cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
(103806) Reginald Sinclair Watson
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
title: SINGLE-ATOM CATALYSTS
title: RATIONAL DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATIONS
titleType: Subtitle
Creators: name: Ding, Shichao
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2022

description: Nanocatalysts have attracted great attention and played an important role in various chemical reactions due to their nanostructure properties and good activities. However, nanocatalysts still have limitations such as relatively low atom utilization, multiple active centers, and the high cost of noble metal-based nanocatalysts. It has always been in line with the development requirements to continuously reduce the cost and improve the catalytic activity of nanocatalysts. An important principle to increase the specific activity of each metal atom is to downsize metal particles and endow the metal with a low-coordinated environment. Hence, in order to enhance the activities of nanocatalysts, some strategies are needed to continuously downsize the catalyst from nano/subnano-level to single-atom level to maximize the utilization of atoms and expose more uniform active sites. In this dissertation, different methods are used to rationally design and synthesize various carbon-based catalysts with single Fe atom sites, which are named Fe-N-C single-atom catalysts (SACs). The Fe-N-C SACs with a one-dimension nanowire structure are synthesized using the zinc-atom assisted method. Various characterization methods are used to identify the isolated single Fe sites that exist in Fe-Nx form. Such active sites can mimic the structure of the natural enzyme’s active center and exhibit excellent enzyme-like activity for highly-sensitive sensing. Moreover, the proposed ion imprinting derived strategy can precisely control the coordination number of center Fe atom, thereby enhancing the catalytical performance of SACs. Combining with MnOx nanocrystal, the catalytical activity and stability of Fe-N-C SACs toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be further improved. Finally, the heteroatom Cl tuning method is used to modulate the electronic/geometric structures and coordination environment of the central metal atoms in Fe-N-C SACs, which significantly boosts catalytic activity, durability, and selectivity toward ORR in fuel cells.
description: The synthesized catalysts in this work possess well-dispersed Fe-Nx based single-atom sites and exhibit excellent catalytic performance. The rational design of SACs in this dissertation provides different strategies to control single-atom active sites, and continue to enhance the catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability in various applications.
Figure S1. Heatmap of normalised human gene expression showing gene names from Novel and divergent genes in the evolution of placental mammals
Creators: name: Dunwell, Thomas L.
name: Paps, Jordi
name: Holland, Peter W. H.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Same data and analysis as Figure 6 but showing gene names.
Absence of α-Syntrophin Leads to Structurally Aberrant Neuromuscular Synapses Deficient in Utrophin
Creators: name: Sealock, Robert
name: Krall, Stuart
name: Adams, Marvin
name: Rossi, Susana
name: Froehner, Stanley
name: Rotundo, Richard
name: Kramarcy, Neal
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: The syntrophins are a family of structurally related proteins that contain multiple protein interaction motifs. Syntrophins associate directly with dystrophin, the product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy locus, and its homologues. We have generated α-syntrophin null mice by targeted gene disruption to test the function of this association. The α-Syn−/− mice show no evidence of myopathy, despite reduced levels of α-dystrobrevin–2. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase, a component of the dystrophin protein complex, is absent from the sarcolemma of the α-Syn−/− mice, even where other syntrophin isoforms are present. α-Syn−/− neuromuscular junctions have undetectable levels of postsynaptic utrophin and reduced levels of acetylcholine receptor and acetylcholinesterase. The mutant junctions have shallow nerve gutters, abnormal distributions of acetylcholine receptors, and postjunctional folds that are generally less organized and have fewer openings to the synaptic cleft than controls. Thus, α-syntrophin has an important role in synapse formation and in the organization of utrophin, acetylcholine receptor, and acetylcholinesterase at the neuromuscular synapse.
Torsion pour les varietes abeliennes de type I et II
Creators: name: Hindry, Marc
name: Ratazzi, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let A be an abelian variety defined over a number field K, the number of torsion points rational over a finite extension L is bounded polynomially in terms of the degree [L : K]. When A is isogenous to a product of simple abelian varieties of type I or II in Albert classification and is "fully of Lefschetz type", i.e. whose Mumford-Tate group is the group of symplectic similitudes commuting with endomorphisms and which satisfy the Mumford-Tate conjecture, we compute the optimal exponent for this bound in terms of the dimensions of the abelian subvarieties of A and their rings of endomorphisms. The result is unconditional for a product of simple abelian varieties of type I or II with odd relative dimension. Extending work of Serre, Pink and Hall, we also prove that the Mumford-Tate conjecture is true for a few new cases for such abelian varieties.
description: in French, Accepted for publication in ANT
P120 Catenin Regulates the Actin Cytoskeleton via Rho Family Gtpases
Creators: name: Burridge, Keith
name: Kreft, Bertolt
name: Noren, Nicole
name: Liu, Betty
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: Cadherins are calcium-dependent adhesion molecules responsible for the establishment of tight cell–cell contacts. p120 catenin (p120ctn) binds to the cytoplasmic domain of cadherins in the juxtamembrane region, which has been implicated in regulating cell motility. It has previously been shown that overexpression of p120ctn induces a dendritic morphology in fibroblasts (Reynolds, A.B., J. Daniel, Y. Mo, J. Wu, and Z. Zhang. 1996. Exp. Cell Res. 225:328–337.). We show here that this phenotype is suppressed by coexpression of cadherin constructs that contain the juxtamembrane region, but not by constructs lacking this domain. Overexpression of p120ctn disrupts stress fibers and focal adhesions and results in a decrease in RhoA activity. The p120ctn-induced phenotype is blocked by dominant negative Cdc42 and Rac1 and by constitutively active Rho-kinase, but is enhanced by dominant negative RhoA. p120ctn overexpression increased the activity of endogenous Cdc42 and Rac1. Exploring how p120ctn may regulate Rho family GTPases, we find that p120ctn binds the Rho family exchange factor Vav2. The behavior of p120ctn suggests that it is a vehicle for cross-talk between cell–cell junctions and the motile machinery of cells. We propose a model in which p120ctn can shuttle between a cadherin-bound state and a cytoplasmic pool in which it can interact with regulators of Rho family GTPases. Factors that perturb cell–cell junctions, such that the cytoplasmic pool of p120ctn is increased, are predicted to decrease RhoA activity but to elevate active Rac1 and Cdc42, thereby promoting cell migration.
The American Soldier in World War II: Medical Care and Soldier Savings
Creators: name: Research Branch, Information
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Rank in military; length of time overseas; branch of army; length of time in present unit; square deal from army; done fair share as a soldier; satisfaction with military occupation; morale of me in outfit; respondent's nervous behaviors; worried/upset while in military; good/bad time while in military; low/high spirits while in military; respondent's physical condition; medical attention while in military; medical attention by dispensary while in military; dispensary workers; respondent been on sick call every time they think they need it; seriousness of last problem respondent went to dispensary for; difficulty getting permission for sick call; 'goldbricking' during a sick call; army insurance payments to family in one payment v.s. monthly installments when a soldier dies; interest of government in putting money into soldiers' deposits; army life insurance; civilian life insurance; war bonds; personnel transfer accounts.
Factorisation of X^n-alpha over finite fields - II
Creators: name: Soranzo, Gabriel
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: mathematics
finite field
factorisation

description: In this article, we are studying factorisation in finite fields of polynomials X^n-a with factors grouping irreducible polynomials of same order. We describe a method of calcul of these factors by induction.
Supplementary Table 1 from The origin of heredity in protocells.
Creators: name: West, Timothy
name: Sojo, Victor
name: Pomiankowski, Andrew
name: Lane, Nick
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Initial values for all parameters in model
Wave Propagation at Oblique Shocks: How Did Tycho Get Its Stripes?
Creators: name: Laming, J. Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe a new model for the "stripes" of synchrotron radiation seen in the remnant of Tycho's supernova. In our picture, cosmic rays streaming ahead of the forward shock generate parallel (with respect to the local magnetic field direction) circularly polarized Alfven waves that are almost free of dissipation, and due to being circularly polarized exhibit no spatial variation of magnetic field strength. Following interaction with the SNR shock with nonzero obliquity, these parallel waves become obliquely propagating, due the the wave refraction (different in principle for the different plane wave components), and dissipation sets in. The magnetosonic polarization decays faster, due to transit time damping, leaving only the Alfven mode. This surviving mode now exhibits a spatial variation of the magnetic field, leading to local maxima and minima in the synchrotron emission, i.e. the stripes. We attribute the initial wave generation to the Bell instability, which in contrast to the resonant generation of upstream Alfven waves, gives rise to a preferred wavelength, and hence the single wave period at which the stripes are seen. Based on estimates for damping rates due to turbulent cascade and transit time damping, we estimate the dependence of the visibility of the stripes on the shock obliquity, and determine a maximum cosmic ray energy in Tycho's SNR in the range $6\times 10^{14} - 1\times 10^{15}$ eV.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures, emulateapj, accepted for publication by the Astrophysical Journal
(103807) John Scott
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
L’inafferrabile “ombra e grazia” di Adriano Olivetti. In risposta a 11 domande su Olivetti
Creators: name: Renzi, Emilio
Publisher: name: La Rivista di Engramma
Year: 2019
Subjects: Olivetti
Community
Closeness
Society

description: For Emilio Renzi, the core concepts of Olivetti’s thought and action are the community and the person. The ‘community’,understood as “the space in which a person – all people – can meet and live a life of mutual relations”, not “on a human scale”, but itself of a “human scale”, a space Olivetti sometimes explains with the Swiss concept of “closeness.” For this reason, it can be considered foreign to both the Tönnesian opposition between community and society, and to the communitarism widespread today. The person is seen as the one who is aware and active in society according to spiritual values – responsibility, respect for others, for diversity. origin or creed. The link between the two concepts has, as a consequence, the need for a mixed economy, liberal and social at the same time, between Nordic welfare and social market economies. Olivetti’s timeliness lies perhaps in his “shadow and grace”, in the elusiveness of his many sides.
Merotelic Kinetochore Orientation Is a Major Mechanism of Aneuploidy in Mitotic Mammalian Tissue Cells
Creators: name: Khodjakov, Alexey
name: Cimini, Daniela
name: Maddox, Paul
name: Degrassi, Francesca
name: Howell, Bonnie
name: Salmon, E.D.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: In mitotic cells, an error in chromosome segregation occurs when a chromosome is left near the spindle equator after anaphase onset (lagging chromosome). In PtK1 cells, we found 1.16% of untreated anaphase cells exhibiting lagging chromosomes at the spindle equator, and this percentage was enhanced to 17.55% after a mitotic block with 2 μM nocodazole. A lagging chromosome seen during anaphase in control or nocodazole-treated cells was found by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to be a single chromatid with its kinetochore attached to kinetochore microtubule bundles extending toward opposite poles. This merotelic orientation was verified by electron microscopy. The single kinetochores of lagging chromosomes in anaphase were stretched laterally (1.2–5.6-fold) in the directions of their kinetochore microtubules, indicating that they were not able to achieve anaphase poleward movement because of pulling forces toward opposite poles. They also had inactivated mitotic spindle checkpoint activities since they did not label with either Mad2 or 3F3/2 antibodies. Thus, for mammalian cultured cells, kinetochore merotelic orientation is a major mechanism of aneuploidy not detected by the mitotic spindle checkpoint. The expanded and curved crescent morphology exhibited by kinetochores during nocodazole treatment may promote the high incidence of kinetochore merotelic orientation that occurs after nocodazole washout.
Tangled1: A Microtubule Binding Protein Required for the Spatial Control of Cytokinesis in Maize
Creators: name: Levy, Joshua
name: Smith, Laurie
name: Han, Shengcheng
name: Gerttula, Suzanne
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Spatial control of cytokinesis in plant cells depends on guidance of the cytokinetic apparatus, the phragmoplast, to a cortical "division site" established before mitosis. Previously, we showed that the Tangled1 (Tan1) gene of maize is required for this process during maize leaf development (Cleary, A.L., and L.G. Smith. 1998. Plant Cell. 10:1875-1888.). Here, we show that the Tan1 gene is expressed in dividing cells and encodes a highly basic protein that can directly bind to microtubules (MTs). Moreover, proteins recognized by anti-TAN1 antibodies are preferentially associated with the MT-containing cytoskeletal structures that are misoriented in dividing cells of tan1 mutants. These results suggest that TAN1 protein participates in the orientation of cytoskeletal structures in dividing cells through an association with MTs.
The American Soldier in World War II: Redeployment and Demobilization--Part I
Creators: name: Research Branch, Information
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2020

description: Rank in military; length of time in army; combat experience; entitled to wear campaign stars; army awards and decorations; understanding of why US is in war; worth fighting in war; low/high spirits while in military; discharging soldiers; length of time until discharged; civilian occupation; peace talks with Japan; war in the Pacific; Japanese surrendering; square deal from army; army score card plan; US soldiers sent from Europe to fight Japanese; number of soldiers discharged in next six months; done fair share as a soldiers; respondent being sent overseas with Japan; length of time overseas; army's pamphlet/film 'Two Down and One to Go'; most desirable branch of army; respondent's physical condition; overseas combat v.s. overseas non-combat duty v.s. US duty; soldier v.s. working a war job; military control and discipline; officer/enlisted men relations; satisfaction with military occupation; pride in company; US/foreign countries relations; importance of India-Burma theater.
Non-density of small points on divisors on abelian varieties and the Bogomolov conjecture
Creators: name: Yamaki, Kazuhiko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14G40, 11G50

description: The Bogomolov conjecture for a curve claims finiteness of algebraic points on the curve which are small with respect to the canonical height. Ullmo has established this conjecture over number fields, and Moriwaki generalized it to the assertion over finitely generated fields over $\mathbb{Q}$ with respect to arithmetic heights. As for the case of function fields with respect to the geometric heights, Cinkir has proved the conjecture over function fields of characteristic $0$ and of transcendence degree $1$. However, the conjecture has been open over other function fields. In this paper, we prove that the Bogomolov conjecture for curves holds over any function field. In fact, we show that any non-special closed subvariety of dimension $1$ in an abelian variety over function fields has only a finite number of small points. This result is a consequence of the investigation of non-density of small points of closed subvarieties of abelian varieties of codimension $1$. As a by-product, we remark that the geometric Bogomolov conjecture, which is a generalization of the Bogomolov conjecture for curves over function fields, holds for any abelian variety of dimension at most $3$. Combining this result with our previous works, we see that the geometric Bogomolov conjecture holds for all abelian varieties for which the difference between its nowhere degeneracy rank and the dimension of its trace is not greater than $3$.
description: 31 pages. Minor change on page 6. To appear in Journal of the American Mathematical Society
Data Reduction Pipeline for the MMT and Magellan Infrared Spectrograph
Creators: name: Chilingarian, Igor
name: Beletsky, Yuri
name: Moran, Sean
name: Brown, Warren
name: McLeod, Brian
name: Fabricant, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe the new spectroscopic data reduction pipeline for the multi-object MMT/Magellan Infrared Spectrograph. The pipeline is implemented in idl as a stand-alone package and is publicly available in both stable and development versions. We describe novel algorithms for sky subtraction and correction for telluric absorption. We demonstrate that our sky subtraction technique reaches the Poisson limit set by the photon statistics. Our telluric correction uses a hybrid approach by first computing a correction function from an observed stellar spectrum, and then differentially correcting it using a grid of atmosphere transmission models for the target airmass value. The pipeline provides a sufficient level of performance for real time reduction and thus enables data quality control during observations. We reduce an example dataset to demonstrate the high data reduction quality.
description: PASP in press, 14 pages, 6 figures
WNT-1 Signaling Inhibits Apoptosis by Activating β-Catenin/T Cell Factor–Mediated Transcription
Creators: name: Chen, Shaoqiong
name: Guttridge, Denis
name: Mayo, Marty
name: Fribley, Andrew
name: Kitajewski, Jan
name: Zhang, Zhaochen
name: You, Zongbing
name: Wang, Cun-Yu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: Wnt signaling plays a critical role in development and oncogenesis. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the downstream signaling cascade of Wnt signaling, little is known regarding Wnt signaling modification of the cell death machinery. Given that numerous oncogenes transform cells by providing cell survival function, we hypothesized that Wnt signaling may inhibit apoptosis. Here, we report that cells expressing Wnt-1 were resistant to cancer therapy–mediated apoptosis. Wnt-1 signaling inhibited the cytochrome c release and the subsequent caspase-9 activation induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, including both vincristine and vinblastine. Furthermore, we found that Wnt-1–mediated cell survival was dependent on the activation of β-catenin/T cell factor (Tcf) transcription. Inhibition of β-catenin/Tcf transcription by expression of the dominant-negative mutant of Tcf-4 blocked Wnt-1–mediated cell survival and rendered cells sensitive to apoptotic stimuli. These results provide the first demonstration that Wnt-1 inhibits cancer therapy–mediated apoptosis and suggests that Wnt-1 may exhibit its oncogenic potential through a mechanism of anti-apoptosis.
Supplementary Table 1 from The origin of heredity in protocells
Creators: name: West, Timothy
name: Sojo, Victor
name: Pomiankowski, Andrew
name: Lane, Nick
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Computational Biology
subject: Biochemistry
subject: 60102 Bioinformatics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Initial values for all parameters in model
H2-DMalpha-/- Mice Show the Importance of Major Histocompatibility Complex-bound Peptide in Cardiac Allograft Rejection
Creators: name: Felix, Nathan J.
name: Coffman, Thomas
name: Griffiths, Robert
name: van Kaer, Luc
name: Ting, Jenny P.-Y.
name: Zhang, Jinghua
name: Brickey, W. June
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2000

description: The role played by antigenic peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules is evaluated with H2-DM a -/- mice. These mice have predominantly class II–associated invariant chain peptide (CLIP)-, not antigenic peptide–bound, MHC class II. H2-DM a -/- donor heart grafts survived three times longer than wild-type grafts and slightly longer than I-Abb-/- grafts. Proliferative T cell response was absent, and cytolytic response was reduced against the H2-DMa-/- grafts in vivo. Residual cytolytic T cell and antibody responses against intact MHC class I lead to eventual rejection. Removal of both H2-DM a and b2-microglobulin (b2m) in cardiac grafts lead to greater (8–10 times) graft survival, whereas removal of b2m alone did not have any effect. These results demonstrate the significance of peptide rather than just allogeneic MHC, in eliciting graft rejection.
Mixing of 0$^+$ and 0$^-$ observed in hyperfine and Zeeman structure of ultracold Rb$_2$ molecules
Creators: name: Deiß, Markus
name: Drews, Björn
name: Denschlag, Johannes Hecker
name: Tiemann, Eberhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the combination of hyperfine and Zeeman structure in the spin-orbit coupled $A^1Σ_u^+-b^3Π_u$ complex of $^{87}\textrm{Rb}_2$. For this purpose, absorption spectroscopy at a magnetic field around $B=1000\:\textrm{G}$ is carried out. We drive optical dipole transitions from the lowest rotational state of an ultracold Feshbach molecule to various vibrational levels with $0^+$ symmetry of the $A-b$ complex. In contrast to previous measurements with rotationally excited alkali-dimers, we do not observe equal spacings of the hyperfine levels. In addition, the spectra vary substantially for different vibrational quantum numbers, and exhibit large splittings of up to $160\:\textrm{MHz}$, unexpected for $0^+$ states. The level structure is explained to be a result of the repulsion between the states $0^+$ and $0^-$ of $b^3Π_u$, coupled via hyperfine and Zeeman interactions. In general, $0^-$ and $0^+$ have a spin-orbit induced energy spacing $Δ$, that is different for the individual vibrational states. From each measured spectrum we are able to extract $Δ$, which otherwise is not easily accessible in conventional spectroscopy schemes. We obtain values of $Δ$ in the range of $\pm 100\:\textrm{GHz}$ which can be described by coupled channel calculations if a spin-orbit coupling is introduced that is different for $0^-$ and $0^+$ of $b^3Π_u$.
description: 24 pages, 7 figures
Asterias rubens brachiolaria larva from Variability in larval gut pH regulation defines sensitivity to ocean acidification in six species of the Ambulacraria superphylum.
Creators: name: Hu, Marian
name: Yung-Che Tseng
name: Yi-Hsien Su
name: Lein, Etienne
name: Hae-Gyeong Lee
name: Jay-Ron Lee
name: Dupont, Sam
name: Stumpp, Meike
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology

description: Image of an Asterias rubens brachiolaria larva, showing the digestive tract in a transparent body cavity.
An immersed boundary model of the cochlea with parametric forcing
Creators: name: Ko, William
name: Stockie, John M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35B34, 74F10, 76D05, 76Z05

description: The cochlea or inner ear has a remarkable ability to amplify sound signals. This is understood to derive at least in part from some active process that magnifies vibrations of the basilar membrane (BM) and the cochlear partition in which it is embedded, to the extent that it overcomes the effect of viscous damping from the surrounding cochlear fluid. Many authors have associated this amplification ability to some type of mechanical resonance within the cochlea, however there is still no consensus regarding the precise cause of amplification. Our work is inspired by experiments showing that the outer hair cells within the cochlear partition change their lengths when stimulated, which can in turn cause periodic distortions of the BM and other structures in the cochlea. This paper investigates a novel fluid-mechanical resonance mechanism that derives from hydrodynamic interactions between an oscillating BM and the surrounding cochlear fluid. We present a model of the cochlea based on the immersed boundary method, in which a small-amplitude periodic internal forcing due to outer hair cells can induce parametric resonance. A Floquet stability analysis of the linearized equations demonstrates the existence of resonant (unstable) solutions within the range of physical parameters corresponding to the human auditory system. Numerical simulations of the immersed boundary equations support the analytical results and clearly demonstrate the existence of resonant solution modes. These results are then used to illustrate the influence of parametric resonance on wave propagation along the BM and explicit comparisons are drawn with results from another two-dimensional cochlea model.
Different ways of looking at the force between two nano crystals
Creators: name: Lange, Alexander
name: Danecker, Fabian
name: Bauer, Gernot
name: Gribova, Nadezda
name: Gross, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The potential of mean force (PMF) between two nano crystals (NCs) represents an effective interaction potential that can be used to study the assembly of NCs to various superstructures. For a given temperature, the effective interaction is obtained best from molecular dynamics simulations. Based on a density functional approach, this study proposes three methods of predicting the PMF for any temperature based on a single molecular dynamics simulation for one temperature. The three methods construct the PMF by considering the ligands as an ideal gas, as hard-sphere chains, or as Lennard-Jones interaction sites. To apply this methodology, the density of the interaction centers must be extracted from the simulation data. For the ideal gas model, a straightforward sampling procedure with a fixed lattice in space leads to free energies that are too large in order to consistently explain the simulation data for different temperatures. Naive sampling does not account for the small momenta added to the NCs when coupled to a thermostat. A method is proposed that corrects for the unphysical steps during the simulation. The ideal gas contribution computed for the corrected density is significantly smaller than the one obtained from naive sampling and can thus explain the temperature dependence of the PMF correctly. For the hard-sphere chain model, where a weighted density is used, the correction of the particle density is not essential. However, the PMF calculated based on the corrected density confirms our approach. All three models predict PMF curves in very good agreement with simulation results, but they differ in the number of input parameters and the computational effort. Based on the modeling results, we predict the existence of an additional attractive force at small distances of the NCs - a depletion force.
Fair task allocation in transportation
Creators: name: Ye, Qing Chuan
name: Zhang, Yingqian
name: Dekker, Rommert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Task allocation problems have traditionally focused on cost optimization. However, more and more attention is being given to cases in which cost should not always be the sole or major consideration. In this paper we study a fair task allocation problem in transportation where an optimal allocation not only has low cost but more importantly, it distributes tasks as even as possible among heterogeneous participants who have different capacities and costs to execute tasks. To tackle this fair minimum cost allocation problem we analyze and solve it in two parts using two novel polynomial-time algorithms. We show that despite the new fairness criterion, the proposed algorithms can solve the fair minimum cost allocation problem optimally in polynomial time. In addition, we conduct an extensive set of experiments to investigate the trade-off between cost minimization and fairness. Our experimental results demonstrate the benefit of factoring fairness into task allocation. Among the majority of test instances, fairness comes with a very small price in terms of cost.
(103808) Patricia Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FLAVANOID ENZYMES IN GRASSES
Creators: name: Lewis, Jacob Alexander
Publisher: name: Washington State University
Year: 2024
Subjects: Flavonoids
Metabolons
panicum virgatum
Sorghum bicolor
Structural Biology

description: Sorghum and switchgrass are widely cultivated cereal crops that have been identified as a focus for both feedstock and bioenergy due to their resilience to large temperature changes, water need, and high concentrations of secondary metabolites. One of these secondary metabolites is a group of phytochemicals called flavonoids, characterized by their C(6)-C(3)-C(6) structure. Flavonoids are adjacent to the monolignol pathway and divert biomass from lignin via the committed enzyme Chalcone Synthase. The enzymes of the flavonoid pathway are hypothesized to form a metabolon around a membrane bound P450 enzyme dependent on metabolic needs and species. A detailed understanding of the structural, enzymatic, and metabolon formation of flavonoids in grasses could enable structural tailoring of the pathway to benefit feedstock and biofuel. High-resolution crystallographic structures, enzymatic analysis, and protein-protein interactions are presented in this thesis to aid in the elucidation of fundamental knowledge to be utilized for future engineering.
(103805) Mary Rees
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
(103801) Michael Curnow Vosper
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Supplementary Methods and Results from Variation in recombination frequency and distribution across eukaryotes: patterns and processes.
Creators: name: Stapley, Jessica
name: Feulner, Philine G. D.
name: Johnston, Susan E.
name: Santure, Anna W.
name: Smadja, Carole M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Description of Methods and Results, and Supplementary Figures
Difference Norms for Vector-Valued Bessel Potential Spaces with an Application to Pointwise Multipliers
Creators: name: Lindemulder, Nick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E40 (Primary), 42B15, 46B09, 46B09, 46E30, 46E35 (Secondary)

description: In this paper we prove a randomized difference norm characterization for Bessel potential spaces with values in UMD Banach spaces. The main ingredients are $\mathcal{R}$-boundedness results for Fourier multiplier operators, which are of independent interest. As an application we characterize the pointwise multiplier property of the indicator function of the half-space on these spaces. All results are proved in the setting of weighted spaces.
description: 32 pages, accepted for publication in Journal of Functional Analysis
(103803) Eira Rees
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Asterias rubens brachiolaria larva from Variability in larval gut pH regulation defines sensitivity to ocean acidification in six species of the Ambulacraria superphylum
Creators: name: Hu, Marian
name: Yung-Che Tseng
name: Yi-Hsien Su
name: Lein, Etienne
name: Hae-Gyeong Lee
name: Jay-Ron Lee
name: Dupont, Sam
name: Stumpp, Meike
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Environmental Science
subject: Ecology

description: Image of an Asterias rubens brachiolaria larva, showing the digestive tract in a transparent body cavity.
Nano-optomechanical resonators in microfluidics
Creators: name: Fong, King Yan
name: Poot, Menno
name: Tang, Hong X.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Operation of nanomechanical devices in water environment has been challenging due to the strong viscous damping that greatly impedes the mechanical motion. Here we demonstrate an optomechanical micro-wheel resonator integrated in microfluidic system that supports low-loss optical resonances at near-visible wavelength with quality factor up to 1.5 million. The device can be operated in self-oscillation mode in air with low threshold power of 45 uW. The very high optical Q allows the observation of the thermal Brownian motion of the mechanical mode in both air and water environment with high signal-to-background ratio. A numerical model is developed to calculate the hydrodynamic effect on the device due to the surrounding water, which agrees well with the experimental results. With its very high resonance frequency (170 MHz) and small loaded mass (75 pg), the present device is estimated to have mass sensitivity of attogram level in liquid environment with bandwidth of 1 Hz.
Reference list for linkage map data from Variation in recombination frequency and distribution across eukaryotes: patterns and processes.
Creators: name: Stapley, Jessica
name: Feulner, Philine G. D.
name: Johnston, Susan E.
name: Santure, Anna W.
name: Smadja, Carole M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Recombination, the exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis, is an essential feature of sexual reproduction in nearly all multicellular organisms. While the role of recombination in the evolution of sex has received theoretical and empirical attention, less is known about how recombination rate itself evolves and what influence this has on evolutionary processes within sexually reproducing organisms. Here, we explore the patterns of, and processes governing recombination in eukaryotes. We summarize patterns of variation, integrating current knowledge with an analysis of linkage map data in 353 organisms. We then discuss proximate and ultimate processes governing recombination rate variation and consider how these influence evolutionary processes. Genome-wide recombination rates (cM/Mb) can vary more than tenfold across eukaryotes, and there is large variation in the distribution of recombination events across closely related taxa, populations and individuals. We discuss how variation in rate and distribution relates to genome architecture, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, sex, environmental perturbations and variable selective pressures. There has been great progress in determining the molecular mechanisms governing recombination, and with the continued development of new modelling and empirical approaches, there is now also great opportunity to further our understanding of how and why recombination rate varies.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
Complete list of species and linkage map data used in analysis from Variation in recombination frequency and distribution across eukaryotes: patterns and processes.
Creators: name: Stapley, Jessica
name: Feulner, Philine G. D.
name: Johnston, Susan E.
name: Santure, Anna W.
name: Smadja, Carole M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Recombination, the exchange of DNA between maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis, is an essential feature of sexual reproduction in nearly all multicellular organisms. While the role of recombination in the evolution of sex has received theoretical and empirical attention, less is known about how recombination rate itself evolves and what influence this has on evolutionary processes within sexually reproducing organisms. Here, we explore the patterns of, and processes governing recombination in eukaryotes. We summarize patterns of variation, integrating current knowledge with an analysis of linkage map data in 353 organisms. We then discuss proximate and ultimate processes governing recombination rate variation and consider how these influence evolutionary processes. Genome-wide recombination rates (cM/Mb) can vary more than tenfold across eukaryotes, and there is large variation in the distribution of recombination events across closely related taxa, populations and individuals. We discuss how variation in rate and distribution relates to genome architecture, genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, sex, environmental perturbations and variable selective pressures. There has been great progress in determining the molecular mechanisms governing recombination, and with the continued development of new modelling and empirical approaches, there is now also great opportunity to further our understanding of how and why recombination rate varies.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Evolutionary causes and consequences of recombination rate variation in sexual organisms’.
(103804) Lorna Lewis
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Characterization and localization of two ion-binding sites within the pore of cardiac L-type calcium channels
Creators: name: Chen, Xiao-Hua
name: Rosenberg, Robert L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1991

description: L-type Ca channels from porcine cardiac sarcolemma were incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. We characterized interactions of permeant and blocking ions with the channel's pore by (a) studying the current- voltage relationships for Ca2+ and Na+ when equal concentrations of the ions were present in both internal and external solutions, (b) testing the dose-dependent block of Ba2+ currents through the channels by internally applied cadmium, and (c) examining the dose and voltage dependence of the block of Na+ currents through the channels by internally and externally applied Ca2+. We found that the I-V relationship for Na+ appears symmetrical through the origin when equal concentrations of Na+ are present on both sides of the channel (gamma = 90 pS in 200 mM NaCl). The conductance for outward Ca2+ currents with 100 mM Ca2+ on both sides of the channel is approximately 8 pS, a value identical to that observed for inward currents when 100 mM Ca2+ was present outside only. This provides evidence that ions pass through the channel equally well regardless of the direction of net flux. In addition, we find that internal Cd2+ is as effective as external Cd2+ in blocking Ba2+ currents through the channels, again suggesting identical interactions of ions with each end of the pore. Finally, we find that micromolar Ca2+, either in the internal or in the external solution, blocks Na+ currents through the channels. The affinity for internally applied Ca2+ appears the same as that for externally applied Ca2+. The voltage dependence of the Ca(2+)-block suggests that the sites to which Ca2+ binds are located approximately 15% and approximately 85% of the electric field into the pore. Taken together, these data provide direct experimental evidence for the existence of at least two ion binding sites with high affinity for Ca2+, and support the idea that the sites are symmetrically located within the electric field across L-type Ca channels.