cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
$ππ$ Scattering in Three Flavour ChPT
Creators: name: Bijnens, Johan
name: Dhonte, Pierre
name: Talavera, Pere
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the scattering lengths for the $ππ$ processes in the three flavour Chiral Perturbation Theory (ChPT) framework at next-to-next-to-leading order. We then combine this calculation with the determination of the parameters from $K_{e4}$ and the masses and decay constants and compare with the results of a dispersive analysis of $ππ$ scattering. The comparison indicates a small but nonzero value for the $1/N_c$ suppressed NLO low energy constants $L_4^r$ and $L_6^r$.
description: 30 pages
A Cramér-von Mises test of uniformity on the hypersphere
Creators: name: García-Portugués, Eduardo
name: Navarro-Esteban, Paula
name: Cuesta-Albertos, Juan A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62H11, 62H15

description: Testing uniformity of a sample supported on the hypersphere is one of the first steps when analysing multivariate data for which only the directions (and not the magnitudes) are of interest. In this work, a projection-based Cramér-von Mises test of uniformity on the hypersphere is introduced. This test can be regarded as an extension of the well-known Watson test of circular uniformity to the hypersphere. The null asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is obtained and, via numerical experiments, shown to be tractable and practical. A novel study on the uniformity of the distribution of craters on Venus illustrates the usage of the test.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, 1 table
Searching for gauge theories with the conformal bootstrap
Creators: name: Li, Zhijin
name: Poland, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Infrared fixed points of gauge theories provide intriguing targets for the modern conformal bootstrap program. In this work we provide some preliminary evidence that a family of gauged fermionic CFTs saturate bootstrap bounds and can potentially be solved with the conformal bootstrap. We start by considering the bootstrap for $SO(N)$ vector 4-point functions in general dimension $D$. In the large $N$ limit, upper bounds on the scaling dimensions of the lowest $SO(N)$ singlet and traceless symmetric scalars interpolate between two solutions at $Δ=D/2-1$ and $Δ=D-1$ via generalized free field theory. In 3D the critical $O(N)$ vector models are known to saturate the bootstrap bounds and correspond to the kinks approaching $Δ=1/2$ at large $N$. We show that the bootstrap bounds also admit another infinite family of kinks ${\cal T}_D$, which at large $N$ approach solutions containing free fermion bilinears at $Δ=D-1$ from below. The kinks ${\cal T}_D$ appear in general dimensions with a $D$-dependent critical $N^*$ below which the kink disappears. We also study relations between the bounds obtained from the bootstrap with $SO(N)$ vectors, $SU(N)$ fundamentals, and $SU(N)\times SU(N)$ bi-fundamentals. We provide a proof for the coincidence between bootstrap bounds with different global symmetries. We show evidence that the proper symmetries of the underlying theories of ${\cal T}_D$ are subgroups of $SO(N)$, and we speculate that the kinks ${\cal T}_D$ relate to the fixed points of gauge theories coupled to fermions.
description: v1, 59 pages, 10 figures; v2, references added; v3, discussion on the critical flavor number improved, references added, version to appear in JHEP
title: Innovation and tradition: towards an institutional theory of religion
Creators: name: Disbrey, Claire
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1990

description: Philosophical theories of religion often appeal to supposed facts about the way religions change and, in particular, to the role of innovators. This, is true of theories that stress the priority of experience and the priority of language. In this thesis an historical case study of innovation in religion is used as evidence of the inadequacy of both these sorts of theories and to suggest that same form of 'institutional' theory would form a base for a more satisfactory theory of religion. Consideration is given to William James' and Alasdair McIntyre's accounts of religion and the implications of these for the roles of innovators. A case study of George Fox, wham they both invoke, is shown to validate neither, but to raise several general requirements for a theory of religion if it is satisfactorily to characterize innovation. The problems that arise in meeting these requirements in both empiricist theories and current theories derived fran Wittgenstein's ideas about language are surveyed. Problems encountered in attempts at setting up institutional theories in the field of aesthetics are considered. Any sort of essentialist theory or theories which see institutions solely in terms of bodies of people are rejected. Institutions are characterized'rather as repetitive forms of behaviour that have special representative or expressive meaning for a human community. It is demonstrated that the central concepts of religions - religious activities, religious objects and religious experiences - are institutional concepts. The criticisms that an institutional theory will inevitably lead to unacceptable forms of essentialism, relativism and naturalism, are faced and shown to be unfounded. It is concluded that it is possible to set up an institutional theory of religion that offers a satisfactory characterization of innovation in religion.
title: The early history of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall 1814-1850
Creators: name: Crook, Denise Anne
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1990

description: The origins and early membership of the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, founded in Penzance in 1814, are examined, and it is concluded that the institution was established mainly to provide a source of culture for a middle class group of men; however in the initial years, the Cornish mining industry, in which many of them had investments, was also a major concern. Comparisons are made with a number of similar societies, including the Royal Institution of Cornwall (f. 1818) and the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic society (f. 1833). It is shown that the RGSC had some similarities with other provincial societies, but two important differences are singled out; specialisation in geology, and the relative unimportance of religious dissent. Three case studies are presented. The first describes the society's efforts to produce a geological map of Cornwall, and argues that a map published in 1832 was inadequate, and met the needs neither of the society, nor of the mining industry. The second study looks at investigations of mineral veins and a survey of Cornish mines made by WJ Henwood, and concludes that although some useful results were presented, these were of little lasting value. The work of RW Fox on the electromagnetic origins of mineral veins is discussed, with attention to the reasons for Fox's presentation of his work to institutions other than the RGSC. The final case study examines the subject of health and safety in mines. The geological work of the society is described, and it is concluded that although the Geological Society of London was possibly used as a model, members of the RGSC were prepared to follow more diverse geological interests than were members of the London Society, partly because of the nature of Cornish geology, but also because they initially paid attention to the utilitarian applications of the subject.
Bericht über die „Peatlands Conference 2002“ vom 17.-21. September in Hannover
Report on the „Peatlands Conference 2002“ in Hanover, September, 17-21
Creators: name: Caspers, Gerfried
name: Steffens, Peter
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 2002

description: Die Veranstaltung, die vom Niedersächsischen Landesamt für Denkmalpflege, Referat Archäologie, initiiert und hervorragend organisiert war, stand unter dem Motto „Peatlands – Archaeological Sites – Archives of Nature – Nature Conservation and Wise Use“. An der Durchführung waren weiterhin das Landesmuseum Hannover, die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Moor- und Torfkunde und die International Peat Society beteiligt. Von eingeladenen Wissenschaftlern wurden neben den moorarchäologischen Themen auch die naturräumlichen Bedingungen, unter denen sich Moore bilden, Nutzungs- und Schutzkonzepte in verschiedenen Vorträgen und auf einer zweitägigen Exkursion beleuchtet. Maßgeblichen Anteil an dem guten Gelingen dieser Veranstaltung hatte Herr A. BAUEROCHSE, dem an dieser Stelle noch einmal ausdrücklich für seinen Einsatz gedankt werden soll.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: conference
title: The concept of self (atman) in Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy
Creators: name: Laine, Joy Elizabeth
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1990

description: Nyaya, one of Hinduism's six orthodox schools of philosophy has been of interest to western philosophers largely because of its sophisticated analysis of logical and linguistic problems. In India, the purpose of the orthodox school (or dar'ana - "view") has been to lead the student toward liberation (moka). Hence Nyaya's preoccupation with logic should not in itself preclude a real concern with moka. The broad aim of my thesis therefore, is to determine how Nyya functions as a complete darana, to see if indeed the various aspects of the system stand together as a coherent mokamãrga (way to release). Because Hindus conceive of salvation as the realization of a transcendental Self (tman), and because the nature of such a Self has been a prime focus for Indian philosophical debate, this thesis will concentrate on the Nyãya understanding of ãtman, and the logical arguments for its existence. Nyãya philosophers played a leading role in arguing against their Buddhist opponents in India who denied the existence of any such transcendental Self. The debate, which endured for many hundreds of years, culminated in the eleventh century A.D. with the works of Udayana, a leading Nyãya philosopher, and his Buddhist opponents, JnaIrimitra and Ratnakirti, after which time the Buddhist challenge waned in India, and the Nyãya school, known in its later phase as Navya-Nyãya, became more concerned with the method rather than the substance of the arguments. In this thesis I concentrate on one particular text of Udayana, the Atmatattvaviveka (The Discrimination of the Reality of the Self), for in this text Udayana arranged most of the major disputes that had engaged Nyãya and Buddhist philosophers in the preceding centuries in such a way as to clearly display their relevance for the debate about ãtman. The main body of my thesis consists of translations from this hitherto largely untranslated work, and discussions of some of the important arguments found therein. The concluding part of my thesis uses my findings for the broader discussion of the importance of ãtman in Nyãya, and the place of Nyãya within the wider spectrum of Indian soteriological thought.
title: The effect of international law and international institutions on the place of war in society in the 20th century
Creators: name: Jones, Edmund Eric
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: Competing claims for primacy by national and international interests traditionally accommodated a sovereign national right to use force in international disputes. At the same time binding international law was being developed to limit wars and mitigate their excesses. The two World Wars emphasized a need to curtail unfettered national sovereignty and increase co-operation between States. The creation of an international regulatory institution open to all States, designed to foster a climate in which peaceful resolution of international disputes was the norm would, it was hoped, eliminate a place for war in Society, Accordingly, the unsuccessful League of Nations (1919), superseded by the' United Nations Organisation (1945), were created. Since 1945 the number of independent States in membership of the United Nations has multiplied but the organization has been dominated by two blocs formed on two nuclear powers with opposed ideologies. The effect of developing technology, and lack of consensus in both General Assembly and Security Council has been that wars have continued, weapons have become more powerful and more readily available, and States continue to put their national interests before the interests of the global society the organization was designed to protect. Technology continues to ensure a danger of nuclear war, and States continue to feel it essential to arm for defence and deterrence. With these contemporary influences in mind this thesis considers: (a) the International Laws of War and their application to International Law and Order, (b) arguments which sought to justify or abolish wars, and (c) means extant and proposed to define and confine the legal limits of war, and conduct in war, through humanitarian law, arms control and disarmament, with a view to concluding whether international law and international institutions have affected the place of war in society in the XXth Century.
Innovative approaches to melodic elaboration in contemporary Tabuh Kreasi Baru
Creators: name: Steele, Peter Michael
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The following thesis has two goals. The first is to present a comparison of recent theories of Balinese music, specifically with regard to techniques of melodic elaboration. By comparing the work of Wayan Rai, Made Bandem, Wayne Vitale, and Michael Tenzer, I will investigate how various scholars choose to conceptualize melodic elaboration in modern genres of Balinese gamelan. The second goal is to illustrate the varying degrees to which contemporary composers in the form known as Tabuh Kreasi are expanding this musical vocabulary. In particular I will examine their innovative approaches to melodic elaboration. Analysis of several examples will illustrate how some composers utilize and distort standard compositional techniques in an effort to challenge listeners' expectations while still adhering to indigenous concepts of balance and flow. The discussion is preceded by a critical reevaluation of the function and application of the western musicological terms polyphony and heterophony.
Proposal for a nanomechanical qubit
Creators: name: Pistolesi, F.
name: Cleland, A. N.
name: Bachtold, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mechanical oscillators have been demonstrated with very high quality factors over a wide range of frequencies. These also couple to a wide variety of fields and forces, making them ideal as sensors. The realization of a mechanically-based quantum bit could therefore provide an important new platform for quantum computation and sensing. Here we show that by coupling one of the flexural modes of a suspended carbon nanotube to the charge states of a double quantum dot defined in the nanotube, it is possible to induce sufficient anharmonicity in the mechanical oscillator so that the coupled system can be used as a mechanical quantum bit. This can however only be achieved when the device enters the ultrastrong coupling regime. We discuss the conditions for the anharmonicity to appear, and we show that the Hamiltonian can be mapped onto an anharmonic oscillator, allowing us to work out the energy level structure and how decoherence from the quantum dot and the mechanical oscillator are inherited by the qubit. Remarkably, the dephasing due to the quantum dot is expected to be reduced by several orders of magnitude in the coupled system. We outline qubit control, readout protocols, the realization of a CNOT gate by coupling two qubits to microwave cavity, and finally how the qubit can be used as a static force quantum sensor.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures. Final version published on Physical Review X. Replacement includes a new section on the CNOT gate
Gesetzliche Grundlagen für Bodenabbau-Genehmigungsverfahren
Legal foundations of authorization procedures for surface-near nuneral resources extraction
Creators: name: Falkenberg, Hartmut
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1991

description: Die erste gesetzliche Grundlage für die Torfgewinnung war das Moorschutzgesetz aus dem Jahr 1913 für die damalige preußische Provinz Hannover. Weitere Moorschutzgesetze folgten für andere Landesteile. Zielsetzung dieser Gesetzgebung war es, die Torfgewinnung so zu steuern, daß anschließend die Möglichkeit einer vorteilhaften land- und forstwirtschaftlichen Nutzung bestand. Anfang der 70er Jahre wurde der Bodenabbau für alle Oberflächennahen Rohstoffe durch naturschutzorientierte Gesetze geregelt, so 2.8. in Niedersachsen seit dem 15.März 1972 durch das sogenannte Bodenabbaugesetz, dessen wesentliche Bestimmungen 1981 in das Niedersächsische Naturschutzgesetz übernommen wurden. Die gesetzlichen Vorschriften für das Genehmigungsverfahren sowie die dazu ergangenen technischen Hinweise für die Herrichtung von Hochmoorflächen nach Torfabbau werden erläutert.
description: The first legal basis for peat extraction was the Prussian Law For Peatland Protection enacted in 1913 for the province of Hanover. Other laws for the protection of peatland-followed for other regions. It was the objective of that legislation to control peat winning in such a way that subsequent profitable utilization for agricultural or forestry purposes was possible. In the early seventies the extraction of all surface-near mineral resources was regulated by nature conservation oriented laws, as e.g. in Lower Saxony by the so-called Bodenabbaugesetz which was enacted on March 15, 1972; its fundamental provisions were adopted by the Law for Nature Conservation for Lower Saxony. The legal foundations of authorization procedures and the technical instructions for the preparation of cutaway bogs are explained.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: report
New superconduting cuprates with no effective doping: T'-(La3+)2-x(RE3+)xCuO4
Creators: name: Tsukada, A.
name: Krockenberger, Y.
name: Yamamoto, H.
name: Naito, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the synthesis of new superconducting cuprates T'-La2-xRExCuO4 (RE = Sm, Eu, Tb, Lu, and Y) using molecular beam epitaxy. The new superconductors have no effective dopant, at least nominally. The substitution of isovalent RE for La was essentially performed to stabilize the T' phase of La2CuO4 instead of the T phase. The maximum Tconset is ~ 25 K and Tczero is ~ 21 K. The keys to our discovery are (1) the preparation of high-crystalline-quality La-based T' films by low-temperature (~ 650C) thin film processes, and (2) more thorough removal of impurity oxygen at the apical site, which is achieved by the larger in-plane lattice constant (a0) of T'-La2-xRExCuO4 than other T'-Ln2CuO4 (Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd) with the aid of large surface-to-volume ratio of thin films.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures (Proceedings of the 16th international symposium on superconductivity (ISS 2003), to be published in Physica C)
Thermodynamic behavior of modified integer-spin Kitaev models on the honeycomb lattice
Creators: name: Bradley, Owen
name: Oitmaa, Jaan
name: Sen, Diptiman
name: Singh, Rajiv R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the thermodynamic properties of modified spin-$S$ Kitaev models introduced by Baskaran, Sen and Shankar (Phys. Rev. B 78, 115116 (2008)). These models have the property that for half-odd-integer spins their eigenstates map on to those of spin-1/2 Kitaev models, with well-known highly entangled quantum spin-liquid states and Majorana fermions. For integer spins, the Hamiltonian is made out of commuting local operators. Thus, the eigenstates can be chosen to be completely unentangled between different sites, though with a significant degeneracy for each eigenstate. For half-odd-integer spins, the thermodynamic properties can be related to the spin-1/2 Kitaev models apart from an additional degeneracy. Hence we focus here on the case of integer spins. We use transfer matrix methods, high temperature expansions and Monte Carlo simulations to study the thermodynamic properties of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic models with spin $S=1$ and $S=2$. Apart from large residual entropies, which all the models have, we find that they can have a variety of different behaviors. Transfer matrix calculations show that for the different models, the correlation lengths can be finite as $T\to 0$, become critical as $T\to 0$ or diverge exponentially as $T\to 0$. There is a conserved $Z_2$ flux variable associated with each hexagonal plaquette which saturates at the value $+1$ as $T\rightarrow0$ in all models except the $S=1$ antiferromagnet where the mean flux remains zero as $T\to 0$. We provide qualitative explanations for these results.
description: 14 pages and 7 figures
Microwave spectroscopy for pyrolytic bio-slurries
Creators: name: Göller, Arndt
name: Jungstand, Björn
name: Dahmen, Nicolaus
name: Raffelt, Klaus
Publisher: name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2021
Subjects: microwave
spectroscopy
renewable fuels
biocrude oil
bioliq®
bio-slurry
multivariate data analysis
PLSR

description: The elemental composition of bio-slurry as intermediate for renewable fuel production in the bioliq® process of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, its water content and heating value have to be controlled carefully to regulate the gasification process and to adjust the gasification products. The continuous knowledge of the bioslurry composition is very important for this. Microwave spectroscopic measuring methods in connection with a multivariate data analysis to data evaluation are, however, well suited for solving such measuring tasks. This was the motivation to evaluate the use of microwave spectroscopy techniques for following up the properties of bio-slurry in the bioliq® process. Two different microwave spectroscopic measuring systems were tested in this application. A large number of test measurements was carried out, with good results.
$σ(600)$ and background in $ππ$ scattering
Creators: name: Kaloshin, A. E.
name: Persikov, V. M.
name: Vall, A. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest a simple analytical description of the S-wave isoscalar $ππ$ amplitude, which corresponds to a joint dressing of the bare resonance and background contributions. The amplitude describes well the experimental data on the $δ^0_0$ phase shift in the energy region below 900 MeV and has two poles in the $Re s > 0$ half-plane. Besides the well-known pole of $σ(600)$-meson with $Re s \sim m_π^2$, there exists a more distant pole with $Re s \sim 0.6 GeV^2$. Our analysis indicates for the dynamical origin of the $σ(600)$ pole, while the second pole should be associated with lowest $q\bar{q}$ state.
description: LaTeX2e, 11 pages with 7 figures;final version accepted in EPJ A
title: Amateur brass and wind bands in Southern England between the late eighteenth century and circa 1900
Creators: name: Lomas, Michael John
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1990

description: This thesis examines and offers explanations for the development of largely working-class amateur brass and wind bands in southern England in the late eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. It begins by describing the beginnings of widespread amateur banding and considers the contribution made to the later development of bands by militia and volunteer bandsp church bands and civilian secular bands in the period from the late eighteenth century up to about Queen Victoria's accession. The second part of this study attempts to explain the expansion of banding in the. Victorian period, paying particular attention to the importance of middleclass ideologies in motivating working-class men. It is suggested that the financial support provided for bands in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries - particularly by the wealthier members of society - facilitated the development of musical skills and traditions amongst the working class. Early bands made band music familiar and popular to the population. They helped develop a tradition of organisedl disciplined music-making and also encouraged the beginnings of commercial activity associated with banding. There was a variety of reasons for the expansion of banding in Victoria's reign. Bands were supported by some of the wealthier classes; there were improvements in the time and money available to working-class people for recreation; chromatic brass instruments were introduced; after 1859, the volunteer force gave considerable support to bands. The development of banding was also assisted by the increasing promotionv availability and cheapness of instruments and music. It is argued that middle-class ideologies probably had a small influence over the working-class men associated in various ways with bands. Furthermore, the increasing integration of southern banding into the brass band movement's contesting activities and the growing importance of commercialism may have made bandsmen less amenable to middle-class prescriptions in some respects,
Top Background Extrapolation for H -> WW Searches at the LHC
Creators: name: Kauer, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A leading order (LO) analysis is presented that demonstrates that key top backgrounds to H -> W^+W^- -> l^\pm l^\mp \sla{p}_T decays in weak boson fusion (WBF) and gluon fusion (GF) at the CERN Large Hadron Collider can be extrapolated from experimental data with an accuracy of order 5% to 10%. If LO scale variation is accepted as proxy for the theoretical error, parton level results indicate that the tt~j background to the H -> WW search in WBF can be determined with a theoretical error of about 5%, while the tt~ background to the H -> WW search in GF can be determined with a theoretical error of better than 1%. Uncertainties in the parton distribution functions contribute an estimated 3% to 10% to the total error.
description: 17 pages, 9 tables, 4 figures; LO caveat emphasized, version to be published in Phys. Rev. D
title: The limits of local politics: local socialism and the local economy in the 1980s; a case study of Sheffield's economic policies
Creators: name: Cochrane, Allan Douglas
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: The analysis of local politics has too often been partial and one-sided. Dominant approaches to its study have tended to emphasise either the institutions of local government, or the logic of the local state, or (more recently) its relationship to localities. This thesis seeks to bring together a range of different approaches in ways which make it easier to explore the processes of local politics, acknowledging that no single approach is likely to provide all the answers. But it argues that those debates which build links between politics and geography, around the notion of locality , are particularly helpful, as long as they do not lose sight of politics within the state (as expressed, for example, in Rhodes' discussion of policy networks), and (following Duncan, Goodwin, Halford, and Savage) as long as localities are not understood as coherent expressions of underlying relations. Following a critical discussion of the locality debates (associated with the ESRC's Changing Urban and Regional System programme), it is suggested that notions of local growth coalition (as developed by Cox and Mair) and urban corporatism (as developed by Harvey) may be helpful in analysing change at local level. This suggestion is taken further through a case study of the development of 'local socialism' and of local economic policies in Sheffield in the 1980s. The concluding chapter seeks to set out the lessons which can be drawn from the Sheffield experience, relating back to the earlier arguments, as well as suggesting ways of integrating those conclusions with the analyses of the state developed by Jessop at a more abstract level.
title: People like us: gentrification and the service class in Hackney in the 1980s
Creators: name: Butler, Timothy S. C.
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1992

description: This is a study of service-class residents in Hackney, an inner London borough situated directly to the north of the City of London. The main focus of the study is on why these people chose to live in Hackney in the first place, why they have stayed and what influence living in Hackney has had on their social and political attitudes. Chapters two to four are concerned with debates about the structure and class formation of the service-class, whether it is one class or many, what (if any) are its political allegiances, and the relationship between the service-class and gentrification. Chapter five considers the changes which have taken place in London and Hackney over the last fifteen years. Chapter six introduces the empirical basis for this discussion: a survey of 245 largely service-class recent homebuyers in two areas of Hackney. Chapters seven to nine present these findings which show that the respondents are representative of a distinct, and elite, sub-group of the service class, in terms of their family background, their income and occupation and in their social and political attitudes. Whilst many respondents initially came to Hackney because of its cheap housing and central location, their reasons for staying have more to do with the cultural significance of living in inner London. This, in turn, has had important consequences for their social, cultural and political behaviour. The concluding chapter suggests that there are 'locality effects' observable in the behaviour and attitudes of service-class residents in Hackney which are reasons for living in inner London and consequences of living there. There are also significant differences between the two areas studied which may have implications for the internal formation of the service-class even within a spatially delimited area, such as inner London.
Probleme im Artenschutz des Feuchtgrünlandes auf Niedermooren in Schleswig-Holstein
Problems of plant protection on wet grassland in Schleswig—Hostein, FRG
Creators: name: Eigner, Jürgen
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1990

description: Extensiv genutztes-Feuchtgrünland hat in unserer Kulturlandschaft eine große Bedeutung für den botanischen Artenschutz. Sein Arteninventar ist heute aufgrund der Intensivierung der landwirtschaftlichen Nutzung, andererseits aber auch durch Aufgabe der Nutzung in hohem Maße bedroht. Aus der Erkenntnis dieser Sachlage läuft seit 1983 in Schleswig-Holstein ein Programm zur Erfassung von Feuchtgrünländereien insbesondere auf Niedermooren als Grundlage eines Artenhilfsprogrammes sowie für die seit 1985 angebotene Extensivierungsförderung. Hierzu werden die gesetzlichen Grundlagen, die Methodik und erste Ergebnisse mitgeteilt. Eine extensive Nutzung steht heute im Naturschutz auch in Konkurrenz mit der Aufgabe der Nutzung überhaupt. Es wird dargestellt, daß zum Erhalt von rund ein Viertel der Arten der Roten Listen Pflegemaßnahmen unabdingbar notwendig sind.
description: Wet meadows and pasture-land are of high importance for the protection of plants. Nowadays the species are highly endangered by the more intensive use of agricultural land but equally by discontinuation of land-use. Therefore in Schleswig-Holstein since 1983 a programme has been started to register the extensive pasture-land especially on fens as a basis for a protection programme as well as for an extensive farmland programme going since 1985. Legal instruments, methods, and first results are reported. In these days extensive utilization stands in concurrence to giving up use on the whole. It is shown, that for the conservation of about a quarter of the endangered plant species protective measures are unalterably necessary.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: research
The linear-non-linear substitution 2-monad
Creators: name: Hyland, Martin
name: Tasson, Christine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We introduce a general construction on 2-monads. We develop background on maps of 2-monads, their left semi-algebras, and colimits in 2-category. Then, we introduce the construction of a colimit induced by a map of 2-monads, show that we obtain the structure of a 2-monad and give a characterisation of its algebras. Finally, we apply the construction to the map of 2-monads between free symmetric monoidal and the free cartesian 2-monads and combine them into a linear-non-linear 2-monad.
description: In Proceedings ACT 2020, arXiv:2101.07888
title: Design, decisions and dialogue
Creators: name: Blandford, Ann
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: This thesis presents a design for an Intelligent Educational System to support the teaching of design evaluation in engineering. The design consists of a simple computerbased tool (or 'learning environment') for displaying and manipulating infonnation used in the course of problem solving, with a separate dialogue component capable of discussing aspects of the problem and of the problem solving strategy with the user. Many of the novel features of the design have been incorporated in a prototype system called WOMBAT. The main focus of this research has been on the design of the dialogue component. The design of the dialogue component is based on ideas taken from recent work on rational agency. The dialogue component has expertise in engaging in dialogues which support collaborative problem solving (involving system and user) in domains characterised as justified beliefs. It is capable of negotiating about what to do next and about what beliefs to take into account in problem solving. The system acquires problem-related beliefs by applying a simple plausible reasoning mechanism to a database of possible beliefs. The dialogue proceeds by turn-taking in which the current speaker constructs their chosen utterance (which may consist of several propositions and questions) and explicitly indicates when they have finished. When it is the system's turn to make an utterance, it decides what to say based on its beliefs about the current situation and on the likely utility of the various possible responses which it considers appropriate in the circumstances. Two aspects of the problem solving have been fully implemented. These are the discussion about what criteria a decision should be based on and the discussion about what decision step should be taken next. The system's contributions to the interaction are opportunistic, in the sense that at a dialogue level the system does not try to plan beyond the current utterance, and at a problem solving level it does not plan beyond the next action. The results of a formative evaluation of WOMBAT, in which it was exposed to a number of engineering educators, indicate that it is capable of engaging in a coherent dialogue, and that the dialogue is seen to have a pedagogical purpose. Although the approach of reasoning about the next action opportunistically has not proved adequate at a problem solving level, at a dialogue level it yields good results.
title: Acoustic propagation near porous and elastic boundaries
Creators: name: Tooms, Stephen
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1991

description: A model for predicting the response of a system composed of a fluid halfspace, overlying a porous ground layer, resting on an elastic halfspace, to incident plane waves, is developed to include further porous elastic layers within the ground. The dynamic properties of the porous elastic layers are modelled using a modified Biot formulation. Using the same boundary conditions a Fast Field algorithm for Layered Air Ground Systems (FFLAGS) is formulated to predict acoustic propagation and acoustic-seismic coupling in the model layered system due to a point source in a horizontally stratified atmosphere. This is a full wave solution. Results are compared to those of existing propagation prediction methods. FFLAGS has been used to predict (i) the effects of temperature gradients on short range propagation over an asphalt like surface, (ii) sensitivity of received sound pressure levels to ground parameters for various atmospheric conditions, and (iii) the influence of ground parameters on acoustic-seismic coupling. Predictions of acoustic surface waves in the presence of an upward refracting atmosphere using Creeping wave theory and the FFP method have been shown to agree. Dispersion equation based predictions of surface wave types have been assessed. It has been shown that the high velocity surface waves predicted by dispersion equation solutions on porous and elastic ground surfaces are not predicted to be excited by a point source. However several other surface wave modes have been predicted in layered systems, similar to those predicted in visco-elastic media. The influence of ground elasticity on received sound pressure levels is examined. Measurable effects of elasticity of the surface are predicted for low density materials, and measured over a low density polyester foam. Controlled experiments have been performed to study the effect of soil wetting on acoustic to seismic coupling. It is found that the observed effects can be modelled using FFLAGS.
Die Organisation von Torf- und Humuswirtschaft
On the organization of peat and humus industry
Creators: name: Falkenberg, Hartmut
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1991

description: Es werden Aufgaben und Ziele der von der Torf- und Humuswirtschaft im westlichen Teil der Bundesrepublik getragenen Institutionen erläutert. Des weiteren wird die Struktur und gegenwärtige Situation dieses Wirtschaftszweiges beschrieben.
description: The tasks and objectives of the institutions supported by the West German peat and humus industry are explained. Furthermore, the structure and the present situation of this sector of the economy is described.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
description: report
Advances of 2nd Life Applications for Lithium Ion Batteries from Electric Vehicles Based on Energy Demand
Creators: name: Wewer, Aleksandra
name: Bilge, Pinar
name: Dietrich, Franz
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten
subject: circular economy
subject: remanufacturing
subject: multiple life cycles
subject: electromobility
subject: lithium ion battery

description: Electromobility is a new approach to the reduction of CO2 emissions and the deceleration of global warming. Its environmental impacts are often compared to traditional mobility solutions based on gasoline or diesel engines. The comparison pertains mostly to the single life cycle of a battery. The impact of multiple life cycles remains an important, and yet unanswered, question. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate advances of 2nd life applications for lithium ion batteries from electric vehicles based on their energy demand. Therefore, it highlights the limitations of a conventional life cycle analysis (LCA) and presents a supplementary method of analysis by providing the design and results of a meta study on the environmental impact of lithium ion batteries. The study focuses on energy demand, and investigates its total impact for different cases considering 2nd life applications such as (C1) material recycling, (C2) repurposing and (C3) reuse. Required reprocessing methods such as remanufacturing of batteries lie at the basis of these 2nd life applications. Batteries are used in their 2nd lives for stationary energy storage (C2, repurpose) and electric vehicles (C3, reuse). The study results confirm that both of these 2nd life applications require less energy than the recycling of batteries at the end of their first life and the production of new batteries. The paper concludes by identifying future research areas in order to generate precise forecasts for 2nd life applications and their industrial dissemination.
The rotation of alpha Oph investigated using polarimetry
Creators: name: Bailey, Jeremy
name: Cotton, Daniel V.
name: Howarth, Ian D.
name: Lewis, Fiona
name: Kedziora-Chudczer, Lucyna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently we have demonstrated that high-precision polarization observations can detect the polarization resulting from the rotational distortion of a rapidly rotating B-type star. Here we investigate the extension of this approach to an A-type star. Linear-polarization observations of $α$ Oph (A5IV) have been obtained over wavelengths from 400 to 750 nm. They show the wavelength dependence expected for a rapidly-rotating star combined with a contribution from interstellar polarization. We model the observations by fitting rotating-star polarization models and adding additional constraints including a measured $v_e \sin{i}$. However, we cannot fully separate the effects of rotation rate and inclination, leaving a range of possible solutions. We determine a rotation rate $ω= Ω/Ω_ c$ between 0.83 and 0.98 and an axial inclination i > 60 deg. The rotation-axis position angle is found to be 142 $\pm$ 4 deg, differing by 16 deg from a value obtained by interferometry. This might be due to precession of the rotation axis due to interaction with the binary companion. Other parameters resulting from the analysis include a polar temperature Tp = 8725 $\pm$ 175 K, polar gravity $\log{g_p} = 3.93 \pm 0.08$ (dex cgs), and polar radius $R_{\rm p} = 2.52 \pm 0.06$ Rsun. Comparison with rotating-star evolutionary models indicates that $α$ Oph is in the later half of its main-sequence evolution and must have had an initial $ω$ of 0.8 or greater. The interstellar polarization has a maximum value at a wavelength ($λ_{\rm max}$) of $440 \pm 110$ nm, consistent with values found for other nearby stars.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, Accepted in MNRAS
Arnioceras Hyatt 1867
Creators: name: Fauré, Philippe
name: Sekatni, Nejla
name: Arfaoui, Mohamed Sabri
name: Alouani, Rabah
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Mollusca
Cephalopoda
Ammonoidea
Arietitidae
Arnioceras

description: Genre Arnioceras Hyatt, 1867
 ESPÈCE TYPE. — Arnioceras cuneiforme Hyatt, 1867 par désignation subséquente (Arkell 1951: 217).
description: Published as part of Fauré, Philippe, Sekatni, Nejla, Arfaoui, Mohamed Sabri & Alouani, Rabah, 2021, Le Jurassique du Jebel Ressas (Tunisie). Identification du Sinémurien supérieur dans la Formation Zaghouan. Précisions stratigraphiques et paléobiogéographiques sur le Sinémurien de Tunisie, pp. 95-119 in Geodiversitas 43 (4) on page 105, DOI: 10.5252/geodiversitas2021v43a4, http://zenodo.org/record/4555560
Stationary Kolmogorov Solutions of the Smoluchowski Aggregation Equation with a Source Term
Creators: name: Connaughton, Colm
name: Rajesh, R.
name: Zaboronski, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we show how the method of Zakharov transformations may be used to analyze the stationary solutions of the Smoluchowski aggregation equation for arbitrary homogeneous kernel. The resulting massdistributions are of Kolmogorov type in the sense that they carry a constant flux of mass from small masses to large. We derive a ``locality criterion'', expressed in terms of the asymptotic properties of the kernel, that must be satisfied in order for the Kolmogorov spectrum to be an admissiblesolution. Whether a given kernel leads to a gelation transition or not can be determined by computing the mass capacity of the Kolmogorov spectrum. As an example, we compute the exact stationary state for the family of kernels,$K_ζ(m_1,m_2)=(m_1m_2)^{ζ/2}$ which includes both gelling and non-gelling cases, reproducing the known solution in the case $ζ=0$. Surprisingly, the Kolmogorov constant is the same for all kernels in this family.
description: This article is an expanded version of a talk given at IHP workshop "Dynamics, Growth and Singularities of Continuous Media", Paris July 2003. Updated 01/04/04. Revised version with additional discussion, references added, several typographical errors corrected. Revised version accepted for publication by Phys. Rev. E
Ökohydrologische Aspekte zur Erhaltung von Moorgewässern
Ecohydrological Aspects for the Preservation of Moor Waters
Creators: name: Eggelsmann, Rudolf
Publisher: name: FID GEO
Year: 1980

description: Von 186 natürlichen Gewässern im Flachland Niedersachsens liegen 48 % in Mooren und Anmooren. Auch die drei größten Binnenseen Steinhuder Meer, Dümmer und Zwischenahner Meer sind von Mooren umgeben. Die Erhaltung und Regeneration von Feuchtbiotopen und Moorgewässern ist seit 1973 gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Es wird unterschieden zwischen (tiefen) Moorseen und (flachen) Moorteichen, die natürlich entstanden oder durch den Menschen angelegt sind. Es werden die wichtigsten Daten der Wasserbilanz diskutiert, wie Niederschlag und Zufluß (= input) sowie Verdunstung und Abfluß (= output). Auch die Gewässergüte wird angesprochen und damit die Zuordnung zu limnologisch definierten Seentypen.
description: About 48 % of the 186 lakes and ponds in Lower Saxony are situated in peatlands and peaty soils. Also the three greatest lakes Steinhuder Meer, Dümmer and Zwischenahner Meer are surrounded by peatland. Since 1973 the law has provided that wet biotopes and moor waters be preserved and regenerated. A distinction is made between (deep) lakes and (shallow) ponds which have formed under natural conditions or were man-made. The important data on the water balance, such as input (rainfall and influx) and output (evaporation and discharge) are discussed. Additionally, the quality of water is discussed and thus, also, the assignment to limnologically defined types of lakes.
description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
description: research