Liogenys bidenticeps Moser 1919
Creators: name: Cherman, Mariana Alejandra
name: Basílio, Daniel Silva
name: Mise, Kleber Makoto
name: Frisch, Johannes
name: Almeida, Lúcia Massutti De
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Melolonthidae
Liogenys
Liogenys bidenticeps

description: Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919
Fig. 1.
Liogenys bidenticeps Moser, 1919: 13; Blackwelder 1944: 227; (checklist), Frey 1969: 43 (key); Evans 2003: 207 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2009: 175 (checklist); Cherman et al. 2011: 620 (immatures key); Krajčík 2012: 144 (checklist); Cherman et al. 2013: 273, 277 (natural history); Cherman et al. 2014a: 285 (natural history); Rodrigues et al. 2014: 235–238 (natural history); Cherman et al. 2016: 759 (systematics); Cherman et al. 2017: 26 (redescription); Rodrigues et al. 2017: 339–348 (immatures description, adult natural history).
Liogenys bicuspis Moser, 1919: 14; Blackwelder 1944: 227; (checklist), Frey 1969: 43 (key); Evans 2003: 207 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2009: 175 (checklist); Krajčík 2012: 144 (checklist); Cherman et al. 2017: 26 (synonymy).
Liogenys ophtalmicus Frey, 1973: 256; Krajčík 2012: 145 (checklist); Cherman et al. 2017: 5 (generic history). New synonym.
Liogenys opthalmica [sic]: Evans 2003: 212 (checklist); Evans & Smith 2009: 180 (checklist).
Type material. Types of Liogenys bidenticeps (male lectotype and three paralectotypes; ZMHB) and of Liogenys bicuspis (male lectotype and one paralectotype; ZMHB) were discussed in Cherman et al. (2017).
Liogenys ophtalmicus male holotype (CASC) bearing the labels: [white typeset] “Ipane River / Chaco, Par / A. Schulze”, [white typeset] “L.W. Saylor / Collection”, [white, typeset and handwritten] “ California Academy / of Sciences / Type / No. 11816”, [red, typeset and handwritten] “Type / G. Frey 1973 / Liogenys / ophtalmicus”, genitalia mounted. Paratypes (1) (NHMB) with the labels: [white typeset] “Ipane River / Chaco, Par / A. Schulze”, [white typeset] “L.W. Saylor / Collection”, [white, red typeset] “Leech”, [red, typeset and handwritten] “ Paratype / G. Frey 1973 / Liogenys / ophtalmicus / male”, “♂”, genitalia mounted.
Diagnosis and redescription. See Cherman et al. (2017).
Type locality. Liogenys bidenticeps: BRAZIL, S„o Paulo; L. bicuspis: BRAZIL, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso; L. ophtalmicus: PARAGUAY, Chaco, Río Ypané [natural border between Concepción and San Pedro departments].
Geographical distribution. BRAZIL (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Bahia, S„o Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul); PARAGUAY (Concepción, San Pedro, Itapúa); ARGENTINA (Formosa, Catamarca, Santiago del Estero).
Remarks. The holotype and paratype of L. ophtalmica, at CASC and NHMB, respectively, were studied. Frey (1973) stated and drew the “extraordinary shape of the head” and the “eyes exceedingly large, with distance between them less than one half the diameter of the eye”, and we verified these features on both type specimens. Surprisingly, the author did not recognize that the two type specimens, from the same collection event, bear a teratologic head (Fig. 1 A–B). In the case of the holotype, the canthus is absent, so the insertion of the antennae is exposed (Fig. 1A). In the paratype, a palp-like flagellum grew from the scape of the right antennae (Fig. 1G, J). Besides the abnormal head, most of external body features are not teratological, although the body is dorsoventrally flattened and the legs more slender than B. bidenticeps. We conclude that L. bidenticeps and L. ophtalmica are synonyms principally based on the parameres (Fig. 1L, M), which are an exact match.
description: Published as part of Cherman, Mariana Alejandra, Basílio, Daniel Silva, Mise, Kleber Makoto, Frisch, Johannes & Almeida, Lúcia Massutti De, 2021, Liogenys Guérin-Méneville, 1831 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae Diplotaxini) from the Chacoan Province and its boundaries: taxonomic overview with four new species, pp. 1-59 in Zootaxa 4938 (1) on pages 4-6, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4938.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4561258