cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Engineering of Quantum Hall Effect from Type IIA String Theory on The K3 Surface
Creators: name: Belhaj, Adil
name: Segui, Antonio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using D-brane configurations on the K3 surface, we give six dimensional type IIA stringy realizations of the Quantum Hall Effect (QHE) in 1+2 dimensions. Based on the vertical and horizontal lines of the K3 Hodge diamond, we engineer two different stringy realizations. The vertical line presents a realization in terms of D2 and D6-branes wrapping the K3 surface. The horizontal one is associated with hierarchical stringy descriptions obtained from a quiver gauge theory living on a stack of D4-branes wrapping intersecting 2-spheres embedded in the K3 surface with deformed singularities. These geometries are classified by three kinds of the Kac-Moody algebras: ordinary, i.e finite dimensional, affine and indefinite. We find that no stringy QHE in 1+2 dimensions can occur in the quiver gauge theory living on intersecting 2-spheres arranged as affine Dynkin diagrams. Stringy realizations of QHE can be done only for the finite and indefinite geometries. In particular, the finite Lie algebras give models with fractional filling fractions, while the indefinite ones classify models with negative filling fractions which can be associated with the physics of holes in the graphene.
description: 14 pages, one figure. One Reference updated and minor changes added. Improved discussions are added in sections 3 and 4. Accepted for publication in Phys. Let. B
“Se si scrive / lepre...” Performatività del testo in Corrado Costa (due esempi)
Creators: name: Berisso, Marco
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2017
Subjects: Poesia verbovisionaria
AvantGarde
Performance
Corrado Costa
Il fiume
Il violinista di Chagall

description: Even if assignable to different periods of his production and characterized by a substantial variance in their fortune and textual history, both poems by Corrado Costa −Il fiume and Il violinista di Chagall − move from a primitive linear version to a performative execution; even if in a large sense this can also include the 1981 book-object Il fiume. The essay tries to analyze the peculiar strategies put into effect by Costa to achieve this aim, and his use of visual and audio elements to increase the performative values of his literary production.
title: Evaluation of the Effects of Single Season Wild-Strain Mallard Releases on Local Breeding Population Densities
Creators: name: Dixon, Charles E.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2000

description: In 1993, to determine if wild-strain mallard releases could be used as a management practice to increase local mallard breeding populations, I released 2,344,4.5- week-old mallard ducklings (1,200 females and 1,144 males) to wetlands on 12,10.4-km2 sites (approximately 200 per site, 100 females, 100 males) in the North Dakota Prairie Pothole Region. I monitored the release sites to determine if any relationship existed between site characteristics and time of release to duckling survival estimates. I conducted breeding pair surveys during 1994 and 1995 on treatment and paired control sites to compare post-release population levels. Lastly, I analyzed return data and habitat use, and conducted behavioral experiments to determine if wild-strain mallards experienced higher mortality rates and if any observed differences could be explained by behavior.
In 1994,1 observed 55 of the nasal saddled ducklings returning as adult fem ale to the release sites. In 1995, only 5 nasal saddled females were observed, both on treatment and control sites. No difference was observed hi breeding pair populations on treatment and control sites in 1994 (P = 0.18) and 1995 (P = 0.59).
Hard-released wild-strain mallard females had lower survival rates than wild (P = 0.01) and modified gentle-release wild-strain females (P = 0.05). Ail wild-strain females were virtually eliminated from the population by year 4. This suggests that these buds may have been more vulnerable to predation and other mortality factors than wild females. Breeding wild and wild-strain mallard females reacted similarly to human approach, but when flushed, wild females flew farther than wild-strain females (P = 0.0002). Wetlands used by wild-strain females differed from wild females during breeding by type (P < 0.0001) and cover (P = 0.0003) classification. Wild-strain females selected larger, more permanent wetlands exhibiting less emergent vegetation than did wild counterparts. These differences may help to explain why wiki-strain mallard releases did not increase local breeding populations. The lack of band recoveries for wild-strain females during the latter years when viewed in the context of the observed behavioral differences suggests that these birds were unable to adapt to conditions in the wild.
Additional file 1 of Clinical and biological heterogeneities in triple-negative breast cancer reveals a non-negligible role of HER2-low
Creators: name: Hu, Xi′e
name: Yang, Ping
name: Chen, Songhao
name: Wei, Gang
name: Yuan, Lijuan
name: Yang, Zhenyu
name: Gong, Li
name: He, Li
name: Yang, Lin
name: Peng, Shujia
name: Dong, Yanming
name: He, Xianli
name: Bao, Guoqiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Showing the single-cell landscape of all TNBC samples in this study.
Specific Angular Momentum of Disc Merger Remnants and the $λ_R$-Parameter
Creators: name: Jesseit, Roland
name: Cappellari, Michele
name: Naab, Thorsten
name: Emsellem, Eric
name: Burkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use two-dimensional kinematic maps of simulated binary disc mergers to investigate the $λ_R$-parameter, which is a luminosity weighted measure of projected angular momentum per unit mass. This parameter was introduced to subdivide the SAURON sample of early type galaxies in so called fast $λ_R > 0.1$ and slow rotators $λ_R < 0.1$. Tests on merger remnants reveal that $λ_R$ is a robust indicator of the true angular momentum content in elliptical galaxies. We find the same range of $λ_R$ values in our merger remnants as in the SAURON galaxies. The merger mass ratio is decisive in creating a slow or a fast rotator in a single binary merger, the former being created mostly in an equal mass merger. Slow rotators have a $λ_R$ which does not vary with projection. The confusion rate with face-on fast rotators is very small. Merger with low gas fractions form slow rotators with smaller ellipticities and are in much better agreement with the SAURON slow rotators. Remergers of merger remnants are slow rotators but tend to have too high ellipticities. Fast rotators maintain the angular momentum content from the progenitor disc galaxy if merger mass ratio is high. Some SAURON galaxies have values of $λ_R$ as high as our progenitor disc galaxies.
description: 12 pages, 11Figures, submitted to MNRAS
Decadal oscillation of autumn precipitation in Central Vietnam modulated by the East Pacific–North Pacific (EP–NP) teleconnection
Creators: Li, R.
Wang, S.-Y.
Gillies, R. R.
Buckley, Brendan M.
Truong, L. H.
Cho, C.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: Teleconnections (Climatology)
Precipitation (Meteorology)
Climatic changes

description: Autumn precipitation over Central Vietnam is associated with an increase in the occurrence of tropical cyclones that lead to frequent flooding and pose a significant threat to lives and property. The present analyses reveal a pronounced decadal oscillation of autumn precipitation in Central Vietnam within the 8–11 year frequency band that is modulated by the East Pacific–North Pacific (EP–NP) teleconnection. The negative phase of the EP–NP pattern is associated with a positive sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the South China Sea (SCS) that induces low-level convergence, enhances convection, and increases precipitation over Central Vietnam and adjacent islands including Hainan (China) and the Philippines. This circulation feature around the SCS is embedded in a large-scale circulation associated with SST anomalies across the Pacific Ocean—i.e., cooling in the Eastern and Central tropical Pacific sandwiched by warming in the North and South Pacific as well as the Western Pacific Ocean. The positive phase of the EP–NP features opposite SST and circulation anomalies, with the result being reduced rainfall in Central Vietnam. This out-of-phase relationship and shared decadal spectral coherence between the EP–NP index and autumn precipitation in Central Vietnam might be useful for future climate predictions and flood management.
On the nonexistence of quasi-Einstein metrics
Creators: name: Case, Jeffrey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C21, 58J60

description: We study complete Riemannian manifolds satisfying the equation $Ric+\nabla^2 f-\frac{1}{m}df\otimes df=0$ by studying the associated PDE $Δ_f f + mμe^{2f/m}=0$ for $μ\leq 0$. By developing a gradient estimate for $f$, we show there are no nonconstant solutions. We then apply this to show that there are no nontrivial Ricci flat warped products with fibers which have nonpositive Einstein constant. We also show that for nontrivial steady gradient Ricci solitons, the quantity $R+|\nabla f|^2$ is a positive constant.
description: Final version: Improved exposition of Section 2, corrected minor typos
A crustal study using teleseismic P Phases recorded near Port Authur, Ontario
Creators: name: Deas, Alec T.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The crustal thickness and P velocities in the Port Arthur, Ontario region of the Canadian Shield have been previously determined by seismic refraction techniques during the Lake Superior Experiment and Project Early Rise. In this study, the P phases of eleven teleseismic earthquakes recorded near Port Arthur have been studied by computing azimuths, angles of incidence, and spectral ratios to ascertain some crustal properties and compare these values with the refraction results. A P velocity at the surface of 6.1 ± .8 km/sec and a crustal thickness of 40 ± 5 km determined from the earthquakes are similar to but less precise than the refraction estimates of 6.3 km/sec and 38 km respectively. Transverse motions generated by the earthquake signal passing through the crust were observed and contributed to the uncertainty.
New EoL routes of Al Li aircraft integral LBW and FSW welded panels including new Cr free coatings presented in the 12nd EASN conference october 2022 in Barcelona
Creators: name: Fernández, Ana Isabel
name: Delgado, Clara
name: Dufour, Philippe
name: Aldanondo, Egoitz
name: García, Belén
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: end of life
metal recycling
aluminum–lithium alloys
light metallic alloys
aircraft fuselage
material sorting
aircraft welded panels
decoating
Cr-free coatings

description: EoL of new aircraft integral welded panels of 3rd generation of Al-Li alloys welded between them by Laser Beam Welding (LBW) and Friction Stir Welded (FSW), including new Cr-free coatings to protect them was investigated. The best EoL route including dismantling and recycling procedures was defined for 10 different combinations of FSW/LBW Al-Li alloys and two coatings. Different cutting strategies, ranging from cutting only for size reduction to full separation of all materials, including the separation of the welded seam were defined with the objective to recycle the maximum amount of material to manufacture high quality aircraft Al-Li alloys. Furthermore, the need to eliminate primer and topcoats and different decoating methods were investigated for TFSAA (Thin film Sulphuric Anodizing) and Sol Gel coatings. The separated metallic fractions of the different EoL routes were recycled and the produced metallic alloys characterised in order to establish a ranking in terms of costs, environmental impact and effectivity, that allowed to select the best option for recycling for each LBW and FSW panels. Fading/enrichment of the different elements were researched, and the recycled alloys were compared with commercial primary Al-Li alloys to determine the compatibility with each of them. Materials and energy flows, emissions and waste generation were inventoried during the new End of Live process tested and provided to ecoTech project for the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The best EoL route was defined to valorize as much as possible of the valuable alloying elements and minimize the environmental impact: cutting only for size reduction (6 FSW and 3 LBW configurations) and full separation of all materials (1 LBW configuration).
title: Probable Maximum Flood Estimation in Northern Utah
Creators: name: Win, Khin Maung
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1993

description: The probable maximum flood (PMF) is used for the xxi assessment of maximum flood potentials in spillway sizing of new dams and in evaluating the adequacy of existing hydrologic structures. Determination of the PMF begins with the estimation of the probable maximum precipitation (PMP) for a particular dam site. Selecting hydrologic methods and assumptions for converting PMP to PMF, which are most appropriate for Utah conditions, is important to meet current inflow design flood (IDF) safety standards.
The objectives of this study were (a) to demonstrate a maximization approach to PMF determination, (b) to evaluate effects of basin characteristics and isohyetal or uniform rainfall pattern on PMP and hence PMF, (c) to evaluate uncertainties due to hydrologic procedures through sensitivity studies, (d) to analyze historical events for indications of actual loss rates, (e) to analyze historical snowpack and melt conditions for critical snowmelt conditions, (f) to assess implications of this study for a degree of conservatism index, and (g) to evaluate the implications of the study for the selection of procedures for PMF determinations.
A sensitivity study was conducted to evaluate the hydrologic methods and assumptions (e.g., loss rates, unit hydrographs, basin subdivision, temporal storm distribution, flood routing, and antecedent events) which may be used in northern Utah PMF studies.
The maximization of local storm PMF produced a higher peak reservoir stage than using basin average PMP only. Evaluation of effects of basin characteristics on PMF showed that local storm PMP is critical for basins up to about 2,000 square miles in northern Utah.
Estimation of maximum probable rain-on-snow flood conditions for Porcupine Basin for April, May, and June revealed that there are significant increases in peak flows and flood volumes due to the contribution of snowmelt in the months of May and June.
The results from the degree of conservatism assessment performed on local storm PMF estimates for Porcupine Basin showed that the overall effect of assumptions made and procedures followed in a typical PMF determination is almost certainly a conservative estimate.
Funding flashmob! registering and connecting grants with Crossref & Europe PMC
Creators: name: Lammey, Rachael
name: Ferguson, Christine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: grants, funders, metadata, workflows

description: Join Crossref and Europe PMC so we can bring you up to speed on why we’re working together with funders to register grant metadata and create global identifiers for grants. *Spoiler alert* connecting grant information and persistent identifiers with research outputs will help researchers, funders, publishers and institutions easily see the outputs that result from individual grants. It makes grant metadata openly available to help identify connections between projects and collaborators. And will avoid duplication of effort in reporting and overlapping grants or repeated projects.

 Europe PMC were early adopters, registering grants for Wellcome since 2019, and have since been joined by a growing number of other organizations as this initiative scales up. Come along to our session to find out what our plans are and see grant metadata in action in our funding flashmob!
description: Presented at PIDapalooza 28 January 2021
Quantum decay into a non-flat continuum
Creators: name: Aisenberg, James
name: Sela, Itamar
name: Kottos, Tsampikos
name: Cohen, Doron
name: Elgart, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the decay of a prepared state into non-flat continuum. We find that the survival probability $P(t)$ might exhibit either stretched-exponential or power-law decay, depending on non-universal features of the model. Still there is a universal characteristic time $t_0$ that does not depend on the functional form. It is only for a flat continuum that we get a robust exponential decay that is insensitive to the nature of the intra-continuum couplings. The analysis highlights the co-existence of perturbative and non-perturbative features in the local density of states, and the non-linear dependence of $1/t_0$ on the strength of the coupling.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures
Explosive percolation: a numerical analysis
Creators: name: Radicchi, Filippo
name: Fortunato, Santo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Percolation is one of the most studied processes in statistical physics. A recent paper by Achlioptas et al. [Science 323, 1453 (2009)] has shown that the percolation transition, which is usually continuous, becomes discontinuous ("explosive") if links are added to the system according to special cooperative rules (Achlioptas processes). In this paper we present a detailed numerical analysis of Achlioptas processes with product rule on various systems, including lattices, random networks a' la Erdoes-Renyi and scale-free networks. In all cases we recover the explosive transition by Achlioptas et al.. However, the explosive percolation transition is kind of hybrid as, despite the discontinuity of the order parameter at the threshold, one observes traces of analytical behavior, like power law distributions of cluster sizes. In particular, for scale-free networks with degree exponent lambda<3, all relevant percolation variables display power law scaling, just as in continuous second-order phase transitions.
description: 11 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
title: Evaluation of Flood Routing Techniques for Incremental Damage Assessment
Creators: name: Jayyousi, Enan Fakhri
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1994

description: Incremental damage assessment is a tool used to assess the justification for expensive modifications of inadequate dams. The input data to incremental damage assessment are the output from the breach analysis and flood routing. For this reason, flood routing should be conducted carefully. Distorted results from the flood routing technique or unstable modeling of the problem will distort the results of an incremental damage assessment, because an error in the estimated incremental stage will cause a certain error in the estimated incremental damages.
The objectives of this study were (1) to perform a comprehensive survey of the available dam break flood-routing techniques, (2) to evaluate the performance of commonly used flood-routing techniques for predicting failure and no-failure stage, incremental stage, average velocities, and travel times, and (3) to develop a set of recommendations upon which future applications of dam break models can be based.
Flood-routing techniques that are evaluated cover dynamic routing as contained in DAMBRK, and kinematic, Muskingum-Cunge, and normal depth storage routing as contained in the Hydrological Engineering Center (HEC 1). These techniques were evaluated against the more accurate two-dimensional flood-routing technique contained in the diffusion hydrodynamic model (DHM). Results and errors from different techniques for different downstream conditions were calculated and conclusions were drawn. The effect of the errors on the incremental stage and the errors in the incremental stage were estimated. Overall, the performance of one-dimensional techniques in predicting peak stages, and assessing a two-feet criterion showed that DAMBRK did best, and normal depth storage and outflow did worst. This overall ranking matches the degree of simplification in representing the true flood-routing situation. However, in some circumstances DAMBRK performed worst, and normal depth storage and outflow outperformed either the Muskingum-Cunge or kinematic techniques. Thus, it is important to understand the specific performance characteristics of all the methods when selecting one for a flood-routing application.
The Mechanisms of Action of Cold Atmospheric Air Plasma for Use in Hospital Decontamination
Creators: name: Fallon, Muireann
Publisher: name: Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110303 Clinical Microbiology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Hospital surfaces are a potential reservoir of infection due to contamination by bacteria. A potential novel method to decontaminate these surfaces is the use of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) systems. CAPP has antimicrobial properties yet the mechanisms of action are not fully understood, although it is believed they are partially due, to the production of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species (RONS). As a decontamination tool, CAPP must inactivate not only singular bacteria but also those living within biofilms. Biofilms are multi-cellular, protective structures, which confer a higher resistance to disinfectants than singular, planktonic bacteria. In this project, we aimed to show the potential use of a CAPP jet for hospital decontamination as well as to examine the mechanisms of action of bacterial inactivation. An atmospheric pressure, air plasma jet was used to inactivated both Grampositive and -negative, clinically relevant bacteria both in planktonic and biofilm phases. These biofilms were grown on common hospital surface materials to reflect real world conditions. The viability of biofilms showed bacterial inactivation after CAPP treatment. CAPP treatment was also examined alongside a normal hospital cleaning agent and in the presence of blood. CAPP treatment inactivated bacteria on hospital materials without hindering normal cleaning. CAPP can directly inactivate bacteria but also can be used to produce plasma activated liquid (PAL). This liquid, treated by CAPP, also contains antimicrobial properties. PAL produced in this study had increased RONS concentrations but no significant decrease in pH. It was found to inactivate planktonic cells and biofilms as well as being able to reduce contamination of cloths commonly in hospital cleaning. Bacterial inactivation may to be due to RONS in the liquid such as hydrogen peroxide. The bacterial response to CAPP was also examined. Scanning electron microscopy showed bacterial distortion after CAPP treatment. Damage of the bacterial membrane and penetration of CAPP within biofilm structures was shown by confocal microscopy and quantified through staining techniques. Utilising laser-induced fluorescence, it was found that bacterial inactivation corresponded to the concentration of nitric oxide and atomic oxygen produced by the CAPP jet. Genetic up-regulation of oxidative damage genes in CAPP treated Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was also shown through quantitative reverse transcription PCR. In conclusion, we have shown a possible role of CAPP in hospital decontamination through the decontamination of clinically relevant bacteria on common hospital surfaces through both direct and PAL treatment. The mechanism of action of CAPP treatment could be due to RONS, which trigger oxidative damage genes within the bacterial cell and ultimately lead to bacterial lysis and inactivation.
Additional file 1 of Better performance for right-skewed data using an alternative gamma model
Creators: name: Veazie, Peter
name: Intrator, Orna
name: Kinosian, Bruce
name: Phibbs, Ciaran S.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1.
title: Nonparametric Stochastic Generation of Daily Precipitation and Other Weather Variables
Creators: name: Balaji, Rajagopalan
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: Traditional stochastic approaches for synthetic generation of weather variables often assume a prior functional form for the stochastic process, are often not capable of reproducing the probabilistic structure present in the data, and may not be uniformly applicable across sites. In an attempt to find a general framework for stochastic generation of weather variables, this study marks a unique departure from the traditional approaches, and ushers in the use of data-driven nonparametric techniques and demonstrates their utility.
Precipitation is one of the key variables that drive hydrologic systems and hence warrants more focus . In this regard, two major aspects of precipitation modeling were considered: (I) resampling traces under the assumption of stationarity in the process, or with some treatment of the seasonality, and (2) investigations into interannual and secular trends in precipitation and their likely implications.
A nonparametric seasonal wet/dry spell model was developed for the generation of daily precipitation. In this the probability density functions of interest are estimated using non parametric kernel density estimators. In the course of development of this model, various nonparametric density estimators for discrete and continuous data were reviewed, tested, and documented, which resulted in the development of a nonparametric estimator for discrete probability estimation.
Variations in seasonality of precipitation as a function of latitude and topographic factors were seen through the non parametric estimation of the time-varying occurrence frequency. Nonparametric spectral analysis, performed on monthly precipitation, revealed significant interannual frequencies and coherence with known atmospheric oscillations. Consequently, a non parametric, nonhomogeneous Markov chain for modeling daily precipitation was developed that obviated the need to divide the year into seasons.
Multivariate nonparametric resampling technique from the nonparametrically fitted probability density functions, which can be likened to a smoothed bootstrap approach, was developed for the simulation of other weather variables (solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperature, average dew point temperature, and average wind speed). In this technique the vector of variables on a day is generated by conditioning on the vector of these variables on the preceding day and the precipitation amount on the current day generated from the wet/dry spell model.
Il Guitto e l’Arkeopterix. Sul visibile poetare di Luigi Pasotelli
Creators: name: Bondi, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2017
Subjects: Poesia verbovisionaria
AvantGarde
Luigi Pasotelli
Visual poem
Giovanni Pozzi

description: This paper aims to shed some light on one aspect of the art of Luigi Pasotelli (1925-1993), one of the more eminent (and less known) performers and graphic artists of the Italian scene between the 1980s and the 1990s: Pasotelli’s peculiar use of the ancient form of “calligramma” or “carme figurato”. In particular, I will try to show how Pasotelli was strongly influenced by Giovanni Pozzi’s masterpiece, La parola dipinta, which was first published in 1981, the starting year of Pasotelli’s artistic career. From this book, Pasotelli doesn't only take a certain amount of iconic patterns but also a theoretical frame in which he inscribes his work on visual poetry. Then, I will discuss the meaning of the animal and cosmic symbols in the context of the Pasotelli’s poetics.
An evolving hot spot orbiting around Sgr A*
Creators: name: Zamaninasab, M.
name: Eckart, A.
name: Meyer, L.
name: Schoedel, R.
name: Dovciak, M.
name: Karas, V.
name: Kunneriath, D.
name: Witzel, G.
name: Giessuebel, R.
name: Koenig, S.
name: Straubmeier, C.
name: Zensus, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we report on recent near-infrared observations of the Sgr A* counterpart associated with the super-massive ~ 4x10^6 M_sun black hole at the Galactic Center. We find that the May 2007 flare shows the highest sub-flare contrast observed until now, as well as evidence for variations in the profile of consecutive sub-flares. We modeled the flare profile variations according to the elongation and change of the shape of a spot due to differential rotation within the accretion disk.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, contribution for the conference "The Universe under the Microscope" (AHAR 2008), to be published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series by Institute of Physics Publishing
title: Evaluation of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Techniques For Utah Probable Maximum Flood Determinations
Creators: name: Shammet, Ashraf Mohammed
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 1995

description: Every dam must be capable of safely passing a predetermined flood magnitude. For high-hazard dams, it is a common practice to require that this flood be the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF). The determination of the PMF starts with the determination of the Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). We used the generalized estimates of the PMP as outlined in Hydrometeorological Report (HMR) 49. In this study we used the storm event model approach to convert the PMP into PMF. Different synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) techniques were then used in the conversion process. The Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number method was used to estimate the losses, and the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) lag time relationship was used as the basis for estimating the time parameters for the different (SUH) methods.
The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the theoretical and empirical basis for the SUH methods that are commonly used for Utah PMF determinations; 2) to compare the PMF determinations for representative Utah watersheds based on alternative SUH methods using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques, and to explore the effects of parameter uncertainty ; and 3) to make recommendations for the selection and use of SUH methods for Utah PMF determinations.
An interactive PMF modeling system was formulated. The modeling system processes the different databases and estimates the parameters required for HEC 1 model input to produce the PMF hydrograph. Five SUHs were used, tbe SCS, Clark, Snyder, USBR, and the Corps of Engineers (COE) LA valley S-graph. Seven representative Utah high-hazard dam sites were selected and used in the evaluation of the five SUH techniques, focusing on their procedure, practice and applicability, and analytical and empirical evaluations.
GIS procedures proved to be a very efficient and flexible means for obtaining rainfall-runoff model inputs. Deviation of the site-specific time-area curve from the default curve in HEC 1 leads to errors in the peak flow estimate. In the absence of suitable events for site-specific development of unit hydrographs, the USBR SUH technique is to be used, but careful consideration should be given to the appropriateness of the use of local storm K, values for Utah local storm PMFs.
Evaluation of a rectilinear motion detector
Creators: name: Fuchs, Jens Peter
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: One criterion for distinguishing underground nuclear explosions from earthquakes is that most earthquakes occur at considerably larger depths. Focal depth can he determined with seismograms if both the P and the pP arrival are clearly distinguishable. "REMODE 5A" (REctilinear Motion DEtector), a time-varying polarization filter for the detection of P-type motion, is applied to artificial inputs and earthquakes. It is investigated how variation of the filter parameters affects the output. The length of the time window within which the cross-correlation filter operator is calculated must not be small compared to the signal period, especially if the onset of a quake is to be enhanced. If the window is very short, the filter outputs will be erratic. It makes little difference whether the truncated filter operator is tapered at the ends or not. REMODE 5A removes background noise and much of the signal-generated noise, but its efficiency in picking pP from complicated P coda is not significantly different from more elementary versions of REMODE filters. Through choice of parameters, REMODE 5A can be made arbitrarily selective to the degree of rectilinearity and the incident angle of signal and noise. However, since the sought-for pP and P will often be contaminated by signal-generated noise, too highly selective a filter may easily reject signal.
Kinks, chains, and loop groups in the CP^n sigma models
Creators: name: Harland, Derek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider topological solitons in the CP^n sigma models in two space dimensions. In particular, we study "kinks", which are independent of one coordinate up to a rotation of the target space, and "chains", which are periodic in one coordinate up to a rotation of the target space. Kinks and chains both exhibit constituents, similar to monopoles and calorons in SU(n) Yang-Mills-Higgs and Yang-Mills theories. We examine the constituent structure using Lie algebras.
description: 19 pages, 3 figures v2: Discussions improved, examples added, references added, typos corrected
title: Conceptualization and Development of a Dam Break Life-Loss Estimation Model
Creators: name: Aboelata, Maged A.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2005

description: Catastrophic events such as dam failures or severe floods are considered to be of low probability, although their consequences can be extremely high and might include loss of life. Earlier studies have linked circumstances surrounding historical darn failure events to actual loss of life and produced formulations using statistical analysis of these events. Shortcomings of these methods include the inability to adjust life-loss estimates based on the type of darn failure, global averaging of population at risk, and ignoring the dynamics of the evacuation process.
The main objective of this research is to develop a practical and improved life-loss estimation approach for use in dam safety risk assessment and emergency planning. The methodology is specifically formulated to overcome the limitations of previous. purely empirical, approaches. The approach takes into account the spatial and temporal distribution of flood water depth and velocity, fate of buildings, simulation of warning diffusion, and tracking the movement of people from their original location towards safe shelters.
The model created, called LlFESim, is designed to serve multiple function s. First, it can be used in a Deterministic Mode using best estimate inputs to obtain point estimates, or to test different policies for evacuation as well as different times of the day and for different dam breach flooding scenarios. Second, the Uncertainty Mode represents input and parameter uncertainties to provide estimates of life loss, and other variables relating to warning and evacuation effectiveness, as probability distributions. These distributions of life loss can be combined with estimates of the uncertainties in other risk assessment inputs, to obtain estimates of uncertainties in risk assessment results, including evaluations against tolerable risk guidelines.
Two communities were used to demonstrate the model performance. Deterministic Mode results display the various possible model outputs. Sensitivity analysis for the Deterministic Mode shows that the effect of warning issuance time is the dominant factor in the estimated life loss. However, other factors play an important role such as the time of day, effectiveness of the warning system, and shelter location. Uncertainty Mode results demonstrate the effect of uncertainties in model parameters and inputs on the model results.
More evidence of cryptic diversity in Anatololacerta species complex Arnold, Arribas and Carranza, 2007 (Squamata: Lacertidae) and re-evaluation of its current taxonomy
Creators: name: Danae Karakasi
name: Ilgaz, Çetin
name: Kumlutaş, Yusuf
name: Candan, Kamil
name: Güçlü, Özgür
name: Kankılıç, Tolga
name: Beşer, Nurettin
name: Sindaco, Roberto
name: Lymberakis, Petros
name: Poulakakis, Nikos
Publisher: name: Brill Online
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 60299 Ecology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Genetic diversity is not always congruent with phenotypic heterogeneity, resulting in cryptic species complexes which cause a great struggle for scientists trying to define ‘species’ and describe relationships among taxa. Anatololacerta is a lizard genus distributed in southern and western Anatolia and some neighboring Aegean islands. Three morphospecies were recognized in Anatololacerta but a recent molecular study revealed the presence of cryptic diversity within the genus which led to the raise of a subspecies to species level. Currently the genus includes the species A. anatolica, A. danfordi, A. budaki and A. pelasgiana. Using a comprehensive sampling concerning both the number of specimens (218 specimens) and the genetic markers (3 nuclear and 3 mitochondrial), we performed phylogenetic analyses including tree reconstruction, species delimitation and divergence times estimation. The results revealed the occurrence of one more cryptic lineage which should be regarded as a separate species for which the name A. ibrahimi stat. nov. has priority. The existence of five well differentiated species with parapatric distributions in Anatololacerta is strongly supported. There is also evidence of recent and rapid radiation of the genus which probably causes phylogenetic relationships between these species to remain largely unresolved. At last, we proceeded to some nomenclatorial changes: The current name A. budaki was synonymized with A. pelasgiana because specimens of the type-locality of A. budaki are assigned genetically to A. pelasgiana. The genetic lineage including specimens currently assigned to A. budaki was named A. finikensis stat. nov., raising the subspecies A. b. finikensis to species level.
Additional file 1 of The dual pro-inflammatory and bone-protective role of calcitonin gene-related peptide alpha in age-related osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Hildebrandt, Alexander
name: Dietrich, Tamara
name: Weber, Jérôme
name: Günderoth, Mara Meyer
name: Zhou, Sijia
name: Fleckenstein, Florian N.
name: Jiang, Shan
name: Winkler, Tobias
name: Duda, Georg N.
name: Tsitsilonis, Serafeim
name: Keller, Johannes
name: Maleitzke, Tazio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1: S1. OARSI histopathological grading score. S2. Primer sequences. S3. Assessment of µCT parameters.
S-Z power spectrum produced by primordial magnetic fields
Creators: name: Tashiro, Hiroyuki
name: Sugiyama, Naoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Primordial magnetic fields generated in the very early universe are one of the candidates for the origin of magnetic fields observed in galaxy clusters. After recombination, the Lorentz force acts on the residual ions and electrons to generate density fluctuations of baryons. Accordingly these fluctuations induce the early formation of dark halos which cause the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (S-Z) effect in cosmic microwave background radiation. This additional S-Z effect due to primordial magnetic fields amplifies the angular power spectrum of cosmic microwave temperature anisotropies on small scales. This amplification depends on the comoving amplitude and the power law index of the primordial magnetic fields spectrum. Comparing with the small scale CMB observations, we obtained the constraints on the primordial magnetic fields, i.e., B < 2.0 nGauss for n=-2.9 or B < 1.0 nGauss for n=-2.6, where B is the comoving amplitude of magnetic fields at h^-1 Mpc and n is the power law index. Future S-Z measurements have the potential to give constraints tighter than those from temperature anisotropies and polarization of cosmic microwave background induced by the magnetic fields at the recombination epoch.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures. accepted by MNRAS
Cavity optomechanics with ultra-high Q crystalline micro-resonators
Creators: name: Hofer, J.
name: Schliesser, A.
name: Kippenberg, T. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first observation of optomechanical coupling in ultra-high Q crystalline whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) resonators. The high purity of the crystalline material enables optical quality factors in excess of 10^{10} and finesse exceeding 10^{6}. Simultaneously, mechanical quality factors greater than 10^{5} are obtained, still limited by clamping losses. Compared to previously demonstrated cylindrical resonators, the effective mass of the mechanical modes can be dramatically reduced by the fabrication of CaF2 microdisc resonators. Optical displacement monitoring at the 10^{-18} m/sqrt{Hz}-level reveals mechanical radial modes at frequencies up to 20 MHz, corresponding to unprecedented sideband factors (>100). Together with the weak intrinsic mechanical damping in crystalline materials, such high sindeband factors render crystalline WGM micro-resonators promising for backaction evading measurements, resolved sideband cooling or optomechanical normal mode splitting. Moreover, these resonators can operate in a regime where optomechanical Brillouin lasing can become accessible.
Hilbert Spaces from Path Integrals
Creators: name: Dowker, Fay
name: Johnston, Steven
name: Sorkin, Rafael D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is shown that a Hilbert space can be constructed for a quantum system starting from a framework in which histories are fundamental. The Decoherence Functional provides the inner product on this "History Hilbert space". It is also shown that the History Hilbert space is the standard Hilbert space in the case of non-relativistic quantum mechanics.
description: 22 pages. Minor updates to match published version
Additional file 1 of Meta-analysis of outcomes following intravenous thrombolysis in patients with ischemic stroke on direct oral anticoagulants
Creators: name: Behnoush, Amir Hossein
name: Khalaji, Amirmohammad
name: Bahiraie, Pegah
name: Gupta, Rahul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Neuroscience
Science Policy

description: Supplementary Material 1
Determining the Unithood of Word Sequences using a Probabilistic Approach
Creators: name: Wong, Wilson
name: Liu, Wei
name: Bennamoun, Mohammed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Most research related to unithood were conducted as part of a larger effort for the determination of termhood. Consequently, novelties are rare in this small sub-field of term extraction. In addition, existing work were mostly empirically motivated and derived. We propose a new probabilistically-derived measure, independent of any influences of termhood, that provides dedicated measures to gather linguistic evidence from parsed text and statistical evidence from Google search engine for the measurement of unithood. Our comparative study using 1,825 test cases against an existing empirically-derived function revealed an improvement in terms of precision, recall and accuracy.
description: More information is available at http://explorer.csse.uwa.edu.au/reference/
title: Teacher- and Student-Developed Summaries of Performance: Perceptions of Teachers and Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors
Creators: name: Preece, Heidi S.
Publisher: name: Utah State University
Year: 2015

description: Students receiving special education services occasionally experience problems with accessing adult services after graduation. Mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act reauthorization of 2004, the summary of performance (SOP) is a document that should ideally provide necessary information to adult service providers on needed services and eligibility of a student after graduation. This project examined student-completed portfolios and teacher-completed SOP forms to determine which form was more useful for providing necessary documentation for eligibility. Participants were vocational rehabilitation (VR) counselors and special education teachers who evaluated a student-completed portfolio compared with a teacher-completed SOP form in an online survey. Variables assessed by VR counselors included (a) value of the information provided for determining eligibility, (b) value of the information provided for plan development, (c) value of the information provided for identifying functional limitations, (d) comprehensiveness of information, (e) usefulness for communicating with other professionals, (f) usefulness for communicating with family members, (g) usefulness in creating familiarity with student, (h) time required to conduct review, and (i) time required to read/comprehend the document compared to value. Special education teachers evaluated and compared a student-completed portfolio with a teacher-completed SOP form using a similar survey. Variables assessed by special education teachers included (a) value of the information provided for determining postsecondary goals, (b) value of the information provided for transition plan development, (c) value of the information provided for identifying functional limitations, (d) comprehensiveness of information, (e) usefulness for communicating with other professionals, (f) usefulness for communicating with family members, (g) usefulness in creating familiarity with student, (h) time required to conduct review, and (i) time required to read/comprehend the document compared to value. The results show that a student-completed portfolio was rated more favorably than a teacher-completed form on most variables. VR counselors reported receiving a more complete picture of a student in the student-completed form. Special education teachers rated the student-completed portfolio as higher in value than the teacher-completed SOP. Findings suggest the need for more research on a student-completed portfolio as an SOP.