Suctoria Claparede & Lachmann 1858
Creators: name: Neuhaus, Birger
name: Lu, Borong
name: Yamasaki, Hiroshi
name: González-Casarrubios, Alberto
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Kinetofragminophora
Suctorida
Acinetidae
Suctoria

description: Acinetid Suctoria
Diagnostic characters of Trematosoma and Limnoricus Jankowski, 1981. The taxonomy of acinetid Suctoria is quite confusing and species with similar characters like a flattened lorica and one to few rows of tentacles have been grouped in different genera, viz Trematosoma and Limnoricus (see Jankowski 1981; Dovgal 2002; Dovgal et al. 2008; Dovgal & Lozowskiy 2008). Species of Trematosoma, Limnoricus ceter Jankowski, 1981, and L. seticolus (Jankowski, 1981) possessed a stalk separated from the lorica, whereas L. ponticus Dovgal & Lozorowskiy, 2008 showed a thecostyle with the lorica gradually diminishing in diameter to the basis (Pritchard 1852; Maupas 1881; Gruber 1884; Collin 1909; Precht 1935; Guilcher 1950; Allgén 1951; Jankowski 1981; Dovgal & Lozorowskiy 2008; this paper). Based on this observation, Dovgal et al. (2008) discussed placing L. ponticus in a different genus but refrained from this. The differences between L. ceter, L. seticolus, and species of Trematosoma appear to be more species-specific than genus-specific, and at some stage L. ceter and L. seticolus may have to be transferred to Trematosoma.
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TABLE 7. (Continued)SpeciesCharacterT.amphiasci(Precht, 1935)T. bocqueti(Guilcher, 1950)T. complatana(Gruber, 1884)T. constricta(Collin, 1909)T. falcata(Jankowski, 1981)T. ovata(Pritchard, 1852)T. pusilla(Maupas, 1881)T. rotunda(Allgén 1951) ,T.husselaesp. nov.Arrangementof tentaclesone row left and right with ca. 9 tentacles each, small gap one row left and right with 18–20 tentacles each, small gap; [2 short and 2 or 3 long tentacles at each corner of lorica, broad gap] one row left and right with ca. 10 tentacles occurring also laterally, broad gap one row left and right with small gap; [and 11–14 or 8–28 tentacles] one row left and right with 5–6 tentacles each, small gap single row, ca. 11 single row, 4–5 tentacles ca. 12–19 tentacles in one? row one row left and right with 8–16 tentacles each, small gapLength oftentaclesshort; [11– 12 µm, thick and 48–50 µm, thin] -; [11–12 µm or 48–50 µm] -; [50 µm] long; [30–69 µm; 17–31 µm] very short - short; [10 µm] 4–6 µm; [4 µm] 4–6 µmEndogenousbuddingnot observed yet +, embryo 25 µm x 10 µm not observed yet + not observed yet not observed yet + not observed yet +, embryo 13–15 µm x 8–10 µmOriginalbasibiont;[additionalbasibionts]Copepoda Copepoda; [on debris] -; [Hydrozoa; Bryozoa] Crustacea: Paguridae green algae Hydrozoa Bryozoa; [algae; Hydrozoa; tubes of Polychaeta; Copepoda] Nematoda KinorhynchaOriginallocation(s);[additionallocation]Baltic Sea: Kiel Bight; [Adriatic Sea] English Channel: Roscoff; [Western Australia] Ligurian Sea: Genua English Channel: Roscoff; Mediterranean Sea: Banyul Arctic Ocean, Murmansk North Sea: United Kingdom Algeria: Algier; [Adriatic Sea] Falkland Islands; [India, Sundarbans North Sea: Sylt] North Sea: Sylt]Remarks,Fernandez- Batisse 1972; Collin 1912; original description described Curds 1985; Curds 1985: this paperadditionalLeboransetPostet al. 1983 Curds 1985 brief, illustration without Fernandez-Acineta ovoideareferencesal. 2012 and more detailed name by LeboransetAllgén, 1951 = description in Collin Alder 1851;al. 2012 synonym ofT.1912; Fernandez- Curds 1985rotunda, because Leborans & Gabilondo just lateral view; 2006; Fernandez- Ghosh & Mandal Leboranset al. 2013 2019
One more distinctive genus-specific character might be the reproduction via semi-circumvaginative budding in L. ponticus versus internal budding in T. bocqueti, T. constricta, T. pusilla, and T. husselae sp. nov.; however, reproduction in L. ceter and L. seticolus is unknown, semi-circumvaginative budding may represent a character of L. ponticus only (Table 7; Maupas 1881; Collin 1912; Batisse 1972, 1975; Jankowski 1981; Curds 1985; Dovgal et al. 2008; Dovgal & Lozowskiy 2008; this paper). The differing types of budding within Suctoria were used by Batisse (1975) to justify new taxonomic categories. These types of reproduction were mainly based on cultivated species allowing in-depth studies. Unfortunately, such detailed information is lacking for almost all species of Limnoricus and Trematosoma. Although we had quite a large amount of specimens of T. husselae sp. nov. available, we noticed only swarmers inside the zooid and a swarmer, which seemed to have left its parent (comp. Figs 2A, 4D, and 5A, B with Fig. 4E). The image provided for L. ponticus about semi-circumvaginal budding did not allow to see that character clearly, so we relied on the statements of the authors (Dovgal et al. 2008, fig. 2B; Dovgal & Lozowskiy 2008, fig. 2).
description: Published as part of Neuhaus, Birger, Lu, Borong, Yamasaki, Hiroshi & González-Casarrubios, Alberto, 2023, Epibiontic life on intertidal Setaphyes kielensis and S. dentatus (Kinorhyncha, Pycnophyidae) from Sylt, North Sea, Germany, with a description of a new species of Trematosoma (Ciliophora, Acinetidae) and a redescription of Cothurnia buetschlii (Ciliophora, Vaginicolidae), pp. 439-470 in Zootaxa 5343 (5) on pages 460-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5343.5.2, http://zenodo.org/record/8345479