cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tracing the development of Anti-Fossil Fuel Norms: insights from the Republic of Ireland
Creators: name: Fitzgerald, Louise Michelle
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy

description: Recent scholarly work on sustainability transitions has highlighted the importance of the development of norms against fossil fuels, or Anti-Fossil Fuel Norms (AFFNs), for climate mitigation. However, further research is needed to understand the mechanisms and conditions by which such norms are developed and secured for successful sustainability transitions. This paper contributes to addressing this, through analysing the case of the Republic of Ireland, probing the emergence of norms against fossil fuels and notably against natural gas (also referred to here as ‘fossil gas’). Whilst Ireland is considered an overall laggard on climate action, in recent years the country has witnessed several ground-breaking supply-side moves against fossil fuels. Drawing on in-depth original research interviews and analysis of key political sources, including parliamentary debates and policy documents, the paper finds evidence of norms against fossil gas emerging in the Irish case. The analysis contributes insights into the iterative development of AFFNs at the domestic level, the role of environmental movements, and broader lessons for the development of a just transition away from fossil gas. Initial moves against fossil fuels, even if not successful, can unleash political feedback effects which open space for more stringent policy development over timeDelayed action on sustainability leads to more complex transition challenges, with implications for ensuring justice within transition processesGrassroots environmental movements are important ‘norm entrepreneurs’, providing important sources of expertise, effective communication for policy and the public on the impacts of fossil fuels and mobilisation of wider citizen support for climate policyAFFN discursive framings can help to build alliances, advance climate justice, and support the development of environmentally and socially just transitions. Initial moves against fossil fuels, even if not successful, can unleash political feedback effects which open space for more stringent policy development over time Delayed action on sustainability leads to more complex transition challenges, with implications for ensuring justice within transition processes Grassroots environmental movements are important ‘norm entrepreneurs’, providing important sources of expertise, effective communication for policy and the public on the impacts of fossil fuels and mobilisation of wider citizen support for climate policy AFFN discursive framings can help to build alliances, advance climate justice, and support the development of environmentally and socially just transitions.
Converting Classical Theories to Quantum Theories by Solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi Equation
Creators: name: Guo, Zhi-Qiang
name: Schmidt, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By employing special solutions of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and tools from lattice theories, we suggest an approach to convert classical theories to quantum theories for mechanics and field theories. Some nontrivial results are obtained for a gauge field and a fermion field. For a topologically massive gauge theory, we can obtain a first order Lagrangian with mass term. For the fermion field, in order to make our approach feasible, we supplement the conventional Lagrangian with a surface term. This surface term can also produce the massive term for the fermion.
description: 30 pages, no figures, v2: discussions and references added, published version matched
title: Orthodontists' Attitudes Toward Expanding Career Opportunities for the Dental Hygienist in Orthodontics
Creators: name: Foster, Julie A.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University Libraries
Year: 1984

description: The purpose of this survey was to determine attitudes of orthodontists toward employing dental hygienists. A self-designed, 33 item questionnaire was used to obtain descriptive data. The questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of orthodontists chosen from the United States portion of the Orthodontic Directory of the World (N=500). Data were obtained from 298 orthodontists for a 58.6 percent response rate.

The study suggests that although orthodontists believe dental hygienists are important oral health professionals (96.2 percent) and important parts of the orthodontic practice (32.6 percent), only 10.9 percent of orthodontists surveyed employ dental hygienists. Factors determined to be important in assessing orthodontists' employment tendencies included the cost of employing a dental hygienist, the perceived adequacy of dental assistants in preventive oral health instruction, the office workload necessary to justify dental hygiene employment, and the necessity of the dental hygienist as part of the orthodontic team. Findings also suggest that orthodontists who graduated between 1960-1981 and orthodontists with large practices employ dental hygienists more frequently. In addition9 orthodontists surveyed in the northeast region employed dental hygienists more frequently than those in other regions.
Effects of divergent migratory strategies on access to resources for Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer)
Creators: name: Bennitt, Emily
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016

description: Presented at the 9th international wildlife ranching symposium: wildlife - the key to prosperity for rural communities, held on 12-16 September 2016 at Hotel Safari & the Safari Court, Windhoek, Namibia in conjuction with the IUCN 2nd African Buffalo Symposium.
description: Populations of large herbivores frequently display divergent migratory strategies, a likely consequence of the trade-off between the costs and benefits of migration. Globally, physical and environmental barriers disrupt migrations, leading to increased residency, which can have detrimental consequences. In the Okavango Delta, Botswana, veterinary cordon fences erected in 1982 may have caused enforced residency in some subpopulations of Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer). We used data from GPS enabled collars fitted to females in 1 resident and 1 migratory subpopulation of buffalo to test the hypotheses that (i) residents have access to less productive forage than migrants, (ii) residents occupy smaller home ranges and live in smaller herds than migrants, (iii) reproductive productivity is lower in resident herds, and (iv) residents have poorer body condition than migrants. Forage characteristics varied between resident and migrant ranges, both between and within seasons. Reproductive productivity and body condition did not differ between subpopulations, but residents occupied smaller home ranges during the rainy season and lived in smaller herds than migrants. The area that residents occupied was located in a more central region of the Okavango Delta than that of migrants; therefore, this area would receive higher levels of nutrients from the annual flood, which would have increased heterogeneity in resident ranges, thereby potentially compensating for effects of disrupted migrations. These results highlight the importance of conserving landscapes with spatially and temporally heterogeneous resources to buffer effects of anthropogenic activities such as artificial barriers on migrations.
title: A multimodality pictorial review of small bowel neoplasms and their mimics
Creators: name: Hanfi, Sameer
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Performed at one institution
subject: Not applicable
subject: Neoplasia
subject: Metastases
subject: Cancer
subject: Education
subject: PET-CT
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: CT
subject: Small bowel
subject: Gastrointestinal tract
subject: Abdomen
subject: Oncologic Imaging

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: Demonstrate the importance of different imaging modalities in detecting small bowel neoplasms and identifying their characteristic radiologic features. Review the common mimics of small bowel neoplasms and their distinguishing...
Integrating remote sensing and GIS tecniques with ecological models to map biological diversity in boreal forest
Creators: name: Warren, Anthony James
Publisher: name: University of Calgary
Year: 1999
Subjects: subject: Forests and forestry - Remote sensing
subject: Forest ecology - Saskatchewan
subject: Biological diversity - Remote sensing
subject: Ecological mapping - Saskatchewan
subject: Remote sensing
subject: Geographic information systems

description: Bibliography: p. 109-115
On the Classification of Accidental Symmetries of the Two Higgs Doublet Model Potential
Creators: name: Pilaftsis, Apostolos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, it has been shown [arXiv:1106.3482] that the two-Higgs-doublet-model potential may exhibit a maximum of 13 distinct accidental symmetries. Such a classification is based on a six-dimensional bilinear scalar field formalism realizing the SO(1,5) symmetry group. This note presents the transformation relations for each of the 13 symmetries in the original scalar field space and their one-to-one correspondence to the space of scalar bilinears, thereby providing firm support for the completeness of the classification.
description: 11 pages, comments on custodial symmetry added; final version to appear in Physics Letters B
Exposure to effluent from pharmaceutical industry induced cytogenotoxicity, hematological and histopathological alterations in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Creators: name: Alimba, Chibuisi G.
name: Adekoya, Khalid O.
name: Soyinka, Olufemi O.
Publisher: name: IfADo - Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund
Year: 2019
Subjects: acute toxicity
African catfish
hematology
histopathology
micronucleus assay
untreated pharmaceutical effluent

description: Pharmaceutical effluents contain toxic xenobiotics capable of contaminating aquatic environments. Untreated effluents are illegally discharged into aquatic environment in most developing countries. Pharmaceutical effluent induced alterations in biomarkers of genetic and systemic damage on rodents. However, information is relatively scarce on the possible cytogenotoxicity and systemic toxicity of this effluent on aquatic vertebrates. The study herein assessed the cytogenotoxic, hematological and histopathological alterations induced by pharmaceutical effluent in Clarias gariepinus. 96 h acute toxicity of the effluent was determined after C. gariepinus was exposed to six different concentrations (10 - 60 %) of the effluent. Subsequently, fish was exposed to sub-lethal concentrations (2.18 - 17.41 %) obtained from the 96 h LC50 for 7 and 14 days after which micronucleus (MN) and nuclear abnormalities (NAs) in peripheral erythrocytes were assessed as cytogenotoxic biomarkers, alterations in hematological indices and histopathological lesions were also examined. Fish, concurrently exposed to dechlorinated tap water and benzene (0.01 mL/L), served as negative and positive controls respectively. The derived 96 h LC50 of 17.41 % which was 1.89 times more toxic than the 24 h LC50 (32.95 %) showed that the effluent induced concentration-dependent mortality according to exposure duration. The effluent caused significant (𝑝<0.05) time-dependent increase in the frequency of MN and abnormal nuclear erythrocytes compared to the negative control. Also, there was decrease in total erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin and hematocrit concentrations and increase in leucocyte and lymphocyte counts. The effluent induced pathological lesions on gills, liver and kidneys of treated fish. Higher physicochemical parameters than standard permissible limits in the effluent are capable of inducing genomic instability and systemic damage in fish. Pharmaceutical effluent can increase micropollutants in aquatic environmental and health risks to aquatic biota. There is need to promulgate stringent laws against illegal discharge of effluents into aquatic environment.
description: EXCLI Journal; 18:Doc63; ISSN 1611-2156
Large-Scale Shake Table Test Verification of Bridge Condition Assessment Methods
Creators: name: Feng, Maria Q.
name: Chen, Yangbo
name: Soyoz, Serdar
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mechanical engineering
subject: FOS: Mechanical engineering
subject: Civil engineering
subject: FOS: Civil engineering

description: Methods that identify structural component stiffness degradation by pre- and postevent low amplitude vibration measurements, based on a linear time-invariant (LTI) system model, are conceptually justified by examining the hysteresis loops the structural components experience in such vibrations. Two large-scale shake table experiments, one on a two-column reinforced concrete (RC) bridge bent specimen, and the other on a two-span three-bent RC bridge specimen were performed, in which specimens were subjected to earthquake ground motions with increasing amplitude and progressively damaged. In each of the damaged stages between two strong motions, low amplitude vibrations of the specimens were aroused, and the postevent component stiffness coefficients were identified by optimizing the parameters in a LTI model. The stiffness degradation identified is consistent with the experimental hysteresis, and could be quantitatively related to the capacity residual of the components.
Unbuilt environments : unrealized geographies of energy and enterprise in the Stikine
Creators: name: Peyton, Jonathan Wynne
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: This research examines the environmental history of development megaprojects in the Stikine River watershed in northwest British Columbia. Beginning in the late 1890s, this project analyses a series of infrastructure initiatives that were brought to the Stikine by the state, by entrepreneurs and by multinational corporations. Envisioned roads, railways, hydroelectric dams and mining ventures were never begun, never completed or left abandoned. In order to understand the impacts and outcomes of these projects, I develop the concept of unbuilt environments, a term which signals the environmental and social side-effects of planned but unrealized megaprojects that were conceived as development schemes, lucrative extractive economies or smaller-scale sustainable resource economies. Through an analysis of economies and megaprojects that did not or only partially materialized, this dissertation contributes to an understanding of the historical, geographical and economic development of an understudied area of northern Canada. I examine various phases of development in the region over a one hundred year period and ask what happens when plans go awry? What are the unintended outcomes? And how do the remains of one development process or project influence later schemes? Answers to these questions highlight the conflicts, tensions and contestations that follow the ambitions, calculations, assessments and failures of developers. I follow six case studies in my analysis of the unbuilt environment in the Stikine. The first two chapters are focused on the growth of economies around human-animal relationships and deal with the incipient development era preceding the Second World War. While not megaprojects, these development economies still left remains and are an important precursor to the modern era of infrastructure development and extractive economies. The discussion then moves to examine a range of cases in time and space ranging from railroad construction to hydro-electric development to mining projects and transmission line construction. To examine the Stikine with an eye to outcomes and side-effects is to raise questions about the particular legacies of development in a peripheral environment where extractive economies have been enormously important and where sustaining them has been difficult.
Contraceptive Choices, Pregnancy Rates, and Outcomes in a Microbicide Trial
Creators: name: Sibeko, Sengeziwe
name: Baxter, Cheryl
name: Yende, Nonhlanhla
name: Abdool Karim, Quarraisha
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Virology
Obstetrics
Gynecology

description: OBJECTIVE: Women who become pregnant during the conduct of biomedical human immunodeficiency virus prevention trials are taken off the study product for safety reasons. High pregnancy rates can compromise statistical integrity in these trials. The comprehensive contraceptive curriculum developed for the Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial was evaluated for its ability to enhance contraceptive uptake, reduce pregnancy rates, and preserve statistical integrity. METHODS: Contraceptive- and pregnancy-related eligibility criteria were specified in the protocol. We enrolled women who opted for a nonbarrier method of contraceptive and provided hormonal contraceptives onsite at no cost. At each monthly study visit, we provided pregnancy prevention counseling and performed pregnancy testing. Study product was withheld on pregnancy diagnosis, but women continued with monthly follow-up. RESULTS: Contraceptive use was high throughout the study with 100% uptake at baseline and 94.71% use after a mean of 18 months follow-up at exit. Injectable progestins, particularly medroxyprogesterone acetate, remained the preferred choice of contraceptive. After 30 months of follow-up, 54 pregnancies were reported out of 889 participants, giving a pregnancy incidence rate of 3.95 per 100 woman-years (95% confidence interval 2.96-5.17). Of all pregnancies, two thirds (64.81%) resulted in a full-term live birth, whereas 18.52% and 11.11% pregnancies culminated as miscarriage and terminated pregnancies, respectively. There were no congenital anomalies in the early neonatal period. Pregnancies resulted in 1.56% of woman-years of study follow-up lost as a result of temporary product withdrawal. CONCLUSION: The CAPRISA 004 contraceptive curriculum was an effective strategy for maintaining low pregnancy rates, thereby minimizing product withdrawal and loss of follow-up time.
Additional file 1 of Impact of frailty and older age on weaning from invasive ventilation: a secondary analysis of the WEAN SAFE study
Creators: name: Laffey, Caoimhe M.
name: Sheerin, Rionach
name: Khazaei, Omid
name: McNicholas, Bairbre A.
name: Pham, Tài
name: Heunks, Leo
name: Bellani, Giacomo
name: Brochard, Laurent
name: Tomescu, Dana
name: Simpkin, Andrew J.
name: Laffey, John G.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
title: Surface water availability and agro-pastoral practices shape the human-wildlife interface at the edge of a protected area
title: Surface water availability and cattle herding practices shape the human-wildlife interface at the edge of a protected area
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Valls Fox, Hugo
name: Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon
name: De Garine-Wichatitsky, Michel
name: Perrotton, Arthur
name: Courbin, Nicolas
name: Miguel, Eve
name: Guerbois, Chloé
name: Caron, Alexandre
name: Loveridge, Andrew
name: Stapelkamp, Brent
name: Muzamba, Martin
name: Fritz, Hervé
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016

description: Presented at the 9th international wildlife ranching symposium: wildlife - the key to prosperity for rural communities, held on 12-16 September 2016 at Hotel Safari & the Safari Court, Windhoek, Namibia in conjuction with the IUCN 2nd African Buffalo Symposium.
description: Spatial and temporal partitioning of key resources promotes species coexistence. On the edge of unfenced protected areas, livestock and wild herbivores share foraging and watering resources. We investigated whether effective resource partitioning was maintained in African savannas as surface water availability declined during the dry season. We quantified avoidance between African elephant (Loxodonta Africana), African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and cattle (Bos taurus & indicus) at multiple scales using habitat selection models with GPS relocation data according to seasonal changes in surface water distribution on the eastern fringe of Hwange National Park, Zimbabwe. The range and duration of cattle incursions into the protected area varied seasonally by shifting from consistent selection of open habitats close to water pans during the rainy season to the less predictable selection of areas far away from the now dried up water pans at the end of the dry season. During the rainy and cold dry season, buffalo successfully avoid cattle at large (overlap<3%) and fine spatial scales. By the end of the dry season, buffalo herds, which are restricted to the vicinity of water, still avoid the boundary of the protected area but tolerate higher overlap with cattle (10%) and do not avoid them as strongly at fine scales. Elephant home-ranges overlap extensively with cattle (15-68%) throughout the year but elephant avoid cattle by staying away from the boundary during the day and getting closer to it at night. As the dry season advances, elephant bulls range closer to the boundary especially at night and may even make excursions into the communal land in their search of forage. Synthesis: Wild herbivores strongly avoid livestock and people at the boundary of a protected area as long as their foraging and drinking resources allow. In the advent of a drought, artificial water provisioning and cattle husbandry determine the level of avoidance and may be used to mitigate disease transmission and crop-raiding.
Suzaku X-Ray Observation of the Dwarf Nova Z Camelopardalis at the Onset of an Optical Outburst
Creators: name: Saitou, Kei
name: Tsujimoto, Masahiro
name: Ebisawa, Ken
name: Ishida, Manabu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the result of a Suzaku X-ray spectroscopic observation of the dwarf nova Z Camelopardalis, which was conducted by chance at the onset of an optical outburst. We used the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (a 38 ks exposure) and the Hard X-ray Detector (34 ks) to obtain a 0.35-40 keV spectrum simultaneously. Spectral characteristics suggest that the source was in the X-ray quiescent state despite being in the rising phase of an outburst in the optical band. The spectrum shows a clear signature of circumstellar absorption in excess of interstellar absorption and the reprocessed emission features of Fe fluorescence and Compton scattering. The extra absorption is explained due to partial coverage by either neutral or ionized matter. We found a spectral change during the observation, which is attributable only to the change in the circumstellar absorption. Such an X-ray spectral variation is reported for the first time in dwarf novae. We speculate that the variation in the circumstellar absorption is interpreted as a time-varying disk wind or geometrically flaring disk around the white dwarf during the propagation of a heat wave inward along the accretion disk at the beginning of the outburst, in which optical outburst and X-ray quiescent states co-exist.
description: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in PASJ
Recruitment of high risk women for HIV prevention trials: baseline HIV prevalence and sexual behavior in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel trial
Creators: name: Abdool Karim, Quarraisha
name: Kharsany, Ayesha B. M.
name: Frohlich, Janet A.
name: Baxter, Cheryl
name: Yende, Nonhlanhla
name: Mansoor, Leila E.
name: Mlisana, Koleka P.
name: Maarschalk, Silvia
name: Arulappan, Natasha
name: Grobler, Anneke C.
name: Sibeko, Sengeziwe
name: Omar, Zaheen
name: Gengiah, Tanuja N.
name: Mlotshwa, Mukelisiwe
name: Samsunder, Natasha
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Virology
Epidemiology

description: Background: Young women in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate burden of HIV infection compared to men but have limited options to reduce their HIV risk. Microbicides could fill an important HIV prevention gap for sexually active women who are unable to successfully negotiate mutual monogamy or condom use. Purpose: This paper describes the baseline sample characteristics in the CAPRISA 004 trial which assessed the safety and effectiveness of the vaginal microbicide, 1% tenofovir gel for HIV prevention in South Africa. Methods: This analysis assessed the baseline demographic, clinical and sexual behavior data of women screened and enrolled into the trial. The characteristics were summarized using descriptive summary measures; expressed as means and percent for categorical variables. Results: HIV prevalence at screening was 25.8% [95% Confidence Interval (CI):23.9-27.7). Of the 889 eligibly enrolled women who contributed follow-up data, rural participants recruited from a family planning (FP) clinic were younger, more likely to be living apart from their regular partner, reported lower coital frequency, had lower condom use (p < 0.001). In contrast, urban participants recruited from a sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic reported higher numbers of lifetime sexual partners, new partners in the last 30 days and receiving money in exchange for sex (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The populations selected provide suitable diverse target groups for HIV prevention intervention studies.
Depletion of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond via hydrogen passivation
Creators: name: Stacey, A.
name: Karle, T. J.
name: McGuinness, L. P.
name: Gibson, B. C.
name: Ganesan, K.
name: Tomljenovic-Hanic, S.
name: Greentree, A. D.
name: Prawer, S.
name: Beausoleil, R. G.
name: Hoffman, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We show a marked reduction in the emission from nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color centers in single crystal diamond due to exposure of the diamond to hydrogen plasmas ranging from 700°C to 1000°C. Significant fluorescence reduction was observed beneath the exposed surface to at least 80mm depth after ~10 minutes, and did not recover after post-annealing in vacuum for seven hours at 1100°C. We attribute the fluorescence reduction to the formation of NVH centers by the plasma induced diffusion of hydrogen. These results have important implications for the formation of nitrogen-vacancy centers for quantum applications, and inform our understanding of the conversion of nitrogen-vacancy to NVH, whilst also providing the first experimental evidence of long range hydrogen diffusion through intrinsic high-purity diamond material.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
title: Knowing the imaging findings of dementia: a challenge that can be overcome
Creators: name: Martínez Martínez, Carlos
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Not applicable
subject: Not applicable
subject: Dementia
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Neuro

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: To knowthe main dementiasuch as Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and frontotemporal lobe dementia. To describe the imaging findings of the different dementia, especially by magnetic resonance. To knowthe protocols and acquisition planes in...
Transmission eigenvalues and the bare conductance in the crossover to Anderson localization
Creators: name: Shi, Zhou
name: Genack, Azriel Z.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure the field transmission matrix t for microwave radiation propagating through random waveguides in the crossover to Anderson localization. From these measurements, we determine the dimensionless conductance, g, and the individual eigenvalues $τ_n$ of the transmission matrix $tt^\dagger$ whose sum equals g. In diffusive samples, the highest eigenvalue, $τ_1$, is close to unity corresponding to a transmission of nearly 100%, while for localized waves, the average of $τ_1$, is nearly equal to g. We find that the spacing between average values of $\lnτ_n$ is constant and demonstrate that when surface interactions are taken into account it is equal to the inverse of the bare conductance.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Forecasting invasive mosquito abundance in the Basque Country, Spain using machine learning techniques
Creators: name: Steindorf, Vanessa
name: K. B., Hamna Mariyam
name: Stollenwerk, Nico
name: Cevidanes, Aitor
name: Barandika, Jesús F.
name: Vazquez, Patricia
name: García-Pérez, Ana L.
name: Aguiar, Maíra
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Isolation of a Human Anti-HIV gp41 Membrane Proximal Region Neutralizing Antibody by Antigen-Specific Single B Cell Sorting
Creators: name: Morris, Lynn
name: Chen, Xi
name: Alam, Munir
name: Tomaras, Georgia D.
name: Zhang, Ruijun
name: Marshall, Dawn J.
name: Chen, Bing
name: Parks, Robert
name: Foulger, Andrew
name: Jaeger, Frederick
name: Donathan, Michele
name: Bilska, Mira
name: Gray, Elin S.
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
name: Kepler, Thomas B.
name: Whitesides, John
name: Montefiori, David
name: Moody, M. Anthony
name: Liao, Hua-Xin
name: Haynes, Barton F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Virology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Broadly neutralizing antibodies are not commonly produced in HIV-1 infected individuals nor by experimental HIV-1 vaccines. When these antibodies do occur, it is important to be able to isolate and characterize them to provide clues for vaccine design. CAP206 is a South African subtype C HIV-1-infected individual previously shown to have broadly neutralizing plasma antibodies targeting the envelope gp41 distal membrane proximal external region (MPER). We have now used a fluoresceinated peptide tetramer antigen with specific cell sorting to isolate a human neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the HIV-1 envelope gp41 MPER. The isolated recombinant mAb, CAP206-CH12, utilized a portion of the distal MPER (HXB2 amino acid residues, 673-680) and neutralized a subset of HIV-1 pseudoviruses sensitive to CAP206 plasma antibodies. Interestingly, this mAb was polyreactive and used the same germ-line variable heavy (VH1-69) and variable kappa light chain (VK3-20) gene families as the prototype broadly neutralizing anti-MPER mAb, 4E10 (residues 672-680). These data indicate that there are multiple immunogenic targets in the C-terminus of the MPER of HIV-1 gp41 envelope and suggests that gp41 neutralizing epitopes may interact with a restricted set of naive B cells during HIV-1 infection.
title: Neck masses in the pediatric patient
Creators: name: Campisi, Christian
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Head and Neck
subject: Head and neck
subject: Lymph nodes
subject: Paediatric
subject: MR
subject: Ultrasound
subject: Ultrasound-Colour Doppler
subject: Contrast agent-intravenous
subject: Education
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Abscess
subject: Infection
subject: Lymphoma
subject: Not applicable

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information and conflict of interest References
description: Learning objectives: This work aims to show the most common causes of neck masses in children and to highlight their imaging...
The Neutralization Breadth of HIV-1 Develops Incrementally over Four Years and Is Associated with CD4+ T Cell Decline and High Viral Load during Acute Infection
Creators: name: Gray, Elin S.
name: Madiga, Maphuti C.
name: Hermanus, Tandile
name: Moore, Penny L.
name: Wibmer, Constantinos Kurt
name: Tumba, Nancy L.
name: Werner, Lise
name: Mlisana, Koleka P.
name: Sibeko, Sengeziwe
name: Williamson, Carolyn
name: Abdool Karim, Salim
name: Morris, Lynn
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2011
Subjects: Virology
Epidemiology

description: An understanding of how broadly neutralizing activity develops in HIV-1-infected individuals is needed to guide vaccine design and immunization strategies. Here we used a large panel of 44 HIV-1 envelope variants (subtypes A, B, and C) to evaluate the presence of broadly neutralizing antibodies in serum samples obtained 3 years after seroconversion from 40 women enrolled in the CAPRISA 002 acute infection cohort. Seven of 40 participants had serum antibodies that neutralized more than 40% of viruses tested and were considered to have neutralization breadth. Among the samples with breadth, CAP257 serum neutralized 82% (36/44 variants) of the panel, while CAP256 serum neutralized 77% (33/43 variants) of the panel. Analysis of longitudinal samples showed that breadth developed gradually starting from year 2, with the number of viruses neutralized as well as the antibody titer increasing over time. Interestingly, neutralization breadth peaked at 4 years postinfection, with no increase thereafter. The extent of cross-neutralizing activity correlated with CD4+ T cell decline, viral load, and CD4+ T cell count at 6 months postinfection but not at later time points, suggesting that early events set the stage for the development of breadth. However, in a multivariate analysis, CD4 decline was the major driver of this association, as viral load was not an independent predictor of breadth. Mapping of the epitopes targeted by cross-neutralizing antibodies revealed that in one individual these antibodies recognized the membrane-proximal external region (MPER), while in two other individuals, cross-neutralizing activity was adsorbed by monomeric gp120 and targeted epitopes that involved the N-linked glycan at position 332 in the C3 region. Serum antibodies from the other four participants targeted quaternary epitopes, at least 2 of which were PG9/16-like and depended on the N160 and/or L165 residue in the V2 region. These data indicate that fewer than 20% of HIV-1 subtype C-infected individuals develop antibodies with cross-neutralizing activity after 3 years of infection and that these antibodies target different regions of the HIV-1 envelope, including as yet uncharacterized epitopes.
Michel electrons analysis in the fine-grained detectors for T2K
Creators: name: Kim, Jiae
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2011

description: Over the decades, neutrino physics has advanced remarkably. Confirmation of neutrino oscillation is one of the important results. It indicates that neutrinos have non-zero mass and flavor mixing. T2K is an experiment designed to observe neutrino oscillations. It is an accelerator-based experiment with a baseline of 295 km across Japan from Tokai to Kamioka. The accelerator and the near detector are at Tokai and the far detector is at Kamioka. The near detector characterizes neutrino interactions in the absence of oscillation effects. Fine-Grained Detectors (FGDs) are a part of the near detector, which provide target mass and track particles emerging from neutrino interactions occurring in the detector. The primary neutrino interaction channel mode of interest is the charged-current quasi-elastic (CCQE) interaction. In CCQE interactions, a charged-lepton and a proton are in the final state. The neutrino energy is reconstructed and its flavor is identified by the charged lepton. Other, non-CCQE neutrino interactions have another particles in the final state such as pions. The pions may stop in an FGD and decay to produce muons, which in turn stop and decay to produce electrons. The electrons from muon decay at rest are called Michel electrons. Michel electrons are a powerful tool to distinguish CCQE and non-CCQE interactions. This thesis describes the studies of Michel electron activity in the near detector using cosmic rays.
Catalytic pyrolysis of algae: kinetics and thermodynamic analysis
Creators: name: Anantharaman, Anjana P.
name: Prakash, Chalamala Jaya
name: Bangarraju, Osipalli
name: Jayabalan, Tamilmani
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Pyrolysis characteristics of the algae biomass collected from local source in the presence of HZSM-5 catalyst was investigated using Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) in this study. Multi-components of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and other component dissociation in algae sample taking place at different stages at varying temperature condition was confirmed as per the multi-step DTG curve. The average activation energy, and pre-exponential factor for the pyrolysis reaction were analyzed using the isoconversional integral methods such as, Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), and Starnik and Coats Redfern (SCR) methods, and differential isoconversional method of the Kissinger method. The stages of multi-component dissociation was evident consistently in the kinetic and thermodynamic properties analyzed in this study. The diffusion kinetic model fits well into the pyrolysis zone based on the master plot method. The thermodynamic properties including, change in enthalpy, Gibbs free energy, and entropy of the pyrolysis reaction confirms the complex nature of the pyrolysis reaction.
Shot noise suppression in InGaAs/InGaAsP quantum channels
Creators: name: Nishihara, Yoshitaka
name: Nakamura, Shuji
name: Kobayashi, Kensuke
name: Ono, Teruo
name: Kohda, Makoto
name: Nitta, Junsaku
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have measured the shot noise in a quantum point contact (QPC) fabricated by using InGaAs/InGaAsP heterostructure, whose conductance can be electrically tuned by the gate voltages. The reduced shot noise is observed when the QPC conductance equals to N(2e^2/h) (N=4, 5, and 6), which is the direct experimental evidence of the coherent quantized channel formation in the QPC. The deviation of the observed Fano factor from the theory is explained by the electron heating effect generated at the QPC.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures
Analyzing herbivore movements in relation to resource availability in the Savuti-Mababe-Linyanti Ecosystem (SMLE) in northern Botswana
Creators: name: Sianga, K.
name: Fynn, R.
name: Bonyongo, M. C.
name: International Wildlife Ranching Symposium, Publisher
Publisher: name: Mountain Scholar
Year: 2016

description: Presented at the 9th international wildlife ranching symposium: wildlife - the key to prosperity for rural communities, held on 12-16 September 2016 at Hotel Safari & the Safari Court, Windhoek, Namibia in conjuction with the IUCN 2nd African Buffalo Symposium.
description: The size and stability of large herbivore populations is dependent upon the ability to adapt to strong inter-annual and inter-seasonal variation in forage quantity and quality, while minimizing the risk of predation. Thus, understanding seasonal variations in habitat suitability in relation to a species' requirements at different stages in its reproductional cycle is essential to develop strategies for large, trans-national conservation areas and to mitigate conflicts between conservation and human land use. The Savuti-Mababe-Linyanti region has been selected as an area to study seasonal resource utilization by buffalo. GPS collars were deployed to3 buffalo herds between 2011 and 2013 and allowed to track animal movements with ~ 6occurrence points per day. Based on these, an interpretation of field- and laboratory analysis of the movement of buffalo in relation to forage quality and quantity was conducted. Buffalo, moved into thicker woodland habitats where taller leafy grasses were common during the wet season which varied in forage quality and quantity. Buffalo herds used woodlands where visibility was low probably because they can defend themselves against their predators. Both species relied on ephemeral water in the pans during the wet season. When pans dried out during the dry season, buffalo moved to their dry season ranges around permanent water. During the early dry season, the buffalo used a range of woodland habitats and floodplain grasslands around the Selinda Spillway, Linyanti Swamps and Savuti Marsh.
Simulation of the Tropical Pacific Climate with a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model. Part II: Interannual Variability
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Ma, Chung-Chun
name: Ghil, Michael
name: Mechoso, Carlos R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: Two multiyear simulations with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (GCM)-totaling 45 years-are used to investigate interannual variability at the equator. The model consists of the UCLA global atmospheric GCM coupled to the GFDL oceanic GCM, dynamically active over the tropical Pacific. Multichannel singular spectrum analysis along the equator identifies ENSO-like quasi-biennial (QB) and quasi-quadrennial (QQ) modes. Both consist of predominantly standing oscillations in sea surface temperature and zonal wind stress that peak in the central or east Pacific, accompanied by an oscillation in equatorial thermocline depth that is characterized by a phase shift of about 90° across the basin, with west leading east. Simulated interannual variability is weaker than observed in both simulations. One of these is dominated by the QB, the other by the QQ mode, although the two differ only in details of the surface-layer parameterizations.
Simulation of the Tropical Pacific Climate with a Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Model. Part I: The Seasonal Cycle
Creators: name: Robertson, Andrew W.
name: Ma, Chung-Chun
name: Mechoso, Carlos R.
name: Ghil, Michael
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 1995
Subjects: Ocean-atmosphere interaction
Atmosphere
Meteorology

description: A multiyear simulation with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model (GCM) is presented. The model consists of the UCLA global atmospheric GCM coupled to the GFDL oceanic GCM; the latter is dynamically active over the tropical Pacific, while climatological time-varying sea surface temperatures (SST) are prescribed elsewhere. The model successfully simulates the main climatological features associated with the seasonal cycle, including the east-west gradient in SST across the equatorial Pacific. The most apparent deficiencies include a systematic cold bias (2 K) across most of the tropical Pacific and underestimated wind stress magnitudes in the equatorial band. Multichannel singular spectrum analysis is used to describe the multivariate structure of the seasonal cycle at the equator in both the model and observed data. The annual harmonic in equatorial SST is primarily wind driven, while air-sea interaction strongly affects the semiannual harmonic.
Психологические механизмы профессионально-нравственной деформации личности: выявление и оценка (на примере психологов правоохранительных органов)
Creators: name: Булгаков Александр Владимирович
Publisher: name: Психопедагогика в правоохранительных органах
Year: 2020
Subjects: отчуждение моральной ответственности; профессиональное выгорание; профессионально-нравственная деформация; психологические механизмы; рефлексивность; управление по слабым сигналам

description: Введение. Обоснована модель выявления и оценки механизмов профессионально-нравственной деформации личности сотрудников ОВД. Модель представлена как реципрокная взаимосвязь таких психологических механизмов, как «профессиональное выгорание», «отчуждение моральной ответственности», «рефлексивность». Обозначены условия реализации модели опосредованных профессиональными компетенциями сотрудников. Материалы и методы. Эмпирическая база: 80 психологов ОВД с различным сроком службы. Методика исследования: опросник диагностики уровня развития рефлексивности А. В. Карпова; опросник на выгорание MBI в адаптации Н. Е. Водопьяновой; шкала отчуждения моральной ответственности MD‑8 Силии Мур в адаптации Я. А. Ледовой и др. Обработка данных проводилась в SPSS‑22 как сравнительное корреляционное исследование независимых выборок, применялся t‑критерий Стьюдента, H‑критерий Краскела-Уоллиса для независимых выборок, F‑критерий. Результаты и обсуждение. Выявлены различия деформации в зависимости от срока службы в ОВД: эмоциональное истощение (р<0,000), рефлексия (p<0,01), отчуждение моральной ответственности (p<0,038). Изменения психологических механизмов имеют U‑образную тенденцию. В каждой возрастной группе присутствуют наиболее значимый фактор-механизм или группа факторов. В группе до 5 лет — отчуждение и рефлексивность; до 10 лет — истощение и достижение; 10–15 лет — монолитный, тесно сплетенный фактор механизмов, за исключением отчуждения, наибольшим является деперсонализация; более 15 лет — рефлексия и истощение. Проведено соотнесение системы профессиональных компетенций психолога ОВД с психологическими механизмами профессионально-нравственной деформации. Выводы. Результаты целесообразно использовать в схемах концепции слабых сигналов, адаптированных для ОВД, интерпретировать с позиции принципа культурного опосредования. Применение разработанной модели к различным категориям сотрудников и руководителей поможет концептуализации психологических подходов к проблеме организационного развития ОВД.