cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
L´oral dans l´enseignement du français langue étrangère
Creators: name: Duke, Caroline
Year: 2019

description: This Diploma Thesis poses following questions: how can we improve oral competence in French teaching? Are there tools available to analyse interactions in foreign language teaching? How can we use them? After having presented the theoretical aspect of the question, we will outline the benefits of conversational analysis to analyse oral interactions in foreign language teaching. Results of a class recording will then be presented under the perspective of conversational analysis, with the aim of presenting relevant characteristics concerning oral interaction.
description: Diese Diplomarbeit beschäftigt sich mit folgenden Fragen: Wie können wir die mündliche Interaktion im französischen Unterricht verbessern? Verfügen wir über Möglichkeiten, um Interaktionen in dem Fremdsprachenunterricht zu analysieren? Wie können wir diese nutzen? Nach dem theoretischen Teil werden die Vorteile der Konversationsanalyse dargestellt, um mündliche Interaktionen in dem Fremdsprachenunterricht zu analysieren. Ergebnisse aus eine Klassenaufnahme werden dann präsentiert unter der Perspektive der Konversationsanalyse, um relevante Charakteristika der Interaktionen darzustellen.
The particle spectrum of the Tricritical Ising Model with spin reversal symmetric perturbations
Creators: name: Lepori, Luca
name: Mussardo, Giuseppe
name: Toth, Gabor Zs.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the evolution of the particle spectrum of the Tricritical Ising Model by varying the couplings of the energy and vacancy density fields. The particle content changes from the spectrum of a supersymmetric theory (either of an exact or a spontaneously broken supersymmetric theory) to the spectrum of seven particles related to the underlying E_7 structure. In the low temperature phase some of these excitations are topologically charged particles that are stable under an arbitrary variation of the parameters. The high and low temperature phases of the model are related by duality. In some regions of the two couplings there are also present false vacua and sequences of bound states. In order to study the non-integrable features of this model we employ the Form Factor Perturbation Theory and the Truncated Conformal Space Approach.
description: 34 pages, 14 figures, text misprints corrected
Was wünschen sich Schülerinnen und Schüler vom Mathematikunterricht?
Creators: name: Keckeis, Isabell
Year: 2019

description: Diese Masterarbeit setzt sich mit dem Thema „gendersensibler Mathematikunterricht“ auseinander und nähert sich diesem Thema von verschiedenen Seiten. So werden Ergebnisse von Leistungsstudien sowie von anderen Studien präsentiert, welche Geschlechtsunterschiede im Unterrichtsfach Mathematik aufzeigen. Es wird den Fragen nachgegangen, warum es diese Unterschiede zwischen Mädchen und Buben gibt, welche Auswirkungen diese Geschlechtsunterschiede haben und wie ein Mathematikunterricht gestaltet werden kann, um diese Differenzen abzubauen. Dafür werden unterschiedliche Modellansätze aus der gendersensiblen Pädagogik vorgestellt und analysiert. Des Weiteren werden verschiedene Aspekte eines gendersensiblen Mathematikunterrichts beleuchtet. Ziel des gendersensiblen Mathematikunterrichts ist es, einen Beitrag für eine gendergerechte Gesellschaft zu leisten und dem Vorurteil „Mathematik ist eine männliche Domäne“ entgegenzuwirken. Im empirischen Teil dieser Arbeit habe ich mich mit den Wünschen der Schülerinnen und Schüler in Bezug auf den Mathematikunterricht auseinandergesetzt. Dafür führte ich eine Fragebogenstudie an einer Wiener NMS mit fünf Klassen der 7. und 8. Schulstufe durch. Durch die Ergebnisse der Studie gelang es mir, Rückschlüsse auf einen Unterricht zu ziehen, welcher für beide Geschlechter gerecht sein kann.
Experimental study of charging of dust grains in presence of energetic electrons
Creators: name: Paul, R.
name: Sharma, G.
name: Deka, K.
name: Kausik, S. S.
name: Saikia, B. K.
name: Adhikari, S.
name: Moulick, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: J.2

description: The role of hot electrons in charging of dust grains is investigated in a two-temperature hydrogen plasma. A variety of dust particles are introduced into the system and secondary electron emission (SEE) from each of the dust grains has been reported. A cylindrical Langmuir probe is used for determining the plasma parameters and a Faraday cup is connected to an electrometer in order to measure the dust current. The electrometer readings confirm the electron emission from the dust and SEE is observed from the tungsten dust in a low-pressure experimental plasma device for the first time.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
Unitary Spherical Super-Landau Models
Creators: name: Beylin, Andrey
name: Curtright, Thomas L.
name: Ivanov, Evgeny
name: Mezincescu, Luca
name: Townsend, Paul K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Hilbert space metric is found for the SU(2|1)-invariant `superflag' Landau models, parametrized by integer 2N' and real number M, such that the Hilbert space norm is positive definite. The spectrum of these unitary super-Landau models is determined. The M=0 case yields a unitary Landau model on the supersphere SU(2|1)/U(1|1) with U(1) charge 2N=2N'+1. For the generic unitary superflag model, the manifest SU(2|1) symmetry is dynamically enhanced to SU(2|2); this is the `spherical' analog of the hidden worldline supersymmetry found previously in the planar limit.
description: 51 pages. Minor changes. Some new references
Aeroelastic stability of structures: flutter analysis using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Creators: name: Patruno, Luca <1986>
Publisher: name: Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna
Year: 2014
Subjects: ICAR/08 Scienza delle costruzioni

description: Thanks to the increasing slenderness and lightness allowed by new construction techniques and materials, the effects of wind on structures became in the last decades a research field of great importance in Civil Engineering.
Thanks to the advances in computers power, the numerical simulation of wind tunnel tests has became a valid complementary activity and an attractive alternative for the future.
Due to its flexibility, during the last years, the computational approach gained importance with respect to the traditional experimental investigation. However, still today, the computational approach to fluid-structure interaction problems is not as widely adopted as it could be expected. The main reason for this lies in the difficulties encountered in the numerical simulation of the turbulent, unsteady flow conditions generally encountered around bluff bodies.
This thesis aims at providing a guide to the numerical simulation of bridge deck aerodynamic and aeroelastic behaviour describing in detail the simulation strategies and setting guidelines useful for the interpretation of the results.
Die KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen - Ort kollektiver Erinnerung?
Creators: name: Grünewald, Sophie
Year: 2019

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit hat zum Ziel, die im Museum der KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen vermittelten Geschichtsnarrative zu untersuchen. Aufgrund ihrer zentralen Schlüsselrolle im österreichischen Erinnerungsdiskurs bildet die KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen als historischer Ort einen relevanten Untersuchungsgegenstand. Seit der Eröffnung des Museums im Jahr 1970 wurden mehrere Ausstellungen in der Gedenkstätte gezeigt; die aktuelle Dauerausstellung „Das Konzentrationslager Mauthausen 1938-1945“ besteht seit 2013. Die Arbeit ist von der Annahme geleitet, dass soziale Rahmenbedingungen zu einer sich stetig verändernden Perspektive auf die Vergangenheit führen. Eine objektive Darstellung von Geschichte ist damit nicht möglich; viel eher kommen in ihrer Darstellung Verschränkungen von Gegenwarts- und Vergangenheitsperspektive zum Ausdruck. Die theoretische Grundlage der Arbeit bildet die Darstellung relevanter gedächtnistheoretischer Ansätze. Vor dem Hintergrund des wachsenden Zeitabstandes richten sich zahlreiche Anforderungen an KZ-Gedenkstätten als historische Orte. Auch diese werden im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit ausführlich besprochen. Für die methodische Untersuchung der Ausstellungen wurden drei ausgewählte Informationsbroschüren sowie der aktuelle Ausstellungskatalog als Datenmaterial herangezogen. Anhand ihrer Untersuchung, die sich an der Kritischen Diskursanalyse (KDA) nach Sigfried Jäger orientiert, wird der österreichische Erinnerungsdiskurs nachgezeichnet. Die Untersuchung des Materials zeigt eine deutliche Veränderung der vermittelten Inhalte, die im engen Zusammenhang mit dem Wandel des österreichischen Opfermythos steht. Die dominante nationale Perspektive auf die Ausstellungsinhalte, die vor allem den österreichischen Widerstand betont, wurde durch eine europäische Perspektive ersetzt. Statt einer linearen Betrachtung der Geschichte des Nationalsozialismus wird diese als komplexen Sachverhalt mit nachhaltigen Folgen präsentiert. Bedeutende Änderungen sind auch hinsichtlich der Aufarbeitung eines österreichischen Mitwirkens am Nationalsozialismus festzustellen.
Roadmap on Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Creators: name: Budakian, Raffi
name: Finkler, Amit
name: Eichler, Alexander
name: Poggio, Martino
name: Degen, Christian L.
name: Tabatabaei, Sahand
name: Lee, Inhee
name: Hammel, P. Chris
name: Polzik, Eugene S.
name: Taminiau, Tim H.
name: Walsworth, Ronald L.
name: London, Paz
name: Jayich, Ania Bleszynski
name: Ajoy, Ashok
name: Pillai, Arjun
name: Wrachtrup, Jörg
name: Jelezko, Fedor
name: Bae, Yujeong
name: Heinrich, Andreas J.
name: Ast, Christian R.
name: Bertet, Patrice
name: Cappellaro, Paola
name: Bonato, Cristian
name: Altmann, Yoann
name: Gauger, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field of nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (NanoMRI) was started 30 years ago. It was motivated by the desire to image single molecules and molecular assemblies, such as proteins and virus particles, with near-atomic spatial resolution and on a length scale of 100 nm. Over the years, the NanoMRI field has also expanded to include the goal of useful high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of molecules under ambient conditions, including samples up to the micron-scale. The realization of these goals requires the development of spin detection techniques that are many orders of magnitude more sensitive than conventional NMR and MRI, capable of detecting and controlling nanoscale ensembles of spins. Over the years, a number of different technical approaches to NanoMRI have emerged, each possessing a distinct set of capabilities for basic and applied areas of science. The goal of this roadmap article is to report the current state of the art in NanoMRI technologies, outline the areas where they are poised to have impact, identify the challenges that lie ahead, and propose methods to meet these challenges. This roadmap also shows how developments in NanoMRI techniques can lead to breakthroughs in emerging quantum science and technology applications.
Tuning Channel Access to Enable Real-Time Applications in Wi-Fi 7
Creators: name: Bankov, Dmitry
name: Chemrov, Kirill
name: Khorov, Evgeny
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-Time Applications (RTA) are among the most important use cases for future Wi-Fi 7, defined by the IEEE 802.11be standard. This paper studies two backward-compatible channel access approaches to satisfy the strict quality of service (QoS) requirements of RTA on the transmission latency and packet loss rate that have been considered in the 802.11be Task Group. The first approach is based on limiting the transmission duration of non-RTA frames in the network. The second approach is based on preliminary channel access to ensure the timely delivery of RTA frames. With the developed mathematical model of these approaches, it is shown that both of them can satisfy the RTA QoS requirements. At the same time, the preliminary channel access provides up to 60% higher efficiency of the channel usage by the non-RTA traffic in scenarios with very strict RTA QoS requirements or with low intensity of the RTA traffic.
High pressure study on LaFeAsO with different Tc
Creators: name: Yi, Wei
name: Zhang, Chao
name: Sun, Liling
name: Ren, Zhi-an
name: Lu, Wei
name: Dong, Xiaoli
name: Li, Zhengcai
name: Che, Guangcan
name: Yang, Jie
name: Shen, Xiaoli
name: Dai, Xi
name: Fang, Zhong
name: Zhou, Fang
name: Zhao, Zhongxian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report studies on pressure dependence of superconducting transition temperature (Tc) of LaFeAsO, LaFeAs(O0.5F0.5) and LaFeAs(O0.89F0.11) samples. In-situ resistance measurements under high pressure showed that the Tc of these three compounds increases with pressure initially, reaches a maximum value and then decreases with further increasing pressure, although the Tc at ambient pressure are different. The onset Tc of LaFeAsO is ~50 K at 1.5 GPa, which is the highest record in La-based oxypnicited system. The significant change in Tc induced by pressure is attributed to the orbital degeneracy and the electron density of state at the Fermi level.
description: 13 pages, 4 figures
Spatial-Temporal Transformer for 3D Point Cloud Sequences
Creators: name: Wei, Yimin
name: Liu, Hao
name: Xie, Tingting
name: Ke, Qiuhong
name: Guo, Yulan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Effective learning of spatial-temporal information within a point cloud sequence is highly important for many down-stream tasks such as 4D semantic segmentation and 3D action recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel framework named Point Spatial-Temporal Transformer (PST2) to learn spatial-temporal representations from dynamic 3D point cloud sequences. Our PST2 consists of two major modules: a Spatio-Temporal Self-Attention (STSA) module and a Resolution Embedding (RE) module. Our STSA module is introduced to capture the spatial-temporal context information across adjacent frames, while the RE module is proposed to aggregate features across neighbors to enhance the resolution of feature maps. We test the effectiveness our PST2 with two different tasks on point cloud sequences, i.e., 4D semantic segmentation and 3D action recognition. Extensive experiments on three benchmarks show that our PST2 outperforms existing methods on all datasets. The effectiveness of our STSA and RE modules have also been justified with ablation experiments.
Anisotropic swelling due to hydration constrains anisotropic elasticity in biomaterial fibers
Creators: name: Gouws, Xander A.
name: Mastnak, Ana
name: Kreplak, Laurent
name: Rutenberg, Andrew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Naturally occurring protein fibers often undergo anisotropic swelling when hydrated. Within a tendon, a hydrated collagen fibril's radius expands by 40% but its length only increases by 5%. The same effect, with a similar relative magnitude, is observed for single hair shafts. Fiber hydration is known to affect elastic properties. Here we show that anisotropic swelling constrains the anisotropic linear elastic properties of fibers. First we show, using data from disparate previously reported studies, that anisotropic swelling can be described as an approximately linear function of water content. Then, under the observation that the elastic energy of swelling can be minimized by the anisotropic shape, we relate swelling anisotropy to elastic anisotropy -- assuming radial (transverse) symmetry within a cylindrical geometry. We find an upper bound for the commonly measured axial Poisson ratio $ν_{zx}<1/2$. This is significantly below recently estimated values for collagen fibrils extracted from tissue-level measurements, but is consistent with both single hair shaft and single collagen fibril mechanical and hydration studies. Using $ν_{zx}$, we can then constrain the product $γ\equiv (1-ν_{xy}) E_z/E_x$ -- where $ν_{xy}$ is the seldom measured transverse Poisson ratio and $E_z/E_x$ is the ratio of axial to radial Young's moduli.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures. To be published in Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials
Resource Allocation Strategies for Real-Time Applications in Wi-Fi 7
Creators: name: Avdotin, Evgeny
name: Bankov, Dmitry
name: Khorov, Evgeny
name: Lyakhov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In 2019 IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee started the development of the next major amendment of the Wi-Fi standard: the IEEE 802.11be, also known as Wi-Fi 7. This new amendment will introduce many new functions and will improve the existing ones that will make Wi-Fi more efficient in many new scenarios. One of the scenarios is the service of Real-Time Applications with strict requirements on latency and reliability of communications. Providing low latencies can be challenging in Wi-Fi because of the unlicensed spectrum and related interference from neighboring devices. In this paper, we consider the usage of OFDMA transmissions for Real-Time Applications and design resource allocation algorithms that can provide the required latency and reliability in the presence of interference.
Long Range Correlations and the Soft Ridge in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
Creators: name: Gavin, Sean
name: McLerran, Larry
name: Moschelli, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider experiments exhibit correlations peaked in relative azimuthal angle and extended in rapidity. Called the ridge, this peak occurs both with and without a jet trigger. We argue that the untriggered ridge arises when particles formed by flux tubes in an early glasma stage later manifest transverse flow. Combining a blast wave model of flow fixed by single-particle spectra with a simple description of the glasma, we find excellent agreement with current data.
description: revised text, results unchanged
Doping evoluton of antiferromagnetic order and structural distortion in LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_x$
Creators: name: Huang, Q.
name: Zhao, Jun
name: Lynn, J. W.
name: Chen, G. F.
name: Luo, J. L.
name: Wang, N. L.
name: Dai, Pengcheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use neutron scattering to study the structural distortion and antiferromagnetic (AFM) order in LaFeAsO$_{1-x}$F$_{x}$ as the system is doped with fluorine (F) to induce superconductivity. In the undoped state, LaFeAsO exhibits a structural distortion, changing the symmetry from tetragonal (space group $P4/nmm$) to orthorhombic (space group $Cmma$) at 155 K, and then followed by an AFM order at 137 K. Doping the system with F gradually decreases the structural distortion temperature, but suppresses the long range AFM order before the emergence of superconductivity. Therefore, while superconductivity in these Fe oxypnictides can survive in either the tetragonal or the orthorhombic crystal structure, it competes directly with static AFM order.
description: reference updated
Spin effects in single electron tunneling
Creators: name: Barnas, J.
name: Weymann, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An important consequence of the discovery of giant magnetoresistance in metallic magnetic multilayers is a broad interest in spin dependent effects in electronic transport through magnetic nanostructures. An example of such systems are tunnel junctions -- single-barrier planar junctions or more complex ones. In this review we present and discuss recent theoretical results on electron and spin transport through ferromagnetic mesoscopic junctions including two or more barriers. Such systems are also called ferromagnetic single-electron transistors. We start from the situation when the central part of a device has the form of a magnetic (or nonmagnetic) metallic nanoparticle. Transport characteristics reveal then single-electron charging effects, including the Coulomb staircase, Coulomb blockade, and Coulomb oscillations. Single-electron ferromagnetic transistors based on semiconductor quantum dots and large molecules (especially carbon nanotubes) are also considered. The main emphasis is placed on the spin effects due to spin-dependent tunnelling through the barriers, which gives rise to spin accumulation and tunnel magnetoresistance. Spin effects also occur in the current-voltage characteristics, (differential) conductance, shot noise, and others. Transport characteristics in the two limiting situations of weak and strong coupling are of particular interest. In the former case we distinguish between the sequential tunnelling and cotunneling regimes. In the strong coupling regime we concentrate on the Kondo phenomenon, which in the case of transport through quantum dots or molecules leads to an enhanced conductance and to a pronounced zero-bias Kondo peak in the differential conductance.
description: topical review (36 figures, 65 pages), to be published in J. Phys.: Condens. Matter
Coherent exciton-exciton interactions and exciton dynamics in a MoSe\textsubscript{2}/WSe\textsubscript{2} heterostructure
Creators: name: Purz, Torben L.
name: Martin, Eric W.
name: Rivera, Pasqual
name: Holtzmann, William G.
name: Xu, Xiaodong
name: Cundiff, Steven T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent coupling between excitons is at the heart of many-body interactions with transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterostructures as an emergent platform for the investigation of these interactions. We employ multi-dimensional coherent spectroscopy on monolayer MoSe\textsubscript{2}/WSe\textsubscript{2} heterostructures and observe coherent coupling between excitons spatially localized in monolayer MoSe$_2$ and WSe$_2$. Through many-body spectroscopy, we further observe the absorption state arising from free interlayer electron-hole pairs. This observation yields a spectroscopic measurement of the interlayer exciton binding energy of about 250 meV.
Nanoscale magnetism and magnetic phase transitions in atomically thin CrSBr
Creators: name: Tschudin, Märta A.
name: Broadway, David A.
name: Reiser, Patrick
name: Schrader, Carolin
name: Telford, Evan J.
name: Gross, Boris
name: Cox, Jordan
name: Dubois, Adrien E. E.
name: Chica, Daniel G.
name: Rama-Eiroa, Ricardo
name: Santos, Elton J. G.
name: Poggio, Martino
name: Ziebel, Michael E.
name: Dean, Cory R.
name: Roy, Xavier
name: Maletinsky, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since their first observation in 2017, atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) magnets have attracted significant fundamental, and application-driven attention. However, their low ordering temperatures, $T_c$, sensitivity to atmospheric conditions and difficulties in preparing clean large-area samples still present major limitations to further progress. The remarkably stable high-$T_c$ vdW magnet CrSBr has the potential to overcome these key shortcomings, but its nanoscale properties and rich magnetic phase diagram remain poorly understood. Here we use single spin magnetometry to quantitatively characterise saturation magnetization, magnetic anisotropy constants, and magnetic phase transitions in few-layer CrSBr by direct magnetic imaging. We show pristine magnetic phases, devoid of defects on micron length-scales, and demonstrate remarkable air-stability down the monolayer limit. We address the spin-flip transition in bilayer CrSBr by direct imaging of the emerging antiferromagnetic (AFM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phase wall and elucidate the magnetic properties of CrSBr around its ordering temperature. Our work will enable the engineering of exotic electronic and magnetic phases in CrSBr and the realisation of novel nanomagnetic devices based on this highly promising vdW magnet.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures, plus supplementary material. Questions and comments are welcome
Decision making process
Creators: name: Shirichena, Arthur
Year: 2019

description: As the new Zimbabwean government proclaims new dispensation and seeks re-engagement with the Western Countries after more than a decade of strained relations, this study will engage in a foreign policy analysis of Zimbabwe’s foreign policy with particular focus to decision making process. The study will seek to explain why the Robert Mugabe government took the decision to exit the Commonwealth. Various logics of action such as logic of consequences, logic of appropriateness and logic of practise among others will be tested in order to determine which logic of action best explains the decision making process. Process tracing method will be used to provide a chronological account of the events as they unfolded and an analysis of the decision making process. The study suggests / concludes that Mugabe government was influenced by the logic of consequences ie cost benefit analysis in its decision making process The study is intended to provide an insight to other States on foreign policy decision making process in Zimbabwe
description: Nachdem die Regierung Zimbabwes neuerdings beschlossen hat, nach mehr als einem Jahrzehnt von Spannungen, endgültig die Befreiung zu proklamieren und eine Wiederaufnahme der Beziehungen mit den westlichen Staaten anzustreben, wird in dieser Arbeit die Außenpolitik Zimbabwes mit besonderen Fokus auf den dortigen politischen Entscheidungsprozess näher analysiert. In dieser Arbeit wird ferner thematisiert werden, warum die Regierung unter Robert Mugabe die Entscheidung traf, das Commonwealth zu verlassen. Die Arbeit hat die Absicht auch anderen Staaten einen Einblick in den Entscheidungsprozess im Rahmen der Außenpolitik von Zimbabwe zu bieten.
Entropy Limit and the Cold Feedback Mechanism in Cooling Flow Clusters
Creators: name: Soker, Noam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I propose an explanation to the finding that star formation and visible filaments strong in Halpha emission in cooling flow clusters occur only if the minimum specific entropy and the radiative cooling time of the intracluster medium (ICM), are below a specific threshold. The explanation is based on the cold feedback mechanism. In this mechanism the mass accreted by the central black hole originates in non-linear over-dense blobs of gas residing in an extended region of the cooling flow region. I use the criterion that the feedback cycle period must be longer than the radiative cooling time of dense blobs for large quantities of gas to cool to low temperature. The falling time of the dense blobs is parameterized by the ratio of the infall velocity to the sound speed. Another parameter is the ratio of the blobs' density to that of the surrounding ICM. By taking the values of the parameters as in previous papers on the cold feedback model, I derive an expression that gives the right value of the entropy threshold. Future studies will have to examine in more detail the role of these parameters, and to show that the observed sharp change in the behavior of clusters across the entropy, or radiative cooling time, threshold can be reproduced by the model.
description: Accepted by ApJ Letters
The von Neumann extension theory for abstract Friedrichs operators
Creators: name: Erceg, Marko
name: Soni, Sandeep Kumar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35F45, 46C20, 47B25, 47B28

description: The theory of abstract Friedrichs operators was introduced some fifteen years ago with the aim of providing a more comprehensive framework for the study of positive symmetric systems of first-order partial differential equations, nowadays better known as (classical) Friedrichs systems. Since then, the theory has not only been frequently applied in numerical and analytical research of Friedrichs systems, but has continued to evolve as well. In this paper, we provide an explicit characterisation and a classification of abstract Friedrichs operators. More precisely, we show that every abstract Friedrichs operator can be written as the sum of a skew-symmetric operator and a bounded self-adjoint strictly positive operator. Furthermore, we develop a classification of realisations of abstract Friedrichs operators in the spirit of the von Neumann extension theory, which, when applied to the symmetric case, extends the classical theory.
description: To appear in Zeitschrift f\"ur Analysis und ihre Anwendungen
Is the healthy = tasty intuition affected by reactance?
Creators: name: Maier, Alexandra
Year: 2019

description: Researchers found out that consumers tend to prefer unhealthy food and rate it to be tastier than healthy food. This heuristic is referred to as the unhealthy = tasty intuition (UTI) (Raghunathan, Walker Naylor & Hoyer, 2006). However, another team of researchers found evidence for the opposite heuristic: Participants rated food products according to a healthy = tasty intuition (HTI), meaning that they associated health positively with taste (Werle, Trendel, Ardito, Mallard & Nat, 2013). These contrary results lead to the question, under which circumstances the positive relation between health and taste changes into the negative direction of an UTI. The aim of this study was to examine whether reactance affects the correlation between expected health and taste. Undergraduates of psychology were randomly assigned to the experimental condition (vs. control condition), in which a high-controlling health message (vs. a neutral message) was shown to induce reactance (e.g., Dillard & Shen, 2005). Afterwards, all participants judged the expected healthiness and tastiness of pictures of meals, which were labelled with one of three logos of different supermarket chains. These labels implicitly indicated the healthiness of the meal. I found a positive correlation between health and taste, but the reactance manipulation did not lead to the expected effect on this correlation.
description: Forscher fanden heraus, dass Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten dazu tendieren, ungesunde Speisen gesunden Speisen vorzuziehen und diese als leckerer zu bewerten. Diese Heuristik wird Unhealthy = Tasty Intuition (UTI) genannt (Raghunathan, Walker Naylor & Hoyer, 2006). Ein anderes Forscherteam hat jedoch herausgefunden, dass es eine gegenteilige Heuristik gibt: Die Studienteilnehmerinnen und –teilnehmer bewerteten die Lebensmittel anhand einer Healthy = Tasty Intuition (HTI), was bedeutet, dass sie Gesundheit positiv mit Geschmack assoziierten (Werle, Trendel, Ardito, Mallard & Nat, 2013). Diese sich widersprechenden Ergebnisse werfen die Frage auf, unter welchen Umständen der positive Zusammenhang zwischen Gesundheit und Geschmack geschwächt oder sogar zu einem negativen Zusammenhang wird. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es zu untersuchen, ob Reaktanz die Korrelation von Gesundheit und Geschmack beeinflusst. Psychologiestudierende wurden zufällig der Experimentalgruppe (vs. Kontrollgruppe) zugeteilt, welcher eine sehr bestimmende (vs. neutrale) Gesundheitsbotschaft gezeigt wurde, um Reaktanz zu erzeugen (Dillard & Shen, 2005). Danach bewerteten alle Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer die erwartete Gesundheit und den erwarteten Geschmack von abgebildeten Speisen, welche mit einem von drei Logos von Supermarktketten versehen waren. Diese Logos sollten die Gesundheit der Speise auf implizite Weise darstellen. Ich konnte einen positiven Zusammenhang zwischen Gesundheit und Geschmack finden, jedoch führte die Reaktanzmanipulation nicht zum erwarteten Effekt auf jenen Zusammenhang.
Social, Legal, Ethical, Empathetic, and Cultural Rules: Compilation and Reasoning (Extended Version)
Creators: name: Troquard, Nicolas
name: De Sanctis, Martina
name: Inverardi, Paola
name: Pelliccione, Patrizio
name: Scoccia, Gian Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The rise of AI-based and autonomous systems is raising concerns and apprehension due to potential negative repercussions stemming from their behavior or decisions. These systems must be designed to comply with the human contexts in which they will operate. To this extent, Townsend et al. (2022) introduce the concept of SLEEC (social, legal, ethical, empathetic, or cultural) rules that aim to facilitate the formulation, verification, and enforcement of the rules AI-based and autonomous systems should obey. They lay out a methodology to elicit them and to let philosophers, lawyers, domain experts, and others to formulate them in natural language. To enable their effective use in AI systems, it is necessary to translate these rules systematically into a formal language that supports automated reasoning. In this study, we first conduct a linguistic analysis of the SLEEC rules pattern, which justifies the translation of SLEEC rules into classical logic. Then we investigate the computational complexity of reasoning about SLEEC rules and show how logical programming frameworks can be employed to implement SLEEC rules in practical scenarios. The result is a readily applicable strategy for implementing AI systems that conform to norms expressed as SLEEC rules.
description: In proceedings of the 38th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Zu den Anfängen der Geschichte der russinischen Sprache in Nordamerika bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg
Creators: name: Toska, Ermir
Year: 2019

description: Those East Slavs of the Habsburg monarchy who called themselves “Rusyns” (derived from “русины”), considered North America as the land of “opportunities and a better life”. From the 1870s until 1914, about 265 000 Rusyns left their homes in the Hungarian counties such as Szepes, Sáros, Zemplén, Ung, Bereg, etc., and in the Lemko-towns of Galicia such as Nowy Sącz, Grybów, Gorlice, etc., to build their future life by starting to work in the coal mines in eastern Pennsylvania – near Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, and other small towns. The organization of the Rusyn immigrants’ lives was mainly influenced by their own churches and the brotherhoods, which reflected strong nationalist orientations, adhering to pro-Hungarian, pro-Ukrainian, or pro-Russian views. The brotherhoods paid special attention to publishing activities. The newspapers, which served as their official organs, were mainly characterized by conservative language, as reflected, for instance, by the usage of an etymological orthography. However, tendencies to a phonetic orthography were strongly evident in the printing medium of Руський народний союзъ – Свобода, which in the course of time started to apply Jevhen Želechivs’kyj’s orthographic system that characterized the Ukrainian language of Galicia and was held there from 1893 till 1922 as the official orthography. In comparison to Свобода, the newspaper Американскій Русскій Вѣстникъ – the official organ of one of the most important Rusyn brotherhoods Соединеніе греко-каѳолических русскихъ братствъ – continuously preserved the conservative character of its language, building on Church Slavonic and Russian language traditions. Notwithstanding the nationalist ideology of the various brotherhoods, their official printing media such as Америка, Свѣтъ, Правда, along with Свобода, and Американскій Русскій Вѣстникъ, did mirror in their writings vernacular elements, too, all of which originated in the southwest Ukrainian dialects.
description: nicht angegeben
A comparative analysis of corporatism in Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy
Creators: name: Kardam, Nukhet
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: This study is a comparative analysis of corporatism as expressed by the National Socialist Party in Germany in its 1920 Program and of Italian corporatism as formulated by the Fascist government in the mid-1920's. The main question of the study is: Why did the National Socialist Party discard the corporatist proposals in its 1920 Program, while corporatism in Italy became an important facet of the Fascist state ideology? In the first chapter, the corporatist proposals of the NSDAP are examined, stressing the following problems: Why were corporatist proposals included in the 1920 Program? To what extent were they implemented? If they were not implemented, why not? In the second chapter, the same issues are examined, this time in the context of Italian corporatism. The last chapter is devoted to a comparative analysis of German and Italian corporatism. On the basis of the analysis and evidence provided, I suggest that Fascist corporatism served as a unifying myth to create the illusion that both class conflict and national economic poverty had been overcome. At the same time, this ideology integrated the working class into corporations which were designed and controlled by the state. In contrast, the corporatist proposals of the 1920 NSDAP Program contradicted the goals of the German state because the regressive, Utopian corporatist proposals of the early Party Program did not serve the goals of the Nazi state which were rearmament and external power.
Learning offline: memory replay in biological and artificial reinforcement learning
Creators: name: Roscow, Emma L.
name: Chua, Raymond
name: Costa, Rui Ponte
name: Jones, Matt W.
name: Lepora, Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Learning to act in an environment to maximise rewards is among the brain's key functions. This process has often been conceptualised within the framework of reinforcement learning, which has also gained prominence in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) as a way to optimise decision-making. A common aspect of both biological and machine reinforcement learning is the reactivation of previously experienced episodes, referred to as replay. Replay is important for memory consolidation in biological neural networks, and is key to stabilising learning in deep neural networks. Here, we review recent developments concerning the functional roles of replay in the fields of neuroscience and AI. Complementary progress suggests how replay might support learning processes, including generalisation and continual learning, affording opportunities to transfer knowledge across the two fields to advance the understanding of biological and artificial learning and memory.
description: In press at Trends in Neurosciences
Are Y(4260) and {\rm Z$_2^{+}$(4250)} ${\rm D_1D}$ or ${\rm D_0D^{*}}$ Hadronic Molecules?
Creators: name: Ding, Gui-Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we have investigated whether Y(4260) and ${\rm Z^{+}_2(4250)}$ could be ${\rm D_1D}$ or ${\rm D_0D^{*}}$ molecules in the framework of meson exchange model. The off-diagonal interaction induced by $π$ exchange plays a dominant role. The $σ$ exchange has been taken into account, which leads to diagonal interaction. The contribution of $σ$ exchange is not favorable to the formation of molecular state ${\rm with I^{G}(J^{PC})=0^{-}(1^{--})}$, however, it is beneficial to the binding of molecule ${\rm with I^{G}(J^{P})=1^{-}(1^{-})}$. Light vector meson exchange leads to diagonal interaction as well. For ${\rm Z^{+}_2(4250)}$, the contribution from $ρ$ and $ω$ exchange almost cancels each other. For the currently allowed values of the effective coupling constants and a reasonable cutoff $Λ$ in the range 1-2 GeV, We find that Y(4260) could be accommodated as a ${\rm D_1D}$ and ${\rm D_0D^{*}}$ molecule, whereas the interpretation of ${\rm Z^{+}_2(4250)}$ as a ${\rm D_1D}$ or ${\rm D_0D^{*}}$ molecule is disfavored. The bottom analog of Y(4260) and ${\rm Z^{+}_2(4250)}$ may exist, and the most promising channels to discovery them are $π^{+}π^{-}Υ$ and $π^{+}χ_{b1}$ respectively.
description: 21 pages, 3 figures and 7 tables
Das Verhältnis von Ungleichheit und Wirtschaftswachstum und die ‚Twin Goals‘ der Weltbank
Creators: name: Krennmair, Patrick
Year: 2019

description: Die Weltbank hat ihr primäres Ziel der Reduktion extremer Armut bis 2030 reformuliert. Durch die Einführung eines zusätzlichen Ziels wird angenommen, dass neben dem Wirtschaftswachstum auch Verteilungsaspekte wirtschaftspolitisch berücksichtigt werden. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Wirtschaftswachstum, Ungleichheit und Armut ist jedoch in der ökonomischen Theorie nicht restlos geklärt. Modernisierungstheorien setzen die Bedeutung von Wirtschaftswachstum für die Entwicklung voraus und haben die implizite Annahme, dass sich die Effekte des Wachstums in langer Sicht effizient verteilen. Dem gegenüber stehen moderne empirische Untersuchungen, die zeigen, dass die Verteilung von Vermögen und Einkommen, keineswegs zweitrangige Probleme für die globale Entwicklungs- und Wirtschaftspolitik sind (vgl. Atkinson & Piketty 2010; Piketty 2014). Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit dem Versuch der Weltbank die Ziele ökonomischen Wachstums und verteilungspolitischer Aspekte in ihren twin goals zu vereinen. Besonders wird der zugrundeliegende Zusammenhang zwischen Wirtschaftswachstum und Ungleichheit betrachtet. Die Weltbank bezieht sich für diesen unter anderem auf die Arbeit von van der Weide & Milanovic (2014). Dieser postulierte Zusammenhang wird mit Einkommensdaten aus Südafrika, einem der ungleichsten Ländern der Erde, empirisch überprüft. Somit stellt diese Arbeit eine kritische Analyse einer breiten wirtschaftspolitischen Agenda dar. Darüber hinaus wird eine Hypothese an einem Land, das potentiell armuts- und verteilungspolitische Politiken erfährt, empirisch überprüft und Konsequenzen aus diesem Vergleich werden diskutiert.
Chiral phonons in honeycomb sublattice of layered CoSn-like compounds
Creators: name: Ptok, Andrzej
name: Kobiałka, Aksel
name: Sternik, Małgorzata
name: Łażewski, Jan
name: Jochym, Paweł T.
name: Oleś, Andrzej M.
name: Stankov, Svetoslav
name: Piekarz, Przemysław
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hexagonal and kagome lattices exhibit extraordinary electronic properties. It is a natural consequence of additional discrete degree of freedom associated with a valley or the occurence of electronic flat-bands. Combination of both types of lattices, observed in CoSn-like compounds, leads not only to the topological electronic behavior, but also to the emergence of chiral phonon modes. Here, we study CoSn-like compounds in the context of realization of chiral phonons. Previous theoretical studies demonstrated that the chiral phonons can be found in ideal two-dimensional hexagonal or kagome lattices. However, it turns out that in the case of CoSn-like systems with the $P6/mmm$ symmetry, the kagome lattice formed by $d$-block element is decorated by the additional $p$-block atom. This results in a two dimensional triangular lattice of atoms with non-equal masses and the absence of chiral phonons in the kagome plane. Contrary to this, the interlayer hexagonal lattice of $p$-block atoms is preserved and allows for the realization of chiral phonons. We discuss properties of these chiral phonons in seven CoSn-like compounds and demonstrate that they do not depend on atomic mass ratio or the presence of intrinsic magnetic order. The chiral phonons of $d$-block atoms can be restored by removing the inversion symmetry. The latter is possible in the crystal structure of CoGe and RhPb with the reduced symmetry ($P\bar{6}2m$) and distorted-kagome-like lattice.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures
Quantum field theories of relativistic Luttinger fermions
Creators: name: Gies, Holger
name: Heinzel, Philip
name: Laufkötter, Johannes
name: Picciau, Marta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose relativistic Luttinger fermions as a new ingredient for the construction of fundamental quantum field theories. We construct the corresponding Clifford algebra and the spin metric for relativistic invariance of the action using the spin-base invariant formalism. The corresponding minimal spinor has 32 complex components, matching with the degrees of freedom of a standard-model generation including a right-handed neutrino. The resulting fermion fields exhibit a canonical scaling different from Dirac fermions and thus support the construction of novel relativistic and perturbatively renormalizable, interacting quantum field theories. In particular, new asymptotically free self-interacting field theories can be constructed, representing first examples of high-energy complete quantum field theories based on pure matter degrees of freedom. Gauge theories with relativistic Luttinger fermions exhibit a strong paramagnetic dominance, requiring large nonabelian gauge groups to maintain asymptotic freedom. We comment on the possibility to use Luttinger fermions for particle physics model building and the expected naturalness properties of such models.
description: 5+7 pages, 1 figure, v2: additional clarifications, references added, matches version published in Physical Review D
WorldKG: A World-Scale Geographic Knowledge Graph
Creators: name: Dsouza, Alishiba
name: Tempelmeier, Nicolas
name: Yu, Ran
name: Gottschalk, Simon
name: Demidova, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.0

description: OpenStreetMap is a rich source of openly available geographic information. However, the representation of geographic entities, e.g., buildings, mountains, and cities, within OpenStreetMap is highly heterogeneous, diverse, and incomplete. As a result, this rich data source is hardly usable for real-world applications. This paper presents WorldKG -- a new geographic knowledge graph aiming to provide a comprehensive semantic representation of geographic entities in OpenStreetMap. We describe the WorldKG knowledge graph, including its ontology that builds the semantic dataset backbone, the extraction procedure of the ontology and geographic entities from OpenStreetMap, and the methods to enhance entity annotation. We perform statistical and qualitative dataset assessment, demonstrating the large scale and high precision of the semantic geographic information in WorldKG.