cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Fas-Induced Apoptosis Increases Hepatocyte Tissue Factor Procoagulant Activity In Vitro and In Vivo
Creators: name: Joshi, Nikita
name: Geddings, Julia E.
name: Cline, Holly
name: Kopec, Anna K.
name: Rockwell, Cheryl E.
name: Mackman, Nigel
name: Towery, Keara L.
name: Lopez, Michelle
name: Luyendyk, James P.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Hepatocyte (HPC) apoptosis occurs in association with hepatotoxic responses and chronic liver disease, and is coupled to activation of the blood coagulation cascade. HPCs have been shown to express tissue factor (TF), the primary activator of blood coagulation, in a form that lacks procoagulant activity. In this study, we determined the effect of inducing HPC apoptosis on the procoagulant activity of TF. Treatment of primary mouse HPCs with the Fas death receptor agonist (anti-CD95 antibody, Jo2) triggered apoptosis as shown by cleavage of caspase-3, increased caspase-3 proteolytic activity, and cell surface exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS). Jo2-induced apoptosis significantly increased TF-dependent factor Xa generation by HPCs. Moreover, Jo2 treatment was associated with increased levels of microparticle-associated TF procoagulant activity in the culture medium. Pretreatment with a caspase-3 inhibitor significantly reduced Jo2-induced HPC TF activity and prevented the increase in microparticle-associated TF procoagulant activity. Application of the high-affinity PS-binding protein lactadherin inhibited TF-dependent factor Xa generation by Jo2-treated HPCs and dramatically reduced microparticle-associated TF procoagulant activity. Treatment of wild-type mice with a sublethal dose of Jo2 was associated with a robust increase in the activation of coagulation as measured by plasma thrombin-antithrombin (TAT) levels; whereas mice with liver-specific TF deficiency had significantly lower TAT levels. Overall, the results indicate that Fas-initiated, caspase-3-dependent HPC apoptosis increases TF procoagulant activity through a mechanism involving PS externalization. This suggests that activation of liver TF likely contributes to the procoagulant state associated with HPC apoptosis in liver toxicity and disease.
Remnant for all Black Objects due to Gravity's Rainbow
Creators: name: Ali, Ahmed Farag
name: Faizal, Mir
name: Khalil, Mohammed M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We argue that a remnant is formed for all black objects in gravity's rainbow. This will be based on the observation that a remnant depends critically on the structure of the rainbow functions, and this dependence is a model independent phenomena. We thus propose general relations for the modified temperature and entropy of all black objects in gravity's rainbow. We explicitly check this to be the case for Kerr, Kerr-Newman-dS, charged-AdS, and higher dimensional Kerr-AdS black holes. We also try to argue that a remnant should form for black Saturn in gravity's rainbow. This work extends our previous results on remnants of Schwarzschild black holes [ arXiv:1402.5320] and black rings [arXiv:1409.5745].
description: 21 pages, 13 figures, Accepted in Nucl.Phys.B
Vehicular Energy Network
Creators: name: Lam, Albert Y. S.
name: Leung, Ka-Cheong
name: Li, Victor O. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The smart grid spawns many innovative ideas, but many of them cannot be easily integrated into the existing power system due to power system constraints, such as the lack of capacity to transport renewable energy in remote areas to the urban centers. An energy delivery system can be built upon the traffic network and electric vehicles (EVs) utilized as energy carriers to transport energy over a large geographical region. A generalized architecture called the vehicular energy network (VEN) is constructed and a mathematically tractable framework is developed. Dynamic wireless (dis)charging allows electric energy, as an energy packet, to be added and subtracted from EV batteries seamlessly. With proper routing, energy can be transported from the sources to destinations through EVs along appropriate vehicular routes. This paper gives a preliminary study of VEN. Models are developed to study its operational and economic feasibilities with real traffic data in the United Kingdom. Our study shows that a substantial amount of renewable energy can be transported from some remote wind farms to London under some reasonable settings and VEN is likely to be profitable in the near future. VEN can complement the power network and enhance its power delivery capability.
description: 12 pages, accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification
Formaldehyde-Associated Changes in microRNAs: Tissue and Temporal Specificity in the Rat Nose, White Blood Cells, and Bone Marrow
Creators: name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Doyle-Eisele, Melanie
name: Moeller, Benjamin C.
name: Rager, Julia E.
name: Miller, Sloane K.
name: Kracko, Dean
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression, yet much remains unknown regarding their changes resulting from environmental exposures as they influence cellular signaling across various tissues. We set out to investigate miRNA responses to formaldehyde, a critical air pollutant and known carcinogen that disrupts miRNA expression profiles. Rats were exposed by inhalation to either 0 or 2 ppm formaldehyde for 7, 28, or 28 days followed by a 7-day recovery. Genome-wide miRNA expression profiles were assessed within the nasal respiratory epithelium, circulating white blood cells (WBC), and bone marrow (BM). miRNAs showed altered expression in the nose and WBC but not in the BM. Notably in the nose, miR-10b and members of the let-7 family, known nasopharyngeal carcinoma players, showed decreased expression. To integrate miRNA responses with transcriptional changes, genome-wide messenger RNA profiles were assessed in the nose and WBC. Although formaldehyde-induced changes in miRNA and transcript expression were largely tissue specific, pathway analyses revealed an enrichment of immune system/inflammation signaling in the nose and WBC. Specific to the nose was enrichment for apoptosis/proliferation signaling, involving let-7a, let-7c, and let-7f. Across all tissues and time points assessed, miRNAs were predicted to regulate between 7% and 35% of the transcriptional responses and were suggested to play a role in signaling processes including immune/inflammation-related pathways. These data inform our current hypothesis that formaldehyde-induced inflammatory signals originating in the nose may drive WBC effects.
Additional file 1 of Unraveling implementation context: the Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA) in implementation science and its application in the SMILe project
Creators: name: Mielke, Juliane
name: Leppla, Lynn
name: Valenta, Sabine
name: Zullig, Leah L.
name: Zúñiga, Franziska
name: Staudacher, Sandra
name: Teynor, Alexandra
name: De Geest, Sabina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. The Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA): Overview of its development process and theoretical underpinning.
Supersymmetric heterotic solutions via non-SU(3) standard embedding
Creators: name: Hinoue, Kazuki
name: Mizoguchi, Shun'ya
name: Yasui, Yukinori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A supersymmetric solution to type II supergravity is constructed by superposing two hyperkählers with torsion metrics. The solution is given by a Käler with torsion metric with $SU(3)$ holonomy. The metric is embedded into a heterotic solution obeying the Strominger system, together with a Yang-Mills instanton obtained by the standard embedding. T dualities lead to an $SO(6)$ instanton describing a symmetry breaking from $E_8$ to $SO(10)$. The compactification by taking a periodic array yields a supersymmetric domain wall solution of heterotic supergravity.
description: 9 pages with 4 figures; added 1 reference for section 4
Shifted convolution and the Titchmarsh divisor problem over F_q[t]
Creators: name: Andrade, J. C.
name: Bary-Soroker, L.
name: Rudnick, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we solve a function field analogue of classical problems in analytic number theory, concerning the auto-correlations of divisor functions, in the limit of a large finite field.
description: 22 pages, updated version
Estrategia pedagógica para el fomento de la cultura investigativa en el Instituto de Estudios en Familia.
Creators: name: Giraldo, Edward Johnn Silva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Los grupos de investigación, en ocasiones, se limitan al cargue de productos solicitados por la convocatoria de medición de Minciencias, para responder al proceso de categorización. Sin embargo, reducir el ejercicio del grupo de investigación a una acción meramente mecánica, basada en vincular productos de los CvLAC de los profesores al GrupLAC, desdibuja el propósito de central de construir comunidad de aprendizaje a partir de la articulación entre la académica, las comunidades, las organizaciones sociales y las instituciones. Por este motivo, reconocemos la necesidad de generar una estrategia pedagógica para el fomento de la cultura investigativa, donde se reconozcan, fortalezcan y articulen las líneas institucionales, las sub líneas de la especialización y la maestría, y las acciones que los integrantes de la comunidad académica de los posgrados vienen desarrollando, como Instituto de Estudios en Familia de Unimonserrate.
From Immunotoxicity to Nanotherapy: The Effects of Nanomaterials on the Immune System
Creators: name: Walker, Nigel J.
name: Zamboni, William C.
name: Smith, Matthew J.
name: Brown, Jared M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: The potential for human exposure to the diverse and ever-changing world of nanoscale materials has raised concerns about their influence on health and disease. The novel physical and chemical properties of these materials, which are associated with their small size, complicate toxicological evaluations. Further, these properties may make engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) a prime target for interaction with the immune system following uptake by phagocytes. Undesired effects on antigen-presenting cells and other phagocytic cells are of concern due to the high likelihood of ENM uptake by these cells. In addition, ENM interactions with lymphocytes and other cell types can contribute to a varied spectrum of possible effects, including inflammation, hypersensitivity, and immunomodulation. Furthermore, the mast cell (a type of immune cell traditionally associated with allergy) appears to contribute to certain inflammatory and toxic effects associated with some ENMs. Although incidental exposure may be undesirable, nanomedicines engineered for various clinical applications provide opportunities to develop therapies that may or may not intentionally target the immune system. The interaction between ENMs and the immune system and the resulting pharmacokinetic and phenotypic responses are critical factors that dictate the balance between toxicity and clinical efficacy of nanotherapeutics.
Inhaled Diesel Emissions Generated with Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Fuel Additive Induce Adverse Pulmonary and Systemic Effects
Creators: name: Morrison, James P.
name: Bass, Virginia
name: McGee, John
name: Nash, David
name: Conner, Teri
name: King, Charly
name: Schladweiler, Mette C.
name: Willis, Robert
name: Elmore, Susan A.
name: Miller, Desinia B.
name: Kodavanti, Urmila P.
name: Richards, Judy
name: Ledbetter, Allen D.
name: Gilmour, Matthew Ian
name: Thomas, Ronald F.
name: Wood, Charles E.
name: Weinstein, Jason P.
name: Johnson, Crystal L.
name: Linak, William P.
name: Krantz, Todd
name: Snow, Samantha J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Diesel exhaust (DE) exposure induces adverse cardiopulmonary effects. Cerium oxide nanoparticles added to diesel fuel (DECe) increases fuel burning efficiency but leads to altered emission characteristics and potentially altered health effects. Here, we evaluated whether DECe results in greater adverse pulmonary effects compared with DE. Male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to filtered air, DE, or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days. N-acetyl glucosaminidase activity was increased in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats exposed to DECe but not DE. There were also marginal but insignificant increases in several other lung injury biomarkers in both exposure groups (DECe > DE for all). To further characterize DECe toxicity, rats in a second study were exposed to filtered air or DECe for 5 h/day for 2 days or 4 weeks. Tissue analysis indicated a concentration- and time-dependent accumulation of lung and liver cerium followed by a delayed clearance. The gas-phase and high concentration of DECe increased lung inflammation at the 2-day time point, indicating that gas-phase components, in addition to particles, contribute to pulmonary toxicity. This effect was reduced at 4 weeks except for a sustained increase in BALF γ-glutamyl transferase activity. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy revealed increased alveolar septa thickness due to edema and increased numbers of pigmented macrophages after DECe exposure. Collectively, these findings indicate that DECe induces more adverse pulmonary effects on a mass basis than DE. In addition, lung accumulation of cerium, systemic translocation to the liver, and delayed clearance are added concerns to existing health effects of DECe.
Goos-Hänchen shifts in spin-orbit-coupled cold atoms
Creators: name: Zhou, Lu
name: Qin, Jie-Li
name: Lan, Zhihao
name: Dong, Guangjiong
name: Zhang, Weiping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a matter wave packet of cold atom gas impinging upon a step potential created by the optical light field. In the presence of spin-orbit (SO) coupling, the atomic eigenstates contain two types of evanescent states, one of which is the ordinary evanescent state with pure imaginary wave vector while the other possesses complex wave vector and is recognized as oscillating evanescent state. We show that the presence and interplay of these two types of evanescent states can give rise to two different mechanisms for total internal reflection (TIR), and thus lead to unusual Goos-Hänchen (GH) effect. As a result, not only large positive but also large negative GH shift can be observed in the reflected atomic beam. The dependence of the GH shift on the incident angle, energy and height of the step potential is studied numerically.
Prenatal Arsenic Exposure and Shifts in the Newborn Proteome: Interindividual Differences in Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-Responsive Signaling
Creators: name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: García-Vargas, Gonzalo
name: Sebastian, Elizabeth
name: Bailey, Kathryn A.
name: Smeester, Lisa
name: Olshan, Andrew
name: Laine, Jessica
name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Rager, Julia E.
name: Rubio-Andrade, Marisela
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) early in life is associated with adverse health effects in infants, children, and adults, and yet the biological mechanisms that underlie these effects are understudied. The objective of this research was to examine the proteomic shifts associated with prenatal iAs exposure using cord blood samples isolated from 50 newborns from Gómez Palacio, Mexico. Levels of iAs in maternal drinking water (DW-iAs) and the sum of iAs and iAs metabolites in maternal urine (U-tAs) were determined. Cord blood samples representing varying iAs exposure levels during the prenatal period (DW-iAs ranging from <1 to 236 μg As/l) were analyzed for altered expression of proteins associated with U-tAs using a high throughput, antibody-based method. A total of 111 proteins were identified that had a significant association between protein level in newborn cord blood and maternal U-tAs. Many of these proteins are regulated by tumor necrosis factor and are enriched in functionality related to immune/inflammatory response and cellular development/proliferation. Interindividual differences in proteomic response were observed in which 30 newborns were “activators,” displaying a positive relationship between protein expression and maternal U-tAs. For 20 “repressor” newborns, a negative relationship between protein expression level and maternal U-tAs was observed. The activator/repressor status was significantly associated with maternal U-tAs and head circumference in newborn males. These results may provide a critical groundwork for understanding the diverse health effects associated with prenatal arsenic exposure and highlight interindividual responses to arsenic that likely influence differential susceptibility to adverse health outcomes.
Formation, Accumulation, and Hydrolysis of Endogenous and Exogenous Formaldehyde-Induced DNA Damage
Creators: name: Moeller, Benjamin C.
name: Yu, Rui
name: Swenberg, James A.
name: Hartwell, Hadley J.
name: Lai, Yongquan
name: Bodnar, Wanda M.
name: Starr, Thomas B.
name: Kracko, Dean
name: Doyle-Eisele, Melanie
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Formaldehyde is not only a widely used chemical with well-known carcinogenicity but is also a normal metabolite of living cells. It thus poses unique challenges for understanding risks associated with exposure. N2-hydroxymethyl-dG (N2-HOMe-dG) is the main formaldehyde-induced DNA mono-adduct, which together with DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) and toxicity-induced cell proliferation, play important roles in a mutagenic mode of action for cancer. In this study, N2-HOMe-dG was shown to be an excellent biomarker for direct adduction of formaldehyde to DNA and the hydrolysis of DPCs. The use of inhaled [13CD2]-formaldehyde exposures of rats and primates coupled with ultrasensitive nano ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry permitted accurate determinations of endogenous and exogenous formaldehyde DNA damage. The results show that inhaled formaldehyde only reached rat and monkey noses, but not tissues distant to the site of initial contact. The amounts of exogenous adducts were remarkably lower than those of endogenous adducts in exposed nasal epithelium. Moreover, exogenous adducts accumulated in rat nasal epithelium over the 28-days exposure to reach steady-state concentrations, followed by elimination with a half-life (t1/2) of 7.1 days. Additionally, we examined artifact formation during DNA preparation to ensure the accuracy of nonlabeled N2-HOMe-dG measurements. These novel findings provide critical new data for understanding major issues identified by the National Research Council Review of the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency’s Draft Integrated Risk Information System Formaldehyde Risk Assessment. They support a data-driven need for reflection on whether risks have been overestimated for inhaled formaldehyde, whereas underappreciating endogenous formaldehyde as the primary source of exposure that results in bone marrow toxicity and leukemia in susceptible humans and rodents deficient in DNA repair.
Linkage Analysis of Urine Arsenic Species Patterns in the Strong Heart Family Study
Creators: name: Tellez-Plaza, Maria
name: Gilliland, Frank
name: Goessler, Walter
name: Laston, Sandra L.
name: Balakrishnan, Poojitha
name: Gribble, Matthew O.
name: Thomas, Duncan C.
name: Francesconi, Kevin A.
name: Haack, Karin
name: North, Kari E.
name: Navas-Acien, Ana
name: Franceschini, Nora
name: Voruganti, Venkata Saroja
name: Cole, Shelley A.
name: Umans, Jason G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Arsenic toxicokinetics are important for disease risks in exposed populations, but genetic determinants are not fully understood. We examined urine arsenic species patterns measured by HPLC-ICPMS among 2189 Strong Heart Study participants 18 years of age and older with data on ∼400 genome-wide microsatellite markers spaced ∼10 cM and arsenic speciation (683 participants from Arizona, 684 from Oklahoma, and 822 from North and South Dakota). We logit-transformed % arsenic species (% inorganic arsenic, %MMA, and %DMA) and also conducted principal component analyses of the logit % arsenic species. We used inverse-normalized residuals from multivariable-adjusted polygenic heritability analysis for multipoint variance components linkage analysis. We also examined the contribution of polymorphisms in the arsenic metabolism gene AS3MT via conditional linkage analysis. We localized a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 10 (LOD 4.12 for %MMA, 4.65 for %DMA, and 4.84 for the first principal component of logit % arsenic species). This peak was partially but not fully explained by measured AS3MT variants. We also localized a QTL for the second principal component of logit % arsenic species on chromosome 5 (LOD 4.21) that was not evident from considering % arsenic species individually. Some other loci were suggestive or significant for 1 geographical area but not overall across all areas, indicating possible locus heterogeneity. This genome-wide linkage scan suggests genetic determinants of arsenic toxicokinetics to be identified by future fine-mapping, and illustrates the utility of principal component analysis as a novel approach that considers % arsenic species jointly.
Additional file 2 of Unraveling implementation context: the Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA) in implementation science and its application in the SMILe project
Creators: name: Mielke, Juliane
name: Leppla, Lynn
name: Valenta, Sabine
name: Zullig, Leah L.
name: Zúñiga, Franziska
name: Staudacher, Sandra
name: Teynor, Alexandra
name: De Geest, Sabina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Key resources for each component of the Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA).
A numerical study of vector resonant relaxation
Creators: name: Kocsis, Bence
name: Tremaine, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars bound to a supermassive black hole interact gravitationally. Persistent torques acting between stellar orbits lead to the rapid resonant relaxation of the orbital orientation vectors ("vector" resonant relaxation) and slower relaxation of the eccentricities ("scalar" resonant relaxation), both at rates much faster than two-body or non-resonant relaxation. We describe a new parallel symplectic integrator, N-ring, which follows the dynamical evolution of a cluster of N stars through vector resonant relaxation, by averaging the pairwise interactions over the orbital period and periapsis-precession timescale. We use N-ring to follow the evolution of clusters containing over 10^4 stars for tens of relaxation times. Among other results, we find that the evolution is dominated by torques among stars with radially overlapping orbits, and that resonant relaxation can be modelled as a random walk of the orbit normals on the sphere, with angular step size ranging from 0.5-1 radian. The relaxation rate in a cluster with a fixed number of stars is proportional to the RMS mass of the stars. The RMS torque generated by the cluster stars is reduced below the torque between Kepler orbits due to apsidal precession and declines weakly with the eccentricity of the perturbed orbit. However since the angular momentum of an orbit also decreases with eccentricity, the relaxation rate is approximately eccentricity-independent for e<0.7 and grows rapidly with eccentricity for e>0.8. We quantify the relaxation using the autocorrelation function of the spherical multipole moments; this decays exponentially and the e-folding time may be identified with the vector resonant relaxation timescale.
description: 35 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Equivalence of stability properties for ultradifferentiable function classes
Creators: name: Rainer, Armin
name: Schindl, Gerhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We characterize stability under composition, inversion, and solution of ordinary differential equations for ultradifferentiable classes, and prove that all these stability properties are equivalent.
description: 16 pages, some stylistic chances made, accepted for publication in Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fis. Nat. Ser. A Math. RACSAM
Metabolomic Characteristics of Arsenic-Associated Diabetes in a Prospective Cohort in Chihuahua, Mexico
Creators: name: Stýblo, Miroslav
name: Baeza Terrazas, Francisco A.
name: Del Razo, Luz M.
name: Rager, Julia
name: González-Horta, Carmen
name: García-Vargas, Gonzalo G.
name: Sánchez-Ramírez, Blanca
name: Loomis, Dana
name: Jia, Wei
name: Martin, Elizabeth
name: Ishida, María C.
name: Ballinas-Casarrubias, Lourdes
name: Jesse Saunders, R.
name: Mendez, Michelle A.
name: Viniegra Morales, Damián
name: Bailey, Kathryn A.
name: Fry, Rebecca
name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Buse, John B.
name: Hernández Cerón, Roberto
name: Gutiérrez-Torres, Daniela S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Chronic exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) has been linked to an increased risk of diabetes, yet the specific disease phenotype and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study we set out to identify iAs exposure-associated metabolites with altered abundance in nondiabetic and diabetic individuals in an effort to understand the relationship between exposure, metabolomic response, and disease status. A nested study design was used to profile metabolomic shifts in urine and plasma collected from 90 diabetic and 86 nondiabetic individuals matched for varying iAs concentrations in drinking water, body mass index, age, and sex. Diabetes diagnosis was based on measures of fasting plasma glucose and 2-h blood glucose. Multivariable models were used to identify metabolites with altered abundance associated with iAs exposure among diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. A total of 132 metabolites were identified to shift in urine or plasma in response to iAs exposure characterized by the sum of iAs metabolites in urine (U-tAs). Although many metabolites were altered in both diabetic and nondiabetic 35 subjects, diabetic individuals displayed a unique response to iAs exposure with 59 altered metabolites including those that play a role in tricarboxylic acid cycle and amino acid metabolism. Taken together, these data highlight the broad impact of iAs exposure on the human metabolome, and demonstrate some specificity of the metabolomic response between diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. These data may provide novel insights into the mechanisms and phenotype of diabetes associated with iAs exposure.
Additional file 1 of Measuring the effects of misinformation exposure and beliefs on behavioural intentions: a COVID-19 vaccination study
Creators: name: de Saint Laurent, Constance
name: Murphy, Gillian
name: Hegarty, Karen
name: Greene, Ciara M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental materials.
General SIC-Measurement Based Entanglement Detection
Creators: name: Chen, Bin
name: Li, Tao
name: Fei, Shao-Ming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum separability problem by using general symmetric informationally complete measurements and present separability criteria for both $d$-dimensional bipartite and multipartite systems. The criterion for bipartite quantum states are effective in detecting several well known classes of quantum states. For isotropic states, it becomes both necessary and sufficient. Furthermore, our criteria can be experimentally implemented and the criterion for two-qudit states requires less local measurements than the one based on mutually unbiased measurements.
description: 11 pages. added Example 4, Theorem 2, and some references
Prenatal Arsenic Exposure and the Epigenome: Identifying Sites of 5-methylcytosine Alterations that Predict Functional Changes in Gene Expression in Newborn Cord Blood and Subsequent Birth Outcomes
Creators: name: Rubio-Andrade, Marisela
name: Drobná, Zuzana
name: Fry, Rebecca C.
name: Smeester, Lisa
name: Stýblo, Miroslav
name: García-Vargas, Gonzalo
name: Bailey, Kathryn A.
name: Rager, Julia E.
name: Rojas, Daniel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Prenatal exposure to inorganic arsenic (iAs) is detrimental to the health of newborns and increases the risk of disease development later in life. Here we examined a subset of newborn cord blood leukocyte samples collected from subjects enrolled in the Biomarkers of Exposure to ARsenic (BEAR) pregnancy cohort in Gómez Palacio, Mexico, who were exposed to a range of drinking water arsenic concentrations (0.456–236 µg/l). Changes in iAs-associated DNA 5-methylcytosine methylation were assessed across 424 935 CpG sites representing 18 761 genes and compared with corresponding mRNA expression levels and birth outcomes. In the context of arsenic exposure, a total of 2919 genes were identified with iAs-associated differences in DNA methylation. Site-specific analyses identified DNA methylation changes that were most predictive of gene expression levels where CpG methylation within CpG islands positioned within the first exon, the 5′ untranslated region and 200 bp upstream of the transcription start site yielded the most significant association with gene expression levels. A set of 16 genes was identified with correlated iAs-associated changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression and all were highly enriched for binding sites of the early growth response (EGR) and CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) transcription factors. Furthermore, DNA methylation levels of 7 of these genes were associated with differences in birth outcomes including gestational age and head circumference.These data highlight the complex interplay between DNA methylation, functional changes in gene expression and health outcomes and underscore the need for functional analyses coupled to epigenetic assessments.
BEER analysis of Kepler and CoRoT light curves: II. Evidence for superrotation in the phase curves of three Kepler hot Jupiters
Creators: name: Faigler, Simchon
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyzed the Kepler light curves of four transiting hot Jupiter systems --- KOI-13, HAT-P-7, TrES-2, and Kepler-76, which show BEaming, Ellipsoidal and Reflection (BEER) phase modulations. The mass of the four planets can be estimated from either the beaming or the ellipsoidal amplitude, given the mass and radius of their parent stars. For KOI-13, HAT-P-7, and Kepler-76 we find that the beaming-based planetary mass estimate is larger than the mass estimated from the ellipsoidal amplitude, consistent with previous studies. This apparent discrepancy may be explained by equatorial superrotation of the planet atmosphere, which induces an angle shift of the planet reflection/emission phase modulation, as was suggested for Kepler-76 in the first paper of this series. We propose a modified BEER model that supports superrotation, assuming either a Lambertian or geometric reflection/emission phase function, and provides a photometry-consistent estimate of the planetary mass. Our analysis shows that for Kepler-76 and HAT-P-7, the Lambertian superrotation BEER model is highly preferable over an unshifted null model, while for KOI-13 it is preferable only at a 1.4 sigma level. For TrES-2 we do not find such preference. For all four systems the Lambertian superrotation model mass estimates are in excellent agreement with the planetary masses derived from, or constrained by, radial velocity measurements. This makes the Lambertian superrotation BEER model a viable tool for estimating the masses of hot Jupiters from photometry alone. We conclude that hot Jupiter superrotation may be a common phenomenon that can be detected in the visual light curves of Kepler.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 4 tables and 2 figures
Additional file 3 of Unraveling implementation context: the Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA) in implementation science and its application in the SMILe project
Creators: name: Mielke, Juliane
name: Leppla, Lynn
name: Valenta, Sabine
name: Zullig, Leah L.
name: Zúñiga, Franziska
name: Staudacher, Sandra
name: Teynor, Alexandra
name: De Geest, Sabina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 3. Overview of contextual factors most commonly reported in empirical evidence to influence implementation.
The Kähler-Ricci flow, Ricci-flat metrics and collapsing limits
Creators: name: Tosatti, Valentino
name: Weinkove, Ben
name: Yang, Xiaokui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C44, 53C55, 14J32, 32Q25, 58J35

description: We investigate the Kahler-Ricci flow on holomorphic fiber spaces whose generic fiber is a Calabi-Yau manifold. We establish uniform metric convergence to a metric on the base, away from the singular fibers, and show that the rescaled metrics on the fibers converge to Ricci-flat Kahler metrics. This strengthens previous work of Song-Tian and others. We obtain analogous results for degenerations of Ricci-flat Kahler metrics.
description: 42 pages, final version to appear in Amer. J. Math
T1 Relaxation Rate (R1) Indicates Nonlinear Mn Accumulation in Brain Tissue of Welders With Low-Level Exposure
Creators: name: Flynn, Michael R.
name: Herring, Amy H.
name: Huang, Xuemei
name: Van Buren, Eric
name: Lee, Eun-Young
name: Kong, Lan
name: Yang, Qing
name: Lewis, Mechelle M.
name: Mailman, Richard B.
name: Du, Guangwei
name: Van Buren, Scott
name: Smeester, Lisa
name: Fry, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Although the essential element manganese (Mn) is neurotoxic at high doses, the effects of lower exposure are unclear. MRI T1-weighted (TIW) imaging has been used to estimate brain Mn exposure via the pallidal index (PI), defined as the T1W intensity ratio in the globus pallidus (GP) versus frontal white matter (FWM). PI may not, however, be sensitive to Mn in GP because Mn also may accumulate in FWM. This study explored: (1) whether T1 relaxation rate (R1) could quantify brain Mn accumulation more sensitively; and (2) the dose-response relationship between estimated Mn exposure and T1 relaxation rate (R1). Thirty-five active welders and 30 controls were studied. Occupational questionnaires were used to estimate hours welding in the past 90 days (HrsW) and lifetime measures of Mn exposure. T1W imaging and T1-measurement were utilized to generate PI and R1 values in brain regions of interest (ROIs). PI did not show a significant association with any measure of Mn and/or welding-related exposure. Conversely, in several ROIs, R1 showed a nonlinear relationship to HrsW, with R1 signal increasing only after a critical exposure was reached. The GP had the greatest rate of Mn accumulation. Welders with higher exposure showed significantly higher R1 compared either with controls or with welders with lower exposure. Our data are additional evidence that Mn accumulation can be assessed more sensitively by R1 than by PI. Moreover, the nonlinear relationship between welding exposure and Mn brain accumulation should be considered in future studies and policies.
The Padé interpolation method applied to $q$-Painlevé equations
Creators: name: Nagao, Hidehito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 33D15, 34M55, 39A13, 41A21

description: We establish interpolation problems related to all the $q$-Painlevé equations of types from $E_7^{(1)}$ to $(A_2+A_1)^{(1)}$. By solving those problems, we can derive the evolution equations, the scalar Lax pairs and the determinant formulae of special solutions for the corresponding $q$-Painlevé equations.
description: 16 pages
The invisible world of bacteria found in veterinary sinks
Creators: name: Brown, Natalie
name: La Ragione, Roberto
name: Moore, Ginny
name: Ritchie, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Bacteria are quite simply, invisible! While most are smaller than can be seen by the naked eye, these tiny organisms play huge roles in our lives. Bacteria are found on all types of surfaces, including unexpected places like on sink taps or just below the plughole of handwashing sinks. We all know that handwashing is an important part of keeping clean and preventing infection, but did you know that bacteria can spread from sink drains onto nearby surfaces? Water flowing down the drain can cause bacterial masses, known as biofilms, to be dislodged and water droplets can disperse this material into the immediate vicinity. In hospital settings, this dispersal event has been blamed for infection outbreaks. Matters are made worse when the bacteria are resistant to antibiotics, and we are no longer able to easily treat the infections they cause. Research has been performed on the bacteria within this setting, however, our knowledge of what lives in sinks within veterinary settings is limited. Unlike in human healthcare settings, sinks near where animals are handled may become contaminated with animal-derived substances including faecal material or residual food that provides a nutrient-rich soup for bacterial growth. The main aim of this project is to describe the range and complexity of the bacterial community found in sinks located in veterinary settings. We will compare what we find to the communities found in human healthcare environments. In a pilot study, we found that sinks in dog and cat rooms were populated with bacteria resistant to a number of antibiotics. Work is now beginning on a larger-scale, year-long sampling study with the goal of raising awareness to the presence, and potential risk, of this hidden reservoir, thereby leading us towards a healthier and more sustainable future.
Decompositions of Hilbert Spaces, Stability Analysis and Convergence Probabilities for Discrete-Time Quantum Dynamical Semigroups
Creators: name: Cirillo, Giuseppe Ilario
name: Ticozzi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate convergence properties of discrete-time semigroup quantum dynamics, including asymptotic stability, probability and speed of convergence to pure states and subspaces. These properties are of interest in both the analysis of uncontrolled evolutions and the engineering of controlled dynamics for quantum information processing. Our results include two Hilbert space decompositions that allow for deciding the stability of the subspace of interest and for estimating of the speed of convergence, as well as a formula to obtain the limit probability distribution for a set of orthogonal invariant subspaces.
description: 14 pages, no figures, to appear in Journal of Physics A, 2015
$p$-Selmer growth in extensions of degree $p$
Creators: name: Cesnavicius, Kestutis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G10 (Primary), 11R34 (Secondary), 11R58

description: There is a known analogy between growth questions for class groups and for Selmer groups. If $p$ is a prime, then the $p$-torsion of the ideal class group grows unboundedly in $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z}$-extensions of a fixed number field $K$, so one expects the same for the $p$-Selmer group of a nonzero abelian variety over $K$. This Selmer group analogue is known in special cases and we prove it in general, along with a version for arbitrary global fields.
description: 19 pages; final version, to appear in Journal of the London Mathematical Society
The Contribution of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Alpha to the Relationship Between Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics of Trichloroethylene
Creators: name: Campbell, Jerry
name: Kim, Sungkyoon
name: Cichocki, Joseph A.
name: Chiu, Weihsueh A.
name: Yoo, Hong Sik
name: Sweet, Stephen
name: Melnyk, Stepan B.
name: Clewell, Harvey J.
name: Knap, Anthony
name: Venkatratnam, Abhishek
name: Bodnar, Wanda
name: Rusyn, Ivan
name: Kosyk, Oksana
name: Iwata, Yasuhiro
name: Wade, Terry
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Exposure to the ubiquitous environmental contaminant trichloroethylene (TCE) is associated with cancer and non-cancer toxicity in both humans and rodents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα) is thought to be playing a role in liver toxicity in rodents through activation of the receptor by the TCE metabolite trichloroacetic acid (TCA). However, most studies using genetically altered mice have not assessed the potential for PPARα to alter TCE toxicokinetics, which may lead to differences in TCA internal doses and hence confound inferences as to the role of PPARα in TCE toxicity. To address this gap, male and female wild type (129S1/SvImJ), Pparα-null, and humanized PPARα (hPPARα) mice were exposed intragastrically to 400 mg/kg TCE in single-dose (2, 5 and 12 h) and repeat-dose (5 days/week, 4 weeks) studies. Interestingly, following either a single- or repeat-dose exposure to TCE, levels of TCA in liver and kidney were lower in Pparα-null and hPPARα mice as compared with those in wild type mice. Levels of trichloroethanol (TCOH) were similar in all strains. TCE-exposed male mice consistently had higher levels of TCA and TCOH in all tissues compared with females. Additionally, in both single- and repeat-dose studies, a similar degree of induction of PPARα-responsive genes was observed in liver and kidney of hPPARα and wild type mice, despite the difference in hepatic and renal TCA levels. Additional sex- and strain-dependent effects were observed in the liver, including hepatocyte proliferation and oxidative stress, which were not dependent on TCA or TCOH levels. These data demonstrate that PPARα status affects the levels of the putative PPARα agonist TCA following TCE exposure. Therefore, interpretations of studies using Pparα-null and hPPARα mice need to consider the potential contribution of genotype-dependent toxicokinetics to observed differences in toxicity, rather than attributing such differences only to receptor-mediated toxicodynamic effects.
Toxicokinetic Triage for Environmental Chemicals
Creators: name: Pearce, Robert
name: Wetmore, Barbara A.
name: Thomas, Russell S.
name: Tropsha, Alex
name: Bosgra, Sieto
name: Sluka, James P.
name: Wambaugh, John F.
name: Strope, Cory
name: Setzer, R. Woodrow
name: Shah, Imran
name: Judson, Richard
name: Sedykh, Alexander
name: Goldsmith, Rocky
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Toxicokinetic (TK) models link administered doses to plasma, blood, and tissue concentrations. High-throughput TK (HTTK) performs in vitro to in vivo extrapolation to predict TK from rapid in vitro measurements and chemical structure-based properties. A significant toxicological application of HTTK has been “reverse dosimetry,” in which bioactive concentrations from in vitro screening studies are converted into in vivo doses (mg/kg BW/day). These doses are predicted to produce steady-state plasma concentrations that are equivalent to in vitro bioactive concentrations. In this study, we evaluate the impact of the approximations and assumptions necessary for reverse dosimetry and develop methods to determine whether HTTK tools are appropriate or may lead to false conclusions for a particular chemical. Based on literature in vivo data for 87 chemicals, we identified specific properties (eg, in vitro HTTK data, physico-chemical descriptors, and predicted transporter affinities) that correlate with poor HTTK predictive ability. For 271 chemicals we developed a generic HT physiologically based TK (HTPBTK) model that predicts non-steady-state chemical concentration time-courses for a variety of exposure scenarios. We used this HTPBTK model to find that assumptions previously used for reverse dosimetry are usually appropriate, except most notably for highly bioaccumulative compounds. For the thousands of man-made chemicals in the environment that currently have no TK data, we propose a 4-element framework for chemical TK triage that can group chemicals into 7 different categories associated with varying levels of confidence in HTTK predictions. For 349 chemicals with literature HTTK data, we differentiated those chemicals for which HTTK approaches are likely to be sufficient, from those that may require additional data.