cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Exceptional points for parameter estimation in open quantum systems: Analysis of the Bloch equations
Creators: name: Am-Shallem, Morag
name: Kosloff, Ronnie
name: Moiseyev, Nimrod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest to employ the dissipative nature of open quantum systems for the purpose of parameter estimation: The dynamics of open quantum systems is typically described by a quantum dynamical semigroup generator ${\cal L}$. The eigenvalues of ${\cal L}$ are complex, reflecting unitary as well as dissipative dynamics. For certain values of parameters defining ${\cal L}$, non-hermitian degeneracies emerge, i.e. exceptional points ($EP$). The dynamical signature of these $EP$s corresponds to a unique time evolution. This unique feature can be employed experimentally to locate the $EP$s and thereby to determine the intrinsic system parameters with a high accuracy. This way we turn the disadvantage of the dissipation into an advantage. We demonstrate this method in the open system dynamics of a two-level system described by the Bloch equation, which has become the paradigm of diverse fields in physics, from NMR to quantum information and elementary particles.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures
AI IN EDUCATION: HOW TOOLS LIKE DUOLINGO, QUILLBOT, GRAMMARLY, AND CHATGPT ARE TRANSFORMING LANGUAGE LEARNING.
Creators: name: Ramazonov, Jasurbek
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This thesis demonstrated how recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted various aspects of society, including education. AI technologies, such as Duolingo, Quillbot, Grammarly, and ChatGPT, are transforming language acquisition and communication skills development. Duolingo, a mobile-assisted language learning app, enhances students' skills in speaking, writing, reading, and listening through a gamified platform with progressive assignments. Quillbot, an AI-powered rewriting tool, helps users enhance text by offering various modes for maintaining meaning and improving formality.
Ionization Time and Exit Momentum in Strong-Field Tunnel Ionization
Creators: name: Teeny, Nicolas
name: Yakaboylu, Enderalp
name: Bauke, Heiko
name: Keitel, Christoph H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunnel ionization belongs to the fundamental processes of atomic physics. The so-called two-step model, which describes the ionization as instantaneous tunneling at the electric field maximum and classical motion afterwards with zero exit momentum, is commonly employed to describe tunnel ionization in adiabatic regimes. In this contribution, we show by solving numerically the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in one dimension and employing a virtual detector at the tunnel exit that there is a nonvanishing positive time delay between the electric field maximum and the instant of ionization. Moreover, we find a nonzero exit momentum in the direction of the electric field. To extract proper tunneling times from asymptotic momentum distributions of ionized electrons, it is essential to incorporate the electron's initial momentum in the direction of the external electric field.
ARMA model for random periodic processes
Creators: name: Yujia Liu
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this thesis, we construct ARMA model for random periodic processes. We stress on the mixed periodicity and randomness of the model and redefined the definition of sample autocovariance function. We prove the asymptotic normality of Yule-Walker estimation and innovation estimation for coefficients in causal and invertible case. We also prove the central limit theorem for random periodic processes. Under this and ergodic theorem, we prove the asymptotic normality of maximum likelihood estimation for non-causal autoregressive model for random periodic processes. We simulate ARMA model for randomperiodic processes to two examples and compare the results with classical ARMA model.
Los pitucos, No te salves, Hombre preso que mira a su hijo, de Mario Benedetti. Píldora audiovisual
Creators: name: Noguerol Jiménez, Francisca
name: Elvira-Navarro, Andrea
name: Sánchez-Aparicio, Vega
name: Paniagua García, José Antonio
name: Cano Vidal, Borja
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Material docente elaborado en el seno del proyecto de Innovación Docente «Elaboración de píldoras audiovisuales para la enseñanza de la literatura hispanoamericana» (ID2021/076) concedido en la Universidad de Salamanca durante el curso académico 2021/2022
Time-dependent inhibition of phospholipase C β -catalysed phosphoinositide hydrolysis: a comparison of different assays
Creators: name: JAMES, Stephen R.
name: PATERSON, Andrew
name: Peter DOWNES, C.
name: Kendall HARDEN, T.
name: SMITH, Sheila
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: The properties of three different beta-isoforms of phospholipase C (PLC) were analysed using substrate lipids dispersed in phospholipid vesicles, phospholipid-detergent mixed micelles and phospholipid monolayers spread at an air-water interface. Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis went virtually to completion in monolayers, but inositol trisphosphate production was curtailed prematurely in vesicular and micellar assays. Assays were linear for less than 2 min with vesicles; the linear portion could be significantly extended in micelles by increasing the ratio of micelles to enzyme molecules. However, onset of a second lower rate of substrate hydrolysis always occurred when < or = 10% of PtdIns(4,5)P(2) had been utilized. This was not due to enzyme inactivation in the micellar interface, determined by addition of fresh substrate or fresh enzyme after the slow phase of activity had started, nor was it due to overt product inhibition of PLC or apparent entrapment of PLC at the micelle surface. These results are similar to those seen in assays using bacterial PLC and we suggest that the biphasic kinetics may be due to product-dependent changes in the presentation of substrate lipic to PLC in lamellar assays, leading to reduced activity.
Susceptibility of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) to experimental West Nile virus infection
Creators: name: Kunkel, Melanie R.
name: Casalena, Mary Jo
name: Mead, Daniel G.
name: Blake, Mitchell
name: Berghaus, Roy D.
name: Adcock, Kayla G.
name: Martin, James A.
name: Ruder, Mark G.
name: Nemeth, Nicole M.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Since the introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) to North America in 1999, WNV is estimated to have contributed to population-level declines in numerous avian species. However, the potential impacts of this virus on many free-ranging upland game bird species, including the wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), which is undergoing regional population declines, remain unknown. Herein, two age groups (∼5 to 6 weeks and ∼15 to 16 weeks post-hatch) of juvenile wild turkeys were subcutaneously inoculated with WNV, sampled daily from 1 to 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), and euthanized on 14 dpi. No clinical signs and minimal gross lesions were attributable to WNV infection. Peak viraemia titres were similar between age groups (<101.7 to 104.6 plaque-forming units [PFU]/ml), but the duration of viraemia was longer in the old group (3–4 days) than in the young group (0–3 days). Intermittent oral and/or cloacal viral shedding from 2 to 7 dpi was detected in both age groups. No infectious virus was detected in the heart, brain, kidney, skeletal muscle, spleen, and feathers from WNV-inoculated turkeys euthanized on 14 dpi. All WNV-inoculated birds seroconverted by 14 dpi, as well as two co-housed sham-inoculated birds. The most consistent microscopic lesions among all WNV-inoculated birds were mild lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis and encephalitis. Minimal immunohistochemical labelling was detected in tissues in addition to scant macrophages within the blood, spleen, and bone marrow. These data suggest WNV is unlikely to pose a significant risk to wild turkey populations, although the possibility remains that WNV may indirectly decrease fitness or predispose wild turkeys to other health stressors. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTSClinical disease was not observed in wild turkeys experimentally infected with WNV.Pathology attributed to WNV was mild and included brain and heart inflammation.Viraemias suggest WNV-infected wild turkeys do not play a role in WNV transmission.No age-associated differences in WNV clinical disease or pathology were observed. Clinical disease was not observed in wild turkeys experimentally infected with WNV. Pathology attributed to WNV was mild and included brain and heart inflammation. Viraemias suggest WNV-infected wild turkeys do not play a role in WNV transmission. No age-associated differences in WNV clinical disease or pathology were observed.
Plant Chip: Plant Root Growth and Imaging in Microfluidic Chip
Creators: name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agronomy
Agrochemicals and biocides (incl. application)
Agro-ecosystem function and prediction
Crop and pasture biomass and bioproducts
Crop and pasture nutrition
Crop and pasture improvement (incl. selection and breeding)
Crop and pasture post harvest technologies (incl. transportation and storage)

description: We describe a microfluidic platform that can be used to study the hydroponic growth of Arabidopsis plants with high-resolution visualization of root development and root-pathogen interactions. The platform comprises a set of parallel microchannels with individual input/output ports, where 1-day old germinated seedlings are initially placed. Under optimal conditions, a root system grows in each microchannel and its images are recorded over a 198-h period. Different concentrations of plant growth media show different root growth characteristics. Later, the developed roots are inoculated with two plant pathogens (nematodes and zoospores) and their effect on the live root systems is observed.
 Parashar, A., & Pandey, S. (2011). Plant-in-chip: Microfluidic system for studying root growth and pathogenic interactions in Arabidopsis. Applied Physics Letters, 98(26), 263703. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3604788 https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3604788
The Role of Dietary Protein in Body Weight Regulation among Active-Duty Military Personnel during Energy Deficit: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Anderson R.E., 3rd
name: Casperson S.L.
name: Kho H.
name: Flack K.D.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2023

description: Active-duty military personnel are subjected to sustained periods of energy deficit during combat and training, leaving them susceptible to detrimental reductions in body weight. The importance of adequate dietary protein intake during periods of intense physical training is well established, where previous research has primarily focused on muscle protein synthesis, muscle recovery, and physical performance. Research on how protein intake may influence body weight regulation in this population is lacking; therefore, the objective of this review was to evaluate the role of dietary protein in body weight regulation among active-duty military during an energy deficit. A literature search based on fixed inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed. English language peer-reviewed journal articles from inception to 3 June 2023 were selected for extraction and quality assessment. Eight studies were identified with outcomes described narratively. The study duration ranged from eight days to six months. Protein was directly provided to participants in all studies except for one. Three studies supplied additional protein via supplementation. The Downs and Black Checklist was used to assess study quality. Five studies were classified as good, two as fair, and one as excellent. All studies reported mean weight loss following energy deficit: the most severe was 4.0 kg. Protein dose during energy deficit varied from 0.5 g/kg/day to 2.4 g/kg/day. Six studies reported mean reductions in fat mass, with the largest being 4.5 kg. Four studies reported mean reductions in fat-free mass, while two studies reported an increase. Results support the recommendation that greater than 0.8 g/kg/day is necessary to mitigate the impact of energy deficit on a decline in lean body mass, while intakes up to 1.6 g/kg/day may be preferred. However, exact recommendations cannot be inferred as the severity and duration of energy deficit varied across studies. Longer and larger investigations are needed to elucidate protein’s role during energy deficit in active-duty military.
Figures showing the raw and refined data from Pressure-induced symmetry changes in body-centred cubic zeolites
Creators: name: Nearchou, Antony
name: Mero-Lee U. Cornelius
name: Zöe L. Jones
name: I. E. Collings
name: Wells, Stephen A.
name: Raithby, Paul R.
name: Sartbaeva, Asel
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 30399 Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30799 Theoretical and Computational Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 100799 Nanotechnology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Nanotechnology

description: Previous work has shown a strong correlation between zeolite framework flexibility and the nature of structural symmetry and phase transitions. However, there is little experimental data regarding this relationship, in addition to how flexibility can be connected to the synthesis of these open-framework materials. This is of interest for the synthesis of novel zeolites, which require organic additives to permutate the resulting geometry and symmetry of the framework. Here, we have used high-pressure powder X-ray diffraction to study the three zeolites: Na-X, RHO and ZK-5, which can all be prepared using 18-crown-6 ether as an organic additive. We observe significant differences in how the occluded 18-crown-6 ether influences the framework flexibility—this being dependant on the geometry of the framework. We use these differences as an indicator to define the role of 18-crown-6 ether during zeolite crystallization. Furthermore, in conjunction with previous work, we predict that pressure-induced symmetry transitions are intrinsic to body-centred cubic zeolites. The high symmetry yields fewer degrees of freedom, meaning it is energetically favourable to lower the symmetry to facilitate further compression.
Two-Way Immersion Classrooms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Parent and Teacher Perceptions of Student Learning
Creators: name: Franco-Jenkins X.
name: Winsler A.
name: Ordoñez Rojas D.
name: LaForett D.R.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2023

description: The present study examined parents’ and teachers’ perceptions of student learning in Spanish–English Dual Language Education (DLE) programs during the COVID-19 pandemic. The participants included 72 parents of students from kindergarten to second grade and eight teachers in two schools in the southeastern U.S. Parents retrospectively reported their perceptions of their children’s instruction and learning experiences in English and Spanish during the 2020–2021 school year. Teachers reported if their students had opportunities to practice oral bilingual skills and their perception of students’ improvement in English and Spanish skills. Parents reported that there were more opportunities to practice English than there were to practice Spanish. Teachers reported that remote instruction offered fewer opportunities than hybrid instruction did to practice oral language skills. Overall, the teachers agreed that students’ language skills in English and Spanish improved. Similarly, the parents agreed that students’ language skills improved; however, they reported that their English skills improved more than their Spanish skills did. Student and family background factors, such as language fluency and parental education, were negatively associated with barriers to remote access. Implications for future research and suggestions for supporting students attending DLE programs during remote instruction are offered.
Arabidopsis Root Growth and Imaging in Microfluidic Chip
Creators: name: Pandey, Santosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Agronomy
Agrochemicals and biocides (incl. application)
Agro-ecosystem function and prediction
Crop and pasture biomass and bioproducts
Crop and pasture nutrition
Crop and pasture improvement (incl. selection and breeding)
Crop and pasture post harvest technologies (incl. transportation and storage)

description: We describe a microfluidic platform that can be used to study the hydroponic growth of Arabidopsis plants with high-resolution visualization of root development and root-pathogen interactions. The platform comprises a set of parallel microchannels with individual input/output ports, where 1-day old germinated seedlings are initially placed. Under optimal conditions, a root system grows in each microchannel and its images are recorded over a 198-h period. Different concentrations of plant growth media show different root growth characteristics. Later, the developed roots are inoculated with two plant pathogens (nematodes and zoospores) and their effect on the live root systems is observed.
 Parashar, A., & Pandey, S. (2011). Plant-in-chip: Microfluidic system for studying root growth and pathogenic interactions in Arabidopsis. Applied Physics Letters, 98(26), 263703. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3604788 https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.3604788
p-adic q-expansion principles on unitary Shimura varieties
Creators: name: Caraiani, Ana
name: Eischen, Ellen
name: Fintzen, Jessica
name: Mantovan, Elena
name: Varma, Ila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We formulate and prove certain vanishing theorems for p-adic automorphic forms on unitary groups of arbitrary signature. The p-adic q-expansion principle for p-adic modular forms on the Igusa tower says that if the coefficients of (sufficiently many of) the q-expansions of a p-adic modular form f are zero, then f vanishes everywhere on the Igusa tower. There is no p-adic q-expansion principle for unitary groups of arbitrary signature in the literature. By replacing q-expansions with Serre-Tate expansions (expansions in terms of Serre-Tate deformation coordinates) and replacing modular forms with automorphic forms on unitary groups of arbitrary signature, we prove an analogue of the p-adic q-expansion principle. More precisely, we show that if the coefficients of (sufficiently many of) the Serre-Tate expansions of a p-adic automorphic form f on the Igusa tower (over a unitary Shimura variety) are zero, then f vanishes identically on the Igusa tower. This paper also contains a substantial expository component. In particular, the expository component serves as a complement to Hida's extensive work on p-adic automorphic forms.
description: 36 pages, accepted for publication in Directions in Number Theory: Proceedings for the 2014 WIN3 workshop
Isolation of peptides from phage-displayed random peptide libraries that interact with the talin-binding domain of vinculin
Creators: name: ADEY, Nils. B
name: KAY, Brian. K
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Peptides isolated from combinatorial libraries typically interact with, and thus help to characterize, biologically relevant binding domains of target proteins. To characterize the binding domains of the focal adhesion protein vinculin, vinculin-binding peptides were isolated from two phage-displayed random peptide libraries. Altogether, five non-similar vinculin-binding peptides were identified. Despite the lack of obvious sequence similarity between the peptides, binding and competition studies indicated that all five interact with the talin-binding domain of vinculin and do not disrupt the binding of alpha-actinin or paxillin to vinculin. The identified peptides and talin bind to vinculin in a comparable manner; both bind to immobilized vinculin, but neither binds to soluble vinculin unless the C-terminus of vinculin has been deleted. An analysis of amino acid variants of one of the peptides has revealed three non-contiguous motifs that also occur in the region of talin previously demonstrated to bind vinculin. Amino acid substitutions within a 127-residue segment of talin capable of binding vinculin confirmed the importance of two of the motifs and suggest that residues critical for binding are within a 16-residue region. This study demonstrates that the vinculin-binding peptides interact with vinculin in a biologically relevant manner and represent an excellent tool for further study of the biochemistry of vinculin.
Purification and characterization of sn -1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol kinase from pig testes
Creators: name: PATERSON, Andrew
name: HODGKIN, Matthew N.
name: ROSE, Sally
name: WAKELAM, Michael J. O.
name: MARTIN, Ashley
name: GARDNER, Sandra D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: 1-Stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol (SAG) kinase was identified in the particulate fraction of pig testes. This activity was enriched by hydroxyapatite and blue dye chromatography. The enzyme was selective for polyunsaturated diradylglycerol species and activity was not modulated by other diradylglycerol species or sphingomyelin metabolites. Further purification resulted in the isolation of 55 and 50 kDa proteins that corresponded with SAG kinase activity. These results support the view that the phosphorylation of polyunsaturated diradylglycerol is regulated by structural determinants in the molecule.
Ras activation in platelets after stimulation of the thrombin receptor, thromboxane A2 receptor or protein kinase C
Creators: name: PARISE, Leslie V.
name: HE, Kai
name: WENCEL-DRAKE, June D.
name: SHOCK, David D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Several reports have indicated that the small G-protein Ras is not present immunologically in platelets. However, here we report the identification of Ras in platelets by immunoprecipitation with the Ras-specific monoclonal antibodies Y13-259 or Y13-238, followed by Western blotting. The presence of Ras was not due to contamination of samples with erythrocytes or leucocytes. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that Ras was present in a peripheral rim pattern in fixed, permeabilized platelets, suggesting an intracellular, plasma membrane location. Activation of platelets with the thrombin receptor peptide42-50, the prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced a rapid increase in GTP-bound, activated Ras. In each case, this increase was inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide GF 109203X, suggesting that Ras is activated downstream of PKC in platelets. Thus the activation of Ras in platelets by agonists will now allow consideration of multiple potential Ras-dependent signal transduction pathways in platelet activation processes.
Identification of a DAGLB Mutation in a Non-Chinese Patient with Parkinson's Disease
Creators: name: Tesson, Christelle
name: Bouchetara, Mohamed Sofiane
name: Ferrien, Mélanie
name: Lesage, Suzanne
name: Brice, Alexis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Liu et al. recently reported that biallelic mutations in DAGLB are responsible for autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease. They identified six patients carrying DAGLB mutations, all of Chinese origin and presenting with typical Parkinson disease. No additional cases outside China have been reported so far.To assess the causality of DAGLB in our cohort, we used data mining in the exomes of 684 index cases with either autosomal recessive or sporadic early onset Parkinson disease (< 50 years). We identified a homozygous p.Pro357Leu missense variant in a single consanguineous PD case. This mutation predicted deleterious, affects a conserved amino acid localized in the catalytic domain of the protein nearby the pathological p.Asp363Gly mutation described in the previous paper. As the most frequent genes involved in AR-PD (PRKN, PINK1), the DAGLB-associated disease presents and evolves like typical PD.This work reinforces the fact that DAGLB is involved in early onset Parkinson disease, but given the fact that we identified a single patient among 684 index cases screened, we conclude that DAGLB is a very rare cause of early onset autosomal recessive Parkinson disease. However, we demonstrate that, mutations in DAGLB are not limited to the Chinese population but can also account for PD in North Africa.We feel that these new data indicate that DAGLB variants should be considered in non-Chinese cases with early-onset typical Parkinson disease.
The plasma-membrane Ca2+-ATPase of Leishmania donovani is an extrusion pump for Ca2+
Creators: name: MUKHERJEE, Tanmoy
name: MANDAL, Debjani
name: MAJUMDAR, Sabita
name: BHADURI, Amar
name: SARKAR, Sibaji
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: Controlled exposure of Leishmania donovani promastigotes to hypotonic shock results in the formation of deflagellated unsealed ghosts of original polarity that largely retain the pellicular microtubular structure associated with plasma membrane of the parasite. Gentle shearing followed by suspension of the purified membrane in appropriate isotonic buffer containing Mg2+ (4mM) results in the formation of sealed everted vesicles. The presence of Mg2+ (4 mM) appears to be essential for efficient sealing and also to prevent leakiness. ATP-dependent Ca2+ accumulation can be demonstrated in these vesicles Km values for Ca2+ and ATP were 125 nM and 0.8 mM respectively. The accumulated Ca2+ reaches a concentration of 1.1 mM. Ca2+ uptake is completely inhibited by vanadate (40 microM) and several thiol-modifying agents. Using 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) as the modifying agent, an excellent correlation between loss of enzyme activity and transport capability and their parallel regeneration in the presence of 2 mM dithiothreitol was demonstrated. Using 2'.7-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein as the fluorescent pH probe, it was observed that Ca2+ entry into the vesicles is accompanied by an outward movement of H+ from the vesicles. Taken together, this paper establishes that the high-affinity transmembrane Ca2+-ATPase [Ghosh, Ray, Sarkar and Bhaduri (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 11345-11351; Majumdar, Mukherjee, Ray and Bhaduri (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 18440-18446] is an extrusion pump for Ca2+ in this human pathogen.
Unlocking the Molecular Secrets of Antifolate Drug Resistance: A Multi-Omics Investigation of the NCI-60 Cell Line Panel
Creators: name: Rushing, Blake R.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Year: 2023

description: Drug resistance continues to be a significant problem in cancer therapy, leading to relapse and associated mortality. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding drug resistance, significant knowledge gaps remain concerning the molecular underpinnings that drive drug resistance and which processes are unique to certain drug classes. The NCI-60 cell line panel program has evaluated the activity of numerous anticancer agents against many common cancer cell line models and represents a highly valuable resource to study intrinsic drug resistance. Furthermore, great efforts have been undertaken to collect high-quality omics datasets to characterize these cell lines. The current study takes these two sources of data—drug response and omics profiles—and uses a multi-omics investigation to uncover molecular networks that differentiate cancer cells that are sensitive or resistant to antifolates, which is a commonly used class of anticancer drugs. Results from a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses showed numerous metabolic processes that differentiate sensitive and resistant cells, including differences in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, arginine and proline metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. Further analysis using multivariate and integrated pathway analysis indicated purine metabolism as the major metabolic process separating cancer cells sensitive or resistant to antifolates. Additional pathways differentiating sensitive and resistant cells included autophagy-related processes (e.g., phagosome, lysosome, autophagy, mitophagy) and adhesion/cytoskeleton-related pathways (e.g., focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, tight junction). Volcano plot analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of top selected variables differentiating Q1 and Q4 revealed the importance of genes involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM). These results provide novel insights toward mechanisms of intrinsic antifolate resistance as it relates to interactions between nucleotide metabolism, autophagy, and the cytoskeleton. These processes should be evaluated in future studies to potentially derive novel therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches to improve antifolate response.
BioTA Podcast Episode #34 Biofilms Podcast Overview
Creators: name: Higbee, Seth
name: Mehrotra, Dr
name: Gibson, J.
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2024

description: BioTA Episode #34: Biofilms
Authors: Seth Higbee1, Pankaj Mehrotra2, J. Phil Gibson1
 Prokaryotes are often taught to us as being free living single-celled organisms that lack membrane bound organelles, however, this limited view of prokaryotic life does not capture the modality of life for most bacteria. In reality, many Prokaryotes and Archaea exist in complex communities held together by a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in structures called biofilms. Throughout this podcast we speak with three microbiologists: Dr. Brad Borlee from Colorado State University, Dr. Dave Bergmann Black Hills State University, and Dr. Pankaj Mehrotra from the University of the People about how biofilms are formed, how they provide an adaptive advantage to bacteria, how scientists are able to identify the species within them, and how biofilms impact us every day. Listeners will be taken from the inside of their own mouths, to the depths of an abandoned gold mine, and then finally to the weightlessness of outer space as they learn about how biofilms are an integral part of prokaryotic life.
 This episode is intended to be integrated into a variety of college courses, provide new ins
Πρωτοπαθής μεμβρανώδη νεφροπάθεια- διαχείριση και θεραπεία
Creators: name: Θεμιστοκλέους, Αντρέας Κυριάκου
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2025
Subjects: Πρωτοπαθής μεμβρανώδης νεφροπάθειαΔιαχείριση πρωτοπαθούς μεμβρανώδους νεφροπάθειας
Θεραπεία πρωτοπαθούς μεμβρανώδους νεφροπάθειας
Primary membranous nephropathy
Management of primary membranous nephropathy
Therapy of primary membranous nephropathy

description: Η μεταπτυχιακή διπλωματική εργασία συντάχθηκε με στόχο την απόκτηση τίτλου μεταπτυχιακού στα πλαίσια συστηματικής ανασκόπησης με θέμα «Πρωτοπαθής Μεμβρανώδης Νεφροπάθεια-Διαχείριση και Θεραπεία» κατά συνέπεια ο έλεγχος έγινε από ένα ερευνητή. Ο τρόπος διεξαγωγής της ήταν ο εξής: χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δύο διαφορετικές βάσεις δεδομένων οι οποίες και εξειδικεύονται σε θέματα υγείας οι οποίες ήταν PubMed και ELSEVIER. Με βάση τις δύο βάσεις δεδομένων επιλέχθηκαν με βάση την αναζήτηση πηγές οι οποίες εξυπηρετούσαν τις λέξεις κλειδιά «Πρωτοπαθής Μεμβρανώδης Νεφροπάθεια, Διαχείριση, Θεραπεία» και το χρονικό περιθώριο που επιλέχθηκε ήταν για πηγές μεταξύ 2009-2024 καθώς η αναφορά των anti-PLA2R σε δημοσιευμένα άρθρα συσχετίζεται με τη χρονολογία έναρξης επιλογής των πηγών. Από τις πηγές που εμφανίστηκαν επιλέχθηκαν εκείνες οι οποίες έκαναν συγκεκριμένα αναφορά στην Πρωτοπαθή Μεμβρανώδη Νεφροπάθεια και όχι πηγές που αναφέρονταν γενικότερα στη Μεμβρανώδη Νεφροπάθεια καθώς και η επιλογή τους έγινε με βάση την περίληψη που παρέθεταν η οποία ήταν σχετική με το θέμα προς ανασκόπηση. Με βάση τις κατευθυντήριες οδηγίες PRISMA 2020: Ανευρέθηκαν n=62 πηγές εκ των οποίων n=2 ήταν διπλές αναφορές.
description: The thesis was written with the aim of obtaining a Master's degree in the context of a systematic review on "Primary Membranous Nephropathy - Management and Treatment" and therefore the review was conducted by one researcher. The way of conducting the study was as follows: two different databases were used which are specialized in health issues which were PubMed and ELSEVIER. Based on the two databases, searchable sources were selected which served the keywords "Primary Membranous Nephropathy, Management, Treatment" and the time frame selected was for sources between 2009-2024 as the mention of anti-PLA2R in published articles correlates with the starting date of source selection. Out of those of the sources that appeared, those that made specific reference to Primary Membranous Nephropathy were selected rather than sources that referred to Membranous Nephropathy in general and the selection was based on the abstract they provided which was relevant to the topic to be reviewed. Based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines: n=62 sources were retrieved of which n=2 were duplicate references.
Mamersa gennada Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Hydryphantidae
Mamersa
Mamersa gennada

description: Mamersa gennada Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Karnataka—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Ponds.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Triacsin C blocks de novo synthesis of glycerolipids and cholesterol esters but not recycling of fatty acid into phospholipid: evidence for functionally separate pools of acyl-CoA
Creators: name: IGAL, R. Ariel
name: WANG, Ping
name: COLEMAN, Rosalind. A
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: The trafficking of acyl-CoAs within cells is poorly understood. In order to determine whether newly synthesized acyl-CoAs are equally available for the synthesis of all glycerolipids and cholesterol esters, we incubated human fibroblasts with [14C]oleate, [3H]arachidonate or [3H]glycerol in the presence or absence of triacsin C, a fungal metabolite that is a competitive inhibitor of acyl-CoA synthetase. Triacsin C inhibited de novo synthesis from glycerol of triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol and cholesterol esters by more than 93%, and the synthesis of phospholipid by 83%. However, the incorporation of oleate or arachidonate into phospholipids appeared to be relatively unimpaired when triacsin was present. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase had similar dependences on palmitoyl-CoA in both liver and fibroblasts; thus it did not appear that acyl-CoAs, when present at low concentrations, would be preferentially used to acylate lysophospholipids. We interpret these data to mean that, when fatty acid is not limiting, triacsin blocks the acylation of glycerol 3-phosphate and diacylglycerol, but not the reacylation of lysophospholipids. Two explanations are possible: (1) different acyl-CoA synthetases exist that vary in their sensitivity to triacsin; (2) an independent mechanism channels acyl-CoA towards phospholipid synthesis when little acyl-CoA is available. In either case, the acyl-CoAs available to acylate cholesterol, glycerol 3-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol and those acyl-CoAs that are used by lysophospholipid acyltransferases and by ceramide N-acyltransferase must reside in two non-mixing acyl-CoA pools or, when acyl-CoAs are limiting, they must be selectively channelled towards specific acyltransferase reactions.
Characterization of the stress-inducing effects of homocysteine
Creators: name: WEITZ, Jeffrey I.
name: LIAW, Patricia C. Y.
name: SARGE, Kevin D.
name: PODOR, Thomas J.
name: OUTINEN, P. Andrew
name: HIRSH, Jack
name: SOOD, Sudesh K.
name: MAEDA, Nobuyo
name: RIBAU, José
name: AUSTIN, Richard C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The mechanism by which homocysteine causes endothelial cell (EC) injury and/or dysfunction is not fully understood. To examine the stress-inducing effects of homocysteine on ECs, mRNA differential display and cDNA microarrays were used to evaluate changes in gene expression in cultured human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) exposed to homocysteine. Here we show that homocysteine increases the expression of GRP78 and GADD153, stress-response genes induced by agents or conditions that adversely affect the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Induction of GRP78 was specific for homocysteine because other thiol-containing amino acids, heat shock or H2O2 did not appreciably increase GRP78 mRNA levels. Homocysteine failed to elicit an oxidative stress response in HUVEC because it had no effect on the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) including HSP70, nor did it activate heat shock transcription factor 1. Furthermore homocysteine blocked the H2O2-induced expression of HSP70. In support of our findings in vitro, steady-state mRNA levels of GRP78, but not HSP70, were elevated in the livers of cystathionine beta-synthase-deficient mice with hyperhomocysteinaemia. These studies indicate that the activation of stress response genes by homocysteine involves reductive stress leading to altered ER function and is in contrast with that of most other EC perturbants. The observation that homocysteine also decreases the expression of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and natural killer-enhancing factor B suggests that homocysteine could potentially enhance the cytotoxic effect of agents or conditions known to cause oxidative stress.
Named Entity Recognition for Monitoring Plant Health Threats in Tweets: a ChouBERT Approach
Creators: name: Jiang, Shufan
name: Angarita, Rafael
name: Cormier, Stéphane
name: Rousseaux, Francis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: An important application scenario of precision agriculture is detecting and measuring crop health threats using sensors and data analysis techniques. However, the textual data are still under-explored among the existing solutions due to the lack of labelled data and fine-grained semantic resources. Recent research suggests that the increasing connectivity of farmers and the emergence of online farming communities make social media like Twitter a participatory platform for detecting unfamiliar plant health events if we can extract essential information from unstructured textual data. ChouBERT is a French pre-trained language model that can identify Tweets concerning observations of plant health issues with generalizability on unseen natural hazards. This paper tackles the lack of labelled data by further studying ChouBERT's know-how on token-level annotation tasks over small labeled sets.
description: 2022 6th International Conference on Universal Village (UV), Oct 2022, Boston, United States
Characterizing the variability of a sample of massive pulsators in eclipsing binaries
Creators: name: Eze, Christian Ikechukwu
name: Handler, Gerald
name: Aliçavuş, Filiz Kahraman
name: Pawar, Tilak
name: Miszuda, Amadeusz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Massive stars exhibit a perplexing mismatch between their inferred masses from different observational techniques, posing a significant challenge to our understanding of stellar evolution and structure. This discrepancy is believed to be caused by the underestimation of the convective core masses. The efficiency of such measurement is usually impaired by a lot of processes at work in the interior of the stars such as convective core overshooting and interior rotation. By integrating the precision of asteroseismology, which provides insights into the internal structure and dynamics of stars, with the detailed observational constraints offered by eclipsing binary systems, this study aims to precisely characterize a sample of massive pulsators in eclipsing binaries to infer their properties and evolutionary state. In this paper, a sample of 10 massive pulsators in eclipsing binary systems, observed photometrically with TESS and spectroscopically with SALT and CHIRON between 2021 and 2023, are analyzed. The orbital elements as well as the basic stellar parameters of the targets in the sample are fitted to derive the geometry of their orbits as well as their absolute parameters. The asteroseismic properties of the targets are also obtained, which unravel their core dynamics and profiles. This is a precursor work that provides detailed characterization of the targets in the sample for future theoretical modeling.
Activation of integrin-beta3-associated syk in platelets.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: Published data suggest that the tyrosine kinase syk participates in platelet signalling through the integrin alphaIIbbeta3. Our data show an association of syk and integrin beta3 in immunoprecipitates from unstimulated and stimulated platelets. We detected syk in anti-beta3 precipitates and, conversely, beta3 in anti-syk precipitates. In vitro kinase assays with anti-beta3 precipitates demonstrated that syk activity was enhanced in ADP-stimulated platelets.
Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) Preenchimento Fichas do Previne Brasil
Creators: name: SOUZA, Gabriela Cristini Manito
name: GONÇALVES, Thaís Melo
name: LOPES, Thiago Pereira
name: NASCIMENTO, Cibele Braga Ferreira
name: NASCIMENTO, Liliane Silva do
name: SILVA, André Vilhena da
name: DIAS, Hércules Bezzera
name: SIQUEIRA, Mayra Rolla
name: PEREIRA, Camilo Eduardo Almeida
name: LIMA, Vitor Nina de
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Este é um Procedimento Operacional Padrão (POP) para o preenchimento de fichas dos indicadores n.1º e n.7º do Previne Brasil
Vibrio gazogenes-dependent disruption of aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus flavus: the connection with endosomal uptake and hyphal morphogenesis
Creators: name: Cary J.W.
name: Keller N.P.
name: Basu P.
name: Lebar M.D.
name: Decho A.W.
name: Gummadidala P.M.
name: Dias T.
name: Chandler S.
name: Chanda A.
name: Jesmin R.
name: Majumdar R.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media SA
Year: 2023

description: Aflatoxins, a family of fungal secondary metabolites, are toxic and carcinogenic compounds that pose an enormous threat to global food safety and agricultural sustainability. Specifically agricultural products in African, Southeast Asian and hot and humid regions of American countries suffer most damage from aflatoxin producing molds due to the ideal climate conditions promoting their growth. Our recent studies suggest that Vibrio gazogenes (Vg), an estuarine bacterium non-pathogenic to plants and humans, can significantly inhibit aflatoxin biosynthesis in the producers. In this study, we investigated the mechanism underlying Vg-dependent aflatoxin inhibition using the prominent aflatoxin producer, Aspergillus flavus. We show that aflatoxin inhibition upon Vg treatment was associated with fungal uptake of Vg-prodigiosin, a red pigment, which was consistently visible inside fungal hyphae during treatment. The association of prodigiosin with aflatoxin inhibition was further evident as Serratia marcescens, another prodigiosin producer, significantly inhibited aflatoxin, while non-producers like Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio harveyi, and Vibrio fischeri did not. Also, pure prodigiosin significantly inhibited aflatoxin biosynthesis. Endocytosis inhibitors, filipin and natamycin, reduced the Vg-prodigiosin uptake by the fungus leading to a significant increase in aflatoxin production, suggesting that uptake is endocytosis-dependent. The Vg treatment also reduced hyphal fusion (>98% inhibition) and branching, which are both endosome-dependent processes. Our results, therefore, collectively support our theory that Vg-associated aflatoxin inhibition is mediated by an endocytosis-dependent uptake of Vg-prodigiosin, which possibly leads to a disruption of normal endosomal functions.
AMP-activated kinase reciprocally regulates triacylglycerol synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in liver and muscle: evidence that sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase is a novel target
Creators: name: WITTERS, Lee A.
name: MUOIO, Deborah M.
name: SEEFELD, Kimberly
name: COLEMAN, Rosalind A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is activated in response to metabolic stresses that deplete cellular ATP, and in both liver and skeletal muscle, activated AMPK stimulates fatty acid oxidation. To determine whether AMPK might reciprocally regulate glycerolipid synthesis, we studied liver and skeletal-muscle lipid metabolism in the presence of 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide (AICA) riboside, a cell-permeable compound whose phosphorylated metabolite activates AMPK. Adding AICA riboside to cultured rat hepatocytes for 3 h decreased [14C]oleate and [3H]glycerol incorporation into triacylglycerol (TAG) by 50% and 38% respectively, and decreased oleate labelling of diacylglycerol by 60%. In isolated mouse soleus, a highly oxidative muscle, incubation with AICA riboside for 90 min decreased [14C]oleate incorporation into TAG by 37% and increased 14CO2 production by 48%. When insulin was present, [14C]oleate oxidation was 49% lower and [14C]oleate incorporation into TAG was 62% higher than under basal conditions. AICA riboside blocked insulin's antioxidative and lipogenic effects, increasing fatty acid oxidation by 78% and decreasing labelled TAG 43%. Similar results on fatty acid oxidation and acylglycerol synthesis were observed in C2C12 myoblasts, and in differentiated C2C12 myotubes, AICA riboside also inhibited the hydrolysis of intracellular TAG. These data suggest that AICA riboside might inhibit sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), which catalyses the committed step in the pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis. Incubating rat hepatocytes with AICA riboside for both 15 and 30 min decreased mitochondrial GPAT activity 22-34% without affecting microsomal GPAT, diacylglycerol acyltransferase or acyl-CoA synthetase activities. Finally, purified recombinant AMPKalpha1 and AMPKalpha2 inhibited hepatic mitochondrial GPAT in a time-and ATP-dependent manner. These data show that AMPK reciprocally regulates acyl-CoA channelling towards beta-oxidation and away from glycerolipid biosynthesis, and provide strong evidence that AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits mitochondrial GPAT.