cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
ML-Doctor: Holistic Risk Assessment of Inference Attacks Against Machine Learning Models
Creators: name: Liu, Yugeng
name: Wen, Rui
name: Xinlei.He
name: Salem, Ahmed
name: Zhang, Zhikun
name: Backes, Michael
name: Cristofaro, Emiliano De
name: Fritz, Mario
name: Zhang, Yang
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Inference attacks against Machine Learning (ML) models allow adversaries to learn information about training data, model parameters, etc. While researchers have studied these attacks thoroughly, they have done so in isolation. We lack a comprehensive picture of the risks caused by the attacks, such as the different scenarios they can be applied to, the common factors that influence their performance, the relationship among them, or the effectiveness of defense techniques. In this paper, we fill this gap by presenting a first-of-its-kind holistic risk assessment of different inference attacks against machine learning models. We concentrate on four attacks - namely, membership inference, model inversion, attribute inference, and model stealing - and establish a threat model taxonomy. Our extensive experimental evaluation conducted over five model architectures and four datasets shows that the complexity of the training dataset plays an important role with respect to the attack's performance, while the effectiveness of model stealing and membership inference attacks are negatively correlated. We also show that defenses like DP-SGD and Knowledge Distillation can only hope to mitigate some of the inference attacks. Our analysis relies on a modular re-usable software, ML-Doctor, which enables ML model owners to assess the risks of deploying their models, and equally serves as a benchmark tool for researchers and practitioners.
Popular and Mobile: Reflections on Using YouTube as an Archive from an African Studies Perspective
Creators: name: Englert, Birgit
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2016

description: In this paper I reflect on the characteristics of YouTube as an archive, with a focus on its relevance for African Studies. I discuss the challenges of dealing with the audiovisual sources stored in this archive of popular culture and beyond, given the mobility that characterises the platform and its sources. I explore how to contextualise audiovisual sources found on YouTube and reflect on which ethical aspects need to be considered when using them for research purposes, and how to refer to them in citations.
supplementary material from Implications of different membrane compartmentalization models in particle-based in silico studies
Creators: name: Henning, Philipp
name: Köster, Till
name: Haack, Fiete
name: Burrage, Kevin
name: Uhrmacher, Adelinde M.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Computational Biology
classificationCode: 80110
subject: Simulation and Modelling

description: The supplementary material contains additional results on selecting a suitable timestep, the particle size's dependency on the fences' restrictive effect, and examples of different methods to implement probabilistic fences. Also, the parameters used for the individual simulations of this paper are listed.
Aero-Elastic Simulation Time Series of IWT7.5 Reference Turbine
Creators: name: Popko, Wojciech
Publisher: name: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Simulation Data
subject: Desing Load Cases
subject: Wind Turbine
subject: Blade Root Loads
subject: DDC::600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten

description: This set of time series comprises simulation time series of the IWT7.5 reference wind turbine (Revision 2.5) with an IPC controller. The turbine model is available online (first reference), a detailed description of the controller is part of the second reference. The signals of the files are WindSpeed, ElectricalPower, and pitch angles and loads of three blades.
Low frequency seeing and solar diameter measurements
Creators: name: Sigismondi, Costantino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The action of the atmospheric seeing is blurring, image stretching and image motion. This happens even to the image of the Sun which is more than half degree wide. Low frequency seeing components affect the solar diameter values measured either throught the drift-scan or the heliometer methods. We present evidences of image motion and stretching down to 0.001 Hz.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of the Third Galileo - Xu Guangqi meeting, October 11-15, 2011 National Astronomical Observatories - Beijing (China) The Sun, The Stars, The Universe and General Relativity
Repurposing Segmentation as a Practical LVI-NULL Mitigation in SGX
Creators: name: Giner, Lukas
name: Kogler, Andreas
name: Canella, Claudio
name: Schwarz, Michael
name: Gruss, Daniel
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Load Value Injection (LVI) uses Meltdown-type data flows in Spectre-like confused-deputy attacks. LVI has been demonstrated in practical attacks on Intel SGX enclaves, and consequently, mitigations were deployed that incur tremendous overheads of factor 2 to 19. However, as we discover, on fixed hardware LVI-NULL leakage is still present. Hence, to mitigate LVI-NULL in SGX enclaves on LVI-fixed CPUs, the expensive mitigations would still be necessary. In this paper, we propose a lightweight mitigation focused on LVI-NULL in SGX, LVI-NULLify. We systematically analyze and categorize LVI-NULL variants. Our analysis reveals that previously proposed mitigations targeting LVI-NULL are not effective. Our novel mitigation addresses this problem by repurposing segmentation, a fast legacy hardware mechanism that x86 already uses for every memory operation. LVI-NULLify consists of a modified SGX-SDK and a compiler extension which put the enclave in control of LVI-NULL-exploitable memory locations. We evaluate LVI-NULLify on the LVI-fixed Comet Lake CPU and observe a performance overhead below 10% for the worst case, which is substantially lower than previous defenses with a prohibitive overhead of 1220% in the worst case. We conclude that LVI-NULLify is a practical solution to protect SGX enclaves against LVI-NULL today.
The State of the SameSite: Studying the Usage, Effectiveness, and Adequacy of SameSite Cookies
Creators: name: Khodayari, Soheil
name: Pellegrino, Giancarlo
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Chromium-based browsers now restrict cookies' scope to a same-site context by changing the default policy for cookies, thus requiring developers to adapt their websites. The extent of the adoption and effectiveness of the SameSite policy has not been studied yet, and, in this paper, we undertake one of the first evaluations of the state of the SameSite cookie policy. We conducted a set of large-scale, longitudinal, both automated and manual measurements of the Alexa top 1K, 10K, 100K, and 500K sites across the main rollout dates of the SameSite policies, covering both SameSite usage and cross-site functionality breakage caused by the new default policy. Also, we performed an extensive evaluation of threats against the new Lax-by-default policy's effectiveness, looking at the adequacy of the coverage provided by the Lax policy and bypass caused by website developers' mistakes. Our study shows that the growth of sites using a SameSite policy has slowed down considerably after the enforcement dates. Then, the new Lax-by-default policy has affected about 19% of the functionalities implemented via cross-site requests without an explicit SameSite policy, most of which are for online ads. Third, our study observes a significant mismatch between the request contexts covered by Lax and the ones actually used by websites in the wild, making it possible to perform XS attacks also against popular websites such as Tumblr, Twitch, SoundCloud, Mailchimp, and Pixiv. Even when using Lax or Strict policies, much of their effectiveness depends on developers' awareness of SameSite policies' implications, who could introduce vulnerabilities or inconsistent policies, leading to SameSite policy bypasses. For example, we identified bypass in IMDB, Paypal, and Meetup. Also, we discovered a widespread SSO IdP abuse that attackers could use to attack target websites even when using stricter SameSite policies. Finally, in this paper, we also look at SameSite implementations in popular browsers and the default configuration in web frameworks.
Conformal higher-order viscoelastic fluid mechanics
Creators: name: Fukuma, Masafumi
name: Sakatani, Yuho
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a generally covariant formulation of conformal higher-order viscoelastic fluid mechanics with strain allowed to take arbitrarily large values. We give a general prescription to determine the dynamics of a relativistic viscoelastic fluid in a way consistent with the hypothesis of local thermodynamic equilibrium and the second law of thermodynamics. We then elaborately study the transient time scales at which the strain almost relaxes and becomes proportional to the gradients of velocity. We particularly show that a conformal second-order fluid with all possible parameters in the constitutive equations can be obtained without breaking the hypothesis of local thermodynamic equilibrium, if the conformal fluid is defined as the long time limit of a conformal second-order viscoelastic system. We also discuss how local thermodynamic equilibrium could be understood in the context of the fluid/gravity correspondence.
description: 26 pages; v2: minor corrections; v3: minor corrections, to appear in JHEP
How to Study Language Ideologies on the Basis of Digitally-mediated Texts from the Greater Swahili Area
Creators: name: Waldburger, Daniela
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2016

description: The idea of a ‘right’ or ‘wrong’ way of using language is closely linked to ideology and power. Digitally-mediated texts from the Swahili-speaking area will serve as an example of a stimulating resource for the study of language ideologies and related topics. On the basis of texts produced by governments and citizens of the Comorian and mainland Swahili-speaking areas, this article shows how the language practices of governments and citizens differ in terms of language choice when it comes to digitally-mediated texts. A brief illustration of these practices, based on texts from governments and community forums from the Swahili-speaking mainland (Kenya and Tanzania), and from the Comoro Islands, provides an insight into speech communities´ perceptions of language as a norm.
Shell model of superfluid turbulence
Creators: name: Wacks, D. H.
name: Barenghi, C. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superfluid helium consists of two inter-penetrating fluids, a viscous normal fluid and an inviscid superfluid, coupled by a mutual friction. We develop a two-fluid shell model to study superfluid turbulence. We investigate the energy spectra and the balance of fluxes between the two fluids as a function of temperature in continuously forced turbulence, and, in the absence of forcing, the decay of turbulence. We furthermore investigate deviations from the $k^{-5/3}$ spectrum caused by the mutual friction force. We compare our results with experiments and existing calculations. We find that, at sufficiently low temperatures a build-up of energy develops at high wavenumbers suggesting the need for a further dissipative effect, such as the Kelvin wave cascade and phonon emission.
description: 25 pages, 14 figures, to be published in PRB
Further resolution of the house mouse (Mus musculus) phylogeny by integration over isolation-with-migration histories
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: Speciation
Divergence
Population size
IMa3

description: © 2020 The Author(s). Background: The three main subspecies of house mice, Mus musculus castaneus, Mus musculus domesticus, and Mus musculus musculus, are estimated to have diverged ~ 350-500KYA. Resolution of the details of their evolutionary history is complicated by their relatively recent divergence, ongoing gene flow among the subspecies, and complex demographic histories. Previous studies have been limited to some extent by the number of loci surveyed and/or by the scope of the method used. Here, we apply a method (IMa3) that provides an estimate of a population phylogeny while allowing for complex histories of gene exchange. Results: Results strongly support a topology with M. m. domesticus as sister to M. m. castaneus and M. m. musculus. In addition, we find evidence of gene flow between all pairs of subspecies, but that gene flow is most restricted from M. m. musculus into M. m. domesticus. Estimates of other key parameters are dependent on assumptions regarding generation time and mutation rate in house mice. Nevertheless, our results support previous findings that the effective population size, N e, of M. m. castaneus is larger than that of the other two subspecies, that the three subspecies began diverging ~ 130 - 420KYA, and that the time between divergence events was short. Conclusions: Joint demographic and phylogenetic analyses of genomic data provide a clearer picture of the history of divergence in house mice.
XALQARO BUXGALTERIYA HISOBI VA ULARNING IQTISODIYOTGA TA'SIRI
Creators: name: Yuldasheva M.M
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: ushbu maqolada xalqaro buxgalteriya hisobi, xususan, Xalqaro moliyaviy hisobot standartlarining (XMHS) iqtisodiyotga ta’siri tahlil qilinadi. Statistika va xalqaro tajribalar asosida XMHSning xorijiy investitsiyalar hajmi, iqtisodiy o‘sish sur’atlari va moliyaviy shaffoflikka ta’siri yoritilgan. O‘zbekiston, Qozog‘iston va Polsha misolida solishtirma tahlil orqali xalqaro standartlarning makroiqtisodiy ko‘rsatkichlarga ijobiy ta’siri asoslab berilgan. Maqolada shuningdek XMHSni joriy etishdagi mavjud muammolar va ularni bartaraf etish bo‘yicha tavsiyalar ham keltirilgan.
Perturbation of synapsins homeostasis through HIV-1 Tat-mediated suppression of BAG3 in primary neuronal cells
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
Animals
Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins
Autophagy
Autophagy-Related Protein 5
Cells, Cultured
Down-Regulation
Homeostasis
Lysosomes
Mice, Transgenic
Models, Biological
Neurons
Oxidative Stress
Protein Aggregates
Protein Binding
RNA, Messenger
Rats
Synapsins
Synaptic Vesicles
Ubiquitination
tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus

description: © 2019, The Author(s). HIV-1 Tat is known to be released by HIV infected non-neuronal cells in the brain, and after entering neurons, compromises brain homeostasis by impairing pro-survival pathways, thus contributing to the development of HIV-associated CNS disorders commonly observed in individuals living with HIV. Here, we demonstrate that synapsins, phosphoproteins that are predominantly expressed in neuronal cells and play a vital role in modulating neurotransmitter release at the pre-synaptic terminal, and neuronal differentiation become targets for Tat through autophagy and protein quality control pathways. We demonstrate that the presence of Tat in neurons results in downregulation of BAG3, a co-chaperone for heat shock proteins (Hsp70/Hsc70) that is implicated in protein quality control (PQC) processes by eliminating mis-folded and damaged proteins, and selective macroautophagy. Our results show that treatment of cells with Tat or suppression of BAG3 expression by siRNA in neuronal cells disturbs subcellular distribution of synapsins and synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1) leading to their accumulation in the neuronal soma and along axons in a punctate pattern, rather than being properly distributed at axon-terminals. Further, our results revealed that synapsins partially lost their stability and their removal via lysosomal autophagy was noticeably impaired in cells with low levels of BAG3. The observed impairment of lysosomal autophagy, under this condition, is likely caused by cells losing their ability to process LC3-I to LC3-II, in part due to a decrease in the ATG5 levels upon BAG3 knockdown. These observations ascribe a new function for BAG3 in controlling synaptic communications and illuminate a new downstream target for Tat to elicit its pathogenic effect in impacting neuronal cell function and behavior.
CMS Workflow Execution using Intelligent Job Scheduling and Data Access Strategies
Creators: name: Hasham, Khawar
name: Peris, Antonio Delgado
name: Anjum, Ashiq
name: Evans, Dave
name: Hufnagel, Dirk
name: Huedo, Eduardo
name: Hernández, José M.
name: McClatchey, Richard
name: Gowdy, Stephen
name: Metson, Simon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Complex scientific workflows can process large amounts of data using thousands of tasks. The turnaround times of these workflows are often affected by various latencies such as the resource discovery, scheduling and data access latencies for the individual workflow processes or actors. Minimizing these latencies will improve the overall execution time of a workflow and thus lead to a more efficient and robust processing environment. In this paper, we propose a pilot job based infrastructure that has intelligent data reuse and job execution strategies to minimize the scheduling, queuing, execution and data access latencies. The results have shown that significant improvements in the overall turnaround time of a workflow can be achieved with this approach. The proposed approach has been evaluated, first using the CMS Tier0 data processing workflow, and then simulating the workflows to evaluate its effectiveness in a controlled environment.
description: 12 pages, 12 figures
R code: The eco-evolutionary dynamics of prior selfing rates promote coexistence without niche partitioning under conditions of reproductive interference
Creators: name: Katsuhara, R. Koki
name: Tachiki, Yuuya
name: Iritani, Ryosuke
name: Usimaru, Atushi
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: 1. Pollinator-mediated reproductive interference can occur when two or more plant species share the same pollinators. Recent studies have suggested that prior autonomous selfing mitigates reproductive interference, potentially facilitating coexistence even in the absence of pollination niche partitioning (i.e. the pre-emptive selfing hypothesis). However, whether the evolution of prior selfing promotes coexistence, in the context of the eco-evolutionary dynamics of population size, selfing rates, and inbreeding depression, remains poorly understood. 2. We constructed an individual-based model to examine the conditions under which the evolution of prior selfing promotes coexistence in the context of mutual reproductive interference. In the model, two plant species compete by way of mutual reproductive interference, and both have the potential to evolve the capacity for prior autonomous selfing. We expected that purging of deleterious mutations might result in evolutionary rescue, assuming that the strength of inbreeding depression declines as the population selfing rate increases; this would enable inferior competitors to maintain population density through the evolution of prior selfing. 3. Our simulation demonstrated that evolution of prior selfing may promote coexistence, whereas reproductive interference in the absence of such evolution results in competitive exclusion. We found that lower pollinator availability is likely to favour rapid evolutionary shifts to higher prior selfing rates, thereby neutralising the negative effects of reproductive interference in both species. When the strength of inbreeding depression decreased with an increase in the population-level selfing rate, moderate pollinator availability resulted in long-term coexistence in which relative abundance-dependent selection on the prior selfing rate served to intermittently maintain the population density of the inferior competitor. 4. Synthesis. We demonstrate that the evolution of prior selfing may increase population growth rates of inferior competitors and may consequently promote long-term coexistence via evolutionary rescue. This constitutes a novel mechanism explaining the co-evolutionary coexistence of closely related plant species without niche partitioning, and is consistent with recent studies reporting that closely related species with mixed mating systems can co-occur sympatrically, even under conditions of mutual reproductive interference.
Associations between weight misperception, contextual factors, and weight loss behaviours in young adult men with overweight/obesity
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2020
Subjects: race differences
weight loss
weight perception
young adults

description: © 2019 The Authors. Obesity Science & Practice published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, World Obesity and The Obesity Society. Objective: Young men are less likely to engage in weight loss behaviours than their female counterparts. This may be because of an increased likelihood for young men, particularly young black men, with overweight/obesity to misperceive their weight status. This study examined racial differences in weight status perception accuracy and associations between this perception and weight loss behaviours among young men. Associations between weight loss behaviours and contextual factors were also explored. Methods: Data from 1417 young adult (YA) men with overweight/obesity from the 2007 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analysed. Associations between weight status perception accuracy, contextual factors, and weight loss attempts and behaviours were examined with logistic regression. Results: YA men with overweight/obesity were more likely to report weight loss attempts and behaviours if they perceived themselves as being overweight (OR = 3.10; 95% CI, 2.18-4.41; P
What is the lived experience of growing up in an adopted family?
Creators: name: Lutz, Kevin Tyler
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Research in the field of adoption typically looks at risk factors and statistical outcomes for adoptees and their families while relatively little research has examined the lived experience from the perspective of the adopted person. The primary purpose of this study was to elicit a “story” from the perspective of participants about their experiences of growing up with the knowledge that they are adopted, and examine qualitatively how their life unfolds, and what it means for them. Six participants were interviewed in an open format interview using each participant’s pre-prepared timeline as a guide for the interview. Interviews were audio recorded and subsequently transcribed. The narratives created were analyzed using the theoretical framework of descriptive phenomenology. From a content analysis, seven major and interrelated themes emerged: (1) Uniqueness – a felt sense of a qualitative difference from non-adoptees; (2) Connection – to others who share the experience of being adopted; (3) Vulnerability – to the possible content of the information they may come across if / when actualizing their curiosities; (4) Incompleteness – a feeling that there is missing information about their lives; (5) Acute or hyper awareness to similarities and differences with family members – the desire to share a genetic background or to look like someone; (6) Gratitude to / compassion for biological and adopted families; (7) Curiosity – about ones origins. These themes, in light of the current literature, identify that while there may be a formula, as in the set of common themes, it is not necessarily a formula for traumatic loss, rather an opportunity to help identify issues adoptees may need to work on through natural evolution or clinical work. Future studies will be important in adding validity to the themes identified as well as identifying individual variables that may be important when considering their experiences of growing up in adopted families.
Re-Writing as Aesthetic Experiment: A Study of Achebe’s Early Novels
Creators: name: Ogene, Timothy
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2016

description: Since its publication in 1958, Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall continues to attract critical responses that analyse its reaction to colonial narratives about Africa. At the centre of these responses is Achebe’s position as an author who “writes back” to the canon; who, as John Thieme aptly puts it, crafts “revisionist fictional histories which attempt to recuperate Africa from negative Eurocentric construction” (Thieme 2001: 18). As one who “writes back,” Achebe is essentially received as a writer invested in replacing one narrative with another, like proponents of Negritude who “opposed essentialist European constructions of African identity by promoting a view of the distinctiveness and dignity of the African personality (...)” (Thieme 2001: 19). For Achebe in particular, resisting Eurocentric misrepresentation requires a replacement “of years of denigration” (Achebe 1988:44) with “an alternative historiography of the period in which European colonial society was establishing itself in West Africa” (Thieme 2001: 19). By articulating his mission as a writer, Achebe offers his critics a ready-made parameter for receiving his work. That ready-made parameter is further solidified by the rise of postcolonial theory, an alternative, non-Western field of critical inquiry which conveniently retains the reception of Achebe’s work the way he circumscribes it (as essentially postcolonial.) But one is forced to ask: are there no other ways to read and receive Achebe’s work outside prevailing preoccupations? Furthermore, must we insist on – and engage – the author’s articulated mission and circumscribed reason for writing?
Excitation-assisted nonadiabatic charge-transfer reaction in a mixed atom-ion system
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: physics.chem-ph

description: © 2019 American Physical Society. An important physical process unique to neutral-ion systems is the charge-transfer reaction. Here, we present measurements of and models for charge-transfer processes between cotrapped ultracold Ca atoms and Yb ions under well-controlled conditions. The theoretical analysis suggests the existence of three reaction mechanisms when lasers from a magneto-optical trap and an additional catalyst laser are present. We show that the near-degeneracy of the excited Ca(P11)+Yb+(S2) and Ca+(S2)+Yb(D23) asymptotic limits leads to large charge-transfer rate coefficients that can be controlled by changing the frequency of the catalyst laser and the ion temperature. Our model agrees with experimental rate-coefficient measurements between 50 mK and 1 K, with and without the catalyst laser, using just a single free parameter.
Additional file 1: of Severe ophthalmic manifestation in pituitary-involved granulomatosis with polyangiitis: a case report and literature review
Creators: name: Zhang, Xia
name: Xing, Bing
name: You, Hui
name: Wu, Huanwen
name: Zhong, Yong
name: Ma, Jin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Comparison of 2 isolated GPA cases. In this file, we compared ophthalmological and MRI changes, pituitary function and prognosis of the isolated case of pituitary GPA reported by GA Roberts and our case. (DOCX 15 kb)
Review Article. Sovereignty, Socialism and Development in Postcolonial Tanzania
Creators: name: Burton, Eric
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2016

description: Reviewed Articles: BJERK, Paul. 2015. Building a Peaceful Nation. Julius Nyerere and the Establishment of Sovereignty in Tanzania, 1960-1964. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer. 374 pp. ISBN: 978-1580465052. GREEN, Maia. 2014. The Development State. Aid, Culture and Civil Society in Tanzania, Woodbridge: James Currey. 217pp. ISBN: 978- 1847011084. LAL, Priya. 2015. African Socialism in Postcolonial Tanzania. Between the Village and the World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 278 pp. ISBN: 978-1107104525. SCHNEIDER, Leander. 2014. Government of Development. Peasants and Politicians in Postcolonial Tanzania, Bloomington: Indiana University Press. 234 pp. ISBN: 978-0253013996.
Policy change in aviation security, Canada and the United States, 1985-2005
Creators: name: Berry, Christopher John Philip
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 2007

description: Bibliography: p. 125-141
description: Civil aviation is an attractive target for criminals and terrorists in part because great harm can be done with relatively few resources. Why is it that some attacks against civil aviation prompt great change in government public policy towards aviation security, and others cause relatively little? Four independent variables were identified that cause the greatest variation in public risk perception in response to an attack: its size, target, nature of the perpetrators of the event, and ingenuity. The size and scope of policy change was categorized utilizing Hall's Order of Change model. It was found that events of large size, targeted against the state, by a credible and known perpetrators capable of repeating an ingenious attack causes the greatest shift in public risk perception, which results in the largest policy changes. The size and scope of policy change is proportional to changes in public risk perception.
Rezension von der Ausstellung "SchwarzÖsterreich. Die Kinder afroamerikanischer Besatzungssoldaten" sowie des Buches dazu.
Creators: name: Hofer, Lisa Marie
name: Spörker, Dominik
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2016

description: Rezension: Ausstellung „SchwarzÖsterreich. Die Kinder afroamerikanischer Besatzungsoldaten“. Kuratiert von ADLER, Tal/ ROHRBACH, Philipp/ WAHL, Niko, Österreichisches Museum für Volkskunde, Wien, 27.04.2016 – 21.08.2016. ADLER, Tal/ ROHRBACH, Philipp/ WAHL, Niko. 2016. SchwarzÖsterreich. Die Kinder afroamerikanischer Besatzungssoldaten. Wien: Löcker. 238 Seiten. ISBN 978-3-85409-802-7.
Facile strategy of fabricating multifunctional hydrogel with high performance based on hybrid graphene oxide and carbon nanotube
Creators: name: Chen, Jing
name: Teng, Na
name: Wen, Yong
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Here we report a facile strategy of fabricating multifunctional polyacrylamide(PAM) hydrogels based on hybrid graphene oxide (GO) sheets and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Compared to original PAM hydrogels cross-linked chemically with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), the hybrid hydrogels exhibit high mechanical strength (strength > 90 kPa and broken strain > 2000%), well adhesion, environmental stability, dye-loading capacity, and excellent self-healing property. This study provides a new insight for the preparation of functionalized hydrogels with carbon nano-materials, and the resultant material shows very promising performance for a range of applications.
AMD Prefetch Attacks through Power and Time
Creators: name: Lipp, Moritz
name: Gruss, Daniel
name: Schwarz, Michael
Publisher: name: CISPA
Year: 2023

description: Modern operating systems fundamentally rely on the strict isolation of user applications from the kernel. This isolation is enforced by the hardware. On Intel CPUs, this isolation has been shown to be imperfect, for instance, with the prefetch side-channel. With Meltdown, it was even completely circumvented. Both the prefetch side channel and Meltdown have been mitigated with the same software patch on Intel. As AMD is believed to be not vulnerable to these attacks, this software patch is not active by default on AMD CPUs. In this paper, we show that the isolation on AMD CPUs suffers from the same type of side-channel leakage. We discover timing and power variations of the prefetch instruction that can be observed from unprivileged user space. In contrast to previous work on prefetch attacks on Intel, we show that the prefetch instruction on AMD leaks even more information. We demonstrate the significance of this side channel with multiple case studies in real-world scenarios. We demonstrate the first microarchitectural break of (fine-grained) KASLR on AMD CPUs. We monitor kernel activity, e.g., if audio is played over Bluetooth, and establish a covert channel. Finally, we even leak kernel memory with 52.85 B/s with simple Spectre gadgets in the Linux kernel. We show that stronger page table isolation should be activated on AMD CPUs by default to mitigate our presented attacks successfully.
Phase separation dynamics in a two-dimensional magnetic mixture
Creators: name: Lichtner, K.
name: Archer, A. J.
name: Klapp, S. H. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on classical density functional theory (DFT), we investigate the demixing phase transition of a two-dimensional, binary Heisenberg fluid mixture. The particles in the mixture are modeled as Gaussian soft spheres, where one component is characterized by an additional classical spin-spin interaction of Heisenberg type. Within the DFT we treat the particle interactions using a mean-field approximation. For certain magnetic coupling strengths we calculate phase diagrams in the density-concentration plane. For sufficiently large coupling strengths and densities, we find a demixing phase transition driven by the ferromagnetic interactions of the magnetic species. We also provide a microscopic description (i.e., density profiles) of the resulting non-magnetic/magnetic fluid-fluid interface. Finally, we investigate the phase separation using dynamical density functional theory (DDFT), considering both nucleation processes and spinodal demixing.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures
PI3K/AKT Signaling in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtyping and Lymph Node Involvement
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Adult
Biomarkers, Tumor
Breast Neoplasms
Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
Carcinoma, Lobular
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Gene Expression Profiling
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Middle Aged
Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
Prognosis
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
Receptor, ErbB-2
Receptors, Estrogen
Receptors, Progesterone
Retrospective Studies
Survival Rate

description: © 2019 S. Bonin et al. Lymph node metastatic involvement persists to be among the most important predictors of recurrence and survival in breast carcinoma (BC). This study is aimed at investigating possible gene expression differences in primary BC between patients with or without lymph node involvement at the time of diagnosis. In a retrospective study, we investigated the potential prognostic role of 9 candidate biomarkers at the mRNA level in a cohort of 305 breast cancer patients, 151 lymph node-negative (LN-) and 154 lymph node-positive (LN+) individuals. The analyzed genes belonged to the RAS pathway (RAF1, ERBB2, PIK3CB, AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3), RB pathway (RB1 and CDK2), and cellular differentiation (KRT8). Their expression profiles were investigated by RT-qPCR and were correlated to immunohistochemically based molecular subtypes and BC clinical and pathological features. The differential expression of several genes in the primary tumor tissue was related to the LN involvement. Some of those genes, including PIK3CB, RB1, and AKT3, were more expressed in LN- BC patients, while some others, notably ERBB2 and AKT1, in LN+ ones. Among the candidate biomarkers, the expression levels of AKT isoforms influenced also patients' survival rates. In detail, higher expression levels of AKT1 and AKT2 negatively influenced overall patients' survival, and in particular, AKT2 expression levels defined a group of luminal B BC patients with shorter cancer-specific survival. On the contrary, longer cancer-specific survival was recorded in luminal A BC patients with higher expression levels of AKT3. That finding was also confirmed by Cox multivariate analysis. The same AKT3 resulted to be a possible candidate predictive biomarker for Tamoxifen response. In conclusion, our study highlighted the complex regulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway in BC and its differences in BC patients with and without lymph node involvement.
Rezension von WÖBCKE, Rita. 2015. Chinua Achebe.
Creators: name: Grau, Ingeborg
Publisher: name: Stichproben - Wiener Zeitschrift für kritische Afrikastudien / Vienna Journal of African Studies
Year: 2016

description: Rezension: WÖBCKE, Rita. 2015. Chinua Achebe. München: edition text + kritik. 175 Seiten. ISBN 978-3-86916-442-7.
MOESM1 of Microbial responses to transient shock loads of quaternary ammonium compounds with different length of alkyl chain in a membrane bioreactor
Creators: name: Zhang, Xingran
name: Ma, Jinxing
name: Chen, Mei
name: Wu, Zhichao
name: Wang, Zhiwei
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. Text sections (Section S1â S3), and Figures S1â S3 are included.
Crisis counselling online : building rapport with suicidal youth
Creators: name: Timm, Maria
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Despite a documented increase in the use of online counselling services by youth, little research has been conducted on how counsellors establish rapport in the absence of voice tone and conventional spoken language. As a result, no empirically validated guidelines exist for crisis counselling with youth online. Research shows that youth who access online services are often in extreme distress or suicidal. Youth’s increasing affinity for online communication, coupled with a lack of research in this area, necessitate an examination of how rapport is built online. The current study was a qualitative exploration of client-counsellor interactions in online crisis counselling sessions with suicidal youth. Data sources consisted of transcripts obtained from an online crisis chat service for youth. A collective case study was conducted, using content analysis of client-counsellor interactions followed by an examination of patterns across cases. It was found that tentative language, open-ended questions, and figurative language were used most in the Initial Contact phase and that interventions tended to be connection-building in nature. In the Risk Assessment phase, providing a context for questions, showing acceptance of coping methods, and statements of care were the most frequent interventions, and interventions tended to be connection-building in nature. In the Termination phase, summaries, questions about coping, expressions of care, and emoticons were used; connection-building and action-oriented types of interventions were both used. Overall, it was found that the counsellor tended to mirror the language patterns of the youth and that threats to rapport were handled with genuineness, often using informal language.
title: Ahitofel und die Ambivalenz des Ratschlags
Creators: name: Müllner, Ilse
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: 230
subject: Bibel. Altes Testament
subject: Bibel. Samuel, 2.
subject: Nebenperson
subject: Beratung
subject: Katholische Theologie

description: Enthält Beiträge des Symposium „Nebenfiguren des zweiten Samuelbuchs", September 2009 in Bern.
description: Publiziert mit Unterstützung des Schweizerischen Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
An effective method to reduce the interplay effects between respiratory motion and a uniform scanning proton beam irradiation for liver tumors: A case study
Creators: name: (:Unkn) Unknown
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2019
Subjects: adaptive therapy
proton therapy
respiratory motion
interplay effects

description: © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine. Purpose: For scanning particle beam therapy, interference between scanning patterns and interfield organ motion may result in suboptimal dose within target volume. In this study, we developed a simple offline correction technique for uniform scanning proton beam (USPB) delivery to compensate for the interplay between scanning patterns and respiratory motion and demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique in treating liver cancer. Methods: The computed tomography (CT) and respiration data of two patients who had received stereotactic body radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma were used. In the simulation, the relative beam weight delivered to each respiratory phase is calculated for each beam layer after treatment of each fraction. Respiratory phases with beam weights higher than 50% of the largest weight are considered “skipped phases” for the next fraction. For the following fraction, the beam trigger is regulated to prevent beam layers from starting irradiation in skipped phases by extending the interval between each layer. To calculate dose-volume histogram (DVH), the dose of the target volume at end-exhale (50% phase) was calculated as the sum of each energy layer, with consideration of displacement due to respiratory motion and relative beam weight delivered per respiratory phase. Results: For a single fraction, D1%, D99%, and V100% were 114%, 88%, and 32%, respectively, when 8 Gy/min of dose rate was simulated. Although these parameters were improved with multiple fractions, dosimetric inhomogeneity without motion management remained even at 30 fractions, with V100% 86.9% at 30 fractions. In contrast, the V100% values with adaptation were 96% and 98% at 20 and 30 fractions, respectively. We developed an offline correction technique for USPB therapy to compensate for the interplay effects between respiratory organ motion and USPB beam delivery. Conclusions: For liver tumor, this adaptive therapy technique showed significant improvement in dose uniformity even with fewer treatment fractions than normal USPB therapy.
MOESM4 of Prevalence, resistance pattern, and molecular characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from healthy animals and sick populations in Henan Province, China
Creators: name: Liu, Baoguang
name: Sun, Huarun
name: Pan, Yushan
name: Zhai, Yajun
name: Cai, Tian
name: Yuan, Xiaoling
name: Gao, Yanling
name: He, Dandan
name: Liu, Jianhua
name: Yuan, Li
name: Hu, Gongzheng
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology

description: Additional file 4: Table S4. Oligonucleotide sequences, primers, and targets for polymerase chain reaction amplification of virulence genes in S. aureus isolates.
Spitzer Infrared Observations and Independent Validation of the Transiting Super-Earth CoRoT-7b
Creators: name: Fressin, Francois
name: Torres, Guillermo
name: Pont, Frederic
name: Knutson, Heather A.
name: Charbonneau, David
name: Mazeh, Tsevi
name: Aigrain, Suzanne
name: Fridlund, Malcolm
name: Henze, Christopher E.
name: Guillot, Tristan
name: Rauer, Heike
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The detection and characterization of the first transiting super-Earth, CoRoT-7 b, has required an unprecedented effort in terms of telescope time and analysis. Although the star does display a radial velocity signal at the period of the planet, this has been difficult to disentangle from the intrinsic stellar variability, and pinning down the velocity amplitude has been very challenging. As a result, the precise value of the mass of the planet - and even the extent to which it can be considered to be confirmed - have been debated in the recent literature, with six mass measurements published so far based on the same spectroscopic observations, ranging from about 2 to 8 Earth masses. Here we report on an independent validation of the planet discovery, using one of the fundamental properties of a transit signal: its achromaticity. We observed four transits of CoRoT-7 b with Spitzer, in order to determine whether the depth of the transit signal in the near-infrared is consistent with that observed in the CoRoT bandpass, as expected for a planet. We detected the transit and found an average depth of 0.426 {\pm} 0.115 mmag at 4.5 μm, which is in good agreement with the depth of 0.350 {\pm} 0.011 mmag found by CoRoT. These observations place important constraints on the kinds of astrophysical false positives that could mimic the signal. Combining this with additional constraints reported earlier, we performed an exhaustive exploration of possible blends scenarios for CoRoT-7 b using the BLENDER technique. We are able to rule out the vast majority of false positives, and the remaining ones are found to be much less likely than a true transiting planet. We thus validate CoRoT-7 b as a bona-fide planet with a very high degree of confidence, independently of any radial-velocity information. Our Spitzer observations have additionally allowed us to significantly improve the ephemeris of the planet.
description: Accepted by ApJ