cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fundamental physics with ESPRESSO: Constraints on Bekenstein and dark energy models from astrophysical and local probes
Creators: name: Martins, C. J. A. P.
name: Cristiani, S.
name: Cupani, G.
name: D'Odorico, V.
name: Santos, R. Génova
name: Leite, A. C. O.
name: Marques, C. M. J.
name: Milaković, D.
name: Molaro, P.
name: Murphy, Michael T.
name: Nunes, N. J.
name: Schmidt, Tobias M.
name: Adibekyan, V.
name: Alibert, Y.
name: Di Marcantonio, Paolo
name: Hernández, J. I. González
name: Mégevand, D.
name: Palle, E.
name: Pepe, F. A.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Sousa, S. G.
name: Sozzetti, A.
name: Mascareño, A. Suárez
name: Osorio, M. R. Zapatero
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamical scalar fields in an effective four-dimensional field theory are naturally expected to couple to the rest of the theory's degrees of freedom, unless some new symmetry is postulated to suppress these couplings. In particular, a coupling to the electromagnetic sector will lead to spacetime variations of the fine-structure constant, $α$. Astrophysical tests of the space-time stability of $α$ are therefore a powerful probe of new physics. Here we use ESPRESSO and other contemporary measurements of $α$, together with background cosmology data, local laboratory atomic clock and Weak Equivalence Principle measurements, to place stringent constraints on the simplest examples of the two broad classes of varying $α$ models: Bekenstein models and quintessence-type dark energy models, both of which are parametric extensions of the canonical $Λ$CDM model. In both cases, previously reported constraints are improved by more than a factor of ten. This improvement is largely due to the very strong local constraints, but astrophysical measurements can help to break degeneracies between cosmology and fundamental physics parameters.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; in press at Phys. Rev. D
Identifying critical vegetation types for biodiversity conservation in the Americas
Creators: name: Schulte, Lea
name: Quoss, Luise
name: Comer, Patrick J.
name: Lumbierres, Maria
name: Oceguera Conchas, Emmanuel
name: Pereira, Henrique M.
name: Valdez, Jose W.
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Caribbean
subject: Central America
subject: Habitat assessment
subject: Habitat mapping
subject: North America
subject: South America
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: The Americas contain highly biodiverse yet vulnerable ecosystems, with many threatened species inadequately protected. Finer-scale, localized habitat assessments are crucial for effective conservation planning, but continental-scale high-resolution vegetation maps remain limited. This study addresses this gap by identifying critical vegetation types across the Americas using the standardized framework of the International Vegetation Classification (IVC) system at the macrogroup level, representing the finest vegetation classification available across the region, as well as the highest-resolution Area of Habitat (AOH) maps currently available for birds and mammals. By combining these high-resolution IVC macrogroup maps with detailed AOH maps, we highlight at-risk vegetation types based on 1) threatened and macrogroup-associated species (species that have at least 50% of their AOH in one macrogroup), 2) current protection levels, and 3) projected threats from land use changes, and 4) develop a conservation value index (CVI) that accounts for all these factors. The results highlighted the remarkable diversity of high conservation value macrogroups across the Americas, emphasizing their significance in regions such as the Andes, montane Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, Brazil's Cerrado, and the Atlantic Forest. Among the highest-scoring macrogroups, the Northern Andean Montane & Upper Montane Humid Forest emerged as critically important, harboring a high number of threatened and macrogroup-associated species. Other macrogroups of immediate conservation concern include the Brazilian Atlantic Montane Humid Forest, Pacific Mesoamerican Seasonal Dry Forest, Caribbean Lowland Humid Forest, and Central Midwest Oak Forest, Woodland and Savanna. However, the study revealed that nearly three-quarters of the over 300 macrogroups in the Americas fall below the global target of 30% protection. Notably, a fifth of all species were macrogroup-associated species, including over 40% of threatened species. Our findings emphasize the need for targeted conservation strategies that consider finer-scale habitat classifications and paired with high-quality species distribution data to guide conservation strategies for biodiversity across the Americas.
MORe DWR: Space-time goal-oriented error control for incremental POD-based ROM for time-averaged goal functionals
Creators: name: Fischer, Hendrik
name: Roth, Julian
name: Wick, Thomas
name: Chamoin, Ludovic
name: Fau, Amelie
Publisher: name: Amsterdam : Elsevier
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Dual-weighted residual method
subject: Goal-oriented error control
subject: Incremental proper orthogonal decomposition
subject: Tensor-product space-time reduced-order modeling
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme

description: In this work, the dual-weighted residual (DWR) method is applied to obtain an error-controlled incremental proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) based reduced order model. A novel approach called MORe DWR (Model Order Reduction with Dual-Weighted Residual error estimates) is being introduced. It marries tensor-product space-time reduced-order modeling with time slabbing and an incremental POD basis generation with goal-oriented error control based on dual-weighted residual estimates. The error in the goal functional is being estimated during the simulation and the POD basis is being updated if the estimate exceeds a given threshold. This allows an adaptive enrichment of the POD basis in case of unforeseen changes in the solution behavior. Consequently, the offline phase can be skipped, the reduced-order model is being solved directly with the POD basis extracted from the solution on the first time slab and –if necessary– the POD basis is being enriched on-the-fly during the simulation with high-fidelity finite element solutions. Therefore, the full-order model solves can be reduced to a minimum, which is demonstrated on numerical tests for the heat equation and elastodynamics using time-averaged quantities of interest.
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3761.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 15.09.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1984 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Review of current best-practices in machinability evaluation and understanding for improving machining performance
Creators: name: Liao, Zhirong
name: Schoop, Julius M.
name: Saelzer, Jannis
name: Bergmann, Benjamin
name: Priarone, Paolo C.
name: Splettstößer, Antonia
name: Bedekar, Vikram M.
name: Zanger, Frederik
name: Kaynak, Yusuf
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chip formation
subject: Cutting force and temperature
subject: Machinability
subject: Surface integrity
subject: Tool wear
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Machinability is a generalized framework that attempts to quantify the response of a workpiece material to mechanical cutting, which has been developed as one of the key factors that drive the final selection of cutting parameters, tools, and coolant applications. Over the years, there are many attempts have been made to develop a standard evaluation method of machinability. However, due to the complexity of the influence factors, i.e., from work material and cutting tool to machine tool, that can affect the materials machinability, currently there is no uniquely defined quantification of machinability. As one of the outcomes from the CIRP's Collaborative Working Group on “Integrated Machining Performance for Assessment of Cutting Tools (IMPACT)”, this paper conducts an extensive study to learn interacting machinability parameters to evaluate the overall machining performance. Specifically, attention is focused on recent advances made towards the determination of the machinability through tool wear, cutting force and temperature, chip form and breakability, as well as the surface integrity. Furthermore, the advanced methods that have been developed over the years to enable the improvement of machinability have been reviewed.
Hadronic light-by-light scattering contributions to $(g-2)_μ$ from axial-vector and tensor mesons in the holographic soft-wall model
Creators: name: Colangelo, Pietro
name: Giannuzzi, Floriana
name: Nicotri, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the light axial-vector and tensor meson two-photon transition form factors in the soft-wall holographic model of QCD in the flavor-symmetric case. They are used to evaluate the axial-vector and tensor meson contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon via the hadronic light-by-light scattering process. As expected, these contributions are smaller than the one from pseudoscalar mesons. The result for axial-vector mesons is higher than the value found in other approaches.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, matches published version
Trust development in online competitive game environments: a network analysis approach
Creators: name: Fehlhaber, Anna Lena
name: EL-Awad, Usama
Publisher: name: [Cham] : Springer International Publishing
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Behavioural experiment
subject: MMSNA
subject: Online environment
subject: SNA
subject: Trust
subject: Trust measurement
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Trust seems to become established even in scenarios where the prerequisites for trust are complicated by conditions that evoke scepticism. Nonetheless, trust emerges, a phenomenon that is to be comprehended and examined in the present experimental inquiry. In order to comprehensively capture the process, a competitive online game environment was used to document the development of trust networks, directionality, and strength using network analysis. Despite the conditions conducive to distrust in this game setting, acts of trust were exhibited.Robust trust bonds persisting over the course of gameplay appear to manifest mostly dyadic or triadic, with participant embeddedness within the network and homophily in terms of general trustfulness towards strangers being conducive factors for trust bonding and game survivability. This study hence contributes to the overall understanding of online trust development and offers several further research opportunities in a mostly unexplored field.
Low Cost Carriers induce specific and identifiable delay propagation patterns: an analysis of the EU and US systems
Creators: name: Gil-Rodrigo, Sofia
name: Zanin, Massimiliano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The impact of air transport delays and their propagation has long been studied, mainly from environmental and mobility viewpoints, using a wide range of data analysis tools and simulations. Less attention has nevertheless been devoted to how delays create meso-scale structures around each airport. In this work we tackle this issue by reconstructing functional networks of delay propagation centred at each airport, and studying their identifiability (i.e. how unique they are) using Deep Learning models. We find that such delay propagation neighbourhoods are highly unique when they correspond to airports with a high share of Low Cost Carriers operations; and demonstrate the robustness of these findings for the EU and US systems, and to different methodological choices. We further discuss some operational implications of this uniqueness.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
title: International Day of Women and Girls in Science – Are We Neglecting the Female Viewpoint?
Creators: name: Link, Emma
name: Repke, Lydia
Publisher: name: GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/018afyw53
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: EVS
subject: Eurobarometer
subject: Science
subject: Gender
subject: Girls
subject: Women
subject: Stereotypes

description: On February 11, the United Nations celebrates the International Day of Women and Girls in Science. Last year, it was dedicated to all the female scientists who have been fighting at the frontline against the coronavirus. This topic is still highly relevant, as female scientists in all fields are affected by the new situation, as is shown, for example, in lower publication numbers due to increased care work. This widens the gender publication gap and may deprive girls of important role models.
description: Am 11. Februar feiern die Vereinten Nationen den Internationalen Tag der Frauen und Mädchen in der Wissenschaft. Im letzten Jahr war er allen Wissenschaftlerinnen gewidmet, die an vorderster Front gegen das Coronavirus gekämpft haben. Dieses Thema ist noch immer äußerst relevant, denn Wissenschaftlerinnen aller Fachrichtungen sind von der neuartigen Situation betroffen, was sich zum Beispiel in geringeren Publikationszahlen aufgrund von vermehrter Betreuungsarbeit zeigt. Dies vergrößert den Gender Publication Gap und kann dazu führen, dass Mädchen wichtige Vorbilder verloren gehen.
description: GESIS Blog
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3693.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 07.07.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1918 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
A supersymmetry journey from the Jaynes-Cummings to the anisotropic Rabi model
Creators: name: Kafuri, A.
name: Maldonado-Villamizar, F. H.
name: Moroz, A.
name: Rodríguez-Lara, B. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revisit the Jaynes-Cummings and anti-Jaynes-Cummings model through the lens of Lie theory, aiming to highlight the efficacy of an operator-based approach for diagonalization. We focus on explicitly delineating the steps from an underlying abstract supersymmetry, provided by the $u(1 \vert 1)$ superalgebra, into concrete proper states and energies in the laboratory frame. Additionally, we explore the anisotropic Rabi model possessing an underlying supersymmetry, provided by the $osp(2 \vert 2)$ superalgebra, in a squeezed reference frame, where it is possible to approximate its spectral characteristics by an effective Jaynes--Cummings model. Finally, we identify a regime for a factorizable anisotropic Rabi model, exhibiting an equally spaced, double degenerate energy spectrum with a unique ground state energy. Our work aims to merge mathematical physics with practical quantum optics, underscoring the critical role of Lie theory.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures
title: Geflüchtete aus der Ukraine – Erste deskriptive Ergebnisse einer Onlinebefragung in Deutschland und Polen
Creators: name: Pötzschke, Steffen
name: Weiß, Bernd
name: Hebel, Anna
name: Piepenburg, Joachim G.
name: Popek, Oleksandra
Publisher: name: GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/018afyw53
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social Media
subject: Germany
subject: Facebook
subject: Migration
subject: Refugees
subject: Survey Data
subject: Ukraine
subject: War
subject: Instagram
subject: Poland

description: Against the backdrop of the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent displacement of millions of its citizens, GESIS conducted a web survey of Ukrainian refugees in Germany and Poland in the second half of April 2022. Respondents were recruited through advertisements on Facebook and Instagram.
description: Vor dem Hintergrund der russischen Invasion der Ukraine und der durch sie verursachten Fluchtbewegung hat GESIS in der zweiten Aprilhälfte 2022 eine Web-Befragung ukrainischer Flüchtlinge in Deutschland und Polen durchgeführt. Die Rekrutierung der Befragten erfolgte durch Werbeanzeigen auf Facebook und Instagram.
description: GESIS Blog
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 103.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 06.05.1968, erstellt von Sergio Cortesi, Sonnenobservatorium Specola Solare Ticinese in Locarno
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1968

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt als Projektionsbildzeichnung für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Zeiss-Coudé-Refraktor mit 15 cm Öffnung und 225 cm Brennweite.
Die Beobachtungen zu Einzelflecken und zu Sonnenfleckengruppen wurden auf dem Vordruck eingetragen. Zusätzlich sind zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert
Emergence of cosmic space and its connection with thermodynamic principles
Creators: name: Krishna, P. B.
name: T., Hassan Basari V.
name: Mathew, Titus K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent research on the connection between gravity and thermodynamics suggests that gravity could be an emergent phenomenon. Following this, Padmanabhan proposed a novel idea that the expansion of the universe can be interpreted as equivalent to the emergence of space with the progress of cosmic time. In this approach, the expansion of the universe is described by what is known as the law of emergence, which states that the expansion of the universe is driven by the difference between the number of bulk and surface degrees of freedom in a region bounded by the Hubble radius. This principle correctly reproduces the standard evolution of a Friedmann universe. We establish the connection of the law of emergence, which is conceptually different from the conventional paradigm to describe cosmology, with other well-established results in thermodynamics. It has been shown that the law of emergence can be derived from the unified first law of thermodynamics, which can then be considered as the backbone of the law. However, the law of emergence is rich in structure than implied by the First law thermodynamics alone. It further explains the evolution of the universe towards a state of maximum horizon entropy. Following this, it can be considered that the first law of thermodynamics, along with the additional constraints imposed by the maximisation of the horizon entropy, can together lead to the law of emergence. In the present article, we first make a brief review of Padmanabhan's proposal and then studies its connection with the thermodynamics of the horizon in the context of Einstein's, Gauss-Bonnet, and more general Lovelock gravity theories.
description: 32 pages - review article
An extensive catalytic potential of sustainable TiO2-based materials fabricated via flame spray pyrolysis: A comprehensive review
Creators: name: Ismael, Mohammed
name: Sharma, Anuradha
name: Kumar, Naveen
Publisher: name: Amsterdam [u.a.] : Elsevier
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Electrocatalysis
subject: Flame spray pyrolysis
subject: Organic transformation
subject: Photocatalysis
subject: Thermocatalysis
subject: TiO catalyst 2
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: TiO2-based materials have been extensively studied and explored in the field of catalysis. However, pristine TiO2 exhibits a wide energy band gap and fast charge recombination, restricting their large-scale applications. Their performance can be influenced by synthesis methods, doping, and by making composite. Among them, modifying the synthesis techniques, as well as the variables and settings that result in the preparation of highly active materials, is the most crucial stage in having these materials with superior catalytic activity. In contrast to the conventional synthesis approaches, flame spray pyrolysis (FSP), is found particularly simple, efficient, highly scalable, and appropriate for online continuous production and can be considered a promising approach for the fabrication of TiO2-based nanomaterials having controllable morphologies and composition. This review summarizes for the first time the recent advancements in TiO2-based materials synthesized via the FSP and their wide-ranging potential catalytic applications including photocatalysis, thermocatalysis, catalysis, and organic transformation. After a brief introduction to the conventional synthesis methods, the fundamentals of the FSP method, equipment, and components were highlighted. Finally, we critically analyze the potential advantages and challenges associated with flame spray pyrolysis, considered as a synthesis method for nanostructured materials. We carefully consider the prospects and limitations of FSP and emphasize key areas for future research and advanced developments in this field.
Prominence eruption observed in He II 304 Å up to $>6 R_\sun$ by EUI/FSI aboard Solar Orbiter
Creators: name: Mierla, M.
name: Zhukov, A. N.
name: Berghmans, D.
name: Parenti, S.
name: Auchere, F.
name: Heinzel, P.
name: Seaton, D. B.
name: Palmerio, E.
name: Jejcic, S.
name: Janssens, J.
name: Kraaikamp, E.
name: Nicula, B.
name: Long, D. M.
name: Hayes, L. A.
name: Jebaraj, I. C.
name: Talpeanu, D. -C.
name: D'Huys, E.
name: Dolla, L.
name: Gissot, S.
name: Magdalenic, J.
name: Rodriguez, L.
name: Shestov, S.
name: Stegen, K.
name: Verbeeck, C.
name: Sasso, C.
name: Romoli, M.
name: Andretta, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report observations of a unique, large prominence eruption that was observed in the He II 304 Å passband of the the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager/Full Sun Imager telescope aboard Solar Orbiter on 15-16 February 2022. Observations from several vantage points (Solar Orbiter, the Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, and Earth-orbiting satellites) were used to measure the kinematics of the erupting prominence and the associated coronal mass ejection. Three-dimensional reconstruction was used to calculate the deprojected positions and speeds of different parts of the prominence. Observations in several passbands allowed us to analyse the radiative properties of the erupting prominence. The leading parts of the erupting prominence and the leading edge of the corresponding coronal mass ejection propagate at speeds of around 1700 km/s and 2200 km/s, respectively, while the trailing parts of the prominence are significantly slower (around 500 km/s). Parts of the prominence are tracked up to heights of over $6 R_\sun$. The He II emission is probably produced via collisional excitation rather than scattering. Surprisingly, the brightness of a trailing feature increases with height. The reported prominence is the first observed in He II 304 Å emission at such a great height (above 6 $R_\sun$).
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3694.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 08.07.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1919 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
title: International Day of Democracy – About the Might of Majority
Creators: name: Link, Emma
name: Repke, Lydia
Publisher: name: GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/018afyw53
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Germany
subject: ALLBUS
subject: Politbarometer
subject: Voting
subject: Democracy
subject: EVS

description: The governing form known as democracy translates literally as ‘the rule of the people.’ It has existed in its earliest form for over 2500 years. In Western countries, it is now generally uncontroversial that democracy is the most advanced and best form of government – this is traditionally celebrated on September 15.
description: Die Regierungsform Demokratie bedeutet wörtlich übersetzt ‚Herrschaft des Volkes‘. Sie besteht in ihrer frühesten Form seit über 2500 Jahren. In den westlichen Ländern ist es mittlerweile größtenteils unumstritten, dass es sich bei der Demokratie um die fortschrittlichste und beste Regierungsform handelt – dies wird traditionell am 15. September gefeiert.
description: GESIS Blog
A torsion balance as a weak-force testbed for novel optical inertial sensors
Creators: name: Bergmann, Gerald
name: Cordes, Carolin
name: Gentemann, Christoph
name: Händchen, Vitus
name: Qinglan, Wang
name: Yan, Hao
name: Danzmann, Karsten
name: Heinzel, Gerhard
name: Mehmet, Moritz
Publisher: name: Bristol : IOP Publ.
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: capacitive readout
subject: inertial sensing
subject: optical lever
subject: seismic sensing
subject: torsion balance
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: Torsion balances (TBs) are versatile instruments known for their ability to measure tiny forces and accelerations with high precision. We are currently commissioning a new TB facility to support the development and testing of novel optical inertial sensor units for future gravity-related space missions. Here, we report on the status of our apparatus and present first sensitivity curves that demonstrate acceleration and torque sensitivities of 5 ⋅ 10 − 11 m s − 2 and 1 ⋅ 10 − 12 N m H z − 1 at frequencies around 4 m H z , respectively. Capacitive sensors and optical levers measure the dynamics of the system with a displacement sensitivity of down to 9 ⋅ 10 − 10 m H z − 1 for the former and 2 ⋅ 10 − 11 m H z − 1 for the latter. Combining the readout of the suspended inertial member (IM) with environmental sensor signals, the system is characterized, and limiting noise sources are identified. We find that, in particular, the coupling of ambient seismic motion is limiting over a broad frequency range and show that due to its high susceptibility to ground motion, our TB is also a promising platform for exploring ground motion sensing in multiple degrees of freedom. Future upgrades will focus on mitigating seismic noise by controlling the torsion fiber suspension point using piezoelectric actuators and the integration of precision interferometric readout of the IM. These improvements will further increase the sensitivity towards the thermal noise limit which constrains the performance to 1 ⋅ 10 − 13 m s − 2 H z − 1 at 4 m H z .
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3644.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 15.05.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1871 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Zusätzlich wurden ergänzende Angaben aufgrund weiterer Beobachtungen direkt auf der Fleckenzeichnung hinzugefügt. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
title: "Der Worte sind genug gewechselt, lasst uns endlich Daten sehen." - Datenmanagement mit der neuen Projektwebseite DDP-Bildung
Creators: name: Eckert, Simon
name: Netscher, Sebastian
Publisher: name: GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/018afyw53
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: FAIR Data Principels
subject: Domain-Data-Protocols
subject: Data Sharing
subject: Research Data Management
subject: Data Management Plans

description: The aphorism quoted in the title by the Swiss political scientist and health economist Dr Gerhard Kocher alludes to making research data available, which has become an indispensable part of research work. Making data available for subsequent use by third parties in turn requires adequate data management, for example with regard to the comprehensibility of the data or with regard to the legal requirements. To support researchers in empirical educational research, the collaborative project Domain Data Protocols for Empirical Educational Research has been developing so-called Domain Data Protocols since June 2019. These are customised, discipline-specific sample protocols that guide researchers in their data management. A central aspect in the development of these protocols is the involvement of various stakeholders in the research community. In order to improve contact with our experts and to keep the interested (international) research community continuously informed about the work and progress of the project, a project website is now being published: www.ddp-bildung.org.
description: Der im Titel zitierte Aphorismus des Schweizer Politologen und Gesundheitsökonoms Dr. Gerhard Kocher spielt auf das Verfügbarmachen von Forschungsdaten an, das inzwischen in der Forschungsarbeit nicht mehr wegzudenken ist. Das Verfügbarmachen von Daten zur Nachnutzung durch Dritte setzt wiederum ein adäquates Datenmanagement voraus, etwa im Hinblick auf die Verständlichkeit der Daten oder in Bezug auf die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen. Zur Unterstützung für Forschende der empirischen Bildungsforschung entwickelt das Verbundprojekt Domain-Data-Protokolle für die empirische Bildungsforschung seit Juni 2019 sogenannte Domain-Data-Protokolle. Dabei handelt es sich um maßgeschneiderte, disziplin-spezifische Musterprotokolle, die Forschende in ihrem Datenmanagement anleitend unterstützen. Ein zentraler Aspekt in der Entwicklung dieser Musterprotokolle ist die Einbeziehung unterschiedlichster Stakeholder der Forschungsgemeinschaft. Um den Kontakt mit unseren Experten*innen zu verbessern und um die interessierte (internationale) Forschungsgemeinschaft kontinuierlich über die Arbeiten und Fortschritte im Projekt zu informieren, wird jetzt eine projekteigene Webseite veröffentlicht: www.ddp-bildung.org.
description: GESIS Blog
Impact of the cosmic background radiation on the initial mass function of metal-poor stars
Creators: name: Chon, Sunmyon
name: Ono, Haruka
name: Omukai, Kazuyuki
name: Schneider, Raffaella
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study star cluster formation at low metallicities of $Z/Z_\odot=10^{-4}$--$10^{-1}$ using three-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations. Particular emphasis is put on how the stellar mass distribution is affected by the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), which sets the temperature floor to the gas. Starting from the collapse of a turbulent cloud, we follow the formation of a protostellar system resolving $\sim$au scale. In relatively metal-enriched cases of $Z/Z_\odot \gtrsim 10^{-2}$, where the mass function resembles the present-day one in the absence of the CMB, high temperature CMB suppresses cloud fragmentation and reduces the number of low-mass stars, making the mass function more top-heavy than in the cases without CMB heating at $z\gtrsim10$. In lower-metallicity cases with $Z/Z_\odot \lesssim 10^{-3}$, where the gas temperature is higher than the CMB value due to inefficient cooling, the CMB has only a minor impact on the mass distribution, which is top-heavy regardless of the redshift. In cases either with a low metallicity of $Z/Z_\odot \lesssim 10^{-2}$ or at a high redshift $z\gtrsim10$, the mass spectrum consists of a low-mass Salpeter-like component, peaking at $0.1~M_\odot$, and a top-heavy component with $10$--$50~M_\odot$, with the fraction in the latter increasing with increasing redshift. In galaxies forming at $z\gtrsim10$, the major targets of the future instruments including JWST, CMB heating makes the stellar mass function significantly top-heavy, enhancing the number of supernova explosions by a factor of $1.4$ ($2.8$) at $z=10$ ($20$, respectively) compared to the prediction by Chabrier initial mass function when $Z/Z_\odot=0.1$.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures, MNRAS submitted
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3733.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 17.08.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1956 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Unexpected solar-cycle variation of acoustic mode power in Sun-as-a-star observations
Creators: name: Howe, Rachel
name: Chaplin, W. J.
name: Elsworth, Y. P.
name: Hale, S. J.
name: Nielsen, M. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the solar-cycle variation of the power in the low-degree helioseismic modes by looking at binned power spectra from 45 years of observations with the Birmingham Solar Oscillations Network, which provides a more robust estimate of the mode power than that obtained by peak fitting. The solar-cycle variation of acoustic mode power in the five-minute band is clearly seen. Unusually, even though Cycle 24 was substantially weaker in terms of surface magnetic activity than Cycle 23, the reduction in mode power at solar maximum is very similar for the two cycles, suggesting that the relationship between mode power and magnetic activity is more complex than has previously been thought. This is in contrast to the mode frequencies, which show a strong correlation with activity with only subtle differences between in the response across different solar cycles.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, accepted by MNRAS 27-5-22
title: Swiss cheese and MICE: Harmonizing instruments with multiple imputation
Creators: name: Singh, Ranjit K.
Publisher: name: GESIS - Leibniz Institute for the Social Sciences
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/018afyw53
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Ex-Post Harmonization Adventures
subject: Comparability
subject: Survey Methodology
subject: FAIR Data Principles
subject: Open Data

description: This time, we apply multiple imputation to harmonize data for the same construct measured different instruments. We will treat data as swiss cheese and then unleash mice, sorry MICE, on it. The approach will pose some hurdles regarding the required data and the analysis complexity. However, if those hurdles are met, it can be a flexible and powerful tool for ex-post harmonization.
description: Dieses Mal wenden wir "Multiple Imputation" an, um Daten zu harmonisieren die das gleiche Konstrukt abbilden, aber mit unterschiedlichen Instrumenten gemessen wurden. Dabei stellen wir uns Daten als löchrigen Schweizer Käse vor und lassen Mäuse, Verzeihung MICE, drauf los. Der Ansatz hat gewisse Hürden bezüglich der benötigten Daten und der Auswertungskomplexität. Werden diese Hürden überwunden, so haben wir ein weiteres mächtiges Werkzeug für die ex-post Harmonisierung gewonnen.
description: GESIS Blog
Sonnenfleckenzeichnung Nr. 3704.
Zeichnung von Flecken und Fackelflächen zur Ermittlung der Sonnenaktivität am 18.07.1951, erstellt als Beobachtung im Projektionsverfahren Nr. 1928 von Karl Rapp in Locarno-Monti
Creators: name: [s.n.]
Publisher: name: [s.n.]
Year: 1951

description: Bleistiftzeichnung mit Tinte und Farbstift, erstellt für die Beobachtungen in Locarno-Monti auf dem Vordruck der Eidgenössischen Sternwarte Zürich. Instrument: Merz-Refraktor mit 13.5 cm Öffnung und 195 cm Brennweite, vereinzelt andere Instrumente wie Tel. 88x; Sonnenbild D = 25 cm. - Auf der Zeichnung wird zum Teil das Instrument vermerkt bzw. die Zählung der Beobachtungen im Projektionsverfahren fortgesetzt. Sporadisch sind Resultate mehrerer Aufnahmen pro Tag aufgelistet. Zuhanden der späteren statistischen Verarbeitung sind die Angaben für die Bestimmung der Fleckenrelativzahl notiert.
Zeichnung aus der Zeit der Beobachtertätigkeit von Ing. Karl Rapp als Privat-Astronom, die er seit den Neunzehnvierziger Jahren für die Eidgenössische Sternwarte Zürich ausführte. Aus den ersten zwei Jahren der freiwilligen Mitarbeit sind nur einzelne Stücke überliefert. Erst zwei Jahre später ist jeweils eine ergänzende Serie in Zürich aufbewahrt worden. Nochmals fünf Jahre später arbeitete Karl Rapp neu auf vertraglicher Basis weiter mit, bis schliesslich nach einem weiteren Jahrzehnt die permanente Beobachtungsstation in Locarno-Monti geschaffen wurde, welche an die langjährige Serie von Karl Rapp anknüpfte
Ink-structing the future of vascular tissue engineering: a review of the physiological bioink design
Creators: name: Synofzik, Judith
name: Heene, Sebastian
name: Jonczyk, Rebecca
name: Blume, Cornelia
Publisher: name: Singapore : Springer Singapore
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Bioink
subject: Cell–matrix interaction
subject: Extracellular matrix
subject: Microenvironment
subject: Printability
subject: Vascular cells
subject: Vascular wall histology
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Three-dimensional (3D) printing and bioprinting have come into view for a plannable and standardizable generation of implantable tissue-engineered constructs that can substitute native tissues and organs. These tissue-engineered structures are intended to integrate with the patient’s body. Vascular tissue engineering (TE) is relevant in TE because it supports the sustained oxygenization and nutrition of all tissue-engineered constructs. Bioinks have a specific role, representing the necessary medium for printability and vascular cell growth. This review aims to understand the requirements for the design of vascular bioinks. First, an in-depth analysis of vascular cell interaction with their native environment must be gained. A physiological bioink suitable for a tissue-engineered vascular graft (TEVG) must not only ensure good printability but also induce cells to behave like in a native vascular vessel, including self-regenerative and growth functions. This review describes the general structure of vascular walls with wall-specific cell and extracellular matrix (ECM) components and biomechanical properties and functions. Furthermore, the physiological role of vascular ECM components for their interaction with vascular cells and the mode of interaction is introduced. Diverse currently available or imaginable bioinks are described from physiological matrix proteins to nonphysiologically occurring but natural chemical compounds useful for vascular bioprinting. The physiological performance of these bioinks is evaluated with regard to biomechanical properties postprinting, with a view to current animal studies of 3D printed vascular structures. Finally, the main challenges for further bioink development, suitable bioink components to create a self-assembly bioink concept, and future bioprinting strategies are outlined. These concepts are discussed in terms of their suitability to be part of a TEVG with a high potential for later clinical use.
Mass evaluation for red giant stars based on the spectroscopically determined atmospheric parameters
Creators: name: Takeda, Yoichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mass (M) of a star can be evaluated from its spectroscopically determined effective temperature (T _eff) and metallicity ([Fe/H]) along with the luminosity (L; derived from parallax), while comparing them with grids of theoretical evolutionary tracks. It has been argued, however, that such a track-based mass (M_trk) may tend to be overestimated for the case of red giants. Meanwhile, there is an alternative approach of evaluating mass (M_gLT) directly from surface gravity (g), L, and T_eff. The practical reliability of M_gLT was examined for ~100 benchmark giants in the Kepler field, for which atmospheric parameters are already determined and the reliable mass (M_seis) along with the evolutionary status are known from asteroseismology. In addition, similar check was also made for the accuracy of M_trk for comparison. It turned out that, while a reasonable correlation is seen between M_gLT and M_seis almost irrespective of the stellar property, its precision is rather insufficient because log(M_gLT/M_seis) distributes rather widely within ~+/-0.2--0.3dex. In contrast, the reliability of M_trk was found to depend on the evolutionary status. Although M_trk and M_seis are satisfactorily consistent with each other (typical dispersion of log(M_trk}/M_seis) is within ~+/-0.1dex) for H-burning red giants as well as He-burning 2nd clump giants of higher mass, M_trk tends to be considerably overestimated as compared to M_seis by up to ~<0.4~dex for He-burning 1st clump giants of lower mass. Accordingly, M_gLT and M_trk are complementary with each other in terms of their characteristic merit and demerit.
description: 20 pages with 8 figures and 1 table (+ electronic data tables), Accepted for publication in Astrophysics and Space Science