cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Human-interpretable clustering of short-text using large language models
Creators: name: Miller, Justin K.
name: Alexander, Tristram J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.2.7

description: Clustering short text is a difficult problem, due to the low word co-occurrence between short text documents. This work shows that large language models (LLMs) can overcome the limitations of traditional clustering approaches by generating embeddings that capture the semantic nuances of short text. In this study clusters are found in the embedding space using Gaussian Mixture Modelling (GMM). The resulting clusters are found to be more distinctive and more human-interpretable than clusters produced using the popular methods of doc2vec and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). The success of the clustering approach is quantified using human reviewers and through the use of a generative LLM. The generative LLM shows good agreement with the human reviewers, and is suggested as a means to bridge the `validation gap' which often exists between cluster production and cluster interpretation. The comparison between LLM-coding and human-coding reveals intrinsic biases in each, challenging the conventional reliance on human coding as the definitive standard for cluster validation.
description: Main text: 18 pages, 6 figures. Supplementary: 21 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables
"TRIBUTARY TO THE ROMANS?" THE CRUSADER STATES AND THE INTERVENTIONS OF THE BYZANTINE EMPEROR MANUEL I KOMNENOS (1143-1180)
Creators: name: Clarke, Otis
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Byzantium
Manuel I Komnenos
Crusader states
kingdom of Jerusalem
principality of Antioch

description: This thesis examines Byzantine interventions in the Crusader states of the Latin East during the reign of Manuel I Komnenos (1143-1180). Using contemporary narrative histories, charters, and epigraphic evidence, it analyzes Manuel’s interventions in the principality of Antioch, the county of Tripoli, and the kingdom of Jerusalem in terms of direct territorial interest, diplomacy, and religious influence. It investigates how Manuel’s policies differed over time and between states, arguing that Manuel’s territorial interest in the Crusader states comprised a relatively uniform policy united by historical memory, but that his policies of political and religious influence were more reactive and varied throughout his reign.
title: Allium ursinum
title: Bär-Lauch (Allium ursinum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 7 Bilder des Bär-Lauches.
Testing the Heterogeneous-Elasticity Theory for low-energy excitations in structural glasses
Creators: name: Lerner, Edan
name: Bouchbinder, Eran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the statistical mechanics of low-energy excitations in structural glasses has been the focus of extensive research efforts in the past decades due to their key roles in determining the low-temperature mechanical and transport properties of these intrinsically nonequilibrium materials. While it is established that glasses feature low-energy nonphononic excitations that follow a nonDebye vibrational density of states, we currently lack a well-founded theory of these fundamental objects and their vibrational spectra. A recent theory -- that builds on the so-called Heterogeneous-Elasticity Theory (HET) and its extensions -- provides explicit predictions for the scaling of the low-frequency tail of the nonphononic spectrum of glasses, the localization properties of the vibrational modes that populate this tail, and its connections to glass formation history and to the form of the distribution of weak microscopic (interatomic) stresses. Here, we employ computer models of structural glasses to quantitatively test these predictions. Our findings do not support the HET's predictions regarding the nature and statistics of low-energy excitations in glasses, highlighting the need for additional theoretical developments.
description: v2: Revised & expanded manuscript, new title, abstract added, new results on atomic stress coarse-graining, Fig. 4 is new
Exponential Family Embeddings
Creators: Rudolph, Maja
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Computer science
Exponential families (Statistics)
Language and languages
Embeddings (Mathematics)
Natural language processing (Computer science)

description: Word embeddings are a powerful approach for capturing semantic similarity among terms in a vocabulary.  Exponential family embeddings extend the idea of word embeddings to other types of high-dimensional data.  Exponential family embeddings have three ingredients; embeddings as latent variables, a predefined conditioning set for each observation called the context and a conditional likelihood from the exponential family. The embeddings are inferred with a scalable algorithm. This thesis highlights three advantages of the exponential family embeddings model class: (A) The approximations used for existing methods such as word2vec can be understood as a biased stochastic gradients procedure on a specific type of exponential family embedding model --- the Bernoulli embedding. (B) By choosing different likelihoods from the exponential family we can generalize the task of learning distributed representations to different application domains. For example, we can learn embeddings of grocery items from shopping data, embeddings of movies from click data, or embeddings of neurons from recordings of zebrafish brains. On all three applications, we find exponential family embedding models to be more effective than other types of dimensionality reduction. They better reconstruct held-out data and find interesting qualitative structure. (C) Finally, the probabilistic modeling perspective allows us to incorporate structure and domain knowledge in the embedding space. We develop models for studying how language varies over time, differs between related groups of data, and how word usage differs between languages. Key to the success of these methods is that the embeddings share statistical information through hierarchical priors or neural networks. We demonstrate the benefits of this approach in empirical studies of Senate speeches, scientific abstracts, and shopping baskets.
Additional file 1: of Improving care for elderly patients living with polypharmacy: protocol for a pragmatic cluster randomized trial in community-based primary care practices in Canada
Creators: name: M. Greiver
name: S. Dahrouge
name: P. OâBrien
name: D. Manca
name: M. Lussier
name: J. Wang
name: F. Burge
name: M. Grandy
name: A. Singer
name: M. Twohig
name: R. Moineddin
name: S. Kalia
name: B. Aliarzadeh
name: N. Ivers
name: S. Garies
name: J. Turner
name: B. Farrell
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Description of the IHI breakthrough series model and SPIDER intervention (DOCX 201 kb)
The Williams Conjecture is false for irreducible subshifts
Creators: name: Kim, Ki Hang
name: Roush, Fred W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 58F03,54H20

description: We show the Williams Conjecture is false for irreducible shifts of finite type by examining relative sign-gyration numbers of conjugacies between shifts with no points of period one or two.
description: 14 pages, published version
Stenothoe levantina Krapp-Schickel & Brutto 2022, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Krapp-Schickel, Traudl
name: Brutto, Sabrina Lo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Malacostraca
Amphipoda
Stenothoidae
Stenothoe
Stenothoe levantina

description: Stenothoe levantina sp. nov.
 Stenothoe levantina Krapp-Schickel & Lo Brutto, 2015: 1–5, figs. 4–5.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 439F4D7E-3A4A-4726-B838-A35519034FEF
 Type material. HOLOTYPE: one specimen 1.1 mm mounted on slide in Faure's medium, sampling site 32°54'00.9"N 35°04'02.5"E, 25 February 2011, 12.4 m depth, deposited in the Museum of Zoology " P. Doderlein " University of Palermo, Palermo, 90123, Italy, coded as MZPA-AMPH-N_0007.
 Type locality. Near Ashdod, Israel, Mediterranean.
 Diagnosis. Gnathopod 1 carpus and merus short. Gnathopod 2 without sculpture, dactylus about as long as entire propodus. Peraeopods 6 and 7 basis rounded, posterodistal corner lengthened; merus strongly widened and acutely lengthened. Uropod 2 rami unequal. Uropod 3 peduncle subequal ramus. Telson spinose.
 Etymology. The new species has been collected in the far East of the Mediterranean, the epitheton should allude to ‘Levante’, allegoric for sunrise or East in general.
 Remarks. A full description and figures of S. levantina and list of additional non-type material examined is given by Krapp-Schickel & Lo Brutto (2015).
 Ecological notes. Found among sand or mud (Lo Brutto et al. 2019).
description: Published as part of Krapp-Schickel, Traudl & Brutto, Sabrina Lo, 2022, Establishment of the nomenclatural status of two nomina, Stenothoe bella Krapp-Schickel & Lo Brutto, 2015 and Stenothoe levantina Krapp-Schickel & Lo Brutto, 2015 (Crustacea, Peracarida), unavailable for the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, pp. 247-248 in Zootaxa 5092 (2) on page 248, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5092.2.7, http://zenodo.org/record/5876705
MOESM1 of Biochemical profiling, prediction of total lipid content and fatty acid profile in oleaginous yeasts by FTIR spectroscopy
Creators: name: Shapaval, Volha
name: Jule Brandenburg
name: Blomqvist, Johanna
name: Tafintseva, Valeria
name: Passoth, Volkmar
name: Sandgren, Mats
name: Kohler, Achim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Main lipid classes analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the yeast strains Solicoccozyma terricola 4517. Lipomyces starkeyi 1807. Rhodotorula babjevae 7808. Rhodotorula toruloides 14. Rhodotorula glutinis 5805 grown in pre-culture (P) and nitrogen limited media containing glucose (G), xylose (X) and mixture of glucose and xylose (M). The results are presented in percentage (%). Table S2. Main lipid classes analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the yeast strains Solicoccozyma terricola 4517. Lipomyces starkeyi 1807. Rhodotorula babjevae 7808. Rhodotorula toruloides 14. Rhodotorula glutinis 5805 grown in pre-culture (P) and nitrogen limited media containing glucose (G), xylose (X) and mixture of glucose and xylose (M). The results are presented in percentage (%) and standard deviation (STD).
Rank-DistiLLM: Closing the Effectiveness Gap Between Cross-Encoders and LLMs for Passage Re-Ranking
Creators: name: Schlatt, Ferdinand
name: Fröbe, Maik
name: Scells, Harrisen
name: Zhuang, Shengyao
name: Koopman, Bevan
name: Zuccon, Guido
name: Stein, Benno
name: Potthast, Martin
name: Hagen, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Cross-encoders distilled from large language models (LLMs) are often more effective re-rankers than cross-encoders fine-tuned on manually labeled data. However, distilled models do not match the effectiveness of their teacher LLMs. We hypothesize that this effectiveness gap is due to the fact that previous work has not applied the best-suited methods for fine-tuning cross-encoders on manually labeled data (e.g., hard-negative sampling, deep sampling, and listwise loss functions). To close this gap, we create a new dataset, Rank-DistiLLM. Cross-encoders trained on Rank-DistiLLM achieve the effectiveness of LLMs while being up to 173 times faster and 24 times more memory efficient. Our code and data is available at https://github.com/webis-de/ECIR-25.
description: Accepted at ECIR'25
MOESM5 of An integrated quantitative structure and mechanism of action-activity relationship model of human serum albumin binding
Creators: name: Serra, Angela
name: Serli ĂNlĂź
name: Coretto, Pietro
name: Greco, Dario
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 5. Fig. S2. Comparison of the model validation curves.
A Generalized Q-operator for U_q(\hat(sl_2)) Vertex Models
Creators: name: Rossi, Marco
name: Weston, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 82B23 (Primary) 81R12, 81T40 (Secondary)

description: In this paper, we construct a Q-operator as a trace of a representation of the universal R-matrix of $U_q(\hat{sl}_2)$ over an infinite-dimensional auxiliary space. This auxiliary space is a four-parameter generalization of the q-oscillator representations used previously. We derive generalized T-Q relations in which 3 of these parameters shift. After a suitable restriction of parameters, we give an explicit expression for the Q-operator of the 6-vertex model and show the connection with Baxter's expression for the central block of his corresponding operator.
description: 22 pages, Latex2e. This replacement is a revised version that includes a simple explicit expression for the Q matrix for the 6-vertex model
title: In-Situ Powder Diffraction Studies of Metal-Hydrogen Microstructures
Creators: name: Pitt, Mark Peter
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: In-situ powder diffraction
subject: metal hydrogen systems

description: In-situ powder diffraction has been used to elucidate the microstructures of several metal-hydrogen systems. Information derived fiom diffraction is correlated with the defect structures that can be observed with TEM. The in-situ technique, in which diffraction data are collected from a sample loaded to a known hydrogen concentration on the beam line, is invaluable in the determination of metal-hydrogen crystal structures because it allows a rigorous test of space group feasibility through comparison with an accurately known hydrogen content. Research on the LaNi5 system focused on activation and degradation properties. In particular, the y phase has been studied under both extrinsic and intrinsic degradation conditions up to 300°C and 1.1 kbar hydrogen pressure to address the question of thermodynamic instability with extended cycling. En route to unravelling the complicated inter-phase relationship that develops between the a, y and P phases at elevated temperatures, new structure solutions for the y and P phases were derived. A multi-staged mechanical relaxation occurs that is sensitive to the occupation of the 6m position in the p and y phases. Under these conditions, the y phase can morph fiom a P-like structure to an a-like structure. The question of 'trapped' hydrogen was resolved with all D accounted for in interstitial positions in the nphase. The strain relationships between coexisting a and P phases have been investigated in the LaNi5-,Sn,H, system for x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2. The substituted alloys display a peculiar prismatic compression of the a phase that can be directly correlated with the removal of a/3 less than 21 10 more than {0i 10) dislocation cores, revealed as a reduction in the severity of anisotropic line broadening. lt is apparent that characteristics of the a-p interface in the parent LaNi5 system are retained in substituted materials, and that variation in the ratio of the densities of a/3 less than 21 10 more than (01 10) and a13 less than 21 10 more than10001) dislocations causes compression of the a phase between layers of phase. The first ever in-situ neutron diffiaction study of the PdDx system above the critical point was executed. D was found to occupy both octahedral and tetrahedral positions. This result is controversial, however the evidence is compelling. Tetrahedral occupation was retained at room temperature and through the two-phase region.
title: Allium vineale
title: Weinbergs-Lauch (Allium vineale)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Kochs Lauch
subject: Allium kochii
subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 4 Bilder des Weinbergs-Lauches.
Noise Induced Coherence in Neural Networks
Creators: name: Rappel, Wouter-Jan
name: Karma, Alain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate numerically the dynamics of large networks of $N$ globally pulse-coupled integrate and fire neurons in a noise-induced synchronized state. The powerspectrum of an individual element within the network is shown to exhibit in the thermodynamic limit ($N\to \infty$) a broadband peak and an additional delta-function peak that is absent from the powerspectrum of an isolated element. The powerspectrum of the mean output signal only exhibits the delta-function peak. These results are explained analytically in an exactly soluble oscillator model with global phase coupling.
description: 4 pages ReVTeX and 3 postscript figures
Condensates beyond the horizons
Creators: name: Alfaro, Jorge
name: Espriu, Domènec
name: Gabbanelli, Luciano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we continue our previous studies concerning the possibility of the existence of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the interior of a static black hole, a possibility first advocated by Dvali and Gómez. We find that the phenomenon seems to be rather generic and it is associated to the presence of an horizon, acting as a confining potential. We extend the previous considerations to a Reissner-Nordström black hole and to the de Sitter cosmological horizon. In the latter case the use of static coordinates is essential to understand the physical picture. In order to see whether a BEC is preferred, we use the Brown-York quasilocal energy, finding that a condensate is energetically favourable in all cases in the classically forbidden region. The Brown-York quasilocal energy also allows us to derive a quasilocal potential, whose consequences we explore. Assuming the validity of this quasilocal potential allows us to suggest a possible mechanism to generate a graviton condensate in black holes. However, this mechanism appears not to be feasible in order to generate a quantum condensate behind the cosmological de Sitter horizon.
description: 25 pages, 6 figures
Additional file 1: of Pomegranate juice to reduce fecal calprotectin levels in inflammatory bowel disease patients with a high risk of clinical relapse: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Scaioli, Eleonora
name: Belluzzi, Andrea
name: Ricciardiello, Luigi
name: Rio, Daniele Del
name: Rotondo, Enrica
name: Mena, Pedro
name: Derlindati, Eleonora
name: Danesi, Francesca
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: SPIRIT 2013 checklist. (DOCX 49 kb)
Shimura curve computations
Creators: name: Elkies, Noam D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11G18 (Primary), 12F12, 11G15 (Secondary)

description: We give some methods for computing equations for certain Shimura curves, natural maps between them, and special points on them. We then illustrate these methods by working out several examples in varying degrees of detail. For instance, we compute coordinates for all the rational CM points on the curves "X(1)" associated with the quaternion algebras over Q ramified at {2,3}, {2,5}, {2,7}, and {3,5}. We conclude with a list of open questions that may point the way to further computational investigation of these curves.
description: Invited talk at ANTS-III (see Journal-ref); 48 pages, including several tables, and various corrections not in the 1998 publication
Graph automorphism group of the dissociation microequilibrium of polyprotic acids
Creators: name: Salas, Nicolás
name: Arango, Justin López ansd Carlos A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 20B99

description: The dissociation micro-states (DMS) of an $N$-protic acid are described using set theory notation. This facilitates the mathematical description of the dissociation micro-equilibrium (DME). In particular, the DME constants are easily obtained in terms of the dissociation equilibrium constants and the molar fractions of the DMSs. Representing of the DMEs in terms of graph theory allows to identify permutations between DMSs that preserve the vertex-edge connectivity of the graph. These permutations, along with their composition, allow us to identify the direct product of the cyclic group $C_2$, and the symmetric group $S_N$, $C_2\times S_N$, as the graph automorphism group of the micro-dissociation of $N$-protic acids.
description: 36 pages, 9 figures
Exporting Expertise? Rotterdam’s Planners and the Flood Adaptation Industry
Creators: MacAusland, Dorothy Brayton
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2017
Subjects: City planning
Floods
Flood control
Flood control--Planning
Flood damage prevention
Flood damage prevention--Planning
Natural disasters--Planning

description: The effects of climate change and its implications for flood-vulnerable cities have incentivized systematic knowledge exchanges among urban planning professionals globally. Rotterdam, a delta city with an extensive water-management background and an innovative urban design culture, has emerged as a leader in water-related planning and has shared its strategies with cities such as New Orleans and New York. This research investigates the ways in which the City of Rotterdam has positioned itself as a leader in climate adaptation planning and a center of knowledge exchange. The research seeks to identify whether and to what extent Rotterdam benefits from its enhanced international profile. Upon review of existing theory and interviews with Dutch and American planners, this research concludes that the City of Rotterdam's brand is strengthened by Dutch planners' international activities, but that any direct economic impact on the city has been negligible. Finally, it suggests that further investment into Rotterdam's local knowledge institutions and adaptation infrastructure could more efficiently serve the city's economy while maintaining its international profile.
Identifying Exoplanets with Deep Learning II: Two New Super-Earths Uncovered by a Neural Network in K2 Data
Creators: name: Dattilo, Anne
name: Vanderburg, Andrew
name: Shallue, Christopher J.
name: Mayo, Andrew W.
name: Berlind, Perry
name: Bieryla, Allyson
name: Calkins, Michael L.
name: Esquerdo, Gilbert A.
name: Everett, Mark E.
name: Howell, Steve B.
name: Latham, David W.
name: Scott, Nicholas J.
name: Yu, Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For years, scientists have used data from NASA's Kepler Space Telescope to look for and discover thousands of transiting exoplanets. In its extended K2 mission, Kepler observed stars in various regions of sky all across the ecliptic plane, and therefore in different galactic environments. Astronomers want to learn how the population of exoplanets are different in these different environments. However, this requires an automatic and unbiased way to identify the exoplanets in these regions and rule out false positive signals that mimic transiting planet signals. We present a method for classifying these exoplanet signals using deep learning, a class of machine learning algorithms that have become popular in fields ranging from medical science to linguistics. We modified a neural network previously used to identify exoplanets in the Kepler field to be able to identify exoplanets in different K2 campaigns, which range in galactic environments. We train a convolutional neural network, called AstroNet-K2, to predict whether a given possible exoplanet signal is really caused by an exoplanet or a false positive. AstroNet-K2 is highly successful at classifying exoplanets and false positives, with accuracy of 98% on our test set. It is especially efficient at identifying and culling false positives, but for now, still needs human supervision to create a complete and reliable planet candidate sample. We use AstroNet-K2 to identify and validate two previously unknown exoplanets. Our method is a step towards automatically identifying new exoplanets in K2 data and learning how exoplanet populations depend on their galactic birthplace.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, accepted to AJ. The full version of Table 3 is included in the LaTeX package
Electrically switchable $2^N$-channel wave-front control with N cascaded polarization-dependent metasurfaces
Creators: name: Ma, Zhiyao
name: Tian, Tian
name: Liao, Yuxuan
name: Feng, Xue
name: Li, Yongzhuo
name: Cui, Kaiyu
name: Liu, Fang
name: Sun, Hao
name: Zhang, Wei
name: Huang, Yidong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metasurfaces with tunable functionalities are greatly desired for modern optical system and various applications. To increase the operating channels of polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces, we proposed a structure of N cascaded dual-channel metasurfaces to achieve 2^N electrically switchable functional channels without intrinsic noise or cross-talk. As proof of principles, we have implemented a 3-layer setup to achieve 8 channels. In success, we have demonstrated two typical functionalities of vortex beam generation with switchable topological charge of l=-3 ~ +4 or l=-1~ -8, and beam steering with the deflecting direction switchable in an 8*1 line or a 4*2 grid. We believe that our proposal would provide a practical way to significantly increase the scalability and extend the functionality of polarization-multiplexed metasurfaces, which are potential for the applications of LiDAR, glasses-free 3D display, OAM (de)multiplexing, and varifocal meta-lens.
title: Allium oleraceum
title: Kohl-Lauch (Allium oleraceum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Gemüse-Lauch
subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 7 Bilder des Kohl-Lauches.
Exporting Zionism: Architectural Modernism in Israeli-African Technical Cooperation, 1958-1973
Creators: Levin, Ayala
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Architecture--Government policy
subject: Zionism
subject: Architecture
subject: FOS: Civil engineering
subject: Africans
subject: Regional planning

description: This dissertation explores Israeli architectural and construction aid in the 1960s – “the African decade” – when the majority of sub-Saharan African states gained independence from colonial rule. In the Cold War competition over development, Israel distinguished its aid by alleging a postcolonial status, similar geography, and a shared history of racial oppression to alleviate fears of neocolonial infiltration. I critically examine how Israel presented itself as a model for rapid development more applicable to African states than the West, and how the architects negotiated their professional practice in relation to the Israeli Foreign Ministry agendas, the African commissioners' expectations, and the international disciplinary discourse on modern architecture. I argue that while architectural modernism was promoted in the West as the International Style, Israeli architects translated it to the African context by imbuing it with nation-building qualities such as national cohesion, labor mobilization, skill acquisition and population dispersal. Based on their labor-Zionism settler-colonial experience, as well as criticisms of the mass construction undertaken in Israel in its first decade, the architects diverged from technocratic "high modernism" to accommodate the needs of African weak governments.
      Focusing on prestigious governmental and educational buildings such as the Sierra Leone parliament, Ife University in Nigeria, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Ethiopia, as well as urban and national planning schemes, this study brings to the fore the performative capacities of these projects in relation to the national and international audiences they addressed as vehicles of governance and markers of a desired modernity. In other words, this study examines the role these projects played in the mobilization of workers, funds, lands, infrastructure and policy making. Cutting across North-South and East-West dichotomies, the study of this modality of transnational exchange sheds new light on processes of modernization and globalization and exposes their diverse cultural and political underpinnings.
Exposing Internal Attentional Brain States using Single-Trial EEG Analysis with Combined Imaging Modalities
Creators: Walz, Jennifer
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Biomedical engineering
subject: Neurosciences
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: The goal of this dissertation is to explore the neural correlates of endogenous task-related attentional modulations. Natural fluctuations in task engagement are challenging to study, primarily because they are by nature not event related and thus cannot be controlled experimentally. Here we exploit well-accepted links between attention and various measures of neural activity while subjects perform simple target detection tasks that leave their minds free to wander. We use multimodal neuroimaging, specifically simultaneous electroencephalograpy and functional magnetic resonance imaging (EEG-fMRI) and EEG-pupillometry, with data-driven machine learning methods and study activity across the whole brain. We investigate BOLD fMRI correlates of EEG variability spanning each trial, enabling us to unravel a cascade of attention-related activations and determine their temporal ordering. We study activity during auditory and visual paradigms independently, and we also combine data to investigate supra modal attention systems. Without aiming to study known attention-related functional brain networks, we found correlates of attentional modulations in areas representative of the default mode network (DMN), ventral attention network (VAN), locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) system, and regions implicated in generation of the extensively-studied P300 EEG response to target stimuli. Our results reveal complex interactions between known attentional systems, and do so non-invasively to study normal fluctuations of task engagement in the human brain.
Metric-Learning based Deep Hashing Network for Content Based Retrieval of Remote Sensing Images
Creators: name: Roy, Subhankar
name: Sangineto, Enver
name: Demir, Begüm
name: Sebe, Nicu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hashing methods have been recently found very effective in retrieval of remote sensing (RS) images due to their computational efficiency and fast search speed. The traditional hashing methods in RS usually exploit hand-crafted features to learn hash functions to obtain binary codes, which can be insufficient to optimally represent the information content of RS images. To overcome this problem, in this paper we introduce a metric-learning based hashing network, which learns: 1) a semantic-based metric space for effective feature representation; and 2) compact binary hash codes for fast archive search. Our network considers an interplay of multiple loss functions that allows to jointly learn a metric based semantic space facilitating similar images to be clustered together in that target space and at the same time producing compact final activations that lose negligible information when binarized. Experiments carried out on two benchmark RS archives point out that the proposed network significantly improves the retrieval performance under the same retrieval time when compared to the state-of-the-art hashing methods in RS.
description: Accepted to IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. For code visit: https://github.com/MLEnthusiast/MHCLN
Complex Periodic Orbits and Tunnelling in Chaotic Potentials
Creators: name: Creagh, Stephen C.
name: Whelan, Niall D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a trace formula for the splitting-weighted density of states suitable for chaotic potentials with isolated symmetric wells. This formula is based on complex orbits which tunnel through classically forbidden barriers. The theory is applicable whenever the tunnelling is dominated by isolated orbits, a situation which applies to chaotic systems but also to certain near-integrable ones. It is used to analyse a specific two-dimensional potential with chaotic dynamics. Mean behaviour of the splittings is predicted by an orbit with imaginary action. Oscillations around this mean are obtained from a collection of related orbits whose actions have nonzero real part.
INSERÇÃO DO ALUNO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NA INICIAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA: ESTUDO DO AROMA DO MAPATI
Creators: name: POLLYANE GOMES CORREA
name: ROBERTA DIAS DA SILVA
name: CLARISSE EVELLYN REIS CARDOSO
name: ADRIAN ULRICH ALMEIDA PEREIRA
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: ESTE TRABALHO VISA APRESENTAR CARACTERÍSTICAS LIGADAS A INSERÇÃO DO ALUNO DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA NA INICIAÇÃO CIENTIFICA TENDO COMO OBJETO DE ESTUDO: O AROMA DO MAPATI
description: POLLYANE GOMES CORREA, ROBERTA DIAS DA SILVA, CLARISSE EVELLYN REIS CARDOSO, ADRIAN ULRICH ALMEIDA PEREIRA

ESCOLA ESTADUAL JAIRO DA SILVA ROCHA – SEDUC-AM

RUA RAUL PAVON, S/N. SÃO JOSÉ IV. MANAUS-AM
description: Este trabalho faz parte do livro digital: Anais do III Congresso Amazonense de Educação. Educação em destaque: projetos, estudos e pesquisas para além da sala de aula.ISBN: 978-65-00-87523-2
title: Allium scorodoprasum ssp. rotundum
title: Rundköpfiger Lauch (Allium scorodoprasum ssp. rotundum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 1 Bild des Rundköpfigen Lauches.
title: Allium scorodoprasum
title: Schlangen-Lauch (Allium scorodoprasum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 1 Bild des Schlangen-Lauches.
title: Allium schoenoprasum ssp. alpinum
title: Alpen-Lauch (Allium schoenoprasum ssp. alpinum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 4 Bilder des Alpen-Lauches.
New test on general relativity and $f(T)$ torsional gravity from galaxy-galaxy weak lensing surveys
Creators: name: Chen, Zhaoting
name: Luo, Wentao
name: Cai, Yi-Fu
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use galaxy-galaxy weak lensing data to perform a novel test on general relativity (GR) and $f(T)$ torsional gravity. In particular, we impose strong constraints using the torsional (teleparallel) formulation of gravity in which the deviation from GR is quantified by a single parameter $α$, an approximation which is always valid at low-redshift Universe and weak gravitational fields. We calculate the difference in the deflection angle and eventually derive the modified excess surface density profile, which is mainly affected at small scales. Confronting the predictions with weak lensing data from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7, we obtain the upper bound on the deviation parameter, which, expressed via the dimensionless percentage in the Universe energy content, reads as ${\rm{log_{10}}}Ω_α\le -18.52_{-0.42}^{+0.80}$(stat)$_{-0.37}^{+1.50}$(sys)$ [R_c/0.015R_{200}]$ with systematics mainly arising from the modelling of astrophysics, upon a reasonable choice of cut-off radius for $f(T)$ gravity in form of $T + αT^2$. To our knowledge, this is the first time that GR is verified at such an accuracy at the corresponding scales.
description: 8 pages, 2 figures, comments are welcome. Updated with discussions on systematics to match the published version
Painlevé transcendent evaluations of finite system density matrices for 1d impenetrable Bosons
Creators: name: Forrester, P. J.
name: Frankel, N. E.
name: Garoni, T. M.
name: Witte, N. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81Hxx;15A52;33E17

description: The recent experimental realisation of a one-dimensional Bose gas of ultra cold alkali atoms has renewed attention on the theoretical properties of the impenetrable Bose gas. Of primary concern is the ground state occupation of effective single particle states in the finite system, and thus the tendency for Bose-Einstein condensation. This requires the computation of the density matrix. For the impenetrable Bose gas on a circle we evaluate the density matrix in terms of a particular Painlevé VI transcendent in $σ$-form, and furthermore show that the density matrix satisfies a recurrence relation in the number of particles. For the impenetrable Bose gas in a harmonic trap, and with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions, we give a determinant form for the density matrix, a form as an average over the eigenvalues of an ensemble of random matrices, and in special cases an evaluation in terms of a transcendent related to Painlevé V and VI. We discuss how our results can be used to compute the ground state occupations.
description: AMSLatex, requires Commun. Math. Phys. style macros
Chemical control of self-assembly by the electrosolvation force
Creators: name: Wang, Sida
name: Walker-Gibbons, Rowan
name: Watkins, Bethany
name: Lin, Binghui
name: Krishnan, Madhavi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Self-assembly of matter in solution generally relies on attractive interactions that overcome entropy and drive the formation of higher-order molecular and particulate structures. Such interactions play key roles in a variety of contexts, e.g., crystallisation, biomolecular folding and condensation, pathological protein aggregation, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. The electrosolvation force entails a new conceptual paradigm in the known palette of interactions that drive the spontaneous accretion and organisation of matter. However, an understanding of the underlying physical chemistry, and therefore the ability to exert control over and tune the interaction, remains incomplete. Here we demonstrate that this force arises from the structure of the interfacial electrolyte. Neutral molecules such as a different solvent, osmolytes or surfactants, can - even at very low concentrations in the medium - disrupt or reinforce pre-existing interfacial solvent structure, thereby furnishing unanticipated chemical tuning of the ability of matter to self-assemble. The observations further present unexpected mechanistic elements that may explain the impact of co-solvents and osmolytes on protein structure, stability and pathological protein condensation. Our findings shed new light on microscopic mechanisms that drive the emergence of order and structure from molecular to macroscopic scales in the solution phase.
title: Allium schoenoprasum
title: Schnitt-Lauch (Allium schoenoprasum)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 7 Bilder des Schnitt-Lauches.
Studies of Phase Turbulence in the One Dimensional Complex Ginzburg-Landau Equation
Creators: name: Torcini, Alessandro
name: Frauenkron, Helge
name: Grassberger, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase-turbulent (PT) regime for the one dimensional complex Ginzburg-Landau equation (CGLE) is carefully studied, in the limit of large systems and long integration times, using an efficient new integration scheme. Particular attention is paid to solutions with a non-zero phase gradient. For fixed control parameters, solutions with conserved average phase gradient $ν$ exist only for $|ν|$ less than some upper limit. The transition from phase to defect-turbulence happens when this limit becomes zero. A Lyapunov analysis shows that the system becomes less and less chaotic for increasing values of the phase gradient. For high values of the phase gradient a family of non-chaotic solutions of the CGLE is found. These solutions consist of spatially periodic or aperiodic waves travelling with constant velocity. They typically have incommensurate velocities for phase and amplitude propagation, showing thereby a novel type of quasiperiodic behavior. The main features of these travelling wave solutions can be explained through a modified Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation that rules the phase dynamics of the CGLE in the PT phase. The latter explains also the behavior of the maximal Lyapunov exponents of chaotic solutions.
description: 16 pages, LaTeX (Version 2.09), 10 Postscript-figures included, submitted to Phys. Rev. E
title: Allium victorialis
title: Allermannsharnisch (Allium victorialis)
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Schulz, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universitätsbibliothek Braunschweig
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Diasammlung Herbert Schulz
subject: 580

description: Enthält 5 Bilder des Allermannsharnisches.
Eigenfunctions, transfer matrices, and absolutely continuous spectrum of one-dimensional Schrodinger operators
Creators: name: Last, Yoram
name: Simon, Barry
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Neat stuff about eigenfunctions, transfer matrices, and a.c. spectrum of one-dimensional Schrodinger operators
description: 33 pages, AMS-TeX
Disorder effects in planar semiconductor-superconductor structures: Majorana wires versus Josephson junctions
Creators: name: Paudel, Purna P.
name: Smith, Nathan O.
name: Stanescu, Tudor D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Disorder effects in hybrid semiconductor-superconductor (SM-SC) nanowires, widely recognized as the main obstacle to realizing stable Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in these structures, have been systematically investigated theoretically in recent years. However, there are no corresponding detailed studies of disorder effects in planar Josephson junction (JJ) structures, which represent a promising alternative to the Majorana nanowire platform. In this paper, we perform a numerical analysis of the low-energy physics of JJ structures based on an effective microscopic model that includes two types of disorder, charge impurities inside the semiconductor and roughness on the surface of the superconducting film. We consider different parameter regimes, including low and high chemical potential values, weak and strong effective SM-SC coupling strengths, and weak and strong disorder strengths. The results are benchmarked using disordered hybrid nanowires realized in planar SM-SC structures similar to those involved in the fabrication of Josephson junctions and having similar model parameters and disorder strengths. We find that the topological superconducting phase hosted by a JJ structure is, generally, more robust against disorder than the topological superconductivity realized in a hybrid nanowire with similar parameters. On the other hand, we find that operating the JJ in a regime characterized by large values of chemical potential results in huge finite-size effects that can destroy the stability of MZMs.
description: 27 pages, 27 figures
title: Development of Imaging Agents to Target Tumour Hypoxia
Creators: name: Sneddon, Deborah
Publisher: name: Griffith University
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Tumour hypoxia
subject: Detection of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression
subject: Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

description: Tumour hypoxia contributes to resistance to conventional chemo- and radiotherapy. The identification of hypoxic tumours is key to therapy planning to implement a hypoxia- guided clinical management strategy. There are no established methods in routine clinical use to detect hypoxia that are non-invasive and can be routinely prepared. Hypoxic tumours may be indirectly identified by detection of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression, an enzyme upregulated to stabilize the pH of hypoxic tumours. This thesis describes the design, synthesis and evaluation of small molecules for imaging CA IX expressing tumours with Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Molecular imaging provides a repeatable, non- invasive, in vivo measurement of several critical parameters of which PET imaging has shown superior sensitivity and MRI exquisite soft tissue contrast. Imaging agents were designed that comprise of: (i) a CA IX targeting group, a sulfonamide moiety (-SO2NH2) for CA IX targeting in vivo; (ii) a variable linking chain to allow fine tuning of pharmacokinetic properties, and (iii) a reporter group to chelate a range of metals for MRI/PET applications. Three generations of imaging agent were designed. Generation I single modal imaging agents could be utilized for MRI or PET imaging, as they incorporate a DOTA reporter group. Generation II single modal imaging agents were designed exclusively for 68Ga PET imaging, they boast a NOPO reporter group, an underexplored macrocyclic chelator in medical imaging that has remarkable selectivity for gallium chelation. Generation III bimodal imaging agents incorporate either two DOTA reporter groups or a mix of DOTA/NOPO reporter groups for MRI/PET dual modality imaging.