cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Optical appearance of the gravitational lens system B0218+35.7
Creators: name: Grundahl, F.
name: Hjorth, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-resolution CCD images (FWHM=0.6"-0.7") of the compact gravitational lens system B0218+35.7 obtained at the Nordic Optical Telescope. Using aperture and PSF photometry we detect the two closely separated (335 mas) components A and B as well as the lensing galaxy. In the optical B seems to be very much brighter than A, opposite to the radio morphology. This suggests that most of the light from A is absorbed in the lensing galaxy, possibly by a giant molecular cloud located in the line-of-sight to component A. The lensing galaxy appears to be a late-type galaxy at a small inclination. For future variability studies we present calibrated photometry of the system and its immediate surroundings, even though the relative faintness of A will make it difficult to obtain an optical time delay even with the Hubble Space Telescope.
Curvature-modulated structural and magnetic properties of thin films deposited onto highly ordered nanosphere arrays
Creators: name: Qdemat, Asmaa
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024

description: 1st Ph.D. and PostDoc Days JCNS-2 in 2024, JCNS-2 + online, Germany, 14 Feb 2024 - 15 Feb 2024
Evolution of Hot Gas and Dark Halos in Group-Dominant Elliptical Galaxies: Influence of Cosmic Inflow
Creators: name: Brighenti, Fabrizio
name: Mathews, William G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the complete dynamical evolution of hot interstellar gas in massive elliptical galaxies born into a simple flat universe beginning with an overdense perturbation. Within the turn-around radius dark matter flows in a self-similar fashion into a stationary Navarro-Frenk-White halo and the baryonic gas shocks. After a few gigayears, when enough gas accumulates within the accretion shock, the de Vaucouleurs stellar system is constructed and the energy from Type II supernovae is released. The stars and dark halo are matched to NGC 4472. Gas continues to enter the galaxy by secondary infall and by stellar mass loss based on a Salpeter IMF. After about 13 Gyrs the temperature and density distribution in the hot gas agree quite well with the hot interstellar gas observed in NGC 4472. As a result of supernova-driven outflow, the present day baryonic fraction has a deep minimum in the outer galactic halo. When relatively gas-rich, X-ray luminous models are spatially truncated at early times, simulating tidal events that may have occurred during galaxy group dynamics, the current locus of truncated models lies just along the $L_x$, X-ray size correlation among well-observed ellipticals, providing another striking confirmation of our simple model of elliptical evolution.
description: 16 pages in AASTEX LaTeX with 14 figures; accepted by Astrophysical Journal
Additional file 8 of Exosomal microRNAs are novel circulating biomarkers in cigarette, waterpipe smokers, E-cigarette users and dual smokers
Creators: name: Singh, Kameshwar P.
name: Maremanda, Krishna P.
name: Li, Dongmei
name: Rahman, Irfan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 8: Supplementary Table 8. Differential expressed microRNAs from plasma exosomes of waperpipe smokers in comparison to dual smokers.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrrolidine-based T-type calcium channel inhibitors for the treatment of neuropathic pain
Creators: name: Yang, Hak Kyun
name: Son, Woo Seung
name: Lim, Keon Seung
name: Kim, Gun Hee
name: Lim, Eun Jeong
name: Changdev G. Gadhe
name: Lee, Jae Yeol
name: Kyu-Sung Jeong
name: Lim, Sang Min
name: Pae, Ae Nim
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: The treatment of neuropathic pain is one of the urgent unmet medical needs and T-type calcium channels are promising therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain. Several potent T-type channel inhibitors showed promising in vivo efficacy in neuropathic pain animal models and are being investigated in clinical trials. Herein we report development of novel pyrrolidine-based T-type calcium channel inhibitors by pharmacophore mapping and structural hybridisation followed by evaluation of their Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 channel inhibitory activities. Among potent inhibitors against both Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 channels, a promising compound 20n based on in vitro ADME properties displayed satisfactory plasma and brain exposure in rats according to in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. We further demonstrated that 20n effectively improved the symptoms of neuropathic pain in both SNL and STZ neuropathic pain animal models, suggesting modulation of T-type calcium channels can be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
ASCA PV observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15 : rapid variability of the warm absorber
Creators: name: Reynolds, C. S.
name: Fabian, A. C.
name: Nandra, K.
name: Inoue, H.
name: Kunieda, H.
name: Iwasawa, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed re-analysis of the two {\it ASCA} Performance Verification observations of the nearby Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15. Confirming the results of Fabian et al. (1994), we find definite evidence for the {\sc O\,vii} and {\sc O\,viii} K-shell absorption edges of the warm absorber and a doubling of the warm absorber column density within the 3 weeks separating the two observations. No intra-day {\it flux-correlated} variability of the warm absorber is found. However, we report the discovery of an `event' in which the warm absorber parameters temporarily change for \sim10\,000\thinspace s before returning to their original values. Possible interpretations are discussed but a contradiction remains: the constancy of the ionization state of the warm absorber argues that it lies at large distances from the central source whereas the short term change in column density argues for small distances. Fluorescent iron emission is examined. As found by Fabian et al. (1994), the iron line is broad and strong (equivalent width \sim300\thinspace eV). The line profile is also suggestive of it being skewed. Such a line would be expected from a relativistic accretion disk. We also find very rapid primary X-ray variability. Assuming relativistic beaming to be unimportant, the derived efficiency is comparable to the maximum obtainable from accretion onto a Schwarzschild black hole. Correlated variability outside of the energy range of {\it ASCA} might exceed this maximum, thus requiring efficient accretion onto a Kerr hole.
description: uuencoded compressed postscript. The preprint is also available at http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.html
Pressure-Induced Spin-Crossover features in Fe(Pm-Bia)2(NCS)2
Creators: name: Shahed, Hend
Publisher: name: Forschungzentrum Jülich
Year: 2024

description: 1st Ph.D. and PostDoc Days JCNS-2 in 2024, JCNS-2 + online, Germany, 14 Feb 2024 - 15 Feb 2024
A three-dimensional steerable optical tweezer system for ultracold atoms
Creators: name: Chisholm, C. S.
name: Thomas, R.
name: Deb, A. B.
name: Kjærgaard, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a three-dimensional steerable optical tweezer system based on two pairs of acousto-optic deflectors. Radio frequencies used to steer the optical tweezers are generated by direct digital synthesis and multiple cross beam dipole traps can be produced through rapid frequency toggling and time averaging. We demonstrate production of arrays of ultracold atomic clouds in both horizontal and vertical planes and use this as an indicator for the three-dimensional nature of this optical tweezer system.
description: To appear in Review of Scientific Instruments
Variable Stars: which Nyquist Frequency ?
Creators: name: Eyer, L.
name: Bartholdi, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the analysis of variable stars, the problem of sampling is central. This article focusses on the determination of the Nyquist frequency. It is well defined in the case of regular sampling. However, the time series of variable stars observations are generally unevenly sampled. Fourier analysis using the spectral window furnishes some clues about the equivalent Nyquist frequency in the irregular case. Often it is pushed very high, and thus very short periods can be detected. A specific example is shown, drawn from MACHO databases.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to A&A
Proceedings of Table Mountain Delta 2023, the 14th Delta Conference on the Teaching and Learning of Undergraduate Mathematics and Statistics
Creators: name: Campbell, Anita
name: Holgate, David
name: Mofolo-Mbokane, Batseba
Publisher: name: University of Cape Town
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 390109
subject: Mathematics and numeracy curriculum and pedagogy

description: Conference proceedings for the Table Mountain Delta 2023 conference 26 November - 1 December 2023. This is the 14th Southern Hemisphere Conferences on the Teaching and Learning of Undergraduate Mathematics and Statistics. This series of conferences occurs every 2 years, usually rotating between South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. The conferences are dedicated to research-based interaction around improving undergraduate mathematics and statistics education.As for previous Delta conferences, some of the papers to be presented appear in a special issue of the International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology. The conference proceedings contain a further eight full papers which have undergone double-blind peer-review by at least two reviewers. Additional talks are selected on abstract submission, also subject to peer-review. Table Mountain Delta Academic Team:Anita L. Campbell1, David Holgate2, Batseba Mofolo-Mbokane3, Sheena Rughubar-Reddy1 and Pragashni Padayachee11University of Cape Town, 2University of the Western Cape and 3University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa.
Additional file 1 of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorates lupus nephritis through inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK signalling pathways in MRL/lpr mice
Creators: name: Li, Xuewei
name: Liu, Jie
name: Zhao, Yingzhe
name: Xu, Ning
name: Lv, E.
name: Ci, Chunzeng
name: Li, Xiangling
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1.
Empirical comparison of microsatellite and SNP markers to estimate introgression in Apis mellifera mellifera
Creators: name: Parejo, Melanie
name: Henriques, Dora
name: M. Alice Pinto
name: Soland-Reckeweg, Gabriele
name: Neuditschko, Markus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: The genetic identity of the dark European honey bee, Apis mellifera mellifera is currently under pressure throughout most of its native range due to large scale commercial trade and replacement with honey bees of mainly Eastern European ancestry (C-lineage: Apis mellifera carnica and Apis mellifera ligustica). To counteract this process, numerous conservation efforts for the protection of native honey bees are sprouting across Europe. For the management of such protected areas and conservation breeding purposes, honey bee subspecies have been routinely identified through wing morphology and through DNA-hybrid tests using microsatellite markers. Currently, new methods are evolving including rapid innovations in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array technology and high-throughput sequencing. Here, we aim to quantify potential marker-specific biases of hybrid tests and give recommendations for applications in honey bee conservation management. Using an empirical dataset, we first assessed the accuracy of a recently developed reduced SNP panel to estimate C-lineage introgression in A. m. mellifera compared to whole-genome sequence (WGS) data. Using another independent data set, we estimated the differences in admixture proportions between the currently applied hybrid test based on microsatellites and the novel SNP test. We demonstrate that the SNP-based test which contains highly ancestry-informative markers is very efficient to estimate genome-wide ancestry. Furthermore, we report discrepancies between microsatellite and SNP-based admixture proportions. For conservation management, we, therefore, recommend the implementation of SNP-based hybrid tests to maintain high genetic variation within the breeding population, while minimizing influence of introduced honey bees.
COBE-DMR-normalisation for inflationary flat dark matter models
Creators: name: Stompor, R.
name: Gorski, K. M.
name: Banday, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-year COBE-DMR 53 and 90 GHz sky maps, in both galactic and ecliptic coordinates, are used to determine the normalisation of inflationary universe models with a flat global geometry and adiabatic density perturbations. The appropriately normalised cold and mixed dark matter models and cosmological constant dominated, cold dark matter models, computed for a range of values of Omega_b and h, are then compared to various measures of structure in the universe. Critical density CDM models appear to be irreconcilable with observations on both large and small scales simultaneously, whereas MDM models provide a somewhat better fit to the data. Although the COBE-DMR data alone prefer a nearly critical value for the total density, low-density cosmological constant models with Omega_0 greater than or equal to 0.15 can not be rejected at a confidence level exceeding 95%. Such models may also provide a significantly better fit to the matter distribution data than critical density CDM.
description: uuencoded postscript file (complete text and figures). Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Unconstrained Summoning for relativistic quantum information processing
Creators: name: Kent, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We define a summoning task to require propagating an unknown quantum state to a point in space-time belonging to a set determined by classical inputs at points in space-time. We consider the classical analogue, in which a known classical state must be returned at precisely one allowed point. We show that, when the inputs are unconstrained, any summoning task that is possible in the classical case is also possible in the quantum case.
description: Explanatory comments added. Minor typos corrected. Title expanded. Accepted version
PEASANT FARMER ORGANIZATION IN FARMER-FIRST AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN WEST AFRICA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND CONTINUING CONSTRAINTS
Creators: name: Gubbels, P
name: Gubbels, P
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1993
Subjects: Agribusiness
Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: This paper critically assesses the potentials and constraints for strengthening the capacity of peasant farmer organizations (at the community and inter-community level) to undertake agricultural self-development in the wake of recent political changes in West Africa. The paper begins by establishing the need, in theoretical and policy terms, of strong peasant farmer organizations for effective agricultural research and extension programmes in complex, diverse and riskprone environments. It then outlines some of the necessary characteristics of self-supporting, "demand-side" farmer organizations. The historical and current political context of peasant-state relationships within West Africa, which largely determine potentials and constraints, is reviewed. Two case studies of programmes to strengthen peasant farmer organization and promote improved agricultural technology in West Africa, (one within a governmental context, and the other by an NGO) highlight important issues. Based on this analysis, and the author's experience with peasant farmer organization, a number of practical guidelines and conditions for strengthening peasant farmer organization in West Africa are suggested.
Additional file 1: of The Community Health Assessment Program in the Philippines (CHAP-P) diabetes health promotion program for low- to middle-income countries: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Agarwal, Gina
name: Angeles, Ricardo
name: Dolovich, Lisa
name: Kaczorowski, Janusz
name: Gaber, Jessica
name: Guenter, Dale
name: Arnuco, Floro
name: Lam, Hilton
name: Thabane, Lehana
name: OâReilly, Daria
name: Agbulos, Rodelin
name: Arciaga, Rosemarie
name: Barrera, Jerome
name: Gregorio, Elgie
name: Halili, Servando
name: Jalani, Norvie
name: Cristobal, Fortunato
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Consent Form â Community Survey Participant. (DOCX 165 kb)
Spectroscopic Evidence That the Extreme Properties of IRAS F10214+4724 are due to Gravitational Lensing
Creators: name: Serjeant, Stephen
name: Lacy, Mark
name: Rawlings, Steve
name: King, Lindsay
name: Clements, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extreme bolometric luminosity of IRAS F10214+4724, and in particular the huge mass in molecular gas inferred from the CO line fluxes have led to suggestions that this is a giant galaxy in the process of formation. An arc-like structure and the closeness of a second object suggest, however, that gravitational lensing may be responsible for its anomalously high luminosity and mass. In this paper, we use an optical spectrum taken in conditions of 0.7-arcsec seeing to provide further evidence that F10214+4724 is a gravitationally lensed system. We measure tentative redshifts of 0.896 and 0.899 for galaxies projected $\approx 1$ and $\approx 3$ arcsec from IRAS F10214+4724 respectively. Identifying the former as the lensing galaxy we obtain a mass:light ratio consistent with those derived for other lenses, and find that its luminosity is consistent with the velocity dispersion deduced from the radius of the Einstein ring. If lensed, our models suggest magnification by a factor $\sim 10$, and hence an intrinsic bolometric luminosity for F10214+4724 similar to local ULIRGs.
description: 5 pages, uuencoded compressed PostScript, 3 figures included. Accepted for publication in MNRAS pink pages; submitted 1 May 1995
title: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege, Bd. 59 Nr. 3 (2018): Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
title: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Burgen Und Schlösser-Zeitschrift Für Burgenforschung Und Denkmalpflege
Publisher: name: Burgen und Schlösser - Zeitschrift für Burgenforschung und Denkmalpflege
Year: 2018

description: (vorerst nur Inhaltsverzeichnis)
description: Inhalt...129
Additional file 10: of Î˛-blockers and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillationâ a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Xu, Tianyu
name: Huang, Yuli
name: Zhou, Haobin
name: Bai, Yujia
name: Huang, Xingfu
name: Hu, Yunzhao
name: Xu, Dingli
name: Zhang, Yuhui
name: Zhang, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Tests for Publication Bias. (DOCX 16 kb)
EQUILIBRIUM AND EFFICIENCY IN A CANONICAL ASSET MARKET MODEL
Creators: name: Magill, Michael
name: Shafer, Wayne
name: Magill, Michael
name: Shafer, Wayne
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1985
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: We present a general canonical model of simultaneous equilibrium on real and financial markets. The financial assets are real in that they commit to contingent delivery of vectors of real goods. We introduce a regularity condition on the asset structure which intuitively requires that there be enough tradable assets relative to the number of immediately succeeding contingencies at each date-event and establish a general equivalence theorem: generically the equilibrium allocations of a system of asset markets coincide with the equilibrium allocations of a system of Arrow-Debreu contingent markets if and only if the asset structure is regular. It follows from the theorem that Hart's two well-known examples of nonexistence and inefficiency of an asset market equilibrium are in a precise sense exceptional and atypical examples of the asset market model. The model covers a wide variety of financial markets including commodity futures markets and a stock market equilibrium over time.
Canis familiaris subsp. sagax Linnaeus, 1758, subspec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris subsp. sagax

description: Canis familiaris subsp. sagax [subspec. nov.]
auriculis pendulis, digito spurio ad tibias posticas.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 39, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Understanding the potential (and limitations) for avoiding secondary care through management of ambulatory care sensitive conditions
Creators: name: Beales, Stephen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Background and Aim: There is a subset of conditions – Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) – for which emergency admission into secondary care is thought to be avoidable through better primary care. This research aims to: develop a model to predict ACSC-admission rates by GP practice; determine whether ACSC-admission rates are a viable performance metric; identify how much inefficiency exists among practices; and identify interventions that reduce ACSC admissions. Methods: The work uses routine administrative datasets (e.g. HES and Attribution Dataset), linked at the level of the general practice, for all practices in England providing NHS care. It uses techniques including multiple linear regression, corrected ordinary least squares, stochastic frontier analysis and propensity score matching to test its hypotheses. Results: Adjusting for population characteristics (e.g. deprivation and disease prevalence), some QOF indicators and GP patient survey results were associated with lower admissions rates. Aggregating admission rates across more practices improved the accuracy of predicted rates; at average CCG size (33 practices), the 95% confidence interval is ±8.6%. If all GP practices in England became as efficient as those that were top performing, allowing for practices’ population characteristics, there would be a 20.4% reduction in the number of ACSC admissions, based on 2010/11 data. Two interventions were found to lower admission rates. Patient advice and liaison service led to 5.9% fewer admissions for diabetes and 6.5% fewer admissions for hypertension. Information and support for diabetes led to 4.1% fewer admissions for diabetes. Conclusions: Improving the efficiency of practices to best-practice levels would mean 242,143 fewer admissions per year – a £411m annual saving – however a metric for judging practices’ quality based on ACSC-admission rates would need a degree of leniency. Interventions can be found that reduce ACSC admissions and commissioners should consider expanding them. ACSC-impact assessments should be carried out before commissioning such interventions.
ABELL 2163: Temperature, Mass, and Hydrostatic Equilibrium
Creators: name: Markevitch, M.
name: Mushotzky, R.
name: Inoue, H.
name: Yamashita, K.
name: Furuzawa, A.
name: Tawara, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using ASCA data, we have measured the electron temperature in A2163 out to 1.5h^{-1} Mpc (10a_x) from the center, in three radial bins. The temperatures are 12.2+1.9-1.2 keV, 11.5+2.7-2.9 keV and 3.8+1.1-0.9 keV (90%) in the 0-3 a_x (0-3.5'), 3-6 a_x and 6-13 a_x spherical shells, respectively. Applying the hydrostatic equilibrium and spherical symmetry assumptions and using these data together with the Ginga spectral and the Rosat imaging data, we were able to severely limit the possible binding mass distribution of the generic form rho=rho_0 (1+r^2/a_b^2)^{-n/2}. All the allowed binding mass profiles are steeper than the gas density profiles and mass profiles with the same slope as gas are excluded at a greater than 99% confidence. The total mass inside 0.5h^{-1} Mpc is 4.3+-0.5 10^14 h^{-1} Msun, of which 0.074 h^{-3/2} is gas while inside 1.5h^{-1} Mpc the mass is 1.07+-0.13 10^15 h^{-1} Msun. We note that in the cluster outer part, the timescale for electron-ion temperature equlibration is comparable to the merger timescale, so the measured electron temperature may give an underestimate of the gas pressure there. Otherwise, if our low temperature is indeed representative of the gas temperature in the outer shell, the cluster atmosphere should be convectionally unstable and gas turbulence should exist. Bulk motions of the gas are also expected during the merger. Their existense would increase the total gas pressure above that indicated by the observed temperature. Thus, failure of the "gas follows dark matter" model, favored by hydrodynamic simulations, may be due to the neglect of these phenomena, leading to an underestimate of the total density at large radii.
description: 19 pages, 5 postscript figures, uses aaspp.sty. Accepted for ApJ
Accuracy in hip surgery: assessment, consequence and solution
Creators: name: Davda, Kinner
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Hip arthroplasty is the most common and successful surgical treatment for the management of hip osteoarthrosis. However, complications arising from technical error in analysing the native hip, aswell as the position of the hip prosthesis can result in a suboptimal outcome for the patient. This thesis principally examines acetabular component orientation, investigating the use of technology in this critical aspect of hip arthroplasty surgery. In the first study, navigation technology is used to assess the performance of a current cohort of training and senior orthopaedic surgeons in a simulated surgical setting. A wide range of error in orientating an acetabular cup orientation to a target position is demonstrated. The second study seeks to establish a novel method of delineating the femoral neck axis in 3D using a sample of normal hip CT scans. Using such a proximal femoral frame of reference allows a standardised approach to assessing normal and abnormal hip morphology. The articular margin of the femoral head is shown to have a wave like pattern that consists of an anterior and posterior facet. The third study compares 2D and 3D measurements of inclination and version of acetabular components, finding a critical difference between the two in version measurements and that 3D measurements are more reliable. The thesis continues by examining the current methodology of analysing the concentration of cobalt and chromium metal ions in the joint fluid from a cohort of symptomatic patients with a metal on metal hip arthroplasty. A more robust laboratory method of processing fluid samples using a digestive oxidative method is presented. The relationship between concentrations of metal ion levels in joint fluid and several clinical parameters is investigated with no clear association shown, suggesting joint fluid in itself cannot be used as a marker for a failing metal on metal hip. The thesis concludes by comparing navigation technology to conventional ‘freehand’ method in orientating an acetabular component in a group of patients undergoing metal on metal hip resurfacing. The results suggest that navigation technology may substantially improve surgeon error in this task. Technology and three dimensional imaging can play a vital role in improving the accuracy of orientating an acetabular component in hip surgery. It can be employed in the pre-operative stages to assess trainee performance, intra-operatively to reduce surgical error and post operatively to investigate surgeon accuracy on CT imaging.
The impact of inflammation on pregnancy outcomes
Creators: name: Howe, Laura
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: Sepsis is the leading cause of direct maternal mortality in the UK, but also a leading concern worldwide. In the USA, severe maternal sepsis rates and the risk of sepsis-related death have doubled in the last decade. There appears to be an increased susceptibility to, and severity of, infections during pregnancy. However, the mechanisms behind the increased morbidity and mortality are not fully understood. Pregnancy is associated with acute physiological changes in most organ systems, in particular the cardiovascular and immune systems. In this thesis the haemodynamic response to infection and inflammation was investigated. It was hypothesised that there is an altered haemodynamic response to infection mediated by inflammatory pathways, and by targeting signalling pathways within the immune and cardiovascular systems maternal outcomes could be improved. In order to achieve to this, a murine model of endotoxaemia during pregnancy was employed to study the effects of inflammation on maternal haemodynamics, utilising a telemetric technique to monitor physiologic changes. Firstly, this model was used to demonstrate that inflammation in pregnancy can lead to marked hypotension and haemodynamic dysfunction that does not occur in non-pregnant controls. Supplementation with additional progesterone, a key hormone of pregnancy, did not exacerbate this hypotensive effect. Manipulation of the chemokine receptor CCR2 was able to reverse inflammation-induced hypotension in pregnancy, both by genetic knockout and pharmacological inhibition. Manipulation via genetic knockout of DDAH1, a component of the nitric oxide signalling pathway, whilst conferring an initial hypertension did not significantly impact the gestational haemodynamic profile. The marked fall in blood pressure in response to endotoxin may help to explain the greater susceptibility of pregnant women to sepsis. Maternal outcomes may be improved by modulating the immune response.
Additional file 1: of β-blockers and risk of all-cause mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation—a meta-analysis
Creators: name: Xu, Tianyu
name: Huang, Yuli
name: Zhou, Haobin
name: Bai, Yujia
name: Huang, Xingfu
name: Hu, Yunzhao
name: Xu, Dingli
name: Zhang, Yuhui
name: Zhang, Jian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Frost plot of the comparison of β-blockers treatment versus no β-blockers treatment in patients with chronic heart failure and atrial fibrillation, outcomes: cardiovascular mortality. BBs: β-blockers; CI: confidence intervals; SE: standard error. (PDF 212 kb)
A comparison of different cluster mass estimates: consistency or discrepancy ?
Creators: name: Wu, Xiang-Ping
name: Chiueh, Tzihong
name: Fang, Li-Zhi
name: Xue, Yan-Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rich and massive clusters of galaxies at intermediate redshift are capable of magnifying and distorting the images of background galaxies. A comparison of different mass estimators among these clusters can provide useful information about the distribution and composition of cluster matter and their dynamical evolution. Using a hitherto largest sample of lensing clusters drawn from literature, we compare the gravitating masses of clusters derived from the strong/weak gravitational lensing phenomena, from the X-ray measurements based on the assumption of hydrostatic equilibrium, and from the conventional isothermal sphere model for the dark matter profile characterized by the velocity dispersion and core radius of galaxy distributions in clusters. While there is an excellent agreement between the weak lensing, X-ray and isothermal sphere model determined cluster masses, these methods are likely to underestimate the gravitating masses enclosed within the central cores of clusters by a factor of 2--4 as compared with the strong lensing results. Such a mass discrepancy has probably arisen from the inappropriate applications of the weak lensing technique and the hydrostatic equilibrium hypothesis to the central regions of clusters as well as an unreasonably large core radius for both luminous and dark matter profiles. Nevertheless, it is pointed out that these cluster mass estimators may be safely applied on scales greater than the core sizes. Namely, the overall clusters of galaxies at intermediate redshift can still be regarded as the dynamically relaxed systems, in which the velocity dispersion of galaxies and the temperature of X-ray emitting gas are good indicators of the underlying gravitational potentials of clusters.
description: 16 pages with 7 PS figures, MNRAS in press
Theory of attosecond electron dynamics induced by strong XUV and X-ray laser fields
Creators: name: Leeuwenburgh, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis describes interactions between atomic or molecular systems and intense laser fields. Methods for time resolving sub-femtosecond scale Auger-type dynamics in molecules and atoms are discussed. The thesis presents a novel technique for recovering such dynamics by clocking the process with high-harmonic generation. The harmonic generation is driven by an attosecond pump pulse and a long duration, infrared pulse. The technique is then theoretically applied to Auger decay of krypton upon ionisation from the 3d subshell and inner-valence hole dynamics of small molecules. We then examine the extent to which these techniques, which utilise strong fields, can influence the electron dynamics they seek to measure. We describe the coupling between the bound state to a dressed continuum (as opposed to a field-free continuum) and the effect on the Auger decay rate in a sample system is calculated. We then look ahead to possible ways in which the probing strong field may influence the electron dynamics themselves.
Canis familiaris subsp. grajus Linnaeus, 1758, subspec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Canidae
Canis
Canis familiaris
Canis familiaris subsp. grajus

description: Canis familiaris subsp. grajus [subspec. nov.]
magnitudine lupi, trunco curvato, rostro attenuato. Canis scoticus venaticus. Gesn. quadr. 249. Aldr. 545.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 39, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Coscattering/Coannihilation Dark Matter in a Fraternal Twin Higgs Model
Creators: name: Cheng, Hsin-Chia
name: Li, Lingfeng
name: Zheng, Rui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter candidates arise naturally in many models that address the hierarchy problem. In the fraternal twin Higgs model which could explain the absence of the new physics signals at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), there are several viable dark matter candidates. In this paper we study the twin neutrino in the mass range $\sim$ 0.1--10 GeV as the dark matter. The thermal relic density is determined by the interplay of several annihilation and scattering processes between the twin neutrino, twin tau, and twin photon, depending on the order of the freeze-out temperatures of these processes. Besides the common coannihilation scenario where the relic density is controlled by the twin tau annihilation, it can realize the recently discovered coscattering phase if the scattering of the twin neutrino into the twin tau freezes out earlier than the twin tau annihilation. We also provide a method to calculate the thermal relic density in the intermediate regime where both coannihilation and coscattering processes contribute to the determination of the dark matter density. We show that the right amount of dark matter can be obtained in various scenarios in different regions of the parameter space. The current experimental constraints and future probes into the parameter space from direct detections, cosmological and astrophysical bounds, dark photon searches, and displaced decays at colliders, are discussed.
description: 36 pages, 16 figures
Plause: A Design Probe for Collective Futuring of Work
Creators: name: Sahasrabuddhe, Sanika
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 120304 Digital and Interaction Design
subject: FOS: Arts (arts, history of arts, performing arts, music)

description: The COVID-19 pandemic gave us a glimpse of the future of work, fundamentally changing several professions. For restaurants and cafe workers in the service industry, that glimpse of the future had a disproportionate impact. These places of gathering, landmarks of a street shut down for months, unable to navigate change. What is at stake forprecarious workers is that many of these jobs might not come back even after the pandemic subsides. How do workers sense change at their workplaces? Can anticipating a multitude of changes enable them to initiate conversations to collectively imagine desirable futures of work? During 2020-21, I conducted contextual inquiries to learn about workers’ hopes, fears, and images of a preferred future and how much of a sense of agency they feel in driving change. The lived experiences of first, workers who lost their jobsduring the pandemic and second, with restaurant workers, directed me to crafting a design probe called Plause. In this thesis, I describe my research leading to Plause’s development. Plause is a game or design method designed to be a futuring tool; it resolves to include the voice of workers in discussions about the future of work andwhere it is heading. Plause facilitates an idea base for policy researchers to pull from. It facilitates meaningful conversations, for collective visioning about the future of work with groups of employees. These ideas that encodethe lived experience can provide seeds to inspire organizational or policy change. The game has four key elements: values, trends, change and encounter. It urges players to reflect on the values that drive them to work,imagine trends and change that may emerge in the future and generate hypothetical encounters in the context of these trends and changes to shape equitable policies to mitigate unforeseen change.
Gravitational Rainbows: LIGO and Dark Energy at its Cutoff
Creators: name: de Rham, Claudia
name: Melville, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent direct detection of a neutron star merger with optical counterpart has been used to severely constrain models of dark energy that typically predict a modification of the speed of gravitational waves. We point out that the energy scales observed at LIGO, and the particular frequency of the neutron star event, lie very close to the strong coupling scale or cutoff associated with many dark energy models. While it is true that at very low energies one expects gravitational waves to travel at a speed different than light in these models, the same is no longer necessarily true as one reaches energy scales close to the cutoff. We show explicitly how this occurs in a simple model with a known partial UV completion. Within the context of Horndeski, we show how the operators that naturally lie at the cutoff scale can affect the speed of propagation of gravitational waves and bring it back to unity at those scales. We discuss how further missions including LISA and PTAs could play an essential role in testing such models.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, small edits and references added
Empirical comparison of microsatellite and SNP markers to estimate introgression in Apis mellifera mellifera
Creators: name: Parejo, Melanie
name: Henriques, Dora
name: M. Alice Pinto
name: Soland-Reckeweg, Gabriele
name: Neuditschko, Markus
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: The genetic identity of the dark European honey bee, Apis mellifera mellifera is currently under pressure throughout most of its native range due to large scale commercial trade and replacement with honey bees of mainly Eastern European ancestry (C-lineage: Apis mellifera carnica and Apis mellifera ligustica). To counteract this process, numerous conservation efforts for the protection of native honey bees are sprouting across Europe. For the management of such protected areas and conservation breeding purposes, honey bee subspecies have been routinely identified through wing morphology and through DNA-hybrid tests using microsatellite markers. Currently, new methods are evolving including rapid innovations in single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array technology and high-throughput sequencing. Here, we aim to quantify potential marker-specific biases of hybrid tests and give recommendations for applications in honey bee conservation management. Using an empirical dataset, we first assessed the accuracy of a recently developed reduced SNP panel to estimate C-lineage introgression in A. m. mellifera compared to whole-genome sequence (WGS) data. Using another independent data set, we estimated the differences in admixture proportions between the currently applied hybrid test based on microsatellites and the novel SNP test. We demonstrate that the SNP-based test which contains highly ancestry-informative markers is very efficient to estimate genome-wide ancestry. Furthermore, we report discrepancies between microsatellite and SNP-based admixture proportions. For conservation management, we, therefore, recommend the implementation of SNP-based hybrid tests to maintain high genetic variation within the breeding population, while minimizing influence of introduced honey bees.
Open Cold Dark Matter Models
Creators: name: Liddle, Andrew R
name: Lyth, David H
name: Roberts, David
name: Viana, Pedro P T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent developments in inflationary cosmology indicating the possibility of obtaining genuinely open universes in some models, we compare the predictions of cold dark matter (CDM) models in open universes with a variety of observational information. The spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation is taken to be scale invariant (spectral index $n=1$), corresponding to a flat inflationary potential. We allow arbitrary variation of the density parameter $Ω_0$ and the Hubble parameter $h$, and take full account of the baryon content assuming standard nucleosynthesis. We normalize the power spectrum using the recent analysis of the two year {\it COBE} DMR data by Górski et al. We then consider a variety of observations, namely the galaxy correlation function, bulk flows, the abundance of galaxy clusters and the abundance of damped Lyman alpha systems. For the last two of these, we provide a new treatment appropriate to open universes. We find that, if one allows an arbitrary $h$, then a good fit is available for any $Ω_0$ greater than 0.35, though for $Ω_0$ close to 1 the required $h$ is alarmingly low. Models with $Ω_0 < 0.35$ seem unable to fit observations while keeping the universe over $10$ Gyr old; this limit is somewhat higher than that appearing in the literature thus far. If one assumes a value of $h > 0.6$, as favoured by recent measurements, concordance with the data is only possible for the narrow range $0.35 < Ω_0 < 0.55$. We have also investigated $n \neq 1$; the extra freedom naturally widens the allowed parameter region. Assuming a range $0.9 0.6$ is at most $0.30 < Ω_0 < 0.60$.
description: 12 pages, uuencoded package containing LaTeX file (using mn.sty) plus 4 postscript figures incorporated using epsf. Main change is an improved cluster abundance calculation. Overall conclusions almost unchanged though. Also two equations corrected, references updated etc. Final version, to appear MNRAS