cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Words to describe a black hole
Creators: name: Chang, Chi-Ming
name: Lin, Ying-Hsuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We revamp the constructive enumeration of 1/16-BPS states in the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills in four dimensions, and search for ones that are not of multi-graviton form. A handful of such states are found for gauge group SU(2) at relatively high energies, resolving a decade-old enigma. Along the way, we clarify various subtleties in the literature, and prove a non-renormalization theorem about the exactness of the cohomological enumeration in perturbation theory. We point out a giant-graviton-like feature in our results, and envision that a deep analysis of our data will elucidate the fundamental properties of black hole microstates.
description: 13 pages, 2 figures, 5 tables; v2, v3: minor revisions, references added; v4: references added, subtleties with non-renormalization theorem discussed
Status quo des Risikomanagements in der deutschen Landwirtschaft: Besteht Bedarf an einer Ein-kommensversicherung?
Creators: name: Möllmann, Johannes
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2018

description: Durch zunehmende Markt- und Klimarisiken steigen die zukünftigen Anforderungen an das landwirt-schaftliche Risikomanagement. In der EU erhalten Landwirte staatliche Einkommensunterstützung durch die Direktzahlungen. Allerdings werden diese von verschiedenen Seiten aufgrund ihrer geringen Präzision kritisiert. Das von der Europäischen Kommission vorgeschlagene Income Stabilisation Tool (IST) könnte eine Alternative zu den Direktzahlungen sein. In welchem Umfang staatliche Unterstützung überhaupt erforderlich ist, hängt auch von der Risikoexposition und den derzeit eingesetzten Risikomanagementinstrumenten ab. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Studie zum einen die Risikoexposition und die eingesetzten Risikomanagementinstrumente deutscher Landwirte und. Zum anderen wird die Akzeptanz des IST als Alternative zu den Direktzahlungen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die überwiegend risikoaversen Landwirte Produktpreisrisiken und Risiken durch Trockenschäden als die relevantesten Quellen von Einkommensschwankungen einstufen. Diese Risiken werden hauptsächlich durch Forward-Kontrakte, Lagerhaltung und finanzielle Reserven abgesichert. Wenige Landwirte verwenden Futures-Kontrakte zur Preisabsicherung oder Versicherungen gegen Trockenschäden. Die Akzeptanz des IST sowie die Höhe der akzeptierten Reduktion der Direktzahlungen ohne Nutzenverlust im Austausch für das IST fallen gering aus. Daraus folgt nicht, dass der Status quo der Agrarpolitik in Deutschland in Bezug auf das Risikomanagement und die Direktzahlungen keinen Spielraum für eine Weiterentwicklung bietet. Mögliche Ansatzstellen der Agrarpolitik in Bezug auf Produktpreisrisiken wäre das Verständnis und die Nutzung von Futures-Kontrakten an der Warenterminbörse zu fördern, in Bezug auf Produktionsrisiken wäre die Förderung der Entwicklung von innovativen Versicherungsprodukten (z. B. satellitenbasierte Wet-terindexversicherungen) denkbar. Des Weiteren könnten Versicherungsprämien durch staatliche Unterstützung als Rückversicherer reduziert werden. Aufgrund der hohen Zustimmung zu einer staatlichen Förderung von Umweltleistungen, könnte ein Teil der Direktzahlungen länderspezifisch an die Umsetzung von Umweltmaßnahmen gekoppelt werden.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
Überblick von Forschungsprojekten zu alternativen Haltungssystemen mit Schwerpunkt Ferkelaufzucht
Creators: name: Winkel, Carolin
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2018

description: Zusammenfassung
Die Haltung von Schweinen ist eine viel diskutierte, aber bislang ungelöste Problemstellung. Um die Akzeptanz in der Bevölkerung wieder herzustellen, müssen gesellschaftlich akzeptable und praktisch realisierbare Stallbaukonzepte für die Schweinehaltung entwickelt werden. Im Bereich der Schweinehaltung besteht in Deutschland eine umfangreiche Forschung. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Forschungsprojekte, die sich speziell mit den Haltungssystemen von Aufzuchtferkeln beschäftigen. Die verschiedenen Projekte werden beschrieben und sofern bereits Ergebnisse verfügbar sind, werden diese zusammengefasst dargestellt. Dadurch steht interessierten Landwirten und anderen Stakeholdern ein Status quo der Forschung mit Bezug zu tiergerechten Haltungsverfahren bei Aufzuchtferkeln zur Verfügung. In einem bereits veröffentlichen Beitrag wurde eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Forschungsprojekte, die sich speziell mit der Mastschweinehaltung beschäftigen und übergreifende Projekte, die sowohl die Sauenhaltung, die Ferkelerzeugung sowie die Mastschweinehaltung gleichzeitig betreffen, gegeben. In einem weiteren Beitrag werden Projekte mit Bezug zur Haltung von Sauen und Saugferkeln vorgestellt.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
Profile likelihood maps of a 15-dimensional MSSM
Creators: name: Strege, C.
name: Bertone, G.
name: Besjes, G. J.
name: Caron, S.
name: de Austri, R. Ruiz
name: Strubig, A.
name: Trotta, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present statistically convergent profile likelihood maps obtained via global fits of a phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with 15 free parameters (the MSSM-15), based on over 250M points. We derive constraints on the model parameters from direct detection limits on dark matter, the Planck relic density measurement and data from accelerator searches. We provide a detailed analysis of the rich phenomenology of this model, and determine the SUSY mass spectrum and dark matter properties that are preferred by current experimental constraints. We evaluate the impact of the measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ($g-2$) on our results, and provide an analysis of scenarios in which the lightest neutralino is a subdominant component of the dark matter. The MSSM-15 parameters are relatively weakly constrained by current data sets, with the exception of the parameters related to dark matter phenomenology ($M_1$, $M_2$, $μ$), which are restricted to the sub-TeV regime, mainly due to the relic density constraint. The mass of the lightest neutralino is found to be < 1.5 TeV at 99% C.L., but can extend up to 3 TeV when excluding the $g - 2$ constraint from the analysis. Low-mass bino-like neutralinos are strongly favoured, with spin-independent scattering cross-sections extending to very small values, $\sim 10^{-20}$ pb. ATLAS SUSY null searches strongly impact on this mass range, and thus rule out a region of parameter space that is outside the reach of any current or future direct detection experiment. The best-fit point obtained after inclusion of all data corresponds to a squark mass of 2.3 TeV, a gluino mass of 2.1 TeV and a 130 GeV neutralino with a spin-independent cross-section of $2.4 \times 10^{-10}$ pb, which is within the reach of future multi-ton scale direct detection experiments and of the upcoming LHC run at increased centre-of-mass energy.
description: 52 pages, 21 figures, submitted to JHEP
Use-conditional meaning in Rational Speech Act models
Creators: name: Qing, Ciyang
name: Cohn-Gordon, Reuben
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Motivated by shortcomings in the modeling of repeated utterances in Burnett’s Rational Speech Act (RSA) model of social meaning, we propose an alternative analysis in terms of use-conditional meaning, which we implement in an extended RSA framework. We show that it can not only model the production of a sequence of utterances throughout a discourse, but also captures the similarities between social and expressive meaning.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
On the alumina dust production in the winds of O-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch stars
Creators: name: Dell'Agli, F.
name: García-Hernández, D. A.
name: Rossi, C.
name: Ventura, P.
name: Di Criscienzo, M.
name: Schneider, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The O-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) stars experience strong mass loss with efficient dust condensation and they are major sources of dust in the interstellar medium. Alumina dust (Al$_2$O$_3$) is an important dust component in O-rich circumstellar shells and it is expected to be fairly abundant in the winds of the more massive and O-rich AGB stars. By coupling AGB stellar nucleosynthesis and dust formation, we present a self-consistent exploration on the Al$_2$O$_3$ production in the winds of AGB stars with progenitor masses between $\sim$3 and 7 M$_{\odot}$ and metallicities in the range 0.0003 $\le$ Z $\le$ 0.018. We find that Al$_2$O$_3$ particles form at radial distances from the centre between $\sim2$ and 4 R$_*$ (depending on metallicity), which is in agreement with recent interferometric observations of Galactic O-rich AGB stars. The mass of Al$_2$O$_3$ dust is found to scale almost linearly with metallicity, with solar metallicity AGBs producing the highest amount (about 10$^{-3}$ M$_{\odot}$) of alumina dust. The Al$_2$O$_3$ grain size decreases with decreasing metallicity (and initial stellar mass) and the maximum size of the Al$_2$O$_3$ grains is $\sim$0.075 $μm$ for the solar metallicity models. Interestingly, the strong depletion of gaseous Al observed in the low-metallicity HBB AGB star HV 2576 seems to be consistent with the formation of Al$_2$O$_3$ dust as predicted by our models. We suggest that the content of Al may be used as a mass (and evolutionary stage) indicator in AGB stars experiencing HBB.
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Überblick von Forschungsprojekten zu alternativen Haltungssystemen mit Schwerpunkt Sauen- und Saugferkelhaltung
Creators: name: Winkel, Carolin
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2018

description: Zusammenfassung
In Deutschland besteht eine umfangreiche Forschung im Bereich der Weiterentwicklung von Haltungssystemen für Schweine. Denn wie Nutztiere zukünftig gehalten werden sollen, ist eine viel diskutierte, aber bislang ungelöste Problemstellung. Die gesellschaftliche Kritik an der Schweinehaltung setzt die gesamte Branche massiv unter Druck. Daher müssen gesellschaftlich akzeptable und praktisch realisierbare Stallbaukonzepte für die Schweinehaltung entwickelt werden, um die Akzeptanz der Schweinefleischproduktion in der Bevölkerung wiederherzustellen. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Forschungsprojekte, die sich mit der Sauenhaltung und Abferkelsystemen beschäftigen. Neben der Gestaltung der Versuche werden auch Ergebnisse der Projekte, sofern diese verfügbar sind, zusammengefasst dargestellt. Auf diese Weise steht interessierten Landwirten und anderen Stakeholdern ein Status quo der Forschung bezüglich alternativer Haltungssysteme für die Sauenhaltung sowie für die Abferkelung/ Säugephase zur Verfügung. In einem bereits veröffentlichen Beitrag (Ausgabe August 2018; 96 (2)) wurde eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Forschungsprojekte, die sich speziell mit der Mastschweinehaltung beschäftigen und übergreifende Projekte, die sowohl die Sauenhaltung, die Ferkelerzeugung sowie die Mastschweinehaltung gleichzeitig betreffen, gegeben. In einem folgenden Beitrag werden bestehende Projekte mit Bezug zur Ferkelaufzucht vorgestellt.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
On the probability distribution function of the mass surface density of molecular clouds I
Creators: name: Fischera, Joerg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The probability distribution function (PDF) of the mass surface density is an essential characteristic of the structure of molecular clouds or the interstellar medium in general. Observations of the PDF of molecular clouds indicate a composition of a broad distribution around the maximum and a decreasing tail at high mass surface densities. The first component is attributed to the random distribution of gas which is modeled using a log-normal function while the second component is attributed to condensed structures modeled using a simple power-law. The aim of this paper is to provide an analytical model of the PDF of condensed structures which can be used by observers to extract information about the condensations. The condensed structures are considered to be either spheres or cylinders with a truncated radial density profile at cloud radius r_cl. The assumed profile is of the form rho(r)=rho_c/(1+(r/r_0)^2)^{n/2} for arbitrary power n where rho_c and r_0 are the central density and the inner radius, respectively. An implicit function is obtained which either truncates (sphere) or has a pole (cylinder) at maximal mass surface density. The PDF of spherical condensations and the asymptotic PDF of cylinders in the limit of infinite overdensity rho_c/rho(r_cl) flattens for steeper density profiles and has a power law asymptote at low and high mass surface densities and a well defined maximum. The power index of the asymptote Sigma^(-gamma) of the logarithmic PDF (Sigma x P(Sigma)) in the limit of high mass surface densities is given by gamma = (n+1)/(n-1)-1 (spheres) or by gamma=n/(n-1)-1 (cylinders in the limit of infinite overdensity).
description: 12 pages, 6 figures, appendices will be published only online
Vibration Compensation of Delta 3D Printer with Position-varying Dynamics using Filtered B-Splines
Creators: name: Edoimioya, Nosakhare
name: Chou, Cheng-Hao
name: Okwudire, Chinedum E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The delta robot is becoming a popular choice for the mechanical design of fused filament fabrication 3D printers because it can reach higher speeds than traditional serial-axis designs. Like serial 3D printers, delta printers suffer from undesirable vibration at high speeds which degrades the quality of fabricated parts. This undesirable vibration has been suppressed in serial printers using linear model-inversion feedforward control methods like the filtered B-splines (FBS) approach. However, techniques like the FBS approach are computationally challenging to implement on delta 3D printers because of their coupled, position-dependent dynamics. In this paper, we propose a methodology to address the computational bottlenecks by (1) parameterizing the position-dependent portions of the dynamics offline to enable efficient online model generation, (2) computing real-time models at sampled points (instead of every point) along the given trajectory, and (3) employing QR factorization to reduce the number of floating-point arithmetic operations associated with matrix inversion. In simulations, we report a computation time reduction of up to 23x using the proposed method, while maintaining high accuracy, when compared to a controller using the computationally expensive exact LPV model. In experiments, we demonstrate significant quality improvements on parts printed at various positions on the delta 3D printer using our proposed controller compared to a baseline alternative, which uses an LTI model from one position. Through acceleration measurements during printing, we also show that the print quality boost of the proposed controller is due to vibration reductions of more than 20\% when compared to the baseline controller.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Int. Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
A Sun-like star orbiting a black hole
Creators: name: El-Badry, Kareem
name: Rix, Hans-Walter
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Howard, Andrew W.
name: Isaacson, Howard
name: Fuller, Jim
name: Hawkins, Keith
name: Breivik, Katelyn
name: Wong, Kaze W. K.
name: Rodriguez, Antonio C.
name: Conroy, Charlie
name: Shahaf, Sahar
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
name: Arenou, Frédéric
name: Burdge, Kevin B.
name: Bashi, Dolev
name: Faigler, Simchon
name: Weisz, Daniel R.
name: Seeburger, Rhys
name: Monter, Silvia Almada
name: Wojno, Jennifer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report discovery of a bright, nearby ($G = 13.8;\,\,d = 480\,\rm pc$) Sun-like star orbiting a dark object. We identified the system as a black hole candidate via its astrometric orbital solution from the Gaia mission. Radial velocities validated and refined the Gaia solution, and spectroscopy ruled out significant light contributions from another star. Joint modeling of radial velocities and astrometry constrains the companion mass to $M_2 = 9.62\pm 0.18\,M_{\odot}$. The spectroscopic orbit alone sets a minimum companion mass of $M_2>5\,M_{\odot}$; if the companion were a $5\,M_{\odot}$ star, it would be $500$ times more luminous than the entire system. These constraints are insensitive to the mass of the luminous star, which appears as a slowly-rotating G dwarf ($T_{\rm eff}=5850\,\rm K$, $\log g = 4.5$, $M=0.93\,M_{\odot}$), with near-solar metallicity ($\rm [Fe/H] = -0.2$) and an unremarkable abundance pattern. We find no plausible astrophysical scenario that can explain the orbit and does not involve a black hole. The orbital period, $P_{\rm orb}=185.6$ days, is longer than that of any known stellar-mass black hole binary. The system's modest eccentricity ($e=0.45$), high metallicity, and thin-disk Galactic orbit suggest that it was born in the Milky Way disk with at most a weak natal kick. How the system formed is uncertain. Common envelope evolution can only produce the system's wide orbit under extreme and likely unphysical assumptions. Formation models involving triples or dynamical assembly in an open cluster may be more promising. This is the nearest known black hole by a factor of 3, and its discovery suggests the existence of a sizable population of dormant black holes in binaries. Future Gaia releases will likely facilitate the discovery of dozens more.
description: 30 pages, 15 figures, 1-2 black holes. Accepted to MNRAS
Modelling of physical systems with a Hopf bifurcation using mechanistic models and machine learning
Creators: name: Lee, K. H.
name: Barton, D. A. W.
name: Renson, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new hybrid modelling approach that combines a mechanistic model with a machine-learnt model to predict the limit cycle oscillations of physical systems with a Hopf bifurcation. The mechanistic model is an ordinary differential equation normal-form model capturing the bifurcation structure of the system. A data-driven mapping from this model to the experimental observations is then identified based on experimental data using machine learning techniques. The proposed method is first demonstrated numerically on a Van der Pol oscillator and a three-degree-of-freedom aeroelastic model. It is then applied to model the behaviour of a physical aeroelastic structure exhibiting limit cycle oscillations during wind tunnel tests. The method is shown to be general, data-efficient and to offer good accuracy without any prior knowledge about the system other than its bifurcation structure.
A semantic underspecification-based analysis of scope ambiguities in gapping
Creators: name: Park, Sang-Hee
name: Koenig, Jean-Pierre
name: Chaves, Rui P.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Gapping is known to interact with scopal operators to create an ambiguity between so-called wide- and distributive-scope readings (Siegel, 1984). In this paper, we offer an analysis of these readings which combines an underspecified treatment of scope and a general theory of coordination. Utilizing the technique of semantic underspecification (Richter and Sailer, 2004), we develop a new coordination rule that captures an asymmetry in the semantic contributions between initial and non-initial conjuncts observed independently of Gapping. This semantic asymmetry in coordination as well as well-justified assumptions about tense and scopal operators (Condoravdi, 2002; Champollion, 2015) correctly predict the various readings of conjoined sentences with or without Gapping.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Uncertainty study for the Galactic calibration of radio antenna arrays in astroparticle physics
Creators: name: Büsken, Max
name: Fodran, Tomáš
name: Huege, Tim
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2023

description: In recent years, arrays of radio antennas operating in the MHz regime have shown great potential as detectors in astroparticle physics. In particular, they fulfill an important role in the indirect detection of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. For a proper determination of the energy scale of the primary particles, accurate absolute calibration of radio detectors is crucial. Galactic calibration – i.e., using the Galaxy-dominated radio sky as a reference source – will potentially be the standard method for this task. However, uncertainties in the strength of the Galactic radio emission lead to uncertainties in the absolute calibration of the radio detectors and, thus, in the energy scale of the cosmic-ray measurements. To quantify these uncertainties, we present a study comparing seven sky models in the radio-frequency range of 30 to 408 MHz. By conversion to the locally visible sky, we estimate the uncertainties for the cases of the radio antenna arrays of GRAND, IceCube, LOFAR, OVRO-LWA, the Pierre Auger Observatory, RNO-G and SKA-low. Finally, we discuss the applicability of the Galactic calibration, for example, regarding the influence of the quiet Sun.
Distributivity over pairs of events and entities
Creators: name: Panaitescu, Mara
name: Tovena, Lucia M.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper aims to offer a formal semantic account of distributivity as introduced by prepositions per in Italian and de in Romanian. These prepositions occur in the configuration [Card N1 Prep N2] (where Card conveys cardinality and N2 is obligatorily a sortal noun), and are specialised in introducing a type of distributive configuration called ratio hereafter. It is shown that the per/de configuration shares properties with phenomena analysed in two separate lines of investigation in the literature, one concerned mainly with nominal distributivity, and the other with relations between events. Like nominal distributive markers, per/de signals an obligatorily distributive interpretation of the DP it is a part of. Like ‘every time’ sentences, the per/de construction involves a distributive relation between key events and share events. It is proposed that per/de introduces distributivity by the selection and matching of a share nominal and an overt or covert key event. Distributivity is formalised via a matching function that resorts to a (possibly overt) universal quantifiers over event-entity pairs.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
(Non-)exhaustivity in embedded questions: Contextual, lexical and structural factors
Creators: name: Moyer, Morgan
name: Syrett, Kristen
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Wh-questions often allow for either a Mention-Some (MS) or a Mention-All (MA) answer/interpretation, but what licenses MS answers remains unclear. In this paper, we systematically investigate a set of linguistic (wh-word, matrix verb, modality/non-finiteness) and discourse/contextual (questioner goals) factors that give rise to MS reading. We present evidence from two experiments showing that MS readings of embedded questions are not only available across various forms of embedded question, but also in environments that have been claimed not to license MS readings: specifically, finite clause embedded who-questions (e.g., Mary knows who came to the party). Moreover, acceptability of both MS and MA is influenced by contextual information. These results thus call into question a strictly semantic approach towards the resolution and interpretation of wh-questions, and an approach that claims obligatory licensing of MS by modals, and at the same time, provide empirical support for theories that incorporate the role of a speaker’s context-dependent discourse goals.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Embedded Epistemic Modals Pragmatically
Creators: name: Močnik, Maša
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In Slovenian there is an attitude verb, dopuščati (‘allow for the possibility’), which is like an existential dual of believe. My goal is to explain why it cannot embed epistemic modalities with universal force, like must or cannot. I will say that it is because of a competition and equivalence with the corresponding belief sentence. I will revise the contribution of epistemic modals and use blind scalar implicatures to achieve this.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
A First Application of Collaborative Learning In Particle Physics
Creators: name: Vergani, Stefano
name: Bagoly, Attila
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Over the last ten years, the popularity of Machine Learning (ML) has grown exponentially in all scientific fields, including particle physics. The industry has also developed new powerful tools that, imported into academia, could revolutionise research. One recent industry development that has not yet come to the attention of the particle physics community is Collaborative Learning (CL), a framework that allows training the same ML model with different datasets. This work explores the potential of CL, testing the library Colearn with neutrino physics simulation. Colearn, developed by the British Cambridge-based firm Fetch.AI, enables decentralised machine learning tasks. Being a blockchain-mediated CL system, it allows multiple stakeholders to build a shared ML model without needing to rely on a central authority. A generic Liquid Argon Time-Projection Chamber (LArTPC) has been simulated and images produced by fictitious neutrino interactions have been used to produce several datasets. These datasets, called learners, participated successfully in training a Deep Learning (DL) Keras model using blockchain technologies in a decentralised way. This test explores the feasibility of training a single ML model using different simulation datasets coming from different research groups. In this work, we also discuss a framework that instead makes different ML models compete against each other on the same dataset. The final goal is then to train the most performant ML model across the entire scientific community for a given experiment, either using all of the datasets available or selecting the model which performs best among every model developed in the community.
description: Accepted for ACAT 2021 conference proceedings
Gauging quantum states with non-anomalous matrix product operator symmetries
Creators: name: Rubio, José Garre
name: Kull, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauging a global symmetry of a system amounts to introducing new degrees of freedom whose transformation rule makes the overall system observe a local symmetry. In quantum systems there can be obstructions to gauging a global symmetry. When this happens the symmetry is dubbed anomalous. Such obstructions are related to the fact that the global symmetry cannot be written as a tensor product of local operators. In this manuscript we study non-local symmetries that have an additional structure: they take the form of a matrix product operator (MPO). We exploit the tensor network structure of the MPOs to construct local operators from them satisfying the same group relations, that is, we are able to localize even anomalous MPOs. For non-anomalous MPOs, we use these local operators to explicitly gauge the MPO symmetry of a one-dimensional quantum state obtaining non-trivial gauged states. We show that our gauging procedure satisfies all the desired properties as the standard on-site case does. We also show how this procedure is naturally represented in matrix product states protected by MPO symmetries. In the case of anomalous MPOs, we shed light on the obstructions to gauging these symmetries.
description: 13 pages, 1 figure v2: minor typos corrected, projection to ungauge added and section with examples added
Biquadratic Nontwist Map: a model for shearless bifurcations
Creators: name: Grime, G. C.
name: Roberto, M.
name: Viana, R. L.
name: Elskens, Y.
name: Caldas, I. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Area-preserving nontwist maps are used to describe a broad range of physical systems. In those systems, the violation of the twist condition leads to nontwist characteristic phenomena, such as reconnection-collision sequences and shearless invariant curves that act as transport barriers in the phase space. Although reported in numerical investigations, the shearless bifurcation, i.e., the emergence scenario of multiple shearless curves, is not well understood. In this work, we derive an area-preserving map as a local approximation of a particle transport model for confined plasmas. Multiple shearless curves are found in this area-preserving map, with the same shearless bifurcation scenario numerically observed in the original model. Due to its symmetry properties and simple functional form, this map is proposed as a model to study shearless bifurcations.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures
Agrarholz im Rahmen des Greenings: Eine ökonomische Analyse
Creators: name: Beer, Lara
name: Wüstemann, Friedrich
name: Rosien, Alina
name: Theuvsen, Ludwig
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2018

description: In Deutschland haben Betriebe die Möglichkeit, die Greening-Anforderungen der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik der EU u.a. durch den Anbau von Agrarholz als Ökologische Vorrangfläche (ÖVF) zu erfüllen. Obwohl Agrarholz – in der Gemeinsamen Agrarpolitik als Niederwald im Kurzumtrieb bezeichnet – die einzige ÖVF-Variante darstellt, mit der sich Erlöse erzielen lassen, belegen die offiziellen Zahlen zu den Anbauumfängen eine große Zurückhaltung bei der Ausweisung der ÖVF mit Agrarholz; derzeit sind lediglich 0,2 % aller ÖVF Agrarholz. Verschiedene ökonomische Analysen beschäftigen sich mit dem Anbau von Agrarholz, allerdings fehlen bislang Studien zur ökonomischen Bewertung von Agrarholz als Greening-Maßnahme. Um diese Forschungslücke zu schließen, ist es das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrages, Agrarholz als ÖVF mittels einzelbetrieblicher Berechnungen ökonomisch zu analysieren. Dazu wird am Beispiel dreier typischer Betriebe eine Bewertung von Agrarholz im Vergleich zur jeweiligen ortsüblichen ÖVF-Variante vorgenommen. Ergänzend wird die Auswirkung einer Erhöhung des Gewichtungsfaktors auf die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Agrarholz als ÖVF untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Agrarholz als ÖVF vor allem vom Standort sowie der Rentabilität der annuellen Kulturen abhängig ist. Auf weniger guten Standorten kann sich der Agrarholzanbau bereits jetzt als ökonomisch sinnvollste Variante zur Erfüllung der Greening-Auflagen erweisen. Bei einer Erhöhung des Gewichtungsfaktors könnten darüber hinaus auch die besseren Standorte für die Ausweisung der ÖVF mit Agrarholz ökonomisch interessant werden.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
The DFLU flux for systems of conservation laws
Creators: name: Adimurthi, Adi
name: Gowda, G. D. Veerappa
name: Jaffré, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The DFLU numerical flux was introduced in order to solve hyperbolic scalar conservation laws with a flux function discontinuous in space. We show how this flux can be used to solve certain class of systems of conservation laws such as systems modeling polymer flooding in oil reservoir engineering. Furthermore, these results are extended to the case where the flux function is discontinuous in the space variable. Such a situation arises for example while dealing with oil reservoirs which are heterogeneous. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the efficiency of this new scheme compared to other standard schemes like upstream mobility, Lax-Friedrichs and Force schemes.
description: This paper is published in the Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics 247 (2013) 102-123. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0908.0320
Möglichkeiten zur Bildung von verwertungsorientierten Preisindikatoren für Futtererbsen und Ackerbohnen im Vergleich zur veröffentlichten Marktpreisberichterstattung.
Creators: name: Kezeya Sepngang, Bruno
Publisher: name: Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft
Year: 2018

description: Die ökonomische Unterbewertung von Leguminosen aufgrund der Nichtberücksichtigung von gesellschaftlich relevanten Öko-Systemleistungen ist bekannt. Weniger untersucht ist die marktpreisbedingte Unterbewertung von Leguminosen in den bisher öffentlich zugänglichen Preisinformationssystemen. Die Hauptmotivation für diese Arbeit ist die Identifikation von Preisindikatoren, um die Preisfindung von Leguminosen stärker an den Wertschöpfungsmöglichkeiten zu orientieren. Dafür wurden drei Ansätze erarbeitet. Der erste Ansatz beruhte auf einer multiplen Regressionsanalyse mit den bisher beobachteten Preisen. Damit können auch in zeitlichen Berichtslücken Preise für derzeitige Marktstrukturen abgeschätzt werden. Der zweite Ansatz beruhte auf der Ermittlung des Futterwertes der Leguminosen in der Schweinemast durch die Austauschmethode nach Löhr. Der dritte Ansatz besteht in der Ableitung eines Preisindikators aus den Außenhandelsdaten der Leguminosen als Wert je Einheit (engl. unit value). Im Ergebnis zeigt sich, dass der höchste Wert der Leguminosen im Außenhandel erzielt wird, gefolgt vom Futterwert in der Schweinemast. Die Analysen machen deutlich, dass die bisherige Marktpreisberichterstattung Körnerleguminosen dauerhaft und systematisch unterbewertet. Erklärt werden kann dies unter anderem mit bestehenden Informationsasymmetrien und damit ungleich starken Verhandlungspositionen zwischen Handel und Erzeugung. Die gleichzeitige Nutzung der drei Indikatoren würde der Ermittlung einer stärker an der Verwertung orientierten Preisfindung der Leguminosen dienen. Die berechneten Preisindikatoren würden damit ein Preisband darstellen, innerhalb dessen qualitäts-, orts- und zeitabhängig konkrete Preisverhandlungen zwischen zwei Marktakteuren stattfinden können. Durch im Mittel zu erwartende höhere Preise könnte der Anbau von Leguminosen attraktiver werden. Zudem könnten lediglich auf Marktmechanismen beruhend mehr Öko-Systemleistungen einzelbetrieblich und gesellschaftlich bereitgestellt werden.
description: Berichte über Landwirtschaft - Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft, Band 96, Heft 3, Dezember 2018
Multiple accent in alternative questions
Creators: name: Meertens, Erlinde
name: Egger, Sophie
name: Romero, Maribel
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Alternative Questions (AltQs) are typically characterized by two prosodic cues: a final falling boundary tone and a pitch accent on each disjunct. Recent accounts in the literature have taken the final fall as the central surface cue for AltQ interpretation or have assigned a vacuous semantic contribution to the multiple accent on the disjuncts. Based on data from English and Turkish, we argue that both cues are equally important and require modelling in a unified account of AltQs. Combining ingredients from the literature (Roberts, 1996; Biezma, 2009; Westera, 2017), we propose that, essentially, the multiple accent shapes the Question under Discussion (QUD) and that the final fall, or the lack thereof, indicates restrictions on the content of the QUD via (un)satisfaction of Attention Maxims.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
The lambda extensions of the Ising correlation functions C(M, N)
Creators: name: Boukraa, S.
name: Maillard, J-M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 34M55, 47E05, 81Qxx, 32G34, 34Lxx, 34Mxx, 14Kxx

description: We revisit, with a pedagogical heuristic motivation, the lambda extension of the low-temperature row correlation functions C(M,N) of the two-dimensional Ising model. In particular, using these one-parameter series to understand the deformation theory around selected values of $λ$, namely $λ= \cos(π\, m/n)$ with m and n integers, we show that these series yield perturbation coefficients, generalizing form factors, that are D-finite functions. As a by-product these exact results provide an infinite number of highly non-trivial identities on the complete elliptic integrals of the first and second kind. These results underline the fundamental role of Jacobi theta functions and Jacobi forms, the previous D-finite functions being (relatively simple) rational functions of Jacobi theta functions, when rewritten in terms of the nome of elliptic functions.
description: 35 pages
The case of restricted locatives
Creators: name: Matushansky, Ora
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper examines the cross-linguistic phenomenon of locative case restricted to a closed class of items (L-nouns). Starting with Latin, I suggest that the restriction is semantic in nature: L-nouns denote in the spatial domain and hence can be used as locatives without further material. I show how the independently motivated hypothesis that directional PPs consist of two layers, Path and Place, explains the directional uses of L-nouns and the cases that are assigned then, and locate the source of the locative case itself in p0, for which I then provide a clear semantic contribution: a type-shift from the domain of loci to the object domain. I then examine cross-linguistic restrictions on the use of locative case and show that the patterns observed can be accounted for on the same assumptions.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 23 No 2 (2019): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 23
Generators and relations of the graded algebra of modular forms
Creators: name: Rustom, Nadim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We give bounds on the degree of generators for the ideal of relations of the graded algebras of modular forms with coefficients in $\mathbb{Q}$ over congruence subgroups $Γ_0(N)$ for $N$ satisfying some congruence conditions and for $Γ_1(N)$. We give similar bounds for the graded $\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{N}]$-algebra of modular forms on $Γ_1(N)$ with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}[\frac{1}{N}]$. For a prime $p \geq 5$, we give a lower bound on the highest weight appearing in a minimal list of generators for $Γ_0(p)$, and we identify a set of generators for the graded algebra $M(Γ_0(p),\mathbb{Z})$ of modular forms over $Γ_0(p)$ with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}$, showing that this weight is unbounded. We generalize a result of Serre concerning congruences between modular forms over $Γ_0(p)$ and $SL_2(\mathbb{Z})$, and use it to identify a set of generators for $M(Γ_0(p),\mathbb{Z})$, and we state two conjectures detailing further the structure of this algebra. Finally we provide computations concerning the number of generators and relations for each of these algebras, as well as computational evidence for these conjectures.
High-resolution air shower observations with the Square Kilometer Array
Creators: name: Buitink, Stijn
name: Bray, Justin D.
name: Corstanje, Arthur
name: Desmet, Mitja
name: Falcke, Heino
name: Gayley, Ken
name: Hare, Brian M.
name: Hoerandel, Joerg
name: Huege, Tim
name: James, Clancy
name: Jhansi, Bhavani
name: Karastathis, Nikos
name: Krampah, Godwin
name: Mitra, Pragati
name: Mulrey, Katharine
name: Neijzen, Boris
name: Nelles, Anna
name: Pandya, Hershal
name: Scholten, Olaf
name: Schroeder, Frank
name: Spencer, Ralph
name: Terveer, Karen
name: Thoudam, Satyendra
name: Trinh, Gia
name: Ter Veen, Sander
name: Waterson, Mark
Publisher: name: Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA)
Year: 2023

description: The low-frequency part of the Square Kilometer Array will have an extremely high antenna density of roughly 60.000 antennas within one square kilometer, offering exciting new possibilities for high-resolution studies of air showers. Observing with a frequency band of 50-350 MHz, the SKA will cover the energy range between the knee and the ankle, employing beam forming techniques to reach the lower energies. Using standard techniques, the SKA will reach a resolution on 𝑋max of 10 g/cm2. In addition, the high antenna density allows for the development of new techniques to reconstruct the longitudinal shower development, that can be used to test hadronic interaction models and put additional constraints on the mass composition in the Galactic-extragalactic transition energy range. In this contribution, we review the science case for SKA cosmic-ray detection and the status of the prototype scintillator triggering array.
Neutral interstellar He parameters in front of the heliosphere 1994--2007
Creators: name: Bzowski, M.
name: Kubiak, M. A.
name: Hlond, M.
name: Sokol, J. M.
name: Banaszkiewicz, M.
name: Witte, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Analysis of IBEX measurements of neutral interstellar He flux brought the inflow velocity vector different from the results of earlier analysis of observations from GAS/Ulysses. Recapitulation of results on the helium inflow direction from the past ~40 years suggested that the inflow direction may be changing with time. We reanalyze the old Ulysses data and reprocess them to increase the accuracy of the instrument pointing to investigate if the GAS observations support the hypothesis that the interstellar helium inflow direction is changing. We employ a similar analysis method as in the analysis of the IBEX data. We seek a parameter set that minimizes reduced chi-squared, using the Warsaw Test Particle Model for the interstellar He flux at Ulysses with a state of the art model of neutral He ionization in the heliosphere, and precisely reproducing the observation conditions. We also propose a supplementary method of constraining the parameters based on cross-correlations of parameters obtained from analysis of carefully selected subsets of data. We find that the ecliptic longitude and speed of interstellar He are in a very good agreement with the values reported in the original GAS analysis. We find, however, that the temperature is markedly higher. The 3-seasons optimum parameter set is lambda = 255.3, beta = 6, v = 26.0 km/s, T = 7500 K. We find no evidence that it is varying with time, but the uncertainty range is larger than originally reported. The originally-derived parameters of interstellar He from GAS are in good agreement with presently derived, except for the temperature, which seems to be appreciably higher, in good agreement with interstellar absorption line results. While the results of the present analysis are in marginal agreement with the earlier reported results from IBEX, the most likely values from the two analyses differ for reasons that are still not understood.
description: submitted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics
Multi-probe analysis of the galaxy cluster CL J1226.9+3332: Hydrostatic mass and hydrostatic-to-lensing bias
Creators: name: Muñoz-Echeverría, M.
name: Macías-Pérez, J. F.
name: Pratt, G. W.
name: Adam, R.
name: Ade, P.
name: Ajeddig, H.
name: André, P.
name: Arnaud, M.
name: Artis, E.
name: Aussel, H.
name: Bartalucci, I.
name: Beelen, A.
name: Benoît, A.
name: Berta, S.
name: Bing, L.
name: Bourrion, O.
name: Calvo, M.
name: Catalano, A.
name: De Petris, M.
name: Désert, F. -X.
name: Doyle, S.
name: Driessen, E. F. C.
name: Ferragamo, A.
name: Gomez, A.
name: Goupy, J.
name: Hanser, C.
name: Kéruzoré, F.
name: Kramer, C.
name: Ladjelate, B.
name: Lagache, G.
name: Leclercq, S.
name: Lestrade, J. -F.
name: Maury, A.
name: Mauskopf, P.
name: Mayet, F.
name: Melin, J. -B.
name: Monfardini, A.
name: Paliwal, A.
name: Perotto, L.
name: Pisano, G.
name: Pointecouteau, E.
name: Ponthieu, N.
name: Revéret, V.
name: Rigby, A. J.
name: Ritacco, A.
name: Romero, C.
name: Roussel, H.
name: Ruppin, F.
name: Schuster, K.
name: Shu, S.
name: Sievers, A.
name: Tucker, C.
name: Yepes, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The precise estimation of the mass of galaxy clusters is a major issue for cosmology. Large galaxy cluster surveys rely on scaling laws that relate cluster observables to their masses. From the high resolution observations of ~ 45 galaxy clusters with NIKA2 and XMM-Newton instruments, the NIKA2 SZ Large Program should provide an accurate scaling relation between the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and the hydrostatic mass. In this paper, we present an exhaustive analysis of the hydrostatic mass of the well known galaxy cluster CL J1226.9+3332, the highest-redshift cluster in the NIKA2 SZ Large Program at z = 0.89. We combine the NIKA2 observations with thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich data from NIKA, Bolocam and MUSTANG instruments and XMM-Newton X-ray observations and test the impact of the systematic effects on the mass reconstruction. We conclude that slight differences in the shape of the mass profile can be crucial when defining the integrated mass at R500, which demonstrates the importance of the modeling in the mass determination. We prove the robustness of our hydrostatic mass estimates by showing the agreement with all the results found in the literature. Another key information for cosmology is the bias of the masses estimated assuming hydrostatic equilibrium hypothesis. Based on the lensing convergence maps from the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) data, we obtain the lensing mass estimate for CL J1226.9+3332. From this we are able to measure the hydrostatic-to-lensing mass bias for this cluster, that spans from 1 - bHSE/lens ~ 0.7 to 1, presenting the impact of data-sets and mass reconstruction models on the bias.