cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Hexokinase-2-mediated aerobic glycolysis is integral to cerebellar neurogenesis and pathogenesis of medulloblastoma
Creators: name: Gershon, Timothy
name: Yuan, Hong
name: Crowther, Andrew J
name: Deshmukh, Mohanish
name: Miller, C. Ryan
name: Tikunov, Andrey
name: Garcia, Idoia
name: Annis, Ryan
name: Macdonald, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2013

description: Abstract Background While aerobic glycolysis is linked to unconstrained proliferation in cancer, less is known about its physiological role. Why this metabolic program that promotes tumor growth is preserved in the genome has thus been unresolved. We tested the hypothesis that aerobic glycolysis derives from developmental processes that regulate rapid proliferation. Methods We performed an integrated analysis of metabolism and gene expression in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors (CGNPs) with and without Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), their endogenous mitogen. Because our analysis highlighted Hexokinase-2 (Hk2) as a key metabolic regulator induced by Shh, we studied the effect of conditional genetic Hk2 deletion in CGNP development. We then crossed Hk2 conditional knockout mice with transgenic SmoM2 mice that develop spontaneous medulloblastoma and determined changes in SmoM2-driven tumorigenesis. Results We show that Shh and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling combine to induce an Hk2-dependent glycolytic phenotype in CGNPs. This phenotype is recapitulated in medulloblastoma, a malignant tumor of CGNP origin. Importantly, cre-mediated ablation of Hk2 abrogated aerobic glycolysis, disrupting CGNP development and Smoothened-induced tumorigenesis. Comparing tumorigenesis in medulloblastoma-prone SmoM2 mice with and without functional Hk2, we demonstrate that loss of aerobic glycolysis reduces the aggressiveness of medulloblastoma, causing tumors to grow as indolent lesions and allowing long-term survival of tumor bearing mice. Conclusions Our investigations demonstrate that aerobic glycolysis in cancer derives from developmental mechanisms that persist in tumorigenesis. Moreover, we demonstrate in a primary tumor model the anti-cancer potential of blocking aerobic glycolysis by targeting Hk2.
Complexity: Let's Not Make This Complicated
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2019

Examines the concept of "keeping it simple" with respect to software engineering. It’s funny how keeping it simple in software development can often mean revising and refactoring an existing system until it is elegant enough to afford adaptation and change. Simplicity and elegance are the goals of many developers when they’re designing software. Developers often view complexity as the opposite of simplicity, but I argue that complexity is not the right word. I think complicated software is really what people are worried about. In other fields, such as physics or even education,3 complexity refers to how agents, individuals, and entities interact with one another via a small set of rules or processes to produce intricate and interesting behaviors, much like birds or fish flocking and swarming together in complex patterns without collisions. Analogously, developers want their code to compose a solution both clearly and elegantly, allowing for dynamism and adaptability.
title: Tropical Chronic Pancreatitis - A unique clinico-radiological entitiy. Why is it important to know this?
Creators: name: Kulkarni, Chinmay
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Pancreas
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Stents
subject: Tropical diseases

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To understand aetio-pathogenesis, unique imaging features and complications associated with Tropical Chronic Pancreatitis (TCP). To understand the role of radiologist in management of Tropical Chronic Pancreatitis...
UV Corrections in Sgoldstino-less Inflation
Creators: name: Dudas, Emilian
name: Heurtier, Lucien
name: Wieck, Clemens
name: Winkler, Martin Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the embedding of inflation with nilpotent multiplets in supergravity, in particular the decoupling of the sgoldstino scalar field. Instead of being imposed by hand, the nilpotency constraint on the goldstino multiplet arises in the low energy-effective theory by integrating out heavy degrees of freedom. We present explicit supergravity models in which a large but finite sgoldstino mass arises from Yukawa or gauge interactions. In both cases the inflaton potential receives two types of corrections. One is from the backreaction of the sgoldstino, the other from the heavy fields generating its mass. We show that these scale oppositely with the Volkov-Akulov cut-off scale, which makes a consistent decoupling of the sgoldstino nontrivial. Still, we identify a parameter window in which sgoldstino-less inflation can take place, up to corrections which flatten the inflaton potential.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure. Comments added, published version
title: ¿What are rice bodies?: Differential diagnosis.
Creators: name: Córdoba Rovira, Sandra
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal joint

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The purpose of this educational presentation is to review the medical literature regarding rice body formation and its differential diagnosis with special mention of their MRI...
title: Young Scientist Session
Creators: name:  Arndt , Iris
name:  Schubert , Thora
name:  Sawall , Joshua
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: If you are a young scientist, this session provides the opportunity to present your work among peers. We will consider everybody without PhD or with a recently finished PhD project a young scientist. You can present your latest project, your thesis or your PhD progress; submissions from all fields in geoscience are welcome. We especially welcome all those who will present at a conference for the first time. The primary focus of the session is to provide a platform for young scientists to present and discuss their work in a conference environment with a diverse audience. If large enough, the session will be subdivided according to discipline as identified by the submitted abstracts.
The Euler characteristic of the generalized Kummer scheme of an Abelian threefold
Creators: name: Gulbrandsen, Martin G.
name: Ricolfi, Andrea T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let $X$ be an Abelian threefold. We prove a formula, conjectured by the first author, expressing the Euler characteristic of the generalized Kummer schemes $K^nX$ of $X$ in terms of the number of plane partitions. This computes the Donaldson-Thomas invariant of the moduli stack $[K^nX/X_n]$.
description: Corrected the relation with existing literature
National trends in hospitalization and mortality rates for patients with HIV, HCV, or HIV/HCV coinfection from 1996–2010 in the United States: a cross-sectional study
Creators: name: Oramasionwu, Christine
name: Johnson, Terence L
name: Toliver, Joshua C
name: Moore, Heather N
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Background The comparative impact of chronic viral monoinfection versus coinfection on inpatient outcomes and health care utilization is relatively unknown. This study examined trends, inpatient utilization, and hospital outcomes for patients with HIV, HCV, or HIV/HCV coinfection. Methods Data were from the 1996–2010 National Hospital Discharge Surveys. Hospitalizations with primary ICD-9-CM codes for HIV or HCV were included for HIV and HCV monoinfection, respectfully. Coinfection included both HIV and HCV codes. Demographic characteristics, select comorbidities, procedural interventions, average hospital length of stay (LOS), and discharge status were compared by infection status (HIV, HCV, HIV/HCV). Annual disease estimates and survey weights were used to generate hospitalization rates. Results ~6.6 million hospitalizations occurred in patients with HIV (39%), HCV (56%), or HIV/HCV (5%). The hospitalization rate (hospitalizations per 100 persons with infection) decreased in the HIV group (29.8 in 1996; 5.3 in 2010), decreased in the HIV/HCV group (2.0 in 1996; 1.5 in 2010), yet increased in the HCV group (0.2 in 1996; 0.9 in 2010). Median LOS from 1996 to 2010 (days, interquartile range) decreased in all groups: HIV, 6 (3–10) to 4 (3–8); HCV, 5 (3–9) to 4 (2–6); HIV/HCV, 6 (4–11) to 4 (2–7). Age-adjusted mortality rates decreased for all three groups. The rate of decline was least pronounced for those with HCV monoinfection. Conclusion Hospitalizations have declined more rapidly for patients with HIV infection (including HIV/HCV coinfection) than for patients with HCV infection. This growing disparity between HIV and HCV underscores the need to allocate more resources to HCV care in hopes that similar large-scale improvements can also be accomplished for patients with HCV.
title: Elderly dysphagia: our 10-year experience in Presbyesophagus and Primary Presbyphagia
Creators: name: Barbiera, Filippo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Dynamic swallowing studies
subject: Swallowing disorders

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To perform a retrospective evaluation of patients with primary presbyphagia, not related to other comorbidities, who undergone videofluoroscopy swallow study (VFSS) over a period of 10 years (2004-2013). To assess presbyesophagus...
title: Look at joint performance
Creators: name: Garden, G. K.
Publisher: name: National Research Council of Canada. Division of Building Research
Year: 1968
Subjects: subject: Walls
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0380
subject: Murs
valueUri: urn:ircsubjects:IRC0380
subject: joints (junctions)
subject: joint (liaison)
subject: failure (deficiency)
subject: insuccès
subject: case studies
subject: etude de cas

description: Analysis of several joints in service on actual buildings clearly demonstrates the value of the joint design principles which have been presented in many preceding Digests. Designers, through making their own examinations of joints in service, can increase their experience and gain greater confidence and capability for application of these principles to new work.
title: The Foetal Lung
Creators: name: Pai, Vivek
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Foetal imaging
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Intrauterine diagnosis
subject: Congenital

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The four chamber view is the most vital cross section studied during an examination for cardiac anomalies. This view helps to determine accurately any structural abnormality of the fortal heart. On the four-chamber view the heart occupies 25%–30%...
title: Diagnostic performance of Hysterosalpingography for Intrauterine pathology in infertile women: A comparative analysis with Hysteroscopy.
Creators: name: Pai, Vivek
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Education and training
subject: Hysterosalpingography
subject: Fluoroscopy
subject: Genital / Reproductive system female

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Uterine pathology is a significant factor in the causation of miscarriage and infertility, seen in 10–15% of women. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an important investigational technique in the assessment of infertility and recurrent...
On the Naturalness of Software
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Barr, E.T.
Su, Z.
Devanbu, P.T.
Gabel, M.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2016

Natural languages like English are rich, complex, and powerful. The highly creative and graceful use of languages like English and Tamil, by masters like Shakespeare and Avvaiyar, can certainly delight and inspire. But in practice, given cognitive constraints and the exigencies of daily life, most human utterances are far simpler and much more repetitive and predictable. In fact, these utterances can be very usefully modeled using modern statistical methods. This fact has led to the phenomenal success of statistical approaches to speech recognition, natural language translation, question-answering, and text mining and comprehension. We begin with the conjecture that most software is also natural, in the sense that it is created by humans at work, with all the attendant constraints and limitations---and thus, like natural language, it is also likely to be repetitive and predictable. We then proceed to ask whether (a) code can be usefully modeled by statistical language models and (b) such models can be leveraged to support software engineers. Using the widely adopted n-gram model, we provide empirical evidence supportive of a positive answer to both these questions. We show that code is also very regular, and, in fact, even more so than natural languages. As an example use of the model, we have developed a simple code completion engine for Java that, despite its simplicity, already improves Eclipse's completion capability. We conclude the paper by laying out a vision for future research in this area.
Instrumentation issues in implementation science
Creators: name: Weiner, Bryan
name: Martinez, Ruben G
name: Lewis, Cara C
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2014

description: Abstract Background Like many new fields, implementation science has become vulnerable to instrumentation issues that potentially threaten the strength of the developing knowledge base. For instance, many implementation studies report findings based on instruments that do not have established psychometric properties. This article aims to review six pressing instrumentation issues, discuss the impact of these issues on the field, and provide practical recommendations. Discussion This debate centers on the impact of the following instrumentation issues: use of frameworks, theories, and models; role of psychometric properties; use of ‘home-grown’ and adapted instruments; choosing the most appropriate evaluation method and approach; practicality; and need for decision-making tools. Practical recommendations include: use of consensus definitions for key implementation constructs; reporting standards (e.g., regarding psychometrics, instrument adaptation); when to use multiple forms of observation and mixed methods; and accessing instrument repositories and decision aid tools. Summary This debate provides an overview of six key instrumentation issues and offers several courses of action to limit the impact of these issues on the field. With careful attention to these issues, the field of implementation science can potentially move forward at the rapid pace that is respectfully demanded by community stakeholders.
Hacking NIMES
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2016

NIMEs typically focus on novelty but the cost of novelty is often to ignore other non-functional requirements and concerns such as usability or security. Digital security has probably not been a concern for performers due to the duration of their performances and lack of disrespectful hackers, known as crackers, in attendance carrying the appropriate equipment and software necessary to hack a performance. Yet many modern NIMEs could be hacked from smart-phones in the audience. The lack of security hardening makes NIMEs an easy target — but a question arises: if hacking can interrupt or modify a performance couldn’t hacking itself also be performance? Thus would music hacking, live-hacking, be similar to live-coding? In this paper we discuss how NIMEs are in danger of being hacked, and yet how hacking can be an act of performance too.
title: Neurogenic Tumors in Neurofibromatisis Type 1: Spectrum of findings in MDCT and MRI
Creators: name: Correia, Ricardo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Neuroradiology peripheral nerve
subject: Soft tissues / Skin
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Education
subject: Neoplasia

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Describe the typical neurogenic tumors associated with neurofibromatosis type1 (NF1); Describe the pathologic and characteristic imaging features in multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of theses tumors;...
title: Atypical manifestations of pulmonary sarcoidosis at high-resolution CT: pictorial review
Creators: name: Lopes, João
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Lung
subject: Thorax
subject: CT-High Resolution
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Education and training

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Our aim is to provide a pictorial review of radiologic atypical manifestations at high-resolution CT (HRCT) in patients with pulmonary...
CloudOrch: A Portable SoundCard in the Cloud
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2014

One problem with live computer music performance is the transport of computers to a venue and the following setup of the computers used in playing and rendering music. The more computers involved, the longer the setup and teardown of a performance. Each computer adds power and cabling requirements that the venue must accommodate. Cloud computing can change all this by simplifying the setup of many (10s, 100s) of machines with the click of a button. But there’s a catch, the cloud is not physically near you, you cannot run an audio cable to the cloud. The audio from a computer music instrument in the cloud needs to be streamed back to the performer and listeners. There are many solutions for streaming audio over networks and the internet, most of them suffer from high latency, heavy buffering, or proprietary/non-portable clients. This paper proposes a portable cloud-friendly method of streaming, almost a cloud soundcard, whereby performers can use mobile devices (Android, iOS, laptops) to stream audio from the cloud with far lower latency than technologies like Icecast. This technology enables near-realtime control over computer music networks enabling performers to travel light and perform live with more computers than ever before.
The Build Dependency Perspective of Android's Concrete Architecture
Creators: Hu, W.
Han, D.
Hindle, Abram
Wong, K.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2012

Android is an operating system designed specifically for mobile devices. It has a layered architecture. In this paper, we extract Android's concrete layered architecture by analyzing the build dependency relation between Android sub-projects and use it to validate the proposed conceptual architecture. Our experiment shows that Android's concrete architecture conforms to the conceptual architecture. Apart from that, we also show the extracted architecture can help developers and users better understand the Android system and further demonstrate its potential benefits in studying the impact of changes.
Genetic mapping and developmental timing of transmission ratio distortion in a mouse interspecific backcross
Creators: name: Bell, Timothy A
name: Eversley, Chevonne D
name: Clark, Tavia
name: Pardo-Manuel de Villena, Fernando
name: Xie, Yuying
name: Steigerwalt, Jill
name: Threadgill, David W.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2010

description: Abstract Background Transmission ratio distortion (TRD), defined as statistically significant deviation from expected 1:1 Mendelian ratios of allele inheritance, results in a reduction of the expected progeny of a given genotype. Since TRD is a common occurrence within interspecific crosses, a mouse interspecific backcross was used to genetically map regions showing TRD, and a developmental analysis was performed to identify the timing of allele loss. Results Three independent events of statistically significant deviation from the expected 50:50 Mendelian inheritance ratios were observed in an interspecific backcross between the Mus musculus A/J and the Mus spretus SPRET/EiJ inbred strains. At weaning M. musculus alleles are preferentially inherited on Chromosome (Chr) 7, while M. spretus alleles are preferentially inherited on Chrs 10 and 11. Furthermore, alleles on Chr 3 modify the TRD on Chr 11. All TRD loci detected at weaning were present in Mendelian ratios at mid-gestation and at birth. Conclusions Given that Mendelian ratios of inheritance are observed for Chr 7, 10 and 11 during development and at birth, the underlying causes for the interspecific TRD events are the differential post-natal survival of pups with specific genotypes. These results are consistent with the TRD mechanism being deviation from Mendelian inheritance rather than meiotic drive or segregation distortion.
title: Complicated peptic ulcer disease – Emergency radiology assessment
Creators: name: Schmitt, Willian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: CT
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Stomach (incl. Oesophagus)
subject: Emergency
subject: Abdomen
subject: Education
subject: Observer performance
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Acute

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Summarize the appropriate imaging approach and demonstrate the different techniques involved in early diagnosis. Illustrate and describe the wide spectrum of imaging features along with their prevalence. Learn the most common locations and causes of...
A contextual approach towards more accurate duplicate bug report detection and ranking
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Alipour, A.
Stroulia, E.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2016

The issue-tracking systems used by software projects contain issues, bugs, or tickets written by a wide variety of bug reporters, with different levels of training and knowledge about the system under development. Typically, reporters lack the skills and/or time to search the issue-tracking system for similar issues already reported. As a result, many reports end up referring to the same issue, which effectively makes the bug-report triaging process time consuming and error prone. Many researchers have approached the bug-deduplication problem using off-the-shelf information-retrieval (IR) tools. In this work, we extend the state of the art by investigating how contextual information about software-quality attributes, software-architecture terms, and system-development topics can be exploited to improve bug deduplication. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our contextual bug-deduplication method at ranking duplicates on the bug repositories of the Android, Eclipse, Mozilla, and OpenOffice software systems. Based on this experience, we conclude that taking into account domain-specific context can improve IR methods for bug deduplication.
Green Software Engineering: The Curse of Methodology
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2016

Computer Science often seems distant from itsnatural science cousins, especially software engineering whichfeels closer to sociology and psychology than to physics. Physicalmeasurements are often rare in software engineering, except in afew niches. One such important niche is that of software energyconsumption, green mining, green IT, and sustainable computing, which all fall under the umbrella of green software engineering. With the physical measurement of energy consumption comesall of the limitations of measurement and experimentation thatexist in the natural sciences and engineering. Issues abound, fromattribution of energy use, isolation of components, to replicableexperiments. These get further complicated by cloud computingwhereby systems are virtualized and attribution of resource usageis a serious issue. Thus in this work we discuss the current state of softwareenergy consumption, and where will it go.
Merging binary black holes formed through chemically homogeneous evolution in short-period stellar binaries
Creators: name: Mandel, Ilya
name: de Mink, Selma E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore a newly proposed channel to create binary black holes of stellar origin. This scenario applies to massive, tight binaries where mixing induced by rotation and tides transports the products of hydrogen burning throughout the stellar envelopes. This slowly enriches the entire star with helium, preventing the build-up of an internal chemical gradient. The stars remain compact as they evolve nearly chemically homogeneously, eventually forming two black holes, which, we estimate, typically merge 4--11 Gyr after formation. Like other proposed channels, this evolutionary pathway suffers from significant theoretical uncertainties, but could be constrained in the near future by data from advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of the expected merger rate over cosmic time to explore the implications and uncertainties. Our default model for this channel yields a local binary black hole merger rate of about $10$ Gpc$^{-3}$ yr$^{-1}$ at redshift $z=0$, peaking at twice this rate at $z=0.5$. This means that this channel is competitive, in terms of expected rates, with the conventional formation scenarios that involve a common-envelope phase during isolated binary evolution or dynamical interaction in a dense cluster. The events from this channel may be distinguished by the preference for nearly equal-mass components and high masses, with typical total masses between 50 and 110 $\textrm{M}_\odot$. Unlike the conventional isolated binary evolution scenario that involves shrinkage of the orbit during a common-envelope phase, short time delays are unlikely for this channel, implying that we do not expect mergers at high redshift.
description: Minor update to match the version published in MNRAS; 15 pages 10 figures
Preheating of the Universe by cosmic rays from primordial supernovae at the beginning of cosmic reionization
Creators: name: Sazonov, Sergey
name: Sunyaev, Rashid
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The 21-cm signal from the cosmic reionization epoch can shed light on the history of heating of the primordial intergalactic medium (IGM) at z~30-10. It has been suggested that X-rays from the first accreting black holes could significantly heat the Universe at these early epochs. Here we propose another IGM heating mechanism associated with the first stars. As known from previous work, the remnants of powerful supernovae (SNe) ending the lives of massive Population III stars could readily expand out of their host dark matter minihalos into the surrounding IGM, aided by the preceeding photoevaporation of the halo's gas by the UV radiation from the progenitor star. We argue that during the evolution of such a remnant a significant fraction of the SN kinetic energy can be put into low-energy (E<30 MeV) cosmic rays that will eventually escape into the IGM. These subrelativistic cosmic rays could propagate through the Universe and heat the IGM by ~10-100 K by z~15, before more powerful reionization/heating mechanisms associated with the first galaxies and quasars came into play. Future 21-cm observations could thus constrain the energetics of the first supernovae and provide information on the magnetic fields in the primordial IGM.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Osteochondral lesions of the talus: a review of MR imaging findings.
Creators: name: Papalouka, Vasiliki
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Trauma
subject: Athletic injuries
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Arthrography
subject: MR
subject: Musculoskeletal joint
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: Bones

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To familiarize the radiologist with the anatomy and pathophysiology of osteochondral lesions (OCLs) of the talus. To provide a pictorial overview of MR imaging features of talar OCLs and to emphasize the value of MR imaging in the diagnosis and...
Is low-nicotine Marlboro snus really snus?
Creators: name: Furberg, Helena
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2008

description: Abstract Swedish snus is a medium/high nicotine delivery, low-nitrosamine moist smokeless tobacco product that has been estimated to be at least 90% less harmful than smoked tobacco. More men use snus than smoke cigarettes in Sweden, and a quarter of male former smokers quit by switching to snus. Leading multinational cigarette manufacturers have begun test-marketing snus-like products in the United States and other countries. The version of Philip Morris' Marlboro snus currently being marketed in the United States differs from Swedish snus in many ways; it has lower moisture content and pH, but most puzzling is its very low nicotine delivery. Philip Morris, the market-leader in United States cigarette sales, may have designed the product so that it does not satisfy nicotine cravings and fails to enable smokers to switch. In this paper we compare and contrast Swedish snus and Marlboro snus, and speculate as to why Philip Morris may have intentionally designed a product that delivers very low levels of nicotine. We recommend that Philip Morris cease using the term "snus" to refer to dry tobacco products with low nicotine delivery, so that the term be reserved for moist, low-toxin, medium/high nicotine delivery smokeless tobacco products that are qualitatively similar to the leading brands in Sweden.
If you bill it, they will pay: Energy consumption in the cloud will be irrelevant until directly billed for
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2018

Don’t leave the lights on! One reason we take energy consumption seriously is because we are directly billed for it. If one leaves the heat on high over night the effect is noticeable on the next bill. Yet as granular as cloud computing billing can be in terms of resources and quality of service, we have limited motivation to investigate energy consumption in the cloud because cloud customers cannot necessarily realize savings. Proxies for quality of service such as lower performance CPU allocations can be used but at no point does a user see a bill listing energy consumption. Furthermore the difficulty in billing energy consumption of virtualized services is non-trivial and indirect. When many VMs share the same host, attribution of energy consumption becomes difficult. When many hosts are in the same datacenter attribution of cooling costs become difficult as well. Thus due to the direct and indirect costs of running a cloud, and the sharing of resourcing pricing cloud energy consumption is difficult and typically not done. We argue that until energy consumption of hosted computers, VMs, and cloud services is pushed down from the cloud provider to the cloud consumer, datacenters will continue to consume massive amounts of energy to provide software services. When cloud end-users have to pay for energy consumption they will consider optimizing energy consumption. Once energy consumption in the cloud is a bill line item, energy consumption will become a first class performance non-functional requirement of software.
title: Radiological Diagnosis of Multifocal Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Creators: name: Radu, Ramona
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cancer
subject: Contrast agent-other
subject: Ultrasound
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Abdomen

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The target of diagnostic imaging is to detect multifocal HCC at an early stage. To outline the role of different imaging methods in diagnosing Multifocal...
title: Hydrogeology of arid environments
Creators: name:  Schulz , Stephan
name:  Michelsen , Nils
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Most (semi-)arid regions are characterized by limited surface water and hence rely on other sources. While unconventional resources such as desalinated seawater can be a valuable option for domestic supply in coastal areas, groundwater withdrawal is still the only relevant option to produce volumes that can satisfy the demand of water-intensive sectors, above all irrigated agriculture. In many areas, however, groundwater resources are over-exploited, i.e., more water is abstracted from the aquifers than is naturally replenished. Considering global changes such as population and economic growth, and the predicted expansion of dry areas due to climate changes (e.g. in the Circum-Mediterranean region), the pressure on groundwater resources will be even amplified. This situation calls for a better water management, which is in turn dependent on an adequate hydrogeological understanding comprising both, available quantities and water quality. We hence envisage a session that covers a broad spectrum of hydrogeological aspects of (semi-)arid environments. Sub-topics could include, but are not limited to, groundwater recharge estimations, flow modelling, hydrochemical studies, and isotope applications. Interdisciplinary contributions, linking hydrogeology to neighboring disciplines, are encouraged.
Planetesimal formation in self-gravitating discs -- dust trapping by vortices
Creators: name: Gibbons, P. G.
name: Mamatsashvili, G. R.
name: Rice, W. K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mechanism through which meter-sized boulders grow to km-sized planetesimals in protoplanetary discs is a subject of active research, since it is critical for planet formation. To avoid spiralling into the protostar due to aerodynamic drag, objects must rapidly grow from cm-sized pebbles, which are tightly coupled to the gas, to large boulders of 1-100m in diameter. It is already well known that over-densities in the gaseous component of the disc provide potential sites for the collection of solids, and that significant density structures in the gaseous component of the disc (e.g., spiral density waves) can trap solids efficiently enough for the solid component of the disc to undergo further gravitational collapse due to their own self-gravity. In this work, we employ the PENCIL CODE to conduct local shearing sheet simulations of massive self-gravitating protoplanetary discs, to study the effect of anticyclonic transient vortices, or eddies, on the evolution of solids in these discs. We find that these types of structures are extremely efficient at concentrating small and intermediate-sized dust particles with friction times comparable to, or less than, the local orbital period of the disc. This can lead to significant over-densities in the solid component of the disc, with density enhancements comparable to, and even higher, than those within spiral density waves; increasing the rate of gravitational collapse of solids into bound structures.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1404.6953
Performance with an Electronically Excited Didgeridoo
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Posnett, D.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2017

The didgeridoo is a wind instrument composed of a single large tube often used as drone instrument for backing up the mids and lows of an ensemble. A didgeridoo is played by buzzing the lips and blowing air into the didgeridoo. To play a didgeridoo continously one can employ circular breathing but the volume of air required poses a real challenge to novice players. In this paper we replace the expense of circular breathing and lip buzzing with electronic excitation, thus creating an electro-acoustic didgeridoo or electronic didgeridoo. Thus we describe the didgeridoo excitation signal, how to replicate it, and the hardware necessary to make an electro-acoustic didgeridoo driven by speakers and controllable from a computer. To properly drive the didgeridoo we rely upon 4th-order ported bandpass speaker boxes to help guide our excitation signals into an attached acoustic didgeridoo. The results somewhat replicate human didgeridoo playing, enabling a new kind of mid to low electro-acoustic accompaniment without the need for circular breathing.
Neural mechanisms of subclinical depressive symptoms in women: a pilot functional brain imaging study
Creators: name: Felder, Jennifer N
name: Bizzell, Joshua
name: Dichter, Gabriel
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2012

description: Abstract Background Studies of individuals who do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) but with subclinical levels of depressive symptoms may aid in the identification of neurofunctional abnormalities that possibly precede and predict the development of MDD. The purpose of this study was to evaluate relations between subclinical levels of depressive symptoms and neural activation patterns during tasks previously shown to differentiate individuals with and without MDD. Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to assess neural activations during active emotion regulation, a resting state scan, and reward processing. Participants were twelve females with a range of depressive symptoms who did not meet criteria for MDD. Results Increased depressive symptom severity predicted (1) decreased left midfrontal gyrus activation during reappraisal of sad stimuli; (2) increased right midfrontal gyrus activation during distraction from sad stimuli; (3) increased functional connectivity between a precuneus seed region and left orbitofrontal cortex during a resting state scan; and (4) increased paracingulate activation during non-win outcomes during a reward-processing task. Conclusions These pilot data shed light on relations between subclinical levels of depressive symptoms in the absence of a formal MDD diagnosis and neural activation patterns. Future studies will be needed to test the utility of these activation patterns for predicting MDD onset in at-risk samples.
Orchestrating Your Cloud Orchestra
Creators: Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2015

Cloud computing potentially ushers in a new era of computer music performance with exceptionally large computer music instruments consisting of 10s to 100s of virtual machines which we propose to call a ‘cloud-orchestra’. Cloud computing allows for the rapid provisioning of resources, but to deploy such a complicated and interconnected network of software synthesizers in the cloud requires a lot of manual work, system administration knowledge, and developer/operator skills. This is a barrier to computer musicians whose goal is to produce and perform music, and not to administer 100s of computers. This work discusses the issues facing cloud-orchestra deployment and offers an abstract solution and a concrete implementation. The abstract solution is to generate cloud orchestra deployment plans by allowing computer musicians to model their network of synthesizers and to describe their resources. A model optimizer will compute near-optimal deployment plans to synchronize, deploy, and orchestrate the start-up of a complex network of synthesizers deployed to many computers. This model driven development approach frees computer musicians from much of the hassle of deployment and allocation. Computer musicians can focus on the configuration of musical components and leave the resource allocation up to the modelling software to optimize.
title: The persistent occlusion of the central sulcus artery is related with poor functional prognosis in the endovascular treatment of M2 occlusions.
Creators: name: Werner Reyes, Mariano Facundo
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Interventional vascular
subject: CNS
subject: Emergency
subject: Catheter arteriography
subject: Thrombolysis
subject: Ischaemia / Infarction
subject: Embolism / Thrombosis

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The arterial recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke is a strong factor to improve their prognosis. The endovascular treatment is a proved technique that reaches this goal. However , in patients with M2 middle cerebral artery occlusion...
title: Comparison of cerebral blood flow acquired by two-dimensional and three-dimensional Arterial Spin Labeling on one system at 3 Tesla
Creators: name: Mito, Suzuko
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Image verification
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: MR-Diffusion/Perfusion
subject: Neuroradiology brain

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Arterial spin-labeling (ASL) perfusion MRI enables absolute quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) without the use of contrast agents (1-5). Especially, pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) was widely used because it provides...
Caries prevalence in permanent teeth in patients with special needs: A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Pecci-Lloret, Maria
name: Pecci-Lloret, Miguel
name: Lozano, Francisco
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dental Public Health and Education
subject: Other Dentistry
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Dentistry
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: caries
subject: prevalence
subject: special patients

description: Due to the increase in the population with special needs and the significant difficulty in their dental management, it is essential to analyze the caries prevalence in this group of patients. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. A search was performed on May 9th, 2022 and updated on June 5th, 2022, in 3 databases: Pubmed, Scielo, and Cochrane library. Studies involving the analysis of caries in permanent teeth in patients with special needs were included. A total of 1277 studies were analyzed, and 21 studies were selected. Quality assessments were performed using an adapted version of the STROBE guidelines. Among the analyzed groups (Intellectual Disabilities, Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection, Schizophrenia, Down syndrome, drugs addicts, adult heart transplant, kidney disease, diabetic, autism, psychiatric patients, cerebral palsy and haemophilia), the highest prevalence of caries was observed in patients with intellectual disability, without differences between genders. However, there is a need for more studies with standardized methods for caries diagnosis to further investigate the prevalence of caries in permanent teeth in patients with special needs.
Evolution of the Practice of Software Testing in Java Projects
Creators: Islam, A.
Hewage, N.T.
Bangash, A.A.
Hindle, Abram
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2023

Software testing helps developers minimize bugs and errors in their code, improving the overall software quality. In 2013, Kochhar et al. analyzed 20,817 software projects in order to study how prevalent the practice of software testing is in open-source projects. They found that projects with more lines of code (LOC) and projects with more developers tend to have more test cases. Additionally, they found a weak positive correlation between the number of test cases and the number of bugs. Since the conclusions of a study might become irrelevant over time because of the latest practices in the relevant fields, in this paper, we investigate if these conclusions remain valid if we re-evaluate Kochhar et al.’s findings on the Java projects that were developed from 2012 to 2021. For evaluation, we use a random sample of 20,000 open-source Java projects each year. Our results show that Kochhar et al.’s conclusions regarding the projects with test cases having more LOC, the weak positive correlation between the number of test cases and authors, and the weak positive correlation between the number of test cases and bugs remain stable until 2021. Our study corroborates Kochhar et al.’s conclusions and helps developers refocus in light of the latest findings regarding the practice of software testing.
Identifying state-level policy and provision domains for physical education and physical activity in high school
Creators: name: Roberts, Amy
name: Stevens, June Sheppa
name: Hales, Derek
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2013

description: Abstract Background It is important to quickly and efficiently identify policies that are effective at changing behavior; therefore, we must be able to quantify and evaluate the effect of those policies and of changes to those policies. The purpose of this study was to develop state-level physical education (PE) and physical activity (PA) policy domain scores at the high-school level. Policy domain scores were developed with a focus on measuring policy change. Methods Exploratory factor analysis was used to group items from the state-level School Health Policies and Programs Study (SHPPS) into policy domains. Items that related to PA or PE at the High School level were identified from the 7 SHPPS health program surveys. Data from 2000 and 2006 were used in the factor analysis. RESULTS: From the 98 items identified, 17 policy domains were extracted. Average policy domain change scores were positive for 12 policy domains, with the largest increases for “Discouraging PA as Punishment”, “Collaboration”, and “Staff Development Opportunities”. On average, states increased scores in 4.94 ± 2.76 policy domains, decreased in 3.53 ± 2.03, and had no change in 7.69 ± 2.09 policy domains. Significant correlations were found between several policy domain scores. Conclusions Quantifying policy change and its impact is integral to the policy making and revision process. Our results build on previous research offering a way to examine changes in state-level policies related to PE and PA of high-school students and the faculty and staff who serve them. This work provides methods for combining state-level policies relevant to PE or PA in youth for studies of their impact.