cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Unfriended: The Role of Computer-Mediated Communication in Maintaining Long-Distance Friendships
Creators: name: Stamper, Zachary
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: In recent years, social media has become a significant communication medium through
which friends interact. As the ease of interaction increases, social network services, specifically
Facebook, have come to facilitate friendships differently than in previous generations by making
physical proximity less necessary for communication. However, proximity, or propinquity, is an
important aspect of both communication and friendship because it promotes more face-to-face
interaction. Face-to-face interaction is defined social presence theory as the most potent form of
communication. In this study, I examine the role of face-to-face interaction in friendship
maintenance, and how computer-mediated communication affects strength of friendship over
time. I ask how important is the amount of face-to-face interaction, influenced by propinquity, to
maintaining friendships? Furthermore, how effective is Facebook in maintaining the strength of
friendships when propinquity declines? I administered a survey to college students to learn about
their relationships with high school friends. I found that respondents who interact with these
friends less frequently in person reported a greater decrease in friendship strength over time.
Also, respondents who text these friends less frequently reported a similar decline in friendship
strength. This questions the relevance of propinquity, face-to-face interaction, and social
presence theory. However, I found more frequent Facebook interaction between friends to be
strongly associated with a decrease in friendship, suggesting its inability to maintain friendship
strength when propinquity is reduced.
Behavioral Biometric Security: Brainwave Authentication Methods
Creators: name: Schomp, Rachel
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: This paper investigates the possibility of creating an authentication system based on the measurements of the human brain. Discussed throughout will be an evaluation of the feasibility of brainwave authentication based on brain anatomy and behavior characteristics, conventional vs. dynamic authentication methods, the possibility of continuous authentication, and biometric ethical and security concerns.
Multi-objective optimization of liquid biofuel production pathways in the U.S. Corn Belt
Creators: name: Ari Akdemir, Ece
name: Kern, Jordan
name: Smith, Jack
name: Quinn, Jason
name: Field, John
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: As a potential source of low-carbon transportation energy, biofuels may offer certain advantages over electrification (e.g. a lower societal vulnerability to grid failures, and an improved range of sustainable aviation), but also a number of challenges, including water quality and quantity impacts, high cost, and carbon footprint, and land usage. There are also well-founded concerns that biofuel supply chains could be disrupted if extreme weather (e.g. precipitation and temperature anomalies) negatively impacts feedstock yield. In this work, we use a multi-objective optimization framework to explore the competing relationships among cost, environmental footprint, and reliability (supply chain risk) objectives in the design of national-scale biofuel production pathways. A many-objective evolutionary algorithm (BORG) is used to optimize biofuel production cultivation and processing decisions for the 107 USDA agricultural districts in the U.S. Corn Belt under weather uncertainty using de-trended historical yield data from 1998-2013. Detailed geospatial datasets on land costs and availability, energy prices, and yield for corn, soy, switchgrass, and algae serve as inputs to a techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) model of feedstock cultivation and fuel processing. BORG is then used to find approximate Pareto optimal biofuel production pathways (i.e. district-level biofuel production choices), measured in terms of four objectives: 1) minimize per unit ($/MJ) costs; 2) minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity (CO2/MJ); and 3) minimize the maximum annual energy supply shortfall relative to a pre-specified quota 4) minimize water quantity, quality impacts and minimize water inequity. Results show that the overall mix of biofuel feedstocks used strongly controls objective performance across non-dominated biofuel production pathways. Results also quantify the potential role of spatial diversification in reducing exposure to supply chain risks in the form of weather-caused drops in crop yield.
description: Ece Ari Akdemir's talk at EWRI 2023 (World Environmental & Water Resources Congress)
MS Gr. class. c. 6 1390
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 1669 col. 2. Philodemus, De rhetorica 10
Drawing by Gennaro Casanova
Structure Prediction of Organic/Inorganic Interfaces from First Principles
Creators: name: Wen, Wen
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 30304 Physical Chemistry of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Functional hybrid inorganic-organic systems(HIOSs), especially molecular thin films on inorganic substrates material have critical applications in electronic and optical devices. Therefore, understanding the structure and electronic properties of HIOSs are highly important. Molecule thin film as an essential component of HIOs often possess similar properties to its bulk crystal form and therefore making it also important to understand the structure-property relationship for bulk molecular crystals. Here in the thesis, we present four pieces of work – two related to molecular crystal structure prediction and the other two related to molecular interface structure prediction. Altogether, they help to promote the understanding of interactions in molecular crystals and molecular interfaces, potentially guide the synthesis efforts in molecule- related devices in promising directions. For molecular crystal prediction, Two pieces of code developed before, Genarris 2.0 and GAtor, are used to predict the structure of three energetic materials - TATB, DATB and the chiral arene, 4,5- dimethylphenanthrene. This is the first time that the crystal structure prediction workflow is applied to the structures with distinct nitro group interactions, and packing in particularly dense crystal structures. For structure prediction of HIOs, we extend the Genarris 2.0 for molecular crystals to Genarris 4.0 – a random structure generator for organic/inorganic interfaces. A structure generation and down-selection workflow is developed such that the experimental structure of three representative HIO systems - TCNE/Au(111), PTCDA/Ag(111), and naphthalene/Cu(111) are successfully generated. Ogre, a code we developed for molecular surface generation, is also incorporated in the workflow. For all three cases, the generated interface structures show good agreement with experimental STMs. In addition, the adsorption site, electronic properties including charge transfer and frontier molecular level alignment are also identified.
Boosted Higgs $\rightarrow b\bar{b}$ in vector-boson associated production at 14 TeV
Creators: name: Butterworth, Jonathan M.
name: Ochoa, Inês
name: Scanlon, Tim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The production of the Standard Model Higgs boson in association with a vector boson, followed by the dominant decay to $H \rightarrow b\bar{b}$, is a strong prospect for confirming and measuring the coupling to $b$-quarks in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV. We present an updated study of the prospects for this analysis, focussing on the most sensitive highly Lorentz-boosted region. The evolution of the efficiency and composition of the signal and main background processes as a function of the transverse momentum of the vector boson are studied covering the region $200-1000$ GeV, comparing both a conventional dijet and jet substructure selection. The lower transverse momentum region ($200-400$ GeV) is identified as the most sensitive region for the Standard Model search, with higher transverse momentum regions not improving the statistical sensitivity. For much of the studied region ($200-600$ GeV), a conventional dijet selection performs as well as the substructure approach, while for the highest transverse momentum regions ($> 600$ GeV), which are particularly interesting for Beyond the Standard Model and high luminosity measurements, the jet substructure techniques are essential.
description: 13 pages.(Fixed figure layout error)
Roots of unity in orders
Creators: name: Lenstra, H. W.
name: Silverberg, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 16H15 (primary), 11R54, 13A99 (secondary)

description: We give deterministic polynomial-time algorithms that, given an order, compute the primitive idempotents and determine a set of generators for the group of roots of unity in the order. Also, we show that the discrete logarithm problem in the group of roots of unity can be solved in polynomial time. As an auxiliary result, we solve the discrete logarithm problem for certain unit groups in finite rings. Our techniques, which are taken from commutative algebra, may have further potential in the context of cryptology and computer algebra.
description: The numbering of the results has been changed to agree with the published version
Measuring the basic parameters of neutron stars using model atmospheres
Creators: name: Suleimanov, V. F.
name: Poutanen, J.
name: Klochkov, D.
name: Werner, K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Model spectra of neutron star atmospheres are nowadays widely used to fit the observed thermal X-ray spectra of neutron stars. This fitting is the key element in the method of the neutronstar radius determination. Here, we present the basic assumptions used for the neutron star atmosphere modeling as well as the main qualitative features of the stellar atmospheres leading to the deviations of the emergent model spectrum from blackbody. We describe the properties of two of our model atmosphere grids: (i) pure carbon atmospheres for relatively cool neutron stars (1--4 MK) and (ii) hot atmospheres with Compton scattering taken into account. The results obtained by applying these grids to model the X-ray spectra of the central compact object in supernova remnant HESS 1731-347, and two X-ray bursting neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries, 4U 1724-307 and 4U 1608-52, are presented. Possible systematic uncertainties associated with the obtained neutron star radii are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 20 figures. Accepted for publication in the European Physical Journal A topical issue on "Exotic Matter in Neutron Stars" . Based on the invited talk in MIAPP Workshop "The Many Faces of Neutron Stars", Garching, 24 August - 18 September 2015
Development of a Conversion Equation for Active Motor Threshold for the Magstim Bistim Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Unit
Creators: name: Kim, Rebecca
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to establish whether or not there is a significant difference between the stimulus outputs of the top and bottom units of the Magstim Bistim. A second objective is to develop a conversion equation for the Active Motor Thresholds (AMTs) collected by the two units. Methods: Fourteen subjects (8 women,6 men,n=14,age=21.5±1.4 years,height=168.5±9.767 centimeters,weight=72.5±13.4 kilograms) were recruited for this study. For each subject, AMT was measured from both Unit 1 and Unit 2 of the Magstim Bistim. AMT was measured on the area of the motor cortex that showed the strongest response from the Vastus Medialis Oblique. Results: A paired samples t-test and a Pearson-product moment analysis showed that there was a significant difference between Units 1 and 2 and that there was a strong, positive correlation between these two variables (t(13)=-6.69,P<0.001; r=0.81,P<0.001). Two conversion equations were developed: (1) y=0.65x+8.4, where y=AMT of top unit and x=AMT of bottom unit, and (2) y=1.01x+10.18, where y=AMT of bottom unit and x=AMT of top unit.  Conclusions: Although these equations are fairly reliable for the AMTs gathered in this study, there is concern that the equations are not as accurate for subjects who have higher thresholds.  Statistical analysis supports that Units 1 and 2 of the Magstim are measuring differing AMTs from the same subject, therefore, other studies that are using/have used TMS to measure AMT should take note of which unit was used in testing.
On the Regularization of Extremal Three-point Functions Involving Giant Gravitons
Creators: name: Kristjansen, Charlotte
name: Mori, Stefano
name: Young, Donovan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the AdS_5/CFT_4 set-up, extremal three-point functions involving two giant 1/2 BPS gravitons and one point-like 1/2 BPS graviton, when calculated using semi-classical string theory methods, match the corresponding three-point functions obtained in the tree-level gauge theory. The string theory computation relies on a certain regularization procedure whose justification is based on the match between gauge and string theory. We revisit the regularization procedure and reformulate it in a way which allows a generalization to the ABJM set-up where three-point functions of 1/2 BPS operators are not protected and where a match between tree-level gauge theory and semi-classical string theory is hence not expected.
description: 5 pages, no figures. v2 updated references
Tracking with Graph Neural Networks
Creators: name: Lieret, Kilian Adriano
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Recent work has demonstrated that graph neural networks (GNNs) trained for charged particle tracking can match the performance of traditional algorithms while improving scalability. This project uses a learned clustering strategy: GNNs are trained to embed the hits of the same particle close to each other in a latent space, such that they can easily be collected by a clustering algorithm.
 The project is fully open source and available at https://github.com/gnn-tracking/gnn_tracking/. In this talk, we will present the basic ideas while demonstrating the execution of our pipeline with a Jupyter notebook. We will also show how participants can plug in their own model.
Informatics Analysis of Genetic Variants in Newborn Screening
Creators: name: Gustafson, Chelsea
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Newborn screening (NBS) is a well-known and widely accepted activity in public
health. The majority of babies born in the United States are screened via a biochemical
blood test for conditions that are difficult to diagnose but require treatment soon after
birth. NBS began in the 1960s as a blood test for phenylketonuria (PKU) and additional
disorders were added to the screening panel as technological advancements, such as
tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), improved detection of many metabolic disorders.
Based on the guidelines set forth by the American College of Medical Genetics, the U.S.
Department of Health Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Heritable Disorders in
Newborns and Children selects disorders for the recommended uniform screening panel
(RUSP) if (1) they can be detected 24-48 hours after birth and would not otherwise be
detected, (2) there is reliable screening method with appropriate sensitivity and
specificity and (3) there are benefits of early detection and treatment.
NBS has been successful; however, the technology used in medicine is quickly
advancing and NBS programs are faced with the challenge of incorporating new
technology into their screening protocol to improve detection of disorders. Next
generation sequencing (NGS), including whole exome sequencing (WES), is one of
these new technologies. WES identifies the DNA sequence of the coding region of the
genome, where it is believed 85% of disease causing genetic variation occurs. With its
relatively low cost and ability to provide detailed genetic information, WES is quickly
becoming a tool with the potential to revolutionize public health, however, the impact of
its use in the clinic for the benefit on overall health remains unknown.
MS Gr. class. c. 6 1391
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 1669 col. 3. Philodemus, De rhetorica 10
Drawing by Gennaro Casanova
Executive Privilege Outcomes in the Modern Presidency
Creators: name: King, Grace
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Executive privilege is a widely used but widely contested implied constitutional power. Although it has been used by almost every president beginning with George Washington, many see it as having no legitimate constitutional basis, and it is frequently criticized for its use in presidential scandals. However, others contend that it is a necessary power to ensure the effectiveness of the executive branch. The existing literature on executive privilege focuses only on its origins and on debating whether it is a legitimate power. It overlooks another significant reason for studying it: the use of executive privilege often results in a clash between legislative and executive interests, and thus examining the factors that lead to its success can help us to ensure that the balance of power between the two branches is functioning properly. Additionally, it can tell us more about presidential success under a different set of conditions than those in which it is most frequently examined. This study uses quantitative analysis and aims to discover the determinants of presidential success in executive privilege cases and find out whether they differ from the determinants of presidential success in legislation.
Query Expansion for Survey Question Retrieval in the Social Sciences
Creators: name: Dulisch, Nadine
name: Kempf, Andreas Oskar
name: Schaer, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Digital Libraries (cs.DL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In recent years, the importance of research data and the need to archive and to share it in the scientific community have increased enormously. This introduces a whole new set of challenges for digital libraries. In the social sciences typical research data sets consist of surveys and questionnaires. In this paper we focus on the use case of social science survey question reuse and on mechanisms to support users in the query formulation for data sets. We describe and evaluate thesaurus- and co-occurrence-based approaches for query expansion to improve retrieval quality in digital libraries and research data archives. The challenge here is to translate the information need and the underlying sociological phenomena into proper queries. As we can show retrieval quality can be improved by adding related terms to the queries. In a direct comparison automatically expanded queries using extracted co-occurring terms can provide better results than queries manually reformulated by a domain expert and better results than a keyword-based BM25 baseline.
description: to appear in Proceedings of 19th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries 2015 (TPDL 2015)
Vectorlike leptons at the Large Hadron Collider
Creators: name: Kumar, Nilanjana
name: Martin, Stephen P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the prospects for excluding or discovering vectorlike leptons using multilepton events at the LHC. We consider models in which the vectorlike leptons decay to tau leptons. If the vectorlike leptons are weak isosinglets, then discovery in multilepton states is found to be extremely challenging. For the case that the vectorlike leptons are weak isodoublet, we argue that there may be an opportunity for exclusion for masses up to about 275 GeV by direct searches with existing LHC data at sqrt{s}=8 TeV. We also discuss prospects for exclusion or discovery at the LHC with future sqrt{s}=13 TeV data.
description: 36 pages. v2: references added
MS Gr. class. c. 6 1392
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 1669 col. 7. Philodemus, De rhetorica 10
Drawing by Gennaro Casanova
Moral Justifications for Revolution
Creators: name: Wilson, Jocelyn
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: In this paper I examine the conditions under which revolution is morally justified within a state, and if there are any conditions under which revolution is morally obligatory. I will begin by analyzing the nature of the obligations that exist between the state and the people. My analysis will be from the perspective of social contract theory, focusing mainly on the works of John Locke and Immanuel Kant. I use these works to framework my own conception of the social contract. I do not completely adopt either social contract theory. Instead, I will propose a new way of understanding the social contract which is heavily influenced by the aformentioned philosophers. I hope to incorporate the strongest features of each theory while addressing weaknesses.
Scaling Exponents for Ordered Maxima
Creators: name: Ben-Naim, E.
name: Krapivsky, P. L.
name: Lemons, N. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study extreme value statistics of multiple sequences of random variables. For each sequence with N variables, independently drawn from the same distribution, the running maximum is defined as the largest variable to date. We compare the running maxima of m independent sequences, and investigate the probability S_N that the maxima are perfectly ordered, that is, the running maximum of the first sequence is always larger than that of the second sequence, which is always larger than the running maximum of the third sequence, and so on. The probability S_N is universal: it does not depend on the distribution from which the random variables are drawn. For two sequences, S_N ~ N^(-1/2), and in general, the decay is algebraic, S_N ~ N^(-σ_m), for large N. We analytically obtain the exponent sigma_3= 1.302931 as root of a transcendental equation. Furthermore, the exponents sigma_m grow with m, and we show that sigma_m ~ m for large m.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
MS Gr. class. c. 6 1393
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 1669 col. 8. Philodemus, De rhetorica 10
Drawing by Gennaro Casanova
Toward the full test of the nuMSM sterile neutrino dark matter model with Athena
Creators: name: Neronov, A.
name: Malyshev, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the potential of Athena X-ray telescope, in particular of its X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU), for detection of the signal from the light-weight decaying dark matter with mass in the keV range. We show that high energy resolution and large collection area of X-IFU will provide an improvement of sensitivity which will be sufficient for the full test of the neutrino Minimal extension of the Standard Model (nuMSM). Search for the narrow spectral line produced by the decay of the dark matter sterile neutrino in the spectra of dwarf spheroidal galaxies with X-IFU will explore the whole allowed range masses and mixing angles of the nuMSM lightest sterile neutrino and in this way either to find the dark matter signal or rule out the nuMSM model.
description: To match the accepted version
Public School, Private School, and Homeschool?: A Comparison of Social and Academic Effectiveness Among Educational Settings for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Creators: name: Kiefer, Katelyn E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: The purpose of this thesis was to explore which educational setting (public school,
private school, homeschool) appears to be most suitable for children with autism spectrum
disorder (ASD) from parent perspectives. More specifically, the aims were to distinguish which
school environment positively influences the academic and social growth of children with ASD
and specific features of the environments that were the most beneficial to students with ASD. A
research study was conducted using a survey of 161 parents with children diagnosed with ASD
ages 12 to 14 in North Carolina. In the survey, parents were asked about their child’s educational
background. They were asked to express their individualized opinions and perspectives on the
different school settings their child has attended or currently attends. With regards to these
opinions and perspectives, parents were asked to identify the setting in which their child with
ASD was the most successful both academically and socially. Results indicate that parents of this
study believe public school settings are the most beneficial for students with ASD for reasons
such as: special education resources, more experienced teachers, and a greater population of
students for children with ASD to interact with and practice social skills.
Understanding Everyday-Everywhere Chemicals and their Transformation Products via High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry of Environmentally-Relevant Matrices
Creators: name: Bowers, Bailey
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: Environmental Chemistry

description: Due to the lack of stringent chemical regulations, consumer goods often contain toxic, anthropogenic coumpounds, known as everyday-everwhere chemicals. Two such classes of these chemicals are flame retardants and pre- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. Everyday-everywhere chemicals can undergo chemical transformation natural and built systems, generating more chemically complex mixtures that may pose additional toxicity concerns. Nontarget analysis, enabled by high-resolution mass spectrometry, is an important tool to analyze these complex chemical mixtures, enables the identification of new contaminants with undisclosed identities., and assists in identifying transformation products from known compounds. In this work, we sought to understand the transformation products of flame retardants and pre- and polyfluoroalkyl substances using high-resolution mass spectrometry...
Ground state cooling of micromechanical oscillators in the unresolved sideband regime induced by a quantum well
Creators: name: Sarma, Bijita
name: Sarma, Amarendra K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ground state cooling of micromechanical oscillator is a paradigmatic goal for observing quantum mechanical effects in cavity optomechanics. We study theoretically the ground state cooling of a mechanical oscillator in an optomechanical cavity in presence of a quantum well placed inside the cavity. Due to mode tailoring in presence of the quantum well, the cavity response gets modified and leads to asymmetric heating and cooling processes. This facilitates the cooling of the mechanical oscillator even in the unresolved-sideband regime, via inhibition of Stokes scattering.
Non-local rheology in dense granular flows -- Revisiting the concept of fluidity
Creators: name: Bouzid, Mehdi
name: Izzet, Adrien
name: Trulsson, Martin
name: Clement, Eric
name: Claudin, Philippe
name: Andreotti, Bruno
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The aim of this article is to discuss the concepts of non-local rheology and fluidity, recently introduced to describe dense granular flows. We review and compare various approaches based on different constitutive relations and choices for the fluidity parameter, focusing on the kinetic elasto-plastic model introduced by Bocquet et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett 103, 036001 (2009)] for soft matter, and adapted for granular matter by Kamrin et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 178301 (2012)], and the gradient expansion of the local rheology $μ(I)$ that we have proposed [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 238301 (2013)]. We emphasise that, to discriminate between these approaches, one has to go beyond the predictions derived from linearisation around a uniform stress profile, such as that obtained in a simple shear cell. We argue that future tests can be based on the nature of the chosen fluidity parameter, and the related boundary conditions, as well as the hypothesis made to derive the models and the dynamical mechanisms underlying their dynamics.
description: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J. E
Statistically efficient tomography of low rank states with incomplete measurements
Creators: name: Acharya, Anirudh
name: Kypraios, Theodore
name: Guta, Madalin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The construction of physically relevant low dimensional state models, and the design of appropriate measurements are key issues in tackling quantum state tomography for large dimensional systems. We consider the statistical problem of estimating low rank states in the set-up of multiple ions tomography, and investigate how the estimation error behaves with a reduction in the number of measurement settings, compared with the standard ion tomography setup. We present extensive simulation results showing that the error is robust with respect to the choice of states of a given rank, the random selection of settings, and that the number of settings can be significantly reduced with only a negligible increase in error. We present an argument to explain these findings based on a concentration inequality for the Fisher information matrix. In the more general setup of random basis measurements we use this argument to show that for certain rank $r$ states it suffices to measure in $O(r\log d)$ bases to achieve the average Fisher information over all bases. We present numerical evidence for states upto 8 atoms, supporting a conjecture on a lower bound for the Fisher information which, if true, would imply a similar behaviour in the case of Pauli bases. The relation to similar problems in compressed sensing is also discussed.
description: 19 pages, 6 figures ; V2: updated figure 5, added references, changed title, updated abstract
MS Gr. class. c. 6 1394
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 1669 col. 9. Philodemus, De rhetorica 10
Drawing by Gennaro Casanova
Energy and temperature fluctuations in the single electron box
Creators: name: Berg, Tineke L. van den
name: Brange, Fredrik
name: Samuelsson, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In mesoscopic and nanoscale systems at low temperatures, charge carriers are typically not in thermal equilibrium with the surrounding lattice. The resulting, non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons has only begun to be explored. Experimentally the time-dependence of the electron temperature (deviating from the lattice temperature) has been investigated in small metallic islands. Motivated by these experiments we investigate theoretically the electronic energy and temperature fluctuations in a metallic island in the Coulomb blockade regime, tunnel coupled to an electronic reservoir, i.e. a single electron box. We show that electronic quantum tunnelling between the island and the reservoir, in the absence of any net charge or energy transport, induces fluctuations of the island electron temperature. The full distribution of the energy transfer as well as the island temperature is derived within the framework of full counting statistics. In particular, the low-frequency temperature fluctuations are analysed, fully accounting for charging effects and non-zero reservoir temperature. The experimental requirements for measuring the predicted temperature fluctuations are discussed.
description: 20 pages, 4 figures, submitted to NJP special issue on Quantum Thermodynamics
Structure Prediction of Epitaxial Organic and Inorganic Interfaces
Creators: name: Moayedpour, Saeed
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: 30307 Theory and Design of Materials
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences

description: Interface structures are a decisive element of device operation and performance for a wide range of modern electronic devices from organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photovoltaic (OPVs) to semiconductors and spintronic devices. With the need to integrate new materials into devices and applications ranging from quantum computing to medicine, the development of high-quality interfaces with precisely controlled structures is vital to the development of new technologies to meet today’s challenges. Although the phenomenon of organic epitaxy has been known for decades, computational methods for structure prediction of epitaxial organic interfaces have lagged far behind the existing methods for their inorganic counterparts. In this thesis, I developed a new version of the Ogre open source Python package with the capability to perform structure prediction of organic and inorganic epitaxial interfaces by lattice and surface matching. In the lattice matching step, a scan over combinations of substrate and film Miller indices is performed to identify the domain-matched interfaces with the lowest mismatch. Subsequently, surface matching is conducted by Bayesian optimization to find the optimal interfacial distance and in-plane registry between the substrate and film. In the case of inorganic systems, the objective function is a geometric score function based on the overlap and empty space between atomic spheres at the interface and for organic systems it is based on dispersion corrected deep neural network interatomic potentials, shown to be in excellent agreement with density functional theory (DFT). The optimized interfaces are pre-ranked using a score function and the optimized structures of the best candidates interfaces are exported to input geometry files for DFT calculations for further analysis. The application of Ogre is demonstrated for two inorganic interfaces of interest for quantum computing and spintronics, Al/InAs and Fe/InSb and also an epitaxial organic interface of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) on tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), whose electronic structure has been probed by ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), but whose structure had been hitherto unknown.
How does infection with the digenean trematode, Cercaria opaca, modify benthic community structure by altering the behavior of its influential host, Littoraria irrorata
Creators: name: Henderson, Abigail
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: Shifts in temperature, salinity, and mean water level due to sea level rise in intertidal zones have a direct impact on parasitism in marine organisms. Littoraria irrorata, the marsh periwinkle, is a gastropod that lives in soft sediment intertidal flats. L. irrorata utilizes Spartina alterniflora as a food source, creating lacerations in the blades of cordgrass and farming fungus for nutritional input through nutrient excretion. When infected with Cercaria opaca, a digenian trematode parasite, the periwinkle exhibits behavioral alterations, including lower grazing rates on Spartina irrorata. Experimentation on the indirect effects of meiofauna-benthic invertebrate species that serve as a vital food source for higher trophic levels and facilitate biomineralization of organic matter and enhanced nutrient regeneration- due to parasitism of Littoraria showed significant results. Presence of L. irrorata infected with C. opaca exhibited an ability to mitigate S. alterniflora die-off (p=4.48E-05). A bivariant analysis taking square root transformed data and comparing it to treatments across time in JMP revealed a linear relationship between change in biomass of S. alterniflora and meiofauna abundance (R2 = .558). Presence of infected snails in plots reduced variability in meiofauna over time, as compared to noninfected plots, which exhibited a significant variability of initial abundance to final change, especially at higher initial abundances (P=0.0068).  Data shows a positive linear relationship between Uca pugnax and meiofauna abundance, suggesting that species, particular nematodes, utilize the burrows of fiddler crabs for protection, oxygen in normally hypoxic or anoxic soil, and resources (R=0.788). Time, treatment, and the interaction between the two are significantly different for meiofauna in all treatments except for no snail plots, suggesting prominent meiofauna taxa to shift dramatically, especially in uninfected plots (significance for uninfected plots, infected plots, and open plots were p=0.01, 0.005, 0.03, respectively).Overall, data suggests that increased rates of parasitism in Littoraria irrorata in soft sediment mudflats are beneficial to the ecosystem, as Spartina offers a myriad ecosystem services for humans and the environment, and increased meiofauna diversity and abundance allow for biomineralization of organic matter while offering a food source for a variety of organisms. Parasites, which have been seen to increase with global warming due to more favorable conditions, may be an unlikely benefactor for shoreline protection in coming years.
HOW DO CHANGES TO MEDICARE AND MEDICAID AFFECT HEALTHCARE COMPANY VALUATIONS?
Creators: name: Amoroso, John
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2019

description: Medicare and Medicaid are two of the primary levers the United States government uses to implement change in the healthcare industry. In an environment of escalating and unsustainable costs, most industry professionals agree CMS policies will continue to change. This thesis asks the question: how do changes (or prospective changes) to Medicare and Medicare affect company valuations? I use event study analysis to assess the market impact of four different events involving Medicaid and Medicare. The results suggest that concentration and exposure to CMS programs are significant factors in value creation and value destruction, and that it is important for business leaders to recognize risk exposures in a changing environment.
Driving large-velocity propagation of ferromagnetic pi/2 domain walls in nanostripes of cubic-anisotropy materials
Creators: name: Janutka, Andrzej
name: Gawronski, Przemyslaw
name: Ruszala, Pawel S
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the externally-driven motion of the domain walls (DWs)of the pi/2 type in (in-the-plane ordered) nanostripes of the crystalline cubic anisotropy. Such DWs are much narrower than the transverse and vortex pi DWs of the soft-magnetic nanostripes while propagating much faster, thus, enabling dense packing of magnetization domains and high speed processing of the many domain states. The viscous current-driven motion of the DW with the velocity above 1000m/s under the electric current of the density 10^12A/m2 is predicted to take place in the nanostripes of the magnetite. Also, the viscous motion with the velocity above 700m/s can be driven by the magnetic field according to our solution to a 1D analytical model and the micromagnetc simulations. Such huge velocities are achievable in the nanostripes of very small cross-sections (only 100nm width and 10nm thickness). The fully stress driven propagation of the DW in the nanostripes of cubic magnetostrictive materials is predicted as well. The strength of the DW pinning to the stripe notches and the thermal stability of the magnetization during the current flow are addressed.
Parallel Toolkit for Measuring the Quality of Network Community Structure
Creators: name: Chen, Mingming
name: Liu, Sisi
name: Szymanski, Boleslaw K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Many networks display community structure which identifies groups of nodes within which connections are denser than between them. Detecting and characterizing such community structure, which is known as community detection, is one of the fundamental issues in the study of network systems. It has received a considerable attention in the last years. Numerous techniques have been developed for both efficient and effective community detection. Among them, the most efficient algorithm is the label propagation algorithm whose computational complexity is O(|E|). Although it is linear in the number of edges, the running time is still too long for very large networks, creating the need for parallel community detection. Also, computing community quality metrics for community structure is computationally expensive both with and without ground truth. However, to date we are not aware of any effort to introduce parallelism for this problem. In this paper, we provide a parallel toolkit to calculate the values of such metrics. We evaluate the parallel algorithms on both distributed memory machine and shared memory machine. The experimental results show that they yield a significant performance gain over sequential execution in terms of total running time, speedup, and efficiency.
description: 8 pages; in Network Intelligence Conference (ENIC), 2014 European
Rare Label Retaining Cells in Palatal Epithelia Display Characteristics of Reserve Stem cells
Creators: name: Patel, Jeet
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The oral mucosa consists of diverse and understudied epithelia that all exhibit remarkable capacity for repair. It is thought that reserve populations of stem cells are responsible for replenishing epithelia following injury, though no markers for reserve stem cells have been identified in the oral epithelia. Previous studies in epithelial tissues such as the epidermis and intestine have found that regenerative stem-like cell populations generally reside in the basal layer of these stratified epithelia. Here, we seek to identify candidate reserve stem cells through an unbiased genetic “pulse-chase” strategy.
Reduced form of a Mueller matrix
Creators: name: Gil, Jose J.
name: Jose, Ignacio San
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through a simple procedure based on the Lu-Chipman decomposition [S-Y. Lu and R. C. Chipman, J. Opt. Soc. Am A 13, 1106 (1996)] any depolarizing Mueller matrix can be transformed into a reduced form which accumulates the depolarization and polarizance properties into a set of six parameters. The simple structure of this reduced form provides straightforward ways for the general characterization of Mueller matrices as well as for the analysis of singular Mueller matrices.
description: 7 pages
MS Gr. class. c. 6 1395
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 1669 col. 10. Philodemus, De rhetorica 10
Drawing by Gennaro Casanova
New Prospects in Fixed Target Searches for Dark Forces with the SeaQuest Experiment at Fermilab
Creators: name: Gardner, S.
name: Holt, R. J.
name: Tadepalli, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: An intense, 120 GeV proton beam incident on an extremely long, iron target generates enormous numbers of light-mass particles that also decay within that target. If one of these particles decays to a final state with a hidden gauge boson, or if such a particle is produced as a result of the initial collision, then that weakly interacting, hidden-sector particle may traverse the remainder of the target and be detected downstream through its possible decay to an $e^+e^-$, $μ^+μ^-$, or $π^+π^-$ final state. These conditions can be realized through an extension of the SeaQuest experiment at Fermilab, and in this initial investigation we consider how it can serve as an ultrasensitive probe of hidden vector gauge forces, both Abelian and non-Abelian. A light, weakly coupled hidden sector may well explain the dark matter established through astrophysical observations, and the proposed search can provide tangible evidence for its existence --- or, alternatively, constrain a "sea" of possibilities.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures; improved sensitivity analysis and cross-checks; small shifts in the expected limits; conclusions unchanged; refs. added
MS Gr. class. c. 6 1396
Creators: name: Oxyrhynchus Papyri
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 470316
subject: Latin and classical Greek languages

description: P.Herc. 1669 col. 11. Philodemus, De rhetorica 10
Drawing by Gennaro Casanova