cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Craniella polyura
Creators: name: Morozov, Grigori
name: Sabirov, Rushan
name: Zimina, Olga
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Porifera
Demospongiae
Spirophorida
Tetillidae
Craniella
Craniella polyura

description: Craniella polyura (Schmidt, 1870)
 (Figure 13 (a – h))
 Tetilla polyura Schmidt 1870, p. 66; pl. VI, fig. 8; Vosmaer 1885, p. 9 – 10; pl. I, figs 1 – 3; pl. II, fig. 16; pl. V, figs 3 – 7; Breitfuss 1911, p. 213; Rezvoi 1928, p. 76; Van Soest 2016, p. 322, fig. 5a – g
 Description
(Figure 13 (a)). Sponge egg shaped, up to 4 cm in height and 2.5 cm in width. Surface even, slightly setose. The consistency is rather soft and elastic. Single conical osculum slightly displaced to the side from the summit. Comparatively long spicules protrude from the lower end of the body, forming a felt-like mass. Colour light brown. Two specimens examined.
 Skeleton
Skeleton of radially spiral structure. Cortex absent.
 Spicules
 (Figure 13 (a – h)). Large oxea, usually with unequal ends, dimensions: 1532.6 – 2904.5 – 4375.3 (n = 20) × 11.7 – 28 – 42.3 (n = 20) µm. Small oxea, slightly fusiform, with equal ends, dimensions: 556.5 – 776 – 1117.9 (n = 30) × 6.2 – 17.6 – 29.4 (n = 25) µm. Anatriaenes, rhabdome length up to 5 cm and thickness 4 – 4.5 – 5.2 (n = 10) µm; cladome length: 64 – 74.7 – 86.3 (n = 10) µm. Sagittal protriaenes, rhabdome length: 1073 – 1637.9 – 2575 (n = 15) × 2.6 – 3.66 – 5.6 (n = 15) µm; length of paired cladomes: 20.2 – 33.3 – 69.4 (n = 15) µm; unpaired cladome length: 66.7 – 106.5 – 179.7 (n = 15) µm. Normal protriaenes, rhabdome length: 510 – 617.8 – 931.7 (n = 10) × 4.7 – 5.8 – 6.9 (n = 10) µm; cladome length: 22 – 27.8 – 33.2 (n = 10) µm. Raphides, dimensions: 192 – 347.7 – 473 (n = 10) × 1 – 2 µm. Sigmas centrotylote, spined, dimensions: 9 – 12.7 – 16 (n = 25) µm.
 Distribution
 Iceland. Barents, Kara, Laptev (st. A-102, L-12) and East Siberian seas (st. A-31). Depth range: 33 – 313 m.
description: Published as part of Morozov, Grigori, Sabirov, Rushan & Zimina, Olga, 2019, Sponge fauna of the New Siberian Shoal: biodiversity and some features of formation, pp. 2961-2992 in Journal of Natural History 52 (47) on pages 2961-2992, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1554166, http://zenodo.org/record/3654165
Dark Energy, A Cosmological Constant, and Type Ia Supernovae
Creators: name: Krauss, Lawrence M.
name: Jones-Smith, Katherine
name: Huterer, Dragan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We focus on uncertainties in supernova measurements, in particular of individual magnitudes and redshifts, to review to what extent supernovae measurements of the expansion history of the universe are likely to allow us to constrain a possibly redshift-dependent equation of state of dark energy, $w(z)$. focus in particular on the central question of how well one might rule out the possibility of a cosmological constant $w=-1$. We argue that it is unlikely that we will be able to significantly reduce the uncertainty in the determination of $w$ beyond its present bounds, without significant improvements in our ability to measure the cosmic distance scale as a function of redshift. Thus, unless the dark energy significantly deviates from $w(z)=-1$ at some redshift, very stringent control of the statistical and systematic errors will be necessary to have a realistic hope of empirically distinguishing exotic dark energy from a cosmological constant.
description: 8 pages, submitted to New Journal of Physics
A systematic literature review of school counselling needs in East and Southeast Asia
Creators: name: Larran, Julie
name: Hein, Sascha
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: School counselling
subject: school-based mental health
subject: Asia
subject: policy
subject: literature review
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: This systematic literature review investigated school counselling needs in East and Southeast Asia based on 109 studies from 14 countries published since 2011. School counselling needs were categorised using an international taxonomy (Morshed & Carey, Citation2020, Development of a taxonomy of policy levers to promote high quality school-based counseling. Journal of School-Based Counseling Policy and Evaluation, 2(2), 95–101). We found similarities and differences between the countries and nine main needs characterising the region. These include the need for (1) up-to-date training, (2) country specificmodels of school counselling practices stating school counsellors’ roles and responsibilities, and (3) overcoming societal-level barriers such as stigma towards mental health. We recommend context-sensitive steps to policymakers seeking to improve school counselling services.
LSMAT Least Squares Medial Axis Transform
Creators: name: Rebain, Daniel
name: Angles, Baptiste
name: Valentin, Julien
name: Vining, Nicholas
name: Peethambaran, Jiju
name: Izadi, Shahram
name: Tagliasacchi, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The medial axis transform has applications in numerous fields including visualization, computer graphics, and computer vision. Unfortunately, traditional medial axis transformations are usually brittle in the presence of outliers, perturbations and/or noise along the boundary of objects. To overcome this limitation, we introduce a new formulation of the medial axis transform which is naturally robust in the presence of these artifacts. Unlike previous work which has approached the medial axis from a computational geometry angle, we consider it from a numerical optimization perspective. In this work, we follow the definition of the medial axis transform as "the set of maximally inscribed spheres". We show how this definition can be formulated as a least squares relaxation where the transform is obtained by minimizing a continuous optimization problem. The proposed approach is inherently parallelizable by performing independant optimization of each sphere using Gauss-Newton, and its least-squares form allows it to be significantly more robust compared to traditional computational geometry approaches. Extensive experiments on 2D and 3D objects demonstrate that our method provides superior results to the state of the art on both synthetic and real-data.
NATIONAL EMPLOYMENT AND LABOR MARKET IN GLOBAL TRENDS ENVIRONMENT
Creators: name: Bogush L
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: employment
labor market
workforce mobility
global and internal asymmetries’ factors
state socio-economic policy

description: Outlining priorities, guidelines, mechanisms for balanced socio-economic development (in particular, within the framework of implementing, coordinating, increasing the strategies’ effectiveness for the development of economy, its employment and labor resource potential in the conditions of powerful global and macro-regional asymmetries’ factors) is the key responsibility of the state. The article explores the asymmetries of mobility in the labour market of Ukraine, which are developed under the influence of interacting internal and globalized economic and social-forming processes. The interpretation of the mobility category and its asymmetries is refined; the classification of their global prerequisites, as well as types and aspects of mobility asymmetries (motivated by economic feasibility, broad communal and personal safety factors and incentives, based on the criteria of the role of appropriate processes for the workforce’ reproduction and use, the content of potential mechanisms for their optimization in the activity for sustaining socio-economic development) is suggested.
Population pharmacokinetics of TLD-1, a novel liposomal doxorubicin, in a phase I trial
Creators: name: Mc Laughlin, Anna M.
name: Hess, Dagmar
name: Michelet, Robin
name: Colombo, Ilaria
name: Haefliger, Simon
name: Bastian, Sara
name: Rabaglio, Manuela
name: Schwitter, Michael
name: Klose, Marian
name: Kloft, Charlotte
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Nanoparticles
subject: Liposomes
subject: Doxorubicin
subject: Pharmacokinetics
subject: Pharmacometrics
subject: Nonlinear mixed-effects model
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::615 Pharmakologie, Therapeutik

description: Study objectives TLD-1 is a novel pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) formulation aiming to optimise the PLD efficacy-toxicity ratio. We aimed to characterise TLD-1’s population pharmacokinetics using non-compartmental analysis and nonlinear mixed-effects modelling. Methods The PK of TLD-1 was analysed by performing a non-compartmental analysis of longitudinal doxorubicin plasma concentration measurements obtained from a clinical trial in 30 patients with advanced solid tumours across a 4.5-fold dose range. Furthermore, a joint parent-metabolite PK model of doxorubicinentrapped, doxorubicinfree, and metabolite doxorubicinol was developed. Interindividual and interoccasion variability around the typical PK parameters and potential covariates to explain parts of this variability were explored. Results Medians +- standard deviations of dose-normalised doxorubicinentrapped+free Cmax and AUC0−∞ were 0.342 +- 0.134 mg/L and 40.1 +- 18.9 mg·h/L, respectively. The median half-life (95 h) was 23.5 h longer than the half-life of currently marketed PLD. The novel joint parent-metabolite model comprised a one-compartment model with linear release (doxorubicinentrapped), a two-compartment model with linear elimination (doxorubicinfree), and a one-compartment model with linear elimination for doxorubicinol. Body surface area on the volumes of distribution for free doxorubicin was the only significant covariate. Conclusion The population PK of TLD-1, including its release and main metabolite, were successfully characterised using non-compartmental and compartmental analyses. Based on its long half-life, TLD-1 presents a promising candidate for further clinical development. The PK characteristics form the basis to investigate TLD-1 exposure-response (i.e., clinical efficacy) and exposure-toxicity relationships in the future. Once such relationships have been established, the developed population PK model can be further used in model-informed precision dosing strategies. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov–NCT03387917–January 2, 2018
The Physics of Fast Radio Bursts
Creators: name: Xiao, Di
name: Wang, Fayin
name: Dai, Zigao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In 2007, a very bright radio pulse was identified in the archival data of the Parkes Telescope in Australia, marking the beginning of a new research branch in astrophysics. In 2013, this kind of millisecond bursts with extremely high brightness temperature takes a unified name, fast radio burst (FRB). Over the first few years, FRBs seemed very mysterious because the sample of known events was limited. With the improvement of instruments over the last five years, hundreds of new FRBs have been discovered. The field is now undergoing a revolution and understanding of FRB has rapidly increased as new observational data increasingly accumulates. In this review, we will summarize the basic physics of FRBs and discuss the current research progress in this area. We have tried to cover a wide range of FRB topics, including the observational property, propagation effect, population study, radiation mechanism, source model, and application in cosmology. A framework based on the latest observational facts is now under construction. In the near future, this exciting field is expected to make significant breakthroughs.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures, invited review on SCPMA, peer-reviewed version
Constriction-limited detection efficiency of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
Creators: name: Kerman, Andrew J.
name: Dauler, Eric A.
name: Yang, Joel K. W.
name: Rosfjord, Kristine M.
name: Anant, Vikas
name: Berggren, Karl K.
name: Gol'tsman, G.
name: Voronov, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the source of large variations in the observed detection effiiencies of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors between many nominally identical devices. Through both electrical and optical measurements, we infer that these variations arise from "constrictions:" highly localized regions of the nanowires where the effective cross-sectional area for superconducting current is reduced. These constrictions limit the DC bias current density to well below its critical value over the remainder of the wire, and thus prevent the detection efficiency from reaching the high values that occur in these devices only when they are biased near the critical current density.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
PAIN PERCEPTION FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTIONAL AND ORGANIC DISEASES
Creators: name: Kireeva, T.I.
name: Kuvshinnikova, M.B.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: chronic pain
pain characteristics
neurotization
gastrointestinal tract functional diseases
gastrointestinal tract organic diseases
situational and personal anxiety
disease attitude

description: Pain is a multifactorally determined subjectively perceived event. A comparative analysis of the pain experience characteristics in women with the gastrointestinal tract functional and organic disorders shows no significant differences in the frequency of occurrence and pain intensity between these groups, but a greater number experiences prolonged pain for hours or days, and also demonstrate severe neurotization manifestations among women with functional disorders. Against the background of an increased level of anxiety and maladaptive types of the disease attitude, pain is perceived as being more frequent, intense or prolonged, which, in turn, leads to an increase in anxiety and the consolidation of maladaptive types of the disease attitude.
The new Canada-U.S. tax treaty and the limitation on benefits provision: a justifiable compromise?
Creators: name: Theodorakis, Tom
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: On November 9, 1995, Canada and the United States ratified the Third Protocol to the Canada-US. Income Tax Convention. The Protocol will benefit Canadians engaged in cross-border business as it eliminates many pre-existing tax barriers to trade and investment. However, the Protocol also includes a controversial Limitation on Benefits ('LOB') Article, intended to prevent treaty shopping by Canadian resident entities. This thesis will analyze the LOB Article and examine its problems and the potential pitfalls which Canadian taxpayers should be aware of when conducting cross-border trade and investment. These problems fall into five categories. First, the LOB Article is difficult to apply in practice because it contains complex tests and several undefined and vague terms. Second, the LOB Article has the potential to deny treaty benefits to entities engaged in bona fide non-treaty shopping activities. Third, Canadian resident entities which have, or plan to have, U.S. source income will be required to take into account the LOB Article's extremely complex rules and plan appropriately whenever there is a change in the share ownership of their Canadian businesses or an increase in the level of expense payments to third country residents. They will have to conduct regular reviews to ensure that they are in compliance with the LOB Article. Fourth, the LOB Article could have the unplanned effect of re-directing tax revenues from Canada to the U.S. Finally, the LOB Article violates two of the three goals of tax treaty policy: the prevention of double taxation and the promotion of stability. This thesis concludes that the inclusion of the LOB Article in the Protocol was politically and bureaucratically motivated by U.S. tax authorities' zeal to halt treaty shopping at all costs. The inclusion of the LOB Article demonstrates the preoccupation of the U.S. with eliminating treaty shopping. This preoccupation appears to take precedent over the basic goal of international tax treaties, which is the facilitation of trade and investment through the removal of tax barriers to the free exchange of capital, goods and services. Further, this thesis concludes that Canada should not have conceded to the inclusion of the LOB Article in the Protocol because its negative impact on some Canadian entities and the Canadian economy will outweigh the Protocol's potential benefits for Canada.
Responses of ERPs and eye movements towards recognizing clusters of facial expressions
Creators: name: Nakayama, Minoru
name: Yasuda, Masahiro
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: To detect human emotional activity using event related potentials (ERPs) and electro-oculogram (EOG) as an eye movement measure, these metrics were measured in response to images of 7 typical facial expressions which consisted of a database JACFEE (Matsumoto & Ekman, 1988).  Two emotional clusters were created using ratings of emotional impressions with the Affect Grid scale (Russell et al, 1989), while biological indices were compared in clusters. The differences in ERP waveforms were observed in 132.5-195.0ms at central area (Cz) and 142.5-192.5ms at frontal area (Fz). The cross power spectrum (CPSD) of two dimensional eye movements were analysed, these powers were compared between two clusters in several time bins which consisted of 160ms from 100ms before stimulus onset to 540ms. The differences were observed since a time bin 60-220ms after the onset while the frequency area (1.9-2.5Hz and 3.1-3.8Hz) in the difference gradually increased with consecutive time bins such as presentation time. These results suggest that both ERPs and EOGs can indicate a progress of recognising image clusters of facial emotions.
Mucin-Inspired Polymeric Fibers for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Inhibition
Creators: name: Arenhoevel, Justin
name: Schmitt, Ann-Cathrin
name: Kerkhoff, Yannic
name: Ahmadi, Vahid
name: Quaas, Elisa
name: Ludwig, Kai
name: Achazi, Katharina
name: Nie, Chuanxiong
name: Bej, Raju
name: Haag, Rainer
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: biocompatible HSV-1 inhibitors
subject: dendronized polyglycerol sulfates
subject: mucin-inspired polymers
subject: single-chain fibers
subject: telechelic RAFT polymer
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Mucus lines the epithelial cells at the biological interface and is the first line of defense against multiple viral infections. Mucins, the gel-forming components of mucus, are high molecular weight glycoproteins and crucial for preventing infections by binding pathogens. Consequently, mimicking mucins is a promising strategy for new synthetic virus inhibitors. In this work, synthetic mucin-inspired polymers (MIPs) as potential inhibitors of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) are investigated. By using a telechelic reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique, a new dendronized polysulfate p(G1AAm-OSO3)PDS with an amide-backbone similar to the native mucin glycoproteins is synthesized. p(G1AAm-OSO3)PDS shows mucin-like elongated fiber structure, as revealed in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging, and its HSV-1 inhibition activity together with its previously reported methacrylate analogue p(G1MA-OSO3)PDS is tested. Both of the sulfated MIPs show strong HSV-1 inhibition in plaque reduction assays with IC50 values in lower nanomolar range (<3 × 10−9 m) and demonstrate a high cell compatibility (CC50 > 1.0 mg mL−1) with lower anticoagulant activity than heparin. In addition, the prophylactic and therapeutic activity of both MIPs is assessed in pre- and post-infection inhibition assays and clearly visualize their high potential for application using fluorescent microscopy imaging of infected cells.
REMI-seq generation of a genome-wide mutant resource for dictyostelium functional genomics
Creators: name: Jaques, Sarah
name: Baldwin, Amy
name: Gruenheit, Nicole
name: Harwood, Adrian
name: Thompson, Chris
name: Chisholm, Rex
name: Keller, Thomas
Publisher: name: F1000Research
Year: 2015

description: We are combining Restriction Enzyme Mediated Integration (REMI) mutagenesis with NGS technology to create a genome-wide set of gene knockout mutants. Using this process, we aim to create a near total collection of Dictyostelium mutants as a new resource for the Dictyostelium community.

The resource will comprise individual, sets and large pools of mutants, with the loci of REMI mutations searchable via dictyBase. To date, we have generated and stored more than 11,000 insertion mutants by REMI. Insertion sites are identified by sequencing the insert/genomic DNA junction. The junctions are captured using MmeI, a type IIC restriction enzyme; indexed with sequencing adapters and amplified by PCR. Following size selection, the target DNA is sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq. A Bioinformatic pipeline has been designed to interpret the data and catalogue the mutants.

So far, the REMI insertion sites for ~1,000 mutants have been identified, including 280 mutants with ‘in-gene’ insertions that are not currently catalogued in the dictyBase stock centre. 84% of the stocks contain a single mutant with a single insertion. 63% have in-gene insertions and 4% contain insertions attributed to hotspots.

This new resource will produce a step change in Dictyostelium genetics. The principle benefits will be the on-line availability of independent and multi-allelic mutants for nearly all Dictyostelium genes, the ease of whole genome phenotypic screens and lastly the capacity to conduct complex phenotyping of protein families.
OpenBio.eu: An Online Social Workflow Management System and Research Object Repository
Creators: name: Kanterakis, Alexandros
name: Galateia Iatraki
name: Lefteris Koumakis
name: Pityanou, Konstantina
name: Koutoulakis, Manolis
name: Kanakaris, Nikos
name: Karacapilidis, Nikos
name: Potamias, George
Publisher: name: F1000 Research Limited
Year: 2019

description: Today there is a plethora of Open Source Workflow Management Systems (WMS) aiming at organizing research, automating analysis, discovering valuable Research Objects (ROs) and, ultimately, battling the reproducibility crisis. Despite the technical maturity of these tools and the efforts of communities like OBF to spread their use, we can roughly estimate that less than 1% of the published analysis that combine multiple ROs use any WMS. Besides, there are still important features that are in the best case partially supported by existing WMSs, thus limiting their applicability. In brief, these features are: (i) steep learning curve from non-IT experts, (ii) custom Domain Specific Languages, (iii) requirement for local installation, (iv) inability to cooperate with other WMS, (v) lack of rewarding to scientists that add content, (vi) lack of a single, browsable repository with easily downloadable and executable ROs that also contains usage statistics and resource requirements, and (vii) inability to rate and comment existing ROs. To remedy these issues, we present the first version of OpenBio-C, which is an online WMS, workflow composer, RO repository, and Q&A site, targeting all science enthusiasts. It requires no IT knowledge and supports RO import and export from a variety of existing WMS.
HI Global Scaling Relations in the WISE-WHISP Survey
Creators: name: Naluminsa, Elizabeth
name: Elson, Edward C.
name: Jarrett, Thomas H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the global scaling relations between the neutral atomic hydrogen gas, the stellar disk and the star forming disk in a sample of 228 nearby galaxies that are both spatially and spectrally resolved in HI line emission. We have used HI data from the Westerbork survey of HI in Irregular and Spiral galaxies (WHISP) and Mid Infrared (3.4 $μm$, 11.6 $μm$) data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) survey, combining two datasets that are well-suited to such a study in terms of uniformity, resolution and sensitivity. We utilize the novel method of deriving scaling relations for quantities enclosed within the stellar disk rather than integrating over the HI disk and find the global scaling relations to be tighter when defined for enclosed quantities. We also present new HI intensity maps for the WHISP survey derived using a robust noise rejection technique along with corresponding velocity fields.
description: 18 pages, 5 tables, 16 Figures. Accepted for publication in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Minor revision
THE USE OF GNSS-MONITORING DATA IN THE SYNTHESIS OF VEHICLE DRIVING CYCLES
Creators: name: Manyashin A., V.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: driving cycles
satellite monitoring
trainable neural networks

description: The car is the main polluter of the environment. This is due to the fact that until now most vehicles use a power plant powered by organic fuels. To determine the toxicity of the of exhaust gases, the engines are tested at transient modes according to the so-called driving cycles. Driving cycles, as a rule, are a dependence of speed on current time, are widely used in road transport. The transient modes reproduced by driving cycles are predominant, especially in the use of cars in urban environments, so it is so important that the reference cycle used in estimating emissions corresponds to the actual operating conditions. The article considers the problem of establishing the characteristics of a typical driving cycle based on real high-speed profiles of cars obtained as a result of GNSS monitoring.
Integrable and Superintegrable Potentials of 2d Autonomous Conservative Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Mitsopoulos, Antonios
name: Tsamparlis, Michael
name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the generic quadratic first integral (QFI) of the form $I=K_{ab}(t,q)\dot{q}^{a}\dot{q}^{b}+K_{a}(t,q)\dot{q}^{a}+K(t,q)$ and require the condition $dI/dt=0$. The latter results in a system of partial differential equations which involve the tensors $K_{ab}(t,q)$, $K_{a}(t,q)$, $K(t,q)$ and the dynamical quantities of the dynamical equations. These equations divide in two sets. The first set involves only geometric quantities of the configuration space and the second set contains the interaction of these quantities with the dynamical fields. A theorem is presented which provides a systematic solution of the system of equations in terms of the collineations of the kinetic metric in the configuration space. This solution being geometric and covariant, applies to higher dimensions and curved spaces. The results are applied to the simple but interesting case of two-dimensional (2d) autonomous conservative Newtonian potentials. It is found that there are two classes of 2d integrable potentials and that superintegrable potentials exist in both classes. We recover most main previous results, which have been obtained by various methods, in a single and systematic way.
TO CALCULATION OF A MAGNETIC INTENSITY AND CURRENT DENSITY OF PONDEROMOTIVE FACTORS
Creators: name: Savenko, V.S.
name: Ravutskaya Zh.I.
Publisher: name: Deutsche Internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft
Year: 2021
Subjects: Microwave radiation
impulse current
steel 12X18H10T
deformation
microstructure
electroplastic deformation
ponderomotive factors

description: Influence of the microwave oven radiation on processes of the fissile deformation and a relaxation of mechanical tension in the loaded exemplars of stainless steel is established at action of impulses of current and the different directions of a vector E microwave ovens radiations concerning an exemplar axis. The analysis of a microstructure of exemplars with current and without current in various parameters showed significant influence of external power impacts on deformation of grains of steel. Change of phase structure on the maintenance of martensitic and austenitic phases in steel is established. Results demonstrate existence of the additional mechanism of an electroplastic strain in crossed fields of microwave radiation and an internal magnetic field of current.
Graph convex hull bounds as generalized Jensen inequalities
Creators: name: Klebanov, Ilja
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Jensen's inequality
subject: arbitrary functions
subject: generalizing
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::510 Mathematik::510 Mathematik

description: Jensen’s inequality is ubiquitous in measure and probability theory, statistics, machine learning, information theory and many other areas of mathematics and data science. It states that, for any convex function𝑓∶ 𝐾 → ℝ defined on a convex domain 𝐾 ⊆ ℝ𝑑 and any random variable 𝑋 taking values in 𝐾, 𝔼[𝑓(𝑋)] ⩾ 𝑓(𝔼[𝑋]). In this paper, sharp upper and lower bounds on 𝔼[𝑓(𝑋)], termed ‘graph convex hull bounds’, are derived for arbitrary functions 𝑓 on arbitrary domains 𝐾, thereby extensively generalizing Jensen’s inequality. The derivation of these bounds necessitates the investigation of the convex hull of the graph of 𝑓, which can be challenging for complex functions. On the other hand, once these inequalities are established, they hold, just like Jensen’s inequality, for any 𝐾-valued random variable 𝑋. Therefore, these bounds are of particular interest in cases where 𝑓 is relatively simple and 𝑋 is complicated or unknown. Both finite- and infinite-dimensional domains and codomains of 𝑓 are covered as well as analogous bounds for conditional expectations and Markov operators.
Real-time Plant Health Assessment Via Implementing Cloud-based Scalable Transfer Learning On AWS DeepLens
Creators: name: Khan, Asim
name: Nawaz, Umair
name: Ulhaq, Anwaar
name: Robinson, Randall W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In the Agriculture sector, control of plant leaf diseases is crucial as it influences the quality and production of plant species with an impact on the economy of any country. Therefore, automated identification and classification of plant leaf disease at an early stage is essential to reduce economic loss and to conserve the specific species. Previously, to detect and classify plant leaf disease, various Machine Learning models have been proposed; however, they lack usability due to hardware incompatibility, limited scalability and inefficiency in practical usage. Our proposed DeepLens Classification and Detection Model (DCDM) approach deal with such limitations by introducing automated detection and classification of the leaf diseases in fruits (apple, grapes, peach and strawberry) and vegetables (potato and tomato) via scalable transfer learning on AWS SageMaker and importing it on AWS DeepLens for real-time practical usability. Cloud integration provides scalability and ubiquitous access to our approach. Our experiments on extensive image data set of healthy and unhealthy leaves of fruits and vegetables showed an accuracy of 98.78% with a real-time diagnosis of plant leaves diseases. We used forty thousand images for the training of deep learning model and then evaluated it on ten thousand images. The process of testing an image for disease diagnosis and classification using AWS DeepLens on average took 0.349s, providing disease information to the user in less than a second.
description: 10 Pages, 12 Figures and 6 Tables
Constraints on the Evolution of the Primordial Magnetic Field from the Small-Scale Cosmic Microwave Background Angular Anisotropy
Creators: name: Yamazaki, D.
name: Ichiki, K.
name: Kajino, T.
name: Mathews, G. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) have extended the measured power spectrum to higher multipoles $l\gtrsim$1000, and there appears to be possible evidence for excess power on small angular scales. The primordial magnetic field (PMF) can strongly affect the CMB power spectrum and the formation of large scale structure. In this paper, we calculate the CMB temperature anisotropies generated by including a power-law magnetic field at the photon last-scattering surface (PLSS). We then deduce an upper limit on the PMF based on our theoretical analysis of the power excess on small angular scales. We have taken into account several important effects such as the modified matter sound speed in the presence of a magnetic field. An upper limit to the field strength of $|B_λ|\lesssim$ 4.7 nG at the present scale of 1 Mpc is deduced. This is obtained by comparing the calculated theoretical result including the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect with recent observed data on the small-scale CMB anisotropies from the $Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe$ (WMAP), the Cosmic Background Imager (CBI), and the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR). We discuss several possible mechanisms for the generation and evolution of the PMF.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures, accepted to ApJ April 10, 2006
Limiting Resources Define the Global Pattern of Soil Microbial Carbon Use Efficiency
Creators: name: Cui, Yongxing
name: Hu, Junxi
name: Peng, Shushi
name: Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
name: Moorhead, Daryl L.
name: Sinsabaugh, Robert L.
name: Xu, Xiaofeng
name: Geyer, Kevin M.
name: Fang, Linchuan
name: Smith, Pete
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: extracellular enzymatic activity
subject: global change factors
subject: microbial metabolisms
subject: resource limitations
subject: soil carbon cycling
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Microbial carbon (C) use efficiency (CUE) delineates the proportion of organic C used by microorganisms for anabolism and ultimately influences the amount of C sequestered in soils. However, the key factors controlling CUE remain enigmatic, leading to considerable uncertainty in understanding soil C retention and predicting its responses to global change factors. Here, we investigate the global patterns of CUE estimate by stoichiometric modeling in surface soils of natural ecosystems, and examine its associations with temperature, precipitation, plant-derived C and soil nutrient availability. We found that CUE is determined by the most limiting resource among these four basic environmental resources within specific climate zones (i.e., tropical, temperate, arid, and cold zones). Higher CUE is common in arid and cold zones and corresponds to limitations in temperature, water, and plant-derived C input, while lower CUE is observed in tropical and temperate zones with widespread limitation of nutrients (e.g., nitrogen or phosphorus) in soil. The contrasting resource limitations among climate zones led to an apparent increase in CUE with increasing latitude. The resource-specific dependence of CUE implies that soils in high latitudes with arid and cold environments may retain less organic C in the future, as warming and increased precipitation can reduce CUE. In contrast, oligotrophic soils in low latitudes may increase organic C retention, as CUE could be increased with concurrent anthropogenic nutrient inputs. The findings underscore the importance of resource limitations for CUE and suggest asymmetric responses of organic C retention in soils across latitudes to global change factors.
Non-Performing Assets: A Brunt on Financial Performance of Banks
Creators: name: Kalra, Neha
name: Shaveta Gupta
name: Bagga, Rajesh
Publisher: name: Asian Forum on Business Education (AFBE)
Year: 2012
Subjects: Non-performing assets,SARFAESI,Correlation Analysis and Multiple Regression Analysis

description: 2, 5, AFBE Journal
New limits on the density of the extragalactic background light in the optical to the far-infrared from the spectra of all known TeV blazars
Creators: name: Mazin, Daniel
name: Raue, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Aims: We derive limits on the EBL density from the energy spectra of distant sources of very high energetic gamma-rays (VHE gamma-rays). Methods: VHE gamma-rays are attenuated by the photons of the EBL via pair production, which leaves an imprint in the measured spectra from distant sources. In this paper we present a new method to derive constraints on the EBL. Hereby, we use only very basic assumptions about TeV blazar physics and no pre-defined EBL model, but rather a large number of generic shapes constructed from a grid in EBL density vs. wavelength. In our study we utilize spectral data from all known TeV blazars, making this the most complete study so far. Results: We derive limits on the EBL for three individual TeV blazar spectra (Mkn 501, H1426+428, 1ES1101-232) and for all spectra combined. Combining the results from individual spectra leads to significantly stronger constraints over a wide wavelength range from the optical (~ 1 micron) to the far-infrared (~ 80 microns). The limits are only a factor of 2 to 3 above the absolute lower limits derived from source counts. In the mid-infrared our limits are the strongest constraints derived from TeV blazar spectra so far. A high density of the EBL around 1 micron, reported by direct detection experiments, can be excluded. Conclusions: Our results can be interpreted in two ways: (i) The EBL is almost resolved by source counts, leaving only little room for additional components by e.g. the first stars or (ii) the assumptions about the underlying physics are not valid, which would require substantial changes in the standard emission models of TeV blazars.
description: 16 pages, 15 figures, A&A in press
On Predicting the Polarization of Low Frequency Emission by Diffuse Interstellar Dust
Creators: name: Martin, P. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Several of the current and next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments have polarimetric capability, promising to add to the finesse of precision cosmology. One of the contaminating Galactic foregrounds is thermal emission by dust. Since optical interstellar polarization is commonly seen, from differential extinction by aligned aspherical dust particles, it is expected that thermal emission from these grains will be polarized. Indeed, in the Galactic plane and in dark (molecular) clouds, dust emission in the infrared and submillimetre has been measured to be polarized. It seems likely that the faint diffuse cirrus emission, of more relevance to CMB experiments, will be polarized too. We discuss how well the amount of polarization of this component can be predicted, making use of what is known about optical (and infrared and ultraviolet) interstellar polarization and extinction. Some constraints on the alignment of the carrier of the dust-correlated anomalous microwave emission can be made as well.
description: 24 pages; LaTeX2e uses eas.cls; embeds 14 ps/eps files into 10 Figures in document. To appear in "Sky Polarisation at Far-infrared to Radio Wavelengths: The Galactic Screen before the Cosmic Microwave Background," eds. M.-A. Miville-Deschenes and F. Boulanger. EAS Publications Series, Paris. Proceedings of a conference held at IAS, University of Paris-Sud, September 2005
Star formation and nuclear activity in luminous infrared galaxies: An infrared through radio review
Creators: name: Perez-Torres, Miguel
name: Mattila, Seppo
name: Alonso-Herrero, Almudena
name: Aalto, Susanne
name: Efstathiou, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Nearby galaxies offer unique laboratories allowing multi-wavelength spatially resolved studies of the interstellar medium, star formation and nuclear activity across a broad range of physical conditions. In particular, detailed studies of individual local luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) are crucial for gaining a better understanding of these processes and for developing and testing models that are used to explain statistical studies of large populations of such galaxies at high redshift for which it is currently impossible to reach a sufficient physical resolution. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of spatially resolved infrared, sub-millimetre and radio observations in the study of the interstellar medium, star formation and active galactic nuclei as well as their interplay in local LIRGs. We also present an overview of the modelling of their spectral energy distributions using state-of-the-art radiative transfer codes. These contribute necessary and powerful 'workhorse' tools for the study of LIRGs (and their more luminous counterparts) at higher redshifts which are unresolved in observations. We describe how spatially-resolved time domain observations have recently opened a new window to study the nuclear activity in LIRGs. We describe in detail the observational characteristics of Arp 299 which is one of the best studied local LIRGs and exemplifies the power of the combination of high-resolution observations at infrared to radio wavelengths together with radiative transfer modelling used to explain the spectral energy distributions of its different components. We summarise the previous achievements obtained using high-spatial resolution observations and provide an outlook into what we can expect to achieve with future facilities.
description: 104 pages, 25 figures, Invited review article for The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review, accepted for publication
The Tetrapyrollic Motif in Nitrogen Doped Carbons and M-N-C Electrocatalysts as Active Site in the Outer-Sphere Mechanism of the Alkaline Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Creators: name: Menga, Davide
name: Low, Jian Liang
name: Buzanich, Ana Guilherme
name: Paulus, Beate
name: Fellinger, Tim-Patrick
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: atomically dispersed catalysts
subject: M-N-C catalysts
subject: oxygen reduction reaction
subject: PGM free
subject: tetrapyrrolic sites
subject: turnover frequency
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Development and fundamental understanding of precious-group-metal-free electrocatalysts is hampered by limitations in the quantification of the intrinsic activity of different catalytic sites and understanding the different reaction mechanisms. Comparing isomorphic nitrogen-doped carbons, Zn-N-Cs and Fe-N-Cs with the common tetrapyrrolic motif, a catalyst-independent outer-sphere rate-determining step in the alkaline oxygen reduction reaction is observed. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations on tetrapyrrolic model structures indicate the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level as a good descriptor for the catalytic activity. Contour plots suggest that the electron transfer occurs directly from the tetrapyrrolic coordination site, rather than from the metal center. Metal-free tetrapyrrolic N4 sites are discovered to be highly active oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) active sites in alkaline that reach turnover frequencies (TOF) of 0.33 and 1.84 s−1 at 0.80 and 0.75 VRHE in the order of magnitude of tetrapyrrolic Fe–N4 sites in the acidic ORR. While Zn-coordination lowers the HOMO level and therefore the catalytic activity, Fe-coordination lifts the HOMO level resulting in TOF values of 0.4 and 4 s−1 for tetrapyrrolic Fe–N4 sites at 0.90 and 0.85 VRHE, respectively. At higher mass activities, the peroxide reduction becomes rate-limiting, where highest peroxide production rates are observed for the nitrogen-doped carbon.
Very high energy gamma-ray emission from X-ray transients during major outbursts
Creators: name: Orellana, M.
name: Romero, G. E.
name: Pellizza, L. J.
name: Vidrih, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Some high mass X-ray binaries (HMXB) have been recently confirmed as gamma-ray sources by ground based Cherenkov telescopes. In this work, we discuss the gamma-ray emission from X-ray transient sources formed by a Be star and a highly magnetized neutron star. This kind of systems can produce variable hadronic gamma-ray emission through the mechanism proposed by Cheng and Ruderman, where a proton beam accelerated in the pulsar magnetosphere impacts the transient accretion disk. We choose as case of study the best known system of this class: A0535+26. Aims: We aim at making quantitative predictions about the very high-energy radiation generated in Be-X ray binary systems with strongly magnetized neutron stars. Methods: We study the gamma-ray emission generated during a major X-ray outburst of a HMXB adopting for the model the parameters of A0535+26. The emerging photon signal from the disk is determined by the grammage of the disk that modulates the optical depth. The electromagnetic cascades initiated by photons absorbed in the disk are explored, making use of the so-called "Approximation A" to solve the cascade equations. Very high energy photons induce Inverse Compton cascades in the photon field of the massive star. We implemented Monte Carlo simulations of these cascades, in order to estimate the characteristics of the resulting spectrum. Results: TeV emission should be detectable by Cherenkov telescopes during a major X-ray outburst of a binary formed by a Be star and a highly magnetized neutron star. The gamma-ray light curve is found to evolve in anti-correlation with the X-ray signal.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysical journal
Bunonema reticulatum Richters 1905
Creators: name: P. A. A. LOOF
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1971
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Nematoda
Chromadorea
Rhabditida
Bunonematidae
Bunonema
Bunonema reticulatum

description: Bunonema reticulatum Richters, 1905.
One female. Dimensions: L = 0.27 mm; a = 12.6; b = 3.3; c = 14.1; V = 125810. Wart series consisting of 38 warts, the anterior one separate. Sample 68.
description: Published as part of P. A. A. LOOF, 1971, FREELIVING AND PLANT PARASITIC NEMATODES FROM SPITZBERGEN, COLLECTED BY MR. H. VAN ROSSEN, pp. 1-86 in Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 71 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.8152982