cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Conceptual Framework and Methodology for Analysing Previous Molecular Docking Results
Creators: name: Temelkovski, Damjan
Publisher: name: University of Westminster
Year: 2019

description: Modern drug discovery relies on in-silico computational simulations such as molecular docking. Molecular docking models biochemical interactions to predict where and how two molecules would bind. The results of large-scale molecular docking simulations can provide valuable insight into the relationship between two molecules. This is useful to a biomedical scientist before conducting in-vitro or in-vivo wet-lab experiments. Although this ˝eld has seen great advancements, feedback from biomedical scientists shows that there is a need for storage and further analysis of molecular docking results. To meet this need, biomedical scientists need to have access to computing, data, and network resources, and require speci˝c knowledge or skills they might lack. Therefore, a conceptual framework speci˝cally tailored to enable biomedical scientists to reuse molecular docking results, and a methodology which uses regular input from scientists, has been proposed. The framework is composed of 5 types of elements and 13 interfaces. The methodology is light and relies on frequent communication between biomedical sciences and computer science experts, speci˝ed by particular roles. It shows how developers can bene˝t from using the framework which allows them to determine whether a scenario ˝ts the framework, whether an already implemented element can be reused, or whether a newly proposed tool can be used as an element. Three scenarios that show the versatility of this new framework and the methodology based on it, have been identi˝ed and implemented. A methodical planning and design approach was used and it was shown that the implementations are at least as usable as existing solutions. To eliminate the need for access to expensive computing infrastructure, state-of-the-art cloud computing techniques are used. The implementations enable faster identi˝cation of new molecules for use in docking, direct querying of existing databases, and simpler learning of good molecular docking practice without the need to manually run multiple tools. Thus, the framework and methodol-ogy enable more user-friendly implementations, and less error-prone use of computational methods in drug discovery. Their use could lead to more e˙ective discovery of new drugs.
Divided Data-Driven Disciplines? A scoping meta-review and bibliometric analysis of the implementations of data-driven decision making across different fields of research
Creators: name: Kalmendal, André
name: Hyltse, Natalie
name: Nordström, Thomas
name: Carlsson, Rickard
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Education
subject: Arts and Humanities
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Life Sciences
subject: Business
subject: meta-review
subject: data-driven
subject: analytics

description: The aim of this scoping meta-review is to compile the DDDM research conducted across disciplines into a comprehensive overview of the included implementations, outcomes, methodologies, and theories/models, as well as to assess methodological quality (in terms of risk of bias). The full protocol following the ProSysRev template is attached.
A global solution curve for a class of free boundary value problems arising in plasma physics
Creators: name: Korman, Philip
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the existence and multiplicity of solutions and the global solution curve of the following free boundary value problem, arising in plasma physics, see R. Temam [18], and H. Berestycki and H. Brezis [3]: find a function $u(x)$ and a constant $b$, satisfying \[ Δu+g(x,u)=p(x) \;\; \mbox{in $D$} \] \[ u \,| \, _{\partial D}=b, \;\;\;\; \int_{\partial D} \frac{\partial u}{\partial n} \, ds=0 \,. \] Here $D \subset R^n$, is a bounded domain, with a smooth boundary. This problem can be seen as a PDE generalization of the periodic problem for one-dimensional pendulum-like equations. We use continuation techniques. Our approach is suitable for numerical computations.
description: 14 pages, comments are welcome
A Singularity in the Kirchhoff's Circuit Equations
Creators: name: Harsha, N R Sree
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Students often have difficulty in understanding qualitatively the behaviour of simple electric circuits. In particular, as different studies have shown, they find multiple batteries connected in multiple loops difficult to analyse. In a recent paper [Phys. Educ. 50 568 (2015)], we showed such an electric circuit, which consists of ideal batteries connected in parallel, that couldn't be solved by the existing circuit analysis methods. In this paper, we shall introduce a new mathematical method of solving simple electric circuits from the solutions of more general circuits and show that the currents, in this particular circuit, take the indeterminate 0/0 form. We shall also present some of the implications of teaching the method. We believe that the description presented in this paper should help the instructors in teaching the behaviour of multiple batteries connected in parallel.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in the European Journal of Physics
Magnetic square lattice with vertex coupling of a preferred orientation
Creators: name: Baradaran, Marzieh
name: Exner, Pavel
name: Lipovský, Jiří
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81Q35 47B93

description: We analyze a square lattice graph in a magnetic field assuming that the vertex coupling is of a particular type violating the time reversal invariance. Calculating the spectrum numerically for rational values of the flux per plaquette we show how the two effects compete; at the high energies it is the magnetic field which dominates restoring asymptotically the familiar Hofstadter's butterfly pattern.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures
CTD2022: Graph Neural Networks for Charged Particle Tracking on FPGAs
Creators: name: Elabd, Abdelrahman
name: Duarte, Javier Mauricio
name: Lai, Bo-Cheng
name: DeZoort, Gage
name: Ojalvo, Isobel
name: Neubauer, Mark
name: Atkinson, Markus Julian
name: Trahms, Matthew
name: Elmer, Peter
name: Thais, Savannah Jennifer
name: Hauck, Scott
name: Huang, Shi-Yu
name: Hsu, Shih-Chieh
name: Razavimaleki, Vesal
name: 胡, 晉瑄
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The determination of charged particle trajectories in collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is an important but challenging problem, especially in the high interaction density conditions expected during the future high-luminosity phase of the LHC (HL-LHC). Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a type of geometric deep learning algorithm that has successfully been applied to this task by embedding tracker data as a graph---nodes represent hits, while edges represent possible track segments---and classifying the edges as true or fake track segments. However, their study in hardware- or software-based trigger applications has been limited due to their large computational cost. In this talk, we introduce an automated translation workflow, integrated into a broader tool called hls4ml, for converting GNNs into firmware for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). We use this translation tool to implement GNNs for charged particle tracking, trained using the TrackML challenge dataset, on FPGAs with designs targeting different graph sizes, task complexites, and latency/throughput requirements. This work could enable the inclusion of charged particle tracking GNNs at the trigger level for HL-LHC experiments.
Minimal factorizations of a cycle: a multivariate generating function
Creators: name: Biane, Philippe
name: Josuat-Vergès, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is known that the number of minimal factorizations of the long cycle in the symmetric group into a product of $k$ cycles of given lengths has a very simple formula: it is $n^{k-1}$ where $n$ is the rank of the underlying symmetric group and $k$ is the number of factors. In particular, this is $n^{n-2}$ for transposition factorizations. The goal of this work is to prove a multivariate generalization of this result. As a byproduct, we get a multivariate analog of Postnikov's hook length formula for trees, and a refined enumeration of final chains of noncrossing partitions.
description: Published as a FPSAC abstract (FPSAC 2016, Vancouver)
A Novel Framework for Modeling and Mitigating Distributed Link Flooding Attacks
Creators: name: Liaskos, hristos
name: Kotronis, Vasileios
name: Dimitropoulos, Xenofontas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Distributed link-flooding attacks constitute a new class of attacks with the potential to segment large areas of the Internet. Their distributed nature makes detection and mitigation very hard. This work proposes a novel framework for the analytical modeling and optimal mitigation of such attacks. The detection is modeled as a problem of relational algebra, representing the association of potential attackers (bots) to potential targets. The analysis seeks to optimally dissolve all but the malevolent associations. The framework is implemented at the level of online Traffic Engineering (TE), which is naturally triggered on link-flooding events. The key idea is to continuously re-route traffic in a manner that makes persistent participation to link-flooding events highly improbable for any benign source. Thus, bots are forced to adopt a suspicious behavior to remain effective, revealing their presence. The load-balancing objective of TE is not affected at all. Extensive simulations on various topologies validate our analytical findings.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, IEEE INFOCOM 2016
Very Large Telescope deep echelle spectroscopy of Galactic planetary nebulae NGC 6153, M 1-42 and Hf 2-2
Creators: name: McNabb, Ian A.
name: Fang, Xuan
name: Liu, Xiaowei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep spectroscopy of three Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) with large abundance discrepancy factors (ADFs): NGC6153, M1-42 and Hf2-2. The spectra were obtained with VLT/UVES and cover the whole optical range (3040-11,000 A) with a spectral resolution of ~20,000. For all three PNe, several hundred emission lines were detected and identified, with more than 70 per cent of them as permitted lines. Most of these permitted lines are excited by recombination. Numerous weak optical recombination lines (ORLs) of O II, C II, N II and Ne II were detected in the spectra and accurate fluxes measured. Line flux tables were compiled and ready for use by the community of nebular astrophysics. These ORLs were critically analyzed using the effective recombination coefficients recently calculated for the optical recombination spectrum of N II and O II under the physical conditions of photoionized gaseous nebulae. Plasma diagnostics based on the heavy element ORLs were carried out using the new atomic data. Elemental abundances derived from the ORLs were systematically higher than those derived from the collisionally excited lines (CELs) by a factor of ~10, 22 and 80 for NGC6153, M1-42 and Hf2-2, respectively. The electron temperatures derived from the heavy element ORLs are systematically lower than those derived from the CELs. These ORL versus CEL abundance and temperature discrepancies, previously observed in the three PNe through deep spectroscopy with medium to low spectral resolution, are thus confirmed by our analysis of the deep echelle spectra using the new atomic data.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS; 31 pages, including 15 figures and 14 tables
Reduced strength and increased variability of extinction selectivity during mass extinctions
Creators: name: Monarrez, Pedro
name: Heim, Noel
name: Payne, Jonathan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Two of the traits most often observed to correlate with extinction risk in marine animals are geographic range and body size. However, the relative effects of these two traits on extinction risk has not been investigated systematically for either background times or during mass extinctions. To close this knowledge gap, we measure and compare extinction selectivity of geographic range and body size of genera within five classes of benthic marine animals across the Phanerozoic using capture-mark-recapture models. During background intervals, narrow geographic range is strongly associated with greater extinction probability, whereas smaller body size is more weakly associated with greater extinction probability. During mass extinctions, the association between geographic range and extinction probability is reduced in every class and fully eliminated in some, whereas the association between body size and extinction probability varies in strength and direction across classes. While geographic range is universally the stronger predictor of survival during background intervals, variation among classes during mass extinction suggests a fundamental shift in extinction processes during these global catastrophes.
description: Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: EAR-1151022Funding provided by: Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability*
Crossref Funder Registry ID:
Award Number:
A classical and a relativistic law of motion for SN1987A
Creators: name: Zaninetti, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we derive some first order differential equations which model the classical and the relativistic thin layer approximations in the presence of a circumstellar medium with a density which is decreasing in the distance $z$ from the equatorial plane. The circumstellar medium is assumed to follow a density profile with $z$ of hyperbolic type, power law type, exponential type or Gaussian type. The first order differential equations are solved analytically, or numerically, or by a series expansion, or by Padé approximants. The initial conditions are chosen in order to model the temporal evolution of SN 1987A over 23 years. The free parameters of the theory are found by maximizing the observational reliability which is based on an observed section of SN 1987A.
description: Figures 12 , pages 22
Elliptic extensions of the alpha-parameter model and the rook model for matchings
Creators: name: Schlosser, Michael J.
name: Yoo, Meesue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05A19 (Primary) 05A15, 05A30, 11B65, 11B73, 11B83 (Secondary)

description: We construct elliptic extensions of the alpha-parameter rook model introduced by Goldman and Haglund and of the rook model for matchings of Haglund and Remmel. In particular, we extend the product formulas of these models to the elliptic setting. By specializing the parameter alpha in our elliptic extension of the alpha-parameter model and the shape of the Ferrers board in different ways, we obtain elliptic analogues of the Stirling numbers of the first kind and of the Abel polynomials, and obtain an a,q-analogue of the matching numbers. We further generalize the rook theory model for matchings by introducing l-lazy graphs which correspond to l-shifted boards, where l is a finite vector of positive integers. The corresponding elliptic product formula generalizes Haglund and Remmel's product formula for matchings already in the non-elliptic basic case.
description: 22 pages. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1512.01720
title: The impact of the World Bank on legal and institutional change in the developing countries
Creators: name: Aoued, Ahmed
Publisher: name: University of Glasgow
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Law, International law, banking.

description: When the World Bank lends to a developing country, it lends in the form of concessional loans, to which are attached conditions, not just conditions of repayment, but also conditions that the recipient government must fulfill by changing some of its previously chosen policies. This Thesis argues that, quite often, the implementation of such conditions has major repercussions on the legal and institutional arrangements of the borrowing country. The core of the argument is that, by making loans, the World Bank adopts a certain doctrinaire development approach, that it is insensitive to the individual situation of borrowing countries, and that the conditions imposed are ideologically biased in favour of the free market, and that it overrides national sovereignty and perpetuates dependency. The Thesis then describes in depth the various types of conditions leading to substantial reforms in the developing countries. It goes on to consider the effect of such reforms on the legal, economic, political and social structures of the borrowing members. Overall, the thesis advocates that for the Bank's objectives in the field of development to be fully achieved, it is the institution which has to change its policy, and not the borrowers.
Bots, Seeds and People: Web Archives as Infrastructure
Creators: name: Summers, Ed
name: Punzalan, Ricardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.3.7; K.4.3

description: The field of web archiving provides a unique mix of human and automated agents collaborating to achieve the preservation of the web. Centuries old theories of archival appraisal are being transplanted into the sociotechnical environment of the World Wide Web with varying degrees of success. The work of the archivist and bots in contact with the material of the web present a distinctive and understudied CSCW shaped problem. To investigate this space we conducted semi-structured interviews with archivists and technologists who were directly involved in the selection of content from the web for archives. These semi-structured interviews identified thematic areas that inform the appraisal process in web archives, some of which are encoded in heuristics and algorithms. Making the infrastructure of web archives legible to the archivist, the automated agents and the future researcher is presented as a challenge to the CSCW and archival community.
Monte Carlo modelling of the linear Breit-Wheeler process within the GEANT4 framework
Creators: name: Watt, R. A.
name: Rose, S. J.
name: Kettle, B.
name: Mangles, S. P. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A linear Breit-Wheeler module for the code Geant4 has been developed. This allows signal-to-noise ratio calculations of linear Breit-Wheeler detection experiments to be performed within a single framework. The interaction between two photon sources is modelled by treating one as a static field, then photons from the second source are sampled and tracked through the field. To increase the efficiency of the module, we have used a Gaussian process regression, which can lead to an increase in the calculation rate by a factor of up to 1000. To demonstrate the capabilities of this module, we use it to perform a parameter scan, modelling an experiment based on that recently reported by Kettle et al. [1]. We show that colliding $50\,$fs duration $γ$-rays, produced through bremsstrahlung emission of a $100\,$pC, $2\,$GeV laser wakefield accelerator beam, with a $50\,$ps X-ray field, generated by a germanium burn-through foil heated to temperatures $>\,150\,$eV, this experiment is capable of producing $>1\,$ Breit-Wheeler pair per shot.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
On the regular representation of measures
Creators: name: Jost, Jürgen
name: Matveev, Rostislav
name: Portegies, Jacobus W.
name: Rodrigues, Christian S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 37C40, 49K45, 49N60, Secondary: 37H10, 37C05

description: We give sufficient conditions for a parametrised family of probability measures on a Riemannian manifold with boundary to be represented by random maps of class $C^k$. The conditions allow for the probability densities to approach zero towards the boundary of the manifold. We also formulate two obstructions to regular representability.
description: 19 pages
FACCE-JPI Thematic Spotlight on...Trade and Telecoupling
Creators: name: Apdini, Titis
name: Muscat, Abigail
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: trade
agriculture
telecoupling
climate
food security

description: This series of thematic pieces spotlight FACCE-JPI projects on a specific theme. This piece will centre on projects with the theme of trade and telecoupling.
Orbital-differentiated coherence-incoherence crossover identified by photoemission spectroscopy in LiFeAs
Creators: name: Miao, H.
name: Yin, Z. P.
name: Wu, S. F.
name: Li, J. M.
name: Ma, J.
name: Lv, B. -Q.
name: Wang, X. P.
name: Qian, T.
name: Richard, P.
name: Xing, L. -Y.
name: Wang, X. -C.
name: Jin, C. Q.
name: Haule, K.
name: Kotliar, G.
name: Ding, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the iron-based superconductors (FeSCs), orbital differentiation is an important phenomenon, whereby correlations stronger on the dxy orbital than on the dxz/yz orbital yield quasi-particles with dxy} orbital character having larger mass renormalization and abnormal temperature evolution. However, the physical origin of this orbital differentiation is debated between the Hund's coupling induced unbinding of spin and orbital degrees of freedom and the Hubbard interaction instigated orbital selective Mott transition. Here we use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy to identify an orbital-dependent correlation-induced quasi-particle (QP) anomaly in LiFeAs. The excellent agreement between our photoemission measurements and first-principles many-body theory calculations shows that the orbital-differentiated QP lifetime anomalies in LiFeAs are controlled by the Hund's coupling.
Can AGN and galaxy clusters explain the surface brightness fluctuations of the cosmic X-ray background?
Creators: name: Kolodzig, Alexander
name: Gilfanov, Marat
name: Hütsi, Gert
name: Sunyaev, Rashid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fluctuations of the surface brightness of cosmic X-ray background (CXB) carry unique information about faint and low luminosity source populations, which is inaccessible for conventional large-scale structure (LSS) studies based on resolved sources. We used Chandra data of the XBOOTES field ($\sim9\,\mathrm{deg^2}$) to conduct the most accurate measurement to date of the power spectrum of fluctuations of the unresolved CXB on the angular scales of $\sim3\,$arcsec $-$ $\sim17\,$arcmin. We find that at sub-arcmin angular scales, the power spectrum is consistent with the AGN shot noise, without much need for any significant contribution from their one-halo term. This is consistent with the theoretical expectation that low-luminosity AGN reside alone in their dark matter halos. However, at larger angular scales we detect a significant LSS signal above the AGN shot noise. Its power spectrum, obtained after subtracting the AGN shot noise, follows a power law with the slope of $-0.8\pm0.1$ and its amplitude is much larger than what can be plausibly explained by the two-halo term of AGN. We demonstrate that the detected LSS signal is produced by unresolved clusters and groups of galaxies. For the flux limit of the XBOOTES survey, their flux-weighted mean redshift equals $\left\sim0.3$, and the mean temperature of their intracluster medium (ICM), $\left\approx 1.4$ keV, corresponds to the mass of $M_{500} \sim 10^{13.5}\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$. The power spectrum of CXB fluctuations carries information about the redshift distribution of these objects and the spatial structure of their ICM on the linear scales of up to $\sim$Mpc, i.e. of the order of the virial radius.
description: 25 pages, 20 figures, submitted to MNRAS, comments welcome
Modelling the environment around five ultracool dwarfs via the radio domain
Creators: name: Metodieva, Y. T.
name: Kuznetsov, A. A.
name: Antonova, A. E.
name: Doyle, J. G.
name: Ramsay, G.
name: Wu, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a series of short radio observations of six ultracool dwarfs made using the upgraded VLA in S (2--4GHz) and C (4--7GHz) bands. LSR J1835+3259 exhibits a 100 percent right-hand circularly polarised burst which shows intense narrowband features with a fast negative frequency drift of about $-30$ MHz $\textrm{s}^{-1}$. They are superimposed on a fainter broadband emission feature with a total duration of about 20 minutes, bandwidth of about 1 GHz, centred at about 3.5 GHz, and a slow positive frequency drift of about 1 MHz $\textrm{s}^{-1}$. This makes it the first such event detected below 4 GHz and the first one exhibiting both positive and negative frequency drifts. Polarised radio emission is also seen in 2MASS J00361617+1821104 and NLTT 33370, while LP 349-25 and TVLM 513-46546 have unpolarised emission and BRI B0021-0214 was not detected. We can reproduce the main characteristics of the burst from LSR J1835+3259 using a model describing the magnetic field of the dwarf as a tilted dipole. We also analyse the origins of the quiescent radio emission and estimate the required parameters of the magnetic field and energetic electrons. Although our results are non-unique, we find a set of models which agree well with the observations.
description: 16 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables
Thrill-K Architecture: Towards a Solution to the Problem of Knowledge Based Understanding
Creators: name: Singer, Gadi
name: Bach, Joscha
name: Grinberg, Tetiana
name: Hakim, Nagib
name: Howard, Phillip
name: Lal, Vasudev
name: Rivlin, Zev
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While end-to-end learning systems are rapidly gaining capabilities and popularity, the increasing computational demands for deploying such systems, along with a lack of flexibility, adaptability, explainability, reasoning and verification capabilities, require new types of architectures. Here we introduce a classification of hybrid systems which, based on an analysis of human knowledge and intelligence, combines neural learning with various types of knowledge and knowledge sources. We present the Thrill-K architecture as a prototypical solution for integrating instantaneous knowledge, standby knowledge and external knowledge sources in a framework capable of inference, learning and intelligent control.
description: Artificial General Intelligence: 15th International Conference, AGI 2022, Seattle, WA, USA, August 2022, Proceedings
The self-coherent camera as a focal plane fine phasing sensor
Creators: name: Janin-Potiron, Pierre
name: Martinez, Patrice
name: Baudoz, Pierre
name: Carbillet, Marcel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct imaging of Earth-like exoplanets requires high contrast imaging capability and high angular resolution. Primary mirror segmentation is a key technological solution for large-aperture telescopes because it opens the path toward significantly increasing the angular resolution. The segments are kept aligned by an active optics system that must reduce segment misalignments below tens of nm RMS to achieve the high optical quality required for astronomical science programs. The development of cophasing techniques is mandatory for the next generation of space- and ground-based segmented telescopes, which both share the need for increasing spatial resolution. We propose a new focal plane cophasing sensor that exploits the scientific image of a coronagraphic instrument to retrieve simultaneously piston and tip-tilt misalignments. The self-coherent camera phasing sensor (SCC-PS) adequately combines the SCC properties to segmented telescope architectures with adapted segment misalignment estimators and image processing. An overview of the system architecture, and a thorough performance and sensitivity analysis, including a closed-loop efficiency, are presented by means of numerical simulations. The SCC-PS estimates simultaneously piston and tip-tilt misalignments and corrects them in closed-loop operation. The SCC-PS does not require any a priori on the signal at the segment boundaries or any dedicated optical path. It has a moderate sensitivity to misalignments, virtually none to pupil shear, and is insensitive to segment gaps and edge effects. Primary mirror phasing can be achieved with bright natural guide star. The SCC-PS is a noninvasive concept and an efficient phasing sensor from the image domain. It is an attractive candidate for segment cophasing at the instrument level or alternatively at the telescope level, as usually envisioned in current space- and ground-based observatories.
description: 10 pages. 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Star shaped quivers in four dimensions
Creators: name: Kim, Hee-Cheol
name: Razamat, Shlomo S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a 4d Lagrangian descriptions, across dimensions IR dual, of compactifications of the 6d $(\text{D},\text{D})$ minimal conformal matter theory on a sphere with arbitrary number of punctures and a particular value of flux as a gauge theory with a simple gauge group. The Lagrangian has the form of a ``star shaped quiver'' with the rank of the central node depending on the 6d theory and the number and type of punctures. Using this Lagrangian one can construct across dimensions duals for arbitrary compactifications (any, genus, any number and type of $\text{USp}$ punctures, and any flux) of the $(\text{D},\text{D})$ minimal conformal matter gauging only symmetries which are manifest in the UV.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Counting the muses in German speakers : evaluation of the German-language translation of the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scales (K-DOCS)
Creators: name: Brauer, Kay
name: Sendatzki, Rebekka
name: Kaufman, James C.
name: Proyer, René T.
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150

description: The Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scales (K-DOCS) assess individual differences in creativity across five domains (Everyday, Scholarly, Performance, Science, and Artistic). We provide data on the psychometric properties and the structural and nomological validity of the German adaptation of the K-DOCS from three samples (Ntotal = 1,379). Our findings supported the 5-factorial structure of the German K-DOCS in line with the original version and prior language adaptations. Our findings showed overall satisfying psychometric properties (reliability: .78 ≤ ωs ≤ .87) and scalar measurement invariance for gender. Correlations with external measures of broad and narrow traits supported the convergent validity (self-reports of creativity and a situational judgment test of creative thinking) and the nomological validity (e.g., Big Five personality traits, cognitive styles, and adult playfulness). Overall, the findings support the notion that the German-language adaptation of the K-DOCS can be used to study individual differences across five domains of creativity.
Lyman-α polarization from cosmological ionization fronts: I. Radiative transfer simulations
Creators: name: Yang, Yuanyuan
name: Koivu, Emily
name: Zeng, Chenxiao
name: Long, Heyang
name: Hirata, Christopher M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we present the formalism of simulating Lyman-$α$ emission and polarization around reionization ($z$ = 8) from a plane-parallel ionization front. We accomplish this by using a Monte Carlo method to simulate the production of a Lyman-$α$ photon, its propagation through an ionization front, and the eventual escape of this photon. This paper focuses on the relation of the input parameters of ionization front speed $U$, blackbody temperature $T_{\rm bb}$, and neutral hydrogen density $n_{\rm HI}$, on intensity $I$ and polarized intensity $P$ as seen by a distant observer. The resulting values of intensity range from $3.18\times 10^{-14}$ erg/cm$^{2}$/s/sr to $1.96 \times 10^{-9}$ erg/cm$^{2}$/s/sr , and the polarized intensity ranges from $5.73\times 10^{-17}$ erg/cm$^{2}$/s/sr to $5.31 \times 10^{-12}$ erg/cm$^{2}$/s/sr. We found that higher $T_{\rm bb}$, higher $U$, and higher $n_{\rm HI}$ contribute to higher intensity, as well as polarized intensity, though the strongest dependence was on the hydrogen density. The dependence of viewing angle of the front is also explored. We present tests to support the validity model, which makes the model suitable for further use in a following paper where we will calculate the intensity and polarized intensity power spectrum on a full reionization simulation.
description: 29 pages, 13 figures, to be submitted to JCAP
Nicht-immunsuppressive Cyclophilin-Inhibitoren
Creators: name: Schiene-Fischer, Cordelia
name: Fischer, Gunter
name: Braun, Manfred
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Cyclophiline, Enzyme mit einer Peptidyl-Prolyl-cis/trans-Isomerase-Aktivität, sind für eine Vielzahl biologischer Prozesse von Bedeutung. Das am häufigsten vorkommende Mitglied dieser Enzymfamilie, Cyclophilin A, ist der zelluläre Rezeptor des Immunsuppressivums Cyclosporin A (CsA). Aufgrund der pathophysiologischen Rolle der Cyclophiline, insbesondere bei Virusinfektionen, besteht ein breites Interesse an der Inhibierung von Cyclophilinen ohne immunsuppressive Wirkung. In diesem Überblick wird zunächst eine Einführung in die physiologische und pathophysiologische Rolle der Cyclophiline gegeben. Die Präsentation der nicht-immunsuppressiven Cyclophilin-Inhibitoren beginnt mit Wirkstoffen, die auf chemischen Modifikationen von CsA basieren. Die makrocyclischen, natürlich vorkommenden Sanglifehrine wurden zu einer weiteren Leitstruktur für Cyclophilin-inhibierende Wirkstoffe. Schließlich werden de novo entwickelte Verbindungen vorgestellt, deren Strukturen nicht von Naturstoffen abgeleitet oder durch sie inspiriert sind. Es werden relevante synthetische Konzepte erörtert, jedoch liegt auch ein Schwerpunkt auf biochemischen Untersuchungen, Struktur-Wirkungs-Beziehungen und klinischen Studien.
Torsionally-Induced Stability in Spinors
Creators: name: Fabbri, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the role of the torsion axial-vector played in the dynamics of the Dirac spinor fields: we show that the torsional correction entails effects that render regular the otherwise singular spinorial matter field distribution. Comments about consequences for physics are given.
description: 7 pages
Scaling of anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic thin films
Creators: name: Grigoryan, Vahram L.
name: Xiao, Jiang
name: Wang, Xuhui
name: Xia, Ke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new scaling law for anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic thin films by distinguishing three scattering sources, namely, bulk impurity, phonon, and more importantly a rough surface. This new scaling law fits the recent experimental data excellently with constant coefficients that are independent of temperature and film thickness. This is in stark constrast with previous scaling laws that use temperature/thickness dependent fitting coefficients, and is a strong indicator that this law captures the essential physics. By intepretating the experiments for Fe, Co, and Ni with this new law, we conclude that (i) the phonon-induced skew scattering is unimportant as expected; (ii) contribution from the impurity-induced skew scattering is negative; (iii) the intrinsic (extrinsic) mechanism dominates in Fe (Co), and both the extrinsic and the intrinsic contribution are important in Ni.
CTD2022: Graph Neural Network for Three Dimensional Object Reconstruction in Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers
Creators: name: Gumpula, Kaushal
name: Aurisano, Adam
name: Grzenda, Daniel
name: Cerati, Giuseppe
name: Lee, Claire
name: Hewes, Jeremy Edmund
name: Kowalkowski, Jim
name: Liao, Wei-Keng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: The Exa.TrkX project presents a graph neural network (GNN) technique for low-level reconstruction of neutrino interactions in a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC). GNNs are still a relatively novel technique, and have shown great promise for similar reconstruction tasks in the LHC. Graphs describing particle interactions are formed by treating each detector hit as a node, with edges describing the relationships between hits. We utilise a multihead attention message passing network which performs graph convolutions in order to label each node with a particle type. We previously demonstrated promising performance for our network. Using Delaunay triangulation as edge-forming technique, we tested different truth labeling schemes (a "full" version where each particle type is its own category, and a "simple" one that merges some of the categories by similar topologies), as well as different versions with or without edges connecting hits across planes (referred to as 3D and 2D networks, respectively). We found that the best accuracy is achieved by the 2D network, although the 3D network provides higher label consistency across planes. In this presentation, in addition to reviewing the network properties and goals, we will demonstrate further improvements in various aspects of the work. These include changes to the merging of categories for the simple truth labeling, the addition of an attention mechanism for 3D edges, and optimization of hyper parameters. After these additions, we will discuss further steps and assess the readiness of the network for usage in real-life neutrino experiments.
X-ray narrow emission lines from the nuclear region of NGC 1365
Creators: name: Whewell, M.
name: Branduardi-Raymont, G.
name: Page, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 1365 is a Seyfert 2 galaxy with a starburst ring in its nuclear region. In this work we look at the XMM Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) data from four 2012-13, three 2007 and two 2004 observations of NGC 1365. We characterise the narrow-line emitting gas visible by XMM RGS and make comparisons between the 2012-13 spectra and those from 2004-07, already published. This source is usually absorbed within the soft X-ray band, with a typical neutral column density of >1.5 x 10$^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$, and only 1 observation of the 9 we investigate shows low enough absorption for the continuum to emerge in the soft X-rays. We stack all observations from 2004-07, and separately three of the four observations from 2012-13, analysing the less absorbed observation separately. We first model the spectra using gaussian profiles representing the narrow line emission. We fit physically motivated models to the 2012-13 stacked spectra, with collisionally ionised components representing the starburst emission and photoionised line emission models representing the AGN line emission. The collisional and photoionised emission line models are fitted together on top of a physical continuum and absorption model. The X-ray narrow emission line spectrum of NGC 1365 is well represented by a combination of two collisionally ionised and three photoionised phases of emitting gas, all with higher than solar nitrogen abundances. This physical model was fitted to the 2012-13 stacked spectrum, and yet also fits well to the 2004-07 stacked spectrum, without changing any characteristics of the emitting gas phases. Our 2004-07 results are consistent with previous emission line work using these data, with 5 additional emission lines detected in both this and the 2012-13 stacked spectra. We also estimate the distance of the X-ray line-emitting photoionised gas from the central source to be <300 pc.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Retrospective data analysis of patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma with or without KRAS-mutation or TTF1-expression
Creators: name: Möller, Miriam
name: Schaedlich, Florian
name: Schütte, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Introduction: Patients with lung adenocarcinoma not expressing TTF1 and those with a KRAS mutation have worse prognosis. However, available data are limited and sometimes contradictory. Therefore, this retrospective cohort analysis aimed to clarify whether there was a difference in overall survival and progression-free survival between these groups of patients. Methods: In total, data derived from 181 patients with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma treated at the Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau Hospital from 2016 to 2019 were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated, and associated values, such as median survival and its confidence intervals, were determined using the log-rank test. Results: A benefit in overall survival (OS) (8.4 vs 5.8 months; HR, .8; 95% CI, .53-1.19; P = .267) was associated with positive TTF1 expression, but this was not statistically significant. The same trend was shown with the progressive free survival (PFS) (6.5 vs 4.6 months; HR, .76; 95% CI, .51-1.20; P = .162). In patients with a KRAS mutation, there was no difference in OS compared to those with a wildtype KRAS. The median survival was almost identical at 7.5 months (KRAS mutation, 95% CI, 3.32-11.74) and 7.0 months (KRAS wildtype, 95% CI, 3.59-10.41). Additionally, in PFS, there was no difference between the 2 groups (5.8 vs 6.3 months). Conclusions: Our analysis did not show a worse prognosis in patients with a KRAS mutation or in those with missing TTF1 expression, which is most likely related to the new therapeutic options. As a result of the administration of immunotherapy in patients with a KRAS mutation and the change from a regimen containing pemetrexed to a regimen containing no pemetrexed, the corresponding patients no longer seem to have a worse prognosis.
Multicentered analysis of percutaneous sclerotherapies in venous malformations of the face
Creators: name: Schmidt, Vanessa Franziska
name: Masthoff, Max
name: Goldann, Constantin Immanuel
name: Brill, Richard
name: Sporns, Peter B.
name: Segger, Laura
name: Schulze-Zachau, Victor
name: Takes, Martin
name: Köhler, Michael
name: Deniz, Sinan
name: Öcal, Osman
name: Mansour, Nabeel
name: Ümütlü, Muzaffer Reha
name: Shemwetta, Mwivano Dunstan
name: Baraka, Balowa Musa
name: Mbuguje, Eric M.
name: Naif, Azza A.
name: Ukweh, Ofonime
name: Seidensticker, Max
name: Ricke, Jens
name: Gebauer, Bernhard
name: Wohlgemuth, Walter A.
name: Wildgruber, Moritz
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Objectives: To evaluate the safety and outcome of image-guided sclerotherapy for treating venous malformations (VMs) of the face. Materials and methods: A multicenter cohort of 68 patients with VMs primarily affecting the face was retrospectively investigated. In total, 142 image-guided sclerotherapies were performed using gelified ethanol and/or polidocanol. Clinical and imaging findings were assessed to evaluate clinical response, lesion size reduction, and complication rates. Sub-analyses of complication rates depending on type and injected volume of the sclerosant as well as of pediatric versus adult patient groups were conducted. Results: Mean number of procedures per patient was 2.1 (±1.7) and mean follow-up consisted of 8.7 months (±6.8 months). Clinical response (n = 58) revealed a partial relief of symptoms in 70.7% (41/58), 13/58 patients (22.4%) presented symptom-free while only 4/58 patients (6.9%) reported no improvement. Post-treatment imaging (n = 52) revealed an overall objective response rate of 86.5% (45/52). The total complication rate was 10.6% (15/142) including 4.2% (7/142) major complications, mostly (14/15, 93.3%) resolved by conservative means. In one case, a mild facial palsy persisted over time. The complication rate in the gelified ethanol subgroup was significantly higher compared to polidocanol and to the combination of both sclerosants (23.5 vs. 6.0 vs. 8.3%, p = 0.01). No significant differences in complications between the pediatric and the adult subgroup were observed (12.1 vs. 9.2%, p = 0.57). Clinical response did not correlate with lesion size reduction on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Conclusion: Image-guided sclerotherapy is effective for treating VMs of the face. Clinical response is not necessarily associated with size reduction on imaging. Despite the complex anatomy of this location, the procedures are safe for both adults and children.
Microscopic Foundations of the Meißner Effect - Thermodynamic Aspects
Creators: name: Bru, J. -B.
name: Pedra, W. de Siqueira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the Meißner effect from first principles of quantum mechanics. We show in particular the existence of superconducting states minimizing the magnetic free-energy of BCS-like models and carrying surface currents which annihilate the total magnetic induction inside the bulk in the thermodynamic limit. This study is a step towards a complete explanation of the Meißner effect from microscopic models. It remains indeed to prove that those states are dynamically stable, i.e., quasi-stationary at low temperatures. Note that our analysis shows that the Meißner effect is not necessarily related to an effective magnetic susceptibility equal to $-1$.
description: Keywords: Superconductivity - Hubbard model - Inhomogeneous systems - Thermodynamic game - Two-person zero-sum game - BCS model
Singularity of generalized grey Brownian motions with different parameters
Creators: name: da Silva, José Luís
name: Erraoui, Mohamed
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this note we prove that the probability measures generated by two generalized grey Brownian motions with different parameters are singular with respect to each other. This result can be interpreted as an extension of the Feldman-Hájek dichotomy of Gaussian measures to a family of non-Gaussian measures
description: 8 pages