Syneches tenebricus Menezes & Ale-Rocha, 2016, sp. nov.
Creators: name: Menezes, Isis Sá
name: Ale-Rocha, Rosaly
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2016
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Diptera
Hybotidae
Syneches
Syneches tenebricus

description: Syneches tenebricus sp. nov.
(Figs 87–91, 114, 123)
Diagnosis. Antenna yellow. Scutum high, globose, same height as mesopleuron; dark brown to black with dense reddish brown pruinescence; pleura brown with paler anepimeron. Abdomen dark brown to black. Legs yellow except fore leg with coxa, trochanter and femur brown; slender, except fore femur enlarged. Wing brown, pterostigma elongate and dark brown.
Description. Holotype ♂. Body: 3.5 mm. Wing: 3.5 mm. Head. Ocellar triangle protuberant. Face dark brown with grey pruinescence. Antenna yellow; pedicel with brown marginal elongate setae, reaching half-length of postpedicel; postpedicel dark yellow, small, ovate, 1.4 times longer than wide, as long as length of scape and pedicel combined, 1 long median dorsal seta, almost twice length of postpedicel; stylus about 3.5 times length of antenna, with short setulae and bare on distal 1/3. Proboscis light brown; palpus light brown, small, about 1/5 length of proboscis, with golden setulae and 1 apical and 1 ventral at middle long seta. Thorax. Prosternum narrow. Pronotum with elongate, dark brown and sparse marginal setae. Scutum high, globose, same height as mesopleuron; dark brown to black with dense reddish brown pruinescence; setae short, dark brown and sparse on anterior region, slightly longer on prescutellar disc; 6 series of acrostichal setae and 1 dorsocentral series. Pleura brown with lighter anepimeron and golden pruinescence. Chaetotaxy: 1 long and robust dc and 1 slender acr, half length of dc seta, on prescutellar disc; 2 long npl, anterior seta slender and close to margin of scutum, posterior seta robust; 2 pal, one long and slender, and one short, with 1/3 length of long one; scutellum with long setae, 1 robust subapical pair, 1 slender apical pair about 2/3 length of subapical pair, 3 lateral setae subequal to apical pair. Legs. Slender with anterior femur enlarged. Yellow, except fore leg with coxa, trochanter and femur brown. Fore tibia with PV row of long setae. Fore tarsomere 1 with strong setae on AV, V and PV surfaces. Mid tibia with 1 AV and 1 PV preapical seta. Mid tarsomere 1 with AV and PV rows of more robust setae. Hind tibia with 1 D and 1 PD prepical seta. Hind tarsomere 1 with 1 D apical seta. Wing (Fig. 114). Brown, darker at costal region; pterostigma dark brown, elongate and narrow; R2+3 with straight apex. Abdomen. About 2.5 times length of thorax. Dark brown to black, subshiny, with brown pruinescence. Covering setae dark brown, short and sparse dorsally, lateral and ventral setae longer and abundant. Tergite 8 short, 3.2 times wider than long (Fig. 90); sternite 8 trapezoidal, narrowed at base, with long apical setae (Fig. 91). Terminalia (Figs 87–91): elongate; hypandrium elongate, slightly narrowed distally, largely cleft apically forming two large lobes bearing short setae; epandrial lamella with robust apical thorn, dorsal margin slightly serrated on apical 1/3 and short setae; phallus short and robust with long lateral protuberances strongly sclerotized and apex shallowly concave; postgonite simple, slender, shorter than phallus (Fig. 88). Female. Unknown.
Type material. HOLOTYPE ♂ (INPA): BRASIL, Amazonas, Manaus, F[azenda] Esteio, BR-174, KM 41 / 17– 20.xii.1993, F. F. Xavier / Holótipo Syneches tenebricus, Menezes & Ale-Rocha. Specimen in good condition. PARATYPES: BRASIL. Roraima, Pacaraima, 25.vi.–5.vii.1988, Eq. J.A. Rafael, flor de Heliconia sp., 1 ♂; Amazonas, holotype same data, 5 ♂; F[azenda] P[orto] Alegre, BR-174, KM 68, 17–19.xi.1993, F.F. Xavier, 2 ♂; PDBFF /WWF, Proj. Bert Klein, i.1985, Reserva 1112, 1 ♂; idem, xi.1984, Reserva 1208, 1 ♂ (all deposited in INPA).
Geographical distribution. Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas) (Fig. 123).
Comments. Similar to S. moraballi and S. sp. 1 by having scutum high and globose, slender and yellow legs with fore femur slightly enlarged, but can be distinguished from these species and from other congeners by the unusually brown wing, besides the characters listed in the diagnosis and features of the male terminalia.
Etymology. From the Latin, tenebricus = dark, in reference to the dark wing coloration, the most conspicuous feature of this species.
description: Published as part of Menezes, Isis Sá & Ale-Rocha, Rosaly, 2016, Revision of the Amazonian species of Syneches Walker (Diptera, Hybotidae, Hybotinae), pp. 401-442 in Zootaxa 4103 (5) on pages 431-432, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.5.1, http://zenodo.org/record/267788