cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Pyrazolo-[4́,3́:5,6]pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-diones Catalyzed by a Nano-sized Surface-Grafted Neodymium Complex of the Tungstosilicate via Multicomponent Reaction
Creators: name: Heravi, Majid Mommahed
name: Daraie, Mansoureh
name: Mirzaei, Masoud
name: Lotfian, Nahid
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 30302 Nanochemistry and Supramolecular Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 30502 Natural Products Chemistry
subject: 30205 Non-metal Chemistry
subject: Nuclear Chemistry
subject: 30303 Optical Properties of Materials
subject: 30503 Organic Chemical Synthesis
subject: Organic Chemistry
subject: 30599 Organic Chemistry not elsewhere classified
subject: 30504 Organic Green Chemistry

description: An inorganic–organic hybrid based on lanthanide clusters and Keggin type polyoxometalates (POMs) (Na[Nd (pydc‐OH)(H2O)4]3}[SiW12O40]) was used the first time as trinuclear catalyst for one pot synthesis of pyrazolo[4́́,3́:5,6]pyrido[2,3‐d]pyrimidine‐diones, via two different four and five‐component reactions involving hydrazine hydrate, ethyl acetoacetate, aryl aldehydes, and 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyl uracil or barbituric acid with ammonium acetate as alternative materials in green condition. To evaluate potential application of the as‐made hybrid in adsorption and separation processes, nitrogen adsorption was performed at 77 K through simulation study. The hybrid catalyst was further characterized via powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) at room temperature which indicated the good phase purity of the catalyst. The results show that the catalytic activity of the hybrid catalyst has increased relative to each parent component due to the special interaction between Keggin anions and pydc‐OH ligands.
Electron-phonon cooling in large monolayer graphene devices
Creators: name: McKitterick, Christopher B.
name: Rooks, Michael J.
name: Prober, Daniel E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present thermal measurements of large area (over $1,000$~$μ$m$^2$) monolayer graphene samples at cryogenic temperatures to study the electron-phonon thermal conductivity of graphene. By using two large samples with areas which differ by a factor of 10, we are able to clearly show the area dependence of the electron-phonon cooling. We find that, at temperatures far below the Bloch-Gruneisen temperature $T_\mathrm{BG}$, the electron-phonon cooling power is accurately described by the $T^4$ temperature dependence predicted for clean samples. Using this model, we are able to extract a value for the electron-phonon coupling constant as a function of gate voltage, and the graphene electron-lattice deformation potential. We also present results for thermal conductance at higher temperatures, above $T_\mathrm{BG}/4$, for which the clean limit no longer applies. In this regime we find a cooling power which is accurately described qualitatively, but not quantitatively, by a model which predicts the emission of very high energy phonons through a disorder-assisted mechanism.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Neonatal White Matter Maturation Is Associated With Infant Language Development
Creators: name: Entringer, S.
name: Rasmussen, J.M.
name: Sket, G.M.
name: Styner, M.
name: Wadhwa, P.D.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Overfeld, J.
name: Buss, C.
Publisher: name: Frontiers Media S.A.
Year: 2019

description: Background: While neonates have no sophisticated language skills, the neural basis for acquiring this function is assumed to already be present at birth. Receptive language is measurable by 6 months of age and meaningful speech production by 10–18 months of age. Fiber tracts supporting language processing include the corpus callosum (CC), which plays a key role in the hemispheric lateralization of language; the left arcuate fasciculus (AF), which is associated with syntactic processing; and the right AF, which plays a role in prosody and semantics. We examined if neonatal maturation of these fiber tracts is associated with receptive language development at 12 months of age. Methods: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) was performed in 86 infants at 26.6 ± 12.2 days post-birth. Receptive language was assessed via the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory at 12 months of age. Tract-based fractional anisotropy (FA) was determined using the NA-MIC atlas-based fiber analysis toolkit. Associations between neonatal regional FA, adjusted for gestational age at birth and age at scan, and language development at 12 months of age were tested using ANOVA models. Results: After multiple comparisons correction, higher neonatal FA was positively associated with receptive language at 12 months of age within the genu (p < 0.001), rostrum (p < 0.001), and tapetum (p < 0.001) of the CC and the left fronto-parietal AF (p = 0.008). No significant clusters were found in the right AF. Conclusion: Microstructural development of the CC and the AF in the newborn is associated with receptive language at 12 months of age, demonstrating that interindividual variation in white matter microstructure is relevant for later language development, and indicating that the neural foundation for language processing is laid well ahead of the majority of language acquisition. This suggests that some origins of impaired language development may lie in the intrauterine and potentially neonatal period of life. Understanding how interindividual differences in neonatal brain maturity relate to the acquisition of function, particularly during early development when the brain is in an unparalleled window of plasticity, is key to identifying opportunities for harnessing neuroplasticity in health and disease.
OSBPL2 mutations impair autophagy and lead to hearing loss, potentially remedied by rapamycin
Creators: name: Koh, Young Ik
name: Oh, Kyung Seok
name: Kim, Jung Ah
name: Noh, Byunghwa
name: Choi, Hye Ji
name: Joo, Sun Young
name: Rim, John Hoon
name: Kim, Hye-Youn
name: Kim, Dong Yun
name: Yu, Seyoung
name: Kim, Da Hye
name: Lee, Sang-Guk
name: Jung, Jinsei
name: Choi, Jae Young
name: Gee, Heon Yung
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Hematology

description: Intracellular accumulation of mutant proteins causes proteinopathies, which lack targeted therapies. Autosomal dominant hearing loss (DFNA67) is caused by frameshift mutations in OSBPL2. Here, we show that DFNA67 is a toxic proteinopathy. Mutant OSBPL2 accumulated intracellularly and bound to macroautophagy/autophagy proteins. Consequently, its accumulation led to defective endolysosomal homeostasis and impaired autophagy. Transgenic mice expressing mutant OSBPL2 exhibited hearing loss, but osbpl2 knockout mice or transgenic mice expressing wild-type OSBPL2 did not. Rapamycin decreased the accumulation of mutant OSBPL2 and partially rescued hearing loss in mice. Rapamycin also partially improved hearing loss and tinnitus in individuals with DFNA67. Our findings indicate that dysfunctional autophagy is caused by mutant proteins in DFNA67; hence, we recommend rapamycin for DFNA67 treatment. Abbreviations: ABR: auditory brainstem response; ACTB: actin beta; CTSD: cathepsin D; dB: decibel; DFNA67: deafness non-syndromic autosomal dominant 67; DPOAE: distortion product otoacoustic emission; fs: frameshift; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HsQ53R-TG: human p.Q53Rfs*100-transgenic: HEK 293: human embryonic kidney 293; HFD: high-fat diet; KO: knockout; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NSHL: non-syndromic hearing loss; OHC: outer hair cells; OSBPL2: oxysterol binding protein-like 2; SEM: scanning electron microscopy; SGN: spiral ganglion neuron; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; TG: transgenic; WES: whole-exome sequencing; YUHL: Yonsei University Hearing Loss; WT: wild-type.
Technosignature Search with the Allen Telescope Array
Creators: name: Premnath, Pranav
name: Farah, Wael
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: SETI surveys have been typically conducted at lower frequencies, i.e., less than 1.5 GHz. Utilizing the new hardware upgrades and the newly deployed Digital Signal Processing (DSP) backend of the Allen Telescope Array (ATA), we present an ongoing SETI survey of over 300 stars selected from the REsearch Consortium On Nearby Stars (RECONS) catalog, within 10 pc of the Earth. The ATA is a flexible 42-element interferometer located in Northern California, and the first instrument to be solely built to conduct SETI research. We perform observations of the selected stars between 3-10 GHz, with an instantaneous bandwidth of 1.4 GHz, using the newly commissioned beamformer. The output of the beamformer was analyzed using a high-resolution spectrometer and a de-doppler search algorithm, looking for narrow band signals over a wide range of drift-rates across all covered sub-bands. In this talk, I will present early results of the ongoing SETI survey, and the upgrades envisioned for the telescope’s frontend and backend.
MPEC 2023-F38 : 2023 FN
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 FN

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Comment on "Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581"
Creators: name: Anglada-Escudé, Guillem
name: Tuomi, Mikko
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Robertson et al.(Reports, July 25 2014, p440-444)(1) claimed that activity-induced variability is responsible for the Doppler signal of the proposed planet candidate GJ 581d. We point out that their analysis using periodograms of residual data is incorrect, further promoting inadequate tools. Since the claim challenges the viability of the method to detect exo-Earths, we urge for more appropriate analyses (see appendix).
description: 15 pages, 4 figures. Includes appendix with full re-analysis of the data
Beyond two-stage models for lung carcinogenesis in the Mayak workers: Implications for Plutonium risk
Creators: name: Zöllner, Sascha
name: Sokolnikov, Mikhail E.
name: Eidemüller, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Tissues and Organs (q-bio.TO)
subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Mechanistic multi-stage models are used to analyze lung-cancer mortality after Plutonium exposure in the Mayak-workers cohort, with follow-up until 2008. Besides the established two-stage model with clonal expansion, models with three mutation stages as well as a model with two distinct pathways to cancer are studied. The results suggest that three-stage models offer an improved description of the data. The best-fitting models point to a mechanism where radiation increases the rate of clonal expansion. This is interpreted in terms of changes in cell-cycle control mediated by bystander signaling or repopulation following cell killing. No statistical evidence for a two-pathway model is found. To elucidate the implications of the different models for radiation risk, several exposure scenarios are studied. Models with a radiation effect at an early stage show a delayed response and a pronounced drop-off with older ages at exposure. Moreover, the dose-response relationship is strongly nonlinear for all three-stage models, revealing a marked increase above a critical dose.
White matter microstructural development and cognitive ability in the first 2 years of life
Creators: name: Styner, M.
name: Goldman, B.D.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Knickmeyer, R.C.
name: Cornea, E.
name: Girault, J.B.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Year: 2019

description: White matter (WM) integrity has been related to cognitive ability in adults and children, but it remains largely unknown how WM maturation in early life supports emergent cognition. The associations between tract-based measures of fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial and radial diffusivity (AD, RD) shortly after birth, at age 1, and at age 2 and cognitive measures at 1 and 2 years were investigated in 447 healthy infants. We found that generally higher FA and lower AD and RD across many WM tracts in the first year of life were associated with better performance on measures of general cognitive ability, motor, language, and visual reception skills at ages 1 and 2, suggesting an important role for the overall organization, myelination, and microstructural properties of fiber pathways in emergent cognition. RD in particular was consistently related to ability, and protracted development of RD from ages 1 to 2 years in several tracts was associated with higher cognitive scores and better language performance, suggesting prolonged plasticity may confer cognitive benefits during the second year of life. However, we also found that cognition at age 2 was weakly associated with WM properties across infancy in comparison to child and demographic factors including gestational age and maternal education. Our findings suggest that early postnatal WM integrity across the brain is important for infant cognition, though its role in cognitive development should be considered alongside child and demographic factors.
Quantitative tract-based white matter heritability in 1- and 2-year-old twins
Creators: name: Zhang, J.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Styner, M.
name: Lee, S.J.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Neale, M.C.
Publisher: name: John Wiley and Sons Inc.
Year: 2019

description: White matter (WM) microstructure, as determined by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), is increasingly recognized as an important determinant of cognitive function and is also altered in neuropsychiatric disorders. Little is known about genetic and environmental influences on WM microstructure, especially in early childhood, an important period for cognitive development and risk for psychiatric disorders. We studied the heritability of DTI parameters, fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD) along 34 tracts, including 10 bilateral fiber pathways and the respective subdivision, using quantitative tractography in a longitudinal sample of healthy children at 1 year (N = 215) and 2 years (N = 165) of age. We found that heritabilities for whole brain AD, RD, and FA were 0.48, 0.69, and 0.72 at age 1, and 0.59, 0.77, and 0.76 at age 2 and that mean heritabilities of tract-averaged AD, RD, and FA for individual bundles were moderate (over 0.4). However, the heritability of DTI change between 1 and 2 years of age was not significant for most tracts. We also demonstrated that point-wise heritability tended to be significant in the central portions of the tracts and was generally spatially consistent at ages 1 and 2 years. These results, especially when compared to heritability patterns in neonates, indicate that the heritability of WM microstructure is dynamic in early childhood and likely reflect heterogeneous maturation of WM tracts and differential genetic and environmental influences on maturation patterns.
title: Ανάδυση της μνήμης του Β' Παγκοσμίου πολέμου : Τόποι μαρτυρίου και μνημεία στα Χανιά
title: Emergence of the memory of World War II: Places of martyrdom and monuments in Chania
Creators: name: Τερζακη Μαρια
Publisher: name: Technical University of Crete
Year: 2022

description: Η αρχιτεκτονική διαδραματίζει καθοριστικό ρόλο στην προσπάθεια διατήρησης της μνήμης και διαφύλαξης του ιστορικού παρελθόντος. Μέσω των μνημείων, ενσαρκώνει το παρελθόν διατηρώντας το ζωντανό στη συλλογική μνήμη, αποτελεί δηλαδή, την υλική έκφραση της ιστορίας του τόπου.
Η παρούσα ερευνητική εργασία έχει ως αντικείμενο τόπους μαρτυρίου και πένθους στην ενότητα των Χανίων, από την περίοδο του Β΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου. Σκοπός είναι η διερεύνηση των τρόπων, που απεικονίζεται και διαφυλάσσεται το ιστορικό παρελθόν του Β΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, μέσα από την καταγραφή τραυματικών χώρων και μνημείων στα Χανιά.
Μέσω της έρευνας αυτής,  αρχικά δίνεται έμφαση σε οικισμούς, όπως τα Φλώρια, το Κοντομαρί, η Κάντανος, ο Αλικιανός, ο Κακόπετρος, τα Μεσκλά, η Μαλάθυρος, ο Γαλατάς και ο Σκινές, που υπέστησαν σοβαρές ζημιές ή καταστράφηκαν ολοσχερώς από τους ναζί. Έμφαση δίνεται και σε τόπους, όπως το παλιό στρατιωτικό αεροδρόμιο στο Μάλεμε, οι φυλακές της Αγυιάς, αλλά και τα στρατιωτικά νεκροταφεία, που χαρακτηρίζονται ως χώροι πένθους, με έντονο συναισθηματικό φορτίο. Στη συνέχεια, γίνεται λόγος, για την αναγνωρισιμότητα των τόπων μαρτυρίου. Μελετάται κατά πόσο έχουν αναγνωριστεί, είτε επίσημα βάση Προεδρικού διατάγματος,  είτε άτυπα στη συλλογική μνήμη, ως ένας μαρτυρικός τόπος. Ακόμα, ερευνάται η ανταπόκριση των ανεγερθέντων μνημείων, ως προς τη διατήρηση της μνήμης και ενστάλαξη της γνώσης στις επόμενες γενιές.
Τελικά, ανακύπτουν συμπεράσματα, αναφορικά με τους τρόπους, που επιλέγει η ενότητα των Χανίων να θυμάται τα γεγονότα του πολέμου και να αποδώσει τιμή σε εκείνους, που έλαβαν μέρος σε αυτά. Επίσης, κρίνεται και η αποτελεσματικότητά τους.
Minimally Invasive Approach for Diagnosing TMJ Osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Shoukri, B.
name: de Dumast, P.
name: Fattori, L.
name: Styner, M.
name: Michoud, L.
name: Yatabe, M.
name: Sugai, J.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Allohaibi, Z.
name: Bittencourt, L.
name: Prieto, J.C.
name: Gomes, L.R.
name: Paniagua, B.
name: Ruellas, A.
name: Huang, C.
name: Benavides, E.
name: Aronovich, S.
name: Cevidanes, L.
name: Ribera, N.T.
name: Ioshida, M.
name: Ashman, L.
name: Mirabel, C.
Publisher: name: SAGE Publications Inc.
Year: 2019

description: This study’s objectives were to test correlations among groups of biomarkers that are associated with condylar morphology and to apply artificial intelligence to test shape analysis features in a neural network (NN) to stage condylar morphology in temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA). Seventeen TMJOA patients (39.9 ± 11.7 y) experiencing signs and symptoms of the disease for less than 10 y and 17 age- and sex-matched control subjects (39.4 ± 15.2 y) completed a questionnaire, had a temporomandibular joint clinical exam, had blood and saliva samples drawn, and had high-resolution cone beam computed tomography scans taken. Serum and salivary levels of 17 inflammatory biomarkers were quantified using protein microarrays. A NN was trained with 259 other condyles to detect and classify the stage of TMJOA and then compared to repeated clinical experts’ classifications. Levels of the salivary biomarkers MMP-3, VE-cadherin, 6Ckine, and PAI-1 were correlated to each other in TMJOA patients and were significantly correlated with condylar morphological variability on the posterior surface of the condyle. In serum, VE-cadherin and VEGF were correlated with one another and with significant morphological variability on the anterior surface of the condyle, while MMP-3 and CXCL16 presented statistically significant associations with variability on the anterior surface, lateral pole, and superior-posterior surface of the condyle. The range of mouth opening variables were the clinical markers with the most significant associations with morphological variability at the medial and lateral condylar poles. The repeated clinician consensus classification had 97.8% agreement on degree of degeneration within 1 group difference. Predictive analytics of the NN’s staging of TMJOA compared to the repeated clinicians’ consensus revealed 73.5% and 91.2% accuracy. This study demonstrated significant correlations among variations in protein expression levels, clinical symptoms, and condylar surface morphology. The results suggest that 3-dimensional variability in TMJOA condylar morphology can be comprehensively phenotyped by the NN.
Careables Training Kit - A guide on organising prototyping series for OpenSource healthcare innovation.
Creators: name: Muiser, Sanne
name: Oomkes, Rutger
name: Riemens, Rianne
name: Ongering, Jurre
name: Dechamps, Isabelle
name: Savoldelli, Marta
name: Bassi, Enrico
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020

description: This Careables Training Kit is based on three main phases that we identify
 in the process of prototyping healthcare solutions: Preparation, Guidance,
 Reflection. These phases are core elements of any collaborative process and
 especially important for the production and replication of careables. In the
 preparation section we give guidelines on how to attract participants and
 establish partnerships with support organisations. We also present details on
 how to prepare the co-design sessions from a very practical perspective, such
 as assigning clearly defined roles and rules for collaboration. The section on
 guidance includes a series of templates to structure the sessions and perform
 specific group activities. Finally, reflection is an important element of the process
 as it gives participants the option to critically analyse their outcomes and share
 lessons learned.
FSEM: Functional Structural Equation Models for Twin Functional Data
Creators: name: Styner, M.
name: Luo, S.
name: Zhu, H.
name: Gilmore, J.H.
name: Song, R.
Publisher: name: American Statistical Association
Year: 2019

description: The aim of this article is to develop a novel class of functional structural equation models (FSEMs) for dissecting functional genetic and environmental effects on twin functional data, while characterizing the varying association between functional data and covariates of interest. We propose a three-stage estimation procedure to estimate varying coefficient functions for various covariates (e.g., gender) as well as three covariance operators for the genetic and environmental effects. We develop an inference procedure based on weighted likelihood ratio statistics to test the genetic/environmental effect at either a fixed location or a compact region. We also systematically carry out the theoretical analysis of the estimated varying functions, the weighted likelihood ratio statistics, and the estimated covariance operators. We conduct extensive Monte Carlo simulations to examine the finite-sample performance of the estimation and inference procedures. We apply the proposed FSEM to quantify the degree of genetic and environmental effects on twin white matter tracts obtained from the UNC early brain development study. Supplementary materials for this article are available online.
Sphagnum C.Linnaeus 1753
Creators: name: Maier, Eva
name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Sphagnopsida
Sphagnales
Sphagnaceae
Sphagnum

description: SPHAGNUM. I examined capsules of Sphagnum obtusifolium and acutifolium. They show a very simple structure: in their centre is an obtuse, conical columella that does not reach the culminating point (Tab. LVI. Fig. 1. cc) and around it is the space in which the spores develop (Fig. 1. ss). This space is present in all other mosses which I have had the opportunity to examine: initially at the beginning of the spore development, it is surrounded by a layer formed of relatively small cells, densely filled with chlorophyll (Fig. 1 sc); to this layer, outwardly below the superficial membrane, only three more cell layers are added, of which the nearest to the superficial membrane consists of cells filled with chlorophyll. The superficial cells themselves are empty of granulose contents and the membrane, mainly orientated towards the outer side of the capsule, is thickened. A distinction between outer and inner membranes of the capsule, therefore, cannot be perceived. At the place where, at the maturity of the spores, the operculum detaches, a slight depres- sion is visible (Fig. 1. a), and the superficial cells are markedly smaller than elsewhere in the capsule; otherwise nothing indicates a special development of an annulus. Against the lower part of the capsule, especially in the inner of the apophysis-like swelling, the cells are somewhat elongate. Note. In the month of May this year (1846) I was lucky to collect young capsules of the cited mosses where I could observe the spore development, and immediately I was convinced that it happens in the same way as I saw it in the past in other mosses (see my dissertation: De evolutione sporidiorum in capsulis muscorum. Gott. 1844. 4.). In the younger capsules I [original page 566] found a dense tissue of mother cells containing thick nuclei, in the older ones, at the same place, the mother cells had four already completely developed spores. As it is said, at the end of the filiforme cells should be formed, by constriction, the four spores, but I could not see anything. (Meyen: Neues System der Pflanzenphysiologie, Bd. III. p. 389). *)
description: Published as part of Maier, Eva & Price, Michelle J., 2014, Georg Bojung " Scato " Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts, pp. 1-79 in Boissiera 67 on page 30, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10.5281/zenodo.5729519
Vacancy defects and monopole dynamics in oxygen-deficient pyrochlores
Creators: name: Sala, G.
name: Gutmann, M. J.
name: Prabhakaran, D.
name: Pomaranski, D.
name: Mitchelitis, C.
name: Kycia, J. B.
name: Porter, D. G.
name: Castelnovo, C.
name: Goff, J. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The idea of magnetic monopoles in spin ice has enjoyed much success at intermediate temperatures, but at low temperatures a description in terms of monopole dynamics alone is insufficient. Recently, numerical simulations were used to argue that magnetic impurities account for this discrepancy by introducing a magnetic equivalent of residual resistance in the system. Here we propose that oxygen deficiency is the leading cause of magnetic impurities in as-grown samples, and we determine the defect structure and magnetism in Y2Ti2O(7-δ) using diffuse neutron scattering and magnetization measurements. These defects are eliminated by oxygen annealing. The introduction of oxygen vacancies causes Ti4+ to transform to magnetic Ti3+ with quenched orbital magnetism, but the concentration is anomalously low. In the spin-ice material Dy2Ti2O7 we find that the same oxygen-vacancy defects suppress moments on neighbouring rare-earth sites, and that these magnetic distortions dramatically slow down the long-time monopole dynamics at sub-Kelvin temperatures.
description: (12 pages, 5 figures; Supplementary Information available from the journal website)
Role of deep learning in infant brain MRI analysis
Creators: name: Mostapha, M.
name: Styner, M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Deep learning algorithms and in particular convolutional networks have shown tremendous success in medical image analysis applications, though relatively few methods have been applied to infant MRI data due numerous inherent challenges such as inhomogenous tissue appearance across the image, considerable image intensity variability across the first year of life, and a low signal to noise setting. This paper presents methods addressing these challenges in two selected applications, specifically infant brain tissue segmentation at the isointense stage and presymptomatic disease prediction in neurodevelopmental disorders. Corresponding methods are reviewed and compared, and open issues are identified, namely low data size restrictions, class imbalance problems, and lack of interpretation of the resulting deep learning solutions. We discuss how existing solutions can be adapted to approach these issues as well as how generative models seem to be a particularly strong contender to address them.
High resolution C-band SAR backscatter response to peatland water table depth and soil moisture: a laboratory experiment
Creators: name: Toca, L.
name: Morrison, K.
name: Artz, R.R.E.
name: Gimona, A.
name: Quaife, T.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Carbon storage and active carbon sequestration within peatlands strongly depend on water table depth and soil moisture availability. With increasing efforts to protect and restore peatland ecosystems, the assessment of their hydrological condition is highly necessary but remains challenging. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite observations likely offer an efficient way to obtain regular information with complete spatial coverage over northern peatlands. Studies have indicated that both radar backscatter amplitude and phase are sensitive to peatland condition. Very recently, Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) has been reported as being capable of monitoring ground deformation patterns at the millimetre scale, which are a response to peatland hydrological condition. To further investigate the promise of SAR for peatland monitoring, a laboratory-based polarimetric C-band SAR system was used to acquire the dynamic radar behaviour of a 4 m (l) ×1 m (w) × 0.25 m (d) reconstructed peatland. A forced 4-month drought was introduced with very-high-resolution imagery taken every 2 hours, capturing details of the vertical backscatter patterning through the peat at the centimetric scale. The results showed a clear coherent response both in radar backscatter amplitude and phase to change in water table level and soil moisture. Similar responses were seen across all polarizations. Phase demonstrated a coherent and deterministic change across the experiment; the average differential phase increase across all polarizations was 118° for 17 cm of water table drawdown. Interpreted as the physical movement of the surface, this corresponded to 8.3 mm of surface subsidence. Both phase and amplitude changes were near-linear with changes in the water table depth; amplitude showed a correspondingly strong concomitant mean decrease of 7 dB across all polarizations during the experiment. The results demonstrate the close sensitivity of radar backscatter to hydrological patterns in a peatland ecosystem. The phase result, in particular, strongly supports the notion that differential phase from satellites can be utilized to measure ground deformation as a proxy for the hydrological state.
Self Organized Criticality in an one dimensional magnetized grid. Application to GRB X-ray afterglows
Creators: name: Harko, Tiberiu
name: Mocanu, Gabriela Raluca
name: Stroia, Nicoleta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simplified one dimensional grid is used to model the evolution of magnetized plasma flow. We implement diffusion laws similar to those so-far used to model magnetic reconnection with Cellular Automata. As a novelty, we also explicitly superimpose a background flow. The aim is to numerically investigate the possibility that Self-Organized Criticality appears in a one dimensional magnetized flow. The cellular automaton's cells store information about the parameter relevant to the evolution of the system being modelled. Under the assumption that this parameter stands for the magnetic field, the magnetic energy released by one volume during one individual relaxation event is also computed. Our results show that indeed in this system Self-Organized Criticality is established. The possible applications of this model to the study of the X-ray afterglows of GRBs is also briefly considered.
description: 18 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophys. Space Science. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1308.1253, arXiv:astro-ph/9607070 by other authors
Narrowband Signal Searches Towards the Galactic Plane and Center
Creators: name: Perez, Karen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Abstract: Over the last decade, discoveries of Earth-type exoplanets have extended the possibility of other life-bearing worlds. However, the question of the existence of intelligent life might remain elusive unless a dedicated attempt is made to extensively Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). The Breakthrough Listen (BL) program is a 10-year effort to conduct the most sensitive, comprehensive, and intensive search for advanced intelligent life on other worlds ever performed. Two of the primary targets of the BL program are the Galactic Center (GC) and a comprehensive blind survey of the entire Galactic Plane (GP) to search for artificial narrowband transmitters from ETIs. The line of sight toward the GC offers the largest integrated galactic star count of any direction in the sky, is a widely cited possible location for a beacon built by an advanced intelligence, and is the most energetic region in the Milky Way. Likewise, the GP is an ideal direction to search for such signals due to the increased likelihood that transmitters would emit toward this region as opposed to random directions. Here, I discuss our observation and narrowband search strategy, as well as results, for the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) (4-8 GHz) and Parkes Telescope (0.7-4 GHz) from our GC Survey so far. I also discuss an extension of these strategies for our GP Parkes 21cm Multibeam Receiver (1.2-1.55 GHz) Survey, which covers roughly 3000 square degrees during 1200 hours, were we have extended the multibeam coincidence rejection technique used for detecting Fast Radio Bursts to scrutinize narrowband signals detected across 13-beams. This allows us to discriminate terrestrial interferences from truly sky localized signals to help us reject large fractions of false positives. I will review our strategy and preliminary search results, as well as its applications going forward as we look towards expanding our search with other multibeam telescopes.
Loss of RUBCN/rubicon in adipocytes mediates the upregulation of autophagy to promote the fasting response
Creators: name: Yamamuro, Tadashi
name: Nakamura, Shuhei
name: Yanagawa, Kyosuke
name: Tokumura, Ayaka
name: Kawabata, Tsuyoshi
name: Fukuhara, Atsunori
name: Teranishi, Hirofumi
name: Hamasaki, Maho
name: Shimomura, Iichiro
name: Yoshimori, Tamotsu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Computational Biology

description: Upon fasting, adipocytes release their lipids that accumulate in the liver, thus promoting hepatic steatosis and ketone body production. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are not fully understood. In this study, we found that fasting caused a substantial decrease in the adipose levels of RUBCN/rubicon, a negative regulator of macroautophagy/autophagy, along with an increase in autophagy. Adipose-specific rubcn-knockout mice exhibited systemic fat loss that was not accelerated by fasting. Genetic inhibition of autophagy in adipocytes in fasted mice led to a reduction in fat loss, hepatic steatosis, and ketonemia. In terms of mechanism, autophagy decreased the levels of its substrates NCOA1/SRC-1 and NCOA2/TIF2, which are also coactivators of PPARG/PPARγ, leading to a fasting-induced reduction in the mRNA levels of adipogenic genes in adipocytes. Furthermore, RUBCN in adipocytes was degraded through the autophagy pathway, suggesting that autophagic degradation of RUBCN serves as a feedforward system for autophagy induction during fasting. Collectively, we propose that loss of adipose RUBCN promotes a metabolic response to fasting via increasing autophagic activity.
Hierarchical spherical deformation for cortical surface registration
Creators: name: Lyu, I.
name: Landman, B.A.
name: Styner, M.A.
name: Kang, H.
name: Woodward, N.D.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2019

description: We present hierarchical spherical deformation for a group-wise shape correspondence to address template selection bias and to minimize registration distortion. In this work, we aim at a continuous and smooth deformation field to guide accurate cortical surface registration. In conventional spherical registration methods, a global rigid alignment and local deformation are independently performed. Motivated by the composition of precession and intrinsic rotation, we simultaneously optimize global rigid rotation and non-rigid local deformation by utilizing spherical harmonics interpolation of local composite rotations in a single framework. To this end, we indirectly encode local displacements by such local composite rotations as functions of spherical locations. Furthermore, we introduce an additional regularization term to the spherical deformation, which maximizes its rigidity while reducing registration distortion. To improve surface registration performance, we employ the second order approximation of the energy function that enables fast convergence of the optimization. In the experiments, we validate our method on healthy normal subjects with manual cortical surface parcellation in registration accuracy and distortion. We show an improved shape correspondence with high accuracy in cortical surface parcellation and significantly low registration distortion in surface area and edge length. In addition to validation, we discuss parameter tuning, optimization, and implementation design with potential acceleration.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ATTITUDE OF BANK CUSTOMERS TOWARDS THE USE OF AUTOMATED TELLER MACHINE - A CASE OF ACCESS BANK GHANA.
Creators: name: Razak, Hawa
name: Stephens, Cromwell Richard
name: Emmanuel, Saasi Sugri
name: Gameli, Dzivenu Michael
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 150299 Banking, Finance and Investment not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: 150201 Finance
subject: 150203 Financial Institutions (incl. Banking)
subject: 150307 Innovation and Technology Management

description: The study explores the factors influencing the use of ATM services of Access Bank Ghana Limited due to few studies which have been done on the study. The main objective of the study is to determine the factors that influence the attitude of bank customers towards the use of ATM. This was done by determining whether demographic factor contributes to the use of ATM services, examining whether customers’ knowledge about ATM services is a factor that influences their use and also identify challenges that customers face while using the ATM services. The population of the study consisted of all customers of Access Bank in Ghana. The study used tables, percentages and regression analysis. Quantitative research design was used. Questionnaires were the main instrument used for the data collection and it was gathered from 100 respondents using simple random sampling method for the purpose of the study. Primary data source were used for the study. Data were processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20). The study revealed that three demographic variables such as education, occupation and level of income of customers significantly affected the use of ATMs at Access Bank Ghana. The study indicated that, the majority of the customers of Access Bank had more knowledge about the usage of ATM machines for services such as withdraw cash, request for mini-statement and check available balance while there is limited knowledge on services such as deposit money and E-zwich cards. The major challenges faced by customers when using the ATM were shortage of cash in ATM, inability to withdraw larger amounts, ATM malfunction due to internet connectivity among others. The study however recommended that ATM be sufficiently stocked with cash, increasing the maximum cash that can be withdrawn per day and replacing existing ATMs with modern and durable once among others.
Диагностический магнитометр - индикатор магнитной бури МФ-04 MAGIC. Инструкция по эксплуатации. Троицк: ИЗМИРАН, 1992. - 12 с.
Creators: name: Любимов В.В.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1992
Subjects: Магнитное поле, феррозондовые магнитометры, компонентные магнитометры, магнитные измерения, магнитные возмущения, магнитные бури

description: Диагностический магнитометр - индикатор магнитной бури выполнен на основе феррозондового датчика и предназначен для измерения и индикации амплитуды магнитных возмущений в любом районе Земного шара в реальном масштабе времени.
On the multiplicity of closed geodesics on Finsler spheres with irrationally elliptic closed geodesics
Creators: name: Duan, Huagui
name: Liu, Hui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: If all prime closed geodesics on $(S^n,F)$ with an irreversible Finsler metric $F$ are irrationally elliptic, there exist either exactly $2\left[\frac{n+1}{2}\right]$ or infinitely many distinct closed geodesics. As an application, we show the existence of three distinct closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler $(S^3,F)$ if any prime closed geodesic has non-zero Morse index.
description: 12 pages. To appear in SCIENCE CHINA Mathematics. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1504.00245; text overlap with arXiv:0909.3566 by other authors
Gymnostomum (Physcomitrium) pyriforme
Creators: name: Maier, Eva
name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Pottiales
Pottiaceae
Gymnostomum
Gymnostomum pyriforme

description: Gymnostomum (Physcomitrium) pyriforme. As in Funaria hygrometrica the columella is connected with the seta by a loose tissue composed of conferve-like, many times branched filaments, the cells of which are densely filled with chloro- phyll (Tab. LVII. Fig. 3. y.). Somewhat below, at the place where the seta is enlarged into the capsule are visible, between the cells, numerous air holes (Fig. 3. x), which are connected with the atmosphere to the outer side by stomata, and in the inner part of the capsule directly with a big hole (Fig. 3. v) situated between the outer capsule wall and the spore sac.* *) This construction can be found in nearly all mosses. The stomata itself are indistinct from that of the higher plants, and the epidermis of the moss capsule which covers the leaves of the so-called complete plants is essentially the same; see also Schleiden: Grundzüge, Ed. 2, part 2, p. 81. [original page 569] In the upper part of the capsule is no trace of the development of teeth; the inside of this upper part consists of a tissue of large, regular cells; at that place only, where it separates at the moment of spore maturity, a slight depression is visible (compare Sphagnum) Fig. 3.  a; the cells of the epidermis there are smaller, the form differs somewhat from that of the other parts of the capsule. In Gymnostomum tenue, that I could examine, the formation of the annulus was somewhat different to that of Gymnostomum pyriforme; furthermore the columella is connected to the seta by a solid cell tissue. Otherwise the structure is congruent with the above described mosses.
description: Published as part of Maier, Eva & Price, Michelle J., 2014, Georg Bojung " Scato " Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts, pp. 1-79 in Boissiera 67 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10.5281/zenodo.5729519
Tetraphis pellucida
Creators: name: Maier, Eva
name: Price, Michelle J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Plantae
Bryophyta
Bryopsida
Tetraphidales
Tetraphidaceae
Tetraphis
Tetraphis pellucida

description: Tetraphis pellucida. The capsule as such shows no special features, but very curious is the development of the peristome teeth. In the part above the spore sac, below the membrane (Tab. LVII. Fig. 4. and 5. ee), nearly parallel to the longitudinal section, are two layers of relatively small, elongate, fairly thick- walled cells (Fig. 4 and 5. nn); within is a delicate tissue of large cells. At the moment of the complete maturity of the spores only the membrane detaches as the operculum (Tab. LVII. Fig. 5. ee) and all the inner cell tissue divides into four equal parts, presenting the peristome teeth. Already in the not yet deteriorated capsule the separating lines are indicated mostly by a strong development of inter-cellular substances between the cells (Tab. LVII. Fig. 4. xc, yc, zc).
description: Published as part of Maier, Eva & Price, Michelle J., 2014, Georg Bojung " Scato " Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts, pp. 1-79 in Boissiera 67 on page 32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10.5281/zenodo.5729519
The Incidence of Low-Metallicity Lyman-Limit Systems at z~3.5: Implications for the Cold-Flow Hypothesis of Baryonic Accretion
Creators: name: Cooper, Thomas J.
name: Simcoe, Robert A.
name: Cooksey, Kathy L.
name: O'Meara, John M.
name: Torrey, Paul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cold accretion is a primary growth mechanism of simulated galaxies, yet observational evidence of "cold flows" at redshifts where they should be most efficient ($z=2$-4) is scarce. In simulations, cold streams manifest as Lyman-limit absorption systems (LLSs) with low heavy-element abundances similar to those of the diffuse IGM. Here we report on an abundance survey of 17 H I-selected LLSs at $z=3.2$-4.4 which exhibit no metal absorption in SDSS spectra. Using medium-resolution spectra obtained at Magellan, we derive ionization-corrected metallicities (or limits) with a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo sampling that accounts for the large uncertainty in $N_{\rm HI}$ measurements typical of LLSs. The metal-poor LLS sample overlaps with the IGM in metallicity and is best described by a model where $71^{+13}_{-11}\%$ are drawn from the IGM chemical abundance distribution. These represent roughly half of all LLSs at these redshifts, suggesting that 28-40$\%$ of the general LLS population at $z\sim3.7$ could trace unprocessed gas. An ancillary sample of ten LLSs without any a priori metal-line selection is best fit with $48^{+14}_{-12}\%$ of metallicities drawn from the IGM. We compare these results with regions of a moving-mesh simulation; the simulation finds only half as many baryons in IGM-metallicity LLSs, and most of these lie beyond the virial radius of the nearest galaxy halo. A statistically significant fraction of all LLSs have low metallicity and therefore represent candidates for accreting gas; large-volume simulations can establish what fraction of these candidates actually lie near galaxies and the observational prospects for detecting the presumed hosts in emission.
description: 19 pages, 17 figures; Submitted to ApJ; Corrected figure 16b