cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Disparities of Marginalized Pediatric and AYA Oncology Patients
Creators: name: Juanita Ramirez
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2020

description: The purpose of this review is to highlight the healthcare inequities faced by pediatric and adolescent young adult (AYA) oncology patients; highlighting disparities in treatment faced by racial/ethnic minorities, individual identifying as part of the LGBT+ (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, Queer and other sexualities and/or identities) population and those with differing abilities. We review known barriers and disparities that exist for these select groups and provide an overview of potential evidence-based changes that could be implemented to address some of these inequities.
Particle-in-Cell Laser-Plasma Simulation on Xeon Phi Coprocessors
Creators: name: Surmin, I. A.
name: Bastrakov, S. I.
name: Efimenko, E. S.
name: Gonoskov, A. A.
name: Korzhimanov, A. V.
name: Meyerov, I. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper concerns development of a high-performance implementation of the Particle-in-Cell method for plasma simulation on Intel Xeon Phi coprocessors. We discuss suitability of the method for Xeon Phi architecture and present our experience of porting and optimization of the existing parallel Particle-in-Cell code PICADOR. Direct porting with no code modification gives performance on Xeon Phi close to 8-core CPU on a benchmark problem with 50 particles per cell. We demonstrate step-by-step application of optimization techniques such as improving data locality, enhancing parallelization efficiency and vectorization that leads to 3.75 x speedup on CPU and 7.5 x on Xeon Phi. The optimized version achieves 18.8 ns per particle update on Intel Xeon E5-2660 CPU and 9.3 ns per particle update on Intel Xeon Phi 5110P. On a real problem of laser ion acceleration in targets with surface grating that requires a large number of macroparticles per cell the speedup of Xeon Phi compared to CPU is 1.6 x.
description: 16 pages, 3 figures
(3683) Mary Nesta Von Parpart
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Verbatim MME calculation methods from studies cited in the CDC pain Guideline, identified from a previous methods review
Creators: name: Dasgupta, Nabarun
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Verbatim extracts of methods used in the evidence base cited in the 2016 CDC Guideline for chronic non-cancer pain with opioids. 

Source documentation:
Ranapurwala SI, Naumann RB, Austin AE, Dasgupta N, Marshall SW. Methodologic limitations of prescription opioid safety research and recommendations for improving the evidence base. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2019 Jan;28(1):4-12. doi: 10.1002/pds.4564. Epub 2018 Jun 3. PMID: 29862602.
(3684) Olive Gregg
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
AN ASSESSMENT OF PRACTICE, PERFORMANCE AND CHALLENGES OF TAX ADMINISTRATION: IN THE CASE OF MINISTRY OF REVENUE, EASTERN ADDIS ABABA SMALL TAX PAYERS BRANCH
Creators: name: ZENEBE CHAKE
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019

description: The goal of this research is to study the practices, performance and challenges of tax administration in the Ministry of Revenue, Eastern Addis Ababa Small tax Payers branch office were the target population of the study. The total population of this study is 400. To achieve this objective, the researcher used primary and secondary sources of data. In order to get primary information, questionnaire and interview was taken. As important as the primary data, the researcher also collected essential data from secondary sources. Data that obtained through review of such documents help to address the research objectives of the study, and also the researcher used non-probability sampling techniques. Data collect from document review and interview interpreted qualitatively. The researcher concludes that the major findings of the study, the challenges of tax administration are skill gap of the employee and lack of awareness on the tax payer’s side. The organizations can solve these challenges by providing training for the employee so as to improve their skill and also continuous follow up should be made in the process of collecting the tax and enforce the tax payer to comply with the tax law
Technosignatures Gap List Study
Creators: name: Timmaraju, Virisha
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: Motivation and Objective: The ExEP (Exoplanet Exploration Program) is a program within NASA’s Astrophysics Division whose charter includes identification and development of key technologies to enable the discovery of habitable worlds. We are following up on the 2018 NASA Technosignatures (TS) Workshop report to inform the ExEP with a thorough survey of TS search approaches and to identify their specific technology needs. The final product will be a peer-reviewed, regularly updated database informing the ExEP and will be publicly available to the TS community.
 Approach: A survey of the TS literature for a complete list of search strategies will be conducted by reaching out to experts for detailed input. We will then identify Descriptors and Assessors to characterize the TS search approaches. Descriptors provide information describing the TS search approach. Assessors are factors such as potential figures of merit and technology needs. Next, we will prioritize the TS search techniques using a set of acceptable community criteria. Finally, a complete data capture including technology needs as well as other needs such as facilities, AI/ML will be performed. A panel of community experts will be assembled to independently review and provide feedback on all of the survey milestones.
 Status: We developed a list of potential users and information they might be interested in within this gap list. The purpose of this list is to aid with the development of descriptors and assessors that would benefit various kinds of users. A diverse panel of community experts has been assembled. A list of data fields and their definitions have been finalized based on reviews from the community experts. We have compiled a list of potential extraterrestrial activities and associated TS approaches.
(3685) Annie Hall
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Operation Warp Speed: implications for global vaccine security
Creators: name: Lall, B.
name: Kim, J.H.
name: Naniche, D.
name: Gilbert, S.
name: Bottazzi, M.E.
name: Ergonul, O.
name: Lancet Commission on COVID-19 Vaccines and Therapeutics Task Force Members
name: Yadav, P.
name: Batista, C.
name: Larson, H.
name: Wilder-Smith, A.
name: Hotez, P.
name: Shoham, S.
name: Strub-Wourgaft, N.
name: Hassanain, M.
name: Sheahan, T.
name: Gursel, M.
name: Kang, G.
name: Figueroa, J.P.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2021

description: Several global efforts are underway to develop COVID-19 vaccines, and interim analyses from phase 3 clinical testing have been announced by nine organisations: Pfizer, the Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm Group, Sinovac Biotech, Johnson & Johnson, Novavax, and CanSino Biologics. The US programme known as Operation Warp Speed provided US$18 billion in funding for development of vaccines that were intended for US populations. Depending on safety and efficacy, vaccines can become available through mechanisms for emergency use, expanded access with informed consent, or full licensure. An important question is: how will these Operation Warp Speed vaccines be used for COVID-19 prevention in global health settings? We address some key questions that arise in the transition from US to global vaccine prevention efforts and from ethical and logistical issues to those that are relevant to global vaccine security, justice, equity, and diplomacy. © 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license
Characterizing COVID-19 clinical phenotypes and associated comorbidities and complication profiles
Creators: name: Charles, A.
name: Usher, M.G.
name: Proper, J.
name: Helgeson, E.S.
name: Zolfaghari, E.J.
name: Ingraham, N.E.
name: Tignanelli, C.J.
name: Melton, G.B.
name: Lotfi-Emran, S.
name: Lupei, M.I.
name: Dudley, R.A.
name: Benson, B.
name: Siegel, L.
name: Lusczek, E.R.
name: Jones, E.
name: Chipman, J.G.
name: Karam, B.S.
Publisher: name: Public Library of Science
Year: 2021

description: Purpose Heterogeneity has been observed in outcomes of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Identification of clinical phenotypes may facilitate tailored therapy and improve outcomes. The purpose of this study is to identify specific clinical phenotypes across COVID-19 patients and compare admission characteristics and outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of COVID-19 patients from March 7, 2020 to August 25, 2020 at 14 U.S. hospitals. Ensemble clustering was performed on 33 variables collected within 72 hours of admission. Principal component analysis was performed to visualize variable contributions to clustering. Multinomial regression models were fit to compare patient comorbidities across phenotypes. Multivariable models were fit to estimate associations between phenotype and in-hospital complications and clinical outcomes. Results The database included 1,022 hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Three clinical phenotypes were identified (I, II, III), with 236 [23.1%] patients in phenotype I, 613 [60%] patients in phenotype II, and 173 [16.9%] patients in phenotype III. Patients with respiratory comorbidities were most commonly phenotype III (p = 0.002), while patients with hematologic, renal, and cardiac (all p<0.001) comorbidities were most commonly phenotype I. Adjusted odds of respiratory, renal, hepatic, metabolic (all p<0.001), and hematological (p = 0.02) complications were highest for phenotype I. Phenotypes I and II were associated with 7.30- fold (HR:7.30, 95% CI:(3.11-17.17), p<0.001) and 2.57-fold (HR:2.57, 95% CI:(1.10-6.00), p = 0.03) increases in hazard of death relative to phenotype III. Conclusion We identified three clinical COVID-19 phenotypes, reflecting patient populations with different comorbidities, complications, and clinical outcomes. Future research is needed to determine the utility of these phenotypes in clinical practice and trial design.
(3687) John Edward Holloway
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Cantor systems and quasi-isometry of groups
Creators: name: Medynets, Kostya
name: Sauer, Roman
name: Thom, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The purpose of this note is twofold. In the first part we observe that two finitely generated non-amenable groups are quasi-isometric if and only if they admit topologically orbit equivalent Cantor minimal actions. In particular, free groups if different rank admit topologically orbit equivalent Cantor minimal actions unlike in the measurable setting. In the second part we introduce the measured orbit equivalence category of a Cantor minimal system and construct (in certain cases) a representation of this category on the category of finite-dimensional vector spaces. This gives rise to novel fundamental invariants of the orbit equivalence relation together with an ergodic invariant probability measure.
description: incorporated referee's suggestions and corrections
Additional file 1 of Weekly group tummy time classes are feasible and acceptable to mothers with infants: a pilot cluster randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Hewitt, Lyndel
name: Stephens, Samantha
name: Spencer, Abbe
name: Stanley, Rebecca M.
name: Okely, Anthony D.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Bandura’s social cognitive theory – Intervention mapping
(3682) Mary Holzhausen
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Carbon dioxide and blood-feeding shift visual cue tracking during navigation in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Creators: name: Barredo, Elina
name: Raji, Joshua
name: Ramon, Michael
name: DeGennaro, Matthew
name: Theobald, Jamie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: insect vision
Insect Flight
Aedes aegypti
optomotor responses
Drosophila melanogaster

description: Hematophagous mosquitoes need a blood meal to complete their reproductive cycle. To accomplish this, female mosquitoes seek vertebrate hosts, land on them, and bite. As their eggs mature, they shift attention away from hosts and towards finding sites to lay eggs. We asked whether females were more tuned to visual cues when a host-related signal, carbon dioxide, was present, and further examined the effect of a blood meal, which shifts behavior to ovipositing. Using a custom, tethered-flight arena that records wing stroke changes while displaying visual cues, we found the presence of CO2 enhances visual attention towards discrete stimuli and improves contrast sensitivity for host-seeking Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Conversely, intake of a blood meal reverses vertical bar tracking, a stimulus that non-fed females readily follow. This switch in behavior suggests that physiological status modulates visual attention in mosquitoes, a phenomenon that has been described before in olfaction but not in visually-driven behaviors.
description: The analysis is written in Python3 and can be called from any interpreter such as Sypder or using a terminal command line. Feel free to contact Elina Barredo for further information about these files or the script. Funding provided by: National Science Foundation
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001
Award Number: IOS-1750833Funding provided by: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000030
Award Number: U01CK000510
description: We collected the steering responses of rigidly tethered flying insects by measuring their wingstroke dynamics in a virtual reality arena. Our system records the wing beat amplitude (V) and frequency (Hz) using two photodiode receivers under an infrared beam that illuminates flying subjects. The receivers record WBA changes in the shadow cast by the IR beam, which are saved as a binary file per experiment per insect. Voltage signal changes (WBA) represent insect steering efforts, where positive WBA values indicate right turns and negative ones suggest left turns. The Python code we provided can be used for analyzing our data and generating the plots that we have submitted with our article.
Patient-Powered Research Networks of the Autoimmune Research Collaborative: Rationale, Capacity, and Future Directions
Creators: name: Young, K.
name: Kolaczkowski, L.
name: Dobes, A.
name: Curtis, J.R.
name: Kappelman, M.D.
name: Shaw, D.G.
name: Nowell, W.B.
name: Cerciello, E.
name: Merkel, P.A.
name: McBurney, R.N.
name: Venkatachalam, S.
Publisher: name: Adis
Year: 2021

description: Patient-Powered Research Networks (PPRNs) are US-based registry infrastructures co-created by advocacy groups, patient research partners, academic investigators, and other healthcare stakeholders. Patient-Powered Research Networks collect information directly from patients to conduct and disseminate the results of patient-centered/powered research that helps patients make more informed decisions about their healthcare. Patient-Powered Research Networks gather and utilize real-world data and patient-reported outcomes to conduct comparative effectiveness, safety, and other research, and leverage the Internet to accomplish this effectively and efficiently. Four PPRNs focused on autoimmune and immune-mediated conditions formed the Autoimmune Research Collaborative: ArthritisPower (rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and other rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases), IBD Partners (inflammatory bowel disease), iConquerMS (multiple sclerosis), and the Vasculitis PPRN (vasculitis). The Autoimmune Research Collaborative aims to inform the healthcare decision making of patients, care partners, and other stakeholders, such as clinicians, regulators, and payers. Illustrated by practical applications from the Autoimmune Research Collaborative and its constituent PPRNs, this article discusses the shared capacities and challenges of the PPRN model, and the opportunities presented by collaborating across autoimmune conditions to design, conduct, and disseminate patient-centered outcomes research.
Directed transport in quantum star graphs
Creators: name: Yusupov, Jambul
name: Dolgushev, Maxim
name: Blumen, Alexander
name: Muelken, Oliver
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the quantum dynamics of Gaussian wave packets on star graphs whose arms feature each a periodic potential and an external time-dependent field. Assuming that the potentials and the field can be manipulated separately for each arm of the star, we show that it is possible to manipulate the direction of the motion of a Gaussian wave packet through the bifurcation point by a suitable choice of the parameters of the external fields. In doing so, one can achieve a transmission of the wave packet into the desired arm with nearly 70\% while also keeping the shape of the wave packet approximately intact. Since a star graph is the simplest element of many other complex graphs, the obtained results can be considered as the first step to wave packet manipulations on complex networks.
Additional file 1 of Magnitude of turnover intention and associated factors among nurses working in emergency departments of governmental hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional institutional based study
Creators: name: Wubetie, Andualem
name: Biniyam Taye
name: Biruk Girma
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Science Policy
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1:. Questionnaires.
(3679) Dorothea Hancock
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Isotope Anomalies in the Fe-group Elements in Meteorites and Connection to Nucleosynthesis in AGB Stars
Creators: name: Wasserburg, Gerald J.
name: Trippella, Oscar
name: Busso, Maurizio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effects of neutron captures in AGB stars on \oq Fe-group\cqb elements, with an emphasis on Cr, Fe, and Ni. These elements show anomalies in $^{54}$Cr, $^{58}$Fe, and $^{64}$Ni in solar-system materials, which are commonly attributed to SNe. However, as large fractions of the interstellar medium (ISM) were reprocessed in AGB stars, these elements were reprocessed, too. We calculate the effects of such reprocessing on Cr, Fe, and Ni through 1.5\msb and 3\msb AGB models, adopting solar and 1/3 solar metallicities. All cases produce excesses of $^{54}$Cr, $^{58}$Fe, and $^{64}$Ni, while the other isotopes are little altered; hence, the observations may be explained by AGB processing. The results are robust and not dependent on the detailed initial isotopic composition. Consequences for other \oq Fe group\cqb elements are then explored. They include $^{50}$Ti excesses, and some production of $^{46,47,49}$Ti. In many circumstellar condensates, Ti quantitatively reflects these effects of AGB neutron captures. Scatter in the data results from small variations (granularity) in the isotopic composition of the local ISM. For Si, the main effects are instead due to variations in the local ISM from different SNe sources. The problem of Ca is discussed, particularly with regard to $^{48}$Ca. The measured data are usually represented assuming terrestrial values for $^{42}$Ca/$^{44}$Ca. Materials processed in AGB stars or sources with variable initial $^{42}$Ca/$^{44}$Ca ratios can give apparent $^{48}$Ca excesses/deficiencies, attributed to SNe. The broader issue of Galactic Chemical Evolution is also discussed in view of the isotopic granularity in the ISM. \end{abstract}
Prevalent, protective, and convergent IgG recognition of SARS-CoV-2 non-RBD spike epitopes
Creators: name: Javanmardi, Kamyab
name: Voss, William N.
name: Boutz, Daniel R.
name: Kim, Jin Eyun
name: Person, Maria D.
name: Hou, Yixuan J.
name: Pickens, Whitney
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Delidakis, George
name: Ippolito, Gregory C.
name: Chou, Chia-Wei
name: Dye, John
name: Herbert, Andrew
name: Johnson, Nicole V.
name: Goike, Jule
name: Gollihar, Jimmy D.
name: Finkelstein, Ilya J.
name: McLellan, Jason S.
name: Gangappa, Shivaprakash
name: Tanno, Yuri
name: George, Katia
name: Pohl, Jan
name: Sambhara, Suryaprakash
name: Abbasi, Shawn A.
name: Towers, Dalton M.
name: Lee, Justin
name: Paresi, Chelsea J.
name: Rowe, Lori
name: Batra, Dhwani
name: Wang, Nianshuang
name: Billick, Daniel
name: Georgiou, George
name: McDaniel, Jonathan R.
name: Gadush, Michelle
name: Horton, Andrew P.
name: Bartzoka, Foteini
name: Lavinder, Jason J.
name: Iverson, Brent L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The molecular composition and binding epitopes of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that circulate in blood plasma following SARS-CoV-2 infection are unknown. Proteomic deconvolution of the IgG repertoire to the spike glycoprotein in convalescent subjects revealed that the response is directed predominantly (>80%) against epitopes residing outside the receptor-binding domain (RBD). In one subject, just four IgG lineages accounted for 93.5% of the response, including an N-terminal domain (NTD)-directed antibody that was protective against lethal viral challenge. Genetic, structural, and functional characterization of a multi-donor class of “public” antibodies revealed an NTD epitope that is recurrently mutated among emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. These data show that “public” NTD-directed and other non-RBD plasma antibodies are prevalent and have implications for SARS-CoV-2 protection and antibody escape.
Assessing the effect of beard hair lengths on face masks used as personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic
Creators: name: Chen, H.
name: Zeman, K.L.
name: Masood, S.
name: Tong, H.
name: Prince, S.E.
name: Bennett, W.D.
name: Berntsen, J.
name: Samet, J.M.
name: Clapp, P.W.
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2021

description: Background Globally, a large percentage of men keep a beard at least occasionally. Workplace regulations prohibit beards with N95 respirators, but there is little information on the effect of beards with face masks worn by the public for protection against SARS-CoV-2. Methods and findings We examined the fitted filtration efficiency (FFE) of five commonly worn protective face masks as a function of beard length following the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Quantitative Fit Test: N95 (respirator), KF94 and KN95, surgical/procedure, and cloth masks. A comparison using N95 respirators was carried out in shaven and bearded men. A detailed examination was conducted for beard lengths between 0 and 10 mm (0.5 mm increments). The effect of an exercise band covering the beard on FFE was also tested. Although N95 respirators showed considerable variability among bearded men, they had the highest FFE for beard lengths up to 10 mm. KF94 and KN95 masks lost up to 40% of their FFE. Procedure and cotton masks had poor performance even on bare skin (10–30% FFE) that did not change appreciably with beard length. Marked performance improvements were observed with an exercise band worn over the beard. Conclusions Though variable, N95 respirators offer the best respiratory protection for bearded men. While KF94 and KN95 FFE is compromised considerably by increasing beard length, they proved better options than procedure and cotton face masks. A simple exercise band improves FFE for face masks commonly used by bearded men during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Financial deepening and sectoral performance in emerging markets: evidence from the Nigerian agricultural and manufacturing sectors
Creators: name: Tabash, Mosab I.
name: Afolabi, Babatunde
name: Adelakun, Johnson
name: Astuwa, Ruth
name: Tabash, Mosab I.
name: Afolabi, Babatunde
name: Adelakun, Johnson
name: Astuwa, Ruth
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Agribusiness
subject: financial deepening
subject: sectoral growth
subject: agricultural sector
subject: manufacturing sector

description: Purpose. The formal sector in Nigeria has experienced some transformation in the last 20 years. This has led to advancement and deepening of sector. Despite the progression achieved in financial sector, it has not yielded the desired impacts on the economy as experienced in other emerging economies. Hence, this research assessed the advantageous effects of financial deepening on sectoral advancement in Nigeria. Methodology / approach. The research used the proxies of broad money (M2) to GDP ratio, and the ratio of credits to private sector to GDP for financial deepening. The data regarding time series were retrieved from Thomson Reuters DataStream and Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test and Johansen co integration approaches used for the long-oriented effects and Error Correction approach for short orientation estimation. Results. The impact of financial deepening was positive and statistically significant in explaining agricultural growth, but the performance of the manufacturing sector was not significantly impacted in the reviewed period, hence government should make efforts to reduce the interest rate on loan bestowed to the private sector. Originality / scientific novelty. The variables assortments have never been describing in the literature. Particularly, this study considers financial deepening as a significant determinant of sectoral development in the Nigerian context. Practical value / implications. According to the results of the study, it is recommended to increase credits to the manufacturing sector through specialized banks and ensures the growth of the financial industry in terms of provision of quality financial instruments, sound financial and money markets, and transparent legislation for healthy competition in the industry for better sectoral performance.
(3680) Marion Lloyd Harvey
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Emergent loop-nodal s$_\pm$-wave superconductivity in CeCu$_2$Si$_2$: similarities to the iron-based superconductors
Creators: name: Ikeda, Hiroaki
name: Suzuki, Michi-To
name: Arita, Ryotaro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Heavy-fermion superconductors are prime candidates for novel electron-pairing states due to the spin-orbital coupled degrees of freedom and electron correlations. Superconductivity in CeCu$_2$Si$_2$ discovered in 1979, which is a prototype of unconventional (non-BCS) superconductors in strongly correlated electron systems, still remains unsolved. Here we provide the first report of superconductivity based on the advanced first-principles theoretical approach. We find that the promising candidate is an $s_\pm$-wave state with loop-shaped nodes on the Fermi surface, different from the widely expected line-nodal $d$-wave state. The dominant pairing glue is magnetic but high-rank octupolar fluctuations. This system shares the importance of multi-orbital degrees of freedom with the iron-based superconductors. Our findings reveal not only the long-standing puzzle in this material, but also urge us to reconsider the pairing states and mechanisms in all heavy-fermion superconductors.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Alcohol‐Associated Liver Disease Before and After COVID‐19 – An Overview and Call for Ongoing Investigation
Creators: name: Verna, Elizabeth C.
name: Curtis, Brenda
name: Singal, Ashwani K.
name: Mandrekar, Pranoti
name: Moon, Andrew M.
name: Fix, Oren K.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacted a heavy toll on patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The collective burden of ALD and AUD was large and growing prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. There is accumulating evidence that this pandemic has had a large direct effect on these patients and is likely to produce indirect effects via delays in care, psychological strain, and increased alcohol use. Now a year into the pandemic, it is important that clinicians fully understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ALD and AUD. To fill existing gaps in knowledge, the scientific community must set research priorities for patients with ALD regarding their risk of COVID-19, prevention/treatment of COVID-19, changes in alcohol use during the pandemic, best use of AUD treatments in the COVID-19 era, and downstream effects of this pandemic on ALD. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has already inflicted disproportionate harms on patients with ALD and ongoing, focused research efforts will be critical to better understand the direct and collateral effects of this pandemic on ALD.
SARS-CoV-2 testing in North Carolina: Racial, ethnic, and geographic disparities
Creators: name: Keeler, C.
name: Bell, G.J.
name: Brandt, K.
name: Boyce, R.M.
name: Aiello, A.E.
name: Emch, M.
name: Wilson, E.
name: Goel, V.
name: Fleischauer, A.
name: Corbie-Smith, G.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Ltd
Year: 2021

description: SARS-CoV-2 testing data in North Carolina during the first three months of the state's COVID-19 pandemic were analyzed to determine if there were disparities among intersecting axes of identity including race, Latinx ethnicity, age, urban-rural residence, and residence in a medically underserved area. Demographic and residential data were used to reconstruct patterns of testing metrics (including tests per capita, positive tests per capita, and test positivity rate which is an indicator of sufficient testing) across race-ethnicity groups and urban-rural populations separately. Across the entire sample, 13.1% (38,750 of 295,642) of tests were positive. Within racial-ethnic groups, 11.5% of all tests were positive among non-Latinx (NL) Whites, 22.0% for NL Blacks, and 66.5% for people of Latinx ethnicity. The test positivity rate was higher among people living in rural areas across all racial-ethnic groups. These results suggest that in the first three months of the COVID-19 pandemic, access to COVID-19 testing in North Carolina was not evenly distributed across racial-ethnic groups, especially in Latinx, NL Black and other historically marginalized populations, and further disparities existed within these groups by gender, age, urban-rural status, and residence in a medically underserved area.
Simulation of the Earth Radio-leakage from mobile towers as seen from selected nearby stellar systems
Creators: name: Saide, Ramiro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: Mobile communication towers represent a relatively new but important contributor to the total radio leakage associated with planet Earth. We investigate the overall power contribu- tion of mobile communication towers to the Earth’s radio leakage, as seen from a selection of different habitable exo-planets. We made use of publicly available Geo-location data of mobile towers from the the world’s largest Open Database of GPS Cell Towers (OpenCelliD). The free and open source Qgis software was also used to create, edit, visualize, and analyze the geo-spacial information. We created a model of the total mobile tower radio leakage by gridding the surface of the planet into small, computationally manageable regions, assuming a simple integrated transmission pattern for the mobile antennas. In this model, these mobile tower regions rise and set as the Earth rotates. In this way, a dynamic power spectrum of the Earth was determined, summed over all cellular frequency bands. We calculated this dynamic power spectrum from four different viewing points – Barnard’s star, HD 95735 star and, Alpha Centauri A. Our preliminary results demonstrate that the peak power leaking into space from mobile towers is ∼ 4GW and this is associated with Western Europe. This leaks in the direction of HD 95735 star and corresponds to LTE mobile towers technology. The second most powerful leakage emission comes from West of Asia and Central Europe, following East of Africa and Australia, with power levels of 3.5 GW. We demonstrate that the mobile tower leakage is periodic, direction dependent, and that these could not be detected by a nearby civilisation located within 10 light years of the Earth, using instrumentation with a sensitivity similar to the Green Bank Telescope. With this model, we intend to expand our simulations to include anticipated 5G mobile systems, radar installations, ground based up-links (including the Deep Space Network), and various types of satellite services, including low-Earth orbit constellations such as the Starlink and OneWeb.
Novel non-local effects in three-terminal hybrid devices with quantum dot
Creators: name: Michalek, G.
name: Domanski, T.
name: Bulka, B. R.
name: Wysokinski, K. I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict strong non-local effects in the three-terminal hybrid device, comprising the quantum dot embedded between two conducting leads and third superconducting reservoir. They result from competition between the ballistic electron transfer and the crossed Andreev scattering. The non-local voltage induced in response to the 'driving' current changes the magnitude and sign upon varying the gate potential and/or coupling to the superconducting lead. Such effect is robust both in the linear and non-linear regimes, where the screening and the long-range interactions play significant role. This novel subgap transport is provided by the Shiba states and can be contrasted with much weaker non-local effects observed hitherto in the three-terminal 'planar' junctions.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Comparative outcomes between COVID-19 and influenza patients placed on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe ARDS
Creators: name: Reid, Trista D.
name: Raff, Lauren A.
name: Schneider, Andrew B.
name: Gallaher, Jared R.
name: Raff, Evan J.
name: Johnson, Daniel
name: Charles, Anthony G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Background ECMO is an established supportive adjunct for patients with severe, refractory ARDS from viral pneumonia. However, the exact role and timing of ECMO for COVID-19 patients remains unclear. Methods We conducted a retrospective comparison of the first 32 patients with COVID-19-associated ARDS to the last 28 patients with influenza-associated ARDS placed on V-V ECMO. We compared patient factors between the two cohorts and used survival analysis to compare the hazard of mortality over sixty days post-cannulation.Results COVID-19 patients were older (mean 47.8 vs. 41.2 years, p = 0.033), had more ventilator days before cannulation (mean 4.5 vs. 1.5 days, p < 0.001). Crude in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the COVID-19 cohort at 65.6% (n = 21/32) versus 36.3% (n = 11/28, p = 0.041). The adjusted hazard ratio over sixty days for COVID-19 patients was 2.81 (95% CI 1.07, 7.35) after adjusting for age, race, ECMO-associated organ failure, and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Conclusion ECMO has a role in severe ARDS associated with COVID-19 but providers should carefully weigh patient factors when utilizing this scarce resource in favor of influenza pneumonia.
(3681) Grace Unity Baines
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Re-engineering The Clinical Research Enterprise in Response to COVID-19: The Clinical Translational Science Award (CTSA) experience and proposed playbook for future pandemics
Creators: name: Buse, John B.
name: Zand, Martin S.
name: Coller, Barry S.
name: Kimberly, Robert P.
name: Powderly, William G.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the clinical research enterprises at the 60 Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) Hubs throughout the nation. There was simultaneously a need to expand research to obtain crucial data about disease prognosis and therapy and enormous limitations on conducting research as localities and institutions limited travel and person-to-person contact. These imperatives resulted in major changes in the way research was conducted, including expediting Institutional Review Board review, shifting to remote interactions with participants, centralizing decision-making in prioritizing research protocols, establishing biobanks, adopting novel informatics platforms, and distributing study drugs in unconventional ways. National CTSA Steering Committee meetings provided an opportunity to share best practices and develop the idea of capturing the CTSA program experiences in a series of papers. Here we bring together the recommendations from those papers in a list of specific actions that research sites can take to strengthen operations and prepare for similar future public health emergencies. Most importantly, creative innovations developed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic deserve serious consideration for adoption as new standards, thus converting the painful trauma of the pandemic into “post-traumatic growth” that makes the clinical research enterprise stronger, more resilient, and more effective.
Parity Horizons in Shape Dynamics
Creators: name: Herczeg, Gabriel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I introduce the notion of a parity horizon, and show that many simple solutions of shape dynamics possess them. I show that the event horizons of the known asymptotically flat black hole solutions of shape dynamics are parity horizons and that this notion of parity implies that these horizons possess a notion of CPT invariance that can in some cases be extended to the solution as a whole. I present three new solutions of shape dynamics with parity horizons and find that not only event horizons become parity horizons in shape dynamics, but observer-dependent horizons and Cauchy horizons do as well. The fact that Cauchy horizons become (singular) parity horizons suggests a general chronology protection mechanism in shape dynamics that prevents the formation of closed time-like curves.
description: 26 pages, 4 figures, some typos and formatting issues fixed
Hypergraph models of biological networks to identify genes critical to pathogenic viral response
Creators: name: Kawaoka, Yoshihiro
name: Stratton, Kelly G.
name: Purvine, Emilie
name: Cockrell, Adam S.
name: Feng, Song
name: Bramer, Lisa M.
name: Baric, Ralph S.
name: Menachery, Vineet D.
name: Praggastis, Brenda
name: Waters, Katrina M.
name: Joslyn, Cliff
name: Sheahan, Timothy P.
name: Kvinge, Henry
name: Tan, Qing
name: Diamond, Michael S.
name: Fan, Shufang
name: Thackray, Larissa B.
name: Heath, Emily
name: Walters, Kevin B.
name: Eisfeld, Amie J.
name: McDermott, Jason E.
name: Heller, Natalie C.
name: Jefferson, Brett
name: Mitchell, Hugh D.
name: Kocher, Jacob F.
name: Sims, Amy C.
name: Halfmann, Peter J.
name: Westhoff‑Smith, Danielle
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2021

description: Background: Representing biological networks as graphs is a powerful approach to reveal underlying patterns, signatures, and critical components from high-throughput biomolecular data. However, graphs do not natively capture the multi-way relationships present among genes and proteins in biological systems. Hypergraphs are generalizations of graphs that naturally model multi-way relationships and have shown promise in modeling systems such as protein complexes and metabolic reactions. In this paper we seek to understand how hypergraphs can more faithfully identify, and potentially predict, important genes based on complex relationships inferred from genomic expression data sets. Results: We compiled a novel data set of transcriptional host response to pathogenic viral infections and formulated relationships between genes as a hypergraph where hyperedges represent significantly perturbed genes, and vertices represent individual biological samples with specific experimental conditions. We find that hypergraph betweenness centrality is a superior method for identification of genes important to viral response when compared with graph centrality. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the utility of using hypergraphs to represent complex biological systems and highlight central important responses in common to a variety of highly pathogenic viruses.
(3677) Hibbert Richard Newton
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.