cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Beliefs of political leaders: conditions for change in the Eurozone crisis
Creators: name: Swinkels, Marij
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Leadership studies research reveals that political leaders’ beliefs affect their political and policymaking behaviour, especially in times of crisis. Moreover, the level of flexibility of these beliefs influences the likelihood that groups of leaders come to collective decisions. Insight into when and why political leaders do, in fact, change their beliefs is sorely lacking. This paper uses fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) to examine the antecedents of belief changes among 12 European leaders, all working in the realm of economic policy. Its findings reveal how increases in unemployment and unsustainable debt, as well as different government ideologies and increases in Euroscepticism lead to economic belief changes. In so doing, this paper begins to open the ‘black box’ of when, why, and under what conditions leaders change their beliefs.
PRICE EFFECTS OF WOOL MARKETING INNOVATIONS: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
Creators: name: Jackson, Brenda
name: Spinks, Murray
name: Jackson, Brenda
name: Spinks, Murray
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1982
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Conflicting claims are often made about the price effects of specific wool marketing innovations. In this paper, a regression model is used to estimate the price effects of two innovations, namely, computerised selling by separation and pre-sale, dense packaging of wool. The results are indicative of aggregate price differentials between wool sold via the 'normal' system and via an innovative system for the particular wool types and sale dates analysed. The extent to which price effects may be offset by differences in selling charges is also considered. In addition, some underlying reasons for price differences, where they exist, are proposed.
Analyses of third order Bose-Einstein correlation by means of Coulomb wave function
Creators: name: Biyajima, Minoru
name: Mizoguchi, Takuya
name: Suzuki, Naomichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In order to include a correction by the Coulomb interaction in Bose-Einstein correlations (BEC), the wave function for the Coulomb scattering were introduced in the quantum optical approach to BEC in the previous work. If we formulate the amplitude written by Coulomb wave functions according to the diagram for BEC in the plane wave formulation, the formula for $3π^-$BEC becomes simpler than that of our previous work. We re-analyze the raw data of $3π^-$BEC by NA44 and STAR Collaborations by this formula. Results are compared with the previous ones.
description: 6pages, 5 figures, talk at Workshop on Particle Correlations and Femtoscopy, Kromeriz, Czech Republic, August 15-17, 2005
X-ray properties of active M dwarfs as observed by XMM-Newton
Creators: name: Robrade, J.
name: Schmitt, J. H. M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a comparative study of X-ray emission from a sample of active M dwarfs with spectral types \hbox{M3.5 - M4.5} using XMM-Newton observations of two single stars, AD Leonis and EV Lacertae, and two unresolved binary systems, AT Microscopii and EQ Pegasi. The light curves reveal frequent flaring during all four observations. We perform a uniform spectral analysis and determine plasma temperatures, abundances and emission measures in different states of activity. Applying multi-temperature models with variable abundances separately to data obtained with the EPIC and RGS detectors we are able to investigate the consistency of the results obtained by the different instruments onboard XMM-Newton. We find that the X-ray properties of the sample M dwarfs are very similar, with the coronal abundances of all sample stars following a trend of increasing abundance with increasing first ionization potential, the inverse FIP effect. The overall metallicities are below solar photospheric ones but appear consistent with the measured photospheric abundances of M dwarfs like these. A significant increase in the prominence of the hotter plasma components is observed during flares while the cool plasma component is only marginally affected by flaring, pointing to different coronal structures. AT Mic, probably a young pre-main-sequence system, has the highest X-ray luminosity and exhibits also the hottest corona. While results of EQ Peg and EV Lac are presented here for the first time, AT Mic and AD Leo have been investigated before with different analysis approaches, allowing a comparison of the results.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures, accepted by A&A
Additional file 3 of Malaria vector control tools in emergency settings: What do experts think? Results from a DELPHI survey
Creators: name: Boëte, Christophe
name: Burza, Sakib
name: Lasry, Estrella
name: Moriana, Silvia
name: Robertson, William
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 3. Questionnaire used for the 2nd round of the Delphi survey.
Classical communication through quantum causal structures
Creators: name: Goswami, Kaumudibikash
name: Costa, Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum mechanics allows operations to be in indefinite causal order. Recently there have been active discussions on enhanced communication strategies through exotic causal structures. In light of this, through the process matrix formalism, we formulate different classical capacities for a bi-partite quantum process. We find that a one-way communication protocol through an arbitrary process cannot outperform a causally separable process, i.e., we can send at most one bit per qubit. Next, we study bi-directional communication through a causally separable process. Our result shows, a bi-directional protocol cannot exceed the limit of one way communication protocol. Finally, we generalise this result to multi-party broadcast communication protocol through a definite ordered process.
Multi-split Optimized Bagging Ensemble Model Selection for Multi-class Educational Data Mining
Creators: name: Injadat, MohammadNoor
name: Moubayed, Abdallah
name: Nassif, Ali Bou
name: Shami, Abdallah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Predicting students' academic performance has been a research area of interest in recent years with many institutions focusing on improving the students' performance and the education quality. The analysis and prediction of students' performance can be achieved using various data mining techniques. Moreover, such techniques allow instructors to determine possible factors that may affect the students' final marks. To that end, this work analyzes two different undergraduate datasets at two different universities. Furthermore, this work aims to predict the students' performance at two stages of course delivery (20% and 50% respectively). This analysis allows for properly choosing the appropriate machine learning algorithms to use as well as optimize the algorithms' parameters. Furthermore, this work adopts a systematic multi-split approach based on Gini index and p-value. This is done by optimizing a suitable bagging ensemble learner that is built from any combination of six potential base machine learning algorithms. It is shown through experimental results that the posited bagging ensemble models achieve high accuracy for the target group for both datasets.
description: 29 Pages, 13 Figures, 19 Tables, Accepted in Springer's Applied Intelligence
XMM-Newton View of the z>0 Warm-Hot Intergalactic Medium Toward Markarian 421
Creators: name: Williams, Rik J.
name: Mathur, Smita
name: Nicastro, Fabrizio
name: Elvis, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent detection with Chandra of two warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) filaments toward Mrk 421 by Nicastro et al. provides a measurement of the bulk of the "missing baryons" in the nearby universe. Since Mrk 421 is a bright X-ray source, it is also frequently observed by the XMM-Newton Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) for calibration purposes. Using all available archived XMM observations of this source with small pointing offsets (<15"), we construct the highest-quality XMM grating spectrum of Mrk 421 to date with a net exposure time (excluding periods of high background flux) of 437 ks and \~15000 counts per resolution element at 21.6A, more than twice that of the Chandra spectrum. Despite the long exposure time neither of the two intervening absorption systems is seen, though the upper limits derived are consistent with the Chandra equivalent width measurements. This appears to result from (1) the larger number of narrow instrumental features caused by bad detector columns, (2) the degraded resolution of XMM/RGS as compared to the Chandra/LETG, and (3) fixed pattern noise at λ> 29A. The non-detection of the WHIM absorbers by XMM is thus fully consistent with the Chandra measurement.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures; minor changes to text and one figure added, accepted to ApJL
Effect of essential oils on pathogenic and biofilm-forming Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains
Creators: name: Md. Furkanur Rahaman Mizan
name: Md. Ashrafudoulla
name: Md. Iqbal Hossain
name: Hye-Ran Cho
name: Ha, Sang-Do
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: In this study, the effect of three essential oils (EOs) – clove oil (CO), thyme oil (TO), and garlic oil (GO), which are generally recognized as safe – on the planktonic growth, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), motility, biofilm formation, and quorum sensing (QS) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was investigated. All three EOs showed bacteriostatic activity, with MICs in the range 0.02%–0.09% (v/v). CO and TO completely controlled planktonic growth at 0.28% and 0.08% (v/v), which is four times their MIC (4 × MIC), after 10 min, whereas GO completely controlled growth at 0.36% (v/v) (4 × MIC) after treatment for 20 min. V. parahaemolyticus motility was significantly reduced by all three EOs at 4 × MIC (0.28% for CO, 0.08% for TO, and 0.36% for GO), whereas QS was controlled and biofilm formation reduced by all three EOs at 8 × MIC (0.56% for CO, 0.16% for TO, and 0.72% for GO) after 30 min of treatment. These results suggest that CO, TO, and GO have a significant inhibitory effect on V. parahaemolyticus cells in biofilm sand thus represent a promising strategy for improving food safety. These results provide the evidence required to encourage further research into the practical use of the proposed EOs in food preparation processes.
Entropy and electronic orders of the three-orbital Hubbard model with antiferromagnetic Hund coupling
Creators: name: Yue, Changming
name: Hoshino, Shintaro
name: Werner, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An antiferromagnetic Hund coupling in multiorbital Hubbard systems induces orbital freezing and an associated superconducting instability, as well as unique composite orders in the case of an odd number of orbitals. While the rich phase diagram of the half-filled three-orbital model has recently been explored in detail, the properties of the doped system remain to be clarified. Here, we complement the previous studies by computing the entropy of the half-filled model, which exhibits an increase in the orbital-frozen region, and a suppression in the composite ordered phase. The doping dependent phase diagram shows that the composite ordered state can be stabilized in the doped Mott regime, if conventional electronic orders are suppressed by frustration. While antiferro orbital order dominates the filling range $2\lesssim n \le 3$, and ferro orbital order the strongly interacting region for $1\lesssim n < 2$, we find superconductivity with a remarkably high $T_c$ around $n=1.5$ (quarter filling). Also in the doped system, there is a close connection between the orbital freezing crossover and superconductivity.
description: 10 pages, 10 figures
Elimination of Bloodstream Infections Associated with Candida albicans Biofilm in Intravascular Catheters
Creators: name: Akbari, Freshta
name: Kjellerup, Birthe Veno
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: antibiotic lock technique
biofilm
bloodstream infections
Candida albicans
chelating agents
intravascular catheters

description: Intravascular catheters are among the most commonly inserted medical devices and they are known to cause a large number of catheter related bloodstream infections (BSIs). Biofilms are associated with many chronic infections due to the aggregation of microorganisms. One of these organisms is the fungus Candida albicans. It has shown to be one of the leading causes of catheter-related BSIs. The presence of biofilm on intravascular catheters provide increased tolerance against antimicrobial treatments, thus alternative treatment strategies are sought. Traditionally, many strategies, such as application of combined antimicrobials, addition of antifungals, and removal of catheters, have been practiced, but they were not successful in eradicating BSIs. Since these fungal infections can result in significant morbidity, mortality, and increased healthcare cost, other promising preventive strategies, including antimicrobial lock therapy, chelating agents, alcohol, and biofilm disruptors, have been applied. In this review, current success and failure of these new approaches, and a comparison with the previous strategies are discussed in order to understand which preventative treatment is the most effective in controlling the catheter-related BSIs.
Heavy Quarkonium Production: Extending CSM and COM
Creators: name: Lansberg, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By questioning the applicability of the static approximation of the Colour-Singlet Model, we have seen that the production amplitude receives contributions from two different cuts. The first one in its static limit gives the colour-singlet mechanism. The second one has not been considered so far. We treat it in a gauge-invariant manner by introducing necessary new 4-point vertices, suggestive of the colour-octet mechanism. This new contribution can be as large as the colour-singlet mechanism at high pT, however these vertices are not totally constrained and when the freedom in their determination is fully exploited, we are able to reproduce the production cross-sections at the Tevatron for the J/Psi, Psi' and Upsilon(1S) and at RHIC for the J/Psi.
description: Talk given at 13th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS 05), Madison, Wisconsin, 27 Apr - 1 May 2005 and at Phenomenology 2005 Symposium (PHENO 05), 2-4 May 2005, Madison, Wisconsin, 5 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX, uses aip-6s.clo, aipproc.cls and aipxfm.sty (included)
INPUTS, OUTPUTS AND PRODUCTIVITY CHANGE IN THE AUSTRALIAN SHEEP INDUSTRY
Creators: name: Lawrence, Denis
name: McKay, Lloyd
name: Lawrence, Denis
name: McKay, Lloyd
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Livestock Production/Industries
Productivity Analysis

description: Tornqvist quantity indexes of output and input are computed for the period 1952/53 to 1976/77 from Australian Sheep Industry Survey data. The computation includes estimating the annual service flow from durable inputs. Total productivity in the sheep industry is estimated to have increased by 2.9 per cent per annum during this 25-year period. While the ratio of capital employed per unit of labour has increased, materials, services and livestock have been the inputs for which the quantity used has increased most rapidly. On the output side, there has been a move towards greater diversification with both crop and cattle enterprises on 'sheep properties' increasing in relative importance.
Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope Observations of 2012 Solar Eclipse: A Multi-wavelength study of cm-wavelength Gyroresonance Emission from Active Regions
Creators: name: Velusamy, T.
name: Kuiper, T. B. H
name: Dorcey, S. M. Levin R.
name: Kreuser-Jenkins, N.
name: Leflang, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Goldstone Apple Valley Radio Telescope (GAVRT) is a science education partnership among NASA, the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), and the Lewis Center for Educational Research (LCER), offering unique opportunities for K -12 students and their teachers. The GAVRT program operates a 34-m radio telescope with a wide-band, low noise receiver, which is tunable in four independent dual-polarization bands from 3 to 14 GHz. The annular eclipse of the Sun on 2012 May 20 was observed by GAVRT as part of education outreach. In this paper we present the results of this eclipse data and discuss the multi-wavelength strip scan brightness distribution across three active regions. We derive the source brightness temperatures and angular sizes as a function of frequency and interpret the results in terms of the gyroresonance mechanism. We show examples of the increasing brightness and widening of source size (isogauss surface) with wavelength as evidence for gyroresonance emission layers of broader (diverging ) isogauss surfaces of the magnetic field geometry in the corona above solar surface. We present an example how the derived frequency - brightness temperature relationship is translated to a magnetic field - brightness temperature relationship under the frame-work of gyroresonance emission. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of GAVRT bands as excellent probes to study the layers of the corona above the active regions (sun spots), in particular the prevalence of the gyroresonance mechanism. Our results provide a frame-work for multiwavelength cm-wavelength eclipse observations and illustrate how the GAVRT program and K- 12 student/teacher participation can produce science data useful to the scientific community and science missions.
description: 21 pages; 8 figures To be published in PASP
Additional file 2 of A systematic review and meta-analysis of host genetic factors associated with influenza severity
Creators: name: Van Goethem, Nina
name: Danwang, Célestin
name: Bossuyt, Nathalie
name: Van Oyen, Herman
name: Roosens, Nancy H. C.
name: Robert, Annie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Results of the meta-analyses, leave-one-out analyses, and funnel plots for the association between the rs12252, rs333, rs1801274, and rs34481144 polymorphisms and influenza disease severity.
Optoelectronic Properties of Amorphous Carbon-Based Nanotube and Nanoscroll
Creators: name: Tromer, Raphael M.
name: Felix, Levi C.
name: Ribeiro, Luiz A.
name: Galvao, Douglas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Free-standing monolayer amorphous carbon (MAC) is a pure carbon structure composed of randomly distributed atom rings with different sizes, which was recently synthesized. In this work, we carried out ab initio and tight-binding calculations to investigate the optoelectronic properties of MAC and its derived nanotube and nanoscroll configurations. Our results show MAC, tube, and scrolls exhibit similar electronic behavior. All structures absorb from infrared to ultraviolet, with maximum absorption peaks the visible-ultra violet ($\sim 3.2$ eV). The maximum and minimum reflectivity values are in the range 0.3-0.5 (infrared) and 0.1-0.0 (ultraviolet), making these materials good candidates to ultraviolet filters.
On the test of the modified BCS at finite temperature
Creators: name: Dang, Nguyen Dinh
name: Arima, Akito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The results and conclusions by Ponomarev and Vdovin [Phys. Rev. C {\bf 72}, 034309 (2005)] are inadequate to judge the applicability of the modified BCS because they were obtained either in the temperature region, where the use of zero-temperature single-particle spectra is no longer justified, or in too limited configuration spaces.
description: Revised version, accepted in Physical Review C
INCORPORATING MULTIPLE OBJECTIVES IN PLANNING MODELS OF LOW-RESOURCE FARMERS
Creators: name: Flinn, John C.
name: Jayasuriya, Sisira
name: Knight, C. Gregory
name: Flinn, John C.
name: Jayasuriya, Sisira
name: Knight, C. Gregory
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: Linear goal programming provides a means of formally incorporating the multiple goals of a household into the analysis of farming systems. Using this approach, the set of plans which come as close as possible to achieving a set of desired goals under conditions of land and cash scarcity are derived for a Filipino tenant farmer. A challenge in making LGP models empirically operational is the accurate definition of the goals of the farm household being modelled.
Additional file 3 of A systematic review and meta-analysis of host genetic factors associated with influenza severity
Creators: name: Van Goethem, Nina
name: Danwang, Célestin
name: Bossuyt, Nathalie
name: Van Oyen, Herman
name: Roosens, Nancy H. C.
name: Robert, Annie
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3. Search strategy using the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases, eligibility criteria, and risk of bias score to assess the quality of included studies for the systematic review and meta-analysis of host genetic factors and influenza disease severity.
Semiclassical propagation of coherent states using complex and real trajectories
Creators: name: Novaes, M.
name: de Aguiar, M. A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the semiclassical propagation of coherent states in $d$ dimensions, which in general involves complex classical dynamics. Several simple approximations are derived that depend only on real classical trajectories, among them the thawed Gaussian approximation (TGA). Apart from the TGA, all other possibilities are able to reproduce interference and tunnelling effects, and involve propagating a set of classical initial conditions compatible with the quantum uncertainties. The accuracy of the results is verified in two dimensions for the scattering by an attractive potential, for a bound nonlinear system, for motion inside a circular billiard and for a system involving tunnelling.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
Land Surface Albedo Estimation from Chinese HJ Satellite Data Based on the Direct Estimation Approach
Creators: name: He, Tao
name: Liang, Shunlin
name: Wang, Dongdong
name: Chen, Xiaona
name: Song, Dan-Xia
name: Jiang, Bo
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: surface albedo
direct estimation
medium resolution
snow albedo
HJ data

description: Monitoring surface albedo at medium-to-fine resolution (<100 m) has become increasingly important for medium-to-fine scale applications and coarse-resolution data evaluation. This paper presents a method for estimating surface albedo directly using top-of-atmosphere reflectance. This is the first attempt to derive surface albedo for both snow-free and snow-covered conditions from medium-resolution data with a single approach. We applied this method to the multispectral data from the wide-swath Chinese HuanJing (HJ) satellites at a spatial resolution of 30 m to demonstrate the feasibility of this data for surface albedo monitoring over rapidly changing surfaces. Validation against ground measurements shows that the method is capable of accurately estimating surface albedo over both snow-free and snow-covered surfaces with an overall root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.030 and r-square (R2) of 0.947. The comparison between HJ albedo estimates and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectral Radiometer (MODIS) albedo product suggests that the HJ data and proposed algorithm can generate robust albedo estimates over various land cover types with an RMSE of 0.011–0.014. The accuracy of HJ albedo estimation improves with the increase in view zenith angles, which further demonstrates the unique advantage of wide-swath satellite data in albedo estimation.
RISK ATTITUDES AMONGST AUSTRALIAN FARMERS
Creators: name: Bond, Gary E.
name: Wonder, Bernard
name: Bond, Gary E.
name: Wonder, Bernard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1980
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: A procedure for the measurement of risk attitudes is developed and applied. The data for the analysis were obtained from a survey in which 201 farmers throughout Australia were asked to provide points of indifference between sure amounts of income and risky prospects. Although the conclusions from this pilot study are of a tentative nature, it is suggested that risk aversion is the most prevalent risk attitude in the agricultural sector. However, the average degree of risk aversion is relatively small and, in an expected utility context, farmers gave a wide variety of responses. The latter result highlights the need to consider the size distribution of risk attitudes in economic modelling. Influences of socioeconomic and other variables on risk attitudes are examined. The results, when considered jointly with other studies, emphasise the desirability of further research into the determination of risk attitudes.
Improving the portability of predicting students performance models by using ontologies
Creators: name: Zambrano, Javier Lopez
name: Lara, Juan A.
name: Romero, Cristobal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the main current challenges in Educational Data Mining and Learning Analytics is the portability or transferability of predictive models obtained for a particular course so that they can be applied to other different courses. To handle this challenge, one of the foremost problems is the models excessive dependence on the low-level attributes used to train them, which reduces the models portability. To solve this issue, the use of high level attributes with more semantic meaning, such as ontologies, may be very useful. Along this line, we propose the utilization of an ontology that uses a taxonomy of actions that summarises students interactions with the Moodle learning management system. We compare the results of this proposed approach against our previous results when we used low-level raw attributes obtained directly from Moodle logs. The results indicate that the use of the proposed ontology improves the portability of the models in terms of predictive accuracy. The main contribution of this paper is to show that the ontological models obtained in one source course can be applied to other different target courses with similar usage levels without losing prediction accuracy.
Empowering Probabilistic Inference with Stochastic Deep Neural Networks
Creators: name: Zheng, Guoqing
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 46
subject: Information and computing sciences

description: Probabilistic models are powerful tools in understanding real world data from various domains, including images, natural language texts, audios and temporal time series. Often more flexible and expressive probabilistic models are preferred for accurate modeling, however the difficulty for effective model learning and inference arises accordingly due to increasingly more complex probabilistic model architectures. Meanwhile, recent advances in deep neural networks for both supervised and unsupervised learning have shown prominent advantages in learning flexible deterministic mappings, compared to traditional shallow models. Integrating deep neural networks into probabilistic modeling thus becomes an important research direction. Though existing works have opened the door of modeling stochasticity in data with deep neural networks, they may still suffer from limitations, such as a) the family of distributions that can be captured for both modeling and inference is limited, b) probabilistic models for some important discrete structures, such as permutations, have not yet been extensively studied; and c) applications to discrete and continuous sequential data modeling, such as natural language and time series, could still use significant improvements. In this thesis, we propose simple yet effective methods to address the above limitations of incorporating stochastic deep neural networks for probabilistic modeling. Specifically, we propose: a) to enrich the family of distributions used for probabilistic modeling and inference, b) to define probabilistic models over certain important discrete structures and to demonstrate how learning and inference could be performed over them; and c) to develop significantly better probabilistic models in both discrete and continuous sequential data domains, such as natural languages and continuous time series. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approaches.
The advection-dominated accretion flow for the anti-correlation between the X-ray photon index and the X-ray luminosity in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries
Creators: name: Qiao, Erlin
name: Liu, B. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observationally, an anti-correlation between the X-ray photon index $Γ$ (obtained by fitting the X-ray spectrum between 0.5 and 10 keV with a single power law) and the X-ray luminosity $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}$, is found in neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (NS-LMXBs) in the range of $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}\sim 10^{34}-10^{36}\ \rm erg\ s^{-1}$. In this paper, we explain the observed anti-correlation between $Γ$ and $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}$ within the framework of the self-similar solution of the advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) around a weakly magnetized NS. The ADAF model intrinsically predicts an anti-correlation between $Γ$ and $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}$. In the ADAF model, there is a key parameter, $f_{\rm th}$, which describes the fraction of the ADAF energy released at the surface of the NS as thermal emission to be scattered in the ADAF. We test the effect of $f_{\rm th}$ on the anti-correlation between $Γ$ and $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}$. It is found that the value of $f_{\rm th}$ can significantly affect the anti-correlation between $Γ$ and $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}$. Specifically, the anti-correlation between $Γ$ and $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}$ becomes flatter with decreasing $f_{\rm th}$ as taking $f_{\rm th}=0.1, 0.03, 0.01, 0.005$, $0.003$ and $0$ respectively. By comparing with a sample of non-pulsating NS-LMXBs with well measured $Γ$ and $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}$, we find that indeed only a small value of $0.003\lesssim f_{\rm th}\lesssim 0.1$ is needed to match the observed anti-correlation between $Γ$ and $L_{\rm 0.5-10keV}$. Finally, we argue that the small value of $f_{\rm th}\lesssim 0.1$ derived in this paper further confirms our previous conclusion that the radiative efficiency of NSs with an ADAF accretion may not be as high as $ε\sim {\dot M GM\over R_{*}}/{\dot M c^2}\sim 0.2$.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures. Accepted for publication by MNRAS
Observational Evidence for the Co-evolution of Galaxy Mergers, Quasars, and the Blue/Red Galaxy Transition
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Bundy, Kevin
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Ellis, Richard S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compile a number of observations to estimate the time-averaged rate of formation or buildup of red sequence galaxies, as a function of mass and redshift. Comparing this with the mass functions of mergers and quasar hosts, and independently comparing their clustering properties as a function of redshift, we find that these populations trace the same mass distribution, with similar evolution, at redshifts 0~10^11 M_solar at z~50%) assembled at a given redshift, which increases with redshift over the observed range in a manner consistent with suggestions that cosmic downsizing may apply to red galaxy assembly as well as star formation. These mass distributions as a function of redshift do not uniformly trace the all/red/blue galaxy population, ruling out models in which quasar activity is generically associated with star formation or is long lived in 'old' systems.
description: 24 pages, 17 figures. Accepted to ApJ. Substantially revised and expanded to match published version
Star clusters dynamics in a laboratory: electrons in an ultracold plasma
Creators: name: Comparat, D.
name: Vogt, T.
name: Zahzam, N.
name: Mudrich, M.
name: Pillet, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electrons in a spherical ultracold quasineutral plasma at temperature in the Kelvin range can be created by laser excitation of an ultra-cold laser cooled atomic cloud. The dynamical behavior of the electrons is similar to the one described by conventional models of stars clusters dynamics. The single mass component, the spherical symmetry and no stars evolution are here accurate assumptions. The analog of binary stars formations in the cluster case is three-body recombination in Rydberg atoms in the plasma case with the same Heggie's law: soft binaries get softer and hard binaries get harder. We demonstrate that the evolution of such an ultracold plasma is dominated by Fokker-Planck kinetics equations formally identical to the ones controlling the evolution of a stars cluster. The Virial theorem leads to a link between the plasma temperature and the ions and electrons numbers. The Fokker-Planck equation is approximate using gaseous and fluid models. We found that the electrons are in a Kramers-Michie-King's type quasi-equilibrium distribution as stars in clusters. Knowing the electron distribution and using forced fast electron extraction we are able to determine the plasma temperature knowing the trapping potential depth.
description: Submitted to MNRAS
The Value of Information in Salmon Farming: Harvesting the Right Fish to the Right Time
Creators: name: Guttormsen, Atle G.
name: Forsberg, Odd Inge
name: Guttormsen, Atle G.
name: Forsberg, Odd Inge
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Research regarding management practice in fish farming has traditionally focused on two topics: production planning and forecasting of prices. This article combine these two areas of research, and illustrate how information of price patterns can change production plans, and hence increase the value of the farm enterprise. We present a model farm and illustrate with different levels of price information how information of future prices alter the original production plan and hence create extra value for the farmer. The phrasing of the paper and the empirical application are on salmon and salmon farming, but the ideas and general results should be applicable to all farmed species.
Acceleration of the universe in the Einstein frame of a metric-affine f(R) gravity
Creators: name: Poplawski, Nikodem J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that inflation and current cosmic acceleration can be generated by a metric-affine f(R) gravity formulated in the Einstein conformal frame, if the gravitational Lagrangian L(R) contains both positive and negative powers of the curvature scalar R. In this frame, we give the equations for the expansion of the homogeneous and isotropic matter-dominated universe in the case L(R)=R+{R^3}/{β^2}-{α^2}/{3R}, where αand βare constants. We also show that gravitational effects of matter in such a universe at very late stages of its expansion are weakened by a factor that tends to 3/4, and the energy density of matter εscales the same way as in the Λ-CDM model only when κ*ε<
description: 12 pages; published version
Health Benefits and Uncertainty: An Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Risk Presentation on Auction Bids for a Healthful Product
Creators: name: Shaw, W. Douglass
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Silva, Andres
name: Shaw, W. Douglass
name: Nayga, Rodolfo M.
name: Silva, Andres
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: Health risks
subject: experimental economics
subject: auctions
subject: uncertainty

description: Experimental subjects receive a different presentation of a food product's potential health risk reductions if people habitually eat it, and then asked to bid for the product. Results suggest that the bids vary across the groups that receive differing risk information.
Suppressed decay into open charm for the Y(4260) being an hybrid
Creators: name: Kou, E.
name: Pene, O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the Y(4260) resonance recently discovered by the Babar collaboration. We propose the observation of its decay into J/psi pi pi and its non observation into open charm as a consequence of it being a charmonium hybrid state with a magnetic constituent gluon. We prove a selection rule forbidding its decay into two S-wave charmed mesons in any potential model. We suggest a generalisation of the selection rule based only on the heavy quark nature of the charm.
description: 5 pages
Surface Shortwave Net Radiation Estimation from FengYun-3 MERSI Data
Creators: name: Wang, Dongdong
name: Liang, Shunlin
name: He, Tao
name: Cao, Yunfeng
name: Jiang, Bo
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2015
Subjects: shortwave net radiation
MODIS
MERSI
FengYun
SURFRAD
direct estimation
radiative transfer
surface radiation budget

description: The Medium-Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI) is one of the major payloads of China’s second-generation polar-orbiting meteorological satellite, FengYun-3 (FY-3), and it is similar to the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The MERSI data are suitable for mapping terrestrial, atmospheric and oceanographic variables at continental to global scales. This study presents a direct-estimation method to retrieve surface shortwave net radiation (SSNR) data from MERSI top-of-atmosphere (TOA) reflectance and cloud mask products. This study is the first attempt to use the MERSI to retrieve SSNR data. Several critical issues concerning remote sensing of SSNR were investigated, including scale effects in validating SSNR data, impacts of the MERSI calibration update on the estimation of SSNR and the dependency of the retrieval accuracy of SSNR data on view geometry. We also incorporated data from twin MODIS sensors to assess how time and the number of satellite overpasses affect the retrieval of SSNR data. Validation against one-year data over seven Surface Radiation Budget Network (SURFRAD) stations showed that the presented algorithm estimated daily SSNR at the original resolution of the MERSI with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 41.9 W/m2 and a bias of −1.6 W/m2. Aggregated to a spatial resolution of 161 km, the RMSE of MERSI retrievals can be reduced by approximately 10 W/m2. Combined with MODIS data, the RMSE of daily SSNR estimation can be further reduced to 22.2 W/m2. Compared with that of daily SSNR, estimation of monthly SSNR is less affected by the number of satellite overpasses per day. The RMSE of monthly SSNR from a single MERSI sensor is as small as 13.5 W/m2.
Non-local modeling with asymptotic expansion homogenization of random materials
Creators: name: Salah, Sami Ben Elhaj
name: Nait-Ali, Azdine
name: Gueguen, Mikael
name: Nadot-Martin, Carole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The aim of this study is to build a non-local homogenized model for three-dimensional composites with inclusions randomly embedded within a matrix according to a stochastic point process w in a bounded open set associated with a suitable probability space). Both phases were linear elastic. Asymptotic expansion homogenization (AEH) was revisited by taking into account the stochastic parameter representing the inclusion centers distribution. The macroscopic behavior was then studied by combining the variational approach with the mean-ergodicity.
Thermalisation in a Bose-Hubbard dimer with modulated tunneling
Creators: name: Kidd, Ryan A.
name: Safavi-Naini, Arghavan
name: Corney, Joel F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The periodically modulated Bose-Hubbard dimer model offers an experimentally realizable and highly tunable platform for observing the scrambling of quantum information and the apparent thermalisation of isolated, interacting quantum many-body systems. In this work we apply fidelity out-of-time-order correlators to establish connections between thermalisation in Floquet system, the exponential growth of FOTOCs as quantified by a non-zero quantum Lyapunov exponent, and the underlying classical transition from regular to chaotic dynamics in the dimer. Moreover, we demonstrate that a non-zero quantum Lyapunov exponent can also be inferred from measures quantifying the delocalisation of the Floquet modes of the system such as the Shannon entropy, which approaches unity if the system thermalises to the periodic Gibbs ensemble prediction.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Dynamic scheduling policies in a real-time main memory database system
Creators: name: Moghaddas, Maryam
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: In a real-time system, the overhead associated with scheduling algorithms can be a significant factor in the resulting schedule, in both normal and overload situations. This overhead may be due to the frequency of scheduling-algorithm invocations and to the execution time of the algorithm at each invocation. We investigate the trade-off in the dynamic scheduling of real-time tasks between the frequency at which the scheduling algorithm is invoked and the quality of the resulting schedules in terms of deadline compliance. We also look into the size of the task-set to which the scheduling policy is applied at every invocation. Furthermore, we study two overload management policies to improve the quality of resulting schedules in heavy load systems. We perform experimental evaluation of the algorithms in a real-time main memory database system. We propose a batching algorithm which, forms a batch of arrived tasks, then schedules and executes all tasks in a batch before considering other tasks that arrive in the mean time. The evaluation shows that our batching algorithms, also referred to as Batching Earliest Deadline First (BEDF) or Batching Least Slack First (BLSF) with respect to their used scheduling policy, EDF or LSF, outperform their non-batching counterparts under tighter time constraints. In this thesis, we also study the behavioral change of batching algorithms in overload conditions in comparison to normal load. We propose the Task Fusion (TF) overload management policy in order to avoid context switch overhead in heavy load situations. The other policy applied to the algorithms is a Not Tardy (NT) overload management policy, through which we improve the performance of EDF-based algorithms. Experiments show effective performance results due to employment of these overload management policies.
Geschäftsbericht 2019
Creators: name: Museum Für Naturkunde Berlin,
Publisher: name: Museum für Naturkunde Berlin (MfN) - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science
Year: 2020

description: Der Geschäftsbericht 2019 gibt einen Überblick der Fakten zum Museum für Naturkunde wie beispielweise die Anzahl der Mitarbeiterinnen und Mitarbeiter, Publikationen, Budget und Drittmittel, Museumsbesucher und Teilnehmer am Bildungsprogramm, Leihanfragen und Pressespiegel. Zusätzlich werden herausragende Themen für die Weiterentwicklung des Museums im Jahr 2019 und die Relevanz des Museums präsentiert.
EFFECT OF INVESTMENT IN AIR POLLUTION CONTROLS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF TEXAS COTTON GINS: A SIMULATION ANALYSIS
Creators: name: Fuller, Stephen W.
name: Gillis, Melanie
name: Parnell, Calvin
name: Ramaiyer, Anantha
name: Childers, Roy
name: Fuller, Stephen W.
name: Gillis, Melanie
name: Parnell, Calvin
name: Ramaiyer, Anantha
name: Childers, Roy
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: air pollution regulations
subject: cotton gins

description: The Federal Clean Air Act (FCAA) amendments of 1990 strengthened air pollution regulation as it affects stationary sources such as cotton gins. Because investments in air pollution systems are sometimes substantial, a financial burden may be placed on gin plant firms that results in insolvency or failure. The primary objective of this study is to determine likely success/failure rates for Texas gin plants that would result from introducing various levels of air pollution control. Analysis focuses on five representative gin plant firms and three air pollution control systems that offer differing control technology and particulate emission rates. Simulation analysis is carried out with financial models that represent each of the five gin plant firms. The analysis projects many of the small and mid-size gin plant firms in Texas that operate at relatively low volume levels to be financially unsuccessful during the ten year time period ex ante investment in air pollution controls. This suggests continuation of an on-going trend that has involved a one-third reduction in Texas gin plants during the past decade. As expected, the introduction of air pollution control lowers the likelihood of firm success, but, the analysis shows the unfavorable affect of these required investments to be less pronounced among larger gin plant firms and plants that operate at high capacity levels. Results suggest the introduction of air pollution controls will accelerate the trend toward fewer and larger gin plant firms and in order to survive, many Texas firms will find it necessary to merge/consolidate.