cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shared leadership in healthcare emergency teams.
Creators: name: JANSSENS, SARAH
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Obstetrics and gynaecology
Leadership

description: Does sharing mean better caring? This body of work explores how the sharing of leadership duties occurs in healthcare emergency response teams. In particular, how the leadership is shared and why it is shared. The research examines two forms of shared leadership, planned and spontaneous, to determine the effect of these types of sharing on team performance and clinical care.
Lyth bound revisited
Creators: name: Huang, Qing-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imposing that the excursion distance of inflaton in field space during inflation be less than the Planck scale, we derive an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio at the CMB scales, i.e. $r_{*,max}$, in the general canonical single-field slow-roll inflation model, in particular the model with non-negligible running of the spectral index $α_s$ and/or the running of running $β_s$. We find that $r_{*,max}\simeq 7\times 10^{-4}$ for $n_s=0.9645$ without running and running of running, and $r_{*,max}$ is significantly relaxed to the order of ${\cal O}(10^{-2}\sim 10^{-1})$ in the inflation model with $α_s$ and/or $β_s\sim +{\cal O}(10^{-2})$ which are marginally preferred by the Planck 2015 data.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures; minor correction, clarifications and refs added
Impact of symmetry breaking in networks of globally coupled oscillators
Creators: name: Premalatha, K.
name: Chandrasekar, V. K.
name: Senthilvelan, M.
name: Lakshmanan, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the consequences of symmetry breaking in the coupling in a network of globally coupled identical Stuart-Landau oscillators. We observe that symmetry breaking leads to increased disorderliness in the dynamical behavior of oscillatory states and consequently results in a rich variety of dynamical states. Depending on the strength of the nonisochronicity parameter, we find various dynamical states such as amplitude chimera, amplitude cluster, frequency chimera and frequency cluster states. In addition we also find disparate transition routes to recently observed chimera death state in the presence of symmetry breaking even with global coupling. We also analytically verify the chimera death region which corroborates the numerical results. The above results are compared with that of the symmetry preserving case as well.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, Accepted for Publication in PRE
NUTRITION ENHANCEMENT IN EARLY PSYCHOSIS (NEEP): A FEASIBILITY TRIAL OF ENHANCED NUTRITION WITH TEXT MESSAGING AND A DIETARY TRACKING MOBILE APPLICATION
Creators: name: Watkins, Melanie Ann
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Clinical psychology

description: Background. People with psychotic disorders tend to die earlier than the general population, primarily due to preventable cardiovascular disease. Behavioral risk factors, such as poor diet, have been identified as major contributors. Given the importance of prevention, the early stages of psychosis have been described as a “critical” time to intervene on health behaviors. As such, a mobile-based intervention, Nutrition Enhancement in Early Psychosis (NEEP) was created to improve diet quality in persons with early psychosis. This study has three aims: (1) assess the feasibility of the intervention, (2) examine preliminary outcomes, and (3) investigate mechanisms associated with dietary change.
 Methods. NEEP incorporates a combination of nutrition education, goal setting, and mobile technology (i.e., a mobile application for dietary tracking, as well both automated and personalized text-messages). Given the pilot nature of the study, all participants (N=15) received the intervention. Feasibility was assessed through different metrics related to recruitment and adherence to the dietary tracking application, as well as self-report responses regarding acceptability. Preliminary outcomes (i.e., two measures of diet quality) and potential mechanisms of change (i.e., self-efficacy and motivation) were also evaluated using paired sample t-tests. Qualitative interviews were conducted following study participation. Given the emphasis on feasibility with a small sample, all significance tests were set at p <.10, and Hedges g was used to examine effects over time.
 Results. 15 participants were enrolled in the study and 12 participants completed follow-up assessments. Evaluative measures of feasibility suggest that the majority of those who were screened enrolled in this intervention and regularly engaged with the mobile tracking device to record their dietary consumption. In addition, participants enjoyed the intervention and found it to be useful in improving their diet. Preliminary evidence also suggests this intervention may improve diet quality. As such, one indicator of improvement in diet quality was considered significant (Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants- Shortened; p=.084), and both measures of diet quality suggested improvement in diet at the end of the 28-day intervention with small to medium effect sizes (REAP-S g=.44; Heathy Eating Index-2015 g=.69). Contrary to hypotheses, self-efficacy significantly decreased after the intervention (p=.028) and motivation remained relatively stable.
 Conclusion. Results suggest that NEEP is feasible as a low-cost, low-resource mobile intervention that is well-tolerated and may improve diet quality in people with early psychosis; however, mechanisms of change require further exploration.
Mean-field microrheology of a very soft colloidal suspension: inertia induces shear-thickening
Creators: name: Démery, Vincent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Colloidal suspensions have a rich rheology and can exhibit shear-thinning as well as shear-thickening. Numerical simulations recently suggested that shear-thickening may be attributed to the inertia of the colloids, besides the hydrodynamic interactions between them. Here, we consider the ideal limit of a dense bath of soft colloids following an underdamped Langevin dynamics. We use a mean-field equation for the colloidal density to get an analytical expression of the drag force felt by a probe pulled at constant velocity through the suspension. Our results show that inertia can indeed induce shear-thickening by allowing density waves to propagate through the suspension.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures
Using U Spin to Extract gamma from Charmless B -> PPP Decays
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Bhubanjyoti
name: London, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some years ago, a method was proposed for measuring the CP-violating phase gamma using pairs of two-body decays that are related by U-spin reflection (d s). In this paper we adapt this method to charmless B -> PPP decays. Time-dependent Dalitz-plot analyses of these three-body decays are required for the measurement of the mixing-induced CP asymmetries. However, isobar analyses of the decay amplitudes are not necessary. A potential advantage of using three-body decays is that the effects of U-spin breaking may be reduced by averaging over the Dalitz plot. This can be tested independently using the measurements of direct CP asymmetries and branching ratios in three-body charged B decays.
description: 16 pages, no figures; Revised text; Version accepted for publication in JHEP
Neutrino Oscillation Studies with Reactors
Creators: name: Vogel, Petr
name: Wen, Liangjian
name: Zhang, Chao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nuclear reactors are one of the most intense, pure, controllable, cost-effective, and well-understood sources of neutrinos. Reactors have played a major role in the study of neutrino oscillations, a phenomenon that indicates that neutrinos have mass and that neutrino flavors are quantum mechanical mixtures. Over the past several decades reactors were used in the discovery of neutrinos, were crucial in solving the solar neutrino puzzle, and allowed the determination of the smallest mixing angle $θ_{13}$. In the near future, reactors will help to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to solve the puzzling issue of sterile neutrinos.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures
BZLF1, an Epstein–Barr virus immediate–early protein, induces p65 nuclear translocation while inhibiting p65 transcriptional function
Creators: name: Morrison, Thomas E.
name: Kenney, Shannon C.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: We have previously demonstrated that the Epstein-Barr virus immediate-early BZLF1 protein interacts with, and is inhibited by, the NF-kappaB family member p65. However, the effects of BZLF1 on NF-kappaB activity have not been intensively studied. Here we show that BZLF1 inhibits p65-dependent gene expression. BZLF1 inhibited the ability of IL-1, as well as transfected p65, to activate the expression of two different NF-kappaB-responsive genes, ICAM-1 and IkappaB-alpha. BZLF1 also reduced the constitutive level of IkappaB-alpha protein in HeLa and A549 cells, and increased the amount of nuclear NF-kappaB to a similar extent as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) treatment. In spite of this BZLF1-associated increase in the nuclear form of NF-kappaB, BZLF1 did not induce binding of NF-kappaB to NF-kappaB responsive promoters (as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay) in vivo, although TNF-alpha treatment induced NF-kappaB binding as expected. Overexpression of p65 dramatically inhibited the lytic replication cycle of EBV in 293-EBV cells, confirming that NF-kappaB also inhibits BZLF1 transcriptional function. Our results are consistent with a model in which BZLF1 inhibits the transcriptional function of p65, resulting in decreased transcription of IkappaB-alpha, decreased expression of IkappaB-alpha protein, and subsequent translocation of NF-kappaB to the nucleus. This nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB may promote viral latency by negatively regulating BZLF1 transcriptional activity. In situations where p65 activity is limiting in comparison to BZLF1, the ability of BZLF1 to inhibit p65 transcriptional function may protect the virus from the host immune system during the lytic form of infection.
Conformational changes in Sindbis virions resulting from exposure to low pH and interactions with cells suggest that cell penetration may occur at the cell surface in the absence of membrane fusion
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert
name: Hernandez, Raquel
name: Klimstra, William
name: Brown, Dennis
name: Horton, Michelle
name: Saad, Ali
name: Ferreira, Davis
name: Tsuruta, Hiro
name: Chiu, Wah
name: Paredes, Angel
name: Ryman, Kate
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Alphaviruses have the ability to induce cell-cell fusion after exposure to acid pH. This observation has served as an article of proof that these membrane-containing viruses infect cells by fusion of the virus membrane with a host cell membrane upon exposure to acid pH after incorporation into a cell endosome. We have investigated the requirements for the induction of virus-mediated, low pH-induced cell-cell fusion and cell-virus fusion. We have correlated the pH requirements for this process to structural changes they produce in the virus by electron cryo-microscopy. We found that exposure to acid pH was required to establish conditions for membrane fusion but that membrane fusion did not occur until return to neutral pH. Electron cryo-microscopy revealed dramatic changes in the structure of the virion as it was moved to acid pH and then returned to neutral pH. None of these treatments resulted in the disassembly of the virus protein icosahedral shell that is a requisite for the process of virus membrane-cell membrane fusion. The appearance of a prominent protruding structure upon exposure to acid pH and its disappearance upon return to neutral pH suggested that the production of a "pore"-like structure at the fivefold axis may facilitate cell penetration as has been proposed for polio (J. Virol. 74 (2000) 1342) and human rhino virus (Mol. Cell 10 (2002) 317). This transient structural change also provided an explanation for how membrane fusion occurs after return to neutral pH. Examination of virus-cell complexes at neutral pH supported the contention that infection occurs at the cell surface at neutral pH by the production of a virus structure that breaches the plasma membrane bilayer. These data suggest an alternative route of infection for Sindbis virus that occurs by a process that does not involve membrane fusion and does not require disassembly of the virus protein shell.
Excess apoptosis of mononuclear cells contributes to the depressed cytomegalovirus-specific immunity in HIV-infected patients on HAART
Creators: name: Jesser, Renee
name: Wohl, David
name: Weinberg, Adriana
name: Edelstein, Charles
name: Bill, Jerome
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: HIV-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) have persistently decreased cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific proliferative responses [lymphocyte proliferation assay (LPA)] in spite of increases in CD4+ T cell counts. Here we demonstrate an association between apoptosis of unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (uPBMC) and decreased CMV-LPA. HAART recipients had more apoptosis of uPBMC than controls when measured by caspases 3, 8, and 9 activities and by annexin V binding. Patients with undetectable HIV replication maintained significantly higher apoptosis of CD4+ and CD14+ cells compared to controls. CMV-LPA decreased with higher apoptosis of uPBMC in patients only. This association was independent of CD4+ cell counts or HIV replication. Furthermore, rescuing PBMC from apoptosis with crmA, but not with TRAIL- or Fas-pathway blocking agents or with other caspase inhibitors, increased CMV-LPA in HAART recipients. This effect was not observed in uninfected controls, further indicating that the down regulatory effect of apoptosis on cell-mediated immunity (CMI) was specifically associated with the HIV-infected status.
HIV-1 populations in blood and breast milk are similar
Creators: name: Swanstrom, Ronald
name: Cohen, Myron
name: Fiscus, Susan
name: Ping, Li Hua
name: Kazembe, Peter
name: Hoffman, Noah
name: Henderson, Gavin
name: Banda, Topia
name: Kitrinos, Kathryn
name: Martinson, Francis
name: Hoffman, Irving
name: Chilongozi, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breast milk is a significant mechanism of infection in many regions of the world. We compared the HIV-1 populations in paired blood and breast milk samples using a heteroduplex tracking assay (HTA) for the V1/V2 regions of (V1/V2-HTA). V1/V2-HTA patterns were similar in the eight pairs of samples for which adequate template sampling could be demonstrated. No unique variants existed in either compartment, and differences detected in the relative abundance of variants between compartments were small, occurred among low abundance variants, and were not statistically significant. We also documented the impact of template sampling as a limiting feature in comparing two viral populations. The absence of unique variants and the lack of significant differences in the relative abundance of variants between these compartments support the conclusion that viruses in the blood plasma and breast milk are well equilibrated.
(100085) Evelyn A Harrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Inhibition of the stress-activated kinase, p38, does not affect the virus transcriptional program of herpes simplex virus type 1
Creators: name: Hargett, Danna
name: Wagner, Edward
name: Aguilar, J.S.
name: McLean, Tim
name: Bachenheimer, Steven
name: Karaca, Gamze
name: Ghazal, P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: To investigate the impact of stress kinase p38 activation on HSV-1 transcription, we performed a global transcript profile analysis of viral mRNA using an oligonucleotide-based DNA microarray. RNA was isolated from Vero cells infected with the KOS strain of HSV-1 in the presence or absence of SB203580, a pyridinyl imidazole inhibitor of p38. Under conditions that eliminated ATF2 activation but had no effect on c-, and reduced virus yield by 85–90%, no effect on accumulation of viral IE, DE, or L transcripts was observed by array analysis or selected Northern blot analysis at 2, 4, and 6 h post infection. Results of array data from cells infected with the ICP27 mutant d27-1 in the presence or absence of SB203580 only reflected the known restricted transcription phenotype of the ICP27 mutant. This result is consistent with a role for p38 activation on virus replication lying downstream of the essential role of ICP27 in DE and perhaps late transcription regulation. No effect of SB203580 on transcription was detected after infection with the ICP0 mutant 7134, at 0.5 or 5.0 PFU/cell, though decreases in the rate of accumulation of all kinetic classes of mRNA could be detected, relative to virus. These results indicate that inhibiting p38 activity in Vero cells, while significantly reducing virus yield, demonstrated no obvious impact on the program of viral transcription.
(100081) Christopher Gay
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Predictions From High Scale Mixing Unification Hypothesis
Creators: name: Srivastava, Rahul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting with 'High Scale Mixing Unification' hypothesis, we investigate the renormalization group evolution of mixing parameters and masses for both Dirac and Majorana type neutrinos. Following this hypothesis, the PMNS mixing parameters are taken to be identical to the CKM ones at a unifying high scale. Then, they are evolved to a low scale using MSSM renormalization-group equations. For both type of neutrinos, the renormalization group evolution 'naturally' results in a non-zero and small value of leptonic mixing angle $θ_{13}$. One of the important predictions of this analysis is that, in both cases, the mixing angle $θ_{23}$ turns out to be non-maximal for most of the parameter range. We also elaborate on the important differences between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos within our framework and how to experimentally distinguish between the two scenarios. Furthermore, for both cases, we also derive constraints on the allowed parameter range for the SUSY breaking and unification scales, for which this hypothesis works. The results can be tested by present and future experiments.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures, Typos corrected, Reference added, Results and Conclusions unchanged, Contribution to the proceedings of UNICOS-2014
CVD graphene SEM image segmentation
Creators: name: Shah, Aagam
name: Schiller, Joshua
name: Ramos, Isiah
name: Tawfick, Sameh
name: Ertekin, Elif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: bioimage.io
bioimage.io:model
deepimagej
scanning-electron-microscopy
graphene
cvd-graphene
segmentation
unet
2d
tensorflow

description: Download RDF Package
description: This model (2D U-Net) segments grayscale SEM images of graphene into binary masks of pixels that contain graphene (labelled 1) and pixels that do not contain graphene (labelled 0) (Uploaded via https://bioimage.io)
On supersymmetric M-brane configurations with R^{1,1}_{*}/Z_2 submanifold
Creators: name: Ivashchuk, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain new examples of partially supersymmetric M-brane solutions defined on products of Ricci-flat manifolds, which contain two-dimensional Lorentzian submanifold R^{1,1}_{*}/Z_2 with one parallel spinor. The examples belong to the following configurations: M2, M5, M2-M5 and M5-M5. Among them a M2 solution with N =1/32 fractional number of preserved supersymmetries is presented. The examples with three M-branes were considered earlier in our paper with A.A. Golubtsova.
description: 8 pages, LaTeX, no figures, 14 refs. are added
Critical coupling layer thickness for positive or negative Goos-Hänchen shifts near the excitation of backward surface polaritons in Otto-ATR systems
Creators: name: Zeller, Mariana
name: Cuevas, Mauro
name: Depine, Ricardo A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A theoretical analysis of the lateral displacement (Goos-Hänchen shift) of spatially limited beams reflected from Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) devices in the Otto configuration is presented when backward surface plasmon polaritons are excited at the interface between a positive refractive index slab and a semiinfinite metamaterial with negative refractive index. First, the stationary phase approximation and a phenomenological model based on the properties of the complex poles and zeroes of the reflection coefficient are used to demonstrate that: i) the excitation of backward surface waves can lead to both negative and positive (and not exclusively negative) Goos-Hänchen shifts, and ii) the sign of the shift depends on whether the value of the coupling layer thickness is higher or lower than a critical value characteristic of the ATR structure. Second, these findings are verified through rigorous calculations of the spatial structure of the reflected beam. For incident beams with a Gaussian profile, the lateral shift calculated as the first moment of the field distribution of the reflected beam agrees quite well with the predictions of approximate analysis. Near the resonant excitation of the backward surface plasmon polariton, large (negative or positive) Goos-Hänchen shifts are obtained, along with a splitting of the reflected beam.
CVD graphene SEM image segmentation
Creators: name: Shah, Aagam
name: Schiller, Joshua
name: Ramos, Isiah
name: Tawfick, Sameh
name: Ertekin, Elif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: bioimage.io
bioimage.io:model
deepimagej
scanning-electron-microscopy
graphene
cvd-graphene
segmentation
unet
2d
tensorflow

description: Download RDF Package

description: This model (2D U-Net) segments grayscale SEM images of graphene into binary masks of pixels that contain graphene (labelled 1) and pxiels that do not contain graphene (labelled 0) (Uploaded via https://bioimage.io)
Stochastic approach to equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermodynamics
Creators: name: Tomé, Tânia
name: de Oliveira, Mário J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop the stochastic approach to thermodynamics based on the stochastic dynamics, which can be discrete (master equation) continuous (Fokker-Planck equation), and on two assumptions concerning entropy. The first is the definition of entropy itself and the second, the definition of entropy production rate which is nonnegative and vanishes in thermodynamic equilibrium. Based on these assumptions we study interacting systems with many degrees of freedom in equilibrium or out of thermodynamic equilibrium, and how the macroscopic laws are derived from the stochastic dynamics. These studies include the quasi-equilibrium processes, the convexity of the equilibrium surface, the monotonic time behavior of thermodynamic potentials, including entropy, the bilinear form of the entropy production rate, the Onsager coefficients and reciprocal relations, and the nonequilibrium steady states of chemical reactions.
Two-loop master integrals for non-leptonic heavy-to-heavy decays
Creators: name: Huber, Tobias
name: Krankl, Susanne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the two-loop master integrals for non-leptonic heavy-to-heavy decays analytically in a recently-proposed canonical basis. For this genuine two-loop, two-scale problem we first derive a basis for the master integrals that disentangles the kinematics from the space-time dimension in the differential equations, and subsequently solve the latter in terms of iterated integrals up to weight four. The solution constitutes another valuable example of the finding of a canonical basis for two-loop master integrals that have two different internal masses, and assumes a form that is ideally suited for a subsequent convolution with the light-cone distribution amplitude in the framework of QCD factorisation.
description: 31 pages, 3 figures. v2: Minor modifications (typos etc.), matches published version
(100082) Robert Harrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Study on linear canonical transformation in a framework of a phase space representation of quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Andriambololona, Raoelina
name: Ranaivoson, Ravo Tokiniaina
name: Rakotoson, Hanitriarivo
name: Solofoarisina, Wilfrid Chrysante
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a study on linear canonical transformation in the framework of a phase space representation of quantum mechanics that we have introduced in our previous work [1]. We begin with a brief recall about the so called phase space representation. We give the definition of linear canonical transformation with the transformation law of coordinate and momentum operators. We establish successively the transformation laws of mean values, dispersions, basis state and wave functions.Then we introduce the concept of isodispersion linear canonical transformation.
description: 8 pages
Challenges and opportunities for statistics and statistical education: looking back, looking forward
Creators: name: Horton, Nicholas Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Other Statistics (stat.OT)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The 175th anniversary of the ASA provides an opportunity to look back into the past and peer into the future. What led our forebears to found the association? What commonalities do we still see? What insights might we glean from their experiences and observations? I will use the anniversary as a chance to reflect on where we are now and where we are headed in terms of statistical education amidst the growth of data science. Statistics is the science of learning from data. By fostering more multivariable thinking, building data-related skills, and developing simulation-based problem solving, we can help to ensure that statisticians are fully engaged in data science and the analysis of the abundance of data now available to us.
description: In press: The American Statistician
On the Hölder and Cauchy--Schwarz inequalities
Creators: name: Pinelis, Iosif
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26D15

description: A generalization of the Hölder inequality is considered. Its relations with a previously obtained improvement of the Cauchy--Schwarz inequality are discussed.
description: 3 pages; to appear in The Amer. Math. Monthly. Version 2: refs. [1,2] added
(100083) Mary Ann Harrison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Fake News und manipulierte Meinungsbildung
Creators: name: Reuter, Christian
Publisher: name: Mercator Science-Policy Fellowship-Programm
Year: 2022

description: Konsequentes Vorgehen von Behörden gegen gezielte Falschnachrichten – das wünscht sich laut einer repräsentativen Studie eine große Mehrheit der Bevölkerung in Deutschland. Das Fachgebiet Wissenschaft und Technik für Frieden und Sicherheit (PEASEC) der Technischen Universität Darmstadt fragte unter anderem danach, wie Bürgerinnen und Bürger Fake News wahrnehmen und auf sie reagieren und welche Gegenmaßnahmen als sinnvoll erachtet werden.
Multiple signal transducers and activators of transcription are induced by EBV LMP-1
Creators: name: Zhang, Luwen
name: Zhang, Jun
name: Pagano, Joseph
name: Hong, Ke
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) is required for EBV immortalization of primary B cells in vitro. Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) play a pivotal role in the initiation and maintenance of certain cancers. STAT proteins, especially STAT-1, -3, and -5, are persistently tyrosine phosphorylated or activated in many cancers. We show here that EBV-infected type III latency cells, in which the EBV oncoprotein, LMP-1 is expressed, express high levels of four STATs (STAT-1, -2, -3, and -5A) and that LMP-1 is responsible for the induction of three (STAT-1, -2, and -3). In addition, the C-terminal activator region 1 (CTAR-1) and CTAR-2 of LMP-1 cooperatively induced the expression of STAT-1. The cooperativity was evident when CTAR-1 and CTAR-2 were present in , but not in . Furthermore, NF-κB is an essential factor involved in the induction of STAT-1. Most of the induced STATs were not phosphorylated at the critical tyrosine residue activated by many cytokines. However, the induced STATs, at least STAT-1, were functional because it could be activated by interferon (IFN) and could upregulate an IFN-inducible gene. Finally, expression of STAT-1, but not STAT-2 and -3, is associated with EBV transformation. The association of the expression of STAT-1, -2, -3, and -5A with EBV type III latency and the expression of STAT-1 in the EBV transformation process may be part of the viral programming that regulates viral latency and cellular transformation.
Mechanism of action and resistant profile of anti-HIV-1 coumarin derivatives
Creators: name: Yu, Donglei
name: Yuan, Xiong
name: Huang, Li
name: Chen, Chin Ho
name: Lee, K.H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: Dicamphanoyl khellactone (DCK) is a coumarin derivative that can potently inhibit HIV-1 replication. DCK does not inhibit RNA-dependent DNA synthesis. However, an HIV reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor-resistant strain, HIV-1/RTMDR1, is resistant to DCK. Thus, it is possible that HIV-1 RT is the target of DCK. To test this possibility, DCK-resistant viruses were selected in the presence of DCK. Our results indicate that a single amino acid mutation, E138K in HIV-1 RT, is sufficient to confer DCK resistance. Interestingly, a DCK derivative, 3'R,4'R-Di-O-(-)-camphanoyl-2-ethyl-2',2'-dimethyldihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromo ne (DCP8), is effective against HIV-1/RTMDR1. However, the DCK-escape virus carrying the E138K mutation remains resistant to DCP8. Since DCK did not inhibit the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT when using poly-rA or poly-rC as template, we evaluated the effect of DCK on the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT. Our results indicate that DCK can inhibit the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT. In conclusion, DCK is a unique HIV-1 RT inhibitor that inhibits the DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity. In contrast, DCK did not significantly affect the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity when poly-rA or poly-rC was used as templates. An E138K mutation in the non-nucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) binding pocket of HIV-1 RT confers resistance to DCK and its chromone derivative, DCP8.
title: Literature Review - Linking Volunteering and Social Cohesion: Causal Evidence in the UK and Beyond
Creators: name: Abrams, Dominic
name: Horsham, Zoe
name: Davies, Ben
Publisher: name: University of Kent and Belong Network
Year: 2023

description: This review, conducted with Belong for the UK DCMS (Department for Digital,Culture, Media and Sport) systematically assesses the academic and grey literatures on the relationship between social cohesion (including social capital) and volunteering. It first considers definitions and ways of evaluating cohesion and volunteering, then examines evidence on how each can influence the other. The review also considers the role of relevant demographic factors in volunteering and barriers to volunteer recruitment. Evidence is drawn from a broad literature focusing primarily on evidence in the US and UK from the year 2000 onwards to determine both what may be generalisable and what might be specific to different contexts. From an initial trawl of over 400,000 items of evidence, we identified 101 that could directly address the causal relationships between volunteering and cohesion. We conclude that there is a bi-directional causal relationship, that the impact of formal volunteering is greater than that of informal volunteering on social cohesion, and that barriers to either cohesion or volunteering may adversely affect the other.
(100079) Alfred Williams
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Perturbative extraction of gravitational waveforms generated with Numerical Relativity
Creators: name: Nakano, H.
name: Healy, J.
name: Lousto, C. O.
name: Zlochower, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive an analytical expression for extracting the gravitational waveforms at null infinity using the Weyl scalar $ψ_4$ measured at a finite radius. Our expression is based on a series solution in orders of 1/r to the equations for gravitational perturbations about a spinning black hole. We compute this expression to order $1/r^2$ and include the spin parameter $a$ of the Kerr background. We test the accuracy of this extraction procedure by measuring the waveform for a merging black-hole binary at ten different extraction radii (in the range r/M=75-190) and for three different resolutions in the convergence regime. We find that the extraction formula provides a set of values for the radiated energy and momenta that at finite extraction radii converges towards the expected values with increasing resolution, which is not the case for the `raw' waveform at finite radius. We also examine the phase and amplitude errors in the waveform as a function of observer location and again observe the benefits of using our extraction formula. The leading corrections to the phase are ${\cal O}(1/r)$ and to the amplitude are ${\cal O}(1/r^2)$. This method provides a simple and practical way of estimating the waveform at infinity, and may be especially useful for scenarios such as well separated binaries, where the radiation zone is far from the sources, that would otherwise require extended simulation grids in order to extrapolate the `raw' waveform to infinity. Thus this method saves important computational resources and provides an estimate of errors.
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, Revtex4-1 Added several references and strain figures
Some people have all the luck
Creators: name: Arratia, Richard
name: Garibaldi, Skip
name: Mower, Lawrence
name: Stark, Philip B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91A60 (Primary), 97K80 (Secondary)

description: We look at the Florida Lottery records of winners of prizes worth $600 or more. Some individuals claimed large numbers of prizes. Were they lucky, or up to something? We distinguish the "plausibly lucky" from the "implausibly lucky" by solving optimization problems that take into account the particular games each gambler won, where plausibility is determined by finding the minimum expenditure so that if every Florida resident spent that much, the chance that any of them would win as often as the gambler did would still be less than one in a million. Dealing with dependent bets relies on the BKR inequality; solving the optimization problem numerically relies on the log-concavity of the regularized Beta function. Subsequent investigation by law enforcement confirmed that the gamblers we identified as "implausibly lucky" were indeed behaving illegally.
description: v2 adds more details about the application of the BKR inequality
Libri, memoria e territorio: la digital library di Carlo Alberto
Creators: name: Marras, Anna Maria
name: Bolioli, Andrea
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Digital library
NLP
Text mining
Digitalization
GLAM
Community
Internet Archive
Digital Humanities
AIUCD

description: Between 2017 and 2018, a project for the restoration and redevelopment of the library of Charles Albert of Savoy at the Royal Castle of Racconigi, financed by the Compagnia di San Paolo Foundation, was carried out under the title "The recovery of the Carlo-Albertine Library, a meeting place between the public and private life of the sovereign" conceived and implemented by the Association Le Terre dei Savoia, in collaboration with the management of the Castle of Racconigi and the Piedmont Regional Museums Directorate (formerly Polo Museale del Piemonte). In addition to the restoration of the physical library, the project included the creation of a small digital library called the 'Library of Carlo Alberto', whose website can be consulted at https://www.bibliocarloalberto.it/. Tra il 2017 e il 2018 è stato realizzato un progetto di restauro e riqualificazione della biblioteca di Carlo Alberto di Savoia presso il Castello Reale di Racconigi, finanziato dalla Fondazione Compagnia di San Paolo, dal titolo “Il recupero della Biblioteca carloalbertina, luogo d’incontro tra vita pubblica e privata del sovrano” ideato e realizzato dall’Associazione Le Terre dei Savoia, in collaborazione con la direzione del Castello di Racconigi e la Direzione Regionale Musei Piemonte (precedentemente Polo Museale del Piemonte). Oltre al restauro della biblioteca fisica, il progetto ha incluso la creazione di una piccola digital library denominata la “Biblioteca di Carlo Alberto”, il cui sito web è consultabile all’indirizzo https://www.bibliocarloalberto.it/.
Serotype-specific replicating AAV helper constructs increase recombinant AAV type 2 vector production
Creators: name: Samulski, R. Jude
name: Li, Chengwen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2005

description: One of the major limitations of the use of adeno-associated virus (AAV) as a tool for gene therapy is the difficulty in providing sufficient quantities of the virus for pre-clinical and clinical trials. Here, we report a novel approach for amplifying AAV helper functions, which mimics the normal replication of wild type (wt) AAV resulting in a high yield of AAV vectors. Cotransfection of replicating but non-packaging AAV helper constructs in the presence of adenovirus (Ad) produces a high level of Rep and Cap proteins. Yield of AAV2/GFP vector obtained from this helper DNA replication system was approximately 20-fold higher than traditional methods. Molecular analysis suggested that virus yield was associated with capsid protein production. The transfection ratio was optimized using these novel helper constructs, resulting in an additional 2-fold increase in vector yield without presence of replication competent AAV (rcAAV). This strategy supports development of AAV packaging systems that retain normal virus replication capability without helper virus encapsidation.
title: Rapid Review: Measuring Social Cohesion
Creators: name: Abrams, Dominic
name: Davies, Ben
name: Horsham, Zoe
Publisher: name: University of Kent and Belong Network
Year: 2023

description: This rapid review conducted for Dame Sara Khan's Independent Review of Social Cohesion and Resilience, collates and synthesises a wide collection of measures used to capture social cohesion within the UK. We review measures used across 23 different data sources, taken from the academic and grey literatures, and from several large-scale social surveys administered in the UK. We draw on the British Academy's prior reviews on Cohesive Societies to provide the conceptual framework. Across the different sources we identified 300 different measurement items and 23 different aspects of cohesion, which we organised into the six themes of trust, identity, local connections, prejudice and intergroup relations, politics and social order, and external indicators. We identified limitations in the existing measurement array. These include inconsistency of operationalisation, levels of locality, and comparability across time and place. We recommend greater attention to ensuring both intergroup and intragroup aspects are measured, that change over time is assessed more systematically, and that measures at different levels of geographical scale are coordinated using a layered approach to optimise both frequency and coverage.
Baboon model for West Nile Virus infection and vaccine evaluation
Creators: name: White, Gary
name: Chavez-Suarez, Maria
name: Sakalian, Michael
name: Wolf, Roman
name: Dittmer, Dirk
name: Hines-Boykin, Rebecca
name: Papin, James
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Animal models that closely mimic the human condition are of paramount significance to study pathogenic mechanisms, vaccine and therapy scenarios. This is particularly true for investigations that involve emerging infectious diseases. Nonhuman primate species represent an alternative to the more intensively investigated rodent animal models and in a number of instances have been shown to represent a more reliable predictor of the human response to infection. West Nile virus (WNV) has emerged as a new pathogen in the Americas. It has a 5% fatality rate, predominantly in the elderly and immune compromised. Typically, infections are cleared by neutralizing antibodies, which suggests that a vaccine would be efficacious. Previously, only macaques had been evaluated as a primate model for WNV vaccine design. The macaques did not develop WNV disease nor express the full complement of IgG subclasses that is found in humans. We therefore explored baboons, which exhibit the similar four IgG subclasses observed in humans as a new model for WNV infection and vaccine evaluation. In this present report, we describe the experimental infection of baboons with WNV and test the efficacy of an inactivated WNV vaccination strategy. All experimentally infected animals developed transient viremia and subsequent neutralizing antibodies. Anti-WNV IgM antibodies peaked at 20 days post-infection. Anti-WNV IgG antibodies appeared later and persisted past 60 days. Prior vaccination with chemically inactivated virus induced neutralizing titers and a fast, high titer IgG recall response, which resulted in lower viremia upon challenge. This report is the first to describe the development of the baboon model for WNV experimental infection and the utility of this model to characterize the immunologic response against WNV and a candidate WNV vaccine.