cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Amylome: Novel Tools to Probe Protein Misfolding Disorders
Creators: name: Stepanchuk, Anastasiia
Publisher: name: Cumming School of Medicine
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: amyloid
subject: spectroscopy
subject: neurodegeneration
subject: confocal microscopy
subject: pathology
subject: Neuroscience

description: Errors in the normal protein folding pathway and deviation of a protein from its physiological 3D structure are typically handled by cellular homeostatic mechanisms. Excessive protein misfolding can result in the formation of protein aggregates, overloading the refolding and degradation machinery, leading to oxidative stress and cellular damage. Misfolded and aggregated proteins are a major pathological hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), where deposits of amyloid b and tau accumulate in the brain and are considered a major characteristic of this disease, in addition to brain atrophy and gliosis. While the quantity and morphology of protein deposits are used as a measure of disease-induced changes in the brain, recent evidence suggests that only particular types of protein aggregates can lead to disease-associated cognitive decline. The main goal of this thesis was to develop novel methods of staining and imaging post-mortem brain sections using small fluorescent amyloid probes that can bind to and report the presence, and character, of misfolded and aggregated proteins by changes in the fluorescence properties of the probes. In combination with spectral confocal microscopy and custom-written image analysis software, spectral information gathered from the samples provided unique insights into the heterogeneity of the protein deposits while simultaneously preserving tissue topology. In addition, we discovered novel fluorescence phenomena exhibited by a subset of amyloid dyes and harnessed these unique properties for improved detection of protein deposits in Alzheimer’s tissue. Finally, we combined dyes with distinct chemical structures and fluorescence properties in a dual staining approach, to further improve the differentiation of protein deposits in brain sections. Taken together, this thesis describes unique characteristics of several amyloid dyes that can be harnessed to gain deeper insights into disease-associated protein misfolding and aggregation. In addition, methods of tissue staining are described that not only surpass conventional techniques in terms of technical simplicity, but also provide additional characteristics for the differentiation of protein aggregates in the post-mortem brain. These tools have the potential for application in other types of samples and other protein misfolding disorders, extending beyond the central nervous system and open new possibilities for improved understanding of protein misfolding disorders.
Interactions of Confined-Jet Flow Structures with Ejector Entrainment and Compression
Creators: name: Kramer, Joel
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ejector
subject: Confined Jet
subject: Recirculation
subject: Engineering--Aerospace
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: The present work characterizes the effects of recirculation on ejector performance by conducting a parametric study and analyzing the mixing chamber static pressure. Three factors that affect the recirculation eddy were considered: the mixing chamber diameter ratio, the mixing chamber back pressure, and the mass flow of the primary jet. Recirculation eddy structures in the confined-jet flow were identified by use of novel numerical methods validated against literature and CFD. Analysis of variance results showed, for a given flow restriction, there is a mixing chamber diameter that maximizes entrainment ratio. Correlations between the maximum entrainment ratio case and the recirculation eddy were found to be limited. The best indicator of the maximum entrainment ratio case was the initial wall static pressure gradient.
The Work of Retirement
Creators: name: Sklansky, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In the past few decades, caregivers, such as nursing assistants and home health aides, have come to compose the fastest-growing segment of the paid workforce in the United States. At the same time, corporate caretakers of workers’ savings, such as pension funds and mutual funds, have become the nation's largest investors, bound by fiduciary duties of trust. And unprecedented numbers of elder employees and retirees have become the biggest supposed beneficiaries of both care labor and trust capital, depending on health workers and asset managers in their daily lives. At the center of this emerging structure of work, wealth, and welfare lies the pension system, a telling crucible of class relations in our time. Several recent books across different disciplines examine the shifting politics of pensions in the United States and around the world. The spate of new studies presents an opportunity to explore the remarkable role of retirement funds in reorganizing labor and finance over the past fifty years. Rather than offering a historiographical critique of current work, this expository essay surveys the main findings of a larger and longer body of scholarship on organized labor and investment related to pensions. Though focused on the United States, it places the American story in a comparative context. The survey points to a fertile field for further study: as retirees have increasingly relied on professional asset managers and caregivers, the finance and health sectors have undergone converging crises over fiduciary duty and elder care, posing parallel challenges for organized labor.
Dimension and measure for typical random fractals
Creators: name: Fraser, Jonathan M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 28A80, 28A78, 54E52, 37C45

description: We consider the dimension and measure of typical attractors of random iterated function systems (RIFSs). We define a RIFS to be a finite set of (deterministic) iterated function systems (IFSs) acting on the same metric space and, for a given RIFS, we define a continuum of random attractors corresponding to each sequence of deterministic IFSs. Much work has been done on computing the 'almost sure' dimensions of these random attractors. Here we compute the typical dimensions (in the sense of Baire) and observe that our results are in stark contrast to those obtained using the probabilistic approach. Furthermore, we examine the typical Hausdorff and packing measures of the random attractors and give a number of examples to illustrate some of the strange phenomena that can occur. The only restriction we impose on the maps is that they are bi-Lipschitz and we obtain our dimension results without assuming any separation conditions.
description: 27 pages
Signal-background separation and energy reconstruction of gamma rays using pattern spectra and convolutional neural networks for the Small-Sized Telescopes of the Cherenkov Telescope Array
Creators: name: Aschersleben, J.
name: Arnesen, T. T. H.
name: Peletier, R. F.
name: Vecchi, M.
name: Vlasakidis, C.
name: Wilkinson, M. H. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) detect very-high-energy gamma rays from ground level by capturing the Cherenkov light of the induced particle showers. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can be trained on IACT camera images of such events to differentiate the signal from the background and to reconstruct the energy of the initial gamma ray. Pattern spectra provide a 2-dimensional histogram of the sizes and shapes of features comprising an image and they can be used as an input for a CNN to significantly reduce the computational power required to train it. In this work, we generate pattern spectra from simulated gamma-ray and proton images to train a CNN for signal-background separation and energy reconstruction for the Small-Sized Telescopes (SSTs) of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA). A comparison of our results with a CNN directly trained on CTA images shows that the pattern spectra-based analysis is about a factor of three less computationally expensive but not able to compete with the performance of an CTA image-based analysis. Thus, we conclude that the CTA images must be comprised of additional information not represented by the pattern spectra.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures
Additional file 4: of Genomic analyses based on pulmonary adenocarcinoma in situ reveal early lung cancer signature
Creators: name: Li, Dan
name: Yang, William
name: Zhang, Yifan
name: Yang, Jack
name: Guan, Renchu
name: Xu, Dong
name: Yang, Mary
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Figure S2. The AIS-specific lncRNAs that potentially regulate the target genes in ECM-receptor interaction pathway. (PDF 576 kb)
Effect of harmonic inflow perturbation on the two-degree-of-freedom vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder
Creators: name: Hassanpour, Maziyar
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: vortex-induced vibration
subject: Fluid and Plasma
subject: Engineering--Mechanical

description: The wake dynamics, structural response, and their coupling are investigated for a circular cylinder undergoing vortex-induced vibration (VIV) near a plane boundary at Re = 200. The effects of inflow perturbations on the structural response are explored, and three regimes of response that do not occur for VIV in a uniform flow have been identified. It was found that the interaction of a symmetric instability via perturbations in the wake and natural instabilities in the wake is the underlying physical mechanism resulting in the presence of the newly identified regimes of response. In Regime I, high drag values were observed; however, the amplitudes of vibrations remain close to the unperturbed case. Regime II is a high excitation regime characterized by a highly modulated response. In Regime III, the natural shedding mode and its second harmonic are reinforced by perturbations. In this Regime, sub-harmonic resonance occurs, resulting in irregular wake dynamics and a highly excited structural response. Regimes II and III fundamentally alter the coupling mechanism between the wake dynamics and cylinder response. To capture the observed dynamics in these regimes as well as the unperturbed response, a new approach to VIV modeling is proposed. In particular, a coupled structural response and wake dynamics system are modeled for the first time using non-isochronous oscillators. The inter-dependency of the oscillation amplitude and frequency of oscillations, and frequency entrainment are identified as the main characteristics of the flow that this model can capture.
A comparative evaluation of three point-of-care tools by registered nurses
Creators: name: Nickum, Nicky
name: Raszewski, Rebecca
name: Vonderheid, Susan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Objective: This study compared three point-of-care tools (PoCTs) to determine which PoCT was rated highest based on key features and characteristics by registered nurses. Methods: The PoCTs reviewed were Nursing Reference Center Plus, ClinicalKey for Nursing, and UpToDate. Nurses were asked to use each PoCT to answer three clinical questions and then rate their experience based on the following areas: currency, relevancy, layout, navigation, labeling, and use of filters. They were also asked to indicate their familiarity with each PoCT, their overall opinions, and demographic information. Results: Seventy-six nurses completed the entire survey. Ratings of PoCTs did not differ by participant characteristics. Participants were most familiar with UpToDate, and average ratings were similar across all three PoCTs. Answers to open-ended questions suggested that nurses’ experiences searching and locating relevant information to address clinical questions varied and that brand recognition might have impacted preference. Discussion: None of the PoCTs was significantly preferred over the others, nor received high ratings, which suggests that organizations need to survey their nurses to determine which PoCT is preferred by their staff. Findings also suggest that institutional priorities can guide the decision whether a library should license multiple PoCTs, nursing, and/or non-nursing specific PoCTs. Research is needed to understand how PoCTs could better meet the information needs of registered nurses. Librarians should learn more about what types of information nurses are seeking and explore opportunities to educate nurses on how to better utilize PoCTs for their practice.
A comparative evaluation of three point-of-care tools by registered nurses
Creators: name: Nickum, Nicky
name: Raszewski, Rebecca
name: Vonderheid, Susan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Library and Information Studies
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: Objective: This study compared three point-of-care tools (PoCTs) to determine which PoCT was rated highest based on key features and characteristics by registered nurses. Methods: The PoCTs reviewed were Nursing Reference Center Plus, ClinicalKey for Nursing, and UpToDate. Nurses were asked to use each PoCT to answer three clinical questions and then rate their experience based on the following areas: currency, relevancy, layout, navigation, labeling, and use of filters. They were also asked to indicate their familiarity with each PoCT, their overall opinions, and demographic information. Results: Seventy-six nurses completed the entire survey. Ratings of PoCTs did not differ by participant characteristics. Participants were most familiar with UpToDate, and average ratings were similar across all three PoCTs. Answers to open-ended questions suggested that nurses’ experiences searching and locating relevant information to address clinical questions varied and that brand recognition might have impacted preference. Discussion: None of the PoCTs was significantly preferred over the others, nor received high ratings, which suggests that organizations need to survey their nurses to determine which PoCT is preferred by their staff. Findings also suggest that institutional priorities can guide the decision whether a library should license multiple PoCTs, nursing, and/or non-nursing specific PoCTs. Research is needed to understand how PoCTs could better meet the information needs of registered nurses. Librarians should learn more about what types of information nurses are seeking and explore opportunities to educate nurses on how to better utilize PoCTs for their practice.
Primordial non-Gaussianity as a probe of seesaw and leptogenesis
Creators: name: Fong, Chee Sheng
name: Ghoshal, Anish
name: Naskar, Abhishek
name: Rahat, Moinul Hossain
name: Saad, Shaikh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the possibility that the seesaw mechanism and nonthermal leptogenesis can be {investigated} via primordial non-Gaussianities in the context of a majoron curvaton model. Originating as a massless Nambu-Goldstone boson from the spontaneous breaking of the global baryon ($B$) minus lepton ($L$) number symmetry at a scale $v_{B-L}$, majoron becomes massive when it couples to a new confining sector through anomaly. Acting as a curvaton, majoron produces the observed red-tilted curvature power spectrum without relying on any inflaton contribution, and its decay in the post-inflationary era gives rise to a nonthermal population of right-handed neutrinos that participate in leptogenesis. A distinctive feature of the mechanism is the generation of observable non-Gaussianity, {in the parameter space where the red-tilted power spectrum and sufficient baryon asymmetry are produced.} We {find} that the non-Gaussianity parameter $f_{\rm NL} \gtrsim \mathcal{O} (0.1)$ is produced for high-scale seesaw ($v_{B-L}$ at $\mathcal{O}(10^{14-17})$ GeV) and leptogenesis ($M_1 \gtrsim \mathcal{O}(10^6)$ GeV) where the latter represents the lightest right-handed neutrino mass. While the current bounds on local non-Gaussianity excludes some part of parameter space, the rest can be fully probed by future experiments like CMB-S4, LSST, and 21 cm tomography.
description: 19 pages + references, 7 figures, minor changes in wording to match published version
Canadian Educators' Roles and Perceptions in Responding and Intervening in Online Harm: A Sociological Analysis
Creators: name: Mukherjee, Mohana
Publisher: name: Arts
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cyberbullying
subject: Sexting
subject: Online Harm
subject: Restorative Justice
subject: K-12 Education System
subject: Educators
subject: Pre-service Educators
subject: Criminology and Penology

description: Intense social media use today puts youth at risk for problems that contribute to addictive behaviours, social withdrawal and online harm like cyberbullying and sexting. While most cyberbullying incidents occur at home, the problems spill over to the classroom, making it an issue that educators cannot ignore. Currently, schools shoulder the responsibility to address online harm; however, ambiguity regarding how cyberbullying is conceptualized creates a challenge for school staff to keep pace with providing adequate protection for their students. Thus, to support schools in developing effective online harm interventions, this study aims to understand how Canadian K-12 school teachers perceive cyberbullying, its root causes and the perceived barriers that complicate school efforts to build a culture that prevents online harm. While several studies have examined students’ perceptions of cyberbullying, there is a critical gap in the research literature about how in-service and pre-service educators make sense of cyberbullying. A qualitative methods approach was employed, and in-depth interviews were conducted with 23 educators (eight pre-service teachers, seven early-career in-service teachers and eight late-career in-service teachers) to advance knowledge regarding current attitudes and beliefs about intervention, the content and benefits of teacher-training programs and technology policies in Canadian schools. Semi-structured interview protocols were used, and symbolic interactionism was employed to construe the meaning-making process of educators’ perceptions of cyberbullying. The interview data was reviewed and coded using NVivo qualitative data analysis software to identify the predominant themes. The findings of the thesis suggest that prospective and current teachers recognize that cyberbullying and sexting are escalating issues that present a problem in the school environment. The teachers use different strategies to manage cyberbullying, particularly in the context of the unique characteristics associated with cyberbullying and sexting. Finally, in terms of the perceptions related to training to mitigate problems like cyberbullying, pre-service educators’ responses suggest that not many have adequate classroom management training before beginning their teaching careers and feel unprepared for managing student behaviours, both offline and online, in their classrooms. The research presented in the thesis offers a unique contribution to the literature and extends the knowledge base on how cyberbullying is managed in the school environment.
Can Large Language Models be Explainable and Safe with Knowledge Graphs and Workflows?
Creators: name: Manas Gaur
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Knowledge-infused Learning
Explainability
Safety
Conversational Systems
Process Knowledge
Knowledge Workflows
ChatGPT
Large Language Models

description: Conversational Systems (CSys) represent practical and tangible outcomes of advances in NLP and AI. CSys see continuous improvements through unsupervised training of large language models (LLMs) on a humongous amount of generic training data. However, when these CSys are suggested for use in domains like Mental Health, they fail to match the acceptable standards of clinical care, such as the clinical process in Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). The talk will present, Knowledge-infused Learning (KiL), a paradigm within NeuroSymbolic AI that focuses on making machine/deep learning models (i) learn over knowledge-enriched data, (ii) learn to follow guidelines in process-oriented tasks for safe and reasonable generation, and (iii) learn to leverage multiple contexts and stratified knowledge to yield user-level explanations. KiL established Knowledge-Intensive Language Understanding, a set of tasks for assessing safety, explainability, and conceptual flow in CSys.
description: Thanks to Amit Sheth, my PhD. advisor and founding director of Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of South Carolina. This work is part of a collective efforts from my students at KAI2-lab UMBC: https://www.linkedin.com/company/kai2
description: {"references": ["Gaur, Manas. (2023). \"Targeted Knowledge Infusion To Make Conversational AI Explainable and Safe.\" UMBC Computer Science and Electrical Engineering Department Collection.", "Gaur, Manas. (2022). \"Knowledge-Infused Learning.\"", "Sheth, Amit, et al. (2022). \"Process Knowledge-Infused AI: Toward User-Level Explainability, Interpretability, and Safety.\" IEEE Internet Computing.", "Gaur, Manas, et al. (2022). \"Iseeq: Information seeking question generation using dynamic meta-information retrieval and knowledge graphs.\" Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence.", "Lewis, Patrick, et al. (2020). \"Retrieval-augmented generation for knowledge-intensive nlp tasks.\" NIPS.", "Roy, Kaushik, et al. (2023). \"ProKnow: Process Knowledge for Safety Constrained and Explainable Question Generation for Mental Health Diagnostic Assistance.\" In Frontiers in Big Data.", "Bai, Yuntao, et al. (2022). \"Constitutional AI: Harmlessness from AI Feedback.\" arXiv preprint.", "Singhal, Karan, et al. (2022). \"Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge.\" arXiv preprint.", "Glaese, Amelia, et al. (2022). \"Improving alignment of dialogue agents via targeted human judgements.\" arXiv preprint", "Brown, Tom, et al. (2020). \"Language models are few-shot learners.\" NIPS", "Sheth, Amit, et al. (2021). \"Knowledge-intensive language understanding for explainable AI.\" IEEE Internet Computing."]}
Connecting the cosmic web to the spin of dark halos: implications for galaxy formation
Creators: name: Codis, Sandrine
name: Pichon, Christophe
name: Devriendt, Julien
name: Slyz, Adrianne
name: Pogosyan, Dmitry
name: Dubois, Yohan
name: Sousbie, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the alignment of the spin of dark matter halos relative (i) to the surrounding large-scale filamentary structure, and (ii) to the tidal tensor eigenvectors using the Horizon 4pi dark matter simulation which resolves over 43 million dark matter halos at redshift zero. We detect a clear mass transition: the spin of dark matter halos above a critical mass tends to be perpendicular to the closest filament, and aligned with the intermediate axis of the tidal tensor, whereas the spin of low-mass halos is more likely to be aligned with the closest filament. Furthermore, this critical mass of 5 10^12 is redshift-dependent and scales as (1+z)^-2.5. We propose an interpretation of this signal in terms of large-scale cosmic flows. In this picture, most low-mass halos are formed through the winding of flows embedded in misaligned walls; hence they acquire a spin parallel to the axis of the resulting filaments forming at the intersection of these walls. On the other hand, more massive halos are typically the products of later mergers along such filaments, and thus they acquire a spin perpendicular to this direction when their orbital angular momentum is converted into spin. We show that this scenario is consistent with both the measured excess probabilities of alignment w.r.t. the eigen-directions of the tidal tensor, and halo merger histories. On a more qualitative level, it also seems compatible with 3D visualization of the structure of the cosmic web as traced by "smoothed" dark matter simulations or gas tracer particles. Finally, it provides extra support to the disc forming paradigm presented by Pichon et al (2011) as it extends it by characterizing the geometry of secondary infall at high redshift.
description: 18 pages; 14 figures; accepted by MNRAS
Synthesis and Characterization of Azaheterocycle Containing Non-Fullerene Acceptors
Creators: name: Turnbull, David Robert
Publisher: name: Science
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Organic materials
subject: Organic chemistry
subject: Non-fullerene acceptor
subject: Chemistry--Organic

description: This thesis details the synthesis and characterization of new azaheterocycle containing non-fullerene acceptors for use in organic photovoltaics (OPV). Herein, we present two independent studies where azaheterocycles serve different uses. Chapter one introduces non-fullerene acceptors including current limitations in the field and the different azaheterocycles to be used within this work. Chapter two goes over the computational studies undertaken prior to synthetic work to confirm the validity of synthetic targets. Chapter three details the design, synthesis, and characterization of two fused electron acceptors using bis trifluoromethyl naphthyridine as an endcap. These molecules were implemented in devices via our collaborator Dr. Greg Welch where devices gave a performance of around 0.1% PCE. Chapter four includes the design, synthesis, and characterization of three new non-fused electron acceptors using diazaheterocycles as the central unit to influence morphology and the effects from different isomer conformation. All final compounds were further characterized via UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry.
Relativity accommodates superluminal mean velocities
Creators: name: Alles, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Contrary to a widespread belief, measures of velocity can yield a value larger than $c$, the instantaneous light speed in vacuum, without contradicting Einstein's relativity. Nevertheless, the effect turns out to be too small to explain the recently claimed superluminal velocity by the OPERA collaboration. Several other general relativistic effects acting on the OPERA neutrinos are also analyzed. All of them are unable to explain the OPERA result.
description: 5 pages; Latex source, 2 eps figures (expanded discussion, a few typos corrected, some refs. added)
Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Sport-Related Concussion in Youth
Creators: name: PINKY, NAJRATUN NAYEM
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Concussion
subject: image processing
subject: multimodal
subject: MRI
subject: fMRI
subject: Diffusion
subject: Perfusion
subject: Susceptibility
subject: brain injury
subject: sports
subject: mTBI
subject: Education--Health
subject: Education--Sciences
subject: Anthropology--Physical
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Radiology
subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide several measurements relevant to sport-related concussion (SRC) symptoms; however, most studies to date have used a single MRI modality and whole-brain exploratory analysis approaches, resulting in highly variable findings across studies. A multimodal MRI approach that combines complementary structural and functional information is more likely to yield consistent findings and thus a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of concussion. The current thesis used multimodal MRI (resting-state functional MRI for functional connection strength and spontaneous activity magnitude, arterial spin labelling (ASL) for cerebral blood flow (CBF), quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for detection of iron accumulation due to inflammation, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for white mater integrity) to investigate SRC in youth aged 12-18 years. The studies consisted of symptom-guided region-of-interest analysis of the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and connecting white matter tracts; a whole-brain exploratory analysis; and a DTI histogram analysis of white matter tracts. Our region-of-interest study demonstrated that youth SRC is associated with acute cerebellar inflammation accompanied by reduced cerebellar activity and cerebellar-parietal connectivity, as well as structural changes of the middle regions of corpus callosum accompanied by functional changes of caudate, all of which resolve with recovery. Whole brain analysis demonstrated that youth SRC is also associated with changes in activity magnitude and CBF in the frontal and occipital poles, in the basal ganglia, and in limbic cortical areas. Residual effects were also present in recovered youth. DTI histogram analysis of white matter tracts revealed an increase in diffusivity skewness within the uncinate fasciculus, a major tract that connects the orbitofrontal cortex to the temporal lobe. The findings revealed by each MRI modality exhibit complementary information on mechanisms of youth SRC, and additional complementary information on concussion mechanisms is gained by using different analysis approaches of multimodal MRI data. Our studies also demonstrates that most changes occur within the first few days post-injury, and hence early MRI is needed to better elucidate brain mechanisms of concussion and symptoms, and to reach the potential of MRI as an objective biomarker for concussion diagnosis, recovery assessment and prediction of outcome.
Isospectral Mathieu-Hill Operators
Creators: name: Veliev, O. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we prove that the spectrum of the Mathieu-Hill Operators with potentials ae^{-i2πx}+be^{i2πx} and ce^{-i2πx}+de^{i2πx} are the same if and only if ab=cd, where a,b,c and d are complex numbers. This result implies some corollaries about the extension of Harrell-Avron-Simon formula. Moreover, we find explicit formulas for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the t-periodic boundary value problem for the Hill operator with Gasymov's potential.
YBCO-buffered NdBCO film with higher thermal stability in seeding REBCO Growth
Creators: name: Xu, H. H.
name: Chen, Y. Y.
name: Cheng, L.
name: Yan, S. B.
name: Yu, D. J.
name: Yao, X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82d55

description: In this work, we report a strengthened superheating effect caused by a buffering YBa2Cu3Oy (Y123 or YBCO) layer in the Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-y (Nd123 or NdBCO) thin film with MgO substrate (i.e., NdBCO/YBCO/MgO thin film). In the cold-seeding melt-textured (MT) growth, the NdBCO/YBCO/MgO film presented an even higher superheating level, about 20 °C higher than that of non-buffered NdBCO film (i.e., NdBCO/MgO film). Using this NdBCO/YBCO/MgO film as seeds and undergoing a maximum processing temperature (Tmax) up to 1120 °C, we succeeded in growing various RE1+xBa2-xCu3O7-y (REBCO, RE=rare elements) bulk superconductors, including Gd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-y (GdBCO), Sm1+xBa2-xCu3O7-y (SmBCO) and NdBCO that have high peritectic temperatures (Tp). The pole figure (X-Ray ϕ-scan) measurement reveals that the NdBCO/YBCO/MgO film has better in-plane alignment than the NdBCO/MgO film, indicating that the induced intermediate layer improves the crystallinity of the NdBCO film, which could be the main origin of the enhanced thermal stability. In short, possessing higher thermal stability and enduring a higher Tmax in the MT process, the NdBCO/YBCO/MgO film is beneficial to the growth of bulk superconductors in two aspects: (1) broad application for high-Tp REBCO materials; (2) effective suppression against heterogeneous nucleation, which is of great assistance in growing large and high-performance REBCO crystals.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Examining the Legal Compatibility and Regulation of Distributed Ledger Technology in Facilitating Decentralized Energy in Nigeria
Creators: name: Olugbemi, Akinbobola Olukayode
Publisher: name: Law
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Electricity
subject: Blockchain
subject: Legal Regulation
subject: Nigeria
subject: Education--Technology
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Energy

description: Nigeria has a huge electricity access deficit that has plagued the country for long time. This deficit has been estimated to cut out about 43.5% of Nigerians from access to electricity. To solve this challenge, the government has tried out different solutions, albeit with the same results. The Nigerian electricity industry was privatized in 2005 after the Electric Power Sector Reform Act was passed, yet, the electricity grid and components, regulation remained centralized, with recurring electricity grid collapses, corruption issues, poor data retention and poorly planned and executed government policies towards solving the issues. With the privatization and continuing grid collapses, this thesis proposes the decentralization of the electricity industry in Nigeria. More importantly, this thesis proposes that for easy monitoring, and elimination of human manipulation (through the issues of corruption, non-payment for electricity services and the outright “forgetting” of obligations by parties), distributed ledger technology or blockchain should be integrated to the distributed generation process. The integration of blockchain into the process will provide for peer-to-peer electricity trading system, data storage, retention and distribution, renewable energy certificate verification, improve payment integration and allow real-time monitoring of electricity generated, distributed, used while allowing for accurate projections on energy use. This thesis considers the legal implications and impediments for this integration.
Giant anisotropic band flattening in twisted $Γ$ valley semiconductor bilayers
Creators: name: Wang, Huan
name: Liu, Zhaochen
name: Jiang, Yadong
name: Wang, Jing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general theory of anisotropic band flattening in moiré systems at the $Γ$ valley. For a two-dimensional semiconductor with a rectangular unit cell of $C_{2z}$ or mirror symmetries, we find that a larger effective mass anisotropy $η=m_y/m_x$ of the valence or conduction bands in the monolayer will have a stronger tendency to be further enhanced in its twisted bilayer. This gives rise to strong anisotropic band flattening and correlated physics in one dimension effectively. We predict twisted bilayer black phosphorus (tBBP) has giant anisotropic flattened moiré bands ($η\sim10^4$) from ab initio calculations and continuum model, where the low energy physics is described by the weakly coupled array of one-dimensional wires. We further calculate the phase diagram based on the sliding Luttinger liquid by including the screened Coulomb interactions in tBBP, and find a large parameter space may host the non-Fermi liquid phase. We thus establish tBBP as a promising and experimentally accessible platform for exploring correlated physics in low dimensions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Procedural Justice, Therapeutic Jurisprudence, and Reoffending: Adjudicating Palestinian Minors in the West Bank’s Military Court
Creators: name: Farber, Shai
name: Erez, Edna
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The Juvenile Military Court (JMC), established in 2009 in the West Bank, handles offenses perpetrated by Palestinian minors, consisting mostly of security-related violations. With the establishment of the JMC, and a subsequent three-stage legal reform in handling juvenile offenders, Palestinian minor suspects and defendants have been accorded various procedural rights. This study addresses the impact of these rights on the criminal careers of Palestinian minors appearing in the JMC. It first reviews the demographic profile of 8,301 minors handled by the JMC between 2000 and 2018, describes their offenses, and offense transition between their initial and second arrest. Using trend analysis, the study compares minors’ reoffending level in the years before and after the reform. The findings suggest significant differences in minors’ reoffending level between the years preceding and following the legal reform. Possible explanations for the findings are offered, and the article concludes with policy implications and directions for future research.
Disordered locality and Lorentz dispersion relations: an explicit model of quantum foam
Creators: name: Caravelli, Francesco
name: Markopoulou, Fotini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using the framework of Quantum Graphity, we construct an explicit model of a quantum foam, a quantum spacetime with spatial non-local links. The states depend on two parameters: the minimal size of the link and their density with respect to this length. Macroscopic Lorentz invariance requires that the quantum superposition of spacetimes is suppressed by the length of these non-local links. We parametrize this suppression by the distribution of non-local links lengths in the quantum foam. We discuss the general case and then analyze two specific natural distributions. Corrections to the Lorentz dispersion relations are calculated using techniques developed in previous work.
description: 23 pages, 5 figures
Longitudinal spin fluctuations driving field-reinforced superconductivity in UTe$_2$
Creators: name: Tokunaga, Yo
name: Sakai, Hironori
name: Kambe, Shinsaku
name: Opletal, Petr
name: Tokiwa, Yoshifumi
name: Haga, Yoshinori
name: Kitagawa, Shunsaku
name: Ishida, Kenji
name: Aoki, Dai
name: Knebel, Georg
name: Lapertot, Gerard
name: Krämer, Steffen
name: Horvatić, Mladen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our measurements of $^{125}$Te NMR relaxations reveal an enhancement of electronic spin fluctuations above $μ_0H^*\sim15$ T, leading to their divergence in the vicinity of the metamagnetic transition at $μ_0H_m\approx35$ T, below which field-reinforced superconductivity appears when a magnetic field ($H$) is applied along the crystallographic $b$ axis. The NMR data evidence that these fluctuations are dominantly longitudinal, providing a key to understanding the peculiar superconducting phase diagram in $H\|b$, where such fluctuations enhance the pairing interactions.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Visual Glossary Of Insect Morphology
Creators: name: Seal, Michaela
name: Duclos, Kevin
name: Carson, Arminty
name: Summers, Mindi
Publisher: name: Biological Sciences
Year: 2022
Subjects: insect
entomology
guide

description: A visual glossary of insect morphology created for undergraduate students and those new to insect identification. A description and visualization is provided for key features and terminology needed to identify insects to order. Links are provided to two- and three-dimensional models of insects to provide further examples of morphological variation. We welcome recommendations for additions and updates from the entomological community.
MOESM1 of Fossils from South China redefine the ancestral euarthropod body plan
Creators: name: Aria, Cédric
name: Zhao, Fangchen
name: Zeng, Han
name: Guo, Jin
name: Zhu, Maoyan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Cardiology

description: Additional file 1 Figure S1. Anatomical comparison between Sklerolibyon maomima gen. et sp. nov. and Fortiforceps foliosa. a, b, Sklerolibyon maomima gen. et sp. nov. NIGPAS 169962, holotype, from Mafang. a, counterpart (negative imprint), with posterior end missing, shown here after applying inversion of light patterns, in order to show the positive and natural ornamentation. See also Fig. 1d. b, part (positive) with anterior section missing. Inset is Fig. 4a. c, YKLP 11350, paratype, close-up of the anterior region showing limb arrangement; note occasional overlap of endopods from both sides (double arrows). d, e, f, Fortiforceps foliosa. d, e, NIGPAS 169954, from Mafang. d, whole body. Insets are e, Fig. 3a and Fig. 4b, as indicated. e, close-up of endopod, showing a likely heptopodomerous condition. See also d. f, NIGPAS 169955, from Mafang, whole body; arrowheads point to partially phosphatized filamentous structures at the base of trunk limbs. All pictures taken in non-polarized light and dry. Scale bars: 1 mm (a, b), 2 mm (c, d). Figure S2. Segmentation patterns in Jianfengia multisegmentalis. a, b, CPS 1611, from Dapotou. a, Whole body, reconstructed from graphically adding the counterpart (posterior end) to the part (anterior end). b, Close-up of the cephalon, showing great appendages and both pairs of biramous cephalic limbs, from both left and right sides of the animal. c, NIGPAS 169958, from Mafang, whole body. d, CJHMD 0022, from Heimadi, whole body. e, CJHMD 0021, from Heimadi, whole body. All pictures taken in non-polarized light and dry. Scale bar: 1 mm. Figure S3. Morphological details in Jianfengia multisegmentalis. NIGPAS 169961, from Jiucun. a, Whole body. b, Close-up of anterior portion of head, showing anterior margin of cephalic shield and anteriormost body morphology. c, Close-up of biramous trunk limbs. d, Close-up of posterior end of body, showing posterior trunk limbs spread out. e-h, Close-ups of trunk sections, from anterior to posterior, showing details of intersegmental articulation. Arrowheads in b point to anterior margin of cephalic shield. All pictures taken in non-polarized light and dry. Scale bars: 1 mm (a, c, d), 0.5 mm (b, e-h). Figure S4. Consensus cladogram of a Bayesian analysis (Mkv + Γ model) of panarthropod relationships. Numbers next to nodes are posterior probabilities.
Effects of correlation in LiFeAs
Creators: name: Ferber, Johannes
name: Foyevtsova, Kateryna
name: Valenti, Roser
name: Jeschke, Harald O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the role of electronic correlations in the iron-based superconductor LiFeAs by studying the effects on band structure, mass enhancements, and Fermi surface in the framework of density functional theory combined with dynamical mean field theory calculations. We conclude that LiFeAs shows characteristics of a moderately correlated metal and that the strength of correlations is mainly controlled by the value of the Hund's rule coupling J. The hole pockets of the Fermi surface show a distinctive change in form and size with implications for the nesting properties. Our calculations are in good agreement with recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and de Haas-van Alphen experiments.
description: This version includes minor additions and shows experimental dHvA data for easier comparison. Accepted for publication in Physical Review B (in press). 7 pages, 9 figures
Application of game theory in wireless communication networks
Creators: name: Huang, Wei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: The ability to model independent decision makers whose actions potentially affect other decision makers makes game theory attractive to analyze the performances of wireless communication systems. Recently, there has been growing interest in adopting game theoretic methods to wireless networks for power control, rate adaptation and channel access schemes. This thesis focuses the application of dynamic game theory and mechanism design in cognitive radio networks, Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems. The first part of the thesis aims to optimize the system performance through the transmission rate adaptation among wireless network users. The optimal transmission policy of each user is analyzed by formulating such a problem under general-sum Markov game framework. Structural results are obtained and provably convergent stochastic approximation algorithm that can estimate the optimal transmission policies are proposed. Especially, in the switching control Markov game theoretic rate adaptation formulation, it is proved that the optimal transmission policies are monotone in channel state and there exists a Nash equilibrium at which every user deploys a monotone transmission policy. This structural result leads to a particularly efficient stochastic-approximation-based adaptive learning algorithm and a simple distributed implementation of the transmission rate control. This thesis also considers the spectrum allocation problem in an LTE system. By incorporating cognitive capacities into femtocell base stations, the Home Node-Bs (HNBs) can be formulated as cognitive base stations competing for the spectrum resource while trying to minimize the interference introduced to the evolved Node-B (eNB) which is also referred as primary base station. Given the primary base station spectrum occupancy, the spectrum allocation problem among HNBs can be formulated under game theoretic framework. The correlated equilibrium solution of such a problem is being investigated. A distributed Resource Block (RB) access algorithm and a correlated equilibrium Q-learning algorithm are proposed to compute the spectrum allocation solutions under static and dynamic environments, respectively. The last part of the thesis uses mechanism design to design a truth revealing opportunistic scheduling system in a cognitive radio system. A mechanism learning algorithm is provided for users to learn the mechanism and to obtain the Nash equilibrium policy.