cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dominance-based Rough Set Approach, basic ideas and main trends
Creators: name: Błaszczyński, Jerzy
name: Greco, Salvatore
name: Matarazzo, Benedetto
name: Szeląg, Marcin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.6[Artificial Intelligence]:Learning---induction, I.2.4[AI]:Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods---representations (procedural and rule-based)

description: Dominance-based Rough Approach (DRSA) has been proposed as a machine learning and knowledge discovery methodology to handle Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA). Due to its capacity of asking the decision maker (DM) for simple preference information and supplying easily understandable and explainable recommendations, DRSA gained much interest during the years and it is now one of the most appreciated MCDA approaches. In fact, it has been applied also beyond MCDA domain, as a general knowledge discovery and data mining methodology for the analysis of monotonic (and also non-monotonic) data. In this contribution, we recall the basic principles and the main concepts of DRSA, with a general overview of its developments and software. We present also a historical reconstruction of the genesis of the methodology, with a specific focus on the contribution of Roman Słowiński.
description: This research was partially supported by TAILOR, a project funded by European Union (EU) Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under GA No 952215. This submission is a preprint of a book chapter accepted by Springer, with very few minor differences of just technical nature
Recovery of Recombinant Avian Paramyxovirus Type-3 Strain Wisconsin by Reverse Genetics and Its Evaluation as a Vaccine Vector for Chickens
Creators: name: Elbehairy, Mohamed A.
name: Khattar, Sunil K.
name: Samal, Siba K.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: avian paramyxoviure type 3 (APMV-3)
paramyxovirus vaccine vector
reverse genetics
virus pathogenesis
avian vaccine

description: A reverse genetic system for avian paramyxovirus type-3 (APMV-3) strain Wisconsin was created and the infectious virus was recovered from a plasmid-based viral antigenomic cDNA. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was cloned into the recombinant APMV-3 genome as a foreign gene. Stable expression of GFP by the recovered virus was confirmed for at least 10 consecutive passages. APMV-3 strain Wisconsin was evaluated against APMV-3 strain Netherlands and APMV-1 strain LaSota as a vaccine vector. The three viral vectors expressing GFP as a foreign protein were compared for level of GFP expression level, growth rate in chicken embryo fibroblast (DF-1) cells, and tissue distribution and immunogenicity in specific pathogen-free (SPF) day-old chickens. APMV-3 strain Netherlands showed highest growth rate and GFP expression level among the three APMV vectors in vitro. APMV-3 strain Wisconsin and APMV-1 strain LaSota vectors were mainly confined to the trachea after vaccination of day-old SPF chickens without any observable pathogenicity, whereas APMV-3 strain Netherlands showed wide tissue distribution in different body organs (brain, lungs, trachea, and spleen) with mild observable pathogenicity. In terms of immunogenicity, both APMV-3 strain-vaccinated groups showed HI titers two to three fold higher than that induced by APMV-1 strain LaSota vaccinated group. This study offers a novel paramyxovirus vector (APMV-3 strain Wisconsin) which can be used safely for vaccination of young chickens as an alternative for APMV-1 strain LaSota vector.
Relativistic Reconnection: an Efficient Source of Non-Thermal Particles
Creators: name: Sironi, Lorenzo
name: Spitkovsky, Anatoly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In magnetized astrophysical outflows, the dissipation of field energy into particle energy via magnetic reconnection is often invoked to explain the observed non-thermal signatures. By means of two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate anti-parallel reconnection in magnetically-dominated electron-positron plasmas. Our simulations extend to unprecedentedly long temporal and spatial scales, so we can capture the asymptotic state of the system beyond the initial transients, and without any artificial limitation by the boundary conditions. At late times, the reconnection layer is organized into a chain of large magnetic islands connected by thin X-lines. The plasmoid instability further fragments each X-line into a series of smaller islands, separated by X-points. At the X-points, the particles become unmagnetized and they get accelerated along the reconnection electric field. We provide definitive evidence that the late-time particle spectrum integrated over the whole reconnection region is a power-law, whose slope is harder than -2 for magnetizations sigma>10. Efficient particle acceleration to non-thermal energies is a generic by-product of the long-term evolution of relativistic reconnection in both two and three dimensions. In three dimensions, the drift-kink mode corrugates the reconnection layer at early times, but the long-term evolution is controlled by the plasmoid instability, that facilitates efficient particle acceleration, in analogy to the two-dimensional physics. Our findings have important implications for the generation of hard photon spectra in pulsar winds and relativistic astrophysical jets.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, ApJL accepted, movies available at https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~lsironi/Site/sigma10.no.guide.field/
Testung von Personal in Alten- und Pflegeheimen auf SARS-CoV-2 durch Mitglieder des Praxisnetzes Paderborn e. V.
Creators: name: Jopen, R.
name: Polenz, U.
name: Bandorski, T.
name: Figge, C.
name: Franke, C.
name: Heinkelein, M.
name: Klomfaß, M.
name: Scheer, M.
name: Schnülle, S.
name: Vossmann, T.
Publisher: name: Robert Koch-Institut
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: COVID-19
subject: Corona
subject: SARS
subject: Altenheim
subject: Pflegeheim
subject: Ausbruch
subject: Gesundheitsamt
subject: Abstrich
subject: Screening
subject: Kontaktperson
subject: 610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: In einer einwöchigen Testaktion wurde mit 18 ÄrztInnen bei 2.167 MitarbeiterInnen aus 27 Pflegeheimen SARS-CoV-2 in Nasen-Rachen-Abstrichen untersucht. Das Epidemiologische Bulletin 21/2020 berichtet, dass in 5 der Einrichtungen bis dahin unbekannte positive MitarbeiterInnen identifiziert wurden. In 4 der betroffenen Einrichtungen waren bisher keine SARS-CoV-2-Fälle bekannt. Die notwendigen Maßnahmen zur Quarantäne und Kontaktverfolgung wurden vom Gesundheitsamt und den Einrichtungsleitungen in die Wege geleitet.
title: zwey schöne lieder, Eyn Geystlichs vnnd ein weltlichs, von der Königin vo[n] Hungern, Frawen Maria, vnd jrem gemahel König Ludwig als er vo[n] jr jn streyt zoch wider den Türcken; [ca. 1530]
title: Daz erste, Im Thon, Vngnad beger ich nit von jr. Das annder Im Thon. Es wonet lieb bey liebe
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2022

description: Im gedruckten VD16 noch ohne Druckort-/Druckerbestimmung. - Druckjahr im VD16 Grundwerk fälschlich: 1540
Internal or external magma oceans in the earliest protoplanets -- perspectives from nitrogen and carbon fractionation
Creators: name: Grewal, Damanveer S.
name: Seales, Johnny D.
name: Dasgupta, Rajdeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When the extent of protoplanetary melting approached magma ocean (MO)-like conditions, alloy melts efficiently segregated from the silicates to form metallic cores. The nature of the MO of a differentiating protoplanet, i.e., internal or external MO (IMO or EMO), not only determines the abundances of life-essential volatiles like nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) in its core and mantle reservoirs but also the timing and mechanism of volatile loss. Whether the earliest formed protoplanets had IMOs or EMOs is, however, poorly understood. Here we model equilibrium N and C partitioning between alloy and silicate melts in the absence (IMO) or presence (EMO) of vapor degassed atmospheres. Bulk N and C inventories of the protoplanets during core formation are constrained for IMOs and EMOs by comparing the predicted N and C abundances in the alloy melts from both scenarios with N and C concentrations in the parent cores of magmatic iron meteorites. Our results show that in comparison to EMOs, protoplanets having IMOs satisfy N and C contents of the parent cores with substantially lower amounts of bulk N and C present in the parent body during core formation. As the required bulk N and C contents for IMOs and EMOs are in the sub-chondritic and chondritic range, respectively, N and C fractionation models alone cannot be used to distinguish the prevalence of these two end-member differentiation regimes. A comparison of N and C abundances in chondrites with their peak metamorphic temperatures suggests that protoplanetary interiors could lose a substantial portion of their N and C inventories with increasing degrees of thermal metamorphism.
description: 19 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Non-Target Site Mechanisms of Fungicide Resistance in Crop Pathogens: A Review
Creators: name: Hu, Mengjun
name: Chen, Shuning
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: fungicide resistance
molecular basis
non-target site
plant pathogens

description: The rapid emergence of resistance in plant pathogens to the limited number of chemical classes of fungicides challenges sustainability and profitability of crop production worldwide. Understanding mechanisms underlying fungicide resistance facilitates monitoring of resistant populations at large-scale, and can guide and accelerate the development of novel fungicides. A majority of modern fungicides act to disrupt a biochemical function via binding a specific target protein in the pathway. While target-site based mechanisms such as alternation and overexpression of target genes have been commonly found to confer resistance across many fungal species, it is not uncommon to encounter resistant phenotypes without altered or overexpressed target sites. However, such non-target site mechanisms are relatively understudied, due in part to the complexity of the fungal genome network. This type of resistance can oftentimes be transient and noninheritable, further hindering research efforts. In this review, we focused on crop pathogens and summarized reported mechanisms of resistance that are otherwise related to target-sites, including increased activity of efflux pumps, metabolic circumvention, detoxification, standing genetic variations, regulation of stress response pathways, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or mutations. In addition, novel mechanisms of drug resistance recently characterized in human pathogens are reviewed in the context of nontarget-directed resistance.
Disentangling Mixtures of Unknown Causal Interventions
Creators: name: Kumar, Abhinav
name: Sinha, Gaurav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In many real-world scenarios, such as gene knockout experiments, targeted interventions are often accompanied by unknown interventions at off-target sites. Moreover, different units can get randomly exposed to different unknown interventions, thereby creating a mixture of interventions. Identifying different components of this mixture can be very valuable in some applications. Motivated by such situations, in this work, we study the problem of identifying all components present in a mixture of interventions on a given causal Bayesian Network. We construct an example to show that, in general, the components are not identifiable from the mixture distribution. Next, assuming that the given network satisfies a positivity condition, we show that, if the set of mixture components satisfy a mild exclusion assumption, then they can be uniquely identified. Our proof gives an efficient algorithm to recover these targets from the exponentially large search space of possible targets. In the more realistic scenario, where distributions are given via finitely many samples, we conduct a simulation study to analyze the performance of an algorithm derived from our identifiability proof.
Statins in cardiometabolic disease: what makes pitavastatin different?
Creators: name: Ginsberg, Henry N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine

description: The term cardiometabolic disease encompasses a range of lifestyle-related conditions, including Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), that are characterized by different combinations of cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, including dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia/insulin resistance, and vascular inflammation. These risk factors individually and interdependently increase the risk of CV and cerebrovascular events, and represent one of the biggest health challenges worldwide today. CV diseases account for almost 50% of all deaths in Europe and around 30% of all deaths worldwide. Furthermore, the risk of CV death is increased twofold to fourfold in people with T2D. Whilst the clinical management of CV disease has improved in Western Europe, the pandemic of obesity and T2D reduces the impact of these gains. This, together with the growing, aging population, means the number of CV deaths is predicted to increase from 17.1 million worldwide in 2004 to 23.6 million in 2030. The recommended treatment for MetS is lifestyle change followed by treatment for the individual risk factors. Numerous studies have shown that lowering low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels using statins can significantly reduce CV risk in people with and without T2D or MetS. However, the risk of major vascular events in those attaining the maximum levels of LDL-C-reduction is only reduced by around one-third, which leaves substantial residual risk. Recent studies suggest that low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (<1 .0 mmol/l; 40 mg/dl) and high triglyceride levels (≥1.7 mmol/l; 150 mg/dl) are independent risk factors for CV disease and that the relationship between HDL-C and CV risk persists even when on-treatment LDL-C levels are low (<1.7 mmol/l; 70 mg/dl). European guidelines highlight the importance of reducing residual risk by targeting these risk factors in addition to LDL-C. This is particularly important in patients with T2D and MetS because obesity and high levels of glycated hemoglobin are directly related to low levels of HDL-C and high triglyceride. Although most statins have a similar low-density lipoprotein-lowering efficacy, differences in chemical structure and pharmacokinetic profile can lead to variations in pleiotropic effects (for example, high-density lipoprotein-elevating efficacy), adverse event profiles, and drug-drug interactions. The choice of statin should therefore depend on the needs of the individual patient. The following reviews will discuss the potential benefits of pitavastatin versus other statins in the treatment of patients with dyslipidemia and MetS or T2D, focusing on its effects on HDL-C quantity and quality, its potential impact on atherosclerosis and CV risk, and its metabolic characteristics that reduce the risk of drug interactions. Recent controversies surrounding the potentially diabetogenic effects of statins will also be discussed.
An Effective Method for Generating Spatiotemporally Continuous 30 m Vegetation Products
Creators: name: Li, Xiuxia
name: Liang, Shunlin
name: Jin, Huaan
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: LAI
NDVI
data integration
time series
similarity

description: Leaf area index (LAI) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) are key parameters for various applications. However, due to sensor tradeoff and cloud contaminations, these data are often temporally intermittent and spatially discontinuous. To address the discontinuities, this study proposed a method based on spectral matching of 30 m discontinuous values from Landsat data and 500 m temporally continuous values from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. Experiments have proven that the proposed method can effectively yield spatiotemporally continuous vegetation products at 30 m spatial resolution. The results for three different study areas with NDVI and LAI showed that the method performs well in restoring the time series, fills in the missing data, and reasonably predicts the images. Remarkably, the proposed method could address the issue when no cloud-free data pairs are available close to the prediction date, because of the temporal information “borrowed” from coarser resolution data. Hence, the proposed method can make better use of partially obscured images. The reconstructed spatiotemporally continuous data have great potential for monitoring vegetation, agriculture, and environmental dynamics.
An Overview of Ellipsometric Measurements for Nonplanar Surfaces
Creators: name: Chen, Chia-Wei
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2019

description: Ellipsometry is an optical method used for characterizing materials and thin films. The principle of ellipsometry is that it measures polarization changes at a sample in a reflection or transmission configuration. However, the shape of the sample is limited to flat or nearly flat surfaces because ellipsometry is sensitive to the angle of incidence, tilt angle and the sample position (height). Even slight misalignment of the sample might lead to significant experimental errors. For large misalignment, the detector of the ellipsometer is not feasible to receive sufficient signals. There have been a few approaches for characterizing nonplanr surfaces by ellipsometry. This report gives an overview of these approaches for ellipsometric measurements of nonplanar surfaces.
Rado Numbers and SAT Computations
Creators: name: Chang, Yuan
name: De Loera, Jesús A.
name: Wesley, William J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a linear equation $\mathcal{E}$, the $k$-color Rado number $R_k(\mathcal{E})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that every $k$-coloring of $\{1,2,3,\dots,n\}$ contains a monochromatic solution to $\mathcal E$. The degree of regularity of $\mathcal E$, denoted $dor(\mathcal E)$, is the largest value $k$ such that $R_k(\mathcal E)$ is finite. In this article we present new theoretical and computational results about the Rado numbers $R_3(\mathcal{E})$ and the degree of regularity of three-variable equations $\mathcal{E}$. % We use SAT solvers to compute many new values of the three-color Rado numbers $R_3(ax+by+cz = 0)$ for fixed integers $a,b,$ and $c$. We also give a SAT-based method to compute infinite families of these numbers. In particular, we show that the value of $R_3(x-y = (m-2) z)$ is equal to $m^3-m^2-m-1$ for $m\ge 3$. This resolves a conjecture of Myers and implies the conjecture that the generalized Schur numbers $S(m,3) = R_3(x_1+x_2 + \dots x_{m-1} = x_m)$ equal $m^3-m^2-m-1$ for $m\ge 3$. Our SAT solver computations, combined with our new combinatorial results, give improved bounds on $dor(ax+by = cz)$ and exact values for $1\le a,b,c\le 5 $. We also give counterexamples to a conjecture of Golowich.
Estimating Global Gross Primary Production from Sun-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Data and Auxiliary Information Using Machine Learning Methods
Creators: name: Bai, Yu
name: Liang, Shunlin
name: Yuan, Wenping
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: gross primary production (GPP)
sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF)
GOSIF

description: The gross primary production (GPP) is important for regulating the global carbon cycle and climate change. Recent studies have shown that sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) is highly advantageous regarding GPP monitoring. However, using SIF to estimate GPP on a global scale is limited by the lack of a stable SIF-GPP relationship. Here, we estimated global monthly GPP at 0.05° spatial resolution for the period 2001–2017, using the global OCO-2-based SIF product (GOSIF) and other auxiliary data. Large amounts of flux tower data are not available to the public and the available data is not evenly distributed globally and has a smaller measured footprint than the GOSIF data. This makes it difficult to use the flux tower GPP directly as an input to the model. Our strategy is to scale in situ measurements using two moderate-resolution satellite GPP products (MODIS and GLASS). Specifically, these two satellite GPP products were calibrated and eventually integrated by in situ measurements (FLUXNET2015 dataset, 83 sites), which was then used to train a machine learning model (GBRT) that performed the best among five evaluated models. The GPP estimates from GOSIF were highly accurate coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.58, root mean square error (RMSE) = 2.74 g C·m−2, bias = –0.34 g C·m−2) as validated by in situ measurements, and exhibited reasonable spatial and seasonal variations on a global scale. Our method requires fewer input variables and has higher computational efficiency than other satellite GPP estimation methods. Satellite-based SIF data provide a unique opportunity for more accurate, near real-time GPP mapping in the future.
Unraveling the Origin of Overionized Plasma in the Galactic Supernova Remnant W49B
Creators: name: Lopez, Laura A.
name: Pearson, Sarah
name: Ramirez-Ruiz, Enrico
name: Castro, Daniel
name: Yamaguchi, Hiroya
name: Slane, Patrick O.
name: Smith, Randall K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations have shown several supernova remnants (SNRs) have overionized plasmas, those where ions are stripped of more electrons than they would be if in equilibrium with the electron temperature. Rapid electron cooling is necessary to produce this situation, yet the physical origin of that cooling remains uncertain. To assess the cooling scenario responsible for overionization, in this paper, we identify and map the overionized plasma in the Galactic SNR W49B based on a 220 ks Chandra Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer (ACIS) observation. We performed a spatially-resolved spectroscopic analysis, measuring the electron temperature by modeling the continuum and comparing it to the temperature given by the flux ratio of the He-like and H-like lines of sulfur and of argon. Using these results, we find that W49B is overionized in the west, with a gradient of increasing overionization from east to west. As the ejecta expansion is impeded by molecular material in the east but not in the west, our overionization maps suggest the dominant cooling mechanism is adiabatic expansion of the hot plasma.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, resubmitted to ApJ following referee comments
Photogalvanic current in electron gas over a liquid helium surface
Creators: name: Entin, M. V.
name: Magarill, L. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the stationary surface photocurrent in 2D electron gas near the helium surface. Electron gas is assumed to be attracted to the helium surface due to the image attracting force and an external stationary electric field. The alternating electric field has both vertical and in-plane components. The photogalvanic effect originates from the periodic transitions of electrons between quantum subbands in the vertical direction caused by a normal component of the alternating electric field accompanied by synchronous in-plane acceleration/deceleration due to the electric field in-plane component. The effect needs vertical asymmetry of the system. The problem is considered taking into account a friction caused by the electron-ripplon interaction. The photocurrent resonantly depends on the field frequency. The resonance occurs at field frequencies close to the distance between well subbands. The resonance is symmetric or antisymmetric depending on the kind (linear or circular) of polarization.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
CETN1 is a cancer testis antigen with expression in prostate and pancreatic cancers
Creators: name: Kulkami, Prakash
name: Mooney, Steven M.
name: Kim, John J.
name: Rajagopalan, Krithika
name: Hussain, Basil
name: Williams, Brenten H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Oncology

description: Background: The Cancer Testis Antigens (CTAs) are a group of genes that are highly expressed in the normal testis and several types of cancer. Due to their restricted expression in normal adult tissues, CTAs have been attractive targets for immunotherapy and biomarker development. In this work, we discovered that Centrin 1 (CETN1) which is found in the centrosome of all eukaryotes, may be a member of this group and is highly expressed in prostate and pancreatic cancer. Three members of the centrin family of calcium binding proteins (CETN) are localized to the centrosome in all eukaryotes with CDC31 being the sole yeast homolog. CETN1 is a retrogene that probably arose from a retrotransposition of CETN2, an X-linked gene. A previous mouse study shows that CETN1 is expressed solely in the testis, while CETN2 is expressed in all organs. Results: In this work, we show that CETN1 is a new member of the growing group of CTAs. Through the mining of publicly available microarray data, we discovered that human CETN1 expression but not CETN2 or CETN3 is restricted to the testis. In fact, CETN1 is actually down-regulated in testicular malignancies compared to normal testis. Using q-PCR, CETN1 expression is shown to be highly up-regulated in cancer of the prostate and in pancreatic xenografts. Unexpectedly however, CETN1 expression was virtually absent in various cell lines until they were treated with the DNA demethylation agent 5’AZA-2’Deoxycytidine (AZA) but showed no increased expression upon incubation with Histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin-A (TSA) alone. Additionally, like most CTAs, CETN1 appears to be an intrinsically disordered protein which implies that it may occupy a hub position in key protein interaction networks in cancer. Neither CETN1 nor CETN2 could compensate for loss of CDC31 expression in yeast which is analogous to published data for CETN3. Conclusions: This work suggests that CETN1 is a novel CTA with expression in cancer of the prostate and pancreas. In cell lines, the expression is probably regulated by promoter methylation, while the method of regulation in normal adult tissues remains unknown.
Wave Propagation Studies in Numerical Wave Tanks with Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Samarpan
name: Balachandran, Balakumar
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: WCSPH
GPGPU
numerical dissipation
numerical wave tank
Wendland kernels
extreme waves

description: Generation and propagation of waves in a numerical wave tank constructed using Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) are considered here. Numerical wave tank simulations have been carried out with implementations of different Wendland kernels in conjunction with different numerical dissipation schemes. The simulations were accelerated by using General Process Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU) computing to utilize the massively parallel nature of the simulations and thus improve process efficiency. Numerical experiments with short domains have been carried out to validate the dissipation schemes used. The wave tank experiments consist of piston-type wavemakers and appropriate passive absorption arrangements to facilitate comparisons with theoretical predictions. The comparative performance of the different numerical wave tank experiments was carried out on the basis of the hydrostatic pressure and wave surface elevations. The effect of numerical dissipation with the different kernel functions was also studied on the basis of energy analysis. Finally, the observations and results were used to arrive at the best possible numerical set up for simulation of waves at medium and long distances of propagation, which can play a significant role in the study of extreme waves and energy localizations observed in oceans through such numerical wave tank simulations.
Simultaneous Modeling of the Stellar and Dust Emission in Distant Galaxies: Implications for Star Formation Rate Measurements
Creators: name: Utomo, Dyas
name: Kriek, Mariska
name: Labbe, Ivo
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Fumagalli, Mattia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have used near-ultraviolet (NUV) to mid-infrared (MIR) composite spectral energy distributions (SEDs) to simultaneously model the attenuated stellar and dust emission of 0.5 < z < 2.0 galaxies. These composite SEDs were previously constructed from the photometric catalogs of the NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey, by stacking the observed photometry of galaxies that have similar rest-frame NUV-to-NIR SEDs. In this work, we include a stacked MIPS 24 micron measurement for each SED type to extend the SEDs to rest-frame MIR wavelengths. Consistent with previous studies, the observed MIR emission for most SED types is higher than expected from only the attenuated stellar emission. We fit the NUV-to-MIR composite SEDs by the Flexible Stellar Population Synthesis (SPS) models, which include both stellar and dust emission. We compare the best-fit star formation rates (SFRs) to the SFRs based on simple UV+IR estimators. Interestingly, the UV and IR luminosities overestimate SFRs - compared to the model SFRs - by more than ~ 1 dex for quiescent galaxies, while for the highest star-forming galaxies in our sample the two SFRs are broadly consistent. The difference in specific SFRs also shows a gradually increasing trend with declining specific SFR, implying that quiescent galaxies have even lower specific SFRs than previously found. Contributions from evolved stellar populations to both the UV and the MIR SEDs most likely explain the discrepancy. Based on this work, we conclude that SFRs should be determined from modeling the attenuated stellar and dust emission simultaneously, instead of employing simple UV+IR-based SFR estimators.
description: Accepted by ApJL; 6 pages, 5 figures
Stochastic superparameterization in quasigeostrophic turbulence
Creators: name: Grooms, Ian
name: Majda, Andrew J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we expand and develop the authors' recent proposed methodology for efficient stochastic superparameterization (SP) algorithms for geophysical turbulence. Geophysical turbulence is characterized by significant intermittent cascades of energy from the unresolved to the resolved scales resulting in complex patterns of waves, jets, and vortices. Conventional SP simulates large scale dynamics on a coarse grid in a physical domain, and couples these dynamics to high-resolution simulations on periodic domains embedded in the coarse grid. Stochastic SP replaces the nonlinear, deterministic eddy equations on periodic embedded domains by quasilinear stochastic approximations on formally infinite embedded domains. The result is a seamless algorithm which never uses a small scale grid and is far cheaper than conventional SP, but with significant success in difficult test problems. Various design choices in the algorithm are investigated in detail here, including decoupling the timescale of evolution on the embedded domains from the length of the time step used on the coarse grid, and sensitivity to certain assumed properties of the eddies (e.g. the shape of the assumed eddy energy spectrum). The different design choices are compared and contrasted on a stringent test suite for quasigeostrophic turbulence involving two-layer dynamics on a beta-plane forced by an imposed background shear. The algorithms developed are expected to be particularly useful in providing accurate and efficient stochastic parameterizations for use in ensemble-based state estimation and prediction.
Robust KYC via DLT.pdf
Creators: name: Matus Drgon
name: Georgiou, Lamprini
name: Aggelos Kiayias
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Know-Your-Customer (KYC) and Customer due diligence (CDD) are both costly processes that financial institutions are legally required to undertake to conduct busi- ness with their customers. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) has been recently proposed as a potential coordination mechanism for financial institutions to share KYC costs in a common jurisdiction. While the potential benefits from a cost perspective are enticing, there still exist significant downsides from a security and deployment point of view. In this work we tackle these challenges by providing a novel risk limiting smart contract mechanism that facilitates a trade-off between the security of the KYC process and its cost-efficiency. Using our mechanism, the KYC process becomes more robust as it is possible to fine tune its risk limiting ability and thus repair the “brit- tleness” of previous DLT-based solutions, a shortcoming we identify. In addition to a theoretical security analysis establishing the robustness of our proposal we also provide an implementation as a smart contract in Solidity and its analysis.
Scalable Self-Supervised Representation Learning from Spatiotemporal Motion Trajectories for Multimodal Computer Vision
Creators: name: Ganguli, Swetava
name: Iyer, C. V. Krishnakumar
name: Pandey, Vipul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self-supervised representation learning techniques utilize large datasets without semantic annotations to learn meaningful, universal features that can be conveniently transferred to solve a wide variety of downstream supervised tasks. In this work, we propose a self-supervised method for learning representations of geographic locations from unlabeled GPS trajectories to solve downstream geospatial computer vision tasks. Tiles resulting from a raster representation of the earth's surface are modeled as nodes on a graph or pixels of an image. GPS trajectories are modeled as allowed Markovian paths on these nodes. A scalable and distributed algorithm is presented to compute image-like representations, called reachability summaries, of the spatial connectivity patterns between tiles and their neighbors implied by the observed Markovian paths. A convolutional, contractive autoencoder is trained to learn compressed representations, called reachability embeddings, of reachability summaries for every tile. Reachability embeddings serve as task-agnostic, feature representations of geographic locations. Using reachability embeddings as pixel representations for five different downstream geospatial tasks, cast as supervised semantic segmentation problems, we quantitatively demonstrate that reachability embeddings are semantically meaningful representations and result in 4-23% gain in performance, as measured using area under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) metric, when compared to baseline models that use pixel representations that do not account for the spatial connectivity between tiles. Reachability embeddings transform sequential, spatiotemporal mobility data into semantically meaningful tensor representations that can be combined with other sources of imagery and are designed to facilitate multimodal learning in geospatial computer vision.
description: Extended abstract accepted for presentation at BayLearn 2022. 3 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Abstract based on IEEE MDM 2022 research track paper: arXiv:2110.12521
Star - Planet - Debris Disk Alignment in the HD 82943 system: Is planetary system coplanarity actually the norm?
Creators: name: Kennedy, G. M.
name: Wyatt, M. C.
name: Bryden, G.
name: Wittenmyer, R.
name: Sibthorpe, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent results suggest that the two planets in the HD 82943 system are inclined to the sky plane by 20 +/- 4deg. Here, we show that the debris disk in this system is inclined by 27 +/- 4deg, thus adding strength to the derived planet inclinations and suggesting that the planets and debris disk are consistent with being aligned at a level similar to the Solar System. Further, the stellar equator is inferred to be inclined by 28 +/- 4deg, suggesting that the entire star - planet - disk system is aligned, the first time such alignment has been tested for radial velocity discovered planets on ~AU wide orbits. We show that the planet-disk alignment is primordial, and not the result of planetary secular perturbations to the disk inclination. In addition, we note three other systems with planets at >10AU discovered by direct imaging that already have good evidence of alignment, and suggest that empirical evidence of system-wide star - planet - disk alignment is therefore emerging, with the exception of systems that host hot Jupiters. While this alignment needs to be tested in a larger number of systems, and is perhaps unsurprising, it is a reminder that the system should be considered as a whole when considering the orientation of planetary orbits.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
13C Metabolic Flux Analysis Indicates Endothelial Cells Attenuate Metabolic Perturbations by Modulating TCA Activity
Creators: name: Moiz, Bilal
name: Garcia, Jonathan
name: Basehore, Sarah
name: Sun, Angela
name: Li, Andrew
name: Padmanabhan, Surya
name: Albus, Kaitlyn
name: Jang, Cholsoon
name: Sriram, Ganesh
name: Clyne, Alisa Morss
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: metabolic flux analysis
fluxomics
endothelial metabolism
cardiovascular disease
polyol pathway
pentose phosphate pathway
hexosamine biosynthetic pathway
aldose reductase inhibitors

description: Disrupted endothelial metabolism is linked to endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Targeted metabolic inhibitors are potential therapeutics; however, their systemic impact on endothelial metabolism remains unknown. In this study, we combined stable isotope labeling with 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C MFA) to determine how targeted inhibition of the polyol (fidarestat), pentose phosphate (DHEA), and hexosamine biosynthetic (azaserine) pathways alters endothelial metabolism. Glucose, glutamine, and a four-carbon input to the malate shuttle were important carbon sources in the baseline human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) 13C MFA model. We observed two to three times higher glutamine uptake in fidarestat and azaserine-treated cells. Fidarestat and DHEA-treated HUVEC showed decreased 13C enrichment of glycolytic and TCA metabolites and amino acids. Azaserine-treated HUVEC primarily showed 13C enrichment differences in UDP-GlcNAc. 13C MFA estimated decreased pentose phosphate pathway flux and increased TCA activity with reversed malate shuttle direction in fidarestat and DHEA-treated HUVEC. In contrast, 13C MFA estimated increases in both pentose phosphate pathway and TCA activity in azaserine-treated cells. These data show the potential importance of endothelial malate shuttle activity and suggest that inhibiting glycolytic side branch pathways can change the metabolic network, highlighting the need to study systemic metabolic therapeutic effects.
Kale Attenuates Inflammation and Modulates Gut Microbial Composition and Function in C57BL/6J Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity
Creators: name: Shahinozzaman, Md
name: Raychaudhuri, Samnhita
name: Fan, Si
name: Obanda, Diana N.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: kale vegetable
inflammation
Coriobacteriaceae
glycan degradation
thiamine metabolism

description: Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala) is a vegetable common in most cultures but is less studied as a functional food compared to other cruciferous vegetables, such as broccoli. We investigated the effect of supplementing a high-fat diet (HFD) with kale (HFKV) in C57BL/6J mice. We particularly explored its role in metabolic parameters, gut bacterial composition and diversity using 16S rRNA sequencing, systematically compared changes under each phylum and predicted the functional potential of the altered bacterial community using PICRUSt2. Like other cruciferous vegetables, kale attenuated HFD-induced inflammation. In addition, kale modulated HFD-induced changes in cecal microbiota composition. The HFD lowered bacterial diversity, increased the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio and altered composition. Specifically, it lowered Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidia, Rikenellaceae and Prevotellaceae) but increased Firmicutes (mainly class Bacilli). Kale supplementation lowered the F/B ratio, increased both alpha and beta diversity and reduced class Bacilli and Erysipelotrichi but had no effect on Clostridia. Within Actinobacteria, HFKV particularly increased Coriobacteriales/Coriobacteriaceae about four-fold compared to the HFD (p < 0.05). Among Bacteroidia, HFKV increased the species Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron by over two-fold (p = 0.05) compared to the HFD. This species produces plant polysaccharide digesting enzymes. Compared to the HFD, kale supplementation enhanced several bacterial metabolic functions, including glycan degradation, thiamine metabolism and xenobiotic metabolism. Our findings provide evidence that kale is a functional food that modulates the microbiota and changes in inflammation phenotype.
title: Ein vermanu[n]g Kayserlicher Mayestat, sampt aller Stent des Römischen Reichs. Eines Heerzugs, wider den pluttürstige[n] Türckhen [et]c.; [um 1535]
title: Vnd ist in brüd. Veyten thon zu singen
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Sachs, Hans
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München
Year: 2010

description: Verf. ermittelt
Ultra Low Surface Brightness Imaging with the Dragonfly Telephoto Array
Creators: name: Abraham, Roberto G.
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the Dragonfly Telephoto Array, a robotic imaging system optimized for the detection of extended ultra low surface brightness structures. The array consists of eight Canon 400mm f/2.8 telephoto lenses coupled to eight science-grade commercial CCD cameras. The lenses are mounted on a common framework and are co-aligned to image simultaneously the same position on the sky. The system provides an imaging capability equivalent to a 0.4m aperture f/1.0 refractor with a 2.6 deg X 1.9 deg field of view. The system has no obstructions in the light path, optimized baffling, and internal optical surfaces coated with a new generation of anti-reflection coatings based on sub-wavelength nanostructures. As a result, the array's point spread function has a factor of ~10 less scattered light at large radii than well-baffled reflecting telescopes. The Dragonfly Telephoto Array is capable of imaging extended structures to surface brightness levels below 30 mag/arcsec^2 in 10h integrations (without binning or foreground star removal). This is considerably deeper than the surface brightness limit of any existing wide-field telescope. At present no systematic errors limiting the usefulness of much longer integration times has been identified. With longer integrations (50-100h), foreground star removal and modest binning the Dragonfly Telephoto Array is capable of probing structures with surface brightnesses below 32 mag/arcsec^2. Detection of structures at these surface brightness levels may hold the key to solving the "missing substructure" and "missing satellite" problems of conventional hierarchical galaxy formation models. The Dragonfly Telephoto Array is therefore executing a fully-automated multi-year imaging survey of a complete sample of nearby galaxies in order to undertake the first census of ultra-faint substructures in the nearby Universe.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in PASP
Stroke prevention
Creators: name: CELESTIN BILONG MBANGTANG, JNR
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Join us for an enlightening presentation on "Stroke Prevention", designed to empower individuals and communities with essential knowledge and strategies. Spanning 50 informative slides, this presentation is structured around four key objectives: identifying risk factors for stroke, outlining effective prevention strategies and goals, promoting individual-level interventions, and fostering community-wide prevention efforts.

Central to our message is the acrostic FAST—Facial weakness, Arm weakness, Speech disability, and Time to call—an easy-to-remember guideline for recognizing stroke symptoms.

This presentation not only served as a valuable resource but also paved the way for the release of a stroke sensitization video by the Association of Future African Neurosurgeons, aimed at raising awareness on World Stroke Day, October 29, 2021. The oral presentation is available on YouTube for broader access and education. You can watch it here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMSA_c4V1sw
Fruit Morphology Measurements of Jujube Cultivar ‘Lingwu Changzao’ (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao) during Fruit Development
Creators: name: Ma, Yaping
name: Zhang, Dapeng
name: Wang, Zhuangji
name: Song, Lihua
name: Cao, Bing
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2021
Subjects: 'Lingwu Changzao'
fruit morphology
stone morphology

description: ‘Lingwu Changzao’ (Ziziphus jujuba Mill. cv. Lingwuchangzao), a cultivar of Ziziphus in the Rhamnaceae family, is a traditional jujube cultivar in Ningxia, China. For ‘Lingwu Changzao’, morphological traits are prominent in characterizing fruit yield, quality, and consumer acceptance. However, morphological measurements for ‘Lingwu Changzao’ cultivation are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the growing patterns of selected morphological traits during ‘Lingwu Changzao’ fruit development. Eight morphological traits, including four fruit traits (fruit length, diameter, weight, and flesh (mesocarp) thickness), three stone traits (stone length, diameter, and weight), and fruit firmness (also known as fruit hardness), were measured over a 3-mo (months) period, covering a completed fruit development period. Results indicate that the growing patterns of fruit traits coincide with double ‘S’ growth curves, which mainly present the growth of ‘Lingwu Changzao’ fruit. Increases of stone traits terminated in the early fruit growth period, while fruit traits continuously increased till the end of the 3-mo period. That implies a high fruit-stone ratio, i.e., a desirable quality attribute for ‘Lingwu Changzao’ as fresh-eating fruits. The results presented in this study can serve as one part of the standard dataset for jujube fruit cultivation in China, and it can also support decisions in plant breeding and field managements for ‘Lingwu Changzao’.