cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Contribution of the nucleon-hyperon reaction channels to K$^-$ production in proton-nucleus collisions
Creators: name: Barz, H. W.
name: Naumann, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The cross sections for producing K$^-$ mesons in nucleon-hyperon elementary processes are estimated assuming one-pion exchange and using the experimentally known pion-hyperon cross sections. The results are implemented in a transport model which is applied to calculation of proton-nucleus collisions. In significant difference to earlier estimates for heavy-ion collisions the inclusion of the nucleon-hyperon cross section roughly doubles the K$^-$ production in near-threshold proton-nucleus collisions.
Increasing Staff Knowledge and Screening Practices for Adverse Childhood Experiences in Primary Care
Creators: name: McGraw, Angela
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are important to future health outcomes. Many health care providers lack the knowledge or training to assess for ACE. Purpose. The purpose of this quality improvement project is to increase the identification of ACE among adult clients in a primary care clinic in Saint John New Brunswick Canada, through the delivery of an education session for the health care team members and patient screening for ACE.  Methods. Staff at one clinic attended an educational program about ACE. Staff completed a pre and post education survey questionnaire (N = 8). Additionally, clinic patients (N= 32) were screened for childhood trauma using the ACE questionnaire. Post-screening surveys were completed by the clinicians who screened for ACE. Results. Most staff (85.7%) reported inadequate training/knowledge of ACE pre-education session; improvement in knowledge/understanding of ACE post session; and better prepared to discuss/screen patients for ACE. Nearly all of the 32 clinic patients reported a positive ACE score, and 62.7% had a score of four or more. Time to screen was not reported as a barrier by clinicians, and 10.0% of patients who screened positive were referred for counselling or booked a follow-up appointment. Conclusion. Health care providers lack education/training on ACE and patients are not regularly screened for ACE. To do this effectively, a trauma informed care approach must be used. A history of ACE in the patient sample was found to be high, yet previously unknown to the clinicians. This information has implications for primary care practice, community programming and policy development.
Human Trafficking Recognition and Response Training for Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners in New Hampshire Emergency Departments
Creators: name: Noyes, Carolyn L
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

Human trafficking is a pervasive yet under-recognized public health epidemic. Traffickers use various forms of manipulation to control their victims for the benefit of the trafficker with little regard for the victims’ well-being. This leads to victims of human trafficking suffering short- and long-term health problems. Trafficking victims may subsequently access healthcare during their time in captivity as a result of a direct harm caused to them due to their victimization from neglect, injury or disease. Unfortunately, victims often do not see themselves as victims or are too afraid to let their healthcare provider know that they need help. Warning signs may be subtle. Educating healthcare providers most likely to come into contact with victims of human trafficking can lead to increased recognition and appropriately provided services to assist this population. Emergency services healthcare workers already trained as sexual assault responders are specially positioned for this role. In the state of New Hampshire, these Sexual Assault Nurse Examiners (SANEs) work exclusively in emergency departments responding to concerns of sexual assault and domestic violence. SANEs are trained through a state-run program called the New Hampshire Coalition Against Domestic and Sexual Violence. This training has room for growth to include recognition and response to victims of human trafficking.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS FONTES INFORMAIS DE CRÉDITO NA DÉCADA DE 1990 E A MUDANÇA DE RELAÇÃO DOS NOVOS AGENTES – O CASO DA CARAMURU ALIMENTOS LTDA.
Creators: name: Silva, Fernanda Faria
name: Cardoso, Wesley Lemes
name: Silva, Fernanda Faria
name: Cardoso, Wesley Lemes
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: crédito rural
subject: fontes semi-formais e informais de recursos
subject: Caramuru Alimentos Ltda.

description: o objetivo deste trabalho é o de levantar as mudanças que ocorreram no âmbito do financiamento agrícola brasileiro, principalmente após a redução de recursos dirigidos pelas fontes oficiais. A partir daí, desenvolve-se uma nova institucionalidade, envolvendo as fontes semi-formais e informais de recursos (de caráter eminentemente privado), no sentido de complementar e até mesmo substituir o crédito formal. Além do aumento da participação das fontes informais no financiamento agrícola, outra constatação importante de ser destacada, refere-se à maior diversificação dos agentes concessores de crédito rural, destacando a participação de novos agentes como as tradings, agroindústrias e revendas de insumos. Por fim, foi utilizado como estudo-de-caso para demonstrar esta nova realidade, a Empresa Caramuru Alimentos Ltda. Esta empresa, voltada para as atividades agroindustriais, atua também no financiamento de recursos e insumos para os agricultores principalmente na região sul do estado de Goiás, retratando assim, o papel que outras empresas e instituições têm feito, no sentido de fornecer fontes alternativas de recursos para custear a produção.
Update of the keratin gene family: evolution, tissue-specific expression patterns, and relevance to clinical disorders.
Creators: name: Ho, Minh
name: Thompson, Brian
name: Fisk, Jeffrey Nicholas
name: Nebert, Daniel W
name: Bruford, Elspeth
name: Vasiliou, Vasilis
name: Bunick, Christopher G
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Gene Family Update
Keratin
Intermediate filament
Evolutionary blooms
Gene expression
Gene duplications
Synteny
Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
MrBayes program to estimate phylogeny

description: Intermediate filament (IntFil) genes arose during early metazoan evolution, to provide mechanical support for plasma membranes contacting/interacting with other cells and the extracellular matrix. Keratin genes comprise the largest subset of IntFil genes. Whereas the first keratin gene appeared in sponge, and three genes in arthropods, more rapid increases in keratin genes occurred in lungfish and amphibian genomes, concomitant with land animal-sea animal divergence (~ 440 to 410 million years ago). Human, mouse and zebrafish genomes contain 18, 17 and 24 non-keratin IntFil genes, respectively. Human has 27 of 28 type I "acidic" keratin genes clustered at chromosome (Chr) 17q21.2, and all 26 type II "basic" keratin genes clustered at Chr 12q13.13. Mouse has 27 of 28 type I keratin genes clustered on Chr 11, and all 26 type II clustered on Chr 15. Zebrafish has 18 type I keratin genes scattered on five chromosomes, and 3 type II keratin genes on two chromosomes. Types I and II keratin clusters-reflecting evolutionary blooms of keratin genes along one chromosomal segment-are found in all land animal genomes examined, but not fishes; such rapid gene expansions likely reflect sudden requirements for many novel paralogous proteins having divergent functions to enhance species survival following sea-to-land transition. Using data from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project, tissue-specific keratin expression throughout the human body was reconstructed. Clustering of gene expression patterns revealed similarities in tissue-specific expression patterns for previously described "keratin pairs" (i.e., KRT1/KRT10, KRT8/KRT18, KRT5/KRT14, KRT6/KRT16 and KRT6/KRT17 proteins). The ClinVar database currently lists 26 human disease-causing variants within the various domains of keratin proteins.
A RODADA DO MILÊNIO: IMPACTOS SOBRE O AGRONEGÓCIO BRASILEIRO
Creators: name: Souza, Mauricio Jorge Pinto De
name: Burnquist, Heloisa Lee
name: Souza, Mauricio Jorge Pinto De
name: Burnquist, Heloisa Lee
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: Agribusiness
Agricultural and Food Policy

description: O presente trabalho procura avaliar os possíveis impactos sobre o agronegócio brasileiro de diferentes cenários de liberalização comercial resultantes da Rodada Doha. Para isso é utilizado o Modelo Minimal de Equilíbrio Geral. Os resultados sugerem que tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo, os setores ligados ao agronegócio brasileiro responderam positivamente aos choques de liberalização comercial simulados. Porém os ganhos para os setores ligados ao agronegócio são significativamente mais altos no longo prazo e quando a liberalização completa é considerada. Dentre os setores mais beneficiados estão o Abate de Animais, a Indústria de Laticínios e a Indústria do Açúcar.
Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) Based on Solidification of Floating Organic Drop Using a Deep Eutectic Solvent for Simultaneous Preconcentration and Determination of Nickel and Cobalt in Food and Water Samples
Creators: name: Maedeh Tavakoli
name: Jamali, Mohammad Reza
name: Azizollah Nezhadali
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (UA-DES-DLLME-SFO) was employed with the solidification of floating organic drop to simultaneously preconcentrate and determine nickel and cobalt in food and water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). 2-(5-Bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino) phenol (5-Br-PADAP) was employed as the chelating agent, while decanoic acid and dl-menthol were employed as deep eutectic solvents. The influence of extraction solvent type and volume, chelating agent content, pH, ionic strength, and ultrasonication duration was assessed on the microextraction efficiency. Moreover, analytical figures of merit of the approach were determined. The optimal condition resulted in detection limits of 0.3 µg/L and 0.4 µg/L, quantification limits of 1.1 µg/L and 1.3 µg/L, and preconcentration factors of 50 for Ni and Co, respectively. Relative standard deviations (n = 10) for 50.0 µg/L nickel and cobalt were 2.3% and 2.5%, respectively. The developed technique was employed to simultaneously extract and determine nickel and cobalt contents of food and water samples.
Improvement of Batch Normalization in Imbalanced Data
Creators: name: Yasuda, Muneki
name: Ueno, Seishirou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this study, we consider classification problems based on neural networks in data-imbalanced environment. Learning from an imbalanced data set is one of the most important and practical problems in the field of machine learning. A weighted loss function based on cost-sensitive approach is a well-known effective method for imbalanced data sets. We consider a combination of weighted loss function and batch normalization (BN) in this study. BN is a powerful standard technique in the recent developments in deep learning. A simple combination of both methods leads to a size-mismatch problem due to a mismatch between interpretations of effective size of data set in both methods. We propose a simple modification to BN to correct the size-mismatch and demonstrate that this modified BN is effective in data-imbalanced environment.
Data Management Plan I
Creators: name: GRANT Garant
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Data exchange

description: Data Management Plan I is a public version of a deliverable of the Horizon Europe project PEACE. The original deliverable was delivered to the granting authority, Clean Hydrogen Partnership, in August 2023.  

The PEACE DMP is guided by the EU Open Science policy and Horizon Europe Data Management Plan obligations. All PEACE research data and outputs are managed responsibly in accordance with the FAIR principles. DISCLAIMER: This research report is published for informational purposes and has not yet been approved by the Clean Hydrogen Partnership.
Prevention and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Diseases (GERD) and Peptic Ulcer Diseases (PUD’s) Among Bhutanese Refugees Utilizing Personalize Patient Education
Creators: name: Paudel, Sharada
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

Background: Bhutanese refugees in the United States frequently suffer from gastrointestinal diseases especially gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)and peptic ulcer disease (PUD) which may impact on their quality of life. Purpose: This DNP Project utilized individualized patient education to help improve knowledge on prevention and management of GERD to decrease exacerbations. Methods: Three sessions of individualized live patient education with 15 Bhutanese refugee patients living in Western Massachusetts were provided. Pre and post intervention surveys on patient's symptoms, quality of life, degree of patient knowledge about disease and self-care management and number of ambulatory care visits utilizing the GERD Impact Scale (GIS) questionnaire.
Result: Statistically significant improvements were noted in overall symptoms and quality of life (5.25 points), knowledge scores (2.40 points) and number of ambulatory care visit (0.66 visit). The percentage of patients reported daily experiencing burning sensation on chest or behind the breast bone, pain on chest or behind the breast bone and sore throat or hoarseness was decreased by 53.3%, 26.67% and 33.3% respectively. Moreover, there was 62.5% decrease in ambulatory care visits.
Conclusion: This culturally tailored individualized patient education program helped promote patient's knowledge on disease process, risk factors and self-care management of GERD and PUD. It was also helpful in reducing short term and long-term complications of GERD and PUD, increasing quality of life and decreasing ambulatory care visits among Bhutanese refugee population living in Western Massachusetts.
MOESM4 of Measuring fidelity of delivery of the Community Occupational Therapy in Dementia-UK intervention
Creators: name: Walton, Holly
name: Tombor, Ildiko
name: Burgess, Jane
name: Groarke, Hilary
name: Swinson, Tom
name: Wenborn, Jennifer
name: Spector, Aimee
name: Orrell, Martin
name: Mountain, Gail
name: Michie, Susan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 4. Percentage of transcripts in which individual components were delivered fully, to some extent, or not at all per COTiD-UK sessions
ASPECTOS TEÓRICOS DO DATA MINING E APLICAÇÃO DAS REDES NEURAIS EM PREVISÕES DE PREÇOS AGROPECUÁRIOS
Creators: name: Lazzarotto, Lissandra Luvizao
name: Olivveiro, Alcione De Paiva
name: Lazzarotto, Joelsio Jose
name: Lazzarotto, Lissandra Luvizao
name: Olivveiro, Alcione De Paiva
name: Lazzarotto, Joelsio Jose
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: data mining
subject: banco de dados
subject: inteligência artificial
subject: economia aplicada
subject: agronegócio

description: A realização de análises relacionadas com determinados bancos de dados pode gerar informações de grande utilidade para os diversos setores da sociedade. Para isso, existem importantes ferramentas de data mining, dentre as quais destacam-se as redes neurais artificiais (RNAs). Partindo dessas observações, definiu-se o objetivo geral, que foi avaliar a qualidade de previsões de preços agropecuários, obtidas com o emprego das RNAs. Em termos teóricos e metodológicos, além de uma discussão acerca de relevantes pontos relativos ao data mining e às RNAs, foram analisados dois artigos científicos que, usando essas ferramentas, buscaram realizar previsões de preços da soja e da arroba do boi gordo. Dentre os principais resultados, constatou-se que, apesar de existirem algumas limitações, os valores previstos nos dois trabalhos mostraram-se satisfatórios, evidenciando, assim, que as RNAs podem constituir interessante alternativa para a previsão de preços agropecuários.
RELAÇÕES DE PREÇOS NOS MERCADOS INTERNO E INTERNACIONAL DE SOJA E DERIVADOS
Creators: name: Diehl, Daiane
name: Bacchi, Mirian Rumenos Piedade
name: Diehl, Daiane
name: Bacchi, Mirian Rumenos Piedade
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: soja
subject: comercialização
subject: relações de preços

description: O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar relações causais e estimar elasticidades de transmissão entre preços de soja, farelo e óleo nos mercados interno e externo e entre os preços desses produtos no mercado interno. Para tanto, foram utilizadas seis séries de dados semanais, obtidas a partir de séries diárias de preços, para o período de 2000 a 2004. Para as cotações internas do preço da soja em grão, farelo e óleo, utilizou-se os indicadores de preços levantados pelo CEPEA (Centro de Estudos Avançados em Economia Aplicada/ESALQ/USP) e, para as cotações externas, os valores do primeiro vencimento do contrato futuro negociado na Bolsa de Chicago (CBOT). Os procedimentos econométricos realizados incluíram critérios de Akaike (AIC) e Schwarz (SC), testes de raiz unitária, testes de co-integração, correlação cruzada e análise de regressão. Foram observadas relações causais no caso do farelo e do óleo, sendo que os preços internos são antecipados pelos preços externos, com variações transmitidas com até uma semana de defasagem. No caso da soja em grão, não se observou relação causal entre os preços interno e externo. No mercado interno, foram observadas relações bicausais entre os preços do grão e do farelo.
MOESM1 of Diet and irradiation effects on the bacterial community composition and structure in the gut of domesticated teneral and mature Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Creators: name: Woruba, Deane
name: Morrow, Jennifer
name: Reynolds, Olivia
name: Chapman, Toni
name: Collins, Damian
name: Riegler, Markus
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Alpha diversity metrics of 58 gut samples from Bactrocera tryoni reared on artificial diets, calculated at 97% identity level, after rarefaction of tenerals to 10 sequence reads and matures to 5500 sequence reads. Table S2. ANOVA of 16S rRNA gene sequence reads of teneral and mature adult Bactrocera tryoni. Table S3. ANOVA of number of OTUs in Bactrocera tryoni.
Ambonus electus
Creators: name: Taboada-Verona, Carlos
name: Mattei, Renato
name: Mattei, Roberto
name: Julio, Carlos Aguilar
name: Lanuza-Garay, Alfredo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Cerambycidae
Ambonus
Ambonus electus

description: 1. Ambonus electus (Gahan, 1903) (Figura 1).
 Material Examinado. VENEZUELA: Amazonas: Municipio Autónomo Atures. Pintao. Colectado con trampa de Luz. 1 ejemplar. 02/IV/2015. Hermanos Mattei col.
 Distribución. Honduras, Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Colombia, Paraguay, Surinam (Monné 2016a).
description: Published as part of Taboada-Verona, Carlos, Mattei, Renato, Mattei, Roberto, Julio, Carlos Aguilar & Lanuza-Garay, Alfredo, 2016, Nuevos registros de escarabajos longicornios (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) para Venezuela, pp. 1-9 in Insecta Mundi 2016 (493) on page 2, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5170643
Stabilized vortex solitons in layered Kerr media
Creators: name: Montesinos, Gaspar D.
name: Perez-Garcia, Victor M.
name: Michinel, Humberto
name: Salgueiro, Jose R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this letter we demonstrate the possibility of stabilizing beams with angular momentum propagating in Kerr media. Large propagation distances without filamentation can be achieved in layered media with alternating focusing and defocusing nonlinearities. Stronger stabilization can be obtained with the addition of an incoherent beam.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures. We have removed the sentence "Thus, they erroneously point out to the existence of fully stabilized vortex solitons" in page 2, column 2, line 7-8, because it might be confusing
AS BARREIRAS TÉCNICAS AO COMÉRCIO: IDENTIFICANDO ALGUMAS TENDÊNCIAS
Creators: name: Rodrigues, Francine Rossi
name: Souza, Maurício Jorge Pinto De
name: Miranda, Silvia Helena Galvão De
name: Rodrigues, Francine Rossi
name: Souza, Maurício Jorge Pinto De
name: Miranda, Silvia Helena Galvão De
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2006
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: Nos últimos anos observa-se o crescimento de uma nova forma de protecionismo, onde o emprego de instrumentos de regulamentação e normalização, vêm caracterizando um novo tipo de barreira comercial. Neste contexto, o trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as tendências que as barreiras técnicas ao comércio vêm assumindo nos últimos anos e identificá-las através da análise das notificações do acordo TBT da OMC. Os resultados evidenciam que apesar do setor agroindustrial ser mais afetado pelas medidas de natureza sanitária e fitossanitária, tem crescido em atenção também no escopo do Acordo sobre Barreiras Técnicas. À medida que as populações se tornam mais exigentes e preocupadas com temas como meio ambiente e segurança dos alimentos, crescem os requisitos, em número e intensidade, sobre a regulação de embalagens, rotulagens e até sobre os processos de produção no que tange a instituir procedimentos que garantam aos consumidores os padrões de qualidade e segurança que desejam. Uma outra tendência observada decorrente deste novo ambiente é o aumento de medidas que tratam não mais apenas do produto em si comercializado, mas de medidas que impõem exigências sobre os processos produtivos e de distribuição. Ademais, na atividade de normalização dos principais parceiros comerciais do Brasil pôde ser constatado que os produtos das indústrias agro-alimentares são bastante afetados, o que é de se considerar relevante dada a importância das exportações do agronegócio para o saldo comercial brasileiro.
Fast Detection of Beta Galactosidase and Enzyme Kinetics with 4-Aminophenyl-β-D-Galactopyranoside as Substrate
Creators: name: Lamberg, Peter
name: Lamkin-Kennard, Kathleen A.
name: Schrlau, Michael G.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Beta-galactosidase (β-Gal) is an important enzyme utilized to determine cell senescence and understand disease pathology, among being utilized for several biosensing applications. This key biomarker can be measured indirectly using electrochemical methods by detecting the electroactive p-aminophenol (PAP) produced from the enzymatic conversion of a substrate. Here, we present a quick electrochemical method based on cyclic voltammograms (CVs) to quantify the amount of β-Gal in aqueous solution in under 5 minutes. Using timed CVs, the enzyme kinetics of β-Gal versus 4-aminophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (PAPG) was estimated. The detection limit for β-Gal was 40 ng ml−1 using the timed quick CV method. KM was found to be 18.7 ± 0.7 µM, and Vmax 10.1 ± 0.6 µmol min−1 mg−1, for β-Gal with PAPG as a substrate. By adding divalent salts Mg2+ and Ca2+, KM was lowered to nearly half, and Vmax increased by 20%. The electrochemical protocol utilized neutral pH and ambient room temperature benchtop conditions, making it amenable to scanning electrochemical microscopy and lab-on-chip detection platforms. In addition to cell senescence, this quick and simple electrochemical method can be used in broad biosensing applications, including the detection of water and foodborne pathogens and the identification of toxic contaminants.
Detection of VHE gamma-ray transients with monitoring facilities
Creators: name: La Mura, G.
name: Chiaro, G.
name: Conceiçao, R.
name: De Angelis, A.
name: Pimenta, M.
name: Tomé, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of Very High Energy gamma rays (VHE, E > 100 GeV) led us to the identification of extremely energetic processes and particle acceleration sites both within our Galaxy and beyond. We expect that VHE facilities, like CTA, will explore these sources with an unprecedented level of detail. However, the transient and unpredictable nature of many important processes requires the development of proper monitoring strategies, to observe them. With this study, we estimate the properties of VHE transients that can be effectively detected by monitoring facilities. We use data collected by the Fermi-LAT instrument, during its monitoring campaign, to select events that are likely associated with VHE emission. We use this sample to estimate the frequency, the luminosity and the time-scales of different transients, focusing on blazar flares and Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). We discuss how the balance between Field of View, sensitivity and duty cycle of an observatory affects the likelihood to detect transients that occur at the inferred rates and we conclude describing the contribution that current and near-future monitoring facilities can bring to the identification and study of VHE transient emission.
description: 8 pages, 4 figures. Published on MNRAS at https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/497/3/3142/5891992
The uptake and use of a minimum data set (MDS) for older people living and dying in care homes: a realist review.
Creators: name: Musa, Massirfufulay Kpehe
name: Akdur, Gizdem
name: Brand, Sarah
name: Killett, Anne
name: Spilsbury, Karen
name: Peryer, Guy
name: Burton, Jennifer Kirsty
name: Gordon, Adam Lee
name: Hanratty, Barbara
name: Towers, Ann-Marie
name: Irvine, Lisa
name: Kelly, Sarah
name: Jones, Liz
name: Meyer, Julienne
name: Goodman, Claire
Publisher: name: Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Year: 2022
Subjects: Research
Older people care
long-term care
care home
standardised care
minimum-data-set

description: BACKGROUND: Care homes provide long term care for older people. Countries with standardised approaches to residents' assessment, care planning and review (known as minimum data sets (MDS)) use the aggregate data to guide resource allocation, monitor quality, and for research. Less is known about how an MDS affects how staff assess, provide and review residents' everyday care. The review aimed to develop a theory-driven understanding of how care home staff can effectively implement and use MDS to plan and deliver care for residents. METHODS: The realist review was organised according to RAMESES (Realist And Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis: and Evolving Standards) guidelines. There were three overlapping stages: 1) defining the scope of the review and theory development on the use of minimum data set 2) testing and refining candidate programme theories through iterative literature searches and stakeholders' consultations as well as discussion among the research team; and 3) data synthesis from stages 1 and 2. The following databases were used MEDLINE via OVID, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), ASSIA [Applied Social Sciences Citation Index and Abstracts]) and sources of grey literature. RESULTS: Fifty-one papers informed the development of three key interlinked theoretical propositions: motivation (mandates and incentives for Minimum Data Set completion); frontline staff monitoring (when Minimum Data Set completion is built into the working practices of the care home); and embedded recording systems (Minimum Data Set recording system is integral to collecting residents' data). By valuing the contributions of staff and building on existing ways of working, the uptake and use of an MDS could enable all staff to learn with and from each other about what is important for residents' care CONCLUSIONS: Minimum Data Sets provides commissioners service providers and researchers with standardised information useful for commissioning planning and analysis. For it to be equally useful for care home staff it requires key activities that address the staff experiences of care, their work with others and the use of digital technology. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42020171323.
Metal-insulator phase transition in a non-Hermitian Aubry-André-Harper Model
Creators: name: Longhi, Stefano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-Hermitian extensions of the Anderson and Aubry-André-Harper models are attracting a considerable interest as platforms to study localization phenomena, metal-insulator and topological phase transitions in disordered non-Hermitian systems. Most of available studies, however, resort to numerical results, while few analytical and rigorous results are available owing to the extraordinary complexity of the underlying problem. Here we consider a parity-time ($\mathcal{PT}$) symmetric extension of the Aubry-André-Harper model, undergoing a topological metal-insulator phase transition, and provide rigorous analytical results of energy spectrum, symmetry breaking phase transition and localization length. In particular, by extending to the non-Hermitian realm the Thouless$^{\prime}$s result relating localization length and density of states, we derive an analytical form of the localization length in the insulating phase, showing that -- like in the Hermitian Aubry-André-Harper model-- the localization length is independent of energy.
description: 11 pages, 2 figures, comments are welcome
Linear and Circular Polarization from Sagittarius A* and M81*
Creators: name: Bower, Geoffrey C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We describe recent results for Sgr A*, M81* and other low luminosity active galactic nuclei. We have conducted linear and circular polarimetry over a frequency range of 1.4 to 230 GHz and detected a variety of phenomena. The polarization properties of the studied sources are substantially different from higher powered AGN. In the case of Sgr A*, we are able to eliminate ADAFs and Bondi-Hoyle flows as possible models based on mm $λ$ polarimetry. Our success with Sgr A* demonstrates that we can learn about the nature of accretion and outflow in these sources with unprecedented detail. We may also develop probes of general relativity in the strong-field limit.
description: to appear in Circular Polarization Workshop Proceedings, Fender & Macquardt, eds., 10 pages, 5 figures
Risk and International Environmental Policy: Emerging Issues for the Minerals Sector
Creators: name: Cox, Anthony
name: Gooday, Peter
name: Cox, Anthony
name: Gooday, Peter
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Environmental Economics and Policy
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Environmental policy is evolving rapidly in the international arena with an increasing number of multilateral environmental agreements being negotiated in a range of forums. The issue of risk management has figured prominently in these processes, with the OECD risk reduction strategy for lead and the Basel Convention being two recem examples of particular relevance to the minerals sector. A common feature of these recent developments is the lack of an economic dimension when considering risk reduction measures at the international level. While considerable effort is being put into the scientific aspects of risk management, relatively little attention has been paid to the economic issues involved in risk reduction. Yet economic concerns are likely to be central to the successful adoption of intenational risk management measures. This is because any policy changes dealing with risk reduction email economic costs and benefits which are unlikely to be evenly distributed across countries. Failure to fully understand and address these economic aspects may result in the introduction of less than optimal policies or the rejection of sensible environmental protection strategies. In this paper, some of the key economic issues involved in the management of risk at the international level are reviewed together with the implications for the development of international environmental policy. The need for economic analysis to assist decision makers in fully understanding the range of implications of potential policy changes is illustrated through a case study of the OECD risk reduction strategy for lead.
Pricing Water for Power Generation: A Two-Tier Approach
Creators: name: Labson, B. Stephen
name: Labson, B. Stephen
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Agricultural Finance
Resource /Energy Economics and Policy

description: Current arrangements for pricing water for power generation are often deficient in providing signals in which to base investment decisions and in allocating water to its highest valued use. To address these shortcomings, a framework is proposed which relies on a two-tier pricing systern. Firstly, joint fixed costs are allocated in the form of a fixed access charge to the various users, thereby recovering costs and providing an incentive in which to proceed with socially beneficial investment. Secondly, entitlements to water are to be traded at prices and conditions negotiated between the relevant parties to facilitate the efficient allocation of the water resource among competing uses.
MOESM3 of Measuring fidelity of delivery of the Community Occupational Therapy in Dementia-UK intervention
Creators: name: Walton, Holly
name: Tombor, Ildiko
name: Burgess, Jane
name: Groarke, Hilary
name: Swinson, Tom
name: Wenborn, Jennifer
name: Spector, Aimee
name: Orrell, Martin
name: Mountain, Gail
name: Michie, Susan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: Medicine
Pharmacology
Developmental Biology
Marine Biology

description: Additional file 3. COTiD-UK checklists
Premium Benefits? A Heterogeneous Agent Model of Credit-Linked Index Insurance and Farm Technology Adoption
Creators: name: Farrin, Kathleen M.
name: Miranda, Mario J.
name: Farrin, Kathleen M.
name: Miranda, Mario J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: Agricultural and Food Policy
Agricultural Finance
Risk and Uncertainty

description: Lack of protection from downside risk has been posited as one explanation for sluggish technology uptake among subsistence agricultural households in the developing world. Access to credit and insurance is thought to be a stimulant to technology adoption where new methods are riskier but higher yielding on average, or, in the alternative, require sunk costs of investment that can be significant for households that already consume very little when harvests are poor. Despite recent efforts to pilot index-based insurance to smallholder farmers where no formal insurance was previously available, demand for individual-level contracts has been unexceptional at best, even when premiums are highly subsidized. On the flip side, the effect of index insurance on credit supply is ambiguous: if clients are insured against potential losses, theory suggests that credit supply should increase, as banks face lower probabilities of systemic default; however, due in part to the nature of basis risk that is inherent in index-based contracts, there are cases in which mandatory index insurance that indemnifies the policyholder directly can lead to decreased internal rates of return for lending institutions. In this paper, we employ a dynamic, stochastic, heterogeneous agent model where farm households have access to contingent credit or credit-linked insurance, and may also make dichotomous choices regarding technology and loan repayment in each period. The approach we take is novel in that insurance is modeled as a meso-level product, where the bank is first indemnified before any payouts are distributed to its borrowing clients. Thus, the model we put forward takes into account both supply- and demand-side concerns, and shows the possibilities of a trickle-down effect when index insurance contracts are sold not to individual households, but instead to risk aggregators for whom basis risk is lower. Results show that insurance can have a positive effect on technology uptake, while letting the lender lay first claim on indemnities lowers default rates.
Mitigate Bias in Face Recognition using Skewness-Aware Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Wang, Mei
name: Deng, Weihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Racial equality is an important theme of international human rights law, but it has been largely obscured when the overall face recognition accuracy is pursued blindly. More facts indicate racial bias indeed degrades the fairness of recognition system and the error rates on non-Caucasians are usually much higher than Caucasians. To encourage fairness, we introduce the idea of adaptive margin to learn balanced performance for different races based on large margin losses. A reinforcement learning based race balance network (RL-RBN) is proposed. We formulate the process of finding the optimal margins for non-Caucasians as a Markov decision process and employ deep Q-learning to learn policies for an agent to select appropriate margin by approximating the Q-value function. Guided by the agent, the skewness of feature scatter between races can be reduced. Besides, we provide two ethnicity aware training datasets, called BUPT-Globalface and BUPT-Balancedface dataset, which can be utilized to study racial bias from both data and algorithm aspects. Extensive experiments on RFW database show that RL-RBN successfully mitigates racial bias and learns more balanced performance for different races.
Utilizing Motivational Interviewing to Encourage Weight Loss in Primary Care
Creators: name: Sergeant, Wendy
Publisher: name: University of Massachusetts Amherst
Year: 2019

Purpose and Background: The purpose of this project was to educate nurse practitioners (NPs) and nurses (RNs) to promote healthy changes in obese individuals using the principles of Motivational interviewing (MI). Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States with two out of every three adults considered overweight or obese. Their health problems become costly and deadly. Ideally, RNs and NPs are the front line providers in this struggle of obesity because of their philosophy of health promotion. RNs and NPs can screen and address obesity through lifestyle counseling. Motivational interviewing, a proven and effective counseling method, is useful in enhancing changes directed towards reaching health behavior goals. 
Methods: This project began after Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, and recruiting graduate nursing students at a western Massachusetts university that are board certified as RN and NP.  The first part of the project commenced with pre-survey, then the viewing of an online MI educational session, followed by a written post-survey and at one month to see if participants are utilizing these skills in their practice. 
Results. Ten participants started and seven participants completed the project. (RN 60%, NP 40%). All were female. RNs and NPs increased their knowledge of MI principles and core skills measured by survey.
Implications/Conclusion: The primary outcome of the project was that NPs and RNs demonstrated increased knowledge of MI principles and core skills after completing online training. The secondary outcome was the NPs and RNs recognized the value of MI counseling methods  and facilitated the use of MI techniques in practice of obesity management.
Coherent coupling completes an unambiguous optomechanical classification framework
Creators: name: Li, Xiang
name: Korobko, Mikhail
name: Ma, Yiqiu
name: Schnabel, Roman
name: Chen, Yanbei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In most optomechanical systems a movable mirror is a part of an optical cavity, and its oscillation modulates either the resonance frequency of the cavity, or its coupling to the environment. There exists the third option -- which we call a "coherent coupling" -- when the mechanical oscillation couples several non-degenerate optical modes supported by the cavity. Identifying the nature of the coupling can be an important step in designing the setup for a specific application. In order to unambiguously distinguish between different optomechanical couplings, we develop a general framework based on the Hamiltonian of the system. Using this framework we give examples of different couplings, and discuss in details one particular case of a purely coherent coupling in a ring cavity with a movable mirror inside. We demonstrate that in certain cases coherent coupling can be beneficial for cooling the motion of the mechanical oscillator. Our general framework allows to approach the design of optomechanical experiments in a methodological way, for precise exploitation of the strengths of particular optomechanical couplings.
description: 18 pages, 9 figures
On the motion of spinning test particles in plane gravitational waves
Creators: name: Mohseni, M
name: Tucker, Robin W
name: Wang, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Mathisson-Papapetrou-Dixon equations for a massive spinning test particle in plane gravitational waves are analysed and explicit solutions constructed in terms of solutions of certain linear ordinary differential equations. For harmonic waves this system reduces to a single equation of Mathieu-Hill type. In this case spinning particles may exhibit parametric excitation by gravitational fields. For a spinning test particle scattered by a gravitational wave pulse, the final energy-momentum of the particle may be related to the width, height, polarisation of the wave and spin orientation of the particle.
description: 11 pages
The Effects of Food Labeling and Dietary Guidance on Nutrition in the United States
Creators: name: Parks, Joanna
name: Parks, Joanna
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: Food labels
subject: nutrition
subject: health claims
subject: nutrient intake.

description: Food label regulations, dietary guidance, and nutrition education have continually evolved to address emerging health and nutrition concerns in the United States. Using the most recently available data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2008, this study examines the individual characteristics associated with food label use and estimates the effect of using food labels on nutrient intake. Using an instrumental variables methodology I find that using the Nutrition Facts panel (NFP) decreases total calories consumed per day by 120 kilocalories, just shy of the calories in one can of regular soda, and enough to explain at least an 11 pound difference in steady state body weight. In general I find that, using food labels may reduce CVD risk and facilitate the management of body weight and diet-related health conditions such as hypertension. The results provide evidence that food labels and dietary guidance have helped consumers make healthier choices and that they have the potential to help those who do not yet use these tools.
Localized anomalies in orbifold gauge theories
Creators: name: von Gersdorff, Gero
name: Quiros, Mariano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply the path-integral formalism to compute the anomalies in general orbifold gauge theories (including possible non-trivial Scherk-Schwarz boundary conditions) where a gauge group G is broken down to subgroups H_f at the fixed points y=y_f. Bulk and localized anomalies, proportional to δ(y-y_f), do generically appear from matter propagating in the bulk. The anomaly zero-mode that survives in the four-dimensional effective theory should be canceled by localized fermions (except possibly for mixed U(1) anomalies). We examine in detail the possibility of canceling localized anomalies by the Green-Schwarz mechanism involving two- and four-forms in the bulk. The four-form can only cancel anomalies which do not survive in the 4D effective theory: they are called globally vanishing anomalies. The two-form may cancel a specific class of mixed U(1) anomalies. Only if these anomalies are present in the 4D theory this mechanism spontaneously breaks the U(1) symmetry. The examples of five and six-dimensional Z_N orbifolds are considered in great detail. In five dimensions the Green-Schwarz four-form has no physical degrees of freedom and is equivalent to canceling anomalies by a Chern-Simons term. In all other cases, the Green-Schwarz forms have some physical degrees of freedom and leave some non-renormalizable interactions in the low energy effective theory. In general, localized anomaly cancellation imposes strong constraints on model building.
description: 30 pages, 4 figures. v2: reference added