cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Doing Things with Words: The New Consequences of Writing in the Age of AI
Creators: name: Chokshi, Crystal Nicole
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: critical AI studies
subject: critical algorithm studies
subject: writing studies
subject: history of writing
subject: performative materiality
subject: Google
subject: climate crisis
subject: linguistic racism
subject: Social Sciences/Media Studies

description: Exploring the entanglement between artificial intelligence (AI) and writing, this thesis asks, what does writing with AI do? And, how can this doing be made visible, since the consequences of information and communication technologies (ICTs) are so often opaque? To propose one set of answers to the questions above, I begin by working with Google Smart Compose, the word-prediction AI Google launched to more than a billion global users in 2018, by way of a novel method I call AI interaction experiments. In these experiments, I transcribe texts into Gmail and Google Docs, carefully documenting Smart Compose’s interventions and output. Wedding these experiments to existing scholarship, I argue that writing with AI does three things: it engages writers in asymmetrical economic relations with Big Tech; it entangles unwitting writers in climate crisis by virtue of the vast resources, as Bender et al. (2021), Crawford (2021), and Strubell et al. (2019) have pointed out, required to train and sustain AI models; and it perpetuates linguistic racism, further embedding harmful politics of race and representation in everyday life. In making these arguments, my purpose is to intervene in normative discourses surrounding technology, exposing hard-to-see consequences so that we—people in the academy, critical media scholars, educators, and especially those of us in dominant groups— may envision better futures. Toward both exposure and reimagining, my dissertation’s primary contributions are research-creational work. Research-creational interventions accompany each of the three major chapters of this work, drawing attention to the economic, climate, and race relations that word-prediction AI conceals and to the otherwise opaque premises on which it rests. The broader wager of my dissertation is that what technologies do and what they are is inseparable: the relations a technology enacts must be exposed, and they must necessarily figure into how we understand the technology itself. Because writing with AI enacts particular economic, climate, and race relations, these relations must figure into our understanding of what it means to write with AI and, because of AI’s increasing entanglement with acts of writing, into our very understanding of what it means to write.
Completeness of Discrete Translates in $H^1(\mathbb{R})$
Creators: name: Dharra, Bhawna
name: Sivananthan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B30, 42C30, 42A65

description: We provide a characterization of discrete sets $Λ\subset \mathbb{R}$ that admit a function whose $Λ$-translates are complete in the Hardy space $H^1(\mathbb{R})$. In particular, we show that such a set cannot be uniformly discrete. We then give a uniformly discrete $Λ\subset \mathbb{R}$ which admits a pair of functions such that their $Λ$-translates are complete in $H^1(\mathbb{R})$.
Additional file 6: of Establishment of long-term serum-free culture for lacrimal gland stem cells aiming at lacrimal gland repair
Creators: name: Xiao, Sa
name: Zhang, Yan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: Plant Biology

description: Figure S3. Examination of dry eye symptoms of NOD/ShiLtJ mice. A–C. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of 12-week wild type (A) and NOD/ShiLtJ (B, C) mice LG; WT, wild type; scale bar,100 μm. D. Tear volume of 12-week wild type and NOD/ShiLtJ mice; WT, wild type; ***, P < 0.01; n = 3. E. The condition of 12-week and 36-week NOD/ShiLtJ mice eye orbits (red arrow, decay of the eye orbit) (PDF 2809 kb)
The Intersection of Autism and Eating Disorders: Understanding Body Image and Eating Problems in Women and Girls
Creators: name: Baraskewich, Jessica
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Autism
subject: Body Image
subject: Eating Disorders
subject: Psychology--Clinical
subject: Mental Health

description: The overlap between autism and eating disorders has been increasingly noticed in clinical settings in the past decade, and researchers have highlighted several similarities between disorders (e.g., executive function difficulties, socioemotional similarities). Moreover, many autistic individuals experience significant problems related to feeding and eating, often from a young age. Despite it being widely accepted that body image disturbance is a central construct related to the development and maintenance of eating disorders, little research to date has examined body image in autistic individuals and how their experience of body image relates to eating and weight-control behaviours. This study examined whether autistic women and girls differ from their non-autistic peers in the way they perceive their bodies and aimed to understand how body image disturbances relate to eating and weight control behaviours in this population. The sample was comprised of 37 autistic women and girls (aged 16 to 24) and 37 non-autistic women and girls of the same age. Information on body image, eating, and weight-control behaviours was gathered through self-report. A multidimensional conceptualization was used to test if the two groups differ in their experience across various aspects of body image. Autistic participants had relatively high rates of body dissatisfaction, eating, and feeding problems compared to the general population. The autistic group had significantly higher attitudinal body image scores and significantly higher rates of eating problems than the non-autistic group. The results suggest that although some autistic people may experience high rates of body dissatisfaction and eating problems, these feelings and behaviours are likely motivated by different reasons than their non-autistic peers. Results of the study build on the extremely limited research in this area. Implications for clinical practice in the assessment, prevention, and treatment of eating issues in this population are discussed.
Thermal Acclimation: Effects on Populations and Communities
Creators: name: Bebout, Julia
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Thermal Acclimation
subject: Population Dynamics
subject: Community Dynamics
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Thermal acclimation may be a greatly underappreciated phenomenon contributing to population and community dynamics. Commonly, models of populations or communities in variable thermal environments assume that organismal performance changes instantaneously when temperatures change, but the process of acclimation takes time. Previous research has demonstrated that acclimation can have consequences for population dynamics and perhaps species coexistence. However, it has not been explained how these effects of acclimation progress over time or the significance of these consequences for ecological modeling of fluctuating thermal environments. I use experimental protist microcosms to test the effects of acclimation on population and community dynamics. Additionally, I use a simulation modeling approach to explore the possible mechanisms and consequences of acclimation. Thermal acclimation for a protist species has asymmetrically beneficial effects on population dynamics depending on the direction of thermal change. Asymmetry in the effects of and progression of acclimation suggest that there may be multiple mechanisms involved in the process of acclimation, an idea which is supported by the results of simulation modeling. My findings indicate that acclimation can sometimes be consequential for population, and possibly community, dynamics and should be incorporated into relevant ecological models and investigated in greater mechanistic detail.
Dust Filtration by Planet-Induced Gap Edges: Implications for Transitional Disks
Creators: name: Zhu, Zhaohuan
name: Nelson, Richard P.
name: Dong, Ruobing
name: Espaillat, Catherine
name: Hartmann, Lee
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By carrying out two-dimensional two-fluid global simulations, we have studied the response of dust to gap formation by a single planet in the gaseous component of a protoplanetary disk - the so-called "dust filtration" mechanism. We have found that a gap opened by a giant planet at 20 AU in a α=0.01, \dot{M}=10^{-8} Msun/yr disk can effectively stop dust particles larger than 0.1 mm drifting inwards, leaving a sub-millimeter dust cavity/hole. However, smaller particles are difficult to filter by a planet-induced gap due to 1) dust diffusion, and 2) a high gas accretion velocity at the gap edge. An analytic model is also derived to understand what size particles can be filtered by the gap edge. Finally, with our updated understanding of dust filtration, we have computed Monte-Carlo radiative transfer models with variable dust size distributions to generate the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of disks with gaps. By comparing with transitional disk observations (e.g. GM Aur), we have found that dust filtration alone has difficulties to deplete small particles sufficiently to explain the near-IR deficit of transitional disks, except under some extreme circumstances. The scenario of gap opening by multiple planets studied previously suffers the same difficulty. One possible solution is by invoking both dust filtration and dust growth in the inner disk. In this scenario, a planet induced gap filters large dust particles in the disk, and the remaining small dust particles passing to the inner disk can grow efficiently without replenishment from fragmentation of large grains. Predictions for ALMA have also been made based on all these scenarios. We conclude that dust filtration with planet(s) in the disk is a promising mechanism to explain submm observations of transitional disks but it may need to be combined with other processes (e.g. dust growth) to explain the near-IR deficit.
description: 23 Pages, 11 figures, Accepted by ApJ
Detecting High-Frequency Gravitational Waves with Microwave Cavities
Creators: name: Berlin, Asher
name: Blas, Diego
name: D'Agnolo, Raffaele Tito
name: Ellis, Sebastian A. R.
name: Harnik, Roni
name: Kahn, Yonatan
name: Schütte-Engel, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We give a detailed treatment of electromagnetic signals generated by gravitational waves (GWs) in resonant cavity experiments. Our investigation corrects and builds upon previous studies by carefully accounting for the gauge dependence of relevant quantities. We work in a preferred frame for the laboratory, the proper detector frame, and show how to resum short-wavelength effects to provide analytic results that are exact for GWs of arbitrary wavelength. This formalism allows us to firmly establish that, contrary to previous claims, cavity experiments designed for the detection of axion dark matter only need to reanalyze existing data to search for high-frequency GWs with strains as small as $h\sim 10^{-22}-10^{-21}$. We also argue that directional detection is possible in principle using readout of multiple cavity modes. Further improvements in sensitivity are expected with cutting-edge advances in superconducting cavity technology.
description: 20 pages + appendix, 7 figures, matches journal version
Effective Teaching Practices for English as an Additional Language Learning in Alberta, Canada
Creators: name: Salmon, Katherine Lee
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: EAL
subject: ESL
subject: ELL
subject: English as an Additional Language
subject: English as a Second Language
subject: English Language Learning
subject: Effective Teaching Practices in EAL/ESL/ELL
subject: Teacher Education EAL/ESL/ELL
subject: Language Intentions
subject: Learning Intentions
subject: Explicit Language Instruction
subject: Culturally Responsive Instruction
subject: Education
subject: Education--Teacher Training
subject: Education--Bilingual and Multicultural
subject: Education--Elementary
subject: Education--Secondary

description: English as an additional language (EAL) learners lag behind their English-speaking peers academically and it takes longer for them to achieve high school completion requirements (Alberta Education, 2017; 2018, 2019a). Teachers play a critical role in providing intentional language instruction alongside content instruction to support these vulnerable learners. This study addressed three research questions: i) What instructional practices do teachers use to support EAL learners? ii) How does background knowledge inform teachers in their decision making and in determining the effectiveness of the instructional practices they use to support EAL learners? iii) In what ways do pre-service and in-service teacher education impact teachers’ effective instruction for EAL learning? Participants (n=17) were teachers who were recognized as holding specialized EAL knowledge and administrators who lead EAL learning in their jurisdiction. They participated in semi-structured interviews about the instructional practices that they perceived as the most effective for EAL learning. Six key findings were identified: i) positive relationships are foundational for EAL learners, ii) explicit language instruction needs to be embedded in the content areas, iii) teachers ideology influences their background knowledge and impacts their decision making, iv) knowledge of learning theories that impact EAL learning informs teacher’s decision making, v) effective instructional practices for EAL learning should be embedded in post-secondary courses for pre-service teachers, and vi) professional learning in EAL learning is needed for in-service teachers’ and administrators’ decision making for instruction and programming. A conclusion drawn from this study is that the language intentions have to be explicitly identified and stated along with learning intentions for each lesson/unit of study. Another conclusion is that there are some Alberta educators who have a strong theoretical knowledge and a repertoire of effective instructional strategies for EAL learning, however, many teachers and administrators do not have solid theoretical and practical knowledge. As such a recommendation from this study is that professional learning about EAL Learning is required for pre-service and in-service teachers and for practicing administrators.
A clever (self-repelling) burglar
Creators: name: Dumaz, Laure
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We derive the following property of the "true self-repelling motion", a continuous real-valued self-interacting process (X_t, t \ge 0) introduced by Balint Toth and Wendelin Werner. Conditionally on its occupation time measure at time one (which is the information about how much time it has spent where before time one), the law of X_1 is uniform in a certain admissible interval. This contrasts with the corresponding conditional distribution for Brownian motion that had been studied by Warren and Yor.
description: 21 pages, 8 figures
Untangling The Knitting Problem: An Exploration of The lnterplay Between The Cancer Journey, ldentity, lnformation, and The lnternet
Creators: name: Thiessen, Maclean
Publisher: name: Nursing
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: oncology
subject: nursing
subject: medicine
subject: health services
subject: empowerment
subject: information needs
subject: theory
subject: grounded theory
subject: classic grounded theory
subject: scoping review
subject: medical history
subject: internet
subject: cancer
subject: patient-oriented research
subject: patients
subject: informal caregivers
subject: Medicine and Surgery

description: Background: Information helps support the identity of individuals navigating the cancer journey. However, information is one of the most prevalent unmet supportive care needs of those living with cancer. The objectives of this thesis are to 1) characterize how tools for assessing the information needs of those living with cancer have been developed, 2) determine what characteristics make information useful for navigating the cancer journey, and 3) conceptualize why and how individuals use the internet to access information including what characteristics make online information content useful. Methods: Objective 1 was addressed through a scoping review of the peer-reviewed literature exploring the development of information needs assessment tools for use in the cancer context. Objectives 2 and 3 were addressed using semi-structured interviews and classic grounded theory in two sequentially conducted studies. Results: The scoping review identified 21 tools for assessing information needs. Development of the tools was primarily informed by healthcare professionals and pre-existing literature, not those with lived cancer experience. The first grounded theory (n = 60) defined high-quality information as that which was accessible, credible, applicable, and framed in a way that was empowering and provided hope. The second grounded theory (N = 21) described that individuals used the internet when high-quality information for a challenge they were facing was not available from healthcare providers to address the key orientation questions of: 1) why the challenge is happening, 2) what to expect from it, and 3) what options exist for managing it. Recommendations for better online content include, but are not limited to, clearly identifying the population the content is for and the placement of hyperlinks after the key orientation questions have been addressed. Conclusion: Current understanding of what information needs are important for those living with cancer is highly influenced by what healthcare professionals consider important for patients to know - not necessarily the priorities of those living with cancer. Characterization of the challenges faced by those living with cancer is necessary to guide the development of information needs assessment tools and interventions. This work should be undertaken in partnership with those that have lived experience.
The Illiberal Search for Order: Protestant Preventive Societies, Theodore Roosevelt, and Sexual Repression in Progressive Era New York City
Creators: name: Connolly, Michael R. D.
Publisher: name: Graduate Studies
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Sex work
subject: Society for the Prevention of Crime
subject: Theodore Roosevelt
subject: Progressivism
subject: Municipal Reform
subject: New York City
subject: Police
subject: Vice
subject: History--United States

description: This thesis explores the intersection of political reform, moral policing, and social control in Progressive era New York City, centred around Theodore Roosevelt’s tenure as President of the Police Commission from May 1895 to April 1897 and Charles Parkhurst’s Society for the Prevention of Crime (SPC). The SPC and other preventive societies played a crucial role in pushing for increased policing of vice, especially sex work, and sought to redefine sexual boundaries based on conservative Protestant values. As President of the Police Commission, Roosevelt followed the illiberal methods employed by reformers like Rev. Dr. Charles Parkhurst, President of the SPC. Roosevelt’s enforcement of vice laws, specifically targeting saloons and disorderly houses, endeared him to the moral reformers, but it alienated the working class and led to his unpopularity in New York City which dogged him during his 1898 run for governor. The narrative delves into the contrasting approaches of traditional reformers, who sought non-partisan municipal administration, and Progressives, who aimed for systemic change to improve social cohesion and efficiency. The enforcement of conservative moral values curtailed individual liberties and led to increased tension between the working class and reformers.
Additional file 11 of Small RNA profiling for identification of microRNAs involved in regulation of seed development and lipid biosynthesis in yellowhorn
Creators: name: Wang, Li
name: Ruan, Chengjiang
name: Bao, Aomin
name: Li, He
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 11: Figure S1. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of cDNA encoding Mediator subunit 15a (XsMED15A). The start codon is marked in red color font. An asterick represents the stop codon.
Crafting AI Terms of Use for Higher Education
Creators: name: Sabbaghan, Soroush
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2023
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence
AI
Higher Education
Ethics
Academic Integrity
Ethically Aligned Design
Technology
Autonomous and Intelligent Systems
A/IS
Human Rights
Equity

description: The use of AI for educational purposes has triggered a revolution in education (Chaudhry & Kazim, 2022; Yueh & Chiang, 2020). The increasing adoption of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education underscores the necessity of formulating ethical guidelines that promote responsible and advantageous usage of these groundbreaking instruments by learners (Lim et al., 2022). Regrettably, the ethical dimensions of AI applications in education have been mostly disregarded in educational research (Yu & Yu, 2023) due to the rapid advancement in AI technology. Despite the challenges, educational researchers and higher education institutions have a responsibility to provide ongoing guidance so that AI technologies can be implemented in an ethical manner. In pursuit of the stated objective, this paper begins by first encapsulating the salient principles outlined in IEEE's Ethically Aligned Design (EAD2v2) Standards (2018), which serves as a crucial reference for the ethical development and deployment of AI and autonomous systems. Then, the highly influential Fjeld et al.’s (2020) paper – a Berkman Klein Center’s (a Harvard University research centre) publication is explained. Drawing from the insights offered by these two prominent frameworks, a comprehensive and interdisciplinary foundation for the ethical utilization of AI by learners is synthesized. The objective is to provide a balanced and holistic approach to the employment of AI by students in higher education. By adhering to the synthesized guidelines, it is hoped that AI technologies will be employed in ways that advance the noble objectives of education while safeguarding the ethical, social, and human values at its core.
Speeds and arrival times of solar transients approximated by self-similar expanding circular fronts
Creators: name: Möstl, Christian
name: Davies, Jackie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NASA STEREO mission opened up the possibility to forecast the arrival times, speeds and directions of solar transients from outside the Sun-Earth line. In particular, we are interested in predicting potentially geo-effective Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections (ICMEs) from observations of density structures at large observation angles from the Sun (with the STEREO Heliospheric Imager instrument). We contribute to this endeavor by deriving analytical formulas concerning a geometric correction for the ICME speed and arrival time for the technique introduced by Davies et al. (2012, ApJ, in press) called Self-Similar Expansion Fitting (SSEF). This model assumes that a circle propagates outward, along a plane specified by a position angle (e.g. the ecliptic), with constant angular half width (lambda). This is an extension to earlier, more simple models: Fixed-Phi-Fitting (lambda = 0 degree) and Harmonic Mean Fitting (lambda = 90 degree). This approach has the advantage that it is possible to assess clearly, in contrast to previous models, if a particular location in the heliosphere, such as a planet or spacecraft, might be expected to be hit by the ICME front. Our correction formulas are especially significant for glancing hits, where small differences in the direction greatly influence the expected speeds (up to 100-200 km/s) and arrival times (up to two days later than the apex). For very wide ICMEs (2 lambda > 120 degree), the geometric correction becomes very similar to the one derived by Möstl et al. (2011, ApJ, 741, id. 34) for the Harmonic Mean model. These analytic expressions can also be used for empirical or analytical models to predict the 1 AU arrival time of an ICME by correcting for effects of hits by the flank rather than the apex, if the width and direction of the ICME in a plane are known and a circular geometry of the ICME front is assumed.
description: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in "Solar Physics"
Ultimate quantum sensitivity in the estimation of the delay between two interfering photons through frequency-resolving sampling
Creators: name: Triggiani, Danilo
name: Psaroudis, Giorgos
name: Tamma, Vincenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate the ultimate sensitivity allowed by quantum physics in the estimation of the time delay between two photons by measuring their interference at a beam-splitter through frequency-resolving sampling measurements. This sensitivity can be increased quadratically by decreasing the photonic temporal bandwidth even at values smaller than the time delay when standard two-photon interferometers become inoperable and without adapting the path of the reference photon, nor the need of time-resolving detectors with an unfeasible high resolution. Applications can range from more feasible imaging of nanostructures, including biological samples, and nanomaterial surfaces to quantum enhanced estimation based on frequency-resolved boson sampling in optical networks.
description: 15 pages, 9 figures
Generating Entangled Microwave Radiation Over Two Transmission Lines
Creators: name: Flurin, Emmanuel
name: Roch, Nicolas
name: Mallet, Francois
name: Devoret, Michel H.
name: Huard, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a superconducting circuit, the Josephson mixer, we demonstrate the first experimental realization of spatially separated two-mode squeezed states of microwave light. Driven by a pump tone, a first Josephson mixer generates, out of quantum vacuum, a pair of entangled fields at different frequencies on separate transmission lines. A second mixer, driven by a $π$-phase shifted copy of the first pump tone, recombines and disentangles the two fields. The resulting output noise level is measured to be lower than for vacuum state at the input of the second mixer, an unambiguous proof of entanglement. Moreover, the output noise level provides a direct, quantitative measure of entanglement, leading here to the demonstration of 6 Mebit.s$^{-1}$ (Mega entangled bits per second) generated by the first mixer.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary Information can be found here as an ancillary file
5.2 WP5 Technical report_ Schema for Systematic Management of Survey Data
Creators: name: Kamrani, Sameer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: In social science research, surveys are undertaken to collect information regarding specific social phenomenon (Mogalakwe, 2006). Social science constructs have complex meanings and this makes it difficult to capture all the dimensions of a concept (Babbie, 2020). However, it is a complex and challenging task to handle survey data due to the volume of information and the complexity of relationships between different codes, questions, variables and other items. Previous researches have used well-designed database schema to provide a structured approach to managing social science research data, allowing the researchers efficiently query and analyse the data (George, Voorhis, & Lee, 1994).
In this paper, we propose a cross-referencing schema to manage survey data. The schema includes entities related to surveys. The schema stores information about each item in the survey, and also allows for the creation of cross-references between items, enabling researchers to analyse relationships between different items as well as managing a list of controlled vocabulary terms used to standardize the terms used in surveys.
Phase diagram of the half-filled one-dimensional t-V-V' model
Creators: name: Mishra, Tapan
name: Carrasquilla, Juan
name: Rigol, Marcos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phase diagram of spinless fermions with nearest and next-nearest-neighbor interactions in one dimension utilizing the (finite-size) density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) method. The competition between nearest and next-nearest-neighbor interactions and nearest-neighbor hopping generates four phases in this model: two charge-density-wave insulators, a Luttinger liquid phase, and a bond-order phase. We use finite-size scaling of the gap and various structure factors to determine the phase diagram.
description: 7 pages, 9 figures
Market Potential for Low-Fat Milk
Creators: name: Moede, Herbert H.
name: Burnside, Betty
name: Moede, Herbert H.
name: Burnside, Betty
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies

description: Excerpts from the report: The general purpose of this study was to appraise the market potential for low-fat milk--a fluid milk product having a butterfat content that falls between the levels generally found in whole and skim milk sold at retail. Changes in consumer purchasing habits have had a significant impact on the retail sales of fluid milk products. Increased use of competitive beverage items such as carbonated and noncarbonated drinks may be one of the significant factors in this decline. Advances in farm management technology, particularly herding and feeding practices during the past decade, have led to increased output per cow. Both government and the dairy industry--through increased research, promotion, and development of new or improved fluid milk products--are seeking methods and products which will increase per person consumption of fluid milk. One such product is low-fat milk sometimes referred to as “2-percent” milk.
Deep Reinforcement Learning, a textbook
Creators: name: Plaat, Aske
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep reinforcement learning has gathered much attention recently. Impressive results were achieved in activities as diverse as autonomous driving, game playing, molecular recombination, and robotics. In all these fields, computer programs have taught themselves to solve difficult problems. They have learned to fly model helicopters and perform aerobatic manoeuvers such as loops and rolls. In some applications they have even become better than the best humans, such as in Atari, Go, poker and StarCraft. The way in which deep reinforcement learning explores complex environments reminds us of how children learn, by playfully trying out things, getting feedback, and trying again. The computer seems to truly possess aspects of human learning; this goes to the heart of the dream of artificial intelligence. The successes in research have not gone unnoticed by educators, and universities have started to offer courses on the subject. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the field of deep reinforcement learning. The book is written for graduate students of artificial intelligence, and for researchers and practitioners who wish to better understand deep reinforcement learning methods and their challenges. We assume an undergraduate-level of understanding of computer science and artificial intelligence; the programming language of this book is Python. We describe the foundations, the algorithms and the applications of deep reinforcement learning. We cover the established model-free and model-based methods that form the basis of the field. Developments go quickly, and we also cover advanced topics: deep multi-agent reinforcement learning, deep hierarchical reinforcement learning, and deep meta learning.
description: Revised version 2023, added description of Monte Carlo sampling and N-step algorithm, improved explanation of on-policy and off-policy learning. Preprint available by permission of Publisher
Counting Low-Mass Stars in Integrated Light
Creators: name: Conroy, Charlie
name: van Dokkum, Pieter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Low-mass stars (M<0.4Msun) are thought to comprise the bulk of the stellar mass of galaxies but they constitute only of order a percent of the bolometric luminosity of an old stellar population. Directly estimating the number of low-mass stars from integrated flux measurements of old stellar systems is therefore possible but very challenging given the numerous variables that can affect the light at the percent level. Here we present a new population synthesis model created specifically for the purpose of measuring the low-mass initial mass function (IMF) down to ~0.1Msun for metal-rich stellar populations with ages in the range 3-13.5 Gyr. Our fiducial model is based on the synthesis of three separate isochrones and a combination of optical and near-IR empirical stellar libraries in order to produce integrated light spectra over the wavelength interval 0.35mu
description: 23 pages, 19 figures, ApJ accepted. The models presented in this paper will be made available upon request
CyberSpec: Intelligent Behavioral Fingerprinting to Detect Attacks on Crowdsensing Spectrum Sensors
Creators: name: Celdrán, Alberto Huertas
name: Sánchez, Pedro Miguel Sánchez
name: Bovet, Gérôme
name: Pérez, Gregorio Martínez
name: Stiller, Burkhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) is a novel paradigm using crowdsensing spectrum sensors to help with the management of spectrum scarcity. However, well-known vulnerabilities of resource-constrained spectrum sensors and the possibility of being manipulated by users with physical access complicate their protection against spectrum sensing data falsification (SSDF) attacks. Most recent literature suggests using behavioral fingerprinting and Machine/Deep Learning (ML/DL) for improving similar cybersecurity issues. Nevertheless, the applicability of these techniques in resource-constrained devices, the impact of attacks affecting spectrum data integrity, and the performance and scalability of models suitable for heterogeneous sensors types are still open challenges. To improve limitations, this work presents seven SSDF attacks affecting spectrum sensors and introduces CyberSpec, an ML/DL-oriented framework using device behavioral fingerprinting to detect anomalies produced by SSDF attacks affecting resource-constrained spectrum sensors. CyberSpec has been implemented and validated in ElectroSense, a real crowdsensing RF monitoring platform where several configurations of the proposed SSDF attacks have been executed in different sensors. A pool of experiments with different unsupervised ML/DL-based models has demonstrated the suitability of CyberSpec detecting the previous attacks within an acceptable timeframe.
Bond order solid of two-dimensional dipolar fermions
Creators: name: Bhongale, S. G.
name: Mathey, L.
name: Tsai, Shan-Wen
name: Clark, Charles W.
name: Zhao, Erhai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experimental realization of dipolar Fermi gases near or below quantum degeneracy provides opportunity to engineer Hubbard-like models with long range interactions. Motivated by these experiments, we chart out the theoretical phase diagram of interacting dipolar fermions on the square lattice at zero temperature and half filling. We show that in addition to p-wave superfluid and charge density wave order, two new and exotic types of bond order emerge generically in dipolar fermion systems. These phases feature homogeneous density but periodic modulations of the kinetic hopping energy between nearest or next-nearest neighbors. Similar, but manifestly different, phases of two-dimensional correlated electrons have previously only been hypothesized and termed "density waves of nonzero angular momentum". Our results suggest that these phases can be constructed flexibly with dipolar fermions, using currently available experimental techniques.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, supplementary material also included; to appear in Phys. Rev. Lett. (in press)
Global regulation of the Lon protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its influence on ciprofloxacin resistance and virulence
Creators: name: Breidenstein, Elena Bernadette Monika
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2012

description: This thesis focuses on investigating global regulation, ciprofloxacin resistance and virulence by the ATP-dependent Lon protease of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Screening a P. aeruginosa PA14 mutant library for non-essential genes involved in altered ciprofloxacin susceptibility identified more than 100 genes (35 involved in intrinsic and 79 in mutational resistance). The identification of known and novel genes involved in resistance through mutant library screening provided new insights into the ciprofloxacin resistome. These mutants provide insights into adaptive resistance mechanisms and the clinical phenomenon of creeping baselines. The ATP-dependent Lon protease, which showed a 4-8 fold increase in ciprofloxacin susceptibility upon mutation, was chosen for more detailed studies. This study showed that Lon protease regulated antibiotic resistance and virulence properties despite the fact that it is not a traditional regulator. The ciprofloxacin susceptible phenotype of a lon mutant could be complemented. Furthermore, the lon mutant was identified to influence cytotoxicity, adhesion, anaerobic growth and metabolism as well as impact on global regulation. Microarray analysis showed that Lon is at the top of a transcriptional hierarchy dysregulating around 200 genes. Proteomic profiling showed that Lon appeared to be involved in cleaving GroEL, Hfq and KatA amongst others. Furthermore, mechanistic studies on the involvement of Lon protease in the SOS response under sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin revealed that SOS response was less induced in the lon mutant which could be explained by the action of Lon on the key SOS regulator RecA. Lon protease influences virulence in vivo as shown in a lettuce leaf model, an amoeba assay as well as a rat model of chronic infection. The alterations in virulence-related processes in vitro in a lon mutant were also paralleled by defective virulence in vivo. Antibiotic resistance and motility phenotypes were also investigated for other proteases and mutations in pfpI, clpP and clpS had distinct, but overlapping phenotypes cf. the lon mutant. Overall, my results suggest that while the Lon protease is not a traditional regulator, it is still involved in a multitude of cellular processes highlighting its importance for the bacterial cell. Thus, it would be a good target for therapy.
Spiral Instabilities in N-body Simulations I: Emergence from Noise
Creators: name: Sellwood, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The origin of spiral patterns in galaxies is still not fully understood. Similar features also develop readily in N-body simulations of isolated cool, collisionless disks, yet even here the mechanism has yet to be explained. In this series of papers, I present a detailed study of the origin of spiral activity in simulations in the hope that the mechanism that causes the patterns is also responsible for some of these features galaxies. In this first paper, I use a suite of highly idealized simulations of a linearly stable disk that employ increasing numbers of particles. While the amplitudes of initial non-axisymmetric features scale as the inverse square-root of the number of particles employed, the final amplitude of the patterns is independent of the particle number. I find that the amplitudes of non-axisymmetric disturbances grow in two distinct phases: slow growth occurs when the relative overdensity is below ~2%, but above this level the amplitude rises more rapidly. I show that all features, even of very low amplitude, scatter particles at the inner Lindblad resonance, changing the distribution of particles in the disk in such a way as to foster continued growth. Stronger scattering by larger amplitude waves provokes a vigorous instability that is a true linear mode of the modified disk.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, revised after referee's report, accepted to appear ApJ, minor textual revisions
Using Generative AI Ethically: Teaching, Learning, and Assessing in a Postplagiarism Era
Creators: name: Eaton, Sarah Elaine
Publisher: name: Werklund School of Education
Year: 2023
Subjects: Artificial Intelligence
AI
academic integrity

description: Complete slide deck.
description: Teaching and assessing writing have become increasingly complex with the emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) apps and tools that students can access freely or at a low cost. In this keynote, Sarah Elaine Eaton provides insights into how Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and similar apps are impacting teaching, learning, and assessment. Dr. Eaton will share insights from a recent research project she is leading at the University of Calgary in which the team is asking the question: What are the ethical implications of artificial intelligence technologies for teaching, learning, and assessment? This session is not about how to use specific tools. Instead, we will delve into the broad ethical and practical implications of AI for education. Considerations for equity, diversity, and inclusion and advocacy will be addressed. A key takeaway is that a comprehensive and holistic view academic integrity is about more than preventing plagiarism or cheating; it is about ethical decision-making in and beyond the classroom. In a multi-stakeholder approach to academic integrity, everyone within the educational system holds a responsibility for ethical conduct, including how we use technology today and into the future. Cite as: Eaton, S. E. (2023, July 25). Using Generative AI Ethically: Teaching, Learning, and Assessing in a Postplagiarism Era [Invited presentation]. Ontario Universities Council on eLearning (OUCeL) Summer Institute, Ontario, Canada [Online].
New first trimester crown-rump length's equations optimized by structured data collection from a French general population
Creators: name: Constant, Marc
name: Tran, Viet Chi
name: Benoît, Bernard
name: Vasseur, Francis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: --- Objectives --- Prior to foetal karyotyping, the likelihood of Down's syndrome is often determined combining maternal age, serum free beta-HCG, PAPP-A levels and embryonic measurements of crown-rump length and nuchal translucency for gestational ages between 11 and 13 weeks. It appeared important to get a precise knowledge of these scan parameters' normal values during the first trimester. This paper focused on crown-rump length. --- METHODS --- 402 pregnancies from in-vitro fertilization allowing a precise estimation of foetal ages (FA) were used to determine the best model that describes crown-rump length (CRL) as a function of FA. Scan measures by a single operator from 3846 spontaneous pregnancies representative of the general population from Northern France were used to build a mathematical model linking FA and CRL in a context as close as possible to normal scan screening used in Down's syndrome likelihood determination. We modeled both CRL as a function of FA and FA as a function of CRL. For this, we used a clear methodology and performed regressions with heteroskedastic corrections and robust regressions. The results were compared by cross-validation to retain the equations with the best predictive power. We also studied the errors between observed and predicted values. --- Results --- Data from 513 spontaneous pregnancies allowed to model CRL as a function of age of foetal age. The best model was a polynomial of degree 2. Datation with our equation that models spontaneous pregnancies from a general population was in quite agreement with objective datations obtained from 402 IVF pregnancies and thus support the validity of our model. The most precise measure of CRL was when the SD was minimal (1.83mm), for a CRL of 23.6 mm where our model predicted a 49.4 days of foetal age. Our study allowed to model the SD from 30 to 90 days of foetal age and offers the opportunity of using Zscores in the future to detect growth abnormalities. --- Conclusion --- With powerful statistical tools we report a good modeling of the first trimester embryonic growth in the general population allowing a better knowledge of the date of fertilization useful in the ultrasound screening of Down's syndrome. The optimal period to measure CRL and predict foetal age was 49.4 days (9 weeks of gestational age). Our results open the way to the detection of foetal growth abnormalities using CRL Zscores throughout the first trimester.