Genealogía de la insurgencia: del Indigenismo a los movimientos indigenas en México, Perú y Bolivia
Creators: name: Zanelli, Jose Carlos Diaz
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation illuminates a decolonial dialectical bridge that runs from the indigenista literary and cultural archive of the early 20th century to contemporary indigenous cultural production in Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia. Considering these three countries as mestizo national projects, where the influence of indigenous societies contended with the modernization process, this work focuses on a heterogeneous cultural corpus that includes literary texts, films, photographs, craftworks, and performances. Through an intense cultural analysis, this work historicizes the evolution of a discourse that is critical of the modernization process in these three countries, highlighting the ideological connection between the indigenista discourse and the consolidation of decolonial indigenous movements in the Andes and Mesoamerica. This analysis is carried out alongside a theoretical interface that engages decolonial critique, political ecology, and queer theory. With a structure of four chapters, the first chapter "Las grietas decoloniales del Indigenismo" examines the essayistic work of canonical indigenista intellectuals in Mexico, Peru and Bolivia such as José Vasconcelos, Manuel Gamio, José Carlos Mariátegui, Luis Enrique Valcárcel and Alcides Arguedas. This chapter identifies in the diversity of indigenismos embodied in their works a decolonial discursive crack that contends with national segregationist processes by interpreting them as a Eurocentric colonial continuity. In the second chapter "Comunidad visualizada: imagen e indigeneidad amerindia en el tardo-Indigenismo" the archive is re-oriented towards a visual one that explores films, photographs, and pictorial art to identify the different directions adopted by the indigenista discourses during their processes of institutionalization. In addition, several instances are identified in which indigenous knowledge is introduced as a decolonial gesture in the process of elaboration of visual cultural products. In the second part of this dissertation, the third chapter "Movilidades indígenas: quiebre epistémico y autonomías" explores indigenous ideological empowerment through the study of decolonial literary pieces such as the Bolivian Fausto Reinaga's indianista essays, illuminating their influence on Bolivia's indigenous movements and guerrillas. It also examines the Zapatista literature signed by Subcomandante Marcos in the framework of the anti-colonial indigenous struggle in Chiapas. Both authors are analyzed as decolonial indigenous intellectuals aiming at the epistemic emancipation of indigenous nations in the Andes and Mesoamerica. Finally, the fourth chapter "Decolonialidad indígena queer" explores an indigenous archive of performances, documentaries, artivism, and poetry that enable the identification of sex and gender as pending battlefields within the indigenous communities in these regions. Thus, through cultural analysis, it explores the queer experiences of the Movimiento Maricas Bolivia (MMB) struggling with the sexual politics of Evo Morales' administration and the particularity of muxe identity in Oaxaca (Mexico).