cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey: Search Algorithm and Follow-up Observations
Creators: name: Sako, Masao
name: Bassett, B.
name: Becker, A.
name: Cinabro, D.
name: DeJongh, F.
name: Depoy, D. L.
name: Dilday, B.
name: Doi, M.
name: Frieman, J. A.
name: Garnavich, P. M.
name: Hogan, C. J.
name: Holtzman, J.
name: Jha, S.
name: Kessler, R.
name: Konishi, K.
name: Lampeitl, H.
name: Marriner, J.
name: Miknaitis, G.
name: Nichol, R. C.
name: Prieto, J. L.
name: Riess, A. G.
name: Richmond, M. W.
name: Romani, R.
name: Schneider, D. P.
name: Smith, M.
name: SubbaRao, M.
name: Takanashi, N.
name: Tokita, K.
name: van der Heyden, K.
name: Yasuda, N.
name: Zheng, C.
name: Barentine, J.
name: Brewington, H.
name: Choi, C.
name: Dembicky, J.
name: Harnavek, M.
name: Ihara, Y.
name: Im, M.
name: Ketzeback, W.
name: Kleinman, S. J.
name: Krzesiński, J.
name: Long, D. C.
name: Malanushenko, E.
name: Malanushenko, V.
name: McMillan, R. J.
name: Morokuma, T.
name: Nitta, A.
name: Pan, K.
name: Saurage, G.
name: Snedden, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II Supernova Survey has identified a large number of new transient sources in a 300 sq. deg. region along the celestial equator during its first two seasons of a three-season campaign. Multi-band (ugriz) light curves were measured for most of the sources, which include solar system objects, Galactic variable stars, active galactic nuclei, supernovae (SNe), and other astronomical transients. The imaging survey is augmented by an extensive spectroscopic follow-up program to identify SNe, measure their redshifts, and study the physical conditions of the explosions and their environment through spectroscopic diagnostics. During the survey, light curves are rapidly evaluated to provide an initial photometric type of the SNe, and a selected sample of sources are targeted for spectroscopic observations. In the first two seasons, 476 sources were selected for spectroscopic observations, of which 403 were identified as SNe. For the Type Ia SNe, the main driver for the Survey, our photometric typing and targeting efficiency is 90%. Only 6% of the photometric SN Ia candidates were spectroscopically classified as non-SN Ia instead, and the remaining 4% resulted in low signal-to-noise, unclassified spectra. This paper describes the search algorithm and the software, and the real-time processing of the SDSS imaging data. We also present the details of the supernova candidate selection procedures and strategies for follow-up spectroscopic and imaging observations of the discovered sources.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal (66 pages, 13 figures); typos corrected
Ultrasoft contribution to heavy-quark pair production near threshold
Creators: name: Beneke, M.
name: Kiyo, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the third-order correction to the heavy-quark current correlation function due to the emission and absorption of an ultrasoft gluon. Our result supplies a missing contribution to top-quark pair production near threshold and the determination of the bottom quark mass from QCD sum rules.
description: 10 pages, LaTeX
The structure and transcription of a rat RT1 B alpha class II gene
Creators: name: Barran, Paul Arthur
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The major histocompatibility complex of the rat (RT1 complex) encodes two sets of class II molecules referred to as RT1 B and RT1 D. The RT1 Bα gene was isolated from a Sprague-Dawley (RT1b) rat genomic library using a rat RT1 Bα chain cDNA as a hybridization probe. The coding and the majority of the intron DNA sequence was determined. The structure of the RT1 Bα gene is equivalent to that of H-2 and HLA a chain genes. Comparison of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of the RT1 Bα gene to those of the H-2 and HLA genes revealed a high degree of overall sequence conservation. However, two regions of the first external domain (a1), residues 19-23 and 45-78, exhibit marked sequence variation. Two blocks of conserved nucleotide sequence were identified in the 5' promoter region of the RT1 Bα gene that have been described in all MHC class II genes sequenced to date. These conserved sequences may be involved in the co-ordinate regulation of expression of class II genes. The cloned RT1 Bα gene was efficiently transcribed when transfected into mouse L cells.
Effect of controlled artificial disorder on the magnetic properties of EuFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_{x }$)$_2$ ferromagnetic superconductor
Creators: name: Ghimire, Sunil
name: Kończykowski, Marcin
name: Cho, Kyuil
name: Tanatar, Makariy A.
name: Torsello, Daniele
name: Veshchunov, Ivan S.
name: Tamegai, Tsuyoshi
name: Ghigo, Gianluca
name: Prozorov, Ruslan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Static (DC) and dynamic (AC, at 14 MHz and 8 GHz) magnetic susceptibilities of single crystals of a ferromagnetic superconductor, $\textrm{EuFe}_{2}(\textrm{As}_{1-x}\textrm{P}_{x})_{2}$ (x = 0.23), were measured in pristine state and after different doses of 2.5 MeV electron or 3.5 MeV proton irradiation. The superconducting transition temperature, $T_{c}(H)$, shows an extraordinarily large decrease. It starts at $T_{c}(H=0)\approx24\:\textrm{K}$ in the pristine sample for both AC and DC measurements, but moves to almost half of that value after moderate irradiation dose. Our results suggest that in $\textrm{EuFe}_{2}(\textrm{As}_{1-x}\textrm{P}_{x})_{2}$ superconductivity is affected by local-moment ferromagnetism mostly via the spontaneous internal magnetic fields induced by the FM subsystem. Another mechanism is revealed upon irradiation where magnetic defects created in ordered $\text{Eu}^{2+}$ lattice act as efficient pairbreakers leading to a significant $T_{c}$ reduction upon irradiation compared to other 122 compounds. On the other hand, the exchange interactions seem to be weakly screened by the superconducting phase leading to a modest increase of $T_{m}$ (less than 1 K) after the irradiation drives $T_{c}$ to below $T_{m}$. The results suggest that FM and SC phases coexist microscopically in the same volume.
Additional file 1 of A longitudinal analysis of immune escapes from HLA-B*13-restricted T-cell responses at early stage of CRF01_AE subtype HIV-1 infection and implications for vaccine design
Creators: name: Zhang, Hui
name: He, Chuan
name: Jiang, Fanming
name: Cao, Shuang
name: Zhao, Bin
name: Ding, Haibo
name: Dong, Tao
name: Han, Xiaoxu
name: Shang, Hong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Table S1. Information on western blotting results of all patients at the time of diagnosis. Table S2. Information on the primers used in deep sequencing of HIV RNA
Additional file 1 of NADH oxidase of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae functions as a potential mediator of virulence
Creators: name: Hao, Fei
name: Xie, Xing
name: Feng, Zhixin
name: Chen, Rong
name: Wei, Yanna
name: Liu, Jin
name: Xiong, Qiyan
name: Shao, Guoqing
name: Lin, Johnson
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1: S1. Table S1. Primers used in this study. Fig. S1. (A) Multiple sequence alignment of proteins NOX from different M. hyopneumoniae strains. (B) Phylogenetic analysis based on the NOX proteins of different M. hyopneumoniae strains by the neighbor-joining (NJ) method with the sequences available in GenBank and Uniprot Database. The numbers at the phylogenetic branches indicated the bootstrap values (1000 replicates) in percentage supporting each group. The bar represents the genetic distance. Fig. S2. Prokaryotic expression and purification of recombinant protein, WB verification of prepared polyclonal antibody. “a”, Lane M is prestained protein mass markers, with recombinant protein rNOX size of 50.6 KDa. The prepared polyclonal antibody effect of the recombinant protein rNOX was tested by Western Blot. “b”, a clear band appeared at position of 50.6 KDa. Lane 1, purified recombinant protein rNOX. Lane 2, unpurified E. coli whole bacteria protein before purification. Lane M, prestained protein mass marker. Fig. S3. SDS–PAGE analysis of purified recombinant protein of rNOX, other proteins of M. hyopneumoniae (Mhp) and BSA. Lane M, prestained protein mass marker. Lane 1, purified recombinant protein rNOX. Lane 2, bovine serum albumin (BSA). Lane 3, purified recombinant nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent flavin oxidoreductase (NFOR) protein of Mhp. Lane 4 and 6, blank. Lane 5 and 7, purified recombinant leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) protein of Mhp. Fig. S4. M. hyopneumoniae proteins with fibronectin interaction analysis by far Western blot. Lane M, prestained protein mass marker. Lane 1, purified recombinant protein rNFOR. PVDF membrane with transferred Mhp NFOR protein incubated with fibronectin and the anti-fibronectin antibody. Lane 2, 4 and 8, BSA, PVDF membrane with transferred BSA (negative control) incubated with fibronectin and the anti-fibronectin antibody. Lane 3, purified recombinant protein rNOX. PVDF membrane with transferred Mhp NOX protein incubated with fibronectin and the anti-fibronectin antibody. Lane 5, 6, 7 and 9, purified recombinant protein rLAP. PVDF membrane with transferred Mhp LAP protein incubated with fibronectin and the anti-fibronectin antibody.
Distributed CNN Inference on Resource-Constrained UAVs for Surveillance Systems: Design and Optimization
Creators: name: Jouhari, Mohammed
name: Al-Ali, Abdulla
name: Baccour, Emna
name: Mohamed, Amr
name: Erbad, Aiman
name: Guizani, Mohsen
name: Hamdi, Mounir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have attracted great interest in the last few years owing to their ability to cover large areas and access difficult and hazardous target zones, which is not the case of traditional systems relying on direct observations obtained from fixed cameras and sensors. Furthermore, thanks to the advancements in computer vision and machine learning, UAVs are being adopted for a broad range of solutions and applications. However, Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are progressing toward deeper and complex models that prevent them from being executed on-board. In this paper, we propose a DNN distribution methodology within UAVs to enable data classification in resource-constrained devices and avoid extra delays introduced by the server-based solutions due to data communication over air-to-ground links. The proposed method is formulated as an optimization problem that aims to minimize the latency between data collection and decision-making while considering the mobility model and the resource constraints of the UAVs as part of the air-to-air communication. We also introduce the mobility prediction to adapt our system to the dynamics of UAVs and the network variation. The simulation conducted to evaluate the performance and benchmark the proposed methods, namely Optimal UAV-based Layer Distribution (OULD) and OULD with Mobility Prediction (OULD-MP), were run in an HPC cluster. The obtained results show that our optimization solution outperforms the existing and heuristic-based approaches.
description: Accepted in IEEE Internet of Things Journal
title: Rhythmic analyses as a proof-procedure?
title: An initial observation on rhythmicity and projection
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Küttner, Uwe-Alexander
Publisher: name: Universität Potsdam
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 410 Linguistik

description: This paper reports a problematic case of unequivocally evidencing participant orientation to the projective force of some turn-initial demonstrative wh-clefts (DCs) within the framework of Conversation Analysis (CA) and Interactional Linguistics (IL). Conducting rhythmic analyses appears helpful in this regard, in that they disclose rhythmic regularities which suggest a speaker's orientation towards a projected turn continuation. In this particular case, rhythmic analyses can therefore be shown to meaningfully complement sequential analyses and analyses of turn-design, so as to gather additional evidence for participant orientations. In conclusion, I will point to possibly more extensive relations between rhythmicity and projection and proffer a tentative outlook for the usability of rhythmic analyses as an analytic tool in CA and IL.
description: Postprints der Universität Potsdam : Philosophische Reihe; 172
Paris nucleon-antinucleon potential constrained by recent antiprotonic-atom data and antineutron-proton total cross sections
Creators: name: El-Bennich, B.
name: Lacombe, M.
name: Loiseau, B.
name: Wycech, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on an updated Paris nucleon-antinucleon optical potential. The long- and intermediate-range real parts are obtained by G-parity transformation of the Paris nucleon-nucleon potential based on a theoretical dispersion-relation treatment of the correlated and uncorrelated two-pion exchange. The short-range imaginary potential parametrization results from the calculation of the nucleon-antinucleon annihilation box diagram into two mesons with a nucleon-antinucleon intermediate state in the crossed channel. The parametrized real and imaginary short range parts are determined by fitting not only the existing experimental data included in the 1999 version of the Paris nucleon-antinucleon potential, but also the recent antiprotonic-hydrogen data and antineutron-proton total cross sections. The description of these new observables is improved. Only this readjusted potential generates an isospin zero 1S0, 52 MeV broad quasibound state at 4.8 MeV below the threshold. Recent BES data on J/psi decays could support the existence of such a state.
description: 10 pages, 20 figures, expanded version with more details
Effects of strong correlations on the nonlinear response in Weyl-Kondo semimetals
Creators: name: Kofuji, Akira
name: Michishita, Yoshihiro
name: Peters, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonlinear responses give rise to various exciting phenomena, which are forbidden in linear responses. Among them, one of the most fascinating phenomena is the recently observed giant spontaneous Hall effect in $\mathrm{Ce_{3}Bi_{4}Pd_{3}}$. This material is a promising candidate for a Weyl-Kondo semimetal, and this experiment implies that strong correlation effects can enhance the nonlinear Hall effect. However, most theoretical studies on nonlinear responses have been limited to free systems, and the connection between nonlinear responses and strong correlation effects is poorly understood. Motivated by these experiments and recent theoretical advances to analyze strong correlation effects on the nonlinear response, we study a periodic Anderson model describing $\mathrm{Ce_{3}Bi_{4}Pd_{3}}$ using the dynamical mean-field theory. We calculate the nonlinear longitudinal conductivity and the nonlinear Hall conductivity using the Kubo formula extended to the nonlinear response regime and clarify their temperature dependences. We numerically show that strong correlations can enhance nonlinear conductivities, and we conclude that the magnitude of the experimentally observed giant nonlinear Hall effect can be explained by strong correlation effects.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures in the main text; 4 pages, 6 figures in the appendix
Scale dependent superconductor-insulator transition
Creators: name: Kowal, D.
name: Ovadyahu, Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the disorder driven superconductor to insulator transition in amorphous films of high carrier-concentration indium-oxide. Using thin films with various sizes and aspect ratios we show that the `critical' sheet-resistance $R_{\small \square}$ depends systematically on sample geometry; superconductivity disappears when $R_{\small \square}$ exceeds $\approx6 $k$Ω$ in large samples. On the other hand, wide and sufficiently short samples of the same batch exhibit superconductivity (judged by conductivity versus temperature) up to $R_{\small \square}$ which is considerably larger. These results support the inhomogeneous scenario for the superconductor-insulator transition.
description: Contribution to the proceedings of "Fluctuations and phase transitions in superconductors", Nazareth Ilit, Israel, June 10-14, 2007
Features of the Galactic Cosmic Ray Anisotropy in the Solar Cycle 24 and Solar Minima 23/24 and 24/25
Creators: name: Modzelewska, R.
name: Iskra, K.
name: Wozniak, W.
name: Siluszyk, M.
name: Alania, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the role of drift effect in the temporal changes of the anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) and the influence of the sector structure of the heliospheric magnetic field on it. We analyze the GCRs anisotropy in the Solar Cycle 24 and solar minimum 23_24 with negative polarity for the period of 2007-2009 and near minimum 24_25 with positive polarity in 2017-2018 using data of global network of Neutron Monitors. We use the harmonic analyses method to calculate the radial and tangential components of the anisotropy of GCRs for different sectors (plus corresponds to the positive and minus to the negative directions) of the heliospheric magnetic field. We compare the analysis of GCRs anisotropy using different evaluations of the mean GCRs rigidity related to Neutron Monitor observations. Then the radial and tangential components are used for characterizing the GCRs modulation in the heliosphere. We show that in the solar minimum 23_24 in 2007-2009 when negative, the drift effect is not visibly evident in the changes of the radial component, i.e. the drift effect is found to produce 4 % change in the radial component of the GCRs anisotropy for 2007-2009. Hence the diffusion dominated model of GCRs transport is more acceptable in 2007-2009. In turn, near the solar minimum 24_25 in 2017-2018 when positive, the drift effect is evidently visible and produce 40% change in the radial component of the GCRs anisotropy for 2017-2018. So in the period of 2017-2018 diffusion model with noticeably manifested drift is acceptable. The results of this work are in good agreement with the drift theory of GCRs modulation, according to which during negative (positive) polarity cycles, a drift stream of GCRs is directed toward (away from) the Sun, thus giving rise to a 22-year cycle variation of the radial GCRs anisotropy.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Measuring the tangible benefits of environmental improvement : an economic appraisal of regional crop damages due to ozone
Creators: name: Spash, Clive Laurence
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The main purpose of this thesis is to empirically calculate the welfare changes which might be expected to result from potato yield reductions caused by ambient ozone loadings in the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. The objectives of the research are: (1) to review the scientific literature pertaining to the effects of ozone loadings on agricultural crops; (2) to review the methodologies employed in previous regional economic assessments of ozone damages; and (3) to apply an economically defensible technique to the analysis of welfare losses due to ozone. Ozone in the Lower Mainland may be pictured as being restricted laterally by the mountain ranges surrounding Vancouver, and vertically by stagnant high pressure systems. Land/sea breezes aid in transporting ozone and its precursors from Vancouver up the Fraser Valley towards important crop growing regions. The highest levels of ozone occur during spring and summer coinciding with the most active season for many crops. Seasonal ambient ozone dose, measured as hours-ppm>0.10ppm was found to be high in rural areas, especially Abbotsford, during the late 1970's and early 1980's, dropping to low levels in more recent years. Potatoes are one of the economically important crops in the Lower Mainland known to be sensitive to ozone. Potato tuber weight reductions are estimated to have reached 16.5 percent in the Abbotsford region in 1981 at seasonal ambient ozone loadings. An aggregate supply/demand model is set up for potato production in B.C. based upon prior estimates of supply and demand elasticities. This model assumes the price in the B.C. market is set exogeneously by U.S. imports. Thus, all policy relevent welfare changes affect producers' quasi-rent alone. Sensitivity of the model to import price, and the price elasticity of supply is tested. A range of welfare estimates is reported for a variety of ambient ozone loadings. The total damages to potato producers, assuming all regions of B.C. are affected by the same seasonal dose as Abbotsford, are calculated to be around one million dollars at ambient ozone loadings in four out of eight years. A peak occurred in 1981 at 2.4-2.9 million dollars total damages. Damages may be overestimated because 20-30 percent of potato production takes place outside the Lower Mainland, Abbotsford often appears to receive higher ambient ozone loadings than other regions, and not all potato cultivars grown in the Lower Mainland are as sensitive to ozone as that employed here. However, there are also reasons to be cautious over discounting these estimates as too large. Potato response to ozone is restricted to tuber weight reductions while other important effects may include increased plant stress and damage to crop quality. In addition, missing air quality information for some years and stations, suggests that actual ozone dose could be higher than calculated.
Revisiting 2D Convolutional Neural Networks for Graph-based Applications
Creators: name: Lyu, Yecheng
name: Huang, Xinming
name: Zhang, Ziming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) are widely used in graph-based applications such as graph classification and segmentation. However, current GCNs have limitations on implementation such as network architectures due to their irregular inputs. In contrast, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are capable of extracting rich features from large-scale input data, but they do not support general graph inputs. To bridge the gap between GCNs and CNNs, in this paper we study the problem of how to effectively and efficiently map general graphs to 2D grids that CNNs can be directly applied to, while preserving graph topology as much as possible. We therefore propose two novel graph-to-grid mapping schemes, namely, {\em graph-preserving grid layout (GPGL)} and its extension {\em Hierarchical GPGL (H-GPGL)} for computational efficiency. We formulate the GPGL problem as integer programming and further propose an approximate yet efficient solver based on a penalized Kamada-Kawai method, a well-known optimization algorithm in 2D graph drawing. We propose a novel vertex separation penalty that encourages graph vertices to lay on the grid without any overlap. Along with this image representation, even extra 2D maxpooling layers contribute to the PointNet, a widely applied point-based neural network. We demonstrate the empirical success of GPGL on general graph classification with small graphs and H-GPGL on 3D point cloud segmentation with large graphs, based on 2D CNNs including VGG16, ResNet50 and multi-scale maxout (MSM) CNN.
description: Accepted by T-PAMI. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1909.12383
Using molecular transmission networks to understand the epidemic characteristics of HIV-1 CRF08_BC across China
Creators: name: Li, Kang
name: Liu, Meiliang
name: Chen, Huanhuan
name: Li, Jianjun
name: Liang, Yanling
name: Feng, Yi
name: Xing, Hui
name: Shao, Yiming
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: HIV-1 CRF08_BC has become a major epidemic in heterosexuals and intravenous drug users (IDUs) in southern China. In order to evaluate the trends of its epidemic and facilitate targeted HIV prevention, we constructed the genetic transmission networks based on its pol sequences, derived from the National HIV Molecular Epidemiology Survey. Through retrospective network analysis, to study the epidemiological and demographic correlations with the transmission network. Of the 1,829 study subjects, 639 (34.9%) were clustered in 151 transmission networks. Factors associated with increased clustering include IDUs, heterosexual men, young adults and people with lower education (P < 0.05 for all). The IDUs, MSM, young adult and person with low education had more potential transmission links as well (P < 0.05 for all). The most crossover links were found between heterosexual women and IDUs, with 30.9% heterosexual women linked to IDUs. The crossover links heterosexual women were mainly those with middle age and single (P < 0.001). This study indicated that the HIV-1 CRF08_BC epidemic was still on going in China with more than one third of the infected people clustered in the transmission networks. Meanwhile, the study could help identify the active CRF08_BC spreader in the local community and greatly facilitate précising AIDS prevention with targeted intervention.
Quasi-periodic changes of three dimensional solar anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays for 1965-2014
Creators: name: Modzelewska, R.
name: Alania, M. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study features of the 3D anisotropy of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) for 1965-2014. We analyze the 27-day variations of the 2D GCR anisotropy in the ecliptic plane, and the north-south anisotropy normal to the ecliptic plane. We study the dependence of the 27-day variation of the 3D GCR anisotropy on the solar cycle and solar magnetic cycle. We demonstrate that the 27-day variations of the GCR intensity and anisotropy can be used as an important tool to study solar wind, solar activity and heliosphere. We use the components of the 3D GCR anisotropy found based on hourly data of neutron monitors (NMs) and muon telescopes (MTs) using the harmonic analyses and spectrographic methods. We correct 2D diurnal variation of the GCR intensity for the influence of the Earth magnetic field. We derive the north-south component of the GCR anisotropy based on the GG index calculated as the difference in GCR intensities of Nagoya multidirectional MTs. We show that behavior of the 27-variation of the 3D anisotropy verifies an existence of a stable long-lived active heliolongitudes on the sun. This finding illustrates usefulness of the 27-day variation of the GCR anisotropy as a unique proxy to study solar wind, solar activity and heliosphere. We distinguish a tendency of the 22-year changes of the amplitudes of the 27-day variation of the 2D anisotropy connected with the solar magnetic cycle. We demonstrate that the amplitudes of the 27-day variation of the north-south component of the anisotropy vary upon the 11 year solar cycle, however, a dependence of the solar magnetic polarity hardly can be recognized. We show that the 27-day recurrences of the $GG$ index and At component are in a high positive correlation, and both are highly correlated with By component of the heliospheric magnetic field.
description: 7 pages, 10 figures
A jeu de taquin theory for increasing tableaux, with applications to K-theoretic Schubert calculus
Creators: name: Thomas, Hugh
name: Yong, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We introduce a theory of jeu de taquin for increasing tableaux, extending fundamental work of [Schützenberger '77] for standard Young tableaux. We apply this to give a new combinatorial rule for the K-theory Schubert calculus of Grassmannians via K-theoretic jeu de taquin, providing an alternative to the rules of [Buch '02] and others. This rule naturally generalizes to give a conjectural root-system uniform rule for any minuscule flag variety G/P, extending [Thomas-Yong '06]. We also present analogues of results of Fomin, Haiman, Schensted and Schützenberger.
description: 22 pages; v2 has edits to references; v3 has significant revisions/corrections, as well as new results
Boundary regularity via Uhlenbeck-Rivière decomposition
Creators: name: Müller, Frank
name: Schikorra, Armin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J45 (Primary) 35B65, 53A10 (Secondary)

description: We prove that weak solutions of systems with skew-symmetric structure, which possess a continuous boundary trace, have to be continuous up to the boundary. This applies, e.g., to the H-surface system with bounded H and thus extends an earlier result by P. Strzelecki and proves the natural counterpart of a conjecture by E. Heinz. Methodically, we use estimates below natural exponents of integrability and a recent decomposition result by T.Rivière.
description: 20 pages
Ionized gas properties of the extreme starburst galaxy Haro 11. Temperature and metal abundance discrepancies
Creators: name: Menacho, V.
name: Bik, G. Östlin A.
name: Adamo, A.
name: Bergvall, N.
name: Della Bruna, L.
name: Hayes, M.
name: Melinder, J.
name: Rivera-Thorsen, E. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use high quality VLT/MUSE data to study the kinematics and the ionized gas properties of Haro 11, a well known starburst merger system and the closest confirmed Lyman continuum leaking galaxy. We present results from integrated line maps, and from maps in three velocity bins comprising the blueshifted, systemic and redshifted emission. The kinematic analysis reveals complex velocities resulting from the interplay of virial motions and momentum feedback. Star formation happens intensively in three compact knots (knots A, B and C), but one, knot C, dominates the energy released in supernovae. The halo is characterised by low gas density and extinction, but with large temperature variations, coincident with fast shock regions. Moreover, we find large temperature discrepancies in knot C, when using different temperature-sensitive lines. The relative impact of the knots in the metal enrichment differs. While knot B is strongly enriching its closest surrounding, knot C is likely the main distributor of metals in the halo. In knot A, part of the metal enriched gas seems to escape through low density channels towards the south. We compare the metallicities from two methods and find large discrepancies in knot C, a shocked area, and the highly ionized zones, that we partially attribute to the effect of shocks. This work shows, that traditional relations developed from averaged measurements or simplified methods, fail to probe the diverse conditions of the gas in extreme environments. We need robust relations that include realistic models where several physical processes are simultaneously at work.
description: Paper accepted for publication in MNRAS
Motion Representations for Articulated Animation
Creators: name: Siarohin, Aliaksandr
name: Woodford, Oliver J.
name: Ren, Jian
name: Chai, Menglei
name: Tulyakov, Sergey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We propose novel motion representations for animating articulated objects consisting of distinct parts. In a completely unsupervised manner, our method identifies object parts, tracks them in a driving video, and infers their motions by considering their principal axes. In contrast to the previous keypoint-based works, our method extracts meaningful and consistent regions, describing locations, shape, and pose. The regions correspond to semantically relevant and distinct object parts, that are more easily detected in frames of the driving video. To force decoupling of foreground from background, we model non-object related global motion with an additional affine transformation. To facilitate animation and prevent the leakage of the shape of the driving object, we disentangle shape and pose of objects in the region space. Our model can animate a variety of objects, surpassing previous methods by a large margin on existing benchmarks. We present a challenging new benchmark with high-resolution videos and show that the improvement is particularly pronounced when articulated objects are considered, reaching 96.6% user preference vs. the state of the art.
Controlling Text Edition by Changing Answers of Specific Questions
Creators: name: Sha, Lei
name: Hohenecker, Patrick
name: Lukasiewicz, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we introduce the new task of controllable text edition, in which we take as input a long text, a question, and a target answer, and the output is a minimally modified text, so that it fits the target answer. This task is very important in many situations, such as changing some conditions, consequences, or properties in a legal document, or changing some key information of an event in a news text. This is very challenging, as it is hard to obtain a parallel corpus for training, and we need to first find all text positions that should be changed and then decide how to change them. We constructed the new dataset WikiBioCTE for this task based on the existing dataset WikiBio (originally created for table-to-text generation). We use WikiBioCTE for training, and manually labeled a test set for testing. We also propose novel evaluation metrics and a novel method for solving the new task. Experimental results on the test set show that our proposed method is a good fit for this novel NLP task.
Chemical bonding origin of the thermoelectric power factor in Half-Heusler semiconductors
Creators: name: Tolborg, Kasper
name: Iversen, Bo B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermetallic semiconductors with the cubic Half-Heusler structure (XYZ) have excellent thermoelectric properties. This has been attributed to the high degeneracy of the carrier pockets in the band structure, but large differences are found between different material compositions. Half-Heuslers are often interpreted within Zintl chemistry, making a clear distinction between an electropositive cation ($X^{n+}$) and an extended polyanion ($YZ^{n-}$). Based on quantitative real space chemical bonding analysis, we unravel large degrees of covalent bonding between the formal cation and anion, making the Zintl distinction clearly invalid. This covalence is shown to strongly affect the band structure, thermoelectric properties and response properties in the materials, with improved thermoelectric properties observed for those materials that least follow the Zintl concept. This expands our knowledge of the chemical bonding motifs governing physical properties, and gives a critical view on the simplistic chemical concepts too often applied for design of complex materials.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures
Understand HIVST Preferences Among Key Populations in Thailand Using a Discrete Choice Experiment
Creators: name: Prakot, Sirinan
Publisher: name: University of Illinois at Chicago
Year: 2024

description: HIV testing is vital for disease prevention and accessing lifesaving treatments, yet testing rates remain suboptimal, especially among high-risk populations such as cisgender men who have sex with men (cisgender MSM) and transgender women (TGW). HIV self-testing (HIVST) has emerged as a potential solution for reaching individuals who may face barriers or prefer not to use facility-based testing services. Although HIVST has been found feasible and acceptable for cisgender MSM and TGW, the current evidence lacks sufficient detail to guide decision-making for HIVST program development tailored to these groups, particularly in Thailand, where self-testing has only recently become legally available. This dissertation study aimed to fill these knowledge gaps by gaining a comprehensive understanding of the HIVST preferences and decision-making processes of Thai cisgender MSM and TGW.

Employing a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with an online cross-sectional design, data were collected from 417 Thai cisgender MSM and TGW recruited both online and offline. The analytical findings are conveyed in two manuscripts. The first presents DCE findings, describing participants’ preferences across eight HIVST attributes (cost, specimen type, acquisition and testing locations, mode of administration, need for assistance, and mode and timing of post-test counseling) and how these preferences varied based on individual characteristics. The second manuscript focuses on participants’ awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of HIVST, examining how these elements are linked to HIVST usage.

Among key findings, cost was the primary factor influencing HIVST service selection. Lower-cost options provided by LGBTQ community-based organizations or clinics were preferred, along with online counseling methods. The study also revealed that individuals who had greater knowledge about HIVST, perceived more benefits, and saw fewer barriers were more likely to use HIVST. Interestingly, those with lower HIVST self-efficacy and higher perceived risk of HIV infection were also more inclined to use HIVST.

The study findings offer a comprehensive understanding of what drives HIVST uptake among Thai cisgender MSM and TGW. These insights are crucial for tailoring HIVST programs to the specific needs of this population, not only in Thailand but also in other countries facing similar challenges.
Lyman continuum leakage from low-mass galaxies with Mstar < 1.E8 Msun
Creators: name: Izotov, Y. I.
name: Worseck, G.
name: Schaerer, D.
name: Guseva, N. G.
name: Chisholm, J.
name: Thuan, T. X.
name: Fricke, K. J.
name: Verhamme, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present observations with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph onboard the Hubble Space Telescope of nine low-mass star-forming galaxies at redshifts, z, in the range 0.3179-0.4524, with stellar masses Mstar < 10^8 M and veruny high specific star-formation rates sSFR~150-630 Gyr^{-1}, aiming to study the dependence of leaking Lyman continuum (LyC) emission on stellar mass and some other characteristics of the galaxy. We detect LyC emission in four out of nine galaxies with escape fractions, fesc(LyC), in the range of 11-35 per cent, and establish upper limits for fesc(LyC) in the remaining five galaxies. We observe a narrow Ly-alpha emission line with two peaks in seven galaxies and likely more complex Ly-alpha profiles in the two remaining galaxies. The velocity separation between the peaks Vsep varies in the range from ~229 km/s to ~512 km/s. Our additional data on low-mass galaxies confirm and strengthen the tight anti-correlation between fesc(LyC) and Vsep found for previous low-redshift galaxy samples with higher stellar masses. Vsep remains the best indirect indicator of LyC leakage. It is better than O32 on which fesc(LyC) depends weakly, with a large scatter. Finally, contrary to expectations, we find no increase of fesc(LyC) with decreasing galaxy stellar mass Mstar.
description: 19 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1805.09865. A few typos are fixed
title: Advances in the Measurement of Adult Mortality from Data on Orphanhood
Creators: name: Timaeus, IM
Publisher: name: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Year: 1990

description: The premature death of adults is a major, but poorly documented, health problem in developing countries. The inadequacy of registration statistics and difficulty of collecting accurate data directly in surveys mean that indirect methods of analysis, particularly those based on orphanhood, represent an important source of adult mortality estimates. Assessments of the orphanhood method have expressed concern about the robustness of the procedures used to estimate life table indices from orphanhood data, particularly for males, about under-reporting of orphanhood, particularly among children (the ‘adoption effect’), and about the ways that complete life tables are derived from indirect estimates. Investigation of the estimation procedures suggests that they are very robust for female mortality and acceptably so for male mortality. Small increases in accuracy would accrue from use of a regression based method to estimate male mortality, that incorporates a more sophisticated fertility model than the original method. Such a procedure is presented, together with one for female mortality based on consistent assumptions. Existing methods for fitting life tables to indirect estimates are sometimes less satisfactory. An alternative approach is proposed and assessed. In some countries, orphanhood estimates are seriously biased by the adoption effect. Such errors can be reduced by techniques that analyze data on orphanhood in adulthood. Two such methods are developed and tested. The first estimates mortality from period data on orphanhood after age 20; the second uses data on orphanhood since first marriage. The methods are sensitive to age exaggeration, but data on young adults are a promising source of recent estimates of adult mortality. Finally, procedures are presented for analyzing data on orphanhood prior to marriage. In countries where adults report this information accurately, it can be used to measure adult mortality up to 35 years before the data were collected.
Nonsupersymmetric Flux Vacua and Perturbed N=2 Systems
Creators: name: Hollands, Lotte
name: Marsano, Joseph
name: Papadodimas, Kyriakos
name: Shigemori, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We geometrically engineer N=2 theories perturbed by a superpotential by adding 3-form flux with support at infinity to local Calabi-Yau geometries in type IIB. This allows us to apply the formalism of Ooguri, Ookouchi, and Park [arXiv:0704.3613] to demonstrate that, by tuning the flux at infinity, we can stabilize the dynamical complex structure moduli in a metastable, supersymmetry-breaking configuration. Moreover, we argue that this setup can arise naturally as a limit of a larger Calabi-Yau which separates into two weakly interacting regions; the flux in one region leaks into the other, where it appears to be supported at infinity and induces the desired superpotential. In our endeavor to confirm this picture in cases with many 3-cycles, we also compute the CIV-DV prepotential for arbitrary number of cuts up to fifth order in the glueball fields.
description: 70 pages (47 pages + 4 appendices), 10 figures
An X-ray survey of low-mass stars in Trumpler 16 with Chandra
Creators: name: Albacete-Colombo, J. F.
name: Damiani, F.
name: Micela, G.
name: Sciortino, S.
name: Harnden, F. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We identify and characterize low-mass stars in the ~3 Myr old Trumpler 16 (Tr16) region by means of a deep Chandra X-ray observation, and study their optical and near-IR properties. We compare X-ray activity of Tr16 stars with known characteristics of Orion and Cygnus OB2 stars. We analyzed a 88.4 ksec Chandra ACIS-I observation pointed at the center of Tr16. Because of diffuse X-ray emission, source detection was performed using the PWDetect code for two different energy ranges: 0.5-8.0 keV and 0.9-8.0 keV. Results were merged into a single final list. We positionally correlate X-ray sources with optical and 2MASS catalogues. Source events were extracted with the IDL-based routine ACIS-Extract. X-ray variability was characterized using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and spectra were fitted by using XSPEC. X-ray spectra of early-type, massive stars were analyzed individually. Our list of X-ray sources consists of 1035 entries, 660 of which have near-IR counterparts and are probably associated with Tr16 members. From near-IR color-color and color-magnitudes diagrams we compute individual masses of stars and their Av values. About 15% of the near-IR counterparts show disk-induced excesses. X-ray variability is found in 77 sources. X-ray emission from OB stars appear softer than the low-mass stars. The Tr16 region has a very rich population of low-mass X-ray emitting stars. An important fraction of its circumstellar disks survive the intense radiation field of its massive stars. Stars with masses 1.5-2.5 Mo display X-ray activity similar to that of stars in Cyg OB2 but much less intense than observed for Orion Nebula Cluster members.
description: 19 pages, 3 ellectronic tables and 19 figures. Accepted for publication at the A&A
The Observation of Ferroelastic and Ferrielectric Domains in AgNbO3 Single Crystal
Creators: name: Zhao, Wei
name: Fu, Zhengqian
name: Deng, Jianming
name: Li, Song
name: Han, Yifeng
name: Li, Man-Rong
name: Wang, Xueyun
name: Hong, Jiawang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compared to AgNbO3 based ceramics, the experimental investigations on the single crystalline AgNbO3, especially the ground state and ferroic domain structures, are not on the same level. Here in this work, based on successfully synthesized AgNbO3 single crystal using flux method, we observed the coexistence of ferroelastic and ferrielectric domain structures by a combination study of polarized light microscopy and piezoresponse force microscope, this finding may provide a new aspect for studying AgNbO3. The result also suggests a weak electromechanical response from the ferrielectric phase of AgNbO3 which is also supported by the transmission electron microscope characterization. Our results reveal that the AgNbO3 single crystal is in a polar ferrielectric phase at room temperature, clarifying its ground state which is controversial from the AgNbO3 ceramic materials.