cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
FACTORS INFLUENCING SUPPORT FOR RURAL LAND USE CONTROL : A REPLY
Creators: name: McLeod, Donald M.
name: Woirhaye, Jody
name: Menkhaus, Dale J.
name: McLeod, Donald M.
name: Woirhaye, Jody
name: Menkhaus, Dale J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: The comment indicated that landed wealth (acres owned) should be included as an explanatory variable in the zoning referendum estimation. Land can be constructed as an indicator of wealth that may be impacted by land use controls. The reply focuses on study site issues as well as theoretic, empirical, and institutional/social considerations. Responses to land use control referenda depend on the land considered, attitudes toward land use planning and socio-demographic factors, including income. The amount of acres owned was not statistically significant in explaining preferences for land use controls in the case investigated by McLeod, Woirhaye and Menkhaus.
Resolving ambiguities in mass determinations at future colliders
Creators: name: Gjelsten, B. K.
name: Miller, D. J.
name: Osland, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The measurements of kinematical endpoints, in cascade decays of supersymmetric particles, in principle allow for a determination of the masses of the unstable particles. However, in this procedure ambiguities often arise. We here illustrate how such ambiguities arise. They can be resolved by a precise determination of the LSP mass, provided by the Linear Collider.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, to appear in the proceedings of the 2005 International Linear Collider Workshop, Stanford, U.S.A
Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potential for quark propagator in real-time thermal field theory and Landau gauge
Creators: name: Bang-Rong, Zhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We complete the derivation of the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis effective potential for quark propagator at finite temperature and finite quark chemical potential in the real-time formalism of thermal field theory and in Landau gauge. In the approximation that the function $A(p^2)$ in inverse quark propagator is replaced by unity, by means of the running gauge coupling and the quark mass function invariant under the renormalization group in zero temperature Quantum Chromadynamics (QCD), we obtain a calculable expression for the thermal effective potential which will be a useful means to research chiral phase transition in QCD in the real-time formalism.
description: 5 pages, Latex, no figure
[Letter from Lauritz Kolderup-Rosenvinge]
Creators: name: Kolderup-Rosenvinge, Lauritz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1891

description: Expresses gratitude for borrowing the Polysiphonia schuebeleri. Have returned them except one which was kept for the museum herbarium. Expresses gratitude for Foslie's contribution II which will be great use to him when identifying Greenland Lithothamnia.
Numerical Tests of Constitutive Laws for Dense Granular Flows
Creators: name: Lois, Gregg
name: Lemaître, Anaël
name: Carlson, Jean M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically and theoretically study macroscopic properties of dense, sheared granular materials. In this process we first introduce an invariance in Newton's equations, explain how it leads to Bagnold's scaling, and discuss how it relates to the dynamics of granular temperature. Next we implement numerical simulations of granular materials in two different geometries-- simple shear and flow down an incline-- and show that measurements can be extrapolated from one geometry to the other. Then we observe non-affine rearrangements of clusters of grains in response to shear strain and show that fundamental observations, which served as a basis for the Shear Transformation Zone (STZ) theory of amorphous solids, can be reproduced in granular materials. Finally we present constitutive equations for granular materials, based on the dynamics of granular temperature and STZ theory, and show that they match remarkably well with our numerical data from both geometries.
description: 17 pages
SELF-DUAL STOCHASTIC PRODUCTION FRONTIERS AND DECOMPOSITION OF OUTPUT GROWTH: THE CASE OF OLIVE-GROWING FARMS IN GREECE
Creators: name: Karagiannis, Giannis
name: Tzouvelekas, Vangelis
name: Karagiannis, Giannis
name: Tzouvelekas, Vangelis
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Production Economics

description: This paper provides a decomposition of output growth among olive-growing farms in Greece during the period 1987-1993 by integrating Bauer's (1990) and Bravo-Ureta and Rieger's (1991) approaches. The proposed methodology is based on the use of self-dual production frontier functions. Output growth is attributed to the size effect, technical change, changes in technical and input allocative inefficiency, and the scale effect. Empirical results indicate that the scale and the input allocative inefficiency effects, which were not taken into account in previous studies on output growth decomposition analysis, have caused a 7.3% slowdown and a 11.0% increase in output growth, respectively. Technical change was found to be the main source of TFP growth while both technical and input allocative inefficiency decreased over time. Still though, a 56.5% of output growth is attributed to input growth.
FACTORS INFLUENCING SUPPORT FOR RURAL LAND USE CONTROL : A COMMENT
Creators: name: Deaton, Brady J.
name: Norris, Patricia E.
name: Deaton, Brady J.
name: Norris, Patricia E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Land Economics/Use

description: Land ownership characteristics such as the quantity of land owned, quality of land parcels, and location of land describe important dimensions of landed wealth. Landed wealth is expected to be an important factor influencing support for rural land use control. This factor was not discussed in the April (1999) article by McLeod, Woirhaye, and Menkhaus (1999). We suggest that this factor contributes to understanding variation in support for rural land use control.
SIMULATION OF A GROUP INCENTIVE PROGRAM FOR FARMER ADOPTION OF BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Creators: name: Ipe, Viju C.
name: DeVuyst, Eric A.
name: Braden, John B.
name: White, David C.
name: Ipe, Viju C.
name: DeVuyst, Eric A.
name: Braden, John B.
name: White, David C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: A group incentive program to encourage farmer adoption of best management practices is simulated for a typical watershed in central Illinois. The incentive payments, program costs and environmental impacts of the program are simulated. The results show that the best management practices may not actually reduce farm profits but may increase farm profits and reduce environmental pollution. The sponsor in most cases may not have to pay anything under the incentive contract. This may bring about a win-win situation for the sponsor, the farmer participating in the program, and society as a whole. The program could be implemented as an educational effort to demonstrate the benefits of sound management practices.
Supplemental Information and Raw Data for Manuscript: Visualization of Staphylococcus aureus pathogenic membrane modification within the infection environment by multimodal imaging mass spectrometry
Creators: name: Perry, William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60101 Analytical Biochemistry
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Microbiology

description: Raw Data for a ManuscriptAbstract:Bacterial pathogens have evolved virulence factors to colonize, replicate, and disseminate within the vertebrate host. Although there is an expanding body of literature describing how bacterial pathogens regulate their virulence repertoire in response to diverse environmental signals, it has been challenging to directly visualize virulence response within the host tissue microenvironment. Multimodal imaging approaches enable visualization of host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level. Here we use high-resolution imaging mass spectrometry to directly visualize modifications to the Staphylococcus aureus envelope within infected murine and human tissues. Data mining strategies leveraging multimodal data-driven fusion of fluorescent bacterial reporters and MALDI FT-ICR IMS isolated S. aureus lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol lipids, localizing to select bacterial communities within infected tissue. Absence of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol lipids is associated with decreased pathogenicity during vertebrate colonization as these lipids provide protection to S. aureus against the innate immune system. The presence of distinct and unique staphylococcal lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol lipid distributions within both murine and human infections suggests a heterogeneous, spatially-oriented microbial response to host defenses.
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF TRAIT COMMERCIALIZATION IN GENETICALLY MODIFIED (GM) GRAINS: THE CASE OF GM WHEAT
Creators: name: Huso, Scott R.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Huso, Scott R.
name: Wilson, William W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: genetically modified grains
subject: wheat

description: The prospective commercialization of GM traits leads to several strategic questions for agbiotechnology and seed firms. Important issues addressed in this study include the method of trait commercialization by agbiotechnology firms and variety production decisions by seed firms. Specifically, agbiotechnology firms must decide whether to license their traits to seed firms, to purchase a seed firm, or to not license or release their traits. These issues are highly strategic. The purpose of this study was to determine equilibrium strategies of agbiotechnology and seed firms regarding the prospective commercialization of two GM traits. Two game theory models were developed to examine equilibrium strategies in two different scenarios. In the first model, both agbiotechnology firms had commercialization strategies of licensing and not licensing. In the second model, the first moving agbiotechnology firm was allowed to have a strategic option to purchase a seed firm as a commercialization strategy. The second agbiotechnology firm remained with two strategies, licensing and not licensing. These models were applied to the case of Roundup Ready® (RR) and fusarium resistant (FR) HRS wheat, although the general structure of the models could be used to analyze other crops and traits. Studies on trait commercialization and stacking are lacking the public literature. This study uses game theory models to develop likely situations that may occur regarding the prospective commercialization of GM traits.
PDE-based Dynamic Density Estimation for Large-scale Agent Systems
Creators: name: Zheng, Tongjia
name: Han, Qing
name: Lin, Hai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Large-scale agent systems have foreseeable applications in the near future. Estimating their macroscopic density is critical for many density-based optimization and control tasks, such as sensor deployment and city traffic scheduling. In this paper, we study the problem of estimating their dynamically varying probability density, given the agents' individual dynamics (which can be nonlinear and time-varying) and their states observed in real-time. The density evolution is shown to satisfy a linear partial differential equation uniquely determined by the agents' dynamics. We present a density filter which takes advantage of the system dynamics to gradually improve its estimation and is scalable to the agents' population. Specifically, we use kernel density estimators (KDE) to construct a noisy measurement and show that, when the agents' population is large, the measurement noise is approximately ``Gaussian''. With this important property, infinite-dimensional Kalman filters are used to design density filters. It turns out that the covariance of measurement noise depends on the true density. This state-dependence makes it necessary to approximate the covariance in the associated operator Riccati equation, rendering the density filter suboptimal. The notion of input-to-state stability is used to prove that the performance of the suboptimal density filter remains close to the optimal one. Simulation results suggest that the proposed density filter is able to quickly recognize the underlying modes of the unknown density and automatically ignore outliers, and is robust to different choices of kernel bandwidth of KDE.
Nonlinear current response of one- and two-band superconductors
Creators: name: Nicol, E. J.
name: Carbotte, J. P.
name: Scalapino, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have calculated the nonlinear current of a number of single band s-wave electron-phonon superconductors. Among issues considered were those of dimensionality, strong electron-phonon coupling, impurities, and comparison with BCS. For the case of two bands, particular attention is paid to the role of anisotropy, the integration effects of the off-diagonal electron-phonon interaction, as well as inter- and intraband impurities. For the specific case of MgB2, we present results based on the known microscopic parameters of band theory.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
[Letter from Willy Georg Kükenthal]
Creators: name: Kükenthal, Willy Georg
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1891
Subjects: Schneider, Hans Jacob Sparre
Müller
Korriholt

description: Sorry you have not got your money from Müller yet. Korriholt (Berlin) told me that "Linnea" institute will not last long, it is a bad business. There is one way to get the money, you must hire a lawyer. I will keep you informed about "Linnea".
Frequency dependence of orthogonal polarisation modes in pulsars
Creators: name: Smits, J. M.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Edwards, R. T.
name: Kuijpers, J.
name: Ramachandran, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out a study of the orthogonal polarisation mode behaviour as a function of frequency of 18 pulsars, using average pulsar data from the European Pulsar Network (EPN). Assuming that the radiation consists of two 100% polarised completely orthogonal superposed modes we separated these modes, resulting in average pulse profiles of each mode at multiple frequencies for each pulsar. Furthermore, we studied the frequency dependence of the relative intensity of these modes. We found in many pulsars that the average pulse profiles of the two modes differ in their dependence on frequency. In particular, we found that pulse components that are dominated by one mode tend to increase in intensity with increasing frequency with respect to the rest of the profile.
description: 31 pages, 24 figures, 1 table, accepted by A&A; added references in introduction
UNITED STATES AND CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL HERBICIDE COSTS: IMPACTS ON NORTH DAKOTA FARMERS
Creators: name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Taylor, Richard D.
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Agricultural Herbicide Costs
subject: Trade armonization
subject: North Dakota Representative Farm
subject: Land Value
subject: Pesticides

description: Pesticides have become a major farm production cost over the past 25 years. There are price and label differences for agricultural herbicides between the United States and Canada. Trade names are different in some cases, label restrictions vary, and weights and measures are different. The reasons for the price differences are unclear. Whether they are due to increased costs in labeling requirements, different levels of competition and use, or market segmentation is not determined. The largest total impact of using lower priced Canadian herbicide is on HRSW, followed by durum and corn. The largest per acre impact is for canola, corn, and HRSW. Herbicides with the largest total impact are Puma, followed by Roundup and Fargo. Net farm income for large, medium, and small size representative farms would increase 3.8%, 4.6%, and 5.2%, respectively, if Canadian priced herbicides could be used in the United States. The statewide impact is $1.46 per acre, but regional or individual impacts could be much greater depending on crops grown or the specific weed problem faced by the individual producer.
A Near-Solar Metallicity, Nitrogen-Deficient Lyman Limit Absorber Associated with two S0 Galaxies
Creators: name: Jenkins, Edward B.
name: Bowen, David V.
name: Tripp, Todd M.
name: Sembach, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From UV spectra of the bright quasar PHL 1811 recorded by FUSE and the E140M configuration on STIS, we have determined the abundances of various atomic species in a Lyman limit system at z = 0.0809 with log N(H I) = 17.98. Considerably more hydrogen may be in ionized form, since the abundances of C II, Si II, S II and Fe II are very large compared to that of O I, when compared to their respective solar abundance ratios. Our determination [O/H] = -0.19 in the H I-bearing gas indicates that the chemical enrichment of the gas is unusually high for an extragalactic QSO absorption system. However, this same material has an unusually low abundance of nitrogen, [N/O] < -0.59, indicating that there may not have been enough time during this enrichment for secondary nitrogen to arise from low and intermediate mass stars. In an earlier investigation we found two galaxies at nearly the same redshift as this absorption system and displaced by 34 and 87 kpc from the line of sight. An r-band image recorded by the ACS on HST indicates these are S0 galaxies. One or both of these galaxies may be the source of the gas, which might have been expelled in a fast wind, by tidal stripping, or by ram-pressure stripping. Subtraction of the ACS point-spread function from the image of the QSO reveals the presence of a face-on spiral galaxy under the glare of the quasar; although it is possible that this galaxy may be responsible for the Lyman limit absorption, the exact alignment of the QSO with the center of the galaxy suggests that the spiral is the quasar host.
description: 74 pages, 14 figures; to be published in the Astrophysical Journal (Part 1) May 1, 2005 issue. A version of the paper with figures of better quality may be found at http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~ebj/PHL1811_paper.ps (postscript) or http://www.astro.princeton.edu/~ebj/PHL1811_paper.pdf (pdf)
PERCEPTIONS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED AND ORGANIC FOODS AND PROCESSES: NORTH DAKOTA COLLEGE STUDENTS
Creators: name: Anderson, Jon C.
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
name: Lesch, William C.
name: Anderson, Jon C.
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
name: Lesch, William C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Genetically Modified
subject: Consumer Perceptions
subject: Organic

description: Perceptions of genetically modified (GM) and organic food among North Dakota college students were elicited and compared. Participants responded to one of two survey instruments containing identical wording except for reference to genetic modification or organic, after reading a primer defining the term used in their instrument. Participants' indicated their level of agreement with statements in the construct areas of health, environment, ethics, regulation, and risk. Responses were compared among survey instruments and to responses to previous surveys of Americans and of shoppers in North Dakota. Organic food was perceived as a healthier and safer choice. Organic practices were perceived to be more environmentally sound. Respondents expressed a level of concern over the unknown effects GM food could have on the environment and society as a whole. However, participants generally felt that genetic modification could be used effectively and valued some of the associated benefits. Reliability assessment revealed that statements within each construct area are reliable and can be used in future surveys.
THE EFFECT OF FOOD-SAFETY RELATED INFORMATION ON CONSUMER PREFERENCE: THE CASE OF THE BSE OUTBREAK IN JAPAN
Creators: name: Jin, Hyun Joung
name: Sun, Changyou
name: Koo, Won W.
name: Jin, Hyun Joung
name: Sun, Changyou
name: Koo, Won W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: BSE (Mad-Cow Disease)
subject: the Revealed Preference Test
subject: WARP
subject: structural change

description: This paper uses a nonparametric approach for testing whether there is a structural change in the meat demand of Japanese consumers due to the BSE (mad-cow disease) outbreak in the country. The axiom of revealed preference is utilized to test the stability of preference in Japanese meat consumption. The matrix of weak form of revealed preference (WARP) is partitioned and Kruskal-Wallis statistics are derived to evaluate whether the switches of preference are transitory or due to a structural change. Empirical results show that Japanese meat demand is currently unstable and has undergone a structural change, synchronized with the BSE outbreak in Japan in mid-September 2001.
Stellar Spectral Interpolation using Machine Learning
Creators: name: Sharma, Kaushal
name: Singh, Harinder P.
name: Gupta, Ranjan
name: Kembhavi, Ajit
name: Vaghmare, Kaustubh
name: Shi, Jianrong
name: Zhao, Yongheng
name: Zhang, Jiannan
name: Wu, Yue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theoretical stellar spectra rely on model stellar atmospheres computed based on our understanding of the physical laws at play in the stellar interiors. These models, coupled with atomic and molecular line databases, are used to generate theoretical stellar spectral libraries (SSLs) comprising of stellar spectra over a regular grid of atmospheric parameters (temperature, surface gravity, abundances) at any desired resolution. Another class of SSLs is referred to as empirical spectral libraries; these contain observed spectra at limited resolution. SSLs play an essential role in deriving the properties of stars and stellar populations. Both theoretical and empirical libraries suffer from limited coverage over the parameter space. This limitation is overcome to some extent by generating spectra for specific sets of atmospheric parameters by interpolating within the grid of available parameter space. In this work, we present a method for spectral interpolation in the optical region using machine learning algorithms that are generic, easily adaptable for any SSL without much change in the model parameters, and computationally inexpensive. We use two machine learning techniques, Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and train the models on the MILES library. We apply the trained models to spectra from the CFLIB for testing and show that the performance of the two models is comparable. We show that both the models achieve better accuracy than the existing methods of polynomial based interpolation and the Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) interpolation.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 16 pages, 16 figures
For a "computational" study of the intellectuals satellites
Creators: name: Idmhand, Fatiha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The present paper wishes to extend the theoretical reflections that we're currently working on: the "satellite intellectuals". This concept points a new "repertoire" of intellectuals that critics have not studied thoroughly and that is emerging with the amplification of the archives' digitalization of archives and their digital edition. Today, it is necessary to rethink and reevaluate the criteria we used to apply to define, integrate or exclude works and authors from, or in, a "canon". At the same time, it suggests new methods to process and deal with some concepts of computer tools and science.
description: in Spanish
STRATEGIC HEDGING FOR GRAIN PROCESSORS
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Wagner, Robert
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Wagner, Robert
name: Nganje, William E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: hedging
subject: optimal hedge ratios
subject: food processors
subject: risk management

description: Price risk management problems confronting grain processors differ somewhat from conventional motives for hedging. There are two components of this problem that are addressed in this study. One is the competitive characteristics of the processing sector, the structure and conduct of which ultimately determines the relationship between input and output prices. In some cases, these are highly correlated and in others they are not. The second refers to the hedge horizon, or, how far forward a firm should cover its inevitable short cash positions. This study incorporates these two components of hedging into a mean-variance framework to evaluate how they impact price risk management decisions for processors. A theoretical model is developed which is then solved numerically to illustrate the relationships between optimal hedge ratios, the correlation between input and output prices, and the hedge horizon. The model is applied to the case of the United States bread baking industry to further illustrate how these impact hedging in a particular industry.
Dark Matter And $B_s \to μ^+ μ^-$ With Minimal $SO_{10}$ Soft SUSY Breaking II
Creators: name: Dermisek, R.
name: Raby, S.
name: Roszkowski, L.
name: de Austri, R. Ruiz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We update and extend to larger masses our previous analysis of the MSSM with minimal $SO_{10}$ [MSO$_{10}$SM] soft SUSY breaking boundary conditions. We find a well--defined, narrow region of parameter space which provides the observed relic density of dark matter, in a domain selected to fit precision electroweak data, including top, bottom and tau masses. The model is highly constrained which allows us to make several predictions. We find the light Higgs mass $m_h \leq 121 \pm 3$ GeV and also upper bounds on the mass of the gluino $\mgluino\lsim3.1$ TeV and lightest neutralino $\mchi\lsim450$ GeV. As the CP odd Higgs mass $m_A$ increases, the region of parameter space consistent with WMAP data is forced to larger values of $M_{1/2}$ and smaller values of $m_h$. Hence, we find an upper bound $m_A \lsim 1.3$ TeV. This in turn leads to lower bounds on ${\rm BR}(B_s\to μ^+ μ^-) > 10^{-8}$ (assuming minimal flavor violation) and on the dark matter spin independent detection cross section $\sigsip > 10^{-9}$ pb. Finally, we extend our previous analysis to include WIMP signals in indirect detection and find prospects for WIMP detection generally much less promising than in direct WIMP searches.
description: 24 pages
SSRN-id3648058 (1).pdf
Creators: name: Saadat, Abu
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Economics
subject: 140211 Labour Economics
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 140213 Public Economics- Public Choice

description: This is a case study by Dr Manjit Sharma, about poverty in a village named Shergarh in the Bhatinda district of Punjab. Being a relatively better-performing state, all the 15 poorest households that are selected as samples for the research had self-owned houses, almost 3 meals a day etc. But poverty is visible in terms of health, education, family assets etc. The family size of the sample households is also taken understudy to understand the dependency of the family on the earner and the demography of the sample. Assets that are studied for the research are the quality of the houses, that is, availability of kitchen, bathroom, proper drainage system, toilets, handpump, electricity, animals, land owned and private transport (by-cycle). Education level in these households was not very good either for 60% of the households, the family head was illiterate. 40% of children in the family were not going to schools. 53.33% of the households had members addicted to alcohol, smoking or any other substance abuse. He also talks about the type of consumption and uses the calorie method to understand poverty.
MARKETING OF WHEAT ON A CONSTANT AND NIL MOISTURE BASIS
Creators: name: Wilson, William W.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: moisture
subject: specifications
subject: pricing
subject: wheat
subject: constant moisture
subject: nil moisture

description: This study examined moisture specification practices in the United States and for major exporters and assessed impacts of changes to a nil or constant moisture basis on prices and revenue. These were examined under scenarios where information on moisture in current prices is limited and under a scenario where current prices reflect Full Knowledge of moisture advantages. Results indicate that changing to a nil moisture basis (which requires a subsequent adjustment in volumes to reflect the subtraction of moisture) would increase reported prices from 42 to 70 c/bu for the wheat classes, while changing to a 12 percent constant moisture basis would have limited impacts on reported prices. Effects on relative prices/revenue depend on whether knowledge of moisture advantages are reflected in current prices. If current prices reflect moisture advantages (Full Knowledge), then relative effects on prices/revenues are minimal. If current prices do not reflect moisture advantages (Limited Knowledge), then prices/revenue in drier production regions would increase.
MARKETING MECHANISMS IN GM GRAINS AND OILSEEDS
Creators: name: Maxwell, Brett J.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
name: Maxwell, Brett J.
name: Wilson, William W.
name: Dahl, Bruce L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Producer Decisions
subject: Risk
subject: Genetically Modified
subject: Contract Terms
subject: Wheat

description: A number of challenges exist for genetically modified (GM) crop development at the production level. Contract strategies can resolve these challenges. Contracts can be designed to induce legal adoption of GM wheat by varying technology fees, violation detection, and penalties. The primary objective of this research is to analyze contracting strategies to determine terms to minimize technology agreement violation and to induce legal adoption of GM wheat. A simulation model of a crop budget for Hard Red Spring wheat was developed. Results illustrate that contracts can be designed to induce desired behavior. Technology fee, probability of detection, and the level of non-GM premium were the most notable factors influencing adoption decisions.
Electronic Properties of Disordered Two-Dimensional Carbon
Creators: name: Peres, N. M. R.
name: Guinea, F.
name: Neto, A. H. Castro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-dimensional carbon, or graphene, is a semi-metal that presents unusual low-energy electronic excitations described in terms of Dirac fermions. We analyze in a self-consistent way the effects of localized (impurities or vacancies) and extended (edges or grain boundaries) defects on the electronic and transport properties of graphene. On the one hand, point defects induce a finite elastic lifetime at low energies with the enhancement of the electronic density of states close to the Fermi level. Localized disorder leads to a universal, disorder independent, electrical conductivity at low temperatures, of the order of the quantum of conductance. The static conductivity increases with temperature and shows oscillations in the presence of a magnetic field. The graphene magnetic susceptibility is temperature dependent (unlike an ordinary metal) and also increases with the amount of defects. Optical transport properties are also calculated in detail. On the other hand, extended defects induce localized states near the Fermi level. In the absence of electron-hole symmetry, these states lead to a transfer of charge between the defects and the bulk, the phenomenon we call self-doping. The role of electron-electron interactions in controlling self-doping is also analyzed. We also discuss the integer and fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene, the role played by the edge states induced by a magnetic field, and their relation to the almost field independent surface states induced at boundaries. The possibility of magnetism in graphene, in the presence of short-range electron-electron interactions and disorder is also analyzed.
description: 20 pages, 18 Figures. This paper is the long version of the paper cond-mat/0506709
Direct Measurement of the Solar-Wind Taylor Microscale using MMS Turbulence Campaign Data
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Riddhi
name: Matthaeus, William H.
name: Chasapis, Alexandros
name: Russell, Christopher T.
name: Strangeway, Robert J.
name: Torbert, Roy B.
name: Giles, Barbara L.
name: Gershman, Daniel J.
name: Pollock, Craig J.
name: Burch, James L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the novel Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission data accumulated during the 2019 MMS Solar Wind Turbulence Campaign, we calculate the Taylor microscale $(λ_{\mathrm{T}})$ of the turbulent magnetic field in the solar wind. The Taylor microscale represents the onset of dissipative processes in classical turbulence theory. An accurate estimation of Taylor scale from spacecraft data is, however, usually difficult due to low time cadence, the effect of time decorrelation, and other factors. Previous reports were based either entirely on the Taylor frozen-in approximation, which conflates time dependence, or that were obtained using multiple datasets, which introduces sample-to-sample variation of plasma parameters, or where inter-spacecraft distance were larger than the present study. The unique configuration of linear formation with logarithmic spacing of the 4 MMS spacecraft, during the campaign, enables a direct evaluation of the $λ_{\mathrm{T}}$ from a single dataset, independent of the Taylor frozen-in approximation. A value of $λ_{\mathrm{T}} \approx 7000 \, \mathrm{km}$ is obtained, which is about 3 times larger than the previous estimates.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Longitudinal intelligibility growth (Mahr et al., 2020)
Creators: name: Mahr, Tristan J.
name: Rathouz, Paul J.
name: Hustad, Katherine C.
Publisher: name: ASHA journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 170204 Linguistic Processes (incl. Speech Production and Comprehension)
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Aim: The aim of the study was to examine longitudinal growth in intelligibility in connected speech from 2 to 8 years of age in children with cerebral palsy.Method: Sixty-five children with cerebral palsy participated in the longitudinal study. Children were classified into speech-language profile groups using age-4 data: no speech motor impairment (SMI), SMI with typical language comprehension, and SMI with impaired language comprehension. We fit a Bayesian nonlinear mixed-effects model of intelligibility growth at the child and group levels. We compared groups by age of steepest growth, maximum growth rate, and predicted intelligibility at 8 years of age.Results: The no SMI group showed earlier and steeper intelligibility growth and higher average outcomes compared to the SMI groups. The SMI groups had more variable growth trajectories, but the SMI with typical language comprehension group had higher age-8 outcomes and steeper rates of maximum growth than the SMI with impaired language comprehension group. Language comprehension impairment at age of 4 years predicted lower intelligibility outcomes at age of 8 years, compared to typical language at age of 4 years.Interpretation: Children with SMI at age of 4 years show highly variable intelligibility growth trajectories, and comorbid language comprehension impairment predicts lower intelligibility outcomes.
Supplemental Material S1. Model specification and code used to fit the model.
Mahr, T. J., Rathaus, P. J., & Hustad, K. C. (2020). Longitudinal growth in intelligibility of connected speech from 2 to 8 years in children with cerebral palsy: A novel Bayesian approach. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1044/2020_JSLHR-20-00181
Structure and Transformations of the Environmental Protection System in West Pomerania Region
Creators: name: Siemianowski, Liwiusz
name: Siemianowski, Liwiusz
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: water quality
subject: Odra estuary
subject: West-Pomernia region
subject: information technology

description: The environmental protection system of West-Pomerania Region (North-western Voivodeship of Poland) is presented. Especially focused on water resources management and protection. The features of strategy of Voivodship development were specified. The aims of strategy are intented to reach improvement the level of life quality, economy standards and approaching the "philosophy" of sustainable development with engaged institutons were specified. The importance of information technology (IT) solutions for assessments of environment condition and reporting were emphasised. The examples of graphical charts, maps and assessments of water quality of Odra river estuary and selected environment components in West-Pomerania region attached.
Spatial and Kinematic Clustering of Stars in the Galactic Disk
Creators: name: Kamdar, Harshil
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Ting, Yuan-Sen
name: El-Badry, Kareem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galactic disk is expected to be spatially, kinematically, and chemically clustered on many scales due to both star formation and non-axisymmetries in the Galactic potential. In this work we calculate the spatial and kinematic two-point correlation functions using a sample of $1.7 \times 10^6$ stars within 1 kpc of the Sun with 6D phase space information available from \textit{Gaia} DR2. Clustering is detected on spatial scales of 1-300 pc and velocity scales of at least 15 km s$^{-1}$. With bound structures included, the data have a power-law index ($ξ(Δr) \propto Δr^γ$) of $γ\approx-2$ at most spatial scales, which is in line with theoretical predictions. After removing bound structures, the data have a power-law index of $γ\approx-1$ for $<100$ pc and $γ\lesssim -1.5$ for $>100$ pc. We interpret these results with the aid of a novel star-by-star simulation of the Galaxy in which stars are born in clusters orbiting in a realistic potential that includes spiral arms, a bar, and GMCs. We find that the simulation largely agrees with the observations (within a factor of 2-3) at all spatial and kinematic scales. In detail, the correlation function in the simulation is shallower than the data at $< 20$ pc scales, and steeper than the data at $> 30$ pc scales. We also find a persistent clustering signal in the kinematic correlation function for the data at large $Δv$ ($>5$ km s$^{-1}$) not present in the simulations. We speculate that this mismatch between observations and simulations may be due to two processes not included in the simulation: hierarchical star formation and transient spiral arms. We also use the simulations to predict the clustering signal as a function of pair-wise metallicity and age separations. Ages and metallicities measured with a precision of $50\%$ and $0.05$ dex are required in order to enhance the clustering signal.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to ApJ
On the Nature of X-ray Sources in Early-Type Galaxies
Creators: name: Juett, Adrienne M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that the observed relationship between the fraction of low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) found in globular clusters (GCs) and the GC-specific frequency for early-type galaxies is consistent with an LMXB formation model in which the field population of LMXBs is formed in situ via primordial binary formation. The suggestion that a significant fraction of the field LMXB population in early-type galaxies was formed in GCs is not required by the data. Finally, we discuss observational studies that will test this model more thoroughly.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, minor typographical corrections
Freyastera undefined-7
Creators: name: Zhang, Ruiyan
name: Zhou, Yadong
name: Mao, Jingwen
name: Wang, Chunsheng
name: Zhang, Dongsheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Echinodermata
Asteroidea
Brisingida
Freyellidae
Freyastera
Freyastera undefined-7

description: Freyastera sp. 7
Freyastera tuberculata: Moreau et al. 2015; Moreau et al. 2018.
Material examined.
ULB_S 59-MT 2, multiple broken arms from different individuals. (Suppl. material 1).
Distribution.
Weddle Sea, 4648 m.
description: Published as part of Zhang, Ruiyan, Zhou, Yadong, Mao, Jingwen, Wang, Chunsheng & Zhang, Dongsheng, 2025, Hidden diversity of Freyastera (Asteroidea, Brisingida, Freyellidae) at great depth: Description of new species and remarks on species boundaries, pp. 735-760 in Zoosystematics and Evolution 101 (2) on pages 735-760, DOI: 10.3897/zse.101.144918
Managing Food Industry Business and Financial Risks with Commodity-Linked Credit Instruments
Creators: name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Turvey, Calum G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Agribusiness
Risk and Uncertainty

description: This paper reviews the use and structure of commodity-linked credit instruments. It is argued that in the absence of contingent markets food firms face increasing financial risk reduced investment, and limited access to debt markets. One strategy is to issue commodity-linked credit whose payment structure is linked to the price of an underlying commodity. In some cases, a commodity-linked bond (CLB) can be structured to provide an incentive to investors by sharing in profit gains. If the goal is to hedge financial risks, CLB's can also be constructed that reduce the loan principle or coupons depending on price movements.
Stability of the solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation
Creators: name: Jackson, A. D.
name: Kavoulakis, G. M.
name: Lundh, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the static and dynamic stability of the solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and demonstrate the intimate connection between them. All salient features related to dynamic stability are reflected systematically in static properties. We find, for example, the obvious result that static stability always implies dynamic stability and present a simple explanation of the fact that dynamic stability can exist even in the presence of static instability.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Explaining the Changing Institutional Organisation of Dutch Farms: The Role of Farmer's Attitude, Advisory Network and Structural Factors
Creators: name: Jongeneel, Roelof A.
name: Polman, Nico B.P.
name: Slangen, Louis H.G.
name: Jongeneel, Roelof A.
name: Polman, Nico B.P.
name: Slangen, Louis H.G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Industrial Organization
subject: farm organisation
subject: ownership and management
subject: liability
subject: risk
subject: residual control and income rights
subject: attitudes
subject: advisory network

description: Although the family farm remains the dominant organisational form for farms there are changes in the legal mode of organisation. Applying the new institutional economics and economic organisation theory the different organisation modes are explained, mainly in terms of control and income rights. Important factors are (limited) liability, risk-bearing costs, transaction costs, and residual control and income rights. In an empirical follow-up, based on a sample among 3100 farmers in the Netherlands, the impact of farmers' attitudes, farm advisory network, and structural variables on organisation choice are analysed. Especially the financial advisors appear to play a significant role in the choice of organisation mode. Other factors are age, branche (horticulture, factory farming), and farm size.
Consumer Acceptance of GM Applications in the Pork Production Chain: A Choice Modelling Approach
Creators: name: Novoselova, Tatiana A.
name: Van Der Lans, Ivo A.C.M.
name: Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.
name: Huirne, Ruud B.M.
name: Novoselova, Tatiana A.
name: Van Der Lans, Ivo A.C.M.
name: Meuwissen, Miranda P.M.
name: Huirne, Ruud B.M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: consumer acceptance
subject: genetic modification
subject: choice modelling

description: This study evaluates consumer acceptance of different GM applications in the pork production chain. In general, results indicate that consumers prefer conventional pork over pork for which genetic modification was applied. However, the negative impact of the GM applications is compensated by improvements in quality, increased animal welfare, a lower impact on the environment, less residues and a price discount. Of these benefits, increased animal welfare has the most positive effect on consumer choices. With substantial monetary compensation and presence of various benefits the consumers will attach higher utility to the GM pork than to the conventional pork. The amount of monetary compensation is dependent on the type of GM application.
Technical Efficiency Effects of Technological Change: Another Perspective on GM Crops
Creators: name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Curtiss, Jarmila
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
name: Weaver, Robert D.
name: Curtiss, Jarmila
name: Brümmer, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: technical efficiency
subject: technical change
subject: genetically-modified
subject: soybean

description: An important approach to reducing persistent technical inefficiency is through technical change. This paper considers the case of genetically modified crop production. A stochastic frontier approach is used to examine how a drastic change from non-GM to GM technology effects the position of the production frontier as well as the extent and nature of technical inefficiency. A one-step method is applied to consider firm-level effects on technical inefficiency. Using soybean production from the U.S. we find that GM technology improves productivity and reduces technical inefficiency though these effects vary across farm characteristics.