cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cohors I Hispanorum and the Garrisons of Maryport.
Creators: name: Davies, Roy W
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, 77, 7-16
description: When cohors I Hispanorum built the fort at Maryport early in the reign of Hadrian, it was already milliary, later in the same reign it sent a detachment for service elsewhere, possibly to Judaea c 131, while the rump cohort reverted to the size and status of a quingenary cohort, commanded by prefects. The later garrisons are discussed: in the third century the other cohors I Hispanorum became the garrison and is attested there in the Notitia. DJB
Kohlendioxid, Biomasse und Regenerativer Strom - Ressourcen einer neuen Kohlenstoffwirtschaft?
Creators: name: Marzi, Thomas
name: Görge Deerberg
name: Dötsch, Christian
name: Grevé, Anna
name: Hiebel, Markus
name: Kaluza, Stefan
name: Knappertsbusch, Volker
name: Maga, Daniel
name: Müller, Torsten
name: Pflaum, Hartmut
name: Pohlig, Astrid
name: Renner, Manfred
name: Seifert, Ulrich
name: Stießel, Sebastian
name: Unger, Christoph
name: Wack, Thorsten
name: Weidner, Eckhard
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer UMSICHT
Year: 2017
Subjects: carbon dioxide
Biomasse
renewable energy
Strom

description: No abstract.
Nucleolar stress controls mutant Huntington toxicity and monitors Huntington’s disease progression
Creators: name: Sönmez, Aynur
name: Mustafa, Rasem
name: Ryll, Salome T.
name: Tuorto, Francesca
name: Wacheul, Ludivine
name: Ponti, Maria Donatella
name: Litke, Christian
name: Hering, Tanja
name: Kojer, Kerstin
name: Koch, Jenniver
name: Pitzer, Claudia
name: Kirsch, Joachim
name: Neueder, Andreas
name: Kreiner, Grzegorz
name: Lafontaine, Denis L. J.
name: Orth, Michael
name: Liß, Birgit
name: Parlato, Rosanna
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Huntington's disease
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health
subject: Huntington disease
subject: Cell biology
subject: Huntington-Chorea
subject: Progredienz
subject: Cytologie

description: Transcriptional and cellular-stress surveillance deficits are hallmarks of Huntington’s disease (HD), a fatal autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a pathological expansion of CAG repeats in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene. The nucleolus, a dynamic nuclear biomolecular condensate and the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription, is implicated in the cellular stress response and in protein quality control. While the exact pathomechanisms of HD are still unclear, the impact of nucleolar dysfunction on HD pathophysiology in vivo remains elusive. Here we identified aberrant maturation of rRNA and decreased translational rate in association with human mutant Huntingtin (mHTT) expression. The protein nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), important for nucleolar integrity and rRNA maturation, loses its prominent nucleolar localization. Genetic disruption of nucleolar integrity in vulnerable striatal neurons of the R6/2 HD mouse model decreases the distribution of mHTT in a disperse state in the nucleus, exacerbating motor deficits. We confirmed NPM1 delocalization in the gradually progressing zQ175 knock-in HD mouse model: in the striatum at a presymptomatic stage and in the skeletal muscle at an early symptomatic stage. In Huntington’s patient skeletal muscle biopsies, we found a selective redistribution of NPM1, similar to that in the zQ175 model. Taken together, our study demonstrates that nucleolar integrity regulates the formation of mHTT inclusions in vivo, and identifies NPM1 as a novel, readily detectable peripheral histopathological marker of HD progression.
Search for long-lived heavy neutral leptons with lepton flavour conserving or violating decays to a jet and a charged lepton
Creators: name: CMS Collaboration
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A search for long-lived heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) is presented, which considers the hadronic final state and coupling scenarios involving all three lepton generations in the 2-20 GeV HNL mass range for the first time. Events comprising two leptons (electrons or muons) and jets are analyzed in a data sample of proton-proton collisions, recorded with the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb$^{-1}$. A novel jet tagger, based on a deep neural network, has been developed to identify jets from an HNL decay using various features of the jet and its constituent particles. The network output can be used as a powerful discriminating tool to probe a broad range of HNL lifetimes and masses. Contributions from background processes are determined from data. No excess of events in data over the expected background is observed. Upper limits on the HNL production cross section are derived as functions of the HNL mass and the three coupling strengths $V_{\ell\mathrm{N}}$ to each lepton generation $\ell$ and presented as exclusion limits in the coupling-mass plane, as lower limits on the HNL lifetime, and on the HNL mass. In this search, the most stringent limit on the coupling strength is obtained for pure muon coupling scenarios; values of $\lvert V_{μ\mathrm{N}}\rvert^{2}$ $\gt $ 5 (4) $\times$ 10$^{-7}$ are excluded for Dirac (Majorana) HNLs with a mass of 10 GeV at a confidence level of 95% that correspond to proper decay lengths of 17 (10) mm.
description: Replaced with the published version. Added the journal reference and the DOI. All the figures and tables can be found at http://cms-results.web.cern.ch/cms-results/public-results/publications/EXO-21-013 (CMS Public Pages)
The FLAMINGO project: Baryonic impact on weak gravitational lensing convergence peak counts
Creators: name: Broxterman, Jeger C.
name: Schaller, Matthieu
name: Schaye, Joop
name: Hoekstra, Henk
name: Kuijken, Konrad
name: Helly, John C.
name: Kugel, Roi
name: Braspenning, Joey
name: Elbers, Willem
name: Frenk, Carlos S.
name: Kwan, Juliana
name: McCarthy, Ian G.
name: Salcido, Jaime
name: van Daalen, Marcel P.
name: Vandenbroucke, Bert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Weak gravitational lensing convergence peaks, the local maxima in weak lensing convergence maps, have been shown to contain valuable cosmological information complementary to commonly used two-point statistics. To exploit the full power of weak lensing for cosmology, we must model baryonic feedback processes because these reshape the matter distribution on non-linear and mildly non-linear scales. We study the impact of baryonic physics on the number density of weak lensing peaks using the FLAMINGO cosmological hydrodynamical simulation suite. We generate ray-traced full-sky convergence maps mimicking the characteristics of a Stage IV weak lensing survey. We compare the number densities of peaks in simulations that have been calibrated to reproduce the observed galaxy mass function and cluster gas fraction or to match a shifted version of these, and that use either thermally driven or jet AGN feedback. We show that the differences induced by realistic baryonic feedback prescriptions (typically $5 - 30\%$ for $κ= 0.1 - 0.4$) are smaller than those induced by reasonable variations in cosmological parameters ($20 - 60\%$ for $κ= 0.1 - 0.4$) but must be modeled carefully to obtain unbiased results. The reasons behind these differences can be understood by considering the impact of feedback on halo masses, or by considering the impact of different cosmological parameters on the halo mass function. Our analysis demonstrates that, for the range of models we investigated, the baryonic suppression is insensitive to changes in cosmology up to $κ\approx 0.4$ and that the higher $κ$ regime is dominated by Poisson noise and cosmic variance.
description: 18 pages, 12 figures (including the appendix), Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Cairns on Corney Fell, West Cumberland.
Creators: name: Ward, Jean E
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2008

description: Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, 77, 1-6
description: SD 127904. A cluster of seventy cairns at 700' OD was surveyed and two chosen at random to test whether they were field clearance heaps or burial cairns. Neither produced any finds, nor was careful construction evident; however, phosphorous levels in one were high enough to hint at a former burial. On present data the Cumberland cairnfields, now on agriculturally impoverished land, could have been associated with arable cultivation at c AD 300 or with pastoral activity at c 1100 BC.
Acylated- and unacylated ghrelin during an oral glucose tolerance test in humans at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Creators: name: Wolf, Magnus
name: Heni, Martin
name: Hennige, Anita M.
name: Sippel, Katrin
name: Cegan, Alexander
name: Higuita, Lina María Serna
name: Martus, Peter
name: Häring, Hans-Ulrich
name: Fritsche, Andreas
name: Peter, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Gastrointestinal hormones
subject: Obesity
subject: Pre-diabetes
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health

description: Abstract Background/Objectives The orexigenic peptide hormone ghrelin has been implicated in the pathophysiology of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus through its effects on nutrient homeostasis. Ghrelin is subject to a unique post-translational acyl modification regulating its biochemical activity. Subjects/Methods In this study we aimed to investigate the relation of acylated (AcG) as well as unacylated ghrelin (UnG) with body weight and insulin resistance in the fasting ( n  = 545) and post-oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) state ( n  = 245) in a metabolically well characterized cohort covering a broad range of BMI (17.95 kg/m²–76.25 kg/m²). Results Fasting AcG (median 94.2 pg/ml) and UnG (median 175.3 pg/ml) were negatively and the AcG/UnG ratio was positively correlated with BMI (all p  < 0.0001). Insulin sensitivity (ISI) correlated positively with AcG ( p  = 0.0014) and UnG ( p  = 0.0004) but not with the AcG/UnG ratio. In a multivariate analysis, including ISI and BMI, only BMI, but not ISI was independently associated with AcG and UnG concentrations. Significant changes of AcG and UnG concentrations were detectable after oGTT stimulation, with slight decreases after 30 min and increases after 90–120 min. Subject stratification into BMI-divergent groups revealed more pronounced AcG increases in the two groups with BMI < 40 kg/m². Conclusion Our data demonstrate lower concentrations for both AcG and UnG with increasing BMI as well as an increased proportion of the biologically active, acylated form of ghrelin giving point to pharmacologic intervention in ghrelin acylation and/or increase in UnG for treatment of obesity despite decreased absolute AcG levels.
Unveiling the Bent Jet Structure and Polarization of OJ 287 at 1.7 GHz with Space VLBI
Creators: name: Cho, Ilje
name: Gómez, José L.
name: Lico, Rocco
name: Zhao, Guang-Yao
name: Traianou, Efthalia
name: Dahale, Rohan
name: Fuentes, Antonio
name: Toscano, Teresa
name: Foschi, Marianna
name: Kovalev, Yuri Y.
name: Lobanov, Andrei
name: Pushkarev, Alexander B.
name: Gurvits, Leonid I.
name: Kim, Jae-Young
name: Lisakov, Mikhail
name: Voitsik, Petr
name: Myserlis, Ioannis
name: Pötzl, Felix
name: Ros, Eduardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present total intensity and linear polarization images of OJ287 at 1.68GHz, obtained through space-based VLBI observations with RadioAstron on April 16, 2016. The observations were conducted using a ground array consisting of the VLBA and the EVN. Ground-space fringes were detected with a maximum projected baseline length of 5.6 Earth's diameter, resulting in an angular resolution of 530 uas. With this unprecedented resolution at such a low frequency, the progressively bending jet structure of OJ287 has been resolved up to 10 pc of the projected distance from the radio core. In comparison with close-in-time VLBI observations at 15, 43, 86 GHz from MOJAVE and VLBA-BU-BLAZAR monitoring projects, we obtain the spectral index map showing the opaque core and optically thin jet components. The optically thick core has a brightness temperature of 10$^{13}$ K, and is further resolved into two sub-components at higher frequencies labeled C1 and C2. These sub-components exhibit a transition from optically thick to thin, with a SSA turnover frequency estimated to be 33 and 11.5 GHz, and a turnover flux density 4 and 0.7 Jy, respectively. Assuming a Doppler boosting factor of 10, the SSA values provide the estimate of the magnetic field strengths from SSA of 3.4 G for C1 and 1.0 G for C2. The magnetic field strengths assuming equipartition arguments are also estimated as 2.6 G and 1.6 G, respectively. The integrated degree of linear polarization is found to be approximately 2.5 %, with the electric vector position angle being well aligned with the local jet direction at the core region. This alignment suggests a predominant toroidal magnetic field, which is in agreement with the jet formation model that requires a helical magnetic field anchored to either the black hole ergosphere or the accretion disk. Further downstream, the jet seems to be predominantly threaded by a poloidal magnetic field.
description: 15 pages, 11 figures, 3 tables
Symmetric bifurcated halogen bonds: substituent and cooperative effects
Creators: name: Esrafili, Mehdi D.
name: Vessally, Esmail
name: Solimannejad, Mohammad
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Hematology

description: The aim of this study is to investigate the geometries, interaction energies and bonding properties of the symmetrical bifurcated halogen bond interactions (BXBs) by means of ab initio calculations. For this purpose, the NCX (X = Cl, Br) molecule is paired with a series of N-formyl formamide (NFF) derivatives (NFF-Z, Z = H, CN, CCH, OH, CH3 and Li), and the properties of the resulting complexes are studied by molecular electrostatic potential, quantum theory of atoms in molecules, noncovalent interaction index and natural bond orbital analyses. For a fixed NCX molecule, interaction energies increase in the order of Z = Li > CH3 > H > OH > CCH > CN. We found a strong correlation between the interaction energies of NCX:NFF-Z complexes and molecular electrostatic potential minimum values associated with NFF-Z monomers. Moreover, cooperative effects between BXB and XċċċN halogen bond interactions are studied in the ternary NCX:NCX:NFF-Z systems. Our results indicate that the strength of BXB interactions in the ternary complexes is enhanced by the presence of XċċċN bonds. Besides, cooperativity effects tend to increase the covalency of BXBs in these systems.
Learning human viewpoint preferences from sparsely annotated models
Creators: name: Hartwig, S.
name: Schelling, M.
name: Onzenoodt, C. V.
name: Vázquez, P.‐P.
name: Hermosilla, P.
name: Ropinski, T.
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: user studies
subject: perceptually‐based rendering
subject: DDC 004 / Data processing & computer science
subject: Rendering (Computer graphics)
subject: Interaction
subject: Deep learning
subject: Rendering

description: View quality measures compute scores for given views and are used to determine an optimal view in viewpoint selection tasks. Unfortunately, despite the wide adoption of these measures, they are rather based on computational quantities, such as entropy, than human preferences. To instead tailor viewpoint measures towards humans, view quality measures need to be able to capture human viewpoint preferences. Therefore, we introduce a large-scale crowdsourced data set, which contains 58k annotated viewpoints for 3220 ModelNet40 models. Based on this data, we derive a neural view quality measure abiding to human preferences. We further demonstrate that this view quality measure not only generalizes to models unseen during training, but also to unseen model categories. We are thus able to predict view qualities for single images, and directly predict human preferred viewpoints for 3D models by exploiting point-based learning technology, without requiring to generate intermediate images or sampling the view sphere. We will detail our data collection procedure, describe the data analysis and model training and will evaluate the predictive quality of our trained viewpoint measure on unseen models and categories. To our knowledge, this is the first deep learning approach to predict a view quality measure solely based on human preferences.
Long-Range Structural Order in a Hidden Phase of Ruddlesden-Popper Bilayer Nickelate La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$
Creators: name: Wang, Haozhe
name: Chen, Long
name: Rutherford, Aya
name: Zhou, Haidong
name: Xie, Weiwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recent discovery of superconductivity in Ruddlesden-Popper bilayer nickelate, specifically La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$, has generated significant interest in the exploration of high-temperature superconductivity within this material family. In this study, we present the crystallographic and electrical resistivity properties of two distinct Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates: the bilayer La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ (referred to as 2222-phase) and a previously uncharacterized phase, La$_3$Ni$_2$O$_7$ (1313-phase). The 2222-phase is characterized by a pseudo $F$-centered orthorhombic lattice, featuring bilayer perovskite [LaNiO$_3$] layers interspaced by rock salt [LaO] layers, forming a repeated ...2222... sequence. Intriguingly, the 1313-phase, which displays semiconducting properties, crystallizes in the $Cmmm$ space group and exhibits a pronounced predilection for a $C$-centered orthorhombic lattice. Within this structure, the perovskite [LaNiO$_3$] layers exhibit a distinctive long-range ordered arrangement, alternating between single- and trilayer configurations, resulting in a ...1313... sequence. This report contributes to novel insights into the crystallography and the structure-property relationship of Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates, paving the way for further investigations into their unique physical properties.
The Roman road from Ambleside to Ravenglass.
Creators: name: Richmond, Ian A
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, 49, 15-31
description: A survey of the course and present state of the Roman road across the Wrynose and Hardknott passes was undertaken following a request from the Lakeland Preservation Society, instigated by proposals for tree-planting. The central sector of the length examined contained well-preserved and almost continuous remains of the road, as later activity in the area had been pastoral rather than agricultural. From Ambleside to the Pedder Stone and from Butterilket to Ravenglass agriculture had been widespread and intensive and there was little to see of the road. The three sectors are described in detail, before some general observations are made on the construction of the road and its strategic importance. It is concluded that the scale and careful engineering of this remote road through the mountains accord with logical expectation. LD
A bronze spear-head from Woundale Raise, Troutbeck.
Creators: name: Fell, Clare I
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, 49, 10-14
description: Article presenting an illustration of a bronze spear-head found in Troutbeck in Cumberland over a century previously. The item was kept at Townend in Troutbeck, which itself had recently become the property of the National Trust. The spear-head is of a type most usually dated to the Late Bronze Age, although it may have still been in use in this area considerably later than 500 BC. Three descriptions of the findspot are quoted, as the circumstances of the find are not clear. LD
A prehistoric settlement on Walney Island, Part VI.
Creators: name: Cross, Marjorie
Publisher: name: Archaeology Data Service
Year: 2014

description: Transactions of the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society, 49, 1-9
description: Article describing and illustrating a selection of prehistoric artefacts collected amongst the sandhills on Walney Island during 1947 and 1948. These include flint tools and flakes of the Neolithic to Bronze Age, some portable anvil stones, and small sherds of pottery resembling the transitional Neolithic-Beaker and Domestic Beaker wares found previously at the site. Shells and ox bones derived from middens were also recovered. LD
Effective String Theories (EST) of Yang-Mills Flux Tubes
Creators: name: Dass, N. D. Hari
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This chapter explains the concept of \emph{Effective String Theories}(EST), and their success in explaining the results that Yang-Mills flux tubes behave, to a high degree of accuracy, like Bosonic Strings(BST). It describes EST's of Lüscher and Weisz, and their principal conclusions. It then discusses the Polchinski-Strominger EST's. which are valid in all dimensions. It then describes the works by Drummond, and, the author and Peter Matlock, which extended the analysis to $R^{-3}$ order and showed, that even at that order the spectrum is that of BST. The chapter analyses the issues of string momentum in higher orders. It discusses at length the powerful covariant calculus, to systematically construct EST's to arbitrary orders. The most general actions to $R^{-7}$ order are shown to be governed by just two parameters. The works of Aharony and collaborators on the spectrum of EST's, both in static and conformal gauges,to $R^{-5}$ order, and their results that even at that order the ground state energy remains the same as that of BST, but the excited spectrum gets corrected for $D\,>\,3$, are explained. It discusses the simulation results for excited states. It also discusses the AdS-CFT approaches and thickness of flux tubes.Recent works by Ambjorn, Makeenko, and Sedrakyan on the path-integral approaches to this issue are also discussed and compared with the other approaches. It concludes with remarks on the significance of the results for QCD.
description: This is a preprint of Chapter 22 of the following work: N.D. Hari Dass, Strings to Strings,2023,Springer reproduced with permission of Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. The final authenticated version is available online at the external DOI given below. In v2, typo in ref[47] has been corrected, and a new reference [48] has been added. Abstract has been modified in the light of these
Thermal leptogenesis in anisotropic cosmology
Creators: name: Dehpour, Mehran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: There is no evidence that the universe must have been homogeneous and isotropic before the big bang nucleosynthesis. The Bianchi type-I cosmology is the simplest homogeneous but anisotropic cosmology. In this work, we investigate thermal leptogenesis, as a baryogenesis scenario, in the Bianchi type-I cosmology. Our results show that for specific values of the anisotropy, the modified thermal leptogenesis generated more baryon asymmetry than the standard one. In this way, anisotropy can help to achieve low-scale leptogenesis.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures
Interaction and coherence in 2D bilayers
Creators: name: Zhu, Jihang
name: Sarma, Sankar Das
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In bilayer systems, the additional layer pseudospin enables the emergence of interlayer coherence (IC), which is a direct consequence of the interlayer Coulomb interaction. This study presents a comprehensive HF investigation of IC in 2D bilayers, uncovering ground-state behaviors and temperature-dependent phase transitions that are distinct from single-layer 2DEG. This IC signals a spontaneous breaking of the U(1) symmetry in pseudospin. We explore the zero-temperature phase diagrams as a function of the electron density and interlayer separation within the HF formalism. We also calculate the critical temperature ($T_c$) of the interlayer coherence onset by self-consistently solving the HF gap-like equation. We contrast this IC phase in e-e bilayers with the closely related excitonic superfluid phase in e-h bilayers. Though both e-e and e-h bilayers spontaneously break the pseudospin U(1) symmetry, e-h bilayers produce BCS-BEC crossover intrinsic to the excitons acting as effective bosons or Cooper pairs, whereas the symmetry-broken phase in e-e bilayers is akin to the XY or easy-plane pseudospin ferromagnetism. Using the same system parameters and a similar theoretical framework, we find that $T_c$ of the interlayer coherent phase in e-e bilayers is about one-third of that in exciton condensates, suggesting a weaker IC in e-e bilayers. In addition, we examine the effect of a weak interlayer tunneling on the IC order parameter, drawing parallels with the influence of an effective in-plane magnetic field on the XY pseudospin ferromagnetism. Our findings provide a comparative theoretical framework that bridges the gap between the IC physics in e-e and e-h bilayers, contributing to a unified understanding of phase transitions in low-dimensional electron/hole systems and establishing in particular the same universality class for interlayer phase coherence in both e-e and e-h bilayers.
Analysis of two-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells with differing texture structure, perovskite carrier lifetime and tunneling junction quality
Creators: name: Hsieh, Chun-Hao
name: Huang, Jun-Yu
name: Wu, Yuh-Renn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Presented here is the optimization of a planar two-terminal perovskite/silicon tandem solar cell with a texture structure. The developed simulation model is fitted to published experimental results, and the importance of current matching in the two-terminal structure is discussed. With the texture structure optimized and considering current matching, the optimal texture structure improves $J_{sc}$ from 17.9~mA/cm$^2$ to 20.87~mA/cm$^2$ compared to the planar structure, as well as improving the power conversion efficiency from 25.8% to 35.9%. Furthermore, if the quality of the perovskite thin film and tunneling junction efficiency with a smaller voltage penalty can be improved, then the efficiency can be further improved to 38.13%. This indicates that this tandem solar cell still has much room for improvement.
description: 15 figures
Career change teachers in hard-to-staff schools: should I stay or leave?
Creators: name: Dadvand, Babak
name: van Driel, J
name: Speldewinde, C
name: Dawborn-Gundlach, M
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems
classificationCode: 3902
subject: Education policy, sociology and philosophy

description: Recruiting career changers into teaching has emerged as a part of a strategy by governments worldwide to address complex teacher shortage problems in hard-to-staff schools. In this paper, we present a case study of two career change teachers and trace their career journey into Initial Teacher Education (ITE) and the teaching profession in two separate hard-to-staff schools. We interviewed these teachers during the first 2 years of their career change journey. During this period, ‘push-and-pull’ factors impacted their intentions to stay in the profession. Challenges included inadequate school-level mentorship support, social-geographic isolation in a regional school setting during the COVID-19 remote learning and the more complex working conditions in hard-to-staff schools. The adverse impacts of these challenges were, to some extent, mitigated by the participants’ commitment to making a positive difference in the lives of children and young people through the teaching profession, a strong work ethic and support provided by their ITE programme in the form of university-based mentors and adjustment to study requirements. The participants responded to these push-and-pull factors in ways that highlighted their reflexive decision-making and determination to stay in teaching despite challenges. We discuss the implications of these findings for workforce planning strategies aimed at recruiting career change teachers in hard-to-staff schools.
SHANK3 deficiency leads to myelin defects in the central and peripheral nervous system
Creators: name: Malara, Mariagiovanna
name: Lutz, Anne-Kathrin
name: Incearap, Berra
name: Bauer, Helen Friedericke
name: Cursano, Silvia
name: Volbracht, Katrin
name: Lerner, Joanna Janina
name: Pandey, Rakshita
name: Delling, Jan Philipp
name: Ionannidis, Valentin
name: Pérez Arévalo, Andrea
name: Von Bernhardi, Jaime Eugenin
name: Schön, Michael
name: Bockmann, Jürgen
name: Dimou, Leda
name: Böckers, Tobias M.
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: SHANK3
subject: ASD
subject: hiPSCs
subject: DDC 150 / Psychology
subject: Autism spectrum disorders
subject: Autismus
subject: Myelin

description: Mutations or deletions of the SHANK3 gene are causative for Phelan–McDermid syndrome (PMDS), a syndromic form of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We analyzed Shank3Δ11(−/−) mice and organoids from PMDS individuals to study effects on myelin. SHANK3 was found to be expressed in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, and MRI analysis of Shank3Δ11(−/−) mice revealed a reduced volume of the corpus callosum as seen in PMDS patients. Myelin proteins including myelin basic protein showed significant temporal and regional differences with lower levels in the CNS but increased amounts in the PNS of Shank3Δ11(−/−) animals. Node, as well as paranode, lengths were increased and ultrastructural analysis revealed region-specific alterations of the myelin sheaths. In PMDS hiPSC-derived cerebral organoids we observed an altered number and delayed maturation of myelinating cells. These findings provide evidence that, in addition to a synaptic deregulation, impairment of myelin might profoundly contribute to the clinical manifestation of SHANK3 deficiency.
Electrochemical LAMP platform for detecting HPV integration at the mRNA level in cervical cancer
Creators: name: Izadi, Nasim
name: Strmisková, Johana
name: Anton, Milan
name: Hausnerová, Jitka
name: Bartošík, Martin
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus linked to epithelial tissue infections and various cancers, notably cervical cancer. The integration of high-risk HPV types like HPV16 into the host genome is a critical factor in cancer development. Traditional methods for detecting HPV integration, such as immunohistochemistry (IHC) and PCR-based assays, are complex and time-consuming. Thus, alternative tools are being developed to speed up and simplify the analysis. Our study introduces an innovative RNA-biosensing platform that combines loop-mediated amplification (LAMP) with electrochemical (EC) analysis for the specific detection of HPV16 integration. By targeting key elements like the E7 mRNA, a central player in HPV integration, and the E2 viral gene transcript, which is lost upon integration. 

Materials and methods: Total RNA was extracted and amplified using single-step RT-LAMP to produce DNA products labeled with digoxigenin. These were mixed with streptavidin magnetic beads coated with biotinylated capture probes. After hybridization, anti-digoxigenin antibodies conjugated to HRP enabled the amperometric readout. Using an eight-electrode array, we significantly reduced the overall time by simultaneously analyzing eight samples. A magnet beneath the array concentrated the HRP molecules by attracting the magnetic beads to the electrode surface. Results: Our platform demonstrated distinct expression patterns of E7 and E2 mRNAs in HPV16-positive cell lines. EC readouts showed high E7 expression in HPV16-positive cell lines and a loss of E2 expression in fully integrated HPV genomes. Clinical samples confi rmed the ability of the platform to diff erentiate between integrated and episomal forms of HPV16. Comparison with standard techniques, including ddPCR and IHC, showed high correlation, validating the accuracy and reliability of our method.

Discussion: The eRT-LAMP method provides a simple, rapid, and cost-effective alternative for determining HPV integration status, crucial for assessing the risk of disease progression in women with precancerous cervical lesions. The integration of LAMP with EC detection offers a significant reduction in analysis time compared to traditional methods, making it suitable for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized medicine.

We acknowledge support of the Czech Health Research Council (No. NU21-08-00057), National Institute for Cancer Research (Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102) – Funded by the European Union – Next Generation EU.
Diversity of endophytic bacteria of Dendrobium officinale based on culture-dependent and culture-independent methods
Creators: name: Pei, Cong
name: Chunyi Mi
name: Lihua Sun
name: Wenhong Liu
name: Li, Ou
name: Xiufang Hu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Ecology

description: Culture-dependent and culture-independent methods were compared and evaluated in the study of the endophytic diversity of Dendrobium officinale. Culture-independent methods consisted of polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and metagenome methods. According to the results, differences were found between the three methods. Three phyla, namely Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, were detected using the culture-dependent method, and two phyla, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, were detected by the DGGE method. Using the metagenome method, four major phyla were determined, including Proteobacteria (76.54%), Actinobacteria (18.56%), Firmicutes (2.27%), and Bacteroidetes (1.56%). A distinct trend was obtained at the genus level in terms of the method and the corresponding number of genera determined. There were 449 genera and 16 genera obtained from the metagenome and DGGE methods, respectively, and only 7 genera were obtained through the culture-dependent method. By comparison, all the genera from the culture-dependent and DGGE methods were contained in the members determined using the metagenome method. Overall, culture-dependent methods are limited to ‘finding’ endophytic bacteria in plants. DGGE is an alternative to investigating primary diversity patterns; however, the metagenome method is still the best choice for determining the endophytic profile in plants. It is essential to use multiphasic approaches to study cultured and uncultured microbes.
Decomposition of regional convergence in population ageing across Europe
Creators: name: Kashnitsky, Ilya
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: 160399 Demography not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: R scripts to reproduce the results of the paper:
Decomposition of regional convergence in population ageing across Europe
Determination of trace elements in placenta by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry : effects of sampling and sample preparation
Creators: name: Hauser, Sebastian
name: Andres, Sophia
name: Leopold, Kerstin
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: TXRF
subject: Sample preparation and stabilization
subject: Suspension
subject: Fetal and maternal tissue
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health
subject: Fluorescence spectroscopy
subject: X-ray spectroscopy
subject: Placenta
subject: Trace elements
subject: Spectrometry, X-ray emission
subject: Plazenta
subject: Mikronährstoff
subject: Spektroskopie

description: Placental elemental composition can serve as an indicator for neonatal health. Medical studies aiming at revealing such cause-and-effect relationships or studies monitoring potential environmental influences consist of large sample series to ensure statistically sufficient data. Several analytical techniques have been used to study trace metals in human placenta. However, most techniques require provision of clear liquid sample solutions and therefore time- and reagent-consuming total digestion of biological tissue is necessary. In total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF)—a straightforward multielement analytical technique—in contrast suspensions of minute sample amounts can be analyzed directly. Therefore, herein we report on a valid method to prepare homogenous sample suspensions for sustainable and fast TXRF analysis of large sample series. The optimized method requires only 10 mg of powdered placental tissue and 1 mL nitric acid. Suspensions are readily prepared within 30 min and the found mass fractions of major, minor, and trace elements are in good agreement in comparison to analysis of digests. In addition, possible effects on fixation time and the exact sampling location, i.e., maternal vs. fetal side of the placenta, were studied applying this method. Thereby, significant differences for fetal placenta tissue compared to maternal or intermediate tissue were observed revealing accumulation of trace elements in the fetal side of the placenta. Furthermore, considerable depletion of up to 60% mass fraction with longer fixation duration occurred in particular in fetal placenta tissue. These findings help to understand the large ranges of mass fraction of elements in placenta reported in the literature and at the same time indicate the necessity for more systematic investigation of non-homogenous elements distributed in placenta taking sampling and stabilization methods into account.
Dialogue with the Emperor Qin's Warriors catalogue
Creators: name: Atkin, John
name: Pick Keobandith
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2016
Subjects: Art

description: Twenty-eight Artists from each EU country as well as three Chinese artists were invited by Qu Art to visit the world renowned Terracotta Warriors in Xian, China and to consider ways that these icons of the Emperor Qin’s reign could be reinterpreted within popular culture of the 21st Century. Each artist responded to the collection of warriors, acrobats and servants in a myriad of different ways, and in so doing reflected a discreet aspect of their own individual culture within the EU by making a sculpture that responded to this ancient collection. LUiL in conjunction with Here East, was the only venue for this seminal exhibition in the UK, and although this Group Show has been exhibited throughout China at a number of Tier One museums and galleries in order to widen the appreciation of European contemporary art practice to an audience that might not be familiar with the nuances of Western Art. These new audiences, familiar with the cultural significance of their own “Terracotta Warriors”, were able to view, first hand, the variety of ways that the selected Western Artists interpreted this iconic collection alongside the works of three contemporary Chinese artists. This was an opportunity to exhibit this body of work in London, connecting both the LU and LuL campuses through the auspices of Here East at Olympic Park. The significant impact of this exhibition, at a time of unique political flux because of BREXIT, demonstrates unique interpretations of this famous collection through contemporary art practice within the historical genre of cultural identity. However, this contemporary sculpture exhibition, which articulates contemporary ideas of EU-Sino relations through contemplation of the these historic antiquities is novel, as well as culturally important, bringing together connectivity between the EU and China at the twilight of the UK’s involvement in European identity. Here we can give visitors the opportunity to have face-to-face encounters with an actual “Dialogue with the Emperor Qins Warriors” through a modern-day adaptation of a historic collection, at time of momentous political change. The exhibition is also important because at its core the "Warriors" deal with notions of conflict and defense (the purpose of the Terracotta Warriors was to protect the Emperor in his afterlife) at a time of continuing war & conflict throughout the globe, and simultaneously at a time of historic reflection on The Great War.
Therapeutic approaches to pediatric COVID-19 : an online survey of pediatric rheumatologists
Creators: name: Janda, Ales
name: Schütz, Catharina
name: Canna, Scott
name: Gorelik, Mark
name: Heeg, Maximilian
name: Minden, Kirsten
name: Hinze, Claas
name: Schulz, Ansgar
name: Debatin, Klaus-Michael
name: Hedrich, Christian M.
name: Speth, Fabian
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Children
subject: Pediatric rheumatology
subject: Opinion poll
subject: DDC 610 / Medicine & health
subject: Child
subject: COVID-19; Therapy
subject: Autoimmune diseases; Therapy
subject: Inflammation
subject: SARS-CoV-2
subject: Rheumatic diseases
subject: Kind
subject: COVID-19
subject: Autoaggressionskrankheit
subject: Entzündung
subject: Rheumatismus

description: Data on therapy of COVID-19 in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed children are scarce. We aimed to explore management strategies of pediatric rheumatologists. All subscribers to international Pediatric Rheumatology Bulletin Board were invited to take part in an online survey on therapeutic approaches to COVID-19 in healthy children and children with autoimmune/inflammatory diseases (AID). Off-label therapies would be considered by 90.3% of the 93 participating respondents. In stable patients with COVID-19 on oxygen supply (stage I), use of remdesivir (48.3%), azithromycin (26.6%), oral corticosteroids (25.4%) and/or hydroxychloroquine (21.9%) would be recommended. In case of early signs of “cytokine storm” (stage II) or in critically ill patients (stage III) (a) anakinra (79.5% stage II; 83.6% stage III) or tocilizumab (58.0% and 87.0%, respectively); (b) corticosteroids (oral 67.2% stage II, intravenously 81.7% stage III); (c) intravenous immunoglobulins (both stages 56.5%); or (d) remdesivir (both stages 46.7%) were considered. In AID, > 94.2% of the respondents would not support a preventive adaptation of the immunomodulating therapy. In case of mild COVID-19, more than 50% of the respondents would continue pre-existing treatment with immunoglobulins (100%), hydroxychloroquine (94.2%), anakinra (79.2%) or canakinumab (72.5%), or tocilizumab (69.8%). Long-term corticosteroids would be reduced by 26.9% (< = 2 mg/kg/d) and 50.0% (> 2 mg/kg/day), respectively, with only 5.8% of respondents voting to discontinue the therapy. Conversely, more than 75% of respondents would refrain from administering cyclophosphamide and anti-CD20-antibodies. As evidence on management of pediatric COVID-19 is incomplete, continuous and critical expert opinion and knowledge exchange is helpful.
Fundamental aspects of ceria supported au catalysts probed by in situ/operando spectroscopy and TAP reactor studies
Creators: name: Abdel‐Mageed, Ali M.
name: Chen, Shilong
name: Fauth, Corinna
name: Häring, Thomas
name: Bansmann, Joachim
Publisher: name: Universität Ulm
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: operando spectroscopy
subject: Au/CeO2
subject: XANES/EXAFS
subject: DRIFTS
subject: TAP reactor
subject: DDC 530 / Physics
subject: DDC 540 / Chemistry & allied sciences
subject: X-ray absorption near edge structure
subject: Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie

description: Unravelling the mystery of Au/CeO2 catalysts! Challenged by the complex nature of Au/CeO2 catalysts, operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy in the near and extended Au LIII and Ce LIII energy edges is employed to decipher different aspects of the electronic and geometric features of Au NPs/clusters and CeO2 support. These results combined with findings from ex-situ XPS, in situ FTIR/Raman spectroscopy and temporal analysis of products (TAP) reactor, provide a more fundamental insight into the performance of these catalysts. The discovery of the activity of dispersed gold nanoparticles three decades ago paved the way for a new era in catalysis. The unusual behavior of these catalysts sparked many questions about their working mechanism. In particular, Au/CeO2 proved to be an efficient catalyst in several reactions such as CO oxidation, water gas shift, and CO2 reduction. Here, by employing findings from operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the near and extended Au and Ce LIII energy edges, we focus on the fundamental aspects of highly active Au/CeO2 catalysts, mainly in the CO oxidation for understanding their complex structure-reactivity relationship. These results were combined with findings from in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, highlighting the changes of adlayer and ceria defects. For a comprehensive understanding, the spectroscopic findings will be supplemented by results of the dynamics of O2 activation obtained from Temporal Analysis of Products (TAP). Merging these results illuminates the complex relationship among the oxidation state, size of the Au nanoparticles, the redox properties of CeO2 support, and the dynamics of O2 activation.
A simple PCR method for sexing Japanese quail Coturnix japonica at hatching
Creators: name: V. Coustham
name: E. Godet
name: L. Beauclair
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: 1. The quail is a potentially important avian model for molecular studies; a major drawback is the inability to sex visually before 3 weeks of age. Molecular sexing is therefore an absolute requirement when animals are sampled before that age. 2. A low-cost method using common laboratory equipment based on Allele-Specific Multiplex-Polymerase Chain Reaction was developed to undertake reliable molecular identification of the sex of Coturnix japonica directly at hatching. 3. This simple method works with down feathers collected from behind the neck of the newly hatched quail and includes internal controls during the PCR to limit risks of error. Males and females can be discriminated on the basis of the presence of one or two amplicons, respectively.