cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Evolving black hole with scalar field accretion
Creators: name: de Cesare, Marco
name: Oliveri, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain approximate analytical solutions of the Einstein equations close to the trapping horizon for a dynamical spherically symmetric black hole in the presence of a minimally coupled self-interacting scalar field. This is made possible by a new parametrization of the metric, in which the displacement from the horizon as well as its expansion rate feature explicitly. Our results are valid in a neighbourhood of the horizon and hold for any scalar field potential and spacetime asymptotics. An exact equation for the accretion rate is also obtained, which generalizes the standard Bondi formula. We also develop a dynamical system approach to study near-equilibrium black holes; using this formalism, we focus on a simple model to show that the near-equilibrium dynamics is characterised by scaling relations among dynamical variables. Moreover, we show that solutions with purely ingoing energy-momentum flux never reach equilibrium.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure
MPEC 2023-U46 : 2023 TN22
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TN22

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Transmission Process
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: First, I raise some issues about a current class of models of monetary transmission in
which a short-term interest rate represents the transmission process. The class of models is so
widely accepted that the conclusions I challenge have become part of the canon. A different
class of models -- a more useful one, I believe -- does more than give different answers. Some
issues do not arise; they are no longer relevant. And some issues remain relevant but receive a
different answer. The role of money is one such issue.

Second, I discuss some of the evidence I have gathered from my study -- A History of the
Federal Reserve -- the work that has been my main occupation for the past four years. The two
pieces are joined, as I hope to show. The evidence from history shows that the transmission
process cannot be summarized by a single interest rate. In the final section, I present some
econometric evidence to supplement the historical data.
Additional file 5 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 5: Figure S4. DEPT-135 NMR spectrum of 4 in DMSO-d6.
The Traveling Salesman Problem with Neighborhoods: MINLP solution
Creators: name: Gentilini, Iacopo
name: Francois Margot
name: Shimada, Kenji
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The traveling salesman problem with neighborhoods extends the traveling salesman problem to the case where each vertex of the tour is allowed to move in a given region. This NP-hard optimization problem has recently received increasing attention in several technical fields such as robotics, unmanned aerial vehicles, or utility management. In this paper, the problem is formulated as a non-convex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Program (MINLP) having the property that fixing all the integer variables to any integer values yields a convex nonlinear program. This property is used to modify the global MINLP optimizer Couenne, improving by orders of magnitude its performance and allowing the exact solution of instances large enough to be useful in applications. Computational results are presented where neighborhoods are either polyhedra or ellipsoids in R2 or R3 and with the Euclidean norm as distance metric.
Resonant enhancement of particle emission from a parametrically driven condensate in a one-dimensional lattice
Creators: name: Lai, L. Q.
name: Yu, Y. B.
name: Mueller, Erich J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experiments, we investigate particle emission from a Bose-Einstein condensate in a one-dimensional lattice, where the interaction strength is periodically modulated. The modulated interactions parametrically excite a collective mode, leading to density oscillations. These collective oscillations in turn drive particle emission. This multistep process amplifies the drive, producing larger particle jets. We find that the amplitude dependence of the emission rate has a characteristic threshold behavior, as seen in experiments.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures
High-contrast Imaging with Spitzer: Deep Observations of Vega, Fomalhaut, and epsilon Eridani
Creators: name: Janson, Markus
name: Quanz, Sascha P.
name: Carson, Joseph C.
name: Thalmann, Christian
name: Lafreniere, David
name: Amara, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars with debris disks are intriguing targets for direct imaging exoplanet searches, both due to previous detections of wide planets in debris disk systems, as well as commonly existing morphological features in the disks themselves that may be indicative of a planetary influence. Here we present observations of three of the most nearby young stars, that are also known to host massive debris disks: Vega, Fomalhaut, and eps Eri. The Spitzer Space Telescope is used at a range of orientation angles for each star, in order to supply a deep contrast through angular differential imaging combined with high-contrast algorithms. The observations provide the opportunity to probe substantially colder bound planets (120--330 K) than is possible with any other technique or instrument. For Vega, some apparently very red candidate point sources detected in the 4.5 micron image remain to be tested for common proper motion. The images are sensitive to ~2 Mjup companions at 150 AU in this system. The observations presented here represent the first search for planets around Vega using Spitzer. The upper 4.5 micron flux limit on Fomalhaut b could be further constrained relative to previous data. In the case of eps Eri, planets below both the effective temperature and the mass of Jupiter could be probed from 80 AU and outwards, although no such planets were found. The data sensitively probe the regions around the edges of the debris rings in the systems where planets can be expected to reside. These observations validate previous results showing that more than an order of magnitude improvement in performance in the contrast-limited regime can be acquired with respect to conventional methods by applying sophisticated high-contrast techniques to space-based telescopes, thanks to the high degree of PSF stability provided in this environment.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Measuring Goal-Concordant Care in Palliative Care Research
Creators: name: Ernecoff, N.C.
name: Bennett, A.V.
name: Hanson, L.C.
name: Wessell, K.L
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Goal-concordant care is a priority outcome for palliative care research, yet the field lacks consensus on optimal methods for measurement. We sought to 1) categorize methods used to measure goal-concordant care, and 2) discuss strengths and limitations of each method using empirical examples from palliative care research. We categorized measurement methods for goal-concordant care. We identified empirical examples of each method to illustrate the strengths, limitations, and applicability of each method to relevant study designs. We defined four methods used to measure goal-concordant care: 1) Patient- or Caregiver-Reported, 2) Caregiver-Reported After Death, 3) Concordance in Longitudinal Data, and 4) Population-Level Indicators. Patient or caregiver-reported goal-concordant care draws on strengths of patient-reported outcomes, and can be captured for multiple aspects of treatment; these methods are subject to recall bias or family-proxy bias. Concordance in longitudinal data is optimal when a treatment preference can be specifically and temporally linked to actual treatment; the method is limited to common life-sustaining treatment choices and validity may be affected by temporal variation between preference and treatment. Population-level indicators allow pragmatic research to include large populations; its primary limitation is the assumption that preferences held by a majority of persons should correspond to patterns of actual treatment in similar populations. Methods used to measure goal-concordant care have distinct strengths and limitations, and methods should be selected based on research question and study design. Existing methods could be improved, yet a future gold standard is unlikely to suit all research designs.
Applying Patient-Reported Outcome Methodology to Capture Patient-Reported Health Data: Report From an NIH Collaboratory Roundtable
Creators: name: Chen, Ronald C.
name: Al-Khatib, Sana M.
name: Jonsson, Mattias
name: Weinfurt, Kevin P.
name: Bennett, Antonia V.
name: Curtis, Lesley H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: Patient-reported health data provide information for pragmatic clinical trials that may not be readily available from electronic health records or administrative claims data. In this report, we present key considerations for collecting patient-reported health information in pragmatic clinical trials, which are informed by best practices from patient-reported outcome research. We focus on question design and administration via electronic data collection platforms with respect to 3 types of patient-reported health data: medication use, utilization of health care services, and comorbid conditions. We summarize key scientific literature on the accuracy of these patient-reported data compared with electronic health record data. We discuss question design in detail, specifically defining the concept to be measured, patient understanding of the concept, recall periods of the question, and patient willingness to report. In addition, we discuss approaches for question administration and data collection platforms, which are key aspects of successful patient-reported data collection.
Self-Activating Neural Ensembles for Continual Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Powers, Sam
name: Xing, Eliot
name: Gupta, Abhinav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The ability for an agent to continuously learn new skills without catastrophically forgetting existing knowledge is of critical importance for the development of generally intelligent agents. Most methods devised to address this problem depend heavily on well-defined task boundaries, and thus depend on human supervision. Our task-agnostic method, Self-Activating Neural Ensembles (SANE), uses a modular architecture designed to avoid catastrophic forgetting without making any such assumptions. At the beginning of each trajectory, a module in the SANE ensemble is activated to determine the agent's next policy. During training, new modules are created as needed and only activated modules are updated to ensure that unused modules remain unchanged. This system enables our method to retain and leverage old skills, while growing and learning new ones. We demonstrate our approach on visually rich procedurally generated environments.
description: Code available here: https://github.com/AGI-Labs/continual_rl
The Wall Street Journal Position on Exchange Rates
Creators: name: McCallum, Bennett T.
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The Wall Street Journal is an important newspaper that similarly features writings by a number of individuals in various capacities, but whose editorial and op-ed writings convey a reasonably consistent position on many economic issues. Among these, it seems, are preferences for minimal amounts of government regulation of markets and near-zero inflation, together with an assignment of inflation responsibility to monetary policy. Thus the Wall Street Journal (henceforth, WSJ) positions on inflation and market regulations are broadly similar to those of the SOMC
Additional file 6 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 6: Figure S5. 1H-1H COSY spectrum of 4 in DMSO-d6.
The Target Problem As Seen "On the Inside"
Creators: name: Meltzer, Allan
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: As a long-term participant in the discussion of targets and indicators of monetary policy, I want to take the opportunity presented by the appearance of a book on Federal Reserve operating procedures [1] written by "insiders" to look at the progress they have made, or failed to make, in developing an analysis of operating procedures. It is now almost eight years since Karl Brunner and I [2] tried to disentangle the several functions of free reserves or short-term interest rates in the Federal Reserve1s descriptions of policy actions and operations. At the time,we identified three main functions which we named the target, indicator, and causal role of free reserves. In later work, we attempted to formalize our analysis.
Η Μεταλλική κατασκευή στον ευρωπαϊκό χώρο
Creators: name: Βογιατζής, Τζανετής
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: ΜΕΤΑΛΛΙΚΕΣ ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΕΣ
ΣΙΔΗΡΕΣ ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΕΣ
ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΕΣ ΑΠΟ ΔΟΜΙΚΟ ΧΑΛΥΒΑ
ΕΥΡΩΚΩΔΙΚΑΣ 3
ΔΟΜΙΚΑ ΣΤΟΙΧΕΙΑ ΧΑΛΥΒΑ

description: Την τελευταία 15ετία έχει σημειωθεί σημαντική ανάπτυξη των κατασκευών από δομικό χάλυβα και πέρα από τα σύνορα παραδοσιακών χωρών όπως η Αγγλία και η Γερμανία. Τα γνωστά πλεονεκτήματα των μεταλλικών κατασκευών συμπληρώνονται και με την πλήρη ανακυκλωσιμότητα του υλικού γεγονός που σηματοδοτεί περαιτέρω ανάπτυξη του κλάδου δεδομένης της αυξανόμενης περιβαλλοντικής ευαισθησίας. Ένα άλλο ιδιαίτερο χαρακτηριστικό των κατασκευών από χάλυβα είναι η δυνατότητα που προσφέρουν για την δημιουργία “απεριόριστων αρχιτεκτονικών λύσεων”, χωρίς δεσμεύσεις και σε χαμηλό κατασκευαστικό κόστος. Είναι γεγονός ότι στα συγκεκριμένα έργα η αρχιτεκτονική σύνθεση υλοποιείται μόνο και με την έντονη παρουσία του δομοστατικού μηχανικού, ο οποίος μπορεί να προσφέρει λύσεις ακόμη και για τις πιο απόλυτες αρχιτεκτονικές ιδέες
title:  Il paradigma del neutro: la tecnica della certezza dell’incertezza
Creators: name: Marzo, Pier Luca
Publisher: name: Roma TrE-Press
Year: 2016

description: This paper focuses on the state of paradigms in the Age of Technique. What we indicate as a paradigmatic transition as well as the disciplinary division process, is the effect produced by the impact of technique on the world of knowledge. Within this framework, the paper tries to understand this effect of impact through a paradigmatic atypical form: that of the neuter. In order to describe this atypical paradigm, this paper is divided into three parts. The paradigm will be first explored as a conceptual place through the categories of point, line and surface. These three elements produce the plan of representation in which the phenomena appear as an image of truth. It will then move outside to reach the land of “uncertainty”; it is here that thought loses and creates paradigms. In the final part, the paper, will put in evidence the paradigm of the neuter as a totally abstract reticulated space able to deform any figure of truth. As such, this paradigm is the operative space of technique.
A simple nonconforming tetrahedral element for the Stokes equations
Creators: name: Hansbo, Peter
name: Larson, Mats G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we apply a nonconforming rotated bilinear tetrahedral element to the Stokes problem in $\mathbb{R}^3$. We show that the element is stable in combination with a piecewise linear, continuous, approximation of the pressure. This gives an approximation similar to the well known continuous $P^2-P^1$ Taylor$-$Hood element, but with fewer degrees of freedom. The element is a stable non-conforming low order element which fulfils Korn's inequality, leading to stability also in the case where the Stokes equations are written on stress form for use in the case of free surface flow.
MPEC 2023-U47 : 2023 TP22
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 TP22

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
FedNest: Federated Bilevel, Minimax, and Compositional Optimization
Creators: name: Tarzanagh, Davoud Ataee
name: Li, Mingchen
name: Thrampoulidis, Christos
name: Oymak, Samet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Standard federated optimization methods successfully apply to stochastic problems with single-level structure. However, many contemporary ML problems -- including adversarial robustness, hyperparameter tuning, and actor-critic -- fall under nested bilevel programming that subsumes minimax and compositional optimization. In this work, we propose \fedblo: A federated alternating stochastic gradient method to address general nested problems. We establish provable convergence rates for \fedblo in the presence of heterogeneous data and introduce variations for bilevel, minimax, and compositional optimization. \fedblo introduces multiple innovations including federated hypergradient computation and variance reduction to address inner-level heterogeneity. We complement our theory with experiments on hyperparameter \& hyper-representation learning and minimax optimization that demonstrate the benefits of our method in practice. Code is available at https://github.com/ucr-optml/FedNest.
description: ICML 2022 (accepted as a long presentation), 34 pages, 6 figures
Non-orientable genus of knots in punctured Spin 4-manifolds
Creators: name: Sato, Kouki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a closed 4-manifold $X$ and a knot $K$ in the boundary of punctured $X$, we define $γ_X^0(K)$ to be the smallest first Betti number of non-orientable and null-homologous surfaces in punctured $X$ with boundary $K$. Note that $γ^0_{S^4}$ is equal to the non-orientable 4-ball genus and hence $γ^0_X$ is a generalization of the non-orientable 4-ball genus. While it is very likely that for given $X$, $γ^0_X$ has no upper bound, it is difficult to show it. In fact, even in the case of $γ^0_{S^4}$, its non-boundedness was shown for the first time by Batson in 2012. In this paper, we prove that for any Spin 4-manifold $X$, $γ^0_X$ has no upper bound.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
MHD simulation of Solar Eruption from Active Region 11429 Driven by Photospheric Velocity Field
Creators: name: Wang, Xinyi
name: Jiang, Chaowei
name: Feng, Xueshang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Data-driven simulation is becoming an important approach for realistically characterizing the configuration and evolution of solar active regions, revealing the onset mechanism of solar eruption events and hopefully achieving the goal of accurate space weather forecast, which is beyond the scope of any existing theoretical modelling. Here we performed a full 3D MHD simulation using the data-driven approach and followed the whole evolution process from quasi-static phase to eruption successfully for solar active region NOAA 11429. The MHD system was driven at the bottom boundary by photospheric velocity field, which is derived by the DAVE4VM method from the observed vector magnetograms. The simulation shows that a magnetic flux rope was generated by persistent photospheric flow before the flare onset and then triggered to erupt by torus instability. Our simulation demonstrates a high degree of consistency with observations in the pre-eruption magnetic structure, the time scale of quasi-static stage, the pattern of flare ribbons as well as the time evolution of magnetic energy injection and total unsigned magnetic flux. We further found that an eruption can also be initiated in the simulation as driven by only the horizontal components of photospheric flow, but a comparison of the different simulations indicates that the vertical flow at the bottom boundary is necessary in reproducing more realistically these observed features, emphasizing the importance of flux emergence during the development of this AR.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
Ontology-Mediated Querying on Databases of Bounded Cliquewidth
Creators: name: Lutz, Carsten
name: Sabellek, Leif
name: Schulze, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the evaluation of ontology-mediated queries (OMQs) on databases of bounded cliquewidth from the viewpoint of parameterized complexity theory. As the ontology language, we consider the description logics $\mathcal{ALC}$ and $\mathcal{ALCI}$ as well as the guarded two-variable fragment GF$_2$ of first-order logic. Queries are atomic queries (AQs), conjunctive queries (CQs), and unions of CQs. All studied OMQ problems are fixed-parameter linear (FPL) when the parameter is the size of the OMQ plus the cliquewidth. Our main contribution is a detailed analysis of the dependence of the running time on the parameter, exhibiting several interesting effects.
Thermodynamics and Helium- Reply
Creators: name: Epple, Dennis
name: Lave, Lester B
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: We thank Dr. Huwe for his observations.  Although the second law poses fundamental limits to economic as well as physical processes, the economy generally operates so far away from these limits that they are not the binding constraint.
The naturalisation of dependence: the state, the new middle class and women workers 1830-1930
Creators: name: Deacon, Desley
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 1985
Subjects: subject: Sex discrimination in employment History Australia New South Wales
subject: Women Government policy History Australia New South Wales

description: This thesis challenges current neo-Marxist, feminist and neo-Weberian theories of the state which ignore or underestimate the role of state bureaucrats in the construction of state institutions and the formulation and implementation of state policies. Drawing on theories of the new middle class and intellectuals which emphasise the potential of educated workers for autonomous and united action, the thesis examines the role of public servants, doctors and lawyers in determining the form of the New South Wales state and some of its major institutions and policies between 1830 and 1930. The thesis focuses in particular on the influence of new middle class men on state labour market and family policies concerning women. Using the New South Wales public service as a case study, it explores aspects of the development of the new middle class during this period, and documents the strategies by which three groups within this class - male public servants, doctors and lawyers - attempted to extend and control their labour markets through the agency of the state, and the effect of those strategies on educated women workers. The study finds a contrast between an early period of relative tolerance of labour market competition from women and a later period of exclusion, domination and marginalisation in which women were confined to a secondary labour market. It relates these changes to variations in the labour market conditions and political power of new middle class men and women. Arguing that the economic and political conditions of the period after 1882 gave new middle class men the motivation and power to use the coercive and ideological resources of the state to protect their own labour market position, it shows, through a study of the interpretation of occupational statistics, public personnel policies, the infant welfare program and the arbitration system, how new middle class men contributed to the intensification of gender differentiation, the exclusion of women from the primary labour market, and to the institutionalisation of dependence as the natural status of women.
The Four Loop QCD Rapidity Anomalous Dimension
Creators: name: Moult, Ian
name: Zhu, Hua Xing
name: Zhu, Yu Jiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapidity anomalous dimension controls the scaling of transverse momentum dependent observables in the Sudakov region. In a conformal theory it is equivalent to the soft anomalous dimension, but in QCD this relation is broken by anomalous terms proportional to the $β$-function. In this paper we first give a simple proof of this relation using two different representations of the energy-energy correlator observable. We then calculate the anomalous terms to three loops by computing the three-loop fully differential soft function to $\mathcal{O}(ε)$. Combined with recent perturbative data from the study of on-shell form factors and splitting functions, this allows us to derive the four loop rapidity anomalous dimension in QCD.
description: references added
Analysis of ballistic transport and resonance in the $α$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou model
Creators: name: Bohm, Nathaniel
name: Schelling, Patrick K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ballistic transport and resonance phenomena are elucidated in the one-dimensional $α$-Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou (FPUT) model using an approach of computing thermal response functions. The existence of periodic oscillations in spatially sinusoidal temperature profiles seen in previous studies is confirmed. However, the results obtained using response functions enable a more complete understanding. In particular, it is shown that resonance involves beats between normal modes which tend to reinforce in a one-dimensional chain. Anharmonic scattering acts to destroy phase coherence across the statistical ensemble, and with increasing anharmonicity, transport is driven towards the diffusive regime. These results provide additional insight into anomalous heat transport in low-dimensional systems. Normal-mode scattering is also explored using time correlation functions. Interestingly, these calculations, in addition to demonstrating loss of phase coherence across an ensemble of simulations, appear to show evidence of so-called q-breathers in conditions of strong anharmonicity. Finally, we describe how the approach outlined here could be developed to include quantum statistics and also also first-principles estimates of phonon scattering rates to elucidate second sound and ballistic transport in realistic materials at low temperatures.
description: 22 pages, 19 figures, submitting to Phys. Rev. E
The Price of Diversifiable Risk in Venture Capital and Private Equity
Creators: name: Ewens, Michael
name: Jones, Charles M.
name: Rhodes-Kropf, Matthew
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 150399 Business and Management not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper explores the venture capital (VC) market and extends the standard principal-agent problem between the investor and venture capitalist to show how it alters the interaction between the venture capitalist and the entrepreneur. The nature of the three way interaction results in a correlation between total risk and investor net of fee returns. Thus, we show how and why diversifiable risk should be priced in VC deals even though investors are fully diversified. We then take our theory to a unique data set and show that there is a strong correlation between realized risk and investor returns, as predicted by the theory.
Additional file 7 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 7: Figure S6. 1H-13C HSQC spectrum of 4 in DMSO-d6.
Use of Food to Cope With Culturally Relevant Stressful Life Events Is Associated With Body Mass Index in African American Women
Creators: name: Sheffield-Abdullah, K.
name: Zimmer, C.
name: Woods-Giscombe, C.L.
name: Frazier, T.
name: Bravo, L.
name: Lackey, C.
name: Muhirwa, A.
name: Brooks, J.
name: Smith, R.
name: Lobel, M.
name: Bey, G.
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2021

description: BACKGROUND: Although stress is an established contributor to obesity (in general population studies), mechanisms to explain this association in African American women that incorporate culturally relevant frameworks have received little attention. OBJECTIVE: To investigate how stress is associated with body mass index (BMI) in this population, we examined multivariate models of BMI predicted by race-related, gender-related, and generic stressful life events and by use of food to cope with stress. We hypothesized that the three types of stressful life events would be indirectly associated with BMI through using food to cope with stress. METHODS: Psychometrically robust measures were included in surveys administered to a socioeconomically diverse sample of 189 African American women aged 21-78 years. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. We examined race-related, gender-related, and generic stressful life events as latent constructs indicated by exposure to and appraisal of potential stressors predicting a mediator, using food to cope, which predicted BMI; this model also included direct paths from the three latent stressful life event constructs to BMI. RESULTS: Almost every participant reported using food in some way to cope with stress; 33% and 42% met established criteria for overweight and obesity, respectively. The race-related stressful life event construct was the only latent construct predicting using food to cope with stress, and using food to cope with stress predicted BMI. A significance test of indirect effects demonstrated that the race-related stressful life event construct was indirectly associated with BMI through the mediator, using food to cope. DISCUSSION: Culturally relevant stress exposures and stress-related eating are important areas of foci for tackling overweight, obesity, and related health inequities in African American women. Findings highlight the importance of developing more complex models to understand the stress-related factors that elevate risk for overweight and obesity in this population.
Theoretical investigation of orbital alignment of x-ray-ionized atoms in exotic electronic configurations
Creators: name: Budewig, Laura
name: Son, Sang-Kil
name: Santra, Robin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically study orbital alignment in x-ray-ionized atoms and ions, based on improved electronic-structure calculations starting from the Hartree-Fock-Slater model. We employ first-order many-body perturbation theory to improve the Hartree-Fock-Slater calculations and show that the use of first-order-corrected energies yields significantly better transition energies than originally obtained. The improved electronic-structure calculations enable us also to compute individual state-to-state cross sections and transition rates and, thus, to investigate orbital alignment induced by linearly polarized x rays. To explore the orbital alignment of transiently formed ions after photoionization, we discuss alignment parameters and ratios of individual state-resolved photoionization cross sections for initially neutral argon and two exotic electronic configurations that may be formed during x-ray multiphoton ionization dynamics induced by x-ray free-electron lasers. We also present how the orbital alignment is affected by Auger-Meitner decay and demonstrate how it evolves during a sequence of one photoionization and one Auger-Meitner decay. Our present work establishes a step toward investigation of orbital alignment in atomic ionization driven by high-intensity x rays.
description: 16 pages and 6 figures
Experimental and theoretical study of red-shifted solitonic resonant radiation in photonic crystal fibers and generation of radiation seeded Raman solitons
Creators: name: Bose, Surajit
name: Roy, Samudra
name: Chattopadhyay, Rik
name: Pal, Mrinmay
name: Bhadra, Shyamal K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The red shifted solitonic resonant radiation is a fascinating phase matching phenomenon that occurs when an optical pulse, launched in the normal dispersion regime of photonic crystal fiber, radiates across the zero dispersion wavelength. The formation of such phase-matched radiation is independent of the generation of any optical soliton and mainly governed by the leading edge of input pump which forms a shock front. The radiation is generated at the anomalous dispersion regime and found to be confined both in time and frequency domain. We experimentally investigate the formation of such radiations in photonic crystal fibers with detailed theoretical analysis. Our theoretical predictions corroborate well with experimental results. Further we extend our study for long length fiber and investigate the interplay between red-shifted solitonic resonant radiation and intrapulse Raman scattering (IPRS). It is observed that series of radiation-seeded Raman solitons are generated in anomalous dispersion regime.
Cooperative Reflection and Synchronization Design for Distributed Multiple-RIS Communications
Creators: name: Zhao, Yaqiong
name: Xu, Wei
name: You, Xiaohu
name: Wang, Ning
name: Sun, Huan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: To reap the promised gain achieved by distributed reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs)-enhanced communications in a wireless network, timing synchronization among these metasurfaces is an essential prerequisite in practice. This paper proposes a unified framework for the joint estimation of the unknown timing offsets and the RIS channel parameters, as well as the design of cooperative reflection and synchronization algorithm for the distributed multiple-RIS communication. Considering that RIS is usually a passive device with limited capability of signal processing, the individual timing offset and channel gains of each hop of the RIS links cannot be directly estimated. To make the estimation tractable, we propose to estimate the cascaded channels and timing offsets jointly by deriving a maximum likelihood estimator. Furthermore, we theoretically characterize the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) to evaluate the accuracy of this estimator. By using the proposed estimator and the derived CRLBs, an efficient resynchronization algorithm is devised jointly at the RISs and the destination to compensate the multiple timing offsets. Based on the majorization-minimization framework, the proposed algorithm admits semi-closed and closed form solutions for the RIS reflection matrices and the timing offset equalizer, respectively. Simulation results verify that our theoretical analysis well matches the numerical tests and validate the effectiveness of the proposed resynchronization algorithm.
Additional file 8 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 8: Figure S7. 1H-13C HMBC spectrum of 4 in DMSO-d6.
Towards Proactively Forecasting Sentence-Specific Information Popularity within Online News Documents
Creators: name: Roy, Sayar Ghosh
name: Padhi, Anshul
name: Jain, Risubh
name: Gupta, Manish
name: Varma, Vasudeva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multiple studies have focused on predicting the prospective popularity of an online document as a whole, without paying attention to the contributions of its individual parts. We introduce the task of proactively forecasting popularities of sentences within online news documents solely utilizing their natural language content. We model sentence-specific popularity forecasting as a sequence regression task. For training our models, we curate InfoPop, the first dataset containing popularity labels for over 1.7 million sentences from over 50,000 online news documents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dataset automatically created using streams of incoming search engine queries to generate sentence-level popularity annotations. We propose a novel transfer learning approach involving sentence salience prediction as an auxiliary task. Our proposed technique coupled with a BERT-based neural model exceeds nDCG values of 0.8 for proactive sentence-specific popularity forecasting. Notably, our study presents a non-trivial takeaway: though popularity and salience are different concepts, transfer learning from salience prediction enhances popularity forecasting. We release InfoPop and make our code publicly available: https://github.com/sayarghoshroy/InfoPopularity
description: In 33rd ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media [HT '22] (Main Track), Link: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3511095.3531268
High mobility back-gated InAs/GaSb double quantum well grown on GaSb substrate
Creators: name: Nguyen, Binh-Minh
name: Yi, Wei
name: Noah, Ramsey
name: Thorp, Jacob
name: Sokolich, Marko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report a backgated InAs/GaSb double quantum well device grown on GaSb substrate. The use of the native substrate allows for high materials quality with electron mobility in excess of 500,000 cm2/Vs at sheet charge density of 8x1011 cm-2 and approaching 100,000 cm2/Vs near the charge neutrality point (CNP). Lattice matching between the quantum well structure and the substrate eliminates the need for a thick buffer, enabling large back gate capacitance and efficient coupling with the conduction channels in the quantum wells. As a result, quantum Hall effects are observed in both electron and hole regimes across the hybridization gap.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
“I’ve held my breath for five years.” A Firsthand Account of Workforce Precarity in Western North Carolina
Creators: name: Stites, Samuel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: 
The report presents a credible firsthand account of the relevant experiences of a self- identified low wage worker of a rural county of Western North Carolina. The worker is a public employee in a sanitation department referred to as ‘Ian,’ but his real identity and place of work remain confidential throughout.

From his testimony, tensions in the mechanics of work can be exposed and understood, and appropriate policy and organizing solutions can be advocated for and informed by this knowledge. The conditions presented in the case vary in their specificity to the sector, geography, and individual circumstances of the worker, but the information is useful to a broader civic audience, nonetheless.
Active RISs: Signal Modeling, Asymptotic Analysis, and Beamforming Design
Creators: name: Zhang, Zijian
name: Dai, Linglong
name: Chen, Xibi
name: Liu, Changhao
name: Yang, Fan
name: Schober, Robert
name: Poor, H. Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a candidate technology for future 6G networks. However, due to the "multiplicative fading" effect, the existing passive RISs only achieve a negligible capacity gain in environments with strong direct links. In this paper, the concept of active RISs is studied to overcome this fundamental limitation. Unlike the existing passive RISs that reflect signals without amplification, active RISs can amplify the reflected signals via amplifiers integrated into their elements. To characterize the signal amplification and incorporate the noise introduced by the active components, we verify the signal model of active RISs through the experimental measurements on a fabricated active RIS element. Based on the verified signal model, we formulate the sum-rate maximization problem for an active RIS aided multi-user multiple-input single-output (MU-MISO) system and a joint transmit precoding and reflect beamforming algorithm is proposed to solve this problem. Simulation results show that, in a typical wireless system, the existing passive RISs can realize only a negligible sum-rate gain of 3%, while the active RISs can achieve a significant sum-rate gain of 62%, thus overcoming the "multiplicative fading" effect. Finally, we develop a 64-element active RIS aided wireless communication prototype, and the significant gain of active RISs is validated by field test.
description: Accepted by IEEE GLOBECOM 2022. This paper includes a 64-element active RIS aided wireless communication prototype and the field test results. The journal version is at: arXiv:2103.15154. Simulation codes are provided at: http://oa.ee.tsinghua.edu.cn/dailinglong/publications/publications.html
Suppression of excited-state effects in lattice determination of nucleon electromagnetic form factors
Creators: name: von Hippel, G. M.
name: Capitani, S.
name: Djukanovic, D.
name: Hua, J.
name: Jäger, B.
name: Junnarkar, P.
name: Meyer, H. B.
name: Rae, T. D.
name: Wittig, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the ability of a variety of fitting techniques to extract the ground state matrix elements of the vector current from ratios of nucleon three- and two-point functions that contain contaminations from excited states. Extending our high-statistics study of nucleon form factors, we are able to demonstrate that the treatment of excited-state contributions in conjunction with approaching the physical pion mass has a significant impact on the $Q^2$-dependence of the form factors.
description: 7 pages, 5 pdf figures; talk presented at Lattice 2014 -- 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, 23-28 June, 2014, Columbia University New York, NY
Additional file 9 of Non-canonical two-step biosynthesis of anti-oomycete indole alkaloids in Kickxellales
Creators: name: Rassbach, Johannes
name: Hilsberg, Nathalie
name: Haensch, Veit G.
name: Dörner, Sebastian
name: Gressler, Julia
name: Sonnabend, Robin
name: Semm, Caroline
name: Voigt, Kerstin
name: Hertweck, Christian
name: Gressler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 9: Figure S8. 1H-1H TOCSY spectrum of 4 in DMSO-d6.
Robust Reconstruction of Complex Networks from Sparse Data
Creators: name: Han, Xiao
name: Shen, Zhesi
name: Wang, Wen-Xu
name: Di, Zengru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reconstructing complex networks from measurable data is a fundamental problem for understanding and controlling collective dynamics of complex networked systems. However, a significant challenge arises when we attempt to decode structural information hidden in limited amounts of data accompanied by noise and in the presence of inaccessible nodes. Here, we develop a general framework for robust reconstruction of complex networks from sparse and noisy data. Specifically, we decompose the task of reconstructing the whole network into recovering local structures centered at each node. Thus, the natural sparsity of complex networks ensures a conversion from the local structure reconstruction into a sparse signal reconstruction problem that can be addressed by using the lasso, a convex optimization method. We apply our method to evolutionary games, transportation and communication processes taking place in a variety of model and real complex networks, finding that universal high reconstruction accuracy can be achieved from sparse data in spite of noise in time series and missing data of partial nodes. Our approach opens new routes to the network reconstruction problem and has potential applications in a wide range of fields.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables