cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Phase and frequency entrainment in locally coupled phase oscillators with repulsive interactions
Creators: name: Giver, Michael
name: Jabeen, Zahera
name: Chakraborty, Bulbul
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Recent experiments in one and two-dimensional microfluidic arrays of droplets containing Belousov -Zhabotinsky reactants show a rich variety of spatial patterns [J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 1241-1246 (2010)]. The dominant coupling between these droplets is inhibitory. Motivated by this experimental system, we study repulsively coupled Kuramoto oscillators with nearest neighbor interactions, on a linear chain as well as a ring in one dimension, and on a triangular lattice in two dimensions. In one dimension, we show using linear stability analysis as well as numerical study, that the stable phase patterns depend on the geometry of the lattice. We show that a transition to the ordered state does not exist in the thermodynamic limit. In two dimensions, we show that the geometry of the lattice constrains the phase difference between two neighbouring oscillators to 120 degrees. We report the existence of domains with either clockwise or anti-clockwise helicity, leading to defects in the lattice. We study the time dependence of these domains and show that at large coupling strengths, the domains freeze due to frequency synchronization. Signatures of the above phenomena can be seen in the spatial correlation functions.
description: 9 pages, 12 figures
Influence of fast interstellar gas flow on dynamics of dust grains
Creators: name: Pastor, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The orbital evolution of a dust particle under the action of a fast interstellar gas flow is investigated. The secular time derivatives of Keplerian orbital elements and the radial, transversal, and normal components of the gas flow velocity vector at the pericentre of the particle's orbit are derived. The secular time derivatives of the semi-major axis, eccentricity, and of the radial, transversal, and normal components of the gas flow velocity vector at the pericentre of the particle's orbit constitute a system of equations that determines the evolution of the particle's orbit in space with respect to the gas flow velocity vector. This system of differential equations can be easily solved analytically. From the solution of the system we found the evolution of the Keplerian orbital elements in the special case when the orbital elements are determined with respect to a plane perpendicular to the gas flow velocity vector. Transformation of the Keplerian orbital elements determined for this special case into orbital elements determined with respect to an arbitrary oriented plane is presented. The orbital elements of the dust particle change periodically with a constant oscillation period or remain constant. Planar, perpendicular and stationary solutions are discussed. The applicability of this solution in the Solar system is also investigated. We consider icy particles with radii from 1 to 10 micrometers. The presented solution is valid for these particles in orbits with semi-major axes from 200 to 3000 AU and eccentricities smaller than 0.8, approximately. The oscillation periods for these orbits range from 10^5 to 2 x 10^6 years, approximately.
description: 22 pages, 3 figures; Accepted for publication in Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
The impact of access to prescription drugs on disability in eleven European countries
Creators: name: Lichtenberg, Frank R.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Drugs
Drug accessibility
People with disabilities

description: Background
Clinical studies have shown that the use of certain drugs can reduce disability. Access to prescription drugs varies across countries. Even when the total number of drugs launched in two countries is similar, the specific drugs that were launched, and the diseases those drugs are used to treat, may differ.

Objective/Hypothesis
We test the hypothesis that the larger the relative number of drugs for a disease that were launched during 1982–2015 in a country, the lower the relative disability in 2015 of patients with that disease in that country, controlling for the average level of disability in that country and from that disease, and the number of patients with the disease and their mean age.

Methods
We estimate two-way (by country and disease) fixed-effects models of several measures of disability for 31 diseases in eleven European countries using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe and from other sources.

Results
The estimates imply that drug launches during 1982–2015 reduced the probability of severe limitation in 2015 by 4.9 percentage points, from 21.8% to 16.9%; they reduced the probability of any limitation by 7.7 percentage points, from 61.1% to 53.4%; and they reduced the mean number of Activities of Daily Living limitations by about 29%. Drug launches also yielded a small increase in an index of quality of life and well-being.

Conclusions
In general, the larger the number of drugs for a disease that were launched during 1982–2015 in a country, the lower the average disability in 2015 of patients with that disease in that country, controlling for the average level of disability in that country and from that disease, and the number of patients with the disease and their mean age.
Transverse multi-mode effects on the performance of photon-photon gates
Creators: name: He, Bing
name: MacRae, Andrew
name: Han, Yang
name: Lvovsky, A. I.
name: Simon, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The multi-mode character of quantum fields imposes constraints on the implementation of high-fidelity quantum gates between individual photons. So far this has only been studied for the longitudinal degree of freedom. Here we show that effects due to the transverse degrees of freedom significantly affect quantum gate performance. We also discuss potential solutions, in particular separating the two photons in the transverse direction.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, published version
Cognitive Load Theory for debriefing simulations: implications for faculty development
Creators: name: Fraser, Kristin L.
name: Meguerdichian, Michael J.
name: Haws, Jolene T.
name: Grant, Vincent J.
name: Bajaj, Komal
name: Cheng, Adam
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Medical personnel--Training of
Synthetic training devices
Career development
Cognitive psychology

description: The debriefing is an essential component of simulation-based training for healthcare professionals, but learning this complex skill can be challenging for simulation faculty. There are multiple competing priorities for a debriefer’s attention that can contribute to a high mental workload, which may adversely affect debriefer performance and consequently learner outcomes. In this paper, we conceptualize the debriefer as a learner of debriefing skills and we discuss Cognitive Load Theory to categorize the many potential mental loads that can affect the faculty debriefer as learner. We then discuss mitigation strategies that can be considered by faculty development programmes to enhance professional development of debriefing staff.
NFDI4AIRR - Non-binding Letter of Intent
Creators: name: Busse, Christian E.
name: Dorhoi, Anca
name: Hummel, Michael
name: Küppers, Ralf
name: Pabst, Oliver
name: Polansky-Biskup, Julia
name: Schmidt, Alexander
name: Schwab, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: AIRR
subject: NFDI
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Non-binding Letter of Intent of the NFDI4AIRR consortium initiative for the German National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) Program.
SCOPE-Seq: a scalable technology for linking live cell imaging and single-cell RNA sequencing
Creators: name: Yuan, Jinzhou
name: Sheng, Jenny
name: Sims, Peter A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Imaging systems in biology
Nucleotide sequence
Microfluidics
Molecular biology

description: Optically decodable beads link the identity of a sample to a measurement through an optical barcode, enabling libraries of biomolecules to be captured on beads in solution and decoded by fluorescence. This approach has been foundational to microarray, sequencing, and flow-based expression profiling technologies. We combine microfluidics with optically decodable beads and show that phenotypic analysis of living cells can be linked to single-cell sequencing. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate the accuracy and scalability of our tool called Single Cell Optical Phenotyping and Expression sequencing (SCOPE-Seq) to combine live cell imaging with single-cell RNA sequencing.
Optomechanical transducers for quantum information processing
Creators: name: Stannigel, K.
name: Rabl, P.
name: Sørensen, A. S.
name: Lukin, M. D.
name: Zoller, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss the implementation of optical quantum networks where the interface between stationary and photonic qubits is realized by optomechanical transducers [K. Stannigel et al., PRL 105, 220501 (2010)]. This approach does not rely on the optical properties of the qubit and thereby enables optical quantum communication applications for a wide range of solid-state spin- and charge-based systems. We present an effective description of such networks for many qubits and give a derivation of a state transfer protocol for long-distance quantum communication. We also describe how to mediate local on-chip interactions by means of the optomechanical transducers that can be used for entangling gates. We finally discuss experimental systems for the realization of our proposal.
description: 26 pages, 8 figures, 1 table
Antiangular Ordering of Gluon Radiation in QCD Media
Creators: name: Mehtar-Tani, Yacine
name: Salgado, Carlos A.
name: Tywoniuk, Konrad
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate angular and energy distributions of medium-induced gluon emission off a quark-antiquark antenna in the framework of perturbative QCD as an attempt toward understanding, from first principles, jet evolution inside the quark-gluon plasma. In-medium color coherence between emitters, neglected in all previous calculations, leads to a novel mechanism of soft-gluon radiation. The structure of the corresponding spectrum, in contrast with known medium-induced radiation, retains some properties of the vacuum case; in particular, it exhibits a soft divergency. However, as opposed to the vacuum, the collinear singularity is regulated by the pair opening angle, leading to a strict angular separation between vacuum and medium-induced radiation, denoted as antiangular ordering. We comment on the possible consequences of this new contribution for jet observables in heavy-ion collisions.
description: 4 pages, 2 figures; v2. a number of minor improvements, figures updated, accepted for publication in PRL
Applying the variational principle to (1+1)-dimensional quantum field theories
Creators: name: Haegeman, Jutho
name: Cirac, J. Ignacio
name: Osborne, Tobias J.
name: Verschelde, Henri
name: Verstraete, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the recently introduced continuous matrix product state (cMPS) variational class to the setting of (1+1)-dimensional relativistic quantum field theories. This allows one to overcome the difficulties highlighted by Feynman concerning the variational procedure applied to relativistic theories, and provides a new way to regularize quantum field theories. A fermionic version of the continuous matrix product state is introduced which is manifestly free from fermion doubling and sign problems. We illustrate the power of the formalism with the simulation of free massive Dirac fermions, the Gross-Neveu model, and the Casimir effect. We find that cMPS can capture chiral symmetry breaking with absolute scaling of the chiral parameter, and that boundary effects can be accommodated with modest computational effort.
description: Proceedings of "The many faces of QCD", 1-5 Nov 2010, Ghent, Belgium; 11 pages, 5 figures. See also Phys. Rev. Lett. 105:251601 (2010)
The competition number of a graph and the dimension of its hole space
Creators: name: Kim, Suh-Ryung
name: Lee, Jung Yeun
name: Park, Boram
name: Sano, Yoshio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C75, 05C20

description: The competition graph of a digraph D is a (simple undirected) graph which has the same vertex set as D and has an edge between x and y if and only if there exists a vertex v in D such that (x,v) and (y,v) are arcs of D. For any graph G, G together with sufficiently many isolated vertices is the competition graph of some acyclic digraph. The competition number k(G) of G is the smallest number of such isolated vertices. In general, it is hard to compute the competition number k(G) for a graph G and it has been one of important research problems in the study of competition graphs to characterize a graph by its competition number. Recently, the relationship between the competition number and the number of holes of a graph is being studied. A hole of a graph is a cycle of length at least 4 as an induced subgraph. In this paper, we conjecture that the dimension of the hole space of a graph is no smaller than the competition number of the graph. We verify this conjecture for various kinds of graphs and show that our conjectured inequality is indeed an equality for connected triangle-free graphs.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures
Repelling periodic points and logarithmic equidistribution in non-archimedean dynamics
Creators: name: Okuyama, Yûsuke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: It is an open problem whether repelling periodic points are dense in the classical Julia set of a non-archimedean rational function of degree more than one. We give a partial positive answer to this question based on a study of a logarithmic equidistribution on the Berkovich projective line over non-archimedean fields.
description: To appear in Acta Arithmetica. For the preprint, please see our home page
Epidemiology of ambulance utilized patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Creators: name: Sultan, Menbeu
name: Abebe, Yonas
name: Tsadik, Assefu W.
name: Jennings, Catherine A.
name: Mould-Millman, Nee-Kofi
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Epidemiology
subject: Ambulatory medical care
subject: Emergency medical services
subject: Demography
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Background
Well organized and appropriately utilized pre-hospital emergency services play a critical role in augmenting emergency care systems. The primary objective of this study was to understand the demographic and clinical profile of patients who used ambulances in Addis Ababa. The secondary objectives were to assess ambulance response time, transport time and reasons for referral amongst inter-facility transported patients in Addis Ababa.

Methods
The study was designed as a cross-sectional retrospective chart review of ambulance transported patients using ambulance station records from Addis Ababa Fire and Emergency Prevention and Control Authority. With IRB approval, simple random sampling and manual review of six months of clinical records was performed. Data were collected by trained data collectors and descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 20.

Results
Female patients used ambulance services more often than males (female to male ratio of 3:1) and the mean age of the patients was 26 years. The most commonly transported age group was 16–30 years, followed by 31–50 years and neonatal patients (i.e.
Semantics of Typed Lambda-Calculus with Constructors
Creators: name: Petit, Barbara
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Logic in Computer Science (cs.LO)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: F.3.2, F.4.3

description: We present a Curry-style second-order type system with union and intersection types for the lambda-calculus with constructors of Arbiser, Miquel and Rios, an extension of lambda-calculus with a pattern matching mechanism for variadic constructors. We then prove the strong normalisation and the absence of match failure for a restriction of this system, by adapting the standard reducibility method.
Mapping solar system chaos with the Geological Orrery
Creators: name: Olsen, Paul E.
name: Laskar, Jacques
name: Kent, Dennis V.
name: Kinney, Sean Thomas
name: Reynolds, David J.
name: Sha, Jingeng
name: Whiteside, Jessica H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Solar system
Planets--Orbits
Chaotic behavior in systems
Astronomy

description: The Geological Orrery is a network of geological records of orbitally paced climate designed to address the inherent limitations of solutions for planetary orbits beyond 60 million years ago due to the chaotic nature of Solar System motion. We use results from two scientific coring experiments in Early Mesozoic continental strata: the Newark Basin Coring Project and the Colorado Plateau Coring Project. We precisely and accurately resolve the secular fundamental frequencies of precession of perihelion of the inner planets and Jupiter for the Late Triassic and Early Jurassic epochs (223–199 million years ago) using the lacustrine record of orbital pacing tuned only to one frequency (1/405,000 years) as a geological interferometer. Ex- cepting Jupiter’s, these frequencies differ significantly from present values as determined using three independent techniques yielding practically the same results. Estimates for the precession of perihe- lion of the inner planets are robust, reflecting a zircon U–Pb-based age model and internal checks based on the overdetermined origins of the geologically measured frequencies. Furthermore, although not indicative of a correct solution, one numerical solution closely matches the Geological Orrery, with a very low probability of being due to chance. To determine the secular fundamental frequencies of the precession of the nodes of the planets and the important secular resonances with the precession of perihelion, a contemporaneous high-latitude geological archive recording obliquity pacing of climate is needed. These results form a proof of concept of the Geological Orrery and lay out an empirical framework to map the chaotic evo- lution of the Solar System.
Creating exotic condensates via quantum-phase-revival dynamics in engineered lattice potentials
Creators: name: Buchhold, M.
name: Bissbort, U.
name: Will, S.
name: Hofstetter, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the field of ultracold atoms in optical lattices a plethora of phenomena governed by the hopping energy $J$ and the interaction energy $U$ have been studied in recent years. However, the trapping potential typically present in these systems sets another energy scale and the effects of the corresponding time scale on the quantum dynamics have rarely been considered. Here we study the quantum collapse and revival of a lattice Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in an arbitrary spatial potential, focusing on the special case of harmonic confinement. Analyzing the time evolution of the single-particle density matrix, we show that the physics arising at the (temporally) recurrent quantum phase revivals is essentially captured by an effective single particle theory. This opens the possibility to prepare exotic non-equilibrium condensate states with a large degree of freedom by engineering the underlying spatial lattice potential.
description: 9 pages, 6 figures
The impact of childhood varicella vaccination on the incidence of herpes zoster in the general population: modelling the effect of exogenous and endogenous varicella-zoster virus immunity boosting
Creators: name: Sauboin, Christophe
name: Holl, Katsiaryna
name: Bonanni, Paolo
name: Gershon, Anne A.
name: Benninghoff, Bernd
name: Carryn, Stephane
name: Burgess, Margaret A.
name: Wutzler, Peter
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Smallpox--Prevention
Varicella-zoster virus
Vaccination of children

description: Background
A controversy exists about the potential effect of childhood varicella vaccination on Herpes Zoster (HZ) incidence. Mathematical models projected temporary HZ incidence increase after vaccine introduction that was not confirmed by real-world evidence. These models assume that absence of contacts with infected children would prevent exogenous boosting of Varicella-Zoster-Virus (VZV) immunity and they do not include an endogenous VZV immunity-boosting mechanism following asymptomatic VZV reactivation. This study aims to explore the effect of various assumptions on exogenous and endogenous VZV immunity-boosting on HZ incidence in the general population after introduction of routine childhood varicella vaccination.

Methods
An age-structured dynamic transmission model was adapted and fitted to the seroprevalence of varicella in France in absence of vaccination using the empirical contact matrix. A two-dose childhood varicella vaccination schedule was introduced at 12 and 18 months. Vaccine efficacy was assumed at 65%/95% (dose 1/dose 2), and coverage at 90%/80% (dose 1/dose 2). Exogenous boosting intensity was based on assumptions regarding HZ-immunity duration, age-dependent boosting effect, and HZ reactivation rates fitted to observed HZ incidence. Endogenous boosting was the same as pre-vaccination exogenous boosting but constant over time, whilst exogenous boosting depended on the force of infection. Five scenarios were tested with different weightings of exogenous (Exo) - endogenous (Endo) boosting: 100%Exo–0%Endo, 75%Exo–25%Endo, 50%Exo–50%Endo, 25%Exo–75%Endo, 0%Exo–100%Endo.

Results
HZ incidence before varicella vaccination, all ages combined, was estimated at 3.96 per 1000 person-years; it decreased by 64% by year 80 post vaccine introduction, for all boosting assumptions. The 100%Exo-0%Endo boosting scenario, predicted an increase in HZ incidence for the first 21 years post vaccine introduction with a maximum increase of 3.7% (4.1/1000) at year 9. However, with 0%Exo-100%Endo boosting scenario an immediate HZ decline was projected. The maximum HZ incidence increases at 10, 3, and 2 years post vaccination were 1.8% (75%Exo-25%Endo), 0.8% (50%Exo-50%Endo) and 0.2% (25%Exo-75%Endo), respectively.

Conclusions
Assuming modest levels of endogenous boosting, the increase in HZ incidence following childhood varicella vaccination was smaller and lasted for a shorter period compared with 100%Exo-0%Endo boosting assumption. Endogenous boosting mechanism could partly explain the divergence between previous HZ-incidence projections and real-world evidence.
Cohomology of toric line bundles via simplicial Alexander duality
Creators: name: Jow, Shin-Yao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 14M25 (Primary), 13D45, 14Q99 (Secondary)

description: We give a rigorous mathematical proof for the validity of the toric sheaf cohomology algorithm conjectured in the recent paper by R. Blumenhagen, B. Jurke, T. Rahn, and H. Roschy (arXiv:1003.5217). We actually prove not only the original algorithm but also a speed-up version of it. Our proof is independent from (in fact appeared earlier on the arXiv than) the proof by H. Roschy and T. Rahn (arXiv:1006.2392), and has several advantages such as being shorter and cleaner and can also settle the additional conjecture on "Serre duality for Betti numbers" which was raised but unresolved in arXiv:1006.2392.
description: 9 pages. Theorem 1.1 and Corollary 1.2 improved; Abstract and Introduction modified; References updated. To appear in Journal of Mathematical Physics
Oscillatory pairing of fermions in spin-split traps
Creators: name: Sun, Kuei
name: Meyer, Julia S.
name: Sheehy, Daniel E.
name: Vishveshwara, Smitha
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As a means of realizing oscillatory pairing between fermions, we study superfluid pairing between two fermion "spin" species that are confined to adjustable spin-dependent trapping potentials. Focusing on the one-dimensional limit, we find that with increasing separation between the spin-dependent traps the fermions exhibit distinct phases, including a fully paired phase, a spin-imbalanced phase with oscillatory pairing, and an unpaired fully spin-polarized phase. We obtain the phase diagram of fermions in such a spin-split trap and discuss signatures of these phases in cold-atom experiments.
description: 5 pages, 5 figures, RevTeX
A systematic review of multi-level stigma interventions: state of the science and future directions
Creators: name: Rao, Deepa
name: Elshafei, Ahmed
name: Nguyen, Minh
name: Hatzenbuehler, Mark L.
name: Frey, Sarah
name: Go, Vivian F.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Stigma (Social psychology)
Developing countries
Globalization

description: Background
Researchers have long recognized that stigma is a global, multi-level phenomenon requiring intervention approaches that target multiple levels including individual, interpersonal, community, and structural levels. While existing interventions have produced modest reductions in stigma, their full reach and impact remain limited by a nearly exclusive focus targeting only one level of analysis.

Methods
We conducted the first systematic review of original research on multi-level stigma-reduction interventions. We used the following eligibility criteria for inclusion: (1) peer-reviewed, (2) contained original research, (3) published prior to initiation of search on November 30, 2017, (4) evaluated interventions that operated on more than one level, and (5) examined stigma as an outcome. We stratified and analyzed articles by several domains, including whether the research was conducted in a low-, middle-, or high-income country.

Results
Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles included a range of countries (low, middle, and high income), stigmatized conditions/populations (e.g., HIV, mental health, leprosy), intervention targets (e.g., people living with a stigmatized condition, health care workers, family, and community members), and stigma reduction strategies (e.g., contact, social marketing, counseling, faith, problem solving), with most using education-based approaches. A total of 12 (50%) articles examined community-level interventions alongside interpersonal and/or intrapersonal levels, but only 1 (4%) combined a structural-level intervention with another level. Of the 24 studies, only 6 (25%) were randomized controlled trials. While most studies (17 of 24) reported statistically significant declines in at least one measure of stigma, fewer than half reported measures of practical significance (i.e., effect size); those that were reported varied widely in magnitude and were typically in the small-to-moderate range.

Conclusions
While there has been progress over the past decade in the development and evaluation of multi-level stigma interventions, much work remains to strengthen and expand this approach. We highlight several opportunities for new research and program development.
A large class of non constant mean curvature solutions of the Einstein constraint equations on an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold
Creators: name: Gicquaud, Romain
name: Sakovich, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35J47, 53C21, 83C05

description: We construct solutions of the constraint equation with non constant mean curvature on an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold by the conformal method. Our approach consists in decreasing a certain exponent appearing in the equations, constructing solutions of these sub-critical equations and then in letting the exponent tend to its true value. We prove that the solutions of the sub-critical equations remain bounded which yields solutions of the constraint equation unless a certain limit equation admits a non-trivial solution. Finally, we give conditions which ensure that the limit equation admits no non-trivial solution.
description: remark on the equivalence between the existence of a solution to the Lichnerowicz equation and to the prescribed scalar curvature equation added, reference [BPB09] added, to appear in Commun. Math. Phys
Exploring effects of strong interactions in enhancing masses of dynamical origin
Creators: name: de Oca, Alejandro Cabo Montes
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A previous study of the dynamical generation of masses in massless QCD is considered from another viewpoint. The quark mass is assumed to have a dynamical origin and is substituted by a scalar field without self-interaction. The potential for the new field background is evaluated up to two loops. Expressing the running coupling in terms of the scale parameter $μ$, the potential minimum is chosen to fix $m_{top}=175$ $GeV$ when $μ_0=498 $ $MeV$. The second derivative of the potential predicts a scalar field mass of 126.76 $GeV$. This number is close to the value 114 $GeV$ which, preliminary data taken at CERN, suggested to be associated with the Higgs particle. However, the simplifying assumptions limit the validity of the calculations done, as indicated by the large value of $α=\frac {g^2}{4π}=1.077 $ obtained. However, supporting statements about the possibility of improving the scheme come from the necessary inclusion of weak and scalar field couplings and mass counterterms in the renormalization procedure, in common with the seemingly needed consideration of the massive W and Z fields, if the real conditions of the SM model are intended to be approached.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures, a numerical error was corrected as well as the values of the estimated parameters which it determined. The discussion and arguments were also improved
Вестник Кольского научного центра РАН, Выпуск 42019
Creators: name: Кольский научный центр Российской академии наук
Publisher: name: Вестник Кольского научного центра РАН
Year: 2019

description: , Выпуск 42019
description: Журнал посвящен решению проблем, связанных с фундаментальными и прикладными аспектами переработки комплексного минерального сырья, металлургическими и гидрометаллургическими процессами получения новых функциональных материалов различного назначения, методами исследования и применения материалов, утилизации отходов переработки минерального сырья, экономики и экологии новых технологических процессов, аналитического обеспечения исследований. Журнал адресован специалистам в данных областях.
Enhancement of laser cooling by the use of magnetic gradients
Creators: name: Albrecht, Andreas
name: Retzker, Alex
name: Wunderlich, Christof
name: Plenio, Martin B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a laser cooling scheme for trapped ions and atoms using a combination of laser couplings and a magnetic gradient field. In a Schrieffer-Wolff transformed picture, this setup cancels the carrier and blue sideband terms completely resulting in an improved cooling behaviour compared to standard cooling schemes (e.g. sideband cooling) and allowing cooling to the vibrational ground state. A condition for optimal cooling rates is presented and the cooling behaviour for different Lamb-Dicke parameters and spontaneous decay rates is discussed. Cooling rates of one order of magnitude less than the trapping frequency are achieved using the new cooling method. Furthermore the scheme turns out to be robust under deviations from the optimal parameters and moreover provides good cooling rates also in the multi particle case.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures
Out of the silos: identifying cross-cutting features of health-related stigma to advance measurement and intervention
Creators: name: Van Brakel, Wim H.
name: Cataldo, Janine
name: Grover, Sandeep
name: Kohrt, Brandon A.
name: Nyblade, Laura
name: Stockton, Melissa
name: Wouters, Edwin
name: Yang, Lawrence H.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Stigma (Social psychology)
Epidemiology

description: Background
Many health conditions perceived to be contagious, dangerous or incurable, or resulting in clearly visible signs, share a common attribute – an association with stigma and discrimination. While the etiology of stigma may differ between conditions and, sometimes, cultural settings, the manifestations and psychosocial consequences of stigma and discrimination are remarkably similar. However, the vast majority of studies measuring stigma or addressing stigma through interventions employ a disease-specific approach.

Main body
The current paper opposes this siloed approach and advocates a generic concept of ‘health-related stigma’ in both stigma measurement and stigma interventions. Employing a conceptual model adapted from Weiss, the current paper demonstrates the commonalities among several major stigmatized conditions by examining how several stigma measurement instruments, such as the Social Distance Scale, Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness, and Berger stigma scale, and stigma reduction interventions, such as information-based approaches, contact with affected persons, (peer) counselling, and skills building and empowerment, were used successfully across a variety of conditions to measure or address stigma. The results demonstrate that ‘health-related stigma’ is a viable concept with clearly identifiable characteristics that are similar across a variety of stigmatized health conditions in very diverse cultures.

Conclusion
A more generic approach to the study of health-related stigma opens up important practical opportunities – cross-cutting measurement and intervention tools are resource saving and easier to use for personnel working with multiple conditions, allow for comparison between conditions, and recognize the intersectionality of many types of stigma. Further research is needed to build additional evidence demonstrating the advantages and effectiveness of cross-condition approaches to stigma measurement and interventions.
Empirical Analyses of Effects and Perceptions of Cybercrime
Creators: name: Graves, James
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160510 Public Policy
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This work investigates three related topics involving some of the consequences or perceptions of cybercrime. These consequences and perceptions have important policyimplications, ranging from potentially billions of dollars in societal costs that depend on credit card reissue decisions to the perceived fairness of sentences imposed on people convicted of cybercrimes. I analyze these consequences and perceptions using a combination of legal, empirical economic, and criminological analyses. First, this work analyzes at the economics of credit card reissue after a data breach. Using a parameterized estimation model based on publicly-available information, it compares the cost ofreissuing cards to the total expected cost of fraud if cards are not reissued. The model suggests that automatically reissuing cards may have lower social costs than the costs of waiting until fraud is attempted, although the range of results is considerably broad. The results also show how alack of quality public information about data breach and identity theft can make informed public policy decisions more difficult. Second, it explores a potential misalignment between the factors that contribute to cybercrime sentences and the importance of those factors in public perceptions. It presents the results of two empirical studies that measure public perceptions of different factual attributes ofcybercrime. The studies show that Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) sentences are indeed out of alignment with the public’s views and provide empirical support for arguments that CFAA sentencing is miscategorized in the federal sentencing guidelines. Third, it addresses the question of whether CFAA subsection (a)(2), coveringunauthorized access to a computer to obtain information, should be considered a trespass, burglary, or fraud statute. It does this through an analysis of case records and sentencing data from 1,095 real-world CFAA sentences, and an experimental study of perceptions of 499 participants on Amazon Mechanical Turk. The results of both studies suggest that (a)(2) is not like trespass or fraud, at least in terms of current punishments or perceptions, and lend support to arguments that CFAA sentencing should be covered under its own section of the sentencing guidelines.
Discovery of a Significant Magnetic CV Population in the Limiting Window
Creators: name: Hong, JaeSub
name: Berg, Maureen van den
name: Grindlay, Jonathan E.
name: Servillat, Mathieu
name: Zhao, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: [Abridged] We have discovered 10 periodic X-ray sources from the 1 Ms Chandra ACIS observation of the Limiting Window (LW), a low extinction region (A_V~3.9) at 1.4 Deg south of the Galactic center. The observed periods (~1.3 to 3.4 hours) and the X-ray luminosities (10^{31.8-32.9} erg s^-1 at 8 kpc) of the 10 periodic sources, combined with the lack of bright optical counterparts and thus high X-ray-to-optical flux ratios, suggest that they are likely accreting binaries, in particular, magnetic cataclysmic variables (MCVs). All of the 10 sources exhibit a relatively hard X-ray spectrum (PLI<2 for a power law model) and X-ray spectra of at least five show an extinction larger than the field average expected from the interstellar medium in the region. The discovery of these periodic X-ray sources in the LW further supports the current view that MCVs constitute the majority of low luminosity hard X-ray sources (~10^{30-33} erg s^-1) in the Bulge. The period distribution of these sources resembles those of polars, whereas the relatively hard spectra suggest that they could be intermediate polars (IPs). These puzzling properties can be explained by unusual polars with buried magnetic fields or a rare sub-class of MCVs, nearly synchronous MCVs. These unusual MCVs may provide important clues in the evolutionary path of MCVs from IPs to polars. The completeness simulation indicates >~40% of the hard X-ray sources in the LW are periodic. Therefore, this discovery provides a first direct evidence of a large MCV population in the Bulge.
description: 15 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables, submitted to ApJ, revised in response to the referee's review
Anatomy of Urban Corruption: A Review of Official Corruption Complaints from a Mexican City
Creators: name: Grajales, Ana
name: Lagunes, Paul Felipe
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2018
Subjects: Corruption
Political corruption
Municipal government
Public administration

description: The people who partake in corruption have an incentive to hide their illicit behavior. This represents a strategic challenge to law enforcement officials across Latin American cities. A related concern is that formal claims submitted to a city’s anti-corruption agency are seldom analyzed in a systematic manner. We respond to these challenges by examining a unique (and anonymized) dataset containing 445 claims collected by an urban district government in central Mexico. First, we propose a novel typology of urban corruption, which can later be applied to analyze corruption-related claims elsewhere. As a next step, we apply this typology to study the claims submitted to the district government in question. Large agencies and the agencies responsible for regulating the construction sector are found to be most vulnerable to corruption. The district as a whole also comes across as
lacking in transparency and as struggling with bribery and kickback schemes.
The ELSO Maastricht Treaty for ECLS Nomenclature: abbreviations for cannulation configuration in extracorporeal life support - a position paper of the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization
Creators: name: Broman, Lars M.
name: Taccone, Fabio S.
name: Lorusso, Roberto
name: Malfertheiner, Maximilian V.
name: Pappalardo, Federico
name: Di Nardo, Matteo
name: Belliato, Mirko
name: Bembea, Melania M.
name: Barbaro, Ryan P.
name: Diaz, Rodrigo
name: Grazioli, Lorenzo
name: Pellegrino, Vincent
name: Mendonca, Malaika H.
name: Brodie, Daniel
name: Fan, Eddy
name: Bartlett, Robert H.
name: McMullan, Michael M.
name: Conrad, Steven A.
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Life support systems (Critical care)
Cannula
Names
Medical care

description: Background
The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Maastricht Treaty for Nomenclature in Extracorporeal Life Support (ECLS) established consensus nomenclature and abbreviations for ECLS to ensure accurate, concise communication.

Methods
We build on this consensus nomenclature by layering a framework of precise and efficient abbreviations for cannula configuration that describe flow direction, number of cannulae used, any additional ECLS-related catheters, and cannulation sites. This work is a consensus of international representatives of the ELSO, including those from the North American, Latin American, European, South and West Asian, and Asian-Pacific chapters of ELSO.

Results
The classification increases in descriptive capability by introducing a third (cannula tip position) and fourth (cannula dimension) level to those provided in the previous consensus on ECLS cannulation configuration nomenclature. This expansion offers the simplest level needed to convey cannulation information yet allows for more details when required.

Conclusions
A complete nomenclature for ECLS cannulation configurations accommodating future revisions was developed to facilitate ability to compare practices and results, to promote efficient communication, and to improve quality of registry data.
Neutrino mass constraint with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey power spectrum of luminous red galaxies and perturbation theory
Creators: name: Saito, Shun
name: Takada, Masahiro
name: Taruya, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We compare the model power spectrum, computed based on perturbation theory (PT) with the power spectrum of luminous red galaxies (LRG) measured from the SDSSDR7 catalog, assuming a flat, CDM-dominated cosmology. The model includes the effects of massive neutrinos, nonlinear matter clustering and nonlinear, scale-dependent galaxy bias in a self-consistent manner. We first test the accuracy of PT-model by comparing the model predictions with the halo power spectrum in real- and redshift-space measured from simulations without massive neutrinos. We show that the PT-model with bias parameters being properly adjusted can fairly well reproduce the simulation results. As a result the best-fit parameters obtained from the hypothetical parameter fitting recover, within statistical uncertainties, the input cosmological parameters in simulations, including an upper bound on neutrino mass, if the power spectrum information up to k~0.15h/Mpc is used. However, for the redshift-space power spectrum, the best-fit cosmological parameters show a sizable bias from the input values if using the information up to k~0.2h/Mpc, probably due to nonlinear redshift distortion effect. Given these tests, we decided, as a conservative choice, to use the LRG power spectrum up to k=0.1h/Mpc in order to minimize possible unknown nonlinearity effects. In combination with the recent results from Wilkinson Microwave Background Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), we derive a robust upper-bound on the sum of neutrino masses, given as m_nu,tot < 0.81eV (95% C.L.), marginalized over other parameters including nonlinear bias parameters and dark energy equation of state parameter. The neutrino mass limit is improved by a factor of 1.85 compared to the limit from the WMAP5 alone, m_nu,tot < 1.5eV.
description: 7 pages, 5 figures, matches version published in Phys. Rev. D
Mixed-methods evaluation of mental healthcare integration into tuberculosis and maternal-child healthcare services of four South African districts
Creators: name: Lovero, Kathryn L.
name: Lammie, Samantha L.
name: Van Zyl, André
name: Paul, Sharon N.
name: Ngwepe, Phuti
name: Mootz, Jennifer J.
name: Carlson, Catherine
name: Sweetland, Annika C.
name: Shelton, Rachel C.
name: Wainberg, Milton L.
name: Medina-Marino, Andrew
Publisher: name: Columbia University
Year: 2019
Subjects: Tuberculosis
Mental health
Mental illness
Child health services
Primary care (Medicine)--Practice

description: Background
The South African National Mental Health Policy Framework and Strategic Plan 2013–2020 was adopted to address the country’s substantial burden and inadequate treatment of mental illness. It outlines measures toward the goal of full integration of mental health services into primary care by 2020. To evaluate progress and challenges in implementation, we conducted a mixed-methods assessment of mental health service provision in tuberculosis and maternal-child healthcare services of four districts in South Africa.

Methods
Forty clinics (ten per district) were purposively selected to represent both urban and rural locations. District-level program managers (DPMs) for mental health, tuberculosis, and maternal-child healthcare were qualitatively interviewed about district policy and procedures for management of mental illness and challenges in integrating mental health services into primary care. Clinic nurses and mental health practitioners (MHPs) completed a quantitative questionnaire to assess their engagement with stepped care for patients with mental illness. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected concurrently and compared to triangulate progress in implementation of integrated services.

Results
A total of 59 nurses and 17 MHPs completed questionnaires, and nine DPMs were interviewed (total n = 85). DPMs indicated that nurses should screen for mental illness at every patient visit, although only 43 (73%) nurses reported conducting universal screening and 26 (44%) reported using a specific screening tool. For patients who screen positive for mental illness, DPMs described a stepped-care approach in which MHPs diagnose patients and then treat or refer them to specialized care. However, only 7 (41%) MHPs indicated that they diagnose mental illness and 14 (82%) offer any treatment for mental illness. Addressing challenges to current integration efforts, DPMs highlighted 1) insufficient funding and material resources, 2) poor coordination at the district administrative level, and 3) low mental health awareness in district administration and the general population.

Conclusions
Though some progress has been made toward integration of mental health services into primary care settings, there is a substantial lack of training and clarity of roles for nurses and MHPs. To enhance implementation, increased efforts must be directed toward improving district-level administrative coordination, mental health awareness, and financial and material resources.