cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bronchoepithelial Expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 Does Not Facilitate Transepithelial Migration of Neutrophils
Creators: name: Schulz, Christian
name: Stoelcker, Benjamin
name: Ruhland, Brigitte
name: Jentsch, Nico
name: Steege, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Airway inflammation, Chemokine receptors, hronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Epithelial cells, Inflammation, Neutrophils, Transepithelial migration
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Neutrophilic airway inflammation is one of the key features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The chemokine receptors 1 (CXCR1) and 2 (CXCR2) are expressed in the bronchial mucosa during chronic inflammation and might be of importance for transepithelial migration of neutrophils. Objectives: This study addressed the role of bronchoepithelial CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression with respect to transepithelial migration of neutrophils. Methods: Primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) derived from COPD patients and healthy controls as well as transiently CXCR1- and CXCR2-transfected Calu-6 cells were used for transepithelial migration assays of neutrophils under various conditions. Epithelial CXCR1 and CXCR2 expression was verified by means of flow cytometry. Results: Transepithelial migration of neutrophils was significantly increased following lipopolysaccharide pretreatment of epithelial cells. Transient transfection of CXCR1 and CXCR2 neither augmented the transepithelial migration of neutrophils, nor did the selective blockade of CXCR1 and CXCR2 have any significant effect on neutrophilic transepithelial migration. In addition, no differences were found in PBECs and neutrophils derived from healthy controls and COPD patients. Conclusions: The data of the present study do not support the hypothesis that bronchoepithelial expression of CXCR1 and/or CXCR2 facilitate transepithelial migration of neutrophils.
description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
P53 Codon 72 (Arg72Pro) Polymorphism and Prostate Cancer Risk: Association between Disease Onset and Proline Genotype
Creators: name: Rogler, Anja
name: Rogenhofer, M.
name: Borchardt, Albert
name: Lunz, Jens-Claudio
name: Knoell, Antje
name: Hofstädter, Ferdinand
name: Tannapfel, Andrea
name: Wieland, Wolf
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: p53, Prostate cancer, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Restriction fragment length polymorphism
subject: 610 Medizin

description: The tumor suppressor gene p53 plays an important role in the stress response of the cell and is mutated in 50% of all human tumors. The p53 Arg72Pro single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was found to be associated with an increased risk of various malignancies. Biochemical and biological differences between the 2 polymorphic variants of wild-type P53 might lead to distinct susceptibility to HPV- and non-HPV-induced tumors. For prostate cancer, only limited data are available, especially in the Caucasian pop-ulation. Therefore, we determined the distribution of the Arg72Pro SNP in a Caucasian case-control study including 118 prostate cancer patients and 194 male controls without any malignancy using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. A subset of 33 tumors was tested for HPV infection, and no HPV DNA was found. Cases and controls showed similar distributions of alleles in the SNP (p = 0.720). Regarding the onset of the disease, patients diagnosed at ≤60 years of age and older patients (>60 years of age) showed a significant difference in genotype distribution (p = 0.035); there was also an increased occurrence of risk allele Pro72 in cases aged ≤60 years (p = 0.045). A subset of 64 prostate tumors was stained immunohistochemically for P53. 5 of 64 prostate tumors (7.8%) were positive for P53 expression, indicating integrity of the protein in the majority of cases. Genotype distribution showed no association with the Gleason score or additional histopathological characteristics. This study shows that the overall risk of prostate cancer was not associated with Arg72Pro SNP and HPV infection in our cohort. However, disease onset might be modulated by the p53 Pro72 allele, suggesting an important role of apoptosis regulation in prostate carcinogenesis.
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Escape of cosmic-ray electrons from supernova remnants
Creators: name: Ohira, Yutaka
name: Yamazaki, Ryo
name: Kawanaka, Norita
name: Ioka, Kunihito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate escape of cosmic ray (CR) electrons from a supernova remnant (SNR) to interstellar space. We show that CR electrons escape in order from high energies to low energies like CR nuclei, while the escape starts later than the beginning of the Sedov phase at an SNR age of 10^3 - 7*10^3 yrs and the maximum energy of runaway CR electrons is below the knee about 0.3 - 50 TeV because unlike CR nuclei, CR electrons lose their energy due to synchrotron radiation. Highest energy CR electrons will be directly probed by AMS-02, CALET, CTA and LHAASO experiments, or have been already detected by H.E.S.S. and MAGIC as a cutoff in the CR electron spectrum. Furthermore, we also calculate the spatial distribution of runaway CR electrons and their radiation spectra around SNRs. Contrary to common belief, maximum-energy photons of synchrotron radiation around 1 keV are emitted by runaway CR electrons which have been caught up by the shock. Inverse Compton scattering by runaway CR electrons can dominate the gamma-ray emission from runaway CR nuclei via pion decay, and both are detectable by CTA and LHAASO as clues to the CR origin and the amplification of magnetic fluctuations around the SNR. We also discuss middle-aged and/or old SNRs as unidentified very-high-energy gamma-ray sources.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures and 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
6 Tips minimal dalam menyiapkan lahirnya jurnal baru
Creators: name: , Faizal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: ojs, tips penyiapan jurnal baru, cara membuat jurnal ilmiah online, jurnal online, jurnal, akreditasi jurnal. doaj, wos, scopus

description: 6 Tips minimal dalam menyiapkan lahirnya jurnal baru 1. Penentuan fokus and scope jurnal 2. Call for national & international authors 3 call for editor and reviewers 4. Kesiapan team IT dan ojs 5. Siapa petugas harian, the journal manager/ managing editor 6. team editor untuk screening naskah/konten. email: register@uinsalatiga.ac.id https://s.id/registerjournal
Hypertonic Stress Promotes the Upregulation and Phosphorylation of Zonula Occludens 1
Creators: name: Then, Cornelia
name: Bergler, Tobias
name: Jeblick, Roland
name: Jung, Bettina
name: Krämer, Bernhard K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cell shrinkage, Cytoskeleton, Zonula occludens type 1, Tight junction
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Tight junction molecules form a barrier between adjacent cells and mediate the cells’ ability to develop membranes that constitute boundaries of different compartments within the body. Membranes with selective ion and water passage are important for the electrolyte and water homeostasis in the kidney. Due to their role in the urinary concentration process, renal medullary cells are exposed to hyperosmotic stress. Therefore, we were interested in the question of how mouse inner medullary collecting duct cells (mIMCD3) manage to maintain their cell-cell contacts, despite hypertonicity-induced cell shrinkage. Employing mRNA expression analysis, we found that the zonula occludens type 1 (Zo-1), multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1) and cortactin mRNA levels were upregulated in a tonicity-dependent manner. Using Western blot analysis, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence, we show that the Zo-1 protein is upregulated, phosphorylated and linked to the actin cytoskeleton in response to hypertonic stress. After cell exposure to hypertonicity, rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton resulted in a stronger colocalization of actin fibres with Zo-1. Urea, which generates hyperosmolality, but no transcellular gradient, did not induce changes in Zo-1 protein expression or actin rearrangement. This data indicates that Zo-1 is a response protein to inner medullary tonicity and that extracellular stressors can promote Zo-1 protein expression, tyrosine phosphorylation and cytoskeleton association.
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Chronic Kidney Disease: Novel Insights from Genome-Wide Association Studies
Creators: name: Böger, Carsten A.
name: Heid, Iris M.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Diabetic nephropathy, Membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy, Albuminuria, Glomerular filtration rate, Progression of chronic kidney disease, Kidney function decline, Genome-wide association study, Chronic kidney disease, End-stage renal disease
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, affecting about 10% of the general population, and causing significant morbidity and mortality. Apart from the risk conferred by traditional cardiovascular risk factors, there is a strong genetic component. The method of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) is a powerful hypothesis-free approach to unravel this component by association analyses of CKD with several million genetic variants distributed across the genome. Since the publication of the first GWAS in 2005, this method has led to the discovery of novel loci for numerous human common diseases and phenotypes. Here, we review the recent successes of meta-analyses of GWAS on renal phenotypes. UMOD, SHROOM3, STC1, LASS2, GCKR, ALMS1, TFDP2, DAB2, SLC34A1, VEGFA, PRKAG2, PIP5K1B, ATXN2/SH2B3, DACH1, UBE2Q2, and SLC7A9 were uncovered as loci associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and CKD, and CUBN as a locus for albuminuria in cross-sectional data of general population studies. However, less than 1.5% of the total variance of eGFR and albuminuria is explained by the identified variants, and the relative risk for CKD is modified by at most 20% per locus. In African Americans, much of the risk for end-stage nondiabetic kidney disease is explained by common variants in the MYH9/APOL1 locus, and in individuals of European descent, variants in HLA-DQA1 and PLA2R1 implicate most of the risk for idiopathic membranous nephropathy. In contrast, genetic findings in the analysis of diabetic nephropathy are inconsistent. Uncovering variants explaining more of the genetically determined variability of kidney function is hampered by the multifactorial nature of CKD and different mechanisms involved in progressive CKD stages, and by the challenges in elucidating the role of low-frequency variants. Meta-analyses with larger sample sizes and analyses of longitudinal renal phenotypes using higher-resolution genotyping data are required to uncover novel loci associated with severe renal phenotypes.
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From Cycle Rooted Spanning Forests to the Critical Ising Model: an Explicit Construction
Creators: name: de Tilière, Béatrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B20, 82B27, 05A19

description: Fisher established an explicit correspondence between the 2-dimensional Ising model defined on a graph $G$ and the dimer model defined on a decorated version $\GD$ of this graph \cite{Fisher}. In this paper we explicitly relate the dimer model associated to the critical Ising model and critical cycle rooted spanning forests (CRSFs). This relation is established through characteristic polynomials, whose definition only depends on the respective fundamental domains, and which encode the combinatorics of the model. We first show a matrix-tree type theorem establishing that the dimer characteristic polynomial counts CRSFs of the decorated fundamental domain $\GD_1$. Our main result consists in explicitly constructing CRSFs of $\GD_1$ counted by the dimer characteristic polynomial, from CRSFs of $G_1$ where edges are assigned Kenyon's critical weight function \cite{Kenyon3}; thus proving a relation on the level of configurations between two well known 2-dimensional critical models.
description: 51 pages, 24 figures. To appear, Comm. Math. Phys. Revised version: title has changed. The terminology `correspondence' has been changed to that of `explicit construction' and `mapping'
First-in-Class Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase p38α: MAPK-Activated Protein Kinase-2 (MK2) Dual Signal Modulator with Anti-inflammatory and Endothelial-stabilizing Properties.
Creators: name: Murphy, William A
name: Lewis, Daniel
name: Shapiro, Paul
name: Tulapurkar, Mohan E
name: Cericola, Daniel
name: McClean, Nathaniel
name: MacKerell, Alexander D
name: Hasday, Jeffrey D
name: Lal, Ritu
name: Shirey, Kari Ann
name: Luo, Wendy
name: Galan, Adam
name: Fletcher, Steven
name: Thangaraju, Kiruphagaran
name: Vogel, Stefanie N
name: Mahmoud, Omar
name: Lugkey, Katerina N
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2024

description: We previously identified a small molecule, UM101, predicted to bind to the substrate-binding groove of p38aMitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) near the binding site of its proinflammatory substrate, MAPK-activated protein kinase (MK2). UM101 exhibited anti-inflammatory, endothelial-stabilizing, and lung-protective effects. To overcome its limited aqueous solubility and p38a binding affinity, we designed an analog of UM101, GEn-1124, with improved aqueous solubility, stability, and p38a binding affinity. Compared with UM101, GEn-1124 has 18-fold greater p38a-binding affinity as measured by Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), 11-fold greater aqueous solubility, enhanced barrier-stabilizing activity in thrombin-stimulated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (hPAEC) in vitro, and greater lung protection in vivo GEn-1124 improved survival from 10% to 40% in murine acute lung injury (ALI) induced by combined exposure to intratracheal bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation and febrile-range hyperthermia (FRH) and from 0% to 50% in a mouse influenza pneumonia model. Gene expression analysis by RNASeq in TNFa-treated hPAEC showed that the gene-modifying effects of GEn-1124 were much more restricted to TNFa-inducible genes than the catalytic site p38 inhibitor, SB203580. Gene expression pathway analysis, confocal immunofluorescence analysis of p38aand MK2 subcellular trafficking, and SPR analysis of phosphorylated p38a:MK2 binding affinity supports a novel mechanism of action. GEn-1124 destabilizes the activated p38a:MK2 complex, dissociates nuclear export of MK2 and p38a, thereby promoting intranuclear retention and enhanced intranuclear signaling by phosphorylated p38a retention, and accelerated inactivation of p38-free cytosolic MK2 by unopposed phosphatases. Significance Statement We describe an analog of our first-in-class small molecule modulator of p38a/MK2 signaling targeted to a pocket near the ED substrate binding domain of p38a, which destabilizes the p38a:MK2 complex without blocking p38 catalytic activity or ablating downstream signaling. The result is a rebalancing of downstream pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling, yielding anti-inflammatory, endothelial-stabilizing, and lung-protective effects with therapeutic potential in ARDS.
Magnetically assisted vorticity production in decaying acoustic turbulence
Creators: name: Brandenburg, Axel
name: Scannapieco, Evan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study vorticity production in isothermal, subsonic, acoustic (nonvortical), and decaying turbulence due to the presence of magnetic fields. Using three-dimensional numerical simulations, we find that the resulting kinetic energy cascade follows the ordinary Kolmogorov phenomenology involving a constant spectral energy flux. The nondimensional prefactor for acoustic turbulence is larger than the standard Kolmogorov constant due to the inefficient dissipation of kinetic energy. We also find that the Lorentz force can drive vortical motions even when the initial field is uniform, by converting a fraction of the acoustic energy into vortical energy. This conversion is shown to be quadratic in the magnetic field strength and linear in the acoustic flow speed. By contrast, the direct production of vortical motions by a non-force-free magnetic field is linear in the field strength. Our results suggest that magnetic fields play a crucial role in vorticity production in cosmological flows, particularly in scenarios where significant acoustic turbulence is prevalent. We also discuss the implications of our findings for the early Universe, where magnetic fields may convert acoustic turbulence generated during cosmological phase transitions into vortical turbulence.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures, 1 table, published
Clinical Feature and Bowel Ultrasound in Crohn’s Disease – Does Additional Information from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Affect Therapeutic Approach and When Does Extended Diagnostic Investigation Make Sense?
Creators: name: Ott, Claudia
name: Girlich, Christiane
name: Strauch, Ulrike
name: Schacherer, Doris
name: Obermeier, Florian
name: Jung, Ernst Michael
name: Schölmerich, Jürgen
name: Schreyer, Andreas Georg
name: Klebl, Frank
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crohn’s disease, MR enterography, Ultrasound, Therapeutic approach
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background/Aims: Some suggest MRI to be superior to ultrasound in Crohn’s disease. We analyzed how often MR enterography (MRE) following a routine ultrasound leads to a change in therapeutic decision. Material and Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 47 patients with Crohn’s disease undergoing routine ultrasound examination. Actual medical history, complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), and sonographic findings were assessed independently by two specialists who retrospectively provided a therapeutic proposal. Additionally, all patients received MRE. Thereafter, the specialists had to provide a new therapeutic concept regarding all the available information. Results: Evaluation of the rectum was not successful by ultrasound, but MRE gave good results. Only 1 of 7 abscesses was identified sonographically. Three of the abscesses missed at sonography were localized in the perirectal/perianal region. MRE detected more inflamed bowel segments, but ultrasound assessment of anatomically fixed bowel parts showed good recognition by MRE. With increasing CRP values, we found more positive results of ultrasound and MRE. Therapeutic change was suggested in only 18 patients. Conclusions: Ultrasound should be performed by an experienced examiner, and a proctological examination should be added. MRE is justified in cases of discrepancy between clinical findings and the results of diagnostic ultrasound and, moreover, if Crohn’s lesions are suspected at sites proximal to the terminal or neoterminal ileum.
description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
Positive feedback and temperature mediated molecular switch controls differential gene regulation in Bordetella pertussis
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Arnab
name: Banik, Suman K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on the phosphorelay kinetics operative within BvgAS two component system we propose a mathematical framework for signal transduction and gene regulation of phenotypic phases in Bordetella pertussis. The proposed model identifies a novel mechanism of transcriptional interference between two promoters present in the bvg locus. To understand the system behavior under elevated temperature, the developed model has been studied in two different ways. First, a quasi-steady state analysis has been carried out for the two component system, comprising of sensor BvgS and response regulator BvgA. The quasi-steady state analysis reveals temperature induced sharp molecular switch, leading to amplification in the output of BvgA. Accumulation of a large pool of BvgA thus results into differential regulation of the downstream genes, including the gene encoding toxin. Numerical integration of the full network kinetics is then carried out to explore time dependent behavior of different system components, that qualitatively capture the essential features of experimental results performed in vivo. Furthermore, the developed model has been utilized to study mutants that are impaired in their ability to phosphorylate the transcription factor, BvgA, of the signaling network.
description: Final version, 15 pages, 11 figures, 2 tables
The Impact of 10% α-Hydroxy Acid Emulsion on Skin pH
Creators: name: Schreml, Stephan
name: Meier, Robert Johannes
name: Albert, M. G.
name: Seidl, U.
name: Zeller, V.
name: Behm, B.
name: Landthaler, Michael
name: Abels, C.
name: Babilas, Philipp
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fruit acid, α-Hydroxy acid, Topical application, Cutaneous application
subject: 540 Chemie
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background/Aims: The effects of a 10% α-hydroxy acid (AHA) oil/water (O/W) emulsion on the pH of human skin surface (pHss) and stratum corneum (SC; pHsc) were evaluated in vivo. Methods: The AHA O/W emulsion was applied to an area on the volar forearm of male volunteers (n = 12), and then wiped off after 10 min. Prior to application and over the following 3 h, the pHss was measured. We used glass electrode measurements and time domain dual lifetime referencing (tdDLR) with luminescent sensor foils. In another experiment (n = 5), the impact of the AHA O/W emulsion on the pHsc gradient was measured by tape stripping of the SC of the volar forearm after application of the AHA O/W emulsion. Results: Compared with pHss values prior to treatment [5.2 ± 1.7 (tdDLR) or 4.8 ± 0.5 (electrode)], the pHss was significantly reduced 10 min after application [4.0 ± 0.3 (tdDLR) or 4.1 ± 0.1 (electrode)] and the pHss remained significantly reduced over the measurement period of 3 h [after 3 h: 4.4 ± 0.2 (tdDLR) or 4.5 ± 0.3 (electrode)]. The AHA O/W emulsion significantly reduced the pHsc even down to deep layers of the SC. Conclusion: After a 10-min application time, the 10% AHA O/W emulsion reduces the pHss (for at least 3 h) and pHsc in deep layers of the SC.
description: OA-Komponente aus Allianzlizenz
Reasons to Become a Medical Billing & Coding Specialist
Creators: name: Admin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medical Billing Specialist
Medical Coding Specialist

description: In case you have any opinion or assumption (Must have prepared beforehand), then do share it on the comment below because of the fact – This will help the users as well as readers to understand what is significantly the subject matter is all about.
MIP-3α Expression in Macrophages Is NOD Dependent
Creators: name: Hausmann, Martin
name: Zeitler, C.
name: Weber, A.
name: Krebs, M.
name: Kellermeier, S.
name: Rosenstiel, P.
name: de Vallière, C.
name: Kosovac, K.
name: Fried, M.
name: Holler, Ernst
name: Rogler, G.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Monocytes/macrophages, NOD2/CARD15, MIP-3α expression, Inflammatory bowel disease
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: The first identified susceptibility gene for Crohn’s disease, NOD2, acts as a sensor for the bacterial-wall peptidoglycan fragment muramyl dipeptide (MDP) and activates the transcription factor nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-ĸB). Upon NF-ĸB activation, intestinal macrophages (IMACs) induce expression of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-3α to attract memory T lymphocytes. We therefore investigated the influence of NOD2 ligation of IMAC differentiation and functional MIP-3α induction. Methods: Human embryonal kidney HEK293 cells were transfected with NOD2 wild-type (NOD2WT) and the NOD2 SNP13 variant (NOD2L1007fsinsC) and stimulated with MDP. Recruitment of CD45R0+ and Th17 cells was determined by immunohistochemistry. Results: Endogenous NOD2 stimulation was followed by a dose-dependent increase in MIP-3α secretion in MONO-MAC-6 (MM6) cells. MIP-3α mRNA was also significantly (* p < 0.05) induced in HEK293 transfected with NOD2WT via MDP ligation. In vivo cell-cell contacts between IMACs and CD45R0+ memory T cells as well as recruitment of Th17 cells in patients of NOD2 variants were unchanged as compared to wild-type patients. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate a dose-dependent increase in MIP-3α secretion in the human myeloid cell line MM6 upon MDP. However, MIP-3α-driven recruitment of Th17 cells or CD45R0+ memory T lymphocytes is not affected in patients carrying heterozygous NOD2 variants.
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Obesity and Fatty Liver Are 'Grease' for the Machinery of Hepatic Fibrosis
Creators: name: Bosserhoff, Anja K.
name: Hellerbrand, Claus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Hepatic fibrosis, Hepatic steatosis, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, Metabolic syndrome
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) starts with hepatic steatosis, which can progress with inflammation to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and a subset of patients develop progressive fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis. In the majority of cases, NAFLD is associated with (components of) the metabolic syndrome. Obesity, diabetes and hepatic steatosis are also independent risk factors for hepatic fibrosis in different chronic liver diseases. However, the question is whether it is actually nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and not ‘simple’ steatosis that promotes fibrosis progression based on hepatocellular injury. In this review, the concept will be put forward that (1) hepatic steatosis per se is profibrogenic, and (2) that in NAFLD development and progression of hepatic fibrosis is not simply determined by (the degree of) hepatic inflammation. In addition to the liver, this view is expanded to other organs affected by the metabolic syndrome, which affects hepatic injury and fibrosis also via extrahepatic pathophysiological alterations. In conclusion, fatty liver and the metabolic syndrome, respectively, have to be recognized as significant lubricants of hepatic fibrosis, and simple hepatic steatosis cannot be considered as benign.
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Mismatch Repair Proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 Are Differently Expressed in the Three Main Subtypes of Sporadic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Creators: name: Stoehr, Christine
name: Burger, Maximilian
name: Stoehr, Robert
name: Bertz, Simone
name: Ruemmele, Petra
name: Hofstädter, Ferdinand
name: Denzinger, Stefan
name: Wieland, Wolf Ferdinand
name: Hartmann, Arndt
name: Walter, Bernhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: hMLH1, hMSH2, Microsatellite genetic instability, Renal cell cancer subtype, Microsatellite instability, Mismatch repair protein deficiency
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Objectives: We studied the role of minor mismatch repair proteins (MMR) human MutL homologue 1 (hMLH1) and human MutS homologue 2 (hMSH2) in the main subtypes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Expression of MMR proteins hMLH1 and hMSH2 were investigated in 166 RCC tumors, containing the main subtypes by immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, each tumor was screened for microsatellite instability (MSI) using the National Cancer Institute consensus panel for hereditary non-polyposis colon carcinoma as well as for elevated microsatellite alterations at selected tetranucleotide repeats (EMAST) by 10 additional markers. Results: MSI was found only in 2.0% of analyzable cases and EMAST was detected only in 1 patient. hMLH1 and hMSH2 expression was reduced in 83.7 (118/141) and 51.2% (65/127) of cases, respectively, in a subtype-specific manner. None of the clear cell RCC tumors retained a high hMLH1 expression and 92.0% lost hMLH1 completely, while papillary and chromophobe RCC preserved the expression in 25.0 and 33.3% of cases (p < 0.001). Subtype specificity was also present in hMSH2 staining, where chromophobe RCC retained a high expression in 41.7% of cases, while clear cell and papillary tumors did not (29.9 and 23.1%; p = 0.01). Conclusion: MSI and EMAST are rare events in sporadic RCC, whereas diminished MMR protein expression is linked to tumor entity and might contribute to the different biological behavior of the RCC subtypes.
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The Study of the Silicon Detector Response for p-Carbon Polarization Measurements at RHIC
Creators: name: Kalinkin, Dmitry
name: Smirnov, Dmitri
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: particle detectors
calibration

description: At the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) measurements of the proton beam polarization are conducted by inserting an ultra thin carbon ribbon in the beam and registering the scattered carbon ions with silicon detectors. The polarization value reported by the proton-carbon polarimeters strongly depends on the correct measurement of the energy deposited in the detectors by the recoil products. In this note we present a study of the response of the silicon detectors to α-particles employed to calibrate the detectors.
Vaportrail : a platform for personal data applications
Creators: name: MacRow, Kalan W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Vaportrail is a privacy-preserving platform for personal data and applications. It allows users to archive their personal data and safely expose it to untrusted third- party applications. As a trusted hub for data sources like email, social updates, location data, and health metrics it enables new types of applications that com- bine several sensitive personal data streams. Through carefully designed isolation mechanisms, the platform prevents applications from exfiltrating data and unbur- dens developers of the fiduciary responsibility associated with handling personal data. Vaportrail provides an open package format and APIs for building service connectors that ingest data from external services, as well as a robust browser- based sandbox that mediates application access to sensitive data.
Traditional and Nontraditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Estimated Risk for Coronary Artery Disease in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience
Creators: name: Banas, Miriam C.
name: Banas, Bernhard
name: Orth, Stephan R.
name: Langer, Veronika
name: Reinhold, Stephan W.
name: Weingart, Christian
name: Jung, Bettina
name: Krüger, Bernd
name: Krämer, Bernhard K.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Hypertension, Smoking, Hyperlipidemia, Diabetes, Risk factor control, Immunosuppression, Kidney transplantation, Statins
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background/Aims: The prevalence of cardiovascular disease in renal transplant recipients is markedly higher than in the general population due to the high prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, renal transplant function impairment and treatment with immunosuppressive drugs that affect blood pressure, cholesterol and blood glucose levels. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis using our renal transplant clinic cohort investigating (1) the cardiovascular risk factors present in this cohort, and (2) estimating their impact on the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) by using the Framingham algorithm. Results: Control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in 231 renal transplant recipients is suboptimal, i.e. 47.2% of patients are hypertensive, 10.3% actively smoke, 39.4% have serum cholesterol concentrations >200 mg/dl, and 19.7% have diabetes mellitus. Blood pressure, age, hyperlipidemia, smoking and diabetes modulate the estimated CAD risk in males and females. Furthermore, a short time period (less than 1 year) since transplantation and increased serum creatinine levels negatively influenced the CAD risk in this patient population. Conclusion: According to current guidelines, the control of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in renal transplant recipients is suboptimal. The decreasing CAD risk over time after transplantation may be due to the reduction of immunosuppressive drugs with time and survival bias.
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The characteristics of thermalization of boost-invariant plasma from holography
Creators: name: Heller, Michal P.
name: Janik, Romuald A.
name: Witaszczyk, Przemyslaw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the approach towards the hydrodynamic regime of boost-invariant N=4 super Yang-Mills plasma at strong coupling starting from various far-from-equilibrium states at tau=0. The results are obtained through numerical solution of Einstein's equations for the dual geometries, as described in detail in the companion article arXiv:1203.0755. Despite the very rich far-from-equilibrium evolution, we find surprising regularities in the form of clear correlations between initial entropy and total produced entropy, as well as between initial entropy and the temperature at thermalization, understood as the transition to a hydrodynamic description. For 29 different initial conditions that we consider, hydrodynamics turns out to be definitely applicable for proper times larger than 0.7 in units of inverse temperature at thermalization. We observe a sizable anisotropy in the energy-momentum tensor at thermalization, which is nevertheless entirely due to hydrodynamic effects. This suggests that effective thermalization in heavy ion collisions may occur significantly earlier than true thermalization.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures; see also the companion article arXiv:1203.0755; v2: figure corrected (fixes problem with Acrobat); v3: various clarifications and additional data points added; v4: typo fixed, published
From Stress to Postpartum Mood and Anxiety Disorders: How Chronic Peripartum Stress Can Impair Maternal Adaptations
Creators: name: Hillerer, Katharina
name: Neumann, Inga D.
name: Slattery, David A.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Oxytocin, Prolactin, HPA axis,Anxiety, Maternal behaviour
subject: 590 Tiere (Zoologie)

description: The peripartum period, in all mammalian species, is characterised by numerous adaptations at neuroendocrine, molecular and behavioural levels that prepare the female for the challenges of motherhood. These changes have been well characterised and, while they are necessary to ensure the survival and nurturance of the offspring, there is growing belief that they are also required for maternal mental health. Thus, while increased calmness and attenuated stress responsivity are common characteristics of the peripartum period, it also represents a time of increased susceptibility to mood disorders. While a number of risk factors for these disorders are known, their underlying aetiology remains poorly understood, due at least in part to a lack of appropriate animal models. One translatable risk factor is stress exposure during the peripartum period. In the following review we first describe common peripartum adaptations and the impact postpartum mood disorders have on these. We then discuss the known consequences of peripartum stress exposure on such maternal adaptations that have been described in basic research.
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Role of the Hepatic Parenchyma in Liver Transplant Tolerance: A Paradigm Revisited
Creators: name: Benseler, Volker
name: Tay, S. S.
name: Bowen, D. G.
name: Bertolino, P.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Liver, Transplantation, Tolerance, T cells, Dendritic cells,
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Unlike other solid organs, liver transplants are spontaneously accepted in a wide range of animal models. In the clinic, transplanted livers also display privileged immunological properties allowing weaning of immunosuppression therapy in up to 20% of selected patients. To explain this phenomenon, many studies have focused on the role of donor-derived ‘passenger’ leukocytes that are thought to induce antigen-specific tolerance by migrating from the graft into recipient secondary lymphoid tissues. Although convincing evidence exists that these cells are able to elicit antiallograft T cell hyporesponsiveness, several studies argue against an exclusive role for this cell population and even question whether it is critical in conferring donor MHC-specific tolerance. Instead, these studies suggest that the hepatic parenchyma plays a more critical role in this phenomenon. In this review we will reinterpret the results of old and more recent literature in light of recent advances in the field of liver immunology to explain the contribution of both passenger leukocytes and liver tissue in the liver tolerance effect.
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Knock-Out of beta-Glucosidase 2 Has No Influence on Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis
Creators: name: Scharl, M.
name: Leucht, K.
name: Frey-Wagner, I.
name: Zeitz, J.
name: Hausmann, M.
name: Fischbeck, A.
name: Liebisch, Gerhard
name: Schmitz, Gerd
name: Rogler, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Apoptosis, Cell regeneration, β-Glucosidase, DSS colitis, Ceramide
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background/Aims: The non-lysosomal glucosylceramidase, β-glucosidase (Gba2), hydrolyzes glucosylceramide to glucose and ceramide (Cer). Cer is a potent second-messenger lipid that plays an important role in signaling cascades involved in apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Gba2 knock-out (Gba2–/–) affects the extent of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods: Acute colitis was induced in wild-type (WT) and Gba2–/– mice by administration of 2% DSS in drinking water. After 7 days, mice underwent colonoscopy and were sacrificed. Results: Both DSS-treated WT (n = 10) and Gba2–/– (n = 12) mice showed elevated histological and endoscopic scores compared to respective H2O controls (n = 9 each). However, no significant differences between the DSS groups were detected. Flow cytometric analysis of propidium iodide staining, cleavage of caspases-3 and -8, indicative for apoptosis, as well as Cer levels were not altered in DSS-treated WT or Gba2–/– mice. Gba2–/– resulted in slightly decreased expression of glucocerebrosidase (Gba1) as well as in upregulation of proteins being involved in cellular regeneration, such as STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription), JNK and iNOS, upon DSS treatment. Conclusion: We demonstrate that Gba2–/– does not affect the extent of DSS-induced inflammation in mice, however, it might be involved in tissue regeneration in response to toxic agents.
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KRAS Mutation in Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Results of a Multicenter Phase II Study Evaluating Efficacy of Cetuximab plus Gemcitabine/Oxaliplatin (GEMOXCET) in First-Line Therapy
Creators: name: Kullmann, Frank
name: Hartmann, A.
name: Stöhr, R.
name: Troppmann, Martina
name: Endlicher, E.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Pancreatic cancer, Chemotherapy, KRAS mutation, Cetuximab, Gemcitabine, Oxaliplatin
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Genetic alterations within the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, including KRAS mutations, have been demonstrated to be associated with response to EGFR inhibitors like cetuximab in colorectal cancers. Mutations in the KRAS gene have been found in 70–90% of pancreatic cancers. Unfortunately, the addition of cetuximab to chemotherapy did not increase response or survival in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer in phase II and phase III studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between KRAS mutations and response or survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer treated with cetuximab plus chemotherapy. Methods: Within a multicenter phase II trial, 64 patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer were treated with cetuximab in combination with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin until disease progression. Analyses of the EGFR pathway, including KRAS mutations, could be performed in 25 patients. Analyses were carried out following microdissection of the tumor. Results: Fourteen (56%) of the 25 patients examined harbored a point mutation in codon 12 of the KRAS gene. No differences between the groups were noted in median progression-free survival (104 days in KRAS wild-type patients vs. 118 days in patients with KRAS mutations). Overall survival was longer in wild-type patients compared to patients with KRAS mutations (263 vs. 162 days), but the difference did not reach statistical significance. A further analysis of our clinical phase II trial showed that the presence of a rash was significantly correlated with overall survival. Conclusions: KRAS mutation in codon 12 may be associated with reduced survival compared to KRAS wild type. The role of KRAS mutations for cetuximab therapy in pancreatic cancer warrants further investigation in larger trials to exclude an epiphenomenon. Furthermore, the development of a rash is indicative of clinical benefit.
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The Extended Fock Basis of Clifford Algebra
Creators: name: Budinich, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of the Extended Fock Basis (EFB) of Clifford algebras introduced in [1]. We show that a Clifford algebra can be seen as a direct sum of multiple spinor subspaces that are characterized as being left eigenvectors of Γ. We also show that a simple spinor, expressed in Fock basis, can have a maximum number of non zero coordinates that equals the size of the maximal totally null plane (with the notable exception of vectorial spaces with 6 dimensions).
description: Minimal corrections to the published version
Geometry of random spaces : geodesics and susceptibility
Creators: name: Kolesnik, Brett Thomas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: This thesis investigates the geometry of random spaces. Geodesics in random surfaces. The Brownian map, developed by Le Gall and Miermont, is a random metric space arising as the scaling limit of random planar maps. Its construction involves Aldous’ continuum random tree, the canonical random real tree, and Brownian motion, an almost surely continuous but nowhere differentiable path. As a result, the Brownian map is a non-differentiable surface with a fractal geometry that is much closer to that of a real tree than a smooth surface. A key feature, observed by Le Gall, is the confluence of geodesics phenomenon, which states that any two geodesics to a typical point coalesce before reaching the point. We show that, in fact, geodesics to anywhere near a typical point pass through a common confluence point. This leads to information about special points that had remained largely mysterious. Our main result is the almost everywhere continuity and uniform stability of the cut locus of the Brownian map. We also classify geodesic networks that are dense and find the Hausdorff dimension of the set of pairs that are joined by each type of network. Susceptibility of random graphs. Given a graph G=(V,E) and an initial set I of active vertices in V, the r-neighbour bootstrap percolation process, attributed to Chalupa, Leath and Reich, is a cellular automaton that evolves by activating vertices with at least r active neighbours. If all vertices in V are activated eventually, we say that I is contagious. A graph with a small contagious set is called susceptible. Bootstrap percolation has been analyzed on several deterministic graphs, such as grids, lattices and trees. More recent work studies the model on random graphs, such as the fundamental Erdős–Rényi graph G(n,p). We identify thresholds for the susceptibility of G(n,p), refining approximations by Feige, Krivelevich and Reichman. Along the way, we obtain large deviation estimates that complement central limit theorems of Janson, Łuczak, Turova and Vallier. We also study graph bootstrap percolation, a variation due to Bollobás. Our main result identifies the sharp threshold for K4-percolation, solving a problem of Balogh, Bollobás and Morris.
Normal completely positive maps on the space of quantum operations
Creators: name: Chiribella, G.
name: Toigo, A.
name: Umanità, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum supermaps are higher-order maps transforming quantum operations into quantum operations. Here we extend the theory of quantum supermaps, originally formulated in the finite dimensional setting, to the case of higher-order maps transforming quantum operations with input in a separable von Neumann algebra and output in the algebra of the bounded operators on a given separable Hilbert space. In this setting we prove two dilation theorems for quantum supermaps that are the analogues of the Stinespring and Radon-Nikodym theorems for quantum operations. Finally, we consider the case of quantum superinstruments, namely measures with values in the set of quantum supermaps, and derive a dilation theorem for them that is analogue to Ozawa's theorem for quantum instruments. The three dilation theorems presented here show that all the supermaps defined in this paper can be implemented by connecting devices in quantum circuits.
description: 47 pages (in one-column format), including new results about quantum operations on separable von Neumann algebras
Cyclosporine A Impairs Norepinephrine-Induced Vascular Contractility
Creators: name: Bergler, Tobias
name: Resch, Markus
name: Reinhold, Stephan W.
name: Birner, Christoph
name: Jungbauer, Carsten G.
name: Griese, Daniel P.
name: Schmid, Peter
name: Banas, Bernhard
name: Endemann, Dierk
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Adrenoreceptors, Cyclosporine, Endothelin, Norepinephrine, Renal transplantation, Resistance arteries
subject: 610 Medizin

description: Usage of cyclosporine A (CsA) after kidney transplantation may be associated with development of nephrotoxicity and vasculopathy, but the mechanisms by which CsA causes vascular dysfunction are still under scrutiny. We established a transplantation model and investigated the effect of CsA on vascular contractility with the aid of a pressurized myograph in comparison with control and unilaterally nephrectomized rats. Results were correlated with mRNA expression studies of α- and β-adrenoreceptors, in mesenteric resistance arteries versus the thoracic aorta. Consequences of everolimus on functional properties as well as adrenoreceptor expression were also studied. CsA significantly downregulated expression of mesenteric adrenoreceptors, whereas no effect on aortic adrenoreceptors was seen. Administration of everolimus had no influence on mRNA adrenoreceptor expression in mesenteric resistance arteries. Furthermore, contractile responses of mesenteric resistance arteries to norepinephrine were markedly reduced after treatment with CsA, while there was no difference in contraction by endothelin. Everolimus did not alter the contractility response at all. In summary, norepinephrine-induced, but not endothelin-induced, contractile responses of mesenteric resistance arteries are blunted in CsA-treated rats. This finding was accompanied by a marked downregulation of adrenoreceptors in mesenteric resistance arteries and was limited to the usage of CsA.
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