cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Analysis of plant-derived compounds potentially inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication enzymes: bioinformatics approach and in silico study
Creators: name: Nguyen-Chi, Cong
name: Nguyen-Thi-Thuy, An
name: Pham-Thi-Thuy, Linh
name: Van Hoang-Thi,
name: Hai-Hai, Anh
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Angelica dahurica, Cyperus rotundus, bioactive plant-derived compounds, traditional medicine plant, SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor

description: Abstract: COVID-19 is emerging disease in the last 2 years as a causation of global pandemic which impacts severely for public health and socioeconomics. Developing effective therapeutics toward COVID-19 treatment is urgently needed along side with preventive measures. Angelica dahurica and Cyperus rotundus are highly valuable Vietnamese traditional medicine plants, have been using in community healthcare for a long time. This study, we used databases of bioinformatics for assessing the list of bioactive compounds extractable from these plants and analyzed for the potential bio-targets through Gene Ontology enrichment technique. The pathway analysis was conducted for the selected bioactive compounds involved into the COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 proteins required for viral replication were subjected to investigate the possible intermolecular interaction of binding energy as ligand and stability of the ligand-protein complex by molecular dynamics simulation. Result of Gene Ontology analysis showed that 2 herbs are involved in many biological processes, including inflammatory response. Result of pathway analysis revealed that the pharmacological effect of Angelica dahurica and Cyperus rotundus are potentially involved into several steps of cytokine-induced inflammation and cytokine-amplification pathways in the context of COVID-19. Our docking and simulation data suggested that, Alloisoimperatorin derived from Angelica dahurica  has strong binding affinity to form stable complex with main protease 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially inhibits this enzyme. Active ingredient of Cyperus rotundus, Isodalbergin also has potential to inhibit Papain-like protease (PLpro) of SAR-CoV-2 by binding on the active site to form a complex that maintain stably in our simulation condition. In summary, our study suggested the significance of Angelica dahurica and Cyperus rotundus for use in traditional therapeutics that may appropriate for supportive treatment for COVID-19 patient. In addition, data from in silico investigation can be used for further drug design for SARS-CoV-2 protease inhibitor that may develop into specific drug for this disease in the future.
Relations Between Work and Entropy Production for General Information-Driven, Finite-State Engines
Creators: name: Merhav, Neri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider a system model of a general finite-state machine (ratchet) that simultaneously interacts with three kinds of reservoirs: a heat reservoir, a work reservoir, and an information reservoir, the latter being taken to be a running digital tape whose symbols interact sequentially with the machine. As has been shown in earlier work, this finite-state machine can act as a demon (with memory), which creates a net flow of energy from the heat reservoir into the work reservoir (thus extracting useful work) at the price of increasing the entropy of the information reservoir. Under very few assumptions, we propose a simple derivation of a family of inequalities that relate the work extraction with the entropy production. These inequalities can be seen as either upper bounds on the extractable work or as lower bounds on the entropy production, depending on the point of view. Many of these bounds are relatively easy to calculate and they are tight in the sense that equality can be approached arbitrarily closely. In their basic forms, these inequalities are applicable to any finite number of cycles (and not only asymptotically), and for a general input information sequence (possibly correlated), which is not necessarily assumed even stationary. Several known results are obtained as special cases.
description: 18 pages, 2 figures, submitted for publication
Rationality of vertex operator superalgebras with rational conformal weights
Creators: name: Lin, Xingjun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: For the affine vertex algebra $V_k(\mathfrak{g})$ at an admissible level $k$ of $\hat{\mathfrak{g}}$, we prove that certain subcategory of weak $V_k(\mathfrak{g})$-module category is semisimple. As a consequence, we show that $V_k(\mathfrak{g})$ is rational with respect to a family of Virasoro elements. We also prove that certain affine vertex operator superalgebras and minimal $W$-algebras are rational with respect to a family of Virasoro elements.
description: 30 pages
The out-of-plane magnetoresistance in a Van der Waals thin film of WTe2
Creators: name: Liu, Y. S.
name: Xiao, H.
name: Zhang, C.
name: Zhang, C. W.
name: Shi, Y. G.
name: Hu, T.
name: Schneider, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the magneto-transport measurements of thin film devices of the topological Weyl semimetal WTe2 with the applied current along and vertical to the in-plane directions. The device is composed of a Van der Waals thin film of WTe2 sandwiched between top and bottom Au electrodes.At low temperatures, we found a large unsaturated in-plane magnetoresistance and a saturated out-of-plane magnetoresistance when the external magnetic fields are applied perpendicular to the plane. By analysis of Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, one oscillation peak is found in the out-of-plane magnetoresistance, in contrast to four oscillation peaks in the in-plane magnetoresistance.Our work provides new insight into the origin of the unsaturated magnetoresistance in WTe2 and may inspire non-planar engineering to reach higher integration in spintronics.
DFT Simulations of Inter-Graphene-Layer Coupling with Rotationally Misaligned hBN Tunnel Barriers in Graphene/hBN/Graphene Tunnel FETs
Creators: name: Valsaraj, Amithraj
name: Register, Leonard F.
name: Tutuc, Emanuel
name: Banerjee, Sanjay K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Van der Waal's heterostrucutures allow for novel devices such as two-dimensional-to-two-dimensional tunnel devices, exemplified by interlayer tunnel FETs. These devices employ channel/tunnel-barrier/channel geometries. However, during layer-by-layer exfoliation of these multi-layer materials, rotational misalignment is the norm and may substantially affect device characteristics. In this work, by using density functional theory methods, we consider a reduction in tunneling due to weakened coupling across the rotationally misaligned interface between the channel layers and the tunnel barrier. As a prototypical system, we simulate the effects of rotational misalignment of the tunnel barrier layer between aligned channel layers in a graphene/hBN/graphene system. We find that rotational misalignment between the channel layers and the tunnel barrier in this van der Waal's heterostructure can significantly reduce coupling between the channels by reducing, specifically, coupling across the interface between the channels and the tunnel barrier. This weakened coupling in graphene/hBN/graphene with hBN misalignment may be relevant to all such van der Waal's heterostructures.
description: 12 pages, 7 figures
title: Современные физкультурно-оздоровительные технологии (высокоинтенсивные интервальные тренировки)
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: В учебном пособии автором раскрываются биологические и физиологические аспекты высокоинтенсивных интервальных тренировок. Целью издания является методическое сопровождение самостоятельной индивидуальной работы студентов по поддержанию должного уровня физической подготовленности для обеспечения полноценной социальной и профессиональной деятельности, сохранения и укрепления здоровья. Подготовлено с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, обучающихся по укрупненным группам специальностей и направлений подготовки «Образование и педагогические науки», «Физическая культура и спорт», изучающих такие дисциплины, как «Физическая культура и спорт», «Современные физкультурно-оздоровительные технологии», «Теория и методика физической культуры и спорта», а также элективные дисциплины по физической культуре и спорту. Будет полезно преподавателям вузов и специалистам по физической культуре.
Symmetry Resolved Entanglement of Excited States in Quantum Field Theory III: Bosonic and Fermionic Negativity
Creators: name: Capizzi, Luca
name: Mazzoni, Michele
name: Castro-Alvaredo, Olalla A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In two recent works, we studied the symmetry resolved Rényi entropies of quasi-particle excited states in quantum field theory. We found that the entropies display many model-independent features which we discussed and analytically characterised. In this paper we extend this line of investigation by providing analytical and numerical evidence that a similar universal behavior arises for the symmetry resolved negativity. In particular, we compute the ratio of charged moments of the partially transposed reduced density matrix as an expectation value of twist operators. These are ``fused" versions of the more traditionally used branch point twist fields and were introduced in a previous work. The use of twist operators allows us to perform the computation in an arbitrary number of spacial dimensions. We show that, in the large-volume limit, only the commutation relations between the twist operators and local fields matter, and computations reduce to a purely combinatorial problem. We address some specific issues regarding fermionic excitations, whose treatment requires the notion of partial time-reversal transformation, and we discuss the differences and analogies with their bosonic counterpart. We find that although the operation of partial transposition requires a redefinition for fermionic theories, the ratio of the negativity moments between an excited state and the ground state is universal and identical for fermions and bosons as well as for a large variety of very different states, ranging from simple qubit states to the excited states of free quantum field theories. Our predictions are tested numerically on a 1D Fermi chain.
description: References added
Supplementary Information from Angular reproduction numbers improve estimates of transmissibility when disease generation times are misspecified or time-varying
Creators: name: Parag, Kris V.
name: Cowling, Benjamin J.
name: Lambert, Ben C.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: Epidemiology
subject: Computational Biology

description: We provide additional analyses comparing angular reproduction numbers against other threshold statistics that can be derived from growth rates under common generation time distributions. These show the reduced bias of our approach and the relative robustness to window size choices. We also provide some mathematical analyses of the conditions necessary for inversion to occur i.e., conditions for when the ranking of growth rates and reproduction numbers change due to interventions for different variants.
Inverse design of optical pulse shapes for time-varying photonics
Creators: name: Baxter, Joshua
name: Ramunno, Lora
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There has been an explosion of interest in time-varying photonics due to the recent discovery and design of materials and metamaterials with strong, time-varying, nonlinear optical responses. This opens the door to novel optical phenomena including reciprocity breaking, frequency translation, and amplification that can be enhanced by optimizing the light-matter interaction. Although there has been recent interest in applying topology-based inverse design to this problem, we have decided to take a more novel approach. In this article, we will introduce a method for the inverse design of optical pulse shapes to enhance their interaction with time-varying media. We test our objective-first approach by maximizing the transmittance of optical pulses of equal intensity through time-varying media. Indeed, without requiring a change in pulse energy, we demonstrate large, broadband enhancements in the pulse energy transmission through the thin-films, including gain. Our final test includes maximizing pulse transmission through indium tin oxide, a time-varying medium when strongly pumped in its ENZ band. Through this work, we hope to inspire exploration of this new degree of freedom.
Positivity Bounds on Higgs-Portal Dark Matter
Creators: name: Kim, Seong-Sik
name: Lee, Hyun Min
name: Yamashita, Kimiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the positivity bounds for WIMP scalar dark matter with effective Higgs-portal couplings up to dimension-8 operators. Taking the superposed states for Standard Model Higgs and scalar dark matter, we show that the part of the parameter space for the effective couplings, otherwise unconstrained by phenomenological bounds, is ruled out by the positivity bounds on the dimension-8 derivative operators. We find that dark matter relic density, direct and indirect detection and LHC constraints are complementary to the positivity bounds in constraining the effective Higgs-portal couplings. In the effective theory obtained from massive graviton or radion, there appears a correlation between dimension-8 operators and other effective Higgs-portal couplings for which the strong constraint from direct detection can be evaded. Nailing down the parameter space mainly by relic density, direct detection and positivity bounds, we find that there are observable cosmic ray signals coming from the dark matter annihilations into a pair of Higgs bosons, $WW$ or $ZZ$.
description: 31 pages, 6 figures, v2: one-loop corrections to the positivity bounds added, version to be published in JHEP
SAVOIRS_INDIGENES_ET_ENDOGENES
Creators: name: EDORH, Viwanou
name: HAZOU, Kpatcha
name: TCHETA, Bidabi
Publisher: name: ENFPE
Year: 2024
Subjects: AGRICULTURE

description: APPROCHE INTERDISCIPLINAIRE: LE COURS SUR L'AGRICULTURE QUI INCLUT DES METHODES TRADITIONNELLES METTANT L'ACCENT SUR LA DURABILITE.
Lattice Model For The Quantum Anomalous Hall Effect in Moiré Graphene
Creators: name: Khalifa, Ahmed
name: Murthy, Ganpathy
name: Kaul, Ribhu K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Inspired by experiments on magic angle twisted bilayer graphene, we present a lattice mean-field model for the quantum anomalous Hall effect in a moiré setting. Our hopping model thus provides a simple route to a moiré Chern insulator in commensurately twisted models. We present a study of our model in the ribbon geometry, in which we demonstrate the presence of thick chiral edge states that have a transverse localization that scales with the moiré lattice spacing. We also study the electronic structure of a domain wall between opposite Chern insulators. Our model and results are relevant to experiments that will image or manipulate the moiré quantum anomalous Hall edge states.
Contribution of Neutron Star Mergers to the R-process Chemical Evolution in the Hierarchical Galaxy Formation
Creators: name: Komiya, Yutaka
name: Shigeyama, Toshikazu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The main astronomical source of r-process elements has not yet been identified. One plausible site is neutron star mergers (NSMs), but from perspective of the Galactic chemical evolution, it has been pointed out that NSMs cannot reproduce the observed r-process abundance distribution of metal-poor stars at [Fe/H] $< -3$. Recently, Tsujimoto & Shigeyama (2014) pointed out that NSM ejecta can spread into much larger volume than ejecta from a supernova. We re-examine the enrichment of r-process elements by NSMs considering this difference in propagation using the chemical evolution model under the hierarchical galaxy formation. The observed r-process enhanced stars around [Fe/H] $\sim -3$ are reproduced if the star formation efficiency is lower for low-mass galaxies under a realistic delay time distribution for NSMs. We show that a significant fraction of NSM ejecta escape from its host proto-galaxy to pollute intergalactic matter and other proto-galaxies. The propagation of r-process elements over proto-galaxies changes the abundance distribution at [Fe/H] $< -3$ and obtains distribution compatible with observations of the Milky Way halo stars. In particular, the pre-enrichment of intergalactic medium explains the observed scarcity of EMP stars without Ba and abundance distribution of r-process elements at [Fe/H] $\lesssim -3.5$.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, ApJ accepted
Domain wall annihilation -- a QFT perspective
Creators: name: Pujolas, Oriol
name: Zahariade, George
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Domain wall networks in the early universe, formed upon spontaneous breaking of a discrete symmetry, have a rich impact on cosmology. Yet, they remain somewhat unexplored. We introduce a new analytic strategy to understand better the domain wall epoch, from formation to annihilation. Our method includes a quantum field theoretical treatment of the initial state at domain wall formation, as well as of the time evolution. We find that the domain wall area density for a network with biased initial condition in $d+1$ dimensional flat spacetime evolves as $t^{-1/2}\,\exp\big(- (t/t_{ann})^{d/2}\big)$. We comment on the relation between this and previous results obtained in condensed matter and in cosmology. The extrapolation of this law to an expanding universe applies to networks that are close to the domain wall `gas' limit.
description: 14 pages, 5 figures; added references in version 2; corrected a typesetting error in version 3
Multilingual Visual Sentiment Concept Matching
Creators: name: Pappas, Nikolaos
name: Redi, Miriam
name: Topkara, Mercan
name: Jou, Brendan
name: Liu, Hongyi
name: Chen, Tao
name: Chang, Shih-Fu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Multimedia (cs.MM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The impact of culture in visual emotion perception has recently captured the attention of multimedia research. In this study, we pro- vide powerful computational linguistics tools to explore, retrieve and browse a dataset of 16K multilingual affective visual concepts and 7.3M Flickr images. First, we design an effective crowdsourc- ing experiment to collect human judgements of sentiment connected to the visual concepts. We then use word embeddings to repre- sent these concepts in a low dimensional vector space, allowing us to expand the meaning around concepts, and thus enabling insight about commonalities and differences among different languages. We compare a variety of concept representations through a novel evaluation task based on the notion of visual semantic relatedness. Based on these representations, we design clustering schemes to group multilingual visual concepts, and evaluate them with novel metrics based on the crowdsourced sentiment annotations as well as visual semantic relatedness. The proposed clustering framework enables us to analyze the full multilingual dataset in-depth and also show an application on a facial data subset, exploring cultural in- sights of portrait-related affective visual concepts.
title: Организация вахтенной службы в машинном отделении
Creators: name: ELS IPR BOOKS
Publisher: name: Ай Пи Ар Медиа
Year: 2023

description: Практикум содержит учебные адаптированные тексты на английском языке с элементами профессиональной направленности и комплексом лексико-грамматических упражнений, которые подготовят обучающихся к профессиональному общению на английском языке в ситуациях, связанных с прибытием на иностранное судно, вступлением в должность, принятием своего заведования, процессом приема-передачи вахты и выполнением предписанных обязанностей по несению вахты в машинном отделении. Подготовлен с учетом требований Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования. Практикум предназначен для студентов, обучающихся по укрупненной группе специальностей и направлений подготовки «Техника и технологии кораблестроения и водного транспорта», изучающих дисциплину «Иностранный язык (английский)», и может быть использован для подготовки к профессиональному общению по вопросам несения вахты в машинном отделении. Также будет полезен для тех, кто намерен совершенствовать свои коммуникативные навыки и профессиональные знания, необходимые для успешной работы в море.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Two-Season ACTPol Spectra and Parameters
Creators: name: Louis, Thibaut
name: Grace, Emily
name: Hasselfield, Matthew
name: Lungu, Marius
name: Maurin, Loïc
name: Addison, Graeme E.
name: Ade, Peter A. R.
name: Aiola, Simone
name: Allison, Rupert
name: Amiri, Mandana
name: Angile, Elio
name: Battaglia, Nicholas
name: Beall, James A.
name: de Bernardis, Francesco
name: Bond, J. Richard
name: Britton, Joe
name: Calabrese, Erminia
name: Cho, Hsiao-mei
name: Choi, Steve K.
name: Coughlin, Kevin
name: Crichton, Devin
name: Crowley, Kevin
name: Datta, Rahul
name: Devlin, Mark J.
name: Dicker, Simon R.
name: Dunkley, Joanna
name: Dünner, Rolando
name: Ferraro, Simone
name: Fox, Anna E.
name: Gallardo, Patricio
name: Gralla, Megan
name: Halpern, Mark
name: Henderson, Shawn
name: Hill, J. Colin
name: Hilton, Gene C.
name: Hilton, Matt
name: Hincks, Adam D.
name: Hlozek, Renée
name: Ho, S. P. Patty
name: Huang, Zhiqi
name: Hubmayr, Johannes
name: Huffenberger, Kevin M.
name: Hughes, John P.
name: Infante, Leopoldo
name: Irwin, Kent
name: Kasanda, Simon Muya
name: Klein, Jeff
name: Koopman, Brian
name: Kosowsky, Arthur
name: Li, Dale
name: Madhavacheril, Mathew
name: Marriage, Tobias A.
name: McMahon, Jeff
name: Menanteau, Felipe
name: Moodley, Kavilan
name: Munson, Charles
name: Naess, Sigurd
name: Nati, Federico
name: Newburgh, Laura
name: Nibarger, John
name: Niemack, Michael D.
name: Nolta, Michael R.
name: Nuñez, Carolina
name: Page, Lyman A.
name: Pappas, Christine
name: Partridge, Bruce
name: Rojas, Felipe
name: Schaan, Emmanuel
name: Schmitt, Benjamin L.
name: Sehgal, Neelima
name: Sherwin, Blake D.
name: Sievers, Jon
name: Simon, Sara
name: Spergel, David N.
name: Staggs, Suzanne T.
name: Switzer, Eric R.
name: Thornton, Robert
name: Trac, Hy
name: Treu, Jesse
name: Tucker, Carole
name: Van Engelen, Alexander
name: Ward, Jonathan T.
name: Wollack, Edward J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the temperature and polarization angular power spectra measured by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Polarimeter (ACTPol). We analyze night-time data collected during 2013-14 using two detector arrays at 149 GHz, from 548 deg$^2$ of sky on the celestial equator. We use these spectra, and the spectra measured with the MBAC camera on ACT from 2008-10, in combination with Planck and WMAP data to estimate cosmological parameters from the temperature, polarization, and temperature-polarization cross-correlations. We find the new ACTPol data to be consistent with the LCDM model. The ACTPol temperature-polarization cross-spectrum now provides stronger constraints on multiple parameters than the ACTPol temperature spectrum, including the baryon density, the acoustic peak angular scale, and the derived Hubble constant. Adding the new data to planck temperature data tightens the limits on damping tail parameters, for example reducing the joint uncertainty on the number of neutrino species and the primordial helium fraction by 20%.
description: 23 pages, 25 figures
Supplementary Materials for Mitochondrial uniparental inheritance achieved after fertilization challenges the nuclear-cytoplasmic conflict hypothesis for anisogamy evolution
Creators: name: Togashi, Tatsuya
name: Parker, Geoff A.
name: Horinouchi, Yusuke
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Animal Behaviour

description: Table S1. Mitochondria PCR-PFLP marker candidates of M. angicava. Table S2. The pattern of mitochondria inheritance in offspring sporophytes of M. angicava revealed by different PCR-RFLP markers. M: maternal inheritance. -: not examined (paternal and maternal mitochondria had the same haplotype, see tables 1 and 2). The samples were fixed 21 days and later post-fertilization. Table S3. Nucleotide at SNP positions of mitochondria in parental gametophytes and offspring sporophytes of M. angicava. -: no data. Figure S1. Mitochondrial genome of M. angicava. Circular mitochondrial genome in MA060316B-mg strain (male), which contains mitochondrion-specific genes (e.g., cytochrome c oxidase). The inner circle shows the positions of the single nucleotide polymorphisms used as the PCR-RFLP markers in this study. Figure S2. Mitochondrial genomes detected in field isolates of (n = 22). Black and grey are used to indicate allelic variants corresponding to parent genomes (aM and cM). Figure S3. Development of zygotes. (a) A quadriflagellate zygote immediately after fertilization (0 h). (b) A heart-shaped zygote 1 h after fertilization. (c) A spherical zygote 6 h after fertilization. (d) A zygote 12 h after fertilization. (e) A zygote that retains four flagella 24 h after fertilization. (f) A zygote that lost flagella 72 h after fertilization. (g) A unicellular sporophyte developed from a zygote 7 days after fertilization. (h) A growing sporophyte 14 days after fertilization. (i) A grown sporophyte 21 days after fertilization. Arrows indicate vacuoles. Arrowheads indicate pyrenoids. Scale bars: 5 µm (a-e); and 20 µm (f-i). Text S1 The general information on our culture experiments. Text S2 The general protocols for the next-generation sequencing. Text S3 How to counter mutation accumulation?
Theoretical study of stimulated and spontaneous Hawking effects from an acoustic black hole in a hydrodynamically flowing fluid of light
Creators: name: Grisins, Pjotrs
name: Nguyen, Hai Son
name: Bloch, Jacqueline
name: Amo, Alberto
name: Carusotto, Iacopo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an experiment to detect and characterize the analog Hawking radiation in an analog model of gravity consisting of a flowing exciton-polariton condensate. Under a suitably designed coherent pump configuration, the condensate features an acoustic event horizon for sound waves that at the semiclassical level is equivalent to an astrophysical black hole horizon. We show that a continuous-wave pump-and-probe spectroscopy experiment allows to measure the analog Hawking temperature from the dependence of the stimulated Hawking effect on the pump-probe detuning. We anticipate the appearance of an emergent resonant cavity for sound waves between the pump beam and the horizon, which results in marked oscillations on top of an overall exponential frequency dependence. We finally analyze the spatial correlation function of density fluctuations and identify the hallmark features of the correlated pairs of Bogoliubov excitations created by the spontaneous Hawking process, as well as novel signatures characterizing the emergent cavity.
The morphing of decay powered to interaction powered Type II supernova ejecta at nebular times
Creators: name: Dessart, Luc
name: Gutierrez, Claudia P.
name: Kuncarayakti, Hanindyo
name: Fox, Ori D.
name: Filippenko, Alexei V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Much excitement surrounds the intense mass loss that seems to take place in some massive stars immediately before core collapse. However, occurring too late, it has a negligible impact on the star's evolution or the final yields, which are influenced instead by the longer-term, quasi-steady mass loss taking place during H and He burning. Late-time observations of core-collapse supernovae interacting with the progenitor wind are one means to constrain this secular mass loss. Here, we present radiative transfer calculations for a Type II SN with and without this interaction power, focusing on the phase between 350 and 1000d after explosion. Without interaction power, the ejecta are powered through radioactive decay whose exponential decline produces an ever-fading SN. Instead, with a constant interaction power of $10^{40}$ erg s$^{-1}$ (representative of an SN II ramming into a steady-state $10^{-6} M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ wind), the spectrum morphs from decay powered at 350d, with narrow lines forming in the inner metal-rich ejecta, to interaction powered at 1000d, with broad boxy lines forming in the outer H-rich ejecta. Intermediate times are characterized by a hybrid and complex spectrum made of overlapping narrow and broad lines. While interaction boosts primarily the flux in the ultraviolet, which remains largely unobserved today, a knee in the $R$-band light curve or a $U$-band boost are clear signatures of interaction at late times. The model predictions compare favorably with a number of Type II supernovae including SN 2004et or SN 2017eaw at 500-1000d after explosion.
description: submitted to A&A
Towards controlling the dissociation probability by light-induced conical intersections
Creators: name: Csehi, András
name: Halász, Gábor J.
name: Cederbaum, Lorenz S.
name: Vibók, Ágnes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic and Molecular Clusters (physics.atm-clus)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Light-induced conical intersections (LICIs) can be formed both by standing or by running laser waves. The position of a LICI is determined by the laser frequency while the laser intensity controls the strength of the nonadiabatic coupling. Recently, it was shown within the LICI framework that linearly chirped laser pulses have an impact on the dissociation dynamics of the $D_{2}^{+}$ molecule (J. Chem. Phys. 143, 014305, (2015); ibid 144, 074309, (2016)). In this work we exploit this finding and perform calculations using chirped laser pulses in which the time dependence of the laser frequency is designed so as to force the LICI to move together with the field-free vibrational wave packet as much as possible. Since nonadiabaticity is strongest in the vicinity of the conical intersection, this is the first step towards controlling the dissociation process via the LICI. Our showcase example is again the $D_{2}^{+}$ molecular ion. To demonstrate the impact of the LICIs on the dynamical properties of diatomics, the total dissociation probabilities and the population of the different vibrational levels after the dissociation process are studied and discussed.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures, accepted in Faraday Discussions
Slow diffusion and Thouless localization criterion in modulated spin chains
Creators: name: Prelovšek, P.
name: Herbrych, J.
name: Mierzejewski, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In recent years the ergodicity of disordered spin chains has been investigated via extensive numerical studies of the level statistics or the transport properties. However, a clear relationship between these results has yet to be established. We present the relation between the diffusion constant and the energy-level structure, which leads to the Thouless localization criterion. Together with the exponential-like dependence of the diffusion constant on the strength of quasiperiodic or random fields, the Thouless criterion explains the nearly linear drift with the system size of the crossover/transition to the nonergodic regime. Moreover, we show that the Heisenberg spin chain in the presence of the quasiperiodic fields can be well approached via a sequence of simple periodic systems, where diffusion remains finite even at large fields.
Transit Shapes and Self Organising Maps as a Tool for Ranking Planetary Candidates: Application to Kepler and K2
Creators: name: Armstrong, David J.
name: Pollacco, Don
name: Santerne, Alexandre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A crucial step in planet hunting surveys is to select the best candidates for follow up observations, given limited telescope resources. This is often performed by human `eyeballing', a time consuming and statistically awkward process. Here we present a new, fast machine learning technique to separate true planet signals from astrophysical false positives. We use Self Organising Maps (SOMs) to study the transit shapes of \emph{Kepler} and \emph{K2} known and candidate planets. We find that SOMs are capable of distinguishing known planets from known false positives with a success rate of 87.0\%, using the transit shape alone. Furthermore, they do not require any candidates to be dispositioned prior to use, meaning that they can be used early in a mission's lifetime. A method for classifying candidates using a SOM is developed, and applied to previously unclassified members of the \emph{Kepler} KOI list as well as candidates from the \emph{K2} mission. The method is extremely fast, taking minutes to run the entire KOI list on a typical laptop. We make \texttt{Python} code for performing classifications publicly available, using either new SOMs or those created in this work. The SOM technique represents a novel method for ranking planetary candidate lists, and can be used both alone or as part of a larger autovetting code.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS Nov 4th 2016. Full tables available in source files. 10 pages
Quantifying high-dimensional spatial entanglement with a single-photon-sensitive time-stamping camera
Creators: name: Courme, Baptiste
name: Vernière, Chloé
name: Svihra, Peter
name: Gigan, Sylvain
name: Nomerotski, Andrei
name: Defienne, Hugo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-dimensional entanglement is a promising resource for quantum technologies. Being able to certify it for any quantum state is essential. However, to date, experimental entanglement certification methods are imperfect and leave some loopholes open. Using a single-photon sensitive time-stamping camera, we quantify high-dimensional spatial entanglement by collecting all output modes and without background subtraction, two critical steps on the route towards assumptions-free entanglement certification. We show position-momentum Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) correlations and quantify the entanglement of formation of our source to be larger than 2.8 along both transverse spatial axes, indicating a dimension higher than 14. Our work overcomes important challenges in photonic entanglement quantification and paves the way towards the development of practical quantum information processing protocols based on high-dimensional entanglement.
Energy-efficient Delivery by Heterogeneous Mobile Agents
Creators: name: Bärtschi, Andreas
name: Chalopin, Jérémie
name: Das, Shantanu
name: Disser, Yann
name: Graf, Daniel
name: Hackfeld, Jan
name: Penna, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.2; F.2.2

description: We consider the problem of delivering $m$ messages between specified source-target pairs in a weighted undirected graph, by $k$ mobile agents initially located at distinct nodes of the graph. Each agent consumes energy proportional to the distance it travels in the graph and we are interested in optimizing the total energy consumption for the team of agents. Unlike previous related work, we consider heterogeneous agents with different rates of energy consumption (weights~$w_i$). To solve the delivery problem, agents face three major challenges: \emph{Collaboration} (how to work together on each message), \emph{Planning} (which route to take) and \emph{Coordination} (how to assign agents to messages). We first show that the delivery problem can be 2-approximated \emph{without} collaborating and that this is best possible, i.e., we show that the \emph{benefit of collaboration} is 2 in general. We also show that the benefit of collaboration for a single message is~$1/\ln 2 \approx 1.44$. Planning turns out to be \NP-hard to approximate even for a single agent, but can be 2-approximated in polynomial time if agents have unit capacities and do not collaborate. We further show that coordination is \NP-hard even for agents with unit capacity, but can be efficiently solved exactly if they have uniform weights. Finally, we give a polynomial-time $(4\max\tfrac{w_i}{w_j})$-approximation for message delivery with unit capacities.
Hierarchical off-diagonal low-rank approximation of Hessians in inverse problems, with application to ice sheet model initializaiton
Creators: name: Hartland, Tucker
name: Stadler, Georg
name: Perego, Mauro
name: Liegeois, Kim
name: Petra, Noemi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Obtaining lightweight and accurate approximations of Hessian applies in inverse problems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs) is an essential task to make both deterministic and Bayesian statistical large-scale inverse problems computationally tractable. The $\mathcal{O}(N^{3})$ computational complexity of dense linear algebraic routines such as that needed for sampling from Gaussian proposal distributions and Newton solves by direct linear methods, can be reduced to log-linear complexity by utilizing hierarchical off-diagonal low-rank (HODLR) matrix approximations. In this work, we show that a class of Hessians that arise from inverse problems governed by PDEs are well approximated by the HODLR matrix format. In particular, we study inverse problems governed by PDEs that model the instantaneous viscous flow of ice sheets. In these problems, we seek a spatially distributed basal sliding parameter field such that the flow predicted by the ice sheet model is consistent with ice sheet surface velocity observations. We demonstrate the use of HODLR approximation by efficiently generating Hessian approximations that allow fast generation of samples from a Gaussianized posterior proposal distribution. Computational studies are performed which illustrate ice sheet problem regimes for which the Gauss-Newton data-misfit Hessian is more efficiently approximated by the HODLR matrix format than the low-rank (LR) format. We then demonstrate that HODLR approximations can be favorable, when compared to global low-rank approximations, for large-scale problems by studying the data-misfit Hessian associated to inverse problems governed by the Stokes flow model on the Humboldt glacier and Greenland ice sheets.
description: 28 pages, 12 figures, submitted to Inverse Problems
Perfect Commuting-Operator Strategies for Linear System Games
Creators: name: Cleve, Richard
name: Liu, Li
name: Slofstra, William
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Linear system games are a generalization of Mermin's magic square game introduced by Cleve and Mittal. They show that perfect strategies for linear system games in the tensor-product model of entanglement correspond to finite-dimensional operator solutions of a certain set of non-commutative equations. We investigate linear system games in the commuting-operator model of entanglement, where Alice and Bob's measurement operators act on a joint Hilbert space, and Alice's operators must commute with Bob's operators. We show that perfect strategies in this model correspond to possibly-infinite-dimensional operator solutions of the non-commutative equations. The proof is based around a finitely-presented group associated to the linear system which arises from the non-commutative equations.
Inflationary $α$-Attractor Models with Singular Derivative of Potential
Creators: name: Kubota, Kei-ichiro
name: Matsui, Hiroki
name: Terada, Takahiro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A generalization of inflationary $α$-attractor models (``polynomial $α$-attractor'') was recently proposed by Kallosh and Linde, in which the potential involves logarithmic functions of the inflaton so that the derivative of the potential but not potential itself has a singularity. We find that the models can lead to viable inflationary observables even without the pole in the kinetic term. Also, the generalization with a pole order other than two does not significantly change the functional form of the potential. This allows a systematic analysis of the predictions of this class of models. Our models predict larger spectral index $n_s$ and tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ than in the polynomial $α$-attractor: typically, $n_s$ around 0.97--0.98 and $r$ observable by LiteBIRD. Taking advantage of the relatively large $n_s$, we discuss the modification of the potential to produce primordial black holes as the whole dark matter and gravitational waves induced by curvature perturbations detectable by LISA and BBO/DECIGO, while keeping $n_s$ in agreement with the Planck/BICEP/Keck data.
description: 25 pages, 9 figures, 1 table. Published version; references and table added
Identifying causal significance in three-dimensional isotropic turbulence
Creators: name: Encinar, Miguel P.
name: Jiménez, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Flow patterns of causal significance to three-dimensional isotropic turbulence are identified through the recently introduced algorithm of Jiménez (2018). Localised perturbations are introduced at arbitrary regions of a triple-periodic decaying flow at ${Re}_λ\approx 190$, and their evolution is used as a marker of the significance of said regions to the flow. Their dimensions are found to be an important parameter, with sizes of the order of the integral scale being controlled by the kinetic energy content, and sizes within the dissipative range, by the enstrophy and dissipation. The three quantities are found to be important at intermediate (inertial) scales. Prominent differences emerge between regions of high and low significance. The former typically contain strong gradients and/or kinetic energy and the latter are weak. An analysis of the structure of significant and insignificant flow patterns reveals that strain is more efficient than vorticity at propagating the contents of the perturbation to other regions of the flow. Moreover, the flow patterns of significant regions are found to be more complex, typically containing vortex clusters, while simpler vortex sheets are found in insignificant regions. The present results suggest that strategies aiming to manipulate the flow should focus on strain-dominated vortex clusters, avoiding enstrophy-dominated vortex sheets. This is confirmed through an assimilation experiment, in which greater synchronisation between two simulations is achieved when simulations share significant regions rather than insignificant ones. These conclusions have implications for both the control of turbulent flows and the making of predictions based on limited or noisy measurements.
description: 39 pages, 22 figures
Strong Cosmic Censorship in accelerating spacetime
Creators: name: Zhang, Ming
name: Jiang, Jie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It has been established that Strong Cosmic Censorship Conjecture (SCCC) is respected by an asymptotically flat black hole with charge, but violated by a charged asymptotically de Sitter black hole. We studied the instability of the Cauchy horizon for an accelerating black hole in Einstein theory conformally coupled with a scalar field. The black hole is uncharged while having inner, outer, and acceleration horizons. In the limit of vanishing acceleration, denoted by $A \to 0$, it becomes asymptotically flat and extremal, with its acceleration horizon vanishing as well. By exploring the perturbation of the massless scalar field upon the accelerating black hole, whose decay rate is governed by the quasinormal mode spectra, we show that the SCCC is violated in the near-extremal regime and also in the $A\to 0^+$ limit. Our result is the first observation of a black hole violating the SCCC in an almost asymptotically Minkowskian flat regime, as well as the first example of a black hole violating the SCCC with neither charge nor rotation.
description: 6 pages, 2 figures, matches published version