cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Advancing flood risk estimation in ungauged basins with machine learning and climate data at the global scale
Creators: name: Rasheed, Zimeena Azealia
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2025

description: Increasing flood risk due to urbanization and climate change poses a significant challenge to societies at global scale. Flood prediction across scales and more specifically in ungauged areas remains a great challenge that limits the efficiency of flood risk mitigation strategies and disaster preparedness. Machine learning (ML) based models have demonstrated a great potential for streamflow prediction. ML based procedures are relatively easier to apply and are less computationally demanding, especially for applications at regional scales, than traditional physics-based models. Thus, their application for hydrologic predictions have attracted a lot of interest from stakeholders in academia, industry and federal agencies.For streamflow prediction, these models perform very well at capturing streamflow variability but fail to accurately predict extreme values (i.e. peak flow) of flood events, which are important to be considered in flood design or for flood warning purposes. This work therefore examines an event-based predictive framework that is solely focused on peak flow prediction and considers the characteristics of the flood triggering precipitation, the catchment and antecedent wetness conditions. Analysis for multiple distinct hydroclimatic regions is presented across the contiguous US. Evaluation of the drivers of flood peaks noted distinct dependencies among the dynamic and static predictors considered in the models for flood peaks of different severity. Furthermore, a flood prediction framework is developed and tested in ungauged regions that relies on two fundamental components. First, meteorological data from satellite and reanalysis global datasets (IMERG and ERA5-Land, respectively) provide key input variables and second, ML models trained in the data-rich contiguous US, are applied in climatically similar regions in other parts of the world. Results indicate acceptable performance for both products providing a starting point from which more and improved ML procedures and precipitation datasets can be integrated to potentially address the PUB (Prediction in Ungauged Basins) problem at the global scale. Another remaining and critical need at the global scale is future flood risk estimation. Conventionally, hydrologic models are calibrated and used to facilitate mid- to long-term mitigation strategies. However, the disparity among the vulnerable populations and the resources required for this task calls for approaches that are simple to access and use. The advantageous properties of ML models, motivate an ML-hydrological model comparison to evaluate the capability of ML models to spatially provide information on future flood risk under various climate scenarios. A proposed ML model has been assessed as viable for this purpose; a result that could serve communities at global scale that lack the resources to access, develop and operate hydrologic models.
Pressure and chemical substitution effects in the local atomic structure of BaFe2As2
Creators: name: Granado, E.
name: Mendonca-Ferreira, L.
name: Garcia, F.
name: Azevedo, G. de M.
name: Fabbris, G.
name: Bittar, E. M.
name: Adriano, C.
name: Garitezi, T. M.
name: Rosa, P. F. S.
name: Bufaical, L. F.
name: Avila, M. A.
name: Terashita, H.
name: Pagliuso, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effects of K and Co substitutions and quasi-hydrostatic applied pressure (P<9 GPa) in the local atomic structure of BaFe2As2, Ba(Fe{0.937}Co{0.063})2As2 and Ba{0.85}K{0.15}Fe2As2 superconductors were investigated by extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements in the As K absorption edge. The As-Fe bond length is found to be slightly reduced (
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
MOESM1 of Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: a favorable adipose depot for diabetes?
Creators: name: Chen, Peizhu
name: Hou, Xuhong
name: Hu, Gang
name: Wei, Li
name: Jiao, Lei
name: Wang, Hongmei
name: Chen, Siyu
name: Wu, Jingzhu
name: Bao, Yuqian
name: Jia, Weiping
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Participation flowchart.
When to trust the data: Further investigations of system error in a scientific reasoning task
Creators: name: D E Penner
name: D  Klahr
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: When evaluating experimental evidence, how do people deal with the possibility that some of the feedback is erroneous' The potential for error means that evidence evaluation must include decisions about when to ''trust the data.'' In this paper we present two studies that focus on subjects' responses to erroneous feedback in a hypothesis testing situation-a variant of Wason's (1960) 2-4-6 rule discovery task in which some feedback was subject to system error: ''hits'' were reported as ''misses'' and vice versa. Our results show that, in contrast to previous research, people are equally adept at identifying false negatives and false positives; further, successful subjects were less likely to use a positive test strategy (I(layman & Ha, 1987) than were unsuccessful subjects. Finally, although others have found that generating possible hypotheses prior to experimentation increases success and task efficiency, such a manipulation did little to mitigate the effects of system error.
Segment-based Methods for Facial Attribute Detection from Partial Faces
Creators: name: Mahbub, Upal
name: Sarkar, Sayantan
name: Chellappa, Rama
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: State-of-the-art methods of attribute detection from faces almost always assume the presence of a full, unoccluded face. Hence, their performance degrades for partially visible and occluded faces. In this paper, we introduce SPLITFACE, a deep convolutional neural network-based method that is explicitly designed to perform attribute detection in partially occluded faces. Taking several facial segments and the full face as input, the proposed method takes a data driven approach to determine which attributes are localized in which facial segments. The unique architecture of the network allows each attribute to be predicted by multiple segments, which permits the implementation of committee machine techniques for combining local and global decisions to boost performance. With access to segment-based predictions, SPLITFACE can predict well those attributes which are localized in the visible parts of the face, without having to rely on the presence of the whole face. We use the CelebA and LFWA facial attribute datasets for standard evaluations. We also modify both datasets, to occlude the faces, so that we can evaluate the performance of attribute detection algorithms on partial faces. Our evaluation shows that SPLITFACE significantly outperforms other recent methods especially for partial faces.
When to inspect? Recurrent inspection decisions in a simulated risky environment.
Creators: name: Klatzky, Roberta
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Participants scheduled inspections to detect costly events for which they were repeatedly at constant risk (probability of event onset) within a computerized environment. They were responsive to risk variations, conveyed either in advance or by experience with inspection outcomes, although experiencing unannounced increases in risk affected inspections more than experiencing unannounced decreases. Participants responded to variations in cost (time varying or fixed) when the effects were made perceptually salient. Compared with a normative model (R. L. Klatzky, D. M. Messick, & J. Loftus, 1992), some conditions showed near-optimal inspecting or had flat payoff functions that tolerated observed departures from optimal performance. Costly departures occurred particularly when combined cost and risk levels caused optimal responses to be extreme (always or never inspect). Results assess people's processing of relevant variables and indicate circumstances in which they may set substantially nonoptimal inspection schedules.
Nontrivial transition of transmission in a highly open quantum point contact in the quantum Hall regime
Creators: name: Hong, Changki
name: Park, Jinhong
name: Chung, Yunchul
name: Choi, Hyungkook
name: Umansky, Vladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Transmission through a quantum point contact (QPC) in the quantum Hall regime usually exhibits multiple resonances as a function of gate voltage and high nonlinearity in bias. Such behavior is unpredictable and changes sample by sample. Here, we report the observation of a sharp transition of the transmission through an open QPC at finite bias, which was observed consistently for all the tested QPCs. It is found that the bias dependence of the transition can be fitted to the Fermi-Dirac distribution function through universal scaling. The fitted temperature matches quite nicely to the electron temperature measured via shot-noise thermometry. While the origin of the transition is unclear, we propose a phenomenological model based on our experimental results that may help to understand such a sharp transition. Similar transitions are observed in the fractional quantum Hall regime, and it is found that the temperature of the system can be measured by rescaling the quasiparticle energy with the effective charge ($e^*=e/3$). We believe that the observed phenomena can be exploited as a tool for measuring the electron temperature of the system and for studying the quasiparticle charges of the fractional quantum Hall states.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Structures reveal details of small molecule binding to cardiac troponin
Creators: Cai, Fangze
Li, Monica X.
Pineda-Sanbria, Sandra E.
Gelozia, Shorena
Lindert, Steffen
West, Frederick
Sykes, Brian D.
Hwang, Peter M.
Publisher: name: University of Alberta Library
Year: 2016

In cardiac and skeletal muscle, the troponin complex turns muscle contraction on and off in a calcium-dependent manner. Many small molecules are known to bind to the troponin complex to modulate its calcium binding affinity, and this may be useful in a broad range of conditions in which

striated muscle function is compromised, such as congestive heart failure. As a tool for developing drugs specific for the cardiac isoform of troponin, we have designed a chimeric construct (cChimera) consisting of the regulatory N-terminal domain of cardiac troponin C (cNTnC) fused to the switch region of cardiac troponin I (cTnI), mimicking the key binding event that turns on muscle contraction. We demonstrate by solution NMR spectroscopy that cChimera faithfully reproduces the native interface between cTnI and cNTnC.

We determined that small molecules based on diphenylamine can bind to cChimera with a KD as low as 10 μM. Solution NMR structures show that minimal structural perturbations in cChimera are needed to accommodate 3-methyldiphenylamine (3-mDPA), which is probably why it binds with higher affinity than previously studied compounds like bepridil, despite its significantly smaller size. The unsubstituted aromatic ring of 3-mDPA binds to an inner hydrophobic pocket adjacent to the central beta sheet of cNTnC. However, the methyl-substituted ring is able to bind in two different orientations, either inserting into the cNTnC-cTnI interface or “flipping out” to form contacts primarily with helix C of cNTnC. Our work suggests that preservation of the native interaction between cNTnC and cTnI is key to the development of a high affinity cardiac troponin-specific drug.
When the rubber meets the road: putting research-based methods to test in urban classrooms
Creators: name: Junlei  Li
name: Klahr, David
name: Jabbour, Amanda
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: We created a hypothetically "optimal" instructional scenario in which a knowledgeable researcher, under the guidance of an experienced classroom teacher, carried out a set of research-based science instruction in a low-SES urban school. The training group's performance was assessed by standardized test items and compared with that of a high-SES no training comparison group. The results demonstrate that instructional methods based on experimental psychological research have great potential for addressing the achievement gap problem. However, the analyses also reveal a significant discrepancy between low-SES students' performance on standardized test items and on alternative assessments with lower reading and writing demands. We discuss our methodological choices in making basic research more relevant to real world issues. We highlight the critical challenges of test validity, research relevancy, and reform feasibility for researchers and policymakers.
title: DEUTERIUM HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE IN INTERSTELLAR C3HD
Creators: name: BELL, MB
name: WATSON, JKG
name: FELDMAN, PA
name: MATTHEWS, HE
name: MADDEN, SC
name: Irvine, WM
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics and Astronomy

description: The published version is located at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TFN-44KWNVY-4V&_user=1516330&_coverDate=05%2F22%2F1987&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_searchStrId=1745973467&_rerunOrigin=google&_acct=C000053443&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=1516330&md5=cde68e872b4762c97b76b707bda303ea&searchtype=a
description: The deuterium nuclear quadrupole hyperfine structure of the transition 110-101 of the ring molecule cyclopropenylidene-d1 (C3HD) has been observed in emission from interstellar molecular clouds. The narrowest linewidths (≈7 kHz) so far observed are in the cloud L1498. The derived D coupling constants χzz= 186.9(1.4) kHz, η = 0.063(18) agree well with correlations based on other molecules.
Additional file 1 of Identification of lipid biomarker from serum in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Creators: name: Liu, Ding
name: Meister, Maureen
name: Zhang, Shiying
name: Vong, Chi-In
name: Wang, Shuaishuai
name: Fang, Ruixie
name: Li, Lei
name: Wang, Peng George
name: Massion, Pierre
name: Ji, Xiangming
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biochemistry
Medicine
Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Additional file 1: Supplemental Figure 1. Representative of MS/MS example ion spectrum for 798.5 and 496.3 m/z using negative ESI mode.
Local linear regression for functional data
Creators: name: Berlinet, Alain
name: Elamine, Abdallah
name: Mas, André
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study a non linear regression model with functional data as inputs and scalar response. We propose a pointwise estimate of the regression function that maps a Hilbert space onto the real line by a local linear method. We provide the asymptotic mean square error. Computations involve a linear inverse problem as well as a representation of the small ball probability of the data and are based on recent advances in this area. The rate of convergence of our estimate outperforms those already obtained in the literature on this model.
Students Authoring Molecular Case Studies
Creators: name: Pollock, Elizabeth
name: (She/Her), Kasandra
name: Vardar-Ulu, Didem
name: Dutta, Shuchismita
Publisher: name: QUBES Educational Resources
Year: 2021

description: Poster on using case studies to help students develop their skills in reading primary literature and identifying authentic scientific problems by authoring their own case studies. Presented at the 2021 BIOME Institute.
Dimensional reduction in driven disordered systems
Creators: name: Haga, Taiki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the critical behavior of disordered systems transversely driven at a uniform and steady velocity. An intuitive argument predicts that the long-distance physics of $D$-dimensional driven disordered systems at zero temperature is the same as that of the corresponding $(D-1)$-dimensional pure systems in thermal equilibrium. This result is analogous to the well-known dimensional reduction property in thermal equilibrium, which states the equivalence between $D$-dimensional disordered systems and $(D-2)$-dimensional pure systems. To clarify the condition that the dimensional reduction holds, we perform the functional renormalization group analysis of elastic manifolds transversely driven in random media. We argue that the nonanalytic behavior in the second cumulant of the renormalized disorder leads to the breakdown of the dimensional reduction. We further found that the roughness exponent is equal to the dimensional reduction value for the single component case, but it is not for the multi-component cases.
description: 27 pages, 3 figures
When Minimal Guidance Does and Does Not Work: Drill and Kill Makes Discovery Learning a Success
Creators: name: Anderson, John R.
name: Betts, Shawn
name: Brunstein, Angela
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Two experiments were performed contrasting discovery learning with a variety of different instructional conditions. Students learned to solve data-flow isomorphs of the standard algebra problems. In experiment 1, where students practiced each new operation extensively, they performed best in a Discovery condition. The Discovery condition forced participants to develop correct semantic characterizations of the algebraic transformations. In Experiment 2, where students practiced each operation minimally, they performed worst in the Discovery condition and most of them failed to complete the curriculum. With less practice students’ attempts to discover transformations became less constrained and more random. This search for transformations became so extended that students were unable to remember how they achieved transformations and so failed to learn. These interpretations of the advantages and disadvantages of discovery learning were confirmed with a simulation model that was subjected to the various learning conditions. Discovery learning can lead to better learning outcomes only when the challenge posed by the demand of discovery does not overcome the student’s resources.
Enhancing biodiversity in agroforestry systems (PA)
Creators: name: Mosquera-Losada MR
name: Ferreiro-Domínguez N
name: Rodríguez-Rigueiro FJ
name: Santiago-Freijanes JJ
name: González-Hernández MP
name: Fernández-Lorenzo JL
name: Romero-Franco R
name: Rigueiro-Rodríguez A
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: ecosystem
Europe

description: Biodiversity is crucial to increase production per unit of land in agriculture by adequate combination of plants that are able to use different type of resources from soil and air therefore increasing provision of ecosystem services. Agroforestry improves biodiversity and therefore the provision of ecosystem services. The presence of isolated trees in an arable land clearly creates a spatial and temporary micro-environment with different water and nutrient balance that favours one varieties/species instead others that are different in the areas influenced by the woody perennials than in open sites. Accordingly, different understory varieties/species are differently adapted to different woody perennials influenced areas and the heterogeneity caused by these woody perennials affect plants but also different biodiversity taxon categories in cascade and the provision of ecosystem services from the land. For example when the presence of different species of trees or shrubs is considered at farm scale, woody perennials enlarges and complements the flowering period facilitating pollination, but also reducing water pollution that prevents from biodiversity losses in aquatic environments within, surrounding and even far away from the farm where birds and other animals need high quality waters to survive. Moreover, the use of woody perennials as feed is usually linked to autochthonous breeds that allow the local livestock breeds preservation.
No-signaling Principle Can Determine Optimal Quantum State Discrimination
Creators: name: Bae, Joonwoo
name: Hwang, Won-Young
name: Han, Yeong-Deok
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a general framework of utilizing the no-signaling principle in derivation of the guessing probability in the minimum-error quantum state discrimination. We show that, remarkably, the guessing probability can be determined by the no-signaling principle. This is shown by proving that in the semidefinite programming for the discrimination, the optimality condition corresponds to the constraint that quantum theory cannot be used for a superluminal communication. Finally, a general bound to the guessing probability is presented in a closed form.
description: 4 pages
Expression analysis of three SERK-like genes in barley under abiotic and biotic stresses
Creators: name: Li, Yingbo
name: Liu, Chenghong
name: Guo, Guimei
name: He, Ting
name: Chen, Zhiwei
name: Gao, Runhong
name: Xu, Hongwei
name: Faheem, Muhammad
name: Lu, Ruiju
name: Huang, Jianhua
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Plant Biology

description: Somatic embryogenesis receptor-like kinases (SERKs), a subfamily of receptor-like kinases, showed important roles in plant response to abiotic and biotic stresses in addition to embryogenesis and organogenesis in numerous plant species. In the present study, three orthologs of SERK genes (HvSERK1/2/3) were isolated from barley, and their expression patterns during in vitro culture of microspores as well as their responses to different stresses including salinity and powdery mildew were characterized. Sequence analysis suggested that three HvSERK genes were highly conserved in the grass family. Subcellular localization showed the HvSERK1 protein located on the plasma membrane. The HvSERK1 transcript was up-regulated during the microspore culture period, suggesting its roles in microspore embryogenesis. HvSERK1 and HvSERK3 showed the highest expression level in the leaves; however no difference was detected for HvSERK2 expression in different plants’ tissues. Under salt stress, all three HvSERK genes were quickly induced in microspore-derived embryogenic calli, whereas only HvSERK1 was up-regulated in the roots of barley seedlings. Moreover, only HvSERK2 was induced in the barley leaves upon powdery mildew inoculation. These results suggest that barley SERK genes may participate in barley microspores’ development and plant response toward salt and fungal stress, and the function of them has some evolutionary changes.
$E_{2}$ Structures and Derived Koszul Duality in String Topology
Creators: name: Blumberg, Andrew J.
name: Mandell, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We construct an equivalence of $E_{2}$ algebras between two models for the Thom spectrum of the free loop space that are related by derived Koszul duality. To do this, we describe the functoriality and invariance properties of topological Hochschild cohomology.
Near-IR internetwork spectro-polarimetry at different heliocentric angles
Creators: name: Gonzalez, M. Jesus Martinez
name: Ramos, A. Asensio
name: Ariste, A. Lopez
name: Sainz, R. Manso
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The analysis of near infrared spectropolarimetric data at the internetwork at different regions on the solar surface could offer constraints to reject current modeling of these quiet areas. We present spectro-polarimetric observations of very quiet regions for different values of the heliocentric angle for the Fe I lines at 1.56 micron, from disc centre to positions close to the limb. The spatial resolution of the data is 0.7-1". We analyze direct observable properties of the Stokes profiles as the amplitude of circular and linear polarization as well as the total degree of polarization. Also the area and amplitude asymmetries are studied. We do not find any significant variation of the properties of the polarimetric signals with the heliocentric angle. This means that the magnetism of the solar internetwork remains the same regardless of the position on the solar disc. This observational fact discards the possibility of modeling the internetwork as a Network-like scenario. The magnetic elements of internetwork areas seem to be isotropically distributed when observed at our spatial resolution.
description: Sorry, this is the version with the correct bibliography. Some figures had to be compressed. Accepted for publication in A&A
Insights into differential responses of olive cultivars to Xylella fastidiosa infections
Creators: name: Saldarelli, Pasquale
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: Abstract: Xylella fastidiosa strain De Donno causes severe symptoms of desiccation on the
 susceptible cultivars Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò. In the Xylella-ravaged olive groves,
 survivor plants of cv Leccino have been identified and monitored since the beginning of epidemic
 spread of X. fastidiosa in Apulia (southern Italy). Studies in field-grown plants (Giampetruzzi et al.,
 2016) suggest that the resistance of these two cultivars relies on two pillars: a lower bacteria
 population size compared with that of susceptible cultivars and, limited to Leccino, a differential gene
 expression response that involves leucine rich receptor-like kinases (LRR-RLKs). Successive studies
 with artificially infected olives under controlled conditions, showed that the same host responses
 occurred when plants of the cvs Cellina di Nardò and Leccino were inoculated with the strain CO33,
 taxonomically related to subsp. sandyi. Consistent with the previous data, transcripts of two LRRRLKs,
 orthologous to At1g35710 and At4g08850, which are reported to regulate cell wall damage
 response in Arabidopsis thaliana (Van der Does et al., 2017), were found overexpressed in Leccino.
 Moreover, quantitative PCR assays targeting the At1g35710 olive orthologous gene showed an
 increased expression in different olive cultivars artificially inoculated under controlled conditions.
 Besides these molecular studies, the bacterial population sizes were estimated in different tissues of
 the infected plants: leaves, young (Ø?5 mm) and hardwood cuttings (Ø?5 mm -?1 cm), and in tissues
 collected from scions of different cultivars grafted onto the same rootstock. From these tests, further
 evidence on the resistance of Leccino and FS17 were collected, with tissues of these cvs harbouring
 lower bacterial titer than Ogliarola salentina (this was particularly evident in the leaves of the cv
 Leccino) and not showing typical and severe desiccation phenomena, even when branches of these
 cvs were co-grafted on the same rootstocks with scions of Ogliarola salentina showing severe
 dieback. Further data on these double grafted olives and genetic achievements will be presented.
When Looks Are Everything: Appearance Similarity Versus Kind Information in Early Induction
Creators: name: Sloutsky, Vladimir M.
name: Kloos, Heidi
name: Fisher, Anna
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The goal of this research was to examine mechanisms underlying early induction—specifically, the relation between induction and categorization. Some researchers argue that even early in development, induction is based on category-membership information, whereas others argue that early induction is based primarily on similarity. Children 4 and 5 years of age participated in two types of tasks: categorization and induction. Both tasks were performed with artificial animal-like categories in which appearance was pitted against category membership. Although the children readily acquired category-membership information and subsequently used this information in categorization tasks, they ignored category membership during the induction task, relying instead on the appearance of items. These results support the idea that early in development, induction is similarity based.
Optimisation of sampling and testing procedures for detecting Xylella fastidiosa in large lots of plant for planting and nursery stocks
Creators: name: Loocnsole, G.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: composite samples, Xylella fastidiosa, large lots of plants

description: Inspections and diagnostic tests for Xylella fastidiosa are mandatory on consignments/place of production for the most susceptible species listed in the EU Decision 2017/2352, as well as for the movement of ‘specified plants’ produced in nurseries located in the so-called demarcated areas. Although inspections and sampling are carried out in accordance with the ISPM31 standards, at laboratory level such requirements imply the manipulation of a large amount of material (leaves/shoots/cuttings). Attempts have been made to experimentally optimise a protocol suitable for the concentration of the bacterial cells starting from large volume of plant homogenate, prior to being tested with the protocols commonly adopted for detecting the presence of X. fastidiosa in plants. Diagnostic sensitivity of serological and molecular tests was assessed by using infected plant materials (X. fastidiosa subspecies pauca, ST53) spiked at different ratios with non-infected plant materials. Portions (single leaves or pieces of stems) of infected plants were individually tested to establish the distribution of the bacterium in a given infected symptomatic/asymptomatic plant. Briefly, petioles and/or stem portions recovered from infected plants of Polygala myrtifolia, Nerium oleander, Olea europaea, Lavandula stoechas, and scraped xylem tissue from infected cuttings of Prunus avium were pooled at different ratios with healthy materials up to 40 g/sample.Indeed, tests included plantlets from the species of the Brassicaceae and Solanaceae families (non-host plants of the ST53 strains) upon spiking the pooled samples with stem portions of infected periwinkle. After grinding the pooled samples, plant homogenates were centrifugated and the recovered pellets resuspended in the appropriate extraction buffer and processed using the standard serological or molecular protocols. The data gathered for sampling (minimum number of portions/aliquot) and for testing (maximum size of the pool) provide useful guidance when processing a large number of samples, satisfying sample size requirements while keeping the diagnostic tests technically and economically affordable.
When induction meets memory: evidence for gradual transition from similarity-based to category-based induction.
Creators: name: Fisher, Anna
name: Sloutsky, Vladimir M.
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: The ability to perform induction appears early; however, underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Some argue that early induction is category based, whereas others suggest that early induction is similarity based. Category- and similarity-based induction should result in different memory traces and thus in different memory accuracy. Performing induction resulted in low memory accuracy in adults and 11-year-olds, whereas 5-, and 7-year-olds were highly accurate (Experiment 1). After training to perform category-based induction, 5- and 7-year-olds exhibited patterns of accuracy similar to those of adults (Experiment 2). Furthermore, 7-year-olds, but not 5-year-olds, retained this training over time (Experiment 3). With novel categories, even adults performed similarity-based induction, exhibiting high memory accuracy (Experiment 4). These results suggest a gradual transition from similarity- to category-based induction with familiar categories.
Conversion between electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption in a three-level lambda system
Creators: name: Chanu, Sapam Ranjita
name: Pandey, Kanhaiya
name: Natarajan, Vasant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that it is possible to change from a {\it subnatural} electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) feature to a {\it subnatural} electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) feature in a (degenerate) three-level $Λ$ system. The change is effected by turning on a second control beam counter-propagating with respect to the first beam. We observe this change in the $D_2$ line of Rb in a room-temperature vapor cell. The observations are supported by density-matrix analysis of the complete sublevel structure including the effect of Doppler averaging, but can be understood qualitatively as arising due to the formation of $N$-type systems with the two control beams. Since many of the applications of EIT and EIA rely on the anomalous dispersion near the resonances, this introduces a new ability to control the sign of the dispersion.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures
Bianalytic free maps between spectrahedra and spectraballs
Creators: name: Helton, J. William
name: Klep, Igor
name: McCullough, Scott
name: Volčič, Jurij
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47L25, 32H02, 13J30 (Primary), 14P10, 52A05, 46L07 (Secondary)

description: Linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are ubiquitous in real algebraic geometry, semidefinite programming, control theory and signal processing. LMIs with (dimension free) matrix unknowns are central to the theories of completely positive maps and operator algebras, operator systems and spaces, and serve as the paradigm for matrix convex sets. The matricial feasibility set of an LMI is called a free spectrahedron. In this article, the bianalytic maps between a very general class of ball-like free spectrahedra (examples of which include row or column contractions, and tuples of contractions) and arbitrary free spectrahedra are characterized and seen to have an elegant algebraic form. They are all highly structured rational maps. In the case that both the domain and codomain are ball-like, these bianalytic maps are explicitly determined and the article gives necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such a map with a specified value and derivative at a point. In particular, this leads to a classification of automorphism groups of ball-like free spectrahedra. The results depend on a novel free Nullstellensatz, established only after new tools in free analysis are developed and applied to obtain fine detail, geometric in nature locally and algebraic in nature globally, about the boundary of ball-like free spectrahedra.
description: v3: 51 pages. Proof of the Nullstellensatz 1.7 has been streamlined, and now depends on the spanning of boundary hair 4.2; the erroneous second part of 1.7 has been removed. v2: a major rewrite. 44 pages, includes a table of contents. New is a definitive classification of bianalytic maps between spectraballs
Edge Modes of Scattering Chains with Aperiodic Order
Creators: name: Wang, Ren
name: Rontgen, Malte
name: Morfonios, Christian V.
name: Pinheiro, Felipe A.
name: Schmelcher, Peter
name: Negro, Luca Dal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the scattering resonances of one-dimensional deterministic aperiodic chains of electric dipoles using the vectorial Green's matrix method, which accounts for both short- and long-range electromagnetic interactions in open scattering systems. We discover the existence of edge-localized scattering states within fractal energy gaps with characteristic topological band structures. Notably, we report and characterize edge-localized modes in the classical wave analogues of the Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SHH) dimer model, quasiperiodic Harper and Fibonacci crystals, as well as in more complex Thue-Morse aperiodic systems. Our study demonstrates that topological edge-modes with characteristic power-law envelope appear in open aperiodic systems and coexist with traditional exponentially localized ones. Our results extend the concept of topological states to the scattering resonances of complex open systems with aperiodic order, thus providing an important step towards the predictive design of topological optical metamaterials and devices beyond tightbinding models.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
When do diagrams enhance learning? A framework for designing relevant representations
Creators: name: Davenport, Jodi L.
name: Yaron, David
name: Klahr, David
name: Koedinger, Kenneth R
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Although many studies demonstrate large learning gains when instruction includes diagrams, diagrams do not always lead to improved outcomes. How can instructional designers know whether a given diagram will enhance learning? We have developed a framework of three factors that influence the effectiveness of a diagram in a particular learning situation: the learning objective, the design of the visual representation and the cognitive processing of the learner . In a randomized - design study conducted in a college chemistry class, we found that instruction that included diagrams created with this framework led to enhanced performance on open - ended transfer items compared to traditional instruction, particularly for low - performing students. We propose that a concept - based cognitive theory of multimedia learning that includes a conceptual working memory component may explain why the efficacy of diagrams depends heavily on the prior knowledge of the learner as well a s the conceptual information available in the representation
The X-ray emission of the most luminous 3CR radio sources
Creators: name: Salvati, M.
name: Risaliti, G.
name: Veron, P.
name: Woltjer, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the X-ray properties of the most luminous radio sources in the 3CR catalogue, in order to assess if they are similar to the most luminous radio quiet quasars, for instance in the X-ray normalization with respect to the optical luminosity, or in the distribution of the absorption column density. We have selected the (optically identified) 3CR radio sources whose 178-MHz monochromatic luminosity lies in the highest factor-of-three bin. The 4 most luminous objects had already been observed in X rays. Of the remaining 16, we observed with XMM-Newton 4 randomly chosen, optical type 1s, and 4 type 2s. All targets have been detected. The optical-to-Xray spectral index, alphaox, can be computed only for the type 1s and, in agreement with previous studies, is found to be flatter than in radio quiet quasars of similar luminosity. However, the Compton thin type 2s have an absorption corrected X-ray luminosity systematically lower than the type 1s, by a factor which makes them consistent with the radio quiet alphaox. Within the limited statistics, the Compton thick objects seem to have a reflected component more luminous than the Compton thin ones. The extra X-ray component observed in type 1 radio loud quasars is beamed for intrinsic causes, and is not collimated by the absorbing torus as is the case for the (intrinsically isotropic) disk emission. The extra component can be associated with a relativistic outflow, provided that the flow opening angle and the Doppler beaming factor are 1/5 - 1/7 radians.
description: LaTex, 6 pages, 3 figures, 3 tables; accepted for publication in A&A
Simulation of Quantum Circuits via Stabilizer Frames
Creators: name: García, Héctor J.
name: Markov, Igor L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Generic quantum-circuit simulation appears intractable for conventional computers and may be unnecessary because useful quantum circuits exhibit significant structure that can be exploited during simulation. For example, Gottesman and Knill identified an important subclass, called stabilizer circuits, which can be simulated efficiently using group-theory techniques and insights from quantum physics. Realistic circuits enriched with quantum error-correcting codes and fault-tolerant procedures are dominated by stabilizer subcircuits and contain a relatively small number of non-Clifford components. Therefore, we develop new data structures and algorithms that facilitate parallel simulation of such circuits. Stabilizer frames offer more compact storage than previous approaches but require more sophisticated bookkeeping. Our implementation, called Quipu, simulates certain quantum arithmetic circuits (e.g., reversible ripple-carry adders) in polynomial time and space for equal superpositions of $n$-qubits. On such instances, known linear-algebraic simulation techniques, such as the (state-of-the-art) BDD-based simulator QuIDDPro, take exponential time. We simulate quantum Fourier transform and quantum fault-tolerant circuits using Quipu, and the results demonstrate that our stabilizer-based technique empirically outperforms QuIDDPro in all cases. While previous high-performance, structure-aware simulations of quantum circuits were difficult to parallelize, we demonstrate that Quipu can be parallelized with a nontrivial computational speedup.
description: 15 pages, 18 figures, 3 tables
When Development and Learning Decrease Memory: Evidence Against Category-Based Induction in Children
Creators: name: Sloutsky, Vladimir M.
name: Fisher, Anna
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: 170199 Psychology not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Inductive inference is crucial for learning: If one learns that a cat has a particular biological property, one could expand this knowledge to other cats. We argue that young children perform induction on the basis of similarity of compared entities, whereas adults may induce on the basis of category information. If different processes underlie induction at different points in development, young children and adults would form different memory traces during induction, and would subsequently have different memory accuracy. Experiment 1 demonstrates that after performing an induction task, 5-year-olds exhibit more accurate memory than adults. Experiment 2 indicates that after 5-year-olds are trained to perform induction in an adult-like manner, their memory accuracy drops to the level of adults. These results, indicating that sometimes 5-year-olds exhibit better memory than adults, support the claim that, unlike adults, young children perform similarity-based rather than category-based induction.
Factors influencing perceptions of trust in data infrastructures
Creators: name: Flicker, Katharina
name: Rauber, Andreas
name: Kern, Bettina
name: Ekaputra, Fajar
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Building trust and transparency into research and curation techniques, costs, and workflows
Transparency as a means of demonstrating research integrity
Trust
Transparency
factors influencing trust
survey
semi-structured interview
data infrastructures
virtual research environments

description: We performed two initial studies to determine factors influencing trust, focusing on transparency across a range of elements associated with data, data infrastructures and virtual research environments. We aim to understand which attributes of trust can be applied in the digital world, how they differ, and what additional mechanisms need to be established to support trust in complex socio-technological processes.
A recipe for making materials with negative refraction in acoustics
Creators: name: Ramm, A. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35J05, 35J05, 35J10, 70F10, 74J25, 81U40

description: A recipe is given for making materials with negative refraction in acoustics, i.e., materials in which the group velocity is directed opposite to the phase velocity. The recipe consists of injecting many small particles into a bounded domain, filled with a material whose refraction coefficient is known. The number of small particles to be injected per unit volume around any point $x$ is calculated as well as the boundary impedances of the embedded particles.
A comprehensive review on azoles based organic wood preservatives and their future prospects
Creators: name: Papola, Jyoti
name: Kumar, Rakesh
name: Sundararaj, R.
name: Babu, Surthani Giri
name: Sethy, Anil Kumar
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Wood is an organic material hence it is susceptible to degradation, and to increase the service life of wood and its products, preservative treatments become necessary. Many countries restrict the use of conventional wood preservatives due to their non-eco-friendly nature. Therefore, the need arises to look for alternative but effective wood preservative formulations against a wide range of wood degrading agents with less environmental toxicity. Azole-based organic biocides for wood preservation are quite effective against many bio-deteriorating organisms, and their amalgamation with two or more organic biocides is highly effective. The organic biocides can be combined with metal complexing compounds to bind the metals and free-radical scavengers, thereby preventing the degradation of wood. Major organic biocides belong to the family of triazoles, including tebuconazole and propiconazole, which are quite effective against a broad range of wood-degrading organisms, exhibit good stability, and resist leaching in wood. This review describes the present trends and future prospects of azole-based wood preservatives.