cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Comparative characterization study of LYSO:Ce crystals for timing applications
Creators: name: Addesa, F. M.
name: Barria, P.
name: Bianco, R.
name: Campana, M.
name: Cavallari, F.
name: Cemmi, A.
name: Cipriani, M.
name: Dafinei, I.
name: Orsi, B. ď
name: del Re, D.
name: Diemoz, M.
name: Imperio, G. ď
name: Di Marco, E.
name: Di Sarcina, I.
name: Enculescu, M.
name: Longo, E.
name: Lucchini, M. T.
name: Marchegiani, F.
name: Meridiani, P.
name: Nisi, S.
name: Organtini, G.
name: Pandolfi, F.
name: Paramatti, R.
name: Pettinacci, V.
name: Quaranta, C.
name: Rahatlou, S.
name: Rovelli, C.
name: Santanastasio, F.
name: Soffi, L.
name: Tramontano, R.
name: Tully, C. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cerium-doped Lutetium-Yttrium Oxyorthosilicate (LYSO:Ce)is one of the most widely used Cerium-doped Lutetium based scintillation crystals. Initially developed for medical detectors it rapidly became attractive for High Energy Particle Physics (HEP) applications, especially in the frame of high luminosity particle colliders. In this paper, a comprehensive and systematic study of LYSO:Ce ($[Lu_{(1-x)}Y_x]_2SiO_5$:$Ce$) crystals is presented. It involves for the first time a large number of crystal samples (180) of the same size from a dozen of producers.The study consists of a comparative characterization of LYSO:Ce crystal products available on the market by mechanical, optical and scintillation measurements and aims specifically, to investigate key parameters of timing applications for HEP.
description: 38 pages, 22 figures
Academic Language Feedback Guide
Creators: name: Podorova, Anna
name: McLeod, Amber
name: Ghazarian, Julia
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 470399
subject: Language studies not elsewhere classified

description: This online tool is the first version of the Academic Language Feedback Guide developed in 2015. It has since been updated to the Academic Communication Guide that includes the spoken language components.For more information, please contact anna.podorova@monash.edu. You can also self-enrol in the Academic Language Feedback Toolkit for Education staff Moodle https://learning.monash.edu/course/view.php?id=8629
Nonlinear three-wave interaction in marine sediments
Creators: name: Pushkina, N. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear interaction of three acoustic waves in a sandy sediment is studied in the frequency range where there is a considerable wave velocity dispersion. The possibility of an experimental observation of the generation of a sound wave by two pump waves propagating at an angle to each other is estimated.
description: 8 pages
Heavy baryons as polarimeters at colliders
Creators: name: Galanti, Mario
name: Giammanco, Andrea
name: Grossman, Yuval
name: Kats, Yevgeny
name: Stamou, Emmanuel
name: Zupan, Jure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In new-physics processes that produce b or c jets, a measurement of the initial b or c-quark polarization could provide crucial information about the structure of the new physics. In the heavy-quark limit, the b and c-quark polarizations are preserved in the lightest baryons they hadronize into, Lambda_b and Lambda_c, respectively. We revisit the prediction for the polarization retention after the hadronization process and extend it to the case of transverse polarization. We show how ATLAS and CMS can measure the b-quark polarization using semileptonic Lambda_b decays, and the c-quark polarization using Lambda_c+ -> p K- pi+ decays. For calibrating both measurements we suggest to use ttbar samples in which these polarizations can be measured with precision of order 10% using 100/fb of data in Run 2 of the LHC. Measurements of the transverse polarization in QCD events at ATLAS, CMS and LHCb are motivated as well. The proposed measurements give access to nonperturbative QCD parameters relevant to the dynamics of the hadronization process.
description: 47 pages, 5 figures; v2: minor improvements, published version
Figure S2. Method for creating stimuli from Synchronized mating signals in a communication network: the challenge of avoiding predators while attracting mates.
Creators: name: Legett, Henry D.
name: Page, Rachel A.
name: Bernal, Ximena E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Method for creating stimuli, treatments (5 ms, 79 ms, alternating calls) for each trial. Pre-recorded calls were randomly drawn from the library of 10 (either Smilisca sila or Engystomops pustulosus) so that the same call was not repeated within a single trial. Specific call combinations were not repeated for a receiver (bat, midge, or female frog). Note that, as a result of leader-follower preferences, the order in which calls are presented in the 5 ms and 79 ms treatments change the way these stimuli are perceived (e.g. call #8 and call #2 broadcast at 5 ms overlap is different than call #2 and call #8 broadcast at 5 ms overlap). Thus, from the library of 10 calls, there were 90 potential stimuli each for the 5 ms and 79 ms treatments, and 45 combinations for the alternative treatment.
Group delay time of fermions in graphene through tilted potential barrier
Creators: name: Fattasse, Youssef
name: Mekkaoui, Miloud
name: Jellal, Ahmed
name: Bahaoui, Abdelhadi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The group delay time of Dirac fermions subjected to a tilting barrier potential along the $ x $-axis is investigated in graphene. We start by finding the eigenspinor solution of the Dirac equation and then relating it to incident, reflected, and transmitted beam waves. This relationship allows us to compute the group delay time in transmission and reflection by obtaining the corresponding phase shifts. We discovered that the barrier width, incident energy, and incident angle can all be used to modify the group delay time, and that the particles travel through the barrier at the Fermi velocity $ v_F $. Our findings also show that the transmission group delay might be controlled, and that gate voltage control could be useful in graphene-based tilting barriers.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures
(821) Walker Joy
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(823) John Gisburn
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Evolution of the flow field in decaying active regions II. Converging flows at the periphery of naked spots
Creators: name: Strecker, H.
name: Bello González, N.
Publisher: name: Les Ulis : EDP Sciences
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Sun: evolution
subject: Sun: photosphere
subject: sunspots
subject: 520

description: Context. In a previous work, we investigated the evolution of the flow field around sunspots during sunspot decay and compared it with the flow field of supergranular cells. The decay of a sunspot proceeds as it interacts with its surroundings. This is manifested by the changes observed in the flow field surrounding the decaying spot. Aims. We now investigate in detail the evolution of the flow field in the direct periphery of the sunspots of the same sample and aim to provide a complete picture of the role of large-scale flows present in sunspot cells. Methods. We analyse the horizontal velocity profiles of sunspots obtained from observations by the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We follow their evolution across the solar disc from their stable phase to their decay and their final disappearance. Results.We find two different scenarios for the evolution of the flow region surrounding a spot in the final stage of its decay: (i) either the flow cell implodes and disappears under the action of the surrounding supergranules or (ii) it outlives the spot. In the later case, an inwards flow towards the remaining naked spot develops in the vicinity closest to the spot followed by an outflow further out. These findings provide observational evidence to theoretical predictions by realistic magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) sunspot and moat region simulations. Conclusions. The Evershed flow and the moat flow, both connected to the presence of fully fledged sunspots in a spot cell, vanish when penumbrae decay. Moat flows decline into supergranular flows. The final fate of a spot cell depends on its interaction with the surrounding supergranular cells. In the case of non-imploding spot cells, the remaining naked spot develops a converging inflow driven by radiative cooling and a geometrical alignment of granules in its periphery which is similar to that observed in pores.
De Sitter vacua in ghost-free massive gravity theory
Creators: name: Mazuet, Charles
name: Volkov, Mikhail S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple procedure to obtain all de Sitter solutions in the ghost-free massive gravity theory by using the Gordon ansatz. For these solutions the physical metric can be conveniently viewed as describing a hyperboloid in 5D Minkowski space, while the flat reference metric depends on the Stuckelberg field $T(t,r)$ that satisfies the equation $(\partial_t{T})^2-(\partial_r T)^2=1$. This equation has infinitely many solutions, hence there are infinitely many de Sitter vacua with different physical properties. Only the simplest solution with $T=t$ has been previously studied since it is manifestly homogeneous and isotropic, but it is unstable. However, other solutions could be stable. We require the timelike isometry to be common for both metrics, and this gives physically distinguished solutions since only for them the canonical energy is time-independent. We conjecture that these solutions minimize the energy and are therefore stable. We also show that in some cases solutions can be homogeneous and isotropic in a non-manifest way such that their symmetries are not obvious. All of this suggests that the theory may admit viable cosmologies.
description: 14 pages, 1 figure, references added
Standardizing reverberation-measured C IV time-lag quasars, and using them with standardized Mg II quasars to constrain cosmological parameters
Creators: name: Cao, Shulei
name: Zajaček, Michal
name: Panda, Swayamtrupta
name: Martínez-Aldama, Mary Loli
name: Czerny, Bożena
name: Ratra, Bharat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use 38 C IV quasar (QSO) reverberation-mapped (RM) observations, which span eight orders of magnitude in luminosity and the redshift range $0.001064 \leq z \leq 3.368$, to simultaneously constrain cosmological-model and QSO radius-luminosity ($R-L$) relation parameters in six cosmological models, using an improved technique that more correctly accounts for the asymmetric errors bars of the time-lag measurements. We find that $R-L$ relation parameters are independent of the cosmological models used in the analysis and so the $R-L$ relation can be used to standardize the C IV QSOs. The C IV QSO cosmological constraints are consistent with those from Mg II QSOs, allowing us to derive joint C IV + Mg II QSO cosmological constraints which are consistent with currently accelerated cosmological expansion, as well as consistent with cosmological constraints derived using better-established baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) and Hubble parameter [$H(z)$] measurements. When jointly analyzed with $H(z)$ + BAO data, current C IV + Mg II QSO data mildly tighten current $H(z)$ + BAO data cosmological constraints.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, MNRAS accepted version
Figure S3. Phylogeny of Smilisca clade from Synchronized mating signals in a communication network: the challenge of avoiding predators while attracting mates.
Creators: name: Legett, Henry D.
name: Page, Rachel A.
name: Bernal, Ximena E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Phylogeny of Smilisca clade. Circles following each species name show call timing strategy, assigned based on literature and from call recordings. Open circles indicate non-synchronous calling while a filled circle indicates use of synchronized calls. While S. sordida, sister species of S. sila, are described has having alternating calls, male S. sordida often call in a rapid sequential “domino” pattern that can result in signal overlap. Recordings of each species from the Macaulay Library at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology (catalog number): S. puma (ML194144) S. cyanosticta (ML194131) S. phaeota (ML193677) P. fodiens (ML193959) S. sordida (ML194159) S. sila (ML194145) S. baudinii (ML193667) T. petasatus (ML193835) A. spinosa (NA) T. spatulatus (ML193956)
Quantum speed limits for leakage and decoherence
Creators: name: Marvian, Iman
name: Lidar, Daniel A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce state-independent, non-perturbative Hamiltonian quantum speed limits for population leakage and fidelity loss, for a gapped open system interacting with a reservoir. These results hold in the presence of initial correlations between the system and the reservoir, under the sole assumption that their interaction and its commutator with the reservoir Hamiltonian are norm-bounded. The reservoir need not be thermal and can be time-dependent. We study the significance of energy mismatch between the system and the local degrees of freedom of the reservoir which directly interact with the system. We demonstrate that, in general, by increasing the system gap we may reduce this energy mismatch, and consequently drive the system and the reservoir into resonance, which can accelerate fidelity loss, irrespective of the thermal properties or state of the reservoir. This implies that quantum error suppression strategies based on increasing the gap are not uniformly beneficial. Our speed limits also yield an elementary lower bound on the relaxation time of spin systems.
description: 4 pages+15 pages Supplementary Material, references added, minor edits and clarifications, published version
Lingzhen Wang, Personal Matters: Women's Autobiographical Practice in Twentieth-Century China
Creators: Lupke, Christopher
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2007

This is a review of Lingzhen Wang's book Personal Matters: Women's Autobiographical Practice in Twentieth-century China, an expansive analysis of both the practice of women writing autobiography and the narrative depictions of mother-daughter relationships. Wang's work considers many overlooked masterpieces of the 20th century and is theoretically savvy as well as analytically trenchant. It is a pivotal work of feminist scholarship on modern Chinese writing.
A Regularization Approach for Testing Differential Item Functioning Between Two Groups
Creators: name: Belzak, William
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: A common challenge in the behavioral sciences is evaluating measurement invariance, or whether the measurement properties of a scale are consistent across groups of individuals. When measurement invariance fails at the model level, differential item functioning (DIF) exists. To test for DIF, some item parameters must be assumed invariant across groups while others are tested for differential functioning. When the constrained items are contaminated with DIF, however, Type I error rates are inflated. This has led to the development of procedures that iteratively test for DIF across all items. Iterative testing requires numerous statistical tests and can fail to identify true DIF when the proportion of DIF in a scale is large. We propose a new method for testing DIF that does not rely on iterative testing. We use regularization, a data mining technique that has been used as an alternative to stepwise regression, to more accurately identify DIF. Specifically, we apply the l1 norm penalty (i.e., lasso regularization) to the likelihood function of a two-parameter logistic item response theory model to remove DIF parameters from the model. We refer to this regularization method as Reg-DIF, and compare it to the commonly used likelihood ratio test method (IRT-LR-DIF; Thissen, Steinberg, \& Wainer, 1993) in a two-group DIF analysis. Results show that when there are large amounts of DIF in a scale and sample sizes are large, Reg-DIF has far better control of Type I error than IRT-LR-DIF with little decrement in power. This provides strong evidence that Reg-DIF is a viable alternative for testing DIF.
Intrinsic shapes of Brightest Cluster Galaxies
Creators: name: de Nicola, Stefano
name: Saglia, Roberto P.
name: Thomas, Jens
name: Pulsoni, Claudia
name: Kluge, Matthias
name: Bender, Ralf
name: Valenzuela, Lucas M.
name: Remus, Rhea-Silvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the statistical distribution of galaxy shapes and viewing angles under the assumption of triaxiality by deprojecting observed Surface Brightness (SB) profiles of 56 Brightest Cluster Galaxies coming from a recently published large deep-photometry sample. For the first time, we address this issue by directly measuring axis ratio profiles without limiting ourselves to a statistical analysis of average ellipticities. We show that these objects are strongly triaxial, with triaxiality parameters 0.39 $ \leq T \leq $ 0.72, have on average axis ratios $< p(r) > = $ 0.84 and $< q(r) > =$ 0.68, and are more spherical in the central regions but flatten out at large radii. Measured shapes in the outskirts agree well with the shapes found for simulated massive galaxies and their dark matter halos from both the IllustrisTNG and the Magneticum simulations, possibly probing the nature of dark matter. In contrast, both simulations fail to reproduce the observed inner regions of BCGs, producing too flattened objects.
description: v2, 27 pages, 9 Figures. Published in ApJ, vol. 933, p. 215
(824) Henry Cawthury
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Figure S1. Experimental set-ups from Synchronized mating signals in a communication network: the challenge of avoiding predators while attracting mates
Creators: name: Legett, Henry D.
name: Page, Rachel A.
name: Bernal, Ximena E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Experimental set-ups for the receiver phonotaxis experiments. For the eavesdropper, nontarget receiver experiments (a), three stations of two speakers were positioned 10 m apart. Each of the three speaker stations simultaneously broadcast one of the three treatments: (i) calls at near-perfect synchrony (5 ms of latency), (ii) calls at natural average synchrony (79 ms of latency), or (iii) calls out of synchrony (alternating calls). Eavesdropping midge and bat attraction to the focal speaker (the speaker broadcasting “following” calls) was compared across treatments. For the target receiver experiment (b), two speaker stations were positioned 3 m apart in a 2 m×3 m semi-anechoic chamber. Each station broadcast either (i) synchronized calls (79 ms of latency) or (ii) alternating calls. The near-perfect synchrony treatment (5 ms latency) was not included in the target receiver experiment because the semi-anechoic sound chamber was restricted to 4 speakers (2 speaker station choice tests). Of the two synchrony treatments, calls broadcast with the average latency (79 ms) was chosen.
Magnetization plateaus of an easy-axis Kagomé antiferromagnet with extended interactions
Creators: name: Plat, X.
name: Alet, F.
name: Capponi, S.
name: Totsuka, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties in finite magnetic field of an extended anisotropic XXZ spin-1/2 model on the Kagome lattice, originally introduced by Balents, Fisher, and Girvin [Phys. Rev. B, 65, 224412 (2002)]. The magnetization curve displays plateaus at magnetization m=1/6 and 1/3 when the anisotropy is large. Using low-energy effective constrained models (quantum loop and quantum dimer models), we discuss the nature of the plateau phases, found to be crystals that break discrete rotation and/or translation symmetries. Large-scale quantum Monte-Carlo simulations were carried out in particular for the m=1/6 plateau. We first map out the phase diagram of the effective quantum loop model with an additional loop-loop interaction to find stripe order around the point relevant for the original model as well as a topological Z2 spin liquid. The existence of a stripe crystalline phase is further evidenced by measuring both standard structure factor and entanglement entropy of the original microscopic model.
description: 14 pages, 14 figures
Modeling of optical amplifier waveguide based on silicon nanostructures and rare earth ions doped silica matrix gain media by a finite-difference time-domain method: comparison of achievable gain with Er3+ or Nd3+ ions dopants
Creators: name: Cardin, Julien
name: Fafin, Alexandre
name: Dufour, Christian
name: Gourbilleau, Fabrice
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A comparative study of the gain achievement is performed in a waveguide optical amplifier whose active layer is constituted by a silica matrix containing silicon nanograins acting as sensitizer of either neodymium ions (Nd 3+) or erbium ions (Er 3+). Due to the large difference between population levels characteristic times (ms) and finite-difference time step (10 --17 s), the conventional auxiliary differential equation and finite-difference time-domain (ADE-FDTD) method is not appropriate to treat such systems. Consequently, a new two loops algorithm based on ADE-FDTD method is presented in order to model this waveguide optical amplifier. We investigate the steady states regime of both rare earth ions and silicon nanograins levels populations as well as the electromagnetic field for different pumping powers ranging from 1 to 10 4 mW.mm-2. Furthermore, the three dimensional distribution of achievable gain per unit length has been estimated in this pumping range. The Nd 3+ doped waveguide shows a higher gross gain per unit length at 1064 nm (up to 30 dB.cm-1) than the one with Er 3+ doped active layer at 1532 nm (up to 2 dB.cm-1). Considering the experimental background losses found on those waveguides we demonstrate that a significant positive net gain can only be achieved with the Nd 3+ doped waveguide. The developed algorithm is stable and applicable to optical gain materials with emitters having a wide range of characteristic lifetimes.
description: Photonics West , Feb 2015, San Francisco, United States. S, SPIE Proceedings, 9357 (935709), 2015, Physics and Simulation of Optoelectronic Devices XXIII. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1405.5338
Public Release of A-SLOTH: Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing Halos
Creators: name: Hartwig, Tilman
name: Magg, Mattis
name: Chen, Li-Hsin
name: Tarumi, Yuta
name: Bromm, Volker
name: Glover, Simon C. O.
name: Ji, Alexander P.
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Latif, Muhammad A.
name: Volonteri, Marta
name: Yoshida, Naoki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The semi-analytical model A-SLOTH (Ancient Stars and Local Observables by Tracing Halos) is the first public code that connects the formation of the first stars and galaxies to observables. After several successful projects with this model, we publish the source code and describe the public version in this paper. The model is based on dark matter merger trees that can either be generated based on Extended Press-Schechter theory or that can be imported from dark matter simulations. On top of these merger trees, A-SLOTH applies analytical recipes for baryonic physics to model the formation of both metal-free and metal-poor stars and the transition between them with unprecedented precision and fidelity. A-SLOTH samples individual stars and includes radiative, chemical, and mechanical feedback. It is calibrated based on six observables, such as the optical depth to Thomson scattering, the stellar mass of the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies, the number of extremely-metal poor stars, and the cosmic star formation rate density at high redshift. A-SLOTH has versatile applications with moderate computational requirements. It can be used to constrain the properties of the first stars and high-z galaxies based on local observables, predicts properties of the oldest and most metal-poor stars in the Milky Way, can serve as a subgrid model for larger cosmological simulations, and predicts next-generation observables of the early Universe, such as supernova rates or gravitational wave events.
description: Published in ApJ, 35 pages, video summary can be watched at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_JRT2AsOqg and git repository is available at https://gitlab.com/thartwig/asloth
(818) John Wilkinson Foster
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
One new species of the genus Davainea Blanchard, 1891(Cestoda: Davainiedae, Braun, 1900) from Gallus domesticus at Aurangabad, M.S. India
Creators: name: Shaikh, Ishrat
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Zoology not elsewhere classified

description: This paper contains the description of a new species of genus Davainea (Blanchard,1891). It differs from all the earlier reported species, in having diameter of 0.187; rostellum triangular; rostellar hooks 12 in number, in a single circle, single pronged; neck short, squarish; mature segments rectangular, longer than broad; testes oval, 30-35 (33); cirrus pouch cylindrical at 1/5th region and ovary distinctly bilobed.
Mixing of $η- η'$ in charge-exchange reactions and decays of mesons with heavy quarks
Creators: name: Balitsky, J. V.
name: Kiselev, V. V.
name: Likhoded, A. K.
name: Samoylenko, V. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Involving of elastic rescattering and annihilation of quark-antiquark pairs in a final state allows us to explain a dependence of ratio for cross sections of $η'$ and $η$ mesons versus transfer momentum in charge exchange reactions. We estimate the mixing angle of mesons with isoscalar states of $\bar u u+\bar d d$ and $\bar s s$ of hidden strangeness. The evaluation includes the consistent description of yield ratio for $η'$ and $η$ mesons in decays of $B^0$, $B^0_s$ and $J/ψ$ mesons.
description: 13 pages, 12 figures, revtex4 style; clarifications, argumentations, comments and references added
New extraction of CP violation in b-baryon decays
Creators: name: Geng, Chao-Qiang
name: Jin, Xiang-Nan
name: Liu, Chia-Wei
name: Wei, Zheng-Yi
name: Zhang, Jiabao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study CP violation in b-baryon decays of $Ξ_b^- \to Ξ^- D$ with $D = D^0, \bar{D}^0$ and $D_i~(i=1,2)$. We find that these baryonic decay processes provide an ideal opportunity to measure the weak phase due to the absence of the relative strong phase. Explicitly, we relate $\barρ$ and $\barη$ the CKM elements with the decay rate ratios of $R_i= Γ(Ξ_b^- \to Ξ^-D_{i} ) / Γ( Ξ_b^- \to Ξ^-D^0 )$ without the charge conjugate states. As a complementary, we also examine the decay distributions of $Λ_b \to Λ(\to p π^- ) D$. There are in total 32 decay observables, which can be parameterized by 9 real parameters, allowing the experiments to extract the angle $γ\equiv \arg(-V_{ud}V_{ub}^*/V_{cd}V_{cb}^*)$ in the CKM unitarity triangle. In addition, the feasibilities of the experimental measurements are discussed. We find that $\barρ$ and $\barη$ can be extracted at LHCb Run3 from $Ξ_b^- \to Ξ^- D$, and a full analysis of $Λ_b \to Λ(\to p π^-)D$ is available at LHCb Run4.
description: Accepted by PLB
Club Convergence of House Prices: Evidence from China's Ten Key Cities
Creators: name: Meng, Hao
name: Xie, Wen-Jie
name: Zhou, Wei-Xing
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The latest global financial tsunami and its follow-up global economic recession has uncovered the crucial impact of housing markets on financial and economic systems. The Chinese stock market experienced a markedly fall during the global financial tsunami and China's economy has also slowed down by about 2\%-3\% when measured in GDP. Nevertheless, the housing markets in diverse Chinese cities seemed to continue the almost nonstop mania for more than ten years. However, the structure and dynamics of the Chinese housing market are less studied. Here we perform an extensive study of the Chinese housing market by analyzing ten representative key cities based on both linear and nonlinear econophysical and econometric methods. We identify a common collective driving force which accounts for 96.5\% of the house price growth, indicating very high systemic risk in the Chinese housing market. The ten key cities can be categorized into clubs and the house prices of the cities in the same club exhibit an evident convergence. These findings from different methods are basically consistent with each other. The identified city clubs are also consistent with the conventional classification of city tiers. The house prices of the first-tier cities grow the fastest, and those of the third- and fourth-tier cities rise the slowest, which illustrates the possible presence of a ripple effect in the diffusion of house prices in different cities.
description: 16 Latex pages including 6 figures and 4 tables
Radical Addition and H Abstraction Reactions in C2H2, C2H4 and C2H6: A Gateway for Ethyl and Vinyl Bearing Molecules in the Interstellar Medium
Creators: name: Molpeceres, German
name: Rivilla, Victor M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent interstellar detections include a significant number of molecules containing vinyl (C2H3) and ethyl (C2H5) groups in their structure. For several of these molecules, there is not a clear experimental or theoretical evidence that support their formation from simpler precursors. We carried out a systematic search of viable reactions starting from closed shell hydrocarbons containing two carbon atoms (ethane, C2H6; ethylene, C2H4; and acetylene, C2H2) with the goal of determining viable chemical routes for the formation of vinyl and ethyl molecules on top of interstellar dust grains. Our results show that both H and OH radicals are key in converting acetylene and ethylene into more complex radicals that are susceptible to continue reacting and forming interstellar complex organic molecules. The relevant reactions, for example OH additions, present rate constants above 10$^{1}$ s$^{-1}$ that are likely competitive with OH diffusion on grains. Similarly, H atom addition to acetylene and ethylene is a very fast process with rate constants above 10$^{4}$ s$^{-1}$ in all cases, and greatly enhanced by quantum tunneling. Hydrogen abstraction reactions are less relevant, but may play a role in specific cases involving the OH radical. Reactions with other radicals NH2, CH3 are likely to have a much lesser impact in the chemistry of ethyl and vinyl bearing molecules.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Supporting structures available (see text). Numerical values of the rate constants are provided as supplementary data
Quantum frictionless trajectories versus geodesics
Creators: name: Barbado, Luis C.
name: Barceló, Carlos
name: Garay, Luis J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Moving particles outside a star will generally experience quantum friction caused by the Unruh radiation reaction. There exist however radial trajectories that lack this effect (in the outgoing radiation sector, and ignoring backscattering). Along these trajectories, observers perceive just stellar emission, without further contribution from the Unruh effect. They turn out to have the property that the variations of the Doppler and the gravitational shifts compensate each other. They are not geodesics, and their proper acceleration obeys an inverse square law, which means that it could in principle be generated by outgoing stellar radiation. In the case of a black hole emitting Hawking radiation, this may lead to a buoyancy scenario. The ingoing radiation sector has little effect and seems to slow down the fall even further.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
The growth of operator entropy in operator growth
Creators: name: Fan, Zhong-Ying
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study upper bounds on the growth of operator entropy $S_K$ in operator growth. Using uncertainty relation, we first prove a dispersion bound on the growth rate $|\partial_t S_K|\leq 2b_1 ΔS_K$, where $b_1$ is the first Lanczos coefficient and $ΔS_K$ is the variance of $S_K$. However, for irreversible process, this bound generally turns out to be too loose at long times. We further find a tighter bound in the long time limit using a universal logarithmic relation between Krylov complexity and operator entropy. The new bound describes the long time behavior of operator entropy very well for physically interesting cases, such as chaotic systems and integrable models.
description: minor corrections,19 pages, 4 figures
Table S1. Tukey comparisons from Synchronized mating signals in a communication network: the challenge of avoiding predators while attracting mates
Creators: name: Legett, Henry D.
name: Page, Rachel A.
name: Bernal, Ximena E.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour

description: Tukey comparisons for bat attacks on pug-nosed tree frog (a) and túngara frog (b) calls, and midges attracted to pug-nosed tree frog (c) and túngara frog (d) calls. Table corresponds to Fig. 3a-d. The values for least squares means estimate, standard error, z-value, and p-value were calculated using the emmeans R package. Cohn's d effect size was calculated using the lsr R package.
Differential Expression of Program Death Ligand 1 in Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia
Creators: name: Lim, Si On
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: The objective of the study was to evaluate the expression of program death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in lesions of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL).  Eight PVL patients with both low- and high-risk lesions were selected.  Their archived biopsy specimens were retrieved from the UNC School of Dentistry Oral Pathology Laboratory.  Amalgam tattoo biopsy specimens were selected as control.  Immunohistochemistry for PD-L1 was performed on tissue sections. The proportion of epithelial cells expressing PD-L1 was scored.       The interobserver agreement for PD-L1 scoring was very good (ICC=0.94).  All sixteen controls showed no PD-L1 expression.  One of 12 low-risk lesions and 15 of 18 high-risk lesions showed ≥1% PD-L1 expression.  There was an association between the risk groups and PD-L1 expression (p=0.004), and the odds ratio of high-risk lesions having ≥1% PD-L1 expression was 54.  Our results suggest that anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy may be beneficial for patients with PVL who develop high-risk lesions.
(819) Elizabeth [Foster]
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Vibrational relaxation and triggering of the non-equilibrium vibrational decomposition of CO$_2$ in gas discharges
Creators: name: Kotov, Vladislav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-equilibrium vibrational dissociation of CO$_2$ at low translational-rotational temperatures $T$ is investigated computationally for conditions of microwave induced plasmas. Semi-analytic treatment of vibrational relaxation in CO$_2$ in shock tube and acoustic experiments is summarized. A state-to-state vibrational kinetics model applied for the simulations is benchmarked and adjusted to the relaxation times obtained in gas dynamic experiments. The governing parameter $Q/n^2_0$ has been introduced, where $Q$ is the specific volumetric power coupled in plasma and $n_0$ is the initial number density of CO$_2$. The modelling results indicate a rapid increase of the rate of the primary dissociation process CO$_2$ + M $\to$ CO + O + M when $Q/n^2_0$ exceeds some critical value. A simple analytic calculation of $\left( Q/n^2_0 \right)_{crit}$ is proposed which agrees well with the numerical results. At $T$=300 K the estimated $\left( Q/n^2_0 \right)_{crit} \eqsim 6\cdot10^{-40}$~W$\cdot$m$^3$.
A New Faint Milky Way Satellite Discovered in the Pan-STARRS1 3 pi Survey
Creators: name: Laevens, Benjamin P. M.
name: Martin, Nicolas F.
name: Ibata, Rodrigo A.
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Bernard, Édouard J.
name: Bell, Eric F.
name: Sesar, Branimir
name: Ferguson, Annette M. N.
name: Schlafly, Edward F.
name: Slater, Colin T.
name: Burgett, William S.
name: Chambers, Kenneth C.
name: Flewelling, Heather
name: Hodapp, Klaus A.
name: Kaiser, Nicholas
name: Kudritzki, Rolf-Peter
name: Lupton, Robert H.
name: Magnier, Eugene A.
name: Metcalfe, Nigel
name: Morgan, Jeffrey S.
name: Price, Paul A.
name: Tonry, John L.
name: Wainscoat, Richard J.
name: Waters, Christopher
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the discovery of a faint Milky Way satellite, Laevens 2/Triangulum II, found in the Panoramic Survey Telescope And Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS 1) 3 pi imaging data and confirmed with follow-up wide-field photometry from the Large Binocular Cameras. The stellar system, with an absolute magnitude of M_V=-1.8 +/-0.5, a heliocentric distance of 30 +2/-2 kpc, and a half-mass radius of 34 +9/-8 pc, shows remarkable similarity to faint, nearby, small satellites such as Willman 1, Segue 1, Segue 2, and Boötes II. The discovery of Laevens 2/Triangulum II further populates the region of parameter space for which the boundary between dwarf galaxies and globular clusters becomes tenuous. Follow-up spectroscopy will ultimately determine the nature of this new satellite, whose spatial location hints at a possible connection with the complex Triangulum-Andromeda stellar structures.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication by ApjL
A Uniform Retrieval Analysis of Ultra-cool Dwarfs. IV. A Statistical Census from 50 Late-T Dwarfs
Creators: name: Zalesky, Joseph A
name: Saboi, Kezman
name: Line, Michael R.
name: Zhang, Zhoujian
name: Schneider, Adam C
name: Liu, Michael C
name: Best, William M J
name: Marley, Mark S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectra of brown dwarfs are key to exploring the chemistry and physics that take place in their atmospheres. Late-T dwarf spectra are particularly diagnostic due to their relatively cloud-free atmospheres and deep molecular bands. With the use of powerful atmospheric retrieval tools applied to the spectra of these objects, direct constraints on molecular/atomic abundances, gravity, and vertical thermal profiles can be obtained enabling a broad exploration of the chemical/physical mechanisms operating in their atmospheres. We present a uniform retrieval analysis on low-resolution IRTF SpeX near-IR spectra of a sample of 50 T dwarfs, including new observations as part of a recent volume-limited survey. This analysis more than quadruples the sample of T dwarfs with retrieved temperature profiles and abundances (H$_2$O, CH$_4$, NH$_3$, K and subsequent C/O and metallicities). We are generally able to constrain effective temperatures to within 50K, volume mixing ratios for major species to within 0.25dex, atmospheric metallicities [M/H] to within 0.2, and C/O ratios to within 0.2. We compare our retrieved constraints on the thermal structure, chemistry, and gravities of these objects with predictions from self-consistent radiative-convective equilibrium models and find, in general though with substantial scatter, consistency with solar composition chemistry and thermal profiles of the neighboring stellar FGK population. Objects with notable discrepancies between the two modeling techniques and potential mechanisms for their differences, be they related to modeling approach or physically motivated, are discussed more thoroughly in the text.
description: 21 pages, 11 figures
EOSC-Pillar D6.2 - Demonstrators and success stories from the use cases
Creators: name: Rizzo, Alessandro
name: Pierkot, Christelle
name: Vernet, Marine
name: Sudre, Joël
name: von Hartrott, Philipp
name: Berberi, Lisana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Science
EOSC
FAIR data

description: This deliverable, D6.2 “Demonstrators and success stories from the Use cases” has been structured as a handbook and guidelines for end-users around the demonstrators delivered by the Use cases involved in the WP6 EOSC-Pillar project. The description of each demonstrator has been focused on the following points: the objective, the targeted users, a summary of their provided services and user guidelines, and finally how the services proposed will be integrated into the EOSC, if this is already applicable. In reason of a six-months extension for the WP6, the deadline to submit the demonstrators shifted from M24 to M30. The present version describes the version of demonstrators available at M30. Even if it is not fully complete at least for some of the demonstrators introduced, it can be considered as an intermediate version to be used for integration and testing towards Users’ communities, as it has been scheduled until the end of the project at M42. This document is a living document and it will be updated following advances of those Use cases that expressed the need to have more time for technical improvement of their demonstrators as it is described in the second amendment to the project. An updated version will be available following ongoing progress of demonstrators’ implementation, deploying functionalities, achieving results. These elements will be addressed into the final deliverable of the WP6 EOSC-Pillar project. Learn more about the EOSC-Pillar use cases on the website: https://www.eosc-pillar.eu/use-cases