cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the Origin of High Energy Neutrinos from NGC 1068: The Role of Non-Thermal Coronal Activity
Creators: name: Inoue, Yoshiyuki
name: Khangulyan, Dmitry
name: Doi, Akihiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: NGC 1068, a nearby type-2 Seyfert galaxy, is reported as the hottest neutrino spot in the 10-year survey data of IceCube. Although there are several different possibilities for the generation of high-energy neutrinos in astrophysical sources, feasible scenarios allowing such emission in NGC 1068 have not yet been firmly defined. We show that the flux level of GeV and neutrino emission observed from NGC 1068 implies that the neutrino emission can be produced only in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy. The coronal parameters, such as magnetic field strength and corona size, making this emission possible are consistent with the spectral excess registered in the millimeter range. The suggested model and relevant physical parameters are similar to those revealed for several nearby Seyferts. Due to the internal gamma-ray attenuation, the suggested scenario cannot be verified by observations of NGC 1068 in the GeV and TeV gamma-ray energy bands. However, the optical depth is expected to become negligible for MeV gamma rays, thus future observations in this band will be able to prove our model.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, new ALMA data are added, accepted by ApJL
Saccharodite aurora Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Saccharodite
Saccharodite aurora

description: Saccharodite aurora Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Fig. 84, 287)
 Description. Forewings 2.1 times longer than wide, length in male about 4.2 mm. Mesonotum, thoracic pleura, and a small mark on the frons orange-red; scutellum with two lateral stramineous patches. Basal third of forewings infuscated; the veins in this part orange-red; remaining veins stramineous; base of Sc+R without dark spots. The identity of the live specimen from Singapore shown in Figure is 84 is based on the photograph only and is therefore uncertain. It shows a variable forewing venation in that the bases of Ms1b and Cu1 are merged on the right forewing, but are separated on the left one.
 Note. Similar to Saccharodite timida sp. nov. The above description has been shortened, due to this similarity.
 Etymology. The species name is a Latin noun (aurora = the dawn) used in apposition.
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.2 mm), EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH; labels: 1) NORTH BORNEO (SE)/ Forest Camp, 19 km / N. of Kalabakan / 19.X.1962 2) K.J. Kuncheria / Collector / Bishop (BPBM). Paratype. EAST MALAYSIA: NORTH BORNEO: SABAH: Sandakan, 1 ♀, Baker (BPBM).
 Distribution. North Borneo.
 Diagnosis. Saccharodite aurora is related to Sa. timida sp. nov., also from Borneo, but can be distinguished by its orange-red mesonotum. It further shows similarities (including the structure of the male genitalia) to Sa. perlucida sp. nov. and Sa. propinqua sp. nov. from Borneo, and to Sa. separata Zelazny from the Philippines. It differs from the former 2 species by the forewing infuscation extending up to the basal third of the wing and from Sa. separata by the light lateral patches on the scutellum.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 141
Uses of Effective Field Theory in Lattice QCD
Creators: name: Kronfeld, Andreas S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several physical problems in particle physics, nuclear physics, and astrophysics require information from non-perturbative QCD to gain a full understanding. In some cases the most reliable technique for quantitative results is to carry out large-scale numerical calculations in lattice gauge theory. As in any numerical technique, there are several sources of uncertainty. This chapter explains how effective field theories are used to keep them under control and, then, obtain a sensible error bar. After a short survey of the numerical technique, we explain why effective field theories are necessary and useful. Then four important cases are reviewed: Symanzik's effective field theory of lattice spacing effects; heavy-quark effective theory as a tool for controlling discretization effects of heavy quarks; chiral perturbation theory as a tool for reaching the chiral limit; and a general field theory of hadrons for deriving finite volume corrections.
description: 67 pages. In v2, a few errors and many typos are corrected. Full Erratum at http://theory.fnal.gov/people/kronfeld/handbook/erratum.html for owners of the book
Jurilinguistics: Ways Forward Beyond Law, Translation, and Discourse
Creators: name: Monzó-Nebot, Esther
name: Moreno-Rivero, Javier
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
Jurilinguistics
Interdisciplinarity
Translation studies
Legal translation
Legal discourse
Legal genres
Legal interpretation
Multilingualism

description: Abstract: This is the guest editors’ introductory paper to the special issue “Situating jurilinguistics across cultures using translation and discourse approaches.” The introduction showcases the interdisciplinary vocation of jurilinguistics from its conception almost forty years ago. It is argued that jurilinguistics has achieved its current maturity by diversifying the disciplinary lenses of the originally contributing disciplines of legal translation and legal studies while keeping faithful to its original principles—facing practical problems with a rigorous outlook, venturing into any new domains that may prove enlightening, and combining professional and academic perspectives. The authors highlight how the series of conferences “Jurilinguistics: Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Study of Language and Law” have been instrumental in enhancing the scope of jurilinguistics. Finally, the articles gathered in this special issue are presented and their contributions in advancing the knowledge available for practitioners and scholars meeting at the interface between law and language are underscored.
OPENING ADDRESS: DOUBLE JEOPARDY—CLIMATE CHANGE AND INVASIVE SPECIES
Creators: name: Huffaker, Ray
name: Huffaker, Ray
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2017
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: The negative impacts of climate change on global water resources, agriculture, land resources, biodiversity, and ecosystem services are well known (e.g., temperature increases, increasing carbon dioxide levels, and altered patterns of precipitation). Lesser publicized is how climate change reinforces another key transformational driver: invasive species. The interactive dynamics of both drivers greatly magnify the devastating impacts of each on ecosystem services essential to human life and productive activities. This paper discusses how the academic literature has conceptualized the relationship between climate change and invasive species.
Entangled states of dipolar bosons generated in a triple-well potential
Creators: name: Tonel, Arlei P.
name: Ymai, Leandro H.
name: W., Karin Wittmann
name: Foerster, Angela
name: Links, Jon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the generation of entangled states using a device constructed from dipolar bosons confined to a triple-well potential. Dipolar bosons possess controllable, long-range interactions. This property permits specific choices to be made for the coupling parameters, such that the system is integrable. Integrability assists in the analysis of the system via an effective Hamiltonian constructed through a conserved operator. Through computations of fidelity we establish that this approach, to study the time-evolution of the entanglement for a class of non-entangled initial states, yields accurate approximations given by analytic formulae.
description: Submission to SciPost, 17 pages, 12 figures, 1 Table. Changes made in this version respond to referee comments
Saccharodite chinensis Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Saccharodite
Saccharodite chinensis

description: Saccharodite chinensis Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Fig. 288)
 Description. Forewings elongated, 2.3 times longer than wide, length in male about 3.8 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown, mesonotum slightly darker; a red mark at tip of scutellum. Forewings very faintly infuscated from apex of Cu to base of Ms1, around base of Ms2, and along apical crossveins; a small dark mark at base of first subcostal sector; veins stramineous, but anterior apical crossveins dark brown; 3 dark spots on base of Sc+R. Hindwings colourless. In profile junction of vertex and face very slightly angulated; rostrum reaching post trochanters; subantennal process connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork well before middle of wing; basal median cell broad, more than twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; apices of Cu1 and Ms1b separated; a triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles elongated; proximal dorsal process short and slender; distal dorsal process long. Aedeagus ending in two flat, pointed processes, their dorsal margins finely serrated.
 Etymology. Derived from China, the latinized species name (chinensis, -ensis, -ense) is an adjective.
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.8 mm), CHINA; labels: 1) FUKIEN, S. China / Shaowu: Tachulan/ 1000 m. T. Maa 2) 13–17.VIII.1945 (BPBM).
 Distribution. South China.
 Diagnosis. Saccharodite chinensis resembles Sa. matsumurae (Muir) from Taiwan and Sa. indochinensis sp. nov. from Laos. It can be separated from both by the red mark at the tip of the scutellum. Further, in contrast to Sa. indochinensis the male aedeagus ends in two pointed processes, and unlike Sa. matsumurae the head and thorax are stramineous.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 142
How political malpractice affects trust in EU institutions
Creators: name: Elsas, Erika J. Van
name: Brosius, Anna
name: Marquart, Franziska
name: Vreese, Claes H. De
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Political misconduct is known to harm the politicians involved. Yet, we know less about how such events affect trust in political institutions. We study a real-world political malpractice affair in the European Commission, using a three-wave panel design to investigate how information about the affair influences trust in EU institutions. This enables us, first, to isolate the impact of new information on political trust, remedying endogeneity issues common in political trust research. Second, we assess which institutions are affected most (specificity) and whether effects depend upon citizens’ sophistication levels (conditionality). Finally, we assess the durability of effects over time. Our findings demonstrate that citizens obtain knowledge about EU affairs through the media, and use this knowledge in their trust evaluations. In doing so, citizens differentiate between EU and national institutions, with trust in the European Commission affected most. This suggests a sophisticated process and highlights the evaluative nature of political trust.
Enhancing Credit Flow to the Agricultural Sector: The Case of Central Bank of Nigeria’s Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (CACS)
Creators: name: Polycarp, I.M.
name: Odufote, B.O.
name: Polycarp, I.M.
name: Odufote, B.O.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
International Relations/Trade

description: Following the economic downturn of 2008/2009, the Commercial Agriculture Credit Scheme (CACS) was introduced to promote commercial agriculture and to complement other existing special initiatives of the Central Bank of Nigeria. After 3 years of its operation, the sum of N175.525 billion has been disbursed to 222 projects/ promoters. The distribution of the fund disbursed showed that 68% went to the processing segment of the value chain while 29% went to the production segment. While the CACS was found to be contingent to an increase in bank lending to the agricultural sector in Nigeria, there seem to be no significant effect of the fund on agricultural sector growth rate. It was therefore recommended that the 7 year tenor of the Scheme be extended and the need to set milestones (Specific targets and timelines) for deliverables like the right quantum of funds to be deployed, expected increase in flow of credit to agriculture, number of jobs to be created, expected growth rate in agricultural sector GDP etc. The need to build the capacity of bank staff and value chain actors and invocation of sanctions on erring banks to discourage infractions cannot be overemphasized.
The Role of Monitoring and Evaluation in Enhancing Education Quality: Case Study Somalia
Creators: name: Abdiwali, Isak Yusuf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Evaluation
Monitoring
Enhancing
Education Quality

description: ABSTRACT

This study explores the crucial role of monitoring and evaluation (M&E) in enhancing the quality ofeducation in Somalia, a country striving to rebuild its educational infrastructure amidst historical and socio-political challenges. The research focuses on how effective M&E practices can address issues ofaccountability, transparency, and policy implementation in the Somali education sector. By employing aqualitative case study design, the study gathers data through interviews, document analysis, and classroom observations across various regions in Somalia.

The findings reveal that robust M&E systems are vital for assessing and improving educational outcomes.However, challenges such as inadequate resources, lack of trained personnel, and socio- economic factors hinder the effectiveness of current M&E practices. The study underscores the need for tailored M&E strategies that align with the specific context of Somalia, advocating for stronger partnerships betweengovernment agencies, international donors, and local communities.

The research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on education in conflict-affected regions, offering valuable insights for policymakers and educational stakeholders. Recommendations includeenhancing capacity building, promoting community involvement, and leveraging technology for datacollection and analysis. Ultimately, the study aims to inform policy reforms and practical interventions that can lead to sustainable improvements in the quality of education in Somalia.
High-Energy Proton-Proton Forward Scattering and Derivative Analyticity Relations
Creators: name: Avila, R. F.
name: Luna, E. G. S.
name: Menon, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of several parametrizations to two different ensemble of data on $pp$ total cross sections $σ_{tot}^{pp}$ at the highest center-of-mass energies (including cosmic-ray information). The results are statistically consistent with two distinct scenarios at high energies. From one ensemble the prediction for the LHC ($\sqrt s = 14$ TeV) is $σ_{tot}^{pp} = 113 \pm 5$ mb and from the other, $σ_{tot}^{pp}=140 \pm 7$ mb. From each parametrization, and making use of derivative analyticity relations (DAR), we determine $ρ(s)$ (ratio between the forward real and imaginary parts of the elastic scattering amplitude). A discussion on the optimization of the DAR in terms of a free parameter is also presented.In all cases good descriptions of the experimental data are obtained.
description: One formula added, one unit changed, small misprints corrected, final version to be published in Brazilian Journal of Physics; 13 pages, 8 figures, aps-revtex
Electric field effect on short-range polar orders in a relaxor ferroelectric system
Creators: name: Xu, Zhijun
name: Li, Fei
name: Zhang, Shujun
name: Stock, Christopher
name: Luo, Jun
name: Gehring, Peter M.
name: Xu, Guangyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Short-range polar orders in the relaxor ferroelectric material PbMg$_{1/3}$Nb$_{2/3}$O$_3$-$28\%$PbTiO$_3$ (PMN-28PT) have been studied using neutron diffuse scattering. An external electric field along [110] direction can affect the diffuse scattering in the low temperature rhombohedral/monoclinic phase. Diffuse scattering intensities associated with [110] short-range polarizations are partially suppressed, while those arising from [1$\bar{1}$0] polarizations are enhanced. On the other hand, short-range polar orders along other equivalent $\langle110\rangle$ directions, i.e. [101],[10$\bar{1}$], [011], and [01$\bar{1}$] directions, are virtually unaffected by the field. Our results, combined with previous work, strongly suggest that most part of short-range polar orders in PMN-$x$PT relaxor systems are robust in the low temperature phase, where they couple strongly to ferroelectric polarizations of the surrounding ferroelectric domains, and would only respond to an external field indirectly through ferroelectric domain rotation.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Molecular Landscape of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications
Creators: name: Marando, Ludovica
name: Huntly, Brian J. P.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Leukemia (A Aguayo, Section Editor)
Topical Collection on Leukemia
Genomics
Mutations
Prognosis
Preleukemia
Clonal evolution
Targeted therapy

description: Funder: University of Cambridge
description: Abstract: Purpose of Review: The field of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has been revolutionized in recent years by the advent of high-throughput techniques, such as next-generation sequencing. In this review, we will discuss some of the recently identified mutations that have defined a new molecular landscape in this disease, as well as their prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic implications. Recent Findings: Recent studies have shown how many cases of AML evolve from a premalignant period of latency characterized by the accumulation of several mutations and the emergence of one or multiple dominant clones. The pattern of co-occurring mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities at diagnosis defines risk and can determine therapeutic approaches to induce remission. Besides the genetic landscape at diagnosis, the continued presence of particular gene mutations during or after treatment carries prognostic information that should further influence strategies to maintain remission in the long term. Summary: The recent progress made in AML research is a seminal example of how basic science can translate into improving clinical practice. Our ability to characterize the genomic landscape of individual patients has not only improved our ability to diagnose and prognosticate but is also bringing the promise of precision medicine to fruition in the field.
Exploring the potent inhibitors and binding modes of Phospholipase A2 through in silico investigation
Creators: name: Shafi Mahmud
name: Md. Rimon Parves
name: Riza, Yasir Mohamed
name: Sujon, Khaled Mahmud
name: Suvendu Ray
name: Fahmida Alam Tithi
name: Zannati Ferdous Zaoti
name: Sanjida Alam
name: N. Absar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Hematology

description: Snake venom of Naja naja comprises of several types of enzymes, and among them, water-soluble proteolytic enzyme, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), is noteworthy for its numerous adverse effects, such as; cytotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, haemolytic, anti-coagulant, and hypotensive effects, including being highly potent as a neurotoxin. Limited anti-venom therapy (with their lower efficacy) has attracted considerable pharmacological interest to develop potent inhibitors of PLA2. Thus, 34 experimentally proven and diverse synthetic inhibitors of PLA2 were screened primarily on the basis of Glide extra precision docking and MM-GBSA rescoring function. Then, ten potential hits were subjected to induced fit docking, in which top three potential inhibitors were considered, and those were found to interact with Ca2+, disulfide binding site, and phosphatidylcholine activation sites, thereby, possibly disrupting the catalytic activity of Ca2+ as well as the inflammatory functions of PLA2. These compounds showed positive remarks on various physiochemical properties and pharmacologically relevant descriptors. Gap energy and thermodynamic properties were investigated by employing density functional theory for all compounds to understand their chemical reactivity and thermodynamic stability. Molecular dynamics simulation was performed for 100ns in order to evaluate the stability and binding modes of docked complexes, and the energy of binding was calculated through MM-PBSA analysis. On the whole, the proposed compounds could be used for targeted inhibition.
The IBER study: study protocol for a feasibility randomised controlled trial of Imagery Based Emotion Regulation for the treatment of anxiety in bipolar disorder
Creators: name: Steel, Craig
name: Wright, Kim
name: Goodwin, Guy
name: Simon, Judit
name: Morant, Nicola
name: Taylor, Rod
name: Brown, Michael
name: Jennings, Susie
name: Hales, Susie
name: Holmes, Emily
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Study Protocol
Bipolar disorder
Anxiety
Emotion regulation
Imagery
Psychological intervention
Feasibility

description: Abstract: Background: Anxiety is highly prevalent in people diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD), and can persist between acute episodes of mania and depression. Recent studies indicate that people with BD are prone to experiencing frequent, intrusive and emotional mental images which further fuel their levels of anxiety and mood instability. These intrusive emotional mental images represent a specific target for treatment for this disorder with the potential to reduce anxiety and improve mood stability. A new brief structured psychological intervention for BD called Imagery Based Emotion Regulation (IBER) has been developed, which translates experimental work in the area of imagery and emotion into a skills training programme to improve the regulation of intrusive and distressing emotional mental images in BD. A feasibility trial is required in order to assess whether a full randomised controlled trial is indicated in order to evaluate this approach. Methods: The design is a two-arm feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT), with 1:1 randomisation stratified by trial site and minimised on medication status and anxiety severity. Participants are 60 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and experiencing at least a mild level of anxiety. Sites are defined by the geographical boundaries of two National Health Service (NHS) Trusts, with recruitment from NHS teams, GP surgeries and self-referral. The intervention is up to 12 sessions of Imagery Based Emotion Regulation within 16 weeks. The comparator is NHS standard care. The primary aim is to assess the feasibility of conducting a powered multi-site RCT to evaluate effectiveness. Measures of anxiety, depression, mania, mood stability and health care use will be conducted at baseline, end of treatment and at 16-week follow-up. Discussion: This is the first feasibility trial of an imagery-based intervention for the treatment of anxiety in bipolar disorder. If the trial proves feasible, a large multi-site trial will be required. Trial registration: ISRCTN16321795. Registered on October 16, 2018. 10.1186/ISRCTN16321795
Saccharodite ignea Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Saccharodite
Saccharodite ignea

description: Saccharodite ignea Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Fig. 289)
 Description. Forewings length in male about 3.3 mm. Colour orange-red; clypeus, rostrum, and hind legs stramineous (fore and middle legs missing in only specimen seen); an orange-red mark at tip of hind femora. Forewings glassy, colourless except for an orange-red section on hind margin before clavus tip. Hindwings colourless with some veins sections near hind margin orange. In profile junction of vertex and face rounded; rostrum reaching posttrochanters; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae by a low ridge. Forewings with Sc+R fork distad of middle of wing; basal median cell about twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; a very small triangle at base of Ms1; tips of Cu1 and Ms1b separated. Male genitalia with pygofer narrow. Genital styles rounded; proximal dorsal process short; distal dorsal process elongated. Apical part of aedeagus with a pair of short, pointed processes at its base; aedeagus ending in two lobes, the left one flat, rounded, the right one projecting to the dorsal-left side ending in a sharp pointed tip.
 Etymology. The species name is a Latin adjective (igneus, -a, -um = fiery).
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 3.3 mm), NORTH BORNEO: BRUNEI: labels: 1) Brunei, Labi / Bukit Teraja / 30km S.E. of Seria / 21–28.iii.1979 2) Primary mixed/dipterocarp/forest, alt. 60m. 3) light trap 2/ 75m. above ground/ L. Sutton /B.M. 1985-50 Labi, 26.VIII.1979, Sutton Coll. (BMNH). Paratype. Same data as holotype, 1 ♂ (BMNH).
 Distribution. North Borneo.
 Diagnosis. Saccharodite ignea resembles Sa. aculeata sp. nov., also from Borneo, in forewing venation and structure of the male aedeagus. It can be easily distinguished from that species by its bright orange-red colour.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on page 142
Narrowing the List of Potential Biosignature Gases for the Search for Life on Exoplanets
Creators: name: Johnson, John Christy
name: Johnson, Peter Anto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Thousands of exoplanets orbit nearby stars and the possibility that one of them may contain extraterrestrial life should be explored. Earth’s atmospheric spectrum has a few characteristic gases (O2,CH4,N2O) and others are posited to appear on exo-Earths (e.g., dimethyl sulfide and CH3Cl). Seager et al. (2016) provided a list of potential biosignatures that could be examined to allow for the further narrowing of gases that could be valuable in determining exoplanet habitability and signs of life. Here, we build on this previous work by examining gas stability and volatility in Earth-like temperatures and pressures. This allows us to further refine the number of potential gases that are useful. We draw and expand upon two viable biosignature gases: Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and dimethyl sulfide (CH3SCH3or DMS). The biggest limitation is this: the biochemistry and ecology of a potential biosignature vary even among Earth-life and so cannot be assumed to be the same on other worlds.
Additional file 4 of Female northern grass lizards judge mates by body shape to reinforce local adaptation
Creators: name: Guo, Kun
name: Chen, Chen
name: Liang, Xiao-Fang
name: Qu, Yan-Fu
name: Ji, Xiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 4: Table S2. Loading of the first two axes of a principal component analysis on three size-adjusted morphological parameters, on which size effects were removed by using residuals from the regressions on snout-vent length. Variables with the main contribution to each factor are in bold face font.
Choi's Proof and Quantum Process Tomography
Creators: name: Leung, D. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum process tomography is a procedure by which an unknown quantum operation can be fully experimentally characterized. We reinterpret Choi's proof of the fact that any completely positive linear map has a Kraus representation [Lin. Alg. and App., 10, 1975] as a method for quantum process tomography. Furthermore, the analysis for obtaining the Kraus operators are particularly simple in this method.
description: submitted to special issue of JMP on QIT
Regulation of forward and backward locomotion through intersegmental feedback circuits in Drosophila larvae
Creators: name: Kohsaka, Hiroshi
name: Zwart, Maarten F.
name: Fushiki, Akira
name: Fetter, Richard D.
name: Truman, James W.
name: Cardona, Albert
name: Nose, Akinao
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2019
Subjects: Article
/631/378
/631/443
/14/35
/14/19
/14/28
/64/24
article

description: Abstract: Animal locomotion requires spatiotemporally coordinated contraction of muscles throughout the body. Here, we investigate how contractions of antagonistic groups of muscles are intersegmentally coordinated during bidirectional crawling of Drosophila larvae. We identify two pairs of higher-order premotor excitatory interneurons present in each abdominal neuromere that intersegmentally provide feedback to the adjacent neuromere during motor propagation. The two feedback neuron pairs are differentially active during either forward or backward locomotion but commonly target a group of premotor interneurons that together provide excitatory inputs to transverse muscles and inhibitory inputs to the antagonistic longitudinal muscles. Inhibition of either feedback neuron pair compromises contraction of transverse muscles in a direction-specific manner. Our results suggest that the intersegmental feedback neurons coordinate contraction of synergistic muscles by acting as delay circuits representing the phase lag between segments. The identified circuit architecture also shows how bidirectional motor networks could be economically embedded in the nervous system.
Saccharodite indochinensis Zelazny & Webb 2011, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Zelazny, B.
name: Webb, M. D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2011
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hemiptera
Derbidae
Saccharodite
Saccharodite indochinensis

description: Saccharodite indochinensis Zelazny, sp. nov.
(Fig. 290)
 Description. Forewings elongated, 2.2 times longer than wide, length in male about 4.2 mm. Colour stramineous to light brown; margins of facial carinae in front and above eyes orange (faintly so in paratype). Forewings glassy; a dark, elongated mark around clavus tip; adjoining hindmargin dark-red; very faintly infuscated from middle of Cu1 to base of Ms1, around base of Ms2, and along apical crossveins; veins in the infuscated areas light brown, remaining veins colourless; four dark spots on base of Sc+R. In profile junction of vertex and face rounded; rostrum reaching post trochanters; subantennal processes connected to margins of facial carinae. Forewings with Sc+R fork before middle of wing; basal median cell broad, more than twice as wide as basal cell between Sc+R and M; tips of Cu1 and Ms1b separated; a triangle at base of Ms1. Male genitalia with pygofer bearing short lateral projections. Apical part of aedeagus elongated, with two prominent dorsal ridges, leaving a central, longitudinal groove; the left ridge finely serrated.
 Etymology. Derived from Indochina, the latinized species name (indochinensis, -ensis, -ense) is an adjective.
 Type material. Holotype ♂ (forewing 4.2 mm), LAOS; labels: 1) LAOS:/ Vientiane Prov. / Ban Van Eue,/ 15.II.1967 2) Native/ Collector/ Bishop (BPBM). Paratype. Same data as holotype, 15.I.1967, 1 ♀ (BPBM).
 Distribution. Laos.
 Diagnosis. Saccharodite indochinensis resembles Sa. matsumurae (Muir) from Taiwan and Sa. chinensis sp. nov. from southern China. It can be separated from these by the elongated infuscation on the forewings adjoining the hind margin around the clavus tip and by the male aedeagus lacking any pointed processes.
description: Published as part of Zelazny, B. & Webb, M. D., 2011, 3071, pp. 1-307 in Zootaxa 3071 on pages 142-143
PASSAT: Particle Accelerator helioScopes for Slim Axion-like-particle deTection
Creators: name: Bonivento, Walter M.
name: Kim, Doojin
name: Sinha, Kuver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a novel method to search for axion-like particles (ALPs) at particle accelerator experiments (exps). ALPs produced at the target via the Primakoff effect subsequently enter a region with a magnetic field, where they are converted to photons that are then detected. Dubbed Particle Accelerator helioScopes for Slim Axion-like-particle deTection (PASSAT), our proposal uses the principle of the axion helioscope but replaces ALPs produced in Sun with those produced in a target material. Since we rely on ALP-photon conversions, our proposal probes light (slim) ALPs that are otherwise inaccessible to lab-based exps which rely on ALP decay, and complements astrophysical probes that are more model-dependent. We first reinterpret existing data from the NOMAD exp in light of PASSAT, and constrain the parameter space for ALPs lighter than ~100 eV and ALP-photon coupling larger than ~$10^{-4}$ GeV$^{-1}$. As benchmarks of feasible low-cost exps improving over the NOMAD limits, we study the possibility of reusing the magnets of the CAST and the proposed BabyIAXO exps and placing them at the proposed BDF facility at CERN, along with some new detectors. We find that these realizations of PASSAT allow for a direct probe of the parameter space for ALPs lighter than ~100 eV and ALP-photon coupling larger than ~4 x $10^{-6}$ GeV$^{-1}$, which are regions that have not been probed yet by exps with lab-produced ALPs. In contrast to other proposals aiming at detecting 1 or 2-photon only events in hadronic beam dump environments, that rely heavily on Monte Carlo simulations, the background (BG) in our proposal can be directly measured in-situ, its suppression optimized, and the irreducible BG statistically subtracted. Sensitivity studies with other beams will be the subject of future work. The measurements suggested here represent an additional physics case for the BDF beyond those already proposed.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, Journal-submitted version
Towards Intuitive Reasoning in Axiomatic Geometry
Creators: name: Doré, Maximilian
name: Broda, Krysia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Proving lemmas in synthetic geometry is often a time-consuming endeavour since many intermediate lemmas need to be proven before interesting results can be obtained. Improvements in automated theorem provers (ATP) in recent years now mean they can prove many of these intermediate lemmas. The interactive theorem prover Elfe accepts mathematical texts written in fair English and verifies them with the help of ATP. Geometrical texts can thereby easily be formalized in Elfe, leaving only the cornerstones of a proof to be derived by the user. This allows for teaching axiomatic geometry to students without prior experience in formalized mathematics.
description: In Proceedings ThEdu'18, arXiv:1903.12402
Heterostructures formed through abraded van der Waals materials
Creators: name: Nutting, Darren
name: Felix, Jorlandio F.
name: Tillotson, Evan
name: Shin, Dong-Wook
name: De Sanctis, Adolfo
name: Chang, Hong
name: Cole, Nick
name: Russo, Saverio
name: Woodgate, Adam
name: Leontis, Ioannis
name: Fernández, Henry A.
name: Craciun, Monica F.
name: Haigh, Sarah J.
name: Withers, Freddie
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/639/4077
/639/301
/639/925
/128
/120
/123
/147
/147/3
/147/28
/147/137
/132
/140/133
article

description: Abstract: To fully exploit van der Waals materials and their vertically stacked heterostructures, new mass-scalable production routes which are low cost but preserve the high electronic and optical quality of the single crystals are required. Here, we demonstrate an approach to realise a variety of functional heterostructures based on van der Waals nanocrystal films produced through the mechanical abrasion of bulk powders. We find significant performance enhancements in abraded heterostructures compared to those fabricated through inkjet printing of nanocrystal dispersions. To highlight the simplicity, applicability and scalability of the device fabrication, we demonstrate a multitude of different functional heterostructures such as resistors, capacitors and photovoltaics. We also demonstrate the creation of energy harvesting devices, such as large area catalytically active coatings for the hydrogen evolution reaction and enhanced triboelectric nanogenerator performance in multilayer films. The ease of device production makes this a promising technological route for up-scalable films and heterostructures.
Imaginary chemical potential in QCD at finite temperature
Creators: name: D'Elia, M.
name: Lombardo, M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After presenting a brief review of how simulations of QCD with imaginary chemical potential can be used to extract physical results, we analyse the phase structure of QCD with four flavours of dynamical fermions in the finite temperature - imaginary chemical potential plane, and discuss perspectives for realistic calculations.
description: 8 pages, 4 eps figures, reference added. Proceedings of the GISELDA Meeting held in Frascati, Italy, 14-18 January 2002
A Neural Network Approach to Identify the Peritumoral Invasive Areas in Glioblastoma Patients by Using MR Radiomics
Creators: name: Yan, Jiun-Lin
name: Li, Chao
name: Hoorn, Anouk Van Der
name: Boonzaier, Natalie R.
name: Matys, Tomasz
name: Price, Stephen J.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
/631/67/2321
/631/67/1922
/692/617/375/1922
article

description: Abstract: The challenge in the treatment of glioblastoma is the failure to identify the cancer invasive area outside the contrast-enhancing tumour which leads to the high local progression rate. Our study aims to identify its progression from the preoperative MR radiomics. 57 newly diagnosed cerebral glioblastoma patients were included. All patients received 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) fluorescence guidance surgery and postoperative temozolomide concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Preoperative 3 T MRI data including structure MR, perfusion MR, and DTI were obtained. Voxel-based radiomics features extracted from 37 patients were used in the convolutional neural network to train and as internal validation. Another 20 patients of the cohort were tested blindly as external validation. Our results showed that the peritumoural progression areas had higher signal intensity in FLAIR (p = 0.02), rCBV (p = 0.038), and T1C (p = 0.0004), and lower intensity in ADC (p = 0.029) and DTI-p (p = 0.001) compared to non-progression area. The identification of the peritumoural progression area was done by using a supervised convolutional neural network. There was an overall accuracy of 92.6% in the training set and 78.5% in the validation set. Multimodal MR radiomics can demonstrate distinct characteristics in areas of potential progression on preoperative MRI.
Elliott-Yafet Spin-Phonon Relaxation Times from First Principles
Creators: name: Park, Jinsoo
name: Zhou, Jin-Jian
name: Bernardi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a first-principles approach for computing the phonon-limited $T_1$ spin relaxation time due to the Elliot-Yafet mechanism. Our scheme combines fully-relativistic spin-flip electron-phonon interactions with an approach to compute the effective spin of band electrons in materials with inversion symmetry. We apply our method to silicon and diamond, for which we compute the temperature dependence of the spin relaxation times and analyze the contributions to spin relaxation from different phonons and valley processes. The computed spin relaxation times in silicon are in excellent agreement with experiment in the 50$-$300 K temperature range. In diamond, we predict intrinsic spin relaxation times of 540 $μ$s at 77 K and 2.3 $μ$s at 300 K. Our work enables precise predictions of spin-phonon relaxation times in a wide range of materials, providing microscopic insight into spin relaxation and guiding the development of spin-based quantum technologies.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted
Observability of Earth-skimming Ultra-high Energy Neutrinos
Creators: name: Feng, Jonathan L.
name: Fisher, Peter
name: Wilczek, Frank
name: Yu, Terri M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neutrinos with energies above 10^8 GeV are expected from cosmic ray interactions with the microwave background and are predicted in many speculative models. Such energetic neutrinos are difficult to detect, as they are shadowed by the Earth, but rarely interact in the atmosphere. Here we propose a novel detection strategy: Earth-skimming neutrinos convert to charged leptons that escape the Earth, and these leptons are detected in ground level fluorescence detectors. With the existing HiRes detector, neutrinos from some proposed sources are marginally detectable, and improvements of two orders of magnitude are possible at the proposed Telescope Array.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Nature Inspired Dimensional Reduction Technique for Fast and Invariant Visual Feature Extraction
Creators: name: Bandara, Ravimal
name: Ranathunga, Lochandaka
name: Abdullah, Nor Aniza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fast and invariant feature extraction is crucial in certain computer vision applications where the computation time is constrained in both training and testing phases of the classifier. In this paper, we propose a nature-inspired dimensionality reduction technique for fast and invariant visual feature extraction. The human brain can exchange the spatial and spectral resolution to reconstruct missing colors in visual perception. The phenomenon is widely used in the printing industry to reduce the number of colors used to print, through a technique, called color dithering. In this work, we adopt a fast error-diffusion color dithering algorithm to reduce the spectral resolution and extract salient features by employing novel Hessian matrix analysis technique, which is then described by a spatial-chromatic histogram. The computation time, descriptor dimensionality and classification performance of the proposed feature are assessed under drastic variances in orientation, viewing angle and illumination of objects comparing with several different state-of-the-art handcrafted and deep-learned features. Extensive experiments on two publicly available object datasets, coil-100 and ALOI carried on both a desktop PC and a Raspberry Pi device show multiple advantages of using the proposed approach, such as the lower computation time, high robustness, and comparable classification accuracy under weakly supervised environment. Further, it showed the capability of operating solely inside a conventional SoC device utilizing a small fraction of the available hardware resources.
description: 11 pages, 11 figures, IJTCSE
A construction of quotient A_infinity-categories
Creators: name: Lyubashenko, Volodymyr
name: Ovsienko, Sergiy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: K-Theory and Homology (math.KT)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct an A_infinity-category D(C|B) from a given A_infinity-category C and its full subcategory B. The construction is similar to a particular case of Drinfeld's quotient of differential graded categories. We use D(C|B) to construct an A_infinity-functor of K-injective resolutions of a complex. The conventional derived category is obtained as the 0-th cohomology of the quotient of differential graded category of complexes over acyclic complexes.
description: 49 pages, LaTeX, uses Paul Taylor's diagrams.tex. Close to published version
Non-uniqueness of weak solutions to hyperviscous Navier–Stokes equations: on sharpness of J.-L. Lions exponent
Creators: name: Luo, Tianwen
name: Titi, Edriss S.
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Article
35Q30

description: Abstract: Using the convex integration technique for the three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations introduced by Buckmaster and Vicol, it is shown the existence of non-unique weak solutions for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations with fractional hyperviscosity (-Δ)θ, whenever the exponent θ is less than Lions’ exponent 5/4, i.e., when θ<5/4.
Novel universality class of absorbing transitions with continuously varying critical exponents
Creators: name: Noh, Jae Dong
name: Park, Hyunggyu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The well-established universality classes of absorbing critical phenomena are directed percolation (DP) and directed Ising (DI) classes. Recently, the pair contact process with diffusion (PCPD) has been investigated extensively and claimed to exhibit a new type of critical phenomena distinct from both DP and DI classes. Noticing that the PCPD possesses a long-term memory effect, we introduce a generalized version of the PCPD (GPCPD) with a parameter controlling the memory effect. The GPCPD connects the DP fixed point to the PCPD point continuously. Monte Carlo simulations show that the GPCPD displays novel type critical phenomena which are characterized by continuously varying critical exponents. The same critical behaviors are also observed in models where two species of particles are coupled cyclically. We suggest that the long-term memory may serve as a marginal perturbation to the ordinary DP fixed point.
description: 13 pages + 10 figures (Full paper version)