cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Evolution of mechano- and chemosensory cell types
Creators: name: Schlosser, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mechano cell typs
subject: Chemosensory cell types
subject: neurosecretory cell types
subject: Vertebrade heads

description: Chapter 3 opens a series of three chapters, which compare the sensory and neurosecretory cell types of the vertebrate head with similar cell types in other animals to get insights into their evolutionary origins. Chapter 3 reviews the evolution of mechano- and chemosensory cells throughout the animal kingdom. Cells mediating these two sensory modalities are considered together because substantial evidence suggests that chemosensory cells have evolved repeatedly from mechanosensory cells. Chapter 3 and the following two chapters use comparisons between vertebrates and their sister group, the tunicates, to infer, which cell types most likely were present in their last common ancestor. Similar comparisons are then made with increasingly distantly related groups (amphioxus, hemichordates/echinoderms, protostomes, cnidarians, sponges) to elucidate cell types present in ancestors of more and more inclusive groups (chordates, deuterostomes, bilaterians, eumetazoans, metazoans). This survey suggests that mechanosensory cell type identity was specified by a core regulatory network (CoRN) of Atonal or Ascl, Pax2/5/8, POU4, Islet, Gfi, Prox and BarH already in the last common ancestor of bilaterians. A CoRN including some of these or related transcription factors (e.g POU4, Islet and PaxB-like) may already have been required to establish the identity of possibly multimodal sensory cell types in the eumetazoan ancestor.
Additional file 3 of Molecular adaptation to salinity fluctuation in tropical intertidal environments of a mangrove tree Sonneratia alba
Creators: name: Feng, Xiao
name: Xu, Shaohua
name: Li, Jianfang
name: Yang, Yuchen
name: Chen, Qipian
name: Lyu, Haomin
name: Zhong, Cairong
name: He, Ziwen
name: Shi, Suhua
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S1. The GO annotation of DEGs. URG represents up-regulated gene; DRG represents down-regulated gene. The numbers in the brackets are percentages of genes with GO ID and those outside the brackets are gene numbers.
title: Evolution of photosensory cell types
Creators: name: Schlosser, Gerhard
Publisher: name: CRC Press
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Photosensory cell types
subject: Evolution
subject: photoreceptors
subject: animals

description: Chapter 4 reviews the evolution of photoreceptors in animals. It is shown that two lineages of photoreceptors, known as rhabdomeric and ciliary photoreceptors, respectively, are present throughout bilaterians. Ciliary photoreceptors use ciliary opsins and their specification depends on a core regulatory network (CoRN) involving transient Pax6, Rx and Otx transcription factors. Rhabdomeric photoreceptors instead use rhabdomeric opsins and depend on a CoRN involving persistent Pax6, Atonal, POU4 expression. Whereas shared dependence on Pax6 and similarities in phototransduction mechanisms suggests that ciliary and rhabdomeric photoreceptor originated by duplication and divergence of an ancestral photoreceptor, shared dependence on Atonal, POU4 and other transcription factors instead suggests a common origin of rhabdomeric photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors. Evidence from cnidarians indicates that both “ciliary” and rhabdomeric phototransduction mechanisms are present, but that there are no distinct “ciliary” and rhabdomeric photoreceptor cell types. Moreover, Atonal, POU4 and PaxB are expressed in mechano- as well as photosensory cells in cnidarians and many sensory cells appear to be multimodal. This suggests that rhabdomeric and ciliary photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors originated as distinct cell types from a common sensorineural precursor cell type only in the stem lineage of bilaterians.
Unusual liquid state of hard-core bosons on the pyrochlore lattice
Creators: name: Banerjee, Argha
name: Isakov, Sergei V.
name: Damle, Kedar
name: Kim, Yong Baek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the physics of hard-core bosons with unfrustrated hopping (t) and nearest-neighbor repulsion (V) on the three dimensional pyrochlore lattice. At half-filling, we demonstrate that the small V/t superfluid state eventually becomes unstable at large enough V/t to an unusual insulating state which displays no broken lattice translation symmetry. Equal time and static density correlators in this insulator are well described by a mapping to electric field correlators in the Coulomb phase of a U(1) lattice gauge theory, allowing us to identify this insulator with a U(1) fractionalized Mott-insulating state. The possibility of observing this phase in suitably designed atom-trap experiments with ultracold atoms is also discussed, as are specific experimental signatures.
description: published version
Fuelwood and tree planting : a case study from Funyula Division in Western Kenya
Creators: name: Aloo, Theresa C.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: This dissertation examines village fuelwood and tree planting in four villages in Funyula Division of Busia District, Western Kenya. It also explores gender issues and the existence of cultural norms and beliefs that might influence tree planting activities. The actual study involves an environmental and socioeconomic description of the study area and population, through direct observations, and information derived from a questionnaire survey. In addition, there is a comparison of household fuelwood use to determine the villages consuming the most wood. The questionnaire survey shows that 65.5% of respondents agree that there is a fuelwood shortage while results obtained from the firewood measurements and environmental analysis show that Namasali, a lakeside village, experiences the most acute fuelwood shortages. However, perception about wood scarcities is not matched by the planting of trees for fuelwood provisioning. Only 3% of the sampled households had planted trees for this purpose. Trees are planted, primarily, to provide building poles and fruits to satisfy the need for food and shelter. This is in keeping with what has been found in other parts of Kenya, and in other African countries, that the primary reason for tree planting is rarely fuelwood. Findings from this study also show that, although there are no gender-based differences in perception of fuelwood scarcity, there are cultural hindrances to the full participation of women in tree planting. Culture, to some extent, also influences choice of tree species, and site of tree planting in the homesteads. For example, the planting of the homestead hedges is confined to men, mainly, while there is a general reluctance to plant indigenous tree species, more specifically the Mvule, a valuable timber tree of the area. It is concluded that fuelwood scarcity is due to the varying micro environment of the villages studied, changes in land ownership and distances to hill lands. Seven major recommendations and five minor ones are made for specific tree species to include in the Funyula farming system.
Branching ratios of $α$-decay to excited states of even-even nuclei
Creators: name: Xu, Chang
name: Ren, Zhongzhou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We make a systematic calculation on $α$-decay branching ratios to members of ground-state rotational band and to excited $0^{+}$ states of even-even nuclei by a simple barrier penetration approach. The branching ratios to the excited states of daughter nucleus are determined by the $α$-decay energy, the angular momentum of $α$-particle, and the excitation probability of the daughter nucleus. Our calculation covers isotopic chains from Hg to Fm in the mass regions 180$
description: 13 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. A
Dual Attention-in-Attention Model for Joint Rain Streak and Raindrop Removal
Creators: name: Zhang, Kaihao
name: Li, Dongxu
name: Luo, Wenhan
name: Ren, Wenqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Rain streaks and rain drops are two natural phenomena, which degrade image capture in different ways. Currently, most existing deep deraining networks take them as two distinct problems and individually address one, and thus cannot deal adequately with both simultaneously. To address this, we propose a Dual Attention-in-Attention Model (DAiAM) which includes two DAMs for removing both rain streaks and raindrops. Inside the DAM, there are two attentive maps - each of which attends to the heavy and light rainy regions, respectively, to guide the deraining process differently for applicable regions. In addition, to further refine the result, a Differential-driven Dual Attention-in-Attention Model (D-DAiAM) is proposed with a "heavy-to-light" scheme to remove rain via addressing the unsatisfying deraining regions. Extensive experiments on one public raindrop dataset, one public rain streak and our synthesized joint rain streak and raindrop (JRSRD) dataset have demonstrated that the proposed method not only is capable of removing rain streaks and raindrops simultaneously, but also achieves the state-of-the-art performance on both tasks.
description: To appear in IEEE Transactions on Image Processing (TIP)
A New Galactic 6cm Formaldehyde Maser
Creators: name: Araya, E.
name: Hofner, P.
name: Goss, W. M.
name: Kurtz, S.
name: Linz, H.
name: Olmi, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the detection of a new H2CO maser in the massive star forming region G23.71-0.20 (IRAS 18324-0820), i.e., the fifth region in the Galaxy where H2CO maser emission has been found. The new H2CO maser is located toward a compact HII region, and is coincident in velocity and position with 6.7 GHz methanol masers and with an IR source as revealed by Spitzer/IRAC GLIMPSE data. The coincidence with an IR source and 6.7 GHz methanol masers suggests that the maser is in close proximity to an embedded massive protostar. Thus, the detection of H2CO maser emission toward G23.71-0.20 supports the trend that H2CO 6cm masers trace molecular material very near young massive stellar objects.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters
title: Constraint-based modelling of host-microbe co-metabolism: Bridging in silico microbial and human drug transformation pathways
Creators: name: Martinelli, Filippo
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine Nursing Health Sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: microbial symbionts
subject: constraint-based modelling
subject: microbial and human drug metabolic networks
subject: in silico representations

description: This thesis aims to address the critical gap in understanding the intricate metabolic interplay between host and microbial symbionts. Through the utilization of constraint-based modelling, which relies on manually curated and validated organism-specific reconstructions converted into mathematical models, this research aims to bridge in silico representations of microbial and human drug metabolic networks. By doing so, it lays the groundwork for future studies aimed at guiding the design of tailored therapeutic interventions. Chapter 1 presents a submitted review encompassing the current knowledge regarding drug microbial metabolism. Chapter 2 introduces a protocol paper delineating the precise steps required to accurately map human drug metabolism within a comprehensive whole-body model. Chapter 3, a published paper, delves into the evaluation of host-microbiota co-metabolism in the production of formate in urine, serving as a proof of concept on how host-microbiome co-metabolism can be assessed for a specific metabolic pathway. Chapter 4 reports the initial findings of a preliminary investigation into drug microbial metabolizing capacities across two distinct healthy cohorts, offering a glimpse into the variability of microbial metabolism in different populations. The conclusions chapter offers a forward-looking perspective on the future applications of personalised host-microbiome models integrated with drug metabolism.
Semiclassical shell-structure micro-macroscopic approach for the level density
Creators: name: Magner, A. G.
name: Sanzhur, A. I.
name: Fedotkin, S. N.
name: Levon, A. I.
name: Shlomo, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.2

description: Level density $ρ(E,A)$ is derived for a one-component nucleon system with a given energy $E$ and particle number $A$ within the mean-field semiclassical periodic-orbit theory beyond the saddle-point method of the Fermi gas model. We obtain $~~ρ\propto I_ν(S)/S^ν$, with $I_ν(S)$ being the modified Bessel function of the entropy $S$. Within the micro-macro-canonical approximation (MMA), for a small thermal excitation energy, $U$, with respect to rotational excitations, $E_{\rm rot}$, one obtains $ν=3/2$ for $ρ(E,A)$. In the case of excitation energy $U$ larger than $E_{\rm rot}$ but smaller than the neutron separation energy, one finds a larger value of $ν=5/2$. A role of the fixed spin variables for rotating nuclei is discussed. The MMA level density $ρ$ reaches the well-known grand-canonical ensemble limit (Fermi gas asymptotic) for large $S$ related to large excitation energies, and also reaches the finite micro-canonical limit for small combinatorial entropy $S$ at low excitation energies (the constant "temperature" model). Fitting the $ρ(E,A)$ of the MMA to the experimental data for low excitation energies, taking into account shell and, qualitatively, pairing effects, one obtains for the inverse level density parameter $K$ a value which differs essentially from that parameter derived from data on neutron resonances.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, 1 Table
$^1S_0$ superfluid phase--transition in neutron matter with realistic nuclear potentials and modern many--body theories
Creators: name: Fabrocini, Adelchi
name: Fantoni, Stefano
name: Illarionov, Alexey Yu.
name: Schmidt, Kevin E.
name: .
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $^1S_0$ pairing in neutron matter has been investigated in presence of realistic two-- and three--nucleon interactions. We have adopted the Argonne $v_{8^\prime}$ NN and the Urbana IX 3N potentials. Quantum Monte Carlo theory, specifically the Auxiliary Field Diffusion Monte Carlo method, and Correlated Basis Function theory are employed in order to get quantitative and reliable estimates of the gap. They both fully take into account the medium modifications due to the interaction induced correlations. The two methods are in good agreement up to the maximum gap density and both point to a slight reduction with respect to the standard BCS value. In fact, the maximum gap is about $2.5 \text{MeV}$ at $k_F \sim 0.8 \text{fm}^{-1}$ in BCS and 2.3--$2.4 \text{MeV}$ at $k_F \sim 0.6 \text{fm}^{-1}$ in correlated matter. At higher densities the Quantum Monte Carlo gap becomes close to BCS. In general, the computed medium polarization effects are much smaller than those previously estimated within \emph{all theories}. Truncations of Argonne $v_{8^\prime}$ to simpler forms give the same gaps in BCS, provided the truncated potentials have been refitted to the same NN data set. Differences among the models appear in the correlated theories, most of the reduction being attributable to the tensor force. The three--nucleon interaction provides an additional increase of the gap of about 0.35 MeV.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure, typeset using REVTeX
Large anomalous Hall effect induced by gapped nodal lines in GdZn and GdCd
Creators: name: Zhao, Ning-Ning
name: Liu, Kai
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The topological properties and intrinsic anomalous Hall effect of CsCl-type ferromagnets GdZn and GdCd have been studied based on first-principles electronic structure calculations. According to the calculated band structures, both GdZn and GdCd host nodal lines near the Fermi level. Once the magnetization breaks the mirror symmetries, the nodal lines are gapped. This can create a huge Berry curvature. A large anomalous Hall effect is then generated when the Fermi level resides within the opened gaps of the nodal lines. Our works indicate that GdZn and GdCd can provide a promising platform for exploring the interplay between topological property and magnetism.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Bright single photon emitters with enhanced quantum efficiency in a two-dimensional semiconductor coupled with dielectric nano-antennas
Creators: name: Sortino, Luca
name: Zotev, Panaiot G.
name: Phillips, Catherine L.
name: Brash, Alistair J.
name: Cambiasso, Javier
name: Marensi, Elena
name: Fox, A. Mark
name: Maier, Stefan A.
name: Sapienza, Riccardo
name: Tartakovskii, Alexander I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single photon emitters in atomically-thin semiconductors can be deterministically positioned using strain induced by underlying nano-structures. Here, we couple monolayer WSe$_2$ to high-refractive-index gallium phosphide dielectric nano-antennas providing both optical enhancement and monolayer deformation. For single photon emitters formed on such nano-antennas, we find very low (femto-Joule) saturation pulse energies and up to 10$^4$ times brighter photoluminescence than in WSe$_2$ placed on low-refractive-index SiO$_2$ pillars. We show that the key to these observations is the increase on average by a factor of 5 in the quantum efficiency of the emitters coupled to the nano-antennas. This further allowed us to gain new insights into their photoluminescence dynamics, revealing the roles of the dark exciton reservoir and Auger processes. We also find that the coherence time of such emitters is limited by intrinsic dephasing processes. Our work establishes dielectric nano-antennas as a platform for high-efficiency quantum light generation in monolayer semiconductors.
Additional file 3 of Association between serum calcium and prognosis in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and the optimization of pulmonary embolism severity index
Creators: name: Wang, Xin
name: Xiang, Yongbo
name: Zhang, Ting
name: Yang, Yuqing
name: Sun, Xuefeng
name: Shi, Juhong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 3. Detailed process of derivation and validation of the prediction rule.
Seedborne fusarium and root colonization of container-grown douglas-fir seedlings
Creators: name: Neumann, Melody J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: The role of seedborne Fusarium in root colonization of container-grown Douglas-fir seedlings was studied in two coastal Douglas-fir seedlots; one contaminated with Fusarium and the other with minimal Fusarium. Seedlots were treated using either a standing water imbibition, or a running water imbibition with a post-stratification hydrogen peroxide sanitation treatment. The sanitation treatment significantly reduced the number of Fusarium-contaminated seeds. Seedlings were grown in an operational conifer nursery and seedling infection and root colonization by Fusarium was assessed throughout the growing season. The number of seedlings with Fusarium root infections increased throughout the season, and remained highest for the standing water imbibition treatment of the contaminated seedlot. Seedborne Fusarium was an important source of inoculum in one of the two years of the study. Other sources of inoculum may have been pallets or debris, but planting mix and irrigation water used in the study did not appear to contain Fusarium. Seed sanitation was associated with a significant increase in average height, root collar diameter, and shoot and root dry weight for the seedlings from the contaminated seedlot but not for the uncontaminated seedlot. Contamination of seed by Fusarium during cone and seed processing was also investigated.
Development of a micro-learning platform with Open Educational Resources for Angola
Creators: name: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
name: Ministério Do Ensino Superior, Ciência
name: Redalyc-Universidad Autónoma Del Estado De México
name: AmeliCA
name: Universidade Óscar Ribas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Access
Angola
Africa
Micro-learning platform
Open Educational Resources
E-learning

description: Work derived from the collaborative project among Redalyc UAEM, AmeliCA, MESCTI and U. Óscar Ribas funded by UNESCO for the development of an Open Access strategy in Angola. Vol. 23 of 38
Robust dynamic classes revealed by measuring the response function of a social system
Creators: name: Crane, R.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the relaxation response of a social system after endogenous and exogenous bursts of activity using the time-series of daily views for nearly 5 million videos on YouTube. We find that most activity can be described accurately as a Poisson process. However, we also find hundreds of thousands of examples in which a burst of activity is followed by an ubiquitous power-law relaxation governing the timing of views. We find that these relaxation exponents cluster into three distinct classes, and allow for the classification of collective human dynamics. This is consistent with an epidemic model on a social network containing two ingredients: A power law distribution of waiting times between cause and action and an epidemic cascade of actions becoming the cause of future actions. This model is a conceptual extension of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem to social systems, and provides a unique framework for the investigation of timing in complex systems.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PNAS
Repulsively diverging gradient of the density functional in the Reduced Density Matrix Functional Theory
Creators: name: Maciążek, Tomasz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Reduced Density Matrix Functional Theory (RDMFT) is a remarkable tool for studying properties of ground states of strongly interacting quantum many body systems. As it gives access to the one-particle reduced density matrix of the ground state, it provides a perfectly tailored approach to studying the Bose-Einstein condensation or systems of strongly correlated electrons. In particular, for homogeneous Bose-Einstein condensates as well as for the Bose-Hubbard dimer it has been recently shown that the relevant density functional exhibits a repulsive gradient (called the Bose-Einstein condensation force) which diverges when the fraction of non-condensed bosons tends to zero. In this paper, we show that the existence of the Bose-Einstein condensation force is completely universal for any type of pair-interaction and also in the non-homogeneous gases. To this end, we construct a universal family of variational trial states which allows us to suitably approximate the relevant density functional in a finite region around the set of the completely condensed states. We also show the existence of an analogous repulsive gradient in the fermionic RDMFT for the $N$-fermion singlet sector in the vicinity of the set of the Hartree-Fock states. Finally, we show that our approximate functional may perform well in electron transfer calculations involving low numbers of electrons. This is demonstrated numerically in the Fermi-Hubbard model in the strongly correlated limit where some other approximate functionals are known to fail.
description: v6: the published version. New J. Phys 2021
Optimising Baryon Acoustic Oscillation Surveys - I: Testing the concordance LCDM cosmology
Creators: name: Parkinson, David
name: Blake, Chris
name: Kunz, Martin
name: Bassett, Bruce A.
name: Nichol, Robert C.
name: Glazebrook, Karl
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We optimize the design of future spectroscopic redshift surveys for constraining the dark energy via precision measurements of the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), with particular emphasis on the design of the Wide-Field Multi-Object Spectrograph (WFMOS). We develop a model that predicts the number density of possible target galaxies as a function of exposure time and redshift. We use this number counts model together with fitting formulae for the accuracy of the BAO measurements to determine the effectiveness of different surveys and instrument designs. We search through the available survey parameter space to find the optimal survey with respect to the dark energy equation-of-state parameters according to the Dark Energy Task Force Figure-of-Merit, including predictions of future measurements from the Planck satellite. We optimize the survey to test the LambdaCDM model, assuming that galaxies are pre-selected using photometric redshifts to have a constant number density with redshift, and using a non-linear cut-off for the matter power spectrum that evolves with redshift. We find that line-emission galaxies are strongly preferred as targets over continuum emission galaxies. The optimal survey covers a redshift range 0.8 < z < 1.4, over the widest possible area (6000 sq. degs from 1500 hours observing time). The most efficient number of fibres for the spectrograph is 2,000, and the survey performance continues to improve with the addition of extra fibres until a plateau is reached at 10,000 fibres. The optimal point in the survey parameter space is not highly peaked and is not significantly affected by including constraints from upcoming supernovae surveys and other BAO experiments.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Relativity, cosmic censorship and values of physical constants
Creators: name: Highmore, Roger
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 510105
subject: General relativity and gravitational waves
classificationCode: 510702
subject: Field theory and string theory
classificationCode: 510703
subject: Particle physics

description: We suggest that cosmic censorship imposes constraints on values of physical quantities. This suggestion implies that combination of gravity (deformation of spacetime) with censorship defines values which are often regarded as part of quantum physics. For example cosmic censorship requires that an extremal black hole is not driven super-extremal, and thus its event horizon is not dissolved, by either addition or removal of a single electron. Enforcing this condition requires a precise value of an electron’s external electric field relative to the electron’s mass, charge and spin. The ratio of this precise value of the electron’s external electric field to the electron’s charge points to a value for the fine structure constant.
Translation Invariant Bipolarons and Charge Density Waves in High-Temperature Superconductors
Creators: name: Lakhno, Victor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A correlation is established between the theories of superconductivity based on the concept of charge density waves (CDW) and the translation invariant (TI) bipolaron theory. It is shown that CDW are originated from TI-bipolaron states in the pseudogap phase due to Kohn anomaly and form a pair density wave (PDW) for wave vectors corresponding to nesting. Emerging in the pseudogap phase, CDW coexist with superconductivity at temperatures below that of superconducting transition while their wave amplitudes decrease as a Bose condensate is formed from TI-bipolarons, vanishing at zero temperature.
description: Slightly edited and enhanced version. Published in Front. Phys. 7 pages, 1 figure
SrPd, a candidate material with extremely large magnetoresistance
Creators: name: Lu, Xiao-Qin
name: Guo, Peng-Jie
name: Zhang, Jian-Feng
name: Liu, Kai
name: Lu, Zhong-Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The extremely large magnetoresistance (XMR) effect in nonmagnetic semimetals have attracted intensive attention recently. Here we propose an XMR candidate material SrPd based on first-principles electronic structure calculations in combination with a semi-classical model. The calculated carrier densities in SrPd indicate that there is a good electron-hole compensation, while the calculated intrinsic carrier mobilities are as high as 10$^5$ cm$^2$V$^{-1}$s$^{-1}$. There are only two doubly degenerate bands crossing the Fermi level for SrPd, thus a semi-classical two-band model is available for describing its transport properties. Accordingly, the magnetoresistance of SrPd under a magnetic field of $4$ Tesla is predicted to reach ${10^5} \%$ at low temperature. Furthermore, the calculated topological invariant indicates that SrPd is topologically trivial. Our theoretical studies suggest that SrPd can serve as an ideal platform to examine the charge compensation mechanism of the XMR effect.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables
Effect of tool geometry on hook formation and mechanical properties of refill friction stir spot welding in alclad 2A12-T42 aluminium alloy
Creators: name: Li, Yuxuan
name: Sun, Guangda
name: Zhang, Zili
name: Zhou, Li
name: Guo, Ning
name: Dong, Jihong
name: Zhao, Huaxia
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Three sleeve structures (conventional sleeve, threaded sleeve, grooved sleeve) were used for refill friction stir spot welding (RFSSW) of 2A12-T42 aluminium alloy to investigate the effect of sleeve geometry on hook formation and mechanical properties of the joints. The high-pressure area generated during the plunge stage was responsible for the hook formation. Threads and grooves sleeves not only enhanced the mixing effect but inhibited the hook formation by breaking up the alclad layer or promoting the downward material flow, respectively. The welds using a grooved sleeve had the lowest hook height and highest tensile-shear failure load. As the hook height decreased, the upward tendency of crack propagation was suppressed, which confined the propagation paths within the regions of higher hardness.
Forest floor seed banks and their response to slashburning in some forest ecosystems in south central British Columbia
Creators: name: Yearsley, Karen H.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2008

description: Soil seed banks are part of the flora of many ecosystems, but little is known about those of temperate coniferous forests in B.C., or their response to different disturbances. As a result, a study of forest floor seed banks and their response to the common disturbances of clearcutting and slashburning, was conducted in the Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir (ESSF) and Interior Cedar - Hemlock (ICH) biogeoclimatic zones of south central B.C. Studies were carried out on the Devil's Club - Ladyfern sites series in the ESSFwc2 variant and on the Oak fern site series in the ICHwkl variant in the Clearwater Forest District. The species composition, numbers and distribution of seeds were determined through greenhouse germination of forest floor samples split into 1 cm layers. Germinant density was 2591/m² and689/m² in the ESSF and ICH samples, respectively. Most germinants (82 and 92% in the ESSF and ICH, respectively) belonged to the five most abundant taxa from each site and most (78 and 97% in the ESSF and ICH, respectively) were present in the top 3 cm of the forest floor. Seeds were poorly dispersed among the samples and highly clustered in the samples in which they occurred. Germinants of most taxa decreased with depth, but other distributions were found. Vertical distribution patterns varied widely among samples. Germination from the seed bank in both unburned and burned areas on the study sites showed that 1) germinant density was much lower in the field than in the greenhouse samples, and 2) burned areas had many fewer germinants than did unburned areas on the ESSF site, but the reverse was found on the ICH site. Soil temperatures were measured during and after slashburning on the study sites. Forest floor depth of burn was also measured, and no relationship could be demonstrated between depth of burn and soil temperatures during burning. Therefore, the effect of elevated temperatures on buried seeds could not be determined. Shading reduced post-burn soil temperatures on both sites, but the influence of these temperatures on germination was not clear due to inconsistent results and lack of replication. Burning significantly reduced germination, whereas shading resulted in significantly more germinants in burned, but not unburned, areas of the ESSF site. The effect of shading and burning on germination on the ICH site could not be determined due to a lack of germinants.
Απαρχές και εξέλιξη της εξωτερικής πολιτικής της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης - Οργάνωση, προβλήματα και προοπτικές μετά τη συνθήκη της Λισαβόνας
Creators: name: Βασιλάκης, Ματθαίος Μιχαήλ
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2020
Subjects: Συνθήκη Λισαβόνας
Εξωτερική Πολιτική Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης
Κοινή Εξωτερική Πολιτική και Πολιτική Ασφάλειας
ΚΕΠΠΑ
Κοινή Πολιτική Ασφάλειας και Άμυνας
Lisbon Treaty
Foreign Policy of European on European Union
Common Foreign and Security Policy
CFSP
Common Security and Defence Policy

description: Η παρούσα εργασία προσπαθεί αρχικά μέσω μιας ιστορικής ανασκόπησης να καταγράψει το πλαίσιο δημιουργίας της ευρωπαϊκής εξωτερικής πολιτικής, από τις απαρχές της μέχρι και σήμερα, επισημαίνοντας τους σταθμούς που σημάδεψαν την εξέλιξη της (προεδρία Ντε Γκώλ, Ψυχρός Πόλεμος, Συνθήκη Μάαστριχτ, Συνθήκη Άμστερνταμ, Συνθήκη Νικαίας, Συνταγματική Συνθήκη). Παρουσιάζει, επίσης, τις ρυθμίσεις που προβλέπονται από τη ΣΛΕΕ και τη ΣΕΕ, στον τομέα της Κοινής Εξωτερικής Πολιτικής και της Πολιτικής Ασφάλειας, όπως ισχύουν μετά τη Συνθήκη της Λισσαβόνας ενώ καταγράφονται οι αρμοδιότητες εκάστου θεσμικού οργάνου στην υλοποίηση της ΚΕΠΠΑ. Παράλληλα, ως αναπόσπαστο μέρος της, αναλύεται σύντομα η δομή της Κοινής Πολιτικής Ασφάλειας και Άμυνας (ΚΠΑΑ). Επιπλέον, σημειώνονται ορισμένα προβλήματα που προέκυψαν και εμφανίζονται συνεχώς (συνοχή, έλλειψη κεντρικής ηγεσίας, απουσία στρατηγικών σκοπών κλπ), ιδίως μετά τη μεταρρύθμιση της Λισσαβόνας, επισημαίνοντας και καταγράφοντας ορισμένα σχετικά θέματα εξωτερικής πολιτικής που αντανακλούν (Ιράκ, Λιβύη) , αν και περιορισμένα, την πορεία της ΚΕΠΠΑ. Τέλος, η εργασία αυτή ολοκληρώνεται με την παράθεση των προοπτικών και ορισμένων συμπερασμάτων αποτιμώντας την εξέλιξη της πορείας της ΚΕΠΠΑ
description: This thesis attempts, initially, through a historical review, to examine the framework of the creation of European foreign policy, from its inception to the present, pointing to the milestones that marked its evolution (De Gaulle’s era, Cold War, Treaty of Maastricht, Treaty of Amsterdam, Treaty of Nice and Constitutional Treaty). It also sets out the arrangements of TFEU and TEU in the field of the Common Foreign and Security Policy, after the Lisbon Treaty, while are cited the competences of each institution in the implementation of the CFSP. At the same time, as an integral part of it, we analyze briefly the structure of the Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP). Furthermore, we refer to a number of problems (cohesion, lack of central leadership, absence of strategic aspirations etc) that have arisen and are constantly emerging, especially after the Lisbon΄s reforms by highlighting and recording some relevant foreign policy issues (Iraq, Libya), that reflect, albeit limited, the course of the CFSP. Finally, this paper concludes by outlining the prospects and some conclusions assessing the evolution of the CFSP
Effects of R-parity violating supersymmetry in top pair production at linear colliders with polarized beams
Creators: name: Wang, Xuelei
name: Li, Jitao
name: Liu, Suzhen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the minimal supersymmetric standard model with R-parity violation, the lepton number violating top quark interactions can contribute to the top pair production at a linear collider via tree-level u-channel squark exchange diagrams. We calculate such contributions and find that in the allowed range of these R-violating couplings, the top pair production rate as well as the top quark polarization and the forward-backward asymmetry can be significantly altered. By comparing the unpolarized beams with the polarized beams, we find that the polarized beams are more powerful in probing such new physics.
description: 10 pages, 6 figs
Gluon Scattering in AdS from CFT
Creators: name: Alday, Luis F.
name: Behan, Connor
name: Ferrero, Pietro
name: Zhou, Xinan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a systematic study of holographic correlators in a vast array of SCFTs with non-maximal superconformal symmetry. These theories include 4d $\mathcal{N}=2$ SCFTs from D3-branes near F-theory singularities, 5d Seiberg exceptional theories and 6d E-string theory, as well as 3d and 4d phenomenological models with probe flavor branes. We consider current multiplets and their generalizations with higher weights, dual to massless and massive super gluons in the bulk. At leading order in the inverse central charge expansion, connected four-point functions of these operators correspond to tree-level gluon scattering amplitudes in AdS. We show that all such tree-level four-point amplitudes in all these theories are fully fixed by symmetries and consistency conditions and explicitly construct them. Our results encode a wealth of SCFT data and exhibit various interesting emergent structures. These include Parisi-Sourlas-like dimensional reductions, hidden conformal symmetry and an AdS version of the color-kinematic duality.
description: typos corrected, published on JHEP
The Peculiar X-ray Transient Swift J0840.7-3516: an Unusual Low Mass X-ray Binary or a Tidal Disruption Event?
Creators: name: Shidatsu, Megumi
name: Iwakiri, Wataru
name: Negoro, Hitoshi
name: Mihara, Tatehiro
name: Ueda, Yoshihiro
name: Kawai, Nobuyuki
name: Nakahira, Satoshi
name: Kennea, Jamie A.
name: Evans, Phil A.
name: Gendreau, Keith C.
name: Enoto, Teruaki
name: Tombesi, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the X-ray properties of the new transient Swift J0840.7$-$3516, discovered with Swift/BAT in 2020 February, using extensive data of Swift, MAXI, NICER, and NuSTAR. The source flux increased for $\sim 10^3$ s after the discovery, decayed rapidly over $\sim$ 5 orders of magnitude in 5 days, and then remained almost constant over 9 months. Large-amplitude short-term variations on time scales of 1--$10^4$ s were observed throughout the decay. In the initial flux rise, the source showed a hard power-law shaped spectrum with a photon index of $\sim 1.0$ extending up to $\sim 30$ keV, above which an exponential cutoff was present. The photon index increased in the following rapid decay and became $\sim 2$ at the end of the decay. A spectral absorption feature at 3--4 keV was detected in the decay. It is not straightforward to explain all the observed properties by any known class of X-ray sources. We discuss the possible nature of the source, including a Galactic low mass X-ray binary with multiple extreme properties and a tidal disruption event by a supermassive black hole or a Galactic neutron star.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 3 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Τρόποι αλληλεπίδρασης των εκπαιδευτών με ενήλικες με νοητική ανεπάρκεια στη διάρκεια εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων
Creators: name: Αργυροπούλου, Ελένη Ιωάννη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2020
Subjects: νοητική ανεπάρκεια
ειδική εκπαίδευση
τύποι αλληλεπίδρασης
ποιότητα ζωής
intellectual disability
special education
interactional styles
quality of life

description: Η παρούσα έρευνα διεξήχθη με σκοπό να αποτυπώσει τους τρόπους αλληλεπίδρασης των εκπαιδευτών στο χώρο της ειδικής εκπαίδευσης με τους εκπαιδευόμενους με νοητική ανεπάρκεια στα πλαίσια εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων. Δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν ζεύγη εκπαιδευτών και εκπαιδευομένων με νοητική ανεπάρκεια. Για την ακριβέστερη ανάλυση των δεδομένων πραγματοποιήθηκε η επαναταξινόμηση των τριών τύπων αλληλεπίδρασης του Rapley (2004) σε δύο νέους τύπους με στόχο να προσδιορίζεται με σαφήνεια ο κάθε τύπος. Στα ευρήματα της έρευνας εντοπίστηκε μεγάλος αριθμός κοινών χαρακτηριστικών ανάμεσα στον πρώτο και στον δεύτερο τύπο του Rapley (2004), επιβεβαιώνοντας έτσι την ανάγκη της επαναταξινόμησης των τριών τύπων σε δύο. Ακόμη, αναδείχθηκαν και οι δύο νέοι τύποι αλληλεπίδρασης με ισχυρή τάση ο καθένας, χωρίς, ωστόσο, να διευκρινίζεται ποια από τις δύο είναι ισχυρότερη λόγω απουσίας αντιπροσωπευτικού δείγματος. Αξιοσημείωτο, όμως, είναι το γεγονός ότι μεγάλος αριθμός των εκπαιδευτών αναγνώριζαν την ικανότητα των ατόμων με νοητική ανεπάρκεια να λειτουργήσουν αυτόνομα και διέθεταν σε αυτά τον απαιτούμενο χώρο, σε αντίθεση με τα βιβλιογραφικά δεδομένα που εστιάζουν κυρίως στην ιδέα της ανικανότητας για τα άτομα αυτά. Η διαπίστωση αυτή προσφέρει το έδαφος για την εξέλιξη των εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων σε σύμπλευση με την επίσημη εθνική αλλά και διεθνή πολιτική σχετικά με τη βελτίωση της ποιότητας ζωής των ατόμων με νοητική ανεπάρκεια
description: This research was conducted to illustrate the styles of interaction between special educators and intellectually disabled people during the implementation of training programs. The sample of the research consisted of pairs of educators and intellectually disabled students. For more precise data analysis, Rapley's (2004) three interactional styles were re-classified into two new styles in order to clearly identify each type. The research findings identified a large number of common features between the first and second styles of Rapley (2004), thus confirming the need to reclassify the three styles into two. Both new styles of interaction showed a strong tendency, but each did not specify which one was stronger due to the absence of a representative sample. It is noteworthy, however, that a large number of educators recognized the ability of people with intellectual disability to operate independently and had the space needed, as opposed to the bibliographic data that primarily focused on the idea of ​​ incompetence. This finding provides the ground for the development of educational programs in line with official national as well as international policy on improving the quality of life of people with intellectual disability
Data-driven analysis of the electronic-structure factors controlling the work functions of perovskite oxides
Creators: name: Xiong, Yihuang
name: Chen, Weinan
name: Guo, Wenbo
name: Wei, Hua
name: Dabo, Ismaila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tuning the work functions of materials is of practical interest for maximizing the performance of microelectronic and (photo)electrochemical devices, as the efficiency of these systems depends on the ability to control electronic levels at surfaces and across interfaces. Perovskites are promising compounds to achieve such control. In this work, we examine the work functions of more than 1,000 perovskite oxide surfaces (ABO$_3$) by data-driven (machine-learning) analysis and identify the factors that determine their magnitude. While the work functions of BO$_2$-terminated surfaces are sensitive to the energy of the hybridized oxygen p bands, the work functions of AO-terminated surfaces exhibit a much less trivial dependence with respect to the filling of the d bands of the B-site atom and of its electronic affinity. This study shows the utility of interpretable data-driven models in analyzing the work functions of cubic perovskites from a limited number of electronic-structure descriptors.
Kinematic frames and "active longitudes": does the Sun have a face?
Creators: name: Pelt, J.
name: Brooke, J. M.
name: Korpi, M. J.
name: Tuominen, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has recently been claimed that analysis of Greenwich sunspot data over 120 years reveals that sunspot activity clusters around two longitudes separated by 180 degrees (``active longitudes'') with clearly defined differential rotation during activity cycles.In the present work we extend this critical examination of methodology to the actual Greenwich sunspot data and also consider newly proposed methods of analysis claiming to confirm the original identification of active longitudes. Our analysis revealed that values obtained for the parameters of differential rotation are not stable across different methods of analysis proposed to track persistent active longitudes. Also, despite a very thorough search in parameter space, we were unable to reproduce results claiming to reveal the century-persistent active longitudes. We can therefore say that strong and well substantiated evidence for an essential and century-scale persistent nonaxisymmetry in the sunspot distribution does not exist.
description: 14 pages, 1 table, 21 figures, accepted in A&A
The QCD Parton Model: a Useful Approximation
Creators: name: Di Salvo, Elvio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Approximate relations among transverse momentum dependent quark distribution functions are established in the framework of the QCD parton model. The validity of such results survives QCD evolution effects, owing to the Politzer theorem on equations of motion. Furthermore the model fixes an energy scale, involved in the parametrization of the correlator, which determines the Q^2 dependence of the azimuthal asymmetry in inclusive reactions. Some of the present data - the cos2ϕsymmetry in unpolarized Drell-Yan, the sin2ϕsingle spin asymmetry in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) and the cosϕasymmetry in unpolarized SIDIS - support model predictions. Further measurements of SIDIS and Drell-Yan asymmetries are suggested, in particular the double spin asymmetry in SIDIS, which allows to determine approximately the proton transversity.
description: 15 pages, 3 figures