cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Biased landscapes for random Constraint Satisfaction Problems
Creators: name: Budzynski, Louise
name: Ricci-Tersenghi, Federico
name: Semerjian, Guilhem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The typical complexity of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) can be investigated by means of random ensembles of instances. The latter exhibit many threshold phenomena besides their satisfiability phase transition, in particular a clustering or dynamic phase transition (related to the tree reconstruction problem) at which their typical solutions shatter into disconnected components. In this paper we study the evolution of this phenomenon under a bias that breaks the uniformity among solutions of one CSP instance, concentrating on the bicoloring of k-uniform random hypergraphs. We show that for small k the clustering transition can be delayed in this way to higher density of constraints, and that this strategy has a positive impact on the performances of Simulated Annealing algorithms. We characterize the modest gain that can be expected in the large k limit from the simple implementation of the biasing idea studied here. This paper contains also a contribution of a more methodological nature, made of a review and extension of the methods to determine numerically the discontinuous dynamic transition threshold.
description: 32 pages, 16 figures
title: Knorpel-Synovialis-Cokultur: Humanes ex vivo-Modell der Knorpeldegeneration
Creators: name: Mucke, Johanna
name: Warzynski, Victoria
name: Bleck, Ellen
name: Pauly, Thomas
name: Claßen, Tim
name: Schneider, Matthias
name: Vordenbäumen, Stefan
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Einleitung: Sowohl die rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) als auch die Arthrose (OA) sind gekennzeichnet durch Degradation von Knorpelgewebe. Dennoch sind humane ex vivo Knorpelmodelle selten. In dieser Arbeit untersuchten wir den Einfluss von explantiertem humanem Synovialisgewebe sowie Stimulantion mit TNF-α[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: 47. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh), 33. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh), 29. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)
title: The Bird That Saw the World Destroyed 10,000 Times
Creators: name: Rutti, Sophia
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Shahnameh
subject: Zal
subject: Ferdowsi
subject: Persian myth
subject: Mythology
subject: Rudabeh

description: This thesis has been embargoed for 10 years and will not be available until April 2030 at the earliest.
description: In Ancient Persia, fate and the Persian Shahs rule all. But when Zāl, the White-Haired Warrior, and Rudabeh of Kabol fall in love they defy not only the hand of fate but also the petty dictates of their leaders. Zāl, a cursed and legendary soldier lives and serves with only one purpose: to conquer in the name of Persia and, when he can finally rest, to rest in the place where he was raised—the God’s Nest. That is until he meets Rudabeh, a Princess and a Fire-Goddess entangled in family duty, political intrigue and a prophecy that hovers over her life: she will be the mother of the greatest conqueror of Persia, but in the child’s birth she will die—a trade she’s not sure she’s willing to make. Their love and desire to be married finds them at odds with the greatest Shah in Persia, their families, and in the time of greatest strife, their own natures. When Rudabeh finally sees Zāl as the legendary cursed soldier that he is, she wonders if she has trapped herself in a situation that even she cannot escape. The sins of birth are not easily forgiven.
n-Alkyl Thiol Head Group Interactions with the Au(111) Surface
Creators: name: Yourdshahyan, Y.
name: Zhang, H. K.
name: Rappe, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State-of-the-art first principles calculations based on density functional theory were performed on CH_3(CH_2)_{n-1}S-Au(111) systems. We show that the adsorption site of methylthiolate at low coverage on the Au(111) surface is the fcc site, not the hcp site as has been recently reported. Further, we report results for chain length dependency and the electronic structure of the system.
description: This file is in RevTeX format; it contains 4 tables,54 references and 4 figures. Submitted to Phys. Rev. B (Rapid Commun.)
title: Decreased C5aR1 autoantibodies correlate with higher relapse rates in ANCA-associated vasculitis
Creators: name: Klapa, Sebastian
name: Müller, Antje
name: Heidecke, Harald
name: Koch, Andreas
name: Kerstein, Anja
name: Karsten, Christian
name: Junker, Juliane
name: Kaehler, Wataru
name: Schinke, Susanne
name: Huber-Lang, Markus
name: Riemekasten, Gabriela
name: Lamprecht, Peter
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Background: Activation of the alternative and final common pathway and in-situ deposition of components of the alternative pathway of complement have been shown in AAV. Circulating titers of the anaphylatoxin C5a are elevated and correlate with disease activity in AAV. Blocking of the receptor C5aR [for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 47. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh), 33. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh), 29. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)
Development of the UNC Perceived Message Effectiveness Scale for Youth
Creators: name: Vereen R.N
name: Brewer N.T
name: Kurtzman R
name: Adams E
name: Noar S.M
name: Hall M.G
name: Gottfredson N
name: Sheldon J.M
Publisher: name: NLM (Medline)
Year: 2023

description: PURPOSE: Tobacco prevention media campaigns are an important tool to address youth tobacco use. We developed a theory-based perceived message effectiveness (PME) Scale to use when vetting messages for campaigns. METHODS: Participants were a national sample of N=623 US adolescents (ages 13-17 years) recruited from a national probability-based panel. In an online experiment, we randomised adolescents to view tobacco prevention ads. All participants viewed an ad on smoking or vaping from the US Food and Drug Administration's The Real Cost campaign and a control video, in a random order. After ad exposure, we assessed PME using nine candidate items and constructs for convergent and criterion validity analyses. We used confirmatory factor analysis and examined information curves to select the scale items. RESULTS: A brief PME scale with three items (α=0.95) worked equally well for demographically diverse adolescents with different patterns of tobacco use. The Real Cost ads generated higher PME scores than the control videos for both vaping and smoking (convergent validity; p<0.05). Higher PME scores were associated with greater attention, fear, cognitive elaboration and anticipated social interactions (convergent validity; r=0.31-0.66), as well as more negative attitudes toward and lower susceptibility to vaping and smoking (criterion validity; r=-0.14 to -0.37). A single-item PME measure performed similarly to the three-item version. CONCLUSIONS: The University of North Carolina PME Scale for Youth is a reliable and valid measure of the potential effectiveness of vaping and smoking prevention ads. Employing PME scales during message development and selection may help youth tobacco prevention campaigns deploy more effective ads.
Constraints on Cosmic Ray Transport in Galaxy Clusters from Radio and Gamma Ray Observations
Creators: name: Wiener, Joshua
name: Zweibel, Ellen G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of cosmic rays (CRs) and cosmic ray transport in galaxy clusters is probed by a number of observations. Radio observations reveal the synchrotron radiation of cosmic ray electrons (CRe) spiraling around cluster magnetic fields. $γ$-ray observations reveal hadronic reactions of cosmic ray protons (CRp) with ambient gas nuclei which produce pions. To date, no such cluster-wide $γ$-ray signal has been measured, putting an upper limit on the density of CRp present in clusters. But the presence of CRe implies some source of CRp, and consequently there must be some CRp loss mechanism. In this paper we quantify the observational constraints on this loss mechanism assuming that losses are dominated by CR transport, ultimately deriving a minimum diffusion coefficient of $\sim10^{31}$ cm$^2$ s$^{-1}$ in the Coma cluster. This lower limit on transport may help illuminate some unknown properties of the cluster field topology. Conversely, measurements of cluster field tangling scales can constrain other model parameters, such as the relative acceleration efficiency of protons to electrons. To be consistent with the Coma observations, protons cannot be accelerated more than 15 times more efficiently than electrons of the same energy.
title: The dopaminergic pathway – a potential new way to target B cells in rheumatic diseases
Creators: name: Wieber, Karolin
name: Baraliakos, Xenofon
name: Braun, Jürgen
name: Capellino, Silvia
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Background: Dopamine (DA) is involved in local joint inflammation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Moreover, limited studies already address its pro-inflammatory role for systemic immune responses, specifically in autoimmunity. By examining the dopaminergic system and its function in peripheral[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
description: 47. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Rheumatologie (DGRh), 33. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Orthopädische Rheumatologie (DGORh), 29. Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Kinder- und Jugendrheumatologie (GKJR)
title: Narratives, the Media and Operation Cast Lead
Creators: name: Mack, Philipp
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Israel
subject: Palestine
subject: Narrative
subject: Media
subject: Operation Cast Lead

description: The objective of this Master thesis was to conduct a narrative analysis of the news coverage of the Gaza War in 2008/9 between Israel and Hamas. More specifically, this work discusses the application of Israeli and Palestinian historical-national narratives in English language online (version) newspapers from the U.S., Israel as well as the Palestinians and the Arab world. The purpose is to improve the reader’s understanding of narratives and their media applicability in a conflict context and especially in light of Israeli-Palestinian issues. For this qualitative research, numerous articles published in different newspapers on several days during the start, middle and end phase of the war were analyzed. Results show amongst others that in terms of Israeli narratives there are certain recurrent themes and historical references (e.g. the Six Day War) frequently applied in the media. With respect to Palestinian narratives, the picture is less clear and one comes rather across what you may call a counter-Israel narrative than a clear Palestinian one.
Fast radio burst source properties from polarization measurements
Creators: name: Lu, Wenbin
name: Kumar, Pawan
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent polarization measurements of fast radio bursts (FRBs) provide new insights on these enigmatic sources. We show that the nearly 100% linear polarization and small variation of the polarization position angles (PAs) of multiple bursts from the same source suggest that the radiation is produced near the surface of a strongly magnetized neutron star. As the emitted radiation travels through the magnetosphere, the electric vector of the X-mode wave adiabatically rotates and stays perpendicular to the local magnetic field direction. The PA freezes at a radius where the plasma density becomes too small to be able to turn the electric vector. At the freeze-out radius, the electric field is perpendicular to the magnetic dipole moment of the neutron star projected in the plane of the sky, independent of the radiation mechanism or the orientation of the magnetic field in the emission region. We discuss a number of predictions of the model. The variation of PAs from repeating FRBs should follow the rotational period of the underlying neutron star (but the burst occurrence may not be periodic). Measuring this period will provide crucial support for the neutron star nature of the progenitors of FRBs. For FRB 121102, the small range of PA variation means that the magnetic inclination angle is less than about 20 degrees and that the observer's line of sight is outside the magnetic inclination cone. Other repeating FRBs may have a different range of PA variation from that of FRB 121102, depending on the magnetic inclination and the observer's viewing angle.
description: With minor edits to match the published version
title: Conscious Objects, Infinite Capacity: A Personal Case Study With Collaborative Dialogue From Art, Neuroscience and Theology
Creators: name: Cole McInturff, Cecilia
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Consciousness
subject: Art
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sculpture
subject: Theology

description: This thesis catalog chronologically records in-studio aspects of design, construction, and a substantive major edit of a 2015 sculptural exhibition completing MFA requirements for graduation. Also, it is a case study of incremental alterations in personal consciousness experienced throughout the 2011-2015 studio process. In the style of a collaborative dialogue, alternating my own text with excerpts of thesis research from art, neuroscience and theology, it examines ways the state of an individual‘s consciousness during creating holds larger societal impact. While not seeking nor required to prove theory, I conclude that creative works conceptually based on the less defined and the more innate, which though not religious are consciously and affirmatively belief-based in some way, impact culture distinctly from art made for other (totally legitimate) reasons, including political, economic, aesthetic ones. Further, I observe such art’s impact is critical to the serious and sustained cultural commitment – or belief in commitment - necessary in a culture for creativity itself to exist.
title: ADCO, Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0545
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0545, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Septième cartulaire de Saint-Étienne de Dijon (1661-1665), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 29 (G 134), 996 folios, f. 0545, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https://manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye Saint-Étienne de Dijon
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q15945019
Evaluation of Thermo-Acoustic Stability Behavior in Full-Scale Liquid Rocket Propulsion Systems
Creators: name: KOEGLMEIER, S.
name: KAESS, R.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences. Madrid, Spain, 1-4 july 2019
Year: 2019
Subjects: COMBUSTION
LIQUID ROCKET ENGINES
DIAGNOSTICS
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
AEROACOUSTICS

description: Owing to the lack of predictive analysis methods the evaluation of combustion stability characteristics by means of full-scale testing is still the central element of the industrial development process for liquid rocket propulsion systems. This publication reports on current tools and techniques used to assess the thermoacoustic stability behavior by means of dynamic combustion chamber pressure measurements. Special emphasis is placed on the application of so-called infinite tube pressure probes as a means for attaining high quality measurement data under the constrains of full-scale testing.
Additional file 1 of Causal relationships between atopic dermatitis and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Creators: name: Cao, Suqi
name: Zhang, Zicheng
name: Liu, Lei
name: Li, Yin
name: Li, Wei
name: Li, Yunling
name: Wu, Dingfeng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Cell Biology
Neuroscience
Biotechnology
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Radial plots to visualize individual outlier single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Mendelian randomization (MR) estimates for association between AD and psychiatric disorders. IVW and MR-Egger outliers (Purple dot) were removed. Figure S2. Forest plots of the causal association using two-sample MR analysis methods between atopic dermatitis and psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorder including ADHD, AN, Anxiety, ASD, BD, MDD, Schizophrenia and TS as exposures, and atopic dermatitis as outcome. Figure S3. Leave-one-out plots of the causal relationships between atopic dermatitis and psychiatric disorders. Table S1. Summary of the casual relationships of atopic dermatitis (AD) and psychiatric disease with Mendelian randomization method. Table S2. Inferring casual relationships of atopic dermatitis (AD) on psychiatric disease using cML-MA method. Table S3. The casual relationships of psychiatric disease and atopic dermatitis (AD) with reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) method. Table S4. Inferring casual relationships of psychiatric disease on atopic dermatitis (AD) using cML-MA method. Table S5. The horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity results in reverse MR.
Electron-Phonon Coupling Deduced from Phonon Line Shapes
Creators: name: Bock, A.
name: Ostertun, S.
name: Subke, K. -O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Fano-type line shape of the Ba mode of Y_{1-x}Ca_xBa_2Cu_3O_{6+y} films observed in Raman spectra with A_1g symmetry. The line shape is described with an extended Fano formula that allows us to obtain the bare phonon parameters and the self-energy effects based on a phenomenological description of the real and imaginary part of the low-energy electronic response. It turns out that the phonon intensity originates almost entirely from a coupling to this electronic response with negligible contributions from interband (high-energy) electronic excitations. In the normal state we obtain a measure of the electron-phonon coupling via the mass-enhancement factor lambda. We find lambda=6.8 +/- 0.5 % around optimum doping and only weak changes of the self-energy in the superconducting state. With increased disorder at the Ba site we find a decreased intensity of the Ba mode which we can relate to a decreased electron-phonon coupling.
description: 6 pages including 2 figures, accepted for publication in Physica Status Solidi (b) contribution to ICSSS, September 1999 in Schwaebisch Gmuend, Germany
Experimental analysis of aluminum-droplet combustion in solid-propellant conditions using deep learning
Creators: name: DEVILLERS, R.W.
name: NUGUE, M.
name: CHAN-HON-TONG, A.
name: LE BESNERAIS, G.
name: PICHILLOU, J.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences. Madrid, Spain, 1-4 july 2019
Year: 2019
Subjects: SOLID PROPELLANTS
OPTICAL DIAGNOSTICS
IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING
COMBUSTION

description: Shadowgraphy is good technique to image aluminum combustion for small solid-propellant samples. But classical detection methods struggle to provide accurate data on aluminum droplets with such different aspects. A new semantic-segmentation approach is tested using deep learning to classify every image pixel over various classes. The UNET network was trained on 45 annotated images for combustion at 1.0 and 2.0 MPa. Detection performances were compared to those of the classical Maximally-Stable Extremal Regions algorithm. The semantic-segmentation approach was able to distinguish droplets from the surrounding flame with better detection performances (Precision, Recall).
Microscopic Fluctuation Theory (mFT) for interacting Poisson processes
Creators: name: Monthus, Cecile
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: While the Macroscopic Fluctuation Theory (MFT) is a renormalized theory in the hydrodynamic limit based on a space-time local Lagrangian that is Gaussian with respect to the empirical current, C. Maes, K. Netocny and B. Wynants [Markov Proc. Rel. Fields. 14, 445 (2008)] have derived a microscopic Fluctuation Theory (mFT) for independent Markov jump processes based on a space-time local Lagrangian that is Poissonian with respect to the empirical flow, in direct relation with the general theory of large deviations at 'Level 2.5' for Markovian processes. Here we describe how this approach can be generalized to the presence of interactions, that can be either zero-range or involve neighbors, either for closed systems or for open systems with reservoirs.
description: 12 pages
Searching for Cold Dark Matter. A case of coexistence of Supersymmetry and Nuclear Physics
Creators: name: Vergados, J. D.
name: Kosmas, T. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct detection rate for supersymmetric cold dark matter (CDM) particles is calculated for a number of suitable nuclear targets. Both the coherent and spin contributions are considered. By considering representative phenomenologically acceptable input in the restricted SUSY parameter space, detectable rates are predicted for some choices of the parameters. The modulation effect, due to the Earth's annual motion, has also been considered and found to be $\le 4%$. Its precise value depends on the mass of CDM particles (LSP) and the structure of the target.
description: 23 LATEX pages, 5 figures (Fig. 1 and Fig 2. available on request, Figs. 3-5 PS-form included), 6 Tables (Tables 2, 4, 5 with two parts (a) and (b)). Sov. J. of Nucl. Phys., to appear
Aerodynamic Database Simulation Implementation Based On Neural Network and Neural Network Parameter Selection Using Genetic Algorithms
Creators: name: KURT, Huseyin Burak
name: MILLIDERE, Murat
name: SEZER, Emrah
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences. Madrid, Spain, 1-4 july 2019
Year: 2019
Subjects: AI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
SIMULATION
MODEL IDENTIFICATION
MODELLING
AERODYNAMICS

description: Simulation implementation of aerodynamic database is performed using lookup tables in traditional approach. This approach is slow, when number of aerodynamic dimensions increases. In this study, we suggest that neural network model for simulation implementation of aerodynamic database, instead of lookup tables. Suggested approach is faster than lookup table, when number of aerodynamic dimension increases and estimation of neural network model is promising. However neural network model has many parameters which have to be tuned for optimum result. People who have solid experience with neural network can find optimum parameter in short time. However people don\'t have solid experience with neural network spend a lot of time to find optimum parameter values. In addition, in this study, in order to find optimum parameter values for neural network structure, parameters are optimized using genetic algorithm for given initial parameters. Also F-16 aerodynamic database is used for implementation of neural network model.
title: Invitation and Program: Patriot Club Official Mason Final Four Celebration, May 2, 2006
Creators: name: University, George Mason
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: George Mason University
subject: Basketball
subject: Final Four
subject: Michael, George
subject: Patriot Club

description: Invitation: color, 5.5" x 8.5" (14 cm x 21.6 cm); Program and Insert: color, 8.5" x 11" (21.6 cm x 27.9 cm)
description: Invitation, program, and insert for the official Patriot Club Final Four Celebration held at the Patriot Center on May 2, 2006. The insert features a bio on the emcee for the evening, NBC News 4's Sports Director George Michael. 2005-06 Men's Basketball Season and Tournament Run Collection 1.17
Diabetes medication regimens and patient clinical characteristics in the national patient-centered clinical research network, PCORnet
Creators: name: Knoepp P
name: Grijalva C.G
name: Bradford R
name: O’Brien E
name: Louzao D.
name: Donahoo W.T
name: Morris H.L
name: Chakkalakal R.J
name: Fonseca V
name: Roumie C.L
name: Choi S
name: Wiese A.D
name: Buse J.B
name: Cook M.M
name: Rothman R.L
name: Fanous N
name: Katalenich B
name: Bachmann K.N
name: Zalimeni E.O
name: Dard S
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc
Year: 2020

description: We used electronic medical record (EMR) data in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) to characterize “real-world” prescription patterns of Type 2 diabetes (T2D) medications. We identified a retrospective cohort of 613,203 adult patients with T2D from 33 datamarts (median patient number: 12,711) from 2012 through 2017 using a validated computable phenotype. We characterized outpatient T2D prescriptions for each patient in the 90 days before and after cohort entry, as well as demographics, comorbidities, non-T2D prescriptions, and clinical and laboratory variables in the 730 days prior to cohort entry. Approximately half of the individuals in the cohort were females and 20% Black. Hypertension (60.3%) and hyperlipidemia (50.5%) were highly prevalent. Most patients were prescribed either a single T2D drug class (42.2%) or had no evidence of a T2D prescription in the EMR (42.4%). A smaller percentage was prescribed multiple T2D drug types (15.4%). Among patients prescribed a single T2D drug type, metformin was the most common (42.6%), followed by insulin (18.2%) and sulfonylureas (13.9%). Newer classes represented approximately 13% of single T2D drug type prescriptions (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors [6.6%], glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists [2.5%], thiazolidinediones [2.0%], and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors [1.6%]). Among patients prescribed multiple T2D drug types, the most common combination was metformin and sulfonylureas (63.5%). Metformin-based regimens were highly prevalent in PCORnet's T2D population, whereas newer agents were prescribed less frequently. PCORnet is a novel source for the potential conduct of observational studies among patients with T2D.
title: Lesson Study as an Induction Tool for Novice Teachers’ Performance
Creators: name: Arditi, Orit
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Lesson study
subject: Experienced teachers
subject: Induction
subject: Educational reform
subject: Novice teachers
subject: Professional development

description: The purpose of this study is (a) to examine the role of the lesson study as an induction program that would promote retentions for novice teachers through structured learning-communities, and (b) to explore the elements of the lesson study that made a positive impression on novices and experienced teachers. A mixed methods design was used to explore the following research questions: Are there any differences between experienced and novice teachers’ perceptions of professional learning, collegial learning effectiveness, expectations for student achievement, and their ability to promoting student thinking?; and What elements of the lesson study process and what types of interactions that occur between novice and experienced teachers over the course of the lesson study cycle contributed to the learning and personal growth of the teachers? Teachers were asked to respond to a number of surveys regarding their perceived collegial learning effectiveness; expectations for student achievement; and using and promoting student thinking. Teachers’ written reflections and videotapes documenting the lesson study meetings of two groups of mixed teachers – novices and experienced – were collected. Results showed no statistically significant differences between the novices and experienced teachers in all variables. A qualitative analysis of the videotapes revealed that the elements of the lesson study that might have affected the two groups were the dynamics between teachers in the groups and the learning opportunities for both novice and experienced teachers. These findings suggest that both novice and experienced teachers may benefit from the lesson study process. Limitations and educational implications are discussed.
A Full Probabilistic Model for Yes/No Type Crowdsourcing in Multi-Class Classification
Creators: name: Saldias, Belen
name: Protopapas, Pavlos
name: Pichara, Karim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Crowdsourcing has become widely used in supervised scenarios where training sets are scarce and difficult to obtain. Most crowdsourcing models in the literature assume labelers can provide answers to full questions. In classification contexts, full questions require a labeler to discern among all possible classes. Unfortunately, discernment is not always easy in realistic scenarios. Labelers may not be experts in differentiating all classes. In this work, we provide a full probabilistic model for a shorter type of queries. Our shorter queries only require "yes" or "no" responses. Our model estimates a joint posterior distribution of matrices related to labelers' confusions and the posterior probability of the class of every object. We developed an approximate inference approach, using Monte Carlo Sampling and Black Box Variational Inference, which provides the derivation of the necessary gradients. We built two realistic crowdsourcing scenarios to test our model. The first scenario queries for irregular astronomical time-series. The second scenario relies on the image classification of animals. We achieved results that are comparable with those of full query crowdsourcing. Furthermore, we show that modeling labelers' failures plays an important role in estimating true classes. Finally, we provide the community with two real datasets obtained from our crowdsourcing experiments. All our code is publicly available.
description: SIAM International Conference on Data Mining (SDM19), 9 official pages, 5 supplementary pages
Dietary potassium intake remains low and sodium intake remains high, and most sodium is derived from home food preparation for chinese adults, 1991–2015 trends
Creators: name: Popkin B.M
name: Wang H
name: Du S
name: Zhang B
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2020

description: Background: Intervention strategies to reduce sodium intake and increase potassium intake may decrease blood pressure; however, most are focused on reducing sodium in processed food globally. Objectives: We attempt to fill important gaps in understanding the dynamics of these dietary determinants of hypertension in China. Methods: We used data on 29,926 adults aged ≥20 y between 1991 and 2015 from an ongoing cohort, the China Health and Nutrition Survey. We collected detailed diet data with use of weighing methods with 3 consecutive 24-h recalls. With panel data random-effects models, we analyzed factors associated with sodium and potassium intakes and sodium to potassium (Na/K) ratios. Results: Sodium intake decreased from 6.3 g/d in 1991 to 4.1 g/d in 2015, still twice the tolerable upper intake recommended by the WHO. Potassium intake was 1.7 g/d in 1991 and 1.5 g/d in 2015, below half that recommended by the WHO. The Na/K ratio decreased from 4.1 (ratios in g) in 1991 to 3.1 in 2015, 5 times the recommendation of the WHO. More than two-thirds (67%) of sodium intake was from salt added during food preparation, with 8.8% from processed foods in 2015, up from 5.0% in 1991. The most at-risk populations lived in China’s central region and rural areas, were middle aged, had lower educations, or were farmers. Conclusions: Sodium intake is very high across all regions in China. As part of sodium reduction efforts, China should target people living in the central region and adults aged above 60 whose sodium intakes are much higher. Strategies to decrease sodium intake and increase potassium intake should be different from those applied in the Western world where the major source is processed food. Reduced sodium higher potassium salts should become a major policy initiative in China.
Low Temperature Magnetic Properties of the Double Exchange Model
Creators: name: Zang, Jun
name: Röder, H.
name: Bishop, A. R.
name: Trugman, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the {\it ferromagnetic} (FM) Kondo lattice model in the strong coupling limit (double exchange (DE) model). The DE mechanism proposed by Zener to explain ferromagnetism has unexpected properties when there is more than one itinerant electron. We find that, in general, the many-body ground state of the DE model is {\it not} globally FM ordered (except for special filled-shell cases). Also, the low energy excitations of this model are distinct from spin wave excitations in usual Heisenberg ferromagnets, which will result in unusual dynamic magnetic properties.
description: 5 pages, RevTeX, 5 Postscript figures included
Single-shot measurement of space varying polarization state of light through interferometric quantification of geometric phase
Creators: name: S, Athira B
name: Pal, Mandira
name: Mukherjee, Sounak
name: Mishra, Jatadhari
name: Nandy, Dibyendu
name: Ghosh, Nirmalya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light beam carrying spatially varying state of polarization generates space varying Pancharatnam-Berry geometric phase while propagating through homogeneous anisotropic medium. We show that determination of such space varying geometric phase provides a unique way to quantify the space varying polarization state of light using a single-shot interferometric measurement. We demonstrate this concept in a Mach-Zehnder interferometric arrangement using a linearly polarized reference light beam, where full information on the spatially varying polarization state is successfully recovered by quantifying the space varying geometric phase and the contrast of interference. The proposed method enables single-shot measurement of any space varying polarization state of light from the measured interference pattern with a polarized reference beam. This approach shows considerable potential for instantaneous mapping of complex space varying polarization of light in diverse applications, such as astronomy, biomedical imaging, nanophotonics, etc., where high precision and near real-time measurement of spatial polarization patterns are desirable.
Differential Role for Hippocampal Subfields in Alzheimer's Disease Progression Revealed with Deep Learning
Creators: name: Styner, M
name: Dayan, E
name: Giovanello, K.S
name: Kwak, K
name: Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
name: Niethammer, M
Publisher: name: Oxford University Press
Year: 2022

description: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is often considered the precursor of Alzheimer's disease. However, MCI is associated with substantially variable progression rates, which are not well understood. Attempts to identify the mechanisms that underlie MCI progression have often focused on the hippocampus but have mostly overlooked its intricate structure and subdivisions. Here, we utilized deep learning to delineate the contribution of hippocampal subfields to MCI progression. We propose a dense convolutional neural network architecture that differentiates stable and progressive MCI based on hippocampal morphometry with an accuracy of 75.85%. A novel implementation of occlusion analysis revealed marked differences in the contribution of hippocampal subfields to the performance of the model, with presubiculum, CA1, subiculum, and molecular layer showing the most central role. Moreover, the analysis reveals that 10.5% of the volume of the hippocampus was redundant in the differentiation between stable and progressive MCI.
Rhinodrilidae sensu James 2012
Creators: name: Ferreira, Talita
name: Niva, Cintia C.
name: Dudas, Rafaela
name: Roani, Rodrigo
name: Durães, Natália
name: Marchão, Robélio Leandro
name: James, Samuel Wooster
name: Bartz, Marie L. C.
name: Brown, George G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Annelida
Clitellata
Haplotaxida
Rhinodrilidae

description: Rhinodrilidae sp.  BRDF0332, 1 individual, in silvopastoral system, Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina-DF (S15°36'28.74", W47°42'19.58"), 12 April 2019, I. R. de Sousa, colls. BRDF0366, 1 individual. in gallery forest, Fazenda Água Limpa / UnB, Brasília-DF (S15°57'15.50", W47°57'42.38"), 16 January 2020, C. C. Niva, N. Dur „es, A. E. C. B. Guedes, K. M. M. de Deus, C. Y. H. Ussuki, colls. BRDF0408, 1 individual, in Cerrado stricto sensu, Botanical Garden, Brasília-DF (S15°43'39.55", W47°56'48.38"), 12 December 2018, M. Bartz, colls. BRDF0420, 1 adult, on road, Botanical Garden, Brasília-DF (S15°52'57.33", W 47°51'3.61"), 11 December 2018, Roberto Cavalcanti Sampaio, colls.
description: Published as part of Ferreira, Talita, Niva, Cintia C., Dudas, Rafaela, Roani, Rodrigo, Durães, Natália, Marchão, Robélio Leandro, James, Samuel Wooster, Bartz, Marie L. C. & Brown, George G., 2023, Earthworm species in different land use systems in the state of Goiás and the Federal District of Brazil, pp. 283-303 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on page 291, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.24, http://zenodo.org/record/7744899
title: Political Requirements for Economic Upgrade in Single-Party Authoritarian Regimes: A Comparative Analysis
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2021

description: This dissertation explains variation in authoritarian, single-party states’ ability to implement major policy initiatives to improve economic performance. Successful implementation of major economic upgrading initiatives requires minimum favorable political conditions defined by a strong central leadership, weak elite opposition, and a cohesive public. Variation in the same political factors can also affect incentives for state leaders to carry out coercion of elites and/ or elevate repression of the public. Cases analyzed and compared in the study include three episodes from China’s history since the 1990s, the Soviet Union in the 1980s, and Taiwan under KMT authoritarian rule in the 1970s.
CFD kinetic scheme validation for Liquid Rocket Engine fuelled by oxygen/methane
Creators: name: NATALE, Pasquale
name: SACCONE, Guido
name: BATTISTA, Francesco
Publisher: name: Proceedings of the 8th European Conference for Aeronautics and Space Sciences. Madrid, Spain, 1-4 july 2019
Year: 2019
Subjects: COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
LIQUID ROCKET ENGINES
COMBUSTION KINETICS
TURBULENT COMBUSTION

description: In recent years, greater attention has been paid to green propellants, among those liquid methane is one of the most promising choice. This has also been encouraged by the abolition of hydrazine for its intrinsic human-rating concerns. On the other hand, the adoption of methane as a fuel introduces some issues about modelling. Detailed kinetic schemes are required to properly reconstruct combustion process. This is especially true for rocket propulsion problems, in which the combustion is characterized by high pressure and not stoichiometric mixture ratio. Moreover, detailed scheme may not be feasible for CFD applications, due to high computational cost. For this reason, adoption of reduced schemes is encouraged, even if detailed mechanism description is required. In the present work, a reduced kinetic scheme (HPRB, by CIRA) will be presented for a specific LRE application. Some experimental firing-tests (i.e. FSBB test-campaign) will then be compared with model results, in order to validate the proposed model.
Experimental evidence of multiple magnetic relaxation processes in Mn12 acetate and Mn12 2-Cl benzoate
Creators: name: Evangelisti, Marco
name: Bartolome, Juan
name: Luis, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mn cluster complexes Mn12(RCOO)16(H2O)4O12 with R=CH3 and 2ClPh (hereafter referred to as Mn12 acetate and Mn12 2-Cl benzoate, respectively) exhibit macroscopic magnetic quantum tunneling. Dynamical magnetic measurements indicate for both samples that the anisotropy energy barrier is nearly the same and that the relaxation times have sharp minima at the same resonant fields. However, we show that for both compounds a minority portion of the clusters does not undergo this main relaxation process. From ac-susceptibility experiments, we report evidence of a continuous distribution of faster relaxation times, giving rise to a second relaxation regime. The zero-field effective relaxation times of such a distribution follow an Arrhenius law with energy barrier of approximately 23 and 30 K for the acetate and the benzoate, respectively. In the case of Mn12 2-Cl benzoate, the field dependence of the effective relaxation time points towards the existence of spin tunneling with Hz=0 being a resonant field. The existence of a broad distribution of energy barriers is corroborated in magnetization experiments by the observation of logarithmic relaxation at short times.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures; LaTeX with elsart.cls; to be published in Solid State Communications
title: A Cross-Dataset Evaluation of Genetically Evolved Neural Network Architectures
Creators: name: Gelman, Ben
Publisher: name: George Mason University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Neural networks
subject: Deep learning
subject: Genetic algorithms
subject: Data

description: The design of deep neural networks is often colloquially described as an `art.' Although there are some common, guiding principles such as using convolutions for data with spatial locality or using recurrence for data with temporal characteristics, neural network architectures tend to be manually engineered. Few works currently provide methods to determine optimal architectures and hyper parameters. In this work, we generate empirical evidence for neural network architecture choices. We use a genetic algorithm to evolve 980 neural networks for a variety of common data sets. We analyze the characteristics of the highest performing architectures, compare those traits across data sets, and present a set of generalizable neural network design patterns.
Late-time Cosmic Acceleration from Compactification
Creators: name: Russo, J. G.
name: Townsend, P. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the implications of energy conditions on cosmological compactification solutions of the higher-dimensional Einstein field equations. It is known that the Strong Energy Condition forbids time-independent compactifications to de Sitter space but allows time-dependent compactifications to other (homogeneous and isotropic) expanding universes that undergo a {\it transient} period of acceleration. Here we show that the same assumptions allow compactification to FLRW universes undergoing {late-time} accelerated expansion; the late-time stress tensor is a perfect fluid but with a lower bound on the pressure/energy-density ratio that excludes de Sitter but allows accelerated power-law expansion. The compact space undergoes a decelerating expansion that leads to decompactification, but on an arbitrarily long timescale.
description: 23 pages. New subsections and references added
Probabilistic Fragmentation and Effective Power Law
Creators: name: Marsili, M.
name: Zhang, Y. -C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple fragmentation model is introduced and analysed. We show that, under very general conditions, an effective power law for the mass distribution arises with realistic exponent. This exponent has a universal limit, but in practice the effective exponent depends on the detailed breaking mechanism and the initial conditions. This dependence is in good agreement with experimental results of fragmentation.
description: 4 pages Revtex, 2 figures, zipped and uuencoded
Peccei-Quinn Symmetry and Nucleon Decay in Renormalizable SUSY SO(10)
Creators: name: Babu, K. S.
name: Fukuyama, Takeshi
name: Khan, Saki
name: Saad, Shaikh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We suggest simple ways of implementing Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry to solve the strong CP problem in renormalizable SUSY $SO(10)$ models with a minimal Yukawa sector. Realistic fermion mass generation requires that a second pair of Higgs doublets survive down to the PQ scale. We show how unification of gauge couplings can be achieved in this context. Higgsino mediated proton decay rate is strongly suppressed by a factor of $(M_{\rm PQ}/M_{\rm GUT})^2$, which enables all SUSY particles to have masses of order TeV. With TeV scale SUSY spectrum, $p \rightarrow \overlineν K^+$ decay rate is expected to be in the observable range. Lepton flavor violating processes $μ\rightarrow eγ$ decay and $μ-e$ conversion in nuclei, induced by the Dirac neutrino Yukawa couplings, are found to be within reach of forthcoming experiments.
description: 38 pages, 4 figures, replacement to match with the published version