cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Systematic procedural and sensitivity analysis of the pattern informatics method for forecasting large (M > 5) earthquake events in southern California
Creators: name: Holliday, James R.
name: Rundle, John B.
name: Tiampo, Kristy F.
name: Klein, Bill
name: Donnellan, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent studies in the literature have introduced a new approach to earthquake forecasting based on representing the space-time patterns of localized seismicity by a time-dependent system state vector in a real-valued Hilbert space and deducing information about future space-time fluctuations from the phase angle of the state vector. While the success rate of this Pattern Informatics (PI) method has been encouraging, the method is still in its infancy. Procedural analysis, statistical testing, parameter sensitivity investigation and optimization all still need to be performed. In this paper, we attempt to optimize the PI approach by developing quantitative values for "predictive goodness" and analyzing possible variations in the proposed procedure. In addition, we attempt to quantify the systematic dependence on the quality of the input catalog of historic data and develop methods for combining catalogs from regions of different seismic rates.
description: 39 pages, 4 tables, 9 figures. Submitted to Pure and Applied Geophysics on 30 November 2004
Energy system model parameters
Creators: name: Klemm, Christian
name: Budde, Janik
name: Becker, Gregor
name: Tockloth, Jan N.
name: Vennemann, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: energy system
multi-energy system
energy system modeling
urban energy system

description: This document contains explanations of the energy system model structure, as well as considered model parameters of the following study: “Potential-Risk and No-Regret Decisions for Urban Energy System Design - A Sensitivity Analysis”
 The development of this document is an ongoing process and was initiated for the creation of an energy system model within the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)-funded project “RessourcenPlan im Quartier (R2Q)”. Accordingly, some structural elements and model parameters were adopted, others were updated.
Turbulence in the Solar Atmosphere: Manifestations and Diagnostics via Solar Image Processing
Creators: name: Georgoulis, Manolis K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Intermittent magnetohydrodynamical turbulence is most likely at work in the magnetized solar atmosphere. As a result, an array of scaling and multi-scaling image-processing techniques can be used to measure the expected self-organization of solar magnetic fields. While these techniques advance our understanding of the physical system at work, it is unclear whether they can be used to predict solar eruptions, thus obtaining a practical significance for space weather. We address part of this problem by focusing on solar active regions and by investigating the usefulness of scaling and multi-scaling image-processing techniques in solar flare prediction. Since solar flares exhibit spatial and temporal intermittency, we suggest that they are the products of instabilities subject to a critical threshold in a turbulent magnetic configuration. The identification of this threshold in scaling and multi-scaling spectra would then contribute meaningfully to the prediction of solar flares. We find that the fractal dimension of solar magnetic fields and their multi-fractal spectrum of generalized correlation dimensions do not have significant predictive ability. The respective multi-fractal structure functions and their inertial-range scaling exponents, however, probably provide some statistical distinguishing features between flaring and non-flaring active regions. More importantly, the temporal evolution of the above scaling exponents in flaring active regions probably shows a distinct behavior starting a few hours prior to a flare and therefore this temporal behavior may be practically useful in flare prediction. The results of this study need to be validated by more comprehensive works over a large number of solar active regions.
description: 26 pages, 7 figures
AGRICULTURE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT - THE MINNESOTA CASE
Creators: name: Sundquist, W. Burt
name: Sundquist, W. Burt
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1977
Subjects: Community/Rural/Urban Development

description: The comments which follow relating to the role of agriculture in Minnesota's economic development are organized into four sections. First a brief look is taken at historical changes in production agriculture in Minnesota. Second some crude comparisons are made of growth over time in agriculture and in other major economic sectors. Third a brief assessment is made of current employment and income in Minnesota's agriculture and related industries. Finally, a list is presented of several future issues which appear important for Minnesota's agriculture with particular reference to its natural resource base.
Cold Molecule Spectroscopy for Constraining the Evolution of the Fine Structure Constant
Creators: name: Hudson, Eric R.
name: Lewandowski, H. J.
name: Sawyer, Brian C.
name: Ye, Jun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: General Physics (physics.gen-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report precise measurements of ground-state, $λ$-doublet microwave transitions in the hydroxyl radical molecule (OH). Utilizing slow, cold molecules produced by a Stark decelerator we have improved over the precision of the previous best measurement by twenty-five-fold for the F' = 2 $\to$ F = 2 transition, yielding (1 667 358 996 $\pm$ 4) Hz, and by ten-fold for the F' = 1 $\to$ F = 1 transition, yielding (1 665 401 803 $\pm$ 12) Hz. Comparing these laboratory frequencies to those from OH megamasers in interstellar space will allow a sensitivity of 1 ppm for $Δα/α$ over $\sim$$10^{10}$ years.
description: This version corrects minor typos in the Zeeman shift discussion
Origin of the fast magnetization tunneling in the single-molecule magnet [Ni(hmp)(tBuEtOH)Cl]4
Creators: name: Kirman, C.
name: Lawrence, J.
name: Hill, S.
name: Yang, E-C.
name: Hendrickson, D. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present high-frequency angle-dependent EPR data for crystals of [NixZn1-x(hmp)(t-BuEtOH)Cl]4 (x = 1 and 0.02). The x = 1 complex behaves as a single-molecule magnet at low temperatures, displaying hysteresis and exceptionally fast magnetization tunneling. We show that this behavior is related to a 4th-order transverse crystal-field interaction, which produces a significant tunnel-splitting (~10 MHz) of the ground state of this S = 4 system. The magnitude of the 4th-order anisotropy, and the dominant axial term (D), can be related to the single-ion interactions (Di and Ei) at the individual NiII sites, as determined for the x = 0.02 crystals.
description: 11 pages including 2 figures
Einstein-Æther Gravity in the light of Event Horizon Telescope Observations of M87*
Creators: name: Khodadi, Mohsen
name: Saridakis, Emmanuel N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate Einstein-Æther gravity in light of the recent Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of the M87*. The shape and size of the observed black hole shadow contains information of the geometry in its vicinity, and thus one can consider it as a potential probe to investigate different gravitational theories, since the involved calculation framework is enriched with different size-rotation features as well as with extra model parameters. In the case of Einstein-Æther gravity the black hole solutions include two classes depending on the involved æther parameters. We calculate the corresponding photon effective potential, the unstable photon sphere radius, and finally, the induced angular size, which combined with the mass and the distance can lead to a single prediction that quantifies the black hole shadow, namely the diameter per unit mass $d$. Since $d_{M87*}$ is observationally known from the EHT Probe, we extract the corresponding parameter regions in order to obtain consistency. We find that Einstein-Æther black hole solutions agree with the shadow size of EHT M87*, if the involved Æther parameters are restricted within specific ranges, along with an upper bound on the dimensionless spin parameter $a$, which is verified by a full scan of the parameter space within $1σ$-error.
description: 29 pages, 10 figures. v2: discussion improved, figures and references added, matches the version accepted for publication in "Physics of the Dark Universe"
Elicitation session
Creators: name: Lamoureux, Spencer
name: Otaegui, Alfonso
name: Schinzel, Eva
name: Skilton, Amalia Horan
name: Zapana Almanza, Hector
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2016
Subjects: Aymara language

description: Case; uvular effects; tense; motion
Picosecond Timing Resolution Measurements of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors with a 120 GeV Proton Beam for the TOPSiDE Detector Concept
Creators: name: Jadhav, M.
name: Armstrong, W.
name: Cloet, I.
name: Joosten, S.
name: Mazza, S. M.
name: Metcalfe, J.
name: Meziani, Z. -E.
name: Sadrozinski, H. F. -W.
name: Schumm, B.
name: Seiden, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper presents results that take a critical step toward proving 10 ps timing resolution's feasibility for particle identification in the TOPSiDE detector concept for the Electron-Ion Collider. Measurements of LGADs with a thickness of 35 micro-m and 50 micro-m are evaluated with a 120 GeV proton beam. The performance of the gain and timing response is assessed, including the dependence on the reverse bias voltage and operating temperature. The best timing resolution of UFSDs in a test beam to date is achieved using three combined planes of 35 micro-m thick LGADs at -30 degree celsius with a precision of 14.3 ps (uncertainty 1.5 ps).
description: 18 pages, 16 figures, 3 tables
Novel patterns for vector mesons from the large-Nc limit
Creators: name: Cata, O.
name: Mateu, V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on a relation between the decay constants of ρ-like J^{PC}=1^{--} vector mesons, which arises solely from the perturbative analysis of the VV, TT and VT correlators at order α_s^0 in the large-N_c limit. We find f_{V}^T/f_{V}=1/\sqrt{2} for highly excited states together with a pattern of alternation in sign. Quite remarkably, recent lattice determinations reported f_ρ^T/f_ρ=0.72(2), in excellent agreement with our large-N_c result. This seems to suggest a pattern like f_{Vn}^T/f_{Vn}=(-1)^n/\sqrt{2} for the whole (1^{--}) states. In order to test this conjecture in real QCD we construct a set of spectral sum rules, which turn out to comply nicely with this scenario.
description: 7 pages
The development and evaluation of a measure of proximal correlates of male domestic violence
Creators: name: Starzomski, Andrew J.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation examined how psychological variables associated with selfcontrol related to abusiveness in situations of intimate conflict. The variables of interest were efficacy, need for power and responsibility. These variables were examined relative to other predictors of abuse such as the Abusive Personality (Dutton, 1994b), a construct of personality features that predispose some men to intensely aversive emotional arousal in their intimate relationship, leading to abusiveness. The research is relevant to the experience of those men with the characteristics of Abusive Personality, as well as those who may not have those predispositional features. The first step of the project was the development of the Power, Conflict Efficacy and Responsibility Questionnaire (PCERQ), with its four sub-scales: (1) Conflict Ineffectiveness (CI; lack of conflict efficacy), (2) N-Power (NP; need for power), (3) Standards of Non-Abusiveness (SNA; one part of responsibility), and (4) Exonerative Rationalizations (ER; cognitions complicit with inconsistent self-control - a second part of responsibility). These sub-scales were developed on the basis of data collected from samples of undergraduate males in dating relationships (n = 147), men in treatment groups for wife assault (n = 50), and a community sample of men (n = 27). Results from regression equations predicting self-reported abuse with the PCERQ sub-scales, along with other theoretically-relevant measures, found that CI was a prominent and consistent predictor of both verbal and physical abuse. The interaction of the NP and ER sub-scales significantly predicted physical abuse, as did the interaction of the CI sub-scale with the Abusive Personality (the most abusive participants had the highest scores on both Abusive Personality and Conflict Ineffectiveness). These results show the importance of considering both situational conflict experiences, along with personality and life history variables, when examining wife assault.
Statistics of Neutron Stars at the Stage of Supersonic Propeller
Creators: name: Beskin, V. S.
name: Eliseeva, S. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the statistical distribution of neutron stars at the stage of a supersonic propeller. An important point of our analysis is allowance for the evolution of the angle of inclination of the magnetic axis to the spin axis of the neutron star for the boundary of the transition to the supersonic propeller stage for two models: the model with hindered particle escape from the stellar surface and the model with free particle escape. As a result, we have shown that a consistent allowance for the evolution of the inclination angle in the region of extinct radio pulsars for the two models leads to an increase in the total number of neutron stars at the supersonic propeller stage. This increase stems from he fact that when allowing for the evolution of the inclination angle $χ$ for neutron stars in the region of extinct radio pulsars and, hence, for the boundary of the transition to the propeller stage, this transition is possible at shorter spin periods (P~5-10 s) than assumed in the standard model.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures; scale corrected for figures 3-6
Bridging particle deformability and collective response in soft solids
Creators: name: Treado, John D.
name: Wang, Dong
name: Boromand, Arman
name: Murrell, Michael P.
name: Shattuck, Mark D.
name: O'Hern, Corey S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Soft, amorphous solids such as tissues, foams, and emulsions are composed of deformable particles. However, the effect of single-particle deformability on the collective behavior of soft solids is still poorly understood. We perform numerical simulations of two-dimensional jammed packings of explicitly deformable particles to study the mechanical response of model soft solids. We find that jammed packings of deformable particles with excess shape degrees of freedom possess low-frequency quartic vibrational modes that stabilize the packings even though they possess fewer interparticle contacts than the nominal isostatic value. Adding intra-particle constraints can rigidify the particles, but these particles undergo a buckling transition and gain an effective shape degree of freedom when their preferred perimeter is above a threshold value. We find that the mechanical response of jammed packings of deformable particles with shape degrees of freedom differs significantly from that of jammed packings of rigid-shape particles, which emphasizes the importance of particle deformability in modelling soft solids.
description: 12 pages total, 6 main figures, 4 appendices, 5 appendix figures
Energy system model parameters: Version Expired
Creators: name: Klemm, Christian
name: Budde, Janik
name: Becker, Gregor
name: Tockloth, Jan N.
name: Vennemann, Peter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: energy system
multi-energy system
energy system modeling
urban energy system

description: Expired version, please use this corrected version: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6997547
Competition Among Rent Seeking Groups in General Equilibrium
Creators: name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Graham-Tomasi, Theodore
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Graham-Tomasi, Theodore
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1990
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: General equilibrium
subject: political economy
subject: rent seeking
subject: lobbying

description: A two sector general equilibrium model is developed in which households can influence the government's choice of the relative price of traded goods and the level of public goods supplied to each sector. The model is used to illustrate key problems addressed by the political economy literature, modeling issues that arise, and the nature of insights that can be obtained that traditional approaches cannot discern.
How soliton-anti soliton di quark pairs signify an Einstein constant dominated cosmology, and lead to new inflationary cosmology physics
Creators: name: Beckwith, A. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review the results of a model of how nucleation of a new universe occurs, assuming a di quark identification for soliton-anti soliton constituent parts of a scalar field. Initially, we employ a false vacuum potential system; however ,when cosmological expansion is dominated by the Einstein cosmological constant at the end of chaotic inflation, the initial di quark scalar field is not consistent with respect to a semi classical consistency conditions we analyze as the potential changes to the chaotic inflationary potential utilized by Guth. We use Scherrer's derivation of a sound speed being zero during initial inflationary cosmology, and obtain a sound speed approaching unity as the slope of the scalar field moves away from a thin wall approximation. All this is to aid in a data reconstruction problem of how to account for the initial origins of CMB due to dark matter since effective field theories as presently constructed require a cut off value for applicability of their potential structure. This is often at the cost of, especially in early universe theoretical models, of clearly defined baryogenesis, and of a well defined mechanism of phase transitions.
description: 45 pages, 3 figures, very expanded version of material in accepted PANIC 2005 talk at Santa Fe, NM, which will in abbreviated form be in AIP published proceedings for PANIC 2005
title: La Cina delle Olimpiadi dal 2008 al 2022: parole, leggi e paesaggi urbani in mutamento
Creators: name: Antonelli, Federico Roberto
name: Lepadat, Carmen
name: Romagnoli, Chiara
Publisher: name: Roma Tre University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/05vf0dg29
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 2024

description:

Il volume intende offrire una descrizione dei cambiamenti avvenuti in Cina negli anni intercorsi tra le Olimpiadi del 2008 e quelle del 2022, illustrando il Paese da diverse prospettive di ricerca: quelle del diritto, della linguistica, dell’architettura, della politica e dell’economia. A questi ambiti si riconducono i tredici contributi raccolti nel volume, che include la trattazione di temi molto diversi tra loro, affrontati con metodologie di ricerca molto distanti, ma tutti accomunati dall’intento di far luce sull’attualità cinese in un arco di tempo relativamente breve, poco più di una decade, dalla consultazione, per la maggior parte dei contributi, di fonti in lingua e dalla esperienza diretta che molti degli autori hanno avuto con il mondo cinese.
COVID-19 KASALLIGIDAN KEYIN MIOKARDIT VA UNING PROFLAKTIKASI
Creators: name: Xolboboeva, Shaxnoza
name: Axmadjonova, Diyorahon
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Maqolada koronavirus pandemiyasi vaqti mobaynida shifoxonada davolangan  38 nafar bemorning  davolash tajribasi jamlangan. Klinik ko‘rinishlari , kechishi , diagnostik usullariga  qarab muhokama qilingan va takliflar berilgan.
Linking globular cluster structural parameters and their evolution: multiple stellar populations
Creators: name: Mastrobuono-Battisti, Alessandra
name: Perets, Hagai B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Globular clusters (GCs) are known to host multiple stellar populations showing chemical anomalies in the content of light elements. The origin of such anomalies observed in Galactic GCs is still debated. Here we analyse data compiled from the Hubble Space Telescope, ground-based surveys and Gaia DR2 and explore relationships between the structural properties of GCs and the fraction of second population (2P) stars. Given the correlations we find, we conclude that the main factor driving the formation/evolution of 2P stars is the cluster mass. The existing strong correlations between the 2P fraction and the rotational velocity and concentration parameter could derive from their correlation with the cluster mass. Furthermore, we observe that increasing cluster escape velocity corresponds to higher 2P fractions. Each of the correlations found is bimodal, with a different behaviour detected for low and high mass (or escape velocity) clusters. These correlations could be consistent with an initial formation of more centrally concentrated 2P stars in deeper cluster potentials, followed by a long-term tidal stripping of stars from clusters outskirts. The latter are dominated by the more extended distributed first population (1P) stars, and therefore stronger tidal stripping would preferentially deplete the 1P population, raising the cluster 2P fraction. This also suggests a tighter distribution of initial 2P fractions than observed today. In addition, higher escape velocities allow better retention of low-velocity material ejected from 1P stars, providing an alternative/additional origin for the observed differences and the distributions of 2P fractions amongst GCs.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures (5 in the main text, 3 in the appendix), 7 tables (3 in the main text, 4 in the appendix). Accepted for publication in MNRAS
A Computable Equilibrium Model for the Study of Political Economy
Creators: name: Freeman, John R.
name: Freeman, John R.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Political Economy

description: Despite much hard work in recent years, economics and political science remain largely separate disciplines. Few meaningful bridges have been build between them, and hence useful gains from intellectual trade between the two have not been realized. Some of the most recent efforts to construct such a bridge are critically evaluated. It is shown that this literature suffers from a lack of theoretical balance between economic and political theory; unrealistic, temporally aggregated conceptions of political-economic equilibrium; failure to incorporate theoretically meaningful stochastic elements of economic and political processes; and the absence of a coherent methodology for gauging the empirical power of political-economic models. In the spirit of the AJPS workshop, it is shown how these problems can be solved. An improved model is built, one which fuses a branch of real business cycle theory and the theory of Presidential approval. This model produces a notion of computable political-economic equilibrium which provides for market clearing, and simultaneous stochastic optimization by economic and political agents. Then, using data analysis techniques developed in parallel by real business cycle theorists (Lucas, 1981, Prescott, 1986, 1991, Kyland and Prescott 1990, 1991) and political methodologists (Brady, forthcoming; Jackson, 1995)) the model is calibrated for the U.S. It is demonstrated that the calibrated model mimics the data for the U.S., that is, when simulated, the model produces time series which when appropriately detrended have properties which are very similar to those of detrended actual data for the sample period. Finally, the model is used to study some important counterfactuals. One of these is the impact of the increase in approval volatility that the new world order is likely to spawn; the other is an assessment of the impact of Presidents pursuing relatively high--nonminimum winning--levels of approval. In these ways, a better bridge is constructed between the two disciplines and valuable insights are gained into the interplay of democracy and markets.
Detection of cosmic neutrino clustering by cosmic ray spectra
Creators: name: Hwang, W-Y. P.
name: Ma, Bo-Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a method to investigate the scenario that cosmic relic neutrinos are highly clustered around stars and galaxies, or dark-matter clusters, rather than uniformly distributed in the universe. Such a scenario can be detected or constrained by the interaction of high energy cosmic ray protons and nuclei with the cosmic neutrinos. There should be observable signature in the energy spectra of cosmic ray protons and nuclei for a neutrino clustering factor beyond $10^{13}$. We provide a relation on the signature onset positions between proton and nuclei spectra, and discuss possible support from existing experiments. It is also suggested that the relative abundance of cosmic ray nuclei may detect or constrain the cosmic neutrinos with smaller clustering.
description: 8 Latex Pages
Democracy, rent seeking, and growth: Is there a U curve?
Creators: name: Mohtadi, Hamid
name: Roe, Terry L.
name: Mohtadi, Hamid
name: Roe, Terry L.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: International Development
Political Economy

description: A simple two-sector endogenous growth model of government spending and growth is developed with a producing and a lobbying sector. Lobbyists divert government spending for private gains. One key innovation is this: With democratization, information (and power) becomes more diffused (public), allowing more lobbyists to lobby but reducing gains per lobbyist. Thus, aggregate rents rise with the number of lobbyists but fall with increasing competition among them. This simple mechanism produces a "U" curve in which growth falls with early democratization but rises later, and a related "inverted U" curve in which rents rise with early democratization but fall later. Extensive empirical test of the interrelationship between growth, government spending, corruption (Proxy for rents) and democracy for 61 countries verify the key structural aspects of the model.
School cohesion, speed, and efficiency are modulated by the swimmers flapping motion
Creators: name: Heydari, Sina
name: Kanso, Eva
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Fish schools are ubiquitous in marine life. Although flow interactions are thought to be beneficial for schooling, their exact effects on the speed, energetics, and stability of the group remain elusive. Recent experiments suggest that flow interactions stabilize in-tandem formations of heaving foils. Here, we propose a minimal approach based on the vortex sheet model that captures salient features of the flow interactions among flapping swimmers, and we study the free swimming of a pair of in-line swimmers driven with identical heaving or pitching motions. We find that, independent of the flapping mode, the follower passively stabilizes at discrete locations in the wake of the leader, consistent with the heaving foil experiments, but pitching swimmers exhibit tighter and more cohesive formations. Further, in comparison to swimming alone, pitching motions increase the energetic efficiency of the group while heaving motions result in a slight increase in the swimming speed. These results recapitulate that flow interactions provide a passive mechanism that promotes school cohesion, and provide novel insight into the role of the flapping mode in controlling the emergent properties of the school.
Magnetic field in Cepheus A as deduced from OH maser polarimetric observations
Creators: name: Bartkiewicz, A.
name: Szymczak, M.
name: Cohen, R. J.
name: Richards, A. M. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the results of MERLIN polarization mapping of OH masers at 1665 and 1667 MHz towards the Cepheus A star-forming region. The maser emission is spread over a region of 6 arcsec by 10 arcsec, twice the extent previously detected. In contrast to the 22 GHz water masers, the OH masers associated with H II regions show neither clear velocity gradients nor regular structures. We identified ten Zeeman pairs which imply a magnetic field strength along the line-of-sight from -17.3 to +12.7 mG. The magnetic field is organised on the arcsecond scale, pointing towards us in the west and away from us in the east side. The linearly polarized components, detected for the first time, show regularities in the polarization position angles depending on their position. The electric vectors of OH masers observed towards the outer parts of H II regions are consistent with the interstellar magnetic field orientation, while those seen towards the centres of H II regions are parallel to the radio-jets. A Zeeman quartet inside a southern H II region has now been monitored for 25 years; we confirm that the magnetic field decays monotonically over that period.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures,accepted for publication in MNRAS
Bohr's 1913 molecular model revisited
Creators: name: Svidzinsky, Anatoly A.
name: Scully, Marlan O.
name: Herschbach, Dudley R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: It is generally believed that the old quantum theory, as presented by Niels Bohr in 1913, fails when applied to few electron systems, such as the H2 molecule. Here we find new solutions within the Bohr theory that describe the potential energy curve for the lowest singlet and triplet states of H2 about as well as the early wave mechanical treatment of Heitler and London. We also develop a new interpolation scheme which substantially improves the agreement with the exact ground state potential curve of H2 and provides a good description of more complicated molecules such as LiH, Li2, BeH and He2.
description: 6 pages, 9 figures
The Nuclear Modification Factor at Large Rapidities
Creators: name: Barnafoldi, G. G.
name: Levai, P.
name: Papp, G.
name: Fai, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: RHIC data on high-$p_T$ hadron production display strong suppression in a wide rapidity region, indicating strong induced energy loss for both transversally and longitudinally traveling partons. We investigate the interplay of energy loss and rapidity dependence in a perturbative QCD improved parton model, and estimate the opacity of the produced hot matter in $AuAu$ collisions at energies $\sqrt{s}=200$ $A$GeV and 63 $A$GeV at different rapidity values. Direction-dependent suppression offers the possibility to study the geometry of the hot matter.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures, Contribution to the Poster Proceedings of the Quark Matter 2005 Conference. To be published in Nuclear Physics A
The Integration Processes of Migrants and Refugees in Germany
Creators: name: Freitas Monteiro, Teresa
Publisher: name: Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Rückkehrabsichten
subject: Viktimisierung
subject: gefesseltes Umzugsunternehmen
subject: fremdenfeindliche Proteste
subject: return intentions
subject: victimization
subject: tied movers
subject: xenophobic protests
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften
subject: QV 224

description: In dieser Dissertation untersuche ich verschiedene Aspekte des Integrationsprozesses von Migranten und Flüchtlingen, insbesondere wie sich ihre Präsenz auf die Protestaktivitäten und Einstellungen von Einheimischen auswirkt. Die vier Kapitel bauen auf der bestehenden Literatur auf und zielen darauf ab, diese in mehreren Aspekten zu ergänzen. Das erste und das zweite Kapitel verbessern unser Verständnis der kausalen Auswirkungen der Bedingungen im Heimatland auf die Rückkehrabsichten und die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Migranten im Zielland sowie das Verständnis der Auswirkungen traumatischer Erfahrungen während der Flucht auf die Arbeitsmarktintegration von Flüchtlingen. Das dritte Kapitel befasst sich mit der soziokulturellen Integration von Familienmigranten in einem Land, das nicht ihre erste Wahl darstellt. Das vierte Kapitel untersucht die Auswirkungen der Anwesenheit von Ausländern auf die Protestaktivität einer bestimmten Gruppe von Einheimischen und wie sich diese Proteste auf die Besorgnis über Fremdenfeindlichkeit und Intoleranz auf nationaler Ebene auswirken. Die Ergebnisse der Dissertation sollen die politischen Entscheidungsträger über die potenziellen Nebenwirkungen der Migrationspolitik informieren und empirische Erkenntnisse liefern, die zur Verbesserung bestehender und zur besseren Gestaltung künftiger politischer Maßnahmen beitragen.
description: In this PhD thesis, I look at different aspects of the integration process of migrants and refugees, and how their presence affects the protest activity and attitudes of natives. The four chapters build on and aim to extend the existing literature along several dimensions. The first and second chapters improve our understanding of the causal effect of home country conditions on migrants' return intentions and labour market outcomes at destination and of the effect of traumatizing experiences along the journey on refugees' labour market integration. The third chapter explores the socio-cultural integration of family migrants in a country that was not their primary choice, while the fourth chapter examines the effect of the presence of foreigners on the protest activity of a particular group of natives and how these protests affect worries about xenophobia and intolerance at the national level. The findings in the dissertation aim to inform policymakers on the potential side-effect of migration policies and to provide empirical evidence that help improve existing policies and better design future ones.eral dimensions.
Foliations and Chern-Heinz inequalities
Creators: name: Barbosa, J. L. M.
name: Bessa, G. Pacelli
name: Montenegro, J Fabio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We extend the Chern-Heinz inequalities about mean curvature and scalar curvature of graphs of $C^{2}$-functions to leaves of transversally oriented codimension one $C^{2}$-foliations of Riemannian manifolds. That extends partially Salavessa's work on mean curvature of graphs and generalize results of Barbosa-Kenmotsu-Oshikiri \cite{barbosa-kenmotsu-Oshikiri} and Barbosa-Gomes-Silveira \cite{barbosa-gomes-silveira} about foliations of 3-dimensional Riemannian manifolds by constant mean curvature surfaces. These Chern-Heinz inequalities for foliations can be applied to prove Haymann-Makai-Osserman inequality (lower bounds of the fundamental tones of bounded open subsets $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^{2}$ in terms of its inradius) for embedded tubular neighborhoods of simple curves of $\mathbb{R}^{n}$.
description: This paper is an improvment of an earlier paper titled On Chern-Heinz Inequalities. 8 Pages, Latex
Kernel-based parameter estimation of dynamical systems with unknown observation functions
Creators: name: Lindenbaum, Ofir
name: Sagiv, Amir
name: Mishne, Gal
name: Talmon, Ronen
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A low-dimensional dynamical system is observed in an experiment as a high-dimensional signal; for example, a video of a chaotic pendulums system. Assuming that we know the dynamical model up to some unknown parameters, can we estimate the underlying system's parameters by measuring its time-evolution only once? The key information for performing this estimation lies in the temporal inter-dependencies between the signal and the model. We propose a kernel-based score to compare these dependencies. Our score generalizes a maximum likelihood estimator for a linear model to a general nonlinear setting in an unknown feature space. We estimate the system's underlying parameters by maximizing the proposed score. We demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the method using two chaotic dynamical systems - the double pendulum and the Lorenz '63 model.
John S. Stephens, Danger Zones. A Study of National Minorities
Creators: name: Prackwieser, Josef
name: Obermair, Hannes
Publisher: name: Eurac Research
Year: 2025

description: 95 years ago, the study Danger Zones. A Study of National Minorities by John S. Stephens (1891-1954) was published in London. This largely forgotten inter-war text is annotated for the first time in this book and republished in German translation. But why is it worth rediscovering and 're-reading' this almost 100-year-old essay, which vividly describes the precarious situation of national minorities in the inter-war period?
Flow curves of dense colloidal dispersions: schematic model analysis of the shear-dependent viscosity near the colloidal glass transition
Creators: name: Fuchs, Matthias
name: Ballauff, Matthias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recently proposed schematic model for the non--linear rheology of dense colloidal dispersions is compared to flow curves measured in suspensions that consist of thermosensitive particles. The volume fraction of this purely repulsive model system can be adjusted by changing temperature. Hence, high volume fractions ($ϕ\leq 0.63$) can be achieved in a reproducible manner. The quantitative analysis of the flow curves suggests that the theoretical approach captures the increase of the low shear viscosity with increasing density, the shear thinning for increasing shear rate, and the yielding of a soft glassy solid. Variations of the high shear viscosity can be traced back to hydrodynamic interactions which are not contained in the present approach but can be incorporated into the data analysis by an appropriate rescaling.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Comparing the cognitive performance of action video game players and age-matched controls following a cognitively fatiguing task: A stage 2 registered report
Creators: name: Campbell, Mark
name: Cregan, Sarah C
name: Joyce, John M
name: Kowal, Magdalena
name: Toth, Adam
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 520107
subject: Sport and exercise psychology

description: Recent work demonstrates that those who regularly play action video games (AVGs) consistently outperform non-gamer (NG) controls on tests of various cognitive abilities. AVGs place high demands on several cognitive functions and are often engaged with for long periods of time (e.g., over 2h), predisposing players to experiencing cognitive fatigue. The detrimental effects of cognitive fatigue have been widely studied in various contexts where accurate per-formance is crucial, including aviation, military, and sport. Even though AVG players may be prone to experiencing cognitive fatigue, this topic has received little research attention to date. In this study, we compared the effect of a cognitively fatiguing task on the subsequent cognitive performance of action video game players and NG control participants. Our results indicated AVGs showed superior spatial working memory and complex attention abilities while showing no difference from NGs on simple attention performance. Additionally, we found that our cognitive fatigue and control interventions did not differentially affect the cognitive performance of AVGs and NGs in this study. This pre-registered study provides evidence that AVGs show superior cognitive abilities in comparison to a non-gaming population, but do not appear more resilient to cognitive fatigue.
Interferometric geometry from symmetry-broken Uhlmann gauge group with applications to topological phase transitions
Creators: name: Silva, Hector
name: Mera, Bruno
name: Paunković, Nikola
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide a natural generalization of a Riemannian structure, i.e., a metric, recently introduced by Sjöqvist for the space of non degenerate density matrices, to the degenerate case, i.e., the case in which the eigenspaces have dimension greater than or equal to 1. We present a physical interpretation of the metric in terms of an interferometric measurement. We apply this metric, physically interpreted as an interferometric susceptibility, to the study of topological phase transitions at finite temperatures for band insulators. We compare the behaviors of this susceptibility and the one coming from the well-known Bures metric, showing them to be dramatically different. While both infer zero temperature phase transitions, only the former predicts finite temperature phase transitions as well. The difference in behaviors can be traced back to a symmetry breaking mechanism, akin to Landau-Ginzburg theory, by which the Uhlmann gauge group is broken down to a subgroup determined by the type of the system's density matrix (i.e., the ranks of its spectral projectors).
description: Main text (7 pages, 3 figures) + Appendix (7 pages); closer to published version
Coarse-grained molecular dynamics: Nonlinear finite elements and finite temperature
Creators: name: Rudd, Robert E.
name: Broughton, Jeremy Q.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) is a technique developed as a concurrent multiscale model that couples conventional molecular dynamics (MD) to a more coarse-grained description of the periphery. The coarse-grained regions are modeled on a mesh in a formulation that generalizes conventional finite element modeling (FEM) of continuum elasticity. CGMD is derived solely from the MD model, however, and has no continuum parameters. As a result, it provides a coupling that is smooth and provides control of errors that arise at the coupling between the atomistic and coarse-grained regions. In this article, we elaborate on the formulation of CGMD, describing in detail how CGMD is applied to anharmonic solids and finite temperature simulations. As tests of CGMD, we present in detail the calculation of the phonon spectra for solid argon and tantalum in 3D, demonstrating how CGMD provides a better description of the elastic waves than that provided by FEM. We also present elastic wave scattering calculations that show the elastic wave scattering is more benign in CGMD than FEM. We also discuss the dependence of scattering on the properties of the mesh. We introduce a rigid approximation to CGMD that eliminates internal relaxation, similar to the Quasicontinuum technique, and compare it to the full CGMD.
description: 34 pages, 15 figures
Dark Matter, Destroyer of Worlds: Neutrino, Thermal, and Existential Signatures from Black Holes in the Sun and Earth
Creators: name: Acevedo, Javier F.
name: Bramante, Joseph
name: Goodman, Alan
name: Kopp, Joachim
name: Opferkuch, Toby
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Dark matter can be captured by celestial objects and accumulate at their centers, forming a core of dark matter that can collapse to a small black hole, provided that the annihilation rate is small or zero. If the nascent black hole is big enough, it will grow to consume the star or planet. We calculate the rate of dark matter accumulation in the Sun and Earth, and use their continued existence to place novel constraints on high mass asymmetric dark matter interactions. We also identify and detail less destructive signatures: a newly-formed black hole can be small enough to evaporate via Hawking radiation, resulting in an anomalous heat flow emanating from Earth, or in a flux of high-energy neutrinos from the Sun observable at IceCube. The latter signature is entirely new, and we find that it may cover large regions of parameter space that are not probed by any other method.
description: 40 pages, 12 figures, JCAP version
Evolving structures of star-forming clusters
Creators: name: Schmeja, S.
name: Klessen, R. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Understanding the formation and evolution of young star clusters requires quantitative statistical measures of their structure. We investigate the structures of observed and modelled star-forming clusters. By considering the different evolutionary classes in the observations and the temporal evolution in models of gravoturbulent fragmentation, we study the temporal evolution of the cluster structures. We apply different statistical methods, in particular the normalised mean correlation length and the minimum spanning tree technique. We refine the normalisation of the clustering parameters by defining the area using the normalised convex hull of the objects and investigate the effect of two-dimensional projection of three-dimensional clusters. We introduce a new measure $ξ$ for the elongation of a cluster. It is defined as the ratio of the cluster radius determined by an enclosing circle to the cluster radius derived from the normalised convex hull. The mean separation of young stars increases with the evolutionary class, reflecting the expansion of the cluster. The clustering parameters of the model clusters correspond in many cases well to those from observed ones, especially when the $ξ$ values are similar. No correlation of the clustering parameters with the turbulent environment of the molecular cloud is found, indicating that possible influences of the environment on the clustering behaviour are quickly smoothed out by the stellar velocity dispersion. The temporal evolution of the clustering parameters shows that the star cluster builds up from several subclusters and evolves to a more centrally concentrated cluster, while the cluster expands slower than new stars are formed.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, accepted by A&A; slightly modified according to the referee report