cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The BPS sectors of the Skyrme model and their non-BPS extensions
Creators: name: Adam, C.
name: Foster, D.
name: Krusch, S.
name: Wereszczynski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two recently found coupled BPS submodels of the Skyrme model are further analyzed. Firstly, we provide a geometrical formulation of the submodels in terms of the eigenvalues of the strain tensor. Secondly, we study their thermodynamical properties and show that the mean-field equations of state coincide at high pressure and read $p=\barρ/3$. We also provide evidence that matter described by the first BPS submodel has some similarity with a Bose-Einstein condensate. Moreover, we show that extending the second submodel to a non-BPS model by including certain additional terms of the full Skyrme model does not spoil the respective ansatz, leading to an ordinary differential equation for the profile of the Skymion, for any value of the topological charge. This allows for an almost analytical description of the properties of Skyrmions in this model. In particular, we analytically study the breaking and restoration of the BPS property. Finally, we provide an explanation of the success of the rational map ansatz.
description: LaTex file, 27 pages, 5 figures. v2: An error in Section V (old version) corrected, paper slightly reorganised, main conclusions unchanged. v3: version accepted for publication in PRD, minor changes
title: 01_0383
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
[1, 2]-sets and [1, 2]-total Sets in Trees with Algorithms
Creators: name: Goharshady, Amir Kafshdar
name: Hooshmandasl, Mohammad Reza
name: Meybodi, Mohsen Alambardar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A set $S \subseteq V$ of the graph $G = (V, E)$ is called a $[1, 2]$-set of $G$ if any vertex which is not in $S$ has at least one but no more than two neighbors in $S$. A set $S \subseteq V$ is called a $[1, 2]$-total set of $G$ if any vertex of $G$, no matter in $S$ or not, is adjacent to at least one but not more than two vertices in $S$. In this paper we introduce a linear algorithm for finding the cardinality of the smallest $[1, 2]$-sets and $[1, 2]$-total sets of a tree and extend it to a more generalized version for $[i, j]$-sets, a generalization of $[1, 2]$-sets. This answers one of the open problems proposed in [5]. Then since not all trees have $[1, 2]$-total sets, we devise a recursive method for generating all the trees that do have such sets. This method also constructs every $[1, 2]$-total set of each tree that it generates.
Bianchi type-I Dust Filled Accelerating Brans- Dicke Cosmology
Creators: name: Sharma, Umesh Kumar
name: Goswami, Gopi Kant
name: Pradhan, Anirudh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, spatially homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological models of Brans-Dicke theory of gravitation are investigated. The model represents accelerating universe at present and is considered to be dominated by dark energy. Cosmological constant $Λ$ is considered as a candidate for the dark energy that has negative pressure and is responsible for the present acceleration. The derived model agrees at par with the recent SN Ia observations. We have set BD-coupling constant $ω$ to be ~$40000$, ~seeing the solar system tests and evidences. We have discussed the various physical and geometrical properties of the models and have compared them with the corresponding relativistic models.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1: of Acanthamoeba keratitis related to contact lens use in a tertiary hospital in China
Creators: name: Li, Weiwei
name: Wang, Zhiqun
name: Qu, Jinghao
name: Zhang, Yang
name: Sun, Xuguang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology

description: Attachment 1 Cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis related to contact lens in each year (DOCX 13 kb)
Robustness of multiparty nonlocality to local decoherence
Creators: name: Jang, Sung Soon
name: Cheong, Yong Wook
name: Kim, Jaewan
name: Lee, Hai-Woong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the robustness of multiparty nonlocality under local decoherence, acting independently and equally on each subsystems. To be specific, we consider an N-qubit GHZ state under depolarization, dephasing, or dissipation channel, and tested the nonlocality by violation of Mermin-Klyshko inequality, which is one of Bell's inequalities for multi-qubit systems. The results show that the robustness of nonlocality increases with the number of qubits, and that the nonlocality of an N-qubit GHZ state with even N is extremely persistent against dephasing.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Charged Boson Stars and Black Holes with Non-Minimal Coupling to Gravity
Creators: name: Verbin, Y.
name: Brihaye, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We find new spherically symmetric charged boson star solutions of a complex scalar field coupled non-minimally to gravity by a "John-type" term of Horndeski theory, that is a coupling between the kinetic scalar term and Einstein tensor. We study the parameter space of the solutions and find two distinct families according to their position in parameter space. More widespread is the family of solutions (which we call branch 1) existing for a finite interval of the central value of the scalar field starting from zero and ending at some finite maximal value. This branch contains as a special case the charged boson stars of the minimally coupled theory. In some regions of parameter space we find a new second branch ("branch 2") of solutions which are more massive and more stable than those of branch 1. This second branch exists also in a finite interval of the central value of the scalar field, but its end points (either both or in some cases only one) are extremal Reissner-Nordstrom black hole solutions.
description: Revised version. Accepted for publication in Phys Rev D
Więckowska et al 2018- Open Data.pdf
Creators: name: Gajewska-Wozniak, Olga
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 60805 Animal Neurobiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Repository of raw data for Wieckowska et al., 2018
Gauge-Invariant and Gauge-Fixed D-Brane Actions
Creators: name: Aganagic, Mina
name: Popescu, Costin
name: Schwarz, John H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The first part of this paper presents actions for Dirichlet p-branes embedded in a flat 10-dimensional space-time. The fields of the (p+1)-dimensional world-volume theories are the 10d space-time coordinates $ X^m$, a pair of Majorana-Weyl spinors $θ_1$ and $θ_2$, and a U(1) gauge field $A_μ$. The N = 2A or 2B super-Poincare group in ten dimensions is realized as a global symmetry. In addition, the theories have local symmetries consisting of general coordinate invariance of the world volume, a local fermionic symmetry (called ``kappa''), and U(1) gauge invariance. A detailed proof of the kappa symmetry is given that applies to all cases (p = 0,1, . . ., 9). The second part of the paper presents gauge-fixed versions of these theories. The fields of the 10d (p = 9) gauge-fixed theory are a single Majorana-Weyl spinor $λ$ and the U(1) gauge field $A_μ$. This theory, whose action turns out to be surprisingly simple, is a supersymmetric extension of 10d Born-Infeld theory. It has two global supersymmetries: one represents an unbroken symmetry, and the second corresponds to a broken symmetry for which $λ$ is the Goldstone fermion. The gauge-fixed supersymmetric D-brane theories with $p<9$ can be obtained from the 10d one by dimensional reduction.
description: 33 pages, latex, no figures; revised as requested by referee
Picture communication symbols and voice symbols: iconicity and preference among healthy older adults in Taiwan
Creators: name: Tsai, Meng-Ju
name: Chen, Pei-Chun
name: Wang, Shwu-Jiuan
name: Li, Ren-Hau
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Purpose: Unaided (e.g., speech and gestures) and aided (e.g., symbol corpuses) communication modes facilitate older adults’ expression and comprehension. Adults aged 65 years and above constituted 18.27% of Taiwan’s total population in 2023; hence, prioritizing high-quality healthcare for older adults becomes critical. Commercial symbol corpuses, such as Picture Communication Symbols (PCS) and Voice Symbols (VS), play a vital role in aiding older adults with expression and comprehension in Taiwan. Previous studies on iconicity and preference of symbol corpuses have primarily been conducted in Western and South Asian cultural communities. However, these findings may not apply to all Asian communities. Hence, studies investigating these aspects in specific communities are needed. Through quantitative nonexperimental observations, we explored the iconicity of and preference for PCS and VS among 30 healthy older adults in Taiwan. Materials and Methods: A total of 12 practice words and test words each, familiar to the participants and socially and culturally validated, were selected for the developed VS–PCS iconicity and preference measurement. Verbal choices were made to select one line drawing in both measurements. Results & Conclusions: The findings revealed that VS is significantly more transparent and preferred than PCS. Accounting for the iconicity of and preferences for symbol corpuses is pivotal for symbol selection. Awareness about the learnability of the symbol corpuses being influenced by iconicity and preference, in addition to considering the needs and capabilities of older adults, within Taiwanese cultural communities is raised.Perceptions of iconicity cannot be generalized from one cultural community to another community, but transparency in symbol corpuses leads to higher preferences in similar cultural communities.Healthy older adults in Taiwan believed VS is more transparent and preferred. Awareness about the learnability of the symbol corpuses being influenced by iconicity and preference, in addition to considering the needs and capabilities of older adults, within Taiwanese cultural communities is raised. Perceptions of iconicity cannot be generalized from one cultural community to another community, but transparency in symbol corpuses leads to higher preferences in similar cultural communities. Healthy older adults in Taiwan believed VS is more transparent and preferred.
Autocompletion interfaces make crowd workers slower, but their use promotes response diversity
Creators: name: Liu, Xipei
name: Bagrow, James P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Creative tasks such as ideation or question proposal are powerful applications of crowdsourcing, yet the quantity of workers available for addressing practical problems is often insufficient. To enable scalable crowdsourcing thus requires gaining all possible efficiency and information from available workers. One option for text-focused tasks is to allow assistive technology, such as an autocompletion user interface (AUI), to help workers input text responses. But support for the efficacy of AUIs is mixed. Here we designed and conducted a randomized experiment where workers were asked to provide short text responses to given questions. Our experimental goal was to determine if an AUI helps workers respond more quickly and with improved consistency by mitigating typos and misspellings. Surprisingly, we found that neither occurred: workers assigned to the AUI treatment were slower than those assigned to the non-AUI control and their responses were more diverse, not less, than those of the control. Both the lexical and semantic diversities of responses were higher, with the latter measured using word2vec. A crowdsourcer interested in worker speed may want to avoid using an AUI, but using an AUI to boost response diversity may be valuable to crowdsourcers interested in receiving as much novel information from workers as possible.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures
Multispectral and Hyperspectral Image Fusion Using a 3-D-Convolutional Neural Network
Creators: name: Palsson, Frosti
name: Sveinsson, Johannes R.
name: Ulfarsson, Magnus O.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we propose a method using a three dimensional convolutional neural network (3-D-CNN) to fuse together multispectral (MS) and hyperspectral (HS) images to obtain a high resolution hyperspectral image. Dimensionality reduction of the hyperspectral image is performed prior to fusion in order to significantly reduce the computational time and make the method more robust to noise. Experiments are performed on a data set simulated using a real hyperspectral image. The results obtained show that the proposed approach is very promising when compared to conventional methods. This is especially true when the hyperspectral image is corrupted by additive noise.
Fast and Luminous Transients from the Explosions of Long Lived Massive White Dwarf Merger Remnants
Creators: name: Brooks, Jared
name: Schwab, Josiah
name: Bildsten, Lars
name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Paxton, Bill
name: Blinnikov, Sergei
name: Sorokina, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the evolution and final outcome of long-lived (${\approx}10^5$ years) remnants from the merger of a He white dwarf (WD) with a more massive C/O or O/Ne WD. Using Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics ($\texttt{MESA}$), we show that these remnants have a red giant configuration supported by steady helium burning, adding mass to the WD core until it reaches $M_{\rm core}\approx 1.12-1.20 M_\odot$. At that point, the base of the surface convection zone extends into the burning layer, mixing the helium burning products (primarily carbon and magnesium) throughout the convective envelope. Further evolution depletes the convective envelope of helium, and dramatically slows the mass increase of the underlying WD core. The WD core mass growth re-initiates after helium depletion, as then an uncoupled carbon burning shell is ignited and proceeds to burn the fuel from the remaining metal-rich extended envelope. For large enough initial total merger masses, O/Ne WD cores would experience electron-capture triggered collapse to neutron stars (NSs) after growing to near Chandrasekhar mass ($M_{\rm Ch}$). Massive C/O WD cores could suffer the same fate after a carbon-burning flame converts them to O/Ne. The NS formation would release ${\approx}10^{50}$ ergs into the remaining extended low mass envelope. Using the STELLA radiative transfer code, we predict the resulting optical light curves from these exploded envelopes. Reaching absolute magnitudes of $M_V\approx -17$, these transients are bright for about one week, and have many features of the class of luminous, rapidly evolving transients studied by Drout and collaborators.
description: 12 pages, 9 Figures, 1 Table
Electron impact excitation of Helium-like ions up to n=4 levels including radiation damping
Creators: name: Delahaye, Franck
name: Pradhan, Anil K.
name: Zeippen, Claude J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Helium-like ions provide the most important X-ray spectral diagnostics in high temperature fusion and astrophysical plasmas. We previously presented computed collision strengths for O~VII including relativistic fine structure, levels up to the $n=4$ complex and radiation damping of autoionizing resonances. We have extended this work to other He-like ions (N, Ne, Mg, Al, Si, S, Ca). The calculations are carried out using the Breit-Pauli R-matrix (BPRM) method with a 31-level eigenfunction expansion. Collision strengths for the principal lines important in X-ray plasma diagnostics, w, x, y and z, corresponding to the 4 transitions to the ground level 1s^2(^1S_0)
description: 13 pages, 6 figures, submitted to J.Phys.B
Nonequilibrium quark production in the expanding QCD plasma
Creators: name: Tanji, Naoto
name: Berges, Juergen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform real-time lattice simulations of nonequilibrium quark production in the longitudinally expanding QCD plasma. Starting from a highly occupied gluonic state with vacuum quark sector, we extract the time evolution of quark and gluon number densities per unit transverse area and rapidity. The total quark number shows after an initial rapid increase an almost linear growth with time. Remarkably, this growth rate appears to be consistent with a simple kinetic theory estimate involving only two-to-two scattering processes in small-angle approximation. This extends previous findings about the role of two-to-two scatterings for purely gluonic dynamics in accordance with the early stages of the bottom-up thermalization scenario.
description: 33 pages, 23 figures, published version
A long wavelength colourimetric chemosensor for fluoride
Creators: name: Marchetti, Luke A.
name: Mao, Nan
name: Krämer, Tobias
name: Kitchen, Jonathan A.
name: Elmes, Robert B. P.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: A family of chemosensors based on the squaramidoquinoxaline moiety (cyclobuta[b]quinoxaline-1,2(3H,8H)-dione) (1–3) have been assembled by a simple room temperature one step synthesis. X-ray crystallographic analysis of 2 demonstrated both strong hydrogen bond donor ability and tendency to π stack in the solid state. Moreover, Compound 2, with its strongly electron withdrawing nitro-substituent, showed an obvious F− selective colour change (when measured against other halides) clearly visible to the naked eye from pink to green in DMSO solution. Further addition of F− led to a second colour change from green to yellow. Using TD-DFT, UV/Vis and NMR analysis we conclude that the observed colour changes are likely to be due to a two-step process involving two NH deprotonation steps. Colour changes of 1 and 3 were not as apparent in the presence of F− owing to the reduced acidity of the NH functionality of the squaramidoquinoxaline. The results of this study again demonstrate the use of squaramide derivatives as valuable building blocks in the field of anion recognition and demonstrate that the electron withdrawing aryl substituent is directly related to the sensing ability/acidity of the squaramide protons and can be used to tune their anion recognition behavior.
No Time for Dead Time: Use the Fourier Amplitude Differences to Normalize Dead-time-affected Periodograms
Creators: name: Bachetti, Matteo
name: Huppenkothen, Daniela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dead time affects many of the instruments used in X-ray astronomy, by producing a strong distortion in power density spectra. This can make it difficult to model the aperiodic variability of the source or look for quasi-periodic oscillations. Whereas in some instruments a simple a priori correction for dead-time-affected power spectra is possible, this is not the case for others such as NuSTAR, where the dead time is non-constant and long (~2.5 ms). Bachetti et al. 2015 suggested the cospectrum obtained from light curves of independent detectors within the same instrument as a possible way out, but this solution has always only been a partial one: the measured rms was still affected by dead time, because the width of the power distribution of the cospectrum was modulated by dead time in a frequency-dependent way. In this Letter we suggest a new, powerful method to normalize cospectra and, with some caveats, even power density spectra. Our approach uses the difference of the Fourier amplitudes from two independent detectors to characterize and filter out the effect of dead time. This method is crucially important for the accurate modelling of periodograms derived from instruments affected by dead time on board current missions like NuSTAR and ASTROSAT, but also future missions such as IXPE
description: 8 pages, 5 figures, Published on ApJL on 2018 January 30
title: ADCO, Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0290r
Creators: name: de la Côte d'Or, Archives départementales
name: CG21/F.PETOT/2012
name: Archives Départementales De La Côte-D'Or
name: Petot, Frédérique
name: Projet CBMA
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi
subject: Chartes de la Bourgogne du Moyen Âge
subject: cartulaire
subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0290r, Numérisation en mode image.
description: Relation: http://www.cbma-project.eu/
description: Bibliographic citation: Cartulaire général de Cîteaux, dit de Jean de Cirey, (XVe siècle), tome IV, Archives départementales de la Côte-d'Or, Cart. 188 (11 H 73), f. 0290r, in Projet CBMA - Corpus Burgundiae Medii Aevi [Ressource en ligne], https:// manuscrits.cbma-project.eu/
description: Provenance: abbaye de Cîteaux
description: Provenance: http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q843261
description: Provenance: https://www.geonames.org/3024876
description: Provenance: http://www.idref.fr/030974844/id
description: Provenance: https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12228351v
Renormalization Group Study of the soliton mass on the (lambda Phi^4)_{1+1} lattice model
Creators: name: Ciria, J. C.
name: Tarancon, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute, on the $(λΦ^4)_{1+1}$ model on the lattice, the soliton mass by means of two very different numerical methods. First, we make use of a ``creation operator'' formalism, measuring the decay of a certain correlation function. On the other hand we measure the shift of the vacuum energy between the symmetric and the antiperiodic systems. The obtained results are fully compatible. We compute the continuum limit of the mass from the perturbative Renormalization Group equations. Special attention is paid to ensure that we are working on the scaling region, where physical quantities remain unchanged along any Renormalization Group Trajectory. We compare the continuum value of the soliton mass with its perturbative value up to one loop calculation. Both quantities show a quite satisfactory agreement. The first is slightly bigger than the perturbative one; this may be due to the contributions of higher order corrections.
description: 19 pages, preprint DFTUZ/93/04
Vacuum Structure of Two-Dimensional Gauge Theories on the Light Front
Creators: name: McCartor, G.
name: Robertson, D. G.
name: Pinsky, S. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the problem of vacuum structure in light-front field theory in the context of (1+1)-dimensional gauge theories. We begin by reviewing the known light-front solution of the Schwinger model, highlighting the issues that are relevant for reproducing the $θ$-structure of the vacuum. The most important of these are the need to introduce degrees of freedom initialized on two different null planes, the proper incorporation of gauge field zero modes when periodicity conditions are used to regulate the infrared, and the importance of carefully regulating singular operator products in a gauge-invariant way. We then consider SU(2) Yang-Mills theory in 1+1 dimensions coupled to massless adjoint fermions. With all fields in the adjoint representation the gauge group is actually SU(2)$/Z_2$, which possesses nontrivial topology. In particular, there are two topological sectors and the physical vacuum state has a structure analogous to a $θ$ vacuum. We formulate the model using periodicity conditions in $x^\pm$ for infrared regulation, and consider a solution in which the gauge field zero mode is treated as a constrained operator. We obtain the expected $Z_2$ vacuum structure, and verify that the discrete vacuum angle which enters has no effect on the spectrum of the theory. We then calculate the chiral condensate, which is sensitive to the vacuum structure. The result is nonzero, but inversely proportional to the periodicity length, a situation which is familiar from the Schwinger model. The origin of this behavior is discussed.
description: 29 pages, uses RevTeX. Improved discussion of the physical subspace generally and the vacuum states in particular. Basic conclusions are unchanged, but some specific results are modified
Ethical approval document from Polycaprolactone nanofibres loaded with 20(S)-protopanaxadiol for in vitro and vivo anti-tumour activity study
Creators: name: Liu, Dan-Qing
name: Cheng, Zhi-Qiang
name: Feng, Qing-Jie
name: He-Jie Li
name: Ye, Shu-Feng
name: Teng, Bo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2018
Subjects: Biochemistry

description: In this work, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD)-loaded polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibres were successfully fabricated by the electrospinning technique using Tween 80 as a solubilizer. Firstly, smooth and continuous nanofibres were collected using suitable solvents and appropriate spinning conditions. Secondly, nanofibre mats were characterized by scanning electron microscope, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mechanical test. Finally, nanofibrous membranes were evaluated using water contact angle, in vitro drug release, biodegradation test, in vitro and vivo anti-tumour activity and cell apoptosis assay. Scanning electron microscopic observations indicated that the diameter of the drug-loaded nanofibres increased with the increase of drug concentration. TG analysis and mechanical test showed that nanofibres were equipped with great thermal and mechanical properties. Biodegradation test exhibited that the structure of fabricated nanofibres had a certain degree of change after 15 days. An in vitro release study showed that PPD from drug-loaded nanofibres could be released in a sustained and prolonged mode. The cytotoxic effect of drug-loaded nanofibre mats examined on the human laryngeal carcinoma cells (Hep-2 cells) demonstrated that the prepared nanofibres had a remarkable anti-tumour effect. Meanwhile, the drug-loaded fibre mats showed a super anti-tumour effect in vivo anti-tumour study. All in all, PCL nanofibres could be a potential carrier of PPD for cancer treatment.
On geometric phases for quantum trajectories
Creators: name: Sjöqvist, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A sequence of completely positive maps can be decomposed into quantum trajectories. The geometric phase or holonomy of such a trajectory is delineated. For nonpure initial states, it is shown that well-defined holonomies can be assigned by using Uhlmann's concept of parallel transport along the individual trajectories. We put forward an experimental realization of the geometric phase for a quantum trajectory in interferometry. We argue that the average over the phase factors for all quantum trajectories that build up a given open system evolution, fails to reflect the geometry of the open system evolution itself.
description: Submitted to the Proceedings of the 13th CEWQO 2006 in Vienna
Detecting shock waves in cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations
Creators: name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Springel, Volker
name: Ensslin, Torsten A.
name: Jubelgas, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a formalism for the identification and accurate estimation of the strength of structure formation shocks during cosmological smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations. Shocks not only play a decisive role for the thermalization of gas in virialising structures but also for the acceleration of relativistic cosmic rays (CRs) through diffusive shock acceleration. Our formalism is applicable both to ordinary non-relativistic thermal gas, and to plasmas composed of CRs and thermal gas. To this end, we derive an analytical solution to the one-dimensional Riemann shock tube problem for a composite plasma of CRs and thermal gas. We apply our methods to study the properties of structure formation shocks in high-resolution hydrodynamic simulations of the LCDM model. We find that most of the energy is dissipated in weak internal shocks with Mach numbers M~2 which are predominantly central flow shocks or merger shock waves traversing halo centres. Collapsed cosmological structures are surrounded by external shocks with much higher Mach numbers up to M~1000, but they play only a minor role in the energy balance of thermalization. We show that after the epoch of cosmic reionisation the Mach number distribution is significantly modified by an efficient suppression of strong external shock waves due to the associated increase of the sound speed of the diffuse gas. Invoking a model for CR acceleration in shock waves, we find that the average strength of shock waves responsible for CR energy injection is higher than that for shocks that dominate the thermalization of the gas. When combined with radiative dissipation and star formation, our formalism can also be used to study CR injection by supernova shocks, or to construct models for shock-induced star formation in the interstellar medium. (abridged)
description: 20 pages, 7 figures, just appeared in MNRAS, full resolution version available at http://www.cita.utoronto.ca/~pfrommer/Publications/MNRAS.367.113.pdf
Brief von Unbekannt an Leopold Zunz, 05.05.1838
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt
Year: 1838
Subjects: subject: 090

description: Einladung im Namen des Commités der Leipzig-Hamburger gottesdienstlichen Einrichtung zur Predigt während der Leipziger Michaelis-Messe
Non-Critical Strings, Del Pezzo Singularities And Seiberg-Witten Curves
Creators: name: Lerche, W.
name: Mayr, P.
name: Warner, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study limits of four-dimensional type II Calabi-Yau compactifications with vanishing four-cycle singularities, which are dual to $\IT^2$ compactifications of the six-dimensional non-critical string with $E_8$ symmetry. We define proper subsectors of the full string theory, which can be consistently decoupled. In this way we obtain rigid effective theories that have an intrinsically stringy BPS spectrum. Geometrically the moduli spaces correspond to special geometry of certain non-compact Calabi-Yau spaces of an intriguing form. An equivalent description can be given in terms of Seiberg-Witten curves, given by the elliptic simple singularities together with a peculiar choice of meromorphic differentials. We speculate that the moduli spaces describe non-perturbative non-critical string theories.
description: 29 pages, harvmac, 1 figure, minor corrections
Complex action suggests future-included theory
Creators: name: Nagao, Keiichi
name: Nielsen, Holger Bech
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In quantum theory its action is usually taken to be real, but we can consider another theory whose action is complex. In addition, in the Feynman path integral, the time integration is usually performed over the period between the initial time $T_A$ and some specific time, say, the present time $t$. Besides such a future-not-included theory, we can consider the future-included theory, in which not only the past state $| A(T_A) \rangle$ at the initial time $T_A$ but also the future state $| B(T_B) \rangle$ at the final time $T_B$ is given at first, and the time integration is performed over the whole period from the past to the future. Thus quantum theory can be classified into four types, according to whether its action is real or not, and whether the future is included or not. We argue that, if a theory is described with a complex action, then such a theory is suggested to be the future-included theory, rather than the future-not-included theory. Otherwise persons living at different times would see different histories of the universe.
description: Latex 12 pages, 3 figures, typo corrected, presentation improved, the final version to appear in Prog.Theor.Exp.Phys
A Portable High-Quality Random Number Generator for Lattice Field Theory Simulations
Creators: name: Luescher, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1993
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theory underlying a proposed random number generator for numerical simulations in elementary particle physics and statistical mechanics is discussed. The generator is based on an algorithm introduced by Marsaglia and Zaman, with an important added feature leading to demonstrably good statistical properties. It can be implemented exactly on any computer complying with the IEEE--754 standard for single precision floating point arithmetic.
description: pages 0-19, ps-file 174404 bytes, preprint DESY 93-133
Importance of non-flow in mixed-harmonic multi-particle correlations in small collision systems
Creators: name: Huo, Peng
name: Gajdosova, Katarina
name: Jia, Jiangyong
name: Zhou, You
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently CMS Collaboration measured mixed-harmonic four-particle azimuthal correlations, known as symmetric cumulants SC(n,m), in pp and pPb collisions, and interpreted the non-zero SC(n,m) as evidence for long-range collectivity in these small collision systems. Using the PYTHIA and HIJING models which do not have genuine long-range collectivity, we show that the CMS results, obtained with standard cumulant method, could be dominated by non-flow effects associated with jet and dijets, especially in $pp$ collisions. We show that the non-flow effects are largely suppressed using the recently proposed subevent cumulant methods by requiring azimuthal correlation between two or more pseudorapidity ranges. We argue that the reanalysis of SC(n,m) using the subevent method in experiments is necessary before they can used to provide further evidences for a long-range multi-particle collectivity and constraints on theoretical models in small collision systems.
description: 7 pages and 6 figures, replace with published version
A New Description of the E_6 Singularity
Creators: name: Eguchi, Tohru
name: Yang, Sung-Kil
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss a new type of Landau-Ginzburg potential for the E_6 singularity of the form $W=const+(Q_1(x)+P_1(x)\sqrt{P_2(x)})/x^3$ which featured in a recent study of heterotic/typeII string duality. Here $Q_1,P_1$ and $P_2$ are polynomials of degree 15,10 and 10, respectively. We study the properties of the potential in detail and show that it gives a new and consistent description of the E_6 singularity.
description: LaTeX, 13 pages, no figures
Additional file 7 of A meta-analysis of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and concentration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Creators: name: Xie, Binbin
name: He, Jiang
name: Liu, Yong
name: Liu, Ting
name: Liu, Chaoqun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 7. Influence of each study on CEC, HDL-C, CRP and ESR in RA.
Cosmic ray physics in calculations of cosmological structure formation
Creators: name: Ensslin, Torsten A.
name: Pfrommer, Christoph
name: Springel, Volker
name: Jubelgas, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays (CRs) play a decisive role within our own Galaxy. They provide partial pressure support against gravity, they trace past energetic events such as supernovae, and they reveal the underlying structure of the baryonic matter distribution through their interactions. To study the impact of CRs on galaxy and cosmic structure formation and evolution, we develop an approximative framework for treating dynamical and radiative effects of CRs in cosmological simulations. Our guiding principle is to try to find a balance between capturing as many physical properties of CR populations as possible while at the same time requiring as little extra computational resources as possible. We approximate the CR spectrum of each fluid element by a single power-law, with spatially and temporally varying normalisation, low-energy cut-off, and spectral index. Principles of conservation of particle number, energy, and pressure are then used to derive evolution equations for the basic variables describing the CR spectrum, both due to adiabatic and non-adiabatic processes. The processes considered include compression and rarefaction, CR injection via shocks in supernova remnants, injection in structure formation shock waves, in-situ re-acceleration of CRs, CR spatial diffusion, CR energy losses due to Coulomb interactions, ionisation losses, Bremsstrahlung losses, and, finally, hadronic interactions with the background gas, including the associated gamma-ray and radio emission due to subsequent pion decay. We show that the formalism reproduces CR energy densities, pressure, and cooling rates with an accuracy of ~10% in steady state conditions where CR injection balances cooling. Our framework is therefore well suited to be included into numerical simulation schemes of galaxy and structure formation. (abridged)
description: accepted by A&A (in press), 18 pages, 6 figures
Thermal decay of the Coulomb blockade oscillations
Creators: name: Idrisov, Edvin G.
name: Levkivskyi, Ivan P.
name: Sukhorukov, Eugene V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study transport properties and the charge quantization phenomenon in a small metallic island connected to the leads through two quantum point contacts (QPCs). The linear conductance is calculated perturbatively with respect to weak tunneling and weak backscattering at QPCs as a function of the temperature $T$ and gate voltage. The conductance shows Coulomb blockade (CB) oscillations as a function of the gate voltage that decay with the temperature as a result of thermally activated fluctuations of the charge in the island. The regimes of quantum, $T \ll E_C$, and thermal, $T \gg E_C$, fluctuations are considered, where $E_C$ is the charging energy of an isolated island. Our predictions for CB oscillations in the quantum regime coincide with previous findings in [A. Furusaki and K. A. Matveev, Phys. Rev. B {\bf 52}, 16676 (1995)]. In the thermal regime the visibility of Coulomb blockade oscillations decays with the temperature as $\sqrt{T/E_C}\exp(-π^2T/E_C)$, where the exponential dependence originates from the thermal averaging over the instant charge fluctuations, while the prefactor has a quantum origin. This dependence does not depend on the strength of couplings to the leads. The differential capacitance, calculated in the case of a single tunnel junction, shows the same exponential decay, however the prefactor is linear in the temperature. This difference can be attributed to the non-locality of the quantum effects. Our results agree with the recent experiment [S. Jezouin {\em et al}., Nature {\bf 536}, 58 (2016)] in the whole range of the parameter $T/E_C$.
Dramatic reduction of void swelling by helium in ion-irradiated high purity α-iron
Creators: name: Arunodaya Bhattacharya
name: Meslin, Estelle
name: Henry, Jean
name: Décamps, Brigitte
name: Barbu, Alain
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Medicine
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 20199 Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Effect of helium on void swelling was studied in high-purity α-iron, irradiated using energetic self-ions to 157 displacements per atom (dpa) at 773 K, with and without helium co-implantation up to 17 atomic parts-per-million (appm) He/dpa. Helium is known to enhance cavity formation in metals in irradiation environments, leading to early void swelling onset. In this study, microstructure characterization by transmission electron microscopy revealed compelling evidence of dramatic swelling reduction by helium co-implantation, achieved primarily by cavity size reduction. A comprehensive understanding of helium induced cavity microstructure development is discussed using sink strength ratios of dislocations and cavities. IMPACT STATEMENT Reduction of void swelling by helium co-implantation is reported, highlighting that it’s not always true that swelling will be higher in metals when helium is present along with irradiation damage.
Supersymmetry and Membrane Interactions in M(atrix) Theory
Creators: name: Lifschytz, Gilad
name: Mathur, Samir D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate the potential between various configurations of membranes and gravitons in M(atrix) theory. The computed potentials agree with the short distance potentials between corresponding 2-branes and 0-brane configurations in Type IIA string theory, bound to a large number of 0-branes to account for the boost to the infinite momentum frame. We show that, due to the large boost, these type IIA configurations are almost supersymmetric, so that the short and long distance potentials actually agree. Thus the M(atrix) theory is able to reproduce correct long distance behavior in these cases.
description: 26 pages, Latex. Section 2 expanded, we also added a discussion about Lorentz invariance vs Large boosts. Final version to appear in NPB