cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Annotation of cell types (ACT): a convenient web server for cell type annotation
Creators: name: Quan, Fei
name: Liang, Xin
name: Cheng, Mingjiang
name: Yang, Huan
name: Liu, Kun
name: He, Shengyuan
name: Sun, Shangqin
name: Deng, Menglan
name: He, Yanzhen
name: Liu, Wei
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Zhao, Shuxiang
name: Deng, Lantian
name: Hou, Xiaobo
name: Zhang, Xinxin
name: Xiao, Yun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary methods. Comparing ACT with the CellMarker, PanglaoDB, clustermole, and MSigDB cell marker databases. Fig. S1. Unifying cell marker entries. Fig. S3. Effect of varying numbers of input DUGs on WISE prediction accuracy. Fig. S4. Frequency distribution of cell type markers in human blood. Fig. S5. The predicted results of WISE in the Human Liver dataset. Fig. S6. The performance of WISE. Fig. S7. An example of BatchACT. Fig. S8. Cell type annotation of the PBMC 3k dataset based on ACT. Fig. S9. Cell type annotation with ACT in basal cell carcinoma. Table S3. Result of cell type assignment for PMBC 3k scRNA-seq dataset based on ACT. Table S4. Manually assigned cell types based on the annotation results of ACT in BCC. Table S5. Manually cell type annotation based on the enrichment results of ACT in colon cancer.
Foreword
Creators: name: Witte, Jr., John
Publisher: name: IVP Academic
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Bible
subject: Christianity
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This text reflects briefly on the precocious rise of Christian legal studies in North American and European law schools, and the past, present, and potential role of the Bible and the Christian tradition in shaping modern understandings of public, private, penal, and procedural law.
Generalized interacting Barrow Holographic Dark Energy: cosmological predictions and thermodynamic considerations
Creators: name: Luciano, Giuseppe Gaetano
name: Giné, Jaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a generalized interacting model of Barrow Holographic Dark Energy (BHDE) with infrared cutoff being given by the Hubble horizon. We analyze the cosmological evolution of a flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker Universe filled by pressureless dark matter, BHDE and radiation fluid. The interaction between the dark sectors of the cosmos is assumed of non-gravitational origin and satisfying the second law of thermodynamics and Le Chatelier-Braun principle. We study the behavior of various model parameters, such as the BHDE density parameter, the equation of state parameter, the deceleration parameter, the jerk parameter and the square of sound speed. We show that our model satisfactorily retraces the thermal history of the Universe and is consistent with current observations for certain values of parameters, providing an eligible candidate to describe dark energy. We finally explore the thermodynamics of our framework, with special focus on the validity of the generalized second law.
description: 16 pages, 21 captioned figures, 1 table (This is an extension of arXiv:2210.06320)
Additional file 2 of Annotation of cell types (ACT): a convenient web server for cell type annotation
Creators: name: Quan, Fei
name: Liang, Xin
name: Cheng, Mingjiang
name: Yang, Huan
name: Liu, Kun
name: He, Shengyuan
name: Sun, Shangqin
name: Deng, Menglan
name: He, Yanzhen
name: Liu, Wei
name: Wang, Shuai
name: Zhao, Shuxiang
name: Deng, Lantian
name: Hou, Xiaobo
name: Zhang, Xinxin
name: Xiao, Yun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Manual inspection and correction of originally incorrectly annotated clusters across five datasets.
Introduction to Legal Studies Section
Creators: name: Witte, Jr., John
Publisher: name: Mohr Siebeck
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Protestantism
subject: Kant, Immanuel, 1724-1804
subject: Canon law
subject: Religion
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This article analyzes the shifting concepts of law in Western law and thought in early modern times and today. It first shows how the modern movement of interdisciplinary legal studies emerged as a corrective to the narrow positivist concepts of law that prevailed before the 1960s. It then shows how, in anticipation of modern methods, earlier Protestant legal thinkers had already worked hard to reconcile biblical and human laws, natural and positive laws, canon and civil laws, cases and legal codes in pursuit of a more integrated jurisprudence.
sj-docx-1-tab-10.1177_1759720X211070205 – Supplemental material for An oleuropein-based dietary supplement may improve joint functional capacity in older people with high knee joint pain: findings from a multicentre-RCT and post hoc analysis
Creators: name: Horcajada, Marie-Noëlle
name: Beaumont, Maurice
name: Sauvageot, Nicolas
name: Poquet, Laure
name: Saboundjian, Madleen
name: Costes, Berenice
name: Verdonk, Peter
name: Brands, Geoffrey
name: Brasseur, Jean
name: Urbin-Choffray, Didier
name: Vandenberghe, Marc
name: Brabants, Karl
name: De Vlam, Kurt
name: Fache, Werner
name: Jandrain, Bernard
name: Grek, Vincent
name: Malaise, Michel
name: Henrotin, Yves
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110314 Orthopaedics
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110604 Sports Medicine
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tab-10.1177_1759720X211070205 for An oleuropein-based dietary supplement may improve joint functional capacity in older people with high knee joint pain: findings from a multicentre-RCT and post hoc analysis by Marie-Noëlle Horcajada, Maurice Beaumont, Nicolas Sauvageot, Laure Poquet, Madleen Saboundjian, Berenice Costes, Peter Verdonk, Geoffrey Brands, Jean Brasseur, Didier Urbin-Choffray, Marc Vandenberghe, Karl Brabants, Kurt De Vlam, Werner Fache, Bernard Jandrain, Vincent Grek, Michel Malaise and Yves Henrotin in Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease
Fast and robust Bayesian Inference using Gaussian Processes with GPry
Creators: name: Gammal, Jonas El
name: Schöneberg, Nils
name: Torrado, Jesús
name: Fidler, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present the GPry algorithm for fast Bayesian inference of general (non-Gaussian) posteriors with a moderate number of parameters. GPry does not need any pre-training, special hardware such as GPUs, and is intended as a drop-in replacement for traditional Monte Carlo methods for Bayesian inference. Our algorithm is based on generating a Gaussian Process surrogate model of the log-posterior, aided by a Support Vector Machine classifier that excludes extreme or non-finite values. An active learning scheme allows us to reduce the number of required posterior evaluations by two orders of magnitude compared to traditional Monte Carlo inference. Our algorithm allows for parallel evaluations of the posterior at optimal locations, further reducing wall-clock times. We significantly improve performance using properties of the posterior in our active learning scheme and for the definition of the GP prior. In particular we account for the expected dynamical range of the posterior in different dimensionalities. We test our model against a number of synthetic and cosmological examples. GPry outperforms traditional Monte Carlo methods when the evaluation time of the likelihood (or the calculation of theoretical observables) is of the order of seconds; for evaluation times of over a minute it can perform inference in days that would take months using traditional methods. GPry is distributed as an open source Python package (pip install gpry) and can also be found at https://github.com/jonaselgammal/GPry.
description: 39 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to JCAP
Lower Bounds for the Convergence of Tensor Power Iteration on Random Overcomplete Models
Creators: name: Wu, Yuchen
name: Zhou, Kangjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Tensor decomposition serves as a powerful primitive in statistics and machine learning, and has numerous applications in problems such as learning latent variable models or mixture of Gaussians. In this paper, we focus on using power iteration to decompose an overcomplete random tensor. Past work studying the properties of tensor power iteration either requires a non-trivial data-independent initialization, or is restricted to the undercomplete regime. Moreover, several papers implicitly suggest that logarithmically many iterations (in terms of the input dimension) are sufficient for the power method to recover one of the tensor components.
 Here we present a novel analysis of the dynamics of tensor power iteration from random initialization in the overcomplete regime, where the tensor rank is much greater than its dimension. Surprisingly, we show that polynomially many steps are necessary for convergence of tensor power iteration to any of the true component, which refutes the previous conjecture. On the other hand, our numerical experiments suggest that tensor power iteration successfully recovers tensor components for a broad range of parameters in polynomial time. To further complement our empirical evidence, we prove that a popular objective function for tensor decomposition is strictly increasing along the power iteration path.
 Our proof is based on the Gaussian conditioning technique, which has been applied to analyze the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm. The major ingredient of our argument is a conditioning lemma that allows us to generalize AMP-type analysis to non-proportional limit and polynomially many iterations of the power method.
description: 41 pages, 3 figures, appeared in The 36th Annual Conference on Learning Theory (COLT 2023)
Additional file 5 of Proof of stability of an RSV Controlled Human Infection Model challenge agent
Creators: name: Verstraelen, Sandra
name: Roymans, Dirk
name: Jacobs, An
name: Hollanders, Karen
name: Remy, Sylvie
name: Jochmans, Dirk
name: Klein, Jelle
name: Grauwet, Tini
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 5.
Religion
Creators: name: Green, M. Christian
name: Witte, Jr., John
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Judaism
subject: Buddhism
subject: Religion
subject: Christianity
subject: Hinduism
subject: Islam

description: This Article argues that religion is an important source and dimension of modern human rights, and it surveys the historical and contemporary rights contributions of each of the major world religions – Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. It then surveys the place of religion in modern international human rights norms, and calls for stronger protections, especially for minority faiths.
Piecewise deterministic Markov process for condition-based imperfect maintenance models
Creators: name: Wang, Weikai
name: Chen, Xian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In this paper, a condition-based imperfect maintenance model based on piecewise deterministic Markov process (PDMP) is constructed. The degradation of the system includes two types: natural degradation and random shocks. The natural degradation is deterministic and can be nonlinear. The damage increment caused by a random shock follows a certain distribution, and its parameters are related to the degradation state. Maintenance methods include corrective maintenance and imperfect maintenance. Imperfect maintenance reduces the degradation degree of the system according to a random proportion. The maintenance action is delayed, and the system will suffer natural degradations and random shocks while waiting for maintenance. At each inspection time, the decision-maker needs to make a choice among planning no maintenance, imperfect maintenance and perfect maintenance, so as to minimize the total discounted cost of the system. The impulse optimal control theory of PDMP is used to determine the optimal maintenance strategy. A numerical study dealing with component coating maintenance problem is presented. Relationship with optimal threshold strategy is discussed. Sensitivity analyses on the influences of discount factor, observation interval and maintenance cost to the discounted cost and optimal actions are presented.
description: 34 pages, 28 figures
Primordial Black Holes
Creators: name: Escrivà, Albert
name: Kuhnel, Florian
name: Tada, Yuichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aspects of primordial black holes, i.e. black holes formed in the early Universe, are reviewed. Special emphasis is put on their formation, their role as dark matter candidates and their manifold signatures, particularly through gravitational waves.
description: 246 pages, 62 figures, 824 references; invited book chapter in "Listening to the dark Universe: black holes in the era of gravitational-wave astronomy"
Exact Quantum Algorithms for Quantum Phase Recognition: Renormalization Group and Error Correction
Creators: name: Lake, Ethan
name: Balasubramanian, Shankar
name: Choi, Soonwon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the relationship between renormalization group (RG) flow and error correction by constructing quantum algorithms that exactly recognize 1D symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases protected by finite internal Abelian symmetries. For each SPT phase, our algorithm runs a quantum circuit which emulates RG flow: an arbitrary input ground state wavefunction in the phase is mapped to a unique minimally-entangled reference state, thereby allowing for efficient phase identification. This construction is enabled by viewing a generic input state in the phase as a collection of coherent `errors' applied to the reference state, and engineering a quantum circuit to efficiently detect and correct such errors. Importantly, the error correction threshold is proven to coincide exactly with the phase boundary. We discuss the implications of our results in the context of condensed matter physics, machine learning, and near-term quantum algorithms.
description: 10 pages + appendices v2: extended discussion on RG convergence; added refs
The nucleotide metabolome of germinating Arabidopsis thaliana seeds reveals a central role for thymidine phosphorylation in chloroplast development
Creators: name: Niehaus, Markus
name: Straube, Henryk
name: Specht, André
name: Baccolini, Chiara
name: Witte, Claus-Peter
name: Herde, Marco
Publisher: name: Rockville, Md. : American Society of Plant Physiologists
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Arabidopsis
subject: Arabidopsis Proteins
subject: Chloroplasts
subject: Deoxyribonucleotides
subject: Deoxyuridine
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Thymidylates are generated by several partially overlapping metabolic pathways in different subcellular locations. This interconnectedness complicates an understanding of how thymidylates are formed in vivo. Analyzing a comprehensive collection of mutants and double mutants on the phenotypic and metabolic level, we report the effect of de novo thymidylate synthesis, salvage of thymidine, and conversion of cytidylates to thymidylates on thymidylate homeostasis during seed germination and seedling establishment in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). During germination, the salvage of thymidine in organelles contributes predominantly to the thymidylate pools and a mutant lacking organellar (mitochondrial and plastidic) thymidine kinase has severely altered deoxyribonucleotide levels, less chloroplast DNA, and chlorotic cotyledons. This phenotype is aggravated when mitochondrial thymidylate de novo synthesis is additionally compromised. We also discovered an organellar deoxyuridine-triphosphate pyrophosphatase and show that its main function is not thymidylate synthesis but probably the removal of noncanonical nucleotide triphosphates. Interestingly, cytosolic thymidylate synthesis can only compensate defective organellar thymidine salvage in seedlings but not during germination. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the nucleotide metabolome of germinating seeds and demonstrates the unique role of enzymes that seem redundant at first glance.
Unveiling the Tapestry: the Interplay of Generalization and Forgetting in Continual Learning
Creators: name: Shi, Zenglin
name: Jie, Jing
name: Sun, Ying
name: Lim, Joo Hwee
name: Zhang, Mengmi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In AI, generalization refers to a model's ability to perform well on out-of-distribution data related to the given task, beyond the data it was trained on. For an AI agent to excel, it must also possess the continual learning capability, whereby an agent incrementally learns to perform a sequence of tasks without forgetting the previously acquired knowledge to solve the old tasks. Intuitively, generalization within a task allows the model to learn underlying features that can readily be applied to novel tasks, facilitating quicker learning and enhanced performance in subsequent tasks within a continual learning framework. Conversely, continual learning methods often include mechanisms to mitigate catastrophic forgetting, ensuring that knowledge from earlier tasks is retained. This preservation of knowledge over tasks plays a role in enhancing generalization for the ongoing task at hand. Despite the intuitive appeal of the interplay of both abilities, existing literature on continual learning and generalization has proceeded separately. In the preliminary effort to promote studies that bridge both fields, we first present empirical evidence showing that each of these fields has a mutually positive effect on the other. Next, building upon this finding, we introduce a simple and effective technique known as Shape-Texture Consistency Regularization (STCR), which caters to continual learning. STCR learns both shape and texture representations for each task, consequently enhancing generalization and thereby mitigating forgetting. Remarkably, extensive experiments validate that our STCR, can be seamlessly integrated with existing continual learning methods, including replay-free approaches. Its performance surpasses these continual learning methods in isolation or when combined with established generalization techniques by a large margin.
"God is Hidden in the Earthly Kingdom:" The Lutheran Two-Kingdoms Theory as Foundation of Scandavanian Secularity
Creators: name: Witte, Jr., John
Publisher: name: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Church history
subject: Religion
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Martin Luther's signature "two kingdoms" teaching of the sixteenth century was an early and innovative theory of secularization that lies at the heart of historical Scandinavian culture. Defying the organic medieval models of Western Christendom, Luther separated the heavenly and earthly kingdoms, the saint and the sinner, faith and reason, church and the state, Gospel and the Law, as well as the spiritual and secular uses of law, government and authority. Though God is separated from day-to-day life, Luther wrote, God is still hidden in the earthly kingdom" and can be seen through various "masks," "mists," and "mimes." Though the visible church is separated from the state and other institutions, religion remains pervasive in the common callings of every person to be God's prophet, priest and king in every vocation and location of life. Luther's two kingdoms theory is a complicated and controversial part of this thinking, but it is worth re-exploring today as pluralistic Scandinavia faces strong new pressures of both sacralization and secularization and seeks to discern anew "the hidden sacraliity of the secular."
'Quale regnum exinde iustorum! Qualis civitas nova hierusalem!' : Revelation 19 - 21 in the exegesis of the Christian communities of Roman Africa from the II to the IV century
Creators: name: Vercesi, Martina
Publisher: name: University of St Andrews
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: New Testament
subject: Book of Revelation
subject: Reception history
subject: Patristics
subject: BS2825.52V4
subject: Bible. Revelation--Criticism, interpretation, etc.
subject: Africa, North--Church history
subject: Fathers of the church

description: The aim of this research is to analyse the reception and the interpretation of Revelation 19 – 21 in the early Christian communities of Roman Africa between the second and the fourth century. The chapters chosen are related to the series of events that anticipate the end of the world: the coming of the millennial kingdom of Christ, the final judgment, and the descent of the holy city, the New Jerusalem. Throughout the examination of the authors’ literary production and documents of martyrdom, this research attempts to provide an overview of the role of these three chapters in the exegesis of the North African Christian communities.
Additional file 1 of Influencing factors of futile recanalization after endovascular therapy for cerebral infarction with posterior circulation occlusion of large vessels: a retrospective study
Creators: name: Xie, Ying
name: Liu, Xi
name: Gu, Hongli
name: Zhong, Guanghong
name: Wen, Yangchun
name: He, Jinzhao
name: Zhong, Xiaojin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Ecology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary 1. The baseline characteristics of patients in our study.
On the flavor/mass dichotomy for mixed neutrinos: a phenomenologically motivated analysis based on lepton charge conservation in neutron decay
Creators: name: Luciano, Giuseppe Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flavor/mass dichotomy} for mixed fields is one of the most controversial issues in Quantum Field Theory. In this work we approach the problem by considering mixing of neutrinos and computing the transition amplitude for the paradigmatic neutron $β$-decay $n\,\rightarrow\, p \,+\,e^ \,+\,\barν$. Calculations are developed by utilizing the following different representations of neutrino states: \emph{i}) Pontecorvo states, \emph{ii}) mass states and \emph{iii}) exact QFT flavor states, which are defined as eigenstates of the flavor charge. As a guiding principle, we invoke the conservation of lepton charge in the interaction vertex, which is fundamentally inbuilt into the Standard Model at tree level. In the short-time limit, we show that the only fully consistent scenario is that based on QFT states, whereas the other two frameworks contradict the underlying theory. This result provides a crucial step towards understanding the rôle of neutrino mixing in weak decays and contributes to elucidate the flavor/mass controversy in QFT.
description: 16 pages, accepted for publication in EPJ Plus
sj-pdf-1-cep-10.1177_03331024221076478 - Supplemental material for The clinical characteristics of familial cluster headache
Creators: name: O’Connor, Emer
name: Nikram, Elham
name: Grangeon, Lou
name: Danno, Daisuke
name: Houlden, Henry
name: Matharu, Manjit
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 110904 Neurology and Neuromuscular Diseases
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 110319 Psychiatry (incl. Psychotherapy)
subject: Neuroscience

description: Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cep-10.1177_03331024221076478 for The clinical characteristics of familial cluster headache by Emer O’Connor, Elham Nikram, Lou Grangeon, Daisuke Danno, Henry Houlden and Manjit Matharu in Cephalalgia
Recursive Identification of Binary-Valued Systems under Uniform Persistent Excitations
Creators: name: Ke, Jieming
name: Wang, Ying
name: Zhao, Yanlong
name: Zhang, Ji-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper studies the control-oriented identification problem of set-valued moving average systems with uniform persistent excitations and observation noises. A stochastic approximation-based (SA-based) algorithm without projections or truncations is proposed. The algorithm overcomes the limitations of the existing empirical measurement method and the recursive projection method, where the former requires periodic inputs, and the latter requires projections to restrict the search region in a compact set.To analyze the convergence property of the algorithm, the distribution tail of the estimation error is proved to be exponentially convergent through an auxiliary stochastic process. Based on this key technique, the SA-based algorithm appears to be the first to reach the almost sure convergence rate of $ O(\sqrt{\ln\ln k/k}) $ theoretically in the non-periodic input case. Meanwhile, the mean square convergence is proved to have a rate of $ O(1/k) $, which is the best one even under accurate observations. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and theoretical results.
description: IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control (2024)
Last Mile of Blockchains: RPC and Node-as-a-service
Creators: name: Luo, Zhongtang
name: Murukutla, Rohan
name: Kate, Aniket
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While much research focuses on different methods to secure blockchain, information on the chain needs to be accessed by end-users to be useful. This position paper surveys different ways that end-users may access blockchains. We observe that between the two extremes of running a full node and fully utilizing a trusted third-party service, many solutions regarding light nodes are emerging. We analyze these solutions based on three basic properties of web communication: integrity, availability and privacy. We conclude that currently, the best way to access a blockchain while maintaining these three properties is still to run a full node. We consider it essential that future blockchain accessibility services should be built while considering these three expectations.
Introduction to T. Jeremy Gunn and John Witte, Jr., eds., No Establishment of Religion: America's Original Contribution to Religious Liberty
Creators: name: Witte, Jr., John
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Religion
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: This Chapter introduces a new book-length study of the genesis and genius of the America's constitutional commitment to granting religious freedom to all and religious establishments to none. The study analyzes the prescient movements for disestablishment in the colonies and the new states and the revolutionary new guarantees of religious freedom built into the First Amendment. It also shows how the ongoing battles over education, immigration, polygamy, funding, exemptions, and more have made the original and evolving understanding of the First Amendment disestablishment guarantee a source of perennial cultural and constitutional contest.
Persona-Based Conversational AI: State of the Art and Challenges
Creators: name: Liu, Junfeng
name: Symons, Christopher
name: Vatsavai, Ranga Raju
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Conversational AI has become an increasingly prominent and practical application of machine learning. However, existing conversational AI techniques still suffer from various limitations. One such limitation is a lack of well-developed methods for incorporating auxiliary information that could help a model understand conversational context better. In this paper, we explore how persona-based information could help improve the quality of response generation in conversations. First, we provide a literature review focusing on the current state-of-the-art methods that utilize persona information. We evaluate two strong baseline methods, the Ranking Profile Memory Network and the Poly-Encoder, on the NeurIPS ConvAI2 benchmark dataset. Our analysis elucidates the importance of incorporating persona information into conversational systems. Additionally, our study highlights several limitations with current state-of-the-art methods and outlines challenges and future research directions for advancing personalized conversational AI technology.
description: 2022 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW)
Interactive and Iterative Peer Assessment
Creators: name: Dery, Lihi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Iterative peer grading activities may keep students engaged during in-class project presentations. Effective methods for collecting and aggregating peer assessment data are essential. Students tend to grade projects favorably. So, while asking students for numeric grades is a common approach, it often leads to inflated grades across all projects, resulting in numerous ties for the top grades. Additionally, students may strategically assign lower grades to others' projects so that their projects will shine. Alternatively, requesting students to rank all projects from best to worst presents challenges due to limitations in human cognitive capacity. To address these issues, we propose a novel peer grading model consisting of (a) an algorithm designed to elicit student evaluations and (b) a median-based voting protocol for aggregating grades to a single ranked order that reduces ties. An application based on our model was deployed and tested in a university course, demonstrating fewer ties between alternatives and a significant decrease in students' cognitive and communication burdens.
Quasi Gelfand triples
Creators: name: Skrepek, Nathanael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46A20, 46C07, 46E99, 47A70

description: We generalize the notion of Gelfand triples (also called Banach-Gelfand triples or rigged Hilbert spaces) by dropping the necessity of a continuous embedding. This means in our setting we lack of a chain inclusion. We replace the continuous embedding by a closed embedding of a dense subspace. This new notion will be called quasi Gelfand triple. These triples appear naturally, when we regard the boundary spaces of spatially multidimensional differential operators, e.g., the Maxwell operator. We will show that there is a smallest space where we can continuously embed the entire triple. Moreover, we will show density results for intersections of members of the quasi Gelfand triple. Finally, we show that every quasi Gelfand triple can be decomposed into two "ordinary" Gelfand triples.
Additional file 1 of Mapping regional variability of exclusive breastfeeding and its determinants at different infant’s age in Tanzania
Creators: name: Jahanpour, Ola Farid
name: Okango, Elphas Luchemo
name: Todd, Jim
name: Mwambi, Henry
name: Mahande, Michael J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Additional file 1 of Modeling COVID-19 disease processes by remote elicitation of causal Bayesian networks from medical experts
Creators: name: Mascaro, Steven
name: Wu, Yue
name: Woodberry, Owen
name: Nyberg, Erik P.
name: Pearson, Ross
name: Ramsay, Jessica A.
name: Mace, Ariel O.
name: Foley, David A.
name: Snelling, Thomas L.
name: Nicholson, Ann E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Molecular Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: All the following additional files will remain available on our OSF project page [14] in the versions referred to here, accompanied by any subsequent versions of them that we develop. Additional file 1.Respiratory causal DAG v3.8. This depicts the initial pathophysiological process of SARS-CoV-2 in the respiratory system, outlining multiple and often concurrent pathways from viral infection to key downstream complications such as multi-organ failure. Some variables are latent (i.e., not directly observable) but their probability distributions can be inferred from observable evidence such as clinical signs, symptoms and laboratory measurements, not all of which are shown in the diagram. Many mechanisms described in the BN can be influenced by background factors such as age, sex, and comorbidities, which are also not shown. BNs are acyclic, so feedback loops that may occur as the disease progresses are not included in the diagram. We divide the nodes into four color-coded categories: Infection process (pink), Pulmonary details (yellow), resulting Complications (orange), and a few illustrative examples of Signs and symptoms (cyan). Within the pulmonary system, we distinguish (using background boxes) three pathways from Infection to possible Complications: involving problems with Mechanical operation of the lungs, Gas exchange, and Coagulation.
Saez-Ballester gravity in Kantowski-Sachs Universe: a new reconstruction paradigm for Barrow Holographic Dark Energy
Creators: name: Luciano, Giuseppe Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconstruct Barrow Holographic Dark Energy (BHDE) within the framework of Saez-Ballester Scalar Tensor Theory. As a specific background, we consider a homogeneous and anisotropic Kantowski-Sachs Universe filled up with BHDE and dark matter. By assuming the Hubble radius as an IR cutoff, we investigate both the cases of non-interacting and interacting dark energy scenarios. We analyze the evolutionary behavior of various model parameters, such as skewness parameter, Equation-of-State parameter, deceleration parameter, jerk parameter and squared sound speed. We also draw the trajectories of $ω_D-ω'_D$ phase plane and examine statefinder diagnosis. Observational consistency is discussed by inferring the current value of Hubble's parameter through the best fit curve of data points from Differential Age (DA) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and commenting on cosmological perturbations and growth rate of matter fluctuations in BHDE. We show that our model satisfactorily retraces the history of the Universe, thus providing a potential candidate explanation for dark energy. Comparison with other reconstructions of BHDE is finally analyzed.
description: 17 pages, 13 labeled figures, 3 tabs (accepted for publication in Physics of the Dark Universe)
Constraining Barrow entropy-based Cosmology with power-law inflation
Creators: name: Luciano, Giuseppe Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the inflationary era of the Universe in a modified cosmological scenario based on the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture with Barrow entropy instead of the usual Bekenstein-Hawking one. The former arises from the effort to account for quantum gravitational effects on the horizon surface of black holes and, in a broader sense, of the Universe. First, we extract modified Friedmann equations from the first law of thermodynamics applied to the apparent horizon of a Friedmann- Robertson-Walker Universe in (n + 1)-dimensions. Assuming a power-law behavior for the scalar inflaton field, we then investigate how the inflationary dynamics is affected in Barrow cosmological setup. We find that the inflationary era may phenomenologically consist of the slow-roll phase, while Barrow entropy is incompatible with kinetic inflation. By demanding observationally consistency of the scalar spectral index and tensor-to-scalar ratio with recent Planck data, we finally constrain Barrow exponent to $Δ\lesssim10^{-4}$.
description: 10 pages, 2 labeled figures
Laser-assisted Fano resonance: attosecond quantum control and dynamical imaging
Creators: name: Han, Meng
name: Liang, Hao
name: Ji, Jia-bao
name: Sum, Leung Chung
name: Ueda, Kiyoshi
name: Rost, Jan Michael
name: Wörner, Hans Jakob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Fano resonance arises from the pathway interference between discrete and continuum states, playing a fundamental role in many branches of physics, chemistry and material science. Here, we introduce the concept of a laser-assisted Fano resonance, created from two interferometric pathways that are coupled together by an additional laser field, which introduces a controllable phase delay between them and results in a generalized Fano lineshape that can be actively controlled on the {\it attosecond} time scale. Based on our experimental results of unprecedented resolution, we dynamically image a resonant electron wave packet during its evolution directly in the time domain, extracting both the amplitude and the phase, which allows for the measurement of the {\it resonant} photoionization time delay. Ab-initio calculations and simulations employing a physically transparent two-level model agree with our experimental results, laying the groundwork for extending our concepts into attosecond quantum control of complex systems.
description: 7 figures
sj-docx-1-afr-10.1177_00020397221082946 - Supplemental material for Changing the Rules: Institutions, Party Systems, and the Frequency of Constitutional Amendments in Africa
Creators: name: Jensen, Christian B.
name: Kuenzi, Michelle
name: Mehanna, Jonathan-Georges
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 120505 Regional Analysis and Development
subject: FOS: Social and economic geography

description: Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-afr-10.1177_00020397221082946 for Changing the Rules: Institutions, Party Systems, and the Frequency of Constitutional Amendments in Africa by Christian B. Jensen, Michelle Kuenzi and Jonathan-Georges Mehanna in Africa Spectrum
Additional file 2 of Mapping regional variability of exclusive breastfeeding and its determinants at different infant’s age in Tanzania
Creators: name: Jahanpour, Ola Farid
name: Okango, Elphas Luchemo
name: Todd, Jim
name: Mwambi, Henry
name: Mahande, Michael J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 2
Removing Structured Noise with Diffusion Models
Creators: name: Stevens, Tristan S. W.
name: van Gorp, Hans
name: Meral, Faik C.
name: Shin, Junseob
name: Yu, Jason
name: Robert, Jean-Luc
name: van Sloun, Ruud J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Solving ill-posed inverse problems requires careful formulation of prior beliefs over the signals of interest and an accurate description of their manifestation into noisy measurements. Handcrafted signal priors based on e.g. sparsity are increasingly replaced by data-driven deep generative models, and several groups have recently shown that state-of-the-art score-based diffusion models yield particularly strong performance and flexibility. In this paper, we show that the powerful paradigm of posterior sampling with diffusion models can be extended to include rich, structured, noise models. To that end, we propose a joint conditional reverse diffusion process with learned scores for the noise and signal-generating distribution. We demonstrate strong performance gains across various inverse problems with structured noise, outperforming competitive baselines that use normalizing flows and adversarial networks. This opens up new opportunities and relevant practical applications of diffusion modeling for inverse problems in the context of non-Gaussian measurement models.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures, Transactions on Machine Learning Research
Clandestine Marriage and Parental Consent in John Calvin's Geneva: The Gradual Synthesis of Theology, Statutes, and Case Law
Creators: name: Witte, Jr., John
Publisher: name: Djǿf Publishing
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Calvin, Jean, 1509-1564
subject: Church history
subject: Religion
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: Parental consent to engagement and marriage was one of the staples of early Protestant theology and law. John Calvin and his Genevan colleague declared parental consent, like individual consent, to be indispensable to the validity of a minor's engagement. The Geneva Consistory inquired closely into the engagements of minors, and routinely dissolved them if their parents dissented. Not only the couple themselves, but also a parent, guardian, witness, or notary to an engagement contract could be punished if they failed to get the necessary consent from both sets of parents. But Calvin ultimately rejected the law of some Protestant communities that allowed parents to annul their children's clandestine marriages as well, declaring, fearing the dangers of parental tyranny and the costs of marital breakup to the couple and their children. He addressed these issues at length in his writings and sermons, and applied these teachings in the detailed work of the Genevan Consistory.
БИОГЕННЫЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТЫ И ИХ ЗНАЧЕНИЕ В ОРГАНИЗМЕ ЧЕЛОВЕКА
Creators: name: Тилеуова, Гулзира
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: Биогенные элементы являются основой жизнедеятельности человека, поскольку они участвуют в важных физиологических процессах и составляют основу структуры клеток и тканей. В организме человека присутствуют как макроэлементы (кислород, углерод, водород, азот, кальций, фосфор и др.), так и микроэлементы (железо, йод, цинк, медь и другие), каждый из которых выполняет свои функции, обеспечивая нормальное функционирование организма. Эти элементы участвуют в энергетическом обмене, поддержании водно-электролитного баланса, синтезе белков и нуклеиновых кислот, а также в поддержке иммунной системы. Недостаток или избыток биогенных элементов может привести к различным заболеваниям. Статья освещает значение биогенных элементов в организме человека, их роль в обменных процессах, а также возможные последствия их дефицита или избытка.
Wettability of quartz particles at varying conditions on the basis of the measurement of relative wetting contact angles and their flotation behaviour
Creators: name: Shuling, Gao
name: Lifeng, Ma
name: Dezhou, Wei
name: Yanbai, Shen
Publisher: name: Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2018
Subjects: relative wetting contact angle, Washburn technique, surface free energy, flotation behaviour, sodium oleate

description: Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; ISSN 2084-4735
Additional file 3 of Modeling COVID-19 disease processes by remote elicitation of causal Bayesian networks from medical experts
Creators: name: Mascaro, Steven
name: Wu, Yue
name: Woodberry, Owen
name: Nyberg, Erik P.
name: Pearson, Ross
name: Ramsay, Jessica A.
name: Mace, Ariel O.
name: Foley, David A.
name: Snelling, Thomas L.
name: Nicholson, Ann E.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Molecular Biology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Information Systems not elsewhere classified
Cancer
Science Policy

description: Additional file 3.Respiratory BN dictionary v3.8. This table for the Respiratory BN specifies, for each variable, a description of the variable and its relationships to its parent nodes, supported by references to academic literature listed in a bibliography. Relevant evidence, background factors, and some feedback loops are noted even if not included in the BN diagram.
Physicochemical properties of pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 synthesized from ilmenite ore by co-precipitation route
Creators: name: Mahmoud, Mohamed H. H.
name: Hessien, Mahmoud M.
name: Alhadhrami, Abdulrahman
name: Gobouri, Adel A.
Publisher: name: Faculty of Geoengineering, Mining and Geology, Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław
Year: 2018
Subjects: Ilmenite ore; Pseudobrookite; Co-precipitation; Nanocrystalline, Magnetic Properties

description: Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing; ISSN 2084-4735