cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Observational rotation curves and density profiles vs. the Thomas-Fermi galaxy structure theory
Creators: name: de Vega, H. J.
name: Salucci, P.
name: Sanchez, N. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Thomas-Fermi approach to galaxy structure determines selfconsistently the fermionic warm dark matter (WDM) gravitational potential given the distribution function f(E). This framework is appropriate for macroscopic quantum systems: neutron stars, white dwarfs and WDM galaxies. Compact dwarf galaxies follow from the quantum degenerate regime, while dilute and large galaxies from the classical Boltzmann regime. We find analytic scaling relations for the main galaxy magnitudes as halo radius r_h, mass M_h and phase space density. The observational data for a large variety of galaxies are all well reproduced by these theoretical scaling relations. For the compact dwarfs, our results show small deviations from the scaling due to quantum macroscopic effects. We contrast the theoretical curves for the circular velocities and density profiles with the observational ones. All these results are independent of any WDM particle physics model, they only follow from the gravity interaction of the WDM particles and their fermionic nature. The theory rotation and density curves reproduce very well for r < r_h the observations of 10 different and independent sets of data for galaxy masses from 5x10^9 Msun till 5x10^{11} Msun. Our normalized circular velocity curves turn to be universal functions of r/r_h for all galaxies and reproduce very well the observational curves for r < r_h. Conclusion: the Thomas-Fermi approach correctly describes the galaxy structures (Abridged).
description: 14 pages, 8 figures. To be published in MNRAS. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1310.6355
Integral of Map into Abelian $Ω$-group
Creators: name: Kleyn, Aleks
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Mathematics (math.GM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The common in ring, module and algebra is that they are Abelian group with respect to addition. This property is enough to study integration. I treat integral of measurable map into normed Abelian $Ω$-group. Theory of integration of maps into $Ω$-group has a lot of common with theory of integration of functions of real variable. However I had to change some statements, since they implicitly assume either compactness of range or total order in $Ω$-group.
description: English text - 77 pages; Russian text - 79 pages
Zero modes of quantum graph Laplacians and an index theorem
Creators: name: Bolte, Jens
name: Egger, Sebastian
name: Steiner, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study zero modes of Laplacians on compact and non-compact metric graphs with general self-adjoint vertex conditions. In the first part of the paper the number of zero modes is expressed in terms of the trace of a unitary matrix $\mathfrak{S}$ that encodes the vertex conditions imposed on functions in the domain of the Laplacian. In the second part a Dirac operator is defined whose square is related to the Laplacian. In order to accommodate Laplacians with negative eigenvalues it is necessary to define the Dirac operator on a suitable Kre\uın space. We demonstrate that an arbitrary, self-adjoint quantum graph Laplacian admits a factorisation into momentum-like operators in a Kre\uın-space setting. As a consequence, we establish an index theorem for the associated Dirac operator and prove that the zero-mode contribution in the trace formula for the Laplacian can be expressed in terms of the index of the Dirac operator.
Wigner function and the successive measurement of position and momentum
Creators: name: Mello, Pier A.
name: Revzen, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wigner function is a quasi-distribution that provides a representation of the state of a quantum mechanical system in the phase space of position and momentum. In this paper we find a relation between Wigner function and appropriate measurements involving the system position and momentum which generalize the von Neumann model of measurement. We introduce two probes coupled successively in time to projectors associated with the system position and momentum. We show that one can relate Wigner function to Kirkwood joint quasi-distribution of position and momentum, the latter, in turn, being a particular case of successive measurements. We first consider the case of a quantum mechanical system described in a continuous Hilbert space, and then turn to the case of a discrete, finite-dimensional Hilbert space.
description: 24 pages; 1 figure
Long-Time Evolution of Gas-Free Disc Galaxies in Binary Systems
Creators: name: Chan, R.
name: Junqueira, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of several detailed numerical N-body simulations of the dynamical interactions of two equal mass disc galaxies. Both galaxies are embedded in spherical halos of dark matter and contain central bulges. Our analysis of the dynamical evolution of the binary system focuses on the morphological evolution of the stellar distribution of the discs. The satellite galaxy has coplanar or polar disc orientation in relation to the disc of the primary galaxy and their initial orbits are prograde eccentric ($e=0.1$, $e=0.4$ or $e=0.7$). Both galaxies have mass and size comparable to the Milky Way. We show that the merger of the two disc galaxies, depending on the relative orientation of the discs, can yield either a disc or lenticular remnant, instead of an elliptical one. These are the first simulations in the literature to show the formation of S0-like galaxies from protracted binary galaxy interactions. Additionally, we demonstrate that the time to merger increases linearly with the initial apocentric distance between the galaxies, and decreases with the initial orbital eccentricity. We also show that the tidal forces of the discs excite transient $m=1$ and $m=2$ wave modes, i.e., lopsidedness, spiral arms, and bars. However, after the merging of the discs, such instabilities fade completely, and the remnant is thicker and bigger than the original discs. The maximum relative amplitude of these waves is at most about 15 times greater compared to the control case. of these two wave modes. Finally, the disc settles down quickly, after the merger, in less than one outer disc rotation period.
description: 23 pages, 3 tables and 16 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
To explore the mechanism of microbiota in rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: 洪睦铿(Mukeng Hong)
Publisher: name: CNGB
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metagenome
Transcriptome or Gene expression
Multispecies
Medical

description: The feces of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy people were collected, and 16s rRNA-sequencing was carried out to find the pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the mechanism of pathogenic bacteria participating in the pathogenesis of the disease was uncovered by a series of experiments.
Coupling between bulk- and surface chemistry in suspensions of charged colloids
Creators: name: Heinen, Marco
name: Palberg, Thomas
name: Löwen, Hartmut
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ionic composition and pair correlations in fluid phases of realistically salt-free charged colloidal sphere suspensions are calculated in the primitive model. We obtain the number densities of all ionic species in suspension, including low-molecular weight microions, and colloidal macroions with acidic surface groups, from a self-consistent solution of a coupled physicochemical set of nonlinear algebraic equations and non-mean-field liquid integral equations. Here, we study suspensions of colloidal spheres with sulfonate or silanol surface groups, suspended in demineralized water that is saturated with carbon dioxide under standard atmosphere. The only input required for our theoretical scheme are the acidic dissociation constants pKa, and effective sphere diameters of all involved ions. Our method allows for an ab initio calculation of colloidal bare and effective charges, at high numerical efficiency.
Dark matter in little Higgs model under current experimental constraints from LHC, Planck and Xenon
Creators: name: Wang, Lei
name: Yang, Jin Min
name: Zhu, Jingya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the status of dark matter (heavy photon) in the littlest Higgs model with T-parity (LHT) in light of the new results from the LHC Higgs search, the Planck dark matter relic density and the XENON100 limit on the dark matter scattering off the nucleon. We obtain the following observations: (i) For the LHC Higgs data, the LHT can well be consistent with the CMS results but disfavored by the ATLAS observation of diphoton enhancement; (ii) For the dark matter relic density, the heavy photon in the LHT can account for the Planck data for the small mass splitting of mirror lepton and heavy photon; (iii) For the dark matter scattering off the nucleon, the heavy photon can give a spin-independent cross section below the XENON100 upper limit for $m_{A_H}>95$ GeV ($f> 665$ GeV); (iv) A fit using the CMS Higgs data gives the lowest chi-square of 2.63 (the SM value is 4.75) at $f\simeq$ 1120 GeV and $m_{A_H}\simeq$ 170 GeV (at this point the dark matter constraints from Planck and XENON100 can also be satisfied). Such a best point and its nearby favored region (even for a $f$ value up to 3.8 TeV) can be covered by the future XENON1T (2017) experiment.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; references added
Harvest Driven Evolution in fish populations with various fishing regimes
Creators: name: Phillips, Maxine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: Fisheries management
Fisheries sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Worldwide more than 155 million tons of seafood is produced every year. According to the IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, more than 2000 species of plants and animals are endangered as a result of overharvesting. The commercial and recreational harvest on fish appears to have an impact on the evolution of aquatic species. Harvesting might exert evolutionary pressure on target populations and induce change in their traits such as morphology and body mass. This experiment is trying to assist in understanding harvest driven evolution with varying management practices.
title: Indian, Persian or Caucasian? The cornelian beads with etched decoration of group Beck C and the long-distant eastern contacts of the province of Arabia
Creators: name: Eger, Christoph
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2014

description: Von knapp einem Dutzend spätantiken Fundplätzen in der südlichen Levante liegen Karneolperlen mit weißem Ätzdekor vor. Sie verdienen besonderes Interesse, weil sie als Fremdformen gelten und auf Fernkontakte hinweisen. Die spezielle Technik wurde bereits im 3. vorchristlichen Jahrtausend in Nordwestindien und Pakistan angewandt, lässt sich aber nicht kontinuierlich durch die Zeiten verfolgen. Vieles spricht dafür, dass die aus dem Mittleren und Nahen Osten bekannten Perlen der nachchristlichen Zeit nicht mehr in
Indien, sondern im Sassanidenreich hergestellt wurden. Nach einer formativen Phase im 3.-4./5. Jahrhundert erleben die ätzverzierten Karneolperlen im 6.-8. Jahrhundert eine letzte Blütezeit. Auf Handelswegen, durch kriegerische Ereignisse oder diplomatische Kontakte gelangen sie in z.T. weit entlegene Regionen, wie das Kamagebiet in Mittelrussland oder die südliche Arabische Halbinsel. Die Konzentration im Nahen Osten, besonders in der Provinz Arabia, deutet darauf hin, dass auch die grenznahen byzantinischen Regionen mit solchen Perlen in kleiner Stückzahl versorgt wurden. Tiefer in das Byzantinische Reich, den Mittelmeerraum oder das nordwestliche Barbaricum reichte die Vermittlung, von vereinzelten Ausnahmen abgesehen, aber nicht.
description: Cornelian beads with etched white decoration occur in around a dozen settlements of Late Antiquity in the southern Levant. They deserve special attention, as they count as foreign forms and point to long-distant contacts. The special technique had already been mastered in north-western India and Pakistan by the 3rd millennium BC, but cannot be continuously tracked through the ages. There is much to be said for the fact that the known beads of the post-Christian period in the Middle and Near East were no longer pro-
duced in India, but in the Sassanid Empire. Following a formative phase during the 3rd to 4th/5th century the cornelian beads with etched decoration experienced a final heyday in the 6th to 8th century. Via traderoutes, warfare or diplomatic contacts they in some cases reached very isolated regions, such as the Kama in central Russia or the southern Arabian Peninsula. The concentration in the Near East, especially in the province of Arabia, indicates that the Byzantine areas close to the border were served with such beads in small numbers. However, with a few exceptions, they did not reach further into the Byzantine Empire, the Medi terranean or the north-western barbaricum.
Fano threefolds with 2-torus action - a picture book
Creators: name: Süß, Hendrik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14L30, 14M25, 14J45

description: Following the work of Altmann and Hausen we give a combinatorial description in terms for smooth Fano threefolds admitting a 2-torus action. We show that a whole variety of properties and invariants can be read off from this description. As an application we prove and disprove the existence of Kahler-Einstein metrics for some of these Fano threefolds, calculate their Cox rings and some of their toric canonical degenerations.
description: 26 pages, 44 figures; includes a correction to the published version
APFEL: A PDF Evolution Library with QED corrections
Creators: name: Bertone, Valerio
name: Carrazza, Stefano
name: Rojo, Juan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum electrodynamics and electroweak corrections are important ingredients for many theoretical predictions at the LHC. This paper documents APFEL, a new PDF evolution package that allows for the first time to perform DGLAP evolution up to NNLO in QCD and to LO in QED, in the variable-flavor-number scheme and with either pole or MSbar heavy quark masses. APFEL consistently accounts for the QED corrections to the evolution of quark and gluon PDFs and for the contribution from the photon PDF in the proton. The coupled QCD+QED equations are solved in x-space by means of higher order interpolation, followed by Runge-Kutta solution of the resulting discretized evolution equations. APFEL is based on an innovative and flexible methodology for the sequential solution of the QCD and QED evolution equations and their combination. In addition to PDF evolution, APFEL provides a module that computes Deep-Inelastic Scattering structure functions in the FONLL general-mass variable-flavor-number scheme up to O($α_s^2$). All the functionalities of APFEL can be accessed via a Graphical User Interface, supplemented with a variety of plotting tools for PDFs, parton luminosities and structure functions. Written in Fortran 77, APFEL can also be used via the C/C++ and Python interfaces, and is publicly available from the HepForge repository.
description: 34 pages, 5 figures. Final version, to be published in CPC. Several corrections and improvements. Program available from http://apfel.hepforge.org/
Effective theory approach to new physics in $b \to u$ and $b \to c$ leptonic and semileptonic decays
Creators: name: Dutta, Rupak
name: Bhol, Anupama
name: Giri, Anjan K
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent measurements of exclusive $B^{-} \to τ^{-}\,ν$ and $B^0 \to π^{+}\,l^{-}\,\barν_l$ decays via the $b \to u\,l\,ν$ transition process differ from the standard model expectation and, if they persist in future $B$ experiments, will be a definite hint of the physics beyond the standard model. Similar hints of new physics have been observed in $b \to c$ semileptonic transition processes as well. BABAR measures the ratio of branching fractions of $B \to (D,\,D^{\ast})\,τ\,ν$ to the corresponding $B \to (D,\,D^{\ast})\,lν$, where $l$ represents either an electron or a muon, and finds $3.4σ$ discrepancy with the standard model expectation. In this context, we consider a most general effective Lagrangian for the $b \to u\,l\,ν$ and $b \to c\,l\,ν$ transition processes in the presence of new physics and perform a combined analysis of all the $b \to u$ and $b \to c$ semi-(leptonic) data to explore various new physics operators and their couplings. We consider various new physics scenarios and give predictions for the $B_c \to τν$ and $B \to πτν$ decay branching fractions. We also study the effect of these new physics parameters on the ratio of the branching ratios of $B \to πτν$ to the corresponding $B \to π\,l\,ν$ decays.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures, published version
Transitions in the Workflow of a Psychiatric Hospital Unit During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Design Implications
Creators: name: Ruiz, Raquel Lauren
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2022
Subjects: Structural engineering

description: As in many other aspects of society, the COVID-19 pandemic imposed a stress test on the entire healthcare system. Hospitals faced complex challenges, including making adaptations to each unit's specific characteristics and needs. Inpatient psychiatric units differ substantially from other hospital units, creating unique problems and considerations to safely manage patients, families, and healthcare staff during a pandemic. As research is done to improve our infrastructure for future pandemics, facilities with psychiatric units have unique design considerations. This thesis aims to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the workflow of a psychiatric unit and its possible implications on future design requirements. Specifically, looking at transitions, i.e., what areas remained unchanged, what changes were made but have not persisted, and those that persisted, and what needs to be improved to better function in the next pandemic. The methodology used in this study included an examination of current design requirements and specifications and the workflow in a facility of this type. To maintain the facility's and staff's privacy, the specific unit is identified as Unit-A. A construction firm provided access to drawings, and engineers were interviewed to elucidate specific design/performance requirements. The methodology also included interviews of nurses and administrative staff actively engaged within Unit-A throughout the pandemic. A workflow was established based on the information collected before and during the pandemic. An analysis of the interviews and the workflow revealed: (i) the highest demands were placed on the direct-care staff, and (ii) policies implemented by the hospital without special consideration for the psychiatric unit caused unintended strain on the workflow. These significant findings suggest that each hospital should have a unique pandemic plan to accommodate their respective units. Obtaining more input from those directly impacted will improve the resiliency of the workflow. These findings also suggest that design specifications need to more effectively incorporate the needs of the professional staff, such as including a larger number of spaces for the healthcare staff in the hospital compared to current standards
Anacroneuria
Creators: name: Ribeiro, José Moacir Ferreira
name: Rafael, José Albertino
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Plecoptera
Perlidae
Anacroneuria

description: Key to adult Anacroneuria of Reserva Floresta Adolpho Ducke, A. amazonica known only from females
 1– Pronotum largely dark brown laterally and narrowly dark brown posteriorly, medially light yellow (Figs 6–7); head predominantly dark brown with ocelli separated by twice their width (Fig. 8). Aedeagus scletotized, apex truncate (Figs. 30–32). Penial armature with hooks short, folded for low (Fig. 31). Female sternum eight with median notch deeper and paramedian lobes longer and lateral lobes small (Fig. 33). ................................ Anacroneuria manauensis
– Pronotum light brown to yellow laterally, medially light yellow, reaching the posterior margin (Figs. 1–2, 11–12); head predominantly yellow to whitish in alcohol with ocelli separated by one time their width (Figs. 3, 13); aedeagus less scletotized, apex acuminate (Figs. 20–22, 40-42). Female sternum eight with median notch shallower or deeper than sublateral notch (Figs. 23, 43 and 45)................................................................................................................... 2
 2– Pronotum with narrow and distinct lateral brown stripe (Fig. 13); apex of aedeagus trilobed (Figs. 40–41). Penial armature with hooks short, folded slightly for low (Fig. 41). Female sternum eight with lateral lobes longer than paramedian lobes (Fig. 43) .......................................................................................................... Anacroneuria marlieri
– Pronotum uniformly colored, lacking lateral stripe or with lateral stripes composed of lightly pigmented rugosities (Fig. 3); aedeagal apex with a distinct medial lobe (Figs. 20–21). Female sternum eight with lateral lobes equal to or shorter than paramedian lobes (Figs. 2)........................................................................................................................ 3
 3– Pronotum with slightly darker lateral stripe (Fig. 3). Apex of aedeagus with a wavy medial keel, with internal depression and two distinct, membranous vesicles, penial armature with hooks long, directed inward (Fig. 21). Female sternum eight with four lobes of equal length (Fig. 23) ................................................... Anacroneuria minuta
 – Pronotum uniformly colored, without darker lateral stripe. Female sternum eight with lateral lobes smaller than paramedian lobes (Fig. 46) ..................................................................................................... Anacroneuria amazonica
description: Published as part of Ribeiro, José Moacir Ferreira & Rafael, José Albertino, 2009, Redescription of the species of Anacroneuria Klapálek known from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Amazonas, Brazil with a neotype designation, and a key to adults males, Amazonas, Brazil. (Plecoptera, Perlidae), pp. 1-15 in Zootaxa 2004 on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.185621
The co-evolution of brand effect and competitiveness in evolving networks
Creators: name: Guo, Jin-Li
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The principle that 'the brand effect is attractive' underlies preferential attachment. Here we show that the brand effect is just one dimension of attractiveness. Another dimension is competitiveness. We firstly develop a general framework that allows us to investigate the competitive aspect of real networks, instead of simply preferring popular nodes. Our model accurately describes the evolution of social and technological networks. The phenomenon which more competitive nodes become richer links can help us to understand the evolution of many competitive systems in nature and society. In general, the paper provides an explicit analytical expression of degree distributions of the network. In particular, the model yields a nontrivial time evolution of nodes' properties and scale-free behavior with exponents depending on the microscopic parameters characterizing the competition rules. Secondly, through theoretical analysis and numerical simulations, it reveals that our model has not only the universality for the homogeneous weighted network, but also the character for the heterogeneous weighted network. Thirdly, the paper also develops a model based on a profit-driven mechanism. It can better describe the observed phenomenon in enterprise cooperation networks. We show that standard preferential attachment, the growing random graph, the initial attractiveness model, the fitness model and weighted networks, can all be seen as degenerate cases of our model.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1101.1638; and with arXiv:cond-mat/0406238 by other authors
Compactly supported Hamiltonian loops with non zero Calabi invariant
Creators: name: Kislev, Asaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Symplectic Geometry (math.SG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53Dxx

description: We give examples of compactly supported Hamiltonian loops with non zero Calabi invariant on certain open symplectic manifolds.
description: 12 pages
On a Conjecture of Erdős, Gallai, and Tuza
Creators: name: Puleo, Gregory J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C70

description: Erdős, Gallai, and Tuza posed the following problem: given an $n$-vertex graph $G$, let $τ_1(G)$ denote the smallest size of a set of edges whose deletion makes $G$ triangle-free, and let $α_1(G)$ denote the largest size of a set of edges containing at most one edge from each triangle of $G$. Is it always the case that $α_1(G) + τ_1(G) \leq n^2/4$? We have two main results. We first obtain the upper bound $α_1(G) + τ_1(G) \leq 5n^2/16$, as a partial result towards the Erdős--Gallai--Tuza conjecture. We also show that always $α_1(G) \leq n^2/2 - m$, where $m$ is the number of edges in $G$; this bound is sharp in several notable cases.
description: 5 pages, minor revisions: added new details, new conjecture, and cleaned up notation slightly
Hubble parameter corrected interactions in cosmology
Creators: name: Sadeghi, J.
name: Khurshudyan, M.
name: Hakobyan, M.
name: Farahani, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we make steps in a new direction by considering fluids with EoS of more general form $F(ρ,P)=0$. It is thought that there should be interaction between cosmic fluids, but this assumption for this stage carries only phenomenological character opening a room for different kind of manipulations. In this article we will consider a modification of an interaction $Q$, where we accept that interaction parameter $b_{1}$ (order of unity) in $Q=3Hb_{1}ρ$ is time dependent and presented as a linear function of Hubble parameter $H$ of the form $b_{0}+btH$, where $b$ and $b_{0}$ are constants. We consider two different models include modified Chaplygin gas and palotropic gas which have bulk viscosity. Then, we investigate problem numerically and analyze behavior of different cosmological parameters concerning to fluids and behavior of Universe.
description: 21 pages. Comparison with observational data added in new version
Additive actions on projective hypersurfaces
Creators: name: Arzhantsev, Ivan
name: Popovskiy, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 13H, 14L30, Secondary 14J50, 15A69

description: By an additive action on a hypersurface H in the projective space P^{n+1} we mean an effective action of a commutative unipotent group on P^{n+1} which leaves H invariant and acts on H with an open orbit. Brendan Hassett and Yuri Tschinkel have shown that actions of commutative unipotent groups on projective spaces can be described in terms of local algebras with some additional data. We prove that additive actions on projective hypersurfaces correspond to invariant multilinear symmetric forms on local algebras. It allows us to obtain explicit classification results for non-degenerate quadrics and quadrics of corank one.
description: 14 pages
Geometric Hamilton-Jacobi theory for higher-order autonomous systems
Creators: name: Colombo, Leonardo
name: de León, Manuel
name: Prieto-Martínez, Pedro Daniel
name: Román-Roy, Narciso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 53C15, 53C80, 70H03, 70H05, 70H20, 70H50

description: The geometric framework for the Hamilton-Jacobi theory is used to study this theory in the ambient of higher-order mechanical systems, both in the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms. Thus, we state the corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equations in these formalisms and apply our results to analyze some particular physical examples.
description: 26 pp. Revised version: Minor corrections done. References updated
Double magnetic resonance and spin anisotropy in Fe-based superconductors due to static and fluctuating antiferromagnetic orders
Creators: name: Lv, Weicheng
name: Moreo, Adriana
name: Dagotto, Elbio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent neutron scattering experiments in Fe-based superconductors, we study how the magnetic resonance in the superconducting state is affected by the simultaneous presence of either static or fluctuating magnetic orders using the random phase approximation. We find that for the underdoped materials with coexisting superconducting and antiferromagnetic orders, spin rotational symmetry is explicitly broken at the ordering momentum $Q_1 = (π,0)$. Only the longitudinal susceptibility exhibits the resonance mode, whereas a spin-wave Goldstone mode develops in the transverse component. Meanwhile, at the frustrated momentum $Q_2 = (0,π)$, the susceptibility becomes isotropic in spin space and the magnetic resonance exists for both components. Furthermore, the resonance energies at $Q_1$ and $Q_2$ have distinct scales, which provides a natural explanation for the recently observed double resonance peaks. In addition, we show that near optimal doping the existence of strong magnetic fluctuations, which are modeled here via a Gaussian mode, can still induce the spin anisotropy in the magnetic susceptibility.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, accepted version in PRB
D2.7 Conceptual Model and Reference Architecture V2
Creators: name: Patiño, Marta
name: Azqueta, Ainhoa
name: Amicone, Alessandro
name: Marangoni, Luca
name: Gnatyuk, Petro
name: Michailidou, Victoria
name: Ipektsidis, Charalampos
name: Papadakis, Athanasios
name: Teixeira, Tiago
name: Cristofori, Andrea
name: Rorro, Marco
name: Tenhunen, Ville
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Reference Architecture
Components
API
Conceptual Model

description: This deliverable describes the second version of the AI4PublicPolicy reference architecture, the first version was presented in deliverable D2.6. Although the components remain the same, some of them have been updated after they have been evaluated by the pilots. The components and the Reference Architecture have been validated towards both the Conceptual Model, describing how the components interact to fulfil the AI-based Policy Making Process in the main high-level scenarios, and the Pilots user stories reported in deliverable D2.1, mapping the components to the needs of each user story.
Hyperbolic semi-adequate links
Creators: name: Futer, David
name: Kalfagianni, Efstratia
name: Purcell, Jessica S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M25, 57M27, 57M50

description: We provide a diagrammatic criterion for semi-adequate links to be hyperbolic. We also give a conjectural description of the satellite structures of semi-adequate links. One application of our result is that the closures of sufficiently complicated positive braids are hyperbolic links.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures
Probing macroscopic realism via Ramsey correlations measurements
Creators: name: Asadian, A.
name: Brukner, C.
name: Rabl, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new and experimentally feasible protocol for performing fundamental tests of quantum mechanics with massive objects. In our approach a single two level system is used to probe the motion of a nanomechanical resonator via multiple Ramsey interference measurements. This scheme enables the measurement of modular variables of macroscopic continuous variable systems and we show that correlations thereof violate a Leggett-Garg inequality and can be applied for tests of quantum contextuality. Our method can be implemented with a variety of different solid state or photonic qubit-resonator systems and provides a clear experimental signature to distinguish the predictions of quantum mechanics from those of other alternative theories at a macroscopic scale.
description: 5 pages plus Supplementary Material. Published in Phys. Rev. Lett
Optimal Strategies for a Long-Term Static Investor
Creators: name: Zhu, Lingjiong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: The optimal strategies for a long-term static investor are studied. Given a portfolio of a stock and a bond, we derive the optimal allocation of the capitols to maximize the expected long-term growth rate of a utility function of the wealth. When the bond has constant interest rate, three models for the underlying stock price processes are studied: Heston model, 3/2 model and jump diffusion model. We also study the optimal strategies for a portfolio in which the stock price process follows a Black-Scholes model and the bond process has a Vasicek interest rate that is correlated to the stock price.
description: 14 pages
Valuation Perspectives and Decompositions for Variable Annuities with GMWB riders
Creators: name: Hyndman, Cody B.
name: Wenger, Menachem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 91G20, 60G40

description: The guaranteed minimum withdrawal benefit (GMWB) rider, as an add on to a variable annuity (VA), guarantees the return of premiums in the form of peri- odic withdrawals while allowing policyholders to participate fully in any market gains. GMWB riders represent an embedded option on the account value with a fee structure that is different from typical financial derivatives. We consider fair pricing of the GMWB rider from a financial economic perspective. Particular focus is placed on the distinct perspectives of the insurer and policyholder and the unifying relationship. We extend a decomposition of the VA contract into components that reflect term-certain payments and embedded derivatives to the case where the policyholder has the option to surrender, or lapse, the contract early.
description: 18 pages, proof of Lemma A.1 expanded for clarity
Remarks on mechanical approach to observable Universe
Creators: name: Eingorn, Maxim
name: Zhuk, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Universe deep inside the cell of uniformity. At these scales, the Universe is filled with inhomogeneously distributed discrete structures (galaxies, groups and clusters of galaxies), which perturb the background Friedmann model. Here, the mechanical approach (Eingorn & Zhuk, 2012) is the most appropriate to describe the dynamics of the inhomogeneities which is defined, on the one hand, by gravitational potentials of inhomogeneities and, on the other hand, by the cosmological expansion of the Universe. In this paper, we present additional arguments in favor of this approach. First, we estimate the size of the cell of uniformity. With the help of the standard methods of statistical physics and for the galaxies of the type of the Milky Way and Andromeda, we get that it is of the order of 190 Mpc which is rather close to observations. Then, we show that the nonrelativistic approximation (with respect to the peculiar velocities) is valid for $z \lesssim 10$, i.e. approximately for 13 billion years from the present moment. We consider scalar perturbations and, within the $Λ$CDM model, justify the main equations. Moreover, we demonstrate that radiation can be naturally incorporated into our scheme. This emphasizes the viability of our approach. This approach gives a possibility to analyze different cosmological models and compare them with the observable Universe. For example, we indicate some problematic aspects of the spatially flat models. Such models require a rather specific distribution of the inhomogeneities to get a finite potential at any points outside gravitating masses. We also criticize the application of the Schwarzschild-de Sitter solution to the description of the motion of test bodies on the cosmological background.
description: 17 pages, no figures
Tracer diffusion inside fibrinogen layers
Creators: name: Cieśla, Michał
name: Gudowska-Nowak, Ewa
name: Sagués, Francesc
name: Sokolov, Igor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the obstructed motion of tracer (test) particles in crowded environments by carrying simulations of two-dimensional Gaussian random walk in model fibrinogen monolayers of different orientational ordering. The fibrinogen molecules are significantly anisotropic and therefore they can form structures where orientational ordering, similar to the one observed in nematic liquid crystals, appears. The work focuses on the dependence between level of the orientational order (degree of environmental crowding) of fibrinogen molecules inside a layer and non-Fickian character of the diffusion process of spherical tracer particles moving within the domain. It is shown that in general particles motion is subdiffusive and strongly anisotropic, and its characteristic features significantly change with the orientational order parameter, concentration of fibrinogens and radius of a diffusing probe.
description: 8 pages, 12 figures
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MECHANISMS IN ASTROCYTE-T CELL CROSS-TALK
Creators: name: FILIPELLO, FABIA
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2014

description: Migration of encephalitogenic T cells into the brain parenchima through the blood?brain barrier (BBB) is a crucial feature for initiating tissue injury in different neuroinflammatory diseases. The BBB is comprised of astrocyte processes and endothelial cells, which form the lumen of the brain microvasculature and help in maintaining immune quiescence through contact-dependent mechanisms as well as release of soluble factors. Activated CD4+ T cells may establish physical contacts with astrocytes, thereby reciprocally influencing cellular activity and functions. In addition, astrocytes and CD4 T cells may communicate through the secretion of soluble signaling molecules during contact. Among molecules secreted by astrocyte, ATP is a key messenger which can also signal to CD4 T cell through purinergic P2 receptors. Our results show that activated CD4+ T cells inhibit calcium oscillations in astrocytes through direct modulation of extracellular ATP levels. This effect correlated with the expression of plasma membrane ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase CD39, which is induced by contact of the activated T cell with astrocyte. In addition, T cell contact with astrocyte results in the upregulation of the ecto-5?-nucleotidase CD73, which converts AMP to adenosine. This effect was peculiar of T cell contact with astrocyte since it did not occur with microglia or peritoneal macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of Ca2+ oscillations in astrocyte completely prevented CD73 induction on T cell, thus suggesting that a gliostrasmitter released by astrocyte in a Ca2+-dependent fashion might be responsible of this effect. Since degradation of ATP to adenosine by CD73 regulates BBB permeability and leukocytes infiltration into the brain this regulatory circuit might have important pathogenetic implications in multiple sclerosis and other neuroinflammatory conditions. Finally, functional characterization of T cell upon contact with astrocyte allowed us to assess a proinflammatory phenotype and Th17 skewing albeit with important differences, such as CD39 and CD73 expression, with respect to conventionally activated cells. Thus, we characterized an astrocyte specific signature of T cell activation, which might be important in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disorders.
Entire solutions for a class of elliptic equations involving $p$-biharmonic operator and Rellich potentials
Creators: name: Bhakta, Mousomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35

description: We study existence, multiplicity and qualitative properties of entire solutions for a noncompact problem related to p-biharmonic type equations with weights. More precisely, we deal with the following family of equations $$ Δ_{p}^2 u = λ|x|^{-2p}|u|^{p-2}u + |x|^{-β}|u|^{q-2} u\quad\text{in} \quad \mathbb R^N, $$ where $N> 2p$, $p>1$, $q>p$, $β= N - \frac{q}{p}(N-2p)$ and $λ\in\mathbb R$ is smaller than the Rellich constant.
description: 12 pages
Far-from-equilibrium Sheared Colloidal Liquids: Disentangling Relaxation, Advection, and Shear-induced Diffusion
Creators: name: Lin, Neil Y. C
name: Goyal, Sushmit
name: Cheng, Xiang
name: Zia, Roseanna N.
name: Escobedo, Fernando
name: Cohen, Itai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using high-speed confocal microscopy, we measure the particle positions in a colloidal suspension under large amplitude oscillatory shear. Using the particle positions we quantify the in situ anisotropy of the pair-correlation function -- a measure of the Brownian stress. From these data, we find two distinct types of responses as the system crosses over from equilibrium to far-from-equilibrium states. The first is a nonlinear amplitude saturation that arises from shear-induced advection, while the second is a linear frequency saturation due to competition between suspension relaxation and shear rate. In spite of their different underlying mechanisms, we show that all the data can be scaled onto a master curve that spans the equilibrium and far-from-equilibrium regimes, linking small amplitude oscillatory to continuous shear. This observation illustrates a colloidal analog of the Cox-Merz rule and its microscopic underpinning. Brownian Dynamics simulations show that interparticle interactions are sufficient for generating both experimentally observed saturations.
On the estimation of statistical uncertainties on powder diffraction and small angle scattering data from 2-D x-ray detectors
Creators: name: Yang, Xiaohao
name: Juhas, Pavol
name: Billinge, Simon J. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper explores optimal methods for obtaining one-dimensional (1D) powder pattern intensities from two-dimensional (2D) planar detectors with good estimates of their standard deviations. We describe methods to estimate uncertainties when the same image is measured in multiple frames as well as from a single frame. We show the importance of considering the correlation of diffraction points during the integration and the re-sampling process of data analysis. We find that correlations between adjacent pixels in the image can lead to seriously overestimated uncertainties if it is neglected in the integration process. Off-diagonal entries in the variance-covariance (VC) matrix are problematic as virtually all data processing and modeling programs cannot handle the full VC matrix. We show the off-diagonal terms come mainly from the pixel splitting algorithm used as the default integration algorithm in many popular 2D integration programs, as well as from re-binning and re-sampling steps later in the processing. When the full VC matrix can be propagated during the data reduction, it is possible to get accurate refined parameters and their uncertainties at the cost of increasing computational complexity. However, as this is not normally possible, we explore the best approximate methods for data processing in order to estimate uncertainties on refined parameters with the greatest accuracy from just the diagonal variance terms in the VC matrix.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, 1 table
Quantum Storage of Heralded Single Photons in a Praseodymium Doped Crystal
Creators: name: Rieländer, Daniel
name: Kutluer, Kutlu
name: Ledingham, Patrick
name: Gündoğan, Mustafa
name: Fekete, Julia
name: Mazzera, Margherita
name: de Riedmatten, Hugues
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on experiments demonstrating the reversible mapping of heralded single photons to long lived collective optical atomic excitations stored in a Pr$^{3+}$:Y$_2$SiO$_5$ crystal. A cavity-enhanced spontaneous down-conversion source is employed to produce widely non-degenerate narrow-band ($\approx 2\,\mathrm{MHz}$) photon-pairs. The idler photons, whose frequency is compatible with telecommunication optical fibers, are used to herald the creation of the signal photons, compatible with the Pr$^{3+}$ transition. The signal photons are stored and retrieved using the atomic frequency comb protocol. We demonstrate storage times up to $4.5\,\mathrm{μs}$ while preserving non-classical correlations between the heralding and the retrieved photon. This is more than 20 times longer than in previous realizations in solid state devices, and implemented in a system ideally suited for the extension to spin-wave storage.
description: 5 pages plus supplemental material, 10 figures, 3 tables, published version