cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Effective finance for food security under climate change
Creators: name: Wright, Helena Louise
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Climate change threatens food security and livelihoods throughout the world. Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, developed countries have committed to providing additional resources for adaptation to climate change in developing countries. This thesis explores how this finance can be most effective. Importantly, a multi-level case study approach was adopted because this enabled institutional arrangements for adaptation finance to be explored at multiple scales (international, national and local-level). The national case study of Bangladesh was selected as a country highly vulnerable to climate change impacts including sea level rise and intense cyclones, whilst a local-level case study was also selected in coastal Kalapara. A criteria-based framework for analysis was adopted to analyse the three levels. At the local-level, day labourers, many of whom owned no land, were found to be particularly vulnerable to food insecurity. There was evidence of climate-related poverty traps and many households found it extremely difficult to recover from severe cyclones. However, a recent community-based adaptation project had engaged with local government and built infrastructure to protect croplands. At national-level, priorities aligned well with those identified in the local case study, but concerns were expressed regarding national ownership and capacity. At international-level, concerns were expressed about the lack of transparency and stakeholder engagement in decision-making on climate finance. There seemed to be more progress against criteria of ownership and equity at local-level. A set of policy recommendations have been developed, including the need to mainstream gender into adaptation planning at all levels, and the need for climate funds to engage more fully with local government. Future research is required on how to strengthen synergies between adaptation and mitigation, whilst exploring a wider range of case studies could provide useful insights for the Green Climate Fund.
title: Complete group classification of shallow water equations
Creators: name: Poltavets, Nataliia
Publisher: name: Memorial University of Newofundland
Year: 2019

description: The thesis is devoted to the symmetry analysis of the shallow water equations with variable bottom topography in dimensions one and two. We find the generalized equivalence groups for the classes of one- and two-dimensional shallow water equations with variable bottom topography using the automorphism-based version of the algebraic method. It turns out that for both the classes, the generalized equivalence groups coincide with the corresponding usual equivalence groups. In the case of dimension one, we also compute the generalized equivalence group of the natural reparametrization of the class and then compare the computation with the analogous calculations for the original class. Specific attention is paid to the class of two-dimensional shallow water equations with variable bottom topography. We carry out the complete group classification for this class up to its equivalence transformations using the modern method of furcate splitting. This class is neither normalized in the usual sense nor in the generalized sense. In other words, it possesses admissible transformations that are not induced by elements of the equivalence group, and such admissible transformations establish additional equivalences among classification cases. For a number of pairs of classification cases we either prove that these cases are not equivalent to each other with respect to point transformations or indicate the associated point transformations for pairs of equivalent cases.
Is the galactic halo baryonic?
Creators: name: De Paolis, F.
name: Ingrosso, G.
name: Jetzer, Ph.
name: Roncadelli, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of microlensing events in the Large Magellanic Cloud suggest that a sizeable fraction of the galactic halo is in form of MACHOs with mass less than abou 0.1 M_{\odot}. Here we argue that molecular clouds (mainly H_2) located in the galactic halo can contribute substantially to its total mass. We outline a scenario in which dark clusters of MACHOs and molecular clouds naturally form in the halo at large galactocentric distances. Possible ways of detecting MACHOs via infrared emission and molecular clouds via the induced gamma-ray flux are discussed. Molecular clouds located in the M31 dark halo could be discovered through cosmic background radiation (CBR) anisotropies or emission lines in the microwave band.
description: 11 pages, latex, no figures. To appear in Comments on Astrophysics
Polymethacrylate based hybrids for bone regeneration through controlled polymerisation
Creators: name: Chung, Justin
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: When bone is fractured, plaster cast or metal plate is needed to hold it in a proper position to allow self-healing. However, when the fracture is above a critical defect size, bone cannot regenerate itself. Biomimetic material that can aid bone regeneration and acts as a temporary template would be an ideal solution. However, there are no biomaterials that can fulfil all the criteria as a bone substitute. Bioglass is one of the bioactive ceramics that can bond with host bone and stimulate bone regeneration, and is known to be more bioactive than other competing bioceramics. However, all bioactive ceramics are too brittle to be used in load bearing sites. Hybrids have the potential to overcome this problem because their nano-scale interaction of organic polymer and silica network can provide more promising physical properties. Particularly, past researches have introduced various copolymers of polymethacrylates as an organic source to take advantage of their self-hardening mechanical property. However, all the polymers were not well-defined to produce bespoke hybrids. In this thesis, copolymers of methyl methacrylate and 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate were synthesised through reversible-addition fragmentation and group transfer polymerisation techniques to produce well-defined polymers. In addition, different polymer architectures of linear, randomly branched, and star were synthesised and introduced to class II hybrids via the sol-gel process. The hybrids were able outperform bioactive glass and hybrids from previous studies in terms of mechanical properties. In addition, bone forming cells were able to adhere and proliferate on the hybrids. To improve flexibility of the hybrids, n-butyl methacrylate based star polymer was investigated as an alternative to the copolymers of methyl methacrylate. Butyl methacrylate based hybrid was able to meet the mechanical properties of trabecular bone.
Development of microfluidic technologies for the construction of Multi-Compartment Vesicles (MCVs) and their applications as artificial cells
Creators: name: Elani, Yuval
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: In recent years there has been an increasing interest in using lipid vesicles and related membrane structures as (i) artificial cells that mimic biological processes and (ii) bio-inspired micro-machines that serve functional purposes. To date, vesicles have largely been single-compartment structures with homogenous interiors, which has impeded the fulfilment of these goals. This thesis details the development of technologies to address this. We develop droplet-based methods to controllably generate multi-compartment vesicles (MCVs) for the first time. The potential of these novel structures as artificial cells capable of hosting a range of biological and bio-mimetic processes is explored. Most notably, we introduce spatial segregation of function, thus mimicking eukaryotic organelles, and incorporate an artificial enzymatic signalling cascade to transmit chemical signals between distinct vesicle regions. We also construct microfluidic devices to generate related structures known as multisomes. Microfluidic technologies enable the size of these constructs to be scaled-down (approaching characteristic cellular sizes), and the production throughput to be scaled-up (hundreds of multisomes produced a minute). We demonstrate their use as programmable modular microdroplet ‘factories’ for in situ chemical synthesis in physiological environments, with potential relevance for therapeutic applications. The above technologies provide a platform for further developments in bottom-up synthetic biology and in microreactor technologies, and will pave the way for the fulfilment of some of the ambitious goals of these fields.
Dark Matter and Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Creators: name: Dar, Arnon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently observed Deuterium abundance in a low- metallicity high-redshift hydrogen cloud, which is about ten times larger than that observed in the near interstellar medium, is that expected from the Standard Big Bang Nucleosynthesis theory and the observed abundances of $^4$He and $^7$Li extrapolated to their primordial values. The inferred cosmic baryon to photon ratio, $η=(1.60\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-10},$ yields a mean cosmic baryon density, in critical mass units, of $Ω_b\approx (0.6\pm 0.1)\times 10^{-2}h^{-2},$ with $h$ being the Hubble constant in units of $100 km~s^{-1} Mpc^{-1}$. This baryon density is consistent with the mean cosmic density of matter visible optically and in X-rays. It implies that most of the baryons in the Universe are visible and are not dark. Combined with the observed ratio of baryons to light in X-ray emitting clusters, it yields the value $Ω\approx 0.15$ for the mean mass density of the Universe, which is consistent with that obtained from the mass to light ratio in clusters. This mass density is about ten times larger than the mean baryon mass density. It indicates that most of the matter in the Universe consists of nonbaryonic dark matter.
description: Invited talk to be published in the proceedings of ``Dark Matter In Cosmology'' (Villars sur Ollon, Switzerland January 21-28, 1995)
Tobacco shoot regeneration from calli in temporary immersion culture for biosynthesis of heterologous biopharmaceuticals
Creators: name: Barretto, Sherwin Savio
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: ‘Molecular farming’, the use of transgenic plants to produce biopharmaceutical proteins is emerging as a new biotechnological paradigm. Transgenic plants offer several advantages over conventional microbial and mammalian cell host technologies. In particular, transplastomic plants, with transformed plastid genomes, are capable of massive expression of foreign proteins and represent a promising platform for biopharmaceutical synthesis. The main theme of this PhD thesis is the investigation of in vitro regeneration of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) shoots from callus tissue in temporary immersion (TI) culture for heterologous biopharmaceutical synthesis. There is special emphasis on subunit vaccine expression in transplastomic tobacco, in which foreign protein accumulation is correlated with chloroplast number and development during the organogenesis process. Studies using transplastomic N. tabacum expressing TetC (tetanus toxin fragment C) investigated the influence of several culture parameters on biomass regeneration and recombinant protein expression. The parameters investigated include medium nitrogen source ratio, sucrose concentration and hydrodynamics. These studies highlight the sensitivity of transplastomic protein yields to the culture microenvironment, and provide a starting point for further optimisation. Further studies demonstrated the feasibility of TI culture for biosynthesis of proteolytically-unstable transplastomic subunit vaccines, p24 (HIV antigen) and VP6 (rotavirus antigen). TI culture is also demonstrated as a means for nuclear expression of functional Guy’s 13 monoclonal antibody. Finally, the use of TI culture as the basis of novel technological innovations is investigated. This includes the demonstration of transplastomic protein expression in a prototype large-scale mechanical temporary immersion bioreactor. Encapsulation of callus aggregates in an alginate matrix for long-term germplasm preservation was trialled, prior to temporary immersion regeneration. Overall, this work presents a novel in vitro propagation method for the contained large-scale biosynthesis of biopharmaceutical proteins, as a potential alternative to conventional plant propagation platforms based on agricultural cultivation or cell suspension culture.
The Extragalactic Neutrino Background Radiations From Blazars and Cosmic Rays
Creators: name: Dar, Arnon
name: Shaviv, Nir J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Blazar emission of gamma rays and cosmic ray production of gamma rays in gas-rich clusters have been proposed recently as alternative sources of the high energy extragalactic diffuse gamma ray background radiation. We show that these sources also produce a very different high energy extragalactic diffuse neutrino background radiation. This neutrino background may be detected by the new generation of large neutrino telescopes under construction and may be used to trace the origin of the extragalactic gamma radiation.
description: Submitted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
The power spectrum in a strongly inhomogeneous Universe
Creators: name: Labini, Francesco Sylos
name: Amendola, Luca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A crucial issue in cosmology is the determination of the fluctuation power spectrum.The standard picture of the matter clustering, the Cold Dark Matter model (and its variant), assumes that,on scales smaller than a certain ``flattening scale'' $λ_f$, the power spectrum increases with the scale, while on much larger scales it decreases so to match the tiny fluctuations observed in the microwave background. The standard picture also assumes that, once a statistically homogeneous sample is reached, the power spectrum amplitude is fixed, and any major variation should be attributed to luminosity segregation. However, the determination of $λ_f$ and of the absolute amplitude, if any, is still matter of debate. In particular, there is no consensus on whether the turnaround has been detected or not, and on the actual importance of the luminosity segregation effect. We show that, due to the finiteness of the sample the standard analysis of self-similar (fractal) distributions yields a turnaround for scales close to the survey scale, and a systematic amplitude shift with the survey scale. We point out that both features, bending and scaling, are in agreement with recent determination of the power spectrum, in particular with the CfA2 spectrum. We remark that the standard power spectrum is not a well defined statistical tool to characterize the galaxy distribution when a homogeneity scale has not been reached. In order to perform an analysis that does not imply any a priori assumption one should study the PS of the density, rather than the PS of the density contrast.
description: 11 pages Latex file. 3 .ps figures are available by anonymous ftp in ftp://oarhp2.rm.astro.it/pub/amendola/ as psfig1.ps psfig2.ps and psfig3.ps
Explicit computation of some families of Hurwitz numbers
Creators: name: Petronio, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M12

description: We compute the number of (weak) equivalence classes of branched covers from a surface of genus g to the sphere, with 3 branching points, degree 2k, and local degrees over the branching points of the form (2,...,2), (2h+1,1,2,...,2), (d_1,...,d_m), for several values of g and h. We obtain explicit formulae of arithmetic nature in terms of the d_i's. Our proofs employ a combinatorial method based on Grothendieck's dessins d'enfant.
description: To appear in European Journal of Combinatorics (2018); 23 pages, 12 figures
Exact solutions of master equations for the analysis of gene transcription models
Creators: name: Dattani, Justine
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: This thesis is motivated by two associated obstacles we face for the solution and analysis of master equation models of gene transcription. First, the master equation – a differential-difference equation that describes the time evolution of the probability distribution of a discrete Markov process – is difficult to solve and few approaches for solution are known, particularly for non-stationary systems. Second, we lack a general framework for solving master equations that promotes explicit comprehension of how extrinsic processes and variation affect the system, and physical intuition for the solutions and their properties. We address the second obstacle by deriving the exact solution of the master equation under general time-dependent assumptions for transcription and degradation rates. With this analytical solution we obtain the general properties of a broad class of gene transcription models, within which solutions and properties of specific models may be placed and understood. Furthermore, there naturally emerges a decoupling of the discrete component of the solution, common to all transcription models of this kind, and the continuous, model-specific component that describes uncertainty of the parameters and extrinsic variation. Thus we also address the first obstacle, since to solve a model within this framework one needs only the probability density for the extrinsic component, which may be non-stationary. We detail its physical interpretations, and methods to calculate its probability density. Specific models are then addressed. In particular we solve for classes of multistate models, where the gene cycles stochastically between discrete states. We use the insights gained from these approaches to deduce properties of several other models. Finally, we introduce a quantitative characterisation of timescales for multistate models, to delineate “fast” and “slow” switching regimes. We have thus demonstrated the power of the obtained general solution for analytically predicting gene transcription in non-stationary conditions.
Nonrelativistic String Theory and T-Duality
Creators: name: Bergshoeff, Eric
name: Gomis, Jaume
name: Yan, Ziqi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nonrelativistic string theory in flat spacetime is described by a two-dimensional quantum field theory with a nonrelativistic global symmetry acting on the worldsheet fields. Nonrelativistic string theory is unitary, ultraviolet complete and has a string spectrum and spacetime S-matrix enjoying nonrelativistic symmetry. The worldsheet theory of nonrelativistic string theory is coupled to a curved spacetime background and to a Kalb-Ramond two-form and dilaton field. The appropriate spacetime geometry for nonrelativistic string theory is dubbed string Newton-Cartan geometry, which is distinct from Riemannian geometry. This defines the sigma model of nonrelativistic string theory describing strings propagating and interacting in curved background fields. We also implement T-duality transformations in the path integral of this sigma model and uncover the spacetime interpretation of T-duality. We show that T-duality along the longitudinal direction of the string Newton-Cartan geometry describes relativistic string theory on a Lorentzian geometry with a compact lightlike isometry, which is otherwise only defined by a subtle infinite boost limit. This relation provides a first principles definition of string theory in the discrete light cone quantization (DLCQ) in an arbitrary background, a quantization that appears in nonperturbative approaches to quantum field theory and string/M-theory, such as in Matrix theory. T-duality along a transverse direction of the string Newton-Cartan geometry equates nonrelativistic string theory in two distinct, T-dual backgrounds.
description: 26 pages; v2: minor clarifications, a reference added; v3: clarifications, references added, fixed typos
Ruellia repens Linnaeus 1767
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Acanthaceae
Ruellia
Ruellia repens

description: Ruellia repens Linnaeus, Systema Naturae, ed. 12, 2: 424; Mantissa Plantarum: 89. 1767.
"Habitat in India." RCN: 4618.
Lectotype (Hochreutiner in Candollea 5: 230. 1936): Herb. Linn. No. 804.18 (LINN).
Current name: Ruellia repens L. (Acanthaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 802, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
The lens parallax method: determining redshifts of faint blue galaxies through gravitational lensing
Creators: name: Bartelmann, Matthias
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new technique, which we call the lens parallax method, to determine simultaneously the redshift distribution of the faint blue galaxies and the mass distributions of foreground clusters of galaxies. The method is based on gravitational lensing and makes use of the following: (1) the amplitude of lensing-induced distortions of background galaxies increases with redshift; (2) the surface brightnesses of galaxies decrease steeply with redshift. The distortions of galaxy images due to lensing are thus expected to be inversely correlated with surface brightness, allowing us to obtain relative distances to galaxies as a function of surface brightness. If the redshifts of the brightest galaxies are measured, then the relative distance scale can be converted to mean galaxy redshifts as a function of surface brightness. Further, by comparing the angular sizes of lensed galaxies with those of similar galaxies in empty control fields, it is possible to break the so-called mass sheet degeneracy inherent to cluster mass reconstruction techniques which are based purely on image ellipticities. This allows an unambiguous determination of the surface density of a lensing cluster. We describe an iterative algorithm based on these ideas and present numerical simulations which show that the proposed techniques are feasible with a sample of ~ 10 rich clusters at moderate redshifts ~ 0.3-0.4 and an equal number of control fields. The numerical tests show that the method can be used to determine the redshifts of galaxies with an accuracy of dz ~ 0.1-0.2 at z ~ 1-1.7, and to measure the masses of lensing clusters to about 5% accuracy.
description: 31 pages, uuencoded compressed postscript file containing 10 figures, to be published in the Sep. 20 issue of ApJ
Towards Locating the Brightest Microlensing Events on the Sky
Creators: name: Nemiroff, Robert J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is estimated that a star brighter than visual magnitude 17 is undergoing a detectable gravitational microlensing event, somewhere on the sky, at any given time. It is assumed that both lenses and sources are normal stars drawn from a standard Bahcall-Soneira model of our Galaxy. Furthermore, over the time scale of a year, a star 15th magnitude or brighter should undergo a detectable gravitational lens amplification. Detecting and studying the microlensing event rate among the brightest 10$^8$ stars could yield a better understanding of Galactic stellar and dark matter distributions. Diligent tracking of bright microlensing events with even small telescopes might detect planets orbiting these stellar lenses.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, accepted by ApJ
The Fair Open Access Principles
Creators: name: FOAA
Publisher: name: Fair Open Access Alliance
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Article publication charges
subject: Open Access Publishing
subject: Open Access Publishing/economics
subject: Academic publishing
subject: Scholarly Communication
subject: Scholarly Communication/economics
subject: Fair Open Access Principles
subject: Diamond open access
subject: Fair open access
subject: Open Science

description: The Fair Open Access Principles, established by the Fair Open Access Alliance (FOAA), delineate five core criteria for truly open scholarly publishing. First, journals must be transparently owned and governed by the scholarly community—ideally as nonprofit entities with democratic decision‑making—ensuring service providers compete on quality without controlling the title. Second, authors retain copyright, and journals may offer legal support services under authors’ oversight; reviewers are likewise encouraged to keep copyright over their reports. Third, all content must be immediately open access under an explicit licence (preferably CC‑BY), with no subscription or hybrid paywalls. Fourth, neither submission nor publication may depend on author fees or institutional membership; instead, journals should be funded by untied institutional or funder contributions, allowing voluntary, unobtrusive article‑processing charges only on an opt‑in basis. Finally, any operational fees must be low, transparent, and proportional—recommended at no more than USD 50 per page or USD 1 000 per article.
Optimal operation of industrial compressor stations in systems with large energy consumption
Creators: name: Xenos, Dionysios
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The aim of the thesis is to study the optimal operation of compressor stations in systems with large energy consumption such as process systems and natural gas networks. Compressor stations include several compressors in parallel which usually account for the major part of the total energy consumed in the system. Therefore, the efficient operation and maintenance of the compressors could save energy, and reduce operational costs. The development of optimisation frameworks and optimisation models can determine the decisions which lead to the minimisation of costs operating compressor stations. The modelling of the behaviour of the compressors is also an important topic of the current PhD study. Different types of models should be used according to the level of optimisation level (online and real time, and offline), considering the available resources such as compressor maps or process data. The thesis developed a comprehensive real time optimisation framework which can reduce the power consumption of compressor stations compared to the case of operation with the existing industrial practices. The thesis also developed a mixed integer linear programming multi-period optimisation model to minimise total costs of the operation, for example electricity costs, and start up and shut down costs. Another contribution of the thesis is the integration of operation and maintenance of the compressors considering different types of maintenance activities such as major overhauls and the washing of compressors. For example, the proposed integrated framework can be used to generate the schedules of the online and offline washing of the compressors compared to existing approaches described by fixed periodical washing or washing when the degradation of the condition of the compressors has reached unacceptable limits. The optimisation frameworks was applied to two industrial case studies, namely one air separation plant involving a network of air compressors in BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany and one export natural gas compressor station operated by Statoil in Norway. The final chapters of the thesis discuss the contributions and assumptions of each method, and present potential new research areas deriving from the PhD study.
Characterisation of an anti-glycan monoclonal antibody against ovarian cancer
Creators: name: Choo, Sern Farh Matthew
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Ovarian cancer is a deadly disease that has been associated with changes in glycans. Therefore, anti-glycan monoclonal antibodies (mAb) have the potential to selectively kill or retard chemoresistant tumours. However, the interactions between mAb and glycan epitopes are difficult to characterise due to the specialised tools and expertise required. Recently, our group discovered mAb-A4, a novel mAb found to bind and kill hESC and multiple cancer types including OC but not normal cell lines. Further analysis revealed that mAb-A4 binding was glycan dependent. Thus, it was hypothesised that mAb-A4 was targeting an oncofetal glycan antigen specific to stem and OC cells versus normal cells. In this thesis, the mAb-A4 glycan antigen in OC cell lines was investigated by advanced high-sensitivity mass spectrometry (MS), enzymatic digestion, glycan microarray and siRNA knockdown. Importantly, a novel adaptation allowed the detailed characterisation of polylactosamine termini from OC cell lines by MS. MS detected Type 1 and H Type 1 glycans on OC cells, and their soluble forms could also block mAb-A4 binding to cells in flow cytometry and Western blot. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of B3GALT5 in SKOV3 demonstrated that the antigen was dependent on the Type 1 structure. It was concluded that mAb-A4 specifically recognises oncofetal Type 1 and H Type 1 on OC and hESC, and that this recognition was novel compared to other anti-H Type 1 mAbs such as anti-SSEA-5, 17-206, RAV12 and HESCA-2. Currently, the role of Type 1 and H Type 1 in OC is unknown, but these findings warrant further investigation into the purpose and prevalence of these glycan biomarkers in disease progression. The methods developed in this thesis enable the characterisation of additional anti-glycan mAbs and cancer cell lines, facilitating the discovery of novel biomarkers and therapies against cancer.
Quantum Communications via Satellite with Photon Subtraction
Creators: name: He, Mingjian
name: Malaney, Robert
name: Green, Jonathan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Gaussian continuous-variable quantum states represent a pivotal resource in many quantum information protocols. Production of such states can occur through photonic subtraction process either at the transmitter side prior to sending a state through the channel, or at the receiver side on receipt of a state that has traversed the channel. In the context of quantum protocols implemented over communication channels to and from Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites it is unclear what photonic subtraction set-up will provide for the best performance. In this work we show that for a popular version of continuous-variable Quantum Key Distribution between terrestrial stations and LEO satellites, photon subtraction at the transmitter side is the preferred set-up. Such a result is opposite to that found for fiber-based implementations. Our results have implications for all future space-based missions that seek to take advantage of the opportunities offered by non-Gaussian quantum states.
description: 6 Pages, 8 figures
The use of RAFT polymerisation in the synthesis of polymeric micelles for targeted drug delivery to macrophages
Creators: name: Montgomery, Kate Shaw
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: The aim of this project was to develop a series of polymeric micelle particles for application as selective drug delivery agents, specifically to tumour associated macrophages. In Chapter II RAFT polymerisation was applied to the synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers and the self assembly of polymers into micelle particles was subsequently studied under aqueous conditions. Since previous studies have shown that the size of the particle is crucial for selective phagocytosis by macrophages, a series of micelles of different sizes were prepared by altering the polymer composition and chain length. The size of the particles synthesised ranged from 15 nm to nearly 200 nm. In Chapter III conditions were developed to fluorescently label the micelles with rhodamine B to allow for tracking in vitro. Crosslinking conditions were also developed to increase micelle’s stability in vitro. A succinimide monomer was incorporated into the hydrophilic section of the polymer, once assembled the micelles were shell-crosslinked using a diamine linker. In Chapter IV cellular studies comparing macrophage and non-macrophage uptake were performed to determine promising candidates for selective drug delivery to macrophages. Micelles were successfully endocytosed by macrophages, however, it should be noted that micelles were also endocytosed by non-macrophage cells. Micelle size did not have an effect on endocytosis within the range tested but some micelles were endocytosed more than others. A fluorescent dye was encapsulated inside micelles so that the micelle and cargo could be independently tracked. The fluorescent dye was successfully delivered to cells. The reproducibility of results was analysed and the most promising candidate for drug delivery was identified.
Genome-wide DNA methylation in chronic myeloid leukaemia
Creators: name: Bazeos, Alexandra
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Epigenetic alterations occur frequently in leukaemia and might account for differences in clinical phenotype and response to treatment. Despite the consistent presence of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene in Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), the clinical course of patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) is heterogeneous. This might be due to differing DNA methylation profiles between patients. Therefore, a validated, epigenome-wide survey in CML CD34+ progenitor cells was performed in newly diagnosed chronic phase patients using array-based DNA methylation and gene expression profiling. In practice, the CML DNA methylation signature was remarkably homogeneous; it differed from CD34+ cells of normal persons and did not correlate with an individual patient’s response to TKI therapy. Using a meta-analysis tool it was possible to demonstrate that this signature was highly enriched for developmentally dynamic regions of the human methylome and represents a combination of CML-unique, myeloid leukemia-specific and pan-cancer sub-signatures. The CML profile involved aberrantly methylated genes in signaling pathways already implicated in CML leukaemogenesis, including TGF-beta, Wnt, Jak-STAT and MAPK. Furthermore, a core set of differentially methylated promoters were identified that likely have a role in modulating gene expression levels. In conclusion, the findings are consistent with the notion that CML starts with the acquisition of a BCR-ABL1 fusion gene by a haematopoietic stem cell, which then either causes or cooperates with a series of DNA methylation changes that are specific for CML.
title: ADCO, Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.2 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Cart. 167 (11 H 67), f. 0070r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2010
name: Petot, Frédéric
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris
subject: cartulaire

description: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.2 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 167 (11 H 67), f. 0070r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire de l'abbaye de Cîteaux dit Cartulare Antiquum t.2 (2e moitié XIIIe siècle), Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 167 (11 H 67), f. 0070r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
MOESM1 of Variation of volcanic gas composition during the eruptive period in 2014â 2015 at Nakadake crater, Aso volcano, Japan
Creators: name: Shinohara, Hiroshi
name: Yokoo, Akihiko
name: Kazahaya, Ryunosuke
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Variation of plume gas concentrations measured by Multi-GAS during the eruptive period. The measurement date and sequence are shown on the top left.
The Discovery of a Short Period Double-Degenerate Binary Star
Creators: name: Marsh, T. R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have found that the white dwarf PG 1101+364 is a double-lined white dwarf/white dwarf binary with an orbital period of 3.47 hours. PG 1101+364 is the shortest period detached double-degenerate yet found and gravitational radiation will cause it to merge in 2.5 X 10**9 years. PG 1101+364 has a mass ratio of 0.87 +/- 0.03. From the relative strengths of the narrow core of Halpha, the lighter and therefore larger star appears to contribute more of the light by an amount that indicates almost equal temperatures for the two stars. We chose to observe PG 1101+364 on the basis of its low spectroscopic mass (0.31 Msun), and the discovery of its binary nature confirms the belief that binary evolution is required to produce such low mass white dwarfs. The radial velocity semi-amplitudes (69.7 +/- 1.7 km/s and 80.3 +/- 1.6 km/s) and the spectroscopic mass show that we see the orbit of PG 1101+364 at a low inclination of ~ 25 deg.
description: MNRAS pink pages in press. 5 pages including figures, uuencoded compressed PostScript
Spectral universality of strong shocks accelerating charged particles
Creators: name: Malkov, M. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a rule, the shock compression controls the spectrum of diffusively accelerated particles. We argue that this is not so if the backreaction of these particles on the shock structure is significant. We present a self-similar solution in which the accelerated particles change the flow structure near the shock so strongly that the total shock compression may become arbitrarily large. Despite this, the energy spectrum behind the shock is close to E^{-3/2} independently of anything at all.
description: Submitted to ApJL, 4 pages, 1 figure, uses revtex and boxedeps
Ruellia repanda Linnaeus 1763
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Acanthaceae
Ruellia
Ruellia repanda

description: Ruellia repanda Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, ed. 2, 2: 886. 1763.
"Habitat in Java." RCN: 4615.
Type not designated.
Original material: Herb. Linn. No. 804.12 (LINN); [icon] in Rumphius, Herb. Amboin. 6: 30, t. 13, f. B. 1750.
Current name: Ruellia repanda L. (Acanthaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 802, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Cosmic density and velocity fields in Lagrangian perturbation theory
Creators: name: Susperregi, Mikel
name: Buchert, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A first- and second-order relation between cosmic density and peculiar-velocity fields is presented. The calculation is purely Lagrangian and it is derived using the second-order solutions of the Lagrange-Newton system obtained by Buchert & Ehlers. The procedure is applied to two particular solutions given generic initial conditions. In this approach, the continuity equation yields a relation between the over-density and peculiar-velocity fields that automatically satisfies Euler's equation because the orbits are derived from the Lagrange-Newton system. This scheme generalizes some results obtained by Nusser et al. (1991) in the context of the Zel'dovich approximation. As opposed to several other reconstruction schemes, in this approach it is not necessary to truncate the expansion of the Jacobian given by the continuity equation in order to calculate a first- or second-order expression for the density field. In these previous schemes, the density contrast given by (a) the continuity equation and (b) Euler's equation are mutually incompatible. This inconsistency arises as a consequence of an improper handling of Lagrangian and Eulerian coordinates in the analysis. Here, we take into account the fact that an exact calculation of the density is feasible in the Lagrangian picture and therefore an accurate and consistent description is obtained.
description: LaTeX2e 10 pages, uses aa.cls
The thick disc of the Galaxy: Sequel of a merging event
Creators: name: Robin, Annie C.
name: Haywood, Misha
name: Crézé
name: Ojha, Devendra K.
name: Bienaymé, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate characterization of thick disc properties from recent kinematic and photometric surveys provides converging evidences that this intermediate population is a sequel of the violent heating of early disc populations by a merging satellite galaxy. The thick disc population is revisited under the light of new data in a number of galactic sample fields. Various thick disc hypotheses are fitted to observational data through a maximum likelihood technique. The resulting characteristics of the thick disc are the following : a scale height of 760 $\pm$ 50 pc, with a local density of 5.6 $\pm$ 1 \% of the thin disc. The scale length is constrained to be 2.8 $\pm$ 0.8 kpc, well in agreement with the disc scale length (2.5 $\pm$ 0.3 kpc). The mean metallicity of the thick disc is found to be -0.7 $\pm$ 0.2 dex, with no {significant} metallicity gradients. These photometric constraints in combination with kinematic data give new constraints on the thick disc formation. We show that thick disc characteristics are {hardly compatible with a top-down formation scenario} but fully compatible with a violent merging event arising at the early thin disc life time as described by Quinn, Hernquist \& Fullagar (1993).
description: 8 pages, latex, 6 postcript figures available by ftp at ftp://ftp.obs-besancon.fr/pub/outgoing/annie/ as thd-fig*.ps
Non-saturating large magnetoresistance in semimetals
Creators: name: Leahy, Ian A.
name: Lin, Yu-Ping
name: Siegfried, Peter E.
name: Treglia, Andrew C.
name: Song, Justin C. W.
name: Nandkishore, Rahul M.
name: Lee, Minhyea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The rapidly expanding class of quantum materials known as {\emph{topological semimetals}} (TSM) display unique transport properties, including a striking dependence of resistivity on applied magnetic field, that are of great interest for both scientific and technological reasons. However, experimental signatures that can identify or discern the dominant mechanism and connect to available theories are scarce. Here we present the magnetic susceptibility ($χ$), the tangent of the Hall angle ($\tanθ_H$) along with magnetoresistance in four different non-magnetic semimetals with high mobilities, NbP, TaP, NbSb$_2$ and TaSb$_2$, all of which exhibit non-saturating large MR. We find that the distinctly different temperature dependences, $χ(T)$ and the values of $\tanθ_H$ in phosphides and antimonates serve as empirical criteria to sort the MR from different origins: NbP and TaP being uncompensated semimetals with linear dispersion, in which the non-saturating magnetoresistance arises due to guiding center motion, while NbSb$_2$ and TaSb$_2$ being {\it compensated} semimetals, with a magnetoresistance emerging from nearly perfect charge compensation of two quadratic bands. Our results illustrate how a combination of magnetotransport and susceptibility measurements may be used to categorize the increasingly ubiquitous non-saturating large magnetoresistance in TSMs.
description: Accepted for publication at Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., minor revisions, 6 figures
Gravitational Microlensing by Globular Clusters
Creators: name: Jetzer, P.
name: Strässle, M.
name: Wandeler, U.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stars in globular clusters can act either as sources for MACHOs (Massive Astrophysical Compact Halo Objects) located along the line of sight or as lenses for more distant background stars. Although the expected rate of microlensing events is small, such observations can lead to very useful results. In particular, one could get information on the shape of the galactic halo along different lines of sight, allowing to better constrain its total dark matter content. Moreover, on can also infer the total dark matter content of globular clusters, which is presently not well known. To this latter purpose, we analyse the microlensing events towards the galactic bulge, which lie close to the three globular clusters NGC 6522, NGC 6528 and NGC 6540. We find evidence that some microlensing events are indeed due to MACHOs located in the globular clusters, suggesting, therefore, that these clusters contain a significant amount of dark matter.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures included. Accepted for publication in A & A
Hygrophila ringens Steud.
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Lamiales
Acanthaceae
Hygrophila
Hygrophila ringens

description: Ruellia ringens Linnaeus, Species Plantarum 2: 635. 1753.
"Habitat in India." RCN: 4616.
Lectotype (Hansen in Nicolson & al., Interpret. Van Rheede’s Hort. Malab.: 40. 1988): Herb. Linn. No. 804.13 (LINN).
Current name: Hygrophila ringens (L.) R. Br. ex Steud. (Acanthaceae).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 802, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971