cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tidal dissipation in rotating low-mass stars and implications for the orbital evolution of close-in planets I. From the PMS to the RGB at solar metallicity
Creators: name: Gallet, Florian
name: Bolmont, Emeline
name: Mathis, Stéphane
name: Charbonnel, Corinne
name: Amard, Louis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Star-planet interactions must be taken into account in stellar models to understand the dynamical evolution of close-in planets. The dependence of the tidal interactions on the structural and rotational evolution of the star is of peculiar importance and should be correctly treated. We quantify how tidal dissipation in the convective envelope of rotating low-mass stars evolves from the pre-main sequence up to the red-giant branch depending on the initial stellar mass. We investigate the consequences of this evolution on planetary orbital evolution. We couple the tidal dissipation formalism described in Mathis (2015) to the stellar evolution code STAREVOL and apply it to rotating stars with masses between 0.3 and 1.4 M$_\odot$. In addition, we generalize the work of Bolmont & Mathis (2016) by following the orbital evolution of close-in planets using the new tidal dissipation predictions for advanced phases of stellar evolution. On the PMS the evolution of tidal dissipation is controlled by the evolution of the internal structure of the contracting star. On the MS it is strongly driven by the variation of surface rotation that is impacted by magnetized stellar winds braking. The main effect of taking into account the rotational evolution of the stars is to lower the tidal dissipation strength by about four orders of magnitude on the main-sequence, compared to a normalized dissipation rate that only takes into account structural changes. The evolution of the dissipation strongly depends on the evolution of the internal structure and rotation of the star. From the pre-main sequence up to the tip of the red-giant branch, it varies by several orders of magnitude, with strong consequences for the orbital evolution of close-in massive planets. These effects are the strongest during the pre-main sequence, implying that the planets are mainly sensitive to the star's early history.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Force Feedback Control For Dexterous Robotic Hands Using Conditional Postural Synergies
Creators: name: Dimou, Dimitrios
name: Santos-Victor, Jose
name: Moreno, Plinio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a force feedback controller for a dexterous robotic hand equipped with force sensors on its fingertips. Our controller uses the conditional postural synergies framework to generate the grasp postures, i.e. the finger configuration of the robot, at each time step based on forces measured on the robot's fingertips. Using this framework we are able to control the hand during different grasp types using only one variable, the grasp size, which we define as the distance between the tip of the thumb and the index finger. Instead of controlling the finger limbs independently, our controller generates control signals for all the hand joints in a (low-dimensional) shared space (i.e. synergy space). In addition, our approach is modular, which allows to execute various types of precision grips, by changing the synergy space according to the type of grasp. We show that our controller is able to lift objects of various weights and materials, adjust the grasp configuration during changes in the object's weight, and perform object placements and object handovers.
Euclidean supersymmetric solutions with the self-dual Weyl tensor
Creators: name: Nozawa, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the Euclidean supersymmetric solutions admitting the self-dual gauge field in the framework of ${\cal N}=2$ minimal gauged supergravity in four dimensions. According to the classification scheme utilizing the spinorial geometry or the bilinears of Killing spinors, the general solution preserves one quarter of supersymmetry and is described by the Przanowski-Tod class with the self-dual Weyl tensor. We demonstrate that there exists an additional Killing spinor, provided the Przanowski-Tod metric admits a Killing vector that commutes with the principal one. The proof proceeds by recasting the metric into another Przanowski-Tod form. This formalism enables us to show that the self-dual Reissner-Nordström-Taub-NUT-AdS metric possesses a second Killing spinor, which has been missed over many years. We also address the supersymmetry when the Przanowski-Tod space is conformal to each of the self-dual ambi-toric Kähler metrics. It turns out that three classes of solutions are all reduced to the self-dual Carter family, by virtue of the nondegenerate Killing-Yano tensor.
description: v2: 10 pages, refs. added, typos corrected, version to appear in PLB
Orderness Predicts Academic Performance: Behavioral Analysis on Campus Lifestyle
Creators: name: Cao, Yi
name: Gao, Jian
name: Lian, Defu
name: Rong, Zhihai
name: Shi, Jiatu
name: Wang, Qing
name: Wu, Yifan
name: Yao, Huaxiu
name: Zhou, Tao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantitative understanding of relationships between students' behavioral patterns and academic performances is a significant step towards personalized education. In contrast to previous studies that mainly based on questionnaire surveys, in this paper, we collect behavioral records from 18,960 undergraduate students' smart cards and propose a novel metric, called orderness, which measures the regularity of campus daily life (e.g., meals and showers) of each student. Empirical analysis demonstrates that academic performance (GPA) is strongly correlated with orderness. Furthermore, we show that orderness is an important feature to predict academic performance, which remarkably improves the prediction accuracy even at the presence of students' diligence. Based on these analyses, education administrators could better guide students' campus lives and implement effective interventions in an early stage when necessary.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures and 2 table, Appendix included
Molecular characterization of wild Pleurotus ostreatus (MW457626) and evaluation of $β$-glucans polysaccharide activities
Creators: name: Hasan, Ghazwan Qasim
name: Abdulhadi, Shimal Younis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Genomics (q-bio.GN)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Pleurotus ostreatus is a common cultivated edible mushroom worldwide. The fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus is a rich source of a $β$-glucans polysaccharide. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of $β$-glucans as a natural polysaccharide produced by P. ostreatus as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer. The molecular identification of P. ostreatus isolate was confirmed by Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence. The sequence alignment and phylogenetic evolutionary relationship of studied ITS sequence were performed against some deposited sequences in GenBank. The analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as well as the result of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has confirmed the presence of $β$-glucans polysaccharide in the tested samples. The percentage of antioxidant activity of $β$-glucans showed a gradual increase from 8.59% to 12.36, 18.56, 23.69, 44.66 and 80.36% at the concentrations of 31.2, 64.4, 125, 250, 500, and 800 $μ$g/ml, respectively. In addition, all concentrations of $β$-glucans showed higher antioxidant activities when compared with standard antioxidant (Vitamin C). The highest antimicrobial activity of $β$-glucans polysaccharide was against P. aeruginosa with a zone of inhibition (45 mm), while the lowest activity was against S. aureus (13 mm) both at 100 mg/mL. The percentage of growth-inhibiting of MCF-7 a humanbreast cancer cell line and normal WRL-68 cell line affected by $β$-glucans were determined by 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiazol (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT assay).
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, 4 tables
A high yield method for protoplast isolation and ease detection of rol B and C genes in the hairy roots of cauliflflower (Brassica oleracea L.) inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes
Creators: name: Al-Nema, Qutaiba Shuaib
name: Hasan, Ghazwan Qasim
name: Alhamd, Omar Abdulazeez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Subcellular Processes (q-bio.SC)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Protoplasts represent a unique experimental system for the circulation and formation of genetically modified plants. Here, protoplasts were isolated from genetically modified hairy root tissues of Brassica oleracea L. induced by the Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain (ATCC13332). The concentration of enzyme solutions utilized for protoplast isolation was 1.5 % Cellulase YC and 0.1 % Pectolyase Y23 in 13% mannitol solution, which resulted in high efficiency of isolation within 8 hours, in which the protoplast yield was 2 x 104 cells ml-1 and the percentage of viability was 72%. Each protoplast has one nucleus with a nucleation of 48%. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay verified the presence of rol B and rol C genes in hairy root tissues by detaching a single bundle of DNA replication from these roots using a specific pair of primers. The current study demonstrated that A. rhizogenes strain (ATCC13332) is a vector for the incorporation of T-DNA genes into cauliflower plants, as well as the success of the hairy roots retention of rol B and rol C genes transferred to it.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, 5 tables
Au13(8e): A Secondary Block for Describing a Special Group of Liganded Gold Clusters Containing Icosahedral Au13 Motifs
Creators: name: Xu, Wen Wu
name: Zeng, Xiao Cheng
name: Gao, Yi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A grand unified model (GUM) has been proposed recently to understand structure anatomy and evolution of liganded gold clusters. In this work, besidesthe two types of elementary blocks (triangular Au3(2e) and tetrahedral Au4(2e)), we introduce a secondary block, namely, the icosahedral Au13 with 8e valence electrons, noted as Au13(8e). Using this secondary block, structural anatomy and evolution of a special group of liganded gold nanoclusters containing icosahedral Au13 motifs can be conveniently analyzed. In addition, a new ligand-protected cluster Au49(PR3)10(SR)15Cl2 is predicted to exhibit high chemical and thermal stability, suggesting likelihood of its synthesis in the laboratory.
Observing binary black hole ringdowns by advanced gravitational wave detectors
Creators: name: Maselli, Andrea
name: Kokkotas, Kostas
name: Laguna, Pablo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The direct discovery of gravitational waves from compact binary systems leads for the first time to explore the possibility of black hole spectroscopy. Newly formed black holes produced by coalescing events are copious emitters of gravitational radiation, in the form of damped sinusoids, the quasi normal modes. The latter provide a precious source of information on the nature of gravity in the strong field regime, as they represent a powerful tool to investigate the validity of the no-hair theorem. In this work we perform a systematic study on the accuracy with which current and future interferometers will measure the fundamental parameters of ringdown events, such as frequencies and damping times. We analyze how these errors affect the estimate of the mass and the angular momentum of the final black hole, constraining the parameter space which will lead to the most precise measurements. We explore both single and multimode events, showing how the uncertainties evolve when multiple detectors are available. We also prove that, for second generation of interferometers, a network of instruments is a crucial and necessary ingredient to perform strong-gravity tests of the no-hair theorem. Finally, we analyze the constraints that a third generation of detectors may be able to set on the mode's parameters, comparing the projected bounds against those obtained for current facilities.
description: Third generation of detectors included in the analysis and Improved discussion of the results. Accepted for publication on PRD
Strong Invariants Are Hard: On the Hardness of Strongest Polynomial Invariants for (Probabilistic) Programs
Creators: name: Müllner, Julian
name: Moosbrugger, Marcel
name: Kovács, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We show that computing the strongest polynomial invariant for single-path loops with polynomial assignments is at least as hard as the Skolem problem, a famous problem whose decidability has been open for almost a century. While the strongest polynomial invariants are computable for affine loops, for polynomial loops the problem remained wide open. As an intermediate result of independent interest, we prove that reachability for discrete polynomial dynamical systems is Skolem-hard as well. Furthermore, we generalize the notion of invariant ideals and introduce moment invariant ideals for probabilistic programs. With this tool, we further show that the strongest polynomial moment invariant is (i) uncomputable, for probabilistic loops with branching statements, and (ii) Skolem-hard to compute for polynomial probabilistic loops without branching statements. Finally, we identify a class of probabilistic loops for which the strongest polynomial moment invariant is computable and provide an algorithm for it.
description: Published at POPL 2024
A Grounded Conceptual Model for Ownership Types in Rust
Creators: name: Crichton, Will
name: Gray, Gavin
name: Krishnamurthi, Shriram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Programmers learning Rust struggle to understand ownership types, Rust's core mechanism for ensuring memory safety without garbage collection. This paper describes our attempt to systematically design a pedagogy for ownership types. First, we studied Rust developers' misconceptions of ownership to create the Ownership Inventory, a new instrument for measuring a person's knowledge of ownership. We found that Rust learners could not connect Rust's static and dynamic semantics, such as determining why an ill-typed program would (or would not) exhibit undefined behavior. Second, we created a conceptual model of Rust's semantics that explains borrow checking in terms of flow-sensitive permissions on paths into memory. Third, we implemented a Rust compiler plugin that visualizes programs under the model. Fourth, we integrated the permissions model and visualizations into a broader pedagogy of ownership by writing a new ownership chapter for The Rust Programming Language, a popular Rust textbook. Fifth, we evaluated an initial deployment of our pedagogy against the original version, using reader responses to the Ownership Inventory as a point of comparison. Thus far, the new pedagogy has improved learner scores on the Ownership Inventory by an average of 9% ($N = 342, d = 0.56$).
description: Published at OOPSLA 2023
Upper estimates of Christoffel function on convex domains
Creators: name: Prymak, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42C05, 41A17, 41A63, 26D05, 42B99

description: New upper bounds on the pointwise behaviour of Christoffel function on convex domains in ${\mathbb{R}}^d$ are obtained. These estimates are established by explicitly constructing the corresponding "needle"-like algebraic polynomials having small integral norm on the domain, and are stated in terms of few easy-to-measure geometric characteristics of the location of the point of interest in the domain. Sharpness of the results is shown and examples of applications are given.
State SNAP Policies Unlikely to Close Participation Gap Between Seniors and Non-Seniors, Study Shows
Creators: name: Jones, Jordan
name: Jones, Jordan
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Consumer/Household Economics
Financial Economics
Food Security and Poverty
Political Economy
Public Economics

description: USDA’s Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides benefits for low-income households to buy groceries. Participation among eligible seniors (age 60 and above) historically has been much lower than participation among other groups. In fiscal year 2019, 48 percent of eligible seniors participated in SNAP, compared with 82 percent of eligible individuals of all ages, according to a recent report by USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service. To better understand the disparity in SNAP participation, researchers at USDA, Economic Research Service (ERS) and several academic institutions examined how differences in State administration of SNAP affect senior participation as compared to non-senior participation.
Tidal dissipation in rotating low-mass stars and implications for the orbital evolution of close-in massive planets. II. Effect of stellar metallicity
Creators: name: Bolmont, Emeline
name: Gallet, Florian
name: Mathis, Stéphane
name: Charbonnel, Corinne
name: Amard, Louis
name: Alibert, Yann
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Observations of hot Jupiter type exoplanets suggest that their orbital period distribution depends on the metallicity of their host star. We investigate here whether the impact of the stellar metallicity on the evolution of the tidal dissipation inside the convective envelope of rotating stars and its resulting effect on the planetary migration might be a possible explanation for this observed statistical trend. We use a frequency-averaged tidal dissipation formalism coupled to an orbital evolution code and to rotating stellar evolution models to estimate the effect of a change of stellar metallicity on the evolution of close-in planets. We consider here two different stellar masses: 0.4 and 1.0 $M_{\odot}$ evolving from the early pre-main sequence phase up to the red giant branch. We show that the metallicity of a star has a strong effect on the stellar parameters which in turn strongly influence the tidal dissipation in the convective region. While on the pre-main sequence the dissipation of a metal poor Sun-like star is higher than the dissipation of a metal rich Sun-like star, on the main sequence it is the opposite. However, for the $0.4~M_{\odot}$ star, the dependence of the dissipation with metallicity is much less visible. Using an orbital evolution model, we show that changing the metallicity leads to different orbital evolutions (e.g., planets migrate farther out from an initially fast rotating metal rich star). By using this model, we qualitatively reproduced the observational trends of the population of hot Jupiters with the metallicity of their host stars. However, more steps are needed to improve our model to try to quantitatively fit our results to the observations. Namely, we need to improve the treatment of the rotation evolution in the orbital evolution model and ultimately we need to consistently couple of the orbital model to the stellar evolution model.
description: accepted in A&A
title: The impact of agri-environment schemes on pollination services in England
Creators: name: Image, Michael
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: Agri-environment schemes fund landholders to manage land to achieve environmental objectives and other public goods. Previous research has shown that individual scheme interventions can boost wild pollinator populations locally. However, the effect of an entire scheme at a national scale has never previously been assessed. The location of every intervention implemented in England during 2016 was mapped and schemes’ predicted impact on bee abundance and pollination services was modelled using a validated, processbased spatial model (poll4pop), which simulates foraging and population dynamics. The study considered four wild bee guilds (incorporating bumblebees and solitary bees) and their visitation rates to four pollinator-dependent crops (oilseed rape, field beans, orchard fruit and strawberries). The modelling predicted that the scheme significantly increased ground-nesting (but not tree/cavitynesting) bee populations nationally. There were no significant increases in crop visitation at national scale, but some locally significant increases in ground-nesting bumblebee visitation to oilseed rape and field beans were predicted. Linear regression at 10 km scale was used to determine which interventions were driving increased oilseed rape and field bean visitation and found that hedgerow/woodland edge management dominated, due to high resource quality. Floral margins were estimated to provide more limited benefit, due to later resource phenology and low uptake. Fallow also had a strong effect, despite lower relative resource quality, implying effective placement with respect to crops. Finally, the effect of additional tree-planting interventions (hedgerows, agroforestry, and woodland) on bumblebee abundance and crop visitation (oilseed rape, field beans) was studied. This showed that hedgerow planting would deliver the greatest increase in bumblebee abundance, whereas fruit or willow agroforestry would increase crop visitation the most, due to higher co-location. Based on these findings, recommendations are set out for design of future schemes to help deliver greater and more resilient crop pollination services in arable landscapes.
Energy transfer between colloids via critical interactions
Creators: name: Martínez, Ignacio A.
name: Devailly, Clemence
name: Petrosyan, Artyom
name: Ciliberto, Sergio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the observation of a temperature-controlled synchronization of two Brownian-particles in a binary mixture close to the critical point of the demixing transition. The two beads are trapped by two optical tweezers whose distance is periodically modulated. We notice that the motion synchronization of the two beads appears when the critical temperature is approached. In contrast, when the fluid is far from its critical temperature, the displacements of the two beads are uncorrelated. Small changes in temperature can radically change the global dynamics of the system. We show that the synchronisation is induced by the critical Casimir forces. Finally, we present the measure of the energy transfers inside the system produced by the critical interaction.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Study of the proton-proton collisions at 1683 MeV/c
Creators: name: Ermakov, K. N.
name: Nikonov, V. A.
name: Rogachevsky, O. V.
name: Sarantsev, A. V.
name: Sarantsev, V. V.
name: Sherman, S. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The new data on the elastic $pp$ and single pion production reaction $pp\to pn π^{+}$ taken at the incident proton momentum 1683 MeV/c are presented. The data on the $pp\to pn π^{+}$ reaction are compared with predictions from the OPE model. To extract contributions of the leading partial waves the single pion production data are analyzed in the framework of the event-by-event maximum likelihood method together with the data measured earlier. The analysis allows us to obtain the assessment with a better precision the contributions from different initial partial waves.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures. Some corrections are made
Compressive Sensing with Tensorized Autoencoder
Creators: name: Hyder, Rakib
name: Asif, M. Salman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep networks can be trained to map images into a low-dimensional latent space. In many cases, different images in a collection are articulated versions of one another; for example, same object with different lighting, background, or pose. Furthermore, in many cases, parts of images can be corrupted by noise or missing entries. In this paper, our goal is to recover images without access to the ground-truth (clean) images using the articulations as structural prior of the data. Such recovery problems fall under the domain of compressive sensing. We propose to learn autoencoder with tensor ring factorization on the the embedding space to impose structural constraints on the data. In particular, we use a tensor ring structure in the bottleneck layer of the autoencoder that utilizes the soft labels of the structured dataset. We empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for inpainting and denoising applications. The resulting method achieves better reconstruction quality compared to other generative prior-based self-supervised recovery approaches for compressive sensing.
Determination of neutron fracture functions from a global QCD analysis of leading neutron production at HERA
Creators: name: Shoeibi, Samira
name: Khanpour, Hamzeh
name: Taghavi-Shahri, F.
name: Javidan, Kurosh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, we present our global QCD analysis of leading neutron production in deep inelastic scattering at H1 and ZEUS collaborations. The analysis is performed in the framework of a perturbative QCD description for semi-inclusive processes which is based on the fracture functions approach. Modeling the non-perturbative part of the fragmentation process at the input scale Q$_0^2$, we analyze the Q$^2$-dependence of the leading neutron structure functions and obtain the neutron fracture functions (neutron FFs) from next-to-leading order (NLO) global QCD fit to data. We have also performed a careful estimation of the uncertainties using the "Hessian method" for the neutron FFs and corresponding observables originating from experimental errors. The predictions based on the obtained neutron FFs are in good agreement with all data analyzed, at small and large longitudinal momentum fraction $x_L$ as well as the scaled fractional momentum variable $β$.
description: 18 Pages, 8 Figures and 3 Tables, Accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Interacting Electrons in Graphene: Fermi Velocity Renormalization and Optical Response
Creators: name: Stauber, T.
name: Parida, P.
name: Trushin, M.
name: Ulybyshev, M. V.
name: Boyda, D. L.
name: Schliemann, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a Hartree-Fock theory for electrons on a honeycomb lattice aiming to solve a long-standing problem of the Fermi velocity renormalization in graphene. Our model employs no fitting parameters (like an unknown band cutoff) but relies on a topological invariant (crystal structure function) that makes the Hartree-Fock sublattice spinor independent of the electron-electron interaction. Agreement with the experimental data is obtained assuming static self-screening including local field effects. As an application of the model, we derive an explicit expression for the optical conductivity and discuss the renormalization of the Drude weight. The optical conductivity is also obtained via precise quantum Monte Carlo calculations which compares well to our mean-field approach.
description: 19 pages, 11 figures, typos fixed, refs. added
Gralla (hautbois) avec anche. Vue générale de face
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Electrocatalytic amplification of coreactant electrochemiluminescence using redox mediators
Creators: name: Knezevic, Sara
name: Kerr, Emily
name: Valenti, Giovanni
name: Paolucci, Francesco
name: Francis, Paul
name: Hogan, Conor
name: Sojic, Neso
name: Kanoufi, Frederic
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 51
subject: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
classificationCode: 34
subject: Chemical sciences
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
classificationCode: 40
subject: Engineering
classificationCode: 3402
subject: Inorganic chemistry

description: Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has emerged as a sensitive analytical technique with a wide range of applications. While recent studies have begun to explore the role of redox mediators to facilitate ECL systems, this work extends these foundational insights by developing a comprehensive theoretical framework that supports, generalizes, and rationalizes mechanistic pathways borrowed from molecular electrocatalysis. This advancement is demonstrated through the electrocatalytic amplification of coreactant ECL within the [Ru(bpy)3]2+/TPrA system, utilizing a water-soluble redox-active Ir(III) complex as an electrocatalyst. Our investigation unveils previously uncharted mechanisms that enable the enhancement of Ru complex ECL at low electrode potentials, crucially without requiring the direct oxidation of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ or TPrA at the electrode, thus offering a deeper understanding of ECL activation through moelcular electrocatalysis. Through an integrated approach combining electrochemical analysis, spectroscopic investigation, and finite element modeling, we elucidate how the redox mediator critically modulates ECL efficiency by controlling the kinetics of radical species production and decay. The mediation by the Ir(III) complex not only governs the generation of TPrA radicals and excited [Ru(bpy)3]2+ states, thereby enhancing ECL intensity, but also the conditions under which ECL can be quenched. Further exploration of the mediator's redox characteristics provides predictive insights into ECL behavior, underscoring the mediator's redox potential as pivotal in determining ECL onset, peak potential, and intensity. This refined understanding paves the way for tailoring ECL systems for enhanced performance in analytical, imaging, and biomedical applications through the judicious selection of redox mediators.
Analogies from Speech to Music: Processing Costs of Switching Between Timbres in Musicians Without Absolute Pitch
Creators: name: DiSanto, Matthew
Publisher: name: University of Chicago
Year: 2023

description: Prior research has shown analogies between speech and music, and musicians who possess absolute pitch have been studied extensively. To generalize these findings, active musicians who did not possess absolute pitch completed a speeded pitch recognition task in which a target pitch was identified among trials blocked or mixed instrument timbres. Hit rate and reaction time were measured and compared by trial type. It was hypothesized that mixed trials would elicit lower hit rate accuracy and slower response times than blocked trials. There was no significant difference between the mean hit rates or response times for blocked trials vs. mixed trials. Future research should increase the sample size of the study and include non-musicians for greater generalizability of results.
Graph coarse-graining reveals differences in the module-level structure of functional brain networks
Creators: name: Kujala, Rainer
name: Glerean, Enrico
name: Pan, Raj Kumar
name: Jääskeläinen, Iiro P.
name: Sams, Mikko
name: Saramäki, Jari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Network analysis is rapidly becoming a standard tool for studying functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. In this framework, different brain areas are mapped to the nodes of a network, whose links depict functional dependencies between the areas. The sizes of the areas that the nodes portray vary between studies. Recently, it has been recommended that the original volume elements, voxels, of the imaging experiment should be used as the network nodes to avoid artefacts and biases. However, this results in a large numbers of nodes and links, and the sheer amount of detail may obscure important network features that are manifested on larger scales. One fruitful approach to detecting such features is to partition networks into modules, i.e. groups of nodes that are densely connected internally but have few connections between them. However, attempting to understand how functional networks differ by simply comparing their individual modular structures can be a daunting task, and results may be hard to interpret. We show that instead of comparing different partitions, it is beneficial to analyze differences in the connectivity between and within the very same modules in networks obtained under different conditions. We develop a network coarse-graining methodology that provides easily interpretable results and allows assessing the statistical significance of observed differences. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated by analyzing fMRI data recorded from 13 healthy subjects during rest and movie viewing. While independent partitioning of the networks corresponding to the the two conditions yields few insights on their differences, network coarse-graining allows us to pinpoint e.g. the increased number of intra-module links within the visual cortex during movie viewing.
description: Manuscript + Supplementary materials
Recovering Obstacles from their Travelling Times
Creators: name: Gurfinkel, Tal
name: Noakes, Lyle
name: Stoyanov, Luchezar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Noakes and Stoyanov (2021) introduced a method of recovering strictly convex planar obstacles from their set of travelling times. We provide an extension of this construction for obstacles on Riemannian surfaces under some general curvature conditions. It is required that no smooth geodesic intersect more than two obstacles.
Hidden sector explanation of $B$-decay and cosmic ray anomalies
Creators: name: Cline, James M.
name: Cornell, Jonathan M.
name: London, David
name: Watanabe, Ryoutaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There are presently several discrepancies in $b \to s \ell^+ \ell^-$ decays of $B$ mesons suggesting new physics coupling to $b$ quarks and leptons. We show that a $Z'$, with couplings to quarks and muons that can explain the $B$-decay anomalies, can also couple to dark matter in a way that is consistent with its relic abundance, direct detection limits, and hints of indirect detection. The latter include possible excess events in antiproton spectra recently observed by the AMS-02 experiment. We present two models, having a heavy (light) $Z'$ with $m_{Z'}\sim 600\,(12)\,$GeV and fermionic dark matter with mass $m_χ\sim 50\,(2000)\,$GeV, producing excess antiprotons with energies of $\sim 10\, (300)\,$GeV. The first model is also compatible with fits for the galactic center GeV gamma-ray excess.
description: 14 pages, 6 figures; v2: added references and remarks on CMB/BBN constraints; v3: expanded discussion of UV completion and CMB constraints; published version
Phases of dipolar bosons in a bilayer geometry
Creators: name: Cinti, Fabio
name: Wang, Daw-Wei
name: Boninsegni, Massimo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study by first principle computer simulations the low temperature phase diagram of bosonic dipolar gases in a bilayer geometry, as a function of the two control parameters, i.e., the in-plane density and the interlayer distance. We observe four distinct phases, namely paired and decoupled superfluids, as well as a crystal of dimers and one consisting of two aligned crystalline layers. A direct quantum phase transition from a dimer crystal to two independent superfluids is observed in a relatively wide range of parameters. No supersolid phase is predicted for this system.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Avacopan in granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis: a profile of its use
Creators: name: Hoy, Sheridan M.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: 110703 Autoimmunity
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Declarations Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Authorship and conflict of interest S. M. Hoy is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content. Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent for publication, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable. Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here. Abstract Avacopan (TAVNEOS®), a first-in-class, small molecule, selective antagonist of the complement fragment 5a receptor (C5aR), is an effective and glucocorticoid-sparing treatment option with a manageable tolerability profile for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). It is administered orally in combination with standard therapy (e.g. rituximab, cyclophosphamide, glucocorticoids). In a 52-week, multinational phase 3 study in patients (most of whom were adults) with GPA and MPA, the avacopan regimen was non-inferior, but not superior, to the tapered prednisone regimen in achieving remission at week 26, and superior to the prednisone regimen in sustaining remission at week 52. It may also have beneficial effects on relapse rates, glucocorticoid-induced toxicity, kidney function and health-related quality of life. In this study, overall infections (a major driver of early mortality in this patient population), serious infections and serious opportunistic infections were less frequent with avacopan than tapered prednisone. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
Convergence of extreme value statistics in a two-layer quasi-geostrophic atmospheric model
Creators: name: Galfi, Vera Melinda
name: Bodai, Tamas
name: Lucarini, Valerio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We search for the signature of universal properties of extreme events, theoretically predicted for Axiom A flows, in a chaotic and high dimensional dynamical system by studying the convergence of GEV (Generalized Extreme Value) and GP (Generalized Pareto) shape parameter estimates to a theoretical value, expressed in terms of partial dimensions of the attractor, which are global properties. We consider a two layer quasi-geostrophic (QG) atmospheric model using two forcing levels, and analyse extremes of different types of physical observables (local, zonally-averaged energy, and the average value of energy over the mid-latitudes). Regarding the predicted universality, we find closer agreement in the shape parameter estimates only in the case of strong forcing, producing a highly chaotic behaviour, for some observables (the local energy at every latitude). Due to the limited (though very large) data size and the presence of serial correlations, it is difficult to obtain robust statistics of extremes in case of the other observables. In the case of weak forcing, inducing a less pronounced chaotic flow with regime behaviour, we find worse agreement with the theory developed for Axiom A flows, which is unsurprising considering the properties of the system.
description: 28 pages, 8 figures; improved version following the referees' comments
Detection of the Stellar Intracluster Medium in Perseus (Abell 426)
Creators: name: Harris, William E.
name: Mulholland, Courtney J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Hubble Space Telescope photometry from the ACS/WFC and WFPC2 cameras is used to detect and measure globular clusters (GCs) in the central region of the rich Perseus cluster of galaxies. A detectable population of Intragalactic GCs is found extending out to at least 500 kpc from the cluster center. These objects display luminosity and color (metallicity) distributions that are entirely normal for GC populations. Extrapolating from the limited spatial coverage of the HST fields, we estimate very roughly that the entire Perseus cluster should contain ~50000 or more IGCs, but a targetted wide-field survey will be needed for a more definitive answer. Separate brief results are presented for the rich GC systems in NGC 1272 and NGC 1275, the two largest Perseus ellipticals. For NGC 1272 we find a specific frequency S_N = 8, while for the central giant NGC 1275, S_N ~ 12. In both these giant galaxies, the GC colors are well matched by bimodal distributions, with the majority in the blue (metal-poor) component. This preliminary study suggests that Perseus is a prime target for a more comprehensive deep imaging survey of Intragalactic GCs.
description: In press for Astrophysical Journal
A multifunctional metasurface: from extraordinary optical transmission to extraordinary optical diffraction in a single structure
Creators: name: Deng, Zi-Lan
name: Li, Xiangping
name: Wang, Guo Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show that, a metasurface composed of subwavelength metallic slit array embedded in an asymmetric environment can exhibit either extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) or extraordinary optical diffraction (EOD). By employing an analytical model expansion method and the diffraction order chart in k-vector space, we found that the resonance decaying pathway of the local slit cavity mode can be tuned to either 0th or -1st diffraction order by changing the parallel wavevector, which gives rise to enhanced 0th transmission (EOT) of the structure for small incident angles, and enhanced -1st diffraction (EOD) for large incident angles. Based on this appealing feature, a multifunctional metasurface that can switch its functionality between transmission filter, mirror and off-axis lens is demonstrated. Our findings provide a convenient way to construct multifunctional integrated optical devices on a single planar device.
description: 18 Pages, 5 figures
Topological properties of Taimanov semigroups
Creators: name: Gutik, Oleg
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 22A15, 22A25, 54A10, 54D40, 54H10

description: A semigroup $T$ is called Taimanov if $T$ contains two distinct elements $0,\infty$ such that $xy=\infty$ for any distinct points $x,y\in T\setminus\{0,\infty\}$ and $xy=0$ in all other cases. We prove that any Taimanov semigroup $T$ has the following topological properties: (i) each $T_1$-topology with continuous shifts on $T$ is discrete; (ii) $T$ is closed in each $T_1$-topological semigroup containing $T$ as a subsemigroup; (iii) every non-isomorphic homomorphic image $Z$ of $T$ is a zero-semigroup and hence $Z$ is a topological semigroup in any topology on $Z$.
description: 5 pages
Flaviol (flûte à bec) à quatre trous antérieurs. Vue générale de face
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
Magnetic field line random walk in two-dimensional dynamical turbulence
Creators: name: Wang, J. F.
name: Qin, G.
name: Ma, Q. M.
name: Song, T.
name: Yuan, S. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The field line random walk (FLRW) of magnetic turbulence is one of the important topics in plasma physics and astrophysics. In this article by using the field line tracing method mean square displacements (MSD) of FLRW is calculated in all possible length scales for pure two-dimensional turbulence with damping dynamical model. We demonstrate that in order to describe FLRW with damping dynamical model a new dimensionless quantity $R$ is needed to be introduced. In different length scales dimensionless MSD shows different relationship with the dimensionless quantity $R$. Although temporal effect impacts MSD of FLRW and even changes regimes of FLRW, it dose not affect the relationship between the dimensionless MSD and dimensionless quantity $R$ in all possible length scales.
title: Dialogues of Negritude: An Analysis of the Cultural Context of Black Writing
Creators: name: Popeau, Jean Baptiste
Publisher: name: Goldsmiths, University of London
Year: 1992

description: This thesis undertakes to examine the full implications of Abiola !rele's statement in 'Negritude or Black Cultural Nationalism' that the roots of Negritude ' ......... lie far down in the total historical experience of the black man in contact with the white.' [Journal of Modem African Studies, 3, 3 (1965) pp321-348] The first part examines the place of Blacks in Western speculative thought by way of Hegel's comments on Africa and Africans and, the implications for the Negro of Hegel's Master-Slave dialectic. The concept of the Negro in Western speculative thought is analysed generally as manifesting two essential aspects: the Negro is seen as either a negative savage threatening the values of Western civilization or, as heroic rebel. Certain modernist writers are discussed for their view of the Negro as an outsider challenging the comfortable oppressions of bourgeois humanism. These two views of Blacks are traced in the Western literary tradition in the works of Shakespeare, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Joseph Conrad, Michel Tournier. In Part Two while making extensive reference to Jean-Paul Sartre's 'Black Orpheus' I take issue with his thesis that Negritude represents a negation of White Culture. I argue that Negritude represents a dialogue which continues to the present, with the Other, and with the Western concept of the Negro. I trace the development of this dialogue in the work of the early exponents of Negritude (Leon Damas, Jacques Roumain) and its two most prominent theorists, Leopold Senghor and Aime Cesaire. The later development of Negritude in the work of James Baldwin and Richard Wright is discussed. I then examine the theoretical position of Wilson Harris as a critique of Negritude. Lastly I discuss the legacy of Negritude and its importance for the problems of modern Black writing