cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
neos: End-to-End-Optimised Summary Statistics for High Energy Physics
Creators: name: Simpson, Nathan
name: Heinrich, Lukas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The advent of deep learning has yielded powerful tools to automatically compute gradients of computations. This is because training a neural network equates to iteratively updating its parameters using gradient descent to find the minimum of a loss function. Deep learning is then a subset of a broader paradigm; a workflow with free parameters that is end-to-end optimisable, provided one can keep track of the gradients all the way through. This work introduces neos: an example implementation following this paradigm of a fully differentiable high-energy physics workflow, capable of optimising a learnable summary statistic with respect to the expected sensitivity of an analysis. Doing this results in an optimisation process that is aware of the modelling and treatment of systematic uncertainties.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research (ACAT 2021)
GPU Accelerated Automatic Differentiation With Clad
Creators: name: Ifrim, Ioana
name: Vassilev, Vassil
name: Lange, David J
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Automatic Differentiation (AD) is instrumental for science and industry. It is a tool to evaluate the derivative of a function specified through a computer program. The range of AD application domain spans from Machine Learning to Robotics to High Energy Physics. Computing gradients with the help of AD is guaranteed to be more precise than the numerical alternative and have a low, constant factor more arithmetical operations compared to the original function. Moreover, AD applications to domain problems typically are computationally bound. They are often limited by the computational requirements of high-dimensional parameters and thus can benefit from parallel implementations on graphics processing units (GPUs). Clad aims to enable differential analysis for C/C++ and CUDA and is a compiler-assisted AD tool available both as a compiler extension and in ROOT. Moreover, Clad works as a plugin extending the Clang compiler; as a plugin extending the interactive interpreter Cling; and as a Jupyter kernel extension based on xeus-cling. We demonstrate the advantages of parallel gradient computations on GPUs with Clad. We explain how to bring forth a new layer of optimization and a proportional speed up by extending Clad to support CUDA. The gradients of well-behaved C++ functions can be automatically executed on a GPU. The library can be easily integrated into existing frameworks or used interactively. Furthermore, we demonstrate the achieved application performance improvements, including (~10x) in ROOT histogram fitting and corresponding performance gains from offloading to GPUs.
description: 7 pages, 2 figures, 20th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research
On Dynamic Mode Decomposition: Theory and Applications
Creators: name: Tu, Jonathan H.
name: Rowley, Clarence W.
name: Luchtenburg, Dirk M.
name: Brunton, Steven L.
name: Kutz, J. Nathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Primary: 37M10, 65P99, Secondary: 47B33

description: Originally introduced in the fluid mechanics community, dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) has emerged as a powerful tool for analyzing the dynamics of nonlinear systems. However, existing DMD theory deals primarily with sequential time series for which the measurement dimension is much larger than the number of measurements taken. We present a theoretical framework in which we define DMD as the eigendecomposition of an approximating linear operator. This generalizes DMD to a larger class of datasets, including nonsequential time series. We demonstrate the utility of this approach by presenting novel sampling strategies that increase computational efficiency and mitigate the effects of noise, respectively. We also introduce the concept of linear consistency, which helps explain the potential pitfalls of applying DMD to rank-deficient datasets, illustrating with examples. Such computations are not considered in the existing literature, but can be understood using our more general framework. In addition, we show that our theory strengthens the connections between DMD and Koopman operator theory. It also establishes connections between DMD and other techniques, including the eigensystem realization algorithm (ERA), a system identification method, and linear inverse modeling (LIM), a method from climate science. We show that under certain conditions, DMD is equivalent to LIM.
Subset Node Anomaly Tracking over Large Dynamic Graphs
Creators: name: Guo, Xingzhi
name: Zhou, Baojian
name: Skiena, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Tracking a targeted subset of nodes in an evolving graph is important for many real-world applications. Existing methods typically focus on identifying anomalous edges or finding anomaly graph snapshots in a stream way. However, edge-oriented methods cannot quantify how individual nodes change over time while others need to maintain representations of the whole graph all time, thus computationally inefficient. This paper proposes \textsc{DynAnom}, an efficient framework to quantify the changes and localize per-node anomalies over large dynamic weighted-graphs. Thanks to recent advances in dynamic representation learning based on Personalized PageRank, \textsc{DynAnom} is 1) \textit{efficient}: the time complexity is linear to the number of edge events and independent on node size of the input graph; 2) \textit{effective}: \textsc{DynAnom} can successfully track topological changes reflecting real-world anomaly; 3) \textit{flexible}: different type of anomaly score functions can be defined for various applications. Experiments demonstrate these properties on both benchmark graph datasets and a new large real-world dynamic graph. Specifically, an instantiation method based on \textsc{DynAnom} achieves the accuracy of 0.5425 compared with 0.2790, the best baseline, on the task of node-level anomaly localization while running 2.3 times faster than the baseline. We present a real-world case study and further demonstrate the usability of \textsc{DynAnom} for anomaly discovery over large-scale graphs.
description: 9 pages + 2 pages supplement, accepted to 2022 ACM SIGKDD Research Track - fixed one notation typo
On the Euclidean Action of de Sitter Black Holes and Constrained Instantons
Creators: name: Morvan, Edward K.
name: van der Schaar, Jan Pieter
name: Visser, Manus R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the on-shell Euclidean action of Schwarzschild-de Sitter black holes, and take their contributions in the gravitational path integral into account using the formalism of constrained instantons. Although Euclidean de Sitter black hole geometries have conical singularities for generic masses, their on-shell action is finite and is shown to be independent of the Euclidean time periodicity and equal to minus the sum of the black hole and cosmological horizon entropy. We apply this result to compute the probability for a nonrotating, neutral arbitrary mass black hole to nucleate spontaneously in empty de Sitter space, which separates into a constant and a "non-perturbative" contribution, the latter corresponding to the proper saddle-point instanton in the Nariai limit. We also speculate on some further applications of our results, most notably as potential non-perturbative corrections to correlators in the de Sitter vacuum.
description: 34 pages, 15 figures, added further references and clarifications. Revised version for SciPost
Comparative structural evolution under pressure of powder and single crystals of the layered antiferromagnet FePS$_3$
Creators: name: Jarvis, David M.
name: Coak, Matthew J.
name: Hamidov, Hayrullo
name: Haines, Charles R. S.
name: Lampronti, Giulio I.
name: Liu, Cheng
name: Deng, Shiyu
name: Daisenberger, Dominik
name: Allan, David R.
name: Warren, Mark R.
name: Wildes, Andrew R.
name: Saxena, Siddharth S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The layered antiferromagnet FePS$_3$ has been shown to undergo a structural transition under pressure linked to an insulator-metal transition, with two incompatible models previously proposed for the highest-pressure structure. We present a study of the high-pressure crystal structures of FePS$_3$ using both single-crystal and powder x-ray diffraction. We show that the highest pressure transition involves a collapse of the inter-planar spacing of this material, along with an increase in symmetry from a monoclinic to a trigonal structure, to the exclusion of other models. The extent of this volume collapse is shown to be sensitive to the presence of a helium pressure medium in the sample environment, indicating that consideration of such experimental factors is important for understanding high-pressure behaviours in this material.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Quark: Controllable Text Generation with Reinforced Unlearning
Creators: name: Lu, Ximing
name: Welleck, Sean
name: Hessel, Jack
name: Jiang, Liwei
name: Qin, Lianhui
name: West, Peter
name: Ammanabrolu, Prithviraj
name: Choi, Yejin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large-scale language models often learn behaviors that are misaligned with user expectations. Generated text may contain offensive or toxic language, contain significant repetition, or be of a different sentiment than desired by the user. We consider the task of unlearning these misalignments by fine-tuning the language model on signals of what not to do. We introduce Quantized Reward Konditioning (Quark), an algorithm for optimizing a reward function that quantifies an (un)wanted property, while not straying too far from the original model. Quark alternates between (i) collecting samples with the current language model, (ii) sorting them into quantiles based on reward, with each quantile identified by a reward token prepended to the language model's input, and (iii) using a standard language modeling loss on samples from each quantile conditioned on its reward token, while remaining nearby the original language model via a KL-divergence penalty. By conditioning on a high-reward token at generation time, the model generates text that exhibits less of the unwanted property. For unlearning toxicity, negative sentiment, and repetition, our experiments show that Quark outperforms both strong baselines and state-of-the-art reinforcement learning methods like PPO (Schulman et al. 2017), while relying only on standard language modeling primitives.
Quantum state reduction, and Newtonian twistor theory
Creators: name: Dunajski, Maciej
name: Penrose, Roger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We discuss the equivalence principle in quantum mechanics in the context of Newton--Cartan geometry, and non--relativistic twistor theory.
description: 14 pages, one figure. Final version, published in the Annals of Physics
Formal Hermeneutics Based on Frege Duality
Creators: name: Prosorov, Oleg
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: We outline a sheaf-theoretical framework for the discourse interpretation theory called formal hermeneutics in our previous works (1997, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004). This approach will provide a common categorical paradigm to generalize the classic Frege’s compositionality and contextuality principles at each semantic level (text, sentence, word). So revised, these principles are reconciled in a natural dual equivalence between two key categories, called Frege duality, that gives rise to some important functional representations of fragmentary meanings. As its application, we develop an inductive meaning theory formalizing the creative process of text understanding. Based on Frege duality, our formal hermeneutics intends to reveal the mathematical structures that underlie the natural language understanding process.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 9 (2005): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 9
Draft and Concept of "Realtime T App"
Creators: name: Elberskirch, Charleen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Together with a computer scientist, I developed a prototype of an interactive web application to make the research results of my M.A. thesis "Standart T" (2019) experienceable from additional angles. With the application, different T-shirt variants can be generated based on my data set, resulting in a parametric design.
Proceedings 11th International Workshop on Formal Engineering approaches to Software Components and Architectures
Creators: name: Buhnova, Bara
name: Happe, Lucia
name: Kofroň, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: D.2.1.;D.2.4;D.2.7;D.2.11

description: The aim of the FESCA workshop is to bring together both young and senior researchers from formal methods, software engineering, and industry interested in the development and application of formal modelling approaches as well as associated analysis and reasoning techniques with practical benefits for component-based software engineering. Component-based software design has received considerable attention in industry and academia in the past decade. In recent years, with the emergence of new platforms (such as smartphones), new areas advocating software correctness along with new challenges have appeared. These include development of new methods and adapting existing ones to accommodate unique features of the platforms, such as inherent distribution, openness, and continuous migration. On the other hand, with the growing power of computers, more and more is possible with respect to practical applicability of modelling and specification methods as well as verification tools to real-life software, i.e, to scale to more complex systems. FESCA aims to address the open question of how formal methods can be applied effectively to these new contexts and challenges. The workshop is interested in both the development and application of formal methods in component-based development and tries to cross-fertilize their research and application.
Competition Between Word Meanings: The Polysemy of (A)Round
Creators: name: Zwarts, Joost
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The preposition (a)round can be used to describe a wide variety of spatial paths, ranging from perfectly circular to slightly curved. This polysemy is approached from a formal semantic perspective, building on the descriptive work of cognitive semanticists. The different uses are defined in model-theoretic terms, using a vector-based model, and shown to be entailments, i.e. weaker versions or supersets, of the prototypical circle meaning of round. The different spatial senses of round can then be ordered according to strength. The interpretation that is chosen in a particular context is determined in an optimality-theoretic fashion from the interaction of a small number of general principles: STRENGTH, FIT and V AGUENESS, of which the last two are more important than the first. The strongest sense of round is chosen that fits the linguistic context. If the context does not favour a weaker meaning, a weaker meaning still results because of a preference for vagueness.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 8 (2004): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 8
Reconstruction of Large Radius Tracks with the Exa.TrkX pipeline
Creators: name: Wang, Chun-Yi
name: Ju, Xiangyang
name: Hsu, Shih-Chieh
name: Murnane, Daniel
name: Calafiura, Paolo
name: Farrell, Steven
name: Spiropulu, Maria
name: Vlimant, Jean-Roch
name: Aurisano, Adam
name: Hewes, V
name: Cerati, Giuseppe
name: Gray, Lindsey
name: Klijnsma, Thomas
name: Kowalkowski, Jim
name: Atkinson, Markus
name: Neubauer, Mark
name: DeZoort, Gage
name: Thais, Savannah
name: Ballow, Alexandra
name: Lazar, Alina
name: Caillou, Sylvain
name: Rougier, Charline
name: Stark, Jan
name: Vallier, Alexis
name: Sardain, Jad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle tracking is a challenging pattern recognition task at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and the High Luminosity-LHC. Conventional algorithms, such as those based on the Kalman Filter, achieve excellent performance in reconstructing the prompt tracks from the collision points. However, they require dedicated configuration and additional computing time to efficiently reconstruct the large radius tracks created away from the collision points. We developed an end-to-end machine learning-based track finding algorithm for the HL-LHC, the Exa.TrkX pipeline. The pipeline is designed so as to be agnostic about global track positions. In this work, we study the performance of the Exa.TrkX pipeline for finding large radius tracks. Trained with all tracks in the event, the pipeline simultaneously reconstructs prompt tracks and large radius tracks with high efficiencies. This new capability offered by the Exa.TrkX pipeline may enable us to search for new physics in real time.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Proceedings of 20th International Workshop on Advanced Computing and Analysis Techniques in Physics Research
The Utility of Synthetic Reflexes and Haptic Feedback for Upper-Limb Prostheses in a Dexterous Task Without Direct Vision
Creators: name: Thomas, Neha
name: Fazlollahi, Farimah
name: Kuchenbecker, Katherine J.
name: Brown, Jeremy D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Individuals who use myoelectric upper-limb prostheses often rely heavily on vision to complete their daily activities. They thus struggle in situations where vision is overloaded, such as multitasking, or unavailable, such as poor lighting conditions. Non-amputees can easily accomplish such tasks due to tactile reflexes and haptic sensation guiding their upper-limb motor coordination. Based on these principles, we developed and tested two novel prosthesis systems that incorporate autonomous controllers and provide the user with touch-location feedback through either vibration or distributed pressure. These capabilities were made possible by installing a custom contact-location sensor on thefingers of a commercial prosthetic hand, along with a custom pressure sensor on the thumb. We compared the performance of the two systems against a standard myoelectric prosthesis and a myoelectric prosthesis with only autonomous controllers in a difficult reach-to-pick-and-place task conducted without direct vision. Results from 40 non-amputee participants in this between-subjects study indicated that vibrotactile feedback combined with synthetic reflexes proved significantly more advantageous than the standard prosthesis in several of the task milestones. In addition, vibrotactile feedback and synthetic reflexes improved grasp placement compared to only synthetic reflexes or pressure feedback combined with synthetic reflexes. These results indicate that both autonomous controllers and haptic feedback facilitate success in dexterous tasks without vision, and that the type of haptic display matters.
Syntactic vs. Semantic Negation
Creators: name: Zeijlstra, Hedde
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In this paper I investigate the relation between Negative Concord (NC) and the syntactic status of negative markers. I will show that (basing myself on three different empirical domains) Jespersen’s original bidirectional generalization between these two phenomena should be replaced by a unidirectional one: whenever a language has a negative marker that is a syntactic head, the language exhibits NC; languages that only exhibit Double Negation lack a negative head. I will analyze NC as a form of syntactic agreement. This means that only NC languages have a functional projection NegP. Moreover, this means that n-words in Negative Concord languages cannot be regarded as semantically negative and that not in every language the negative marker itself is the phonological realization of a negative operator. I will conclude my paper by showing that this analysis predicts the correct readings of multiple negative expressions, including those that formed problems for previous analyses of NC.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 8 (2004): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 8
Chaos in two black holes with next-to-leading order spin-spin interactions
Creators: name: Huang, Guoqing
name: Ni, Xiaoting
name: Wu, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We take into account the dynamics of a complete third post-Newtonian conservative Hamiltonian of two spinning black holes, where the orbital part arrives at the third post-Newtonian precision level and the spin-spin part with the spin-orbit part includes the leading-order and next-to-leading-order contributions. It is shown through numerical simulations that the next-to-leading order spin-spin couplings play an important role in chaos. A dynamical sensitivity to the variation of single parameter is also investigated. In particular, there are a number of \textit{observable} orbits whose initial radii are large enough and which become chaotic before coalescence.
Unveiling the higher-order organization of multivariate time series
Creators: name: Santoro, Andrea
name: Battiston, Federico
name: Petri, Giovanni
name: Amico, Enrico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Time series analysis has proven to be a powerful method to characterize several phenomena in biology, neuroscience and economics, and to understand some of their underlying dynamical features. Despite a plethora of methods have been proposed for the analysis of multivariate time series, most of them neglect the effect of non-pairwise interactions on the emerging dynamics. Here, we propose a novel framework to characterize the temporal evolution of higher-order dependencies within multivariate time series. Using network analysis and topology, we show that, unlike traditional tools based on pairwise statistics, our framework robustly differentiates various spatiotemporal regimes of coupled chaotic maps, including chaotic dynamical phases and various types of synchronization. Hence, using the higher-order co-fluctuation patterns in simulated dynamical processes as a guide, we highlight and quantify signatures of higher-order patterns in data from brain functional activity, financial markets, and epidemics. Overall, our approach sheds new light on the higher-order organization of multivariate time series, allowing a better characterization of dynamical group dependencies inherent to real-world data.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures. Supplementary Information (16 figures, 2 tables)
Escape fraction of ionizing photons during reionization: effects due to supernova feedback and runaway OB stars
Creators: name: Kimm, Taysun
name: Cen, Renyue
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The fraction of hydrogen ionizing photons escaping from galaxies into the intergalactic medium is a critical ingredient in the theory of reionization. We use two zoomed-in, high-resolution (4 pc), cosmological radiation hydrodynamic simulations with adaptive mesh refinement to investigate the impact of two physical mechanisms (supernova feedback and runaway OB stars) on the escape fraction (f_esc) at the epoch of reionization (z>7). We implement a new, physically motivated supernova feedback model that can approximate the Sedov solutions at all (from the free expansion to snowplow) stages. We find that there is a significant time delay of about ten million years between the peak of star formation and that of escape fraction, due to the time required for the build-up and subsequent destruction of the star-forming cloud by supernova feedback. Consequently, the photon number-weighted mean escape fraction for dwarf galaxies in halos of mass 10^8-10^10.5 Msun is found to be ~11%, although instantaneous values of f_esc>20% are common when star formation is strongly modulated by the supernova explosions. We find that the inclusion of runaway OB stars increases the mean escape fraction by 22% to ~14%. As supernovae resulting from runaway OB stars tend to occur in less dense environments, the feedback effect is enhanced and star formation is further suppressed in halos with Mvir>10^9 Msun in the simulation with runaway OB stars compared with the model without them. While both our models produce enough ionizing photons to maintain a fully ionized universe at z>7 as observed, a still higher amount of ionizing photons at z>9 appears necessary to accommodate the high observed electron optical depth inferred from cosmic microwave background observations.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Using Focus to Improve Definition: What Counts in Quantification
Creators: name: Wedgwood, Daniel
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Szabolcsi (1997a) proposes that some left-peripheral syntactic positions encode not compositional semantic information, but different procedures for the assessment of truth conditions. These procedures are said to be reflected in the range of quantified noun phrases that may appear in certain positions in the pre-verbal field in Hungarian. While one of Szabolcsi’s proposed procedures correctly predicts a monotonicity-based constraint on the quantifiers appearing in certain positions, her other procedure is too vaguely defined to produce useful predictions. I argue that the appropriate procedure in this latter case is the same as the one that produces ‘narrow focus’ interpretations and that the related position that Szabolcsi proposes for quantificational processes is nothing other than the well-known ‘focus position’ of Hungarian. Apparent interpretive differences between the relevant quantificational phrases and other uses of syntactic focus follow naturally from an inferential pragmatic approach to this position. This has important theoretical implications: an inferential analysis of syntactic focus requires (1) a ‘dynamic’, parsing-based view of the relationship between syntax and semantics and (2) a re-alignment of the burden of explanation between linguistically encoded semantics and inferential pragmatics. An analysis of this nature proves to explain the quantifier distribution facts and a number of other syntactic phenomena in an extremely parsimonious fashion.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 8 (2004): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 8
Multipolar social systems: Measuring polarization beyond dichotomous contexts
Creators: name: Martin-Gutierrez, Samuel
name: Losada, Juan C.
name: Benito, Rosa M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Social polarization is a growing concern worldwide, as it strains social relations, erodes trust in institutions, and thus threatens democratic societies. Academic efforts to understand this phenomenon have traditionally approached it from a one-dimensional perspective, focusing on bipolar or dichotomous systems. However, political conflicts often involve not only two, but multiple potentially dissenting factions. The most representative examples are multi-party democracies, where the multilateral tensions among different parties often lead to gridlock and uncertainty. Despite the prevalence of these multipolar systems, there is still a lack of suitable analytical tools to study their intricate polarization patterns. In this work, we develop an analytical framework consisting of an inherently multipolar model for unbiased ideological spaces, a method to infer multidimensional opinions from interaction networks, and novel multidimensional polarization metrics that quantify several aspects of ideological polarization and bring new insights into the analysis of high-dimensional opinion distributions. Crucially, our multidimensional framework does not assume the underlying ideological structure, such as conservative vs progressive, liberal vs authoritarian, etc. Instead, it reveals the natural space that best describes the social landscape, which does not necessarily correspond to traditional categories. We illustrate the application of this framework in quadripolar and pentapolar real-world democratic processes, finding non-trivial ideological structures with clear connections to the underlying social context. Our methodology offers a comprehensive perspective of multilateral social tensions, as it incorporates complementary aspects of polarization: network segregation, opinion extremeness, and issue alignment.
description: 27 pages, 10 figures, 9 tables
ORKA: Object reconstruction using a K-approximation graph
Creators: name: Bossmann, Florian
name: Ma, Jianwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Data processing has to deal with many practical difficulties. Data is often corrupted by artifacts or noise and acquiring data can be expensive and difficult. Thus, the given data is often incomplete and inaccurate. To overcome these problems, it is often assumed that the data is sparse or low-dimensional in some domain. When multiple measurements are taken, this sparsity often appears in a structured manner. We propose a new model that assumes the data only contains a few relevant objects, i.e., it is sparse in some object domain. We model an object as a structure that can only change slightly in form and continuously in position over different measurements. This can be modeled by a matrix with highly correlated columns and a column shift operator that we introduce in this work. We present an efficient algorithm to solve the object reconstruction problem based on a K-approximation graph. We prove optimal approximation bounds and perform a numerical evaluation of the method. Examples from applications including Geophysics, video processing, and others will be given.
Cataphoric Indefinites
Creators: name: Umbach, Carla
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In this paper a subclass of specific indefinites called cataphoric indefinites is investigated. These indefinites carry an accent on the determiner, are partitives, and occur in topic position. They induce a particular set of alternatives, which represents an implicit, cataphoric, identifying property, and are closely similar to attributive (non-pronominal) definite descriptions. For cataphoric indefinites, the speaker-hearer asymmetry turns out to be a mere side effect of information structure.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 8 (2004): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 8
A high-fidelity quantum matter-link between ion-trap microchip modules
Creators: name: Akhtar, M.
name: Bonus, F.
name: Lebrun-Gallagher, F. R.
name: Johnson, N. I.
name: Siegele-Brown, M.
name: Hong, S.
name: Hile, S. J.
name: Kulmiya, S. A.
name: Weidt, S.
name: Hensinger, W. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: System scalability is fundamental for large-scale quantum computers (QCs) and is being pursued over a variety of hardware platforms. For QCs based on trapped ions, architectures such as the quantum charge-coupled device (QCCD) are used to scale the number of qubits on a single device. However, the number of ions that can be hosted on a single quantum computing module is limited by the size of the chip being used. Therefore, a modular approach is of critical importance and requires quantum connections between individual modules. Here, we present the demonstration of a quantum matter-link in which ion qubits are transferred between adjacent QC modules. Ion transport between adjacent modules is realised at a rate of 2424$\,$s$^{-1}$ and with an infidelity associated with ion loss during transport below $7\times10^{-8}$. Furthermore, we show that the link does not measurably impact the phase coherence of the qubit. The quantum matter-link constitutes a practical mechanism for the interconnection of QCCD devices. Our work will facilitate the implementation of modular QCs capable of fault-tolerant utility-scale quantum computation.
Several fermions strongly interacting with a heavy mobile impurity in a one-dimensional harmonic trap
Creators: name: Włodzyński, Damian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a numerically exact method for a mixture with a single impurity immersed in several majority fermions, confined in a harmonic potential. We separate one of the degrees of freedom through an appropriately tailored canonical transformation and perform exact diagonalization on the simplified Hamiltonian. This method is especially effective for a heavy impurity, where it outmatches the typical exact diagonalization approach. We used our method to calculate energy and density profiles of the first few eigenstates for the mixture with up to ten majority fermions.
Twisted magnetic flux tubes in the solar wind
Creators: name: Zaqarashvili, Teimuraz
name: Vörös, Zoltán
name: Narita, Yasuhito
name: Bruno, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetic flux tubes in the solar wind can be twisted as they are transported from the solar surface, where the tubes are twisted owing to photospheric motions. It is suggested that the twisted magnetic tubes can be detected as the variation of total (thermal+magnetic) pressure during their passage through observing satellite. We show that the total pressure of several observed twisted tubes resembles the theoretically expected profile. The twist of isolated magnetic tube may explain the observed abrupt changes of magnetic field direction at tube walls. We have also found some evidence that the flux tube walls can be associated with local heating of the plasma and elevated proton and electron temperatures. For the tubes aligned with the Parker spiral, the twist angle can be estimated from the change of magnetic field direction. Stability analysis of twisted tubes shows that the critical twist angle of the tube with a homogeneous twist is 70$^0$, but the angle can further decrease owing to the motion of the tube with regards to the solar wind stream. The tubes with a stronger twist are unstable to the kink instability, therefore they probably can not reach 1 AU.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted in ApJL
Network nonlocality sharing via weak measurements in the generalized star network configuration
Creators: name: Wang, Jian-Hui
name: Wang, Ya-Jie
name: Wang, Liu-Jun
name: Chen, Qing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Network nonlocality exhibits completely novel quantum correlations compared to standard quantum nonlocality. It has been shown that network nonlocality can be shared in a generalized bilocal scenario via weak measurements [Phys. Rev. A. 105, 042436 (2022)]. In this paper, we investigate network nonlocality sharing via weak measurements in a generalized star-shaped network configuration with arbitrary numbers of unbiased dichotomic input $k$, which includes $n$ branches and adds ($m$-1) more parties in each branch to the original star network $(n, m=1, k=2)$ scenario. It is shown that network nonlocality sharing among all observers can be revealed from simultaneous violation of $2^n$ inequalities in the ($n, m=2, k=2$) and ($n, m=2, k=3$) scenarios for any $n$ branches. The noise resistance of network nonlocality sharing with a precise noise model is also analyzed.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. update new results
Theory and Application of Shapelets to the Analysis of Surface Self-assembly Imaging
Creators: name: Suderman, Robert
name: Lizotte, Daniel
name: Abukhdeir, Nasser Mohieddin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for quantitative analysis of local pattern strength and defects in surface self-assembly imaging is presented and applied to images of stripe and hexagonal ordered domains. The presented method uses "shapelet" functions which were originally developed for quantitative analysis of images of galaxies ($\propto 10^{20}\mathrm{m}$). In this work, they are used instead to quantify the presence of translational order in surface self-assembled films ($\propto 10^{-9}\mathrm{m}$) through reformulation into "steerable" filters. The resulting method is both computationally efficient (with respect to the number of filter evaluations), robust to variation in pattern feature shape, and, unlike previous approaches, is applicable to a wide variety of pattern types. An application of the method is presented which uses a nearest-neighbour analysis to distinguish between uniform (defect-free) and non-uniform (strained, defect-containing) regions within imaged self-assembled domains, both with striped and hexagonal patterns.
description: 11 pages, 8 figures, submitted to the Journal of Computational Physics
Two-loop master integrals for pseudo-scalar quarkonium and leptonium production and decay
Creators: name: Abreu, Samuel
name: Becchetti, Matteo
name: Duhr, Claude
name: Ozcelik, Melih A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the master integrals relevant for the two-loop corrections to pseudo-scalar quarkonium and leptonium production and decay. We present both analytic and high-precision numerical results. The analytic expressions are given in terms of multiple polylogarithms (MPLs), elliptic multiple polylogarithms (eMPLs) and iterated integrals of Eisenstein series. As an application of our results, we obtain for the first time an analytic expression for the two-loop amplitude for para-positronium decay to two photons at two loops.
description: 34 pages, 6 figures, v2: references updated, version published in JHEP
Beck Effects in the Comparative
Creators: name: Stateva, Penka
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper defends a “classical” quantificational view on the semantics of comparatives. Building on a proposal in Heim (2000), I examine the role of syntax in scope interactions between the comparative operator and other scope bearing elements. I reevaluate Heim’s interface constraint, known as Kennedy’s generalization and propose to reduce it to a more general constraint about intervention effects of quantifiers, independently motivated in Beck (1996a). My proposal also sheds light on long known puzzles in the than-clause of comparatives.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 8 (2004): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 8
Generative Adversarial Networks for the fast simulation of the Time Projection Chamber responses at the MPD detector
Creators: name: Maevskiy, A.
name: Ratnikov, F.
name: Zinchenko, A.
name: Riabov, V.
name: Sukhorosov, A.
name: Evdokimov, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The detailed detector simulation models are vital for the successful operation of modern high-energy physics experiments. In most cases, such detailed models require a significant amount of computing resources to run. Often this may not be afforded and less resource-intensive approaches are desired. In this work, we demonstrate the applicability of Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) as the basis for such fast-simulation models for the case of the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) at the MPD detector at the NICA accelerator complex. Our prototype GAN-based model of TPC works more than an order of magnitude faster compared to the detailed simulation without any noticeable drop in the quality of the high-level reconstruction characteristics for the generated data. Approaches with direct and indirect quality metrics optimization are compared.
description: Submitted for the proceedings of ACAT2021, https://indico.cern.ch/event/855454/contributions/4596732/
Causative Constructions and Animacy Configurations
Creators: name: Seong, Sang Hwan
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper investigates the semantics of causative constructions in Korean, German and English with regard to their force dynamic profiles à la Talmy (1988), i.e. distributions over animacy configurations of causer and causee. We investigate how the distributions of types of caused predicates are correlated with the (in)animacy criterion of the causer and the causee. We will be concerned with analytic, syntactic causatives in Korean, German and English in which there are separate predicates expressing the notions of causation and the predicate of the effect. This study reveals that contrary to English, the most directly causing event in Korean is part of the inducive causation (human on human). We also discuss German causative constructions which show relatively tighter argument selectional restrictions compared to English.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 8 (2004): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 8
Effects of lattice dilution on the non-equilibrium phase transition in the stochastic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered model
Creators: name: Mukhamadiarov, Ruslan
name: Täuber, Uwe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate how site dilution, as would be introduced by immunization, affects the properties of the active-to-absorbing non-equilibrium phase transition in the paradigmatic Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered (SIR) model on regular cubic lattices. According to the Harris criterion, the critical behavior of the SIR model, which is governed by the universal scaling exponents of the dynamic isotropic percolation (DyIP) universality class, should remain unaltered after introducing impurities. However, when the SIR reactions are simulated for immobile agents on two- and three-dimensional lattices subject to quenched disorder, we observe a wide crossover region characterized by varying effective exponents. Only after a sufficient increase of the lattice sizes does it becomes clear that the SIR system must transition from that crossover regime before the effective critical exponents asymptotically assume the expected DyIP values. We attribute the appearance of this exceedingly long crossover to a time lag in a complete recovery of small disconnected clusters of susceptible sites which are apt to be generated when the system is prepared with Poisson-distributed quenched disorder. Finally, we demonstrate that this transient region becomes drastically diminished when we significantly increase the value of the recovery rate or enable diffusive agent mobility through short-range hopping.
Observations and Implications of Large-Amplitude Longitudinal Oscillations in a Solar Filament
Creators: name: Luna, M.
name: Knizhnik, K.
name: Muglach, K.
name: Karpen, J.
name: Gilbert, H.
name: Kucera, T. A.
name: Uritsky, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: On 20 August 2010 an energetic disturbance triggered large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations in a nearby filament. The triggering mechanism appears to be episodic jets connecting the energetic event with the filament threads. In the present work we analyze this periodic motion in a large fraction of the filament to characterize the underlying physics of the oscillation as well as the filament properties. The results support our previous theoretical conclusions that the restoring force of large-amplitude longitudinal oscillations is solar gravity, and the damping mechanism is the ongoing accumulation of mass onto the oscillating threads. Based on our previous work, we used the fitted parameters to determine the magnitude and radius of curvature of the dipped magnetic field along the filament, as well as the mass accretion rate onto the filament threads. These derived properties are nearly uniform along the filament, indicating a remarkable degree of cohesiveness throughout the filament channel. Moreover, the estimated mass accretion rate implies that the footpoint heating responsible for the thread formation, according to the thermal nonequilibrium model, agrees with previous coronal heating estimates. We estimate the magnitude of the energy released in the nearby event by studying the dynamic response of the filament threads, and discuss the implications of our study for filament structure and heating.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ