cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The ATLASGAL survey: a catalog of dust condensations in the Galactic plane
Creators: name: Csengeri, T.
name: Urquhart, J. S.
name: Schuller, F.
name: Motte, F.
name: Bontemps, S.
name: Wyrowski, F.
name: Menten, K. M.
name: Bronfman, L.
name: Beuther, H.
name: Henning, Th.
name: Testi, L.
name: Zavagno, A.
name: Walmsley, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The formation processes and the evolutionary stages of high-mass stars are poorly understood compared to low-mass stars. Large-scale surveys are needed to provide an unbiased census of high column density sites which can potentially host precursors to high-mass stars. Here we use the ATLASGAL survey covering 420 sq. degree of the Galactic plane at 870 $μ$m; and use the MRE-GLC method to identify the population of embedded sources throughout the inner Galaxy. We identify in total 10861 compact sub-millimeter sources with fluxes above 5 sigma. Completeness tests show that our catalogue is 97% complete above 5 sigma and >99% complete above 7$σ$. We correlate this sample with mid-infrared point source catalogues (MSX at 21.3 $μ$m and WISE at 22 $μ$m) and determine a lower limit of ~33% that are associated with embedded protostellar objects. We note that the proportion of clumps associated with mid-infrared sources increases with increasing flux density, achieving a rather constant fraction of ~75% of all clumps with fluxes over 5 Jy/beam being associated with star-formation. Examining the source counts as a function of Galactic longitude we are able to identify the most prominent star forming regions in the Galaxy. From the fraction of the likely massive quiescent clumps (~25%) we estimate a formation time-scale of ~7.5+/-2.5 $\times$ 10$^4$yr for the deeply embedded phase before the emergence of luminous YSOs. Such a short duration for the formation of high-mass stars in massive clumps clearly proves that the earliest phases have to be dynamic with supersonic motions.
description: accepted for publication by A&A
Supporting Information from Multiple lines and levels of evidence for avian zoochory promoting fish colonization of artificial lakes
Creators: name: Garcia, Flavien
name: Paz-Vinas, Ivan
name: Gaujard, Arnaud
name: Olden, Julian D.
name: Cucherousset, Julien
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Understanding how obligate freshwater organisms colonize seemingly isolated ecosystems has long fascinated ecologists. While recent investigations reveal that fish eggs can survive the digestive tract of birds and successfully hatch once deposited, evidence for avian zoochory in natura is still lacking. Here, we used a multiple lines and levels of evidence approach to demonstrate plausible bird-mediated colonization of lakes by the European perch (Perca fluviatilis). We studied a set of newly-formed artificial lakes that the public is either prohibited to access because of gravel extraction or allowed to access (mainly for angling). The motivating observation is that a large proportion of prohibited-access lakes (>80%) were colonized by European perch even though stocking by anglers and managers never occurred. Three supplementary lines of evidence supported avian zoochory. First, European perch spawning occurs when waterfowl abundance is very high. Second, European perch lays sticky eggs at shallow depths where they can be eaten by waterfowls or attached to their bodies. Third, genetic analyses suggested that European perch actually migrate among lakes, and that distances moved matches with daily flight range of foraging waterfowls. Together, multiple lines of evidence point to avian zoochory as a pathway for fish colonizing remote or newly-formed freshwater ecosystems.
Reasons To Choose Web Experts For Web Designing
Creators: name: Smith
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Web Experts, UAE are the perfect place offering a web design services in Dubai and UAE arena that reflects your brand uniqueness which becomes the symbol of business, since its inception in 2015. For the people who really need attention about their brand, Web Experts is the best website design & development company of choice. As a high-level digital agency, we focus on creative and results-oriented solutions.
Controlling strongly correlated dust clusters with lasers
Creators: name: Thomsen, Hauke
name: Ludwig, Patrick
name: Bonitz, Michael
name: Schablinski, Jan
name: Block, Dietmar
name: Schella, André
name: Melzer, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The most attractive feature of dusty plasmas is the possibility to create strong correlations at room temperatures. At the same time, these plasmas allow for a precise diagnostics with single-particle resolution. From such measurements, the structural properties of finite two-dimensional (2D) clusters and three-dimensional (3D) spherical crystals in nearly harmonic traps-Yukawa balls-have been explored in great detail. Their structural properties-the shell compositions and the order within the shells-have been investigated and good agreement to theoretical predictions was found. Open questions on the agenda are the excitation behavior, the structural changes, and phase transitions that occur at elevated temperature. In order to increase the dust temperature in the experiment various techniques have been used. Among them, laser heating appears to have unique capabilities because it affects only the dust particles, leaving the lighter plasma components unchanged. Here we report on recent experimental results where laser heating methods were further improved and applied to finite 2D and 3D clusters. Comparing to simulations, we demonstrate that this indeed allows to increase the temperature in a controlled manner. For the analysis of thermodynamics and phase transitions in these finite systems, we present theoretical and experimental results on the basis of the instantaneous normal modes, pair distribution function and the recently introduced center-two-particle distribution function.
Media summary from Multiple lines and levels of evidence for avian zoochory promoting fish colonization of artificial lakes
Creators: name: Garcia, Flavien
name: Paz-Vinas, Ivan
name: Gaujard, Arnaud
name: Olden, Julian D.
name: Cucherousset, Julien
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Understanding how obligate freshwater organisms colonize seemingly isolated ecosystems has long fascinated ecologists. While recent investigations reveal that fish eggs can survive the digestive tract of birds and successfully hatch once deposited, evidence for avian zoochory in natura is still lacking. Here, we used a multiple lines and levels of evidence approach to demonstrate plausible bird-mediated colonization of lakes by the European perch (Perca fluviatilis). We studied a set of newly-formed artificial lakes that the public is either prohibited to access because of gravel extraction or allowed to access (mainly for angling). The motivating observation is that a large proportion of prohibited-access lakes (>80%) were colonized by European perch even though stocking by anglers and managers never occurred. Three supplementary lines of evidence supported avian zoochory. First, European perch spawning occurs when waterfowl abundance is very high. Second, European perch lays sticky eggs at shallow depths where they can be eaten by waterfowls or attached to their bodies. Third, genetic analyses suggested that European perch actually migrate among lakes, and that distances moved matches with daily flight range of foraging waterfowls. Together, multiple lines of evidence point to avian zoochory as a pathway for fish colonizing remote or newly-formed freshwater ecosystems.
Model for Triplet State Engineering in Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Creators: name: Prodhan, Suryoday
name: Soos, Zoltan G.
name: Ramasesha, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engineering the position of the lowest triplet state (T1) relative to the first excited singlet state (S1) is of great importance in improving the efficiencies of organic light emitting diodes and organic photovoltaic cells. We have carried out model exact calculations of substituted polyene chains to understand the factors that affect the energy gap between S1 and T1. The factors studied are backbone dimerisation, different donor-acceptor substitutions and twisted geometry. The largest system studied is an eighteen carbon polyene which spans a Hilbert space of about 991 million. We show that for reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) process, the best system involves substituting all carbon sites on one half of the polyene with donors and the other half with acceptors.
description: 7 Pages; 10 Figures
Automated macrophage counting in DLBCL tissue samples: a ROF filter based approach
Creators: name: Wagner, M.
name: Hansel, R.
name: Reinke, S.
name: Richter, J.
name: Altenbuchinger, Michael
name: Braumann, U. D.
name: Spang, Rainer
name: Loffler, M.
name: Klapper, W.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Automated cell counting; CD14; CD163; Floating threshold; Immunohistochemical staining; Macrophage; ROF filtering; Rule-based detection
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: For analysis of the tumor microenvironment in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tissue samples, it is desirable to obtain information about counts and distribution of different macrophage subtypes. Until now, macrophage counts are mostly inferred from gene expression analysis of whole tissue sections, providing only indirect information. Direct analysis of immunohistochemically (IHC) fluorescence stained tissue samples is confronted with several difficulties, e.g. high variability of shape and size of target macrophages and strongly inhomogeneous intensity of staining. Consequently, application of commercial software is largely restricted to very rough analysis modes, and most macrophage counts are still obtained by manual counting in microarrays or high power fields, thus failing to represent the heterogeneity of tumor microenvironment adequately. Methods: We describe a Rudin-Osher-Fatemi (ROF) filter based segmentation approach for whole tissue samples, combining floating intensity thresholding and rule-based feature detection. Method is validated against manual counts and compared with two commercial software kits (Tissue Studio 64, Definiens AG, and Halo, Indica Labs) and a straightforward machine-learning approach in a set of 50 test images. Further, the novel method and both commercial packages are applied to a set of 44 whole tissue sections. Outputs are compared with gene expression data available for the same tissue samples. Finally, the ROF based method is applied to 44 expert-specified tumor subregions for testing selection and subsampling strategies. Results: Among all tested methods, the novel approach is best correlated with manual count (0.9297). Automated detection of evaluation subregions proved to be fully reliable. Comparison with gene expression data obtained for the same tissue samples reveals only moderate to low correlation levels. Subsampling within tumor subregions is possible with results almost identical to full sampling. Mean macrophage size in tumor subregions is 152.5±111.3 μm2. Conclusions: ROF based approach is successfully applied to detection of IHC stained macrophages in DLBCL tissue samples. The method competes well with existing commercial software kits. In difference to them, it is fully automated, externally repeatable, independent on training data and completely documented. Comparison with gene expression data indicates that image morphometry constitutes an independent source of information about antibody-polarized macrophage occurence and distribution.
Sheared stably stratified turbulence and large-scale waves in a lid driven cavity
Creators: name: Cohen, N.
name: Eidelman, A.
name: Elperin, T.
name: Kleeorin, N.
name: Rogachevskii, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated experimentally stably stratified turbulent flows in a lid driven cavity with a non-zero vertical mean temperature gradient in order to identify the parameters governing the mean and turbulent flows and to understand their effects on the momentum and heat transfer. We found that the mean velocity patterns (e.g., the form and the sizes of the large-scale circulations) depend strongly on the degree of the temperature stratification. In the case of strong stable stratification, the strong turbulence region is located in the vicinity of the main large-scale circulation. We detected the large-scale nonlinear oscillations in the case of strong stable stratification which can be interpreted as nonlinear internal gravity waves. The ratio of the main energy-containing frequencies of these waves in velocity and temperature fields in the nonlinear stage is about 2. The amplitude of the waves increases in the region of weak turbulence (near the bottom wall of the cavity), whereby the vertical mean temperature gradient increases.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, REVTEX4-1
Empirical Assessment of Callous-Unemotional Traits in Preschool: A Comparison of Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Network Analysis
Creators: name: Bansal, Pevitr Singh
Publisher: name: University of Kentucky Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Abstract:
Callous – unemotional (CU) traits are a key factor in understanding the persistence and severity of conduct problems. The factor structure of CU traits has been primarily examined through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in childhood and adolescent samples, yet little research has examined the structure of CU traits in preschool. Further, current CFA models have yielded poor – to – marginally acceptable fit, suggesting the need for a more nuanced approach in understanding the structure of CU traits in early childhood using an interitem approach (i.e., network analysis). Within a sample of 109 preschool children (M age = 4.77, SD = 1.10), CFA results supported a two – factor structure of the ICU, comprised of “callous” and “uncaring” factors. Results of the network analysis identified seems cold and uncaring as most central to the CU network. Results from the CFA demonstrated that CU traits can be assessed in preschool children using 12 of the original 24 items from the ICU, which is consistent with a small portion of research. Further, results of the network analysis suggested that seems cold and uncaring may be useful in screening for psychopathic traits in preschool children. Clinical implications, including ICU measure refinement, are explored.
Pevitr Bansal's ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7340-4215
Copyright: © Pevitr Singh Bansal 2018
Quantization, Holography and the Universal Coefficient Theorem
Creators: name: Patrascu, Andrei T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I present a method of quantization using cohomology groups extended via coefficient groups of different types. This is possible according to the Universal Coefficient Theorem (UCT). I also show that by using this method new features of quantum field theory not visible in the previous treatments emerge. The main argument is that several constructions considered as absolute until now may appear as relative, depending on individual choices of group structures needed to probe a topology. The universal coefficient theorem also gives information about how these structures as measured by different choices of groups, relate to each other. This may result in the formulation of new dualities and a deeper understanding of the relation between quantum field theories and gravity.
description: Accepted for publication in this form in Physical Review D, section 15
Spectral asymptotics of a broken delta interaction
Creators: name: Duchene, Vincent
name: Raymond, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is concerned with the spectral analysis of a Hamiltonian with a $δ$-interaction supported along a broken line with angle $θ$. The bound states with energy slightly below the threshold of the essential spectrum are estimated in the semiclassical regime $θ\to 0$.
description: 20 pages
MarineGEO Temperature Logger Protocol
Creators: name: Harper, Leah
name: Network, Tennenbaum Marine Observatories
name: MarineGEO
Publisher: name: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Year: 2022
Subjects: Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)

description: The "MarineGEO Temperature Logger Protocol" collects deployment and retrieval metadata for EnvLogger temperature loggers deployed at MarineGEO sampling locations.
Thermal-inertial effects on magnetic reconnection in relativistic pair plasmas
Creators: name: Comisso, Luca
name: Asenjo, Felipe A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic reconnection process is studied in relativistic pair plasmas when the thermal and inertial properties of the magnetohydrodynamical fluid are included. We find that in both Sweet-Parker and Petschek relativistic scenarios there is an increase of the reconnection rate owing to the thermal-inertial effects, both satisfying causality. To characterize the new effects we define a thermal-inertial number which is independent of the relativistic Lundquist number, implying that reconnection can be achieved even for vanishing resistivity as a result of only thermal-inertial effects. The current model has fundamental importance for relativistic collisionless reconnection, as it constitutes the simplest way to get reconnection rates faster than those accessible with the sole resistivity.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters; 1 figure; Relativistic plasma physics
Do Education Sector Credit Cards Differ with Other Credit Cards in Malaysia?
Creators: name: Alam, Md. Mahmudul
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Finance

description: Purpose: The credit card market is very large and segmented by targeting different types of consumers. One type of credit card is one that specifically targets people in the education sector, for instance students, teachers and other staff members. This study aims to compare the features of education and other credit cards in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach: The study analyzes data concerning 234 credit cards by using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. Findings: Out of 234 credit cards, this study found only two credit cards especially target education sector customers. The study evaluated thirteen features of these credit cards and found that only two features are statistically significantly different from other conventional credit cards in Malaysia. These features are interest rate and cash withdrawal charge fees. Originality/value: This is an original study based on compilation of data from secondary sources. The findings will provide valuable insights to financial regulatory policy-makers, academics, and business managers.
Transverse profile and three-dimensional spin canting of a Majorana state in carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Milz, Lars
name: Izumida, Wataru
name: Grifoni, Milena
name: Marganska, Magdalena
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften
subject: 530 Physik

description: The full spatial 3D profile of Majorana bound states (MBS) in a nanowirelike setup featuring a semiconducting carbon nanotube (CNT) as the central element is discussed. By atomic tight-binding calculations, we show that the chiral nature of the CNT lattice is imprinted in the MBS wave function which has a helical structure, anisotropic in the transverse direction. The local spin-canting angle displays a similar spiral pattern, varying around the CNT circumference. We reconstruct the intricate 3D profile of the MBS wave function analytically, using an effective low-energy Hamiltonian accounting both for the electronic spin and valley degrees of freedom of the CNT. In our model, the four components of the Majorana spinor are related by the three symmetries of our Bogoliubov-de Gennes Hamiltonian, reducing the number of independent components to one. A Fourier transform analysis uncovers the presence of three contributions to the MBS, one from the Γ-point and one from each of the Fermi points, with further complexity added by the presence of two valley states in each contribution.
Circuit-quantum electrodynamics with direct magnetic coupling to single-atom spin qubits in isotopically enriched 28Si
Creators: name: Tosi, Guilherme
name: Mohiyaddin, Fahd A.
name: Huebl, Hans
name: Morello, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent advances in silicon nanofabrication have allowed the manipulation of spin qubits that are extremely isolated from noise sources, being therefore the semiconductor equivalent of single atoms in vacuum. We investigate the possibility of directly coupling an electron spin qubit to a superconducting resonator magnetic vacuum field. By using resonators modified to increase the vacuum magnetic field at the qubit location, and isotopically purified 28Si substrates, it is possible to achieve coupling rates faster than the single spin dephasing. This opens up new avenues for circuit-quantum electrodynamics with spins, and provides a pathway for dispersive read-out of spin qubits via superconducting resonators.
MarineGEO Predation Assay Protocol
Creators: name: Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network
name: MarineGEO
Publisher: name: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Year: 2022
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified
Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)

description: "MarineGEO Predation Assay Protocol", or "squidpops", provides a simple, standard method to quantify the relative intensity of feeding by generalist predators that is comparable across a wide range of sites and conditions. This assay quantifies the rate of consumption, measured as bait loss after 1 hour and after 24 hours.
MarineGEO Predation Assay Protocol
Creators: name: Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network
name: MarineGEO
Publisher: name: Smithsonian Environmental Research Center
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ecology not elsewhere classified
Marine and estuarine ecology (incl. marine ichthyology)

description: "MarineGEO Predation Assay Protocol", or "squidpops", provides a simple, standard method to quantify the relative intensity of feeding by generalist predators that is comparable across a wide range of sites and conditions. This assay quantifies the rate of consumption, measured as bait loss after 1 hour and after 24 hours.
title: Responses of dune plant communities to continental uplift from a major earthquake
title: sudden releases from coastal squeeze
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Rodil, Iván F.
name: Jaramillo, Eduardo
name: Hubbard, David M.
name: Dugan, Jenifer E.
name: Melnick, Daniel
name: Velasquez, Carlos
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Vegetated dunes are recognized as important natural barriers that shelter inland ecosystems and coastlines suffering daily erosive impacts of the sea and extreme events, such as tsunamis. However, societal responses to erosion and shoreline retreat often result in man-made coastal defence structures that cover part of the intertidal and upper shore zones causing coastal squeeze and habitat loss, especially for upper shore biota, such as dune plants. Coseismic uplift of up to 2.0 m on the Peninsula de Arauco (South central Chile, ca. 37.5 degrees S) caused by the 2010 Maule earthquake drastically modified the coastal landscape, including major increases in the width of uplifted beaches and the immediate conversion of mid to low sandy intertidal habitat to supralittoral sandy habitat above the reach of average tides and waves. To investigate the early stage responses in species richness, cover and across-shore distribution of the hitherto absent dune plants, we surveyed two formerly intertidal armoured sites and a nearby intertidal unarmoured site on a sandy beach located on the uplifted coast of Llico (Peninsula de Arauco) over two years. Almost 2 years after the 2010 earthquake, dune plants began to recruit, then rapidly grew and produced dune hummocks in the new upper beach habitats created by uplift at the three sites. Initial vegetation responses were very similar among sites. However, over the course of the study, the emerging vegetated dunes of the armoured sites suffered a slowdown in the development of the spatial distribution process, and remained impoverished in species richness and cover compared to the unarmoured site. Our results suggest that when released from the effects of coastal squeeze, vegetated dunes can recover without restoration actions. However, subsequent human activities and management of newly created beach and dune habitats can significantly alter the trajectory of vegetated dune development. Management that integrates the effects of natural and human induced disturbances, and promotes the development of dune vegetation as natural barriers can provide societal and conservation benefits in coastal ecosystems.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Reihe, 516
title: Challenging the Paris Peace Treaties, State Sovereignty, and Western-Dominated International Law
title: The Multifaceted Genesis of the Jus Cogens Doctrine
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Lange, Felix
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The genesis of the jus cogens doctrine in international law for long has been associated with a turn to a more value-laden international law after the Second World War promoted by British rapporteurs in the International Law Commission. This paper builds on this narrative but adds two seemingly contradictory story lines. In the 1920s and 1930s German-speaking international legal scholars like Alfred Verdross developed the concept as a tool to renounce the disliked Paris Peace Treaties in the context of more and more aggressive German revision policies. Furthermore, after 1945 Soviet thinkers of the Khrushchev era used jus cogens to criticize Western economic and military integration, while newly independent states regarded the concept as a promising vehicle for distancing themselves from traditional Western international legal notions in the era of decolonization. Hence, instead of embracing a progress narrative, a dark sides-account or a contributionist reading of the history of international law, this paper highlights the multifaceted origins of the jus cogens doctrine.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 19
Community Governance In Scholarly Communication
Creators: name: Moore, Samuel A.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: scholarly communication
governance
community

description: A proposed framework for governance in the context of scholarly communication and open research infrastructures.
description: This work was funded by Arcadia, a charitable fund of Lisbet Rausing and Peter Baldwin. Additional information about how our work is funded can be found here: https://investinopen.org/about/how-were-funded/
title: Full-field measurements for the mechanics of micrometer-sized structures
title: Mesures de champs pour la mécanique des objets micrométriques
Creators: name: Amiot, Fabien
Publisher: name: FEMTO-ST Institute
Year: 2015

description: As micromachined commercial products with mechanical features today exploit only the integration capabilities microfabrication technologies allow (for mass-production of reliable products), there is room for innovative products making the most of micrometer-sized objects, which are very specific from the mechanical point of view for two reasons:1) Their surface/volume ratio is much larger than for the objects mechanical engineers are used to deal with. The consequence is that strong surface couplings have been evidenced, translating changes in the (electro-) chemical environment into mechanical deformation. 2) the geometric margins (compared to the dimensions) and the material homogeneity resulting from the usual processing techniques are very poor. As a consequence, studying the mechanical behavior of micrometer-sized objects requires to overcome two main barriers: 1)To identify material constitutive laws at the micrometer scale and to quantify the role of the environment on the behavior; 2) To model chemo-mechanical couplings when materials are heterogeneous and structures are poorly defined. Moving forward along these two lines requires the development of a dedicated instrumentation and the use of identification techniques suited both to the available experimental data and to the proposed mechanical descriptions. As a consequence: a) The full-field measurements techniques proposed within the last few years for the mechanical characterization at the micrometer scale are presented, and the various extensions of scanning microdeformation microscopy toward a quantitative local characterization of anisotropic thin-film materials are detailed. b) The various experimental tools developed to measure and control chemo-mechanical surface couplings are first described, and two proposed frameworks for modeling these surface couplings (based on asymptotic analysis and on second-strain gradient elasticity) are detailed.
title: Equilibrium & Fragmentation in the International Rule of Law
title: The Rising Chinese Geolegal Order
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Jorgensen, Malcolm
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: Seeming consensus has formed among legal scholars and practitioners that a rising China seeks changes in rules and institutions of international law. Yet, attendant accounts of how such changes may and already do restructure global legal order remain relatively underdeveloped. An observed rise in the international rule of law during immediate post-Cold War years has now been disrupted by a confluence of regional shifts in geopolitical power and contestation of law’s normative foundations by newly empowered states. In these circumstances, advocates for stability and continuity in variations of the “liberal international order” or “rules-based order” have sought to defend the authority and resilience of universally defined international legal norms against various regional challenges to the boundary between law and politics. Yet, as both global power and universal conceptions of law fragment, so too will the presumed equilibrium between international law’s political and normative foundations. Signs of fragmentation are now conspicuously playing out in East and Southeast Asia, where the relative rise of China is amplified by alternative Chinese conceptions of foundations and purposes of global legal order. This working paper introduces the concept of “geolegal power” to describe the competitive logic of a territorially bounded leading state restructuring interpretation and development of legal rules and institutions, which is emerging more explicitly within regional subsystems. Fragmentation of the international rule of law by a rising Chinese “geolegal order” is demonstrated by contested maritime rules in three key areas: freedom of navigation; third-party and judicial settlement; and, territorial claims under UNCLOS. Evidence that China is carving out an effective subsystem of rules designated as “law” in the most consequential of security and geopolitical domains poses a critical challenge to the structure of a unified and universal system of international law. Legal scholars and practitioners must better grasp reconfiguring foundations of international law in order to address rising orders of “geolegal power”, in which the regional meaning and operation of law is no longer reconcilable within the terms of an “international” rule of law.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 21
The double scaling limit of random tensor models
Creators: name: Bonzom, Valentin
name: Gurau, Razvan
name: Ryan, James P.
name: Tanasa, Adrian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Tensor models generalize matrix models and generate colored triangulations of pseudo-manifolds in dimensions $D\geq 3$. The free energies of some models have been recently shown to admit a double scaling limit, i.e. large tensor size $N$ while tuning to criticality, which turns out to be summable in dimension less than six. This double scaling limit is here extended to arbitrary models. This is done by means of the Schwinger--Dyson equations, which generalize the loop equations of random matrix models, coupled to a double scale analysis of the cumulants.
description: 37 pages, 13 figures; several references were added. A new subsection was added to first present all the results (before the technical proofs which will follow). A misprint was corrected
title: Authority in International Law
Creators: name: Berman, Franklin
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: The author discusses the question of authority when determining the content of an international legal rule. Taking Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute as a point of departure, he determines through meticolous analysis what ranks as judicial decisions as well as teachings within the meaning of the norm. The author then proceeds to a number of factors to determine authoritativeness: objectivity, knowledgeability, depth of analysis, and the presence or otherwise of reasoning and, in particular, the persuasiveness of an opinion. In the case of judicial pronouncements, the author points out that the paradox between Article 59 and Article 38(1)(d) of the ICJ Statute is only an apparent one. While judgments of the Court are binding only between the parties, it is merely the underlying reasoning that can be taken into account in the context of Article 38(1)(d) if considered persuasive. Without central authority, authoritativenes in international law must always be earned which is also the reason for the lack of an hierarchical order between as well as within judicial pronouncements and learned writings though the former are usually more likely to fulfil the criteria of authoritativeness. In both cases, however, previously acquired reputation of a court or even an individual judge as well as of a learned writer can create a presumption of authoritativeness. On a more general level, the author concludes with a call for a more careful differentiation between the determination of law and its application. Putting the issue discussed into perspective, the author argues that situations of law determination arise, contrary to common understanding, in fact far less often than situations of law application.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 22
Deformation Patterns and Surface Morphology in a Minimal Model of Amorphous Plasticity
Creators: name: Sandfeld, Stefan
name: Zaiser, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate a minimal model of the plastic deformation of amorphous materials. The material elements are assumed to exhibit ideally plastic behavior (J2 plasticity). Structural disorder is considered in terms of random variations of the local yield stresses. Using a finite element implementation of this simple model, we simulate the plane-strain deformation of long thin rods loaded in tension. The resulting strain patterns are statistically characterized in terms of their spatial correlation functions. Studies of the corresponding surface morphology reveal a non-trivial Hurst exponent of approx. 0.8, indicating the presence of long range correlations in the deformation patterns. The simulated deformation patterns and surface morphology exhibit persistent features which emerge already at the very onset of plastic deformation, while subsequent evolution is characterized by growth in amplitude without major morphology changes. The findings are compared to experimental observations.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
title: Dates fumigation with phosphine
Creators: name: Kostyukovsky, Moshe
name: Rapaport, Aviv
name: Quinn, Elazar
Publisher: name: Julius Kühn-Institut
Year: 2018

description: Stored dates are usually infested by sap beetles and moths. For years, the common practice for dates disinfestation was fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). After MB phase-out, heat treatment and modified atmosphere are used. However, there are several limitations of these methods. In search for alternatives for dates disinfestation, fumigation by phosphine was evaluated.
Commercial fumigations of Medjool dates variety using phosphine were conducted in a standard 20 ft. shipping container. Two formulations of phosphine were used: Magtoxin® Plates 56% (Detia Freyberg GmbH, Germany), and Phostoxin® Tablets 56% (Detia Freyberg GmbH, Germany). The phosphine dosage range was 1-4 g/m3. The exposure time range was 24-72 hrs. Several fumigations were carried out by an innovative phosphine generator model OMT 501 developed by Universal Probes. Most fumigations carried out demonstrated total dates disinfestation. The application of Magtoxin plates, especially using the OMT 501 demonstrates significant advantages versus Phostoxin tablets; the advantages were in quicker gas development, and achieving much higher maximum and pre-ventilation phosphine concentration levels. Upon fumigation using the OMT 501, plates are easily collected and disposed, no residual dust left on the dates, which avoided their contamination. No phosphine residues were found in the fumigated dates, neither changes in organoleptic properties were noted. Phosphine fumigation using the phosphine generator model OMT 501 provides safer, quicker, more efficient dates disinfestation.
description: Julius-Kühn-Archiv, Nr. 463, Vol. 2 (2018): Proceedings of the 12th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection (IWCSPP) in Berlin, Germany, October 7-11, 2018
Bandgaps and directional propagation of elastic waves in two-dimensional square zigzag lattice structures
Creators: name: Wang, Yan-Feng
name: Wang, Yue-Sheng
name: Zhang, Chuanzeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we propose some kinds of two-dimensional square zigzag lattice structures and study their bandgaps and directional propagation of elastic waves. The band structures and the transmission spectra of the systems are calculated by using the finite element method. The effects of the geometry parameters of the 2d-zigzag lattices on the bandgaps are investigated and discussed. The mechanism of the bandgap generation is analyzed by studying the vibration modes at the bandgap edges. Multiple wide complete bandgaps are found in a wide porosity range owing to the separation of the degeneracy by introducing bending arms. The bandgaps are sensitive to the geometry parameters of the systems. The deformed displacement fields of the transient response of finite structures subjected to harmonic loads are presented to show the directional wave propagation. The research work in this paper is relevant to the practical design of cellular structures with enhanced vibro-acoustics performance.
description: 39 pages, 20 figures
title: The Peace and Security Council of the African Union
title: Rise or Decline of Collective Security in Africa?
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kahombo, Balingene
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: This paper assesses, both quantitatively and qualitatively, the work of the Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the African Union (AU) with respect to peace support operations. It seeks to know whether the establishment of the PSC in 2002 is leading or has led to a rise or a decline of collective security in Africa. It is demonstrated that in regard to its relative legal and institutional robustness, the PSC can be perceived as a rise of collective security compared with its predecessor, the Central Organ of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). However, it stagnates in terms of quantity and quality of actions on the ground. The main problem lies in the lack of sufficient operational autonomy from member states and international partners, such as the United Nations. Therefore, the PSC’s contribution to the maintenance of peace and security, and so the rise of the international rule of law in Africa is limited. The continent is still a war-torn region, affected by political crises and the expansion of terrorism in many countries. To solve this problem, AU member states should strengthen the PSC’s capacity, starting with the quick operationalisation of the African Standby Force. The implementation of the 2016 decision on alternative sources of financing AU’s institutions and activities is also a priority. In this regard, the political will of African states that may show that they want to take their organisation more seriously is required. This can further the AU self-reliance policy in collective security though the promotion of African solutions to African problems, and reduce the burden of the United Nations and other non-African actors’ interventions in the continent.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 23
Reanalysis of the $Y(3940)$, $Y(4140)$, $Z_c(4020)$, $Z_c(4025)$ and $Z_b(10650)$ as molecular states with QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi-Gang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we calculate the contributions of the vacuum condensates up to dimension-10 in the operator product expansion, and study the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $1^{+-}$, $2^{++}$ $D^*\bar{D}^*$, $D_s^*\bar{D}_s^*$, $B^*\bar{B}^*$, $B_s^*\bar{B}_s^*$ molecular states with the QCD sum rules. In calculations, we use the formula $μ=\sqrt{M^2_{X/Y/Z}-(2{\mathbb{M}}_Q)^2}$ to determine the energy scales of the QCD spectral densities. The numerical results favor assigning the $Z_c(4020)$ and $Z_c(4025)$ as the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$, $1^{+-}$ or $2^{++}$ $D^*\bar{D}^*$ molecular states, the $Y(4140)$ as the $J^{PC}=0^{++}$ $D^*_s{D}_s^*$ molecular state, the $Z_b(10650)$ as the $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$ $B^*\bar{B}^*$ molecular state, and disfavor assigning the $Y(3940)$ as the ($J^{PC}=0^{++}$) molecular state. The present predictions can be confronted to the experimental data in the futures.
description: 24 pages, 26 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1312.1537, arXiv:1312.7489, arXiv:1311.1046, arXiv:1312.2652
Supplementary Information from Coexistence times in Moran process with environmental heterogeneity
Creators: name: Svoboda, Jakub
name: Tkadlec, Josef
name: Kaveh, Kamran
name: Chatterjee, Krishnendu
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Biology
subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Contains formal mathematical proofs of the theorems stated in the main text.
EMD – Eye Movement Desensitization
Creators: name: Schrausser, Dietmar
name: Draxler, Judith
name: Plechinger, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: To investigate the (putative) affect-reducing effect of the clinical method lateral eye movement (EMD) in the normal range an experiment was conducted, assuming that arousal reduction and mood elevation compared to other types of distractions are significant. Possible placebo and experimenter effects are discussed. An emotionally colored arousal was generated, followed by lateral eye movement and two variants of distraction. Before and after the treatment, arousal and subjectively experienced mood of subjects was measured. The implementation was camouflaged to rule out any placebo effects. Results suggest an effect in arousal reduction compared to distraction in general and to a specific distraction condition in particular. There were no effects on the subjectively perceived mood. To which extent the method could be confirmed was discussed.
title: Matters of Interpretation
title: How to Conceptualize and Evaluate Change of Norms and Values in the International Legal Order
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Kleinlein, Thomas
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2019

description: This article analyses, from a methodological and theoretical perspective, how international legal method deals with change. Section 2 sets the stage, develops a legal perspective on change of norms and values in the international legal order and distinguishes between structural change and norm change. This is followed in sections 3 and 4 by an examination of doctrinal categories that provide techniques to process change in international legal practice. International legal method is equipped with several techniques to process—and to conceptualize and evaluate—change: ‘Formal’ norm change is a matter of the doctrine of sources. International law can also change ‘informally’ through the shifting meaning of norm texts. Both formal and informal change is a matter of interpretation. Therefore, section 5 aims at theorizing interpretive change. It examines the relationship between the sources of law and legal interpretation as categories of change and analyses theoretical perceptions of interpretive change.
description: KFG Working Paper Series, 24
Robust Two-Qubit Gates for Exchange-Coupled Qubits
Creators: name: Setiawan, F.
name: Hui, Hoi-Yin
name: Kestner, J. P.
name: Wang, Xin
name: Sarma, S. Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present composite pulse sequences that perform fault-tolerant two-qubit gate operations on exchange-only quantum dot spin qubits in various experimentally relevant geometries. We show how to perform dynamically corrected two-qubit gates in exchange-only systems with the leading hyperfine error term cancelled. These pulse sequences are constructed to conform to the realistic experimental constraint of strictly non-negative couplings. We establish that our proposed pulse sequences lead to several orders of magnitude improvement in the gate fidelity compared with their uncorrected counterparts. Together with single-qubit dynamically corrected gates, our results enable noise-resistant universal quantum operations with exchange-only qubits.
description: 10 pages, 11 figures (revised version)