Paryphoconus Enderlein
Creators: name: Borkent, Art
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Ceratopogonidae
Paryphoconus

description: Paryphoconus Enderlein
(Figs. 12H, 22L, 28I, 31J, 41F, 46T, 54C, 71C, 78L)
DIAGNOSIS: Only pupa of Ceratopogonidae with abdominal segment 8 with D-3-VIII (Fig. 12H); also, the female is the only Ceratopogonidae with wings abutting ventromedially (Figs. 12H, 41F).
DESCRIPTION: Habitus (female) as in Fig. 12H. Total length = 4.50–6.16 mm. Without larval exuviae retained on abdomen. Exuviae with flagellum appressed against lateral margin of midleg, wing (as in Figs. 16B, 33B). Ecdysial tear around base of antenna, along lateral margin of face to palpus (as in Figs. 17C, 79H). Head: Dorsal apotome (Fig. 22L), uncertain ventral line of weakness, without dorsomedial tubercle, without central dome; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite (as in Fig. 13H) fused to scutum, each side separated medially by dorsal apotome in whole pupa; mouthparts (Fig. 28I) with mandible well-developed, lacinia absent; palpus extending posterior to posterolateral margin of labium; labium entire (not divided medially); apex of antenna (Fig. 41F) posterior to posterior extent of midlength portion of midleg (portion lateral to mesosternum), not narrowed sharply posteriorly; sensilla: dorsal apotomals (Fig. 22L)—1 elongate seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; dorsolateral cephalic sclerite sensilla—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum; clypeal-labrals (Fig. 28I)—2 thick setae; oculars (Fig. 28I)—1 seta, 1 campaniform sensillum? or possibly merely an indentation? Thorax: Prothoracic extension (Fig. 28I) wide, well-developed but narrow dorsolaterally, extending from palpus to antenna; mesonotum yes tubercles, not extending posteromedially, not dividing metathorax medially (Fig. 54C); respiratory organ (Fig. 46T) length/width = 3.06–5.06, elongate, moderately slender, somewhat flattened apically, with pores closely abutting at apex of respiratory organ, arranged in single curved row, outer surface with some wrinkles, with short, wide pedicel, base with elongate posteromedial apodeme, membranous base of respiratory organ short, annulated, tracheal tube straight to slightly curved along length, with spirals restricted to base, plates to half length; wing (Fig. 41F) without apical tubercle or angle, with males wings separated medially by fore-, midlegs, female wings abutting medially; halter apex and hind leg (as in Fig. 33J) broadly abutting; halter apex extending posteriorly to 1/6 length of tergite 2; legs (Fig. 41F) with lateral margin of foreleg near midlength of wing evenly curved; hind leg visible at lateral margin of wing (as in Fig. 33K); male with apex of foreleg moderately anterior to apex of midleg (as in Fig. 41E), female with apices of fore-, mid leg not externally visible, dorsal to fused wings; apex of hind leg abutting apex of midleg laterally (dorsal to wing in female); sensilla: anteromedials—2 elongate setae, 1 campaniform sensillum (as in Figs. 31L–M); anterolaterals—1 elongate seta; dorsal setae (Fig. 31J)—D-1-T, D-2-T, D-4-T, D-5-T setae, D-3- T campaniform sensillum; D-1-T, D-2-T separate or on single tubercle, D-3-T lateral to D-4-T; supraalar 2—campaniform sensillum; metathoracics (Fig. 54C)—1 campaniform sensillum; M-3-T distant from margin of metathorax (at least 1/3 length of metathorax). Abdomen: with tergite 1 with 3 medial spots, tergites 2–7 with medial area with stripe and 2 anterolateral spots or with bare patches in 3 medial and anterolateral areas, sternites 3–7 with medial stripe, anterolateral spot; sternite 8 with dark posteromedial apodeme, segment 2 as wide or slightly wider than segment 3, segments with undivided, thin to thick setae, with rounded to pointed, short to moderately elongate tubercles, tergites or sternites entire, each without membranous disc; segment 9 (Fig. 78L) not strongly modified, terminal processes closely approximated basally, each projecting posterodorsolaterally, tapering to pointed apex; sensilla: tergite 1 (Fig. 54C) with 7 setae, 1 campaniform sensillum, including 3 lateral sensilla, D- 2-I, D-3-I closely approximated, D-7-I absent; segment 4 (Fig. 71C)—D-2-IV, D-3-IV elongate setae on elongate tubercles; D-5-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV elongate setae; D-5-IV on single elongate tubercle, D-8-IV, D-9-IV on separate but closely approximated elongate tubercles, posterior dorsal sensilla in transverse row, arranged medially to laterally: D-5-IV, D-4-IV, D-8-IV, D-9-IV; D-7-IV near D-3-IV; L-1-IV elongate seta on elongate tubercle, just anterior of base of tubercle with L-3-IV; L-2-IV, L-3-IV, L-4-IV elongate setae on pointed tubercles, V-5-IV, V-6- IV, V-7-IV elongate setae, on short or moderately elongate tubercles, V-6-IV, V-7-IV somewhat closely approximated; segment 8 with D-3-VIII, with or without L-1-VIII; segment 9 (Fig. 78L)—with D-5-IX, D-6-IX campaniform sensilla.
DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: The genus Paryphoconus is known from 41 species in the Nearctic (one species) and Neotropical Regions (Borkent 2014). Pupae have been collected among vegetation along creeks or on the sandy bottom of a shallow stream.
TAXONOMIC DISCUSSION: The pupae of four species of Paryphoconus are known (Tables 2–3). A female pupa of a Mallochohelea in the ZSMC was labeled " Paryphoconus lanei " but on a modern label and with recent handwriting. The specimen was among material studied by Mayer but does not correspond to his description of Paryphoconus flavidus (as lanei) (Mayer 1959b). The Paryphoconus pupae studied by Mayer (1959b) were not located.
MATERIAL EXAMINED: P. grandis: 2 pupal exuviae, Ruta Nacional 12, Corrientes, Argentina, 18-IX- 2010 (MLPA). P. oliveirai: 1 pupal exuviae, Parque das Garcas, Amazonas Igarape, Brazil, 14-X-2005 (INPA).
description: Published as part of Borkent, Art, 2014, The Pupae of the Biting Midges of the World (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), With a Generic Key and Analysis of the Phylogenetic Relationships Between Genera, pp. 1-327 in Zootaxa 3879 (1) on pages 112-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3879.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4949051