cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A ${\bf 1.4}$ deg${\bf ^2}$ blind survey for CII], CIII] and CIV at ${\bf z\sim0.7-1.5}$. II: luminosity functions and cosmic average line ratios
Creators: name: Stroe, Andra
name: Sobral, David
name: Matthee, Jorryt
name: Calhau, João
name: Oteo, Ivan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recently, the CIII] and CIV emission lines have been observed in galaxies in the early Universe ($z>5$), providing new ways to measure their redshift and study their stellar populations and AGN. We explore the first blind CII], CIII] and CIV survey ($z\sim0.68, 1.05, 1.53$, respectively) presented in Stroe et al. (2017). We derive luminosity functions (LF) and study properties of CII], CIII] and CIV line emitters through comparisons to the LFs of H$α$ and Ly$α$ emitters, UV selected star forming (SF) galaxies and quasars at similar redshifts. The CII] LF at $z\sim0.68$ is equally well described by a Schechter or a power-law LF, characteristic of a mixture of SF and AGN activity. The CIII] LF ($z\sim1.05$) is consistent to a scaled down version of the Schechter H$α$ and Ly$α$ LF at their redshift, indicating a SF origin. In stark contrast, the CIV LF at $z\sim1.53$ is well fit by a power-law, quasar-like LF. We find that the brightest UV sources ($M_{UV}
description: Accepted for publication to MNRAS. Comments welcome! 11 pages, 7 figures, 5 tables. Paper I can be found here: https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.10169
On the realistic validation of photometric redshifts, or why Teddy will never be Happy
Creators: name: Beck, R.
name: Lin, C. -A.
name: Ishida, E. E. O.
name: Gieseke, F.
name: de Souza, R. S.
name: Costa-Duarte, M. V.
name: Hattab, M. W.
name: Krone-Martins, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two of the main problems encountered in the development and accurate validation of photometric redshift (photo-z) techniques are the lack of spectroscopic coverage in feature space (e.g. colours and magnitudes) and the mismatch between photometric error distributions associated with the spectroscopic and photometric samples. Although these issues are well known, there is currently no standard benchmark allowing a quantitative analysis of their impact on the final photo-z estimation. In this work, we present two galaxy catalogues, Teddy and Happy, built to enable a more demanding and realistic test of photo-z methods. Using photometry from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and spectroscopy from a collection of sources, we constructed datasets which mimic the biases between the underlying probability distribution of the real spectroscopic and photometric sample. We demonstrate the potential of these catalogues by submitting them to the scrutiny of different photo-z methods, including machine learning (ML) and template fitting approaches. Beyond the expected bad results from most ML algorithms for cases with missing coverage in feature space, we were able to recognize the superiority of global models in the same situation and the general failure across all types of methods when incomplete coverage is convoluted with the presence of photometric errors - a data situation which photo-z methods were not trained to deal with up to now and which must be addressed by future large scale surveys. Our catalogues represent the first controlled environment allowing a straightforward implementation of such tests. The data are publicly available within the COINtoolbox (https://github.com/COINtoolbox/photoz_catalogues).
description: 19 pages, 10 figures. Minor revision accepted by MNRAS on 2017 March 16
Non-Markovian dynamics of reaction coordinate in polymer folding
Creators: name: Sakaue, Takahiro
name: Walter, Jean-Charles
name: Carlon, Enrico
name: Vanderzande, Carlo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop a theoretical description of the critical zipping dynamics of a self-folding polymer. We use tension propagation theory and the formalism of the generalized Langevin equation applied to a polymer that contains two complementary parts which can bind to each other. At the critical temperature, the (un)zipping is unbiased and the two strands open and close as a zipper. The number of closed base pairs $n(t)$ displays a subdiffusive motion characterized by a variance growing as $\langle Δn^2(t) \rangle \sim t^α$ with $α< 1$ at long times. Our theory provides an estimate of both the asymptotic anomalous exponent $α$ and of the subleading correction term, which are both in excellent agreement with numerical simulations. The results indicate that the tension propagation theory captures the relevant features of the dynamics and shed some new insights on related polymer problems characterized by anomalous dynamical behavior.
description: 8 pages, 3 figures, submitted
Information sur la tchalémine (ici une cornemuse)
Creators: name: Musée National Des Arts Et Traditions Populaires (Paris)
name: Centre D'ethnologie Française
Publisher: name: École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales; Institut  interdisciplinaire d'anthropologie du contemporain (Paris); Laboratoire d'anthropologie et d'histoire de l'institution de la culture (Paris)
Year: 2022

Abstract
On the spinor norm in the unitary groups
Creators: name: Van Dinh, Ngo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11E57

description: Let $F$ be a field of odd characteristic, $E$ be a finite extension of $F$ equipped an involution with subfield of fixed points $E_0$ containing $F$ and $V$ be a finite dimensional $E$-vector space with a non-degenerate hermitian form $h$. We show a link between the spinor norm in the unitary group $U(V,h)$ and the calculus of determinants and discriminants. Then we show a formula which links the spinor norm in $U(V,h)$ and the spinor norm in the orthogonal group $O(V,b_h)$ defined by a non-degenerate symmetric bilinear form $b_h$ associated to $h$.
description: 5 pages
Poster: Revocation in VANETs Based on k-ary Huffman Trees
Creators: name: Martín-Fernández, Francisco
name: Caballero-Gil, Pino
name: Caballero-Gil, Cándido
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: One of the biggest problems of vehicular ad-hoc networks is revocation. The efficient management of such issue has become one of the major paradigms in this area of research. A solution proposed here is based on the use of authenticated data structures like revocation trees to replace the classical and inefficient certificate revocation lists. In particular, the idea of this paper is to propose the use of k-ary hash trees, Huffman coding and a duplex version of the SHA-3 hash function, to optimize insertions and searches in the revocation structure. Thus, the inclusion of a new certificate revoked in the tree, only implies a new iteration of the duplex construction of the hash function, avoiding recalculating the entire hashes and the entire tree. Furthermore, a k-ary Huffman tree is used to insert leaf nodes at different levels so that those revoked nodes that are more queried, are located closer to the root node position, so the revocation proof is smaller for those vehicles that spend more time on the roads. This paper details a method to calculate the optimum value $k$ for the k-ary tree in order to optimize the revocation proof size. Therefore, the proposal described here improves both the insertion of new revoked certificates in the revocation structure and the search of revoked certificates in the revocation structure. This paper is part of a work in progress, so that we plan to implement the scheme in real scenarios to get ideal values of the parameters and comparisons with other schemes.
Temporal processing of slow amplitude modulations and consonant in noise perception in children using cochlear implants
Creators: name: Zuccarelli, Élodie
name: Benoit, Charlotte
name: Varnet, Léo
name: Lorenzi, Christian
name: Cabrera, Laurianne
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of auditory temporal processing and speech in noise abilities in children using cochlear implants (CI) in order to identify potential predictors of cochlear implantation success in childhood.

We included 25 children aged 5 to 12 years, implanted before the age of 4 years. They performed several psychophysical tasks measuring 1) AM detection thresholds for a slow modulation rate (8 Hz), 2) AM masking, 3) consonant identification thresholds in a stationary speech-shaped noise. The AM tasks were directly delivered through one electrode of the implant using a research interface provided by Advance Bionics (direct stimulation). Moreover, children with CI completed standardized assessments of receptive vocabulary, communication skills, non-verbal reasoning, non-verbal working memory and the level of parental education was registered. Their perceptive thresholds were compared to two groups of children with normal-hearing (NH), matched either in chronological age, or in hearing age.

The results showed no effect of age on 8Hz-AM detection thresholds and children using CIs who were electrically stimulated showed better AM detection thresholds than acoustically stimulated children with NH. However, children using CIs showed significantly the worst thresholds in the masking condition. Children with CIs showed poorer consonant identification thresholds in noise compared to children with NH. Finally, regression analyses indicated that the only significant predictor of consonant identification in noise was parental education. No relationship between AM detection thresholds and consonant perception in noise was observed.

In conclusion, the processing of masked AM in children using CIs is not similar to their NH peers of the same chronological or hearing age. Their ability to identify consonants in stationary noise was impaired but not significantly related to AM processing at 8Hz. Further studies are required to assess the value of other psychoacoustic tests that can be used clinically to better predict language learning in children using CIs.
SN 1986J VLBI. III. The Central Component Becomes Dominant
Creators: name: Bietenholz, Michael F.
name: Bartel, Norbert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new 5-GHz global-VLBI image of supernova 1986J, observed in 2014 at $t=31.6$ yr after the explosion, and compare it to previous images to show the evolution of the supernova. Our new image has a dynamic range of ~100 and a background rms noise level of 5.9 $μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$. There is no significant linear polarization, with the image peak being $
description: Accepted to for publication in the Astrophysical Journal (revised according to referee's suggestions) 9 pages, 4 figures. Animation available in source package
Unveiling a Health Disparity: Comparative Analysis of Head and Neck Cancer Trends between First Nations People and Non-Indigenous Australians (1998–2015)
Creators: name: Khan, Lamia Fahad
name: Tadakamadla, Santosh
name: Tadakamadla, Jyothi
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 32
subject: Biomedical and clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3202
subject: Clinical sciences
classificationCode: 3211
subject: Oncology and carcinogenesis

description: Background: We aim to assess and compare the HNC trends between the First Nations and non-Indigenous population. Methods: HNC incidence (1998–2013) and mortality (1998–2015) data in First Nations people and non-Indigenous Australians were utilised from the Australian Cancer Database. The age-standardised incidence and mortality trends along with annual percentage changes were analysed using Joinpoint models. Age-standardised incidence and mortality rates according to remoteness, states, and five-year survival rates among First Nations people and non-Indigenous Australians were presented as graphs. Results: First Nations people had over twice the age-standardised incidence (2013; 29.8/100,000 vs. 14.7/100,000) and over 3.5 times the age-standardised mortality rates (2015; 14.2/100,000 vs. 4.1/100,000) than their non-Indigenous counterparts. Both populations saw a decline in mortality, but the decline was only statistically significant in non-Indigenous Australians (17.1% decline, 1998: 4.8/100,000, 2015: 4.1/100,000; p < 0.05). Across all remoteness levels and states, First Nations people consistently had higher age-standardised incidence and mortality rates. Furthermore, the five-year survival rate was lower by 25% in First Nations people. Conclusion: First Nations people continue to shoulder a disproportionate HNC burden compared to non-Indigenous Australians.
Spin alignment of stars in old open clusters
Creators: name: Corsaro, Enrico
name: Lee, Yueh-Ning
name: García, Rafael A.
name: Hennebelle, Patrick
name: Mathur, Savita
name: Beck, Paul G.
name: Mathis, Stephane
name: Stello, Dennis
name: Bouvier, Jérôme
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Stellar clusters form by gravitational collapse of turbulent molecular clouds, with up to several thousand stars per cluster. They are thought to be the birthplace of most stars and therefore play an important role in our understanding of star formation, a fundamental problem in astrophysics. The initial conditions of the molecular cloud establish its dynamical history until the stellar cluster is born. However, the evolution of the cloud's angular momentum during cluster formation is not well understood. Current observations have suggested that turbulence scrambles the angular momentum of the cluster-forming cloud, preventing spin alignment amongst stars within a cluster. Here we use asteroseismology to measure the inclination angles of spin axes in 48 stars from the two old open clusters NGC~6791 and NGC~6819. The stars within each cluster show strong alignment. Three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of proto-cluster formation show that at least 50 % of the initial proto-cluster kinetic energy has to be rotational in order to obtain strong stellar-spin alignment within a cluster. Our result indicates that the global angular momentum of the cluster-forming clouds was efficiently transferred to each star and that its imprint has survived after several gigayears since the clusters formed.
description: 14 pages, 3 figures, 1 table. Published in Nature Astronomy
Nonlocal Inpainting of Manifold-valued Data on Finite Weighted Graphs
Creators: name: Bergmann, Ronny
name: Tenbrinck, Daniel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Recently, there has been a strong ambition to translate models and algorithms from traditional image processing to non-Euclidean domains, e.g., to manifold-valued data. While the task of denoising has been extensively studied in the last years, there was rarely an attempt to perform image inpainting on manifold-valued data. In this paper we present a nonlocal inpainting method for manifold-valued data given on a finite weighted graph. We introduce a new graph infinity-Laplace operator based on the idea of discrete minimizing Lipschitz extensions, which we use to formulate the inpainting problem as PDE on the graph. Furthermore, we derive an explicit numerical solving scheme, which we evaluate on two classes of synthetic manifold-valued images.
The Beneficial Role of Mobility for the Emergence of Innovation
Creators: name: Armano, Giuliano
name: Javarone, Marco Alberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Innovation is a key ingredient for the evolution of several systems, including social and biological ones. Focused investigations and lateral thinking may lead to innovation, as well as serendipity and other random discovery processes. Some individuals are talented at proposing innovation (say innovators), while others at deeply exploring proposed novelties, at getting further insights on a theory, or at developing products, services, and so on (say developers). This separation in terms of innovators and developers raises an issue of paramount importance: under which conditions a system is able to maintain innovators? According to a simple model, this work investigates the evolutionary dynamics that characterize the emergence of innovation. In particular, we consider a population of innovators and developers, in which agents form small groups whose composition is crucial for their payoff. The latter depends on the heterogeneity of the formed groups, on the amount of innovators they include, and on an award-factor that represents the policy of the system for promoting innovation. Under the hypothesis that a "mobility" effect may support the emergence of innovation, we compare the equilibria reached by our population in different cases. Results confirm the beneficial role of "mobility", and the emergence of further interesting phenomena.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures
Additional file 1 of Oncologic oUTcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for obSTructive colon cAncer after steNt decompression (OUTSTAND trial); A study protocol of multicenter non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
Creators: name: Kye, Bong-Hyeon
name: Kim, Ji-Hoon
name: Kim, Hyung-Jin
name: Lee, Yoon-Suk
name: Lee, In-Kyu
name: Kang, Won Kyung
name: Cho, Hyeon-Min
name: Park, Jong-Kyung
name: Ahn, Chang-Hyeok
name: Lee, Jae-Im
name: Oh, Seong-Taek
name: Choi, Byung Jo
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: Supplementary Material 1
An interactive evaluation of gaze-directed beamforming in noisy conversations
Creators: name: Culling, John
name: d'Olne, Emilie
name: Powell, NIamh
name: Davies, Bryn D.
name: Naylor, Patrick
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Gaze-directed beamforming has potential for future hearing aids by selecting sound from the direction of the user’s gaze. Gaze control is intended to allow users to redirect the beam to the current speaker, but its overall effectiveness in continuous conversation with natural exchanges of the conversational floor has not been evaluated. We evaluated the effectiveness using a simulation of an 8-microphone array mounted on spectacles. In phase 1, participants watched 6 segments (165 seconds each) of a zoom call between two parties located at ±15˚. Interfering talkers were added in at 0˚, ±60˚, ±135˚ and 180˚. One condition simulated binaural hearing over headphones using head-related transfer functions. The other condition used an eye-tracker to select filters for each source and for each video frame from a look-up table. The table was based on the predicted directionality of the microphone array in diffuse noise for a minimum-variance distortionless response beamformer. The participant’s gaze and the headphone output were recorded. Participants completed a short questionnaire about the conversation after listening to each segment. In phase 2, the intelligibility of each sentence was measured formally. Each individual participant's recording was presented to a new participant, sentence-by-sentence for transcription. An individually tailored video cut back and forth between the two talkers in accordance with the eye-tracking record of the corresponding phase-1 participant in order to provide identical lip-reading cues. In phase 1, the scores on the questionnaire were approximately doubled by use of the beamformer and, in phase 2, the number of words correctly transcribed also doubled.
DMP4NFDI - NFDI Basic Service for Data Management Plans
Creators: name: Diederichs, Katja
name: Förstner, Konrad
name: Hausen, Daniela
name: Jagusch, Gerald
name: Johannsen, Jochen
name: Lindstädt, Birte
name: Schmitz, Dominik
name: Schönau, Sabine
name: Stäcker, Thomas
name: Windeck, Jürgen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This proposal outlines DMP4NFDI, a centralized Basic Service for NFDI-wide data management plans (DMPs) and software management plans (SMPs), addressing critical gaps in the NFDI infrastructure for their use and application. In addition to centrally hosting the open-source DMP tool RDMO, the service will coordinate template creation, content standardization, and provide guidance through training and support to consortial staff responsible for DMPs. These measures aim to facilitate discipline-specific DMP templates in standardized, machine-readable, and interoperable formats, enhancing communication among stakeholders and services involved in an RDM process, supporting processes like data collection and review. The initialization phase includes engaging consortia as early adopters to refine requirements, support the development of DMP templates, creating a DMP template framework for the NFDI and prototypes for service integrations in RDMO. The service aims to maximize the benefits of a widespread adoption and utilization of DMPs for the entire research data ecosystem of the NFDI by fostering interoperability and integration of DMPs with RDMO across the NFDI through its central coordination.
Analytical results for a coagulation/decoagulation model on an inhomogeneous lattice
Creators: name: Crampe, Nicolas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B23, 81R12

description: We show that an inhomogeneous coagulation/decoagulation model can be mapped to a quadratic fermionic model via a Jordan-Wigner transformation. The spectrum for this inhomogeneous model is computed exactly and the spectral gap is described for some examples. We construct our inhomogeneous model from two different homogeneous models joined by one special bond (impurity). The homogeneous models we started with are the coagulation/decoagulation models studied previously using the Jordan-Wigner transformation.
Accurate uncertainty estimation in crowded fields: adaptive optics and speckle data
Creators: name: Gallego-Cano, E.
name: Schödel, R.
name: Gallego-Calvente, A. T.
name: Ghez, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Optimal error estimation is key to achieve accurate photometry and astrometry. Stellar fluxes and positions in high angular resolution images are typically measured with PSF fitting routines, such as StarFinder. However, the formal uncertainties computed by these software packages tend to seriously underestimate the relevant uncertainties. We present a new approach to deal with this problem using a resampling method to obtain robust and reliable uncertainties without loss of sensitivity.
Time of exposure for a reliable pupil dilation response to unexpected sounds
Creators: name: Saksida, Amanda
name: Granieri, Niccolò
name: Orzan, Eva
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Introduction: Pupil dilation can serve as a measure of auditory attention and as an additional measure of hearing threshold. Studies in infants and adults show a difference in responses to speech and other sounds. It is unknown, however, how much exposure is needed to reliably observe this difference at a comfortable levels of intensity, how reliable is the measure of pupil diameter response (PDR) in individuals at various intensity levels, and whether we can observe systematic differences in the response to the specific type of deviant sounds.

Methods: We observed the PDR to tones and speech (ling-6-sounds) stimuli during passive listening at different intensities in two groups of young adults (N = 24, ME = 29 years, DS = 3.9, 11 females). An oddball paradigm with 20% of deviant sounds was used in both experiments. The time windows, in which the presence of a deviant sound elicited PDR compared to the standard sound across different intensity levels, were estimated by computing the cluster-based statistic using the permuted likelihood ratio tests. The averaged values of these time windows were used to model the group responses and predict individual performance.

Results: In both groups, the augmented PDR was associated with deviant sound stimuli. At the highest tested intensity level (70 dB, reported as comfortable by all participants), the analysis of 10 deviant and 10 standard trials (but not smaller amount of data) yielded reliable model predictions (tones: sensitivity = 0.83; sensitivity = 0.75, positive-predictive-value (PPV) = 0.77; speech: sensitivity = 0.83; sensitivity = 0.5, PPV = 0.63). Averaged raw data per participant yielded even higher PPVs (0.92 and 0.83). Further analysis revealed that in the tone experiment, only high frequency deviant tones (2 & 4 kHz) elicited significant change in PDR, whereas in the speech experiment, consonants (/ss/ and /sh/) but not vowels (/i/, /u/) elicited significant change in PDR.

Discussion: In this study, the minimal amount of exposure to tone and speech stimuli at the comfortable hearing level needed to fit a regression model and to reliably predict the performance in individual participants was measured. This represents the necessary step in creating the PDR-based adaptive procedure with which auditory attention can be measured. We also show that the PDR does not only depend on the type of the sound (speech, noise, tones) but also on the internal categories (e.g. vowels vs voiceless consonants).
On the "Calligraphy" of Books
Creators: name: Marinho, Vanessa Q.
name: de Arruda, Henrique F.
name: Lima, Thales S.
name: Costa, Luciano F.
name: Amancio, Diego R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Authorship attribution is a natural language processing task that has been widely studied, often by considering small order statistics. In this paper, we explore a complex network approach to assign the authorship of texts based on their mesoscopic representation, in an attempt to capture the flow of the narrative. Indeed, as reported in this work, such an approach allowed the identification of the dominant narrative structure of the studied authors. This has been achieved due to the ability of the mesoscopic approach to take into account relationships between different, not necessarily adjacent, parts of the text, which is able to capture the story flow. The potential of the proposed approach has been illustrated through principal component analysis, a comparison with the chance baseline method, and network visualization. Such visualizations reveal individual characteristics of the authors, which can be understood as a kind of calligraphy.
description: TextGraphs ACL 2017 (to appear)
Shape characteristics of the aggregates formed by amphiphilic stars in water: dissipative particle dynamics study
Creators: name: Kalyuzhnyi, O. Y.
name: Ilnytskyi, J. M.
name: von Ferber, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of the molecular architecture of amphiphilic star polymers on the shape of aggregates they form in water. Both solute and solvent are considered at a coarse-grained level by means of dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Four different molecular architectures are considered: the miktoarm star, two different diblock stars and a group of linear diblock copolymers, all of the same composition and molecular weight. Aggregation is started from a closely packed bunch of $N_{\text a}$ molecules immersed into water. In most cases, a single aggregate is observed as a result of equilibration, and its shape characteristics are studied depending on the aggregation number $N_{\text a}$. Four types of aggregate shape are observed: spherical, rod-like and disc-like micelle and a spherical vesicle. We estimate "phase boundaries" between these shapes depending on the molecular architecture. Sharp transitions between aspherical micelle and a vesicle are found in most cases. The pretransition region shows large amplitude oscillations of the shape characteristics with the oscillation frequency strongly dependent on the molecular architecture.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures
Stroke data from: Robust dynamic brain coactivation states estimated in individuals
Creators: name: Peng, Xiaolong
name: Liu, Qi
name: Hubbard, Catherine S.
name: Wang, Danhong
name: Zhu, Wenzhen
name: Fox, Michael D.
name: Liu, Hesheng
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: INSCAPE
dynamic

description: A confluence of evidence indicates that brain functional connectivity (FC) is not static but rather dynamic. Capturing transient network interactions in the individual brain requires a technology that offers sufficient within-subject reliability. Here, we introduce an individualized network-based dynamics analysis technique and demonstrate that it is reliable in detecting subject-specific brain states during both resting state and a cognitively challenging language task. Moreover, we evaluated the extent to which brain states showed hemispheric asymmetries and how various phenotypic factors such as handedness and gender might influence network dynamics. We discovered a right-lateralized brain state that occurred more frequently in men than in women, and more frequently in right-handed versus left-handed individuals. Lastly, we demonstrated longitudinal brain state changes in 42 patients with subcortical stroke over 6 months. Taken together, this approach could quantify subject-specific dynamic brain states and has potential for use in both basic and clinical neuroscience research.
description: Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
Award Number: 81790652Funding provided by: National Natural Science Foundation of China
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809
Award Number: 81790650Funding provided by: National Institutes of Health
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
Award Number: R01NS091604Funding provided by: National Institutes of Health
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
Award Number: P50MH106435Funding provided by: National Institutes of Health
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
Award Number: R21NS120186Funding provided by: National Institutes of Health
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
Award Number: R61MH121640Funding provided by: National Institutes of Health
Crossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002
Award Number: 5K01MH111802
description: This is supplemental material for "X. Peng, Robust dynamic brain coactivation states estimated in individuals, Science Advances, 2022".
Growing supermassive black holes in the late stages of galaxy mergers are heavily obscured
Creators: name: Ricci., C.
name: Bauer, F. E.
name: Treister, E.
name: Schawinski, K.
name: Privon, G. C.
name: Blecha, L.
name: Arevalo, P.
name: Armus, L.
name: Harrison, F.
name: Ho, L. C.
name: Iwasawa, K.
name: Sanders, D. B.
name: Stern, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mergers of galaxies are thought to cause significant gas inflows to the inner parsecs, which can activate rapid accretion onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs), giving rise to Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). During a significant fraction of this process, SMBHs are predicted to be enshrouded by gas and dust. Studying 52 galactic nuclei in infrared-selected local Luminous and Ultra-luminous infrared galaxies in different merger stages in the hard X-ray band, where radiation is less affected by absorption, we find that the amount of material around SMBHs increases during the last phases of the merger. We find that the fraction of Compton-thick (CT, $N_{\rm\,H}\geq 10^{24}\rm\,cm^{-2}$) AGN in late merger galaxies is higher ($f_{\rm\,CT}=65^{+12}_{-13}\%$) than in local hard X-ray selected AGN ($f_{\rm\,CT}=27\pm 4\%$), and that obscuration reaches its maximum when the nuclei of the two merging galaxies are at a projected distance of $D_{12}\simeq0.4-10.8$ kiloparsecs ($f_{\rm\,CT}=77_{-17}^{+13}\%$). We also find that all AGN of our sample in late merger galaxies have $N_{\rm\,H}> 10^{23}\rm\,cm^{-2}$, which implies that the obscuring material covers $95^{+4}_{-8}\%$ of the X-ray source. These observations show that the material is most effectively funnelled from the galactic scale to the inner tens of parsecs during the late stages of galaxy mergers, and that the close environment of SMBHs in advanced mergers is richer in gas and dust with respect to that of SMBHs in isolated galaxies, and cannot be explained by the classical AGN unification model in which the torus is responsible for the obscuration.
description: Final version matching the article published in MNRAS - 30 pages, 16 figures
Φωτοεπαγώμενη σύνθεση υποκατεστημένων 2,3-διαλκυλοκινολινών από ανιλίνες και αλδεΰδες απουσία καταλυτών
Creators: name: Τριανταφυλλίδης, Χρήστος Ανέστη
Publisher: name: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Year: 2024
Subjects: Κινολίνες
Φωτοεπαγώμενη αντίδραση
Απουσία καταλυτών
Quinolines
Photoinduced reaction
Absence of catalysts

description: Στα πλαίσια της μεταπτυχιακής ερευνητικής εργασίας, διεξάχθηκε η σύνθεση μιας βιβλιοθήκης υποκατεστημένων 2,3-διαλκυλοκινολινών, ακολουθώντας δύο απλά συνθετικά πρωτόκολλα με πρώτες ύλες υποκατεστημένες ανιλίνες και αλειφατικές αλδεΰδες απουσία προσθέτων ή καταλυτών. Στο πρώτο πρωτόκολλο η αντίδραση μεταξύ των ανιλίνων και αλδεϋδών μέσω μίας απλής και υπό ήπιες συνθήκες μεθοδολογίας, σχημάτισε τις ενδιάμεσες 4-αλκοξυ-2,3-διαλκυλοτετραϋδροκινολίνες, οι οποίες στην συνέχεια μετασχηματίστηκαν στις επιθυμητές 2,3-διαλκυλοκινολίνες, ενώ στο δεύτερο πρωτόκολλο οι επιθυμητές 2,3-διαλκυλοκινολίνες σχηματίστηκαν μέσω μίας απλής και υπό ήπιες συνθήκες one-pot μεθοδολογίας. Η πλειοψηφία των προϊόντων ελήφθησαν σε καλές αποδόσεις και συντέθηκαν για πρώτη φορά στη βιβλιογραφία.
description: In the context of this research, the synthesis of a series of substituted 2,3-dialkylquinolines was conducted, following two simple synthetic protocols in which the starting materials were substituted anilines and aliphatic aldehydes, in the absence of substitutes or catalysts. On the first protocol, the anilines and the aldehydes generated the intermediates 4-alkoxy-2,3-dialkyltetrahydroquinolines through a simple and under mild reaction conditions methodology, which then were transformed into the desired 2,3-dialkylquinolines, whereas on the second protocol the anilines and the aldehydes were readily converted to the 2,3-dialkylquinolines through a simple and under mild conditions one-pot reaction. Most of the products were isolated in good yields and were synthesized for the first time in the literature.
Practical Weak Lensing Shear Measurement with Metacalibration
Creators: name: Sheldon, Erin S.
name: Huff, Eric M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Metacalibration is a recently introduced method to accurately measure weak gravitational lensing shear using only the available imaging data, without need for prior information about galaxy properties or calibration from simulations. The method involves distorting the image with a small known shear, and calculating the response of a shear estimator to that applied shear. The method was shown to be accurate in moderate sized simulations with galaxy images that had relatively high signal-to-noise ratios, and without significant selection effects. In this work we introduce a formalism to correct for both shear response and selection biases. We also observe that, for images with relatively low signal-to-noise ratios, the correlated noise that arises during the metacalibration process results in significant bias, for which we develop a simple empirical correction. To test this formalism, we created large image simulations based on both parametric models and real galaxy images, including tests with realistic point-spread functions. We varied the point-spread function ellipticity at the five percent level. In each simulation we applied a small, few percent shear to the galaxy images. We introduced additional challenges that arise in real data, such as detection thresholds, stellar contamination, and missing data. We applied cuts on the measured galaxy properties to induce significant selection effects. Using our formalism, we recovered the input shear with an accuracy better than a part in a thousand in all cases.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted to ApJ
Theoretical guidelines for working out the problem of methodological tools for integrating psychological knowledge
Creators: name: Zavgorodnya O., V.
Publisher: name: Теоретичні дослідження у психології
Year: 2023
Subjects: integration
methodological tools
Psychological Science
System
Network
psychological knowledge
theoretical model

description: The article outlines theoretical guidelines for working out methodological tools for integrating psychological knowledge. The article describes the state of modern psychology, states the need for its self-reflection in order to determine the boundaries, dimensions, specifics of its cognitive field, outline prospects and directions of development. Taking into account the contexts of the modern cognitive situation, ontological complexity, methodological and epistemological diversity in psychology, already available in the interdisciplinary discourse of ideas of integrative Strategies, a number of areas of development of methodological tools for integrating psychological knowledge are highlighted. The possibilities of facilitating integration at different levels of functioning of psychology are clarified. The importance of researchers ' reflection on Psychological Science is emphasized, and the types of their integration attitudes are outlined.
Basic thermodynamics to save lives
Creators: name: Thiam, Mouhamadou
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Physics Education (physics.ed-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Students have several misconceptions about thermodynamics. However, an understanding of basic concepts in this branch of physics remains fundamental to explain thermal phenomena. The purpose of this activity was to extend students' conceptual understanding of heat, temperature, energy, and thermal insulators and conductors. Two groups of students in grade seven created insulation boxes to keep sheep organs in a hypothermic state for the longest time possible. The activity incorporated connections to real life, autonomy, and scientific investigations to motivate the students. The data indicated that the activity was sufficiently challenging for the students and that they were able to apply their understanding of both the corresponding concepts and scientific and engineering practices.
description: 3 tables, 4 figures
Nucleosynthesis in the Cosmos: What we think we know and forthcoming questions
Creators: name: Uribarri, Salvador Galindo
name: Cervantes-Cota, Jorge L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Popular Physics (physics.pop-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present what we know on nucleosynthesis in the Universe and hypotheses that have been made in this regard. A brief description of the Universe's evolution during its different stages is offered, indicating which are the periods and mechanisms of element formation. A critical prospective on future research is formulated to validate, modify, or reject the hypotheses formulated. These will involve joint observations that encompass finer measurements of cosmic background radiation, galaxy clusters, and gravitational waves produced by neutron star collisions. The information thus obtained will be combined with restrictions given by theoretical models. Perhaps many current doubts will be clarified, but new questions will arise.
description: 26 pages, 10 figures. Title and abstract also in Spanish
Investigating speech processing in paediatric and adult CI users using combined fNIRS/EEG measurements
Creators: name: Steinmetzger, Kurt
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: In case of severe hearing loss or congenital deafness, cochlear implants (CIs) represent the method of choice to restore hearing and enable language acquisition. Yet, little is known about how exactly the cortical processing of speech differs between acoustic and electrical hearing. In a first study, we thus tested unilateral adult CI users with preserved normal hearing in the other ear by separately presenting both ears with vowel sequences, while simultaneously recording functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and EEG data. Results showed smaller and delayed auditory cortex activity when the CI ear was stimulated. In a second study, paediatric CI users were tested during and after the first year of CI use and compared to an age-matched normal-hearing control group. In response to vowel sequences as well as to running speech, cortical activity was again markedly smaller in CI-based hearing. Despite trends in this direction, activity levels did not increase significantly with more CI experience. However, the less experienced CI group showed an abnormal shift of activity to the right hemisphere in response to running speech that was not observed in the other two groups. Overall, these data hence showed that, except from an initial adaptation phase, activity patterns were qualitatively similar but attenuated in electric hearing.
Giant thermal magnetoresistance in plasmonic structures
Creators: name: Latella, Ivan
name: Ben-Abdallah, Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A giant thermal magnetoresistance is predicted for the electromagnetic transport of heat in magneto-optical plasmonic structures. In chains of InSb-Ag nanoparticles at room temperature, we found that the resistance can be increased by almost a factor of 2 with magnetic fields of 2 T. We show that this important change results from the strong spectral dependence of localized surface waves on the magnitude of the magnetic field.
Еволюційна психологія і нормальна наука: у пошуку уніфікованої дослідницької програми
Creators: name: Егеланд Дж.
Publisher: name: Теоретичні дослідження у психології
Year: 2023
Subjects: еволюційна психологія · нормальна наука · дослідницька програма · суперечка

description: Чому в еволюційній психології так багато суперечок? Використовуючи пару концепцій з філософії науки, ця стаття стверджує, що еволюційна психологія не досягла стадії зрілої, нормальної науки, оскільки в даний час вона не має уніфікованої дослідницької програми, яка керувала б окремими вченими, що працюють у цій дисципліні. Цей аргумент суперечить твердженням певних прихильників і противників еволюційної психології, і він підтверджується обговоренням кількох прикладів. У статті зазначається, що саме тому, що еволюційна психологія не досягла стадії нормальної науки, ця дисципліна, тим не менш, є джерелом багатьох прогресивних теоретичних розробок і цікавих емпіричних відкриттів.
Multi-dimensional photonic states from a quantum dot
Creators: name: Lee, J. P.
name: Bennett, A. J.
name: Stevenson, R. M.
name: Ellis, D. J. P.
name: Farrer, I.
name: Ritchie, D. A.
name: Shields, A. J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Quantum states superposed across multiple particles or degrees of freedom are of crucial importance for the development of quantum technologies. Creating these states deterministically and with high effciency is an ongoing challenge. A promising approach is the repeated excitation of multi-level quantum emitters, which have been shown to naturally generate light with quantum statistics. Here we describe how to create one class of higher dimensional quantum state, a so called W-state, which is superposed across multiple time bins. We do this by repeated Raman scattering of photons from a charged quantum dot in a pillar microcavity. We show this method can be scaled to larger dimensions with no reduction in coherence or single photon character. We explain how to extend this work to enable the deterministic creation of arbitrary time-bin encoded qudits.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Semi-supervised segmentation of tooth from 3D Scanned Dental Arches
Creators: name: Alsheghri, Ammar
name: Ghadiri, Farnoosh
name: Zhang, Ying
name: Lessard, Olivier
name: Keren, Julia
name: Cheriet, Farida
name: Guibault, Francois
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Teeth segmentation is an important topic in dental restorations that is essential for crown generation, diagnosis, and treatment planning. In the dental field, the variability of input data is high and there are no publicly available 3D dental arch datasets. Although there has been improvement in the field provided by recent deep learning architectures on 3D data, there still exists some problems such as properly identifying missing teeth in an arch. We propose to use spectral clustering as a self-supervisory signal to joint-train neural networks for segmentation of 3D arches. Our approach is motivated by the observation that K-means clustering provides cues to capture margin lines related to human perception. The main idea is to automatically generate training data by decomposing unlabeled 3D arches into segments relying solely on geometric information. The network is then trained using a joint loss that combines a supervised loss of annotated input and a self-supervised loss of non-labeled input. Our collected data has a variety of arches including arches with missing teeth. Our experimental results show improvement over the fully supervised state-of-the-art MeshSegNet when using semi-supervised learning. Finally, we contribute code and a dataset.