cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Intelligence and neural efficiency as determined by EEG-Coherence
Creators: name: Schrausser, Dietmar
name: Fink, Andreas
name: Neubauer, Aljoscha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2001

description: Beneath EEG mapping methods which focus on the level of cortical activation the coherence parameter is used to assess the level of functional coupling of brain areas. As there is empirical evidence that highly intelligent individuals display a more focused pattern of activation during cognitive performance they should be characterized by a lower task related coherence Introduction. A sample of 26 males and 26 females performed verbal, numerical and figural versions of the Posner task. 27-channel scalp EEGs were recorded. Common Average Reference was calculated. Inter-and intrahemispheric task related coherence was computed. The frequency bands were determined individually for each participant Method Results and Conclusions. Significant sex-related differences in both inter-and intrahemispheric task related coherence was found for lower frequency bands. Theta and lower-1 alpha bands' total interhemispheric and long distance intrahemispheric coherence produced a consistent pattern of intelligence by sex interaction: While high IQ females display lower coherence as compared to low IQ females for males no significant difference was found. The results suggest sex related IQ differences in use of the brain as determined by EEG coherence.
Unconditional quantum correlations do not violate Bell's inequality
Creators: name: Khrennikov, Andrei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper I demonstrate that the quantum correlations of polarization (or spin) observables used in Bell's argument against local realism have to be interpreted as {\it conditional} quantum correlations. By taking into account additional sources of randomness in Bell's type experiments, i.e., supplementary to source randomness, I calculate (in the standard quantum formalism) the complete quantum correlations. The main message of the quantum theory of measurement (due to von Neumann) is that complete correlations can be essentially smaller than the conditional ones. Additional sources of randomness diminish correlations. One can say another way around: transition from unconditional correlations to conditional can increase them essentially. This is true for both classical and quantum probability. The final remark is that classical conditional correlations do not satisfy Bell's inequality. Thus we met the following {\it conditional probability dilemma}: either to use the conditional quantum probabilities, as was done by Bell and others, or complete quantum correlations. However, in the first case the corresponding classical conditional correlations need not satisfy Bell's inequality and in the second case the complete quantum correlations satisfy Bell's inequality. Thus in neither case we have a problem of mismatching of classical and quantum correlations. It seems that the whole structure of Bell's argument was based on unacceptable identification of conditional quantum correlations with unconditional classical correlations.
(103522) Georgina Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
On the intergalactic temperature-density relation
Creators: name: McQuinn, Matthew
name: Sanderbeck, Phoebe R. Upton
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmological simulations of the low-density intergalactic medium exhibit a strikingly tight power-law relation between temperature and density that holds over two decades in density. It is found that this relation should roughly apply Delta z ~ 1-2 after a reionization event, and this limiting behavior has motivated the power-law parameterizations used in most analyses of the Ly-alpha forest. This relation has been explained by using equations linearized in the baryonic overdensity (which does not address why a tight power-law relation holds over two decades in density) or by equating the photoheating rate with the cooling rate from cosmological expansion (which we show is incorrect). Previous explanations also did not address why recombination cooling and Compton cooling off of the cosmic microwave background, which are never negligible, do not alter the character of this relation. We provide an understanding for why a tight power-law relation arises for unshocked gas at all densities for which collisional cooling is unimportant. We also use our results to comment on (1) how quickly fluctuations in temperature redshift away after reionization processes, (2) how much shock heating occurs in the low-density intergalactic medium, and (3) how the temperatures of collapsing gas parcels evolve.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures; published in MNRAS
(103523) Maria Knox
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Investigating the Phosphorylation of HDAC6 in Protection Against Alzheimer's Disease
Creators: name: Camryn Isemann
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of waste proteins, often referred to as tangles, which are considered the primary contributor to neuronal death. The main component of these tangles is tau protein which undergoes modifications that correlate with cognitive decline. Of these modifications, lysine acetylation is particularly relevant as it strongly accelerates tangle formation. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is known to remove acetyl groups from tau protein, and thus, serves as a potential modifier for AD pathogenesis. Here, we hypothesize that HDAC6 activity is regulated by specific kinases via phosphorylation at Ser-22. In this study, we performed subcellular fractionation, co-immunoprecipitation, and immunofluorescence approaches using HEK-293 cells. We further investigate which kinases most effectively interact with and phosphorylate HDAC6, and analyze the downstream events of HDAC6 phosphorylation, such as nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling. Our results showed that the Parkinson’s disease (PD)-relevant kinase LRRK2, and GSK-3, a kinase long implicated in AD progression, exhibited potent kinase activities towards HDAC6 and mediated subcellular translocation of HDAC6. This study highlights potential upstream enzymes of HDAC6 and the succeeding events of HDAC6 phosphorylation. Further investigation of these kinases in disease models could reveal alternative strategies for AD treatment and potentially bridge gaps between AD and PD pathologies.
A theoretical scheme for the realization of the sphere-coherent motional states in an atom-assisted optomechanical cavity
Creators: name: Bemani, F.
name: Roknizadeh, R.
name: Naderi, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical scheme for the realization of the sphere-coherent motional states in an optomechanical cavity in the presence of a two-level atom is proposed. To this end, the analogy between an atom-assisted optomechanical cavity and a laser-driven trapped-ion system is used. This analogy provides us with a theoretical tool to show how sphere-coherent states can be generated for the motional degree of freedom of the macroscopic mechanical oscillator from atom-field-mirror interactions in a multi-mode optomechanical cavity. Some nonclassical properties of the generated state of the mechanical oscillator, including the degree of quadrature squeezing and the negativity of the Wigner distribution are studied. We also examine the effects of the dissipation mechanisms involved in the system under consideration, including the atomic spontaneous emission and the damping of the motion of the mechanical oscillator, on the generated motional sphere-coherent states.
Combinatorial positivity of translation-invariant valuations and a discrete Hadwiger theorem
Creators: name: Jochemko, Katharina
name: Sanyal, Raman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 52B45, 05A10, 52B20, 05A15

description: We introduce the notion of combinatorial positivity of translation-invariant valuations on convex polytopes that extends the nonnegativity of Ehrhart h*-vectors. We give a surprisingly simple characterization of combinatorially positive valuations that implies Stanley's nonnegativity and monotonicity of h*-vectors and generalizes work of Beck et al. (2010) from solid-angle polynomials to all translation-invariant simple valuations. For general polytopes, this yields a new characterization of the volume as the unique combinatorially positive valuation up to scaling. For lattice polytopes our results extend work of Betke--Kneser (1985) and give a discrete Hadwiger theorem: There is essentially a unique combinatorially-positive basis for the space of lattice-invariant valuations. As byproducts of our investigations, we prove a multivariate Ehrhart-Macdonald reciprocity and we show universality of weight valuations studied in Beck et al. (2010).
description: 24 pages, 2 figures; accepted for publication in J. Eur. Math. Soc; v4: minor updates
(103519) William Handcock Rowlands
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
ERSEM 15.06: a generic model for marine biogeochemistry and the ecosystem dynamics of the lower trophic levels.
Creators: name: Butenschön, Momme
name: Clark, James
name: Aldridge, John N.
name: Allen, Julian Icarus
name: Artioli, Yuri
name: Blackford, Jeremy
name: Bruggeman, Jorn
name: Cazenave, Pierre
name: Ciavatta, Stefano
name: Kay, Susan
name: Lessin, Gennadi
name: Van Leeuwen, Sonja
name: Van Der Molen, Johan
name: De Mora, Lee
name: Polimene, Luca
name: Sailley, Sevrine
name: Stephens, Nicholas
name: Torres, Ricardo
Publisher: name: UNESCO/IOC
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Benthos
subject: Pelagic ecosystem
subject: Microbial food web
subject: Ecosystem modeling
subject: Parameter Discipline::Biological oceanography::Biota composition

description: The European Regional Seas Ecosystem Model (ERSEM) is one of the most established ecosystem models for the lower trophic levels of the marine food web in the scientific literature. Since its original development in the early nineties it has evolved significantly from a coastal ecosystem model for the North Sea to a generic tool for ecosystem simulations from shelf seas to the global ocean. The current model release contains all essential elements for the pelagic and benthic parts of the marine ecosystem, including the microbial food web, the carbonate system, and calcification. Its distribution is accompanied by a testing framework enabling the analysis of individual parts of the model. Here we provide a detailed mathematical description of all ERSEM components along with case studies of mesocosm-type simulations, water column implementations, and a brief example of a full-scale application for the north-western European shelf. Validation against in situ data demonstrates the capability of the model to represent the marine ecosystem in contrasting environments.
Analysis of stability of community structure across multiple hierarchical levels
Creators: name: Li, Hui-Jia
name: Zhang, Xiang-Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The analysis of stability of community structure is an important problem for scientists from many fields. Here, we propose a new framework to reveal hidden properties of community structure by quantitatively analyzing the dynamics of Potts model. Specifically we model the Potts procedure of community structure detection by a Markov process, which has a clear mathematical explanation. Critical topological information regarding to multivariate spin configuration could also be inferred from the spectral significance of the Markov process. We test our framework on some example networks and find it doesn't have resolute limitation problem at all. Results have shown the model we proposed is able to uncover hierarchical structure in different scales effectively and efficiently.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Gutachten «Beschaffungsrechtliche Sanktionsliste»
Creators: name: Diebold, Nicolas
name: Rütsche, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Das totalrevidierte Bundesgesetz über das öffentliche Beschaffungswesen vom 21. Juni 2019 (BöB) sieht in Art. 45 neu vor, dass Anbieterinnen, die gegen bestimmte Pflichten verstossen haben, für eine Dauer von bis zu fünf Jahren keine öffentlichen Aufträge mehr erhalten dürfen. Die ebenfalls totalrevidierte Verordnung über das öffentliche Beschaffungswesen vom 12. Februar 2020 (VöB) beauftragt in Art. 25 die BKB mit der Aufgabe, eine Liste der sanktionierten Anbieterinnen zu führen. Die Beschaffungskonferenz des Bundes BKB unterbreitete den Professoren Nicolas Diebold und Bernhard Rütsche vom Institut für Wirtschaft und Regulierung der Universität Luzern am 9. Juli 2021 den Auftrag, verschiedene Fragestellungen im Zusammenhang mit der «Liste der sanktionierten Anbieterinnen» gemäss Art. 45 Abs. 3 BöB in Form eines Rechtsgutachtens zu beantworten.
description: + ID der Publikation: unilu_68491 + Sprache: Deutsch + Auftraggeber: Beschaffungskonferenz des Bundes BKB, Bern
Summer Accelerated Research Project: Cebu Longitudinal Study
Creators: name: Saratu Garba
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: There is a constant concern that post-partum weight retention following pregnancy contributes to increased obesity prevalence in women. Yet, research surrounding net-weight-gain as it relates to periods of lactation and multiple births is still limited, especially in low- and middle- income countries. In addition, there are time-trends in overweight and obesity, with young generations in the Philippines experiencing more weight-gain at younger ages compared to their mothers. Obesity and weight-gain are serious issues linked to other chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and others. In the Philippines the leading causes of death include cardiovascular diseases and diabetes.

This summer research project aimed to examine: (1) how 20-year trends in weight-gain relate to pregnancy and lactation among women in a community-based study in Cebu, Philippines, (2) how the trends are affected by socioeconomic status and education levels; and (3) how the trends differ across 2 generations of mothers.
(103521) Georgina Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Baseline and innate immune response characterization of a Zfp30 knockout mouse strain
Creators: name: Thomas, J.M.
name: Mock, J.R.
name: McFadden, K.M.
name: Ideraabdullah, F.
name: Cowley, D.O.
name: Tovar, A.
name: Laudermilk, L.T.
name: Tune, M.K.
name: Kelada, S.N.P.
name: Homstad, A.K.
Publisher: name: Springer
Year: 2020

description: Airway neutrophilia is correlated with disease severity in a number of chronic and acute pulmonary diseases, and dysregulation of neutrophil chemotaxis can lead to host tissue damage. The gene Zfp30 was previously identified as a candidate regulator of neutrophil recruitment to the lungs and secretion of CXCL1, a potent neutrophil chemokine, in a genome-wide mapping study using the Collaborative Cross. ZFP30 is a putative transcriptional repressor with a KRAB domain capable of inducing heterochromatin formation. Using a CRISPR-mediated knockout mouse model, we investigated the role that Zfp30 plays in recruitment of neutrophils to the lung using models of allergic airway disease and acute lung injury. We found that the Zfp30 null allele did not affect CXCL1 secretion or neutrophil recruitment to the lungs in response to various innate immune stimuli. Intriguingly, despite the lack of neutrophil phenotype, we found there was a significant reduction in the proportion of live Zfp30 homozygous female mutant mice produced from heterozygous matings. This deviation from the expected Mendelian ratios implicates Zfp30 in fertility or embryonic development. Overall, our results indicate that Zfp30 is an essential gene but does not influence neutrophilic inflammation in this particular knockout model.
A multi-faceted approach to sustainable reproductive health education for young girls in Antigua, Guatemala
Creators: name: Curtis, Regan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Sexual health is one of the most relevant yet undertaught subjects in youth education. This project implemented an intervention strategy to teach healthy communication, contraception, and women’s empowerment to girls in Santa Maria, Guatemala while also interviewing community members about their views on these issues. By better understanding local attitudes, we are able to work with Guatemalan organizations in order to serve local communities. The program was planned in cooperation with a local nonprofit, De Casas a Hogares, run by a mix of Guatemalan and American citizens, in order to ensure the program met specific community needs with culture sensitivity. The program, called “Chicas Unidas," taught 25 girls in Escuela Kemna’Oj ages 10 through 17 during an eight week program. We also interviewed 50 local mothers as well all program participants about reproductive health and feedback on the program.
Death scene investigation and autopsy proceedings in identifying the victims of the terror attack on the Breitscheidplatz in Berlin 19th December 2016
Creators: name: Buschmann, Claas
name: Hartwig, Sven
name: Tsokos, Michael
name: Oesterhelweg, Lars
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Forensic autopsy
subject: Disaster victim identification (DVI)
subject: Death scene investigation
subject: Blunt trauma
subject: Casper’s sign
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: We describe and discuss the forensic mission after the terrorist attack on the Breitscheidplatz in Berlin on 19th December 2016, focusing on co-operation with police authorities, and the injury patterns of the deceased. Even after massive blunt trauma, severe injury patterns are often unrecognizable by visual inspection of the body (“Casper’s sign”), which could instill false security among rescuers or, as happened on the Breitscheidplatz, may lead to distress or even trauma in rescue personnel when obviously primarily uninjured patients die suddenly.
Existence, blow-up and exponential decay of solutions for a porous-elastic system with damping and source terms
Creators: name: Khoa, Vo Anh
name: Ngoc, Le Thi Phuong
name: Long, Nguyen Thanh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35L05, 35L15, 35L20, 35L55, 35L70

description: In this paper we consider a porous-elastic system consisting of nonlinear boundary/interior damping and nonlinear boundary/interior sources. Our interest lies in the theoretical understanding of the existence, finite time blow-up of solutions and their exponential decay using non-trivial adaptations of well-known techniques. First, we apply the conventional Faedo-Galerkin method with standard arguments of density on the regularity of initial conditions to establish two local existence theorems of weak solutions. Moreover, we detail the uniqueness result in some specific cases. In the second theme, we prove that any weak solution possessing negative initial energy has the latent blow-up in finite time. Finally, we obtain the so-called exponential decay estimates for the global solution under the construction of a suitable Lyapunov functional. In order to corroborate our theoretical decay, a numerical example is provided.
description: 4 figures, 3 tables
Hematuria associated variants
Creators: name: 邓昊(Hao Deng)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Exome
Multiisolate

description: A heterozygous splicing variant and a heterozygous missense variant in the collagen type IV alpha 4 chain gene (COL4A4) were identified in two unrelated Han-Chinese families with hematuria.
An invariance principle for stochastic heat equations with periodic coefficients
Creators: name: Xu, Lu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 60H15, 35R60

description: We investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the solution $u(t, \cdot)$ to a stochastic heat equation with a periodic, gradient-type nonlinear term. We extend the central limit theorem for finite-dimensional diffusions to infinite-dimensional settings. Due to our results, $\frac{1}{\sqrt t}u(t, \cdot)$ converges weakly to a centered Gaussian variable whose covariance operator is described through Poisson equations. Different from the finite-dimensional case, the fluctuation in space vanishes in the limit distribution. Furthermore, we verify the tightness and present an invariance principle for $\{εu(ε^{-2}t, \cdot)\}_{t \in [0, T]}$ as $ε\downarrow 0$.
MR to Ultrasound Registration for Prostate Challenge
Creators: name: Baum, Zachary M. C.
name: Shaheer U. Saeed
name: Min, Zhe
name: Yipeng Hu
name: Barratt, Dean C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: registration
multimodal
deformable
prostate
MRI
ultrasound
MICCAI Challenges

description: Multimodal image registration between pre-operative and intra-operative imaging enables the fusion of clinically important information during many surgical and interventional tasks. The registration of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images assists prostate biopsy and focal therapy, arguably having transformed prostate cancer patient care to a less invasive and more localized diagnostic, monitoring and treatment pathway. Though, even with great progress having been made by the community in the past two decades, challenges remain in this application. First, paired MRI and TRUS data from a sizable patient cohort are not routinely stored in clinical practice, and publicly-accessible data is scarce and low-quality. Second, annotating anatomical and pathological landmarks on both images - critical in representing corresponding locations for validation - requires expert domain knowledge and experience from multiple disciplines including urology, radiology and pathology. In addition to its prevalence-warranted clinical importance, this is also a unique application that saw a wide range of registration algorithms proposed and housed intriguing debates such as rigid-versus-nonrigid and FLE-versus-TRE. Both feature- and intensity-based classical methods and unsupervised or segmentation-driven learning methods have been innovated with some most technically interesting approaches in the field such as biomechanical regularisation and statistical motion modelling. The mu-Reg challenge aims to provide well-curated, yet real-world clinical data, with more than a hundred paired MR and TRUS images, annotated carefully by researchers and clinicians with more than 15 years of experience working with this application. The outcome of the challenge includes one of the first multimodal imaging data, facilitated with expert annotations for validation, for benchmarking advancement in registration methodology, as well as for future research in managing the most common non-skin cancer in men.
Identifying overlapping communities in social networks using multi-scale local information expansion
Creators: name: Li, Hui-Jia
name: Zhang, Junhua
name: Liu, Zhi-Ping
name: Chen, Luonan
name: Zhang, Xiang-Sun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most existing approaches for community detection require complete information of the graph in a specific scale, which is impractical for many social networks. We propose a novel algorithm that does not embrace the universal approach but instead of trying to focus on local social ties and modeling multi-scales of social interactions occurring in those networks. Our method for the first time optimizes the topological entropy of a network and uncovers communities through a novel dynamic system converging to a local minimum by simply updating the membership vector with very low computational complexity. It naturally supports overlapping communities through associating each node with a membership vector which describes node's involvement in each community. This way, in addition to uncover overlapping communities, we can also describe different multi-scale partitions by tuning the characteristic size of modules from the optimal partition. Because of the high efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm, it is feasible to be used for the accurate detection of community structure in real networks.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1004.4268, arXiv:cond-mat/0308217 by other authors; text overlap with arXiv:1104.5247 by other authors without attribution
Stereology as the 3D tool to quantitate lung architecture
Creators: name: Knudsen, Lars
name: Brandenberger, Christina
name: Ochs, Matthias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: Stereology
subject: Volume electron microscopy
subject: Laser scanning microscopy
subject: Micro-computed tomography
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Stereology is the method of choice for the quantitative assessment of biological objects in microscopy. It takes into account the fact that, in traditional microscopy such as conventional light and transmission electron microscopy, although one has to rely on measurements on nearly two-dimensional sections from fixed and embedded tissue samples, the quantitative data obtained by these measurements should characterize the real three-dimensional properties of the biological objects and not just their "flatland" appearance on the sections. Thus, three-dimensionality is a built-in property of stereological sampling and measurement tools. Stereology is, therefore, perfectly suited to be combined with 3D imaging techniques which cover a wide range of complementary sample sizes and resolutions, e.g. micro-computed tomography, confocal microscopy and volume electron microscopy. Here, we review those stereological principles that are of particular relevance for 3D imaging and provide an overview of applications of 3D imaging-based stereology to the lung in health and disease. The symbiosis of stereology and 3D imaging thus provides the unique opportunity for unbiased and comprehensive quantitative characterization of the three-dimensional architecture of the lung from macro to nano scale.
University Libraries 21-Day Racial Equity Challenge Syllabus
Creators: name: Whiteside, Alice
name: Gregory, Lisa
name: Estorino, Maria
name: Griffin, Susan
name: Berkowitz, Jodi
name: Ruth, Lisa
name: Figueroa, Monica
name: Shawgo, Kristan
name: Diesenhaus, Doug
name: Bardeen, Angela
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: As part of the University Libraries Reckoning Initiative, Library staff engaged in a voluntary 21-Day Racial Equity Challenge to further skills around understanding racism, bias, and racial inequity. The University
Libraries 21-Day Racial Equity Challenge inspired participants to engage, act, and reflect on race and racial equity in personal spaces as well as in the organization and the profession.
Influence of operative timing on the early post-operative radiological and clinical outcome after kyphoplasty
Creators: name: Palmowski, Yannick
name: Balmer, Sophie
name: Bürger, Justus
name: Schömig, Friederike
name: Hu, Zhouyang
name: Pumberger, Matthias
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Kyphoplasty
subject: Vertebral compression fracture
subject: Osteoporosis
subject: Operative timing
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Purpose: To clarify the relationship between operative timing and the early post-operative radiological and clinical outcome after kyphoplasty. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including patients who underwent kyphoplasty of a single vertebra. Patients were divided into three groups (acute [< 2 weeks], subacute [2–6 weeks] or chronic [6–51 weeks]) based on the interval between fracture and surgery. The relative vertebral body height (VBH) and local kyphotic angle (LKA) of the fractured vertebra (measured on plain radiographs) as well as pain and use of analgesics were compared pre- and post-operatively (day 2) and between the groups. Results: A total of 230 patients (100 with acute, 91 with subacute and 39 with chronic fractures) with fractures from T4 to L5 were included. In all groups, there was a significant post-operative improvement in the anterior (8.9–12.9%) and middle (10.7–13.4%) VBH (all groups: p < 0.001), LKA (acute: 3.8°, p < 0.001; subacute: 4.3°, p < 0.001; chronic: 1.7°, p = 0.046) and pain. The use of analgesics significantly decreased post-operatively in the acute and subacute groups, but did not significantly change in the chronic group. Patients from acute (p = 0.042) and subacute (p = 0.027) groups showed significantly better post-operative correction of the LKA than the chronic group. Conclusion: Kyphoplasty is effective for vertebral height restoration as well as pain relief for both acute, subacute and chronic fractures. However, the achievable correction of the fracture-related local kyphosis decreases significantly after 6 weeks. Therefore, we recommend making a final decision about conservative vs. operative treatment within 6 weeks to ensure better height restoration in surgically treated patients.
Advanced OOP and new syntax patterns for Javascript
Creators: name: Rosa, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Transpiler, Javascript, Object Oriented Programming, C++

description: We present OBJS, a new transpiler project featuring the implementation of typified variables and functions call management in Javascript, as well as several new operators and syntax patterns that could make coding more agile and versatile. The goal is to empower this language. According to this point of view, this transpiler aims at implementing Object Oriented Programming paradigms into Javascript. The author opines that this would be likely the best evolution of this language in ways that should be proper to the original syntax, that is, by adopting native C++standards, so that there would be no promiscuity between old and new patterns, benefiting those who come from similar languages.
(103514) Bishop of Hexham
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Comparison of hit-and-run, slice sampling and random walk Metropolis
Creators: name: Rudolf, Daniel
name: Ullrich, Mario
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J22, 65C05, 60J05

description: Different Markov chains can be used for approximate sampling of a distribution given by an unnormalized density function with respect to the Lebesgue measure. The hit-and-run, (hybrid) slice sampler and random walk Metropolis algorithm are popular tools to simulate such Markov chains. We develop a general approach to compare the efficiency of these sampling procedures by the use of a partial ordering of their Markov operators, the covariance ordering. In particular, we show that the hit-and-run and the simple slice sampler are more efficient than a hybrid slice sampler based on hit-and-run which, itself, is more efficient than a (lazy) random walk Metropolis algorithm.
description: 18 pages, Accepted for publication by the Applied Probability Trust (http://www.appliedprobability.org) in J. Appl. Prob
Dopamine boosts intention and action awareness in Parkinson’s disease
Creators: name: Di Costa, Steven
name: Barow, Ewgenia
name: Hidding, Ute
name: Mainka, Tina
name: Pötter-Nerger, Monika
name: Buhmann, Carsten
name: Moll, Christian K. E.
name: Haggard, Patrick
name: Ganos, Christos
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Parkinson’s disease
subject: Intention awareness
subject: Action awareness
subject: Dopamine
subject: Libet
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Dopaminergic deficiency in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been associated with underactivation of the supplementary motor area and a reduction of voluntary actions. In these patients, awareness of intention to act has been shown to be delayed. However, delayed awareness of intention to act has also been shown in patients with hyperdopaminergic states and an excess of unwilled movements, as in Tourette’s, and in patients with functional movement disorders. Hence, the role of dopamine in the awareness of intention and action remains unclear. 36 PD patients were tested ON and OFF dopaminergic medication and compared with 35 healthy age-matched controls. In addition, 17 PD patients with subthalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) were tested ON medication and ON and OFF stimulation. Participants judged either the moment a self-generated action was performed, or the moment the urge to perform the action was felt, using the “Libet method”. Temporal judgments of intention and action awareness were comparable between unmedicated PD patients and controls. Dopaminergic medication boosted anticipatory awareness of both intentions and actions in PD patients, relative to an unmedicated condition. The difference between ON/OFF DBS was not statistically reliable. Functional improvement of motor ability in PD through dopaminergic supplementation leads to earlier awareness of both intention, and of voluntary action.
(103516) Bessie Nicholas
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
The role of non-invasive devices for the telemonitoring of heart failure patients
Creators: name: Faragli, Alessandro
name: Abawi, Dawud
name: Quinn, C.
name: Cvetkovic, Mina
name: Schlabs, Thomas
name: Tahirovic, E.
name: Düngen, Hans-Dirk
name: Pieske, Burkert
name: Kelle, Sebastian
name: Edelmann, Frank
name: Alogna, Alessio
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Heart failure
subject: Telemonitoring
subject: Non-invasive
subject: Medical devices
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Heart failure (HF) patients represent one of the most prevalent as well as one of the most fragile population encountered in the cardiology and internal medicine departments nowadays. Estimated to account for around 26 million people worldwide, diagnosed patients present a poor prognosis and quality of life with a clinical history accompanied by repeated hospital admissions caused by an exacerbation of their chronic condition. The frequent hospitalizations and the extended hospital stays mean an extremely high economic burden for healthcare institutions. Meanwhile, the number of chronically diseased and elderly patients is continuously rising, and a lack of specialized physicians is evident. To cope with this health emergency, more efficient strategies for patient management, more accurate diagnostic tools, and more efficient preventive plans are needed. In recent years, telemonitoring has been introduced as the potential answer to solve such needs. Different methodologies and devices have been progressively investigated for effective home monitoring of cardiologic patients. Invasive hemodynamic devices, such as CardioMEMS™, have been demonstrated to be reducing hospitalizations and mortality, but their use is however restricted to limited cases. The role of external non-invasive devices for remote patient monitoring, instead, is yet to be clarified. In this review, we summarized the most relevant studies and devices that, by utilizing non-invasive telemonitoring, demonstrated whether beneficial effects in the management of HF patients were effective.
Interaction of hopfions of charge 1 and 2 from product ansatz
Creators: name: Acus, A.
name: Norvaišas, E.
name: Shnir, Ya.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the discussion on the interaction energy of the axially symmetric Hopfions evaluated directly from the product anzsatz. The Hopfions are given by the projection of Skyrme model solutions onto the coset space SU(2)/U(1). Our results show that if the separation between the constituents is not small, the product ansatz can be considered as a good approximation to the general pattern of Hopfions interaction both in repulsive and attractive channel.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures, submitted to EPL. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1401.6355
(103517) Jane Davies
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Einstein's cosmology review of 1933: a new perspective on the Einstein-de Sitter model of the cosmos
Creators: name: O'Raifeartaigh, Cormac
name: O'Keeffe, Michael
name: Nahm, Werner
name: Mitton, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first English translation and analysis of a little-known review of relativistic cosmology written by Albert Einstein in late 1932. The article, which was published in 1933 in a book of Einstein papers translated into French, contains a substantial review of static and dynamic relativistic models of the cosmos, culminating in a discussion of the Einstein-de Sitter model. The article offers a valuable contemporaneous insight into Einstein's cosmology in the 1930s and confirms that his interest lay in the development of the simplest model of the cosmos that could account for observation, rather than an exploration of all possible cosmic models. The article also confirms that Einstein did not believe that simplistic relativistic models could give an accurate description of the early universe.
description: Accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal (H). Includes an English translation of a little-known review of cosmology written by Albert Einstein in 1933. 20 pages, 4 figures
DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO IMPROVE DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALT MIXES INCLUDING HIGH AMOUNTS OF RAP AND RAS
Creators: name: Mivehchi, Maziar
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Asphalt mix design
Cracking
RAP
RAS
Recycled Material
Statistical Analysis

description: Increasing the amount of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) in new asphalt pavements can reduce the pavement cost, as the need for virgin binder would be significantly reduced. Generally, the use of RAP and RAS will increase the mix stiffness, reduce the cracking resistance, but improve the rutting susceptibility. In addition, the inclusion of RAP and RAS further complicates the volumetric adjustment of mix design procedure. Several studies have evaluated the effect of RAP and RAS on the volumetric and performance of asphalt mixes. However, a guidance on how to modify the mix design parameters to improve the volumetric properties and performance of mixes designed with high amounts of RAP and RAS is still needed.This thesis evaluated over 300 mix designs that were designed by contractors for paving jobs, or designed in laboratory on different contractors’ materials, to analyze the effect of various mix design parameters on the cracking, rutting, and volumetric properties of asphalt mixes including high amounts of RAP and RAS. It was found that rejuvenators are ineffective to improve the cracking performance of high RAP/RAS mixes, following the current mix design procedure based on WSDOT specifications. Also, the presence of RAP and RAS was found to adversely affect the cracking performance and improve the rutting resistance, regardless of the amount of RAP and RAS in the mix.
description: In order to effectively develop a mix that contains RAP/RAS, a new method for measuring the surface area of particles inside the mix were proposed, that will allow calculating the film thickness coating the particles. Two regression models were also developed for targeting the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) and air void content, using the preliminary volumetric variables of the mix, without the need of producing the mix. The models were verified with K Fold cross validation technique and were capable of predicting the VMA with around 90% accuracy, and the mix air void content with above 87% accuracy.
On the limiting law of the length of the longest common and increasing subsequences in random words
Creators: name: Breton, Jean-Christophe
name: Houdré, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A05, 60C05, 60F05

description: Let $X=(X_i)_{i\ge 1}$ and $Y=(Y_i)_{i\ge 1}$ be two sequences of independent and identically distributed (iid) random variables taking their values, uniformly, in a common totally ordered finite alphabet. Let LCI$_n$ be the length of the longest common and (weakly) increasing subsequence of $X_1\cdots X_n$ and $Y_1\cdots Y_n$. As $n$ grows without bound, and when properly centered and normalized, LCI$_n$ is shown to converge, in distribution, towards a Brownian functional that we identify.
description: Some corrections from the published version are provided, some typos are also corrected
Providing Healthy Food for Children in Schools in Aotearoa: Factsheet
Creators: name: Bailey, Kylie
name: Hikawai-Goodall, Laura
Publisher: name: AgResearch
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 3002
subject: Agriculture, land and farm management

description: This factsheet is for: local and national policymakers; people involved in food programme policy, development and creation; and food producers. It provides the following guidance on school lunch programmes: Successful meal programmes are a pathway to affordable nutrition. How following healthy eating guidelines reduces meal programme success. Growing affordable food for Aotearoa New Zealand's population.