cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Methods and Universal Darwinism
Creators: name: Campbell, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Bayesian methods since the time of Laplace have been understood by their practitioners as closely aligned to the scientific method. Indeed a recent champion of Bayesian methods, E. T. Jaynes, titled his textbook on the subject Probability Theory: the Logic of Science. Many philosophers of science including Karl Popper and Donald Campbell have interpreted the evolution of Science as a Darwinian process consisting of a 'copy with selective retention' algorithm abstracted from Darwin's theory of Natural Selection. Arguments are presented for an isomorphism between Bayesian Methods and Darwinian processes. Universal Darwinism, as the term has been developed by Richard Dawkins, Daniel Dennett and Susan Blackmore, is the collection of scientific theories which explain the creation and evolution of their subject matter as due to the operation of Darwinian processes. These subject matters span the fields of atomic physics, chemistry, biology and the social sciences. The principle of Maximum Entropy states that systems will evolve to states of highest entropy subject to the constraints of scientific law. This principle may be inverted to provide illumination as to the nature of scientific law. Our best cosmological theories suggest the universe contained much less complexity during the period shortly after the Big Bang than it does at present. The scientific subject matter of atomic physics, chemistry, biology and the social sciences has been created since that time. An explanation is proposed for the existence of this subject matter as due to the evolution of constraints in the form of adaptations imposed on Maximum Entropy. It is argued these adaptations were discovered and instantiated through the operations of a succession of Darwinian processes.
Phenomenology of iQuarkonium
Creators: name: Cheung, Kingman
name: Keung, Wai-Yee
name: Yuan, Tzu-Chiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Phenomenology of uncolored iquarks - hypothetical fermions charged under a new confining unbroken non-abelian gauge group as well as the standard electroweak gauge group - is investigated for the iquark mass in the range near and above 100 GeV. If the new confining scale turns out to be higher than MeV but much less than the iquark mass, the iquark-antiiquark pair produced in the collider will promptly relaxed into the ground state of the iquarkonium. Subsequent pair annihilation into standard model particles gives useful information of the iquark dynamics. We formulate in details production and decays of the iquark-antiiquark bound states. Decay patterns of the iquarkonium can be distinguished from the superheavy quarkonium of a sequential fourth generation of quarks with degenerate mass.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures. This version matches the published version (to appear in NPB)
Bioinspired nanotechnologies for on-demand growth factor delivery
Creators: name: Stejskalová, Anna
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Growth factors are signalling molecules that orchestrate cell proliferation, survival and migration. As such, they have been identified as promising therapeutics to promote tissue repair. However, there is currently a lack of approaches that enable their effective delivery. A promising strategy to make growth factor-based therapies more potent is to mimic the way the extracellular matrix (ECM) coordinates the presentation of growth factors in time and space. For example, the ECM contains domains that bind growth factors with high affinity and contains enzymatically cleavable domains whose cleavage leads to a transient increase of the available growth factor. One mechanism that evolved to achieve a delayed, on-demand activation of growth factors is the traction force mediated release of the transforming growth factor-beta β (TGF-β) from the lasso-resembling Large Latent Complex (LLC). While the use of bioactive ECM-derived motifs has already extended the capabilities of growth factor delivery scaffolds, traction forces have not yet been explored as a general stimulus to trigger an on-demand release of growth factors. This thesis presents the design of synthetic, functional mimics of the LLC, termed the Traction Activated Payloads (TrAPs). TrAPs consist of an aptamer and a cell adhesive peptide. The single-stranded oligonucleotide aptamer binds a growth factor via affinity interactions, which are disrupted when the cell pulls on the complex via integrins. This thesis demonstrates the versatility of the platform by showing: (i) that TrAPs can be designed to deliver multiple different growth factors and (ii) that TrAPs retain their functionality when conjugated to both a variety of surfaces and therapeutically relevant collagen scaffolds. This thesis further demonstrates that TrAPs can be combined with various cell adhesive peptides, making this platform the first step towards the design of cell type-specific, sequential growth factor activation.
MicroRNAs as bile-based biomarkers for pancreatic and biliary-tract cancers
Creators: name: Mato Prado, Mireia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and biliary tract cancers (BTC) are lethal diseases and have poor survival rates. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They are commonly deregulated in cancer and are incredibly stable molecules in tissues and biofluids. Therefore, miRNAs have potential as clinical useful biomarkers for the detection of cancer. PDAC and BTC often present with obstruction of the common bile duct leading to painless jaundice. Therefore, finding novel miRNAs in the bile-fluid associated with PDAC and/or BTC would be a considerable discovery, due to its close proximity to the malignant lesion. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin, which contain miRNAs. They are secreted into the extracellular space by a variety of cells, including cancer cells. They play a crucial role in cell-cell communication in the tumour microenvironment, transferring information through their cargo, and are implicated in cancer development and metastasis. Here, I develop upon these initial observations and demonstrate that bile miRNAs can discriminate PDAC and BTC from benign disease. Profiling revealed miRNAs are able to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions. These candidates were further validated in an independent cohort of bile samples and three miRNAs (miR-148a, miR-194 and miR-125b) were able to not only differentiate benign from malignant lesions, but also discriminate between PDAC and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Furthermore, the expression of these three miRNAs was measured in exosomes from six pancreatic cell lines showing a higher expression of these miRNAs in exosomes compared to the cell pellet. A significantly higher expression of miR-148a was observed in exosomes compared to the cell pellet. Therefore, there is potential to use these bile-based miRNAs to improve diagnosis and stratify patients, thereby informing treatment decisions and improving survival by “personalising” their subsequent therapies.
Fighting to survive: an organisational survival approach to insurgency
Creators: name: Bennett, Nell
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 399999
subject: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Why do rebel groups continue fighting when they know they cannot win? Why do they continue to use violence after all hope of achieving their political goals has vanished? The puzzle of insurgent persistence remains an underexamined area of civil war studies. I argue that organisational theory makes an important contribution towards explaining why, despite diminishing prospects of success, insurgents continue using violence. Over time, insurgents become organisations and the survival of the group can supplant their original political goals. This dissertation uses previously unpublished internal documents from the Basque separatist group Euskal Ta Askatasuna (ETA) to demonstrate how organisational maintenance led the group to continue fighting when the costs outweighed the benefits. These documents include previously unpublished transcripts from key internal debates about the organisation’s future. This new empirical material provides a rare view inside an insurgent organisation at crucial decision points. A detailed analysis of this material reveals that ETA was driven by a desire to survive and expand – and that the survival of their organisation was ultimately more important than the Basque nationalist movement.
Продовольственное обеспечение Севастополя в годы Второй обороны 1941-1942 годов: источниковая база исследования
Creators: name: Сабельников Михаил Андреевич
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Вторая оборона Севастополя
источник
нарративный источник
документ
продовольствие
The second defense of Sevastopol
source
narrative source
document
food

description: Аннотация. В статье изучена источниковая база по теме продовольственного обеспечения Севастополя в период Второй обороны города в 1941–1942 годах. Дана оценка разнообразию и значимости доступных исторических материалов, включая архивные документы, воспоминания участников событий и другие источники. Проанализированы методы их изучения и интерпретации для получения более полного представления о продовольственной ситуации в Севастополе в указанный период.  

Abstract. The article examines the source base on the topic of food supplies to Sevastopol during the Second Defense of the City in 1941–1942. An assessment is made of the diversity and significance of available historical materials, including archival documents, memoirs of participants in the events, and other sources. The methods of studying and interpreting these materials are analyzed to obtain a more complete picture of the food situation in Sevastopol during this period.
Inflationary potentials in DBI models
Creators: name: Bessada, Dennis
name: Kinney, William H.
name: Tzirakis, Konstantinos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study DBI inflation based upon a general model characterized by a power-law flow parameter $ε(ϕ)\proptoϕ^α$ and speed of sound $c_s(ϕ)\proptoϕ^β$, where $α$ and $β$ are constants. We show that in the slow-roll limit this general model gives rise to distinct inflationary classes according to the relation between $α$ and $β$ and to the time evolution of the inflaton field, each one corresponding to a specific potential; in particular, we find that the well-known canonical polynomial (large- and small-field), hybrid and exponential potentials also arise in this non-canonical model. We find that these non-canonical classes have the same physical features as their canonical analogs, except for the fact that the inflaton field evolves with varying speed of sound; also, we show that a broad class of canonical and D-brane inflation models are particular cases of this general non-canonical model. Next, we compare the predictions of large-field polynomial models with the current observational data, showing that models with low speed of sound have red-tilted scalar spectrum with low tensor-to-scalar ratio, in good agreement with the observed values. These models also show a correlation between large non-gaussianity with low tensor amplitudes, which is a distinct signature of DBI inflation with large-field polynomial potentials.
description: Minor changes, reference added. Version submitted to JCAP
Prototyping in Escherichia coli of stable and effective metabolic pathways for Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803
Creators: name: Taylor, George
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2018

description: Engineering well-functioning metabolic pathways remains a challenge, largely because designing a metabolic pathway-encoding construct to express proteins at intended levels is limited and often leads to an imbalance of the pathway’s protein concentration profile and therefore a poor performance. Whilst combinatorial and iterative approaches have proven effective for optimising the pathway balance in model organisms, implementing these approaches has typically proven arduous and time-consuming for many other organisms with phenotypes of industrial relevance. Such organisms are often considered as non-model because they are difficult to engineer, often lacking the tractability, fast-growth rates and high transformation efficiencies of model organisms. This project aims to implement rapid prototyping of metabolic pathway-encoding constructs in the tractable organism, Escherichia coli, before transferring the construct for expression in the non-model organism, the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Synechocystis is a photoautotroph that offers the potential to sustainably produce products from carbon dioxide. However, its slow growth rate, genetic instability and lack of genetic tools make it difficult to engineer. To test the rapid prototyping of metabolic pathway-encoding constructs, genetic parts and a design framework were required. For this, libraries of synthetic promoters and synthetic RBSs were developed, from which portable promoters and RBSs were identified that offered predictive protein expression between the two organisms. A novel multi-part, modular DNA assembly method was developed, termed Start-Stop Assembly, to serve as a framework. Using these tools, variations of the lycopene pathway were compared using current state-of-the-art and novel rapid prototyping designs. In this instance, rapid prototyping did not allow the performance of a pathway in E. coli to be used as a prediction of its performance in Synechocystis, and therefore it offered no benefit to the pathways design. Implementing a combinatorial approach did however improve the proportion of effective and stable pathways in Synechocystis, which led to lycopene being directly produced from carbon dioxide.
Dataset 2018
Creators: name: del Valle Mendoza, Juana Mercedes
name: Valverde, Jorge
name: Saiki, Stephanie
name: Cornejo-Tapia, Angela
name: Vásquez-Achaya, Fernando
name: Castillo, Maria Esther
name: Petrozzi-Helasvuo, Verónica
name: Silva-caso, Wilmer
name: Aguilar-Luis, Miguel Angel
name: del Aguila, Olguita
name: Bada, Carlos
name: Cieza-Mora, Erico
name: del Valle-Mendoza, Juana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: classificationCode: 320211
subject: Infectious diseases
classificationCode: 310702
subject: Infectious agents

description: High prevalence of respiratory virus and atypical bacterium among children with a probable diagnosis of pertussis

Jorge Valverde1†,
Stephanie Saiki2†, Angela
Cornejo-Tapia1*, Fernando
Vásquez-Achaya1, Maria Esther Castillo3, Verónica
Petrozzi-Helasvuo1, Wilmer Silva-caso1, Miguel Angel
Aguilar-Luis1,2,4, Olguita del Aguila5, Carlos Bada6,
Erico Cieza-Mora7, Juana del Valle-Mendoza1,2*
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) represent an
important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, remaining a major
public health concern, especially affecting children under 5 years old from
low-income countries. Unfortunately, information regarding their epidemiology
is still limited in Peru

Methods: A
secondary data analysis was performed from a previous cross-sectional study conducted
in children with a probable diagnosis of Pertussis from January 2010 to July
2012. All samples were analyzed via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the
following etiologies: Influenza-A, Influenza-B, RSV-A, RSV-B, Adenovirus,
Parainfluenza 1 virus, Parainfluenza 2 virus, Parainfluenza 3 virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae.

Results: A total
of 288 patients were included. The most common pathogen isolated was Adenovirus
(49%), followed by Bordetella pertussis
(41%) from our previous investigation, the most prevelant microorganisms were Mycoplasma pneumonia (26%) and
Influenza-B (19.8%). Coinfections were reported in 53.5% of samples and the
most common association was found between M.
pneumoniae and Adenovirus (9%). Conclusions:
There was a high prevalence of Adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other etiologies
in patients with a probable diagnosis of pertussis. Despite the presence of persistent cough
lasting at least two weeks and other clinical
characteristics highly suspicious of pertussis, secondary etiologies
should be considered in children under 5 years-old in order to give a proper treatment.
Endocardial activation mapping of human atrial fibrillation
Creators: name: Mann, Ian Edward
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Successful ablation of arrhythmias depends upon interpretation of the mechanism. However, in persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation is currently directed towards the mechanism that initiates paroxysmal AF. We sought to address the hypothesis that atrial activation patterns during persistent AF may help determine the underlying mechanism. Activation mapping of AF wavefronts is labor intensive and often restricted to short time segments in limited atrial locations. RETRO-Mapping was developed to identify uniform wavefronts that occur during AF, and summate all wavefront vectors on to an orbital plot. Uniform wavefronts were mapped using RETRO-Mapping during sinus rhythm, atrial tachycardia, and atrial fibrillation, and validated against detailed manual analysis of the same wavefronts with conventional isochronal mapping. RETRO-Mapping was found to have comparable accuracy to isochronal mapping. RETRO-Mapping was then used to investigate atrial activation patterns during persistent AF. Atrial activation patterns demonstrated evidence of spatiotemporal stability over long time periods. Orbital plots created at different time points in the same location remained unchanged. Together with this important discovery, both fractionation and bipolar voltage were also demonstrated to express stability over time. Spatiotemporal stability during persistent AF enables sequential mapping as an acceptable technique. This property also allowed the development of a method for displaying sequentially mapped locations on a single map – RETRO-Choropleth Map. These findings go against the multiple wavelet hypothesis with random activation. Having gained insights in to these stable activation patterns, extensive analysis was undertaken to identify the presence of focal activation. Focal activations were identified during persistent AF. RETRO-Mapping was used to show that adjacent activation patterns were not related to focal activations. Lastly, the effect of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) was studied by mapping atrial activation patterns before and after PVI. RETRO-Mapping showed that PVI leads to increased organisation of AF in most patients, supporting a mechanistic role of the pulmonary veins in persistent AF. In conclusion, a new technique has been developed and validated for automated activation mapping of persistent AF. These techniques could be used to guide additional ablation strategies beyond PVI for patients with persistent AF.
Huấn luyện huấn luyện viên Thực hành khai thác Tài nguyên Giáo dục Mở
Creators: name: Nghĩa, Lê Trung
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Tài nguyên Giáo dục Mở (TNGDM)
Khung năng lực TNGDM cho giảng viên

description: Tài liệu 'Huấn luyện huấn luyện viên Thực hành khai thác Tài nguyên Giáo dục Mở' để sử dụng trong các khóa đào tạo giảng viên các trường đại học, cao đẳng và các cơ sở giáo dục mọi cấp học khai thác Tài nguyên Giáo dục Mở phù hợp với 'Khung năng lực Tài nguyên Giáo dục Mở cho Giảng viên'.
New photometry and astrometry of the isolated neutron star RX J0720-3125 using recent VLT/FORS observations
Creators: name: Eisenbeiss, Thomas
name: Ginski, Christian
name: Hohle, Markus M.
name: Hambaryan, Valeri V.
name: Neuhaeuser, Ralph
name: Schmidt, Tobias O. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the first optical detection of RXJ0720.4-3125 various observations have been performed to determine astrometric and photometric data. We present the first detection of the isolated neutron star in the V Bessel filter to study the spectral energy distribution and derive a new astrometric position. At ESO Paranal we obtained very deep images with FORS 1 (three hours exposure time) of RXJ0720.4-3125 in V Bessel filter in January 2008. We derive the visual magnitude by standard star aperture photometry.Using sophisticated resampling software we correct the images for field distortions. Then we derive an updated position and proper motion value by comparing its position with FORS 1 observations of December 2000. We calculate a visual magnitude of V = 26.81 +- 0.09mag, which is seven times in excess of what is expected from X-ray data, but consistent with the extant U, B and R data. Over about a seven year epoch difference we measured a proper motion of mu = 105.1 +- 7.4mas/yr towards theta = 296.951 deg +- 0.0063 deg (NW), consistent with previous data.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Dataset SANOFI 2018
Creators: name: del Valle Mendoza, Juana Mercedes
name: Valverde, Jorge
name: Saiki, Stephanie
name: Cornejo-Tapia, Angela
name: Vásquez-Achaya, Fernando
name: Castillo, Maria Esther
name: Petrozzi-Helasvuo, Verónica
name: Silva-caso, Wilmer
name: Aguilar-Luis, Miguel Angel
name: del Aguila, Olguita
name: Bada, Carlos
name: Cieza-Mora, Erico
name: del Valle-Mendoza, Juana
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: classificationCode: 320211
subject: Infectious diseases
classificationCode: 310702
subject: Infectious agents

description: High prevalence of respiratory virus and atypical bacterium among children with a probable diagnosis of pertussis

Jorge Valverde1†,
Stephanie Saiki2†, Angela
Cornejo-Tapia1*, Fernando
Vásquez-Achaya1, Maria Esther Castillo3, Verónica
Petrozzi-Helasvuo1, Wilmer Silva-caso1, Miguel Angel
Aguilar-Luis1,2,4, Olguita del Aguila5, Carlos Bada6,
Erico Cieza-Mora7, Juana del Valle-Mendoza1,2*
Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) represent an
important cause of morbidity and mortality in children, remaining a major
public health concern, especially affecting children under 5 years old from
low-income countries. Unfortunately, information regarding their epidemiology
is still limited in Peru

Methods: A
secondary data analysis was performed from a previous cross-sectional study conducted
in children with a probable diagnosis of Pertussis from January 2010 to July
2012. All samples were analyzed via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the
following etiologies: Influenza-A, Influenza-B, RSV-A, RSV-B, Adenovirus,
Parainfluenza 1 virus, Parainfluenza 2 virus, Parainfluenza 3 virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae.

Results: A total
of 288 patients were included. The most common pathogen isolated was Adenovirus
(49%), followed by Bordetella pertussis
(41%) from our previous investigation, the most prevelant microorganisms were Mycoplasma pneumonia (26%) and
Influenza-B (19.8%). Coinfections were reported in 53.5% of samples and the
most common association was found between M.
pneumoniae and Adenovirus (9%). Conclusions:
There was a high prevalence of Adenovirus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and other etiologies
in patients with a probable diagnosis of pertussis. Despite the presence of persistent cough
lasting at least two weeks and other clinical
characteristics highly suspicious of pertussis, secondary etiologies
should be considered in children under 5 years-old in order to give a proper treatment.
Mapping the interaction of VWF and factor XIIa and its potential as a new anticoagulant target
Creators: name: Henne, Patricia
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2019

description: Von Willebrand Factor and Factor XII have well established roles in haemostasis and coagulation. While VWF is a mediator of platelet capture to sites of vascular injury under high shear stress, FXII initiates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation. Interestingly, multiple studies have shown that absence or inhibition of FXII does not impair haemostatic function but has a thrombo-protective effect, rendering it a potentially safe anticoagulant target. In this study, I investigated a novel binding interaction between VWF and FXII. Using substrate based activation assays, I showed that VWF is a potent and previously unrecognised activator of FXII. Additionally, I demonstrated that both inactive FXII and activated FXII bind to VWF but not to VWF lacking the A1 domain suggesting that the FXII binding site lies within the A1 domain. By carrying out further binding studies using static binding assays and surface plasmon resonance with isolated and full-length VWF A1 domain mutants, I identified amino acids E1452 and D1459 on the α-6 helix of the A1 domain as the FXII binding site in VWF. The physiological relevance of the VWF/FXII interaction was examined using plate-based thrombolysis as well as perfusion assays investigating the formation of platelet rich blood clots under conditions of flow. Using adapted thrombolysis assays, I showed that clot lysis times were significantly reduced when either VWF, FXIIa or activity of both proteins was blocked. Furthermore, I demonstrated that the interaction between VWF and FXIIa facilitates VWF mediated platelet capture under conditions of high shear and that interference with FXII/VWF binding has a prohibitive effect on overall thrombus formation. Based on these results, I hypothesise binding of VWF to FXII is an important component of thrombus formation and inhibition of this interaction might be a novel and safe way to prevent thrombosis without increasing the risk of bleeding side effects.
War precautions or persecution? : the treatment of enemy aliens and others in Tasmania during the Great War
Creators: name: Direen, Rex
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: This paper presents an investigation of the Record of Aliens files of the Intelligence Section, General Staff, 6th Military District (Tasmania) for 1914 - 1919 held by the Australian Archives in Hobart. By positioning the Record of Aliens files within the context of the social and economic forces shaping Tasmanian attitudes during the war I have attempted to enhance our understanding of the information contained within the files and provide as balanced an assessment of their historical significance as possible. The Record of Aliens files were released for public access during 1992 and consist of 759 standardised numbered forms (see appendix 2) of one, or occasionally two sheets, in alphabetical order. The files are a summary, probably completed in late 1919, of information collected from August 1914 until late 1919. The original files appear to have been destroyed. For purposes of the present analysis two copies of the Records were made and one set arranged to provide a chronological record of the activities of the Military Intelligence Section throughout the war and the immediate post-war period, while the other set has been classified into various categories as presented in the first section of chapter four. The main difficulties with the chrono-logical analysis are that 124 files are undated (16.2%) and a number of different dates relating to different events or reports are shown on the one file. In the latter case the date of the earliest significant event recorded was used as the basis of classification. A similar problem arose with the categorical analysis since many individual files recorded different types of events. The most significant event was used for primary allocation and the file was then cross-referenced for the other information. The central question informing this paper is whether the recorded acts of surveillance, questioning, registration and detention of enemy aliens and others within Tasmania during the First World War were reasonable war precautions or harsh acts of reprisal against \the enemy within\"? In seeking an answer I have set out my investigation as follows. Chapter one presents the Commonwealth Government's role in maintaining the external and internal security of Australia during the war. Chapter two explores the nature of Tasmanian society during the decade from 1910- 1920. Chapter three provides a detailed chronological survey of the Record of Aliens files and chapter four presents an analysis of the files and a conclusion."
Additional file 1 of Why do students struggle in their first year of medical school? A qualitative study of student voices
Creators: name: Picton, Aled
name: Greenfield, Sheila
name: Parry, Jayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1.
Invariant manifolds of homoclinic orbits: super-homoclinics and multi-pulse homoclinic loops
Creators: name: Bakrani Balani, Sajjad
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: Consider a Hamiltonian flow on R4 with a hyperbolic equilibrium O and a transverse homoclinic orbit Γ. In this thesis, we study the dynamics near Γ in its energy level when it leaves and enters O along strong unstable and strong stable directions, respectively. In particular, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the local stable and unstable invariant manifolds of Γ. We then consider the case in which both of these manifolds exist. We globalize them and assume they intersect transversely. We prove that near any orbit of this intersection, called super-homoclinic, there exist infinitely many multi-pulse homoclinic loops.
Effects of initial compression stress on wave propagation in carbon nanotubes
Creators: name: Selim, M. M.
name: Abe, S.
name: Harigaya, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An analytical method to investigate wave propagation in single- and double- walled carbon nanotubes under initial compression stress is presented. The nanotube structures are treated within the multilayer thin shell approximation with the elastic properties taken to be those of the graphene sheet. The governing equations are derived based on Flugge equations of motion. Frequency equations of wave propagation in single and double wall carbon nanotubes are described through the effects of initial compression stress and van der Waals force. To show the effects of Initial compression stress on the wave propagation in nanotubes, the symmetrical mode can be analyzed based on the present elastic continuum model. It is shown that the wave speed are sensitive to the compression stress especially for the lower frequencies.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures
Levy Flights of Binary Orbits due to Impulsive Encounters
Creators: name: Collins, Benjamin F.
name: Sari, Re'em
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the evolution of an almost circular Keplerian orbit interacting with unbound perturbers. We calculate the change in eccentricity and angular momentum that results from a single encounter, assuming the timescale for the interaction is shorter than the orbital period. The orbital perturbations are incorporated into a Boltzmann equation that allows for eccentricity dissipation. We present an analytic solution to the Boltzmann equation that describes the distribution of orbital eccentricity and relative inclination as a function of time. The eccentricity and inclination of the binary do not evolve according to a normal random walk but perform a Levy flight. The slope of the mass spectrum of perturbers dictates whether close gravitational scatterings are more important than distant tidal ones. When close scatterings are important, the mass spectrum sets the slope of the eccentricity and inclination distribution functions. We use this general framework to understand the eccentricities of several Kuiper belt systems: Pluto, 2003 EL 61, and Eris. We use the model of Tholen et al (2007) to separate the non-Keplerian components of the orbits of Pluto's outer moons Nix and Hydra from the motion excited by interactions with other Kuiper belt objects. Our distribution is consistent with the observations of Nix, Hydra, and the satellites of 2003 EL 61 and Eris. We address applications of this work to objects outside of the solar system, such as extrasolar planets around their stars and millisecond pulsars.
description: 14 pages, 2 figures
Teacher evaluation in British Columbia as perceived by teachers, a survey study
Creators: name: McMillan, William Douglas
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This study reports a survey of teacher perceptions of the teacher evaluation process. Three hundred fifty-three practicing British Columbia teachers responded to a fifty-six item questionnaire designed to investigate their experiences with teacher evaluation and to estimate their satisfaction and confidence with respect to the instruments, the procedure and the evaluators. Information was obtained about the reports, their style, distribution, frequency, and availability to teachers; the evaluation techniques used, including visitation for observation and forms of communication with the teachers; and reactions of teachers to the reports, the evaluators, and the process in general. The design of the questionnaire highlights the position of the principal as an evaluator as compared to that of other evaluators. Open-ended questions were included to clarify response in some areas. Opinions were sought in some more general areas to test the existence of perceived need for change, to obtain teachers’ suggestions as to the direction such change might take, and to sample teachers' perceptions as to the efficacy of teacher evaluation practices for the improvement of instruction. Major conclusions were that present practice is essentially inspectorial in nature and only partially oriented to the improvement of instruction; that teachers generally accept present practice though substantial minorities express lack of satisfaction and confidence with respect to many aspects of it; and that teachers are divided as to whether the principal's roles as evaluator and educational leader conflict.
Orbital character variation of the Fermi surface and doping dependent changes of the dimensionality in BaFe2-xCoxAs2 from angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Thirupathaiah, S.
name: de Jong, S.
name: Ovsyannikov, R.
name: Duerr, H. A.
name: Varykhalov, A.
name: Follath, R.
name: Huang, Y.
name: Huisman, R.
name: Golden, M. S.
name: Zhang, Yu-Zhong
name: Jeschke, H. O.
name: Valenti, R.
name: Erb, A.
name: Gloskovskii, A.
name: Fink, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: From a combination of high resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional calculations, we show that BaFe2As2 possesses essentially two-dimensional electronic states, with a strong change of orbital character of two of the Gamma-centered Fermi surfaces as a function of kz. Upon Co doping, the electronic states in the vicinity of the Fermi level take on increasingly three-dimensional character. Both the orbital variation with kz and the more three-dimensional nature of the doped compounds have important consequences for the nesting conditions and thus possibly also for the appearance of antiferromagnetic and superconducting phases.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
On the unsteady aerodynamics of stationary elliptic cylinders during organised wake condition
Creators: name: Dikshit, Ajai Kumar
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: The aerodynamics of a set of two-dimensional, stationary elliptic cylinders with eccentricity of 0.44, 0.92 and 0.98 is studied experimentally during the organised wake condition (R=2x10⁴-10⁵). The results indicate the effect of eccentricity and angle of attack on mean and unsteady pressure coefficients, Strouhal number and wake geometry, the three important parameters in the aeroelastic instability study. In conjunction with the available literature, the information presented here attempts at providing better understanding of the bluff body aerodynamics in the region between the two extreme cases of circular cylinder (e=0) and flat plate (e=∞) . The cylinder eccentricity and attitude has considerable effect on vortex shedding frequency, with variation of the Strouhal number in the range 0.037-0.274. Although basing Strouhal number on projected dimension or wake width reduces its dependence on angle of attack, the use of transverse distance between the separation points provides, in addition, a smoother transition even at higher eccentricities and smaller angles of attack. The measurement of fluctuating pressure in the narrow band around the Strouhal frequency showed substantial dependence on the Reynolds number at zero angle of attack, particularly for the ellipses of high eccentricity Considerable phase difference may exist between the pressure signals, however, it has negligible effect on the unsteady lift. The thesis also presents analytical results on the location of shear layer separation as obtained using Görtler's series in conjunction with mean pressure profile. The analytical data compared favourably with the results of flow visualisation through Schlieren technique. The high speed movie of the near wake region gave preliminary information about the location of the first vortex and the oscillations of the separating shear layers. The rise and decay of the unsteady pressure in the vortex formation region appeared to substantiate the visual observations. In general, the wake geometry ratio varied around the Kármán stability value of 0.281. The correlation of spanwise results clearly emphasized the three dimensional character of the unsteady aerodynamics. In general, the spanwise variation of fluctuating pressure is enhanced with increase in angle of attack. The phase data suggest inclination of the vortex line at the model to be ≲11°. Increase in angle of attack results in improved alignment of the vortex line with the cylinder axis.
Additional file 2 of Why do students struggle in their first year of medical school? A qualitative study of student voices
Creators: name: Picton, Aled
name: Greenfield, Sheila
name: Parry, Jayne
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 2.
title: Biological Opinion on (1) United States (U.S.) Navy Mariana Islands Training and Testing Activities; and (2) the National Marine Fisheries Service’s promulgation of regulations and issuance of a letter of authorization pursuant to the Marine Mammal Protection Act for the U.S. Navy to “take” marine mammals incidental to Mariana Islands Training and Testing activities from August 2020 through August 2027
titleType: Other
Creators: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Office of Protected Resources
Publisher: name: United States. National Marine Fisheries Service. Office of Protected Resources
Year: 2020

description: ESA Section 7 Consultation ; OPR-2019-00469
Holographic dark energy models: A comparison from the latest observational data
Creators: name: Li, Miao
name: Li, Xiao-Dong
name: Wang, Shuang
name: Zhang, Xin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The holographic principle of quantum gravity theory has been applied to the dark energy (DE) problem, and so far three holographic DE models have been proposed: the original holographic dark energy (HDE) model, the agegraphic dark energy (ADE) model, and the holographic Ricci dark energy (RDE) model. In this work, we perform the best-fit analysis on these three models, by using the latest observational data including the Union+CFA3 sample of 397 Type Ia supernovae (SNIa), the shift parameter of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) given by the five-year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP5) observations, and the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurement from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The analysis shows that for HDE, $χ_{min}^{2}=465.912$; for RDE, $χ_{min}^{2}=483.130$; for ADE, $χ_{min}^{2}=481.694$. Among these models, HDE model can give the smallest $χ^2_{min}$. Besides, we also use the Bayesian evidence (BE) as a model selection criterion to make a comparison. It is found that for HDE, ADE, and RDE, $Δ\ln \mathrm{BE}= -0.86$, -5.17, and -8.14, respectively. So, it seems that the HDE model is more favored by the observational data.
description: 14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, New References Added, Accepted for Publication in JCAP
Addressing class imbalance for logistic regression
Creators: name: Li, Yazhe
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2020

description: The challenge of class imbalance arises in classification problem when the minority class is observed much less than the majority class. This characteristic is endemic in many domains. Work by [Owen, 2007] has shown that, in a theoretical context related to infinite imbalance, logistic regression behaves such that all data in the rare class can be replaced by their mean vector to achieve the same coefficient estimates. Such results suggest that cluster structure among the minority class may be a specific problem in highly imbalanced logistic regression. In this thesis, we focus on highly imbalanced logistic regression and develop mitigation methods and diagnostic tools. Theoretically, we extend the [Owen, 2007] results to show the phenomenon remains true for both weighted and penalized likelihood methods in the infinitely imbalanced regime, which suggests these alternative choices to logistic regression are not enough for highly imbalanced logistic regression. For mitigation methods, we propose a novel relabeling solution based on relabeling the minority class to handle imbalance problem when using logistic regression, which essentially assigns new labels to the minority class observations. Two algorithms (the Genetic algorithm and the Expectation Maximization algorithm) are formalized to serve as tools for computing this relabeling. In simulation and real data experiments, we show that logistic regression is not able to provide the best out-of-sample predictive performance, and our relabeling approach that can capture underlying structure in the minority class is often superior. For diagnostic tools to detect highly imbalanced logistic regression, different hypothesis testing methods, along with a graphical tool are proposed, based on the mathematical insights about highly imbalanced logistic regression. Simulation studies provide evidence that combining our diagnostic tools with mitigation methods as a systematic strategy has the potential to alleviate the class imbalance problem among logistic regression.
Eucalypts : picking the winners : a breeding objective for plantation eucalypts and early-age selection towards this objective
Creators: name: Greaves, BL
Publisher: name: University Of Tasmania
Year: 2023

description: The optimum age for early selection of eucalypts in breeding to minimise the total cost of producing kraft pulp was investigated. The effect of future changes in density and pulp yield on the cost of converting roundwood to unbleached kraft pulp was modelled by defining cost functions for each stage of the kraft pulping process. The pulping cost function was combined with cost functions for growing, harvesting, and transporting plantation-grown eucalypt wood to derive a production function for the total cost of kraft pulp production in relation to the biological traits of growth rate, stem form, basic density and pulp yield. The economic value of trait improvement was combined with assumed genetic parameters to determine expected gain towards the objective for a given breeding effort in each trait. Density and growth were shown to be the most important traits for breeding, followed by pulp yield and stem form, with relative values of 3.6, 3.2, 1.9 and 1 respectively. Breeding to improve only density and growth was demonstrated to achieve 95% of the gain possible from breeding for all four traits. Pith-to-bark density profiles were determined for 588, 7-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus nitens trees. Results were aggregated to derive age-age correlations for density which were shown to be high. Age-age correlations for growth were determined across a greater sample using height measured at 20 months and diameter at 1.3 m measured at four years and seven years. Based upon dual trait selection for density and growth, the optimum economic age for early selection, the selection age where the present value of all future gains is maximised, was determined to be three years. The optimum biological selection age, the selection age where average annual gain is maximised, was determined to be four years. Assessing wood properties is expensive and time consuming, reducing considerably the use of these traits in selection programs. The thesis demonstrated the application of the Pilodyn in the indirect selection of density in E. nitens, with very high genetic correlation (rg=-0.92) between Pilodyn penetration and density. The application Near Infrared Reflectance Analysis (NIRA) in the indirect selection of pulp yield was explored, however problems with calibration left results inconclusive. This thesis clearly points to an increasing emphasis on wood properties, in particular wood density, in selection decisions and to a reduction in selection age to as early as three years of age. Such practices are expected to impact significantly on the overall costs of producing eucalypt kraft pulp in Australia.
Shell-model calculations in 132Sn and 208Pb regions with low-momentum interactions
Creators: name: Gargano, A.
name: Coraggio, L.
name: Covello, A.
name: Itaco, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss shell-model calculations based on the use of low-momentum interactions derived from the free-space nucleon-nucleon potential. A main feature of this approach is the construction of a smooth potential, V-low-k, defined within a given momentum cutoff. As a practical application of the theoretical framework, we present some selected results of our current study of nuclei around doubly magic 132Sn and 208Pb which have been obtained starting from the CD-Bonn potential. Focusing attention on the similarity between the spectroscopy of these two regions, we show that it emerges quite naturally from our effective interactions without use of any adjustable parameter.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures