cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Testing Lorentz Invariance with Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray Spectrum
Creators: name: Bi, Xiao-Jun
name: Cao, Zhen
name: Li, Ye
name: Yuan, Qiang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The GZK cutoff predicted at the Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray (UHECR) spectrum as been observed by the HiRes and Auger experiments. The results put severe constraints on the effect of Lorentz Invariance Violation(LIV) which has been introduced to explain the absence of GZK cutoff indicated in the AGASA data. Assuming homogeneous source distribution with a single power law spectrum, we calculate the spectrum of UHECRs observed on Earth by taking the processes of photopion production, $e^+e^-$ pair production and adiabatic energy loss into account. The effect of LIV is also taken into account in the calculation. By fitting the HiRes monocular spectra and the Auger combined spectra, we show that the LIV parameter is constrained to $ξ=-0.8^{+3.2}_{-0.5}\times10^{-23}$ and $0.0^{+1.0}_{-0.4}\times10^{-23}$ respectively, which is well consistent with strict Lorentz Invariance up to the highest energy.
description: Accepted for publication in Physical Review D 12 pages, 4 figures
Volition in Violation of Copyright
Creators: name: Nimmer, David
Publisher: name: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts
Year: 2019

description: Many recent copyright infringement cases have focused on the question of volition. As contentious as the matter has become in current copyright doctrine, the issue is relatively new. From the passage of the first Copyright Act in 1790 forward, U.S. copyright cases devoted no discussion to the issue. Two centuries later, however, the advent of the Internet raised this issue, among so many others. Nothing is totally new under the sun. As far back as enactment of the 1976 Act, concern was expressed lest telephone companies be ensnared in liability, to the extent that their facilities were used in the retransmission of cable signals. Congress adopted the “passive carrier” exemption, releasing from liability those “whose activities with respect to the secondary transmission consist solely of providing wires, cables, or other communications channels for the use of others.” That provision was necessary as telephone companies risked liability in its absence. Nobody at the time raised lack of “volition” as even a theoretical defense to that imputation. Decades later, with the advent of the Internet and online services, those same considerations multiplied along with the explosion of new ways to use “wires, cables, or other communications channels.” This Article began as the 32d Annual Horace S. Manges Lecture, delivered at Columbia Law School on April 1, 2019.
description: The Columbia Journal of Law & the Arts, Vol. 43 No. 1 (2019)
Visibility and impact of Angola in commercial circuits of scientific communication
Creators: name: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
name: Ministério Do Ensino Superior, Ciência
name: Redalyc-Universidad Autónoma Del Estado De México
name: AmeliCA
name: Universidade Óscar Ribas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Open Access
Angola
Africa
mainstream
Scopus
Web of Science

description: Work derived from the collaborative project among Redalyc UAEM, AmeliCA, MESCTI and U. Óscar Ribas funded by UNESCO for the development of an Open Access strategy in Angola. Vol. 4 of 38
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac vaccinations against mortality and severe complications after SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 infection: a case-control study
Creators: name: BPharm, Vincent Ka Chun Yan
name: Wan, Eric Yuk Fai
name: MSc, Xuxiao Ye
name: MClinPharm, Anna Hoi Ying Mok
name: Lai, Francisco Tsz Tsun
name: Chui, Celine Sze Ling
name: Li, Xue
name: Wong, Carlos King Ho
name: MBBS, Philip Hei Li
name: Ma, Tiantian
name: Qin, Simon
name: MPhil, Vincent Kai Chung Wong
name: MBBS, Tat Chi Tsang
name: MBBS, Sik Hon Tsui
name: MSc, William Chun Ming Chui
name: Cowling, Benjamin John
name: Leung, Gabriel Matthew
name: Lau, Chak Sing
name: Wong, Ian Chi Kei
name: Chan, Esther Wai Yin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Data regarding protection against mortality and severe complications after Omicron BA.2 infection with CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines remains limited. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the risk of severe complications and mortality following 1-3 doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 using electronic health records database. Cases were adults with their first COVID-19-related mortality or severe complications between 1 January and 31 March 2022, matched with up-to 10 controls by age, sex, index date and Charlson Comorbidity Index. Vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related mortality and severe complications by type and number of doses was estimated using conditional logistic regression adjusted for comorbidities and medications. Vaccine effectiveness (95% CI) against COVID-19-related mortality after two doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were 90.7% (88.6-92.3) and 74.8% (72.5-76.9) in those aged ≥65, 87.6% (81.4-91.8) and 80.7% (72.8-86.3) in those aged 50-64, 86.6% (71.0-93.8) and 82.7% (56.5-93.1) in those aged 18-50. Vaccine effectiveness against severe complications after two doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were 82.1% (74.6-87.3) and 58.9% (50.3-66.1) in those aged ≥65, 83.0% (69.6-90.5) and 67.1% (47.1-79.6) in those aged 50-64, 78.3% (60.8-88.0) and 77.8% (49.6-90.2) in those aged 18-50. Further risk reduction with the third dose was observed especially in those aged ≥65 years, with vaccine effectiveness of 98.0% (96.5-98.9) for BNT162b2 and 95.5% (93.7-96.8) for CoronaVac against mortality, 90.8% (83.4-94.9) and 88.0% (80.8-92.5) against severe complications. The findings show that both CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccination were effective against COVID-19-related mortality and severe complications amidst the Omicron BA.2 pandemic, and risks decreased further with the third dose.
Towards a Theory of State Visibility: Race, Poverty, and Equal Protection
Creators: name: Bridges, Kiara M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2020

description: In the state of New York, uninsured pregnant women with incomes falling below 200% of the federal poverty line are eligible to enroll in the Prenatal Care Assistance Program (“PCAP”), a Medicaid program that pays the prenatal healthcare expenses of women who meet the program’s qualifications. The aims of PCAP/Medicaid are laudable; it was passed in the late 1980’s with the goal of lowering the state’s high rate of infant mortality as well as the number of infants born with low birthweight. In order to justify the spending of state and federal monies on the program, legislators looked to studies that “documented the correlation between infant mortality and neurological abnormalities on the one hand, and low birthweight and premature birth on the other-conditions ameliorated by proper care throughout pregnancy, which can be costly.” Although the infant mortality rate in New York has decreased more than thirty percent over the last decade, New York State appears to remain committed to “improving the health of under- served women, infants and children through improved access to and enhanced utilization of perinatal and prenatal care and related services.” Consequently, it continues to provide generous funding to PCAP.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 19 No. 4 (2010)
Radiative corrections to real and virtual muon Compton scattering revisited
Creators: name: Kaiser, N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We calculate in closed analytical form the one-photon loop radiative corrections to muon Compton scattering $μ^- γ\to μ^- γ$. Ultraviolet and infrared divergencies are both treated in dimensional regularization. Infrared finiteness of the (virtual) radiative corrections is achieved (in the standard way) by including soft photon radiation below an energy cut-off $λ$. We find that the anomalous magnetic moment $α/2π$ provides only a very small portion of the full radiative corrections. Furthermore, we extend our calculation of radiative corrections to the muon-nucleus bremsstrahlung process (or virtual muon Compton scattering $μ^-γ_0^* \to μ^- γ$). These results are particularly relevant for analyzing the COMPASS experiment at CERN in which muon-nucleus bremsstrahlung serves to calibrate the Primakoff scattering of high-energy pions off a heavy nucleus with the aim of measuring the pion electric and magnetic polarizabilities. We find agreement with an earlier calculation of these radiative corrections based on a different method.
description: 20 pages, 10 figure, to be published in Nuclear Physics A
How do drying methods affect quality of films? Drying of polymer solutions under hot-air flow or infrared heating with comparable evaporation rates
Creators: name: Kinnan, Taiki
name: Kondo, Yoshio
name: Aoki, Michiro
name: Inasawa, Susumu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology

description: Wrinkles formed during the drying of polymer films by hot-air flow but not when drying by infrared irradiation, even though drying rates were comparable. The top surface was hotter than the bottom during hot-air drying. Conversely, the temperatures of the top and bottom surfaces were very similar when drying by infrared irradiation. We also examined uniform heating with faster and slower drying rates using drying with combined infrared irradiation and air flow (hot or room temperature). Wrinkles formed in both cases. This demonstrated the negative effect of air flow. Features and mechanism of each drying method are discussed.
Non-Markovian Entanglement Dynamics of Two Qubits Interacting with a Common Electromagnetic Field
Creators: name: Anastopoulos, C.
name: Shresta, S.
name: Hu, B. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the non-equilibrium dynamics of a pair of qubits made of two-level atoms separated in space with distance $r$ and interacting with one common electromagnetic field but not directly with each other. Our calculation makes a weak coupling assumption but no Born or Markov approximation. We write the evolution equations of the reduced density matrix of the two-qubit system after integrating out the electromagnetic field modes. We study two classes of states in detail: Class A is a one parameter family of states which are the superposition of the highest energy and lowest energy states, and Class B states which are the linear combinations of the symmetric and the antisymmetric Bell states. Our results for an initial Bell state are similar to those obtained before for the same model derived under the Born-Markov approximation. However, in the Class A states the behavior is qualitatively different: under the non-Markovian evolution we do not see sudden death of quantum entanglement and subsequent revivals, except when the qubits are sufficiently far apart. We provide explanations for such differences of behavior both between these two classes of states and between the predictions from the Markov and non-Markovian dynamics. We also study the decoherence of this two-qubit system.
description: This is an updated summary (16 pages) of article arXiv:quant-ph/0610007
Does Climate Change Increase the Risk of Child Marriage? A Look at What We Know--And What We Don't--With Lessons from Bangladesh & Mozambique
Creators: name: McLeod, Christie
name: Barr, Heather
name: Rall, Katherina
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2020

description: . . .
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 38 No. 1 (2019): Symposium: Climate Change and Gender Justice
Engaging in socially responsible science education (SRSE) : professional development of secondary science teachers through a learning study approach
Creators: name: Fuchs, Travis Thomas Henry
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: In the revised provincial curriculum, secondary school science teachers in British Columbia, Canada, are expected to prepare students to critically understand and address socioscientific issues (SSI). SSI are issues pertaining to science and society that highlight risks and uncertainties in their development. Despite this new curricular initiative, professional development necessary to support these goals and teacher accounts detailing its actualization in classrooms remains limited. This study aims to support science educators (and, in turn, their students) in creating more just and sustainable futures through what I call socially responsible science education or SRSE. A 30-week professional development approach – a Learning study – was implemented to support and study four secondary teachers’ learning experiences toward SRSE. A Learning study is a collaborative action research variant that distinguishes itself through an explicit focus on theoretical perspectives. These perspectives help structure teachers’ classroom research, acting as a lens through which they collaboratively plan, enact, and evaluate classroom practices. In this work, Sjöstrom et al.’s (2017) Three Visions of Scientific Literacy Heuristic (3-VSL) was drawn on to frame participants' engagement in the Learning study. Data sources included transcripts of teachers' semi-structured interviews conducted before and after the study (n=8), audio-video recordings of Learning study meetings (n=26), lesson observations (n=22), and artifacts of teachers’ work (e.g., lesson plans). Sixty hours of audio-video recordings were transcribed and analyzed. By borrowing phenomenographic perspectives, I constructed three qualitatively different ways participants understood, enacted, and developed strategies to pursue SRSE. The description of the categories included several ways the teachers overcame challenges faced in SRSE. This study provides practical examples of SRSE approaches and illustrates how they might be effectively employed to support teachers’ evolving ideas, their classroom practice, and enrich students’ learning. The results showcase teacher and professional development attributes essential for SRSE adoption, offering considerations for teacher professional learning and development. This work makes novel contributions to teacher and science education scholarship. The 3-VSL is unique in Learning study literature – its employment supported the teachers in building and shifting their science education beliefs and practices towards action-oriented and emancipatory outcomes.
How do drying methods affect quality of films? Drying of polymer solutions under hot-air flow or infrared heating with comparable evaporation rates
Creators: name: Kinnan, Taiki
name: Kondo, Yoshio
name: Aoki, Michiro
name: Inasawa, Susumu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: 29999 Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Marine Biology

description: Wrinkles formed during the drying of polymer films by hot-air flow but not when drying by infrared irradiation, even though drying rates were comparable. The top surface was hotter than the bottom during hot-air drying. Conversely, the temperatures of the top and bottom surfaces were very similar when drying by infrared irradiation. We also examined uniform heating with faster and slower drying rates using drying with combined infrared irradiation and air flow (hot or room temperature). Wrinkles formed in both cases. This demonstrated the negative effect of air flow. Features and mechanism of each drying method are discussed.
Dynamos of giant planets
Creators: name: Busse, F. H.
name: Simitev, R. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Space Physics (physics.space-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Possibilities and difficulties of applying the theory of magnetic field generation by convection flows in rotating spherical fluid shells to the Giant Planets are outlined. Recent progress in the understanding of the distribution of electrical conductivity in the Giant Planets suggests that the dynamo process occurs predominantly in regions of semiconductivity. In contrast to the geodynamo the magnetic field generation in the Giant Planets is thus characterized by strong radial conductivity variations. The importance of the constraint on the Ohmic dissipation provided by the planetary luminosity is emphasized. Planetary dynamos are likely to be of an oscillatory type, although these oscillations may not be evident from the exterior of the planets.
Atomization gas type, device configuration and storage conditions strongly influence survival of Lactobacillus casei after spray drying
Creators: name: Jokicevic, Katarina
name: Lebeer, Sarah
name: Kiekens, Filip
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Many pathologies are characterized by an imbalance between the beneficial bacteria and potentially pathogenic microbes, i.e., dysregulated host/microbial interactions. Probiotic bacteria are increasingly explored for regulation of immune responses and restoring this imbalance. The application of probiotics most commonly involves drying in formulation development, that can potentially reduce their viability and functionality, hence different protective strategies are needed. Here, spray drying was used for probiotic preservation and effects of device configuration, oxygen injury and encapsulation with increasing skim milk concentrations, were studied on the survival of L. casei AMBR2. Quantitative analysis showed no significant differences on bacterial viability for spray drying in an open versus closed system whilst spray drying in a co-current gas flow. Addition of the anti-oxidant, ascorbic acid, to the drying medium adversely impacted viability. Also, no benefits of nitrogen spray drying were observed, implying that oxygen-induced damage is not significant in this setup, at least for the specific tested strain. Additionally, this work shows how storage conditions and total feed solid content significantly alter spray drying viability outcomes. Spray drying was able to retain the high viability of cells of 109 CFU/g and higher after 52 weeks at refrigerated storage, whereas 106 CFU/g were maintained at room temperature. This study favors air over nitrogen-based spray drying and confirms the method suitability for high viability retention over a year of shelf-life.
Cruel Optimism: Zika, Lex Sportiva, and Bodies of (Alleged) Contagion
Creators: name: De Lisio, Amanda
name: Fusco, Caroline
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2020

description: Previous literature has noted the connection between sport and corporate environmentalism, especially that which has positioned the sport mega-event as a facilitator of “sustainable” development. David Chernushenko (1994) was the first environmentalist to propose a model of ecologically sustainable development for sport and recreation management, which was criticized for the notable appeal to neoliberalcapitalist advancement. Due to eco-driven protests in Denver (1974), Toronto (1989), and Rome (1997), the International Olympic Committee (IOC) amended the Olympic Charter to reflect growing environmental concern. Yet the IOC model has—much like the work of Chernushenko—continued to favor finance. Recent literature has documented the extent to which the Olympic pillar of “sustainability,” intended to “integrate sustainable development into their policies and activities,” has allowed for deceptive corporate marketing to merely greenwash the Games. It is from this context that the Aedes aegypti or Yellow Fever mosquito rapidly emerged—now host to Dengue, Chikungunya, Zika, Mayaro, and other viruses. We borrow from Lauren Berlant the notion of “cruel optimism” to describe structural/institutional ideologies (e.g., allegiance to the monogamous, heteronormative family) that facilitate capitalist expansion, even in the midst of (environmental) crisis.3 While the literal destruction of the cityscape (whether sport-prompted or not) has cemented an economic logic into the physical landscape and modern mind, we contend that scientific-technological communities need to (more carefully) protect and privilege the pre-existent “nature-made” strategies of sustainability. So, to make an authentic commitment to the environment, the IOC—as emblematic of an international conglomerate repeatedly encouraged to rewrite and recreate sovereign law—would need to legally enforce the protection of local ecologies as it has legally enforced the protection of corporate sponsorship and the Olympic brand.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 38 No. 1 (2019): Symposium: Climate Change and Gender Justice
Terahertz and Infrared Photodetection using p-i-n Multiple-Graphene-Layer Structures
Creators: name: Ryzhii, V.
name: Ryzhii, M.
name: Mitin, V.
name: Otsuji, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose to utilize multiple-graphene-layer structures with lateral p-i-n junctions for terahertz (THz) and infrared (IR) photodetection and substantiate the operation of photodetectors based on these structures. Using the developed device model, we calculate the detector dc responsivity and detectivity as functions of the number of graphene layers and geometrical parameters and show that the dc responsivity and detectivity can be fairly large, particularly, at the lower end of the THz range at room temperatures. Due to relatively high quantum efficiency and low thermogeneration rate, the photodetectors under consideration can substantially surpass other THz and IR detectors. Calculations of the detector responsivity as a function of modulation frequency of THz and IR radiation demonstrate that the proposed photodetectors are very fast and can operate at the modulation frequency of several tens of GHz.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Geometric interpretation of pre-vitrification in hard sphere liquids
Creators: name: Brito, Carolina
name: Wyart, Matthieu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive a microscopic criterion for the stability of hard sphere configurations, and we show empirically that this criterion is marginally satisfied in the glass. This observation supports a geometric interpretation for the initial rapid rise of viscosity with packing fraction, or pre-vitrification. It also implies that barely stable soft modes characterize the glass structure, whose spatial extension is estimated. We show that both the short-term dynamics and activation processes occur mostly along those soft modes, and we study some implications of these observations. This article synthesizes new and previous results [C. Brito and M. Wyart, Euro. Phys. Letters, {\bf 76}, 149-155, (2006) and C. Brito and M. Wyart, J. Stat. Mech., L08003 (2007) ] in a unified view.
description: accepted for publication in the Journal of Chemical Physics (added discussion on RCP and ideal glass transition)
Understanding Illicit Insemination and Fertility Fraud, From Patient Experience to Legal Reform
Creators: name: Madeira, Jody Lyneé
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2020

description: Recently, several cases have been filed in North America and Europe alleging that fertility physicians inseminated former patients with their own sperm only to have this conduct come to light decades later when their unsuspecting adult children use direct-to-consumer genetic tests and learn that they are not biologically related to their fathers and often that they have multiple half-siblings. For instance, Donald Cline of Indianapolis, Indiana, has over sixty doctor-conceived children, with more continuing to come forward. Although these cases induce disgust, it has thus far proven difficult to hold these physicians legally accountable because their conduct falls within gaps in existing civil and criminal laws. This Article explores the legal contours of fertility fraud cases involving illicit physician inseminations, explaining why it falls through gaps in existing criminal and civil law and why it is essential to take whatever measures are necessary to hold physicians accountable. Part I discusses six physicians who have thus far faced criminal or civil charges for their conduct in North America and explores how artificial insemination has long been a stigmatized practice cloaked in secrecy. Part II discusses how fertility fraud violates various ethical and legal interests of female and male former patients and their doctor-conceived children. Part III assesses how Cline’s illicit inseminations affected parents and progeny and how Cline’s progeny learn of new genetic connections, what they think of Cline and his motivations, how they derive support from one another, their reactions to criminal proceedings against Cline, and why they regard a legislative “fertility fraud” bill as an ideal outcome. Part IV analyzes why it is difficult to hold physicians criminally and civilly liable under existing law, including excerpts from an interview with the prosecutor in the Cline case. Finally, Part V discusses successful efforts to overcome these difficulties through passing fertility fraud legislation in Indiana and Texas.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 39 No. 1 (2020): General Issue
The Globular Cluster System of the Virgo Giant Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4636: I. Subaru/FOCAS Spectroscopy and Database
Creators: name: Park, Hong Soo
name: Lee, Myung Gyoon
name: Hwang, Ho Seong
name: Arimoto, Nobuo
name: Tamura, Naoyuki
name: Onodera, Masato
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a spectroscopic study of the globular clusters (GCs) in the giant elliptical galaxy NGC 4636 in the Virgo cluster. We selected target GC candidates using the Washington photometry derived from the deep CCD images taken at the KPNO 4m. Then we obtained the spectra of 164 target objects in the field of NGC 4636 using the Multi-Object Spectroscopy (MOS) mode of Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph (FOCAS) on the SUBARU 8.2m Telescope. We have measured the velocities for 122 objects: 105 GCs in NGC 4636, the nucleus of NGC 4636, 11 foreground stars, 2 background galaxies, and 3 probable intracluster GCs in the Virgo cluster. The GCs in NGC 4636 are located in the projected galactocentric radius within 10arcmin (corresponding to 43 kpc). The measured velocities for the GCs range from 300km/s to 1600km/s, with a mean value of 932_{-22}^{+25} km/s, which is in good agreement with the velocity for the nucleus of NGC 4636, 928\pm 45 km/s. The velocity dispersion of the GCs in NGC 4636 is derived to be 231_{-17}^{+15} km/s and the velocity dispersion of the blue GCs is slightly larger than that of the red GCs. Combining our results with data in the literature, we produce a master catalog of radial velocities for 238 GCs in NGC 4636. The velocity dispersion of the GCs in the master catalog is found to be 225_{-9}^{+12} km/s for the entire sample, 251_{-12}^{+18} km/s for 108 blue GCs, and 205_{-13}^{+11} km/s for 130 red GCs.
description: 27 pages, 9 figues, Accepted by ApJ
My Brother's Keeper, My Sister's Neglector: A Critique and Explanation of Single-Sex Initiatives for Black Boys
Creators: name: Lane-Steele, Laura
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2020

description: The urgent problems facing Black boys and young men have triggered the proliferation of single-sex initiatives aimed at tackling these obstacles, namely public single-sex schools and programs inspired by President Obama’s My Brother’s Keeper initiative. Black girls have largely been left out of these initiatives despite facing many of the same barriers as Black boys and disadvantages of their own. This Article identifies, critiques, and explains this disproportionate intervention for Black boys. It argues that these single-sex initiatives are a poor policy tool for fighting racial oppression because (1) there is no evidence that these boys-only initiatives work to achieve their stated goals; (2) statistical gender gaps between Black boys and girls are not large enough to warrant disproportionate intervention; and (3) these initiatives have great potential to reify destructive aspects of dominant Black masculinity. It then employs critical race theory to explain how this current disproportionate intervention is part of a historically-based discourse that prioritizes Black men’s needs over those of Black women, casts Black men as “privileged victims” of racism, and seeks to restore patriarchy in the Black community. Finally, it predicts that these initiatives will continue to proliferate for two reasons. First, the current legal frameworks, specifically Title IX and the Equal Protection Clause, do not necessarily prevent the increasing disproportionality of these initiatives and the resulting unfairness to Black girls. Second, there is insufficient political will to halt the expansion of these initiatives—they face little to no political opposition, even from politicians on the Left who claim to champion gender equity.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 39 No. 1 (2020): General Issue
Variational determination of the second-order density matrix for the isoelectronic series of beryllium, neon and silicon
Creators: name: Verstichel, Brecht
name: van Aggelen, Helen
name: Van Neck, Dimitri
name: Ayers, Paul W.
name: Bultinck, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The isoelectronic series of Be, Ne and Si are investigated using a variational determination of the second-order density matrix. A semidefinite program was developed that exploits all rotational and spin symmetries in the atomic system. We find that the method is capable of describing the strong static electron correlations due to the incipient degeneracy in the hydrogenic spectrum for increasing central charge. Apart from the ground-state energy various other properties are extracted from the variationally determined second-order density matrix. The ionization energy is constructed using the extended Koopmans' theorem. The natural occupations are also studied, as well as the correlated Hartree-Fock-like single particle energies. The exploitation of symmetry allows to study the basis set dependence and results are presented for correlation-consistent polarized valence double, triple and quadruple zeta basis sets.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables v2: corrected typo in Eq. (52)
Additional file 1 of Multi-omics data reveals the important role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in the crosstalk between gut and brain in depression
Creators: name: Xie, Jing
name: Zhong, Qi
name: Wu, Wen-tao
name: Chen, Jian-jun
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. CUMS stressors in every week of CUMS procedure. Table S2. Results of behavioral tests in the two groups. Table S3. Differential OTUs between the two groups. Table S4. Differential fecal metabolites between the two groups. Table S5. Differential liver metabolites between the two groups. Table S6. Differential neurotransmitters between the two groups.
Rhinophis trevelyanus Kel.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Uropeltidae
Rhinophis
Rhinophis trevelyanus

description: * Rhinophis trevelyanus Kel.
(Rh. homolepis Pet., Mitylia Gerrardi Gray).
Ceylon v. F M. [1] Peradenia v. d. Hh Dr. Sarasin. [2]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 675, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Generative visual AI in newsrooms: Considerations related to production, presentation, and audience interpretation and impact
Creators: name: Thomson, T.J.
name: Thomas, Ryan
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 460299
subject: Artificial intelligence not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 470105
subject: Journalism studies
classificationCode: 330316
subject: Visual communication design (incl. graphic design)

description: Abstract: AI services that provide responses to prompts, such as ChatGPT, have ignited passionate discussions over the future of learning, work, and creativity. AI-enabled text-to-image generators, such as Midjourney, pose profound questions about the purpose, meaning, and value of images yet have received considerably less research attention, despite the implications they raise for both the production and consumption of images. This essay explores key considerations that journalists and news organizations should be aware of when conceiving, sourcing, presenting, or seeking to fact-check AI-generated images. Specifically, it addresses transparency around how algorithms work, discusses provenance and algorithmic bias, touches on labor ethics and the displacement of traditional lens-based workers, explores copyright implications, identifies the potential impacts on the accuracy and representativeness of the images audiences see in their news, and muses about the lack of regulation and policy development governing the use of AI-generated images in news. We explore these themes through the insights provided by eight photo editors or equivalent roles at leading news organizations in Australia and the United States. Overall, this study articulates some of the key issues facing journalists and their organizations in an age of AI and synthetic visual media.
MoRE-LLM: Mixture of Rule Experts Guided by a Large Language Model
Creators: name: Koebler, Alexander
name: Thon, Ingo
name: Buettner, Florian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: To ensure the trustworthiness and interpretability of AI systems, it is essential to align machine learning models with human domain knowledge. This can be a challenging and time-consuming endeavor that requires close communication between data scientists and domain experts. Recent leaps in the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) can help alleviate this burden. In this paper, we propose a Mixture of Rule Experts guided by a Large Language Model (MoRE-LLM) which combines a data-driven black-box model with knowledge extracted from an LLM to enable domain knowledge-aligned and transparent predictions. While the introduced Mixture of Rule Experts (MoRE) steers the discovery of local rule-based surrogates during training and their utilization for the classification task, the LLM is responsible for enhancing the domain knowledge alignment of the rules by correcting and contextualizing them. Importantly, our method does not rely on access to the LLM during test time and ensures interpretability while not being prone to LLM-based confabulations. We evaluate our method on several tabular data sets and compare its performance with interpretable and non-interpretable baselines. Besides performance, we evaluate our grey-box method with respect to the utilization of interpretable rules. In addition to our quantitative evaluation, we shed light on how the LLM can provide additional context to strengthen the comprehensibility and trustworthiness of the model's reasoning process.
description: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM)
The Right Family
Creators: name: Ben-Asher, Noa
name: Pollans, Margot J.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2020

description: The family plays a starring role in American law. Families, the law tells us, are special. They merit many state and federal benefits, including tax deductions, testimonial privileges, untaxed inheritance, and parental presumptions. Over the course of the twentieth century, the Supreme Court expanded individual rights stemming from familial relationships. In this Article, we argue that the concept of family in American law matters just as much when it is ignored as when it is featured. We contrast policies in which the family is the key unit of analysis with others in which it is not. Looking at four seemingly disparate areas of recent policymaking—the travel ban, family separation at the southern border, agricultural subsidies, and the religious rights of closely held corporations—we explore the interplay between the family, the individual, and the corporation in modern law. We observe that both liberals and conservatives make use of the family to humanize or empower certain people, and both reject the family when seeking to dehumanize or disempower. Where liberals and conservatives differ is which families they choose to champion. Ultimately, we conclude that the use of family as a mechanism through which to confer rights and benefits is a cover to hide policies that entrench and exacerbate existing racial and religious hierarchies. Further, in the context of family businesses, it risks becoming a steppingstone for radical expansion of rights to businesses themselves. To tell this story, we analyze the use and rhetoric of family in politics, media, and recent Supreme Court decisions such as Trump v. Hawaii (2018), Burwell v. Hobby Lobby (2014), Kerry v. Din (2015), and Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission (2018).
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 39 No. 1 (2020): General Issue
Biopolitical and Necropolitical Constructions of the Incarcerated Trans Body
Creators: name: Zhang, Christoph M.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: This Article posits that the issue of gender-affirming genital surgery conjures competing constructions of the incarcerated trans body that reflect different conceptions of its relationship to state power. It offers a reading of this conflict as a clash between a biopolitical and a necropolitical conception of the incarcerated trans body. Biopolitics is a theory of state power that views the state as the arbiter and administrator of life and all life processes. Necropolitics, on the other hand, posits that sovereignty is defined by its power to mark out certain populations for social and literal death.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 37 No. 2 (2019)
A New Rationale for the Doctrine of Provocation: Applications to Cases of Killing an Unfaithful Spouse
Creators: name: Rosenberg, Roni
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: In many states in the United States, a man who killed his wife upon discovering that she had been unfaithful to him can rely upon the provocation defense so long as he can demonstrate that sudden discovery of the infidelity affected his subjective judgement. This essay proposes a different rationale for the doctrine of provocation, which negates the reliance on the provocation defense in the case of an unfaithful spouse. The proposed rationale is neither excuse, which focuses on reduced guilt due to the defendant’s loss of self-control, nor justification, in that the victim was partly responsible for his or her own death. Rather, the rationale rests upon an understanding of why murder is prohibited and an examination of the protected values at the core of the offense of murder.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 37 No. 2 (2019)
MUSEN RSE-Workshop 2020 - Design for Change - Software Engineering to the Rescue
Creators: name: Linxweiler, Jan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2020
Subjects: RSE, Research Software Engineering, Design Patterns, SOLID Principles, Design Principles, OOP

description: A major reason for the instability of software is that it is subject to continuous change. This is especially true for software in the scientific context, since the scientific discourse is open-ended. Change has caused difficulties for scientific software developers from the very beginning and it continuous to do so. In parallel, the software engineering community has discovered numerous methods and techniques that we as research software developers can take advantage of to significantly support our work. This workshop tries to bridge the gap between both worlds and shows practices, methods and principles to develop maintainable software and to make the software development process sustainable. If you have not heard of the SOLID principles and TDD, this workshop is for you.
Religious Liberty, Immigration Sanctuary, and Unintended Consequences for Reproductive and LGBTQ Rights
Creators: name: Keeley, Laura
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law
Year: 2019

description: This Note considers the idea that potential religious liberty claims could be made by faith-based communities to provide sanctuary for undocumented immigrants and pays particular attention to potential unintended consequences those claims could have in the areas of reproductive and LGBTQ rights. Arguments to justify religious liberty in the name of sanctuary could be used in the future by different parties in attempts to limit reproductive rights and discriminate against LGBTQ persons. The announcement by President Trump of the creation of a new oversight entity in the Department of Health and Human Services, the Conscience and Religious Freedom Division, is an example of this religious-liberty-as-discrimination phenomenon. This Note proposes that any religious liberty claims made in the name of sanctuary should 1) be evaluated in the domain of antidiscrimination law and not analogized to much broader “conscience clauses”; 2) advocate for a narrower construction of religious liberty jurisprudence and religious liberty-protecting statutes, such as the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA); and 3) push courts to evaluate the sincerity of sincerely held religious beliefs.
description: Columbia Journal of Gender and Law, Vol. 37 No. 2 (2019)
Dynamical spacetimes and gravitational radiation in a Fully Constrained Formulation
Creators: name: Cordero-Carrión, Isabel
name: Cerdá-Durán, Pablo
name: Ibáñez, José María
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This contribution summarizes the recent work carried out to analyze the behavior of the hyperbolic sector of the Fully Constrained Formulation (FCF) derived in Bonazzola et al. 2004. The numerical experiments presented here allows one to be confident in the performances of the upgraded version of CoCoNuT's code by replacing the Conformally Flat Condition (CFC) approximation of the Einstein equations by the FCF.
description: 4 pages, 7 figures. Accepted for publication in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Proceedings of the 8th Edoardo Amaldi Conference on Gravitational Waves
Prosocial behaviour as an antidote to social disconnection : exploring the links between prosocial behaviour, loneliness, and social contact in daily life
Creators: name: Lee (Archer Lee), Yeeun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Engaging in prosocial behaviour—voluntary acts to benefit others—may be effective for restoring individuals’ social connections with others. In three studies, I investigated the links between daily loneliness, social contact, and prosocial behaviour. Study 1 examined daily associations between loneliness and prosocial engagement using daily life assessments of 100 middle-aged and older adults in the community. Adults high in chronic loneliness, but not those low in chronic loneliness, exhibited decreased prosocial behaviours on days during which they reported elevated transient loneliness. The findings suggest that chronic loneliness may elicit maladaptive responses to transient loneliness by reducing prosocial engagement. Building on these findings, Studies 2 and 3 investigated whether an intervention designed to increase daily prosocial behaviour would reduce the subjective experience of loneliness and increase the objective number of social contacts among university students (Study 2) and lonely adults in the community (Study 3). In Study 2 (N = 407), the kindness intervention—compared to an active control intervention—increased daily social contact, especially with close others, and reduced daily loneliness for participants who reported high baseline loneliness. In Study 3 (N = 208), participants who completed a modified version of the same kindness intervention showed sustained daily social contact after the intervention, whereas participants who completed an active control intervention showed decreased daily social contact after the intervention. The kindness intervention also reduced daily feelings of loneliness, though not significantly more than the active control intervention. This dissertation contributes to the growing literature on the benefits of prosocial behavior by providing preliminary evidence that it may help to address social disconnection. However, further work will be needed to refine the intervention and confirm the effects documented in these initial studies.