cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Preparation and performance of SiO2-nanostructured lipid encapsulating sunscreen
Creators: name: Zhang, Wanping
name: Zhou, Qianhui
name: Zhang, Qianjie
name: Zhu, Haiyang
name: Zhang, Dongmei
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Ultraviolet (UV) absorbents have been used in sunscreen products in the cosmetic industry, showing adverse effects like rising skin irritation and huge toxicological risks. Although nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are regarded as the potential delivery systems for increasing the amount of encapsulated sunscreen agents and playing UV synergistic effect, the overall synergistic ability is insufficient to meet the industrial demand. In the current study, we optimized a new type of sunscreen composite carrier formulation, the SiO2-NLC nanocomposites carrying ethyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) (OMC/SiO2-NLC), describing their features and functional performance. The OMC/SiO2-NLC nanocomposites are emerging sunscreen systems for cosmetic applications, which combine the advantages of both SiO2 and NLCs. The OMC/SiO2-NLC products, as compared to the ordinary cosmetic emulsion, were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope, and UV spectrophotometer. In addition, the nanocomposites were also tested for safety and functional properties. The results showed that the OMC/SiO2-NLC particles could effectively encapsulate the sunscreen, in which the encapsulation efficiency reached 76%. The UV absorbance value of the OMC/SiO2-NLC composite carrier containing the same amount of OMC was significantly increased compared with OMC/NLC. The composite carrier's sun protection factor (SPF) increased 56.7%. Photostability of the OMC/SiO2-NLC particles maintained stability for more than 10 hours under UV radiations. The SiO2-based nanocomposites showed better biocompatibility and UV synergistic performance. Therefore, the optimized composite carrier was a suitable nanocomposite for cosmetic applications.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0204r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire
subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0204r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome I, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 185 (11 H 70), f. 0204r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Additional file 2: Table S2. of Dietary fats promote functional and structural changes in the median eminence blood/spinal fluid interface—the protective role for BDNF
Creators: name: Ramalho, Albina
name: Bombassaro, Bruna
name: Dragano, Nathalia
name: Solon, Carina
name: Joseane Morari
name: Fioravante, Milena
name: Barbizan, Roberta
name: Velloso, Licio
name: Araujo, Eliana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Quantification of immunofluorescence of Fig. 5. (PDF 59 kb)
Effects of dynamic-demand-control appliances on the power grid frequency
Creators: name: Tchuisseu, E. B. Tchawou
name: Gomila, D.
name: Brunner, D.
name: Colet, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Power grid frequency control is a demanding task requiring expensive idle power plants to adapt the supply to the fluctuating demand. An alternative approach is controlling the demand side in such a way that certain appliances modify their operation to adapt to the power availability. This is specially important to achieve a high penetration of renewable energy sources. A number of methods to manage the demand side have been proposed. In this work we focus on dynamic demand control (DDC), where smart appliances can delay their switchings depending on the frequency of the system. We introduce a simple model to study the effects of DDC on the frequency of the power grid. The model includes the power plant equations, a stochastic model for the demand that reproduces, adjusting a single parameter, the statistical properties of frequency fluctuations measured experimentally, and a generic DDC protocol. We find that DDC can reduce small and medium size fluctuations but it can also increase the probability of observing large frequency peaks due to the necessity of recovering pending task. We also conclude that a deployment of DDC around 30-40\% already allows a significant reduction of the fluctuations while keeping the number of pending tasks low.
First On-Site True Gamma-Ray Imaging-Spectroscopy of Contamination near Fukushima Plant
Creators: name: Tomono, Dai
name: Mizumoto, Tetsuya
name: Takada, Atsushi
name: Komura, Shotaro
name: Matsuoka, Yoshihiro
name: Mizumura, Yoshitaka
name: Oda, Makoto
name: Tanimori, Toru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an Electron Tracking Compton Camera (ETCC), which provides a well-defined Point Spread Function (PSF) by reconstructing a direction of each gamma as a point and realizes simultaneous measurement of brightness and spectrum of MeV gamma-rays for the first time. Here, we present the results of our on-site pilot gamma-imaging-spectroscopy with ETCC at three contaminated locations in the vicinity of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plants in Japan in 2014. The obtained distribution of brightness (or emissivity) with remote-sensing observations is unambiguously converted into the dose distribution. We confirm that the dose distribution is consistent with the one taken by conventional mapping measurements with a dosimeter physically placed at each grid point. Furthermore, its imaging spectroscopy, boosted by Compton-edge-free spectra, reveals complex radioactive features in a quantitative manner around each individual target point in the background-dominated environment. Notably, we successfully identify a "micro hot spot" of residual caesium contamination even in an already decontaminated area. These results show that the ETCC performs exactly as the geometrical optics predicts, demonstrates its versatility in the field radiation measurement, and reveals potentials for application in many fields, including the nuclear industry, medical field, and astronomy.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 2: of Risk of fracture among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a population-based study
Creators: name: Paskins, Zoe
name: Whittle, Rebecca
name: Alyshah Sultan
name: Muller, Sara
name: Blagojevic-Bucknall, Milica
name: Helliwell, Toby
name: Hider, Samantha
name: Roddy, Edward
name: Mallen, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Algorithm for deriving glucocorticoid average dose and duration. (DOCX 22Â kb)
SDSS-IV MaNGA: stellar population gradients as a function of galaxy environment
Creators: name: Goddard, Daniel
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Westfall, Kyle
name: Etherington, James
name: Riffel, Rogerio
name: Mallmann, Nicolas D.
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Argudo-Fernandez, Maria
name: Bershady, Matthew A.
name: Bundy, Kevin
name: Drory, Niv
name: Law, David R.
name: Yan, Renbin
name: Wake, David
name: Weijmans, Anne-Marie
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Brownstein, Joel R.
name: Lane, Richard R.
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Masters, Karen L.
name: Merrifield, Michael R.
name: Nitschelm, Christian
name: Pan, Kaike
name: Roman-Lopes, Alexandre
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the internal radial gradients of stellar population properties within $1.5\;R_{\rm e}$ and analyse the impact of galaxy environment. We use a representative sample of 721 galaxies with masses ranging between $10^{9}\;M_{\odot}$ to $10^{11.5}\;M_{\odot}$ from the SDSS-IV survey MaNGA. We split this sample by morphology into early-type and late-type galaxies. Using the full spectral fitting code FIREFLY, we derive the light and mass-weighted stellar population properties age and metallicity, and calculate the gradients of these properties. We use three independent methods to quantify galaxy environment, namely the $N^{th}$ nearest neighbour, the tidal strength parameter $Q$ and distinguish between central and satellite galaxies. In our analysis, we find that early-type galaxies generally exhibit shallow light-weighted age gradients in agreement with the literature and mass-weighted median age gradients tend to be slightly positive. Late-type galaxies, instead, have negative light-weighted age gradients. We detect negative metallicity gradients in both early and late-type galaxies that correlate with galaxy mass, with the gradients being steeper and the correlation with mass being stronger in late-types. We find, however, that stellar population gradients, for both morphological classifications, have no significant correlation with galaxy environment for all three characterisations of environment. Our results suggest that galaxy mass is the main driver of stellar population gradients in both early and late-type galaxies, and any environmental dependence, if present at all, must be very subtle.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures, 4 tables. MNRAS in press
Artificial intelligence, rationalization, and the limits of control in the public sector: the case of tax policy optimization
Creators: name: Mokander, Jakob
name: Schroeder, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector is best understood as a continuation and intensification of long standing rationalization and bureaucratization processes. Drawing on Weber, we take the core of these processes to be the replacement of traditions with instrumental rationality, i.e., the most calculable and efficient way of achieving any given policy objective. In this article, we demonstrate how much of the criticisms, both among the public and in scholarship, directed towards AI systems spring from well known tensions at the heart of Weberian rationalization. To illustrate this point, we introduce a thought experiment whereby AI systems are used to optimize tax policy to advance a specific normative end, reducing economic inequality. Our analysis shows that building a machine-like tax system that promotes social and economic equality is possible. However, it also highlights that AI driven policy optimization (i) comes at the exclusion of other competing political values, (ii) overrides citizens sense of their noninstrumental obligations to each other, and (iii) undermines the notion of humans as self-determining beings. Contemporary scholarship and advocacy directed towards ensuring that AI systems are legal, ethical, and safe build on and reinforce central assumptions that underpin the process of rationalization, including the modern idea that science can sweep away oppressive systems and replace them with a rule of reason that would rescue humans from moral injustices. That is overly optimistic. Science can only provide the means, they cannot dictate the ends. Nonetheless, the use of AI in the public sector can also benefit the institutions and processes of liberal democracies. Most importantly, AI driven policy optimization demands that normative ends are made explicit and formalized, thereby subjecting them to public scrutiny and debate.
An investigation into how the acoustics of open plan and enclosed classrooms affect speech perception for kindergarten children
Creators: name: Mealings, Kiri
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Open plan classrooms, where several class bases share the same space, have recently reemerged in Australian primary schools. This is due to a more child-centred teaching philosophy which focuses on group work, sharing resources, and the social development of the child. They also promote team-teaching and joint collaboration which is thought to facilitate a more cooperative and supportive teaching and learning atmosphere. However, because of the large number of children engaging in different activities and the lack of barriers between classes, these spaces are subject to high noise levels. Therefore, it is timely to conduct research in these classrooms to assess their appropriateness for 5-6-year-old Kindergarten children. This thesis by publication is comprised of five studies that aim to comprehensively compare the listening environments of four different types of classrooms: an enclosed classroom with 25 children, a double classroom with 44 children, an untreated linear fully open plan triple classroom with 91 children, and a purpose-built semi-open plan Kindergarten-to-Year-6 classroom with 205 children. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the studies. Chapter 2 describes the first objective study which calculated and compared the noise levels, signal-to-noise ratios, speech transmission index scores, and reverberation times across classrooms. Chapter 3 describes the development of a new classroom speech perception task that can be conducted live and efficiently in real classroom listening environments. This speech perception task was used in the third study (Chapter 4) to objectively assess how the acoustics of the classrooms measured in the first study affect children’s speech perception accuracy and speed. Chapters 5 and 6 describe the subjective studies of this thesis which examined the children’s and teachers’ perceptions of their classroom listening environment via a questionnaire. Finally,Chapter 7 discusses the impact of these findings for each classroom, draws conclusions, and suggests future research directions.
Coordinated Autonomous Vehicle Parking for Vehicle-to-Grid Services: Formulation and Distributed Algorithm
Creators: name: Lam, Albert Y. S.
name: Yu, James J. Q.
name: Hou, Yunhe
name: Li, Victor O. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Autonomous vehicles (AVs) will revolutionarize ground transport and take a substantial role in the future transportation system. Most AVs are likely to be electric vehicles (EVs) and they can participate in the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system to support various V2G services. Although it is generally infeasible for EVs to dictate their routes, we can design AV travel plans to fulfill certain system-wide objectives. In this paper, we focus on the AVs looking for parking and study how they can be led to appropriate parking facilities to support V2G services. We formulate the Coordinated Parking Problem (CPP), which can be solved by a standard integer linear program solver but requires long computational time. To make it more practical, we develop a distributed algorithm to address CPP based on dual decomposition. We carry out a series of simulations to evaluate the proposed solution methods. Our results show that the distributed algorithm can produce nearly optimal solutions with substantially less computational time. A coarser time scale can improve computational time but degrade the solution quality resulting in possible infeasible solution. Even with communication loss, the distributed algorithm can still perform well and converge with only little degradation in speed.
description: 10 pages, submitted for publication
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Dietary fats promote functional and structural changes in the median eminence blood/spinal fluid interface—the protective role for BDNF
Creators: name: Ramalho, Albina
name: Bombassaro, Bruna
name: Dragano, Nathalia
name: Solon, Carina
name: Joseane Morari
name: Fioravante, Milena
name: Barbizan, Roberta
name: Velloso, Licio
name: Araujo, Eliana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Quantification of immunofluorescence of Fig. 4. (PDF 67 kb)
Additional file 1 of Medication compliance of children with epilepsy: a cross-sectional survey
Creators: name: Wang, Shanshan
name: Zhang, Xu
name: Wang, Yongqian
name: Zhou, Jinfang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Space Science
Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Science Policy
Mental Health
Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Learning Hierarchical Shape Segmentation and Labeling from Online Repositories
Creators: name: Yi, Li
name: Guibas, Leonidas
name: Hertzmann, Aaron
name: Kim, Vladimir G.
name: Su, Hao
name: Yumer, Ersin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose a method for converting geometric shapes into hierarchically segmented parts with part labels. Our key idea is to train category-specific models from the scene graphs and part names that accompany 3D shapes in public repositories. These freely-available annotations represent an enormous, untapped source of information on geometry. However, because the models and corresponding scene graphs are created by a wide range of modelers with different levels of expertise, modeling tools, and objectives, these models have very inconsistent segmentations and hierarchies with sparse and noisy textual tags. Our method involves two analysis steps. First, we perform a joint optimization to simultaneously cluster and label parts in the database while also inferring a canonical tag dictionary and part hierarchy. We then use this labeled data to train a method for hierarchical segmentation and labeling of new 3D shapes. We demonstrate that our method can mine complex information, detecting hierarchies in man-made objects and their constituent parts, obtaining finer scale details than existing alternatives. We also show that, by performing domain transfer using a few supervised examples, our technique outperforms fully-supervised techniques that require hundreds of manually-labeled models.
Video cassette revolution: the VCR in Australia
Creators: name: Nugent, Michael
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis is to serve as a history of the Video Cassette Recorder (VCR) in Australia. It has been done because while there are numerous histories relating to other aspects of Australian media, the history of the VCR itself remains little more than an aspect of narratives focused on other phenomena. This was done through extensive examination of discursive sources, such as popular magazines, newspapers and trade journals. By reading these publications over the course of several years, I have been able to identify several trends unfolding over time, noting how popular conceptions of the technology have changed. By comparing these with work done on the history of home video in other countries, it allows for a greater understanding of what is unique to Australia’s history with the VCR. Perhaps the most significant finding is that the idea of what a VCR can offer is perpetually changing. What began as a simple means to record and playback programmes from television broadcasts quickly became a key part of commercial film distribution fundamentally altered the way in which people experience their television sets. As such, a struggle for position by producers, distributors and consumers erupted, as it irrevocably changed media in Australia.
Challenges and Best Practices in Corporate AI Governance:Lessons from the Biopharmaceutical Industry
Creators: name: Mökander, Jakob
name: Sheth, Margi
name: Gersbro-Sundler, Mimmi
name: Blomgren, Peder
name: Floridi, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: While the use of artificial intelligence (AI) systems promises to bring significant economic and social benefits, it is also coupled with ethical, legal, and technical challenges. Business leaders thus face the question of how to best reap the benefits of automation whilst managing the associated risks. As a first step, many companies have committed themselves to various sets of ethics principles aimed at guiding the design and use of AI systems. So far so good. But how can well-intentioned ethical principles be translated into effective practice? And what challenges await companies that attempt to operationalize AI governance? In this article, we address these questions by drawing on our first-hand experience of shaping and driving the roll-out of AI governance within AstraZeneca, a biopharmaceutical company. The examples we discuss highlight challenges that any organization attempting to operationalize AI governance will have to face. These include questions concerning how to define the material scope of AI governance, how to harmonize standards across decentralized organizations, and how to measure the impact of specific AI governance initiatives. By showcasing how AstraZeneca managed these operational questions, we hope to provide project managers, CIOs, AI practitioners, and data privacy officers responsible for designing and implementing AI governance frameworks within other organizations with generalizable best practices. In essence, companies seeking to operationalize AI governance are encouraged to build on existing policies and governance structures, use pragmatic and action-oriented terminology, focus on risk management in development and procurement, and empower employees through continuous education and change management.
Эффективность воздействия фторированно-йодированной соли на содержание Ca и p в эмали и дентине временных зубов
Creators: name: Ахмедбейли Рамиз Мурсал Оглы
Publisher: name: International scientific review
Year: 2016
Subjects: ПРОФИЛАКТИКА КАРИЕСА
PREVENTION OF CARIES
ФТОРИРОВАННО-ЙОДИРОВАННАЯ СОЛЬ
FLUORIDATED AND IODIZED SALT

description: Содержание Ca и P в эмали и дентине определено методом рентгеноструктурного микроанализа Camebax (Cameca-France) у детей школьного возраста (6-12 лет), родившихся и проживающих в условиях биогеохимического дефицита фторида и йодида до и после потребления фторированно-йодированной соли. Трёхлетнее потребление фторированно-йодированной соли стимулирует повышение содержания Ca и P как в эмали, так и в дентине, что может быть важным критерием эффективности мер по профилактике кариеса и йододефицита, с применением в рационе питания школьниками фторированно-йодированной соли.
Creep stability of the proposed AIDA mission target 65803 Didymos: I. Discrete cohesionless granular physics model
Creators: name: Zhang, Yun
name: Richardson, Derek C.
name: Barnouin, Olivier S.
name: Maurel, Clara
name: Michel, Patrick
name: Schwartz, Stephen R.
name: Ballouz, Ronald-Louis
name: Benner, Lance A. M.
name: Naidu, Shantanu P.
name: Li, Junfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the target of the proposed Asteroid Impact & Deflection Assessment (AIDA) mission, the near-Earth binary asteroid 65803 Didymos represents a special class of binary asteroids, those whose primaries are at risk of rotational disruption. To gain a better understanding of these binary systems and to support the AIDA mission, this paper investigates the creep stability of the Didymos primary by representing it as a cohesionless self-gravitating granular aggregate subject to rotational acceleration. To achieve this goal, a soft-sphere discrete element model (SSDEM) capable of simulating granular systems in quasi-static states is implemented and a quasi-static spin-up procedure is carried out. We devise three critical spin limits for the simulated aggregates to indicate their critical states triggered by reshaping and surface shedding, internal structural deformation, and shear failure, respectively. The failure condition and mode, and shear strength of an aggregate can all be inferred from the three critical spin limits. The effects of arrangement and size distribution of constituent particles, bulk density, spin-up path, and interparticle friction are numerically explored. The results show that the shear strength of a spinning self-gravitating aggregate depends strongly on both its internal configuration and material parameters, while its failure mode and mechanism are mainly affected by its internal configuration. Additionally, this study provides some constraints on the possible physical properties of the Didymos primary based on observational data and proposes a plausible formation mechanism for this binary system. With a bulk density consistent with observational uncertainty and close to the maximum density allowed for the asteroid, the Didymos primary in certain configurations can remain geo-statically stable without including cohesion.
description: 66 pages, 24 figures, submitted to Icarus on 25/Aug/2016
Additional file 4: of A systematic review of chronic disease management interventions in primary care
Creators: name: Reynolds, Rebecca
name: Dennis, Sarah
name: Hasan, Iqbal
name: Slewa, Jan
name: Chen, Winnie
name: Tian, David
name: Sangeetha Bobba
name: Zwar, Nicholas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medicine
Developmental Biology
Science Policy

description: Summary of the 165 publications included in the review. (DOCX 139Â kb)
The Switch, the Ladder, and the Matrix: Models for Classifying AI Systems
Creators: name: Mokander, Jakob
name: Sheth, Margi
name: Watson, David
name: Floridi, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Organisations that design and deploy artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly commit themselves to high-level, ethical principles. However, there still exists a gap between principles and practices in AI ethics. One major obstacle organisations face when attempting to operationalise AI Ethics is the lack of a well-defined material scope. Put differently, the question to which systems and processes AI ethics principles ought to apply remains unanswered. Of course, there exists no universally accepted definition of AI, and different systems pose different ethical challenges. Nevertheless, pragmatic problem-solving demands that things should be sorted so that their grouping will promote successful actions for some specific end. In this article, we review and compare previous attempts to classify AI systems for the purpose of implementing AI governance in practice. We find that attempts to classify AI systems found in previous literature use one of three mental model. The Switch, i.e., a binary approach according to which systems either are or are not considered AI systems depending on their characteristics. The Ladder, i.e., a risk-based approach that classifies systems according to the ethical risks they pose. And the Matrix, i.e., a multi-dimensional classification of systems that take various aspects into account, such as context, data input, and decision-model. Each of these models for classifying AI systems comes with its own set of strengths and weaknesses. By conceptualising different ways of classifying AI systems into simple mental models, we hope to provide organisations that design, deploy, or regulate AI systems with the conceptual tools needed to operationalise AI governance in practice.
A positive feedback loop of SIRT1 and miR17HG promotes the repair of DNA double-stranded breaks
Creators: name: Xie, Luoyijun
name: Huang, Ruxiao
name: Liu, Shuang
name: Wu, Weijia
name: Su, Ailing
name: Li, Runkai
name: Liu, Xu
name: Lei, Yiting
name: Sun, Huidi
name: Liu, Xinguang
name: Xu, Shun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators for gene expression in multiple levels and thus are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been established to exert key roles in the diverse biological process through deacetylation of substrates, including DNA damage repair. Nevertheless, the regulatory relationship between SIRT1 and lncRNAs, and the effect of lncRNA on SIRT1-mediated functions were still far to be elucidated. We herein uncovered that lncRNA miR17HG was notably down-regulated in SIRT1-deficient cells, and significantly up-regulated after ectopic expression of SIRT1. Subsequently, the results of dual luciferase reporter (DLR) showed that SIRT1 dramatically enhanced the promoter activity of the miR-17-92 cluster. Furthermore, we specifically knocked down the previous demonstrated transcription factor for the miR-17-92 cluster, C-Myc, which was the validated substrate of SIRT1. As expected, miR17HG and miR-17-92 miRNAs were evidently down-regulated after silencing of C-Myc; and silencing of C-Myc significantly reversed the effect of SIRT1 on miR17HG expression, suggesting that SIRT1 endowed cells with elevated miR17HG expression through stabilization of C-Myc. What is more, silencing of miR17HG significantly inhibited the repair of DNA DSBs, while enforced expression of miR17HG promoted DSBs repair. Fascinatingly, overexpression of miR17HG evidently enhanced the deacetylation activity of SIRT1, while silencing of miR17HG conferred diminished deacetylation activity. In addition, the results of RIP unraveled the physical interaction between miR17HG and SIRT1. Taken together, we presented evidences that miR17HG and SIRT1 probably formed a positive feedback loop, which exerted a crucial effect on DSBs repair.
SDSS-IV MaNGA: Spatially resolved star formation histories in galaxies as a function of galaxy mass and type
Creators: name: Goddard, Daniel
name: Thomas, Daniel
name: Maraston, Claudia
name: Westfall, Kyle B.
name: Etherington, James
name: Riffel, Rogerio
name: Mallmann, Nicolas D.
name: Zheng, Zheng
name: Argudo-Fernandez, Maria
name: Lian, Jianhui
name: Bershady, Matthew A.
name: Bundy, Kevin
name: Drory, Niv
name: Law, David R.
name: Yan, Renbin
name: Wake, David
name: Weijmans, Anne-Marie
name: Bizyaev, Dmitry
name: Brownstein, Joel R.
name: Lane, Richard R.
name: Maiolino, Roberto
name: Masters, Karen L.
name: Merrifield, Michael R.
name: Nitschelm, Christian
name: Pan, Kaike
name: Roman-Lopes, Alexandre
name: Storchi-Bergmann, Thaisa
name: Schneider, Donald P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the internal gradients of stellar population properties within $1.5\;R_{\rm e}$ for a representative sample of 721 galaxies with stellar masses ranging between $10^{9}\;M_{\odot}$ to $10^{11.5}\;M_{\odot}$ from the SDSS-IV MaNGA IFU survey. Through the use of our full spectral fitting code FIREFLY, we derive light and mass-weighted stellar population properties and their radial gradients, as well as full star formation and metal enrichment histories. We also quanfify the impact that different stellar population models and full spectral fitting routines have on the derived stellar population properties, and the radial gradient measurements. In our analysis, we find that age gradients tend to be shallow for both early-type and late-type galaxies. {\em Mass-weighted} age gradients of early-types are positive ($\sim 0.09\; {\rm dex}/R_{\rm e}$) pointing to "outside-in" progression of star formation, while late-type galaxies have negative {\em light-weighted} age gradients ($\sim -0.11\; {\rm dex}/R_{\rm e}$), suggesting an "inside-out" formation of discs. We detect negative metallicity gradients in both early and late-type galaxies, but these are significantly steeper in late-types, suggesting that radial dependence of chemical enrichment processes and the effect of gas inflow and metal transport are far more pronounced in discs. Metallicity gradients of both morphological classes correlate with galaxy mass, with negative metallicity gradients becoming steeper with increasing galaxy mass. The correlation with mass is stronger for late-type galaxies, with a slope of $d(\nabla [Z/H])/d(\log M)\sim -0.2\pm 0.05\;$, compared to $d(\nabla [Z/H])/d(\log M)\sim -0.05\pm 0.05\;$ for early-types. This result suggests that the merger history plays a relatively small role in shaping metallicity gradients of galaxies.
description: 31 pages, 22 figures, 5 tables. Resubmitted to MNRAS including referees comments
Plant traits and their effect on fire and decomposition
Creators: name: Grootemaat, Saskia
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Wildfires are a major disturbance worldwide with large effects on ecosystem functioning, species composition and nutrient cycling. A fundamental factor in wildfires is the fuel, namely, live and dead plant material. Plant species differ in their flammability, but the role of plant traits in this remains largely unknown. The decomposition rates of different plant materials (and species) can strongly affect the availability of fuel for potential wildfires.While the influence of leaf traits on litter decomposability is reasonably well studied, it has never been compared to the drivers of litter flammability. In this thesis I focused on these two important turnover processes of plant material, i.e., fire and decomposition. By comparing a wide range of species from south-eastern Australia, I investigated theexistence of general relationships between plant traits, flammability and litter decomposability. In experiments on individual leaves (Chapter 2) I found that morphological leaf traits (such as specific leaf area or dry mass) were most strongly correlated with interspecific variation in flammability, while decomposability was mainly driven by chemical traits. Similar results were found for bark, another important litter component of the Australian forests (Chapter 4). Bark ignitibility of smooth bark species was driven by bark mass per area, while decomposition was strongly associated with initial lignin concentration. Consequently, fire and decomposition, as two alternative fates for leaves or bark, were unrelated. Next, I demonstrated that leaf traits which affect the flammability of individual leaves (e.g. specific leaf area) continue to affect flammability when scaling up to fuel beds (Chapter 3). Can we use these findings on interspecific variation in leaf trait – flammability relationships to improve predictions of fire behaviour? In Chapter 5 I showed that the inclusion of leaf traits (especially leaf thickness) improved the prediction of individual leaf ignitibility. Altogether, this suite of studies increased our understanding of trait-effects on leaf and bark flammability and decomposability. Including plant traits in future analyses could improve the estimation of fuel loads and the prediction of wildfires.
A positive feedback loop of SIRT1 and miR17HG promotes the repair of DNA double stranded breaks
Creators: name: Xie, Luoyijun
name: Huang, Ruxiao
name: Liu, Shuang
name: Wu, Weijia
name: Su, Ailing
name: Li, Runkai
name: Liu, Xu
name: Lei, Yiting
name: Sun, Huidi
name: Liu, Xinguang
name: Xu, Shun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as critical regulators for gene expression in multiple levels, and thus are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) has been established to exert key roles in diverse biological process through deacetylation of substrates, including DNA damage repair. Nevertheless, the regulatory relationship between SIRT1 and lncRNAs, and the effect of lncRNA on SIRT1-mediated functions were still far to be elucidated. We herein uncovered that lncRNA miR17HG was notably down-regulated in SIRT1 deficient cells, and significantly up-regulated after ectopic expression of SIRT1. Subsequently, the results of dual luciferase reporter (DLR) showed that SIRT1 dramatically enhanced the promoter activity of miR-17-92 cluster. Furthermore, we specifically knocked down the previous demonstrated transcription factor for miR-17-92 cluster, C-Myc, which was the validated substrate of SIRT1. As expected, miR17HG and miR-17-92 miRNAs were evidently down-regulated after silencing of C-Myc; and silencing of C-Myc significantly reversed the effect of SIRT1 on miR17HG expression, suggesting that SIRT1 endowed cells with elevated miR17HG expression through stabilization of C-Myc. What’s more, silencing of miR17HG significantly inhibited the repair of DNA DSBs, while enforced expression of miR17HG promoted DSBs repair. Fascinatingly, overexpression of miR17HG evidently enhanced the deacetylation activity of SIRT1, while silencing of miR17HG conferred diminished deacetylation activity. In addition, the results of RIP unraveled the physical interaction between miR17HG and SIRT1. Taken together, we presented evidences that miR17HG and SIRT1 probably formed a positive feedback loop, which exerted crucial effect on DSBs repair.
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Risk of fracture among patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis: a population-based study
Creators: name: Paskins, Zoe
name: Whittle, Rebecca
name: Alyshah Sultan
name: Muller, Sara
name: Blagojevic-Bucknall, Milica
name: Helliwell, Toby
name: Hider, Samantha
name: Roddy, Edward
name: Mallen, Christian
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology

description: Read codes for exposure and outcome definition. (DOCX 13Â kb)
Single-shot labeling of quantum observables
Creators: name: Ragini, Nidhin Sudarsanan
name: Ziman, Mário
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify and study a particular class of distinguishability problems for quantum observables (POVMs), in which observables with permuted effects are involved, which we call as the labeling problem. Consequently, we identify the binary observables those can be "labeled" perfectly. In this work, we study these problems in the single-shot regime.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
POTASSIUM-COMPETITIVE ACID BLOCKER-BASED THERAPY FOR GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE: A SCOPING REVIEW
Creators: name: Freitas, Ronilson Ferreira
name: Mendoza, Clara Valentina Noli
name: Fujimoto, Victoria Cristina Mendonça
name: Veras, Danilo Issa Mitozo
name: Thaynara Castelo De Lima Alves
name: Evangelista, Maria Esther Lima Rios
name: Souza, Celsa
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemicals and Drugs
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: proton pump inhibitors
subject: evidence-based medicine
subject: gastroesophageal reflux
subject: potassium-competitive acid blockers

description: Introduction: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is characterized by clinical repercussions and complications generated from the regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus and organs above it. The first line drugs for the treatment of GERD are the proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), but there are certain limitations and therapeutic failures related to them. In this context, potassium-competitive acid inhibitors (P-CABs) emerge as a promising alternative, although there are still relatively few studies referencing their therapeutic use. Objective: To map the evidence and compare the effectiveness of PPIs and PCABs in the treatment of individuals diagnosed with GERD. Inclusion criteria: It was decided to include publications in English with descriptors contained in the title, abstract and/or text, namely: “potassium-competitive acid blocker” “AND” “proton pump inhibitor” “AND” “gastroesophageal reflux”, in the publication period between 2018 and 2022, covering all types of studies. Methods: This is a scoping review, carried out between November 2022 and April 2023, based on 5 national and international databases. The analyzed data were taken from indicators to a table. Results: The study sample consisted of 13 articles. The findings suggest that Vonoprazan is not inferior to PPIs, especially in cases of refractoriness. Conclusion: P-CABs are an effective alternative in cases of severe esophagitis due to reflux disease, including cases resistant or refractory to PPIs. It is also considered that the efficacy and safety profile of the two classes is similar, but there is not enough evidence to place P-CABs as superior or first-line drugs for the treatment of GERD.
Additional file 10: Figure S4. of Dietary fats promote functional and structural changes in the median eminence blood/spinal fluid interface—the protective role for BDNF
Creators: name: Ramalho, Albina
name: Bombassaro, Bruna
name: Dragano, Nathalia
name: Solon, Carina
name: Joseane Morari
name: Fioravante, Milena
name: Barbizan, Roberta
name: Velloso, Licio
name: Araujo, Eliana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Evaluation of median eminence blood-brain barrier integrity in mice treated with an anti-BDNF immunoneutralizing antibody. The protocol employed for evaluation of BBB integrity is shown in Fig. 2a. Confocal microscopy analysis was employed for determining FITC-dextran endogenous fluorescence in the region of the median eminence in all acquisitions; the same settings of the microscope were employed (laser 488, wavelength = 405, %laser = 20%, gain = 1015, offset = − 0.3799). The fluorescence intensity was determined using an ImageJ software and presented as relative to control. N = 6. ABDNF, antibody-anti-BDNF; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; CTR, control; HFD, high-fat diet; IGG, non-immune antiserum. (PDF 2780 kb)
Food Insecurity and Mental Health: An Analysis from the OXWELL 2023 Survey
Creators: name: Bignardi, Giacomo
name: Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne
name: Fazel, Mina
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This project has two aims. First, we will describe the proportion of students aged 8-18 facing food insecurity from a recent cross-sectional survey of adolescents in the UK. Second, we will describe how food insecurity is associated with mental health and general well-being.
Simulating the Sydney hailstorm of 9 December 2007 using WRF
Creators: name: McBurney, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This study first extended Sydney’s most comprehensive hybrid hailstorm database until the end of the 2014/2015 June-May hail season to discern whether an apparent decline in hailstorm frequency over the 1991-2010 period (8.45 ± 1.57 hailstorms per annum) has continued in recent years. Hailstorm numbers were found to average 10.89 ± 1.20 per annum from 1950-2014. However, the average became 12.00 ± 4.68 hailstorms per annum during 2011-2014. This suggests that the apparent decline may be attributed to inter-annual and inter-decadal variability, rather than a long-term reduction in frequency. As a case study, a high-resolution numerical simulation of the 9th of December, 2007 hailstorm was undertaken in order to assess advancements in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models for such local-scale hazardous weather. The storm was simulated using version 3.6.1 of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Sensitivity tests on cloud microphysics and radiation schemes were performed to determine their impacts. Microphysics options that included hail as one of their hydrometeors reproduced the hailstorm significantly better than those that did not. The Goddard microphysics scheme using the hail option coupled with the Goddard shortwave radiation scheme simulated the event most accurately, although the storm arrived approximately 1.5 hours earlier than the actual event.