cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
The Global Knowledge Value Chain on Sustainability: Addressing Fragmentations through International Academic Partnerships
Creators: name: Schorr, Bettina
name: Braig, Marianne
name: Fritz, Barbara
name: Schütt, Brigitta
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: academic cooperation
subject: global knowledge value chains
subject: higher education
subject: inequalities
subject: internationalization
subject: sustainability transitions
subject: 300 Sozialwissenschaften::300 Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie::300 Sozialwissenschaften

description: While research on universities’ role in sustainability transitions has flourished in recent years, explorations into the potential of academic internationalization for the promotion of sustainability transitions are still rare. This article aims at contributing to this incipient literature by emphasizing an underexplored property of international academic networks and transnational academic cooperation: their potential to break disciplinary and geographical barriers in the global debates on how transitions towards sustainability can be achieved. When realizing this potential, international partnerships are able to provide more comprehensive knowledge to inform sustainability transitions while shaping sustainability transitions in various places at the same time. This article pursues three objectives: First, it introduces the concept of the “global knowledge value chain on sustainability” and explores its value as a heuristic to understand global knowledge production relevant for sustainability transitions. Furthermore, it identifies two fragmentations in this chain resulting from global inequalities and specific dynamics within the global science community. Second, it confirms empirically the fragmentations of this global knowledge value chain on sustainability. Third, it provides good practice ideas on how international academic partnerships can overcome these fragmentations by drawing on the authors’ experience with the international partnership “trAndeS—Postgraduate Program on Social Inequalities and Sustainable Development in the Andean Region” carried out by the Institute of Latin American Studies of Freie Universität Berlin and the Department of Social Sciences of the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Peru (PUCP).
Canções de ninar Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau/Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau lullabies
Creators: name: Uru-Eu-Wau-Wau, Mandá
name: Dos Santos, Wesley
Publisher: name: California Language Archive, University of California, Berkeley
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: urz

description: Canções de ninar Uru Eu Wau Wau entoadas por Mandá Uru Eu Wau Wau a sua neta Viviane.

------------------------------

Uru Eu Wau Wau lullabies sung by Mandá Uru Eu Wau Wau for her granddaughter Viviane.
Particle motion around magnetized black holes: Preston-Poisson space-time
Creators: name: Konoplya, R. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze motion of massless and massive particles around black holes immersed in an asymptotically uniform magnetic field and surrounded by some mechanical structure, which provides the magnetic field. The space-time is described by Preston-Poisson metric, which is the generalization of the well-known Ernst metric with a new parameter, tidal force, characterizing the surrounding structure. The Hamilton-Jacobi equations allow separation of variables in the equatorial plane. The presence of tidal force from surroundings considerably changes parameters of the test particle motion: it increases the radius of circular orbits of particles, increases the binding energy of massive particles going from a given circular orbits to the innermost stable orbit near black hole. In addition, it increases the distance of minimal approach, time delay and bending angle for a ray of light propagating near black hole.
description: 6 pages, RevTex, the version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
3D-Druckverfahren zur realistischen Simulation des Menschen in der Computertomographie
Creators: name: Jahnke, Paul
Publisher: name: Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computed tomography
subject: Phantom
subject: 3D printing
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit

description: Phantome haben zentrale Bedeutung in der Bewertung von Computertomographie (CT)-Bildgebung. Phantome bieten als Referenzobjekte definierter Grundwahrheit reproduzierbare Untersuchungsbedingungen und können bedenkenlos Röntgenstrahlung ausgesetzt werden. Im Rahmen dieser kumulativen Habilitationsschrift wurden Methoden entwickelt und untersucht, um Anatomie und Pathologien des Menschen durch neuartige Phantome in der CT zu simulieren. Es wurde gezeigt, dass Tintenstrahl- und Laserdruckverfahren geeignet sind, um Gewebekontraste in der CT zu erzeugen und dass mittels papierbasierter 3D-Druckverfahren realistische CT-Phantome hergestellt werden können. Durch die Manipulation von Bilddaten konnten Pathologien in Phantome eingefügt und zur Auswertung in der CT verwendet werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden Phantome mit Niedrigkontrastläsionen entwickelt und verwendet, um durch systematische Kombination von Aufnahme- und Rekonstruktionsparametern CT-Halsprotokolle hinsichtlich Dosis und Detektierbarkeit von Läsionen zu vergleichen. Darüber hinaus wurden durch Anpassung des Herstellungsverfahrens Phantome entwickelt, mit denen CT-gestützte Eingriffe simuliert werden konnten. Anhand der CT-gestützten periradikulären Therapie wurde die Simulation evaluiert und es wurden Empfehlungen für den zielgerechten Einsatz der Simulation für Ausbildungszwecke abgeleitet. Realistische Phantome bieten neue Möglichkeiten, um klinische CT-Bildgebung zu bewerten. Zu den zukünftigen Einsatzgebieten gehört die Evaluation von Bildgebung für zuverlässige qualitative und quantitative Diagnostik in der CT.
"ins1286113_resources.tar.gz" of "BICEP2 I: Detection Of B-mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales"
Creators: name: BICEP2 Collaboration
Publisher: name: HEPData
Year: 2014

description: ins1286113_resources.tar.gz (unpack then view insert.html)
description: BICEP2. Results are reported from the BICEP2 experiment, a Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarimeter specifically designed to search for the signal of inflationary gravitational waves in the B-mode power spectrum around angular multipole ~ 80. BICEP2 observed from the South Pole for three seasons from 2010 to 2012. An excess of B-mode power over the base lensed-LambdaCDM expectation is found in the range 30 < multipole < 150, inconsistent with the null hypothesis at a significance of > 5 sigma. The observed B-mode power spectrum is well-fit by a lensed-LambdaCDM + tensor theoretical model with tensor/scalar ratio r = 0.20 +0.07,-0.05, with r = 0 disfavoured at 7.0 sigma. Subtracting the best available estimate for foreground dust modifies the likelihood slightly so that r = 0 is disfavoured at 5.9 sigma.
Anisotropic Second Harmonic Generation From Monocrystalline Gold Flakes
Creators: name: Boroviks, Sergejs
name: Yezekyan, Torgom
name: Echarri, Álvaro Rodríguez
name: de Abajo, F. Javier García
name: Cox, Joel D.
name: Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.
name: Mortensen, N. Asger
name: Wolff, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Noble metals with well-defined crystallographic orientation constitute an appealing class of materials for controlling light-matter interactions on the nanoscale. Nonlinear optical processes, being particularly sensitive to anisotropy, are a natural and versatile probe of crystallinity in nano-optical devices. Here we study the nonlinear optical response of monocrystalline gold flakes, revealing a polarization dependence in second-harmonic generation from the {111} surface that is markedly absent in polycrystalline films. Apart from suggesting an approach for directional enhancement of nonlinear response in plasmonic systems, we anticipate that our findings can be used as a rapid and non-destructive method for characterization of crystal quality and orientation that may be of significant importance in future applications.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, color
Early Immune Initiation by Porcine Cells following Toxoplasma gondii Infection versus TLR Ligation
Creators: name: Hamid, Benjamin
name: Schlosser-Brandenburg, Josephine
name: Bechtold, Lalita
name: Ebner, Friederike
name: Rausch, Sebastian
name: Hartmann, Susanne
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: dendritic cells
subject: IFN
subject: IL-12
subject: IL-18
subject: monocytes
subject: NK cells
subject: NKp46
subject: pigs
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::636 Viehwirtschaft
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::616 Krankheiten

description: Containment of acute Toxoplasma gondii infection is dependent on an efficient interferon gamma response. However, the earliest steps of immune response initiation immediately following exposure to the parasite have not been previously characterized in pigs. Murine and human myeloid cells produce large quantities of interleukin (IL)-12 during early T. gondii infection. We therefore examined IL-12 expression by porcine peripheral blood monocytes and dendritic cell (DC) subsets following toll-like receptor (TLR) ligation and controlled T. gondii tachyzoite infection. We detected IL-12p40 expression by porcine plasmacytoid DC, but not conventional or monocyte-derived DC following TLR ligation. Unexpectedly, we also observed considerable IL-12p40 production by porcine CD3– NKp46+ cells—a classical natural killer cell phenotype—following TLR ligation. However, in response to T. gondii exposure, no IL-12 production was observed by either DC or CD3– NKp46+ cells. Despite this, IL-18 production by DC-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected following live T. gondii tachyzoite exposure. Only combined stimulation of porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells with recombinant IL-12p70 and IL-18 induced innate interferon gamma production by natural killer cells, while T cells and myeloid cells did not respond. Therefore, porcine CD3– NKp46+ cells serve as important IL-12 producers following TLR ligation, while IL-18 likely plays a prominent role in early immune response initiation in the pig following T. gondii infection.
Observation of D^+ to eta e^+ nu_e
Creators: name: CLEO Collaboration
name: Mitchell, R. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using a 281 pb^-1 data sample collected at the psi(3770) resonance with the CLEO-c detector at the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, we report the first observation of D^+ to eta e^+ nu_e. We also set upper limits for D^+ to eta' e^+ nu_e and D^+ to phi e^+ nu_e that are about two orders of magnitude more restrictive than those obtained by previous experiments.
description: 10 pages, available through http://www.lns.cornell.edu/public/CLNS/
The Cordilleran communication : the Brigade system of the far western fur trade
Creators: name: Favrholdt, Kenneth Cornaby
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This thesis is an examination of the fur trade transportation system through the northern Cordillera of North America in the 19th century. An historical geographical approach is used to reveal the development of the fur brigade system in what are now British Columbia and Washington State between 1793 and 1885. The earliest European explorations across the Cordillera, discussed in the first chapter, provided a framework for the routes subsequently used by the fur brigades. Many of the routes were aboriginal trade corridors; native guides typically helped the explorers find their way through the Cordillera. Theoretical considerations are also posed in this chapter to place fur trade transportation in a broader context of transportation modelling. The brigade routes through the Cordillera are the focus of the second chapter but connections beyond the Cordillera and the larger context of the fur trade are important also. The fur trade was a transcontinental and international enterprise. A description and analysis is made of the major routes through the Cordillera used by the Pacific Fur Company until 1812, the North West Company until 1821, and the Hudson's Bay Company until 1846. The system of the Siberian fur trade in this period is also considered. The third chapter describes the changes that occurred to the transportation system after 1846 with the settlement of the international boundary from the Rockies to the Pacific. The Hudson's Bay Company searched for an all-British route north of the 49th parallel, settling on a trail across the Cascade Mountains between forts Hope, Kamloops and Colvile. Chapter four identifies the different components of the transportation system in the Cordillera, termed "brigades," including different modes of transportation - canoes and bateaux, horses, men's backs, and dogsleds (used in the winter). The problems of portages, the variety of goods and supplies transported, the regimen, including the scheduling and logistics of the brigades, are all analyzed. Considered also is the human organization of the brigades and the concomitant problems of discipline and protection. The brigade system was tenuously maintained; much was problematic. The concluding chapter summarizes the development of a transcontinental link and the problems of maintaining such a system of transportation and communication in the pre-railway west. Theoretical issues are raised. The Fraser River gold rush of 1858 impacted on the fur trade in general; the construction of the Cariboo Waggon Road through British Columbia in the early 1860s further altered the system of fur trade transport. The surveys for a transcontinental railway after Confederation and the union of B.C. with Canada in 1871 resulted in the demise of the fur brigade routes as important transportation corridors through the Cordillera.
Local analytic classification of $q$-difference equations with $|q|=1$
Creators: name: Di Vizio, Lucia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Algebra (math.QA)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 39A13, 33E99

description: In this paper, we establish, under convenient diophantine assumptions, a complete analytic classification of $q$-difference modules over the field of germs of meromorphic functions at zero, proving some analytic analogs of the results by Soibelman and Vologodsky, cf. math.AG/0205117, and by Baranovsky and Ginzburg, cf. alg-geom/9607008.
description: 20 pages. Final version. Improved exposition
Icarus: a Flat and Fast Prograde Stellar Stream in the Milky Way disk
Creators: name: Fiorentin, Paola Re
name: Spagna, Alessandro
name: Lattanzi, Mario G.
name: Cignoni, Michele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the local volume of the Milky Way via chemical and kinematical measurements from high quality astrometric and spectroscopic data recently released by the Gaia, APOGEE and GALAH programs. We chemically select $1137$ stars up to $2.5$~kpc of the Sun and $\rm{[Fe/H]} \le -1.0$~dex, and find evidence of statistically significant substructures. Clustering analysis in velocity space classifies $163$ objects into eight kinematical groups, whose origin is further investigated with high resolution N-body numerical simulations of single merging events. The two retrograde groups appear associated with Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus, while the slightly prograde group could be connected to GSE or possibly Wukong. We find evidence of a new 44-member-strong prograde stream we name Icarus; to our knowledge, Icarus is the fast-rotating stream closest to the Galactic disk to date ($\langle Z_{\rm max} \rangle \lesssim 0.5$~kpc, $\langle V+V_{\rm{LSR}}\rangle \simeq 231~\rm{km~s^{-1}}$). Its peculiar chemical ($\langle \rm{[Fe/H]}\rangle \simeq -1.45$, $\langle \rm{[Mg/Fe]}\rangle \simeq -0.02$) and dynamical (mean eccentricity $\simeq 0.11$) properties are consistent with the accretion of debris from a dwarf galaxy progenitor with a stellar mass of $\sim 10^9 M_\sun$ on an initial prograde low-inclination orbit, $\sim 10^\circ$. The remaining prograde groups are either streams previously released by the same progenitor of Icarus (or Nyx), or remnants from different satellites accreted on initial orbits at higher inclination.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, 1 Table. Accepted for publication into The Astrophysical Journal Letters
Unusual $H$-$T$ phase diagram of CeRh$_2$As$_2$ -- the role of staggered non-centrosymmetricity
Creators: name: Schertenleib, Eric G.
name: Fischer, Mark H.
name: Sigrist, Manfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Superconductivity in a crystalline lattice without inversion is subject to complex spin-orbit-coupling effects, which can lead to mixed-parity pairing and an unusual magnetic response. In this study, the properties of a layered superconductor with alternating Rashba spin-orbit coupling in the stacking of layers, hence (globally) possessing a center of inversion, is analyzed in an applied magnetic field, using a generalized Ginzburg-Landau model. The superconducting order parameter consists of an even- and an odd-parity pairing component which exchange their roles as dominant pairing channel upon increasing the magnetic field. This leads to an unusual kink feature in the upper critical field and a first-order phase transition within the mixed phase. We investigate various signatures of this internal phase transition. The physics we discuss here could explain the recently found $H$--$T$ phase diagram of the heavy Fermion superconductor CeRh$_2$As$_2$.
Provisional Use of CLSI-Approved Quality Control Strains for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycoplasma (‘Mesomycoplasma’) hyorhinis
Creators: name: Käbisch, Lisa
name: Schink, Anne-Kathrin
name: Kehrenberg, Corinna
name: Schwarz, Stefan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST)
subject: broth microdilution
subject: Mycoplasma hyorhinis
subject: quality control strains
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::579 Mikroorganismen, Pilze, Algen

description: Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) should be conducted in a standardized manner prior to the start of an antimicrobial treatment. For fastidious bacteria, such as porcine Mycoplasma (‘Mesomycoplasma’) spp., specifically M. hyorhinis, neither guidelines or standards for the performance of AST, nor quality control strains for the validation of AST results are approved by organizations like the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The CLSI- and EUCAST-approved quality control strains Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 were chosen to validate AST by broth microdilution using modified Friis broth, developed as growth medium for porcine Mycoplasma (‘Mesomycoplasma’) spp. The antimicrobial agents doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, marbofloxacin, tetracycline, tiamulin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, and tylosin were examined using customized SensititreTM microtiter plates. Minimal inhibitory concentrations, determined after 24, 48, and 72 h, were mostly within the CLSI-approved quality control ranges for defined antimicrobial agents. We propose the use of the combination of E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and S. aureus ATCC 29213 as surrogate quality control strains for the validation of future AST results obtained for M. hyorhinis by broth microdilution using modified Friis broth.
Minutes of meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Winfield & Okanagan Centre Irrigation District, March 27, 1931
Creators: name: Trustees Of The Winfield And Okanagan Centre Irrigation District
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Minutes of meeting of the Board of Trustees of the Winfield & Okanagan Centre Irrigation District, dated March 27, 1931, regarding Duck Creek, the possible imncrease in the height of the dam at Beaver Lake, and Duck Creek water users.
Determination of Compton profiles at solid surfaces from first-principles calculations
Creators: name: Lemell, Christoph
name: Arnau, Andres
name: Burgdörfer, Joachim
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Projected momentum distributions of electrons, i.e. Compton profiles above the topmost atomic layer have recently become experimentally accessible by kinetic electron emission in grazing-incidence scattering of atoms at atomically flat single crystal metal surfaces. Sub-threshold emission by slow projectiles was shown to be sensitive to high-momentum components of the local Compton profile near the surface. We present a method to extract momentum distribution, Compton profiles, and Wigner and Husimi phase space distributions from ab-initio density-functional calculations of electronic structure. An application for such distributions to scattering experiments is discussed.
description: 13 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PRB
Understanding the origin of white dwarf atmospheric pollution by dynamical simulations based on detected three-planet systems
Creators: name: Maldonado, R. F.
name: Villaver, E.
name: Mustill, A. J.
name: Chávez, M.
name: Bertone, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Between 25-50 % of white dwarfs (WD) present atmospheric pollution by metals, mainly by rocky material, which has been detected as gas/dust discs, or in the form of photometric transits in some WDs. Planets might be responsible for scattering minor bodies that can reach stargazing orbits, where the tidal forces of the WD can disrupt them and enhance the chances of debris to fall onto the WD surface. The planet-planet scattering process can be triggered by the stellar mass-loss during the post main-sequence evolution of planetary systems. In this work, we continue the exploration of the dynamical instabilities that can lead to WD pollution. In a previous work we explored two-planet systems found around main-sequence (MS) stars and here we extend the study to three-planet system architectures. We evolved 135 detected three-planet systems orbiting MS stars to the WD phase by scaling their orbital architectures in a way that their dynamical properties are preserved by using the $N$-body integrator package Mercury. We find that 100 simulations (8.6 %) are dynamically active (having planet losses, orbit crossing and scattering) on the WD phase, where low mass planets (1-100 $\mathrm{M}_\oplus$) tend to have instabilities in Gyr timescales while high mass planets ($>100~\mathrm{M}_\oplus$) decrease the dynamical events more rapidly as the WD ages. Besides, 19 simulations (1.6 %) were found to have planets crossing the Roche radius of the WD, where 9 of them had planet-star collisions. Our three-planet simulations have an slight increase percentage of simulations that may contribute to the WD pollution than the previous study involving two-planet systems and have shown that planet-planet scattering is responsible of sending planets close to the WD, where they may collide directly to the WD, become tidally disrupted or circularize their orbits, hence producing pollution on the WD atmosphere.
description: 18 pages, 18 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Dexiotricha granulosa Foissner, Berger & Kohmann 1994
Creators: name: Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto
name: Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso
name: Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Chromista
Ciliophora
Oligohymenophorea
Scuticociliatida
Loxocephalidae
Dexiotricha
Dexiotricha granulosa

description: Dexiotricha granulosa (Kent, 1881) Foissner, Berger & Kohmann, 1994
Distribution. BRAZIL: Paraná River between the Nupelia’s Field Station and the district of Porto São José, São Pedro do Paraná (Buosi et al. 2014 b, 2015), (Ad). ECUADOR: (Foissner et al. 2003).
description: Published as part of Durán-Ramírez, Carlos Alberto, Dias, Roberto Júnio Pedroso & Estrada, Rosaura Mayén-, 2020, Checklist of ciliates (Alveolata: Ciliophora) that inhabit in bromeliads from the Neotropical Region, pp. 1-36 in Zootaxa 4895 (1) on page 32, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4895.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4321437
Many-body physics of a quantum fluid of exciton-polaritons in a semiconductor microcavity
Creators: name: Carusotto, Iacopo
name: Wouters, Michiel
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Some recent results concerning nonlinear optics in semiconductor microcavities are reviewed from the point of view of the many-body physics of an interacting photon gas. Analogies with systems of cold atoms at thermal equilibrium are drawn, and the peculiar behaviours due to the non-equilibrium regime pointed out. The richness of the predicted behaviours shows the potentialities of optical systems for the study of the physics of quantum fluids.
description: Proceedings of QFS2006 conference to appear on JLTP
The vortex gas scaling regime of baroclinic turbulence
Creators: name: Gallet, Basile
name: Ferrari, Raffaele
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The mean state of the atmosphere and ocean is set through a balance between external forcing (winds, radiation, heat and freshwater fluxes) and the emergent turbulence, which transfers energy to dissipative structures. The forcing gives rise to jets in the atmosphere and currents in the ocean, which spontaneously develop turbulent eddies through the baroclinic instability. A critical step in the development of a theory of climate is to properly include the resulting eddy-induced turbulent transport of properties like heat, moisture, and carbon. The baroclinic instability generates flow structures at the Rossby deformation radius, a length scale of order 1000 km in the atmosphere and 100 km in the ocean, smaller than the planetary scale and the typical extent of ocean basins respectively. There is therefore a separation of scales between the large-scale temperature gradient and the smaller eddies that advect it randomly, inducing effective diffusion. Numerical solutions of the two-layer quasi-geostrophic model, the standard model for studies of eddy motions in the atmosphere and ocean, show that such scale separation remains in the strongly nonlinear turbulent regime, provided there is sufficient bottom drag. We compute the scaling-laws governing the eddy-driven transport associated with baroclinic turbulence. First, we provide a theoretical underpinning for empirical scaling-laws reported in previous studies, for different formulations of the bottom drag law. Second, these scaling-laws are shown to provide an important first step toward an accurate local closure to predict the impact of baroclinic turbulence in setting the large-scale temperature profiles in the atmosphere and ocean.
Quantum theory of electron tunneling into intersubband cavity polariton states
Creators: name: De Liberato, Simone
name: Ciuti, Cristiano
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Through a non-perturbative quantum theory, we investigate how the quasi-electron excitations of a two-dimensional electron gas are modified by strong coupling to the vacuum field of a microcavity. We show that the electronic dressed states originate from a Fano-like coupling between the bare electron states and the continuum of intersubband cavity polariton excitations. In particular, we calculate the electron spectral function modified by light-matter interactions and its impact on the electronic injection of intersubband cavity polaritons. The domain of validity of the present theoretical results is critically discussed. We show that resonant electron tunneling from a narrow-band injector can selectively excite superradiant states and produce efficient intersubband polariton electroluminescence.
Optimizing convolutional neural network segmentation tasks using evolutionary algorithms
Creators: name: Mahdinejad, Mahsa
Publisher: name: University of Limerick
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4609
subject: Information systems

description: Neuroevolution combines ideas from evolutionary algorithms and artificial neural networks in order to construct intelligent systems. One of its key benefits is its ability to automatically generate complex and powerful neural networks without the assistance of a pre-trained network or a significant amount of data. This thesis investigates the application of neuroevolution to image segmentation in diabetic iris images. Specifically, we examine the ability of evolutionary algorithms to improve the architecture and hyper-parameters of the U-Net convolutional neural network.
We begin the thesis using a genetic algorithm to optimize a U-Net’s architecture and compare our results with the original U-Net model. We show that the genetic algorithm can improve the performance of the original U-Net. Next, we refine our method by adding more hyperparameters and different architectures into the evolutionary optimization process. The genetic algorithm was able to find a smaller model than the original U-Net with only a small trade-off in the area under the curve (AUC) metric observed.
We next examine different fitness functions to improve computational performance to reduce overfitting. We improved our previous work and also showed that genetic algorithm could find better performance models compared to the manual design ones.
We next use the genetic algorithm to optimize the Spatial Attention U-Net, which has been shown to be less prone to overfitting as it puts more emphasis on more important features in the images. The results show smaller models with similar AUC compared to state-of-the-art models. We also improve training time by using custom epoch optimization and reducing duplicated individuals. This reduced training time by more than half, enabling us to use that saved time to find a better model than in previous works.
Finally, we change strategy and use grammatical evolution (GE) instead of the genetic algorithm as our evolutionary strategy. We achieve better AUC than the genetic algorithm and evolve a 10 times smaller model with similar accuracy.
This thesis shows that evolutionary algorithms successfully improve state-of-the-art neural network models in image segmentation.
title: Vulnerability as a technology of EU migration management in the Aegean: From humanitarian exceptions to border violence
Creators: name: Keady-Tabbal, Niamh
Publisher: name: University of Galway
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Business, Public Policy, and Law
subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law
subject: Migration management
subject: European Union
subject: Aegean

description: This thesis conceptualises vulnerability as a technology of migration management in order to reveal the relationship between international law, and the production and normalisation of border violence. It sheds light on an exclusionary logic of humanitarian exceptionalism that structures racialised migrants’ access to territory and protection in international and European law. On land and at sea, access to protection for the world’s ‘unwanted’ migrants, whose right to cross national borders is unrecognised, and who lack the necessary passport and financial means to travel freely, is, in practice, increasingly contingent on the logic of humanitarian exceptionalism. In the context of the EU border and migration management policies in Greece, this logic plays out in the way that two parallel concepts of vulnerability determine access to asylum: increasingly, we see that in order to gain admission, asylum seekers must be recognised as ‘vulnerable’ on land or ‘in distress’ at sea. Both function as criteria for protection and have been employed through migration management policies in a way that is, in practice, limiting the core right to seek and enjoy asylum at the external borders of the EU. By demonstrating the role of vulnerability as a technology of migration management, this thesis advances an understanding of the relationship between the paradigm of European migration management, the erosion of the right to seek asylum and the increasing forms of violence, both ‘slow’ and ‘spectacular,’ against irregularised migrants at external borders of the EU.
Cell-mediated tumour immunity following photodynamic therapy with benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A
Creators: name: Curry, Patrick Mark
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Using the Winn tumour inhibition assay, lymphocytes from the lymph nodes but not the spleens of DBA/2 mice that had been cured of their Ml rhabdomyosarcoma with benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A (BPD)-sensitized photodynamic therapy (PDT) were able to inhibit the growth of the Ml tumour in naive animals. Characterization of the lymph node cells through immuno-magnetic bead depletion showed that the tumour inhibitory activity was independent of B-cells and CD8+ cells. The CD4+-enriched lymph node cells were assessed for their T helper phenotype using intracellular cytokine staining and a polarization to T helper 1 or 2 was not observed during tumour growth or following PDT. However, intracellular cytokine staining did reveal that the activation state of the CD4+-enriched cells decreased during tumour growth and was partially restored following PDT. Ml tumour cells expressed high levels of stress proteins both in vitro and in vivo following treatment with BPD-sensitized PDT and the stress proteins were prepared from Ml cells for the analysis of in vitro proliferative responses of immune lymph node cells. Unseparated lymph node cells from PDT-treated animals responded in vitro to nitrocellulose preparations of 4 high molecular weight stress proteins and following optimization of the in vitro proliferation assay, a high degree of proliferation towards grp80 was detected. In contrast, CD4+- enriched cells from the lymph nodes of treated animals proliferated towards the Ml stress proteins in a manner that did not differ significantly from control lymph node cells. Following incubation of CD4+-enriched lymphocytes with nitrocellulose preparations of pure stress proteins prepared from two-dimensional gels, tumour inhibitory activity was maintained specifically in the presence of the hsp90 preparation that was at least as effective as freshly isolated CD4+ cells from PDT treated animals. For the first time, cell-mediated tumour immunity has been identified and characterized in the lymph nodes of animals treated with PDT. The antigenic target of the CD4+ cell tumour activity remains ambiguous as the response to stress proteins in vitro was not specific to PDT-treated animals; however, the presence of one of the stress proteins, hsp90, was able to maintain a high level of tumour inhibitory activity in vitro and may represent a signal of tissue damage that regulates cell-mediated tumour immunity. [Scientific formulae used in this abstract could not be reproduced.]
Weak$^*$ derived sets of convex sets in duals of non-reflexive spaces
Creators: name: Silber, Zdeněk
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46B10 (Primary) 46A55 (Secondary)

description: We investigate weak$^*$ derived sets, that is the sets of weak$^*$ limits of bounded nets, of convex subsets of duals of non-reflexive Banach spaces and their possible iterations. We prove that a dual space of any non-reflexive Banach space contains convex subsets of any finite order and a convex subset of order $ω+ 1$.
Single-Proton Removal Reaction Study of 16B
Creators: name: Lecouey, J. -L.
name: Orr, N. A.
name: Marques, F. M.
name: Achouri, N. L.
name: Angelique, J. -C.
name: Brown, B. A.
name: Catford, W. N.
name: Clarke, N. M.
name: Freer, M.
name: Fulton, B. R.
name: Grevy, S.
name: Hanappe, F.
name: Jones, K. L.
name: Labiche, M.
name: Lemmon, R. C.
name: Ninane, A.
name: Sauvan, E.
name: Spohr, K. M.
name: Stuttge, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-lying level structure of the unbound system $^{16}$B has been investigated via single-proton removal from a 35 MeV/nucleon $^{17}$C beam. The coincident detection of the beam velocity $^{15}$B fragment and neutron allowed the relative energy of the in-flight decay of $^{16}$B to be reconstructed. The resulting spectrum exhibited a narrow peak some 85 keV above threshold. It is argued that this feature corresponds to a very narrow ($Γ\ll $100 keV) resonance, or an unresolved multiplet, with a dominant $π(p_{3/2})^{-1} \otimes ν(d_{5/2}^3)_{J=3/2^+}$ + $π(p_{3/2})^{-1} \otimes ν(d_{5/2}^2,s_{1/2})_{J=3/2^+}$ configuration which decays by d-wave neutron emission.
description: 16 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, submitted to Phys. Lett. B
Face your fears: direct and indirect measurement of responses to looming threats
Creators: name: Mulier, Lana
name: Slabbinck, Hendrik
name: Vermeir, Iris
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: This study investigated the emotional and behavioural effects of looming threats using both recalled (self-reported valence) and real-time response measurements (facial expressions). The looming bias refers to the tendency to underestimate the time of arrival of rapidly approaching (looming) stimuli, providing additional time for defensive reactions. While previous research has shown negative emotional responses to looming threats based on self-reports after stimulus exposure, facial expressions offer valuable insights into emotional experiences and non-verbal behaviour during stimulus exposure. A face reading experiment examined responses to threats in motion, considering stimulus direction (looming versus receding motion) and threat strength (more versus less threatening stimuli). We also explored the added value of facial expression recognition compared to self-reported valence. Results indicated that looming threats elicit more negative facial expressions than receding threats, supporting previous findings on the looming bias. Further, more (vs. less) threatening stimuli evoked more negative facial expressions, but only when the threats were looming rather than receding. Interestingly, facial expressions of valence and self-reported valence showed opposing results, suggesting the importance of incorporating facial expression recognition to understand defensive responses to looming threats more comprehensively.
Ultrafast optical circuit switching for data centers using integrated soliton microcombs
Creators: name: Raja, Arslan Sajid
name: Lange, Sophie
name: Karpov, Maxim
name: Shi, Kai
name: Fu, Xin
name: Behrendt, Raphael
name: Cletheroe, Daniel
name: Lukashchuk, Anton
name: Haller, Istvan
name: Karinou, Fotini
name: Thomsen, Benn
name: Jozwik, Krzysztof
name: Liu, Junqiu
name: Costa, Paolo
name: Kippenberg, Tobias
name: Ballani, Hitesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Networks inside current data centers comprise a hierarchy of power-hungry electronic packet switches interconnected via optical fibers and transceivers. As the scaling of such electrically-switched networks approaches a plateau, a power-efficient solution is to implement a flat network with optical circuit switching (OCS), without electronic switches and a reduced number of transceivers due to direct links among servers. One of the promising ways of implementing OCS is by using tunable lasers and arrayed waveguide grating routers. Such an OCS-network can offer high bandwidth and low network latency, and the possibility of photonic integration results in an energy-efficient, compact, and scalable photonic data center network. To support dynamic data center workloads efficiently, it is critical to switch between wavelengths in sub nanoseconds (ns). Here we demonstrate ultrafast photonic circuit switching based on a microcomb. Using a photonic integrated Si3N4 microcomb in conjunction with semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs), sub ns (< 500 ps) switching of more than 20 carriers is achieved. Moreover, the 25-Gbps non-return to zero (NRZ) and 50-Gbps four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) burst mode transmission systems are shown. Further, on-chip Indium phosphide (InP) based SOAs and arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) are used to show sub-ns switching along with 25-Gbps NRZ burst mode transmission providing a path toward a more scalable and energy-efficient wavelength-switched network for future data centers.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Retrieval-induced forgetting of emotional memories
Creators: name: Reeck, Crystal
name: LaBar, Kevin S.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Long-term memory manages its contents to facilitate adaptive behaviour, amplifying representations of information relevant to current goals and expediting forgetting of information that competes with relevant memory traces. Both mnemonic selection and inhibition maintain congruence between the contents of long-term memory and an organism’s priorities. However, the capacity of these processes to modulate affective mnemonic representations remains ambiguous. Three empirical experiments investigated the consequences of mnemonic selection and inhibition on affectively charged and neutral mnemonic representations using an adapted retrieval practice paradigm. Participants encoded neutral cue words and affectively negative or neutral associates and then selectively retrieved a subset of these associates multiple times. The consequences of selection and inhibitory processes engaged during selective retrieval were evaluated on a final memory test in which recall for all studied associates was probed. Analyses of memory recall indicated that both affectively neutral and negative mnemonic representations experienced similar levels of enhancement and impairment following selective retrieval, demonstrating the susceptibility of affectively salient memories to these mnemonic processes. These findings indicate that although affective memories may be more strongly encoded in memory, they remain amenable to inhibition and flexibly adaptable to the evolving needs of the organism.
Net Fisher information measure versus ionization potential and dipole polarizability in atoms
Creators: name: Sen, K. D.
name: Panos, C. P.
name: Chatzisavvas, K. Ch.
name: Moustakidis, Ch. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The net Fisher information measure, defined as the product of position and momentum Fisher information measures and derived from the non-relativistic Hartree-Fock wave functions for atoms with Z=1-102, is found to correlate well with the inverse of the experimental ionization potential. Strong direct correlations of the net Fisher information are also reported for the static dipole polarizability of atoms with Z=1-88. The complexity measure, defined as the ratio of the net Onicescu information measure and net Fisher information, exhibits clearly marked regions corresponding to the periodicity of the atomic shell structure. The reported correlations highlight the need for using the net information measures in addition to either the position or momentum space analogues. With reference to the correlation of the experimental properties considered here, the net Fisher information measure is found to be superior than the net Shannon information entropy.
description: 16 pages, 6 figures
Cabibbo-Allowed and Doubly Cabibbo Suppressed D -->K pi Decays
Creators: name: Blusk, Steven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present measurements of the branching fractions of the decays, D-->K^0_{S,L}pi. The measured asymmetry shows that B(D^0--> K^0_S pi^0) is not equal to B(D^0--> K^0_L pi^0), as expected. We also find that B(D^+ --> K^0_S pi^+) is statistically compatible with B(D^+ --> K^0_L pi^+). Lastly, we present a recent measurement of the branching fraction of the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decay, D^+ --> K^+ pi^0.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures. Proceedings of the XXXIII-th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP06), Moscow, Russia (July 26-Aug 2, 2006)
Tuning the Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Strontium Titanate by Carbon Doping
Creators: name: Zeng, Hui
name: Wu, Meng
name: Wang, Hui-Qiong
name: Zheng, Jin-Cheng
name: Kang, Junyong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The magnetic and electronic properties of strontium titanate with different carbon dopant configurations are explored using first-principles calculations with a generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the GGA+U approach. Our results show that the structural stability, electronic properties and magnetic properties of C-doped SrTiO3 strongly depend on the distance between carbon dopants. In both GGA and GGA+U calculations, the doping structure is mostly stable with a nonmagnetic feature when the carbon dopants are nearest neighbors, which can be ascribed to the formation of a C-C dimer pair accompanied by stronger C-C and weaker C-Ti hybridizations as the C-C distance becomes smaller. As the C-C distance increases, C-doped SrTiO3 changes from an n-type nonmagnetic metal to ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic half-metal and to an antiferromagnetic/ferromagnetic semiconductor in GGA calculations, while it changes from a nonmagnetic semiconductor to ferromagnetic half-metal and to an antiferromagnetic semiconductor using the GGA+U method. Our work demonstrates the possibility of tailoring the magnetic and electronic properties of C-doped SrTiO3, which might provide some guidance to extend the applications of strontium titanate as a magnetic or optoelectronic material.