Calopterygoidea Selys-Longchamps 1850
Creators: name: Bybee, Seth M.
name: Kalkman, Vincent J.
name: Erickson, Robert J.
name: Frandsen, Paul B.
name: Breinholt, Jesse W.
name: Suvorov, Anton
name: Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B.
name: Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo
name: Skevington, Jeffrey H.
name: Abbott, John C.
name: Herrera, Melissa Sanchez
name: Lemmon, Alan R.
name: Lemmon, Emily Moriarty
name: Ware, Jessica L.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia

description: <i>4.1.5.3. ‘ Calopterygoidea ’ group 3</i> <i>(BS</i> = <i>100, PP</i> = <i>1, QS</i> = <i>0.48/0.59/ 0.96).</i> This group contains nine different families with relatively little in common morphologically. Most striking is the wide variety of shapes of the nymphal caudal gills: flat and fanlike in Mesopodagrionidae, balloon-shaped in Lestoideidae and Thaumatoneuridae, balloon-shaped with lateral abdominal gills on abdominal segments two to eight in Euphaeidae, balloon-shaped with filamentous gill tufts in Pseudolestidae, sturdy and pyramidal with the epiproct terminating in three points and filamentous gill tufts below them in Devadattidae, and roundish and gradually tapering to a single point in both paraprocts and epiproct with filamentous gills tufts below them in Amphipterygidae. This suggests that there has been strong selection on the nymphal respiratory system in these groups, although nothing is known of the relative advantages of the different shapes of gills in their lotic habitats. The genera <i>Amanipodagrion</i> and <i>Mesopodagrion</i> form a clade that is the sister group to all taxa in Group 3 that were previously placed as <i>incertae sedis</i> (Bybee et al., 2008; Davis et al., 2011; Dijkstra et al., 2014; Dumont et al., 2010; van Tol and Reijnen, 2009). <i>Amanipodagrion</i> is monotypic with the only known species, <i>A. gilliesi</i>, being from Tanzania. The species is confined to a single rocky forest stream in the East Usambara Mountains where the nymph is yet to be discovered. It is a relatively large species with uncertain taxonomic affinities due to its overall morphology, banded wings and a habit of resting in a hanging position that does not match other species. <i>Mesopodagrion</i> is known from two species found in China and the northern regions of Vietnam, Thailand and Myanmar. The two <i>Mesopodagrion</i> species possess a combination of characters that does not fit any other genus: an apomorphy is the distinct extension of the terminal rim of the 10th tergite between the cerci (Yu and Bu, 2009). The nymphs have flat horizontal caudal gills (Yu, 2016), which are otherwise only found in the unrelated Argiolestidae and Protolestidae (Kalkman et al. 2010). The unique character set of both adults and nymphs, combined with the molecular results, lead us to establish a new family to accommodate this genus (see below Familylevel revisions to the Classification of Zygoptera). In our analyses <i>Amanipodagrion</i> is the sister to <i>Mesopodagrion</i> but with low QS values (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.48/0.59/0.96). The two genera are clearly different in morphology and behaviour and cannot be considered members of the same family. We therefore place them in their own respective families: Amanipodagrionidae and Mesopodagrionidae (see below Family-level revisions to the Classification of Zygoptera). Bybee et al. (2008) first established the sister-group relationship between Euphaeidae and Lestoideidae (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.8/0/ 0.99), which was supported with more extensive taxon sampling by Dijkstra et al. (2014). Sister to these two families is Pseudolestidae (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.57/0.62/0.97) with a single known species <i>Pseudolestes mirabilis</i>. Being known only from Hainan, <i>P. mirabilis,</i> has a very distinct adult and nymphal morphology, for example having the hindwing much shorter than the forewing, and unique behavior (Cordero-Rivera and Zhang, 2018 a, 2018 b; Yu and Bu, 2011). The Oriental Devadattidae and Mesoamerican Amphipterygidae are sister taxa (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.81/0/1). Their nymphs share the filamentous gill tufts below the caudal gills, also a trait of Pseudolestidae, but other morphological differences in the adults and nymphs make them distinct enough to keep them in their respective families. The last two families of this group are the Mesoamerican Thaumatoneuridae (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/1) and the Oriental Rhipidolestidae (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/0.98). The latter includes four genera (<i>Agriomorpha</i>, <i>Burmargiolestes</i>, <i>Bornargiolestes</i> and <i>Rhipidolestes</i>), which Dijkstra et al. (2014) regarded as <i>incertae sedis</i> as they were found to be paraphyletic when Thaumatoneuridae was not included. <i>Agriomorpha</i> and <i>Rhipidolestes</i> form a monophyletic group in our analyses and as <i>Burmargiolestes</i> and <i>Bornargiolestes</i> are closely related to <i>Agriomorpha</i>, we assume the four to form a monophyletic group. The name Rhipidolestinae was first used by Silsby (2001) although it seems that she did so accidentally, using it for a group that included <i>Pseudolestes</i> for which the name Pseudolestidae was already available. Nonetheless we propose to consider Silsby (2001) as the author for this family as her description, while brief, complies with the code of zoological nomenclature, including a citation of the name of the type genus, <i>Rhipidolestes</i>. The name is here used for the group of four mentioned genera, although <i>Rhipidolestes</i> stands apart due to different venation and a sturdy dorsal spine on the male’ s ninth abdominal segment. Further work might therefore show that the family should better be divided into two separate subfamilies or even families.
description: Published as part of <i>Bybee, Seth M., Kalkman, Vincent J., Erickson, Robert J., Frandsen, Paul B., Breinholt, Jesse W., Suvorov, Anton, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo, Skevington, Jeffrey H., Abbott, John C., Herrera, Melissa Sanchez, Lemmon, Alan R., Lemmon, Emily Moriarty &amp; Ware, Jessica L., 2021, Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics, pp. 107115 in Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 160</i> on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107115, http://zenodo.org/record/6643504
description: {"references": ["Bybee, S. M., Ogden, T. H., Branham, M. A., Whiting, M. F., 2008. Molecules, morphology and fossils: a comprehensive approach to odonate phylogeny and the evolution of the odonate wing. Cladistics 24, 477 - 514.", "Davis, R. B., Nicholson, D. B., Saunders, E. L. R., Mayhew, P. J., 2011. Fossil gaps inferred from phylogenies alter the apparent nature of diversification in dragonflies and their relatives. BMC Evol. Biol. 11, 252.", "Dijkstra, K. - D. - B., Kalkman, V. J., Dow, R. A., Stokvis, F. R., Van Tol, J. A. N., 2014. Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Z ygoptera (O donata). Syst. Entomol. 39, 68 - 96.", "Dumont, H. J., Vierstraete, A., Vanfleteren, J. R., 2010. A molecular phylogeny of the Odonata (Insecta). Syst. Entomol. 35, 6 - 18.", "van Tol, J., Reijnen, B. T., 2009. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Platystictidae (Odonata). Leiden University, Leiden, p. PhD thesis.", "Yu, X., Bu, W., 2009. A Revision of Mesopodagrion McLachlan, 1896 (Odonata: Zygoptera: Megapodagrionidae). https: // doi. org / 10.5281 / zenodo. 189645.", "Yu, X., 2016. A description of the larva of Mesopodagrion tibetanum australe (Odonata: \" Megapodagrionidae \"). Int. J. Odonatol. 19, 275 - 282.", "Kalkman, V. J., Choong, C. Y., Orr, A. G., Schutte, K., 2010. Remarks on the taxonomy of Megapodagrionidae with emphasis on the larval gills (Odonata). Int. J. Odonatol. 13, 119 - 135. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 13887890.2010.9748366.", "Cordoba-Aguilar ', A., 2008. Dragonflies and Damselflies: Model Organisms for Ecological and Evolutionary Research. OUP Oxford.", "Yu, X., Bu, W., 2011. A description of the remarkable larva of Pseudolestes mirabilis Kirby (Odonata: Pseudolestidae). Int. J. Odonatol. 14, 105 - 110.", "Silsby, J., 2001. Dragonflies of the World. CSIRO publishing."]}