cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Impact of Gender on Social Media Use: A Study of Students’ Motivation to Use Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok
Creators: name: Zdonek, Dariusz
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 170105 Gender Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 170113 Social and Community Psychology
subject: 80709 Social and Community Informatics
subject: FOS: Media and communications
subject: 170109 Personality, Abilities and Assessment

description: The paper s an attempt to identify key factors that affect social media (SM) use among students in Poland. They were investigated among respondents divided by gender. The survey involved 646 students of five Polish universities. The study shows that the most popular social media platforms among students are Facebook, YouTube, and Instagram. Statistically significant differences in SM use by women and men were found. Women are much more active on such platforms as Instagram, Snapchat, Pinterest, TikTok, Facebook, and Messenger. Meanwhile, men more often browse and comment content on YouTube, Twitter, and Discord. It has been demonstrated that the popularity of Facebook is founded mostly on the need to cater to own needs regarding studies (faster communication via Messenger, setup of independent student groups to communicate and exchange information ) and habits. Other significant drivers of Facebook, Instagram, and TikTok use include entertainment, boredom, interesting information about others, and popularity among friends. Preliminary research indicated that gender has little to no effect on individual drivers of Facebook and TikTok use (no statistical differences). It was only for Instagram that women listed three drivers as much more important. These were the opportunity to share interesting information with others, the opportunity to learn interesting information about others, and the opportunity to develop one's passions.
From Housing to Health
Creators: name: Li, Olivia
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: Smoking has been decreasing steadily over the past several decades, but advertisers still target some populations for cigarette consumption. Currently, almost nine out of ten African American smokers smoke mentholated cigarettes compared to only one in four White Americans. This disparity in use came about through decades of targeted marketing efforts on the part of tobacco companies. Mentholated cigarettes are more addictive than unflavored cigarettes and lead to more lifelong smoking. Because menthol smokers have a harder time quitting, civil rights and public health advocates have long viewed the marketing practices of menthol cigarette makers as a racial injustice. This Note substantiates this notion by comparing racially targeted marketing of menthol to the racial targeting practices in the subprime mortgage market. In housing crisis-era cases centered on Fair Housing Act claims, courts found that targeting minorities to purchase predatory home loans was a civil rights violation. Drawing on reverse redlining jurisprudence under the Fair Housing Act and the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, this Note proposes a statutory provision that would prohibit racially targeted marketing of mentholated cigarettes.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019)
Evolutionary Status of Brightest and Youngest Source in the Orion Molecular Cloud-3 Region
Creators: name: Takahashi, Satoko
name: Ho, Paul T. P.
name: Tang, Ya-Wen
name: Kawabe, Ryohei
name: Saito, Masao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The brightest continuum source in the Orion Molecular Cloud-3 region (OMC-3), MMS 6, was observed with the Very Large Array (VLA), the Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA), and the Submillimeter Array (SMA). Our data were supplemented by near- to mid-infrared archival data taken by Spitzer Space Telescope. The compact continuum source, MMS 6-main, was detected with an H_2 mass of 3.0 Msun with a size of 510 AU. Despite its compact and well condensed appearance, neither clear CO outflow, radio jet, nor infrared sources (at a wave-length shorter than 8 um) were detected at MMS 6-main even with the present high-spatial resolution and high-sensitivity observations. The derived H_2 column density, 2.6x10^25 cm^-2, corresponds to a visual extinction of A_v~15000 mag., and the derived number density is at least two orders of magnitude higher than for the other OMC-2/3 continuum sources. The volume density profile of the source was estimated to have a power-law index of 2 or steeper down to a radius of ~450 AU. The time scale to form a protostar at the center or the time scale elapsed after its formation is estimated to be 830 to 7600 yr. This is much shorter than the typical lifetime of the Class 0/I protostars, which is ~10^(4-5) yr, suggesting that MMS 6-main is probably in either the earliest stage of the proto-stellar core or in the latest stage of the pre-stellar phase.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures, accepted to ApJ
The e-commerce trade of seahorses
Creators: name: Hicks, Adam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: This research examines the nature and legality of the e-commerce trade of seahorses. Online sales, or e-commerce, is a rapidly growing and very active sector in wildlife trade, one that greatly increases access to and availability of wildlife trade products. My work had three objectives. The first was to quantify the trade of seahorse species in e-commerce and develop an understanding of sites, volumes, prices, trade routes, species and illegality. My second objective was to examine the effects of a decision by members of the Coalition to End Wildlife Trafficking Online – a partnership between companies and wildlife conservation experts for an industry-wide approach to shut down online marketplaces for wildlife traffickers – to suspend seahorse trade. My third objective was to develop recommendations for further research that could secure sustainability in the e-commerce trade of marine wildlife. To meet my objectives, I collected e-commerce postings from online sites, created a database and verification framework, analyzed data and processed all information through the developed framework. I found that the e-commerce sites offered implausibly high volumes of seahorses for sale, albeit with rational prices in the context of what we know. Most of the seahorses in e-commerce were being traded illegally according to our framework. Trade routes were largely as expected, with many seahorses originating from Thailand and Vietnam, both historically large exporters of dried seahorses. However, surprises included Cameroon and China as notable exporters. My findings indicate that the Coalition to End Wildlife Trafficking Online did aid regulation of e-commerce trade in seahorses, with members no longer trading dried seahorses. However, the continued large and illegal e-commerce in seahorses is putting pressure on wild populations and undermines the decisions of CITES Parties to suspend trade exports. I evaluate what CITES has done so far to regulate e-commerce and engage with five recommendations that CITES parties and stakeholders have put forward for how CITES and industry could co-operate to improve policy outcomes for seahorses and other taxa.
Providing Broader Sixth Amendment Protections
Creators: name: Rogers, Shane
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: Though the Framers intended for the Sixth Amendment to secure criminal defendants’ right to a fair trial by providing them with the right to effective assistance of counsel, the full right to effective assistance of counsel is not currently guaranteed. A recent Sixth Circuit case, Turner v. United States, held that a defendant does not have the right to effective assistance of counsel until the right to counsel attaches. This is troubling given that in Turner, the defendant, John Turner, received a sentence ten years greater than the sentence he would have received but for his state counsel’s ineffectiveness. The Sixth Circuit rejected Turner’s ineffective assistance of counsel claim because under current jurisprudence, the right to counsel has a bright-line rule: it does not attach until an indictment is brought or the defendant is brought before a judge. Turner’s attorney for his state case negotiated a plea deal with federal prosecutors before a federal indictment was brought, and therefore, the right to counsel did not attach in the federal case. Thus, Turner did not have the right to effective assistance of counsel. This tension between ineffective assistance of counsel and when the right to such counsel attaches is striking: it deprives criminal defendants of a Sixth Amendment right. Courts can resolve this tension, however, by recognizing that (1) effective assistance of counsel is an independent Sixth Amendment right; (2) the right to counsel raises different administrative and fairness concerns than effective assistance of counsel; and (3) courts apply the different strands of the Sixth Amendment independently, differently, and respective of the concerns the particular case raises. Furthermore, courts should promptly resolve this tension because the racial disparity in outcomes indicates that Turner situations will fall unevenly along poor and minority lines. The Sixth Amendment will not completely and effectively fulfill its purpose of guaranteeing criminal defendants the right to effective assistance of counsel unless it is properly interpreted to protect defendants like John Turner.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019)
The Construction and Criminalization of Disability in School Incarceration
Creators: name: Nanda, Jyoti
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: This Article explores how race functions to ascribe and criminalize disability. It posits that for White students in wealthy schools, disabilities or perceived disabilities are often viewed as medical conditions and treated with care and resources. For students of color, however, the construction of disability (if it exists) may be a criminalized condition that is treated as warranting punishment and segregated classrooms, possibly leading to juvenile justice system involvement. Providing a review of the K-12 disability legal regimes, this Article maps how the process of identifying a student with a disability happens in a hypercriminalized school setting. The Article argues that the school itself contributes to the construction and criminalization of disability and that the attribution of disability is a product of the subjectivity built into the law, heavily surveilled school environments, and biases held by teachers and administrators. For students of color, instead of a designation that attracts more resources, disability is one of the mechanisms through which they are criminalized. This Article culminates with a call for scholars and practitioners to understand the web that exists in the construction and criminalization of disabilities for Black and Latinx children and the role that schools and school actors play in this process.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019)
Early Stopping for Deep Image Prior
Creators: name: Wang, Hengkang
name: Li, Taihui
name: Zhuang, Zhong
name: Chen, Tiancong
name: Liang, Hengyue
name: Sun, Ju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep image prior (DIP) and its variants have showed remarkable potential for solving inverse problems in computer vision, without any extra training data. Practical DIP models are often substantially overparameterized. During the fitting process, these models learn mostly the desired visual content first, and then pick up the potential modeling and observational noise, i.e., overfitting. Thus, the practicality of DIP often depends critically on good early stopping (ES) that captures the transition period. In this regard, the majority of DIP works for vision tasks only demonstrates the potential of the models -- reporting the peak performance against the ground truth, but provides no clue about how to operationally obtain near-peak performance without access to the groundtruth. In this paper, we set to break this practicality barrier of DIP, and propose an efficient ES strategy, which consistently detects near-peak performance across several vision tasks and DIP variants. Based on a simple measure of dispersion of consecutive DIP reconstructions, our ES method not only outpaces the existing ones -- which only work in very narrow domains, but also remains effective when combined with a number of methods that try to mitigate the overfitting. The code is available at https://github.com/sun-umn/Early_Stopping_for_DIP.
description: Published in TMLR (https://openreview.net/forum?id=231ZzrLC8X)
Russian Election Interference and Race-Baiting
Creators: name: Johnson, Darin E.W.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: Russian interference in the 2016 United States presidential election exposed the nation’s vulnerability to targeted campaign disruption by foreign intelligence actors through social media. The Russian cyber disinformation campaign exploited racial divisions in the United States to undermine public confidence in American electoral processes and institutions, revealing how those divisions can be weaponized. The campaign fed on racial divisions arising from institutionalized state practices that have a disparate discriminatory effect on racial minorities. Successful in their online interference in 2016, Russian operatives continued to stoke these divisions in the 2018 midterm election and have begun to do so in the 2020 presidential election campaign. Russia will continue to stir racial division in future elections, and other states may follow suit. To combat this threat, reframing the manner in which national security institutions address matters of race is necessary. This Article advocates that national security institutions adopt an explicit “racism as national security threat” framework in place of the implicit “minority race as threat” framework that has previously shaped national security institutions’ behavior. It traces how a minority race as threat framework has historically guided national security institutional action in significant ways. Further, it elucidates how a racism as national security threat framework promotes American antidiscrimination law and international human rights law, and how the strategic retrenchment of policies, programs, and practices that engender racial discrimination will reduce American vulnerability to foreign exploitation. Ultimately, this Article seeks to popularize the understanding that racism subverts American national security, and frame the curtailment of institutionalized racism as a national security priority of the United States.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 9 No. 2 (2019)
title: Begleitheft Selbstmanagement im Unternehmen und Authentic Leadership
Creators: name: Wesely, Sabine
Publisher: name: Hochschule Hannover
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150 Psychologie
subject: 650 Management

description: Begleitheft zum Seminar "Psychology at Work - Selbstmanagement im Unternehmen und Authentic Leadership". Zusätzlich zu den Videos und den Live online Einheiten enthält das Begleitheft die Video-Übungen zur besseren Übersicht und Bearbeitung, sowie zusätzliche online-Links und vertiefende Arbeitsblätter.
Prospects for joint radio telescope and gravitational wave searches for astrophysical transients
Creators: name: Predoi, V.
name: Clark, J.
name: Creighton, T.
name: Daw, E.
name: Fairhurst, S.
name: Heng, I. S.
name: Kanner, J.
name: Regimbau, T.
name: Shawhan, P.
name: Siemens, X.
name: Sutton, P.
name: Vecchio, A.
name: White, D.
name: Woan, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio skies remain mostly unobserved when it comes to transient phenomena. The direct detection of gravitational waves will mark a major milestone of modern astronomy, as an entirely new window will open on the universe. Two apparently independent phenomena can be brought together in a coincident effort that has the potential to boost both searches. In this paper we will outline the scientific case that stands behind these future joint observations and will describe the methods that might be used to conduct the searches and analyze the data. The targeted sources are binary systems of compact objects, known to be strong candidate sources for gravitational waves. Detection of transients coincident in these two channels would be a significant smoking gun for first direct detection of gravitational waves, and would open up a new field for characterization of astrophysical transients involving massive compact objects.
description: 12 pages, Amaldi 8 Conference (New York, 2009) proceedings paper
From Status to Agency: Abolishing the “Very Spirit of Slavery”
Creators: name: Johnson Jr., Herman N.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: In response to challenges that the disparate impact doctrine violates the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, the Thirteenth Amendment provides a constitutional foundation that deflects the equal protection argument. Early interpreters of the Thirteenth Amendment envisioned the provision as a means to abolish chattel as well as civil slavery, which was the condition of subordinate status shared by all Black persons. Resurrecting this interpretation of the Thirteenth Amendment reveals that early efforts to transform the status of Black persons failed as they unduly focused upon freedom of contract, rather than measures to achieve effective, individual agency. Interpreting the Thirteenth Amendment as a means of transitioning free Black persons from status to agency demonstrates that the societal barriers prohibiting the transformation warranted programs and policies beyond the right to contract. Based upon the dimensions of status suffered by Black persons—perceived as stigma, station, and stratification—the disparate impact doctrine is an appropriate Thirteenth Amendment vehicle to aid in transforming the subordinate status of Black persons.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 7 No. 2 (2017)
Quantitative phase imaging through an ultra-thin lensless fiber endoscope
Creators: name: Sun, Jiawei
name: Wu, Jiachen
name: Wu, Song
name: Cao, Liangcai
name: Goswami, Ruchi
name: Girardo, Salvatore
name: Guck, Jochen
name: Koukourakis, Nektarios
name: Czarske, Juergen W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free technique providing both morphology and quantitative biophysical information in biomedicine. However, applying such a powerful technique to in vivo pathological diagnosis remains challenging. Multi-core fiber bundles (MCFs) enable ultra-thin probes for in vivo imaging, but current MCF imaging techniques are limited to amplitude imaging modalities. We demonstrate a computational lensless microendoscope that uses an ultra-thin bare MCF to perform quantitative phase imaging of biomedical samples with up to 1 μm lateral resolution and nanoscale axial resolution. The incident complex light field at the measurement side is precisely reconstructed from a single-shot far-field speckle pattern at the detection side, enabling digital focusing and 3D volumetric reconstruction without any mechanical movement. The accuracy of the quantitative phase reconstruction is validated by imaging the phase target and hydrogel beads through the MCF. With the proposed imaging modality, 3D imaging of human cancer cells is achieved through the ultra-thin fiber endoscope, promising widespread clinical applications.
description: 16pages, 6 figures
Quark and Gluon Condensates in Isospin Matter
Creators: name: He, Lianyi
name: Jiang, Yin
name: Zhuang, Pengfei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Applying the Hellmann-Feynman theorem to a charged pion gas, the quark and gluon condensates at low isospin density are determined by precise pion properties. At intermediate density around $ f_π^2m_π$, from both the estimation for the dilute pion gas and the calculation with Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, the quark condensate is strongly and monotonously suppressed, while the gluon condensate is enhanced and can be larger than its vacuum value. This unusual behavior of the gluon condensate is universal for Bose condensed matter of mesons. Our results can be tested by lattice calculations at finite isospin density.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures. Published version in PRC
Nonlinear evolution of the magnetorotational instability in eccentric disks
Creators: name: Chan, Chi-Ho
name: Piran, Tsvi
name: Krolik, Julian H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetorotational instability (MRI) has been extensively studied in circular magnetized disks, and its ability to drive accretion has been demonstrated in a multitude of scenarios. There are reasons to expect eccentric magnetized disks to also exist, but the behavior of the MRI in these disks remains largely uncharted territory. Here we present the first simulations that follow the nonlinear development of the MRI in eccentric disks. We find that the MRI in eccentric disks resembles circular disks in two ways, in the overall level of saturation and in the dependence of the detailed saturated state on magnetic topology. However, in contrast with circular disks, the Maxwell stress in eccentric disks can be negative in some disk sectors, even though the integrated stress is always positive. The angular momentum flux raises the eccentricity of the inner parts of the disk and diminishes the same of the outer parts. Because material accreting onto a black hole from an eccentric orbit possesses more energy than material tracing the innermost stable circular orbit, the radiative efficiency of eccentric disks may be significantly lower than circular disks. This may resolve the "inverse energy problem" seen in many tidal disruption events.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 2 appendices, published in ApJ, movies at https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLlhsZldWhMs6OIvfFxf5DZy9UbpimeGGt
Race as a Legal Concept
Creators: name: Desautels-Stein, Justin
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: Race is a legal concept, and like all legal concepts, it is a matrix of rules. Although the legal conception of race has shifted over time, up from slavery and to the present, one element in the matrix has remained the same: the background rules of race have always taken a view of racial identity as a natural aspect of human biology. To be sure, characterizations of the rule have oftentimes kept pace with developments in race science, and the original invention of race as a rationale for the subordination of certain human populations is now a rationale with little currency. The departure from this “classic liberal” conception of race, and its attendant and disturbing view of the function of race, did not, however, depart from the idea that race is a natural and organic part of being a human being. As this Article argues, this seminal background rule—that race is natural, neutral, and necessary—is deeply problematic and a substantial obstacle in the fight against the Supreme Court’s ascending anticlassification jurisprudence. Not to mention, it is also false. In an effort to make some headway against the idea that race is a natural idea, as opposed to a legal concept, the Article attacks the background rules of race via the unlikely field of Conflict of Laws. Taking the Supreme Court’s decision in Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 as a benchmark, the discussion first suggests an early functionalist view of voluntary school integration by way of an analogy to the early twentieth-century transformations occurring in Conflicts of Laws. Second, and in the alternative, the discussion then situates the facts of Parents Involved as literally a problem of Conflict of Laws. In both instances, the hope is to focus legal discourse on the background rules of race so as to empower a new and emancipatory anti-subordination jurisprudence.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 2 No. 1 (2012)
Assessment of biological markers to aid subtype classification in pediatric primary systemic vasculitis
Creators: name: Gibson, Kristen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Chronic primary systemic vasculitis (PSV) describes a diverse group of debilitating and potentially life-threatening diseases, characterized by inflammation of blood vessels within various organs such as the kidneys, lungs, brain, eyes, and skin. Subtypes of the small- to medium-sized vessel vasculitides are particularly challenging to classify due to many overlapping clinical symptoms. Their differentiation is important, however, as there is evidence that different subtypes benefit from different treatment approaches. The rarity of vasculitis in children has limited pediatric-specific PSV studies and the clinical approach to pediatric PSV is adapted primarily from adult studies. Not surprisingly, adult-derived classification criteria are imperfect for children and consequently, fail to classify up to two thirds of children with small- to medium-vessel PSV. The objective of this dissertation is to identify genetic markers and select, circulating biomarkers to better our understanding and clinical approach to managing the disease and to improve outcomes of children with chronic PSV. Using biological samples and clinical metadata from a worldwide cohort of children with chronic PSV, this dissertation reports (1) genetic associations specific to pediatric autoimmune vasculitis through employing a genome-wide association study; (2) a high prevalence of autoantibodies to lysosome associated membrane protein-2 in pediatric PSV that correlate to vasculitis-associated kidney dysfunction; and (3) the identification of nine patients, originally diagnosed with chronic PSV, harbouring novel and/or rare variants in adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) – these genetic data alongside having abrogated ADA2 enzyme activity have led to their reclassification as having a new monogenic form of vasculitis, deficiency of adenosine deaminase 2. This dissertation reports the first large-scale genotype and biomarker study of primary vasculitis focusing solely on pediatric cases. Improved classification is critical for timely therapeutic intervention, for identification of appropriately classified children for clinical trials, and for research, all of which will improve our understanding of the disease and the quality of life of children suffering from chronic PSV.
Putting Theory into Practice: Using a Human Rights Framework and Grassroots Organizing to Build a National Revolutionary Movement
Creators: name: Mandell, Bekah
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: This Essay proposes to use the theoretical framework of Critical Race Theory and Marxism to chart a way forward and away from the Tea Party’s racist dream and toward revolution. This Essay will show how the ruling class uses race and immigration status to isolate, alienate, dehumanize, and divide poor and working class people. Those tactics work to keep working people (particularly Whites) dreaming the impossible dream that someday their oppressors—the ruling class—will offer them the sweet relief and prosperity they so desperately desire. This Essay will demonstrate that while these tactics prevent the poor and working classes from developing the shared struggle, organization, and consequent class-consciousness that are necessary for a movement to overthrow the chains of exploitation and build a revolution, they can be overcome by using a grassroots organizing strategy and human rights framework. The second section of this essay will briefly outline the history of the ruling class’s divide and conquer strategy. The third section will explain how the divide and conquer tactics play out in the contemporary United States. The final section will make the case for overcoming those tactics with an anti-oppression grassroots organizing strategy based on human rights principles informed by both Marxism and Critical Race Theory (CRT). This Essay will demonstrate that this strategy is the most effective way to undermine the ruling class hegemony, and overcome their divide and conquer tactics, and allows working people to develop the class-consciousness necessary to overthrow the bonds of capitalist exploitation.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 1 No. 3 (2011)
Mesoscale Optical Turbulence simulations at Dome C
Creators: name: Lascaux, F.
name: Masciadri, E.
name: Hagelin, S.
name: Stoesz, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: These last years ground-based astronomy has been looking towards Antarctica, especially its summits and the internal continental plateau where the optical turbulence (OT) appears to be confined in a shallow layer close to the surface. Preliminary measurements have so far indicated pretty good value for the seeing above 30-35 m: 0.36" (Agabi et al. 2006), 0.27" (Lawrence et al. 2004) and 0.3" (Trinquet et al. 2008) at Dome C. Site testing campaigns are however extremely expensive, instruments provide only local measurements and atmospheric modeling might represent a step ahead towards the search and selection of astronomical sites thanks to the possibility to reconstruct 3D Cn2 maps over a surface of several kilometers. The Antarctic Plateau represents therefore an important benchmark test to evaluate the possibility to discriminate sites on the same plateau. Our group (Hagelin et al. 2008) has proven that the analyses from the ECMWF global model do not describe with the required accuracy the antarctic boundary and surface layers in the plateau. A better description could be obtained with a mesoscale model. The Meso-Nh model has proven to be reliable in reproducing 3D maps of OT above mid-latitude astronomical sites (Masciadri et al. 1999ab, 2004, Masciadri and Jabouille 2005). In this paper we study the ability of the Meso-Nh model in reconstructing the meteorological parameters as well as the OT above Dome C with different model configurations. We concentrate our attention on the model abilities in reproducing the OT surface layer thickness Hsl and the integral of the Cn2 in the free atmosphere and in the surface layer. It is worth to highlight that these are the first estimates ever done so far with a mesoscale model of the optical turbulence above the internal Antarctic Plateau.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Injective symmetric quantaloid-enriched categories
Creators: name: Shen, Lili
name: Yang, Hang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18D20, 18A20, 18F75

description: We characterize injective objects, injective hulls and essential embeddings in the category of symmetric categories enriched in a small, integral and involutive quantaloid. In particular, injective partial metric spaces are precisely formulated.
description: 27 pages, final version
Cs-induced charge transfer on (2x4)-GaAs(001) studied by photoemission
Creators: name: Tereshchenko, O. E.
name: Paget, D.
name: Chiaradia, P.
name: Wiame, F.
name: Taleb-Ibrahimie, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cesium adsorption on 2x4 GaAs (001) was studied by photoemission and low energy electron diffraction. The different Cs induced changes of the As 3d and Ga 3d core level spectra show that charge transfer is almost complete for Ga surface sites, but is negligible to surface As at a coverage smaller than 0.3 ML. The situation is opposite for a coverage larger than 0.3ML, at which transfer occurs to As but no longer to Ga. Charge transfer to As atoms leads to disordering and destabilization and induces surface conversion from the As-rich surface to the Ga-rich 4x2 one after annealing at a reduced temperature of 450 C.
DELIVERABLE 4.1. Requirements report
Creators: name: Satrústegui, Marco
name: Martinez-Iturralde, Miguel
name: Sanz, Santiago
name: Sarmiento, Gustavo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Project HIVOMOT (HIgh power and VOltage operation of electric MOTors in aeronautics) deals with the study, conceptual design, manufacture, and test of a superconducting solution demonstrator for electric motors in planes.
 In order to facilitate a progressive incorporation of high temperature superconductors (HTS) propulsion systems, additionally HIVOMOT seek a configuration able to be used in “conventional” planes, attempting to match with standards limitations in current aeronautics.
 When approaching a design of an electrical machine, it is necessary to previously define different requirements (or goals) such as output power, power density, torque, etc. In addition, it is a well-known fact that depending on the application, these requirements change a lot.
 To achieve an accurate motor design, it is necessary to define as precise as possible the final application together with its requirements. In this sense, this document tries to define the requirements of an electric motor for aircraft applications, more precisely, for the propulsion system of a regional aircraft.
 These requirements can be classified in different groups depending on their nature. This document has been divided taking this into account, and the following groups have been identified: Electromagnetic requirements Motor topology Cryogenic requirements Auxiliary system and energy consumption limitations
Coarse-grained modeling of crystals by the amplitude expansion of the phase-field crystal model: an overview
Creators: name: Salvalaglio, Marco
name: Elder, Ken R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Comprehensive investigations of crystalline systems often require methods bridging atomistic and continuum scales. In this context, coarse-grained mesoscale approaches are of particular interest as they allow the examination of large systems and time scales while retaining some microscopic details. The so-called Phase-Field Crystal (PFC) model conveniently describes crystals at diffusive time scales through a continuous periodic field which varies on atomic scales and is related to the atomic number density. To go beyond the restrictive atomic length scales of the PFC model, a complex amplitude formulation was first developed by Goldenfeld et al. [Phys. Rev. E 72, 020601 (2005)]. While focusing on length scales larger than the lattice parameter, this approach can describe crystalline defects, interfaces, and lattice deformations. It has been used to examine many phenomena including liquid/solid fronts, grain boundary energies, and strained films. This topical review focuses on this amplitude expansion of the PFC model and its developments. An overview of the derivation, connection to the continuum limit, representative applications, and extensions is presented. A few practical aspects, such as suitable numerical methods and examples, are illustrated as well. Finally, the capabilities and bounds of the model, current challenges, and future perspectives are addressed.
description: 57 pages, 15 figures
A Dedication
Creators: name: Farley, Anthony Paul
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: This symposium of the Columbia Journal of Law and Race, Critical Race Theory and Marxism, is dedicated to Keith Aoki, 1955-2011. Keith died an hour after I arrived at his home in Davis, California. One hour and he was gone.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 1 No. 3 (2011)
Quadratic Lie algebras and quasi-exact solvability of the two-photon Rabi Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Dolya, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is proved that the two-photon Rabi Hamiltonian is quasi exactly solvable on the basis of the two different quadratic Lie algebras.
description: 10 pages. Typos corrected
Temporal-offset dual-comb vibrometer with picometer axial precision
Creators: name: Iwasaki, A.
name: Nishikawa, D.
name: Okano, M.
name: Tateno, S.
name: Yamanoi, K.
name: Nozaki, Y.
name: Watanabe, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a dual-comb vibrometer where the pulses of one frequency-comb are split into pulse pairs. We introduce a delay between the two pulses of each pulse pair in front of the sample, and after the corresponding two consecutive reflections at the vibrating sample surface, the initially introduced delay is cancelled by a modified Sagnac geometry. The remaining phase difference between the two pulses corresponds to the change in the axial position of the surface during the two consecutive reflections. The Sagnac geometry reduces the effect of phase jitter since both pulses propagate through nearly the same optical path (in opposite directions), and spurious signals are eliminated by time gating. We determine the amplitude of a surface vibration on a surface-acoustic-wave device with an axial precision of 4 pm. This technique enables highly accurate determination of extremely small displacements.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Persistent revivals in a system of trapped bosonic atoms
Creators: name: Mejia, Carlos Diaz
name: de la Cruz, Javier
name: Lerma-Hernandez, Sergio
name: Hirsch, Jorge G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical signatures of quantum chaos are observed in the survival probability of different initial states, in a system of cold atoms trapped in a linear chain with site noise and open boundary conditions. It is shown that chaos is present in the region of small disorder, at intermediate energies. The study is performed with different number of sites and atoms: 7,8 and 9, but focusing on the case where the particle density is one. States of the occupation basis with energies in the chaotic region are evolved at long times.
 Remarkable differences in the behaviour of the survival probability are found for states with different energy-eigenbasis participation ratio (PR). Whereas those with large PR clearly exhibit the characteristic random-matrix correlation hole before equilibration, those with small PR present a marginal or even no correlation hole which is replaced by revivals lasting up to the stage of equilibration, suggesting a connection with the quantum scarring phenomenon.
description: 12 figures
Self-commuting lattice polynomial functions
Creators: name: Couceiro, Miguel
name: Lehtonen, Erkko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 08A40, 39B05

description: We provide sufficient conditions for a lattice polynomial function to be self-commuting. We explicitly describe self-commuting polynomial functions over chains.
description: 10 pages
On the sectional category of subgroup inclusions and Adamson cohomology theory
Creators: name: Błaszczyk, Zbigniew
name: Carrasquel, José
name: Baro, Arturo Espinosa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 55M30 (Primary) 68T40(Secondary)

description: The sectional category of a subgroup inclusion $H \hookrightarrow G$ can be defined as the sectional category of the corresponding map between Eilenberg--MacLane spaces. We extend a characterization of topological complexity of aspherical spaces given by Farber, Grant, Lupton and Oprea to the context of sectional category of subgroup inclusions and investigate it by means of Adamson cohomology theory.
description: 18 pages, reworked format, several corrections and examples added. This version is published in Journal of Pure and Applied Algebra
Have We Crossed the Bridge Yet?
Creators: name: Greenaway Jr., Joesph A.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: Last test week, David Remnick’s book, The Bridge, was published. It is a book ostensibly about the life and rise of our President, Barack Obama. The Bridge is a reference to the bridge in Selma, Alabama where civil rights demonstrators were violently attacked by state troopers on March 7, 1965 on their way to Montgomery . . . Although deterred that day, the marchers, invoking the rule of law, eventually prevailed and were permitted to complete their historic march to Montgomery. That confrontation galvanized our nation and helped lead to the passage of the Voting Rights Act later that year. . . . During the festivities relating to President Obama’s inauguration, when asked to comment on the historic significance of the impending inauguration, Congressman [John] Lewis commented that Barack Obama is what comes at the end of that Bridge in Selma. It is a powerful, yet intriguing, metaphor that is susceptible to many interpretations. Is having an African American President reaching the promised land? Is he what we, as African Americans, have hoped for in our quest for freedom? Is President Obama the proverbial pot of gold at the end of the rainbow?
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2011)
Bogomolny equations and conformal transformations in curved space
Creators: name: Zhang, P. -M.
name: Horváthy, P. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coupling of the Higgs field through the Ricci tensor, put forward by Balakrishna and Wali, is derived using a conformal rescaling of the metric. Earlier results on "Bogomolny-type" equations in curved space, by Comtet, and others, are recovered. The procedure can be generalized to any static background metric.
description: 3 pages (revtex), no figures
Enforcing Civil Rights Obligations Through the False Claims Act
Creators: name: Hayes, Stephen F.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2019

description: In August 2019, Westchester County, New York entered into a consent decree to settle a lawsuit brought against it pursuant to the federal False Claims Act. Serving as a qui tam relator on behalf of the United States government, a non-profit alleged that Westchester had falsely certified that it had complied with its obligations to affirmatively further fair housing in order to receive over $50 million in federal housing funds. According to the relators, Westchester had failed to undertake basic fair housing requirements such as considering race-based impediments to housing choice. The litigation was the first to employ the FCA as a method to enforce a locality’s obligation to affirmatively further fair housing and thus represents an innovative model for litigation aimed at reforming major social institutions. This Article situates the Westchester case in ongoing debates about the legitimacy and efficacy of institutional reform litigation and concludes that the public-private partnership model offered by the FCA addresses some common criticisms of litigation as a method of institutional change.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2011)
One-dimensional viscoelastic von Kármán theories derived from nonlinear thin-walled beams
Creators: name: Friedrich, Manuel
name: Machill, Lennart
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74D05, 74D10, 35A15, 35Q74, 49J45

description: We derive an effective one-dimensional limit from a three-dimensional Kelvin-Voigt model for viscoelastic thin-walled beams, in which the elastic and the viscous stress tensor comply with a frame-indifference principle. The limiting system of equations comprises stretching, bending, and twisting both in the elastic and the viscous stress. It coincides with the model already identified via [Friedrich-Kružík '20] and [Friedrich-Machill '22] by a successive dimension reduction, first from 3D to a 2D theory for von Kármán plates and then from 2D to a 1D theory for ribbons. In the present paper, we complement the previous analysis by showing that the limit can also be obtained by sending the height and width of the beam to zero simultaneously. Our arguments rely on the static $Γ$-convergence in [Freddi-Mora-Paroni '13], on the abstract theory of metric gradient flows, and on evolutionary $Γ$-convergence by Sandier and Serfaty.
Quantum phase properties associated to solvable quantum systems using the nonlinear coherent states approach
Creators: name: Honarasa, G. R.
name: Tavassoly, M. K.
name: Hatami, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the quantum phase properties of {\it "nonlinear coherent states"} and {\it "solvable quantum systems with discrete spectra"} using the Pegg-Barnett formalism in a unified approach. The presented procedure will then be applied to few special solvable quantum systems with known discrete spectrum as well as to some new classes of nonlinear oscillators with particular nonlinearity functions. Finally the associated phase distributions and their nonclasscial properties such as the squeezing in number and phase operators have been investigated, numerically.
description: 11 pages, 12 figures