cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effects of boundaries and density inhomogeneity on states of vortex matter in Bose--Einstein condensates at finite temperature
Creators: name: Kragset, S.
name: Babaev, E.
name: Sudbo, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Most of the literature on quantum vortices predicting various states of vortex matter in three dimensions at finite temperatures in quantum fluids is based on an assumption of an extended and homogeneous system. It is well known not to be the case in actual Bose--Einstein condensates in traps which are finite systems with nonuniform density. This raises the question to what extent one can speak of different aggregate states of vortex matter (vortex lattices, liquids and tensionless vortex tangle) in these system. To address this point, in the present work we focus on the finite-size, boundaries and density inhomogeneity effects on thermal vortex matter in a Bose--Einstein condensate. To this end we perform Monte Carlo simulations on a model system describing trapped Bose--Einstein condensates. Throughout the paper, we draw on analogies with results for vortex matter obtained for extended systems. This work suggests that finiteness and intrinsic inhomogeneity of the system not withstanding, one nonetheless can approximately invoke the notion of distinct aggregate states of vortex matter realized at certain length scales. This might be helpful, in particular in search of possible new states of vortex matter in Bose--Einstein condensates with multiple components and different symmetries.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to Physical Review A. High resolution pictures will be available in published version
Far-Infrared Line Diagnostics: Improving N/O Abundance Estimates for Dusty Galaxies
Creators: name: Peng, Bo
name: Lamarche, Cody
name: Stacey, Gordon
name: Nikola, Thomas
name: Vishwas, Amit
name: Ferkinhoff, Carl
name: Rooney, Christopher
name: Ball, Catherine
name: Brisbin, Drew
name: Higdon, James
name: Higdon, Sarah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Nitrogen-to-Oxygen (N/O) abundance ratio is an important diagnostic of galaxy evolution since the ratio is closely tied to the growth of metallicity and the star formation history in galaxies. Estimates for the N/O ratio are traditionally accomplished with optical lines that could suffer from extinction and excitation effects, so the N/O ratio is arguably measured better through far-infrared (far-IR) fine-structure lines. Here we show that the [N III]57$μ$m/[O III]52$μ$m line ratio, denoted $N3O3$, is a physically robust probe of N/O. This parameter is insensitive to gas temperature and only weakly dependent on electron density. Though it has a dependence on the hardness of the ionizing radiation field, we show that it is well corrected by including the [Ne III]15.5$μ$m/[Ne II]12.8$μ$m line ratio. We verify the method, and characterize its intrinsic uncertainties by comparing the results to photoionization models. We then apply our method to a sample of nearby galaxies using new observations obtained with SOFIA/FIFI-LS in combination with available Herschel/PACS data, and the results are compared with optical N/O estimates. We find evidence for a systematic offset between the far-IR and optically derived N/O ratio. We argue this is likely due to that our far-IR method is biased towards younger and denser H II regions, while the optical methods are biased towards older H II regions as well as diffuse ionized gas. This work provides a local template for studies of ISM abundance in the early Universe.
description: 23 pages, 14 figures. Accepted by ApJ
Tau Physics from B Factories
Creators: name: Lafferty, G. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent $τ$-physics results are presented from the BaBar and Belle experiments at the SLAC and KEK B factories, which produce copious numbers of $τ$-lepton pairs. Measurements of the tau mass and lifetime allow to test lepton universality and CPT invariance, while searches for lepton-flavour violation in tau decays are powerful ways to look for physics beyond the Standard Model. In semihadronic, non-strange tau decays, the vector hadronic final state is particularly important in helping determine the hadronic corrections to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, while studies of strange final states are the best available ways to measure the CKM matrix element $V_{\rm us}$ and the mass of the strange quark.
description: Presented at Charm 2006, International Workshop on Tau-Charm Physics, June 05-07 2006, Beijing, China
The Picard group of the loop space of the Riemann sphere
Creators: name: Zhang, Ning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 32Q99, 58B12, 58D15, 46G20

description: The loop space of the Riemann sphere consisting of all $C^k$ or Sobolev $W^{k,p}$ maps from the circle $S^1$ to the sphere is an infinite dimensional complex manifold. We compute the Picard group of holomorphic line bundles on this loop space as an infinite dimensional complex Lie group with Lie algebra the first Dolbeault group. The group of Mobius transformations $G$ and its loop group $LG$ act on this loop space. We prove that an element of the Picard group is $LG$-fixed if it is $G$-fixed; thus completely answer the question by Millson and Zombro about $G$-equivariant projective embedding of the loop space of the Riemann sphere.
description: for other preprints of Ning Zhang see http://arxiv.org/a/zhang_n_1
On the nature of cosmic strings in black hole spacetimes
Creators: name: Kofroň, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new model for cosmic strings (i.e. conical singularities) attached to black holes is proposed. These string are obtained by a explicit construction via limiting process from the so-called Bonnor rocket. This reveals quite surprising nature of their stress-energy tensor which contains first derivative of Dirac $δ$ distribution. Starting from the Bonnor rocket we explicitly construct the Schwarzschild solution witch conical singularity and the C-metric. In the latter case we show that there is a momentum flux through the cosmic string, causing the acceleration of the black hole and the amount of this momentum is in agreement with the momentum taken away by gravitational radiation.
description: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1705.01138
Assembling the Ingredients for a Jet: How Do Large-Scale Magnetic Fields Get There and What Happens When They Do?
Creators: name: Rothstein, David M.
name: Lovelace, Richard V. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Jets and outflows are observed around a wide variety of accreting objects and seem to be a near-ubiquitous feature of accretion disks. Large-scale magnetic fields are thought to be necessary for jet formation in many systems, but a longstanding puzzle is that the turbulence which is responsible for inward disk accretion should be even more efficient at causing a large-scale magnetic field to diffuse outward; it just doesn't seem possible to build up a strong field in the inner disk through advection of a weak one from outside. Here, we report theoretical work which challenges this conventional wisdom and shows that the surface layer of the disk (which is nonturbulent) can easily advect magnetic fields inward. This opens up the possibility for more diverse and robust jet formation than is seen in numerical simulations which assume that the large-scale field must be generated entirely via a dynamo within the inner disk. In addition, strong disk turbulence (as inferred from observations) can naturally be explained by the magnetorotational instability feeding off a large-scale magnetic field anchored in the surface layer.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure; to be published in proceedings of "A Population Explosion: The Nature and Evolution of X-ray Binaries in Diverse Environments," 28 Oct. - 2 Nov. 2007, St. Petersburg Beach, FL (R. M. Bandyopadhyay, S. Wachter, D. Gelino, & C. R. Gelino, eds.)
A phenomenological estimate of the Covid-19 true scale from primary data
Creators: name: Palatella, Luigi
name: Vanni, Fabio
name: Lambert, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Estimation of prevalence of undocumented SARS-CoV-2 infections is critical for understanding the overall impact of the Covid-19 disease. In fact, unveiling uncounted cases has fundamental implications for public policy interventions strategies. In the present work, we show a basic yet effective approach to estimate the actual number of people infected by Sars-Cov-2, by using epidemiological raw data reported by official health institutions in the largest EU countries and USA.
Vanishing Cosmological Constant in Modified Gauss-Bonnet Gravity with Conformal Anomaly
Creators: name: Brevik, Iver
name: Hurtado, John Quiroga
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider dark energy cosmology in a de Sitter universe filled with quantum conformal matter. Our model represents a Gauss-Bonnet model of gravity with contributions from quantum effects. To the General Relativity action an arbitrary function of the GB invariant, f(G), is added, and taking into account quantum effects from matter the cosmological constant is studied. For the considered model the conditions for a vanishing cosmological constant are considered. Creation of a de Sitter universe by quantum effects in a GB modified gravity is discussed.
description: 8 pages latex, 1 figure. To appear in Int. J. Mod. Phys. D
Pre-supernova models at very low metallicity
Creators: name: Hirschi, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A series of fast rotating models at very low metallicity (Z=1e-8) was computed in order to explain the surface abundances observed at the surface of CEMP stars, in particular for nitrogen. The main results are the following: - Strong mixing occurs during He--burning and leads to important primary nitrogen production. - Important mass loss takes place in the RSG stage for the most massive models. The 85 solar mass model loses about three quarter of its initial mass, becomes a WO star and could produce a GRB. - The CNO elements of HE1327-2326 could have been produced in massive rotating stars and ejected by their stellar winds.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, Contribution to "Nuclei in the Cosmos IX", June 25-30 2006, CERN, Geneva, to appear in Proceedings of Science
Typology (Figure S1) and distribution and mitogenomic clade assignment (Figure S2) of medieval European finds of walrus rostra from Walruses on the Dnieper: new evidence for the intercontinental trade of greenlandic ivory in the Middle Ages
Creators: name: Barrett, James H.
name: Khamaiko, Natalia
name: Ferrari, Giada
name: Cuevas, Angélica
name: Kneale, Catherine
name: Hufthammer, Anne Karin
name: Pálsdóttir, Albína Hulda
name: Star, Bastiaan
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Figure S1. Chaîne opératoire typology entailing sets of increasingly elaborate steps used to remove and sculpt medieval walrus rostra found in Greenland and Europe. The Kyiv specimens have been classified using this scheme. Type 1 rostra were only modified by cut marks made during removal from the skull. In type 2, the tusk alveoli were thinned by rough parallel cuts that faceted the surface of each socket. Type 3 rostra also exhibit decorative carving of the nasal aperture. In type 4 the tusk sockets are smoothly rather than roughly facetted and the ventral margin between the tusks is always carved. Fragmentary rostra lacking some information can be attributed to broader categories (e.g. type 2/3). Image reproduced from Figure 2 of Barrett et al. (2020), where it was published open access under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Figure S2. Distribution of medieval European finds of walrus rostra that have been genetically analysed. Potential medieval trade routes are also shown. Mitogenomic clade assignment is indicated for each specimen. Stars mark the locations of control samples from Greenland, Iceland, Finnmark and Svalbard. The modern distributions of the eastern and western genetic clades of Atlantic walrus are shaded. Base map after Barrett et al. (2020) and references therein.
Local Forms of Morphisms of Colored Supermanifolds
Creators: name: Covolo, Tiffany
name: Kwok, Stephen
name: Poncin, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 17A70, 58A50, 13F25, 16L30

description: In \cite{Covolo:2016}, \cite{Covolo:2012} and \cite{Poncin:2016}, we introduced the category of colored supermanifolds ($\mathbb{Z}_2^n$-super\-ma\-ni\-folds or just $\mathbb{Z}_2^n$-manifolds ($\mathbb{Z}_2^n=\mathbb{Z}_2\times\ldots\times\mathbb{Z}_2$ ($n$ times))), explicitly described the corresponding $\mathbb{Z}_2^n$-Berezinian and gave first insights into $\mathbb{Z}_2^n$-integration theory. The present paper contains a detailed account of parts of the $\mathbb{Z}_2^n$-differential calculus and of the $\mathbb{Z}_2^n$-variants of the trilogy of local theorems, which consists of the inverse function theorem, the implicit function theorem and the constant rank theorem.
description: 21 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1608.00949
Nanometer-Scale Deformations of Berea Sandstone under Moisture Content Variations
Creators: name: Ilin, Eduard
name: Marchevsky, Maxim
name: Burkova, Irina
name: Pak, Michael
name: Bezryadin, Alexey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Sandstone mechanical stability is of key concern in projects involving injections of CO2 in sandstone geological reservoirs, for the purpose of long-term storage. We developed a method to measure nanometer-scale deformations of sandstones in real time. We demonstrate that Berea sandstone, when hydrated, changes dimensions with a relative deformation of the order of 10^(-4). If the moisture content increases, sandstone samples exhibit an extension and if the moisture content decreases then the samples shrink. We also discover that, immediately after exposure to water, the sandstone temporarily shrinks, just for a few seconds, after which a slow extension begins, and continues until about half of the fluid evaporates. Such shrinkage followed by an extension has been observed also when the sample was exposed to acetone, Mineral Spirits or Vacuum Oil. The results are obtained using a high-resolution nano-positioner technique and, in independent experiments, confirmed using the technique of coda wave interferometry.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures
The magnetic field in the dense photodissociation region of DR 21
Creators: name: Koley, Atanu
name: Roy, Nirupam
name: Menten, Karl M.
name: Jacob, Arshia M.
name: Pillai, Thushara G. S.
name: Rugel, Michael R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring interstellar magnetic fields is extremely important for understanding their role in different evolutionary stages of interstellar clouds and of star formation. However, detecting the weak field is observationally challenging. We present measurements of the Zeeman effect in the 1665 and 1667~MHz (18~cm) lines of the hydroxyl radical (OH) lines toward the dense photodissociation region (PDR) associated with the compact H{\sc ii} region DR~21~(Main). From the OH 18~cm absorption, observed with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, we find that the line of sight magnetic field in this region is $\sim 0.13$~mG. The same transitions in maser emission toward the neighboring DR~21(OH) and W~75S-FR1 regions also exhibit the Zeeman splitting. Along with the OH data, we use [C{\sc ii}] 158 $μ$m line and hydrogen radio recombination line data to constrain the physical conditions and the kinematics of the region. We find the OH column density to be $\sim 3.6\times10^{16}(T_{\rm ex}/25~{\rm K})~{\rm cm}^{-2}$, and that the 1665 and 1667 MHz absorption lines are originating from the gas where OH and C$^+$ are co-existing in the PDR. Under reasonable assumptions, we find the measured magnetic field strength for the PDR to be lower than the value expected from the commonly discussed density--magnetic field relation while the field strength values estimated from the maser emission are roughly consistent with the same. Finally, we compare the magnetic field energy density with the overall energetics of DR~21's PDR and find that, in its current evolutionary stage, the magnetic field is not dynamically important.
description: 13 pages with 14 figures and 3 tables; version accepted for publication in MNRAS
Rayleigh scattering in the transit spectrum of HD 189733b
Creators: name: Etangs, A. Lecavelier des
name: Pont, F.
name: Vidal-Madjar, A.
name: Sing, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The transit spectrum of the exoplanet HD 189733b has recently been obtained between 0.55 and 1.05 microns. Here we present an analysis of this spectrum. We develop first-order equations to interpret absorption spectra. In the case of HD 189733b, we show that the observed slope of the absorption as a function of wavelength is characteristic of extinction proportional to the inverse of the fourth power of the wavelength (lambda^-4). Assuming an extinction dominated by Rayleigh scattering, we derive an atmospheric temperature of 1340+/-150 K. If molecular hydrogen is responsible for the Rayleigh scattering, the atmospheric pressure at the planetary characteristic radius of 0.1564 stellar radius must be 410+/-30 mbar. However the preferred scenario is scattering by condensate particles. Using the Mie approximation, we find that the particles must have a low value for the imaginary part of the refraction index. We identify MgSiO3 as a possible abundant condensate whose particle size must be between 0.01 and 0.1 microns. For this condensate, assuming solar abundance, the pressure at 0.1564 stellar radius is found to be between a few microbars and few millibars, and the temperature is found to be in the range 1340-1540 K, and both depend on the particle size.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A Letter
Nonmonotonicity of phase transitions in a loss network with controls
Creators: name: Luen, Brad
name: Ramanan, Kavita
name: Ziedins, Ilze
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60K35, 60G60 (Primary) 93E03 (Secondary)

description: We consider a symmetric tree loss network that supports single-link (unicast) and multi-link (multicast) calls to nearest neighbors and has capacity $C$ on each link. The network operates a control so that the number of multicast calls centered at any node cannot exceed $C_V$ and the number of unicast calls at a link cannot exceed $C_E$, where $C_E$, $C_V\leq C$. We show that uniqueness of Gibbs measures on the infinite tree is equivalent to the convergence of certain recursions of a related map. For the case $C_V=1$ and $C_E=C$, we precisely characterize the phase transition surface and show that the phase transition is always nonmonotone in the arrival rate of the multicast calls. This model is an example of a system with hard constraints that has weights attached to both the edges and nodes of the network and can be viewed as a generalization of the hard core model that arises in statistical mechanics and combinatorics. Some of the results obtained also hold for more general models than just the loss network. The proofs rely on a combination of techniques from probability theory and dynamical systems.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000303 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Reuse of low-density fibre-boards for insulation use
Creators: name: Partanen, Asta
name: Piltz, Gunilla
name: vom Berg, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Description of the "Reuse of low-density fibre-boards for insulation use" good practice identified in the WoodCircus Project. Page 22 of the Good Practice Catalogue.
2D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of supernova ejecta with a central power source
Creators: name: Suzuki, Akihiro
name: Maeda, Keiichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of expanding supernova ejecta with a central energy source. As suggested in previous multi-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations, a sufficiently powerful central energy source can blow away the expanding supernova ejecta, leading to efficient mixing of stratified layers in the ejecta. We assume that the energy injection is realized in the form of non-thermal radiation from the wind nebula embedded at the center of the ejecta. We found that the multi-dimensional mixing in the ejecta assists the injected non-thermal radiation escaping from the ejecta. When the non-thermal radiation is absorbed by the ejecta, it is converted into bright thermal radiation or is consumed as the kinetic energy of the supernova ejecta. We found that central energy sources with the injection timescale similar to the photon diffusion timescale realize an efficient conversion of the injected energy into thermal radiation. On the other hand, a rapid energy injection ends up accelerating the ejecta rather than giving rise to bright thermal emission. This remarkable difference potentially explains the diversity of energetic supernovae including broad-lined Ic and superluminous supernovae.
description: 32 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Determining the position of a single spin relative to a metallic nanowire
Creators: name: Barbosa, J. F. da Silva
name: Lee, M.
name: Campagne-Ibarcq, P.
name: Jamonneau, P.
name: Kubo, Y.
name: Pezzagna, S.
name: Meijer, J.
name: Teraji, T.
name: Vion, D.
name: Esteve, D.
name: Heeres, R. W.
name: Bertet, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nanoscale localization of individual paramagnetic defects near an electrical circuit is an important step for realizing hybrid quantum devices with strong spin-microwave photon coupling. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of an array of individual NV centers in diamond near a metallic nanowire deposited on top of the substrate. We determine the relative position of each NV center with $\sim$10\,nm accuracy, using it as a vector magnetometer to measure the field generated by passing a dc current through the wire.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
POLYLACTIC ACID COMPOSITE MATERIALS REINFORCED WITH NATURAL FIBER
Creators: name: Genjemuratova, G.P.
name: Shambilova, G.K.
name: Bayniyazova, S.A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: As the demand for sustainable and eco-friendly materials grows, there is an increasing interest in developing biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA). This article explores the incorporation of natural fibers as reinforcement in PLA composites to enhance their mechanical properties and environmental sustainability. According to the result of the research, this study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on sustainable materials by providing insights into the mechanical properties, processing techniques, and environmental impact of PLA composite materials reinforced with natural fibers. The findings offer a valuable foundation for further research and development in the quest for environmentally conscious alternatives to traditional plastic materials.
Detail reconstruction in binary ghost imaging by using point-by-point method
Creators: name: Zhang, Ning
name: Bai, Yanfeng
name: Zou, Xuanpengfan
name: Fu, Xiquan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new local-binary ghost imaging by using point-by-point method. This method can compensate the degradation of imaging quality due to the loss of information during binarization process. The numerical and experimental results show that the target details can be reconstructed well by this method when compared with traditional ghost imaging. By comparing the differences of the speckle patterns from different binarization methods, we also give the corresponding explanation. Our results may have the potential applications in areas with high requirements for imaging details, such as target recognition.
The Virasoro Algebra and Some Exceptional Lie and Finite Groups
Creators: name: Tuite, Michael P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 17B68, 20D08, 17B69, 81R05, 81R10

description: We describe a number of relationships between properties of the vacuum Verma module of a Virasoro algebra and the automorphism group of certain vertex operator algebras. These groups include the Deligne exceptional series of simple Lie groups and some exceptional finite simple groups including the Monster and Baby Monster.
description: This is a contribution to the Proc. of the O'Raifeartaigh Symposium on Non-Perturbative and Symmetry Methods in Field Theory (June 2006, Budapest, Hungary), published in SIGMA (Symmetry, Integrability and Geometry: Methods and Applications) at http://www.emis.de/journals/SIGMA/
Enhanced broadband Terahertz radiation from two colour laser pulse interaction with thin dielectric solid target in air
Creators: name: Saxena, Sonal
name: Bagchi, Suman
name: Tayyab, Mohammad
name: Chakera, Juzer Ali
name: Kumar, Saurabh
name: Gupta, Devki Nandan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report enhanced broadband Terahertz (THz) generation and detailed characterization from the interaction of femtosecond two colour laser pulses with thin transparent dielectric tape target in ambient air. The proposed source is easy to implement, exhibits excellent scalability with laser energy. Spectral characterization using Fourier transform spectrometer reveals yield enhancement of more than 150 % in the THz region of 0.1 - 10 THz with respect to conventional two-colour laser plasma source in ambient air. Further, the source spectrum extends up to 40 THz with an enhancement of flux > 30 %. Experimental results, well supported with two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations establishes that the transient photo-current produced by the asymmetric laser pulse interaction with air plasma as well as near solid density plasma formed on the tape surface is responsible for the enhanced terahertz generation. The source will be useful for the multidisciplinary activities and ongoing applications of the laboratory-based terahertz sources.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
Examination of the systems of authority of three Canadian museums and the challenges of aboriginal peoples
Creators: name: Mattson, Linda Karen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In order to illustrate why museums are frequently sites of conflict and mediation, this dissertation examines the complex conditions under which knowledge is produced and disseminated at three Canadian museums. Approaching museums as social arenas or contact zones, the dissertation exposes power struggles in museums and dislodges a whole set of assumptions about what museums are and how they function. For the study I selected the following museums with anthropological mandates: MacBride Museum (Whitehorse), Prince of Wales Northern Heritage Centre (Yellowknife), and Vancouver Museum (Vancouver). The three museums were chosen because their geographical proximity to large communities of Aboriginal Peoples enabled an exploration of the changing relationships between them. Historically, museums have held the power to classify and define Aboriginal Peoples. Relatively recently, however Aboriginal Peoples have in various ways (by imposing constraints on how they and their cultures are exhibited, and through land claims and repatriation requests) been challenging their historic relationships with museums. In chapter one I discuss my objectives, methodology, and the work of those scholars who shaped this dissertation. Chapter two explores the invention of museums in the western world and begins linking the three Canadian museums with knowledge and power. In chapters three, four, and five I portray the mobility and productivity of three museums (MacBride Museum, PWNHC, and Vancouver Museum) in three distinct regions of Canada. I illustrate their ability to articulate identity, power, and tradition as well as the role they perform in the social organization of power relations. Each chapter begins with a description of the historical roots of power relations at each institution. This leads into a discussion of each museum's present system of authority: the state, governing bodies, professional staff and, increasingly, Aboriginal representatives. In the process I reveal some of the political pressures, institutional hierarchies, and personal conflicts that shape knowledge within these institutions. Chapter six is a review and critical analysis of systems of authority of the three museums and the challenges presented by Aboriginal Peoples. I conclude with the issues raised at the outset, which continue to confront the Canadian museum community, issues of inclusion and the limitations of cross-cultural translation, repatriation, and representation.
Positivity of the universal pairing in 3 dimensions
Creators: name: Calegari, Danny
name: Freedman, Michael
name: Walker, Kevin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 57R56; 57M50; 57N10

description: Associated to a closed, oriented surface S is the complex vector space with basis the set of all compact, oriented 3-manifolds which it bounds. Gluing along S defines a Hermitian pairing on this space with values in the complex vector space with basis all closed, oriented 3-manifolds. The main result in this paper is that this pairing is positive, i.e. that the result of pairing a nonzero vector with itself is nonzero. This has bearing on the question of what kinds of topological information can be extracted in principle from unitary 2+1 dimensional TQFTs. The proof involves the construction of a suitable complexity function c on all closed 3-manifolds, satisfying a gluing axiom which we call the topological Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, namely that c(AB) <= max(c(AA),c(BB)) for all A,B which bound S, with equality if and only if A=B. The complexity function c involves input from many aspects of 3-manifold topology, and in the process of establishing its key properties we obtain a number of results of independent interest. For example, we show that when two finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds are glued along an incompressible acylindrical surface, the resulting hyperbolic 3-manifold has minimal volume only when the gluing can be done along a totally geodesic surface; this generalizes a similar theorem for closed hyperbolic 3-manifolds due to Agol-Storm-Thurston.
description: 83 pages, 21 figures; version 3: incorporates referee's comments and corrections
Phase-mixing v.s. phase synchronization in the dynamics of flow-shear induced edge transport barrier
Creators: name: Leconte, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear relaxation oscillations of flow-shear induced transport barriers can be qualitatively reproduced using a phenomenological critical-gradient model [M. Leconte, Y.M. Jeon and G.S. Yun, \emph{Contrib. Plasma Phys.} 56, 736 (2016]. Here, we give a more in-depth analysis of the mechanism of these nonlinear oscillations, associated to nonlinear \emph{phase synchronization}, in an extended version of the model including random fluctuations.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
On the variational distance of two trees
Creators: name: Steel, M. A.
name: Székely, L. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 62P10 (Primary) 05C05, 05C80, 05C90, 92D15 (Secondary)

description: A widely studied model for generating sequences is to ``evolve'' them on a tree according to a symmetric Markov process. We prove that model trees tend to be maximally ``far apart'' in terms of variational distance.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000196 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Communities of practice in residential aged care: A rapid review
Creators: name: Read, Martin
name: Peters, Sanne
name: Bennett, Noleen
name: Francis, Jill J
name: Fetherstonhaugh, Deirdre
name: Lim, Wen Kwang
name: Tropea, Joanne
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4203
subject: Health services and systems

description: Background: Communities of practice (CoPs) have the potential to help address the residential aged care system's need for continuing education and quality improvement. CoPs have been used in healthcare to improve clinical practice; however, little is known about their application to the unique residential aged care context. Objectives: This rapid review of CoPs for residential aged care was conducted to summarise the features of CoPs, how they are developed and maintained, and assess their effectiveness. Methods: MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were searched for studies published from January 1991 to November 2022 about CoPs in residential aged care. Data were extracted regarding the CoPs' three key features of ‘domain’, ‘community’ and ‘practice’ as described by Wenger and colleagues. Kirkpatrick's four levels of evaluation (members' reactions, learning, behaviour and results) was used to examine studies on the effectiveness of CoPs. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used for quality appraisal. Results: Nineteen articles reported on 13 residential aged care CoPs. Most CoPs aimed to improve care quality (n = 9, 69%) while others aimed to educate members (n = 3, 23%). Membership was often multidisciplinary (n = 8, 62%), and interactions were in-person (n = 6, 46%), online (n = 3, 23%) or both (n = 4, 31%). Some CoPs were developed with the aid of a planning group (n = 4, 31%) or as part of a larger collaborative (n = 4, 31%), and were maintained using a facilitator (n = 7, 54%) or adapted to member feedback (n = 2, 15%). Thirteen (81%) studies evaluated members' reactions, and three (24%) studies assessed members' behaviour. The heterogeneity of studies and levels of reporting made it difficult to synthesise findings. Conclusions: This review revealed the variation in why, and how, CoPs have been used in residential aged care, which is consistent with previous reviews of CoPs in healthcare. While these findings can inform the development of CoPs in this context, further research is needed to understand how CoPs, including the membership makeup, delivery mode, facilitator type and frequency of meetings, impact quality of care.
Die bischöfliche und pfingstliche Identität der Orthodoxen Kirche
Creators: name: Jillions, John A.
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 60 Nr. 4 (2011): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 60, Heft 4
PAAI in the sky : towards a particulate mechanism for Dark Energy and concordant Dark Matter
Creators: name: MacKenzie, R. B.
name: Paranjape, M. B.
name: Yajnik, U. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose the origins of Dark Energy in a hidden sector with a pair of very light fermions, oppositely charged under an abelian gauge force $U(1)_X$ but of unequal mass. The system is dubbed PAAI, plasma which is abelian, asymmetric and idealised. For a range of the hidden fine structure constant values and the value of mass of the lightest fermion the PAAI is argued to simulate Dark Energy. Additional fermions from the same sector are shown to account for Dark Matter. Further, residual $X$-magnetic fields can mix with Maxwell electromagnetism to provides the seed for cosmic-scale magnetic fields. Thus the scenario can explain several cosmological puzzles from within the same hidden sector.
description: 10 pages, 1 figure, Workshop on Frontiers in High Energy Physics 2019 Hyderabad
Toy Models for Retrocausality
Creators: name: Price, Huw
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A number of writers have been attracted to the idea that some of the peculiarities of quantum theory might be manifestations of 'backward' or 'retro' causality, underlying the quantum description. This idea has been explored in the literature in two main ways: firstly in a variety of explicit models of quantum systems, and secondly at a conceptual level. This note introduces a third approach, intended to complement the other two. It describes a simple toy model, which, under a natural interpretation, shows how retrocausality can emerge from simple global constraints. The model is also useful in permitting a clear distinction between the kind of retrocausality likely to be of interest in QM, and a different kind of reverse causality, with which it is liable to be confused. The model is proposed in the hope that future elaborations might throw light on the potential of retrocausality to account for quantum phenomena.
description: 12 pages, 14 figures
Hard Density Fibreboards- Hardboards' enhanced circular use
Creators: name: Partanen, Asta
name: Piltz, Gunilla
name: vom Berg, Christopher
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Description of the "Hard Density Fibreboards- Hardboards‘ enhanced circular use" good practice identified in the WoodCircus Project. Page 23 of the Good Practice Catalogue.
Letter from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister to Mr. [James] Goldie, August 9, 1916
Creators: name: McAllister, John Edgar
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Letter to Mr. [James] Goldie from J. E. [John Edgar] McAllister, dated August 9, 1916, regarding a hog transaction between James Goldie and R. A. Lambert.
Transfer learning of chaotic systems
Creators: name: Guo, Yali
name: Zhang, Han
name: Wang, Liang
name: Fan, Huawei
name: Wang, Xingang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Can a neural network trained by the time series of system A be used to predict the evolution of system B? This problem, knowing as transfer learning in a broad sense, is of great importance in machine learning and data mining, yet has not been addressed for chaotic systems. Here we investigate transfer learning of chaotic systems from the perspective of synchronization-based state inference, in which a reservoir computer trained by chaotic system A is used to infer the unmeasured variables of chaotic system B, while A is different from B in either parameter or dynamics. It is found that if systems A and B are different in parameter, the reservoir computer can be well synchronized to system B. However, if systems A and B are different in dynamics, the reservoir computer fails to synchronize with system B in general. Knowledge transfer along a chain of coupled reservoir computers is also studied, and it is found that, although the reservoir computers are trained by different systems, the unmeasured variables of the driving system can be successfully inferred by the remote reservoir computer. Finally, by an experiment of chaotic pendulum, we show that the knowledge learned from the modeling system can be used to predict the evolution of the experimental system.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures
ALMA Observations of the Inner Cavity in the Protoplanetary Disk around Sz 84
Creators: name: Hashimoto, Jun
name: Muto, Takayuki
name: Dong, Ruobing
name: Hasegawa, Yasuhiro
name: van der Marel, Nienke
name: Tamura, Motohide
name: Takami, Michihiro
name: Momose, Munetake
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of a protoplanetary disk around the T Tauri star Sz~84 and analyses of the structures of the inner cavity in the central region of the dust disk. Sz~84's spectral energy distribution (SED) has been known to exhibit negligible infrared excess at $λ\lesssim$10~$μ$m due to the disk's cavity structure. Analyses of the observed visibilities of dust continuum at 1.3~mm and the SED indicate that the size of the cavity in the disk of large (millimeter size) dust grains is 8~au in radius and that in the disk of small (sub-micron size) dust grains is 60~au in radius. Furthermore, from the SED analyses, we estimate that the upper limit mass of small dust grains at $r
description: 22 pages, 11 figures
A Catalog of Candidate Field Horizontal-Branch and A-Type Stars. III. A 2MASS-Cleaned Version
Creators: name: Beers, Timothy C.
name: Almeida, Tiago
name: Rossi, Silvia
name: Wilhelm, Ronald
name: Marsteller, Brian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present coordinates and available photometric information (either from previous or recent broadband UBV observations, and near-infrared photometry from the 2MASS Point Source Catalog) for 12056 stars (11516 of which are unique) identified in the HK Survey of Beers and colleagues as candidate field horizontal-branch or A-type stars. These stars, in the apparent magnitude range 10 <= B <= 16.0, were selected using an objective-prism/interference-filter survey technique. The availability of 2MASS information permits assembly of a cleaned version of this catalog, comprising likely blue horizontal-branch (BHB) stars or blue stragglers in the color interval -0.2 <= (B-V)o <= +0.2, which are of particular interest for investigation of the structure, kinematics, and dynamics of the thick disk and inner halo of the Milky Way, the total mass and mass profile of the Galaxy, and as potential foreground/background objects in efforts to bracket distances to high velocity clouds of H I. A comparison of the stars classified as high-likelihood BHB candidates with previous classifications based on UBV photometry and medium-resolution spectroscopy indicates that this class contains 78% correct identifications.
description: Accepted for publication in the ApJS. Submission is 27 pages, including 3 figures and 5 tables. Note that the full catalog listing (Tables 3 and 4) will appear in the ApJS in electronic form only. These are also available by request from the first author
Arcuospathidium cultriforme subsp. scalpriforme Foissner 2003
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Gymnostomatea
Spathidiida
Arcuospathidiidae
Arcuospathidium
Arcuospathidium cultriforme
Arcuospathidium cultriforme scalpriforme (kahl, 1930) foissner, 2003

description: Arcuospathidium cultriforme scalpriforme (Kahl, 1930) Foissner, 2003
Distribution. MEXICO: Coffee plantation Virginia Armand, near Coatepec (Durán-Ramírez et al. 2015), (Th); Santuario del Bosque de Niebla, near Xalapa (Durán-Ramírez et al. 2015), (Th). VENEZUELA: South margin of the Henri Pittier National Park, Biological Station Rancho Grande (Foissner 2016).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 15, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
Topological Entanglement Entropy in Chern-Simons Theories and Quantum Hall Fluids
Creators: name: Dong, Shiying
name: Fradkin, Eduardo
name: Leigh, Robert G.
name: Nowling, Sean
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute directly the entanglement entropy of spatial regions in Chern-Simons gauge theories in 2+1 dimensions using surgery. We use these results to determine the universal topological piece of the entanglement entropy for Abelian and non-Abelian quantum Hall fluids.
description: 17 figures!
Magnetic gradient free two axis control of a valley spin qubit in SiGe
Creators: name: Liu, Y. -Y.
name: Orona, L. A.
name: Neyens, Samuel F.
name: MacQuarrie, E. R.
name: Eriksson, M. A.
name: Yacoby, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Spins in SiGe quantum dots are promising candidates for quantum bits but are also challenging due to the valley degeneracy which could potentially cause spin decoherence and weak spin-orbital coupling. In this work we demonstrate that valley states can serve as an asset that enables two-axis control of a singlet-triplet qubit formed in a double quantum dot without the application of a magnetic field gradient. We measure the valley spectrum in each dot using magnetic field spectroscopy of Zeeman split triplet states. The interdot transition between ground states requires an electron to flip between valleys, which in turn provides a g-factor difference $Δg$ between two dots. This $Δg$ serves as an effective magnetic field gradient and allows for qubit rotations with a rate that increases linearly with an external magnetic field. We measured several interdot transitions and found that this valley introduced $Δg$ is universal and electrically tunable. This could potentially simplify scaling up quantum information processing in the SiGe platform by removing the requirement for magnetic field gradients which are difficult to engineer.
description: 4 figures