cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Corporate Farming, 1969-82
Creators: name: Krause, Kenneth R.
name: Krause, Kenneth R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Farm Management
subject: Corporate farming statutes
subject: farm organization
subject: vertical integration
subject: landownership
subject: real estate
subject: economic incentives

description: The number of incorporated farms in the United States rose by 178 percent in 1969-82. Most of the increase, 140 percent, occurred between 1969 and 1978. Tax advantages in the 1970's provided the chief impetus for farmers to incorporate: corporate tax rates declined while individual tax rates rose, mainly because of inflation. The Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981 and liberalized estate tax laws have reduced the incentives for incorporating, however. Despite the increase in farm corporations, most farms remain sole proprietorships and most incorporated farms are family ones. Nonfamily corporations accounted for only 11 percent of the 59,792 farm corporations in 1982. Vertical integration and contract production appear to be increasing.
Patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviour and cardiovascular health in children
Creators: name: Nettlefold, Lindsay Anne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Introduction: Physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviours are important modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in adults; however, we know much less about their role for enhancing and sustaining children’s cardiovascular health. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the relation between PA, sedentary time, and cardiovascular health in children. Methods: Participants were volunteers in a two-year randomized controlled dissemination trial of a whole school PA model (30 schools; 1,529 children). Activity intensity was measured via accelerometry (n=629), arterial compliance by applanation tonometry (n=250), and cardiovascular fitness (CVF) using a 20-meter shuttle run test (n=1,319). Results: In study 1, epoch length influenced the volume of activity recorded; however, the direction and magnitude of the bias depended on activity intensity and volume. In study 2, girls accumulated less moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and more sedentary time compared with boys, except during physical education. Fewer girls than boys met PA guidelines during school, recess, and lunch. Similarly few boys and girls (< 3%) met PA guidelines during physical education. In study 3, PA was beneficially associated with small, but not large, artery compliance. Bouted MVPA was not associated with small or large artery compliance. In study 4, activity was associated with CVF in children. However, the association between bouted MVPA and CVF was not independent of total MVPA. In study 5, girls and boys randomized to intervention schools had 31-37% greater CVF at the end of year one compared with children attending control schools; the magnitude was clinically relevant, but not statistically significant after adjusting for school clusters. There was no betweengroup difference across year two. Conclusions: Objective measures of activity improve the relation between PA and cardiovascular health thus future research should standardize methods and use accelerometers to assess children’s activity whenever possible. Children undertake little PA during school, particularly during physical education. Whole school PA interventions may enhance the cardiovascular health of children; however, generalist teachers require training and support for sustained effects. Long term prospective trials of activity (assessed by accelerometry) and targeted PA interventions that control for school clusters would fill a notable gap in the paediatric literature.
Taming the Devil: Techniques for Evaluating Anonymized Network Data
Creators: name: Coull, Scott E.
name: Wright, Charles V.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Monrose, Fabian
name: Reiter, Michael K.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2008
Subjects: Computer science

description: Anonymization plays a key role in enabling the public release of network datasets, and yet there are few, if any, techniques for evaluating the efficacy of network data anonymization techniques with respect to the privacy they afford. In fact, recent work suggests that many state-of-the-art anonymization techniques may leak more information than first thought. In this paper, we propose techniques for evaluating the anonymity of network data. Specifically, we simulate the behavior of an adversary whose goal is to deanonymize objects, such as hosts or web pages, within the network data. By doing so, we are able to quantify the anonymity of the data using information theoretic metrics, objectively compare the efficacy of anonymization techniques, and examine the impact of selective deanonymization on the anonymity of the data. Moreover, we provide several concrete applications of our approach on real network data in the hope of underscoring its usefulness to data publishers.
Long-term co-culture of endothelial and cancer cells within biomimetic microfluidic chips for investigating juxtacrine and paracrine regulatory signaling pathways
Creators: name: Soleimani, Shirin
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Microfabrication, PDMS microfluidic chips, PDMS porous membrane, endothelial cells, cancer cells, paracrine signaling, juxtacrine signaling
subject: Biology--Cell
subject: Engineering--Biomedical

description: Emerging evidence on how angiocrine factors confer inductive signals to orchestrate a wide range of pathophysiological phenomena (e.g. tumorigenesis, self-renewal of hematopoietic stem cells, regenerative lung alveolization and liver regeneration) lends credence to the concept that endothelial cells are not only the building blocks of vascular networks but also serve as a rich resource of regulatory angiocrine factors. Cancer-associated endothelial cells initiate a series of signaling modes with cancer cells. These signallings determine cancer progression and response to drugs. While it is widely-believed that endothelial cells are only able to affect the cancer cells that are juxtaposed next to them, cells positioned five-cell diameters away from the sinusoid vessels have been shown to be ruled by angiocrine factors. Considering the distance dependency of cancer-endothelium crosstalk, there is a great demand for an in vitro system with high geometrical precision that offers a diverse range of cell-cell distance and cell-cell contact area for studying and distinguishing juxtacrine and paracrine signallings between cancer and endothelial cells in a spatiotemporal manner. In the present study, a three-layer microfluidic chip consisting of a top and a bottom channel separated via a porous membrane is devised, to enable studying the signalling pathways between cancer and endothelial cells under highly-controlled conditions. The porous membranes are variable in terms of pore size, thickness and porous surface area. However, transition from macroscopic to microfluidic platforms for reconstructing in vitro models brings with it a variety of challenges such as the effect of device material (Tissue culture Polystyrene vs. PDMS), surface coating, cell number/surface area unit, cell seeding method and cell culture media exchange schedule. The present work has tried to provide a comprehensive protocol to supply precisely controlled conditions along the microchannels for the cells to grow, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, E4OR1 transduced endothelial cells and breast cancer MCF-7 cells.
Sterile neutrino decay as a common origin for LSND/MiniBooNe and T2K excess events
Creators: name: Gninenko, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We point out that the excess of electron-like neutrino events recently observed by the T2K collaboration may have a common origin with the similar excess events previously reported by the LSND and MiniBooNE experiments and interpreted as a signal from the radiative decays of a sterile neutrino ν_h with the mass around 50 MeV produced in muon neutrino neutral current (NC) interactions. In this work we assumed that the ν_h can also be produced in tau neutrino NC reactions.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures. Revised version accepted by PRD (Rapid Comm.) after referee's suggestions. Fig.1 added for illustration
Mixed Metal Oxides for Low-Carbon Energy and Low-Energy Production of Carbon
Creators: name: Zarabian, Mina
Publisher: name: Schulich School of Engineering
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: CO2 conversion
subject: carbon nanofibers
subject: dry reforming of methane
subject: Li stuffed garnet
subject: solid electrolyte
subject: Energy
subject: Engineering
subject: Engineering--Chemical
subject: Engineering--Environmental

description: The increasing trend of energy consumption and CO2 release obliges researchers to seek a wide variety of solutions to use energy more efficiently and leave less environmental footprints. The current solutions include expanding renewable sources, energy management via storage devices, increasing energy efficiency, and CO2 capture and utilization (CCU). The results of this thesis encompass these strategies by developing a new mixed oxide with high functionality for energy storage (low-carbon energy), and energy efficient production of carbon fibres (low-energy production of carbon). In the first part of this project, a thin film based on Li-La-Zr-O was developed on MgO (100) and LiCoO2 substrate using spin coating of polymer precursor. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) shows the activation energy in the range of 0.6 eV on MgO. This leads to the conductivity at room temperature reaching 10-6 S.cm-1. Detailed XPS analysis coupled with ion sputtering reveals the depth profile composition as well as oxidation state of the elements. It is concluded that Li is depleted in the interfacial region of Li-La-Zr-O/LiCoO2 and a variety of oxidation states for cobalt were detected. In the second part of this project, the developed mixed oxide based on Li-La-Zr-O is utilized in a catalytic application. Cyclic temperature programmed oxidation and reduction shows cyclic hydrogen uptake in the range of 120 µmol.g-1. Employing various analysis techniques including thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), a mechanism of LiH formation and decomposition is proposed. Finally, Li-La-Zr-O based catalyst was utilized for CO2 conversion to an intermediate stream and sequentially to carbon nanofibers (CNFs). CNFs were grown on a newly-developed magnetic aluminized substrate containing nanoparticles of Fe doped with Ni and Mg. In this regard, catalyst properties were investigated by employing various methods. The selectivity of the reaction to carbon fibres as the desired product was studied and the effect of catalyst composition was discussed. Carbon isotope feedstock was used to study the side reactions and parallel products. Finally, CNFs were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, XRD, BET, SEM and TEM showing comparable properties to the currently available ones in the market produced through more expensive routes.
Making Aromatic Phosphorus Heterocycles More Basic and Nucleophilic: Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of the First Phosphinine Selenide
Creators: name: Wossidlo, Friedrich
name: Frost, Daniel S.
name: Lin, Jinxiong
name: Coles, Nathan T.
name: Klimov, Katrin
name: Weber, Manuela
name: Böttcher, Tobias
name: Müller, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: aromaticity
subject: crystallography
subject: density functional calculations
subject: heterocycles
subject: phosphinine
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The synthesis and isolation of a phosphinine selenide was achieved for the first time by reacting red selenium with 2,6-bis(trimethylsilyl)phosphinine. The rather large coupling constant of 1JP,Se=883 Hz is in line with a P−Se bond of high s-character. The σ-electron donating Me3Si-substituents significantly increase the energy of the phosphorus lone pair and hence its basicity, making the heterocycle considerably more basic and nucleophilic than the unsubstituted phosphinine C5H5P, as confirmed by the calculated gas phase basicities. NBO calculations further reveal that the lone pairs of the selenium atom are stabilized through donor-acceptor interactions with antibonding orbitals of the aromatic ring. The novel phosphinine selenide shows a distinct reactivity towards hexafluoro-2-butyne, Au(I)Cl as well as iPrOH. Our results pave the way for new perspectives in the chemistry of phosphorus in low coordination.
Gone Rogue: An Analysis of Rogue Security Software Campaigns
Creators: name: Cova, Marco
name: Leita, Corrado
name: Thonnard, Olivier
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Dacier, Marc
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Computer science

description: In the past few years, Internet miscreants have developed a number of techniques to defraud and make a hefty profit out of their unsuspecting victims. A troubling, recent example of this trend is cyber-criminals distributing rogue security software, that is malicious programs that,by pretending to be legitimate security tools (e.g., anti-virus or anti-spyware), deceive users into paying a substantial amount of money in exchange for little or no protection.While the technical and economical aspects of rogue security software (e.g., its distribution and monetization mechanisms) are relatively well-understood, much less is known about the campaigns through which this type of malware is distributed, that is what are the underlying techniques and coordinated efforts employed by cyber-criminals to spread their malware.In this paper, we present the techniques we used to analyze rogue security software campaigns, with an emphasis on the infrastructure employed in the campaign and the life-cycle of the clients that they infect.
title: Πολυάνοσες ανοσοσφαιρίνες από πλάσμα ιαθέντων ασθενών ως θεραπεία έναντι της νόσου COVID-19
title: Polyvalent immunoglobins from convalescent plasma as a treatment for COVID-19 disease
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Γκίκα, Μαριόν
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2021
Subjects: COVID-19
Πολυάνοσες ανοσοσφαιρίνες
Κλασματοποίηση
Θεραπεία

description: Η δεκαετία που διανύουμε στιγματίστηκε από την πανδημία του ιού SARS-CoV-19. Η εξαιρετικά υψηλή μεταδοτικότητα του, η πολύπλοκη παθολογία που παρουσιάζει, καθώς και η πρακτικά παντελής έλλειψη ερευνών πάνω στο συγκεκριμένο παθογόνο (καθώς πρόκειται για αναδυόμενο), οδήγησαν τους αρμόδιους φορείς σε λήψη αυστηρών υγειονομικών μέτρων, τα οποία επηρέασαν αρνητικά την ανθρωπότητα, όσον αφορά την οικονομία, την ψυχική υγεία και τις κοινωνικές αλληλεπιδράσεις. Η περισσότερα υποσχόμενη φαρμακευτική αντιμετώπιση βρίσκεται σε μεθοδολογίες που χρησιμοποιούνται εδώ και αρκετές δεκαετίες. Η ίδια λύση δώθηκε σε διάφορες ιολογικές και βακτηριακές νόσους. Δώθηκε σε παρελθοντικές επιδημίες, με πιο πρόσφατο παράδειγμα τα τελευταία ξεσπάσματα ιών του γένους Ebola του 1995 και του 2013. Πρόκειται για την απομόνωση πολυάνοσων ανοσοσφαιρινών από πλάσμα αίματος ανοσοποιημένου πληθυσμού, στον οποίο ανήκουν οι αναρρωμένοι ασθενείς, καθώς και όσοι έχουν εμβολιαστεί. Η συγκεκριμένη μεθοδολογία παραγωγής αντισωμάτων έχει αρκετά πλεονεκτήματα σε σχέση με άλλες, όσον αφορά το κόστος παραγωγής, την απαραίτητη μελέτη του παθογόνου και την ευκολία εφαρμογής της. Για την παραγωγής τους απαιτείται η μαζική κλασματοποίηση τους και η απομόνωση τους από το αντίστοιχο κλάσμα. Αν και η ύπαρξη μεταλλάξεων του αρχικού στελέχους ανησυχεί τους ειδικούς, τα παράγωγα πλάσματος θα μπορέσουν να λειτουργήσουν ως πηγή αντισωμάτων εξειδικευμένων έναντι του εκάστοτε μεταλλαγμένου στελέχους. Επιπλέον, δεδομένων των υγειονομικών και νομικών συνθηκών που επικρατούν στην παράνομη εμπορία εξωτικών ζώων, είναι στατιστικά βέβαιο ότι μέσα στις επόμενες δεκαετίες θα υπάρξει κάποιο επιδημικό κύμα, οφειλόμενο σε καινούργια παθογόνα, άγνωστα στον άνθρωπο. Όταν έρθει η ώρα αυτή, οι πολυάνοσες ανοσοσφαιρίνες πρέπει να αξιοποιηθούν, για την καλύτερη δυνατή διαχείριση της κατάστασης.
Spectral vs. spectro-temporal features for acoustic event detection
Creators: name: Cotton, Courtenay Valentine
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Electrical engineering

description: Automatic detection of different types of acoustic events is an interesting problem in soundtrack processing. Typical approaches to the problem use short-term spectral features to describe the audio signal, with additional modeling on top to take temporal context into account. We propose an approach to detecting and modeling acoustic events that directly describes temporal context, using convolutive non-negative matrix factorization (NMF). NMF is useful for finding parts-based decompositions of data; here it is used to discover a set of spectro-temporal patch bases that best describe the data, with the patches corresponding to event-like structures. We derive features from the activations of these patch bases, and perform event detection on a database consisting of 16 classes of meeting-room acoustic events. We compare our approach with a baseline using standard short-term mel frequency cepstal coefficient (MFCC) features. We demonstrate that the event-based system is more robust in the presence of added noise than the MFCC-based system, and that a combination of the two systems performs even better than either individually.
Semi-analytic method for slow light photonic crystal waveguide design
Creators: name: Blown, Patrick
name: Fisher, Caitlin
name: Lawrence, Felix J.
name: Gutman, Nadav
name: de Sterke, C. Martijn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a semi-analytic method to calculate the dispersion curves and the group velocity of photonic crystal waveguide modes in two-dimensional geometries. We model the waveguide as a homogenous strip, surrounded by photonic crystal acting as diffracting mirrors. Following conventional guided-wave optics, the properties of the photonic crystal waveguide may be calculated from the phase upon propagation over the strip and the phase upon reflection. The cases of interest require a theory including the specular order and one other diffracted reflected order. The computational advantages let us scan a large parameter space, allowing us to find novel types of solutions.
description: Accepted by Photonics and Nanostructures - Fundamentals and Applications
Systematischer Review zur antiemetischen Prophylaxe bei moderat emetogener Chemotherapie mit besonderer Berücksichtigung carboplatin- und oxaliplatinhaltiger Regime
Creators: name: Blättermann, Luisa
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610

description: Übelkeit und Erbrechen stellen, im Rahmen der Chemotherapie, weiterhin relevante Nebenwirkungen dar. Durch 5-HT3-Rezeptorantagonisten, Dexamethason und Neurokinin-1-Rezeptorantagonisten (bzw. Triple-Therapie) konnte Chemotherapie-induziertes Erbrechen und chemotherapie-induzierte Übelkeit reduziert werden. Moderat emetogene Zytostatika (MEC) sind eine heterogene Gruppe mit einem emetogenen Potential zwischen 30-90 %. Im oberen Bereich des Spektrums stehen Carbo- und Oxaliplatin. In Form einer Metaanalyse wurde die aktuelle Studienlage (17 Quellen) analysiert bezüglich des Einsatzes der Triple-Therapie bei der Anwendung von MEC-Regimen, mit als auch ohne Carbo- und Oxaliplatin. Die Daten wurden extrahiert und statistisch ausgewertet. In der Gesamtanalyse und für Carboplatin konnte die statische Signifikanz der Triple-Therapie nachgewiesen werden. Für Oxaliplatin zeigte sich kein statistisch signifikanter Vorteil der Triple-Therapie. Es lässt sich keine generelle Empfehlung einer Triple-Therapie für alle MEC-Regime ableiten aber für Carboplatin ist ein positiver Effekt nachzuweisen.
description: Nausea and emesis are still relevant side effects regarding chemotherapy. With the help of 5-HT3-receptor-anatgonists, dexamethasone and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (so called triple-therapy) the occurance of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting could be reduced. Moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (MEC) form a heterogenic group, with an emetogenic potential between 90-30 %. Carbo- and oxaliplatin are ranked at the higher end of the spectrum. A meta-analysis of the current data was conducted concerning the use of the triple therapy in MEC with and without carbo- and oxaliplatin. The data were extracted from 17 sources and statistically analyzed. The total analysis and the analysis of carboplatin showed a statistically significant benefit of the triple-therapy. This could not be shown for the oxaliplatin group. A general recommendation to use the triple-therapy in MEC-regimens cannot be made but a positive effect in carboplatin-based regimens was found.
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel H->ZZ(*)->4l with the ATLAS detector
Creators: name: ATLAS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel H->ZZ(*)->l+l-l+l-, where l=e,mu, is presented. Proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s)=7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an average integrated luminosity of 2.1 fb-1 are compared to the Standard Model expectations. Upper limits on the production cross section of a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass between 110 and 600 GeV are derived. The observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit on the production cross section for a Higgs boson with a mass of 194 GeV, the region with the best expected sensitivity for this search, is 0.99 (1.01) times the Standard Model prediction. The Standard Model Higgs boson is excluded at 95% confidence level in the mass ranges 191-197, 199-200 and 214-224 GeV.
description: 7 pages plus author list (22 pages total), 3 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters B
Audio Fingerprinting to Identify Multiple Videos of an Event
Creators: name: Cotton, Courtenay Valentine
name: Ellis, Daniel P. W.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2010
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Information science

description: The proliferation of consumer recording devices and video sharing websites makes the possibility of having access to multiple recordings of the same occurrence increasingly likely. These co-synchronous recordings can be identified via their audio tracks, despite local noise and channel variations. We explore a robust fingerprinting strategy to do this. Matching pursuit is used to obtain a sparse set of the most prominent elements in a video soundtrack. Pairs of these elements are hashed and stored, to be efficiently compared with one another. This fingerprinting is tested on a corpus of over 700 YouTube videos related to the 2009 U.S. presidential inauguration. Reliable matching of identical events in different recordings is demonstrated, even under difficult conditions.
Families Journeying Together: Exploring Resilience in Families with Adolescents with ADHD
Creators: name: McMenemy, Therese Claire
Publisher: name: Social Work
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Resilience ADHD Adolescence
subject: Social Work
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: There is increasing attention given to the ways that children and adolescents with ADHD experience resilience and factors that help them to thrive. Research in this area is particularly needed for the relatively understudied group, emerging adolescents, who are experiencing a key transitional stage of life and are at risk for developing significant comorbidities. The purpose of this study was to explore the experience of resilience among emerging adolescents and their families. Using a qualitative, constructivist grounded theory approach, 21 interviews were conducted with parents and primary caregivers of emerging adolescents with ADHD, adolescents with ADHD and supportive professionals who work directly with this population. Participants were from three Canadian cities. A resilience-promoting process emerged of Families Journeying Together. It comprised three parts of experiencing constant challenge, building family consciousness, and moving forward. The findings underlined the key role that parents play in the lives of emerging adolescents with ADHD, and the need to include a family systems perspective when exploring resilience in ADHD. Participants affirmed the relevance of an ecological approach to understanding and supporting resilience for emerging adolescents with ADHD and their families. Findings suggest future research and policy/program development that focuses upon ecological factors to nurture resilience and well-being.
Critical phenomena in Born-Infeld AdS black holes
Creators: name: Banerjee, Rabin
name: Roychowdhury, Dibakar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the thermodynamics of critical phenomena in Born-Infeld AdS black holes using a canonical ensemble. The critical behavior has been studied near the critical point which is characterized by a discontinuity in the heat capacity at constant charge. We explicitly calculate the critical exponents of the relevant thermodynamic quantities. These exponents satisfy all the thermodynamic scaling laws. We also check the Generalized Homogeneous Function (GHF) hypothesis (or the scaling hypothesis) which is shown to be compatible with the thermodynamic scaling laws. Finally we check the validity of the scaling laws of second kind which include the critical exponents associated with the spatial correlation. In the appropriate limit our results also provide the corresponding expressions for the Reissner Nordstrom AdS case.
description: LaTex, 13 pages, 10 figures, text modified, numerical results included, references added, to appear in Physical Review D
Elastic Block Ciphers: The Basic Design
Creators: name: Cook, Debra L.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Yung, Moti
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: We introduce the concept of an elastic block cipher, which refers to stretching the supported block size of a block cipher to any length up to twice the original block size while incurring a computational workload that is proportional to the block size. We define a method for converting any existing block cipher into an elastic block cipher and mention our analysis of the construction.
It's a family affair: How social identification influences family CEO compensation
Creators: name: Mueller, Elisabeth F.
name: Flickinger, Miriam
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: corporate governance
subject: CEO compensation
subject: family CEO
subject: family firms
subject: social identification
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: Research Question/Issue This study analyzes the heterogeneity of CEO compensation in family firms. Specifically, we investigate the relationship between a family CEO's social identification with the family firm and the level of her or his compensation. Research Findings/Insights Using a sample of S&P 500 family firms between 2006 and 2014, we find that levels of social identification among family CEOs explain the heterogeneous patterns of CEO compensation among family firms. Our results show that the level of social identification varies among family CEOs. Theoretical/Academic Implications Our findings indicate that differences in social identification among individual family executives are an important factor in CEO compensation in family firms. This factor has been overlooked in the literature, which has instead focused on the explanatory power of faultlines between family versus non-family firms or family versus non-family executives in family firms. Practitioner/Policy Implications Practitioners may value our finding that socio-psychological dynamics influence strategic decision-making in family firms, such as setting the compensation of the family CEO. In particular, practitioners should be aware of each family CEO's level of identification and should not assume that all family members equally socially identify with the family firm.
Synthese, Charakterisierung und Anwendung von stabilen organischen Radikalen als Spin-Sonden für die Elektronenspinresonanz-Spektroskopie
Creators: name: Lampp, Lisa
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 572

description: Die EPR-Spektroskopie („electron paramagnetic resonance“) ist eine Methode, mit der paramagnetische Substanzen wie stabile organische Radikale untersucht werden können. EPR-Spektren solcher Radikale werden von zahlreichen Parametern beeinflusst. Dadurch ergeben sich eine Vielzahl von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten wie z. B. die Bestimmung von Sauerstoffkonzentrationen und pH-Werten im Geweben und Organen. Sie ist daher eine wichtige analytische Methode in der medizinischen Forschung und hat auch Potential in der medizinischen Diagnostik. In dieser Arbeit wurden die für diese Untersuchungen benötigten organischen Radikale direkt durch Strukturoptimierung oder indirekt durch Verkapselung in hydrophile und lipophile Gele optimiert, charakterisiert und deren Anwendbarkeit für unterschiedliche EPR-spektroskopische Methoden in vivo und in vitro getestet. Untersucht wurden sowohl Nitroxidradikale als auch Triarylmethylradikale und Galvinoxylradikale.
description: EPR spectroscopy ('electron paramagnetic resonance') is an analytical method for the characterization of paramagnetic compounds. Stable organic radicals are widely used probes for different EPR applications. EPR spectra are influenced by different parameters such as oxygen concentration and pH in organs and tissues. Thus, biological applications of EPR include e. g. the quantitative determination of oxygen levels and pH in tissues and organs. It is therefore an important analytical tool for medicinal research and a potentially useful tool for medicinal diagnostics. The aim of this work was to optimize and characterize three types of organic radicals directly by structure variation und indirectly by encapsulation of radicals in lipophilic and hydrophilic gels. The applicability of the new and encapsulated radicals for different EPR applications was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Radical types which were investigated in this study are nitroxides, triarylmethyle radicals und galvinoxyls.
WebSOS: Protecting Web Servers From DDoS Attacks
Creators: name: Cook, Debra L.
name: Morein, William G.
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
name: Misra, Vishal
name: Rubenstein, Daniel Stuart
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2003
Subjects: Computer science

description: We present the WebSOS architecture, a mechanism for countering denial of service (DoS) attacks against web servers. WebSOS uses a combination of overlay networking, content-based routing, and aggressive packet filtering to guarantee access to a service that is targeted by a DoS attack. Our approach requires no modifications to servers or browsers, and makes use of the web proxy feature and TLS client authentication supported by modern browsers. We use a WebSOS prototype to conduct a preliminary performance evaluation both on the local area network and over the Internet using PlanetLab, a testbed for experimentation with network overlays. We determine the end-to-end latency imposed by the architecture to increase by a factor of 5 on average. We conclude that this overhead is reasonable in the context of a determined DoS attack.
Study of the metabolism during microspore embryogenesis in wheat DH lines using -omics approaches
Creators: name: Pérez-Piñar López, Teresa
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Weizen
subject: Mikrospore
subject: Embryonalentwicklung
subject: Stressreaktion
subject: 576

description: Mikrosporen-Embryogenese ist ein Prozess, der durch einen Wechsel in der Entwicklung der Mikrosporen vom gametophytischen zum sporophytischen Weg definiert wird. Der Prozess wird durch die Applikation einer Stressvorbehandlung induziert. Das Endergebnis nach der Chromosomenverdopplung ist eine diploide Pflanze. In dieser Arbeit wurden die Stoffwechselwege bestimmt, die die frühen Stadien der Mikrosporenembryogenese in Brotweizen definieren. Der Prozess wurde vor und nach die Applikation der Stressvorbehandlung und nach der ersten Kernteilung untersucht. Darüber hinaus wurde die molekulare Basis für die erfolgreiche Regeneration grüner Pflanzen nach der Mikrosporen-Embryogenese identifiziert. Stärkemetabolismus und Tricarbonsäurezyklus wurden als Schlüsselwege während der Kaltstressvorbehandlung und der Aminosäuremetabolismus nach der ersten Kernteilung aufgezeigt. Die Stoffwechselanalyse zwischen Mikrosporen von Doppelhaploiden-Linien, die sich in der Regenerationsrate von grünen Pflanen unterschieden, ergab ähnliche Profile, jedoch unterschiedliche Konzentrationen. Die Prädiktion der Regenerationsrate von grünen Pflanzen war möglich, indem mit wenigen Metaboliten ein mathematisches Modell erstellt wurde.
description: Microspore embryogenesis is a process defined by a switch in the microspore development from the gametophytic to the sporophytic pathway. The process is triggered by the application of a stress pretreatment. The final result, after chromosome doubling, is a doubled haploid plant. In this thesis the metabolic pathways that define the early stages of microspore embryogenesis in bread wheat were determined. The process was studied before and after the application of the stress pretreatment, and after the first nuclear division. Additionally, the molecular basis from which a successful green plant regeneration after microspore embryogenesis was identified. Starch metabolism and tricarboxylic acid cycle were revealed as key pathways during the cold stress pretreatment, and amino acid metabolism after the first nuclear division. The metabolic analysis between microspores of doubled haploid lines differing in their green plant regeneration rate revealed similar profiles, but different concentrations. Prediction of the green plant regeneration rate was possible by using few metabolites to build a mathematical model.
title: Zustand und Zukunft des Bevölkerungsschutzes in Deutschland
title: Lessons to learn
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Voss, Martin
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Bevölkerungsschutz
subject: Katastrophenschutz
subject: Risikomanagement
subject: Krisenmanagement
subject: Katastrophenmanagement
subject: Lessons learned
subject: Pandemie
subject: Resilienz
subject: 300 Social sciences::350 Public administration::350 Public administration
subject: 300 Social sciences::300 Social sciences, Sociology, Anthropology::301 Sociology and anthropology

description: Das System des deutschen Bevölkerungsschutzes hat sich in weiten Teilen über Jahrzehnte weiterentwickelt und überwiegend bewährt, es weist aber nicht erst mit der Corona-Pandemie auch teils gravierende Schwächen auf. Im Folgenden skizziere ich „lessons to learn“ aus Forschersicht: Dazu werde ich zunächst die Ausgangslage erörtern und schreiben über 2. das Schutzziel des Bevölkerungsschutzes, 3. Gesellschaften im Wandel und veränderte Gefahren, 4. Stärken und Schwächen des Bevölkerungsschutzes in Deutschland und 5. Reformbedarfe. Im 6. Kapitel, dem Hauptteil dieses Berichtes, folgen dann konkrete Schlussfolgerungen mit „lessons to learn“. Der Bericht endet mit einem Vorschlag für ein „Nationales Forschungszentrum Resilienz und Schutz der Bevölkerung“.
Pygmy dipole resonance in 208Pb
Creators: name: Poltoratska, I.
name: von Neumann-Cosel, P.
name: Tamii, A.
name: Adachi, T.
name: Bertulani, C. A.
name: Carter, J.
name: Dozono, M.
name: Fujita, H.
name: Fujita, K.
name: Fujita, Y.
name: Hatanaka, K.
name: Itoh, M.
name: Kawabata, T.
name: Kalmykov, Y.
name: Krumbholz, A. M.
name: Litvinova, E.
name: Matsubara, H.
name: Nakanishi, K.
name: Neveling, R.
name: Okamura, H.
name: Ong, H. J.
name: Özel-Tashenov, B.
name: Ponomarev, V. Yu.
name: Richter, A.
name: Rubio, B.
name: Sakaguchi, H.
name: Sakemi, Y.
name: Sasamoto, Y.
name: Shimbara, Y.
name: Shimizu, Y.
name: Smit, F. D.
name: Suzuki, T.
name: Tameshige, Y.
name: Wambach, J.
name: Yosoi, M.
name: Zenihiro, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Scattering of protons of several hundred MeV is a promising new spectroscopic tool for the study of electric dipole strength in nuclei. A case study of 208Pb shows that at very forward angles J^pi = 1- states are strongly populated via Coulomb excitation. A separation from nuclear excitation of other modes is achieved by a multipole decomposition analysis of the experimental cross sections based on theoretical angular distributions calculated within the quasiparticle-phonon model. The B(E1) transition strength distribution is extracted for excitation energies up to 9 MeV, i.e., in the region of the so-called pygmy dipole resonance (PDR). The Coulomb-nuclear interference shows sensitivity to the underlying structure of the E1 transitions, which allows for the first time an experimental extraction of the electromagnetic transition strength and the energy centroid of the PDR.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. C
Public support for climate justice : a survey of British Columbia residents
Creators: name: Gates, Jodie W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study examines public support for climate justice and climate policies, based on results from an online survey given to 971 respondents in British Columbia, Canada in July 2010. The concept of climate justice is rooted in the recognition that segments of the population may be more or less vulnerable to the negative impacts of climate change, and that it is often the most vulnerable that are the least responsible for contributing to climate change. Climate justice is a growing area of research and the impetus for a burgeoning social movement worldwide; this study examines public perception of social aspects of climate change issues in British Columbia, providing insight into how individuals in a first world setting conceptualize vulnerability and responsibility to climate change on a provincial, national, and international level. The survey instrument for this study focused on climate change risk perception; fairness and responsibility in terms of climate action and climate impacts; levels of support for specific climate policy options; views on civic engagement and equality; and environmental attitudes. Findings show age to be the only socioeconomic demographic variable with significant effects on support for climate justice and climate policies, with older respondents more likely to show support. Respondents exhibiting greater support for civic engagement, greater support for equality, more proenvironmental attitudes, greater belief in climate action, and a belief in anthropogenic climate change are also more supportive. Recommendations for climate change decision-makers and communicators, as well as areas for future research, are also discussed.
Initial Experience with the Safe Implementation of Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision (TaTME) as a Standardized Procedure for Low Rectal Cancer
Creators: name: Dittrich, Luca
name: Biebl, Matthias
name: Schmuck, Rosa
name: Gül, Safak
name: Weiss, Sascha
name: Haase, Oliver
name: Knoop, Michael
name: Alkatout, Ibrahim
name: Pratschke, Johann
name: Aigner, Felix
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: rectal cancer
subject: mesorectal
subject: transanal
subject: laparoscopic
subject: local recurrence
subject: survival
subject: conversion rate
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Introduction: The laparoscopic approach for TME is proven to be non-inferior in oncological outcome compared to open surgery. Anatomical limitations in the male and obese pelvis with resulting pathological shortcomings and high conversion rates were stimuli for alternative approaches. The transanal approach for TME (TaTME) was introduced to overcome these limitations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of TaTME for mid and low rectal cancer at our center. Methods: TaTME is a hybrid procedure of simultaneously laparoscopic and transanal mesorectal excision. A retrospective analysis of all consecutive TaTME procedures performed at our center for mid and low rectal cancer between December 2014 and January 2020 was conducted. Results: A total of 157 patients underwent TaTME, with 72.6% receiving neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Mean tumor height was 6.1 ± 2.3 cm from the anal verge, 72.6% of patients had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, and 34.2% of patients presented with a threatened CRM upon pretherapeutic MRI. Abdominal conversion rate was 5.7% with no conversion for the transanal dissection. Early anastomotic leakage occurred in 7.0% of the patients. Mesorectum specimen was complete in 87.3%, R1 resection rate was 4.5% (involved distal resection margin) and in 7.6%, the CRM was positive. The three-year local recurrence rate of 58 patients with a follow-up ≥ 36 months was 3.4%. Overall survival was 92.0% after 12 months, and 82.2% after 36 months. Conclusion: TaTME can be performed safely with acceptable long-term oncological outcome. Low rectal cancer can be well addressed by TaTME, which is an appropriate alternative with low conversion, local recurrence, adequate mesorectal quality and CRM positivity rates.
Large peculiar motion of the solar system from the dipole anisotropy in sky brightness due to distant radio sources
Creators: name: Singal, Ashok K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to the cosmological principle, the Universe should appear isotropic, without any preferred directions, to an observer whom we may consider to be fixed in the co-moving co-ordinate system of the expanding Universe. Such an observer is stationary with respect to the average distribution of the matter in the Universe and the sky brightness at any frequency should appear uniform in all directions to such an observer. However a peculiar motion of such an observer, due to a combined effect of Doppler boosting and aberration, will introduce a dipole anisotropy in the observed sky brightness; in reverse an observed dipole anisotropy in the sky brightness could be used to infer the peculiar velocity of the observer with respect to the average Universe. We determine the peculiar velocity of the solar system relative to the frame of distant radio sources, by studying the anisotropy in the sky brightness from discrete radio sources, i.e., an integrated emission from discrete sources per unit solid angle. Our results give a direction of the velocity vector in agreement with the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) value, but the magnitude ($\sim 1600\pm 400$ km/s) is $\sim 4$ times the CMBR value ($369\pm 1$ km/s) at a statistically significant ($\sim 3σ$) level. A genuine difference between the two dipoles would imply anisotropic Universe, with the anisotropy changing with the epoch. This would violate the cosmological principle where the isotropy of the Universe is assumed for all epochs, and on which the whole modern cosmology is based upon.
description: 10 pages, 2 figures, 3 tables
Elastic Block Ciphers in Practice: Constructions and Modes of Encryption
Creators: name: Cook, Debra L.
name: Yung, Moti
name: Keromytis, Angelos D.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2007
Subjects: Computer science

description: We demonstrate the general applicability of the elastic block cipher method by constructing examples from existing block ciphers: AES, Camellia, MISTY1 and RC6. An elastic block cipher is a variable-length block cipher created from an existing fixed-length block cipher. The elastic version supports any block size between one and two times that of the original block size. We compare the performance of the elastic versions to that of the original versions and evaluate the elastic versions using statistical tests measuring the randomness of the ciphertext. The benefit, in terms of an increased rate of encryption, of using an elastic block cipher varies based on the specific block cipher and implementation. In most cases, there is an advantage to using an elastic block cipher to encrypt blocks that are a few bytes longer than the original block length. The statistical test results indicate no obvious flaws in the method for constructing elastic block ciphers. We also use our examples to demonstrate the concept of a generic key schedule for block ciphers. In addition, we present ideas for new modes of encryption using the elastic block cipher construction.
A Novel Ferroptosis-Associated Gene Signature to Predict Prognosis in Patients with Uveal Melanoma
Creators: name: Luo, Huan
name: Ma, Chao
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: uveal melanoma
subject: ferroptosis
subject: gene signature
subject: prognostic value
subject: tumor immunity
subject: target therapy
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Ferroptosis is a newly recognized process of cell death, which is different from other forms of cell death in terms of morphology, biochemistry and genetics, and has played a vital role in cancer biology. The present research aimed to construct a gene signature from ferroptosis-related genes that have the prognostic capacity of UM. Methods: UM patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were taken as the training cohort, and GSE22138 from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) was treated as the validation cohort. A total of 103 ferroptosis-related genes were retrieved from the GeneCards. We performed Kaplan-Meier and univariate Cox analysis for preliminary screening of ferroptosis-related genes with potential prognostic capacity in the training cohort. These genes were then applied into an overall survival-based LASSO Cox regression model, constructing a gene signature. The discovered gene signature was then evaluated via Kaplan-Meier (KM), Cox, and ROC analyses in both cohorts. The Pearson correlation coefficient examined the correlations between risk score and UM common mutations and autophagy. The analyses of GSEA and immune infiltrating were performed to better study the functional annotation of the gene signature and the character of each kind of immune cell in the tumor microenvironment. Results: A seven-gene signature was found from the training cohort and validated in all cohorts by Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses, revealing its independent prognosis value in UM. Moreover, ROC analysis was conducted, confirming the strong predictive ability that this signature had for UM prognosis. A total of 52.24% (256/490) autophagy-related genes were significantly correlated with risk scores. Analyses of GSEA and immune infiltrating detailed exhibited specific pathways associated with the seven-gene signature, also confirming the crucial role that Mast cells resting played in the prognosis of the seven-gene signature. Conclusions: In this study, a novel ferroptosis-related seven-gene signature (ALOX12, CD44, MAP1LC3C, STEAP3, HMOX1, ITGA6, and AIFM2/FSP1) was built. It could accurately predict UM prognosis and was related to Mast cells resting, which provides the potential for personalized outcome prediction and the development of new therapies in the UM population.