cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Outcomes for implementation science: an enhanced systematic review of instruments using evidence-based rating criteria
Creators: name: Kim, Mimi
name: Fischer, Sarah
name: Martinez, Ruben G
name: Lewis, Cara C
name: Weiner, Bryan
name: Stanick, Cameo
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2015

description: Abstract Background High-quality measurement is critical to advancing knowledge in any field. New fields, such as implementation science, are often beset with measurement gaps and poor quality instruments, a weakness that can be more easily addressed in light of systematic review findings. Although several reviews of quantitative instruments used in implementation science have been published, no studies have focused on instruments that measure implementation outcomes. Proctor and colleagues established a core set of implementation outcomes including: acceptability, adoption, appropriateness, cost, feasibility, fidelity, penetration, sustainability (Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res 36:24–34, 2009). The Society for Implementation Research Collaboration (SIRC) Instrument Review Project employed an enhanced systematic review methodology (Implement Sci 2: 2015) to identify quantitative instruments of implementation outcomes relevant to mental or behavioral health settings. Methods Full details of the enhanced systematic review methodology are available (Implement Sci 2: 2015). To increase the feasibility of the review, and consistent with the scope of SIRC, only instruments that were applicable to mental or behavioral health were included. The review, synthesis, and evaluation included the following: (1) a search protocol for the literature review of constructs; (2) the literature review of instruments using Web of Science and PsycINFO; and (3) data extraction and instrument quality ratings to inform knowledge synthesis. Our evidence-based assessment rating criteria quantified fundamental psychometric properties as well as a crude measure of usability. Two independent raters applied the evidence-based assessment rating criteria to each instrument to generate a quality profile. Results We identified 104 instruments across eight constructs, with nearly half (n = 50) assessing acceptability and 19 identified for adoption, with all other implementation outcomes revealing fewer than 10 instruments. Only one instrument demonstrated at least minimal evidence for psychometric strength on all six of the evidence-based assessment criteria. The majority of instruments had no information regarding responsiveness or predictive validity. Conclusions Implementation outcomes instrumentation is underdeveloped with respect to both the sheer number of available instruments and the psychometric quality of existing instruments. Until psychometric strength is established, the field will struggle to identify which implementation strategies work best, for which organizations, and under what conditions.
Emerging applications of link analysis for ranking
Creators: name: Chirita, Paul-Alexandru
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Information retrieval
subject: data mining
subject: world wide web
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::000 | Informatik, Wissen, Systeme::004 | Informatik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::000 | Allgemeines, Wissenschaft::020 | Bibliotheks- und Informationswissenschaft

description: [no abstract]
A new imputation method based on genetic programming and weighted KNN for symbolic regression with incomplete data
Creators: name: Al-Helali, Baligh
name: Chen, Qi
name: Xue, Bing
name: Zhang, Mengjie
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 10299 Applied Mathematics not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Incompleteness is one of the problematic data quality challenges in real-world machine learning tasks. A large number of studies have been conducted for addressing this challenge. However, most of the existing studies focus on the classification task and only a limited number of studies for symbolic regression with missing values exist. In this work, a new imputation method for symbolic regression with incomplete data is proposed. The method aims to improve both the effectiveness and efficiency of imputing missing values for symbolic regression. This method is based on genetic programming (GP) and weighted K-nearest neighbors (KNN). It constructs GP-based models using other available features to predict the missing values of incomplete features. The instances used for constructing such models are selected using weighted KNN. The experimental results on real-world data sets show that the proposed method outperforms a number of state-of-the-art methods with respect to the imputation accuracy, the symbolic regression performance, and the imputation time.
 This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00500-021-05590-y
takeuchiETAL_texts_figures_ESM.pdf from Prophages and plasmids can display opposite trends in the types of accessory genes they carry
Creators: name: Takeuchi, Nobuto
name: Hamada-Zhu, Sophia
name: Suzuki, Haruo
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 60408 Genomics

description: Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as phages and plasmids, often possess accessory genes encoding bacterial functions, facilitating bacterial evolution. Are there rules governing the arsenal of accessory genes MGEs carry? If such rules exist, they might be reflected in the types of accessory genes different MGEs carry. To test this hypothesis, we compare prophages and plasmids with respect to the frequencies at which they carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs) in the genomes of 21 pathogenic bacterial species using public databases. Our results indicate that prophages tend to carry VFGs more frequently than ARGs in three species, whereas plasmids tend to carry ARGs more frequently than VFGs in nine species, relative to genomic backgrounds. In Escherichia coli, where this prophage-plasmid disparity is detected, prophage-borne VFGs encode a much narrower range of functions than do plasmid-borne VFGs, typically involved in damaging host cells or modulating host immunity. In the species where the above disparity is not detected, ARGs and VFGs are barely found in prophages and plasmids. These results indicate that MGEs can differentiate in the types of accessory genes they carry depending on their infection strategies, suggesting a rule governing horizontal gene transfer mediated by MGEs.
Repeated freezing procedures preserve structural and functional properties of amniotic membrane for application in ophthalmology
Creators: name: Pogozhykh, Olena
name: Hofmann, Nicola
name: Gryshkov, Oleksandr
name: Von Kaisenberg, Constantin
name: Mueller, Marc
name: Glasmacher, Birgit
name: Pogozhykh, Denys
name: Börgel, Martin
name: Blasczyk, Rainer
name: Figueiredo, Constanca
Publisher: name: Basel : Molecular Diversity Preservation International (MDPI)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: AmnioClip-plus
subject: amniotic membrane
subject: cryomicroscopy
subject: cryopreservation
subject: growth factors
subject: ocular surface disorder
subject: ultrastructure
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie

description: For decades, the unique regenerative properties of the human amniotic membrane (hAM) have been successfully utilized in ophthalmology. As a directly applied biomaterial, the hAM should be available in a ready to use manner in clinical settings. However, an extended period of time is obligatory for performing quality and safety tests. Hence, the low temperature storage of the hAM is a virtually inevitable step in the chain from donor retrieval to patient application. At the same time, the impact of subzero temperatures carries an increased risk of irreversible alterations of the structure and composition of biological objects. In the present study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the hAM as a medicinal product; this is intended for a novel strategy of application in ophthalmology requiring a GMP production protocol including double freezing– thawing cycles. We compared clinically relevant parameters, such as levels of growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins content, morphology, ultrastructure and mechanical properties, before and after one and two freezing cycles. It was found that epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-ß1), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), hyaluronic acid, and laminin could be detected in all studied conditions without significant differences. Additionally, histological and ultrastructure analysis, as well as transparency and mechanical tests, demonstrated that properties of the hAM required to support therapeutic efficacy in ophthalmology are not impaired by dual freezing. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Cooling of motor spindles - a review
Creators: name: Denkena, Berend
name: Bergmann, Benjamin
name: Klemme, Heinrich
Publisher: name: London : Springer
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: cooling
subject: heat pipes
subject: manufacturing accuracy
subject: motor spindle
subject: spindle design
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::670 | Industrielle und handwerkliche Fertigung

description: Thermally induced loads in motor spindles can cause a number of undesired effects. As a result, the process capability of spindles, and thus, the productivity of a process can decrease. Future motor spindles will be exposed to higher mechanical and especially thermal loads due to trends aiming to increase power densities and maximum speeds. These trends are amplified by increasingly powerful drive concepts and developments in bearing technology. Therefore, researchers assume that it will not be possible to raise the performance potential of spindles due to insufficient cooling of its heat sources. A series of different cooling concepts have been researched and developed in recent decades. These developments have been made for different purposes. They also differ considerably in terms of their cooling principles and cooling performance. In this article, these cooling approaches and the motivations for their development are described. Firstly, the causes of heat development in motor spindles are described in a historical context. Subsequently, the effects of heat development on the manufacturing-relevant properties of motor spindles are revealed. Finally, current deficits in the area of spindle cooling and the need for the development and transfer into industrial practice of more efficient and cost-effective cooling concepts to overcome future challenges are discussed. © 2020, The Author(s).
Photospheric emission as the dominant radiation mechanism in long-duration gamma-ray bursts
Creators: name: Lazzati, D.
name: Morsony, B. J.
name: Margutti, R.
name: Begelman, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of a set of numerical simulations of long-duration gamma-ray burst jets associated with massive, compact stellar progenitors. The simulations extend to large radii and allow us to locate the region in which the peak frequency of the advected radiation is set before the radiation is released at the photosphere. Light curves and spectra are calculated for different viewing angles as well as different progenitor structures and jet properties. We find that the radiation released at the photosphere of matter-dominated jets is able to reproduce the observed Amati and energy-Lorentz factor correlations. Our simulations also predict a correlation between the burst energy and the radiative efficiency of the prompt phase, consistent with observations.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, submitted to ApJ
Die zwei Wege des Georges Lemaître zur Erforschung des Himmels
Creators: name: Hüfner, Jörg
name: Löhken, Rudolf
Publisher: name: Heidelberg University Publishing
Year: 2016

description: Der Belgier Georges Lemaître (1894 – 1966) war ein ungewöhnlicher Wissenschaftler, denn er wollte sich der Wahrheit auf zwei Wegen, auf dem der Naturwissenschaft und dem des Glaubens, nähern. Dazu studierte er zunächst Physik und bereitete sich anschließend auf das Priesteramt vor. Später lehrte er Physik und Mathematik an der katholischen Universität Leuven und wurde Mitglied der päpstlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. In der Physik beschäftigte sich Lemaître besonders mit der zeitlichen Entwicklung des Universums. Er war der Erste, der die Expansion des Universums entdeckte und auch der Erste, der die Vorstellung vom Urknall formulierte. Dabei trennte er sorgfältig die physikalische Vorstellung von einem Anfang des Universums von der theologischen Vorstellung einer Schöpfung aus dem Nichts, was zu einem Konflikt mit Papst Pius XII führte. Lemaître hat dazu beigetragen, dass die strikte Trennung von Theologie und Naturwissenschaft von der katholischen Kirche anerkannt wurde.
description: Heidelberger Jahrbücher Online, Bd. 1 (2016): Stabilität im Wandel
Empirical essays on stock return predictability using macroeconomic variables and technical indicators
Creators: name: Bätje, Fabian
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Equity risk premium
subject: forecasting
subject: technical indicators
subject: macroeconomic variables
subject: Marktrisikoprämien
subject: Prognose
subject: technische Analyse
subject: makroökonomische Variablen
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft

description: [no abstract]
Towards Accurate Subgraph Similarity Computation via Neural Graph Pruning
Creators: name: Liu, Linfeng
name: Han, Xu
name: Zhou, Dawei
name: Liu, Li-Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Subgraph similarity search, one of the core problems in graph search, concerns whether a target graph approximately contains a query graph. The problem is recently touched by neural methods. However, current neural methods do not consider pruning the target graph, though pruning is critically important in traditional calculations of subgraph similarities. One obstacle to applying pruning in neural methods is {the discrete property of pruning}. In this work, we convert graph pruning to a problem of node relabeling and then relax it to a differentiable problem. Based on this idea, we further design a novel neural network to approximate a type of subgraph distance: the subgraph edit distance (SED). {In particular, we construct the pruning component using a neural structure, and the entire model can be optimized end-to-end.} In the design of the model, we propose an attention mechanism to leverage the information about the query graph and guide the pruning of the target graph. Moreover, we develop a multi-head pruning strategy such that the model can better explore multiple ways of pruning the target graph. The proposed model establishes new state-of-the-art results across seven benchmark datasets. Extensive analysis of the model indicates that the proposed model can reasonably prune the target graph for SED computation. The implementation of our algorithm is released at our Github repo: https://github.com/tufts-ml/Prune4SED.
Six signed Petersen graphs, and their automorphisms
Creators: name: Zaslavsky, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C22 (Primary) 05C15, 05C25, 05C30 (Secondary)

description: Up to switching isomorphism there are six ways to put signs on the edges of the Petersen graph. We prove this by computing switching invariants, especially frustration indices and frustration numbers, switching automorphism groups, chromatic numbers, and numbers of proper 1-colorations, thereby illustrating some of the ideas and methods of signed graph theory. We also calculate automorphism groups and clusterability indices, which are not invariant under switching. In the process we develop new properties of signed graphs, especially of their switching automorphism groups.
description: 39 pp., 7 fig
Empirical research on exchange rate expectations : macro and micro perspectives
Creators: name: Rebitzky, Rafael R.
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Exchange rates
subject: expectations
subject: heterogeneity
subject: biasedness and rationality
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft

description: [no abstract]
Anomalous second magnetization peak in 12442-type RbCa$_2$Fe$_4$As$_4$F$_2$ superconductors
Creators: name: Yi, Xiaolei
name: Xing, Xiangzhuo
name: Meng, Yan
name: Zhou, Nan
name: Wang, Chunlei
name: Sun, Yue
name: Shi, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second magnetization peak (SMP) appears in most superconductors and is crucial for the understanding of vortex physics as well as the application. Although it is well known that the SMP is related to the type and quantity of disorder/defects, the mechanism has not been universally understood. In this work, we selected three stoichiometric superconducting RbCa$_2$Fe$_4$As$_4$F$_2$ single crystals with identical superconducting critical temperature $T_c$ $\sim$ 31 K and similar self-field critical current density $J_c$, but with different amounts of disorder/defects, to study the SMP effect. It is found that only the sample S2 with a moderate disorder/defects shows a significant SMP effect. The evolution of the normalized pinning force density $f_p$ demonstrates that the dominant pinning mechanism changes from weak pinning at low temperatures to strong pinning at high temperatures. The microstructure study for sample S2 reveals some expanded Ca$_2$F$_2$ layers and dislocation defects in RbFe$_2$As$_2$ layers. The normalized magnetic relaxation results indicate that the SMP is strongly associated with the elastic to plastic (E-P) vortex transition. As temperature increases, the SMP gradually evolves into a step-like shape and then becomes a sharp peak near the irreversibility field similar to what is usually observed in low-temperature superconductors. Our findings connect the low field SMP of high-temperature superconductors and the high field peak of low-temperature superconductors, revealing the possible universal origin related to the E-P phase transition.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Mass Composition Working Group Report at UHECR-2012
Creators: name: Barcikowski, E.
name: Bellido, J.
name: Belz, J.
name: Egorov, Y.
name: Knurenko, S.
name: de Souza, V.
name: Tameda, Y.
name: Tsunesada, Y.
name: Unger, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a summary of the measurements of mass sensitive parameters at the highest cosmic ray energies done by several experiments. The Xmax distribution as a function of energy has been measured with fluorescence telescopes by the HiRes, TA and Auger experiments and with Cherenkov light detectors by Yakutsk. The or the average mass () has been also inferred using ground detectors, such as muon and water Cherenkov detectors. We discuss the different data analyses elaborated by each collaboration in order to extract the relevant information. Special attention is given to the different approaches used in the analysis of the data measured by fluorescence detectors in order to take into account detector biases. We present a careful analysis of the stability and performance of each analysis. The results of the different experiments will be compared and the discrepancies or agreements will be quantified.
description: Working Group report given at UHECR 2012 Symposium, CERN, Feb. 2012. Published in EPJ Web of Conferences 53, 01006 (2013)
Amazônia. YOUTH AND ADULT EDUCATION IN THE RURAL AREA OF THE CITY OF ÓBIDOS / PA: FROM INSTITUTED LAW TO DENIED RIGHT
Creators: name: LIMA, S.M.S
name: AMARAL, Adrisson de Souza
name: NOGUEIRA, Josane Cristina Figueira
name: VIDAL, Maria Antônia Vidal
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Youth and Adults Education
Countryside
Right to education
Amazon

description: Youth and Adult Education (EJA), a teaching modality guaranteed by the National Education Guidelines and Bases Law No. 9394/96, has not received, throughout its trajectory, the necessary attention throughout the national territory, although some achievements have been guaranteed. The decrease in the supply of vacancies and the functioning of EJA in schools in the municipality of Obidos,especially in rural areas, is a matter of interest to the community and, therefore, needs to be questioned. After all, what is the scope of the legal regulations on Youth and Adult Education in these contexts? The main objective of the research was to give visibility to this reality, being carried out through data collection in bibliographic sources, such as books, articles and magazines, as well as in secondary sources, on IBGE websites, Inep, among others. The interpretative reading of the statistical data available in these sources also aimed to confront it with what the theorists who investigate the theme say, trying to understand it in the light of an emancipatory theory of education. To this end, it sought (I) to describe the evolution of youth and adult education based on legal documents such as the Federal Constitution of 1988, LDB and others; (II) To collect statistical data on EJA in order to point out the main obstacles that this type of teaching faces, considering the high illiteracy rates in the municipality of Óbidos and (III) Analyze the offer of places for the education of young people and adults in the period 2010 and 2018 and the prospects for this type of education in rural areas. The results of the research point out little promising scenarios for this educational follow-up in the Obidos municipality, especially in rural areas, with the denial of citizenship to country dweller and the consequent deepening of social problems. The study, therefore, makes it possible to awaken a look at the reality of the rural population, instigating the struggle for consistent public policies to qualify EJA throughout the national territory.
Salix cinerea Chaix
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: P. cinerea Chaix Cat. XLIV. Nach E. SCHMID in den Distr. 2: Tal der Marge, Sitten, Siders, bei Naters; 3: Riddes, Bramois, La Sage im Val d'Herens, Vercorin, Stalden (Vispertal); 4: Ulrichen. (Vgl. E. Schmid bei A. Becherer in Ber. Schweiz.Bot. Ges, Bd.4l, S.316 [1932] und Bd.54,S.380 [1944].)
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Psycap VII edición especial REDISUI
Creators: name: VARIOS AUTORES
name: VARIOS AUTORES
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Suicide
Iberoamérica
Red
Investigación

description: En la presente edición de la Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología Positiva compartimos con ustedes diversas experiencias investigativas relacionadas con el suicidio y el bienestar humano, las cuales han sido producto del arduo trabajo realizado por investigadores de diferentes países de Iberoamerica que forman parte de la Red Iberoamericana de Suicidología [REDISUI]. El objetivo de este número ha sido abordar la problemática del suicidio desde enfoques multidisciplinares para abrir la discusión sobre su comprensión que puede contribuir a la prevención e intervención desde una suicidología contextualizada con nuestras realidades regionales. Esperamos que los trabajos expuestos se constituyan en una contribución significativa para los profesionales de la salud y otras áreas, e investigadores interesados en esta temática.
Innovation contests to promote sexual health in china: a qualitative evaluation
Creators: name: Tang, Weiming
name: Huang, Shujie
name: Schaffer, David
name: Tucker, Joseph D
name: Tso, Lai S
name: Tang, Songyuan
name: Yang, Bin
name: Zhang, Wei
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2017

description: Abstract Background Innovation contests call on non-experts to help solve problems. While these contests have been used extensively in the private sector to increase engagement between organizations and clients, there is little data on the role of innovation contests to promote health campaigns. We implemented an innovation contest in China to increase sexual health awareness among youth and evaluated community engagement in the contest. Methods The sexual health image contest consisted of an open call for sexual health images, contest promotion activities, judging of entries, and celebrating contributions. Contest promotion activities included in-person and social media feedback, classroom didactics, and community-driven activities. We conducted 19 semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample to ensure a range of participant scores, experts and non-expert participants, submitters and non-submitters. Transcripts of each interview were coded with Atlas.ti and evaluated by three reviewers. Results We identified stages of community engagement in the contest which contributed to public health impact. Community engagement progressed across a continuum from passive, moderate, active, and finally strong engagement. Engagement was a dynamic process that appeared to have little relationship with formally submitting an image to the contest. Among non-expert participants, contest engagement increased knowledge, healthy attitudes, and empowered participants to share ideas about safe sex with others outside of the contest. Among experts who helped organize the contest, the process of implementing the contest fostered multi-sectoral collaboration and re-oriented public health leadership towards more patient-centered public health campaigns. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that innovation contests may be a useful tool for public health promotion by enhancing community engagement and re-orienting health campaigns to make them more patient-centered.
The first-principles study of thermodynamical properties of random magnetic overlayers on fcc-Cu(001) substrate
Creators: name: Mašín, Martin
name: Bergqvist, Lars
name: Kudrnovský, Josef
name: Kotrla, Miroslav
name: Drchal, Václav
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the theoretical study of thermodynamical properties of fcc-Cu(001) substrate covered by iron-cobalt monolayer as well as by incomplete iron layer. The effective two-dimensional Heisenberg Hamiltonian is constructed from first principles and properties of exchange interactions are investigated. The Curie temperatures are estimated using the Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations and compared with a simplified approach using the random-phase approximation (RPA) in connection with the virtual-crystal approach (VCA) to treat randomness in exchange integrals. Calculations indicate a weak maximum of the Curie temperature as a function of composition of the iron-cobalt overlayer. While a good quantitative agreement between RPA-VCA and MC was found for iron-cobalt monolayer, the RPA-VCA approach fails quantitatively for low coverage due to the magnetic percolation effect. We also present the study of the effect of alloy disorder on the shape of magnon spectra of random overlayers.
description: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Prevalence and associated factors of physical fighting among school-going adolescents in Namibia
Creators: name: Kazembe, Lawrence N
name: Siziya, Seter
name: Muula, Adamson S
name: Rudatsikira, Emmanuel
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2007

description: Abstract Background Interpersonal physical violence is an important global public health concern that has received limited attention in the developing world. There is in particular a paucity of data regarding physical violence and its socio-demographic correlates among in-school adolescents in Namibia. Methods We analysed cross-sectional data from the Namibia Global School-Based Health Survey (GSHS) conducted in 2004. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of physical fighting within the last 12 months. We obtained frequencies of socio-demographic attributes. We also assessed the association between self-reported history of having engaging in a physical fight and a selected list of independent variables using logistic regression analysis. Results Of the 6283 respondents, 50.6% (55.2% males and 46.2% females) reported having been in a physical fight in the past 12 months. Males were more likely to have been in a physical fight than females (OR = 1.71, 95% CI (1.44, 2.05)). Smoking, drinking alcohol, using drugs and bullying victimization were positively associated with fighting (OR = 1.91, 95% CI (1.49, 2.45); OR = 1.48, 95% CI (1.21, 1.81); OR = 1.55, 95% CI (1.22, 1.81); and OR = 3.12, 95% CI (2.62, 3.72), respectively). Parental supervision was negatively associated with physical fighting (OR = 0.82, 95% CI (0.69, 0.98)). Both male and female substance users (cigarette smoking, alcohol and drug use) were more likely to engage in physical fighting than non-substance users (OR = 3.53, 95% CI (2.60, 4.81) for males and OR = 11.01, 95% CI (7.25, 16.73) for females). Parental supervision was negatively associated with physical fighting (OR = 0.85, 95% CI (0.72, 0.99)). Conclusion Prevalence of physical fighting within the last 12 months was comparable to estimates obtained in European countries. We also found clustering of problem behaviours or experiences among adolescents who reported having engaged in physical violence in the past 12 months. There is a need to bring adolescent violent behaviour to the fore of the public health agenda in Namibia.
Parallel FDTD modelling of nonlocality in plasmonics
Creators: name: Baxter, Joshua
name: Lesina, Antonio Calà
name: Ramunno, Lora
Publisher: name: New York, NY : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: FDTD
subject: GNOR
subject: hydrodynamic plasma model
subject: nonlocality
subject: parallel computing
subject: plasmonics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau

description: As nanofabrication techniques become more precise, with ever smaller feature sizes, the ability to model nonlocal effects in plasmonics becomes increasingly important. While nonlocal models based on hydrodynamics have been implemented using various computational electromagnetics techniques, the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) version has remained elusive. Here we present a comprehensive FDTD implementation of nonlocal hydrodynamics, including for parallel computing. As a sub-nanometer step size is required to resolve nonlocal effects, a parallel implementation makes the computational cost of nonlocal FDTD more affordable. We first validate our algorithms for small spherical metallic particles, and find that nonlocality smears out staircasing artifacts at metal surfaces, increasing the accuracy over local models. We find this also for a larger nanostructure with sharp extrusions. The large size of this simulation, where nonlocal effects are clearly present, highlights the importance and impact of a parallel implementation in FDTD. CCBY
Entropy-driven aggregation in multilamellar membranes
Creators: name: Noguchi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Membrane-fluctuation-induced attraction between ligand--receptor sites binding neighboring membranes is studied using meshless membrane simulations and the Weil--Farago two-dimensional lattice model. For the adhesion sites binding two membranes, this entropic interaction is too weak by itself for the adhesion sites to form a large stable domain. However, it is found that this attraction is enhanced sufficiently to induce large domains either when the sites bind three or more neighboring membranes together or have anchors that harden surrounding membranes. The latter effect is understood by the Asakura--Oosawa type of effective potential in the depletion theory.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures
title: "Warum also in die Raumfahrt investieren, wenn man nicht mal auf dem eigenen Planeten klar kommt?"
Creators: name: Stein, Eva Kristin
name: Braungart, Michael
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Ein Interview mit Michael Braungart.
Das Interview führte Eva Kristin Stein am 9. Mai 2009.
Analysis of the Instability Growth Rate During the Jet - Background Interaction in the Magnetic Field
Creators: name: Horky, Miroslav
name: Kulhanek, Petr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The two-stream instability is a common instability, responsible for many observed phenomena in nature, especially the interaction of jets of various origin with the background plasma (e.g. extragalactic jet interacting with the cosmic background). The dispersion relation not considering magnetic field is described by the well-known Buneman relation. In 2011, Bohata, Bren, and Kulhanek derived the relation for the two-stream instability without the cold limit, with the general orientation of magnetic field, and arbitrary stream directions. The maximum value of the imaginary part of the individual dispersion branches is of interest from the physical point of view. It represents the instability growth rate which is responsible for the turbulence mode onset and subsequent reconnection on the ion radius scale accompanied by a strong plasma thermalization. The paper presented here is focused on the non-relativistic instability growth rate and its dependence on various input parameters, such as magnitude and direction of magnetic field, sound velocity, plasma frequency of the jet and direction of the wave vector during the jet - background interaction. The results are presented in well-arranged plots and can be used for determination of the plasma parameter values close to which the strong energy transfer and thermalization between the jet and the background plasma occur.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Contact Interactions Probe Effective Dark Matter Models at the LHC
Creators: name: Dreiner, Herbi
name: Schmeier, Daniel
name: Tattersall, Jamie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Effective field theories provide a simple framework for probing possible dark matter (DM) models by reparametrising full interactions into a reduced number of operators with smaller dimensionality in parameter space. In many cases these models have four particle vertices, e.g. qqXX, leading to the pair production of dark matter particles, X, at a hadron collider from initial state quarks, q. In this analysis we show that for many fundamental DM models with s-channel DM couplings to qq-pairs, these effective vertices must also produce quark contact interactions (CI) of the form qqqq. The respective effective couplings are related by the common underlying theory which allows one to translate the upper limits from one coupling to the other. We show that at the LHC, the experimental limits on quark contact interactions give stronger translated limits on the DM coupling than the experimental searches for dark matter pair production.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Review of the state of the art in autonomous artificial intelligence
Creators: name: Radanliev, Petar
name: De Roure, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This article presents a new design for autonomous artificial intelligence (AI), based on the state-of-the-art algorithms, and describes a new autonomous AI system called AutoAI. The methodology is used to assemble the design founded on self-improved algorithms that use new and emerging sources of data (NEFD). The objective of the article is to conceptualise the design of a novel AutoAI algorithm. The conceptual approach is used to advance into building new and improved algorithms. The article integrates and consolidates the findings from existing literature and advances the AutoAI design into (1) using new and emerging sources of data for teaching and training AI algorithms and (2) enabling AI algorithms to use automated tools for training new and improved algorithms. This approach is going beyond the state-of-the-art in AI algorithms and suggests a design that enables autonomous algorithms to self-optimise and self-adapt, and on a higher level, be capable to self-procreate.
description: AI Ethics (2022)
End expiratory oxygen concentrations to predict central venous oxygen saturation: an observational pilot study
Creators: name: Kuehne, Karl
name: Steuerwald, Michael
name: Jones, Alan E
name: Kline, Jeffrey A
Publisher: name: BioMed Central Ltd
Year: 2006

description: Abstract Background A non-invasive surrogate measurement for central venous oxygen saturation (ScVO2) would be useful in the ED for assessing therapeutic interventions in critically ill patients. We hypothesized that either linear or nonlinear mathematical manipulation of the partial pressure of oxygen in breath at end expiration (EtO2) would accurately predict ScVO2. Methods Prospective observational study of a convenience sample of hemodialysis patients age > 17 years with existing upper extremity central venous catheters were enrolled. Using a portable respiratory device, we collected both tidal breathing and end expiratory oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, volume and flow on each patient. Simultaneous ScVO2 measurements were obtained via blood samples collected from the hemodialysis catheter. Two models were used to predict ScVO2: 1) Best-fit multivariate linear regression equation incorporating all respiratory variables; 2) MathCAD to model the decay curve of EtO2 versus expiratory volume using the least squares method to estimate the pO2 that would occur at <20% of total lung capacity. Results From 21 patients, the correlation between EtO2 and measured ScVO2 yielded R2 = 0.11. The best fit multivariate equation included EtCO2 and EtO2 and when solved for ScVO2, the equation yielded a mean absolute difference from the measured ScVO2 of 8 ± 6% (range -18 to +17%). The predicted ScVO2 value was within 10% of the actual value for 57% of the patients. Modeling of the EtO2 curve did not accurately predict ScVO2 at any lung volume. Conclusion We found no significant correlation between EtO2 and ScVO2. A linear equation incorporating EtCO2 and EtO2 had at best modest predictive accuracy for ScVO2.
Destructive Creation, Creative Destruction, and the Paradox of Innovation Science
Creators: name: Cao, Likun
name: Chen, Ziwen
name: Evans, James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Innovation or the creation and diffusion of new material, social and cultural things in society has been widely studied in sociology and across the social sciences, with investigations sufficiently diverse and dispersed to make them unnavigable. This complexity results from innovation's importance for society, but also the fundamental paradox underlying innovation science: When innovation becomes predictable, it ceases to be an engine of novelty and change. Here we review innovation studies and show that innovations emerge from contexts of discord and disorder, breaches in the structure of prior success, through a process we term destructive creation. This often leads to a complementary process of creative destruction whereby local structures protect and channel the diffusion of successful innovations, rendering alternatives obsolete. We find that social scientists naturally focus far more on how social and cultural contexts influence material innovations than the converse. We highlight computational tools that open new possibilities for the analysis of novel content and context in interaction, and show how this brings us empirically toward the broader range of possibilities that complex systems and science studies have theorized-and science fiction has imagined-the social, cultural and material structures of innovation conditioning each other's change through cycles of disruption and development.
Significant enhancement of critical current density in H+-intercalated FeSe single crystal
Creators: name: Meng, Yan
name: Wei, Wei
name: Xing, Xiangzhuo
name: Yi, Xiaolei
name: Zhou, Nan
name: Zhang, Yufeng
name: Liu, Wenhui
name: Sun, Yue
name: Shi, Zhixiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconducting transition temperature (Tc) and critical current density (Jc) are two key factors that are not only crucial for probing high-temperature superconducting mechanisms, but also for practical applications. The simple crystal structure of FeSe is very favorable for the fabrication of thin films and wires, but its application is limited by the relatively low Tc and small Jc. A previous study has found that the Tc of FeSe can be significantly enhanced over 40 K by using the protonation method. Here, we present a systematic study of Jc and vortex properties of H+-intercalated FeSe (Hx-FeSe) single crystals. The value of Jc for Hx-FeSe single crystal is significantly enhanced, exceeding 1.3*10^6 A/cm2 at 4 K, which is more than two orders of magnitude larger than 1.1*10^4 A/cm2 of pristine FeSe. The vortex pinning mechanism of Hx-FeSe is found to be surface pinning, which is different from the dominant strong point-like pinning in pristine FeSe. Moreover, the systematic study of the vortex phase transition and the underlying mechanism provides a wealth of information for the vortex phase diagram of Hx-FeSe single crystal. Our results confirm that the introduction of H+ intercalations into FeSe not only enhances the Tc, but also significantly increases the value of Jc, which is favorable for practical applications.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures
Finite volume corrections to LECs in Wilson and staggered ChPT
Creators: name: Akemann, Gernot
name: Pucci, Fabrizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the simultaneous effect of finite volume and finite lattice spacing corrections in the framework of chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) in the epsilon regime, for both the Wilson and staggered formulations. In particular the finite volume corrections to the low energy constants (LECs) in Wilson and staggered ChPT are computed to next-to-leading order (NLO) in the ε-expansion. For Wilson with N_f = 2 flavours and staggered with generic N_f the partition function at NLO can be rewritten as the LO partition function with renormalized effective LECs.
description: 7 pages, Proceedings of 30th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, June 24-29, 2012, Cairns, Australia
Quantum Walks: Schur Functions Meet Symmetry Protected Topological Phases
Creators: name: Cedzich, C.
name: Geib, T.
name: Grünbaum, F.A.
name: Velázquez, L.
name: Werner, A.H.
name: Werner, R.F.
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Orthogonal Polynomials
subject: Power-Series
subject: Classification
subject: Insulators
subject: Recurrence
subject: Unitary
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::510 | Mathematik

description: This paper uncovers and exploits a link between a central object in harmonic analysis, the so-called Schur functions, and the very hot topic of symmetry protected topological phases of quantum matter. This connection is found in the setting of quantum walks, i.e. quantum analogs of classical random walks. We prove that topological indices classifying symmetry protected topological phases of quantum walks are encoded by matrix Schur functions built out of the walk. This main result of the paper reduces the calculation of these topological indices to a linear algebra problem: calculating symmetry indices of finite-dimensional unitaries obtained by evaluating such matrix Schur functions at the symmetry protected points ± 1. The Schur representation fully covers the complete set of symmetry indices for 1D quantum walks with a group of symmetries realizing any of the symmetry types of the tenfold way. The main advantage of the Schur approach is its validity in the absence of translation invariance, which allows us to go beyond standard Fourier methods, leading to the complete classification of non-translation invariant phases for typical examples. © 2021, The Author(s).
Campaign Women Carter, Bella Abzug v. Clark
Creators: name: (:Unav)
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Campaign debates
Political campaigns

description: Side A: 002 Wild Sound; 009 R. Clark; 018 Women with Carter InC, Bella Abzug 7/12; 214 Back to Debate with Clark and Bella Abzug, Chuck S. Moderator Poor quality. Side B: 002 Bella Debates Clark, Which side is the beginning we don't know. The label was not