cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Gaia Data Release 2: first stellar parameters from Apsis
Creators: name: Andrae, Rene
name: Fouesneau, Morgan
name: Creevey, Orlagh
name: Ordenovic, Christophe
name: Mary, Nicolas
name: Burlacu, Alexandru
name: Chaoul, Laurence
name: Jean-Antoine-Piccolo, Anne
name: Kordopatis, Georges
name: Korn, Andreas
name: Lebreton, Yveline
name: Panem, Chantal
name: Pichon, Bernard
name: Thevenin, Frederic
name: Walmsley, Gavin
name: Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second Gaia data release (Gaia-DR2) contains, beyond the astrometry, three-band photometry for 1.38 billion sources. We have used these three broad bands to infer stellar effective temperatures, Teff, for all sources brighter than G=17 mag with Teff in the range 3000-10 000 K (161 million sources). Using in addition the parallaxes, we infer the line-of-sight extinction, A_G, and the reddening, E[BP-RP], for 88 million sources. Together with a bolometric correction we derive luminosity and radius for 77 million sources. These quantities as well as their estimated uncertainties are part of Gaia-DR2. Here we describe the procedures by which these quantities were obtained, including the underlying assumptions, comparison with literature estimates, and the limitations of our results. Typical accuracies are of order 324 K (Teff), 0.46 mag (A_G), 0.23 mag (E[BP-RP]), 15% (luminosity), and 10% (radius). Being based on only a small number of observable quantities and limited training data, our results are necessarily subject to some extreme assumptions that can lead to strong systematics in some cases (not included in the aforementioned accuracy estimates). One aspect is the non-negativity contraint of our estimates, in particular extinction. Yet in several regions of parameter space our results show very good performance, for example for red clump stars and solar analogues. Large uncertainties render the extinctions less useful at the individual star level, but they show good performance for ensemble estimates. We identify regimes in which our parameters should and should not be used and we define a "clean" sample. Despite the limitations, this is the largest catalogue of uniformly-inferred stellar parameters to date. More precise and detailed astrophysical parameters based on the full BP/RP spectrophotometry are planned as part of the third Gaia data release.
description: A&A in press
Justiciability of Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights: The UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’ Review of China’s First Periodic Report on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
Creators: name: Choukroune, Leila
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2005

description: One of the most debated issues surrounding State parties’ implementation of their obligations under the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (the “ICESCR” or “the Covenant”) is the possibility for aggrieved citizens-including particularly vulnerable or disadvantaged ones-to seek redress for violations of their rights under the Covenant. All State parties are not only required to implement the Covenant on a non-discriminatory basis, but are also obligated to give effect to the ICESCR in their domestic legal order by using “all appropriate means, including legislative measures” to achieve “progressively the full realization of the rights recognized.” Thus, in its General Comment n’9 (1998), on the domestic application of the Covenant, the UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights considered that “appropriate means of redress, or remedies, must be available to any aggrieved individual or group, and appropriate means of ensuring governmental accountability must be put in place.” Justiciability, defined as the possibility for domestic courts to “take account of Covenant rights where this is necessary to ensure that the State’s conduct is consistent with its obligations under the Covenant,” could serve as a good indicator for assessing State party compliance with the ICESCR while evaluating the degree of independence and professionalism of local judiciaries necessary for progressive realization of the rule of law.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 19 No. 1 (2005)
Vancouver Island/ Comparative statement of the estimated expenditure of Vancouver Island for the year 1864, and the actual expenditure of the year, as taken from the accounts made up from 1st January to 31st December, 1864. ...
Creators: name: Ker, Robert
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: VANCOUVER ISLAND. COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF THE ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE OF VANCOUVER ISLAND FOR THE YEAR 1864, AND THE ACTUAL EXPENDITURE OF THE YEAR, AS TAKEN FROM THE ACCOUNTS MADE UP FROM 1ST JANUARY TO 31ST DECEMBER, 1864. ... (SIGNED) ROBERT KER, ACTING AUDITOR.
Threshold Effects in SO(10) Grandunified Models and Solar Neutrino Puzzle
Creators: name: Mohapatra, R. N.
name: Parida, M. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the threshold uncertainties due to unknown masses of the Higgs bosons on the predictions for the intermediate and unification scales, $M_I$ and $M_U$ respectively in SO(10) models.We focus on models with separate breaking scales for Parity and $SU(2)_R$ symmetries since they provide a natural realization of the see-saw mechanism for neutrino masses. For the two step symmetry breaking chains ,where left-right symmetric gauge groups appear at the intermediate scale, we find that parity invariance of the theory at the unification scale drastically reduces the GUT threshold effects in some cases. Including the effects of the intermediate scale thresholds ,we compute the uncertainty in the above mass scales and study their implications for proton lifetime and neutrino masses. An important outcome of our analysis is that if the currently favored nonadiabatic MSW solution to the solar neutrino puzzle is accepted , it will rule out the $SU(2)_LXSU(2)_RXU(1)_{B-L}X SU(3)_c$ as an intermediate symmetry for SO(10) breaking whereas the intermediate symmetry $SU(2)_LXSU(2)_RXSU(4)_c$, is quite consistent with it.
description: 24 pages
title: Κέντρο πολιτισμού & αναψυχής στην Νέα Μάκρη Αττικής. Στις εγκαταστάσεις του πρώην εργοστασίου πορσελάνης
Creators: name: Λιζάρδου Αναστασία
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2021

description: Με την παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία επιχειρείται ένα σύνολο επεμβάσεων στις εγκαταστάσεις του διατηρητέου εργοστασίου παραγωγής πορσελάνης του Χαρίτωνα Τριανταφυλλόπουλου, στο κέντρο της Νέας Μάκρης-Αττικής. Πρόκειται για ένα βιομηχανικό συγκρότημα που λειτούργησε από το 1950 έως το 1969 προμηθεύοντας με ηλεκτρολογικό υλικό την ΔΕΗ. Επιπλέον, συνδέθηκε με την ιστορική και την συλλογική μνήμη της περιοχής, καθώς αποτέλεσε την αφορμή ηλεκτροδότησής της και προσέφερε θέσεις εργασίας στους κατοίκους της. Σήμερα, η έκταση αυτή αποτελείται από το εγκαταλειμμένο κτήριο του εργοστασίου, το οποίο σε συνδυασμό με τους ανεκμετάλλευτους δημόσιους χώρους που το περιβάλλουν, δημιουργεί μία αμήχανη και αφιλόξενη περιοχή του κέντρου της πόλης. Η εργασία αυτή έχει ως στόχο την επανένταξη της περιοχής στον αστικό ιστό και τη δημιουργία εγκαταστάσεων πολιτιστικού χαρακτήρα, που θα απευθύνονται στους κατοίκους της ευρύτερης περιοχής. Προτείνεται η δημιουργία ενός συνόλου πολιτισμού, δημιουργικής απασχόλησης και αναψυχής, με κέντρο το βιομηχανικό κτήριο, το οποίο θα περιλαμβάνει, μεταξύ άλλων, δημοτικό ωδείο με στούντιο ηχογραφήσεων, εργαστήρι μαγειρικής, αίθουσες διδασκαλίας και συνεδριάσεων, χώρους αναψυχής και ψυχαγωγίας, καθώς και έναν εκθεσιακό χώρο αναφερόμενο στην ιστορία του κτηρίου. Μέρος της πρότασης αποτελεί η κατασκευή ενός νέου κτηρίου, με σκοπό την στέγαση Δημοτικού Θεάτρου & Θερινού Κινηματογράφου. Βασική αρχή του σχεδιασμού αποτελεί ο σεβασμός των νέων κτηριακών δομών ως προς το διατηρητέο κτήριο, η προσπάθεια συνομιλίας μαζί του, και η εναρμόνιση με το φυσικό και αστικό περιβάλλον
Development of Constitutionalism in the Transition of Chinese Society
Creators: name: Cai, Dingjian
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2005

description: China’s economy has been growing at a rate of approximately 8% annually over the last decade, and its GDP has reached about Y13.65 trillion. These dramatic economic developments have been accompanied by great changes in people’s lives, especially in the cities. In contrast to the “proletarian” status they held in the communist past, citizens now hold private interests in real property, business enterprises, and personal investments. Many people now enjoy a happier, higher quality of life than they ever knew in the past. Especially in the country’s developed regions, lifestyles and consumption patterns have reached an international standard. The achievements of China’s economic development are indeed remarkable. Nonetheless, with economic development come social problems. With a Gini coefficient recently reaching 0.5, the income gap between the haves and the have-nots in China continues to widen. In addition, unemployment plagues the Chinese economy. In some extreme cases, living conditions have not improved but have in fact deteriorated. Pressing issues of national concern include environmental destruction, stagnation-even decline-of education and public health services, and increasingly problematic issues surrounding public security in rural areas.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 19 No. 1 (2005)
Lokale Anpassungsstrategien für Landnutzung in Hochgebirgen
Creators: name: Kreutzmann, Hermann
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: high mountain land use, transformations in high mountain, high mountain agriculture, high mountain animal husbandry

description: Vielfältige Veränderungen der sozioökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen haben seit dem 20. Jahrhundert zu tiefgreifenden Umwälzungen in der Berglandwirtschaft und vor allem in der mobilen Viehzucht geführt. Bergbauern und Pastoralisten standen vor der Herausforderung ständiger Anpassung an veränderte Produktionsbedingungen, die sowohl durch revolutionäre gesellschaftspolitische Prozesse als auch durch graduelle Veränderungen in der ökologischen Sphäre und in sozioökonomischen Tätigkeitsfeldern verursacht worden sind. Am Beispiel Hochasiens werden die signifikanten Eingriffe seitens externer Akteure exemplifiziert. Durch diese Vorgehensweise werden die Dimensionen der Veränderung, die Vernetzung ökologischer und ökonomischer Faktoren sowie die Anpassungsformen und -strategien bergbäuerlicher und pastoraler Bevölkerungen in Hochgebirgen herausgestellt. Letztere sind immer Resultat komplexer Interdependenzen. In Gesellschaften mit hoher Regulationsmacht lassen sich tiefgreifende Eingriffe in bestehende Strukturen nachweisen. Im weltweiten Vergleich ist das Spektrum ergriffener Maßnahmen breit gestreut und in variierende Umweltbedingungen und gesellschaftliche Spielregeln eingebettet. Local adaptation strategies in high mountain land use: Multiple changes in socioeconomic frame conditions have contributed to significant transformations in high mountain agriculture and especially the animal husbandry sector has been affected since the beginning of the 20th century. Mountain farmers and pastoralists have been facing the challenges of constant adaptation for their production systems that were triggered by sociopolitical revolutions, gradual ecological changes and socioeconomic conditions. Significant interventions will be exemplified with case studies from High Asia. This approach allows to specify dimensions of change, to analyse the complex interrelationship between ecological and economic factors as well as to identify adaptation strategies implemented by mountain farmers and pastoralists that have been the result of complex interdependencies. Societies with authoritarian regimes and high regulatory impact show significant transformations of utilisation strategies. Looking from a global perspective a wide spectrum of intervention options exists and is embedded in a variety of ecological frame conditions and socio-political rules
No. 1. An Ordinance to extend the term of the Steam Traction Engine Ordinance, 1864. [7th February, 1865.] Whereas it has been found necessary for the Public service to extend the period for the enjoyment of the exclusive portion of the privileges granted by the "Steam Traction Engine Ordinance, 1864."...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [Coat of arms A] R. NO. 1. AN ORDINANCE TO EXTEND THE TERM OF THE STEAM TRACTION ENGINE ORDINANCE, 1864. [7TH FEBRUARY, 1865.]
Arbitrating Harmony: Med-Arb and the Confluence of Culture and Rule of Law in the Resolution of International Commercial Disputes in China
Creators: name: De Vera, Carlos
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2004

description: Culture can profoundly affect a dispute resolution process. For indeed, far from merely a function of practical and procedural efficiency contemplated by disputing parties, the choice of a dispute resolution mechanism-whether mediation, arbitration or litigation- within the forum of a certain society is strongly influenced by the peculiarities of tradition, culture, and legal evolution of that society. Such is the case in China. A heightened awareness of the theoretical and practical issues found in cross-cultural negotiations and arbitrations has taken hold among legal practitioners and the business elite, as the worldwide community increasingly interacts through commercial globalization and economic integration, and diverse societies at variegated levels of legal development confront each other with commercial disputes. Especially in China, disputing parties from different cultures now face a critical balancing act, weighing the positives and negatives when deciding between mediation or arbitration. Of course, within the context of cross-cultural commercial dispute resolution, selecting a particular mechanism to resolve a dispute need not be an either-or choice. A blended approach (i.e., combining mediation and arbitration into one distinct process with two phases) can be a viable option for parties, depending on whether the lex arbitri or the institutional arbitration regime allows for such a blending. Allowing this blending to occur (and truly benefiting from it) will depend, inter alia, on the nuances of tradition, culture, and legal evolution.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2004)
HomeGuard: A Smart System to Deal with the Emergency Response of Domestic Violence Victims
Creators: name: Islam, Anik
name: Akter, Arifa
name: Hossain, Bayzid Ashik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Domestic violence is a silent crisis in the developing and underdeveloped countries, though developed countries also remain drowned in the curse of it. In developed countries, victims can easily report and ask help on the contrary in developing and underdeveloped countries victims hardly report the crimes and when it's noticed by the authority it's become too late to save or support the victim. If this kind of problems can be identified at the very beginning of the event and proper actions can be taken, it'll not only help the victim but also reduce the domestic violence crimes. This paper proposed a smart system which can extract victim's situation and provide help according to it. Among of the developing and underdeveloped countries Bangladesh has been chosen though the rate of reporting of domestic violence is low, the extreme report collected by authorities is too high. Case studies collected by different NGO's relating to domestic violence have been studied and applied to extract possible condition for the victims.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 2016 International Journal of Computer Science Issues
No. 3. An Ordinance to amend the Duties of Customs. [15th February, 1865.] Whereas it is expedient in some respects to alter the duties of Customs as now by law established in British Columbia, and to make further provision for the levying thereof; ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [Coat of arms A] R. NO. 3. AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE DUTIES OF CUSTOMS. [15TH FEBRUARY, 1865.]
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0248r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Petot, Frédéric
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0248r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome VIII, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 192 (11 H 77), 295 folios, f. 0248r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Drafting Bankruptcy Laws in Socialist Market Economies: Recent Developments in China and Vietnam
Creators: name: Booth, Charles
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2004

description: Both the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC” or “China”) and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (“Vietnam”) are making the transition from a centrally planned economy to a market-based economy. An effective bankruptcy law is an integral part of the institutional framework necessary for this transition. China enacted the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Enterprise Bankruptcy (Trial Implementation) on December 2, 1986, and it came into operation on October 1, 1988 (the “1986 Chinese Bankruptcy Law”). This law is applicable to State-Owned Enterprises (“SOEs”). On April 9, 1991, the PRC Civil Procedure Law was approved, with Chapter XIX applying to the bankruptcy of non-SOE enterprises with legal person status. The drafting of a bankruptcy law in Vietnam followed from Article 15 of the 1992 Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, which institutionalized the policy to “promote the development of the multi-sector market-oriented economy with… State management towards socialism.” The new bankruptcy law was one of the laws that the Vietnamese began drafting later that year with the goal of creating a “uniform, complete legal system.” The drafting process moved quickly, and the Vietnamese Law on Enterprise Bankruptcy (the “1993 Vietnamese Bankruptcy Law”) was enacted on December 30, 1993, and took effect on July 1, 1994.6 This law rejected the bifurcated Chinese approach of separate laws for SOEs and non-SOE legal person enterprises in favor of a single law that applied to both SOEs and non-SOE enterprises. It was also more expansive than the Chinese approach in that it applied to both legal person and non-legal person enterprises.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2004)
No .4. An Ordinance in aid of the Trustees' Relief Act. [18th February, 1865.] Whereas, by an Act of the Imperial Parliament passed in the Session holden in the 10th and 11th years of the reign of Her present Majesty, in force in this Colony, ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [Coat of arms A] R. NO. 4. AN ORDINANCE IN AID OF THE TRUSTEES' RELIEF ACT. [18TH FEBRUARY, 1865.]
Gaia Data Release 2: Catalogue validation
Creators: name: Arenou, F.
name: Luri, X.
name: Babusiaux, C.
name: Fabricius, C.
name: Helmi, A.
name: Muraveva, T.
name: Robin, A. C.
name: Spoto, F.
name: Vallenari, A.
name: Antoja, T.
name: Cantat-Gaudin, T.
name: Jordi, C.
name: Leclerc, N.
name: Reylé, C.
name: Romero-Gómez, M.
name: Shih, I-C.
name: Soria, S.
name: Barache, C.
name: Bossini, D.
name: Bragaglia, A.
name: Breddels, M. A.
name: Fabrizio, M.
name: Lambert, S.
name: Marrese, P. M.
name: Massari, D.
name: Moitinho, A.
name: Robichon, N.
name: Ruiz-Dern, L.
name: Sordo, R.
name: Veljanoski, J.
name: Di Matteo, P.
name: Eyer, L.
name: Jasniewicz, G.
name: Pancino, E.
name: Soubiran, C.
name: Spagna, A.
name: Tanga, P.
name: Turon, C.
name: Zurbach, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second Gaia data release (DR2), contains very precise astrometric and photometric properties for more than one billion sources, astrophysical parameters for dozens of millions, radial velocities for millions, variability information for half a million of stellar sources and orbits for thousands of solar system objects. Before the Catalogue publication, these data have undergone dedicated validation processes. The goal of this paper is to describe the validation results in terms of completeness, accuracy and precision of the various Gaia DR2 data. The validation processes include a systematic analysis of the Catalogue content to detect anomalies, either individual errors or statistical properties, using statistical analysis, and comparisons to external data or to models. Although the astrometric, photometric and spectroscopic data are of unprecedented quality and quantity, it is shown that the data cannot be used without a dedicated attention to the limitations described here, in the Catalogue documentation and in accompanying papers. A particular emphasis is put on the caveats for the statistical use of the data in scientific exploitation.
description: Submitted to A&A
title: Table des matières_Le Jardin moderne de l'instituteur, de l'artisan, de l'amateur
Creators: name: AmateurS
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Table des matières
No. 5. An Ordinance to encourage the construction of a line of Telegraph, connecting the Telegraphs of British Columbia with the Telegraph line of Russia, the United States and other Countries, and for other purposes. [21st February, 1865.] Whereas, Perry MacDonald Collins, a citizen of the United States of North America, has obtained from the Governments of Russia, and the United States, the right to make ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [Coat of arms A] R. NO. 5. AN ORDINANCE TO ENCOURAGE THE CONSTRUCTION OF A LINE OF TELEGRAPH, CONNECTING TELEGRAPHS OF BRITISH COLUMBIA WITH THE TELEGRAPH LINES OF RUSSIA, THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER COUNTRIES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES. [21ST FEBRUARY, 1865.]

International Telegraph Ordinance.
Anti-Speculation Laws and Their Impact on the Real Estate and Financial Markets: The Korean Case
Creators: name: Kim, Jasper
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2004

description: The Korean real estate market has represented a relatively risk- averse and traditional means of wealth creation for everyday Korean domestic and non-domestic global investors. As evidence, real estate property prices in Korea have increased an average of 22.39% from 1990 to 2004. The Republic of Korea has received much scrutiny from academics and practitioners since the 1997 Asian financial crisis. Specifically, Korea’s economic woes during the crisis were widely attributed to the country’s state-dominated economic policies and crony capitalistic behavior, often being referred to as “Korea, Inc.” Since 1997, however, the Korean government has taken purposeful steps towards liberalizing its economy and giving greater attention to issues of transparency, restructuring of the large Korean conglomerates (known as chaebol), and giving greater deference to free-market principles.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2004)
Laws and Regulations on Problem Loans in Japan – Is Application of International Accounting Standards Possible?
Creators: name: Misawa, Mitsuru
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2004

description: After almost 20 years of prosperity, the Japanese economy began to stagnate in the mid- 1970s. A phenomenal bubble economy was created by the end of the 1980s. After the bubble period, enormous bad debts were created in Japanese banks. As of 1999, a sum of 7.3 trillion yen of taxpayers’ money was infused into the major banks. However, this infusion represents only the beginning of a solution. It is questionable whether or not the banks can survive severe worldwide financial competition. Japan’s banking policy administration, accused of failing to take effective measures against the deterioration of its banking system, is weathering heavy criticism. In the August 1995 annual report of the International Monetary Fund (“IMF”), Japan’s banking policy administration was criticized for failing to take effective measures to revive the deteriorating banking system. It was further suggested that “waiting would not recover the loss, but rather increase it,” and Japan was asked to take speedy action to correct the problems in its banking sector. The report also stated that (1) market mechanisms that were supposed to help depositors and investors in selecting banks were not working because of the insufficient disclosure of operating information by the banks, and (2) it was necessary for the stockholders of the problematic banks to demand that the banks establish a more clear-cut rule to specify how the necessary funds, including public funds, be secured.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 18 No. 1 (2004)
Green marketing - detergent.pdf
Creators: name: M, Rajanikanth
name: Banerjee, Subhrotosh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 150503 Marketing Management (incl. Strategy and Customer Relations)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: „Green Marketing‟is process where the manufacturers sell their products based on the impact of that product on the environment. It includes the basic features of the products, usage, or packing of the product, which have minimal impact on the environment. Increasing in the awareness among the consumers about the environment is motivating them to buy the products that are environmental friendly. he other side manufacturers are trying to design new products and process or modifying the existing products to suit the new customer and environmental requirements. Detergents are an integral part of civilised society. Though some of the detergent manufacturing companies are following green marketing strategies, like water saving detergents, there are no specific studiesconducted to know the impact of these strategies on consumer buying behaviour. This study was conducted in five metro cities, Kolkata, Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Mumbai with a sample size of 370. The study found that green marketing claims made by the detergent companies is one of the important factors that motivates the consumers to buy a particular brand.
Exact Three Dimensional Black Holes in String Theory
Creators: name: Horowitz, Gary T.
name: Welch, Dean L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A black hole solution to three dimensional general relativity with a negative cosmological constant has recently been found. We show that a slight modification of this solution yields an exact solution to string theory. This black hole is equivalent (under duality) to the previously discussed three dimensional black string solution. Since the black string is asymptotically flat and the black hole is asymptotically anti-de Sitter, this suggests that strings are not affected by a negative cosmological constant in three dimensions.
description: 11 pages, NSF-ITP-93-21, harvmac
Controlling for Risk: An Analysis of China’s System of Foreign Exchange and Exchange Rate Management
Creators: name: Hall, Thomas
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2004

description: After more than twenty years of rapid development of China’s economy and foreign trade sector, both China itself and the rest of the world are for the first time coming to grips with the reality that China’s economic policy choices now have global repercussions. As the international consciousness of China’s influence grows, China’s economic policies have naturally come under increasing criticism from countries that feel they are being affected negatively by those policies. This phenomenon can be seen in the recent controversy surrounding China’s foreign exchange regime and pegged exchange rate system. Calls on China to revalue or float its currency – coming primarily from Japan and the United States – have been intensifying since late 2002.’ The accumulating international political pressure for China to adjust its exchange rate policy has sparked intense debate among economic and political analysts concerning the appropriate foreign exchange and exchange rate system for China. While this debate has focused principally on China’s choice of exchange rate mechanism, i.e. the pros and cons of letting the RMB float according to market demand and supply versus pegging the currency to one degree or another, the debate has also encompassed China’s overall policy of maintaining restrictions on the free flow of foreign currency and the convertibility of the RMB.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 17 No. 2 (2004)
No. 6. An Ordinance for the construction of a Toll Bridge across Thompson River, at Lytton. [22 February, 1865.] Whereas Louis Hautier, Louis Lemeure, L.B. Romano and Robert Smith have applied to the Government of British Columbia for permission to erect a Bridge at their own expense, across the Thompson River ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [Coat of arms A] R. NO. 6. AN ORDINANCE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A TOLL BRIDGE ACROSS THOMPSON RIVER, AT LYTTON. [22ND FEBRUARY, 1865.]
Gaia Data Release 2: The Celestial reference frame (Gaia-CRF2)
Creators: name: Mignard, F.
name: Klioner, S.
name: Lindegren, L.
name: Hernandez, J.
name: Bastian, U.
name: Bombrun, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second release of Gaia data (Gaia DR2) contains the astrometric parameters for more than half a million quasars. This set defines a kinematically non-rotating reference frame in the optical domain referred to as the Gaia-CRF2. The Gaia-CRF2 is the first realisation of a non-rotating global optical reference frame that meets the ICRS prescriptions, meaning that it is built only on extragalactic sources. It consists of the positions of a sample of 556 869 sources in Gaia DR2, obtained from a positional cross-match with the ICRF3-prototype and AllWISE AGN catalogues. The sample constitutes a clean, dense, and homogeneous set of extragalactic point sources in the magnitude range G from 16 to 21 mag with accurately known optical positions. The median positional uncertainty is 0.12 mas for G < 18 mag and 0.5 mas at G = 20 mag. Large-scale systematics are estimated to be in the range 20 to 30 muas. The accuracy claims are supported by the parallaxes and proper motions of the quasars in Gaia DR2. The optical positions for a subset of 2820 sources in common with the ICRF3-prototype show very good overall agreement with the radio positions, but several tens of sources have significantly discrepant positions.
description: 30 pages, 20 figures, and 446 co-authors
Subway travel risk evaluation during flood events based on smart card data
Creators: name: Sun, Dianchen
name: Wang, Huimin
name: Lall, Upmanu
name: Huang, Jing
name: Liu, Gaofeng
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: The intensity and frequency of extreme weather is increasing in major metropolitan areas around the world, which results in unprecedented urban floods. However, subway systems lack consideration of flood risk, and few studies have assessed risk during flood events from the view of subway travel. In this study, subway travel risk was evaluated by flood hazard, subway travel exposure and population vulnerability under three groups of rainfall scenarios. The degree of spatial exposure was calculated based on smart card data and a census, and the vulnerability of the population was assessed based on human stability in floodwaters. The results in the study area indicate that subway travel risk grows with an increase in the rainfall return period, and the highest subway travel risk occurs in the morning peak period. The return periods of rainfall, time-to-peak, and duration have an impact on the spatiotemporal trajectory of subway travel risk. Furthermore, the traditional census tends to underestimate subway transportation exposure due to subway travel. Subway travel risk increases significantly under the extreme rainfall scenario and requires further research. This study provides risk maps for making travel decisions before departures and support for subway operators to develop risk warnings.
title: Basilii & Apollinaris Epistolae. Ex Harlaeano MS. Apollinari. Domino meo reuerendissimo Apollinari Basilius.
Creators: name: :Unkn
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2022

description: created: -
Partial Wave Analyses of the pp data alone and of the np data alone
Creators: name: Klomp, R. A. M. M.
name: de Kok, J. -L.
name: Rentmeester, M. C. M.
name: Rijken, Th. A.
name: de Swart, J. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of the Nijmegen partial-wave analyses of all NN scattering data below Tlab = 500 MeV. We have been able to extract for the first time the important np phase shifts for both I = 0 and I = 1 from the np scattering data alone. This allows us to study the charge independence breaking between the pp and np I = 1 phases. In our analyses we obtain for the pp data chi^2_{min}/Ndf = 1.13 and for the np data chi^2_{min}/Ndf = 1.12.
description: Report THEF-NYM 94.04, 4 pages LaTeX, one PostScript figure appended. Contribution to the 14th Few-Body Conference, May 26 - 31, Williamsburg, VA
An Ordinance to amend the "First telegraph Ordinance, 1864." [22nd February, 1865.] Whereas, it is contrary to the policy of Her Majesty's Government to grant exclusive telegraphic privileges; ...
Creators: name: Seymour, Frederick
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: BRITISH COLUMBIA. V. [Coat of arms A] R. NO. 7. AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE "FIRST TELEGRAPH ORDINANCE, 1864." [22ND FEBRUARY, 1865.]
Gaia Data Release 2: Observations of solar system objects
Creators: name: Gaia Collaboration
name: Spoto, F.
name: Tanga, P.
name: Mignard, F.
name: Berthier, J.
name: Carry, B.
name: Cellino, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Gaia spacecraft of the European Space Agency (ESA) has been securing observations of solar system objects (SSOs) since the beginning of its operations. Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) contains the observations of a selected sample of 14,099 SSOs. These asteroids have been already identified and have been numbered by the Minor Planet Center. Positions are provided for each Gaia observation at CCD level. As additional information, the apparent brightness of SSOs in the unfiltered G band is also provided for selected observations. We explain the processing of SSO data, and describe the criteria we used to select the sample published in Gaia DR2. We then explore the data set to assess its quality. To exploit the epoch astrometry of asteroids in Gaia DR2 it is necessary to take into account the unusual properties of the uncertainty, as the position information is nearly one-dimensional. When this aspect is handled appropriately, an orbit fit can be obtained with post-fit residuals that are overall consistent with the a-priori error model that was used to define individual values of the astrometric uncertainty. The distribution of residuals allowed us to identify possible contaminants in the data set. Photometry in the G band was compared to computed values from reference asteroid shapes and to the flux registered at the corresponding epochs by the red and blue photometers (RP and BP). The overall astrometric performance is close to the expectations, with an optimal range of brightness G~12-17. In this range, the typical transit-level accuracy is well below 1 mas. For fainter asteroids, the growing photon noise deteriorates the performance. Asteroids brighter than G~12 are affected by a lower performance of the processing of their signals. The dramatic improvement brought by Gaia DR2 astrometry of SSOs is demonstrated by preliminary tests on the detection of subtle non-gravitational effects.
A Bill Entitled an Act to explain and amend the Victoria Incorporation Act 1862. Whereas by section one of "the Victoria Incorporation Act 1862," it is enacted that from and after the passage of that Act the tract of Land specified in the first part of the first schedule thereto should be Incorporated as a City to be called the City of Victoria; ...
Creators: name: Nesbitt, E. J.
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2018

description: A BILL ENTITLED AN ACT TO EXPLAIN AND AMEND THE VICTORIA INCORPORATION ACT 1863. ... PASSED THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL THE 2ND DAY OF MARCH, 1865. E.J. NESBITT, CLERK OF THE COUNCIL.
Two Dimensional Quantum Dilaton Gravity and the Positivity of Energy
Creators: name: de Alwis, S. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using an argument due to Regge and Teitelboim, an expression for the ADM mass of 2d quantum dilaton gravity is obtained. By evaluating this expression we establish that the quantum theories which can be written as a Liouville-like theory, have a lower bound to energy, provided there is no critical boundary. This fact is then reconciled with the observation made earlier that the Hawking radiation does not appear to stop. The physical picture that emerges is that of a black hole in a bath of quantum radiation. We also evaluate the ADM mass for the models with RST boundary conditions and find that negative values are allowed. The Bondi mass of these models goes to zero for large retarded times, but becomes negative at intermediate times in a manner that is consistent with the thunderpop of RST.
description: 16 pages, phyzzx, COLO-HEP-309. (Confusing points in previous version clarified, discussion of ADM and Bondi masses in RST case added.)
RPA calculation of $K^+$-nucleus cross-sections with a density-dependent Brueckner-Hartree-Fock NN interaction
Creators: name: Caillon, J. C.
name: Labarsouque, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1994
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the calculation of the $K^+$-nucleus cross sections, the coupling of the mesons exchanged between the $K^+$ and the target nucleons to the polarization of the Fermi and Dirac seas has been taken into account. This polarization has been calculated in the one-loop approximation but summed up to all orders (RPA approximation). For this calculation a density-dependent Brueckner-Hartree-Fock NN interaction providing a good description of both nuclear matter and finite nuclei has been used. The agreement with experiment is considerably improved.
description: 7 pages, LaTeX, 1 figure available upon request, preprint CENBG-94-th1
Globale Klima- und Gletscherveränderungen im Pleistozän und Holozän
Creators: name: Veit, Heinz
name: Groos, Alexander
Publisher: name: Universität Hamburg
Year: 2020
Subjects: Glacier Variations (Pleistocene), Holocene-glacier variation, changes in the cryosphere, High mountains, ice cores, marine cores, pollen, lake sediments, loess deposits

description: In den vergangenen 2,6 Mio. Jahren des Pleistozäns und Holozäns erlebte die Erde eine Fülle von teils drastischen Klima- und Umweltveränderungen, die sich sehr deutlich in Änderungen der Kryosphäre, mit dem Auf- und Abbau von Gebirgsgletschern und kontinentalen Inlandeismassen, widerspiegeln. Mit vertikalen Verschiebungen von Höhenstufen reagierten vor allem Hochgebirge sehr sensitiv auf diese Veränderungen. Diese komplexe Entwicklung ist durch die Analyse von z.B. Gletscherschwankungen, Eisbohrkernen, marinen Bohrkernen, Pollen, Seesedimenten und Lössablagerungen mit Verwitterungshorizonten (Paläoböden) bekannt. Global Climate and Glacier Variations during the Pleistocene and Holocene: During the past 2.6 my of the Pleistocene and Holocene, the Earth experienced a wealth of sometimes drastic climate and environmental changes, which are clearly reflected in changes in the cryosphere, with the build-up and decay of mountain glaciers and continental ice sheets. High mountains are especially sensitive to these changes and they reacted with vertical shifts of the altitudinal climate and vegetation belts. This complex environmental history has been reconstructed by analyzing e.g. glacier variations, ice cores, marine cores, pollen, lake sediments and loess deposits with weathering horizons (paleosols).
A Hierarchy of Empirical Models of Plasma Profiles and Transport
Creators: name: Imre, Kaya
name: Riedel, Kurt S.
name: Schunke, Beatrix
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Two families of statistical models are presented which generalize global confinement expressions to plasma profiles and local transport coefficients. The temperature or diffusivity is parameterized as a function of the normalized flux radius, $\barψ$, and the engineering variables, ${\bf u} = (I_p,B_t,\bar{n},q_{95})^\dagger$. The log-additive temperature model assumes that $\ln [T(\barψ, {\bf u})] =$ $f_0 (\barψ) + f_I (\barψ)\ln[I_p]$ $+ f_B (\barψ) \ln [B_t]$ $+ f_n (\barψ) \ln [ \bar{n}] + f_{q}\ln[q_{95}]$. The unknown $f_i (\barψ)$ are estimated using smoothing splines. A 43 profile Ohmic data set from the Joint European Torus is analyzed and its shape dependencies are described. The best fit has an average error of 152 eV which is 10.5 \% percent of the typical line average temperature. The average error is less than the estimated measurement error bars. The second class of models is log-additive diffusivity models where $\ln [ χ(\barψ, {\bf u})] $ $=\ g_0 (\barψ) + g_I (\barψ) \ln[I_p]$ $+ g_B (\barψ) \ln [B_t ]$ $+ g_n (\barψ) \ln [ \bar{n} ]$. These log-additive diffusivity models are useful when the diffusivity is varied smoothly with the plasma parameters. A penalized nonlinear regression technique is recommended to estimate the $g_i (\barψ)$. The physics implications of the two classes of models, additive log-temperature models and additive log-diffusivity models, are different. The additive log-diffusivity models adjust the temperature profile shape as the radial distribution of sinks and sources. In contrast, the additive log-temperature model predicts that the temperature profile depends only on the global parameters and not on the radial heat deposition.
Sex Trafficking in Cambodia
Creators: name: Schwartz, Abigail
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Asian Law
Year: 2004

description: In 1999, a Dan Sandler, an American living in Cambodia, added a live bondage sex show to his pornographic web site. The site, named “Rape Camp,” featured “Asian sex slaves” who were used for “bondage, discipline and humiliation.” The Cambodian women on the site were blindfolded, bound, gagged, and some had clothespins attached to their nipples. The site also advertised Cambodia’s flourishing sex trade, for those who are “sick of demanding American bitches who don’t know their place.” It volunteered to help tourists find cheap flights, hotels, and brothels. It also offered advice for naYve first timers. “Don’t pay in advance,” it counseled, “and don’t be bashful about sending her back if she doesn’t do as advertised or if there is some major attitude shift.” When the site came to the attention of Mu Soucha, the Cambodian Minister of Women’s Affairs, she demanded Sandler’s arrest and prosecution under Cambodia’s new anti-trafficking laws. Facing a five-year sentence, Sandler appealed to the United States government, which eventually intervened, arranging for him to be deported rather than prosecuted under Cambodian law. Sandler’s case is emblematic of Cambodia’s pandemic sex trafficking problem. It illustrates the ubiquity of cheap sex sold throughout the country and the often violent and abusive atmosphere in which women are forced to work. For altogether too many women and girls, Cambodia has become a virtual “rape camp.” The country has one of the fastest-growing sex industries in the world. It portrays the government’s ambivalence and often conflicting attitude towards its burgeoning sex trade. The state tolerates the country’s numerous commercial sex outlets, which are mostly based on coerced labor. Yet, in the hopes of improving its human rights reputation in the international community, it cracks down on high profile cases with a strong hand. Sandler’s exoneration demonstrates the ultimate impotence of Cambodia’s anti-trafficking legislation and the general immunity of traffickers from legal consequences.
description: Columbia Journal of Asian Law, Vol. 17 No. 2 (2004)
The End for Extended Inflation?
Creators: name: Liddle, A R
name: Lyth, D H
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper is based on a talk given by A R Liddle at the PASCOS/TEXAS meeting in December 1992, and will appear in the proceedings. The central result is that all known models of inflation which end in a first order phase transition can be ruled out by combining galaxy surveys at a few tens of Mpc with the COBE data (including the effect of gravitational waves). This conclusion is based on the work described in A R Liddle and D H Lyth, Phys Lett B 291 (1992) 391.
description: 8 pages 2 Figures, available from A R Liddle LAN-TH-93-02 `replaced' because original file corrupted in transit