cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Expanding the parameter space of natural supersymmetry
Creators: name: Aboubrahim, Amin
name: Feng, Wan-Zhe
name: Nath, Pran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SUSY/SUGRA models with naturalness defined via small $μ$ are constrained due to experiment on the relic density and the experimental limits on the WIMP-proton cross-section and WIMP annihilation cross-section from indirect detection experiments. Specifically models with small $μ$ where the neutralino is higgsino-like lead to dark matter relic density below the observed value. In several works this problem is overcome by assuming dark matter to be constituted of more than one component and the neutralino relic density deficit is made up from contributions from other components. In this work we propose that the dark matter consists of just one component, i.e., the lightest neutralino and the relic density of the higgsino-like neutralino receives contributions from the usual freeze-out mechanism along with contributions arising from the decay of hidden sector neutralinos. The model we propose is an extended MSSM model where the hidden sector is constituted of a $U(1)_X$ gauge sector along with matter charged under $U(1)_X$ which produce two neutralinos in the hidden sector. The $U(1)_X$ and the hypercharge $U(1)_Y$ of the MSSM have kinetic and Stueckelberg mass mixing where the mixings are ultraweak. In this case the hidden sector neutralinos have ultraweak interactions with the visible sector. Because of their ultraweak interactions the hidden sector neutralinos are not thermally produced and we assume their initial relic density to be negligible. However, they can be produced via interactions of MSSM particles in the early universe, and once produced they decay to the neutralino. For a range of mixings the decays occur before the BBN producing additional relic density for the neutralino. Models of this type are testable in dark matter direct and indirect detection experiments and at the high luminosity and high energy LHC.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
Performance Optimization for Federated Person Re-identification via Benchmark Analysis
Creators: name: Zhuang, Weiming
name: Wen, Yonggang
name: Zhang, Xuesen
name: Gan, Xin
name: Yin, Daiying
name: Zhou, Dongzhan
name: Zhang, Shuai
name: Yi, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning is a privacy-preserving machine learning technique that learns a shared model across decentralized clients. It can alleviate privacy concerns of personal re-identification, an important computer vision task. In this work, we implement federated learning to person re-identification (FedReID) and optimize its performance affected by statistical heterogeneity in the real-world scenario. We first construct a new benchmark to investigate the performance of FedReID. This benchmark consists of (1) nine datasets with different volumes sourced from different domains to simulate the heterogeneous situation in reality, (2) two federated scenarios, and (3) an enhanced federated algorithm for FedReID. The benchmark analysis shows that the client-edge-cloud architecture, represented by the federated-by-dataset scenario, has better performance than client-server architecture in FedReID. It also reveals the bottlenecks of FedReID under the real-world scenario, including poor performance of large datasets caused by unbalanced weights in model aggregation and challenges in convergence. Then we propose two optimization methods: (1) To address the unbalanced weight problem, we propose a new method to dynamically change the weights according to the scale of model changes in clients in each training round; (2) To facilitate convergence, we adopt knowledge distillation to refine the server model with knowledge generated from client models on a public dataset. Experiment results demonstrate that our strategies can achieve much better convergence with superior performance on all datasets. We believe that our work will inspire the community to further explore the implementation of federated learning on more computer vision tasks in real-world scenarios.
description: ACMMM'20
Ultrafast Excitation Exchange in a Maxwell-Fish-Eye Lens
Creators: name: Diekmann, Oliver
name: Krimer, Dmitry O.
name: Rotter, Stefan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The strong coupling of quantum emitters to a cavity mode has been of paramount importance in the development of quantum optics. Recently, also the strong coupling to more than a single mode of an electromagnetic resonator has drawn considerable interest. We investigate how this multimode strong coupling regime can be harnessed to coherently control quantum systems. Specifically, we demonstrate that a Maxwell-Fish-Eye lens can be used to implement a pulsed excitation-exchange between two distant quantum emitters. This periodic exchange is mediated by single-photon pulses and can be extended to a photon-exchange between two atomic ensembles, for which the coupling strength is enhanced collectively.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Complexity of 3-orbifolds
Creators: name: Petronio, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Geometric Topology (math.GT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 57M99

description: We extend Matveev's theory of complexity for 3-manifolds, based on simple spines, to (closed, orientable, locally orientable) 3-orbifolds. We prove naturality and finiteness for irreducible 3-orbifolds, and, with certain restrictions and subtleties, additivity under orbifold connected sum. We also develop the theory of handle decompositions for 3-orbifolds and the corresponding theory of normal 2-suborbifolds.
description: 29 pages, 12 figures
Role of various scale-similarity models in stabilized mixed subgrid-scale model
Creators: name: Inagaki, Kazuhiro
name: Kobayashi, Hiromichi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the physical role of various scale-similarity models in the stabilized mixed model [K. Abe, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 39, 42 (2013); M. Inagaki and K. Abe, Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 64, 137 (2017)] and evaluate their performance in turbulent channel flows. Among various models in the present study, the original model combined with the scale-similarity model for the subgrid-scale (SGS)-Reynolds term yields the best prediction for the anisotropy of the grid-scale (GS) velocity fluctuations and the SGS stress, even in coarse grid resolutions. Moreover, it successfully predicts large intensities of the spectra close to the cut-off scale in accordance with the filtered direct numerical simulation, whereas other models predict a rapid decay of the spectra in the low-wavelength region. To investigate the behavior of the models close to the cut-off scale, we analyze the budget equation for the GS Reynolds stress spectrum. The result shows that the scale-similarity model for the SGS-Reynolds term plays a role in the enhancement of the wall-normal velocity fluctuation close to the cut-off scale. Thereby, it activates turbulence close to the cut-off scale, leading to a reproduction of the proper streak structures observed in wall-bounded turbulent flows. The reproduction of velocity fluctuations close to the cut-off scale and turbulent structures is a key element for further development of SGS models.
description: 16 figures
Offdiagonal Complexity: A computationally quick complexity measure for graphs and networks
Creators: name: Claussen, Jens Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: A vast variety of biological, social, and economical networks shows topologies drastically differing from random graphs; yet the quantitative characterization remains unsatisfactory from a conceptual point of view. Motivated from the discussion of small scale-free networks, a biased link distribution entropy is defined, which takes an extremum for a power law distribution. This approach is extended to the node-node link cross-distribution, whose nondiagonal elements characterize the graph structure beyond link distribution, cluster coefficient and average path length. From here a simple (and computationally cheap) complexity measure can be defined. This Offdiagonal Complexity (OdC) is proposed as a novel measure to characterize the complexity of an undirected graph, or network. While both for regular lattices and fully connected networks OdC is zero, it takes a moderately low value for a random graph and shows high values for apparently complex structures as scale-free networks and hierarchical trees. The Offdiagonal Complexity apporach is applied to the Helicobacter pylori protein interaction network and randomly rewired surrogates.
description: 12 pages, revised version, to appear in Physica A
Entropy and the Kullback-Leibler Divergence for Bayesian Networks: Computational Complexity and Efficient Implementation
Creators: name: Scutari, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Bayesian networks (BNs) are a foundational model in machine learning and causal inference. Their graphical structure can handle high-dimensional problems, divide them into a sparse collection of smaller ones, underlies Judea Pearl's causality, and determines their explainability and interpretability. Despite their popularity, there are almost no resources in the literature on how to compute Shannon's entropy and the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence for BNs under their most common distributional assumptions. In this paper, we provide computationally efficient algorithms for both by leveraging BNs' graphical structure, and we illustrate them with a complete set of numerical examples. In the process, we show it is possible to reduce the computational complexity of KL from cubic to quadratic for Gaussian BNs.
description: 32 pages, 4 figures
Near surface vortex lattice in NbSe₂ studies with low energy beta - NMR
Creators: name: Wang, Doug
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In this thesis, the magnetic field distribution in the vortex state of NbSe₂ is investigated with the technique of depth resolved β-detected NMR using a beam of highly polarized ⁸Li produced at the TRIUMF ISAC facility. The β-NMR lineshape is a direct measure of the local magnetic field distribution weighted according to the implantation profile of the ⁸Li beam. By varying the implantation energy between 1~ 30keV, one can control the average implantation depth corresponds in a range between 5 ~ 136nm. Above Tc = 7.OK a relatively narrow resonance is observed whose width is attributed to magnetic dipolar broadening from the ⁹³Nb nuclear moments. Below Tc a much broader asymmetric lineshape is observed, which is characteristic of a triangular magnetic vortex lattice. Modeling the magnetic field distribution allows one to determine both the effective in plane penetration depth λıı and the effective in plane coherence length ξıı or vortex core radius. In a magnetic field of 302mT, we obtain λıı = 279(30)nm and ξıı = 12(1)nm. In a smaller magnetic field of 10.84mT, the effective coherence length increases dramatically to a value of 77(10)nm. This is more than an order of magnitude larger than the expected from the coherence length in NbSe₂. The origin of the giant vortices is discussed. We propose an explanation involving the multiband nature of NbSe₂.
Chandra Observations of NGC 7212: Large-scale Extended Hard X-ray Emission
Creators: name: Jones, Mackenzie L.
name: Fabbiano, G.
name: Elvis, Martin
name: Paggi, A.
name: Karovska, M.
name: Maksym, W. P.
name: Siemiginowska, A.
name: Raymond, J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent observations of nearby Compton thick (CT) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with Chandra have resolved hard (>3 keV) X-ray emission extending out from the central supermassive black hole to kiloparsec scales, challenging the long-held belief that the characteristic hard X-ray continuum and fluorescent Fe K lines originate in the inner ~parsec due to the excitation of obscuring material. In this paper we present the results of the most recent Chandra ACIS-S observations of NGC 7212, a CT AGN in a compact group of interacting galaxies, with a total effective exposure of ~150 ks. We find ~20 percent of the observed emission is found outside of the central ~kiloparsec, with ~17 percent associated with the soft X-rays, and ~3 percent with hard X-ray continuum and Fe K line. This emission is extended both along the ionization cone and in the cross-cone direction up to ~3.8 kpc scales. The spectrum of NGC 7212 is best represented by a mixture of thermal and photoionization models that indicate the presence of complex gas interactions. These observations are consistent with what is observed in other CT AGN (e.g., ESO 428-G014, NGC 1068), providing further evidence that this may be a common phenomenon. High-resolution observations of extended CT AGN provide an especially valuable environment for understanding how AGN feedback impacts host galaxies on galactic scales.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 8 tables, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Understanding Search Trees via Statistical Physics
Creators: name: Majumdar, Satya N.
name: Dean, David S.
name: Krapivsky, P. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We study the random m-ary search tree model (where m stands for the number of branches of a search tree), an important problem for data storage in computer science, using a variety of statistical physics techniques that allow us to obtain exact asymptotic results. In particular, we show that the probability distributions of extreme observables associated with a random search tree such as the height and the balanced height of a tree have a traveling front structure. In addition, the variance of the number of nodes needed to store a data string of a given size N is shown to undergo a striking phase transition at a critical value of the branching ratio m_c=26. We identify the mechanism of this phase transition, show that it is generic and occurs in various other problems as well. New results are obtained when each element of the data string is a D-dimensional vector. We show that this problem also has a phase transition at a critical dimension, D_c= π/\sin^{-1}(1/\sqrt{8})=8.69363...
description: 11 pages, 8 .eps figures included. Invited contribution to STATPHYS-22 held at Bangalore (India) in July 2004. To appear in the proceedings of STATPHYS-22
P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS): An Active Centaur in Imminent Transition to the Jupiter Family
Creators: name: Steckloff, Jordan
name: Sarid, Gal
name: Volk, Kathryn
name: Kareta, Theodore
name: Womack, Maria
name: Harris, Walter
name: Woodney, Laura
name: Schambeau, Charles
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The recently discovered object P/2019 LD2 (ATLAS) was initially thought to be a Jupiter Trojan asteroid, until dynamical studies and the appearance of persistent cometary activity revealed that this object is actually an active Centaur. However, the dynamical history, thermal environment, and impact of such environments on the activity of 2019 LD2 are poorly understood. Here we conduct dynamical simulations to constrain its orbital history and resulting thermal environment over the past 3000 years. We find that 2019 LD2 is currently in the vicinity of a dynamical "Gateway" that facilitates the majority of transitions from the Centaur population into the Jupiter Family of Comets (JFC population; Sarid et al. 2019). Our calculations show that it is unlikely to have spent significant amounts of time in the inner solar system, suggesting that its nucleus is relatively pristine in terms of physical, chemical, and thermal processing through its history. This could explain its relatively high level of distant activity as a recently activated primordial body. Finally, we find that the median frequency of transition from the Gateway population into the JFC population varies from once every ~3 years to less than once every 70 years, if 2019 LD2's nucleus is ~1 km in radius or greater than 3 km in radius. Forward modeling of 2019 LD2 shows that it will transition into the JFC population in 2063, representing the first known opportunity to observe the evolution of an active Centaur nucleus as it experiences this population-defining transition.
description: Submitted to AAS Journals for publication
With Great Humor Comes Great Developer Engagement
Creators: name: Tiwari, Deepika
name: Toady, Tim
name: Monperrus, Martin
name: Baudry, Benoit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The worldwide collaborative effort for the creation of software is technically and socially demanding. The more engaged developers are, the more value they impart to the software they create. Engaged developers, such as Margaret Hamilton programming Apollo 11, can succeed in tackling the most difficult engineering tasks. In this paper, we dive deep into an original vector of engagement - humor - and study how it fuels developer engagement. First, we collect qualitative and quantitative data about the humorous elements present within three significant, real-world software projects: faker, which helps developers introduce humor within their tests; lolcommits, which captures a photograph after each contribution made by a developer; and volkswagen, an exercise in satire, which accidentally led to the invention of an impactful software tool. Second, through a developer survey, we receive unique insights from 125 developers, who share their real-life experiences with humor in software. Our analysis of the three case studies highlights the prevalence of humor in software, and unveils the worldwide community of developers who are enthusiastic about both software and humor. We also learn about the caveats of humor in software through the valuable insights shared by our survey respondents. We report clear evidence that, when practiced responsibly, humor increases developer engagement and supports them in addressing hard engineering and cognitive tasks. The most actionable highlight of our work is that software tests and documentation are the best locations in code to practice humor.
Additional file 1 of Sea-level inundation and risk assessment along the south and southwest coasts of Sri Lanka
Creators: name: Lakshika Palamakumbure
name: Ratnayake, Amila Sandaruwan
name: H. M. Ranjith Premasiri
name: Nalin Prasanna Ratnayake
name: Jinadasa Katupotha
name: Nimila Dushyantha
name: Shanaka Weththasinghe
name: W. A. Panchala Weerakoon
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Science Policy

description: Additional file 1. Appendix
Extraction of coherent structures in a rotating turbulent flow experiment
Creators: name: Ruppert-Felsot, Jori E.
name: Praud, Olivier
name: Sharon, Eran
name: Swinney, Harry L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are used to extract and study the dynamics of coherent structures in a turbulent rotating fluid. Three-dimensional (3D) turbulence is generated by strong pumping through tubes at the bottom of a rotating tank (48.4 cm high, 39.4 cm diameter). This flow evolves toward two-dimensional (2D) turbulence with increasing height in the tank. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements on the quasi-2D flow reveal many long-lived coherent vortices with a wide range of sizes. The vorticity fields exhibit vortex birth, merger, scattering, and destruction. We separate the flow into a low-entropy ``coherent'' and a high-entropy ``incoherent'' component by thresholding the coefficients of the DWPT and DWT of the vorticity fields. Similar thresholdings using the Fourier transform and JPEG compression together with the Okubo-Weiss criterion are also tested for comparison. We find that the DWPT and DWT yield similar results and are much more efficient at representing the total flow than a Fourier-based method. Only about 3% of the large-amplitude coefficients of the DWPT and DWT are necessary to represent the coherent component and preserve the vorticity probability density function, transport properties, and spatial and temporal correlations. The remaining small amplitude coefficients represent the incoherent component, which has near Gaussian vorticity PDF, contains no coherent structures, rapidly loses correlation in time, and does not contribute significantly to the transport properties of the flow. This suggests that one can describe and simulate such turbulent flow using a relatively small number of wavelet or wavelet packet modes.
description: experimental work aprox 17 pages, 11 figures, accepted to appear in PRE, last few figures appear at the end. clarifications, added references, fixed typos
GASP XXIV. The history of abruptly quenched galaxies in clusters
Creators: name: Vulcani, B.
name: Fritz, J.
name: Poggianti, B. M.
name: Bettoni, D.
name: Franchetto, A.
name: Moretti, A.
name: Gullieuszik, M.
name: Yaffe, Y. L.
name: Biviano, A.
name: Radovich, M.
name: Mingozzi, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of cluster post starburst galaxies gives useful insights on the physical processes quenching the star formation in the most massive environments. Exploiting the MUSE data of the GAs Stripping Phenomena in galaxies (GASP) project, we characterise the quenching history of 8 local cluster galaxies that were selected for not showing emission lines in their fiber spectra. We inspect the integrated colors, the Hb rest frame equivalent widths (EW), star formation histories (SFHs) and luminosity-weighted age (LWA) maps finding no signs of current star formation throughout the disks of these early-spiral/S0 galaxies. All of them have been passive for at least 20 Myr, but their SF declined on different timescales. In most of them the outskirts reached undetectable SFRs before the inner regions (outside-in quenching). Our sample includes three post-starforming galaxies, two passive galaxies and three galaxies with intermediate properties. The first population shows blue colors, deep Hb in absorption (EW>>2.8A), young ages (8.8
description: 24 pages, 10 figures accepted for publication in ApJ
A MultiWavelength Study of the Symbiotic Mira HM Sge with SOFIA and HST
Creators: name: Goldman, Steven
name: Sankrit, Ravi
name: Montiel, Edward
name: Garner, Sean
name: Wolthuis, Nathan
name: Karnath, Nicole
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have targeted the dusty symbiotic mira system HM Sge with four instruments from the IR to the UV. We have used these observations along with archival observations to study how the system has been evolving after its 1975 nova-like outburst. We have detected ro-vibrational water emission in a symbiotic system for the first time using new EXES high spectral resolution infrared spectroscopy. The features, detected in emission, have velocities consistent with the systemic velocity but do not show any clear evidence of high velocity outflows. Mid-infrared photometry and grism spectroscopy show that the oxygen-rich Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB) dust and dust output has shown little to no change over the past 39 years. In the optical/UV, we detect three main [NII] nebular features that were detected 22 years ago. Two of these features show a small amount of movement corresponding to average outflows speeds of 38 kms and 78 kms since they were previously observed; some previously detected [NII] features are no longer visible. New UV spectroscopy has shown that the nebular environment continues to steadily relax after the system's 1975 outburst. The data suggest however, that the hot component has increased in temperature from 200,000 K in 1989 to now greater than 250,000 K. Our new and archival observations suggest that the evolution of the system after its outburst is swift with little to no major changes after a period of a couple years.
description: Accepted in ApJ
Additional file 1 of The impact of parental psychopathology and sociodemographic factors in selective mutism - a nationwide population-based study
Creators: name: Koskela, Miina
name: Chudal, Roshan
name: Luntamo, Terhi
name: Suominen, Auli
name: Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
name: Sourander, Andre
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary Table S1. Inclusion and exclusion criteria of Selective Mutism. Supplementary Table S2. Diagnostic categories and codes for parental psychiatric disorders. Supplementary Table S3. Diagnostic categories and codes for comorbid psychiatric disorders in children. Supplementary Table S4. Covariate testing for maternal psychopathology. Supplementary Table S5. Covariate testing for parental psychopathology. Supplementary Table S6. Covariate testing for paternal age. Supplementary Table S7. Covariate testing for maternal age. Supplementary Table S8. sensitivity analyses for a group without comorbid diagnoses. Supplementary Table S9. Comparison of risk factors in the total SM sample and in SM cases diagnosed since 1998. Supplementary Table S10. Sensitivity analyses for a group without parental diagnoses before 1998. Supplementary Table S11. Sensitivity analyses for a group without parental diagnoses before 1998 and without cases diagnosed only before 1998.
A scalable random forest regressor for combining neutron-star equation of state measurements: A case study with GW170817 and GW190425
Creators: name: Vivanco, Francisco Hernandez
name: Smith, Rory
name: Thrane, Eric
name: Lasky, Paul D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gravitational-wave observations of binary neutron star coalescences constrain the neutron-star equation of state by enabling measurement of the tidal deformation of each neutron star. This deformation is determined by the tidal deformability parameter $Λ$, which was constrained using the first binary neutron star gravitational-wave observation, GW170817. Now, with the measurement of the second binary neutron star, GW190425, we can combine different gravitational-wave measurements to obtain tighter constraints on the neutron-star equation of state. In this paper, we combine data from GW170817 and GW190425 to place constraints on the neutron-star equation of state. To facilitate this calculation, we derive interpolated marginalized likelihoods for each event using a machine learning algorithm. These likelihoods, which we make publicly available, allow for results from multiple gravitational-wave signals to be easily combined. Using these new data products, we find that the radius of a fiducial 1.4 $M_\odot$ neutron star is constrained to $11.6^{+1.6}_{-0.9}$ km at 90% confidence and the pressure at twice the nuclear saturation density is constrained to $3.1^{+3.1}_{-1.3}\times10^{34}$ dyne/cm$^2$ at 90% confidence. This result is dominated by GW170817 and is consistent with findings from other works.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Uncertainty Inference with Applications to Control and Decision
Creators: name: Chen, Xinjia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: In many areas of engineering and sciences, decision rules and control strategies are usually designed based on nominal values of relevant system parameters. To ensure that a control strategy or decision rule will work properly when the relevant parameters vary within certain range, it is crucial to investigate how the performance measure is affected by the variation of system parameters. In this paper, we demonstrate that such issue boils down to the study of the variation of functions of uncertainty. Motivated by this vision, we propose a general theory for inferring function of uncertainties. By virtue of such theory, we investigate concentration phenomenon of random vectors. We derive uniform exponential inequalities and multidimensional probabilistic inequalities for random vectors, which are substantially tighter as compared to existing ones. The probabilistic inequalities are applied to investigate the performance of control systems with real parametric uncertainty. It is demonstrated much more useful insights of control systems can be obtained. Moreover, the probabilistic inequalities offer performance analysis in a significantly less conservative way as compared to the classical deterministic worst-case method.
description: 23 pages, one figure, in Proceedings of SPIE, April 2020
Finding binaries from phase modulation of pulsating stars with \textit{Kepler}: VI. Orbits for 10 new binaries with mischaracterised primaries
Creators: name: Murphy, Simon J.
name: Barbara, Nicholas H.
name: Hey, Daniel
name: Bedding, Timothy R.
name: Fulcher, Ben D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring phase modulation in pulsating stars has proved to be a highly successful way of finding binary systems. The class of pulsating main-sequence A and F variables known as delta Scuti stars are particularly good targets for this, and the \textit{Kepler} sample of these has been almost fully exploited. However, some \textit{Kepler} $δ$ Scuti stars have incorrect temperatures in stellar properties catalogues, and were missed in previous analyses. We used an automated pulsation classification algorithm to find 93 new $δ$ Scuti pulsators among tens of thousands of F-type stars, which we then searched for phase modulation attributable to binarity. We discovered 10 new binary systems and calculated their orbital parameters, which we compared with those of binaries previously discovered in the same way. The results suggest that some of the new companions may be white dwarfs.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures that make liberal use of colour
Oxidation tuning of ferroic transitions in Gd$_2$C monolayer
Creators: name: Yang, Xinyu
name: Dong, Shuai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Tuning of ferroic phases provides great opportunities for material functionalities, especially in two-dimensional materials. Here, a $4f$ rare-earth carbide Gd$_2$C monolayer is predicted to be ferromagnetic metal with large magnetization, inherited from its bulk property. Based on first-principles calculations, we propose a strategy that the surface passivation can effectively tune its ferroicity, namely switching among ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and ferroelectric phases. Metal-insulator transition also occurs accompanying these ferroic transitions. Our calculation also suggests that the magneto-optic Kerr effect and second harmonic generation are effective methods to monitor these phase transitions.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Inertial effects of an accelerating black hole
Creators: name: Bini, D.
name: Cherubini, C.
name: Mashhoon, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the static vacuum C metric that represents the gravitational field of a black hole of mass $m$ undergoing uniform translational acceleration $A$ such that $mA<1/(3\sqrt{3})$. The influence of the inertial acceleration on the exterior perturbations of this background are investigated. In particular, we find no evidence for a direct spin-acceleration coupling.
description: Proceedings of the XVI Conference of the Italian Society for General Relativity and Gravitation (SIGRAV), Vietri (SA), September 13-16, 2004. Prepared using revtex4 macros
In vivo near-infrared fluorescence imaging of skin and cutaneous melanin
Creators: name: Han, Xiao
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: In this Medical Physics M Sc project, a near-infrared (NlR) fluorescence imaging system was built for in-vivo diagnosis and evaluation of pigmented skin abnormalities and diseases. Light coming from a 785 nm diode laser is coupled into a ring light guide to uniformly illuminate the skin surface with a field-of-view (FOV) of 25 mm diameter The diffuse reflectance and emitted fluorescence photons are collected by an NIR-sensitive CCD camera, with computer-controlled filter switch to select between reflectance mode and fluorescence mode. Both reflectance and fluorescence images of skin disorders were obtained with an exposure time of 2 seconds. The results show that cutaneous melanin in pigmented skin disorders emits higher NIR autofluorescence (AF) than surrounding normal tissue. This finding challanged the conventional concept that melanin is a non-fluorescence substance. The developed NIR autofluorescence imaging method also provided a new and direct way to characterize cutaneous melanin and can potentially be used for evaluation and diagnosis of pigmented skin diseases and skin cancers, such as melanoma.
FreqFed: A Frequency Analysis-Based Approach for Mitigating Poisoning Attacks in Federated Learning
Creators: name: Fereidooni, Hossein
name: Pegoraro, Alessandro
name: Rieger, Phillip
name: Dmitrienko, Alexandra
name: Sadeghi, Ahmad-Reza
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Federated learning (FL) is a collaborative learning paradigm allowing multiple clients to jointly train a model without sharing their training data. However, FL is susceptible to poisoning attacks, in which the adversary injects manipulated model updates into the federated model aggregation process to corrupt or destroy predictions (untargeted poisoning) or implant hidden functionalities (targeted poisoning or backdoors). Existing defenses against poisoning attacks in FL have several limitations, such as relying on specific assumptions about attack types and strategies or data distributions or not sufficiently robust against advanced injection techniques and strategies and simultaneously maintaining the utility of the aggregated model. To address the deficiencies of existing defenses, we take a generic and completely different approach to detect poisoning (targeted and untargeted) attacks. We present FreqFed, a novel aggregation mechanism that transforms the model updates (i.e., weights) into the frequency domain, where we can identify the core frequency components that inherit sufficient information about weights. This allows us to effectively filter out malicious updates during local training on the clients, regardless of attack types, strategies, and clients' data distributions. We extensively evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of FreqFed in different application domains, including image classification, word prediction, IoT intrusion detection, and speech recognition. We demonstrate that FreqFed can mitigate poisoning attacks effectively with a negligible impact on the utility of the aggregated model.
description: To appear in the Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2024. 16 pages, 8 figures, 12 tables, 1 algorithm, 3 equations
The steady-state structure of accretion discs in central magnetic fields
Creators: name: Matthews, O. M.
name: Speith, R.
name: Truss, M. R.
name: Wynn, G. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a new analytic solution for the steady-state structure of a thin accretion disc under the influence of a magnetic field that is anchored to the central star. The solution takes a form similar to that of Shakura and Sunyaev and tends to their solution as the magnetic moment of the star tends to zero. As well as the Kramer's law case, we obtain a solution for a general opacity. The effects of varying the mass transfer rate, spin period and magnetic field of the star as well as the opacity model applied to the disc are explored for a range of objects. The solution depends on the position of the magnetic truncation radius. We propose a new approach for the identification of the truncation radius and present an analytic expression for its position.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, accepted by MNRAS
Additional file 3 of Promoter methylation changes in ALOX12 and AIRE1: novel epigenetic markers for atherosclerosis
Creators: name: Kim, Jee Yeon
name: Bong-Geun Choi
name: Jelinek, Jaroslav
name: Kim, Dae Hyun
name: Lee, Seo Hyun
name: Kwangjo Cho
name: Rha, Seo Hee
name: Lee, Young Ho
name: Jin, Hyo Sun
name: Dae-Kyoung Choi
name: Geun-Eun Kim
name: Kwon, Sun U.
name: Junha Hwang
name: Cha, Jae Kwan
name: Sukhoon Lee
name: Issa, Jean-Pierre J.
name: Jei Kim
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Additional file 3: Table S2. Primer sequences targeting methylated or unmethylated alleles for methylation-specific polymerase chain reactions of the 16 genes identified via methylated CpG-island amplification-Solexa sequencing
The connection between elastic scattering cross sections and acoustic vibrations of an embedded nanoparticle
Creators: name: Saviot, L.
name: Murray, D. B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Arbitrary waves incident on a solid embedded nanoparticle are studied. The acoustic vibrational frequencies are shown to correspond to the poles of the scattering cross section in the complex frequency plane. The location of the poles is unchanged even if the incident wave is nonplanar. A second approach approximating the infinite matrix as a very large shell surrounding the nanoparticle provides an alternate way of predicting the mode frequencies. The wave function of the vibration is also provided.
description: Accepted for publication in physica status solidi (c) (C) (2003) WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Proceedings of Phonons2004
Multi-point Taylor Expansions of Analytic Functions
Creators: name: López, José L.
name: Temme, Nico M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 30B10, 30E20, 40A30

description: Taylor expansions of analytic functions are considered with respect to several points, allowing confluence of any of them. Cauchy-type formulas are given for coefficients and remainders in the expansions, and the regions of convergence are indicated. It is explained how these expansions can be used in deriving uniform asymptotic expansions of integrals. The method is also used for obtaining Laurent expansions in several points as well as Taylor-Laurent expansions.
description: 20 pages, 7 figures. Keywords: multi-point Taylor expansions, Cauchy's theorem, analytic functions, multi-point Laurent expansions, uniform asymptotic expansions of integrals
تنمية الاستزراع السمكى فى مصر المعوقات والأفاق المستقبلية
Creators: name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Gaber Amer, Mohamed
name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Gaber Amer, Mohamed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Farm Management
subject: Aquaculture development in Egypt
subject: impediments and future prospectsو

description: International Conference on the twenty-fifth of Statistics and Computer Science, science, social 06/11/2000
دراسة اقتصادية لمنظومة سوق الأراضى الزراعية فى القرية المصرية
Creators: name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Mahmoud Rezq, Ragaa
name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Mahmoud Rezq, Ragaa
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1991
Subjects: subject: Community/Rural/Urban Development
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Public Economics
subject: An economic study of the system of agricultural land market in the Egyptian village
subject: Egyptian village
subject: agricultural land market

description: Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 1, No 1, March 1991. Published by Egyptian Association of Agricultural Economics, Egypt
دراسة تحليلية لبعض العوامل المحددة لمساحة البرسيم المصرى
Creators: name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Abd Elkhaleq Imam, Shawkey
name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Abd Elkhaleq Imam, Shawkey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Farm Management
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Production Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Egypt
subject: clover

description: Although berseem is the most important feed source in Egypt, its area expands at the expenses of the food crops acreage. Long season berseem area increases at 3.3 % a year, which is direct response of its price growth at about 15 % a year, i.e. much higher than cotton and wheat prices growth. The agricultural policy recommends decreasing this area, in order to expand wheat and other alternative crops area. The study used two sample surveys conducted in 1985, to investigate the factors affecting the berseem area. Statistical inferences, relative frequency distributions, as well as multiple regression were used for the analytical purposes. The results showed that the livestock size and composition is one of the major factors which affected the berseem acreage. Whereas, long season berseem is mainly affected by the number of dairy animals, short season berseem is only affected by the fattening animals, beside the cotton acreage. The response of the farmers towards decreasing the long season berseem acreage at the international prices of wheat and cotton is very limited. Only, less than 30 % of the holders are expected to decrease the long season berseem area at high prices of competitive crops, i.e. at international equivalent prices.
description: Extracts from the 22th annual conference of Statistics and Computer Science and Operations Research, Vol(2) statistics. Cairo University. Institute of Statistical Studies and Research. December 1987
Total Energy in Supernova Neutrinos and the Tidal Deformability and Binding Energy of Neutron Stars
Creators: name: Reed, Brendan
name: Horowitz, C. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The energy radiated in supernova neutrinos is a fundamental quantity that is closely related to the gravitational binding energy of a neutron star. Recently the tidal deformability of neutron stars was constrained by gravitational wave observations. By considering several equations of state, we find a strong correlation between the tidal deformability and neutron star binding energy. We use this correlation to sharpen predictions of the binding energy of neutron stars and the total neutrino energy in supernovae. We find a minimum binding energy for a neutron star formed in a supernova of $\sim1.5\times 10^{53}$ ergs. Should the neutrino energy in a supernova be significantly below this value, it would strongly suggest new unobserved particles are carrying away some of the supernova energy. Alternatively, if the neutrino energy is observed above $\sim 6\times 10^{53}$ ergs, it would strongly imply the formation of a (perhaps surprisingly) massive neutron star.
description: 8 pages, 6 figures
دراسة تحليلية للانفاق الاستهلاكى وعلاقته بتخطيط الاستثمار
Creators: name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Abd Elkhaleq Imam, Shawkey
name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Abd Elkhaleq Imam, Shawkey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1987
Subjects: subject: Consumer/Household Economics
subject: Demand and Price Analysis
subject: Financial Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Analytical study of consumer spending and its relationship to investment planning
subject: investment
subject: planning
subject: consumer

description: Annual Scientific Conference XII Egyptian economists entitled "the economics of food security". The Egyptian Association for the political economy, statistics and legislation. November 1987. Cairo
رؤية مستقبلية لتنمية قطاع انتاج البروتين الحيواني فى ظل التحرر الاقتصادى
Creators: name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Soliman, Ibrahim
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1992
Subjects: subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Future vision for the development of animal protein production sector under the economic liberalization
subject: economic liberalization
subject: animal
subject: animal protein production sector

description: Second Scientific Conference on the role of scientific research in the advancement of livestock. Ministry of Scientific Research, Academy of Scientific Research and Technology, Livestock Research Council. Egyptian International Centre for Agriculture, 26 to 27 July 1992
Additional file 1 of The Brazilian Portuguese version of the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS-Br) showed acceptable reliability, validity and responsiveness in chronic low back pain
Creators: name: Lira, Mariana Romano De
name: Oliveira, Anamaria Siriani De
name: França, Roberta Aniceto
name: Pereira, Ana Claudia
name: Godfrey, Emma L.
name: Chaves, Thais Cristina
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Science Policy
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1. The full version Exercise Adherence Rating Scale in Brazilian Portuguese is available as Supplementary File
سوق الالبان ومنتجاتها بين الواقع والمأمول
Creators: name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Mashhour, Ahmed
name: Soliman, Ibrahim
name: Mashhour, Ahmed
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: Production Economics
subject: Public Economics
subject: Dairy products market between reality and expectations
subject: Dairy products market

description: Project study of animal products marketing systems in Egypt. Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University. Academy of Scientific Research, Livestock Research Council. November 2007.