cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Efficient quantum circuits for Szegedy quantum walks
Creators: name: Loke, T.
name: Wang, J. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A major advantage in using Szegedy's formalism over discrete-time and continuous-time quantum walks lies in its ability to define a unitary quantum walk on directed and weighted graphs. In this paper, we present a general scheme to construct efficient quantum circuits for Szegedy quantum walks that correspond to classical Markov chains possessing transformational symmetry in the columns of the transition matrix. In particular, the transformational symmetry criteria do not necessarily depend on the sparsity of the transition matrix, so this scheme can be applied to non-sparse Markov chains. Two classes of Markov chains that are amenable to this construction are cyclic permutations and complete bipartite graphs, for which we provide explicit efficient quantum circuit implementations. We also prove that our scheme can be applied to Markov chains formed by a tensor product. We also briefly discuss the implementation of Markov chains based on weighted interdependent networks. In addition, we apply this scheme to construct efficient quantum circuits simulating the Szegedy walks used in the quantum Pagerank algorithm for some classes of non-trivial graphs, providing a necessary tool for experimental demonstration of the quantum Pagerank algorithm.
MPEC 2023-P80 : 1993 RP = 2015 VR202
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 1993 RP = 2015 VR202

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Pancharatnam-Berry phase induced spin-selective transmission in herringbone dielectric metamaterials
Creators: name: Kenney, Mitchell
name: Li, Shaoxian
name: Zhang, Xueqian
name: Su, Xiaoqiang
name: Kim, Teun-Teun
name: Wang, Dongyang
name: Wu, Dongmin
name: Ouyang, Chunmei
name: Han, Jiaguang
name: Zhang, Weili
name: Sun, Hongbo
name: Zhang, Shuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Manipulating the polarisation of light is crucial for sensing and imaging applications. One such aspect in particular is selective transmission of one circular polarisation (spin) when light is transmitted through a medium or a device. However, most present methods of achieving this have relatively low efficiency and selectivity, whilst high selectivity examples rely on lossy and complex three-dimensional helical or multilayer structures. Here, we propose a dielectric metamaterial approach for achieving spin-selective transmission of electromagnetic waves, utilizing spin-controlled constructive or destructive interference between two Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phases in conjunction with propagative dynamic phase. The dielectric metamaterial, consisting of monolithic silicon herringbone structures, exhibits a broadband operation in the terahertz regime whilst obtaining a spin-selective efficiency upwards of 60%. Such a device is robust and is not easily degraded by errors in fabrication.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, Advanced Materials, first published: 14 September 2016
The emergence of quantum capacitance in epitaxial graphene
Creators: name: Trabelsi, A. Ben Gouider
name: Kusmartsev, F. V.
name: Forrester, D. M.
name: Kusmartseva, O. E.
name: Gaifullin, M. B.
name: Cropper, P.
name: Oueslati, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We found an intrinsic redistribution of charge arises between epitaxial graphene, which has intrinsically n-type doping, and an undoped substrate. In particular, we studied in detail epitaxial graphene layers thermally elaborated on C-terminated $4H$-$SiC$ ($4H$-$SiC$ ($000{\bar{1}}$)). We have investigated the charge distribution in graphene-substrate systems using Raman spectroscopy. The influence of the substrate plasmons on the longitudinal optical phonons of the $SiC$ substrates has been detected. The associated charge redistribution reveals the formation of a capacitance between the graphene and the substrate. Thus, we give for the first time direct evidence that the excess negative charge in epitaxial monolayer graphene could be self-compensated by the $SiC$ substrate without initial doping. This induced a previously unseen redistribution of the charge-carrier density at the substrate-graphene interface. There a quantum capacitor appears, without resorting to any intentional external doping, as is fundamentally required for epitaxial graphene. Although we have determined the electric field existing inside the capacitor and revealed the presence of a minigap ($\approx 4.3meV$) for epitaxial graphene on $4H$-$SiC$ face terminated carbon, it remains small in comparison to that obtained for graphene on face terminated $Si$. The fundamental electronic properties found here in graphene on $SiC$ substrates may be important for developing the next generation of quantum technologies and electronic/plasmonic devices.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, available online as uncorrected proof, Journal of Materials Chemistry C (2016)
IAVCEI Volcano Teacher PLD Pūrākau Booklet
Creators: name: Tsang, Sophia
name: Marr, Tiipene
name: Stone, Mikhal
name: Kennedy, Ben
Publisher: name: The University of Auckland
Year: 2023
Subjects: Volcanology
Te mātauranga Māori i roto i te mātauranga (Mātauranga Māori in education)
Primary education
Secondary education
Geography education curriculum and pedagogy
Environmental education curriculum and pedagogy

description: Pūrākau booklet created for the Volcano Activities Teacher Professional Learning & Development workshop held during the IAVCEI 2023 Scientific Assembly in Rotorua, New Zealand
Examining molecular clouds in the Galactic Centre region using X-ray reflection spectra simulations
Creators: name: Walls, Michael
name: Chernyakova, Maria
name: Terrier, Regis
name: Goldwurm, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the centre of our galaxy lies a super-massive black hole, identified with the radio source Sagittarius A*. This black hole has an estimated mass of around 4 million solar masses. Although Sagittarius A* is quite dim in terms of total radiated energy, having a luminosity that is a factor of $10^{10}$ lower than its Eddington luminosity, there is now compelling evidence that this source was far brighter in the past. Evidence derived from the detection of reflected X-ray emission from the giant molecular clouds in the galactic centre region. However, the interpretation of the reflected emission spectra cannot be done correctly without detailed modelling of the reflection process. Attempts to do so can lead to an incorrect interpretation of the data. In this paper we present the results of a Monte Carlo simulation code we developed in order to fully model the complex processes involved in the emerging reflection spectra. The simulated spectra can be compared to real data in order to derive model parameters and constrain the past activity of the black hole. In particular we apply our code to observations of Sgr B2, in order to constrain the position and density of the cloud and the incident luminosity of the central source. The results of the
description: Accepted to MNRAS, 13 pages
One-dimensional long-range percolation: a numerical study
Creators: name: Gori, G.
name: Michelangeli, M.
name: Defenu, N.
name: Trombettoni, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study bond percolation on a one-dimensional chain with power-law bond probability $C/ r^{1+σ}$, where $r$ is the distance length between distinct sites. We introduce and test an order $N$ Monte Carlo algorithm and we determine as a function of $σ$ the critical value $C_{c}$ at which percolation occurs. The critical exponents in the range $0
description: 10 pages, 11 figures
SMS Keynote: Navigating Millions of Chemicals in Metabolomics and Exposomics Workflows
Creators: name: Schymanski, Emma
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Keynote presentation for the Swiss Metabolomics Society (SMS) Meeting, 15 September 2023 at ETH Zurich. Thanks to Nicola Zamboni for the invitation! This presentation features a soundtrack from Jame Perera, on "Our Chemical Past, Present and Future", which can be downloaded on Vimeo (video) or Soundcloud (sound only). Please leave feedback there if you enjoy it!
Parametrizations of degenerate density matrices
Creators: name: Brüning, Erwin
name: Nagamachi, Shigeaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Q99, 47B99

description: It turns out that a parametrization of degenerate density matrices requires a parametrization of $\mathfrak{F}=U(n)/({U(k_1)\times U(k_2)\times \cdots \times U(k_m)})\quad n=k_1 +\cdots + k_m $ where $U(k)$ denotes the set of all unitary $k\times k$-matrices with complex entries. Unfortunately the parametrization of this quotient space is quite involved. Our solution does not rely on Lie algebra methods {directly,} but succeeds through the construction of suitable sections for natural projections, by using techniques from the theory of homogeneous spaces. We mention the relation to the Lie algebra back ground and conclude with two concrete examples.
Distinguishing between $s+id$ and $s+is$ pairing symmetries in multiband superconductors through spontaneous magnetization pattern induced by a defect
Creators: name: Lin, Shi-Zeng
name: Maiti, Saurabh
name: Chubukov, Andrey
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The symmetry of the pairing state in iron pnictide superconductor $\mathrm{Ba_{1-x}K_xFe_2As_2}$ is still controversial. At optimal doping ($x \approx 0.4$), it is very likely $s$-wave, but for $x=1$ there are experimental and theoretical arguments for both $s$-wave and $d$-wave. Depending on the choice for $x=1$, intermediate $s+is$ and $s+id$ states have been proposed for intermediate doping $ 0.4 < x < 1$. In both states, the time reversal symmetry is broken and a spontaneous magnetization is allowed. In this work we study a spontaneous magnetization induced by a nonmagnetic defect in the $s+is$ and $s+id$ states by using a perturbation theory and numerical calculations for the Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional. We show that the angular dependence of the magnetization is distinct in these two states due to the difference in symmetry properties of the order parameters. Our results indicate a possible way to distinguish between the $s+is$ and $s+id$ pairing symmetries in multi-band superconductors.
description: 8 pages and 4 figures
Quantum Cosmology of $f(R,T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Xu, Min-Xing
name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Liang, Shi-Dong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modified gravity theories have the potential of explaining the recent acceleration of the Universe without resorting to the mysterious concept of dark energy. In particular, it has been pointed out that matter-geometry coupling may be responsible for the recent cosmological dynamics of the Universe, and matter itself may play a more fundamental role in the description of the gravitational processes that usually assumed. We study the quantum cosmology of the $f(R,T)$ gravity theory, in which the effective Lagrangian of the gravitational field is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, and the trace of the matter energy-momentum tensor, respectively. For the background geometry we adopt the Friedmann--Robertson--Walker metric, and we assume that matter content of the Universe consists of a perfect fluid. We obtain the general form of the gravitational Hamiltonian, of the quantum potential, and of the canonical momenta, respectively. This allows us to formulate the full Wheeler-de Witt equation describing the quantum properties of this modified gravity model. As a specific application we consider in detail the quantum cosmology of the $f(R,T)=F^0(R)+θRT$ model, in which $F^0(R)$ is an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, and $θ$ is a function of the scale factor only. The Hamiltonian form of the equations of motion, and the Wheeler-de Witt equations are obtained, and a time parameter for the corresponding dynamical system is identified, which allows to formulate the Schrödinger--Wheeler--de Witt equation for the quantum-mechanical description of the model under consideration. A perturbative approach for the study of this equation is developed, and the energy levels of the Universe are obtained by using a twofold degenerate perturbation approach. A second quantization approach for the description of quantum time is also proposed, and briefly discussed.
description: 20 pages, no figures, accepted for publication in EPJC
Acceleration of an iterative method for the evaluation of high-frequency multiple scattering effects
Creators: name: Boubendir, Yassine
name: Ecevit, Fatih
name: Reitich, Fernando
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65N12, 65R20

description: High frequency integral equation methodologies display the capability of reproducing single-scattering returns in frequency-independent computational times and employ a Neumann series formulation to handle multiple-scattering effects. This requires the solution of an enormously large number of single-scattering problems to attain a reasonable numerical accuracy in geometrically challenging configurations. Here we propose a novel and effective Krylov subspace method suitable for the use of high frequency integral equation techniques and significantly accelerates the convergence of Neumann series. We additionally complement this strategy utilizing a preconditioner based upon Kirchhoff approximations that provides a further reduction in the overall computational cost.
description: 21 pages, 6 figures
The double-degenerate, super-Chandrasekhar nucleus of the planetary nebula Henize 2-428
Creators: name: Santander-García, M.
name: Rodríguez-Gil, P.
name: Corradi, R. L. M.
name: Jones, D.
name: Miszalski, B.
name: Boffin, H. M. J.
name: Rubio-Díez, M. M.
name: Kotze, M. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The planetary nebula (PN) stage is the ultimate fate of stars with mass 1 to 8 solar masses (M$_\odot$). The origin of their complex morphologies is poorly understood, although several mechanisms involving binary interaction have been proposed. In close binary systems, the orbital separation is short enough for the primary star to overfill its Roche lobe as it expands during the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) phase. The excess material ends up forming a common-envelope (CE) surrounding both stars. Drag forces would then result in the envelope being ejected into a bipolar PN whose equator is coincident with the orbital plane of the system. Systems in which both stars have ejected their envelopes and evolve towards the white dwarf (WD) stage are called double-degenerates. Here we report that Henize 2-428 has a double-degenerate core with a combined mass unambiguously above the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 M$_\odot$. According to its short orbital period (4.2 hours) and total mass (1.76 M$_\odot$), the system should merge in 700 million years, triggering a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) event. This finding supports the double-degenerate, super-Chandrasekhar evolutionary channel for the formation of SNe Ia.
description: Published in Nature (03/2015). 19 pages, 4 figures
Ultrafast Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy of Quantum Materials
Creators: name: Smallwood, Christopher L.
name: Kaindl, Robert A.
name: Lanzara, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Techniques in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy have facilitated a number of recent advances in the study of quantum materials. We review developments in this field related to the study of incoherent nonequilibrium electron dynamics, the analysis of interactions between electrons and collective excitations, the exploration of dressed-state physics, and the illumination of unoccupied band structure. Future prospects are also discussed.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
The Quantum Socket: Three-Dimensional Wiring for Extensible Quantum Computing
Creators: name: Béjanin, J. H.
name: McConkey, T. G.
name: Rinehart, J. R.
name: Earnest, C. T.
name: McRae, C. R. H.
name: Shiri, D.
name: Bateman, J. D.
name: Rohanizadegan, Y.
name: Penava, B.
name: Breul, P.
name: Royak, S.
name: Zapatka, M.
name: Fowler, A. G.
name: Mariantoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum computing architectures are on the verge of scalability, a key requirement for the implementation of a universal quantum computer. The next stage in this quest is the realization of quantum error correction codes, which will mitigate the impact of faulty quantum information on a quantum computer. Architectures with ten or more quantum bits (qubits) have been realized using trapped ions and superconducting circuits. While these implementations are potentially scalable, true scalability will require systems engineering to combine quantum and classical hardware. One technology demanding imminent efforts is the realization of a suitable wiring method for the control and measurement of a large number of qubits. In this work, we introduce an interconnect solution for solid-state qubits: The quantum socket. The quantum socket fully exploits the third dimension to connect classical electronics to qubits with higher density and better performance than two-dimensional methods based on wire bonding. The quantum socket is based on spring-mounted micro wires the three-dimensional wires that push directly on a micro-fabricated chip, making electrical contact. A small wire cross section (~1 mmm), nearly non-magnetic components, and functionality at low temperatures make the quantum socket ideal to operate solid-state qubits. The wires have a coaxial geometry and operate over a frequency range from DC to 8 GHz, with a contact resistance of ~150 mohm, an impedance mismatch of ~10 ohm, and minimal crosstalk. As a proof of principle, we fabricated and used a quantum socket to measure superconducting resonators at a temperature of ~10 mK.
description: Main: 31 pages, 19 figs., 8 tables, 8 apps.; suppl.: 4 pages, 5 figs. (HiRes figs. and movies on request). Submitted
Rigidity of composition operators on the Hardy space $H^p$
Creators: name: Laitila, Jussi
name: Nieminen, Pekka J.
name: Saksman, Eero
name: Tylli, Hans-Olav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47B33, 47B10

description: Let $ϕ$ be an analytic map taking the unit disk $\mathbb{D}$ into itself. We establish that the class of composition operators $f \mapsto C_ϕ(f) = f \circ ϕ$ exhibits a rather strong rigidity of non-compact behaviour on the Hardy space $H^p$, for $1\le p < \infty$ and $p \neq 2$. Our main result is the following trichotomy, which states that exactly one of the following alternatives holds: (i) $C_ϕ$ is a compact operator $H^p \to H^p$, (ii) $C_ϕ$ fixes a (linearly isomorphic) copy of $\ell^p$ in $H^p$, but $C_ϕ$ does not fix any copies of $\ell^2$ in $H^p$, (iii) $C_ϕ$ fixes a copy of $\ell^2$ in $H^p$. Moreover, in case (iii) the operator $C_ϕ$ actually fixes a copy of $L^p(0,1)$ in $H^p$ provided $p > 1$. We reinterpret these results in terms of norm-closed ideals of the bounded linear operators on $H^p$, which contain the compact operators $\mathcal K(H^p)$. In particular, the class of composition operators on $H^p$ does not reflect the quite complicated lattice structure of such ideals.
On a $p(\cdot)$-biharmonic problem with no-flux boundary condition
Creators: name: Boureanu, Maria-Magdalena
name: Rădulescu, Vicenţiu
name: Repovš, Dušan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J60, 35J30, 35J35, 35J40, 35D30, 46E35

description: The study of fourth order partial differential equations has flourished in the last years, however, a $p(\cdot)$-biharmonic problem with no-flux boundary condition has never been considered before, not even for constant $p$. This is an important step further, since surfaces that are impermeable to some contaminants are appearing quite often in nature, hence the significance of such boundary condition. By relying on several variational arguments, we obtain the existence and the multiplicity of weak solutions to our problem. We point out that, although we use a mountain pass type theorem in order to establish the multiplicity result, we do not impose an Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz type condition, nor a symmetry condition, on our nonlinearity $f$.
Magnus-Induced Dynamics of Driven Skyrmions on a Quasi-One-Dimensional Periodic Substrate
Creators: name: Reichhardt, C.
name: Reichhardt, C. J. Olson
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically examine driven skyrmions interacting with a periodic quasi-one dimensional substrate where the driving force is applied either parallel or perpendicular to the substrate periodicity direction. For perpendicular driving, the particles in a purely overdamped system simply slide along the substrate minima; however, for skyrmions where the Magnus force is relevant, we find that a rich variety of dynamics can arise. In the single skyrmion limit, the skyrmion motion is locked along the driving or longitudinal direction for low drives, while at higher drives a transition occurs to a state in which the skyrmion moves both transverse and longitudinal to the driving direction. Within the longitudinally locked phase we find a pronounced speed up effect that occurs when the Magnus force aligns with the external driving force, while at the transition to transverse and longitudinal motion, the skyrmion velocity drops, producing negative differential conductivity. For collectively interacting skyrmion assemblies, the speed up effect is still present and we observe a number of distinct dynamical phases, including a sliding smectic phase, a disordered or moving liquid phase, a moving hexatic phase, and a moving crystal phase. The transitions between the dynamic phases produce distinct features in the structure of the skyrmion lattice and in the velocity-force curves. We map these different phases as a function of the ratio of the Magnus term to the dissipative term, the substrate strength, the commensurability ratio, and the magnitude of the driving force.
description: 13 pages, 19 postscript figures
Microscopic Description of Diffractive Deuteron Breakup by He-3 Nuclei
Creators: name: Kovalchuk, Valery
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A microscopic formalism for describing observed cross sections for deuteron breakup by three-nucleon nuclei was developed on the basis of the diffraction nuclear model. A general formula that describes the amplitude for the reaction d+3He->3He+p+n and which involves only one adjustable parameter was obtained by using expansions of the integrands involved in terms of a Gaussian basis. This formula was used to analyze experimental data on the exclusive cross sections for deuteron breakup by He-3 nuclei at the projectile energy of 89.4 MeV. The importance of employing, in calculations, a deuteron wave function that has a correct asymptotic behavior at large nucleon-nucleon distances was demonstrated.
Characterisation and testing of a prototype $6 \times 6$ cm$^2$ Argonne MCP-PMT
Creators: name: Cowan, Greig A.
name: Muheim, Franz
name: Needham, Matthew
name: Gambetta, Silvia
name: Eisenhardt, Stephan
name: McBlane, Neil
name: Malek, Matthew
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Argonne micro-channel plate photomultiplier tube (MCP-PMT) is an offshoot of the Large Area Pico-second Photo Detector (LAPPD) project, wherein \mbox{6 $\times$ 6 cm$^2$} sized detectors are made at Argonne National Laboratory. Measurements of the properties of these detectors, including gain, time and spatial resolution, dark count rates, cross-talk and sensitivity to magnetic fields are reported. In addition, possible applications of these devices in future neutrino and collider physics experiments are discussed.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures, proceedings of the RICH 2016 conference http://rich2016.ijs.si
Selective gas capture via kinetic trapping
Creators: name: Kundu, Joyjit
name: Pascal, Tod
name: Prendergast, David
name: Whitelam, Stephen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Conventional approaches to the capture of CO_2 by metal-organic frameworks focus on equilibrium conditions, and frameworks that contain little CO_2 in equilibrium are often rejected as carbon-capture materials. Here we use a statistical mechanical model, parameterized by quantum mechanical data, to suggest that metal-organic frameworks can be used to separate CO_2 from a typical flue gas mixture when used under {\em nonequilibrium} conditions. The origin of this selectivity is an emergent gas-separation mechanism that results from the acquisition by different gas types of different mobilities within a crowded framework. The resulting distribution of gas types within the framework is in general spatially and dynamically heterogeneous. Our results suggest that relaxing the requirement of equilibrium can substantially increase the parameter space of conditions and materials for which selective gas capture can be effected.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
NUV Star Catalogue from the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope Survey. First Release
Creators: name: Meng, Xian-Min
name: Han, Xu-Hui
name: Wei, Jian-Yan
name: Wang, Jing
name: Cao, Li
name: Qiu, Yu-Lei
name: Wu, Chao
name: Deng, Jin-Song
name: Cai, Hong-Bo
name: Xin, Li-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a star catalogue extracted from the Lunar-based Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT) survey program. LUT's observable sky area is a circular belt around the Moon's north pole, and the survey program covers a preferred area for about 2400 deg$^2$ which includes a region of the Galactic plane. The data is processed with an automatic pipeline which copes with stray light contamination, artificial sources, cosmic rays, flat field calibration, photometry and so on. In the first release version, the catalogue provides high confidence sources which have been cross-identified with Tycho-2 catalogue. All the sources have signal-to-noise ratio larger than 5, and the corresponding magnitude limit is typically 14.4 mag, which can be deeper as ~16 mag if the stray light contamination is in the lowest level. A total number of 86,467 stars are recorded in the catalogue. The full catalogue in electronic form is available on line.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics (RAA)
On the energy spectrum of the electroweak Pomeron
Creators: name: Bartels, Jochen
name: Levin, Eugene
name: Siddikov, Marat
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we study the high energy behaviour of Electroweak Standard Model for a nonzero Weinberg angle $θ_{W}$. We evaluate the spectrum of the electroweak pomeron and demonstrate that the leading intercept is given by $α_{\rm e.w.}4 \ln 2$ and does not depend on the mixing angle $θ_{W}$. Due to its very small numerical value, we conclude that the high energy behaviour of electroweak theory cannot be discussed without including the QCD Pomeron which, at sufficiently large energies, will dominate.
description: 29 pages, 5 figures
Pinning-depinning mechanism of the contact line during evaporation on chemically patterned surfaces: A lattice Boltzmann study
Creators: name: Li, Qing
name: Zhou, P.
name: Yan, H. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, the pinning and depinning mechanism of the contact line during droplet evaporation on chemically stripe-patterned surfaces is numerically investigated using a thermal multiphase lattice Boltzmann (LB) model with liquid-vapor phase change. A local force balance in the context of diffuse interfaces is introduced to explain the equilibrium states of droplets on chemically patterned surfaces. It is shown that, when the contact line is pinned on a hydrophobic-hydrophilic boundary, different contact angles can be interpreted as the variation of the length of the contact line occupied by each component. The stick-slip-jump behavior of evaporating droplets on chemically patterned surfaces is well captured by the LB simulations. Particularly, a slow movement of the contact line is clearly observed during the stick (pinning) mode, which shows that the pinning of the contact line during droplet evaporation on chemically stripe-patterned surfaces is actually a dynamic pinning process and the dynamic equilibrium is achieved by the self-adjustment of the contact lines occupied by each component. Moreover, it is shown that, when the surface tension varies with the temperature, the Marangoni effect has an important influence on the depinning of the contact line, which occurs when the horizontal component (towards the center of the droplet) of the force caused by the Marangoni stress overcomes the unbalanced Young's force towards outside.
description: Accepted by Langmuir, 10 figures
Examining Postnatal Retinal Thickness and Retinal Ganglion Cell Count in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down Syndrome
Creators: name: Folz, Andrew
Publisher: name: IUPUI University Library
Year: 2023
Subjects: Down syndrome
Retina
Retina Ganglion Cells
Ts65Dn

description: Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
description: Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21 and presents with many phenotypes including decreased brain size, hypocellularity in the brain, and assorted ocular phenotypes. Some of the ocular phenotypes seen are increased risk of cataracts, accommodation difficulties, increased risk of refractive errors, and increased retinal thickness. The Ts65Dn mouse model of DS is a classically used mouse model as it presents a number of phenotypes also seen in those with DS. Some of these phenotypes include decreased brain volume, abnormal synaptic plasticity, and ocular phenotypes. These ocular phenotypes include decreased visual acuity, cataracts, and increased retinal thickness. The Ts65Dn mouse model is trisomic for Dyrk1a, a gene of interest in DS research. We hypothesize that there will be a genotypic and sex effect of retinal thickness and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) count at postnatal day 15 in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. Retinal slices were taken from male and female trisomic and euploid Ts65Dn mice at P15 and fluorescently labeled for RGCs and bipolar cells via immunohistochemistry. The retinas were measured for total retinal thickness and RNA-binding protein (RBPMS) positive cells in the RGC layer were counted. There was no genotypic or sex effect when comparing retinal thickness in trisomic mice as compared to euploid mice. There was a genotypic effect of RBPMS positive cell count in which the trisomic mice had a higher number of RBPMS positive cells than euploid mice. Increased retinal thickness along with increased RGC number have both been implicated with decreased apoptosis in the retina. In the Ts65Dn mouse model along with in individuals with DS, this could be due to an increase in DYRK1A protein levels reducing apoptosis. In future studies, determining DYRK1A’s influence in retinal thickness and RGC number could result in a treatment for overactive DYRK1A that could normalize retinal thickness and RGC number in those with DS.
»regem se in Toringia esse cinsebat« Ein "saxo-erulisches" Königreich an Harz, Elbe und Saale als Keimzelle der ottonischen Saxonia?
Creators: name: Böhlk, Olaf
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medival History
Medival Archaeology
Skandinavia
Ottonian dynasty
Merovingian history
Carolingian history

description: Between 400 (first mention of the "Toringi") and 775 (oath of allegiance of the "Austreleudi Saxones" under Hessi to Charles the Great), in the region of Harz Mountains, Elbe and Saale, processes took place that had far-reaching effects on Saxon ethnogenesis. Around the mountains, the evidence of a trans-European exchange in this period has been condensed in the past decades. The text would like to give some ideas to stimulate the discussion about those dominion-spatial preconditions which made the centuries-long process of the formation of an Ottonian "Basis-Landschaft" possible.
Machine Learning applied to Genome-Wide Association Study reveals genomic regions involved in the regulation of spike waxiness and maturity in a diverse global collection of bread wheat
Creators: name: Tekeu, Honore
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310599
subject: Genetics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 310509
subject: Genomics

description: This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the genetic diversity of a diverse global collection of bread wheat accessions, focusing on the identification of genomic regions associated with spike waxiness (SW) and days-to-maturity (DM) using state-of-the-art Machine Learning-Genome-Wide Association Study (ML-GWAS) approaches. A total of 288 wheat accessions were genotyped using Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS), resulting in the generation of 96K high-quality Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers. Analyses involving Bayesian, multidimensional scaling, and phylogenetic techniques revealed a notable overlap of germplasm among accessions with different geographical origins, indicating low genetic differentiation. To pinpoint the genomic regions related to SW and DM, a subset of 170 accessions and 74K SNPs were subjected to three GWAS analytical tools (CMLM, FarmCPU, and BLINK) and five machine learning techniques (Random Forest (RF), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM)). Through this process, two robust Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) were identified on chromosome 1A significantly associated with SW. The peak SNPs chr1A:535878344 and chr1A:556842331 explained 23.50% and 50% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. Additionally, eight genomic regions significantly associated with DM were detected on chromosomes 4B, 2A, 2B, 5A, and 7A, using the same methods. Furthermore, this study unraveled two candidate genes, TraesCS1A01G351300 and TraesCS4B01G389700, associated with the QTLs for SW and DM, respectively. These genes encode proteins involved in plant development, drought, and stress responses, offering valuable insights for developing short-season wheat varieties that better cope with environmental challenges in breeding programs. Moreover, the ML algorithms with the recent multi-locus GWAS model (BLINK) demonstrated superior performance in identifying relevant QTLs compared to traditional CMLM and FarmCPU methods. The results highlight the potential of machine learning algorithms in GWAS for detecting durable QTLs associated with SW and DM traits, which are well-suited for genomic-based breeding approaches. This study advances the accuracy and efficiency of GWAS, emphasizing the significance of employing advanced computational methods in crop breeding research. The findings provide essential knowledge regarding the genetic architecture of SW and DM traits in wheat, facilitating improved crop improvement strategies. Additionally, the ML-GWAS approach demonstrated its versatility and effectiveness, which can be applied to other crops and traits, enhancing crop genetics research and breeding efforts on a broader scale.
How many-body correlations and $α$-clustering shape $^6$He
Creators: name: Romero-Redondo, Carolina
name: Quaglioni, Sofia
name: Navratil, Petr
name: Hupin, Guillaume
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Borromean $^6$He nucleus is an exotic system characterized by two `halo' neutrons orbiting around a compact $^4$He (or $α$) core, in which the binary subsystems are unbound. The simultaneous reproduction of its small binding energy and extended matter and point-proton radii has been a challenge for {\em ab initio} theoretical calculations based on traditional bound-state methods. Using soft nucleon-nucleon interactions based on chiral effective field theory potentials, we show that supplementing the model space with $^4$He+$n$+$n$ cluster degrees of freedom largely solves this issue. We analyze the role played by the $α$-clustering and many-body correlations, and study the dependence of the energy spectrum on the resolution scale of the interaction.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Generation of Spin Currents by Magnetic Field in $\mathcal{T}$- and $\mathcal{P}$-Broken Materials
Creators: name: Wang, Jing
name: Lian, Biao
name: Zhang, Shou-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pure spin currents carry information in quantum spintronics and could play an essential role in the next generation low-energy-consumption electronics. Here we theoretically predict that the magnetic field can induce a quantum spin current without a concomitant charge current in metals without time reversal symmetry $\mathcal{T}$ and inversion symmetry $\mathcal{P}$ but respect the combined $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry. It is governed by the magnetic moment of the Bloch states on the Fermi surface, and can be regarded as a spinful generalization of the gyrotropic magnetic effect in $\mathcal{P}$-broken metals. The effect is explicitly studied for a minimal model of an antiferromagnetic Dirac semimetal, where the experimental signature is proposed. We further propose candidate materials, including topological antiferromagnetic Dirac semimetals, Weyl semimetals, and tenary Heusler compounds.
description: 4.7 pages, 1 figure
Determining the Galactic Bar Parameters based on the Hercules and Wolf 630 Stellar Streams
Creators: name: Bajkova, A. T.
name: Bobylev, V. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have identified the four most significant features in the UV velocity distribution of solar neighborhood stars: H1,H2 and W1,W2 in the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams respectively. We have put the task of determining number of characteristics of the central Galactic bar independently from each of the identified features by assuming that the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams have a bar-induced dynamical nature. The problem has been solved by constructing 2:1 resonant orbits in the rotating bar frame for each star in these streams. Analysis of the resonant orbits found has shown that the bar pattern speed Ω_b lies within the range 45-52 km/s/kpc with a mean of 48.1+/-1.0 km/s/kpc, while the bar angle θ_b is within the range 35-65 degrees with a mean of 50+/-4 degrees. The results obtained are consistent with the view that the Hercules and Wolf 630 streams could be formed by a single mechanism associated with the fact that a long-term influence of the Galactic bar led to a characteristic bimodal splitting of the UV velocity plane.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Baltic Astronomy. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1603.00610
Surface-electrode trap with an integrated permanent magnet for generating a magnetic-field gradient at trapped ions
Creators: name: Kawai, Yuji
name: Shimizu, Kenji
name: Noguchi, Atsushi
name: Urabe, Shinji
name: Tanaka, Utako
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a surface-electrode trap with SmCo magnets arranged in a quadrupole configuration underneath the trap electrode. Because the distance between the magnets and the trapped ions can be as little as several hundred micrometers, a large magnetic field is produced without any heat management. The magnetic-field gradient was measured using the Zeeman splitting of a single trapped $^{40}$Ca$^+$ ion at several positions, and a field gradient of 36 T/m was obtained. Such a field gradient is useful for the generation of a state-dependent force, which is important for quantum simulation and/or quantum gate operation using radio-frequency or microwave radiation.
Mapping the Galactic magnetic field with OH masers
Creators: name: Ogbodo, Chikaedu
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis presents results and analysis of the survey “Mapping the Galactic Magnetic Field with OH masers”, which observed hydroxyl (OH) masers towards hundreds of high-mass star forming regions (HMSFRs) traced by 6.7-GHz methanol masers. The observations were performed with the Australia Compact Array Telescope in full-polarization mode at frequencies covering all four ground-state OH maser transitions, 1612-, 1665-, 1667-, and 1720-MHz. The main objective of the survey was to investigate if the magnetic field direction inferred from the small scale OH masers can be used to recover the residual imprint of the Galactic magnetic field at larger kiloparsec scales. This work presents the largest catalogue of ground-state OH masers associated with HMSFRs (strictly associated with 6.7-GHz methanol masers) detected in the Southern-hemisphere. The catalogue consists of 573 detected OH maser sources over the four transitions, of which 177 are newly detected sources. The catalogue provides maser positions, magnetic field strengths, maximum linear and circular polarization, peak and range of source velocity, Stokes I, Q, U, V flux densities, integrated flux densities, integrated luminosities, and association of the OH masers with other maser species. We found that the median magnetic field strengths varied across the transitions with 3.3, 0.4, 0.8, and 6.1mG for 1612-, 1665-, 1667-, and 1720-MHz respectively, and that they covered a range largely consistent with expected values in HMSFRs. Furthermore, we determined that more than 90% of OH masers have fractional circular polarization greater than 50%, and conversely, the majority of all OH maser sources have fractional linear polarization less than 50 per cent, confirming that OH masers associated with HMSFRs are preferentially more circularly polarized than linearly polarized. From the sample of 573 ground-state OH maser sources detected towards 702 HMSFRs, we found 352 Zeeman pairs in 163 of the high-mass star forming regions, from which magnetic field strength and line-of-sight direction were deduced. Analysis of the inferred field direction in individual HMSFRs shows field coherence in at least 74% of the selected 96 HMSFRs, implying ordered fields at such scales. We also examined the fields at the intermediate scales of giant molecular clouds (GMCs), and at then at the larger scale of the spiral arms and sub-regions within them. Our investigation of two GMCs revealed a disordered distribution of field directions within them. Likewise, we do not find evidence that the field traced by OH masers retains the residual imprint of the Galactic-scale field in the spiral arms, or in sub-regions of the arms. Additionally, we do not find a strong correlation between the line-of-sight magnetic field direction inferred from OH masers and the large scale fields revealed by Faraday rotation measurements.
Exploring the connection between stellar halo profiles and accretion histories in $L_*$ galaxies
Creators: name: Amorisco, Nicola C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I use a library of controlled minor merger N-body simulations, a particle tagging technique and Monte Carlo generated $Λ$CDM accretion histories to study the highly stochastic process of stellar deposition onto the accreted stellar halos (ASHs) of $L_*$ galaxies. I explore the main physical mechanisms that drive the connection between the accretion history and the density profile of the ASH. I find that: i) through dynamical friction, more massive satellites are more effective at delivering their stars deeper into the host; ii) as a consequence, ASHs feature a negative gradient between radius and the local mass-weighed virial satellite-to-host mass ratio; iii) in $L_*$ galaxies, most ASHs feature a density profile that steepens towards sharper logarithmic slopes at increasing radii, though with significant halo-to-halo scatter; iv) the ASHs with the largest total ex-situ mass are such because of the chance accretion of a small number of massive satellites (rather than of a large number of low-mass ones).
description: Proceedings of IAU Symposium 321, "Formation and evolution of galaxy outskirts", Eds. A. Gil de Paz, J. C. Lee & J. H. Knapen, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge