cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unified first law of black-hole dynamics and relativistic thermodynamics
Creators: name: Hayward, Sean A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A unified first law of black-hole dynamics and relativistic thermodynamics is derived in spherically symmetric general relativity. This equation expresses the gradient of the active gravitational energy E according to the Einstein equation, divided into energy-supply and work terms. Projecting the equation along the flow of thermodynamic matter and along the trapping horizon of a blackhole yield, respectively, first laws of relativistic thermodynamics and black-hole dynamics. In the black-hole case, this first law has the same form as the first law of black-hole statics, with static perturbations replaced by the derivative along the horizon. There is the expected term involving the area and surface gravity, where the dynamic surface gravity is defined as in the static case but using the Kodama vector and trapping horizon. This surface gravity vanishes for degenerate trapping horizons and satisfies certain expected inequalities involving the area and energy. In the thermodynamic case, the quasi-local first law has the same form, apart from a relativistic factor, as the classical first law of thermodynamics, involving heat supply and hydrodynamic work, but with E replacing the internal energy. Expanding E in the Newtonian limit shows that it incorporates the Newtonian mass, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy and thermal energy. There is also a weak type of unified zeroth law: a Gibbs-like definition of thermal equilibrium requires constancy of an effective temperature, generalising the Tolman condition and the particular case of Hawking radiation, while gravithermal equilibrium further requires constancy of surface gravity. Finally, it is suggested that the energy operator of spherically symmetric quantum gravity is determined by the Kodama vector, which encodes a dynamic time related to E.
description: 18 pages, TeX, expanded somewhat, to appear in Class. Quantum Grav
The Voices of Street Educators Working for the Successful Trajectory of Girls in Street Situations: A Rights-Based Approach
Creators: Mills, Melody
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Human rights
Street children
Street children--Education
Street children--Services for
Girls
Girls--Education
Homeless girls
Girls--Services for

description: The United Nations defines a street child as “any boy or girl for whom the street in the widest sense of the word has become his or her habitual abode and/or source of livelihood, and who is inadequately protected, supervised or directed by responsible adults” (OHCHR, 2012). Most research on street children is focused on boys, the more visible gender, however street girls are at a higher risk. When these children go through non-governmental organization (NGO) services and are later reintegrated into society, many remain marginalized because they continue to live outside the economic, educational, and social standards of society. Therefore, it is important to consider and learn from the trajectory of success stories. The strengths these children have to endure major life events and trauma all on their own at such a young age is remarkable and yet rarely discussed when analyzing literature on street children. In order to realize rights, it is essential to recognize what ‘doing well’ means functionally. This is an exploratory study, researching how street-educators describe good and bad trajectories for girls in street situations. It is qualitative and not meant to generalize, but rather to focus on the case study microcosms of the street-child NGOs visited in Peru and Brazil. This research refers to the human rights framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). In addition, it compares it to two domestic laws in Peru and Brazil, and analyzes to what extent the responses from these NGOs are grounded in this rights-based approach. This research observes how these rights are operationalized in the work of street-educators with street girls. This pilot research explores the perceptions of street educators on the successful trajectory for girls in street situations. This is in order to analyze how their vision is reflected and implemented in helping these girls better realize their rights. Common themes discussed in this paper include the right to love, right to hope, self-esteem, resilience, the female position, the role of street educators, and the need for more comprehensive help and resources in this field.
The Wagnerian Novel: Iterations of the Gesamtkunstwerk in Prose
Creators: Rhodes, Jennifer Gillespie
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Comparative literature
Music
Literature, Modern

description: This dissertation traces Richard Wagner’s influence on the twentieth century Western European novel. Through a close reading of three monumental works: Gabriele d’Annunzio’s Il fuoco (1900), Marcel Proust’s À la recherche du temps perdu (1913-1927), and Thomas Mann’s Doctor Faustus: The story of the German composer Adrian Leverkühn, as told by a friend (1947), I argue that Wagner’s artistic and theoretical legacy helps set the course for modernist prose. By investigating the vast webs of intertextual references present in these works, this project examines how novelists manipulate multimedia collage, autobiographical incursion, and narrative silence to replicate the ideal of the Gesamtkunstwerk, or “Total Work of Art” both championed by Richard Wagner in his early theoretical manifesti and deployed, in evolving ways, throughout the composer’s life. I argue that, rather than creating simple allusions to the Wagnerian ideal across media, d’Annunzio, Proust, and Mann strive to reproduce the full spectrum of Wagner’s biographical and operatic spectacle within the confines of the printed page. In so doing, they pioneer revolutionary prose techniques that bring Wagner’s innovations to an audience far beyond the walls of the opera house.
Ghosts as Negative Spinors
Creators: name: van Tonder, Andre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the the properties of a BRST ghost degree of freedom complementary to a two-state spinor. We show that the ghost may be regarded as a unit carrier of negative entropy. We construct an irreducible representation of the su(2) Lie algebra with negative spin, equal to -1/2, on the ghost state space and discuss the representation of finite SU(2) group elements. The Casimir operator J^2 of the combined spinor-ghost system is nilpotent and coincides with the BRST operator Q. Using this, we discuss the sense in which the positive and negative spin representations cancel in the product to give an effectively trivial representation. We compute an effective dimension, equal to 1/2, and character for the ghost representation and argue that these are consistent with this cancellation.
description: 20 pages, no figures, Latex2e
The Turing Way: A Handbook for Reproducible Data Science
Creators: name: Ainsworth, Rachael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Open Science
Reproducible Research
Data Science

description: Demo presentation of the Turing Way at the 2019 Open Science Fair. Abstract: The Turing Way is a handbook to support students, their supervisors, funders and journal editors in ensuring that reproducible data science is "too easy not to do" (https://the-turing-way.netlify.com). It includes training material on topics such as version control and analysis testing, and will build upon Alan Turing Institute case studies and workshops. The project also demonstrates open and transparent project management and communication with future users, as it is openly developed at our GitHub repository: https://github.com/alan-turing-institute/the-turing-way. All resources associated with workshops we have delivered, as well as how to organise a Book Dash (a one-day book sprint), are also openly available. Reproducible research is necessary to ensure that scientific work can be trusted. Funders and publishers are beginning to require that publications include access to the underlying data and the analysis code. The goal is to ensure that all results can be independently verified and built upon in future work, which is sometimes easier said than done. Sharing these research outputs means understanding data management, library sciences, software development, and continuous integration techniques: skills that are not widely taught or expected of academic researchers and data scientists. During this session, we will lead a collaborative review of the handbook so far and show Open Science Fair participants how they can contribute their knowledge to make it even better going forwards or how to open up their own projects to a wider contributor community. This demo relates to the overall theme of the conference, as the Turing Way provides the tools to improve research habits in a self-contained handbook. It will also ensure that PhD students, postdocs, PIs and funding teams know which parts of the "responsibility of reproducibility" they can affect, and what they should do to nudge research and data science to being more efficient, effective and understandable.
Opuntieae
Creators: name: Walter, Helmut E.
name: Guerrero, Pablo C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Cactaceae

description: Tribe Opuntieae:
 —The membership of the two Chilean genera (Miqueliopuntia Frič ex F.Ritter and Tunilla D.Hunt & Iliff) in the Opuntieae is corroborated by various studies (e.g. Wallace & Dickie 2002, Griffith & Porter 2009, Majure et al. 2012).
description: Published as part of Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C., 2022, Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy, pp. 79-98 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 82, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6641038
Phase diagrams of a 2D Ising spin-pseudospin model
Creators: name: Panov, Yu. D.
name: Ulitko, V. A.
name: Budrin, K. S.
name: Chikov, A. A.
name: Moskvin, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the competition of magnetic and charge ordering in high-Tc cuprates within the framework of the simplified static 2D spin-pseudospin model. This model is equivalent to the 2D dilute antiferromagnetic (AFM) Ising model with charged impurities. We present the mean-field results for the system under study and make a brief comparison with classical Monte Carlo (MC) calculations. Numerical simulations show that the cases of strong exchange and strong charge correlation differ qualitatively. For a strong exchange, the AFM phase is unstable with respect to the phase separation (PS) into the charge and spin subsystems, which behave like immiscible quantum liquids. An analytical expression was obtained for the PS temperature.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures
Learning, competition and cooperation in simple games
Creators: name: de Cara, M. A. R.
name: Pla, O.
name: Guinea, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The minority model was introduced to study the competition between agents with limited information. It has the remarkable feature that, as the amount of information available increases, the collective gain made by the agents is reduced. This crowd effect arises from the fact that only a minority can profit at each moment, while all agents make their choices using the same input. We show that the properties of the model change drastically if the agents make choices based on their individual stories, keeping all remaining rules unaltered. This variation reduces the intrinsic frustration of the model, and improves the tendency towards cooperation and self organization. We finally study the stable mixing of individual and collective behavior.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
The role of type I interferon signaling in early dacryoadenitis in the nonobese diabetic mouse model of Sjögren’s disease
Creators: name: Jones, Merri-Grace
Publisher: name: University of Iowa
Year: 2026

description: Sjögren’s Disease is a debilitating autoimmune disease of the lacrimal and salivary glands. As disease progresses, immune cells infiltrate and aggregate in the glands resulting in destruction of the tissue. Nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice spontaneously develop salivary and lacrimal gland autoimmunity with histopathology similar to human disease. Previous work has demonstrated that disruption of the type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway protects NOD mice from developing lacrimal gland disease. To better understand the role of type I IFN signaling on lacrimal gland disease, I utilized whole tissue RNA sequencing data from the lacrimal gland of wild-type and IFNAR1 KO NOD mice. I determined that many innate and adaptive immune pathways are upregulated downstream of type I IFN signaling including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, chemokine signaling and antigen processing and presentation.
description: While these data demonstrated that both innate and adaptive pathways are impacted by type I IFN signaling, it was not known which immune subsets express the IFNAR1 receptor in early lacrimal gland disease. I utilized machine learning to perform dimensionality reduction of high parameter flow cytometry data using a t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding plugin to visualize the dynamic immune landscape of the lacrimal gland. I showed that IFNAR1 was ubiquitously expressed by many immune sets to varying degrees in the lacrimal glands. I showed that B lymphocytes enter the glands by 4 weeks of age and can express IFNAR1. While it was known that B cells are involved in the production of autoantibodies in later stages of disease, I demonstrated that there is a lymphocyte-intrinsic role for type I IFN signaling in the pathogenesis of lacrimal gland disease and through adoptive transfer studies determined that type I IFN signaling shapes B cell pathogenicity and phenotype. Taken together, these results broaden our understanding of the role of type I IFN signaling in lacrimal gland disease.
Resistive evolution of toroidal field configurations and their relation to magnetic clouds
Creators: name: Smiet, Christopher B.
name: de Blank, Hugo J.
name: de Jong, Tobias A.
name: Kok, David N. L.
name: Bouwmeester, Dirk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the resistive evolution of a localized self-organizing magnetohydrodynamic equilibrium. In this configuration the magnetic forces are balanced by a pressure force caused by a toroidal depression in the pressure. Equilibrium is attained when this low pressure region prevents further expansion into the higher-pressure external plasma. We find that, for the parameters investigated, the resistive evolution of the structures follows a universal pattern when rescaled to resistive time. The finite resistivity causes both a decrease in the magnetic field strength and a finite slip of the plasma fluid against the static equilibrium. This slip is caused by a Pfirsch-Schlüter type diffusion, similar to what is seen in tokamak equilibria. The net effect is that the configuration remains in Magnetostatic equilibrium whilst it slowly grows in size. The rotational transform of the structure becomes nearly constant throughout the entire structure, and decreases according to a power law. In simulations this equilibrium is observed when highly tangled field lines relax in a high-pressure (relative to the magnetic field strength) environment, a situation that occurs when the twisted field of a coronal loop is ejected into the interplanetary solar wind. In this paper we relate this localized MHD equilibrium to magnetic clouds in the solar wind.
description: accepted for publication in Journal of Plasma Physics
A New Class of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians with Real Spectra
Creators: name: Cannata, F.
name: Ioffe, M.
name: Roychoudhury, R.
name: Roy, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate complex PT-symmetric potentials, associated with quasi-exactly solvable non-hermitian models involving polynomials and a class of rational functions. We also look for special solutions of intertwining relations of SUSY Quantum Mechanics providing a partnership between a real and a complex PT-symmetric potential of the kind mentioned above. We investigate conditions sufficient to ensure the reality of the full spectrum or, for the quasi-exactly solvable systems, the reality of the energy of the finite number of levels.
description: 9 pages, Latex
Sphaeropuntia Guggi
Creators: name: Walter, Helmut E.
name: Guerrero, Pablo C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Caryophyllales
Cactaceae
Sphaeropuntia

description: Sphaeropuntia Guggi:
 — Nyffeler & Eggli (2010) remarked that the exclusively West-Andean species Cumulopuntia sphaerica (C.F.Först.) F. Anderson “is unambiguously shown as a separate lineage”, as it appears in a trichotomy with Austrocylindropuntia Backeb. and Cumulopuntia F. Ritter (Wallace & Dickie, 2002). Also, in Griffith and Porter (2009) the two accessions of C. sphaerica were not placed within the C. boliviana clade, but in a strongly supported trichotomy with Austrocylindropuntia. Finally, Ritz et al. (2012) showed that the well-supported C. sphaerica clade is sister to the C. boliviana clade.
 The morphology of Sphaeropuntia support above mentioned findings. In fact this genus differs from Cumulopuntia in many character states: shrubs low, 10–15 cm high, forming loose groups <50 cm diameter (20–50 cm high, forming compact mounds 0.5–2.0 m diameter); stem segments easily despatching (not so), spherical to short ovoid (long conical to nearly cylindric), epidermis with white wax (not so), not or only slightly tuberculate (strongly tuberculate); areoles evenly dispersed all over the segment (only upper third, crowding near apex), large, 5–10 mm (small, ≤ 5mm), prominent (not so), closely set (more apart); spines 3–5 cm (3–15 cm), present on all areoles (only superior ones spiniferous); floral areoles dispersed all over pericarpel and hypantium (only rim of hypanthium); pericarpel short and broader than long (isodiametric or long); fruits globose to obconical, often broader than high (cylindric), 2.0–2.5(–3.5) cm, areoles large, spiny all over (small, spines only at rim); flank of seeds not ridged (ridges present; see also Stuppy 2002). Moreover, both occur in different habitats: Sphaeropuntia is distributed between the latitudes of 33° S and 18°S and from sea-level to the Pre-Cordillera (100–3700 m), while members of the genus Cumulopuntia are mainly distributed in the Altiplano regions (3700–4300 m). According to these findings we accept Sphaeropuntia Gucchi.
description: Published as part of Walter, Helmut E. & Guerrero, Pablo C., 2022, Towards a unified taxonomic catalogue for the Chilean cacti: assembling molecular systematics and classical taxonomy, pp. 79-98 in Phytotaxa 550 (2) on page 87, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.550.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/6641038
Inaccuracy of Spatial Derivatives in Simulations of Supersonic Turbulence
Creators: name: Pan, Liubin
name: Padoan, Paolo
name: Nordlund, Åke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the accuracy of spatial derivatives computed from numerical simulations of supersonic turbulence. Two sets of simulations, carried out using a finite-volume code that evolves the hydrodynamic equations with an approximate Riemann solver and a finite-difference code that solves the Navier-Stokes equations, are tested against a number of criteria based on the continuity equation, including exact results at statistically steady state. We find that the spatial derivatives in the Navier-Stokes runs are accurate and satisfy all the criteria. In particular, they satisfy our exact results that the conditional mean velocity divergence, $\langle \nabla \cdot {\bs u}|s\rangle$, where $s$ is the logarithm of density, and the conditional mean of the advection of $s$, $\langle {\bs u} \cdot \nabla s|s\rangle$, vanish at steady state for all density values, $s$. On the other hand, the Riemann solver simulations fail all the tests that require accurate evaluation of spatial derivatives, resulting in apparent violation of the continuity equation, even if the solver enforces mass conservation. In particular, analysis of the Riemann simulations may lead to the incorrect conclusion that the $\pdv$ work tends to preferentially convert kinetic energy into thermal energy, inconsistent with the exact result that the energy exchange by $\pdv$ work is symmetric in barotropic supersonic turbulence at steady state. The inaccuracy of spatial derivatives is a general problem in the post-processing of simulations of supersonic turbulence with Riemann solvers. Solutions from such simulations must be used with caution in post-processing studies concerning the spatial gradients.
description: Submitted to ApJ
Moving lattice kinks and pulses: an inverse method
Creators: name: Flach, S.
name: Zolotaryuk, Y.
name: Kladko, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a general mapping from given kink or pulse shaped travelling-wave solutions including their velocity to the equations of motion on one-dimensional lattices which support these solutions. We apply this mapping - by definition an inverse method - to acoustic solitons in chains with nonlinear intersite interactions, to nonlinear Klein-Gordon chains, to reaction-diffusion equations and to discrete nonlinear Schrödinger systems. Potential functions can be found in at least a unique way provided the pulse shape is reflection symmetric and pulse and kink shapes are at least $C^2$ functions. For kinks we discuss the relation of our results to the problem of a Peierls-Nabarro potential and continuous symmetries. We then generalize our method to higher dimensional lattices for reaction-diffusion systems. We find that increasing also the number of components easily allows for moving solutions.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
The Wartime Origins of Postwar Democratization: Civil War, Rebel Governance, and Political Regimes
Creators: Huang, Reyko
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Independence and Civil War (Mozambique : 1975-1994)
subject: Civil War (Tajikistan : 1992-1994)
subject: Civil War (Nepal : 1996-2006)
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
subject: International relations

description: Despite widespread depiction of civil war as a pathway to autocracy or state failure, the empirical record shows significant variation in post-civil war states' regime trajectories. While some states settled into durable authoritarianism, others went on to enter the ranks of electoral democracies shortly after belligerents laid down their arms. What explains this variation? In the extreme, how is it that a state that is staunchly autocratic at the war's outbreak can emerge from it a nascent democracy? This study proposes that post-civil war regime outcomes have wartime origins. Differences in the nature of rebel governance of civilians generate different social and institutional legacies across civil wars. These legacies can endure into peacetime politics, affecting the latter in often unintended ways. The theory centers on two wartime transformations that result from different forms of rebel governance. First, where rebels depend heavily on civilian material support, civilians become mobilized as a political force. Widespread social mobilization can in turn create political pressures on postwar elites to respond with a democratization strategy. Second, where rebel groups engage in extensive wartime "statebuilding," they create formal and informal institutions of governance which they can carry over into postwar politics should they prevail in the war. Because institutions are sticky, how they govern civilians in times of war can affect how they will govern in times of peace. These arguments are tested using both quantitative and qualitative methods. An original cross-national dataset on rebel governance for all civil wars ending between 1950 and 2006 serves as the basis, first, for a novel empirical analysis of rebel governance in civil war, then for statistical tests of the theory. To further probe the theory's causal claims, the study engages in an in-depth analysis of the Nepalese civil war and its political aftermath based on field interviews. The theory is further tested in a comparative analysis of the Ugandan, Tajik, and Mozambican civil wars. Together, empirical findings show that rebel governance in civil war can catalyze significant social and political change, with enduring impacts on postwar political regimes. The study offers theoretical and practical implications for our understanding of, and response to, the politics of violent rebellion and its effects on regime development.
The Way of Darkness and Light: Daoist Divine Women in Pre-Modern Chinese Fiction
Creators: Liu, Peng
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Chinese literature
Religion
Women's studies
Taoism
Femininity in literature

description: A mysterious goddess magically generates a swirling wind to conceal the body of a hero. A licentious flower deity seduces a male to experiment with forty-three postures of copulation in a picturesque garden. Such graphic details of late imperial Chinese fiction exhibit two types of power from women: their martial prowess and seductiveness. This dissertation brings these two types of female power together by focusing on the Mysterious Woman (Xuannü 玄女) and the Immaculate Woman (Sunü 素女), two Daoist goddesses who figure prominently in martial arts and erotic stories, respectively. I argue that after being marginalized by institutionalized Daoism, these goddesses played a pivotal role in framing two different, though occasionally interrelated, types of novels. One type of novel concerns war and public affairs, including dynastic crises; the other type concerns domestic life, as exemplified in erotic fiction. The metaphor that equates sex with war relates these two types of stories. I consider these fictional texts to be powerful agents that reused and reinterpreted the goddesses’ stories in late imperial China. I also situate these texts in the cultural network within which they constructed or reconstructed the goddesses’ images in collaboration with Daoist discourse. In this research, I also examine how femininity (yin 陰) is constructed in late imperial Chinese fiction. As I argue, the ideas of invisibility (yin 隱) and licentiousness (yin 淫) constitute the notion of femininity. The Mysterious Woman demonstrates the power of invisibility when being portrayed as a goddess of war and associated with Daoist magic, such as the magic of invisibility (yinshen shu 隱身術). The Immaculate Woman represents the idea of licentiousness as she appears in various forms to seduce male protagonists. The dissertation contains two sections. The first part focuses on the following fictional texts: Water Margin (Shuihu zhuan 水滸傳), Quelling the Demons’ Revolt (San Sui pingyao zhuan 三遂平妖傳), Bull’s Head Mountain (Niutou shan 牛頭山), and Unofficial History of Female Immortals (Nüxian waishi 女仙外史). In this part, I show how the Mysterious Woman is depicted as a war goddess and a moral agent in stories concerning war, rebellion, and dynastic crises. The second part of the dissertation discusses Su’e pian 素娥篇 (The Story of Su’e), Zhulin Yeshi 株林野史 (Unofficial History of the Forest), Yesou puyan 野叟曝言 (Humble Words of A Rustic Elder), and Honglou meng 紅樓夢 (Dream of the Red Chamber). These works create various literary reincarnations of the Immaculate Woman. These reincarnations guide male protagonists to their spiritual awakenings by means of sex. While drawing on fictional and Daoist texts to rebuild the history of the Mysterious Woman and the Immaculate Woman, this research illuminates a complex relationship between Chinese fiction and Daoism.
Two circumstellar nebulae discovered with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and their massive central stars
Creators: name: Gvaramadze, V. V.
name: Kniazev, A. Y.
name: Castro, N.
name: Grebel, E. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of two mid-infrared nebulae in the northern hemisphere with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and the results of optical spectroscopy of their central stars, BD+60 2668 (composed of two components, separated from each other by \approx 3 arcsec) and ALS 19653, with the Calar Alto 3.5-m telescope and the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT), respectively. We classify the components of BD+60 2668 as stars of spectral types B0.5 II and B1.5 III. ALS 19653 is indicated in the SIMBAD data base as a planetary nebula, while our observations show that it is a massive B0.5 Ib star, possibly in a binary system. Using the stellar atmosphere code FASTWIND, we derived fundamental parameters of the three stars as well as their surface element abundances, implying that all of them are either on the main sequence or only recently left it. This provides further evidence that massive stars can produce circumstellar nebulae while they are still relatively unevolved. We also report the detection of optical counterparts to the mid-infrared nebulae and a second, more extended optical nebula around ALS 19653, and present the results of SALT spectroscopy of both nebulae associated with this star. The possible origin of the nebulae is discussed.
description: 24 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in AJ
The Weight of Words: A Co-Constructed Narrative of Love And/In Trauma
Creators: Wolcott, Sara
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Rwandan Civil War (Rwanda : 1994)
Genocide
Psychic trauma
Oral history

description: What does it mean to come of age in the light of trauma? To find love? Can suffering be shared? How close can one get to a trauma they didn’t experience and to someone who survived it? In this work, I combine personal narrative, trauma theory, and oral histories of ten child survivors of the 1994 Rwandan genocide. By telling the story of my time in Rwanda in 2008, the things I heard and the people I met, I hope to offer up myself and this work as an example, or perhaps more aptly, an experiment, to how we might share the weight of words.
Higher dimensional geometries related to fuzzy odd-dimensional spheres
Creators: name: Ramgoolam, Sanjaye
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study $SO(m)$ covariant Matrix realizations of $ \sum_{i=1}^{m} X_i^2 = 1 $ for even $m$ as candidate fuzzy odd spheres following hep-th/0101001. As for the fuzzy four sphere, these Matrix algebras contain more degrees of freedom than the sphere itself and the full set of variables has a geometrical description in terms of a higher dimensional coset. The fuzzy $S^{2k-1} $ is related to a higher dimensional coset $ {SO(2k) \over U(1) \times U(k-1)}$. These cosets are bundles where base and fibre are hermitian symmetric spaces. The detailed form of the generators and relations for the Matrix algebras related to the fuzzy three-spheres suggests Matrix actions which admit the fuzzy spheres as solutions. These Matrix actions are compared with the BFSS, IKKT and BMN Matrix models as well as some others. The geometry and combinatorics of fuzzy odd spheres lead to some remarks on the transverse five-brane problem of Matrix theories and the exotic scaling of the entropy of 5-branes with the brane number.
description: 32 pages, v2 : ref and acknowledgment added
Victoria Police Department mugshot book 03 (1898-1904)
Creators: name: Victoria (B.C.). Police Department
Publisher: name: University of Victoria Libraries
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Criminal records
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1728221
subject: Police
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1068398
subject: Identification photographs
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/966888
subject: Crime
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/882984
subject: History
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1411628
subject: Local history
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1411631
subject: Police administration
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1068547
subject: Police--Records and correspondence
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1068498
subject: Law enforcement
valueUri: http://id.worldcat.org/fast/993931

description: Includes photographs of people charged with criminal activity and details of their crime and information on sentencing.
title: Педагогическое общение
title: Учебное пособие
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Маслова Т.А.
name:  Маслов С.И.
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Эр Медиа
Year: 2019

description: Раскрываются основные вопросы педагогического общения, связанные непосредственно с предстоящей практической деятельностью специалистов: сущность общения, его функции, виды, организация и этапы общения, способы выхода из педагогических конфликтов в общении. Подготовлено с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Предназначено для студентов направления подготовки 44.03.01 «Педагогическое образование», изучающих дисциплину «Педагогическое общение», а также для преподавателей вузов.
Lifetimes of agents under external stress
Creators: name: Wilke, Claus O.
name: Martinetz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An exact formula for the distribution of lifetimes in coherent-noise models and related models is derived. For certain stress distributions, this formula can be analytically evaluated and yields simple closed expressions. For those types of stress for which a closed expression is not available, a numerical evaluation can be done in a straightforward way. All results obtained are in perfect agreement with numerical experiments. The implications for the coherent-noise models' application to macroevolution are discussed.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, RevTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
The Warburg effect and its role in cancer detection and therapy
Creators: Christ, Ethan J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2009
Subjects: Biology

description: The Warburg effect is a cellular phenomenon in cancer cells discovered by Otto Warburg in 1924. His findings showed that in normoxic conditions tumor cells primarily use glycolysis for energy production instead of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation like normal cells. This breakthrough has been the basis for much research. It has resulted in a successful and widely-used cancer detection method, the positron emission tomography (PET) scan. The PET scan uses radioactive isotopes and the fact that cancer cells exhibit higher rates of glycolysis to pinpoint tumors with advanced imaging tools. Furthermore, Warburg's work helped to show the potential for beneficial pharmaceuticals that could be developed by inhibiting certain chemical mechanisms of glycolysis to specifically target and kill cancer cells. This review covers research that has used the Warburg effect as a premise and the heretofore indications and applications of the Warburg effect.
The Wheels on the Bus Go Round and Round: Transportation for Homeless Students in Los Angeles County
Creators: Anderson, Heather N.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2012
Subjects: Transportation--Planning
Education and state
School children--Transportation
Homeless students--Services for

description: Transportation has consistently been the largest barrier for homeless students to overcome to staying in school. With family homelessness on the rise nationally, the provision of transportation services for homeless students is an important protection of the right to public education for homeless youth, and an effort to provide students with the most stable and academically supportive option. This study aims to investigate the successes and continuing challenges in homeless student transportation services at the city-scale (Los Angeles County) in order to contribute to a national discourse on prevention of further hardship for a growing number of youth. Secondary data analysis describes the context of the issue, while surveys and interviews with school district employees reveal the solutions born of these factors and explore the dynamics of coordination and the actors involved. Public transportation is the most cited mode of transportation for children and youth to school. Frequent residential mobility and difficulty getting in touch with parents are the biggest challenges to transportation coordination. District Liaisons interact with multiple agencies in the coordination of transportation, through communication, collaboration and conducting outreach. Although the survey responses are promising in what they communicate about educational access, recommendations for improving conditions are outlined.
The Wicked Witch: Exploring Medea, Tituba, and Sula as Figures of Deviance and Non-Normativity
Creators: Gorla, Erasmia
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Other (Philosophy) in literature
Witches in literature.
Comparative literature

description: This paper explores the portrayal of three women understood as witches in literature: Medea, Tituba, and Sula. I examine these women within the context of their communities, with a focus on the relationship between the women and their normative community-members as well as the methods by which the women's communities deem them as Other. I explore, as well, the characteristics common to all three of these women—shared, too, by various self-identified and accused witches throughout history and literature—including the practice of magic, the expression of a transgressive sexuality and a tendency toward filicide. Central texts include: Argonautica, Apollonius; Medea, Seneca; Metamorphoses, Ovid; Sula, Morrison; Moi, Tituba sorcière, Condé; and Caliban and the Witch, Federici.
Star Cluster Catalogs for the LEGUS Dwarf Galaxies
Creators: name: Cook, D. O.
name: Lee, J. C.
name: Adamo, A.
name: Kim, H.
name: Chandar, R.
name: Whitmore, B. C.
name: Mok, A.
name: Ryon, J. E.
name: Dale, D. A.
name: Calzetti, D.
name: Andrews, J. E.
name: Aloisi, A.
name: Ashworth, G.
name: Bright, S. N.
name: Brown, T. M.
name: Christian, C.
name: Cignoni, M.
name: Clayton, G. C.
name: da Silva, R.
name: de Mink, S. E.
name: Dobbs, C. L.
name: Elmegreen, B. G.
name: Elmegreen, D. M.
name: Evans, A. S.
name: Fumagalli, M.
name: Gallagher, J. S.
name: Gouliermis, D. A.
name: Grasha, K.
name: Grebel, E. K.
name: Herrero, A.
name: Hunter, D. A.
name: Jensen, E. I.
name: Johnson, K. E.
name: Kahre, L.
name: Kennicutt, R. C.
name: Krumholz, M. R.
name: Lee, N. J.
name: Lennon, D.
name: Linden, S.
name: Martin, C.
name: Messa, M.
name: Nair, P.
name: Nota, A.
name: Ostlin, G.
name: Parziale, R. C.
name: Pellerin, A.
name: Regan, M. W.
name: Sabbi, E.
name: Sacchi, E.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Schiminovich, D.
name: Shabani, F.
name: Slane, F. A.
name: Small, J.
name: Smith, C. L.
name: Smith, L. J.
name: Taibi, S.
name: Thilker, D. A.
name: de la Torre, I. C.
name: Tosi, M.
name: Turner, J. A.
name: Ubeda, L.
name: Van Dyk, S. D.
name: Walterbos, R. A. M.
name: Wofford, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the star cluster catalogs for 17 dwarf and irregular galaxies in the $HST$ Treasury Program "Legacy ExtraGalactic UV Survey" (LEGUS). Cluster identification and photometry in this subsample are similar to that of the entire LEGUS sample, but special methods were developed to provide robust catalogs with accurate fluxes due to low cluster statistics. The colors and ages are largely consistent for two widely used aperture corrections, but a significant fraction of the clusters are more compact than the average training cluster. However, the ensemble luminosity, mass, and age distributions are consistent suggesting that the systematics between the two methods are less than the random errors. When compared with the clusters from previous dwarf galaxy samples, we find that the LEGUS catalogs are more complete and provide more accurate total fluxes. Combining all clusters into a composite dwarf galaxy, we find that the luminosity and mass functions can be described by a power law with the canonical index of $-2$ independent of age and global SFR binning. The age distribution declines as a power law, with an index of $\approx-0.80\pm0.15$, independent of cluster mass and global SFR binning. This decline of clusters is dominated by cluster disruption since the combined star formation histories and integrated-light SFRs are both approximately constant over the last few hundred Myr. Finally, we find little evidence for an upper-mass cutoff ($<2σ$) in the composite cluster mass function, and can rule out a truncation mass below $\approx10^{4.5}$M$_{\odot}$ but cannot rule out the existence of a truncation at higher masses.
description: 25 pages; 28 figures (Accepted to MNRAS)
The Work of Education: Community-Based Educators in Schools, Freedom Struggles, and the Labor Movement, 1953-1983
Creators: Juravich, Nicholas Albert
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: History
Community education
Primary school teachers
Community development
Labor movement

description: In the early 1960s, civil rights organizers in American cities designed a novel response to the urban and educational crises unfolding around them: hiring local residents, primarily the mothers of schoolchildren, to work in public schools. Local hiring, they argued, would improve instruction, connect schools to communities, and create jobs. Working with allies in antipoverty programs and teacher unions, they created demonstration programs and pushed funding for them into federal law. American school districts responded by hiring half a million community-based paraprofessional educators between 1965 and 1975. Today, despite the waning of the movements that created their positions, over one million paraprofessionals work in public schools.
      “The Work of Education” explores the lives and labor of community-based para-professional educators from 1953 to 1983. These educators took part in struggles to create their jobs, and once hired, they made themselves essential to students, parents, and teachers. They built on these classroom solidarities to secure and expand community-based educational work through unionization. Their campaigns transformed the social geography of public schooling and expanded the social welfare state in an era of scarcity. Their work generated new pedagogies and curricula, new models for teacher recruitment, and new opportunities for progressive politics and labor organizing in the 1970s. This project reveals a structural, job-creating side of the War on Poverty and an understudied legacy of black and Hispanic freedom struggles led by women.
      Community-based educators imagined a more equitable, democratic future for American cities. Their ideas and organizing strategies might yet inspire those who seek such a future today.
The serine/threonine protein phosphatase PstP of Mycobacterium
Creators: name: Iswahyudi
Publisher: name: University of Leicester
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Regarded at this time being to be the only serine/threonine phosphatase acting to oppose the activity of eleven serine/threonine protein kinases in Mycobacterium tuberculosis, PstP is a highly active enzyme that could potentially dephosphorylate more than 500 serine/threonine protein phosphorylation sites identified so far in the M. tuberculosis proteome. Located in a genetic locus with genes encoding serine/threonine protein kinases PknA and PknB, PstP is probably involved in controlling mycobacterial cell growth and is conserved in Mycobacteria and other Actinobacteria.To study the function of PstP, a strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis with conditional expression of the pstP operon was characterised for its growth and morphological phenotypes and phosphoproteome. The changes to cell wall and septum during pstP knockdown, and increases in phosphorylation of PknB and PknB-substrates, support the hypothesis that PstP regulates cell wall biosynthesis and cell division, potentially via PknB. However, the phosphoproteome's broad changes may also indicate a more extensive role of PstP as a negative global regulator of serine-threonine protein phosphorylation.
Effective action for stochastic partial differential equations
Creators: name: Hochberg, David
name: Molina-Paris, Carmen
name: Perez-Mercader, Juan
name: Visser, Matt
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) are the basic tool for modeling systems where noise is important. In this paper we set up a functional integral formalism and demonstrate how to extract all the one-loop physics for an arbitrary SPDE subject to arbitrary Gaussian noise. It is extremely important to realize that Gaussian noise does not imply that the field variables undergo Gaussian fluctuations, and that these non-quantum field theories are fully interacting. Experience with quantum field theories (QFTs) has taught us that one-loop physics is often quite adequate to give a good description of the salient issues, and furthermore offers marked technical advantages: We can sidestep the complications inherent in the Martin-Siggia-Rose formalism (the SPDE analog of the BRST formalism used in QFT) and instead focus attention on a minimalist approach that uses only the physical fields (this ``direct approach'' is the SPDE analog of canonical quantization using physical fields.) We show how to define the effective action to all loops, and then focus on the one-loop effective action, and its specialization to constant fields: the effective potential. An important result is that the amplitude of the two-point function governing the noise acts as the loop-counting parameter and is the analog of Planck's constant hbar in this SPDE context. We derive a general expression for the one-loop effective potential of an arbitrary SPDE subject to translation-invariant Gaussian noise, and compare this with the one-loop potential for QFT.
description: 24 pages, latex 209, ReV_TeX 3.2; Cosmetic revisions to improve the handling of the Faddeev-Popov ghost determinant; References updated; Accepted for publication in Physical Review E; This version essentially identical to the published version