cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Towards a Benchmark for Causal Business Process Reasoning with LLMs
Creators: name: Fournier, Fabiana
name: Limonad, Lior
name: Skarbovsky, Inna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for boosting organizational efficiency and automating tasks. While not originally designed for complex cognitive processes, recent efforts have further extended to employ LLMs in activities such as reasoning, planning, and decision-making. In business processes, such abilities could be invaluable for leveraging on the massive corpora LLMs have been trained on for gaining deep understanding of such processes. In this work, we plant the seeds for the development of a benchmark to assess the ability of LLMs to reason about causal and process perspectives of business operations. We refer to this view as Causally-augmented Business Processes (BP^C). The core of the benchmark comprises a set of BP^C related situations, a set of questions about these situations, and a set of deductive rules employed to systematically resolve the ground truth answers to these questions. Also with the power of LLMs, the seed is then instantiated into a larger-scale set of domain-specific situations and questions. Reasoning on BP^C is of crucial importance for process interventions and process improvement. Our benchmark, accessible at https://huggingface.co/datasets/ibm/BPC, can be used in one of two possible modalities: testing the performance of any target LLM and training an LLM to advance its capability to reason about BP^C.
description: 12 pages, 1 figure
title: Rhetorical Space: Culture of Curiosity in Yangcai under Emperor Qianlong’s Reign
Creators: name: Chen, Chih-En
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: This research is arranged into three sections in order to elaborate on the hybrid innovation in yangcai. Firstly, the usage of pictorial techniques on porcelain will be discussed, followed by the argument that the modelling technique in the Qianlong period could be the revival of Buddhist tradition combined with European pictoriality. The second section continues the discussion of non-traditional attributes in terms of the ontology of porcelain patterns. Although it has been widely accepted that Western-style decorations were applied to the production of the Qing porcelain, the other possibility will be purported here by stating that the decorative pattern is a Chinese version of the multicultural product. The last section explores style and identity. By reviewing the history of Chinese painting technique, art historians can realise the difference between knowing and performing. Artworks produced in the Emperor Qianlong’s reign were more about Emperor Qianlong’s preference than the capability of the artists. This political reason differentiated the theory and practice in Chinese history of art. This essay argues that the design of yangcai is substantially part of the Emperor Qianlong’s portrait, which represents his multicultural background, authority over various civilisations, and transcendental identity as an emperor bridging the East and the West.
Justicia epistémica, también conocido como juntadero o compartencia del mundo
Creators: name: Guzmán Luna, Alejandra
name: Samayoa Aguilar, Nora María
name: Albalat Botana, Amparo
name: Domené Painenao, Olga
name: Robles Bautista, Liliana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: Estas líneas comparten la sistematización de un espacio de encuentro, donde se expresaron sentires y experiencias alrededor del concepto Justicia Epistémica (JE). Si bien la redacción de este documento estuvo a cargo de compañeras provenientes de la academia militante, en el espacio de encuentro buscamos ubicarnos al margen de esta institución, lo que permitió que habláramos y sintiéramos una pluralidad de territorios campesinos, periurbanos y urbanos. Así, y a través de la palabra compartida, la categoría de JE fue reapropiada al cuestionar su significado, transformándose y asumiéndose como juntadero o compartencia o, de cualquier otra forma, donde lo que se busca es incluir e invitar a personas con diferentes experiencias y conocimientos a construir en colectivo. Entonces, se manifestó la necesidad de humanizar los procesos, de conocer las historias, de invitar al diálogo, de reconocer al nombrar, de respetar los tiempos, así como evidenciar responsabilidades y acuerdos, entre otros elementos que llenaron de vida al caracol colectivo. Pero también, vimos la inclusión e invitación como un modo de confrontar las desigualdades provocadas por relaciones de poder que sustentan al patriarcado, el colonialismo y el adultocentrismo. Finalmente, creemos que solo hay justicia cuando compartimos con otras y otros nuestras formas de manifestar y de pensar la vida, un espacio seguro donde afloran las rabias, pero también las alegrías radicales.
How dangerous are mobile phones, transmission masts, and electricity pylons?
Creators: name: Wood, Andrew
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Electrical power and mobile communications deliver enormous benefit to society, but there are concerns whether the electric and magnetic field (EMF) emissions associated with the delivery of this benefit are linked to cancer or other health hazards. This article reviews the strength of the available epidemiological and laboratory evidence and notes that this falls short of what is normally required to establish a causal link. However, because of scientific uncertainty a cautious approach is often advocated, but here, too, there may be a tendency to judge these risks more harshly than those in other areas with similar strength of evidence.
Quartinia pusilla Kostylev 1935
Creators: name: Fateryga, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Hymenoptera
Masaridae
Quartinia
Quartinia pusilla

description: Quartinia pusilla Kostylev
(Fig. 29)
Quartinia pusilla Kostylev, 1935: 104, ♀ (type locality: “ Krasnovodsk ” [Turkmenistan]).
Type material. HOLOTYPE: ♀, labeled “[golden disc] // Красноводск [Krasnovodsk] / 18. VI.928 / В. Гуссаковский [V. Gussakovskij] // Quartinia ♀ / pusilla, Typ / G. Kostylev det. 1933 // Quartinia / pusilla Kost / Тип. Колл. В. / Гуссаковского [Type. Collection of V. Gussakovskij] / 1941 23 VI [Kostylev’s signature] // МОсКва / ЗООЛОГичесКий / МУЗей МГУ [Moscow, Zoological Museum MSU] // Holotype ♀ / Quartinia pusilla / Kostylev, 1935 [red label]” [ZMMU].
Current status. Valid (Carpenter 2001; Fateryga & Proshchalykin 2024).
Remarks. The holotype is lacking the metasoma.
description: Published as part of Fateryga, Alexander V., 2025, Type specimens of the pollen wasps (Hymenoptera, Vespidae: Masarinae) deposited in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Zoological Museum of the M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, pp. 201-242 in Zootaxa 5632 (2) on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5632.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/15371847
Going Beyond the MHD Approximation: Physics-Based Numerical Solution of the CGL Equations
Creators: name: Bhoriya, Deepak
name: Balsara, Dinshaw S.
name: Florinski, Vladimir
name: Kumar, Harish
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65Mxx, 76Wxx, 85A25, 85A30

description: We present a new numerical model for solving the Chew-Goldberger-Low system of equations describing a bi-Maxwellian plasma in a magnetic field. Heliospheric and geospace environments are often observed to be in an anisotropic state with distinctly different parallel and perpendicular pressure components. The CGL system represents the simplest leading order correction to the common isotropic MHD model that still allows to incorporate the latter's most desirable features. However, the CGL system presents several numerical challenges: the system is not in conservation form, the source terms are stiff, and unlike MHD it is prone to a loss of hyperbolicity if the parallel and perpendicular pressures become too different. The usual cure is to bring the parallel and perpendicular pressures closer to one another; but that has usually been done in an ad hoc manner. We present a physics-informed method of pressure relaxation based on the idea of pitch-angle scattering that keeps the numerical system hyperbolic and naturally leads to zero anisotropy in the limit of very large plasma beta. Numerical codes based on the CGL equations can, therefore, be made to function robustly for any magnetic field strength, including the limit where the magnetic field approaches zero. The capabilities of our new algorithm are demonstrated using several stringent test problems that provide a comparison of the CGL equations in the weakly and strongly collisional limits. This includes a test problem that mimics interaction of a shock with a magnetospheric environment in 2D.
description: Accepted in "The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ)"
title: Late Ming Courtesan Culture And China’s Gender System
Creators: name: Huang, Aubury A.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: This article argues against existing scholarship that sees courtesans as a transcending force that blurred social and gender boundaries in the late Ming gender system. The gendered position of courtesans is examined from two perspectives, the market economy and the kinship system, to analyse how the booming courtesan culture stemmed from and reinforced the male-dominated gender hierarchy. Firstly, in the market economy, courtesans emerged as a product of the patriarchal practice of objectifying and commodifying women, whereby the ownership of women lay with men. Under such a commercialised environment, the literary and artistic skills of courtesans were highly gendered, sexualised and essentially cultivated to increase their market value and the attraction they held for their male patrons. Secondly, in the kinship system, a clear boundary was constructed between courtesans and respectable women in the domestic sphere. The existence of courtesans prevented such women from entering the public realm. Meanwhile, the de facto freedom enjoyed by courtesans prevented themselves from entering orthodox household units, as they were constructed outside of the kinship system, and were marginalised by both men and women of the gentry class, by Ming legal regulations and by popular literary work, to ensure the continuance of the existing patriarchal family structure and the husband-wife hierarchy.
On Lepton and Baryon Numbers as Local Gauge Symmetries
Creators: name: Perez, Pavel Fileviez
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A simple theory where the total lepton number is a local gauge symmetry is proposed. In this context, the gauge anomalies are cancelled with the minimal number of extra fermionic fields and one predicts that the neutrinos are Majorana fermions. The properties of the neutrino sector are discussed showing that this theory predicts a $3+2$ light neutrino sector. We show that using the same fermionic fields one can gauge the baryon number and define a simple theory where the lepton and baryon numbers can be spontaneously broken at the low scale in agreement with experiments.
description: v2: a few corrections, extra discussion, conclusions unchanged, version to appear in Physical Review D
Exploring the anti-diabetic potential of Australian Aboriginal and Indian Ayurvedic plant extracts using cell-based assays
Creators: name: Gulati, Vandana
name: Gulati, Pankaj
name: Harding, Ian
name: Palombo, Enzo
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Background: Plant-derived compounds have been used clinically to treat type 2 diabetes for many years as they also exert additional beneficial effects on various other disorders. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible mechanism of anti-diabetic activity of twelve (seven Australian Aboriginal and five Indian Ayurvedic) plant extracts. Methods: The ethanolic plant extracts were investigated for glucose uptake and adipogenesis in murine 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cytotoxicity studies were also carried out against two cancerous cell lines, HeLa and A549, to investigate the potential anti-cancer activities of the extracts. Results: Of the seven Australian Aboriginal plant extracts tested, only Acacia kempeana and Santalum spicatum stimulated glucose uptake in adipocytes. Among the five Indian Ayurvedic plant extracts, only Curculigo orchioides enhanced glucose uptake. With respect to adipogenesis, the Australian plants Acacia tetragonophylla, Beyeria leshnaultii and Euphorbia drumondii and the Indian plants Pterocarpus marsupium, Andrographis paniculata and Curculigo orchioides reduced lipid accumulation in differentiated adipocytes. Extracts of Acacia kempeana and Acacia tetragonophylla showed potent and specific activity against HeLa cells. Conclusions: The findings suggest that the plant extracts exert their anti-diabetic properties by different mechanisms, including the stimulation of glucose uptake in adipocytes, inhibition of adipogenesis or both. Apart from their anti-diabetic activities, some of the extracts have potential for the development of chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of cervical cancer.
Enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities of traditional medicinal plants: Potential application in the management of hyperglycemia
Creators: name: Gulati, Vandana
name: Harding, Ian
name: Palombo, Enzo
Publisher: name: Swinburne
Year: 2024

description: Background: Traditional Indian and Australian medicinal plant extracts were investigated to determine their therapeutic potential to inhibit key enzymes in carbohydrate metabolism, which has relevance to the management of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. The antioxidant activities were also assessed. Methods: The evaluation of enzyme inhibitory activity of seven Australian aboriginal medicinal plants and five Indian Ayurvedic plants was carried out against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase. Antioxidant activity was determined by measuring (i) the scavenging effect of plant extracts against 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2' -azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and (ii) ferric reducing power. Total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were also determined. Results: Of the twelve plant extracts evaluated, the highest inhibitory activity against both alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes was exerted by Santalum spicatum and Pterocarpus marsupium with IC50 values of 5.43 μg/ml and 0.9 μg/ml, respectively, and 5.16 μg/ml and 1.06 μg/ml, respectively. However, the extracts of Acacia ligulata (IC50 = 1.01 μg/ml), Beyeria leshnaultii (0.39 μg/ml), Mucuna pruriens (0.8 μg/ml) and Boerhaavia diffusa (1.72 μg/ml) exhibited considerable activity against alpha-glucosidase enzyme only. The free radical scavenging activity was found to be prominent in extracts of Acacia kempeana, Acacia ligulata followed by Euphorbia drummondii against both DPPH and ABTS. The reducing power was more pronounced in Euphorbia drummondii and Pterocarpus marsupium extracts. The phenolic and flavonoid contents ranged from 0.42 to 30.27 μg/mg equivalent of gallic acid and 0.51 to 32.94 μg/mg equivalent of quercetin, respectively, in all plant extracts. Pearson's correlation coefficient between total flavonoids and total phenolics was 0.796. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study showed that most of the plant extracts have good potential for the management of hyperglycemia, diabetes and the related condition of oxidative stress.
Benchmarking Skeleton-based Motion Encoder Models for Clinical Applications: Estimating Parkinson's Disease Severity in Walking Sequences
Creators: name: Adeli, Vida
name: Mehraban, Soroush
name: Ballester, Irene
name: Zarghami, Yasamin
name: Sabo, Andrea
name: Iaboni, Andrea
name: Taati, Babak
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This study investigates the application of general human motion encoders trained on large-scale human motion datasets for analyzing gait patterns in PD patients. Although these models have learned a wealth of human biomechanical knowledge, their effectiveness in analyzing pathological movements, such as parkinsonian gait, has yet to be fully validated. We propose a comparative framework and evaluate six pre-trained state-of-the-art human motion encoder models on their ability to predict the Movement Disorder Society - Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS-III) gait scores from motion capture data. We compare these against a traditional gait feature-based predictive model in a recently released large public PD dataset, including PD patients on and off medication. The feature-based model currently shows higher weighted average accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Motion encoder models with closely comparable results demonstrate promise for scalability and efficiency in clinical settings. This potential is underscored by the enhanced performance of the encoder model upon fine-tuning on PD training set. Four of the six human motion models examined provided prediction scores that were significantly different between on- and off-medication states. This finding reveals the sensitivity of motion encoder models to nuanced clinical changes. It also underscores the necessity for continued customization of these models to better capture disease-specific features, thereby reducing the reliance on labor-intensive feature engineering. Lastly, we establish a benchmark for the analysis of skeleton-based motion encoder models in clinical settings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to provide a benchmark that enables state-of-the-art models to be tested and compete in a clinical context. Codes and benchmark leaderboard are available at code.
Generative AI-based Prompt Evolution Engineering Design Optimization With Vision-Language Model
Creators: name: Wong, Melvin
name: Rios, Thiago
name: Menzel, Stefan
name: Ong, Yew Soon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science (cs.CE)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Neural and Evolutionary Computing (cs.NE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Engineering design optimization requires an efficient combination of a 3D shape representation, an optimization algorithm, and a design performance evaluation method, which is often computationally expensive. We present a prompt evolution design optimization (PEDO) framework contextualized in a vehicle design scenario that leverages a vision-language model for penalizing impractical car designs synthesized by a generative model. The backbone of our framework is an evolutionary strategy coupled with an optimization objective function that comprises a physics-based solver and a vision-language model for practical or functional guidance in the generated car designs. In the prompt evolutionary search, the optimizer iteratively generates a population of text prompts, which embed user specifications on the aerodynamic performance and visual preferences of the 3D car designs. Then, in addition to the computational fluid dynamics simulations, the pre-trained vision-language model is used to penalize impractical designs and, thus, foster the evolutionary algorithm to seek more viable designs. Our investigations on a car design optimization problem show a wide spread of potential car designs generated at the early phase of the search, which indicates a good diversity of designs in the initial populations, and an increase of over 20\% in the probability of generating practical designs compared to a baseline framework without using a vision-language model. Visual inspection of the designs against the performance results demonstrates prompt evolution as a very promising paradigm for finding novel designs with good optimization performance while providing ease of use in specifying design specifications and preferences via a natural language interface.
description: Accepted and to be published in IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2024. Copyright 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses
Journal of Undergraduate Research (jur), Volume 15, Issue 2, Spring 2017
Creators: name: Journal Of Undergraduate Research
name: Dimmock, Ethan
name: He, Mengni
name: Altabet, Jason
name: He, Yutong
name: King, Jason Brar, Ben
name: Fink, David
name: Maimon, Shir
name: Polansky, Zachary
name: Chiu, Po-Chun
name: Kottas, Joel
name: Kyung Kim, Chang
name: Al Mamun, Abdullah
name: Strohm, Evan
Publisher: name: University of Rochester
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 430317
subject: Latin and South American history
classificationCode: 4408
subject: Political science
subject: FOS: Political science
classificationCode: 3605
subject: Screen and digital media

description: The Journal of Undergraduate Research (JUR) is an organization dedicated to providing the University of Rochester student body with intellectual perspectives from various academic disciplines. JUR serves as a forum for the presentation of original research, thereby encouraging the pursuit of significant scholarly endeavors.For more information, please visit the Journal of Undergraduate Research homepage.
title: The 'Hong Kong Factor': Preliminary Research on Social Media Discourses during Taiwan 2020 Presidential Election Campaign
Creators: name: Mazzeo, Eva
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: As unrest erupted in Hong Kong in June 2019, the political scenario in Taiwan started to change as well. The aim of this preliminary research is to explore the changes that have occurred on Tsai Ing-wen and Han Kuo-yu discourses on social media after the beginning of the protests in Hong Kong and throughout the 2020 presidential election campaign in Taiwan. The main argument of the article is that the “Hong Kong factor” became a popular issue in the Taiwanese context to the extent that it influenced the narrative of both the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) and the Kuomintang (KMT). In order to prove this claim, the article analyses the posts on Facebook of Tsai Ing-wen and Han Kuo-yu shared between June 2019 and January 2020, and it seeks to reveal the discourse strategies they put into practice when talking about the Hong Kong situation and comparing it with the one in Taiwan. Although some early conclusions are reached in this paper, the research is still preliminary due to the extensiveness of the topic investigated.
The enigma of Li-rich giants and its relation with temporal variations observed in radial velocity and stellar activity signals
Creators: name: Rolo, Inês
name: Mena, Elisa Delgado
name: Tsantaki, Maria
name: da Silva, João Gomes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Despite the large number of studies focused on the characterisation of Li-rich stars and understanding the mechanisms leading to such enrichment, their origin remains a mystery. Magnetic activity, particularly the phenomena usually associated with it, and the Li abundance (A(Li)) of stars, are in general thought to be connected. As of today, however, just how they are connected is unclear. In this work, we study a sample of young but evolved intermediate-mass red giants that are inhabitants of open clusters where planets have been searched for. Our aim is to use radial velocity (RV) and stellar activity indicator signals to look for relations between Li abundances and stellar activity or variability. We explored how the standard deviation (STD), peak-to-peak amplitude (PTP), mean, and median of typical stellar activity indicators (BIS, FWHM, $T_\textrm{eff}$, and H$α$ index) change as a function of the Li content of 82 red giants. Furthermore, we computed weighted Pearson correlation coefficients ($ρ_w$) between time series of RV measurements and the stellar activity indicators for the stars in our sample. To aid our results, we also studied generalized Lomb-Scargle periodograms (GLSP) to capture possible significant periodic temporal variations in our data. Our analysis indicates that the STD and PTP of BIS and FWHM, the mean and median of the H$α$ index, and $v\sin(i)$ increase exponentially with A(Li) in our sample of red giants. Significant temporal variations and correlations between RVs and activity indicators also tend to be found preferentially for stars where high A(Li) is observed. Most of the Li-rich stars in our sample either show strong correlations of RV with at least one of the stellar activity indicators or reveal significant periodic temporal variations in their GLSPs of stellar activity indicators that are consistent with those found for RV.
description: Published in A&A
title: 100% TZ Flava: Hybrid Hip Hop on the Swahili Coast
Creators: name: Sanders, Danny
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: This paper explores the hybrid nature of hip hop from Tanzania and Zanzibar on the East African Coast. First, it discusses the music known as taarab to explain the long-standing tradition of hybrid genres in this region. Then it explores how, since the 1990s, hip hop has followed a similar path of cultural assimilation to taarab, and how contemporary hip hop artists draw from both local and global influences. It also considers what hip hop means for the people of the Swahili coast and how the internet has advanced the circulation of music from this region.
title: From Victims to Colonizers: A Comparative Study of ‘Repatriated Indigenous Communities’ in Israel and Liberia
Creators: name: Spence, David M.
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: Popular discourses have painted Israelis and Liberians as two peoples who fled persecution to return to their ancestral homelands. The oppression of blacks in America and Jews in Europe is without question. However, historical analysis indicates that the migration of Americo-Liberians to West Africa and European Jews to Palestine are unique examples of settler colonialism. Previous comparative work on Israel and Liberia is almost non-existent. Therefore, my writing attempts to fill the gap in academic literature. Throughout this article, I answer the question: “How and why did these two persecuted peoples perpetuate Western colonialism?” through the lens of comparative analysis and post-colonial theory. I hope that this work will open the door for a future comparative study of Israel and Liberia, black settler colonialism, and repatriated indigenous communities. Ultimately, I will demonstrate that, although they fled America and Europe for wholly legitimate reasons, Americo-Liberians and Israelis simultaneously adopted the role of colonial aggressors in West Africa and Palestine.
Cluster Formation induced by local dielectric saturation in Restricted Primitive Model Electrolytes
Creators: name: Ribar, David
name: Woodward, Clifford E.
name: Nordholm, Sture
name: Forsman, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments using the Surface Force Apparatus (SFA) have found anomalously long ranged charge-charge underscreening in concentrated salt solutions. Meanwhile, theory and simulations have suggested ion clustering to be the possible origin of this behaviour. The popular Restricted Primitive Model of electrolyte solutions, in which the solvent is represented by a uniform relative dielectric constant, $\varepsilon_r$, is unable to resolve the anomalous underscreening seen in experiments. In this work, we modify the Restricted Primitive Model to account for local dielectric saturation within the ion hydration shell. The dielectric constant in our model locally decreases from the bulk value to a lower saturated value at the ionic surface. The parameters for the model are deduced so that typical salt solubilities are obtained. Our simulations for both bulk and slit geometries show that our model displays strong cluster formation and these give rise to long-ranged interactions between charged surfaces at distances similar to what has been observed in SFA measurements. An electrolyte model wherein the dielectric constant remains uniform does not display similar clusters, even with $\varepsilon_r$ equal to the saturated value at ion contact. Hence, the observed behaviours are not simply due to an enhanced Coulomb interaction.
title: Fairuz as a National Symbol: Popular Music, Folklore and Nationhood in 1960s Lebanon
Creators: name: Modestou, Anastasia
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: This paper examines and explores the disputes of the religious communities of Lebanon and the ways these communities are unified through the music, as well as through the on and off-stage performances of Fairuz during the twentieth century. As a world-renowned singer and as a Lebanese national symbol of the twentieth century, Fairuz has become pivotal in the formation of the religious, as well as national identities of Lebanon. The cultural characteristics, political affiliation and sense of belonging of Lebanese national identity have been extensively debated and discussed in the relevant academic work surrounding Lebanon. However, the constitution and reproduction of a religious unified Lebanese national identity through music is seldom examined. This study analyses the interrelation of national identity and popular music in Lebanon through the examination of Fairuz as a national symbol, while taking into consideration Lebanon’s brief history as a nation-state and the dispute between the different religious communities. This paper further suggests that through her music and performance, Fairuz has become a symbol for multiple identities, not only religious but also national, transcending the restrictive identification of her music and performance with her religious, communal background.
title: Let’s Make Them Hear it in Europe: The Sound of Banging Pots and Pans, the Internet and Networked Protest
Creators: name: McIntosh, Finlay
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: The internet and social media are radically changing the very nature of protests in the modern world, allowing people to connect and exchange information through new channels previously unavailable and in virtual rather than physical spaces. As music and sounds have long been an important factor in the way social movements are born, received and remembered, they too are disseminated more widely by this technology and help to motivate protests both online and offline. Through virtual fieldwork and interviews with members of London-based Chilean protest group Asamblea Chilena en Londres, I track the sound of cacerolazo—a form of popular protest involving banging pots and pans. I explore how this noise challenges and defies space, is mediated and disseminated through social media and the internet and connects individuals and communities, mobilising them both locally and globally.
Benchmarking M6 Competitors: An Analysis of Financial Metrics and Discussion of Incentives
Creators: name: Schneider, Matthew J.
name: Rankin, Rufus
name: Burman, Prabir
name: Aue, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Portfolio Management (q-fin.PM)
subject: Risk Management (q-fin.RM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The M6 Competition assessed the performance of competitors using a ranked probability score and an information ratio (IR). While these metrics do well at picking the winners in the competition, crucial questions remain for investors with longer-term incentives. To address these questions, we compare the competitors' performance to a number of conventional (long-only) and alternative indices using standard industry metrics. We apply factor models to measure the competitors' value-adds above industry-standard benchmarks and find that competitors with more extreme performance are less dependent on the benchmarks. We also uncover that most competitors could not generate significant out-performance compared to randomly selected long-only and long-short portfolios but did generate out-performance compared to short-only portfolios. We further introduce two new strategies by picking the competitors with the best (Superstars) and worst (Superlosers) recent performance and show that it is challenging to identify skill amongst investment managers. We also discuss the incentives of winning the competition compared to professional investors, where investors wish to maximize fees over an extended period of time.
description: Forecasting Competitions, M Competitions, Financial Analysis, Investment Management, Hedge Fund, Portfolio Optimization
title: Opinion Piece: Are Big Data Judgements About Health Or Personality More Accurate Than Those Made By Humans? An Anthropological Critique In Relation To The Quantified Self Movement.
Creators: name: Mohanty, Abhishek
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: The paper presents a critical anthropological gaze at the difference in accuracy between human and big data judgements on health or personality, where the latter are engendered by wearables and self-trackers. Referencing journalistic and ethnographic literature, particularly on the Quantified Self movement, it argues for a resituating of this debate in the negotiations of big data by users in the everyday. The calibrations of health and personality are lived and phenomenologically experienced, and therefore continuously constructed by as also constructing the self in the cultural. At the same time, the paper cautions that an overt focus on individual interpretation and therefore individual agency distracts at once from big data’s social and political considerations, the temporality of the question of its accuracy, as well as the separate valence it commands depending upon the level of abstraction or aggregation of the judgement. The debate then warrants a repositioning as not between human or computer-based judgments, but between the potentialities of becoming-human of big-data and becoming-big data of the user.
Topological winding guaranteed coherent orthogonal scattering
Creators: name: Guo, Cheng
name: Fan, Shanhui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Coherent control has enabled various novel phenomena in wave scattering. We introduce an effect called coherent orthogonal scattering, where the output wave becomes orthogonal to the reference output state without scatterers. This effect leads to a unity extinction coefficient and complete mode conversion. We examine the conditions for this effect and reveal its topological nature by relating it to the indivisibility between the dimension and the winding number of scattering submatrices. These findings deepen our understanding of topological scattering phenomena.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures. In press
Supplemental_Table_1 - The Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Serum Eicosapentaenoic Acid to Arachidonic Acid Ratio: An HIJ-PROPER Sub-Analysis
Creators: name: Arashi, Hiroyuki
name: Yamaguchi, Junichi
name: Kawada-Watanabe, Erisa
name: Otsuki, Hisao
name: Sekiguchi, Haruki
name: Ogawa, Hiroshi
name: Hagiwara, Nobuhisa
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Cardiology
subject: 110306 Endocrinology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: 111599 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110203 Respiratory Diseases
subject: 110323 Surgery

description: Supplemental_Table_1 for The Effects of Lipid-Lowering Therapy on Serum Eicosapentaenoic Acid to Arachidonic Acid Ratio: An HIJ-PROPER Sub-Analysis by Hiroyuki Arashi, Junichi Yamaguchi, Erisa Kawada-Watanabe, Hisao Otsuki, Haruki Sekiguchi, Hiroshi Ogawa and Nobuhisa Hagiwara in Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics
Guest Editorial: Special Topic on Software for Atomistic Machine Learning
Creators: name: Rupp, Matthias
name: Küçükbenli, Emine
name: Csányi, Gábor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A survey of the contributions to the Journal of Chemical Physics' Special Topic on Software for Atomistic Machine Learning.
Complexity Scaling of Liquid Dynamics
Creators: name: Douglass, Ian M.
name: Dyre, Jeppe C.
name: Costigliola, Lorenzo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: According to excess-entropy scaling, dynamic properties of liquids like viscosity and diffusion coefficient are determined by the entropy. This link between dynamics and thermodynamics is increasingly studied and of interest also for industrial applications, but hampered by the challenge of calculating entropy efficiently. Utilizing the fact that entropy is basically the Kolmogorov complexity, which can be estimated from optimal compression algorithms [Avinery et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 178102 (2019); Martiniani et al., Phys. Rev. X 9, 011031 (2019)], we here demonstrate that the diffusion coefficients of four simple liquids follow a quasiuniversal exponential function of the optimal compression length of a single equilibrium configuration. We conclude that "complexity scaling" has the potential to become a useful tool for estimating dynamic properties of any liquid from a single configuration.
title: Book Review: 'The Politics Of Technology In Africa' by Iginio Gagliardone
Creators: name: Cojocaru, Mihaela
Publisher: name: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London
Year: 2021

description: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), in their advancement, have added a new dimension to development approaches and became a critical element in the integration of the developing world into the global knowledge society. This review explores Iginio Gagliardone´s book, The Politics of Technology in Africa, which provides a comprehensive account of ICT adoption and adaption in Ethiopia and an experimental framework for researching ICTs on the African continent, grounded in Hecht’s concepts of technopolitics and technopolitical regime. Drawing on the history of technology, international relations, African studies, and a decade of field research, the author´s alignment of the technological and political to study the relationship between development and ICT, not only challenges the assumption that African countries are passively accepting ICTs but also avoids the pitfalls of techno-determinism. Ethiopia, as the top “Official Development Assistance (ODA)” recipient in Africa and the staunchest advocate of an alternative development state for Africa, makes for an excellent case study and foregrounds a good presentation of the recipient/donor relationship, role of the state, African agency and communication strategies.
combined_supplemental_file_R2 – Supplemental material for Addressing Challenging Mathematics Standards With At-Risk Learners: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Fractions Intervention at Third Grade
Creators: name: Fuchs, Lynn S.
name: Wang, Amber Y.
name: Preacher, Kristopher J.
name: Malone, Amelia S.
name: Fuchs, Douglas
name: Pachmayr, Rachel
Publisher: name: SAGE Journals
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 130312 Special Education and Disability
subject: FOS: Educational sciences

description: Supplemental material, combined_supplemental_file_R2 for Addressing Challenging Mathematics Standards With At-Risk Learners: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Fractions Intervention at Third Grade by Lynn S. Fuchs, Amber Y. Wang, Kristopher J. Preacher, Amelia S. Malone, Douglas Fuchs and Rachel Pachmayr in Exceptional Children
Distinguishing Surface and Bulk Electromagnetism via Their Dynamics in an Intrinsic Magnetic Topological Insulator
Creators: name: Nguyen, Khanh Duy
name: Lee, Woojoo
name: Dang, Jianchen
name: Wu, Tongyao
name: Berruto, Gabriele
name: Yan, Chenhui
name: Ip, Chi Ian Jess
name: Lin, Haoran
name: Gao, Qiang
name: Lee, Seng Huat
name: Yan, Binghai
name: Liu, Chaoxing
name: Mao, Zhiqiang
name: Zhang, Xiao-Xiao
name: Yang, Shuolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The indirect exchange interaction between local magnetic moments via surface electrons has been long predicted to bolster the surface ferromagnetism in magnetic topological insulators (MTIs), which facilitates the quantum anomalous Hall effect. This unconventional effect is critical to determining the operating temperatures of future topotronic devices. However, the experimental confirmation of this mechanism remains elusive, especially in intrinsic MTIs. Here we combine time-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements to elucidate the unique electromagnetism at the surface of an intrinsic MTI MnBi2Te4. Theoretical modeling based on 2D Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions captures the initial quenching of a surface-rooted exchange gap within a factor of two but over-estimates the bulk demagnetization by one order of magnitude. This mechanism directly explains the sizable gap in the quasi-2D electronic state and the nonzero residual magnetization in even-layer MnBi2Te4. Furthermore, it leads to efficient light-induced demagnetization comparable to state-of-the-art magnetophotonic crystals, promising an effective manipulation of magnetism and topological orders for future topotronics.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures
Yellow diode-pumped lasing of femtosecond-laser-written Dy,Tb:LiLuF4 waveguide
Creators: name: Baiocco, Davide
name: Lopez-Quintas, Ignacio
name: de Aldana, Javier R. Vázquez
name: di Maggio, Alessandro
name: Pozzi, Fabio
name: Tonelli, Mauro
name: Tredicucci, Alessandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article we report the fabrication of a diode-pumped Dy,Tb:LiLuF4 waveguide laser operating in the yellow region of the visible spectrum. The circular depressed-cladding waveguides have been fabricated by direct femtosecond laser writing, and showed propagation losses as low as 0.07 dB/cm. By employing these structures, we obtain a maximum output power of 86 mW at 574 nm from a 60 μm diameter waveguide, and a highest slope efficiency of 19% from a 80 μm diameter depressed cladding waveguide. In addition, we demonstrate lasing at 574 nm from a half-ring surface waveguide, with a maximum output power of 12 mW. Moreover, we also obtained dual wavelength operation at 568-574 nm, with a maximum output power of 15 mW, and stable lasing at 578 nm, with an output power of 100 mW. The latter wavelength corresponds to the main transition of the atomic clock based on the neutral ytterbium atom. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a yellow waveguide laser based on Dy-doped materials.
Contrasting magnetothermal conductivity in sibling Co-based honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnets
Creators: name: Ueno, Masato
name: Kurumaji, Takashi
name: Kitou, Shunsuke
name: Gen, Masaki
name: Nakamura, Yuiga
name: Tokunaga, Yusuke
name: Arima, Taka-hisa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Honeycomb-lattice antiferromagnets have attracted wide attention for exploration of exotic heat transport and their interplay with magnetic excitations. In this work, we have revealed a contrasting behavior in the magneto-thermal conductivity (MTC) between two Co-based honeycomb-lattice magnets Co4M2O9 (M = Nb, Ta), despite their identical lattice structures and quite similar magnetism. Co4Ta2O9 exhibits enhanced MTC of about 550% at 9 T of an in-plane magnetic field, comparable to other honeycomb-magnets, while MTC for Co4Nb2O9 reaches only ~30%. This marked difference is ascribed to distinct features in the field-induced evolution of magnetic excitations that resonantly scatter phonons. This finding sheds light on implicit impacts of non-magnetic ions on thermal transport, and hints at the potential for broad heat-transport tunability while preserving magnetism and lattice structures.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures, doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.110.L041116
Zero-Bit Transmission of Adaptive Pre- and De-emphasis Filters for Speech and Audio Coding
Creators: name: Piralideh, Niloofar Omidi
name: Gournay, Philippe
name: Lefebvre, Roch
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering

description: This paper introduces a novel adaptation approach for first-order pre- and de-emphasis filters, an essential tool in many speech and audio codecs to increase coding efficiency and perceived quality. The proposed zero-bit self-adaptation approach differs from classical forward and backward adaptation approaches in that the de-emphasis coefficient is estimated at the receiver, from the decoded pre-emphasized signal. This eliminates the need to transmit information that arises from forward adaptation as well as the signal-filter lag that is inherent in backward adaptation. Evaluation results show that the de-emphasis coefficient can be estimated accurately from the decoded pre-emphasized signal and that the proposed zero-bit self-adaptation approach provides comparable subjective improvement to forward adaptation.
description: This paper has been accepted by the 47th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP 2024)
Wp3 Wyred Platform Development
Creators: name: García-Peñalvo, Francisco José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: WYRED; Platform; H2020; HCI; Software Engineering

description: This presentation was made in the WYRED project kick-off meeting in Salamanca (Spain) at November 3rd, 2016. It is devoted to present the architecture proposal for WYRED platform.

This document may be cited as follow:

García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2016). WP3 WYRED Platform Development. Retrieved from http://repositorio.grial.eu/handle/grial/732. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.208374
description: García-Peñalvo, F. J. (2016). WP3 WYRED Platform Development. Retrieved from http://repositorio.grial.eu/handle/grial/732. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.208374