cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Peptidergic CGRPα Primary Sensory Neurons Encode Heat and Itch and Tonically Suppress Sensitivity to Cold
Creators: name: Zylka, Mark J.
name: Pribisko, Alaine L.
name: Zheng, Jihong
name: Street, Sarah E.
name: Taylor-Blake, Bonnie
name: McCoy, Eric S.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2013

description: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a classic molecular marker of peptidergic primary somatosensory neurons. Despite years of research, it is unknown if these neurons are required to sense pain or other sensory stimuli. Here, we found that genetic ablation of CGRPα-expressing sensory neurons reduced sensitivity to noxious heat, capsaicin and itch (histamine and chloroquine) and impaired thermoregulation but did not impair mechanosensation or β-alanine itch—stimuli associated with nonpeptidergic sensory neurons. Unexpectedly, ablation enhanced behavioral responses to cold stimuli and cold mimetics without altering peripheral nerve responses to cooling. Mechanistically, ablation reduced tonic and evoked activity in postsynaptic spinal neurons associated with TRPV1/heat, while profoundly increasing tonic and evoked activity in spinal neurons associated with TRPM8/cold. Our data reveal that CGRPα sensory neurons encode heat and itch and tonically cross-inhibit cold-responsive spinal neurons. Disruption of this crosstalk unmasks cold hypersensitivity, with mechanistic implications for neuropathic pain and temperature perception.
title: Towards Safety Concepts for Automated Vehicles by the Example of the Project UNICARagil
Creators: name: Stolte, Torben
name: Graubohm, Robert
name: Jatzkowski, Inga
name: Maurer, Markus
name: Ackermann, Stefan Martin
name: Klamann, Björn
name: Lippert, Moritz
name: Winner, Hermann
Publisher: name: Aachener Kolloquium
Year: 2022

description: Striving towards deployment of SAE level 4+ vehicles in public traffic, researchers and developers face several challenges due to the targeted operation in an open environment. Due to the absence of a human supervisor, ensuring and validating safety while driving automatically is one of the key challenges. The arising complexity of the technical system must be handled during the entire research and development process. In this contribution, we outline the coherence of different safety-activities in the research project UNICARagi/. We derive high-level safety requirements and present the central safety mechanisms applied to automated diriving. Moreover, we outline the approaches of the project UNICARagi/ to address the validation challenge for automated vehicles. In order to demonstrate the overall approach towards a coherent safety argumentation, the connection of high-level safety requirements, safety mechanisms, as weil as validation approaches is illustrated by means of a selected example scenario.
(400278) Elizabeth Leslie Clark
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Repurposing agriculture's public budget to align healthy diets affordability and agricultural transformation objectives in Ethiopia. Background paper for The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022
Creators: name: Sánchez, Marco V.
name: Cicowiez, Martín
name: Sánchez, Marco V.
name: Cicowiez, Martín
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Health Economics and Policy
subject: Public Economics
subject: computable general equilibrium
subject: optimal policy design
subject: economic development
subject: agricultural transformation
subject: nutrition

description: Agricultural transformation has been ongoing for decades in Ethiopia where the agenda to improve nutrition has also gained momentum. This paper assesses ways in which the government could coherently pursue the objectives of reducing the cost of the least cost healthy diet for Ethiopians and achieving faster inclusive agricultural transformation (IAT), for example by increasing agrifood output, creating rural off-farm employment and reducing rural poverty. The main finding is that pursuing IAT objectives also allows reducing the cost of the least-cost healthy diet. Ethiopian policymakers may consider repurposing the budget for agriculture to pursue IAT objectives as suggested in this paper in order to increase value for public money, not only in terms of agrifood output growth, job creation and poverty reduction, but also in terms of increasing the affordability of healthy diets. This paper is the background paper to The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2022.
description: FAO Document Repository: https://doi.org/10.4060/cc1174en
Recovery and Rigidity in a Regular Stochastic Block Model
Creators: name: Brito, Gerandy
name: Dumitriu, Ioana
name: Ganguly, Shirshendu
name: Hoffman, Christopher
name: Tran, Linh V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The stochastic block model is a natural model for studying community detection in random networks. Its clustering properties have been extensively studied in the statistics, physics and computer science literature. Recently this area has experienced major mathematical breakthroughs, particularly for the binary (two-community) version, see Mossel, Neeman, Sly (2012, 2013) and Massoulie (2013). In this paper, we introduce a variant of the binary model which we call the regular stochastic block model (RSBM). We prove rigidity by showing that with high probability an exact recovery of the community structure is possible. Spectral methods exhibit a regime where this can be done efficiently. Moreover we also prove that, in this setting, any suitably good partial recovery can be bootstrapped to obtain a full recovery of the communities.
description: The appendix in the previous version had an error and has been removed, leading to a parity constraint in Theorem 2
Disassortative mixing accelerates consensus in the naming game
Creators: name: Yang, Han-Xin
name: Wang, Bing-Hong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we study the role of degree mixing in the naming game. It is found that consensus can be accelerated on disassortative networks. We provide a qualitative explanation of this phenomenon based on clusters statistics. Compared with assortative mixing, disassortative mixing can promote the merging of different clusters, thus resulting in a shorter convergence time. Other quantities, including the evolutions of the success rate, the number of total words and the number of different words, are also studied.
(400279) John Clark
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: Ανάλυση κύκλου ζωής για ηλεκτροκινούμενα οχήματα
title: Life cycle assessment for electric vehicles
Creators: name: Λουφαρδακη Μαρια-Αμαλια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2020

description: Η ανάγκη για ανεξαρτητοποίηση από τα ορυκτά καύσιμα, καθώς και η ανάπτυξη φιλικότερων προς το περιβάλλον τρόπων αυτοκίνησης, έχει οδηγήσει στην δημιουργία της ηλεκτροκίνησης. Στην παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία, θα εξετασθεί μέσω της Ανάλυσης του Κύκλου Ζωής κατά πόσο είναι μια φιλικότερη λύση προς το περιβάλλον σε σχέση με τις υπάρχουσες, δίνοντας έμφαση στις εκπομπές των αερίων του θερμοκηπίου. Επιπλέον, θα διερευνηθεί η ύπαρξη και ετοιμότητα των κατάλληλων υποδομών για την μαζική υιοθέτηση της. Επιπρόσθετα, θα διευκρινιστούν τα κύρια πλαίσια που πρέπει να εξετασθούν σε μια Ανάλυση Κύκλου Ζωής για ηλεκτρικά αυτοκίνητα και καταληκτικά, θα γίνει σύγκριση μεταξύ των ηλεκτρικών οχημάτων και των συμβατικών αυτοκινήτων με μηχανές εσωτερικής καύσης, υπό την σκοπιά της Ανάλυσης του Κύκλου Ζωής.
description: The need for independence from fossil fuels, as well as the development of more environmentally friendly ways of driving, has led to the electrification of transports. In this thesis, it will be examined through Life Cycle Analysis whether it is a more environmentally friendly solution than the existing ones, with emphasis on greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, the existence and readiness of the appropriate infrastructure for its mass adoption will be investigated. Furthermore, the main frameworks to be considered in a Life Cycle Analysis for electric cars will be clarified, and a comparison will be made between electric vehicles and conventional cars with internal combustion engines, in the aspect of the Life Cycle Analysis.
MPEC 2023-O88 : COMET P/2010 TO20 = P/2023 H6 (LINEAR-Grauer)
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: COMET P/2010 TO20 = P/2023 H6 (LINEAR-Grauer)

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) Vector Magnetic Field Pipeline: Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation Module for the Global Solar Corona
Creators: name: Hayashi, Keiji
name: Hoeksema, J. Todd
name: Liu, Yang
name: Bobra, Monica G.
name: Sun, Xudong D.
name: Norton, Aimee A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Time-dependent three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation modules are implemented at the Joint Science Operation Center (JSOC) of Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The modules regularly produce three-dimensional data of the time-relaxed minimum-energy state of the solar corona using global solar-surface magnetic-field maps created from Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) full-disk magnetogram data. With the assumption of polytropic gas with specific heat ratio of 1.05, three types of simulation products are currently generated: i) simulation data with medium spatial resolution using the definitive calibrated synoptic map of the magnetic field with a cadence of one Carrington rotation, ii) data with low spatial resolution using the definitive version of the synchronic frame format of the magnetic field, with a cadence of one day, and iii) low-resolution data using near-real-time (NRT) synchronic format of the magnetic field on daily basis. The MHD data available in the JSOC database are three-dimensional, covering heliocentric distances from 1.025 to 4.975 solar radii, and contain all eight MHD variables: the plasma density, temperature and three components of motion velocity, and three components of the magnetic field. This article describes details of the MHD simulations as well as the production of the input magnetic-field maps, and details of the products available at the JSOC database interface. In order to assess the merits and limits of the model, we show the simulated data in early 2011 and compare with the actual coronal features observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the near-Earth in-situ data.
description: Accepted for publication in Solar Physics
Generalized Surgery on Riemannian Manifolds of Positive Ricci Curvature
Creators: name: Reiser, Philipp
Publisher: name: Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Year: 2022

description: The surgery theorem of Wraith states that the existence of metrics of positive Ricci curvature is preserved under surgery if certain metric and dimensional conditions are satisfied. We generalize this theorem by relaxing the conditions on the dimensions involved and by generalizing the surgery construction itself. As applications we construct metrics of positive Ricci curvature on manifolds obtained by plumbing. Specifically, this construction provides an extension of a result of Burdick on the existence of metrics of positive Ricci curvature on connected sums of linear sphere bundles, and, moreover, it yields infinite families of new examples of manifolds with a metric of positive Ricci curvature in all dimensions divisible by 6.
Converging Genetic and Functional Brain Imaging Evidence Links Neuronal Excitability to Working Memory, Psychiatric Disease, and Brain Activity
Creators: name: Ripke, Stephan
name: Kaduszkiewicz, Hanna
name: Maier, Wolfgang
name: Pentzek, Michael
name: Riedel-Heller, Steffi G.
name: Vogler, Christian
name: Papassotiropoulos, Andreas
name: Spalek, Klara
name: Milnik, Annette
name: Gschwind, Leo
name: Auschra, Bianca
name: Sullivan, Patrick
name: de Quervain, Dominique J.F.
name: Weyerer, Siegfried
name: Jessen, Frank
name: Ackermann, Sandra
name: Wagner, Michael
name: Coynel, David
name: Fastenrath, Matthias
name: Wolfsgruber, Steffen
name: Heck, Angela
name: Bickel, Horst
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Working memory, the capacity of actively maintaining task-relevant information during a cognitive task, is a heritable trait. Working memory deficits are characteristic for many psychiatric disorders. We performed genome-wide gene-set enrichment analyses in multiple independent data sets of young and aged cognitively healthy subjects (n = 2’824), and in a large schizophrenia case-control sample (n = 32’143). The voltage-gated cation channel activity gene-set, consisting of genes related to neuronal excitability, was robustly linked to performance in working memory-related tasks across ages, and to schizophrenia. Functional brain imaging in 707 healthy participants linked this gene-set also to working memory-related activity in the parietal cortex and the cerebellum. Gene-set analyses may help to dissect the molecular underpinnings of cognitive dimensions, brain activity and psychopathology.
Loss of Dishevelleds Disrupts Planar Polarity in Ependymal Motile Cilia and Results in Hydrocephalus
Creators: name: Wynshaw-Boris, Anthony
name: Snider, William D.
name: Cheng, Jr Gang
name: Ohata, Shinya
name: Inubushi, Toshiro
name: García-Verdugo, Jose Manuel
name: Álvarez-Buylla, Arturo
name: Herranz-Pérez, Vicente
name: Belinson, Haim
name: Nakatani, Jin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Defects in ependymal (E) cells, which line the ventricle and generate cerebrospinal fluid flow through ciliary beating, can cause hydrocephalus. Dishevelled genes (Dvls) are essential for Wnt signaling and Dvl2 has been shown to localize to the rootlet of motile cilia. Using the hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1−/−;2flox/flox;3+/− mouse, we show that compound genetic ablation of Dvls causes hydrocephalus. In hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1−/−;2flox/flox;3+/− mutants, E cells differentiated normally, but the intracellular and intercellular rotational alignments of ependymal motile cilia were disrupted. As a consequence, the fluid flow generated by the hGFAP-Cre;Dvl1−/−;2flox/flox;3+/− E cells was significantly slower than that observed in control mice. Dvls were also required for the proper positioning of motile cilia on the apical surface. Tamoxifen-induced conditional removal of Dvls in adult mice also resulted in defects in intracellular rotational alignment and positioning of ependymal motile cilia. These results suggest that Dvls are continuously required for E cell planar polarity and may prevent hydrocephalus.
(400280) John Christison
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Decolonising Clinical Psychology Training in Singapore: Trainee and Recently Qualified Psychologist Views about Diversifying Therapeutic Models
Creators: name: Wong, Caleb H. Q.
Publisher: name: UH Research Archive
Year: 2022
Subjects: Clinical psychology
Mental health
Cultural psychology
Decolonial psychology
Decolonising training
Indigenous therapy
Singapore psychology

description: Despite literature suggesting that Western psychology and models might not be as culturally appropriate in other cultures (e.g. Henrich et al., 2010; Llewelyn & Shimoyama, 2012), clinical psychology courses in Singapore continue to follow a mainly Western curricula (Geerlings et al., 2014; Lange et al., 2015). Geerlings et al. (2017) found that these courses focused heavily on Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and suggested that courses expand their curriculum to include other models. However, they did not propose any suitable models. The current study aims to address this gap by answering the following research questions based on interviews with clinical psychologists (CPs) from these programmes: 1) Is a focus on CBT suitable for working within Singaporean culture? 2) What other models of therapy might be culturally relevant for Singapore? 3) How prepared do Singaporean CPs feel for culturally relevant practice after training locally? •Which models of therapy would they have liked to learn more about before graduating and what else would have added to their preparedness to provide culturally relevant therapy? Method Nine recent graduates and five final-year trainees from both clinical psychology courses in Singapore were interviewed across four online focus groups (FGs). The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis (TA) and member-checking was used to confirm the preliminary themes. Findings from the interview activities completed during the FGs are also reported. Results Participants felt that CBT was suitably relevant but could be further adapted for Singapore. They shared about how they used an integrative approach in incorporating other more culturally relevant models at times. Participants referred to an assumption about the need to follow ‘evidence base’ when deciding which models to use. Implications Some implications for Singapore CPs, training courses, and professional bodies are discussed, including better cultural training, more reflective spaces on evidence and culture, the inclusion of more culturally appropriate models in CPs’ practices, and increasing the diversity of CP trainees. Some areas for future research are discussed.
The de Broglie universal substratum, the Lochak monopoles and the dark universe
Creators: name: Cohen-Tannoudji, Gilles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to interpret the dark universe (dark matter and dark energy) of the current cosmological standard model as emerging together with ordinary matter, from the quantum vacuum, which de Broglie called the "universal substratum". It will be shown that this interpretation may lead to a reasonable agreement between the current understanding of the quantum vacuum in quantum field theory and current evidences for the existence of dark energy and dark matter, and that dark matter can be interpreted as emerging from the QCD vacuum, as a Bose-Einstein gluon condensate, with an energy density relative to the baryonic energy density that agrees with observation.
description: 20 pages, 3 figures, this article replaces the one untitled The dark universe and the quantum vacuum, it is an extended written version of my invited contribution to a workshop held at Institut Louis de Broglie on June 4th 2019
(400275) James Clark Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Synapse-Specific Control of Experience-Dependent Plasticity by Presynaptic NMDA Receptors
Creators: name: Larsen, Rylan S.
name: Miriyala, Jayalakshmi
name: Philpot, Benjamin D.
name: Corlew, Rebekah J.
name: Smith, Ikuko T.
name: Smith, Spencer L.
name: Han, Ji Eun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Sensory experience orchestrates the development of cortical circuitry by adaptively modifying neuro-transmission and synaptic connectivity. However, the mechanisms underlying these experience-dependent modifications remain elusive. Here we demonstrate that visual experience suppresses a presynaptic NMDA receptor (preNMDAR)-mediated form of timing-dependent long-term depression (tLTD) at visual cortex layer (L) 4-2/3 synapses. This tLTD can be maintained during development, or reinstated in adulthood, by sensory deprivation. The changes in tLTD are mirrored by changes in glutamate release; visual deprivation enhances both tLTD and glutamate release. These effects require the GluN3A NMDAR subunit, the levels of which are increased by visual deprivation. Further, by coupling the pathway-specific optogenetic induction of tLTD with cell-type-specific NMDAR deletion, we find that visual experience modifies preNMDAR-mediated plasticity specifically at L4-L2/3 synapses.
The Lipid Kinase PIP5K1C Regulates Pain Signaling and Sensitization
Creators: name: Street, Sarah E.
name: Ma, Anqi
name: Jin, Jian
name: Frye, Stephen V.
name: Taylor-Blake, Bonnie
name: Zylka, Mark J.
name: Stashko, Michael A.
name: Wright, Brittany D.
name: Janzen, William P.
name: Loo, Lipin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Numerous pain-producing (pronociceptive) receptors signal via phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bisphosphate (PIP2) hydrolysis. However, it is currently unknown which lipid kinases generate PIP2 in nociceptive dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and if these kinases regulate pronociceptive receptor signaling. Here, we found that phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5 kinase type 1C (PIP5K1C) is expressed at higher levels than any other PIP5K and, based on experiments with Pip5k1c+/− mice, generates at least half of all PIP2 in DRG neurons. Additionally, Pip5k1c haploinsufficiency reduces pronociceptive receptor signaling and TRPV1 sensitization in DRG neurons as well as thermal and mechanical hypersensitivity in mouse models of chronic pain. We identified a novel small molecule inhibitor of PIP5K1C (UNC3230) in a high-throughput screen. UNC3230 lowered PIP2 levels in DRG neurons and attenuated hypersensitivity when administered intrathecally or into the hindpaw. Our studies reveal that PIP5K1C regulates PIP2- dependent nociceptive signaling and suggest that PIP5K1C is a novel therapeutic target for chronic pain.
Realigning policy interventions on agricultural prices – Monitoring incentives in low- and middle-income countries during the first wave of COVID-19
Creators: name: Consoli, Sarah
name: Egas Yerovi, Juan José
name: Morales Opazo, Cristian
name: Consoli, Sarah
name: Egas Yerovi, Juan José
name: Morales Opazo, Cristian
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: COVID-19
subject: agricultural incentives
subject: food prices
subject: agricultural trade policy
subject: price insulation

description: COVID-19 has resulted in a shock to agrifood systems around the world, with the potential for low- and middle-income countries to be particularly affected. Although policy responses were more muted than during the 2007–2008 world food crisis, efforts to insulate from supply shocks and ensure local availability during COVID-19 have generally included export restrictions and import tariff reductions, among other responses. In an effort to enable rapid market monitoring and realignment, we develop a new indicator defined as a monthly nominal rate of protection “express” which seeks to isolate as much as possible the effect of trade and market policies on domestic prices in real-time in order to understand how they responded. This analysis examines changes to this indicator during the first wave of the pandemic in 27 low- and middle-income countries for the most-consumed staple cereals of the poor and food insecure. We show that agricultural price incentives declined by 12.6 percentage points compared to the same months in previous years, suggesting that retail domestic price spikes may have largely been mitigated or avoided. However, impacts varied across countries and commodities, and this indicator can serve as a tool for examining primary drivers of changes and conducting causal analysis to facilitate adequate agrifood policy responses to support economic recovery in the post-COVID-19 era.
description: FAO Document Repository: https://doi.org/10.4060/cb8992en
Triad3A Regulates Synaptic Strength by Ubiquitination of Arc
Creators: name: Mabb, Angela M.
name: Larsen, Rylan S.
name: Corrêa, Sonia A.L.
name: Robinson, Camenzind G.
name: Ehlers, Michael D.
name: Wall, Mark J.
name: Je, H. Shawn
name: Qiang, Yuan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Activity-dependent gene transcription and protein synthesis underlie many forms of learning-related synaptic plasticity. At excitatory glutamatergic synapses, the immediate early gene product Arc/Arg3.1 couples synaptic activity to postsynaptic endocytosis of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. Although the mechanisms for Arc induction have been described, little is known regarding the molecular machinery that terminates Arc function. Here we demonstrate that the RING domain ubiquitin ligase Triad3A/RNF216 ubiquitinates Arc, resulting in its rapid proteasomal degradation. Triad3A associates with Arc, localizes to clathrin-coated pits, and is associated with endocytic sites in dendrites and spines. In the absence of Triad3A, Arc accumulates, leading to the loss of surface AMPA receptors. Furthermore, loss of Triad3A mimics and occludes Arc-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity. Thus, degradation of Arc by clathrin-localized Triad3A regulates the availability of synaptic AMPA receptors and temporally tunes Arc-mediated plasticity at glutamatergic synapses.
A Neural Biomarker of Psychological Vulnerability to Future Life Stress
Creators: name: Hariri, Ahmad R.
name: Swartz, Johnna R.
name: Radtke, Spenser R.
name: Knodt, Annchen R.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: We all experience a host of common life stressors such as the death of a family member, medical illness, and financial uncertainty. While most of us are resilient to such stressors, continuing to function normally, for a subset of individuals, experiencing these stressors increases the likelihood of developing treatment-resistant, chronic psychological problems, including depression and anxiety. It is thus paramount to identify predictive markers of risk, particularly those reflecting fundamental biological processes that can be targets for intervention and prevention. Using data from a longitudinal study of 340 healthy young adults, we demonstrate that individual differences in threat-related amygdala reactivity predict psychological vulnerability to life stress occurring as much as 1 to 4 years later. These results highlight a readily assayed biomarker, threat-related amygdala reactivity, which predicts psychological vulnerability to commonly experienced stressors and represents a discrete target for intervention and prevention.
title: Automation of the UNICARagil Vehicles
Creators: name: Buchholz, Michael
name: Gies, Fabian
name: Danzer, Andreas
name: Henning, Matti
name: Hermann, Charlotte
name: Herzog, Manuel
name: Horn, Markus
name: Schön, Markus
name: Rexin, Nils
name: Dietmayer, Klaus
name: Fernandez, Carlos
name: Janosovits, Johannes
name: Kamran, Danial
name: Kinzig, Christian
name: Lauer, Martin
name: Molinos, Eduardo
name: Stiller, Christoph
name: Wang, Lingguang
name: Ackermann, Stefan
name: Homolla, Tobias
name: Winner, Hermann
name: Gottschalg, Grischa
name: Leinen, Stefan
name: Becker, Mathias
name: Feiler, Johannes
name: Hoffmann, Simon
name: Diermeyer, Frank
name: Lampe, Bastian
name: Beemelmanns, Till
name: van Kempen, Raphael
name: Woopen, Timo
name: Eckstein, Lutz
name: Voget, Nicolai
name: Moormann, Dieter
name: Jatzkowski, Inga
name: Stolte, Torben
name: Maurer, Markus
name: Graf, Jürgen
name: von Hinüber, Edgar
name: Siepenkötter, Norbert
Publisher: name: Aachener Kolloquium
Year: 2022

description: The German research project UNICARagil is a collaboration between eight universities and six industrial partners funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. It aims to develop innovative modular architectures and methods for new agile, automated vehicle concepts. This paper summarizes the automation approach of the driverless vehicle concept and its modular realization within the four demonstration vehicles to be built by the consortium. On-board each vehicle, this comprises sensor modules for environment perception and modelling, motion planning for normal driving and safe halts, as well as the respective control algorithms and base functionalities like precise localization. A control room and cloud functionalities provide off-board support to the vehicles, which are additionally addressed in this paper.
About the infinite dimensional skew and obliquely reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process
Creators: name: Röckner, Michael
name: Trutnau, Gerald
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: primary, 60J60, 31C25, 60J55, secondary: 60JXX, 60GXX

description: Based on an integration by parts formula for closed and convex subsets $Γ$ of a separable real Hilbert space $H$ with respect to a Gaussian measure, we first construct and identify the infinite dimensional analogue of the obliquely reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process (perturbed by a bounded drift $B$) by means of a Skorokhod type decomposition. The variable oblique reflection at a reflection point of the boundary $\partial Γ$ is uniquely described through a reflection angle and a direction in the tangent space (more precisely through an element of the orthogonal complement of the normal vector) at the reflection point. In case of normal reflection at the boundary of a regular convex set and under some monotonicity condition on $B$, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a strong solution to the corresponding SDE. Subsequently, we consider an increasing sequence $(Γ_{α_k})_{k\in\mathbb{Z}}$ of closed and convex subsets of $H$ and the skew reflection problem at the boundaries of this sequence. We present concrete examples and obtain as a special case the infinite dimensional analogue of the $p$-skew reflected Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process.
description: Revised version (minor changes)
Higher Spin Interactions in Four Dimensions: Vasiliev vs. Fronsdal
Creators: name: Boulanger, Nicolas
name: Kessel, Pan
name: Skvortsov, E. D.
name: Taronna, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider four-dimensional Higher-Spin Theory at the first nontrivial order corresponding to the cubic action. All Higher-Spin interaction vertices are explicitly obtained from Vasiliev's equations. In particular, we obtain the vertices that are not determined solely by the Higher-Spin algebra structure constants. The dictionary between the Fronsdal fields and Higher-Spin connections is found and the corrections to the Fronsdal equations are derived. These corrections turn out to involve derivatives of arbitrary order. We observe that the vertices not determined by the Higher-Spin algebra produce naked infinities, when decomposed into the minimal derivative vertices and improvements. Therefore, standard methods can only be used to check a rather limited number of correlation functions within the HS AdS/CFT duality. A possible resolution of the puzzle is discussed.
description: 56 pages=40+Appendices; 1 figure; typos fixed, one ref added
A New DREADD Facilitates the Multiplexed Chemogenetic Interrogation of Behavior
Creators: name: Roth, Bryan L.
name: Vardy, Eyal
name: Urban, Daniel J.
name: Giguere, Patrick M.
name: Rittiner, Joseph E.
name: Song, Juan
name: Crowley, Nicole A.
name: Huang, Xi Ping
name: White, Kate L.
name: Mosier, Philip D.
name: Zhu, Hu
name: Pleil, Kristen E.
name: DiBerto, Jeffrey F.
name: Li, Chia
name: Mazzone, Christopher M.
name: Kash, Thomas L.
name: Sassano, Flori M.
name: Olsen, Reid H.J.
name: Krashes, Michael J.
name: Robinson, J. Elliott
name: Malanga, C. J.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: DREADDs are chemogenetic tools widely used to remotely control cellular signaling, neuronal activity and behavior. Here we used a structure-based approach to develop a new Gi coupled DREADD using the kappa-opioid receptor as template (KORD) that is activated by the pharmacologically inert ligand salvinorin B (SALB). Activation of virally-expressed KORD in several neuronal contexts robustly attenuated neuronal activity and modified behaviors. Additionally, co-expression of the KORD and the Gq coupled M3-DREADD within the same neuronal population facilitated the sequential and bi-directional remote control of behavior. The availability of DREADDs activated by different ligands provides enhanced opportunities for investigating diverse physiological systems using multiplexed chemogenetic actuators.
Considerations When Using Cre-Driver Rodent Lines for Studying Ventral Tegmental Area Circuitry
Creators: name: Stamatakis, Alice M.
name: Stuber, Garret D.
name: Kantak, Pranish A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The use of Cre-driver rodent lines for targeting ventral tegmental area (VTA) cell types has generated important and novel insights into how precise neurocircuits regulate physiology and behavior. While this approach generally results in enhanced cellular specificity, an important issue has recently emerged related to the selectivity and penetrance of viral targeting of VTA neurons using several Cre-driver transgenic mouse lines. Here, we highlight several considerations when utilizing these tools to study the function of genetically defined neurocircuits. While VTA dopaminergic neurons have previously been targeted and defined by the expression of single genes important for aspects of dopamine neurotransmission, many VTA and neighboring cells display dynamic gene expression phenotypes that are partially consistent with both classically described dopaminergic and non-dopaminergic neurons. Thus, in addition to varying degrees of selectivity and penetrance, distinct Cre lines likely permit targeting of partially overlapping, but not identical VTA cell populations.
Distinct Subpopulations of Nucleus Accumbens Dynorphin Neurons Drive Aversion and Reward
Creators: name: Park, Sung Il
name: Crowley, Nicole A.
name: Marcinkiewcz, Catherine M.
name: Lowell, Bradford B.
name: Krashes, Michael J.
name: Pyo, Chang O.
name: Schmitz, Gavin P.
name: Gomez, Adrian M.
name: Al-Hasani, Ream
name: Bruchas, Michael R.
name: McCall, Jordan G.
name: Shin, Gunchul
name: Rogers, John A.
name: Kash, Thomas L.
name: Bernardi, Julio M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the dynorphinergic system are widely implicated in motivated behaviors. Prior studies have shown that activation of the dynorphin-kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system leads to aversive, dysphoria-like behavior. However, the endogenous sources of dynorphin in these circuits remain unknown. We investigated whether dynorphinergic neuronal firing in the NAc is sufficient to induce aversive behaviors. We found that photostimulation of dynorphinergic cells in the ventral NAc shell elicits robust conditioned and real-time aversive behavior via KOR activation, and in contrast, photostimulation of dorsal NAc shell dynorphin cells induced a KOR-mediated place preference and were positively reinforcing. These results show previously unknown discrete subregions of dynorphin-containing cells in the NAc shell that selectively drive opposing behaviors. Understanding the discrete regional specificity by which NAc dynorphinerigic cells regulate preference and aversion provides insight into motivated behaviors that are dysregulated in stress, reward, and psychiatric disease.
(400276) James Clark Wilson [jnr]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Oligodendrocytes assist in the maintenance of sodium channel clusters independent of the myelin sheath
Creators: name: Dupree, Jeffrey L.
name: Stull, Michael
name: Marcus, Jill R.
name: Matsushima, Glenn K.
name: Mason, Jeffrey L.
name: Levinson, Rock
name: Popko, Brian
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2004

description: To ensure rapid and efficient impulse conduction, myelinated axons establish and maintain specific protein domains. For instance, sodium (Na+) channels accumulate in the node of Ranvier; potassium (K+) channels aggregate in the juxtaparanode and neurexin/caspr/paranodin clusters in the paranode. Our understanding of the mechanisms that control the initial clustering of these proteins is limited and less is known about domain maintenance. Correlative data indicate that myelin formation and/ or mature myelin-forming cells mediate formation of all three domains. Here, we test whether myelin is required for maintaining Na+ channel domains in the nodal gap by employing two demyelinating murine models: (1) cuprizone ingestion, which induces complete demyelination through oligodendrocyte toxicity; and (2) ceramide galactosyltransferase deficient mice, which undergo spontaneous adult-onset demyelination without oligodendrocyte death. Our data indicate that the myelin sheath is essential for long-term maintenance of sodium channel domains; however, oligodendrocytes, independent of myelin, provide a partial protective influence on the maintenance of nodal Na+ channel clusters. Thus, we propose that multiple mechanisms regulate the maintenance of nodal protein organization. Finally, we present evidence that following the loss of Na+ channel clusters the chronological progression of expression and reclustering of Na+ channel isoforms during the course of CNS remyelination recapitulates development.
Disrupted axo-glial junctions result in accumulation of abnormal mitochondria at nodes of Ranvier
Creators: name: Bhat, Manzoor A.
name: Salzer, James L.
name: Einheber, Steven
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: Mitochondria and other membranous organelles are frequently enriched in the nodes and paranodes of peripheral myelinated axons, particularly those of large caliber. The physiologic role(s) of this organelle enrichment and the rheologic factors that regulate it are not well understood. Previous studies suggest that axonal transport of organelles across the nodal/paranodal region is locally regulated. In this study, we have examined the ultrastructure of myelinated axons in the sciatic nerves of mice deficient in the contactin-associated protein (Caspr), an integral junctional component. These mice, which lack the normal septate-like junctions that promote attachment of the glial (paranodal) loops to the axon, contain aberrant mitochondria in their nodal/paranodal regions. These mitochondria are typically large and swollen and occupy prominent varicosities of the nodal axolemma. In contrast, mitochondria located outside the nodal/paranodal regions of the myelinated axons appear normal. These findings suggest that paranodal junctions regulate mitochondrial transport and function in the axoplasm of the nodal/paranodal region of myelinated axons of peripheral nerves. They further implicate the paranodal junctions in playing a role, either directly or indirectly, in the local regulation of energy metabolism in the nodal region.
Internal circle uplifts, transversality and stratified G-structures
Creators: name: Babalic, Elena Mirela
name: Lazaroiu, Calin Iuliu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study stratified G-structures in ${\cal N}=2$ compactifications of M-theory on eight-manifolds $M$ using the uplift to the auxiliary nine-manifold ${\hat M}=M\times S^1$. We show that the cosmooth generalized distribution ${\hat {\cal D}}$ on ${\hat M}$ which arises in this formalism may have pointwise transverse or non-transverse intersection with the pull-back of the tangent bundle of $M$, a fact which is responsible for the subtle relation between the spinor stabilizers arising on $M$ and ${\hat M}$ and for the complicated stratified G-structure on $M$ which we uncovered in previous work. We give a direct explanation of the latter in terms of the former and relate explicitly the defining forms of the $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ structure which exists on the generic locus ${\cal U}$ of $M$ to the defining forms of the $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ structure which exists on an open subset ${\hat {\cal U}}$ of ${\hat M}$, thus providing a dictionary between the eight- and nine-dimensional formalisms.
description: 24 pages
Purinergic receptors activating rapid intracellular Ca 2+  increases in microglia
Creators: name: Guthrie, Peter B.
name: Hughen, Ronald W.
name: Light, Alan R.
name: Wu, Ying
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2006

description: We provide both molecular and pharmacological evidence that the metabotropic, purinergic, P2Y6, P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors and the ionotropic P2X4 receptor contribute strongly to the rapid calcium response caused by ATP and its analogues in mouse microglia. Real-time PCR demonstrates that the most prevalent P2 receptor in microglia is P2Y6 followed, in order, by P2X4, P2Y12, and P2X7 = P2Y13. Only very small quantities of mRNA for P2Y1, P2Y2, P2Y4, P2Y14, P2X3 and P2X5 were found. Dose-response curves of the rapid calcium response gave a potency order of: 2MeSADP>ADP=UDP=IDP=UTP>ATP>BzATP, whereas A2P4 had little effect. Pertussis toxin partially blocked responses to 2MeSADP, ADP and UDP. The P2X4 antagonist suramin, but not PPADS, significantly blocked responses to ATP. These data indicate that P2Y6, P2Y12, P2Y13 and P2X receptors mediate much of the rapid calcium responses and shape changes in microglia to low concentrations of ATP, presumably at least partly because ATP is rapidly hydrolyzed to ADP. Expression of P2Y6, P2Y12 and P2Y13 receptors appears to be largely glial in the brain, so that peripheral immune cells and CNS microglia share these receptors. Thus, purinergic, metabotropic, P2Y6, P2Y12, P2Y13 and P2X4 receptors might share a role in the activation and recruitment of microglia in the brain and spinal cord by widely varying stimuli that cause the release of ATP, including infection, injury and degeneration in the CNS, and peripheral tissue injury and inflammation which is signaled via nerve signaling to the spinal cord.
Fractionated Branes and Black Hole Interiors
Creators: name: Martinec, Emil J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Combining a variety of results in string theory and general relativity, a picture of the black hole interior is developed wherein spacetime caps off at an inner horizon, and the inter-horizon region is occupied by a Hagedorn gas of a very low tension state of fractionated branes. This picture leads to natural resolutions of a variety of puzzles concerning quantum black holes. Gravity Research Foundation 2015 Fourth Prize Award for Essays on Gravitation.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures
(400277) James Wilson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.