cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Burkholderia in the genomic era: from taxonomy to the discovery of new antimicrobial secondary metabolites
Creators: name: Bach, Evelise
name: Passaglia, Luciane Maria Pereira
name: Jiao, Junjing
name: Gross, Harald
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Plant Biology
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Species of Burkholderia are highly versatile being found not only abundantly in soil, but also as plants and animals’ commensals or pathogens. Their complex multireplicon genomes harbour an impressive number of polyketide synthase (PKS) and nonribosomal peptide-synthetase (NRPS) genes coding for the production of antimicrobial secondary metabolites (SMs), which have been successfully deciphered by genome-guided tools. Moreover, genome metrics supported the split of this genus into Burkholderia sensu stricto (s.s.) and five new other genera. Here, we show that the successful antimicrobial SMs producers belong to Burkholderia s.s. Additionally, we reviewed the occurrence, bioactivities, modes of action, structural, and biosynthetic information of thirty-eight Burkholderia antimicrobial SMs shedding light on their diversity, complexity, and uniqueness as well as the importance of genome-guided strategies to facilitate their discovery. Several Burkholderia NRPS and PKS display unusual features, which are reflected in their structural diversity, important bioactivities, and varied modes of action. Up to now, it is possible to observe a general tendency of Burkholderia SMs being more active against fungi. Although the modes of action and biosynthetic gene clusters of many SMs remain unknown, we highlight the potential of Burkholderia SMs as alternatives to fight against new diseases and antibiotic resistance.
Tassi d'interesse e inflazione nella recente esperienza degli Stati Uniti.
Creators: name: FAND, D.I.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Interest rates, U.S., inflation, cause and effect relationship
subject: E31, E43

description: The paper analyses three related aspects of the U.S. interest rate experience in the 1960s: the underlying factors responsible for the extraordinary rise in interest rates in the 1960s, the stickiness of long rates during the 1969-1970 recession and its relation to the stock prices decline, and the interest rate movements in the recovery starting in 1970. The author first reviews the interest developments in the 1960s, during the 1969-1970 recession, and since the 1970 recovery. The real and the nominal theories and their implications for the cause and effect relation between inflation and interest rates are then summarised. The relations among real rates of return and between the real and nominal interest rates and their responses to changes in the natural rate and “equivalent” changes in the inflation are then analysed. Finally, the neo-Keynesian model of capital boom, tight money, and high real rates and inflation is elaborated, and the monetarist scenario of easy money, inflationary expectations, tight credit, and high nominal rates is developed. JEL: E31, E43
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 25, N. 98 (1972)
Verso un nuovo schema dei diritti speciali di prelievo.
Creators: name: BARATTIERI, V.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014

description: L’articolo intende esaminare fino a che punto i DSP potrebbero sostituire l’oro, il dollaro e la sterlina nel sistema. Quali strumenti debbono essere consolidati? Entro quale lasso di tempo ? In base a quale meccanismo debbono essere pagati gli interessi? Come e a chi distribuire gli eventuali “ profitti” dell’operazione? Quali importi di valute possono detenere i paesi per gli interventi nei mercati dei cambi?
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 25, N. 98 (1972)
GOODS-ALMA: The slow downfall of star-formation in $z$ = 2-3 massive galaxies
Creators: name: Franco, M.
name: Elbaz, D.
name: Zhou, L.
name: Magnelli, B.
name: Schreiber, C.
name: Ciesla, L.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Nagar, N.
name: Magdis, G.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Béthermin, M.
name: Demarco, R.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Wang, T.
name: Mullaney, J.
name: Sargent, M.
name: Inami, H.
name: Shu, X.
name: Bournaud, F.
name: Chary, R.
name: Coogan, R. T.
name: Ferguson, H.
name: Finkelstein, S. L.
name: Giavalisco, M.
name: Gómez-Guijarro, C.
name: Iono, D.
name: Juneau, S.
name: Lagache, G.
name: Lin, L.
name: Motohara, K.
name: Okumura, K.
name: Pannella, M.
name: Papovich, C.
name: Pope, A.
name: Rujopakarn, W.
name: Silverman, J.
name: Xiao, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the properties of a sample of 35 galaxies, detected with ALMA at 1.1 mm in the GOODS-ALMA field (area of 69 arcmin$^2$, resolution = 0.60", RMS $\simeq$ 0.18 mJy beam$^{-1}$). Using the UV-to-radio deep multiwavelength coverage of the GOODS-South field, we fit the spectral energy distributions of these galaxies to derive their key physical properties. The galaxies detected by ALMA are among the most massive at $z$ = 2-4 (M$_{\star,med}$ = 8.5$ \times$ 10$^{10}$ M$_\odot$) and are either starburst or located in the upper part of the galaxy star-forming main sequence. A significant portion of our galaxy population ($\sim$ 40%), located at $z\sim$ 2.5-3, exhibits abnormally low gas fractions. The sizes of these galaxies, measured with ALMA, are compatible with the trend between $H$-band size and stellar mass observed for $z\sim2$ elliptical galaxies suggesting that they are building compact bulges. We show that there is a strong link between star formation surface density (at 1.1 mm) and gas depletion time: the more compact a galaxy's star-forming region is, the shorter its lifetime will be (without gas replenishment). The identified compact sources associated with relatively short depletion timescales ($\sim$100 Myr), are the ideal candidates to be the progenitors of compact elliptical galaxies at $z$ $\sim$ 2.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in A&A
Il rapporto fra riserve ufficiali e offerta di moneta.
Creators: name: POMPILI, L.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014

description: Il rapporto fra riserve ufficiali e offerta di moneta viene considerato come indicatore dell’adeguatezza delle riserve da Tibor Scitovsky, il quale ritiene che il valore (minimo) di sicurezza del rapporto sia pari, in sostanza, a quello della propensione marginale del pubblico a disfarsi di riserve liquide sull’interno mediante eccesso di spesa all’estero. Nello schema elaborato da Scitovsky, tale propensione marginale dipende essenzialmente dalla propensione al consumo e da quella ad importare della collettività. L’idea centrale da cui prende l’avvio l’analisi dello Scitovsky , è che la collettività nel suo insieme non può ridurre le proprie”cash bances”, spendendo ricchezza finanziaria accumulata, solo attraverso un deficit di bilancia dei pagamenti.
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 25, N. 98 (1972)
Tassi nominali e tassi effettivi di rendimento sulle obbligazioni.
Creators: name: LA MALFA, G.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014

description: La conclusione dell’articolo è che non è possibile giustificare in base al primo dei modelli analizzati dal prof. Castellino il più elevato rendimento effettivo dei titoli con cedole nominali più basse. Evidentemente l’avversione al rischio contribuisce a questo andamento, ma non nel modo indicato nell’articolo che si discute. E’ invece interessante il camopo di indagine che riguarda le obbligazioni ammortizzabili per estrazione
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 25, N. 98 (1972)
Isochronous $n$-dimensional nonlinear PDM-oscillators: linearizability, invariance and exact solvability
Creators: name: Mustafa, Omar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems (nlin.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Within the standard Lagrangian settings (i.e., the difference between kinetic and potential energies), we discuss and report isochronicity, linearizability and exact solubility of some $n$-dimensional nonlinear position-dependent mass (PDM) oscillators. In the process, negative the gradient of the PDM-potential force field is shown to be no longer related to the time derivative of the canonical momentum, $\mathbf{p}% =m\left( r\right) \mathbf{\dot{r}}$, but it is rather related to the time derivative of the pseudo-momentum, $\mathbf{π}\left( r\right) =\sqrt{% m\left( r\right) }\mathbf{\dot{r}}$ (i.e., Noether momentum). Moreover, using some point transformation recipe, we show that the linearizability of the $n$-dimensional nonlinear PDM-oscillators is only possible for $n=1$ but not for $n\geq 2$. The Euler-Lagrange invariance falls short/incomplete for $n\geq 2$ under PDM settings. Alternative invariances are sought, therefore. Such invariances, like \emph{Newtonian invariance} of Mustafa \cite{42}, effectively authorize the use of the exact solutions of one system to find the solutions of the other. A sample of isochronous $n$-dimensional nonlinear PDM-oscillators examples are reported.
description: 15 pages and 6 figures
Il ruolo delle banche centrali nel funzionamento e nella regolazione del mercato delle eurovalute.
Creators: name: OSSOLA, R.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Eurocurrency markets, Eurobanking, Euromarket, central bank intervention, regulation
subject: E58, E44

description: The work assesses Eurocurrency markets and possible official interventions for regulating Eurobanking activity. The author first looks at the definition and origins of the Euromarket. Its structure, functioning and dimensions are then analysed. The problem of regulating Eurobanking activity is then taken into consideration as well as the nature and content of possible intervention by official authorities to regulate Eurocurrency flows. JEL: E58, E44
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 25, N. 100 (1972)
GOODS-ALMA: Using IRAC and VLA to probe fainter millimeter galaxies
Creators: name: Franco, M.
name: Elbaz, D.
name: Zhou, L.
name: Magnelli, B.
name: Schreiber, C.
name: Ciesla, L.
name: Dickinson, M.
name: Nagar, N.
name: Magdis, G.
name: Alexander, D. M.
name: Béthermin, M.
name: Demarco, R.
name: Daddi, E.
name: Wang, T.
name: Mullaney, J.
name: Inami, H.
name: Shu, X.
name: Bournaud, F.
name: Chary, R.
name: Coogan, R. T.
name: Ferguson, H.
name: Finkelstein, S. L.
name: Giavalisco, M.
name: Gómez-Guijarro, C.
name: Iono, D.
name: Juneau, S.
name: Lagache, G.
name: Lin, L.
name: Motohara, K.
name: Okumura, K.
name: Pannella, M.
name: Papovich, C.
name: Pope, A.
name: Rujopakarn, W.
name: Silverman, J.
name: Xiao, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we extend the source detection in the GOODS-ALMA field (69 arcmin$^2$, rms sensitivity $σ$ $\simeq$ 0.18 mJy.beam$^{-1}$), to deeper levels than presented in Franco et al. (2018). Using positional information at 3.6 and 4.5 $μ$m (from Spitzer-IRAC), we explore the presence of galaxies detected at 1.1 mm with ALMA below our original blind detection limit of 4.8-$σ$ at which the number of spurious sources starts to dominate over that of real sources. In this Supplementary Catalog, we find a total of 16 galaxies, including 2 galaxies with no counterpart in HST images (also known as optically-dark galaxies) down to a 5$σ$ limiting depth of H = 28.2 AB (HST/WFC3 F160W). This brings the total sample of GOODS-ALMA 1.1 mm sources to 35 galaxies. Galaxies in the new sample cover a wider dynamic range in redshift ($z$ = 0.65 - 4.73), are on average twice as large (1.3 vs 0.65 kpc) and and have lower stellar mass (M$_{\star}^{\rm SC}$ = 7.6$\times$10$^{10}$M$_\odot$ vs M$_{\star}^{\rm MC}$ = 1.2$\times$10$^{11}$M$_\odot$). Although exhibiting larger physical sizes, these galaxies have still far-infrared sizes significantly more compact than inferred from their optical emission. We show that the astrometry of the HST image does not only suffer from a global astrometric shift, as already discussed in previous papers, but also from local shifts. These distortions were artificially introduced in the process of building the mosaic of the GOODS-South HST image. By comparing the positions of almost 400 galaxies detected by HST, Pan-STARRS and ALMA, we create a distortion map which can be used to correct for these astrometric issues.
description: 18 pages, 13 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A
Strumenti meccanico-discrezionali per variazioni di parità monetarie.
Creators: name: SACCHETTI, U.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Exchange rate, adjustments, international monetary system, liquidity
subject: E42, F33

description: The paper is concerned primarily with the exchange rate, and more specifically with technical criteria for exchange rate adjustments in an international monetary system. Because of the interdependence, however, reference is also made to the domestic adjustment process and the availability of international liquidity. The author assesses the suitability, chiefly from an operational point of view, of clearly defined indicators to serve as guidelines for exchange rate adjustments. The main contention is that indicators serving such a purpose can technically be constructed, but that there are limitations as to their reliability. For this reason, and for the inevitable infringement of national sovereignty which is involved, the role of discretion and judgement, both at the national and international level, is bound to remain important. JEL: E42, F33
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 25, N. 100 (1972)
title: Petrogenesis and thermal history of the Kunlun Batholith, Northern Tibet
Creators: name: Lewis, Cherry Louise Eiluned
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 1989

description: The Kunlun Terrane is the most northerly of the several microplates that comprise the Tibetan Plateau. Geochronological data from the Kunlun batholith defines three distinct periods of intrusion at 390 Ma, 250 Ma and 190 Ma. A model is presented whereby the Devonian intrusions are considered to be related to a collision event between the Kunlun and Tarim Terranes, which were part of Gondwanaland and situated in the southern hemisphere at this time. It is proposed that in the region of the 1985 Tibet Geotraverse route, the Golmud Fault represents the Kunlun- Qinling suture line along which the two plates collided. Break-up of this part of Gondwanaland, which proabably also included the Qiangtang, Lhasa and Indian plates, occurred during the Permian along the Zangbo and Jinsha suture lines. Continental rifting was followed by a prolonged period of northward subduction of the Qiangtang Terrane beneath the Kunlun Terrane. This resulted in formation of the Permian batholith, and the massive Songban-Ganzi accretionary prism. Subduction culminated in collision at about 200 Ma. Post tectonic granites were emplaced around 190 Ma. Initial Sr ratios for the granitoids range from .7074 to .7130, and support the geochemical modelling which suggests that they have been derived from melting midcrustal sources. Only the Devonian Wanbaogou pluton may have resulted from anatexis of upper crustal sediments. A reset biotite age of 120 Ma from a pluton cut by the Xidatan Fault, supports sedimentalogical evidence which indicates a major reactivation of thrust faults in the area, as a result of collision between the Lhasa and Qiangtang Terranes during the Cretaceous. Apatite fission track ages from plutons north of the Golmud Fault also document this uplift event. A 100 Ma period of quiescence ensued, during which the Kunlun Terrane cooled extremely slowly until a state of thermal equilibration was reached. The collision of India with Tibet at 45 Ma thickened the Tibetan crust and resulted in further reactivation of faults in the Kunlun Terrane. Apatites from the granites between the Golmud and Xidatan faults give mixed ages around 20 Ma. It is calculated that uplift in this region, as a result of the Himalayan collision, could have been as recent as 8 Ma.
Argentina 1967-70. Un tentativo fallito di stabilizzazione.
Creators: name: MAYNARD, G.
name: VAN RIJCKEGHEM, W.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Argentina, inflation, stabilisation, policy, structuralist-monetarist controversy
subject: E31, E52, E60

description: Between 1950 and 1966 prices in Argentina rose at an average annual rate exceeding 25 percent. There have been several attempts to stabilise the situation, notably in 1966 when the military government took command. This attempt appeared to have considerable initial success, however, by 1970 the inflation rate began to accelerate again. This article describes the nature and characteristics of the stabilisation policy pursued in 1967-69. The author explains why, despite its initial success, in the end it broke down. Implications for the structuralist-monetarist controversy are then drawn. Finally, some conclusions that can be drawn for long-run development strategy and short-run stabilisation policy in Argentina are suggested. JEL: E31, E52, E60
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 25, N. 100 (1972)
A review of deep learning in medical imaging: Imaging traits, technology trends, case studies with progress highlights, and future promises
Creators: name: Zhou, S. Kevin
name: Greenspan, Hayit
name: Davatzikos, Christos
name: Duncan, James S.
name: van Ginneken, Bram
name: Madabhushi, Anant
name: Prince, Jerry L.
name: Rueckert, Daniel
name: Summers, Ronald M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Image and Video Processing (eess.IV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: Since its renaissance, deep learning has been widely used in various medical imaging tasks and has achieved remarkable success in many medical imaging applications, thereby propelling us into the so-called artificial intelligence (AI) era. It is known that the success of AI is mostly attributed to the availability of big data with annotations for a single task and the advances in high performance computing. However, medical imaging presents unique challenges that confront deep learning approaches. In this survey paper, we first present traits of medical imaging, highlight both clinical needs and technical challenges in medical imaging, and describe how emerging trends in deep learning are addressing these issues. We cover the topics of network architecture, sparse and noisy labels, federating learning, interpretability, uncertainty quantification, etc. Then, we present several case studies that are commonly found in clinical practice, including digital pathology and chest, brain, cardiovascular, and abdominal imaging. Rather than presenting an exhaustive literature survey, we instead describe some prominent research highlights related to these case study applications. We conclude with a discussion and presentation of promising future directions.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures
Il mercato monetario canadese.
Creators: name: WILSON, J.S.G.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Canada, money market, borrowing requirements, intermediation, financial instruments
subject: E44, E52

description: Canada provides one of the leading examples of a country in which the development of a money market has been officially encouraged and assisted. In particular, the Canadian experience emphasises what can be achieved in quite a short space of years, given the necessary underlying conditions that favour the emergence of such a market, plus the support of both the Government and of the central bank. The present article details the development of the Canadian money market the large changes it has undergone with regard to borrowing requirements, greater intermediation and increasing diversity of instruments and techniques. JEL: E44, E52
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 25, N. 100 (1972)
Suggerimenti per una comune politica monetaria in Europa.
Creators: name: MCKINNON, R.I.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: European integration, EEC, monetary union
subject: E52, F36

description: The work looks at the EEC’s integration, and specifically the evolution from a pseudo exchange-rate union to full monetary integration and the technical actions of coordinating the actions of national central banks. First the monetary impact of international payments imbalances is assessed. The discount mechanism and partial sterilisation is then considered. Finally, the author looks at restricting the scope of open-market operations. JEL: E52, F36
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 26, N. 101-102 (1973)
Il dollaro come moneta internazionale.
Creators: name: MELTZER, A.H.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Monetary theory, international monetary system, dollar, seigniorage
subject: E42

description: The paper attempts a brief restatement of some recent developments in monetary theory. The author then draws some conclusions for the international monetary system. The first of these is that a multiple-currency system is inferior to a two-currency system, so it is advantageous for Europeans to develop a single currency. Second, a two-currency system is inferior to a one-currency system. Finally, welfare is increased if the dollar is used as a medium of exchange. The problems of seigniorage and management are discussed briefly at the end. JEL: E42
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 26, N. 101-102 (1973)
Finalità e modalità operative del Fondo europeo di cooperazione monetaria.
Creators: name: MASERA, F.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: European Fund for Monetary Cooperation, monetary policy, exchange rates
subject: F36, E52, F31

description: The objectives of the European Fund for Monetary Cooperation include concrete aims to be realised immediately within the framework of the existing structure on the one hand, and longer-term ideals to be achieved through a scheme involving institutional innovators on the other. In the former case the main problems to be solved concern cooperation in the field of exchange rates, whereas in the latter they tend rather to concern monetary policy cooperation. The present paper discusses a number of propositions aimed at solving exchange rate problems within the context of the present institutional structure, without, however, overlooking the possibility of proceeding to broader and closer forms of monetary cooperation. JEL: F36, E52, F31
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 26, N. 101-102 (1973)
Trends in Development of Databases and Blockchain
Creators: name: Raikwar, Mayank
name: Gligoroski, Danilo
name: Velinov, Goran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Databases (cs.DB)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This work is about the mutual influence between two technologies: Databases and Blockchain. It addresses two questions: 1. How the database technology has influenced the development of blockchain technology?, and 2. How blockchain technology has influenced the introduction of new functionalities in some modern databases? For the first question, we explain how database technology contributes to blockchain technology by unlocking different features such as ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability) transactional consistency, rich queries, real-time analytics, and low latency. We explain how the CAP (Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance) theorem known for databases influenced the DCS (Decentralization, Consistency, Scalability) theorem for the blockchain systems. By using an analogous relaxation approach as it was used for the proof of the CAP theorem, we postulate a "DCS-satisfiability conjecture." For the second question, we review different databases that are designed specifically for blockchain and provide most of the blockchain functionality like immutability, privacy, censorship resistance, along with database features.
description: Accepted in The Second International Workshop on Blockchain Applications and Theory (BAT 2020)
title: Shape exploration in product design: assisting transformation in pictorial representations
Creators: name: Prats, Miquel
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2007

description: The sketching of pictorial representations forms a key technique for professional designers in the generation and exploration of product shape. It allows ideas of shape to be externalised and communicated, but more importantly, sketched pictorial representations can operate to assist designers' creative thinking. While computer aided design tools have a proven capability to support the development of design ideas, there is still much scope to develop computer based tools that support the free-flowing exploratory thinking that characterises shape generation and shape exploration in product design. Far from being a straight-jacket in creative design, shape rules have significant potential to bridge the gap between traditional sketching techniques and modern computational methods of design. This thesis presents an inquiry into the exploitation of shape rules within product design. It includes studies of design sketches by professional designers and these inform the development of a theoretical model for assisting design transformation. A formal model of exploration is proposed with two mechanisms; shape decomposition and shape transformation. This model is applied using pictorial representations which may be seen as the computing equivalent of freehand sketches, and reveals new strategies for systematic shape generation and exploration in product design.
Un'analisi empirica dei flussi finanziari e della composizione della ricchezza finanziaria dell'economia.
Creators: name: MODIGLIANI, F.
name: COTULA, F.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Financial assets, Italy, econometric model, demand function
subject: G10, E27, E21

description: The work provides empirical analysis of the composition of the financial assets of the Private non bank Sector. The analysis takes off from the problem of estimating in a consistent manner an econometric model of the monetary and financial sector. The authors first examine the structure of a demand function for financial assets which permits analysis of the speed of adjustment of the actual composition of wealth toward that desired. The problem of formulating the demand functions is then presented in such a way that the budget equation of the Private Sector be satisfied, thus ensuring consistency between the different functions. JEL: G10, E27, E21
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 26, N. 101-102 (1973)
Lattice dynamics and ultrafast energy flow between electrons, spins, and phonons in a 3d ferromagnet
Creators: name: Zahn, Daniela
name: Jakobs, Florian
name: Windsor, Yoav William
name: Seiler, Hélène
name: Vasileiadis, Thomas
name: Butcher, Tim A.
name: Qi, Yingpeng
name: Engel, Dieter
name: Atxitia, Unai
name: Vorberger, Jan
name: Ernstorfer, Ralph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The ultrafast dynamics of magnetic order in a ferromagnet are governed by the interplay between electronic, magnetic and lattice degrees of freedom. In order to obtain a microscopic understanding of ultrafast demagnetization, information on the response of all three subsystems is required. A consistent description of demagnetization and microscopic energy flow, however, is still missing. Here, we combine a femtosecond electron diffraction study of the ultrafast lattice response of nickel to laser excitation with ab initio calculations of the electron-phonon interaction and energy-conserving atomistic spin dynamics simulations. Our model is in agreement with the observed lattice dynamics and previously reported electron and magnetization dynamics. Our approach reveals that the spin system is the dominating heat sink in the initial few hundreds of femtoseconds and implies a transient non-thermal state of the spins. Our results provide a clear picture of the microscopic energy flow between electronic, magnetic and lattice degrees of freedom on ultrafast timescales and constitute a foundation for theoretical descriptions of demagnetization that are consistent with the dynamics of all three subsystems.
THE DISTRIBUTION, HISTORY AND USE OF THE AFRICAN BAOBAB IN BARBADOS
Creators: name: Rashford, John
name: Rashford, John
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: With seven species in Madagascar and one in Australia, the tropical genus Adansonia is a small, well-defined group of Old World trees of which the giant African baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) is one of the most prominent members. The African baobab was probably introduced to the Caribbean in the early eighteenth century, and although it is now widespread in the region, it remains a rare tree wherever it grows. Barbados is no exception. This paper discusses all the baobabs identified in Barbados through published accounts, interviews and islandwide searches, and it documents, to the extent possible, their history and cultural importance.
THE PHENOLOGICAL BEHAVIOUR OF FRUIT CROPS IN BARBADOS
Creators: name: Skeete, Stevenson E.
name: Skeete, Stevenson E.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries

description: Over a 10-year period (1984-1994), observations were made on the phenological changes occurring in fruit trees/crops. In an orchard at Codrington Agricultural Station, internationally important cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica), citrus (Citrus spp.), avocado (Persea americana) and carambola (Averrhoa carambola) were monitored. Other species were observed at various locations. Information on flowering and fruit production trends is presented. The period of February to April was a strong flowering peak for species that exhibit synchronous rhythmic bearing habits, although a weaker peak often occurred in the October to November period. July to October was a strong peak, period for fruit maturation when all species were taken into account. A particular group of species had fruiting peaks only in the May to July period. Some species had two fruiting peaks; one occurring around May to July and a second around October to January. The observed variations in annual growth and production rhythms among and within species seem to be sufficiently distinct as to require different management strategies (including spatial arrangement). The phenological patterns of the species/cultivars are discussed in relation to orchard management approaches in the Barbados environment.
POSSIBLE BACTERIAL ETIOLOGY OF PAPAYA BUNCHY TOP DISEASE
Creators: name: Davis, M. J.
name: Kramer, J. B.
name: Ferwerda, F. H.
name: Brunner, B. R.
name: Davis, M. J.
name: Kramer, J. B.
name: Ferwerda, F. H.
name: Brunner, B. R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Production Economics

description: Samples from 95 papaya plants with symptoms of papaya bunchy top (PBT) were obtained with the aid of local cooperators from 12 countries throughout the American tropics. The samples were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of 16S rRNA genes of mycoplasma-like organisms, but none were found. No differences were detectable by PCR between PBT-affected papaya DNA samples and samples from healthy plants. Abnormal fluorescence was consistently observed by epi fluoresce nee microscopy in the region between the xylem and phloem in transverse sections of PBT-affected petioles when stained by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole2HCl (DAPI) or acridine orange. Bacteria were found in the region by transmission electron microscopy and observed in expressed sap by light microscopy. The bacteria were associated with PBT-affected, but not with healthy, papaya plants. The bacteria measured 0.25-0.35 μηι in width and 0.8-1.6 Km in length and had a Gram-negative type cell envelope. All attempts to isolate the bacterium in axenic culture have failed.
Gryllacrididae Kirby 1906
Creators: name: Hemp, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Gryllacrididae

description: Family Gryllacrididae Kirby, 1906
description: Published as part of Hemp, Claudia, 2013, Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, pp. 301-342 in Zootaxa 3613 (4) on page 333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/215952
THE EFFECT OF PAPAYA RINGSPOT VIRUS ON PRODUCTION AND FUTURE MEANS OF POSSIBLE CONTROL
Creators: name: Zimmerman, Thomas W.
name: Zimmerman, Thomas W.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1995
Subjects: Crop Production/Industries
Food Security and Poverty

description: Papaya production in most parts of the world has been devastated by the papaya ringspot virus (PRV). This disease costs the papaya industry millions of dollars each year. PRV is transmitted by aphids and causes water-soaked lesions and stunted growth of stems and petioles. Infected leaves are mottled and with severe infection become disfigured. The fruit surface develops ringspots and the fruits are reduced in size, ripen prematurely and become non-marketable. Cultural practices, such as windbreaks, intercropping and regular insect pest control, can at best only delay the outbreak of the disease in the area. Cross protection in which mild virus isolates are used to infect susceptible cultivars has shown variable success. By inserting the coat protein (CP) gene of a PRV strain into papayas, plants can be developed that are immunized to the virus. Papayas have recently been genetically engineered with the CP gene from a virulent Hawaiian strain of PRV. The PRV-CP transgenic plants are resistant to the Hawaiian viral strain but susceptible to PRV strains from other geographical regions, including the Caribbean. The University of the Virgin Islands, in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico and Cornell University, is working to bioengineer resistance to a Caribbean strain of PRV into papaya cultivars grown in the region.
title: Modern Pollen-Vegetation Relationships In Ghana, Tropical West Africa
Creators: name: Julier, Adele Charlotte Mary
Publisher: name: The Open University
Year: 2018

description: Understanding the pollen assemblages produced by modern tropical vegetation, and improving the taxonomic resolution of pollen identification are vital in generating high quality interpretations of fossil pollen assemblages. Lake Bosumtwi, Ghana, is a 1 million year old meteorite impact crater-lake, in which pollen has been deposited tracking vegetation change, including the expansion and contraction of grass dominated landscapes evidenced by very high proportions of Poaceae pollen. This thesis explores the modern pollen-vegetation relationships of a forest-savannah transitional mosaic, a moist semi-deciduous forest and a wet evergreen rainforest in Ghana, using artificial pollen traps. It also tests the ability of Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR) to identify Poaceae pollen to below family level. Characteristic taxa from the forest-savannah mosaic landscape were Poaceae and Melastomataceae/Combretaceae, with these reaching 61% and 73% respectively. The moist semi-deciduous site was characterised by Celtis (up to 89%) and Triplochiton (up to 20%), and the wet evergreen rainforest was characterised by Cynometra, Drypetes, Vitex and Homalium (around 10% of pollen sum each). It was found that, using FTIR spectroscopy, it is possible to achieve an 80% classification success rate of pollen to sub-family level within the Poaceae. These results suggest that the threshold of 55% Poaceae pollen previously used to mark the transition between grass dominated and forested landscapes in the Lake Bosumtwi record may be too high, and should be closer to 40%. It is also concluded that the assemblages recovered from interglacial periods of Lake Bosumtwi may represent vegetation that was less similar to wet rainforest and closer to forest-savannah mosaic. This thesis should inform future studies of fossil pollen assemblages recovered from West Africa, and further work on the Lake Bosumtwi record, to enable higher resolution interpretations of fossil pollen assemblages and, therefore, a better understanding of Earth’s past.
title: Evolutionary and ecological diversity in the Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula (Linnaeus, 1758)
Creators: name: Capainolo, Peter
Publisher: name: University of Reading
Year: 2023

description: The Common Grackle Quiscalus quiscula is an abundant, widespread New World 
blackbird (Icteridae) described by Linnaeus in 1758. The bulk of the taxonomic and 
nomenclatural work on this species was done by Frank M. Chapman and other American 
luminaries of ornithology such as Witmer Stone, Robert Ridgway, Harry C. Oberholser, and 
Alexander Wetmore between 1892 and 1940. Since 1957, the Common Grackle has been 
considered a single species comprised of three subspecies: quiscula, versicolor and stonei. 
A third form Q. q. ridgwayi was described but is a hybrid between forms. Research on this 
taxon after 1940 focused on ethology and agricultural concerns but Charles E. Huntington, 
Suh Y. Yang and Robert K. Selander raised important questions regarding the formal 
taxonomic nomenclature of this species in 1952 and 1968, respectively. This study is a 
continuation of the work on Common Grackles, to better understand their phylogeographic 
and biogeographic history, and recommends modifications to the currently accepted status 
of subspecies. Chapter 1 is an overview of North American icterids in general and the 
Common Grackle specifically; it reviews the life history of the species and discusses the 
research questions and experimental protocols employed. Chapter 2 uses mtDNA analysis, 
and statistical techniques, unavailable to early researchers, to assess and confirm various 
aspects of past results and provides novel information about the relationship between 
Common Grackle subspecies. Chapter 3 analyses past descriptions of plumage characters 
considering the results in Chapter 2 and bolsters the result that the ‘Florida’ Grackle is 
ancestral and that only two subspecies (quiscula and versicolor) should be recognized. Using 
ecological modelling techniques, Chapter 4 demonstrates that the ancestral form of Common 
Grackle was confined to a single south-eastern refugia during the Last Glacial Maximum 
22,000 years ago, not two separate refugia as hypothesized by Chapman. Chapter 5 uses an 
ecological niche modelling approach that suggests increasing temperatures might precipitate 
a significant westward expansion of this species in the future. Lastly, Chapter 6 discusses
the main findings and contributions of this research and suggests future lines of inquiry into 
this intriguing North American passerine bird.
Cosmology with mirror dark matter I: linear evolution of perturbations
Creators: name: Ciarcelluti, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the first paper of a series devoted to the study of the cosmological implications of the parallel mirror world with the same microphysics as the ordinary one, but having smaller temperature, with a limit set by the BBN constraints. The difference in temperature of the ordinary and mirror sectors generates shifts in the key epochs for structure formation, which proceeds in the mirror sector under different conditions. We consider adiabatic scalar primordial perturbations as an input and analyze the trends of all the relevant scales for structure formation (Jeans length and mass, Silk scale, horizon scale) for both ordinary and mirror sectors, comparing them with the CDM case. These scales are functions of the fundamental parameters of the theory (the temperature of the mirror plasma and the amount of mirror baryonic matter), and in particular they are influenced by the difference between the cosmological key epochs in the two sectors. Then we used a numerical code to compute the evolution in linear regime of density perturbations for all the components of a Mirror Universe: ordinary baryons and photons, mirror baryons and photons, and possibly cold dark matter. We analyzed the evolution of the perturbations for different values of mirror temperature and baryonic density, and obtained that for x=T'/T less than a typical value x_eq, for which the mirror baryon-photon decoupling happens before the matter-radiation equality, mirror baryons are equivalent to the CDM for the linear structure formation process. Indeed, the smaller the value of x, the closer mirror dark matter resembles standard cold dark matter during the linear regime.
description: 33 pages, 24 figures; minor corrections in introduction, conclusions and references; accepted for publication in IJMPD
Una valutazione di cinque indicatori della politica monetaria.
Creators: name: TANNER, J.E.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Central bank, aggregate demand, monetary policy indicators, money stock, monetary base
subject: E52, E58, E51

description: The paper is concerned with the question of the appropriate variable that the central bank should use to measure its influence on aggregate demand. More specifically, in the pursuit of its goal to stabilise the economy, what should be the indicator of monetary policy - a price variable such as a market interest rate or a quantity variable such as the growth in the money supply? This question is of interest as the monetary indicators or “guide” variables frequently appear to give conflicting signs with respect to the direction of influence of the monetary policy actions on the economy. The author evaluates the performance of five monetary indicators: a short term market rate of interest, a monetary full employment rate of interest, the money supply, the neutralised money supply and the monetary base. The current popular monetary policy indicators are first statistically reexamined, before he criteria used to evaluate the indicators are defined. The estimation procedure employed is then indicated and the statistical results presented. The results suggest that the market rate of interest is the poorest indicator, while the observed money stock and the monetary base are the most reliable. JEL: E52, E58, E51
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 26, N. 101-102 (1973)
Cosmology with mirror dark matter II: Cosmic Microwave Background and Large Scale Structure
Creators: name: Ciarcelluti, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This is the second paper of a series devoted to the study of the cosmological implications of the existence of mirror dark matter. The parallel hidden mirror world has the same microphysics as the observable one and couples the latter only gravitationally. The primordial nucleosynthesis bounds demand that the mirror sector should have a smaller temperature T' than the ordinary one T, and by this reason its evolution can be substantially deviated from the standard cosmology. In this paper we took scalar adiabatic perturbations as the input in a flat Universe, and computed the power spectra for ordinary and mirror CMB and LSS, changing the cosmological parameters, and always comparing with the CDM case. We found differences in both the CMB and LSS power spectra, and we demonstrated that the LSS spectrum is particularly sensitive to the mirror parameters, due to the presence of both the oscillatory features of mirror baryons and the collisional mirror Silk damping. For x<0.3 the mirror baryon-photon decoupling happens before the matter-radiation equality, so that CMB and LSS power spectra in linear regime are equivalent for mirror and CDM cases. For higher x-values the LSS spectra strongly depend on the amount of mirror baryons. Finally, qualitatively comparing with the present observational limits on the CMB and LSS spectra, we show that for x<0.3 the entire dark matter could be made of mirror baryons, while in the case x>0.3 the pattern of the LSS power spectrum excludes the possibility of dark matter consisting entirely of mirror baryons, but they could present as admixture (up to 50%) to the conventional CDM.
description: 36 pages, 19 figures; minor corrections in introduction, conclusions and references; accepted for publication in IJMPD
La scelta di un sistema di cambi flessibili.
Creators: name: MACHLUP, F.
Publisher: name: Moneta e Credito
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Crawling peg, exchange rate system, flexibility, adjustment, gliding parities
subject: E42

description: In recent years officials in charge of international monetary affairs have slowly moved towards the crawling peg, which can be explained by an understandable cultural lag. At any rate, however, most have arrives at the position that greater flexibility is needed in the exchange rate system. The present article presents an in-depth analysis of the issue of flexibility in the exchange rate system. The author fist looks at the meanings of flexibility before considering the role of prices in economic adjustment and aggregate-demand adjustment. Temporary imbalances and selective controls are dealt with and historical context on the evolution of the system is provided. The various types and methods of flexibility are then detailed. The author concludes that, despite political resistance, economists should argue for freely flexible exchange rates or smoothly gliding parities. JEL: E42
description: Moneta e Credito, V. 26, N. 103 (1973)
Saginae
Creators: name: Hemp, Claudia
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Orthoptera
Tettigoniidae

description: Subfamily Saginae
description: Published as part of Hemp, Claudia, 2013, Annotated list of Ensifera (Orthoptera) and further records on Caelifera (Orthoptera) of Mt Kilimanjaro, Tanzania, pp. 301-342 in Zootaxa 3613 (4) on page 333, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3613.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/215952