cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Envelope Expansion with Core Collapse II. Quasi-Spherical Self-Similar Solutions for an Isothermal Magnetofluid
Creators: name: Yu, Cong
name: Lou, Yu-Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate self-similar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) processes in an isothermal self-gravitating fluid with a quasi-spherical symmetry and extend the envelope expansion with core collapse (EECC) solutions of Lou & Shen by incorporating a random magnetic field. Stagnation surfaces of EECC solutions that seperate core collapse and envelope expansion propagate at constant speeds either sub-magnetosonically or super-magnetosonically. Crossing the magnetosonic line twice analytically, there exists an infinite number of discrete magnetized EECC and ECCC solutions. In addition to the EECC shock solution which could change the central accretion rate, the magnetic field can also affect the core accretion rate. As the magnetic parameter $λ$ increases, the core accretion rate appropriate for the MHD EWCS becomes larger. Under the frozen-in approximation, magnetic fields in the envelope expansion portion would scale as $B\propto r^{-1}$, while in the core collapse portion they would scale as $B\propto r^{-1/2}$. We discuss several astrophysical applications of EECC similarity solutions to the formation process of proto-planetary nebulae connecting the AGB phase and the planetary nebula, to supernova remnants, collapse of magnetized molecular cloud, to $\textrm{H}\ {\textrm{\small{II}}}$ clouds surrounding massive OB stars and to a certain evolution phase of galaxy clusters.
description: 19 pages, 18 figures. accepted for publication in MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Transmission characteristics of heterozygous cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with variable abnormal prion protein allotypes
Creators: name: Ward, Anne
name: Hollister, Jason R.
name: McNally, Kristin
name: Ritchie, Diane L.
name: Zanusso, Gianluigi
name: Priola, Suzette A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Histopathological and neuropathological characteristics of tg66 and tgRM mice inoculated with either MM1 sCJD or MV heterozygous cases ofsCJD and iCJD with variable PrPSc allotypes.
On the role of electron correlation and disorder on persistent currents in isolated one-dimensional rings
Creators: name: Maiti, Santanu K.
name: Chowdhury, J.
name: Karmakar, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To understand the role of electron correlation and disorder on persistent currents in isolated 1D rings threaded by magnetic flux $ϕ$, we study the behavior of persistent currents in aperiodic and ordered binary alloy rings. These systems may be regarded as disordered systems with well-defined long-range order so that we do not have to perform any configuration averaging of the physical quantities. We see that in the absence of interaction, disorder suppresses persistent currents by orders of magnitude and also removes its discontinuity as a function of $ϕ$. As we introduce electron correlation, we get enhancement of the currents in certain disordered rings. Quite interestingly we observe that in some cases, electron correlation produces kink-like structures in the persistent current as a function of $ϕ$. This may be considered as anomalous Aharonov-Bohm oscillations of the persistent current and recent experimental observations support such oscillations. We find that the persistent current converges with the size of the rings.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures
Additional file 3 of Pharmacy students’ perspectives on the initial implementation of a teaching electronic medical record: results from a mixed-methods assessment
Creators: name: Vlashyn, Olga O.
name: Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde
name: Plake, Kimberly S. Illingworth
name: Woodyard, Jamie L.
name: Weber, Zachary A.
name: Russ-Jara, Alissa L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 3. Student Focus Group Themes and Select Student Quotations and Examples.
A Life Case of Hardwick, Vermont - Approach to Improve Long Term Sustainability for Small and Medium-Sized Farms and Rural Communities
Creators: name: Liang, Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen)
name: Liang, Chyi-Lyi (Kathleen)
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: multifunctional farm operation
subject: food system
subject: local food
subject: Hardwick Vermont

description: This paper presents a success story of a rural community adopting multifunctional farm operation to achieve long term sustainability and profitability.
Considering Macroeconomic Indicators in the Food versus Fuel Issues
Creators: name: Qiu, Cheng
name: Colson, Gregory
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
name: Qiu, Cheng
name: Colson, Gregory
name: Wetzstein, Michael E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Food
subject: fuel

description: In this study, a Structural Vector Autoregression model (SVAR) is employed to decompose how supply/demand structural shocks affect food and fuel prices within fuel and corn markets. Results indicate that the relative importance of each structural shock in explaining the variation of corn prices is different. Our findings support the hypothesis that corn prices increase as a response to those positive demand shocks in the short run, while in the long run, global competitive agricultural commodities markets as well as positive supply shocks respond to commodity price shocks, restoring prices to its long-run trends. In conclusion, fundamental market forces of demand and supply as well as real economic aggregated demand shocks were the main contributors of the 2007-2008 food price spike.
Biophysical and Economic Uncertainty in the Analysis of Poverty Impacts of Climate Change
Creators: name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Lobell, David
name: Verma, Monika
name: Hertel, Thomas W.
name: Lobell, David
name: Verma, Monika
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Climate Change Uncertainty

description: This paper seeks to understand the main sources of uncertainty in assessing the impacts of climate change on agricultural output, international trade, and poverty. We incorporate biophysical uncertainty by sampling from a distribution of productivity shocks reflecting the impacts of climate on agricultural yields in 2030. These shocks, in turn, affect the global economy. The response of economic agents to climate change is the second source of uncertainty in our estimates. We find that, even though it is difficult to predict where in the world agricultural crops will be favorably affected by climate change, we find that the responses of output and exports can be far more robust. This is due to the fact that supply and demand decisions depend on relative prices, and relative prices depend on productivity changes relative to other crops in a given region, or relative to similar crops in other parts of the world. We also find that uncertainty in poverty impacts of climate change appears to be almost entirely driven by biophysical uncertainty. Further reducing this uncertainty will require improving climate models and the crop models used to interpret the impacts of likely future climate on crop productivity.
The high energy window of probing dark matter with cosmic-ray antideuterium and antihelium
Creators: name: Ding, Yu-Chen
name: Li, Nan
name: Wei, Chun-Cheng
name: Zhou, Yu-Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic-ray (CR) anti-nuclei are often considered as important observables for dark matter (DM) indirect detections at low kinetic energies below GeV per nucleon. Since the primary CR fluxes drop quickly towards high energies, the secondary anti-nuclei in CR are expected to be significantly suppressed in high energy regions ($\gtrsim 100$ GeV per nucleon). If DM particles are heavy, the annihilation productions of DM can be highly boosted, thus the fluxes of anti-nuclei produced by DM annihilations may exceed the secondary background at high energies, which opens a high energy window for DM indirect detections. We investigate the possibility of detecting heavy DM particles which annihilate into high energy anti-nuclei. We use Monte-Carlo generators $\texttt{PYTHIA}$, $\texttt{EPOS-LHC}$ and $\texttt{DPMJET}$ and the coalescence model to simulate the production of anti-nuclei, and constrain the DM annihilation cross sections by using the AMS-02 and HAWC antiproton data and the HESS galactic center gamma-ray data. We find that the conclusion depends on the choice of DM density profiles. For the "Cored" type profile with a DM particle mass $\gtrsim 10$ TeV, the contributions from DM annihilations can exceed the secondary background in high energy regions, which opens the high energy window. While for the "Cuspy" type profile, the excess disappears.
description: 22 pages, 12 figures; to appear on Chin. Phys. C
Additional file 1 of Pharmacy students’ perspectives on the initial implementation of a teaching electronic medical record: results from a mixed-methods assessment
Creators: name: Vlashyn, Olga O.
name: Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde
name: Plake, Kimberly S. Illingworth
name: Woodyard, Jamie L.
name: Weber, Zachary A.
name: Russ-Jara, Alissa L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 1. tEMR Student Survey.
Current Trends in Digital Twin Development, Maintenance, and Operation: An Interview Study
Creators: name: Muctadir, Hossain Muhammad
name: Negrin, David A. Manrique
name: Gunasekaran, Raghavendran
name: Cleophas, Loek
name: Brand, Mark van den
name: Haverkort, Boudewijn R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Digital twins (DT) are often defined as a pairing of a physical entity and a corresponding virtual entity (VE), mimicking certain aspects of the former depending on the use-case. In recent years, this concept has facilitated numerous use-cases ranging from design to validation and predictive maintenance of large and small high-tech systems. Various heterogeneous cross-domain models are essential for such systems and model-driven engineering plays a pivotal role in the design, development, and maintenance of these models. We believe models and model-driven engineering play a similarly crucial role in the context of a VE of a DT. Due to the rapidly growing popularity of DTs and their use in diverse domains and use-cases, the methodologies, tools, and practices for designing, developing, and maintaining the corresponding VEs differ vastly. To better understand these differences and similarities, we performed a semi-structured interview research with 19 professionals from industry and academia who are closely associated with different lifecycle stages of digital twins. In this paper, we present our analysis and findings from this study, which is based on seven research questions. In general, we identified an overall lack of uniformity in terms of the understanding of digital twins and used tools, techniques, and methodologies for the development and maintenance of the corresponding VEs. Furthermore, considering that digital twins are software intensive systems, we recognize a significant growth potential for adopting more software engineering practices, processes, and expertise in various stages of a digital twin's lifecycle.
A plot of one's own: gender relations and irrigated land allocation policies in Burkina Faso
Creators: name: Zwarteveen, Margreet Z.
name: Zwarteveen, Margreet Z.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Political Economy
subject: Productivity Analysis
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Women in development
subject: Gender
subject: Land use
subject: Land management
subject: Policy
subject: Female labor
subject: Households
subject: Irrigated farming
subject: Social impact
subject: West Africa
subject: Burkina Faso
subject: Dakiri

description: Discusses the potential opportunities and pitfalls of introducing market forces into the process of water allocation. Proposes several preconditions for beneficial privatization of water allocation and argues for a more sophisticated form of analysis than that generally allowed by proponents of basic needs or of free market approaches.
Additional file 2 of Pharmacy students’ perspectives on the initial implementation of a teaching electronic medical record: results from a mixed-methods assessment
Creators: name: Vlashyn, Olga O.
name: Omolola A. Adeoye-Olatunde
name: Plake, Kimberly S. Illingworth
name: Woodyard, Jamie L.
name: Weber, Zachary A.
name: Russ-Jara, Alissa L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. Student Focus Group Guide.
Notes on the mathematical basis of the UK Non-Native Organism Risk Assessment Scheme
Creators: name: Hughes, Gareth
name: Hughes, Gareth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Two papers published in peer-reviewed journals (Holt, 2006; Holt et al., 2006) describe the mathematical basis of the UK Non-Native Organism Risk Assessment Scheme2. The current risk assessment methodology (specifically including the proposed scoring system and the categorization of responses) has also been peer reviewed in a report by RPS Group Ltd, available on the website of the GB Non-Native Species Secretariat3. In the notes that follow, some previously unreported problems with the mathematical analysis on which the Scheme is based are outlined
Measuring Oligopsony Power of UK Salmon Retailers
Creators: name: Fofana, Abdulai
name: Jaffry, Shabbar
name: Fofana, Abdulai
name: Jaffry, Shabbar
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Salmon
subject: market power
subject: error correction model
subject: translog profit function

description: A significant increase of concentration in the UK salmon retail subsector has heightened concerns about retail firms’ ability to exercise market power in the purchase of supplies (oligopsony power). To assess the extent to which retail firms have exercised oligopsony power, we develop a dynamic error correction translog profit function to model the behaviour of retailers in the input market for smoke, fillet and whole salmon. Initial estimates indicated violations of monotonicity and convexity conditions as implied by economic theory. In order to ameliorate the problem, a Bayesian technique was used to impose inequality restrictions to correct the anomaly. The final estimated indices of market power in the models were low and statistically significant but sufficiently closer to the perfect competition benchmark to indicate that retailers as a whole behaved competitively during much of the period covered by this study.
Even-Odd Oscillation in Conductance of Single-Row Sodium Nanowire
Creators: name: Egami, Y.
name: Ono, T.
name: Hirose, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles calculation of the electronic conduction properties of single-row sodium nanowires suspended between semi-infinite electrodes. The conductance of the nanowire is ~1 G0 (=2e^2/h) and oscillates with a two-atom period as the number of the atoms within the nanowire varies. Moreover, we observed bunches of high electron density with a two atom-lengths in the channel density distribution. The relation between the period of the conductance oscillation and the length of bunches are examined by using simplified models and is found to be largely affected by the characteristics of the infinite wire.
description: 4 pages, 6 figures
A diffusion model for the adoption of agricultural innovations in structured adopting populations
Creators: name: McRoberts, Neil
name: Franke, A.C.
name: McRoberts, Neil
name: Franke, A.C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: Bass curve
subject: adoption
subject: innovation

description: We introduce a new model for examining the dynamics of uptake of technological innovations in agricultural systems, using the adoption of zero-till wheat in the rice-wheat system in Haryana state, India, as a case study. A new equation is derived which describes the dynamics of adoption over time and takes into account the effect of aggregation (e.g. on a spatial and/or cultural basis) in the adopting population on the rate of adoption. The model extends previous phenomenological models by removing the assumption of homogeneity in the non-adopting fraction of the population. We show how factors affecting the per capita rate of adoption can be captured using cognitive mapping and simulate the dynamics of the adoption process.
Additional file 1 of Modulation of gut microbiota through nutritional interventions in Behçet’s syndrome patients (the MAMBA study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Pagliai, Giuditta
name: Dinu, Monica
name: Fiorillo, Claudia
name: Becatti, Matteo
name: Turroni, Silvia
name: Emmi, Giacomo
name: Sofi, Francesco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents.
Additional file 2 of Modulation of gut microbiota through nutritional interventions in Behçet’s syndrome patients (the MAMBA study): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Pagliai, Giuditta
name: Dinu, Monica
name: Fiorillo, Claudia
name: Becatti, Matteo
name: Turroni, Silvia
name: Emmi, Giacomo
name: Sofi, Francesco
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2.
INVESTIGATING USER PREFERENCES FOR SERVICES IN RURAL AREAS OF SCOTLAND: A TERRITORIAL APPROACH
Creators: name: Hall, Clare
name: Moran, Dominic
name: McVittie, Alistair
name: Hall, Clare
name: Moran, Dominic
name: McVittie, Alistair
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Services
subject: participatory methods
subject: Scotland
subject: user preferences
subject: territorial rural policies

description: Territorialisation of rural policies requires moving from a sectoral approach to service provision, and policies that focus exclusively on health and education, for example, to an understanding of overall service provision and quality, differentiated by rural area definition, not primarily by sector. An investigation of the expectations of stakeholders in rural Scotland, relating to availability, quality and accessibility of services, revealed that preferences were often different within different areas. The results input to the debate about the need to territorialise rural policy, and provide information for allocation decisions relating to resources aimed at creating sustainable rural communities in Scotland.
Cereal Prices, Bread Consumption and Health in Scotland
Creators: name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
name: Revoredo-Giha, Cesar
name: Lamprinopoulou-Kranis, Chrysa
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Leat, Philip M.K.
name: Cacciolatti, Luca
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Bread consumption models
subject: Scotland
subject: Food prices

description: The recent rise in food prices has increased concern about the choice of a healthy food basket, especially in the context of the current formulation of a National Food Policy for Scotland. This concern has revived interest in food price and expenditure demand systems as they provide information about consumers’ food decisions. The paper focuses on the consumption of brown and white bread, as they are the most typical forms of cereals use in the UK. Moreover, nutritionists recommend the consumption of wholemeal or brown bread in contraposition to white bread as part of an appropriate diet due to its health benefits. The overall purpose of the paper is to measure the impact that the increase in the price of cereals during the period 2005 to 2008 would have had on the purchase of brown and white bread. This is undertaken in two stages: the first measures the effect of changes in milling wheat prices on brown and white bread prices, and the second measures the elasticities of the purchases of brown and white bread with respect to changes in their prices through the estimation of four demand systems. The results, excluding those from the static LA/AIDS that seem to high, indicate, ceteris paribus, that the increase by 72 per cent in the price of wheat produced a decrease in brown and white bread purchases in the range of 30 to 40 per cent; however, as regards the question what type of bread decreased more, the answer depends on the demand model used.
Trade-offs between conflicting animal welfare concerns and cow replacement strategy in out-wintering Scottish suckler herds
Creators: name: Vosough Ahmadi, Bouda
name: Morgan, Colin A.
name: Stott, Alistair W.
name: Vosough Ahmadi, Bouda
name: Morgan, Colin A.
name: Stott, Alistair W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Since decoupling of the CAP, many Scottish suckler cow farms are facing financial difficulties. In response, many farmers are out-wintering extensively managed suckler cows to minimise production costs. These systems are of animal welfare concern. A range of trade-offs between animal welfare indicators and between animal welfare and farm profitability can be identified. A Dynamic Programming (DP) model was developed to study these trade-offs. Two herds were modelled assuming their feeding regimes were either low (LHERD) or high (HHERD). The objective of the DP was to maximise the expected net margin from a current cow and its successors over an infinite time horizon. Preliminary results showed that the rate of voluntary culling was higher in HHERD than in LHERD. Animals in HHERD had shorter life expectancy. The expected net present value was 58% lower in LHERD than HHERD (-£41.5 and -£24.3 respectively). These results suggest a heavier culling rate and shorter longevity for animals in HHERD that compromises animal welfare. Also HHERD had a greater implied stocking density than LHERD. This increase of the cows’ population may adversely affect the environment. The presented model provides some of the basic information required to explore some of the trade-offs between farm profit, animal welfare and the environment.
An annihilating--branching particle model for the heat equation with average temperature zero
Creators: name: Burdzy, Krzysztof
name: Quastel, Jeremy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60F17, 60K35 (Primary)

description: We consider two species of particles performing random walks in a domain in $\mathbb{R}^d$ with reflecting boundary conditions, which annihilate on contact. In addition, there is a conservation law so that the total number of particles of each type is preserved: When the two particles of different species annihilate each other, particles of each species, chosen at random, give birth. We assume initially equal numbers of each species and show that the system has a diffusive scaling limit in which the densities of the two species are well approximated by the positive and negative parts of the solution of the heat equation normalized to have constant $L^1$ norm. In particular, the higher Neumann eigenfunctions appear as asymptotically stable states at the diffusive time scale.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000511 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Macdonald-level extension of beta ensembles and large-N limit transition
Creators: name: Olshanski, Grigori
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce and study a family of $(q,t)$-deformed discrete $N$-particle beta ensembles, where $q$ and $t$ are the parameters of Macdonald polynomials. The main result is the existence of a large-$N$ limit transition leading to random point processes with infinitely many particles.
description: v2: minor revision in accordance with the reviewer suggestions; section 7 extended; accepted in Commun. Math. Phys. v3: a number of typos fixed; uncited references removed
EVALUATING EXTENSIVE SHEEP FARMING SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Stott, Alistair W.
name: Vosough Ahmadi, Bouda
name: Morgan-Davies, Claire
name: Dwyer, Cathy M.
name: Goddard, Pete
name: Phillips, Kate
name: Milne, Catherine E.
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Ringrose, Sian
name: Waterhouse, Tony
name: Stott, Alistair W.
name: Vosough Ahmadi, Bouda
name: Morgan-Davies, Claire
name: Dwyer, Cathy M.
name: Goddard, Pete
name: Phillips, Kate
name: Milne, Catherine E.
name: Kupiec-Teahan, Beata
name: Ringrose, Sian
name: Waterhouse, Tony
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Data from each of 5 commercial, extensive sheep farms in Cumbria, UK were used as parameters in a linear program (LP) representing labour and grazing management in such farming systems. The LP maximised ewe enterprise gross margin subject to constraints dictated by the labour availability and land types on each farm. Under the assumptions used, labour availability and price restricted ewe numbers well below those observed in practice on 2 farms i.e. land resources were adequate for the farming system practiced. On two other farms stocking levels and hence returns were limited by the availability of forage and hence feed input prices relative to output. On one farm, greater grassland productivity was the key determinant of system performance. It was concluded that a holistic systems approach was needed to properly evaluate these farming systems in terms of their potential contribution to animal welfare, land use, profit and hence their sustainability
Entanglement as upper bounded for the nonlocality of a general two-qubit system
Creators: name: Su, Zhaofeng
name: Tan, Haisheng
name: Li, Xiangyang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlocality and entanglement are not only the fundamental characteristics of quantum mechanics but also important resources for quantum information and computation applications. Exploiting the quantitative relationship between the two different resources is of both theoretical and practical significance. The common choice for quantifying the nonlocality of a two-qubit state is the maximal violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality. That for entanglement is entanglement of formation, which is a function of the concurrence. In this paper, we systematically investigate the quantitative relationship between the entanglement and nonlocality of a general two-qubit system. We rederive a known upper bound on the nonlocality of a general two-qubit state, which depends on the state's entanglement. We investigate the condition that the nonlocality of two different two-qubit states can be optimally stimulated by the same nonlocality test setting and find the class of two-qubit state pairs that have this property. Finally, we obtain the necessary and sufficient condition that the upper bound can be reached.
description: 23 pages
ANIMAL WELFARE AND ECONOMIC OPTIMISATION OF FARROWING SYSTEMS
Creators: name: Vosough Ahmadi, Bouda
name: Baxter, Emma M.
name: Stott, Alistair W.
name: Lawrence, Alistair
name: Edwards, Sandra
name: Vosough Ahmadi, Bouda
name: Baxter, Emma M.
name: Stott, Alistair W.
name: Lawrence, Alistair
name: Edwards, Sandra
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2009
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries

description: Currently, farrowing crates dominate indoor pig farrowing in the UK (~ 60% of herds). Such systems raise welfare problems due to close confinement of the sow. Although, many alternative housing systems have been developed in different countries, no commercially viable/feasible option has emerged for large-scale units. We have reviewed current scientific and practical knowledge of farrowing systems to identify alternative systems, their welfare and production potential. Our aim is to establish acceptable trade-offs between profit and welfare within alternative farrowing systems using linear programming, hence designing high welfare but commercially viable alternatives to the farrowing crate. System-specific results of interactions between welfare components and financial performances have been analysed and presented in this paper.
description: 5
Meanings and interpretations attributed to alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence by medical and surgical nurses : an interpretive descriptive study
Creators: name: Perry, Heather Ann
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: The purpose of this study was to explore the meanings and interpretations attributed to alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence as described by medical and surgical nurses practicing in an acute care facility. The study was undertaken to understand more about alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence, as these often remains unrecognized, undiagnosed, and untreated by health care professionals. Nine nurses were interviewed to gain an understanding of their perspectives and to develop insight into their experiences nursing patients using alcohol at risk levels. An interpretive descriptive qualitative approach was used for data analysis, and five major themes and twelve sub-themes emerged from the findings of the study. The themes and sub-themes were representative of the nurses' experiences of screening and assessing patients for at-risk alcohol use, and of the nurses' experiences of caring for patients who were alcoholdependent. As part of the discussion of the study findings, a 'story' was created to represent a nurse-patient relationship such as typically occurs during a hospitalization experience. The major themes and sub-themes were discussed in the context of the various sections or stages in this 'story'; they were considered in relation to: the necessity and importance of establishing a nurse-patient relationship; the lack of consensus regarding theoretical perspectives of alcohol dependence; the occurrence of unanticipated alcohol withdrawal and subsequent safety issues for the patient and nurse; and patient teaching initiatives regarding at-risk alcohol use. The study findings offer insight into the practice setting and the challenges that nurses may experience when nursing patients using alcohol at risk levels. These findings have implications for nursing practice, administration, nursing education, and research, to support medical and surgical nurses in meeting the complex health care needs of patients using alcohol at risk levels.
Adversarial Training for Commonsense Inference
Creators: name: Pereira, Lis
name: Liu, Xiaodong
name: Cheng, Fei
name: Asahara, Masayuki
name: Kobayashi, Ichiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose an AdversariaL training algorithm for commonsense InferenCE (ALICE). We apply small perturbations to word embeddings and minimize the resultant adversarial risk to regularize the model. We exploit a novel combination of two different approaches to estimate these perturbations: 1) using the true label and 2) using the model prediction. Without relying on any human-crafted features, knowledge bases, or additional datasets other than the target datasets, our model boosts the fine-tuning performance of RoBERTa, achieving competitive results on multiple reading comprehension datasets that require commonsense inference.
description: 6 pages, Accepted to ACL2020 RepL4NLP workshop
Estimating gas concentrations from diesel engine exhausts
Creators: name: Javed, Unab
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2021

description: Diesel vehicles comprise a significant minority of the the vehicles in use today and contribute to a majority of the miles driven. With increasing focus on the environmental and health related risks of auto exhausts, regulations have been introduced to curtail emissions. Reliable sensors are crucial for monitoring compliance with regulations and optimizing performance of after-treatment systems. We show here work to develop computational models that can estimate exhaust gas concentrations emitted from diesel engines. We first introduce the problem in detail and briefly go over the experimental setup and sensor design, done by our collaborators at Los Alamos National Laboratory. We then look at a model based on the electrochemistry of gas-sensor interactions. This model is used to predict concentrations of gases in unknown two- and three-gas mixtures. We look at the performance of this model in predicting relative and absolute gas concentrations. The robustness of the model to reduction in sensor number and training data size is also analyzed. Next, we adapt a more flexible, machine learning model which is used to classify and quantify the gases in one- to four-gas mixtures. We look at the hyperparameters of this model to analyze the relative importance of each sensor and check how well the model performs on reduced sensor data. We also examine various modifications of this model and a compare results.
Scalable spin-glass optical simulator
Creators: name: Pierangeli, Davide
name: Rafayelyan, Mushegh
name: Conti, Claudio
name: Gigan, Sylvain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many developments in science and engineering depend on tackling complex optimizations on large scales. The challenge motivates intense search for specific computing hardware that takes advantage from quantum features, nonlinear dynamics, or photonics. A paradigmatic optimization problem is finding low-energy states in classical spin systems with fully-random interactions. To date no alternative computing platform can address such spin-glass problems on a large scale. Here we propose and realize an optical scalable spin-glass simulator based on spatial light modulation and multiple light scattering. By tailoring optical transmission through a disordered medium, we optically accelerate the computation of the ground state of large spin networks with all-to-all random couplings. Scaling of the operation time with the problem size demonstrates optical advantage over conventional computing. Our results point out optical vector-matrix multiplication as a tool for spin-glass problems and provide a general route towards large-scale computing that exploits speed, parallelism and coherence of light.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
The distribution of Quiet Sun magnetic field strengths from 0 to 1800 G
Creators: name: Cerdena, I. Dominguez
name: Almeida, J. Sanchez
name: Kneer, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quiet Sun photospheric plasma has a variety of magnetic field strengths going from zero to 1800 G. The empirical characterization of these field strengths requires a probability density function (PDF), i.e., a function P(B) describing the fraction of quiet Sun occupied by each field strength B. We show how to combine magnetic field strength measurements based on the Zeeman effect and the Hanle effect to estimate an unbiased P(B). The application of the method to real observations renders a set of possible PDFs, which outline the general characteristics of the quiet Sun magnetic fields. Their most probable field strength differs from zero. The magnetic energy density is a significant fraction of the kinetic energy of the granular motions at the base of the photosphere (larger than 15% or larger than 2 10^{3} erg cm^{-3}). The unsigned flux density (or mean magnetic field strength) has to be between 130 G and 190 G. A significant part of the unsigned flux (between 10% and 50%) and of the magnetic energy (between 45% and 85%) are provided by the field strengths larger than 500 G which, however, occupy only a small fraction of the surface (between 1% and 10%). The fraction of kG fields in the quiet Sun is even smaller, but they are important for a number of reasons. The kG fields still trace a significant fraction of the total magnetic energy, they reach the high photosphere, and they appear in unpolarized light images. The quiet Sun photosphere has far more unsigned magnetic flux and magnetic energy than the active regions and the network all together.
description: To appear in ApJ. 14 pages, 9 figures
Food Recalls and Food Safety Perceptions: The September 2006 Spinach Recall Case
Creators: name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Hallman, William K.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Condry, Sarah C.
name: Cuite, Cara L.
name: Onyango, Benjamin M.
name: Miljkovic, Dragan
name: Hallman, William K.
name: Nganje, William E.
name: Condry, Sarah C.
name: Cuite, Cara L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: food recalls
subject: food safety
subject: public perceptions
subject: spinach

description: This study analyzes public perceptions of food safety using a national survey conducted in November 2006, soon after the September 2006 nationwide spinach recall. We explore relationships between peoples’ perceived risks of food contamination (spinach in this case) and their trust in the institutions in charge of safeguarding/ensuring safety. Finally, we examine relationships between individual observance of basic good food handling practices and food safety. Trust in institutions through which food passes and regulatory agencies were shown to be critical in determining food safety perceptions. For example, confidence in the USDA as a regulatory agent was viewed positively, and hence contributed toward viewing the four types of spinach as safe for consumption. Conversely, skepticism with which the public views food corporations (processors, transporters, or retailers) impacted food safety perceptions negatively.
title: Organizational interventions to prevent and control workplace violence: a scoping review
Creators: name: Biron, Caroline
name: Stefan, Theo
name: Mahee Gilbert-Ouimet
name: Truchon, Manon
name: Mariève Pelletier
name: LeBlanc, Annie
name: Matteau, Leonie
name: Thibeault, Jérome
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Other Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
subject: Mental and Social Health
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Health at work
subject: Organizational interventions
subject: Scoping review
subject: Workers
subject: Workplace violence

description: This scoping review will examine the organizational interventions implemented to prevent and control workplace violence.
Structural Phase Transitions and Sodium Ordering in Na0.5CoO2: a Combined Electron Diffraction and Raman Spectroscopy Study
Creators: name: Yang, H. X.
name: Nie, C. J.
name: Shi, Y. G.
name: Yu, H. C.
name: Ding, S.
name: Liu, Y. L.
name: Wu, D.
name: Wang, N. L.
name: Li, J. Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nonstoichiometric NaxCoO2 system exhibits extraordinary physical properties that correlate with temperature and Na concentration in its layered lattice without evident long-range structure modification when conventional crystallographic techniques are applied. For instance, Na0.7CoO2, a thermodynamically stable phase, shows large thermoelectric power; water-intercalated Na0.33CoO2.1.3H2O is a newly discovered superconductor with Tc ~ 4K, and Na0.5CoO2 exhibits an unexpected charge ordering transition at around Tco ~ 55 K. Recent studies suggest that the transport and magnetic properties in the NaxCoO2 system strongly depend on the charge carrier density and local structural properties. Here we report a combined variable temperature transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering investigation on structural transformations in Na0.5CoO2 single crystals. A series of structural phase transitions in the temperature range from 80 K to 1000 K are directly identified and the observed superstructures and modulated phases can be interpreted by Na-ordering. The Raman scattering measurements reveal phase separation and a systematic evolution of active modes along with phase transitions. Our work demonstrates that the high mobility and ordering of sodium cations among the CoO2 layers are a key factor for the presence of complex structural properties in NaxCoO2 materials, and also demonstrate that the combination of electron diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements is an efficient way for studying the cation ordering and phase transitions in related systems.
description: 22 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 2 of Validation of the Arabic version of the breastfeeding behavior questionnaire among Lebanese women
Creators: name: Charafeddine, Lama
name: Saadieh Masri
name: Shamsedine, Lama
name: Ghandour, Lilian
name: Tamim, Hani
name: Khoury, Nathalie El
name: Zahraa Hachem
name: Nabulsi, Mona
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. Arabic BBQ.
Coelophora decemguttata Weise
Creators: name: POORANI, J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Coccinellidae
Coelophora
Coelophora decemguttata

description: Coelophora decemguttata Weise
(Fig. 68)
Coelophora decemguttata Weise, 1912: 114 (Type locality: Sikkim).— Mader 1926 (1934): 326, 327; Korschefsky 1932: 291; Poorani 2002a: 328.
Phrynocaria decemguttata: Iablokoff-Khnzorian 1982: 276; Kovář 2007: 623.
Brief redescription. Length: 5.80–6.30 mm; Form broad, almost circular in outline (Fig. 68a); dorsum glabrous except head with silvery white hairs. Head yellow, pronotum yellow with a median black macula reaching beyond middle (Fig. 68c), scutellar shield with basal margin only yellow, rest black; each elytron with 5 spots arranged in a 2-2-1 pattern (Fig. 68a), outer spots open laterally and confluent with the yellowish lateral margins which are distinctly explanate (Fig. 68b); lateral margins of pronotum and elytra narrowly black. Ventral side with last antennomere and mandibular apices brown, prosternal arms medially infuscate, metaventrite black, legs yellowish brown except forefemora basally brownish, first three abdominal ventrites medially dark brown, ventrite 4 anteriorly infuscate, last ventrite emarginate medially.
Head with interocular distance less than twice eye width. Pronotum with anterolateral corners distinctly sinuate near apex. Head and pronotum finely and densely punctate, interspaces with distinctly reticulate microsculpture; pronotal punctures denser towards posterior margin; elytra uniformly densely punctate, punctures slightly larger, slightly farther apart than those on pronotum, interspaces with distinct microsculpture that becomes more obsolete towards lateral margins, punctures more broadly separated on lateral sides. Hypomera with anterior inner corners having distinct foveae. Epipleura distinctly foveolate on level with mid and hind legs. Mesoventrite medially emarginate. Abdominal postcoxal line incomplete, without an associated line (Fig. 68d). Male genitalia (Fig. 68f–i) and spermatheca (Fig. 68e) as illustrated.
Distribution. India (Sikkim; West Bengal (Darjeeling)). It is rarely collected and apparently endemic to the Eastern Himalayas.
Notes. It is a poorly known species apparently endemic to the Eastern Himalayas. Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982) described this species and illustrated the habitus and male genitalia. Kovář (2007) included it under Phrynocaria, but it is placed in Coelophora here due to the presence of tibial spurs and the male genitalia, particularly the penis having a basal sclerite and a hinged, smaller, apical piece. Mader (1934) also treated it and illustrated the habitus.
description: Published as part of POORANI, J., 2023, An illustrated guide to lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of the Indian Subcontinent. Part 1. Tribe Coccinellini, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 5332 (1) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5332.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/8261502