cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Community Structure in Industrial SAT Instances
Creators: name: Ansótegui, Carlos
name: Bonet, Maria Luisa
name: Giráldez-Cru, Jesús
name: Levy, Jordi
name: Simon, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Modern SAT solvers have experienced a remarkable progress on solving industrial instances. Most of the techniques have been developed after an intensive experimental process. It is believed that these techniques exploit the underlying structure of industrial instances. However, there are few works trying to exactly characterize the main features of this structure. The research community on complex networks has developed techniques of analysis and algorithms to study real-world graphs that can be used by the SAT community. Recently, there have been some attempts to analyze the structure of industrial SAT instances in terms of complex networks, with the aim of explaining the success of SAT solving techniques, and possibly improving them. In this paper, inspired by the results on complex networks, we study the community structure, or modularity, of industrial SAT instances. In a graph with clear community structure, or high modularity, we can find a partition of its nodes into communities such that most edges connect variables of the same community. In our analysis, we represent SAT instances as graphs, and we show that most application benchmarks are characterized by a high modularity. On the contrary, random SAT instances are closer to the classical Erdös-Rényi random graph model, where no structure can be observed. We also analyze how this structure evolves by the effects of the execution of a CDCL SAT solver. In particular, we use the community structure to detect that new clauses learned by the solver during the search contribute to destroy the original structure of the formula. This is, learned clauses tend to contain variables of distinct communities.
Bandwidth broadening of X-ray free electron laser pulses with the natural gradient of planar undulator
Creators: name: Song, Minghao
name: Li, Kai
name: Yan, Jiawei
name: Zhang, Han
name: Feng, Chao
name: Deng, Haixiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Besides the target to pursue the narrow bandwidth X-ray pulses, the large bandwidth free-electron laser pulses are also strongly demanded to satisfy a wide range of scientific user experiments. In this paper, using the transversely tilt beam enabled by deflecting cavity and/or corrugated structure, the potential of large bandwidth X-ray free-electron lasers generation with the natural gradient of the planar undulator are discussed. Simulations confirm the theoretical prediction, and X-ray free-electron laser bandwidth indicates an increase of one order of magnitude with the optimized parameters.
description: 7 figures
Refined Gribov-Zwanziger theory coupled to scalar fields in the Landau gauge
Creators: name: de Brito, Gustavo P.
name: De Fabritiis, Philipe
name: Pereira, Antonio D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Refined Gribov-Zwanziger (RGZ) action in the Landau gauge accounts for the existence of infinitesimal Gribov copies as well as the dynamical formation of condensates in the infrared of Euclidean Yang-Mills theories. We couple scalar fields to the RGZ action and compute the one-loop scalar propagator in the adjoint representation of the gauge group. We compare our findings with existing lattice data. The fate of BRST symmetry in this model is discussed, and we provide a comparison to a previous proposal for a non-minimal coupling between matter and the RGZ action. We find good agreement with the lattice data of the scalar propagator for the values of the mass parameters that fit the RGZ gluon propagator to the lattice. This suggests that the non-perturbative information carried by the gluon propagator in the RGZ framework provides a suitable mechanism to reproduce the behavior of correlation functions of colored matter fields in the infrared.
description: 18 pages + refs.; 6 figures; Matches the journal version
Some Ageing Properties of Dynamic Additive Mean Residual Life Model
Creators: name: Das, Suchismita
name: Nanda, Asok K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 62N05, Secondary 90B25

description: Although proportional hazard rate model is a very popular model to analyze failure time data, sometimes it becomes important to study the additive hazard rate model. Again, sometimes the concept of the hazard rate function is abstract, in comparison to the concept of mean residual life function. A new model called `dynamic additive mean residual life model' where the covariates are time-dependent has been defined in the literature. Here we study the closure properties of the model for different positive and negative ageing classes under certain condition(s). Quite a few examples are presented to illustrate different properties of the model.
description: 13 pages
Superfluidity in Bose-Hubbard circuits
Creators: name: Arwas, Geva
name: Cohen, Doron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A semiclassical theory is provided for the metastability regime-diagram of atomtronic superfluid circuits. Such circuits typically exhibit high-dimensional chaos; and non-linear resonances that couple the Bogoliubov excitations manifest themselves. Contrary to the expectation these resonances do not originate from the familiar Beliaev and Landau damping terms. Rather, they are described by a variant of the Cherry Hamiltonian of celestial mechanics. Consequently we study the induced decay process, and its dependence on the number of sites and of condensed particles.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, expanded version
Pinning Susceptibility : A Novel Method to Study Growth of Amorphous Order in Glass-forming Liquids
Creators: name: Das, Rajsekhar
name: Chakrabarty, Saurish
name: Karmakar, Smarajit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Existence and growth of amorphous order in supercooled liquids approaching glass transition is a subject of intense research. Even after decades of work, there is still no clear consensus on the molecular mechanisms that lead to a rapid slowing down of liquid dynamics approaching this putative transition. The existence of a correlation length associated with amorphous order has recently been postulated and also been estimated using multi-point correlation functions which cannot be calculated easily in experiments. Thus the study of growing amorphous order remains mostly restricted to systems like colloidal glasses and simulations of model glass-forming liquids. In this Letter, we propose an experimentally realizable yet simple correlation function to study the growth of amorphous order. We then demonstrate the validity of this approach for a few well-studied model supercooled liquids and obtain results which are consistent with other conventional methods.
description: 6 page article, 7 page supplementary information
Active nematics on flat surfaces: from droplet motility and scission to active wetting
Creators: name: Coelho, Rodrigo C. V.
name: Figueiredo, Hélio R. J. C.
name: da Gama, Margarida M. Telo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the dynamics of active nematics droplets on flat surfaces, based on the continuum hydrodynamic theory. We investigate a wide range of dynamical regimes as a function of the activity and droplet size on surfaces characterized by strong anchoring and a range of equilibrium contact angles. The activity was found to control a variety of dynamical regimes, including the self-propulsion of droplets on surfaces, scission, active wetting and droplet evaporation. Furthermore, we found that on a given surface (characterized by the anchoring and the equilibrium contact angle) the dynamical regimes may be controlled by the active capillary number of suspended droplets. We also found that the active nematics concentration of the droplets varies with the activity, affecting the wetting behaviour weakly but ultimately driving droplet evaporation. Our analysis provides a global description of a wide range of dynamical regimes reported for active nematics droplets and suggests a unified description of droplets on surfaces. We discuss the key role of the finite size of the droplet and comment on the suppression of these regimes in the infinite size limit, where the active nematics is turbulent at any degree of activity.
Shapes and features of the primordial bispectrum
Creators: name: Gong, Jinn-Ouk
name: Palma, Gonzalo A.
name: Sypsas, Spyros
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If time-dependent disruptions from slow-roll occur during inflation, the correlation functions of the primordial curvature perturbation should have scale-dependent features, a case which is marginally supported from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. We offer a new approach to analyze the appearance of such features in the primordial bispectrum that yields new consistency relations and justifies the search of oscillating patterns modulated by orthogonal and local templates. Under the assumption of sharp features, we find that the cubic couplings of the curvature perturbation can be expressed in terms of the bispectrum in two specific momentum configurations, for example local and equilateral. This allows us to derive consistency relations among different bispectrum shapes, which in principle could be tested in future CMB surveys. Furthermore, based on the form of the consistency relations, we construct new two-parameter templates for features that include all the known shapes.
description: (v1) 16 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; (v2) minor clarifications including updated abstract, to appear in Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Phasenfeldmodellierung von Bruchbildungs-, Kristallisations- und Auflösungsvorgängen in hydrothermalen Umgebungen
Creators: name: Späth, Michael
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022
Subjects: Phasenfeldsimulation
Rissausbreitung
Kristallisation
Kristallauflösung
Mikrostrukturanalyse
phase-field simulation
fracture formation
crystallization
crystal dissolution
microstructure analysis

description: In dieser Arbeit werden Bruchbildungs-, Kristallisations- und Kristallauflösungsprozesse in unterirdischen hydrothermalen Umgebungen auf Mikroebene numerisch untersucht. Für die Abbildung dieser Prozesse werden Phasenfeld-Modelle vorgestellt. Es werden Bildungsprozesse von Mineraladern in Kalksteinen und in quarzreichen Mikrostrukturen und Auflösungsprozesse von verschiedenen Mineralen modelliert, wobei verschiedene Einflussfaktoren auf die sich bildenden Kristallstrukturen untersucht werden.
Integrating Critical Care in Emergency General Surgery
Creators: name: Bryan Albert, Elijah Eugene
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This study explores the integration of critical care principles into the realm of emergency general surgery, emphasizing the need for a cohesive approach to optimize patient outcomes. Focused on the intersection of critical care and emergency surgical interventions, the research investigates strategies for early recognition, timely intervention, and collaborative management, aiming to enhance the quality of care for patients facing acute surgical emergencies.
Multichannel Molecular State and Rectified Short-range Boundary Condition for Spin-orbit Coupled Ultracold Fermions Near p-wave Resonances
Creators: name: Cui, Xiaoling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the interplay of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and strong p-wave interaction to the scattering property of spin-1/2 ultracold Fermi gases. Based on a two-channel square-well potential generating p-wave resonance, we show that the presence of an isotropic SOC, even for its length much longer than the potential range, can greatly modify the p-wave short-range boundary condition(BC). As a result, the conventional p-wave BC cannot predict the induced molecules near p-wave resonance, which can be fully destroyed to vanish due to strong interference between s- and p-wave channels. By analyzing the intrinsic reasons for the breakdown of conventional BC, we propose a new p-wave BC that can excellently reproduce the exact molecule solutions and also equally apply for a wide class of single-particle potentials besides SOC. This work reveals the significant effect of SOC to both the short- and long-range properties of fermions near p-wave resonance, paving the way for future exploring interesting few- and many-body physics in such system.
description: 4.5 pages, 3 figures; published version
Nominal Unification of Higher Order Expressions with Recursive Let
Creators: name: Schmidt-Schauß, Manfred
name: Kutsia, Temur
name: Levy, Jordi
name: Villaret, Mateu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A sound and complete algorithm for nominal unification of higher-order expressions with a recursive let is described, and shown to run in non-deterministic polynomial time. We also explore specializations like nominal letrec-matching for plain expressions and for DAGs and determine the complexity of corresponding unification problems.
description: Pre-proceedings paper presented at the 26th International Symposium on Logic-Based Program Synthesis and Transformation (LOPSTR 2016), Edinburgh, Scotland UK, 6-8 September 2016 (arXiv:1608.02534)
Improved Distance Queries and Cycle Counting by Frobenius Normal Form
Creators: name: Sankowski, Piotr
name: Węgrzycki, Karol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2

description: Consider an unweighted, directed graph $G$ with the diameter $D$. In this paper, we introduce the framework for counting cycles and walks of given length in matrix multiplication time $\widetilde{O}(n^ω)$. The framework is based on the fast decomposition into Frobenius normal form and the Hankel matrix-vector multiplication. It allows us to solve the All-Nodes Shortest Cycles, All-Pairs All Walks problems efficiently and also give some improvement upon distance queries in unweighted graphs.
description: Lemma 2 in the previous version of this paper is incorrect. We thank Adam Karczmarz for pointing out the mistake
MUFASA: The assembly of the red sequence
Creators: name: Davé, Romeel
name: Rafieferantsoa, Mika H.
name: Thompson, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the growth and evolution of quenched galaxies in the Mufasa cosmological hydrodynamic simulations that include an evolving halo mass-based quenching prescription, with galaxy colours computed accounting for line-of-sight extinction to individual star particles. Mufasa reproduces the observed present-day red sequence reasonably well, including its slope, amplitude, and scatter. In Mufasa, the red sequence slope is driven entirely by the steep stellar mass-stellar metallicity relation, which independently agrees with observations. High-mass star-forming galaxies blend smoothly onto the red sequence, indicating the lack of a well-defined green valley at M*>10^10.5 Mo. The most massive galaxies quench the earliest and then grow very little in mass via dry merging; they attain their high masses at earlier epochs when cold inflows more effectively penetrate hot halos. To higher redshifts, the red sequence becomes increasingly contaminated with massive dusty star-forming galaxies; UVJ selection subtly but effectively separates these populations. We then examine the evolution of the mass functions of central and satellite galaxies split into passive and star-forming via UVJ. Massive quenched systems show good agreement with observations out to z~2, despite not including a rapid early quenching mode associated with mergers. However, low-mass quenched galaxies are far too numerous at z<1 in Mufasa, indicating that Mufasa strongly over-quenches satellites. A challenge for hydrodynamic simulations is to devise a quenching model that produces enough early massive quenched galaxies and keeps them quenched to z=0, while not being so strong as to over-quench satellites; Mufasa's current scheme fails at the latter.
description: 19 pages, MNRAS accepted. Several interesting figures added based on referee's comments
VITALISE D4.3 Printed educational material
Creators: name: Spagnoli Francesca
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Following up the exchanges intercurred with the European Commission, the WP4 team, in agreement with the VITALISE Project Coordinator, has decided to merge D4.1 Online educational materials (first version) and D4.3 Printed Education materials (first version), due to the fact that both materials are strictly interlinked and most of the printed materials are expected to be produced in the second half of the project development, as a result of the work carried out in Task 4.4 “Fast Track Training” and Task 4.5 “Design and implementation of common postgraduate courses” and in Task 4.5 for the VITALISE Postgraduate Course in 2023, which is currently under development. At the current stage (M18), two educational posters have been produced by the VITALISE team to be used as printed materials within the VITALISE General Assembly meeting in Helsinki from 11 to 12 May 2022, as presented in more detail in D4.1 (first version). For this reason, both D4.1 and D4.3 will be updated in M36 and reflected on D4.2 Online educational material (final version) and D4.4 Printed educational material (final version) to include the online and printed educational materials created by the VITALISE team within the context of the WP4. For this first step the WP4 team has concluded it would have been very beneficial to include all contents in a single document.
A note on weak convergence of the $n$-point motions of Harris flows
Creators: name: Fomichov, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we extend the main results of [2] and [8], which concern the weak convergence of the $n$-point motions of smooth Harris flows to those of the Arratia flow, to the case when the covariance functions of these Harris flows converge pointwise to a covariance function whose support is of zero Lebesgue measure.
Reproduction d’une gravure sur cuivre ou acier intitulée « Procession de la nuit du Jeudi Saint à Perpignan », face page 76 de l’ouvrage du Dr Carrère « Voyage pittoresque en France avec description de toutes ses provinces » (1787), appartenant à Henri Ribeil. Vue détaillée du quart inférieur droit et extrait de la légende
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Rank-Based Causal Discovery for Post-Nonlinear Models
Creators: name: Keropyan, Grigor
name: Strieder, David
name: Drton, Mathias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H22, 62D20

description: Learning causal relationships from empirical observations is a central task in scientific research. A common method is to employ structural causal models that postulate noisy functional relations among a set of interacting variables. To ensure unique identifiability of causal directions, researchers consider restricted subclasses of structural causal models. Post-nonlinear (PNL) causal models constitute one of the most flexible options for such restricted subclasses, containing in particular the popular additive noise models as a further subclass. However, learning PNL models is not well studied beyond the bivariate case. The existing methods learn non-linear functional relations by minimizing residual dependencies and subsequently test independence from residuals to determine causal orientations. However, these methods can be prone to overfitting and, thus, difficult to tune appropriately in practice. As an alternative, we propose a new approach for PNL causal discovery that uses rank-based methods to estimate the functional parameters. This new approach exploits natural invariances of PNL models and disentangles the estimation of the non-linear functions from the independence tests used to find causal orientations. We prove consistency of our method and validate our results in numerical experiments.
description: Accepted for the 26th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 2023
Systematic Survey for [OII], [OIII], and H$α$ Blobs at $z=0.1-1.5$: The Implication for Evolution of Galactic-Scale Outflow
Creators: name: Yuma, Suraphong
name: Ouchi, Masami
name: Drake, Alyssa B.
name: Fujimoto, Seiji
name: Kojima, Takashi
name: Sugahara, Yuma
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We conduct a systematic search for galaxies at $z=0.1-1.5$ with [OII]$\lambda3727$, [OIII]$\lambda5007$, or H$α\lambda6563$ emission lines extended over at least 30 kpc by using deep narrowband and broadband imaging in Subaru-XMM Deep Survey (SXDS) field. These extended emission-line galaxies are dubbed [OII], [OIII], or H$α$ blobs. Based on a new selection method that securely selects extended emission-line galaxies, we find 77 blobs at $z=0.40-1.46$ with the isophotal area of emission lines down to $1.2\times10^{-18}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$ kpc$^{-2}$. Four of them are spectroscopically confirmed to be [OIII] blobs at $z=0.83$. We identify AGN activities in 8 blobs with X-ray and radio data and find that the fraction of AGN contribution increases with increasing isophotal area of the extended emission. With the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) and Anderson-Darling tests, we confirm that the stellar-mass distributions of H$α$ and [OII] blobs are not drawn from those of the emitters at the $>90$% confidence level in that H$α$ and [OII] blobs are located at the massive end of the distributions, but cannot reject null hypothesis of being the same distributions in terms of the specific star formation rates. It is suggested that galactic-scale outflows tend to be more prominent in more massive star-forming galaxies. Exploiting our sample homogeneously selected over the large area, we derive the number densities of blobs at each epoch. The number densities of blobs decrease drastically with redshifts at the rate that is larger than that of the decrease of cosmic star formation densities.
description: 17 pages, 16 figures, Accepted for Publication in ApJ
Experimental Investigation of Stub Resonators Built in Plasmonic Slot Waveguides
Creators: name: Naghizadeh, Solmaz
name: Afridi, Adeel
name: Arısev, Ongun
name: Karaşahin, Aziz
name: Kocabaş, Şükrü Ekin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we focus on stub resonators embedded in plasmonic slot waveguides. The resonators have potential applications in optical interconnects and sensors. We fabricate the samples by electron beam lithography and lift-off. We use a scattering matrix based model to quantify the optical power output from the samples. We measure the properties of the resonators by coupling light in and out of the slot waveguides by optical antennas, making use of a cross-polarization based setup utilizing a supercontinuum source and a high numerical aperture objective lens operating in the telecom-wavelength range. Our model agrees well with the measured data. Further development on the stub resonators can be made by using the methods in this paper.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, published version
Skein relations for tangle Floer homology
Creators: name: Petkova, Ina
name: Wong, C. -M. Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In a previous paper, Vértesi and the first author used grid-like Heegaard diagrams to define tangle Floer homology, which associates to a tangle $T$ a differential graded bimodule $\widetilde{\mathrm{CT}} (T)$. If $L$ is obtained by gluing together $T_1, \dotsc, T_m$, then the knot Floer homology $\hat{\mathrm{HFK}}(L)$ of $L$ can be recovered from $\widetilde{\mathrm{CT}} (T_1), \dotsc, \widetilde{\mathrm{CT}} (T_m)$. In the present paper, we prove combinatorially that tangle Floer homology satisfies unoriented and oriented skein relations, generalizing the skein exact triangles for knot Floer homology.
description: 72 pages, 48 figures, 5 tables. Minor revisions
A Model for Nonthermal Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection
Creators: name: Li, Xiaocan
name: Guo, Fan
name: Liu, Yi-Hsin
name: Li, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The past decade has seen an outstanding development of nonthermal particle acceleration in magnetic reconnection in magnetically-dominated systems, with clear signatures of power-law energy distributions as a common outcome of first-principles kinetic simulations. Here we propose a semi-analytical model for systematically investigating nonthermal particle acceleration in reconnection. We show particle energy distributions are well determined by particle injection, acceleration, and escape processes. Using a series of kinetic simulations, we accurately evaluate the energy- and time-dependent model coefficients. The resulting spectral characteristics, including the spectral index and lower and upper bounds of the power-law distribution, agree well with the simulation results. Finally, we apply the model to predict the power-law indices and break energies in astrophysical reconnection systems.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, published by ApJL
Scale-Free Random SAT Instances
Creators: name: Ansótegui, Carlos
name: Bonet, Maria Luisa
name: Levy, Jordi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We focus on the random generation of SAT instances that have properties similar to real-world instances. It is known that many industrial instances, even with a great number of variables, can be solved by a clever solver in a reasonable amount of time. This is not possible, in general, with classical randomly generated instances. We provide a different generation model of SAT instances, called \emph{scale-free random SAT instances}. It is based on the use of a non-uniform probability distribution $P(i)\sim i^{-β}$ to select variable $i$, where $β$ is a parameter of the model. This results into formulas where the number of occurrences $k$ of variables follows a power-law distribution $P(k)\sim k^{-δ}$ where $δ= 1 + 1/β$. This property has been observed in most real-world SAT instances. For $β=0$, our model extends classical random SAT instances. We prove the existence of a SAT-UNSAT phase transition phenomenon for scale-free random 2-SAT instances with $β<1/2$ when the clause/variable ratio is $m/n=\frac{1-2β}{(1-β)^2}$. We also prove that scale-free random k-SAT instances are unsatisfiable with high probability when the number of clauses exceeds $ω(n^{(1-β)k})$. %This implies that the SAT/UNSAT phase transition phenomena vanishes when $β>1-1/k$, and formulas are unsatisfiable due to a small core of clauses. The proof of this result suggests that, when $β>1-1/k$, the unsatisfiability of most formulas may be due to small cores of clauses. Finally, we show how this model will allow us to generate random instances similar to industrial instances, of interest for testing purposes.
Scalable precision wide-field imaging in radio interferometry: I. uSARA validated on ASKAP data
Creators: name: Wilber, Amanda G.
name: Dabbech, Arwa
name: Jackson, Adrian
name: Wiaux, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: As Part I of a paper series showcasing a new imaging framework, we consider the recently proposed unconstrained Sparsity Averaging Reweighted Analysis (uSARA) optimisation algorithm for wide-field, high-resolution, high-dynamic range, monochromatic intensity imaging. We reconstruct images from real radio-interferometric observations obtained with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) and present these results in comparison to the widely-used, state-of-the-art imager WSClean. Selected fields come from the ASKAP Early Science and Evolutionary Map of the Universe (EMU) Pilot surveys and contain several complex radio sources: the merging cluster system Abell 3391-95, the merging cluster SPT-CL 2023-5535, and many extended, or bent-tail, radio galaxies, including the X-shaped radio galaxy PKS 2014-558 and the ``dancing ghosts'', known collectively as PKS 2130-538. The modern framework behind uSARA utilises parallelisation and automation to solve for the w-effect and efficiently compute the measurement operator, allowing for wide-field reconstruction over the full field-of-view of individual ASKAP beams (up to 3.3 deg each). The precision capability of uSARA produces images with both super-resolution and enhanced sensitivity to diffuse components, surpassing traditional CLEAN algorithms which typically require a compromise between such yields. Our resulting monochromatic uSARA-ASKAP images of the selected data highlight both extended, diffuse emission and compact, filamentary emission at very high resolution (up to 2.2 arcsec), revealing never-before-seen structure. Here we present a validation of our uSARA-ASKAP images by comparing the morphology of reconstructed sources, measurements of diffuse flux, and spectral index maps with those obtained from images made with WSClean.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Nearly-optimal quantum control: analytical approach
Creators: name: Sun, Chen
name: Saxena, Avadh
name: Sinitsyn, Nikolai A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose nearly-optimal control strategies for changing states of a quantum system. We argue that quantum control optimization can be studied analytically within some protocol families that depend on a small set of parameters for optimization. This optimization strategy can be preferred in practice because it is physically transparent and does not lead to combinatorial complexity in multistate problems. For demonstration, we design optimized control protocols that achieve switching between orthogonal states of a naturally biased quantum two-level system.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures
Rational links and DT invariants of quivers
Creators: name: Stosic, Marko
name: Wedrich, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We prove that the generating functions for the colored HOMFLY-PT polynomials of rational links are specializations of the generating functions of the motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants of appropriate quivers that we naturally associate with these links. This shows that the conjectural links-quivers correspondence of Kucharski-Reineke-Stošić-Sułkowski as well as the LMOV conjecture hold for rational links. Along the way, we extend the links-quivers correspondence to tangles and, thus, explore elements of a skein theory for motivic Donaldson-Thomas invariants.
description: 28 pages, page numbers differ from published version
Heat capacity for systems with excited-state quantum phase transitions
Creators: name: Cejnar, Pavel
name: Stránský, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heat capacities of model systems with finite numbers of effective degrees of freedom are evaluated using canonical and microcanonical thermodynamics. Discrepancies between both approaches, which are observed even in the infinite-size limit, are particularly large in systems that exhibit an excited-state quantum phase transition. The corresponding irregularity of the spectrum generates a singularity in the microcanonical heat capacity and affects smoothly the canonical heat capacity.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Scalable precision wide-field imaging in radio interferometry: II. AIRI validated on ASKAP data
Creators: name: Wilber, Amanda G.
name: Dabbech, Arwa
name: Terris, Matthieu
name: Jackson, Adrian
name: Wiaux, Yves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Accompanying Part I, this sequel delineates a validation of the recently proposed AI for Regularisation in radio-interferometric Imaging (AIRI) algorithm on observations from the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). The monochromatic AIRI-ASKAP images showcased in this work are formed using the same parallelised and automated imaging framework described in Part I: ``uSARA validated on ASKAP data''. Using a Plug-and-Play approach, AIRI differs from uSARA by substituting a trained denoising deep neural network (DNN) for the proximal operator in the regularisation step of the forward-backward algorithm during deconvolution. We build a trained shelf of DNN denoisers which target the estimated image-dynamic-ranges of our selected data. Furthermore, we quantify variations of AIRI reconstructions when selecting the nearest DNN on the shelf versus using a universal DNN with the highest dynamic range, opening the door to a more complete framework that not only delivers image estimation but also quantifies epistemic model uncertainty. We continue our comparative analysis of source structure, diffuse flux measurements, and spectral index maps of selected target sources as imaged by AIRI and the algorithms in Part I -- uSARA and WSClean. Overall we see an improvement over uSARA and WSClean in the reconstruction of diffuse components in AIRI images. The scientific potential delivered by AIRI is evident in further imaging precision, more accurate spectral index maps, and a significant acceleration in deconvolution time, whereby AIRI is four times faster than its sub-iterative sparsity-based counterpart uSARA.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Chemical modeling for predicting the abundances of certain aldimines and amines in hot cores
Creators: name: Sil, Milan
name: Gorai, Prasanta
name: Das, Ankan
name: Bhat, Bratati
name: Etim, Emmanuel E.
name: Chakrabarti, Sandip K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider six isomeric groups (CH3N, CH5N, C2H5N, C2H7N, C3H7N and C3H9N) to review the presence of amines and aldimines within the interstellar medium (ISM). Each of these groups contains at least one aldimine or amine. Methanimine (CH2NH) from CH3N and methylamine (CH3NH2) from CH5N isomeric group were detected a few decades ago. Recently, the presence of ethanimine (CH3CHNH) from C2H5N isomeric group has been discovered in the ISM. This prompted us to investigate the possibility of detecting any aldimine or amine from the very next three isomeric groups in this sequence: C2H7N, C3H7N and C3H9N. We employ high-level quantum chemical calculations to estimate accurate energies of all the species. According to enthalpies of formation, optimized energies, and expected intensity ratio, we found that ethylamine (precursor of glycine) from C2H7N isomeric group, (1Z)-1-propanimine from C3H7N isomeric group, and trimethylamine from C3H9N isomeric group are the most viable candidates for the future astronomical detection. Based on our quantum chemical calculations and from other approximations (from prevailing similar types of reactions), a complete set of reaction pathways to the synthesis of ethylamine and (1Z)-1-propanimine is prepared. Moreover, a large gas-grain chemical model is employed to study the presence of these species in the ISM. Our modeling results suggest that ethylamine and (1Z)-1-propanimine could efficiently be formed in hot-core regions and could be observed with present astronomical facilities. Radiative transfer modeling is also implemented to additionally aid their discovery in interstellar space.
description: 32 pages, 18 Figures, Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Experimental observation of phase transitions of a deformed Dicke model using a reconfigurable, bi-parametric electronic platform
Creators: name: Quiroz-Juarez, Mario A.
name: Corps, Ángel L.
name: Molina, Rafael A.
name: Relaño, Armando
name: Aragón, José L.
name: León-Montiel, Roberto de J.
name: Hirsch, Jorge G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We experimentally study the infinite-size limit of the Dicke model of quantum optics with a parity-breaking deformation strength that couples the system to an external bosonic reservoir. We focus on the dynamical consequences of such symmetry-breaking, which makes the classical phase space asymmetric with non-equivalent energy wells. We present an experimental implementation of the classical version of the deformed Dicke model using a state-of-the-art bi-parametric electronic platform. Our platform constitutes a playground for studying representative phenomena of the deformed Dicke model in electrical circuits with the possibility of externally controlling parameters and initial conditions. In particular, we investigate the dynamics of the ground state, various phase transitions, and the asymmetry of the energy wells as a function of the coupling strength $γ$ and the deformation strength $α$ in the resonant case. Additionally, to characterize the various behavior regimes, we present a two-dimensional phase diagram as a function of the two intrinsic system parameters. The onset of chaos is also analyzed experimentally. Our findings provide a clear connection between theoretical predictions and experimental observations, demonstrating the usefulness of our bi-parametric electronic setup.
Measuring CP nature of top-Higgs couplings at the future Large Hadron electron collider
Creators: name: Coleppa, Baradhwaj
name: Kumar, Mukesh
name: Kumar, Satendra
name: Mellado, Bruce
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the sensitivity of top-Higgs coupling by considering the associated vertex as CP phase ($ζ_t$) dependent through the process $p\, e^- \to \bar t \,h \,ν_e$ in the future Large Hadron electron collider. In particular the decay modes are taken to be $h \to b\bar b$ and $\bar t \to$ leptonic mode. Several distinct $ζ_t$ dependent features are demonstrated by considering observables like cross sections, top-quark polarisation, rapidity difference between $h$ and $\bar t$ and different angular asymmetries. Luminosity ($L$) dependent exclusion limits are obtained for $ζ_t$ by considering significance based on fiducial cross sections at different $σ$-levels. For electron and proton beam-energies of 60 GeV and 7 TeV respectively, at $L = 100$~fb$^{-1}$, the regions above $π/5 < ζ_t \leq π$ are excluded at 2$σ$ confidence level, which reflects better sensitivity expected at the Large Hadron Collider. With appropriate error fitting methodology we find that the accuracy of SM top-Higgs coupling could be measured to be $κ= 1.00 \pm 0.17 (0.08)$ at $\sqrt{s} = 1.3 (1.8)$ TeV for an ultimate $L = 1 \,\rm{ab}^{-1}$.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 table, text modified, accepted for publication in Physics Letters B
Spin alignment of vector mesons from quark dynamics in a rotating medium
Creators: name: Wei, Minghua
name: Huang, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Vorticities in heavy-ion collisions (HICs) are supposed to induce spin alignment and polarization phenomena of quarks and mesons. In this work, we analyze the spin alignment of vector mesons $ϕ$ and $ρ$ induced by rotation from quark dynamics in the framework of the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. The rotating angular velocity induces mass splitting of spin components for vector $ϕ,ρ$ mesons $M_{ϕ,ρ}(Ω)\simeq M_{ϕ,ρ}(Ω=0)-s_{z}Ω$. This behavior contributes to the spin alignment of vector mesons $ϕ,ρ$ in an equilibrium medium and naturally explains the negative deviation of $ρ_{00}-1/3$ for vector mesons. Incidentally, the positive deviation of $ρ_{00}-1/3$ under the magnetic field can also be easily understood from quark dynamics.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures
Emergency Radiology in Surgical Decision-Making
Creators: name: Marie Bradley, Russell Ralph
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: This study explores the pivotal role of emergency radiology in guiding surgical decision-making for acute and critical conditions. Focused on the integration of advanced imaging techniques, the research investigates how radiological assessments influence the diagnostic and therapeutic pathways in emergency surgery. The study aims to elucidate the impact of timely and accurate radiological information on surgical decision-making, ultimately optimizing patient outcomes in emergency scenarios.
Revisiting fine-tuning in the MSSM
Creators: name: Ross, Graham G.
name: Schmidt-Hoberg, Kai
name: Staub, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We evaluate the amount of fine-tuning in constrained versions of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), with different boundary conditions at the GUT scale. Specifically we study the fully constrained version as well as the cases of non-universal Higgs and gaugino masses. We allow for the presence of additional non-holomorphic soft-terms which we show further relax the fine-tuning. Of particular importance is the possibility of a Higgsino mass term and we discuss possible origins for such a term in UV complete models. We point out that loop corrections typically lead to a reduction in the fine-tuning by a factor of about two compared to the estimate at tree-level, which has been overlooked in many recent works. Taking these loop corrections into account, we discuss the impact of current limits from SUSY searches and dark matter on the fine-tuning. Contrary to common lore, we find that the MSSM fine-tuning can be as small as 10 while remaining consistent with all experimental constraints. If, in addition, the dark matter abundance is fully explained by the neutralino LSP, the fine-tuning can still be as low as $\sim$ 20 in the presence of additional non-holomorphic soft-terms. We also discuss future prospects of these models and find that the MSSM will remain natural even in the case of a non-discovery in the foreseeable future.
description: 23 pages, 10 figures; v2: added references, matches published version
Super Rogers-Szegö polynomials associated with $BC_N$ type of Polychronakos spin chains
Creators: name: Basu-Mallick, B.
name: Datta, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As is well known, multivariate Rogers-Szegö polynomials are closely connected with the partition functions of the $A_{N-1}$ type of Polychronakos spin chains having long-range interactions. Applying the `freezing trick', here we derive the partition functions for a class of $BC_N$ type of Polychronakos spin chains containing supersymmetric analogues of polarized spin reversal operators and subsequently use those partition functions to obtain novel multivariate super Rogers-Szegö (SRS) polynomials depending on four types of variables. We construct the generating functions for such SRS polynomials and show that these polynomials can be written as some bilinear combinations of the $A_{N-1}$ type of SRS polynomials. We also use the above mentioned generating functions to derive a set of recursion relations for the partition functions of the $BC_N$ type of Polychronakos spin chains involving different numbers of lattice sites and internal degrees of freedom.
description: 33 pages, minor typos corrected, journal reference given
Recapture Probability for anti-trapped Rydberg states in optical tweezers
Creators: name: de Keijzer, R. J. P. T.
name: Tse, O.
name: Kokkelmans, S. J. J. M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a neutral atom quantum computer, the qubits are individual neutral atoms trapped in optical tweezers. Excitations to Rydberg states form the basis for the entanglement procedure that is at the basis of multi-qubit quantum gates. However, these Rydberg atoms are often anti-trapped, leading to decoherence and atom loss. In this work, we give a quantum mechanical description of the anti-trapping loss rates and determine the recapture probability after Rydberg excitation, distinguishing between having the laser traps turned on and off. We find that there is ample time ($\approx$ 30 $μ$s, in a Strontium-88 system) needed for the wave functions to expand out off the trap. Therefore, even with traps on, $\approx$ 100% recapture probabilities can be expected for times in which significant entanglement operations between atoms can be performed. We find that for 2D radial traps with bosonic Strontium-88 atoms, the time in which perfect recapture can be achieved, is of the same order of magnitude for traps on, and off.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures