cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Learning a Structural Causal Model for Intuition Reasoning in Conversation
Creators: name: Chen, Hang
name: Liao, Bingyu
name: Luo, Jing
name: Zhu, Wenjing
name: Yang, Xinyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Reasoning, a crucial aspect of NLP research, has not been adequately addressed by prevailing models including Large Language Model. Conversation reasoning, as a critical component of it, remains largely unexplored due to the absence of a well-designed cognitive model. In this paper, inspired by intuition theory on conversation cognition, we develop a conversation cognitive model (CCM) that explains how each utterance receives and activates channels of information recursively. Besides, we algebraically transformed CCM into a structural causal model (SCM) under some mild assumptions, rendering it compatible with various causal discovery methods. We further propose a probabilistic implementation of the SCM for utterance-level relation reasoning. By leveraging variational inference, it explores substitutes for implicit causes, addresses the issue of their unobservability, and reconstructs the causal representations of utterances through the evidence lower bounds. Moreover, we constructed synthetic and simulated datasets incorporating implicit causes and complete cause labels, alleviating the current situation where all available datasets are implicit-causes-agnostic. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method significantly outperforms existing methods on synthetic, simulated, and real-world datasets. Finally, we analyze the performance of CCM under latent confounders and propose theoretical ideas for addressing this currently unresolved issue.
VLT/SPHERE survey for exoplanets around young, early-type stars including systems with multi-belt architectures
Creators: name: Lombart, M.
name: Chauvin, G.
name: Rojo, P.
name: Lagadec, E.
name: Delorme, P.
name: Beust, H.
name: Bonnefoy, M.
name: Galicher, R.
name: Gratton, R.
name: Mesa, D.
name: Bonavita, M.
name: Allard, F.
name: Bayo, A.
name: Boccaletti, A.
name: Desidera, S.
name: Girard, J.
name: Jenkins, J. S.
name: Klahr, H.
name: Laibe, G.
name: Lagrange, A. -M.
name: Lazzoni, C.
name: Marleau, G. -D.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Mordasini, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dusty debris disks around pre- and main-sequence stars are potential signposts for the existence of planetesimals and exoplanets. Giant planet formation is therefore expected to play a key role in the evolution of the disk. This is indirectly confirmed by extant sub-millimeter near-infrared images of young protoplanetary and cool dusty debris disks around main sequence stars usually showing substantial spatial structures. A majority of recent discoveries of imaged giant planets have been obtained around young, early-type stars hosting a circumstellar disk. In this context, we have carried out a direct imaging program designed to maximize our chances of giant planet discovery and targeting twenty-two young, early-type stars. About half of them show indication of multi-belt architectures. Using the IRDIS dual-band imager and the IFS integral field spectrograph of SPHERE to acquire high-constrast coronagraphic differential near-infrared images, we have conducted a systematic search in the close environment of these young, dusty and early-type stars. We confirmed that companions detected around HIP 34276, HIP 101800 and HIP 117452 are stationary background sources and binary companions. The companion candidates around HIP 8832, HIP 16095 and HIP 95619 are determined as background contamination. For stars for which we infer the presence of debris belts, a theoretical minimum mass for planets required to clear the debris gaps can be calculated . The dynamical mass limit is at least $0.1 M_J$ and can exceed $1 M_J$. Direct imaging data is typically sensitive to planets down to $\sim 3.6 M_J$ at 1 $''$, and $1.7 M_J$ in the best case. These two limits tightly constrain the possible planetary systems present around each target. These systems will be probably detectable with the next generation of planet imagers.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. 12 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 1 of School-based healthy eating interventions for adolescents aged 10–19 years: an umbrella review
Creators: name: Samad, Nandeeta
name: Bearne, Lindsay
name: Noor, Farha Musharrat
name: Akter, Fahmida
name: Parmar, Divya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 1
Magnetized Topological Insulator Multilayers
Creators: name: Lei, Chao
name: Chen, Shu
name: MacDonald, Allan H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the magnetic and topological properties of bulk crystals and quasi-two-dimensional thin films formed by stacking intrinsic magnetized topological insulator ( for example Mn(Sb$_{x}$Bi$_{1-x}$)$_2$X$_4$ with X = Se,Te, including MnBi$_2$Te$_4$) septuple layers and topological insulator quintuple layers in arbitrary order. Our analysis makes use of a simplified model that retains only Dirac-cone degrees of freedom on both surfaces of each septuple or quintuple layer. We demonstrate the model's applicability and estimate its parameters by comparing with {\it ab initio } density-functional-theory(DFT) calculations. We then employ the coupled Dirac cone model to provide an explanation for the dependence of thin-film properties, particularly the presence or absence of the quantum anomalous Hall effect, on film thickness, magnetic configuration, and stacking arrangement, and to comment on the design of Weyl superlattices.
description: 7+10 pages, 13 figures
Pentaquark $Θ^+$ in nuclear matter and $Θ^+$ hypernuclei
Creators: name: Shen, H.
name: Toki, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of the $Θ^+$ in nuclear matter and $Θ^+$ hypernuclei within the quark mean-field (QMF) model, which has been successfully used for the description of ordinary nuclei and $Λ$ hypernuclei. With the assumption that the non-strange mesons couple only to the $u$ and $d$ quarks inside baryons, a sizable attractive potential of the $Θ^+$ in nuclear matter is achieved as a consequence of the cancellation between the attractive scalar potential and the repulsive vector potential. We investigate the $Θ^+$ single-particle energies in light, medium, and heavy nuclei. More bound states are obtained in $Θ^+$ hypernuclei in comparison with those in $Λ$ hypernuclei.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Strength of the $Σ$ Single-Particle Potential in Nuclei From Semiclassical Distorted Wave Model Analysis of $(π^-,K^+)$ Inclusive Spectrum
Creators: name: Kohno, M.
name: Fujiwara, Y.
name: Watanabe, Y.
name: Ogata, K.
name: Kawai, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Semiclassical distorted wave model is developed to describe $(π^-,K^+)$ inclusive spectra related to $Σ^-$-formation measured at KEK with $p_π=1.2$ GeV/c. The shape and magnitude of the spectrum on $^{28}$Si target are satisfactorily reproduced by a repulsive $Σ$-nucleus potential, the strength of which is of the order of 30$\sim$50 MeV. This strength is not so strong as more than 100 MeV suggested by the estimation presented in the report of the experiment.
description: 6 pages, to be published in Prog. Theor. Phys
Multi-source adversarial transfer learning for ultrasound image segmentation with limited similarity
Creators: name: Zhang, Yifu
name: Li, Hongru
name: Yang, Tao
name: Tao, Rui
name: Liu, Zhengyuan
name: Shi, Shimeng
name: Zhang, Jiansong
name: Ma, Ning
name: Feng, Wujin
name: Zhang, Zhanhu
name: Zhang, Xinyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Lesion segmentation of ultrasound medical images based on deep learning techniques is a widely used method for diagnosing diseases. Although there is a large amount of ultrasound image data in medical centers and other places, labeled ultrasound datasets are a scarce resource, and it is likely that no datasets are available for new tissues/organs. Transfer learning provides the possibility to solve this problem, but there are too many features in natural images that are not related to the target domain. As a source domain, redundant features that are not conducive to the task will be extracted. Migration between ultrasound images can avoid this problem, but there are few types of public datasets, and it is difficult to find sufficiently similar source domains. Compared with natural images, ultrasound images have less information, and there are fewer transferable features between different ultrasound images, which may cause negative transfer. To this end, a multi-source adversarial transfer learning network for ultrasound image segmentation is proposed. Specifically, to address the lack of annotations, the idea of adversarial transfer learning is used to adaptively extract common features between a certain pair of source and target domains, which provides the possibility to utilize unlabeled ultrasound data. To alleviate the lack of knowledge in a single source domain, multi-source transfer learning is adopted to fuse knowledge from multiple source domains. In order to ensure the effectiveness of the fusion and maximize the use of precious data, a multi-source domain independent strategy is also proposed to improve the estimation of the target domain data distribution, which further increases the learning ability of the multi-source adversarial migration learning network in multiple domains.
description: Submitted to Applied Soft Computing Journal
Semiclassical Time Evolution of the Holes from Luttinger Hamiltonian
Creators: name: Jiang, Z. F.
name: Li, R. D.
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
name: Liu, W. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the semi-classical motion of holes by exact numerical solution of the Luttinger model. The trajectories obtained for the heavy and light holes agree well with the higher order corrections to the abelian and the non-abelian adiabatic theories in Ref. [1] [S. Murakami et al., Science 301, 1378(2003)], respectively. It is found that the hole trajectories contain rapid oscillations reminiscent of the "Zitterbewegung" of relativistic electrons. We also comment on the non-conservation of helicity of the light holes.
description: 4 pages, 5 fugures
Efficiency of Production Factors and Financial Performance of Agricultural Enterprises
Creators: name: Novotná, Martina
name: Volek, Tomáš
name: Novotná, Martina
name: Volek, Tomáš
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Production Economics
subject: Labour productivity
subject: fixed assets
subject: agriculture
subject: enterprises

description: This article deals with the relationship between efficiency of use of the production factors in agricultural enterprises in Czech Republic and their financial performance. The aim of the article is to define common economic features of agricultural enterprises which labour productivity has been growing for a long time and, at the same time; they have been increasing value of their fixed assets (investing). The analysis was focused on 1098 agricultural enterprises classified according to the European Commission as micro, small and medium enterprises. The analysis showed that above-average agricultural enterprises (high growth of labour productivity and fixed assets), regardless of their size, have higher profitability indicators, higher indebtedness and lower quick ratio. Summarizing the results of the analysis of individual size classes, it can be said that the smaller size class, the bigger difference.
A systematic study on the exact solution of the position dependent mass Schroedinger equation
Creators: name: Koc, Ramazan
name: Koca, Mehmet
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An algebraic method of constructing potentials for which the Schroedinger equation with position dependent mass can be solved exactly is presented. A general form of the generators of su(1,1) algebra has been employed with a unified approach to the problem. Our systematic approach reproduces a number of earlier results and also leads to some novelties. We show that the solutions of the Schroedinger equation with position dependent mass are free from the choice of parameters for position dependent mass. Two classes of potentials are constructed that include almost all exactly solvable potentials.
An Improved Two-Particle Self-Consistent Approach
Creators: name: Gauvin-Ndiaye, C.
name: Lahaie, C.
name: Vilk, Y. M.
name: Tremblay, A. -M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-particle self-consistent approach (TPSC) is a method for the one-band Hubbard model that can be both numerically efficient and reliable. However, TPSC fails to yield physical results deep in the renormalized classical regime of the bidimensional Hubbard model where the spin correlation length becomes exponentially large. We address the limitations of TPSC with improved approaches that we call TPSC+ and TPSC+SFM. In this work, we show that these improved methods satisfy the Mermin-Wagner theorem and the Pauli principle. We also show that they are valid in the renormalized classical regime of the 2D Hubbard model, where they recover a generalized Stoner criterion at zero temperature in the antiferromagnetic phase. We discuss some limitations of the TPSC+ approach with regards to the violation of the f-sum rule and conservation laws, which are solved within the TPSC+SFM framework. Finally, we benchmark the TPSC+ and TPSC+SFM approaches for the one-band Hubbard model in two dimensions and show how they have an overall better agreement with available diagrammatic Monte Carlo results than the original TPSC approach.
Measuring Turbidity of Water Based Photo Voltaic Cell and Laser Light.pdf
Creators: name: Mosbah, Yousef
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Engineering
subject: 99902 Engineering Instrumentation
subject: FOS: Other engineering and technologies
subject: 90899 Food Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: this paper presents on the design and development of laser beam to measure turbidity of water and liquids. The method is done by applying laser beam on three samples (pure water, water with some milk and water with some juice), and measuring the residual of laser beam which penetrated through the sample
Everettian relative states in the Heisenberg picture
Creators: name: Kuypers, Samuel
name: Deutsch, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Everett's relative-state construction in quantum theory has never been satisfactorily expressed in the Heisenberg picture. What one might have expected to be a straightforward process was impeded by conceptual and technical problems that we solve here. The result is a construction which, unlike Everett's one in the Schrödinger picture, makes manifest the locality of Everettian multiplicity, and its inherently approximative nature, and its origin in certain kinds of entanglement and locally inaccessible information. Our construction also allows us to give a more precise definition of an Everett 'universe', under which it is fully quantum, not quasi-classical, and we compare the Everettian decomposition of a quantum state with the foliation of a spacetime.
Italian Trade Specialization: Persistence and Change in Regional Agri-Food Production
Creators: name: Platania, Marco
name: Rapisarda, P.
name: Rizzo, M.
name: Platania, Marco
name: Rapisarda, P.
name: Rizzo, M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Agricultural trade. Lafay Index. Comparative advantage. Regional specialization

description: The Italian agri-food sector has traditionally been one of the strongest in the national socio-economic system. In the last ten years, commercial exchange trends have shown growing openness towards foreign countries and in particular to European Union (EU) countries. Both the primary sector and food industry are strongly influenced by their territorial location so much so that several authors have highlighted territorial specialisation and its effects on that territory’s features also considering the contribution of the Italian Regions. The following work will analyse the patterns of agri-food specialisation in the Italian Regions. In particular, the Lafay Index will be used to evaluate competitive advantage at a Regional level.
Additional file 2 of School-based healthy eating interventions for adolescents aged 10–19 years: an umbrella review
Creators: name: Samad, Nandeeta
name: Bearne, Lindsay
name: Noor, Farha Musharrat
name: Akter, Fahmida
name: Parmar, Divya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Material 2
Reply to "Comment on 'Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage from an atomic to a molecular Bose-Einstein condensate'"
Creators: name: Drummond, P. D.
name: Kheruntsyan, K. V.
name: Heinzen, D. J.
name: Wynar, R. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the Comment by M. Mackie \textit{et al.} [arXiv: physics/0212111 v.4], the authors suggest that the molecular conversion efficiency in atom-molecule STIRAP can be improved by lowering the initial atomic density, which in turn requires longer pulse durations to maintain adiabaticity. Apart from the fact that the mean-field approximation becomes questionable at low densities, we point out that a low-density strategy with longer pulses has several problems. It generally requires higher pulse energies, and increases radiative losses. We also show that even within the approximations used in the Comment, their example leads to no efficiency improvement compared to our high-density case. In a more careful analysis including radiative losses neglected in the Comment, the proposed strategy gives almost no conversion owing to the longer pulse durations required.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. A
Local comparisons of homological and homotopical mixed Hodge polynomials
Creators: name: Yokura, Shoji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For a simply connected complex algebraic variey $X$, by the mixed Hodge structures $(W_{\bullet}, F^{\bullet})$ and $(\tilde W_{\bullet}, \tilde F^{\bullet})$ of the homology group $H_{*}(X;\mathbb Q)$ and the homotopy groups $π_{*}(X)\otimes \mathbb Q$ respectively, we have the following mixed Hodge polynomials $$MH_X(t,u,v):= \sum_{k,p,q} \operatorname{dim} \Bigl ( Gr_{F^{\bullet}}^{p} Gr^{W_{\bullet}}_{p+q} H_k (X;\mathbb C) \Bigr) t^{k} u^{-p} v^{-q},$$ $$\quad \, \, MH^π_X(t,u,v):= \sum_{k,p,q} \operatorname{dim} \Bigl (Gr_{\tilde F^{\bullet}}^{p} Gr^{\tilde W_{\bullet}}_{p+q} (π_k(X) \otimes \mathbb C) \Bigr ) t^ku^{-p} v^{-q},$$ which are respectively called \emph{the homological mixed Hodge polynomial} and \emph{the homotopical mixed Hodge polynomial}. In this paper we discuss some inequalities concerning these two mixed Hodge polynomials.
description: any comments are welcome, to appear in Proc. Japan Acad
title: Low frequency noise level study assessment in Vienna
Creators: name: Vanca, Mihai
Publisher: name: TU Wien
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Noise pollution
subject: Environmental Noise Directive
subject: Sound frequency spectrum
subject: Noise rating
subject: Spatial sound distribution
subject: Waveform description

description: Vorliegender Beitrag berichtet über die Ergebnisse von Schallpegelmessungen an einer Reihe von Standorten in der Stadt Wien, Österreich. Primäres Ziel war es herauszufinden, inwieweit die Messergebnisse mit entsprechenden Informationen in der E.N.D. (Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC) Karten übereinstimmen. Darüber hinaus wurde die Beziehung zwischen dem niederfrequenten Segment der akustischen Exposition gegenüber den Breitbanddaten untersucht. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf den Verkehr als Hauptquelle der städtischen Lärmexposition hin. END-Karten bieten die Möglichkeit sich einen aufschlussreichen. Überblick über die städtischen Lärmverhältnisse zu verschaffen. Das Messergebnis einzelner Standorte kann jedoch erheblich von END Daten abweichen. Nummerische Werte des niederfrequenten Schallpegelbereichs wurden im allgemeinen höher als die des breiten Frequenzniveaus eingeschifft. Die Ergebnisse zeigten auch eine starke Korrelation zwischen messbasierten L50 und NR Werten.
description: This present contribution reports on the results of sound level measurements in a number of locations in the city of Vienna, Austria. Thereby, a primary objective was to determine the degree to which the measurement results agree with corresponding information in the E.N.D. (Environmental Noise Directive 2002/49/EC) maps. Moreover, the relationship between the low-frequency segment of the acoustical exposure to the broad-band data was investigated. The results point to traffic as the main source of urban noise exposure. END maps appear to provide a reasonable general overview of the urban noise circumstances. However, measurement result at individual locations can considerably deviated from END data. Numeric values of low-frequency sound level range were found to be generally higher than those of the broad-frequency levels. The results revealed also a strong correlation between measurement-based L50 and NR values.
Evaluation of the Effect of Subsidies on the Production Capability of Land in Selected Regions of the Czech Republic
Creators: name: Pletichová, Dobroslava
name: Gebeltová, Zdeňka
name: Pletichová, Dobroslava
name: Gebeltová, Zdeňka
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Agricultural land fund
subject: Bonited Soil-Ecological Units /BSEU/
subject: soil degradation
subject: sustainable agriculture
subject: Rural Development Program
subject: greening
subject: public goods

description: A decline in the production capability of land affects the creation of farmers’ revenues, the effective utilization of agricultural land, its qualitative and quantitative degradation, as well as the competitiveness of Czech agriculture. The results of the IAEI Prague research show that the annual economic loss due to a decline in the quality of land in the Czech Republic within the analyzed period of the years 2009-2012 is approximately CZK 385 mil. (MoA, 2012a). The aim of the article is to evaluate the potential connections between the change in the quality of land and selected subsidies that should primarily be affecting the effective utilization of agricultural land and the continual sustainability of its production capability. In the research, the methods of correlation and comparison were used. The relationship between the amount of paid subsidies (SAPS+TNA, AEM, LFA) and after changing the production ability of soils (difference GARE) was not confirmed. A statistically significant relationship was found only in the subsidies NATURE 2000.
Resampling schemes in population annealing: Numerical and theoretical results
Creators: name: Gessert, Denis
name: Janke, Wolfhard
name: Weigel, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The population annealing algorithm is a population-based equilibrium version of simulated annealing. It can sample thermodynamic systems with rough free-energy landscapes more efficiently than standard Markov chain Monte Carlo alone. A number of parameters can be fine-tuned to improve the performance of the population annealing algorithm. While there is some numerical and theoretical work on most of these parameters, there appears to be a gap in the literature concerning the role of resampling in population annealing which this work attempts to close. The two-dimensional Ising model is used as a benchmarking system for this study. At first various resampling methods are implemented and numerically compared. In a second part the exact solution of the Ising model is utilized to create an artificial population annealing setting with effectively infinite Monte Carlo updates at each temperature. This limit is first performed on finite population sizes and subsequently extended to infinite populations. This allows us to look at resampling isolated from other parameters. Many results are expected to generalize to other systems.
description: 24 pages, 19 figures, version as published
Value Proposition Canvas: Identification of Pains, Gains and Customer Jobs at Farmers' Markets
Creators: name: Pokorná, Jitka
name: Pilař, L.
name: Balcarová, T.
name: Sergeeva, I.
name: Pokorná, Jitka
name: Pilař, L.
name: Balcarová, T.
name: Sergeeva, I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Business model
subject: value proposition canvas
subject: customer's value
subject: farmers' markets
subject: fresh food
subject: agribusiness

description: The goal of the research is to identify the factors of business model that form Value Proposition of farmers' market customers in the areas of (1) Products/Services, (2) Gain Creators and (3) Pain Relievers. The examined factor areas are based on the creation of a Value Proposition Canvas. Primary data were acquired through the method of questionnaire survey with 217 customers shopping at the farmer's market. The questionnaire was distributed in person. The most important Customer Jobs are identified as stocking up on fresh and healthy food and feeling good about the purchases; the most important Gain Creators are fresh and healthy food and the most important Pains are higher prices and inconvenient opening hours. Its results are five general recommendations for market sellers and organizers. It was also found that farmers' market customers made personal benefits a greater priority, much more than factors with a wider social scope.
Identification of rare missense mutations in NOTCH2 and HERC2 associated with familial central precocious puberty via whole-exome sequencing
Creators: name: Lee, Hae Sang
name: Hwal Rim Jeong
name: Rho, Jung Gi
name: Kum, Chang Dae
name: Kim, Kyung Hee
name: Kim, Do Wan
name: Cheong, Jae Youn
name: Seon-Yong Jeong
name: Hwang, Jin Soon
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Objective: Genetic factors play a critical role in pubertal progression; however, mutations associated with central precocious puberty (CPP) have been reported only in four genes: KISS1, KISS1R, DLK1, and MKRN3. This study aimed to identify novel, potentially pathogenic variants in patients with familial CPP via whole-exome sequencing (WES). Methods: WES analysis was applied in 28 patients (25 girls and three boys) belonging to 14 families, wherein all siblings were diagnosed with CPP. Data analysis aimed to select only very rare variants (minor allele frequency <1%). Nonsense, splice-site, and frameshift variants were considered the most ideal candidate variants. Additionally, non-synonymous missense variants predicted as being deleterious using in silico analysis tools were further considered. Results: The analysis of exome sequencing data resulted in the identification of rare mutations in two promising candidate genes (NOTCH2 and HERC2) in a family. Siblings with CPP exhibited two heterozygous missense mutations (p. Leu15Phe in NOTCH2 and p. Arg4081His in HERC2). Moreover, their parents without history of CPP had a missense variant in either NOTCH2 or HERC2. Conclusions: We identified new candidate genes with potential roles in pubertal development. Digenic inheritance of the two genetic mutations associated with the Notch signaling pathway may have a synergistic effect resulting in CPP.
The MOSDEF-LRIS Survey: The Connection Between Massive Stars and Ionized Gas in Individual Galaxies at $z\sim2$
Creators: name: Topping, Michael W.
name: Shapley, Alice E.
name: Reddy, Naveen A.
name: Sanders, Ryan L.
name: Coil, Alison L.
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Mobasher, Bahram
name: Siana, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present constraints on the massive star and ionized gas properties for a sample of 62 star-forming galaxies at $z\sim2.3$. Using BPASS stellar population models, we fit the rest-UV spectra of galaxies in our sample to estimate age and stellar metallicity which, in turn, determine the ionizing spectrum. In addition to the median properties of well-defined subsets of our sample, we derive the ages and stellar metallicities for 30 high-SNR individual galaxies -- the largest sample of individual galaxies at high redshift with such measurements. Most galaxies in this high-SNR subsample have stellar metallicities of $0.001
description: 16 pages, 12 figures, accepted to MNRAS
Distinguishing thermal histories of dark matter from structure formation
Creators: name: Huang, Fei
name: Li, Yuan-Zhen
name: Yu, Jiang-Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is important to understand the implications of current observational constraints and potential signatures on the thermal history of dark matter. In this paper, we build the connection between the present-day velocities and the production mechanism of dark matter and find that the current observation on structure formation can be imposed to constrain the decoupling temperatures and the phase-space distribution of dark matter. We further explore the potential of distinguishing different possible thermal histories of dark matter with hypothetical future observational data. Using the freeze-in/-out scenarios as templates, we find that future precision data may uniquely identify the allowed parameter spaces for freeze-in and freeze-out, or even completely rule out one of the scenarios. This method can be more generally applied to other scenarios.
description: 48 pages, 14 figures, 1 table, to match the published version
Wide band X-ray Imager (WXI) and Soft Gamma-ray Detector (SGD) for the NeXT Mission
Creators: name: Takahashi, T.
name: Awaki, A.
name: Dotani, T.
name: Fukazawa, Y.
name: Hayashida, K.
name: Kamae, T.
name: Kataoka, J.
name: Kawai, N.
name: Kitamoto, S.
name: Kohmura, T.
name: Kokubun, M.
name: Koyama, K.
name: Makishima, K.
name: Matsumoto, H.
name: Miyata, E.
name: Murakami, T.
name: Nakazawa, K.
name: Momachi, M.
name: Ozaki, M.
name: Tajima, H.
name: Tashiro, M.
name: Tamagawa, T.
name: Terada, Y.
name: Tsunemi, H.
name: Tsuru, T.
name: Yamaoka, K.
name: Yonetoku, D.
name: Yoshida, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NeXT mission has been proposed to study high-energy non-thermal phenomena in the universe. The high-energy response of the super mirror will enable us to perform the first sensitive imaging observations up to 80 keV. The focal plane detector, which combines a fully depleted X-ray CCD and a pixellated CdTe detector, will provide spectra and images in the wide energy range from 0.5 keV to 80 keV. In the soft gamma-ray band up to ~1 MeV, a narrow field-of-view Compton gamma-ray telescope utilizing several tens of layers of thin Si or CdTe detector will provide precise spectra with much higher sensitivity than present instruments. The continuum sensitivity will reach several times 10^(-8) photons/s/keV/cm^(2) in the hard X-ray region and a few times10^(-7) photons/s/keV/cm^(2) in the soft gamma-ray region.
description: 12 pages, 13 figures, to be published in the SPIE proceedings 5488, typo corrected in sec.3
EU Quota Sugar Market Concentration – the Main Drivers of EU Sugar Market
Creators: name: Řezbová, Helena
name: Maitah, M.
name: Sergienko, O. I.
name: Řezbová, Helena
name: Maitah, M.
name: Sergienko, O. I.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Production Economics
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Sugar production
subject: sugar quota system
subject: quota distribution
subject: sugar market
subject: EU market

description: The European sugar market is changing its character. During the last two decades its concentration changed and individual countries and companies have been preparing themselves for the end of sugar production quotas system. The level of competition within the EU sugar market is accelerating. Many companies already left the EU market or significantly reduced their production capacities. The main task of this material is to analyse the EU sugar market and especially sugar quotas character and to specify the current EU sugar production structures existing under the sugar quotas system. The paper is also identifying individual drivers/actors operating under the sugar quota system. The idea is to identify the level of EU sugar market concentration through the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI). The results coming from the analyses provides the overview of very specific character of the European sugar production quota system. However the market is operated by many companies and alliances, its production capacity are extremely concentrated. The majority of sugar plants are located in Germany, France, Poland and the majority of sugar quotas are controlled by companies headquartered in Germany, France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. In nowadays - the sugar quota system in the European Union is operated/controlled by only a few very powerful operators: Südzucker, Nordzucker, Tereos, ABF, Pfeifer & Langen, Royal Cosun and Cristal Union. This paper was supported by the Grant Agency at the Faculty of Economics and Management, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague: The selected aspects of economy sanctions and their impact on mutual trade between EU and Russia [nr. 20151031].
Observations of the flow of a semi-dilute fibre suspension through a sudden expansion using positron emission tomography
Creators: name: Heath, Stuart James
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The motion of ¹⁸F radioactively labeled papermaking fibres flowing through an axisymmetric 1:5 sudden expansion has been studied using positron emission tomography (PET). Various length fractions of a mechanical pulp were radioactively labeled and then introduced into a non-radioactive aqueous 0.4 wt. % (consistency) wood pulp suspension. Fully three-dimensional images were reconstructed both upstream and downstream of the expansion plane for cases in which the upstream velocity U was set from 0.5 to 0.9 m/s (an approximate Reynolds number range of 7,000 to 13,000). Two distinct flow regimes were clearly identified. With U [approx.] 0.5 m/s we find that the fibre suspension was not fluidized and the tracer fibres passed through the expansion as a plug. No mixing was observed between the confined central jet and the static outer region. At larger velocities, we observed that the suspension was fully fluidized. Our results in this regime indicate that albeit fluidized, concentration in homogeneities were evident. We find that a particle depletion zone was evident between the central jet and the recirculating zone resulting from the inlet concentration profile formed in the upstream tube. Particle accumulation was observed in the vortices. No significant differences were observed between the different length tracer fibres.
Replicating Nanostructures on Silicon by Low Energy Ion Beams
Creators: name: Satpati, B.
name: Dev, B. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a nanoscale patterning method on Si substrates using self-assembled metal islands and low-energy ion-beam irradiation. The Si nanostructures produced on the Si substrate have a one-to-one correspondence with the self-assembled metal (Ag, Au, Pt) nanoislands initially grown on the substrate. The surface morphology and the structure of the irradiated surface were studied by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). TEM images of ion-beam irradiated samples show the formation of sawtooth-like structures on Si. Removing metal islands and the ion-beam induced amorphous Si by etching, we obtain a crystalline nanostructure of Si. The smallest structures emit red light when exposed to a UV light. The size of the nanostructures on Si is governed by the size of the self-assembled metal nanoparticles grown on the substrate for this replica nanopatterning. The method can easily be extended for tuning the size of the Si nanostructures by the proper choice of the metal nanoparticles and the ion energy in ion-irradiation. It is suggested that off-normal irradiation can also be used for tuning the size of the nanostructures.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures, regular paper submitted to Nanotechnology
Population health content in SLP programs (Domholdt & Billings, 2021)
Creators: name: Domholdt, Elizabeth
name: Billings, Lina C.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: 111708 Health and Community Services
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111709 Health Care Administration

description: Purpose: The purpose of this survey was to determine current and desired coverage of population health concepts within speech-language pathology programs.Method: Thirty-five of 253 (13.8%) Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology program directors responded to an online survey.Results: Respondents agreed that 21 of 23 population health domains should be included in the curriculum, with six of the domains having at least moderate coverage within current programs. The largest gaps between current and desired coverage were in global health issues, health policy process, organization of clinical and public health systems, and health promotion interventions.Conclusion: Speech-language pathology faculty can use the results to inform their decisions about incorporating population health concepts into their programs.
Supplemental Material S1. Population health SLP questionnaire.
Domholdt, E., & Billings, L. C. (2021). Population health content within speech-language pathology programs: An exploratory study. Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups. Advance online edition. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_PERSP-20-00107
Interaction-induced instability and chaos in the photoassociative stimulated Raman adiabatic passage from atomic to molecular Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Dey, Amit
name: Vardi, Amichay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of interactions on the conversion of atomic -to molecular Bose-Einstein condensates via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Both energetic instability during avoided crossings and dynamical instability during chaotic intervals limit adiabaticity and impose {\em low} sweep-rate boundaries on the efficiency of the process. For the diabatic traverse of avoided crossings, we find a reciprocal power-law dependence of the final unconverted population on sweep rate. For the traverse of chaos, we find a sharp low-rate boundary determined by the dynamical instability parameters. The interplay of these two mechanisms determines which instability controls the failure of molecular production. A judicious choice of sweep parameters is hence required to restore the process efficiency.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Machine Learning and Kalman Filtering for Nanomechanical Mass Spectrometry
Creators: name: Erdogan, Mete
name: Baytekin, Nuri Berke
name: Coban, Serhat Emre
name: Demir, Alper
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Nanomechanical resonant sensors are used in mass spectrometry via detection of resonance frequency jumps. There is a fundamental trade-off between detection speed and accuracy. Temporal and size resolution are limited by the resonator characteristics and noise. A Kalman filtering technique, augmented with maximum-likelihood estimation, was recently proposed as a Pareto optimal solution. We present enhancements and robust realizations for this technique, including a confidence boosted thresholding approach as well as machine learning for event detection. We describe learning techniques that are based on neural networks and boosted decision trees for temporal location and event size estimation. In the pure learning based approach that discards the Kalman filter, the raw data from the sensor are used in training a model for both location and size prediction. In the alternative approach that augments a Kalman filter, the event likelihood history is used in a binary classifier for event occurrence. Locations and sizes are predicted using maximum-likelihood, followed by a Kalman filter that continually improves the size estimate. We present detailed comparisons of the learning based schemes and the confidence boosted thresholding approach, and demonstrate robust performance for a practical realization.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures
Resonant and non-resonant Tunneling through a double barrier
Creators: name: Olkhovsky, Vladislav S.
name: Recami, Erasmo
name: Zaichenko, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An explicit expression is obtained for the phase-time corresponding to tunneling of a (non-relativistic) particle through two rectangular barriers, both in the case of resonant and in the case of non-resonant tunneling. It is shown that the behavior of the transmission coefficient and of the tunneling phase-time near a resonance is given by expressions with "Breit-Wigner type" denominators. By contrast, it is shown that, when the tunneling probability is low (but not negligible), the non-resonant tunneling time depends on the barrier width and on the distance between the barriers only in a very weak (exponentially decreasing) way: This can imply in various cases, as well-known, the highly Superluminal tunneling associated with the so-called "generalized Hartman Effect"; but we are now able to improve and modify the mathematical description of such an effect, and to compare more in detail our results with the experimental data for non-resonant tunneling of photons. Finally, as a second example, the tunneling phase-time is calculated, and compared with the available experimental results, in the case of the quantum-mechanical tunneling of neutrons through two barrier-filters at the resonance energy of the set-up.
description: replaced with some improvements in the text and in the references: pdf (11 pages) produced from a source-file in Word; including one Figure
Information theory and player archetype choice in Hearthstone
Creators: name: Zuparic, Mathew
name: Khuu, Duy
name: Zach, Tzachi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Using three years of game data of the online collectible card game Hearthstone, we analyse the evolution of the game's system over the period 2016--2019. By considering the frequencies that archetypes are played, and their corresponding win-rates, we are able to provide narratives of the system-wide changes that have occurred over time, and player reactions to them. Applying the archetype frequencies to analyse the system's Shannon entropy, we characterise the salient features of the time series of player choice. Paying particular attention to how entropy is affected during periods of both small and large-scale change, we are able to demonstrate the effects of increased player experimentation before popular decks and tactics emerge. Furthermore, constructing conditional probabilities that simulate understandable player behaviour, we analyse the system's information storage and test the explain-ability of current player choice based on previous decision-making.
description: Slight changes to the text, references updated, results unchanged
The evaluation of Ecosystem Services production: an application in the Province of Ferrara
Creators: name: Chatzinikolaou, Parthena
name: Raggi, Meri
name: Viaggi, Davide
name: Chatzinikolaou, Parthena
name: Raggi, Meri
name: Viaggi, Davide
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Ecosystem Services
subject: evaluation
subject: indicators
subject: multi-criteria analysis
subject: classification

description: This paper presents an evaluation of the provision of Ecosystem Services (ES). The analysis is based on the design of a framework suitable to be translated into a multi-criteria evaluation process, followed by empirical testing. It focuses on the different categories of ES and applies a set of non-overlapping indicators available from existing statistical sources. The framework is applied in a traditional cultural landscape, the Province of Ferrara, situated in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. To develop an applicable framework, we have chosen a set of ES indicators from the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. According to the results and based on the indicators used in each category, the provision of cultural and provisioning services is high in all of the municipalities, while there is greater diversity in the provision of regulating and supporting services. A key challenge in our analysis was related to the lack of information on the actual provision of ES at the municipality level, which led to a significant use of proxy indicators. Use of improved datasets, explicit consideration of policy scenarios and accounting for local priorities about ES provision have been identified as the most relevant avenues for future research in this area.