Cladonia didyma Vain. 1887
Creators: name: Yánez-Ayabaca, A.
name: Ahti, T.
name: Bungartz, F.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Fungi
Ascomycota
Lecanoromycetes
Lecanorales
Cladoniaceae
Cladonia
Cladonia didyma

description: <i>Cladonia didyma</i> (Fée) Vain. (1887: 137) (Fig. 4e) <i>Primary thallus</i> persistent, of crenulate squamules, esorediate, epruinose; <i>podetia</i> common, grayish green to brown, with necrotic dark brown base, short to elongate, (0.8) 1–2.5 (5) cm tall; unbranched to scarcely branched; axils closed; tips blunt or more often with several closely aggregated convex, bright red apothecia, ascyphose; <i>surface</i> completely ecorticate with abundantly olive green to glaucescent microsquamules and granules, rarely becoming farinose sorediate; <i>pycnidia</i> not seen; <i>apothecia</i> with red jelly. <i>Spot tests and chemistry</i>: P+ yellow, K+ yellow, C-, KC-, UV-; thamnolic and didymic acids (chemotype II <i>sensu</i> Ahti 2000, no other chemotypes observed in Galapagos). <i>Distribution and ecology</i>: Know from Isabela, San Cristóbal, Santa Cruz, and Santiago Island; by far the most common red-fruited species, common and possibly restricted to the humid highlands, on a variety of substrates like soil, rock or frequently also as epiphyte, typically amongst bryophytes; both on native and introduced trees. <i>Notes</i>: In Galapagos <i>C. didyma</i> may be confused with <i>C. macilenta</i>; both have generally greenish to brown green, ecorticate podetia with microsquamules, soredia and granules. However, <i>C. macilenta</i> is typically very densely sorediate and its podetia typically bear very few if any microsquamules. In contrast, <i>C. didyma</i> is typically densely microsquamulose and true ecorticate soredia are extremely rare. <i>Selected specimens examined</i>: ECUADOR. GALAPAGOS: <b>Isabela Island, Volcán Alcedo</b>, outer SEexposed slope and crater rim, 0°27'29"S, 91°7'19"W, 1089 m, humid zone, on wood, 5 Mar 2006, <i>Aptroot, A. 65102</i> (CDS 31684), upper NNW-exposed slope inside the crater, 0°27'27"S, 91°7'23"W, 1055 m, humid zone, on bark, 5 Mar 2006, <i>Bungartz, F. 4092</i> (CDS. 28056), <i>Sipman, H.J.M. L-46</i> (COLO 297915); <b>Volcán Sierra Negra</b>, 0°50'0"S, 91°10'0"W, 800 m, humid zone, on soil, 18 Apr 1990, <i>Sánchez - Pinto, L. 5047</i> (B), Villamil, 150 m, dry zone, 6 July 1906, <i>Stewart, A. 428 (336)</i> (COLO 255412). <b>San Cristóbal Island</b>, 1905- 1906, <i>Stewart 341</i> (MSC), Lago El Junco, 0°53'0"S, 89°28'0"W, humid zone, on soil, 1 Mar 1994, <i>Follmann, G. 34995</i> (B-KOELN 60 0173603). <b>Santa Cruz Island</b>, vicinity of Academy Bay, on trail to La Copa (= Media Luna), 15 Feb 1964, <i>Weber L-40271</i> (H, M, US, COLO 190028), near Puntudo, 0°38'41"S, 90°20'13"W, 750 m, humid zone, on soil, 27 May 2005, <i>Aptroot, A. 63206</i> (CDS 29937), along the side of a little path to El Puntudo, 0°38'55"S, 90°20'4"W, 698 m, humid zone, on rock, 28 Dec 2005, <i>Bungartz, F. 3301</i> (CDS 26956), El Puntudo, 0°44'33"S, 90°18'12.6"W, 694 m, zona húmeda, sobre corteza, 17 July 2007, <i>Nugra, F. 412</i> (CDS 36161), summit of the island between El Puntudo and Cerro Crocker, 700 m, humid zone, 16 Apr 1976, <i>Weber, W.A.</i> (COLO 296977), path from Media Luna to El Puntudo, near El Puntudo, 0°39'8.59"S, 90°20'2.8"W, 684 m, humid zone, on bryophytes, 28 Oct 2010, <i>Yánez-Ayabaca, A. 1537</i> (CDS 45030). <b>Santiago Island</b>, Munecho rock outcrop, 0°12'35"S, 90°46'57"W, 860 m, humid zone, on rock, 23 Mar 2006, <i>Aptroot, A. 65503</i> (CDS 32092).
description: Published as part of <i>Yánez-Ayabaca, A., Ahti, T. &amp; Bungartz, F., 2013, The Family Cladoniaceae (Lecanorales) in the Galapagos Islands, pp. 1-33 in Phytotaxa 129 (1)</i> on page 17, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.129.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5085561
description: {"references": ["Ahti, T. (2000) Cladoniaceae. Flora Neotropica. Volume 78. The New York Botanical Garden Press, Bronx, 362 pp."]}