cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
“Eine tolle Erfindung!” : Motivation und Spass beim Anatomie-Lernen durch den Einsatz eines Serious Game bei Studierenden Bachelor Pflege
Creators: name: Badertscher, Nina
name: Gautschi, Fabian
name: Häusermann, Sara Ursula
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2023
Subjects: 610.73: Pflege

description: Das publizierte Abstract ist verfügbar unter: https://doi.org/10.3205/23gma226
description: Einleitung: Anatomie ist für Studierende Bachelor Pflege ein wichtiges Grundlagenfach und generiert solides Basiswissen, um darauf aufbauende Fächer wie z.B. Clinical Assessment oder Pharmakologie zu verstehen. Unter Serious Game versteht man ein Spiel, welches nicht der Unterhaltung, sondern der Vermittlung von Bildungsinhalten dient. Als typisches „Auswendiglern-Fach“ verbunden mit grossem zeitlichem Aufwand und viel zu verarbeitendem Faktenwissen war jedoch die Lernmotivation für Anatomie bei unseren Studierenden bisher eher gering. Mit dem Ziel, Motivation zu fördern, wurde ein Serious Game für das Fach Anatomie entwickelt, welches Gamification-Elemente wie z.B. die Vergabe von Punkten beinhaltet. Solche spielerischen Ansätze können die Motivation und Lernfreude bei Studierenden steigern.

Fragestellung/Zielsetzung: Welchen Einfluss hat ein Serious Game für das Fach Anatomie auf die Lernmotivation und den Lernspass von Studierenden Bachelor Pflege?

Methoden: Es wurde ein Serious Game für das Fach Anatomie (genannt AnaKing) entwickelt, welches die Gamification-Elemente Punktevergabe, Bestenliste, Challenges, Awards sowie einen Performance-Indikator beinhaltet. Den Studierenden wurde das Game mit aktuell sieben Lerneinheiten/Organsystemen zur Unterstützung ihres Selbststudiums zur Verfügung gestellt. Ende Semester (nach 19 Wochen) wurde AnaKing von den Studierenden schriftlich evaluiert. Unter anderem wurde mittels einer 5- Punkte-Likert-Skala (1=trifft gar nicht zu, 5=trifft voll und ganz zu) erfragt, ob sie AnaKing zum Anatomie-Lernen motiviert hat und ob ihnen das Serious Game Spass gemacht hat. Zudem hatten die Studierenden die Möglichkeit, in Form von Freitext-Kommentaren ihre Meinung zu AnaKing mitzuteilen. 

Ergebnisse: An der Evaluation haben 36 bzw. 82 Studierende aus zwei Kohorten des ersten Semesters Bachelor Pflege teilgenommen. Der Mittelwert bezogen auf die Frage nach der Lernmotivation lag bei 4,44 bzw. 4,79, derjenige bezogen auf die Frage nach dem Lernspass bei 4,65 bzw. 4,79. In den Freitext-Antworten wünschten sich zahlreiche Studierende eine Erweiterung von AnaKing auf noch mehr Inhalte/Organsysteme.

Diskussion: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass AnaKing die Studierenden Bachelor Pflege motiviert, Anatomie zu lernen und dass es ihnen Spass macht, dieses Serious Game anzuwenden. Der Wunsch nach einer Erweiterung um zusätzliche Organsysteme unterstreicht die Beliebtheit von AnaKing.

Take Home Message: Serious Games wie AnaKing können Studierende Bachelor Pflege dabei unterstützen, motiviert und mit Spass Anatomie zu lernen.
Characteristics of resources and the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services in Germany: the cases of fruit tree meadows and wolf protection
Creators: name: Thiel, Andreas
name: Schleyer, Christian
name: Plieninger, Tobias
name: Thiel, Andreas
name: Schleyer, Christian
name: Plieninger, Tobias
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Institutions
subject: Governance
subject: Wolf Management
subject: Scattered fruit trees

description: Work on common pool resources has paid scant attention to the role of properties of natural resources for the way their provision is governed. This paper scrutinizes determinants of institutions that regulate the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Two cases of maintaining ecosystem services are compared (protection of wolves and management of scattered fruit tree meadows). Distinct characteristics of resources (mobility) and differences in the overarching European regulatory framework explain their different institutional embeddedness. Cost-effectiveness considerations seem to be paramount in the design of institutions. In the case of wolf protection, the state uses its power to modify property rights in order to increase acceptance of wolf management. This is essential for political reasons as well as to prevent EU sanctions. On the other hand, scattered fruit tree maintenance is subject to voluntary, long-term agreements, justified by medium-term irreversibility and asset specific investments.
Additional file 5 of Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
Creators: name: Gupta, M.
name: A. B. Zwi
name: J. Jagnoor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5 Appendix 5: PRISMA Flow Diagram.
Spectral Degeneracy in Supersymmetric Gluodynamics and One-Flavor QCD related to N=1/2 SUSY
Creators: name: Gorsky, A.
name: Shifman, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In supersymmetric gluodynamics (N=1 super-Yang-Mills theory) we show that the spectral functions induced by the nonchiral operator Tr G_{αβ} \barλ^2 are fully degenerate in the J^{PC}=1^{\pm -} channels. The above operator is related to N=1/2 generalization of SUSY. Using the planar equivalence, this translates into the statement of degeneracy between the mesons produced from the vacuum by the operators (\bar Ψ\vec EΨ+ i\bar Ψ\vec B γ^5Ψ) and (\bar Ψ\vec BΨ- i\bar Ψ\vec E γ^5Ψ) in one-flavor QCD, up to 1/N corrections. Here Ψis the quark field, and \vec E ,\vec B are chromoelectric/chromomagnetic fields, respectively.
description: Latex, 6 pages, two references added
Entanglement of the Hermite-Gaussian modes states of photons
Creators: name: Ren, Xi-Feng
name: Guo, Guo-Ping
name: Li, Jian
name: Guo, Guang-Can
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found that the Hermit-Gaussian(HG) modes of the down converted beams from the spontaneous parametric down conversion are quasi-conserved and the generated photon pairs are HG modes entangled for some special cases. This is valuable for either the investigation of fundament properties of multi-dimensional entanglement or quantum information applications.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Permutationally Invariant, Reproducing Kernel-Based Potential Energy Surfaces for Polyatomic Molecules: From Formaldehyde to Acetone
Creators: name: Koner, Debasish
name: Meuwly, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Constructing accurate, high dimensional molecular potential energy surfaces (PESs) for polyatomic molecules is challenging. Reproducing Kernel Hilbert space (RKHS) interpolation is an efficient way to construct such PESs. However, the scheme is most effective when the input energies are available on a regular grid. Thus the number of reference energies required can become very large even for penta-atomic systems making such an approach computationally prohibitive when using high-level electronic structure calculations. Here an efficient and robust scheme is presented to overcome these limitations and is applied to constructing high dimensional PESs for systems with up to 10 atoms. Using energies as well as gradients reduces the number of input data required and thus keeps the number of coefficients at a manageable size. Correct implementation of permutational symmetry in the kernel products is tested and explicitly demonstrated for the highly symmetric CH$_4$ molecule.
description: 40 pages, 13 Figures
Flavour singlet physics in lattice QCD with background fields
Creators: name: Detmold, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that hadronic matrix elements can be extracted from lattice simulations with background fields that arise from operator exponentiation. Importantly, flavour-singlet matrix elements can be evaluated without requiring the computation of disconnected diagrams, thus facilitating a calculation of the quark contribution to the spin of the proton and the singlet axial coupling, $g_A^0$. In the two nucleon sector, a background field approach will allow calculation of the magnetic and quadrupole moments of the deuteron and an investigation of the EMC effect directly from lattice QCD. Matrix elements between states of differing momenta are also analysed in the presence of background fields.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, published version, some changes
Additional file 4 of Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
Creators: name: Gupta, M.
name: A. B. Zwi
name: J. Jagnoor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Appendix 4: Modified Equiframe Framework.
Odds ratios and logistic regression: further examples of their use and interpretation
Creators: name: Hailpern, Susan M.
name: Visintainer, Paul F.
name: Hailpern, Susan M.
name: Visintainer, Paul F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: cc
subject: cci
subject: cs
subject: csi
subject: logistic
subject: logit
subject: relative risk
subject: case–control study
subject: odds ratio
subject: cohort study

description: Logistic regression is perhaps the most widely used method for adjustment of confounding in epidemiologic studies. Its popularity is understandable. The method can simultaneously adjust for confounders measured on different scales; it provides estimates that are clinically interpretable; and its estimates are valid in a variety of study designs with few underlying assumptions. To those of us in practice settings, several aspects of applying and interpreting the model, however, can be confusing and counterintuitive. We attempt to clarify some of these points through several examples. We apply the method to a study of risk factors associated with periventricular leucomalacia and intraventricular hemorrhage in neonates. We relate the logit model to Cornfield’s 2×2 table and discuss its application to both cohort and case–control study design. Interpretations of odds ratios, relative risk, and Β0 from the logit model are presented.
Die Kontroverse um die Hydratation am Lebensende : ein Update
Creators: name: Müller, M.
name: Ryser, V.
name: Häusermann, S.
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2023
Subjects: 610.73: Pflege

description: Einleitung: Die Hydratation am Lebensende kann sowohl positive als auch negative Wirkungen auf die Betroffenen haben. Deshalb wird sie in der palliativen Praxis kontrovers diskutiert. Unter Hydratation wird die enterale oder parenterale Zufuhr von Flüssigkeit verstanden. Positive Wirkungen davon können ein vermindertes Durstgefühl und Xerostomie sowie ein geringeres Risiko für ein Delir sein. Als negative Wirkung kann eine Volumenüberlastung, die zu Dyspnoe und Ödemen führt, oder ein erhöhtes Urinvolumen mit Inkontinenzproblematiken auftreten.
Ziel / Fragestellung: Was sind Indikationen einer Hydratation bzw. Dehydratation in der terminalen Phase?
Methode: Es wurde eine Literaturrecherche auf den Datenbanken PubMed und CINAHL Complete durchgeführt. Die Literaturrecherche wurde per Handsuche auf fachrelevanten Websites ergänzt, um aktuelle Best Practice-Empfehlungen mit einzubeziehen.
Ergebnisse: Die Hydratation hängt von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, jede Patient:innen-Situation muss dabei individuell betrachtet werden. Dabei müssen Vor-/Nachteile der Hydratation gegeneinander abgewogen sowie die Indikation für Hydratation bzw. Dehydratation gestellt werden. Es ist von grosser Relevanz, die Hydratation am Lebensende wo möglich mit der betroffenen Person und der Familie zu besprechen.
Diskussion / Empfehlungen für die Praxis: Je nach vorhandenen Symptomen ist der Nutzen der Hydratation am Lebensende noch ungeklärt. Durst oder Xerostomie kann durch eine Hydratation nur bedingt gelindert werden, relevanter ist dabei die Mundpflege. Bei Nausea und Emesis kann weniger Flüssigkeit im Magen und im Körper zu einer
Symptomlinderung führen. Eine Dehydratation kann diese Symptome jedoch auch hervorrufen. Zudem kann es durch eine Dehydratation zu einer Medikamentenakkumulation kommen, was zu verstärkten unerwünschten Wirkungen führen oder die pharmakologische Wirksamkeit erhöhen kann. Es ist bekannt, dass am Lebensende der Flüssigkeitsbedarf abnimmt und dies als natürlicher Prozess gesehen werden kann.
Schlussfolgerung: Von einer standardisierten Hydratation in der terminalen Phase kann abgesehen werden. Jede Situation sollte individuell durch Fachpersonen beurteilt werden, wobei die Bedürfnisse der betroffenen Person und der Familie einbezogen werden sollen. Die Entscheidung bedarf einer Re-Evaluation, sobald sich die Situation verändert.
Additional file 2 of Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
Creators: name: Gupta, M.
name: A. B. Zwi
name: J. Jagnoor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2. Appendix 2: Peer-reviewed database search results.
Pnictogens Allotropy and Phase Transformation during van der Waals Growth
Creators: name: Fortin-Deschênes, Matthieu
name: Zschiesche, Hannes
name: Menteş, Tevfik O.
name: Locatelli, Andrea
name: Jacobberger, Robert M.
name: Genuzio, Francesca
name: Lagos, Maureen J.
name: Biswas, Deepnarayan
name: Jozwiak, Chris
name: Miwa, Jill A.
name: Ulstrup, Søren
name: Bostwick, Aaron
name: Rotenberg, Eli
name: Arnold, Michael S.
name: Botton, Gianluigi A.
name: Moutanabbir, Oussama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pnictogens have multiple allotropic forms resulting from their ns2 np3 valence electronic configuration, making them the only elemental materials to crystallize in layered van der Waals (vdW) and quasi-vdW structures throughout the group. Light group VA elements are found in the layered orthorhombic A17 phase such as black phosphorus, and can transition to the layered rhombohedral A7 phase at high pressure. On the other hand, bulk heavier elements are only stable in the A7 phase. Herein, we demonstrate that these two phases not only co-exist during the vdW growth of antimony on weakly interacting surfaces, but also undertake a spontaneous transformation from the A17 phase to the thermodynamically stable A7 phase. This metastability of the A17 phase is revealed by real-time studies unraveling its thickness-driven transition to the A7 phase and the concomitant evolution of its electronic properties. At a critical thickness of ~4 nm, A17 antimony undergoes a diffusionless shuffle transition from AB to AA stacked alpha-antimonene followed by a gradual relaxation to the A7 bulk-like phase. Furthermore, the electronic structure of this intermediate phase is found to be determined by surface self-passivation and the associated competition between A7- and A17-like bonding in the bulk. These results highlight the critical role of the atomic structure and interfacial interactions in shaping the stability and electronic characteristics of vdW layered materials, thus enabling a new degree of freedom to engineer their properties using scalable processes.
Wüste im Mund : Best Practice Xerostomie
Creators: name: Vogel, R.
name: Schmidli, N.
name: Yilmaz, D.
name: Häusermann, S.
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2023
Subjects: 610.73: Pflege

description: Einleitung: Unter Xerostomie wird eine Mundtrockenheit verstanden, die durch verminderten oder fehlenden Speichelfluss verursacht
wird. Häufige Ursachen sind medikamentöse Therapien, Radiotherapie im Kopf- und Halsbereich sowie verschiedene systemische Krankheiten. 34-40% der palliativen Patient:innen mit Krebserkrankung leiden an Xerostomie.
Ziel: Ziel des Posters ist es darzustellen, welche Interventionen sich zur Mundbefeuchtung bei Xerostomie-Betroffenen im palliativen Setting eignen.
Methode: Es wurde eine systematisierte Literaturrecherche auf PubMed und CINAHL Complete durchgeführt. Mittels Citation Tracking wurden weitere Studien gefunden.
Ergebnisse: Eine mögliche Intervention bei Xerostomie ist ein Speicheldrüsen-Stimulanz; ein Produkt, welches den Speichelfluss anregt. Der Wirkstoff Pilocarpin stimuliert die Sekretion der exokrinen Drüsen und fördert somit die Speichelproduktion. Dieser Effekt gelingt nur bei einer Restfunktion der Speicheldrüse. Weitaus häufiger kommt künstlicher Speichelersatz zum Einsatz. Die Wirkungsdauer des flüssigen Speichelersatzes beträgt meist weniger als eine Stunde. Im Vergleich zu flüssigen zeigen die Gel-Produkte eine etwas längere Wirkung. Ein Vergleich der verschiedenen Interventionen wird in der Tabelle 1 dargestellt.
Diskussion / Empfehlung für die Praxis: Da kaum Studien zu Xerostomie im palliativen Setting vorhanden sind, wurde auch alternative Settings miteinbezogen. Aufgrund dem geringen Anwendungsintervall scheint Pilocarpin für Patient:innen und Pflegefachpersonen ein zielführendes Produkt zu sein. Da Xerostomie aber häufig auch in der terminalen Phase auftritt, wo das Schlucken von Tabletten nicht mehr möglich ist, und das Produkt unerwünschte systemische Wirkungen wie Nausea und Schweissausbrüche hat, ist dessen Einsatz nicht uneingeschränkt zu empfehlen. Betroffene berichten, dass die Ersatzprodukte oft einen unangenehmen Geschmack aufweisen und daher der Gebrauch von Wasser bevorzugt wird. Um das Ziel der Verbesserung der Lebensqualität zu erreichen, ist eine individuelle Anpassung der Intervention an die (Geschmacks-) Wünsche der Patient:innen notwendig.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Evidenzlage ist nicht eindeutig, so dass keine der vorgestellten Interventionen klar priorisiert werden kann. Im Zentrum der Entscheidungsfindung für eine bestimmte Intervention stehen die individuellen Bedürfnisse der Betroffenen.
Contingent valuation analysis of rural households’ willingness to pay for frankincense forest conservation
Creators: name: Tilahun, Mesfin
name: Mathijs, Erik
name: Muys, Bart
name: Vranken, Liesbet
name: Deckers, Jozef A.
name: Gebregziabher, Kidanemariam
name: Gebrehiwot, Kindeya
name: Bauer, Hans
name: Tilahun, Mesfin
name: Mathijs, Erik
name: Muys, Bart
name: Vranken, Liesbet
name: Deckers, Jozef A.
name: Gebregziabher, Kidanemariam
name: Gebrehiwot, Kindeya
name: Bauer, Hans
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Willingness to pay
subject: Boswellia papyrifera
subject: Conservation
subject: Contingent valuation

description: Frankincense from Boswellia papyrifera forest (BPF) is a traded non timber forest product (NTFP) used in pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and chemical industries. However, the resource in northeastern Africa is under continuous degradation and requires conservation measures. Data from a discrete choice contingent valuation study are used to assess the factors influencing rural households’ willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to contribute labor (WTCL) for BPF conservation in Ethiopia. The standard probit, bivariate probit and interval data models were used for modeling respondents’ WTP and WTCL. We found household income as the most important factor affecting WTP whereas number of household labor is the most important factor affecting WTCL. Mean lower bound annual WTP of US$ 4.68 and WTCL of 7.03 days per household were estimated. This study indicated that despite Ethiopia is a low income country, people are willing to contribute for conservation of the resource.
Additional file 3 of Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
Creators: name: Gupta, M.
name: A. B. Zwi
name: J. Jagnoor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Appendix 3: Grey literature database search results.
Management von Obstipation im palliativen Setting : Vorschläge für die Umsetzung durch das interprofessionelle Team
Creators: name: Zehnder, R.
name: Rehm, C.
name: Wipfli, S.
name: Villiger, T.
name: Häusermann, S.
Publisher: name: ZHAW Zürcher Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften
Year: 2023
Subjects: 610.73: Pflege

description: Einleitung: Die Palliative Care hat sich zu einem umfassenden Ansatz für die Behandlung von komplexen Symptomen im Spektrum lebenslimitierender Krankheiten entwickelt. Obwohl Obstipation ein häufiges Symptom bei Palliativ-Patient:innen darstellt, scheint bei Health Professionals ein mangelndes Bewusstsein für das Management von Obstipation vorzuliegen. Das Management der Obstipation ist ein multimodaler Ansatz, welcher deren Prävention sowie Behandlung durch Medikation, Flüssigkeits- und Nahrungsaufnahme, Mobilität und Behandlung von obstipationsbedingtem Schmerz beinhaltet (siehe Abb. 1).1 Ziel dieses Managements ist die Wiederherstellung einer aus Patient:innen-Sicht angenehmen Stuhlgewohnheit und die Linderung von Schmerzen, die im Zusammenhang mit Obstipation auftreten können.
Fragestellung: Wie kann das interprofessionelle Team das Management von Obstipation im palliativen Setting unterstützen?
Methode: In den Datenbanken PubMed und CINAHL Complete wurde eine systematisierte Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Fünf Studien wurden eingeschlossen.
Ergebnisse: Obstipation im palliativen Setting ist aufgrund der veränderten Lebensverhältnisse als ein Langzeitsymptom zu betrachten. Es werden die Interventionen Darm-Massage, Bewegung / Ballaststoffe / Flüssigkeit sowie medikamentöse Interventionen vorgestellt (siehe Tab. 1).
Diskussion: Die Interventions-Wahl kann durch fehlende vorherige Durchführung eines geeigneten Assessments sowie Fachwissens-Lücken erschwert sein. Health Professionals sollen Obstipation als interprofessionelle Thematik angehen, wobei auch nicht-medikamentöse Interventionen zum Einsatz kommen sollen. Bedürfnisse und Gewohnheiten der Betroffenen müssen im Management berücksichtigt werden.
Schlussfolgerung: Das Symptom Obstipation soll im palliativen Setting im Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit des ganzen interprofessionellen Teams stehen.
Quantum circuits with uniformly controlled one-qubit gates
Creators: name: Bergholm, Ville
name: Vartiainen, Juha J.
name: Mottonen, Mikko
name: Salomaa, Martti M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Uniformly controlled one-qubit gates are quantum gates which can be represented as direct sums of two-dimensional unitary operators acting on a single qubit. We present a quantum gate array which implements any n-qubit gate of this type using at most 2^{n-1} - 1 controlled-NOT gates, 2^{n-1} one-qubit gates and a single diagonal n-qubit gate. The circuit is based on the so-called quantum multiplexor, for which we provide a modified construction. We illustrate the versatility of these gates by applying them to the decomposition of a general n-qubit gate and a local state preparation procedure. Moreover, we study their implementation using only nearest-neighbor gates. We give upper bounds for the one-qubit and controlled-NOT gate counts for all the aforementioned applications. In all four cases, the proposed circuit topologies either improve on or achieve the previously reported upper bounds for the gate counts. Thus, they provide the most efficient method for general gate decompositions currently known.
description: 8 pages, 10 figures. v2 has simpler notation and sharpens some results
Additional file 1 of Exploring why global health needs are unmet by research efforts: the potential influences of geography, industry and publication incentives
Creators: name: Yegros-Yegros, Alfredo
name: Klippe, Wouter Van De
name: Abad-Garcia, Maria Francisca
name: Rafols, Ismael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Detailed methodology.
Entanglement and Quantum Phase Transition Revisited
Creators: name: Yang, Min-Fong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, for an exactly solvable quantum spin model, a discontinuity in the first derivative of the ground state concurrence appears in the absence of quantum phase transition. It is opposed to the popular belief that the non-analyticity property of entanglement (ground state concurrence) can be used to determine quantum phase transitions. We further point out that the analyticity property of the ground state concurrence in general can be more intricate than that of the ground state energy. Thus there is no one-to-one correspondence between quantum phase transitions and the non-analyticity property of the concurrence. Moreover, we show that the von Neumann entropy, as another measure of entanglement, can not reveal quantum phase transition in the present model. Therefore, in order to link with quantum phase transitions, some other measures of entanglement are needed.
description: RevTeX 4, 4 pages, 1 EPS figures. some modifications in the text. Submitted to Phys. Rev. A
Cracking urban mobility
Creators: name: Carmona, H. A.
name: de Noronha, A. W. T.
name: Moreira, A. A.
name: Araujo, N. A. M.
name: Andrade, J. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Assessing the resilience of a road network is instrumental to improve existing infrastructures and design new ones. Here we apply the optimal path crack model (OPC) to investigate the mobility of road networks and propose a new proxy for resilience of urban mobility. In contrast to static approaches, the OPC accounts for the dynamics of rerouting as a response to traffic jams. Precisely, one simulates a sequence of failures (cracks) at the most vulnerable segments of the optimal origin-destination paths that are capable to collapse the system. Our results with synthetic and real road networks reveal that their levels of disorder, fractions of unidirectional segments and spatial correlations can drastically affect the vulnerability to traffic congestion. By applying the OPC to downtown Boston and Manhattan, we found that Boston is significantly more vulnerable than Manhattan. This is compatible with the fact that Boston heads the list of American metropolitan areas with the highest average time waste in traffic. Moreover, our analysis discloses that the origin of this difference comes from the intrinsic spatial correlations of each road network. Finally, we argue that, due to their global influence, the most important cracks identified with OPC can be used to pinpoint potential small rerouting and structural changes in road networks that are capable to substantially improve urban mobility.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Policy Implications of a Behavioural Economics Analysis of Land Use Determinants in Rural Scotland
Creators: name: Toma, Luiza
name: Sutherland, Lee-Ann
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: McCrum, Gillian
name: Blackstock, Kirsty
name: Toma, Luiza
name: Sutherland, Lee-Ann
name: Barnes, Andrew Peter
name: Renwick, Alan W.
name: McCrum, Gillian
name: Blackstock, Kirsty
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land use
subject: rural policies
subject: Scotland
subject: structural equation modelling

description: The paper analyses the land use behaviour of Scottish land managers and the factors influencing it in the current context of the EU rural land use policies. The analysis employs a frequently used behavioural economics method, namely structural equation modelling (SEM). Central to the empirical analysis in this paper is a cross-section database containing data collected in May to June 2009 through telephone interviews of 600 land managers in Scotland. The model tests and estimates the relationships between land use behaviour, i.e., behavioural intentions to change the size of business/holding, and several of its a priori determinants found significant in the scientific literature. The results indicate that a stronger propensity to change size of their businesses is exhibited by younger land managers who intend to pass their land on to family, with larger land size and stronger attitudes towards increasing it, with lower percentage of their income made up from Government support, who are less likely to have perceived changes in regulation and input/output prices as having an impact on their business, who discuss and plan changes in size of business with their banks/building societies, and frequently access sources of information to help with their strategic decisions.
Durability of spray applied glass fibre reinforced polymers externally applied to concrete subjected to a simulated marine environment
Creators: name: Dolan, Kyle
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Across Canada and around the world the need for rehabilitation of aging infrastructure is becoming a growing problem. Two major causes of this deterioration are corrosion of the reinforcing steel and increased service loads. Traditionally steel jackets and reinforced shotcrete have been utilized as repair materials, but these materials have many downfalls, such as the corrosion of steel and high unit weights. In recent years the use of fibre reinforced polymers for rehabilitation and strengthening of structures has become common practice. More recently, a new technique of applying these materials has been developed at UBC. The technique utilizes compressed air to pneumatically apply resin and short fibres to the surface of concrete resulting in an isotropic composite. These initial studies proved the material to perform as well as, or better than unidirectional fibre reinforced wraps and jackets. The durability of the material is unproven. The research described within this thesis evaluated the durability of sprayed glass fibre reinforced polymers (SGFRP) applied to concrete substrates subjected to a marine environment. The SGFRP material was applied at various thicknesses and fibre contents to small concrete cylinder and beam specimens. The intent of the study was to evaluate these materials as a structural coating and a protective coating. The cylinder specimens were coated, exposed to an accelerated marine environment for 175 days, and evaluated against control specimens to determine the effects of preloading and the marine exposure period. The application of coating was found to greatly increase strain capacity and the fracture toughness of the concrete when loaded in compression. The beam specimens were coated on the underside of each beam, exposed to an accelerated marine environment for a maximum of 175 days, and evaluated against control specimens to investigate the effects of the exposure period, and various coating thicknesses. The study illustrated that the efficiency of the SGFRP application decreases as the coating thickness increases. The ultimate load carrying capacities of the beam specimens was found to decrease after the 175 day exposure period. The findings of the study suggest that Sprayed FRP material would perform well when used for retrofit of concrete structures. In addition to performing well structurally, these materials are lightweight and relatively easy to apply. However, further research should be carried out to evaluate the durability of Sprayed FRP materials prior to commercial use.
Tools for analyzing multiple imputed datasets
Creators: name: Carlin, John B.
name: Li, Ning
name: Greenwood, Philip
name: Coffey, Carolyn
name: Carlin, John B.
name: Li, Ning
name: Greenwood, Philip
name: Coffey, Carolyn
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: missing data
subject: multiple imputation
subject: Rubin's rule of combination
subject: overall estimates

description: The method of multiple imputation (MI) is used increasingly for analyzing datasets with missing observations. Two sets of tasks are required in order to implement the method: (a) generating multiple complete datasets in which missing values have been imputed by simulating from an appropriate probability distribution and (b) analyzing the multiple imputed datasets and combining complete data inferences from them to form an overall inference for parameters of interest. An increasing number of software tools are available for task (a), although this is difficult to automate, because the method of imputation should depend on the context and available covariate data. When the quantity of missing data is not great, the sensitivity of results to the imputation model may be relatively low. In this context, software tools that enable task (b) to be performed with similar ease to the analysis of a single dataset should facilitate the wider use of multiple imputation. Such tools need not only to implement techniques for inference from multiple imputed datasets but also to allow standard manipulations such as transformation and recoding of variables. In this article, we describe a set of Stata commands that we have developed for manipulating and analyzing multiple datasets.
Mapping Large-Scale Gaseous Outflows in Ultraluminous Galaxies with Keck II ESI Spectra: Variations in Outflow Velocity with Galactic Mass
Creators: name: Martin, Crystal L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measurements of interstellar absorption lines in 18 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIGs) have been combined with published data, in order to reassess the dependence of galactic outflow speeds on starburst luminosity and galactic mass. The Doppler shifts reveal outflows of relatively cool gas at $330 \pm 100$km/s. The outflow speeds increase with the star formation rate (SFR) as roughly $v \propto SFR^{0.35}$. This result is surprising since, in the traditional model for starburst-driven winds, these relatively cool gas clouds are accelerated by the ram pressure of a hot, supernova-heated wind that exhibits weak (if any) \x temperature variation with increasing galactic mass. The lack of evidence for much hotter winds is partly a sensitivity issue; but the outflow velocities in ultraluminous starbursts actually are consistent with acceleration by the tepid wind, indicating a hotter component is unlikely to dominate the momentum flux. The \nad velocities in the dwarf starburst winds do not reach the terminal velocity of a hot wind at the measured temperature of kT ~0.73 keV. A dynamically-motivated explanation is that the dwarf starburst winds simply lack enough momentum to accelerate the clouds to the velocity of the hot wind. Among the subsample of starbursts with well- constrained dynamical masses, the terminal outflow velocities approach the galactic escape velocity. If this relation, which is similar to that observed for stellar winds, arises from radiation pressure on dust and gas limiting the maximum luminosity of a starburst, then feedback will be stronger in massive galaxies than previously thought helping shape the high-mass end of the galaxy luminosity function.
description: 12 pages+figures and tables; submitted to ApJ
Additional file 1 of Opportunities for the development of drowning interventions in West Bengal, India: a review of policy and government programs
Creators: name: Gupta, M.
name: A. B. Zwi
name: J. Jagnoor
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Appendix 1: Indian National and State Government searches for policy documents.
On the importance of the few most massive stars: the ionizing cluster of NGC 588
Creators: name: Jamet, Luc
name: Perez, Enrique
name: Cervino, Miguel
name: Stasinska, Grazyna
name: Delgado, Rosa Gonzalez
name: Vilchez, Jose
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a double analysis of the ionizing cluster in NGC 588, a giant HII region (GHR) in the outskirts of the nearby galaxy M33. For this purpose, we obtained ground based long-slit spectroscopy and combined it with archival ground based and space borne imaging and spectroscopy, in the wavelength range 1100-9800 A. A first modeling of the cluster was performed using integrated properties, such as the spectral energy distribution (SED), broad band colors, nebular emission Hbeta equivalent width, the main ultraviolet resonance lines, and the presence of Wolf-Rayet star features. By applying standard assumptions about the initial mass function (IMF), we were unable to fit satisfactorily these observational data. This contradictory result led us to carry out a second modeling, based on a resolved photometric analysis of individual stars in Hubble Space Telescope (HST) images, by means of finding the best fit isochrone in color-magnitude diagrams (CMD), and assigning a theoretical SED to each individual star. The overall SED of the cluster, obtained by integrating the individual stellar SEDs, is found to fit better the observed SED than the best solution found through the integrated first analysis, but at a significantly later stage of evolution of the cluster of 4.2 Myr, as obtained from the best fit to the CMD. A comparative analysis of both methods traces the different results to the effects of statistical fluctuations in the upper end of the IMF, which are significant in NGC 588, with a computed cluster mass of 5600 Msun, as predicted by Cervino et al (2002). We discuss the results in terms of the strong influence of the few most massive stars, six in the case of NGC 588, that dominate the overall SED and, in particular, the ionizing far ultraviolet range beyond the Lyman limit.
On tadpoles and vacuum redefinitions in String Theory
Creators: name: Dudas, E.
name: Pradisi, G.
name: Nicolosi, M.
name: Sagnotti, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tadpoles accompany, in one form or another, all attempts to realize supersymmetry breaking in String Theory, making the present constructions at best incomplete. Whereas these tadpoles are typically large, a closer look at the problem from a perturbative viewpoint has the potential of illuminating at least some of its qualitative features in String Theory. A possible scheme to this effect was proposed long ago by Fischler and Susskind, but incorporating background redefinitions in string amplitudes in a systematic fashion has long proved very difficult. In the first part of this paper, drawing from field theory examples, we thus begin to explore what one can learn by working perturbatively in a ``wrong'' vacuum. While unnatural in Field Theory, this procedure presents evident advantages in String Theory, whose definition in curved backgrounds is mostly beyond reach at the present time. At the field theory level, we also identify and characterize some special choices of vacua where tadpole resummations terminate after a few contributions. In the second part we present a notable example where vacuum redefinitions can be dealt with to some extent at the full string level, providing some evidence for a new link between IIB and 0B orientifolds. We finally show that NS-NS tadpoles do not manifest themselves to lowest order in certain classes of string constructions with broken supersymmetry and parallel branes, including brane-antibrane pairs and brane supersymmetry breaking models, that therefore have UV finite threshold corrections at one loop.
description: 51 pages, LaTeX, 7 eps figures. Typos corrected, refs added. Final version to appear in Nucl. Phys. B. Thanks to W. Mueck for very interesting correspondence. v3 was accidentally in draft format
Carnet nº 15, commencé à Benniu (p. 7)
Creators: name: Péraire, Lucien
name: CNRS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2023

description: created: 18-11-1930
Spring-pins as a timber connector in parallel strand lumber
Creators: name: Robertson, Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The spring pin timber connection was developed by Structurecraft Builders Inc. to meet an architectural need for a high profile project involving a large glass timber facade. Traditionally, bolts would be used for such connections, however these were not acceptable from an architectural standpoint due to the aesthetic statement of the nut and bolt. The spring pin is an "off the shelf" fastener with a compressible diameter so that it fits tightly in the connection hole eliminating the need for highly visible nuts and bolts. Aside from its architectural benefits, the tight-fitting nature of the spring-pin connection has suitable stiffness performance characteristics required for a glass facade. Bolts would have been insufficient because the bolthole tolerance involved would allow for too much slop in the connection posing a hazard to the glazing system. Furthermore, current research has indicated that there is a potential for a strength advantage of tight-fitting pins over bolts with required bolthole tolerances. This thesis examines the strength and stiffness characteristics of these tightfitting pins with ramifications for all tight-fitting pins. A simple Monte-Carlo simulation is presented that provides insight into the effect of bolthole tolerances. The research includes a discussion of the physical testing of the spring-pin connection, and determines the statistical implications of testing twin ended wood connections in which only one end fails. The physical testing is used as tool to determine the fastener stiffness and bearing strength both perpendicular to grain and parallel to grain. Testing is conducted on multiple pin connections, and ultimately on moment connections to reflect the load demands predicted in the structural model. It was found that the spring-pin connection is stiff and strong enough to be used in the facade structural system as a light-duty moment connection. Although the stiffness of the connection is greatly enhanced over tradition bolts, the effect of removing bolthole tolerances on the axial strength of a wood connection is not found to be significant for the connection of interest. The influence of the hole-tolerance is likely to be more profound with brittle connections and diminishes with increased slenderness/ductility of the timber fastener.
A magyar marhahús versenyesélyei az EU-ban
Creators: name: Meszaros, Kornelia
name: Beres, Daniel
name: Meszaros, Kornelia
name: Beres, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Farm Management
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: komparatív előny és hátrány
subject: húsmarha
subject: export
subject: import
subject: relative advantages and disadvantages
subject: beef cattle

description: A tanulmány a magyarországi vágásra szánt, élőszarvasmarha-külkereskedelem versenyképességét, komparatív előnyeit és hátrányait vizsgálja az 1999–2010 közötti időszakban. A marhahús jelentős része elsősorban exportra kerül. Vizsgálva ennek versenyképességét megállapítható, hogy jelenleg komparatív hátránya van az EU27-en belüli marhahúspiacon. A mutatók tendenciáját tekintve a hátrány mértéke évről évre csökkenő. Az RSCA-átlag mutatója a folyamatos emelkedést követően 2008-ban pozitív volt. A külkereskedelmi mérleg minden vizsgált évben aktív. A 2008-ban kibontakozott pénzügyi válság hatása ugyanakkor érződött, s jelentős visszaesést okozott, ami mindhárom mutató értékeiben megnyilvánult. A Gehlhar és Pick által kidolgozott kategóriák alapján pedig megállapítható, hogy a minőségi verseny átváltozott árversennyé a vizsgált időszakban Magyarországon. Az országok közötti árverseny igen erős, amellyel nehéz lépést tartani. ------------------------------------------------------ This paper looks at the competitiveness and relative advantages and disadvantages of the foreign trade in live cattle intended for slaughter in Hungary in the 1999 to 2010 period. A significant portion of beef is exported. An analysis of its competitiveness shows that currently it is at a relative disadvantage in the EU27 beef market. The indicators show that the extent of this disadvantage is reduced each year. Following a gradual increase, the mean RSCA indicator turned positive in 2008. The balance of foreign trade was positive in each year. The financial crisis which unfolded in 2008, however, had negative consequences and caused a significant decline reflected in all three indicators. Based on the categories established by Gehlhar and Pick it is concluded that quality-based competition was replaced by price-based competition in the period under review in Hungary. There is very strong price competition between the countries, which is very difficult to keep abreast of.