cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of therapeutic footwear for children: A systematic review
Creators: name: Hill, Matthew
name: Healy, Aoife
name: Nachiappan Chockalingam
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Example of Medline (EBSCO) search strategy
Intermittent hypoxia and the chemoreflex control of breathing
Creators: name: Koehle, Michael Stephen
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: Rationale: Intermittent Hypoxia (IH) consists of bouts of hypoxic exposure interspersed with normoxic intervals. In animals, there is some evidence that multiple brief short duration exposures to intermittent hypoxia (SDIH) provoke more profound changes in chemosensitivity than longer duration bouts of intermittent hypoxia (LDIH). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that SDIH would have differential effects from LDIH on chemosensitivity during rest and exercise in humans. Methods: Ten males underwent two intermittent hypoxic protocols of 7 days duration/each. The LDIH protocol consisted of daily 60-minute exposures to normobaric 12% O₂. The SDIH protocol consisted of twelve 5-minute bouts of normobaric 12% O₂, separated by 5-minute bouts of normoxia. Measured resting variables included the hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), hypercapnic ventilatory response (HCVR), CO₂ threshold and CO₂ sensitivity. Submaximal exercise variables included minute ventilation, oxygen saturation, hyperoxic and hypercapnic ventilatory response in both hypoxia and normoxia. Peak exercise variables included power and oxygen consumption in hypoxia. Measurements were made immediately prior to intermittent hypoxic training and on the first day following IH. Resting measures were repeated 7 days following IH. Results: For both protocols, the HVR was significantly (p< 0.05) increased after IH. One week post IH, the HVR was not different from pre-IH. The HCVR was increased and remained elevated at 7 days post-IH (p<0.01). The CO₂ sensitivity was unchanged by either intervention. In hypoxia and hyperoxia, the CO₂ threshold was significantly reduced following IH (p<0.05). The submaximal minute ventilation, hyperoxic and hypercapnic responses in normoxia and hypoxia were unchanged by IH. Submaximal oxygen saturation and peak power were both increased (p<0.05), while maximal ventilation and oxygen consumption were unaltered. There were no significant differences between the two IH protocols for any of the above measures. Conclusions: A 7-day IH protocol causes increases in the HVR and HCVR at rest and a left-shift in the CO₂ threshold and an improvement in oxygen saturation during submaximal hypoxic exercise. SDIH is no more efficacious than LDIH at effecting these changes in respiratory control.
The stratigraphy of a community: 150 years of language contact and change in Babuyan Claro, Philippines
Creators: name: Gallego, Kristina
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022

description: Language is a reflection of history, and as such, changes in the social life of a community are signaled by corresponding layers of language change. The island community of Babuyan Claro, located in the far north of the Philippines, demonstrates the importance of this connection. The island is home to the Ibatans, a community which emerged from a century and a half of intense social contact between people from different, but closely related, ethnolinguistic groups: Ivatan and Itbayaten (Batanic) and Ilokano (Cordilleran). The mixed ancestry of the present-day Ibatan people, coupled with sustained social contact among the groups, resulted in the maintenance of bilingualism, which has driven the development of Ibatan as a language distinct from its sister Batanic languages. Ibatan reflects striking contact-induced linguistic features, not only in the lexicon, but also in structure, namely phonology and morphosyntax. These outcomes of language contact are driven by mechanisms that apply on both the aggregates of the individual and the community (cf. Muysken 2010). Specifically, patterns of speaker agentivity and language dominance (van Coetsem 2000) as well as various social factors, such as intensity of social contact and population structure (Thomason and Kaufman 1988), interact to drive contact-induced language change. Language change therefore is embedded within the socio-historical context of the community. Teasing apart layers of language change thus allows us to reconstruct the stratigraphy of a community. That is, particular kinds of contact-induced change are argued to be linked to specific agents of change, agents with varying language dominance, which are in turn shaped by the social ecology of the community. The accumulation of social change in the 150 years of the Babuyan Claro community involves changing patterns of agentivity, language dominance, and population structure, which continue to shape the Ibatan language. This case study on Babuyan Claro that links linguistic outcomes to the mechanisms and agents that drive them ultimately allows us to understand the nature of language contact and change more deeply. References: Muysken, Pieter. 2010. Scenarios for language contact. In The handbook of language contact, edited by Raymond Hickey, 265-281. Oxford: Blackwell. Thomason, Sarah and Terrence Kaufman. 1988. Language Contact, Creolization and Genetic Linguistics. Berkeley: University of California Press. Van Coetsem, Frans. 2000. A general and unified theory of the transmission process in language contact. Heidelberg: Winter.
Policy brief: Building local resilience to migration crisis through co-creation mechanisms
Creators: name: Psycharis, Yannis
name: Christoforou, Asimina
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Resilience
subject: Human migration

description: The policy brief aims to present findings from the CHIOS Lab, which explores how the Greek island of Chios experienced the 2015 migration crisis and what could be done to build community resilience. The lab builds on the enormous impact of the migration influx, during the Greek economic crisis, straining resources and creating tensions within the local community, including concerns about integration, long-term housing, health, employment, economic impact, and social cohesion. This policy brief also outlines recommendations that are particularly crucial within a global context of nested crises, including economic crises, climate change and conflicts, leading to the displacement of large populations.
Unbiased estimators for spatial distribution functions of classical fluids
Creators: name: Adib, Artur B.
name: Jarzynski, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use a statistical-mechanical identity closely related to the familiar virial theorem, to derive unbiased estimators for spatial distribution functions of classical fluids. In particular, we obtain estimators for both the fluid density rho(r) in the vicinity of a fixed solute, and for the pair correlation g(r) of a homogeneous classical fluid. We illustrate the utility of our estimators with numerical examples, which reveal advantages over traditional histogram-based methods of computing such distributions.
description: 15 pages, includes 3 color figures
Heavy meson thresholds in Born-Oppenheimer Effective field theory
Creators: name: Castellà, Jaume Tarrús
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider heavy meson-antimeson pairs and their coupling to quarkonium in the context of nonrelativistic EFTs incorporating the adiabatic expansion. We work out all the leading order couplings of quarkonium to heavy meson-antimeson pairs and obtain their contributions to the masses and widths of quarkonia. We match the new potentials terms to NRQCD. Using the available lattice data for the coupled system of quarkonium and the lowest laying heavy meson-antimeson pair, we extract the mixing potential and use it to compute numerically the contributions of $D\bar{D}(B\bar{B})$ and $D_s\bar{D}_s(B_s\bar{B}_s)$ to the masses and widths of the charmonium (bottomonium) states for $l=0,1,2$ and up to $n=6$ covering the states in threshold region. When a quarkonium state and a heavy meson-antimeson pair are separated by small energy gaps, their interactions can be described by a threshold EFT with contact interactions. We work out the matching between the two EFTs obtaining the couplings of the threshold EFT in terms of the mixing potential and quarkonium wave functions.
description: 28 pages, 11 figures. Typos corrected
The energy response of the Oslo Scintillator Array OSCAR
Creators: name: Zeiser, F.
name: Tveten, G. M.
name: Garrote, F. L. Bello
name: Guttormsen, M.
name: Larsen, A. C.
name: Ingeberg, V. W.
name: Görgen, A.
name: Siem, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new Oslo Scintillator Array (OSCAR) has been commissioned at the Oslo Cyclotron Laboratory (OCL). It consists of 30 large volume (diameter 3.5 x 8 inches) LaBr$_3$(Ce) detectors that are used for $γ$-ray spectroscopy. The response functions for incident $γ$-rays up to 20 MeV are simulated with $\texttt{Geant4}$. In addition, the resolution, and the total and full-energy peak efficiencies are extracted. The results are in very good agreement with measurements from calibration sources and experimentally obtained mono-energetic in-beam $γ$-ray spectra.
description: Changes to v2 (submitted version): Accepted for NIMA with minor revisions (implemented); Changes to v1: see v2 - major changes in experimental setup and simulations [stalled version]
Additional file 1 of Efficacy of a physical activity programme combining individualized aerobic exercise and coaching to improve physical fitness in neuromuscular diseases (I’M FINE): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Oorschot, Sander
name: Brehm, Merel A.
name: Groenestijn, Annerieke C. Van
name: Koopman, Fieke S.
name: Verhamme, Camiel
name: Eftimov, Filip
name: Jelsma, Judith G. M.
name: Jorstad, Harald T.
name: Nollet, Frans
name: Voorn, Eric L.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Appendix 1 - SPIRIT checklist.
aflow.org: A Web Ecosystem of Databases, Software and Tools
Creators: name: Esters, Marco
name: Oses, Corey
name: Divilov, Simon
name: Eckert, Hagen
name: Friedrich, Rico
name: Hicks, David
name: Mehl, Michael J.
name: Rose, Frisco
name: Smolyanyuk, Andriy
name: Calzolari, Arrigo
name: Campilongo, Xiomara
name: Toher, Cormac
name: Curtarolo, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To enable materials databases supporting computational and experimental research, it is critical to develop platforms that both facilitate access to the data and provide the tools used to generate/analyze it - all while considering the diversity of users' experience levels and usage needs. The recently formulated FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) establish a common framework to aid these efforts. This article describes aflow_org, a web ecosystem developed to provide FAIR - compliant access to the AFLOW databases. Graphical and programmatic retrieval methods are offered, ensuring accessibility for all experience levels and data needs. aflow_org goes beyond data-access by providing applications to important features of the AFLOW software, assisting users in their own calculations without the need to install the entire high-throughput framework. Outreach commitments to provide AFLOW tutorials and materials science education to a global and diverse audiences will also be presented.
description: 32 pages, 8 figures
Galactic Bulge Microlensing Events from the MACHO Collaboration
Creators: name: Thomas, C. L.
name: Griest, K.
name: Popowski, P.
name: Cook, K. H.
name: Drake, A. J.
name: Minniti, D.
name: Alcock, C.
name: Allsman, R. A.
name: Alves, D. R.
name: Axelrod, T. S.
name: Becker, A. C.
name: Bennett, D. P.
name: Freeman, K. C.
name: Geha, M.
name: Lehner, M. J.
name: Marshall, S. L.
name: Myer, D. G.
name: Nelson, C. A.
name: Peterson, B. A.
name: Quinn, P. J.
name: Stubbs, C. W.
name: Sutherland, W.
name: Vandehei, T.
name: Welch, D. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a catalog of 450 high signal-to-noise microlensing events observed by the MACHO collaboration between 1993 and 1999. The events are distributed throughout our fields and, as expected, they show clear concentration toward the Galactic center. No optical depth is given for this sample since no blending efficiency calculation has been performed, and we find evidence for substantial blending. In a companion paper we give optical depths for the sub-sample of events on clump giant source stars, where blending is not a significant effect. Several events with sources that may belong to the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy are identified. For these events even relatively low dispersion spectra could suffice to classify these events as either consistent with Sagittarius membership or as non-Sagittarius sources. Several unusual events, such as microlensing of periodic variable source stars, binary lens events, and an event showing extended source effects are identified. We also identify a number of contaminating background events as cataclysmic variable stars.
description: 34 pages, 9 figures + 3 example lightcurves, all 564 lightcurves will be available at http://wwwmacho.mcmaster.ca, submitted to ApJ, see companion paper by Popowski et al
Towards rotating non-circular black holes in string-inspired gravity
Creators: name: Nakashi, Keisuke
name: Kimura, Masashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study stationary slowly rotating black holes, up to quadratic order in the spin angular momentum, in dynamical Chern-Simons gravity and shift symmetric Einstein scalar Gauss-Bonnet gravity, as models of string-inspired gravities. These gravity theories modify general relativity by introducing dynamical scalar fields coupled with curvature invariants. We show that the linear time dependence of the scalar fields is allowed from the stationarity of the effective stress energy tensors. However, these time dependent scalar fields yield singular behavior of the metric functions at the black hole horizons, or they are incompatible with the stationarity of the spacetimes. Thus, these gravity theories admit only known solutions as regular stationary solutions. Our results suggest the non-existence of rotating non-circular black holes in these gravity theories.
description: 23 pages, v2: minor revisions, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
Additional file 1 of Postpartum vitamin A supplementation for HIV-positive women is not associated with mortality and morbidity of their breastfed infants: evidence from multiple national surveys in sub-Saharan Africa
Creators: name: Gebremedhin, Samson
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Machine Learning in Discrete Molecular Spaces
Creators: name: Mater, Adam
Publisher: name: The Australian National University
Year: 2022

description: The past decade has seen an explosion of machine learning in chemistry. Whether it is in property prediction, synthesis, molecular design, or any other subdivision, machine learning seems poised to become an integral, if not a dominant, component of future research efforts. This extraordinary capacity rests on the interac- tion between machine learning models and the underlying chemical data landscape commonly referred to as chemical space. Chemical space has multiple incarnations, but is generally considered the space of all possible molecules. In this sense, it is one example of a molecular set: an arbitrary collection of molecules. This thesis is devoted to precisely these objects, and particularly how they interact with machine learning models. This work is predicated on the idea that by better understanding the relationship between molecular sets and the models trained on them we can improve models, achieve greater interpretability, and further break down the walls between data-driven and human-centric chemistry. The hope is that this enables the full predictive power of machine learning to be leveraged while continuing to build our understanding of chemistry. The first three chapters of this thesis introduce and reviews the necessary machine learning theory, particularly the tools that have been specially designed for chemical problems. This is followed by an extensive literature review in which the contributions of machine learning to multiple facets of chemistry over the last two decades are explored. Chapters 4-7 explore the research conducted throughout this PhD. Here we explore how we can meaningfully describe the properties of an arbitrary set of molecules through information theory; how we can determine the most informative data points in a set of molecules; how graph signal processing can be used to understand the relationship between the chosen molecular representation, the property, and the machine learning model; and finally how this approach can be brought to bear on protein space. Each of these sub-projects briefly explores the necessary mathematical theory before leveraging it to provide approaches that resolve the posed problems. We conclude with a summary of the contributions of this work and outline fruitful avenues for further exploration.
Nonlinear Band Structure in Bose Einstein Condensates: The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation with a Kronig-Penney Potential
Creators: name: Seaman, B. T.
name: Carr, L. D.
name: Holland, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: All Bloch states of the mean field of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a one dimensional lattice of impurities are presented in closed analytic form. The band structure is investigated by analyzing the stationary states of the nonlinear Schrödinger, or Gross-Pitaevskii, equation for both repulsive and attractive condensates. The appearance of swallowtails in the bands is examined and interpreted in terms of the condensates superfluid properties. The nonlinear stability properties of the Bloch states are described and the stable regions of the bands and swallowtails are mapped out. We find that the Kronig-Penney potential has the same properties as a sinusoidal potential; Bose-Einstein condensates are trapped in sinusoidal optical lattices. The Kronig-Penney potential has the advantage of being analytically tractable, unlike the sinusoidal potential, and, therefore, serves as a good model for experimental phenomena.
description: Version 2. Fixed typos, added reference
Energy and helicity fluxes in line-tied eruptive simulations
Creators: name: Linan, Luis
name: Pariat, Étienne
name: Aulanier, Guillaume
name: Moraitis, Kostas
name: Valori, Gherardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on a decomposition of the magnetic field into potential and nonpotential components, magnetic energy and relative helicity can both also be decomposed into two quantities: potential and free energies, and volume-threading and current-carrying helicities. In this study, we perform a coupled analysis of their behaviors in a set of parametric 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of solar-like eruptions. We present the general formulations for the time-varying components of energy and helicity in resistive MHD. We calculated them numerically with a specific gauge, and compared their behaviors in the numerical simulations, which differ from one another by their imposed boundary-driving motions. Thus, we investigated the impact of different active regions surface flows on the development of the energy and helicity-related quantities. Despite general similarities in their overall behaviors, helicities and energies display different evolutions that cannot be explained in a unique framework. While the energy fluxes are similar in all simulations, the physical mechanisms that govern the evolution of the helicities are markedly distinct from one simulation to another: the evolution of volume-threading helicity can be governed by boundary fluxes or helicity transfer, depending on the simulation. The eruption takes place for the same value of the ratio of the current-carrying helicity to the total helicity in all simulations. However, our study highlights that this threshold can be reached in different ways, with different helicity-related processes dominating for different photospheric flows. This means that the details of the pre-eruptive dynamics do not influence the eruption-onset helicity-related threshold. Nevertheless, the helicity-flux dynamics may be more or less efficient in changing the time required to reach the onset of the eruption.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Frequency Permutation Subsets for Joint Radar and Communication
Creators: name: Dayarathna, Shalanika
name: Senanayake, Rajitha
name: Smith, Peter
name: Evans, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper focuses on waveform design for joint radar and communication systems and presents a new subset selection process to improve the communication error rate performance and global accuracy of radar sensing of the random stepped frequency permutation waveform. An optimal communication receiver based on integer programming is proposed to handle any subset of permutations followed by a more efficient sub-optimal receiver based on the Hungarian algorithm. Considering optimum maximum likelihood detection, the block error rate is analyzed under both additive white Gaussian noise and correlated Rician fading. We propose two methods to select a permutation subset with an improved block error rate and an efficient encoding scheme to map the information symbols to selected permutations under these subsets. From the radar perspective, the ambiguity function is analyzed with regards to the local and the global accuracy of target detection. Furthermore, a subset selection method to reduce the maximum sidelobe height is proposed by extending the properties of Costas arrays. Finally, the process of remapping the frequency tones to the symbol set used to generate permutations is introduced as a method to improve both the communication and radar performances of the selected permutation subset.
description: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
Nucleation and crystallization process of silicon using Stillinger-Weber potential
Creators: name: Beaucage, Philippe
name: Mousseau, Normand
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the homogeneous nucleation process in Stillinger-Weber silicon in the NVT ensemble. A clear first-order transition from the liquid to crystal phase is observed thermodynamically with kinetic and structural evidence of the transformation. At 0.75 T_m, the critical cluster size is about 175 atoms. The lifetime distribution of clusters as a function of the maximum size their reach follows an inverse gaussian distribution as was predicted recently from the classical theory of nucleation (CNT). However, while there is a qualitative agreement with the CNT, the free energy curve obtained from the simulations differs significantly from the theoretical predictions, suggesting that the low-density liquid phase found recently could play a role in the nucleation process.
description: 21 pages
Quantifying Multipartite Quantum Entanglement in a Semi-Device-Independent Manner
Creators: name: Lin, Lijinzhi
name: Wei, Zhaohui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose two semi-device-independent approaches that are able to quantify unknown multipartite quantum entanglement experimentally, where the only information that has to be known beforehand is quantum dimension, and the concept that plays a key role is nondegenerate Bell inequalities. Specifically, using the nondegeneracy of multipartite Bell inequalities, we obtain useful information on the purity of target quantum state. Combined with an estimate of the maximal overlap between the target state and pure product states and a continuous property of the geometric measure of entanglement we shall prove, the information on purity allows us to give a lower bound for this entanglement measure. In addition, we show that a different combination of the above results also converts to a lower bound for the relative entropy of entanglement. As a demonstration, we apply our approach on 5-partite qubit systems with the MABK inequality, and show that useful lower bounds for the geometric measure of entanglement can be obtained if the Bell value is larger than 3.60, and those for the relative entropy of entanglement can be given if the Bell value is larger than 3.80, where the Tsirelson bound is 4.
The distribution and cosmic evolution of massive black hole spins
Creators: name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Madau, Piero
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Rees, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the expected distribution of massive black hole (MBH) spins and its evolution with cosmic time in the context of hierarchical galaxy formation theories. Our model uses Monte Carlo realizations of the merger hierarchy in a LCDM cosmology, coupled to semi-analytical recipes, to follow the merger history of dark matter halos, the dynamics of the MBHs they host, and their growth via gas accretion and binary coalescences. The coalescence of comparable mass holes increases the spin of MBHs, while the capture of smaller companions in randomly-oriented orbits acts to spin holes down. We find that, given the distribution of MBH binary mass ratios in hierarchical models, binary coalescences alone do not lead to a systematic spin-up or spin-down of MBHs with time: the spin distribution retains memory of its initial conditions. By contrast, because of the Bardeen-Petterson effect, gas accretion via a thin disk tends to spin holes up even if the direction of the spin axis changes randomly in time. In our models, accretion dominates over black hole captures and efficiently spins holes up. The spin distribution is heavily skewed towards fast-rotating Kerr holes, is already in place at early epochs, and does not change much below redshift 5. If accretion is via a thin disk, about 70% of all MBHs are maximally rotating and have radiative efficiencies approaching 30% (assuming a "standard'' spin-efficiency conversion). Even in the conservative case where accretion is via a geometrically thick disk, about 80% of all MBHs have spin parameters a/m > 0.8 and accretion efficiencies > 12%. Rapidly spinning holes with high radiative efficiencies may satisfy constraints based on comparing the local MBH mass density with the mass density inferred from luminous quasars (Soltan's argument).
description: 15 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal
Efficient decoupling schemes with bounded controls based on Eulerian orthogonal arrays
Creators: name: Wocjan, Pawel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The task of decoupling, i.e., removing unwanted interactions in a system Hamiltonian and/or couplings with an environment (decoherence), plays an important role in controlling quantum systems. There are many efficient decoupling schemes based on combinatorial concepts like orthogonal arrays, difference schemes and Hadamard matrices. So far these (combinatorial) decoupling schemes have relied on the ability to effect sequences of instantaneous, arbitrarily strong control Hamiltonians (bang-bang controls). To overcome the shortcomings of bang-bang control Viola and Knill proposed a method called Eulerian decoupling that allows the use of bounded-strength controls for decoupling. However, their method was not directly designed to take advantage of the composite structure of multipartite quantum systems. In this paper we define a combinatorial structure called an Eulerian orthogonal array. It merges the desirable properties of orthogonal arrays and Eulerian cycles in Cayley graphs (that are the basis of Eulerian decoupling). We show that this structure gives rise to decoupling schemes with bounded-strength control Hamiltonians that can be applied to composite quantum systems with few body Hamiltonians and special couplings with the environment. Furthermore, we show how to construct Eulerian orthogonal arrays having good parameters in order to obtain efficient decoupling schemes.
description: 8 pages, revtex
You Actually Look Twice At it (YALTAi): using an object detection approach instead of region segmentation within the Kraken engine
Creators: name: Clérice, Thibault
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Layout Analysis (the identification of zones and their classification) is the first step along line segmentation in Optical Character Recognition and similar tasks. The ability of identifying main body of text from marginal text or running titles makes the difference between extracting the work full text of a digitized book and noisy outputs. We show that most segmenters focus on pixel classification and that polygonization of this output has not been used as a target for the latest competition on historical document (ICDAR 2017 and onwards), despite being the focus in the early 2010s. We propose to shift, for efficiency, the task from a pixel classification-based polygonization to an object detection using isothetic rectangles. We compare the output of Kraken and YOLOv5 in terms of segmentation and show that the later severely outperforms the first on small datasets (1110 samples and below). We release two datasets for training and evaluation on historical documents as well as a new package, YALTAi, which injects YOLOv5 in the segmentation pipeline of Kraken 4.1.
description: Journal of Data Mining and Digital Humanities, 2023, Historical Documents and automatic text recognition
A possible case of sporadic aurora observed at Rio de Janeiro
Creators: name: Oliveira, Denny M.
name: Hayakawa, Hisashi
name: Bhaskar, Ankush
name: Zesta, Eftyhia
name: Vichare, Geeta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: History and Philosophy of Physics (physics.hist-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Being footprints of major magnetic storms and hence major solar eruptions, mid- to low-latitude aurorae have been one of the pathways to understand solar-terrestrial environments. However, it has been reported that aurorae are also occasionally observed at low latitudes under low or even quiet magnetic conditions. Such phenomena are known as "sporadic aurorae". We report on a historical event observed by a scientist of the Brazilian Empire in Rio de Janeiro on 15 February 1875. We analyze this event on the basis of its spectroscopic observations, along with its visual structure and coloration, to suggest this event was a possible case of sporadic aurorae. Given the absence of worldwide aurora observations on that day as a consequence of low magnetic activity recorded on the days preceding the observation, in addition to a detailed description, the event observed can most likely be classified as a sporadic aurora. We discuss the geographic and magnetic conditions of that event. Thus, we add a possible case of sporadic aurora in the South American sector.
description: 17 pages, 3 figures
Number statistics of molecules formed from ultra-cold atoms
Creators: name: Meiser, D.
name: Meystre, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the number statistics of a single-mode molecular field excited by photoassociation or via a Feshbach resonance from an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), a normal atomic Fermi gas and a Fermi system with pair correlations (BCS state). We find that the molecule formation from a BEC is a collective process that leads for short times to a coherent molecular state in the quantum optical sense. Atoms in a normal Fermi gas, on the other hand, are converted into molecules independently of each other and result for short times in a molecular state analogous to that of a classical chaotic light source. The BCS situation is intermediate between the two and goes from producing an incoherent to a coherent molecular field with increasing gap parameter.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Remarks on H-infinity Controller Design for SISO Plants with Time Delays
Creators: name: Gumussoy, Suat
name: Ozbay, Hitay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The skew Toeplitz approach is one of the well developed methods to design H-infinity controllers for infinite dimensional systems. In order to be able to use this method the plant needs to be factorized in some special manner. This paper investigates the largest class of SISO time delay systems for which the special factorizations required by the skew Toeplitz approach can be done. Reliable implementation of the optimal controller is also discussed. It is shown that the finite impulse response (FIR) block structure appears in these controllers not only for plants with I/O delays, but also for general time-delay plants.
Resolving degeneracies in Google search via quantum stochastic walks
Creators: name: Benjamin, Colin
name: Dudhe, Naini
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The Internet is one of the most valuable technologies invented to date. Among them, Google is the most widely used search engine. The PageRank algorithm is the backbone of Google search, ranking web pages according to relevance and recency. We employ quantum stochastic walks (QSWs) to improve the classical PageRank (CPR) algorithm based on classical continuous time random walks. We implement QSW via two schemes: only incoherence and dephasing with incoherence. PageRank using QSW with only incoherence or QSW with dephasing and incoherence best resolves degeneracies that are unresolvable via CPR and with a convergence time comparable to that for CPR, which is generally the minimum. For some networks, the two QSW schemes obtain a convergence time lower than CPR and an almost degeneracy-free ranking compared to CPR.
description: 23 pages, 23 figures
Born-Infeld Black Holes in (A)dS Spaces
Creators: name: Cai, Rong-Gen
name: Pang, Da-Wei
name: Wang, Anzhong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study some exact solutions in a $D(\ge4)$-dimensional Einstein-Born-Infeld theory with a cosmological constant. These solutions are asymptotically de Sitter or anti-de Sitter, depending on the sign of the cosmological constant. Black hole horizon and cosmological horizon in these spacetimes can be a positive, zero or negative constant curvature hypersurface. We discuss the thermodynamics associated with black hole horizon and cosmological horizon. In particular we find that for the Born-Infeld black holes with Ricci flat or hyperbolic horizon in AdS space, they are always thermodynamically stable, and that for the case with a positive constant curvature, there is a critical value for the Born-Infeld parameter, above which the black hole is also always thermodynamically stable, and below which a unstable black hole phase appears. In addition, we show that although the Born-Infeld electrodynamics is non-linear, both black hole horizon entropy and cosmological horizon entropy can be expressed in terms of the Cardy-Verlinde formula. We also find a factorized solution in the Einstein-Born-Infeld theory, which is a direct product of two constant curvature spaces: one is a two-dimensional de Sitter or anti-de Sitter space, the other is a ($D-2$)-dimensional positive, zero or negative constant curvature space.
description: Latex, 18 pages with 4 eps figures, v2: Revtex, 11 pages with 4 eps figures, to appear in PRD
Optimization with Trained Machine Learning Models Embedded
Creators: name: Schweidtmann, Artur M.
name: Bongartz, Dominik
name: Mitsos, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 90C26, 90C30, 90C90, 68T01, 60-04

description: Trained ML models are commonly embedded in optimization problems. In many cases, this leads to large-scale NLPs that are difficult to solve to global optimality. While ML models frequently lead to large problems, they also exhibit homogeneous structures and repeating patterns (e.g., layers in ANNs). Thus, specialized solution strategies can be used for large problem classes. Recently, there have been some promising works proposing specialized reformulations using mixed-integer programming or reduced space formulations. However, further work is needed to develop more efficient solution approaches and keep up with the rapid development of new ML model architectures.
An in-depth investigation of 11 pulsars discovered by FAST
Creators: name: Cameron, A. D.
name: Li, D.
name: Hobbs, G.
name: Zhang, L.
name: Miao, C. C.
name: Wang, J. B.
name: Yuan, M.
name: Wang, S.
name: Corban, G. Jacobs
name: Cruces, M.
name: Dai, S.
name: Feng, Y.
name: Han, J.
name: Kaczmarek, J. F.
name: Nui, J. R.
name: Pan, Z. C.
name: Qian, L.
name: Tao, Z. Z.
name: Wang, P.
name: Wang, S. Q.
name: Xu, H.
name: Xu, R. X.
name: Yue, Y. L.
name: Zhang, S. B.
name: Zhi, Q. J.
name: Zhu, W. W.
name: Champion, D. J.
name: Kramer, M. K.
name: Zhou, S. Q.
name: Qiu, K. P.
name: Zhu, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present timing solutions and analyses of 11 pulsars discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST). These pulsars were discovered using an ultra-wide bandwidth receiver in drift-scan observations made during the commissioning phase of FAST, and were then confirmed and timed using the 64-m Parkes Radio Telescope. Each pulsar has been observed over a span of at least one year. Highlighted discoveries include PSR J0344-0901, which displays mode-changing behaviour and may belong to the class of so-called `swooshing' pulsars (alongside PSRs B0919+06 and B1859+07); PSR J0803-0942, whose emission is almost completely linearly polarised; and PSRs J1900-0134 and J1945+1211, whose well defined polarisation angle curves place stringent constraints on their emission geometry. We further discuss the detectability of these pulsars by earlier surveys, and highlight lessons learned from our work in carrying out confirmation and monitoring observations of pulsars discovered by a highly sensitive telescope, many of which may be applicable to next-generation pulsar surveys. This paper marks one of the first major releases of FAST-discovered pulsars, and paves the way for future discoveries anticipated from the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS).
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, 5 tables. Accepted for publication by MNRAS. Correcting error in the caption of Figure 8
Additional file 5 of Social and ecological outcomes of conservation interventions in tropical coastal marine ecosystems: a systematic map protocol
Creators: name: Brooks, Willa R.
name: Rudd, Morgan E.
name: Cheng, Samantha H.
name: Silliman, Brian R.
name: Gill, David A.
name: Ahmadia, Gabby N.
name: Andradi-Brown, Dominic A.
name: Glew, Louise
name: Campbell, Lisa M.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 5. Article test library.
Berry curvature effects on quasiparticle dynamics in superconductors
Creators: name: Wang, Zhi
name: Dong, Liang
name: Xiao, Cong
name: Niu, Qian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We construct a theory for the semiclassical dynamics of superconducting quasiparticles by following their wave-packet motion and reveal rich contents of Berry curvature effects in the phase-space spanned by position and momentum. These Berry curvatures are traced back to the characteristics of superconductivity, including the nontrivial momentum-space geometry of superconducting pairing, the real-space supercurrent, and the charge dipole of quasiparticles. The Berry-curvature effects strongly influence the spectroscopic and transport properties of superconductors, such as the local density of states and the thermal Hall conductivity. As a model illustration, we apply the theory to study the twisted bilayer graphene with a $d_{x^{2}+y^{2}}+id_{xy}$ superconducting gap function, and demonstrate Berry-curvature induced effects.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Resonant Interaction Between a Weak Gravitational Wave and a Microwave Beam in the Double Polarized States Through a Static Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Li, Fang-Yu
name: Yang, Nan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the resonant interaction to the weak gravitational waves in a coupling electromagnetic system, which consists of a Gaussian beam with the double polarized transverse electric modes, a static magnetic field and the fractal membranes. We find that under the syncroresonance condition a high-frequency GW (HFGW) of h=10^-30,v_g=3GHz may produce the perturbative photon flux (PPF) of 2.15*10/s in a surface of 0.01m^2. The PPF can be pumped out from the background photon fluxes and one might obtain the amplified signal photon flux of 2.15*10^4s^-1 by cascade fractal membranes. It appears to be worthwhile to study this effect for the detection of the high-frequency relic GWs in quintessential inflationary models and the HFGWs expected by possible laboratory schemes.
description: 10pages
Flowsheet synthesis through hierarchical reinforcement learning and graph neural networks
Creators: name: Stops, Laura
name: Leenhouts, Roel
name: Gao, Qinghe
name: Schweidtmann, Artur M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Process synthesis experiences a disruptive transformation accelerated by digitization and artificial intelligence. We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm for chemical process design based on a state-of-the-art actor-critic logic. Our proposed algorithm represents chemical processes as graphs and uses graph convolutional neural networks to learn from process graphs. In particular, the graph neural networks are implemented within the agent architecture to process the states and make decisions. Moreover, we implement a hierarchical and hybrid decision-making process to generate flowsheets, where unit operations are placed iteratively as discrete decisions and corresponding design variables are selected as continuous decisions. We demonstrate the potential of our method to design economically viable flowsheets in an illustrative case study comprising equilibrium reactions, azeotropic separation, and recycles. The results show quick learning in discrete, continuous, and hybrid action spaces. Due to the flexible architecture of the proposed reinforcement learning agent, the method is predestined to include large action-state spaces and an interface to process simulators in future research.
A new class of quasi-exactly solvable potentials with position dependent mass
Creators: name: Koc, Ramazan
name: Koca, Mehmet
name: Korcuk, Eser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new class of quasi exactly solvable potentials with a variable mass in the Schroedinger equation is presented. We have derived a general expression for the potentials also including Natanzon confluent potentials. The general solution of the Schroedinger equation is determined and the eigenstates are expressed in terms of the orthogonal polynomials.
Additional file 1 of General and reproductive health outcomes among female greenhouse workers: a comparative study
Creators: name: Rahimi, Tahereh
name: Foozieh Rafati
name: Sharifi, Hamid
name: Seyedi, Fatemeh
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1. An English language version of the questionnaire developed for this study is provided as Additional file 1.