cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Laplace–Beltrami eigenvalues and topological features of eigenfunctions for statistical shape analysis
Creators: name: Reuter, Martin
name: Wolter, Franz-Erich
name: Shenton, Martha
name: Niethammer, Marc
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2009

description: This paper proposes the use of the surface based Laplace-Beltrami and the volumetric Laplace eigenvalues and -functions as shape descriptors for the comparison and analysis of shapes. These spectral measures are isometry invariant and therefore allow for shape comparisons with minimal shape pre-processing. In particular, no registration, mapping, or remeshing is necessary. The discriminatory power of the 2D surface and 3D solid methods is demonstrated on a population of female caudate nuclei (a subcortical gray matter structure of the brain, involved in memory function, emotion processing, and learning) of normal control subjects and of subjects with schizotypal personality disorder. The behavior and properties of the Laplace-Beltrami eigenvalues and -functions are discussed extensively for both the Dirichlet and Neumann boundary condition showing advantages of the Neumann vs. the Dirichlet spectra in 3D. Furthermore, topological analyses employing the Morse-Smale complex (on the surfaces) and the Reeb graph (in the solids) are performed on selected eigenfunctions, yielding shape descriptors, that are capable of localizing geometric properties and detecting shape differences by indirectly registering topological features such as critical points, level sets and integral lines of the gradient field across subjects. The use of these topological features of the Laplace-Beltrami eigenfunctions in 2D and 3D for statistical shape analysis is novel.
Directed tunneling of a prescribed number of dipolar bosons in shaken triple-well potentials
Creators: name: Luo, Xiaobing
name: Wang, Yueming
name: Yu, Xiaoguang
name: Guo, Yu
name: Chong, Guishu
name: Wu, Donglan
name: Hu, Qianglin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a scheme for precise control of tunneling dynamics of dipolar bosons in shaken triple-well potentials. In the high-frequency regimes and under the resonance conditions, we have analytically and numerically demonstrated that we can transport a priori prescribed number of dipolar bosons along different pathways and different directions by adjusting the driving parameters. These results extend the previous many-body selective coherent destruction of tunneling (CDT) schemes for nondipolar bosons in double-well potentials[Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 133002 (2009); Phys. Rev. A 86, 044102 (2012)], thus offering an efficient way to design the long-range coherent quantum transportation.
description: 14 pages, 7 figures
Clinical application of SPHARM-PDM to quantify temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis
Creators: name: Guo, Ruixin
name: Zhu, Hongtu
name: Paniagua, Beatriz
name: Styner, Martin
name: Cevidanes, Lucia
name: Walker, David
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: The severe bone destruction and resorption that can occur in Osteoarthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) is associated with significant pain and limited joint mobility. However, there is no validated method for the quantification of discrete changes in joint morphology in early diagnosis or assessment of disease progression or treatment effects. To achieve this, the objective of this cross-sectional study was to use simulated bone resorption on cone-beam CT (CBCT) to study condylar morphological variation in subjects with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA). The first part of this study assessed the hypothesis that the agreement between the simulated defects and the shape analysis measurements made of these defects would be within 0.5mm (the image’s spatial resolution). One hundred seventy-nine discrete bony defects measuring 3mm and 6mm were simulated on the surfaces of 3D models derived from CBCT images of asymptomatic patients using ITK-Snap software. SPHARM shape correspondence was used to localize and quantify morphological differences of each resorption model with the original asymptomatic control. The size of each simulated defect was analyzed and the values obtained compared to the true defect size. The statistical analysis revealed very high probabilities that mean shape correspondence measured defects within 0.5mm of the true defect size. 95% confidence intervals (CI) were (2.67,2.92) and (5.99,6.36) and 95% prediction intervals (PI) were (2.22,3.37) and (5.54, 6.82), respectively for 3mm and 6mm simulated defects. The second part of this study applied shape correspondence methods to a longitudinal sample of TMJ OA patients. The mapped longitudinal stages of TMJ OA progression identified morphological variants or subtypes, which may explain the heterogeneity of the clinical presentation. This study validated shape correspondence as a method to precisely and predictably quantify 3D condylar resorption.
A novel Sargassum siliquastrum-stabilized MnS nanospheres for malachite green adsorption from aqueous solutions
Creators: name: Hasan, Ibrahem M. A.
name: Tawfik, Ahmed R.
name: Assaf, Fawzy H.
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: In this study, the marine alga Sargassum siliquastrum was used for the first time as a stabilizer for the preparation of manganese sulfide nanoparticles (MnS NPs). After characterization, the resulting MnS NPs were literature-first applied for adsorption of malachite green (MG) cationic dye. Characterizations indicated the formation of a spherical, monodispersed, mesoporous mixture of γ-MnS (56%) and α-MnS (46%) with a small crystallite size of 19 nm and a high surface area of 156.7 m2/g. After stepwise optimization of various parameters affecting the adsorption process, MG was 99.7% removed within 60 min from neutral solution by 0.2 g/L of MnS NPs at 298 K. The data of MG adsorption are best fitted by Langmuir isotherm (R2 ≥ 0.99) with a maximum adsorption capacity of 432.2 mg/g at 328 K. Pseudo-second order (R2 = 0.99) is the most appropriate to describe adsorption kinetics. In addition, thermodynamic results revealed that the adsorption is endothermic and spontaneous. Stability and interference studies showed that MnS NPs are highly stable and more selective for MG removal than other dyes. Upon these results, MnS NPs can be applied for the effective removal of MG from various water samples.
Modeling the effects of sea ice on Arctic delta evolution: A case study on the Colville River Delta, AK
Creators: name: Cooper, Caroline
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: Seasonal sea ice coverage impacts Arctic delta morphology by limiting wave and river influences. Despite known impacts, limited research has been performed to understand the effects of sea ice on delta morphodynamics. To address this gap, a 1D morphologic and hydrodynamic model was constructed in Delft3D-FLOW to simulate the development of the Colville River Delta, AK. Simulations showed ice-affected deltas develop a compound clinoform morphology – in other words, a coupled subaerial and subaqueous delta separated by a subaqueous platform that resembles the shallow 2-m subaqueous platform observed only on Arctic deltas. Nearshore sea ice and riverine forcing promoted sediment bypassing and were the key drivers behind platform formation. Future simulations showed Arctic deltas may lose the shallow platform feature on centennial timescales. This study highlights the importance of sea ice on Arctic delta morphology and the potential morphologic transitions these high-latitude deltas may experience as the Arctic continues to warm.
Dynamics of Noncommutative Solitons I: Spectral Theory and Dispersive Estimates
Creators: name: Krueger, August J.
name: Soffer, Avy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Schrödinger equation with a Hamiltonian given by a second order difference operator with nonconstant growing coefficients, on the half one dimensional lattice. This operator appeared first naturally in the construction and dynamics of noncommutative solitons in the context of noncommutative field theory. We prove pointwise in time decay estimates, with the optimal decay rate $t^{-1}\log^{-2}t$ generically. We use a novel technique involving generating functions of orthogonal polynomials to achieve this estimate.
description: 25 pages
Infinite-dimensional diagonalization and semisimplicity
Creators: name: Iovanov, Miodrag C.
name: Mesyan, Zachary
name: Reyes, Manuel L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 15A04, 16S50, Secondary: 15A27, 16W80, 18E15

description: We characterize the diagonalizable subalgebras of End(V), the full ring of linear operators on a vector space V over a field, in a manner that directly generalizes the classical theory of diagonalizable algebras of operators on a finite-dimensional vector space. Our characterizations are formulated in terms of a natural topology (the "finite topology") on End(V), which reduces to the discrete topology in the case where V is finite-dimensional. We further investigate when two subalgebras of operators can and cannot be simultaneously diagonalized, as well as the closure of the set of diagonalizable operators within End(V). Motivated by the classical link between diagonalizability and semisimplicity, we also give an infinite-dimensional generalization of the Wedderburn-Artin theorem, providing a number of equivalent characterizations of left pseudocompact, Jacoboson semisimple rings that parallel various characterizations of artinian semisimple rings. This theorem unifies a number of related results in the literature, including the structure of linearly compact, Jacobson semsimple rings and cosemisimple coalgebras over a field.
description: 39 pages
Neural Activities during the Thinking for Wise Advising Future Generation: an fNIRS study
Creators: name: Hu, Chao S.
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Life Sciences

description: Chao S. Hu1,2, Liting Zeng3, Waxun Su3, Michael L. Thomas4, Shuaiyu Chen5,6, Michel Ferrari7, Qiandong Wang3*(corresponding author) 1 - Department of Medical Humanities, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 2 - Psychological Research & Education Center, School of Humanities, Southeast University, Nanjing, China 3 - School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 4 - Department of Psychology and Molecular, Cellular & Integrative Neurosciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 5 - Centre for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China. 6 - Institute of Psychological Science, Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China. 7 - Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Directed graph based image registration
Creators: name: Shen, Dinggang
name: Jia, Hongjun
name: Kim, Minjeong
name: Wu, Guorong
name: Wang, Qian
name: Wang, Yaping
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: In this paper, a novel image registration method is proposed to achieve accurate registration between images having large shape differences with the help of a set of appropriate intermediate templates. We first demonstrate that directionality is a key factor in both pairwise image registration and groupwise registration, which is defined in this paper to describe the influence of the registration direction and paths on the registration performance. In our solution, the intermediate template selection and intermediate template guided registration are two coherent steps with directionality being considered. To take advantage of the directionality, a directed graph is built based on the asymmetric distance defined on all ordered image pairs in the image population, which is fundamentally different from the undirected graph with symmetric distance metrics in all previous methods, and the shortest distance between template and subject on the directed graph is calculated. The allocated directed path can be thus utilized to better guide the registration by successively registering the subject through the intermediate templates one by one on the path towards the template. The proposed directed graph based solution can also be used in groupwise registration. Specifically, by building a minimum spanning arborescence (MSA) on the directed graph, the population center, i.e., a selected template, as well as the directed registration paths from all the rest of images to the population center, is determined simultaneously. The performance of directed graph based registration algorithm is demonstrated by the spatial normalization on both synthetic dataset and real brain MR images. It is shown that our method can achieve more accurate registration results than both the undirected graph based solution and the direct pairwise registration.
Appearance normalization of histology slides
Creators: name: Woosley, John
name: Marron, J.S.
name: Niethammer, Marc
name: Borland, David
name: Couture, Heather D.
name: Vicory, Jared
name: Thomas, Nancy E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2015

description: This paper presents a method for automatic color and intensity normalization of digitized histology slides stained with two different agents. In comparison to previous approaches, prior information on the stain vectors is used in the plane estimation process, resulting in improved stability of the estimates. Due to the prevalence of hematoxylin and eosin staining for histology slides, the proposed method has significant practical utility. In particular, it can be used as a first step to standardize appearance across slides and is effective at countering effects due to differing stain amounts and protocols and counteracting slide fading. The approach is validated against non-prior plane-fitting using synthetic experiments and 13 real datasets. Results of application of the method to adjustment of faded slides are given, and the effectiveness of the method in aiding statistical classification is shown.
Structure of Noncommutative Solitons: Existence and Spectral Theory
Creators: name: Krueger, August J.
name: Soffer, Avy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider the Schrödinger equation with a Hamiltonian given by a second order difference operator with nonconstant growing coefficients, on the half one dimensional lattice. This operator appeared first naturally in the construction and dynamics of noncommutative solitons in the context of noncommutative field theory. We construct a ground state soliton for this equation and analyze its properties. In particular we arrive at $\ell^{\infty}$ and $\ell^{1}$ estimates as well as a quasi-exponential spatial decay rate.
description: 18 pages, 1 figure. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1411.4298
Sharp and rigid isoperimetric inequalities in metric-measure spaces with lower Ricci curvature bounds
Creators: name: Cavalletti, Fabio
name: Mondino, Andrea
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Metric Geometry (math.MG)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We prove that if $(X,\mathsf{d},\mathfrak{m})$ is a metric measure space with $\mathfrak{m}(X)=1$ having (in a synthetic sense) Ricci curvature bounded from below by $K>0$ and dimension bounded above by $N\in [1,\infty)$, then the classic Lévy-Gromov isoperimetric inequality (together with the recent sharpening counterparts proved in the smooth setting by E. Milman for any $K\in \mathbb{R}$, $N\geq 1$ and upper diameter bounds) hold, i.e. the isoperimetric profile function of $(X,\mathsf{d},\mathfrak{m})$ is bounded from below by the isoperimetric profile of the model space. Moreover, if equality is attained for some volume $v \in (0,1)$ and $K$ is strictly positive, then the space must be a spherical suspension and in this case we completely classify the isoperimetric regions. Finally we also establish the almost rigidity: if the equality is almost attained for some volume $v \in (0,1)$ and $K$ is strictly positive, then the space must be mGH close to a spherical suspension. To our knowledge this is the first result about isoperimetric comparison for non smooth metric measure spaces satisfying Ricci curvature lower bounds. Examples of spaces fitting our assumptions include measured Gromov-Hausdorff limits of Riemannian manifolds satisfying Ricci curvature lower bounds and Alexandrov spaces with curvature bounded from below; the result seems new even in these celebrated classes of spaces.
description: Final version, to appear in Inventiones Mathematicae
"Our river"? Diversity, values, and community engagement in planning for Dyarubbin, Penrith
Creators: name: Frost, Elise
Publisher: name: Macquarie University
Year: 2022
Subjects: Other education not elsewhere classified

description: Urban waterscapes are valued in diverse ways by different individuals and communities. Despite this diversity, governments continue to primarily reduce these values to recreation and tourism. This is especially contentious in settler colonial states such as Australia, where Indigenous water values are often marginalised in formal planning processes. My research has examined the diverse values and meanings that exist within an area of Dyarubbin (the Hawkesbury-Nepean catchment) known as the Bridge-to-Bridge Precinct, in Penrith, New South Wales, and how these values have or have not been incorporated into recent urban planning processes. Using a combined water justice and urban political ecology framework with a focus on power relations between and among community members and planning authorities, I have found that current community engagement processes in urban planning have inherent limitations in their ability to incorporate Indigenous values and diverse conceptions of the river, despite the best efforts of local government. This is due to hierarchical power relations that tend to exclude community members who are not part of organised community groups from collaborating with governments, and which do not align with unceded Indigenous sovereignty. Data used in the research was collected through semi-structured interviews, an online questionnaire and planning documents related to the ‘Our River’ project. This data was collated and analysed using thematic coding. The emergent themes from this analysis include identification of key values employed in the planning process, the role of scale in mediating these processes, and public responses to these values. The way values were constructed in the process of planning and executing urban planning in this case shows that a particular kind of placemaking continues to be foregrounded, based on creating a recreational and tourist destination at the river, that frequently marginalises Indigenous water values.
Metachronal wave formation in a model of pulmonary cilia
Creators: name: Mitran, Sorin M.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2007

description: A three-dimensional simulation of the formation of metachronal waves in rows of pulmonary cilia is presented. The cilia move in a two-layer fluid model. The fluid layer adjacent to the cilia bases is purely viscous while the tips of the cilia move through a viscoelastic fluid. An overlapping fixed-moving grid formulation is employed to capture the effect of the cilia on the surrounding fluid. In contrast with immersed boundary methods, this technique allows a natural enforcement of boundary conditions without the need for smoothing of singular force distributions. The fluid domains are discretized using a finite volume method. The 9 + 2 internal microtubule structure of an individual cilium is modeled using large-deflection, curved, finite-element beams. The microtubule skeleton is cross-linked to itself and to the cilium membrane through spring elements which model nexin links. The cilium membrane itself is considered to be elastic and subject to fluid stresses computed from the moving grid formulation as well as internal forces transmitted from the microtubule skeleton. A cilium is set into motion by the action of dynein molecules exerting forces between adjacent microtubules. Realistic models of the forces exerted by dynein molecules are extracted from measurements of observed cilia shapes.
Lorentzian Spectral Geometry for Globally Hyperbolic Surfaces
Creators: name: Finster, Felix
name: Müller, Olaf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Spectral Theory (math.SP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The fermionic signature operator is analyzed on globally hyperbolic Lorentzian surfaces. The connection between the spectrum of the fermionic signature operator and geometric properties of the surface is studied. The findings are illustrated by simple examples and counterexamples.
description: 49 pages, LaTeX, 7 figures, minor improvements (published version)
title: Essays in financial economics
Creators: name: Pelosi, Marco
Publisher: name: London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE)
Year: 2022

description: This dissertation consists of three chapters. In the first, I document advantageous selection in loan amount in the largest peer-to-peer (P2P) lender in the United States. By exploiting a natural experiment within the platform, I show that borrowers who select larger loans are less likely to default. This selection is driven by households who live in states with bankruptcy-friendly laws, where borrowers’ default costs are lower. Standard models where borrowers maximize their utility cannot rationalize my results and make the opposite prediction. In a simple model of household borrowing, I show that my results can be explained by the fact that borrowers facing higher loan prices search more intensively for cheaper loans. This effect is stronger for the safest borrowers, as they enjoy the greatest benefits from the switching. In the second chapter, co-authored with Angelo D’Andrea and Enrico Sette, studies the effect of access to broadband internet on bank credit supply to nonfinancial firms. We find that banks with branches in municipalities reached by fast internet increase loan supply, both at the extensive and the intensive margin. We document that the expansion of credit goes through two main channels: internal efficiency and competition. To increase lending, fast internet also leads banks to expand their geographical markets and to make internal credit reallocation. Finally, while broadband connection moves credit away from smaller municipalities, it still benefits local economic growth as firms obtain more credit from branches located in larger municipalities. The third chapter, co-authored with Francesco Nicolai and Simona Risteska, provides evidence of the disparity in the incidence of property taxes levied at different points in time. Housing demand is significantly less elastic with respect to taxes deferred to the future relative to taxes levied at the moment of the purchase. We attribute this difference to the lack of salience of future taxes at the moment of purchase. We provide directions on the optimal tax mix between salient and nonsalient taxes with the help of a model.
Axonopsis (Paraxonopsis) angulata Cook 1967
Creators: name: Pešić, Vladimir
name: Chatterjee, Tapas
name: Bordoloi, Sabitry
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Arachnida
Trombidiformes
Axonopsidae
Axonopsis
Axonopsis angulata

description: Axonopsis (Paraxonopsis) angulata Cook, 1967
Records from the study area: Kerala—Cook (1967); Prasad (1974).
Habitat: Mountain streams.
Distribution: India.
description: Published as part of Pešić, Vladimir, Chatterjee, Tapas & Bordoloi, Sabitry, 2010, A checklist of the water mites (Acari: Hydrachnidia) of India, with new records and description of one new species, pp. 1-54 in Zootaxa 2617 (1) on page 20, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.2617.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/197964
Non-parametric PSF estimation from celestial transit solar images using blind deconvolution
Creators: name: Gonzalez, Adriana
name: Delouille, Véronique
name: Jacques, Laurent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Context: Characterization of instrumental effects in astronomical imaging is important in order to extract accurate physical information from the observations. The measured image in a real optical instrument is usually represented by the convolution of an ideal image with a Point Spread Function (PSF). Additionally, the image acquisition process is also contaminated by other sources of noise (read-out, photon-counting). The problem of estimating both the PSF and a denoised image is called blind deconvolution and is ill-posed. Aims: We propose a blind deconvolution scheme that relies on image regularization. Contrarily to most methods presented in the literature, our method does not assume a parametric model of the PSF and can thus be applied to any telescope. Methods: Our scheme uses a wavelet analysis prior model on the image and weak assumptions on the PSF. We use observations from a celestial transit, where the occulting body can be assumed to be a black disk. These constraints allow us to retain meaningful solutions for the filter and the image, eliminating trivial, translated and interchanged solutions. Under an additive Gaussian noise assumption, they also enforce noise canceling and avoid reconstruction artifacts by promoting the whiteness of the residual between the blurred observations and the cleaned data. Results: Our method is applied to synthetic and experimental data. The PSF is estimated for the SECCHI/EUVI instrument using the 2007 Lunar transit, and for SDO/AIA using the 2012 Venus transit. Results show that the proposed non-parametric blind deconvolution method is able to estimate the core of the PSF with a similar quality to parametric methods proposed in the literature. We also show that, if these parametric estimations are incorporated in the acquisition model, the resulting PSF outperforms both the parametric and non-parametric methods.
description: 31 pages, 47 figures
STORMS checklist "Spatial variability of the microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with the patients' clinical characteristics but not with sinus ostia occlusion"
Creators: name: Szaleniec, Joanna
name: Bezshapkin, Valentyn
name: Krawczyk, Agnieszka
name: Kopera, Katarzyna
name: Zapała, Barbara
name: Gosiewski, Tomasz
name: Kosciolek, Tomasz
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: microbiome
sinuses
chronic rhinosinusitis

description: This is a STORMS checklist for the paper "Spatial variability of the microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis is associated with the patients’ clinical characteristics but not with sinus ostia occlusion"
Computing minimal interpolants in $C^{1,1}(\mathbb{R}^d)$
Creators: name: Herbert-Voss, Ariel
name: Hirn, Matthew J.
name: McCollum, Frederick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS)
subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 26B35, 41A05, 41A58, 41A63, 52A41, 65D05

description: We consider the following interpolation problem. Suppose one is given a finite set $E \subset \mathbb{R}^d$, a function $f: E \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, and possibly the gradients of $f$ at the points of $E$. We want to interpolate the given information with a function $F \in C^{1,1}(\mathbb{R}^d)$ with the minimum possible value of $\mathrm{Lip} (\nabla F)$. We present practical, efficient algorithms for constructing an $F$ such that $\mathrm{Lip} (\nabla F)$ is minimal, or for less computational effort, within a small dimensionless constant of being minimal.
description: 41 pages, 6 figures. Replaces arXiv:1307.3292. v2: Minor edits, formatting changed. v3: Revised version, which includes numerous updates, corrections and edits for clarification. v4: Minor edits. Software available at: https://github.com/matthew-hirn/C-1-1-Interpolation
In-Search Assignment of Monoisotopic Peaks Improves the Identification of Cross-Linked Peptides
Creators: name: Lenz, Swantje
name: Giese, Sven H.
name: Fischer, Lutz
name: Rappsilber, Juri
Publisher: name: Technische Universität Berlin
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie
subject: cross-linking
subject: mass spectrometry
subject: data processing
subject: proteomics
subject: software
subject: structural proteomics
subject: BS3
subject: SDA
subject: peptides
subject: monoisotopic mass

description: Cross-linking/mass spectrometry has undergone a maturation process akin to standard proteomics by adapting key methods such as false discovery rate control and quantification. A poorly evaluated search setting in proteomics is the consideration of multiple (lighter) alternative values for the monoisotopic precursor mass to compensate for possible misassignments of the monoisotopic peak. Here, we show that monoisotopic peak assignment is a major weakness of current data handling approaches in cross-linking. Cross-linked peptides often have high precursor masses, which reduces the presence of the monoisotopic peak in the isotope envelope. Paired with generally low peak intensity, this generates a challenge that may not be completely solvable by precursor mass assignment routines. We therefore took an alternative route by ‘”in-search assignment of the monoisotopic peak” in the cross-link database search tool Xi (Xi-MPA), which considers multiple precursor masses during database search. We compare and evaluate the performance of established preprocessing workflows that partly correct the monoisotopic peak and Xi-MPA on three publicly available data sets. Xi-MPA always delivered the highest number of identifications with ∼2 to 4-fold increase of PSMs without compromising identification accuracy as determined by FDR estimation and comparison to crystallographic models.
A Novel Proteolytic Processing of Prolysyl Oxidase
Creators: name: Parker, Carol E.
name: Yamauchi, Mitsuo
name: Mocanu, Viorel
name: Tokutomi, Kentaro
name: Katafuchi, Michitsuna
name: Atsawasuwan, Phimon
name: Mochida, Yoshiyuki
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2011

description: Lysyl oxidase (LOX) is an amine oxidase that is critical for the stability of connective tissues. The secreted proLOX is enzymatically quiescent and is activated through proteolytic cleavage between residue Gly162 and Asp163 (residue numbers according to the mouse LOX) by bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-1 gene products. Here we report a novel processing of proLOX identified in vitro and in vivo. Two forms of mature LOX were identified and characterized by their immunoreactivity to specific antibodies, amine oxidase activity and mass spectrometry. One form was identified as a well characterized BMP-1 processed LOX protein. Another was found to be a truncated form of LOX (tLOX) resulting from the cleavage at the carboxy terminus of Arg192. The tLOX still appeared to retain amine oxidase activity. The results from the proLOX gene deletion and mutation experiments indicated that the processing occurs independent of the cleavage of proLOX by BMP-1 gene products and likely requires the presence of LOX propeptide. These results indicate that proLOX could be processed by two different mechanisms producing two forms of active LOX.
Uncoupling protein-2 is an antioxidant that is up-regulated in the enamel organ of fluoride-treated rats
Creators: name: Everett, Eric T.
name: Whitford, Gary M.
name: Antone, Jerry V.
name: Bartlett, John D.
name: Suzuki, Maiko
name: Sierant, Megan L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2014

description: Dental fluorosis is characterized by subsurface hypomineralization and retention of enamel matrix proteins. Fluoride (F−) exposure generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can cause ER-stress. We therefore screened oxidative stress arrays to identify genes regulated by F− exposure. Vitamin E is an antioxidant so we asked if a diet high in vitamin E would attenuate dental fluorosis. Maturation stage incisor enamel organs (EO) were harvested from F− treated rats and mice were assessed to determine if vitamin E ameliorates dental fluorosis. Uncoupling protein-2 (Ucp2) was significantly up-regulated by F− (~1.5 & 2.0 fold for the 50 or 100 ppm F− treatment groups respectively). Immunohistochemical results on maturation stage rat incisors demonstrated that UCP2 protein levels increased with F− treatment. UCP2 down-regulates mitochondrial production of ROS, which decreases ATP production. Thus, in addition to reduced protein translation caused by ER-stress, a reduction in ATP production by UCP2 may contribute to the inability of ameloblasts to remove protein from the hardening enamel. Fluoride treated mouse enamel had significantly higher quantitative fluorescence (QF) than the untreated controls. No significant QF difference was observed between control and vitamin E enriched diets within a given F− treatment group. Therefore, a diet rich in vitamin E did not attenuate dental fluorosis. We have identified a novel oxidative stress response gene that is up-regulated in vivo by F− and activation of this gene may adversely affect ameloblast function.
Additional file 1: of TERT expression is susceptible to BRAF and ETS-factor inhibition in BRAFV600E/TERT promoter double-mutated glioma
Creators: name: Gabler, Lisa
name: Lรถtsch, Daniela
name: Kirchhofer, Dominik
name: Sushilla Schoonhoven
name: Schmidt, Hannah
name: Mayr, Lisa
name: Pirker, Christine
name: Neumayer, Katharina
name: Dinhof, Carina
name: Kastler, Lucia
name: Azizi, Amedeo
name: Dorfer, Christian
name: Czech, Thomas
name: Haberler, Christine
name: Peyrl, Andreas
name: Kumar, Rajiv
name: Slavc, Irene
name: Spiegl-Kreinecker, Sabine
name: Gojo, Johannes
name: Berger, Walter
Publisher: name: Figshare
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 19999 Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Hematology
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Table S1. Antibodies. Table S2. Primers. Table S3. Histopathological, molecular and clinical parameters of the Vienna patient cohort. (DOCX 16 kb)
Vom Krieg und vom Frieden
Creators: name: Weß, Paul
name: Hanus, Ladislav
name: Bommer, Josef
name: Richter, Klemens
name: Küberl, Franz
Publisher: name: Diakonia
Year: 1970

description: Diakonia, Bd. 14 Nr. 6 (1983): Diakonia, Band 14, Heft 6
Contrasting Colonist and Indigenous Impacts on Amazonian Forests: Colonist versus Indigenous Deforestation
Creators: name: LU, FLORA
name: BREMNER, JASON
name: WALSH, STEPHEN J.
name: BARBIERI, ALISSON
name: MENA, CARLOS F.
name: ERLIEN, CHRISTINE M.
name: GRAY, CLARK
name: BILSBORROW, RICHARD E.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2010

description: To examine differences in land use and environmental impacts between colonist and indigenous populations in the northern Ecuadorian Amazon, we combined data from household surveys and remotely sensed imagery that was collected from 778 colonist households in 64 colonization sectors, and 499 households from five indigenous groups in 36 communities. Overall, measures of deforestation and forest fragmentation were significantly greater for colonists than indigenous peoples. On average, colonist households had approximately double the area in agriculture and cash crops and 5.5 times the area in pasture as indigenous households. Nevertheless, substantial variation in land-use patterns existed among the five indigenous groups in measures such as cattle ownership and use of hired agricultural labor. These findings support the potential conservation value of indigenous lands while cautioning against uniform policies that homogenize indigenous ethnic groups.
On the Universality of Jordan Centers for Estimating Infection Sources in Tree Networks
Creators: name: Luo, Wuqiong
name: Tay, Wee Peng
name: Leng, Mei
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Finding the infection sources in a network when we only know the network topology and infected nodes, but not the rates of infection, is a challenging combinatorial problem, and it is even more difficult in practice where the underlying infection spreading model is usually unknown a priori. In this paper, we are interested in finding a source estimator that is applicable to various spreading models, including the Susceptible-Infected (SI), Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR), Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Infected (SIRI), and Susceptible-Infected-Susceptible (SIS) models. We show that under the SI, SIR and SIRI spreading models and with mild technical assumptions, the Jordan center is the infection source associated with the most likely infection path in a tree network with a single infection source. This conclusion applies for a wide range of spreading parameters, while it holds for regular trees under the SIS model with homogeneous infection and recovery rates. Since the Jordan center does not depend on the infection, recovery and reinfection rates, it can be regarded as a universal source estimator. We also consider the case where there are k>1 infection sources, generalize the Jordan center definition to a k-Jordan center set, and show that this is an optimal infection source set estimator in a tree network for the SI model. Simulation results on various general synthetic networks and real world networks suggest that Jordan center-based estimators consistently outperform the betweenness, closeness, distance, degree, eigenvector, and pagerank centrality based heuristics, even if the network is not a tree.
METHODS TO PREVENT SIDE EFFECTS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN SICK PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES
Creators: name: Ergasheva, Gulshan
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This study presents the findings of an assessment aimed at gauging the awareness level of socially important effects of diabetes among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research also includes an investigation into the accessibility of food products specifically designed for diabetic patients in both pharmacies and grocery stores. By examining these critical aspects, the research sheds light on the degree to which individuals with type 2 diabetes are informed about the societal impact of their condition and the availability of essential dietary resources tailored to their needs. The results of this assessment contribute valuable insights for improving the support and resources available to individuals living with diabetes.
Feedbacks between conservation and social-ecological systems
Creators: name: MILLER, BRIAN W.
name: CAPLOW, SUSAN C.
name: LESLIE, PAUL W.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2012

description: Robust ways to meet objectives of environmental conservation and social and economic development remain elusive. This struggle may in part be related to insufficient understanding of the feedbacks between conservation initiatives and social-ecological systems, specifically, the ways in which conservation initiatives result in social changes that have secondary effects on the environments targeted by conservation. To explore this idea we sampled peer-reviewed articles addressing the social and environmental dimensions of conservation and coded each paper according to its research focus and characterization of these feedbacks. The majority of articles in our sample focused either on the effect of conservation initiatives on people (e.g., relocation, employment) or the effect of people on the environment (e.g., fragmentation, conservation efficacy of traditional management systems). Few studies in our sample empirically addressed both the social dynamics resulting from conservation initiatives and subsequent environmental effects. In many cases, one was measured and the other was discussed anecdotally. Among the studies that describe feedbacks between social and environmental variables, there was more evidence of positive (amplifying) feedbacks between social and environmental outcomes (i.e., undesirable social outcomes yielded undesirable environmental effects, and desirable social outcomes yielded desirable environmental effects). The major themes within the sampled literature include conflict between humans and wild animals, social movements, adaptive comanagement, loss of traditional management systems, traditional ecological knowledge, human displacement and risks to livelihoods, and conservation and development. The narratives associated with each theme can serve as hypotheses for facilitating further discussion about conservation issues and for catalyzing future studies of the feedbacks between conservation and social-ecological systems.
MUSICAL POLTICS OR POLITICAL MUSIC: EXTREME METAL MUSIC FESTIVALS AND RADICAL POLITICAL IDENTITY FORMATION
Creators: name: Anthony, Tyler
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2023

description: This thesis explores the relationship between extreme metal music, Festivals, and Radical political identity formation.  While political extreme metal music festivals have gained notoriety for their fundraising prowess, this thesis explores how these festivals shape the identity of their attendees. Literature on social psychology, extreme metal music, and festivals forms a broad overview of extreme metal music festivals.  This overview is then used to compare two European radical right-wing festivals and one American radical left-wing festival. It argues that the transgressive, isolating nature of radical political groups and the metal community provides a unique platform for a fusion of the two.  The countervailing needs for identity formation become fulfilled in the context of extreme metal music festivals transforming them from a simple music festival into a political radicalizing event.
Microorganism Billiards
Creators: name: Spagnolie, Saverio E.
name: Wahl, Colin
name: Lukasik, Joseph
name: Thiffeault, Jean-Luc
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments and numerical simulations have shown that certain types of microorganisms "reflect" off of a flat surface at a critical angle of departure, independent of the angle of incidence. The nature of the reflection may be active (cell and flagellar contact with the surface) or passive (hydrodynamic) interactions. We explore the billiard-like motion of a body with this empirical reflection law inside a regular polygon and show that the dynamics can settle on a stable periodic orbit or can be chaotic, depending on the swimmer's departure angle and the domain geometry. The dynamics are often found to be robust to the introduction of weak random fluctuations. The Lyapunov exponent of swimmer trajectories can be positive or negative, can have extremal values, and can have discontinuities depending on the degree of the polygon. A passive sorting device is proposed that traps swimmers of different departure angles into separate bins. We also study the external problem of a microorganism swimming in a patterned environment of square obstacles, where the departure angle dictates the possibility of trapping or diffusive trajectories.
description: 29 pages, 17 figures. Elsevier style. Final published version
Sabrina Sea Floor Survey (IN2017-V01) Piston Core Images, Visual Logs and Grain Size Data Summaries IN2017-V01-C012-PC05
Creators: name: O'Brien, Philip
name: Opdyke, Bradley
name: Post, Alexandra
name: Armand, Leanne
Publisher: name: Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University
Year: 2020
Subjects: East Antarctica
Sabrina Coast
Totten Glacier
Piston Core
Colour description
Colour analysis
Grain size
PC-05

description: This document presents images, colour description, colour analysis profiles and summary grain size data for individual core sections from piston core IN2017-V01-C012-PC05 collected during the Sabrina Sea Floor Survey on the RV Investigator between January and March 2017. Detail of the survey can be obtained in the post-survey report (Armand et al., 2018).
Multiplexity and multireciprocity in directed multiplexes
Creators: name: Gemmetto, Valerio
name: Squartini, Tiziano
name: Picciolo, Francesco
name: Ruzzenenti, Franco
name: Garlaschelli, Diego
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Real-world multi-layer networks feature nontrivial dependencies among links of different layers. Here we argue that, if links are directed, dependencies are twofold. Besides the ordinary tendency of links of different layers to align as the result of `multiplexity', there is also a tendency to anti-align as the result of what we call `multireciprocity', i.e. the fact that links in one layer can be reciprocated by \emph{opposite} links in a different layer. Multireciprocity generalizes the scalar definition of single-layer reciprocity to that of a square matrix involving all pairs of layers. We introduce multiplexity and multireciprocity matrices for both binary and weighted multiplexes and validate their statistical significance against maximum-entropy null models that filter out the effects of node heterogeneity. We then perform a detailed empirical analysis of the World Trade Multiplex (WTM), representing the import-export relationships between world countries in different commodities. We show that the WTM exhibits strong multiplexity and multireciprocity, an effect which is however largely encoded into the degree or strength sequences of individual layers. The residual effects are still significant and allow to classify pairs of commodities according to their tendency to be traded together in the same direction and/or in opposite ones. We also find that the multireciprocity of the WTM is significantly lower than the usual reciprocity measured on the aggregate network. Moreover, layers with low (high) internal reciprocity are embedded within sets of layers with comparably low (high) mutual multireciprocity. This suggests that, in the WTM, reciprocity is inherent to groups of related commodities rather than to individual commodities. We discuss the implications for international trade research focusing on product taxonomies, the product space, and fitness/complexity metrics.
description: 20 pages, 8 figures