cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Prospective Study of Arsenic Exposure, Arsenic Methylation Capacity, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Bangladesh
Creators: name: Chen, Yu
name: Wu, Fen
name: Liu, Mengling
name: Parvez, Muhammad F.
name: Slavkovich, Vesna N.
name: Eunus, Mahbub
name: Ahmed, Alauddin
name: Argos, Maria
name: Islam, Tariqul
name: Rakibuz-Zaman, Muhammad
name: Hasan, Rabiul
name: Sarwar, Golam
name: Levy, Diane K.
name: Graziano, Joseph
name: Ahsan, Habibul
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Environmental health
Arsenic--Physiological effect
Cardiovascular system--Diseases--Risk factors
Methylation

description: Millions of persons worldwide, including 13 million Americans (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2009) and over 50 million in Bangladesh (British Geological Survey 2007), have been chronically exposed to arsenic, a group 1 human carcinogen (International Agency for Research on Cancer 2004), through contaminated drinking water. Arsenic exposure from drinking water has been associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Chen CJ et al. 1996; Chen Y et al. 2011; Chiou et al. 1997; Liao et al. 2012; Tseng et al. 2003; Yuan et al. 2007). However, prospective studies assessing susceptibility to CVD due to arsenic exposure are rare. Arsenic in drinking water is present as inorganic arsenic (iAS). Once ingested, iAs is methylated to monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA). The relative distribution of urinary arsenic metabolites varies from person to person and has been interpreted to reflect arsenic methylation capacity (Hopenhayn-Rich et al. 1996; Vahter 1999). Mechanistic studies have shown that MMAIII is more toxic than iAs or any of the pentavalent metabolites (Petrick et al. 2000; Styblo et al. 2000). Incomplete methylation, indicated by a high percentage of urinary MMA (MMA%), has been consistently related to cancers (Chen YC et al. 2003; Pu et al. 2007; Steinmaus et al. 2006; Yu et al. 2000), and there is some evidence of stronger associations among smokers than nonsmokers (Pu et al. 2007; Steinmaus et al. 2006). However, the association between urinary MMA% and CVD risk is unknown, and research on the combined effects of arsenic and biomarkers of arsenic susceptibility on CVD risk is needed. We conducted a prospective case–cohort study nested in a large prospective cohort to assess associations of arsenic exposure from drinking water and arsenic methylation capacity, indicated using relative distribution of urinary arsenic metabolites, with CVD risk.
Approaches to Acquisition and Management of New Knowledge
Creators: name: Bushby, Philip A.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1988

description: The computer has become accepted as an information management tool in many fields. Yet veterinarians are very selective with the level to which we will rely on computerized information systems and with the types of information we will manage with computers. Traditionally we have accepted the computer as a means of managing numerical or financial information. More recently we have begun to accept the computer as an information tool for practice management, medical records, and herd health data. Now computer software is giving us the means to develop easy-to-use medical information systems. Two basic software concepts are presented in this paper, hypertext applications and the Problem Knowledge Coupler.™ The concept of "hypertext" was first introduced to the computer community by Ted Nelson in the 1960s. Put simply, hypertext is the means to link textual information to other textual information. Hypertext programs give one the ability to create large, cross-referenced documents with virtually unlimited search capabilities. Hypertext provides a means of navigating through large volumes of information. With the cross-referencing and search capabilities of hypertext documents it becomes possible to develop systems to successfully deal with information overload. With the geometrically increasing volume of information in veterinary medicine simple and effective means for navigation through information are essential.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1988
Determinants of Malaria Program Expenditures during Elimination: Case Study Evidence from Select Provinces in the Philippines
Creators: name: Liu, Jenny X.
name: Newby, Gretchen
name: Brackery, Aprielle
name: Gueye, Cara Smith
name: Candari, Christine J.
name: Escubil, Luz R.
name: Vestergaard, Lasse S.
name: Baquilod, Mario
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Epidemiology
Public health

description: Even though eliminating malaria from the endemic margins is a part of the Global Malaria Action Plan, little guidance exists on what resources are needed to transition from controlling malaria to eliminating it. Using Philippines as an example, this study aimed to (1) estimate the financial resources used by sub-national malaria programs in different phases during elimination and (2) understand how different environmental and organizational factors may influence expenditure levels and spending proportions. The Philippines provides an opportunity to study variations in sub-national programs because its epidemiological and ecological diversity, devolved health system, and progressive elimination strategy all allow greater flexibility for lower-level governments to direct activities, but also create challenges for coordination and resource mobilization. Through key informant interviews and archival record retrieval in four selected provinces chosen based on eco-epidemiological variation, expenditures associated with provincial malaria programs were collected for selected years (mid-1990s to 2010). Results show that expenditures per person at risk per year decrease as programs progress from a state of controlled low-endemic malaria to elimination to prevention of reintroduction regardless of whether elimination was deliberately planned. However, wide variation across provinces were found: expenditures were generally higher if mainly financed with donor grants, but were moderated by the level of economic development, the level of malaria transmission and receptivity, and the capacity of program staff. Across all provinces, strong leadership appears to be a necessary condition for maintaining progress and is vital in controlling outbreaks. While sampled provinces and years may not be representative of other sub-national malaria programs, these findings suggest that the marginal yearly cost declines with each phase during elimination.
Tearing mode stability calculations with pressure flattening
Creators: name: Ham, C J
name: Connor, J W
name: Cowley, S C
name: Hastie, R J
name: Hender, T C
name: Liu, Y Q
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Calculations of tearing mode stability in tokamaks split conveniently into an external region, where marginally stable ideal MHD is applicable, and a resonant layer around the rational surface where sophisticated kinetic physics is needed. These two regions are coupled by the stability parameter. Pressure and current perturbations localized around the rational surface alter the stability of tearing modes. Equations governing the changes in the external solution and - are derived for arbitrary perturbations in axisymmetric toroidal geometry. The relationship of - with and without pressure flattening is obtained analytically for four pressure flattening functions. Resistive MHD codes do not contain the appropriate layer physics and therefore cannot predict stability directly. They can, however, be used to calculate -. Existing methods (Ham et al. 2012 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 54 025009) for extracting - from resistive codes are unsatisfactory when there is a finite pressure gradient at the rational surface and favourable average curvature because of the Glasser stabilizing effect. To overcome this difficulty we introduce a specific pressure flattening function that allows the earlier approach to be used. The technique is first tested numerically in cylindrical geometry with an artificial favourable curvature. Its application to toroidal geometry is then demonstrated using the toroidal tokamak tearing mode stability code T7 (Fitzpatrick et al. 1993 Nucl. Fusion 33 1533) which uses an approximate analytic equilibrium. The prospects for applying this approach to resistive MHD codes such as MARS-F (Liu et al. 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 3681) which utilize a fully toroidal equilibrium are discussed.
description: 26 pages, 5 figures. This is an author-created, un-copyedited version of an article submitted for publication in Plasma Physics & Controlled Fusion. IOP Publishing Ltd is not responsible for any errors or omissions in this version of the manuscript or any version derived from it
Drastic suppression of CDW (charge density wave) by Pd addition in TiSe2
Creators: name: Saini, Abhilasha
name: Karn, N. K.
name: Kumar, Kapil
name: Aloysius, R. P.
name: Awana, V. P. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: TiSe2 is a known Topological semimetal (TSM) having both the semi-metallic and topological characters simultaneously and the Charge density wave (CDW) at below 200K. In the current short article, we study the impact of Pd addition on the CDW character of TiSe2 and the possible induction of superconductivity at low temperatures. Bulk samples of TiSe2 and Pd0.1TiSe2 are synthesized by solid-state reaction route, which is further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively, for their structural and micro-structural details. The vibrational modes of both samples are being analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, showing the occurrence of both A1g and Eg modes. CDW of pure TiSe2 seen at around 200K in electrical transport measurements, in terms of sharp semi-metallic to metallic transition peak with hysteresis in cooling/warming cycles is not seen in Pd0.1TiSe2, and rather a near metallic transport is seen down to 2K. Although superconductivity is not seen down to 2K, the CDW transition is seemingly completely suppressed in Pd0.1TiSe2. Pd addition in TiSe2 suppresses CDW drastically. Trials are underway to induce superconductivity in Pd-added TiSe2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show primary evidence of suppression of CDW by adding Pd in TiSe2 due to an increase in the density of states.
description: 11 Pages Text + Figs: Accepted J. Sup. Novel Mag
Nonlinear diffusion of fermions and bosons
Creators: name: Wolschin, Georg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A nonlinear diffusion equation is proposed to account for thermalization in fermionic and bosonic systems through analytical solutions. For constant transport coefficients, exact time-dependent solutions are derived through nonlinear transformations, and the corresponding local equilibration times are deduced. Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distributions emerge as stationary solutions of the nonlinear equation. As examples, local thermalization of quarks and gluons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and of ultracold atoms including time-dependent Bose-Einstein condensate formation are discussed.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Prolongations of Lie Algebra Representations
Creators: name: Kadioglu, Hulya
name: Esin, Erdogan
name: Yayli, Yusuf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary 58A05, secondary 22E60

description: In this paper, we present a study on the prolongations of representations of Lie algebras. We show that a tangent bundle of a given Lie algebra attains a Lie algebra structure. Then, we prove that this tangent bundle is algebraically isomorphic to the Lie algebra of a tangent bundle of a Lie group. Using these, we define prolongations of representations of Lie algebras. We show that if a Lie algebra representation corresponds to a Lie group representation, then prolongation of Lie algebra representation corresponds to the prolonged Lie group representation.
description: 7 pages
Personal Preparation for Change in Bovine Practice
Creators: name: Radostits, O. M.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1988

description: Thank you for the invitation and honor to present a paper on how the bovine practitioner should prepare to serve the cattle industry in the 21st century which is only 12 years away. This is my home province. I was born in Edmonton and raised on a small farm only 180 miles from here. In this presentation I will outline what I believe is necessary for the education and preparation of the bovine practitioner based on the accomplishments of bovine practice and the cattle industry in the last 25 years and the needs of the various segments of the cattle industry today and in the future. My theme will be that we should become professional animal health and production specialists and not just disease specialists which we have been for the last 30 years.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1988
Amplification of electromagnetic waves excited by a chain of propagating magnetic vortices in YBaCuO Josephson-junction arrays at 77K and above
Creators: name: Chesca, Boris
name: John, Daniel
name: Mellor, Christopher J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: When a soliton propagates in a discrete lattice it excites small-amplitude linear waves in its wake. In a dc current-biased Josephson-junction (JJ) array these manifest as electromagnetic (EM) waves excited by a (magnetic field induced) chain of propagating magnetic vortices. When the vortex velocity and the phase velocity of one of the excited EM waves match, phase-locking occurs. This produces resonant steps in the current-voltage characteristics where amplification of EM radiation occurs. We report the first observation of phase-locking-induced amplification of EM radiation at 77K and above in JJ arrays made of high temperature superconductors.
description: 19 pages, 5 Figures
Surface morphology of a modified ballistic deposition model
Creators: name: Banerjee, Kasturi
name: Shamanna, J.
name: Ray, Subhankar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface and bulk properties of a modified ballistic deposition model are investigated. The deposition rule interpolates between nearest and next-nearest neighbor ballistic deposition and the random deposition models. The stickiness of the depositing particle is controlled by a parameter and the type of inter-particle force. Two such forces are considered - Coulomb and van der Waals type. The interface width shows three distinct growth regions before eventual saturation. The rate of growth depends more strongly on the stickiness parameter than on the type of inter-particle force. However, the porosity of the deposits is strongly influenced by the inter-particle force.
description: 6 pages, 17 figures
Methods to Measure the Impact of Home, Social, and Sexual Neighborhoods of Urban Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men
Creators: name: Koblin, Beryl A.
name: Egan, James E.
name: Rundle, Andrew G.
name: Quinn, James
name: Tieu, Hong-Van
name: Cerda, Magdalena
name: Ompad, Danielle C.
name: Greene, Emily Rebecca
name: Hoover, Donald R.
name: Frye, Victoria
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Public health
Epidemiology

description: Men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 61% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2010. Recent analyses indicate that socio-structural factors are important correlates of HIV infection. NYCM2M was a cross-sectional study designed to identify neighborhood-level characteristics within the urban environment that influence sexual risk behaviors, substance use and depression among MSM living in New York City. The sample was recruited using a modified venue-based time-space sampling methodology and through select websites and mobile applications. This paper describes novel methodological approaches used to improve the quality of data collected for analysis of the impact of neighborhoods on MSM health. Previous research has focused predominately on residential neighborhoods and used pre-determined administrative boundaries (e.g., census tracts) that often do not reflect authentic and meaningful neighborhoods. This study included the definition and assessment of multiple neighborhoods of influence including where men live (home neighborhood), socialize (social neighborhood) and have sex (sexual neighborhood). Furthermore, making use of technological advances in mapping, we collected geo-points of reference for each type of neighborhood and identified and constructed self-identified neighborhood boundary definitions. Finally, this study collected both perceived neighborhood characteristics and objective neighborhood conditions to create a comprehensive, flexible and rich neighborhood-level set of covariates. This research revealed that men perceived their home, social and sexual neighborhoods in different ways. Few men (15%) had the same home, social and sexual neighborhoods; for 31%, none of the neighborhoods was the same. Of the three types of neighborhoods, the number of unique social neighborhoods was the lowest; the size of sexual neighborhoods was the smallest. The resultant dataset offers the opportunity to conduct analyses that will yield context-specific and nuanced understandings of the relations among neighborhood space, and the well-being and health of urban MSM.
Non-Local Gravity Wormholes
Creators: name: Capozziello, Salvatore
name: Godani, Nisha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider Non-local Gravity in view to obtain stable and traversable wormhole solutions. In particular, the class of Non-local Integral Kernel Theories of Gravity, with the inverse d'Alembert operator in the gravitational action, is taken into account. We obtain constraints for the null energy condition and derive the field equations. Two special cases for the related Klein-Gordon equation are assumed: one where the function in the gravitational action has a linear form and another one with exponential form. In each case, we take into account two forms for scalar fields and derive the shape functions. Asymptotic flatness and flaring-out conditions are checked. Energy conditions and dynamics of the solutions are examined at the throat. The main result is that non-local gravity contributions allow stability and traversability of the wormhole without considering any exotic matter.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, published in Phys. Lett. B
The Sensitivity and Specificity of Commercially Available Cowside Milk Progesterone Tests
Creators: name: Godkin, M. A.
name: Leslie, K. E.
name: Etherington, W. G.
name: Walton, J. S.
name: Christie, K. A.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: The levels of progesterone in milk have been determined to accurately reflect the secretory activity of the corpus luteum in the cow. As an adjunct to rectal palpation the measurement of progesterone may be used to aid the diagnosis of reproductive abnormalities, pregnancy or return to estrus. Commercial kits utilizing the rapid enzyme-immunoassay (EIA) technique are being produced, which will allow veterinarians and producers to test milk progesterone levels at "cowside."
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Disconcordance in Statistical Models of Bisphenol A and Chronic Disease Outcomes in NHANES 2003-08
Creators: name: Casey, Martin F.
name: Neidell, Matthew J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Epidemiology
Biology

description: Bisphenol A (BPA), a high production chemical commonly found in plastics, has drawn great attention from researchers due to the substance’s potential toxicity. Using data from three National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles, we explored the consistency and robustness of BPA’s reported effects on coronary heart disease and diabetes. We report the use of three different statistical models in the analysis of BPA: (1) logistic regression, (2) log-linear regression, and (3) dose-response logistic regression. In each variation, confounders were added in six blocks to account for demographics, urinary creatinine, source of BPA exposure, healthy behaviours, and phthalate exposure. Results were sensitive to the variations in functional form of our statistical models, but no single model yielded consistent results across NHANES cycles. Reported ORs were also found to be sensitive to inclusion/exclusion criteria. Further, observed effects, which were most pronounced in NHANES 2003-04, could not be explained away by confounding. Limitations in the NHANES data and a poor understanding of the mode of action of BPA have made it difficult to develop informative statistical models. Given the sensitivity of effect estimates to functional form, researchers should report results using multiple specifications with different assumptions about BPA measurement, thus allowing for the identification of potential discrepancies in the data.
Detection of fraudulent financial papers by picking a collection of characteristics using optimization algorithms and classification techniques based on squirrels
Creators: name: germi, Peyman Mohammadzadeh
name: Najarbashi, Mohsen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To produce important investment decisions, investors require financial records and economic information. However, most companies manipulate investors and financial institutions by inflating their financial statements. Fraudulent Financial Activities exist in any monetary or financial transaction scenario, whether physical or electronic. A challenging problem that arises in this domain is the issue that affects and troubles individuals and institutions. This problem has attracted more attention in the field in part owing to the prevalence of financial fraud and the paucity of previous research. For this purpose, in this study, the main approach to solve this problem, an anomaly detection-based approach based on a combination of feature selection based on squirrel optimization pattern and classification methods have been used. The aim is to develop this method to provide a model for detecting anomalies in financial statements using a combination of selected features with the nearest neighbor classifications, neural networks, support vector machine, and Bayesian. Anomaly samples are then analyzed and compared to recommended techniques using assessment criteria. Squirrel optimization's meta-exploratory capability, along with the approach's ability to identify abnormalities in financial data, has been shown to be effective in implementing the suggested strategy. They discovered fake financial statements because of their expertise.
A Direct Power Controlled and Series Compensated EHV Transmission Line
Creators: name: Dodson, Andrew
name: McCann, Roy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper presents the design and analysis of a compensation method with application to a 345 kV 480 MVA three-phase transmission line. The compensator system includes a series injected voltage source converter that minimizes the resonance effects of capacitor line reactance. This creates an ability to compensate for the effects of subsynchronous resonance and thereby increase line loadability and control real and reactive power flows. The granularity of power flow control and simultaneous stabilization is achieved by the method of direct decoupled power control (DPC). The design process is detailed with respect to optimal response characteristics considering variations of line parameters, realistic transformer impedances, and maximum ramp response rates. Line effects are demonstrated in a PLECS model in MATLAB, and compensation control system functionality is verified. A case study is provided of a 345 kV transmission line from an EMTP simulation in PSCAD that accounts for distributed parameter effects that are encountered in physical EHV transmission lines. This demonstrates the improvement in stability to power system transients as well as damping of power system oscillations.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
On R-matrix identities related to elliptic anisotropic spin Ruijsenaars-Macdonald operators
Creators: name: Matushko, M.
name: Zotov, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We propose and prove a set of identities for ${\rm GL}_M$ elliptic $R$-matrix (in the fundamental representation). In the scalar case ($M=1$) these are elliptic function identities derived by S.N.M. Ruijsenaars as necessary and sufficient conditions for his kernel identity underlying construction of integral solutions to quantum spinless Ruijsenaars-Schneider model. In this respect the result of the present paper can be considered as the first step towards constructing solutions of quantum eigenvalue problem for the anisotropic spin Ruijsenaars model.
description: 19 pages
Applications for Use of Chronically Instrumented Bovine Fetuses in Abortion Pathogenesis Studies
Creators: name: Schlafer, Doanld H.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: Our understanding of events leading to abortion in domestic animals is based on information from field cases or from experimental pathogenesis studies in which fetuses are collected by cesarean section or after euthanasia of dams. Because the fetus and placenta are relatively inaccessible, direct perturbation and/ or sequential evaluation of the course of in utero events are difficult and have not been extensively utilized. The purpose of this communication is to transmit our initial experience with chronically catheterized bovine fetuses in abortion pathophysiology studies.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
The Influence of Anti-Infective Periodontal Treatment on C-Reactive Protein: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Creators: name: Demmer, Ryan T.
name: Trinquart, Ludovic
name: Zuk, Aleksandra
name: Fu, Benjamin C.
name: Blomkvist, Josefin
name: Michaelowicz, Bryan S.
name: Ravaud, Philippe
name: Desvarieux, Moise
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Periodontal infections are hypothesized to increase the risk of adverse systemic outcomes through inflammatory mechanisms. The magnitude of effect, if any, of anti-infective periodontal treatment on systemic inflammation is unknown, as are the patient populations most likely to benefit. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to test the hypothesis that anti-infective periodontal treatment reduces systemic c-reactive protein (CRP). MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and CINAHL databases were searched using sensitivity-enhancing search terms. Eligible RCTs enrolled patients with periodontal infection, compared a clearly defined anti-infective periodontal intervention (experimental group) to an “inactive control” (no periodontal intervention) or to an “active control” (lower treatment intensity than the experimental group). Mean differences in final CRP values at the earliest post-treatment time point (typically 1-3 months) between experimental and control groups were analyzed using random-effects regression. Among 2,753 possible studies 20 were selected, which included 2,561 randomized patients(median=57). Baseline CRP values were >3.0 mg/L in 40% of trials. Among studies with a control group receiving no treatment, the mean difference in CRP final values among experimental treatment vs. control groups was -0.37 mg/L [95%CI=-0.64, -0.11], (P=0.005), favoring experimental treatment. Trials for which the experimental group received antibiotics had stronger effects (P for interaction=0.03) and the mean difference in CRP final values among experimental treatment vs. control was -0.75 mg/L [95%CI=-1.17,-0.33]. No treatment effect was observed among studies using an active treatment comparator. Treatment effects were stronger for studies that included patients with co-morbidities vs. studies that included “systemically healthy” patients, although the interaction was not significant (P=0.48). Anti-infective periodontal treatment results in short-term modest reductions in systemic CRP.
Thermodynamics and Quasinormal modes of Park black hole in Hořava gravity
Creators: name: Suresh, Jishnu
name: Kuriakose, V C
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quasinormal modes of the massless scalar field of Park black hole in the Hořava gravity using the third order WKB approximation method and found that black hole is stable against these perturbation. We compare and discuss the results with that of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black hole. Thermodynamic properties of Park black hole are investigated and the thermodynamic behavior of upper mass bound is also studied.
description: 6 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
A re-analysis of the long-term effects on life expectancy of the Great Finnish Famine of 1866–68
Creators: name: Doblhammer, Gabriele
name: Van Den Berg, Gerard J.
name: Lumey, Lambert Hugh
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Nutrition
Aging

description: The results of studies exploring the long-term consequences of famine during foetal or infant development are inconsistent. We tested the hypothesis that selection forces occurring during a famine change the distribution of frailty in the affected cohorts, possibly hiding negative long-term effects. Using mortality data for Finland, gathered from the Human Mortality Database, we explored the effect of being born during the Great Finnish Famine of 1866-68 by comparing mortality at age 60 and over for the 1850-89 births, taking into account unobserved cohort heterogeneity. Contemporaneous Swedish cohorts, unexposed to the famine, were used as an additional control group. When cohort heterogeneity is accounted for, a lower life expectancy at age 60 for male cohorts in Finland born during the famine is observed. The results for females are less conclusive. No substantial changes are seen in the Swedish cohorts. In order to provide consistent estimates of the long-run effects of famines, selection forces need to be considered.
High TMR ratio in Co2FeSi and Fe2CoSi based magnetic tunnel junctions
Creators: name: Sterwerf, Christian
name: Meinert, Markus
name: Schmalhorst, Jan-Michael
name: Reiss, Günter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic tunnel junctions with Fe1+xCo2-xSi (0 < x < 1) electrodes and MgO barrier were prepared on MgO substrates by magnetron co-sputtering. Maximum tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios of 262 % at 15 K and 159 % at room temperature were observed for x=0.75. Correlations of the annealing temperature dependent atomic ordering and TMR amplitude are discussed. The high TMR for an intermediate stoichiometry is ascribed to the adjustment of the Fermi energy within a minority spin pseudo gap.
The Importance of Transparency in the Governmental Regulation of the Nonprofit Sector: Room for Improvement?
Creators: name: Jones, Hugh R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: The focus of this paper is not on the role of transparency in the self-regulation of the
nonprofit sector (clearly that could consume an entire paper in itself). However, the widespread
public availability of a charity’s financial and operational data in searchable form provides the
important “electric light” or “policeman” described by Justice Louis Brandeis, that allows the
IRS and state charity regulators to be a more efficient police force, aided by a militia of the
“informed citizenry” Madison envisioned. Clearly, one important public policy reason why the IRS Form 990 itself is public is the scarce resources the IRS possesses to audit and examine these “information returns.” Most recently available data indicates that the IRS examines less than .04 percent of the returns filed by 858,865 reporting tax exempt charitable organizations. Thus, the public availability of IRS Form 990 data allows donors, members of the public, the media, and other stakeholders to be the “eyes and ears” of the IRS in detecting malfeasance, and incomplete or inaccurate Form 990s. Moreover, charitable organizations that take the extra step to promote transparency by publishing the data on the Internet often short circuit what could be potentially costly and embarrassing investigations by governmental regulators by allowing experienced charity regulators to fend off unwarranted complaints almost immediately. The core purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which “transparency” plays in the government regulation of the nonprofit sector, with a particular emphasis on the extent to which a charity’s financial and operational data is electronically available on a widespread basis by government regulators, the extent to which government regulators make available on a widespread basis the results of investigations and enforcement actions, and to present and discuss the results of a survey of state charity regulator offices on the extent to which registration and other data is searchable and publicly available on the Internet. This paper will also examine how more liberalized information sharing between the IRS and state charity regulators can promote transparency, and thereby accountability, by our Nation’s tax exempt charitable organizations.
Spectral Generalized Multi-Dimensional Scaling
Creators: name: Aflalo, Yonathan
name: Dubrovina, Anastasia
name: Kimmel, Ron
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a family of methods that embed a given set of points into a simple, usually flat, domain. The points are assumed to be sampled from some metric space, and the mapping attempts to preserve the distances between each pair of points in the set. Distances in the target space can be computed analytically in this setting. Generalized MDS is an extension that allows mapping one metric space into another, that is, multidimensional scaling into target spaces in which distances are evaluated numerically rather than analytically. Here, we propose an efficient approach for computing such mappings between surfaces based on their natural spectral decomposition, where the surfaces are treated as sampled metric-spaces. The resulting spectral-GMDS procedure enables efficient embedding by implicitly incorporating smoothness of the mapping into the problem, thereby substantially reducing the complexity involved in its solution while practically overcoming its non-convex nature. The method is compared to existing techniques that compute dense correspondence between shapes. Numerical experiments of the proposed method demonstrate its efficiency and accuracy compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Transition To Order After Hilltop Inflation
Creators: name: Gleiser, Marcelo
name: Graham, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the rich nonlinear dynamics during the end of hilltop inflation by numerically solving the coupled Klein-Gordon-Friedmann equations in a expanding universe. In particular, we search for coherent, nonperturbative configurations that may emerge due to the combination of nontrivial couplings between the fields and resonant effects from the cosmological expansion. We couple a massless field to the inflaton to investigate its effect on the existence and stability of coherent configurations and the effective equation of state at reheating. For parameters consistent with data from the Planck and WMAP satellites, and for a wide range of couplings between the inflaton and the massless field, we identify a transition from disorder to order characterized by emergent oscillon-like configurations. We verify that these configurations can contribute a maximum of roughly 30% of the energy density in the universe. At late times their contribution to the energy density drops to about 3%, but they remain long-lived on cosmological time-scales, being stable throughout our simulations. Cosmological oscillon emergence is described using a new measure of order in field theory known as relative configurational entropy.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures totaling 25 .eps files
A Tale of Two Cities: Data and Configuration Variances in Robust Deep Learning
Creators: name: Zhang, Guanqin
name: Sun, Jiankun
name: Xu, Feng
name: Bandara, H. M. N. Dilum
name: Chen, Shiping
name: Sui, Yulei
name: Menzies, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Deep neural networks (DNNs), are widely used in many industries such as image recognition, supply chain, medical diagnosis, and autonomous driving. However, prior work has shown the high accuracy of a DNN model does not imply high robustness (i.e., consistent performances on new and future datasets) because the input data and external environment (e.g., software and model configurations) for a deployed model are constantly changing. Hence, ensuring the robustness of deep learning is not an option but a priority to enhance business and consumer confidence. Previous studies mostly focus on the data aspect of model variance. In this article, we systematically summarize DNN robustness issues and formulate them in a holistic view through two important aspects, i.e., data and software configuration variances in DNNs. We also provide a predictive framework to generate representative variances (counterexamples) by considering both data and configurations for robust learning through the lens of search-based optimization.
The Future of State Regulation of Charities
Creators: name: Fremont-Smith, Marion R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: The subject assigned to me, “The Future of State Regulation of Charities”, came with a request that I include some reflections on my experience as a state regulator some fifty years ago and as an observer and supporter of improved and expanded state regulation ever since then. Regulation of charities has two overriding purposes: (1) to assure accountability of fiduciaries and protect charitable assets, and (2) as part of a program of consumer protection to prevent misleading or fraudulent solicitations. This paper focuses on how the present scheme of state regulation developed, how and where it fits with federal regulation, and suggestions from scholars and practitioners as to how it might be improved. Finally, although my record for predicting changes is very poor, I will provide some surmises as to the future.
Repairing Uterine Lacerations Due to Dystocia
Creators: name: Andreas, John
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: What do you do when the uterus is severely lacerated as you correct a dystocia? In the past in our practice, many of these cases were sent to slaughter. Some cases could be repaired by laparotomy and prolonged nursing care, but this was an expensive and time-consuming procedure. Now we have another option, prolapsing the uterus first and then repairing the laceration, a procedure I picked up from Dr. Maarten Drost from the University of Florida. In my experience with three recent cases, this option results in better prognosis and fewer complications than laparotomy.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Temperature-Dependent Defect Dynamics in the Network Glass SiO2
Creators: name: Vollmayr-Lee, Katharina
name: Zippelius, Annette
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the long time dynamics of a strong glass former, SiO2, below the glass transition temperature by averaging single particle trajectories over time windows which comprise roughly 100 particle oscillations. The structure on this coarse-grained time scale is very well defined in terms of coordination numbers, allowing us to identify ill-coordinated atoms, called defects in the following. The most numerous defects are OO neighbors, whose lifetimes are comparable to the equilibration time at low temperature. On the other hand SiO and OSi defects are very rare and short lived. The lifetime of defects is found to be strongly temperature dependent, consistent with activated processes. Single-particle jumps give rise to local structural rearrangements. We show that in SiO2 these structural rearrangements are coupled to the creation or annihilation of defects, giving rise to very strong correlations of jumping atoms and defects.
description: 10 pages, 17 figures
Attorney General Regulation of Hybrid Entities as Charitable Trusts
Creators: name: Wexler, Robert A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Public administration

description: In which situations must, should or may state Attorneys General regulate the affairs of for- profit hybrid legal entities on the theory that they hold some or all of their assets in charitable trust? There is a movement afoot in the United States and around the globe – the social enterprise movement. Social enterprises are, generally speaking, organizations that generate revenues and also seek to benefit society in some way. According to the Social Enterprise Alliance, “[s]ocial enterprises are businesses whose primary purpose is the common good. They use the methods and disciplines of business and the power of the marketplace to advance their social, environmental and human justice agendas.” Some social enterprises are set up within the framework of a nonprofit corporation, but more and more for-profit corporations are being established to mix mission and profit.
"Superbill" Invoicing for the Mixed Practice
Creators: name: Anderson, Mike
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 1987

description: A superbill is a pseudonym for a style of invioce that lists all the services offered on a one page invoice and allows one to check-off only those services used. Coded services combined with a computer becomes a rapid method of charging all billable procedures; it insures consistency between doctors and lay staff, and the service history information is easily retrievable for summary review and adjustment.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 1987
Strange Silence: Attorneys General Reaction to The Internal Revenue Service’s Corporate Governance Initiative
Creators: name: Fishman, James J.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Public administration
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: These are hard times for charities, and regulators at all levels are not making it easier for nonprofits to perform their missions.  Recent regulatory efforts, most notably the Internal Revenue’s “Corporate Governance Initiative” (CGI), have caused a diversion of board and staff  energies from mission attainment and fundraising to a focus on formalism and process, which may have little to do with preventing fraud or even improving governance. This paper argues that the CGI not only is flawed but also represents an improper preemption of state law. I believe attorneys general should consider this misguided effort’s impact on the charities in their state and serve as a buffer, by pushing back against the IRS’s suggestions, and attempt to ease the burdens for smaller charities, which I arbitrarily define as organizations eligible to file Form 990–EZ and below.  The paper also urges attorneys general to exercise regulatory prudence by channeling their limited enforcement resources into scrutiny of larger charities and areas of common abuse–such as nonprofits established by sitting legislators and certain social services organizations where private inurement often exists – instead of facilitating an elaborate and expensive reporting system that affects most charities, innocent of such activities.