cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: German migration policy since WWII
Creators: name: Melchiorre, Gian Luca
Year: 2021

description: Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der deutschen Migrationspolitik und Umgang mit der Flüchtlingskrise von 2015, indem sie die aktuellen Entwicklungen mit der Geschichte des Landes bezogen auf Einwanderung und Migrationspolitik im 20. Jahrhundert vergleicht. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf den theoretischen Rahmen der Nationalismus- und nationalen Identitätstheorie, und kombiniert historische Analyse mit eigener Forschung, um die Hypothese aufzustellen, dass Deutschlands historisches Vermächtnis und die Lasten der Vergangenheit den deutschen Handlungsspielraum in der Krise eingeschränkt haben. Die Arbeit kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass in der Realität geopolitische und humanitäre Beweggründe, auch im Hinblick auf die EU-interne Dynamik, die historische Verantwortung im deutschen Umgang mit der Flüchtlingskrise überwogen haben. Des Weiteren untersucht die Arbeit den starken rechtspopulistischen Widerstand gegen Zuwanderung in den 1990er Jahren und in jüngster Zeit mit der AfD und verknüpft dies mit einer mangelhaften Einwanderungs- und Integrationspolitik im 20. Jahrhundert, sowie mit strukturellen Schwierigkeiten nach der Wiedervereinigung.
description: The thesis analyses Germany’s migration policymaking and management of the 2015 Refugee Crisis, juxtaposing contemporary developments with the country’s history with immigration and migration policy in the 20th century. The thesis relies on the conceptual framework of nationalism and national identity theory and combines historical analysis with original research to pose the hypothesis that Germany’s historical legacy and burdens of the past have limited the country’s decision-making during the crisis. However, the study finds that in reality, geopolitical and humanitarian considerations, also with respect to EU internal dynamics, have outweighed historical responsibilities in Germany’s handling of the refugee crisis. Further, the thesis investigates the strong populist right-wing pushback to immigration, in the 1990s and in recent times with the Alternative für Deutschland and relates this to inadequate immigration and integration policy making in Germany in the 20th century guided by the perception that Germany was not a country of immigration, as well as due to structural issues in reunified Germany as a consequence of the country’s double past.
On the Closest Vector Problem with a Distance Guarantee
Creators: name: Dadush, Daniel
name: Regev, Oded
name: Stephens-Davidowitz, Noah
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Computational Complexity (cs.CC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a substantially more efficient variant, both in terms of running time and size of preprocessing advice, of the algorithm by Liu, Lyubashevsky, and Micciancio for solving CVPP (the preprocessing version of the Closest Vector Problem, CVP) with a distance guarantee. For instance, for any $α< 1/2$, our algorithm finds the (unique) closest lattice point for any target point whose distance from the lattice is at most $α$ times the length of the shortest nonzero lattice vector, requires as preprocessing advice only $N \approx \widetilde{O}(n \exp(α^2 n /(1-2α)^2))$ vectors, and runs in time $\widetilde{O}(nN)$. As our second main contribution, we present reductions showing that it suffices to solve CVP, both in its plain and preprocessing versions, when the input target point is within some bounded distance of the lattice. The reductions are based on ideas due to Kannan and a recent sparsification technique due to Dadush and Kun. Combining our reductions with the LLM algorithm gives an approximation factor of $O(n/\sqrt{\log n})$ for search CVPP, improving on the previous best of $O(n^{1.5})$ due to Lagarias, Lenstra, and Schnorr. When combined with our improved algorithm we obtain, somewhat surprisingly, that only O(n) vectors of preprocessing advice are sufficient to solve CVPP with (the only slightly worse) approximation factor of O(n).
description: An early version of the paper was titled "On Bounded Distance Decoding and the Closest Vector Problem with Preprocessing". Conference on Computational Complexity (2014)
title: Flucht und Shoah – biografisches Arbeiten und historisches Lernen im Geschichtsunterricht mithilfe eines lebensgeschichtlichen Video-Interviews
Creators: name: Reitinger, Ingrid
Year: 2021

description: Während sich antisemitisch motivierte Übergriffe in Österreich in den letzten Jahren gehäuft haben, wird die Generation Überlebender, die noch aus erster Hand über die Zeit des NS-Regimes berichten können, bald ausgestorben sein. ZeitzeugInnengespräche sind jedoch in den letzten Jahrzenten zu einem festen Bestandteil der schwierigen, aber wichtigen Vermittlung der Shoah an Schulen, spezieller im Geschichtsunterricht geworden. Eine Alternative zu ZeitzeugInnengesprächen könnten videografierte Interviews mit Überlebenden darstellen. In dieser Masterarbeit wird daher ergründet, wie diese Quellenart zielführend im Geschichtsunterricht eingesetzt werden und historisches Lernen fördern kann. Während im ersten theoretischen Teil vorwiegend das Feld der Holocaust Education und die Quellenart der Video-Interviews diskutiert wird, widmet sich der zweite praktische Teil einem konkreten Video-Interview mit einer Zeitzeugin aus Wien, Frau Gertraud Fletzberger, welche als Kind aufgrund des jüdischen Hintergrunds ihres Vaters mithilfe eines Kindertransports nach Schweden fliehen konnte. Dass der Fokus im praktischen Teil auf dem Thema „Flucht und Shoah“ liegt, entstammt dem Anspruch im Geschichtsunterricht einen Gegenwartsbezug zwischen dem historischen Thema der Shoah und der Lebenswelt der SchülerInnen herzustellen. Das Thema Flucht umgibt uns heute überall und viele SchülerInnen in Österreich bringen selbst einen Fluchthintergrund mit. Auf Basis des Video-Interviews mit Frau Fletzberger findet sich abschließend ein Unterrichtskonzept für eine Projektarbeit im Geschichtsunterricht mit dem Titel „Flucht und Shoah“. Mit dem Ziel historisches Lernen und biografisches Arbeiten zu verknüpfen, wird darin zum einen das Video-Interview mit Frau Fletzberger intensiv von den SchülerInnen bearbeitet und zum anderen ein prozessorientiertes Portfolio und ein Video-Interview mit KlassenkameradInnen als Lernprodukte erstellt. Neben dem Anspruch historisches Lernen zu fördern, sollen SchülerInnen, mit denen das vorgestellte Projekt durchgeführt wird, am Ende der Unterrichtseinheiten ein Bewusstsein und besseres Verständnis für das gegenwärtige Phänomen von Flucht verknüpft mit dem Thema Shoah haben und Empathie für von Flucht Betroffene entwickelt haben.
Simplicity of condensed matter at its core: Generic definition of a Roskilde-simple system
Creators: name: Schrøder, Thomas B.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory of isomorphs is reformulated by defining Roskilde-simple systems (those with isomorphs) by the property that the order of the potential energies of configurations at one density is maintained when these are scaled uniformly to a different density. Isomorphs remain curves in the thermodynamic phase diagram along which structure, dynamics, and excess entropy are invariant, implying that the phase diagram is effectively one-dimensional with respect to many reduced-unit properties. In contrast to the original formulation of the isomorph theory, however, the density-scaling exponent is not exclusively a function of density and the isochoric heat capacity is not an exact isomorph invariant. A prediction is given for the latter quantity's variation along the isomorphs. Molecular dynamics simulations of the Lennard-Jones and Lennard-Jones Gaussian systems validate the new approach.
title: The bumpy road to the Eurozone – a comparative study of the economic conditions of Bulgaria and Romania
Creators: name: Petcova, Evelina
Year: 2021

description: Die vorliegende Masterarbeit stellt eine vergleichende Analyse der Wirtschaftsleistung Bulgariens und Rumäniens dar. Der Autor betrachtet verschiedene wirtschaftliche und politische Kriterien, die im Lichte der Theorie des optimalen Währungsraums analysiert wurden, sowie die wirtschaftlichen und rechtlichen Kriterien für der Währungsintegration der Europäischen Union – der Eurozone. Der Autor möchtet den Grad der Ähnlichkeit zwischen den beiden Ländern feststellen und eine vernünftige Einschätzung treffen, ob beide einen ausreichenden Grad an Bereitschaft aufweisen und wirtschaftliche Entwicklung davon auszugehen, dass sie bereit sind, einer Währungsunion beizutreten. Der Autor beweist, dass Bulgarien und Rumänien in den meisten Kriterien, die von der Theorie des optimalen Währungsraums entwickelt wurden, signifikante Ähnlichkeiten und zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse aufweisen. Die Kriterien für die europäische Konvergenz führen jedoch zu unterschiedlichen Schlussfolgerungen.
description: The present Master Thesis represents a comparative analysis of the performance of Bulgaria and Romania in various economic indicators since their accession to the European Union. The author considers several economic and political criteria analyzed in the light of the Optimum Currency Area, and the economic and legal criteria related to the monetary integration of the European Union - the Eurozone. It is aimed to establish the level of similarity between the two countries and to make a reasonable assessment of whether both show a sufficient level of readiness and economic development to assume that they are ready to join a monetary union and that this would lead to even greater economic prosperity in the region. The author proves that in most of the criteria developed by the theory of the Optimum Currency Area, Bulgaria and Romania show significant similarities and satisfactory results. However, the criteria for European convergence lead to different conclusions.
Double Extended Cubic Peakon Equation
Creators: name: Popowicz, Ziemowit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Hamiltonian structure for the supersymmetric $N=2$ Novikov equation is presented. The bosonic sector give us two-component generalization of the cubic peakon equation. The double extended: two-component and two-peakon Novikov equation is defined. The Bi-Hamiltonian structure for this extended system is constructed.
description: the misprints are corrected
An inequality for spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
Creators: name: Takahashi, Daisuke A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An inequality for spin-$F$ Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) $ F^2(ρ^2-|Θ|^2)-\boldsymbol{M}^2\ge0 $ is reported, where $ρ$, $Θ$, and $\boldsymbol{M}$ represent the density, singlet pair amplitude, and magnetization vector, respectively. The distribution of high-symmetry spinors in the allowed region by the inequality is elucidated with using the Majorana representation. The result is illustrated by the example of spin-2 BECs.
description: 3 pages, 2 figures, final version published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn
Characterization of Synthetic Peptides for Use as an Artificial Oxygen Transporting Material
Creators: name: NIMESH RUDRA
name: Chavez, Alex
name: Rodgers, Abigail
name: Preston, Connor
name: Lopez, Virginia
name: Chiranjit Dutta
name: Solomon, Lee
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Blood uses a protein called hemoglobin to carry oxygen to the body’s tissues. Currently, in cases of blood transfusions, donated blood is used by hospitals and Emergency Medical Services. However, this process is fraught with complications including maintaining the precise storage conditions, a relatively short storage life, and contamination risk. The purpose of this project is to create a simpler, synthetic version of hemoglobin that can bind oxygen efficiently which could be used in emergency situations reliably without the complications that accompany natural blood. The project involved testing various hydrophobic series of peptides and characterizing which best mimics hemoglobin. Peptides are synthesized by a solid-phase peptide synthesis protocol and purified through High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Samples were characterized by testing for redox potential through redox titration, temperature-dependent stability through Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and structure through Circular Dichroism and Atomic Force Microscopy. The peptides were found to be in fiber form and the lysine-leucine peptide series that was tested generally had redox potentials with increased affinity to oxygen than hemoglobin. If the synthesized peptides are resilient and carry oxygen, it could pave the way for a reliable alternate to human blood and save the lives of patients with limited time.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Additional file 2 of Performance evaluation of the particle swarm optimization algorithm to unambiguously estimate plasma parameters from incoherent scatter radar signals
Creators: name: Martínez-Ledesma, Miguel
name: Montoya, Francisco Jaramillo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Cancer
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 2. Monte Carlo simulation results of the PSO algorithm.
Line of Dirac Nodes in Hyper-Honeycomb Lattices
Creators: name: Mullen, Kieran
name: Uchoa, Bruno
name: Glatzhofer, Daniel T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a family of free fermion lattice models that have "Dirac loops", closed lines of Dirac nodes in momentum space, on which the density of states vanishes linearly with energy. Those lattices all possess the planar trigonal connectivity present in graphene, but are three dimensional. We show that their highly anisotropic and multiply-connected Fermi surface leads to quantized Hall conductivities in three dimensions for magnetic fields with toroidal geometry. In the presence of spin-orbit coupling, we show that those structures have topological surface states. We discuss the feasibility of realizing the structures as new allotropes of carbon.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures. Published version
Additional file 1 of Revealing oral microbiota composition and functionality associated with heavy cigarette smoking
Creators: name: Bataineh, Mohammad Tahseen Al
name: Nihar Ranjan Dash
name: Elkhazendar, Mohammed
name: Dua’a Mohammad Hasan Alnusairat
name: Darwish, Islam Mohammad Ismail
name: Al-Hajjaj, Mohamed Saleh
name: Qutayba Hamid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Figure S1. Oral microbiota community composition of smokers vs. non-smoker groups. Figure S2. Oral microbiota composition based on Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) score. Figure S3. Effects of smoking and nicotine dependence on oral microbiota richness and diversity.
Selective dynamical decoupling for quantum state transfer
Creators: name: Frydrych, Holger
name: Hoskovec, Antonín
name: Alber, Gernot
name: Jex, Igor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: State transfer across discrete quantum networks is one of the elementary tasks of quantum information processing. Its aim is the faithful placement of information into a specific position in the network. However, all physical systems suffer from imperfections, which can severely limit the transfer fidelity. We present selective dynamical decoupling schemes which are capable of stabilizing imperfect quantum state transfer protocols on the model of a bent linear qubit chain. The efficiency of the schemes is tested and verified in numerical simulations on a number of realistic cases. The simulations demonstrate that these selective dynamical decoupling schemes are capable of suppressing unwanted errors in quantum state transfer protocols efficiently.
description: 20 pages, 9 figures
Interference mitigation using a ML-driven xApp in O-RAN architecture
Creators: name: DIANA LIN
name: SAMARTH BHARGAV
name: Kabigting, Nathaniel
name: Azuka Chiejina
name: Shah, Vijay
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: The proliferation of wireless devices and technologies has led to an increase in the number of bad actors in cellular networks. Consequently, the differentiation between signals of interest (SOI) and various types of interference has become crucial in mitigating performance degradation in the network. We leverage the flexibility of Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture to implement an interference-classifying microservice capable of controlling communication between user and base station. By deploying a trained convolutional neural network (CNN) in a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC), we are able to classify and mitigate different types of interference with up to 98.9% accuracy. Our deployment of the microservice as an extended application (xApp) dynamically adjusts the modulation coding scheme (MCS), resulting in a more stable bitrate and a lower block error rate under conditions with interference as opposed to using a fixed MCS.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
External stability for Spherically Symmetric Solutions in Lorentz Breaking Massive Gravity
Creators: name: Addazi, Andrea
name: Capozziello, Salvatore
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss spherically symmetric solutions for point-like sources in Lorentz-breaking massive gravity theories. This analysis is valid for Stückelberg's effective field theory formulation, for Lorentz Breaking Massive Bigravity and general extensions of gravity leading to an extra term $-Sr^γ$ added to the Newtonian potential. The approach consists in analyzing the stability of the geodesic equations, at the first order (deviation equation). The main result is a strong constrain in the space of parameters of the theories. This motivates higher order analysis of geodesic perturbations in order to understand if a class of spherically symmetric Lorentz-breaking massive gravity solutions, for self-gravitating systems, exists. Stable and phenomenologically acceptable solutions are discussed in the no-trivial case $S\neq 0$.
description: 10 pg, 1 figure, to appear in Int. Jou. Theor. Phys
Understanding the spread of racism through mathematical modeling, analysis and simulation
Creators: name: NOSSIM MSECHU
name: Ogueda, Alonso
name: Padmanabhan Seshaiyer
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Racial discrimination has continued to play a factor in the many lives of minorities in America. This research project aims to understand the passage of racism through different stages and illustrate how certain factors can minimize the spread of these ideals through mathematical modeling. The SIR (Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered) model, traditionally used in epidemiology to analyze the spread of infectious disease, is adapted to highlight the specific groups who interact with the spread of racism. The utilization of the SIR model in the context of racism allows for an alternate perspective to transmission of discriminatory beliefs and initiatives within social settings. The new model created was numerically solved and validated for various transmission parameters. The research will also address the role of bystanders in situations of racial bias, where individuals witnessing discriminatory acts possess the power to intervene, however, choose not to actively share their beliefs. The implications of this interdisciplinary research not only offers insightful information about the dynamics of discrimination using mathematical modeling but establishes the importance of responsibility to encourage action among bystanders further transforming the impact of societal attitudes and behaviors.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
On automatic homeomorphicity for transformation monoids
Creators: name: Pech, Christian
name: Pech, Maja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 08A35 (Primary), 54H15, 03C15, 03C50 (Secondary)

description: Transformation monoids carry a canonical topology --- the topology of point-wise convergence. A closed transformation monoid $\mathfrak{M}$ is said to have automatic homeomorphicity with respect to a class $\mathcal{K}$ of structures, if every monoid-isomorphism of $\mathfrak{M}$ to the endomorphism monoid of a member of $\mathcal{K}$ is automatically a homeomorphism. In this paper we show automatic homeomorphicity-properties for the monoid of non-decreasing functions on the rationals, the monoid of non-expansive functions on the Urysohn space and the endomorphism-monoid of the countable universal homogeneous poset.
description: 21 pages
title: EU cohesion at the General Assembly
Creators: name: Ragger, David
Year: 2021

description: In dieser Masterarbeit wird das Abstimmungsverhalten der EU-Mitgliedstaaten in der UN-Generalversammlung von 2004 bis 2020 analysiert. Dazu werden Daten zu den Abstimmungen von der 59. bis zur 74. Sitzungsperiode verwendet. In den letzten sechs Jahren ist die Geschlossenheit der EU bei Abstimmungen zu Abrüstung gesunken. EU-Mitgliedstaaten, die nicht Teil der NATO sind, weichen dabei öfter von der EU-Mehrheit ab, da diese und NATO-Mitgliedstaaten in ihren Positionen zum neuen Thema des Atomwaffenverbotsvertrags (TPNW) gespalten sind. Im selben Zeitraum blieb die Geschlossenheit der EU bei anderen Themen konstant, und stieg sogar bei Abstimmungen zu Frieden und Sicherheit. Die Arbeit stützt sich auf bestehende Literatur zum EU-Abstimmungsverhalten in der Generalversammlung, sowie auf Literatur zur Europäisierung von Außenpolitik. Die Entstehung des TPNW, die unterschiedlichen Positionen der EU-Mitgliedstaaten dazu, sowie deren Auswirkungen auf die Geschlossenheit der EU werden ebenfalls analysiert.
description: In this thesis, voting cohesion among EU members in the UN General Assembly from 2004 to 2020 is analysed using voting data from the 59th to the 74th Session of the UN General Assembly. A decline in EU cohesion on disarmament votes can be observed for the last 6 years. This decline is due to increased defections from the EU majority by member states which are not part of NATO, caused by a split among NATO and non-NATO EU members on the new issue of the TPNW banning nuclear weapons. In the same time period, cohesion remained stable for other matters, and even increased for votes on peace and security issues. The thesis draws on existing literature on EU voting cohesion, and on literature on the Europeanization of foreign policy. The process leading to the adoption of the TPNW, the positions of EU members towards it and its effects on EU cohesion are analysed as well.
Quantum coherence and correlations in quantum system
Creators: name: Xi, Zhengjun
name: Li, Yongming
name: Fan, Heng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Criteria of measure quantifying quantum coherence, a unique property of quantum system, are proposed recently. In this paper, we first give an uncertainty-like expression relating the coherence and the entropy of quantum system. This finding allows us to discuss the relations between the entanglement and the coherence. Further, we discuss in detail the relations among the coherence, the discord and the deficit in the bipartite quantum system. We show that, the one-way quantum deficit is equal to the sum between quantum discord and the relative entropy of coherence of measured subsystem.
description: 14 pages, comments welcome
Predicting Dancers’ Jumping Patterns through the Health of Bone Cartilage Using Mathematical Modelling and Simulation
Creators: name: NATASHA GROVES
name: Padmanabhan Seshaiyer
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Many dancers overwork their jumps without proper rest – causing the body’s cartilage (or shock absorbers, which reduce the impact of the jump on the joints) to become damaged or wear away. The affected cartilage can lead to various negative effects including limited movements such as not being able to jump as well. This study incorporated mass-spring-damper (MSD) models and for describing the equations of motion (EOM) using a system of coupled second order equations. These were then solved using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method to predict the dancer’s jumping patterns and to understand how losses of cartilage in specific places of the human body can affect a dancer’s jumping patterns for a specific initial velocity. The MSD model varied in complexity (ranging from one mass, one spring, and one damper to three masses, three springs, and three dampers) to modeling the entire human body. The masses represented specific parts of the body (lower leg, upper leg, and portion of body above hips), the springs representing joints (ankle, knee, and hip), and the dampers representing shock absorbers (hyaline/ankle cartilage, meniscus/knee cartilage, and articular/hip cartilage). This interdisciplinary research uses mathematical modeling to compare the graphs of different MSD models to understand how cartilage (healthy and deteriorated) affects a dancer’s jumping patterns.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Analysis of Population Dynamics: Unraveling the Migration Patterns of Ukrainians during the 2022-2023 War
Creators: name: DANIELLE SITALO
name: Padmanabhan Seshaiyer
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 caused a major displacement crisis, with nearly one third of Ukrainians, mostly women and children, forced to flee their country. Despite leaving their homes, many express a strong attachment to their homeland and a desire to return once the war is over. Reasons for their willingness to return include reuniting with family and friends, the challenges of living abroad, and a desire to rebuild their lives in familiar surroundings. This project focuses on the development of a mathematical model that describes the social dynamics of Ukrainian sub-populations using a system of ordinary differential equations. We study different types of migration for two groups of sub-populations including women and children as one group and men as the other. The proposed set of models explore the social dynamics between Ukrainians women, children, and men who have been displaced due to war and aim to capture the complex interactions and relationships among these groups within the context of displacement. ​​We conduct numerical studies of the proposed models using both Euler's method and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to investigate the influence of parameters in the models. As the initial step, we performed a numerical study of the proposed model using the scarce data available to date. This investigation encompasses various scenarios that consider the impact of policies and regulations. Different variations of the models - those that neglect the influence of policies and those that incorporate them using constant or periodic terms - are being examined. The obtained results suggest that different initial distributions of inhabitants from both groups do not have an influence on their cyclic migration. Additionally, investigating various scenarios with synthetic data yielded the following outcomes: (i) When no regulation model is applied, the studied equations exhibit periodic solutions; (ii) Introducing constant regulation impacts the short-term state of the studied populations, but they eventually adjust to regular periodic behavior; and (iii) The solution of the model with periodic regulations depends on the regulation frequency (lower frequencies disrupt the periodicity of the solution, while higher frequency regulations restore more regular periodic behavior). To the best of our knowledge, this important humanitarian issue has not been rigorously investigated in a mathematical manner prior to this study.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Studying the Influence of Income Differences and Credit History on Racial Disparities in the Mortgage Market using Machine Learning
Creators: name: AMAR KANAKAMEDALA
name: Vishruth Ganesh
name: Ogueda-Oliva, Alonso
name: Padmanabhan Seshaiyer
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: A mortgage loan is required to purchase a house, but racial disparities make obtaining this loan harder for Black Americans. According to the National Association of Realtors, debt-to-income ratio and credit score are potential reasons for higher denial rates, so this work examines the role of income and credit on mortgage lending. Since renters make up a higher percentage of Black households compared with White and Asian households, Black Americans disproportionately make up the credit invisibles according to the CFPB. Graphical analysis of ACS Housing Data indicated a positive relationship between rental rates and denial rates, so sparse history is a potential reason for African Americans having higher denial rates. Graphing ACS Income Data using Seaborn demonstrated the effect of income differences on denial rates for African Americans, as the graph demonstrated that Low income correlated with high denial rates and vice versa. To validate data analysis, we used the Random Forest approach to model denial rates based on rental rates and income characteristics. Our computational results from the study suggest that to combat the racial disparities in the housing market, it is important to encourage more loan companies to count rent payments in credit history.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Wormholes minimally violating the null energy condition
Creators: name: Bouhmadi-Lopez, Mariam
name: Lobo, Francisco S. N.
name: Martin-Moruno, Prado
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider novel wormhole solutions supported by a matter content that minimally violates the null energy condition. More specifically, we consider an equation of state in which the sum of the energy density and radial pressure is proportional to a constant with a value smaller than that of the inverse area characterising the system, i.e., the area of the wormhole mouth. This approach is motivated by a recently proposed cosmological event, denoted "the little sibling of the big rip", where the Hubble rate and the scale factor blow up but the cosmic derivative of the Hubble rate does not [1]. By using the cut-and-paste approach, we match interior spherically symmetric wormhole solutions to an exterior Schwarzschild geometry, and analyze the stability of the thin-shell to linearized spherically symmetric perturbations around static solutions, by choosing suitable properties for the exotic material residing on the junction interface radius. Furthermore, we also consider an inhomogeneous generalisation of the equation of state considered above and analyse the respective stability regions. In particular, we obtain a specific wormhole solution with an asymptotic behaviour corresponding to a global monopole.
description: V1: 24 pages, 7 figures. V2: 26 pages, 7 figures. References added, some discussion added, a typo fixed. This version accepted for publication in JCAP
Decoherence Models for Discrete-Time Quantum Walks and their Application to Neutral Atom Experiments
Creators: name: Alberti, Andrea
name: Alt, Wolfgang
name: Werner, Reinhard
name: Meschede, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss decoherence in discrete-time quantum walks in terms of a phenomenological model that distinguishes spin and spatial decoherence. We identify the dominating mechanisms that affect quantum walk experiments realized with neutral atoms walking in an optical lattice. From the measured spatial distributions, we determine with good precision the amount of decoherence per step, which provides a quantitative indication of the quality of our quantum walks. In particular, we find that spin decoherence is the main mechanism responsible for the loss of coherence in our experiment. We also find that the sole observation of ballistic instead of diffusive expansion in position space is not a good indicator for the range of coherent delocalization. We provide further physical insight by distinguishing the effects of short and long time spin dephasing mechanisms. We introduce the concept of coherence length in the discrete-time quantum walk, which quantifies the range of spatial coherences. Unexpectedly, we find that quasi-stationary dephasing does not modify the local properties of the quantum walk, but instead affects spatial coherences. For a visual representation of decoherence phenomena in phase space, we have developed a formalism based on a discrete analogue of the Wigner function. We show that the effects of spin and spatial decoherence differ dramatically in momentum space.
description: 32 pages, 10 figures, 1 table, replaced fig. 10 in the new version
Computational models in Brugada Syndrome
Creators: name: Seghetti, Paolo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Brugada Syndrome
computational models
presentation

description: Slides used to present the research work performed in the last year of activity (2021-2022). The slides describe the research performed, starting from the clinical background and animal models of Brugada Syndrome and proposes a new computational model to study the pathological mechanism of the syndrome.
Coronavirus contamination in wildlife species
Creators: name: Lelli, Davide
name: Moreno, Ana
name: Trogu, Tiziana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Coronaviruses, wildlife, genetic characterization

description: Deliverable D.4.3.3 reports information on coronavirus (CoV) contamination in wildlife by collecting samples from different species, in order to improve our knowledge on the spread of CoVs in wildlife and to predict the potential risk of cross-species interactions and early and reverse zoonotic adaptations. Different groups of wild animals, such as bats, foxes, marmots, deer, rodents, etc. were sampled and tested for CoVs by pan-cov PCR and subsequent sequencing.
SIMPle Dark Matter: Self-Interactions and keV Lines
Creators: name: Boddy, Kimberly K.
name: Feng, Jonathan L.
name: Kaplinghat, Manoj
name: Shadmi, Yael
name: Tait, Timothy M. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a simple supersymmetric hidden sector: pure SU(N) gauge theory. Dark matter is made up of hidden glueballinos with mass $m_X$ and hidden glueballs with mass near the confinement scale $Λ$. For $m_X \sim 1\,\text{TeV}$ and $Λ\sim 100\,\text{MeV}$, the glueballinos freeze out with the correct relic density and self-interact through glueball exchange to resolve small-scale structure puzzles. An immediate consequence is that the glueballino spectrum has a hyperfine splitting of order $Λ^2 / m_X \sim 10\,\text{keV}$. We show that the radiative decays of the excited state can explain the observed 3.5 keV X-ray line signal from clusters of galaxies, Andromeda, and the Milky Way.
description: v1: 6 pages, 2 figures; v2: added references, published version; v3: note added
Propagating gravitons vs. dark matter in asymptotically safe quantum gravity
Creators: name: Becker, Daniel
name: Reuter, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the Asymptotic Safety scenario, we discuss whether Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) can give rise to a semi-classical regime of propagating physical gravitons (gravitational waves) governed by an effective theory which complies with the standard rules of local quantum field theory. According to earlier investigations based on single-metric truncations there is a tension between this requirement and the condition of Asymptotic Safety since the former (latter) requires a positive (negative) anomalous dimension of Newton's constant. We show that the problem disappears using the bi-metric renormalization group flows that became available recently: They admit an asymptotically safe UV limit and, at the same time, a genuine semi-classical regime with a positive anomalous dimension. This brings the gravitons of QEG on a par with arbitrary (standard model, etc.) particles which exist as asymptotic states. We also argue that metric perturbations on almost Planckian scales might not be propagating, and we propose an interpretation as a form of `dark matter'.
description: 12 figures; further discussions added
title: The curse of the Upper Nile
Creators: name: Wahrenlant, Heinrich Lainhart Evangelius
Year: 2021

description: Die jüngste und am schnellsten wachsende Volkswirtschaft in Afrika wird von Hunger, Armut und internen Konflikten heimgesucht. Während das Friedensabkommen von 2020, das einen fünfjährigen Bürgerkrieg im Südsudan beendet, mit Begeisterung vernommen wurde, mahnt eine genauere Analyse der vergangenen zehn Jahre zur Vorsicht. Mit einer Theorie zum politischen Ressourcenfluch argumentiert diese Arbeit, dass der jüngste Konflikt, die ausartende Korruption der Regierung und die elende Unterentwicklung im Land in erheblichem Maß seinem Ölreichtum zugeschrieben werden müssen. Zur Illustration stützt sich die Arbeit auf eine umfangreiche Auswahl an journalistischen Beiträgen, NGO-Berichten und Daten von Entwicklungs-organisationen. Ohne großen Einsatz von transnationalen Anteilseignern wie China und bislang fehlgeleitetes internationales Engagement stirbt die Hoffnung für die Bevölkerung Südsudans mit der Aussicht auf umfassendere Entwicklungsstrategien. Unter Zuhilfenahme einschlägiger Literatur werden potenzielle Abhilfen diskutiert.
description: The youngest and fastest growing African economy is haunted by famine, poverty, and internal conflict. While the peace agreement of 2020 that has concluded a five year long civil war in South Sudan has been received with enthusiasm, a more invested analysis of the past decade herein sounds a note of caution. With employing political resource curse theory this paper establishes an argument, that the recent conflict, the government’s severe corruption, and the poor development in the country must, to a significant extent, be attributed to its oil riches. For illustration, the paper relies on an extensive selection of journalistic contributions, reports by NGOs, and data of development organisations. With little impetus from transnational shareholders like China and failures of hitherto ill-informed international engagement, the hope for the prosperity of the South Sudanese people springs with a more comprehensive development strategy in the future. Potential remedies are recommended with the support of relevant scientific literature.
Analyzing High School Student Mental Health using SEITR Compartmental Model of Epidemiology
Creators: name: SASHWAT RAVISHANKAR
name: Ogueda, Alonso
name: Padmanabhan Seshaiyer
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: With the influx of big-data and social media in our fast-paced and dynamic world, stress and anxiety have become pervasive concerns, affecting individuals through in-person interactions and online experiences According to a 2022 CDC survey, a concerning 37% of US high school students reported "poor mental health," highlighting the urgency to better comprehend the spread and dynamics of stress and anxiety within this population. This project aims to achieve this by employing an SIR-based mathematical model, originally devised for infectious diseases, to analyze the influences and dissemination of high-school stress and anxiety. In this project, an SEITR model was considered, where "S" denotes the susceptible group representing high-school students vulnerable to stress and anxiety, "E" represents the exposed group indirectly impacted by stress and anxiety through factors like academic pressure and online interactions, "I" symbolizes the infected group actively experiencing stress and anxiety symptoms, "T" accounts for treatment options to alleviate these conditions, and "R" indicates the recovered group that successfully manages and overcomes stress and anxiety. This governing system of differential equations was solved numerically and the influence of various parameters were studied. We also employed parameter identification techniques and physics informed neural networks (PINN’s) to validate the model. The basic reproduction number for the SEITR model was also derived. Overall, the numerical results provided detailed insights into the importance of the role of social media and in-person interactions on the spread and management of stress and anxiety. It also suggested that social media's influence can amplify stress and anxiety, with curated lives, cyberbullying, and unrealistic expectations exacerbating psychological distress, while in-person interactions in high-school settings contribute significantly to stress and anxiety levels. Integrating the effects of social media and in-person interaction within the SEITR model provides a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing the spread and management of stress and anxiety in high-school populations. By shedding light on these dynamics, this study sought to improve the overall stress and anxiety outcomes of high-school students and guide future research and policy initiatives into mental health studies.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Ethical Considerations and Data Privacy in AI Education
Creators: name: RITHVIK GUJJULA
name: Kamaljeet Sanghera
Publisher: name: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research
Year: 2023

description: The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) into education has led to a multitude of questions regarding ethics and data privacy. Despite advancement in modern research and novel techniques being created, lingering concerns remain whether AI education can be completely ethical and have an impeccable data privacy and security system. We scrutinized an array of contemporary literature and identified numerous ethical and privacy challenges of AI education as well as a variety of methods put forth to overcome those obstacles. Over the course of our research, a very critical hurdle to the implementation of AI education emerged: a system that can perpetuate bias and still lead students to the same fixed outcomes they would have reached nonetheless. While data privacy can be ensured to a certain extent with the use of newly established machine learning techniques, such as federated learning, it remains unclear whether AI education can truly deliver a differentiated experience that will cultivate students’ learning growth instead of leading them down a set path. The aforementioned statement is not intended to deter investment in AI education; rather it serves to cast light on the significant challenge of AI education offering authentically personalized pathways for students.
description: Journal of Student-Scientists' Research, Vol. 5 (2023)
Uplifting non-compact gauged supergravities
Creators: name: Baron, Walter H.
name: Dall'Agata, Gianguido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide the M-theory uplift of de Sitter vacua of SO(5,3) and SO(4,4) gaugings of maximal supergravity in 4 dimensions. We find new non-compact backgrounds that are squashed hyperboloids with non-trivial flux for the 3-form potential. The uplift requires a new non-linear ansatz for the 11-dimensional metric and for the 3-form potential that reduces to the known one leading to the 7-sphere solution in the case of the SO(8) gauging.
description: 28 pages. v2: font fixed and clarified some points. JHEP version
Nachhaltiges Forschungsdatenmanagement (FDM) in Zeiten des existentiellen Wandels von wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken
Creators: name: Strauch-Davey, Annette
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Forschungsdaten
forschungsdaten
RDM
Research Data Management
FAIR
Open Science
Bibliothek
Bibliotheken
library
libraries

description: Dieser Beitrag erschien bei "lehmanns media" unter https://www.lehmannsoa.de/nachhaltiges-forschungsdatenmanagement-fdm-in-zeiten-des-existentiellen-wandels-von-wissenschaftlichen-bibliotheken/ (Zugriff am 28.02.2023)
Algebraic Bethe Ansätze and eigenvalue-based determinants for Dicke-Jaynes-Cummings-Gaudin quantum integrable models
Creators: name: Tschirhart, Hugo
name: Faribault, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R12, 82B23

description: In this work, we construct an alternative formulation to the traditional Algebraic Bethe ansatz for quantum integrable models derived from a generalised rational Gaudin algebra realised in terms of a collection of spins 1/2 coupled to a single bosonic mode. The ensemble of resulting models which we call Dicke-Jaynes-Cummings- Gaudin models are particularly relevant for the description of light-matter interaction in the context of quantum optics. Having two distinct ways to write any eigenstate of these models we then combine them in order to write overlaps and form factors of local operators in terms of partition functions with domain wall boundary conditions. We also demonstrate that they can all be written in terms of determinants of matrices whose entries only depend on the eigenvalues of the conserved charges. Since these eigenvalues obey a much simpler set of quadratic Bethe equations, the resulting expressions could then offer important simplifications for the numerical treatment of these models.
description: 26 pages, 0 figure, published version