cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Immune Cells and Inflammation in Diabetic Nephropathy
Creators: name: Zheng, Feng
name: Zheng, Zihan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious complication of diabetes. At its core, DN is a metabolic disorder which can also manifest itself in terms of local inflammation in the kidneys. Such inflammation can then drive the classical markers of fibrosis and structural remodeling. As a result, resolution of immune-mediated inflammation is critical towards achieving a cure for DN. Many immune cells play a part in DN, including key members of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. While these cells were classically understood to primarily function against pathogen insult, it has also become increasingly clear that they also serve a major role as internal sensors of damage. In fact, damage sensing may serve as the impetus for much of the inflammation that occurs in DN, in a vicious positive feedback cycle. Although direct targeting of these proinflammatory cells may be difficult, new approaches that focus on their metabolic profiles may be able to alleviate DN significantly, especially since dysregulation of the local metabolic environment may well be responsible for triggering inflammation to begin with. In this review, the authors consider the metabolic profile of several relevant immune types and discuss their respective roles.
$F$- and $H$-Triangles for $ν$-Associahedra
Creators: name: Ceballos, Cesar
name: Mühle, Henri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05E45, 52B05

description: For any northeast path $ν$, we define two bivariate polynomials associated with the $ν$-associahedron: the $F$- and the $H$-triangle. We prove combinatorially that we can obtain one from the other by an invertible transformation of variables. These polynomials generalize the classical $F$- and $H$-triangles of F.~Chapoton in type $A$. Our proof is completely new and has the advantage of providing a combinatorial explanation of the relation between the $F$- and $H$-triangle.
description: 25 pages, 15 figures. Comments are very welcome
Dark Matter annihilations in halos and high-redshift sources of reionization of the universe
Creators: name: Poulin, Vivian
name: Serpico, Pasquale D.
name: Lesgourgues, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is well known that annihilations in the homogeneous fluid of dark matter (DM) can leave imprints in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy power spectrum. However, the relevance of DM annihilations in halos for cosmological observables is still subject to debate, with previous works reaching different conclusions on this point. Also, all previous studies used a single type of parameterization for the astrophysical reionization, and included no astrophysical source for the heating of the intergalactic medium. In this work, we revisit these problems. When standard approaches are adopted, we find that the ionization fraction does exhibit a very particular (and potentially constraining) pattern, but the currently measurable optical depth to reionization is left almost unchanged: In agreement with the most of the previous literature, for plausible halo models we find that the modification of the signal with respect to the one coming from annihilations in the smooth background is tiny, below cosmic variance within currently allowed parameter space. However, if different and probably more realistic treatments of the astrophysical sources of reionization and heating are adopted, a more pronounced effect of the DM annihilation in halos is possible. We thus conclude that within currently adopted baseline models the impact of the virialised DM structures cannot be uncovered by CMB power spectra measurements, but a larger impact is possible if peculiar models are invoked for the redshift evolution of the DM annihilation signal or different assumptions are made for the astrophysical contributions. A better understanding (both theoretical and observational) of the reionization and temperature history of the universe, notably via the 21 cm signal, seems the most promising way for using halo formation as a tool in DM searches, improving over the sensitivity of current cosmological probes.
description: 30 pages, 11 figures. v2: extended version (notably astrophysical source effects significantly expanded), references added, main conclusions unchanged. Matches version accepted by JCAP
ESM for 'Body mass predicts isotope enrichment in herbivorous mammals' by Julia Tejada et al.
Creators: name: Tejada-Lara, Julia V.
name: MacFadden, Bruce J.
name: Bermudez, Lizette
name: Rojas, Gianmarco
name: Salas-Gismondi, Rodolfo
name: Flynn, John J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: ESM file contains supplementary text, tables and figure.
The Prevalence of Evidence-Based Substance Use Prevention Curricula in the Nation's Elementary Schools
Creators: name: Vincus, Amy A.
name: Hanley, Sean M.
name: Bowling, J. Michael
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: Current guidelines for school-based substance use prevention suggest that prevention efforts should begin in elementary grades, before students begin using substances. Previous research suggests, however, that the use of evidence-based curricula in these grades may be low. Using a 2005 survey of public school districts in the U.S. that include elementary grades (n=1563), we assessed the prevalence of elementary curricula use, particularly those designated as evidence-based. We found that although 72% of districts administer a substance use prevention curriculum to their elementary students, only about 35% are using one that is evidence-based and only about 14% are using an evidence-based curriculum more so than any other prevention curriculum. We present prevalence estimates for specific evidence-based curricula and conclude by discussing possible reasons for and implications of our findings.
Supplementary Materials
Creators: name: Arguello-Gutierrez, Catalina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Education

description: The purpose of this systematic literature review is to identify the main approaches taken in the research on inclusive education published in the past five years. This study used the PRISMA model by identifying various appropriate and relevant research articles and followed the corresponding stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. Data search was limited to articles produced by at least one researcher affiliated to a Spanish university and included publications in several languages retrieved by a search in Scopus and Wos. A total of 130 papers were categorized in six specific categories as shown in Table S1. All the papers included in the analysis can be seen at the references. The articles were coded based on their contents according to an internal team discussion of the main recurring themes and based on a previous classification by Amor et al. (2018) and the final allocation can be seen in Figure S1. Specific characteristics of the publications included in each category can be seen in Tables S2-S7. Finally, publications per journal can be observed in Table S8.
Smoking Trajectories Among Monoracial and Biracial Black Adolescents and Young Adults
Creators: name: Clark, Trenette T.
name: Nguyen, Anh B.
name: Coman, Emanuel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Cigarette smoking trajectories were assessed among monorace Blacks, Black-American Indians, Black-Asians, Black-Hispanics, and Black-Whites.
Applying Research Ethics Guidelines: The View from a Sub-Saharan Research Ethics Committee
Creators: name: Mwansambo, Charles
name: Nelson, Daniel K.
name: Mahoney, David B.
name: Corneli, Amy L.
name: Henderson, Gail E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: Considerable variation has been demonstrated in applying regulations across research ethics committees (RECs) in the U.S., U.K., and European nations. With the rise of international research collaborations, RECs in developing countries apply a variety of international regulations. We conducted a qualitative descriptive pilot study with members of the national REC in Malawi to determine criteria they use to review research, and their views on international collaborations. Qualitative content analysis demonstrated that international guidelines are interpreted in light of local African conditions such that emphasis is placed on examining benefit to the community and ensuring the informed consent process translates concepts in locally-meaningful ways. Members suggest that RECs often must comply with regulations that do not fit local conditions. Recommendations are provided for improving such international collaborations.
Parents' Online Portrayals of Pediatric Treatment and Research Options
Creators: name: Rothschild, Barbra B.
name: Henderson, Gail E.
name: Churchill, Larry R.
name: King, Nancy M. P.
name: Davis, Arlene M.
name: Lohser, Sara
name: Schaffer, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Parents of seriously ill children face difficult decisions when standard therapies are limited or ineffective. In their search for information, they may turn to websites created by other parents facing similar experiences. We conducted a qualitative content analysis of 21 websites created by families with children affected by cancer or genetic disease, two serious conditions with a range of treatment and clinical trial options. Our research questions address how parent authors portray serious pediatric illness, available options, parties to decision making, and sources of influence. In addition, we examine what these sites reveal about family vulnerability to various risks, particularly the risk of misunderstanding the distinction between standard treatment and research and the risk of overestimating the likely benefits of research participation, as well as whether vulnerability varies by type of condition. Our results demonstrate typically favorable views on research, but with inadequate distinctions between research and treatment and a complex set of trade-offs in consideration of research risks and potential benefits. While portraits of vulnerability emerge for both parents and children, so do portraits of strength and resilience. As a result, parents describe frustration with both under- and over-protection from research participation. Our discussion of these findings clarifies the potential for parent-authored websites to inform and influence families considering research and treatment options for their seriously ill children.
Prospective Biorepository Participants' Perspectives on Access to Research Results
Creators: name: Smolek, Sondra J.
name: Beskow, Laura M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: Disclosure of individual research results to research participants has been the subject of professional guidelines as well as scholarly commentary, yet controversy remains. To gather data on participant perspectives, we interviewed 40 individuals from the Durham, North Carolina area about a biorepository consent form and conducted an in-depth analysis of responses to a series of questions concerning access to research results. Cross-cutting themes emerged about (1) the nature of research; (2) the nature of research results; (3) expectations concerning access to research results; and (4) practical issues in providing access to research results. Our findings highlight the importance for sound policy development of soliciting stakeholder input, and exploring the complexities behind their evaluations.
A hole spin qubit in a fin field-effect transistor above 4 kelvin
Creators: name: Camenzind, Leon C.
name: Geyer, Simon
name: Fuhrer, Andreas
name: Warburton, Richard J.
name: Zumbühl, Dominik M.
name: Kuhlmann, Andreas V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The greatest challenge in quantum computing is achieving scalability. Classical computing previously faced a scalability issue, solved with silicon chips hosting billions of fin field-effect transistors (FinFETs). These FinFET devices are small enough for quantum applications: at low temperatures, an electron or hole trapped under the gate serves as a spin qubit. Such an approach potentially allows the quantum hardware and its classical control electronics to be integrated on the same chip. However, this requires qubit operation at temperatures above 1K, where the cooling overcomes heat dissipation. Here, we show that silicon FinFETs can host spin qubits operating above 4K. We achieve fast electrical control of hole spins with driving frequencies up to 150MHz, single-qubit gate fidelities at the fault-tolerance threshold, and a Rabi oscillation quality factor greater than 87. Our devices feature both industry compatibility and quality, and are fabricated in a flexible and agile way that should accelerate further development.
“If I Could in a Small Way Help”: Motivations for and Beliefs About Sample Donation for Genetic Research
Creators: name: Garrett, Joanne
name: Michie, Marsha
name: Corbie-Smith, Giselle
name: Henderson, Gail
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Human genome research depends upon participants who donate genetic samples, but few studies have explored in depth the motivations of genetic research donors. This mixed methods study examines telephone interviews with 752 sample donors in a U.S. genetic epidemiology study investigating colorectal cancer. Quantitative and qualitative results indicate that most participants wanted to help society, and that many also wanted information about their own health, even though such information was not promised. Qualitative analysis reveals that donors believed their samples contributed to a scientific “common good”; imagined samples as information rather than tissues; and often blurred distinctions between research and diagnostic testing of samples. Differences between African American and White perspectives were distinct from educational and other possible explanatory factors.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Exploring the intrinsic behaviour of multisite phosphorylation systems as part of signalling pathways.
Creators: name: Thapanar Suwanmajo
name: J. Krishnan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Multisite phosphorylation is a basic way of chemically encoding substrate function and a recurring feature of cell signalling pathways. A number of studies have explored information processing characteristics of multisite phosphorylation, through studies of the intrinsic kinetics. Many of these studies focus on the module in isolation. In this paper, we build a bridge to connect the behaviour of multisite modification in isolation to that as part of pathways. We study the effect of activation of the enzymes (which are basic ways in which the module may be regulated), as well the effects of the modified substrates being involved in further modifications or exiting reaction compartments. We find that these effects can induce multiple kinds of transitions, including to behaviour not seen intrinsically in the multisite modification module. We then build on these insights to investigate how these multisite modification systems can be tuned by enzyme activation to realize a range of information processing outcomes for the design of synthetic phosphorylation circuits. Connecting the complexity of multisite modification kinetics, with the pathways in which they are embedded, serves as a basis for teasing out many aspects of their interaction, providing insights of relevance in systems biology, synthetic biology/chemistry and chemical information processing.
Research Participants' Perspectives on Genotype-Driven Research Recruitment
Creators: name: Henderson, Gail E.
name: Beskow, Laura M.
name: Crouch, Julia
name: Nelson, Daniel K.
name: Wilfond, Benjamin S.
name: Brazg, Tracy
name: Michie, Marsha
name: Tabor, Holly K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Genotype-Driven Recruitment is a potentially powerful approach for studying human genetic variation but presents ethical challenges. We conducted in-depth interviews with research participants in six studies where such recruitment occurred. Nearly all responded favorably to the acceptability of recontact for research recruitment, and genotype-driven recruitment was viewed as a positive sign of scientific advancement. Reactions to questions about the disclosure of individual genetic research results varied. Common themes included explaining the purpose of recontact, informing decisions about further participation, reciprocity, “information is valuable,” and the possibility of benefit, as well as concerns about undue distress and misunderstanding. Our findings suggest contact about additional research may be least concerning if it involves a known element (e.g., trusted researchers). Also, for genotype-driven recruitment, it may be appropriate to set a lower bar for disclosure of individual results than the clinical utility threshold recommended more generally.
(400509) Catherine Rosine
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Discontinuous Shear Thickening in Brownian Suspensions By Dynamic Simulation
Creators: name: Mari, Romain
name: Seto, Ryohei
name: Morris, Jeffrey F.
name: Denn, Morton M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic particle-scale numerical simulations are used to show that the shear thickening observed in dense colloidal, or Brownian, suspensions is of a similar nature to that observed in non-colloidal suspensions, i.e., a stress-induced transition from a flow of lubricated near-contacting particles to a flow of a frictionally contacting network of particles. Abrupt (or discontinuous) shear thickening is found to be a geometric rather than hydrodynamic phenomenon; it stems from the strong sensitivity of the jamming volume fraction to the nature of contact forces between suspended particles. The thickening obtained in a colloidal suspension of purely hard frictional spheres is qualitatively similar to experimental observations. However, the agreement cannot be made quantitative with only hydrodynamics, frictional contacts and Brownian forces. Therefore the role of a short-range repulsive potential mimicking the stabilization of actual suspensions on the thickening is studied. The effects of Brownian and repulsive forces on the onset stress can be combined in an additive manner. The simulations including Brownian and stabilizing forces show excellent agreement with experimental data for the viscosity $η$ and the second normal stress difference $N_2$.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures. v2: improved text. Accepted in PNAS
The Meaning of Genetic Research Results: Reflections from Individuals with and without a Known Genetic Disorder
Creators: name: Michie, Marsha
name: Henderson, Gail
name: Davis, Arlene M.
name: Cadigan, R. Jean
name: Beskow, Laura M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: In the debate about whether to return individual genetic results to research participants, consideration of the nature of results has taken precedence over contextual factors associated with different study designs and populations. We conducted in-depth interviews with 24 individuals who participated in a genotype-driven study of cystic fibrosis: 9 of the individuals had cystic fibrosis, 15 had participated as healthy volunteers, and all had gene variants of interest to the researchers. These interviews revealed that the two groups had different ideas about the meaningfulness of genetic results. Our findings point to the importance of understanding research context, such as participants’ relationship with the researcher and whether they have the disease condition under study, when considering whether to return individual results.
Research Ethics Education for Community-Engaged Research: A Review and Research Agenda
Creators: name: Ross, Lainie Friedman
name: Lawless, Mary Ellen
name: Anderson, Emily E.
name: DuBois, James M.
name: Heitman, Elizabeth
name: Solomon, Stephanie
name: Ammerman, Alice
name: Ramsey, Cornelia
name: Kost, Rhonda G.
name: Fisher, Celia B.
name: Jones, Bonnie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Community engagement is increasingly becoming an integral part of research. “Community-engaged research” (CEnR) introduces new stakeholders as well as unique challenges to the protection of participants and the integrity of the research process. We—a group of representatives of CTSA-funded institutions and others who share expertise in research ethics and CEnR—have identified gaps in the literature regarding (1) ethical issues unique to CEnR; (2) the particular instructional needs of academic investigators, community research partners, and IRB members; and (3) best practices for teaching research ethics. This paper presents what we know, as well as what we still need to learn, in order to develop quality research ethics educational materials tailored to the full range of stakeholder groups in CEnR.
METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF DESIGN COMPETENCE IN STUDENTS THROUGH ENGINEERING PEDAGOGY
Creators: name: Asrorova, Saodat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article explores the methodology for cultivating design competence in students through effective engineering pedagogy. Design competence is a critical skill for engineers, as it encompasses creativity, problem-solving, and the ability to apply engineering principles to real-world challenges. By incorporating design thinking principles, project-based learning, and interdisciplinary approaches into the curriculum, educators can foster the development of design competence in students, preparing them for success in their engineering careers.
(400506) William Grant
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Markov chain on the solution space of edge-colorings of bipartite graphs
Creators: name: Hong, Letong
name: Miklos, Istvan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we exhibit an irreducible Markov chain $M$ on the edge $k$-colorings of bipartite graphs based on certain properties of the solution space. We show that diameter of this Markov chain grows linearly with the number of edges in the graph. We also prove a polynomial upper bound on the inverse of acceptance ratio of the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm when the algorithm is applied on $M$ with the uniform distribution of all possible edge $k$-colorings of $G$. A special case of our results is the solution space of the possible completions of Latin rectangles.
description: 20 pages, 2 figures
(400508) Catherine Rosine
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Hypertranscendence of solutions of Mahler equations
Creators: name: Dreyfus, Thomas
name: Hardouin, Charlotte
name: Roques, Julien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39A06, 12H10

description: The last years have seen a growing interest from mathematicians in Mahler functions. This class of functions includes the generating series of the automatic sequences. The present paper is concerned with the following problem, which is omnipresent in combinatorics: a set of Mahler functions $u_{1},...,u_{n}$ being given, are $u_{1},...,u_{n}$ and their successive derivatives algebraically independent? In this paper, we give general criteria ensuring an affirmative answer to this question. We apply our main results to the generating series attached to the so-called Baum-Sweet and Rudin-Shapiro automatic sequences. In particular, we show that these series are hyperalgebraically independent, i.e., that these series and their successive derivatives are algebraically independent. Our approach relies of the parametrized difference Galois theory (in this context, the algebro-differential relations between the solutions of a given Mahler equation are reflected by a linear differential algebraic group).
Parent Ratings of Ability to Consent for Clinical Trials in Fragile X Syndrome
Creators: name: Bailey, Donald B.
name: Bishop, Ellen
name: Appelbaum, Paul S.
name: Wheeler, Anne
name: Edwards, Anne
name: Bann, Carla
name: Borasky, David
name: Raspa, Melissa
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Advances in understanding neurobiology and intellectual disabilities have led to clinical trials testing new medications. This study assessed parents’ perceptions of the ability of their son or daughter with fragile X syndrome (FXS), an inherited form of intellectual disability, to participate in the consent process for clinical trials. Four hundred and twenty-two families participated in a survey that included six items assessing various aspects of the ability to provide consent. A rank ordering of decisional tasks was found. The easiest task was to understand that the medication was different from his or her medical treatment; the most difficult was the ability to understand and weigh the potential benefits and risks of study participation. Factor analysis suggested that despite the range in difficulty, the six items were best summarized by a single decisional ability score. Parents of 29% of males reported that their son was not at all capable of participating, but the remainder exhibited a range of decisional skills. Factors associated with this variability include age, and parents’ willingness to enroll their child in clinical trials. We conclude that many individuals with FXS appear to be able to participate at some level in the consent or assent process, but will likely need individualized support to maximize effective participation.
Nell’anno del libro su Giovanni Testori e Roberto Longhi
Creators: name: Dall'Ombra, Davide
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2024
Subjects: Giovanni Testori
Roberto Longhi
Francesco Cairo

description: This contribution by the director of Casa Testori to the issue of Engramma dedicated to Giovanni Testori sheds new light on the relationship between the latter and the famous art critic Roberto Longhi through the edition and commentary of a letter from Testori to Longhi dated 5 January 1952 on the subject of an essay about the seventeenth-century Lombard painter Francesco Cairo.
Electronic Supplementary Material from Exploring the intrinsic behaviour of multisite phosphorylation systems as part of signalling pathways
Creators: name: Thapanar Suwanmajo
name: J. Krishnan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biological Engineering
subject: 60114 Systems Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Multisite phosphorylation is a basic way of chemically encoding substrate function and a recurring feature of cell signalling pathways. A number of studies have explored information processing characteristics of multisite phosphorylation, through studies of the intrinsic kinetics. Many of these studies focus on the module in isolation. In this paper, we build a bridge to connect the behaviour of multisite modification in isolation to that as part of pathways. We study the effect of activation of the enzymes (which are basic ways in which the module may be regulated), as well the effects of the modified substrates being involved in further modifications or exiting reaction compartments. We find that these effects can induce multiple kinds of transitions, including to behaviour not seen intrinsically in the multisite modification module. We then build on these insights to investigate how these multisite modification systems can be tuned by enzyme activation to realize a range of information processing outcomes for the design of synthetic phosphorylation circuits. Connecting the complexity of multisite modification kinetics, with the pathways in which they are embedded, serves as a basis for teasing out many aspects of their interaction, providing insights of relevance in systems biology, synthetic biology/chemistry and chemical information processing.
Using “Clinical Trial Diaries” to Track Patterns of Participation for Serial Healthy Volunteers in U.S. Phase I Studies
Creators: name: Fisher, Jill A.
name: Edelblute, Heather B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Phase I testing of investigational drugs relies on healthy volunteers as research participants. Many U.S. healthy volunteers enroll repeatedly in clinical trials for the financial compensation. Serial participants are incentivized to ignore restrictions on their participation, and no centralized clinical trial registry prevents dual enrollment. Little is currently known about how healthy volunteers participate in studies over time, hampering the development of policies to protect this group. We detail a methodology developed as part of a longitudinal study to track in real-time healthy volunteers’ Phase I participation. Illustrating these data through three case studies, we document how healthy volunteers use strategies, such as qualifying for studies at more than one clinic and traveling significant distances, to maximize their participation. Our findings suggest that “clinical trial diaries” can generate critical information about serial research participation and point to ethical issues unique to healthy volunteers’ involvement in Phase I clinical trials.
Forms and algebras in (half-)maximal supergravity theories
Creators: name: Howe, Paul
name: Palmkvist, Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The forms in D-dimensional (half-)maximal supergravity theories are discussed for 3 $\leq$ D $\leq$ 11. Superspace methods are used to derive consistent sets of Bianchi identities for all the forms for all degrees, and to show that they are soluble and fully compatible with supersymmetry. The Bianchi identities determine Lie superalgebras that can be extended to Borcherds superalgebras of a special type. It is shown that any Borcherds superalgebra of this type gives the same form spectrum, up to an arbitrary degree, as an associated Kac-Moody algebra. For maximal supergravity up to D-form potentials, this is the very extended Kac-Moody algebra E11. It is also shown how gauging can be carried out in a simple fashion by deforming the Bianchi identities by means of a new algebraic element related to the embedding tensor. In this case the appropriate extension of the form algebra is a truncated version of the so-called tensor hierarchy algebra.
description: 59 pages, 1 figure
Charged particle tracking via edge-classifying interaction networks
Creators: name: DeZoort, Gage
name: Thais, Savannah
name: Duarte, Javier
name: Razavimaleki, Vesal
name: Atkinson, Markus
name: Ojalvo, Isobel
name: Neubauer, Mark
name: Elmer, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Recent work has demonstrated that geometric deep learning methods such as graph neural networks (GNNs) are well suited to address a variety of reconstruction problems in high energy particle physics. In particular, particle tracking data is naturally represented as a graph by identifying silicon tracker hits as nodes and particle trajectories as edges; given a set of hypothesized edges, edge-classifying GNNs identify those corresponding to real particle trajectories. In this work, we adapt the physics-motivated interaction network (IN) GNN toward the problem of particle tracking in pileup conditions similar to those expected at the high-luminosity Large Hadron Collider. Assuming idealized hit filtering at various particle momenta thresholds, we demonstrate the IN's excellent edge-classification accuracy and tracking efficiency through a suite of measurements at each stage of GNN-based tracking: graph construction, edge classification, and track building. The proposed IN architecture is substantially smaller than previously studied GNN tracking architectures; this is particularly promising as a reduction in size is critical for enabling GNN-based tracking in constrained computing environments. Furthermore, the IN may be represented as either a set of explicit matrix operations or a message passing GNN. Efforts are underway to accelerate each representation via heterogeneous computing resources towards both high-level and low-latency triggering applications.
description: This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of this article. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s41781-021-00073-z
Modified scattering for a dispersion-managed nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Creators: name: Murphy, Jason
name: Van Hoose, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove sharp $L^\infty$ decay and modified scattering for a one-dimensional dispersion-managed cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with small initial data chosen from a weighted Sobolev space. Specifically, we work with an averaged version of the dispersion-managed NLS in the strong dispersion management regime. The proof adapts techniques from Hayashi-Naumkin and Kato-Pusateri, which established small-data modified scattering for the standard $1d$ cubic NLS.
description: 9 pages
Public Infrastructure Disparities and the Microbiological and Chemical Safety of Drinking and Surface Water Supplies in a Community Bordering a Landfill
Creators: name: Campbell, Robert
name: Hopkins, Barbara
name: Caldwell, David
name: Wing, Steve
name: Heaney, Christopher
name: Wilson, Sacoby
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: The historically African-American Rogers-Eubanks community straddles unincorporated boundaries of two municipalities in Orange County, North Carolina, and predates a regional landfill sited along its border in 1972. Community members from the Rogers-Eubanks Neighborhood Association (RENA), concerned about deterioration of private wells and septic systems and a lack of public drinking water and sewer services, implemented a community-driven research partnership with university scientists and community-based organizations to investigate water and sewer infrastructure disparities and the safety of drinking and surface water supplies. RENA drafted memoranda of agreement with partners and trained community monitors to collect data (inventory households, map water and sewer infrastructure, administer household water and sewer infrastructure surveys, and collect drinking and surface water samples). Respondents to the surveys reported pervasive signs of well vulnerability (100%) and septic system failure (68%). Each 100-m increase in distance from the landfill was associated with a 600 most probable number/100 mL decrease in enterococci concentrations in surface water (95% confidence interval = −1106, −93). Pervasive private household water and sewer infrastructure failures and poor water quality were identified in this community bordering a regional landfill, providing evidence of a need for improved water and sanitation services.
(400503) Elizabeth [Stewart]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
A Longitudinal Examination of the Bidirectional Links Between Academic Achievement and Parent–Adolescent Conflict
Creators: name: Dotterer, Aryn M.
name: McHale, Susan M.
name: Hoffman, Lesa
name: Crouter, Ann C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2008

description: We examined reciprocal associations between parent-adolescent conflict and academic achievement over a two-year period. Participants were mothers, fathers, and adolescents from predominantly White, working and middle class families (N = 168). After accounting for previous academic achievement, parent-adolescent conflict predicted relative declines in academic achievement two years later. After controlling for relationship quality at Time 1, lower math grades predicted relative increases in parent-adolescent conflict two years later among families with less education.
McClung et al Supplementary Information, Methods and Statistical Details from Endogenous oxytocin predicts helping and conversation as a function of group membership.
Creators: name: McClung, Jennifer Susan
name: Zegni Triki
name: Clément, Fabrice
name: Bangerter, Adrian
name: Redouan Bshary
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Humans cooperate with unrelated individuals to an extent that far outstrips any other species. We also display extreme variation in decisions about whether to cooperate or not, and the mechanisms driving this variation remain an open question across the behavioural sciences. One candidate mechanism underlying this variation in cooperation is the evolutionary ancient neurohormone oxytocin (OT). As current research focuses on artificial administration of OT in asocial tasks, little is known about how the hormone in its naturally occurring state actually impacts behaviour in social interactions. Using a new optimal foraging paradigm, the ‘egg hunt’, we assessed the association of endogenous OT with helping behaviour and conversation. We manipulated players' group membership relative to each other prior to an egg hunt, during which they had repeated opportunities to spontaneously help each other. Results show that endogenous baseline OT predicted helping and conversation type, but crucially as a function of group membership. Higher baseline OT predicted increased helping but only between in-group players, as well as decreased discussion about individuals’ goals between in-group players but conversely more of such discussion between out-group players. Subsequently, behaviour but not conversation during the hunt predicted change in OT, in that out-group members who did not help showed a decrease in OT from baseline levels. In sum, endogenous OT predicts helping behaviour and conversation, importantly as a function of group membership, and this effect occurs in parallel to uniquely human cognitive processes.
Marriage and Health in the Transition to Adulthood: Evidence for African Americans in the Add Health Study
Creators: name: DeLeone, Felicia Yang
name: Mullan Harris, Kathleen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: This paper examines the relationship between early marriage (before age 26), cohabitation, and health for African Americans and whites during the transition to adulthood using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health). We examine three categories of health outcomes relevant to young adulthood: physical health, mental health, and health risk behaviors. Lagged dependent variable models are used to examine the health effects of early marriage and cohabitation accounting for potential health selection into unions. Our results indicate that early marriage by young adults does not have protective effects for African Americans, and finds more negative effects for African American men than women. There are mixed results for whites with some protective effects of marriage for binge drinking. Early marriage for both African Americans and whites is associated with increased Body Mass Index (BMI). Cohabitation is uniformly associated with negative health outcomes for all race and sex groups.
Torsion pairs and recollements of extriangulated categories
Creators: name: He, Jian
name: Hu, Yonggang
name: Zhou, Panyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18G80, 18E10, 18E40

description: In this article, we prove that if $(\mathcal A ,\mathcal B,\mathcal C)$ is a recollement of extriangulated categories, then torsion pairs in $\mathcal A$ and $\mathcal C$ can induce torsion pairs in $\mathcal B$, and the converse holds under natural assumptions. Besides, we give mild conditions on a cluster tilting subcategory on the middle category of a recollement of extriangulated categories, for the corresponding abelian quotients to form a recollement of abelian categories.
description: 19 pages
The Role of Automation, Bots and AI in Influencing Knowledge of the Past
Creators: name: Wills-Eve, Ben
Publisher: name: Lancaster University
Year: 2024

description: This thesis explored the role of algorithms, automated computer programs
 (‘bots’) and artificial intelligence (AI) in the creation, interpretation
 and sharing of knowledge of the past online. It aimed to explore how these
 specific types of computational approaches influence the diversity of
 historical and cultural narratives that are researched and search through
 the Web, especially by institutions like museums and art galleries. The
 roles of the wide range of different stakeholders involved in these
 processes, from researchers to museum curators to software developers to
 interested users, were explored to better understand the human
 interactions often at the heart of automated approaches.

 The historical context of automation, bots and algorithms on the Web is
 explored with regard to their roles in influencing the production,
 interpretation and sharing of knowledge about the past. Three case studies
 follow to explore specific types of automated approaches in more detail:
 the sharing of art and artefacts from online gallery and museum
 collections via automated social media accounts (‘social bots’); the
 interpretation of historical figures and events by ‘chatbots’ through the
 Amazon Alexa platform; and the creation and sharing of historical
 knowledge and interpretation of online museum collections through the AI
 tool ChatGPT.

 I argue that these processes and their influence on knowledge of the past
 can only be properly understood through a theoretical approach that
 focusses on the complex human and computational interactions inherent in
 the production and sharing of knowledge online. Automated approaches all
 offer potential benefits to cultural heritage institutions looking to
 engage wider audiences with interpretations of the past, but existing
 biases in the data available and algorithmic methods involved poses
 significant risks to the historical accuracy and trustworthiness of such
 generated material. Greater collaboration and

 regulation are needed to prevent singular, uncritical interpretations
 dominating narratives of the past.