cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
On the brightness distribution of Type Ia supernovae from violent white dwarf mergers
Creators: name: Ruiter, A. J.
name: Sim, S. A.
name: Pakmor, R.
name: Kromer, M.
name: Seitenzahl, I. R.
name: Belczynski, K.
name: Fink, M.
name: Herzog, M.
name: Hillebrandt, W.
name: Roepke, F. K.
name: Taubenberger, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the brightness distribution expected for thermonuclear explosions that might result from the ignition of a detonation during the violent merger of white dwarf (WD) binaries. Determining their brightness distribution is critical for evaluating whether such an explosion model could be responsible for a significant fraction of the observed population of SNe Ia. We argue that the brightness of an explosion realized via the violent merger model is determined by the mass of nickel 56 produced in the detonation of the primary WD. We use a set of sub-Chandrasekhar mass WD detonation models to derive a relationship between primary WD mass and expected peak bolometric brightness. We use this relationship to convert the masses of merging primary WDs from binary population models to a predicted distribution of explosion brightness. We find a striking similarity between the shape of our theoretical peak-magnitude distribution and that observed for SNe Ia: our model produces a brightness distribution that roughly covers the range and matches the shape of the one observed for SNe Ia. However, this agreement hinges on a particular phase of mass accretion during binary evolution: the primary WD gains ~0.15-0.35 Msun from a slightly-evolved helium star companion. We also find that with high probability, violent WD mergers involving the most massive primaries (which should produce bright SNe) have delay times <500 Myr (Abridged).
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Ortalidina jujuyensis Cogan, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Gaimari, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chamaemyiidae
Ortalidina
Ortalidina jujuyensis

description: Ortalidina jujuyensis (Cogan), comb. nov.
 Toropamecia jujuyensis Cogan 1978: 233. Argentina. Jujuy. HT 3 (Fig. 16), CNC.
description: Published as part of Gaimari, Stephen D., 2012, A new genus and species of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) from South America feeding on Ceroplastes wax scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and status of the genus Ortalidina as a chamaemyiid, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 3342 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211348
Non-steady relaxation and critical exponents at the depinning transition
Creators: name: Ferrero, Ezequiel E.
name: Bustingorry, Sebastián
name: Kolton, Alejandro B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-steady relaxation of a driven one-dimensional elastic interface at the depinning transition by extensive numerical simulations concurrently implemented on graphics processing units (GPUs). We compute the time-dependent velocity and roughness as the interface relaxes from a flat initial configuration at the thermodynamic random-manifold critical force. Above a first, non-universal microscopic time-regime, we find a non-trivial long crossover towards the non-steady macroscopic critical regime. This "mesoscopic" time-regime is robust under changes of the microscopic disorder including its random-bond or random-field character, and can be fairly described as power-law corrections to the asymptotic scaling forms yielding the true critical exponents. In order to avoid fitting effective exponents with a systematic bias we implement a practical criterion of consistency and perform large-scale (L~2^{25}) simulations for the non-steady dynamics of the continuum displacement quenched Edwards Wilkinson equation, getting accurate and consistent depinning exponents for this class: β= 0.245 \pm 0.006, z = 1.433 \pm 0.007, ζ=1.250 \pm 0.005 and ν=1.333 \pm 0.007. Our study may explain numerical discrepancies (as large as 30% for the velocity exponent β) found in the literature. It might also be relevant for the analysis of experimental protocols with driven interfaces keeping a long-term memory of the initial condition.
description: Published version (including erratum). Codes and Supplemental Material available at https://bitbucket.org/ezeferrero/qew
Integrative taxonomic description of two new species of the Cocconeis placentula group (Bacillariophyceae) from Korea based on unialgal strains
Creators: name: Jahn, Regine
name: Abarca, Nélida
name: Kusber, Wolf-Henning
name: Skibbe, Oliver
name: Zimmermann, Jonas
name: Mora, Demetrio
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: auxospores
subject: cultures
subject: micromorphology
subject: molecular markers
subject: morphometrics
subject: 185V4 & rbcL
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen

description: Cocconeis coreana and C. sijunghoensis are described as new based on micromorphological and molecular data C. coreana is represented by five unialgal cultures from four different freshwater bodies, two from North Korea and three from South Korea. C. sijunghoensis is represented by two unialgal cultures from a brackish water body in North Korea. Except for one, all of the strains auxosporulated and showed an almost quadrupling of size in length and width. Morphologically, these species with their two different elliptical valves belong to the Cocconeis placentula group. The raphe valve has striae with uniseriate areolae continuing across a pronounced submarginal hyaline rim to the edge of the valve. The sternum valve has uniseriate dash-like areolae continuously from the valve face until the valve edge. Micromorphologically, these species possess two different open valvocopulae: only the raphe valvocopula has fimbriae; the sternum valvocopula has none. Based on p-distances of currently available DNA sequence data, i.e., rbcL and 18SV4, both species are pronouncedly different from the epitype strain of C. placentula, with C. coreana closest to the published molecular data of the strain UTEX FD23 named C. placentula from Iowa, USA, while C. sijunghoensis is closest but not the same as the publ is hed molecular data of strain D36_012, the epitype strain of C. placentula from Berlin, Germany. Based on scanning elect ron microscope observations, differentiating features are discussed concerning valvocopula fimbriae, central area, areolation of the sternum valve and on the raphe valve especially between the submarginal hyaline rim and edge.
Ortalidina longipennis Cogan, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Gaimari, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chamaemyiidae
Ortalidina
Ortalidina longipennis

description: Ortalidina longipennis (Cogan), comb. nov.
 Toropamecia longipennis Cogan 1978: 237. Ecuador. El Angel: Carchi. HT 3 (Fig. 18), CNC.
description: Published as part of Gaimari, Stephen D., 2012, A new genus and species of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) from South America feeding on Ceroplastes wax scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and status of the genus Ortalidina as a chamaemyiid, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 3342 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211348
Efimov effect in quantum magnets
Creators: name: Nishida, Yusuke
name: Kato, Yasuyuki
name: Batista, Cristian D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Physics is said to be universal when it emerges regardless of the underlying microscopic details. A prominent example is the Efimov effect, which predicts the emergence of an infinite tower of three-body bound states obeying discrete scale invariance when the particles interact resonantly. Because of its universality and peculiarity, the Efimov effect has been the subject of extensive research in chemical, atomic, nuclear and particle physics for decades. Here we employ an anisotropic Heisenberg model to show that collective excitations in quantum magnets (magnons) also exhibit the Efimov effect. We locate anisotropy-induced two-magnon resonances, compute binding energies of three magnons and find that they fit into the universal scaling law. We propose several approaches to experimentally realize the Efimov effect in quantum magnets, where the emergent Efimov states of magnons can be observed with commonly used spectroscopic measurements. Our study thus opens up new avenues for universal few-body physics in condensed matter systems.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures; published version
Protein-water hydrogen-bond networks of G protein-coupled receptors: Graph-based analyses of static structures and molecular dynamics
Creators: name: Bertalan, Éva
name: Lešnik, Samo
name: Bren, Urban
name: Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Dynamic hydrogen-bond network
subject: Graphs
subject: Network analysis
subject: Clustering algorithm
subject: GPCR
subject: Opioid receptor
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Protein and protein-water hydrogen bonds shape the conformational energy landscape of G Protein-Coupled Receptors, GPCRs. As numerous static structures of GPCRs have been solved, the important question arises whether GPCR structures and GPCR conformational dynamics could be described in terms of conserved hydrogen-bond networks, and alterations of these hydrogen-bond networks along the reaction coordinate of the GPCR. To enable efficient analyses of the hydrogen-bond networks of GPCRs we implemented graph-based algorithms, and applied these algorithms to static GPCR structures from structural biology, and from molecular dynamics simulations of two opioid receptors. We find that static GPCR structures tend to have a conserved, core hydrogen-bond network which, when protein and water dynamics are included with simulations, extends to comprise most of the interior of an inactive receptor. In an active receptor, the dynamic protein-water hydrogen-bond network spans the entire receptor, bridging all functional motifs. Such an extensive, dynamic hydrogen-bond network might contribute to the activation mechanism of the GPCR.
Development of a Scalable and Distributed System for Precise Performance Analysis of Communication Networks
Creators: name: Klute, Fiona
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: network performance
network analysis
traffic generator

description: This thesis proposes a packet generation and measurement tool for communication networks, called the Lightweight Universal Network Analyzer (LUNA). LUNA is designed to allow per packet analysis, and has been optimized for use with PREEMPT RT Linux to enhance realtime performance. A timing analysis shows the advantages this provides for precise packet generation. LUNA also works on standard Linux kernels, albeit with reduced precision.

Mimicing realistic network loads for analysis may require the creation of packets with various interval and size patterns. LUNA supports this by offering a flexible packet parameter generation API, allowing the implementation of random distributions or other parameter sources as needed. LUNA features a multi-component design, which includes the core traffic generator, analysis tools, and a remote control system. Separating traffic generation and recording from analysis improves flexibility, and even allows re-evaluating results retrospectively. The remote control system supports distributed network analysis using a single comprehensive control file containing transmission definitions.

Performance analysis shows that it is possible to reach single digit microsecond timing precision in packet generation with LUNA, but it also shows that the degree to which software precision translates into on-the-wire transmissions strongly varies depending on the networking hardware used, even within one type of network. These results highlight the importance of choosing measurement equipment carefully, even when only off-the-shelf hardware is available.

Finally, two example applications of LUNA are presented. One is a throughput analysis of a software defined networking (SDN) testbed for traffic with certain characteristics, the other a round trip time analysis of a real world LTE (4G) mobile network.
Peculiarities of electronic structure and composition in ultrasound milled silicon nanowires
Creators: name: Parinova, E. V.
name: Pisliaruk, A. K.
name: Schleusener, A.
name: Koyuda, D. A.
name: Chumakov, R. G.
name: Lebedev, A. M.
name: Ovsyannikov, R.
name: Makarova, Anna
name: Smirnov, D.
name: Sivakov, V.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Silicon
subject: Nanoparticles
subject: Suboxide
subject: Ultrasoft X-ray spectroscopy
subject: Synchrotron radiation
subject: Electronic structure and composition
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::541 Physikalische Chemie

description: The combined X-ray absorption and emission spectroscopy approach was applied for the detailed electronic structure and composition studies of silicon nanoparticles produced by the ultrasound milling of heavily and lowly doped Si nanowires formed by metal-assisted wet chemical etching. The ultrasoft X-ray emission spectroscopy and synchrotron based X-ray absorption near edges structure spectroscopy techniques were utilize to study the valence and conduction bands electronic structure together with developed surface phase composition qualitative analysis. Our achieved results based on the implemented surface sensitive techniques strongly suggest that nanoparticles under studies show a significant presence of the silicon suboxides depending on the pre nature of initial Si wafers. The controlled variation of the Si nanoparticles surface composition and electronic structure, including band gap engineering, can open a new prospective for a wide range Si-based nanostructures application including the integration of such structures with organic or biological systems.
Functional relationship of particulate matter (PM) emissions, animal species, and moisture content during manure application
Creators: name: Kabelitz, Tina
name: Ammon, Christian
name: Funk, Roger
name: Münch, Steffen
name: Biniasch, Oliver
name: Nübel, Ulrich
name: Thiel, Nadine
name: Rösler, Uwe
name: Siller, Paul
name: Amon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Manure management
subject: Pig
subject: Poultry
subject: Fine dust
subject: Dry matter content
subject: Microorganism
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Livestock manure is recycled to agricultural land as organic fertilizer. Due to the extensive usage of antibiotics in conventional animal farming, antibiotic-resistant bacteria are highly prevalent in feces and manure. The spread of wind-driven particulate matter (PM) with potentially associated harmful bacteria through manure application may pose a threat to environmental and human health. We studied whether PM was aerosolized during the application of solid and dried livestock manure and the functional relationship between PM release, manure dry matter content (DM), treatment and animal species. In parallel, manure and resulting PM were investigated for the survival of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacterial species. The results showed that from manure with a higher DM smaller particles were generated and more PM was emitted. A positive correlation between manure DM and PM aerosolization rate was observed. There was a species-dependent critical dryness level (poultry: 60% DM, pig: 80% DM) where manure began to release PM into the environment. The maximum PM emission potentials were 1 and 3 kg t(-1) of applied poultry and pig manure, respectively. Dried manure and resulting PM contained strongly reduced amounts of investigated pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant microorganisms compared to fresh samples. An optimal manure DM regarding low PM emissions and reduced pathogen viability was defined from our results, which was 55-70% DM for poultry manure and 75-85% DM for pig manure. The novel findings of this study increase our detailed understanding and basic knowledge on manure PM emissions and enable optimization of manure management, aiming a manure DM that reduces PM emissions and pathogenic release into the environment.
Weighing The Evidence For A Gravitational-Wave Background In The First International Pulsar Timing Array Data Challenge
Creators: name: Taylor, Stephen R.
name: Gair, Jonathan R.
name: Lentati, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe an analysis of the First International Pulsar Timing Array Data Challenge. We employ a robust, unbiased Bayesian framework developed by van Haasteren to study the three Open and Closed datasets, testing various models for each dataset and using MultiNest to recover the evidence for the purposes of Bayesian model-selection. The parameter constraints of the favoured model are confirmed using an adaptive MCMC technique. Our results for Closed1 favoured a gravitational-wave background with strain amplitude at f=1 yr-1, A, of (1.1 +/- 0.1) x 10^{-14}, power spectral-index gamma=4.30 +/- 0.15 and no evidence for red-timing noise or single-sources. The evidence for Closed2 favours a gravitational-wave background with A=(6.1 +/- 0.3) x 10^{-14}, gamma=4.34 +/- 0.09 with no red-timing noise or single-sources. Finally, the evidence for Closed3 favours the presence of red-timing noise and a gravitational-wave background, with no single-sources. The properties of the background were A=(5 +/- 1) x 10^{-15} and gamma=4.23 +/- 0.35, while the properties of the red-noise were N_{red}=(12 +/- 4) ns and gamma_{red}=1.5 +/- 0.3. In all cases the redness of the recovered background is consistent with a source-population of inspiraling supermassive black-hole binaries. We also investigate the effect that down-sampling of the datasets has on parameter constraints and run-time. Finally we provide a proof-of-principle study of the ability of the Bayesian framework used in this paper to reconstruct the angular correlation of gravitational-wave background induced timing-residuals, comparing this to the Hellings and Downs curve.
description: 20 pages, 13 figures, 6 tables. Updated with additional studies to reconstruct the Hellings and Downs curve, and to recover the GW-background spectrum. Submitted to PRD
I. von Bueltzingsloewen, Machines à instruire, machines à guérir. Les hôpitaux universitaires et la médicalisation de la société allemande (1730–1850), 1997
Creators: name: Rödel, V.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Francia, Bd. 26 Nr. 2 (1999)
Ortalidina macalpinei Cogan, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Gaimari, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chamaemyiidae
Ortalidina
Ortalidina macalpinei

description: Ortalidina macalpinei (Cogan), comb. nov.
 Toropamecia macalpinei Cogan 1978: 236. Chile. Malleco: Liucara. HT 3 (Fig. 19), CNC.
description: Published as part of Gaimari, Stephen D., 2012, A new genus and species of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) from South America feeding on Ceroplastes wax scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and status of the genus Ortalidina as a chamaemyiid, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 3342 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211348
Matrix Product States for Trial Quantum Hall States
Creators: name: Estienne, B.
name: Papic, Z.
name: Regnault, N.
name: Bernevig, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain an exact matrix-product-state (MPS) representation of a large series of fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states in various geometries of genus 0. The states in question include all paired k=2 Jack polynomials, such as the Moore-Read and Gaffnian states, as well as the Read-Rezayi k=3 state. We also outline the procedures through which the MPS of other model FQH states can be obtained, provided their wavefunction can be written as a correlator in a 1+1 conformal field theory (CFT). The auxiliary Hilbert space of the MPS, which gives the counting of the entanglement spectrum, is then simply the Hilbert space of the underlying CFT. This formalism enlightens the link between entanglement spectrum and edge modes. Properties of model wavefunctions such as the thin-torus root partitions and squeezing are recast in the MPS form, and numerical benchmarks for the accuracy of the new MPS prescription in various geometries are provided.
description: 5 pages, 1 figure, published version
Infection-induced 5′-half molecules of tRNAHisGUG activate Toll-like receptor 7
Creators: name: Pawar, Kamlesh
name: Shigematsu, Megumi
name: Sharbati, Soroush
name: Kirino, Yohei
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: NF-κB
subject: transfer-RNA fragments
subject: noncoding RNA
subject: antiviral responses
subject: pattern-recognition
subject: identification
subject: exosomes
subject: macrophages
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Although endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs, their endogenous RNA ligands have not been fully explored. Here, we report 5 '-tRNA half molecules as abundant activators of TLR7. Mycobacterial infection and accompanying surface TLR activation up-regulate the expression of 5 '-tRNA half molecules in human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs). The abundant accumulation of 5 '-tRNA halves also occur in HMDM-secreted extracellular vehicles (EVs); the abundance of EV-5 '-tRNA(HisGUG) half molecules is >200-fold higher than that of the most abundant EV-microRNA (miRNA). Sequence identification of the 5 '-tRNA halves using cP-RNA-seq revealed abundant and selective packaging of specific 5 '-tRNA half species into EVs. The EV-5 '-tRNA(HisGUG) half was experimentally demonstrated to be delivered into endosomes in recipient cells and to activate endosomal TLR7. Up-regulation of the 5 '-tRNA half molecules was also observed in the plasma of patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These results unveil a novel tRNA-engaged pathway in the innate immune response and assign the role of "immune activators" to 5 '-tRNA half molecules.
Globalization and health equity: The impact of structural adjustment programs on developing countries
Creators: name: Forster, Timon
name: Kentikelenis, Alexander E.
name: Stubbs, Thomas H.
name: King, Lawrence P.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: International Monetary Fund
subject: Conditionality
subject: Structural adjustment
subject: Globalization
subject: Health inequality
subject: Cross-national
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::320 Politikwissenschaft::320 Politikwissenschaft

description: Among the many drivers of health inequities, this article focuses on important, yet insufficiently understood, international-level determinants: economic globalization and the organizations that spread market-oriented policies to the developing world. One such organization is the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which provides financial assistance to countries in economic trouble in exchange for policy reforms. Through its 'structural adjustment programs,' countries around the world have liberalized and deregulated their economies. We examine how policy reforms prescribed in structural adjustment programs explain variation in health equity between nations-approximated by health system access and neonatal mortality. Our empirical analysis uses an original dataset of IMF-mandated policy reforms for a panel of up to 137 developing countries between 1980 and 2014. We employ regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between these reforms and health equity, taking into account the non-random selection and design of IMF programs. We find that structural adjustment reforms lower health system access and increase neonatal mortality. Additional analyses show that labor market reforms drive these deleterious effects. Overall, our evidence suggests that structural adjustment programs endanger the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals in developing countries.
H. Bungert, Das Nationalkomitee und der Westen. Die Reaktion der Westalliierten auf das NKFD und die Freien Deutschen Bewegungen 1943–1948, 1997
Creators: name: Badia, G.
Publisher: name: Francia
Year: 2019

description: -
description: Francia, Bd. 26 Nr. 3 (1999)
Finite temperature dynamical properties of SU($N$) fermionic Hubbard models in the spin-incoherent regime
Creators: name: Tokuno, Akiyuki
name: Giamarchi, Thierry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study strongly correlated Hubbard systems extended to symmetric $N$-component fermions. We focus on the intermediate-temperature regime between magnetic superexchange and interaction energy, which is relevant to current ultracold fermionic atom experiments. The $N$-component fermions are represented by slave particles, and, by using a diagrammatic technique based on the atomic limit, spectral functions are analytically obtained as a function of temperature, filling factor and the component number $N$. We also apply this analytical technique to the calculation of lattice modulation experiments. We compute the production rate of double occupancy induced by modulation of an optical lattice potential. Furthermore, we extend the analysis to take into account the trapping potential by use of the local density approximation. We find an excellent agreement with recent experiments on $^{173}$Yb atoms.
description: 15 pages, 13 figures, published version
Citizen science versus professional data collection: Comparison of approaches to mosquito monitoring in Germany
Creators: name: Pernat, Nadja
name: Kampen, Helge
name: Jeschke, Jonathan M.
name: Werner, Doreen
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: bias
subject: biodiversity
subject: biological invasions
subject: citizen science
subject: detection
subject: mosquito monitoring
subject: passive surveillance
subject: volunteers
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Due to the recent emergence of invasive mosquito species and the outbreaks of mosquito-borne diseases in Europe, research on the ecology and diversity of the mosquito fauna has returned to scientific agendas. Through a nationwide surveillance programme in Germany, mosquitoes have been monitored actively by systematically operated traps since 2011, and passively by the 'Mückenatlas' (mosquito atlas) citizen science project launched in 2012. To assess the performance of both monitoring methods we compared the two respective datasets with regard to habitat coverage, species composition and the ability to detect invasive mosquitoes. The datasets include observations from the beginning of the project until the end of 2017. We found significant differences in species composition caused by land use types and the participants' recording activity. Active monitoring performed better in mapping mosquito diversity, whereas passive monitoring better detected invasive species, thereby using data from private premises scientists usually cannot access. Synthesis and applications. Active and passive monitoring is complementary. Combining them allows for the determination of mosquito diversity, efficient detection of emerging invasive species and the initiation of rapid-response actions against such invaders. The 'Mückenatlas' sets an example for the usefulness of citizen science when included in a national monitoring programme, an approach that may be worth copying for tackling the global spread of arthropod vectors of disease agents.
Ortalidina maculata Coquillett, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Gaimari, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chamaemyiidae
Ortalidina
Ortalidina maculata

description: Ortalidina maculata (Coquillett), comb. nov.
 Acrometopia maculata Coquillett 1902: 185. Cuba. Baracoa. HT Ƥ (Fig. 20), USNM. Acrometopa maculosa (missp. Malloch 1933: 382).
 Toropamecia maculata (Coquillett) (comb. Cogan 1978: 233).
description: Published as part of Gaimari, Stephen D., 2012, A new genus and species of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) from South America feeding on Ceroplastes wax scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and status of the genus Ortalidina as a chamaemyiid, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 3342 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211348
Equid Herpesvirus-1 Exploits the Extracellular Matrix of Mononuclear Cells to Ensure Transport to Target Cells
Creators: name: Kamel, Mohamed
name: Pavulraj, Selvaraj
name: Fauler, Beatrix
name: Mielke, Thorsten
name: Azab, Walid
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: endothelial-cells
subject: EHV-1
subject: cellular tropism
subject: glycoproteins D
subject: spread
subject: entry
subject: transmission
subject: infection
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Mononuclear cells are the first line of defense against microbial infection. Yet, several viruses have evolved different mechanisms to overcome host defenses to ensure their spread. Here, we show unique mechanisms of how equid herpesvirus-1 manipulates peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to travel further in the body. (1) "PBMC-hitching": at the initial contact, herpesviruses lurk in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of PBMC without entering the cells. The virus exploits the components of the ECM to bind, transport, and then egress to infect other cells. (2) "Intracellular delivery": transendothelialmigration is a physiological mechanism where mononuclear cells can transmigrate through the endothelial cells. The virus was intangible and probably did not interfere with such a mechanism where the infected PBMC can probably deliver the virus inside the endothelium. (3) "Classical-fusion": this process is well mastered by herpesviruses due to a set of envelope glycoproteins that facilitate cell-cell fusion and virus spread.
Competing Atomic and Molecular Mechanisms of Thermal Oxidation
Creators: name: Shen, Xiao
name: Pantelides, Sokrates T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The oxidation of SiC and Si provide a unique opportunity for studying oxidation mechanisms because the product is the same, SiO2. Silicon oxidation follows a linear-parabolic law, with molecular oxygen identified as the oxidant. SiC oxidation obeys the same linear-parabolic law but has different rates and activation energies and exhibits much stronger face-dependence. Using results from first-principles calculations, we show that atomic and molecular oxygen are the oxidant for Si- and C-face SiC respectively. Comparing SiC with Si, we elucidate how the interface controls the competition between atomic and molecular mechanisms.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
From the Throes of Anguished Mourning: Shi‘i Ritual Lamentation and the Pious Publics of Lebanon
Creators: name: Marei, Fouad Gehad
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: eschatology
subject: Hezbollah
subject: Islam
subject: Lebanon
subject: ritual practice
subject: sectarianism
subject: Shi'ism
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Drawing on a study of Shi'i ritual lamentation in Lebanon, this article examines how religious actors and pious publics employ literary, recitational, theatrical, and socio-technological methods to cultivate imaginal engagements with the other-worldly. These methods are analyzed, demonstrating how they locate pious Shi'is in religious meta-narratives that transcend the linearity of time, taking place simultaneously in the Elsewhere and in the here-and-now. I argue that this produces transposable and lasting dispositions that constitute the Shi'i self, immerses subjects in this-worldly-oriented modes of religiosity, and bestows upon Shi'i politics and the imagined community a profound emotional legitimacy. I posit that cultivated engagements with the Elsewhere are constitutive experiences in modes of religiosity that emphasize a symbiosis between human action and metaphysical intervention, thus complicating the question of agency and intentional action.
Intraparietal sulcus maintains working memory representations of somatosensory categories in an adaptive, context-dependent manner
Creators: name: Velenosi, Lisa Alexandria
name: Wu, Yuan-Hao
name: Schmidt, Timo Torsten
name: Blankenburg, Felix
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Working memory
subject: Somatosensory
subject: Adaptive coding
subject: Categorization
subject: Multivariate
subject: fMRI
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::153 Kognitive Prozesse, Intelligenz

description: Working memory (WM) representations are generally known to be influenced by task demands, but it is not clear whether this extends to the somatosensory domain. One way to investigate the influence of task demands is with categorization paradigms, wherein either a single stimulus or an associated category is maintained in WM. In the somatosensory modality, category representations have been identified in the premotor cortex (PMC) and the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). In this study we used multivariate-pattern-analysis with human fMRI data to investigate whether the WM representations in the PMC, IPS or other regions are influenced by changing task demands. We ensured the task-dependent, categorical WM information was decorrelated from stimulus features by (1) teaching participants arbitrary, non-rule based stimulus groupings and (2) contrasting identical pairs of stimuli across experimental conditions, where either a single stimulus or the associated group was maintained in WM. Importantly, we also decoupled the decision and motor output from the WM representations. With these experimental manipulations, we were able to pinpoint stimulus-specific WM information to the left frontal and parietal cortices and context-dependent, group-specific WM information to the left IPS. By showing that grouped stimuli are represented more similarly in the Group condition than in the Stimulus condition, free from stimulus and motor output confounds, we provide novel evidence for the adaptive nature of somatosensory WM representations in the IPS with changing task-demands.
Ortalidina multipunctata Cogan, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Gaimari, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chamaemyiidae
Ortalidina
Ortalidina multipunctata

description: Ortalidina multipunctata (Cogan), comb. nov.
 Toropamecia multipunctata Cogan 1978: 233. Argentina. Jujuy: Cieneguillas. HT 3 (Fig. 17), CNC.
description: Published as part of Gaimari, Stephen D., 2012, A new genus and species of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) from South America feeding on Ceroplastes wax scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and status of the genus Ortalidina as a chamaemyiid, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 3342 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211348
Categorification of a parabolic Hecke module via sheaves on moment graphs
Creators: name: Lanini, Martina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Representation Theory (math.RT)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We investigate certain categories, associated by Fiebig with the geometric representation of a Coxeter system, via sheaves on Bruhat graphs. We modify Fiebig's definition of translation functors in order to extend it to the singular setting and use it to categorify a parabolic Hecke module. As an application we obtain a combinatorial description of indecomposable projective objects of (truncated) non-critical singular blocks of (a deformed version of) category $\mathcal{O}$, using indecomposable special modules over the structure algebra of the corresponding Bruhat graph.
description: 26 pages, substantially revised version. To appear in Pac. J. Math
Testing Models of Magnetic Field Evolution of Neutron Stars with the Statistical Properties of Their Spin Evolutions
Creators: name: Zhang, Shuang-Nan
name: Xie, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We test models for the evolution of neutron star (NS) magnetic fields (B). Our model for the evolution of the NS spin is taken from an analysis of pulsar timing noise presented by Hobbs et al. (2010). We first test the standard model of a pulsar's magnetosphere in which B does not change with time and magnetic dipole radiation is assumed to dominate the pulsar's spin-down. We find this model fails to predict both the magnitudes and signs of the second derivatives of the spin frequencies ($\ddotν$). We then construct a phenomenological model of the evolution of $B$, which contains a long term decay (LTD) modulated by short term oscillations (STO); a pulsar's spin is thus modified by its B-evolution. We find that an exponential LTD is not favored by the observed statistical properties of $\ddotν$ for young pulsars and fails to explain the fact that $\ddotν$ is negative for roughly half of the old pulsars. A simple power-law LTD can explain all the observed statistical properties of $\ddotν$. Finally we discuss some physical implications of our results to models of the B-decay of NSs and suggest reliable determination of the true ages of many young NSs is needed, in order to constrain further the physical mechanisms of their B-decay. Our model can be further tested with the measured evolutions of $\dotν$ and $\ddotν$ for an individual pulsar; the decay index, oscillation amplitude and period can also be determined this way for the pulsar.
description: To appear in ApJ. 20 pages, 10 figures, first submitted to ApJ on May 14, 2012; referee comments incorporated and re-submitted; typos corrected and one reference added; additional minor comments from the referee incorporated
Unveiling domain wall dynamics of ferrimagnets in thermal magnon currents: Competition of angular momentum transfer and entropic torque
Creators: name: Donges, Andreas
name: Grimm, Niklas
name: Jakobs, Florian
name: Selzer, Severin
name: Ritzmann, Ulrike
name: Atxitia, Unai
name: Nowak, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Domain walls
subject: Magnons
subject: Spin caloritronics
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::530 Physik::530 Physik

description: Control of magnetic domain wall motion holds promise for efficient manipulation and transfer of magnetically stored information. Thermal magnon currents, generated by temperature gradients, can be used to move magnetic textures, from domain walls to magnetic vortices and skyrmions. In the past several years, theoretical studies have focused on ferro- and antiferromagnetic spin structures, where domain walls always move toward the hotter end of the thermal gradient. Here we perform numerical studies using atomistic spin dynamics simulations and complementary analytical calculations to derive an equation of motion for the domain wall velocity in ferrimagnets. We demonstrate that in ferrimagnets, domain wall motion under thermal magnon currents shows a much richer dynamics. Below the Walker breakdown, we find that the temperature gradient always pulls the domain wall toward the hot end by minimizing its free energy, in agreement with the observations for ferro- and antiferromagnets in the same regime. Above Walker breakdown, the ferrimagnetic domain wall can show the opposite, counterintuitive behavior of moving toward the cold end. We show that in this case, the motion to the hotter or the colder ends is driven by angular momentum transfer and therefore strongly related to the angular momentum compensation temperature, a unique property of ferrimagnets where the intrinsic angular momentum of the ferrimagnet is zero while the sublattice angular momentum remains finite. In particular, we find that below the compensation temperature the wall moves toward the cold end, whereas above it toward the hot end. Moreover, we find that for ferrimagnets, there is a torque compensation temperature at which the domain wall dynamics shows similar characteristics to antiferromagnets, that is, quasi-inertia-free motion and the absence of Walker breakdown. This finding opens the door for fast control of magnetic domains as given by the antiferromagnetic character while conserving the advantage of ferromagnets in terms of measuring and control by conventional means such as magnetic fields.
Radio Detection of the Fermi LAT Blind Search Millisecond Pulsar J1311-3430
Creators: name: Ray, P. S.
name: Ransom, S. M.
name: Cheung, C. C.
name: Giroletti, M.
name: Cognard, I.
name: Camilo, F.
name: Bhattacharyya, B.
name: Roy, J.
name: Romani, R. W.
name: Ferrara, E. C.
name: Guillemot, L.
name: Johnston, S.
name: Keith, M.
name: Kerr, M.
name: Kramer, M.
name: Pletsch, H. J.
name: Parkinson, P. M. Saz
name: Wood, K. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of radio emission from PSR J1311-3430, the first millisecond pulsar discovered in a blind search of Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) gamma-ray data. We detected radio pulsations at 2 GHz, visible for <10% of ~4.5-hrs of observations using the Green Bank Telescope (GBT). Observations at 5 GHz with the GBT and at several lower frequencies with Parkes, Nancay, and the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope resulted in non-detections. We also report the faint detection of a steep spectrum continuum radio source (0.1 mJy at 5 GHz) in interferometric imaging observations with the Jansky Very Large Array. These detections demonstrate that PSR J1311-3430, is not radio quiet and provides additional evidence that the radio beaming fraction of millisecond pulsars is very large. The radio detection yields a distance estimate of 1.4 kpc for the system, yielding a gamma-ray efficiency of 30%, typical of LAT-detected MSPs. We see apparent excess delay in the radio pulsar as the pulsar appears from eclipse and we speculate on possible mechanisms for the non-detections of the pulse at other orbital phases and observing frequencies.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. ApJ Letters, in press
MPEC 2023-W97 : 2023 WF2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 WF2

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Ortalidina nigripalpis Cogan, comb. nov.
Creators: name: Gaimari, Stephen D.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2012
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chamaemyiidae
Ortalidina
Ortalidina nigripalpis

description: Ortalidina nigripalpis (Cogan), comb. nov.
 Toropamecia nigripalpis Cogan 1978: 235. El Salvador. San Salvador. HT 3 (Fig. 24), USNM.
description: Published as part of Gaimari, Stephen D., 2012, A new genus and species of Chamaemyiidae (Diptera: Lauxanioidea) from South America feeding on Ceroplastes wax scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae), and status of the genus Ortalidina as a chamaemyiid, pp. 39-50 in Zootaxa 3342 on page 46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.211348
Can I Be Myself Around Natives? Feelings of Inauthenticity Mediate the Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and Tendencies to Avoid Friendships With Natives Among Refugees in Germany
Creators: name: Bauer, Christina Anna
name: Hannover, Bettina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: refugees
subject: authenticity
subject: discrimination
subject: friendships
subject: social integration
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: The social integration of the ever-growing number of refugees in receiving societies is of major importance. Perceived discrimination has been found to predict fewer friendships with natives over time. But what short-term mechanisms explain this effect? In a sample of 115 refugees living in Germany we (i) replicated the long-term discrimination-social-integration relationship, (ii) found short-term associations between discrimination and affective, motivational, and behavioral tendencies not to befriend natives, and (iii) showed authenticity to mediate this short-term relationship: with increasing discrimination, refugees felt less like they could show their authentic selves around natives, which in turn impaired tendencies to befriend natives. Discrimination may impede the formation of interethnic friendships by instilling feelings of inauthenticity. Implications for prevention measures are discussed.
Robustness Analysis of Hottopixx, a Linear Programming Model for Factoring Nonnegative Matrices
Creators: name: Gillis, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Although nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is NP-hard in general, it has been shown very recently that it is tractable under the assumption that the input nonnegative data matrix is close to being separable (separability requires that all columns of the input matrix belongs to the cone spanned by a small subset of these columns). Since then, several algorithms have been designed to handle this subclass of NMF problems. In particular, Bittorf, Recht, Ré and Tropp (`Factoring nonnegative matrices with linear programs', NIPS 2012) proposed a linear programming model, referred to as Hottopixx. In this paper, we provide a new and more general robustness analysis of their method. In particular, we design a provably more robust variant using a post-processing strategy which allows us to deal with duplicates and near duplicates in the dataset.
description: 23 pages; new numerical results; Comparison with Arora et al.; Accepted in SIAM J. Mat. Anal. Appl