Grazielia gaudichaudeana
Creators: name: de Souza, Tiago J. T.
name: S
name: Bordignon, ergio A. L.
name: Apel, Miriam A.
name: Henriques, Amelia T.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Asterales
Asteraceae
Grazielia
Grazielia gaudichaudeana

description: Grazielia gaudichaudeana (DC.) R.M.King & H.Rob
(= Eupatorium gaudichaudianum, Dimorpholepis gaudichaudeana)
were collected in Canela and Paraíso do Sul, which exhibited VOs with very similar chemical compositions in terms of the monoterpene fraction. The major compounds in this fraction were α- pinene (12.4–15.5%), β- pinene (9.2–28.9%), and limonene (18.3–37.2%). The sample from Canela/05 also showed a large percentage of α- thujene (10.1%). In the sesquiterpene fraction, the VOs presented large quantitative differences. The VOs obtained from a region of higher altitude (Canela) were characterized by the presence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbon compounds with a germacrane nucleus, namely germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene (11.3 and 7.6%), these compounds did not reach 2% of the VOs obtained from the Paraíso do Sul/06 sample. In the VOs from the samples obtained from the lower central region, this fraction was characterized by the predominance of an oxygenated compound with an aromadendrane nucleus, spathulenol (20.5 and 9.4% in the leaves and inflorescences, respectively). The transformation of bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D into spathulenol has already been reported (Toyota et al., 1996; Venturi et al., 2015). Previously, several diterpenes bearing an ent-caurane nucleus have been isolated from this species collected in S˜ao Paulo state (Taleb et al., 1999) and from a sample collected in Parana´state, a cytotoxic 18-nor-ent-labdane furan was isolated together with sterols, triterpenes, and flavonols (Balbinot et al., 2019). The yield of the VOs has already been reported to be 1.09–1.29% (in dry and fresh inflorescences, respectively), which was in the same range as our samples, but the chemical composition has not been previously reported (Souza, 2015). In Southeastern Brazil, this species has been reported to be associated with Cecidomyiidae stem gall inducers (Coelho et al., 2013) and an unknown lepidopteran leaf gall inducer whose galls were occupied by coleopterans (Maia and Mascarenhas, 2017). In addition, its flower heads have been reported to be a feeding site for adults of the very endangered endemic Nymphalidae butterfly Actinote zikani (Francini et al., 2005), the threatened Pierideae butterfly Charonias theano (Freitas et al., 2011), and the Ithomiiniae Placidula euryanassa (which also feeds on other Eupatorieae, such as Chromolaena laevigata and Barrosoa betoniciiformis) (Freitas, 1993). The role of VOs in the interactions between plants and insects, gall inducers, leaf-suckers, and leaf-eaters has been previously studied (Jiang et al., 2018; Rost´as et al., 2013; Tooker et al., 2008; Tooker and De Moraes, 2008). For instance, Malacosoma disstria caterpillars induce a germacrene D synthase in Populus trichocarpa × deltoides by feeding on that species, possibly implying a role for this compound in attracting the caterpillar’ s natural enemies in a tri-trophic interaction (Arimura et al., 2004). On the other hand, the moth Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae) is attracted by ()-germacrene D in tobacco, enhancing oviposition in the plant (Mozuraitis et al., 2002; Røstelien et al., 2000). Limonene exhibits insect repellent activity (Hebeish et al., 2008; Tripathi et al., 2003), while β- pinene has also been shown to be neurotoxic to the coleopteran Tribolium castaneum by inducing the overexpression of the histamine-gated chloride channel 2 (Hiscl2), GABA-gated ion channel (Grd), and acetylcholinesterase (Ace1) Ace1 genes (Pajaro-Castro et al., 2017). The role of the VOs produced by G. gaudichaudieana during the interaction of this species with insects remains to be established.
description: Published as part of de Souza, Tiago J. T., S, Bordignon, ergio A. L., Apel, Miriam A. & Henriques, Amelia T., 2021, Volatile constituents of Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Compositional multivariate analysis of volatile oils from Southern Brazilian species in the subtribe Disynaphiinae, pp. 1-23 in Phytochemistry (112734) (112734) 186 on page 2, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112734, http://zenodo.org/record/8258534