cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dry-Mass Sensing for Microfluidics
Creators: name: Müller, T.
name: White, D. A.
name: Knowles, T. P. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an approach for interfacing an electromechanical sensor with a microfluidic device for the accurate quantification of the dry mass of analytes within microchannels. We show that depositing solutes onto the active surface of a quartz crystal microbalance by means of an on-chip microfluidic spray nozzle and subsequent solvent removal provides the basis for the real-time determination of dry solute mass. Moreover, this detection scheme does not suffer from the decrease in the sensor quality factor and the viscous drag present if the measurement is performed in a liquid environment, yet allows solutions to be analysed. We demonstrate the sensitivity and reliability of our approach by controlled deposition of nanogram levels of salt and protein from a micrometer-sized channel.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Atomic oxygen abundance toward Sagittarius B2
Creators: name: Lis, Dariusz C.
name: Goldsmith, Paul F.
name: Güsten, Rolf
name: Schilke, Peter
name: Wiesemeyer, Helmut
name: Seo, Youngmin
name: Werner, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A substantial fraction of oxygen in diffuse clouds is unaccounted for by observations and is postulated to be in an unknown refractory form, referred to as unidentified depleted oxygen (UDO), which, depending on the local gas density, may contribute up to 50% of the total oxygen content. Previous Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) observations suggest that a significant fraction of oxygen in even denser, translucent clouds may be in atomic form. We have analyzed velocity-resolved archival SOFIA observations of the 63 $μ$m fine-structure [O I] transition toward the high-mass star-forming region Sgr B2(M) in the Central Molecular Zone. The foreground spiral-arm clouds as well as the extended Sgr B2 envelope between the Sun and the background dust continuum source produce multiple [O i] absorption components, spectrally separated in velocity space. The gas-phase atomic oxygen column density in foreground clouds toward Sgr B2 is well correlated with the total hydrogen column density, with an average atomic oxygen abundance of $(2.51 \pm 0.69) \times 10^{-4}$ with respect to hydrogen nuclei. This value is in good agreement with the earlier ISO measurements on the same line of sight, and is about 35% lower than the total interstellar medium oxygen abundance in the low-density warm gas, as measured in the UV. We find no evidence that a significant fraction of the oxygen on the line of sight toward Sagittarius B2 is in the form of UDO.
description: 7 pages, 7 figures, and 2 appendices. Astronomy & Astrophysics Letters, in press
Multi-partite quantum nonlocality and Bell-type inequalities in an infinite-order quantum phase transition of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ chain
Creators: name: Sun, Zhao-Yu
name: Liu, Shuang
name: Huang, Hai-Lin
name: Zhang, Duo
name: Wu, Yu-Yin
name: Xu, Jian
name: Zhan, Bi-Fu
name: Cheng, Hong-Guang
name: Duan, Cheng-Bo
name: Wang, Bo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, combined with infinite time-evolving block decimation (iTEBD) algorithm and Bell-type inequalities, we investigate multi-partite quantum nonlocality in an infinite one-dimensional quantum spin-1/2 XXZ system. High hierarchy of multipartite nonlocality can be observed in the gapless phase of the model, meanwhile only the lowest hierarchy of multipartite nonlocality is observed in most regions of the gapped anti-ferromagnetic phase. Thereby, Bell-type inequalities disclose different correlation structures in the two phases of the system. Furthermore, at the infinite-order QPT (or Kosterlitz-Thouless QPT) point of the model, the correlation measures always show a local minimum value, regardless of the length of the subchains. It indicates that relatively low hierarchy of multi-partite nonlocality would be observed at the infinite-order QPT point in a Bell-type experiment. The result is in contrast to the existing results of the second-order QPT in the one-dimensional XY model, where multi-partite nonlocality with the hierarchy has been observed. Thus, multi-partite nonlocality provides us an alternative perspective to distinguish between these two kinds of QPTs. Reliable clues for the existence of tripartite quantum entanglement have also been found.
Sobre Justicia Ambiental Y Conflictos Ambientales
Creators: name: González Malagón, Victoria Eugenia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: El debate acerca de la destrucción y la explotación del medio ambiente es uno de los más importantes en la actualidad; con la llegada de la globalización y el neoliberalismo, nuevos intereses de carácter económico se han involucrado en el enriquecimiento a través de la extracción de las materias primas y el uso de los suelos de los países periféricos. Este fenómeno tiene como consecuencia la apertura de brechas de desigualdad económica y social, además de un evidente deterioro del medio ambiente (Victoria, 2020:10). Sumado a esto, los Estados han jugado un papel de complicidad, facilitando y haciendo la vista gorda de los atropellos que sufren las poblaciones rurales. A pesar de esto, desde el derecho se ha generado una contranarrativa en defensa de los territorios y de las comunidades que los habitan, creando instituciones internacionales que buscan combatir esta problemática.
Additional file 1 of Development of a qualitative data analysis codebook informed by the i-PARIHS framework
Creators: name: Ritchie, Mona J.
name: Drummond, Karen L.
name: Smith, Brandy N.
name: Sullivan, Jennifer L.
name: Landes, Sara J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Literature that informed development of the i-PARHIS codebook. Literature WG members reviewed to identify and define subcodes for i-PARIHS construct characteristics.
Additional file 2 of Development of a qualitative data analysis codebook informed by the i-PARIHS framework
Creators: name: Ritchie, Mona J.
name: Drummond, Karen L.
name: Smith, Brandy N.
name: Sullivan, Jennifer L.
name: Landes, Sara J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2. A qualitative codebook informed by the i-PARIHS framework. Qualitative codebook, informed by the i-PARIHS framework, that includes sub-codes and definitions for each of the framework’s constructs and instructions for using the codebook.
Secure and Trustworthy NFC-based Sensor Readout for Battery Packs in Battery Management Systems
Creators: name: Basic, Fikret
name: Gaertner, Martin
name: Steger, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Wireless Battery Management Systems (BMS) are increasingly being considered for modern applications. The ever-increasing complexity and production costs of BMS modules and wired connections resulted in a necessity for new ideas and approaches. Despite this growing trend, there is a lack of generic solutions focused on battery cells' sensor readout, where wireless communication allows for a more flexible and cost-efficient sensor installation in battery packs. Many wireless technologies, such as those that use the 2.4 GHz frequency band, suffer from interference and other limitations. In this article, we present an alternative approach to communication in BMS that relies on the use of Near Field Communication (NFC) technology for battery sensor readouts. As an answer to the rising concern over the counterfeited battery packs, we consider an authentication schema for battery pack validation. We further consider security measures for the processed and stored BMS status data. To show that a general BMS application can make use of our design, we implement a BMS demonstrator using the targeted components. We further test the demonstrator on the technical and functional level, by also performing evaluation on its performance, energy usage, and a security threat model.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2308.09366
Additional file 1: of Differential relationship between waist circumference and mortality according to age, sex, and body mass index in Korean with age of 30â  90 years; a nationwide health insurance database study
Creators: name: Geum Cho
name: Yoo, Hye
name: Hwang, Soon
name: Choi, Jun
name: Kyu-Min Lee
name: Choi, Kyung
name: Baik, Sei
name: Han, Sung
name: Kim, Tak
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Table S1. Baseline characteristics of the study subjects according to WC groups. Table S2. Baseline characteristics of the study subjects according to BMI groups. Table S3. Baseline characteristics of the study subjects according to age groups. Table S4. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for mortality according to WC categories stratified by BMI categories and age groups. (DOC 239 kb)
Identity Prove Limited Information Governance Policy against cyber security persistent threats
Creators: name: Kruti, Antigoni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2.2; I.2.7
subject: 14J60 (Primary) 14F05, 14J26 (Secondary)

description: Identity Prove Limited (IDPL) is a long-founded online identity verification software provider of citizens for Banking services. IDPL applies an information governance based on the ISO/IEC 27001:2022 standard of security and within GDPR to accomplish face verification. The company has a good reputation for biometric authentication services that allow a secure, simple, sustainable online access for financial services providers on delivering security device-independent, ensuring reassurance and convenience to users. The company should ensure a right person, a real person, authenticating in real-time. The IDPL company must assume sustainable security models for the duration of day-to-day operations does not involve human intervention. The IDPL Security Operations Centre (ISOC) should continuously provide the optimum scale of system performance, utilize security procedures against new threats, ensure the optimum scale of system performance capabilities. The aim of information governance policy is to declare and to demonstrate the performance of the company on effectively and efficiently way in front of risk detection and vulnerability mitigation. The scope of this policy involves all management systems and stakeholders details, include unique identifiers of submitter and receiver. The company has in-house systems focused on all potential risks to client data and its information system assets.
The sculpting of rectangular and jet-like morphologies in supernova remnants by anisotropic equatorially-confined progenitor stellar winds
Creators: name: Velazquez, P. F.
name: Meyer, D. M. -A.
name: Chiotellis, A.
name: Cruz-Alvarez, A. E.
name: Schneiter, E. M.
name: Toledo-Roy, J. C.
name: Reynoso, E. M.
name: Esquivel, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Thermonuclear and core-collapse supernova remnants (SNRs) are the nebular leftovers of defunct stars. Their morphology and emission properties provide insights into the evolutionary history of the progenitor star. But while some SNRs are spherical, as expected from a point-like explosion expanding into a roughly uniform medium, many others exhibit complex non-spherical morphologies which are often not easily explained. In this work, we use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to show that rectangular and jet-like morphologies can be explained by supernovae (SNe), either type Ia or type II, expanding within anisotropic, bipolar stellar wind bubbles driven by the progenitor star. The stellar wind has an anisotropic density distribution, which channels the SN ejecta differently depending on the anisotropy characteristics. We compute synthetic thermal (X-ray) and non-thermal (synchrotron) emission maps from our numerical simulations to compare with observations. We find rectangular morphologies are generated when the stellar wind has a high mass loss rate and forms a dense, narrow disk at the equatorial region. Instead, a jet-like or ear-like morphology is obtained when the stellar wind develops a wide, dense disk. Stellar winds with low mass-loss rates do not strongly influence the SNR morphology. Finally, our synthetic synchrotron and X-ray maps for the high mass-loss rate case qualitatively agree with the observations of the SNRs G332.5-5.6 and G290.1-0.8.
description: Accepted to MNRAS
Additional file 1 of Validity of score interpretations on an online English placement writing test
Creators: name: Choi, Yun Deok
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Appendix A. Online source-based writing test (OSWT).
Additional file 7 of Comprehensive probiogenomics analysis of the commensal Escherichia coli CEC15 as a potential probiotic strain
Creators: name: da Silva, Tales Fernando
name: Glória, Rafael de Assis
name: de Sousa, Thiago Jesus
name: Americo, Monique Ferrary
name: Freitas, Andria dos Santos
name: Viana, Marcus Vinicius Canário
name: de Jesus, Luís Cláudio Lima
name: da Silva Prado, Ligia Carolina
name: Daniel, Nathalie
name: Ménard, Olivia
name: Cochet, Marie-Françoise
name: Dupont, Didier
name: Jardin, Julien
name: Borges, Amanda Dias
name: Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes
name: Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento
name: Brenig, Bertram
name: Ferreira, Enio
name: Profeta, Rodrigo
name: Aburjaile, Flavia Figueira
name: de Carvalho, Rodrigo Dias Oliveira
name: Langella, Philippe
name: Le Loir, Yves
name: Cherbuy, Claire
name: Jan, Gwénaël
name: Azevedo, Vasco
name: Guédon, Éric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 7: Supplementary Figure S1. Schematic circular representation of CEC15 genomic features.
Analysis and Detection against Network Attacks in the Overlapping Phenomenon of Behavior Attribute
Creators: name: Xie, Jiang
name: Li, Shuhao
name: Zhanga, Yongzheng
name: Sun, Peishuai
name: Xu, Hongbo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The proliferation of network attacks poses a significant threat. Researchers propose datasets for network attacks to support research in related fields. Then, many attack detection methods based on these datasets are proposed. These detection methods, whether two-classification or multi-classification, belong to single-label learning, i.e., only one label is given to each sample. However, we discover that there is a noteworthy phenomenon of behavior attribute overlap between attacks, The presentation of this phenomenon in a dataset is that there are multiple samples with the same features but different labels. In this paper, we verify the phenomenon in well-known datasets(UNSW-NB15, CCCS-CIC-AndMal-2020) and re-label these data. In addition, detecting network attacks in a multi-label manner can obtain more information, providing support for tracing the attack source and building IDS. Therefore, we propose a multi-label detection model based on deep learning, MLD-Model, in which Wasserstein-Generative-Adversarial- Network-with-Gradient-Penalty (WGAN-GP) with improved loss performs data enhancement to alleviate the class imbalance problem, and Auto-Encoder (AE) performs classifier parameter pre-training. Experimental results demonstrate that MLD-Model can achieve excellent classification performance. It can achieve F1=80.06% in UNSW-NB15 and F1=83.63% in CCCS-CIC-AndMal-2020. Especially, MLD-Model is 5.99%-7.97% higher in F1 compared with the related single-label methods.
description: 6 pages, 26 figures
Fusion products and toroidal algebras
Creators: name: Kus, Deniz
name: Littelmann, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study the category of finite--dimensional bi--graded representations of toroidal current algebras associated to finite--dimensional complex simple Lie algebras. Using the theory of graded representations for current algebras, we construct in different ways objects in that category and prove them to be isomorphic. As a consequence we obtain generators and relations for certain types of fusion products including the $N$--fold fusion product of $V(λ)$. This result shows that the fusion product of these types is independent of the chosen parameters, proving a special case of a conjecture by Feigin and Loktev. Moreover, we prove a conjecture by Chari, Fourier and Sagaki on truncated Weyl modules for certain classes of dominant integral weights and show that they are realizable as fusion products. In the last section we consider the case $\mathfrak{g}=\mathfrak{sl}_2$ and compute a PBW type basis for truncated Weyl modules of the associated current algebra.
Constraints on Nuclear Symmetry Energy Parameters
Creators: name: Lattimer, James M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A review is made of constraints on the nuclear symmetry energy parameters arising from nuclear binding energy measurements, theoretical chiral effective field predictions of neutron matter properties, the unitary gas conjecture, and measurements of neutron skin thicknesses and dipole polarizabilities. While most studies have been confined to the parameters $S_V$ and $L$, the important roles played by, and constraints on $K_{\rm sym}$, or, equivalently, the neutron matter incompressibility $K_N$, are discussed. Strong correlations among $S_V, L$, and $K_{N}$ are found from both nuclear binding energies and neutron matter theory. However, these correlations somewhat differ in the two cases, and those from neutron matter theory have smaller uncertainties. To 68\% confidence, it is found from neutron matter theory that $S_V=32.0\pm1.1$ MeV, $L=51.9\pm7.9$ MeV and $K_N=152.2\pm38.1$ MeV. Theoretical predictions for neutron skin thickness and dipole polarizability measurements of the neutron-rich nuclei $^{48}$Ca, $^{120}$Sn, and $^{208}$Pb are compared to recent experimental measurements, most notably the CREX and PREX neutron skin experiments from Jefferson Laboratory. By themselves, PREX I+II measurements of $^{208}$Pb and CREX measurement of $^{48}$Ca suggest $L=121\pm47$ MeV and $L=-5\pm40$ MeV, respectively, to 68\% confidence. However, we show that nuclear interactions optimally satisfying both measurements imply $L=53\pm13$ MeV, nearly the range suggested by either nuclear mass measurements or neutron matter theory, and is also consistent with nuclear dipole polarizability measurements. This small parameter range implies $R_{1.4} = 11.6\pm1.0$ km and $Λ_{1.4} = 228^{+148}_{-90}$, which are consistent with NICER X-ray and LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave observations of neutron stars.
description: This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from The Modern Physics of Compact Stars and Relativistic Gravity 2021, Ed. Armen Sedrakian
The Dance of Gradients: A New Framework for Unifying Cosmic Phenomena
Creators: name: van der Erve, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Recursive Gradient Processing (RGP)
Gradient Choreographies (GCs)
Cosmic Structure Formation
Gravity as Gradients of Gradients
Emergent Physics

description: This third trilogy essay motivates the use of AI-supported scientific research, applying the concepts of Gradient Choreographies (GCs) and Contextual Filters (CFs) to reframe foundational cosmological phenomena. Building on earlier work that established gradients as substrates of emergence and contextual filters as mechanisms shaping awareness, this installment applies these principles to interpret phenomena traditionally attributed to dark matter and dark energy. We propose that such phenomena are emergent effects of recursive gradient dynamics, shaped by the Principle of Least Action (PoLA), rather than discrete, particle-based entities. This framework reimagines cosmic acceleration, gravitational dynamics, and large-scale structure formation as expressions of gradient interactions, challenging the need for exotic constructs like dark energy. AI’s unparalleled capacity for modeling recursive systems enables it to uncover patterns and generate testable predictions, including anomalies in galaxy rotation curves and clustering behaviors in cosmic structures. By reframing the universe as a self-organizing system governed by gradients, this paper integrates theoretical and observational physics with emergent systems. Beyond cosmology, the insights presented here establish a foundation for interdisciplinary exploration, leveraging AI as a tool to redefine how we understand and engage with the complexities of reality.

This is a working paper—feedback, discussion, and engagement are encouraged as we refine and expand these ideas.
Additional file 8 of Comprehensive probiogenomics analysis of the commensal Escherichia coli CEC15 as a potential probiotic strain
Creators: name: da Silva, Tales Fernando
name: Glória, Rafael de Assis
name: de Sousa, Thiago Jesus
name: Americo, Monique Ferrary
name: Freitas, Andria dos Santos
name: Viana, Marcus Vinicius Canário
name: de Jesus, Luís Cláudio Lima
name: da Silva Prado, Ligia Carolina
name: Daniel, Nathalie
name: Ménard, Olivia
name: Cochet, Marie-Françoise
name: Dupont, Didier
name: Jardin, Julien
name: Borges, Amanda Dias
name: Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes
name: Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento
name: Brenig, Bertram
name: Ferreira, Enio
name: Profeta, Rodrigo
name: Aburjaile, Flavia Figueira
name: de Carvalho, Rodrigo Dias Oliveira
name: Langella, Philippe
name: Le Loir, Yves
name: Cherbuy, Claire
name: Jan, Gwénaël
name: Azevedo, Vasco
name: Guédon, Éric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 8: Supplementary Figure S2. Schematic circular representation of EcN genomic features.
Polytypism, polymorphism and superconductivity in TaSe2-xTex
Creators: name: Luo, Huixia
name: Xie, Weiwei
name: Tao, Jing
name: Inoue, Hiroyuki
name: Gyenis, Andras
name: Krizan, Jason W.
name: Yazdani, Ali
name: Zhu, Yimei
name: Cava, R. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Polymorphism in materials often leads to significantly different physical properties - the rutile and anatase polymorphs of TiO2 are a prime example. Polytypism is a special type of polymorphism, occurring in layered materials when the geometry of a repeating structural layer is maintained but the layer stacking sequence of the overall crystal structure can be varied; SiC is an example of a material with many polytypes. Although polymorphs can have radically different physical properties, it is much rarer for polytypism to impact physical properties in a dramatic fashion. Here we study the effects of polytypism and polymorphism on the superconductivity of TaSe2, one of the archetypal members of the large family of layered dichalcogenides. We show that it is possible to access 2 stable polytypes and 2 stable polymorphs in the TaSe2-xTex solid solution, and find that the 3R polytype shows a superconducting transition temperature that is nearly 17 times higher than that of the much more commonly found 2H polytype. The reason for this dramatic change is not apparent, but we propose that it arises either from a remarkable dependence of Tc on subtle differences in the characteristics of the single layers present, or from a surprising effect of the layer stacking sequence on electronic properties that instead are expected to be dominated by the properties of a single layer in materials of this kind.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. A revised version with the same title will appear in PNAS
The Dance of Gradients: A New Framework for Unifying Cosmic Phenomena
Creators: name: van der Erve, Marcus
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Recursive Gradient Processing (RGP)
Gradient Choreographies (GCs)
Cosmic Structure Formation
Gravity as Gradients of Gradients
Emergent Physics

description: This third trilogy essay motivates the use of AI-supported scientific research, applying the concepts of Gradient Choreographies (GCs) and Contextual Filters (CFs) to reframe foundational cosmological phenomena. Building on earlier work that established gradients as substrates of emergence and contextual filters as mechanisms shaping awareness, this installment applies these principles to interpret phenomena traditionally attributed to dark matter and dark energy. We propose that such phenomena are emergent effects of recursive gradient dynamics, shaped by the Principle of Least Action (PoLA), rather than discrete, particle-based entities. This framework reimagines cosmic acceleration, gravitational dynamics, and large-scale structure formation as expressions of gradient interactions, challenging the need for exotic constructs like dark energy. AI’s unparalleled capacity for modeling recursive systems enables it to uncover patterns and generate testable predictions, including anomalies in galaxy rotation curves and clustering behaviors in cosmic structures. By reframing the universe as a self-organizing system governed by gradients, this paper integrates theoretical and observational physics with emergent systems. Beyond cosmology, the insights presented here establish a foundation for interdisciplinary exploration, leveraging AI as a tool to redefine how we understand and engage with the complexities of reality.

This is a working paper—feedback, discussion, and engagement are encouraged as we refine and expand these ideas.
Lévy walks on lattices as multi-state processes
Creators: name: Cristadoro, Giampaolo
name: Gilbert, Thomas
name: Lenci, Marco
name: Sanders, David P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Continuous-time random walks combining diffusive scattering and ballistic propagation on lattices model a class of Lévy walks. The assumption that transitions in the scattering phase occur with exponentially-distributed waiting times leads to a description of the process in terms of multiple states, whose distributions evolve according to a set of delay differential equations, amenable to analytic treatment. We obtain an exact expression of the mean squared displacement associated with such processes and discuss the emergence of asymptotic scaling laws in regimes of diffusive and superdiffusive (subballistic) transport, emphasizing, in the latter case, the effect of initial conditions on the transport coefficients. Of particular interest is the case of rare ballistic propagation, in which case a regime of superdiffusion may lurk underneath one of normal diffusion.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures
Infographic on 2022 FDA Naloxone Distribution Guidance
Creators: name: Remedy Alliance For The People
name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022
Subjects: Public health
Drugs--Overdose
Emergency medicine
Drug control
Antidotes
Narcotics--Overdose
Drugs

description: An infographic showing how the September 22, 2022 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Guidance operates to remove barriers to access for harm reduction programs.
description: The FDA Guidance is entitled "Exemption and Exclusion from Certain Requirements of the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) for the Distribution of FDA-Approved Naloxone Products During the Opioid Public Health Emergency" and full details are available here: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-voices/fda-issues-new-guidance-help-facilitate-availability-naloxone-prevent-opioid-overdoses-and-reduce
description: Copyright has been waived, and the infographic has been placed into public domain for unlimited reuse. Suggested credit attribution: Remedy Alliance For The People (remedyallianceftp.org)
Implementations of two Algorithms for the Threshold Synthesis Problem
Creators: name: Smaus, Jan-Georg
name: Schilling, Christian
name: Wenzelmann, Fabian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A linear pseudo-Boolean constraint (LPB) is an expression of the form $a_1 \cdot \ell_1 + \dots + a_m \cdot \ell_m \geq d$, where each $\ell_i$ is a literal (it assumes the value 1 or 0 depending on whether a propositional variable $x_i$ is true or false) and $a_1, \dots, a_m, d$ are natural numbers. An LPB represents a Boolean function, and those Boolean functions that can be represented by exactly one LPB are called threshold functions. The problem of finding an LPB representation of a Boolean function if possible is called threshold recognition problem or threshold synthesis problem. The problem has an $O(m^7 t^5)$ algorithm using linear programming, where $m$ is the dimension and $t$ the number of terms in the DNF input. It has been an open question whether one can recognise threshold functions through an entirely combinatorial procedure. Smaus has developed such a procedure for doing this, which works by decomposing the DNF and "counting" the variable occurrences in it. We have implemented both algorithms as a thesis project. We report here on this experience. The most important insight was that the algorithm by Smaus is, unfortunately, incomplete.
A glitch and an anti-glitch in the anomalous X-ray pulsar 1E 1841-045
Creators: name: Mus, Sinem Sasmaz
name: Aydin, Berk
name: Gogus, Ersin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigated the long-term spin properties of the anomalous X-ray pulsar (AXP) 1E 1841-045 by performing a temporal analysis of archival RXTE observations spanning about 5.2 yr from 2006 September to 2011 December. We identified two peculiar timing anomalies within ~1 yr of each other: a glitch with Delta(nu)/nu ~ 4.8 x 10^{-6} near MJD 54303; and an anti-glitch with Delta(nu)/nu ~ -5.8 x 10^{-7} near MJD 54656. The glitch that we identified, which is the fourth glitch seen in this source in the 13 yr of RXTE monitoring, is similar to the last two detected glitches. The anti-glitch from 1E 1841-045, however, is the first to be identified. The amplitude of the anti-glitch was comparable with that recently observed in AXP 1E 2259+586. We found no significant variations in the pulsed X-ray output of the source during either the glitch or the anti-glitch. We discuss our results in relation to the standard pulsar glitch mechanisms for the glitch, and to plausible magnetospheric scenarios for the anti-glitch.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables, published in MNRAS
Perturbative entanglement entropy in nonlocal theories
Creators: name: Rabideau, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Entanglement entropy in the vacuum state of local field theories exhibits an area law. However, nonlocal theories at large N and strong coupling violate this area law. In these theories, the leading divergence in the entanglement entropy is extensive for regions smaller than the effective nonlocality scale and proportional to this effective nonlocality scale for regions larger than it. This raises the question: is a volume law a generic feature of nonlocal theories, or is it only present at strong coupling and large N? This paper investigates entanglement entropy of large regions in weakly coupled nonlocal theories, to leading order in the coupling. The two theories studied are phi^4 theory on the noncommutative plane and phi^4 theory with a dipole type nonlocal modification using a fixed nonlocality scale. Both theories are found to follow an area law to first order in the coupling, hence no evidence is found for a volume law. This indicates that, perturbatively the nonlocal interactions considered are not generating sufficient entanglement at distances of the nonlocality scale to change the leading divergence, at least to first order in the coupling. An argument against volume laws at higher orders is also presented.
description: 25 pages, 3 figures; v2 added references
Additional file 2 of Validity of score interpretations on an online English placement writing test
Creators: name: Choi, Yun Deok
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2: Appendix B. The online questionnaire items.
Adobe Illustrator file of naloxone distribution infographic
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Public domain Adobe Illustrator file for infographic explaining September 22, 2022 FDA Guidance: "Exemption and Exclusion from Certain Requirements of the Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA) for the Distribution of FDA-Approved Naloxone Products During the Opioid Public Health Emergency"

https://www.fda.gov/news-events/fda-voices/fda-issues-new-guidance-help-facilitate-availability-naloxone-prevent-opioid-overdoses-and-reduce
Quantum phase transitions of the Dirac oscillator in a minimal length scenario
Creators: name: Menculini, L.
name: Panella, O.
name: Roy, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain exact solutions of the (2+1) dimensional Dirac oscillator in a homogeneous magnetic field within a minimal length ($Δx_0=\hbar \sqrtβ$), or generalised uncertainty principle (GUP) scenario. This system in ordinary quantum mechanics has a single left-right chiral quantum phase transition (QPT). We show that a non zero minimal length turns on a infinite number of quantum phase transitions which accumulate towards the known QPT when $β\to 0$. It is also shown that the presence of the minimal length modifies the degeneracy of the states and that in this case there exist a new class of states which do not survive in the ordinary quantum mechanics limit $β\to 0$.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure
Additional file 3 of Validity of score interpretations on an online English placement writing test
Creators: name: Choi, Yun Deok
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Appendix C. The scoring rubric.
Accuracy and validity of reported opioid prescription days' supply
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Freeman, Patricia
name: Harris, Sarah
name: Slavova, Svetla
name: Brown, John
name: Miracle, Dustin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to estimate the percentage of opioid analgesic (OA) prescriptions dispensed by Kentucky independent pharmacies with correctly entered days' supply in the state prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) system in 2019.

Methods: Using a two-stage cluster design, pharmacies were sampled with probabilities proportional to the volume of dispensed OAs; 100 random OA prescriptions were sampled from PDMP records submitted by each pharmacy. Following recruitment, demographic information and hard-copy prescription data for sampled records were abstracted on-site. Days' supply was independently calculated by two pharmacists using a standard formula with disagreements adjudicated blindly by a third pharmacist. Adjudicated days' supply was compared with that submitted to the PDMP and classified as accurate/inaccurate. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the sample and a multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between accuracy and prescription/practice-related factors.

Results: A total of 1281 OA prescriptions were reviewed at 13 participating pharmacies. Accuracy of reported OA days' supply was 89.85%, (95% CI: 86.90, 92.80). Factors associated with accuracy were presence of special instructions from the prescriber (OR 3.13 [95% CI: 1.43, 6.82]), presence of 'as-needed' directions (OR 0.29 [95% CI: 0.18, 0.47]), and billing to a third-party payer (OR 1.43 [95% CI: 1.01, 2.02]).

Conclusions: Accuracy of OA days' supply reported to the state PDMP was found to be moderately high. Certain prescription-related factors influence accuracy and should be accounted for in future studies. Patterns, including opioid 'split-billing' were identified and may impact validity of PDMP and administrative claims studies.
Additional file 13 of Comprehensive probiogenomics analysis of the commensal Escherichia coli CEC15 as a potential probiotic strain
Creators: name: da Silva, Tales Fernando
name: Glória, Rafael de Assis
name: de Sousa, Thiago Jesus
name: Americo, Monique Ferrary
name: Freitas, Andria dos Santos
name: Viana, Marcus Vinicius Canário
name: de Jesus, Luís Cláudio Lima
name: da Silva Prado, Ligia Carolina
name: Daniel, Nathalie
name: Ménard, Olivia
name: Cochet, Marie-Françoise
name: Dupont, Didier
name: Jardin, Julien
name: Borges, Amanda Dias
name: Fernandes, Simone Odília Antunes
name: Cardoso, Valbert Nascimento
name: Brenig, Bertram
name: Ferreira, Enio
name: Profeta, Rodrigo
name: Aburjaile, Flavia Figueira
name: de Carvalho, Rodrigo Dias Oliveira
name: Langella, Philippe
name: Le Loir, Yves
name: Cherbuy, Claire
name: Jan, Gwénaël
name: Azevedo, Vasco
name: Guédon, Éric
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 13: Supplementary figure S3. Pre- and post-shearing protein profile of CEC15 and EcN strains.
Kentucky pharmacists’ experiences in dispensing abuse-deterrent opioid analgesics
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
name: Oyler, Douglas
name: Brown, John
name: Freeman, Patricia
name: Slavova, Svetla
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2022

description: Background: Despite pharmaceutical industry promise and enthusiasm, abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF) opioid use is relatively low. While some barriers to use have been addressed through state laws and policy, pharmacists' experiences with and opinions of ADF opioids are unclear.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate pharmacists' perceptions of dispensing ADFs.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists licensed and practicing in Kentucky conducted in late 2019. The survey asked about perception, experience dispensing, and insurance coverage of 5 ADF opioids available at the time.

Results: Most respondents (421/629, 67.9%) were familiar or very familiar with ADFs, and 63.1% agreed that all opioids should meet U.S. Food and Drug Administration standards for abuse deterrence. Aside from OxyContin, most ADF opioid formations were not stocked (range: 46.7%-73.6%). Third-party payer claims were occasionally or almost always rejected for most ADFs (range: 56.3%-75.4%). Contrary to intended mechanism of deterrence, ADFs were rated as the least effective strategy to reduce opioid misuse/abuse, with over half (51.2%) of respondents believing ADFs were not effective or somewhat effective. ADFs were rated as effective or very effective at reducing opioid abuse by swallowing intact by 37.4% of respondents.

Conclusion: Pharmacists are familiar with ADFs but do not dispense them frequently. Pharmacists appear skeptical about the effectiveness of ADFs but support policies that could increase ADF uptake.
AGN in post-mergers from the Ultraviolet Near Infrared Optical Northern Survey
Creators: name: Bickley, Robert W.
name: Ellison, Sara L.
name: Patton, David R.
name: Wilkinson, Scott
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The kinematic disturbances associated with major galaxy mergers are known to produce gas inflows, which in turn may trigger accretion onto the supermassive black holes (SMBH) of the participant galaxies. While this effect has been studied in galaxy pairs, the frequency of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in fully coalesced post-merger systems is poorly constrained due to the limited size or impurity of extant post-merger samples. Previously, we combined convolutional neural network (CNN) predictions with visual classifications to identify a highly pure sample of 699 post-mergers in deep r-band imaging. In the work presented here, we quantify the frequency of AGN in this sample using three metrics: optical emission lines, mid-infrared (mid- IR) colour, and radio detection of low-excitation radio galaxies (LERGs). We also compare the frequency of AGN in post-mergers to that in a sample of spectroscopically identified galaxy pairs. We find that AGN identified by narrow-line optical emission and mid-IR colour have an increased incidence rate in post-mergers, with excesses of ~4 over mass- and redshift-matched controls. The optical and mid-IR AGN excesses in post-mergers exceed the values found for galaxy pairs, indicating that AGN activity in mergers peaks after coalescence. Conversely, we recover no significant excess of LERGs in post-mergers or pairs. Finally, we find that the [OIII] luminosity (a proxy for SMBH accretion rate) in post-mergers that host an optical AGN is ~0.3 dex higher on average than in non-interacting galaxies with an optical AGN, suggesting that mergers generate higher accretion rates than secular triggering mechanisms.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Multi-epoch time-resolved photometry of the eclipsing polar CSS081231:J071126+440405
Creators: name: Schwope, A. D.
name: Mackebrandt, F.
name: Thinius, B. D.
name: Littlefield, C.
name: Garnavich, P.
name: Oksanen, A.
name: Granzer, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The eclipsing polar CSS081231 turned bright (V_max ~ 14.5) in late 2008 and was subsequently observed intensively with small and medium-sized telescopes. A homogeneous analysis of this comprehensive dataset comprising 109 eclipse epochs is presented and a linear ephemeris covering the five years of observations, about 24000 orbital cycles, is derived. Formally this sets rather tight constraints on the mass of a hypothetical circumbinary planet, M_pl <= 2 M_Jup. This preliminary result needs consolidation by long-term monitoring of the source. The eclipse lasts 433.08 +- 0.65 s, and the orbital inclination is found to be i=79.3 - 83.7 degrees. The centre of the bright phase displays accretion-rate dependent azimuthal shifts. No accretion geometry is found that explains all observational constraints, suggesting a complex accretion geometry with possible pole switches and a likely non-dipolar field geometry.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in AN
Contrastive Self-Supervised Learning for Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Lung Ultrasound Videos
Creators: name: Chen, Li
name: Rubin, Jonathan
name: Ouyang, Jiahong
name: Balaraju, Naveen
name: Patil, Shubham
name: Mehanian, Courosh
name: Kulhare, Sourabh
name: Millin, Rachel
name: Gregory, Kenton W
name: Gregory, Cynthia R
name: Zhu, Meihua
name: Kessler, David O
name: Malia, Laurie
name: Dessie, Almaz
name: Rabiner, Joni
name: Coneybeare, Di
name: Shopsin, Bo
name: Hersh, Andrew
name: Madar, Cristian
name: Shupp, Jeffrey
name: Johnson, Laura S
name: Avila, Jacob
name: Dwyer, Kristin
name: Weimersheimer, Peter
name: Raju, Balasundar
name: Kruecker, Jochen
name: Chen, Alvin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have shown promise for medical imaging applications by learning meaningful visual representations, even when the amount of labeled data is limited. Here, we extend state-of-the-art contrastive learning SSL methods to 2D+time medical ultrasound video data by introducing a modified encoder and augmentation method capable of learning meaningful spatio-temporal representations, without requiring constraints on the input data. We evaluate our method on the challenging clinical task of identifying lung consolidations (an important pathological feature) in ultrasound videos. Using a multi-center dataset of over 27k lung ultrasound videos acquired from over 500 patients, we show that our method can significantly improve performance on downstream localization and classification of lung consolidation. Comparisons against baseline models trained without SSL show that the proposed methods are particularly advantageous when the size of labeled training data is limited (e.g., as little as 5% of the training set).
description: ISBI 2023, 2023 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI)