cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Botryllus schlosseri
Creators: name: Kakkonen, Jenni E.
name: Worsfold, Tim M.
name: Ashelby, Christopher W.
name: Taylor, Andrea
name: Beaton, Katy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Ascidiacea
Stolidobranchia
Styelidae
Botryllus
Botryllus schlosseri

description: (26) Botryllus schlosseri (Pallas, 1766)
Status in U.K. – cryptogenic.
Botryllus schlosseri (“star ascidian”) has been recorded at several monitoring programme sites, each year since 2012, from settlement panel, rapid assessment and scrape samples, and has also been recorded from renewable energy structures (Want et al. 2017).
It is considered cryptogenic in Europe (López-Legentil and Legentil 2015).
description: Published as part of Kakkonen, Jenni E., Worsfold, Tim M., Ashelby, Christopher W., Taylor, Andrea & Beaton, Katy, 2019, The value of regular monitoring and diverse sampling techniques to assess aquatic non-native species: a case study from Orkney, pp. 46-79 in Management of Biological Invasions 10 (1) on page 63, DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2019.10.1.04, http://zenodo.org/record/11969078
Decomposing Path Shapes: About an Interplay of Manner of Motion and 'The Path'
Creators: name: Weisgerber, Matthias
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In this paper we will develop a formal conceptual model of how the path in a motion situation interacts with the semantic analysis of so called ‘motion shape verbs’ like ‘wackeln’ (‘wobble’), a subclass of the so called ‘manner of motion verbs’. Central to this model will be the distinction between two concepts of motion: translational motion and nontranslational motion, which has no inherent translational component but puts emphasis on describing specific Motion Shape Patterns. We will define and algorithmically describe a theory of Path Shape Decomposition that aims at algorithmically deriving the translational vs. nontranslational distinction from the shape of the path. To account for object internal motion, we additionally introduce Bounding Box encapsulation, which yields a topological division of inner and outer movement. Finally we demonstrate how the outcome of such a technical decomposition can be used in modelling a Path Superimposition scenario like ‘Peter wackelt u¨ ber die Straße’.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 10 No 2 (2006): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 10
Magnetic Configurations Related to the Coronal Heating and Solar Wind Generation I. Twist and Expansion Profiles of Magnetic Loops Produced by Flux Emergence
Creators: name: Lee, Hwanhee
name: Magara, Tetsuya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The generation of outflows from the Sun known as solar winds is coupled with the heating of the solar corona, and both processes are operated in magnetic structures formed on the Sun. To study the magnetic configuration responsible for these processes, we use three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to reproduce magnetic structures via flux emergence and investigate their configurations. We focus on two key quantities characterizing a magnetic configuration: the force-free parameter alpha and the flux expansion rate fex, the former of which represents how much a magnetic field is twisted while the latter represents how sharply a magnetic field expands. We derive distributions of these quantities in an emerging flux region. Our result shows that an emerging flux region consists of outer part where a magnetic loop takes a large flux expansion rate but a small value of alpha at their photospheric footpoints, and inner part occupied by those loops where a strong electric current flows. We also investigate the expansion profile of a magnetic loop composing an emerging flux region. The profile is given by an exponential expansion type near the solar surface while it is given by a quadratic expansion type in an outer atmosphere. These detailed magnetic configurations obtained by this study contribute to developing a realistic model for the coronal heating and solar wind generation.
description: 22 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
The role of the thermodynamic factor on the intrinsic and tracer diffusivities in binary mixtures
Creators: name: Puelles, M. Sampayo
name: Hoyuelos, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the Darken equations gives a relationship between the intrinsic and the tracer diffusion coefficients, $D_A$ and $D_A^*$, of species $A$ in a solid binary mixture. In its original version, the equation reads $D_A = D_A^* Γ$, with $Γ$ the thermodynamic factor. The question addressed in this paper is how $D_A$ and $D_A^*$ depend separately on $Γ$. Using a recent result for transition probabilities in terms of the excess chemical potential (M. Di Muro and M. Hoyuelos, Phys. Rev. E 104, 044104, 2021), it is shown that the intrinsic diffusivity does not depend on $Γ$. This approach simplifies a previous theoretical analysis that reaches the same result. Experimental results of diffusion in a Ni-Pd and Fe-Pd alloys (M. J. H. van Dal et al., Acta mater. 48, 385, 2000) are used to check the theory.
$I-$Love$-C$ relation for an anisotropic neutron star
Creators: name: Das, H. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the most common assumptions has been made that the pressure inside the star is isotropic in nature. However, the pressure is locally anisotropic in nature which is a more realistic case. In this study, we investigate certain properties of anisotropic neutron stars with the scalar pressure anisotropy model. Different perfect fluid conditions are tested within the star with the relativistic mean-field model equation of states (EOSs). The anisotropic neutron star properties such as mass ($M$), radius ($R$), compactness ($C$), Love number ($k_2$), dimensionless tidal deformability ($Λ$), and the moment of inertia ($I$) are calculated. The magnitude of the quantities as mentioned above increases (decreases) with the positive (negative) value of anisotropy except $k_2$ and $Λ$. The Universal relation $I-$Love$-C$ is calculated with almost 58 EOSs spans from relativistic to non-relativistic cases. We observed that the relations between them get weaker when we include anisotropicity. With the help of the GW170817 tidal deformability limit and radii constraints from different approaches, we find that the anisotropic parameter is less than 1.0 if one uses the BL model. Using the universal relation and the tidal deformability bound given by the GW170817, we put a theoretical limit for the canonical radius, $R_{1.4}=10.74_{-1.36}^{+1.84}$ km, and the moment of inertia, $I_{1.4} = 1.77_{-0.09}^{+0.17}\times10^{45}$ g cm$^2$ with 90\% confidence limit for isotropic stars. Similarly, for anisotropic stars with $λ_{\rm BL}=1.0$, the values are $R_{1.4}=11.74_{-1.54}^{+2.11}$ km, $I_{1.4} = 2.40_{-0.08}^{+0.17} \times10^{45}$ g cm$^2$ respectively.
description: 12 pages, 15 figures, 4 tables, Published in Phys. rev. D
Russian Predicate Clefts: Tensions Between Semantics and Pragmatics
Creators: name: Verbuk, Anna
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Russian predicate cleft constructions have the surprising property of being associated with adversative clauses of the opposite polarity. I argue that clefts are associated with adversative clauses because they have the semantics of S-Topics in Büring’s (1997, 2000) sense of the term. It is shown that the polarity of the adversative clause is obligatorily opposed to that of the cleft because the use of a cleft gives rise to a relevance-based pragmatic scale. The ordering principle according to which these scales are organized is relevance to the question-under-discussion.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 10 No 2 (2006): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 10
All dihedral division algebras of degree five are cyclic
Creators: name: Matzri, Eliyahu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Rowen and Saltman proved that every division algebra which is split by a dihedral extension of degree $2n$ of the center, $n$ odd, is in fact cyclic. The proof requires roots of unity of order $n$ in the center. We show that for $n=5$, this assumption can be removed. It then follows that ${}_{5\!\!\!\:}Br(F)$, the $5$-torsion part of the Brauer group, is generated by cyclic algebras, generalizing a result of Merkurjev on the $2$ and $3$ torsion parts.
Dealing with Alternatives
Creators: name: Tovena, Lucia M.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: Traditionally, pure additive particles and scalar additive particles are both characterised by an existential presupposition. They differ insofar as the set of alternatives that is built is unordered for the former, and ordered for the latter, which carry the so-called scalar presupposition. As a result, the two characterisations cannot be cumulated, an impossibility that is at odds with the fact that several languages exhibit this combination of readings for a single item. The discussion of Italian neanche ‘(n)either/(not) even’, an item that can both be additive and scalar, allows us to expose the connection between the oppositions nonordered vs ordered set of alternatives and verified vs accommodated existential presupposition by adding content to the traditional view that the set of alternatives is made up of ‘relevant’ items in the context. The question of how to characterise this item is set against the backdrop of a more general discussion of the network of additive particles found in Italian.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 10 No 2 (2006): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 10
Understanding the rheology of kaolinite clay suspensions using Bayesian inference
Creators: name: Ran, Ranjiangshang
name: Pradeep, Shravan
name: Acharige, Sébastien Kosgodagan
name: Blackwell, Brendan C.
name: Kammer, Christoph
name: Jerolmack, Douglas J.
name: Arratia, Paulo E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mud is a suspension of fine-grained particles (sand, silt, and clay) in water. The interaction of clay minerals in mud gives rise to complex rheological behaviors, such as yield stress, thixotropy and viscoelasticity. Here, we experimentally examine the flow behaviors of kaolinite clay suspensions, a model mud, using steady shear rheometry. The flow curves exhibit both yield stress and rheological hysteresis behaviors for various kaolinite volume fractions ($ϕ_k$). Further understanding of these behaviors requires fitting to existing constitutive models, which is challenging due to numerous fitting parameters. To this end, we employ a Bayesian inference method, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC), to fit the experimental flow curves to a microstructural viscoelastic model. The method allows us to estimate the rheological properties of the clay suspensions, such as viscosity, yield stress, and relaxation time scales. The comparison of the inherent relaxation time scales suggests that kaolinite clay suspensions are strongly viscoelastic and weakly thixotropic at relatively low $ϕ_k$, while being almost inelastic and purely thixotropic at high $ϕ_k$. Overall, our results provide a framework for predictive model fitting to elucidate the rheological behaviors of natural materials and other structured fluids.
The study of the dynamics of the order parameter of coupled oscillators in the Ott-Antonsen scheme for generic frequency distributions
Creators: name: Campa, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Ott-Antonsen ansatz shows that, for certain classes of distribution of the natural frequencies in systems of $N$ globally coupled Kuramoto oscillators, the dynamics of the order parameter, in the limit $N\to \infty$, evolves, under suitable initial conditions, in a manifold of low dimension. This is not possible when the frequency distribution, continued in the complex plane, has an essential singularity at infinite; this is the case for example, of a Gaussian distribution. In this work we propose a simple approximation scheme that allows to extend also to this case the representation of the dynamics of the order parameter in a low dimensional manifold. Using as a working example the Gaussian frequency distribution, we compare the dynamical evolution of the order parameter of the system of oscillators, obtained by the numerical integration of the $N$ equations of motion, with the analogous dynamics in the low dimensional manifold obtained with the application of the approximation scheme. The results confirm the validity of the approximation. The method could be employed for general frequency distributions, allowing the determination of the corresponding phase diagram of the oscillator system.
description: 40 pages, 6 figures
Quantum dynamics corresponding to chaotic BKL scenario
Creators: name: Góźdź, Andrzej
name: Pȩdrak, Aleksandra
name: Piechocki, Włodzimierz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We quantize the solution to the Belinski-Khalatnikov-Lifshitz (BKL) scenario using the integral quantization method. Quantization smears the gravitational singularity avoiding its localization in the configuration space. The latter is defined in terms of spatial and temporal coordinates, which are treated on the same footing that enables respecting covariance of general relativity. The relative quantum perturbations grow as the system evolves towards the gravitational singularity. The quantum randomness amplifies the deterministic classical chaos of the BKL scenario. Additionally, our results suggest that the generic singularity of general relativity can be avoided at quantum level giving support to the expectation that quantum gravity has good chance to be a regular theory.
description: 22 pages, 2 figures, version accepted for publication in The European Physical Journal C
Complex organic molecules in protoplanetary disks
Creators: name: Walsh, Catherine
name: Millar, T. J.
name: Nomura, Hideko
name: Herbst, Eric
name: Weaver, Susanna L. Widicus
name: Aikawa, Yuri
name: Laas, Jake C.
name: Vasyunin, Anton I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (Abridged) Protoplanetary disks are vital objects in star and planet formation, possessing all the material which may form a planetary system orbiting the new star. We investigate the synthesis of complex organic molecules (COMs) in disks to constrain the achievable chemical complexity and predict species and transitions which may be observable with ALMA. We have coupled a 2D model of a protoplanetary disk around a T Tauri star with a gas-grain chemical network including COMs. We compare compare synthesised line intensities and calculated column densities with observations and determine those COMs which may be observable in future. COMs are efficiently formed in the disk midplane via grain-surface chemical reactions, reaching peak grain-surface fractional abundances 1e-6 - 1e-4 that of the H nuclei number density. COMs formed on grain surfaces are returned to the gas phase via non-thermal desorption; however, gas-phase species reach lower fractional abundances than their grain-surface equivalents, 1e-12 - 1e-7. Including the irradiation of grain mantle material helps build further complexity in the ice through the replenishment of grain-surface radicals which take part in further grain-surface reactions. There is reasonable agreement with several line transitions of H2CO observed towards several T Tauri star-disk systems. The synthesised line intensities for CH3OH are consistent with upper limits determined towards all sources. Our models suggest CH3OH should be readily observable in nearby protoplanetary disks with ALMA; however, detection of more complex species may prove challenging. Our grain-surface abundances are consistent with those derived from cometary comae observations providing additional evidence for the hypothesis that comets (and other planetesimals) formed via the coagulation of icy grains in the Sun's natal disk.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures, 7 tables
Soft photon propagation in a hot and dense medium to next-to-leading order
Creators: name: Gorda, Tyler
name: Kurkela, Aleksi
name: Österman, Juuso
name: Paatelainen, Risto
name: Säppi, Saga
name: Schicho, Philipp
name: Seppänen, Kaapo
name: Vuorinen, Aleksi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first complete calculation of the soft photon self-energy to the next-to-leading order in a hot and/or dense ultrarelativistic plasma in Quantum Electrodynamics (QED). The calculation is performed within the real-time formalism utilizing dimensional regularization in $4-2ε$ dimensions, while the result is reported including explicit $O(ε)$ terms in the zero-temperature limit. This information is required to extend the perturbative calculation of the pressure of cold and dense QED matter to partial next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in a weak-coupling expansion, reported in a companion paper. These results pave the way for a similar future calculation in Quantum Chromodynamics.
description: 46 pages, 11 figures
Evolution of Cosmic Voids in the Schrodinger-Poisson Formalism
Creators: name: Gallagher, Aoibhinn
name: Coles, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the evolution of cosmic voids in the Schrodinger Poisson formalism, finding wave mechanical solutions for the dynamics in a standard cosmological background with appropriate boundary conditions. We compare the results in this model to those obtained using the Zel'dovich approximation. We discuss the advantages of studying voids in general and the advantages of the Schrodinger Poisson description over other approaches. In particular, emphasizing the utility of the free particle approximation. We also discuss a dimensionless number, similar to the Reynolds number, for this system which allows our void solutions to be scaled to systems of different physical dimensions.
description: 9 pages, 10 figures
Pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Granuloma Formation and Dynamics (a review)
Creators: name: Onyenuru, Okechukwu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Mycobacterium tuberculosis/pathogenicity
subject: Granuloma/physiopathology
subject: Neutrophil Activation
subject: Immunity, Innate

description: Tuberculosis remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide, yet active disease develops in only 5-10% of infected individuals. This review explores the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with a specific focus on granuloma formation and dynamics. Granulomas, the hallmark of pulmonary tuberculosis, have traditionally been viewed as host-beneficial structures that contain the pathogen. However, emerging evidence suggests a paradigm shift wherein M. tuberculosis actively manipulates granuloma formation and function to facilitate its survival and transmission. The review examines the structural organization of granulomas, the complex interplay of cytokines and immune cells involved in their formation and maintenance, and the mechanisms through which M. tuberculosis subverts host defences within this environment. Particular attention is given to the roles of foamy macrophages, caseous necrosis, and the ESX-1 secretion system in granuloma dynamics. Understanding the dual role of granulomas, both host defence mechanisms and pathogen-exploited niches, provides critical insights for developing improved therapeutic strategies against tuberculosis. Special emphasis is placed on the roles of foamy macrophages, caseous necrosis, and the ESX-1 secretion system in shaping granuloma behavior. Recognizing the granuloma’s dual function- a defense mechanism for the host and a niche exploited by the pathogen- offers valuable insights for advancing more effective tuberculosis treatments.
Gamma-ray emission in proton-induced nuclear reactions on natC and Mylar targets over the incident energy range of Ep = 30-200 MeV. Astrophysical implications
Creators: name: Rahma, Y.
name: Ouichaoui, S.
name: Kiener, J.
name: Lawrie, E. A.
name: Lawrie, J. J.
name: Tatischeff, V.
name: Belhout, A.
name: Moussa, D.
name: Yahia-Cherif, W.
name: Benhabiles-Mezhoud, H.
name: Bucher, T. D.
name: Dinoko, T. R. S.
name: Chafa, A.
name: Conradie, J. L.
name: Damache, S.
name: Debabi, M.
name: Deloncle, I.
name: Easton, J. L.
name: Fouka, M.
name: Hamadache, C.
name: Hammache, F.
name: Jones, P.
name: Kheswa, B. V.
name: Khumalo, N. A.
name: Lamula, T.
name: Majola, S. N. T.
name: Ndayishimye, J.
name: Negi, D.
name: Noncolela, S. P.
name: Ouziane, S.
name: Papka, P.
name: Peterson, S
name: Raju, M. Kumar
name: Ramanathan, V.
name: Rebeiro, B. M.
name: de Séréville, N.
name: Sharpey-Schafer, J. F.
name: Shirinda, O.
name: Wiedeking, M.
name: Wyngaardt, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the gamma-ray line production cross sections in proton-induced nuclear reactions on various target nuclei abundant in astrophysical sites over the incident energy range of Ep = 30 - 200 MeV. We carried out experimental campaigns in joint collaboration at the K = 200 cyclotron of iThemba LABS using a high-energy resolution, high-efficiency detection array composed of 8 Compton-suppressed clover detectors comprising 32 HP-Ge crystals for recording the gamma-ray spectra. In the current paper, we focus on de-excitation lines produced in proton irradiations of natC and Mylar targets. In particular, on the prominent 4.439 and 6.129 MeV lines of $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O which are among the strongest lines emitted in solar flares and in interactions of low-energy cosmic rays with the gas and dust of the inner galaxy. We report new gamma-ray production experimental cross section data for ten nuclear lines that we compare to previous low-energy data sets from the literature, to the predictions of the TALYS code of modern nuclear reactions and to a semi-empirical compilation. In first approach, performing calculations with default input parameters of TALYS we observed substantial deviations between the predicted cross sections and experimental data. Then, using modified optical model potential and nuclear level deformation parameters as input data we generated theoretical excitation functions for the above two main lines fully consistent with experimental data. In contrast, the experimental data sets for the other eight analyzed lines from the two proton-irradiated targets exhibit significant deviations with the predicted cross section values. We also report line-shape experimental data for the line complex observed at $E_g$ = 4.44 MeV in irradiations of the two targets. Finally, we emphasize the astrophysical implications of our results.
description: 44 pages, 7 tables, 13 figures
Thermal and Impact History of the H Chondrite Parent Asteroid during Metamorphism: Constraints from Metallic Fe-Ni
Creators: name: Scott, Edward R. D.
name: Krot, Tatiana V.
name: Goldstein, Joseph I.
name: Wakita, Shigeru
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have studied cloudy taenite, metallographic cooling rates, and shock effects in 30 H3-6 chondrites to elucidate the thermal and early impact history of the H chondrite parent body. We focused on H chondrites with Ar-Ar ages greater than 4.4 Gyr and unshocked and mildly shocked H chondrites, as strongly shocked chondrites with such old ages are very rare. Cooling rates for most H chondrites at 500 C are 10-50 C/Myr and do not decrease systematically with increasing petrologic type as predicted by the onion-shell model in which types 3 to 5 are arranged in concentric layers around a type 6 core. Some type 4 chondrites cooled slower than some type 6 chondrites and type 3 chondrites did not cool faster than other types, contrary to the onion-shell model. Cloudy taenite particle sizes, which range from 40 to 120 nm, are inversely correlated with metallographic cooling rates and show that the latter were not compromised by shock heating. The three H4 chondrites that were used to develop the onion-shell model, Ste. Marguerite, Beaver Creek, and Forest Vale, cooled through 500 C at ~5000 C/Myr. Our thermal modeling shows that these rates are 50 times higher than could be achieved in a body that was heated by 26Al and cooled without disturbance by impact. Published Ar-Ar ages do not decrease systematically with increasing petrologic type but do correlate inversely with cloudy taenite particle size suggesting that impact mixing decreased during metamorphism. Metal and silicate compositions in regolith breccias show that impacts mixed material after metamorphism without causing significant heating. Impacts during metamorphism created Portales Valley and two other H6 chondrites with large metallic veins, excavated the fast-cooled H4 chondrites around 3-4 Myr after accretion, and mixed petrologic types.
description: 55 pages, 12 figures, to be published in Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
Tree-Based Adaptive Model Learning
Creators: name: Ferreira, Tiago
name: van Heerdt, Gerco
name: Silva, Alexandra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Formal Languages and Automata Theory (cs.FL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We extend the Kearns-Vazirani learning algorithm to be able to handle systems that change over time. We present a new learning algorithm that can reuse and update previously learned behavior, implement it in the LearnLib library, and evaluate it on large examples, to which we make small adjustments between two runs of the algorithm. In these experiments our algorithm significantly outperforms both the classic Kearns-Vazirani learning algorithm and the current state-of-the-art adaptive algorithm.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures, A Journey from Process Algebra via Timed Automata to Model Learning. Ferreira, T., van Heerdt, G., Silva, A. (2022). Tree-Based Adaptive Model Learning. In: Jansen, N., Stoelinga, M., van den Bos, P. (eds) A Journey from Process Algebra via Timed Automata to Model Learning; Full implementation and experiment results available at https://github.com/UCL-PPLV/learnlib
Integral Equation Theory for Pair Correlation Functions in a Crystal
Creators: name: Jaiswal, Anubha
name: Bharadwaj, Atul S.
name: Singh, Yashwant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A method for calculating pair correlation functions in a crystal is developed. The method is based on separating the one- and two- particle correlation functions into the symmetry conserving and the symmetry broken parts. The conserving parts are calculated using the integral equation theory of homogeneous fluids. The symmetry broken part of the direct pair correlation function is calculated from a series written in powers of order parameters and that of the total pair correlation function from the Ornstein- Zernike equation. The results found for a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice show that the method provides accurate and detailed informations about the pair correlation functions in a crystal.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures and 5 pages supplemental online material
Noether Theorem and Nilpotency Property of the (Anti-)BRST Charges in the BRST Formalism: A Brief Review
Creators: name: Rao, A. K.
name: Tripathi, A.
name: Chauhan, B.
name: Malik, R. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In some of the physically interesting gauge systems, we show that the application of the Noether theorem does not lead to the deduction of the Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST charges that obey precisely the off-shell nilpotency property despite the fact that these charges are $(i)$ derived by using the off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST symmetry transformations, $(ii)$ the generators of the above continuous symmetry transformations, and $(iii)$ conserved w.r.t. the time-evolution due to the Euler-Lagrange equations of motion derived from the Lagrangians/Lagrangian densities (that describe the dynamics of the suitably chosen physical systems). We propose a systematic method for the derivation of the off-shell nilpotent (anti-)BRST charges from the corresponding {non-nilpotent Noether conserved (anti-)BRST charges. To corroborate the sanctity and preciseness of our proposal, we take into account the examples of $(i)$ the one ($0 + 1$)-dimensional (1D) system of a massive spinning (i.e. SUSY) relativistic particle, $(ii)$ the D-dimensional non-Abelian 1-form gauge theory, and $(iii)$ the Abelian 2-form and the St${\ddot u}$ckelberg-modified version of the massive Abelian 3-form gauge theories in any arbitrary D-dimension of spacetime. Our present endeavor is a brief review where some decisive proposals have been made and a few novel results have been obtained as far as the nilpotency property is concerned.
description: LaTeX file, 35 pages, version to appear in UNIVERSE
Quantificational Readings of Indefinites with Focused Creation Verbs
Creators: name: Stephenson, Tamina
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: This paper looks at sentences with “quantificational indefinites,” discussed by Diesing (1992) and others. I propose that these sentences generate sets of alternatives of the form {p, not p and it’s possible that p}, which restrict the quantification by an extension of familiar focus principles. For example, in the sentence I usually read a book about slugs (on the relevant reading), usually quantifies over pairs such that x is a book about slugs, t is a time interval, and one alternative is true from the set {I read x at t, I can but do not read x at t}. In addition to accounting for a well- known contrast between creation and non-creation verbs, this also explains a second contrast that Diesing’s analysis cannot account for.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 10 No 2 (2006): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 10
Why A Few? And Why Not *A Many?
Creators: name: Solt, Stephanie D.
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The expressions few and a few are typically considered to be separate quantifiers. I challenge this assumption, showing that with the appropriate definition of few, a few can be derived compositionally as a + few. The core of the analysis is a proposal that few has a denotation as a one-place predicate which incorporates a negation operator. From this, argument interpretations can be derived for expressions such as few students and a few students, differing only in the scope of negation. I show that this approach adequately captures the interpretive differences between few and a few. I further show that other such pairs are blocked by a constraint against the vacuous application of a.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 10 No 2 (2006): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 10
One-dimensional potential for image-potential states on graphene
Creators: name: de Andres, P. L.
name: Echenique, P. M.
name: Niesner, D.
name: Fauster, Th.
name: Rivacoba, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of dielectric theory the static non-local self-energy of an electron near an ultra-thin polarizable layer has been calculated and applied to study binding energies of image-states near free-standing graphene. The corresponding series of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions have been obtained by solving numerically the one-dimensional Schr{ö}dinger equation. Image-potential-state wave functions accumulate most of their probability outside the slab. We find that a Random Phase Approximation (RPA) for the non-local dielectric function yields a superior description for the potential inside the slab, but a simple Fermi-Thomas theory can be used to get a reasonable quasi-analytical approximation to the full RPA result that can be computed very economically. Binding energies of the image-potential states follow a pattern close to the Rydberg series for a perfect metal with the addition of intermediate states due to the added symmetry of the potential. The formalism only requires a minimal set of free parameters; the slab width and the electronic density. The theoretical calculations are compared to experimental results for work function and image-potential states obtained by two-photon photoemission.
description: 24 pages; 10 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1301.4482
Word-Meaning and Sentence-Internal Presupposition
Creators: name: Solstad, Torgrim
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: The German causal preposition durch (’by’, ’through’) poses a challenge to formal-semantic analyses applying strict compositionality. To deal with this challenge, a formalism which builds on recent important developments in Discourse Representation Theory is developed, including a more elaborate analysis of presuppositional phenomena as well as the integration into the theory of unification as a mode of composition. It is argued that that the observed unificational phenomena belong in the realm of pragmatics, providing an argument for presuppositional phenomena at a sentence- and word-internal level.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 10 No 2 (2006): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 10
A measurement of the $K^{+} \to π^{+} μ^{+} μ^{-}$ decay
Creators: name: NA62 Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sample of $2.8 \times 10^4$ $K^{+} \to π^{+} μ^{+} μ^{-}$ candidates with negligible background was collected by the NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS in 2017--2018. The model-independent branching fraction is measured to be $(9.15 \pm 0.08)\times 10^{-8}$, a factor three more precise than previous measurements. The decay form factor is presented as a function of the squared dimuon mass. A measurement of the form factor parameters and their uncertainties is performed using a description based on Chiral Perturbation Theory at $\mathcal{O}(p^6)$.
description: 17 pages, 5 figures. Updated version (6 October 2022) accepted for publication in JHEP
Pragmatic Control of Specificity and Scope: Evidence from Dutch L1a
Creators: name: Philip, William
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: In this paper I argue, on the basis of intuitional and psycholinguistic evidence, that a grammatical constraint on scope ambiguity found in Dutch and some other languages, but not in English, is a rule of pragmatic competence. After showing that this constraint cannot be derived from the obligatory specificity of indefinites in certain contexts, nor from core syntactic properties of Dutch that distinguish it from English, I present experimental evidence that the Dutch scope constraint is not fully acquired by Dutch monolingual speakers until after the age of 12. Given standard assumptions about L1A, this can only be the case if this constraint does not derive purely from UG. I propose a construction-based account of it and suggest that this is generated by the same general cognitive processes that are primarily responsible for adult L2A.
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 9 (2005): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 9
On Result Nominalization in German
Creators: name: Osswald, Rainer
Publisher: name: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung
Year: 2019

description: It is well known that certain deverbal nouns like invention, forgery and disappointment allow a result interpretation while others like explosion and search do not. Result interpretation can mean two things: reference to a result object (forgery) or reference to a result state (disappointment). The present paper, whose focus is on deverbal nouns in German, investigates the semantical conditions the base verb must fulfill in order to allow a result object or a result state nominalization. In particular, we critically examine the criteria proposed by Ehrich and Rapp (2000).
description: Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung, Vol 9 (2005): Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung 9
Degenerate fermionic matter at N$^3$LO: Quantum Electrodynamics
Creators: name: Gorda, Tyler
name: Kurkela, Aleksi
name: Österman, Juuso
name: Paatelainen, Risto
name: Säppi, Saga
name: Schicho, Philipp
name: Seppänen, Kaapo
name: Vuorinen, Aleksi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We determine the pressure of a cold and dense electron gas to a nearly complete next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N$^3$LO) in the fine-structure constant $α_e$, utilizing a new result for the two-loop photon self-energy from a companion paper. Our result contains all infrared-sensitive contributions to the pressure at this order, including the coefficient of the $O(α_e^3 \ln α_e^{ })$ term, and leaves only a single coefficient associated with the contributions of unresummed hard momenta undetermined. Moreover, we explicitly demonstrate the complete cancellation of infrared divergences according to the effective field theory paradigm by determining part of the hard contributions at this order. Our calculation provides the first improvement to a 45-year-old milestone result and demonstrates the feasibility of the corresponding N$^3$LO calculation for cold and dense quark matter.
description: 6 pages (main text), 6 pages (supplemental material) and 3 figures
The Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment in the Reduced Minimal 3-3-1 Model
Creators: name: Kelso, Chris
name: Pinheiro, P. R. D.
name: Queiroz, Farinaldo S.
name: Shepherd, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the muon anomalous magnetic moment $(g-2)_μ$ in the context of the reduced minimal 3-3-1 model recently proposed in the literature. In particular, its spectrum contains a doubly charged scalar ($H^{\pm \pm}$) and gauge boson ($U^{\pm \pm}$), new singly charged vectors ($V^{\pm}$) and a $Z^{\prime}$ boson, each of which might give a sizeable contribution to the $(g-2)_μ$. We compute the 1-loop contributions from all these new particles to the $(g-2)_μ$. We conclude that the doubly charged vector boson provides the dominant contribution, and by comparing our results with the experimental constraints we derive an expected value for the scale of $SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_N$ symmetry breaking $v_χ \sim 2$ TeV. We also note that, if the discrepancy in the anomalous moment is resolved in the future without this model then the constraints will tighten to requiring $v_χ> 2.7$ TeV with current precision, and will entirely rule out the model if the expected precision is achieved by the future experiment at Fermilab.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Dodging the Data Bottleneck: Automatic Subtitling with Automatically Segmented ST Corpora
Creators: name: Papi, Sara
name: Karakanta, Alina
name: Negri, Matteo
name: Turchi, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Speech translation for subtitling (SubST) is the task of automatically translating speech data into well-formed subtitles by inserting subtitle breaks compliant to specific displaying guidelines. Similar to speech translation (ST), model training requires parallel data comprising audio inputs paired with their textual translations. In SubST, however, the text has to be also annotated with subtitle breaks. So far, this requirement has represented a bottleneck for system development, as confirmed by the dearth of publicly available SubST corpora. To fill this gap, we propose a method to convert existing ST corpora into SubST resources without human intervention. We build a segmenter model that automatically segments texts into proper subtitles by exploiting audio and text in a multimodal fashion, achieving high segmentation quality in zero-shot conditions. Comparative experiments with SubST systems respectively trained on manual and automatic segmentations result in similar performance, showing the effectiveness of our approach.
Self-consistent solution of magnetic and friction energy losses of a magnetic nanoparticle
Creators: name: Helbig, Santiago
name: Abert, Claas
name: Sánchez, Pedro A.
name: Kantorovich, Sofia S.
name: Suess, Dieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a simple simulation model for analysing magnetic and frictional losses of magnetic nano-particles in viscous fluids subject to alternating magnetic fields. Assuming a particle size below the single-domain limit, we use a macrospin approach and solve the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation coupled to the mechanical torque equation. Despite its simplicity the presented model exhibits surprisingly rich physics and enables a detailed analysis of the different loss processes depending on field parameters and initial arrangement of the particle and the field. Depending on those parameters regions of different steady states emerge: a region with dominating Néel relaxation and high magnetic losses and another region region with high frictional losses at low fields or low frequencies. The energy increases continuously even across regime boundaries up to frequencies above the Brownian relaxation limit. At those higher frequencies the steady state can also depend on the initial orientation of the particle in the external field. The general behavior and special cases and their specific absorption rates are compared and discussed.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures
Content Framing of the Tulong na Tabang na Tayo na Project of ABS-CBN'S Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation., Inc. and Influence on Viewer's Response
Creators: name: Espineda, Melvin N.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Farming
Farming Foundation

description: Guided by Goffman's (1974) Framing Theory and Gerbner and Gross'es Cultivation Theory (1976), this descriptive study explored how the framing of Tulong Na Tabang Na Tayo Na project of ABS-CBN Lingkod Kapamilya Foundation Inc. had influenced the responses of 114 students from three higher education institutions in the Philippines towards it. The project was a call to help the victims of Typhoon Yolanda in Tacloban, Leyte. Through a survey, data were obtained and analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. Of the 114 (76%) student-respondents, 89 (78%) are female and 25 (22%) male. Most student-respondents (67 or 58.7%) belonged to the 14-18 years old bracket. The study recorded 78 or 68% of student-respondents were actively watching television and assumed to be capable of deciding whether to support or ignore the project's framed content. Twenty percent of student-respondents shared that the framed content by using emotional appeal (i.e. crying people asking for help) accompanied by emphatic messages (i.e. Kapamilya, magkapit-bisig po tayo sa panahon ng sakuna, bukas po ang aming tanggapan para sa inyong mga donasyon (Members of the family in this time of disaster, let us hold hands, our office is open for your donations) had influenced them to support the project because of their experience. While personal experience did not form part of the communication frame as forwarded by Lakoff (2004), it surfaced that audiences' decision to support a project is motivated by it. Most student-respondents have experienced floods and strong typhoons, making the situation familiar. Thus, empathizing with the victims would be easy to establish. Moreover, long exposure to television and continuous watching of the project led them, as espoused by the cultivation theory, to support the project. Suffice to say that in developing a communication material, inclusion of a related experience of intended audiences may be considered.
Late-time critical behavior of local string-like observables under quantum quenches
Creators: name: Bandyopadhyay, Souvik
name: Polkovnikov, Anatoli
name: Dutta, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent times it has been observed that signatures of equilibrium quantum criticality surprisingly show up in many-body systems which are manifestly far from equilibrium. We explore such scenarios in interacting spin systems subject to a quench and develop a robust method to systematically probe ground state critical physics through nonequilibrium post-quench dynamics. Analyzing late-time behavior of finite string-like observables, we find emerging sharp signatures of equilibrium criticality. Specifically, these observables accurately detect equilibrium critical points and universal scaling exponents after long times following a quench. This happens despite the fact that the analyzed systems are strongly chaotic/ergodic and is interestingly due to a strong memory of the initial conditions retained by these observables after quench. We find that our results can also be used to explain critical signatures in post-quench domain formation, seen in a recent experiment with trapped ion quantum simulators.
description: 25 pages, 22 captioned figures
Hemispherical Parker waves driven by thermal shear in planetary dynamos
Creators: name: Dietrich, Wieland
name: Schmitt, Dieter
name: Wicht, Johannes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Planetary and stellar magnetic fields are thought to be sustained by helical motions ($α$-effect) and, if present, differential rotation ($Ω$-effect). In the Sun, the strong differential rotation in the tachocline is responsible for an efficient $Ω$-effect creating a strong axisymmetric azimuthal magnetic field. This is a prerequisite for Parker dynamo waves that may be responsible for the solar cycle. In the liquid iron cores of terrestrial planets, the Coriolis force organizes convection into columns with a strong helical flow component. These likely dominate magnetic field generation while the $Ω$-effect is of secondary importance. Here we use numerical simulations to show that the planetary dynamo scenario may change when the heat flux through the outer boundary is higher in one hemisphere than in the other. A hemispherical dynamo is promoted that is dominated by fierce thermal wind responsible for a strong $Ω$-effect. As a consequence Parker dynamo waves are excited equivalent to those predicted for the Sun. They obey the same dispersion relation and propagation characteristics. We suggest that Parker waves may therefore also play a role in planetary dynamos for all scenarios where zonal flows become an important part of convective motions.