cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient Markov Network Structure Discovery Using Independence Tests
Creators: name: Bromberg, Facundo
name: Margaritis, Dimitris
name: Honavar, Vasant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present two algorithms for learning the structure of a Markov network from data: GSMN* and GSIMN. Both algorithms use statistical independence tests to infer the structure by successively constraining the set of structures consistent with the results of these tests. Until very recently, algorithms for structure learning were based on maximum likelihood estimation, which has been proved to be NP-hard for Markov networks due to the difficulty of estimating the parameters of the network, needed for the computation of the data likelihood. The independence-based approach does not require the computation of the likelihood, and thus both GSMN* and GSIMN can compute the structure efficiently (as shown in our experiments). GSMN* is an adaptation of the Grow-Shrink algorithm of Margaritis and Thrun for learning the structure of Bayesian networks. GSIMN extends GSMN* by additionally exploiting Pearls well-known properties of the conditional independence relation to infer novel independences from known ones, thus avoiding the performance of statistical tests to estimate them. To accomplish this efficiently GSIMN uses the Triangle theorem, also introduced in this work, which is a simplified version of the set of Markov axioms. Experimental comparisons on artificial and real-world data sets show GSIMN can yield significant savings with respect to GSMN*, while generating a Markov network with comparable or in some cases improved quality. We also compare GSIMN to a forward-chaining implementation, called GSIMN-FCH, that produces all possible conditional independences resulting from repeatedly applying Pearls theorems on the known conditional independence tests. The results of this comparison show that GSIMN, by the sole use of the Triangle theorem, is nearly optimal in terms of the set of independences tests that it infers.
Economic Impact of Discontinuing Farm Use of Chlordane
Creators: name: Jenkins, Robert P.
name: Delvo, Herman W.
name: Fox, Austin S.
name: Jenkins, Robert P.
name: Delvo, Herman W.
name: Fox, Austin S.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Insecticides
subject: pesticides
subject: agricultural production
subject: economic impact
subject: corn
subject: potatoes
subject: citrus
subject: strawberries
subject: vegetables

description: In 1971, U.S. farmers would have incurred additional costs of over $1.84 million if farm uses of the insecticide chlordane had been discontinued. Based on estimates of 1971 acreage treated with chlordane, this aggregate loss would have included $1.56 million in additional costs for alternative insecticides and $0.28 million in yield losses. Added costs for alternative insecticides would have ranged from $0.18 an acre for cotton to $6.77 an acre for corn. For producers of potatoes, tomatoes, strawberries, and certain vegetables, the added cost would have averaged about $2.25 an acre. Because alternative insecticides are not as effective as chlordane in controlling insects on citrus, strawberries, and certain vegetables, per acre yield losses for these crops would have been $31, $75, and $23, respectively. Total use of chlordane would have decreased by 601,000 pounds if farm use had been discontinued. But the increase in alternative insecticides would have been about 1.1 million pounds--primarily carbaryl and diazinon for com production and small amounts of phorate, EPN, parathion, and methyl parathion for other crops.
A INTERPRETAÇÃO DO DESENVOLVIMENTO DEPENDENTE E ASSOCIADO DE FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARDOSO UMA REVISITAÇÃO CRÍTICA
Creators: name: Albertin de Moraes, Isaías
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Economic history
Economic development policy
Latin and South American history

description: O artigo tem como escopo de revisitar a interpretação sociológica do desenvolvimento dependente e associado da América Latina para Fernando Henrique Cardoso. A hipótese elencada pela pesquisa é de que Cardoso faz uma leitura equivocada sobre desenvolvimento dependente e associado via poupança externa, crendo que o transbordamento de capital forte oriundo das economias centrais seria capaz de alavancar a sofisticação da estrutura produtiva brasileira. O artigo empregou como procedimentos metodológico revisão bibliográfica do autor pesquisado, de renomados pesquisadores que se dedicam a temática e dados empíricos da realidade econômica contemporânea do Brasil. O texto foi dividido em duas seções, além da introdução e considerações finais. Na primeira seção, apresentam-se os principais preceitos da interpretação sociológica da dependência e desenvolvimento de Cardoso. Na segunda seção, demonstra-se como que os preceitos de desenvolvimento dependente e associado de Cardoso levaram a estrutura produtiva brasileira a desnacionalização, a desindustrialização e a reprimarização. O resultado que o texto chega é de que embora a interpretação da dependência e desenvolvimento de Cardoso seja uma abordagem original e intricada, o autor falha ao empregar uma metodologia hipotética e dedutiva, menosprezando aspectos concretos e indutivos da relação econômica centro-periferia, presumindo que seria possível o desenvolvimento econômico dos países periféricos via poupança externa.
R codes for the experiments in the paper "State-Space Models on the Stiefel Manifold with a New Approach to Nonlinear Filtering"
Creators: name: Yang, Yukai
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: state-space models
Stiefel manifold
matrix Langevin distribution
filtering
smoothing
Laplace method
dynamic factor model
cointegration

description: provides R codes and RMarkdown files for all the experiments in the paper "State-Space Models on Stiefel Manifold with A New Approach to Nonlinear Filtering". The codes and the corresponding RMarkdown were written in November 2018.

Notice that you will have to install the package "SMFilter" before running the RMarkdown code. The package can be found

SMFilter@CRAN

or on my GitHub

https://github.com/yukai-yang/SMFilter
title: World History Connected, Vol. 20 No. 2: Summer 2023
title: Summer 2023
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: World History Connected
Publisher: name: World History Connected
Year: 2023

description: The Summer 2023 issue (Vol. 20 No. 2) of World History Connected features two Forums. The first focuses on "The American West in World History" and the second explores "Teaching History in Contentious Times."
description: Submission Guide and Style Sheet Abdelmajid Hannoum, The Invention of the Maghreb: Between Africa and the Middle East. David Stasavage, The Decline and Rise of Democracy: A Global History from Antiquity to Today. Penny M. Von Eschen, Paradoxes of Nostalgia: Cold War Triumphalism and Global Disorder Since 1989. Raja Adal, Beauty in the Age of Empire: Japan, Egypt, and the Global History of Aesthetic Education. John Aberth, The Black Death: A New History of the Great Mortality in Europe, 1347-1500. Our Students Don’t Feel Connected Teaching the Truth is True Patriotism Our Students Deserve to Know Their History CRT Battle Comes Close to Home Signing the Zinn Education "Teach the Truth" Petition Teaching the Truth Means Embracing the Community What Makes History Matter Freedom to Teach Introduction to the Forum: Teaching History in Contentious Times Journey to the Center of the World: Memory and the Sacred in the Colorado Desert Global Connections: Humboldt's Scientific Interest in California and the West Catastrophes with Consequences: Anglo-American trans-Oceanic Ambitions and the Failed Franklin and Strain Expeditions Gone West Through the Tropics: The Isthmus of Panama and the History of the American West Connecting Nordic Colonialism and the American West: Gustaf Nordenskiöld, Mesa Verde, and Colonial Entanglements Introduction to the Forum: The American West in World History Brief Summary of the Issue
Test-particle acceleration in a hierarchical three-dimensional turbulence model
Creators: name: Dalena, S.
name: Rappazzo, A. F.
name: Dmitruk, P.
name: Greco, A.
name: Matthaeus, W. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The acceleration of charged particles is relevant to the solar corona over a broad range of scales and energies. High-energy particles are usually detected in concomitance with large energy release events like solar eruptions and flares, nevertheless acceleration can occur at smaller scales, characterized by dynamical activity near current sheets. To gain insight into the complex scenario of coronal charged particle acceleration, we investigate the properties of acceleration with a test-particle approach using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models. These are obtained from direct solutions of the reduced MHD equations, well suited for a plasma embedded in a strong axial magnetic field, relevant to the inner heliosphere. A multi-box, multi-scale technique is used to solve the equations of motion for protons. This method allows us to resolve an extended range of scales present in the system, namely from the ion inertial scale of the order of a meter up to macroscopic scales of the order of $10\,$km ($1/100$th of the outer scale of the system). This new technique is useful to identify the mechanisms that, acting at different scales, are responsible for acceleration to high energies of a small fraction of the particles in the coronal plasma. We report results that describe acceleration at different stages over a broad range of time, length and energy scales.
description: 12 pages, 8 figures, ApJ (in press)
title: Changes to Climate Central’s Risk Finder Tool: A Usability Report
Creators: name: Sikes, Justin
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Students in the Fall English 231C Honors Climate Change and Crisis Communication course worked with instructor Megan McKittrick and Dr. Richards to conduct a usability test of Climate Central’s Risk Finder tool. Using the qualitative data, general trends that indicate potential areas of improvement for the website were identified. Students’ tasks were to find volunteers for the usability test through systematic sampling, conduct the test and analyze the audio recordings, and finally to code the data for themes to see if any trends became apparent. Several things became noticeable after looking at the responses of the four research participants, particularly their reported inability to find the information they were looking for, even when such information was on the site. Through their reactions while using the information tool, key areas where website redesigns could improve usability were pinpointed. These areas included installing a loading cursor icon and adding color-coded areas on the interactive map to account for the differing severity of flood risk. Lastly, modifying the help menu to make it stand out may guide users to use the help tools right when they need them.
Complex Question Answering: Unsupervised Learning Approaches and Experiments
Creators: name: Chali, Yllias
name: Joty, Shafiq Rayhan
name: Hasan, Sadid A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex questions that require inferencing and synthesizing information from multiple documents can be seen as a kind of topic-oriented, informative multi-document summarization where the goal is to produce a single text as a compressed version of a set of documents with a minimum loss of relevant information. In this paper, we experiment with one empirical method and two unsupervised statistical machine learning techniques: K-means and Expectation Maximization (EM), for computing relative importance of the sentences. We compare the results of these approaches. Our experiments show that the empirical approach outperforms the other two techniques and EM performs better than K-means. However, the performance of these approaches depends entirely on the feature set used and the weighting of these features. In order to measure the importance and relevance to the user query we extract different kinds of features (i.e. lexical, lexical semantic, cosine similarity, basic element, tree kernel based syntactic and shallow-semantic) for each of the document sentences. We use a local search technique to learn the weights of the features. To the best of our knowledge, no study has used tree kernel functions to encode syntactic/semantic information for more complex tasks such as computing the relatedness between the query sentences and the document sentences in order to generate query-focused summaries (or answers to complex questions). For each of our methods of generating summaries (i.e. empirical, K-means and EM) we show the effects of syntactic and shallow-semantic features over the bag-of-words (BOW) features.
Null hypothesis significance testing defended and calibrated by Bayesian model checking
Creators: name: Bickel, David R.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: hypothesis testing
model checking
objective Bayes factor
p value calibration
relative belief ratio
reproducibility crisis

description: Null hypothesis significance testing is often criticized because attaining statistical significance does not necessarily imply that the posterior probability is low relative to to the prior probability. That discrepancy between significance testing and Bayesian hypothesis testing occurs whenever the statistical power is low.

However, if both the significance level and the power are small, then the Bayesian model would assign a low prior probability to the observation that the data achieved statistical significance. That conflict between the model and the data may indicate that the model needs revision. More formally, if the achieved significance level is sufficiently small while the posterior probability is insufficiently small, then the model will fail a prior predictive model check, being found inadequate for inference and decision purposes.

That result leads to a simple way to calibrate a p value by transforming it into an upper bound on the posterior probability of the null hypothesis for any Bayesian model that would pass the prior predictive check. The calibration may be calculated from a prior probability of the null hypothesis and the stringency of the prior predictive check without more detailed Bayesian modeling. An advantage of an upper bound as opposed to the usual lower bounds is that it justifies concluding that the null hypothesis has a low posterior probability.
Family planning training in crisis settings
Creators: name: Archer, Helena
name: Malu, Afa
name: Tollefson, Deanna
name: McClelland, Scott
name: START Center
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: The START Team reviewed published and grey literature and consulted field experts in family planning, emergency response, and mobile health to evaluate the current landscape of training for family planning in crisis settings and to identify opportunities for growth and improvement.
Energy- and momentum-conserving AGN feedback outflows
Creators: name: Zubovas, Kastytis
name: Nayakshin, Sergei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is usually assumed that outflows from luminous AGN are either in the energy-conserving (non-radiative) or in the momentum-conserving (radiative) regime. We show that in a non-spherical geometry the effects of both regimes may manifest at the same time, and that it is the momentum of the outflow that sets the $M_{\rm BH}-σ$ relation. Considering an initially elliptical distribution of gas in the host galaxy, we show that a non-radiative outflow opens up a wide ``escape route'' over the paths of least resistance. Most of the outflow energy escapes in that direction. At the same time, in the directions of higher resistance, the ambient gas is affected mainly by the incident momentum from the outflow. Quenching SMBH growth requires quenching gas delivery along the paths of highest resistance, and therefore, it is the momentum of the outflow that limits the black hole growth. We present an analytical argument showing that such energy-conserving feedback bubbles driving leaky ambient shells will terminate SMBH growth once its mass reaches roughly the $M_σ$ mass derived earlier by King (2003) for momentum-conserving AGN outflows. Our simulations also have potentially important implications for observations of AGN jet feedback and starburst galaxy feedback. The collimation of the wide angle AGN outflow away from the symmetry plane, as found in our simulations, indicates that credit for work done by such outflows may sometimes be mistakenly given to AGN jets or star formation feedback since wide angle $v \sim 0.1 c$ outflows are harder to observe and the phase when they are present may be short.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
title: Our Lady of the Island: Our Lady of Lourdes grotto reproduction and use in two Newfoundland communities
Creators: name: Kiigemagi, Cynthia A.
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newfoundland
Year: 2023

description: Replicated Catholic grottos are local religious shrines fashioned after famous Catholic sites. Many of these reproduced shrines are dedicated to Mary, the Mother of Jesus, and are designed after global Marian apparition sites, such as Our Lady of Lourdes in southwestern France. Replicated grottos play a part in Catholic communities through collective identity, religious narrative, and individual and communal devotions. Researching the replication of Lourdes's shrines can offer insight into the religious practices of groups and communities and the spiritual nuances of vernacular belief. This thesis examines two replicated Our Lady of Lourdes grottos in Renews and Flatrock, Newfoundland, and Labrador, Canada, by locating how these communities creatively negotiate local devotional sites. The central focus of this thesis lies in both the material context of these grottos and the oral narratives which have developed around them. These memetic edifices developed as a form of “creative theology” by the people and for the people (Cunneen 1996, xvii). I offer three arguments in this work. First, Our Lady of Lourdes reproductions are vernacular (folk) sites similar to the original French grotto site in its initial stages. Second, these replicated grotto sites are ostensive reproductions based on the legendary accounts of Bernadette’s experiences at Lourdes and should be recognized as such. Third, these reproductions are feminine in form and message; therefore, during a time of Church turmoil concerning clerical abuse, they offer an alternative to male-dominated places of Catholic worship. Using historical and ethnographic approaches, this work recognizes replicated Our Lady of Lourdes grottos as sacred spaces that are part of Newfoundland and Labrador's oral, historical, and visual religious culture. As such, they deserve to be recognized within the religious and cultural tapestry of Atlantic Canada.
MPEC 2023-G04 : 2023 FQ13
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FQ13

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Anisotropic intrinsic spin Hall effect in quantum wires
Creators: name: Cummings, A. W.
name: Akis, R.
name: Ferry, D. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use numerical simulations to investigate the spin Hall effect in quantum wires in the presence of both Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. We find that the intrinsic spin Hall effect is highly anisotropic with respect to the orientation of the wire, and that the nature of this anisotropy depends strongly on the electron density and the relative strengths of the Rashba and Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. In particular, at low densities when only one subband of the quantum wire is occupied, the spin Hall effect is strongest for electron momentum along the $[\bar{1}10]$ axis, which is opposite than what is expected for the purely 2D case. In addition, when more than one subband is occupied, the strength and anisotropy of the spin Hall effect can vary greatly over relatively small changes in electron density, which makes it difficult to predict which wire orientation will maximize the strength of the spin Hall effect. These results help to illuminate the role of quantum confinement in spin-orbit-coupled systems, and can serve as a guide for future experimental work on the use of quantum wires for spin-Hall-based spintronic applications.
description: 19 pages and 4 figures
Organization, Costs, and Returns, Northwest Cattle Ranches, 1960-71
Creators: name: Goodsell, Wylie D.
name: Goodsell, Wylie D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1972
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Production Economics
subject: Cattle
subject: calves
subject: investment
subject: costs and returns
subject: ranch income

description: Net returns in 1971 were record high on viable commercial cattle ranches in the Northern Plains and the Northern Rocky Mountain areas, 2 of the most important cow-calf producing areas in the United States. Record-high prices received for calves contributed most to higher returns. Better than average range conditions the last 5 years, a record-large breeding herd, calving rate, and calf market weights, and lower death loss also contributed to the top returns in the Northern Plains. In the Rocky Mountain area livestock prices advanced a little more than in the Plains but range conditions were less favorable than a year earlier and there was little change in breeding herd size. However, with calving rates remaining at the 1970 record level, and with lower death losses and new highs for calf market weights, total livestock marketings topped 1970's record by almost 5 percent.
Prevalence of rotavirus among people 5 years and older with diarrhea: A systematic review & meta-analysis
Creators: name: Arakaki, Lola
name: Seiler, Jessie
name: Tollefson, Deanna
name: Drain, Paul
name: Kharono, Brenda
name: START Center
Publisher: name: Gates Open Research
Year: 2023

description: The START team conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the burden of diarrhea attributed to rotavirus in children >5 years of age and adults. Internal note: This project was commissioned by the Gates Foundation due to skepticism on GBD estimates of rotavirus in these groups (much higher estimates than expected).
Scattering of Scalar Field by an Extended Black Hole in F(R) gravity
Creators: name: Sebastian, Saneesh
name: Kuriakose, V. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we have studied the scattering of scalar field around an extended black hole in F(R) gravity using WKB method. We have obtained the wave function in different regions such as near the horizon region, away from horizon and far away from horizon and the absorption cross section are calculated. We find that the absorption cross section is inversely proportional to the cube of Hawking temperature. We have also evaluated the Hawking temperature of the black hole via tunneling method.
description: 9 page, no figures, To appear in MPLA
Особенности выбора материалов для оборудования высокотемпературных сверхпроводящих электрических машин
Creators: name: Владимировна, Шевченко Валентина
name: Заныхайло Евгений Александрович
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2009
Subjects: высокотемпературные сверхпроводники
электрические машины
криостаты

description: Опубликовано: [Шевченко В.В., Заныхайло Е.А. Особенности выбора материалов для оборудования высокотемпературных сверхпроводящих электрических машин // Сборник тезисов докладов XLIII научно-практической конференции научно-педагогических работников, ученых, аспирантов и сотрудников академии (20-23 декабря 2009 г.), часть 1, секция "Электроэнергетики ".  - Украина, Харьков: УИПА, Энергетический факультет, 2009. - С. 24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2529549]

Применение сверхпроводников в электромашиностроении позволяет увеличить предельную мощность и КПД турбогенераторов, улучшить другие показатели Их применение еще выгоднее, если речь идет о высокотемпературных сверхпроводниках.

Ключевые слова: высокотемпературные сверхпроводники, электрические машины, криостаты.
Bounds Arc Consistency for Weighted CSPs
Creators: name: Zytnicki, Matthias
name: Gaspin, Christine
name: de Givry, Simon
name: Schiex, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Weighted Constraint Satisfaction Problem (WCSP) framework allows representing and solving problems involving both hard constraints and cost functions. It has been applied to various problems, including resource allocation, bioinformatics, scheduling, etc. To solve such problems, solvers usually rely on branch-and-bound algorithms equipped with local consistency filtering, mostly soft arc consistency. However, these techniques are not well suited to solve problems with very large domains. Motivated by the resolution of an RNA gene localization problem inside large genomic sequences, and in the spirit of bounds consistency for large domains in crisp CSPs, we introduce soft bounds arc consistency, a new weighted local consistency specifically designed for WCSP with very large domains. Compared to soft arc consistency, BAC provides significantly improved time and space asymptotic complexity. In this paper, we show how the semantics of cost functions can be exploited to further improve the time complexity of BAC. We also compare both in theory and in practice the efficiency of BAC on a WCSP with bounds consistency enforced on a crisp CSP using cost variables. On two different real problems modeled as WCSP, including our RNA gene localization problem, we observe that maintaining bounds arc consistency outperforms arc consistency and also improves over bounds consistency enforced on a constraint model with cost variables.
Vidyankur Journal of Philosophical & Theological Studies (XXV, February 2023)
Creators: name: Dr. Fr. Stephen Jayard
name: Jnana Deepa Centre For Science And Religion
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence

description: Vidyankur: Journal of Philosophical and Theological Studies is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary. It is a bi-annual journal published in January and July, seeking to discern wisdom in our troubled times. Inspiring and brief academic articles beneficial to the educated audience are welcome. It attempts to foster personal integration through philosophical search, theological insights, scientific openness and social concern. This issue is on the topic: Humanising Machines or Mechanising Humans; Artificial Intelligence: Issues & Perspectives
Vidyankur Journal of Philosophical & Theological Studies (XXV, February 2023)
Creators: name: Dr. Fr. Stephen Jayard
name: Science, Jnana Deepa Centre For
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence

description: Vidyankur: Journal of Philosophical and Theological Studies is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary. It is a bi-annual journal published in January and July, seeking to discern wisdom in our troubled times. Inspiring and brief academic articles beneficial to the educated audience are welcome. It attempts to foster personal integration through philosophical search, theological insights, scientific openness and social concern. This issue is on the topic: Humanising Machines or Mechanising Humans; Artificial Intelligence: Issues & Perspectives
Existence of minimizers for generalized Lagrangian functionals and a necessary optimality condition --- Application to fractional variational problems
Creators: name: Bourdin, Loïc
name: Odzijewicz, Tatiana
name: Torres, Delfim F. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 26A33, 49J05

description: We study dynamic minimization problems of the calculus of variations with generalized Lagrangian functionals that depend on a general linear operator $K$ and defined on bounded-time intervals. Under assumptions of regularity, convexity and coercivity, we derive sufficient conditions ensuring the existence of a minimizer. Finally, we obtain necessary optimality conditions of Euler-Lagrange type. Main results are illustrated with special cases, when $K$ is a general kernel operator and, in particular, with $K$ the fractional integral of Riemann-Liouville and Hadamard. The application of our results to the recent fractional calculus of variations gives answer to an open question posed in [Abstr. Appl. Anal. 2012, Art. ID 871912; doi:10.1155/2012/871912].
description: This is a preprint of a paper whose final and definite form will appear in Differential and Integral Equations, ISSN 0893-4983 (See http://www.aftabi.com/DIE.html). Submitted 19/July/2013; Accepted 16/March/2014
The concept of Developmental State revisited
Creators: name: Albertin de Moraes, Isaías
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 380399
subject: Economic theory not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 380301
subject: History of economic thought
classificationCode: 380302
subject: Macroeconomic theory

description: The article lists as a hypothesis that the concept of Developmental State has recently undergone variations and needs to be revisited and updated, but not discarded; on the contrary, it remains extremely important nowadays. In order to test its hypothesis, the article adopted as a technical-methodological procedure a systematic approach of bibliographic sources, intending to conduct a State-of-the-Art Study about the Theory and the concept of the Developmental State. The results obtained were that the concept of Developmental State remains elementary, but it has become more complex, intricate, aggregated and dynamic. The article dares, therefore, to present a new concept of Developmental State.
Current Municipal Spending on Culture in the Italian Regions During the Period 2010-2020
Creators: name: Leogrande, Angelo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Istat calculates the value of municipalities' current spending on culture. The variable is defined as the value of accrual payments for the protection and valorisation of cultural assets and activities, in euros per capita. The data refers to the Italian regions between 2010 and 2020.
Reﬂective thinking in an EFL Writing Course: To what level do portfolios improve reﬂection in writing?
Creators: name: Farahian, Majid
name: Avarzamani, Farnaz
name: Rajabi, Yosef
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Education
subject: 130103 Higher Education
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description:

 As a part of a larger research project, the present study investigated the role of portfolios in enhancing different levels of reflection in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing. As such, a reflection on writing questionnaire (RWQ) was given to the participants to assess their level of reflection in EFL writing. Overall, 69 university students as members of control and experimental groups participated in the present study. To consolidate the findings, the essays produced by both groups were also evaluated, and through a coding scheme, different levels of reflection were identified. Additionally, a semi-structured interview was conducted and the themes extracted from the essays were categorized by 4Rs model of reflective thinking. The results of the questionnaire revealed that among the subscales of reflection, understanding, and reflection of the experimental group improved but the treatment did not result in a significant effect on EFL learners’ critical reflection. The findings are presented with recommendations for incorporating portfolio writing in EFL courses to promote EFL writes’ reflection on writing.
Comment on "Structural evidence for a dynamic metallocofactor during N2 reduction by Mo-nitrogenase"
Creators: name: Peters, John W
name: Einsle, Oliver
name: Dean, Dennis R.
name: DeBeer, Serena
name: Hoffman, Brian M.
name: Holland, Patrick L.
name: Seefeldt, Lance C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: 6UG0 model refined with S at the FeMo-cofactor position of the putative N2-derived species
Graphene's morphology and electronic properties from discrete differential geometry
Creators: name: Sanjuan, Alejandro A. Pacheco
name: Wang, Zhengfei
name: Imani, Hamed Pour
name: Vanević, Mihajlo
name: Barraza-Lopez, Salvador
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The geometry of two-dimensional crystalline membranes dictates their mechanical, electronic and chemical properties. The local geometry of a surface is determined from the two invariants of the metric and the curvature tensors. Here we discuss those invariants directly from atomic positions in terms of angles, areas, vertex and normal vectors from carbon atoms on the graphene lattice, for arbitrary elastic regimes and atomic conformations, and without recourse to an effective continuum model. The geometrical analysis of graphene membranes under mechanical load is complemented with a study of the local density of states (LDOS), discrete induced gauge potentials, velocity renormalization, and non-trivial electronic effects originating from the scalar deformation potential. The asymmetric LDOS is related to sublattice-specific deformation potential differences, giving rise to the pseudomagnetic field. The results here enable the study of geometrical, mechanical and electronic properties for arbitrarily-shaped graphene membranes in experimentally-relevant regimes without recourse to differential geometry and continuum elasticity.
description: Accepted on 02/12/2014. PRB (Rapid Communication)
The VIMOS Ultra-Deep Survey: ~10,000 galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts to study galaxy assembly at early epochs 2
Creators: name: Fevre, O. Le
name: Tasca, L. A. M.
name: Cassata, P.
name: Garilli, B.
name: Brun, V. Le
name: Maccagni, D.
name: Pentericci, L.
name: Thomas, R.
name: Vanzella, E.
name: Zamorani, G.
name: Zucca, E.
name: Amorin, R.
name: Bardelli, S.
name: Capak, P.
name: Cassara, L.
name: Castellano, M.
name: Cimatti, A.
name: Cuby, J. G.
name: Cucciati, O.
name: de la Torre, S.
name: Durkalec, A.
name: Fontana, A.
name: Giavalisco, M.
name: Grazian, A.
name: Hathi, N. P.
name: Ilbert, O.
name: Lemaux, B. C.
name: Moreau, C.
name: Paltani, S.
name: Ribeiro, B.
name: Salvato, M.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Scodeggio, M.
name: Sommariva, V.
name: Talia, M.
name: Taniguchi, Y.
name: Tresse, L.
name: Vergani, D.
name: Wang, P. W.
name: Charlot, S.
name: Contini, T.
name: Fotopoulo, S.
name: Lopez-Sanjuan, C.
name: Mellier, Y.
name: Scoville, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the VIMOS Ultra Deep Survey (VUDS), a spectroscopic redshift survey of ~10.000 very faint galaxies to study the major phase of galaxy assembly 2
description: 43 pages, 30 figures, submitted to A&A
Early Thermal Evolution of Planetesimals and its Impact on Processing and Dating of Meteoritic Material
Creators: name: Gail, H. -P.
name: Trieloff, M.
name: Breuer, D.
name: Spohn, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Radioisotopic ages for meteorites and their components provide constraints on the evolution of small bodies: timescales of accretion, thermal and aqueous metamorphism, differentiation, cooling and impact metamorphism. Realising that the decay heat of short-lived nuclides (e.g. 26Al, 60Fe), was the main heat source driving differentiation and metamorphism, thermal modeling of small bodies is of utmost importance to set individual meteorite age data into the general context of the thermal evolution of their parent bodies, and to derive general conclusions about the nature of planetary building blocks in the early solar system. As a general result, modelling easily explains that iron meteorites are older than chondrites, as early formed planetesimals experienced a higher concentration of short-lived nuclides and more severe heating. However, core formation processes may also extend to 10 Ma after formation of Calcium-Aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs). A general effect of the porous nature of the starting material is that relatively small bodies (< few km) will also differentiate if they form within 2 Ma after CAIs. A particular interesting feature to be explored is the possibility that some chondrites may derive from the outer undifferentiated layers of asteroids that are differentiated in their interiors. This could explain the presence of remnant magnetization in some chondrites due to a planetary magnetic field.
description: 24 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication as a chapter in Protostars and Planets VI, University of Arizona Press (2014), eds. H. Beuther, R. Klessen, C. Dullemond, Th. Henning
(draft of) Generalized Geohash: a methodology for implementing hash functions that generate hierarchical base32 geocodes
Creators: name: Krauss, Peter
name: Everton Bortolini
name: Jean, Thierry
name: Julião, Rui Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: geoprocessing
geocode
spatial index

description: The global gridding schemes used for position representation on the surface of the Earth, also named discrete global grids (DGG), have a numeric identifier (ID) associated with each cell in the grid.  A useful subtype, the recursive 4-region hierarchical DGGs, based on Hilbert,  Z-order or similar spatial indexers, have their IDs structured with base4 (2 bits) numeric schemes, in order to reproduce the spatial hierarchy in the internal structure of the ID. The numerical representations base16 and base64 are options for the compact representation of the ID value, because they are powers of 4, which identify an internal cell with each added digit. However, when using as geocode the most common demand is by base32 (5 bits), which only displays the spatial grid hierarchy (structured in base4) every two digits. The solution adopted by Geohash was to represent its geocodes with an odd number of digits in a degenerate spatial grid. Generalized Geohash proposes to adopt the same strategy to enable the use of base32 in other indexes, including those based on Hilbert curve. The generalization consists of offering a general algorithm for the construction of the degenerate grid, from the union of two neighboring cells of the next hierarchical level. In applications oriented to the representation only of isolated points, or indexing of the Point-Region Quadtree type, loss of uniformity in the degenerate grid does not cause an impact nor is it even perceptible by the end user: with this hypothesis of work it was possible to establish a simple and comprehensive methodology , making possible the use of technologies such as S2geometry as alternatives to conventional Geohash. The reindexing algorithm and its geometry are also analyzed. In practical terms, it can be concluded that Generalized Geohash can contribute to the development of location-based addressing systems.
Enhancing QA Systems with Complex Temporal Question Processing Capabilities
Creators: name: Saquete, Estela
name: Vicedo, Jose Luis
name: Martínez-Barco, Patricio
name: Muñoz, Rafael
name: Llorens, Hector
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper presents a multilayered architecture that enhances the capabilities of current QA systems and allows different types of complex questions or queries to be processed. The answers to these questions need to be gathered from factual information scattered throughout different documents. Specifically, we designed a specialized layer to process the different types of temporal questions. Complex temporal questions are first decomposed into simple questions, according to the temporal relations expressed in the original question. In the same way, the answers to the resulting simple questions are recomposed, fulfilling the temporal restrictions of the original complex question. A novel aspect of this approach resides in the decomposition which uses a minimal quantity of resources, with the final aim of obtaining a portable platform that is easily extensible to other languages. In this paper we also present a methodology for evaluation of the decomposition of the questions as well as the ability of the implemented temporal layer to perform at a multilingual level. The temporal layer was first performed for English, then evaluated and compared with: a) a general purpose QA system (F-measure 65.47% for QA plus English temporal layer vs. 38.01% for the general QA system), and b) a well-known QA system. Much better results were obtained for temporal questions with the multilayered system. This system was therefore extended to Spanish and very good results were again obtained in the evaluation (F-measure 40.36% for QA plus Spanish temporal layer vs. 22.94% for the general QA system).
Abortion! Abortion! Read All About It!: News Coverage of Abortion After the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization Decision
Creators: name: Goldish, Julia
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Abortion
News
Reproductive Justice
Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization
Roe v. Wade

description: On June 24, 2022, the right to an abortion was effectively overturned in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (Dobbs). This case grapples with a Mississippi law that criminalizes abortion after the fetus reaches fifteen weeks, which was illegal under Roe v. Wade (Roe). This case reached the Supreme Court, giving the Court the opportunity to overrule Roe and deem the Mississippi law newly constitutional. This study examines patterns about abortion in 128 articles in The New York Times and Washington Post, one week after the passage of Dobbs. This study’s main findings build upon and challenge scholars’ pre-Dobbs patterns: abortion is still framed as a polarizing issue, mostly white men and white women are covered, and the language is more accurate and objective than scholars previously found, with some new terms. The results of these patterns are that the public still receives a warped image of abortion, and women of color–who abortion legislation impacts the most–are still erased from the narrative. This builds upon previous research, suggesting that these patterns will have similar impacts post-Dobbs as they did pre-Dobbs. Thus, there is still significant progress to be made to ensure that the public feels well-informed, empowered, and validated.
Interactive Chemical Reactivity Exploration
Creators: name: Haag, Moritz P.
name: Vaucher, Alain C.
name: Bosson, Mael
name: Redon, Stephane
name: Reiher, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Elucidating chemical reactivity in complex molecular assemblies of a few hundred atoms is, despite the remarkable progress in quantum chemistry, still a major challenge. Black-box search methods to find intermediates and transition-state structures might fail in such situations because of the high-dimensionality of the potential energy surface. Here, we propose the concept of interactive chemical reactivity exploration to effectively introduce the chemist's intuition into the search process. We employ a haptic pointer device with force-feedback to allow the operator the direct manipulation of structures in three dimensions along with simultaneous perception of the quantum mechanical response upon structure modification as forces. We elaborate on the details of how such an interactive exploration should proceed and which technical difficulties need to be overcome. All reactivity-exploration concepts developed for this purpose have been implemented in the Samson programming environment.
description: 36 pages, 14 figures
Generalized Geohash: a methodology for implementing hash functions that generate hierarchical base32 geocodes
Creators: name: Krauss, Peter
name: Everton Bortolini
name: Jean, Thierry
name: Julião, Rui Pedro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: geoprocessing
geocode
spatial index

description: Two-dimensional space grid cells based on Hilbert or Z-order type spatial indexers have numeric identifiers structured with base4 in order to reproduce the spatial hierarchy in the identifier digit structure. For the exact compact representation, use is made of the base16 or base64 representation, because they are powers of 4, identifying an inner cell with each digit added. However, when using as geocode the most common demand is by base32, which only displays the spatial grid hierarchy (structured in base4) every two digits. The solution adopted by Geohash was to represent its geocodes with an odd number of digits in a degenerate spatial grid. Generalized Geohash proposes to adopt the same strategy to enable the use of base32 in other indexes, including those based on Hilbert curve. The generalization consists of offering a general algorithm for the construction of the degenerate grid, from the union of two neighboring cells of the next hierarchical level. In applications oriented to the representation only of isolated points, or indexing of the Point-Region Quadtree type, loss of uniformity in the degenerate grid does not cause an impact nor is it even perceptible by the end user: with this hypothesis of work it was possible to establish a simple and comprehensive methodology , making possible the use of technologies such as S2geometry as alternatives to conventional Geohash. The reindexing algorithm and its geometry are also analyzed. In practical terms, it can be concluded that Generalized Geohash can contribute to the development of location-based addressing systems.