cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Evaluation of 5-Hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin) Neuronal Release and Uptake: An Investigation of Extrasynaptic Transmission
Creators: name: Wightman, R. Mark
name: Bunin, Melissa A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Whether neurotransmitters are restricted to the synaptic cleft (participating only in hard-wired neurotransmission) or diffuse to remote receptor sites (participating in what has been termed volume or paracrine transmission) depends on a number of factors. These include (1) the location of release sites with respect to the receptors, (2) the number of molecules released, (3) the diffusional rate away from the release site, determined by both the geometry near the release site as well as binding interactions, and (4) the removal of transmitter by the relevant transporter. Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry allows for the detection of extrasynaptic concentrations of many biogenic amines, permitting direct access to many of these parameters. In this study the hypothesis that 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) transmission is primarily extrasynaptic in the substantia nigra reticulata, a terminal region with identified synaptic contacts, and the dorsal raphe nucleus, a somatodendritic region with rare synaptic incidence, was tested in brain slices prepared from the rat. Using carbon fiber microelectrodes, we found the concentration of 5-HT released per stimulus pulse in both regions to be identical when elicited by single pulse stimulations or trains at high frequency. 5-HT efflux elicited by a single stimulus pulse was unaffected by uptake inhibition or receptor antagonism. Thus, synaptic efflux is not restricted by binding to intrasynaptic receptors or transporters. The number of 5-HT molecules released per terminal was estimated in the substantia nigra reticulata and was considerably less than the number of 5-HT transporter and receptor sites, reinforcing the hypothesis that these sites are extrasynaptic. Furthermore, the detected extrasynaptic concentrations closely match the affinity for the predominant 5-HT receptor in each region. Although they do not disprove the existence of classical synaptic transmission, our results support the existence of paracrine neurotransmission in both serotonergic regions.
Extremal unimodular lattices in dimension 36
Creators: name: Harada, Masaaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 94B, 11H

description: In this paper, new extremal odd unimodular lattices in dimension $36$ are constructed. Some new odd unimodular lattices in dimension $36$ with long shadows are also constructed.
description: 15 pages
Removal of Cholinergic Input to Rat Posterior Parietal Cortex Disrupts Incremental Processing of Conditioned Stimuli
Creators: name: Bucci, David J.
name: Gallagher, Michela
name: Holland, Peter C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: Recent research suggests that the basal forebrain cholinergic neurons innervating the cortex play a role in attentional functions in both primates and rodents. Among the cortical targets of these projections in primates is the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), a region shown to be critically involved in the regulation of attention. Recent anatomical studies have defined a cortical region in the rat that may be homologous to the PPC of primates. In the present study, cholinergic innervation of the PPC was depleted by intracortical infusion of the immunotoxin 192 IgG-saporin. Control and lesioned rats were then tested in two associative learning paradigms designed to increase attentional processing of conditioned stimuli (CSs). In one experiment, attention was manipulated by shifting a predictive relation between a light CS and another CS to a less predictive relation. Unlike control rats, lesioned rats failed to increase attention when the predictive relation was modified. In a second experiment, attentional processing of a tone CS was increased when its introduction during training coincided with a change in the value of the unconditioned stimulus, a phenomenon referred to as unblocking. Unlike control rats, lesioned rats failed to exhibit unblocking. In both paradigms, lesioned rats conditioned normally when the training procedures did not encourage increased attentional processing. These findings, across different behavioral paradigms and stimulus modalities, provide converging evidence that intact cholinergic innervation of the PPC is important for changes in attention that can increase the processing of certain cues.
(1369) John Thompson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
CMSSM With Generalized Yukawa Quasi-Unification: An Update
Creators: name: Karagiannakis, N.
name: Lazarides, G.
name: Pallis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the parametric space of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) with mu>0 supplemented by a generalized asymptotic Yukawa coupling quasi-unification condition which yields acceptable masses for the fermions of the third family. We impose constraints from the cold dark matter abundance in the universe and its direct detection experiments, the B-physics, as well as the masses of the sparticles and the lightest neutral CP-even Higgs boson, m_h. We identify two distinct allowed regions with M_{1/2}>m_0 and m_0>>M_{1/2} classified in the hyperbolic branch of the radiative electroweak symmetry breaking. In the first region we obtain, approximately, 44<=tan beta<=52, -3<=A_0/M_{1/2}<=0.1, 122<=m_h/GeV<=127, and mass of the lightest sparticle in the range (0.75-1.43) TeV. Such heavy lightest sparticle masses can become consistent with the cold dark matter requirement on the lightest sparticle relic density thanks to neutralino-stau coannihilations. In the latter region, fixing m_h to its central value from the LHC, we find a wider allowed parameter space with milder electroweak-symmetry-breaking fine-tuning, 40<=tanbeta<=50, -11<=A_0/M_{1/2}<=15 and mass of the lightest sparticle in the range (0.09-1.1) TeV. This sparticle is possibly detectable by the present cold dark matter direct search experiments.
description: Final version with updated references. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1503.06186
The Stellar Kinematics of Extragalactic Bulges
Creators: name: Falcón-Barroso, Jesús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galactic bulges are complex systems. Once thought to be small-scale versions of elliptical galaxies, advances in astronomical instrumentation (spectroscopy in particular) has revealed a wealth of photometric and kinematic substructure in otherwise simple-looking components. This review provides an overview of how our perspective on galactic bulges has changed over the years. While it is mainly focused on aspects related to the dynamical state of their stars, there will be natural connections to other properties (e.g. morphology, stellar populations) discussed in other reviews in this volume.
description: Invited Review to appear in "Galactic Bulges" Editors: Laurikainen E., Peletier R., Gadotti D. Springer Publishing. 25 pages, 9 figures
(1366) Florence Hannah H Morley
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Electronic Supplementary Material from The third plague pandemic in Europe
Creators: name: Bramanti, Barbara
name: Dean, Katharine R.
name: Walløe, Lars
name: Stenseth, Nils Chr.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Summarized narratives on plague accounts in Europe 1896-1946.
Theoretical model of the dynamic spin polarization of nuclei coupled to paramagnetic point defects in diamond and silicon carbide
Creators: name: Ivády, Viktor
name: Szász, Krisztián
name: Falk, Abram L.
name: Klimov, Paul V.
name: Christle, David J.
name: Janzén, Erik
name: Abrikosov, Igor A.
name: Awschalom, David D.
name: Gali, Adam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dynamic nuclear spin polarization (DNP) mediated by paramagnetic point defects in semiconductors is a key resource for both initializing nuclear quantum memories and producing nuclear hyperpolarization. DNP is therefore an important process in the field of quantum-information processing, sensitivity-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance, and nuclear-spin-based spintronics. DNP based on optical pumping of point defects has been demonstrated by using the electron spin of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond, and more recently, by using divacancy and related defect spins in hexagonal silicon carbide (SiC). Here, we describe a general model for these optical DNP processes that allows the effects of many microscopic processes to be integrated. Applying this theory, we gain a deeper insight into dynamic nuclear spin polarization and the physics of diamond and SiC defects. Our results are in good agreement with experimental observations and provide a detailed and unified understanding. In particular, our findings show that the defects' electron spin coherence times and excited state lifetimes are crucial factors in the entire DNP process.
Rate Control Management of Atrial Fibrillation: May a Mathematical Model Suggest an Ideal Heart Rate?
Creators: name: Anselmino, Matteo
name: Scarsoglio, Stefania
name: Camporeale, Carlo
name: Saglietto, Andrea
name: Gaita, Fiorenzo
name: Ridolfi, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Background. Despite the routine prescription of rate control therapy for atrial fibrillation (AF), clinical evidence demonstrating a heart rate target is lacking. Aim of the present study was to run a mathematical model simulating AF episodes with a different heart rate (HR) to predict hemodynamic parameters for each situation. Methods. The lumped model, representing the pumping heart together with systemic and pulmonary circuits, was run to simulate AF with HR of 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 bpm, respectively. Results. Left ventricular pressure increased by 56.7%, from 33.92+-37.56 mmHg to 53.15+-47.56 mmHg, and mean systemic arterial pressure increased by 27.4%, from 82.66+-14.04 mmHg to 105.29+-7.63 mmHg, at the 50 and 130 bpm simulations, respectively. Stroke volume (from 77.45+-8.5 to 39.09+-8.08 mL), ejection fraction (from 61.1+-4.4 to 39.32+-5.42%) and stroke work (SW, from 0.88+-0.04 to 0.58+-0.09 J) decreased by 49.5, 35.6 and 34.2%, at the 50 and 130 bpm simulations, respectively. In addition, oxygen consumption indexes (rate pressure product, RPP, tension time index per minute, TTI/min, and pressure volume area per minute, PVA/min) increased from the 50 to the 130 bpm simulation, respectively, by 185.7% (from 5598+-1939 to 15995+-3219 mmHg/min), 55.5% (from 2094+-265 to 3257+-301 mmHg s/min) and 102.4% (from 57.99+-17.9 to 117.37+-25.96 J/min). In fact, left ventricular efficiency (SW/PVA) decreased from 80.91+-2.91% at 50 bpm to 66.43+-3.72% at the 130 bpm HR simulation. Conclusion. Awaiting compulsory direct clinical evidences, the present mathematical model suggests that lower HRs during permanent AF relates to improved hemodynamic parameters, cardiac efficiency, and lower oxygen consumption.
description: 9 pages
Emergence of a collective crystal in a classical system with long-range interactions
Creators: name: Turchi, Alessio
name: Fanelli, Duccio
name: Leoncini, Xavier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A one-dimensional long-range model of classical rotators with an extended degree of complexity, as compared to paradigmatic long-range systems, is introduced and studied. Working at constant density, in the thermodynamic limit one can prove the statistical equivalence with the Hamiltonian Mean Field model (HMF) and $α$-HMF: a second order phase transition is indeed observed at the critical energy threshold $\varepsilon_c=0.75$. Conversely, when the thermodynamic limit is performed at infinite density (while keeping the length of the hosting interval $L$ constant), the critical energy $\varepsilon_c$ is modulated as a function of $L$. At low energy, a self-organized collective crystal phase is reported to emerge, which converges to a perfect crystal in the limit $ε\rightarrow 0$. To analyze the phenomenon, the equilibrium one particle density function is analytically computed by maximizing the entropy. The transition and the associated critical energy between the gaseous and the crystal phase is computed. Molecular dynamics show that the crystal phase is apparently split into two distinct regimes, depending on the the energy per particle $\varepsilon$. For small $\varepsilon$, particles are exactly located on the lattice sites; above an energy threshold $\varepsilon{*}$, particles can travel from one site to another. However, $\varepsilon{*}$ does not signal a phase transition but reflects the finite time of observation: the perfect crystal observed for $\varepsilon >0$ corresponds to a long lasting dynamical transient, whose life time increases when the $\varepsilon >0$ approaches zero.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
The Cytoplasmic Domain of the Large Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein Isoform Is Needed for Proper CNS But Not Peripheral Nervous System Myelination
Creators: name: Maeda, Nobuyo
name: Popko, Brian
name: Fujita, Nobuya
name: Suzuki, Kinuko
name: Nakayasu, Hiroyuki
name: Dupree, Jeffrey
name: Kemper, April
name: Schachner, Melitta
name: Suzuki, Kunihiko
name: Bartsch, Udo
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) is a member of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily and is thought to play a critical role in the interaction of myelinating glial cells with the axon. Myelin from mutant mice incapable of expressing MAG displays various subtle abnormalities in the CNS and degenerates with age in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Two distinct isoforms, large MAG (L-MAG) and small MAG (S-MAG), are produced through the alternative splicing of the primary MAG transcript. The cytoplasmic domain of L-MAG contains a unique phosphorylation site and has been shown to associate with the fyn tyrosine kinase. Moreover, L-MAG is expressed abundantly early in the myelination process, possibly indicating an important role in the initial stages of myelination. We have adapted the gene-targeting approach in embryonic stem cells to generate mutant mice that express a truncated form of the L-MAG isoform, eliminating the unique portion of its cytoplasmic domain, but that continue to express S-MAG. Similar to the total MAG knockouts, these animals do not express an overt clinical phenotype. CNS myelin of the L-MAG mutant mice displays most of the pathological abnormalities reported for the total MAG knockouts. In contrast to the null MAG mutants, however, PNS axons and myelin of older L-MAG mutant animals do not degenerate, indicating that S-MAG is sufficient to maintain PNS integrity. These observations demonstrate a differential role of the L-MAG isoform in CNS and PNS myelin.
Seeking Quantum Speedup Through Spin Glasses: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly
Creators: name: Katzgraber, Helmut G.
name: Hamze, Firas
name: Zhu, Zheng
name: Ochoa, Andrew J.
name: Munoz-Bauza, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been considerable progress in the design and construction of quantum annealing devices. However, a conclusive detection of quantum speedup over traditional silicon-based machines remains elusive, despite multiple careful studies. In this work we outline strategies to design hard tunable benchmark instances based on insights from the study of spin glasses - the archetypal random benchmark problem for novel algorithms and optimization devices. We propose to complement head-to-head scaling studies that compare quantum annealing machines to state-of-the-art classical codes with an approach that compares the performance of different algorithms and/or computing architectures on different classes of computationally hard tunable spin-glass instances. The advantage of such an approach lies in having to only compare the performance hit felt by a given algorithm and/or architecture when the instance complexity is increased. Furthermore, we propose a methodology that might not directly translate into the detection of quantum speedup, but might elucidate whether quantum annealing has a "`quantum advantage" over corresponding classical algorithms like simulated annealing. Our results on a 496 qubit D-Wave Two quantum annealing device are compared to recently-used state-of-the-art thermal simulated annealing codes.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, way too many references
Supplementary Methods, figures and Tables from Why has transparency evolved in aposematic butterflies? Insights from the largest radiation of aposematic butterflies, the Ithomiini.
Creators: name: M. McClure
name: C. Clerc
name: C. Desbois
name: A. Meichanetzoglou
name: M. Cau
name: L. Bastin-Héline
name: J. Bacigalupo
name: C. Houssin
name: C. Pinna
name: B. Nay
name: V. Llaurens
name: S. Berthier
name: C. Andraud
name: D. Gomez
name: M. Elias
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Defended species are often conspicuous and this is thought to be an honest signal of defences, i.e. more toxic prey are more conspicuous. Neotropical butterflies of the large Ithomiini tribe numerically dominate communities of chemically defended butterflies and may thus drive the evolution of mimetic warning patterns. Although many species are brightly coloured, most are transparent to some degree. The evolution of transparency from a warning-coloured ancestor is puzzling as it is generally assumed to be involved in concealment. Here, we show that transparent Ithomiini species are indeed less detectable by avian predators (i.e. concealment). Surprisingly, transparent species are not any less unpalatable, and may in fact be more unpalatable than opaque species, the latter spanning a larger range of unpalatability. We put forth various hypotheses to explain the evolution of weak aposematic signals in these butterflies and other cryptic defended prey. Our study is an important step in determining the selective pressures and constraints that regulate the interaction between conspicuousness and unpalatability.
Supplementary Methods and Tables from Why has transparency evolved in aposematic butterflies? Insights from the largest radiation of aposematic butterflies, the Ithomiini
Creators: name: M. McClure
name: C. Clerc
name: C. Desbois
name: A. Meichanetzoglou
name: M. Cau
name: L. Bastin-Héline
name: J. Bacigalupo
name: C. Houssin
name: C. Pinna
name: B. Nay
name: V. Llaurens
name: S. Berthier
name: C. Andraud
name: D. Gomez
name: M. Elias
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Supplementary Methods and Tables
Transcriptional Regulation of the GluR2 Gene: Neural-Specific Expression, Multiple Promoters, and Regulatory Elements
Creators: name: Dingledine, Raymond
name: Huang, Yunfei
name: Comer, Mary B.
name: Barthel, Fabrice
name: Myers, Scott J.
name: Peters, Jeanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: To understand how neurons control the expression of the AMPA receptor subunit GluR2, we cloned the 5' proximal region of the rat gene and investigated GluR2 promoter activity by transient transfection. RNase protection and primer extension of rat brain mRNA revealed multiple transcription initiation sites from -340 to -481 bases upstream of the GluR2 AUG codon. The relative use of 5' start sites was different in cortex and cerebellum, indicating complexity of GluR2 transcript expression among different sets of neurons. When GluR2 promoter activity was investigated by plasmid transfection into cultured cortical neurons, cortical glia, and C6 glioma cells, the promoter construct with the strongest activity, per transfected cell, was 29.4-fold (+/- 3.7) more active in neurons than in non-neural cells. Immunostaining of cortical cultures showed that >97% of the luciferase-positive cells also expressed the neuronal marker MAP-2. Evaluation of internal deletion and substitution mutations identified a functional repressor element I RE1-like silencer and functional Sp1 and nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) elements within a GC-rich proximal GluR2 promoter region. The GluR2 silencer reduced promoter activity in glia and non-neuronal cell lines by two- to threefold, was without effect in cortical neurons, and could bind the RE1-silencing transcription factor (REST) because cotransfection of REST into neurons reduced GluR2 promoter activity in a silencer-dependent manner. Substitution of the GluR2 silencer by the homologous NaII RE1 silencer further reduced GluR2 promoter activity in non-neuronal cells by 30-47%. Maximal positive GluR2 promoter activity required both Sp1 and NRF-1 cis elements and an interelement nucleotide bridge sequence. These results indicate that GluR2 transcription initiates from multiple sites, is highly neuronal selective, and is regulated by three regulatory elements in the 5' proximal promoter region.
Background subtraction and transient timing with Bayesian Blocks
Creators: name: Worpel, Hauke
name: Schwope, Axel D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: To incorporate background subtraction into the Bayesian Blocks algorithm so that transient events can be timed accurately and precisely even in the presence of a substantial, rapidly variable, background. Methods: We developed several modifications to the algorithm and tested them on a simulated XMM-Newton observation of a bursting and eclipsing object. Results: We found that bursts can be found to good precision for almost all background subtraction methods, but eclipse ingresses and egresses present problems for most methods. We found one method that recovered these events with precision comparable to the interval between individual photons, in which both source and background region photons are combined into a single list and weighted according to the exposure area. We have also found that adjusting the Bayesian Blocks change points nearer to blocks with higher count rate removes a systematic bias towards blocks of low count rate.
description: 10 pages, 13 figures, 1 table
A Class of Hamiltonians for a Three-Particle Fermionic System at Unitarity
Creators: name: Correggi, M.
name: Dell'Antonio, G.
name: Finco, D.
name: Michelangeli, A.
name: Teta, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum mechanical three-particle system made of two identical fermions of mass one and a different particle of mass $ m $, where each fermion interacts via a zero-range force with the different particle. In particular we study the unitary regime, i.e., the case of infinite two-body scattering length. The Hamiltonians describing the system are, by definition, self-adjoint extensions of the free Hamiltonian restricted on smooth functions vanishing at the two-body coincidence planes, i.e., where the positions of two interacting particles coincide. It is known that for $ m $ larger than a critical value $ m^* \simeq (13.607)^{-1} $ a self-adjoint and lower bounded Hamiltonian $ H_0 $ can be constructed, whose domain is characterized in terms of the standard point-interaction boundary condition at each coincidence plane. Here we prove that for $ m \in( m^*,m^{**}) $, where $ m^{**} \simeq (8.62)^{-1} $, there is a further family of self-adjoint and lower bounded Hamiltonians $ H_{0,β} $, $ β\in \mathbb{R} $, describing the system. Using a quadratic form method, we give a rigorous construction of such Hamiltonians and we show that the elements of their domains satisfy a further boundary condition, characterizing the singular behavior when the positions of all the three particles coincide.
description: 30 pages; pdfLaTeX. Some comments and remarks added
FX Reciprocal Average Rate Contract Valuation
Creators: name: Yang, Alex
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: FX Reciprocal Average Rate Contract Valuation

description: This article presents a valuation model for Noon Average Rate Contract (NRC) and Reciprocal Average Rate Contract (NRC 1). NRC is a forward contract on average foreign exchange rate and NRC 1 is a forward contract on reciprocal of average foreign exchange rate.
description: https://finpricing.com/lib/EqBarrier.html
Figures 1-6 from Fluctuating selection strength and intense male competition underlie variation and exaggeration of a water strider's male weapon.
Creators: name: Toubian, William
name: Abderrahman Khila
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Sexually selected traits can reach high degrees of phenotypic expression and variation under directional selection. A growing number of studies suggest that such selection can vary in space, time and form within and between populations. However, the impact of these fluctuations on sexual trait evolution is poorly understood. In the water strider Microvelia longipes, males display striking trait exaggeration and phenotypic variation manifested as extreme differences in the rear leg length. To study the origin and maintenance of this exaggerated trait, we conducted comparative behavioural, morphometric and reaction norm experiments in a selection of Microvelia species. We uncovered differences both in the mating behaviour and the degree of sexual dimorphism across these species. Interestingly, M. longipes evolved a specific mating behaviour where males compete for egg-laying sites, consisting of small floating objects, to intercept and copulate with gravid females. Through male–male competition assays, we demonstrated that male rear legs are used as weapons to dominate egg-laying sites and that intense competition is associated with the evolution of rear leg length exaggeration. Field observations revealed rapid fluctuation in M. longipes habitat stability and the abundance of egg-laying sites. Paternity tests using genetic markers demonstrated that small males could only fertilize about 5% of the eggs when egg-laying sites are limiting, whereas this proportion increased to about 20% when egg-laying sites become abundant. Furthermore, diet manipulation and artificial selection experiments also showed that the exaggerated leg length in M. longipes males is influenced by both genetic and nutritional factors. Collectively, our results highlight how fluctuation in the strength of directional sexual selection, through changes in the intensity of male competition, can drive the exaggeration and phenotypic variation in this weapon trait.
Yotiao, a Novel Protein of Neuromuscular Junction and Brain That Interacts with Specific Splice Variants of NMDA Receptor Subunit NR1
Creators: name: Wyszynski, Michael
name: Madhavan, Raghavan
name: Kim, Jai Up
name: Sealock, Robert
name: Sheng, Morgan
name: Lin, Jerry W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1998

description: The molecular machinery underlying neurotransmitter receptor immobilization at postsynaptic sites is poorly understood. The NMDA receptor subunit NR1 can form clusters in heterologous cells via a mechanism dependent on the alternatively spliced C1 exon cassette in its intracellular C-terminal tail, suggesting a functional interaction between NR1 and the cytoskeleton. The yeast two-hybrid screen was used here to identify yotiao, a novel coiled coil protein that interacts with NR1 in a C1 exon-dependent manner. Yotiao mRNA (11 kb) is present modestly in brain and abundantly in skeletal muscle and pancreas. On Western blots, yotiao appears as an approximately 230 kDa band that is present in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum. Biochemical studies reveal that yotiao fractionates with cytoskeleton-associated proteins and with the postsynaptic density. With regard to immunohistochemistry, two anti-yotiao antibodies display a somatodendritic staining pattern similar to each other and to the staining pattern of NR1. Yotiao was colocalized by double-label immunocytochemistry with NR1 in rat brain and could be coimmunoprecipitated with NR1 from heterologous cells. Thus yotiao is an NR1-binding protein potentially involved in cytoskeletal attachment of NMDA receptors. Consistent with a general involvement in postsynaptic structure, yotiao was also found to be specifically concentrated at the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle.
Effect of Sieve Particle Size and Blend Proportion on the Quality Properties of Peeled and Unpeeled Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato Composite Flours
Creators: name: Chikpah, Solomon Kofi
name: Korese, Joseph Kudadam
name: Hensel, Oliver
name: Sturm, Barbara
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: bioactive compounds
subject: composite flour
subject: functional properties
subject: orange fleshed sweet potato
subject: sieve particle size
subject: 630
subject: Batate
subject: Lebensmittelproduktion
subject: Lebensmittelqualität
subject: Erhöhung
subject: Bioaktive Verbindungen
subject: Teilchengröße

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Abnormalities in Neuronal Process Extension, Hippocampal Development, and the Ventricular System of L1 Knockout Mice
Creators: name: Demyanenko, Galina P.
name: Tsai, Amy Y.
name: Maness, Patricia F.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: In humans, mutations in the L1 cell adhesion molecule are associated with a neurological syndrome termed CRASH, which includes corpus callosum agenesis, mental retardation, adducted thumbs, spasticity, and hydrocephalus. A mouse model with a null mutation in the L1 gene (
Some finite terms from ladder diagrams in three and four loop maximal supergravity
Creators: name: Basu, Anirban
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the finite part of the leading local interactions in the low energy expansion of the four graviton amplitude from the ladder skeleton diagrams in maximal supergravity on T^2, at three and four loops. At three loops, we express the D^8 R^4 and D^{10} R^4 amplitudes as integrals over the moduli space of an underlying auxiliary geometry. These amplitudes are evaluated exactly for special values of the the moduli of the auxiliary geometry, where the integrand simplifies. We also perform a similar analysis for the D^8 R^4 amplitude at four loops that arise from the ladder skeleton diagrams for a special value of a parameter in the moduli space of the auxiliary geometry. While the dependence of the amplitudes on the volume of the T^2 is very simple, the dependence on the complex structure of the T^2 is quite intricate. In some of the cases, the amplitude consists of terms each of which factorizes into a product of two SL(2,Z) invariant modular forms. While one of the factors is a non--holomorphic Eisenstein series, the other factor splits into a sum of modular forms each of which satisfies a Poisson equation on moduli space with source terms that are bilinear in the Eisenstein series. This leads to several possible perturbative contributions unto genus 5 in type II string theory on S^1. Unlike the one and two loop supergravity analysis, these amplitudes also receive non--perturbative contributions from bound states of three D--(anti)instantons in the IIB theory.
description: 59 pages, LaTex, 11 figures
Analysis and perturbation of degree correlation in complex networks
Creators: name: Xiang, Ju
name: Hu, Ke
name: Hu, Tao
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Li, Jian-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Degree correlation is an important topological property common to many real-world networks. In this paper, the statistical measures for characterizing the degree correlation in networks are investigated analytically. We give an exact proof of the consistency for the statistical measures, reveal the general linear relation in the degree correlation, which provide a simple and interesting perspective on the analysis of the degree correlation in complex networks. By using the general linear analysis, we investigate the perturbation of the degree correlation in complex networks caused by the addition of few nodes and the rich club. The results show that the assortativity of homogeneous networks such as the ER graphs is easily to be affected strongly by the simple structural changes, while it has only slight variation for heterogeneous networks with broad degree distribution such as the scale-free networks. Clearly, the homogeneous networks are more sensitive for the perturbation than the heterogeneous networks.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
PSLer: Power Supplier and Logger for Microbial Electrolysis Systems
Creators: name: Flores-Rodriguez, Carla
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: PSLer is a cost-effective system designed to enhance microbial electrolysis by delivering and capturing voltage using commercial boards and open-source code. It includes an automatic monitoring device with a Power Supply Unit, Arduino UNO, and ADS1256 boards, assembled for around $300 USDs. This prototype offers a flexible alternative to expensive commercial devices, facilitating efficient microbial electrolysis research while reducing costs and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration.
SimBench—A Benchmark Dataset of Electric Power Systems to Compare Innovative Solutions Based on Power Flow Analysis
Creators: name: Meinecke, Steffen
name: Sarajlić, Džanan
name: Drauz, Simon Ruben
name: Klettke, Annika
name: Lauven, Lars-Peter
name: Rehtanz, Christian
name: Moser, Albert
name: Braun, Martin
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: benchmark grid
subject: grid planning
subject: grid operation
subject: grid generation methodology
subject: comparibility
subject: reproducibility
subject: time series
subject: future scenarios
subject: 620
subject: Bezugsnorm
subject: Planungsraster
subject: Energiemanagement
subject: Stromversorgung
subject: Zukunft

description: Gefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
Figure S8 from A new mechanistic model of weather-dependent Septoria tritici blotch disease risk.
Creators: name: Chaloner, Thomas M.
name: Fones, Helen N.
name: Varun Varma
name: Bebber, Daniel P.
name: Gurr, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: We present a new mechanistic model for predicting Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease, parameterized with experimentally derived data for temperature- and wetness-dependent germination, growth and death of the causal agent, Zymoseptoria tritici. The output of this model (A) was compared with observed disease data for UK wheat over the period 2002–2016. In addition, we compared the output of a second model (B), in which experimentally derived parameters were replaced by a modified version of a published Z. tritici thermal performance equation, with the same observed disease data. Neither model predicted observed annual disease, but model A was able to differentiate UK regions with differing average disease risks over the entire period. The greatest limitations of both models are: broad spatial resolution of the climate data, and lack of host parameters. Model B is further limited by its lack of explicitly defined pathogen death, leading to a cumulative overestimation of disease over the course of the growing season. Comparison of models A and B demonstrates the importance of accounting for the temperature-dependency of pathogen processes important in the initiation and progression of disease. However, effective modelling of STB will probably require similar experimentally derived parameters for host and environmental factors, completing the disease triangle.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detection, forecasting and control of infectious disease epidemics: modelling outbreaks in humans, animals and plants Part 1’.
Figures 1-6 from Fluctuating selection strength and intense male competition underlie variation and exaggeration of a water strider's male weapon
Creators: name: Toubian, William
name: Abderrahman Khila
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Sexually selected traits can reach high degrees of phenotypic expression and variation under directional selection. A growing number of studies suggest that such selection can vary in space, time and form within and between populations. However, the impact of these fluctuations on sexual trait evolution is poorly understood. In the water strider Microvelia longipes, males display striking trait exaggeration and phenotypic variation manifested as extreme differences in the rear leg length. To study the origin and maintenance of this exaggerated trait, we conducted comparative behavioural, morphometric and reaction norm experiments in a selection of Microvelia species. We uncovered differences both in the mating behaviour and the degree of sexual dimorphism across these species. Interestingly, M. longipes evolved a specific mating behaviour where males compete for egg-laying sites, consisting of small floating objects, to intercept and copulate with gravid females. Through male–male competition assays, we demonstrated that male rear legs are used as weapons to dominate egg-laying sites and that intense competition is associated with the evolution of rear leg length exaggeration. Field observations revealed rapid fluctuation in M. longipes habitat stability and the abundance of egg-laying sites. Paternity tests using genetic markers demonstrated that small males could only fertilize about 5% of the eggs when egg-laying sites are limiting, whereas this proportion increased to about 20% when egg-laying sites become abundant. Furthermore, diet manipulation and artificial selection experiments also showed that the exaggerated leg length in M. longipes males is influenced by both genetic and nutritional factors. Collectively, our results highlight how fluctuation in the strength of directional sexual selection, through changes in the intensity of male competition, can drive the exaggeration and phenotypic variation in this weapon trait.
Constructing Fully Complete Models of Multiplicative Linear Logic
Creators: name: Schalk, Andrea
name: Steele, Hugh Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The multiplicative fragment of Linear Logic is the formal system in this family with the best understood proof theory, and the categorical models which best capture this theory are the fully complete ones. We demonstrate how the Hyland-Tan double glueing construction produces such categories, either with or without units, when applied to any of a large family of degenerate models. This process explains as special cases a number of such models from the literature. In order to achieve this result, we develop a tensor calculus for compact closed categories with finite biproducts. We show how the combinatorial properties required for a fully complete model are obtained by this glueing construction adding to the structure already available from the original category.
description: 72 pages. An extended abstract of this work appeared in the proceedings of LICS 2012
Activation of Human D3 Dopamine Receptor Inhibits P/Q-Type Calcium Channels and Secretory Activity in AtT-20 Cells
Creators: name: Oxford, Gerry S.
name: Kuzhikandathil, Eldo V.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: The D3 dopamine receptor is postulated to play an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter secretion at both pre- and postsynaptic terminals. However, this hypothesis and the underlying mechanisms remain untested because of the lack of D3-selective ligands, paucity of appropriate model secretory systems, and the weak and inconsistent coupling of D3 receptors to classical signal transduction pathways. The absence of ligands that selectively discriminate between D3 and D2 receptors
Figure S9 from A new mechanistic model of weather-dependent Septoria tritici blotch disease risk.
Creators: name: Chaloner, Thomas M.
name: Fones, Helen N.
name: Varun Varma
name: Bebber, Daniel P.
name: Gurr, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: We present a new mechanistic model for predicting Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease, parameterized with experimentally derived data for temperature- and wetness-dependent germination, growth and death of the causal agent, Zymoseptoria tritici. The output of this model (A) was compared with observed disease data for UK wheat over the period 2002–2016. In addition, we compared the output of a second model (B), in which experimentally derived parameters were replaced by a modified version of a published Z. tritici thermal performance equation, with the same observed disease data. Neither model predicted observed annual disease, but model A was able to differentiate UK regions with differing average disease risks over the entire period. The greatest limitations of both models are: broad spatial resolution of the climate data, and lack of host parameters. Model B is further limited by its lack of explicitly defined pathogen death, leading to a cumulative overestimation of disease over the course of the growing season. Comparison of models A and B demonstrates the importance of accounting for the temperature-dependency of pathogen processes important in the initiation and progression of disease. However, effective modelling of STB will probably require similar experimentally derived parameters for host and environmental factors, completing the disease triangle.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detection, forecasting and control of infectious disease epidemics: modelling outbreaks in humans, animals and plants Part 1’.
Supplementary Figure captions from A new mechanistic model of weather-dependent Septoria tritici blotch disease risk.
Creators: name: Chaloner, Thomas M.
name: Fones, Helen N.
name: Varun Varma
name: Bebber, Daniel P.
name: Gurr, Sarah J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: We present a new mechanistic model for predicting Septoria tritici blotch (STB) disease, parameterized with experimentally derived data for temperature- and wetness-dependent germination, growth and death of the causal agent, Zymoseptoria tritici. The output of this model (A) was compared with observed disease data for UK wheat over the period 2002–2016. In addition, we compared the output of a second model (B), in which experimentally derived parameters were replaced by a modified version of a published Z. tritici thermal performance equation, with the same observed disease data. Neither model predicted observed annual disease, but model A was able to differentiate UK regions with differing average disease risks over the entire period. The greatest limitations of both models are: broad spatial resolution of the climate data, and lack of host parameters. Model B is further limited by its lack of explicitly defined pathogen death, leading to a cumulative overestimation of disease over the course of the growing season. Comparison of models A and B demonstrates the importance of accounting for the temperature-dependency of pathogen processes important in the initiation and progression of disease. However, effective modelling of STB will probably require similar experimentally derived parameters for host and environmental factors, completing the disease triangle.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Detection, forecasting and control of infectious disease epidemics: modelling outbreaks in humans, animals and plants Part 1’.