cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Time resolved multi-photon effects in the fluorescence spectra of two-level systems at rest and in motion
Creators: name: Boström, Emil Viñas
name: D'Andrea, Andrea
name: Cini, Michele
name: Verdozzi, Claudio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the time-resolved fluorescence spectrum in two-level systems interacting with an incident coherent field, both in the weak and intermediate coupling regimes. For a single two-level system in the intermediate coupling case, as time flows, the spectrum develops distinct features, that are not captured by a semi-classical treatment of the incident field. Specifically, for a field on resonance with the atomic transition energy, the usual Mollow spectrum is replaced by a four peak structure, and for a frequency that is half of the atomic transition energy, the time-dependent spectrum develops a second harmonic peak with a superimposed Mollow triplet. In the long-time limit, our description recovers results previously found in the literature. After analyzing why a different behavior is observed in the quantum and classical dynamics, the reason for the occurrence of a second harmonic signal in a two-level system is explained via a symmetry analysis of the total (electron and photon) system, and in terms of a three level system operating in limiting regimes. We find an increased second harmonic signal in an array of two-level systems, suggesting a superradiance-like enhancement for multiple two-level systems in cavity setups. Finally, initial explorative results are presented for two-level model atoms entering and exiting a cavity, which hint at an interesting interplay between cavity-photon screening and atomic dynamics effects.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev. A
EFFECTS OF SOCIOECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON CONSUMPTION OF SELECTED FOOD NUTRIENTS
Creators: name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety

description: The effects of socioeconomic and demographic factors on the consumption of food energy, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus, and iron are examined. Socioeconomic and demographic factors analyzed are urbanization, region, race, ethnicity, sex, employment status, food stamp participation, household size, weight, height, age, and income. Several of these factors significantly affect consumption of certain nutrients. Income is an important factor affecting the consumption of vitamin A, vitamin C, and calcium. Income elasticities are relatively small at low income levels. For example, income elasticities range from 0.016 for calcium to 0.123 for vitamin C at an income level of $20,000.
Hysteresis and Noise from Electronic Nematicity in High Temperature Superconductors
Creators: name: Carlson, E. W.
name: Dahmen, K. A.
name: Fradkin, E.
name: Kivelson, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An electron nematic is a translationally invariant state which spontaneously breaks the discrete rotational symmetry of a host crystal. In a clean square lattice, the electron nematic has two preferred orientations, while dopant disorder favors one or the other orientations locally. In this way, the electron nematic in a host crystal maps to the random field Ising model (RFIM). Since the electron nematic has anisotropic conductivity, we associate each Ising configuration with a resistor network, and use what is known about the RFIM to predict new ways to test for electron nematicity using noise and hysteresis. In particular, we have uncovered a remarkably robust linear relation between the orientational order and the resistance anisotropy which holds over a wide range of circumstances.
description: References added; minor wording changes
THE EFFECT OF MANAGERIAL ABILITY ON FARM FINANCIAL SUCCESS
Creators: name: Ford, Stephen A.
name: Shonkwiler, John Scott
name: Ford, Stephen A.
name: Shonkwiler, John Scott
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1994
Subjects: Farm Management

description: The effects of managerial ability on farm financial success are analyzed for a 1990 sample of Pennsylvania commercial dairy farms using structural latent variable techniques. Latent factors related to dairy, crop, and financial management are used with herd size to explain farm financial success, measured by net farm income. Results indicate the relative importance of each management variable toward farm financial success.
Regulating human control over autonomous systems
Creators: name: firlej, Mikolaj
name: Taeihagh, Araz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In recent years, many sectors have experienced significant progress in automation, associated with the growing advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning. There are already automated robotic weapons, which are able to evaluate and engage with targets on their own, and there are already autonomous vehicles that do not need a human driver. It is argued that the use of increasingly autonomous systems (AS) should be guided by the policy of human control, according to which humans should execute a certain significant level of judgment over AS. While in the military sector there is a fear that AS could mean that humans lose control over life and death decisions, in the transportation domain, on the contrary, there is a strongly held view that autonomy could bring significant operational benefits by removing the need for a human driver. This article explores the notion of human control in the United States in the two domains of defense and transportation. The operationalization of emerging policies of human control results in the typology of direct and indirect human controls exercised over the use of AS. The typology helps to steer the debate away from the linguistic complexities of the term autonomy. It identifies instead where human factors are undergoing important changes and ultimately informs about more detailed rules and standards formulation, which differ across domains, applications, and sectors.
Gasdynamic Flow Control by Superfast Local Heating in a Strongly Nonequilibrium Pulse Plasma
Creators: name: Starikovsky, Andrey Yu.
name: Alexandrov, Nickolay L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Paper presents a review of modern works on the gasdynamic flow control using a heat release in highly nonequilibrium pulsed plasma. The major attention is paid to the effects based on ultrafast (on nanosecond time scale at atmospheric pressure) local heating of the gas, since at present the main successes in high-speed flow control using gas discharges are associated with namely this thermal effect. The physical mechanisms that control the interaction of the discharges with gas flows are considered in detail. The first part of the review briefly describes the most popular approaches in plasma aerodynamics for the pulsed localized energy deposition: nanosecond surface barrier discharges, pulsed spark discharges, and nanosecond/femtosecond laser discharges. The mechanisms of ultrafast heating of air at high electric fields realized in these discharges, as well as during the decay of a discharge plasma, are analyzed. The second part of the review contains numerous examples of plasma control of gasdynamic flows. The control of the shock waves configuration in front of a supersonic object and control of its trajectory; the control of quasistationary separated flows and layers; the control of a laminar-turbulent transition; the control of static and dynamic separation of the boundary layer at large angles of attack; as well as the operation of plasma actuators in various weather conditions; and the use of plasma as an anti-icing tool for flying objects are analyzed.
description: in Russian
Models for the soft X-ray emission of post-outburst classical novae
Creators: name: Sala, Gloria
name: Hernanz, Margarita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A hydrostatic and stationary white dwarf envelope model has been developed for the study of the post-outburst phases of classical novae and their soft X-ray emission. Several white dwarf masses and chemical compositions typical for classical novae have been considered. The results show that the luminosity, maximum effective temperature and envelope masses depend on the white dwarf mass and on the chemical composition. Envelope masses for which equilibrium solutions exist are pretty small ~10^{-7}-10^{-6} Msun, thus leading to a short duration of the soft X-ray emitting phase of classical novae, in agreement with most of the observations. The models presented provide a useful tool for the determination of the white dwarf properties from observable parameters in the X-ray range.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Constraining the oblateness of transiting planets with photometry and spectroscopy
Creators: name: Akinsanmi, B.
name: Barros, S. C. C.
name: Santos, N. C.
name: Oshagh, M.
name: Serrano, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Rapid planetary rotation can cause the equilibrium shape of a planet to be oblate. While planetary oblateness has mostly been probed by examining the subtle ingress and egress features in photometric transit light curves, we investigate the effect of oblateness on the spectroscopic Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) signals. We found that a giant planet, with planet-to-star radius ratio of 0.15 and Saturn-like oblateness of 0.098, can cause spectroscopic signatures with amplitudes up to 1.1 ms$^{-1}$ which is detectable by high-precision spectrographs such as ESPRESSO. We also found that the spectroscopic oblateness signals are particularly amplified for transits across rapidly rotating stars and for planets with spin-orbit misalignment thereby making them more prominent than the photometric signals at some transit orientations. We compared the detectability of oblateness in photometry and spectroscopy and found that photometric light curves are more sensitive to detecting oblateness than the spectroscopic RM signals mostly because they can be sampled with higher cadence to better probe the oblateness ingress and egress anomaly. However, joint analyses of the light curve and RM signal of a transiting planet provides more accurate and precise estimate of the planet's oblateness. Therefore, ESPRESSO alongside ongoing and upcoming photometric instruments such as TESS, CHEOPS, PLATO and JWST will be extremely useful in measuring planet oblateness.
Additional file 1 of Burden of pelvic organ prolapse in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Creators: name: Gedefaw, Getnet
name: Asmamaw Demis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. NOS Quality assessment tool for cross sectional and case control studies.
EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE RISK SPECIFICATIONS IN FARM PROGRAMMING MODELS
Creators: name: Ford, Stephen A.
name: Ford, Beth Pride
name: Spreen, Thomas H.
name: Ford, Stephen A.
name: Ford, Beth Pride
name: Spreen, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: The use of alternative probability density functions to specify risk in farm programming models is explored and compared to a traditional specification using historical data. A method is described that compares risk efficient crop mixes using stochastic dominance techniques to examine impacts of different risk specifications on farm plans. Results indicate that a traditional method using historical farm data is as efficient for risk averse producers as two other methods of incorporating risk in farm programming models when evaluated using second degree stochastic dominance. Stochastic dominance with respect to a function further discriminates among the distributions, indicating that a density function based on the historic forecasting accuracy of the futures market results in a more risk-efficient crop mix for highly risk averse producers. Results also illustrate the need to validate alternative risk specifications perceived as improvements to traditional methods.
Water-induced formation of an alkali-ion dimer in cryptomelane nanorods
Creators: name: Cheng, Shaobo
name: Sharma, Vidushi
name: Poyraz, Altug S.
name: Wu, Lijun
name: Li, Xing
name: Marschilok, Amy C.
name: Takeuchi, Esther S.
name: Takeuchi, Kenneth J.
name: Fernández-Serra, Marivi
name: Zhu, Yimei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tunneled metal oxides such as $α-$Mn$_8$O$_{16}$ (hollandite) have proven to be compelling candidates for charge-storage materials in high-density batteries. In particular, the tunnels can support one-dimensional chains of K$^+$ ions (which act as structure-stabilizing dopants) and H$_2$O molecules, as these chains are favored by strong H-bonds and electrostatic interactions. In this work, we examine the role of water molecules in enhancing the stability of K$^+$-doped $α-$Mn$_8$O$_{16}$ (cryptomelane). The combined experimental and theoretical analyses show that for high enough concentrations of water and tunnel-ions, H$_2$O displaces K$^+$ ions from their natural binding sites. This displacement becomes energetically favorable due to the formation of K$_2^+$ dimers, thereby modifying the stoichiometric charge of the system. These findings have potentially significant technological implications for the consideration of cryptomelane as a Li$^+$/Na$^+$ battery electrode. Our work establishes the functional role of water in altering the energetics and structural properties of cryptomelane, an observation that has frequently been overlooked in previous studies.
description: 9 + 5 pages (5 + 8 figures). Published version. Open access version available from the Chemical Science website
Locally Localized Gravity: The Inside Story
Creators: name: Kaloper, Nemanja
name: Sorbo, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the exact gravitational field of a relativistic particle localized on an $AdS$ 3-brane, with curvature radius $\ell$, in $AdS_5$ bulk with radius $L$. The solution is a gravitational shock wave. We use it to explore the dynamics of locally localized tensor gravitons over a wide range of scales. At distances below $L$ the shock wave looks exactly like the $5D$ $GR$ solution. Beyond $L$ the solution approximates very closely the shock wave in 4D $AdS$ space all the way out to distances $\ell^3/L^2$ along the brane. At distances between $L$ and $\ell$, the effective 4D graviton is a composite built of the ultralight mode and heavier gravitons, whereas between $\ell$ and $\ell^3/L^2$ it is just the ultralight mode. Finally beyond $\ell^3/L^2$ the shock reveals a glimpse of the fifth dimension, since the ultralight mode wave function decays to zero at the rate inherited from the full $5D$ geometry. We obtain the precise bulk-side formula for the 4D Planck mass, defined as the coupling of the ultralight mode, in terms of the $5D$ Planck mass and the curvature radii. It includes higher-order corrections in $L/\ell$, and reduces to the RS2 formula in the limit $\ell \to \infty$. We discuss $AdS/CFT$ interpretation of these results, and argue that the spatial variation of the effective gravitational coupling read from the shock wave amplitude corresponds to RG running driven by quantum effects in the dual $CFT$.
description: 37 pages, JHEP latex, 1 .eps figure
Embedding finite lattices into finite biatomic lattices
Creators: name: Wehrung, Friedrich
name: Adaricheva, Kira
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 06B99, 05B25, 51E99. Secondary: 51E30, 51D20, 05C20

description: For a class C of finite lattices, the question arises whether any lattice in C can be embedded into some atomistic, biatomic lattice in C. We provide answers to the question above for C being, respectively, --The class of all finite lattices; --The class of all finite lower bounded lattices (solved by the first author's earlier work). --The class of all finite join-semidistributive lattices (this problem was, until now, open). We solve the latter problem by finding a quasi-identity valid in all finite, atomistic, biatomic, join-semidistributive lattices but not in all finite join-semidistributive lattices.
Experimental study of boiling heat transfer during water jet impingement on a hot steel plate
Creators: name: Hauksson, Ágúst Torfi
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The growth in demand for high-quality metallic alloys has placed greater emphasis on the predictability of cooling methods used in manufacturing processes. In particular, the production of tailored steel properties through controlled cooling on the runout table. This study focuses on some fundamental issues that influence heat transfer on a steel mill runout table. The purpose of the study is to develop an efficient experimental method and gather data at conditions as close as possible to industrial conditions. Surface and internal temperatures are measured during transient cooling of a flat, upward facing fixed steel surface cooled by a highly subcooled single circular free surface jet of water. A numerical model is used to calculate the surface heat flux using the measured temperatures. Local boiling and cooling curves are presented at stagnation and several streamwise distances from the stagnation point. The effect of water flow rate and subcooling on the overall heat transfer with special emphasis on critical heat flux is discussed. Progression of the re-wetting front is studied as well as the instantly cooled zone around stagnation.
PRICE BARGAINING WITHOUT SUPPLY CONTROL
Creators: name: Kinnucan, Henry W.
name: Kinnucan, Henry W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Demand and Price Analysis

description: Primary food producers are permitted to bargain as a group for higher prices. Supply response, however, is critical to the long-run success of producer cartels. This article presents a model that elucidates that role of supply response in agricultural price bargaining when no overt action is taken to limit quantity and participation in the cartel is voluntary. Free-riding, for example, is seen as having a dual nature: it undermines the cartel's influence at the negotiating table but it enhances the cartel's ability to sustain a negotiated price increase by attenuating supply response. That price bargaining can result in significant transfers from processors to producers when demand is inelastic and supply is uncontrolled is highlighted in the empirical application.
Paradigm shift in diffusion-mediated surface phenomena
Creators: name: Grebenkov, Denis S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Diffusion-mediated surface phenomena are crucial for human life and industry, with examples ranging from oxygen capture by lung alveolar surface to heterogeneous catalysis, gene regulation, membrane permeation and filtration processes. Their current description via diffusion equations with mixed boundary conditions is limited to simple surface reactions with infinite or constant reactivity. In this letter, we propose a probabilistic approach based on the concept of boundary local time to investigate the intricate dynamics of diffusing particles near a reactive surface. Reformulating surface-particle interactions in terms of stopping conditions, we obtain in a unified way major diffusion-reaction characteristics such as the propagator, the survival probability, the first-passage time distribution, and the reaction rate. This general formalism allows us to describe new surface reaction mechanisms such as for instance surface reactivity depending on the number of encounters with the diffusing particle that can model the effects of catalyst fooling or membrane degradation. The disentanglement of the geometric structure of the medium from surface reactivity opens far-reaching perspectives for modeling, optimization and control of diffusion-mediated surface phenomena.
CONTINGENT VALUATION FOCUS GROUPS: INSIGHTS FROM ETHNOGRAPHIC INTERVIEW TECHNIQUES
Creators: name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Weaver, Thomas F.
name: Smith, Lynn A.
name: Swallow, Stephen K.
name: Johnston, Robert J.
name: Weaver, Thomas F.
name: Smith, Lynn A.
name: Swallow, Stephen K.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Despite the many important uses (and potential abuses) of focus groups in survey design, the CV literature presents few guidelines to aid moderators in their interaction with focus group participants. This paper draws on the theory and practice of ethnographic interviewing to introduce general guidelines that can improve focus groups as an aid to CV research. The proposed guidelines illustrate types of questions that should reduce speculation and moderator-introduced bias in focus group responses, and improve the correspondence between focus group responses and actual behavior. The paper illustrates these ethnographic guidelines through a CV application concerning watershed resources.
HOW AN ONLINE COURSE COMPARES
Creators: name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
name: Wachenheim, Cheryl J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession
subject: agricultural sales
subject: assessment
subject: curriculum
subject: online
subject: teaching

description: Student satisfaction with and performance in an online agrisales course is compared with that of students enrolled in a simultaneously-taught classroom course. Assessment tools are developed for both sections. Online and classroom students were equally satisfied with the course and the instructor using most measures, but had different motives for course enrollment. Overall student performance did not differ. However, online students tended to do better on exams and homework assignments while classroom students demonstrated a greater ability to apply course concepts to a practical setting. Results suggest instructors be well-prepared to handle unique learner situations prior to marketing an online course and work to ensure students are motivated to complete online course components.
ECONOMICS OF PRODUCING FOR AN IDENTITY-PRESERVED (IP) GRAIN MARKET
Creators: name: Gustafson, Cole R.
name: Gustafson, Cole R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: identity-preserved
subject: crop production
subject: economics
subject: marketing
subject: certified seed

description: Demand for identity-preserved (IP) crops produced by Northern Plains farmers is increasing. Buyers are willing to pay a premium for grains that can be guaranteed to possess a unique characteristic. Several general crop management practices apply to crops raised for IP. These include greater investment in segregated storage facilities, more meticulous production, isolation, added cleaning/sorting, documentation, greater testing, additional marketing, and risks of liability. To illustrate, the economics of producing certified seed for sale to other farmers is used as an example of IP grain production. Many of the concepts and specific practices of certified seed production are applicable to most IP crops raised.
AGRICULTURAL VALUE ADDED: PROSPECTS FOR NORTH DAKOTA
Creators: name: Lambert, David K.
name: Lim, Siew Hoon
name: Tweeten, Kathleen M.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Wilson, William W.
name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: DeVuyst, Cheryl Sinn
name: Saxowsky, David M.
name: Lambert, David K.
name: Lim, Siew Hoon
name: Tweeten, Kathleen M.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Wilson, William W.
name: McKee, Gregory J.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: DeVuyst, Cheryl Sinn
name: Saxowsky, David M.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness

description: Introduction : This report provides an overview of the important factors affecting investments in agricultural value-added ventures. The introductory section outlines current research on factors important in the location of economic activity. Research applied to specific agricultural value-added ventures, such as food manufacturing and livestock feeding and finishing operations, are discussed. A listing of resources available to entrepreneurs considering value-added investments concludes the introductory section. Following the introductory section are short overviews of industries that already have, or may have, potential for increasing economic activity in the state. All are based on the important foundation of agriculture in the state's economy or upon the natural resource base giving the state a comparative advantage in investments in alternative energy or resource-based recreation.
Stationary Spacetime from Intersecting M-branes
Creators: name: Tanabe, Makoto
name: Maeda, Kei-ichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a stationary "black" brane in M/superstring theory. Assuming BPS-type relations between the first-order derivatives of metric functions, we present general stationary black brane solutions with a traveling wave for the Einstein equations in $D$-dimensions. The solutions are given by a few independent harmonic equations (and plus the Poisson equation). General solutions are constructed by superposition of a complete set of those harmonic functions. Using the hyperspherical coordinate system, we explicitly give the solutions in 11-dimensional M theory for the case with M2-M5 intersecting branes and a traveling wave. Compactifying these solutions into five dimensions, we show that these solutions include the BMPV black hole and the Brinkmann wave solution. We also find new solutions similar to the Brinkmann wave. We prove that the solutions preserve the 1/8 supersymmetry if the gravi-electromagnetic field F, which is a rotational part of gravity, is self-dual. We also discuss non-spherical "black" objects (e.g., a ring topology and an elliptical shape) by use of other curvilinear coordinates.
description: 28 pages, no figures
Jordan, Robert H.: The Synaxarion of the monastery of the Theotokos Evergetis
Creators: name: Tinnefeld, Franz Hermann
Publisher: name: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients
Year: 2024

description: Oriens christianus : Hefte für die Kunde des christlichen Orients, Bd. 85 (2001): Oriens christianus, Band 85
Additional file 1 of The Durham Initiative for Stomach Health (DISH): a pilot community-based Helicobacter pylori education and screening study
Creators: name: Crankshaw, Sydnee
name: Butt, Julia
name: Gierisch, Jennifer M.
name: Barrett, Nadine J.
name: Sabrena Mervin-Blake
name: Oeffinger, Kevin
name: Patierno, Steven
name: Worthy, Valarie
name: Godbee, Ronald
name: Epplein, Meira
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. DISH Study Flyer.
Inflationary predictions for scalar and tensor fluctuations reconsidered
Creators: name: Boyle, Latham A.
name: Steinhardt, Paul J.
name: Turok, Neil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We reconsider the predictions of inflation for the spectral index of scalar (energy density) fluctuations (n_s) and the tensor/scalar ratio (r) using a discrete, model-independent measure of the degree of fine-tuning required to obtain a given combination of (n_s, r). We find that, except for cases with numerous unnecessary degrees of fine-tuning, n_s is less than 0.98, measurably different from exact Harrison-Zel'dovich. Furthermore, if n_s \gtrsim 0.95, in accord with current measurements, the tensor/scalar ratio satisfies r \gtrsim 10^{-2}, a range that should be detectable in proposed cosmic microwave background polarization experiments and direct gravitational wave searches.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; references updated; version accepted for publication in PRL
Diffractive W + 2 jet production: a background to exclusive H \to WW production at hadron colliders
Creators: name: Khoze, V. A.
name: Ryskin, M. G.
name: Stirling, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Central exclusive double diffractive Higgs boson production, p p \to p + H + p, is now recognised as an important search scenario for the LHC. We consider the case when the Higgs boson decays to two W bosons, one of which may be off-mass-shell, that subsequently decay to the q qbar l nu final state. An important background to this is from the QCD process g g \to W q qbar, where the two gluons are required to be in a J_z=0, colour-singlet state. We perform an explicit calculation and investigate the salient properties of this potentially important background process.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, typographical error corrected in Eq.(1)
Additional file 2 of Intramuscular injection of vectorized-scFvMC1 reduces pathological tau in two different tau transgenic models
Creators: name: Vitale, Francesca
name: Ortolan, Jasmin
name: Volpe, Bruce T.
name: Marambaud, Philippe
name: Giliberto, Luca
name: D’Abramo, Cristina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 2 Supplementary figure 2. Phospho-tau and scFvMC1 co-localize in microglia. Representative confocal image of the stratum radiatum from P301S mice injected with AAV5-GFAP-scFvMC1. Astrocytes actively express scFv-MC1 (Myc-red); Iba1 positive microglia (green) shows co-localization of scFvMC1 (myc-red) and pTau (pThr231; blue): merge purple (white arrows). Zeiss880 confocal laser microscope: merge image is 2x crop of 40X magnification; scale bar: 20 μm.
Detonation-induced transformation of graphite to hexagonal diamond
Creators: name: Stavrou, Elissaios
name: Bagge-Hansen, Michael
name: Hammons, Joshua A.
name: Nielsen, Michael H.
name: Steele, Bradley A.
name: Xiao, Penghao
name: Kroonblawd, Matthew P.
name: Nelms, Matthew D.
name: Shaw, William L.
name: Bassett, Will
name: Bastea, Sorin
name: Lauderbach, Lisa M.
name: Hodgin, Ralph L.
name: Perez-Marty, Nicholas A.
name: Singh, Saransh
name: Das, Pinaki
name: Li, Yuelin
name: Schuman, Adam
name: Sinclair, Nicholas
name: Fezzaa, Kamel
name: Deriy, Alex
name: Leininger, Lara D.
name: Willey, Trevor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the structural evolution of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) under detonation-induced shock conditions using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction in the ns time scale. We observe the formation of hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) at pressures above 50 GPa, in qualitative agreement with recent gas gun experiments. First-principles density functional calculations reveal that under uniaxial compression the energy barrier for the transition towards hexagonal diamond is lower than cubic diamond. Finally, no indication of cubic diamond formation was observed up to >70 GPa.
RESULTS OF THE NORTH DAKOTA LAND VALUATION MODEL FOR THE 2006 AGRICULTURAL REAL ESTATE ASSESSMENT
Creators: name: Aakre, Dwight G.
name: Vreugdenhil, Harvey G.
name: Aakre, Dwight G.
name: Vreugdenhil, Harvey G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land valuation
subject: real estate assessment
subject: agricultural land

description: This report summarizes the 2006 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2006 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average "all land value" from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county's total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. Each county is required by state statute to assess a total value of agricultural property within 5 percent of this value. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 6.68 percent based on the value of production. Cropland value increased by 6.4 percent and non-cropland value increased by 7.76 percent. The formula capitalization rate was below the minimum set by the State Legislature, therefore the minimum rate of 8.3 percent was used. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Values survey conducted by North Dakota Agricultural Statistics Service.
Chaplygin gas may prevent big trip
Creators: name: Madrid, José A. Jiménez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper deals with the study of the accretion of a generalized Chaplygin gas with equation of state $p=-A/ρ^α$ onto wormholes. We have obtained that when dominant energy condition is violated the size of wormhole increases with the scale factor up to a given plateau. On the regime where the dominant energy condition is satisfied our model predicts a steady decreasing of the wormhole size as generalized Chaplygin gas is accreted. Our main conclusion is that the big trip mechanism is prevented in a large region of the physical parameters of the used model.
description: 6 pages, no figures, uses Revtex. Several typos corrected. References updated
Radiation effects on NDL prototype LGAD sensors after proton irradiation
Creators: name: Tan, Yuhang
name: Yang, Tao
name: Xiao, Suyu
name: Wu, Kewei
name: Wang, Lei
name: Li, Yaoqian
name: Liu, Zhenwei
name: Liang, Zhijun
name: Han, Dejun
name: Zhang, Xingan
name: Shi, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the radiation effects of the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors developed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and the Novel Device Laboratory (NDL) of Beijing Normal University in China. These new sensors have been irradiated at the China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE) using 100 MeV proton beam with five different fluences from 7$\times10^{14}$ $n_{eq}/cm^2$ up to 4.5$\times10^{15}$ $n_{eq}/cm^2$. The result shows the effective doping concentration in the gain layer decreases with the increase of irradiation fluence, as expected by the acceptor removal mechanism. By comparing data and model gives the acceptor removal coefficient $c_{A}$ = $(6.07\pm0.70)\times10^{-16}~cm^2$, which indicates the NDL sensor has fairly good radiation resistance.
Additional file 3 of Intramuscular injection of vectorized-scFvMC1 reduces pathological tau in two different tau transgenic models
Creators: name: Vitale, Francesca
name: Ortolan, Jasmin
name: Volpe, Bruce T.
name: Marambaud, Philippe
name: Giliberto, Luca
name: D’Abramo, Cristina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 3 Supplementary figure 3 Anti-scFvMC1and tau in serum. (a, b) Antibodies anti-scFvMC1 were assessed using a specific immune sorbent assay: JNPL3 mice receiving the scFvMC1 exhibited a significant increase of anti-scFvMC1 in serum (***p = 0.0005, non parametric Mann-Whitney test) compared to the controls; no anti-scFvMC1 were detected in the P301S animals; (c, d) total tau levels were measured in serum at the end of the 4 month treatment: no significant changes were identified in both transgenic models, P301S and JNPL3. Graphs are expressed as Arbitrary Units (a, b) or % Control (c, d), and means +/− SEM.
A wide area survey for high-redshift massive galaxies. I. Number counts and clustering of BzKs and EROs
Creators: name: Kong, X.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Arimoto, N.
name: Renzini, A.
name: Broadhurst, T.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Ikuta, C.
name: Ohta, K.
name: da Costa, L.
name: Olsen, L. F.
name: Onodera, M.
name: Tamura, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have combined deep BRIz' imaging over 2x940 arcmin^2 fields obtained with the Suprime-Cam on the Subaru telescope with JKs imaging with the SOFI camera at the New Technology Telescope to search for high-redshift massive galaxies. K-band selected galaxies have been identified over an area of ~920 arcmin^2 to K_Vega=19.2, of which 320 arcmin^2 are complete to K_Vega=20. The BzK selection technique was used to obtain complete samples of ~500 candidate massive star-forming galaxies (sBzKs) and ~160 candidate massive, passively-evolving galaxies (pBzKs), both at 1.4 5 criterion we also identified ~850 extremely red objects (EROs). The surface density of sBzKs and pBzKs is found to 1.20+/-0.05 arcmin^{-2} and 0.38+/-0.03 arcmin^{-2}, respectively. Both sBzKs and pBzKs are strongly clustered, at a level at least comparable to that of EROs, with pBzKs appearing more clustered than sBzKs. We estimate the reddening, star formation rates (SFRs) and stellar masses (M_*) of the sBzKs, confirming that to K_Vega~20 median values are M_*~10^{11}M_sun, SFR 190M_sun yr^{-1}, and E(B-V)~0.44. The most massive sBzKs are also the most actively star-forming, an effect which can be seen as a manifestation of downsizing at early epochs. The space density of massive pBzKs at z~1.4-2 is 20%+/-7% that of similarly massive early-type galaxies at z~0, and similar to that of sBzKs of the same mass. We argue that star formation quenching in these sBzKs will result in nearly doubling the space density of massive early-type galaxies, thus matching their local density.
description: 19 pages, 13 figures, accepted by ApJ. While checking the proofs we became aware of a material mistake of non-trivial scientific relevance. In the original it was reported that the comoving volume density of passive BzK-selected galaxies with =1.7 and more massive than 10^{11}M_sun was 45%+/-15% of the local number density of similarly massive early-type galaxies. This fraction actually turns out to be 20%+/-7%. Section 6.4, point 5 in section 7, and the abstract have been modified accordingly
The Type Ia Supernova Rate
Creators: name: Scannapieco, Evan
name: Bildsten, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the idea that the Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) rate consists of two components: a prompt piece that is proportional to the star formation rate (SFR) and an extended piece that is proportional to the total stellar mass. We fit the parameters of this model to the local observations of Mannucci and collaborators and then study its impact on three important problems. On cosmic scales, the model reproduces the observed SNe Ia rate density below z=1, and predicts that it will track the measured SFR density at higher redshift, reaching a value of 1-3.5 X 10^-4 per yr per Mpc^3 at z=2. In galaxy clusters, a large prompt contribution helps explain the iron content of the intracluster medium. Within the Galaxy, the model reproduces the observed stellar [O/Fe] abundance ratios if we allow a short (approximately 0.7 Gyr) delay in the prompt component. Ongoing medium-redshift SN surveys will yield more accurate parameters for our model
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, ApJL in press; references updated, minor typos corrected
MPEC 2024-A143 : 2024 AQ3
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2024 AQ3

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Cosmological bouncing solutions in f(T,B) gravity
Creators: name: Caruana, Maria
name: Farrugia, Gabriel
name: Said, Jackson Levi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Teleparallel Gravity offers the possibility of reformulating gravity in terms of torsion by exchanging the Levi-Civita connection with the Weitzenböck connection which describes torsion rather than curvature. Surprisingly, Teleparallel Gravity can be formulated to be equivalent to general relativity for a appropriate setup. Our interest lies in exploring an extension of this theory in which the Lagrangian takes the form of $f(T,B)$ where T and B are two scalars that characterize the equivalency with general relativity. In this work, we explore the possible of reproducing well-known cosmological bouncing scenarios in the flat Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker geometry using this approach to gravity. We study the types of gravitational Lagrangians which are capable of reconstructing analytical solutions for symmetric, oscillatory, superbounce, matter bounce, and singular bounce settings. These new cosmologically inspired models may have an effect on gravitational phenomena at other cosmological scales.
NORTH DAKOTA LIGNITE ENERGY INDUSTRY'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE STATE ECONOMY FOR 2005 AND PROJECTED FOR 2006
Creators: name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
name: Coon, Randal C.
name: Leistritz, F. Larry
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: economic impacts
subject: lignite (coal) mining
subject: lignite conversion
subject: input-output analysis

description: This report provides estimates of the lignite industry's contribution to the North Dakota economy, using key economic indicators such as retail trade activity, personal income, total business activity, employment, and tax revenues. The estimates are based on actual industry expenditures for 2005 and projected expenditures for 2006. This analysis contains two measures of the relative importance of the lignite energy industry in North Dakota. First, the industry's share of the state's total sales to final demand (or exports) is evaluated. Second, the business volume generated by the industry is compared to the total gross business volume for the state. Expenditures were obtained from a survey of firms involved in lignite-related activities (mining or conversion) in North Dakota. Finally, wages paid by the coal mining sector are compared to those paid by other sectors of the state economy. In 2005, the lignite industry accounted for $587.1 million in direct expenditures and $1.8 billion in total economic impacts. The lignite industry directly employed 3,858 workers in 2005, and generated an estimated 17,771 secondary jobs throughout the state economy.
Short distance and initial state effects in inflation: stress tensor and decoherence
Creators: name: Anderson, Paul R.
name: Molina-Paris, Carmen
name: Mottola, Emil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a consistent low energy effective field theory framework for parameterizing the effects of novel short distance physics in inflation, and their possible observational signatures in the Cosmic Microwave Background. We consider the class of general homogeneous, isotropic initial states for quantum scalar fields in Robertson-Walker (RW) spacetimes, subject to the requirement that their ultraviolet behavior be consistent with renormalizability of the covariantly conserved stress tensor which couples to gravity. In the functional Schrödinger picture such states are coherent, squeezed, mixed states characterized by a Gaussian density matrix. This Gaussian has parameters which approach those of the adiabatic vacuum at large wave number, and evolve in time according to an effective classical Hamiltonian. The one complex parameter family of $α$ squeezed states in de Sitter spacetime does not fall into this UV allowed class, except for the special value of the parameter corresponding to the Bunch-Davies state. We determine the finite contributions to the inflationary power spectrum and stress tensor expectation value of general UV allowed adiabatic states, and obtain quantitative limits on the observability and backreaction effects of some recently proposed models of short distance modifications of the initial state of inflation. For all UV allowed states, the second order adiabatic basis provides a good description of particles created in the expanding RW universe. Due to the absence of particle creation for the massless, minimally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space, there is no phase decoherence in the simplest free field inflationary models. We apply adiabatic regularization to the renormalization of the decoherence functional in cosmology to corroborate this result.
description: 83 pages, 2 figures, minor changes in content and style