cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Experimental signatures of gravitational wave bursters
Creators: name: Dubath, Florian
name: Foffa, Stefano
name: Gasparini, Maria Alice
name: Maggiore, Michele
name: Sturani, Riccardo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational wave bursters are sources which emit repeatedly bursts of gravitational waves, and have been recently suggested as potentially interesting candidates for gravitational wave (GW) detectors. Mechanisms that could give rise to a GW burster can be found for instance in highly magnetized neutron stars (the magnetars which explain the phenomenon of soft gamma repeaters), in accreting neutron stars and in hybrid stars with a quark core. We point out that these sources have very distinctive experimental signatures. In particular, as already observed in the gamma-ray bursts from soft gamma repeaters, the energy spectrum of the events is a power-law, dN\sim E^{-γ}dE with γ\simeq 1.6, and they have a distribution of waiting times (the times between one outburst and the next) significantly different from the distribution of uncorrelated events. We discuss possible detection strategies that could be used to search for these events in existing gravitational wave detectors.
description: 4pages, 2 figs
FAIR Data Management at Harvard
Creators: name: Goldman, Julie
name: Brooke, Danny
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: research data management
data management plan
machine-actionable DMP
data commons
open science

description: A major barrier to streamlining workflows throughout the research lifecycle is lack of interoperability between tools, preventing comprehensive collection and incorporation of research data and metadata into the research record captured during the active phase of research, and limiting the scope for passing this data and metadata on to data repositories, thus undermining FAIR data principles and reproducibility. This example use case shows the new integration between a data planning tool (DMPTool), an electronic lab notebook (RSpace), and a data repository (Dataverse), and its use in an institutional environment (Harvard), and the research stakeholders involved in services support. Additionally, work is shared on progress towards a Harvard Data Commons that should provide the integrated technology behind the services that support the research data lifecycle. Presented as part of the Open Source Community Call "Streamlining the research lifecycle and enhancing FAIR principles with interoperable tools" co-hosted by FORCE11, Dryad, and eLife on January 25, 2022.
Sensitivity of ${^{44}}$Ti and ${^{56}}$Ni production in CCSN shock-driven nucleosynthesis to reaction rates
Creators: name: Subedi, Shiv K.
name: Meisel, Zach
name: Merz, Grant
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observational advances have enabled high resolution mapping of ${^{44}}$Ti in core-collapse supernova (CCSN) remnants. Comparisons between observations and models provide stringent constraints on the CCSN mechanism. However, past work has identified several uncertain nuclear reaction rates that influence ${^{44}}$Ti and ${^{56}}$Ni production in post-processing model calculations. We evolved one dimensional models of $15~M_{\odot}$, $18~M_{\odot}$, $22~M_{\odot}$ and $25~M_{\odot}$ stars from zero-age main sequence through CCSN using {\tt MESA} (Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics) and investigated the previously identified reaction rate sensitivities of ${^{44}}$Ti and ${^{56}}$Ni production. We tested the robustness of our results by making various assumptions about the CCSN explosion energy and mass-cut. We found a number of reactions that have a significant impact on the nucleosynthesis of ${^{44}}$Ti and ${^{56}}$Ni, particularly for lower progenitor masses. Notably, the reaction rates $^{13}{\rm N}(α,p)^{16}{\rm O}$, $^{17}{\rm F}(α,p)^{20}{\rm Ne}$, $^{52}{\rm Fe}(α,p)^{55}{\rm Co}$, $^{56}{\rm Ni}(α,p)^{59}{\rm Cu}$, $^{57}{\rm Ni}(n,p)^{57}{\rm Co}$, $^{56}{\rm Co}(p,n)^{56}{\rm Ni}$, $^{39}{\rm K}(p,γ)^{40}{\rm Ca}$, $^{47}{\rm V}(p,γ)^{48}{\rm Cr}$, $^{52}{\rm Mn}(p,γ)^{53}{\rm Fe}$, $^{57}{\rm Co}(p,γ)^{58}{\rm Ni}$, and $^{39}{\rm K}(p,α)^{36}{\rm Ar}$ are influential for a large number of model conditions. Furthermore, we found the list of influential reactions identified by previous post-processing studies of CCSN shock-driven nucleosynthesis is likely incomplete, motivating future larger-scale sensitivity studies.
description: 15 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables; Accepted to the Astrophysical Journal
Ubiquitous Coexisting Electron-Mode Couplings in High Temperature Cuprate Superconductors
Creators: name: Yan, Hongtao
name: Bok, Jin Mo
name: He, Junfeng
name: Zhang, Wentao
name: Gao, Qiang
name: Luo, Xiangyu
name: Cai, Yongqing
name: Peng, Yingying
name: Meng, Jianqiao
name: Li, Cong
name: Chen, Hao
name: Song, Chunyao
name: Yin, Chaohui
name: Miao, Taimin
name: Gu, Genda
name: Lin, Chengtian
name: Zhang, Fengfeng
name: Yang, Feng
name: Zhang, Shenjin
name: Peng, Qinjun
name: Liu, Guodong
name: Zhao, Lin
name: Choi, Han-Yong
name: Xu, Zuyan
name: Zhou, X. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In conventional superconductors, the electron-phonon coupling plays a dominant role in pairing the electrons and generating superconductivity. In high temperature cuprate superconductors, the existence of the electron coupling with phonons and other boson modes and its role in producing high temperature superconductivity remain unclear. The evidence of the electron-boson coupling mainly comes from the angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) observations of the ~70meV nodal dispersion kink and the ~40meV antinodal kink. However, the reported results are sporadic and the nature of the involved bosons are still under debate. Here we report new findings of ubiquitous two coexisting electron-mode couplings in cuprate superconductors. By taking ultra-high resolution laser-based ARPES measurements, combined with the improved second derivative analysis method, we discovered that the electrons are coupled simultaneously with two sharp phonon modes with energies of ~70meV and ~40meV in different superconductors with different doping levels, over the entire momentum space and at different temperatures above and below the superconducting transition temperature. The observed electron-phonon couplings are unusual because the associated energy scales do not exhibit an obvious change across the superconducting transition. We further find that the well-known "peak-dip-hump" structure, which has long been considered as a hallmark of superconductivity, is also omnipresent and consists of finer structures that originates from electron coupling with two sharp phonon modes. These comprehensive results provide a unified picture to reconcile all the reported observations and pinpoint the origin of the electron-mode couplings in cuprate superconductors. They provide key information to understand the role of the electron-phonon coupling in generating high temperature superconductivity.
Fermionic Mach-Zehnder interferometer subject to a quantum bath
Creators: name: Marquardt, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study fermions in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, subject to a quantum-mechanical environment leading to inelastic scattering, decoherence, renormalization effects, and time-dependent conductance fluctuations. Both the loss of interference contrast as well as the shot noise are calculated, using equations of motion and leading order perturbation theory. The full dependence of the shot-noise correction on setup parameters, voltage, temperature and the bath spectrum is presented. We find an interesting contribution due to correlations between the fluctuating renormalized phase shift and the output current, discuss the limiting behaviours at low and high voltages, and compare with simpler models of dephasing.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures
Multiple copy 2-state discrimination with individual measurements
Creators: name: Acin, A
name: Bagan, E.
name: Baig, M.
name: Masanes, Ll.
name: Munoz-Tapia, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We address the problem of non-orthogonal two-state discrimination when multiple copies of the unknown state are available. We give the optimal strategy when only fixed individual measurements are allowed and show that its error probability saturates the collective (lower) bound asymptotically. We also give the optimal strategy when adaptivity of individual von Neumann measurements is allowed (which requires classical communication), and show that the corresponding error probability is exactly equal to the collective one for any number of copies. We show that this strategy can be regarded as Bayesian updating.
description: 5 pages, RevTeX
Molecular clumps disguising their star formation efficiency per freefall time: What we can do not to be fooled
Creators: name: Parmentier, Genevieve
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The presence of a volume density gradient in molecular clumps allow them to raise their star formation rate compared to what they would experience were their gas uniform in density. This higher star formation rate yields in turn a higher value for the star formation efficiency per freefall time that we measure. The measured star formation efficiency per freefall time $ε_{\rm ff, meas}$ of clumps is therefore plagued by a degeneracy, as two factors contribute to it: one is the density gradient of the clump gas, the other is the intrinsic star formation efficiency per freefall time $ε_{\rm ff, int}$ with which the clump would form stars should there be no gas density gradient. This paper presents a method allowing one to recover the intrinsic efficiency of a centrally-concentrated clump. It hinges on the relation between the surface densities in stars and gas measured locally from clump center to clump edge. Knowledge of the initial density profile of the clump gas is not required. A step-by-step description of the method is provided as a tool in hand for observers. Once $ε_{\rm ff, int}$ has been estimated, it can be compared with its measured, clump-averaged, counterpart $ε_{\rm ff, meas}$ to quantify the impact that the initial gas density profile of a clump has had on its star formation history.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Using Design Metaphors to Understand User Expectations of Socially Interactive Robot Embodiments
Creators: name: Dennler, Nathaniel
name: Ruan, Changxiao
name: Hadiwijoyo, Jessica
name: Chen, Brenna
name: Nikolaidis, Stefanos
name: Mataric, Maja
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The physical design of a robot suggests expectations of that robot's functionality for human users and collaborators. When those expectations align with the true capabilities of the robot, interaction with the robot is enhanced. However, misalignment of those expectations can result in an unsatisfying interaction. This paper uses Mechanical Turk to evaluate user expectation through the use of design metaphors as applied to a wide range of robot embodiments. The first study (N=382) associates crowd-sourced design metaphors to different robot embodiments. The second study (N=803) assesses initial social expectations of robot embodiments. The final study (N=805) addresses the degree of abstraction of the design metaphors and the functional expectations projected on robot embodiments. Together, these results can guide robot designers toward aligning user expectations with true robot capabilities, facilitating positive human-robot interaction.
description: 33 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables
Clearing Payments in Dynamic Financial Networks
Creators: name: Calafiore, Giuseppe C.
name: Fracastoro, Giulia
name: Proskurnikov, Anton V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This paper proposes a novel dynamical model for determining clearing payments in financial networks. We extend the classical Eisenberg-Noe model of financial contagion to multiple time periods, allowing financial operations to continue after possible initial pseudo defaults, thus permitting nodes to recover and eventually fulfil their liabilities. Optimal clearing payments in our model are computed by solving a suitable linear program, both in the full matrix payments case and in the pro-rata constrained case. We prove that the proposed model obeys the \emph{priority of debt claims} requirement, that is, each node at every step either pays its liabilities in full, or it pays out all its balance. In the pro-rata case, the optimal dynamic clearing payments are unique, and can be determined via a time-decoupled sequential optimization approach.
Thermodynamics and static response of anomalous 1D fermions via quantum Monte Carlo in the worldline representation
Creators: name: McKenney, J. R.
name: Jose, A.
name: Drut, J. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A system of three-species fermions in one spatial dimension (1D) with a contact three-body interaction is known to display a scale anomaly. This anomaly is identical to that of a two-dimensional (2D) system of two-species fermions. The exact relation between those two systems, however, is limited to the two-particle sector of the 2D case and the three-particle sector of the 1D case. Here, we implement a non-perturbative Monte Carlo approach, based on the worldline representation, to calculate the thermodynamics and static response of three-species fermions in 1D, thus tackling the many-body sector of the problem. We determine the energy, density, and pressure equations of state, and the compressibility and magnetic susceptibility for a wide range of temperatures and coupling strengths. We compare our results with the third-order virial expansion.
description: 12 pages; 12 figures
Improved Information Theoretic Generalization Bounds for Distributed and Federated Learning
Creators: name: Barnes, L. P.
name: Dytso, Alex
name: Poor, H. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider information-theoretic bounds on expected generalization error for statistical learning problems in a networked setting. In this setting, there are $K$ nodes, each with its own independent dataset, and the models from each node have to be aggregated into a final centralized model. We consider both simple averaging of the models as well as more complicated multi-round algorithms. We give upper bounds on the expected generalization error for a variety of problems, such as those with Bregman divergence or Lipschitz continuous losses, that demonstrate an improved dependence of $1/K$ on the number of nodes. These "per node" bounds are in terms of the mutual information between the training dataset and the trained weights at each node, and are therefore useful in describing the generalization properties inherent to having communication or privacy constraints at each node.
description: This version of the paper adds an assumption that was missing from Theorem 4 for loss functions of type (i). Thanks to Peyman Gholami for spotting this bug
Pattern Formation by Boundary Forcing in Convectively Unstable, Oscillatory Media With and Without Differential Transport
Creators: name: McGraw, Patrick N.
name: Menzinger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by recent experiments and models of biological segmentation, we analyze the exicitation of pattern-forming instabilities of convectively unstable reaction-diffusion-advection (RDA) systems, occuring by means of constant or periodic forcing at the upstream boundary. Such boundary-controlled pattern selection is a generalization of the flow-distributed oscillation (FDO) mechanism that can include Turing or differential flow instability (DIFI) modes. Our goal is to clarify the relationships among these mechanisms in the general case where there is differential flow as well as differential diffusion. We do so by analyzing the dispersion relation for linear perturbations and showing how its solutions are affected by differential transport. We find a close relationship between DIFI and FDO, while the Turing mechanism gives rise to a distinct set of unstable modes. Finally, we illustrate the relevance of the dispersion relations using nonlinear simulations and we discuss the experimental implications of our results.
description: Revised version with added content (new section and figures added), changes to wording and organization
Coalescence, crystallographic orientation and luminescence of ZnO nanowires grown on Si(001) by chemical vapour transport
Creators: name: Fernández-Garrido, S.
name: Pisador, C.
name: Lähnemann, J.
name: Lazić, S.
name: Ruiz, A.
name: Redondo-Cubero, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse the morphological, structural and luminescence properties of self-assembled ZnO nanowires grown by chemical vapour transport on Si(001). The examination of nanowire ensembles by scanning electron microscopy reveals that a non-negligible fraction of nanowires merge together forming coalesced aggregates during growth. We show that the coalescence degree can be unambiguously quantified by a statistical analysis of the cross-sectional shape of the nanowires. The examination of the structural properties by X-ray diffraction evidences that the nanowires crystallize in the wurtzite phase, elongate along the c-axis, and are randomly oriented in plane. The luminescence of the ZnO nanowires, investigated by photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence spectroscopies, is characterized by two bands, the nearband-edge emission and the characteristic defect-related green luminescence of ZnO. The cross-correlation of scanning electron micrographs and monochromatic cathodoluminescence intensity maps reveals that: (i) coalescence joints act as a source of non-radiative recombination, and (ii) the luminescence of ZnO nanowires is inhomogeneously distributed at the single nanowire level. Specifically, the near-band-edge emission arises from the nanowire cores, while the defect-related green luminescence originates from the volume close to the nanowire sidewalls. Two-dimensional simulations of the optical guided modes supported by ZnO nanowires allow us to exclude waveguiding effects as the underlying reason for the luminescence inhomogeneities. We thus attribute this observation to the formation of a core-shell structure in which the shell is characterized by a high concentration of green-emitting radiative point defects with respect to the core.
Network Calculus with Flow Prolongation -- A Feedforward FIFO Analysis enabled by ML
Creators: name: Geyer, Fabien
name: Scheffler, Alexander
name: Bondorf, Steffen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The derivation of upper bounds on data flows' worst-case traversal times is an important task in many application areas. For accurate bounds, model simplifications should be avoided even in large networks. Network Calculus (NC) provides a modeling framework and different analyses for delay bounding. We investigate the analysis of feedforward networks where all queues implement First-In First-Out (FIFO) service. Correctly considering the effect of data flows onto each other under FIFO is already a challenging task. Yet, the fastest available NC FIFO analysis suffers from limitations resulting in unnecessarily loose bounds. A feature called Flow Prolongation (FP) has been shown to improve delay bound accuracy significantly. Unfortunately, FP needs to be executed within the NC FIFO analysis very often and each time it creates an exponentially growing set of alternative networks with prolongations. FP therefore does not scale and has been out of reach for the exhaustive analysis of large networks. We introduce DeepFP, an approach to make FP scale by predicting prolongations using machine learning. In our evaluation, we show that DeepFP can improve results in FIFO networks considerably. Compared to the standard NC FIFO analysis, DeepFP reduces delay bounds by 12.1% on average at negligible additional computational cost.
Significance of Artificial Intelligence Integrated Automated DevOps Pipelines in Modern Software Development
Creators: name: Rishitha Kokku
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in DevOps has transformed the way organizations design, produce, and secure software systems. While DevOps focuses on CICD and automation, AI facilitates an intelligent automation era of predictive analytics and decision-making in real-time. This Paper explores the importance of AI in DevOps and executing automated pipelines. While discussing the benefits of using AI capabilities in DevOps, it also talks about a few strategies to implement the same. This research explores the role of AI in the modernization of DevOps pipelines, whilst studying its importance in revolutionizing efficiency, correctness and security by addressing challenges encountered during its incorporation. The paper also underlines AI's capacity to address bottlenecks, improve resource efficiency and enable innovation in automated pipelines resulting in a more resilient and effective delivery lifecycle of software at scale.
Photochromism in a Hexagonal Boron Nitride Single Photon Emitter
Creators: name: Feldman, Matthew A.
name: Marvinney, Claire E.
name: Puretzky, Alexander A.
name: Lawrie, Benjamin J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Solid-state single-photon emitters (SPEs) such as the bright, stable, room-temperature defects within hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are of increasing interest for quantum information science applications. To date, the atomic and electronic origins of SPEs within hBN are not well understood, and no studies have reported photochromism or explored cross-correlations between hBN SPEs. Here, we combine irradiation-time dependent measures of quantum efficiency and microphotoluminescence ($μ$PL) spectroscopy with two-color Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry to enable an investigation of the electronic structure of hBN defects. We identify photochromism in a hBN SPE that exhibits cross-correlations and correlated quantum efficiencies between the emission of its two zero-phonon lines.
Optical skin: Sensor-integration-free multimodal flexible sensing
Creators: name: Shimadera, Sho
name: Kitagawa, Kei
name: Sagehashi, Koyo
name: Niiyama, Tomoaki
name: Sunada, Satoshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The biological skin enables animals to sense various stimuli. Extensive efforts have been made recently to develop smart skin-like sensors to extend the capabilities of biological skins; however, simultaneous sensing of several types of stimuli in a large area remains challenging because this requires large-scale sensor integration with numerous wire connections. We propose a simple, highly sensitive, and multimodal sensing approach, which does not require integrating multiple sensors. The proposed approach is based on an optical interference technique, which can encode the information of various stimuli as a spatial pattern. In contrast to the existing approach, the proposed approach, combined with a deep neural network, enables us to freely select the sensing mode according to our purpose. As a key example, we demonstrate simultaneous sensing mode of three different physical quantities, contact force, contact location, and temperature, using a single soft material without requiring complex integration. Another unique property of the proposed approach is spatially continuous sensing with ultrahigh resolution of few tens of micrometers, which enables identifying the shape of the object in contact. Furthermore, we present a haptic soft device for a human-machine interface. The proposed approach encourages the development of high-performance optical skins.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Additional file 1 of Judicial outcome and follow up of abused child protection acts in a pediatric emergency department: 12-year experience in a third level pediatric hospital
Creators: name: Poropat, Federico
name: Canuto, Arianna
name: Caddeo, Giulia
name: Predonzani, Erica
name: Novello, Laura
name: Zorzetto, Alessandra
name: Germani, Claudio
name: Barbi, Egidio
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Multidisciplinary protocol for the investigation of child abuse and neglect.
Search for Radions at LEP2
Creators: name: The OPAL Collaboration
name: Abbiendi, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new scalar resonance, called the radion, with couplings to fermions and bosons similar to those of the Higgs boson, is predicted in the framework of Randall-Sundrum models, proposed solutions to the hierarchy problem with one extra dimension. An important distinction between the radion and the Higgs boson is that the radion would couple directly to gluon pairs, and in particular its decay products would include a significant fraction of gluon jets. The radion had the same quantum numbers as the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson, and therefore they can mix, with the resulting mass eigenstates having properties different from those of the SM Higgs boson. Existing searches for the Higgs boson are sensitive to the possible production and decay of radions and Higgs bosons in these models. For the first time, searches for the SM Higgs boson and flavour-independent and decay-mode independent searches for a neutral Higgs boson are used in combination to explore the parameter space of the Randall-Sundrum model. In the dataset recorded by the OPAL experiment at LEP, no evidence for radion or Higgs particle production was observed in any of those searches. The results are used to set limits on the radion and Higgs boson masses.
description: 18 pages, 6 figures, Submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Probing short-range correlations in the deuteron via incoherent diffractive $J/ψ$ production with spectator tagging at the EIC
Creators: name: Tu, Zhoudunming
name: Jentsch, Alexander
name: Baker, Mark
name: Zheng, Liang
name: Lee, Jeong-Hun
name: Venugopalan, Raju
name: Hen, Or
name: Higinbotham, Douglas
name: Aschenauer, Elke-Caroline
name: Ullrich, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the role of Quantum Chromodynamics in generating nuclear forces is important for uncovering the mechanism of short-ranged nuclear interactions and their manifestation in short range correlations (SRC). The future Electron-Ion-Collider (EIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory in the US will provide an unprecedented opportunity to systematically investigate the underlying physics of SRC for energies and kinematic regions that are otherwise impossible to reach. We study SRCs in electron-deuteron scattering events using the Monte Carlo event generator BeAGLE. Specifically, we investigate the sensitivity of observables to high internal nucleon momentum in incoherent diffractive $J/ψ$ vector meson production. In a plane wave impulse approximation, the initial state deuteron wavefunction can be accessed directly from the four-momentum of the spectator nucleon. We use realistic physics simulations and far-forward detector simulations of the EIC to fully reveal the physics potential of this exclusive process. In particular, we provide the luminosity and detector requirements necessary to study SRCs in the deuteron at an EIC.
description: There are a total of 7 figures and 2 tables in the main text, together with an Appendix with supplemental material
Effect of expanding learning scope on the evolution of cooperation in scale-free networks
Creators: name: Inaba, Masaaki
name: Akiyama, Eizo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: We study how expanding the scope for selecting game and learning (adaptation) partners affects the evolution of cooperation in public goods games on scale-free networks. We show the following three results. (i) Expanding the scope for selecting game partners suppresses cooperation. (ii) Expanding the scope for selecting learning partners promotes cooperation when cooperation evolution is difficult. (iii) When cooperation is more likely to evolve, slightly expanding the scope for selecting learning partners causes a significant drop in the cooperation rate, but expanding the scope further causes the cooperation rate to recover. Although (i) is explained by the hub-centered mechanism, the well-known dynamic that promotes cooperation on scale-free networks, (ii) and (iii) are caused by a completely different mechanism that has heretofore been rarely mentioned.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures, with supplemental material
Saturation for the Butterfly Poset
Creators: name: Ivan, Maria-Romina
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Given a finite poset $\mathcal P$, we call a family $\mathcal F$ of subsets of $[n]$ $\mathcal P$-saturated if $\mathcal F$ does not contain an induced copy of $\mathcal P$, but adding any other set to $\mathcal F$ creates an induced copy of $\mathcal P$. The induced saturated number of $\mathcal P$, denoted by $\text{sat}^*(n,\mathcal P)$, is the size of the smallest $\mathcal P$-saturated family with ground set $[n]$. In this paper we are mainly interested in the four-point poset called the butterfly. Ferrara, Kay, Kramer, Martin, Reiniger, Smith and Sullivan showed that the saturation number for the butterfly lies between $\log_2{n}$ and $n^2$. We give a linear lower bound of $n+1$. We also prove some other results about the butterfly and the poset $\mathcal N$.
description: 13 pages
Pulmonary oedema following exercise in humans
Creators: name: Hodges, Alastair Neil Hugh
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In order to determine if transient pulmonary oedema occurs after strenuous exercise, 10 well trained male athletes were challenged in normoxic and hypoxic conditions. To determine the minimal tolerable F₁O₂ for hypoxia, ten aerobically trained male athletes (VC^max = 57.2 ± 7.95mL-kg⁻¹•min⁻¹) performed graded cycling work to maximal effort under four conditions of varying FT02 (21%, 18%, 15%, 12%). Mean VChmax was significantly reduced while breathing 15 and 12% oxygen (VC^max = 48.2 ± 7.9 and 31.5 ± 7.4 mL-kg⁻¹•min⁻¹ respectively). In the 12% oxygen condition, the majority of the subjects were not able to complete maximal exercise without SaO"2 falling below 70%. Ten highly trained males (V02max = 65.0 ± 7.5mL- kg⁻¹•min⁻¹) then underwent assessment of lung density by quantified magnetic resonance imaging prior to and 54.0 ± 17.2 and 100.7 ± 15.1 min following 60 min of cycling exercise (61.6 ± 9.5% VO₂max). The same subjects underwent an identical measure prior to and 55.6 ± 9.8 and 104.3 ± 9.1 min following 60 min cycling exercise (65.4 ± 7.1% hypoxic VChmax) in hypoxia (F₁O₂ = 15.0%). Two subjects demonstrated mild exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia (EIAH) (minSa0₂ = 94.5 & 93.8%), and 7 demonstrated moderate EIAH (minSa0₂ = 91.4 ± 1.1%) during a preliminary VC^max test in normoxia. No significant differences (p<0.05) were found in lung density following exercise in either condition. Mean lung densities, measured once pre- and twice post-exercise, were 0.177 ± 0.019, 0.181 ± 0.019 and 0.173 ± 0.019g•mL⁻¹ in the normoxic condition, and 0.178 ± 0.021, 0.174 ± 0.022 and 0.176 ± 0.019g•mL⁻¹ in hypoxic condition. These results indicate that transient interstitial pulmonary oedema does not occur following sustained steady-state cycling exercise in normoxia or hypoxia. This diminishes the likelihood of transient oedema as a mechanism for changes in SaO₂ during sustained exercise.
Local and Global Explanations of Agent Behavior: Integrating Strategy Summaries with Saliency Maps
Creators: name: Huber, Tobias
name: Weitz, Katharina
name: André, Elisabeth
name: Amir, Ofra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With advances in reinforcement learning (RL), agents are now being developed in high-stakes application domains such as healthcare and transportation. Explaining the behavior of these agents is challenging, as the environments in which they act have large state spaces, and their decision-making can be affected by delayed rewards, making it difficult to analyze their behavior. To address this problem, several approaches have been developed. Some approaches attempt to convey the $\textit{global}$ behavior of the agent, describing the actions it takes in different states. Other approaches devised $\textit{local}$ explanations which provide information regarding the agent's decision-making in a particular state. In this paper, we combine global and local explanation methods, and evaluate their joint and separate contributions, providing (to the best of our knowledge) the first user study of combined local and global explanations for RL agents. Specifically, we augment strategy summaries that extract important trajectories of states from simulations of the agent with saliency maps which show what information the agent attends to. Our results show that the choice of what states to include in the summary (global information) strongly affects people's understanding of agents: participants shown summaries that included important states significantly outperformed participants who were presented with agent behavior in a randomly set of chosen world-states. We find mixed results with respect to augmenting demonstrations with saliency maps (local information), as the addition of saliency maps did not significantly improve performance in most cases. However, we do find some evidence that saliency maps can help users better understand what information the agent relies on in its decision making, suggesting avenues for future work that can further improve explanations of RL agents.
An algebraic QFT approach to the Wetterich equation on Lorentzian manifolds
Creators: name: D'Angelo, Edoardo
name: Drago, Nicolò
name: Pinamonti, Nicola
name: Rejzner, Kasia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the scaling of the effective action for the interacting scalar quantum field theory on generic spacetimes with Lorentzian signature and in a generic state (including vacuum and thermal states, if they exist). This is done constructing a flow equation, which is very close to the renown Wetterich equation, by means of techniques recently developed in the realm of perturbative Algebraic Quantum Field theory (pAQFT). The key ingredient that allows one to obtain an equation which is meaningful on generic Lorentzian backgrounds is the use of a local regulator, which keeps the theory covariant. As a proof of concept, the developed methods are used to show that non-trivial fixed points arise in quantum field theories in a thermal state and in the case of quantum fields in the Bunch-Davies state on the de Sitter spacetime.
description: 58 pages
The X-ray spectrum of NGC 7213 and the Seyfert--LINER connection
Creators: name: Starling, R. L. C.
name: Page, M. J.
name: Branduardi-Raymont, G.
name: Breeveld, A. A.
name: Soria, R.
name: Wu, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an XMM-Newton observation of the Seyfert-LINER galaxy NGC 7213. The RGS soft X-ray spectrum is well fitted with a power law plus soft X-ray collisionally ionised thermal plasma (kT = 0.18 +0.03/-0.01 keV). We confirm the presence of Fe I, XXV and XXVI K-alpha emission in the EPIC spectrum and set tighter constraints on their equivalent widths of 82 +10/-13, 24 +9/-11 and 24 +10/-13 eV respectively. We compare the observed properties together with the inferred mass accretion rate of NGC 7213, to those of other Seyfert and LINER galaxies. We find that NGC 7213 has intermediate X-ray spectral properties lying between those of the weak AGN found in the LINER M81 and higher luminosity Seyfert galaxies. There appears to be a continuous sequence of X-ray properties from the Galactic Centre through LINER galaxies to Seyferts, likely determined by the amount of material available for accretion in the central regions.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for MNRAS
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Foot Gel for Cracks using Flax seeds
Creators: name: Kuljeet Kaur
name: Neeraj Kumar
name: Devid Rana
name: Dr Hina Chadha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Cracked heels, a common foot condition characterized by dry, thickened skin and painful fissures, are particularly prevalent in rural areas, especially in regions like India. Contributing factors include the lack of oil glands on the soles, improper footwear, poor hygiene, and prolonged exposure to harsh environmental conditions. This condition often leads to infections caused by bacteria and fungi, further aggravating discomfort and foot odor. The primary causes of cracked heels include aging, pressure, skin deficiencies, obesity, and neglect of proper foot care.To address this issue, a herbal foot crack gel was developed using flax seeds, aloe gel, and glycerine as active ingredients. The gel was formulated to moisturize, soothe, and promote healing of cracked heels. Three formulations were evaluated based on various parameters, such as pH, spreadability, stability, and microbial contamination, etc. The results indicated that all three formulations exhibited a pH range of 7-8 and were easily washable. Formulations F2 and F3 showed better spreadability and stability compared to F1, maintaining their quality for up to three months. No microbial growth was observed in any of the formulations.The herbal foot crack gel demonstrated effective soothing and healing properties, with stable performance over time. This formulation offers a promising alternative to synthetic treatments, providing a safe and natural solution for cracked heels, particularly in underserved rural populations.
Effects of a school-based physical activity model on cardiovascular disease risk factors in children
Creators: name: Reed, Katharine
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Background: The prevalence of CVD risk factors in children is high. Physical activity is linked with cardiovascular health but 50% of children are not considered active enough to maintain good health. Objectives: The primary objectives were to; i) evaluate the prevalence of established and novel CVD risk factors in elementary school children, and ii) assess the effect of a school-based physical activity model on selected GVD risk factors. Research design: A 16-month cluster-randomized controlled school-based intervention with the research questions addressed in 6 sub-studies. Sub-studies 1- 4 are cross sectional analyses of baseline data. Substudies 5 and 6 are results from 1-school year of the randomized controlled trial. Methods: Ten schools were randomized to intervention (INT) or control (CON) groups. Children (n=268, aged 9-11 years) from 8 schools took part in Healthy Hearts measurements. The trial aimed to provide children with 150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week. Anthropometry, physical activity, cardiovascular fitness, blood pressure, arterial compliance, heart rate variability and serum factors were assessed at baseline and final. Results: Study 1:1 developed a Healthy Heart Score to assess potential CVD risk. Girls had a more favourable Healthy Heart Score than boys. 47% of girls and 68% of boys had at least one CVD risk factor. Study 2: Fitness level of Canadian children at the 50t h percentile in 2004 was equivalent to the fitness of Canadian children at the 19th percentile in 1981. Study 3: A significant relationship exists between cardiovascular fitness and arterial compliance in boys and girls. Study 4: Racial differences in heart rate variability exist between Asian- and Caucasian-Canadian children. Sub-study 5: INT children had a 20% greater increase in fitness compared with CON children. Children deemed at higher risk for CVD showed large improvements in blood pressure and serum factors. Sub-study 6: INT boys demonstrated a 25% greater improvement in large artery compliance than CON boys. Conclusions: There was a relatively high prevalence of CVD risk factors in this cohort of children. Action Schools! BC offers promise as a simple, inexpensive strategy for enhancing cardiovascular health in similar children.
Additional file 2 of From campus to communities: evaluation of the first UK-based bystander programme for the prevention of domestic violence and abuse in general communities
Creators: name: Gainsbury, Alexa N.
name: Fenton, Rachel A.
name: Jones, Cassandra A.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Additional file 2. “Participant demographics and prior experience of domestic abuse provided at baseline”. The table provides details of participants’ demographics and self-reported experience of attending previous domestic abuse training or participating in domestic abuse campaigns.
New approach to Hermitian q-differential operators on R_q^N
Creators: name: Fiore, Gaetano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 81R50, 81R60, 46L87, 17B37, 58B32

description: We report on our recent breakthrough in the costructionfor q>0 of Hermitean and "tractable" differential operators out of the U_qso(N)-covariant differential calculus on the noncommutative manifolds R_q^N (the socalled "quantum Euclidean spaces").
description: Latex file, 11 pages
Inter-quintuple layer coupling and topological phase transitions in the chalcogenide topological insulators
Creators: name: Shirali, Karunya
name: Shelton, William A.
name: Vekhter, Ilya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Driving quantum phase transitions in the 3D topological insulators offers pathways to tuning the topological states and their properties. We use DFT-based calculations to systematically investigate topological phase transitions in Bi$_2$Se$_3$, Sb$_2$Se$_3$, Bi$_2$Te$_3$ and Sb$_2$Te$_3$ by varying the $c/a$ ratio of lattice constants. This ensures no net hydrostatic pressure under anisotropic stress and strain and allows a clear identification of the physics leading to the transition. As a function of $c/a$, all of these materials exhibit structural and electronic stability of the quintuple layers (QLs), and quasi-linear behavior of both the inter-quintuple layer distance and the energy gap near the topological transition. Our results show that the transition is predominantly controlled by the inter-QL physics, namely by competing Coulomb and van der Waals interactions between the outer atomic sheets in neighboring quintuple layers. We discuss the implications of our results for topological tuning by alloying.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Generalized form of fixed-point theorems in generalized Banach algebra relative to the weak topology with an application
Creators: name: Jeribi, Aref
name: Kaddachi, Najib
name: Laouar, Zahra
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46E15, 46E40, 47H10, 37C25, 47N20

description: In this paper, a general hybrid fixed point theorem for the contractive mappings in generalized Banach spaces is proved via measure of weak non-compactness and it is further applied to fractional integral equations for proving the existence results for the solutions under mixed Lipschitz and weakly sequentially continuous conditions. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the result.
Resonant transmission of light through finite chains of subwavelength holes
Creators: name: Bravo-Abad, J.
name: Garcia-Vidal, F. J.
name: Martin-Moreno, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we show that the extraordinary optical transmission phenomenon found before in 2D hole arrays is already present in a linear chain of subwavelength holes, which can be considered as the basic geometrical unit showing this property. In order to study this problem we have developed a new theoretical framework, able to analyze the optical properties of finite collections of subwavelength apertures and/or dimples (of any shape and placed in arbitrary positions) drilled in a metallic film.
description: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett