cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Kinetic analysis of a chiral granular motor
Creators: name: Talbot, Julian
name: Burdeau, Alexis
name: Viot, Pascal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the properties of a heterogeneous, chiral granular rotor that is capable of performing useful work when immersed in a bath of thermalized particles. The dynamics can be obtained in general from a numerical solution of the Boltzmann-Lorentz equation. We show that a mechanical approach gives the exact mean angular velocity in the limit of an infinitely massive rotor. We examine the dependence of the mean angular velocity on the coefficients of restitution of the two materials composing the motor. We compute the power and efficiency and compare with numerical simulations. We also perform a realistic numerical simulation of a granular rotor which shows that the presence of non uniformity of the bath density within the region where the motor rotates, and that the ratchet effect is slightly weakened, but qualitatively sustained. Finally we discuss the results in connection with recent experiments.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures
Acoustic Emission Spectroscopy: Applications in Geomaterials and Related Materials
Creators: name: Salje, Ekhard K. H.
name: Jiang, Xiang
name: Eckstein, Jack
name: Wang, Lei
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: acoustic emission
geoscience
fracture
avalanches
crackling noise

description: As a non-destructive testing technology with fast response and high resolution, acoustic emission is widely used in material monitoring. The material deforms under stress and releases elastic waves. The wave signals are received by piezoelectric sensors and converted into electrical signals for rapid storage and analysis. Although the acoustic emission signal is not the original stress signal inside the material, the typical statistical distributions of acoustic emission energy and waiting time between signals are not affected by signal conversion. In this review, we first introduce acoustic emission technology and its main parameters. Then, the relationship between the exponents of power law distributed AE signals and material failure state is reviewed. The change of distribution exponent reflects the transition of the material’s internal failure from a random and uncorrelated state to an interrelated state, and this change can act as an early warning of material failure. The failure process of materials is often not a single mechanism, and the interaction of multiple mechanisms can be reflected in the probability density distribution of the AE energy. A large number of examples, including acoustic emission analysis of biocemented geological materials, hydroxyapatite (human teeth), sandstone creep, granite, and sugar lumps are introduced. Finally, some supplementary discussions are made on the applicability of Båth’s law.
Shielding of absorbing objects in collisionless flowing plasma
Creators: name: Tyshetskiy, Yuriy
name: Vladimirov, Sergey V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electrostatic shielding of a charged absorbing object (dust grain) in a flowing collisionless plasma is investigated by using the linearized kinetic equation for plasma ions with a point-sink term accounting for ion absorption on the object. The effect of absorption on the attractive part of the grain potential is investigated. For subthermal ion flows, the attractive part of the grain potential in the direction perpendicular to the ion flow can be significantly reduced or completely destroyed, depending on the absorption rate. For superthermal ion flows, however, the effect of absorption on the grain attraction in the direction perpendicular to the ion flow is shown to be exponentially weak. It is thus argued that, in the limit of superthermal ion flow, the effect of absorption on the grain shielding potential can be safely ignored for typical grain sizes relevant to complex plasmas.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures
Inclusive History:How City Museums Adapt to Significant Demographic Changes in their Communities
Creators: name: Toth, Emese R
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: City museums and local history museums are responsible for collecting, preserving, interpreting, exhibiting, and centering programs on the growth and change of their cities. This research study examines the methods museums use to respond to significant shifts in the ethnic demographics of their city, and how these changes are reflected in their collecting policy and practices, interpretation of artifacts and archival materials, exhibits, and programs. My research is divided into three components that when combined provide insight on the ways museums have adapted to shifts in the ethnic demographics of their communities, and strategies that can be used to begin or continue to adapt today. I begin by analyzing how objects, interpretation and voice, and the political nature of museums (from their inception to today) inform their purpose and impact the execution of that purpose. Building on this foundation I expand on the research through an applied hands-on case study conducted at a local city museum. I examine the museum’s history of inclusiveness as a reflection of its collecting policy and practice, exhibits, and programs, and also determine the attitudes of museum leadership and active community members towards common museum practices for inclusion and participation through surveys and a focus group. My hope is that the information gathered in this study will help museums critically reflect on institutional bias and the inherent power of their spaces. By finding ways to form and nurture authentic relationships with members in their communities, museums can co-create spaces where identity is negotiated and people have access to the resources they need to become empowered.
The Contribution of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) to the Concept of Nearly Zero-Energy Cities in Europe: Potential and Challenges Ahead
Creators: name: Gholami, Hassan
name: Nils Røstvik, Harald
name: Steemers, Koen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV)
nearly zero-energy cities (NZEB)
building envelope materials
energy resources
sustainable urban energy planning
urban energy transition
positive energy district
literature review

description: The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the contributions of building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) systems to the notion of nearly zero-energy cities in the capitals of the European Union member states (EU), Norway, and Switzerland. Moreover, an in-depth investigation of the barriers and challenges ahead of the widespread rollout of BIPV technology is undertaken. This study investigates the scalability of the nearly zero-energy concept using BIPV technology in moving from individual buildings to entire cities. This study provide a metric for architects and urban planners that can be used to assess how much of the energy consumed by buildings in Europe could be supplied by BIPV systems when installed as building envelope materials on the outer skins of buildings. The results illustrate that by 2030, when buildings in the EU become more energy-efficient and the efficiency of BIPV systems will have improved considerably, BIPV envelope materials will be a reasonable option for building skins and will help in achieving nearly zero-energy cities. This study reveals that in the EU, taking a building skin to building net surface area ratio of 0.78 and a building skin glazing ratio of 30%, buildings could cover their electricity consumption using BIPV systems by 2030. Eighteen challenges and barriers to the extensive rollout of BIPV systems are recognised, classified, and discussed in this study in detail. The challenges are categorised into five stages, namely the decision, design, implementation, operation and maintenance, and end of life challenges.
Quantitative study of quasi-one-dimensional Bose gas experiments via the stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation
Creators: name: Cockburn, S. P.
name: Gallucci, D.
name: Proukakis, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii equation is shown to be an excellent model for quasi-one-dimensional Bose gas experiments, accurately reproducing the in situ density profiles recently obtained in the experiments of Trebbia et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 250403 (2006)] and van Amerongen et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 090402 (2008)], and the density fluctuation data reported by Armijo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 230402 (2010)]. To facilitate such agreement, we propose and implement a quasi-one-dimensional stochastic equation for the low-energy, axial modes, while atoms in excited transverse modes are treated as independent ideal Bose gases.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures; updated figures with experimental data
Simple stellar population models including blue stragglers
Creators: name: Xin, Yu
name: Deng, Licai
name: de Grijs, Richard
name: Kroupa, Pavel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations show that nearly all star clusters and stellar populations contain blue straggler stars (BSs). BSs in a cluster can significantly enhance the integrated spectrum of the host population, preferentially at short wavelengths, and render it much bluer in photometric colours. Current theoretical simple stellar population (SSP) models constructed within the traditional framework of single and binary stellar evolution cannot fully account for the impact of these objects on the integrated spectral properties of stellar populations. Using conventional SSP models without taking into account BS contributions may significantly underestimate a cluster's age and/or metallicity, simply because one has to balance the observed bluer colours (or a bluer spectrum) with a younger age and/or a lower metallicity. Therefore, inclusion of BS contributions in SSP models is an important and necessary improvement for population synthesis and its applications. Here, we present a new set of SSP models, which include BS contributions based on our analysis of individual star clusters. The models cover the wavelength range from 91~Å to 160~$μ$m, ages from 0.1 to 20 Gyr and metallicities $Z=0.0004, 0.004, 0.008, 0.02$ (solar) and 0.05. We use the observed integrated spectra of several Magellanic Cloud star clusters to cross-check and validate our models. The results show that the age predictions from our models are closer to those from isochrone fitting in the clusters' colour-magnitude diagrams compared to age predictions based on standard SSP models.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS
High impedance fault detection in power distribution systems with impedance-based methods in frequency domain
Creators: name: Liang, Zhibang
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: High Impedance Faults (HIFs) in electrical distribution systems generally present serious public safety hazards, utility liability problems and equipment damage due to a risk of arcing ignition of fires. However, it is extremely difficult to detect HIFs in electrical distribution systems by conventional overcurrent relays or fuses because they do not generate enough fault current to be detectable. This thesis presents a new detection scheme for HIFs in electrical distribution systems based on observing the harmonic content in the one-sided amplitude spectrum of the impedance. The proposed new HIF detection algorithm can distinguish HIF events from other non-fault events with current waveforms that similar to HIF current waveforms. Four simulation cases have been tested in this thesis to verify the new HIF detection algorithm. The simulation results indicate a potential ability to establish a high impedance fault detection function block in BC Hydro’s distribution system protective devices.
Perceived causes of mental illness and views on appropriate care pathways among Indonesians
Creators: name: Anjara, Sabrina Gabrielle
name: Brayne, Carol
name: Van Bortel, Tine
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research
Colonial society
Colonial mental health care
Low and middle-income countries
Public perception
Mental health perceptions
Qualitative study
Indonesia

description: Abstract: Background: The mental health system in Indonesia comprises attempts to modernise a colonial relic. There is still a disconnect between available services and help-seeking behaviours at the grassroots level. This study aims to explore the perceptions of Javanese people on the aetiology of mental illness and their ideas on how to deal with individuals who may have mental illness. Methods: This qualitative study involves semi-structured interviews, embedded in a cluster randomised trial examining the clinical and cost-effectiveness of primary mental health services. Interviews were conducted with Indonesian and Javanese. The recruitment procedure was aligned to the trial. Participants were primary care patients recruited from 21 sites across Yogyakarta province. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and translated into English. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview transcripts. Results: 75 participants took part in the study: 51 women (68%) and 24 men (32%). Key themes emerged around perceived causes of mental health problems (including ‘extrinsic factors’; ‘intrinsic factors’; and ‘spiritual factors’), and perceived appropriate pathways of care (‘modern medical science’; ‘social support and activities’; and ‘religious or spiritual interventions’). Gender potentially influenced some of the responses. Conclusions: Themes indicate the variety of preconceptions towards mental health problems and assumptions regarding the best management pathways. Some of these preconceptions and assumptions support the utility of modern medical care, while the rest promote spiritual or religious healers. Participants’ ideas of the appropriate care pathways largely correspond to their perception of what the symptoms are caused by. Despite hints to some understanding of the bio-psycho-social model of mental illness, most participants did not capture the complexity of mental health and illness, indicating the importance of contextual (especially culturally and religiously-aligned) public education around mental health, illness and care.
Validity Evidence for Use of the Ontario Bronchoscopy Assessment Tool in Simulated Settings
Creators: name: Nelson, Darlene R
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: The purpose of this study was to gather validity evidence for use of the Ontario Bronchoscopy Assessment Tool (OBAT) to assess the technical skills of pulmonary fellows in a high fidelity (cadaver and VR) simulated setting. The Ontario Bronchoscopy Assessment Tool was developed to assess clinical competence of trainees in bronchoscopy. Validity evidence for this tool has been demonstrated in clinical settings. The initial validation study of the OBAT did not assess interrater reliability. There is no validity data for the OBAT in simulated settings. First-year pulmonary fellows were recruited during a regional bronchoscopy workshop. All participants were assessed by two raters on the technical portion of the OBAT while performing bronchoscopy on a cadaver at three different task stations. Scores from the two raters were compared to determine interrater reliability. A G study was performed to assess sources of variance in the OBAT scores. At the end of the course fellows were asked to perform an additional bronchoscopy on a virtual reality (VR) bronchoscopy simulator. Each of the fellows was assessed by two raters using the OBAT and the BSTAT. Interrater reliability (IRR) was calculated as intraclass correlation (ICC).The relationship between OBAT and BSTAT scores were calculated using Pearson’s correlations. Internal consistency of the OBAT was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha. Sixty-nine observations were performed for 42 fellows. The IRR on the technical portion of the OBAT was 0.61, p<0.001. The generalizability study demonstrated a G-coefficient of 0.56 across the 3 stations. Variance attributed to the fellows was 11.2%, station was 25.9% and the interaction of fellows with raters nested in stations (fr:s) was 27.6%. The Pearson’s correlation between the technical portion of the OBAT and BSTAT scores on the VR simulator across 15 fellows was r = 0.62, p=0.014. The technical portion of the OBAT demonstrated good IRR in a high fidelity (cadaver) simulated setting. G-study results suggest the need for repeated observations across different tasks to obtain a stable estimate of skills.
Planets in evolved binary systems
Creators: name: Perets, Hagai B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Exoplanets are typically thought to form in protoplanetary disks left over from protostellar disk of their newly formed host star. However, additional planetary formation and evolution routes may exist in old evolved binary systems. Here we discuss the implications of binary stellar evolution on planetary systems. In these binary systems stellar evolution could lead to the formation of symbiotic stars, where mass is lost from one star and could be transferred to its binary companion, and may form an accretion disk around it. This raises the possibility that such a disk could provide the necessary environment for the formation of a new, second generation of planets in both circumstellar or circumbinary configurations. Pre-existing first generation planets surviving the post-MS evolution of such systems would be dynamically effected by the mass loss in the systems and may also interact with the newly formed disk. Second generation planetary systems should be typically found in white dwarf binary systems, and may show various observational signatures. Most notably, second generation planets could form in environment which are inaccessible, or less favorable, for first generation planets. The orbital phase space available for the second generation planets could be forbidden (in terms of the system stability) to first generation planets in the pre-evolved progenitor binaries. Observations of exo-planets in such forbidden or unfavorable regions could possibly serve to uniquely identify their second generation character. Finally, we point out a few observed candidate second generation planetary systems, including Gl 86, HD 27442 and all of the currently observed circumbinary planet candidates. A second generation origin for these systems could naturally explain their unique configurations.
description: Invited review for the proceedings of the "Planetary Systems beyond the Main Sequence" conference, Bamberg Germany. Part of PlanetsbeyondMS/2010 proceedings http://arxiv.org/html/1011.6606
Are we asking the right questions? Working with the LGBTQ+ community to prioritise healthcare research themes
Creators: name: Crowe, Sally
name: Barker, Eleanor
name: Roberts, Meg
name: Lloyd, Lucy
name: De Barros, Clara M.
name: Rebelo-Harris, Ben
name: Meads, Catherine
name: Saunders, Catherine L.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Research Article
Research priority setting
LGBT (Q+)
Public involvement
Research priorities
Rapid review

description: Abstract: Background: Conversations about research priorities with members of the public are rarely designed specifically to include people who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ+) and are not researchers. Methods: Generally, to address this gap, and specifically, to inform future research for CLS, we carried out a rapid review of published research priority sets covering LGBTQ+ topics, and an online workshop to prioritise identified themes. Results: Rapid review: results. The rapid review identified 18 LGBTQ+ research priority sets. Some focussed on specific populations such as women or men, younger or older people or people living within families. Five addressed transgender and gender non- conforming populations. All of the research priority sets originated from English-speaking, high and middle-income countries (UK, US, Canada, and Australia), and date from 2016 onwards. Prioritization approaches were wide-ranging from personal commentary to expert workshops and surveys. Participants involved in setting priorities mostly included research academics, health practitioners and advocacy organisations, two studies involved LGBTQ+ public in their process. Research priorities identified in this review were then grouped into themes which were prioritised during the workshop. Workshop: results. For the workshop, participants were recruited using local (Cambridge, UK) LGBTQ+ networks and a national advert to a public involvement in research matching website to take part in an online discussion workshop. Those that took part were offered payment for their time in preparing for the workshop and taking part. Participants personal priorities and experiences contributed to a consensus development process and a final ranked list of seven research themes and participants’ experiences of healthcare, mental health advocacy, care homes, caring responsibilities, schools and family units added additional context. Conclusions: From the workshop the three research themes prioritised were: healthcare services delivery, prevention, and particular challenges / intersectionality of multiple challenges for people identifying as LGBTQ+. Research themes interconnected in many ways and this was demonstrated by the comments from workshop participants. This paper offers insights into why these priorities were important from participants’ perspectives and detail about how to run an inclusive and respectful public involvement research exercise. On a practical level these themes will directly inform future research direction for CLS.
The geometric stability of Voronoi diagrams with respect to small changes of the sites
Creators: name: Reem, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: F.2.2; G.0; I.3.5
subject: 46N99, 68U05, 46B20, 65D18

description: Voronoi diagrams appear in many areas in science and technology and have numerous applications. They have been the subject of extensive investigation during the last decades. Roughly speaking, they are a certain decomposition of a given space into cells, induced by a distance function and by a tuple of subsets called the generators or the sites. Consider the following question: does a small change of the sites, e.g., of their position or shape, yield a small change in the corresponding Voronoi cells? This question is by all means natural and fundamental, since in practice one approximates the sites either because of inexact information about them, because of inevitable numerical errors in their representation, for simplification purposes and so on, and it is important to know whether the resulting Voronoi cells approximate the real ones well. The traditional approach to Voronoi diagrams, and, in particular, to (variants of) this question, is combinatorial. However, it seems that there has been a very limited discussion in the geometric sense (the shape of the cells), mainly an intuitive one, without proofs, in Euclidean spaces. We formalize this question precisely, and then show that the answer is positive in the case of R^d, or, more generally, in (possibly infinite dimensional) uniformly convex normed spaces, assuming there is a common positive lower bound on the distance between the sites. Explicit bounds are given, and we allow infinitely many sites of a general form. The relevance of this result is illustrated using several pictures and many real-world and theoretical examples and counterexamples.
description: 30 pages (13 pages in appendices); a few corrections and additions, mainly regarding the references and the counterexamples; minor additional modifications; Theorem 8.13 and the figures were slightly improved; a modification of this paper will appear in SoCG 2011
Mechanisms Underlying Motivational Dysfunction in Schizophrenia
Creators: name: Saleh, Youssuf
name: Jarratt-Barnham, Isaac
name: Fernandez-Egea, Emilio
name: Husain, Masud
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Neuroscience
effort-based decision making
motivated action selection
apathy
schizophrenia
negative symptom
reward based learning

description: Negative symptoms are a debilitating feature of schizophrenia which are often resistant to pharmacological intervention. The mechanisms underlying them remain poorly understood, and diagnostic methods rely on phenotyping through validated questionnaires. Deeper endo-phenotyping is likely to be necessary in order to improve current understanding. In the last decade, valuable behavioural insights have been gained through the use of effort-based decision making (EBDM) tasks. These have highlighted impairments in reward-related processing in schizophrenia, particularly associated with negative symptom severity. Neuroimaging investigations have related these changes to dysfunction within specific brain networks including the ventral striatum (VS) and frontal brain regions. Here, we review the behavioural and neural evidence associated with negative symptoms, shedding light on potential underlying mechanisms and future therapeutic possibilities. Findings in the literature suggest that schizophrenia is characterised by impaired reward based learning and action selection, despite preserved hedonic responses. Associations between amotivation and reward-processing deficits have not always been clear, and may be mediated by factors including cognitive dysfunction or dysfunctional or self-defeatist beliefs. Successful endo-phenotyping of negative symptoms as a function of objective behavioural and neural measurements is crucial in advancing our understanding of this complex syndrome. Additionally, transdiagnostic research–leveraging findings from other brain disorders, including neurological ones–can shed valuable light on the possible common origins of motivation disorders across diseases and has important implications for future treatment development.
Using EMA to Evaluate Companionship, Mood, & Helping Behavior in a Sample of Racial/Ethnic Minority Youth
Creators: name: Miller, Alysa N
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Using data collected via ecological momentary assessment (EMA), this work considers the questions of with whom low-income, racial/ethnic minority youth spend their time and how this relates to mood and prosocial behavior. Data for this study were collected during the summer of 2016 from a sample 50 of low-income youth living in Chicago. l. The sample is 56% female, 82% Black, 18% Latino, and the average age was 14.98 years (SD = .73). During the one-week assessment period, youth were asked to carry a smartphone and respond to EMAs five times each day (for a total of 35 assessments per youth). At each assessment, youth indicated who they were with (e.g. parent, peer), prosocial behaviors engaged in over the past three hours (e.g. In the past three hours have you helped someone?), and current mood (anxious, depressed, happy, stressed, and sleepy). Descriptive results show youth most often reported being with their mother (43%) or at least one sibling (43%) during the assessments. Multilevel modeling, where companionship indicators were decomposed into between- and within-person components, were used to estimate relationships with mood and helping behavior. Results revealed that youth were happier when with friends compared to times when they were not with friends. Youth were more likely to report helping someone when with mom or extended family, and less likely to report helping someone when with dad. In-the-moment assessment strategies offer nuanced understanding of how and with whom youth spend their time. This is critical for developing targeted intervention and prevention programs to support healthy youth development.
Vestibular, proprioceptive, and cutaneous reflex modulation explored through a height-induced postural threat
Creators: name: Horslen, Brian Christopher
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2016

description: Context-dependent threats to standing balance have long been known to affect fear and anxiety about falling, as well as static, dynamic reactive, and anticipatory control of upright standing balance. While the neural mechanisms underlying changes in balance behaviours are not yet understood, changes in balance-relevant sensory-motor interactions have been suggested as a possible means to alter balance behaviours with threat. The purpose of this thesis was to understand how different balance-relevant sensory systems are affected by threats to standing balance. Four studies are presented in this thesis which each address the effects of postural threat on a different balance-relevant sensory reflex. Height-induced postural threat was employed in all studies included in this thesis to manipulate balance threat or challenge; participants stood at, or away from the edge of a hydraulic lift which was elevated to different heights, to create LOW and HIGH threat conditions. The first study revealed that the gain and coupling of balance responses to electrical vestibular stimulation was increased in the HIGH, compared to LOW threat conditions. The second study demonstrated increases in muscle spindle stretch reflexes, and steeper dynamic gain relationships between stretch velocities and short-latency reflex amplitudes with HIGH postural threat. The third study validated a novel technique for probing Golgi tendon organ Ib reflexes in standing, and used this technique to demonstrate reduced Ib inhibition in an ankle plantar flexor muscle with increased threat. The fourth study examined lower-limb muscle reflexes, as well as cortical potentials to cutaneous nerve electrical stimulation. While cutaneous reflexes were not observed to change independently from background muscle activity, cortical potentials were affected by threat at stages which may represent altered primary and/or secondary somatosensory, as well as posterior parietal processing. Combined, these studies suggest people respond to height-induced postural threat with a multi-sensory adaptation process where balance-relevant muscular and vestibular senses are tuned to facilitate reactive responses to balance disturbances and/or sensory monitoring of postural state. These novel results provide important insight into neural mechanisms underlying the effects of fear and anxiety on human balance control, and have important implications for clinical balance and neurophysiological testing.
The Effects of Spaced Practice on Foreign Language Vocabulary Learning
Creators: name: Szawara, Anna
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Although theoretical approaches to second language acquisition (SLA) have varied in their perspectives and directives on vocabulary teaching and learning, the consensus is that vocabulary knowledge is essential to second language (L2) acquisition. In classroom based settings, students of foreign languages spend the better part of their initial years of language learning working on developing and increasing their vocabulary knowledge Language instructors are frequently concerned with strategies that facilitate vocabulary learning and those that promote long-term vocabulary retention. Of primary concern within this study are student study schedules of vocabulary words and whether suggestions of spaced study schedules would be beneficial to introduce into curricular planning and materials. In addition, recent literature on spacing effects, but also literature in SLA, has called for greater ecological validity in study design, for research outside of the laboratory and more closely related to real-life situations (e.g. Nakata, 2015; Sobel, Cepeda & Kapler, 2010; Cull, 2000). This study intends to add to the spacing literature, expand research in foreign language vocabulary learning, and considers ecological validity in the administration of the experiment. Compared to previous studies, the results of this study are not significant and do not confirm previous research of the learning potential for incorporating spaced study schedules for vocabulary learning. The results in this study are suggestive that practice of any kind, massed or spaced, especially when testing is involved, may be an useful element in vocabulary learning.
Acoustic oscillations in stars near the tip of the red giant branch
Creators: name: Dziembowski, W. A.
name: Soszynski, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Small amplitude oscillations are observed in red giant branch (RGB) stars. Data on such oscillations are a source of information about the objects, notably about properties of convection in their envelopes and about the systems these objects inhabit. The OGLE-III catalog contains data for about 80 thousand small amplitude variable red giants (OSARGs) in the Large Magellanic Cloud. We want to explain variability in OSARGs as the solar-like oscillation and to associate the peaks in power spectra with frequencies of acoustic modes. We use data on reddening-free magnitudes of the objects and interpret them in terms of stellar physical parameters using tabulated isochrones calculated for ages and composition parameters corresponding to the upper RGB of the LMC. Massive data on the peak frequencies and amplitudes are compared with expectations for stochastically excited oscillations. The frequencies are also compared with those calculated for radial modes in envelope models with parameters taken from the isochrones. In stars close to the tip of the RGB, the peaks in power spectra are found in the 0.1-1.0 $μ$Hz range, which is consistent with extrapolation of the frequency-luminosity relation for the solar-like oscillation. The dominant peaks occur close to the first two radial overtones. The increase in amplitude with luminosity is slower than linear. The exponent s=0.9 is similar to what is found from recent analysis of CoRoT data on less luminous red giants. Frequency separations between dominant peaks are found to be smaller by about 20% than calculated separations between these modes. After examining various possibilities, we left this discrepancy unexplained. The small amplitude variability of stars at the RGB tip is likely to be caused by a stochastic excitation of acoustic oscillations, but interpreting of individual peaks in power spectra presents a problem.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics, 6 pages, 6 figures
Signalverarbeitung für optoelektronische Sensoren
Creators: name: Hauske, Maximilian
Publisher: name: Karlsruhe
Year: 2012
Subjects: Optoelektonischer Sensor
Lichtschranke
Signalverarbeitung
Störunterdrückung

description: Optoelektronische Sensoren sind in der Automatisierungstechnik allgegenwärtig. Eine der wichtigsten Störquellen ist die künstliche Beleuchtung von Innenräumen. Der Fokus dieser Arbeit liegt auf der Untersuchung von pseudozufälligen Sendesignalen für die Objektdetektion. Die Verschärfung der Störproblematik durch neuartige Beleuchtungsquellen stellt eine große Herausforderung dar. Lösungsansätze lassen sich im Bereich der digitalen Signalverarbeitung finden.
Phase I clinical trial repurposing all-trans retinoic acid as a stromal targeting agent for pancreatic cancer
Creators: name: Kocher, Hemant M.
name: Basu, Bristi
name: Froeling, Fieke E. M.
name: Sarker, Debashis
name: Slater, Sarah
name: Carlin, Dominic
name: DeSouza, Nandita M.
name: De Paepe, Katja N.
name: Goulart, Michelle R.
name: Hughes, Christine
name: Imrali, Ahmet
name: Roberts, Rhiannon
name: Pawula, Maria
name: Houghton, Richard
name: Lawrence, Cheryl
name: Yogeswaran, Yathushan
name: Mousa, Kelly
name: Coetzee, Carike
name: Sasieni, Peter
name: Prendergast, Aaron
name: Propper, David J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/692/4020/1503/1712/1713
/692/308/2779/109/1940
/692/4028/67/1504/1713
article

description: Abstract: Pre-clinical models have shown that targeting pancreatic stellate cells with all-trans-retinoic-acid (ATRA) reprograms pancreatic stroma to suppress pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth. Here, in a phase Ib, dose escalation and expansion, trial for patients with advanced, unresectable PDAC (n = 27), ATRA is re-purposed as a stromal-targeting agent in combination with gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel chemotherapy using a two-step adaptive continual re-assessment method trial design. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D, primary outcome) is the FDA/EMEA approved dose of gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel along-with ATRA (45 mg/m2 orally, days 1–15/cycle). Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) is grade 4 thrombocytopenia (n = 2). Secondary outcomes show no detriment to ATRA pharmacokinetics.. Median overall survival for RP2D treated evaluable population, is 11.7 months (95%CI 8.6–15.7 m, n = 15, locally advanced (2) and metastatic (13)). Exploratory pharmacodynamics studies including changes in diffusion-weighted (DW)-MRI measured apparent diffusion coefficient after one cycle, and, modulation of cycle-specific serum pentraxin 3 levels over various cycles indicate stromal modulation. Baseline stromal-specific retinoid transport protein (FABP5, CRABP2) expression may be predicitve of response. Re-purposing ATRA as a stromal-targeting agent with gemcitabine-nab-paclitaxel is safe and tolerable. This combination will be evaluated in a phase II randomized controlled trial for locally advanced PDAC. Clinical trial numbers: EudraCT: 2015-002662-23; NCT03307148. Trial acronym: STARPAC.
Brain Health in Older Latinos: Associations with Physical Activity Levels and the Impact of BAILAMOSᵀᴹ
Creators: name: Balbim, Guilherme Moraes
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: This dissertation is comprised of three different but complementary manuscripts. The manuscripts aimed to investigate the impact of the BAILAMOSᵀᴹ dance program on physical activity (PA) levels, cognition, and brain functional connectivity (FC) in older Latino adults; and investigate the associations between physical activity (PA) levels and brain white matter (WM) health. A total of 101 participants were included. In the first manuscript, participants were randomized to either the BAILAMOSᵀᴹ dance (n=28) or a health education group (n=29). In the second manuscript, 34 older Latinos participated in a cross-sectional study. In the third manuscript, 10 participants took part in the BAILAMOSᵀᴹ dance program. BAILAMOSᵀᴹ is comprised of four Latin dance styles with 60min twice a week classes for four months. Participants responded to the CHAMPS Physical Activity Questionnaire in the three manuscripts. In manuscripts one and three, participants wore an accelerometer for seven consecutive days on their waist (manuscript one) or wrist (manuscript three). They also responded to a battery of neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive function. In manuscripts two and three, participants underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. All participants provided demographic information (e.g., age, sex, preferred language). Data analysis procedures included: two-way ANCOVA controlling for attendance, multiple linear regression models, paired t-tests, and Pearson correlation. Significance was set at p < 0.05, and Cohen’s d effect size was reported. Results showed that self-reported moderate PA, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and leisure-time MVPA demonstrated moderate effect size (0.3 > d < 0.6) increases among BAILAMOSᵀᴹ participants. Also, moderate effect size change in episodic memory (d = 0.4) was observed when comparing BAILAMOSᵀᴹ and health education groups. Greater levels of self-reported leisure-time MVPA were significantly associated with greater global WM volume (β = 0.132, SE = 0.091, p < 0.05) after controlling for covariables. FC within the Frontoparietal Network regions of interest (ROIs) significantly increased (t(9) = 2.35, p = 0.043, d = 0.70), and the Default Mode Network ROIs integrated more with other networks’ ROIs (t(9) = 1.96, p = 0.081, d = 0.64) after participation in the BAILAMOSᵀᴹ dance program.
On the Spectrum of the AdS_5xS^5 String at large lambda
Creators: name: Passerini, Filippo
name: Plefka, Jan
name: Semenoff, Gordon W.
name: Young, Donovan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We put forth a program for perturbatively quantizing the bosonic sector of the IIB superstring on AdS_5xS^5 in the large radius of curvature R (i.e. flat-space) limit, and in light-cone gauge. Using the quantization of the massive particle on AdS_5xS^5 as a guiding exercise, we read off the correct scaling of the particle coordinates in the large radius limit. In the corresponding large \sqrtλ=R^2/α' limit of the string the oscillator modes must be scaled differently from the zero modes. We compute the bosonic string Hamiltonian in this limit which gives the flat-space mass-squared operator at leading order, followed by a harmonic oscillator potential in the zero modes at subleading order. Using these ingredients we calculate the leading and sub-leading terms in the conformal dimension of the length-four Konishi state in the large-λlimit. Furthermore we work out the relevant terms of the energy expansion to next-to-next-to leading order, which are plagued by severe ordering ambiguities. This prevents us from determining the corrections to the spectrum at order λ^{-1/4}.
description: 24 pages. v2: typos fixed
The double cone geometry is stable to brane nucleation
Creators: name: Mahajan, Raghu
name: Marolf, Donald
name: Santos, Jorge E.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Regular Article - Theoretical Physics
AdS-CFT Correspondence
Black Holes
D-branes

description: Abstract: In gauge/gravity duality, the bulk double cone geometry has been argued to account for a key feature of the spectral form factor known as the ramp. This feature is deeply associated with quantum chaos in the dual field theory. The connection with the ramp has been demonstrated in detail for two-dimensional theories of bulk gravity, but it appears natural in higher dimensions as well. In a general bulk theory the double cone might thus be expected to dominate the semiclassical bulk path integral for the boundary spectral form factor in the ramp regime. While other known spacetime wormholes have been shown to be unstable to brane nucleation when they dominate over known disconnected (factorizing) solutions, we argue below that the double cone is stable to semiclassical brane nucleation at the probe-brane level in a variety of string- and M-theory settings. Possible implications for the AdS/CFT factorization problem are briefly discussed.
Sites of Historical Memory: Using Re-memory to Expose Silence
Creators: name: Versenyi, Nina Leah
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2020
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: We are largely unaware of the invisible forces at work that shape both the space we inhabit and our experience of that space. Therefore, it is necessary to interrogate the physical markers that shape that experience. This thesis poses the question: what is the purpose of a site of memory? From the entry point of the Confederate monument, “Silent Sam,” at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, this thesis interrogates the silences inherent in sites of memory, how these silences came to be, and the memory strategies that attempt to reckon with them. The premise is that sites of memory serve to create and promote national identity through the distortion of memory. They are repositioned as sites of “historical memory” to illustrate how memory is manipulated through the production of history. The sites examined include the Relaciones Geográficas, maps commissioned in 1577 by King Phillip II of Spain to consolidate resources in New Spain and construct the place of the Americas, the Confederate monument “Silent Sam,” and two anti-monuments created in response to Confederate monuments, Unsung Founders, Bond and Free by Do-Ho Suh and Rumors of War by Kehinde Wiley. Using Michel-Rolf Trouillot’s formula of where silences enter in the production of history, this thesis examines where silences enter in the creation of these sites. The analysis is based in the theory of “re-memory,” piecing together the past and revealing silence to challenge dominant narratives. This thesis traces the coloniality of power that structures contemporary experiences of space and time, beginning with the attempted placemaking of the Relaciones Geográficas and examining how this placemaking manifests in the racialized space of Silent Sam. This examination continues with an analysis of how attempts to recover memory through the installation of anti-monuments, illustrated by Unsung Founders and Rumors of War, further distort and commodify memory. The final chapter argues how the recurrent production of knowledge around the Relaciones Geográficas and Silent Sam demonstrates the recuperative potential of “re-memory” and challenges the linear progress myth stemming from the “Discovery.”
四色定理The Four Color Theorem
Creators: name: Lin, Shigong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10112 Topology
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: 四色定理提出至今已有170年，证明一直止步于1976年Appel结合计算机验证，至今仍有不少学者在追求纯人工的证明。在构建极大平面图的过程中，同一构型图不同的连线染色顺序存在着不同位置的双色顶点，但是双色顶点总量一样。从一个三角形开始，任何MPG都可以通过添加新顶点和其连线连接到原闭环逐步构建。在连线着色时，令双色顶点集中在闭环上，单色顶点数量在闭环上始终小于4。进一步可证明单色顶点数量在闭环上小于4的构型可4-着色。It has been 170 years since the four-color theorem was proposed, and the proof has stopped in 1976. Appel combined with computer verification, many scholars are still pursuing pure manual proof. In the process of constructing a maximal plane graph, there are two-color vertices in different positions in different line coloring sequences of the same configuration graph, but the total amount of two-color vertices is the same. Starting from a triangle, any mpg can be gradually constructed by adding new vertices and connecting them to the original closed loop. In each construction, the two-color vertices are transferred to the closed loop, and the number of one-color vertices is always less than 4 in the closed loop, which further proves that the configuration can be 4-colored.