cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Model for Volatility of Returns and Option Pricing
Creators: name: McCauley, Joseph L.
name: Gunaratne, Gemunu H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: G.3; J.1

description: In a seminal paper in 1973, Black and Scholes argued how expected distributions of stock prices can be used to price options. Their model assumed a directed random motion for the returns and consequently a lognormal distribution of asset prices after a finite time. We point out two problems with their formulation. First, we show that the option valuation is not uniquely determined; in particular, stratergies based on the delta-hedge and CAMP (Capital Asset Pricing Model) are shown to provide different valuations of an option. Second, asset returns are known not to be Gaussian distributed. Empirically, distributions of returns are seen to be much better approximated by an exponential distribution. This exponential distribution of asset prices can be used to develop a new pricing model for options that is shown to provide valuations that agree very well with those used by traders. We show how the Fokker-Planck formulation of fluctuations (i.e., the dynamics of the distribution) can be modified to provide an exponential distribution for returns. We also show how a singular volatility can be used to go smoothly from exponential to Gaussian returns and thereby illustrate why exponential returns cannot be reached perturbatively starting from Gaussian ones, and explain how the theory of 'stochastic volatility' can be obtained from our model by making a bad approximation. Finally, we show how to calculate put and call prices for a stretched exponential density.
description: 4 figures; 1 table
Frequency-dependent time lags in the X-ray emission of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469
Creators: name: Papadakis, I. E.
name: Nandra, K.
name: Kazanas, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of time lags in the cross-spectra of the X-ray light curves of the Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469. This behavior is common in Galactic black hole and neutron star binaries, and is in the sense that harder X-rays are delayed with respect to the soft with a time lag approximately proportional to the Fourier period. At the longest period probed by our observation we find a time lag of approximately 3.5 hours between the 2-4 and 4-10 keV X-rays. A similar lag and period dependence is found comparing the 2-4 and 10-15 keV light curves, albeit with less significance. We find the coherence function of the light curves to be close to 1. The implications of these results for the X-ray production mechanism in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is discussed.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted for Publication in ApJL
High-dimensional covariance estimation with applications to functional genomics
Creators: name: Gray, Harry
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Covariance
high-dimensional
linear shrinkage
probabilistic principal component analysis
bayesian

description: Covariance matrix estimation plays a central role in statistical analyses. In molecular biology, for instance, covariance estimation facilitates the identification of dependence structures between molecular variables that shed light on the underlying biological processes. However, covariance estimation is generally difficult because high-throughput molecular experiments often generate high-dimensional and noisy data, possibly with missing values. In such context, there is a need to develop scalable and robust estimation methods that can improve inference by, for example, taking advantage of the many sources of external information available in public repositories. This thesis introduces novel methods and software for estimating covariance matrices from high-dimensional data. Chapter 2 introduces a flexible and scalable Bayesian linear shrinkage covariance estimator. This accommodates multiple shrinkage target matrices, allowing the incorporation of external information from an arbitrary number of sources. It is also less sensitive to target misspecification and can outperform state-of-the-art single-target linear shrinkage estimators. Chapter 3 explores a dimensionality reduction approach --- probabilistic principal component analysis --- as a model-based covariance estimation method that can handle missing values. By assuming a low-dimensional latent structure, this is particularly useful when the inverse covariance is required (e.g. network inference). All of our methods are implemented as well-documented open-source R libraries. Finally, Chapter 4 presents a case study using a dataset of cytokine expression in patients with traumatic brain injury. Studies of this type are crucial to researching the inflammatory response in the brain and potential patient recovery. However, due to the difficulties in patient recruitment, they result in high-dimensional datasets with relatively low sample sizes. We show how our methods can facilitate the multivariate analysis of cytokines across time and different treatment regimes.
description: Wellcome Trust 4 year PhD studentship for Mathematical Genomics and Medicine
The role of photon scattering in shaping the lightcurves and spectra of gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Lazzati, Davide
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the power spectra of the lightcurves of long gamma-ray bursts, dividing the sample in bins of luminosity, using the recently discovered variability-luminosity correlation. We find that the value of the variability parameter strongly correlates with the frequency that contains most of the power in the burst comoving frame. We compute the average power spectra in luminosity bins. The average power spectrum is well described by a broken power-low and the break frequency is a function of the variability parameter, while the two slopes are roughly constant. This allow us to conclude that scattering processes do not play a relevant role in modelling the lightcurves. We finally discuss in which conditions scattering may still play a relevant role in shaping the spectra of GRBs.
description: Minor changes according to referee comments. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Supplementary figures and tables from Gravity and active acceleration limit the ability of killer flies (Coenosia attenuata) to steer towards prey when attacking from above
Creators: name: Rossoni, S.
name: S. T. Fabian
name: G. P. Sutton
name: Gonzalez-Bellido, P. T.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 110601 Biomechanics
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: This document includes 6 supplementary figures and 1 table, supporting the statements made in the main manuscript
Clairvillia Robineau-Desvoidy 1830
Creators: name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
name: O'Hara, James E.
name: Pape, Thomas
name: Pont, Adrian C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Tachinidae
Clairvillia

description: 106. Clairvillia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 234.
 ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Ocyptera pusilla Meigen, 1824 (with Ocyptera cylindrica Fallén, 1815 [as “ Ocyptera cylindrica. Fall. Ocyptera pusilla. Meig.”] in synonymy).
 TYPE SPECIES: Tachina biguttata Meigen, 1824, by fixation of O’Hara & Wood (2004: 223) under ICZN Code Article 70.3.2, misidentified as Ocyptera pusilla Meigen, 1824 in the fixation by monotypy of Robineau-Desvoidy (1830: 234).
 CURRENT STATUS: Valid genus [teste Herting & Dely-Draskovits (1993: 421)].
FAMILY: TACHINIDAE.
description: Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., O'Hara, James E., Pape, Thomas & Pont, Adrian C., 2010, 2373, pp. 1-265 in Zootaxa 2373 on page 57
Looking Beyond the Number of Repetitions: An Observational Cross-Sectional Study on Calf Raise Test Outcomes in Children Aged 10–17 Years
Creators: name: Hébert-Losier, Kim
name: Pandit, Yash
name: Wilson, Oliver W. A.
name: Clarke, Jenny
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy

description: The calf raise test (CRT) assesses plantarflexor strength and endurance, but normative data for children are scarce. Furthermore, contradictions exist on which factors are associated with total repetitions, with repetitions being the only metric considered. We quantified three of the main CRT outcomes (repetitions, total work, and peak height) in children 10–17 years and explored their relationship with various factors. Healthy children (n = 165, 50.3% female) completed single-legged calf raises on a 10° incline, once on each leg. Test outcomes were extracted using the valid and reliable Calf Raise application. CRT outcomes were not significantly different between legs (p ≥ .19). The only covariates significantly associated with outcomes based on stepwise quantile regressions were body mass index centile for repetitions, meeting physical activity recommendations for total work and peak height, and age for total work. Outcomes did not significantly differ based on sex or maturation. Median values were around 26 for repetitions, 640–1460 J for total work (age dependent), and 10.1 cm for peak height for children meeting physical activity recommendations. Children who were older, had lower body mass indices, and were more active exhibited superior CRT outcomes. Meeting physical activity recommendations appears beneficial for plantarflexor function and should continue to be prioritized in children.
Model-based process design of a ternary protein separation using multi-step gradient ion-exchange SMB chromatography
Creators: name: He, Qiao-Le
name: von Lieres, Eric
name: Sun, Zhaoxi
name: Zhao, Liming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Model-based process design of ion-exchange simulated moving bed (IEX-SMB) chromatography for center-cut separation of proteins is studied. Use of nonlinear binding models that describe more accurate adsorption behaviours of macro-molecules could make it impossible to utilize triangle theory to obtain operating parameters. Moreover, triangle theory provides no rules to design salt profiles in IEX-SMB. In the modelling study here, proteins (i.e., ribonuclease, cytochrome and lysozyme) on the chromatographic columns packed with strong cation-exchanger SP Sepharose FF is used as an example system. The general rate model with steric mass-action kinetics was used; two closed-loop IEX-SMB network schemes were investigated (i.e., cascade and eight-zone schemes). Performance of the IEX-SMB schemes was examined with respect to multi-objective indicators (i.e., purity and yield) and productivity, and compared to a single column batch system with the same amount of resin utilized. A multi-objective sampling algorithm, Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), was used to generate samples for constructing the Pareto optimal fronts. MCMC serves on the sampling purpose, which is interested in sampling the Pareto optimal points as well as those near Pareto optimal. Pareto fronts of the three schemes provide the full information of trade-off between the conflicting indicators of purity and yield. The results indicate the cascade IEX-SMB scheme and the integrated eight-zone IEX-SMB scheme have the similar performance that both outperforms the single column batch system.
description: 26 pages, 14 figures, 7 tables
The pionic beta decay in chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Cirigliano, V.
name: Knecht, M.
name: Neufeld, H.
name: Pichl, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the framework of chiral perturbation theory with virtual photons and leptons, we present an updated analysis of the pionic beta decay including all electromagnetic contributions of order e**2 p**2. We discuss the extraction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vud| from experimental data. The method employed here is consistent with the analogous treatment of the Kl3 decays and the determination of |Vus|.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, latex file, uses EPJC macros
Dual discounting in forest sector climate change mitigation
Creators: name: Sjølie, H.
name: Latta, G.
name: Solberg, B.
name: Sjølie, H.
name: Latta, G.
name: Solberg, B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Climate policies
subject: boreal forests
subject: economics
subject: partial equilibrium
subject: forest sector modeling
subject: discounting

description: Discussions regarding the efficiency of climate change mitigation efforts are predicated on future costs and benefits and thus heavily influenced by discounting. One such regime, dual discounting, involves discounting carbon values differently from non-carbon values; the argument being that environmental values are becoming scarcer and thus should not be subject to regular discounting. Previous stand-level analyses show that discounting carbon with a lower rate than non-carbon values improves the profitability of forest-based climate change mitigation projects such as afforestation. We challenge this result for cases where the forest has initial carbon stock. Using the national forest inventories of Norway and a partial, spatial equilibrium model of the Norwegian forest sector, we find that discounting carbon less than non-carbon values increases harvest and consequently decreases carbon sequestration in the short term. Lowering the carbon discount rate leads to more investments in forestry and thereby substantially higher long-term climate change mitigation efforts.
Nuclear Spin Superradiance
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The review of experimental and main theoretical works on the phenomenon of nuclear spin superradiance is given. The content includes: 1. Introduction, 2. Experimental Observation, 3. Basic Model, 4. Evolution Equations, 5. Nyquist Noise, 6. Incoherent Stage, 7. Transient Superradiance, 8. Pulsing Superradiance, 9. Hyperfine Interactions, 10. Radiation Intensity, 11. Applications, 12. References
description: 32 pages, Latex, 3 figures
Criteria for reachability of quantum states
Creators: name: Schirmer, S. G.
name: Solomon, A. I.
name: Leahy, J. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the question of which quantum states can be inter-converted under the action of a time-dependent Hamiltonian. In particular, we consider the problem applied to mixed states, and investigate the difference between pure and mixed-state controllability introduced in previous work. We provide a complete characterization of the eigenvalue spectrum for which the state is controllable under the action of the symplectic group. We also address the problem of which states can be prepared if the dynamical Lie group is not sufficiently large to allow the system to be controllable.
description: 14 pages, IoP LaTeX, first author has moved to Cambridge university (sgs29@cam.ac.uk)
An all-sky study of compact, isolated high-velocity clouds
Creators: name: de Heij, V.
name: Braun, R.
name: Burton, W. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We combine the catalogs of compact high-velocity HI clouds extracted from the LDS and HIPASS surveys and analyze the all-sky properties of the ensemble. Five principal observables are defined for the CHVC population: (1) the spatial deployment of the objects on the sky, (2) the kinematic distribution, (3) the number distribution of observed HI column densities, (4) the number distribution of angular sizes, and (5) the number distribution of HI linewidth. Two classes of models are considered to reproduce the observed properties. The agreement of models with the data is judged by extracting these same observables from simulations, in a manner consistent with the sensitivities of the observations and explicitly taking account of Galactic obscuration. We show that models in which the CHVCs are the HI counterparts of dark-matter halos evolving in the Local Group potential provide a good match to the observables. The best-fitting populations have a maximum HI mass of 10^7 M_Sun a power-law slope of the HI mass distribution in the range -1.7 to -1.8, and a Gaussian dispersion for their spatial distributions of between 150 and 200 kpc centered on both the Milky Way and M31. Given its greater mean distance, only a small fraction of the M31 sub-population is predicted to have been detected in present surveys. An empirical model for an extended Galactic halo distribution for the CHVCs is also considered. While reproducing some aspects of the population, this class of models does not account for some key systematic features of the population.
description: 39 pages, 29 (low res.) png figs, accepted for pub. in A&A
O-MedAL: Online Active Deep Learning for Medical Image Analysis
Creators: name: Smailagic, Asim
name: Costa, Pedro
name: Gaudio, Alex
name: Khandelwal, Kartik
name: Mirshekari, Mostafa
name: Fagert, Jonathon
name: Walawalkar, Devesh
name: Xu, Susu
name: Galdran, Adrian
name: Zhang, Pei
name: Campilho, Aurélio
name: Noh, Hae Young
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Active Learning methods create an optimized labeled training set from unlabeled data. We introduce a novel Online Active Deep Learning method for Medical Image Analysis. We extend our MedAL active learning framework to present new results in this paper. Our novel sampling method queries the unlabeled examples that maximize the average distance to all training set examples. Our online method enhances performance of its underlying baseline deep network. These novelties contribute significant performance improvements, including improving the model's underlying deep network accuracy by 6.30%, using only 25% of the labeled dataset to achieve baseline accuracy, reducing backpropagated images during training by as much as 67%, and demonstrating robustness to class imbalance in binary and multi-class tasks.
description: Code: https://github.com/adgaudio/o-medal ; Accepted and published by Wiley Journal of Pattern Recognition and Knowledge Discovery ; Journal URL: https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1353
Participatory Forest Management in Tanzania and livelihoods of rural people – evidence from 12 villages
Creators: name: Skeie, K.
name: Burgess, N.
name: Chamshama, S.
name: Kajembe, G.
name: Lund, J.F.
name: Meilby, Henrik
name: Ngaga, Y.
name: Ngowi, S.
name: Njana, M.
name: Theilade, I.
name: Treue, T.
name: Skeie, K.
name: Burgess, N.
name: Chamshama, S.
name: Kajembe, G.
name: Lund, J.F.
name: Meilby, Henrik
name: Ngaga, Y.
name: Ngowi, S.
name: Njana, M.
name: Theilade, I.
name: Treue, T.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Land Economics/Use

description: Participatory Forest Management (PFM) in Tanzania aims to improve forest condition, livelihoods for local people and natural resources governance at the village level. Using data collected from 12 villages and forest areas with (n=10) and without (n=2) participatory forest management across eastern Tanzania we aim to assess how livelihoods of villagers compare between forest management regimes. Data show that most villagers across the study sites are poor, with small numbers of wealthier people. There is little overall income variation across forests under PFM, but there is considerable variation of benefits from the PFM forest between village wealth classes. Richer village members are able to secure preferential access to the PFM forest and utilise it (or benefit from issuing licences) for livestock keeping (in drier forests), charcoal production (close to access routes to towns), and harvesting (where high value timber remains). Data suggest that the PFM approach has made certain sectors of the community more wealthy, typically those setting the rules and enforcing them. But they also indicate that the overall impacts across the community are marginal – and may be negative for the poorest community members.
MOESM1 of Mendelâ s pea crosses: varieties, traits and statistics
Creators: name: T. Ellis
name: Hofer, Julie
name: Swain, Martin
name: Dijk, Peter
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Additional file 1: Tabulated data. Variety descriptions and character segregation from [27] pea variety list and Mendelâ s segregation ratios.
Additional file 1 of RhANP attenuates endotoxin-derived cognitive dysfunction through subdiaphragmatic vagus nerve-mediated gut microbiota–brain axis
Creators: name: Wu, Yuming
name: Zhang, Yujing
name: Xie, Bing
name: Abdelgawad, Amro
name: Chen, Xiaoyan
name: Han, Mengqi
name: Shang, You
name: Yuan, Shiying
name: Zhang, Jiancheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Effects of prophylactic or therapeutic use of rhANP on spleen weight, plasma inflammatory cytokines and cognitive function after LPS-triggered endotoxemia. a Treatment schedule. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 5 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline (10 ml/kg). Recombinant human ANP (rhANP; 1.0 mg/kg) or 0.9% saline (10 ml/kg) were intraperitoneally injected to mice at 24 h before or 10 min after LPS injection. Spleen and plasma were collected 24 h after injection of LPS or 0.9% saline. b Spleen weight (one-way ANOVA: F3,36 = 7.004, P = 0.0008). c The ratio of spleen weight/body weight (one-way ANOVA: F3,36 = 8.996, P = 0.0001). Plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-6 (d; F3,36 = 13.93, P < 0.0001), IL-17A (e; one-way ANOVA: F3,36 = 6.195, P = 0.0017), interferon (IFN)-γ (f; one-way ANOVA: F3,36 = 3.903, P = 0.0164) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (g; one-way ANOVA: F3,36 = 8.209, P < 0.0001) in each group. (h) The latency of mice to eat food in the buried food test (one-way ANOVA: F3,36 = 8.162, P = 0.0003). Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 10/group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.0001; N.S. not significant. Fig. S2. Effects of ANA-12 on the activation of TrkB/BDNF signaling in the hippocampus. a Treatment schedule. Mice were intraperitoneally injected with lipopolysaccharides (LPS, 5 mg/kg). Recombinant human ANP (rhANP; 1.0 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected to mice at 24 h before and 10 min after LPS injection. ANA-12 (0.5mg/kg) or 17% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) was administrated 30 min prior to rhANP treatment. Western blot analysis of phosphorylated/total tyrosine kinase receptor B ratio (p-TrkB/t-total; b), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF; c) in the hippocampus 24 h after injection of LPS. Data are shown as mean ± SEM, n = 10/group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01.
The interplay between business model innovation and eco- efficiency for manufacturing enterprises
Creators: name: LI, YAN
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Business model innovation
Eco-efficiency
Capability

description: The concept of eco-efficiency can be a useful concept to link an enterprise’s business with sustainable development as well as achieving long-term profits (Schaltegger and Sturm, 1990; Madden et al., 2006). The business model has the potential to create value and capture value for companies, which is critical for their sustainable development (Teece, 2010). Extant literature reveals that there is a need to study business model innovation and eco-efficiency under one text to achieve a win-win rationale to increase profits while reducing environmental impact (Côté et al., 2006; Kabongo and Boiral, 2017). However, the researcher has identified that no current literature connects business model innovation and eco-efficiency effectively. This research aims to explore How do manufacturing enterprises innovate their business model to realise eco-efficiency? In order to answer this research question, a qualitative approach was selected with an exploratory sequential research design. This research stands at the interpretivism philosophical position. Fourteen in-depth case studies were carried out in five countries. This research contributes a new taxonomy, which uncovers the internal mechanisms of eco- efficient companies, namely, intrinsic eco-efficient company and supplemental eco-efficient company. The second outcome of the research is an integrated view of business model innovation and eco-efficiency. This novel finding links business model innovation theory and eco-efficiency theory under one context. Three relationships are identified, which are concluded as: (1) Contradiction, (2) Correlation and (3) Acceleration effects. Thirdly, a new theory of capability is generated. Six capabilities to help companies innovate their business models to implement eco-efficiency are identified, namely, Management of resource constraints, Strategic adaptation, Management of human resource, Technological innovation, R&D on material properties, and Internal and external collaboration. A dynamic view of capability is proposed accordingly. Fourthly, an emergent theoretical framework is proposed to generate a holistic view to answer the research question. Theoretically, this research contributes to knowledge on business model innovation for eco- efficiency, especially in the capability dimension. Practically, the findings have the potential to instruct industry practitioners towards a better understanding of the capabilities to innovate their business model and realise eco-efficiency.
MOESM3 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibiting a modified route for uptake and catabolism of glycerol forms significant amounts of ethanol from this carbon source considered as ‘non-fermentable’
Creators: name: Aßkamp, Maximilian
name: Klein, Mathias
name: Nevoigt, Elke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 3. List of all primers used in this study.
Molecular Mechanisms Controlling the Development and Evolution of the Human Cerebral Cortex
Creators: name: Strano, Alessio
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Pluripotent Stem Cells
Directed Differentiation
Evolution
Primate
Developmental Biology
Developmental Neurobiology
Cortical Development
Cerebral cortex
Single cell RNA-sequencing
CRISPR

description: The cerebral cortex is a major integrative centre of the human brain and implements critical functions including sensory processing, motor control, attention, higher cognition, and consciousness. The cortex has expanded during human evolution to contain approximately 16 billion neurons, the highest number of any terrestrial mammal. This is partly due to primate-specific and human-specific changes in the patterns of cortical progenitor proliferation and differentiation during development. The relative inaccessibility of human and primate cortical development has however hindered the study of the molecular mechanisms which underly it and are responsible for human cortical expansion. The advent of pluripotent stem cell (PSC) derived models of human and non-human primate corticogenesis has revolutionised the study of human cortical development, enabling the characterisation of cell-autonomous developmental mechanisms, comparative studies with more closely related species, and experimental testing of hypotheses on gene function and regulation. In the work presented here, I firstly examine the pathways that specify the generation of cortical or neighbouring developmental fates in such an in vitro cortical model, finding them to be similar to those which pattern the developing brain. Secondly, I use knockdown and overexpression experiments as well as newly obtained and published bulk and single-cell RNA-sequencing data from human and macaque cortical progenitors to investigate how gene expression levels regulate cell-autonomous differences in progenitor proliferation and developmental timing between the two species. Finally, I identify hundreds of genes which regulate human cortical progenitor output through a genome-wide CRISPR-knockout screen in an in vitro model of cortical development. Overall, this work advances our understanding of how PSC-derived models can be used to study human cortical development and their limitations, identifies genes which regulate human cortical progenitor proliferation and differentiation, and proposes testable hypotheses of the molecular mechanisms by which differential gene expression may contribute to the evolutionary expansion of the human cerebral cortex.
Gravitational Lens Statistics and The Density Profile of Dark Halos
Creators: name: Takahashi, Ryuichi
name: Chiba, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the influence of the inner profile of lens objects on gravitational lens statistics taking into account of the effect of magnification bias and both the evolution and the scatter of halo profiles. We take the dark halos as the lens objects and consider the following three models for the density profile of dark halos; SIS (singular isothermal sphere), the NFW (Navarro Frenk White) profile, and the generalized NFW profile which has a different slope at smaller radii. The mass function of dark halos is assumed to be given by the Press-Schechter function. We find that magnification bias for the NFW profile is order of magnitude larger than that for SIS. We estimate the sensitivity of the lensing probability of distant sources to the inner profile of lenses and to the cosmological parameters. It turns out that the lensing probability is strongly dependent on the inner density profile as well as on the cosmological constant. We compare the predictions with the largest observational sample, the Cosmic Lens All-Sky Survey. The absence or presence of large splitting events in larger surveys currently underway such as the 2dF and SDSS could set constraints on the inner density profile of dark halos.
description: 22 pages, minor changes and references added, accepted for publication in ApJ
Structural evolution during the plastic deformation of nanostructured steel
Creators: name: El-Fallah, Gebril
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: Nanostructured bainite
Thermodynamic stability
Tensile tests
Austenite reversion
TRIP Work hardening
Nucleation
kinetics
Intermetallic compounds
Dilatometry
Toughness
Strength
NiAl
Deformation
Cementite precipitation
Mechanical stability
Charpy impact
Fracture toughness
Kinetics of the bainite transformation

description: Nanostructured bainitic steels represent a major advance in technology, because it is now possible to produce very large quantities of three-dimensional objects containing an incredible density of interfaces. This can be done at a reasonable cost so that thousands of tonnes can actually be produced. The nanostructure usually is a mixture of slender plates of bainitic ferrite embedded in a matrix of carbon enriched austenite. This austenite is stable under ambient conditions but can decompose into a mixture of ferrite and carbides at temperatures in the vicinity of 400°C. However previous research has discovered that it is possible to make the alloys heat resistant either by increasing the silicon concentration which makes carbides less stable, or by adding solutes that increase the thermodynamic stability of the austenite. The purpose of the work presented in the thesis was to examine the stability of the steels using a variety of characterisation techniques. It is discovered for example that austenite can actually grow at temperatures as low as 400°C in one of the alloys, and dramatically influence the resulting mechanical properties. This has been studied systematically and modelled mathematically to show the different kinds of behaviour that occur when mechanical properties are measured at temperature. In the alloy variant that does not contain nickel as an austenite stabilising element, it is the precipitation of carbides at relatively high testing temperatures that leads to a significant deterioration of properties. The temperature at which this occurs is much higher than in “conventional” nanostructured steels. In another scenario it has been demonstrated that it is possible to precipitate intermetallic compounds which then influence the progress of transformation. Detailed kinetic measurements and microscopy have shown that the intermetallic compounds influence kinetics either by depleting the parent phase from certain solutes, or by stimulating the intragranular nucleation of bainitic ferrite. The major outcome of this work is that there is a new understanding of the thermal stability of high silicon or high nickel bulk nanostructured bainitic steel. In addition, it is possible now to specify the optimum stability of the austenite in the nanostructure with respect to achieving the best mechanical property combi- nations.
description: Libyan Higher Education and Scientific Research
Nucleon quasi-Parton Distributions in the large N$_c$ limit
Creators: name: Son, Hyeon-Dong
name: Tandogan, Asli
name: Polyakov, Maxim V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter, we investigate the nucleon quasi-parton distribution functions in the chiral quark soliton model. We derive a set of sum-rules depending on the velocity of the nucleon and on the Dirac matrix defining the distribution functions. We present numerical results for the isosinglet unpolarized distribution, in which we find that the anti-quark distribution breaks the positivity condition at nucleon velocities $v\approx 0.99\;(P_N\approx 7.0 M_N)$ and smaller. We found that, for the isosinglet unpolarized case, a large nucleon momentum is required for the quasi-parton distribution to get close enough to the usual parton distribution function.
description: 11 pages, 3 figures, references added; version to appear in Physics Letters B
Chlorina Robineau-Desvoidy 1830
Creators: name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
name: O'Hara, James E.
name: Pape, Thomas
name: Pont, Adrian C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Anthomyiidae
Chlorina

description: 100. Chlorina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 602.
 ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Chlorina thoracica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830; Chlorina phyllioidea Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (as “ Chlorina phyllioïdea. R. D.”).
 TYPE SPECIES: Chlorina thoracica Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Anthomyia solennis Meigen, 1826], by subsequent designation (Coquillett, 1910: 522).
 CURRENT STATUS: Junior synonym of Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [teste Dely-Draskovits (1993: 76)].
FAMILY: ANTHOMYIIDAE.
description: Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., O'Hara, James E., Pape, Thomas & Pont, Adrian C., 2010, 2373, pp. 1-265 in Zootaxa 2373 on page 56
Educating for the ‘Anthropocene’: The Meaning of Politics in an Age of Slow Violence
Creators: name: Sutoris, Peter
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2020
Subjects: education
the Anthropocene
activism
phenomenological analysis
ethnography

description: This multi-sited ethnographic study examines the interface of education and environmental activism in spaces affected by the slow violence of environmental degradation, characteristic of the current high ‘Anthropocene’ era. By conducting research at government schools and in their surrounding communities in Pashulok, India, and South Durban, South Africa, this study investigates the impacts of schooling and environmental activist movements on young people’s ‘phenomenologies of meaning-making’ about the environment. Building on the work of Ricœur and Arendt, the theoretical framework illuminates the role of historical responsibility, intergenerational justice and political imagination in shaping young people’s understandings of and responses to the slow violence affecting their communities locally and the planet globally. This framework is operationalised through established ethnographic methods, including observation, semi-structured and unstructured interviews, focus groups, a fieldwork diary, and through an innovative intervention of observational filmmaking workshops conducted with young people in both sites. The findings point to the depoliticising and individualising effects that bureaucratised state-run education systems in both India and South Africa have on young people’s political and environmental imaginaries, specifically in relation to action and change. They suggest further that young people recognise this slow violence impacting on the environment and have ideas about the political transformation needed to achieve an environmentally sustainable future. These alternative imaginaries are in some cases shaped by the activist presence in the community, as well as educators who intentionally subvert the curriculum. Environmental activists in Pashulok and Wentworth strive to expand what Ricœur calls the ‘horizons of the possible’ and to foster pluralistic political action in the process of community deliberation. The study argues that educating in the Anthropocene calls for bridging schooling with elements of activism to develop what Arendt refers to as agonistic pluralism, which is necessary for finding answers to the slow violence of the Anthropocene.
Energy spectra and eigenstates of quasiperiodic tight-binding Hamiltonians
Creators: name: Grimm, Uwe
name: Schreiber, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analytic and numerical results for quasiperiodic tight-binding models are reviewed, with emphasis on two and three-dimensional models which so far are beyond a mathematically rigorous treatment. In particular, we consider energy spectra of aperiodic tight-binding models and the corresponding level statistics, which are well reproduced by random matrix theory. The eigenstates are characterised by multifractal analysis, and a construction of peculiar multifractal states on the Penrose tiling is discussed. We also consider quantum diffusion, and present some results on interacting electron systems in one dimension.
description: 27 pages, 27 PostScript figures, LaTeX using vch-book.cls
Chyromya Robineau-Desvoidy 1830
Creators: name: Evenhuis, Neal L.
name: O'Hara, James E.
name: Pape, Thomas
name: Pont, Adrian C.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Chyromyidae
Chyromya

description: 105. Chyromya Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830: 620.
 ORIGINALLY INCLUDED SPECIES: Chyromya fenestrarum Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830.
 TYPE SPECIES: Chyromya fenestrarum Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 [= Musca flava Linnaeus, 1758], by monotypy.
 CURRENT STATUS: Valid genus [teste Sabrosky (1999: 89)].
FAMILY: CHYROMYIDAE.
 REMARKS: Placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology by action of I.C.Z.N. (1968: 16 [Opinion 847]).
 EMENDATIONS: Chiromyia Agassiz, 1846b: 81, 85 (unjustified); Chyromyia Schiner, 1864: 55 (unjustified), n. syn.
description: Published as part of Evenhuis, Neal L., O'Hara, James E., Pape, Thomas & Pont, Adrian C., 2010, 2373, pp. 1-265 in Zootaxa 2373 on page 57
Valence bond solid and possible deconfined quantum criticality in an extended kagome lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet
Creators: name: Wietek, Alexander
name: Läuchli, Andreas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present numerical evidence for the emergence of an extended valence bond solid (VBS) phase at $T=0$ in the kagome $S=1/2$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet with ferromagnetic further-neighbor interactions. The VBS is located at the boundary between two magnetically ordered regions and extends close to the nearest-neighbor Heisenberg point. It exhibits a diamond-like singlet covering pattern with a $12$-site unit-cell. Our results suggest the possibility of a direct, possibly continuous, quantum phase transition from the neighboring $\mathbf{q}=0$ coplanar magnetically ordered phase into the VBS phase. Moreover, a second phase which breaks lattice symmetries, and is of likely spin-nematic type, is found close to the transition to the ferromagnetic phase. The results have been obtained using numerical Exact Diagonalization. We discuss implications of our results on the nature of nearest-neighbor Heisenberg antiferromagnet.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material
Statisztikai adatigények értékelése mezőgazdasági termelők körében Magyarországon
Creators: name: Vago, Szabolcs
name: Varga, Eva
name: Kruppa, Bertalan
name: Vago, Szabolcs
name: Varga, Eva
name: Kruppa, Bertalan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: mezőgazdasági statisztika
subject: termelői informáltság
subject: kérdőíves felmérés
subject: nem paraméteres eljárások
subject: agricultural statistics
subject: information distribution
subject: farm survey
subject: nonparametric tests

description: A mezőgazdasági termelők adat- és információigényeit felmérő kérdőíves kutatás eredményei szerint a nagy méretű gazdaságok elsősorban az internetet használják, ugyanakkor a közepes és kicsi gazdaságok a nyomtatott sajtót preferálják. A mezőgazdasági statisztikai adatok iránt az esetenkénti érdeklődés jellemző. Az AKI statisztikai rendszerét (ASIR) a válaszadók többsége nem ismeri, vagy ha ismeri, nem használta még. Eddig az adatok gyűjtésének elsődleges célja nem a gazdálkodók információigényének, hanem az EU-s, illetve a hazai államigazgatási és a szakmai igények kielégítése volt, ezért nem kapott nagy hangsúlyt az információk termelőkhöz való eljuttatása. A megkérdezettek számára leghasznosabbnak a műtrágyák és a növényvédő szerek értékesítési adatai bizonyultak, de a növényi termékek hozambecslése, a mezőgazdasági gépértékesítés és a mezőgazdasági jövedelemalakulás adatai iránt is jelentős érdeklődést mutattak. A főbb termények készlete, a külkereskedelem és a vágóhídi vágásadatok már jobban megosztották a válaszadókat. Ezek az információk a gazdaságok egy része számára fontos jelentéstartalommal bírnak, míg másoknak irrelevánsak. --------------------------- The survey found that while large farms prefer to use the Internet, medium sized and small farms turn to print media to keep themselves up-to-date on agricultural market developments. The research also reveals that farmers only occasionally research agricultural statistics. The majority of respondents are unaware of the data available via the Agricultural Statistics Information System (ASIR) of the Agricultural Economics Research Institute (AKI). In the questionnaire only a small group of farmers indicated that they regularly follow ASIR statistics. To date farm statistics has been compiled mainly for administration purposes and only to a lesser extent for informing farmers. The survey shows that respondents most frequently search for sales data of fertilisers and pesticides. Information on crop yield predictions, sales of agricultural machinery and farms income is also popular among farmers. However, data on crop inventory, foreign trade and livestock slaughter data achieved lower response rates.
Recent population changes of common waders and passerines in Iceland’s largest lowland region
Creators: name: Pálsdóttir, Aldís Erna
name: Þórisson, Böðvar
name: Gunnarsson, Tómas G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology

description: Iceland hosts several internationally important populations of ground-nesting birds in open habitats, particularly waders, but monitoring shows concerning declines among populations of several of these Icelandic land birds. To estimate population changes of ground-nesting birds in Iceland‘s largest lowland region from 2012 to 2024 and compare their densities to important landscape factors. Abundance of the nine most common species (seven waders and two passerines) in South Iceland was monitored with point counts in a roadside survey. Data on landscape factors were extracted from aerial photography and their relationships to bird densities were explored. Redwings Turdus iliacus increased over the period (∼12% annual increase), Common Snipes Gallinago gallinago did not show significant changes, but seven species declined by ∼2% to 10% annually (European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria, Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus, Eurasian Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, Dunlin Calidris alpina, Common Redshank Tringa totanus and Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis). Densities of Eurasian Whimbrels and Dunlins increased with distance from permanent settlements while Common Snipe densities decreased, although the abundance change was unaffected. These rapid changes of open-habitat specialists in Iceland’s largest lowland area are a grave cause for concern and call for a concerted effort to explore the drivers.
Quantum Entanglement and the Two-Photon Stokes Parameters
Creators: name: Abouraddy, Ayman F.
name: Sergienko, Alexander V.
name: Saleh, Bahaa E. A.
name: Teich, Malvin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A formalism for two-photon Stokes parameters is introduced to describe the polarization entanglement of photon pairs. This leads to the definition of a degree of two-photon polarization, which describes the extent to which the two photons act as a pair and not as two independent photons. This pair-wise polarization is complementary to the degree of polarization of the individual photons. The approach provided here has a number of advantages over the density matrix formalism: it allows the one- and two-photon features of the state to be separated and offers a visualization of the mixedness of the state of polarization.
description: 15 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Opt. Comm