cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Transición energética: Preguntas y respuestas frecuentes
Creators: name: Alonso-Epelde, Eva
name: Rodríguez-Zúñiga, Alejandro
name: Huclin, Sébastien
name: Arto, Iñaki
name: González-Eguino, Mikel
Publisher: name: Observatorio de la Transición Energética y la Acción Climática (OTEA)
Year: 2021

description: Transitar hacia una economía baja en emisiones no solo es una necesidad en el contexto actual de cambio climático, también es una oportunidad para la creación de empleo, la mejora de la calidad de vida de las personas y la construcción de las sociedades más justas y resilientes.
Antwort des Ratvorsitzenden der Evangelischen Kirche in Deutschland, Landesbischof Heinrich Bedford-Strohm, auf das Schreiben von Metropolit Augostinos vom 9. März 2017
Creators: name: Bedford-Strohm, Heinrich
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 66 Nr. 3 (2017): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 66, Heft 3
Sampling methods and population prediction in Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa (Lepidoptera: geometridae) in British Columbia
Creators: name: Liang, Qiwei
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Outbreaks of Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa in British Columbia have always been preceded by a rapid population growth. Sampling methods and population prediction models are needed to provide forest managers with the capability of monitoring and predicting populations of the insect. I sampled eggs, larvae, pupae and adults of Lambdina fiscellaria lugubrosa at various locations in the province of British Columbia from 1992 to 1994. Population estimates of eggs and larvae, directly obtained from habitat units, were fitted to theoretical spatial distribution and mean - variance models. Sampling plans, based on fixed sample size, sequential sampling, and binomial sampling methods, were developed. Pupae were sampled with burlap traps of different designs. Because more pupae were trapped in two or three layers of burlap than in a single layer, traps with at least two layers are recommended for future use. The strong linear relationship of pupal density between burlap traps and open tree bark units validated the use of burlap traps as a sampling tool. Spatial continuity of larval and adult densities was found along forest roads, although the range and magnitude of the spatial dependence varied significantly between years and among sites. Also, larval and adult densities along the road were closely related to those within the stands. The results showed a great potential of roadside sampling for the management of this insect. Regression models showed strong quantitative relationships of population estimates between successive life stages, which can be used to predict population density. Defoliation prediction was conducted with discriminant analysis, in which defoliation classes were related to insect population estimates and tree DBH. Like many other studies in insect sampling, the insect samples were non-random in this study. Randomization tests were used to validate results from conventional statistical analyses and to examine the general necessity of using randomization tests in insect sampling. The results suggested that non-random insect samples do not seriously hamper the use of conventional statistical analyses. The implications of this study to the management of western hemlock looper and other forest insects were discussed.
A Higgs Mechanism for Gravity. Part II: Higher Spin Connections
Creators: name: Boulanger, Nicolas
name: Kirsch, Ingo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We continue the work of hep-th/0503024 in which gravity is considered as the Goldstone realization of a spontaneously broken diffeomorphism group. We complete the discussion of the coset space Diff(d,R)/SO(1,d-1) formed by the d-dimensional group of analytic diffeomorphisms and the Lorentz group. We find that this coset space is parameterized by coordinates, a metric and an infinite tower of higher-spin-like or generalized connections. We then study effective actions for the corresponding symmetry breaking which gives mass to the higher spin connections. Our model predicts that gravity is modified at high energies by the exchange of massive higher spin particles.
description: 17 pages; discussion on local Poincare invariance and matter currents added; references added
Exploring the Dust Content of Galactic Halos with Herschel III. NGC 891
Creators: name: Yoon, J. H.
name: Martin, Crystal L.
name: Veilleux, S.
name: Melendez, M.
name: Mueller, T.
name: Gordon, K. D.
name: Cecil, G.
name: Bland-Hawthorn, J.
name: Engelbracht, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep far-infrared observations of the nearby edge-on galaxy NGC 891 obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory and the Spitzer Space Telescope. The maps confirm the detection of thermal emission from the inner circumgalactic medium (halo) and spatially resolve a dusty superbubble and a dust spur (filament). The dust temperature of the halo component is lower than that of the disk but increases across a region of diameter ~8.0 kpc extending at least 7.7 kpc vertically from one side of the disk, a region we call a superbubble because of its association with thermal X-ray emission and a minimum in the synchrotron scaleheight. This outflow is breaking through the thick disk and developing into a galactic wind, which is of particular interest because NGC 891 is not considered a starburst galaxy; the star formation rate surface density, 0.03 Msun/year per square kiloparsec, and gas fraction, just 10% in the inner disk, indicate the threshold for wind formation is lower than previous work has suggested. We conclude that the star formation surface density is sufficient for superbubble blowout into the halo, but the cosmic ray electrons may play a critical role in determining whether this outflow develops into a fountain or escapes from the gravitational potential. The high dust-to-gas ratio in the dust spur suggests the material was pulled out of NGC 891 through the collision of a minihalo with the disk of NGC 891. We conclude that NGC 891 offers an example of both feedback and satellite interactions transporting dust into the halo of a typical galaxy.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Hot DB White Dwarfs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
Creators: name: Eisenstein, Daniel J.
name: Liebert, James
name: Koester, Detlev
name: Kleinmann, S. J.
name: Nitta, Atsuko
name: Smith, Paul S.
name: Barentine, J. C.
name: Brewington, Howard J.
name: Brinkmann, J.
name: Harvanek, Michael
name: Krzesinski, Jurek
name: Neilsen, Eric H.
name: Long, Dan
name: Schneider, Donald P.
name: Snedden, Stephanie A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present ugriz photometry and optical spectroscopy for 28 DB and DO white dwarfs with temperatures between 28,000K and 45,000K. About 10 of these are particularly well-observed; the remainder are candidates. These are the hottest DB stars yet found, and they populate the "DB gap" between the hotter DO stars and the familiar DB stars cooler than 30,000K. Nevertheless, after carefully matching the survey volumes, we find that the ratio of DA stars to DB/DO stars is a factor of 2.5 larger at 30,000 K than at 20,000 K, suggesting that the "DB gap" is indeed deficient and that some kind of atmospheric transformation takes place in roughly 10% of DA stars as they cool from 30,000 K to 20,000 K.
description: Accepted by the Astronomical Journal. 34 pages, 10 figures, LaTeX
Field-free spin-orbit torque-induced switching of perpendicular magnetization in a ferrimagnetic layer with vertical composition gradient
Creators: name: Zheng, Zhenyi
name: Zhang, Yue
name: Lopez-Dominguez, Victor
name: Sánchez-Tejerina, Luis
name: Shi, Jiacheng
name: Feng, Xueqiang
name: Chen, Lei
name: Wang, Zilu
name: Zhang, Zhizhong
name: Zhang, Kun
name: Hong, Bin
name: Xu, Yong
name: Zhang, Youguang
name: Carpentieri, Mario
name: Fert, Albert
name: Finocchio, Giovanni
name: Zhao, Weisheng
name: Amiri, Pedram Khalili
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Current-induced spin-orbit torques (SOTs) are of interest for fast and energy-efficient manipulation of magnetic order in spintronic devices. To be deterministic, however, switching of perpendicularly magnetized materials by SOT requires a mechanism for in-plane symmetry breaking. Existing methods to do so involve the application of an in-plane bias magnetic field, or incorporation of in-plane structural asymmetry in the device, both of which can be difficult to implement in practical applications. Here, we reported bias-field-free SOT switching in a single perpendicular CoTb layer with an engineered vertical composition gradient. The vertical structural inversion asymmetry induces strong intrinsic SOTs and a gradient-driven Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (g-DMI), which breaks the in-plane symmetry during the switching process. Micromagnetic simulations are in agreement with experimental results, and elucidate the role of g-DMI in the deterministic switching. This bias-field-free switching scheme for perpendicular ferrimagnets with g-DMI provides a strategy for efficient and compact SOT device design.
description: 27 pages, 5 figures
Brief der Orthodoxen Bischofskonferenz in Deutschland (OBKD) an den EKD-Ratsvorsitzenden, Bonn, 9. März 2017
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 66 Nr. 3 (2017): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 66, Heft 3
Early evolution of the solar accretion disk inferred from Cr-Ti-O isotopes in individual chondrules
Creators: name: Schneider, Jonas M.
name: Burkhardt, Christoph
name: Marrocchi, Yves
name: Brennecka, Gregory A.
name: Kleine, Thorsten
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Isotopic anomalies in chondrules hold important clues about the dynamics of mixing and transport processes in the solar accretion disk. These anomalies have been interpreted to indicate either disk-wide transport of chondrules or local heterogeneities of chondrule precursors. However, all previous studies relied on isotopic data for a single element (either Cr, Ti, or O), which does not allow distinguishing between source and precursor signatures as the cause of the chondrules isotope anomalies. Here we obtained the first combined O, Ti, and Cr isotope data for individual chondrules from enstatite, ordinary, and carbonaceous chondrites. We find that chondrules from non-carbonaceous (NC) chondrites have relatively homogeneous Δ17O, ε50Ti, and ε54Cr, which are similar to the compositions of their host chondrites. By contrast, chondrules from carbonaceous chondrites (CC) have more variable compositions. Although the compositions of the analyzed CC and NC chondrules may overlap for either ε50Ti, ε54Cr, or Δ17O, in multi-isotope space none of the CC chondrules plot in the compositional field of NC chondrites, and no NC chondrule plots within the field of CC chondrites. As such, our data reveal a fundamental isotopic difference between NC and CC chondrules, which is inconsistent with a disk-wide transport of chondrules across and between the NC and CC reservoirs. Instead, the isotopic variations among CC chondrules reflect local precursor heterogeneities, which most likely result from mixing between NC-like dust and a chemically diverse dust component that was isotopically similar to CAIs and AOAs.The same mixing processes, but on a larger, disk-wide scale, were likely responsible for establishing the distinct isotopic compositions of the NC and CC reservoirs, which represent in inner and outer disk, respectively.
description: 1 Table 5 Figures Supplementary Materials: 1 Table, 1Figure
Functional Mixed Membership Models
Creators: name: Marco, Nicholas
name: Şentürk, Damla
name: Jeste, Shafali
name: DiStefano, Charlotte
name: Dickinson, Abigail
name: Telesca, Donatello
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: Mathematical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Mental Health

description: Mixed membership models, or partial membership models, are a flexible unsupervised learning method that allows each observation to belong to multiple clusters. In this article, we propose a Bayesian mixed membership model for functional data. By using the multivariate Karhunen-Loève theorem, we are able to derive a scalable representation of Gaussian processes that maintains data-driven learning of the covariance structure. Within this framework, we establish conditional posterior consistency given a known feature allocation matrix. Compared to previous work on mixed membership models, our proposal allows for increased modeling flexibility, with the benefit of a directly interpretable mean and covariance structure. Our work is motivated by studies in functional brain imaging through electroencephalography (EEG) of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this context, our work formalizes the clinical notion of “spectrum” in terms of feature membership proportions. Supplementary materials, including proofs, are available online. The R package BayesFMMM is available to fit functional mixed membership models.
A Slow-Growing Sequence Defined by an Unusual Recurrence
Creators: name: van de Bult, Fokko J.
name: Gijswijt, Dion C.
name: Linderman, John P.
name: Sloane, N. J. A.
name: Wilks, Allan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11B37

description: The sequence starts with a(1) = 1; to extend it one writes the sequence so far as XY^k, where X and Y are strings of integers, Y is nonempty and k is as large as possible: then the next term is k. The sequence begins 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 2, ... A 4 appears for the first time at position 220, but a 5 does not appear until about position 10^{10^{23}}. The main result of the paper is a proof that the sequence is unbounded. We also present results from extensive numerical investigations of the sequence and of certain derived sequences, culminating with a heuristic argument that t (for t=5,6, ...) appears for the first time at about position 2^(2^(3^(4^(5^...^({(t-2)}^{(t-1)}))))), where ^ denotes exponentiation. The final section discusses generalizations.
description: 24 pages, 11 tables
Who needs privacy? Exploring the relation between personality and need for privacy
Creators: name: Metzger, Miriam
name: Dienlin, Tobias
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Communication
subject: Personality and Social Contexts
subject: Social Media
subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
subject: Communication Technology and New Media
subject: Hexaco
subject: Need for Privacy
subject: Personality
subject: Privacy

description: In this registered report, we explore the relation between need for privacy and personality.
Asymptotic expansions for sums of block-variables under weak dependence
Creators: name: Lahiri, S. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60F05 (Primary); 62E20, 62M10 (Secondary)

description: Let $\{X_i\}_{i=-\infty}^{\infty}$ be a sequence of random vectors and $Y_{in}=f_{in}(\mathcal{X}_{i,\ell})$ be zero mean block-variables where $\mathcal{X}_{i,\ell}=(X_i,...,X_{i+\ell-1}),i\geq 1$, are overlapping blocks of length $\ell$ and where $f_{in}$ are Borel measurable functions. This paper establishes valid joint asymptotic expansions of general orders for the joint distribution of the sums $\sum_{i=1}^nX_i$ and $\sum_{i=1}^nY_{in}$ under weak dependence conditions on the sequence $\{X_i\}_{i=-\infty}^{\infty}$ when the block length $\ell$ grows to infinity. In contrast to the classical Edgeworth expansion results where the terms in the expansions are given by powers of $n^{-1/2}$, the expansions derived here are mixtures of two series, one in powers of $n^{-1/2}$ and the other in powers of $[\frac{n}{\ell}]^{-1/2}$. Applications of the main results to (i) expansions for Studentized statistics of time series data and (ii) second order correctness of the blocks of blocks bootstrap method are given.
description: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009053607000000190 in the Annals of Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aos/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Surface and interface effects in oxygen deficient SrMnO$_3$ thin films grown on SrTiO$_3$
Creators: name: Kaviani, Moloud
name: Aschauer, Ulrich
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Complex oxide functionality, such as ferroelectricity, magnetism or superconductivity is often achieved in epitaxial thin-film geometries. Oxygen vacancies tend to be the dominant type of defect in these materials but a fundamental understanding of their stability and electronic structure has so far mostly been established in the bulk or strained bulk, neglecting interfaces and surfaces present in a thin-film geometry. We investigate here, via density functional theory calculations, oxygen vacancies in the model system of a SrMnO$_3$ (SMO) thin film grown on a SrTiO$_3$ (STO) (001) substrate. Structural and electronic differences compared to bulk SMO result mainly from undercoordination at the film surface. The changed crystal field leads to a depletion of subsurface valence-band states and transfer of this charge to surface Mn atoms, both of which strongly affect the defect chemistry in the film. The result is a strong preference of oxygen vacancies in the surface region compared to deeper layers. Finally, for metastable oxygen vacancies in the substrate, we predict a spatial separation of the defect from its excess charge, the latter being accommodated in the film but close to the substrate boundary. These results show that surface and interface effects lead to significant differences in stability and electronic structure of oxygen vacancies in thin-film geometries compared to the (strained) bulk.
description: 6 pages + 1 SI, 5 figures + 1 SI
Simultaneous position and state measurement of Rydberg atoms
Creators: name: van Ditzhuijzen, C. S. E.
name: Koenderink, A. F.
name: Noordam, L. D.
name: Heuvell, H. B. van Linden van den
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a technique for state-selective position detection of cold Rydberg atoms. Ground state Rb atoms in a magneto-optical trap are excited to a Rydberg state and are subsequently ionized with a tailored electric field pulse. This pulse selectively ionizes only atoms in e.g. the 54d state and not in the 53d state. The released electrons are detected after a slow flight towards a micro channel plate. From the time of flight of the electrons the position of the atoms is deduced. The state selectivity is about 20:1 when comparing 54d with 53d and the one-dimensional position resolution ranges from 6 to 40 $μ$m over a range of 300 $μ$m. This state selectivity and position resolution are sufficient to allow for the observation of coherent quantum excitation transport.
An atomistic quantum transport solver with dephasing for field-effect transistors
Creators: name: Raza, Hassan
name: Kan, Edwin C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Extended Huckel theory (EHT) along with NEGF (Non-equilibrium Green's function formalism) has been used for modeling coherent transport through molecules. Incorporating dephasing has been proposed to theoretically reproduce experimental characteristics for such devices. These elastic and inelastic dephasing effects are expected to be important in quantum devices with the feature size around 10nm, and hence an efficient and versatile solver is needed. This model should have flexibility to be applied to a wide range of nano-scale devices, along with 3D electrostatics, for arbitrary shaped contacts and surface roughness. We report one such EHT-NEGF solver with dephasing by self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA). 3D electrostatics is included using a finite-element scheme. The model is applied to a single wall carbon nanotube (CNT) cross-bar structure with a C60 molecule as the active channel. Without dephasing, a negative differential resistance (NDR) peak appears when the C60 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level crosses a van Hove singularity in the 1D density of states of the metallic CNTs acting as contacts. This NDR diminishes with increasing dephasing in the channel as expected.
description: to appear in Journal of Computational Electronics
Two-particle correlations at high-energy nuclear collisions, peripheral-tube model revisited
Creators: name: Hama, Yogiro
name: Kodama, Takeshi
name: Qian, Wei-Liang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper, we give an account of the peripheral-tube model, which has been developed to give an intuitive and dynamical description of the so-called ridge effect in two-particle correlations in high-energy nuclear collisions. Starting from a realistic event-by-event fluctuating hydrodynamical model calculation, we first show the emergence of ridge + shoulders in the so-called two-particle long-range correlations, reproducing the data. In contrast to the commonly used geometric picture of the origin of the anisotropic flow, we can explain such a structure dynamically in terms of the presence of high energy-density peripheral tubes in the initial conditions. These tubes violently explode and deflect the near radial flow coming from the interior of the hot matter, which in turn produces a two-ridge structure in single-particle distribution, with approximately two units opening in azimuth. When computing the two-particle correlation, this will result in characteristic three-ridge structure, with a high near-side ridge and two symmetric lower away-side ridges or shoulders. Several anisotropic flows, necessary to producing ridge + shoulder structure, appear naturally in this dynamical description. Using this simple idea, we can understand several related phenomena, such as centrality dependence and trigger-angle dependence.
description: 34 pages, 42 figures
Positive Topological Entropy for Magnetic Flows on Surfaces
Creators: name: Miranda, José Antônio Gonçalves
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 37B40; 37D30; 37J99

description: We study the topological entropy of the magnetic flow on a closed riemannian surface. We prove that if the magnetic flow has a non-hyperbolic closed orbit in some energy set T^cM= E^{-1}(c), then there exists an exact $ C^\infty$-perturbation of the 2-form $ Ω$ such that the new magnetic flow has positive topological entropy in T^cM. We also prove that if the magnetic flow has an infinite number of closed orbits in T^cM, then there exists an exact C^1-perturbation of $ Ω$ with positive topological entropy in T^cM. The proof of the last result is based on an analog of Franks' lemma for magnetic flows on surfaces, that is proven in this work, and Mañé's techniques on dominated splitting. As a consequence of those results, an exact magnetic flow on S^2 in high energy levels admits a C^1-perturbation with positive topological entropy. In the appendices we show that an exact magnetic flow on the torus in high energy levels admits a $ C^\infty $-perturbation with positive topological entropy.
description: 23 pages
THERMAL EFFECTS OF ER,CR;YSGG LASER HEATING IN HUMAN ROOT CANAL DISINFECTION
Creators: name: Gill, Jennifer Frances
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: laser disinfection
laser heating
Pennes bioheat
root canal
root canal disinfection
thermal analysis

description: Heat transfer simulations were performed using the Pennes bioheat equation to understand the heat distributions in tissue and dentin during 500 mW Er,Cr;YSGG laser irradiation for bacterial disinfection.  The theoretical models were generated based on microCT scans of extracted teeth.  The study not only determines the heat penetration within the deep dentin, but also assesses potential thermal damage to the surrounding tissue structure.  Treatment protocols were identified as capable of maintaining an elevated temperature of 47oC for at least 10 seconds within the deep dentin to kill bacteria there, while minimizing collateral thermal tissue damage.  The balance between these two factors is dependent on the dentin thickness, and the dentin should be thicker than the depth of bacterial penetration.  Theoretical simulations of the temperature elevations in root dentin are performed to evaluate how heating protocols affect the efficacy of using Er,Cr;YSGG pulsed lasers in bacterial disinfection for root canal procedures.
Constraints on the generalized tachyon field models from latest observational data
Creators: name: Yang, Rong-Jia
name: Zhang, Shuang Nan
name: Liu, Yuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider constraints on generalized tachyon field (GTF) models from latest observational data (including 182 gold SNIa data, the shift parameter, and the acoustic scale). We obtain at 68.3% confidence level $Ω_{\rm m}=0.37\pm0.01$, $k_0=0.09^{+0.04}_{-0.03}$, $α=1.8^{+7.4}_{-0.7}$ (the best-fit values of the parameters) and $z_{q=0}\sim 0.47-0.51$ (the transitional redshift) for GTF as dark energy component only; $k_0=0.21^{+0.20}_{-0.18}$, $α=0.57\pm0.01$ and $z_{q=0}\sim 0.49-0.68$ for GTF as unification of dark energy and dark matter. In both cases, GTF evolves like dark matter in the early universe. By applying model-comparison statistics and test with independent $H(z)$ data, we find GTF dark energy scenario is favored over the $Λ$CDM model, and the $Λ$CDM model is favored over GTF unified dark matter by the combined data. For GTF as dark energy component, the fluctuations of matter density is consistent with the growth of linear density perturbations. For GTF unified dark matter, the growth of GTF density fluctuations grow more slowly for $a\to1$, meaning GTF do not behave as classical $Λ$CDM scenarios.
description: 21pages, 14 figures
Sulphur and carbon isotopes towards Galactic centre clouds
Creators: name: Humire, P. K.
name: Thiel, V.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Belloche, A.
name: Loison, J. -C.
name: Pillai, T.
name: Riquelme, D.
name: Wakelam, V.
name: Langer, N.
name: Hernández-Gómez, A.
name: Mauersberger, R.
name: Menten, K. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Measuring isotopic ratios is a sensitive technique used to obtain information on stellar nucleosynthesis and chemical evolution. We present measurements of the carbon and sulphur abundances in the interstellar medium of the central region of our Galaxy. The selected targets are the +50km/s Cloud and several l.o.s. clouds towards Sgr B2(N). Towards the +50km/s Cloud, we observed the J=2-1 rotational transitions of CS, C34S, 13CS, C33S, and 13C34S, and the J=3-2 transitions of CS and C34S with the IRAM-30m telescope, as well as the J=6-5 transitions of C34S and 13CS with the APEX 12m telescope, all in emission. The J=2-1 rotational transitions of CS, C34S, 13CS, and 13C34S were observed with ALMA in the envelope of Sgr B2(N), with those of CS and C34S also observed in the l.o.s. clouds towards Sgr B2(N), all in absorption. In the +50km/s Cloud we derive a 12C13C isotopic ratio of ~22.1, that leads, with the measured 13CS/C34S line intensity ratio, to a 32S/34S ratio of 16.3+3.0-2.4. We also derive the 32S/34S isotopic ratio more directly from the two isotopologues 13CS and 13C34S, which leads to an independent 32S/34S estimation of 16.3+2.1-1.7 and 17.9+-5.0 for the +50km/s Cloud and Sgr B2(N), respectively. We also obtain a 34S/33S ratio of ~4.3 in the +50 km/s Cloud. Previous studies observed a decreasing trend in the 32S/34S isotopic ratios when approaching the Galactic centre. Our result indicates a termination of this tendency at least at a galactocentric distance of 130-30+60 pc. This is at variance with findings based on 12C/13C, 14N/15N and 18O/17O isotope ratios, where the above-mentioned trend is observed to continue right to the central molecular zone. This can indicate a drop in the production of massive stars at the Galactic centre, in the same line as recent metallicity gradient studies, and opens the work towards a comparison with Galactic and stellar evolution models.
description: 16 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication by A&A
Algebrodynamics in complex space-time and the complex-quaternionic origin of Minkowski geometry
Creators: name: Kassandrov, Vladimir V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scheme of biquaternionic algebrodymamics based on a nonlinear generalization of the Cauchy-Riemann holomorphy conditions considered therein as fundamental field equations. The automorphism group SO(3,C) of the biquaternion algebra acts as a proper Lorentz group on a real space whose coordinates are bilinear in the complex coordinates of biquaternionic vector space. A new invariant of Lorentz transformations then arises - the geometric phase. This invariant can be responsible for the quantum properties of particles associated in this approach with field singularities. Some new notions are introduced, related to ``hidden'' complex dynamics: ``observable'' space-time, the ensemble of identical correlated particles-singularities (``duplicons'') and others.
description: Proceedings of the XII Russian Gravitational Conference, Kazan, June 2005. 9 pages, LaTeX. Some references added
Theoretical and Experimental Evaluation of a Simple Cooling Pad for Inducing Hypothermia in the Brain and in the Spinal Cord Following Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Creators: name: Smith, Katisha D.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: Brain Injury
Finite Element Method
Heat Transfer
Hypothermia
Spinal Cord Injury

description: This dissertation investigates the temperature in the torso and head during selective hypothermia using a cooling pad.  The Pennes bioheat equation and finite element analysis are used to predict the temperatures in the spinal cord, the brain and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during hypothermia.  Following 30 minutes of cooling (Tcool = 20?C), the temperature in the CSF and the spinal cord is reduced by more than 2.5?C.  The spinal cord temperature is sensitive to the spinal cord blood perfusion rate, the cooling temperature, the cooling pad width, and the CSF velocity.  The temperature in the grey matter is reduced by approximately 1?C, while the temperature in the white matter remains normal after 90 minutes of cooling.  Ischemia in the grey matter increases cooling extent to the brain.  For the in vivo animal study, a cooling pad is used to induce hypothermia in rats to test its effectiveness in a biological environment.  Coolant is circulated through the pad to induce mild or moderate hypothermia in spinal cord.  During mild hypothermia, the temperature on the back and in the spine is reduced by 8.76 +/- 0.31?C and 6.67 +/- 0.1?C, respectively.  The temperature in the spine and on the back is reduced by 11.88 +/- 3.85?C and 17.9 +/- 1.46?C, respectively, during moderate hypothermia.  A difference between the brain and rectal temperatures suggests mild cooling in the brain tissue.  A numerical model of the rat head and torso is developed to compare the experimental and theoretical predictions of the tissue temperatures following mild and moderate hypothermia.  Theoretical predictions and experimental measurements in both the torso and head regions are in reasonable agreement.  However, differences between the experimentally acquired and theoretically predicted temperatures in the brain may be due to the blood flow response to cooling in the brain tissue and imperfect mixing of the warm CSF and cold spinal fluid.  The present study provides a foundation for developing a cooling protocol to prevent secondary injury to neurological tissue following traumatic injury that affects the entire central nervous system (CNS).
Notes on the Agricultural Economies of Dependent Territories in the Western Hemisphere and Puerto Rico
Creators: name: Sanderson, Agnes G.
name: Sanderson, Agnes G.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1965
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Land Economics/Use
subject: Livestock Production/Industries
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: Includes notes on: Antigua (Leeward Islands), The Bahamas, Barbados, Bermuda, British Guiana, British Honduras, British Virgin Islands (Leeward Islands), Cayman Islands, Dominica (Windward Islands), Falkland Islands and Dependencies, French Guiana, Grenada (Windward Islands), Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat (Leeward Islands), Netherlands Antilles, Puerto Rico, St. Kitts-Nevis-Anguilla (Leeward Islands), St. Lucia (Windward Islands), St. Pierre and Miquelon, St. Vincent (Windward Islands), Surinam (Netherlands Guiana), Turks and Caicos Islands, U.S. Virgin Islands.
Starring Joseph K. : four stage adaptations of Franz Kafka’s novel The Trial
Creators: name: Malone, Paul Matthew
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: This dissertation takes as its premise the belief that privileging the text of a play as the site of meaning is inadequate, given the social nature of theatre. This privileging is evident in the low critical opinion of dramatic adaptations of prose works: the dramatic text, incomplete by nature, cannot compete with the self-sufficient narrative text which it adapts. Rather, as described in the introductory chapter, the socio-historical context of a production must be investigated to flesh out the meaning of the text. Four theatrical adaptations of Franz Kafka's novel Der Prozefi (1925) illustrate a history not only of Kafka reception, but also of society, politics and theatrical practice in Europe and North America. The first adaptation, Le Proces (1947), by Jean-Louis Barrault and Andre Gide, is interpreted in the second chapter in the context of post-Occupation tensions in France, including a sense of guilt left by collaboration. Against an intellectual backdrop of existentialism and absurdism, Le Proces renders Joseph K. as a Jewish victim of unjust authorities. The third chapter describes actor/playwright Steven Berkoff’s antipathy to the middle-class conformism of 1970s Britain, which turns his adaptation, The Trial (1973), into a highly personal protest in which K. is destroyed by bourgeois "mediocrity." Peter Weiss's German adaptation, Der Prozefi (1975), treated in the fourth chapter, attempts more sweeping Marxist social criticism, depicting Kafka's world as a historically specific Eastern Europe in the days leading up to the Great War: K. is a bank employee who, by refusing to ally himself with the workers, seals his own fate under exploitative capitalism. Finally, Sally Clark's Canadian The Trial of Judith K. (1989) is described in the fifth chapter as a cross-gender revision of the novel reflecting both a feminist critique of male oppression and the freedom of interpretation of canonical works enabled by North America's relative intellectual isolation from the canon's European roots. K., as a victim of patriarchy, is a woman. The diversity of these four adaptations pleads for the acceptance of dramatic adaptation as a creative form of interpretation, rather than as an ill-advised misappropriation, of its source.
The Variation of Stiffness Along a Cross-Section of Porcine Aorta as Measured by Atomic Force Microscopy
Creators: name: Smith, Jason Daniel
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2010
Subjects: AFM
Aorta
Stiffness

description: The need to mechanically characterize arterial tissues arises from the fact that arterial stiffness is a predictor of cardiovascular health problems. Recently, the atomic force microscope has been used in many studies on biological materials to image and perform quantitative mechanical analyses. In this study, the atomic force microscope was used to examine the variation in stiffness radially along a cross-section of porcine aorta, from the intimal to the adventicial layer. Force-Volume AFM mode was performed on both dry and hydrated cryosectioned (~10?m thick) specimens of aorta. Stiffness was defined as the change in indentation force of the loading portion of a force curve over the change in indentation depth. Stiffness and location data were normalized with respect to the AFM tip cantilever spring constant and cross-sectional radius, respectively. It was found that the stiffness of the aorta tissue showed no correlation with aortic radius (0.006 < R2 < 0.023).
Cosmic Ray Transport in the Ionized and Neutral ISM: MHD-PIC Simulations and Effective Fluid Treatments
Creators: name: Bambic, Christopher J.
name: Bai, Xue-Ning
name: Ostriker, Eve C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Cosmic rays (CRs) have critical impacts in the multiphase interstellar medium (ISM), driving dynamical motions in low-density plasma and modifying the ionization state, temperature, and chemical composition of higher-density atomic and molecular gas. We present a study of CR propagation between the ionized ISM and a neutral cloud. Using one-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic particle-in-cell simulations which include ion-neutral drag to damp Alfv$\acute{\text{e}}$n waves in the cloud, we self-consistently evolve the kinetic physics of CRs and fluid dynamics of the multiphase gas. By introducing the cloud in our periodic domain, our simulations break translational symmetry and allow the emergence of spatial structure in the CR distribution function. A negative spatial gradient forms across the fully-ionized ISM region while a positive gradient forms across the neutral cloud. We connect our results with CR hydrodynamics formulations by computing the wave-particle scattering rates as predicted by quasilinear, fluid, and Fokker-Planck theory. For momenta where the mean free path is short relative to the box size, we find excellent agreement among all scattering rates. By exploring different cloud sizes and ion-neutral collision rates, we show that our results are robust. Our work provides a first-principles verification of CR hydrodynamics when particles stream down their pressure gradient, and opens a pathway toward comprehensive calibrations of transport coefficients from self-generated Alfv$\acute{\text{e}}$n wave scattering with CRs.
description: 25 pages, 10 figures, submitted to ApJ
The data citation way in DISSCO
Creators: name: Islam, Sharif
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: biodiversity
data infrastructure
data
data citation
digital twin

description: Data citation plays a pivotal role in advancing transparency, credibility, and collaboration within biodiversity research. It not only acknowledges the dedicated work of data collectors and curators but also streamlines the sharing and integration of invaluable biodiversity datasets.

To illuminate the critical aspects of recognising and attributing biodiversity research datasets and to offer best practices for standardized dataset citation that duly recognises their creators and sources, ultimately enhancing data discoverability, reusability, and giving due credit to those managing it, we have organised a webinar, on the 20th of November 2023, in collaboration with four leading Research Infrastructures: GBIF, LifeWatch, DISSCO and eLTER,  to guide users through essential techniques for effectively citing biodiversity data.
Nonlinear Structure Formation and "Apparent" Acceleration: an Investigation
Creators: name: Biswas, Tirthabir
name: Mansouri, Reza
name: Notari, Alessio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an analytically solvable nonlinear model of structure formation in a Universe with only dust. The model is an LTB solution (of General Relativity) and structures are shells of different density. We show that the luminosity distance-redshift relation has significant corrections at low redshift when the density contrast becomes nonlinear. A minimal effect is a correction in apparent magnitudes of order 0.15. We discuss different possibilities that could further enhance this effect and mimick Dark Energy.
description: 57 pages, 13 figures. Formatting errors fixed
Tensile and Fatigue Failure Analysis of Fibrous Monolithic Composites
Creators: name: Hrobak, Douglas M.
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2009
Subjects: Composites
Failure
Fatigue
Fibrous
Monolithic
Monotonic

description: The work in this study analyzed the failure of a specific family of fibrous  monolithic composites ( FMC). This material is classified in the advanced composite  materials category which is being investigated for the replacement of contemporary  materials for structural components in numerous applications. FMC’s are manufactured  with diverse compositions for the fiber/ matrix combination which limits the information  available on given combinations. The materials studied utilize a structure where  continuous, oriented fiber materials are placed in a polymeric matrix. Additional  filament reinforcement is added by Carbon or Kevlar filament tows embedded within the  matrix.  Specimens were tested under quasi- static monotonic tensile loading and tension-tension  fatigue with varying frequencies dependant on the magnitude of the load.  Additionally, a statistical model as well as a mixture model was developed to help predict  failure and properties of this material and compared with experimental results. The  purpose of this study was to test, document, and help predict the material response and  properties provided by different compositions of FMCs and document damage  characteristics.  From this study, a better understanding of the response of this new material to  simple mechanical loading techniques was achieved along with evaluation of damage  progression through the material during loading. Material properties were documented  from the experimental methods. It was concluded that the FMC properties and response  were matrix dominated but filament reinforcement modulated. Most importantly, a  characteristic reduction in stiffness was found to exist throughout the processing  conditions of the FMC.
PolarDet: A Fast, More Precise Detector for Rotated Target in Aerial Images
Creators: name: Zhao, Pengbo
name: Qu, Zhenshen
name: Bu, Yingjia
name: Tan, Wenming
name: Ren, Ye
name: Pu, Shiliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Fast and precise object detection for high-resolution aerial images has been a challenging task over the years. Due to the sharp variations on object scale, rotation, and aspect ratio, most existing methods are inefficient and imprecise. In this paper, we represent the oriented objects by polar method in polar coordinate and propose PolarDet, a fast and accurate one-stage object detector based on that representation. Our detector introduces a sub-pixel center semantic structure to further improve classifying veracity. PolarDet achieves nearly all SOTA performance in aerial object detection tasks with faster inference speed. In detail, our approach obtains the SOTA results on DOTA, UCAS-AOD, HRSC with 76.64\% mAP, 97.01\% mAP, and 90.46\% mAP respectively. Most noticeably, our PolarDet gets the best performance and reaches the fastest speed(32fps) at the UCAS-AOD dataset.
description: 11 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables
Temperature Distribution during ICG Dye Enhanced Laser Photocoagulation of Feeder Vessels in Treatment of AMD-Related Choroidal Neovascularization
Creators: name: Bachmann, AJ
Publisher: name: Maryland Shared Open Access Repository
Year: 2008
Subjects: AMD
CNV
ICG
Photocoagulation
laser
Engineering, Mechanical (0548)

description: Laser photocoagulation of the feeder vessels of age-related macula degeneration (AMD)-related choroidal neovascularization (CNV) membranes is a compelling treatment modality, one important reason being that the treatment site is removed from the sensitive fovea in cases of sub- or juxta-foveal CNV.  To enhance the energy absorption in a target feeder vessel, an indocyanine green (ICG) dye bolus is injected intravenously, and the 805 nm wavelength diode laser beam is applied when the dye bolus transits the feeder vessel; this tends to reduce concomitant damage to adjacent tissue. Two- and three-dimensional theoretical models using the Pennes bioheat equation were developed to study the temperature distribution in the choroidal feeder vessel and its vicinity during laser photocoagulation.  The results indicate that temperature elevation in the target feeder vessel increased by 25% in dye-enhanced photocoagulation, compared to just photocoagulation alone.  The dye bolus also shifts the epicenter of the maximum temperature away from the sensitive sensory retina and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) layers and toward the feeder vessel.  Two dominant factors in temperature elevation of the feeder vessel are location of the feeder vessel and blood flow velocity through it.  Feeder vessel temperature elevation becomes smaller as the distance from the choriocapillaris layer increases.  The cooling effect of blood flow through the feeder vessel can reduce the temperature elevation by up to 23% of the maximum. Three-dimensional results have shown the effect of blood flow velocity in the feeder vessel on temperature elevation. However, results were limited by computational capacity.
The antiferromagnetic insulator Ca3FeRhO6: characterization and electronic structure calculations
Creators: name: Eyert, V.
name: Schwingenschloegl, U.
name: Fresard, R.
name: Maignan, A.
name: Martin, C.
name: Nguyen, N.
name: Hackenberger, C.
name: Kopp, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the antiferromagnetic insulating nature of Ca3FeRhO6 both experimentally and theoretically. Susceptibility measurements reveal a Neel temperature T_N = 20 K, and a magnetic moment of 5.3 muB/f. u., while Moessbauer spectroscopy strongly suggests that the Fe ions, located in trigonal prismatic sites, are in a 3+ high spin state. Transport measurements display a simple Arrhenius law, with an activation energy of 0.2 eV. The experimental results are interpreted with LSDA band structure calculations, which confirm the Fe 3+ state, the high-spin/low-spin scenario, the antiferromagnetic ordering, and the value for the activation energy.
description: 5 pages, 6 figures