cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Statefinder parameters for quintom dark energy model
Creators: name: Wu, Puxun
name: Yu, Hongwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform in this paper a statefinder diagnostic to a dark energy model with two scalar fields, called "quintom", where one of the scalar fields has a canonical kinetic energy term and the other has a negative one. Several kinds of potentials are discussed. Our results show that the statefinder diagnostic can differentiate quintom model with other dark energy models.
description: 11 pages, including 8 figures, added references
New Media and Contemporary society Invited talk 2019
Creators: name: Lahiri, Indrani
Publisher: name: De Montfort University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: July 17, 2019, Jadavpur UniversityDigital society and mental health have a complex relationship globally. India hosts approximately 462 million internet users (Statista, 2017), making the world’s second-largest consumer nation immediately after China. On the other hand, according to India Today (2018), “[T], the average suicide rate in India is 10.9 for every lakh people and the majority of people who commit suicide are below 44 years of age”. WHO report (2016) confirms India to be the most depressed country in the world. The last census (2011) report of the India government mentions 73% literacy rate. Ian Jack (Guardian, 2018) claimed in an article that India is home to 600 million young people, under the age of 25. All of these statistics certainly direct us to rethink on the future potential of India’s human and social capital and the inevitable global impact. Although there are reports that evidence the impact of social media on young adults, still there is a dearth of empirical research into how the young adults (18-35years), particularly students at the university level, experience and engage with social media. This work in progress paper examines some of the preliminary findings from the data collection that started in July 2019, although, the initial project started in February 2019. Based on the initial findings from the data collected through ethnographic focus group interviews with 60 postgraduate students, the project (phase I) proposes to expand the investigation on how digital society is perceived by young adults in India and proposes to investigate the impact of digital media, particularly social media, on mental health.
Probing the environment in Gamma-ray bursts: the case of an X-ray precursor, afterglow late onset and wind vs constant density profile in GRB011121 and GRB011211
Creators: name: Piro, L.
name: De Pasquale, M.
name: Soffitta, P.
name: Lazzati, D.
name: Amati, L.
name: Costa, E.
name: Feroci, M.
name: Frontera, F.
name: Guidorzi, C.
name: Zand, J. M. J. in 't
name: Montanari, E.
name: Nicastro, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present BeppoSax and XMM observations of two long Gamma-ray bursts, the X-ray rich event of December 11, 2001 (GRB011211) and the hard and very bright event of November 21, 2001 (GRB011121). In both events we find evidence of a late X-ray burst, taking place several minutes after the prompt emission. The temporal and spectral behaviour of this phenomenon suggest that it represents the onset of the afterglow. Broad band spectral modelling of the afterglow indicate that the fireball evolution in the December burst takes place in a ISM environment. On the contrary in the November burst the wind case is revealed by an X-ray decay slower than that observed in the optical ($δ_{\rm X}=1.29\pm0.04$ vs $δ_{\rm O}=1.66\pm0.06$). The wind profile should change into a constant density profile at large radii, in order to reconcile late-time radio data with a jet. Two other results are obtained for this burst. An X-ray burst is preceding by about 30 s the much harder GRB. Contrary to the prediction of simple models of precursor activity for collapsars, its spectrum is not consistent with a black body. Finally, a substantial absorption column ($\NH=(7\pm2)\times10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$) is detected during the early part of the prompt emission. This is much greater than that of the wind, and it is thus likely associated with the region surrounding the burst.
description: Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal
Superfluid, Mott-Insulator, and Mass-Density-Wave Phases in the One-Dimensional Extended Bose-Hubbard Model
Creators: name: Pai, Ramesh V.
name: Pandit, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use the finite-size density-matrix-renormalization-group (FSDMRG) method to obtain the phase diagram of the one-dimensional ($d = 1$) extended Bose-Hubbard model for density $ρ= 1$ in the $U-V$ plane, where $U$ and $V$ are, respectively, onsite and nearest-neighbor interactions. The phase diagram comprises three phases: Superfluid (SF), Mott Insulator (MI) and Mass Density Wave (MDW). For small values of $U$ and $V$, we get a reentrant SF-MI-SF phase transition. For intermediate values of interactions the SF phase is sandwiched between MI and MDW phases with continuous SF-MI and SF-MDW transitions. We show, by a detailed finite-size scaling analysis, that the MI-SF transition is of Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) type whereas the MDW-SF transition has both KT and two-dimensional-Ising characters. For large values of $U$ and $V$ we get a direct, first-order, MI-MDW transition. The MI-SF, MDW-SF and MI-MDW phase boundaries join at a bicritical point at ($U, V) = (8.5 \pm 0.05, 4.75 \pm 0.05)$.
description: 10 pages, 15 figures
Mass Media in the digital era Keynote Rabindra Bharati University
Creators: name: Lahiri, Indrani
Publisher: name: De Montfort University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 170113 Social and Community Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: February 28, 2019The Department of Mass Communication and Videography, Rabindra Bharati University will organize a One-day International Seminar on “Mass Media in the Era of Digitisation: Challenges and Opportunities” on the 28th of February, 2019 (Thursday) at Sarada Kaksha. The primary purpose of organizing this seminar is to make available to the scholars of this discipline an intellectual platform to discuss and exchange opinion on diverse aspects of the dynamics of digitization and the mass media.
Composition in Differential Privacy for General Granularity Notions
Creators: name: Guerra-Balboa, Patricia
name: Miranda-Pascual, Àlex
name: Parra-Arnau, Javier
name: Strufe, Thorsten
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2024

description: The composition theorems of differential privacy (DP) allow data curators to combine different algorithms to obtain a new algorithm that continues to satisfy DP. However, new granularity notions (i.e., neighborhood definitions), data domains, and composition settings have appeared in the literature that the classical composition theorems do not cover. For instance, the original parallel composition theorem does not translate well to general granularity notions. This complicates the opportunity of composing DP mechanisms in new settings and obtaining accurate estimates of the incurred privacy loss after composition. 
 
 To overcome these limitations, we study the composability of DP in a general framework and for any kind of data domain or neighborhood definition. We give a general composition theorem in both independent and adaptive versions and we provide analogous composition results for approximate, zero-concentrated, and Gaussian DP. Besides, we study the hypothesis needed to obtain the best composition bounds. Our theorems cover both parallel and sequential composition settings. Importantly, they also cover every setting in between, allowing us to compute the final privacy loss of a composition with greatly improved accuracy.
Indirect Sensitivities to the Scale of Supersymmetry
Creators: name: Ellis, J.
name: Heinemeyer, S.
name: Olive, K. A.
name: Weiglein, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Precision measurements, now and at a future linear electron-positron collider (ILC), can provide indirect information about the possible scale of supersymmetry. We illustrate the present-day and possible future ILC sensitivities within the constrained minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), in which there are three independent soft supersymmetry-breaking parameters m_{1/2}, m_0 and A_0. We analyze the present and future sensitivities separately for M_W, sin^2(theta_eff), (g-2)_mu, BR(b -> s gamma), BR(B_s -> mu+ mu-), M_h and Higgs branching ratios. We display the observables as functions of m_{1/2}, fixing m_0 so as to obtain the cold dark matter density allowed by WMAP and other cosmological data for specific values of A_0, tan beta and mu > 0. In a second step, we investigate the combined sensitivity of the currently available precision observables, M_W, sin^2(theta_eff), (g-2)_mu and BR(b -> s gamma), by performing a chi^2 analysis. The current data are in very good agreement with the CMSSM prediction for tan beta = 10, with a clear preference for relatively small values of m_{1/2} \sim 300 GeV. In this case, there would be good prospects for observing supersymmetry directly at both the LHC and the ILC, and some chance already at the Tevatron collider. For tan beta = 50, the quality of the fit is worse, and somewhat larger m_{1/2} values are favoured. With the prospective ILC accuracies the sensitivity to indirect effects of supersymmetry greatly improves. This may provide indirect access to supersymmetry even at scales beyond the direct reach of the LHC or the ILC.
description: 46 pages, 19 figures. Discussion on Tevatron reach included, references added and updated. Version to appear in JHEP
Emerging Threat of Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV): Immune Evasion and Pathogenesis
Creators: name: Raisha, Sumaia Alam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 320705
subject: Medical virology
classificationCode: 320799
subject: Medical microbiology not elsewhere classified

description: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV), first identified in 2001, is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs), particularly affecting newborns, children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite similarities to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza, its immune evasion strategies remain unclear. hMPV disrupts the innate immune response and adaptive immunity through apoptosis inhibition, interferon pathway suppression, and immune modulation via glycoproteins. Although cell surface components like heparan sulfate (HS) and integrins play key roles in viral entry, hMPV can infect cells even without its G protein, relying on the F protein for attachment and fusion. The lack of effective vaccines or treatments is a major challenge, but recent research has introduced a potential vaccine candidate using recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing the P protein. Further research is crucial to fully understand hMPV pathogenesis and develop effective therapeutic strategies.
Charges in gravitational fields: from Fermi, via Hanni-Ruffini-Wheeler, to the "electric Meissner effect"
Creators: name: Ruffini, Remo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent developments in obtaining a detailed model for gamma ray bursts have shown the need for a deeper understanding of phenomena described by solutions of the Einstein-Maxwell equations, reviving interest in the behavior of charges close to a black hole. In particular a drastic difference has been found between the lines of force of a charged test particle in the fields of Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrom black holes. This difference characterizes a general relativistic effect for the electric field of a charged test particle around a (charged) Reissner-Nordstrom black hole similar to the "Meissner effect" for a magnetic field around a superconductor. These new results are related to earlier work by Fermi and Hanni-Ruffini-Wheeler.
description: 25 pages, 17 figures, to appear on the Proceedings of "Analysis, manifolds and geometric structures in physics", International Conference in Honour of Y. Choquet-Bruhat, Isola d'Elba June 24th-26th, 2004
PARSEC stellar evolutionary model: Rotation, Thermohaline mixing, Envelope Overshooting
Creators: name: Nguyen, Chi Thanh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Stellar astronomy
subject: Stellar evolution

description: Thermohaline mixing plays an important role in the mixing processes after the red-giant-branch's bump of low-mass stars. The interplay of thermohaline mixing with other processes such as the downward overshoot from the convective envelope or rotation should be carefully investigated. After implementing the thermohaline mixing process in the PARSEC stellar evolutionary code, we compute tracks and isochrones and convert to the corresponding isochrones with the TRILEGAL code. To obtain constraints on the efficiency of both processes we perform a detailed analysis of two globular clusters, M4 and NGC 6397. As a preliminary results, we see that to reproduce the magnitude of the Red Giant Branch bump of these clusters and the 7Li abundance of NGC 6397 we need to adopt an envelope overshooting effieciency EOV=0.6 and a thermohaline efficiency of AL=50, and we compare with literature. We find that both envelope overshooting and thermohaline mixing have a significant impact in the variation of 7Li abundance. In this talk the investigation on the combination effects of both thermohaline mixing and envelope overshooting will be presented as the first step in our goal. Besides that, the recent release of PARSEC v2.0 for rotating stellar models and isochrones in a wide range of metallicity and masses, Nguyen et al. 2022, will also be presented.
Magnetization-induced optical third-harmonic generation in Co and Fe nanostructures
Creators: name: Aktsipetrov, O. A.
name: Kim, E. M.
name: Kapra, R. V.
name: Murzina, T. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetization-induced optical third-harmonic generation (MTHG) is observed in magnetic nanostructures: Co and Fe nanolayers and granular films containing Co nanoparticles. Magnetization-induced variations of the MTHG characteristics in these nanostructures exceed the typical values of linear magneto-optical Kerr effect by at least an order of magnitude: the maximum of magnetic contrast in the MTHG intensity is up to 0.2, the angle of polarization rotation for MTHG is 10 deg. and the relative phase shift is up to 100 deg.
The nuclear pairing problem: new perspectives
Creators: name: Zelevinsky, Vladimir
name: Volya, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The overview of the Exact Pairing technique based on the quasispin symmetry is presented. Extensions of this method are discussed in relation to mean field, quadrupole collectivity, electromagnetic transitions, and many-body level density. Realistic calculations compared with experimental data are used to support the methods as well as to emphasize the manifestations of pairing correlations in nuclear many-body systems.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
MEHCON2019, Bangalore, India
Creators: name: Lahiri, Indrani
Publisher: name: De Montfort University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 169903 Studies of Asian Society
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: February, 23, 2019 Keynote on Digital media and societyMEHCON 2019 conference on Reporting mental health in media: ‘words matter’, Bangalore, India
Keynote Probing the Role and Impact of Social Media on Major Aspects of Contemporary Life
Creators: name: Lahiri, Indrani
Publisher: name: De Montfort University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 190205 Interactive Media
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)
subject: 200104 Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies

description: Friday, 22 February, 2019
Invited talk on Digital media and society, Asutosh College, Calcutta University
ADAHESSIAN: An Adaptive Second Order Optimizer for Machine Learning
Creators: name: Yao, Zhewei
name: Gholami, Amir
name: Shen, Sheng
name: Mustafa, Mustafa
name: Keutzer, Kurt
name: Mahoney, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce ADAHESSIAN, a second order stochastic optimization algorithm which dynamically incorporates the curvature of the loss function via ADAptive estimates of the HESSIAN. Second order algorithms are among the most powerful optimization algorithms with superior convergence properties as compared to first order methods such as SGD and Adam. The main disadvantage of traditional second order methods is their heavier per iteration computation and poor accuracy as compared to first order methods. To address these, we incorporate several novel approaches in ADAHESSIAN, including: (i) a fast Hutchinson based method to approximate the curvature matrix with low computational overhead; (ii) a root-mean-square exponential moving average to smooth out variations of the Hessian diagonal across different iterations; and (iii) a block diagonal averaging to reduce the variance of Hessian diagonal elements. We show that ADAHESSIAN achieves new state-of-the-art results by a large margin as compared to other adaptive optimization methods, including variants of Adam. In particular, we perform extensive tests on CV, NLP, and recommendation system tasks and find that ADAHESSIAN: (i) achieves 1.80%/1.45% higher accuracy on ResNets20/32 on Cifar10, and 5.55% higher accuracy on ImageNet as compared to Adam; (ii) outperforms AdamW for transformers by 0.13/0.33 BLEU score on IWSLT14/WMT14 and 2.7/1.0 PPL on PTB/Wikitext-103; (iii) outperforms AdamW for SqueezeBert by 0.41 points on GLUE; and (iv) achieves 0.032% better score than Adagrad for DLRM on the Criteo Ad Kaggle dataset. Importantly, we show that the cost per iteration of ADAHESSIAN is comparable to first order methods, and that it exhibits robustness towards its hyperparameters.
Structure formation with strongly interacting neutrinos - implications for the cosmological neutrino mass bound
Creators: name: Hannestad, Steen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a model where neutrinos are strongly coupled to a new, light scalar field. In this model neutrinos annihilate as soon as they become non-relativistic in the early universe, and a non-zero neutrino mass has a marginal effect on the matter power spectrum. However, the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is changed significantly because the strongly interacting fluid of neutrinos and scalars does not experience any anisotropic stress. Such models are strongly disfavoured by current observations. Interestingly, this leads to the conclusion that the relativistic energy density around the epoch of recombination must be in the form of very weakly interacting particles. This conclusion is independent of the specific interaction model.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, minor changes, matches JCAP version
German-Arabic Speech-to-Speech Translation for Psychiatric Diagnosis
Creators: name: Hussain, Juan
name: Behr, Moritz
name: Cheragui, M. Armin
name: Stüker, Sebastian
name: Waibel, Alex
name: Mediani, Mohammed
Publisher: name: Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)
Year: 2020

description: In this paper we present the Arabic related natural language processing components of our German–Arabic speech-to-speech translation system which is being deployed in the context of interpretation during psychiatric, diagnostic interviews. For this purpose we have built a pipelined speech-to-speech translation system consisting of automatic speech recognition, machine translation, text post-processing, and speech synthesis systems. We have implemented two pipelines, from German to Arabic and vice versa, to conduct interpreted two-way dialogues between psychiatrists and potential patients. All systems in our pipeline have been realized as all-neural end-to-end systems, using different architectures suitable for the different components. The speech recognition systems use an encoder/decoder + attention architecture, the machine translation system is based on the Transformer architecture, the post-processing for Arabic employs a sequence-tagger for diacritization, and for the speech synthesis systems we use Tacotron 2 for generating spectrograms and WaveGlow as a vocoder. The speech translation is deployed in a server-based speech translation application that implements a turn-based translation between a German-speaking psychiatrist administrating the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (M.I.N.I.) and an Arabic speaking person answering the interview. As this is a very specific domain, in addition to the linguistic challenges posed by translating between Arabic and German, we also focus in this paper on the methods we implemented for adapting our speech to speech translation system to the domain of this psychiatric interview.
The Value of Tropical Waterways and Wetlands: does an increase in knowledge change community preferences
Creators: name: McCartney, Abbie
name: Cleland, Jonelle
name: Burton, Michael P.
name: McCartney, Abbie
name: Cleland, Jonelle
name: Burton, Michael P.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: This working paper utilises the choice modelling technique to investigate how information and understanding influences preferences of the general public for conservation of natural environments, specifically the tropical waterways and wetlands of the Kimberley region in Western Australia. The paper forms part of a larger study investigating preference divergence for environmental systems between experts and non-experts. By priming the public with more information about complex environmental problems, one might expect them to form preferences similar to that of experts. A preliminary analysis of public low and high information samples finds that, when birds and plants are the focus of species conservation with respect to the tropical waterways, increased information does not significantly impact preferences. However, when fish species conservation is considered significant differences are found. In this instance individuals appear to have reacted favourably to the additional information, recognising that rare species require more protection than widespread iconic species by placing higher values on their conservation. Generally speaking, respondents preferred high levels of conservation improvements over all attributes considered, rather than lower incremental improvements. Results should be interpreted with care as further analysis is required, including investigation of the alternative specific constant and inclusion of individual characteristics to explain sample heterogeneity.
A universal form of arrays with spectral singularities
Creators: name: Zezyulin, Dmitry A.
name: Konotop, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An array of non-Hermitian optical waveguides can operate as a laser or as a coherent perfect absorber, which corresponds to a spectral singularity of the underlying discrete complex potential. We show that all lattice potentials with spectral singularities are characterized by the universal form of the gain-and-loss distribution. Using this result we systematically construct potentials characterized by several spectral singularities at arbitrary wavelengths, as well as potentials with second-order spectral singularities in their spectra. Higher-order spectral singularities demonstrate a greatly enhanced response to incident beams resulting in the excitation of high-intensity lasing modes.
description: accepted for Optics Letters
Initial Allocation Effects in Permit Markets with Bertrand Output Oligopoly
Creators: name: Calford, Evan M.
name: Heinzel, Christoph
name: Betz, Regina
name: Calford, Evan M.
name: Heinzel, Christoph
name: Betz, Regina
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Emissions trading
subject: Initial permit allocation
subject: Bertrand competition
subject: EU ETS
subject: Endogenous technology choice
subject: Kreps and Scheinkman

description: We analyse the efficiency effects of the initial permit allocation given to firms with market power in both permit and output market. We examine two models: a long- run model with endogenous technology and capacity choice, and a short-run model with fixed technology and capacity. In the long run, quantity pre-commitment with Bertrand competition can yield Cournot outcomes also under emissions trading. In the short run, Bertrand output competition reproduces the effects derived under Cournot competition, but displays higher pass-through profits. In a second-best setting of overallocation, a tighter emissions target tends to improve permit-market efficiency in the short run.
Flux flow resistivity in the system with multiple superconducting gaps
Creators: name: Goryo, Jun
name: Matsukawa, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the flux flow resistivity in a superconductor with multiple s-wave superconducting gaps. Our result agrees well with anomalous field dependence of the resistivity recently observed in the two-gap superconductor MgB$_2$.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, submitted to SCES'04
Análise da estrutura de mercado na cadeia produtiva do leite no período de 1998 a 2008
Creators: name: Barros, Fabiano Luiz Alves
name: Lima, Joao Ricardo Ferreira De
name: Fernandes, Rosangela Aparecida Soares
name: Barros, Fabiano Luiz Alves
name: Lima, Joao Ricardo Ferreira De
name: Fernandes, Rosangela Aparecida Soares
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Industrial Organization
subject: Market concentration
subject: Dairy sector
subject: Granger causality test

description: The dairy industry productive chain is among the most important domestic agricultural and cattle raising products, accounting for a significant part of agribusiness. In the last years, this sector has undergone significant structural changes, with increased participation of relatively smaller enterprises and reduced number of larger enterprises in the market. The aim of this work is to understand the dynamics between industry and retail performance and the effect on the prices paid to dairy producers. Specifically, this work aims to calculate the sector’s concentration indexes and causality indexes between the prices paid to the producer, the industry markup and the retail prices. Based on price temporal series, a VAR model was estimated and the Granger causality test was carried out. The results obtained reinforce that there was a decrease in concentration in the sector and the causality tests indicate low oligopsony power in retail and industry.
Tradable Green Certificates as a Policy Instrument? A Discussion on the Case of Poland
Creators: name: Heinzel, Christoph
name: Winkler, Thomas
name: Heinzel, Christoph
name: Winkler, Thomas
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: tradable green certificates
subject: environmental policy
subject: Poland

description: Quota obligation schemes based on tradable green certificates have become a popular policy instrument to expand power generation from renewable energy sources (RES). Their application, however, can neither be justified as a first-best response to a market failure, nor, in a second-best sense, as an instrument mitigating distortionary effects of the emissions externality, if an emissions trading system exists that fully covers the energy industry. We study how ancillary reasons, in form of overcoming various barriers for RES use and establishing beneficial side-effects, such as industry development, energy security, and abatement of pollutants not covered under the ETS, apply to the scheme recently introduced in Poland. While setting substantial expansion incentives, an advantage for local industry or job-market development or energy security can hardly be seen. With rising power prices for end consumers and awareness that the extra rents from the schemes mostly accrue to foreign investors and renewable and polluting generators, we expect a negative impact on social acceptance for RES and RES deployment support policies.
On the behaviour of short Kratky-Porod chain
Creators: name: Stepanow, Semjon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the exact computation of a large number of moments of the distribution function of the end-to-end distance $G(r,N)$ of the worm-like chain, we have established the analytical form of the coefficients in Taylor expansions of the moments for short chain lengths $N$. The knowledge of these coefficients enabled us to resummate the moment expansion of $G(r,N)$ by taking into account consecutively the deviations of the moments from their stiff rod limit. Within this procedure we have derived the short chain expansion for $G(r,N)$, the scattering function, and the extension-force relation, which take into account the deviations of the moments from their stiff rod limit to the seventh order in $N$.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, revised manuscript
Computational methods for controlling active matter
Creators: name: Ghosh, Saptorshi
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2025
Subjects: Optimal Control
Reinforcement Learning
Soft Matter

description: Active matter systems consist of self-driven units that convert energy into motion, producing diverse non-equilibrium behaviors such as defect dynamics, spontaneous pattern formation, and chaotic flows. Unlike passive materials, active matter generates autonomous movement, offering potential for novel functional materials with applications in fields like biotechnology and robotics. However, achieving control over these systems remains challenging due to their inherent instability and turbulence.
description: This thesis develops two complementary approaches to address these challenges: optimal control theory and model-free reinforcement learning (RL). Using the Toner-Tu model for polar active fluids, we demonstrate that adjusting self-propulsion speed can steer the system into desired states, such as relocating asters, reorienting waves, and dynamically switching between stationary and traveling patterns. We also demonstrate the controllability of active nematic fluid by stabilizing states such as Couette flow, coherent flow in bulk, and defect-free subdomains, which are otherwise inaccessible without control. These findings highlight how model-based control can reveal generic principles for controlling active fluid behaviors.
description: In parallel, we introduce an RL framework to control active nematics, systems prone to chaotic defect proliferation. Unlike traditional methods, the RL framework does not require a detailed physical model, making it more robust to noise and experimental uncertainties. The RL-based controller autonomously discovers spatiotemporal sequences that stabilize coherent flows, suppress defects, and reconfigure the system between different states.
description: Our findings provide a comprehensive roadmap for designing programmable active materials with precise spatiotemporal control. By bridging theoretical control methods with practical implementations, this work advances the understanding and manipulation of non-equilibrium systems, paving the way for future innovations in active matter research.
Mechanisms of actin network debranching
Creators: name: Koundinya, Neha
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2027
Subjects: Biochemistry

description: Cells generate highly dynamic branched F-actin structures which are found in different locations to facilitate specific cellular processes. For example, they are found at sites of endocytosis, phagocytosis, and at the leading edge of migrating cells. These densely arborized actin networks are assembled by the Arp2/3 complex, which is conserved across the animal, plant, and fungal kingdoms of life. Upon activation by a nucleation promoting factor (NPF), the Arp2/3 complex binds to the side of an existing mother actin filament and nucleates the polymerization of a new daughter filament at a 70° angle, creating a branched actin filament structure. The Arp2/3 complex remains at the branch junction as an integral structural component holding the mother and daughter filaments together. These branches are inherently stable structures and spontaneously dissociate in vitro only after about ~30-60 minutes. In contrast, branches in living cells exist for only 3-30 seconds before they are ‘pruned’. This process of dissociating the branches shortly after they are formed is thought to help drive rapid actin network remodeling and turnover. However, the mechanisms by which cells catalyze debranching with precise timing are still not well understood. In Chapter 2 of this thesis, I describe a novel mechanism by which two distinct binding partners of the Arp2/3 complex, yeast coronin and GMF, directly interact, form a ternary Crn1-Gmf1-Arp2/3 complex in solution, and synergize in inducing filament debranching. In Chapter 3, I explore the in vitro biochemical relationships and combined effects of mammalian GMFβ with Arpin, coronin-1B, and coronin-7 on Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin assembly and branch turnover
Gradually Applying Weakly Supervised and Active Learning for Mass Detection in Breast Ultrasound Images
Creators: name: Yun, JooYeol
name: Oh, JungWoo
name: Yun, IlDong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: We propose a method for effectively utilizing weakly annotated image data in an object detection tasks of breast ultrasound images. Given the problem setting where a small, strongly annotated dataset and a large, weakly annotated dataset with no bounding box information are available, training an object detection model becomes a non-trivial problem. We suggest a controlled weight for handling the effect of weakly annotated images in a two stage object detection model. We~also present a subsequent active learning scheme for safely assigning weakly annotated images a strong annotation using the trained model. Experimental results showed a 24\% point increase in correct localization (CorLoc) measure, which is the ratio of correctly localized and classified images, by assigning the properly controlled weight. Performing active learning after a model is trained showed an additional increase in CorLoc. We tested the proposed method on the Stanford Dog datasets to assure that it can be applied to general cases, where strong annotations are insufficient to obtain resembling results. The presented method showed that higher performance is achievable with lesser annotation effort.
Low-Temperature and High-Pressure Induced Swelling of a Hydrophobic Polymer-Chain in Aqueous Solution
Creators: name: Paschek, Dietmar
name: Nonn, Sascha
name: Geiger, Alfons
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report molecular dynamics simulations of a hydrophobic polymer-chain in aqueous solution between $260 {K}$ and $420 {K}$ at pressures of $1 {bar}$, $3000 {bar}$, and $4500 {bar}$. The simulations reveal a hydrophobically collapsed state at low pressures and high temperatures. At $3000 {bar}$ and about $260 {K}$ and at $4500 {bar}$ and about $260 {K}$, however, a transition to a swelled state is observed. The transition is driven by a smaller volume and a remarkably strong lower enthalpy of the swelled state, indicating a steep positive slope of the corresponding transition line. The swelling is stabilized almost completely by the energetically favorable state of water in the polymers hydrophobic first hydration shell at low temperatures. Although surprising, this finding is consistent with the observation of a positive heat capacity of hydrophobic solvation. Moreover, the slope and location of the observed swelling transition for the collapsed hydrophobic chain coincides remarkably well with the cold denaturation transition of proteins.
description: 9 pages, 9 figures, twocolumn revtex
The Diagnostic Indicators for a Pedophilic Taxon: A Review of the Literature
Creators: name: Masse, Mariah Daniels
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2025
Subjects: Child Sexual Abuse
Emotional Congruence
Fixation
Neurodevelopmental Perturbations
Pedophilia
Taxon

description: Child sexual abuse (CSA) occurs at alarming rates within the United States, and much of our current CSA research is oriented toward developing reactive treatments to mitigate the devastating consequences of this sexual paraphilia. Improving our ability to proactively advance primary prevention is still nascent given the pervasive ambiguity surrounding our understanding of pedophilia. Previous conjecture about pedophilia was marred with methodological insufficiency and misinterpreted results. Over the last several decades, empirical results have supported pedophilia as a taxonically distributed latent construct. However, the boundaries of this theorized pedophilia taxon have yet to be identified, which is the aim of this study. Recent research has hypothesized several core constructs of pedophilia: emotional congruence with children, fixation, and neurodevelopmental perturbations. The effort to identify the core factors of pedophilia will enhance our ability to determine the underlying psychological processes and physiological mechanisms that contribute to the etiology of this sexual preference and will facilitate the search for early indicators that will maximize primary prevention efforts.
Sustainable development and communication Keynote
Creators: name: Lahiri, Indrani
Publisher: name: De Montfort University
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 120104 Architectural Science and Technology (incl. Acoustics, Lighting, Structure and Ecologically Sustainable Design)
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: 200104 Media Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 200102 Communication Technology and Digital Media Studies

description: International academic research and teaching conference 2019
Keynote March 1, 2019, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, IndiaSustainable Development and communication: teaching and research
Coordination of the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area during flexible behavior
Creators: name: Ding, Mingxin
Publisher: name: Brandeis University
Year: 2025
Subjects: Neuroscience

description: Animals adapt their behavior in response to changing environments, a process that requires cognitive flexibility mediated by coordinated activity across multiple brain regions. In the context of reward-guided spatial memory and behavior, the hippocampus encodes a cognitive map, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for rule representation and executive control; and dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) convey reward-related signals. To better understand how information processing in these regions evolves with changing reward conditions, we trained rats on a rule-switching task while performing high-density electrophysiological recordings from dorsal CA1, PFC and VTA. Single cell spiking activity in CA1 and PFC was modulated by task rules. Rule decoding using their population activity closely aligned with animal’s behavior strategy. VTA DA neurons exhibited reward-predictive activity during running, a feature that emerged during behavior adjustments, and peaked as PFC rule decoding began to reflect the new rule. Notably, changes in neural decoding and reward prediction preceded behavioral strategy transitions by several trials. We further investigated possible mechanisms underlying coordination between these brain regions. PFC-VTA theta coherence increased upon reward delivery, in comparison to reward omission. DA neuron firing activity was modulated during hippocampal sharp-wave ripples (SWRs). Co-modulated pairs were more prevalent between VTA DA neurons and rule-modulated CA1 neurons. In addition, CA1-DA spiking relationships varied dynamically across different stages of behavioral performance.
description: Together, these findings revealed temporal coordination between neural coding and behavioral adaptation during rule switching, and implied cross-regional communication through transiently synchronized activity during both online and offline processing.
Models of environment and T_1 relaxation in Josephson Charge Qubits
Creators: name: Faoro, Lara
name: Bergli, Joakim
name: Altshuler, Boris L.
name: Galperin, Yuri M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical interpretation of the recent experiments of Astafiev et. al. on the T_1-relaxation rate in Josephson Charge Qubits is proposed. The experimentally observed reproducible nonmonotonic dependence of T_1 on the splitting E_J of the qubit levels suggests further specification of the previously proposed models of the background charge noise. From our point of view the most promising is the ``Andreev fluctuator'' model of the noise. In this model the fluctuator is a Cooper pair that tunnels from a superconductor and occupies a pair of localized electronic states. Within this model one can naturally explain both the average linear T_1(E_J) dependence and the irregular fluctuations. The role of fluctuators in the formation of strong resonant peaks in this dependence is also discussed.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Functional Equations and Separation of Variables for Exact g-Function
Creators: name: Caetano, Joao
name: Komatsu, Shota
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The g-function is a measure of degrees of freedom associated to a boundary of two-dimensional quantum field theories. In integrable theories, it can be computed exactly in a form of the Fredholm determinant, but it is often hard to evaluate numerically. In this paper, we derive functional equations---or equivalently integral equations of the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) type---which directly compute the g-function in the simplest integrable theory; the sinh-Gordon theory at the self-dual point. The derivation is based on the classic result by Tracy and Widom on the relation between Fredholm determinants and TBA, which was used also in the context of topological string. We demonstrate the efficiency of our formulation through the numerical computation and compare the results in the UV limit with the Liouville CFT. As a side result, we present multiple integrals of Q-functions which we conjecture to describe a universal part of the g-function, and discuss its implication to integrable spin chains.
description: 27 pages + appendices; v2 typos corrected
O ciclo pecuário no Brasil: uma análise usando a metodologia da dinâmica de sistemas
Creators: name: Braganca, Raissa Carvalho
name: Bueno, Newton Paulo
name: Braganca, Raissa Carvalho
name: Bueno, Newton Paulo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Cattle
subject: System dynamics
subject: Cattle cycle
subject: Commodities
subject: Economic policy

description: The purpose of the paper was to study if the dynamics of the Brazilian cattle stocks can be better explained by systemic endogenous factors or either by exogenous changes on beef demand. The conclusion, as proposed by the theory of the cattle cycle, was that systemic factors related to the adoption of the stabilization program in 1994 were apparently more important in explaining the stagnation of the Brazilian herd since 2000. The main policy implication of this conclusion is that it seems to have a space for stabilizing de dynamics of the system through adequate public policies. The methodology used was system dynamics which allows to trace the critical feedback loops that drive de cattle cycle and to identify possible leverage points in the system, defined as points in which intervention could produce maximal effects.
Valuing protection of the Great Barrier Reef with choice modelling by management policy options
Creators: name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
name: Rolfe, John
name: Windle, Jill
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2010
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: In this paper the results of a choice modelling experiment to value increased protection of the Great Barrier Reef in Australia is reported. There are very few previous studies that identify protection values for the Great Barrier Reef, making it difficult to evaluate whether the community benefits from future additional protection measures are larger than the costs involved. The valuation experiment that has been conducted is novel in two important ways. First, different management policies to increase protection have been included as labels in the choice experiment to test if the mechanisms to achieve improvements are important to respondents. Second, the level of certainty associated with predicted reef health has been included as an attribute in the choice profiles, helping to distinguish between outcomes of different management policies. The results show that protection values vary with the policy scope of the improvements being considered. Values are sensitive to whether protection will be generated by improving water quality entering the reef, increasing conservation zones or reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and the level of certainty of outcomes. The average household willingness to pay for five years for each additional 1% of protection is approximately $26.37 when the broad management options to generate improvements were included in the choice sets. These results can be extrapolated to a total value held by Queensland households of $132.8M to $171.5M per 1% improvement, depending on the assumptions used about the discount rate.