Oedothorax apicatus
Creators: name: Lin, Shou-Wang
name: Lopardo, Lara
name: Uhl, Gabriele
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Araneae
Linyphiidae
Oedothorax
Oedothorax apicatus

description: OEDOTHORAX APICATUS (BLACKWALL, 1850)
(FIGS 7R, 8D, 9D, 12; SUPPORTING INFORMATION, FIG. S1D)
Neriene apicata Blackwall, 1850: 339 (Dm).
Erigone gibbicollis Westring, 1851: 41 (Dm).
Micryphantes tuberculatus Grube, 1859: 469 (Dm).
Erigone gibbicollis Westring, 1861: 223 (Df).
Neriene apicata Blackwall, 1864: 269, pl. 18, f, 183 (m, Df).
Micryphantes gibbus Ohlert, 1867: 65 (Dm).
Phalops gibbicollis Menge, 1871: 220, pl. 43, fig. 119 (mf).
Erigone gibbicollis Thorell, 1871: 112.
Erigone apicata Dahl, 1883: 46.
Gongylidium apicatum Simon, 1884: 487, figs 267–269 (mf).
Neriene apicata Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1894: 93, pl. 4, fig. 1 (mf).
Neriene apicata Simon, 1894: 666, fig. 719 (m).
Kulczynskiellum apicatum F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1895: 39.
Gongylidium apicatum Becker, 1896: 86, pl. 11, fig. 2 (mf).
Kulczynskiellum apicatum Bösenberg, 1902: 169, pl. 15, fig. 227 (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus de Lessert, 1910: 191.
Stylothorax apicata Dahl, 1912: 603.
Oedothorax apicatus Denis, 1947: 145, figs 2A, 3–5, 6F, 7C, 8C, 9C, 10D, 11C (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Locket & Millidge, 1953: 241, figs 145F, 146F, 147G, H (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Wiehle, 1960a: 437, figs 798–806 (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Wiehle, 1960b: 477, fig. 22a, b (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Tystshenko, 1971: 251, fig. 830 (f).
Oedothorax apicatus Miller, 1971: 262, pl. LIV, figs 7–9 (f).
Oedothorax apicatus Palmgren, 1976: figs 88, 7.23, 8.3, 8.7, 8.8 (m).
Oedothorax apicatus Millidge, 1977: 11, fig. 24 (m).
Oedothorax apicatus Růžička, 1978: 195, figs 8A, 9A (f).
Oedothorax apicatus Hu & Wang, 1982: 63, fig. I.1–4 (m).
Oedothorax apicatus Hu, 1984: 196, fig. 206.1–4 (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Bosmans, 1985: 65, figs 14, 19, 37 (m).
Oedothorax apicatus Song, 1987: 153, fig. 114 (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Tanasevitch, 1987: 355
Oedothorax apicatus Roberts, 1987: 58, figs 22F, 23D (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Hu & Wu, 1989: 174, fig. 144.1–6 (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Tanasevitch, 1990: 102, figs 24.61, 28.4 (f).
Oedothorax apicatus Chen & Gao, 1990: 111, fig. 139a, b (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Heimer & Nentwig, 1991: 224, fig. 602 (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Alderweireldt, 1992: 5, fig. 1B (f).
Oedothorax apicatus Zhao, 1993: 191, fig. 86a–d (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Wunderlich, 1995: 473, fig. 7 (m).
Oedothorax apicatus Song, Zhu & Chen, 1999: 199, fig. 113D, E, H (mf).
Oedothorax apicatus Hu, 2001: 550, fig. 370.1–3 (f).
Oedothorax apicatus Russell-Smith, 2016: 23, fig. 3 (f).
Type material: Not examined. Blackwall (1850) collected one adult male on a rail in Oakland, England, in February 1850, but provided no deposition data. The original and subsequent descriptions, nevertheless, make the identification of this species unequivocal.
Examined material: Scotland: Perth, River Tay, drift litter, c. 400 m, 1♂ 5♀ 2.ix.1965 (AMNH No. 3085). England: Essex, Crabknowe Spit, tide litter, 1♀ 18.iv.1961 (AMNH No. 3059). Sweden: Gotland, Ljugarn, 1♂ 1♀, det. Schenkel (AMNH). Germany: Greifswald, 2♂ 2014 (ZIMG); Hessen, Bad Hersfeld, Obersberg, soil avalanche, pitfall trap, 5♂ 18.ix–18. Xi.1980, leg. V. Puthz, det. S.-W. Lin, 17.xi.2015 (SMF). China: Xinjiang, 1♂ 3♀ 4.vii.1991 (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, IZCSA-Ar 20637).
Diagnosis:
Males: This species resembles Oe. retusus and Oe. gibbifer in the post-ocular hump and lateral sulci and pits, but it can be distinguished from the latter two by the knob-like shape of the post-ocular hump and its longer palpal tibia prolateral apophysis.
Females: Can be distinguished from other species by the epigynal configuration and the number of sub- AME setae (one; two in Oe. fuscus, Oe. agrestis, Oe. meridionalis and Oe. tingitanus). Distinguished from Oe. agrestis by the larger spermathecae; from Oe. gibbifer, Oe. retusus and Oe. gibbosus by the more curved and the less convergent ventral plate borders; from Oe. trilobatus and Oe. meridionalis by the much more anteriorly located copulatory openings; from Oe. tingitanus by the lateral copulatory openings (Fig. 12F, in comparison to mesal in the latter species, Fig. 11F); from Oe. paludigena by the anteriorly less convergent ventral plate borders (anteriorly more convergent in Oe. paludigena, Fig. 13F).
Description:
Male (ZIMG): Total length: 2.11. Prosoma: 0.91 long, 0.73 wide, postocular region elevated, with knob-like hump and lateral sulci and pits (Fig. 7R). Eyes: AME- AME: 0.03, AME width: 0.05, AME-ALE: 0.04, ALE width: 0.07, ALE-PLE: 0.01, PLE width: 0.07, PLE-PME: 0.04, PME width: 0.05, PME-PME: 0.10. Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub-AME seta. Sternum: 0.55 long, 0.55 wide. Chelicerae: mastidia absent; stridulatory striae scale-like, rows widely and evenly spaced (Fig. 8D). Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.41, 0.42, 0.80 and 0.89 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.67. Pedipalp: TPA rod-like, distal part scaly; BT long, pointed retrolaterally; PC distal setae adjacent to basal setae (Fig. 12A); T with scale-like papillae, PT with long papillae; TS short, with papillae (Fig. 12D); DSA tip broad, margin smooth (Fig. 12A); EM short, cylindrical, proximally oriented; TP without small protuberances; E broad at basal part (Fig. 12B). Opisthosoma: brown, evenly coloured (Fig. 9D).
Female (ZIMG): Total length: 2.95. Prosoma: 1.23 long, 1.03 wide. Eyes:AME-AME:0.22,AME width: 0.76, AME- ALE: 0.36, ALE width: 0.10, ALE-PLE: 0.01, PLE width: 0.09, PLE-PME: 0.06, PME width: 0.08, PME-PME: 0.09. Clypeus: not hirsute, one sub-AME seta. Sternum: 0.78 long; 0.74 wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 1.29, 1.30, 1.49 and 1.67 times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.67. Chelicerae: stridulatory striae scaly, widely and evenly spaced. Epigyne: Clade 13 characteristic morphology, borders between dorsal and ventral plates parallel, copulatory duct short (Fig. 12F–H). Opisthosoma: brown, evenly coloured.
Variation: The measurements are based on examined material.
Males (N = 10, means in parentheses): Total length 1.30–2.32 (2.07). Prosoma: 0.87–1.04 (0.93) long, 0.71– 0.86 (0.76) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 0.34–0.74 (0.51), 0.39–0.59 (0.52, N = 8), 0.61–0.91 (0.74) and 0.78–1.15 (0.91, N = 8) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.61–0.67 (0.63).
Females (N = 10, means in parentheses): Total length 2.51–3.37 (2.96). Prosoma: 0.98–1.35 (1.19) long, 0.84– 1.03 (0.95) wide. Legs: dorsal proximal macroseta on tibia I, II, III and IV 1.11–1.38 (1.27), 1.09–1.68 (1.32), 0.73–1.82 (1.39) and 1.27–1.79 (1.52) times diameter of tibia, respectively; Tm I: 0.61–0.70 (0.66).
Distribution: Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia to Central Asia, China.
Habitat: In moss, grass and sparse vegetation.
description: Published as part of Lin, Shou-Wang, Lopardo, Lara & Uhl, Gabriele, 2022, Evolution of nuptial-gift-related male prosomal structures: taxonomic revision and cladistic analysis of the genus Oedothorax (Araneae: Linyphiidae: Erigoninae), pp. 417-584 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195 on pages 435-440, DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab033, http://zenodo.org/record/6967774