cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Nonlocal gluon condensates in QCD sum rules
Creators: name: Pimikov, Alexandr V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlocal gluon condensates are vacuum expectations of the product of gluon field strength tensors. Short-distance expansions of two-, three-, and four-gluon condensates are presented up to dimension-8 local operators. We propose a method for calculating the Wilson coefficients based on the presented expansions and the Feynman diagram technique in the background field approach. The method is demonstrated using the glueball current correlators as examples. Methodological aspects of the background field approach are discussed in relation to glueball studies within QCD sum rules. We confirm the results for Operator Product Expansion (OPE) of the two-gluon $0^{\pm +}$ glueball current correlators and calculate additional contributions coming from dimension-6 four-quark condensate and dimension-8 mixed quark-gluon condensates. The OPEs used in QCD sum rules for three-gluon $0^{\pm +}$ glueballs are revisited up to dimension-6 order.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures, 6 tables
Thermo-hydrodynamic constraints of the thermal compressor on NH3/H2O absorption chiller performance
Creators: name: Palacios, Esther
name: Marcos, J. Daniel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Heat supply system based on absorption heat pump have great potentials on energy saving and emission reduction due to it can be powered by waste thermal energy and solar energy, reducing notable electricity consumption. The most common working fluid in absorption refrigeration cycles able to achieve subzero cooling temperatures is the ammonia/water pair. The European ASTEP project is being developed within this framework, and one of its main objectives is to demonstrate the feasibility of the application of solar thermal energy to partially cover the cooling demands at an industrial site, the MANDREKAS dairy company, with a cooling demand at 5ºC. Within that project, the present work aims to study the feasibility and main constrains to use a commercial air-cooled ammonia/water absorption chiller driven by a patented solar concentrator (SunDial) to satisfy the MANDREKAS’s cooling demand at different outdoor conditions. A key element of the air-cooled ammonia/water absorption refrigeration cycle is the thermal compressor, where different mass and heat transfer processes take place. The thermal compressor consists of a reboiler, a distillation column, a liquid-cooled rectifier, and an air-cooled absorber. The set of the first three devices (desorber) must provide ammonia vapor with a high degree of purity. Otherwise, the coefficient of performance will decrease because of the temperature glide, what will make not possible to cool down the medium of interest, and the water accumulation in the evaporator, with the consequent heat transfer process degradation. The air-cooled absorber must absorb the whole ammonia vapor production of the desorber. The performance of a thermal compressor operating under different conditions are studied considering the different limitations, mainly, of hydrodynamic nature, due to the limited capacity of the trays includes in the distillation column, of mass and heat transport nature, both liquid-vapor interface area or coupling fluid-solid surface area.
The role of symmetric vibrational modes in the dehoherence of correlation-driven charge migration
Creators: name: Vester, J.
name: Despré, V.
name: Kuleff, A. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to the electron correlation, a fast removal of an electron from a molecule may create a coherent superposition of cationic states and in this way initiate pure electronic dynamics in which the hole-charge left by ionization migrates throughout the system on an ultrashort time scale. The coupling to the nuclear motion introduces a decoherence that eventually traps the charge and a crucial question in the field of attochemistry is how long the electronic coherence lasts and which nuclear degrees of freedom are mostly responsible for the decoherence. Here, we report full-dimensional quantum calculations of the concerted electron-nuclear dynamics following outer-valence ionization of propynamide, which reveal that the pure electronic coherences last only 2-3 fs before being destroyed by the nuclear motion. Our analysis shows that the normal modes that are mostly responsible for the fast electronic decoherence are the symmetric in-plane modes. All other modes have little or no effect on the charge migration. This information can be useful to guide the development of reduced dimensionality models for larger systems or the search of molecules with long coherence times.
Nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance with a 1.9-nm-deep nitrogen-vacancy sensor
Creators: name: Loretz, M.
name: Pezzagna, S.
name: Meijer, J.
name: Degen, C. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present nanoscale NMR measurements performed with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers located down to about 2 nm from the diamond surface. NV centers were created by shallow ion implantation followed by a slow, nanometer-by-nanometer removal of diamond material using oxidative etching in air. The close proximity of NV centers to the surface yielded large 1H NMR signals of up to 3.4 uT-rms, corresponding to ~330 statistically polarized or ~10 fully polarized proton spins in a ~(1.8 nm)^3 detection volume.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Betulinic acid mitigates oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis and enhances longevity in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae model
Creators: name: J., Sudharshan S.
name: Narayanan, Ananth Krishna
name: Princilly, Jemima
name: Dyavaiah, Madhu
name: Nagegowda, Dinesh A.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Betulinic acid (BA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid found in certain plant species, has been reported to have several health benefits including antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. However, the mechanism by which BA confers these properties is currently unknown. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a budding yeast with a short life cycle and conserved cellular mechanism with high homology to humans, was used as a model for determining the role of BA in aging and programmed cell death (PCD). Treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exhibited significantly increased (30–35%) survivability of antioxidant (sod1Δ, sod2Δ, cta1Δ, ctt1Δ, and tsa1Δ) and anti-apoptotic (pep4Δ and fis1Δ) mutant strains when cells were pretreated with BA (30 µM) as demonstrated in spot and CFU (Colony forming units) assays. Measurement of intracellular oxidation level using the ROS-specific dye H2DCF-DA showed that all tested BA-pretreated mutants exhibited decreased ROS than the control when exposed to H2O2. Similarly, when mutant strains were pretreated with BA and then exposed to H2O2, there was reduced lipid peroxidation as revealed by the reduced malondialdehyde content. Furthermore, BA-pretreated mutant cells showed significantly lower apoptotic activity by decreasing DNA/nuclear fragmentation and chromatin condensation under H2O2-induced stress as determined by DAPI and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. In addition, BA treatment also extended the life span of antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mutants by ∼10–25% by scavenging ROS and preventing apoptotic cell death. Our overall results suggest that BA extends the chronological life span of mutant strains lacking antioxidant and anti-apoptotic genes by lowering the impact of oxidative stress, ROS levels, and apoptotic activity. These properties of BA could be further explored for its use as a valuable nutraceutical.
Speed of evolution in entangled fermionic systems
Creators: name: J., Sahory Canseco
name: Valdés-Hernández, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the simplest identical-fermion system that exhibits the phenomenon of entanglement (beyond exchange correlations) to analyze its speed of evolution towards an orthogonal state, and revisit the relation between this latter and the amount of fermionic entanglement. A characterization of the quantum speed limit and the orthogonality times is performed, throwing light into the general structure of the faster and the slower states. Such characterization holds not only for fermionic composites, but apply more generally to a wide family of 6-dimensional states, irrespective of the specific nature of the system. Further, it is shown that the connection between speed of evolution and entanglement in the fermionic system, though more subtle than in composites of distinguishable parties, may indeed manifest for certain classes of states.
Limiting P-odd interactions of cosmic fields with electrons, protons and neutrons
Creators: name: Roberts, B. M.
name: Stadnik, Y. V.
name: Dzuba, V. A.
name: Flambaum, V. V.
name: Leefer, N.
name: Budker, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose methods for extracting limits on the strength of P-odd interactions of pseudoscalar and pseudovector cosmic fields with electrons, protons and neutrons. Candidates for such fields are dark matter (including axions) and dark energy, as well as several more exotic sources described by standard-model extensions. Calculations of parity nonconserving amplitudes and atomic electric dipole moments induced by these fields are performed for H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ba+, Tl, Dy, Fr, and Ra+. From these calculations and existing measurements in Dy, Cs and Tl, we constrain the interaction strengths of the parity-violating static pseudovector cosmic field to be 7*10^(-15) GeV with an electron, and 3*10^(-8) GeV with a proton.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure
Remarks on the group-theoretical foundations of particle physics
Creators: name: Wilson, Robert A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I propose the group SL(4,R) as a generalisation of the Dirac group SL(2,C) used in quantum mechanics, as a possible basis on which to build a more general theory from which the standard model of particle physics might be derived as an approximation in an appropriate limit.
description: This is a preprint version of an article accepted for publication in the International Journal of Geometrical Methods in Modern Physics
Two-dimensional extrapolation procedure for ab initio study of nuclear size parameters and the properties of halo nucleus 6He
Creators: name: Rodkin, D. M.
name: Tchuvil'sky, Yu. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new two-dimensional procedure for extrapolation of the values of matter, neutron, and proton radii obtained in no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations to infinite size of its basis is proposed. A relationship between the radii is used as an additional test. Together with the JISP16 potential, which is frequently used in NCSM calculations of the radii, the Daejeon16 potential is applied for these purposes for the first time. Halo nucleus 6He is the object of studies. The small spread of radii values, successful testing using relationship between the values of these three radii, and reasonable agreement between the obtained results and experimental data as well as the results of other advanced ab initio calculations demonstrate the high efficiency of the developed approach and, therefore, good prospects for its application. The performed investigations and analysis of the results of other studies indicate that the halo of 6He has a large size 0.7 - 0.8 fm.
Fiction Machines: Oporavak (journal article)
Creators: name: Tweed, Charlie
Publisher: name: BathSPAdata
Year: 2021
Subjects: Digital and electronic media art
Screen and digital media not elsewhere classified
Digital heritage

description: Externally hosted journal article: https://www.creativemediaresearch.org/blog/fiction-machines-oporavak

Fiction Machines is a multi-component output comprising a body of video art works, a journal article, a curated symposium and a journal special issue. The research considers how media art works can be developed that expose, rewrite and critique the mechanisms of contemporary control technologies from informational and affective perspectives.

This item contains documentation of the journal article that was published in the International Journal of Creative Media Research.

The international Journal of Creative Media Research

Issue 1: March 2019 Article: Fiction Machines: OporavakDOI: https://doi.org/10.33008/IJCMR.2019.03

Author: Charlie Tweed, Bath Spa Universityhttps://www.creativemediaresearch.org/blog/fiction-machines-oporavak

Abstract

In this statement I consider the single screen video work Oporavak (2016), a work that has been shown in galleries, film festivals and media art biennales. The video is part of an ongoing research project called Fiction Machines where I interrogate how fictional methods can be used to produce works that propose new forms of machine that are able to escape, subvert and re-write contemporary control technologies, their content and modulation mechanisms. I begin by providing the theoretical context for Oporavak, highlighting the new forms of virtualised and biopolitical control that are enabled by networked computational writing machines powered by informatics and affective modulations. I then look at the fictional methods deployed in the production of the work including the speculative recycling of appropriated material and the deployment of the video as a form of subversive re-writing machine that both enhances and destabilises control mechanics. Finally, I consider how the video uses affective tactics to perform on, and manipulate, the expectations of the audience and their own conscious/unconscious control desires.
Additional file 1 of The triglyceride glucose index is a simple and low-cost marker associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a population-based study
Creators: name: Sangmo Hong
name: Kyungdo Han
name: Cheol-Young Park
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Risk of stroke, myocardial infarction, and both according to TyG index quartile without excluding participants taking hypoglycemic or lipid-lowering drugs. MODEL 1: Crude. MODEL 2: Adjusted for age and sex. MODEL 3: Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, low socioeconomic status, body mass index, hypertension, and total cholesterol level. MODEL 4: Adjusted for age, sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, low socioeconomic status, body mass index, hypertension, total cholesterol level, hypertension medication, warfarin, aspirin, hypoglycemic drugs, and statin.
Towards Non-Commutative Deformations of Relativistic Wave Equations in 2+1 Dimensions
Creators: name: Schroers, Bernd J.
name: Wilhelm, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the deformation of the Poincaré group in 2+1 dimensions into the quantum double of the Lorentz group and construct Lorentz-covariant momentum-space formulations of the irreducible representations describing massive particles with spin 0, 1/2 and 1 in the deformed theory. We discuss ways of obtaining non-commutative versions of relativistic wave equations like the Klein-Gordon, Dirac and Proca equations in 2+1 dimensions by applying a suitably defined Fourier transform, and point out the relation between non-commutative Dirac equations and the exponentiated Dirac operator considered by Atiyah and Moore.
Scalar field damping at high temperatures
Creators: name: Bodeker, Dietrich
name: Nienaber, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The motion of a scalar field that interacts with a hot plasma, like the inflaton during reheating, is damped, which is a dissipative process. At high temperatures the damping can be described by a local term in the effective equation of motion. The damping coefficient is sensitive to multiple scattering. In the loop expansion its computation would require an all-order resummation. Instead we solve an effective Boltzmann equation, similarly to the computation of transport coefficients. For an interaction with another scalar field we obtain a simple relation between the damping coefficient and the bulk viscosity, so that one can make use of known results for the latter. The numerical prefactor of the damping coefficient turns out to be rather large, of order $ 10 ^ 4 $.
description: 18 pages, explanations and some details added, references added, (non-)role of scale-invariance violation clarified, results unchanged. Closely resembles published version
Exposing Gravitational Waves below the Quantum Shot Noise
Creators: name: Yu, Hang
name: Martynov, Denis
name: Adhikari, Rana X
name: Chen, Yanbei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The sensitivities of ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors are limited by quantum shot noise at a few hundred Hertz and above. Nonetheless, one can use a quantum-correlation technique proposed by Martynov, et al. [Phys. Rev. A 95, 043831 (2017)] to remove the expectation value of the shot noise, thereby exposing underlying classical signals in the cross spectrum formed by cross-correlating the two outputs in a GW interferometer's anti-symmetric port. We explore here the prospects and analyze the sensitivity of using quantum correlation to detect astrophysical GW signals. Conceptually, this technique is similar to the correlation of two different GW detectors as it utilizes the fact that a GW signal will be correlated in the two outputs but the shot noise will be uncorrelated. Quantum correlation also has its unique advantages as it requires only a single interferometer to make a detection. Therefore, quantum correlation could increase the duty cycle, enhance the search efficiency, and enable the detection of highly polarized signals. In particular, we show that quantum correlation could be especially useful for detecting post-merger remnants of binary neutron stars with both short ($< 1\,{\rm s}$) and intermediate ($\sim 10-10^4\,{\rm s}$) durations and setting upper limits on continuous emissions from unknown pulsars.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, to be submitted to PRD
conte "Jean le teigneux" (discussion)
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2024

Abstract
Dynamic bonding influenced by the proximity of adatoms to one-atom high step edges
Creators: name: Dednam, W.
name: Tewari, S.
name: Lombardi, E. B.
name: Palacios, J. J.
name: van Ruitenbeek, J. M.
name: Sabater, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy is used here to study dynamic bonding of gold atoms on surfaces under low coordination conditions. In the experiments, using an atomically-sharp gold tip, a gold adatom is deposited onto a gold surface with atomic precision either on the first hollow site near a step edge, or far away from it. Classical molecular dynamics simulations at 4.2 K and density functional theory calculations serve to elucidate the difference in the bonding behavior between these two different placements, while also providing information on the crystalline classification of the STM tips based on their experimental performance.
Simplicity of heads and socles of tensor products
Creators: name: Kang, Seok-Jin
name: Kashiwara, Masaki
name: Kim, Myungho
name: Oh, Se-jin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 81R50, 16G, 17B37

description: We prove that, for simple modules $M$ and $N$ over a quantum affine algebra, their tensor product $M \otimes N$ has a simple head and a simple socle if $M \otimes M$ is simple. A similar result is proved for the convolution product of simple modules over quiver Hecke algebras. In the second version, the statement (1.11) (in the revised version) is modified and its proof is given in Section 4.
description: 21 pages (the first version), 23 pages (the second version)
Additional file 1 of Primary tumor resection with or without metastasectomy for left- and right-sided stage IV colorectal cancer: an instrumental variable analysis
Creators: name: Yao, Yi-Chen
name: Chen, Jun-Quan
name: Yin, Ling
name: Lin, Wu-Hao
name: Peng, Jian-Hong
name: Fan, Wen-Hua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Study Flow Chart.
Uniaxial ferromagnetism in the kagome metal TbV${_6}$Sn${_6}$
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Elliott
name: DeStefano, Jonathan M.
name: Guo, Yucheng
name: Oh, Ji Seop
name: Hashimoto, Makoto
name: Lu, Donghui
name: Birgeneau, Robert J.
name: Lee, Yongbin
name: Ke, Liqin
name: Yi, Ming
name: Chu, Jiun-Haw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The synthesis and characterization of the vanadium-based kagome metal TbV${_6}$Sn${_6}$ is presented. X-ray measurements confirm this material forms with the same crystal structure type as the recently investigated kagome metals GdV$_6$Sn$_6$ and YV$_6$Sn$_6$, with space group symmetry P6/mmm. A signature of a phase transition at 4.1K is observed in heat capacity, resistivity, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, and both resistivity and magnetization measurements exhibit hysteresis in magnetic field. Furthermore, a strikingly large anisotropy in the magnetic susceptibility was observed, with the c-axis susceptibility nearly 100 times the ab plane susceptibility at 2K. This is highly suggestive of uniaxial ferromagnetism, and the large size of 9.4$μ_b$/f.u. indicates the Tb$^{3+}$ $4f$ electronic moments cooperatively align perpendicular to the V kagome lattice plane. The entropy at the phase transition is nearly Rln(2), indicating that the CEF ground state of the Tb$^{3+}$ ion is a doublet, and therefore the sublattice of $4f$ electrons in this material can be shown to map at low temperatures to the Ising model in a D$_{6h}$ symmetry environment. Hall measurements at temperatures from 300K to 1.7K can be described by two-band carrier transport at temperatures below around 150K, with a large increase in both hole and electron mobilities, similar to YV$_6$Sn$_6$, and an anomalous Hall effect is seen below the ordering temperature. Angle-resolved photoemission measurements above the magnetic ordering temperature reveal typical kagome dispersions. Our study presents TbV${_6}$Sn${_6}$ as an ideal system to study the interplay between Ising ferromagnetism and non-trivial electronic states emerging from a kagome lattice.
Testing Dark Energy Models with Gamma-Ray Bursts Calibrated from the Observational $H(z)$ Data through a Gaussian Process
Creators: name: Li, Zihao
name: Zhang, Bin
name: Liang, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a cosmology-independent method to calibrate gamma-ray burst (GRB) from the observational Hubble data (OHD) with the cosmic chronometers method. By using Gaussian Process to reconstruct OHD, we calibrate the Amati relation ($E_{\rm p}$--$E_{\rm iso}$) to construct a GRB Hubble diagram with the A118 data set, and constrain Dark Energy models in a flat space with the Markov Chain Monte Carlo numerical method. With the cosmology-independent GRBs at $1.4
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS, now matches the editorially revised version
Additional file 1 of Deconvolution of cellular subsets in human tissue based on targeted DNA methylation analysis at individual CpG sites
Creators: name: Schmidt, Marco
name: Maié, Tiago
name: Dahl, Edgar
name: Costa, Ivan G.
name: Wagner, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Selection of cell-type specific CpGs for fibroblasts. Figure S2. Cox proportional hazards adjusted survival curves for FibroScore. Figure S3. Survival analysis in other types of cancer. Figure S4. Genomic context of cell-type-specific CpG sites. Figure S5. Gene expression of CpG related genes. Figure S6. Comparison of different deconvolution methods. Figure S7. Deconvolution of cell mixtures based on individual cell-type-specific CpGs. Figure S8. Representative pyrograms. Table S1. 450k/EPIC Illumina BeadChip datasets used in this study. Table S2. Advantages and limitations of pyrosequencing versus Illumina BeadChips. Table S3. Primer DNA sequences used for pyrosequencing.
Wall-sheared thermal convection: heat transfer enhancement and turbulence relaminarization
Creators: name: Xu, Ao
name: Xu, Ben-Rui
name: Xi, Heng-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We studied the flow organization and heat transfer properties in two-dimensional and three-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard cells that are imposed with different types of wall shear. The external wall shear is added with the motivation of manipulating flow mode to control heat transfer efficiency. We imposed three types of wall shear that may facilitate the single-roll, the horizontally stacked double-roll, and the vertically stacked double-roll flow modes, respectively. Direct numerical simulations are performed for fixed Rayleigh number $Ra = 10^{8}$ and fixed Prandtl number $Pr = 5.3$, while the wall-shear Reynolds number ($Re_{w}$) is in the range $60 \le Re_{w} \le 6000$. Generally, we found enhanced heat transfer efficiency and global flow strength with the increase of $Re_{w}$. However, even with the same magnitude of global flow strength, the heat transfer efficiency varies significantly when the cells are under different types of wall shear. An interesting finding is that by increasing the wall-shear strength, the thermal turbulence is relaminarized, and more surprisingly, the heat transfer efficiency in the laminar state is higher than that in the turbulent state. We found that the enhanced heat transfer efficiency at the laminar regime is due to the formation of more stable and stronger convection channels. We propose that the origin of thermal turbulence laminarization is the reduced amount of thermal plumes. Because plumes are mainly responsible for turbulent kinetic energy production, when the detached plumes are swept away by the wall shear, the reduced number of plumes leads to weaker turbulent kinetic energy production. We also quantify the efficiency of facilitating heat transport via external shearing, and find that for larger $Re_{w}$, the enhanced heat transfer efficiency comes at a price of a larger expenditure of mechanical energy.
description: 27 pages, 16 figures
On the definition of electromagnetic local spatial densities for composite spin-$1/2$ systems
Creators: name: Panteleeva, J. Yu.
name: Epelbaum, E.
name: Gegelia, J.
name: Meißner, U. -G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An unambiguous definition of the electromagnetic spatial densities for a spin-1/2 system is proposed and worked out in the zero average momentum frame and in moving frames. The obtained results are compared with the traditional definition of the densities in terms of the three-dimensional Fourier transforms of the electromagnetic form factors in the Breit frame.
Fiction Machines: Further video works - We Must Capture (full film)
Creators: name: Tweed, Charlie
Publisher: name: BathSPAdata
Year: 2021
Subjects: Digital and electronic media art
Communication technology and digital media studies
Screen and digital media not elsewhere classified

description: The material referenced in this item is located externally at on the Vimeo platform, and can be viewed in full by accessing via the provided link.

Fiction Machines is a multi-component output comprising a body of video art works, a journal article, a curated symposium and a journal special issue. The research considers how media art works can be developed that expose, rewrite and critique the mechanisms of contemporary control technologies from informational and affective perspectives.

This item contains documentation of a further video work that was developed as a result of the initial research. The video, We Must Capture (2018), builds upon the techniques used in Oporavak, appropriating text and image material and inventing hybrid fiction machines.

We must capture (2018) voices a plan for ‘perfecting the capture of the sphere of cognition’. Voiced by an anonymous collective, the machine voice calmly outlines how it will model and remodel all sorts of environments and capture human sensibility, embedding behavioural automatisms at the deepest levels of perception and desire. The ‘authors’ then identify a method for capturing humans by ‘feeding them what they want’ and here we see people engaged in eating competitions and gorging themselves in vats of liquid food. In the final section the work outlines how they will then scan and adapt these humans into new forms altering their ‘empathetics’ and utilising ‘neuroplasticity’ to change their thought patterns and their cognitive ability, to realise a uniformity of imagination.

This item contains the link to the full film, hosted externally on the Vimeo platform. 
Compressing and Comparing the Generative Spaces of Procedural Content Generators
Creators: name: Withington, Oliver
name: Tokarchuk, Laurissa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The past decade has seen a rapid increase in the level of research interest in procedural content generation (PCG) for digital games, and there are now numerous research avenues focused on new approaches for driving and applying PCG systems. An area in which progress has been comparatively slow is the development of generalisable approaches for comparing alternative PCG systems, especially in terms of their generative spaces. It is to this area that this paper aims to make a contribution, by exploring the utility of data compression algorithms in compressing the generative spaces of PCG systems. We hope that this approach could be the basis for developing useful qualitative tools for comparing PCG systems to help designers better understand and optimize their generators. In this work we assess the efficacy of a selection of algorithms across sets of levels for 2D tile-based games by investigating how much their respective generative space compressions correlate with level behavioral characteristics. We conclude that the approach looks to be a promising one despite some inconsistency in efficacy in alternative domains, and that of the algorithms tested Multiple Correspondence Analysis appears to perform the most effectively.
description: 8 pages, 3 Figures, 2 Tables, Accepted to Conference on Games 2022
Information entropy and temperature of the binary Markov chains
Creators: name: Usatenko, O. V.
name: Melnyk, S. S.
name: Pritula, G. M.
name: Yampol'skii, V. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose two different approaches for introducing the information temperature of the binary N-th order Markov chains. The first approach is based on comparing the Markov sequences with the equilibrium Ising chains at given temperatures. The second approach uses probabilities of finite-length subsequences of symbols occurring, which determine their entropies. The derivative of the entropy with respect to the energy gives the information temperature measured on the scale of introduced energy. For the case of nearest-neighbor spin/symbol interaction, both approaches provide similar results. However, the method based on the correspondence of the N-step Markov and Ising chains appears to be very cumbersome for N>3. We also introduce the information temperature for the weakly correlated one-parametric Markov chains and present results for the step-wise and power memory functions. An application of the developed method to obtain the information temperature of some literary texts is given.
Role of Quantum Confinement in Luminescence Efficiency of Group IV Nanostructures
Creators: name: Barbagiovanni, E. G.
name: Lockwood, D. J.
name: Rowell, N. L.
name: Filho, R. N. Costa
name: Berbezier, I.
name: Amiard, G.
name: Favre, L.
name: Ronda, A.
name: Faustini, M.
name: Grosso, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experimental results obtained previously for the photoluminescence efficiency (PL$_{eff}$) of Ge quantum dots (QDs) are theoretically studied. A $\log$-$\log$ plot of PL$_{eff}$ versus QD diameter ($D$) resulted in an identical slope for each Ge QD sample only when $E_{G}\sim (D^2+D)^{-1}$. We identified that above $D\approx$ 6.2 nm: $E_{G}\sim D^{-1}$ due to a changing effective mass (EM), while below $D\approx$ 4.6 nm: $E_{G}\sim D^{-2}$ due to electron/ hole confinement. We propose that as the QD size is initially reduced, the EM is reduced, which increases the Bohr radius and interface scattering until eventually pure quantum confinement effects dominate at small $D$.
Accurate predictions from small boxes: variance suppression via the Zel'dovich approximation
Creators: name: Kokron, Nickolas
name: Chen, Shi-Fan
name: White, Martin
name: DeRose, Joseph
name: Maus, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simulations have become an indispensable tool for accurate modelling of observables measured in galaxy surveys, but can be expensive if very large dynamic range in scale is required. We describe how to combine Lagrangian perturbation theory models with N-body simulations to reduce the effects of finite computational volume in the prediction of ensemble average properties in the simulations within the context of control variates. In particular we use the fact that Zel'dovich displacements, computed during initial condition generation for any simulation, correlate strongly with the final density field. Since all the correlators of biased tracers can be computed with arbitrary precision for these displacements, pairing the Zel'dovich `simulation' with the N-body realization allows hundredfold reductions in sample variance for power spectrum or correlation function estimation. Zel'dovich control variates can accurately extend matter or tracer field emulators to larger scales than previously possible, as well as improving measurements of statistics in simulations which are inherently limited to small volumes, such as hydrodynamical simulations of galaxy formation and reionization.
description: Updated to reflect published version
Autonomous Circular Heat Engine
Creators: name: Benenti, Giuliano
name: Casati, Giulio
name: Marchesoni, Fabio
name: Wang, Jiao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A dynamical model of a highly efficient heat engine is proposed, where an applied temperature difference maintains the motion of particles around the circuit consisting of two asymmetric narrow channels, in one of which the current flows against the applied thermodynamic forces. Numerical simulations and linear-response analysis suggest that, in the absence of frictional losses, the Carnot efficiency can be achieved in the thermodynamic limit.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Downstream or upstream administration of P2Y12 receptor blockers in non-ST elevated acute coronary syndromes: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Tarantini, Giuseppe
name: Mojoli, Marco
name: Varbella, Ferdinando
name: Caporale, Roberto
name: Rigattieri, Stefano
name: Andò, Giuseppe
name: Cirillo, Plinio
name: Pierini, Simona
name: Santarelli, Andrea
name: Sganzerla, Paolo
name: Cesare, Nicoletta De
name: Limbruno, Ugo
name: Lupi, Alessandro
name: Ricci, Roberto
name: Cernetti, Carlo
name: Favero, Luca
name: Saia, Francesco
name: Roncon, Loris
name: Gasparetto, Valeria
name: Ferlini, Marco
name: Ronco, Federico
name: Ferri, Luca
name: Trabattoni, Daniela
name: Russo, Alessandra
name: Guiducci, Vincenzo
name: Penzo, Carlo
name: Tarantino, Fabio
name: Mauro, Ciro
name: Marchese, Alfredo
name: Castiglioni, Battistina
name: Manna, Alessio La
name: Martinato, Matteo
name: Gregori, Dario
name: Angiolillo, Dominick J.
name: Musumeci, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT checklist – DUBIUS study protocol.
Boosted second-harmonic generation in the LiNbO$\mathrm{_3}$ metasurface governed by high-Q guided resonances and bound states in the continuum
Creators: name: Zheng, Ze
name: Xu, Lei
name: Huang, Lujun
name: Smirnova, Daria
name: Hong, Peilong
name: Ying, Cuifeng
name: Rahman, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To date, second-harmonic generation (SHG) at nanoscale has been concentrated on employing high-refractive-index nanostructures, owing to the strong field confinement at deep subwavelength scales based on optically resonant effects. However, low-index nanostructures generally exhibit weaker resonant effects and lower field confinement. To address this issue, by harnessing the large nonlinearity of LiNbO$\mathrm{_3}$, we propose a novel approach to employ guided resonances and bound states in the continuum (BICs) with a LiNbO$\mathrm{_3}$ metasurface consisting of a LiNbO$\mathrm{_3}$ disk array sitting on a LiNbO3 thin film. Such a system can transform the guided modes supported by LiNbO$\mathrm{_3}$ thin film into high-quality guided resonances which can be excited directly under plane-wave illumination. Importantly, we further demonstrate strong field confinement inside LiNbO3 thin film with tailorable Q-factor by realising a Friedrich-Wintgen BIC. Such a unique mode engineering enables a record-high SHG efficiency of 5\% under a pump intensity as low as 0.4 $\mathrm{MW/cm^{2}}$. Moreover, we reveal the influence of nonlinear resonances and cross-coupling on the SHG by showing the anomalous SHG and efficiency tuning with the rotation of the crystal axis. Our work offers a new route to constructing enhanced SHG based on high-Q guided resonances and BICs, including low-index and high-index nonlinear materials.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Ghost and Laplacian Instabilities in the Teleparallel Horndeski Gravity
Creators: name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Caruana, Maria
name: Said, Jackson Levi
name: Sultana, Joseph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Teleparallel geometry offers a platform on which to build up theories of gravity where torsion rather than curvature mediates gravitational interaction. The teleparallel analogue of Horndeski gravity is an approach to teleparallel geometry where scalar-tensor theories are considered in this torsional framework. Being teleparallel gravity of lower order in dynamics, this turns out to be more general than metric Horndeski gravity. In other words, the class of teleparallel Horndeski gravity models is much broader than the standard metric one. In this work, we explore constraints on this wide range of models coming from ghost and Laplacian instabilities. The aim is to limit pathological branches of the theory by fundamental considerations. It is possible to conclude that a very large class of models results physically viable.
Cutting-Plane Algorithms and Solution Whitening for the Vertex-Cover Problem
Creators: name: Claussen, G.
name: Hartmann, A. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase-transition behavior of the NP-hard vertex-cover (VC) combinatorial optimization problem is studied numerically by linear programming (LP) on ensembles of random graphs. As the basic Simplex (SX) algorithm suitable for such LPs may produce incomplete solutions for sufficiently complex graphs, the application of cutting-plane (CP) methods is sought. We consider Gomory and {0,1/2} cuts. We measure the probability of obtaining complete solutions with these approaches as a function of the average node degree c and observe transition between typically complete and incomplete phase regions. While not generally complete solutions are obtained for graphs of arbitrarily high complexity, the CP approaches still advance the boundary in comparison to the pure SX algorithm, beyond the known replica-symmetry breaking (RSB) transition at c=e=2.718... . In fact, our results provide evidence for another algorithmic transition at c=2.90(2). Besides this, we quantify the transition between easy and hard solvability of the VC problem also in terms of numerical effort. Further we study the so-called whitening of the solution, which is a measure for the degree of freedom that single vertices experience with respect to degenerate solutions. Inspection of the quantities related to clusters of white vertices reveals that whitening is affected, only slightly but measurably, by the RSB transition.
description: 14 pages, 9 figures
Atmospheric Circulation of Brown Dwarfs: Jets, Vortices, and Time Variability
Creators: name: Zhang, Xi
name: Showman, Adam P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A variety of observational evidence demonstrates that brown dwarfs exhibit active atmospheric circulations. In this study we use a shallow-water model to investigate the global atmospheric dynamics in the stratified layer overlying the convective zone on these rapidly rotating objects. We show that the existence and properties of the atmospheric circulation crucially depend on key parameters including the energy injection rate and radiative timescale. Under conditions of strong internal heat flux and weak radiative dissipation, a banded flow pattern comprising east-west jet streams spontaneously emerges from the interaction of atmospheric turbulence with the planetary rotation. In contrast, when the internal heat flux is weak and/or radiative dissipation is strong, turbulence injected into the atmosphere damps before it can self-organize into jets, leading to a flow dominated by transient eddies and isotropic turbulence instead. The simulation results are not very sensitive to the form of the forcing. Based on the location of the transition between jet-dominated and eddy-dominated regimes, we suggest that many brown dwarfs may exhibit atmospheric circulations dominated by eddies and turbulence (rather than jets) due to the strong radiative damping on these worlds, but a jet structure is also possible under some realistic conditions. Our simulated light curves capture important features from observed infrared lightcurves of brown dwarfs, including amplitude variations of a few percent and shapes that fluctuate between single-peak and multi-peak structures. More broadly, our work shows that the shallow-water system provides a useful tool to illuminate fundamental aspects of the dynamics on these worlds.
The Signal and the Noise - Full Film
Creators: name: Tweed, Charlie
Publisher: name: BathSPAdata
Year: 2021
Subjects: Digital heritage
Screen and digital media not elsewhere classified
Communication technology and digital media studies
Digital and electronic media art

description: The material referenced in this item is located externally at the Vimeo platform, and can be viewed in full by accessing via the provided link.

Commissioned by Animate Projects and funded by a Wellcome Trust Large Arts Award, The Signal and the Noise was developed during collaborative research with biomedical scientist Dr Darren Logan at Sanger Institute, Cambridge. In the film I address the following question: how can I produce a Sci/Art work that moves beyond data visualisation and employs fiction as an operational tool that enhances the collaborative process, brings recent developments in genetic technologies into view and generates discussion and debate amongst diverse audiences?
This item contains the link to the full film.