cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Quality and Safety From Evolution to Revolution
Creators: name: Chopard, Pierre André
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2012
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616
Quality, safety, Incident reporting, Root cause analysis, Contributory factors, Medication process, Computerised Medication Dispensing Cabinets, Adverse drug event trigger tool, surgical safety check-list, Appropriateness of admissions and of days of care, Clinical Pathways, Accountable Care Organizations

description: In order to improve safety, the organization of care is evolving from safety models centered on the individual, towards “systemic” models such as the “Swiss cheese” model developed by James Reason. I will describe how the University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG) have integrated such a model and has set up an incident reporting system. The use that can be made of such a system will then be illustrated by several case analyses, which include improvement strategies. To speak of errors invariably raises the question of disciplinary measures. Should one aim for a “Blame Free Culture” or adopt the concept of a “Just Culture”. To help managers develop a “Just Culture” and determine which errors deserve disciplinary measures, I will present the “incident decision tree”. Finally, I will explore the importance of human factors on safety through various research projects. One must not lose sight however, of the fact that safety is only one of the six dimensions of quality. The others, effectiveness, efficiency, patient-centeredness, timeliness and equity are equally important. Processes play a pivoting role in enabling one to juggle these different dimensions and thus provide optimal care. To master such processes one can look to the industry for concepts and tools. I will examine how these can be applied to reduce unjustified variability by for example developing clinical pathways. Strategies implemented to improve all aspects of health care quality are also evolving from an individual approach (centered on a practitioner or a hospital) to a more systemic one. The new challenges today are to decompartmentalize, to share expertise among the different actors (physicians, hospitals, insurance companies), to pool information vital for coordinating professionals and evaluating processes and to develop new regulation models between health care providers. The ultimate goal is not to provide more care, but care of higher value. That is why we can speak of a revolution and not merely an evolution.
MOESM1 of Urinary miR-196a predicts disease progression in patients with chronic kidney disease
Creators: name: Zhang, Changming
name: Liang, Shaoshan
name: Cheng, Shuiqin
name: Li, Wei
name: Wang, Xia
name: Zheng, Chunxia
name: Zeng, Caihong
name: Shi, Shaolin
name: Xie, Lu
name: Zen, Ke
name: Liu, Zhihong
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Pharmacology
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Marine Biology
subject: Computational Biology

description: Additional file 1. Additional methods, figures and tables.
QUCoughScope: An Artificially Intelligent Mobile Application to Detect Asymptomatic COVID-19 Patients using Cough and Breathing Sounds
Creators: name: Chowdhury, Muhammad E. H.
name: Ibtehaz, Nabil
name: Rahman, Tawsifur
name: Mekki, Yosra Magdi Salih
name: Qibalwey, Yazan
name: Mahmud, Sakib
name: Ezeddin, Maymouna
name: Zughaier, Susu
name: Al-Maadeed, Sumaya Ali S A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In the break of COVID-19 pandemic, mass testing has become essential to reduce the spread of the virus. Several recent studies suggest that a significant number of COVID-19 patients display no physical symptoms whatsoever. Therefore, it is unlikely that these patients will undergo COVID-19 test, which increases their chances of unintentionally spreading the virus. Currently, the primary diagnostic tool to detect COVID-19 is RT-PCR test on collected respiratory specimens from the suspected case. This requires patients to travel to a laboratory facility to be tested, thereby potentially infecting others along the way.It is evident from recent researches that asymptomatic COVID-19 patients cough and breath in a different way than the healthy people. Several research groups have created mobile and web-platform for crowdsourcing the symptoms, cough and breathing sounds from healthy, COVID-19 and Non-COVID patients. Some of these data repositories were made public. We have received such a repository from Cambridge University team under data-sharing agreement, where we have cough and breathing sound samples for 582 and 141 healthy and COVID-19 patients, respectively. 87 COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic, while rest of them have cough. We have developed an Android application to automatically screen COVID-19 from the comfort of people homes. Test subjects can simply download a mobile application, enter their symptoms, record an audio clip of their cough and breath, and upload the data anonymously to our servers. Our backend server converts the audio clip to spectrogram and then apply our state-of-the-art machine learning model to classify between cough sounds produced by COVID-19 patients, as opposed to healthy subjects or those with other respiratory conditions. The system can detect asymptomatic COVID-19 patients with a sensitivity more than 91%.
description: 6 page, Table 4, Figure 2
Mechanisms of radiation-induced craniofacial bone growth inhibition and possibilities of cytoprotection
Creators: name: La Scala, Giorgio
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2012
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/618
Amifostine
Amifostine/*pharmacology
Amifostine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
Animals
Bone Development
Bone Development/*drug effects/*radiation effects
Cells, Cultured
Cephalometry
Craniofacial bone growth
Cytoprotection
Dose Fractionation
Facial Bone/growth and development
Facial Bone/radiation effects
Facial Bones/drug effects/*growth & development/*radiation effects
Growth/radiation effects
Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy
Hemodynamics/*radiation effects
Histology
Histopathology
Male
Mandible/radiography
Models, Animal
Orbit
Orbit/drug effects/radiation effects
Orbit/growth & development/radiation effects/radiography
Osteoblasts/drug effects/radiation effects
Periosteum/cytology/drug effects/radiation effects
Rabbits
Rabbits/radiation effects
Radiation
Radiation Injuries, Experimental/*physiopathology
Radiation protection
Radiation Protection/drug effects
Radiation-protective agents
Radiation-Protective Agents/*pharmacology
Radiation-Protective Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
Radiation Injuries
Radiation/adverse effects
Random Allocation
Skull/growth & development/radiation effects
Skull/growth and development
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Zygoma
Zygoma/drug effects/radiation effects
Zygoma/growth & development/radiation effects/radiography

description: Malignancies are frequently located in the head and neck region in children; their management usually requires radiotherapy, which has severe consequences on the growth of the craniofacial skeleton. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of radiation in the growing craniofacial skeleton in a rabbit model in vivo and in vitro and the possibilities of growth preservation using the cytoprotective drug Amifostine. The effects of radiation were studied in a single-dose radiation model, then in a more clinically-relevant fractionated-dose radiation model. Both radiation administration modes produced significant bone growth impairment. Administration of Amifostine prior to radiation significantly preserved craniofacial growth; this did not appeared to be related to vascularity as we did not demonstrated histomorphometric vessel changes or long-lasting changes in blood flow. Amifostine- treated animals had increased osteoblast counts, and improved bone turn-over compared to unprotected animals. In vitro, Amifostine enhanced the number of surviving cells after irradiation. This work suggests that radioprotection offers a viable pathway for the prevention of radiation-induced craniofacial bone growth inhibition and ensuing deformities.
Quantum deleting and cloning in a pseudo-unitary system
Creators: name: Chen, Yucheng
name: Gong, Ming
name: Xue, Peng
name: Yuan, Haidong
name: Zhang, Chengjie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In conventional quantum mechanics, quantum no-deleting and no-cloning theorems indicate that two different and nonorthogonal states cannot be perfectly and deterministically deleted and cloned, respectively. Here, we investigate the quantum deleting and cloning in a pseudo-unitary system. We first present a pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian with real eigenvalues in a two-qubit system. By using the pseudo-unitary operators generated from this pseudo-Hermitian Hamiltonian, we show that it is possible to delete and clone a class of two different and nonorthogonal states, and it can be generalized to arbitrary two different and nonorthogonal pure qubit states. Furthermore, state discrimination, which is strongly related to quantum no-cloning theorem, is also discussed. Last but not least, we simulate the pseudo-unitary operators in conventional quantum mechanics with post-selection, and obtain the success probability of simulations. Pseudo-unitary operators are implemented with a limited efficiency due to the post-selections. Thus, the success probabilities of deleting and cloning in the simulation by conventional quantum mechanics are less than unity, which maintain the quantum no-deleting and no-cloning theorems.
description: 6 pages
Normal form of nilpotent vector field near the tip of the pure spinor cone
Creators: name: Mikhailov, Andrei
name: Zavaleta, Dennis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Pure spinor formalism implies that supergravity equations in space-time are equivalent to the requirement that the worldsheet sigma-model satisfies certain properties. Here we point out that one of these properties has a particularly transparent geometrical interpretation. Namely, there exists an odd nilpotent vector field on some singular supermanifold, naturally associated to space-time. All supergravity fields are encoded in this vector field, as coefficients in its normal form. The nilpotence implies, modulo some zero modes, that they satisfy the SUGRA equations of motion.
description: LaTeX, 22pp; v2: corrected mistakes, added explanations, new Section 7; v3: we show that the nilpotence of Q implies all SUGRA equations of motion, and discuss div Q in the Introduction
Figure S2>Success rates at different position in an array and the order of successive pecks in the control phase. from Flexible motor adjustment of pecking with an artificially extended bill in crows but not in pigeons
Creators: name: Matsui, Hiroshi
name: Ei-Ichi Izawa
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Neuroscience
subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: The dextrous foraging skills of primates, including humans, are underpinned by flexible vision-guided control of the arms/hands and even tools as body-part extensions. This capacity involves a visuomotor conversion process that transfers the locations of the hands/arms and a target in retinal coordinates into body coordinates to generate a reaching/grasping movement and to correct online. Similar capacities have evolved in birds, such as tool use in corvids and finches, which represents the flexible motor control of extended body parts. However, the flexibility of avian head-reaching and bill-grasping with body-part extensions remains poorly understood. This study comparatively investigated the flexibility of pecking with an artificially extended bill in crows and pigeons. Pecking performance and kinematics were examined when the bill extension was attached, and after its removal. The bill extension deteriorated pecking in pigeons in both performance and kinematics over 10 days. After the bill removal, pigeons started bill-grasping earlier, indicating motor adaptation to the bill extension. Contrastingly, pecking in crows was deteriorated transiently with the bill extension, but was recovered by adjusting pecking at closer distances, suggesting a quick adjustment to the bill extension. These results indicate flexible visuomotor control to extended body parts in crows but not in pigeons.
On moist potential temperatures and their ability to characterize differences in the properties of air parcels
Creators: name: Marquet, Pascal
name: Stevens, Bjorn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics (physics.ao-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Geophysics (physics.geo-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A framework is introduced to compare moist `potential' temperatures. The equivalent potential temperature, $θ_e,$ the liquid water potential temperature, $θ_\ell,$ and the entropy potential temperature, $θ_s$, are all shown to be potential temperatures, in the sense that they measure the temperatures of certain reference state systems whose entropy is the same as that of the air-parcel. They only differ in the choice of reference state composition: $θ_\ell$ describes the temperature a condensate-free state, $θ_e$ a vapor-free state, and $θ_s$ a water-free state would require to have the same entropy as the given state. Although in this sense $θ_e,$ $θ_\ell,$ and $θ_s$ are all different flavors of the same thing, only $θ_\ell$ satisfies the stricter definition of a `potential temperature', as corresponding to a reference temperature accessible by an isentropic and closed transformation of a system in equilibrium; both $θ_e$ and $θ_\ell$ measure the `relative' enthalpy of an air parcel at their respective reference states; but only $θ_s$ measures air-parcel entropy. None mix linearly, but all do so approximately, and all reduce to the dry potential temperature, $θ$ in the limit as the water mass fraction goes to zero. As is well known, $θ$ does mix linearly and inherits all the favorable (entropic, enthalpic, and potential temperature) properties of its various -- but descriptively less rich -- moist counterparts. All, involve quite complex expressions, but admit relatively simple and useful approximations. Of the three moist `potential' temperatures, $θ_s$ is the least familiar, but the most well mixed in the broader tropics, a property that merits further study as a possible basis for constraining mixing processes.
description: 19 pages, 7 figures, 2 Tables. Submitted to the Journal of Atmospheric Science on the 2nd of April, 2021. First revised version sent on the 17th of August, 2021. Second revised version sent on the 23th of November, 2021
Additional file 1: of Operationalizing atypical gaze in toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: a cohesion-based approach
Creators: name: Wang, Quan
name: Campbell, Daniel
name: Macari, Suzanne
name: Chawarska, Katarzyna
name: Shic, Frederick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Space Science
subject: Medicine
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Supplementary Information. (DOCX 374Â kb)
Surgical treatment of the occipito-cervical junction lesions
Creators: name: Tessitore, Enrico
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2012
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.8
Occipito-cervical junction
Fractures
Tumors
C1-C2 fixation

description: The occipito-cervical junction (OCJ) is defined as the transitional zone between the occipital cranial base and the upper cervical spine. It includes the occiput (C0), the atlas (C1) and the axis (C2). This region is submitted to high biomechanical stresses, being the junction between the “heavy” head and a long lever arm, the spinal column. That is the reason why this junction is frequently involved in trauma, being the fractures the most frequent pathology at that level. During my residency program, I developed a strong interest on the complexity of OCJ and on the pathologies involving it. Benign tumors, metabolic diseases and traumatic fractures of the OCJ have been the topic of several publications from within the Departments of Neurosurgery of Naples and Geneva. The following thesis is a summary of my personal interest on the OCJ.
Pilot 1: Testing Labels
Creators: name: Crozier, William
name: Sanchez, Patricia
name: Alceste, Fabiana
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2018

description: This project is a pilot test of all of the minimization themes. We have, a prior, sorted each minimization theme into a category. In this pilot study, we ask participants to rate how appropriately each theme fits into possible labels.

See attached Pre-registration document for more information
Endovascular treatments of peripheral artery disease: revascularization techniques for patients presenting with: claudication, critical and acute limb ischemias
Creators: name: Bonvini, Robert
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2012
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616
Peripheral artery disease
Angioplasty
Endovascular treatments

description: The present document will discuss in the first part the etiology, the pathophysiology, the incidence and the natural history of PAD, while in the second part the diagnostic modalities aimed for the detection and the quantification of the PAD will be reviewed. Finally in the third part of the manuscript, the most frequent three clinical scenarios (intermittent claudication, CLI, ALI) will be described, with a special attention to the endovascular approach by treating these pathologies.
HENRIQUE CARDOSO - SERGIPE.pdf
Creators: name: AGTTA CHRISTIE NUNES VASCONCELOS
name: HENRIQUE RIBEIRO CARDOSO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Law
subject: FOS: Law

description: The MERCOSUR represents an important international organism for the American continent, since, in addition to their institutional purposes for economic development and the independence of States Parties, also safeguards the protection of human rights in their commitments. The block has important mechanisms for the promotion of the fundamental rights, but they are hampered by their structure, which implies the absence of formal recognition of this organism as a member of the international system for the protection of human rights. As the Mercosur’s cooperation cannot be neglected, the present work, even though briefly, analyzes the behavior of this agency to the international systems and their practice in the protection of these rights. And by means of deductive method, from a bibliographical survey, in books and periodicals relevant to the subject is developed the discussion about the importance of the regional block Mercosur in the engagement for the protection of human rights concluding what are their challenges and possibilities. The writing consists of the introduction of the theme, 03 (three) chapters and the section containing the final considerations.
Covariant formulation of f(Q) theory
Creators: name: Zhao, Dehao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In Symmetric Teleparallel General Relativity, gravity is attributed to the non-metricity. The so-called "coincident gauge" is usually taken in this theory so that the affine connection vanishes and the metric is the only fundamental variable. This gauge choice was kept in many studies on the extensions of Symmetric Teleparallel General Relativity, such as the so-called f(Q) theory. In this paper, we point out that sometimes this will make the f(Q) theory inconsistent. To circumvent this problem, we reformulate the f(Q) theory in a covariant way with which we can find suitable non-vanishing affine connection for a given metric. We also apply this method to two important cases: the spherically symmetric spacetime and the homogeneous and isotropic expanding universe.
description: V3: matches the version published in EPJC
Additional file 1: of Procedural and documentation variations in intravenous infusion administration: a mixed methods study of policy and practice across 16 hospital trusts in England
Creators: name: Furniss, Dominic
name: Lyons, Imogen
name: Franklin, Bryony
name: Mayer, Astrid
name: Chumbley, Gillian
name: Wei, Li
name: Cox, Anna
name: Vos, Jolien
name: Galal-Edeen, Galal
name: Blandford, Ann
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer

description: ECLIPSE (Exploring the Current Landscape of Intravenous Infusion Practices & Errors): Debrief and focus group guides. This document provides the debrief and focus group guides that were developed as part of phase 1 of the ECLIPSE project. (DOC 46 kb)
THE STORY AS A GENRE OF LITERATURE
Creators: name: Ataullayeva, Sitorabonu
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024

description: This article focuses on the rise of the short story genre in literature, its different stages of development, and the works of writers who contributed to this genre. It also examines the roles of famous writers in the development of the short story genre. The article includes various descriptions provided by scholars.
Annexes from The coupon collector urn model with unequal probabilities in ecology and evolution
Creators: name: N. Zoroa
name: E. Lesigne
name: M. J. Fernández-Sáez
name: P. Zoroa
name: J. Casas
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 10202 Biological Mathematics
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This supplementary electronic material contains the Annexes of the paper: The coupon collector urn model with unequal probabilities in ecology and evolution. Zoroa, N., Lesigne, E., Fernández-Sáez, M.J., Zoroa, P. & Casas, J. Published in Journal of the Royal Society Interface.
Integrating Domain Knowledge in Data-driven Earth Observation with Process Convolutions
Creators: name: Svendsen, Daniel Heestermans
name: Piles, Maria
name: Muñoz-Marí, Jordi
name: Luengo, David
name: Martino, Luca
name: Camps-Valls, Gustau
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The modelling of Earth observation data is a challenging problem, typically approached by either purely mechanistic or purely data-driven methods. Mechanistic models encode the domain knowledge and physical rules governing the system. Such models, however, need the correct specification of all interactions between variables in the problem and the appropriate parameterization is a challenge in itself. On the other hand, machine learning approaches are flexible data-driven tools, able to approximate arbitrarily complex functions, but lack interpretability and struggle when data is scarce or in extrapolation regimes. In this paper, we argue that hybrid learning schemes that combine both approaches can address all these issues efficiently. We introduce Gaussian process (GP) convolution models for hybrid modelling in Earth observation (EO) problems. We specifically propose the use of a class of GP convolution models called latent force models (LFMs) for EO time series modelling, analysis and understanding. LFMs are hybrid models that incorporate physical knowledge encoded in differential equations into a multioutput GP model. LFMs can transfer information across time-series, cope with missing observations, infer explicit latent functions forcing the system, and learn parameterizations which are very helpful for system analysis and interpretability. We consider time series of soil moisture from active (ASCAT) and passive (SMOS, AMSR2) microwave satellites. We show how assuming a first order differential equation as governing equation, the model automatically estimates the e-folding time or decay rate related to soil moisture persistence and discovers latent forces related to precipitation. The proposed hybrid methodology reconciles the two main approaches in remote sensing parameter estimation by blending statistical learning and mechanistic modeling.
Interlayer magnetophononic coupling in MnBi2Te4
Creators: name: Padmanabhan, Hari
name: Poore, Maxwell
name: Kim, Peter
name: Koocher, Nathan Z.
name: Stoica, Vladimir A.
name: Puggioni, Danilo
name: Wang, Huaiyu
name: Shen, Xiaozhe
name: Reid, Alexander H.
name: Gu, Mingqiang
name: Wetherington, Maxwell
name: Lee, Seng Huat
name: Schaller, Richard
name: Mao, Zhiqiang
name: Lindenberg, Aaron M.
name: Wang, Xijie
name: Rondinelli, James M.
name: Averitt, Richard
name: Gopalan, Venkatraman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The emergence of magnetism in quantum materials creates a platform to realize spin-based applications in spintronics, magnetic memory, and quantum information science. A key to unlocking new functionalities in these materials is the discovery of tunable coupling between spins and other microscopic degrees of freedom. We present evidence for interlayer magnetophononic coupling in the layered magnetic topological insulator MnBi2Te4. Employing magneto-Raman spectroscopy, we observe anomalies in phonon scattering intensities across magnetic field-driven phase transitions, despite the absence of discernible static structural changes. This behavior is a consequence of a magnetophononic wave-mixing process that allows for the excitation of zone-boundary phonons that are otherwise 'forbidden' by momentum conservation. Our microscopic model based on density functional theory calculations reveals that this phenomenon can be attributed to phonons modulating the interlayer exchange coupling. Moreover, signatures of magnetophononic coupling are also observed in the time domain through the ultrafast excitation and detection of coherent phonons across magnetic transitions. In light of the intimate connection between magnetism and topology in MnBi2Te4, the magnetophononic coupling represents an important step towards coherent on-demand manipulation of magnetic topological phases.
Supplementary material from "Cultural influence of social information use in pedestrian road-crossing behaviours"
Creators: name: Pelé, Marie
name: Bellut, Caroline
name: Debergue, Elise
name: Gauvin, Charlotte
name: Jeanneret, Anne
name: Leclere, Thibault
name: Nicolas, Lucie
name: Pontier, Florence
name: Diorne Zausa
name: Sueur, Cédric
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: 170299 Cognitive Science not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: 179999 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: ;Table S1 : Statistical values (Z-value and P-value) for each GzLM. * : the light color condition is not anymore significant since the variable was tested in interaction with all other variables. Figure S1: Picture of the site “Train Station”, Strasbourg, France Figure S2: picture of the site “Pont des Corbeaux”, Strasbourg, France Figure S3: picture of the site “Place Broglie”, Strasbourg, France Figure S4: picture of the site “Train Station”, Nagoya, Japan Figure S5: picture of the site “Maruei”, Nagoya, Japan Figure S6: picture of the site “Excelco”, Nagoya, JapanFigure S7: Figure of the site “Osu-Kannon”, Nagoya, JapanFigure S8: Graphs showing the clustering results of the hierarchal clustering analysis following a Principal component analysis. a.) Factor map showing the distribution of data according to two PCA dimensions and the clusters in different colours. b.) Variables factor map showing the contributions and correlations of the different variables to the dimensions. c.) Dendogram showing how the analysis clustered data. Table S2: Variance for each dimension given by the Principal component analysisTable S3: Correlations of the variables to the dimensions given by the Principal Component AnalysisTable S4: Contributions of the variables to the dimensions given by the Principal Component AnalysisTable S5: Correlations (for quantitative variables) or regression coefficients (for qualitative ones) between varaibles and dimensions as well as ones p-values indicating how variables participate to the variance of dimensions.
A Black-Scholes user's guide to the Bachelier model
Creators: name: Choi, Jaehyuk
name: Kwak, Minsuk
name: Tee, Chyng Wen
name: Wang, Yumeng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Finance (q-fin.MF)
subject: Pricing of Securities (q-fin.PR)
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: To cope with the negative oil futures price caused by the COVID-19 recession, global commodity futures exchanges temporarily switched the option model from Black--Scholes to Bachelier in 2020. This study reviews the literature on Bachelier's pioneering option pricing model and summarizes the practical results on volatility conversion, risk management, stochastic volatility, and barrier options pricing to facilitate the model transition. In particular, using the displaced Black-Scholes model as a model family with the Black-Scholes and Bachelier models as special cases, we not only connect the two models but also present a continuous spectrum of model choices.
Supplementary material – Parameters and sensitivity analysis. In this supplementary material we provide further information about the choice and calculation of parameter values, and we describe the results of the sensitivity analysis. from Early animal farming and zoonotic disease dynamics: modelling brucellosis transmission in Neolithic goat populations
Creators: name: Fournié, Guillaume
name: Pfeiffer, Dirk U.
name: Bendrey, Robin
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Health Care
subject: Diseases
subject: 111706 Epidemiology
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: Computational Biology

description: Zoonotic pathogens are frequently hypothesized as emerging with the origins of farming, but evidence of this is elusive in the archaeological record. To explore the potential impact of animal domestication on zoonotic disease dynamics and human infection risk, we developed a model simulating the transmission of Brucella melitensis within early domestic goat populations. The model was informed by archaeological data describing goat populations in Neolithic settlements in the Fertile Crescent, and used to assess the potential of these populations to sustain the circulation of Brucella. Results show that the pathogen could have been sustained even at low levels of transmission within these domestic goat populations. This resulted from the creation of dense populations and major changes in demographic characteristics. The selective harvesting of young male goats, likely aimed at improving the efficiency of food production, modified the age and sex structure of these populations, increasing the transmission potential of the pathogen within these populations. Probable interactions between Neolithic settlements would have further promoted pathogen maintenance. By fostering conditions suitable for allowing domestic goats to become reservoirs of Brucella melitensis, the early stages of agricultural development were likely to promote the exposure of humans to this pathogen.
Dynamical nonlocality in quantum time via modular operators
Creators: name: Paiva, Ismael L.
name: Nowakowski, Marcin
name: Cohen, Eliahu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We formalize the concept of the modular energy operator within the Page and Wootters timeless framework. As a result, this operator is elevated to the same status as the more studied modular operators of position and momentum. In analogy with dynamical nonlocality in space associated with the modular momentum, we introduce and analyze the nonlocality in time associated with the modular energy operator. Some applications of our formalization are provided through illustrative examples.
description: Author's accepted version in Physical Review A
Dynamics of ranking
Creators: name: Iñiguez, Gerardo
name: Pineda, Carlos
name: Gershenson, Carlos
name: Barabási, Albert-László
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Virtually anything can be and is ranked; people, institutions, countries, words, genes. Rankings reduce complex systems to ordered lists, reflecting the ability of their elements to perform relevant functions, and are being used from socioeconomic policy to knowledge extraction. A century of research has found regularities when temporal rank data is aggregated. Far less is known, however, about how rankings change in time. Here we explore the dynamics of 30 rankings in natural, social, economic, and infrastructural systems, comprising millions of elements and timescales from minutes to centuries. We find that the flux of new elements determines the stability of a ranking: for high flux only the top of the list is stable, otherwise top and bottom are equally stable. We show that two basic mechanisms - displacement and replacement of elements - capture empirical ranking dynamics. The model uncovers two regimes of behavior; fast and large rank changes, or slow diffusion. Our results indicate that the balance between robustness and adaptability in ranked systems might be governed by simple random processes irrespective of system details.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures. SI: 40 pages, 22 figures
BARD1, a tumor suppressor, with oncogenic functions in cancer
Creators: name: Irminger, Irmgard
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 2012
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/618
BARD1
BRCA1
BRCA2
Cancer
Oncogenes
Predisposition genes
Tumor suppressors

description: Mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes predispose carriers to breast and ovarian cancer, but do not account for all cases of familial breast/ovarian cancer. BARD1 mutations are also associated with breast and ovarian cancer but are much less frequent. BARD1 and BRCA1 proteins form a stable complex, which acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitination and degradation of targets proteins essential for cell cycle control and response to DNA damage response presents part of the tumor suppressor functions of BRCA1 and BARD1. BARD1 can also be found independently of BRCA1 interacting with proteins involved in mRNA maturation, apoptosis, and mitosis, which might reflect tumor suppressor functions, but also essential functions for cell proliferation. Tumor cells express isoforms of BARD1 that cannot perform the tumor suppressor functions, and antagonize the wild type BARD1 and BRCA1. While first discovered in breast and ovarian cancer, BARD1 isoforms seem to play oncogenic roles in many epithelial cancers and could be targets for novel drug treatments and biomarkers of cancer.
Parotidectomy complications. New techniques for their objective evaluation, prevention and treatment
Creators: name: Dulguerov, Pavel
Publisher: name: Université de Genève
Year: 1999
Subjects: info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/616.8
Salivary gland
Parotid
Parotidectomy
Anatomy
Classification
History
Pleomorphic adenoma
Cancer
Surgery
Facial nerve
Paralysis
Evaluation
Videomimicography
Frey syndrome
Botox
Botulinum toxin
Prevention
Recurrence
Prognosis
Complication

description: OBJECTIVE: To review the literature on postparotidectomy complications (facial nerve paralysis, Frey syndrome, "wound complications", and recurrence) and to obtain meaningful data on their incidence, physiopathology, and favoring factors. To analyze the incidence of postparotidectomy complications in a prospective trial. To develop new objective evaluation methods for facial motor function and Frey syndrome. METHODS: Seventy patients underwent parotidectomy between April 1994 and 1998. Several improvements of standard parotidectomy were introduced in order to decrease postparotidectomy complications.
Uncertainty quantification and estimation in differential dynamic microscopy
Creators: name: Gu, Mengyang
name: Luo, Yimin
name: He, Yue
name: Helgeson, Matthew E.
name: Valentine, Megan T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) is a form of video image analysis that combines the sensitivity of scattering and the direct visualization benefits of microscopy. DDM is broadly useful in determining dynamical properties including the intermediate scattering function for many spatiotemporally correlated systems. Despite its straightforward analysis, DDM has not been fully adopted as a routine characterization tool, largely due to computational cost and lack of algorithmic robustness. We present statistical analysis that quantifies the noise, reduces the computational order and enhances the robustness of DDM analysis. We propagate the image noise through the Fourier analysis, which allows us to comprehensively study the bias in different estimators of model parameters, and we derive a different way to detect whether the bias is negligible. Furthermore, through use of Gaussian process regression (GPR), we find that predictive samples of the image structure function require only around 0.5%-5% of the Fourier transforms of the observed quantities. This vastly reduces computational cost, while preserving information of the quantities of interest, such as quantiles of the image scattering function, for subsequent analysis. The approach, which we call DDM with uncertainty quantification (DDM-UQ), is validated using both simulations and experiments with respect to accuracy and computational efficiency, as compared with conventional DDM and multiple particle tracking. Overall, we propose that DDM-UQ lays the foundation for important new applications of DDM, as well as to high-throughput characterization. We implement the fast computation tool in a new, publicly available MATLAB software package.
description: Published in Physical Review E. 24 pages, 12 figures. Typos in Section 2B are corrected
Learning Traffic Speed Dynamics from Visualizations
Creators: name: Thodi, Bilal Thonnam
name: Khan, Zaid Saeed
name: Jabari, Saif Eddin
name: Menendez, Monica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Space-time visualizations of macroscopic or microscopic traffic variables is a qualitative tool used by traffic engineers to understand and analyze different aspects of road traffic dynamics. We present a deep learning method to learn the macroscopic traffic speed dynamics from these space-time visualizations, and demonstrate its application in the framework of traffic state estimation. Compared to existing estimation approaches, our approach allows a finer estimation resolution, eliminates the dependence on the initial conditions, and is agnostic to external factors such as traffic demand, road inhomogeneities and driving behaviors. Our model respects causality in traffic dynamics, which improves the robustness of estimation. We present the high-resolution traffic speed fields estimated for several freeway sections using the data obtained from the Next Generation Simulation Program (NGSIM) and German Highway (HighD) datasets. We further demonstrate the quality and utility of the estimation by inferring vehicle trajectories from the estimated speed fields, and discuss the benefits of deep neural network models in approximating the traffic dynamics.
description: 8 pages, 9 figures; Submitted to the 2021 IEEE International Intelligent Transportation Systems Conference (ITSC)
Experimental realization of single-plaquette gauge flux insertion and topological Wannier cycles
Creators: name: Lin, Zhi-Kang
name: Wu, Ying
name: Jiang, Bin
name: Liu, Yang
name: Wu, Shiqiao
name: Li, Feng
name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Gauge fields are at the heart of the fundamental science of our universe and various materials. For instance, Laughlin's gedanken experiment of gauge flux insertion played a major role in understanding the quantum Hall effects. Gauge flux insertion into a single unit-cell, though crucial for detecting exotic quantum phases and for the ultimate control of quantum dynamics and classical waves, however, has not yet been achieved in laboratory. Here, we report on the experimental realization of gauge flux insertion into a single plaquette in a lattice system with the gauge phase ranging from 0 to 2pi which is realized through a novel approach based on three consecutive procedures: the dimension extension, creating an engineered dislocation and the dimensional reduction. Furthermore, we discover that the single-plaquette gauge flux insertion leads to a new phenomenon termed as the topological Wannier cycles, i.e., the cyclic spectral flows across multiple band gaps which are manifested as the topological boundary states (TBSs) on the plaquette. Such topological Wannier cycles emerge only if the Wannier centers are enclosed by the flux-carrying plaquette. Exploiting acoustic metamaterials and versatile pump-probe measurements, we observe the topological Wannier cycles by detecting the TBSs in various ways and confirm the single-plaquette gauge flux insertion by measuring the gauge phase accumulation on the plaquette. Our work unveils an unprecedented regime for lattice gauge systems and a fundamental topological response which could empower future studies on artificial gauge fields and topological materials.
description: All comments are welcome
Temporal evolution of a radiating star via Lie symmetries
Creators: name: Paliathanasis, Andronikos
name: Govender, Megandhren
name: Leon, Genly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work, we present for the first time the general solution of the temporal evolution equation arising from the matching of a conformally flat interior to the Vaidya solution. This problem was first articulated by Banerjee et al. (A. Banerjee, S. B. Dutta Choudhury, and Bidyut K. Bhui, Phys. Rev. D, 40 (670) 1989) in which they provided a particular solution to the temporal equation. This simple exact solution has been widely utilized in modeling dissipative collapse with the most notable result being a prediction of the avoidance of the horizon as the collapse proceeds. We study the dynamics of dissipative collapse arising from the general solution obtained via the method of symmetries and of the singularity analysis. We show that the end-state of collapse for our model is significantly different from the widely used linear solution.
description: 8 pages, 7 figures
Neural Program Repair with Execution-based Backpropagation
Creators: name: Ye, He
name: Martinez, Matias
name: Monperrus, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Neural machine translation (NMT) architectures have achieved promising results for automatic program repair. Yet, they have the limitation of generating low-quality patches (e.g., not compilable patches). This is because the existing works only optimize a purely syntactic loss function based on characters and tokens without incorporating program-specific information during neural network weight optimization. In this paper, we propose a novel program repair model called RewardRepair. The core novelty of RewardRepair is to improve NMT-based program repair with a loss function based on program compilation and test execution information, rewarding the network to produce patches that compile and that do not overfit. We conduct several experiments to evaluate RewardRepair showing that it is feasible and effective to use compilation and test execution results to optimize the underlying neural repair model. RewardRepair correctly repairs 207 bugs over four benchmarks. we report on repair success for 121 bugs that are fixed for the first time in the literature. Also, RewardRepair produces up to 45.3% of compilable patches, an improvement over the 39% by the state-of-the-art.
Quantum fluxes at the inner horizon of a near-extremal spherical charged black hole
Creators: name: Zilberman, Noa
name: Ori, Amos
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze and compute the semiclassical stress-energy flux components, the outflux $\langle T_{uu}\rangle$ and the influx $\langle T_{vv}\rangle$ ($u$ and $v$ being the standard null Eddington coordinates), at the inner horizon (IH) of a Reissner-Nordström black hole (BH) of mass $M$ and charge $Q$, in the near-extremal domain in which $Q/M$ approaches $1$. We consider a minimally-coupled massless quantum scalar field, in both Hartle-Hawking ($H$) and Unruh ($U$) states, the latter corresponding to an evaporating BH. The near-extremal domain lends itself to an analytical treatment which sheds light on the behavior of various quantities on approaching extremality. We explore the behavior of the three near-IH flux quantities $\langle T_{uu}^-\rangle^U$, $\langle T_{vv}^-\rangle^U$, and $\langle T_{uu}^-\rangle^H=\langle T_{vv}^-\rangle^H$, as a function of the small parameter $Δ\equiv\sqrt{1-(Q/M)^2}$ (where the superscript "$-$" refers to the IH value). We find that in the near-extremal domain $\langle T_{uu}^-\rangle^U\cong\langle T_{uu}^-\rangle^H=\langle T_{vv}^-\rangle^H$ behaves as $\proptoΔ^5$. In contrast, $\langle T_{vv}^-\rangle^U$ behaves as $\proptoΔ^4$, and we calculate the prefactor analytically. It therefore follows that the semiclassical fluxes at the IH neighborhood of an evaporating near-extremal spherical charged BH are dominated by the influx $\langle T_{vv}\rangle^U$. In passing, we also find an analytical expression for the transmission coefficient outside a Reissner-Nordström BH to leading order in small frequencies (which turns out to be a crucial ingredient of our near-extremal analysis). Furthermore, we explicitly obtain the near-extremal Hawking-evaporation rate ($\proptoΔ^4$), with an analytical expression for the prefactor (obtained here for the first time to the best of our knowledge). [Abridged]
description: 17 pages, 2 figures. v2: sign error fixed in Eq. A30