cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Recovering the second moment of the strain distribution from neutron Bragg edge data
Creators: name: Fogarty, Kyle
name: Ametova, Evelina
name: Burca, Genoveva
name: Korsunsky, Alexander M.
name: Schmidt, Søren
name: Withers, Philip J.
name: Lionheart, William R. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Point by point strain scanning is often used to map the residual stress (strain) in engineering materials and components. However, the gauge volume and hence spatial resolution is limited by the beam defining apertures and can be anisotropic for very low and high diffraction (scattering) angles. Alternatively, wavelength resolved neutron transmission imaging has a potential to retrieve information tomographically about residual strain induced within materials through measurement in transmission of Bragg edges - crystallographic fingerprints whose locations and shapes depend on microstructure and strain distribution. In such a case the spatial resolution is determined by the geometrical blurring of the measurement setup and the detector point spread function. Mathematically, reconstruction of strain tensor field is described by the longitudinal ray transform; this transform has a non-trivial null-space, making direct inversion impossible. A combination of the longitudinal ray transform with physical constraints was used to reconstruct strain tensor fields in convex objects. To relax physical constraints and generalise reconstruction, a recently introduced concept of histogram tomography can be employed. Histogram tomography relies on our ability to resolve the distribution of strain in the beam direction, as we discuss in the paper. More specifically, Bragg edge strain tomography requires extraction of the second moment (variance about zero) of the strain distribution which has not yet been demonstrated in practice. In this paper we verify experimentally that the second moment can be reliably measured for a previously well characterised aluminium ring and plug sample. We compare experimental measurements against numerical calculation and further support our conclusions by rigorous uncertainty quantification of the estimated mean and variance of the strain distribution.
A budget impact analysis of the introduction of erythropoiesis stimulating agent subsequent entry biologics for the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease in Canada
Creators: name: Tsao, Nicole W
name: Lo, Clifford
name: Leung, Marianna
name: Marin, Judith G
name: Martinusen, Dan
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: In Europe, epoetin subsequent entry biologics (SEBs) have been in use since 2007. Canadian patents of erythropoietin stimulating agents are expiring in 2014, therefore it is predicted that epoetin SEBs will penetrate the Canadian market in the near future. Objective: To estimate the economic impact and costs offsets associated with the uptake and use of one or more epoetin SEBs in Canada for the treatment of anemia in chronic kidney disease. Design: A Canada-wide epidemiological-based budget impact analysis was conducted to estimate cost outcomes under two scenarios: with and without the availability of epoetin SEB. Setting: The analysis was conducted from the perspective of the Canadian healthcare payer, over a 5-year time horizon from 2015 to 2019. Patients: Patients included in the model were those with chronic kidney disease stages 3 to 5, who have renal anemia and require treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents. Methods: Only direct medical costs pertaining to drug acquisition of currently available erythropoietin stimulating agents in Canada were incorporated in the model. Cost of epoetin SEBs, market shares, uptake rates, and other model inputs were estimated from published sources or databases. No discounting of future costs was applied. Results: Based on our analysis, under market phenomena similar to those seen in the Europe and without considering potential switching from originator epoetin to epoetin SEB, we could expect that Canadian adoption of epoetin SEBs could result in $35 million (2013 CAD, year 1) to $50 million (year 5) cost savings annually, with cumulative savings of $221 million after 5 years. In one-way sensitivity analyses, model variables with substantial impact on cost savings were the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and epoetin SEB uptake rates. Limitations: We did not take into account costs associated with overhead, administration, or adverse events. Conclusion: The advent of SEBs represents an opportunity to relieve financial pressure in our healthcare system. Under the assumption that the efficacy and safety of epoetin SEBs are non-inferior to originator products, we have shown that the adoption of epoetin SEBs can lead to cost savings for the Canadian payer.
Flavorful Electroweak Precision Observables in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory
Creators: name: Dawson, Sally
name: Giardino, Pier Paolo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Electroweak precision observables (EWPO) measured at the W and Z poles provide stringent limits on possible beyond the Standard Model physics scenarios. In an effective field theory (EFT) framework, the next-to-leading order QCD and electroweak results for EWPO yield indirect limits on possible 4-fermion operators that do not contribute to the observables at tree level. Here we calculate the next-to-leading corrections to EWPO induced by flavor non-universal 4-fermion interactions and find that the extracted limits on EFT coefficients have a strong dependence on the flavor structure of the 4-fermion operators.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables
Quantum Entangled Biogenesis The Role of Non-Local Information Transfer in the Universal Expansion of Life
Creators: name: Cacci, Marco
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025

description: The Quantum Entangled Biogenesis theory proposes that life spreads across the universe not through physical panspermia, but via quantum information transfer. A Quantum Bioserver stores biological data, which emerges where conditions are suitable, guided by quantum entanglement. The key challenge—decoherence over vast distances—is addressed by gravitational waves, acting as stabilizers for entangled states. The theory suggests that consciousness arises as an emergent property of this entangled quantum network. DNA may function as quantum software, "downloaded" rather than transported. If true, life is inevitable and self-organizing on cosmic scales. Future tests could explore quantum coherence in prebiotic chemistry or look for quantum signatures in cosmic radiation. This radical model challenges traditional views of evolution, life, and intelligence. It speculates that interstellar travel could be obsolete if consciousness can "jump" via quantum entanglement.
Operator overlaps in harmonic oscillator bases with different oscillator lengths
Creators: name: Robledo, L. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We apply a formalism recently developed to carry out Generator Coordinate Method calculations using a set of Hartree- Fock- Bogoliubov wave functions, where each of the members of the set can be expanded in an arbitrary basis. In this paper it is assumed that the HFB wave functions are expanded in Harmonic Oscillator (HO) bases with different oscillator lengths. General expressions to compute the required matrix elements of arbitrary operators are given. The application of the present formalism to the case of fission is illustrated with an example.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures
Tuning of Multicell Superconducting Accelerating Cavities using Pressurized Balloons
Creators: name: Awida, Mohamed H.
name: Passarelli, Donato
name: Castellari, Marco
name: Tesi, Alessandro
name: Khabiboulline, Timergali
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Plastic tuning of multicell superconducting accelerating cavities is crucial in the development cycle of cavities for particle accelerators. Cavities must meet stringent requirements regarding the operating mode frequency, field flatness, and eccentricity before lining them up in a cryomodule string. After dressing bare cavities with helium vessels, the welded vessel prevents access to individual cavity cells disallowing any further localized tuning. Currently, there is no straightforward way to tune dressed cavities other than cutting the vessel and then tuning the bare cavity and dressing it back, which would significantly impact cost and schedule. In this paper, we present a novel tuning technique for already jacketed cavities that is non-invasive and cost-effective. The proposed scheme employs pressurized balloons to be temporarily deployed inside the cavity as a means to localize mechanical deformation in specific cells. The proposed tuning technique was successfully utilized to recover a 9-cell 1.3 GHz tesla-style cavity.
Role of collective information in networks of quantum operating agents
Creators: name: Yukalov, V. I.
name: Yukalova, E. P.
name: Sornette, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A network of agents is considered whose decision processes are described by the quantum decision theory previously advanced by the authors. Decision making is done by evaluating the utility of alternatives, their attractiveness, and the available information, whose combinations form the probabilities to choose a given alternative. As a result of the interplay between these three contributions, the process of choice between several alternatives is multimodal. The agents interact by exchanging information, which can take two forms: (i) information that an agent can directly receive from another agent and (ii) information collectively created by the members of the society. The information field common to all agents tends to smooth out sharp variations in the temporal behaviour of the probabilities and can even remove them. For agents with short-term memory, the probabilities often tend to their limiting values through strong oscillations and, for a range of parameters, these oscillations last for ever, representing an ever lasting hesitation of the decision makers. Switching on the information field makes the amplitude of the oscillations smaller and even can halt the everlasting oscillations forcing the probabilities to converge to fixed limits. The dynamic disjunction effect is described.
description: Latex file, 37 pages, 10 figures
Design considerations and performance analysis of fiber laser array system for structuring orbital angular momentum beams
Creators: name: Hou, Tianyue
name: Chang, Qi
name: Long, Jinhu
name: Ma, Pengfei
name: Zhou, Pu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Since the advent of optical orbital angular momentum (OAM), advances in the generation and manipulation of OAM beams have continuously impacted on intriguing applications including optical communication, optical tweezers, and remote sensing. To realize the generation of high-power and fast switchable OAM beams, coherent combining of fiber lasers offers a promising way. Here in this contribution, we comprehensively investigate the coherent fiber laser array system for structuring OAM beams in terms of the design considerations and performance analysis. The performance metric and evaluation method of the laser array system are presented and introduced. Accordingly, the effect of the main sections of the laser array system, namely the high-power laser sources, emitting array configuration, and dynamic control system, on the performance of the output coherently combined OAM beams is evaluated, which reveals the system tolerance of perturbative factors and provides the guidance on system design and optimization. This work could provide beneficial reference on the practical implementation of spatially structuring high-power, fast switchable OAM beams with fiber laser arrays.
'You have to be Anglo and not look like me': identity and belonging among young women of Turkish and Latin American backgrounds in Melbourne, Australia
Creators: name: Zevallos, Zuleyka
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: This study examines the ethnic identities of 50 second-generation migrant-Australian women aged 17-28 years. Twenty-five women were from Turkish backgrounds and 25 women were from South and Central American (or 'Latin') backgrounds. The overwhelming majority of the women interviewed for this study had travelled extensively to their families' countries of origin, and their experiences growing up in Australia alongside their ongoing overseas visits shed light on transnational ties and the negotiation of ethnicity and belonging in the Australian multicultural context. A typology of the women's migrant-Australian identities highlights the differences and similarities of experiences among the women in both groups, and reveals the role of social context in shaping identity. Islam was a primary source of identification for most of the Turkish women, as a form of pan-ethnic identity. Participants exhibited a good deal of agency in their identity choices, and this was specifically connected to their transnational positioning. However, while most of the women took on a transnational identity to some degree, their experiences of racism and social exclusion reproduced an ambivalent sense of belonging to Australia. Their sense of being allowed to belong 'where they are at' remained salient to the ways in which they constructed their identities.
Mean-field model for the Curie-Weiss temperature dependence of coherence length in metallic liquids
Creators: name: Lieou, Charles K. C.
name: Egami, Takeshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The coherence length of the medium-range order (MRO) in metallic liquids is known to display a Curie-Weiss temperature dependence; its inverse is linearly related to temperature, and when extrapolated from temperatures above the glass transition, the coherence length diverges at a negative temperature with a critical exponent of unity. We propose a mean-field pseudospin model that explains this behavior. Specifically, we model the atoms and their local environment as Ising spins with antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. We further superimpose an exchange interaction between dynamical heterogeneities, or clusters of atoms undergoing cooperative motion. The coherence length in the metallic liquid is thus the correlation length between dynamical heterogeneities. Our results reaffirm the idea that the MRO coherence length is a measure of point-to-set correlations, and that local frustrations in the interatomic interactions are prominent in metallic liquids.
Glycoside Hydrolase Activities in Cell Walls of Sclerenchyma Cells in the Inflorescence Stems of Arabidopsis thaliana Visualized in Situ
Creators: name: Banasiak, Alicja
name: Ibatullin, Farid M.
name: Brumer, Harry
name: Mellerowicz, Ewa J.
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: Techniques for in situ localization of gene products provide indispensable information for understanding biological function. In the case of enzymes, biological function is directly related to activity, and therefore, knowledge of activity patterns is central to understanding the molecular controls of plant development. We have previously developed a novel type of fluorogenic substrate for revealing glycoside hydrolase activity in planta, based on resorufin β-glycosides Here, we explore a wider range of such substrates to visualize glycoside hydrolase activities in Arabidopsis inflorescence stems in real time, especially highlighting distinct distribution patterns of these activities in the secondary cell walls of sclerenchyma cells. The results demonstrate that β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-glucanase and β-1,4-galactosidase activities accompany secondary wall deposition. In contrast, xyloglucanase activity follows a different pattern, with the highest signal observed in mature cells, concentrated in the middle lamella. These data further the understanding of the process of cell wall deposition and function in sclerenchymatic tissues of plants.
Time-varying microwave photonic filter for arbitrary waveform signal-to-noise ratio improvement
Creators: name: Ma, Dong
name: Chen, Yang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: A time-varying microwave photonic filter (TV-MPF) based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) is proposed and utilized to suppress the in-band noise of broadband arbitrary microwave waveforms, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The filter-controlling signal is designed according to the signal to be filtered and drives the TV-MPF so that the passband of the filter is always aligned with the frequencies of the signal to be filtered. By continuously tracking the signal spectral component, the TV-MPF only retains the spectral components of the signal and filters out the noise other than the spectral component of the signal at the current time, so as to improve the in-band SNR of the signal to be filtered. An experiment is performed. A variety of signals with different formats and in-band SNRs are used to test the noise suppression capability of the TV-MPF, and the waveform mean-square error is calculated to quantify the improvement of the signal, demonstrating the excellent adaptability of the proposed TV-MPF to different kinds of signals.
description: 8 pages, 5 figures
Unmixing based PAN guided fusion network for hyperspectral imagery
Creators: name: Li, Shuangliang
name: Tian, Yugang
name: Xia, Hao
name: Liu, Qingwei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: The hyperspectral image (HSI) has been widely used in many applications due to its fruitful spectral information. However, the limitation of imaging sensors has reduced its spatial resolution that causes detail loss. One solution is to fuse the low spatial resolution hyperspectral image (LR-HSI) and the panchromatic image (PAN) with inverse features to get the high-resolution hyperspectral image (HR-HSI). Most of the existing fusion methods just focus on small fusion ratios like 4 or 6, which might be impractical for some large ratios' HSI and PAN image pairs. Moreover, the ill-posedness of restoring detail information in HSI with hundreds of bands from PAN image with only one band has not been solved effectively, especially under large fusion ratios. Therefore, a lightweight unmixing-based pan-guided fusion network (Pgnet) is proposed to mitigate this ill-posedness and improve the fusion performance significantly. Note that the fusion process of the proposed network is under the projected low-dimensional abundance subspace with an extremely large fusion ratio of 16. Furthermore, based on the linear and nonlinear relationships between the PAN intensity and abundance, an interpretable PAN detail inject network (PDIN) is designed to inject the PAN details into the abundance feature efficiently. Comprehensive experiments on simulated and real datasets demonstrate the superiority and generality of our method over several state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods qualitatively and quantitatively (The codes in pytorch and paddle versions and dataset could be available at https://github.com/rs-lsl/Pgnet). (This is a improved version compared with the publication in Tgrs with the modification in the deduction of the PDIN block.)
Peptide Array on Cellulose Support—A Screening Tool to Identify Peptides with Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitory Activity within the Sequence of α-Lactalbumin
Creators: name: Lacroix, Isabelle Marie Estelle
name: Li-Chan, Eunice
Publisher: name: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Year: 2019

description: The inhibition of the enzyme dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) is an effective pharmacotherapeutic approach for the management of type 2 diabetes. Recent findings have suggested that dietary proteins, including bovine α-lactalbumin, could be precursors of peptides able to inhibit DPP-IV. However, information on the location of active peptide sequences within the proteins is far from being comprehensive. Moreover, the traditional approach to identify bioactive peptides from foods can be tedious and long. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use peptide arrays to screen α-lactalbumin-derived peptides for their interaction with DPP-IV. Deca-peptides spanning the entire α-lactalbumin sequence, with a frame shift of 1 amino acid between successive sequences, were synthesized on cellulose membranes using “SPOT” technology, and their binding to and inhibition of DPP-IV was studied. Among the 114 α-lactalbumin-derived decamers investigated, the peptides ⁶⁰WCKDDQNPHS⁶⁹ (αKi = 76 µM), ¹⁰⁵LAHKALCSEK¹¹⁴ (Ki = 217 µM) and ¹¹⁰LCSEKLDQWL¹¹⁹ (Ki = 217 µM) were among the strongest DPP-IV inhibitors. While the SPOT- and traditionally-synthesized peptides showed consistent trends in DPP-IV inhibitory activity, the cellulose-bound peptides’ binding behavior was not correlated to their ability to inhibit the enzyme. This research showed, for the first time, that peptide arrays are useful screening tools to identify DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from dietary proteins.
Random walks on complex networks under node-dependent stochastic resetting
Creators: name: Ye, Yanfei
name: Chen, Hanshuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the present work, we study random walks on complex networks subject to stochastic resetting when the resetting probability is node-dependent. Using a renewal approach, we derive the exact expressions of the stationary occupation probabilities of the walker on each node and the mean first passage time between arbitrary two nodes. Finally, we demonstrate our theoretical results on three networks with two different resetting protocols, validated by numerical simulations as well. We find that under a delicate setting it is advantageous to optimize the efficiency of a global search on such networks by the node-dependent resetting probability.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures
title: 01_0165
Creators: name: Wesley Baldwin, John
name: Baldwin, John W.
Publisher: name: NAKALA - https://nakala.fr (Huma-Num - CNRS)
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04ces3204
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: LaMOP
subject: Laboratoire de Médiévistique Occidentale de Paris

description: L'ensemble de ces notes ont été crée par John Baldwin lors d'une de ses premières périodes de résidence à Paris. Ces documents comprennent tous les magistri qu’il avait pu rencontrer dans ses sources. Aux XIIème et XIIIème siècles, les universités n'existant pas encore, le titre de magister s'il évoque certainement une compétence n'est pas rattaché de façon systématique au passage par les écoles. De surcroît, les magistris sont le plus souvent désignés par leur seul prénom. La lecture de ces données est donc difficile et suppose un long travail pour tenter d'identifier un individu auquel on pourrait rattacher plusieurs mentions. John Baldwin avait donc renoncé à utiliser ces données pour donner un prolongement à sa magnifique étude sur les gradués d'université et leur emploi par les Capétiens et les Plantagenêts. Néanmoins, il a conservé ces données et elles sont potentiellement très utile dans le cadre de Studium, comme le sont toutes les mentions dans les volumes des Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae de chanoines portant ce titre de magister sans autres précisions. L'ampleur des dépouillements rend ces données très utiles et nous devons une grande reconnaissance à John Baldwin pour avoir pris la peine de faire photocopier ses fiches et de nous les avoir transmises amicalement.
Les données ainsi que les images des fiches sont accessibles sur le site Internet à l'adresse suivante : http://studium-baldwin.lamop.fr/.
Les transcriptions des fiches ont été effectuées par des étudiants de Paris 1 Panthéon - Sorbonne mais elles n'ont pas été corrigées par la suite.
description: Relation: https://lamop.hypotheses.org/
Phase behavior of a lattice-gas model for biaxial nematics
Creators: name: Oropesa, W. G. C.
name: Nascimento, E. S.
name: Vieira, A. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We employ a lattice-gas extension of the Maier--Saupe model with discrete orientation states to study the phase behavior of a statistical model for biaxial nematogenic units in mean-field theory. The phase behavior of the system is investigated in terms of the strength of isotropic interaction between anisotropic objects, as well as the degree of biaxiality and the concentration of those units. We obtain phase diagrams with isotropic phases and stable biaxial and uniaxial nematic structures, various phase coexistences, many types of critical and multicritical behaviors, such as ordinary vapor-liquid critical points, critical end points and tricritical points, and distinct Landau-like multicritical points. Our results widen the possibilities of relating the phenomenological coefficients of the Landau--de Gennes expansion to microscopic parameters, allowing an improved interpretation of theoretical fittings to experimental data.
A Quantum Dot-Based Concentric FRET Configuration for the Parallel Detection of Protease Activity and Concentration
Creators: name: Algar, W. Russ
name: Wu, Miao
name: Petryayeva, Eleonora
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2015

description: Protease expression, activity, and inhibition play crucial roles in a multitude of biological processes; however, these three aspects of their function are difficult for any one bioanalytical probe to measure. To help address this challenge, we report a multifunctional concentric Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) configuration that combines two modes of biorecognition using aptamers and peptide substrates co-assembled to a central semiconductor quantum dot (QD). The aptamer is sensitive to the concentration of protease and the peptide is sensitive to its hydrolytic activity. The role of the QD is to serve as a nanoscale scaffold and initial donor for energy transfer with both Cyanine 3 (Cy3) and Alexa Fluor 647 (A647) fluorescent dyes associated with the aptamer and peptide, respectively. Using thrombin as a model protease, we show that a ratiometric analysis of the emission from the QD, Cy3, and A647 permits discrimination between thrombin and thrombin-like activity, and distinguishes between active, reversibly inhibited, and irreversibly inhibited thrombin. Reliable quantitative results were obtained from a kinetic analysis of the changes in FRET. This concentric FRET format, which capitalizes on both the physical and optical properties of QDs, should be adaptable to other protease targets for which both peptide substrates and binding aptamers are known. It is thus expected to become valuable a tool for the real-time analysis of protease activity and regulation.
Results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model for the 2020 Agricultural Real Estate Assessment
Creators: name: Haugen, Ronald
name: Haugen, Ronald
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Agricultural Finance
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Land valuation, real estate assessment, agricultural land

description: This report summarizes the 2020 results of the North Dakota Land Valuation Model. The model is used annually to estimate average land values by county, based on the value of production from cropland and non-cropland. The county land values developed from this procedure form the basis for the 2020 valuation of agricultural land for real estate tax assessment. The average value for all agricultural land in a county from this analysis is multiplied by the total acres of agricultural land on the county abstract to determine each county’s total agricultural land value for taxation purposes. The State Board of Equalization compares this value with the total value assessed to agricultural property in each county. The average value per acre of all agricultural land in North Dakota increased by 3.04 percent from 2019 to 2020 based on the value of production. The formula cost of production index value used in the 2020 analysis was 214.46. The formula capitalization rate was 4.36 percent. The capitalization rate had a larger effect on higher valuations compared to recent years. Cropland value increased, on average, 3.34 percent. Across individual counties, the cropland valuation ranged from a decrease of 1.04 percent to an increase of 10,23 percent. County values had increases and decreases depending on crop mix and cropland to non-cropland percentages. Non-cropland values increased 5.37 percent. Generally, valuations for counties with a higher percentage of livestock increased partly due higher returns for the newest year entering the data set as compared to the oldest year of the data set that was replaced. Changes in market value are included for comparison. Market value data are from the annual County Rents and Prices survey conducted by the North Dakota Department of Trust Lands.
System equivalent flux density of a low-frequency polarimetric phased array interferometer
Creators: name: Sutinjo, A. T.
name: Ung, D. C. X.
name: Sokolowski, M.
name: Kovaleva, M.
name: McSweeney, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper extends the treatment of system equivalent flux density (SEFD) in Sutinjo, A. T. et al. (2021) (Paper I) to interferometric phased array telescopes. The objective is to develop an SEFD formula involving only the most fundamental assumptions and one that is readily applicable to phased array interferometer radio observations. Then, we aimed at comparing the resultant SEFD expression against the often-used root-mean-square (RMS) SEFD approximation, SEFDrmsI = (1/2)(SEFD^2_XX + SEFD^2_YY)^(1/2) to study the inaccuracy of the SEFDrms. We take into account all mutual coupling and noise coupling within an array environment (intra-array coupling). This intra-array noise coupling is included in the SEFD expression through the realized noise resistance of the array, which accounts for the system noise. No assumption is made regarding the polarization (or lack thereof) of the sky nor the orthogonality of the antenna elements. The fundamental noise assumption is that, in phasor representation, the real and imaginary components of a given noise source are independent and equally distributed (iid) with zero mean. Noise sources that are mutually correlated and non-iid among themselves are allowed, provided the real and imaginary components of each noise source are iid. The system noise is uncorrelated between array entities separated by a baseline distance, which in the case of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) is typically tens of wavelengths or greater. By comparing the resulting SEFD formula to the SEFD_I^rms approximation, we proved that SEFD_I^rms always underestimates the SEFD, which leads to an overestimation of array sensitivity.
description: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics (30 Jan. 2022). 15 pages
Monotone additive statistics
Creators: name: Mu, Xiaosheng
name: Pomatto, Luciano
name: Strack, Philipp
name: Tamuz, Omer
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The expectation is an example of a descriptive statistic that is monotone with respect to stochastic dominance, and additive for sums of independent random variables. We provide a complete characterization of such statistics, and explore a number of applications to models of individual and group decision-making. These include a representation of stationary monotone time preferences, extending the work of Fishburn and Rubinstein (1982) to time lotteries. This extension offers a new perspective on risk attitudes toward time, as well as on the aggregation of multiple discount factors. We also offer a novel class of nonexpected utility preferences over gambles which satisfy invariance to background risk as well as betweenness, but are versatile enough to capture mixed risk attitudes.
description: 59 pages, two figures
Quantifying Relevance in Learning and Inference
Creators: name: Marsili, Matteo
name: Roudi, Yasser
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Learning is a distinctive feature of intelligent behaviour. High-throughput experimental data and Big Data promise to open new windows on complex systems such as cells, the brain or our societies. Yet, the puzzling success of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning shows that we still have a poor conceptual understanding of learning. These applications push statistical inference into uncharted territories where data is high-dimensional and scarce, and prior information on "true" models is scant if not totally absent. Here we review recent progress on understanding learning, based on the notion of "relevance". The relevance, as we define it here, quantifies the amount of information that a dataset or the internal representation of a learning machine contains on the generative model of the data. This allows us to define maximally informative samples, on one hand, and optimal learning machines on the other. These are ideal limits of samples and of machines, that contain the maximal amount of information about the unknown generative process, at a given resolution (or level of compression). Both ideal limits exhibit critical features in the statistical sense: Maximally informative samples are characterised by a power-law frequency distribution (statistical criticality) and optimal learning machines by an anomalously large susceptibility. The trade-off between resolution (i.e. compression) and relevance distinguishes the regime of noisy representations from that of lossy compression. These are separated by a special point characterised by Zipf's law statistics. This identifies samples obeying Zipf's law as the most compressed loss-less representations that are optimal in the sense of maximal relevance. Criticality in optimal learning machines manifests in an exponential degeneracy of energy levels, that leads to unusual thermodynamic properties.
description: review article, 63 pages, 14 figures
Detecting Anomalies in Software Execution Logs with Siamese Network
Creators: name: Hashemi, Shayan
name: Mäntylä, Mika
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Logs are semi-structured text files that represent software's execution paths and states during its run-time. Therefore, detecting anomalies in software logs reflect anomalies in the software's execution path or state. So, it has become a notable concern in software engineering. We use LSTM like many prior works, and on top of LSTM, we propose a novel anomaly detection approach based on the Siamese network. This paper also provides an authentic validation of the approach on the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) log dataset. To the best of our knowledge, the proposed approach outperforms other methods on the same dataset at the F1 score of 0.996, resulting in a new state-of-the-art performance on the dataset. Along with the primary method, we introduce a novel training pair generation algorithm that reduces generated training pairs by the factor of 3000 while maintaining the F1 score, merely a modest decay from 0.996 to 0.995. Additionally, we propose a hybrid model by combining the Siamese network with a traditional feedforward neural network to make end-to-end training possible, reducing engineering effort in setting up a deep-learning-based log anomaly detector. Furthermore, we examine our method's robustness to log evolutions by evaluating the model on synthetically evolved log sequences; we got the F1 score of 0.95 at the noise ratio of 20%. Finally, we dive deep into some of the side benefits of the Siamese network. Accordingly, we introduce a method of monitoring the evolutions of logs without label requirements at run-time. Additionally, we present a visualization technique that facilitates human administrations of log anomaly detection.
Towards the establishment of the light $J^{P(C)}=1^{-(+)}$ hybrid nonet
Creators: name: Qiu, Lin
name: Zhao, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The observation of the light hybrid candidate $η_1(1855)$ by the BESIII Collaboration brings great opportunities for advancing our knowledges about exotic hadrons in the light flavor sector. We show that this observation provides a crucial clue for establishing the $J^{P(C)}=1^{-(+)}$ hybrid nonet. Based on the flux tube model picture, the production and decay mechanisms for the $J^{P(C)}=1^{-(+)}$ hybrid nonet in the $J/ψ$ radiative decays into two pseudoscalar mesons are investigated. In the $I=0$ sector, we find that the SU(3) flavor octet and singlet mixing is non-negligible and apparently deviates from the flavor ideal mixing. Since only signals for one isoscalar $η_1(1855)$ are observed in the $ηη'$ channel, we investigate two schemes of the nonet structure in which $η_1(1855)$ can be either the higher or lower mass state that strongly couples to $ηη'$. Possible channels for detecting the multiplets are suggested. In particular, a combined analysis of the hybrid production in $J/ψ\to VH$, where $V$ and $H$ stand for the light vector mesons and $1^{-(+)}$ hybrid states, may provide further evidence for this nonet structure and finally establish these mysterious exotic species in experiment.
description: Revtex, 12 pages, 10 figures; revised version with updated numerical results, conclusion intact, resubmitted to Chinese Physics C
Evolutionary origin of highly repetitive plastid genomes within the clover genus (Trifolium)
Creators: name: Sveinsson, Saemundur
name: Cronk, Quentin C. B.
Publisher: name: BioMed Central
Year: 2016

description: Background: Some clover species, particularly Trifolium subterraneum, have previously been reported to have highly unusual plastomes, relative to closely related legumes, enlarged with many duplications, gene losses and the presence of DNA unique to Trifolium, which may represent horizontal transfer. In order to pinpoint the evolutionary origin of this phenomenon within the genus Trifolium, we sequenced and assembled the plastomes of eight additional Trifolium species widely sampled from across the genus. Results: The Trifolium plastomes fell into two groups: those of Trifolium boissieri, T. strictum and T. glanduliferum (representing subgenus Chronosemium and subg. Trifolium section Paramesus) were tractable, assembled readily and were not unusual in the general context of Fabeae plastomes. The other Trifolium species (“core Trifolium”) proved refractory to assembly mainly because of numerous short duplications. These species form a single clade, which we call the “refractory clade” (comprising subg, Trifolium sections Lupinaster, Trifolium, Trichocephalum, Vesicastrum and Trifoliastrum). The characteristics of the refractory clade are the presence of numerous short duplications and 7-15% longer genomes than the tractable species. Molecular dating estimates that the origin of the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of the refractory clade is approximately 13.1 million years ago (MYA). This is considerably younger than the estimated MRCA ages of Trifolium (c. 18.6 MYA) and Trifolium subg. Trifolium (16.1 MYA). Conclusions: We conclude that the unusual repetitive plastome type previously characterized in Trifolium subterraneum had a single origin within Trifolium and is characteristic of most (but not all) species of subgenus Trifolium. It appears that an ancestral plastome within Trifolium underwent an evolutionary change resulting in plastomes that either actively promoted, were permissive to, or were unable to control, duplications within the genome. The precise mechanism of this important change in the mode and tempo of plastome evolution deserves further investigation.
Photochemical Anisotropy and Direction-dependent Optical Absorption in Semiconductors
Creators: name: Ricca, Chiara
name: Aschauer, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Photochemical reactions on semiconductors are anisotropic, since they occur with different rates on surfaces of different orientation. Understanding the origin of this anisotropy is crucial to engineering more efficient photocatalysts. In this work, we use hybrid density functional theory (DFT) to identify the surfaces associated with the largest number of photo-generated carriers in different semiconductors. For each material we create a spherical heat map of the probability of optical transitions at different wave vectors. These maps allow to identify the directions associated with the majority of the photo-generated carriers and can thus be used to make predictions about the most reactive surfaces for photochemical applications. Results indicate that it is generally possible to correlate the heat maps with the anisotropy of the bands observed in conventional band-structure plots, as previously suggested. However, we also demonstrate that conventional bands-structure plots do not always provide all the informations and that taking into account the contribution of all possible transitions weighted by their transition dipole moments is crucial to obtain a complete picture.
THz radiation induced circular Hall effect in graphene
Creators: name: Candussio, S.
name: Bernreuter, S.
name: Rockinger, T.
name: Watanabe, K.
name: Taniguchi, T.
name: Eroms, J.
name: Dmitriev, I. A.
name: Weiss, D.
name: Ganichev, S. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the observation of the circular transversal terahertz photoconductivity in monolayer graphene supplied by a back gate. The photoconductivity response is caused by the free carrier absorption and reverses its sign upon switching the radiation helicity. The observed dc Hall effect manifests the time inversion symmetry breaking induced by circularly polarized terahertz radiation in the absence of a magnetic field. For low gate voltages, the photosignal is found to be proportional to the radiation intensity and can be ascribed to the alignment of electron momenta by the combined action of THz and static electric fields as well as by the dynamic heating and cooling of the electron gas. Strikingly, at high gate voltages, we observe that the linear-in-intensity Hall photoconductivity vanishes; the photoresponse at low intensities becomes superlinear and varies with the square of the radiation intensity. We attribute this behavior to the interplay of the second- and fourth-order effects in the radiation electric field which has not been addressed theoretically so far and requires additional studies.
description: 8 figures
Lynn Budin, S., Cifarelli, M., Garcia-Ventura, A. e Millet Albà, A. (a cura di) (2019), Gender and methodology in the ancient Near East. Approaches from Assyriology and beyond, Barcelona, Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, pp. 408
Creators: name: Zisa, Gioele
Publisher: name: AG About Gender - Rivista internazionale di studi di genere
Year: 2020

description: AG About Gender - Rivista internazionale di studi di genere, V. 9, N. 17 (2020): Cibo e genere. Rappresentazioni, pratiche, gerarchie
Avanzamenti nella comprensione e accompagnamento della transessualità in età evolutiva
Creators: name: Mayor, Aingeru
name: Pinducciu, Manuela
Publisher: name: AG About Gender - Rivista internazionale di studi di genere
Year: 2020

description: AG About Gender - Rivista internazionale di studi di genere, V. 9, N. 17 (2020): Cibo e genere. Rappresentazioni, pratiche, gerarchie
On the phase-mixed eccentricity and inclination distributions of wide binaries in the Galaxy
Creators: name: Hamilton, Chris
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Modern observational surveys allow us to probe the phase space distribution function (DF) of wide binaries in the Solar neighbourhood. This DF exhibits non-trivial features, in particular a superthermal distribution of eccentricities for semimajor axes $a\gtrsim 10^3$AU. To interpret such features we must first understand how the binary DF is affected by dynamical perturbations, which typically fall into two classes: (i) stochastic kicks from passing stars, molecular clouds, etc. and (ii) secular torques from the Galactic tide. Here we isolate effect (ii) and calculate the time-asymptotic, phase-mixed DF for an ensemble of wide binaries under quadrupole-order tides. For binaries wide enough that the phase-mixing assumption is valid, none of our results depend explicitly on semimajor axes, masses, etc. We show that unless the initial DF is both isotropic in binary orientation and thermal in eccentricity, then the final phase-mixed DF is always both anisotropic and non-thermal. However, the only way to produce a superthermal DF under phase mixing is for the initial DF to itself be superthermal.
description: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters
Two-component scalar and fermionic dark matter candidates in a generic U$(1)_X$ model
Creators: name: Das, Arindam
name: Gola, Shivam
name: Mandal, Sanjoy
name: Sinha, Nita
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a $U(1)_X\otimes \mathbb{Z}_2\otimes \mathbb{Z}'_2$ extension of the Standard Model (SM), where the $U(1)_X$ charge of an SM field is given by a linear combination of its hypercharge and B$-$L number. Apart from the SM particle content, the model contains three right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) $N_R^i$ and two scalars $Φ$, $χ$, all singlets under the SM gauge group but charged under $U(1)_X$ gauge group. Two of these additional fields, fermion $N_R^3$ is odd under $\mathbb{Z}_2$ and scalar $χ$ is odd under $\mathbb{Z}'_2$ symmetry. Thus both $χ$ and $N_R^3$ contribute to the observed dark matter relic density, leading to two-component dark matter candidates. We study in detail its dark matter properties such as relic density and direct detection taking into account the constraints coming from collider studies. We find that in our model, there can be possible annihilation of one Dark Matter (DM) into the other, which may potentially alter the relic density in a significant way.
description: One Table changed