Ginungagapus Carneiro, Mielke & Casagrande, gen. nov.
Creators: name: Carneiro, Eduardo
name: Mielke, Olaf H. H.
name: Casagrande, M. M.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2015
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Hesperiidae
Ginungagapus

description: Ginungagapus Carneiro, Mielke & Casagrande gen. nov.
Type species. Eutocus schmithi Bell, 1930
Description. Body. Forewing length: 11–18,5 mm. Antennae longer than 1/2 costa; club short (1/4 shaft); shaft basally yellowish to ochreous or whitish; nudum from 10 to 13, only on apiculus. Palpus quadrate (inner edge equal to the transverse width). Palpus ventrally yellowish, red ferruginous or whitish. Length of third segment around half of second segment, cylindrical. DFW dark brown, unmarked or with faint yellowish markings on M3 to CuA2. Brand present, only above CuA origin, triangular or sagitated. VFW dark brown; costal area red ferruginous; radial spots on Sc-R4 present or absent; apical spot bluish, contiguous with marginal band; distal cellular spot opaque, bluish, orange or fainted brown. DHW dark brown, unmarked. VHW posterior half overlaid with bluish scales; central and discal areas delimited between well marked bands or fainted by other coloring markings. Female 8th tergite with spiracular opening, separated from external margin, rounded or ellipsoid. Male genitalia: median posterior projection of tegumen present, developed (almost the size of fenestra) or reduced (half the size of fenestra); fenestra present, triangular or semicircular. Saccus not reduced nor elongated. Uncus smoothly divided (arms not projecting) or bifid (arms projecting); arms close or medially separated. Gnathos as parallel hooked bars, with membranous patch in between. Valvae symmetrical, without posterior median cleft dividing ampulla from harpe; sacculus triangular or rectangular; harpe rounded or projected. Aedeagus shorter than valva + saccus, dorsally straight; coecum lobed or bilobed, dorsally straight, laterally straight or slightly curved to the left; ventroposterior end projecting, bilobed; vesica proximally lightly sclerotized, cornuti absent or as few triangular and/or quadrate spines. Fultura inferior projecting only dorsally; projections extend above aedeagus, medially separated or joined, thin or broad, straight or curved; ventrally thin. Female genitalia: Lamella antevaginalis fused with lamella postvaginalis; lateral expansion characterized as an antero-ventral sclerotized fold below the sterigma, medially separated. Ostium bursae located medially in sterigma, ventrally projected by folds. Posterior margin of lamella postvaginalis dorsally folded, with or without posterior projections. Ductus bursae cylindrical, proximally sclerotized or membranous, with or without sclerotized strucutures within; folded in spiral; corpus bursae with thin or large lateral signa.
Etymology. The name is Latin for the Norse mythological place prior to creation “ Ginungagap ”, a primordial void where nothing existed but the meeting of fire and mist. Both elements represent the color pattern on VHW of the present taxa, in which mixtures of red ferruginous and bluish spot, sometimes smoky, would resembles the fire and mist of the myth.
description: Published as part of Carneiro, Eduardo, Mielke, Olaf H. H. & Casagrande, M. M., 2015, The Neotropical genus Ginungagapus gen. nov. (Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae, Moncini): phylogenetic position and taxonomic review, pp. 196-220 in Zootaxa 3931 (2) on pages 199-200, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3931.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/233416