rtimes \mathfrak S_n$. We start by approaching the topic more widely, that is by studying the orbits of maximal abelian subgroups of the $n$-fold Pauli group under the action of $\mathcal C_n^{\text{loc}}\rtimes \mathfrak S_n$, where $\mathcal C_n^{\text{loc}}$ is the $n$-fold local Clifford group: we show that this action corresponds to the natural action of $SL(2,\mathbb F_2)^{\times n}\rtimes \mathfrak S_n$ on the variety $\mathcal Z_n\subset \mathbb P(\mathbb F_2^{2^n})$ of principal minors of binary symmetric $n\times n$ matrices. The crucial step in this correspondence is in translating the action of $SL(2,\mathbb F_2)^{\times n}$ into an action of the local symplectic group $Sp_{2n}^{\text{loc}}(\mathbb F_2)$ on the Lagrangian Grassmannian $LG_{\mathbb F_2}(n,2n)$. We conclude by studying how the former action restricts onto stabilizer groups and stabilizer states, and finally what happens in the case of graph states.
description: 40 pages, 2 tables
Photograph of Tibetans circumabulating a relatively empty Jokhang Temple, turning the prayer wheels amidst demonstrations calling for an end to price increases, Lhasa, 1993
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Cultural property
Tibetans--Economic conditions
Tibetans

description: Vertical photograph of Tibetans circumabulating a relatively empty Jokhang Temple, turning the prayer wheels amidst demonstrations calling for an end to price increases in Lhasa.
English Language Learning Strategies: Perspectives and Practices of EFL Learners and Teachers
Creators: name: FATEMEH ZARRABI
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 209999 Language, Communication and Culture not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200302 English Language

description: There are over one billion people learning English worldwide. Many learners progress in English classes, however, their language skills either stagnate or regress when the support of the teacher and formal classes is removed. This mixed method study explores teacher and learner perspectives and practices regarding English Language Learning Strategies (ELLSs) in adult English as a Foreign language classes in Iran.  Although these strategies encourage learner independence resulting in successful language learning, findings suggest contradiction exists for both teachers and learners between beliefs in the value of language learning strategies and practices which encourage learner dependence.
Linearly-Convergent FISTA Variant for Composite Optimization with Duality
Creators: name: Garner, Casey
name: Zhang, Shuzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C25, 65K10 (Primary) 49M29, 90C06 (Secondary)

description: Many large-scale optimization problems can be expressed as composite optimization models. Accelerated first-order methods such as the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) have proven effective for numerous large composite models. In this paper, we present a new variation of FISTA, to be called C-FISTA, which obtains global linear convergence for a broader class of composite models than many of the latest FISTA variants. We demonstrate the versatility and effectiveness of C-FISTA by showing C-FISTA outperforms current first-order solvers on both group Lasso and group logistic regression models. Furthermore, we utilize Fenchel duality to prove C-FISTA provides global linear convergence for a large class of convex models without the loss of global linear convergence.
description: 24 pages, 1 figure
Instabilities of heavy magnons in an anisotropic magnet
Creators: name: Bai, Xiaojian
name: Zhang, Shang-Shun
name: Zhang, Hao
name: Dun, Zhiling
name: Phelan, W. Adam
name: Garlea, V. Ovidiu
name: Mourigal, Martin
name: Batista, Cristian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The search for new elementary particles is one of the most basic pursuits in physics, spanning from subatomic physics to quantum materials. Magnons are the ubiquitous elementary quasiparticle to describe the excitations of fully-ordered magnetic systems. But other possibilities exist, including fractional and multipolar excitations. Here, we demonstrate that strong quantum interactions exist between three flavors of elementary quasiparticles in the uniaxial spin-one magnet FeI2. Using neutron scattering in an applied magnetic field, we observe spontaneous decay between conventional and heavy magnons and the recombination of these quasiparticles into a super-heavy bound-state. Akin to other contemporary problems in quantum materials, the microscopic origin for new physics in FeI2 is the quasi-flat nature of excitation bands and the presence of Kitaev anisotropic magnetic exchange interactions.
description: 31 pages, 3 main figures
Full resonant transmission of semi-guided planar waves through slab waveguide steps at oblique incidence
Creators: name: Hammer, Manfred
name: Hildebrandt, Andre
name: Förstner, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sheets of slab waveguides with sharp corners are investigated. By means of rigorous numerical experiments, we look at oblique incidence of semi-guided plane waves. Radiation losses vanish beyond a certain critical angle of incidence. One can thus realize lossless propagation through 90-degree corner configurations, where the remaining guided waves are still subject to pronounced reflection and polarization conversion. A system of two corners can be viewed as a structure akin to a Fabry-Perot-interferometer. By adjusting the distance between the two partial reflectors, here the 90-degree corners, one identifies step-like configurations that transmit the semi-guided plane waves without radiation losses, and virtually without reflections. Simulations of semi-guided beams with in-plane wide Gaussian profiles show that the effect survives in a true 3-D framework.
Weak topology on CAT(0) spaces
Creators: name: Lytchak, Alexander
name: Petrunin, Anton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C20, 53C21, 53C23

description: We analyze weak convergence on CAT(0) spaces and the existence and properties of corresponding weak topologies.
Four-Cycle Free Graphs, Height Functions, the Pivot Property and Entropy Minimality
Creators: name: Chandgotia, Nishant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B10, 37D35

description: Fix $d\geq 2$. Given a finite undirected graph ${\mathcal{H}}$ without self-loops and multiple edges, consider the corresponding `vertex' shift, $Hom(\mathbb{Z}^d, \mathcal{H})$ denoted by $X_{\mathcal{H}}$. In this paper we focus on $\mathcal{H}$ which is `four-cycle free'. The two main results of this paper are: $X_{\mathcal{H}}$ has the pivot property, meaning that for all distinct configurations $x,y\in X_{\mathcal{H}}$ which differ only at finitely many sites there is a sequence of configurations $x=x^1, x^2, \ldots, x^n=y\in X_{\mathcal{H}}$ for which the successive configurations $(x^i, x^{i+1})$ differ exactly at a single site. Further if ${\mathcal{H}}$ is connected then $X_{\mathcal{H}}$ is entropy minimal, meaning that every shift space strictly contained in $X_{\mathcal{H}}$ has strictly smaller entropy. The proofs of these seemingly disparate statements are related by the use of the `lifts' of the configurations in $X_{\mathcal{H}}$ to their universal cover and the introduction of `height functions' in this context.
'A Long Farewell': The British Experience and Colonial Fate of Juveniles Transported to Australia in the first half of the 19th Century
Creators: name: Kyle, Avril
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 210303 Australian History (excl. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander History)
subject: FOS: History and archaeology

description: Anna Davin, in discussing her research of childhood history, offers an intriguing example of how she pieced together information about the step-cleaning girls of London in the late nineteenth century from a series of written fragments. She calls this the 'jigsaw strategy' and that is a useful term to describe the method that has been used here.
This research is as much concerned with making a contribution to the history of working class childhood in the mid-nineteenth century as it is with contributing to the history of juvenile transportation to the Australian colonies. The juveniles who are the major focus of the work are these from Great Britain and Ireland who were sentenced to transportation and despatched to New South Wales and Van Diemen's land in the eighteen-thirties and eighteen-forties. One aim of the investigation was to discover how those juveniles found themselves in that particular position at that particular time.
On the On-Shell Renormalization of Fermion Masses, Fields, and Mixing Matrices at 1-loop
Creators: name: Draukšas, Simonas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new and simple On-Shell definition of off-diagonal fermion field and mass counterterms at 1-loop in terms of self-energy scalar functions. Further, we show that the anti-hermitian part of the field renormalization is always finite and that mass counterterms can be chosen gauge-independent. It is noteworthy that our definition relies on mass structures, which is a novel approach, and does not require to drop absorptive parts as is usually the case. Definitions of the off-diagonal mass and field counterterms allow us to comment on the renormalization of mixing matrices with focus on the quark mixing matrix in the Standard Model. As an example of our scheme, we provide computations in the Two Higgs Doublet Model with an additional Heavy Majorana neutrino - the Grimus-Neufeld model. This allows for the comparison with other schemes known in literature and also provides examples for the case of massless fermions. The examples also serve as genuine results in this particular model as well as this scheme. In the appendix the scheme is extended to arbitrary orders, although without example computations in the Grimus-Neufeld model.
description: 54 pages
Opening magic casements: Children's bookshops in Melbourne, 1945-1993.
Creators: name: Torcasio, Elizabeth June
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 80706 Librarianship
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: This study is an investigation of children's departments of general bookshops and specialist children's bookshops between 1945 and 1993, focusing on the history of 35 bookshops in Melbourne. Reasons underlying the development of the specialist bookshops are put forward and various aspects of the bookshops are examined, including staff, stock, services, promotional activities, innovations and challenges and archival and bibliographic resources. A comprehensive bibliography of material by and about Albert Ullin and The Little Bookroom is incorporated in the appendices.
Bayesian Estimation of MSM Population Size in Côte d’Ivoire
Creators: name: Bao, L.
name: Louis, T.A.
name: Lin, W.
name: Rao, A.
name: Datta, A.
name: Diouf, D.
name: Kouame, A.
name: Baral, S.
name: Edwards, J.K.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Côte d’Ivoire has among the most generalized HIV epidemics in West Africa with an estimated half million people living with HIV. Across West Africa, key populations, including gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM), are often disproportionately burdened with HIV due to specific acquisition and transmission risks. Quantifying population sizes of MSM at the subnational level is critical to ensuring evidence-based decisions regarding the scale and content of HIV prevention interventions. While survey-based direct estimates of MSM numbers are available in a few urban centers across Côte d’Ivoire, no data on MSM population size exists in other areas without any community group infrastructure to facilitate sufficient access to communities of MSM. The data are used in a Bayesian regression setup to produce estimates of the numbers of MSM in areas of Côte d’Ivoire prioritized in the HIV response. Our hierarchical model imputes missing covariates using geo-spatial information and allows for proper uncertainty quantification leading to confidence bounds for predicted MSM population size estimates. This process provided population size estimates where there are no empirical data, to guide the prioritization of further collection of empirical data on MSM and inform evidence-based scaling of HIV prevention and treatment programs for MSM across Côte d’Ivoire.
On $α$-type (equivariant) cohomology of Hom-pre-Lie algebras
Creators: name: Guo, Shuangjian
name: Saha, Ripan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we define a new cohomology theory for multiplicative Hom-pre-Lie algebras which controls deformations of Hom-pre-Lie algebra structure. This new cohomology is a natural one by considering the structure map. We develop equivariant cohomology theory for a Hom-pre-Lie algebra equipped with a finite group action by formulating a proper notion of coefficients system for the equivariant cohomology. We also study the associated formal deformation theory for Hom-pre-Lie algebras in the equivariant context.
description: 27 pages
Photograph published in the Hainan Review of Armoured Personnel Carriers on patrol with Potala Palace in background, Lhasa, 1989
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Militarization of police
Mass media policy
Tibetans

description: Photograph published in Hainan Review of Armoured Personnel Carriers on patrol in main street of Tibetan quarter, with Potala Palace in background.