Protohermes tortuosus Liu, Hayashi & Yang, 2008, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Liu, Xingyue
name: Hayashi, Fumio
name: Yang, Ding
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2008
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Megaloptera
Corydalidae
Protohermes
Protohermes tortuosus

description: Protohermes tortuosus sp. nov.
(Figs 5–6, 23–32)
Diagnosis. This new species is defined by a combination of a yellow pronotum with two pairs of broad black markings, by the forewing having several median longitudinal veins alternating in black and yellow coloration, by the male ninth sternum being deeply incised posteriorly, and by the distal half of male tenth tergum being strongly broadened medially then abruptly narrowed to a dorsally pointing tip.
Male. Body length 16 mm (n=1); forewing length 25–28 mm (n=2), hindwing length 22–25 mm. Head (Figs 23–24) yellow; vertex with pair of small suboblong black markings near posterolateral margins, but black markings occasionally absent; postocular spine absent. Compound eyes brown; ocelli yellow, medially margined black; posterior ocelli close to median ocellus. Antenna black with scape and pedicel yellow. Mouthparts yellow; mandibles with distal half black.
Thorax yellow; pronotum (Fig. 23) with two pairs of broad black markings near lateral margins, posterior pair of markings slightly larger than anterior pair. Thoracic pilosity yellowish, much longer on meso– and metathorax than that on prothorax. Legs yellow, with dense, yellowish short setae; tarsal claws pale reddish brown. Wings (Fig. 5) hyaline, with several yellowish markings. Forewing slightly brownish; proximally with a subtriangular marking, medially with several irregular markings usually fused with each other, and with a round marking at distal 1/3; membrane between proximal and median markings darkened as a narrow transverse band, posteriorly extending to Cu1. Hindwing almost hyaline with marginal area slightly brownish. Veins brown but pale yellow in yellowish markings and proximal half of hindwings, longitudinal veins on proximal half of forewing alternating in black and yellow. Rs 8 to 9–branched, last branch bifurcate; 7–9 crossveins between R1 and Rs; M1+2 6–branched, M3+4 2–branched; 1A 3–branched.
Abdomen yellow. Ninth tergum (Fig. 25) subtrapezoidal, with deeply concave anterior and shallowly convex posterior margins. Ninth sternum (Fig. 26) with posterior margin deeply incised, forming a pair of slender attenuate processes. Ninth gonostylus (Fig. 28) slender, unguiform, nearly as long as ninth tergum, with tip slightly curved. Tenth tergum (Figs. 25–27) flattened, about twice as long as ninth tergum, twisted medially, bearing long hair–like setae medially; in lateral view strongly broadened medially with tip constricted and curve dorsad to form a distinct point. Tenth sternum (Fig. 29) arched; dorsomedial process nearly absent; lateral lobes long digitiform, straightly produced.
Female. Body length 19 mm (n=1); forewing length 31–35 mm (n=6), hindwing length 29–33 mm. Color similar to male.
Eighth sternum (Figs. 30–31) subtrapezoidal in lateral view, with posterior portion slightly rugose medially; in ventral view, posterior margin with small, medial incision. Ninth gonocoxite with distal portion subquadrate; posteroventral corner strongly curved anteriorly with a small gonostylus at tip. Tenth tergum short with posterior margin medially incised, leaving a short subtriangular dorsal and a semicircular ventral lobe.
Type materials. Holotype ɗ, Eastern Malaysia: Sarawak, Bau dist., Pangkalan Tebang, 300–450 m, 1°16N, 110°4E, 5/ 8.IX.1958, T. C. Maa (BPBM); Paratypes, Eastern Malaysia: 1 ɗ, 9.XI.1990 (meso– and meta thorax damaged) (HC); 1 Ψ, Sabah, Marak Parak, 6°19N, 116°43E, 25/ 26.V.1985, Schmidt, Schmidt & Starr (NMNH).
Other specimens examined. Eastern Malaysia: 1 Ψ, Sarawak, Kuching, Mt. Serapi, 1°33N, 110°25E, 4.X.1990 (meso– and meta thorax and abdomen damaged) (HC); 1 Ψ, Sarawak, Kuching, Mt. Serapi, 15.X.1990 (meso– and meta thorax and abdomen damaged) (HC); 1 Ψ, Sarawak, Kuching, Mt. Serapi, 22.X.1990 (meso– and meta thorax and abdomen damaged) (HC); 1 Ψ, Sarawak, Kuching, Mt. Serapi, 23.X.1990 (meso– and meta thorax and abdomen damaged) (HC); 1 Ψ, Sarawak, Kuching, Mt. Serapi, 5.XI.1990 (meso– and metathorax and abdomen damaged) (HC).
Distribution. Eastern Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak).
Etymology. The specific epithet ‘ tortuosus ’ refers to the twisted male tenth tergum of the new species.
Remarks. Although a series of specimens from HC were seriously damaged, the specific identity can be determined by the vertexal and prothoracic markings as well as the wing patterns. Fortunately, the genitalia from the HC male was intact and the same as that of the holotype. It was designated as a paratype. The vertexal markings are absent in the holotype, which might constitute individual variation. For the comparison to the related species, see the remarks of P. sabahensis.
description: Published as part of Liu, Xingyue, Hayashi, Fumio & Yang, Ding, 2008, Species of the Protohermes sabahensis group (Megaloptera: Corydalidae) from eastern Malaysia, pp. 49-60 in Zootaxa 1782 on pages 55-58, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.182366