cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Shifting surrogacies: Comparative ethnographies
Creators: name: König, Anika
name: Whittaker, Andrea
name: Gerrits, Trudie
name: Rozée, Virginie
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fertility industry
subject: global fertility market
subject: reproductive technologies
subject: third-party reproduction
subject: transnational surrogacy
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: Gestational surrogacy is a reproductive arrangement where a woman gestates a child for others—the “intended parents”—in order to be handed over to them after birth. Since the turn of the millennium, demands for surrogacy have continuously increased due to social and demographic changes, rising rates of infertility, and the normalization of new, non-heteronormative, family forms. Many countries prohibit surrogacy, and others that previously permitted this reproductive arrangement closed down as a result of political decisions or surrogacy scandals. Moreover, surrogacy is offered at greatly varying costs, ranging from approximately US$50,000 in countries like the Republic of Georgia to US$200,000 in fertility clinics in California. Accordingly, many of these arrangements are transnational, with intended parents who cannot access surrogacy or afford surrogacy in their home country commissioning it in countries such as the United States, until recently Ukraine, and today increasingly in the Republic of Georgia. Existing research has focused on surrogacy from different angles, such as practices of kinning and de-kinning, inequality and stratification, the political economy of the fertility industry, and its gender dimensions. We engage in, but further these debates by drawing attention to settings, accounts, experiences, and new theoretical notions that diverge from “mainstream” presentations of surrogacy. Moreover, in this Special Issue, we experimented with writing joint papers with a deliberative aim to provide comparative analyses and emphasize the links between and diversity of different cases of surrogacy. Therefore, all papers have an explicit comparative character and are all based on empirical studies from more than one field site. They provide nuanced understandings of surrogacy arrangements, grounded in empirical data rather than ideological, political, or moral assessments.
GAM Coach: Towards Interactive and User-centered Algorithmic Recourse
Creators: name: Wang, Zijie J.
name: Vaughan, Jennifer Wortman
name: Caruana, Rich
name: Chau, Duen Horng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Machine learning (ML) recourse techniques are increasingly used in high-stakes domains, providing end users with actions to alter ML predictions, but they assume ML developers understand what input variables can be changed. However, a recourse plan's actionability is subjective and unlikely to match developers' expectations completely. We present GAM Coach, a novel open-source system that adapts integer linear programming to generate customizable counterfactual explanations for Generalized Additive Models (GAMs), and leverages interactive visualizations to enable end users to iteratively generate recourse plans meeting their needs. A quantitative user study with 41 participants shows our tool is usable and useful, and users prefer personalized recourse plans over generic plans. Through a log analysis, we explore how users discover satisfactory recourse plans, and provide empirical evidence that transparency can lead to more opportunities for everyday users to discover counterintuitive patterns in ML models. GAM Coach is available at: https://poloclub.github.io/gam-coach/.
description: Accepted to CHI 2023. 20 pages, 12 figures. For a demo video, see https://youtu.be/ubacP34H9XE. For a live demo, visit https://poloclub.github.io/gam-coach/
Cross-bordering journalism: How intermediaries of change drive the adoption of new practices
Creators: name: Heft, Annett
name: Baack, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cross-border collaborative journalism
subject: journalism practice
subject: pioneer journalism
subject: transnational journalism
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen

description: This article examines the adoption of cross-border collaboration practices by introducing the concept of ‘intermediaries of change’: individual journalists who drive the adoption and gradual normalisation of pioneering cross-border practices. We ask how they implement cross-border practices, integrate them into existing working routines, and how this influences their working conditions using a case study on Europe’s Far Right, a network of seven newspapers that investigated far-right parties ahead of the European Parliament election 2019. We found that the network expanded journalists’ research capacity and entails a ‘domino effect’ since journalists gain experience and establish cross-national ties, which enable them to better establish follow-up collaborations. While this might help to normalize cross-border practices, organisational structures and contexts of transnational journalism shape the degree of participation by different network members. Moreover, we found that cross-border collaborations might foster precarious working conditions and competition.
FerroHEMTs: High-Current and High-Speed All-Epitaxial AlScN/GaN Ferroelectric Transistors
Creators: name: Casamento, J.
name: Nomoto, K.
name: Nguyen, T. S.
name: Lee, H.
name: Savant, C.
name: Li, L.
name: Hickman, A.
name: Maeda, T.
name: Encomendero, J.
name: Gund, V.
name: Lal, A.
name: Hwang, J. C. M.
name: Xing, H. G.
name: Jena, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the first observation of ferroelectric gating in AlScN barrier wide-bandgap nitride transistors. These FerroHEMT devices realized by direct epitaxial growth represent a new class of ferroelectric transistors in which the semiconductor is itself polar, and the crystalline ferroelectric barrier is lattice-matched to the substrate. The FerroHEMTs reported here use the thinnest nitride high K and ferroelectric barriers to date to deliver the highest on currents at 4 A/mm, and highest speed AlScN transistors with fmax larger than 150 GHz observed in any ferroelectric transistor. The FerroHEMTs exhibit hysteretic Id Vgs loops with subthreshold slopes below the Boltzmann limit. A control AlN barrier HEMT exhibits neither hysteretic, nor sub Boltzmann behavior. While these results introduce the first epitaxial high K and ferroelectric barrier technology to RF and mm wave electronics, they are also of interest as a new material platform for combining memory and logic functionalities in digital electronics.
description: 4 pages, 8 figures, appeared in IEEE IEDM, December 2022
Statistical analysis of trajectories on Riemannian manifolds: Bird migration, hurricane tracking and video surveillance
Creators: name: Su, Jingyong
name: Kurtek, Sebastian
name: Klassen, Eric
name: Srivastava, Anuj
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We consider the statistical analysis of trajectories on Riemannian manifolds that are observed under arbitrary temporal evolutions. Past methods rely on cross-sectional analysis, with the given temporal registration, and consequently may lose the mean structure and artificially inflate observed variances. We introduce a quantity that provides both a cost function for temporal registration and a proper distance for comparison of trajectories. This distance is used to define statistical summaries, such as sample means and covariances, of synchronized trajectories and "Gaussian-type" models to capture their variability at discrete times. It is invariant to identical time-warpings (or temporal reparameterizations) of trajectories. This is based on a novel mathematical representation of trajectories, termed transported square-root vector field (TSRVF), and the $\mathbb{L}^2$ norm on the space of TSRVFs. We illustrate this framework using three representative manifolds---$\mathbb{S}^2$, $\mathrm {SE}(2)$ and shape space of planar contours---involving both simulated and real data. In particular, we demonstrate: (1) improvements in mean structures and significant reductions in cross-sectional variances using real data sets, (2) statistical modeling for capturing variability in aligned trajectories, and (3) evaluating random trajectories under these models. Experimental results concern bird migration, hurricane tracking and video surveillance.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/13-AOAS701 the Annals of Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
The Münsterdorf sinkhole cluster: void origin and mechanical failure
Creators: name: Kaufmann, Georg
name: Romanov, Douchko
name: Werban, Ulrike
name: Vienken, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Münsterdorf sinkhole cluster
subject: void origin
subject: mechanical failure
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Since 2004, collapse sinkholes occur on the sports field of Münsterdorf, a village north of Hamburg in Germany. The sinkholes, around 2–5 m in diameter and 3–5 m deep, develop in peri-glacial sand, which at around 20 m depth is underlain by Cretaceous chalk. The chalk has been pushed up close to the surface by a salt diapir. The sinkhole formation initiated suddenly and occurs with a frequency of one every 2 years. We use a variety of geophysical results (e.g. gravity, electrical resistivity imaging, ground-penetrating radar) from previous fieldwork campaigns together with a new data set from direct-push-based methods to infer mechanical and hydrological properties of the material beneath the sports field (peri-glacial sand, glacial marl, Cretaceous chalk). Based on the derived material properties, we develop a mechanical model for the sinkhole collapse, starting from simple analytical considerations and then moving towards a three-dimensional distinct-element model explaining the sudden onset of collapse sinkholes for the sports field. The mechanical model supports our hypothesis that the sudden onset of sinkholes is triggered by changes in groundwater level.
Boolean Equi-propagation for Concise and Efficient SAT Encodings of Combinatorial Problems
Creators: name: Metodi, Amit
name: Codish, Michael
name: Stuckey, Peter James
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present an approach to propagation-based SAT encoding of combinatorial problems, Boolean equi-propagation, where constraints are modeled as Boolean functions which propagate information about equalities between Boolean literals. This information is then applied to simplify the CNF encoding of the constraints. A key factor is that considering only a small fragment of a constraint model at one time enables us to apply stronger, and even complete, reasoning to detect equivalent literals in that fragment. Once detected, equivalences apply to simplify the entire constraint model and facilitate further reasoning on other fragments. Equi-propagation in combination with partial evaluation and constraint simplification provide the foundation for a powerful approach to SAT-based finite domain constraint solving. We introduce a tool called BEE (Ben-Gurion Equi-propagation Encoder) based on these ideas and demonstrate for a variety of benchmarks that our approach leads to a considerable reduction in the size of CNF encodings and subsequent speed-ups in SAT solving times.
description: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1206.3883
title: During the COVID-19 pandemic participants prefer settings with a face mask, no interaction and at a closer distance.
Creators: name: Kühne, Katharina
name: Fischer, Martin H.
name: Jeglinski-Mende, Melinda A.
Publisher: name: Universitätsverlag Potsdam
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik

description: Peripersonal space is the space surrounding our body, where multisensory integration of stimuli and action execution take place. The size of peripersonal space is flexible and subject to change by various personal and situational factors. The dynamic representation of our peripersonal space modulates our spatial behaviors towards other individuals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this spatial behavior was modified by two further factors: social distancing and wearing a face mask. Evidence from offline and online studies on the impact of a face mask on pro-social behavior is mixed. In an attempt to clarify the role of face masks as pro-social or anti-social signals, 235 observers participated in the present online study. They watched pictures of two models standing at three different distances from each other (50, 90 and 150 cm), who were either wearing a face mask or not and were either interacting by initiating a hand shake or just standing still. The observers’ task was to classify the model by gender. Our results show that observers react fastest, and therefore show least avoidance, for the shortest distances (50 and 90 cm) but only when models wear a face mask and do not interact. Thus, our results document both pro- and anti-social consequences of face masks as a result of the complex interplay between social distancing and interactive behavior. Practical implications of these findings are discussed.
description: Zweitveröffentlichungen der Universität Potsdam : Humanwissenschaftliche Reihe; 783
The effect of starspots on the radii of low-mass pre-main sequence stars
Creators: name: Jackson, R. J.
name: Jeffries, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A polytropic model is used to investigate the effects of dark photospheric spots on the evolution and radii of magnetically active, low-mass (M<0.5Msun), pre-main sequence (PMS) stars. Spots slow the contraction along Hayashi tracks and inflate the radii of PMS stars by a factor of (1-beta)^{-N} compared to unspotted stars of the same luminosity, where beta is the equivalent covering fraction of dark starspots and N \simeq 0.45+/-0.05. This is a much stronger inflation than predicted by the models of Spruit & Weiss (1986) for main sequence stars with the same beta, where N \sim 0.2 to 0.3. These models have been compared to radii determined for very magnetically active K- and M-dwarfs in the young Pleiades and NGC 2516 clusters, and the radii of tidally-locked, low-mass eclipsing binary components. The binary components and ZAMS K-dwarfs have radii inflated by \sim 10 per cent compared to an empirical radius-luminosity relation that is defined by magnetically inactive field dwarfs with interferometrically measured radii; low-mass M-type PMS stars, that are still on their Hayashi tracks, are inflated by up to \sim 40 per cent. If this were attributable to starspots alone, we estimate that an effective spot coverage of 0.35 < beta < 0.51 is required. Alternatively, global inhibition of convective flux transport by dynamo-generated fields may play a role. However, we find greater consistency with the starspot models when comparing the loci of active young stars and inactive field stars in colour-magnitude diagrams, particularly for the highly inflated PMS stars, where the large, uniform temperature reduction required in globally inhibited convection models would cause the stars to be much redder than observed.
description: MNRAS in press, 13 pages
title: Quality of Romantic Relationships and Mortality Salience Predict Parenthood vs. Career-Oriented Intentions: A Terror Management Perspective
Creators: name: Contu, Federico
name: Ambrosio, Alessandra
name: Pantaleo, Giuseppe
name: Sciara, Simona
Publisher: name: Psychology Hub
Year: 2023

description: Drawing on Terror Management Theory (TMT; Greenberg et al., 1986; for reviews: Arrowood Cox, 2020; Pyszczynski et al., 2015), this study examined how people living in a high-quality romantic relationship would react to reminders of their own mortality and increase their desire for offspring. Two hundred and twenty undergraduate students engaged in romantic relationships were first asked about the quality of their relationship, and then randomly assigned to one of two experimental conditions (mortality salience vs. dental pain). After completion of a filler task intended to activate distal terror management defenses, participants were asked about their desire for children, ideal time-lapse before having children, and relevance of professional vs. family goals (dependent variables). Results showed that participants in high-quality relationships, if compared with their counterparts involved in low-quality relationships, when reminded of their mortality, manifested a stronger desire for children, were less intentioned to postpone parenting, and were also less ready to prioritize their professional career over having children. The above results suggest that people in high-quality relationships—i.e., people involved in secure, harmonious, and stable relationships—may rely on comparatively stronger intentions concerning parenthood as pertinent terror management defenses as a way of coping with their existential anxieties.
description: Psychology Hub, Vol. 40 No. 2 (2023)
Mechanisms of hydrological responses to volcanic eruptions in the Asian monsoon and westerlies-dominated subregions
Creators: name: Zhuo, Zhihong
name: Kirchner, Ingo
name: Cubasch, Ulrich
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: volcanic eruptions
subject: Asian monsoon
subject: westerlies-dominated subregions
subject: Mechanisms of hydrological responses
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::551 Geologie, Hydrologie, Meteorologie
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::555 Geowissenschaften Asiens

description: Explosive volcanic eruptions affect surface climate, especially in monsoon regions, but responses vary in different regions and to volcanic aerosol injection (VAI) in different hemispheres. Here, we use six ensemble members from the last-millennium experiment of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 to investigate the mechanisms of regional hydrological responses to different hemispheric VAIs in the Asian monsoon region (AMR). Northern hemispheric VAI (NHVAI) leads to an intensified aridity over the AMR after northern hemispheric VAI (NHVAI); spatially, a distinct inverse response pattern to the climatological conditions emerges, with an intensified aridity in the relatively wettest area (RWA) but a weakened aridity in the relatively driest area (RDA) of the AMR. Southern hemispheric VAI (SHVAI) shows a weakened aridity over the AMR, but the spatial response pattern is not that clear due to small aerosol magnitude. The mechanism of the hydrological impact relates to the indirect change of atmospheric circulation due to the direct radiative effect of volcanic aerosols. The decreased thermal contrast between the land and the ocean after NHVAI results in a weakened East Asian summer monsoon and South Asian summer monsoon. This changes the moisture transport and cloud formation in the monsoon and westerlies-dominated subregions. The subsequent radiative effect and physical feedbacks of local clouds lead to different hydrological effects in different areas. Results here indicate that future volcanic eruptions may temporarily alleviate the uneven distribution of precipitation in the AMR, which should be considered in the near-term climate predictions and future strategies of local adaptation to global warming. The local hydrological responses and mechanisms found here can also provide a reference for stratospheric aerosol engineering.
Pre-schoolers’ images, intergroup attitudes, and liking of refugee peers in Germany
Creators: name: Würbel, Iris
name: Kanngiesser, Patricia
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Refugees
subject: Children
subject: Psychological attitudes
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: There is extensive research on children’s intergroup attitudes, but their perceptions of refugee children have rarely been studied. We conducted a study with 5- and 6-year-old children (N = 60) in Germany following the arrival of unprecedented large numbers of refugees in 2015 and 2016. Children completed a set of three tasks that measured their perceptions of refugee children (minority group) and German children (majority group): a draw-a-typical-child task (including questions about whether participants wanted to interact with the depicted child), an intergroup attitude task, and a liking task. Results indicate that participants drew similar pictures of and had similar intentions to interact with refugee children and German children. There was mixed evidence for group favouritism: while participants showed similar explicit attitudes towards German and refugee peers, they indicated more liking of German peers. Moreover, children viewed refugee children as a less variable (more homogeneous) group than German children. Opportunities for intergroup contact with refugee peers (i.e., whether participants attended kindergartens with or without refugee children) had no discernible effect on any of the measures. Our findings provide a snapshot of children’s perceptions of refugees in a unique historical context and contribute to research on the development of intergroup attitudes in real-world settings.
A Parametric Study of Oxygen Ion Cyclotron Harmonic Wave Excitation and Polarization by an Oxygen Ring Distribution
Creators: name: Liu, Xu
name: Chen, Lunjin
name: Sun, Jicheng
name: Wang, Xueyi
name: Usanova, Maria E.
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2023
Subjects: high performance computing

description: Oxygen ion cyclotron harmonic (OCH) waves are electromagnetic emissions with frequencies near the harmonics of the oxygen ion cyclotron frequency. They are ubiquitously observed in the Earth’s magnetosphere. These waves can be excited by an energetic O+ ring distribution. Here, we perform a parametric study of OCH waves by an O+ ring distribution. We investigate the effects of ring concentration (ηho), velocity (vr), temperature (Tr), total O+ concentration (ηo), and wave normal angles (WNAs) on the wave growth rate and polarization. We find that four-wave modes are related to OCH waves. The growth rates and frequency range increase with ηho and ηo and decrease with Tr. The peak growth rate roughly follows the first peak of Jn2 (square of the Bessel function corresponding to the O+ ring) or cold plasma wave modes, which can be used to explain the vr and WNA dependences. OCH waves shift from the transverse mode to the compressional mode as vr increases. This work used TACC to perform particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation (part of Figure 1 of this work) and was published in Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics.
Situation, context, and causality—On a core debate of violence research
Creators: name: Nassauer, Anne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: complex causality
subject: concepts
subject: micro-sociology
subject: qualitative research
subject: situations
subject: symbolic interaction
subject: violence
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::301 Soziologie, Anthropologie

description: The sociology of violence has undergone a tremendous change over the past 10 years, increasingly arguing that situational factors are key to violence emergence, rather than context factors. Yet, many key questions regarding this novel situational approach remain unanswered: How can situation and context be conceptually specified? Can context be integrated into a situational explanatory model? And what causal understanding underlies situational approaches? To answer these questions, the paper relies on my empirical studies of officer deadly use of force and of collective violence in protests, as well as other scholars’ empirical work. The article first proposes a specified definition of situation and context. Using these concepts, it then proposes a causal specification of the situational approach through necessary, sufficient, and INUS conditions, as well as context factors as risk factors to violence. Third, in an outlook, it argues that this causal relationship between situation, context, and violence can be theoretically framed through an elaborated symbolic interactionism that integrates context into a situational approach. It also discusses the relevance of the debate for violence avoidance and for other research fields.
Transnational issue agendas of the radical right? Parties’ Facebook campaign communication in six countries during the 2019 European Parliament election
Creators: name: Heft, Annett
name: Pfetsch, Barbara
name: Voskresenskii, Vadim
name: Benert, Vivien
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Transnational issue agendas
subject: radical right parties
subject: European Parliament election campaign
subject: structural topic modelling
subject: social media
subject: 000 Informatik, Informationswissenschaft, allgemeine Werke::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen::070 Publizistische Medien, Journalismus, Verlagswesen

description: In this study, we investigate to what degree radical right parties use social media for pushing a common issue agenda to mobilise voters on a pan-European scale. Using the 2019 European Parliament (EP) election as a case, we analysed radical right parties’ campaign agendas in Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Poland and Sweden and identified the transnationally shared issue repertoire in their Facebook communication. Based on the structural topic modelling we used for analysis, our results reveal a set of shared issues – immigration and blaming elites –which are typical of the populist core of those parties. Moreover, all parties use social media to draw attention to the election itself. While radical right parties mobilise their voters based on a transnationally recurring set of shared issues, national political opportunity structures account for party-specific topics and national adaptations of shared issues in their campaigns on Facebook.
Description Logic Knowledge and Action Bases
Creators: name: Hariri, Babak Bagheri
name: Calvanese, Diego
name: Montali, Marco
name: De Giacomo, Giuseppe
name: De Masellis, Riccardo
name: Felli, Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Description logic Knowledge and Action Bases (KAB) are a mechanism for providing both a semantically rich representation of the information on the domain of interest in terms of a description logic knowledge base and actions to change such information over time, possibly introducing new objects. We resort to a variant of DL-Lite where the unique name assumption is not enforced and where equality between objects may be asserted and inferred. Actions are specified as sets of conditional effects, where conditions are based on epistemic queries over the knowledge base (TBox and ABox), and effects are expressed in terms of new ABoxes. In this setting, we address verification of temporal properties expressed in a variant of first-order mu-calculus with quantification across states. Notably, we show decidability of verification, under a suitable restriction inspired by the notion of weak acyclicity in data exchange.
Thermodynamic properties of LiCu$_{2}$O$_{2}$ multiferroic compound
Creators: name: Qi, Yan
name: Du, An
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A spin model of quasi-one dimensional LiCu$_{2}$O$_{2}$ compound with ground state of ellipsoidal helical structure in which the helical axis is along the diagonal of CuO$_{4}$ squares has been adopted. By taking into account the interchain coupling and exchange anisotropy, the exotic magnetic properties and ferroelectricity induced by spiral spin order have been studied by performing Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results qualitatively reproduce the main characters of ferroelectric and magnetic behaviors of LiCu$_{2}$O$_{2}$ compound and confirm the low-temperature incollinear spiral ordering. Furthermore, by performing the calculations of spin structure factor, we systematically investigate the effects of different exchange coupling on the lower-temperature magnetic transition, and find that the spiral spin order depends not only on the ratio of nearest and next-nearest neighbor inchain spin coupling but also strongly on the exchange anisotropy.
description: 13 pages, 11 figures
Implementing RFI mitigation in Radio Science
Creators: name: Baan, Willem A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents an overview of methods for mitigating radio frequency interference (RFI) in radio science data. The primary purpose of mitigation is to assist observatories to take useful data outside frequency bands allocated to the Science Services (RAS and EESS): mitigation should not be needed within Passive bands. Mitigation methods may be introduced at a variety of points within the data acquisition system in order to lessen the RFI intensity and to limit the damage it does. These methods range from proactive methods to change the local RFI environment by means of regulatory manners, to pre- and post-detection methods, to various pre-processing methods, and to methods applied at or post-processing.
description: 11 pages, 4 figures
Breaking a Path by Creating a New One: How Organizational Change Boosts Children’s Cancer Care
Creators: name: Stache, Florian
name: Sydow, Jörg
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: healthcare
subject: innovation
subject: organizational change
subject: path creation
subject: path dependence
subject: persistence
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::330 Wirtschaft::330 Wirtschaft

description: The theory of organizational path dependence helps us to understand why organizational change is sometimes extremely difficult, if not impossible. Although recent conceptualizations of path dependence allow for strategic agency, the theory is still underspecified regarding how to break an organizational path. In an attempt to develop the theory in this regard, we make use of a case in the sphere of global health with an undisputed life-saving impact. More precisely, we trace a significant improvement in the field of pediatric cancer care back to path-breaking organizational change: the successful introduction of multicenter cooperation within a healthcare system that is arguably locked into a centralization path. Drawing on longitudinal research conducted within Russian children’s hospitals, we conclude that path-breaking change is an intricate process based upon distinct activities, and supported by mechanisms, directed towards the creation of a new organizational path.
Enhanced Sampling in Molecular Dynamics Using Metadynamics, Replica-Exchange, and Temperature-Acceleration
Creators: name: Abrams, Cameron
name: Bussi, Giovanni
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review a selection of methods for performing enhanced sampling in molecular dynamics simulations. We consider methods based on collective variable biasing and on tempering, and offer both historical and contemporary perspectives. In collective-variable biasing, we first discuss methods stemming from thermodynamic integration that use mean force biasing, including the adaptive biasing force algorithm and temperature acceleration. We then turn to methods that use bias potentials, including umbrella sampling and metadynamics. We next consider parallel tempering and replica-exchange methods. We conclude with a brief presentation of some combination methods.
description: Accepted for publication on Entropy
Consistency and Specificity of Attachments to Parents, Friends, and Romantic Partners in Emerging Adulthood
Creators: name: Bohn, Johannes
name: Holtmann, Jana
name: Luhmann, Maike
name: Koch, Tobias
name: Eid, Michael
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: attachment
subject: friendship
subject: emerging adulthood
subject: consistency
subject: family relationships
subject: peers
subject: 100 Philosophie und Psychologie::150 Psychologie::150 Psychologie

description: The idea of a general working model of attachment suggests a high consistency among the attachments to different attachment figures. However, many empirical results show that attachments to different attachment figures differ substantially. In this study, 512 emerging adults rated their attachment quality to one parent, the romantic partner, and several friends over three measurement occasions. We used a multilevel structural equation model to examine the degree of consistency and different aspects of specificity. Attachment to parents was strongly associated with the attachment to friends (around r = .4) and less strongly with the attachment to romantic partners (around r = .3). However, most of the variance was specific to the different attachment figures. Attachments to different friends were more strongly correlated with each other than with the attachments to figures of other domains. The results hint at the existence of specific attachment patterns for every domain of attachment figures.
The ion-atom absorption processes as one of the factors of the influence on the sunspot opacity
Creators: name: Ignjatovic, Lj. M.
name: Mihajlov, A. A.
name: Sreckovic, V. A.
name: Dimitrijevic, M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a continuation of the previous investigations of the symmetric and strongly non-symmetric ion-atom absorption processes in the far UV region within the models of the quiet Sun photosphere, these processes are studied here within a model of the sunspot. Here we mean the absorption processes in the H$(1s)$+H$^{+}$ and H$(1s)+X^{+}$ collisions and the processes of the photo-dissociation of the H$_{2}^{+}$ and H$X^{+}$ molecular ions, where $X$ is one of the metal atoms: $X=$Na, Ca, Mg, Si and Al. Obtained results show that the influence of the considered ion-atom absorption processes on the opacity of sunspots in the considered spectral region (110 nm $\lesssim λ\lesssim$ 230 nm) is not less and in some parts even larger than the influence of the referent electron-atom processes. In such a way, it is shown that the considered ion-atom absorption processes should be included \emph{ab initio} in the corresponding models of sunspots of solar-type and near solar-type stars. Apart of that, the spectral characteristics of the considered non-symmetric ion-atom absorption processes (including here the case $X$ = Li), which can be used in some further applications, have been determined and presented within this work.
description: Accepted in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Comparative evaluation of Gestosis score vs uterine artery pulsatility index in predicting gestational hypertension
Creators: name: SWATI DAHIPHALE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Gestosis score, uterine artery pulsatility index, gestational hypertension, high-risk pregnancy

description: Background: Gestational hypertension and its consequences such as preeclampsia, eclampsia is a leading cause of maternal mortality in India. Multiple risk factors are already known to cause hypertension in pregnancy and with newer advances in the field of medicine, newer risk factors are also being detected which contribute to gestational hypertension. There is need to detect these risk factors so that women who are susceptible to developing hypertension in their pregnancy can be identified at the earliest and monitored and managed accordingly. This study includes two methods, gestosis score which is a newer method, and uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index which is commonly utilized in usually urban centers where ultrasonography facilities are available to look for these risk factors. Objective: The study intends to compare the results of both prediction approaches, the Gestosis score and the Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index in identifying women at risk for gestational hypertension so that these women can be monitored vigilantly for the development of hypertension during their pregnancies and contribute to better management and healthy outcomes of pregnancy. Methodology: This study will include 140 pregnant women with gestational ages between 13 to 20 weeks. The gestosis score and mean uterine artery pulsatility index will be calculated. Women with a gestosis score of three or more are deemed at risk for gestational hypertension. Women with mean pulsatility index of 95th percentile or higher are labeled at risk of gestational hypertension. The outcomes of these two methods will be compared to assess which is more effective in predicting developing gestational hypertension. Expected Outcome: The study aims to provide insights into the effectiveness of both the Gestosis Score and the Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index in predicting gestational hypertension. The results will contribute to employing better risk assessment in clinical practice and the management of high-risk pregnancies.
Who can organize and exercise effective resistance? A southern criminology perspective on the victimology of state crime
Creators: name: Vegh Weis, Valeria
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Atrocity crimes
subject: democracy
subject: human rights
subject: social change
subject: southern criminology
subject: state crime
subject: victims
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::340 Recht::345 Strafrecht

description: More than 75 million people were killed in wars, dictatorships and civil conflicts in the 20th century alone. To date, states and international organizations have been regarded as the reliable entities for addressing these atrocities. However, these agencies are often perpetrators (or bystanders) that even deny their crimes. Based on a southern criminology approach, the article examines whether challenging atrocities becomes more feasible if organizations led by the victim-survivors themselves take precedence over established state-based or international entities. The key hypothesis is that the degree of effective resistance is directly related to the degree of victims’ involvement in the process. Moreover, this article will go beyond the state of the art (based on victim participation) by advocating a victim-driven model, where victims’ networks play a leading role that is independent from the state and international organizations.
Observed Gravitational Wave Effects: Amaldi 1980 Frascati-Rome Classical Bar Detectors, 2013 Perth-London Zener-Diode Quantum Detectors, Earth Oscillation Mode Frequencies
Creators: name: Cahill, Reginald T
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Amaldi et al. in 1981 reported two key discoveries from the Frascati and Rome gravitational wave cryogenic bar detectors: (a) Rome events delayed by within a few seconds to tens of seconds from the Frascati events, and (b) the Frascati Fourier-analysed data frequency peaks being the same as the earth oscillation frequencies from seismology. The time delay effects have been dismissed as being inconsistent with gravitational waves having speed c. However using data from zener diode quantum detectors, from Perth and London, for January 1-3, 2013, we report the same effects, and in excellent agreement with the Amaldi results. The time delay effects appear to be gravitational wave reverberations, recently observed, and for gravitational wave speeds of some 500km/s, as detected in numerous experiments. We conclude that the Amaldi et al. discoveries were very significant.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures
‘First Essentials of Survival’: Ensuring the Support and Compliance of Civilians in the Guerrilla Conflict with Japan on Panay, 1942–1945
Creators: name: Maddox, Kelly
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Pacific War
subject: guerrilla warfare
subject: resistance
subject: the Philippines
subject: Panay
subject: civilians
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::950 Geschichte Asiens::959 Geschichte Südostasiens

description: This article offers a detailed examination of the strategies employed by the resistance leadership in Panay to mobilize and, if necessary, coerce civilians into supporting them in their guerrilla conflict with Japan. It argues that their ability to adapt and, thereby, continually ensure the support and compliance of the civilian population were as important, if not more so, to their overall success than strictly military accomplishments. The primary aim of this article is to bring the importance of civilians into focus and deepen our historical understanding of a much-understudied and understated aspect of resistance to Japanese occupation in the Philippines.
title: Σχεδιασμός οπτικής ταυτότητας μουσικού άλμπουμ
title: Music album visual identity design
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μουλός, Σταύρος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Δυτικής Αττικής
Year: 2023
Subjects: Οπτική ταυτότητα

description: Η εργασία αυτή αφορά τη διαδικασία σχεδιασμού της πλήρης οπτικής ταυτότητας του μουσικού άλμπουμ με τίτλο "Interrail", το οποίο είχε ένα περιπετειώδες και επαναστατικό θέμα εμπνευσμένο από την κουλτούρα του γκράφιτι.
Archaeobotanical evidence of plant cultivation from the Sanbaopi site in south-western Taiwan during the Late Neolithic and Metal Age
Creators: name: Leipe, Christian
name: Lu, Jou-Chun
name: Chi, Ko-An
name: Lee, Shu-Min
name: Yang, Hung-Cheng
name: Wagner, Mayke
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Austronesia
subject: language-farming dispersal
subject: mixed millet-rice farming
subject: mung bean
subject: pigeon pea
subject: Southeast Asian Metal Age exchange network
subject: 900 Geschichte und Geografie::930 Geschichte des Altertums (bis ca. 499), Archäologie::930 Geschichte des Altertums bis ca. 499, Archäologie

description: Despite decades of lively debate about Taiwan’s role in the spread of early agriculture, crops and cultivation practices to the Indo-Pacific region, there is little archaeobotanical data from the island. Here we present the first directly dated and systematically analysed macrobotanical records from Taiwan obtained by flotation at the archaeological site Sanbaopi 5 (23°07′03′′N, 120°15′32′′E), representing the Dahu (1400 BCE–100 CE) and Niaosong (100–1400 CE) culture periods. The results suggest that Middle Dahu (900–100 BCE) communities in the study area practiced rainfed crop cultivation with mainly foxtail (Setaria italica) and broomcorn (Panicum miliaceum) millet and rice (Oryza sativa). Pulses (Vigna angularis, Glycine soja/max) were also part of the subsistence of local farmers and used as supplementary food and/or green manure. The archaeobotanical record together with archaeological site data for prehistoric China substantiates evidence that the Dahu culture originates in the Lower Yellow River region and migrated to Taiwan along the East China Sea coast. The emergence of the Dahu culture coincided with the spread of mixed millet-rice farming to the Korean Peninsula and Japan and was possibly related to enhanced economic and political expansion of the Shang and Western Zhou dynasties and the long-term weakening of summer monsoon precipitation. Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) and mung bean (V. radiata var. radiata) assemblages from the sixth century CE Niaosong period highlight the influx of goods, crops, knowledge and people from South and Southeast Asia via southern routes in the context of enhanced exchange across the South China Sea region.
A Feature Subset Selection Algorithm Automatic Recommendation Method
Creators: name: Wang, Guangtao
name: Song, Qinbao
name: Sun, Heli
name: Zhang, Xueying
name: Xu, Baowen
name: Zhou, Yuming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Many feature subset selection (FSS) algorithms have been proposed, but not all of them are appropriate for a given feature selection problem. At the same time, so far there is rarely a good way to choose appropriate FSS algorithms for the problem at hand. Thus, FSS algorithm automatic recommendation is very important and practically useful. In this paper, a meta learning based FSS algorithm automatic recommendation method is presented. The proposed method first identifies the data sets that are most similar to the one at hand by the k-nearest neighbor classification algorithm, and the distances among these data sets are calculated based on the commonly-used data set characteristics. Then, it ranks all the candidate FSS algorithms according to their performance on these similar data sets, and chooses the algorithms with best performance as the appropriate ones. The performance of the candidate FSS algorithms is evaluated by a multi-criteria metric that takes into account not only the classification accuracy over the selected features, but also the runtime of feature selection and the number of selected features. The proposed recommendation method is extensively tested on 115 real world data sets with 22 well-known and frequently-used different FSS algorithms for five representative classifiers. The results show the effectiveness of our proposed FSS algorithm recommendation method.
LA QUESTIONE PROPRIETARIA NEI TERRITORI DI SAN PIETRO. DALL'INDIVIDUALISMO AGRARIO DEL SECOLO XIX AL RECUPERO DEL PROTAGONISMO COMUNITARIO
Creators: name: ROSATI, SIMONE
Publisher: name: Universit� degli Studi di Milano
Year: 2017

description: The aim of this study is, as the title of the research makes clear, the ownership issue in the territories of Saint Peter, implying with this expression the legal discussion about the notion of property in its two different perspectives: the private property and the collective property. In terms of time, the study runs from the 18th century ? period in which the owner issue was discussed across Europe ? to the present day. In terms of geographical location, the research focuses on the territories of Saint Peter whose borders coincide approximately with those of central Italy. The work will present, as the sub-title suggests, a constantly evolving itinerary in understanding of the ownership issue. The end point of this itinerary will be the recovery of the community dimension in the relationship with the environment as an alternative to private property.