Scopula chalcographata
Creators: name: Wanke, Dominic
name: Hausmann, Axel
name: Lee, Kyung Min
name: Murillo-Ramos, Leidys
name: Sihvonen, Pasi
name: Rajaei, Hossein
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Geometridae
Scopula
Scopula chalcographata

description: Scopula chalcographata (Brandt, 1938)   
(Plate 9, Figs 9–10; Plate 20, Fig. 1; Plate 27, Fig. 3; Map 13)  
 Glossotrophia chalcographata Brandt, 1938. Entomologische Rundschau, 55 (49): 574. Syntypes ♁, ♀ (Iran, Fort Mian-Kotal) (NHRS, examined).   
 Glossotrophia chalcographata sinaica Rebel, 1948. Zeitschrift der Wiener Entomologischen Gesellschaft, 32 (5–7): 57. Holotype ♀ (Egypt: Wadi Feran) (TMB). Valid at subspecific rank.   
 Type material examined. Paratypes 1 ♁, 1 ♀, Iran, Fars, Strasse Chiraz– Kazeroun, Fort Mian-Kotal, ca. 2000 m, 7.-10.v.1937, coll. Brandt, (♁) NHRS-LEPI 000010181, g. prep. 10875, (♀) NHRS-LEPI 000010180, g. prep. 10874; in NHRS.   
 Additional material examined: 147 ♁/ ♀ (see appendix).   
 Diagnosis. Wingspan ♁ ♀ 18–25 mm. In Iran, Scopula chalcographata can externally be confused only with S. diffinaria, S. orbeorum and S. sacraria, but these species could be easily diagnosed based on their genitalia characters.   
 In the male genitalia 8th sternite, with right ceras of medium size, left ceras short (sternite, with polymorphic cerata, cerata short or right ceras long and slender, left ceras short or both cerata long in S. diffinaria; sternite, with both cerata of medium size in S. orbeorum; basally strongly elongated, both cerata long and narrow in S. sacraria) (see Plate 19, Figs 2–4; Plate 20, Figs 1–3).   
 In the female genitalia lamella antevaginalis with a large sub-rectangular sclerite (with a large squared sclerite in S. diffinaria; S. orbeorum and S. sacraria). Antrum with long sclerite, posteriorly strongly notched (long sclerite, posteriorly notched in S. diffinaria and S. orbeorum; with long and narrow sclerite, posteriorly notched in S. sacraria) (see Plate 26, Fig. 6; Plate 27, Figs 1–5).   
 Phenology. Bivoltine species in the Levant and the Arabian Peninsula (Hausmann et al. 2020). Investigated specimens in Iran were collected from March to June.   
 Biology. Larva feeding on Silene and Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) (Hausmann et al. 2016b; Hausmann et al. 2020).   
 Habitat. In Israel at altitudes from - 400 m to 200 m, and to 1000 m in Jordan (Hausmann et al. 2020). Investigated specimens in Iran were collected from 60 m to 2800 m.   
 Distribution. Distributed across Transcaucasus, from eastern Egypt to Jordan, Israel and the Arabian Peninsula (Viidalepp 1996; Hausmann et al. 2020). In Iran distributed in the north-eastern and south-eastern parts (Map 13). Reported in the literature also for the provinces Bushehr, Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, and Sistan-o-Baluchestan (Brandt 1938; Brandt 1939; Brandt 1941; Reisser 1958; Kouznetsov 1959; Wiltshire 1980; Viidalepp 1996; Lehmann et al. 2009).   
 DNA-barcoding. Nearest species: S. uberaria with 3.3 % (see Supplementary Table S1).   
 MAP 13. Distribution pattern of Scopula chalcographata in Iran.
description: Published as part of Wanke, Dominic, Hausmann, Axel, Lee, Kyung Min, Murillo-Ramos, Leidys, Sihvonen, Pasi & Rajaei, Hossein, 2023, Systematics and integrative taxonomic revision of the tribe Scopulini Duponchel, 1845 in Iran (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Sterrhinae), pp. 1-96 in Zootaxa 5359 (1) on pages 40-41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5359.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10147920