cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Куда пропадают одноразовые маски?
Creators: name: Чистякова, Екатерина
name: Виноградова, Ольга
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Борьба с коронавирусом оказывает влияние на рост уровня использования одноразовых средств индивидуальной защиты, что становится угрозой для окружающей среды. В связи с этим в данном исследовании поставлена цель определить отношение общества к переработке и утилизации средств индивидуальной защиты. Рассмотрены
существующие практики, а также изучено, что известно респондентам о переработке и утилизации одноразовых масок.
Figures of merit and constraints from testing General Relativity using the latest cosmological data sets including refined COSMOS 3D weak lensing
Creators: name: Dossett, Jason
name: Moldenhauer, Jacob
name: Ishak, Mustapha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use cosmological constraints from current data sets and a figure of merit (FoM) approach to probe any deviations from general relativity (GR) at cosmological scales. The FoM approach is used to study the constraining power of various combinations of data sets on modified gravity (MG) parameters. We use recently refined HST-COSMOS weak-lensing tomography data, ISW-galaxy cross correlations from 2MASS and SDSS LRG surveys, matter power spectrum from SDSS-DR7 (MPK), WMAP7 temperature and polarization spectra, BAO from 2DF and SDSS-DR7, and Union2 compilation of supernovae, in addition to other bounds from H_0 measurements and BBN. We use 3 parametrizations of MG parameters that enter the perturbed field equations. In order to allow for variations with redshift and scale, the first 2 parametrizations use recently suggested functional forms while the third is based on binning methods. Using the first parametrization, we find that CMB + ISW + WL provides the strongest constraints on MG parameters followed by CMB+WL or CMB+MPK+ISW. Using the second parametrization or binning methods, CMB+MPK+ISW consistently provides some of the strongest constraints. This shows that the constraints are parametrization dependent. We find that adding up current data sets does not improve consistently uncertainties on MG parameters due to tensions between best-fit MG parameters preferred by different data sets. Furthermore, some functional forms imposed by the parametrizations can lead to an exacerbation of these tensions. Next, unlike some studies that used the CFHTLS lensing data, we do not find any deviation from GR using the refined HST-COSMOS data, confirming previous claims in those studies that their result may have been due to some systematic effect. Finally, we find in all cases that the values corresponding to GR are within the 95% confidence level contours for all data set combinations. (abridged)
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, matches version published in PRD
title: Исследование адсорбции ионов кадмия Cd2+ из водных модельных растворов стекловолокнистыми материалами
Creators: name: Яковлев, Владимир
name: Летенкова, Ирина
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Целью исследования является изучение адсорбции ионов кадмия на стекловолокнистых материалах. Адсорбцию ионов кадмия из модельных растворов стекловолокнистыми материалами (базальтовым и стеклянными волокнами) исследовали ионометрическим методом. Рассчитаны значения коэффициента распределения и степени адсорбции. Ультратонкое стекловолокно марки М20-УТВ-0,6 c диаметром 0,6 мкм имеет большие значения коэффициента распределения и степени адсорбции. Показано, что адсорбция ионов кадмия на стекловолокнистых материалах лучше описывается моделью Ленгмюра.
Weak Fano threefolds obtained by blowing-up a space curve and construction of Sarkisov links
Creators: name: Blanc, Jérémy
name: Lamy, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14E05, 14E30, 14E07

description: We characterise smooth curves in P^3 whose blow-up produces a threefold with anticanonical divisor big and nef. These are curves C of degree d and genus g lying on a smooth quartic, such that (i) $4d-30 \le g\le 14$ or $(g,d) = (19,12)$, (ii) there is no 5-secant line, 9-secant conic, nor 13-secant twisted cubic to C. This generalises the classical similar situation for the blow-up of points in P^2. We describe then Sarkisov links constructed from these blow-ups, and are able to prove the existence of Sarkisov links which were previously only known as numerical possibilities.
description: 36 pages, to appear in Proc. London Math. Soc
Comparing Driver and Capacity Characteristics at Intersections With and Without Red Light Cameras
Creators: name: Weldegiorgis, Yohannes
name: Mishra, Sabyasachee
name: Jha, Manoj K.
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2011
Subjects: Transportation
Red Light Camera
Red Light Running
Dilemma Zone
Intersection Capacity
Driver Characteristics
Capacity Characteristics

description: The primary purpose of installing Red Light Cameras (RLCs) is to improve intersection safety by discouraging motorists to cross the intersection when the signal for approaching vehicles turns red. Due to the fear of being fined when crossing an RLC equipped intersection at the onset of the red signal, many approaching vehicles may have a tendency of stopping during the yellow phase. This tendency may impact intersection capacity, which can be significant in congested transportation networks during rush hours, especially when several intersections are equipped with RLCs along a sequence of traffic signals, resulting in a disruption of traffic progression. In order to examine the driver and capacity characteristics at intersections with RLCs and compare them with those without RLCs we develop a binary probit choice model to understand driver's stop and go behavior at the onset of yellow intervals, also known as dilemma zone. Further, in order to capture the impact to intersection capacity at intersections with RLCs we develop a probabilistic computational procedure using data from ten intersection pairs (with and without RLCs) in the Baltimore area. The results indicate that, in general, RLCs reduce the intersection capacity since driver's travel behavior is influenced by the presence of the cameras. Other contributory factors for the so-called capacity reduction, such as driver population (e.g., familiar vs. unfamiliar drivers) and traffic-mix (e.g., trucks vs. passenger cars) characteristics have been left for future works.
A Case for Increased State Role in Transit Planning: Analyzing Land Use and Transit Ridership Connections Using Scenarios
Creators: name: Chakraborty, Arnab
name: Mishra, Sabyasachee
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2011
Subjects: Land Use
Transportation
transit ridership
model
Maryland
statewide
scenarios
transportation planning

description: Land use and neighborhood characteristics have long been linked to transit ridership. Large-scale agencies, such as state departments of transportations, often make decisions that affect land use pattern and transit services. However, the interdependencies between them are seldom harnessed in decision-making. In this article, we develop and apply a transit ridership model based on land use and other neighborhood characteristics for an entire state. We then discuss its implications for regional and state-level decision-making. We chose the state of Maryland as our study area. Using a number of criteria, we subdivided the state into 1151 statewide modeling zones (SMZs) and, for each zone in the base year (2000), developed a set of variables, including developed land under different uses, population and employment densities, free-flow and congested speeds, current transport capacities, and accessibility to different transport modes. We estimated two sets of OLS-regression models for the base year data: one on the statewide SMZs dataset and other on subsets of urban, suburban and rural typologies. We find that characteristics of land use, transit accessibility, income, and density are strongly significant and robust for the statewide and urban areas datasets. We also find that determinants and their coefficients vary across urban, suburban and rural areas suggesting the need for finely tuned policy. Next we used a suite of econometric and land use models to generate two scenarios for the horizon year (2030) – business as usual and high-energy price – and estimated ridership changes between them. We use the resulting scenarios to show how demand could vary by parts of the state and demonstrate the framework’s value in large-scale decision-making.
Spectropolarimetric observations of Be/X-ray binary star X Per
Creators: name: Nikolov, Yanko
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Techniques: Polarimetric
stars: individual: X Per

description: The Be/X-ray binaries consist of a compact object (black hole or neutron star) orbiting a Be-star. X Per consists of an early type Be-star and a slowly spinning neutron star. When unpolarized light
 undergoes scattering (Thompson scattering) in the circumstellar disc around the Be-star, the scattered light is linearly polarized. The degree of polarization depends on the orientation of the disc relative to the line of sight. Spectropolarimetric observations of X Per were secured with the 2-
 Channel-Focal-Reducer Rozhen, attached to the 2.0m RCC telescope of the Bulgarian Rozhen National Astronomical Observatory. The poster presents spectropolarimetric observations of X Per from 2015 November 11 to 2020 August 26.
description: {"references": ["Bagnulo, S., Landofi, M., Landstreet, J.D.., Landi Degl'Innocenti, E., Fossati, L., & Strezik, M. 2009, PASP, 121, 993", "Clarke, D. 2010, Stellar Polarimetry by David Clarke. Wiley, 2010.", "Heiles, C. 2000, AJ, 119, 923.", "Kunjaya C., Hirata R., 1995, PASJ, 47, 589", "Panoglou, D., Borges Fernandes, M., Baade, D., et al. 2019, MNRAS, 486, 5139", "Roche P., et al., 1997, A&A, 322, 139", "Schlegel, D. J., Finkbeiner, D. P., & Davis, M. 1998, ApJ, 500, 525.", "Zamanov, R. K., Stoyanov, K. A., Mart\u00ed, J., et al. 2016, A&A, 593, A97,", "Zamanov, R. K., Stoyanov, K.A., Wolter, U., et al., 2020, MNRAS, 499, 3650"]}
Gradual Rasterization: Redefining the Spatial Resolution in Transport Modeling
Creators: name: Moeckel, Rolf
name: Donnelly, Rick
Publisher: name: Digital Repository at the University of Maryland
Year: 2014
Subjects: Land Use
Transportation
spatial resolution
travel demand model

description: Finding the appropriate spatial resolution in modeling is a serious challenge at the beginning of every modeling project. The paper presents a methodology to adjust the spatial geography to the resolution of a network. Based on the quadtree algorithm, raster cells are generated that are dynamic in size. Smaller raster cells are used in urban areas and larger raster cells are used in low-density, rural areas. Trip tables of a travel demand model for the State of Georgia are disaggregated to this new zone system of raster cells, and assignment results validate significantly better than when using the original zone system.
Structure and consequences of vortex-core states in p-wave superfluids
Creators: name: Moller, G.
name: Cooper, N. R.
name: Gurarie, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is now well established that in two-dimensional chiral p-wave paired superfluids, the vortices carry zero-energy modes which obey non-abelian exchange statistics and can potentially be used for topological quantum computation. In such superfluids there may also exist other excitations below the bulk gap inside the cores of vortices. We study the properties of these subgap states, and argue that their presence affects the topological protection of the zero modes. In conventional superconductors where the chemical potential is of the order of the Fermi energy of a non-interacting Fermi gas, there is a large number of subgap states and the mini-gap towards the lowest of these states is a small fraction of the Fermi energy. It is therefore difficult to cool the system to below the mini-gap and at experimentally available temperatures, transitions between the subgap states, including the zero modes, will occur and can alter the quantum states of the zero-modes. We show that compound qubits involving the zero-modes and the parity of the occupation number of the subgap states on each vortex are still well defined. However, practical schemes taking into account all subgap states would nonetheless be difficult to achieve. We propose to avoid this difficulty by working in the regime of small chemical potential mu, near the transition to a strongly paired phase, where the number of subgap states is reduced. We develop the theory to describe this regime of strong pairing interactions and we show how the subgap states are ultimately absorbed into the bulk gap. Since the bulk gap vanishes as mu -> 0 there is an optimum value mu_c which maximises the combined gap. We propose cold atomic gases as candidate systems where the regime of strong interactions can be explored, and explicitly evaluate mu_c in a Feshbach resonant K-40 gas.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures; v2: main text as published version, additional detail included as appendices
Analysis of the climate, land, energy and waters system: A case study of Zambia
Creators: name: Kamamba, Muyaka
name: Nakasamu, Jane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cilmate, Land, Energy and Water Systems

description: Our poster highlights the challenges faced by Zambia, a sub-saharan landlocked country with a population of 19 million and an area of about 752,614 km², in addressing the losses of $5bn caused by climate change. To overcome the challenges of water, energy and food insecurity, we aimed to develop a cost-effective and climate-smart approach that meets the energy, food, and water demand in Zambia in accordance with the goals set forth in the Zambia National Climate Change Policy 2017. We employed Osemosys and created a CLEWs models, an optimisation model for the water, energy and land system. We considered two extremes of potential climate futures - BAU and IPCC's B1 and A2 scenarios. Our study highlights the potential impacts of climate change on Water, Land and Energy and provides valuable insights for incentivising and scaling up climate-smart nature-based solutions for agriculture, water and energy systems. In future work, an integrated CLEWs research and model development for Zambia will be conducted using local data and involving key stakeholders from government and private sectors, and the output will comprise a project report and an integrated CLEWs model.
description: We would like to express my sincere gratitude to the World Bank Group for funding our attendance at the in-person training program in Namibia for the CLEWs model. The training equipped us with valuable knowledge and skills to develop an integrated approach to addressing the challenges of water, energy and food insecurity in the face of climate change. The support provided by the World Bank Group was crucial in enabling us to gain this important training and contribute to the development of sustainable solutions in Zambia and our field of work. Thank you again for your generosity and investment in our professional development.
description: {"references": ["Lucy Allington, Carla Cannone, Ioannis Pappis et al. Selected 'Starter Kit' energy system modelling data for Zambia (#CCG), 04 May 2021, PREPRINT (Version 2) available at Research Square https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-480042/v2", "Brinkerink M, Gallach\u00f3ir B, Deane P. Building and Calibrating a Country-Level Detailed Global Electricity Model Based on Public Data. Energy Strateg Rev. 2021 Jan 1;33:100592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100592"]}
ความพึงพอใจต่อการบริหารจัดการหลักสูตรบัญชีบัณฑิตของนักศึกษา สาขาวิชาการบัญชี คณะวิทยาการจัดการ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏมหาสารคาม
Creators: name: อมร โททำ
Publisher: name: โรงพิมพ์มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏมหาสารคาม
Year: 2561
Subjects: ความพึงพอใจ
การบริหารจัดการหลักสูตรบัญชีบัณฑิต

description: วารสารวิชาการ คณะวิทยาการจัดการ, 3, 5, 39-55
Genomics tool for monitoring engineered stormwater treatment wetlands
Creators: name: LeNoble, Jesisca
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: In the context of this research, stormwater consists of precipitation that falls onto impervious surfaces and fails to infiltrate into the ground. Traditional stormwater management involves diverting stormwater into storm sewers followed by discharge to a watercourse. However, in Vancouver and elsewhere, there is a push from governments for a more integrated approach which makes use of low impact design (LIDs) features. For this reason, engineered wetlands, which are designed to optimize natural processes for water diversion and treatment, are becoming a more common and desirable treatment option for stormwater. However, there are barriers for the implementation of engineered wetlands and other LIDs because traditional water quality monitoring often does not provide a reliable enough validation that the wetlands are meeting water treatment objectives, thus leading to a lack of accountability for designers and operators. In this research, a genomics‐based approach was applied at an operating stormwater treatment wetland (the Lost Lagoon wetland located in Stanley Park, Vancouver British Columbia, Canada), with the goal to provide proof of concept data to inform the development of a genomics‐based tool for stormwater treatment wetlands and other LIDs. In addition, a laboratory based stormwater dosing study was performed to allow for cross comparison of results. Microbial communities and functional genes with known adaptations for the contaminants found in stormwater were correlated with contaminant levels to increase the reliability and certainty of findings. Results from DNA sequencing were compared using samples extracted from the Lost Lagoon wetland and several outcomes suggested that bacteria may correlate with the performance of treatment wetlands. This was generally supported further using results from samples extracted during the stormwater dosing study. Cost estimates performed for various treatment wetland monitoring scenarios suggested that in the future, a genomics‐based monitoring approach may supply more accurate treatment performance data at a lower overall cost and effort level than traditional stormwater treatment monitoring. Proof of concept, for the application of genomics‐based monitoring of stormwater treatment wetlands, was provided. It was demonstrated that genomics could supply benefits for future monitoring endeavors and that additional investigation into this field may be worthwhile.
title: Мера TF-IDF  и верификация ключевых сочетаний слов для безызбыточной передачи единицы знаний
Creators: name: Алентьев, Александр
name: Кузнецов, Павел
name: Михайлов, Дмитрий
Publisher: name: Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого (НовГУ)
Year: 2021

description: Работа посвящена проблеме единства и целостности образа смыслового эталона, выделяемого по фразам для текста в составе тематической коллекции. Смысловым эталоном здесь является набор единиц текста и их связей, минимально необходимый и достаточный для представления отождествляемой с текстом единицы знаний. В работе предлагается метод оценки ключевых сочетаний слов из задающих смысловые образы фраз
тематического текста и выделяемых по значению TF-IDF отдельных слов на предмет отнесения к единому образу текста.
Annihilation of $\bar p+p\to e^++e^-+ π^0$ and $\bar p+p\to γ+ π^0$ through $ω$-meson intermediate state
Creators: name: Kuraev, E. A.
name: Bystritskiy, Yu. M.
name: Bytev, V. V.
name: Dbeyssi, A.
name: Tomasi-Gustafsson, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The s-channel annihilation of proton and antiproton into a neutral pion and a real or virtual photon followed by lepton pair emission is studied. Such mechanism is expected to play a role at moderate values of the total energy $\sqrt{s}$, when the pion is emitted around $90^{\circ}$ in the center of mass. A fair comparison with the existing data is obtained taking into account scattering and annihilation channels. The cross section is calculated and numerical results are given in the kinematical range accessible in the PANDA experiment at FAIR.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures- Given more details on the model- final version accepted for publication
Analysis of the climate, land, energy and waters system: A case study of Zambia
Creators: name: Kamamba, Muyaka
name: Nakasamu, Jane
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Cilmate, Land, Energy and Water Systems

description: Our presentation highlights the challenges faced by Zambia, a sub-saharan landlocked country with a population of 19 million and an area of about 752,614 km², in addressing the losses of $5bn caused by climate change. To overcome the challenges of water, energy and food insecurity, we aimed to develop a cost-effective and climate-smart approach that meets the energy, food, and water demand in Zambia in accordance with the goals set forth in the Zambia National Climate Change Policy 2017. We employed Osemosys and created a CLEWs models, an optimisation model for the water, energy and land system. We considered two extremes of potential climate futures - BAU and IPCC's B1 and A2 scenarios. Our study highlights the potential impacts of climate change on Water, Land and Energy and provides valuable insights for incentivising and scaling up climate-smart nature-based solutions for agriculture, water and energy systems. In future work, an integrated CLEWs research and model development for Zambia will be conducted using local data and involving key stakeholders from government and private sectors, and the output will comprise a project report and an integrated CLEWs model.
description: We would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere gratitude to the World Bank Group for funding our attendance at the in-person training program in Namibia for the CLEWs model, which was conducted by Kane Alexander and Taco Niet. Their expertise and dedication to training was instrumental in equipping us with valuable knowledge and skills to develop an integrated approach to addressing the challenges of water, energy, and food insecurity in the face of climate change. I am grateful for their guidance and support, which have been crucial in enabling us to gain this important training and contribute to the development of sustainable solutions in Zambia and our field of work. Once again, we would like to thank the World Bank Group, Kane Alexander and Taco Niet for their generous support and investment in my professional development.
description: {"references": ["Lucy Allington, Carla Cannone, Ioannis Pappis et al. Selected 'Starter Kit' energy system modelling data for Zambia (#CCG), 04 May 2021, PREPRINT (Version 2) available at Research Square https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-480042/v2", "Brinkerink M, Gallach\u00f3ir B, Deane P. Building and Calibrating a Country-Level Detailed Global Electricity Model Based on Public Data. Energy Strateg Rev. 2021 Jan 1;33:100592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2020.100592"]}
Aharonov-Bohm oscillations in the local density of topological surface states
Creators: name: Fu, Zhen-Guo
name: Zhang, Ping
name: Li, Shu-Shen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study Aharonov-Bohm (AB) oscillations in the local density of states (LDOS) for topological insulator (TI) and conventional metal Au(111) surfaces with spin-orbit interaction, which can be probed by spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy. We show that the spacial AB oscillatory period in the total LDOS is a flux quantum $Φ_{0}\mathtt{=}hc/e$ (weak localization) in both systems. Remarkably, an analogous weak antilocalization with $Φ_{0}/2$ periodic spacial AB oscillations in spin components of LDOS for TI surface is observed, while it is absent in Au(111).
description: 4 APL pages, 3 figures
A high-order local discontinuous Galerkin method for the $p$-Laplace equation
Creators: name: Wu, Yue
name: Xu, Yan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N30, 65N15, 65N22, 65N12

description: We study the high-order local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for the $p$-Laplace equation. We reformulate our spatial discretization as an equivalent convex minimization problem and use a preconditioned gradient descent method as the nonlinear solver. For the first time, a weighted preconditioner that provides $hk$-independent convergence is applied in the LDG setting. For polynomial order $k \geqslant 1$, we rigorously establish the solvability of our scheme and provide a priori error estimates in a mesh-dependent energy norm. Our error estimates are under a different and non-equivalent distance from existing LDG results. For arbitrarily high-order polynomials under the assumption that the exact solution has enough regularity, the error estimates demonstrate the potential for high-order accuracy. Our numerical results exhibit the desired convergence speed facilitated by the preconditioner, and we observe best convergence rates in gradient variables in alignment with linear LDG, and optimal rates in the primal variable when $1 < p \leqslant 2$.
description: 36 pages, 36 figures
GMOR-like relation in IR-conformal gauge theories
Creators: name: Patella, Agostino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalization of the GMOR relation to the case of infrared-conformal gauge theories is discussed. The starting point is the chiral Ward identity connecting the isovector pseudoscalar susceptibility to the chiral condensate, in a mass-deformed theory. A renormalization-group analysis shows that the pseudoscalar susceptibility is not saturated by the lightest state, but a contribution from the continuum part of the spectrum survives in the chiral limit. The computation also shows how infrared-conformal gauge theories behave differently, depending on whether the anomalous dimension of the chiral condensate be smaller or larger than 1.
description: 28 pages, 1 PDF figure
Hidden possibilities in controlling optical soliton in fiber guided doped resonant medium
Creators: name: Kundu, Anjan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fiber guided optical signal propagating in a Erbium doped nonlinear resonant medium is known to produce cleaner solitonic pulse, described by the self induced transparency (SIT) coupled to nonlinear Schroedinger equation. We discover two new possibilities hidden in its integrable structure, for amplification and control of the optical pulse. Using the variable soliton width permitted by the integrability of this model, the broadening pulse can be regulated by adjusting the initial population inversion of the opant atoms. The effect can be enhanced by another innovative application of its constrained integrable hierarchy, proposing a system of multiple SIT media. These theoretical predictions are workable analytically in details, correcting the limitation of a well known result.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, latex
The influence of the immune system on acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression
Creators: name: Fidanza, Mario
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2019

description: The immune system has been proposed to have an impact on the etiology of B-cell ALL; however, a mechanistic explanation of this influence remains elusive. Epidemiological studies have uncovered a paradox, such that surrogates of infection exposure have consistently been associated with reduced ALL risk, while documented infections have a more variable influence, with both positive and negative risk associations being uncovered. Despite these contradictory findings, timing of infection exposure has been identified as a critical variable. A mechanistic explanation for the variable influences of infection or the importance of timing remain poorly defined. In this study, I use the Eµ-RET and E2A-PBX1 mouse models to assess how the basal and stimulated immune system is capable of influencing disease progression. My results indicate that in the absence of infection, resting IFN-γ is capable of influencing disease progression in the Eμ-RET mouse. By modulating SOCS-1 expression levels, IFN-γ restricted the IL-7-driven proliferation of leukemia-initiating cells (LICs) and caused a significant delay in disease progression. Furthermore, TLR ligand-mediated immune modulation inhibited disease progression by inducing the depletion of LICs through a mechanism that involved the direct activity of type-1 and type-2 interferon. Importantly, the relevance of this mechanism in humans was validated through the use of both human immune-effector and leukemia cells. Finally, I demonstrate that quantitative and qualitative differences in neonatal immune responses, in particular the increased capacity for IL-17A production by γδ T-cells, confer significant infection-induced protection from ALL progression in neonatal mice. Mechanistically these findings represent several firsts in the investigation of how the immune system influences B-cell ALL progression. They identify both type-1 and type-2 IFN and IL-17A as important inhibitory factors, and demonstrate the significant impact of immune modulation during the pre-leukemic phase on subsequent disease risk and progression. Furthermore, the results presented here provide a mechanistic explanation for the importance of timing in the association between infection exposure and ALL risk. Collectively, my results indicate that in addition to the educational influence suggested by the “delayed infection” hypothesis, early-life infection exposure may also have an active inhibitory impact on the progression of B-cell ALL.
A genomic snapshot of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Colombia
Creators: name: Guevara, Paula Diaz
name: Maes, Mailis
name: Thanh, Duy Pham
name: Duarte, Carolina
name: Rodriguez, Edna Catering
name: Montaño, Lucy Angeline
name: Dan, Thanh Ho Ngoc
name: Nguyen, To Nguyen Thi
name: Carey, Megan E.
name: Campos, Josefina
name: Chinen, Isabel
name: Perez, Enrique
name: Baker, Stephen
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Research Article
subject: Medicine and health sciences
subject: Biology and life sciences
subject: People and places
subject: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Funder: Oak Foundation; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100001275
description: Funder: National Institute for Health Research; funder-id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000272
description: Funder: Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
description: Little is known about the genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) circulating in Latin America. It has been observed that typhoid fever is still endemic in this part of the world; however, a lack of standardized blood culture surveillance across Latin American makes estimating the true disease burden problematic. The Colombian National Health Service established a surveillance system for tracking bacterial pathogens, including S. Typhi, in 2006. Here, we characterized 77 representative Colombian S. Typhi isolates collected between 1997 and 2018 using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE; the accepted genotyping method in Latin America) and whole genome sequencing (WGS). We found that the main S. Typhi clades circulating in Colombia were clades 2.5 and 3.5. Notably, the sequenced S. Typhi isolates from Colombia were closely related in a global phylogeny. Consequently, these data suggest that these are endemic clades circulating in Colombia. We found that AMR in S. Typhi in Colombia was uncommon, with a small subset of organisms exhibiting mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. This is the first time that S. Typhi isolated from Colombia have been characterized by WGS, and after comparing these data with those generated using PFGE, we conclude that PFGE is unsuitable for tracking S. Typhi clones and mapping transmission. The genetic diversity of pathogens such as S. Typhi is limited in Latin America and should be targeted for future surveillance studies incorporating WGS.
On-the-fly Uniformization of Time-Inhomogeneous Infinite Markov Population Models
Creators: name: Andreychenko, Aleksandr
name: Crouzen, Pepijn
name: Mikeev, Linar
name: Wolf, Verena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: J.3, G.3

description: This paper presents an on-the-fly uniformization technique for the analysis of time-inhomogeneous Markov population models. This technique is applicable to models with infinite state spaces and unbounded rates, which are, for instance, encountered in the realm of biochemical reaction networks. To deal with the infinite state space, we dynamically maintain a finite subset of the states where most of the probability mass is located. This approach yields an underapproximation of the original, infinite system. We present experimental results to show the applicability of our technique.
An Algebraic Jost-Schroer Theorem for Massive Theories
Creators: name: Mund, Jens
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81T05

description: We consider a purely massive local relativistic quantum theory specified by a family of von Neumann algebras indexed by the space-time regions. We assume that, affiliated with the algebras associated to wedge regions, there are operators which create only single particle states from the vacuum (so-called polarization-free generators) and are well-behaved under the space-time translations. Strengthening a result of Borchers, Buchholz and Schroer, we show that then the theory is unitarily equivalent to that of a free field for the corresponding particle type. We admit particles with any spin and localization of the charge in space-like cones, thereby covering the case of string-localized covariant quantum fields.
description: 21 pages. The second (and crucial) hypothesis of the theorem has been relaxed and clarified, thanks to the stimulus of an anonymous referee. (The polarization-free generators associated with wedge regions, which always exist, are assumed to be temperate.)
In Vivo Cell Tracking Using PET: Opportunities and Challenges for Clinical Translation in Oncology.
Creators: name: Lechermann, Laura M
name: Lau, Doreen
name: Attili, Bala
name: Aloj, Luigi
name: Gallagher, Ferdia A
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Immunotherapy
Cell therapy
Pet/ct
Reporter Genes
Cell Tracking
Pet/mri
Immuno-pet
Direct Cell Labelling

description: Cell therapy is a rapidly evolving field involving a wide spectrum of therapeutic cells for personalised medicine in cancer. In vivo imaging and tracking of cells can provide useful information for improving the accuracy, efficacy, and safety of cell therapies. This review focuses on radiopharmaceuticals for the non-invasive detection and tracking of therapeutic cells using positron emission tomography (PET). A range of approaches for imaging therapeutic cells is discussed: Direct ex vivo labelling of cells, in vivo indirect labelling of cells by utilising gene reporters, and detection of specific antigens expressed on the target cells using antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals (immuno-PET). This review examines the evaluation of PET imaging methods for therapeutic cell tracking in preclinical cancer models, their role in the translation into patients, first-in-human studies, as well as the translational challenges involved and how they can be overcome.
Ground state blind quantum computation on AKLT state
Creators: name: Morimae, Tomoyuki
name: Dunjko, Vedran
name: Kashefi, Elham
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The blind quantum computing protocols (BQC) enable a classical client with limited quantum technology to delegate a computation to the quantum server(s) in such a way that the privacy of the computation is preserved. Here we present a new scheme for BQC that uses the concept of the measurement based quantum computing with the novel resource state of Affleck-Kennedy-Lieb-Tasaki (AKLT) chains leading to more robust computation. AKLT states are physically motivated resource as they are gapped ground states of a physically natural Hamiltonian in condensed matter physics. Our BQC protocol can enjoy the advantages of AKLT resource states, such as the cooling preparation of the resource state, the energy-gap protection of the quantum computation, and the simple and efficient preparation of the resource state in linear optics with biphotons.
description: 26 pages, 6 figures
Cross-Neutralisation of Novel Bombali Virus by Ebola Virus Antibodies and Convalescent Plasma Using an Optimised Pseudotype-Based Neutralisation Assay.
Creators: name: Bentley, Emma M
name: Richardson, Samuel
name: Derveni, Mariliza
name: Rijal, Pramila
name: Townsend, Alain R
name: Heeney, Jonathan L
name: Mattiuzzo, Giada
name: Wright, Edward
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Ebolavirus
Cross-neutralisation
Pseudotyped Virus

description: Ebolaviruses continue to pose a significant outbreak threat, and while Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific vaccines and antivirals have been licensed, efforts to develop candidates offering broad species cross-protection are continuing. The use of pseudotyped virus in place of live virus is recognised as an alternative, safer, high-throughput platform to evaluate anti-ebolavirus antibodies towards their development, yet it requires optimisation. Here, we have shown that the target cell line impacts neutralisation assay results and cannot be selected purely based on permissiveness. In expanding the platform to incorporate each of the ebolavirus species envelope glycoprotein, allowing a comprehensive assessment of cross-neutralisation, we found that the recently discovered Bombali virus has a point mutation in the receptor-binding domain which prevents entry into a hamster cell line and, importantly, shows that this virus can be cross-neutralised by EBOV antibodies and convalescent plasma.
Simplifying modular lattices by removing doubly irreducible elements
Creators: name: Kohonen, Jukka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.2.1; G.2.2
subject: 06C05 (Primary) 05C30, 20B25 (Secondary)

description: Lattices are simplified by removing some of their doubly irreducible elements, resulting in smaller lattices called racks. All vertically indecomposable modular racks of $n \le 40$ elements are listed, and the numbers of all modular lattices of $n \le 40$ elements are obtained by Pólya counting. SageMath code is provided that allows easy access both to the listed racks, and to the modular lattices that were not listed. More than 3000-fold savings in storage space are demonstrated.
description: 16 pages
Conservation law for distributed entanglement of formation and quantum discord
Creators: name: Fanchini, F. F.
name: Cornelio, M. F.
name: de Oliveira, M. C.
name: Caldeira, A. O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a direct relation, based upon a monogamic principle, between entanglement of formation (EOF) and quantum discord (QD), showing how they are distributed in an arbitrary tripartite pure system. By extending it to a paradigmatic situation of a bipartite system coupled to an environment, we demonstrate that the EOF and the QD obey a conservation relation. By means of this relation we show that in the deterministic quantum computer with one pure qubit the protocol has the ability to rearrange the EOF and the QD, which implies that quantum computation can be understood on a different basis as a coherent dynamics where quantum correlations are distributed between the qubits of the computer. Furthermore, for a tripartite mixed state we show that the balance between distributed EOF and QD results in a stronger version of the strong subadditivity of entropy.
description: Published version
Iterative character constructions for algebra groups
Creators: name: Marberg, Eric
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct a family of orthogonal characters of an algebra group which decompose the supercharacters defined by Diaconis and Isaacs. Like supercharacters, these characters are given by nonnegative integer linear combinations of Kirillov functions and are induced from linear supercharacters of certain algebra subgroups. We derive a formula for these characters and give a condition for their irreducibility; generalizing a theorem of Otto, we also show that each such character has the same number of Kirillov functions and irreducible characters as constituents. In proving these results, we observe as an application how a recent computation by Evseev implies that every irreducible character of the unitriangular group $\UT_n(q)$ of unipotent $n\times n$ upper triangular matrices over a finite field with $q$ elements is a Kirillov function if and only if $n\leq 12$. As a further application, we discuss some more general conditions showing that Kirillov functions are characters, and describe some results related to counting the irreducible constituents of supercharacters.
description: 22 pages
Anhedonia in Semantic Dementia-Exploring Right Hemispheric Contributions to the Loss of Pleasure.
Creators: name: Shaw, Siobhán R
name: El-Omar, Hashim
name: Ramanan, Siddharth
name: Piguet, Olivier
name: Ahmed, Rebekah M
name: Whitton, Alexis E
name: Irish, Muireann
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Depression
Striatum
Alzheimer’s disease
Motivation
Frontotemporal Dementia
Neuroimaging

description: Semantic dementia (SD) is a younger-onset neurodegenerative disease characterised by progressive deterioration of the semantic knowledge base in the context of predominantly left-lateralised anterior temporal lobe (ATL) atrophy. Mounting evidence indicates the emergence of florid socioemotional changes in SD as atrophy encroaches into right temporal regions. How lateralisation of temporal lobe pathology impacts the hedonic experience in SD remains largely unknown yet has important implications for understanding socioemotional and functional impairments in this syndrome. Here, we explored how lateralisation of temporal lobe atrophy impacts anhedonia severity on the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale in 28 SD patients presenting with variable right- (SD-R) and left-predominant (SD-L) profiles of temporal lobe atrophy compared to that of 30 participants with Alzheimer's disease and 30 healthy older Control participants. Relative to Controls, SD-R but not SD-L or Alzheimer's patients showed clinically significant anhedonia, representing a clear departure from premorbid levels. Overall, anhedonia was more strongly associated with functional impairment on the Frontotemporal Dementia Functional Rating Scale and motivational changes on the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory in SD than in Alzheimer's disease patients. Voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed that anhedonia severity correlated with reduced grey matter intensity in a restricted set of regions centred on right orbitofrontal and temporopolar cortices, bilateral posterior temporal cortices, as well as the anterior cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus, bilaterally. Finally, regression and mediation analysis indicated a unique role for right temporal lobe structures in modulating anhedonia in SD. Our findings suggest that degeneration of predominantly right-hemisphere structures deleteriously impacts the capacity to experience pleasure in SD. These findings offer important insights into hemispheric lateralisation of motivational disturbances in dementia and suggest that anhedonia may emerge at different timescales in the SD disease trajectory depending on the integrity of the right hemisphere.
Diversity and Paleodemography of the Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), a Saharan Antelope on the Verge of Extinction.
Creators: name: Hempel, Elisabeth
name: Westbury, Michael V
name: Grau, José H
name: Trinks, Alexandra
name: Paijmans, Johanna L A
name: Kliver, Sergei
name: Barlow, Axel
name: Mayer, Frieder
name: Müller, Johannes
name: Chen, Lei
name: Koepfli, Klaus-Peter
name: Hofreiter, Michael
name: Bibi, Faysal
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2021
Subjects: Conservation
Critically endangered
Antelope
Genome Assembly
Museum Collections
Psmc
Addax Nasomaculatus
Bovid
Archival Dna

description: Since the 19th century, the addax (Addax nasomaculatus) has lost approximately 99% of its former range. Along with its close relatives, the blue antelope (Hippotragus leucophaeus) and the scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah), the addax may be the third large African mammal species to go extinct in the wild in recent times. Despite this, the evolutionary history of this critically endangered species remains virtually unknown. To gain insight into the population history of the addax, we used hybridization capture to generate ten complete mitochondrial genomes from historical samples and assembled a nuclear genome. We found that both mitochondrial and nuclear diversity are low compared to other African bovids. Analysis of mitochondrial genomes revealed a most recent common ancestor ~32 kya (95% CI 11-58 kya) and weak phylogeographic structure, indicating that the addax likely existed as a highly mobile, panmictic population across its Sahelo-Saharan range in the past. PSMC analysis revealed a continuous decline in effective population size since ~2 Ma, with short intermediate increases at ~500 and ~44 kya. Our results suggest that the addax went through a major bottleneck in the Late Pleistocene, remaining at low population size prior to the human disturbances of the last few centuries.