cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The MUSE-Faint survey. III. Constraining scalar field dark matter with Antlia B
Creators: name: Júlio, Mariana P.
name: Brinchmann, Jarle
name: Zoutendijk, Sebastiaan L.
name: Read, Justin I.
name: Vaz, Daniel
name: Kamann, Sebastian
name: Krajnović, Davor
name: Boogaard, Leindert A.
name: Steinmetz, Matthias
name: Bouché, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims. We use the stellar line-of-sight velocities of Antlia B (Ant B), a faint dwarf galaxy in the NGC 3109 association, to derive constraints on the fundamental properties of scalar field dark matter (SFDM), which was originally proposed to solve the small-scale problems faced by cold dark matter models. Methods. We used the first spectroscopic observations of Ant B, a distant (d $\sim$ 1.35 Mpc) faint dwarf ($M_\text{V} = -9.7$, $M_\star \sim 8\times10^5$M$_\odot$), from MUSE-Faint, a survey of ultra-faint dwarfs conducted using the Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer. By measuring the line-of-sight velocities of stars in the $1'\times 1'$ field of view, we identified 127 stars as members of Ant B, which enabled us to model its dark matter density profile with the Jeans modelling code GravSphere. We implemented a model for SFDM into GravSphere and used this to place constraints on the self-coupling strength of this model. Results. We find a virial mass of ${M_{200} \approx 1.66^{+2.51}_{-0.92}\times 10^9}$ $M_\odot$ and a concentration parameter of ${c_{200}\approx 17.38^{+6.06}_{-4.20}}$ for Ant B. These results are consistent with the mass-concentration relations in the literature. We constrain the characteristic length scale of the repulsive self-interaction $R_{\text{TF}}$ of the SFDM model to $R_{\text{TF}} \lesssim 180$ pc ($68\%$ confidence level), which translates to a self-coupling strength of $\frac{g}{m^2c^4}\lesssim 5.2 \times 10^{-20}$ eV$^{-1}$cm$^3$. The constraint on the characteristic length scale of the repulsive self-interaction is inconsistent with the value required to match observations of the cores of dwarf galaxies in the Local Group, suggesting that the cored density profiles of those galaxies are not caused by SFDM.
description: Accepted for publication in A&A on 21-07-2023. 17 pages, 22 figures, 4 tables
Inhaled alpha 1 -proteinase inhibitor therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis
Creators: name: Gaggar, Amit
name: Chen, Junliang
name: Griffin, Rhonda
name: Dorkin, Henry L.
name: Flume, Patrick A.
name: Chmiel, James F.
name: Nichols, David
name: Donaldson, Scott H.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Inhaled alpha1-proteinase inhibitor (PI) is known to reduce neutrophil elastase burden in some patients with CF. This phase 2a study was designed to test inhaled Alpha-1 HC, a new aerosolized alpha1-PI formulation, in CF patients.
DEVELOPMENT COMMUNICATION IN GANDHIAN ERA :A STUDY ON COVERAGE PATTERN OF YOUNG INDIA
Creators: name: Dr.  Mathe Suresh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Mahatma Gandhi, Coverage , Development communication Young India

description: Abstract Gandhi's way of life is an example to many people in India and even today we find people following Gandhian methods in all spheres of life .Even in journalism also Gandhi specifically set certain principles and objectives for journalists. Gandhi influenced people belonging to many walks of life and his influence on journalism too is significant as is found in the following works undertaken by different scholars. The present study confined to coverage pattern on Development theme in Young India , used content analysis as a method to observe the 'frequency', 'distribution','place',and 'space'.
In situ electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy using single nanodiamond sensors
Creators: name: Qin, Zhuoyang
name: Wang, Zhecheng
name: Kong, Fei
name: Su, Jia
name: Huang, Zhehua
name: Zhao, Pengju
name: Chen, Sanyou
name: Zhang, Qi
name: Shi, Fazhan
name: Du, Jiangfeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An ultimate goal of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is to analyze molecular dynamics in place where it occurs, such as in a living cell. The nanodiamond (ND) hosting nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers will be a promising EPR sensor to achieve this goal. However, ND-based EPR spectroscopy remains elusive, due to the challenge of controlling NV centers without well-defined orientations inside a flexible ND. Here, we show a generalized zero-field EPR technique with spectra robust to the sensor's orientation. The key is applying an amplitude modulation on the control field, which generates a series of equidistant Floquet states with energy splitting being the orientation-independent modulation frequency. We acquire the zero-field EPR spectrum of vanadyl ions in aqueous glycerol solution with embedded single NDs, paving the way towards \emph{in vivo} EPR.
The United Nations millennium development and post-2015 sustainable development goals: Towards long-term social change and social stability An Introduction
Creators: name: Laaser, Ulrich
name: Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2015

description: -
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume II, 2014
ChildGAN: Large Scale Synthetic Child Facial Data Using Domain Adaptation in StyleGAN
Creators: name: Farooq, Muhammad Ali
name: Yao, Wang
name: Costache, Gabriel
name: Corcoran, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this research work, we proposed a novel ChildGAN, a pair of GAN networks for generating synthetic boys and girls facial data derived from StyleGAN2. ChildGAN is built by performing smooth domain transfer using transfer learning. It provides photo-realistic, high-quality data samples. A large-scale dataset is rendered with a variety of smart facial transformations: facial expressions, age progression, eye blink effects, head pose, skin and hair color variations, and variable lighting conditions. The dataset comprises more than 300k distinct data samples. Further, the uniqueness and characteristics of the rendered facial features are validated by running different computer vision application tests which include CNN-based child gender classifier, face localization and facial landmarks detection test, identity similarity evaluation using ArcFace, and lastly running eye detection and eye aspect ratio tests. The results demonstrate that synthetic child facial data of high quality offers an alternative to the cost and complexity of collecting a large-scale dataset from real children.
description: The Paper is submitted in IEEE Access Journal
Drag reduction in numerical two-phase Taylor-Couette turbulence using an Euler-Lagrange approach
Creators: name: Spandan, Vamsi
name: Ostilla-Monico, Rodolfo
name: Verzicco, Roberto
name: Lohse, Detlef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two-phase turbulent Taylor-Couette (TC) flow is simulated using an Euler-Lagrange approach to study the effects of a secondary phase dispersed into a turbulent carrier phase (here bubbles dispersed into water). The dynamics of the carrier phase is computed using Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) in an Eulerian framework, while the bubbles are tracked in a Lagrangian manner by modelling the effective drag, lift, added mass and buoyancy force acting on them. Two-way coupling is implemented between the dispersed phase and the carrier phase which allows for momentum exchange among both phases and to study the effect of the dispersed phase on the carrier phase dynamics. The radius ratio of the TC setup is fixed to $η=0.833$, and a maximum inner cylinder Reynolds number of $Re_i=8000$ is reached. We vary the Froude number ($Fr$), which is the ratio of the centripetal to the gravitational acceleration of the dispersed phase and study its effect on the net torque required to drive the TC system. For the two-phase TC system, we observe drag reduction, i.e., the torque required to drive the inner cylinder is less compared to that of the single phase system. The net drag reduction decreases with increasing Reynolds number $Re_i$, which is consistent with previous experimental findings (Murai et al. 2005, 2008). The drag reduction is strongly related to the Froude number: for fixed Reynolds number we observe higher drag reduction when $Fr < 1$ than for with$ Fr > 1$. This buoyancy effect is more prominent in low $Re_i$ systems and decreases with increasing Reynolds number $Re_i$. We trace the drag reduction back to the weakening of the angular momentum carrying Taylor rolls by the rising bubbles.
The Profiles of Students With Significant Cognitive Disabilities and Known Hearing Loss
Creators: name: Quick, Nancy
name: Erickson, Karen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The present study describes the characteristics of students in Grades 3-12 with significant cognitive disabilities (SCD) and known hearing loss. The study analyzed results of a survey of teachers of students with SCD (n = 38,367) who were slated to participate in an alternate assessment based on alternate achievement standards in 14 states in the United States. Analysis revealed similar profiles in academic achievement and symbolic language use combined with an increased incidence of additional sensory impairments among students with SCD and known hearing loss compared to their peers without known hearing loss. Results suggest that hearing loss may be underidentified and underserved among students with SCD and point to the need for improved hearing screenings and evaluations combined with services delivered by teams that follow a model of interprofessional practice.
Towards an integrative post-2015 sustainable development goal framework: Focusing on global justice – peace, security and basic human rights
Creators: name: Lueddeke, George R.
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2015

description: Following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, the adoption of the United Nations (UN) Millennium Declaration by 189 nations, including the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), has been hailed as a unique achievement in international development. Although the MDGs have raised the profile of global health, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, underpinned by the urgent need to address poverty worldwide, progress has been uneven both between and within countries. With over one billion people, Africa is a case in point. Aside from children completing a full course in primary school and achieving gender equality in primary school, none of the twelve main targets set for SS Africa has been met. A key reason suggested for this lack of progress is that the MDGs fall far short in terms of addressing the broader concept of development encapsulated in the Millennium Declaration, which includes human rights, equity, democracy, and governance. To strengthen the likelihood of realizing the post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly with regard to “planet and population” health and well-being , UN and other decision-makers are urged to consider the adoption of an integrated SDG framework that is based on (i) a vision of global justice - underpinned by peace, security and basic human rights; (ii) the development of interdependent and interconnected strategies for each of the eleven thematic indicators identified in the UN document The World We Want; and (iii) the application of guiding principles to measure the impact of SDG strategies in terms of holism, equity, sustainability, ownership, and global obligation. While current discussions on the SDGs are making progress in a number of areas, the need for integration of these around a common global vision and purpose seems especially crucial to avoid MDG shortcomings.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume II, 2014
Proof of entropy principle in Einstein-Maxwell theory
Creators: name: Fang, Xiongjun
name: Gao, Sijie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a static self-gravitating charged perfect fluid system in the Einstein-Maxwell theory. Assume Maxwell's equation and the Einstein constraint equation are satisfied, and the temperature of the fluid obeys Tolman's law. Then we prove that the total entropy of the fluid achieves an extremum implies other components of Einstein's equation for any variations of metric and electrical potential with fixed boundary values. Conversely, if Einstein's equation and Maxwell's equations hold, the total entropy achieves an extremum. Our work suggests that the maximum entropy principle is consistent with Einstein's equation when electric field is taken into account.
description: LaTex, 16 pages, some minor changes and simplified derivations, references added, matches published version
Ethics in research and publication of research articles
Creators: name: Masic, Izet
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2015

description: Science aims at promoting knowledge by gathering and discovering the objective truth, the facts that are independent of human interests, their values, ideology and biases. The way in which scientists come to this goal is through the universally accepted and thoroughly regulated processes – the scientific method. There is no clear definition which will answer the question what is unethical in biomedical research. All people recognize some common ethical norms but different individuals interpret, apply, and balance these norms in different ways in light of their own values and life experiences. Generally, it can be said that unethical behaviour in science is any significant mistreatment of intellectual property or participation of other parties, deliberately hampering the research process or distortion of scientific evidence, as well as all the behaviours that affect the integrity of scientific practice. Given the importance of the primary goal of scientific enterprise, that is search for truth and trustworthy results, ethics in science has increasingly come into focus. There are several reasons why it is important to adhere to ethical norms in research. Norms promote the aims of research, such as knowledge and truth, variety of moral and social values and help to build public support for research. This paper analyzes the major principles of ethical conduct in science and closely related topics on ghost authorship, conflict of interest, co-authorship assignment, redundant/repetitive and duplicate publications. Furthermore, the paper provides an insight into the fabrication and falsification of data, as the most common forms of scientific fraud.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume II, 2014
The channel capacity of the ribosome
Creators: name: Inafuku, Daniel A.
name: Kirkpatrick, Kay L.
name: Osuagwu, Onyema
name: An, Qier
name: Brewster, David A.
name: Nakib, Mayisha Zeb
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Translation is one of the most fundamental processes in the biological cell. Because of the central role that translation plays across all domains of life, the enzyme that carries out this process, the ribosome, is required to process information with high accuracy. This accuracy often approaches values near unity experimentally. In this paper, we model the ribosome as an information channel and demonstrate mathematically that this biological machine has information-processing capabilities that have not been recognized previously. In particular, we calculate bounds on the ribosome's theoretical Shannon capacity and numerically approximate this capacity. Finally, by incorporating estimates on the ribosome's operation time, we show that the ribosome operates at speeds safely below its capacity, allowing the ribosome to process information with an arbitrary degree of error. Our results show that the ribosome achieves a high accuracy in line with purely information-theoretic means.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures
Benefits of Case-Based versus Traditional Lecture-Based Instruction in a Preclinical Removable Prosthodontics Course
Creators: name: De Kok, Ingeborg J.
name: Divaris, Kimon
name: Samuelson, David B.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: This study compared the acceptability and relative effectiveness of case-based learning (CBL) versus traditional lecture-based (LB) instruction in a preclinical removable prosthodontics course in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Dentistry DDS curriculum. The entire second-year class (N=82) comprised this crossover study's sample. Assessments of baseline comprehension and confidence in removable partial denture (RPD) treatment planning were conducted at the beginning of the course. Near the end of the course, half of the class received CBL and LB instruction in an RPD module in alternating sequence, with students serving as their own control group. Assessments of perceived RPD treatment planning efficacy, comprehension, and instruction method preference were administered directly after students completed the RPD module and six months later. Analyses of variance accounting for period, carryover, and sequence effects were used to determine the relative effects of each approach using a p<0.05 statistical significance threshold. The results showed that the students preferred CBL (81%) over LB instruction (9%), a pattern that remained unchanged after a six-month period. Despite notable period and carryover effects, CBL was also associated with higher gains in RPD treatment planning comprehension (p=0.04) and perceived efficacy (p=0.01) compared to LB instruction. These gains diminished six months after the course-a finding based on a 49% follow-up response rate. Overall, the students overwhelmingly preferred CBL to LB instruction, and the findings suggest small albeit measurable educational benefits associated with CBL. This study's findings support the introduction and further testing of CBL in the preclinical dental curriculum, in anticipation of possible future benefits evident during clinical training.
Thermodynamic Signatures of Genuinely Multipartite Entanglement
Creators: name: Puliyil, Samgeeth
name: Banik, Manik
name: Alimuddin, Mir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Theory of bipartite entanglement shares profound similarities with thermodynamics. In this letter we extend this connection to multipartite quantum systems where entanglement appears in different forms with genuine entanglement being the most exotic one. We propose thermodynamic quantities that capture signature of genuineness in multipartite entangled states. Instead of entropy, these quantities are defined in terms of energy -- particularly the difference between global and local extractable works (ergotropies) that can be stored in quantum batteries. Some of these quantities suffice as faithful measures of genuineness and to some extent distinguish different classes of genuinely entangled states. Along with scrutinizing properties of these measures we compare them with the other existing genuine measures, and argue that they can serve the purpose in a better sense. Furthermore, generality of our approach allows to define suitable functions of ergotropies capturing the signature of $k$-nonseparability that characterizes qualitatively different manifestations of entanglement in multipartite systems.
description: Accepted in Physical Review Letters (close to accepted version)
What we need to improve the Public Health Workforce in Europe?
Creators: name: Bjegovic-Mikanovic, Vesna
name: Czabanowska, Katarzyna
name: Flahault, Antoine
name: Otok, Robert
name: Shortell, Stephen M.
name: Wisbaum, Wendy
name: Laaser, Ulrich
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2015

description: With the growth and complexity of current challenges such as globalization, health threats, and ageing society, financial constraints, and social and health inequalities, a multidisciplinary public health workforce is needed, supported by new skills and expertise. It has been demonstrated that public health education needs to include a wider range of health related professionals including: managers, health promotion specialists, health economists, lawyers and pharmacists. In the future, public health professionals will increasingly require enhanced communication and leadership skills, as well as a broad, interdisciplinary focus, if they are to truly impact upon the health of the population and compete successfully in today‘s job market. New developments comprise flexible academic programmes, lifelong learning, employability, and accreditation. In Europe‘s current climate of extreme funding constraints, the need for upgrading public health training and education is more important than ever. The broad supportive environment and context for change are in place. By focusing on assessment and evaluation of the current context, coordination and joint efforts to promote competency-based education, and support and growth of new developments, a stronger, more versatile and much needed workforce will be developed.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume II, 2014
An exploration of the mathematical structure and behavioural biases of 21st century financial crises
Creators: name: James, Nick
name: Menzies, Max
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Finance (q-fin.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: In this paper we contrast the dynamics of the 2022 Ukraine invasion financial crisis with notable financial crises of the 21st century - the dot-com bubble, global financial crisis and COVID-19. We study the similarity in market dynamics and associated implications for equity investors between various financial market crises and we introduce new mathematical techniques to do so. First, we study the strength of collective dynamics during different market crises, and compare suitable portfolio diversification strategies with respect to the unique number of sectors and stocks for optimal systematic risk reduction. Next, we introduce a new linear operator method to quantify distributional distance between equity returns during various crises. Our method allows us to fairly compare underlying stock and sector performance during different time periods, normalising for those collective dynamics driven by the overall market. Finally, we introduce a new combinatorial portfolio optimisation framework driven by random sampling to investigate whether particular equities and equity sectors are more effective in maximising investor risk-adjusted returns during market crises.
description: Accepted manuscript. Minor edits since v1. Equal contribution
Shaping and authorising a public health profession
Creators: name: Czabanowska, Katarzyna
name: Laaser, Ulrich
name: Stjernberg, Louise
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2015

description: The aim of this short report is to stimulate a discussion on the state of a public health profession in Europe and actions which need to be taken to authorise public health professionals based on their competencies. While regulated professions such as medical doctors, nurses, lawyers, and architects can enjoy the benefits of the 2005/36/EC Directive amended by 2013/55/EU Directive on the recognition of professional qualifications, public health professionals are left out from these influential (elite) professions. Firstly, we use the profession traits theory as a framework in arguing whether public health can be a legitimate profession in itself; secondly, we explain who public health professionals are and what usually is required for shaping the public health profession; and thirdly, we attempt to sketch the road to the authorisation or licensing of public health professionals. Finally, we propose some recommendations.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume II, 2014
Control of public expenditure on drug products in Bulgaria – Policies and outcomes
Creators: name: Vekov, Toni Yonkov
Publisher: name: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH)
Year: 2015

description: Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the economic performance of the application of the policy for negotiating discounts on drug products and agreements on the controlled access of patients in Bulgaria. Methods: The methodology involves comparison of the amounts of public spending on medicines in two periods – during the course of the analyzed drug policies (January 2007 – June 2009), and the period in which negotiations on the price of medicines and programs for the controlled access of the patients was discontinued (July 2009 – December 2012). Results: In Bulgaria, the government did not apply methods for controlling public expenditure on medicines bargaining price concessions from manufacturers and implementing agreements on controlled access of patients after June 2009. This led to an annual increase in the expenditures on drug products for home treatment (on average, 17% for the period 2009-2012). Conclusion: This trend in Bulgaria will continue in the future since expenditure control only through price control by means of a reference system and the positive list of medicines is ineffective. There is a need for implementation of combined drug policies in Bulgaria in the form of negotiations on rebates with manufacturers and agreements on controlled access of patients and reference pricing.
description: South Eastern European Journal of Public Health (SEEJPH), Volume II, 2014
Ultracompact vector stars
Creators: name: Tasinato, Gianmassimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analytically investigate a new family of horizonless compact objects in vector-tensor theories of gravity, called ultracompact vector stars. They are sourced by a vector condensate, induced by a non-minimal coupling with gravity. They can be as compact as black holes, thanks to their internal anisotropic stress. In the spherically symmetric case their interior resembles an isothermal sphere, with a singularity that can be resolved by tuning the available integration constants. The star interior smoothly matches to an exterior Schwarzschild geometry, with no need of extra energy-momentum tensor at the star surface. We analyse the behaviour of geodesics within the star interior, where stable circular orbits are allowed, as well as trajectories crossing in both ways the star surface. We analytically study stationary deformations of the vector field and of the geometry, which break spherical symmetry, and whose features depend on the vector-tensor theory we consider. We introduce and determine the vector magnetic susceptibility as a probe of the star properties, and we analyze how the rate of rotation of the star is affected by the vector charges.
description: 23 pages, 4 figures
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FACTORS IN IRRIGATED AND NON-IRRIGATED VILLAGES OF PHALTAN TALUKA OF SATARA DISTRICTS
Creators: name: Dr. Asaram S. Jadhav
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Irrigation, Density, Population, Sex Ratio, Workforce, Scheduled Tribes, Scheduled Cast etc.

description: Abstract: Irrigation can transform society as well as land and landscapes (Blake and Taylor, 1986; McCrostie Little and Taylor, 2001). It has long been accepted in agricultural societies that the power of water managed through irrigation can transform the land. Citing historical examples from ancient to modern times, Morton (1978) points out that it is not so widely appreciated “water can transmute a society as definitely and profoundly as it transforms the landscape”. In India, when irrigation facilities are increases economic condition is also increases. This research study the which impact occur on demography (such as large family size, high total number of children, woman health), social (such as education, woman status, agricultural labor status) and economic condition of a particular family. This research also considers the impact of irrigation on rural women. Can rural females really developed her social, economic and decision power or not after available irrigation facilities.
Cold spots in quantum systems far from equilibrium: local entropies and temperatures near absolute zero
Creators: name: Shastry, Abhay
name: Stafford, Charles A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a question motivated by the third law of thermodynamics: can there be a local temperature arbitrarily close to absolute zero in a nonequilibrium quantum system? We consider nanoscale quantum conductors with the source reservoir held at finite temperature and the drain held at or near absolute zero, a problem outside the scope of linear response theory. We obtain local temperatures close to absolute zero when electrons originating from the finite temperature reservoir undergo destructive quantum interference. The local temperature is computed by numerically solving a nonlinear system of equations describing equilibration of a scanning thermoelectric probe with the system, and we obtain excellent agreement with analytic results derived using the Sommerfeld expansion. A local entropy for a nonequilibrium quantum system is introduced, and used as a metric quantifying the departure from local equilibrium. It is shown that the local entropy of the system tends to zero when the probe temperature tends to zero, consistent with the third law of thermodynamics.
description: 12 pages, 4 figures, 1 table
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking without classical fields: a Functional Renormalization Group approach
Creators: name: Jakovac, A.
name: Mati, P.
name: Posfay, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an approach to describe Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) that does not rely on the order parameter dependent free energy (Landau theory). We use the Functional Renormalization Group (FRG) evolution of the explicitly broken theory, using a truncation scheme that is compatible with the Ward identities. To represent the symmetry breaking, we propose to use the "Ward ratio" which is zero in the symmetric phase and unity in the broken phase. In this approach a unified scale evolution of the effective potential is applicable in both phases. It is peculiar that the scale evolution is accelerated in the critical regime.
description: 12 pages, 2 figures
Directed Acyclic Graphs for Oral Disease Research
Creators: name: Akinkugbe,
name: Ohrbach,
name: Slade,
name: Poole,
name: Sharma,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are nonparametric graphical tools used to depict causal relations in the epidemiologic assessment of exposure-outcome associations. Although their use in dental research was first advocated in 2002, DAGs have yet to be widely adopted in this field. DAGs help identify threats to causal inference such as confounders, bias due to subject selection, and inappropriate handling of missing data. DAGs can also inform the data analysis strategy based on relations among variables depicted on it. This article uses the example of a study of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), investigating causal effects of facial injury on subsequent risk of TMD. We illustrate how DAGs can be used to identify 1) potential confounders, 2) mediators and the consequences of attempt to estimate direct causal effects, 3) colliders and the consequences of conditioning on colliders, and 4) variables that are simultaneously mediators and confounders and the consequences of adjustment for such variables. For example, one DAG shows that statistical adjustment for the pressure pain threshold would necessarily bias the causal relation between facial injury and TMD. Finally, we discuss the usefulness of DAGs during study design, subject selection, and choosing variables to be measured in a study.
Ocean signatures in the total flux and polarization spectra of Earth-like exoplanets
Creators: name: Trees, Victor J. H.
name: Stam, Daphne M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Numerical simulations of starlight that is reflected by Earth-like exoplanets predict habitability signatures that can be searched for with future telescopes. We explore signatures of water oceans in the flux and polarization spectra of this reflected light. With an adding-doubling algorithm, we compute the total flux F, polarized flux Q and degree of polarization P of starlight reflected by dry and ocean model planets with Earth-like atmospheres and patchy clouds. The oceans consist of Fresnel reflecting surfaces with wind-ruffled waves, foam and wave shadows, above natural blue seawater. Our results are presented as functions of wavelength (from 300 to 2500 nm with 1 nm resolution) and as functions of the planetary phase angle from 90 to 170 degrees. The ocean glint increases F, |Q| and P with increasing phase angle at non-absorbing wavelengths, and causes the spectra of F and |Q| for the various phase angles to intersect. In the near-infrared, Q is negative, i.e. the direction of polarization is perpendicular to the plane through the star, planet, and observer. In the P-spectra, the glint leaves dips (instead of peaks) in gaseous absorption bands. All those signatures are missing in the spectra of dry planets. The dips in P, and the negative Q in the near-infrared, can be searched for at a phase angle of 90 degrees, where the planet-star separation is largest. Those ocean signatures in polarized light do not suffer from false positive glint signals that could be due to clouds or reflecting dry surfaces. For heavily cloudy planets, ocean detection is possible when the glint is (partially) cloud-free. When modelling signals of planets with oceans, using horizontally inhomogeneous cloud covers is thus crucial. Observations spread over time would increase the probability of catching a cloud-free glint and detecting an ocean.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell wormholes in quantum field theory
Creators: name: Kain, Ben
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Charged Dirac fields minimally coupled to gravity have spherically symmetric wormhole solutions known as Einstein-Dirac-Maxwell (EDM) wormholes. EDM wormholes do not make use of exotic matter and exist in asymptotically flat general relativity. We construct static spherically symmetric EDM wormhole configurations in quantum field theory using semiclassical approximations for gravity and the electromagnetic field. Our framework is able to describe a broader class of EDM wormholes than previously considered and, being constructed in quantum field theory, puts EDM wormholes on firmer theoretical ground.
description: 12 pages, 5 figures; v2: typos corrected
Is Dental Utilization Associated with Oral Health Literacy?
Creators: name: Burgette,
name: Lee,
name: Baker,
name: Vann,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: The objectives of this study were to examine the pattern of association between dental utilization and oral health literacy (OHL). As part of the Carolina Oral Health Literacy Project, clients in the Women, Infants, and Children’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program completed a structured 30-min in-person interview conducted by 2 trained interviewers at 9 sites in 7 counties in North Carolina. Data were collected on clients’ OHL, sociodemographics, dental utilization, self-efficacy, and dental knowledge. The outcome, OHL, was measured with a dental word recognition test (30-item Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry). Descriptive and multiple linear regression methods were used to examine the distribution of OHL and its association with covariates. After adjusting for age, education, race, marital status, self-efficacy, and dental knowledge, multiple linear regression showed that dental utilization was not a significant predictor of OHL (P > 0.05). Under the conditions of this study, dental utilization was not a significant predictor of OHL.
A Well-Posed UV Completion for Simulating Scalar Galileons
Creators: name: Gerhardinger, Mary
name: Giblin, John T.
name: Tolley, Andrew J.
name: Trodden, Mark
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Galileon scalar field theory is a prototypical example of an effective field theory that exhibits the Vainshtein screening mechanism, which is incorporated into many extensions to Einstein gravity. The Galileon describes the helicity zero mode of gravitational radiation, the presence of which has significant implications for predictions of gravitational waves from orbiting objects, and for tests of gravity sensitive to additional polarizations. Because of the derivative nature of their interactions, Galileons are superficially not well-posed as effective field theories. Although this property is properly understood merely as an artifact of the effective field theory truncation, and is not theoretically worrisome, at the practical level it nevertheless renders numerical simulation highly problematic. Notwithstanding, previous numerical approaches have successfully evolved the system for reasonable initial data by slowly turning on the interactions. We present here two alternative approaches to improving numerical stability in Galileon numerical simulations. One of these is a minor modification of previous approaches, which introduces a low pass filter that amounts to imposing a UV cutoff together with a relaxation method of turning on interactions. The second approach amounts to constructing a (numerical) UV completion for which the dynamics of the high momentum modes is under control, and for which it is unnecessary to slowly turn on nonlinear interactions. We show that numerical simulations of the UV theory successfully reproduce the correct Galileon dynamics at low energies, consistent with the low-pass filter method and with previous numerical simulations.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures; fixed missing reference; added references
Robust predictions for the large-scale cosmological power deficit from primordial quantum nonequilibrium
Creators: name: Colin, Samuel
name: Valentini, Antony
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave formulation of quantum theory allows the existence of physical states that violate the Born probability rule. Recent work has shown that in pilot-wave field theory on expanding space relaxation to the Born rule is suppressed for long-wavelength field modes, resulting in a large-scale power deficit ξ(k) which for a radiation-dominated expansion is found to have an approximate inverse-tangent dependence on k (assuming that the width of the initial distribution is smaller than the width of the initial Born-rule distribution and that the initial quantum states are evenly-weighted superpositions of energy states). In this paper we show that the functional form of ξ(k) is robust under changes in the initial nonequilibrium distribution -- subject to the limitation of a subquantum width -- as well as under the addition of an inflationary era at the end of the radiation-dominated phase. In both cases the predicted deficit ξ(k) remains an inverse-tangent function of k. Furthermore, with the inflationary phase the dependence of the fitting parameters on the number of superposed pre-inflationary energy states is comparable to that found previously. Our results indicate that, for the assumed broad class of initial conditions, an inverse-tangent power deficit is likely to be a fairly general and robust signature of quantum relaxation in the early universe.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, equation (16) corrected in v3
Exciton-Driven Renormalization of Quasiparticle Band Structure in Monolayer MoS2
Creators: name: Lin, Yi
name: Chan, Yang-hao
name: Lee, Woojoo
name: Lu, Li-Syuan
name: Li, Zhenglu
name: Chang, Wen-Hao
name: Shih, Chih-Kang
name: Kaindl, Robert A.
name: Louie, Steven G.
name: Lanzara, Alessandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optical excitation serves as a powerful approach to control the electronic structure of layered Van der Waals materials via many-body screening effects, induced by photoexcited free carriers, or via light-driven coherence, such as optical Stark and Bloch-Siegert effects. Although theoretical work has also pointed to an exotic mechanism of renormalizing band structure via excitonic correlations in bound electron-hole pairs (excitons), experimental observation of such exciton-driven band renormalization and the full extent of their implications is still lacking, largely due to the limitations of optical probes and the impact of screening effects. Here, by using extreme-ultraviolet time-resolved angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy together with excitonic many-body theoretical calculations, we directly unmask the band renormalization effects driven by excitonic correlations in a monolayer semiconductor. We revealed a surprising bandgap opening, increased by 40 meV, and a simultaneous enhancement of band effective mass. Our findings unmask the novel exciton-driven mechanism towards the band engineering in photoexcited semiconducting materials, opening a new playground to manipulate the transient energy states in layered quantum materials via optical controls of excitonic many-body correlations.
Levels of Candidate Periodontal Pathogens in Subgingival Biofilm
Creators: name: Faveri,
name: Soares,
name: Feres,
name: Figueiredo,
name: Oliveira,
name: Teles,
name: Fermiano,
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: In recent years, several new periodontal taxa have been associated with the etiology of periodontitis. A recent systematic review provides further support for the pathogenic role of 17 species/phylotypes. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and levels of these species in subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis (GChP; n = 30), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP; n = 30), and periodontal health (PH; n = 30). All subjects underwent clinical and microbiological assessment. Nine subgingival plaque samples were collected from each subject and analyzed for their content of 20 bacterial species/phylotypes through the RNA-oligonucleotide quantification technique. Subjects from the GChP and GAgP groups presented the highest mean values for all clinical parameters in comparison with the PH group (P < 0.05). Subjects with GChP and GAgP showed significantly higher mean levels of Bacteroidetes sp. human oral taxon (HOT) 274, Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360, and TM7 sp. HOT 356 phylotypes, as well as higher mean levels of Filifactor alocis, Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Selenomonas sputigena species than PH subjects (P < 0.05). GAgP subjects presented higher mean levels of TM7 sp. HOT 356 and F. alocis than GChP subjects (P < 0.05). A significantly higher mean prevalence of Bacteroidales sp. HOT 274, Desulfobulbus sp. HOT 041, Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360, and Fretibacterium sp. HOT 362 was found in subjects with GChP and GAgP than in PH subjects. Mean levels of P. gingivalis (r = 0.68), T. forsythia (r = 0.62), F. alocis (r = 0.51, P = 0.001), and Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360 (r = 0.41) were correlated with pocket depth (P < 0.001). In conclusion, Bacteroidales sp. HOT 274, Desulfobulbus sp. HOT 041, Fretibacterium sp. HOT 360, Fretibacterium sp. HOT 362, and TM7 sp. HOT 356 phylotypes, in addition to F. alocis, F. fastidiosum, and S. sputigena, seem to be associated with periodontitis, and their role in periodontal pathogenesis should be further investigated.
Bacterial floc mediated rapid streamer formation in creeping flows
Creators: name: Hassanpourfard, Mahtab
name: Nikakhtari, Zahra
name: Ghosh, Ranajay
name: Das, Siddhartha
name: Thundat, Thomas
name: Liu, Yang
name: Kumar, Aloke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the central puzzles concerning the interaction of low Reynolds number (Re<<1) fluid transport with bacterial biomass is the formation of filamentous structures called streamers. In this manuscript, we report our discovery of a new kind of low Re bacterial streamers, which appear from pre-formed bacterial flocs. In sharp contrast to the biofilm-mediated streamers, these streamers form over extremely small timescales (less than a second). Our experiments, carried out in a microchannel with micropillars rely on fluorescence microscopy techniques to illustrate that floc-mediated streamers form when a freely-moving floc adheres to the micropillar wall and gets rapidly sheared by the background flow. We also show that at their inception the deformation of the flocs is dominated by recoverable large strains indicating significant elasticity. These strains subsequently increase tremendously to produce filamentous streamers. Interestingly, we find that these fully formed streamers are not static structures and show viscous response at time scales larger than their formation time scales. Finally we show that such novel streamer formation can lead to rapid clogging of microfluidic devices.