cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A General Analysis of Direct Dark Matter Detection: From Microphysics to Observational Signatures
Creators: name: Dent, James B.
name: Krauss, Lawrence M.
name: Newstead, Jayden L.
name: Sabharwal, Subir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Beginning with a set of simplified models for spin-0, spin-$\half$, and spin-1 dark matter candidates using completely general Lorentz invariant and renormalizable Lagrangians, we derive the full set of non-relativistic operators and nuclear matrix elements relevant for direct detection of dark matter, and use these to calculate rates and recoil spectra for scattering on various target nuclei. This allows us to explore what high energy physics constraints might be obtainable from direct detection experiments, what degeneracies exist, which operators are ubiquitous and which are unlikely or sub-dominant. We find that there are operators which are common to all spins as well operators which are unique to spin-$\half$ and spin-1 and elucidate two new operators which have not been previously considered. In addition we demonstrate how recoil energy spectra can distinguish fundamental microphysics if multiple target nuclei are used. Our work provides a complete roadmap for taking generic fundamental dark matter theories and calculating rates in direct detection experiments. This provides a useful guide for experimentalists designing experiments and theorists developing new dark matter models.
description: 37 pages, six figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D
title: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed on stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy of mammographic suspicious microcalcifications: Radiologic-pathologic correlation.
Creators: name: Milatou, Maria
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Calcifications / Calculi
subject: Vacuum assisted biopsy
subject: Mammography
subject: Interventional non-vascular
subject: Breast
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: The development of imaging techniques increased incidence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), which accounts for about 20-25% of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases. The most common clinical presentation of DCIS are mammographically visible...
Effects of pregnancy on the pharmacokinetics of metformin
Creators: name: Ren, Z.
name: Quinney, S.K.
name: Liao, M.Z.
name: Clark, S.
name: Easterling, T.R.
name: Ahmed, M.
name: Haas, D.
name: Wang, J.
name: Hebert, M.F.
name: Brown, L.M.
name: Manuck, T.
name: Venkataramanan, R.
name: Caritis, S.
name: Haneline, L.S.
name: Flood Nichols, S.K.
name: Hankins, G.D.
name: Thummel, K.E.
name: Tita, A.T.
Publisher: name: American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy
Year: 2020

description: This study's primary objective was to fully characterize the pharmacokinetics of metformin in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) versus nonpregnant controls. Steady-state oral metformin pharmacokinetics in pregnant women with GDM receiving either metformin monotherapy (n 5 24) or a combination with glyburide (n 5 30) as well as in nonpregnant women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n 5 24) were determined utilizing non-compartmental techniques. Maternal and umbilical cord blood samples were collected at delivery from 38 women. With both 500- and 1000-mg doses, metformin bioavailability, volume of distribution beta (Vb), clearance, and renal clearance were significantly increased during pregnancy. In addition, in the women receiving metformin 500 mg, significantly higher metformin apparent oral clearance (CL/F) (27%), weight-adjusted renal secretion clearance (64%), and apparent oral volume of distribution beta (Vb/F) (33%) were seen during pregnancy. Creatinine clearance was significantly higher during pregnancy. Increasing metformin dose from 500 to 1000 mg orally twice daily significantly increased Vb/F by 28%, weight-adjusted Vb/F by 32% and CL/F by 25%, and weight-adjusted CL/F by 28% during pregnancy. Mean metformin umbilical cord arterial-to-venous plasma concentration ratio was 1.0 6 0.1, venous umbilical cord-to-maternal concentration ratio was 1.4 6 0.5, and arterial umbilical cord-to-maternal concentration ratio was 1.5 6 0.5. Systemic exposure after a 500-mg dose of metformin was lower during pregnancy compared with the nonpregnant women with T2DM. However, in patients receiving metformin 1000 mg, changes in estimated bioavailability during pregnancy offset the changes in clearance leading to no significant change in CL/F with the higher dose. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Gestational diabetes mellitus complicates 5%-13% of pregnancies and is often treated with metformin. Pregnant women undergo physiological changes that alter drug disposition. Preliminary data suggest that pregnancy lowers metformin concentrations, potentially affecting efficacy and safety. This study definitively describes pregnancy's effects on metformin pharmacokinetics and expands the mechanistic understanding of pharmacokinetic changes across the dosage range. Here we report the nonlinearity of metformin pharmacokinetics and the increase in bioavailability, clearance, renal clearance, and volume of distribution during pregnancy.
Pharmacodynamics of Metformin in Pregnant Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Nonpregnant Women With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Creators: name: Clark, S.
name: Shuster, D.L.
name: Haas, D.M.
name: Ren, Z.
name: Morris Brown, L.
name: Ahmed, M.S.
name: Haneline, L.S.
name: Brown, Z.
name: Shen, D.D.
name: Quinney, S.K.
name: Flood Nichols, S.K.
name: Hebert, M.F.
name: Tita, A.T.
name: Easterling, T.R.
name: Venkataramanan, R.
name: Manuck, T.A.
name: Caritis, S.
name: Ma, X.
name: Shireman, L.M.
name: Thummel, K.E.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Gestational diabetes mellitus is a condition similar to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in that patients are unable to compensate for the degree of insulin resistance, and both conditions are often treated with metformin. The comparative pharmacodynamic response to metformin in these 2 populations has not been studied. This study characterized insulin sensitivity, β-cell responsivity, and disposition index following a mixed-meal tolerance test utilizing a minimal model of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide kinetics before and during treatment with metformin. The study included women with gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 34), T2DM (n = 14), and healthy pregnant women (n = 30). Before treatment, the gestational diabetes mellitus group had significantly higher baseline (45%), dynamic (68%), static (71%), and total β-cell responsivity (71%) than the T2DM group. Metformin significantly increased insulin sensitivity (51%) as well as disposition index (97%) and decreased mixed-meal tolerance test peak glucose concentrations (8%) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus after adjustment for gestational age–dependent effects; however, in women with T2DM metformin only significantly affected peak glucose concentrations (22%) and had no significant effect on any other parameters. Metformin had a greater effect on the change in disposition index (Δ disposition index) in women with gestational diabetes mellitus than in those with T2DM (P =.01). In conclusion, response to metformin in women with gestational diabetes mellitus is significantly different from that in women with T2DM, which is likely related to the differences in disease severity.
title: Rock alteration at the post-Variscan nonconformity: implications for Permo-Carboniferous surface weathering versus burial diagenesis
Creators: name:  Liang ,  Fei
name:  Linsel ,  Adrian
name:  Hinderer ,  Matthias
name:  Hornung ,  Jens
name:  Scheuvens ,  Dirk
name:  Petschick ,  Rainer
Publisher: name: Deutsche Geologische Gesellschaft - Geologische Vereinigung e.V. (DGGV)
Year: 2021

description: Nonconformity surfaces are key features to understand the relations among climate, lithosphere and tectonic movements in Earth history. One of the most prominent stratigraphic surfaces in Central European is the post-Variscan nonconformity separating the metamorphic Variscan basement from non-metamorphic platform deposits starting in the Upper Carboniferous, but more widely distributed since the Permian. This study aimed to analyze and distinguish the physical and chemical processes happening during exposure of the surface as well as during subsequent burial diagenesis on a drill core located on the eastern graben shoulder of the Upper Rhine Graben. The core penetrates through a Lower Permian volcano-sedimentary succession into the crystalline basement which here consists of Cadomian plutonic rocks. Samples were analyzed across the nonconformity by means of polarization microscopy, environmental scanning electron microscope, X-Ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. In both segments, secondary minerals are dominated by illite and a mix-layer phase of illite and smectite (I/S). The corrected weathering indices indicate an intermediate to unweathered degree in the gabbroic diorite and an extreme to unweathered degree in the basaltic andesite. The τ value for both parts indicates an abnormal enrichment of K, Rb, and Cs. Accompanying minerals such as adularia suggest subsequent overprint by (K-rich) fluids during burial diagenesis which promoted the conversion from smectite to illite. Overall, a new workflow to eliminate distractions for paleoclimate evaluation and evolution has been developed. Our study shows that features of supergene physical and chemical paleo-weathering can be disentangled by a multi-proxy approach.
Documentation of time-agnostic-library software
Creators: name: Massari, Arcangelo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: provenance information
change-tracking of RDF data
time-traversal queries
SPARQL
OpenCitations

description: This document is a high-level description of the time-agnostic library, which helps understand its structure and operation. First, the modules are introduced, along with viable configuration parameters; then, the user-oriented methods are described. Finally, the cache system is detailed.
title: Epiphyseal Geometry After RFA Epiphysiodesis. Is the Relation Between Height and Wideness of the Epiphysis Affected?
Creators: name: Shiguetomi-Medina, Juan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Paediatric
subject: Extremities
subject: Musculoskeletal bone
subject: MR
subject: Ablation procedures
subject: Outcomes
subject: Developmental disease

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Epiphysiodesis using RFA has been proved to be successful and safe in experimental animal studies. The safety to the adjacent joint has been studied and experiments have concluded this procedure does not affect the articular cartilage...
The role of effectiveness and uncertainty of solar geoengineering in the crowding out of mitigation
Creators: name: McEvoy, David
name: Cherry, Todd
name: Kroll, Stephan
Publisher: name: OSF Registries
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Social and Behavioral Sciences

description: This project follows a previous experimental study on the conjecture that the emergence of solar geoengineering (SGE) will lead to a reduction in mitigation efforts--SGE crowds out mitigation. This is known as the moral hazard conjecture. That study reported the introduction of SGE led to crowding in (not out) of mitigation--i.e., a reverse moral hazard. Following that paper (published in Environmental Politics), this study investigates two possible determinants of moral hazard behavior (i.e., crowding out): effectiveness of SGE and the risk of SGE. The research question is how does the level of efficacy and risk shape the response to SGE. We expect that greater efficacy and lower risk will shift the response to be more aligned with the moral hazard conjecture (crowding out). This is because, as efficacy increases and risk decreases, SGE becomes a more perfect substitute for mitigation. The theory is sketched out but incomplete. The experimental design and instructions are complete. Experimental data is being collected but has not been reviewed. An experimental study that is part of the collaborative project "Implications of Solar Radiation Management for Strategic Behavior and Governance" (National Science Foundation Grant Nos. 2033855 and 1948154)
title: Many Unfamiliar Imaging faces of Complex regional Pain syndrome
Creators: name: Vadapalli, Ram Mohan
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Haemodynamics / Flow dynamics
subject: Demineralisation-Bone
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Nuclear medicine conventional
subject: MR
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: Bones

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: 1.To elucidate the common and Uncommon Multimodality Imaging features of RSD(Reflex sympathetic Dystrophy). 2.To illustrate clinical scenarios associated with this condition and introduce the resident an easy to remember clinical and Imaging check...
title: When plasma cells go wrong: imaging features of Multiple Myeloma and Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma
Creators: name: Matos, Fernando
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Haematologic
subject: Bones
subject: Conventional radiography
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Staging
subject: Haematologic diseases

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: Understanding the range of imaging patterns of plasma cell dyscrasias, focusing on Multiple Myeloma (MM) and solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) using conventional radiographs, CT and...
title: PHACE syndrome: A pictorial review
Creators: name: Martin Pinacho, Jesus Javier
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Haemangioma
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: MR-Angiography
subject: MR
subject: Paediatric
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: Cardiovascular system

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: -Review five cases of children with PHACE syndrome. -Define the diagnostic criteria of PHACE syndrome. -Describe the segmental infantile hemangioma, the most common associated vascular anomalies and posterior fossa and cardiac...
Association between Features of Spontaneous Late Preterm Labor and Late Preterm Birth
Creators: name: Chien, E.K.
name: Blackwell, S.C.
name: Tita, A.T.N.
name: Rouse, D.J.
name: Saade, G.R.
name: Swamy, G.K.
name: Gyamfi-Bannerman, C.
name: Jain, L.
name: Peaceman, A.M.
name: Manuck, T.A.
name: Clark, E.A.S.
name: Boggess, K.A.
name: Sandoval, G.
name: Caritis, S.N.
name: Sorokin, Y.
name: Gibbs, R.S.
name: Battarbee, A.N.
name: Casey, B.M.
name: Iams, J.D.
name: Glover, A.V.
name: Reddy, U.M.
name: Tolosa, J.E.
name: Norton, M.E.
Publisher: name: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Year: 2020

description: Objective This study aimed to evaluate the association between clinical and examination features at admission and late preterm birth. Study Design The present study is a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of singleton pregnancies at 34 0/7 to 36 5/7 weeks' gestation. We included women in spontaneous preterm labor with intact membranes and compared them by gestational age at delivery (preterm vs. term). We calculated a statistical cut-point optimizing the sensitivity and specificity of initial cervical dilation and effacement at predicting preterm birth and used multivariable regression to identify factors associated with late preterm delivery. Results A total of 431 out of 732 (59%) women delivered preterm. Cervical dilation ≥ 4 cm was 60% sensitive and 68% specific for late preterm birth. Cervical effacement ≥ 75% was 59% sensitive and 65% specific for late preterm birth. Earlier gestational age at randomization, nulliparity, and fetal malpresentation were associated with late preterm birth. The final regression model including clinical and examination features significantly improved late preterm birth prediction (81% sensitivity, 48% specificity, area under the curve = 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.68-0.75, and p -value < 0.01). Conclusion Four in 10 women in late-preterm labor subsequently delivered at term. Combination of examination and clinical features (including parity and gestational age) improved late-preterm birth prediction.
Shell-like structures in our cosmic neighbourhood
Creators: name: Einasto, M.
name: Heinämäki, P.
name: Liivamägi, L. J.
name: Martinez, V. J.
name: Hurtado-Gil, L.
name: Arnalte-Mur, P.
name: Nurmi, P.
name: Einasto, J.
name: Saar, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Signatures of the processes in the early Universe are imprinted in the cosmic web. Some of them may define shell-like structures characterised by typical scales. We search for shell-like structures in the distribution of nearby rich clusters of galaxies drawn from the SDSS DR8. We calculate the distance distributions between rich clusters of galaxies, and groups and clusters of various richness, look for the maxima in the distance distributions, and select candidates of shell-like structures. We analyse the space distribution of groups and clusters forming shell walls. We find six possible candidates of shell-like structures, in which galaxy clusters have maxima in the distance distribution to other galaxy groups and clusters at the distance of about 120 Mpc/h. The rich galaxy cluster A1795, the central cluster of the Bootes supercluster, has the highest maximum in the distance distribution of other groups and clusters around them at the distance of about 120 Mpc/h among our rich cluster sample, and another maximum at the distance of about 240 Mpc/h. The structures of galaxy systems causing the maxima at 120 Mpc/h form an almost complete shell of galaxy groups, clusters and superclusters. The richest systems in the nearby universe, the Sloan Great Wall, the Corona Borealis supercluster and the Ursa Major supercluster are among them. The probability that we obtain maxima like this from random distributions is lower than 0.001. Our results confirm that shell-like structures can be found in the distribution of nearby galaxies and their systems. The radii of the possible shells are larger than expected for a BAO shell (approximately 109 Mpc/h versus approximately 120 Mpc/h), and they are determined by very rich galaxy clusters and superclusters with high density contrast while BAO shells are barely seen in the galaxy distribution. We discuss possible consequences of these differences.
description: Comments: 9 pages, 10 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics, in press
title: Gastrointestinal Basidiobolomycosis; what radiologist should know?
Creators: name: Wazzan, Mohammad
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Colon
subject: Small bowel
subject: CT
subject: Education
subject: Infection
subject: Abscess
subject: Cancer

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To be aware about this rare fungal infection that is commonly masquerading as a neoplastic mass or inflammatory bowel disease. To review the common imaging findings in the reported pathologically proved...
Maternal body mass index and cervical length among women with a history of spontaneous preterm birth†
Creators: name: Venkatesh, K.K.
name: Manuck, T.A.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Ltd
Year: 2020

description: Objectives: To evaluate whether women with a prior spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) with a higher body mass index (BMI) have a lower risk of a shortened cervix in a subsequent pregnancy. Study Design: A secondary analysis of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network RCT of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for recurrent SPTB prevention. All women had ≥1 prior SPTB <37 weeks, a singleton pregnancy, and initiated 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate(17-OHPC). The primary exposure was pre-pregnancy BMI. The primary outcome was the shortest transvaginal cervical length <30 mm. Results: Of the 356 women with a prior SPTB receiving 17-OHPC and a cervical length available, 108 (30%) were overweight and 103 (29%) obese; 12% had a cervical length <30 mm. Fewer overweight/obese women had a shortened cervix compared to normal-weight women (43 versus 57%; odds ratio: 0.47 [95%CI: 0.25–0.89]). After adjusting for maternal age, number of prior SPTBs, and tobacco use, overweight/obese women were less than half as likely to have a shortened cervix compared to normal-weight women (adjusted odds ratio: 0.46, 95%CI: 0.24–0.89). Conclusions: Overweight and obese women with a prior SPTB receiving 17-OHPC have longer cervical lengths compared to normal weight women, and this finding could explain a possible mechanism between the decreased rate of SPTB and larger BMI.
Identifying Risk Factors for Levels of Per- And Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in the Placenta in a High-Risk Pregnancy Cohort in North Carolina
Creators: name: Oldenburg, K.
name: Bangma, J.
name: Eaves, L.A.
name: Reiner, J.L.
name: Fry, R.C.
name: Manuck, T.
Publisher: name: American Chemical Society
Year: 2020

description: Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), a ubiquitous class of chemicals, is associated with adverse outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, low infant birth weight, and later-life adiposity. The objectives of this study were to examine PFAS levels in the placenta and identify sociodemographic risk factors in a high-risk pregnancy cohort (n = 122) in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Of concern, PFOS, PFHxS, PFHpS, and PFUnA were detected above the reporting limit in 99, 75, 55, and 49% of placentas, respectively. Maternal race/ethnicity was associated with significant differences in PFUnA levels. While the data from this high-risk cohort did not provide evidence for an association with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, fetal growth, or gestational age, the prevalence of detectable PFAS in the placenta suggests a need to biomonitor for exposure to PFAS during pregnancy. Future research should investigate factors underlying the differences in PFAS levels in association with a mother's race/ethnicity, as well as potential effects on pregnancy and child health.
title: Imaging findings of orbital lymphomas
Creators: name: Cimino, Elisa
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Lymphoma
subject: Localisation
subject: Decision analysis
subject: MR
subject: CT
subject: Oncology
subject: Head and neck
subject: Eyes

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: The aim of this work is to evaluate clinical and radiological features of orbital lymphomas and to discuss some differential...
Paraxial Theory of Direct Electro-Optic Sampling of the Quantum Vacuum
Creators: name: Moskalenko, Andrey S.
name: Riek, Claudius
name: Seletskiy, Denis V.
name: Burkard, Guido
name: Leitenstorfer, Alfred
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct detection of vacuum fluctuations and analysis of sub-cycle quantum properties of the electric field are explored by a paraxial quantum theory of ultrafast electro-optic sampling. The feasibility of such experiments is demonstrated by realistic calculations adopting a thin ZnTe electro-optic crystal and stable few-femtosecond laser pulses. We show that nonlinear mixing of a short near-infrared probe pulse with multi-terahertz vacuum field modes leads to an increase of the signal variance with respect to the shot noise level. The vacuum contribution increases significantly for appropriate length of the nonlinear crystal, short probe pulse durations, tight focusing, and sufficiently large number of photons per probe pulse. If the vacuum input is squeezed, the signal variance depends on the probe delay. Temporal positions with noise level below the pure vacuum may be traced with a sub-cycle accuracy.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
Beyond Cervical Length: Association between Postcerclage Transvaginal Ultrasound Parameters and Preterm Birth
Creators: name: Ellis, J.S.
name: Manuck, T.A.
name: Battarbee, A.N.
Publisher: name: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Objective To assess the value of transvaginal ultrasound parameters after cerclage placement in estimating the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Study Design This is a retrospective cohort at a single tertiary care center from 2013 to 2016. Women carrying a singleton, nonanomalous fetus with cerclage in situ and at least one postcerclage transvaginal ultrasound from 16 0/7 to 25 6/7 weeks' gestation were included. In addition to abstracting maternal demographic and obstetric characteristics, two study investigators separately reviewed each of the images from the first transvaginal ultrasound after cerclage placement, masked to pregnancy outcomes. We measured the angle between the anterior uterine wall and cervical canal at the internal os and external os, closed canal length above and below the stitch, width of the anterior and posterior cervix at the level of the cerclage, and stitch distance from the cervical canal. The presence of additional ultrasound findings such as sludge and cervical funneling was also noted. The main outcomes were preterm birth < 34 weeks and preterm birth < 37 weeks. Transvaginal ultrasound parameters were compared between women with preterm birth and those without preterm birth using chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Wilcoxon's rank-sum tests, as appropriate. Log binomial regression was used to estimate the relative risk of preterm birth for all significant obstetric and ultrasound characteristics. Results A total of 102 women met inclusion criteria: 58% had history-indicated, 20% ultrasound-indicated, and 23% exam-indicated cerclages. Of these, 28 (27.5%) women delivered at < 34 weeks' gestation, and 48 (47.0%) women delivered at < 37 weeks' gestation. Preterm birth did not vary by race, maternal age, insurance, smoking, or gestational age of the earliest prior preterm birth (for multiparous women), but women who had preterm birth were more likely to have exam-indicated cerclage. There were several transvaginal ultrasound parameters associated with preterm birth < 34 weeks and preterm birth < 37 weeks. Of these, cervical length below the stitch, stitch distance from the cervical canal, straight cervical canal, funneling to or past the stitch, and presence of sludge had the greatest effect sizes. Conclusion Rates of preterm birth are high postcerclage. In addition to measuring cervical length, utilization of postcerclage transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate the location of the cerclage within the cervix, the curvature of the cervical canal, and the presence of funneling and sludge may help identify women who are at the highest risk for preterm birth.
Retinoic acid is required for prostate luminal lineage differentiation and epithelial integrity via Foxa1 expression
Creators: name: De Felice, Dario
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: Retinoids are a class of compounds derived from the metabolism of vitamin A and ?-carotene. Retinoid signaling has vital functions in both vertebrate and invertebrate embryogenesis such as the formation of body axes and the control of organogenesis. Genetic evidence suggests a role of retinoids in cell fate decision, maturation and homeostasis of the prostate epithelium. Knockout (KO) of the retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARG) gene in mice leads to growth deficits and male sterility due to squamous metaplasia and keratinization of the seminal vesicles and prostate. Noteworthy, synergistic antitumor effects of retinoids and vitamin D have been described in prostate cancer cell lines, although a mechanistic link between retinoic acid (RA) signaling and prostate epithelium differentiation and tumorigenesis has not yet been elucidated. Here, taking advantage of mouse prostate organoids (mPrOs), we report an essential role for RA in the differentiation and integrity of the periurethral and proximal luminal compartments of the prostate epithelium. Mechanistically, RA, through the activation of RAR?, promotes the expression of Foxa1, a pioneer transcription factor that cooperates with androgen receptor (AR) in directing progenitor cells towards the luminal lineage. Reduced RA signaling in organoids leads to downregulation of key structural and polarity proteins along with a loss of luminal identity, a phenotype that is fully rescued by constitutive expression of exogenous Foxa1. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of RA signaling in prostate epithelium differentiation and homeostasis. In addition to the tumorigenic role of Foxa1 mutations recently described in several human cancers, alteration in RA pathway due to altered uptake/absorption/metabolism of vitamin A and ?-carotene, or depending on specific molecular dysfunctions (e.g., epigenetic RARB silencing), could represent a critical rheostat for prostate tumorigenesis.
Factors Associated with Previable Delivery following Second Trimester Rupture of Membranes
Creators: name: Dotters-Katz, S.
name: Smid, M.
name: Panzer, A.
name: Manuck, T.
name: Boggess, K.
Publisher: name: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Objective To identify factors associated with previable delivery in second trimester preterm rupture of membranes (PROM). Study Design We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of women with pregnancies complicated by second trimester PROM (14.0-21.9 weeks' gestation) from 2000 to 2015 who elected expectant pregnancy management and achieved at least 24 hours latency. Maternal characteristics and clinical factors were compared among pregnancies that reached viability (≥ 23.0 weeks) and pregnancies delivered before viability (< 23.0 weeks) using appropriate statistical methods. Results Of 73 pregnancies complicated by second trimester PROM, 49 (67%) delivered before viability. Maternal race, history of preterm birth, and tobacco use were similar between women who delivered < 23 weeks versus ≥ 23 weeks. Gestational age at PROM, cervical dilation > 1cm, Group B streptococcus carrier status, bacterial vaginosis, and chlamydial infection during pregnancy were similar between groups. Median time to delivery was significantly shorter in women who delivered < 23 weeks compared with those who reached ≥ 23 weeks (6 vs. 46 days, p < 0.01). Conclusion Previable delivery occurred in the majority of women with second trimester PROM. No maternal or clinical factors were associated with delivery prior to viability. Counseling women with second trimester PROM should include the inability to determine which pregnancies will reach viability.
Use of plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria to alleviate the effects of individual and combined abiotic stresses on plants as an innovative approach to discover new delivery strategies for bacterial bio-stimulants
Creators: name: Tufail, Muhammad Aammar
Publisher: name: Universit� degli studi di Trento
Year: 2021

description: Bacterial endophytes are the organisms that live inside the plant for a full or a part of their life cycle. Endophytic bacteria have captured the interest of agriculture industry due to their plant beneficial properties, such as synthesis of phytohormones, solubilization of soil nutrients, and alleviation of biotic and abiotic stresses. Several studies have reported that stress tolerant endophytic bacteria can work with a similar performance as non-stressed conditions when inoculated to the plants under stressed conditions. Combination of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought and low nitrogen stress can have additive or agonistic effects on bacterial and plant growth, and their interactions. However, very few studies have reported the impact of combined stress on endophytic bacterial assisted plant growth promotion. Therefore, understanding the underlying mechanisms of endophytic bacterial assisted plant?s tolerance abiotic stresses may provide the means of better exploiting the beneficial abilities of endophytic bacteria in agricultural production. Thus, the aim of this thesis was to study the stress tolerance mechanisms, beneficial characteristics, and plant growth promotion characteristics of endophytic bacteria under individual and combined abiotic stresses. Transcriptome analysis of endophytic bacteria revealed that tolerance mechanisms to deal with one kind of stress is different than concurrent stresses. Salinity and drought stress largely modulated the genes involved in flagellar assembly and membrane transport, showing reduced motility under stress conditions to preserve the energy. Additionally, bacterial endophyte that can fix nitrogen was studied with maize plant growth promotion under drought and low nitrogen stress conditions. The results suggested that diazotrophic bacterial endophyte can promote plant growth under moderate individual and combined stress conditions. Plant growth promoting endophytic bacteria can be utilized as an efficient tool to increase crop production under individual and concurrent abiotic stresses.
Complex geodesics, their boundary regularity, and a Hardy--Littlewood-type lemma
Creators: name: Bharali, Gautam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Complex Variables (math.CV)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: Primary: 30H05, 32H40, Secondary: 32F45

description: We begin by giving an example of a smoothly bounded convex domain that has complex geodesics that do not extend continuously up to $\partial\mathbb{D}$. This example suggests that continuity at the boundary of the complex geodesics of a convex domain $Ω\Subset \mathbb{C}^n$, $n\geq 2$, is affected by the extent to which $\partialΩ$ curves or bends at each boundary point. We provide a sufficient condition to this effect (on $\mathcal{C}^1$-smoothly bounded convex domains), which admits domains having boundary points at which the boundary is infinitely flat. Along the way, we establish a Hardy--Littlewood-type lemma that might be of independent interest.
description: 10 pages; to appear in Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennicae. Math
A characterization of the $\hat{A}$-genus as a linear combination of Pontrjagin numbers
Creators: name: Li, Ping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: Algebraic Topology (math.AT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C21, 57R20, 53C23, 57R75

description: We show in this short note that if a rational linear combination of Pontrjagin numbers vanishes on all simply-connected $4k$-dimensional closed connected and oriented spin manifolds admitting a Riemannian metric whose Ricci curvature is nonnegative and nonzero at any point, then this linear combination must be a multiple of the $\hat{A}$-genus, which improves on a result of Gromov and Lawson. Our proof combines an idea of Atiyah and Hirzebruch and the celebrated Calabi-Yau theorem.
description: 5 pages
title: MDCT in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Diagnosis and Staging
Creators: name: Ouji, Rim
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Abdomen
subject: Pancreas
subject: CT
subject: Diagnostic procedure
subject: Cancer

description: Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References
description: Aims and objectives: Adenocarcinoma represents 90% of malignant pancreatic tumors [1,2]. It is associated with a poor prognosis, with less than 5% of patients surviving 5 years after diagnosis [3-5]. Only 15 to 20% of patients have resectable disease at the time of...
(101728) Sarah Lydia Stone
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Alcohol in pregnancy: not recommended at any gestational age
Creators: name: Sun, S.V.
name: Manuck, T.A.
Publisher: name: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Preterm birth remains a multifactorial, worldwide problem. Though there are multiple established risk factors for preterm birth (e.g. previous preterm birth, short cervix), the association between maternal alcohol consump-tion and prematurity is less clear, with risk ratios ranging from 0.66 (95% CI 0.52–0.84) to 1.34 (95% CI 1.28–1.41)(Strandberg-Larsen et al. Eur J Epi-demiol 2017;32:751–64; Aliyu et al. Eur J Public Health 2010;20:582–7).
(101725) Augustus Gardinier Stevens
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Maternal obesity, fish intake, and recurrent spontaneous preterm birth
Creators: name: Manuck, T.A.
name: Sen, S.
name: Stuebe, A.M.
name: Smid, M.C.
Publisher: name: Taylor and Francis Ltd
Year: 2019

description: Objective: Moderate fish intake in early pregnancy is associated with decreased risk of preterm birth (PTB). Obesity during pregnancy is characterized by inflammation and insufficiency of essential fatty acids. The objective of this study was to measure the association between fish intake during pregnancy and risk of recurrent spontaneous (s) PTB among lean, overweight, and obese women. Design: This is secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation for recurrent PTB prevention, 2005–2006. The primary exposure was fish intake at time of enrollment (16–22.9-week gestation). The primary outcomes were sPTB <37 weeks and sPTB <35 weeks. Maternal prepregnancy body mass index was treated as an effect modifier. Subjects: Eight hundred and fifty-two women were included, 47% were lean, 25% overweight, and 28% obese. Results: In this cohort, among lean, but not overweight or obese women, ≥1 serving of fish per week was associated with decreased frequency of sPTB <37 weeks compared with <1 serving of fish per week (45.1% versus 27.5%, p =.001) and spontaneous PTB <35 (21.4% versus 11.6%, p =.01). In adjusted models, as fish intake increased, the predicted probability of sPTB decreased in lean women but increased in overweight and obese women (p for interaction <.10). Conclusion: Fish intake was associated with lower probability of sPTB in lean women and higher probability in obese women. These findings warrant further investigation to understand the dietary or metabolic factors associated with obesity that may modulate benefit of fish intake during pregnancy.
Effect of a High-Fat Diet and Metformin on Placental mTOR Signaling in Mice
Creators: name: Manuck, T.
name: Grace, M.R.
name: Boggess, K.
name: Bae-Jump, V.
name: Zhou, C.
name: Dotters-Katz
Publisher: name: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.
Year: 2019

description: Objective This study was aimed to measure the effects of a high-fat diet and metformin on placental mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in mice. Study Design Pregnant friend virus B (FVB)-strain mice were allocated on embryonic day (e) 0.5 to one of four groups; group 1: control diet (CD, 10% fat) + control treatment (CT), group 2: CD + metformin treatment (MT), group 3: high-fat diet (HFD, 60% fat) + CT, and group 4: HFD + MT. Metformin (2.5 mg/mL) was provided in water; CT mice received water. Fetuses and placentas were collected. Western blot measured placental p-Akt and p-S6 expression. Results 20 dams (five/group) and 192 fetuses were studied. Compared with CD-fed, HFD-fed dams had higher placental p-Akt protein expression (p < 0.0001). Among HFD-dams, placental p-Akt was higher in metformin-treated compared with control-treated (p < 0.001). Among CD-fed dams, there was no significant difference in placental p-S6 expression in MT versus CT groups. Among HFD-fed dams placental p-S6 expression was lower in those exposed to metformin-treated versus controls (p = 0.001). Conclusion Increased placental mTOR signaling and metformin inhibition of placental mTOR signaling only occurred in the presence of an HFD exposure. These findings suggest that metformin may modulate placental mTOR signaling in the presence of metabolic exposures during pregnancy.
(101726) Emily Elizabeth Stevens
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Predictors of Postpartum Depression: A Comprehensive Review of the Last Decade of Evidence
Creators: name: Guintivano, J.
name: Manuck, T.
name: Meltzer-Brody, S.
Publisher: name: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins
Year: 2018

description: Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most frequent complications of childbirth affecting 500,000 women annually (prevalence 10% to 15%). Despite the documented adverse outcomes for mother and child, there remains a great need to develop prospective approaches to identify women at risk. This review examines some of the best-characterized molecular and clinical risk factors for PPD. We illustrate that this is a growing literature but there remains a lack of reliable molecular predictors for PPD. Current best predictors are clinical assessments for psychiatric history and adverse life events, highlighting the need for increased depression screening across the perinatal period.
title: Imaging of clival and paraclival lesions: a differential diagnosis.
Creators: name: Ruiz Martín, María
Publisher: name: European Congress of Radiology
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Anatomy
subject: Neuroradiology brain
subject: CT
subject: MR
subject: Imaging sequences
subject: Developmental disease

description: Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References
description: Learning objectives: To describe the anatomy of the clivus. To identify the different imaging patterns of clival and paraclival lesions by usingMRI and CT...
Early Predictions of Movie Success: the Who, What, and When of Profitability
Creators: name: Lash, Michael T.
name: Zhao, Kang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Social and Information Networks (cs.SI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: H.4.2; H.2.8
subject: 68U35

description: This paper proposes a decision support system to aid movie investment decisions at the early stage of movie productions. The system predicts the success of a movie based on its profitability by leveraging historical data from various sources. Using social network analysis and text mining techniques, the system automatically extracts several groups of features, including "who" are on the cast, "what" a movie is about, "when" a movie will be released, as well as "hybrid" features that match "who" with "what", and "when" with "what". Experiment results with movies during an 11-year period showed that the system outperforms benchmark methods by a large margin in predicting movie profitability. Novel features we proposed also made great contributions to the prediction. In addition to designing a decision support system with practical utilities, our analysis of key factors for movie profitability may also have implications for theoretical research on team performance and the success of creative work.
VVV Survey Observations of a Microlensing Stellar Mass Black Hole Candidate in the Field of the Globular Cluster NGC 6553
Creators: name: Minniti, D.
name: Ramos, R. Contreras
name: Alonso-Garcia, J.
name: Anguita, T.
name: Catelan, M.
name: Gran, F.
name: Motta, V.
name: Muro, G.
name: Rojas, K.
name: Saito, R. K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of a large timescale candidate microlensing event of a bulge stellar source based on near-infrared observations with the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea Survey (VVV). The new microlensing event is projected only 3.5 arcmin away from the center of the globular cluster NGC 6553. The source appears to be a bulge giant star with magnitude Ks = 13.52, based on the position in the color-magnitude diagram. The foreground lens may be located in the globular cluster, which has well-known parameters such as distance and proper motions. If the lens is a cluster member, we can directly estimate its mass simply following Paczynski et al. (1996) which is a modified version of the more general case due to Refsdal. In that case, the lens would be a massive stellar remnant, with M = 1.5-3.5 Msun. If the blending fraction of the microlensing event appears to be small, and this lens would represent a good isolated black hole (BH) candidate, that would be the oldest BH known. Alternative explanations (with a larger blending fraction) also point to a massive stellar remnant if the lens is located in the Galactic disk and does not belong to the globular cluster.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJL