cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) incompletum
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) incompletum (Crawford, 1907) **
[Holotype: USNM; ♀ Mts. near Claremont, California, USA]
Lasioglossum incompletum occurs from southwestern Canada to the western USA (Gibbs 2010). This species represents a new record for the BCP and Mexico. The BBPT collected this species in several localities of Coastal Sage Matorral in May (4 ♀, 1 ♂), June (7 ♀, 2 ♂), September 2020 (2 ♀), April 2021 (1 ♀), June 2022 (1 ♀), and September 2023 (1 ♀), and Chaparral in October 2019 (1 ♂), and 2020 (3 ♂, 1 ♀). Voucher specimens are in MABC. See fig. 176.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 259, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
The Distribution of Human Capital and Economic Growth
Creators: name: Galor, Oded
name: Tsiddon, Daniel
name: Galor, Oded
name: Tsiddon, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Income Distribution
subject: Human Capital
subject: Growth
subject: Overlapping-Generations
subject: Kuznets hypothesis

description: This paper analyzes the interaction between the distribution of human capital, technological progress, and economic growth. It argues that the composition of human capital is an important factor in the determination of the pattern of economic development. The study demonstrates that the evolutionary pattern of the human capital distribution, the income distribution and economic growth are determined simultaneously by the interplay between a local home environment externality and a global technological externality. In early stages of development the local home environment externality is the dominating factor and hence the distribution of income becomes polarized, whereas in mature stages of development the global technological externality dominates and the distribution of income ultimately contracts. Polarization, in early stages of development may be a necessary ingredient for future economic growth. An economy that prematurely implements a policy designed to enhance equality may be trapped at a low stage of development. An under developed economy which values equality as well as prosperity may confront a trade-off between equality in the short-run followed by equality and stagnation in the long-run, and inequality in the short-run followed by equality and prosperity in the long-run.
Contention Window Optimization in IEEE 802.11ax Networks with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Creators: name: Wydmański, Witold
name: Szott, Szymon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Networking and Internet Architecture (cs.NI)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Signal Processing (eess.SP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: C.2.0; C.2.5
subject: 91A06, 91A10, 91A80

description: The proper setting of contention window (CW) values has a significant impact on the efficiency of Wi-Fi networks. Unfortunately, the standard method used by 802.11 networks is not scalable enough to maintain stable throughput for an increasing number of stations, yet it remains the default method of channel access for 802.11ax single-user transmissions. Therefore, we propose a new method of CW control, which leverages deep reinforcement learning (DRL) principles to learn the correct settings under different network conditions. Our method, called centralized contention window optimization with DRL (CCOD), supports two trainable control algorithms: deep Q-network (DQN) and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG). We demonstrate through simulations that it offers efficiency close to optimal (even in dynamic topologies) while keeping computational cost low.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, published in 2021 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)
The OGLE-II event sc5_2859 -- An example of disk-disk microlensing
Creators: name: Smith, M. C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new long-duration parallax event from the OGLE-II database, sc5_2859, which has the second longest time-scale ever identified (tE = 547.6{+22.6}{-7.8} days). We argue that both the lens and source reside in the Galactic disk, making event sc5_2859 one of the first confirmed examples of so-called disk-disk microlensing. We find that the source star is most probably located at a distance of D_S ~ 2 kpc, and from this we conclude that the lens is unlikely to be a main-sequence star due to the strict limits that can be placed on the lens brightness. A simple likelihood analysis is carried out on the lens mass, which indicates that the lens could be another candidate stellar mass black hole. We recommend that spectroscopic observations of the source be carried out in order to constrain the source distance, since this is the main source of uncertainty in our analysis. In addition, we briefly discuss whether there appears to be an excess of long duration microlensing events in the OGLE-II catalogue.
description: 21 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Note Added in Proof: The nature of this event has become unclear, since archival EROS data have been found that may contradict the model presented in this paper
Additional file 1 of A digital intake tool to avert outpatient visits in a FIT-based colorectal cancer screening population: study protocol of a multicentre, prospective non-randomized trial - the DIT-trial
Creators: name: Marijnissen, Fleur E.
name: de Jonge, Pieter J. F.
name: Erler, Nicole S.
name: Ismail, Sohal Y.
name: Lansdorp-Vogelaar, Iris
name: Spaander, Manon C. W.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 1: Supplementary table 1. SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: Recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol.
Exciting Collective Oscillations in a Trapped 1D Gas
Creators: name: Moritz, Henning
name: Stöferle, Thilo
name: Köhl, Michael
name: Esslinger, Tilman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on the realization of a trapped one dimensional Bose gas and its characterization by means of measuring its lowest lying collective excitations. The quantum degenerate Bose gas is prepared in a 2D optical lattice and we find the ratio of the frequencies of the lowest compressional (breathing) mode and the dipole mode to be $(ω_B/ω_D)^2\simeq3.1$, in accordance with the Lieb-Liniger and mean-field theory. For a thermal gas we measure $(ω_B/ω_D)^2\simeq4$. By heating the quantum degenerate gas we have studied the transition between the two regimes. For the lowest number of particles attainable in the experiment the kinetic energy of the system is similar to the interaction energy and we enter the strongly interacting regime.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures
Intergenerational Transfers Economic Growth and Income Distribution
Creators: name: Zilcha, Itzhak
name: Zilcha, Itzhak
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Financial Economics
Labor and Human Capital

description: We consider an Overlapping-generations economy where the aggregative production process uses physical capital and human capital. The human capital level of each individual is determined by the direct investment in education and some random "ability". The parents' investment in the education of their offspring is motivated by altruism. We distinguish between two types of transfers: Investment of parents in the education of their offspring, which affects her future income, and the direct capital transfer (the 'bequest motive). We show that the intensity of each type of altruism plays an important role on the equilibrium growth and the income distributions, but the results differ significantly. Comparing competitive equilibria from the same initial capital and human capital distributions we derive the following results: (a) When altruism is more 'education-inclined', then economic growth is higher and the intragenerational income distributions are more equal (less equal), in all periods, if the aggregate production function's elasticity of substitution is larger (smaller) than 1; (b) When altruism is more 'bequestinclined', the growth rate is lower and the impact on the intragenerational distributions of income depends on the size of the elasticity of substitution. Public provision of education (financed by taxing wage incomes) reverses the results in (b).
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gaudiale
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) gaudiale (Sandhouse, 1924)
[Holotype: USNM; ♂ La Jolla, California, USA; August]
Lasioglossum gaudiale is found in the xeric regions of southwestern USA, and northwestern Mexico. According to Gardner & Gibbs (2023), it has been collected in the Lower Colorado Desert, the Gulf Coast, and the Sarcocaulescent Shrubland. Here, we include the records of L. tegulariforme from Sandhouse & Cockerell (1924), since we consider they were records of L. gaudiale. At the time of Sandhouse & Cockerell’s work, L. gaudiale was only known from the male, and the females were likely misidentified as L. tegulariforme, which would later contribute to L. gaudiale and L. tegulariforme being incorrectly synonymized. It is possible that some old L. gaudiale records also refer to L. angelicum, L. magnitegula, or L. stictaspis, but specimens that have been examined so far have been L. gaudiale. Additionally, we reviewed three specimens collected in the Gulf Coast in September 2016 (1 ♂), and the Sarcocaulescent Shrubland in October 2018 (2 ♀; EMEC). See fig. 175.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 255, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Additional file 3 of Study protocol for a randomized, blinded, controlled trial of ketamine for acute painful crisis of sickle cell disease
Creators: name: Alshahrani, Mohammed S.
name: Asonto, Laila Perlas
name: Tahan, Mohamed M. El
name: Sulaibikh, Amal H. Al
name: Sukayna Z. Al Faraj
name: Mulhim, Abdullah A. Al
name: Abbad, Murad F. Al
name: Nahhash, Samar A. Al
name: Moath N. Aldarweesh
name: Mahmoud, Alaa M.
name: Nisreen Almaghraby
name: Jumaan, Mohammed A. Al
name: Thamir O. Al Junaid
name: Hawaj, Faisal M. Al
name: AlKenany, Samar
name: ElSayed, Omaima F.
name: Abdelwahab, Haitham M.
name: Moussa, Mohamed M.
name: Bader K. Alossaimi
name: Shaikah K. Alotaibi
name: AlMutairi, Talal M.
name: Duaa A. AlSulaiman
name: Shahrani, Saad D. Al
name: Alfaraj, Donia
name: Alhazzani, Waleed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Ketamine for acute painful crisis in sickle cell disease—pain algorithm. (DOCX 176 kb)
Solvability for Photoacoustic Imaging with Idealized Piezoelectric Sensors
Creators: name: Acosta, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 35R30, 35L05, 35R01, 92C55

description: Most reconstruction algorithms for photoacoustic imaging assume that the pressure field is measured by ultrasound sensors placed on a detection surface. However, such sensors do not measure pressure exactly due to their non-uniform directional and frequency responses, and resolution limitations. This is the case for piezoelectric sensors that are commonly employed for photoacoustic imaging. In this paper, using the method of matched asymptotic expansions and the basic constitutive relations for piezoelectricity, we propose a simple mathematical model for piezoelectric transducers. The approach simultaneously models how the pressure waves induce the piezoelectric measurements and how the presence of the sensors affects the pressure waves. Using this model, we analyze whether the data gathered by piezoelectric sensors leads to the mathematical solvability of the photoacoustic imaging problem. We conclude that this imaging problem is well-posed in certain normed spaces and under a geometric assumption. We also propose an iterative reconstruction algorithm that incorporates the model for piezoelectric measurements. A numerical implementation of the reconstruction algorithm is presented.
Lomechusini Fleming 1821
Creators: name: Maruyama, Munetoshi
name: Komatsu, Takashi
name: Katayama, Yuji
name: Song, Xiao-Bin
name: Sakchoowong, Watana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2014
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Coleoptera
Staphylinidae

description: Tribe Lomechusini Fleming   Lomechusidae Fleming, 1821: 49 (type genus: Lomechusa Gravenhorst, 1806).
description: Published as part of Maruyama, Munetoshi, Komatsu, Takashi, Katayama, Yuji, Song, Xiao-Bin & Sakchoowong, Watana, 2014, Myrmecophilous rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) associated with Aenictus hodgsoni (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Thailand, with description of two new genera and three new species, pp. 361-373 in Zootaxa 3796 (2) on page 364, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3796.2.8, http://zenodo.org/record/4915243
The influence of self -efficacy on the college choice process: A comparative study of private four -year university, public four -year university, and community college students
Creators: name: Irwin, Jennifer Vogel
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Choosing a college is a complex and multi-faceted process that is influenced by many factors. Students are primarily influenced by the institutional characteristics of colleges themselves, parental encouragement and level of education, socioeconomic status, and their own ability and achievement in high school (Hossler, Braxton, Coopersmith, 1989). Self-efficacy is the confidence in one's ability to perform or be successful at a given task (Bandura, 1997). Sources of self-efficacy include past performance, vicarious experiences of others, and social persuasion or encouragement from others. Self-efficacy has been shown to play a critical role in academic motivation, learning, and achievement but its possible role in the college choice process has not been investigated. The present study sought to discover differences in the college choice process, and the possible role of self-efficacy therein, among students attending a community college, a public four-year university, and a private four-year university. A sample of 278 undergraduate students completed a college choice survey which included 12 items from the College Self-Efficacy Inventory (Solberg, O'Brien, Villarreal, Kennel, & Davis, 1993). Subsequently, 30 students from the original sample were selected for interviews. Quantitative results indicated that the sub-groups differed in their college choice processes but not in self-efficacy. Community college students conducted less thorough and extensive college searches compared to four-year university students; however, analysis of variance revealed that the sub-groups did not significantly differ in perceptions of their self-efficacy. Qualitative results indicated that, when sources of self-efficacy are taken into account, self-efficacy is an influential part of students' college choice choices and that the sub-groups differed in the degree to which self-efficacy influences their college choice processes. Namely, performance aspects of self-efficacy, like high school GPA, mattered more for four-year university student than community college students whose college choices were, in many cases, limited by their relatively lower high school GPAs. Recommendations for future study include investigating students' college choice processes while they are still in high school which could result in an additional sub-group of non-college goers. Furthermore, there is a need for more in-depth qualitative study into the phenomenon that found self-efficacy to be more influential in the college choice process for students with relatively higher academic performance.
Free Trade and Long-Run Growth
Creators: name: Ben-David, Dan
name: Loewy, Michael B.
name: Ben-David, Dan
name: Loewy, Michael B.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: Financial Economics
International Relations/Trade

description: What is the impact on output of movement towards free trade? Can trade liberalization have a permanent effect on output levels, and more importantly, does it have an impact on steady-state growth rates? The model developed here emphasizes the role that knowledge spillovers emanating from heightened trade can have on long-run growth rates. The model also facilitates an analysis of the dynamic behavior of income levels and terms of trade - as well as growth rates - during the transition between steady states. Among the results of the model, unilateral liberalization by one country generates a positive impact on the steady-state growth of all its partners while at the same time inducing a level effect on the liberalizing country that reduces the income gap between it and other, wealthier, countries. In some cases, the liberalizing country may even leapfrog over initially wealthier countries.
The influence of self -efficacy on the college choice process: A comparative study of private four -year university, public four -year university, and community college students
Creators: name: Irwin, Jennifer Vogel
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems
classificationCode: 3904
subject: Specialist studies in education

description: Choosing a college is a complex and multi-faceted process that is influenced by many factors. Students are primarily influenced by the institutional characteristics of colleges themselves, parental encouragement and level of education, socioeconomic status, and their own ability and achievement in high school (Hossler, Braxton, Coopersmith, 1989). Self-efficacy is the confidence in one's ability to perform or be successful at a given task (Bandura, 1997). Sources of self-efficacy include past performance, vicarious experiences of others, and social persuasion or encouragement from others. Self-efficacy has been shown to play a critical role in academic motivation, learning, and achievement but its possible role in the college choice process has not been investigated. The present study sought to discover differences in the college choice process, and the possible role of self-efficacy therein, among students attending a community college, a public four-year university, and a private four-year university. A sample of 278 undergraduate students completed a college choice survey which included 12 items from the College Self-Efficacy Inventory (Solberg, O'Brien, Villarreal, Kennel, & Davis, 1993). Subsequently, 30 students from the original sample were selected for interviews. Quantitative results indicated that the sub-groups differed in their college choice processes but not in self-efficacy. Community college students conducted less thorough and extensive college searches compared to four-year university students; however, analysis of variance revealed that the sub-groups did not significantly differ in perceptions of their self-efficacy. Qualitative results indicated that, when sources of self-efficacy are taken into account, self-efficacy is an influential part of students' college choice choices and that the sub-groups differed in the degree to which self-efficacy influences their college choice processes. Namely, performance aspects of self-efficacy, like high school GPA, mattered more for four-year university student than community college students whose college choices were, in many cases, limited by their relatively lower high school GPAs. Recommendations for future study include investigating students' college choice processes while they are still in high school which could result in an additional sub-group of non-college goers. Furthermore, there is a need for more in-depth qualitative study into the phenomenon that found self-efficacy to be more influential in the college choice process for students with relatively higher academic performance.
Decentralized Framework for Medical Images Based on Blockchain and InterPlanetary File System
Creators: name: Jabarulla, Mohamed Yaseen
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80503 Networking and Communications
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Current practices regarding electronic sharing of medical image data cause privacy concerns because they rely on third-party services. In this work, we implement a secure sharing of medical image data using blockchain and a distributed file system known as Inter Planetary File System (IPFS). The image content is hashed and protected by an open asymmetric encryption technique. In addition, we use the steganography technique to encode the patient’s description on medical images to protect the originality of the image. The proposed framework eliminates third-party intermediaries for image sharing and stores secure images on the network.
A Neutron Star-White Dwarf Binary Model for Periodically Active Fast Radio Burst Sources
Creators: name: Gu, Wei-Min
name: Yi, Tuan
name: Liu, Tong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a compact binary model with an eccentric orbit to explain periodically active fast radio burst (FRB) sources, where the system consists of a neutron star (NS) with strong dipolar magnetic fields and a magnetic white dwarf (WD). In our model, the WD fills its Roche lobe at periastron, and mass transfer occurs from the WD to the NS around this point. The accreted material may be fragmented into a number of parts, which arrive at the NS at different times. The fragmented magnetized material may trigger magnetic reconnection near the NS surface. The electrons can be accelerated to an ultra-relativistic speed, and therefore the curvature radiation of the electrons can account for the burst activity. In this scenario, the duty cycle of burst activity is related to the orbital period of the binary. We show that such a model may work for duty cycles roughly from ten minutes to two days. For the recently reported 16.35-day periodicity of FRB 180916.J0158+65, our model does not naturally explain such a long duty cycle, since an extremely high eccentricity ($e>0.95$) is required.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Current statistics in the q-boson zero range process
Creators: name: Trofimova, A. A.
name: Povolotsky, A. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We obtain exact formulas of the first two cumulants of particle current in the q-boson zero range process via exact perturbative solution of the TQ-relation. The result is represented as an infinite sum of double contour integrals. We perform the asymptotic analysis of the large system size limit $N\to\infty$ of the expressions obtained. For $|q|\neq1$ the leading terms of the second cumulant reproduce the $N^{3/2}$ scaling expected for models in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class. The scaling $q\asymp\exp(-α/\sqrt{N})\to1$ corresponds to the the crossover between the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang and Edwards-Wilkinson universality classes. Under this scaling the sum converges to an integral, resulting in the crossover scaling function derived previously for the asymmetric simple exclusion process and conjectured to be universal.
description: 33 pages, 3 figures
Demographic Transition, Income Distribution and Economic Growth
Creators: name: Dahan, Momi
name: Tsiddon, Daniel
name: Dahan, Momi
name: Tsiddon, Daniel
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1996
Subjects: subject: Financial Economics
subject: Labor and Human Capital
subject: Demographic transition
subject: Income distribution
subject: Economic Growth

description: This work investigates the links between fertility choice, the dynamics of income distribution and economic growth. We use a simple model of fertility choice in conjunction with the well-documented differences in returns to human capital across rich and poor to model the co-determination of family size and investment in human capital. We show that fertility choice, income distribution, and economic growth affect each other in a way that produces an inverted U-shaped dynamics: The first stage is characterized by an increase in the average rate of fertility and widening income inequality, while income per capita may or may not grow. It is only in the second stage that the average fertility declines and income becomes more equally distributed; at this later stage the economy also becomes more human-capital abundant and growth of income per capita takes off. This model therefore comes very close to the documented facts about epochs of demographic transition with relaying neither on "near rationality" arguments nor on non-economic objectives.
Specialization and Trade: The Perspective of Club and Local Public Good Theories
Creators: name: Pines, David
name: Pines, David
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1997
Subjects: Financial Economics
Public Economics

description: This paper suggests a unified framework for explaining the potential Pareto superiority of a heterogeneous club (jurisdiction) structure over a homogeneous one when there are multiple private goods. The superiority of the heterogeneous structure has been observed by Wilson (1987) in the context of an economy with local public goods and by Gilles and Scotchmer (1996, 1997) in the context of an economy with clubs. In the unified framework suggested in this paper, the two models are combined and reduced to a simple optimization problem. The reduced model shows that the advantage of a heterogeneous structure consists of the gains from trade between differentiated jurisdictions; the disadvantage being the loss from inefficient jurisdiction size. Thus, the club and local public good theories provide a new rationale for specialization and trade among identical individuals. The unified framework is also used in showing that earlier results regarding the possibility of decentralizing the optimal allocation in the case of one private good are equally applicable to the case of multiple private goods.
Comparative analysis of different preparation methods of chalcogenide glasses: Molecular dynamics structure simulations
Creators: name: Hegedus, J.
name: Kohary, K.
name: Kugler, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Two different preparation methods (liquid-quenching and evaporation) of chalcogenide glasses have been investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. Our particular aim was to determine how the structural changes occur due to the different preparation methods. We applied a classical empirical three-body potential of selenium to describe the interactions between atoms. Our simulation shows that a significant difference can be observed in the homogeneities.
The construction of mass incarceration as a means of marginalizing Black Americans
Creators: name: Johnson, James L.
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The United States has increasingly turned to incarceration as a means of social control as evidenced by the nearly 2.2 million people locked up behind jail and prison walls. This has given the U.S. the dubious distinction of having the highest incarceration rate in the "free" world. Contrary to popular beliefs, the increase in the correctional population has not been due to an increase in crime, but more so to a function of social and political influences, specifically crime control legislation such as mandatory minimums and the war on drugs. Racial discrimination also plays a role in who enters and progresses through the criminal justice system. Racial minorities are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system in relation to their representation in the general U.S. population. Some argue that this is due to their increased involvement in crime, while others argue that it is due to unfair race discrimination. The present study examines the role criminal justice legislation has played in the increased incarceration of Black Americans, particularly Black males; investigates whether race discrimination plays a significant role in the disproportionate rate of incarceration for Black Americans; and explores whether the mass incarceration movement is being used to socially and politically marginalize Black Americans. Criminal justice data and literature suggests that race discrimination does play a role in the disproportionate incarceration of Black Americans. However, the extent of that role is undetermined. A review of the criminal justice stages also suggests that criminal justice legislation along with law enforcement practices have contributed to the increased incarceration of Black Americans. A counterfactual analysis of the 2000 Presidential election showed that had disenfranchised Black ex-offenders been allowed to vote, the outcome would have been different.
Family Structure and Deviancy: an Anomie Perspective on Youth Behavior
Creators: name: Lord John R., Espejon
name: Irish P., Bandolos
name: Alexander Gleth L., Uyanguren
name: Justine Kim B., Millana
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2025
Subjects: anomie, deviancy, family structure, youth behavior, SDG: # 16Peace Justice and Strong Institutions

description: This research delves into the intricate relationship between family structure and deviant behavioramong youth. The participants of this study were 400 volunteers/residents in three different barangays in DavaoCity, particularly the barangays Bunawan, Panacan, and Sasa. This study employs the quantitative, descriptivecorrelational research method through convenience sampling. The chi-square test is the tool that was used toanalyze the results of the study, and descriptive statistics are employed to illustrate the distributions andconnections among variables. The findings reveal significant correlations between family structure, anomie, andyouth deviance, highlighting the impact of family dynamics on adopting societal norms and values. Implicationsfor intervention strategies and policy initiatives to promote healthy family environments and mitigate youthdeviancy are discussed.
Lightning Network: a second path towards centralisation of the Bitcoin economy
Creators: name: Lin, Jian-Hong
name: Primicerio, Kevin
name: Squartini, Tiziano
name: Decker, Christian
name: Tessone, Claudio J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The Bitcoin Lightning Network (BLN), a so-called "second layer" payment protocol, was launched in 2018 to scale up the number of transactions between Bitcoin owners. In this paper, we analyse the structure of the BLN over a period of 18 months, ranging from 12th January 2018 to 17th July 2019. Here, we consider three representations of the BLN: the daily snapshot one, the weekly snapshot one and the daily-block snapshot one. By studying the topological properties of the three representations above, we find that the total volume of transacted bitcoins approximately grows as the square of the network size; however, despite the huge activity characterising the BLN, the bitcoins distribution is very unequal: the average Gini coefficient of the node strengths (computed across the entire history of the Bitcoin Lightning Network) is, in fact, ~0.88 causing the 10% (50%) of the nodes to hold the 80% (99%) of the bitcoins at stake in the BLN (on average, across the entire period). This concentration brings up the question of which minimalist network model allows us to explain the network topological structure. Like for other economic systems, we hypothesise that local properties of nodes, like the degree, ultimately determine part of its characteristics. Therefore, we have tested the goodness of the Undirected Binary Configuration Model (UBCM) in reproducing the structural features of the BLN: the UBCM recovers the disassortative and the hierarchical character of the BLN but underestimates the centrality of nodes; this suggests that the BLN is becoming an increasingly centralised network, more and more compatible with a core-periphery structure. Further inspection of the resilience of the BLN shows that removing hubs leads to the collapse of the network into many components, an evidence suggesting that this network may be a target for the so-called split attacks.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures
Additional file 1 of Factors associated with cellulitis in lymphoedema of the arm – an international cross-sectional study (LIMPRINT)
Creators: name: Burian, Ewa Anna
name: Franks, Peter J.
name: Borman, Pinar
name: Quéré, Isabelle
name: Karlsmark, Tonny
name: Keeley, Vaughan
name: Sugama, Junko
name: Cestari, Marina
name: Moffatt, Christine J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Computational Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1
The construction of mass incarceration as a means of marginalizing Black Americans
Creators: name: Johnson, James L.
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society
classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: The United States has increasingly turned to incarceration as a means of social control as evidenced by the nearly 2.2 million people locked up behind jail and prison walls. This has given the U.S. the dubious distinction of having the highest incarceration rate in the "free" world. Contrary to popular beliefs, the increase in the correctional population has not been due to an increase in crime, but more so to a function of social and political influences, specifically crime control legislation such as mandatory minimums and the war on drugs. Racial discrimination also plays a role in who enters and progresses through the criminal justice system. Racial minorities are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system in relation to their representation in the general U.S. population. Some argue that this is due to their increased involvement in crime, while others argue that it is due to unfair race discrimination. The present study examines the role criminal justice legislation has played in the increased incarceration of Black Americans, particularly Black males; investigates whether race discrimination plays a significant role in the disproportionate rate of incarceration for Black Americans; and explores whether the mass incarceration movement is being used to socially and politically marginalize Black Americans. Criminal justice data and literature suggests that race discrimination does play a role in the disproportionate incarceration of Black Americans. However, the extent of that role is undetermined. A review of the criminal justice stages also suggests that criminal justice legislation along with law enforcement practices have contributed to the increased incarceration of Black Americans. A counterfactual analysis of the 2000 Presidential election showed that had disenfranchised Black ex-offenders been allowed to vote, the outcome would have been different.
Supernova Simulations with Boltzmann Neutrino Transport: A Comparison of Methods
Creators: name: Liebendoerfer, M.
name: Rampp, M.
name: Janka, H. -Th.
name: Mezzacappa, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accurate neutrino transport has been built into spherically symmetric simulations of stellar core collapse and postbounce evolution. The results of such simulations agree that spherically symmetric models with standard microphysical input fail to explode by the delayed, neutrino-driven mechanism. Independent groups implemented fundamentally different numerical methods to tackle the Boltzmann neutrino transport equation. Here we present a direct and detailed comparison of such neutrino radiation-hydrodynamical simulations for two codes, Agile-Boltztran of the Oak Ridge-Basel group and Vertex of the Garching group. The former solves the Boltzmann equation directly by an implicit, general relativistic discrete angle method on the adaptive grid of a conservative implicit hydrodynamics code with second-order TVD advection. In contrast, the latter couples a variable Eddington factor technique with an explicit, moving-grid, conservative high-order Riemann solver with important relativistic effects treated by an effective gravitational potential. The presented study is meant to test both neutrino radiation-hydrodynamics implementations and to provide a data basis for comparisons and verifications of supernova codes to be developed in the future. Results are discussed for simulations of the core collapse and post-bounce evolution of a 13 solar mass star with Newtonian gravity and a 15 solar mass star with relativistic gravity.
description: 23 pages, 13 figures, revised version, to appear in ApJ
One-dimensional Janus fluids. Exact solution and mapping from the quenched to the annealed system
Creators: name: Maestre, M. A. G.
name: Santos, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The equilibrium properties of a Janus fluid confined to a one-dimensional channel are exactly derived. The fluid is made of particles with two faces (active and passive), so that the pair interaction is that of hard spheres, except if the two active faces are in front of each other, in which case the interaction has a square-well attractive tail. Our exact solution refers to quenched systems (i.e., each particle has a fixed face orientation), but we argue by means of statistical-mechanical tools that the results also apply to annealed systems (i.e., each particle can flip its orientation) in the thermodynamic limit. Comparison between theoretical results and Monte Carlo simulations for quenched and annealed systems, respectively, shows an excellent agreement.
description: 34 pages, 12 figures; v2: several changes and two additional figures
Effectiveness of Fast Track and Advanced Fast Track programs at Montgomery College and feasibility of expansion to other colleges and universities
Creators: name: Katiraie, Fred
Publisher: name: ProQuest
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 39
subject: Education
classificationCode: 3901
subject: Curriculum and pedagogy
classificationCode: 3903
subject: Education systems

description: In order to help students better prepare for the mandatory mathematics placement tests, some colleges have started to offer Accelerated Learning Programs. These programs offer refresher courses to enable students to review mathematics or reading skills and then to possibly reassess for placement into a higher level course--all within the same time frame as a traditional course. To this end, Montgomery College offers Fast Track and Advanced Fast Track review courses. The Fast Track review course offered at Montgomery College is a 20 hours intensive review of pre-algebra and elementary algebra topics and is intended for students who would like the opportunity to try to improve their course placement. Depending on the student's score in the Fast Track examination, a student can potentially place into a higher level mathematics course. The Advanced Fast Track review course offered at Montgomery College is a 20 hours intensive review of topics pertaining to elementary algebra and intermediate-algebra. Students who successfully complete Advanced Fast Track will be eligible to take a college level math course. A math course is considered a college level math course if it can be used to complete the course requirements for a degree at Montgomery College. The main purpose of this study was to determine if the Fast Track and Advanced Fast Track review courses at Montgomery College in Rockville, Maryland do adequately prepare students for academic success in their subsequent college level mathematics classes at Montgomery College. This research examined the longitudinal effectiveness of the Fast Track and Advanced Fast Track courses at Montgomery College. The student's success rates in the college level mathematics courses were thoroughly examined, and compared to success rates of students with similar backgrounds who did not take Fast Track/Advanced Fast Track courses. Also included in this research was a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data by utilizing the SPSS software. First attempt grades of Montgomery College students in developmental as well as college level mathematics courses from 1999 to present were gathered and analyzed. Twenty students of Montgomery College, Rockville Campus who have participated in Fast Track/Advanced Fast Track programs, and twenty students who have not were interviewed. This includes a total of nine students who have taken Fast Track and eleven students who have taken Advanced Fast Track courses.
Additional file 1 of Study protocol for a randomized, blinded, controlled trial of ketamine for acute painful crisis of sickle cell disease
Creators: name: Alshahrani, Mohammed S.
name: Asonto, Laila Perlas
name: Tahan, Mohamed M. El
name: Sulaibikh, Amal H. Al
name: Sukayna Z. Al Faraj
name: Mulhim, Abdullah A. Al
name: Abbad, Murad F. Al
name: Nahhash, Samar A. Al
name: Moath N. Aldarweesh
name: Mahmoud, Alaa M.
name: Nisreen Almaghraby
name: Jumaan, Mohammed A. Al
name: Thamir O. Al Junaid
name: Hawaj, Faisal M. Al
name: AlKenany, Samar
name: ElSayed, Omaima F.
name: Abdelwahab, Haitham M.
name: Moussa, Mohamed M.
name: Bader K. Alossaimi
name: Shaikah K. Alotaibi
name: AlMutairi, Talal M.
name: Duaa A. AlSulaiman
name: Shahrani, Saad D. Al
name: Alfaraj, Donia
name: Alhazzani, Waleed
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: SPIRIT checklist. (DOCX 45 kb)
Lasioglossum (Dialictus) knereri Gibbs 2010
Creators: name: Pedro, Diego De
name: Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara
name: Sagot, Philippe
name: López-Reyes, Eulogio
name: Mullins, Jessica L.
name: Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A.
name: Falcon-Brindis, Armando
name: Griswold, Terry
name: Ascher, John S.
name: Gardner, Joel
name: Ayala, Ricardo
name: Vides-Borrell, Eric
name: Vandame, Rémy
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: Lasioglossum (Dialictus) knereri Gibbs, 2010 **
[Holotype: PCYU; ♀ Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; May 14, 2003]
This species represents a new record for the BCP and Mexico. We examined two males collected in the Baja California Mountains in Sierra San Pedro Mártir in July 2017 (MABC). Additionally, the BBPT collected this species in the Coastal Sage Matorral in June 2020 (2 ♂, 1 ♀), and Succulent Coastal Sage in March 2021 (1 ♀). Voucher specimens are in MABC. See fig. 176.
These specimens are morphologically quite different from the type of L. knereri (possessing an enlarged, hooked tegula and much finer, denser punctation on the mesosoma) and may actually represent an undescribed species. However, DNA barcodes are indistinguishable from typical L. knereri. There is not yet sufficient evidence to consider these specimens as distinct, but such evidence might be found with dedicated taxonomic work. DNA barcodes are known to fail at species delimitation in certain cases within L. (Dialictus) (Gibbs 2018), and the complex including L. knereri, L. subversans, and L. cyaneonotus seems to be such a case, as none of these species can be reliably identified by barcodes alone. Additional genetic data might validate these specimens as distinct, along with several other morphs which seem to belong to this complex. We report these specimens as L. knereri, and not a morphospecies, because seemingly intermediate morphs exist in California, supporting the alternative hypothesis that L. knereri is simply morphologically variable.
description: Published as part of Pedro, Diego De, Ceccarelli, Fadia Sara, Sagot, Philippe, López-Reyes, Eulogio, Mullins, Jessica L., Mérida-Rivas, Jorge A., Falcon-Brindis, Armando, Griswold, Terry, Ascher, John S., Gardner, Joel, Ayala, Ricardo, Vides-Borrell, Eric & Vandame, Rémy, 2024, Revealing the Baja California Peninsula's Hidden Treasures: An Annotated checklist of the native bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila), pp. 1-391 in Zootaxa 5522 (1) on page 259, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5522.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/13920532
Lessons of spin and torsion: Reply to ``Consistent coupling to Dirac fields in teleparallelism"
Creators: name: Obukhov, Yu. N.
name: Pereira, J. G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In reply to the criticism made by Mielke in the pereceding Comment [Phys. Rev. D69 (2004) 128501] on our recent paper, we once again explicitly demonstrate the inconsistency of the coupling of a Dirac field to gravitation in the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity. Moreover, we stress that the mentioned inconsistency is generic for {\it all} sources with spin and is by no means restricted to the Dirac field. In this sense the $SL(4,R)$-covariant generalization of the spinor fields in the teleparallel gravity theory is irrelevant to the inconsistency problem.
description: Revtex, 4 pages, no figures