cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Annotation-free Restoration Network for Cataractous Fundus Images
Creators: name: Li, Heng
name: Liu, Haofeng
name: Hu, Yan
name: Fu, Huazhu
name: Zhao, Yitian
name: Miao, Hanpei
name: Liu, Jiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cataracts are the leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Restoration algorithms are developed to improve the readability of cataract fundus images in order to increase the certainty in diagnosis and treatment for cataract patients. Unfortunately, the requirement of annotation limits the application of these algorithms in clinics. This paper proposes a network to annotation-freely restore cataractous fundus images (ArcNet) so as to boost the clinical practicability of restoration. Annotations are unnecessary in ArcNet, where the high-frequency component is extracted from fundus images to replace segmentation in the preservation of retinal structures. The restoration model is learned from the synthesized images and adapted to real cataract images. Extensive experiments are implemented to verify the performance and effectiveness of ArcNet. Favorable performance is achieved using ArcNet against state-of-the-art algorithms, and the diagnosis of ocular fundus diseases in cataract patients is promoted by ArcNet. The capability of properly restoring cataractous images in the absence of annotated data promises the proposed algorithm outstanding clinical practicability.
description: Copyright 2022 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works
Fibonacci direct product variation tilings
Creators: name: Baake, Michael
name: Gähler, Franz
name: Mazáč, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 52C23, 37B50

description: The direct product of two Fibonacci tilings can be described as a genuine stone inflation rule with four prototiles. This rule admits various modifications, which lead to 48 different inflation rules, known as the direct product variations. They all result in tilings that are measure-theoretically isomorphic by the Halmos--von Neumann theorem. They can be described as cut and project sets with characteristic windows in a two-dimensional Euclidean internal space. Here, we analyse and classify them further, in particular with respect to topological conjugacy.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures; revised version with minor improvements
Delivering IT as A Utility- A Systematic Review
Creators: name: Chana, Inderveer
name: Kaur, Tarandeep
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 68-02[Survey Article]

description: Utility Computing has facilitated the creation of new markets that has made it possible to realize the long held dream of delivering IT as a Utility. Even though utility computing is in its nascent stage today, the proponents of utility computing envisage that it will become a commodity business in the upcoming time and utility service providers will meet all the IT requests of the companies. This paper takes a cross-sectional view at the emergence of utility computing along with different requirements needed to realize utility model. It also surveys the current trends in utility computing highlighting diverse architecture models aligned towards delivering IT as a utility. Different resource management systems for proficient allocation of resources have been listed together with various resource scheduling and pricing strategies used by them. Further, a review of generic key perspectives closely related to the concept of delivering IT as a Utility has been taken citing the contenders for the future enhancements in this technology in the form of Grid and Cloud Computing.
description: No. of Pages- 20 No. of Figures- 3 No. of Tables- 11
Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation for a multi-component system
Creators: name: Denicol, G. S.
name: Niemi, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive the non-equilibrium single-particle momentum distribution function of a hadron resonance gas. We then study the effects that this newly derived expression can have in the freeze-out description of fluid-dynamical models of heavy ion collisions and compare it with the method traditionally employed, the 14-moment approximation.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitted to the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Ultrarelativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, Quark Matter 2012, August 13-18, 2012, Washington DC
Continuous entanglement distribution over a transnational 248 km fibre link
Creators: name: Neumann, Sebastian Philipp
name: Buchner, Alexander
name: Bulla, Lukas
name: Bohmann, Martin
name: Ursin, Rupert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement is the basis of many quantum applications. The technically most mature of them, quantum key distribution, harnesses quantum correlations of entangled photons to produce cryptographic keys of provably unbreakable security. A key challenge in this context is the establishment of continuously working, reliable long-distance distributions of entanglement. However, connections via satellites don't allow for interruption-free operation, and deployed fibre implementations have so far been limited to less than 100 km by losses, a few hours of duty time, or use trusted nodes. Here, we present a continuously working international link between Austria and Slovakia, directly distributing polarization-entangled photon pairs via 248 km of deployed telecommunication fibre. Despite 79 dB loss, we measure stable pair rates of 9 s$^{-1}$ over an exemplary operation time of 110 hours. We mitigate multi-pair detections with strict temporal filtering, enabled by nonlocal compensation of chromatic dispersion. Fully automatized active polarization stabilization keeps the entangled state's visibility at 86 % for altogether 82 hours, producing 403 kbit of quantum-secure key at a rate of 1.4 bits/s. Our work paves the way for low-maintenance, ultra-stable quantum communication over long distances, independent of cloud coverage and time of day, thus constituting an important step towards the quantum internet.
description: 23 pages, 6 figures
Responding to the Respondents: Taking the Research Agenda Forward
Creators: name: Homberger, Adrienne
name: Kirchhoff, Maren
name: Mallet-Garcia, Marie
name: Ataç, Ilker
name: Güntner, Simon
name: Spencer, Sarah
Publisher: name: Journal of Migration Studies
Year: 2022

description: Journal of Migration Studies, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2022)
Inhomogeneous shear of orthotropic incompressible non-linearly elastic solids: singular solutions and biomechanical interpretation
Creators: name: Destrade, Michel
name: Saccomandi, Giuseppe
name: Sgura, Ivonne
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a detailed study of rectilinear shear deformation in the framework of orthotropic nonlinear elasticity, under Dirichlet and mixed-boundary conditions. We take a slab made of a soft matrix, reinforced with two families of extensible fibers. We consider the case where the shear occurs along the bissectrix of the angle between the two privileged directions aligned with the fibers. We show that if the two families of parallel fibers are mechanically equivalent, then only smooth solutions are possible, whereas if the mechanical differences among the two families of fibers is pronounced, then strain singularities may develop. We determine the precise conditions for the existence of such singular solutions for the standard reinforcing orthotropic model. We then extend our findings to some orthotropic models of interest in biomechanical applications, and we discuss the possible relevance of the singular solutions to biomechanics.
Close to the Field: The Artistic Portrayal of Seasonal Workers in Germany
Creators: name: Dogramaci, Burcu
Publisher: name: Journal of Migration Studies
Year: 2022

description: This article examines contemporary artistic engagement with the theme of Eastern European seasonal migration in German agriculture. Seasonal labor of Eastern European workers in agriculture has been an integral part of German history since at least the 19th century. Migrant workers from what is now Poland in particular have provided seasonal help during harvest times. The advantage for the farms was (and remains today) that the workers did not have to be employed permanently, especially not in winter, but were hired and paid specifically for the harvest season. It was not until the current pandemic that the public became aware of the situation of temporarily migrating harvest workers, due to the high numbers of infections on asparagus farms, for example. This article enquires into art’s specific approaches to the subject: recent works by the artist Andrea Büttner and the photographer Irina Ruppert, who have dealt with harvest workers and their work in recent years, were selected. In this essay, the social and historical contexts are put into perspective as are the artistic and photographic traditions within which Büttner and Ruppert operate. The guiding question is how artistic means are used to make visible a practice that is socially invisible or marginalized, such as seasonal labor migration. Dicht am Feld: Saisonarbeiter*innen in Deutschland im Blick zeitgenössischer Kunst und Fotografie Dieser Beitrag untersucht zeitgenössische künstlerische Auseinandersetzungen mit dem Thema der osteuropäischen saisonalen Migration in der deutschen Landwirtschaft. Die Saisonarbeit osteuropäischer Arbeitskräfte ist mindestens seit dem 19. Jahrhundert ein fester Bestandteil der deutschen Geschichte. Vor allem Arbeitsmigrant*innen aus dem heutigen Polen halfen in der Erntezeit aus. Der Vorteil für die Betriebe war (und ist auch heute noch), dass die Arbeiter*innen nicht dauerhaft, vor allem nicht im Winter, beschäftigt werden mussten, sondern gezielt für die Erntezeit eingestellt und bezahlt wurden. Erst im Zuge der aktuellen Pandemie wurde die Öffentlichkeit durch die hohen Infektionszahlen, z.B. auf Spargelhöfen, auf die Situation der temporär migrierenden Erntehelfer*innen aufmerksam. Der Beitrag fragt nach den spezifischen Zugängen der Kunst zu diesem Thema: Ausgewählt wurden aktuelle Arbeiten der Künstlerin Andrea Büttner und der Fotografin Irina Ruppert, die sich in den letzten Jahren mit Erntehelfer*innen und ihrer Arbeit auseinandersetzten. In diesem Essay werden die sozialen und historischen Kontexte ebenso diskutiert wie die künstlerischen und fotografischen Traditionen, in denen sich Büttner und Ruppert bewegen. Zentral ist dabei die Frage, wie mit künstlerischen Mitteln eine gesellschaftlich unsichtbare oder marginalisierte Praxis wie die saisonale Arbeitsmigration sichtbar gemacht wird.
description: Journal of Migration Studies, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2022)
Cosmic Clocks
Creators: name: Jeong, Donghui
name: Schmidt, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a perturbed Universe, comoving tracers on a two-dimensional surface of constant observed redshift are at different proper time since the Big Bang. For tracers whose age is known independently, one can measure these perturbations of the proper time. Examples of such sources include cosmic events which only happen during a short period of cosmic history, as well as evolving standard candles and standard rulers. In this paper we derive a general gauge-invariant linear expression for this perturbation in terms of space-time perturbations. As an example, we show that the observed temperature perturbations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) on large scales are exactly given by these proper time perturbations. Together with the six ruler perturbations derived in Schmidt and Jeong (2012), this completes the set of independent observables which can be measured with standard rulers and candles.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures
Digital Disparities: A Comparative Web Measurement Study Across Economic Boundaries
Creators: name: Bhuiyan, Masudul Hasan Masud
name: Varvello, Matteo
name: Staicu, Cristian-Alexandru
name: Zaki, Yasir
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2025

description: While internet usage is slowly catching up globally, it is still unclear how the web experience differs in developing and developed countries. On the one hand, the web has a notoriously large inertia, with many webpages still relying on unencrypted HTTP, deprecated web features, or old and buggy libraries. On the other hand, developing countries are expected to leapfrog and directly adopt the newest technologies by learning from the prior mistakes of more developed countries. Anecdotal evidence suggests that webpages in developing and developed regions differ significantly. In this work, we test this hypothesis by measuring differences in web development practices across the two groups of countries, using multiple dimensions: webpages' size, complexity, security, privacy, quality, technology adoption, and accessibility. Concretely, we collect the largest dataset to date that compares web development practices across developed and developing regions -- 200,000 webpages across 20 countries -- which we aim to open source along with this publication. Our findings reveal that webpages in developing regions are generally smaller and simpler, utilizing fewer requests — an adaptation that improves the performance over slower network conditions common in these areas. However, these sites are less optimized in other critical aspects: they frequently employ inefficient image formats, include unnecessary JavaScript or CSS code, or lack responsive image designs. Notably, our security assessment shows developing regions lagging in HTTPS adoption and vulnerability mitigation, possibly due to lower awareness of best practices.
FAIR Ontology Metadata - Crucial Information for Understanding, Evaluation, and Application
Creators: name: Arndt, Susanne
name: Borgelt, Hendrik
name: Strömert, Philip
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This presentation was part of the 2nd Ontologies4Chem Workshop held online 11.-12.10.2023.
---
Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under the National Research Data Infrastructure – NFDI4Chem – Projektnummer 441958208.
Tracing Galaxies Through Cosmic Time with Number Density Selection
Creators: name: Leja, Joel
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
name: Franx, Marijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A central challenge in observational studies of galaxy formation is how to associate progenitor galaxies with their descendants at lower redshifts. One promising approach is to link galaxies at fixed number density, rather than fixed luminosity or mass. This method is effective if stellar mass rank order is broadly conserved through cosmic time. In this paper, we use the Guo et al. (2011) semi-analytical model to analyze under what circumstances this assumption is valid in the context of a cosmological simulation. Specifically, we select progenitor galaxies at a constant number density and compare the stellar mass evolution of their descendants to the evolution at a constant number density. The median stellar mass of the descendants increases by a factor of four (0.6 dex) from z = 3 to z = 0. Constant number density selection reproduces this to within 40% (0.15 dex) over a wide range of number densities. We show that the discrepancy primarily results from scatter in the stellar mass growth rates and merging. After applying simple, observationally-based corrections for these processes, the discrepancy is reduced to 12% (0.05 dex). We conclude that number density selection can be used to predict the median descendant mass of high-redshift progenitor galaxies. The main uncertainty in this study is that semi-analytical models do not reproduce the observed mass evolution of galaxies, which makes the quantitative aggregate effects of star formation, merging, and quenching on the rank order of galaxies somewhat uncertain.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 table; accepted for publication in ApJ
Continuous-variable measurement device independent quantum conferencing with post-selection
Creators: name: Fletcher, Alasdair I.
name: Pirandola, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A continuous variable (CV), measurement device independent (MDI) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol is analyzed, enabling three parties to connect for quantum conferencing. We utilise a generalised Bell detection at an untrusted relay and a postselection procedure, in which distant parties reconcile on the signs of the displacements of the quadratures of their prepared coherent states. We derive the rate of the protocol under a collective pure-loss attack, demonstrating improved rate-distance performance compared to the equivalent non-post-selected protocol. In the symmetric configuration in which all the parties lie the same distance from the relay, we find a positive key rate over 6 km. Such postselection techniques can be used to improve the rate of multi-party quantum conferencing protocols at longer distances at the cost of reduced performance at shorter distances.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Einstellungen junger Erwachsener gegenüber Familien anderer ethnischer Herkunft – Zusammenhänge mit interethnischen Kontakten und Freundschaften
Creators: name: Zimmer, Veronika
name: Stein, Margit
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Migrationsforschung
Year: 2022

description: Der Beitrag bietet gestützt auf eine Fragebogenbefragung einen Überblick über die Einstellungen junger Erwachsener mit und ohne Migrationshintergrund (n= 1.090) zur soziokulturellen Diversität anhand der Frage, ob Familien anderer ethnischer Herkunft als Nachbar:innen akzeptiert würden. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Hilfe eines Pfadmodells zwischen dem Migrationshintergrund (Prädiktor) und der Einstellung zu Familien unterschiedlicher ethnischer Herkunft (Kriterium) unter Berücksichtigung von interethnischen Kontakten in unterschiedlichen Kontexten sowie sozioökonomischer Variablen diskutiert. Interethnische Kontakte, insbesondere in der Nachbarschaft und im erweiterten Freundeskreis, tragen, wenn sie als qualitativ positiv erfahren werden, zu positiveren Einstellungen gegenüber Menschen anderen ethnischen Hintergrundes bei. Attitudes of Young Adults with and without Migration Background towards Families of Other Ethnic Background – Correlation with Interethnic Contacts and Friendships Based on a questionnaire survey, this article offers an overview of the attitudes of young adults with and without migration background (n= 1.090) towards ethnic diversity, operationalized via the acceptance of families of other ethnic origin as neighbors. The results are analyzed via a path model between migration background (predictor) and the attitudes towards families of different ethnic background (criterion), taking into account contacts with people of different ethnic background in different contexts and socioeconomic variables. The results indicate that experiencing inter‐ethnic contacts especially in the neighborhood and within close friendships can lead to more positive attitudes towards people of different ethnic background.
description: Zeitschrift für Migrationsforschung, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2022)
Alles hat seine Zeit? Zeittheoretische Perspektiven auf Arbeit und Migration
Creators: name: Carstensen, Anne Lisa
Publisher: name: Zeitschrift für Migrationsforschung
Year: 2022

description: Vermehrt wird in der Migrationsforschung auf die konstitutive Rolle von Zeit hingewiesen. Auch der Umgang mit Unsicherheit und fehlender Planbarkeit von Seiten der Migrant*innen ist dabei zentral. Besonders deutlich tritt dies mit Blick auf die Arbeitsmarktinklusion zutage, welche häufig durch zeitliche Begrenzung von Migrationsprojekten sowie von Arbeits- und Aufenthaltsgenehmigungen geprägt ist. Die zentrale These dieses Beitrags lautet, dass die Zeitperspektive dazu beiträgt, Konflikte in der Arbeitswelt besser zu verstehen, und der Fokus auf arbeitsbezogene Konflikte zugleich auch zu einer theoretischen Schärfung der Zeitdimension beiträgt. Ziel des konzeptionellen Artikels ist es, die Forschung zu Arbeitsmigration und sozialwissenschaftliche Zeitforschung zusammenzubringen und mögliche heuristische und methodologische Zugänge zu diesem Feld auszuloten. There is a Time for Everything? Time‐Theoretical Perspectives on Work and Migration Migration research increasingly highlights the constitutive role of time. Also, migrantsʹ dealing with uncertainty and the lack of predictability is important. This is particularly evident with regard to labor market inclusion, which is often characterized by temporally limited migration projects as well as work and residence permits. The central argument of this article is that the time perspective helps to better understand conflicts in the world of work and that the focus on conflicts also contributes to a theoretical sharpening of the temporal dimension. The aim of this conceptual article is to bring together research on labor migration and social science research on time and to explore possible heuristic and methodological approaches to this field.
description: Zeitschrift für Migrationsforschung, Bd. 2 Nr. 2 (2022)
Bulk charge density wave and electron-phonon coupling in superconducting copper oxychlorides
Creators: name: Chaix, Laura
name: Lebert, Blair W.
name: Miao, Hu
name: Nicolaou, Alessandro
name: Yakhou, Flora
name: Cercellier, H
name: Grenier, Stéphane
name: Brookes, N
name: Sulpice, A
name: Tsutsui, S
name: Bossak, A
name: Paolasini, L
name: Santos-Cottin, D
name: Yamamoto, H
name: Yamada, I
name: Azuma, M
name: Nishikubo, T
name: Yamamoto, T
name: Katsumata, M
name: Dean, M
name: d'Astuto, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bulk charge density waves are now reported in nearly all high-temperature superconducting cuprates, with the noticeable exception of one particular family: the copper oxychlorides. Here, we used resonant inelastic X-ray scattering to reveal a bulk charge density waves in these materials. Combining resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with non-resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, we investigate the interplay between the lattice excitations and the charge density wave, and evidence the phonon anomalies of the Cu-O bond-stretching mode at the charge density wave wave-vector. We propose that such electron-phonon anomalies occur in the presence of dispersive charge excitations emanating from the charge density wave and interacting with the Cu-O bond-stretching phonon. Our results pave the way for future studies, combining both bulk and surface probes, to investigate the static and dynamical properties of the charge density wave in the copper oxychloride family.
Synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission from radio galaxies with non-uniform magnetic field and electron distributions
Creators: name: Hardcastle, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I investigate the effect of non-uniform magnetic fields in the extended structures of radio galaxies on the observed synchrotron and inverse-Compton emission. On the assumption of an isotropic field, with a given power spectrum and a Gaussian distribution of the Cartesian components of the magnetic field strength, I derive a simple integral that can be used numerically to calculate the synchrotron emissivity from any electron population. In the case of power-law spectra, I show that it is possible to estimate the difference between the synchrotron emissivity from a region with such a field and that from the commonly assumed arrangement where $B$ is constant everywhere, though fully tangled, and that this difference is small, though it increases if the electron energy density scales with the field. An aged electron spectrum in such a field produces a characteristic curved synchrotron spectrum which differs significantly from the classical Jaffe-Perola spectrum, and I discuss some effects that this might have on standard spectral age fitting. Finally, I show that inverse-Compton scattering of the cosmic microwave background is only moderately affected by such a field structure, with the effects becoming more important if the electrons follow the field. Magnetic-field estimates in the literature from combined synchrotron and inverse-Compton modelling will give reasonable estimates of the mean magnetic field energy density if the field is non-uniform but isotropic.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures (some colour), accepted by MNRAS
Summary-level association statistics from linear regression models for HbA1c and DNA methylation beta values (Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC array) in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) cohort study of type 1 diabetes
Creators: name: Miller, Rachel
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Epigenetics (incl. genome methylation and epigenomics)

description: Full Table 1 from: Miller RG, Mychaleckyj JC, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Orchard TJ, Costacou T. TXNIP DNA methylation is associated with glycemic control over 28 years in type 1 diabetes: findings from the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study. BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. 2023; 11(1): e003068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003068. The file contains the CpG identifier, regression coefficient, standard error, and p-value for the estimated cross-sectional association between HbA1c (independent variable) and EPIC array DNA methylation beta values (dependent variable) at each CpG analyzed in linear models.
Bayesian Photonic Accelerators for Energy Efficient and Noise Robust Neural Processing
Creators: name: Sarantoglou, George
name: Bogris, Adonis
name: Mesaritakis, Charis
name: Theodoridis, Sergios
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Artificial neural networks are efficient computing platforms inspired by the brain. Such platforms can tackle a vast area of real-life tasks ranging from image processing to language translation. Silicon photonic integrated chips (PICs), by employing coherent interactions in Mach-Zehnder interferometers, are promising accelerators offering record low power consumption and ultra-fast matrix multiplication. Such photonic accelerators, however, suffer from phase uncertainty due to fabrication errors and crosstalk effects that inhibit the development of high-density implementations. In this work, we present a Bayesian learning framework for such photonic accelerators. In addition to the conventional log-likelihood optimization path, two novel training schemes are derived, namely a regularized version and a fully Bayesian learning scheme. They are applied on a photonic neural network with 512 phase shifters targeting the MNIST dataset. The new schemes, when combined with a pre-characterization stage that provides the passive offsets, are able to dramatically decrease the operational power of the PIC beyond 70%, with just a slight loss in classification accuracy. The full Bayesian scheme, apart from this energy reduction, returns information with respect to the sensitivity of the phase shifters. This information is used to de-activate 31% of the phase actuators and, thus, significantly simplify the driving system.
description: 10 pages, 8 figures
The 300km/s stellar stream near Segue 1: Insights From high-resolution spectroscopy of its brightest star
Creators: name: Frebel, Anna
name: Lunnan, Ragnhild
name: Casey, Andrew R.
name: Norris, John E.
name: Wyse, Rosemary F. G.
name: Gilmore, Gerard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a chemical abundance analysis of 300S-1, the brightest likely member star of the 300 km/s stream near the faint satellite galaxy Segue 1. From a high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectrum we determine a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.46 +- 0.05 +- 0.23 (random and systematic uncertainties) for star 300S-1, and find an abundance pattern similar to typical halo stars at this metallicity. Comparing our stellar parameters to theoretical isochrones, we estimate a distance of 18 +- 7 kpc. Both the metallicity and distance estimates are in good agreement with what can be inferred from comparing the SDSS photometric data of the stream stars to globular cluster sequences. While several other structures overlap with the stream in this part of the sky, the combination of kinematic, chemical and distance information makes it unlikely that these stars are associated with either the Segue 1 galaxy, the Sagittarius stream or the Orphan stream. Streams with halo-like abundance signatures, such as the 300 km/s stream, present another observational piece for understanding the accretion history of the Galactic halo.
description: 13 pages, emulateapj, accepted for publication in ApJ
Time-Delayed Reservoir Computing Based on Dual-Waveband Quantum-Dot Spin-Polarized Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser
Creators: name: Skontranis, M.
name: Sarantoglou, G.
name: Bogris, A.
name: Mesaritakis, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we present numerical results concerning a time-delayed reservoir computing scheme, where its single nonlinear node, is a Quantum-Dot spin polarized Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (QD s-VCSEL). The proposed photonic neuromorphic scheme, exploits the complex temporal dynamics of multiple energy states present in quantum dot materials and uses emission from two discrete wavebands and two polarization states, so as to enhance computational efficiency. The benchmark task used for this architecture, is the equalization of a distorted 25Gbaud PAM-4 signal after 50Km of transmission at 1550nm. Results confirm that although typical ground-state emitting quantum-dot nodes offer limited performance, due to bandwidth limitations; by exploiting dual emission, we achieved a one-hundred-fold improvement in bit-error rate. This performance boost can pave the way for the infiltration of quantum-dot based devices in high-speed demanding neuromorphic driven applications.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Materials Optics Express
Supplementary Material: Impaired immune function accompanies social evolution in spiders
Creators: name: Bechsgaard, Jesper
name: Jørgensen, Tove Hedegaard
name: Jønsson, Anne Katrine
name: Schou, Mads
name: Bilde, Trine
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: An efficient immune system is essential to the survival of many animals. Sociality increases risk of pathogen transmission, which should select for enhanced immune function. However, two hypotheses instead predict a weakened immune function: relaxed selection caused by social immunity/protection, and reduced efficacy of selection due to inbreeding, reproductive skew and female bias in social species that reduce effective population size and accelerate genetic drift. We assessed the effect of social evolution on immune function in a comparative study of two social spider species and their closely related subsocial sister species (genus Stegodyphus). The haemolymph of social species was less efficient in inhibiting bacterial growth of the potentially pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis than that of subsocial species. Reduced efficacy of selection in social species was supported by comparative genomic analysis showing substantially elevated non-synonymous substitutions in immune genes in one of the social species. We propose that impaired immune function results from reduced efficacy of selection because the evolution of sociality in spiders is accompanied by demographic processes that elevate genetic drift. Positive feedback between pathogen-induced local extinctions and the resulting elevation of genetic drift may further weaken responses to selection by pathogens, and threaten species persistence.
ИККИ КАРРАЛИ ФУРЬЕ ҚАТОРИНИНГ УЧБУРЧАКЛИ ҚИСМИЙ ЙИҒИНДИЛАРИ УЧУН ЛЕБЕГ ЎЗГАРМАСИНИ АСИМПТОТИК ҲОЛАТИ ҲАҚИДА
Creators: name: Атабаева, Д.Ж.
name: Буваев, Қ. Т.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Одатда (5) тенглик орқали киритилган нормага Лебег ўзгармаси дейилади ва уни  орқали белгилаймиз. Шундай қилиб, (4) ва (5) тенгликларга кўра Лебег ўзгармаси учун қуйидаги ифодага эга бўламиз:
Using your Learning Style Effectively.
Creators: name: Redway, Kerris
Publisher: name: Advanced Journal of Professional Practice
Year: 2023

description: An individual’s learning style refers to a choice in the method they process information, acquire knowledge and review content presented to them in a teaching environment (Curry, 1981). This article will discuss how to identify your learning style and top tips on how to best utilise it to optimise your learning experience.
description: Advanced Journal of Professional Practice, Vol 4 No 2 (2023)
EDITORIAL Bite-Sized Pedagogy in Experiential Learning Cycles and Effectiveness of Top Tips in Higher Education.
Creators: name: Parkin, Claire L.
Publisher: name: Advanced Journal of Professional Practice
Year: 2023

description: Bite-Sized learning is a modern approach to education that emphasises short, focused lessons that can be completed quickly and easily. Bite-Sized learning has become a popular strategy for delivering educational content in small, focused chunks. It has been shown to be effective in improving learning outcomes and productivity. This editorial focuses on the effectiveness of Bite-Sized learning and its benefits in relation to Kolb's model of experiential learning and provides rationale for Accepting Bite-Sized Pedagogical submissions to AJPP.
description: Advanced Journal of Professional Practice, Vol 4 No 2 (2023)
Bandlimited Signal Reconstruction From the Distribution of Unknown Sampling Locations
Creators: name: Kumar, Animesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the reconstruction of bandlimited fields from samples taken at unknown but statistically distributed sampling locations. The setup is motivated by distributed sampling where precise knowledge of sensor locations can be difficult. Periodic one-dimensional bandlimited fields are considered for sampling. Perfect samples of the field at independent and identically distributed locations are obtained. The statistical realization of sampling locations is not known. First, it is shown that a bandlimited field cannot be uniquely determined with samples taken at statistically distributed but unknown locations, even if the number of samples is infinite. Next, it is assumed that the order of sample locations is known. In this case, using insights from order-statistics, an estimate for the field with useful asymptotic properties is designed. Distortion (mean-squared error) and central-limit are established for this estimate.
description: Submitted to SampTA 2013 workshop
An introduction to Clinical Research for Health and Social Care Professionals (2022), by Ario Santini and Kenneth Eaton.
Creators: name: Afzal, Safa
Publisher: name: Advanced Journal of Professional Practice
Year: 2023

description: Ario Santini and Kenneth A. Eaton (2022) have created a valuable introduction to clinical research, which introduces readers to the topic as well as guiding them through the steps required to produce and publish clinical research. This book provides a broad and thorough understanding but acts more so as a gateway to the world of clinical research. This is a review of the book.
description: Advanced Journal of Professional Practice, Vol 4 No 1 (2023)
Search Strategy for MEDLINE (Ovid platform)
Creators: name: Telford, Lisa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 420603
subject: Health promotion
classificationCode: 420605
subject: Preventative health care

description: Full MEDLINE (Ovid platform) search strategy for a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal cohort studies.
A data-driven approach for the closure of RANS models by the divergence of the Reynolds Stress Tensor
Creators: name: Berrone, Stefano
name: Oberto, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In the present paper a new data-driven model is proposed to close and increase accuracy of RANS equations. The divergence of the Reynolds Stress Tensor (RST) is obtained through a Neural Network (NN) whose architecture and input choice guarantee both Galilean and coordinates-frame rotation. The former derives from the input choice of the NN while the latter from the expansion of the divergence of the RST into a vector basis. This approach has been widely used for data-driven models for the anisotropic RST or the RST discrepancies and it is here proposed for the divergence of the RST. Hence, a constitutive relation of the divergence of the RST from mean quantities is proposed to obtain such expansion. Moreover, once the proposed data-driven approach is trained, there is no need to run any classic turbulence model to close the equations. The well-known tests of flow in a square duct and over periodic hills are used to show advantages of the present method compared to standard turbulence models.
description: 26 pages, 13 figures
Search for Coincident Gravitational-wave and Fast Radio Burst Events from 4-OGC and the First CHIME/FRB Catalog
Creators: name: Wang, Yi-Fan
name: Nitz, Alexander H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced LIGO and Virgo have reported 90 confident gravitational-wave (GW) observations from compact-binary coalescences from their three observation runs. In addition, numerous subthreshold gravitational-wave candidates have been identified. Binary neutron star (BNS) mergers can produce gravitational waves and short-gamma ray bursts, as confirmed by GW170817/GRB 170817A. There may be electromagnetic counterparts recorded in archival observations associated with subthreshold gravitational-wave candidates. The CHIME/FRB Collaboration has reported the first large sample of fast radio bursts (FRBs), millisecond radio transients detected up to cosmological distances; a fraction of these may be associated with BNS mergers. This work searches for coincident gravitational waves and FRBs from BNS mergers using candidates from the fourth-Open Gravitational-wave Catalog (4-OGC) and the first CHIME/FRB catalog. We use a ranking statistic for GW/FRB association which combines the gravitational-wave detection statistic with the odds of temporal and spatial association. We analyze gravitational-wave candidates and non-repeating FRBs from 2019 April 1 to 2019 July 1, when both the Advanced LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave detectors and the CHIME radio telescope were observing. The most significant coincident candidate has a false alarm rate of 0.29 per observation time, which is consistent with a null observation. The null results imply, at most, $\mathcal{O}(0.01)\%$ - $\mathcal{O}(1)\%$ of FRBs are produced from the BNS mergers.
description: v2: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table; add explicit computation for event rate estimate; update to match the published version of ApJ. Data and scripts released in https://github.com/gwastro/gwfrb-4ogc-chime
Crystal planes and reciprocal space in Clifford geometric algebra
Creators: name: Hitzer, Eckhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 74E15, 15A66

description: This paper discusses the geometry of $k$D crystal cells given by $(k+1)$ points in a projective space $\R^{n+1}$. We show how the concepts of barycentric and fractional (crystallographic) coordinates, reciprocal vectors and dual representation are related (and geometrically interpreted) in the projective geometric algebra $Cl(\R^{n+1})$ (see Grassmann H., edited by Engel F., Die Ausdehnungslehre von 1844 und die Geom. Anal., vol. 1, part 1, Teubner: Leipzig, 1894.) and in the conformal algebra $Cl(\R^{n+1,1})$. The crystallographic notions of $d$-spacing, phase angle, structure factors, conditions for Bragg reflections, and the interfacial angles of crystal planes are obtained in the same context. Keywords: Clifford geometric algebra, crystallography, reciprocal space, $d$-spacing, phase angle, structure factors, Bragg reflections, interfacial angles
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
Ensemble model of turbulence based on states of constant flux in wavenumber space
Creators: name: Yoshida, Kyo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ensemble model of turbulence is proposed. The ensemble consists of flow fields in which the flux of an inviscid conserved quantity, such as energy (or enstrophy in two-dimensional flow fields), across the wavenumber $k$ is a constant independent of $k$ in an appropriate range. Two-dimensional flow fields of constant enstrophy flux are sampled randomly by a Monte Carlo method. The energy spectra $E_k$ of the flow fields are consistent with the scaling $E_k \propto k^{-3}(\ln(k/k_\mathrm{b}))^{-1/3}$ where $k_\mathrm{b}$ is the bottom wavenumber of the constant-flux range.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Post-2003 Iraqi fiction. Voice, audiences, and narrative authority
Creators: name: Pozzoli, Federico
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Iraqi fiction
subject: Narratology
subject: Voice
subject: Trauma studies
subject: PJ8039.P7
subject: Arabic fiction--Iraq--21st century--History and criticism

description: The thesis addresses the non-realist trend of Iraqi fiction written after the US occupation of 2003. In particular, it focuses on the construction and characterisation of non-mimetic voices in this production. Within the frame of post-classical narratology, the thesis asks how the thematic and poetic attention to the traumas of war and migration runs parallel with the construction of narrating-‘I’s that exceed the conventional limits of first-person narration. Such overextended ‘I’s are conceived of as technical supplements, miniature narratives that complement and counterpoint the storyworld – a concept the thesis summarises with the Arabic manṭiq ‘point of articulation’. The thesis is divided into two sections. The first discusses texts in which non-fictional narrative paradigms are unsettled by the challenges of the post-war conjuncture: in particular, it addresses fantastic elaborations of the childhood story (Chapter One) and the ‘asylum story’ demanded of asylum seekers (Chapter Two). The second section is devoted to downright unnatural, anti-mimetic narrative forms. It focuses on two tropes of what has been labelled the Iraqi Gothic: the dead narrator (chapter Three), and the disembodied voice (chapter Four). The analysis of these four paradigmatic narrators of post-2003 Iraqi fiction (the child, the asylum seeker, the dead, and the abstract first-person voice) allows the thesis to address, along with narratological problems, issues relating to the ethics of narration in a traumatic context. Furthermore, the focus on voice involves a questioning of the link between narrative and experience in Iraq.
Risk-sensitive partially observable Markov decision processes as fully observable multivariate utility optimization problems
Creators: name: Afsardeir, Arsham
name: Kapetanis, Andreas
name: Laschos, Vaios
name: Obermayer, Klaus
Publisher: name: Weierstrass Institute
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Markov decision processes
subject: partial observability
subject: risk sensitivity
subject: utility function
subject: sums of exponentials
subject: 93E20

description: We provide a new algorithm for solving Risk Sensitive Partially Observable Markov Decisions Processes, when the risk is modeled by a utility function, and both the state space and the space of observations are fi- nite. This algorithm is based on an observation that the change of measure and the subsequent introduction of the information space, which is used for exponential utility functions, can be actually extended for sums of exponentials if one introduces an extra vector parameter that tracks the expected accumulated cost that corresponds to each exponential. Since every increasing function can be approximated by sums of expo- nentials in finite intervals, the method can be essentially applied for any utility function, with its complexity depending on the number