cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Periodic Fast Radio Bursts as a Probe of Extragalactic Asteroid Belts
Creators: name: Dai, Z. G.
name: Zhong, S. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The periodic activity of repeating fast radio burst (FRB) 180916.J0158+65 was recently reported by the CHIME/FRB Collaboration team. 28 bursts from this source not only show a $\sim16$-day period with an active phase of $\sim 4.0$ days but also exhibit a broken power law in differential energy distribution. In this paper, we suggest that FRB 180916.J0158+65-like periodic FRBs would provide a unique probe of extragalactic asteroid belts (EABs), based on our previously-proposed pulsar-EAB impact model, in which repeating FRBs arise from an old-aged, slowly-spinning, moderately-magnetized pulsar traveling through an EAB around another stellar-mass object. These two objects form a binary and thus the observed period is in fact the orbital period. We show that this model can be used to well interpret all of the observed data of FRB 180916.J0158+65. Furthermore, we constrain the EAB's physical properties and find that (1) the outer radius of the EAB is at least an order of magnitude smaller than that of its analogue in the solar system, (2) the differential size distribution of the EAB's asteroids at small diameters (large diameters) is shallower (steeper) than that of solar-system small objects, and (3) the two belts have a comparable mass.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Neutron capture measurements at a RIA-type facility
Creators: name: Reifarth, R.
name: Haight, R. C.
name: Heil, M.
name: Kaeppeler, F.
name: Vieira, D. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutron capture cross sections of unstable isotopes are important for neutron induced nucleosynthesis as well as for technological applications. The Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) or comparable facilities will be able to produce radioactive ion beams up to 10**12 particles/s and would therefore be a suitable place for (n,g) studies on radioactive isotopes with half-lives between days and months. We propose a facility for measurements of (n,g) cross sections of unstable isotopes in the keV range suited for minimal sample masses down to 10**15 atoms, corresponding to minimum half-lives of only 10 d.
description: 25 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in NIM A
Anisotropic RKKY interactions mediated by $j=3/2$ quasiparticles in half-Heusler topological semimetal
Creators: name: Mohammadi, Reza G.
name: Moghaddam, Ali G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We theoretically explore the RKKY interaction mediated by spin-3/2 quasiparticles in half-Heusler topological semimetals in quasi-two-dimensional geometries. We find that while the Kohn-Luttinger terms gives rise to generalized Heisenberg coupling of the form ${\cal H}_{\rm RKKY} \propto σ_{1,i} {\cal I}_{ij} σ_{2,j}$ with a symmetric matrix ${\cal I}_{ij}$, addition of small antisymmetric linear spin-orbit coupling term leads to Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya (DM) coupling with an antisymmetric matrix ${\cal I}'_{ij}$. We demonstrate that besides the oscillatory dependence on the distance, all coupling strengths strongly depend on the relative orientation of the two impurities with respect to the lattice. This yields a strongly anisotropic behavior for ${\cal I}_{ij}$ such that by only rotating one impurity around another at a constant distance, we can see further oscillations of the RKKY couplings. This unprecedented effect is unique to our system which combines spin-orbit coupling with strongly anisotropic Fermi surfaces. We further find that all of the RKKY terms have two common features: a tetragonal warping in their map of spatial variations, and a complex beating pattern. Intriguingly, all these features survive in all dopings and we see them in both electron- and hole-doped cases. In addition, due to the lower dimensionality combined with the effects of different spin-orbit couplings, we see that only one symmetric off-diagonal term, ${\cal I}_{xy}$ and two DM components ${\cal I}'_{xz}$ and ${\cal I}'_{yz}$ are nonvanishing, while the remaining three off-diagonal components are identically zero. This manifests another drastic difference of RKKY interaction in half-Heusler topological semimetals compared to the electronic systems with spin-1/2 effective description.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Extension of the Color Glass Condensate Approach to Diffractive Reactions
Creators: name: Hentschinski, Martin
name: Weigert, Heribert
name: Schaefer, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an evolution equation for the Bjorken x dependence of diffractive dissociation on hadrons and nuclei at high energies. We extend the formulation of Kovchegov and Levin by relaxing the factorization assumption used there. The formulation is based on a technique used by Weigert to describe interjet energy flow. The method can be naturally extended to other exclusive observables.
Open inflationary universes in a brane world cosmology
Creators: name: del Campo, Sergio
name: Herrera, Ramon
name: Saavedra, Joel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we study a type of one-field model for open inflationary universe models in the context of the brane world models. In the scenario of a one-bubble universe model, we determine and characterize the existence of the Coleman-De Lucia instanton, together with the period of inflation after tunneling has occurred. Our results are compared to those found in the Einstein theory of Relativistic Models.
description: 8 pages, 4 Figures, accepted in Physical Review D
Sensitivities of lumbar segmental kinematics and functional tissue loads in sagittal bending to design parameters of a ball-in-socket total disc arthroplasty prosthesis
Creators: name: Chaochao Zhou
name: Willing, Ryan
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Lumbar total disc arthroplasty (TDA) is an attractive option for the treatment of spinal disorders. However, post-operative complications may cause revision surgery. In this study, an in-depth biomechanical analysis was performed to test how sensitive post-operative spinal responses in sagittal bending were to design parameters of a widely used ball-in-socket TDA design. Our simulation results revealed that lowering the intervertebral distraction, posteriorly positioning the implant, or decreasing the radius of curvature of the metal-on-polyethylene bearing surface could result in spinal responses which better matched normal spinal kinematics, but deviated further from the normal spinal tissue load-sharing pattern.
From the Circumnuclear Disk in the Galactic Center to thick, obscuring tori of AGNs
Creators: name: Vollmer, B.
name: Beckert, T.
name: Duschl, W. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare three different models of clumpy gas disk and show that the Circumnuclear Disk (CND) in the Galactic Center and a putative, geometrically thick, obscuring torus are best explained by a collisional model consisting of quasi-stable, self-gravitating clouds. Kinetic energy of clouds is gained by mass inflow and dissipated in cloud collisions. The collisions give rise to a viscosity in a spatially averaged gas dynamical picture, which connects them to angular momentum transport and mass inflow. It is found that CND and torus share the same gas physics in our description, where the mass of clouds is 20 - 50 M_sun and their density is close to the limit of disruption by tidal shear. We show that the difference between a transparent CND and an obscuring torus is the gas mass and the velocity dispersion of the clouds. A change in gas supply and the dissipation of kinetic energy can turn a torus into a CND-like structure and vice versa. Any massive torus will naturally lead to sufficiently high mass accretion rates to feed a luminous AGN. For a geometrically thick torus to obscure the view to the center even super-Eddington accretions rates with respect to the central black hole are required.
description: 9 pages, no figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Predictive modelling of disease propagation in a mobile, connected community
Creators: name: Tiwari, Ishant
name: Sarin, Pradeep
name: Parmananda, Punit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases (nlin.CG)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical results obtained from the modelling of a stochastic, highly connected and mobile community. The spread of attributes like health, disease among the community members is simulated using cellular automata on a planar 2 dimensional bounded space. With remarkably few assumptions, we are able to predict the future course of propagation of such disease as a function of time and the fine-tuning of parameters related to the interaction among the automata.
description: Updated with full model calculations. Submited to PRL
Backflow Correlations for the Electron Gas and Metallic Hydrogen
Creators: name: Holzmann, M.
name: Ceperley, D. M.
name: Pierleoni, C.
name: Esler, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We justify and evaluate backflow-threebody wavefunctions for a two component system of electrons and protons. Based on the generalized Feynman-Kacs formula, many-body perturbation theory, and band structure calculations, we analyze the use and the analytical form of the backflow function from different points of view. The resulting wavefunctions are used in Variational and Diffusion Monte Carlo calculations of the electron gas and of solid and liquid metallic hydrogen. For the electron gas, the purely analytic backflow and three-body form gives lower energies than those of previous calculations. For bcc hydrogen, analytical and optimized backflow-threebody wavefunctions lead to energies nearly as low as those from using LDA orbitals in the trial wavefunction. However, compared to wavefunctions constructed from density functional solutions, backflow wavefunctions have the advantage of only few parameters to estimate, the ability to include easily and accurately electron-electron correlations, and that they can be directly generalized from the crystal to a disordered liquid of protons.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Nuclear Magnetohydrodynamic EMP, Solar Storms, and Substorms
Creators: name: Rabinowitz, Mario
name: Meliopoulos, A. P. Sakis
name: Glytsis, Elias N.
name: Cokkinides, George J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In addition to a fast electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a high altitude nuclear burst produces a relatively slow magnetohydrodynarnic EMP (MHD EMP), whose effects are like those from solar storm geomagnetically induced currents (SS GIC). The MHD EMP electric field E < 10^-1 V/m and lasts < 10^2 sec, whereas for solar storms E > 10^-2 V/m and lasts >10^3 sec. Although the solar storm electric field is lower than MHD EMP, the solar storm effects are generally greater due to their much longer duration. Substorms produce much smaller effects than SS GIC, but occur much more frequently. This paper describes the physics of such geomagnetic disturbances and analyzes their effects.
description: 29 pages, 14 figures, 5 tables
A note on Laguerre original ODEs and Polynomials (1879)
Creators: name: Hassani, Mohamed Elmansour
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description:
: In the present note a critical discussion of two ODEs and two polynomials that have been wrongly attributed to the French mathematician Edmond Nicolas Laguerre (1834-1886) is provided. It is shown that Laguerre had nothing to do with such a wrong attribution and the actual discoverer was the Russian mathematician Nikolay Yacovlevich Sonine (1849-1915).
Masked states of an atom coupled to a standing-wave cavity mode
Creators: name: Gutiérrez-Jáuregui, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The form of the eigenstates of an atom coupled to a cavity mode displaying a three dimensional periodic profile are obtained. It is shown that the quantized motion leads to degenerate states where the atomic degrees of freedom are masked, that is, upon detection of one component of this composite system the others remain in an entangled state. When the system is extended to include drive and dissipation it is found to undergo a dissipative quantum phase transition at a critical drive amplitude. Unlike other phase transitions reported in the literature, the degeneracy prepares the system in a superposition of incompatible states upon detection of the electromagnetic field. Probing the field hints at an order above the transition point that, due to state masking, allows for atomic coherence to survive at long times.
Green is Good – The Impact of Information Nudges on the Adoption of Voluntary Green Power Plans
Creators: name: Cardella, Eric
name: Ewing, Brad
name: Williams, Ryan Blake
name: Cardella, Eric
name: Ewing, Brad
name: Williams, Ryan Blake
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Institutional and Behavioral Economics
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Renewable Energy, Green Power, Information, Nudge, Choice-based Experiment

description: A recent trend in most developed countries has been a move toward greater reliance on renewable or “green” energy sources. This is especially true in the residential sector, where voluntary green power is offered by many electric utilities. Using a choice-based, experimental survey, this paper investigates how information nudges regarding the energy efficiency, production cost, and environmental impacts of different sources of power generation impact consumers’ preferences for adopting voluntary green-power plans. We systematically vary whether respondents receive positive and/or negative information about either the green plan or the gray plan, or neutral information as a control. As part of the design, we also vary the price premium of the green plan across choice scenarios. Based on two different participant samples totaling over 1,800 respondents and 21,000 plan choices, our results suggest that information nudges significantly impact respondents’ choice of plan. In particular, promoting the advantages of the green plan significantly increases green plan adoption, while promoting the disadvantages of the gray plan also significantly increases green plan adoption, and to a similar extent. Moreover, the documented effects of information nudges are robust across different price premiums for the green plan. Lastly, we show that the magnitudes of the information nudges are sizable and roughly equivalent to a change in the price premium of $5/month. Our results have clear energy policy and green power marketing implications of a plausible, economical, and effective mechanism to increase residential adoption of green-power plans.
title: Becoming the Breath of Ram : the life and teachings of Neem Karoli Baba
Creators: name: Langmuur, Katya
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: This thesis examines the life and teachings of twentieth-century northern Indian guru, Neem Karoli Baba. The guru was an exceptionally elusive character both in tenns of temperament and of what may be established about him. Aside from hagiographical sources (almost all composed since his death in 1973), very little substantive evidence remains through which to evaluate him or his preceptorial career. This notwithstanding, certain aspects may be established with greater surety. Firstly, Neem Karoli Baba was a highly charismatic preceptor. Secondly, whilst standing apart from any acknowledged vaisnava lineage, he was part of the Hindu bhakti guru tradition. Thirdly, as his community consistently assert, he displayed a clear predilection for stories of Ram and Hanuman. With so little that is known or knowable about Neem Karoli Baba, it proves fruitful to locate him within an awareness of these three factors and to appraise the motivations and workings of his satsang for promoting him in this light. Following an introduction in Part One to the method and orientation employed here, the mythical figure ofHanumlin is shown to represent the intennediary between the celestial and worldly realms. The Hindu guru tradition attributes a similar mediatory function to its human exemplars. Part Two assesses this convention, introduces Neem Karoli Baba as a proponent of it and evaluates the role(s) of the community that succeeds him in relation to it. Closer consideration of the guru is offered in Part Three in which a biographical study is followed by analysis of his disciplic interaction and pedagogic modalities. The thesis concludes with an examination of the Western satsang that arose in the final years of his life, whose members include Ram Dass and Larry Brilliant. In this thesis, the initial charisma of the guru and the community's attempts to concretise its force are observed as a dynamic interplay that continues to infonn the current movement and that offers a contribution to the contemporary East-West religious dialogue.
Compositions of random transpositions
Creators: name: Schramm, Oded
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60J15; 20B30; 60K35; 60C05

description: Let $Y=(y_1,y_2,...)$, $y_1\ge y_2\ge...$, be the list of sizes of the cycles in the composition of $c n$ transpositions on the set $\{1,2,...,n\}$. We prove that if $c>1/2$ is constant and $n\to\infty$, the distribution of $f(c)Y/n$ converges to PD(1), the Poisson-Dirichlet distribution with paramenter 1, where the function $f$ is known explicitly. A new proof is presented of the theorem by Diaconis, Mayer-Wolf, Zeitouni and Zerner stating that the PD(1) measure is the unique invariant measure for the uniform coagulation-fragmentation process.
description: Version includes a correction in the proof of Lemma 3.3
Life cycle assessment of the George F. Curtis Addition Building
Creators: name: Dawe, Amie
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: The George F.Curtis Addition Building (Curtis Addition) was constructed in 1972 on the University of British Columbia and serves as an academic and office space for the UBC Faculty of Law and its students. A whole building life cycle assessment was conducted on the concrete 75,195 square foot building using structural and architectural drawings. A material quantity takeoff was performed using On Center's OnScreen Takeoff software, and the building was modeled in Athena's Impact Estimator (IE) to generate a bill of materials and summary measures. The materials contributing most significantly to the building make-up are ballast, roofing asphalt, Type III glass felt, 5/8" gypsum board and #15 organic felt; mostly components of the built-up roof. Concrete and rebar comprise the majority of the structure's volume, and have the largest impact on the building's impact assessment profile, as determined by a sensitivity analysis. The Curtis Addition,when compared to the average UBC academic building,was found to have larger impacts in all category measures except for ozone depletion potential. The less environmentally-friendly building profile is most likely a result of the vast use of concrete and a built-up roof. Energy models of the existing Curtis Addition building and an 'improved' version, based on REAP's minimum insulation standards, were created. Comparison of the models revealed an energy payback period of 1.5 years. This life cycle assessment of the manufacturing and construction phases of the Curtis Addition Building enables quantification of its environmental impacts and showcases the broad applications of building LCAs. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Mapping the Interplanetary Filesystem
Creators: name: Henningsen, Sebastian
name: Florian, Martin
name: Rust, Sebastian
name: Scheuermann, Björn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Interplanetary Filesystem (IPFS) is a distributed data storage service frequently used by blockchain applications and for sharing content in a censorship-resistant manner. Data is distributed within an open set of peers using a Kademlia-based distributed hash table (DHT). In this paper, we study the structure of the resulting overlay network, as it significantly influences the robustness and performance of IPFS. We monitor and systematically crawl IPFS' DHT towards mapping the IPFS overlay network. Our measurements found an average of 44474 nodes at every given time. At least 52.19% of these reside behind a NAT and are not reachable from the outside, suggesting that a large share of the network is operated by private individuals on an as-needed basis. Based on our measurements and our analysis of the IPFS code, we conclude that the topology of the IPFS network is, in its current state, closer to an unstructured overlay network than it is to a classical DHT. While such a structure has benefits for robustness and the resistance against Sybil attacks, it leaves room for improvement in terms of performance and query privacy.
description: The code can be found at https://github.com/scriptkitty/ipfs-crawler
How runaway stars boost galactic outflows
Creators: name: Andersson, Eric P.
name: Agertz, Oscar
name: Renaud, Florent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Roughly ten per cent of OB stars are kicked out of their natal clusters before ending their life as supernovae. These so-called runaway stars can travel hundreds of parsecs into the low-density interstellar medium, where momentum and energy from stellar feedback is efficiently deposited. In this work we explore how this mechanism affects large scale properties of the galaxy, such as outflows. To do so we use a new model which treats OB stars and their associated feedback processes on a star-by-star basis. With this model we compare two hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-like galaxies, one where we include runaways, and one where we ignore them. Including runaway stars leads to twice as many supernovae explosions in regions with gas densities ranging from 1e-5 cm^-3 to 1e-3 cm^-3. This results in more efficient heating of the inter-arm regions, and drives strong galactic winds with mass loading factors boosted by up to one order of magnitude. These outflows produce a more massive and extended multi-phase circumgalactic medium, as well as a population of dense clouds in the halo. Conversely, since less energy and momentum is released in the dense star forming regions, the cold phase of the interstellar medium is less disturbed by feedback effects.
description: 14 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS, minor changes to text
title: An Investigation Into the Nature and Quality of Children's Experiences of Group Composing in the Secondary Classroom Based on the Concept of Flow
Creators: name: Preston, Catherine Anne
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2010

description: In music lessons in UK schools pupils are encouraged to develop their skills, knowledge and understanding in activities that are designed to integrate three broad areas; performance, composing and listening. Lessons are structured to include group work which has become the norm in many secondary classrooms. Collaborative musical participation generally involves pupils working together unsupervised for extended periods and gives them a high level of responsibility and autonomy to achieve the set objectives. Although many pupils have developed the musical skills, they are not always given enough guidance in how to apply them in collaborative contexts. At the same time, very little empirical research investigates the effectiveness of group work. This thesis investigates pupils’ experiences of group composing applying the concept of flow. Flow, also termed optimal experience, is ‘a subjective state that people report when they are completely involved in something to the point of losing track of time and of being unaware of everything else but the activity itself (Csikszentmihalyi, Rathunde and Whalen, 1997, pg 14). Investigating flow provides insights into the quality of experience. In the music classroom, investigating flow can provide insights into the situated nature of pupils’ experiences of collaborative work. The empirical context for the research is two secondary schools in the North-West of England. A mixed-methods research design provided insights into self-reports of flow experience using the Experience Sampling Method and also involved qualitative analysis of group talk. The findings reveal how more pupils experienced flow when the main activity was group composing and that those in flow influenced the quality of talk in the group. Overall, this study contributes to increased understandings of how pupils experience music lessons and in particular, how the quality of their experience in group work can be improved by recognising and understanding the importance of ‘speaking though music’.
Computational optimization of convolutional neural networks using separated filters architecture
Creators: name: Limonova, Elena
name: Sheshkus, Alexander
name: Nikolaev, Dmitry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 68T10

description: This paper considers a convolutional neural network transformation that reduces computation complexity and thus speedups neural network processing. Usage of convolutional neural networks (CNN) is the standard approach to image recognition despite the fact they can be too computationally demanding, for example for recognition on mobile platforms or in embedded systems. In this paper we propose CNN structure transformation which expresses 2D convolution filters as a linear combination of separable filters. It allows to obtain separated convolutional filters by standard training algorithms. We study the computation efficiency of this structure transformation and suggest fast implementation easily handled by CPU or GPU. We demonstrate that CNNs designed for letter and digit recognition of proposed structure show 15% speedup without accuracy loss in industrial image recognition system. In conclusion, we discuss the question of possible accuracy decrease and the application of proposed transformation to different recognition problems. convolutional neural networks, computational optimization, separable filters, complexity reduction.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Hamiltonian formalism of the Landau-Lifschitz equation for a spin chain with full anisotropy
Creators: name: Huang, Nian-Ning
name: Cai, Hao
name: Yan, Tian
name: Xu, Fan-Rong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian formalism of the Landau-Lifschitz equation for a spin chain with full anisotropy is formulated completely, which constructs a stable base for further investigations.
description: 11pages
Economic Risk Analysis of Rice Cultivars under Organic and Conventional Management
Creators: name: Watkins, K. Bradley
name: Mane, Ranjitsinh U.
name: McClung, Anna
name: Watkins, K. Bradley
name: Mane, Ranjitsinh U.
name: McClung, Anna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: certainty equivalent, conventional, cultivar, organic, net returns, rice

description: Several studies evaluate the agronomics of crop cultivars grown under both organic and conventional management. Most studies focus on yield differences or mean yield rankings between conventional and organic management. Their findings have been mixed for the most part. None of these studies use economic analysis to identify the best cultivars for either system. This study uses simulation and stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) to obtain ordinal rankings of rice cultivars for both organic and conventional management based on risk efficiency. The SERF analysis reveals the most dominant cultivars grown under conventional management do not match the most dominant cultivars grown under organic management. These results imply that rice cultivars ideal for conventional systems may not be ideal for organic systems, and that rice cultivars used in organic production systems should be adapted to organic rather than conventional management.
First-principles calculation of electroweak box diagrams from lattice QCD
Creators: name: Feng, Xu
name: Gorchtein, Mikhail
name: Jin, Lu-Chang
name: Ma, Peng-Xiang
name: Seng, Chien-Yeah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first realistic lattice QCD calculation of the $γW$-box diagrams relevant for beta decays. The nonperturbative low-momentum integral of the $γW$ loop is calculated using a lattice QCD simulation, complemented by the perturbative QCD result at high momenta. Using the pion semileptonic decay as an example, we demonstrate the feasibility of the method. By using domain wall fermions at the physical pion mass with multiple lattice spacings and volumes, we obtain the axial $γW$-box correction to the semileptonic pion decay, $\Box_{γW}^{VA}\big|_π=2.830(11)_{\mathrm{stat}}(26)_{\mathrm{sys}}\times10^{-3}$, with the total uncertainty controlled at the level of $\sim1$\%. This study sheds light on the first-principles computation of the $γW$-box correction to the neutron decay, which plays a decisive role in the determination of $|V_{ud}|$.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures; v2, accepted for publication in PRL
Simulation-based optimization of a multilayer 10B-RPC thermal neutron detector
Creators: name: Morozov, A.
name: Margato, L. M. S.
name: Stefanescu, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Monte Carlo simulation-based optimization of a multilayer 10B-RPC thermal neutron detector is performed targeting an increase in the counting rate capability while maintaining high (>50%) detection efficiency for thermal neutrons. The converter layer thicknesses of individual RPCs are optimized for several configurations of a detector containing a stack of 10 double gap RPCs. The results suggest that it is possible to reach a counting rate which is by a factor of eight higher in comparison to the rate of a detector with only one double-gap RPC. The effect of neutron scattering inside the detector contributing to the background is analyzed and design modifications of the first detector prototype, tested at neutron beam, are suggested.
title: The story of my life : virtue, character and narrative
Creators: name: Grover, Lisa
Publisher: name: University of Kent
Year: 2022

description: The primary aim of this research is to develop a new philosophical analysis of the concept of character that reflects the complexity of people and meets the demands of moral explanation. It places the agent's particular perspective and the wider context at the centre of moral judgement. The reason for undertaking this project is to establish an account of morality that is not in conflict with discoveries in empirical psychology. It responds to the challenge that the situation usually has the explanatory role and that character traits rarely function as explanations for action. It argues that the best interpretation of the situationist position is that reasons would have to be features of the situation to separate the situationist argument from behaviourism. However, it argues that this would then commit the situationist to a controversial theory of action where what explains an action need not obtain. It argues that to evaluate a person or his action properly we need to tell an explanatory story and that this narrative construction is what best reflects the richness and complexity involved. It further argues that an adequate attribution of character to an individual will also take narrative form. Hence character traits can explain action because a narrative explanation of why an individual acted in a certain way can also be an explanation of why a certain character can be attributed to that person. It argues that narrative has central importance in the attribution of character traits because the narrative structure gives us an understanding of character that cannot be gained from a non-narrative presentation of the actions and events. This additional knowledge connects with the emotions important to moral evaluation of persons and actions.
Variable electrostatic transformer: controllable coupling of two charge qubits
Creators: name: Averin, D. V.
name: Bruder, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and investigate a novel method for the controlled coupling of two Josephson charge qubits by means of a variable electrostatic transformer. The value of the coupling capacitance is given by the discretized curvature of the lowest energy band of a Josephson junction, which can be positive, negative, or zero. We calculate the charging diagram of the two-qubit system that reflects the transition from positive to negative through vanishing coupling. We also discuss how to construct a phase gate making use of the controllable coupling.
description: final version, to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
title: Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica Typhi in Asia
Creators: name: Tran, Thuy Chau
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2010

description: Antimicrobial resistance is a major problem in the treatment of typhoid fever; a systemic human infection caused by Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi). The co-existence of multidrug resistant and fluoroquinolone resistant S. Typhi isolates is increasingly common. Therefore, it is essential to understand the molecular mechanisms and the epidemiology of antimicrobial resistant S. Typhi in endemic countries such as Viet Nam. A cross section of S. Typhi strains isolated from 8 Asian countries and a Vietnamese S. Typhi collection were investigated for antimicrobial resistance patterns. Molecular approaches were used to identify the mechanisms of (fluoro)quinolone resistance in S. Typhi isolates. Specific phenotypic characteristics of each of the naturally mutations were assessed in S. Typhi isolates that were reconstructed in an isogenic strain. The antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of both wild type and reconstructed mutants were calculated using antimicrobial susceptibility tests and time-kill experiments. To predict the relative fitness of these mutants, the strains were subjected to independent and competitive growth assays. Finally, we developed a molecular epidemiological tool which was used to genotype and identify fluoroquinolone resistant S. Typhi strains circulating in Asia. The findings of this study show that antimicrobial resistant S. Typhi is continuing problem in Asian countries, especially in Viet Nam. Fluoroquinolone resistance in S. Typhi is caused by mutations in specific locations of the gyrA and parC genes. The majority of reconstructed mutants had a selective growth advantage when placed in competition with a non-mutant S. Typhi strain. Strains that had the highest level of fluoroquinolone resistance had a selective disadvantage. We conclude that S. Typhi haplotype H58 with associated nalidixic acid resistance is dominant across Asian countries.
FINANCING AGRICULTURE - CHALLENGES TO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
Die finansiering van die landbousektor - Uitdagings aan finansiele instellings
Creators: name: Coetzee, Gerhard
name: Coetzee, Gerhard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Financial Economics

description: The agricultural sector is in a process of change. The sector is seen as one sector encompassing all farmers in South Africa. An inequitable approach was followed in the past in supporting the sector, especially regarding the provision of financial services. The needs and participants in the sector and the different financial institutions are discussed and the inequitable approach is reiterated. The challenges to the financial institutions servicing agriculture are highlighted, that is a change in approach towards agricultural policy, interest rates, transaction costs, regulations and financial services. Changes needed are proposed. It basically entails changing the mind-set of the institutions. In the targeting of services, the role of public sector institutions will also include a high priority servicing of the previously ignored farmers in the sector. In considering the whole agricultural sector, unco-ordinated an inequitable approaches of the past will be excluded. The challenge however is to redress the inequities of the past, while at the same time pursuing the goal of an equitable, efficient and sustainable agricultural sector.
Fluctuation spectrum and size scaling of river flow and level
Creators: name: Dahlstedt, Kajsa
name: Jensen, Henrik Jeldtoft
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the statistical properties of two large river systems: the Danube and the Mississippi. The properties of the two rivers are compared qualitatively to the general properties of a critical steady state system. Specifically, we test the recent suggestion by Bramwell, Fennell, Holdsworth and Portelli [{\it Europhys. Lett.} {\bf 57}, 310 (2002)] that a universal probability density function (PDF) exists for the fluctuations in river level, namely the Bramwell-Holdsworth-Pinton (BHP) PDF. The statistical properties investigated in this paper are: the PDF of the river flow and river level; moment scaling with basin area; moment to moment scaling or relative scaling; and power spectral properties of the data. We find that the moments of the flow scale approximately with basin area and that the seasonally adjusted flows exhibit relative moment scaling. Compared to the Mississippi, the Danube shows large deviations from spatial scaling and the power spectra show considerable dependence on system size. This might be due to water use and regulations as well as inhomogeneities in the basin area. We also find that the PDF of level data in some, but not all, cases can be qualitatively approximated by the BHP PDF. We discuss why this coincidence appears to be accidental.
description: 17 pages, 13 figures
Characterisation of key aroma compounds in Burgundy truffle
Creators: name: Andriot, Isabelle
name: Gourrat, Karine
name: Reynaud, Rémy
name: Cordelle, Sylvie
name: Peltier, Caroline
name: Berdeaux, Olivier
name: Lucchi, Géraldine
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Burgundy truffles
sensory analysis
GC-MS
PTR-ToF-MS

description: Burgundy truffle plays an important role in the region's economic market. One of the objectives of this project is to better understand the origin and diversity of Burgundy truffle aromas.
 Aroma compounds of Burgundy truffles were investigated with sensory evaluation (Quantitative Descriptive Analysis, QDA) and two physical-chemical methods:
 - An analysis by Dynamic HeadSpace (DHS) coupled with Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identification,
 - A new in vitro analytical method by Proton Transfer Reaction - Time of Flight - Mass Spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) to obtain an aroma mass fingerprint of all the samples.
 With these different methods, we showed that aroma compounds of truffles are different according to varieties, harvests places and seasons.
Ferromagnetism and temperature-dependent Electronic Structure of hcp Gadolinium
Creators: name: Santos, C.
name: Eyert, V.
name: Nolting, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a combination of a many-body model analysis with an ab initio band structure calculation to derive the temperature dependent electronic quasiparticle structure of the rare-earth metal Gadolinium. As a local-moment system Gd is properly represented by the ferromagnetic (multiband) Kondo-lattice model (s-f (d-f) model). The single-particle part of the model-Hamiltonian is taken from an augmented spherical wave (ASW) band calculation. The proposed method avoids the double counting of relevant interactions by exploiting an exact limiting case of the model and takes into account the correct symmetry of atomic orbitals. The a priori only weakly correlated 5d conduction bands get via interband exchange coupling to the localized 4f levels a distinct temperature dependence which explains by a Rudermann-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) -type mechanism the ferromagnetism of Gd. We get a self-consistently derived Curie temperature of 294.1 K and a T=0-moment of 7.71 $μ_{\rm B}$, surprisingly close to the experimental values. The striking induced temperature-dependence of the 5d conduction bands explains respective photoemission data. The only parameter of the theory (interband exchange coupling J) is uniquely fixed by the band calculation.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
'N EMPIRIESE GEVALLESTUDIE VAN BEDRITSGROOTTEVOORDELE IN DIE VAALHARTSBESPROEIINGSGEBIED
An empirical study of economies of scale in the Vaalharts Irrigation Area
Creators: name: Callow, A.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Sartorius Von Bach, H. J.
name: Groenewald, J. A.
name: Callow, A.
name: Van Zyl, J.
name: Sartorius Von Bach, H. J.
name: Groenewald, J. A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Production Economics
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: The Act on Subdivision of Agricultural Land (Act 70 of 1970) pronibits the subdivision of agricultural land in South Africa's commercial areas into "uneconomic" units. In a new dispensation optimal, rather than minimum farm sizes should be pursued. The optimal farm size is theoretically not the same for any two farmers. The better manager will have the larger farm over the long run. The above principle was empirically tested in the Vaalharts Irrigation area by means of cross sectional regression equations with gross income as dependent variable. The result confirms the following: i) If management is ignored, constant returns to size is encountered; and ii) when managerial quality is however included in the model as independent variable, increasing returns to scale is found. This result thus supports the theory and a general conclusion is that optimal farm size is a function of management.
Beyond series expansions: mathematical structures for the susceptibility of the square lattice Ising model
Creators: name: Zenine, N.
name: Boukraa, S.
name: Hassani, S.
name: Maillard, J. -M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We first study the properties of the Fuchsian ordinary differential equations for the three and four-particle contributions $ χ^{(3)}$ and $ χ^{(4)}$ of the square lattice Ising model susceptibility. An analysis of some mathematical properties of these Fuchsian differential equations is sketched. For instance, we study the factorization properties of the corresponding linear differential operators, and consider the singularities of the three and four-particle contributions $ χ^{(3)}$ and $ χ^{(4)}$, versus the singularities of the associated Fuchsian ordinary differential equations, which actually exhibit new ``Landau-like'' singularities. We sketch the analysis of the corresponding differential Galois groups. In particular we provide a simple, but efficient, method to calculate the so-called ``connection matrices'' (between two neighboring singularities) and deduce the singular behaviors of $ χ^{(3)}$ and $ χ^{(4)}$. We provide a set of comments and speculations on the Fuchsian ordinary differential equations associated with the $ n$-particle contributions $ χ^{(n)}$ and address the problem of the apparent discrepancy between such a holonomic approach and some scaling results deduced from a Painlevé oriented approach.
description: 21 pages Proceedings of the Counting Complexity conference
DIE GEBRUIK VAN DIE INSET-UITSETTEGNIEK OM DIE TOTALE EKONOMIESE GEVOLGE VAN WATERBEPERKINGS VIR GEBRUIKERS VAN VAALRIVIERWATER TE BEPAAL
Creators: name: Botha, S. J.
name: Viljoen, M. F.
name: Botha, S. J.
name: Viljoen, M. F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Below average rainfall that occurred over wide-spread areas in the RSA during the second half of the seventies caused critically low water levels in certain storage dams. The Department of Water Affairs has therefore been compelled (since March 1983) to introduce water restrictions in various areas. The direct financial consequences of the water restrictions on several sectors and areas were determined during an initial study. In order to determine the total financial consequences of the water restrictions on all sectors within the Vaal River water supply area, the input-output technique was applied dur;.ng a further study. With this technique, which takes into account the interdependency between sectors, the impact of water restrictions on the total region was determined. The regional input-output model is discussed in the paper. The composition of the total impact per sector and for the area as a whole is also analysed, and the value of water for the various sectors during water shortage situations is indicated. This information can be used inter alia to divide water optimally among sectors and consumers during shortage situations.