cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Measurements of azimuthal anisotropies at forward and backward rapidity with muons in high-multiplicity p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 8.16$ TeV
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of the azimuthal anisotropy of inclusive muons produced in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 8.16$ TeV, using the ALICE detector at the LHC is reported. The measurement of the second-order Fourier coefficient of the particle azimuthal distribution, $v_2$, is performed as a function of transverse momentum $p_{\rm T}$ in the 0-20% high-multiplicity interval at both forward ($2.03 < y_{\rm CMS} < 3.53$) and backward ($-4.46 < y_{\rm CMS} < -2.96$) rapidities over a wide $p_{\rm T}$ range, $0.5 < p_{\rm T} < 10$ GeV/$c$, in which a dominant contribution of muons from heavy-flavour hadron decays is expected at $p_{\rm T} > 2$ GeV/$c$. The $v_2$ coefficient of inclusive muons is extracted using two different techniques, namely two-particle cumulants, used for the first time for heavy-flavour measurements, and forward-central two-particle correlations. Both techniques give compatible results. A positive $v_2$ is measured at both forward and backward rapidities with a significance larger than $4.7σ$ and $7.6σ$, respectively, in the interval $2 < p_{\rm T} < 6$ GeV/$c$. Comparisons with previous measurements in p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV, and with AMPT and CGC-based theoretical calculations are discussed. The findings impose new constraints on the theoretical interpretations of the origin of the collective behaviour in small collision systems.
description: 31 pages, 7 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 26, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/8578
Suppression of parallel transport in turbulent magnetized plasmas and its impact on non-thermal and thermal aspects of solar flares
Creators: name: Bian, Nicolas H.
name: Kontar, Eduard P.
name: Emslie, A. Gordon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transport of the energy contained in electrons, both thermal and suprathermal, in solar flares plays a key role in our understanding of many aspects of the flare phenomenon, from the spatial distribution of hard X-ray emission to global energetics. Motivated by recent {\em RHESSI} observations that point to the existence of a mechanism that confines electrons to the coronal parts of flare loops more effectively than Coulomb collisions, we here consider the impact of pitch-angle scattering off turbulent magnetic fluctuations on the parallel transport of electrons in flaring coronal loops. It is shown that the presence of such a scattering mechanism in addition to Coulomb collisional scattering can significantly reduce the parallel thermal and electrical conductivities relative to their collisional values. We provide illustrative expressions for the resulting thermoelectric coefficients that relate the thermal flux and electrical current density to the temperature gradient and the applied electric field. We then evaluate the effect of these modified transport coefficients on the flare coronal temperature that can be attained, on the post-impulsive-phase cooling of heated coronal plasma, and on the importance of the beam-neutralizing return current on both ambient heating and the energy loss rate of accelerated electrons. We also discuss the possible ways in which anomalous transport processes have an impact on the required overall energy associated with accelerated electrons in solar flares.
description: accepted for publication in ApJ
Strain sensitive flexible magnetoelectric ceramic nanocomposites
Creators: name: Kim, Minsoo
name: Kim, Donghoon
name: Aktas, Buse
name: Choi, Hongsoo
name: Puigmartí-Luis, Josep
name: Nelson, Bradley J.
name: Chen, Xiang-Zhong
name: Pané, Salvador
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced flexible electronics and soft robotics require the development and implementation of flexible functional materials. Magnetoelectric (ME) oxide materials can convert magnetic input into electric output and vice versa, making them excellent candidates for advanced sensing, actuating, data storage, and communication. However, their application has been limited to rigid devices due to their brittle nature. Here, we report flexible ME oxide composite (BaTiO3/CoFe2O4) thin film nanostructures that can be transferred onto a stretchable substrate such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In contrast to rigid bulk counterparts, these ceramic nanostructures display a flexible behavior and exhibit reversibly tunable ME coupling via mechanical stretching. We believe our study can open up new avenues for integrating ceramic ME composites into flexible electronics and soft robotic devices.
Confidence-Calibrated Face and Kinship Verification
Creators: name: Xu, Min
name: Zhang, Ximiao
name: Zhou, Xiuzhuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we investigate the problem of prediction confidence in face and kinship verification. Most existing face and kinship verification methods focus on accuracy performance while ignoring confidence estimation for their prediction results. However, confidence estimation is essential for modeling reliability and trustworthiness in such high-risk tasks. To address this, we introduce an effective confidence measure that allows verification models to convert a similarity score into a confidence score for any given face pair. We further propose a confidence-calibrated approach, termed Angular Scaling Calibration (ASC). ASC is easy to implement and can be readily applied to existing verification models without model modifications, yielding accuracy-preserving and confidence-calibrated probabilistic verification models. In addition, we introduce the uncertainty in the calibrated confidence to boost the reliability and trustworthiness of the verification models in the presence of noisy data. To the best of our knowledge, our work presents the first comprehensive confidence-calibrated solution for modern face and kinship verification tasks. We conduct extensive experiments on four widely used face and kinship verification datasets, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach. Code and models are available at https://github.com/cnulab/ASC.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, and 9 tables, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
title: К ВОПРОСУ О РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИИ ШЕЛКОПРЯДА БЕРЁЗОВОГО (ENDROMIS VERSICOLORA L.) В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ СЕВЕРНАЯ ОСЕТИЯ-АЛАНИЯ
Creators: name: Доброносов, В. В.
name: Тебиева, Д.И.
Publisher: name: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Северо-Кавказский федеральный научный аграрный центр»
Year: 2024
Subjects: Республика Северная Осетия-Алания, шелкокрыл берёзовый, Endromis versicolora L., распространение.
Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, Kentish Glory, Endromis versicolora L., distribution

description: В статье рассмотрены особенности распространения бабочки шелкокрыла берёзового, редкого для Республики Северная Осетия-Алания вида, с учетом новых, полученных в ходе полевых исследований, данных
description: The article considers the peculiarities of the distribution of the Kentish Glory, rare species for the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, taking into account new data obtained during field studies.
Pyrit: A Finite Element Based Field Simulation Software Written in Python
Creators: name: Bundschuh, Jonas
name: Ruppert, M. Greta
name: Späck-Leigsnering, Yvonne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.1.8

description: Pyrit is a field simulation software based on the finite element method written in Python to solve coupled systems of partial differential equations. It is designed as a modular software that is easily modifiable and extendable. The framework can, therefore, be adapted to various activities, i.e. research, education and industry collaboration.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, Published in COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering. This preprint offers a more precise formatting and includes software parts
Computational Searching of Long Skew-symmetric Binary Sequences with High Merit Factors
Creators: name: Brest, Janez
name: Bošković, Borko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.8; G.1.6
subject: 68T20

description: In this paper, we present a computational search for best-known merit factors of longer binary sequences with an odd length. Finding low autocorrelation binary sequences with optimal or suboptimal merit factors is a very difficult optimization problem. An improved version of the heuristic algorithm is presented and tackled to search for aperiodic binary sequences with good autocorrelation properties. High-performance computations with the execution of our stochastic algorithm to search skew-symmetric binary sequences with high merit factors. After experimental work, as results, we present new binary sequences with odd lengths between 201 and 303 that are skew-symmetric and have the merit factor $F$ greater than 8.5. Moreover, an example of a binary sequence having $F > 8$ has been found for all odd lengths between 201 and 303. The longest binary sequence with $F > 9$ found to date is of length 255.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 algorithm, 1 table
Iron Oxide Surfaces
Creators: name: Parkinson, Gareth S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface science of iron oxides is comprehensively reviewed. For the full abstract please see pdf.
description: 165 pages, 105 figures, 616 references
Additional file 2 of Healthcare use attributable to COVID-19: a propensity-matched national electronic health records cohort study of 249,390 people in Wales, UK
Creators: name: Kennedy, J
name: Parker, M
name: Seaborne, M
name: Mhereeg, M
name: Walker, A
name: Walker, V
name: Denaxas, S
name: Kennedy, N
name: Katikireddi, S. V
name: Brophy, S
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 2: Table S2. Location origins of the codes used to define the outcomes in the study. Additional notes also provided. ADHD – Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, OCD - obsessive compulsive disorder.
Anomalous inverse proximity effect in unconventional-superconductor junctions
Creators: name: Suzuki, Shu-Ichiro
name: Hirai, Takashi
name: Eschrig, Matthias
name: Tanaka, Yukio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the effects of Andreev bound states due to the unconventional pairing on the inverse proximity effect of ferromagnet/superconductor junctions. Utilizing quasiclassical Eilenberger theory, we obtain the magnetization penetrating into the superconductor. We show that in a wide parameter range the direction of the induced magnetization is determined by two factors: whether Andreev bound states are present at the junction interface and the sign of the spin-mixing angle. In particular, when Andreev bound states appear at the interface, the direction of the induced magnetization is opposite to that without Andreev bound states. We also clarify the conditions under which the inverted induced magnetization appears. Applying this novel effect helps distinguishing the pairing symmetry of a superconductor.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
Trichopria sequester Nixon 1980
Creators: name: Notton, David G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Mymaridae
Trichopria
Trichopria sequester

description: Trichopria sequester Nixon, 1980: 37, fig. 97.
Valid name
Trichopria subimpressa (Kieffer, 1911).
Summary of types
Holotype ♂, BMNH number 9.831, by original designation. Paratypes 4 ♂♂.
Primary type data
England, SE:/ Epping Forest/ 14-15.viii.1954 / J.A. & D.J.Clark/ B.M.1954-521; Trichopria / sequester/ Nixon/ type ♂, 197.
Type locality
England, Essex, Epping Forest.
Remarks
The holotype is mounted on a card point and is entire.
description: Published as part of Notton, David G., 2014, A catalogue of the types of Diapriinae (Hymenoptera, Diapriidae) at the Natural History Museum, London, pp. 1-123 in European Journal of Taxonomy 75 on page 102, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2014.75, http://zenodo.org/record/3862773
Complete biconservative surfaces in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and $\mathbb{S}^3$
Creators: name: Nistor, Simona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we consider the complete biconservative surfaces in Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^3$ and in the unit Euclidean sphere $\mathbb{S}^3$. Biconservative surfaces in 3-dimensional space forms are characterized by the fact that the gradient of their mean curvature function is an eigenvector of the shape operator, and we are interested in studying local and global properties of such surfaces with non-constant mean curvature function. We determine the simply connected, complete Riemannian surfaces that admit biconservative immersions in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and $\mathbb{S}^3$. Moreover, such immersions are explicitly described.
description: 29 pages, 6 figures
Evolutionary learning of interpretable decision trees
Creators: name: Custode, Leonardo Lucio
name: Iacca, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.2; I.2.6

description: Reinforcement learning techniques achieved human-level performance in several tasks in the last decade. However, in recent years, the need for interpretability emerged: we want to be able to understand how a system works and the reasons behind its decisions. Not only we need interpretability to assess the safety of the produced systems, we also need it to extract knowledge about unknown problems. While some techniques that optimize decision trees for reinforcement learning do exist, they usually employ greedy algorithms or they do not exploit the rewards given by the environment. This means that these techniques may easily get stuck in local optima. In this work, we propose a novel approach to interpretable reinforcement learning that uses decision trees. We present a two-level optimization scheme that combines the advantages of evolutionary algorithms with the advantages of Q-learning. This way we decompose the problem into two sub-problems: the problem of finding a meaningful and useful decomposition of the state space, and the problem of associating an action to each state. We test the proposed method on three well-known reinforcement learning benchmarks, on which it results competitive with respect to the state-of-the-art in both performance and interpretability. Finally, we perform an ablation study that confirms that using the two-level optimization scheme gives a boost in performance in non-trivial environments with respect to a one-layer optimization technique.
description: 69 pages, 31 figures, code available at: https://gitlab.com/leocus/ge_q_dts
CPU Scheduling in Data Centers Using Asynchronous Finite-Time Distributed Coordination Mechanisms
Creators: name: Grammenos, Andreas
name: Charalambous, Themistoklis
name: Kalyvianaki, Evangelia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose an asynchronous iterative scheme that allows a set of interconnected nodes to distributively reach an agreement within a pre-specified bound in a finite number of steps. While this scheme could be adopted in a wide variety of applications, we discuss it within the context of task scheduling for data centers. In this context, the algorithm is guaranteed to approximately converge to the optimal scheduling plan, given the available resources, in a finite number of steps. Furthermore, by being asynchronous, the proposed scheme is able to take into account the uncertainty that can be introduced from straggler nodes or communication issues in the form of latency variability while still converging to the target objective. In addition, by using extensive empirical evaluation through simulations we show that the proposed method exhibits state-of-the-art performance.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering
ZEKRA: Zero-Knowledge Control-Flow Attestation
Creators: name: ENTRUST Horizon Europe
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: ASIA CCS '23: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security

Pages 357 - 371

https://doi.org/10.1145/3579856.3582833

 

ABSTRACT

 

To detect runtime attacks against programs running on a remote computing platform, Control-Flow Attestation (CFA) lets a (trusted) verifier determine the legality of the program’s execution path, as recorded and reported by the remote platform (prover). However, besides complicating scalability due to verifier complexity, this assumption regarding the verifier’s trustworthiness renders existing CFA schemes prone to privacy breaches and implementation disclosure attacks under “honest-but-curious” adversaries. Thus, to suppress sensitive details from the verifier, we propose to have the prover outsource the verification of the attested execution path to an intermediate worker of which the verifier only learns the result. However, since a worker might be dishonest about the outcome of the verification, we propose a purely cryptographical solution of transforming the verification of the attested execution path into a verifiable computational task that can be reliably outsourced to a worker without relying on any trusted execution environment. Specifically, we propose to express a program-agnostic execution path verification task inside an arithmetic circuit whose correct execution can be verified by untrusted verifiers in zero knowledge.

 

AUTHORS

Heini Bergsson Debes, Edlira Dushku, Thanassis Giannetsos, Ali Marandi
Additional file 3 of Healthcare use attributable to COVID-19: a propensity-matched national electronic health records cohort study of 249,390 people in Wales, UK
Creators: name: Kennedy, J
name: Parker, M
name: Seaborne, M
name: Mhereeg, M
name: Walker, A
name: Walker, V
name: Denaxas, S
name: Kennedy, N
name: Katikireddi, S. V
name: Brophy, S
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 3: Table S3. Table of Codes under investigation.
An invariant property of Mahler measure
Creators: name: Lalín, Matilde
name: Nair, Siva Sankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11R06 (Primary) 11M06, 11R42 (Secondary)

description: We exhibit a change of variables that maintains the Mahler measure of a given polynomial. This method leads to the construction of highly non-trivial polynomials with given Mahler measure and settles some conjectural numerical formulas due to Boyd and Brunault.
description: 12 pages
The geometry and DSZ quantization of four-dimensional supergravity
Creators: name: Lazaroiu, C. I.
name: Shahbazi, C. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C80 (Primary) 83E50 (Secondary)

description: We implement the Dirac-Schwinger-Zwanziger integrality condition on four-dimensional classical ungauged supergravity and use it to obtain its duality-covariant, gauge-theoretic, differential-geometric model on an oriented four-manifold $M$ of arbitrary topology. Classical bosonic supergravity is completely determined by a submersion $π$ over $M$ equipped with a complete Ehresmann connection, a vertical euclidean metric, and a vertically-polarized flat symplectic vector bundle $Ξ$. Building on these structures, we implement the Dirac-Schwinger-Zwanziger integrality condition through the choice of an element in the degree-two sheaf cohomology group with coefficients in a locally constant sheaf $\mathcal{L}\subset Ξ$ valued in the groupoid of integral symplectic spaces. We show that this data determines a Siegel principal bundle $P_{\mathfrak{t}}$ of fixed type $\mathfrak{t}\in \mathbb{Z}^{n_v}$ whose connections provide the global geometric description of the local electromagnetic gauge potentials of the theory. Furthermore, we prove that the Maxwell gauge equations of the theory reduce to the polarized self-duality condition determined by $Ξ$ on the connections of $P_{\mathfrak{t}}$. In addition, we investigate the continuous and discrete U-duality groups of the theory, characterizing them through short exact sequences and realizing the latter through the gauge group of $P_{\mathfrak{t}}$ acting on its adjoint bundle. This elucidates the geometric origin of U-duality, which we explore in several examples, illustrating its dependence on the topology of the fiber bundles $π$ and $P_{\mathfrak{t}}$ as well as on the isomorphism type of $\mathcal{L}$.
description: 19 pages
Distinguishable Cash, Bosonic Bitcoin, and Fermionic Non-fungible Token
Creators: name: Kim, Zae Young
name: Park, Jeong-Hyuck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern technology has brought novel types of wealth. In contrast to hard cashes, digital currencies do not have a physical form. They exist in electronic forms only. Yet, it has not been clear what impacts their ongoing growth will make, if any, on wealth distribution. Here we propose to identify all forms of contemporary wealth into two classes: 'distinguishable' or 'identical'. Traditional tangible moneys are all distinguishable. Financial assets and cryptocurrencies, such as bank deposits and Bitcoin, are boson-like, while non-fungible tokens are fermion-like. We derive their ownership-based distributions in a unified manner. Each class follows essentially the Poisson or the geometric distribution. We contrast their distinct features such as Gini coefficients. Further, aggregating different kinds of wealth corresponds to a weighted convolution where the number of banks matters and Bitcoin follows Bose-Einstein distribution. Our proposal opens a new avenue to understand the deepened inequality in modern economy, which is based on the statistical physics property of wealth rather than the individual ability of owners. We call for verifications with real data.
description: 8 pages including 3 figures; v2) Eqns (46) and (47) added, minor changes, version to appear in Frontiers in Physics
Multiplexing Precision RVs: Searching for Close in Gas Giants in Open Clusters
Creators: name: Bailey, John I.
name: Mateo, Mario
name: White, Russel J.
name: Shectman, Stephen A.
name: Crane, Jeffrey D.
name: Olszewski, Edward W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a multiplexed, high-resolution (R~50,000 median) spectroscopic survey designed to detect exoplanet candidates in two southern star clusters (NGC 2516 and NGC 2422) using the Michigan/Magellan Fiber System (M2FS) on the Magellan/Clay telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. With 128 available fibers in our observing mode, we are able to target every star in the core half-degree of each cluster that could plausibly be a solar-analog member. Our template-based spectral fits provide precise measurements of fundamental stellar properties - $T_{eff}$ ($\pm$30 K), [Fe/H] and [$α$/Fe] ($\pm$0.02 dex), and $v_r\sin(i)$ ($\pm$0.3 km/s) - and radial velocities (RVs) by using telluric absorption features from 7160 to 7290 $Å$ as a wavelength reference for 251 mid-F to mid-K stars (126 in NGC 2516 and 125 in NGC 2422) that comprise our survey. In each cluster we have obtained ~10-12 epochs of our targets. Using repeat observations of an RV standard star we show our approach can attain a single-epoch velocity precision of 25 m/s to 60 m/s over a broad range of S/N throughout our observational baseline of 1.1 years. Our technique is suitable for non-rapidly rotating stars cooler than mid-F. In this paper we describe our observational sample, analysis methodology, and present a detailed study of the attainable precision and measurement capabilities of our approach. Subsequent papers will provide results for stars observed in the target clusters, analyze our dataset of RV time-series for stellar jitter and stellar and sub-stellar companions, and consider the implications of our findings on the clusters themselves.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal
Interval Analysis of Worst-case Stationary Moments for Stochastic Chemical Reactions with Uncertain Parameters
Creators: name: Sakurai, Yuta
name: Hori, Yutaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The dynamics of cellular chemical reactions are variable due to stochastic noise from intrinsic and extrinsic sources. The intrinsic noise is the intracellular fluctuations of molecular copy numbers caused by the probabilistic encounter of molecules and is modeled by the chemical master equation. The extrinsic noise, on the other hand, represents the intercellular variation of the kinetic parameters due to the variation of global factors affecting gene expression. The objective of this paper is to propose a theoretical framework to analyze the combined effect of the intrinsic and the extrinsic noise modeled by the chemical master equation with uncertain parameters. More specifically, we formulate a semidefinite program to compute the intervals of the stationary solution of uncertain moment equations whose parameters are given only partially in the form of the statistics of their distributions. The semidefinite program is derived without approximating the governing equation in contrast with many existing approaches. Thus, we can obtain guaranteed intervals of the worst possible values of the moments for all parameter distributions satisfying the given statistics, which are prohibitively hard to estimate from sample-path simulations since sampling from all possible uncertain distributions is difficult. We demonstrate the proposed optimization approach using two examples of stochastic chemical reactions and show that the solution of the optimization problem gives informative upper and lower bounds of the statistics of the stationary copy number distributions.
A Stochastic Optimization Framework for Fair Risk Minimization
Creators: name: Lowy, Andrew
name: Baharlouei, Sina
name: Pavan, Rakesh
name: Razaviyayn, Meisam
name: Beirami, Ahmad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Despite the success of large-scale empirical risk minimization (ERM) at achieving high accuracy across a variety of machine learning tasks, fair ERM is hindered by the incompatibility of fairness constraints with stochastic optimization. We consider the problem of fair classification with discrete sensitive attributes and potentially large models and data sets, requiring stochastic solvers. Existing in-processing fairness algorithms are either impractical in the large-scale setting because they require large batches of data at each iteration or they are not guaranteed to converge. In this paper, we develop the first stochastic in-processing fairness algorithm with guaranteed convergence. For demographic parity, equalized odds, and equal opportunity notions of fairness, we provide slight variations of our algorithm--called FERMI--and prove that each of these variations converges in stochastic optimization with any batch size. Empirically, we show that FERMI is amenable to stochastic solvers with multiple (non-binary) sensitive attributes and non-binary targets, performing well even with minibatch size as small as one. Extensive experiments show that FERMI achieves the most favorable tradeoffs between fairness violation and test accuracy across all tested setups compared with state-of-the-art baselines for demographic parity, equalized odds, equal opportunity. These benefits are especially significant with small batch sizes and for non-binary classification with large number of sensitive attributes, making FERMI a practical, scalable fairness algorithm. The code for all of the experiments in this paper is available at: https://github.com/optimization-for-data-driven-science/FERMI.
description: 44 pages
DE models with combined $H_0 \cdot r_d $ from BAO and CMB dataset and friends
Creators: name: Staicova, Denitsa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 83Fxx

description: It has been theorized that Dynamical Dark Energy (DDE) could be a possible solution to the Hubble tension. To avoid the degeneracy between the Hubble parameter $H_0$ and the sound horizon scale $r_d$, in this article we use their multiplication as one parameter $c/\left(H_0 r_d\right)$ and we use it to infer cosmological parameters for 6 different models - $Λ$CDM and 5 DDE parametrizations -- the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL), the Barboza-Alcaniz (BA), the Low correlation (LC), the Jassal-Bagla-Padmanabhan (JBP) and the Feng-Shen-Li-Li model. We choose a dataset that treats this combination as one parameter, that includes the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) data $0.11 \le z \le 2.40$ and additional points from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Peaks ($z \approx 1090$). To them, we add the marginalized Pantehon dataset and GRB dataset. We see that the tension is moved from $H_0$ and $r_d$ to $c/\left(H_0 r_d\right)$ and $Ω_m$. There is only one model that satisfies the Planck 2018 constraints on both parameters and this is LC with a huge error. The rest cannot fit into both constraints. $Λ$CDM is preferred with respect to the statistical measures.
description: 15 pages, final version published in the Special Issue of Universe "Modified Gravity Approaches to the Tensions of $\Lambda$CDM"
Production of ${\rm K}^{0}_{\rm{S}}$, $Λ$ ($\barΛ$), $Ξ^{\pm}$ and $Ω^{\pm}$ in jets and in the underlying event in pp and p$-$Pb collisions
Creators: name: ALICE Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of strange hadrons (K$^{0}_{\rm S}$, $Λ$, $Ξ^{\pm}$, and $Ω^{\pm}$), baryon-to-meson ratios ($Λ/{\rm K}^0_{\rm S}$, $Ξ/{\rm K}^0_{\rm S }$, and $Ω/{\rm K}^0_{\rm S}$), and baryon-to-baryon ratios ($Ξ/Λ$, $Ω/Λ$, and $Ω/Ξ$) associated with jets and the underlying event were measured as a function of transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV and p-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 5.02$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The inclusive production of the same particle species and the corresponding ratios are also reported. The production of multi-strange hadrons, $Ξ^{\pm}$ and $Ω^{\pm}$, and their associated particle ratios in jets and in the underlying event are measured for the first time. In both pp and p-Pb collisions, the baryon-to-meson and baryon-to-baryon yield ratios measured in jets differ from the inclusive particle production for low and intermediate hadron $p_{\rm T}$ (0.6$-$6 GeV/$c$). Ratios measured in the underlying event are in turn similar to those measured for inclusive particle production. In pp collisions, the particle production in jets is compared with PYTHIA 8 predictions with three colour-reconnection implementation modes. None of them fully reproduces the data in the measured hadron $p_{\rm T}$ region. The maximum deviation is observed for $Ξ^{\pm}$ and $Ω^{\pm}$, which reaches a factor of about six. In p-Pb collisions, there is no significant event-multiplicity dependence for particle production in jets, in contrast to what is observed in the underlying event. The presented measurements provide novel constraints on hadronisation and its Monte Carlo description. In particular, they demonstrate that the fragmentation of jets alone is insufficient to describe the strange and multi-strange particle production in hadronic collisions at LHC energies.
description: 35 pages, 16 captioned figures, 6 tables, authors from page 30, published version, figures at http://alice-publications.web.cern.ch/node/8628
Reconstruction of full sky CMB $\bf{E}$ and $\bf{B}$ modes spectra removing $\bf{E}$-to-$\bf{B}$ leakage from partial sky using deep learning
Creators: name: Pal, Srikanta
name: Saha, Rajib
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Incomplete sky analysis of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization spectra poses a major problem of leakage between $E$- and $B$-modes. We present a machine learning approach to remove this $E$-to-$B$ leakage using a convolutional neural network (CNN) in presence of detector noise. The CNN predicts the full sky $E$- and $B$-modes spectra for multipoles $2 \leq \ell \leq 384$ from the partial sky spectra for $N_{\rm{side}} = 256$. We use tensor-to-scalar ratio $r=0.001$ to simulate the CMB polarization maps. We train our CNN using $10^5$ full sky target spectra and an equal number of noise contaminated partial sky spectra obtained from the simulated maps. The CNN works well for two masks covering the sky area of $\sim 80\%$ and $\sim 10\%$ respectively after training separately for each mask. For the assumed theoretical $E$- and $B$-modes spectra, predicted full sky $E$- and $B$-modes spectra agree well with the corresponding target spectra and their means agree with theoretical spectra. The CNN preserves the cosmic variances at each multipole, effectively removes correlations of the partial sky $E$- and $B$-modes spectra, and retains the entire statistical properties of the targets avoiding the problem of so-called $E$-to-$B$ leakage for the chosen theoretical model.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures
Generalized Positive Energy Representations of Groups of Jets
Creators: name: Niestijl, Milan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B15, 17B65, 22E66, 17B56, 17B66, 46L30

description: Let $V$ be a finite-dimensional real vector space and $K$ a compact simple Lie group with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{k}$. Consider the Fréchet-Lie group $G := J_0^\infty(V; K)$ of $\infty$-jets at $0 \in V$ of smooth maps $V \to K$, with Lie algebra $\mathfrak{g} = J_0^\infty(V; \mathfrak{k})$. Let $P$ be a Lie group and write $\mathfrak{p} := \textrm{Lie}(P)$. Let $α$ be a smooth $P$-action on $G$. We study smooth projective unitary representations $\barρ$ of $G \rtimes_αP$ that satisfy a so-called generalized positive energy condition. In particular, this class captures representations that are in a suitable sense compatible with a KMS state on the von Neumann algebra generated by $\barρ(G)$. We show that this condition imposes severe restrictions on the derived representation $d\barρ$ of $\mathfrak{g} \rtimes \mathfrak{p}$, leading in particular to sufficient conditions for $\barρ\big|_{G}$ to factor through $J_0^2(V; K)$, or even through $K$.
description: v3 fixes some typos and small inaccuracies, and incorporates suggestions made by the reviewer. Published in Documenta Mathematica
The $\mathcal{X}$-series of a $p$-group and complements of abelian subgroups
Creators: name: Aivazidis, Stefanos
name: Loukaki, Maria
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $G$ be a $p$-group. We denote by $\mathcal{X}_i(G)$ the intersection of all subgroups of $G$ having index $p^i$, for $i \leq \log_p(|G|)$. In this paper, the newly introduced series $\{\mathcal{X}_i(G)\}_i$ is investigated and a number of results concerning its behaviour are proved. As an application of these results, we show that if an abelian subgroup $A$ of $G$ intersects each one of the subgroups $\mathcal{X}_i(G)$ at $\mathcal{X}_i(A)$, then $A$ has a complement in $G$. Conversely if an arbitrary subgroup $H$ of $G$ has a normal complement, then $\mathcal{X}_i(H) = \mathcal{X}_i(G) \cap H$.
Acylindricity of the action of right-angled Artin groups on extension graphs
Creators: name: Lee, Eon-Kyung
name: Lee, Sang-Jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20F36, 20F65

description: The action of a right-angled Artin group on its extension graph is known to be acylindrical because the cardinality of the so-called $r$-quasi-stabilizer of a pair of distant points is bounded above by a function of $r$. The known upper bound of the cardinality is an exponential function of $r$. In this paper we show that the $r$-quasi-stabilizer is a subset of a cyclic group and its cardinality is bounded above by a linear function of $r$. This is done by exploring lattice theoretic properties of group elements, studying prefixes of powers and extending the uniqueness of quasi-roots from word length to star length. We also improve the known lower bound for the minimal asymptotic translation length of a right angled Artin group on its extension graph.
Quantum spin models for numerosity perception
Creators: name: Malo, Jorge Yago
name: Cicchini, Guido Marco
name: Morrone, Maria Concetta
name: Chiofalo, Maria Luisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Humans share with animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates, the capacity to sense the number of items in their environment already at birth. The pervasiveness of this skill across the animal kingdom suggests that it should emerge in very simple populations of neurons. Current modelling literature, however, has struggled to suggest a simple architecture carrying out this task, with most proposals suggesting the emergence of number sense in multi-layered complex neural networks, and typically requiring supervised learning. We present a simple quantum spin model with all-to-all connectivity, where numerosity is encoded in the spectrum after stimulation with a number of transient signals occurring in a random or orderly temporal sequence. We use a paradigmatic simulational approach borrowed from the theory and methods of open quantum systems out of equilibrium, as a possible way to describe information processing in neural systems. Our method is able to capture many of the perceptual characteristics of numerosity in such systems. The frequency components of the magnetization spectra at harmonics of the system's tunneling frequency increase with the number of stimuli presented. The amplitude decoding of each spectrum, performed with an ideal-observer model, reveals that the system follows Weber's law, one of the hallmarks of numerosity perception across the animal kingdom. This contrasts with the well-known failure to reproduce Weber's law with linear system or accumulators models.
description: 19 pages, 9 figures
Localization of wave packets in one-dimensional random potentials
Creators: name: Valdes, Juan Pablo Ramírez
name: Wellens, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the expansion of an initially strongly confined wave packet in a one-dimensional weak random potential with short correlation length. At long times, the expansion of the wave packet comes to a halt due to destructive interferences leading to Anderson localization. We develop an analytical description for the disorder-averaged localized density profile. For this purpose, we employ the diagrammatic method of Berezinskii which we extend to the case of wave packets, present an analytical expression of the Lyapunov exponent which is valid for small as well as for high energies and, finally, develop a self-consistent Born approximation in order to analytically calculate the energy distribution of our wave packet. By comparison with numerical simulations, we show that our theory describes well the complete localized density profile, not only in the tails, but also in the center.
description: 16 pages and 7 figures
Binary pulsars as dark-matter probes
Creators: name: Pani, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: During the motion of a binary pulsar around the Galactic center, the pulsar and its companion experience a wind of dark-matter particles that can affect the orbital motion through dynamical friction. We show that this effect produces a characteristic seasonal modulation of the orbit and causes a secular change of the orbital period whose magnitude can be well within the astonishing precision of various binary-pulsar observations. Our analysis is valid for binary systems with orbital period longer than a day. By comparing this effect with pulsar-timing measurements, it is possible to derive model-independent upper bounds on the dark-matter density at different distances $D$ from the Galactic center. For example, the precision timing of J1713+0747 imposes $ρ_{\rm DM}\lesssim 10^5\,{\rm GeV/cm}^3$ at $D\approx7\,{\rm kpc}$. The detection of a binary pulsar at $D\lesssim 10\,{\rm pc}$ could provide stringent constraints on dark-matter halo profiles and on growth models of the central black hole. The Square Kilometer Array can improve current bounds by 2 orders of magnitude, potentially constraining the local density of dark matter to unprecedented levels.
description: 8+3 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. D; v2: matches published version
Optimality of increasing stability for an inverse boundary value problem
Creators: name: Kow, Pu-Zhao
name: Uhlmann, Gunther
name: Wang, Jenn-Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J15, 35R25, 35R30

description: In this work we study the optimality of increasing stability of the inverse boundary value problem (IBVP) for Schrödinger equation. The rigorous justification of increasing stability for the IBVP for Schrödinger equation were established by Isakov \cite{Isa11} and by Isakov, Nagayasu, Uhlmann, Wang of the paper \cite{INUW14}. In \cite{Isa11}, \cite{INUW14}, the authors showed that the stability of this IBVP increases as the frequency increases in the sense that the stability estimate changes from a logarithmic type to a Hölder type. In this work, we prove that the instability changes from an exponential type to a Hölder type when the frequency increases. This result verifies that results in \cite{Isa11}, \cite{INUW14} are optimal.
After Bell
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We analyze foundational consequences of recently announced loophole free tests of violation of Bell's inequality. We consider two interpretations of these remarkable experiments. By the conventional one "Einstein was wrong and Bohr was right, there is spooky action at a distance, quantum realism is incompatible with locality." However, we show that it is still possible to treat quantum mechanics without appealing to nonlocality or denying realism. We hope that this note will attract attention of the experts in quantum foundations and convince them to come with their own comments on the final Bell's test.
Promotion of Cooperation by Selective Group Extinction
Creators: name: Böttcher, Marvin A.
name: Nagler, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Multilevel selection is an important organizing principle that crucially underlies evolutionary processes from the emergence of cells to eusociality and the economics of nations. Previous studies on multilevel selection assumed that the effective higher-level selection emerges from lower-level reproduction. This leads to selection among groups, although only individuals reproduce. We introduce selective group extinction, where groups die with a probability inversely proportional to their group fitness. When accounting for this the critical benefit-to-cost ratio is substantially lowered. Because in game theory and evolutionary dynamics the degree of cooperation crucially depends on this ratio above which cooperation emerges previous studies may have substantially underestimated the establishment and maintenance of cooperation.
description: Accepted for publication in New Journal of Physics
Imaging with an ultra-thin reciprocal lens
Creators: name: Liu, Wenzhe
name: Chen, Jingguang
name: Li, Tongyu
name: Zhang, Zhe
name: Guan, Fang
name: Shi, Lei
name: Zi, Jian
name: Chan, C. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaging is of great importance in everyday life and various fields of science and technology. Conventional imaging is achieved by bending light rays originating from an object with a lens. Such ray bending requires space-variant structures, inevitably introducing a geometric center to the lens. To overcome the limitations arising from the conventional imaging mechanism, we consider imaging elements that employ a different mechanism, which we call reciprocal lenses. This type of imaging element relies on ray shifting, enabled by momentum-space-variant phase modulations in periodic structures. As such, it has the distinct advantage of not requiring alignment with a geometric center. Moreover, upright real images can be produced directly with a single reciprocal lens as the directions of rays are not changed. We realized an ultra-thin reciprocal lens based on a photonic crystal slab. We characterized the ray shifting behavior of the reciprocal lens and demonstrated imaging. Our work gives an alternative mechanism for imaging, and provides a new way to modulate electromagnetic waves.