cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Is It Recording?—Racial Bias, Police Accountability, and the Body-Worn Camera Activation Policies of the Ten Largest Metropolitan Police Departments in the USA
Creators: name: Murphy, Julian R.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: In recent years, there has been a growing belief that the pressing problem of racial bias in policing might be ameliorated by a technical fix—namely, police body-worn cameras. Accordingly, body-worn cameras have been introduced in police departments across the country, giving rise to a variety of different internal guidelines and policies. This Note surveys the body-worn camera policies of the ten largest metropolitan police departments in the United States in order to assess their relative effectiveness at combatting racial bias. Particular attention is paid to “activation” requirements, which specify the sorts of events police officers are required to record on their cameras. The survey shows that, at present, many body-worn camera policies are not appropriately calibrated to successfully reduce racial bias in policing. In particular, this Note suggests that many current body-worn camera policies do not adequately target two different strains of racial bias: implicit racial bias and deliberate racial profiling. This Note concludes by offering a draft activation policy for potential adoption by police departments to better use body-worn cameras to reduce racially biased police practices.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
Proposed Orbital Ordering in MnV2O4 from First-principles Calculations
Creators: name: Sarkar, S.
name: Maitra, T.
name: Valenti, Roser
name: Saha-Dasgupta, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Based on density functional calculations, we propose a possible orbital ordering in MnV2O4 which consists of orbital chains running along crystallographic a and b directions with orbitals rotated alternatively by about 45 degrees within each chain. We show that the consideration of correlation effects as implemented in the local spin density approximation (LSDA)+U approach is crucial for a correct description of the space group symmetry. This implies that the correlation-driven orbital ordering has a strong influence on the structural transitions in this system. Inclusion of spin-orbit effects does not seem to influence the orbital ordering pattern. We further find that the proposed orbital arrangement favours a noncollinear magnetic ordering of V spins, as observed experimentally. Exchange couplings among V spins are also calculated and discussed.
description: Revised version. To appear in Phys. Rev. Lett
Roe on the Rez: The Case for Expanding Abortion Access on Tribal Land
Creators: name: Guzman, Heidi
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: While the courts have codified and reaffirmed the right to abortion, some state legislatures have enacted increasingly burdensome restrictions on abortion. In a number of states, there is only one abortion clinic available for thousands of people. This Note explores whether Native American tribes, as sovereigns, may establish holistic reproductive health clinics on tribal land. It analyzes abortion law in Wisconsin under the framework of Public Law 280 jurisprudence to determine that clinics in Indian Country would not be subject to state abortion regulations. This Note also explores the practical implications of a Native-owned-and-operated clinic, and concludes that these clinics would greatly increase access to safe reproductive health care for Native and non-Native people.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
Shape driven confluent rigidity transition in curved biological tissues
Creators: name: Thomas, Evan
name: Hopyan, Sevan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Collective cell motions underlie structure formation during embryonic development. Tissues exhibit emergent multicellular characteristics such as jamming, rigidity transitions, and glassy dynamics, but there remain questions about how those tissue scale dynamics derive from local cell level properties. Specifically, there has been little consideration of the interplay between local tissue geometry and cellular properties influencing larger scale tissue behaviours. Here we consider a simple two dimensional computational vertex model for confluent tissue monolayers, which exhibits a rigidity phase transition controlled by the shape index (ratio of perimeter to square root area) of cells, on a spherical surface. We show that the critical point for the rigidity transition is a function of curvature such that more highly curved systems are more likely to be in a less rigid, more fluid, phase. A phase diagram we generate for the curvature and shape index constitutes a testable prediction from the model. The curvature dependence is interesting because it suggests a natural explanation for more dynamic tissue remodelling and facile growth in regions of higher surface curvature, without invoking the need for biochemical or other physical differences. This has potential ramifications for our understanding of morphogenesis of budding and branching structures.
Quebec’s Bill 62: Legislating Difference
Creators: name: Narain, Vrinda
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: On October 18, 2017, Bill 62, whose full English title is “An Act to foster adherence to state religious neutrality and, in particular, to provide a framework for religious accommodation requests in certain bodies,” came into force in the Canadian province of Quebec. In effect, Bill 62 prohibits niqab-wearing women from giving or receiving public services. It reflects anxiety about religious minorities’ illiberal practices and discomfort with the accommodation of religious difference—the “hypervisibility” of Islamic differences in particular. Bill 62 constructs the multiculturalism and reasonable accommodation debates in a way that erases race and replaces it with culture and religion. In turn, the politics of reasonable accommodation in Quebec conceptualize racialized minorities as threats to Canadian and Quebecois national identity and casts them aside as illegitimate citizens unless they assimilate. State multiculturalism and the reasonable accommodation discourse reinforce the racial status quo by setting the terms of the debate and the limits of tolerance—the “epistemic conditions” that dissuade a close scrutiny of the state’s management of diversity. This Article offers a close analysis of Bill 62 by following a framework that is built on four pillars: (1) interrogating secularism and state neutrality; (2) foregrounding structural difference to achieve systemic equality; (3) theorizing reasonable accommodation; and (4) combatting persisting colonial and Orientalist tropes of racialized Muslim women.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
A Norms-Based Approach to Sustaining Integration
Creators: name: Waldeck, Sarah E.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: Headlines about racial polarization and a country divided obscure an important present opportunity: racial integration initiated by local community choice. These local contexts have national significance in light of census data showing that American suburbs and exurbs are perfectly positioned to integrate and can do so through local choice irrespective of what occurs at the federal level. However, integration is not preordained. Census data shows segregation decreasing within some large cities but increasing in metropolitan areas as a whole. When Blacks move to the suburbs, Whites flee to locations ever farther from the city’s center. Suburbs and exurbs, not cities, are the new ground zero for integration efforts. The stakes are high: Ferguson, Missouri, home of the 2014 protests, is a suburb from which sixty-two percent of the White population fled between 1990 and 2010. Using empirical fieldwork from a Chicago suburb that successfully integrated in the 1970’s, this Article sheds light on how norms and other behavioral phenomena fuel the dynamics of integration. When a community deliberately chooses to integrate, it generates norms that foster and sustain integration. As a norm weaves itself into the fabric of the community, it becomes even more powerful than law. The norm helps ensure that individuals within the community make integration-affirming choices, even when those choices are costly. When the norm is visible to those outside the community, it attracts new members who value integration and are likely to support the policies that foster it. Once suburbs and exurbs opt for integration instead of White flight, norms and other mainstays of behavioral law and economics allow integration to perpetuate.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 9 No. 1 (2018)
ESM file 1: Compiled Supplementary Information including: from New opabiniid diversifies the weirdest wonders of the euarthropod stem group
Creators: name: Pates, Stephen
name: Wolfe, Joanna M.
name: Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy
name: Daley, Allison C.
name: Ortega-Hernández, Javier
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: i) Extended Systematic Palaeontology; ii) Scoring strategy for tentatively identified features of Utaurora comosa; iii) Additional implications of our phylogenetic results; iv) Supplementary References; v) Supplementary Figures (1–7)
Dynamical correlation functions of the mesoscopic pairing model
Creators: name: Faribault, Alexandre
name: Calabrese, Pasquale
name: Caux, Jean-Sebastien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the dynamical correlation functions of the Richardson pairing model (also known as the reduced or discrete-state BCS model) in the canonical ensemble. We use the Algebraic Bethe Ansatz formalism, which gives exact expressions for the form factors of the most important observables. By summing these form factors over a relevant set of states, we obtain very precise estimates of the correlation functions, as confirmed by global sum-rules (saturation above 99% in all cases considered). Unlike the case of many other Bethe Ansatz solvable theories, simple two-particle states are sufficient to achieve such saturations, even in the thermodynamic limit. We provide explicit results at half-filling, and discuss their finite-size scaling behavior.
Slash-pile burning in British Columbia : management challenges, emissions uncertainties, and alternative practices
Creators: name: Nance, Eric
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: Slash-pile burning (SPB) of harvest residues continues to be a forestry management practice to reduce fuel loading and create space for planting. However, in British Columbia (BC), Canada, current estimates suggest the practice has contributed average annual greenhouse gas emissions of roughly 5 Mt CO₂e per year between 2002-2021. Furthermore, the practice prevents fiber from entering the bioeconomy, and produces substantial air pollution. This thesis aimed to answer the question: How can emissions from slash-pile burning be reduced in BC? This question was addressed using three distinct methodologies: (1) survey of BC forest professionals, (2) timber harvest modelling study evaluating the volume and location of residues generated during full-tree, clearcut harvesting in BC, and (3) an investigation of alternative practices which could feasibly replace SPB. The survey and investigation of alternatives helped to outline the current challenges of residue management in BC, including low market prices and high transportation and processing costs, challenging access to cutting areas with biomass trucks, and policy constraints impeding business-to-business opportunities for secondary utilization of residues. Next, timber cruising data were used to simulate residue production for 28 forest licenses across the province, using the FPInterface model. The analysis was carried out for the Coast, North, and South forest areas, and it was found that roughly 74 to 92% of merchantable harvest volume will be removed during harvest, while the remaining round wood will be left in the cutting area, along with the tops, branches, and foliage. It was also found that, of the total residue generated during harvesting, 69 to 80% will be delivered to the roadside for full-tree harvest systems. Finally, the investigation of alternatives identified 7 categories of alternative residue management practices which could feasibly replace SPB in the province. All the alternatives identified are expected to provide emissions reductions relative to SPB, while some also provide ecological benefits, or bioeconomy opportunities. This thesis demonstrates that current SPB emissions estimates are reliable, there are many alternative practices which can replace SPB in BC, and support will be needed to help promote a shift in management towards these more sustainable alternatives.
Building resources for GC-Orbitrap MS chemical exposomics & metabolomics
Creators: name: Price, Elliott J.
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021

description: Presentation given at RECETOX seminar series on 14.9.2021 (https://www.recetox.muni.cz/student/seminare/recetox-seminar-series).
description: Research Infrastructure RECETOX RI (No LM2018121) financed by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, and Operational Programme Research, Development and Innovation - project CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE (No CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_043/0009632).
On the use of asymptotically motivated gauge functions to obtain convergent series solutions to nonlinear ODEs
Creators: name: Naghshineh, Nastaran
name: Reinberger, W. Cade
name: Barlow, Nathaniel S.
name: Samaha, Mohamed A.
name: Weinstein, Steven J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the power series solutions of two classical nonlinear ordinary differential equations of fluid mechanics that are mathematically related by their large-distance asymptotic behaviors in semi-infinite domains. The first problem is that of the "Sakiadis" boundary layer over a moving flat wall, for which no exact analytic solution has been put forward. The second problem is that of a static air-liquid meniscus with surface tension that intersects a flat wall at a given contact angle and limits to a flat pool away from the wall. For the latter problem, the exact analytic solution -- given as distance from the wall as function of meniscus height -- has long been known (Batchelor, 1967). Here, we provide an explicit solution as meniscus height vs. distance from the wall to elucidate structural similarities to the Sakiadis boundary layer. Although power series solutions are readily obtainable to the governing nonlinear ordinary differential equations, we show that -- in both problems -- the series diverge due to non-physical complex or negative real-valued singularities. In both cases, these singularities can be moved by expanding in exponential gauge functions motivated by their respective large distance asymptotic behaviors to enable series convergence over their full semi-infinite domains. For the Sakiadis problem, this not only provides a convergent Taylor series (and conjectured exact) solution to the ODE, but also a means to evaluate the wall shear parameter (and other properties) to within any desired precision. Although the nature of nonlinear ODEs precludes general conclusions, our results indicate that asymptotic behaviors can be useful when proposing variable transformations to overcome power series divergence.
Collective modes of trapped Fermi gases with in-medium interaction
Creators: name: Chiacchiera, S.
name: Lepers, T.
name: Urban, M.
name: Davesne, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Due to Pauli blocking of intermediate states, the scattering matrix (or $T$ matrix) of two fermionic atoms in a Fermi gas becomes different from that of two atoms in free space. This effect becomes particularly important near a Feshbach resonance, where the interaction in free space is very strong but becomes effectively suppressed in the medium. We calculate the in-medium $T$ matrix in ladder approximation and study its effects on the properties of collective modes of a trapped gas in the normal-fluid phase. We introduce the in-medium interaction on both sides of the Boltzmann equation, namely in the calculation of the mean field and in the calculation of the collision rate. This allows us to explain the observed upward shift of the frequency of the quadrupole mode in the collisionless regime. By including the mean field, we also improve considerably the agreement with the measured temperature dependence of frequency and damping rate of the scissors mode, whereas the use of the in-medium cross section deteriorates the description, in agreement with previous work.
description: 17 pages
Correlation functions of the Bjorken flow in the holographic Schwinger-Keldysh approach
Creators: name: Banerjee, Avik
name: Mitra, Toshali
name: Mukhopadhyay, Ayan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the outstanding problems in the holographic approach to many-body physics is the explicit computation of correlation functions in nonequilibrium states. We provide a new and simple proof that the horizon cap prescription of Crossley-Glorioso-Liu for implementing the thermal Schwinger-Keldysh contour in the bulk is consistent with the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger periodicity and the ingoing boundary condition for the retarded propagator at any arbitrary frequency and momentum. The generalization to the hydrodynamic Bjorken flow is achieved by a Weyl rescaling in which the dual black hole's event horizon attains a constant surface gravity and area at late time although the directions longitudinal and transverse to the flow expands and contract respectively. The dual state's temperature and entropy density thus become constants (instead of the perfect fluid expansion) although no time-translation symmetry emerges at late time. Undoing the Weyl rescaling, the correlation functions can be computed systematically in a large proper time expansion in inverse powers of the average of the two reparametrized proper time arguments. The horizon cap has to be pinned to the nonequilibrium event horizon so that regularity and consistency conditions are satisfied. Consequently, in the limit of perfect fluid expansion, the Schwinger-Keldysh correlation functions with space-time reparametrized arguments are simply thermal at an appropriate temperature. A generalized bilocal thermal structure holds to all orders. We argue that the Stokes data (which are functions rather than constants) for the hydrodynamic correlation functions can decode the quantum fluctuations behind the horizon cap pinned to the evolving event horizon, and thus the initial data.
description: 59+11 pages; 4 figures; Summary of results in section 1.C expanded and improved, summary of section 5 presented at the beginning of this section, matches journal version
Socioeconomic and Racial Disparities in Public Special Education: Alleviating Decades of Unequal Enforcement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act in New York City
Creators: name: Gumas, Nicholas
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: After a long history of neglecting children with special needs, Congress enacted the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) to grant every child with a qualifying disability the right to a free and appropriate public education. To ensure local compliance, the IDEA created a private right of action through which parents may sue their school district for failing to offer an adequate education for their child. If successful, these parents, may then send their child to a private school at the expense of their local government. Private enforcement of the IDEA has helped equalize educational opportunities for wealthy children whose parents can afford to commit to the financial, emotional, and physical costs of suing the government, but children of less affluent families who cannot afford to make similar commitments are often left behind when a school district fails to adhere to the IDEA’s mandate. As a result, large special educational disparities exist in segregated school districts between wealthy, predominantly white families and less affluent, predominantly non-white families. State and local governments have mostly limited their efforts to fully achieve the IDEA’s goal by implementing voucher programs, which allow only a handful of low-income children to enjoy the educational opportunities afforded to their wealthier peers. Under Mayor Bill De Blasio, New York City took a different approach and began settling most IDEA claims to effectively lower the procedural barrier for parents. Much like vouchers, however, De Blasio’s policy fails to address the underlying issue: The IDEA’s reliance on private enforcement will continue to fail those who historically have been deliberately excluded from the full social and economic benefits of white citizenship. State and local governments must go beyond tinkering with the accessibility of the private enforcement mechanism and instead invest financial resources to equalize educational opportunity through public enforcement of the IDEA. This Note assesses potential state and local policy reforms to secure expanded special education opportunity and discusses how New York City can begin to effectively lead in IDEA public enforcement.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Supplementary Table S1 from New opabiniid diversifies the weirdest wonders of the euarthropod stem group
Creators: name: Pates, Stephen
name: Wolfe, Joanna M.
name: Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy
name: Daley, Allison C.
name: Ortega-Hernández, Javier
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 40308 Palaeontology (incl. Palynology)
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: Number of trees bearing each bipartition of interest under different analytical regimes, with the total number of trees retrieved by each analysis in the last row. Categories are not mutually exclusive (e.g. Opabinia + Deuteropoda contains Opabinia only and Deuteropoda only trees), therefore the total of all rows exceeds the total number of trees in the analysis.
DATAWEAVER: Authoring Data-Driven Narratives through the Integrated Composition of Visualization and Text
Creators: name: Fu, Yu
name: Bromley, Dennis
name: Setlur, Vidya
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.5.2; I.3.6

description: Data-driven storytelling has gained prominence in journalism and other data reporting fields. However, the process of creating these stories remains challenging, often requiring the integration of effective visualizations with compelling narratives to form a cohesive, interactive presentation. To help streamline this process, we present an integrated authoring framework and system, DataWeaver, that supports both visualization-to-text and text-to-visualization composition. DataWeaver enables users to create data narratives anchored to data facts derived from "call-out" interactions, i.e., user-initiated highlights of visualization elements that prompt relevant narrative content. In addition to this "vis-to-text" composition, DataWeaver also supports a "text-initiated" approach, generating relevant interactive visualizations from existing narratives. Key findings from an evaluation with 13 participants highlighted the utility and usability of DataWeaver and the effectiveness of its integrated authoring framework. The evaluation also revealed opportunities to enhance the framework by refining filtering mechanisms and visualization recommendations and better support authoring creativity by introducing advanced customization options.
description: Accepted to EuroVis 2025. Published in Computer Graphics Forum. DOI: 10.1111/cgf.70098
Liophis cobella DB.
Creators: name: Müller, F
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1885
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Squamata
Ophidia
Colubridae
Liophis
Liophis cobella

description: Liophis cobella DB.
Süd-America v. F M. [1]
description: Published as part of Müller, F, 1885, Vierter Nachtrag zum Katalogder herpetologischen Sammlung des Basler Museums, pp. 668-717 in Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel. 7 (3) on page 680, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.2388, http://zenodo.org/record/15183591
Reaching the best possible rate of convergence to equilibrium for solutions of Kac's equation via central limit theorem
Creators: name: Dolera, Emanuele
name: Gabetta, Ester
name: Regazzini, Eugenio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05, 82C40 (Primary)

description: Let $f(\cdot,t)$ be the probability density function which represents the solution of Kac's equation at time $t$, with initial data $f_0$, and let $g_σ$ be the Gaussian density with zero mean and variance $σ^2$, $σ^2$ being the value of the second moment of $f_0$. This is the first study which proves that the total variation distance between $f(\cdot,t)$ and $g_σ$ goes to zero, as $t\to +\infty$, with an exponential rate equal to -1/4. In the present paper, this fact is proved on the sole assumption that $f_0$ has finite fourth moment and its Fourier transform $φ_0$ satisfies $|φ_0(ξ)|=o(|ξ|^{-p})$ as $|ξ|\to+\infty$, for some $p>0$. These hypotheses are definitely weaker than those considered so far in the state-of-the-art literature, which in any case, obtains less precise rates.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AAP538 the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Intrinsic nonlinear conductivities induced by the quantum metric
Creators: name: Das, Kamal
name: Lahiri, Shibalik
name: Atencia, Rhonald Burgos
name: Culcer, Dimitrie
name: Agarwal, Amit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The second-order nonlinear current originates from three physical mechanisms: extrinsic nonlinear Drude and Berry curvature dipole and intrinsic Berry connection polarizability. Here, we predict a new intrinsic contribution to the current related to the quantum metric, a quantum geometric property of the electronic wave function. This contribution manifests in systems that simultaneously break the time-reversal and the inversion symmetry. Interestingly, the new contribution is dissipative in nature and contributes to both longitudinal and the dissipative nonlinear Hall response. The quantum metric-induced NL current dominates transport in parity-time reversal symmetric systems near the band edges, something we show explicitly for topological antiferromagnets.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures; Updated published version
Unexpected water uptake under drought conditions and thinning treatments in young and overstocked lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests
Creators: name: Ellis, Emory
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: As drought and prolonged water stress become more prevalent in dry regions under climate change, understanding and preserving water resources have become the focal point of many conversations. Forest regeneration after deforestation or disturbance can lead to over-populated juvenile stands with high water demands and low water use efficiency. Forest thinning improves tree health, carbon storage, and water use while decreasing stand demands in arid and semi-arid regions. However, little is known about the impacts of dense regenerating stands on seasonal variation in depth-to-water uptake nor the magnitude of the effect of growing season drought conditions on water availability, and existing reports are highly variable by climatic region, species, and thinning intensity. In this study, from a site in the Okanagan Valley in the interior of British Columbia, Canada, stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δ²H) and oxygen (δ¹⁸O) were determined for water collected from the soil profile at varying depths and from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) branches under different degrees of thinning (control: 27,000 stems per ha; moderately thinned: 4,500 stems per ha; heavily thinned: 1,100 stems per ha). Samples were taken over the course of a growing season and data were analyzed using the MixSIAR Bayesian mixing model to partition the relative contributions of source water from various depths. Results indicate that lodgepole pine trees shift their depth-to-water uptake depending on water availability under drought conditions and rely more heavily on older precipitation events, such as winter snowpack, that percolate through the soil profile when shallow soil water becomes less accessible. Interestingly, forest thinning did not cause a significant change in depth-to-water uptake. Our findings concur with other results in the literature by indicating that although lodgepole pine are drought tolerant and have dimorphic root systems, they did not shift from deep water sources when shallow water became more available at the end of the growing season.
Broadening Diversity on the Bench: Voting Behavior and Panel Effects on the United States Courts of Appeals
Creators: name: Hu, Diane
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: This Note seeks to determine the extent to which personal characteristics of judges—namely gender, race, and prior prosecutorial experience—affect individual judicial votes and panel decisions on the United States Courts of Appeals. Although these characteristics do not have a significant effect on the way an individual judge votes, this Note finds that the presence of one of these characteristics on a three-judge panel can influence how the other two judges vote, affecting the overall outcome. The presence of at least one female or black judge on a panel increases the likelihood of a more liberal decision across all cases. However, this effect disappears in cases that are specifically related to gender or race issues, such as employment discrimination cases. The presence of a prior prosecutor on a panel in criminal cases decreases the likelihood of a more liberal ruling (in favor of the defendant). These results shed light on the dynamics of panel decisionmaking, and allow us to critically examine the federal judicial appointment process and the pursuit of judicial diversity.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Quantum Bochkov-Kuzovlev Work Fluctuation Theorems
Creators: name: Campisi, Michele
name: Talkner, Peter
name: Hänggi, Peter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The quantum version of the Bochkov-Kuzovlev identity is derived on the basis of the appropriate definition of work as the difference of the measured internal energies of a quantum system at the beginning and at the end of an external action on the system given by a prescribed protocol. According to the spirit of the original Bochkov-Kuzovlev approach, we adopt the "exclusive" viewpoint, meaning that the coupling to the external work-source is {\it not} counted as part of the internal energy. The corresponding canonical and microcanonical quantum fluctuation theorems are derived as well, and are compared to the respective theorems obtained within the "inclusive" approach. The relations between the quantum inclusive-work $w$, the exclusive-work $w_0$ and the dissipated-work $w_{dis}$, are discussed and clarified. We show by an explicit example that $w_0$ and $w_{dis}$ are distinct stochastic quantities obeying different statistics.
description: 16 pages
Time-Optimal Trajectory Planning with Interaction with the Environment
Creators: name: Petrone, Vincenzo
name: Ferrentino, Enrico
name: Chiacchio, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Optimal motion planning along prescribed paths can be solved with several techniques, but most of them do not take into account the wrenches exerted by the end-effector when in contact with the environment. When a dynamic model of the environment is not available, no consolidated methodology exists to consider the effect of the interaction. Regardless of the specific performance index to optimize, this article proposes a strategy to include external wrenches in the optimal planning algorithm, considering the task specifications. This procedure is instantiated for minimum-time trajectories and validated on a real robot performing an interaction task under admittance control. The results prove that the inclusion of end-effector wrenches affect the planned trajectory, in fact modifying the manipulator's dynamic capability.
A Dynamic Programming Framework for Optimal Planning of Redundant Robots Along Prescribed Paths With Kineto-Dynamic Constraints
Creators: name: Ferrentino, Enrico
name: Savino, Heitor J.
name: Franchi, Antonio
name: Chiacchio, Pasquale
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Offline optimal planning of trajectories for redundant robots along prescribed task space paths is usually broken down into two consecutive processes: first, the task space path is inverted to obtain a joint space path, then, the latter is parametrized with a time law. If the two processes are separated, they cannot optimize the same objective function, ultimately providing sub-optimal results. In this paper, a unified approach is presented where dynamic programming is the underlying optimization technique. Its flexibility allows accommodating arbitrary constraints and objective functions, thus providing a generic framework for optimal planning of real systems. To demonstrate its applicability to a real world scenario, the framework is instantiated for time-optimality on Franka Emika's Panda robot. The well-known issues associated with the execution of non-smooth trajectories on a real controller are partially addressed at planning level, through the enforcement of constraints, and partially through post-processing of the optimal solution. The experiments show that the proposed framework is able to effectively exploit kinematic redundancy to optimize the performance index defined at planning level and generate feasible trajectories that can be executed on real hardware with satisfactory results.
PLSS: A Projected Linear Systems Solver
Creators: name: Brust, Johannes J.
name: Saunders, Michael A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Mathematical Software (cs.MS)
subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 15A06, 15B52, 65F10, 68W20, 65Y20, 90C20

description: We propose iterative projection methods for solving square or rectangular consistent linear systems Ax = b. Existing projection methods use sketching matrices (possibly randomized) to generate a sequence of small projected subproblems, but even the smaller systems can be costly. We develop a process that appends one column to the sketching matrix each iteration and converges in a finite number of iterations whether the sketch is random or deterministic. In general, our process generates orthogonal updates to the approximate solution xk. By choosing the sketch to be the set of all previous residuals, we obtain a simple recursive update and convergence in at most rank(A) iterations (in exact arithmetic). By choosing a sequence of identity columns for the sketch, we develop a generalization of the Kaczmarz method. In experiments on large sparse systems, our method (PLSS) with residual sketches is competitive with LSQR and LSMR, and with residual and identity sketches compares favorably with state-of-the-art randomized methods.
The Supreme Court’s Last 30 Years of Federal Indian Law: Looking for Equilibrium or Supremacy?
Creators: name: Skibine, Alexander Tallchief
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: For 187 years, Indian nations status in the United States has not been fully developed or consistently approached within the law. They are viewed as Domestic Dependent Nations located within the geographical boundaries of the United States. Although Chief Justice John Marshall acknowledged that Indian nations had a certain amount of sovereignty, the exact extent of such sovereignty as well as the place of tribes within the federal system has remained illdefined. This Article examines what has been the role of the Supreme Court in integrating Indian nations as the third Sovereign within our federalist system. The Article accomplishes this task by examining the Court’s Indian law record in the last 30 years. The comprehensive survey of Indian law decisions indicates that while the tribal win-loss record at the Supreme Court is improving, the Court has had difficulties upholding the federal policy of respecting tribal sovereignty and encouraging tribal self-government. After categorizing the cases between victories and losses, the Article divides the cases into categories for analytical purposes. The Second half of the Article focuses on the interaction between the Court and Congress concerning the incorporation of tribes as the third sovereign within the federalist system, and ends by arguing that through its disproportionate use of federal common law in its Indian law decisions, the Court has not attempted to reach a consensus with Congress about the place of Indian nations within our federalism.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Slurred Speech: How the NLRB Tolerates Racism
Creators: name: LeRoy, Michael H.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: Racist speech in union representation elections is widespread and conflicts with the protections of Title VII for diverse employees across different industries. These messages contain slurs, promote white supremacy, and incite fears of legal favoritism for Blacks. Some besmirch Jews, Latinos, Japanese, and Mormons. The rise of white nationalism motivates my empirical study of racist speech in union representation elections. My database consists of fifty-one National Labor Relations Board cases and twenty-nine appellate court rulings on racially divisive campaign speech. In addition, the Article examines NLRB cases involving picketing employees who voice racial slurs to minority workers who cross their line. The fact findings show that the NLRB tolerates almost all slurs and incitements. The Board’s permissive policy conflicts with Title VII’s standard for racial harassment under Harris v. Forklift Systems, Inc. This Article suggests that in cases where racist speech is an issue, the NLRB should use Title VII’s standard for a hostile work environment. Without making this policy change, the National Labor Relations Act opens the door for white nationalists to promote racial preference and re-segregation in the workplace.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 8 No. 2 (2018)
Rapid quantitative magnetization transfer imaging: utilizing the hybrid state and the generalized Bloch model
Creators: name: Assländer, Jakob
name: Gultekin, Cem
name: Mao, Andrew
name: Zhang, Xiaoxia
name: Duchemin, Quentin
name: Liu, Kangning
name: Charlson, Robert W
name: Shepherd, Timothy
name: Fernandez-Granda, Carlos
name: Flassbeck, Sebastian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Medical Physics (physics.med-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Purpose: To explore efficient encoding schemes for quantitative magnetization transfer (qMT) imaging with few constraints on model
 Theory and Methods: We combine two recently proposed models in a Bloch-McConnell equation: the dynamics of the free spin pool are confined to the hybrid state, and the dynamics of the semi-solid spin pool are described by the generalized Bloch model. We numerically optimize the flip angles and durations of a train of radio frequency pulses to enhance the encoding of three qMT parameters while accounting for all 8 parameters of the 2-pool model. We sparsely sample each time frame along this spin dynamics with a 3D radial koosh-ball trajectory, reconstruct the data with subspace modeling, and fit the qMT model with a neural network for computational efficiency.
 Results: We extracted qMT parameter maps of the whole brain with an effective resolution of 1.24mm from a 12.6-minute scan. In lesions of multiple sclerosis subjects, we observe a decreased size of the semi-solid spin pool and longer relaxation times, consistent with previous
 Conclusion: The encoding power of the hybrid state, combined with regularized image reconstruction, and the accuracy of the generalized Bloch model provide an excellent basis for efficient quantitative magnetization transfer imaging with few constraints on model parameters.
Vector theories in cosmology
Creators: name: Esposito-Farese, Gilles
name: Pitrou, Cyril
name: Uzan, Jean-Philippe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This article provides a general study of the Hamiltonian stability and the hyperbolicity of vector field models involving both a general function of the Faraday tensor and its dual, $f(F^2,F\tilde F)$, as well as a Proca potential for the vector field, $V(A^2)$. In particular it is demonstrated that theories involving only $f(F^2)$ do not satisfy the hyperbolicity conditions. It is then shown that in this class of models, the cosmological dynamics always dilutes the vector field. In the case of a nonminimal coupling to gravity, it is established that theories involving $R f(A^2)$ or $Rf(F^2)$ are generically pathologic. To finish, we exhibit a model where the vector field is not diluted during the cosmological evolution, because of a nonminimal vector field-curvature coupling which maintains second-order field equations. The relevance of such models for cosmology is discussed.
description: 17 pages, no figure
The First Principles of Standing
Creators: name: Sundquist, Christian B.
Publisher: name: Columbia Journal of Race and Law
Year: 2018

description: This Article examines the indeterminacy of standing doctrine by deconstructing recent desegregation, affirmative action, and racial profiling cases. This examination is an attempt to uncover the often unstated meta-principles that guide standing jurisprudence. The Article contends that the inherent indeterminacy of standing law can be understood as reflecting an unstated desire to protect racial and class privilege, which is accomplished through the dogma of individualism, equal opportunity (liberty), and “white innocence.” Relying on insights from System Justification Theory, a burgeoning field of social psychology, the Article argues that the seemingly incoherent results in racial standing cases can be understood as unconscious attempts to preserve the status quo. The Article proposes moving “beyond the transcendental nonsense” of standing doctrine and its inevitable replication of economic and racial privilege by completely eliminating all standing limitations to the access of justice.
description: Columbia Journal of Race and Law, Vol. 1 No. 1 (2011)
Effects of reflective scattering in nuclear collisions
Creators: name: Troshin, S. M.
name: Tyurin, N. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We discuss effects of reflective scattering for heavy nuclei collisions and the deconfined matter formation at the LHC and asymptotical energies. Reflective scattering in hadron collisions leads to decreasing matter density with energy beyond the LHC energies. Limiting form of energy dependence of hadron density is obtained.
description: 9 pages, 2 figures
Flowing to unsettle : a multimedia exploration of inhabiting time in computational performative art
Creators: name: Gao, Yujie
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2023

description: The ubiquity of technology in the contemporary era has opened up unprecedented opportunities to manipulate, record, and experience time in ways and scales that were once unimaginable. This research explored diverse perceptions of time through artistic experiences that creatively leverage technology. The primary focus was on the concept of inhabiting a multiplicity of times, allowing for the coexistence of various time perceptions. Through the lens of time, this research builds live artistic projects that cross over multidisciplinary approaches and focus on creating accessible art environments for participation and connection to happen. The goal is to deepen our relationship with time and enhance our capacity to navigate its complexities in artistic and real-world contexts, fostering meaningful shared experiences that bridge and celebrate uniqueness and differences among individuals. This study employs a methodology of research-creation to examine the utilization of time in creative technologies and the human body in constructing an open-ended durational, generative, and immersive art environment. This research investigates how to organically integrate digital media art techniques into durational performance art, creating new generative experiential environments referred to as Computational Performative Art. The objective is to amplify the experiential impacts of what is taking place, unsettle the time we take for granted in daily life and enable individuals to perceive different temporalities and comprehend the disparities between internal clocks, social norms, cultural variations, and relationships between humans and machines. Moreover, new media techniques can be incorporated into durational performances to extend the embodied experiences. The research encompasses a variety of creative forms such as durational performance, immersive installation, data visualization, creative coding, and generative drawing to explore novel methods for presenting and conducting research on experiential time. Through practicing being in time with a greater awareness of different intentions, or in other words, practicing doing time, individuals can gain new insights into different experiences through time, such as flow and wandering. The research findings were delivered through three bodies of artistic work and associated creative documentation contextualized within the longer artmaking process, culminating in the dissertation exhibit at UBC Okanagan Campus in August 2023.