cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A model for the Mediated Artificial Square Ice phenomenology
Creators: name: Caravelli, Francesco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present Letter we discuss the origin of the vertex population inversion observed experimentally in the mediated Artificial Square Ice. An interaction modifier is a disc-shaped magnetic nanoisland (a dot) which is placed at the center of a vertex to mediate the interaction between the nearby islands. We show that the inversion is of entropic origin, and can be explained via the renormalization of the vertex configuration energies due to local interaction between the nanoislands and the dot. We show it in a model with mixed Heisenberg and Ising spins (a spin-dot interaction) that as a function of the island size, entropic effects become important. Because of the renormalization of the energies, we observe a level crossing between \textrm{Type I} and \textrm{Type II} vertices which is qualitatively similar to the experimental results. We also discuss possible implications of spin-dot interactions in the eight- and sixteen- vertex models phase diagrams, using both the exact order parameter in the former case and the numerically inferred one in the latter.
description: 4+epsilon pages double columns; 6 figures
Beliefs and preferences as predictors of prophylactic adherence and lockdown compliance in South Africa
Creators: name: Nicholls, Nichola
name: Yitbarek, Eleni
name: Willinger, Marc
name: Jourdain, Damien
name: Farolfi, Stefano
name: Mungatana, Eric
Publisher: name: University of Pretoria
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 380102
subject: Behavioural economics

description: This is the dataset and dofile for the project. The published paper in Development Southern Africa will be available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2023.2252462 Much of the research on behavioural preferences as predictors of compliance with regulations aimed at reducing the transmission of COVID-19 has focused on developed countries, with very little consideration of African countries. We conduct an online survey (n=1503) considering beliefs, and individual and social preferences as predictors of compliance with prophylactic measures and lockdown regulations in South Africa. We use incentivized experimental measures of individual (risk and time) preferences and social preferences (cooperativeness and altruism). We also consider survey measures of risk tolerance, patience and trust. We find that beliefs about others’ behaviour are highly predictive of reported behaviour. We also find that greater patience and cooperativeness are predictive of high compliance with prophylactic measures and lockdown regulations. Encouragingly, respondents report higher compliance at higher lockdown levels, suggesting responsiveness of behaviour to the level of risk of infection.
LazyFox: fast and parallelized overlapping community detection in large graphs
Creators: name: Garrels, Tim
name: Khodabakhsh, Athar
name: Renard, Bernhard Y.
name: Baum, Katharina
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Overlapping community detection
subject: Large networks
subject: Weighted clustering coefficient
subject: Heuristic triangle estimation
subject: Parallelized algorithm
subject: C++ tool
subject: Runtime improvement
subject: Open source
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik

description: The detection of communities in graph datasets provides insight about a graph’s underlying structure and is an important tool for various domains such as social sciences, marketing, traffic forecast, and drug discovery. While most existing algorithms provide fast approaches for community detection, their results usually contain strictly separated communities. However, most datasets would semantically allow for or even require overlapping communities that can only be determined at much higher computational cost. We build on an efficient algorithm, Fox, that detects such overlapping communities. Fox measures the closeness of a node to a community by approximating the count of triangles which that node forms with that community. We propose LazyFox, a multi-threaded adaptation of the Fox algorithm, which provides even faster detection without an impact on community quality. This allows for the analyses of significantly larger and more complex datasets. LazyFox enables overlapping community detection on complex graph datasets with millions of nodes and billions of edges in days instead of weeks. As part of this work, LazyFox’s implementation was published and is available as a tool under an MIT licence at https://github.com/TimGarrels/LazyFox.
Additional file 2 of Rapid point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)
Creators: name: Mautner, Lena
name: Christin-Kirsty Baillie
name: Herold, Heike Marie
name: Volkwein, Wolfram
name: Guertler, Patrick
name: Eberle, Ute
name: Ackermann, Nikolaus
name: Sing, Andreas
name: Pavlovic, Melanie
name: Goerlich, Ottmar
name: Busch, Ulrich
name: Wassill, Lars
name: Huber, Ingrid
name: Baiker, Armin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 2: Table S1. Seven different swab types for suitability test of different swab types for RT-LAMP.
Impact of Marine Sand Mining on Coastal Morphology: A Case Study on Alappad Coast, Kerala
Creators: name: K.K. Basheer Ahammed
name: PANDEY, ARVIND CHANDRA
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 50202 Conservation and Biodiversity
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 50205 Environmental Management
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 50206 Environmental Monitoring
subject: 60205 Marine and Estuarine Ecology (incl. Marine Ichthyology)
subject: 40305 Marine Geoscience
subject: 210202 Heritage and Cultural Conservation
subject: FOS: Media and communications

description: The modern world witnessed an increasing trend of mining on the onshore sand deposits, including beaches for extracting minerals. Sand mining in the Alappad coast started in late 1960, which is blessed with titanium ores. Since then, the area becomes eroded by the overexploitation of the marine resource. The present study conducted shoreline change analysis within the 16 km of the coastline between Alappad and Chavara, where mining takes place. The study observed that among the 671 ha coastal area, 85 hectares of land was dug out from the Alappad beach. Whereas, the highest rate of erosion was observed between 2001 and 2012, around 42.81 hector land area eroded. The present study canvassed the horrible change experienced in the study area. The study will give a benchmark to the policymakers who are still between the decisions.
Pressure-induced decomposition of solid hydrogen sulfide
Creators: name: Duan, Defang
name: Huang, Xiaoli
name: Tian, Fubo
name: Li, Da
name: Hongyu
name: Yu
name: Liu, Yunxian
name: Ma, Yanbin
name: Liu, Bingbing
name: Cui, Tian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid hydrogen sulfide is well known as a typical molecular crystal but its stability under pressure is still under debate. Particularly, Eremets et al. found the high pressure superconductivity with $T_{c}\approx$ 190 K in a H$_{2}$S sample [arXiv: 1412.0460 (2014)] which is associates with the elemental decomposition into H$_{3}$S [Sci. Rep. 4, 6968 (2014)]. Therefore, on what pressure H$_{2}$S can decompose and which kind of the products of decomposition urgent need to be solved. In this paper, we have performed an extensive structural study on different stoichiometries H$_{n}$S with ${n> 1}$ under high pressure using $ab$ $initio$ calculations. Our results show that H$_{2}$S is stable below 50 GPa and decomposes into H$_3$S and sulfur at high pressure, while H$_{3}$S is stable at least up to 300 GPa. The other hydrogen-rich H$_{4}$S, H$_{5}$S, and H$_{6}$S are unstable in the pressure range from 20 to 300 GPa.
A systematic review to assess the effectiveness of pre-harvest meat safety interventions to control foodborne pathogens in beef
Creators: name: Rodrigues Da Costa, Maria
name: Pessoa, Joana
name: Nesbakken, Truls
name: Meemken, Diana
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Beef cattle
subject: Farm practices
subject: Foodborne pathogens
subject: STEC
subject: Salmonella
subject: Zoonoses
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: Safe beef is a priority for consumers, policy makers, official veterinarians, and producers. This systematic review aims to update the recent knowledge on pre-harvest interventions to control main foodborne pathogens in beef and to assess their effectiveness. Only controlled trials in beef or dairy cattle were included. A total of 1514 studies were retrieved from PubMed® and Web of ScienceTM for 13 selected pathogens in particular Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). After the screening, 28 papers remained for Campylobacter (n = 1), Clostridium botulinum (n = 1), Clostridium perfringens (n = 1), Extended spectrum-lactamase AmpC gene-carrying bacteria (ESBL/AmpC) (n = 1), Salmonella (n = 11), and STEC (n = 13). Results were synthesised narratively using tables as support. Research on pre-harvest interventions to control foodborne zoonoses in bovines was mostly focused on Salmonella spp. and STEC. The studies retained on Salmonella and STEC showed that vaccination, and cleaning, disinfection, management, and biosecurity were the most tested and effective interventions, denoting their potential to control or reduce detection and shedding of these pathogens. The correct implementation of such measures is crucial for their efficacy. While vaccination can be implemented to prevent severe outcomes of disease and reduce shedding; cleaning, disinfection, and biosecurity can prevent the introduction and/or the spread of pathogens to/within farms. The use of feed additives and treatments had mixed results but seemed to be effective for Salmonella. The criteria for paper selection excluded observational studies which document effective practices like depopulation and repopulation with healthy animals. Overall, high herd health status coupled with good management and biosecurity were effective to control or prevent the important foodborne pathogens in cattle at pre-harvest level.
Bridging Convex and Nonconvex Optimization in Robust PCA: Noise, Outliers, and Missing Data
Creators: name: Chen, Yuxin
name: Fan, Jianqing
name: Ma, Cong
name: Yan, Yuling
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper delivers improved theoretical guarantees for the convex programming approach in low-rank matrix estimation, in the presence of (1) random noise, (2) gross sparse outliers, and (3) missing data. This problem, often dubbed as robust principal component analysis (robust PCA), finds applications in various domains. Despite the wide applicability of convex relaxation, the available statistical support (particularly the stability analysis vis-à-vis random noise) remains highly suboptimal, which we strengthen in this paper. When the unknown matrix is well-conditioned, incoherent, and of constant rank, we demonstrate that a principled convex program achieves near-optimal statistical accuracy, in terms of both the Euclidean loss and the $\ell_{\infty}$ loss. All of this happens even when nearly a constant fraction of observations are corrupted by outliers with arbitrary magnitudes. The key analysis idea lies in bridging the convex program in use and an auxiliary nonconvex optimization algorithm, and hence the title of this paper.
description: accepted to the Annals of Statistics
Case Report: Mastitis Outbreak in Beef Bulls on a Feeding Test
Creators: name: Rollin, E.
name: Nickerson, S. C.
name: Ensley, D. T.
name: Berghaus, R. T.
Publisher: name: American Association of Bovine Practitioners  Proceedings of the Annual Conference
Year: 2008

description: The cause of an epidemic of mastitis is still undetermined, but it is hypothesized by the authors that the mastitis was an opportunistic invasion of mammary glands that were hypersecretory due to high levels of phytoestrogens in the feed.
description: American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings of the Annual Conference, 2008
Modeling of radiative emission from shallow color centers in single crystalline diamond
Creators: name: Zahedian, Maryam
name: Liu, Jietian
name: Vidrio, Ricardo
name: Kolkowitz, Shimon
name: Choy, Jennifer T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optically active defects in diamond are widely used as bright single-photon sources for quantum sensing, computing, and communication. For many applications, it is useful to place the emitter close to the diamond surface, where the radiative properties of the emitter are strongly modified by its dielectric environment. It is well-known that the radiative power from an electric dipole decreases as the emitter approaches an interface with a lower-index dielectric, leading to an increase in the radiative lifetime. For emitters in crystalline solids, modeling of this effect needs to take into account the crystal orientation and direction of the surface cut, which can greatly impact the emission characteristics. In this paper, we provide a framework for analyzing the emission rates of shallow (<100 nm) defects, in which optical transitions are derived from electric dipoles in a plane perpendicular to their spin axis. We present our calculations for the depth-dependent radiative lifetime for color centers in (100)-, (110)-, and (111)-cut diamond, which can be extended to other vacancy defects in diamond.
Evaluating the role of bacterial diversity in supporting soil ecosystem functions under anthropogenic stress
Creators: name: Osburn, Ernest D.
name: Yang, Gaowen
name: Rillig, Matthias C.
name: Strickland, Michael S.
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biogeochemistry
subject: Community ecology
subject: Microbial ecology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Ecosystem functions and services are under threat from anthropogenic global change at a planetary scale. Microorganisms are the dominant drivers of nearly all ecosystem functions and therefore ecosystem-scale responses are dependent on responses of resident microbial communities. However, the specific characteristics of microbial communities that contribute to ecosystem stability under anthropogenic stress are unknown. We evaluated bacterial drivers of ecosystem stability by generating wide experimental gradients of bacterial diversity in soils, applying stress to the soils, and measuring responses of several microbial-mediated ecosystem processes, including C and N cycling rates and soil enzyme activities. Some processes (e.g., C mineralization) exhibited positive correlations with bacterial diversity and losses of diversity resulted in reduced stability of nearly all processes. However, comprehensive evaluation of all potential bacterial drivers of the processes revealed that bacterial α diversity per se was never among the most important predictors of ecosystem functions. Instead, key predictors included total microbial biomass, 16S gene abundance, bacterial ASV membership, and abundances of specific prokaryotic taxa and functional groups (e.g., nitrifying taxa). These results suggest that bacterial α diversity may be a useful indicator of soil ecosystem function and stability, but that other characteristics of bacterial communities are stronger statistical predictors of ecosystem function and better reflect the biological mechanisms by which microbial communities influence ecosystems. Overall, our results provide insight into the role of microorganisms in supporting ecosystem function and stability by identifying specific characteristics of bacterial communities that are critical for understanding and predicting ecosystem responses to global change.
Additional file 1 of The abundance of snail hosts mediates the effects of antagonist interactions between trematodes on the transmission of human schistosomes
Creators: name: Douchet, Philippe
name: Haegeman, Bart
name: Allienne, Jean-François
name: Boissier, Jérôme
name: Senghor, Bruno
name: Rey, Olivier
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 1
Nielsen realization for infinite-type surfaces
Creators: name: Afton, Santana
name: Calegari, Danny
name: Chen, Lvzhou
name: Lyman, Rylee Alanza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a finite subgroup G of the mapping class group of a surface S, the Nielsen realization problem asks whether G can be realized as a finite group of homeomorphisms of S. In 1983, Kerckhoff showed that for S a finite-type surface, any finite subgroup G may be realized as a group of isometries of some hyperbolic metric on S. We extend Kerckhoff's result to orientable, infinite-type surfaces. As applications, we classify torsion elements in the mapping class group of the plane minus a Cantor set, and also show that topological groups containing sequences of torsion elements limiting to the identity do not embed continuously into the mapping class group of S. Finally, we show that compact subgroups of the mapping class group of S are finite, and locally compact subgroups are discrete.
description: v3 added results on (locally) compact subgroups of the mapping class group suggested by Mladen Bestvina. Also made minor edits according to the referee report. 8 pages
Toys can't play: physical agents in Spekkens' theory
Creators: name: Hausmann, Ladina
name: Nurgalieva, Nuriya
name: del Rio, Lídia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Information is physical, and for a physical theory to be universal, it should model observers as physical systems, with concrete memories where they store the information acquired through experiments and reasoning. Here we address these issues in Spekkens' toy theory, a non-contextual epistemically restricted model that partially mimics the behaviour of quantum mechanics. We propose a way to model physical implementations of agents, memories, measurements, conditional actions and information processing. We find that the actions of toy agents are severely limited: although there are non-orthogonal states in the theory, there is no way for physical agents to consciously prepare them. Their memories are also constrained: agents cannot forget in which of two arbitrary states a system is. Finally, we formalize the process of making inferences about other agents' experiments and model multi-agent experiments like Wigner's friend. Unlike quantum theory or box world, in the toy theory there are no inconsistencies when physical agents reason about each other's knowledge.
description: 18 + 19 pages, Added pedagogical review of the toy theory for small systems. Version accepted for publication
Phase Transitions and Antiferroelectrivity in BiFeO3 from Atomic Level Simulations
Creators: name: Graf, M.
name: Sepliarsky, M.
name: Tinte, S.
name: Stachiotti, M. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The structural and polar properties of BiFeO3 at finite temperature are investigated using an atomistic shell model fitted to first-principles calculations. Molecular Dynamics simulations show a direct transition from the low-temperature R3c ferroelectric phase to the Pbnm orthorhombic phase without evidence of any intermediate bridging phase between them. The high-temperature phase is characterized by the presence of two sublattices with opposite polarizations, and it displays the characteristic double-hysteresis loop under the action of an external electric field. The microscopic analysis reveals that the change in the polar direction and the large lattice strains observed during the antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition originate from the interplay between polarization, oxygen octahedron rotations and strain. As a result, the induced ferroelectric phase recovers the symmetry of the low temperature R3c phase.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. B
One to one comparison of cell-free synthesized erythropoietin conjugates modified with linear polyglycerol and polyethylene glycol
Creators: name: Pouyan, Paria
name: Zemella, Anne
name: Schloßhauer, Jeffrey L.
name: Walter, Ruben M.
name: Haag, Rainer
name: Kubick, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell biology
subject: Chemical biology
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: With more than 20 Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) modified drugs on the market, PEG is the gold standard polymer in bioconjugation. The coupling improves stability, efficiency and can prolong blood circulation time of therapeutic proteins. Even though PEGylation is described as non-toxic and non-immunogenic, reports accumulate with data showing allergic reactions to PEG. Since PEG is not only applied in therapeutics, but can also be found in foods and cosmetics, anti-PEG-antibodies can occur even without a medical treatment. Hypersensitivity to PEG thereby can lead to a reduced drug efficiency, fast blood clearance and in rare cases anaphylactic reactions. Therefore, finding alternatives for PEG is crucial. In this study, we present linear polyglycerol (LPG) for bioconjugation as an alternative polymer to PEG. We report the conjugation of LPG and PEG by click-chemistry to the glycoprotein erythropoietin (EPO), synthesized in a eukaryotic cell-free protein synthesis system. Furthermore, the influence of the polymers on EPOs stability and activity on a growth hormone dependent cell-line was evaluated. The similar characteristics of both bioconjugates show that LPGylation can be a promising alternative to PEGylation.
Quantum Random Access Stored-Program Machines
Creators: name: Wang, Qisheng
name: Ying, Mingsheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: F.1.1
subject: 68Q05 (Primary) 81P68, 68Q12 (Secondary)

description: Random access machines (RAMs) and random access stored-program machines (RASPs) are models of computing that are closer to the architecture of real-world computers than Turing machines (TMs). They are also convenient in complexity analysis of algorithms. The relationships between RAMs, RASPs and TMs are well-studied. However, clear relationships between their quantum counterparts are still missing in the literature. We fill in this gap by formally defining the models of quantum random access machines (QRAMs) and quantum random access stored-program machines (QRASPs) and clarifying the relationships between QRAMs, QRASPs and quantum Turing machines (QTMs). In particular, we show that $\textbf{P} \subseteq \textbf{EQRAMP} \subseteq \textbf{EQP} \subseteq \textbf{BQP} = \textbf{BQRAMP}$, where $\textbf{EQRAMP}$ and $\textbf{BQRAMP}$ stand for the sets of problems that can be solved by polynomial-time QRAMs with certainty and bounded-error, respectively. At the heart of our proof, is a standardisation of QTM with an extended halting scheme, which is of independent interest.
description: Final version. 69 pages, 1 figure, 6 tables, 7 algorithms
Pharmacological Potential of Hippophae rhamnoides L. Nano-Emulsion for Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Animals’ Model: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Creators: name: Hussain, Liaqat
name: Rana, Saba
name: Abbas, Ghulam
name: Alshammari, Abdulrahman
name: Alasmari, Abdullah F.
name: Alharbi, Metab
name: Zahid, Muhammad Toseef
name: Irfan, Muhammad
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Antioxidants
subject: Emulsions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The most common female endocrinopathy, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), generally affects women of childbearing age. Hippophae rhamnoides L. has been traditionally used to improve menstrual cyclicity. Gas chromatography by flame ionization detection analysis showed that it contained various phytoconstituents such as omega-3 fatty acid, phytosterols, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. H. rhamnoides L. (HR) nano-emulsion was also formulated. HR and its encapsulated nano-emulsion (HRNE) were evaluated for the treatment of PCOS. Thirty-five healthy female adult albino rats were acquired and divided into seven groups (n = 5). Letrozole (1 mg/kg) was used for 5 weeks to induce the disease. To confirm disease (PCOS) induction, the animals were weighed weekly and their vaginal smears were analyzed daily under a microscope. After PCOS induction, animals were treated with metformin, HR, and HRNE with two different doses (0.5/kg and 1 g/kg, p.o.) for 5 weeks. At the end of the treatment, animals were euthanized, and blood was collected for hormonal assessment, lipid profiling, and liver functioning test assessment. Both the ovaries were preserved for histopathology and liver for the purpose of assessment of antioxidant potential. The results revealed that HR and HRNE at both doses improved the hormonal imbalance; follicle-stimulating hormone, estrogen, and progesterone levels are increased, while luteinizing hormone surge and testosterone level are controlled. Insulin sensitivity is improved. Ovarian histopathology showed that normal ovarian echotexture is restored with corpus luteum and mature and developing follicles. HR and HRNE also improved the lipid profile and decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA) with improved antioxidant markers (SOD, CAT, and GSH). Results were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and were considered significant only if p < 0.05. In conclusion, it can be postulated that H. rhamnoides L. proved effective in the management of PCOS and its nano-emulsion effects were statistically more significant, which might be due to better bioavailability.
Avestan-Middle Persian tense mismatches in the Zand and the Middle Persian “performative preterite”
Creators: name: Peschl, Benedikt
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Middle Persian
subject: aspect
subject: performative
subject: Zand
subject: Avestan
subject: 400 Sprache::490 Andere Sprachen::493 Nichtsemitische afroasiatische Sprachen

description: This article addresses the issue of Avestan (Av.)/Middle Persian (MP) tense mismatches that are occasionally found in the Zand, the MP translation with commentary of the Avesta. While most of these mismatches turn out to be aspectually insignificant or illusory once examined more closely, some of them appear to illustrate the use of the MP preterite as a temporally unspecified perfective category, contrasting with its usual perception as a simple past. In accordance with a pattern found also in non-translational MP literature, the perfective usage of the preterite is argued to be present in the translation of a series of Av. performative utterances in Visperad 3 (the “installation of the Av. priestly college”). Moreover, its use can be observed when the Zand depicts two punctual events as temporally coinciding within a timeless (gnomic) statement. Proceeding from these observations, I discuss the expression of performativity in MP on a more general level. The observations shared in this article support the view that, if considered diligently, the older Zand texts have the potential to contribute valuable data to the linguistic description of MP. Conversely, the article shows how paying close attention to the MP translators’ use of verbal forms may inform our interpretation of the Zand.
Multichannel topological Kondo effect
Creators: name: Li, Guangjie
name: Oreg, Yuval
name: Väyrynen, Jukka I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A Coulomb blockaded $M$-Majorana island coupled to normal metal leads realizes a novel type of Kondo effect where the effective impurity "spin" transforms under the orthogonal group $SO(M)$. The impurity spin stems from the non-local topological ground state degeneracy of the island and thus the effect is known as the topological Kondo effect. We introduce a physically motivated $N$-channel generalization of the topological Kondo model. Starting from the simplest case $N=2$, we conjecture a stable intermediate coupling fixed point and evaluate the resulting low-temperature impurity entropy. The impurity entropy indicates that an emergent Fibonacci anyon can be realized in the $N=2$ model. We also map the case $N=2$, $M=4$ to the conventional 4-channel Kondo model and find the conductance at the intermediate fixed point. By using the perturbative renormalization group, we also analyze the large-$N$ limit, where the fixed point moves to weak coupling. In the isotropic limit, we find an intermediate stable fixed point, which is stable to "exchange" coupling anisotropies, but unstable to channel anisotropy. We evaluate the fixed point impurity entropy and conductance to obtain experimentally observable signatures of our results. In the large-$N$ limit we evaluate the full cross over function describing the temperature-dependent conductance.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, improved version, accepted in PRL
Belief-Propagation and replicas for inference and learning in a kinetic Ising model with hidden spins
Creators: name: Battistin, Claudia
name: Hertz, John
name: Tyrcha, Joanna
name: Roudi, Yasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new algorithm for inferring the state of hidden spins and reconstructing the connections in a synchronous kinetic Ising model, given the observed history. Focusing on the case in which the hidden spins are conditionally independent of each other given the state of observable spins, we show that calculating the likelihood of the data can be simplified by introducing a set of replicated auxiliary spins. Belief Propagation (BP) and Susceptibility Propagation (SusP) can then be used to infer the states of hidden variables and learn the couplings. We study the convergence and performance of this algorithm for networks with both Gaussian-distributed and binary bonds. We also study how the algorithm behaves as the fraction of hidden nodes and the amount of data are changed, showing that it outperforms the TAP equations for reconstructing the connections.
Additional file 1 of Rapid point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)
Creators: name: Mautner, Lena
name: Christin-Kirsty Baillie
name: Herold, Heike Marie
name: Volkwein, Wolfram
name: Guertler, Patrick
name: Eberle, Ute
name: Ackermann, Nikolaus
name: Sing, Andreas
name: Pavlovic, Melanie
name: Goerlich, Ottmar
name: Busch, Ulrich
name: Wassill, Lars
name: Huber, Ingrid
name: Baiker, Armin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Figure S1. Positions of LAMP primers in SARS-CoV-2 genome. LAMP primers of genes ORF8 (A) and N (B) aligned to the SARS-CoV-2 reference sequence. Arrowheads indicate orientation of the primer. Primers F1c and F2 together build the FIP primer, whereas primers B1c and B2 together build the BIP primer of the different LAMP primer sets.
Additional file 1 of PAM50 breast cancer subtypes and survival of patients in rural Ethiopia without adjuvant treatment: a prospective observational study
Creators: name: Ballé, Judith Katharina
name: Vetter, Martina
name: Kenea, Tariku Wakuma
name: Eber-Schulz, Pia
name: Reibold, Christian
name: Ziegenhorn, Hannes-Viktor
name: Stückrath, Kathrin
name: Wickenhauser, Claudia
name: Addissie, Adamu
name: Santos, Pablo
name: Kantelhardt, Eva Johanna
name: Getachew, Sefonias
name: Bauer, Marcus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Cell Biology
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
QuNetSim: A Software Framework for Quantum Networks
Creators: name: DiAdamo, Stephen
name: Nötzel, Janis
name: Zanger, Benjamin
name: Beşe, Mehmet Mert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: As quantum internet technologies develop, the need for simulation software and education for quantum internet rises. QuNetSim aims to fill this need. QuNetSim is a Python software framework that can be used to simulate quantum networks up to the network layer. The goal of QuNetSim is to make it easier to investigate and test quantum networking protocols over various quantum network configurations and parameters. The framework incorporates many known quantum network protocols so that users can quickly build simulations and beginners can easily learn to implement their own quantum networking protocols.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. To appear in IEEE Transactions on Quantum Engineering
$A_4$ symmetry at colliders and in the universe
Creators: name: Varzielas, Ivo de Medeiros
name: Fischer, Oliver
name: Maurer, Vinzenz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two puzzling facts of our time are the observed patterns in the fermion masses and mixings and the existence of non-baryonic dark matter, which are both often associated with extensions of the Standard Model at higher energy scales. In this paper, we consider a solution to these two problems with the flavour symmetry ${\mathbb A}_4\times {\mathbb Z}_2\times {\mathbb Z}_2^\prime$, in a model which has been shown before to explain large leptonic mixings with a specific texture. The model contains 3 generations of $SU(2)_L$-doublet scalar fields, arranged as an ${\mathbb A}_4$-triplet, that spontaneously break the electroweak symmetry, and a "dark sector" of ${\mathbb Z}_2$-odd fields, containing one Majorana neutrino and an ${\mathbb A}_4$-triplet $SU(2)_L$-doublet scalar field, the lightest of which provides a candidate for dark matter. Concerning the ${\mathbb Z}_2$-even scalar fields, compared to the Standard Model, we predict additional fields with masses at the electroweak scale. We therefore investigate present phenomenological constraints from lepton flavour violation experiments, obtaining a lower bound on the extra scalar masses of 140 GeV. Furthermore we consider the oblique parameters, Higgs boson decay properties and possible flavour violating signals at the LHC. Concerning the "dark sector", we study bounds from dark matter search experiments and identify the parameter space of the dark matter candidate that is compatible with the observed relic density. We find two allowed mass ranges for the dark matter within which the experimental constraints can be accommodated: the low-mass range is from 47 GeV to 74 GeV and the high-mass range is from 600 GeV and 3.6 TeV.
description: v2, to be published in JHEP
Uncertainty in phosphine photochemistry in the Venus atmosphere prevents a firm biosignature attribution
Creators: name: Wunderlich, Fabian
name: Grenfell, John Lee
name: Rauer, Heike
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: planets and satellites: atmospheres
subject: astrobiology
subject: astrochemistry
subject: planets and satellites: terrestrial planets
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::520 Astronomie::520 Astronomie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Context. The possible detection of phosphine (PH3) in the clouds of Venus has raised the question as to which processes could produce such large abundances of PH3. Previous studies suggested that abiotic processes including photochemical production cannot explain the claimed PH3 concentrations. However, the photochemistry of phosphorus-bearing species in the atmosphere of Venus is not well known. Aims. We aim to assess the abiotic production of PH3 considering the effect of uncertainties in the chemical rate coefficients of phosphorus-containing reactions. Methods. Using a photochemical column model, we simulated Venus-like conditions and varied the chemical rate coefficients with a Monte Carlo (MC) approach in order to estimate the associated error in the PH3 abundances throughout the atmosphere. Results. Current uncertainties and missing data in photochemical rate coefficients lead to a variation of about six orders of magnitude in the modelled PH3 abundance on Venus, assuming photochemical production of PH3 from tetraphosphorus hexoxide (P4O6) pathways. Our results suggest an abiotically produced upper limit of 2 ppb PH3 between 50 and 60 km. These concentrations are in the range of a recent reanalysis of Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) data, suggesting planet-averaged abundances in PH3 of 1–4 ppb above 55 km. Future observations of phosphorus monoxide (PO) on Venus would be beneficial for increasing our confidence in assessing PH3 as a biosignature. Conclusions. We conclude that due to the large uncertainties in phosphorus chemistry, even a firm detection of several ppb PH3 in the Venus atmosphere would not necessarily mean a biological origin.
Probing Active Sites on Pristine and Defective MnPX3 (X: S and Se) Monolayers for Electrocatalytic Water Splitting
Creators: name: Dai, Jiajun
name: Wang, Kangli
name: Voloshina, Elena
name: Dedkov, Yuriy
name: Paulus, Beate
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: MnPX3
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: The state-of-the-art density functional theory approach was used to study the structural and electronic properties of pristine and defective MnPX3 monolayers as well as their activity toward water and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalytic performance. The adsorption behavior of H2O on a pristine MnPX3 structure is of physisorption nature, whereas the adsorption energy is significantly increased for the defective structures. At the same time, the water dissociation process is more energetically favorable, and the reactivity of MnPX3 is determined by the vacancy configuration. Following Nørskov’s approach, the HER catalytic performance is evaluated by calculating the hydrogen adsorption free energy on the respective MnPX3 surface. Our calculation results demonstrate that defective 2D MnPX3 with low coordinated P shows significantly higher HER performance compared to the pristine counterpart.
Non-orientable branched coverings, $b$-Hurwitz numbers, and positivity for multiparametric Jack expansions
Creators: name: Chapuy, Guillaume
name: Dołęga, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a one-parameter deformation of the 2-Toda tau-function of (weighted) Hurwitz numbers, obtained by deforming Schur functions into Jack symmetric functions. We show that its coefficients are polynomials in the deformation parameter $b$ with nonnegative integer coefficients. These coefficients count generalized branched coverings of the sphere by an arbitrary surface, orientable or not, with an appropriate $b$-weighting that "measures" in some sense their non-orientability. Notable special cases include non-orientable dessins d'enfants for which we prove the most general result so far towards the Matching-Jack conjecture and the "$b$-conjecture" of Goulden and Jackson from 1996, expansions of the $β$-ensemble matrix model, deformations of the HCIZ integral, and $b$-Hurwitz numbers that we introduce here and that are $b$-deformations of classical (single or double) Hurwitz numbers obtained for $b=0$. A key role in our proof is played by a combinatorial model of non-orientable constellations equipped with a suitable $b$-weighting, whose partition function satisfies an infinite set of PDEs. These PDEs have two definitions, one given by Lax equations, the other one following an explicit combinatorial decomposition.
description: 56 pages, 6 figures; v2: definition of generalized branched covers fixed; combinatorial decomposition and corresponding equations now presented for connected objects and duality introduced; proof of piecewise polynomiality changed accordingly; v3: minor corrections
Error-Related Brain Activity in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Unaffected First-Degree Relatives: Evidence for Protective Patterns
Creators: name: Grützmann, Rosa
name: Kaufmann, Christian
name: Wudarczyk, Olga A
name: Balzus, Luisa
name: Klawohn, Julia
name: Riesel, Anja
name: Bey, Katharina
name: Wagner, Michael
name: Heinzel, Stephan
name: Kathmann, Norbert
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Endophenotype
subject: Error monitoring
subject: Family studies
subject: fMRI
subject: Obsessive-compulsive disorder
subject: Resilience
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: Background Indicators of increased error monitoring are associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), as shown in electroencephalography and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. As most studies used strictly controlled samples (excluding comorbidity and medication), it remains open whether these findings extend to naturalistic settings. Thus, we assessed error-related brain activity in a large, naturalistic OCD sample. We also explored which activity patterns might qualify as vulnerability endophenotypes or protective factors for the disorder. To this aim, a sample of unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with OCD was also included. Methods Participants (84 patients with OCD, 99 healthy control participants, and 37 unaffected first-degree relatives of patients with OCD) completed a flanker task while blood oxygen level–dependent responses were measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Aberrant error-related brain activity in patients and relatives was identified. Results Patients with OCD showed increased error-related activity in the supplementary motor area and within the default mode network, specifically in the precuneus and postcentral gyrus. Unaffected first-degree relatives showed increased error-related activity in the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus. Conclusions Increased supplementary motor area and default mode network activity in patients with OCD replicates previous studies and might indicate excessive error signals and increased self-referential error processing. Increased activity of the inferior frontal gyrus in relatives may reflect increased inhibition. Impaired response inhibition in OCD has been demonstrated in several studies and might contribute to impairments in suppressing compulsive actions. Thus, increased inferior frontal gyrus activity in the unaffected relatives of patients with OCD may have contributed to protection from symptom development.
Geolocated Social Media Posts are Happier: Understanding the Characteristics of Check-in Posts on Twitter
Creators: name: Jiang, Julie
name: Thomason, Jesse
name: Barbieri, Francesco
name: Ferrara, Emilio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The increasing prevalence of location-sharing features on social media has enabled researchers to ground computational social science research using geolocated data, affording opportunities to study human mobility, the impact of real-world events, and more. This paper analyzes what crucially separates posts with geotags from those without. We find that users who share location are not representative of the social media user population at large, jeopardizing the generalizability of research that uses only geolocated data.We consider three aspects: affect -- sentiment and emotions, content -- textual and non-textual, and audience engagement. By comparing a dataset of 1.3 million geotagged tweets with a random dataset of the same size, we show that geotagged posts on Twitter exhibit significantly more positivity, are often about joyous and special events such as weddings or graduations, convey more collectivism rather than individualism, and contain more additional features such as hashtags or objects in images, but at the same time generate substantially less engagement. These findings suggest there exist significant differences in the messages conveyed in geotagged posts. Our research carries important implications for future research utilizing geolocation social media data.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
Additional file 5 of Rapid point-of-care detection of SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP)
Creators: name: Mautner, Lena
name: Christin-Kirsty Baillie
name: Herold, Heike Marie
name: Volkwein, Wolfram
name: Guertler, Patrick
name: Eberle, Ute
name: Ackermann, Nikolaus
name: Sing, Andreas
name: Pavlovic, Melanie
name: Goerlich, Ottmar
name: Busch, Ulrich
name: Wassill, Lars
name: Huber, Ingrid
name: Baiker, Armin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5: Figure S4. Colorimetric read-out of SARS-CoV-2 RT-LAMP. Positive samples 1–5 and Negative samples 1–5 were pre-heated at 90 °C for 5 min before being directly pipetted into RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 targeting ORF8 and N. As internal control (IC) RNase P was additionally targeted. WarmStart Colorimetric LAMP 2x Master Mix (#M1800S, NEB, Ipswich, USA) was used by the manufacturer’s instructions with 5 µL of heated swab sample. For non-template control (NTC) PCR grade water substituted swab sample. Pink colour indicates negative result, yellow signals positive test result.