cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Age-related macular degeneration: choroidal ischaemia?
Creators: name: Coleman, Donald Jackson
name: Silverman, Ronald H.
name: Rondeau, Mark J.
name: Lloyd, Harriet O.
name: Chan, Robinson Vernon Paul
name: Khanifar, Aziz A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Ophthalmology

description: Aim: Our aim is to use ultrasound to non-invasively detect differences in choroidal microarchitecture possibly related to ischaemia among normal eyes and those with wet and dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Design Prospective case series of subjects with dry AMD, wet AMD and age-matched controls.
Methods: Digitized 20 MHz B-scan radiofrequency ultrasound data of the region of the macula were segmented to extract the signal from the retina and choroid. This signal was processed by a wavelet transform, and statistical modelling was applied to the
wavelet coefficients to examine differences among dry, wet and non-AMD eyes. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate a multivariate classifier.
Results: In the 69 eyes of 52 patients, 18 did not have AMD, 23 had dry AMD and 28 had wet AMD. Multivariate models showed statistically significant differences between groups. Multiclass ROC analysis of the best model showed an excellent volume-under-curve of 0.892±0.17. The classifier is consistent with ischaemia in dry AMD.
Conclusions: Wavelet augmented ultrasound is sensitive to the organisational elements of choroidal microarchitecture relating to scatter and fluid tissue boundaries such as seen in ischaemia and inflammation, allowing statistically significant differentiation of dry, wet and non-AMD eyes. This study further supports the association of ischaemia with dry AMD and provides a rationale for treating dry AMD with pharmacological agents to increase choroidal perfusion.
Forward Guidance by Inflation-Targeting Central Banks
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: One of the notable features of inflation targeting as an approach to the conduct of monetary policy has been the increased degree of transparency on the part of inflation targeting central banks, not only as to their decisions but also with regard to the goals that policy seeks to achieve and the reasoning behind individual decisions. The degree to which this makes it appropriate, or even necessary, for inflation-targeting central banks to speak in advance about future policy decisions has been a topic of debate, but over time, inflation-targeting central banks such as the Reserve Bank of New Zealand, the Norges Bank, and Sveriges Riksbank have also led the way in increasing the degree of explicit communication about the likely forward path of short-term interest rates on a regular basis.
Interest-Rate Rules in an Estimated Sticky Price Model
Creators: name: Rotemberg, Julio J.
name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1998
Subjects: Economics
Public policy (Law)

description: This paper evaluates alternative rules by which the Fed may set interest rates using the small model of the U.S. economy estimated in Rotemberg and Woodford (1997). Our main substantive finding is that low and stable inflation together with stable interest rates can be achieved by letting the funds rate respond positively to inflation while also responding, with a coefficient bigger than one, to the lagged funds rate itself. A rule in which the interest rate is set in this extremely simple way does almost as well as a more complicated rule which is optimal in our setting, in the sense of maximizing expected utility to the representative household. Furthermore, when the funds rate responds to inflation only with a delay, due to delay in the availability of inflation data, performance under the rule is only slightly reduced.
Parks
Creators: name: Leonova, Yulia
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2018
Subjects: Parks
phenomenology

description: A paper is based on the presentation for Artificial Natures Symposium held by Ideal Spaces Working Group in Venice 2018. It addresses a phenomenology of parks, making several short stops in the journey through some outstanding human-created landscapes. The sites, the Artificial Natures or ‘Worlds’ out of different times and places, are arranged in a sequence, where each World has a link with the others. Among such links some metaphysical concepts, spatial layouts, social building through reconstruction of Nature, and a discourse of vision and power are mentioned.
Potenzielle Fehlverordnungen bei älteren Patienten mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion
Creators: name: Stremme, Johannes Martin
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die Prävalenz von potenziellen Medikamentenfehlverordnungen bei Patienten ab 65 Jahren mit eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion und Polypharmazie betrug bei Aufnahme in ein Krankenhaus in Mecklenburg 45,6%. Am häufigsten waren RAAS-Inhibitoren fehlverordnet. Ein primärärztlich-pharmazeutisches Expertenpanel bewertete dies als klinisch eher nicht relevant, stellt jedoch Optimierungspotential im Medikamentenmanagement fest. Ohne RAAS-Inhibitoren betrug die Prävalenz 31,5%. Prädiktoren waren eine chronische Nierenerkrankung, die Anzahl eingenommener Wirkstoffe und die Einnahme eines oralen Antidiabetikums.
Measuring the transition to homogeneity with photometric redshift surveys
Creators: name: Alonso, D.
name: Belloso, A. Bueno
name: Sánchez, F. J.
name: García-Bellido, J.
name: Sánchez, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the possibility of detecting the transition to homogeneity using photometric redshift catalogs. Our method is based on measuring the fractality of the projected galaxy distribution, using angular distances, and relies only on observable quantites. It thus provides a way to test the Cosmological Principle in a model-independent unbiased way. We have tested our method on different synthetic inhomogeneous catalogs, and shown that it is capable of discriminating some fractal models with relatively large fractal dimensions, in spite of the loss of information due to the radial projection. We have also studied the influence of the redshift bin width, photometric redshift errors, bias, non-linear clustering, and surveyed area, on the angular homogeneity index H2 (θ) in a ΛCDM cosmology. The level to which an upcoming galaxy survey will be able to constrain the transition to homogeneity will depend mainly on the total surveyed area and the compactness of the surveyed region. In particular, a Dark Energy Survey (DES)-like survey should be able to easily discriminate certain fractal models with fractal dimensions as large as D2 = 2.95. We believe that this method will have relevant applications for upcoming large photometric redshift surveys, such as DES or the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST).
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
Magnified image of CK302-14324 with root etching on bison metapodial
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Metapodial
Root Etching
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Metapodial cranial aspect at 8.3 magnification.
Simple Analytics of the Government Expenditure Multiplier
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Economics
Public policy (Law)

description: This paper explains the key factors that determine the output multiplier of government purchases in New Keynesian models, through a series of simple examples that can be solved analytically. Sticky prices or wages allow for larger multipliers than in a neoclassical model, though the size of the multiplier depends crucially on the monetary policy response. A multiplier well in excess of one is possible when monetary policy is constrained by the zero lower bound, and in this case welfare increases if government purchases expand to partially fill the output gap that arises from the inability to lower interest rates.
Ibirapuera
Creators: name: Leonova, Yulia
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2018
Subjects: Roberto Burle Marx
modernist garden
Ibirapuera

description: A paper is based on the presentation for Artificial Natures Symposium held by Ideal Spaces Working Group in Venice 2018. It describes an unimplemented project proposed by Brazilian landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx (1909–1994) for Ibirapuera Park in São Paulo. Within the topic of the Symposium the paper focuses on those features of the project, which characterize Burle Marx as a prominent participant of the movement, aimed to create a new cultural space of Brasilidade. The project “Ibirapuera“ was to sum up Burle Marx’s achievements in creating landscapes both artificial and artistic, rich with links to the wild nature of Brazil, its native cultural substrate, the Latin European legacy.
Macroeconomic Analysis Without the Rational Expectations Hypothesis
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: This paper reviews a variety of alternative approaches to the specification of the expectations of economic decision makers in dynamic models, and reconsiders familiar results in the theory of monetary and fiscal policy when one allows for departures from the hypothesis of rational expectations. The various approaches are all illustrated in the context of a common model, a log-linearized New Keynesian model in which both households and firms solve infinite-horizon decision problems; under the hypothesis of rational expectations, the model reduces to the standard “3-equation model” used in studies such as Clarida et al. (1999). The alternative approaches considered include rationalizable equilibrium dynamics (Guesnerie, 2008); restricted perceptions equilibria (Branch, 2004); decreasing-gain and constant-gain variants of least-squares learning dynamics (Evans and Honkapohja, 2001); rational belief equilibria (Kurz, 2012); and near-rational expectations equilibria (Woodford, 2010). Issues treated include Ricardian equivalence; the determinacy of equilibrium under alternative interest-rate rules; non-fundamental sources of aggregate instability; the tradeoff between inflation stabilization and output-gap stabilization; and the possibility of a “deflation trap.”
Einfluss einer medikamentösen Osteoporose-Therapie auf Schmerzen und die physischen Leistungsparameter Koordination und Kraft
Creators: name: Voßmann, Ulrike Magdalena
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: In dieser prospektiven Studie wurde der Einfluss einer Osteoporose-spezifischen Medikation auf die Schmerzen und die Parameter Koordination und Kraft in einer 25 PatientInnen großen und heterogen therapierten Untersuchungsgruppe über 18 Monate unter Real-Life-Bedingungen beobachtet. Die Schmerzen nahmen in der Untersuchungsgruppe signifikant ab, ebenso die Handgriffkraft der dominanten Hand. Die weiteren Parameter veränderten sich nicht signifikant. Die spezifische medikamentöse Osteoporose-Therapie wirkt sich positiv auf die Schmerzen aus, jedoch nicht auf Muskelkraft und Koordination.
Annular Vortex Chain in a Resonantly Pumped Polariton Superfluid
Creators: name: Boulier, T.
name: Terças, H.
name: Solnyshkov, D. D.
name: Glorieux, Q.
name: Giacobino, E.
name: Malpuech, G.
name: Bramati, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the formation of a ring-shaped array of vortices after injection of angular momentum in a polariton superfluid. The angular momentum is injected by a $\ell= 8$ Laguerre-Gauss beam, whereas the global rotation of the fluid is hindered by a narrow Gaussian beam placed at its center. In the linear regime a spiral interference pattern containing phase defects is visible. In the nonlinear (superfluid) regime, the interference disappears and the vortices nucleate as a consequence of the angular momentum quantization. The radial position of the vortices evolves freely in the region between the two pumps as a function of the density. Hydrodynamic instabilities resulting in the spontaneous nucleation of vortex-antivortex pairs when the system size is sufficiently large confirm that the vortices are not constrained by interference when nonlinearities dominate the system.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRL
Housing Prices and Robustly Optimal Monetary Policy
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
name: Adam, Klaus
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We analytically characterize robustly optimal monetary policy for an augmented New Keynesian model with a housing sector. In our setting, the housing stock delivers a service flow entering households’ utility, houses are durable goods that depreciate over time, and new houses can be produced using a concave production technology. We show that shocks to housing demand and to housing productivity have “cost-push” implications, which warrant temporary fluctuations in the inflation rate under optimal policy, even under an assumption of rational expectations, for reasons familiar from the literature on “flexible inflation targeting”. However, under rational expectations optimal monetary policy can still be characterized by commitment to a “target criterion” that refers to inflation and the output gap only, just as in the standard model without a housing sector. Instead, if policy is to be robust to potential departures of (house price and inflation) expectations from model-consistent ones, the target criterion must also depend on housing prices. In the empirically realistic case where the government subsidizes housing, the robustly optimal target criterion requires the central bank to “lean against” unexpected increases in housing prices, in the sense that it should adopt a policy stance that is projected to undershoot its normal targets for inflation and/or the output gap owing to the increase in housing prices, and similarly aim to overshoot those targets in the case of unexpected declines in housing prices.
Garden City of Tel Aviv
Creators: name: Leonova, Yulia
Publisher: name: KIT Scientific Publishing
Year: 2018
Subjects: Tel Aviv
Garden City
Patrick Geddes
Modern Movement

description: A paper is based on the presentation for Artificial Natures Symposium held by Ideal Spaces Working Group in Venice 2018. Introducing one of the ‘Worlds’ of the Ideal Spaces project – the idealized “White Garden City of Tel Aviv,” the paper outlines the linkages between the planned geometry and the intended exemplary successful City of modernized Hebrew culture; the dreams of its prominent planners; the urban, landscape, and architectural solutions, developed to perfect the functional and aesthetic qualities of the inhabited environment of the ‘old-new land’.
Analysen über oxidativen Stress in neural differenzierten Morbus Niemann Pick Typ C Patienten-spezifischen induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen
Creators: name: Jürs, Alexandra Veronika
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Natural sciences
subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Morbus Niemann-Pick Typ C (NPC) ist eine seltene lysosomale Speichererkrankung mit einer Neurodegeneration, u.a. durch oxidativen Stress (OS). In der angefertigten Arbeit wurde das Maß an OS sowie dessen Regulation über das antioxidative Abwehrsystem untersucht in einem humanen neuralen Zellmodell. Für NPC1 wurde ein erhöhter Gehalt an reaktiven Molekülen, eine verminderte SOD-Aktivität bei unveränderter Expression der SOD1 und SOD2 und eine stark reduzierte Katalase-Expression nachgewiesen. In NPC2 zeigte sich kein OS. Als Therapie wurde die Behandlung mit Flavonoiden untersucht ohne Effekt.
Topological implications of negative curvature for biological and social networks
Creators: name: Albert, Reka
name: DasGupta, Bhaskar
name: Mobasheri, Nasim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: E.1; J.3; J.4
subject: 92C42, 68R10, 05C40, 05C38, 05C82, 91D30

description: Network measures that reflect the most salient properties of complex large-scale networks are in high demand in the network research community. In this paper we adapt a combinatorial measure of negative curvature (also called hyperbolicity) to parameterized finite networks, and show that a variety of biological and social networks are hyperbolic. This hyperbolicity property has strong implications on the higher-order connectivity and other topological properties of these networks. Specifically, we derive and prove bounds on the distance among shortest or approximately shortest paths in hyperbolic networks. We describe two implications of these bounds to cross-talk in biological networks, and to the existence of central, influential neighborhoods in both biological and social networks.
description: Physical Review E, 2014
Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy with Endogenous Collateral Constraints
Creators: name: Woodford, Michael
name: Araujo, Aloisio
name: Schommer, Susan
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We consider the effects of central-bank purchases of a risky asset, financed by issuing riskless nominal liabilities (reserves), as an additional dimension of policy alongside “conventional” monetary policy (central-bank control of the riskless nominal interest rate), in a general-equilibrium model of asset pricing and risk sharing with endogenous collateral constraints of the kind proposed by Geanakoplos (1997). When sufficient collateral exists for collateral constraints not to bind for any agents, we show that central-bank asset purchases have no effects on either real or nominal variables, despite the differing risk characteristics of the assets purchased and the ones issued to finance these purchases. At the same time, the existence of collateral constraints allows our model to capture the common view that large enough central-bank purchases would eventually have to effect asset prices. But even when central-bank purchases raise the price of the asset, owing to binding collateral constraints, the effects need not be the ones commonly assumed. We show that under some circumstances, central-bank purchases relax financial constraints, increase aggregate demand, and may even achieve a Pareto improvement; but in other cases, they may tighten financial constraints, reduce aggregate demand, and lower welfare. The latter case is almost certainly the one that arises if central-bank purchases are sufficiently large.
Ergebnisse nach Appendektomie mit besonderem Fokus auf der Absetzungstechnik
Creators: name: Hammen, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die laparoskopische Appendektomie hat sich gegenüber der offenen Appendektomie als Standardverfahren an der Universitätsmedizin Rostock etabliert. Dabei stellt sie ein sicheres und alltagstaugliches Verfahren dar und eignet sich als Ausbildungseingriff. In der eigenen Klinik findet größtenteils der Stapler Verwendung und wird insbesondere bei kränkeren Patienten mit fortgeschrittener Entzündung eingesetzt. Im Vergleich zur Schlinge bestand bezüglich der Operationsdauer, der stationären Verweildauer und der postoperativen Komplikationsrate kein signifikanter Unterschied.
48CK302-566, Side Notched Point, Side 2
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Side Notched
Quartzite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a purple quartzite side notched projectile point, missing the distal end. Provenience: O-5-20"
Scientific opinion concerning the expediency of the disinfection of the running gear of the motor vehicles passing through the border checkpoints of the Republic of Bulgaria
Creators: name: Kostov Ilyan
name: Lukanova, Nadejda
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: disinfection
border
disinfection of the BIP
Republic of Bulgaria

description: This opinion was prepared by the Center for Risk Assessment in the Food Chain on the appropriateness of disinfection of the motor vehicles passing through the border crossings of the Republic of Bulgaria on the basis of an analysis of the epidemiological situation in the world, Europe and the Mediterranean and the possibility to stop the prophylactic disinfection of the country's border checkpoints. Based on the assessment, the Risk Assessment Center in the agri-food chain makes the following recommendations: 1. The introduction and cancellation of the disinfection of the BIP should be done by order of the Minister of Agriculture on the proposal of the Executive Director of the BFSA according to Art. 126 of the Veterinary Law or in case of calamity on Art. 15 of the Plant Protection Law by the Minister of Agriculture. The imposed measures shall be revoked by an order of the competent authority when the need for their implementation ceases. 2. In order to assess the expediency of introducing or terminating the prophylactic disinfection of the motor vehicles passing through the border checkpoints of the Republic of Bulgaria, it is necessary to take into account: (a) information on the spread of contagious animal diseases and plant pests in countries or regions thereof where restrictive measures have been announced in relation to the animal diseases listed in Annex II to Regulation (EU) 2016/429 and pests for plants on the lists of Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/1702, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/2019, Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072, as well as those listed in EPRO lists 1 and 2; (b) the type of consignments transported and the sanitary status of the countries or regions through which the transport corridors pass; c) identification of "high-risk" and potentially dangerous biological agents on the basis of epidemiological, economic and sociological criteria that could potentially be used as biological weapons when hostilities are taking place near the Bulgarian borders.
Additional file 10 of Targeting isoaspartate-modified Aβ rescues behavioral deficits in transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology
Creators: name: Gnoth, Kathrin
name: Piechotta, Anke
name: Kleinschmidt, Martin
name: Konrath, Sandra
name: Schenk, Mathias
name: Taudte, Nadine
name: Ramsbeck, Daniel
name: Rieckmann, Vera
name: Geissler, Stefanie
name: Eichentopf, Rico
name: Barendrecht, Susan
name: Hartlage-Rübsamen, Maike
name: Hans-Ulrich Demuth
name: Roßner, Steffen
name: Cynis, Holger
name: Rahfeld, Jens-Ulrich
name: Schilling, Stephan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 10. Pole test of mice treated weekly for 38 weeks with 12 mg/kg K11_IgG2a, 3D6_IgG2a and isotype control. Antibody-treated 5xFAD groups are compared with wildtype animals treated with 12 mg/kg isotype control. Animals were placed with their head directed to the top on a 50 cm high pole. Immediately after unhand, time was counted until (A) animals turned around (defined as every single paw is directed to the ground) and (B) animals reached the ground with every paw. For statistical analysis Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test was used. Sample size was at least 10 animals per group. * means p ≤ 0.05; ** means p ≤ 0.01. The error bars represent SEM.
Altersabhängige Auswirkungen eines RAGE-Knockout in Bezug auf den B6/J Mausstamm mit Fokus auf die Retina
Creators: name: vom Brocke, Max Paul
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Im Rahmen der Alterung und verstärkt durch eine Diabeteserkrankung kommt es zu einer steigenden Konzentration von AGEs, die über Bindung an den RAGE die Pathogenese beschleunigen. Über Blockade des AGE-RAGE System wird versucht unter anderem für den Diabetes mellitus einen therapeutischen Ansatzpunkt zu entwickeln. Mit dieser tierexperimentellen Studie sollte daher der Einfluss des AGE-RAGE Systems in der Alterung mit Fokus auf die Retina untersucht werden. Dazu wurde der RAxYFP Stamm mit dem YFP Stamm als Kontrollstamm verglichen.
Additional file 12 of Targeting isoaspartate-modified Aβ rescues behavioral deficits in transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology
Creators: name: Gnoth, Kathrin
name: Piechotta, Anke
name: Kleinschmidt, Martin
name: Konrath, Sandra
name: Schenk, Mathias
name: Taudte, Nadine
name: Ramsbeck, Daniel
name: Rieckmann, Vera
name: Geissler, Stefanie
name: Eichentopf, Rico
name: Barendrecht, Susan
name: Hartlage-Rübsamen, Maike
name: Hans-Ulrich Demuth
name: Roßner, Steffen
name: Cynis, Holger
name: Rahfeld, Jens-Ulrich
name: Schilling, Stephan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 12. Determination of Aβ-specific antibody concentration in cerebellum of mice treated weekly for 38 weeks with 12 mg/kg K11_IgG2a, 3D6_IgG2a and isotype control. Three months old 5xFAD mice were treated weekly by intraperitoneal injections with 12 mg/kg K11_IgG2a, 3D6_IgG2a and isotype control. After 38 weeks of treatment, mice were sacrificed; the cerebellum removed and homogenized in 300 μl ELISA Blocker + Tween with Protease Inhibitor Mix by using a Precellys homogenizer. After a centrifugation step for 15 min at 10.000 x g, followed by a second centrifugation for 30 min at 25.000 x g, supernatant was used for determination of anti Aβ-binding activity according to Frost et al., 2016. Total protein concentration was determined by using a BCA-Assay in order to calculate the antibody amounts in ng/mg total protein. The error bars represent SEM.
Probing electric and magnetic vacuum fluctuations with quantum dots
Creators: name: Tighineanu, Petru
name: Andersen, Mads Lykke
name: Sørensen, Anders Søndberg
name: Stobbe, Søren
name: Lodahl, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electromagnetic-vacuum-field fluctuations are intimately linked to the process of spontaneous emission of light. Atomic emitters cannot probe electric- and magnetic-field fluctuations simultaneously because electric and magnetic transitions correspond to different selection rules. In this paper we show that semiconductor quantum dots are fundamentally different and are capable of mediating electric-dipole, magnetic-dipole, and electric-quadrupole transitions on a single electronic resonance. As a consequence, quantum dots can probe electric and magnetic fields simultaneously and can thus be applied for sensing the electromagnetic environment of complex photonic nanostructures. Our study opens the prospect of interfacing quantum dots with optical metamaterials for tailoring the electric and magnetic light-matter interaction at the single-emitter level.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Central Bank Design
Creators: name: Reis, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: What set of institutions can support the activity of a central bank? Designing a central bank requires specifying its objective function, including the bank's mandate at different horizons and the choice of banker(s), specifying the resource constraint that limits the resources that the central bank generates, the assets it holds, or the payments on its liabilities, and finally specifying how the central bank will communicate with private agents to affect the way they respond to policy choices. This paper summarizes the relevant economic literature that bears on these choices, leading to twelve principles on central bank design.
The Portuguese Slump and Crash and the Euro Crisis
Creators: name: Reis, Ricardo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: Between 2000 and 2012, the Portuguese economy grew less than the United States during the Great Depression and less than Japan during its lost decade. This paper asks why this happened, with a particular focus on the slump between 2000 and 2007. It describes the main facts of Portugal’s recent economic history, evaluates some possible explanations for its dismal performance, and proposes a new hypothesis based on the misallocation of abundant capital flows from abroad. I put forward a model of credit frictions to show that if financial integration exceeds financial deepening, productivity will fall, generating a slump as relatively unproductive firms in the nontradables sector expand at the expense of more productive tradables firms. This explanation can also potentially account for the similarities and the differences between Portugal on the one hand, and Ireland and Spain on the other, during this period, and for some features of the crash in Portugal after 2010.
Magnified image of CK302-2246 with polishing on bone tool from bison rib
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Rib
Polishing
Bone Tool
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Rib lateral aspect at 7.6 magnification.
How Much Do Bank Shocks Affect Investment? Evidence from Matched Bank-Firm Loan Data
Creators: name: Amiti, Mary
name: Weinstein, David E.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We show that supply-side financial shocks have a large impact on firms’ investment. We do this by developing a new methodology to separate firm-borrowing shocks from bank supply shocks using a vast sample of matched bank-firm lending data. We decompose loan movements in Japan for the period 1990 to 2010 into bank, firm, industry, and common shocks. The high degree of financial institution concentration means that individual banks are large relative to the size of the economy, which creates a role for granular shocks as in Gabaix (2011). As a result, bank supply shocks—i.e., movements in the supply of bank loans net of borrower characteristics and general credit conditions—can have large impacts on aggregate loan supply and investment. We show that these bank supply shocks explain 40 percent of aggregate loan and investment fluctuations.
Photochemistry in Terrestrial Exoplanet Atmospheres III: Photochemistry and Thermochemistry in Thick Atmospheres on Super Earths and Mini Neptunes
Creators: name: Hu, Renyu
name: Seager, Sara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some super Earths and mini Neptunes will likely have thick atmospheres that are not H2-dominated. We have developed a photochemistry-thermochemistry kinetic-transport model for exploring the compositions of thick atmospheres on super Earths and mini Neptunes, applicable for both H2-dominated atmospheres and non-H2-dominated atmospheres. Using this model to study thick atmospheres for wide ranges of temperatures and elemental abundances, we classify them into hydrogen-rich atmospheres, water-rich atmospheres, oxygen-rich atmospheres, and hydrocarbon-rich atmospheres. We find that carbon has to be in the form of CO2 rather than CH4 or CO in a H2-depleted water-dominated thick atmosphere, and that the preferred loss of light elements from an oxygen-poor carbon-rich atmosphere leads to formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons (C2H2 and C2H4). We apply our self-consistent atmosphere models to compute spectra and diagnostic features for known transiting low-mass exoplanets GJ 1214 b, HD 97658 b, and 55 Cnc e. For GJ 1214 b like planets we find that (1) C2H2 features at 1.0 and 1.5 micron in transmission and C2H2 and C2H4 features at 9-14 micron in thermal emission are diagnostic for hydrocarbon-rich atmospheres; (2) a detection of water-vapor features and a confirmation of nonexistence of methane features would provide sufficient evidence for a water-dominated atmosphere. In general, our simulations show that chemical stability has to be taken into account when interpreting the spectrum of a super Earth/mini Neptune. Water-dominated atmospheres only exist for carbon to oxygen ratios much lower than the solar ratio, suggesting that this kind of atmospheres could be rare.
description: Accepted for publication on ApJ
Re-Election Through Division
Creators: name: Morelli, Massimo
name: Van Weelden, Richard
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We provide a positive analysis of effort allocation by a politician facing reelection when voters are uncertain about the politician’s preferences on a divisive issue. We then use this framework to derive normative conclusions on the desirability of transparency and other institutional design features. There is a pervasive incentive to “posture” by over-providing effort to pursue divisive policies, even if all voters would strictly prefer to have a consensus policy implemented. As such, the desire of politicians to convince voters that their preferences are aligned with the majority can lead them to choose strictly pareto dominated effort allocations. Transparency over the politicians’ effort choices can either mitigate or re-enforce the distortions depending on the strength of politicians’ office motivation and the efficiency of institutions. When re-election concerns are paramount, and executive institutions are strong, transparency about effort choices can be bad for both incentivizing politicians and for sorting.
Meson-cloud effects in the electromagnetic nucleon structure
Creators: name: Kupelwieser, Daniel
name: Schweiger, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study how the electromagnetic structure of the nucleon is influenced by a pion cloud. To this aim we make use of a constituent-quark model with instantaneous confinement and a pion that couples directly to the quarks. To derive the invariant 1- photon-exchange electron-nucleon scattering amplitude we employ a Poincaré- invariant coupled-channel formulation which is based on the point-form of relativistic quantum mechanics. We argue that the electromagnetic nucleon current extracted from this amplitude can be reexpressed in terms of pure hadronic degrees of freedom with the quark substructure of the pion and the nucleon being encoded in electromagnetic and strong vertex form factors. These are form factors of bare particles, i.e. eigenstates of the pure confinement problem. First numerical results for (bare) photon-nucleon and pion-nucleon form factors, which are the basic ingredients of the further calculation, are given for a simple 3-quark wave function of the nucleon.
description: 4 pages, based on a talk given by D. Kupelwieser at The 22nd European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics, Krak\'ow, Poland, 9 - 13 September 2013, to appear in Few-Body Systems (EFB 22)
Additional file 1 of Targeting isoaspartate-modified Aβ rescues behavioral deficits in transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology
Creators: name: Gnoth, Kathrin
name: Piechotta, Anke
name: Kleinschmidt, Martin
name: Konrath, Sandra
name: Schenk, Mathias
name: Taudte, Nadine
name: Ramsbeck, Daniel
name: Rieckmann, Vera
name: Geissler, Stefanie
name: Eichentopf, Rico
name: Barendrecht, Susan
name: Hartlage-Rübsamen, Maike
name: Hans-Ulrich Demuth
name: Roßner, Steffen
name: Cynis, Holger
name: Rahfeld, Jens-Ulrich
name: Schilling, Stephan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1. Summary of isoD7-Aβ specific antibodies obtained from murine hybridoma cells. Binding affinities of isoD7-Aβ (1–18) as well as Aβ (1–18) peptides to immobilized antibodies were determined by using Biacore 3000 at a temperature of 25 °C. Goat anti mouse IgG was immobilized to a CM5 sensor chip, followed by binding of mouse antibodies. Kinetic constants were determined by applying Aβ peptides at different concentrations and calculated from the combined set of data by using BIAevaluation software (Biacore AB).
Magnetorotational Core-Collapse Supernovae in Three Dimensions
Creators: name: Mösta, P.
name: Richers, S.
name: Ott, C. D.
name: Haas, R.
name: Piro, A. L.
name: Boydstun, K.
name: Abdikamalov, E.
name: Reisswig, C.
name: Schnetter, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present results of new three-dimensional (3D) general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of rapidly rotating strongly magnetized core collapse. These simulations are the first of their kind and include a microphysical finite-temperature equation of state and a leakage scheme that captures the overall energetics and lepton number exchange due to postbounce neutrino emission. Our results show that the 3D dynamics of magnetorotational core-collapse supernovae are fundamentally different from what was anticipated on the basis of previous simulations in axisymmetry (2D). A strong bipolar jet that develops in a simulation constrained to 2D is crippled by a spiral instability and fizzles in full 3D. While multiple (magneto-)hydrodynamic instabilities may be present, our analysis suggests that the jet is disrupted by an m=1 kink instability of the ultra-strong toroidal field near the rotation axis. Instead of an axially symmetric jet, a completely new, previously unreported flow structure develops. Highly magnetized spiral plasma funnels expelled from the core push out the shock in polar regions, creating wide secularly expanding lobes. We observe no runaway explosion by the end of the full 3D simulation at 185 ms after bounce. At this time, the lobes have reached maximum radii of 900 km.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures. Submitted to ApJL. Additional material and animations available at http://stellarcollapse.org/cc3dgrmhd
Regulatorische Funktionen des Hippo-Signalwegs in der Aktivierung pankreatischer Sternzellen der Ratte
Creators: name: Spanehl, Lennard
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Die chronische Pankreatitis und das Pankreaskarzinom sind bisher unzureichend therapierbare Erkrankungen. Immunhistochemische Färbungen von YAP in pankreatischen Gewebsschnitten von Ratten und Mäusen legen eine Beteiligung des Hippo-Signalwegs an der Entstehung der chronischen Pankreatitis und Organfibrose nahe. TGF-beta erhöht die YAP-Aktivität in pankreatischen Sternzellen, während IFN-gamma und MAP-Kinase-Inhibitoren einen gegenteiligen Effekt haben. Eine YAP-Inhibition kann die Proliferation von pankreatischen Sternzellen hemmen, ohne deren Aktivierung signifikant zu beeinflussen.
48CK302-468, Tri-Notched Point, Side 2
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: University of Wyoming
Year: 2023
Subjects: Projectile Point
Tri-Notched
Porcellanite
Vore Buffalo Jump
Bison
Bison Jump
Mass Kill Site
Archaeological Site
Northwest Plains Tribes
Sinkhole
Wyoming
Prehistoric
Archaeology

description: Image of a gray porcellanite tri-notched projectile point, broken on one side, missing one blade, the tip and part of one tang. Provenience: S1-1-(on top of bone)
Weak Cartels and Collusion-Proof Auctions
Creators: name: Che, Yeon-Koo
name: Condorelli, Daniele
name: Kim, Jinwoo
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: We study collusion in a large class of private-value auctions by cartels whose members cannot exchange monetary transfers among themselves (i.e., weak cartels). We provide a complete characterization of outcomes that are implementable in the presence of weak cartels, and identify optimal collusion-proof auctions for symmetric value distributions. When the density is single-peaked, the optimal collusion-proof auction can be implemented by a procedure that combines a second-price auction with a sequential one-on- one negotiation.
Random walks and effective optical depth in relativistic flow
Creators: name: Shibata, Sanshiro
name: Tominaga, Nozomu
name: Tanaka, Masaomi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the random walk process in relativistic flow. In the relativistic flow, photon propagation is concentrated in the directions of the flow velocity due to relativistic beaming effect. We show that, in the pure scattering case, the number of scatterings is proportional to the size parameter $ξ\equiv L/l_0$ if the flow velocity $β\equiv v/c$ satisfies $β/Γ\gg ξ^{-1}$, while it is proportional to $ξ^2$ if $β/Γ\ll ξ^{-1}$ where $L$ and $l_0$ are the size of the system in the observer frame and the mean free path in the comoving frame, respectively. We also examine the photon propagation in the scattering and absorptive medium. We find that, if the optical depth for absorption $τ_{\rm a}$ is considerably smaller than the optical depth for scattering $τ_{\rm s}$ ($τ_{\rm a}/τ_{\rm s} \ll 1$) and the flow velocity satisfies $β\gg \sqrt{2τ_{\rm a}/τ_{\rm s}}$, the effective optical depth is approximated by $τ_*\simeqτ_{\rm a}(1+β)/β$. Furthermore, we perform Monte Carlo simulations of radiative transfer and compare the results with the analytic expression for the number of scattering. The analytic expression is consistent with the results of the numerical simulations. The expression derived in this Letter can be used to estimate the photon production site in relativistic phenomena, e.g., gamma-ray burst and active galactic nuclei.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters
Initial Wave Breaking Dynamics of Peregrine-Type Rogue Waves: A Numerical and Experimental Study
Creators: name: Peric, R.
name: Hoffmann, N.
name: Chabchoub, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Peregrine breather, today widely regarded as a prototype for spatio-temporally localized rogue waves on the ocean caused by nonlinear focusing, is analyzed by direct numerical simulations based on two-phase Navier-Stokes equations. A finite-volume approach with a volume of fluid method is applied to study the Peregrine breather dynamics up to the initial stages of wave breaking. The comparison of the numerical results with laboratory experiments to validate the numerical approach shows very good agreement and suggests that the chosen method is an effective tool to study modulation instability and breather dynamics in water waves with high accuracy even up to the onset of wave breaking. The numerical results also indicate some previously unnoticed characteristics of the flow fields below the water surface of breathers, which might be of significance for short-term prediction of rogue waves. Recurrent wave breaking is also observed.
Charakterisierung der TGF-b regulierten Expression von CD74 in Mikrogliazellen
Creators: name: Jahn, Jannik Benjamin
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Also residente Immunzellen des Hirns sind aktivierte Mikroglia in verschiedenen Pathologien des ZNS beteiligt. In dieser Arbeit wurde gezeigt, dass die Aktivierung von Mikrogliazellen durch die LPS zu einer verstärkten Expression von CD74 führt. TGF-b1 ist einerseits in der Lage die basale, als auch die LPS-induzierte Expression von CD74 zu blockieren. Die Hemmung des TGF-b Signalweges führt zudem zu einer erhöhten Präsentation von CD74 auf der Oberfläche von Mikroglia. In vivo zeigen wir zudem, dass der Knockout des TGF-b Rezeptor 2 zu einer verstärkten Expression von CD74 führt.
Connection problem for the sine-Gordon/Painlevé III tau function and irregular conformal blocks
Creators: name: Its, A.
name: Lisovyy, O.
name: Tykhyy, Yu.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The short-distance expansion of the tau function of the radial sine-Gordon/Painlevé III equation is given by a convergent series which involves irregular $c=1$ conformal blocks and possesses certain periodicity properties with respect to monodromy data. The long-distance irregular expansion exhibits a similar periodicity with respect to a different pair of coordinates on the monodromy manifold. This observation is used to conjecture an exact expression for the connection constant providing relative normalization of the two series. Up to an elementary prefactor, it is given by the generating function of the canonical transformation between the two sets of coordinates.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure
Untersuchung der Effekte thrombozyten-stämmiger Wachstumsfaktoren auf humane Primärzellen in vitro
Creators: name: Gaffrey, Marie-Theres Eva
Publisher: name: Universität Rostock
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences Medicine

description: Diese Dissertation untersucht die Effekte thrombozyten-stämmiger Wachstumsfaktoren auf humane Primärzellen in vitro. Dabei werden insbesondere die mesenchymalen Stammzellen des Fettgewebes und die Endothelzellen betrachtet. Die Effekte der Zugabe von thrombozyten-stämmigen Wachstumsfaktoren und insbesondere TGF-β 1 werden nicht nur morphologisch, sondern auch hinsichtlich ihrer Zellproliferation, metabolischen Aktivität, Apoptose, Zellzyklus und Freisetzung von Zytokinen und Chemokinen untersucht. Dies geschieht in Hinblick auf die Bedeutung dieser Aspekte im Rahmen der Wundheilung.
A Cultural Clash View of the EU Crisis
Creators: name: Morelli, Massimo
name: Herrera, Helios
name: Guiso, Luigi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2013
Subjects: Economics

description: If voters of different countries adhere to different and deeply rooted cultural norms, when these countries interact their leaders may find it impossible to agree on efficient policies especially in hard times. Political leader’s actions are bound by a conformity constraint that requires them to express policies that do not violate these norms. This inhibits politicians from adopting the optimal policies as they may clash with either one or the other of the cultures of the interacting countries. We model this mechanism and argue that conformity constraints and cultural clash can help us understand the poor management of the Greek crisis and the resulting European Sovereign debt crisis. We show the conditions under which the introduction in Europe of a fiscal union can be obtained with consensus and be beneficial. Perhaps counter-intuitively, cultural diversity makes a fiscal union even more desirable.
Poly-time Computability of the Feigenbaum Julia set
Creators: name: Dudko, Artem
name: Yampolsky, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37F25, 03D15

description: We present the first example of a poly-time computable Julia set with a recurrent critical point: we prove that the Julia set of the Feigenbaum map is computable in polynomial time.