Pararrhynchium
Creators: name: Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Eumenidae
Pararrhynchium

description: Key to species of genus Pararrhynchium
The characters are applicable to both sexes unless the sex is specified. The characters are taken from the description of the species following van der Vecht (1963), Yamane (1990) and Gusenleitner (1998), except specimens of P. striatum, P. concavum from Vietnam and P. paradoxum and P. ornatum from China.
1. Propodeum without shelf. Epicnemial carina absent. Japan (Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands)......... P. oceanicum Sk. Yamane
- Propodeum with a distinct shelf between crest and metanotum. Epicnemial carina present............................ 2
2. T1 with distinct basal transverse carina.................................................................... 3
- T1 with partial transverse carina at base................................................................... 10
3. Dorsal lateral areas of propodeum each with impunctate, partly rugose area in the middle. China (Shanghai, Sichuan (“Yachow”), Guangdong)............................................................. P. smithii (de Saussure)
- Dorsal lateral areas of propodeum with coarse and dense punctures.............................................. 4
4. Apical margin of T2–3 lamellate, slightly bent upward........................................................ 5
- Apical margin of T3 not lamellate........................................................................ 7
5. Clypeus wider than long (about 1.25 × as wide as long). Propodeum with superior carinae apically not forming teeth behind metanotum. Taiwan .......................................................... P. taiwanum Kim & Sk.Yamane
- Clypeus narrower than long. Propodeum with superior crinae apically forming a pair of teeth behind metanotum.......... 6
6. Scutellum and metanotum with a medial longitudinal furrow. Propodeum with short horizontal portion (about half the length of metanotum), the posterior surface concave. Female clypeus largely, apical bands of T1–2 orange. China (Sichuan), Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Tsushima, Goto, Osumi).......................................... P. ornatum (Smith)
- Scutellum and metanotum without a medial longitudinal furrow. Propodeum with very short horizontal portion (less than half the length of metanotum), the posterior surface flattened. Body marking yellow. China (Guangdong, Sichuan)............................................................................................... P. sinense (Schulthess)
7. Female clypeus with the apical margin lamellate. Upper half of the anterior vertical face of T 1 I with a medial longitudinal carina. Body markings yellow. Japan (South Ryukyus).................................. P. ishigakiense (Yasumatsu)
- Female clypeus with the apical margin not lamellate. Upper half of the anterior vertical face of T1 without a medial longitudi- nal carina............................................................................................8
8. Female clypeus wider than long. Sri Lanka ......................................... P. unifasciatum Gusenleitner
- Female clypeus longer than wide..........................................................................9
9. Female clypeus with flattened part well defined, with sparse fine punctures. Propodeum with superior carinae apically forming a pair of relatively sharp teeth behind metanotum. Black, vertical face of T1 largely, lateral and apical of T2 yellow or orange. Japan (Ryukyus: Amami-Oshima)............................................... .. P. tsunekii Tano & Sk. Yamane
- Female clypeus without flattened part, with coarse and dense punctures. Propodeum with superior carinae apically forming a pair of relatively sharp teeth behind metanotum. Vertical face of T1 black, other part of T1 and T2–4 orange. Russia (Primorskiy Terr.), China (Guangdong), Korea .............................................. P. paradoxum (Gussakovskij)
10. Gena narrower than eye. Propodeum with horizonal area as long as the length of metanotum, dorsal lateral areas each with impunctate area in the middle, posterior surface shiny, with oblique striations, propodeal carina not curve. Female clypeus black with yellow spots at basal and apical lateral margins..................................... P. striatum sp. nov.
- Gena as wide as eye. Propodeum with horizontal area shorter than the length of metanotum, dorsal lateral areas with coarse and dense punctures, posterior surface dull, without striations, propodeal carina curve. Female clypeus entirely black........................................................................................... P. concavum sp. nov.
description: Published as part of Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, 2015, Two new species of the genus Pararrhynchium de Saussure (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from northern Vietnam, pp. 170-176 in Zootaxa 3974 (2) on pages 175-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/237353