cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A Neutron Star with a Massive Progenitor in Westerlund 1
Creators: name: Muno, M. P.
name: Clark, J. S.
name: Crowther, P. A.
name: Dougherty, S. M.
name: de Grijs, R.
name: Law, C.
name: McMillan, S. L. W.
name: Morris, M. R.
name: Negueruela, I.
name: Pooley, D.
name: Zwart, S. Portegies
name: Yusef-Zadeh, F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of an X-ray pulsar in the young, massive Galactic star cluster Westerlund 1. We detected a coherent signal from the brightest X-ray source in the cluster, CXO J164710.2-455216, during two Chandra observations on 2005 May 22 and June 18. The period of the pulsar is 10.6107(1) s. We place an upper limit to the period derivative of Pdot<2e-10 s/s, which implies that the spin-down luminosity is Edot<3e33 erg/s. The X-ray luminosity of the pulsar is L_X = 3(+10,-2)e33 (D/5 kpc)^2 erg/s, and the spectrum can be described by a kT = 0.61+/-0.02 keV blackbody with a radius of R_bb = 0.27+/-0.03 (D/5 kpc}) km. Deep infrared observations reveal no counterpart with K<18.5, which rules out binary companions with M>1 Msun. Taken together, the properties of the pulsar indicate that it is a magnetar. The rarity of slow X-ray pulsars and the position of CXO J164710.2-455216 only 1.6' from the core of Westerlund 1 indicates that it is a member of the cluster with >99.97% confidence. Westerlund 1 contains 07V stars with initial masses M_i=35 Msun and >50 post-main-sequence stars that indicate the cluster is 4+/-1 Myr old. Therefore, the progenitor to this pulsar had an initial mass M_i>40 Msun. This is the most secure result among a handful of observational limits to the masses of the progenitors to neutron stars.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Final version to match ApJL (added one figure since v2)
Specialty Crop Access to U.S. Markets: A Case Study of Indian Mangoes
Creators: name: Ferrier, Peyton
name: Peterson, Everett E.
name: Landes, Maurice
name: Ferrier, Peyton
name: Peterson, Everett E.
name: Landes, Maurice
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: India
subject: mango
subject: import access
subject: irradiation
subject: phytosanitary treatments

description: United States Department of Agriculture www.ers.usda.gov A Report from the Economic Resear ch Ser vice Abstract Certain specialty crops produced in other countries have gained better access to U.S. markets since 2007, when USDA’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service changed its regulatory protocols for phytosanitary (plant health) concerns. One treatment option allowed under the 2007 protocols is irradiation. Using the example of U.S. imports of Indian mangoes, we examine the role of irradiation in mitigating pest risks from imported fresh produce, the costs associated with treating, shipping, and marketing fresh produce imports in the U.S. market, and the resulting increased availability and lower costs of Indian mangoes for U.S. consumers.
The effect of adolescent ethanol exposure on cocaine reward, aversion and self-administration in adult rats.
Creators: name: Hutchison, Mary Anne
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Rationale. Ethanol is the most commonly used drug in adolescence, and ethanol use generally precedes the use of other drugs later in life. The present study explored how adolescent ethanol exposure may alter cocaine reward, aversion and self-administration later in adulthood.Methods. Male rats were exposed to ethanol (2 g/kg) or vehicle on postnatal days (PND) 30-39. On PND 65, animals began place preference conditioning (Experiment 1), taste aversion conditioning (Experiment 2) or self-administration training for food and cocaine (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, baseline preferences were determined and then subjects underwent conditioning with 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg cocaine followed by a final preference test. In Experiment 2, subjects were given saccharin followed by injections of cocaine (32 mg/kg) or saline 15, 180 or 300 min later. In Experiment 3, subjects were given operant training sessions for food as well as two sessions on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. After catheter surgery, subjects were given 10 self-administration training sessions (0.25 or 0.75 mg/kg/infusion) and two PR sessions for cocaine.Results. In Experiment 1, vehicle-preexposed subjects conditioned with 20 mg/kg cocaine increased time spent on the drug-paired side. Place preferences were evident at 10 mg/kg cocaine in ethanol-preexposed animals. For Experiment 2, animals exposed to vehicle during adolescence displayed a reduction in saccharin consumption at all delays. Animals exposed to ethanol displayed aversions only at the shorter delays (15 or 180 min). In Experiment 3, during the food PR sessions, vehicle-preexposed animals had more responses than animals preexposed to ethanol. Across the cocaine acquisition trials, subjects preexposed to ethanol and given 0.25 mg/kg/infusion had fewer responses and took significantly less drug during the sessions. There were no differences among groups during the cocaine PR sessions.Conclusions. Adolescent ethanol exposure sensitized the rewarding effects (Experiment 1) and attenuated the aversive effects (Experiment 2) of cocaine. Further, ethanol decreased PR responding for food as well as decreased responding for cocaine (Experiment 3) indicating changes in the sensitivity to food and cocaine. These results suggest that adolescent ethanol preexposure impacts the affective properties of cocaine that may affect later vulnerability to cocaine use.
Characteristics and Influential Factors of Food Deserts
Creators: name: Dutko, Paula
name: Ver Ploeg, Michele
name: Farrigan, Tracey
name: Dutko, Paula
name: Ver Ploeg, Michele
name: Farrigan, Tracey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: Food deserts
subject: food access
subject: low income
subject: census tracts

description: USDA’s Economic Research Service previously identified more than 6,500 food desert tracts in the United States based on 2000 Census and 2006 data on locations of supermarkets, supercenters, and large grocery stores. In this report, we examine the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of these tracts to see how they differ from other census tracts and the extent to which these differences influence food desert status. Relative to all other census tracts, food desert tracts tend to have smaller populations, higher rates of abandoned or vacant homes, and residents who have lower levels of education, lower incomes, and higher unemployment. Census tracts with higher poverty rates are more likely to be food deserts than otherwise similar low-income census tracts in rural and in very dense (highly populated) urban areas. For less dense urban areas, census tracts with higher concentrations of minority populations are more likely to be food deserts, while tracts with substantial decreases in minority populations between 1990 and 2000 were less likely to be identified as food deserts in 2000.
Übertiefte Talabschnitte im Berner Mittelland zwischen Alpen und Jura (Schweiz)
Creators: name: Schlüchter, Christian
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1979

description: Die übertieften Bereiche im Berner Querschnitt des Mittellandes zwischen Alpen und Jura werden, neben der Zungenbeckentheorie, vor dem Hintergrund neuer geophysikalischer Untersuchungsresultate aus den Schweizer Seen und den Resultaten des Landesnivellements beschrieben. Bedeutende Übertiefungen sind im Becken von Belp südlich von Bern mit ca. 270 m, im seeländischen Trog bei Worben/Busswil mit ca. 285 m und im Unteren Emmental bei Gerlafingen mit mindestens 88 m durch Bohrungen belegt. Die Existenz einer basalen Erosionsrinne in der Molasse als Verbindung zwischen dem Becken von Belp mit dem seeländischen Trog oder dem Unteren Emmental ist fraglich. Zeitlich kann die maximale Tiefenerosion als sicher prae- oder frühriß-, stellenweise als mindelzeitlich (?) nach der klassischen Eiszeitchronologie angegeben werden. Zur genetischen Erklärung der übertieften Becken werden sowohl Gletschererosion (Zungenbeckenbildung/Cirque-Bildung im Alpenvorland) als auch krustendynamische Faktoren angeführt (Landesnivellement, Nachweis von Gasaustritten in einer Bohrung auf der Linie Gurten—nördliches Becken von Belp-Grauholz).
description: research
title: ITSICALL: investigating teaching strategies in computer assisted language learning
Creators: name: Manning, Patricia Eveline
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1995

description: This thesis evaluates the effect on the learning and teaching of gender and gender agreement in French for English speakers of various teaching strategies Implicit, Explicit and Exploratory, implemented as a CALL program, 'Itsicall' (Investigating Teaching Strategies in Computer Assisted Language Learning). It is an original piece of research with school children in London which uses a variety of L2 research methods, i.e..error analysis, contrastive analysis and learner interviews, to inspire the design of the computer program , which teaches the concepts of Gender and Gender Agreement in French in the three modes selected, Implicit, Explicit and Exploratory. The design of the gender teaching program was motivated by a series of preliminary investigations, which lead to the accumulation of a rich source of data on the way school children perform and acquire concepts prominent in another language and provides many insights into the difficulties encountered by children Vying to grapple with the concept of Gender, under represented in the English language and primordial in French. The program was then tested and evaluated in an exercise which provided further invaluable data for Second Language Acquisition Research, Second Language Teaching and Computer Assisted Instruction, taking into account the answer to the original research questions and the opinions of the children who tried out the program. The account of this empirical work, which reveals the potential of exploratory computer environments is then followed by an analysis which incorporates all the findings of the previous experiments into a critical evaluation of the merits of Implicit, Explicit and Exploratory teaching of grammar rules in a CALL environment.
Effects of space-time noncommutativity on the angular power spectrum of the CMB
Creators: name: Fukuma, Masafumi
name: Kono, Yuji
name: Miwa, Akitsugu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate an inflationary model of the universe based on the assumption that space-time is noncommutative in the very early universe. We analyze the effects of space-time noncommutativity on the quantum fluctuations of an inflaton field and investigate their contributions to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We show that the angular power spectrum l(l+1)C_l generically has a sharp damping for lower l if we assume that the last scattering surface is traced back to fuzzy spheres at the times when large-scale modes cross the Hubble horizon.
description: 17 pages, 4 figures, references added, some arguments clarified, to appear in Nuclear Physics B
Estimating the Range of Food-Insecure Households in India
Creators: name: Tandon, Sharad
name: Landes, Maurice R.
name: Tandon, Sharad
name: Landes, Maurice R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Food Security and Poverty
subject: International Development
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Food insecurity
subject: calorie consumption
subject: nutrition
subject: household survey
subject: development
subject: India

description: This study provides a quantitative assessment of food security using a large household- level expenditure survey conducted by the Government of India during 2004/05. The analysis tests the impact of several key assumptions required to estimate actual calories consumed from the expenditure data. The authors found significant differences in the estimates of calories consumed and the number of food-insecure people under alternative plausible assumptions for computing the calorie content of nonprocessed foods, processed foods, and meals eaten outside the household. The measurement errors were largest in accounting for calories consumed by the highest and lowest income households. Overall, the difference between the highest and lowest estimate of the number of people consuming an average of less than 2,100 calories per day was equivalent to about 17 percent of India’s population, or 173 million people in 2004/05. Given the significant measurement error in estimating calories consumed, it is important to consider not only consumption surveys, but also aggregate food availability studies and survey data on anthropometric measures that accompany undernourishment—such as growth stunting— in assessing food insecurity.
Über jungholozäne, vorgeschichtliche Löß – Umlagerung in Hessen
Creators: name: Huckriede, Reinhold
Publisher: name: Geozon Science Media
Year: 1971

description: Es wird versucht, das Interesse auf vorgeschichtliche anthropogene Sedimente Hessens zu lenken. Umgelagerter und von einer in situ entstandenen Braunerde bedeckter Löß am Fuß des Basalt-Hanges von Rhünda gehört nach Fauna und 14C-Datierung in den älteren Teil des Subatlantikums. Eine ähnliche Fauna erweist den Löß vom Großen Mosen-Berg bei Homberg/Efze als ebenfalls im Jungholozän umgelagert. Die Löß-Umlagerung kann nur durch Wald-Rodung des vorgeschichtlichen Menschen erklärt werden. Beide Vorkommen liegen unter eisenzeitlichen Höhensiedlungen.
description: research
The effect of adolescent ethanol exposure on cocaine reward, aversion and self-administration in adult rats.
Creators: name: Hutchison, Mary Anne
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Rationale. Ethanol is the most commonly used drug in adolescence, and ethanol use generally precedes the use of other drugs later in life. The present study explored how adolescent ethanol exposure may alter cocaine reward, aversion and self-administration later in adulthood.Methods. Male rats were exposed to ethanol (2 g/kg) or vehicle on postnatal days (PND) 30-39. On PND 65, animals began place preference conditioning (Experiment 1), taste aversion conditioning (Experiment 2) or self-administration training for food and cocaine (Experiment 3). In Experiment 1, baseline preferences were determined and then subjects underwent conditioning with 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg cocaine followed by a final preference test. In Experiment 2, subjects were given saccharin followed by injections of cocaine (32 mg/kg) or saline 15, 180 or 300 min later. In Experiment 3, subjects were given operant training sessions for food as well as two sessions on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule. After catheter surgery, subjects were given 10 self-administration training sessions (0.25 or 0.75 mg/kg/infusion) and two PR sessions for cocaine.Results. In Experiment 1, vehicle-preexposed subjects conditioned with 20 mg/kg cocaine increased time spent on the drug-paired side. Place preferences were evident at 10 mg/kg cocaine in ethanol-preexposed animals. For Experiment 2, animals exposed to vehicle during adolescence displayed a reduction in saccharin consumption at all delays. Animals exposed to ethanol displayed aversions only at the shorter delays (15 or 180 min). In Experiment 3, during the food PR sessions, vehicle-preexposed animals had more responses than animals preexposed to ethanol. Across the cocaine acquisition trials, subjects preexposed to ethanol and given 0.25 mg/kg/infusion had fewer responses and took significantly less drug during the sessions. There were no differences among groups during the cocaine PR sessions.Conclusions. Adolescent ethanol exposure sensitized the rewarding effects (Experiment 1) and attenuated the aversive effects (Experiment 2) of cocaine. Further, ethanol decreased PR responding for food as well as decreased responding for cocaine (Experiment 3) indicating changes in the sensitivity to food and cocaine. These results suggest that adolescent ethanol preexposure impacts the affective properties of cocaine that may affect later vulnerability to cocaine use.
Rent Seeking and Interest Group Contestation: A Harmony-of-Interest Approach to Vietnam's Economic Reforms
Creators: name: Jandl, Thomas
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This dissertation investigates the questions (a) how an authoritarian regime like Vietnam could demonstrate to the global markets a credible commitment to limited rent seeking, and (b) why economic and coercive (political) elites do not collude with each other at the expense of non-elite groups. These questions are crucial in explaining (i) how Vietnam became an investment magnet with one of the world's highest capital inflows when measured by size of the economy, and (ii) why the often hypothesized convergence toward the lowest common denominator in terms of labor protection and wage levels did not take place. In response to these questions, this dissertation proposes a harmony-of-interest theory, in which each major societal interest group is better off in the new arrangement that followed from Vietnam's 1986 market-opening reforms than from an alternative approach. Taking a political-economy, rational-choice, game-theoretical approach, the dissertation shows the inter-relation between (1) central government, provincial governments both in (2) jurisdictions that benefit from reform and (3) those that are (relative) reform losers, (4) investors and (5) workers. It concludes that a harmony of interest among these societal interest groups arises when all factors - goods, capital and labor - are mobile and as a result can bargain with each other in an expanding economy where all factors are scarce. This harmony-of-interest theory represents a model by which one can explain successful elite self-restraint and the associated social and economic changes. For this self-restraint to function, it does not require democracy, constitutional checks and balances or enlightened rulers. Instead, it functions based on the harmony of interest among interest groups that comes with contestation for benefits that no group can command by coercive power, but instead must attract by exhibiting a credible commitment to mutual benefit and limited rent seeking among all actors.
The Potential Impact of Changes in Immigration Policy on U.S. Agriculture and the Market for Hired Farm Labor: A Simulation Analysis
Creators: name: Zahniser, Steven
name: Hertz, Thomas
name: Rimmer, Maureen T.
name: Dixon, Peter B.
name: Zahniser, Steven
name: Hertz, Thomas
name: Rimmer, Maureen T.
name: Dixon, Peter B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: farm labor
subject: farmworkers
subject: immigrant
subject: immigration
subject: H-2A program
subject: computable general equilibrium (CGE) model
subject: agriculture
subject: authorized
subject: unauthorized

description: Large shifts in the supply of foreign-born, hired farm labor resulting from substantial changes in U.S. immigration laws or policies could have significant economic implications. A computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the U.S. economy is used to evaluate how changes in the supply of foreign-born labor might affect all sectors of the economy, including agriculture. Two scenarios are considered: an increase in the number of temporary nonimmigrant, foreign-born farmworkers, such as those admitted under the H-2A Temporary Agricultural Program, and a decrease in the number of unauthorized workers in all sectors of the economy. Longrun economic outcomes for agricultural output and exports, wages and employment levels, and national income accruing to U.S.-born and foreign- born, permanent resident workers in these two scenarios are compared with a base forecast reflecting current immigration laws and policies.
Sensitivity analysis and simulation uncertainties in predictive geochemical modelling
a case study
Creators: name: Ekberg, Christian
Publisher: name: Institut für Geologie
Year: 1999

description: Computer simulations have become increasingly popular in many different areas over the years, owing mainly to more effective and cheaper machines. In many cases, the trend seems to be that computer simulations are replacing experiments, at least in areas in which experiments are very difficult (expensive) or impossible. One such area is that of attempting to foresee what will happen in the future. Such analyses are very important for a durable construction such as a repository for spent nuclear fuel, for example. In the modelling effort, several computer codes are used and input data are often used without scrutiny. However, this work shows that even the rather simple task of calculating the solubility of a solid phase in a given water is encumbered with the effects of different uncertainties. These uncertainties may make the calculated solubility vary by several orders of magnitude. Thus the input to the more complex codes, simulating processes in connection with the repository, will also be affected. This report presents some computer programs for uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of solubility calculations. They are then illustrated by numerical simulations and estimation of uncertainty intervals for a case at the Äspö site in Sweden. Some of the input data treated as uncertain parameters are the stability constants for the reactions between the metal ion concerned and the elements present in the selected water or the rock. Stability constants and the enthalpies and entropies of reaction for the thoriumwater-acetylacetone-phosphate system have been determined experimentally. In addition to the values determined for these entities, uncertainty intervals are also estimated. A complexing mechanism for the thorium-phosphates at pH 8 is also suggested.
description: research
Rent Seeking and Interest Group Contestation: A Harmony-of-Interest Approach to Vietnam's Economic Reforms
Creators: name: Jandl, Thomas
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics
classificationCode: 4407
subject: Policy and administration
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This dissertation investigates the questions (a) how an authoritarian regime like Vietnam could demonstrate to the global markets a credible commitment to limited rent seeking, and (b) why economic and coercive (political) elites do not collude with each other at the expense of non-elite groups. These questions are crucial in explaining (i) how Vietnam became an investment magnet with one of the world's highest capital inflows when measured by size of the economy, and (ii) why the often hypothesized convergence toward the lowest common denominator in terms of labor protection and wage levels did not take place. In response to these questions, this dissertation proposes a harmony-of-interest theory, in which each major societal interest group is better off in the new arrangement that followed from Vietnam's 1986 market-opening reforms than from an alternative approach. Taking a political-economy, rational-choice, game-theoretical approach, the dissertation shows the inter-relation between (1) central government, provincial governments both in (2) jurisdictions that benefit from reform and (3) those that are (relative) reform losers, (4) investors and (5) workers. It concludes that a harmony of interest among these societal interest groups arises when all factors - goods, capital and labor - are mobile and as a result can bargain with each other in an expanding economy where all factors are scarce. This harmony-of-interest theory represents a model by which one can explain successful elite self-restraint and the associated social and economic changes. For this self-restraint to function, it does not require democracy, constitutional checks and balances or enlightened rulers. Instead, it functions based on the harmony of interest among interest groups that comes with contestation for benefits that no group can command by coercive power, but instead must attract by exhibiting a credible commitment to mutual benefit and limited rent seeking among all actors.
HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL INFLUENCES ON MODERN DEBATES: AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONS IN POSTCOLONIAL LATIN AMERICA
Creators: name: Johns, Danielle W.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4303
subject: Historical studies
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This thesis is a comparative analysis and discussion of affirmative action(s) for underrepresented groups in Brazil, Cuba, and Ecuador, with particular attention being paid to afro-descendants. Despite shared identities as Latin American countries, the aforementioned countries have responded differently to discussions around affirmative action policies in their respective countries because of a difference in social consciousness influenced by historical events and political ideologies. This difference in social consciousness can be seen to emerge at critical junctures -- colonization and slavery, freedom movements, questioning political sovereignty and stability -- which have shaped present-day identity politics. The differences seen here among countries once political linked and now economically linked can hopefully engender an appreciation for differences in identity and racial politics seen elsewhere and provide a serious discussion for how to address racial inequality.
HISTORICAL AND POLITICAL INFLUENCES ON MODERN DEBATES: AFFIRMATIVE ACTIONS IN POSTCOLONIAL LATIN AMERICA
Creators: name: Johns, Danielle W.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is a comparative analysis and discussion of affirmative action(s) for underrepresented groups in Brazil, Cuba, and Ecuador, with particular attention being paid to afro-descendants. Despite shared identities as Latin American countries, the aforementioned countries have responded differently to discussions around affirmative action policies in their respective countries because of a difference in social consciousness influenced by historical events and political ideologies. This difference in social consciousness can be seen to emerge at critical junctures -- colonization and slavery, freedom movements, questioning political sovereignty and stability -- which have shaped present-day identity politics. The differences seen here among countries once political linked and now economically linked can hopefully engender an appreciation for differences in identity and racial politics seen elsewhere and provide a serious discussion for how to address racial inequality.
Process evaluation study on the removal of Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions from an industrial paint effluent using kola nut pod as an adsorbent
Creators: name: Yahya, Muibat Diekola
name: Obayomi, Kehinde Shola
name: Orekoya, Benjamin Adesina
name: Olugbenga, Adeola Grace
name: Akoh, Benjamin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This study established the efficiency of a fixed bed column in the removal of Ni (II) and Cu (II) ions from an industrial paint effluent. The kola nut pod was characterized to identify functional groups, morphology, and porosity nature of the adsorbent. The appearance and shifts of some peaks in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra revealed amide, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a non-cellulosic morphology with clear pore structure; the BET analysis gave a surface area and pore volume values of 225.0 m2/g and 0.03949 cm3/g, respectively. Surface area and pore volume of the loaded adsorbent decreased by 37.87 and 98.66%, respectively. Deposition and coverage of adsorptive sites were observed on the loaded adsorbent from the SEM results. Raw effluent from paint production industry was analyzed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Results obtained indicated the presence of Ni(II) and Cu(II) at concentrations of 5.3747 mg/L and 35.6636 mg/L, respectively, among other heavy metals. Optimum values for an efficient column parametric study were obtained at a bed height of 10.0 cm, flow rate of 5.0 mL/min and at their respective initial concentrations. The percentage removal for Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions were 29.35 and 93.9%, respectively, with corresponding adsorption capacity of 12.841 and 6.100 mg/g. The range of values of the error functions obtained from the analysis on Thomas model for adsorption of both copper and nickel ions are SSE values range 0.0053–0.0928 and 0.0044–0.7491, HYBRID values of 0.0143–1.0999 and 0.0057–9.7006, MPSD values of 0.5193–5.4680 and 0.2260–30.0215 and R2 values of 0.2720–0.8027 and 0.0008–0.5866, respectively. The kinetic isotherms revealed that the Thomas gave the lowest error between calculated and experimental values, coefficient of determination and thus can be used in describing the behavior of the adsorption process.
IDENTIFICATION OF INVASIVE AND METASTATIC POTENTIAL OF TPL-2 KNOCKOUT KERATINOCYTES
Creators: name: Jung, Sarah
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Tpl-2/MAP3K8 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that can activate the transcription of target genes involved in pathways associated with mitosis, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Our laboratory has previously identified that mice missing the Tpl-2 gene (Tpl-2 knockout mice) are more susceptible to the development of skin cancer--the most prevalent cancer in the United States. However, it is unknown whether the squamous skin cancers that develop in Tpl-2 knockout mice have more potential to become invasive than those skin tumors that form in normal mice. Therefore, in this thesis, we compared the invasive and metastatic potential of skin cells (keratinocytes) from normal and Tpl-2 knockout mice with stimulation and genetic alterations like constitutively-activated Ras. Using various techniques including microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and zymography we found MMP-9, a well-known protease associated with metastatic cells, to be up-regulated at the RNA level. Also, while Tpl-2+/+ keratinocytes migrate faster than Tpl-2-/- in an in vitro scratch assay with H-Ras-infection, Tpl-2-/- keratinocytes have a higher malignant conversion rate and better potential for angiogenic ability when the Ras oncogene is constitutively activated. These experiments provide evidence that Tpl-2-/- keratinocytes, in conjunction with mutant Ras, show potential to become aggressive and invasive.
Farm Activities Associated With Rural Development Initiatives
Creators: name: Bagi, Faqir Singh
name: Reeder, Richard
name: Bagi, Faqir Singh
name: Reeder, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Farm Management
subject: Rural development
subject: regional foods
subject: local foods
subject: direct marketing
subject: organic farming
subject: agritourism
subject: value-added agriculture
subject: renewable energy
subject: electricity

description: Since 2002, USDA’s Rural Business and Industry (B&I) Loan Guarantee program has increased its emphasis on farm-related business activities associated with renewable energy, local/regional food, and value-added agriculture. Other new programs and program modifications also have focused on these and other farm activities and related industries, including the use of farm and ranch natural resources. This trend represents a relatively new direction for USDA’s Rural Development programs, which have historically focused on nonfarm-related business. This report improves our understanding of the farm and farmer characteristics that may influence farm operator involvement in development-related activities, specifically by focusing on five farm activities: organic farming, value-added agriculture, direct marketing, agritourism, and energy/electricity production. The findings are based on descriptive data from USDA’s 2007 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) and estimates from logit models used to identify statistically significant factors associated with involvement in certain farm activities.
The Relationship Between National Brand and Private Label Food Products: Prices, Promotions, Recessions, and Recoveries
Creators: name: Volpe, Richard
name: Volpe, Richard
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Retail food prices
subject: supermarket pricing strategy
subject: private labels
subject: national brands
subject: promotions
subject: recession

description: Over the past two decades, private label food products have grown steadily in sales and often directly compete for market share with national brands. This competition lowers prices and increases product choices for consumers. This report analyzes the relationship between private label and national brand product prices and in-store promotions for two major U.S. grocery store chains during the 2007-2009 recession and the year following the recession (2010). Retailers promote private label products (offer price discounts) strategically in response to national brand pricing promotions to protect private label market share during national brand promotions. However, the extent of the retailer response varies widely across supermarket departments and is also affected by both the density of food stores and the market share of supercenters within a market area. These findings hold true regardless of the state of the economy, although the magnitude of the interaction between national brands and private labels differs in times of recession and recovery.
Effect of electric current on optical orientation of electrons in AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure
Creators: name: Ken, O. S.
name: Zhukov, E. A.
name: Akimov, I. A.
name: Korenev, V. L.
name: Kopteva, N. E.
name: Kalitukha, I. V.
name: Sapega, V. F.
name: Wieck, A. D.
name: Ludwig, A.
name: Schott, R.
name: Kusrayev, Yu. G.
name: Yakovlev, D. R.
name: Bayer, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The effect of a lateral electric current on the photoluminescence H-band of an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure is investigated. The photoluminescence intensity and optical orientation of electrons contributing to the H-band are studied by means of continuous wave and time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy and time-resolved Kerr rotation. It is shown that the H-band is due to recombination of the heavy holes localized at the heterointerface with photoexcited electrons attracted to the heterointerface from the GaAs layer. Two lines with significantly different decay times constitute the H-band: a short-lived high-energy one and a long-lived low-energy one. The high-energy line originates from recombination of electrons freely moving along the structure plane, while the low-energy one is due to recombination of donor-bound electrons near the interface. Application of the lateral electric field of ~ 100-200 V/cm results in a quenching of both lines. This quenching is due to a decrease of electron concentration near the heterointerface as a result of a photocurrent-induced heating of electrons in the GaAs layer. On the contrary, electrons near the heterointerface are effectively cooled, so the donors near the interface are not completely empty up to ~ 100 V/cm, which is in stark contrast with the case of bulk materials. The optical spin polarization of the donor-bound electrons near the heterointerface weakly depends on the electric field. Their polarization kinetics is determined by the spin dephasing in the hyperfine fields of the lattice nuclei. The long spin memory time (> 40 ns) can be associated with suppression of the Bir-Aronov-Pikus mechanism of spin relaxation for electrons.
description: 21 pages, 7 figures
IDENTIFICATION OF INVASIVE AND METASTATIC POTENTIAL OF TPL-2 KNOCKOUT KERATINOCYTES
Creators: name: Jung, Sarah
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 31
subject: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Tpl-2/MAP3K8 is a serine/threonine protein kinase that can activate the transcription of target genes involved in pathways associated with mitosis, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. Our laboratory has previously identified that mice missing the Tpl-2 gene (Tpl-2 knockout mice) are more susceptible to the development of skin cancer--the most prevalent cancer in the United States. However, it is unknown whether the squamous skin cancers that develop in Tpl-2 knockout mice have more potential to become invasive than those skin tumors that form in normal mice. Therefore, in this thesis, we compared the invasive and metastatic potential of skin cells (keratinocytes) from normal and Tpl-2 knockout mice with stimulation and genetic alterations like constitutively-activated Ras. Using various techniques including microarray, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and zymography we found MMP-9, a well-known protease associated with metastatic cells, to be up-regulated at the RNA level. Also, while Tpl-2+/+ keratinocytes migrate faster than Tpl-2-/- in an in vitro scratch assay with H-Ras-infection, Tpl-2-/- keratinocytes have a higher malignant conversion rate and better potential for angiogenic ability when the Ras oncogene is constitutively activated. These experiments provide evidence that Tpl-2-/- keratinocytes, in conjunction with mutant Ras, show potential to become aggressive and invasive.
Alternatives to a State-Based ACRE Program: Expected Payments Under a National, Crop District, or County Base
Creators: name: Arriola, Christine
name: Dismukes, Robert
name: Coble, Keith H.
name: Ubilava, David
name: Cooper, Joseph C.
name: Arriola, Christine
name: Dismukes, Robert
name: Coble, Keith H.
name: Ubilava, David
name: Cooper, Joseph C.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Public Economics
subject: Average Crop Revenue Election
subject: ACRE
subject: commodity support
subject: crop revenue variability
subject: farm risk management

description: The Average Crop Revenue Election, or ACRE, program is a commodity support program that bases coverage on aggregate State-level and individual farm-level revenue variability. Changing the level of aggregation from State to one closer to the farm level—Crop Reporting District or county—would generally increase payments. This report models how expected payments and the level of risk reduction from programs triggered at alternative levels would vary across crops—corn, soybeans, wheat, cotton, grain sorghum, and rice. It also considers how benefits from the alternative revenue programs would vary relative to benefits from direct payment and price-based commodity programs.
Additional file 1 of Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of SGRQ-I and K-BILD in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Creators: name: Prior, Thomas Skovhus
name: Hoyer, Nils
name: Hilberg, Ole
name: Shaker, Saher Burhan
name: Davidsen, Jesper Rømhild
name: Bendstrup, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1. Results of linear regression comparing SGRQ-I or K-BILD Total scores in groups of different stages of disease from baseline to 12 months. Patients were divided into three equally large groups according to stage of disease by SOBQ, SGRQ, FVC, DLCO and 6MWD. For GRCS, patients were divided into deteriorated, unchanged or improved.
Ibuprofen uptake through dimethyl ethylenediamine modified MOF: optimization of the adsorption process by response surface methodology technique
Creators: name: Binaeian, Ehsan
name: Motaghedi, Nazanin
name: Maleki, Sina
name: Arjmandi, Mehrzad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: Plant Biology

description: In the present research ibuprofen (IBP) uptake, considered as a pharmaceutical and personal care product (PPCP), using synthesized copper-based metal-organic framework (MOF), HKUST-1, modified by dimethyl ethylenediamine (HKUST-1-mmen) was investigated. The structure of nano-composite and functional groups was characterized using SEM, EDX, FTIR, XRD, and BET analysis. Also, to optimize the experiments of IBP adsorption over HKUST-1-mmen, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied with three variables including pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time using central composite design (CCD). The optimum conditions for pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time were 3, 0.1 g and 83 min, respectively with IBP adsorption efficiency of 86.53%. The equilibrium data were compatible with Langmuir isotherm (qm = 1000 mg g−1) than other isotherm models, indicating the monolayer adsorption of IBP. According to the characteristics of IBP, HKUST-1, and the results of FTIR analysis, the adsorption of IBP on HKUST-1-mmen was through three possible mechanisms including H-bonding formation, interaction between unsaturated copper sites of HKUST-1 and -COOH from IBP and π–π stacking interactions. The kinetic studies also revealed that the Lagergren model was predominant and IBP was not chemisorbed on nano-composite surface. It was concluded from the thermodynamic parameters that the IBP adsorption was spontaneous, endothermic, and physical.
Additional file 2 of Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of SGRQ-I and K-BILD in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Creators: name: Prior, Thomas Skovhus
name: Hoyer, Nils
name: Hilberg, Ole
name: Shaker, Saher Burhan
name: Davidsen, Jesper Rømhild
name: Bendstrup, Elisabeth
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 2. Cox regression analyses with 1-point intervals.
D-GRIP : DNA genetic risk information profile : A genotype analysis system to predict a genetic risk profile for an individual
Creators: name: Srivastava, Siddhartha
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: New genotyping technologies are producing reliable results with far greater coverage and at dramatically lower cost than previously possible. Given the rapid new discovery of disease associated markers and the new technology for determining the nucleotide sequences of key positions in the DNA of an individual, it is now feasible to apply existing knowledge to generate personalized analyses of genetic risk for diverse diseases. DNA Genetic Risk Information Profile (D-GRIP) is a genotype analysis software system that determines an individual's genetic risk profile given a genotype. The prototype web tool can take, as input, up to a million observed genotypes from single nucleotide positions known to be polymorphic in a human population. The submitted genotype data are compared to a database of disease associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and an output is generated, reporting disease-associated variants for which the individual has a predicted modified risk. An evaluation of D-GRIP was performed through the direct surveying of potential users of such a system - users such as clinicians, genetic counselors and genetics researchers. Due to ethical issues related to providing a genetic risk profile, the prototype system is kept closed to the general public and reserved for research into the utility and requirements of such software. The major conclusions drawn direct attention towards the key limitations presently precluding the creation of personalized genetic risk assessment. The lack of computationally exploitable resource for disease associated genetic variants, the inherent statistical complexities involved with risk calculation for large-scale genotyping data and the limited understanding of interactions between genes, environment and complex diseases, are all key factors that need to be overcome in order to create a practical genetic risk assessment tool.
Patent Valuation, International Intellectual Property Rights and Innovation
Creators: name: Kabore, Francois Pazisnewende
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 38
subject: Economics

description: My research addresses three questions. The first is, does the value of a patent depend on its family size and composition? In the literature on technological change, patents are the most widely used intangible rights to proxy for innovation. However, there is a consensus among innovation economists that the current valuation methods (patent count, citations, renewals, etc.) have limitations. With Walter Park, I create and test the robustness of a patent valuation method, termed "family size and composition patent valuation method," and I hypothesize that the value of patents depends both on the number of the legal jurisdictions where patents are protected and on the market size of the countries that constitute those jurisdictions. We use renewal data, as independent confirmation data, to help demonstrate the predictive accuracy of this method in determining the likelihood of patent renewal and patent survival.Given these results to the first question, the second question investigates the impact of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on the flow of valuable knowledge capital and on technology gaps, using the new "family size and composition patent valuation method." The chapter develops and estimates a model of international patenting and Total Factor Productivity (TFP) behavior. I find that IPR protection positively impacts the flow of local innovation and the diffusion of valuable knowledge and TFP. Using the citation method of valuing patents tends to underestimate the impact of IPR on the diffusion of valuable innovation.The third question focuses on the impact of IPR on innovation and technology transfer in Africa. The study investigates whether stronger patent rights protection pushes out the frontiers of technology by favoring the emergence and flow of valuable innovation. I find that stronger IPR protection favors the generation of important innovation as well as the diffusion of valuable technology. Moreover, the impact of local innovation is larger in magnitude than the impact on technology diffusion. This suggests that previous results were likely driven by proxies used for innovation. Further IPR-related data collection and a cautious strengthening of IPR to foster the generation of valuable knowledge capital in Africa are the implications for policy.