cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Jacques Leibowitch, Dominique Mathez, "Combinaisons triples d'analogues de nucléosides pour le traitement de l'infection HIV-1 chez l'homme" ou "Combinaisons de trois analogues de nucléosides pour le traitement de l'infection HIV-1 chez l'homme"
Creators: name: Mathez, Dominique
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2020

description: Déclaration d’invention par le Docteur Jacques Leibowitch, MCU-PH, et le Docteur Dominique Mathez, PH, Unité d’immuno-virologie, Laboratoire d’hématologie-immunologie de l’hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches. 2 versions.
description: Source: http://www.calames.abes.fr/pub/ms/Calames-2019311113333782
description: created: start=1975;end=2018
Complexity approach to the dynamics of financial systems
Creators: name: Broga, Kristijonas Martynas
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: In order to understand complex systems, quite often a very diverse set of tools is required. In this thesis a combined approach of an agent-based modelling and linguistic textual analysis has been taken in order to try and gain a better insight into the connection between crises that happen in our economy and the words that people use as an indication of their economic behaviour The model used for this work has a crucial evolutionary adaptation mechanism inbuilt which enables the characteristics of banks and investors to change with time. It was chosen because it reproduces the endogenous crashes in the banking sector which are purely driven by the changes that occur among banks and investors which are adapting and readjusting their behaviour as a function of comparing their performance and strategy relative to others. Firstly, using this modelling framework, we investigate the effect of the distinct levels of interest rates on the stability of the financial network. We demonstrate that under sustained high interest rates banking failures are likely to emerge early, whereas under sustained low rates they happen significantly later and with higher probability. Under low rates lack of liquidity becomes the primary reason for failures and high rates lead predominantly to bankruptcies due to credit losses. We show that by applying interest rate shocks it is possible to change the timing of crises, but it is impossible to prevent them completely. This follows from the fact that banking strategies are continuously converging, making the system less diverse and thus less resilient. Building on this observation of the convergence of bank business strategies, we used a bag-of-words method to analyse annual reports. We show that companies within the same industrial sector are becoming progressively similar, especially since the 2008 crisis crisis, which reinforces the hypothesis that with time, business strategies are converging. Finally we show that it is possible to find a direct connection between word counts and stock prices. We thus create a basic filtering procedure to identify the minimal set of words that could potentially be used to characterise different sectors.
Dalibarda repens Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Jarvis, Charlie
Publisher: name: Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum
Year: 2007
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Rosaceae
Dalibarda
Dalibarda repens

description: Rubus dalibarda Linnaeus, Species Plantarum, ed. 2, 1: 708. 1762, nom. illeg.
["Habitat in Canada. Kalm."] Sp. Pl. 1: 491 (1753). RCN: 3768.
Replaced synonym: Dalibarda repens L. (1753).
Lectotype (Reveal in Jarvis & al., Regnum Veg. 127: 41. 1993): Kalm, Herb. Linn. No. 653.24 (LINN).
Current name: Dalibarda repens L. (Rosaceae).
Note: An illegitimate replacement name for Dalibarda repens L. (1753).
description: Published as part of Jarvis, Charlie, 2007, Chapter 7: Linnaean Plant Names and their Types (part R), pp. 785-805 in Order out of Chaos. Linnaean Plant Types and their Types, London :Linnaean Society of London in association with the Natural History Museum on page 801, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.291971
Assessing corporate sustainability - technological innovation for mitigation of environmental externalities
Creators: name: Tadayyon Tahmasebi, Babak
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This research mainly focuses on how sustainability technologies can help corporations to reduce their environmental impacts. It then presents a critical assessment of some of the most well-known economic, social and environmental indicators and offers a set of solutions to make such indicators more comprehensive and practical. Two case studies on the effects of water treatment technologies in the mining sector, in particular the Chilean mining industry, is presented in this research to assess their efficacy in reducing water contamination and other environmental externalities. All the evaluations are done based on existing environmental assessment tools, however some of the models have been modified so that they become adequate for the purpose of this research. This research analysed and compared the sustainability performance of three deionisation technologies used by a global company within the water sector. The three pillars of sustainability were used to assess their performance. It was concluded the SDI technology was suitable for relatively small applications, while the combined SDI and RO system was the most appropriate tool for medium applications; and finally, the DI plant was the best for applications of a larger scale. The study also identified the need to for an integrated framework for assessment of product sustainability. The project also looked into the sustainability of the Chilean mining sector and the potential of entry for Veolia into the market to promote sustainable technologies, to improve the efficiency of the mining sector while alleviating the pressure exerted on water resources by the mining operations.
Improving the state selectivity of field ionization with quantum control
Creators: name: Gregoric, Vincent C.
name: Bennett, Jason J.
name: Gualtieri, Bianca R.
name: Kannad, Ankitha
name: Liu, Zhimin Cheryl
name: Rowley, Zoe A.
name: Carroll, Thomas J.
name: Noel, Michael W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The electron signals from the field ionization of two closely-spaced Rydberg states of \mbox{rubidium-85} are separated using quantum control. In selective field ionization, the state distribution of a collection of Rydberg atoms is measured by ionizing the atoms with a ramped electric field. Generally, atoms in higher energy states ionize at lower fields, so ionized electrons which are detected earlier in time can be correlated with higher energy Rydberg states. However, the resolution of this technique is limited by the Stark effect. As the electric field is increased, the electron encounters numerous avoided Stark level crossings which split the amplitude among many states, thus broadening the time-resolved ionization signal. Previously, a genetic algorithm has been used to control the signal shape of a single Rydberg state. The present work extends this technique to separate the signals from the $34s$ and $33p$ states of rubidium-85, which are overlapped when using a simple field ramp as in selective field ionization.
The Statistics of Microlensing Light Curves: I. Amplification Probability Distributions
Creators: name: Lewis, G. F.
name: Irwin, M. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The passage of stars through the beam of a lensed quasar can induce violent fluctuations in its apparent brightness. The fluctuations observed in the Huchra lens, (2237+0305), are taken to be the first evidence of this ``microlensing'' occurring in lensing systems. Subsequent microlensing events observed in this system and in other gravitational lenses illustrate that microlensing should be a common phenomenon in lensed quasars. The statistical properties of the component light curves will be defined to a large extent by the mass distribution of the microlensing objects and the internal light distribution of the lensed quasar. We present statistics of a large sample of hypothetical microlensing light curves, for a number of lensing situations, generated using an efficient numerical technique. These artificial light curves show that the amplification probability distributions are independent of the mass function of the compact lensing objects. The amplification probability distributions for the Huchra lens system are presented.
description: uuencoded compressed postscript. The preprint are also available at URL http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.html
Additional File 1:
Creators: name: OâDowd, Emily
name: OâConnor, Paul
name: SinĂŠad Lydon
name: Mongan, Orla
name: Connolly, Fergal
name: Diskin, Catherine
name: McLoughlin, Aoibheann
name: Rabbitt, Louise
name: McVicker, Lyle
name: Reid-McDermott, Bronwyn
name: Byrne, Dara
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Interview Schedule. This file includes the interview schedule used by the researchers when conductin the 68 interviews in the current study. (PDF 188 kb)
Radio Emission and Particle Acceleration in SN 1993J
Creators: name: Fransson, Claes
name: Björnsson, Claes-Ingvar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The radio light curves of SN 1993J are found to be well fit by a synchrotron spectrum, suppressed by external free-free absorption and synchrotron self-absorption. A standard r^-2 circumstellar medium is assumed, and found to be adequate. The magnetic field and number density of relativistic electrons behind the shock are determined. The strength of the magnetic field argues strongly for turbulent amplification behind the shock. The ratio of the magnetic and thermal energy density behind the shock is ~0.14. Synchrotron and Coulomb cooling dominate the losses of the electrons. The injected electron spectrum has a power law index -2.1, consistent with diffusive shock acceleration, and the number density scales with the thermal electron energy density. The total energy density of the relativistic electrons is, if extrapolated to gamma ~ 1, ~ 5x10^-4 of the thermal energy density. The free-free absorption required is consistent with previous calculations of the circumstellar temperature of SN 1993J, T_e ~ (2-10)x10^5 K. The relative importance of free-free absorption, Razin suppression, and the synchrotron self-absorption effect for other supernovae are briefly discussed. Guidelines for the modeling and interpretation of VLBI observations are given.
description: accepted for Ap. J
title: Οικονομικά μαθηματικά
Creators: name: Monovasilis, Theodoros
name: Kalogiratou, Zacharoula
Publisher: name: Kallipos, Open Academic Editions
Year: 2016
Subjects: ΑΠΛΟΣ ΤΟΚΟΣ - ΠΡΟΕΞΟΦΛΗΣΗ ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΩΝ - ΙΣΟΔΥΝΑΜΙΑ ΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΙΩΝ - ΑΝΑΤΟΚΙΣΜΟΣ - ΡΑΝΤΕΣ - ΔΑΝΕΙΑ
Time Value Of Money And Interest Rates (Nominal)
Real) Compound Interest And Future Value Off Payment Discounting And Present Value Off Payment Depreciation Loans

description: Στο βιβλίο των οικονομικών μαθηματικών θα περιγράφονται οι τεχνικές επίλυσης προβλημάτων βραχυπρόθεσμων και μακροπρόθεσμων οικονομικών πράξεων και οι εφαρμογές τους στις χρηματο-οικονομικές συναλλαγές. Ξεκινώντας από την θεωρία της απλής κεφαλαιοποίησης στην συνέχεια θα δίνονται εφαρμογές και υποδείγματα που χρησιμοποιούνται για να αποτιμηθεί η αξία του χρήματος μέσα στο χρόνο. Κατόπιν θα γίνει εκτενής αναφορά στην προεξόφληση των συναλλαγματικών (εξωτερικής και εσωτερικής) καθώς και στην οικονομική ισοδυναμία συναλλαγματικών μέσα από τα υποδείγματα της παρούσας και μελλοντικής αξίας. Στη συνέχεια θα παρουσιαστεί η θεωρία της σύνθετης κεφαλαιοποίησης, της ισοδυναμίας επιτοκίων καθώς και της γραμμικής και εκθετικής συνθήκης αποτίμησης τελικής αξίας κεφαλαίου. Κατόπιν θα δοθεί η θεωρία της παρούσας και μελλοντικής αξίας σε σειρές κεφαλαίων (ράντες) και τέλος μια μελέτη των δανείων. Σε όλα τα κεφάλαια θα υπάρχουν σειρά από λυμένα παραδείγματα όλων των κατηγοριών, λυμένες ασκήσεις αλλά και άλυτες ασκήσεις με τα αποτελέσματα των λύσεων τους.
Splitting of the Alfven surface in a relativistic pulsar wind
Creators: name: Ardavan, H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent paper, Li and Melrose have claimed that the splitting - due to relativistic effects - of the Alfven surface in an axisymmetric pulsar wind does not occur. Here we refute this claim by showing that, unless the solution that describes the flow along each open magnetic field line passes through the pure Alfvenic point (which is one of the manifestations of the splitting of the Alfvenic point), it would not be physically viable both at the surface of the star and at infinity.
description: uuencoded compressed postscript. The preprint are also available at URL http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/preprint/PrePrint.html
Online Timing Slack Measurement and its Application in Field-Programmable Gate Arrays
Creators: name: Levine, Joshua M.
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: Reliability, power consumption and timing performance are key concerns for today's integrated circuits. Measurement techniques capable of quantifying the timing characteristics of a circuit, while it is operating, facilitate a range of benefits. Delay variation due to environmental and operational conditions, and degradation can be monitored by tracking changes in timing performance. Using the measurements in a closed-loop to control power supply voltage or clock frequency allows for the reduction of timing safety margins, leading to improvements in power consumption or throughput performance through the exploitation of better-than worst-case operation. This thesis describes a novel online timing slack measurement method which can directly measure the timing performance of a circuit, accurately and with minimal overhead. Enhancements allow for the improvement of absolute accuracy and resolution. A compilation flow is reported that can automatically instrument arbitrary circuits on FPGAs with the measurement circuitry. On its own this measurement method is able to track the "health" of an integrated circuit, from commissioning through its lifetime, warning of impending failure or instigating pre-emptive degradation mitigation techniques. The use of the measurement method in a closed-loop dynamic voltage and frequency scaling scheme has been demonstrated, achieving significant improvements in power consumption and throughput performance.
Bulk entanglement entropy in perturbative excited states
Creators: name: Belin, Alexandre
name: Iqbal, Nabil
name: Lokhande, Sagar F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compute the bulk entanglement entropy across the Ryu-Takayanagi surface for a one-particle state in a scalar field theory in AdS$_3$. We work directly within the bulk Hilbert space and include the spatial spread of the scalar wavefunction. We give closed form expressions in the limit of small interval sizes and compare the result to a CFT computation of entanglement entropy in an excited primary state at large $c$. Including the contribution from the backreacted minimal area, we find agreement between the CFT result and the FLM and JLMS formulas for quantum corrections to holographic entanglement entropy. This provides a non-trivial check in a state where the answer is not dictated by symmetry. Along the way, we provide closed-form expressions for the scalar field Bogoliubov coefficients that relate the global and Rindler slicings of AdS$_3$.
description: 35 pages, 5 figures; v2 references added; v3: Typos corrected, as requested by a SciPost Physics referee. The referee report can be found at https://scipost.org/submission/1805.08782v2/
Low-Mass X-Ray Binaries, Millisecond Radio Pulsars, and the Cosmic Star Formation Rate
Creators: name: White, Nicholas E.
name: Ghosh, Pranab
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the implications of the peak in the cosmic star-formation rate (SFR) at redshift z ~ 1.5 for the resulting population of low-mass X-ray binaries(LMXB) and for that of their descendants, the millisecond radio pulsars (MRP). Since the evolutionary timescales of LMXBs, their progenitors, and their descendants are thought be significant fractions of the time-interval between the SFR peak and the present epoch, there is a lag in the turn-on of the LMXB population, with the peak activity occurring at z ~ 0.5 - 1.0. The peak in the MRP population is delayed further, occurring at z < 0.5. We show that the discrepancy between the birthrate of LMXBs and MRPs, found under the assumption of a stead-state SFR, can be resolved for the population as a whole when the effects of a time-variable SFR are included. A discrepancy may persist for LMXBs with short orbital periods, although a detailed population synthesis will be required to confirm this. Further, since the integrated X-ray luminosity distribution of normal galaxies is dominated by X-ray binaries, it should show strong luminosity evolution with redshift. In addition to an enhancement near the peak (z ~ 1.5) of the SFR due to the prompt turn-on of the relatively short-lived massive X-ray binaries and young supernova remnants, we predict a second enhancement by a factor ~10 at a redshift between ~ 0.5 and ~ 1 due to the delayed turn-on of the LMXB population. Deep X-ray observations of galaxies out to z ~ 1 by AXAF will be able to observe this enhancement, and, by determining its shape as a function of redshift, will provide an important new method for constraining evolutionary models of X-ray binaries.
description: 13 pages, including 1 figure. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Reminiscences of William Saxby Hedges : 1951
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Executives
Radio broadcasting
Radio--Law and legislation
Radio supplies industry

description: Early experiences in radio; formation of National Association of Broadcasters, code of decency, 1928; channel allocations; National Broadcasting Company from 1930s; relations of network companies and affiliates, planning and development, soap operas, television; President, National Broadcasting Company Integrated Services Department
Shock-Induced Separation of Transitional Hypersonic Boundary Layers
Creators: name: Vanstone, Leon
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: This thesis presents a joint experimental/CFD investigation of shock-induced boundary layer separations in hypersonic transitional boundary layers with an emphasis on collapse and re-establishment times of the separation bubble. This study also provides high fidelity measurements and excellent characterisation of the flow field in order to provide benchmark data of a challenging flow configuration with which to benchmark next generation CFD solvers. The experiments were conducted in the Imperial College Aeronautics Department Number Two Gun Tunnel, a Mach 8.9 axisymmetric facility with a freestream unit Reynolds number of 47 million An axisymmetric blunt-nosed cylinder fitted with an 8 degree flare forms the primary vehicle for this study, although a 1.3 degree cowl geometry was also used to impinge a shock onto the blunt-nosed cylinder.. The shock boundary layer interaction was designed such that it was separated for a laminar boundary layer and collapsed for a turbulent one. Carefully controlled turbulent spots were generated upstream of the interaction region which passed through the separation causing its collapse and subsequent re-establishment. Two intermittency cases are considered, one where turbulent spot spacing is large and collapse/re-establishment pairs can be considered independent of each other and one where they can not. Experimental surface quantities through the interaction region are measured using either heat-transfer or pressure measurements and schlieren video is used to diagnose the larger shock structure. Further a non-intrusive toluene PLIF method is assessed for use in this facility and shows promise. CFD simulations are done using an in-house operator split Godunov solver with a Baldwin-Lomax turbulence model. CFD simulations show good agreement with experiment and provides information on flow quantities that would be extremely difficult to measure otherwise. Collapse times of the separation bubble were found to be fast in relation to characteristic spot passage times. The collapse process is also fast in relation to the surrounding flows ability to adjust, with collapse associated with significant shock curvature of the immediate outboard shock structures. This leads to unsteadiness, with surface pressure measurements exceeding the range bounded by the laminar separated and turbulent collapsed cases. The severity of the unsteadiness appears to be driven by turbulent spot spacing. Re-establishment is considerably slower, showing asymptotic recovery that is likely driven by viscous diffusion rates, taking many characteristic spot passage times to recover.
Mass spectrometric analysis of volatile organic compounds in oesophago-gastric cancer
Creators: name: Kumar, Sacheen
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2014

description: In the UK, oesophago-gastric (OG) cancer remains a disease with poor patient outcomes and only 35% of patients are suitable for potentially curative treatment at first presentation. Early detection of these cancers is necessary with Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) analysis being a promising area to explore for new endogenous biomarkers. In this research, the application of Selected-Ion Flow Tube Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS), a real-time technique, for the analysis of VOCs in biofluids and exhaled breath has been investigated. The primary aim of this research was to identify potential VOC biomarkers in oesophago-gastric cancer; the long-term application being the translational development of VOCs as non-invasive diagnostic tests. A total of 13 VOCs emitted from gastric content were investigated in the first study; acetone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, hexanoic acid, hydrogen sulphide, acetic acid, hydrogen cyanide and methyl phenol were found to be significantly different between oesophago-gastric cancer and healthy groups. In a study on the headspace of urine, acetaldehyde, acetone, acetic acid, hexanoic acid, hydrogen sulphide, methanol and phenol were found to be at significantly different concentrations between oesophago-gastric cancer, positive control and healthy groups. Methodology experiments including the optimisation of VOC sampling techniques with evaluation of exogenous contamination and variability measures have also been conducted. Investigation of reference ranges for C3-C10 aldehydes in healthy subjects using SIFT-MS have been undertaken for the first time; C4-C10 aldehydes were present in the exhaled breath of healthy persons at concentrations < 3 ppbv. In a study on 210 consecutive patients, increased concentrations of fatty acids, phenols and aldehydes were observed in the exhaled breath of patients with oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma. The potential effects of clinical confounding factors have been also assessed and possible explanations for the observed differences have been discussed. The results of the pilot study on acute infection demonstrated minimal influence on the cancer-linked VOCs in OG cancer, except for butanal. The analysis of gastric content, urine and exhaled breath have proven that trace compounds are more influential than abundant metabolites in upper gastro-intestinal malignancy. It is also demonstrated that VOC profiles rather than individual compounds are more accurate in the molecular-orientated diagnosis of oesophago-gastric cancer.
The barrier layer and ocean colour in the Amazon and Orinoco plume: Competing for the oceanic control on tropical cyclone intensity
Creators: name: Newinger, Christina
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: The Amazon and the Orinoco river plumes modulate ocean stratification and colour in the tropical North Atlantic. This changes air-sea interactions and may thus be important for tropical cyclones (TCs). Using a regional ocean model, the potential impact of the rivers on ocean temperatures, stability, and TC intensity is investigated. The influence of riverine freshwater on the ocean is twofold: Firstly the freshwater plume stabilizes the water column, and secondly ocean colour in the plume modifies solar transmission. Within the Amazon and Orinoco plume, the two mechanisms have opposing and effective cancelling effects on TCs. On the one hand the freshwater plume thickens the barrier layer by up to 15 m locally, leading to increased stability and temperature inversions. The cooling inhibition index (CI) is +2.2 (J/m2) 1/3 larger when the river freshwater is present, potentially reducing SST feedbacks. Surface temperatures and upper ocean heat content are only slightly modified by the rivers. Ocean colour in the freshwater plume on the other hand, blocks the deeper ocean from sunlight, leading to moderate surface warming (+0.1o C) and substantial sub- surface cooling (-0.3o C 100m mean temperature). As a consequence cold water is more readily available to passing storms and the CI decreases by -2.1 (J/m2) 1/3 , hence increasing negative SST feedbacks. The net effect of the coloured plume on SST cooling is thus negligible. Simple, idealized relationships between expected surface cooling and TC intensity, suggest that the river-induced barrier layer enhances strong TCs by up to -5 to -12 hPa, while ocean colour may reduce intensity of strong storms by +8 hPa to +16 hPa. The net impact of the coloured plume is negligible for weak storms and a slight intensity reduction for stronger cyclones. Within the Amazon and Orinoco plume, the river freshwater effect may thus be substantially reduced or even offset by light absorbing particles.
Reminiscences of William T. Couch 1972
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Publishers and publishing
New Deal, 1933-1939
University presses
Farm tenancy--United States

description: Childhood and education, rural Virginia; University of North Carolina; University of North Carolina Press, Associate Director, 1926-1932 and Director, 1932-1945; freedom of the press in the South; problems of tenant farmers and the Farm Security Administration; Southern Policy Committee; Southern Conference for Human Welfare; Federal Writers Project, Regional Director, 1937-1939; THESE ARE OUR LIVES; University of Chicago Press, Director, 1945-1950; COLLIER'S ENCYCLOPEDIA, editor-in-chief, 1952-1959; OXFORD JUNIOR ENCYCLOPEDIA, editor, 1959-1963; William Volker Foundation; impressions of the Nashville Agrarians, Henry G. Alsberg, Clarence Carson, Harry Woodburn Chase, Jonathan Daniels, Frank P. Graham, Robert M. Hutchins, Herman C. Nixon, Howard W. Odum, and others
Gauge Invariance beyond the Electric Dipole Approximation
Creators: name: Anzaki, Ryoji
name: Shinohara, Yasushi
name: Sato, Takeshi
name: Ishikawa, Kenichi L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the gauge invariance of laser-matter interaction. The velocity gauge where the vector potential is expanded to the $n$-th order with respect to the spatial coordinate, and the length gauge where the electric and magnetic fields are expanded to the $n$-th and $(n-1)$-th orders, respectively, are mutually gauge-transformed, describing the physically equivalent situation. The latter includes up to the electric $2^{n+1}$-pole and magnetic $2^n$-pole interactions as well as two extra terms. The finding serves to develop consistent nonperturbative simulation methods beyond the electric dipole approximation.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure
title: 01_1214
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Supplementary document for Interference fringes in a nonlinear Michelson interferometer based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion - 5416674.pdf
Creators: name: Yang, Chen
name: Zhou, Zhiyuan
name: Wang, Liu-Long
name: Li, Yan
name: Liu, Shikai
name: Ge, Zheng
name: xiaochun, Zhang
name: Qing, Tang
name: Guo, Guang-can
name: Shi, Bao-Sen
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2021
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: In this supplemental document, the imaging results are shown and the angular-spectrum-dependent interference is introduced
Additional file 3: of An open-source tool to identify active travel from hip-worn accelerometer, GPS and GIS data
Creators: name: Procter, Duncan
name: Page, Angie
name: Cooper, Ashley
name: Nightingale, Claire
name: Ram, Bina
name: Rudnicka, Alicja
name: Whincup, Peter
name: Clary, Christelle
name: Lewis, Daniel
name: Cummins, Steven
name: Ellaway, Anne
name: Giles-Corti, Billie
name: Cook, Derek
name: Owen, Christopher
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Testing of moving window sizes for predictive accuracy. Model parameters: ETA = 0.1 (a measure of how conservative XGBoost is, set lower than standard to be more conservative and ovoid over-fitting), rounds = 200, subsample = 0.2 (use 0.2 of data in each model, again to avoid over-fitting), max tree depth = 10, gamma = 10, all others default (DOCX 26 kb)
Reminiscences of William Taylor 1988
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Lawyers
African Americans--Civil rights
Political participation
Anti-communist movements

description: Law school with Lowenstein at Yale; Adlai Stevenson presidential campaign; contacts with Americans for Democratic Action; work with National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Legal Defense Fund; recollections of 1960 presidential race; Freedom Summer in Mississippi; Civil Rights Commission during Kennedy administration; suspicion of Lowenstein by Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee as representative of "establishment;" anti-communism and Lowenstein; Dump Johnson movement and 1968 presidential campaign; Lowenstein's congressional campaign; Lowenstein's congressional tenure; personal relationship with Lowenstein
Reminiscences of William W. Buchanan 1969
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Veterans
World War, 1939-1945--Naval operations, American

description: University of Georgia, 1931-34; early Marine Corps training and assignments; genesis of defense battalion concepts, amphibious warfare doctrine; Quantico, 1941-43; formation of Marine Corps Women's Reserve; World War II: Roi-Namur, Saipan, Tinian, Iwo Jima; development of naval gunfire techniques in Pacific war; Fleet Marine Officer, 1950-52; Commanding Officer 9th Marines, Japan 1952-54; Army War College; Project Officer, Long Range Objectives Group, Office of Chief of Naval Operations, 1955-56.
GALAXY DYNAMICS IN CLUSTERS
Creators: name: Frenk, C. S.
name: Evrard, A. E.
name: White, S. D. M.
name: Summers, FJ
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1995
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use high resolution simulations to study the formation and distribution of galaxies within a cluster which forms hierarchically. We follow both dark matter and baryonic gas which is subject to thermal pressure, shocks and radiative cooling. Galaxy formation is identified with the dissipative collapse of the gas into cold, compact knots. We examine two extreme representations of galaxies during subsequent cluster evolution --- one purely gaseous and the other purely stellar. The results are quite sensitive to this choice. Gas-galaxies merge efficiently with a dominant central object while star-galaxies merge less frequently. Thus, simulations in which galaxies remain gaseous appear to suffer an ``overmerging'' problem, but this problem is much less severe if the gas is allowed to turn into stars. We compare the kinematics of the galaxy population in these two representations to that of dark halos and of the underlying dark matter distribution. Galaxies in the stellar representation are positively biased (\ie over-represented in the cluster) both by number and by mass fraction. Both representations predict the galaxies to be more centrally concentrated than the dark matter, whereas the dark halo population is more extended. A modest velocity bias also exists in both representations, with the largest effect, $σ_{gal}/σ_{DM} \simeq 0.7$, found for the more massive star-galaxies. Phase diagrams show that the galaxy population has a substantial net inflow in the gas representation, while in the stellar case it is roughly in hydrostatic equilibrium. Virial mass estimators can underestimate the true cluster mass by up to a factor of 5. The discrepancy is largest if only the most massive galaxies are used, reflecting significant mass segregation.
description: 30 pages, self-unpacking (via uufiles) postscript file without figures. Eighteen figures (and slick color version of figure 3) and entire paper available at ftp://oahu.physics.lsa.umich.edu/groups/astro/fews Total size of paper with figures is ~9.0 Mb uncompressed. Submitted to Ap.J.
Mechanisms of space use in the wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus
Creators: name: Godsall, Ben
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2015

description: "Space use” describes a wide set of movement behaviours that animals display to acquire the resources necessary for their survival and reproductive success. Studies across taxa commonly focus on the relationships between space use and individual-, habitat- and population-level factors. There is growing evidence, however, that variation in space use between individuals can also occur due to differences in 'personalities' and genetic variation between individuals. Using a wild population of the European wood mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus, this thesis aims to: i) investigate the roles of individual-level (body mass, body fat reserves and testosterone), habitat-level (Rhododendron and logs) and population-level (population density, sex ratio and season) factors as drivers of individual variation in the emergent space use patterns of individual home range size and home range overlap, estimated using spatial data collected in a mixed-deciduous woodland over three years. ii) Establish a link between genes and space use through the heritability and response to selection of phenotypic traits linked to individual variation in space use. A pedigree of the population is reconstructed from microsatellite data. Individual reproductive success is estimated from it and used to estimate selection gradients for three phenotypic traits. Heritability estimates are calculated using the animal model and together with selection gradients are used to predict the generational change in the population mean of traits using the Breeders equation. The results of this thesis suggest that the mechanism behind space use in this population of A. sylvaticus involves interactions between season, habitat, sex and the three individual-level factors (body mass, body fat and testosterone). The heritability of traits linked to emergent space use patterns suggests indirect effects of genes on individual variation in space use. Small responses to selection for traits suggests that gene-driven changes to space use patterns will most likely be indistinguishable between generations.
Signatures of the disk-jet coupling in the Broad-line Radio Quasar 4C+74.26
Creators: name: Bhatta, G.
name: Stawarz, L.
name: Markowitz, A.
name: Balasubramaniam, K.
name: Zola, S.
name: Zdziarski, A. A.
name: Jamrozy, M.
name: Ostrowski, M.
name: Kuzmicz, A.
name: Ogloza, W.
name: Drozdz, M.
name: Siwak, M.
name: Koziel-Wierzbowska, D.
name: Debski, B.
name: Kundera, T.
name: Stachowski, G.
name: Machalski, J.
name: Paliya, V. S.
name: Caton, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Here we explore the disk-jet connection in the broad-line radio quasar 4C+74.26, utilizing the results of the multiwavelength monitoring of the source. The target is unique in that its radiative output at radio wavelengths is dominated by a moderately-beamed nuclear jet, at optical frequencies by the accretion disk, and in the hard X-ray range by the disk corona. Our analysis reveals a correlation (local and global significance of 96\% and 98\%, respectively) between the optical and radio bands, with the disk lagging behind the jet by $250 \pm 42$ days. We discuss the possible explanation for this, speculating that the observed disk and the jet flux changes are generated by magnetic fluctuations originating within the innermost parts of a truncated disk, and that the lag is related to a delayed radiative response of the disk when compared with the propagation timescale of magnetic perturbations along relativistic outflow. This scenario is supported by the re-analysis of the NuSTAR data, modelled in terms of a relativistic reflection from the disk illuminated by the coronal emission, which returns the inner disk radius $R_{\rm in}/R_{\rm ISCO} =35^{+40}_{-16}$. We discuss the global energetics in the system, arguing that while the accretion proceeds at the Eddington rate, with the accretion-related bolometric luminosity $L_{\rm bol} \sim 9 \times 10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$ $\sim 0.2 L_{\rm Edd}$, the jet total kinetic energy $L_\textrm{j} \sim 4 \times 10^{44}$ erg s$^{-1}$, inferred from the dynamical modelling of the giant radio lobes in the source, constitutes only a small fraction of the available accretion power.
description: 9 pages and 6 figures, ApJ accepted
Rubus fruticosus Linnaeus, 1753, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1753
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Tracheophyta
Magnoliopsida
Rosales
Rosaceae
Rubus
Rubus fruticosus

description: Rubus fruticosus, spec. nov.
 5. Rubus foliis quinato-digitatis ternatisque, caule petiolisque aculeatis. Fl. suec. 409.
 Rubus caule aculeato, foliis ternatis ac quinatis. Hort. cliff. 192. Gron. virg. 163. Roy. lugdb. 273.
 Rubus vulgaris s. Rubus fructu nigro. Bauh. pin. 479.
 Rubus. Cam. epit. 751.
 β. Rubus vulgaris major, fructu albo. Raj. angl. 3. p. 467.
 γ. Rubus flore albo pleno. Magn. hort. 175.
 Habitat in sepibus praesertim maritimis Europae . ♄
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1753, Species plantarum: exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on pages 493-494, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3931989
Research on Artificial Intelligence Ethics Based on the Evolution of Population Knowledge Base
Creators: name: Liu, Feng
name: Shi, Yong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Other Computer Science (cs.OH)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The unclear development direction of human society is a deep reason for that it is difficult to form a uniform ethical standard for human society and artificial intelligence. Since the 21st century, the latest advances in the Internet, brain science and artificial intelligence have brought new inspiration to the research on the development direction of human society. Through the study of the Internet brain model, AI IQ evaluation, and the evolution of the brain, this paper proposes that the evolution of population knowledge base is the key for judging the development direction of human society, thereby discussing the standards and norms for the construction of artificial intelligence ethics.
description: 12 pages, 6 figures,1 table
Additional file 1: of Overlapping group screening for detection of gene-gene interactions: application to gene expression profiles with survival trait
Creators: name: Jie-Huei Wang
name: Yi-Hau Chen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: The full detail and performances of the OGS approach for survival, continuous and binary outcomes, and settings where some of genes are shared by three groups (pathways). (DOC 317 kb)
Reminiscences of William T. Stone, 1980
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2021
Subjects: Authors
Government consultants--United States
Economists
Journalism
International economic relations
Marine resources--United States
Yachts

description: Boyhood and education; writer and journalist, 1920s; researcher and administrator, Foreign Policy Association; chief of economic intelligence division, Foreign Economics Administration; formation and operation of Joint Intelligence Committee; economic advisor European Advisory Commission; intelligence advisor, United States Information Agency; consultant, Bureau of Budget and State Department, 1946-1952; editorial and economic consultant to private groups; marine resources recovery project and naval target bombing study, 1960-1973; columnist and author
title: RANGELAND SCIENCE
title: ECOLOGY, MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT OF RANGELANDS
titleType: AlternativeTitle
title: Λιβαδοπονία
title: ΟΙΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ, ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ ΚΑΙ ΒΕΛΤΙΩΣΗ ΛΙΒΑΔΙΚΩΝ ΕΚΤΑΣΕΩΝ
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Vrachnakis, Michail
Publisher: name: Kallipos, Open Academic Editions
Year: 2016
Subjects: ΟΙΚΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΛΙΒΑΔΙΩΝ
ΔΙΑΧΕΙΡΙΣΗ ΛΙΒΑΔΙΩΝ
ΒΕΛΤΙΩΣΗ ΛΙΒΑΔΙΩΝ
ΛΙΒΑΔΙΚΑ ΦΥΤΑ
ΚΤΗΝΟΤΡΟΦΙΑ
ΒΟΣΚΟΤΟΠΟΙ
Rangeland Ecology
Rangeland Management
Rangeland Improvement
Rangeland Plants
Livestock Husbandry
Pastures

description: Rangelands are among the most valuable natural resources of Greece, both in terms of area, and contribution to the national economy and culture as well, while the development prospects are substantial. As a result, the need for thorough consideration of these valuable ecosystems is essential. The science that deals with rangelands is called Rangeland Science (RS). The RS as applied science is divided into two major branches: the Rangeland Ecology, which offers the principles of ecological operation of rangeland ecosystems and Rangeland Management, which in light of ecological principles and the needs of modern man provides technical solutions for their sustainable management. Accordingly, this book hopes to cover both branches of RS. In particular, the first part analyzes the basic principles of Rangeland Ecology and the second develops the applied aspect of Rangeland Management. Emphasis is given to modern approaches in applied case studies.
description: Τα λιβάδια συγκαταλέγονται στους πολυτιμότερους εδαφοπονικούς πόρους της χώρας μας, τόσο σε έννοιες έκτασης, όσο και συμβολής στην εθνική οικονομία και πολιτισμό, ενώ και οι προοπτικές ανάπτυξής τους είναι σημαντικότατες. Ως εκ’ τούτου, η ανάγκη επισταμένης μελέτης των πολύτιμων αυτών οικοσυστημάτων κρίνεται απαραίτητη. Η επιστήμη που ασχολείται με τα λιβάδια ονομάζεται Λιβαδοπονία. Η Λιβαδοπονία, ως εφαρμοσμένη επιστήμη, χωρίζεται σε δύο σημαντικούς κλάδους: της Λιβαδικής Οικολογίας, η οποία προσφέρει τις οικολογικές αρχές λειτουργίας των λιβαδικών οικοσυστημάτων και της Διαχείρισης των Λιβαδιών, η οποία με γνώμονα τις οικολογικές αρχές και τις ανάγκες του σύγχρονου ανθρώπου προσφέρει τις τεχνικές για την αειφορική διαχείρισή τους. Αντίστοιχα, το παρόν σύγγραμμα καλύπτει και τους δύο αυτούς κλάδους της επιστήμης της Λιβαδοπονίας. Συγκεκριμένα στο πρώτο μέρος αναλύονται οι βασικές αρχές της Λιβαδικής Οικολογίας και στο δεύτερο αναπτύσσεται η εφαρμοσμένη έκφανση της Λιβαδοπονίας, δηλ. η Διαχείριση των Λιβαδιών. Έμφαση δίνεται σε σύγχρονες προσεγγίσεις και σε εφαρμοσμένες μελέτες περίπτωσης του συγγραφέα και συνεργατών του.
Additional file 1 of Juvenile polyposis syndrome might be misdiagnosed as familial adenomatous polyposis: a case report and literature review
Creators: name: Gao, Xian Hua
name: Li, Juan
name: Zhao, Zi Ye
name: Xu, Xiao Dong
name: Du, Yi Qi
name: Yan, Hong Li
name: Liu, Lian Jie
name: Bai, Chen Guang
name: Zhang, Wei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer

description: Additional file 1 Supplemental Table 1. The 139-gene panel used in the genetic test