cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of secondary alkyl sulfonates
Creators: name: Pu, Xupei
name: Sun, Yongqiang
name: Zhou, Jingjie
name: Liu, Yuqi
name: Sun, Jinyuan
name: Liang, Huibin
name: Liu, Guanjie
name: Wang, Chunyu
name: Zhang, Ke
name: Di Serio, Martino
name: Vitiello, Rosa
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Medicine
Pharmacology
Biotechnology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Currently, there are totaling two production methods of sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate SAS 60, that are, sulfochlorination and sulfoxidation. These two methods involving SO2 (the first one is also Cl2) may be harmful to the enviroment. In this paper, sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate was synthesized by NaHSO3 addition reaction of dodecane’s double bond with azodiisobutyronitrile as catalyst, and the yield was over 95% within 2 h. The reaction avoids SO2 and Cl2, with the preparation process being simple and safe. The target product β-sodium dodecyl sulfonate was characterized by FT-IR, mass spectrometry,1H NMR and 13C NMR characterization. The physical and chemical properties such as surface tension, contact angle, wettability, emulsification, foaming and decontamination were tested. The results demonstrate that the Krafft point for the determination of sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate is 26 °C, with its CMC of 2.93 × 10−3 mol/L and γcmc of 27.06 mN/m according to γ-lgc curve. The results of thermodynamic parameters depict that micellization of the surfactants is a spontaneous process. Compared with conventional SAS 60, sodium secondary alkyl sulfonate is an anionic surfactant with excellent emulsifying ability, favorable foam performance and corking foam stability.
Neutrino masses beyond the tree level
Creators: name: Sierra, D. Aristizabal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models for Majorana neutrino masses can be classified according to the level in perturbation theory at which the effective dimension five operator $LLHH$ is realized. The possibilities range from the tree-level up to the three-loop level realizations. We discuss some general aspects of this approach and speculate about a model independent classification of the possible cases. Among all the realizations, those in which the effective operator is induced by radiative corrections open the possibility for lepton number violation near -or at- the electroweak scale. We discuss some phenomenological aspects of two generic radiative realizations: the Babu-Zee model and supersymmetric models with bilinear R-parity violation.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures. Contribution to the workshop "30 years of strong interactions", Spa, Belgium, 6-8 April 2011
Resonance expansion of quadratic quantities with regularized quasinormal modes
Creators: name: Betz, Fridtjof
name: Binkowski, Felix
name: Hammerschmidt, Martin
name: Zschiedrich, Lin
name: Burger, Sven
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Resonance expansions are an intuitive approach to capture the interaction of an optical resonator with light. Here, we present a quasinormal mode expansion approach for quadratic observables exploiting the rigorous Riesz projection method. We demonstrate the approach by a numerical implementation of a state-of-the-art quantum light source and emphasize the ability of the approach to provide modal expansions outside the underlying nanophotonic resonator.
Risk, Transgression and Substance Use: An Ethnography of Young British Tourists in Ibiza
Creators: name: Briggs, Daniel
name: Turner, Tim
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2013
Subjects: risk; transgression; substances; youth on holiday; ethnography

description: British youth have a notorious reputation for binge drinking, drug use, sex and risk behaviours within most major European holiday resorts. Consequently, there is much concern about their social activities abroad - especially in the Spanish Balearics. While research has documented these behaviours among British youth on these islands, it has tended to rely on survey data and oﬀ ered little understanding of why these behaviours might take place. This is the principle aim of our paper. Our research aims were to examine the drinking attitudes among British youth abroad and investigate the reasons that underpin these attitudes. Additional research interests were drug use, sex and risk behaviours. The paper is based on ﬁ ndings from ethnographic research with British youth in San Antonio, Ibiza. We spent one week with British youth and undertook participant observation and 17 focus groups (equating to 97 young people aged 17 to 31). The data suggests that British youth engage in these behaviours because they are exciting; to escape the constraints of work and family in the UK; and because these behaviours are integral to the construction of their life biographies and identities. The data also indicates that these behaviours are aggressively endorsed by various aspects of the social context of Ibiza.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 3, No 2 (2011): Special Issue
Gendered Negotiations: Engagements with ‘Modernity’ and Identity Change amongst Chiapeneco Youth in Mexico
Creators: name: Ruse, Jamie-Leigh
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2013
Subjects: youth; gender; globalisation; modernity; Mexico

description: In this paper I wish to examine how changes have occurred in the processes of gendered identity construction amongst Mexican youths through examining local experiences of global, and speciﬁ cally Mexican, modernities. Based on ﬁ eldwork carried out amongst youths in the city of San Cristobal de las Casas, in the southern Mexican state of Chiapas, my analysis addresses how youths plan for the future in the context of economic and political marginalisation, and how this aﬀ ects the way in which they pursue diﬀ erent forms of romantic relationships. I also address changes that have occurred in youths’ understandings, perceptions and performances of their gendered identities in the context of a highly developed local tourist industry, the advent of mass media, and new online social worlds. My study shows how gendered identity construction amongst youths here becomes context-dependent, and how it encompasses individual agency whilst at the same time being negotiated through wider structural and social limitations. I also wish to demonstrate how changing gendered identities amongst youths are constantly constructed and renegotiated by individuals seeking to accommodate notions of modernity with perceptions of the traditional, and how these individuals balance contesting notions of gendered identities within themselves. This is, therefore, a study of local and gendered identity change amongst youths in the context of localised modernities and rapid social change.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 3, No 2 (2011): Special Issue
Theory of Solar Meridional Circulation at High Latitudes
Creators: name: Dikpati, Mausumi
name: Gilman, Peter A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We build a hydrodynamical model for computing and understanding the Sun's large-scale high latitude flows, including Coriolis forces, turbulent diffusion of momentum and gyroscopic pumping. Side boundaries of the spherical 'polar cap', our computational domain, are located at latitudes $\geq 60^{\circ}$. Implementing observed low latitude flows as side boundary conditions, we solve the flow equations for a cartesian analog of the polar cap. The key parameter that determines whether there are nodes in the high latitude meridional flow is $ε=2 Ωn πH^2/ν$, in which $Ω$ is the interior rotation rate, n the radial wavenumber of the meridional flow, $H$ the depth of the convection zone and $ν$ the turbulent viscosity. The smaller the $ε$ (larger turbulent viscosity), the fewer the number of nodes in high latitudes. For all latitudes within the polar cap, we find three nodes for $ν=10^{12}{\rm cm}^2{\rm s}^{-1}$, two for $10^{13}$, and one or none for $10^{15}$ or higher. For $ν$ near $10^{14}$ our model exhibits 'node merging': as the meridional flow speed is increased, two nodes cancel each other, leaving no nodes. On the other hand, for fixed flow speed at the boundary, as $ν$ is increased the poleward most node migrates to the pole and disappears, ultimately for high enough $ν$ leaving no nodes. These results suggest that primary poleward surface meridional flow can extend from $60^{\circ}$ to the pole either by node-merging or by node migration and disappearance.
description: Accepted in ApJ
On the Rankin-Selberg problem in short intervals
Creators: name: Ivić, Aleksandar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 11N37, 44A15, 26A12

description: If $$ Δ(x) \;:=\; \sum_{n\leqslant x}c_n - Cx\qquad(C>0) $$ denotes the error term in the classical Rankin-Selberg problem, then we obtain a non-trivial upper bound for the mean square of $Δ(x+U) - Δ(x)$ for a certain range of $U = U(X)$. In particular, under the Lindelöf hypothesis for $ζ(s)$, it is shown that $$ \int_X^{2X} \Bigl(Δ(x+U)-Δ(x)\Bigr)^2\,{\roman d} x \;\ll_ε\; X^{9/7+ε}U^{8/7}, $$ while under the Lindelöf hypothesis for the Rankin-Selberg zeta-function the integral is bounded by $X^{1+ε}U^{4/3}$. An analogous result for the discrete second moment of $Δ(x+U)-Δ(x)$ also holds.
description: 12 pages
Casimir forces beyond the proximity approximation
Creators: name: Bimonte, G.
name: Emig, T.
name: Jaffe, R. L.
name: Kardar, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The proximity force approximation (PFA) relates the interaction between closely spaced, smoothly curved objects to the force between parallel plates. Precision experiments on Casimir forces necessitate, and spur research on, corrections to the PFA. We use a derivative expansion for gently curved surfaces to derive the leading curvature modifications to the PFA. Our methods apply to any homogeneous and isotropic materials; here we present results for Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions and for perfect conductors. A Padé extrapolation constrained by a multipole expansion at large distance and our improved expansion at short distances, provides an accurate expression for the sphere-plate Casimir force at all separations.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure
Adhesion of methylene blue and malachite green to the surface of copolymer synthesized by grafting itaconic acid onto cellulose backbone – experimental and computational studies
Creators: name: Oninla, Vincent Olukayode
name: Awokoya, Kehinde Nurudeen
name: Olasunkanmi, Lukman Olawale
name: Oyelaran, Tolulope Ezra
name: Babalola, Jonathan Oyebamiji
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: This report describes the graft copolymerization of itaconic acid onto cellulose isolated from plantain trunk, using ammonium persulfate as initiator. Optimum grafting condition was established at 0.025 mol/L initiator concentration, 60 °C, 60 min grafting time and 3 g monomer mass. Characterization of the bio-materials indicated the success of the cellulose isolation and the grafting processes. At optimum grafting condition, about 34.0% grafting yield was obtained. With 25 mg of the co-polymer (PTC-g-IA), MB and MG uptake were 72.5 and 56.9 mg/g, respectively. These values represent about 2-fold sorption enhancement when compared with ungranted cellulose (PTC). The sorption process was influenced by solution pH, contact time, dye concentration and temperature. Modeling of the adsorption process indicated that the Pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 of unity and the Langmuir isothermal model (R2: 0.9622 (MB) and 0.9880 (MG)) best described the sorption process. Thermodynamic study described a feasible, spontaneous and exothermic process. Free energy value of 7.07 kJ/mol, and ΔH° values of <20kJ/mol, suggested a physisorption process. This was corroborated by the computational study which indicated non-covalent interactions between atoms in the dyes and the adsorbents. These interactions were stronger with the co-polymer. The interaction energies calculated for the dye-adsorbent interaction (-38.215, −52.868, −47.299 and −57.848 kJ/mol for PTC-MB, PTC-MG, PTC-g-IA-MB and PTC-g-IA-MG, respectively) show stronger interactions between PTC-g-IA and the dye molecules compared to pure cellulose in line with experimental observations. In overall, this study portrays the cellulose-based co-polymer as having the potential of easily removing MB and MG from wastewater.
Thermal Transport Imaging in the Quantum Hall Edge Channel
Creators: name: Moore, J. N.
name: Kamiyama, A.
name: Mano, T.
name: Yusa, G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Research focused on heat transport in the quantum Hall (QH) edge channel has successfully addressed fundamental theoretical questions surrounding the QH physics. However, the picture of the edge channel is complicated by the phenomenon of energy dissipation out of the edge, and theories treating this dissipation are lacking. More experimental data is also needed to determine the coupling mechanism by which energy leaves the edge channel. We developed a method to map the heat transport in the QH edge to study the dissipation of heat. We locally heated the QH edge and locally detected the temperature increase while continuously varying the distance between heater and thermometer. We thereby obtained the thermal decay length of the edge state.
DFT analysis for structure, vibrational assignments, and molecular properties of medicinally important isoquinoline
Creators: name: Mir, M. Amin
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Biophysics
Biochemistry
Medicine
Pharmacology
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: 2-Benzanine, also recognized as isoquinoline or benzo pyridine, acts as a weak tertiary base with diverse biological and pharmacological effects. These include potential activities against Parkinson’s disease, antimalarial, anti-HIV, insect growth, anticancer, antibiotic, antileukemic properties, and the ability to serve as a chiral ligand scaffold. In this study, the B3LYP technique and the basis set 6-311++G(d, p) were employed for both computational and experimental examinations of isoquinoline using density functional theory (DFT). The findings revealed that isoquinoline possesses a dipole moment of 2.004 D and rotational constants (GHz) of 3.101, 1.22, and 0.875. Various tests, including IR, UV–visible, HNMR, and binding energies, corroborated the experimental results. Analyzing the computed energy difference between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) at −5.581 eV and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) at 1.801 eV indicated the stability of isoquinoline, with an energy gap of 3.78 eV. The electron polarizability and chemical hardness values were found to be 1.89 and 0.529, respectively. Drug-likeness tests suggest that isoquinoline could function as an antibiotic, given its similarity in effects to other compounds such as isoquinoline, quinolone, debrisoquine, palmatine, columbamine, and jatropine.
Subcultural Tastes in Latvia 2002-2010: The Content of Style
Creators: name: Daugavietis, Jānis
name: Lāce, Ilze
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2013
Subjects: musical taste; secondary school pupils; subcultural genres; traditional subcultures; Latvia

description: By carrying out a quantitative analysis of the musical taste of secondary school pupils, we attempt to understand how their tastes are formed, what their ‘subcultural element’ is and how it has changed over an eight-year period. Both in the classiﬁ cation of tastes and in the explanation of their meaning, as well as in the interpretations of the concept of subculture, we employ a group of conceptually related theories: Pierre Bordieu’s ‘sociology of taste’ and Richard Peterson’s thesis of omnivorism; as well as traditional and postmodern theories of subculture. Analysing the subcultural musical tastes, we conclude that the data from the 2010 questionnaire shows a far more ‘postmodern’ musical taste than that of the 2002 questionnaires. The distinctions between the groups of musical tastes are not as pronounced, the principles by which they are formed are less strict, and their content is more heterogeneous. Analysing the social factor (structure) and the relation of taste, a similar trend is observable – the homologous eﬀ ect is weakening, although in certain cases it is still evident, namely in relation to gender and ethnicity.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 3, No 2 (2011): Special Issue
VLT spectroscopy of low-metallicity emission-line galaxies: abundance patterns and abundance discrepancies
Creators: name: Guseva, N. G.
name: Izotov, Y. I.
name: Stasinska, G.
name: Fricke, K. J.
name: Henkel, C.
name: Papaderos, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We present deep spectroscopy of a large sample of low-metallicity emission-line galaxies. The main goal of this study is to derive element abundances in these low-metallicity galaxies. We analyze 121 VLT spectra of HII regions in 46 low-metallicity emission-line galaxies. 83 of these spectra are archival VLT/FORS1+UVES spectra of HII regions in 31 low-metallicity emission-line galaxies that are studied for the first time with standard direct methods to determine the electron temperatures, the electron number densities, and the chemical abundances. The oxygen abundance of the sample lies in the range 12 + log O/H = 7.2-8.4. The Ne/O ratio increases with increasing oxygen abundance. The Fe/O ratio decreases from roughly solar at the lowest metallicities to about one tenth of solar, indicating that the degree of depletion of iron into dust grains depends on metallicity. The N/O ratio in extremely low-metallicity galaxies with 12+logO/H<7.5 shows a slight increase with decreasing oxygen abundance. We present the first empirical relation between the electron temperature derived from [SIII]6312/9069 or [NII]5755/6583 and the one derived from [OIII]4363/(4959+5007) in low-metallicity galaxies. In a number of objects, the abundances of C^++ and O^++ could be derived from recombination lines. Our study confirms the discrepancy between abundances found from recombination lines (RLs) and collisionally excited lines (CELs) and that C/O increases with O/H.
description: 51 pages, 14 figures, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Cosmological Simulations of Two-Component Wave Dark Matter
Creators: name: Huang, Hsinhao
name: Schive, Hsi-Yu
name: Chiueh, Tzihong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wave (fuzzy) dark matter ($ψ$DM) consists of ultralight bosons, featuring a solitonic core within a granular halo. Here we extend $ψ$DM to two components, with distinct particle masses $m$ and coupled only through gravity, and investigate the resulting soliton-halo structure via cosmological simulations. Specifically, we assume $ψ$DM contains $75$ per cent major component and $25$ per cent minor component, fix the major-component particle mass to $m_{\rm major}=1\times10^{-22}\,{\rm eV}$, and explore two different minor-component particle masses with $m_{\rm major}:m_{\rm minor}=3:1$ and $1:3$, respectively. For $m_{\rm major}:m_{\rm minor}=3:1$, we find that (i) the major- and minor-component solitons coexist, have comparable masses, and are roughly concentric. (ii) The soliton peak density is significantly lower than the single-component counterpart, leading to a smoother soliton-to-halo transition and rotation curve. (iii) The combined soliton mass of both components follows the same single-component core-halo mass relation. In dramatic contrast, for $m_{\rm major}:m_{\rm minor}=1:3$, a minor-component soliton cannot form with the presence of a stable major-component soliton; the total density profile, for both halo and soliton, is thus dominated by the major component and closely follows the single-component case. To support this finding, we propose a toy model illustrating that it is difficult to form a soliton in a hot environment associated with a deep gravitational potential. The work demonstrates the extra flexibility added to the multi-component $ψ$DM model can resolve observational tensions over the single-component model while retaining its key features.
description: 19 pages, 24 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Enhancement of cold flowability for high waxy crude oil by the mildly crosslinked poly(styrene-octadecyl acrylate)
Creators: name: Yan, Shuiliang
name: Li, Xinyuan
name: Zhang, Junjie
name: Xiao, Peng
name: Niu, Meifei
name: Pi, Yanfu
name: Xu, Jun
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Biophysics
subject: Biochemistry
subject: Physical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: The precipitation of wax at low temperature often leads to the viscosity increase of waxy crude oil, and even causes the blockage of pipelines in severe cases. The addition of polymer additives is an effective method for inhibiting wax precipitation. In the present work, poly(styrene-octadecyl acrylate)s with low crosslinking density were prepared through microemulsion polymerization, with styrene and octadecyl acrylate as monomers and N-(hydroxyethyl) acrylamide (NMA) as the crosslinking agent. The chemical structures and molecular weights of polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography, respectively. The crosslinking densities (CLD) of polymers were determined in the range of 1.32 × 10−4 to 4.66 × 10−4 cm3/mol by the dissolution equilibrium method. Waxy model oils were prepared to explore the crosslinked polymers on the wax crystallization behaviors by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) approaches and isothermal crystallization kinetics (ICK). As the CLD of polymers increases to 1.99 × 10−4 cm3/mol, the crystallinity index (CI), grain size, and structural strength of the wax crystals decrease. However, as the CLD of polymers is further increased to 4.66 × 10−4cm3/mol, all of the above parameters increase, due to the deterioration of the co-crystallization ability of polymers. In the ICK tests, The Avrami index n of the model oil samples increases from 1.94 to 2.43 as the CLD increases, implying that the nucleation effect of polymers is increased. The effect of CLD on the cold flowability of Inner Mongolia crude oil was investigated by pour point test, rheology, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and polarized light microscopy (PLM). The results show that the pour point, viscosity, yield stress, thixotropic ring area, cumulative wax precipitation and wax crystal size of the crude oil decrease when the CLD of polymers increases to 1.99 × 10−4 cm3/mol. However, if the CLD is further increased to 4.66 × 10−4 cm3/mol, all of the parameters increase. Consequently, the mechanism for the improvement of waxy crude oil by mildly crosslinked polymer is proposed.
Evaluation of the data handling pipeline of the ASTRID framework
Creators: name: Lamanna, Guerino
name: Repetto, Matteo
name: Carrega, Alessandro
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Elastic stack, containers, monitoring, Kafka

description: Effective attack detection and security analytics rely on the availability of timely and fine-grained information about the evolving context of the protected environment. The data handling process entails collection from heterogeneous sources, local aggregation and transformation operations before transmission, and finally collection and delivery to multiple processing engines for analysis and correlation. Many SIEM tools work according to the "funnel" principle: gather as much data as possible and then filter it to keep the relevant information. However, this might lead to unacceptable overhead, especially when monitoring containerized environments. As part of our activity in ASTRID, we therefore conducted experimental investigation on resource consumption of the data handling pipeline, starting from embedded agents up to delivery to the Context Broker.
‘Looking like my favourite Barbie’ – Online Gender Construction of Tween Girls in Estonia and in Sweden
Creators: name: Siibak, Andra
name: Hernwall, Patrik
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2013
Subjects: tweens; SNS; gender; identity

description: The aim of this article is to analyse how tween girls in Estonia and in Sweden describe and discover their gender identities when selecting proﬁ le images for social networking sites (SNSs). To this end, interviews with tweens in Estonia (N=21) and in Sweden (N=31) were carried out. As SNSs largely exist without the recognisable surveillance of adults, children can explore the social matrix of relating to others, and they also feel safe to try out and display diﬀ erent constructions and reconstructions of their identity. At the same time, in communicating online, impression management is formulated with constant worry about how to construct one’s virtual identity so that it will be appreciated and accepted by one’s peer group. In this article, our analysis focuses on the most popular posing strategies used by tween girls, which, it turns out, are often marked by reproduction of the dominant heterosexual cultural norms and values.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 3, No 2 (2011): Special Issue
Anisotropic Light-Matter Interactions in Single Crystal Topological Insulator Bismuth Selenide
Creators: name: Rawat, Divya
name: Singh, Aditya
name: Singh, Niraj Kumar
name: Soni, Ajay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropy of light-matter interactions in materials give remarkable information about the phonons and their interactions with electrons. We report the angle-resolved polarized Raman spectroscopy of single-crystal of Bi2Se3 to obtain the elements of Raman tensor for understanding the strength of polarization along different crystallographic orientations. Intensity variation in the polar plots corresponding to E_g^1 ~ 37 cm-1, A_1g^1 ~71 cm-1, E_g^2 ~ 130 cm-1, and A_1g^2 ~ 173 cm-1 suggests the higher differential polarizability along cross-plane (bc-plane). The polar patterns and the differences in elements of the Raman tensor provides the evidence of the fundamental electron-phonon and anisotropic light matter interactions in Bi2Se3.
description: 11 pages and 4 figures
Density-dependent and independent mechanisms jointly reduce species performance under nitrogen enrichment
Creators: name: Issaka, David Sampson
name: Gross, Or
name: Ayilara, Itunuoluwa
name: Schabes, Talia
name: DeMalach, Niv
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Populations and Evolution (q-bio.PE)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Nitrogen (N) deposition is a primary driver of species loss in plant communities globally. However, the mechanisms by which high N availability causes species loss remain unclear. Many hypotheses for species loss with increasing N availability highlight density-dependent mechanisms, i.e., changes in species interactions. However, an alternative set of hypotheses highlights density-independent detrimental effects of nitrogen (e.g., N toxicity). We tested the role of density-dependent and density-independent mechanisms in reducing species performance. For this aim, we used 120 experimental plant communities comprised of annual species growing together in containers under four fertilization treatments: (1) no nutrient addition(, (2) all nutrients except N (P, K, and micronutrients), (3) Low N, and (4) high N. Each fertilization treatment included two sowing densities to differentiate between the effects of competition (N * density interactions) and other detrimental effects of N. We focused on three performance attributes: the probability of reaching the reproduction period, biomass growth, and population growth. We found that individual biomass and population growth rates decreased with increasing sowing density in all nutrient treatments, implying that species interactions were predominantly negative. The common grass had a higher biomass and population growth under N enrichment, regardless of sowing density. In contrast, the legume showed a density-independent reduction in biomass growth with increasing N. Lastly, the small forb showed a density-dependent reduction in population growth, i.e., the decline occurred only under high density. Our results demonstrate that density-dependent and density-independent mechanisms operate simultaneously to reduce species performance under high N availability. Yet, their relative importance varies among species and life stages.
A double-hybrid density functional based on good local physics with outstanding performance on the GMTKN55 database
Creators: name: Becke, Axel D.
name: Santra, Golokesh
name: Martin, Jan M. L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In two recent papers [A. D. Becke, J. Chem. Phys. 156, 214101 (2022) and 157, 234102 (2022)] we compared two Kohn-Sham density functionals based on physical modelling and theory with the best density-functional power-series fits in the literature. The best error statistics reported to date for a hybrid functional on the GMTKN55 chemical database of Goerigk, Grimme, and coworkers [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 19, 32184 (2017)] were obtained. In the present work, additional second-order perturbation-theory terms are considered. The result is a 12-parameter double-hybrid (DH) density functional with the lowest GMTKN55 "WTMAD2" error yet seen for a DH functional. We call it "DH23".
description: 23 pages + supporting information, J. Chem. Phys., accepted
An atomistic insight into moiré reconstruction in Twisted Bilayer Graphene beyond the magic angle
Creators: name: Dey, Aditya
name: Chowdhury, Shoieb Ahmed
name: Peña, Tara
name: Singh, Sobhit
name: Wu, Stephen M.
name: Askari, Hesam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Twisted bilayer graphene exhibits electronic properties that are highly correlated with the size and arrangement of moiré patterns. While rigid rotation of two layers creates the topology of moiré patterns, local rearrangements of the atoms due to interlayer van der Waals interactions result in atomic reconstruction within the moiré cells. The ability to manipulate these patterns by controlling twist angle and/or externally applied strain provides a promising route to tune their properties. While this phenomenon has been extensively studied for angles close to or smaller than the magic angle (θm=1.1°), its extent for higher angles and how it evolves with strain is unknown and is believed to be mostly absent at high angles. We use theoretical and numerical analyses to resolve reconstruction in angles above θm using interpretive and fundamental physical measures. In addition, we propose a method to identify local regions within moiré cells and track their evolution with strain for a range of representative high twist angles. Our results show that reconstruction is actively present beyond the magic angle and its contribution to the evolution of the moiré cells is major. Our theoretical method to correlate local and global phonon behavior provides further validation on the role of reconstruction at higher angles. Our findings provide a better understanding of moiré reconstruction in large twist angles and the evolution of moiré cells in the presence of strain, that might be very crucial for twistronics-based applications.
Molecularly imprinted polymers with ionic liquid as the functional monomer for selective solid-phase extraction of gastrodin
Creators: name: Zhao, Congcong
name: Hu, Qiao
name: Zhang, Xu
name: Yan, Hao
name: Li, Jin
name: Chen, Fang
name: Zuo, Zhenyu
Publisher: name: Taylor & Francis
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biotechnology
Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Gastrodia elata is a well-known Asian traditional herb with gastrodin (GAS; p-hydroxymethylbenzene-β-d-glucopyranoside) as its active ingredient. It is a challenging task to efficiently separate the active ingredient gastrodin from Gastrodia elata by simple procedure. The results of computer molecular simulation & UV-vis spectroscopy showed that water-soluble 1-vinyl-3-tetradecylimidazole bromide([C14VIM+] [Br-]) was selected as the best ionic liquid functional monomer compared with methacrylic acid(MAA), acrylic acid(AA), 3-(2-carboxyethyl)-1-vinylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid (imidazole propionate, [COOHpvimBr]), and dehydroabietic acid [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl] ester (DAAEE). The force between [C14VIM+] [Br-] and GAS (with multiple hydroxyl groups) is stronger than other monomers with more polar groups. The molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) and non- molecular imprinted polymers (NIPs) with high selectivity to gastrodin were synthesized utilizing ([C14VIM+] [Br-]) as a novel functional monomer. The polymer was characterized by infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope, specific surface area tester and thermosgravimetric analyser(TGA). The adsorption performance of the polymer was investigated by adsorption kinetics experiment and static adsorption experiment. Among different eluents, the content of gastrodin in eluent (70% ethanol) significantly increased compared with it in plant extract by the MIPs-solid phase extraction (SPE)-HPLC. The recoveries of the spiked samples for the GAS were 97.75–103.43%, with relative standard deviation values lower than 2.88%. This novel [C14VIM+] [Br-]-based MIP was a potential separation material for gastrodin. The graphical abstract was shown below.
Compact Kähler manifolds with compactifiable universal cover
Creators: name: Claudon, Benoît
name: Hoering, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Let X be a compact Kähler manifold such that the universal cover admits a compactification. We conjecture that the fundamental group is almost abelian and reduce it to a classical conjecture of Iitaka.
description: With an appendix by Fr\'ed\'eric Campana (entitled "Abelianity, Iitaka and S conjectures"). 17 pages, no figure
Making Distinctions on Autonomous Cultural Field: the Case of Small-scale Alternative Music Festival Organisers in Estonia
Creators: name: Mäe, Rene
name: Allaste, Airi-Alina
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2013
Subjects: Cultural Production; DIY Culture; subcultures; taste

description: This article aims to give a sense of the activities of small-scale cultural practitioners in Estonia. Whereas Western societies experienced the powerful emergence of youth (sub)cultures and DIY ideology, as well as self-organised low scale cultural production in the 1960s, in Estonia all of these practices are relatively new and born over the last decades. This article discusses the Eastern European speciﬁ cs of (sub)cultural production. The main concepts of this study are ﬁ elds in cultural production and symbolic capital according to Pierre Bourdieu, with consideration of the recent elaborations in the ﬁ eld of (sub)cultural studies. Interpreting the interests, motives and attitudes that are the basis for the activities of the promoters, this paper addresses the subjects of mainstream/underground, independent/commercial and high culture/subculture, thereby contributing to the relevant discussion in subculture studies.The empirical part of the paper relies mainly on in-depth interviews conducted by the ﬁ rst author (2009), while the interviews conducted by the second author (2010) are supported by ﬁ eldwork on club cultures 2002-2003. The data have been analysed and systematised by qualitative data analysis methods, with the help of NVivo research software.While subcultures usually create symbolic boundaries using their distinctive style, music and ideological practices, according to this study, promoters tend to create ‘independent brands’ for the purposes of participation in the small-scale cultural ﬁ eld. These independent brands involve a mix of the promoters’ taste in music, which is communicated through the ‘brand’ to signiﬁ cant others (music critics, lay audience and friends), and constitute an important means for creating symbolic capital.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 3, No 2 (2011): Special Issue
Functor of continuation in Hilbert cube and Hilbert space
Creators: name: Niemiec, Piotr
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: General Topology (math.GN)
subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 18B30, 54C20, 57N20, 54B10, 46A04

description: A $Z$-set in a metric space $X$ is a closed subset $K$ of $X$ such that each map of the Hilbert cube $Q$ into $X$ can uniformly be approximated by maps of $Q$ into $X \setminus K$. The aim of the paper is to show that there exists a functor of extension of maps between $Z$-sets of $Q$ [or $l_2$] to maps acting on the whole space $Q$ [resp. $l_2$]. Special properties of the functor are proved.
description: 9 pages
Multiple solutions to a magnetic nonlinear Choquard equation
Creators: name: Cingolani, Silvia
name: Clapp, Mónica
name: Secchi, Simone
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35Q55, 35Q40, 35J20, 35B06

description: We consider the stationary nonlinear magnetic Choquard equation [(-\mathrm{i}\nabla+A(x))^{2}u+V(x)u=(\frac{1}{|x|^α}\ast |u|^{p}) |u|^{p-2}u,\quad x\in\mathbb{R}^{N}%] where $A\ $is a real valued vector potential, $V$ is a real valued scalar potential$,$ $N\geq3$, $α\in(0,N)$ and $2-(α/N)
description: To appear on ZAMP
Reasoning about Causality in Games
Creators: name: Hammond, Lewis
name: Fox, James
name: Everitt, Tom
name: Carey, Ryan
name: Abate, Alessandro
name: Wooldridge, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
subject: Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Causal reasoning and game-theoretic reasoning are fundamental topics in artificial intelligence, among many other disciplines: this paper is concerned with their intersection. Despite their importance, a formal framework that supports both these forms of reasoning has, until now, been lacking. We offer a solution in the form of (structural) causal games, which can be seen as extending Pearl's causal hierarchy to the game-theoretic domain, or as extending Koller and Milch's multi-agent influence diagrams to the causal domain. We then consider three key questions: i) How can the (causal) dependencies in games - either between variables, or between strategies - be modelled in a uniform, principled manner? ii) How may causal queries be computed in causal games, and what assumptions does this require? iii) How do causal games compare to existing formalisms? To address question i), we introduce mechanised games, which encode dependencies between agents' decision rules and the distributions governing the game. In response to question ii), we present definitions of predictions, interventions, and counterfactuals, and discuss the assumptions required for each. Regarding question iii), we describe correspondences between causal games and other formalisms, and explain how causal games can be used to answer queries that other causal or game-theoretic models do not support. Finally, we highlight possible applications of causal games, aided by an extensive open-source Python library.
description: Published in Artificial Intelligence (2023)
The Healing Power Of Words: Medicine As Literature In Bernard Mandeville'S Treatise Of Hypochondriack And Hysterick Diseases
Creators: name: Kleiman-Lafon Sylvie
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2013
Subjects: Medicine
literature
dialogue
melancholy
medical practice

description: Constructed as a dialogue between an empirical doctor and two patients (a married couple), the Treatise, resorting to satire and dramatization, is not only a way for Mandeville to demonstrate his literary talent as well as his opinions about medical science but it also represents the cure itself. To Mandeville, this intimate conversation with the patient (carefully conducted by the physician), in which the latter is invited to tell the story of his own disease is the key to his recovery. In this, Mandeville’s Treatise is no doubt a paradox, using the tools of literature (as opposed to what Mandeville sees as the empty and bloated rhetoric of rational medicine) to cure an illness that was widely considered as a “disease of the learned” caused precisely by an excess of reading.
A nearby GRB host galaxy: VLT/X-shooter observations of HG 031203
Creators: name: Guseva, N. G.
name: Izotov, Y. I.
name: Fricke, K. J.
name: Henkel, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) occur in galaxies of generally low metallicity. We aim at a spectroscopic analysis of HG 031203, the host galaxy of a LRGB burst, to obtain its properties. Based on VLT/X-shooter spectroscopic observations in the wavelength range 3200-24000A, we use standard direct methods to evaluate physical conditions and element abundances. The resolving power of the instrument also allowed us to trace the kinematics of the ionised gas. We derive an interstellar oxygen abundance of 12+logO/H=8.20+/-0.03. The observed fluxes of hydrogen lines correspond to the theoretical recombination values after correction for extinction with a single value C(Hbeta)=1.67. We produce the CLOUDY photoionisation HII region model that reproduces observed emission-line fluxes of different ions in the optical range. This model also predicts emission-line fluxes in the near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) ranges that agree well with the observed ones. This implies that the star-forming region observed in the optical range is the only source of ionisation and there is no additional source of ionisation seen in the NIR and MIR ranges that is hidden in the optical range.We find that the heavy element abundances, Halpha luminosity, stellar mass, star-formation rate and specific star-formation rate of HG 031203 are in the range that is covered by the luminous compact galaxies (LCGs).This implies that the LCGs with extreme star-formation that also comprise green pea galaxies as a subclass may harbour LGRBs.
description: 16 pages, 11 figures, published in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Relevance of Copenhagen Criteria in Actual Accession: Principles, Methods and Shortcomings of EU Pre-accession Evaluation
Creators: name: Veebel, Viljar
Publisher: name: Studies of Transition States and Societies
Year: 2013
Subjects: European Union; enlargement; conditionality; evaluation

description: This paper will analyse the transparency, impartiality and objectiveness of the European Union’s (EU) preaccession assessment procedure. The principal aim is to test and analyse whether the EU follows oﬃ cial and objective criteria in its progress reports or if is it dominated by institutional and national interests. The central questions of the paper are: What were the main motivators of the EU’s independent closed assessment system for the pre-accession process and what inﬂ uence did this have on the accession process during the years 2004–2006?To answer these questions, the paper will compare the European Commission’s (Commission) progress reports on selected candidate countries with the assessments of six other respected research centres: the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, Freedom House, the Bertelsmann Foundation, Transparency International, Fraser Institute and the Heritage Foundation. If the evaluation results of the EU diﬀ er signiﬁ cantly or systematically from the calculated average of the other evaluators, then there is a need to analyse the methods, logic and motivation of the European Commission during the preaccession evaluation, as there is a possibility of subjectivity and politicised evaluation.This analysis covers the main areas of the Copenhagen Criteria. The test cases will be pre-accession progress assessments of Bulgaria, Croatia, FYROM and Romania in 2004–2006. Test areas will consist of: Governance eﬃ ciency; Existence and quality of rule of law; Level of corruption and eﬃ ciency of anticorruption activities; Eﬃ ciency of legal system, and Economic liberties and freedoms.
description: Studies of Transition States and Societies, Vol 3, No 3 (2011)
331 Model Predictions for Rare $B$ and $K$ Decays, and $ΔF=2$ Processes: an Update
Creators: name: Buras, Andrzej J.
name: De Fazio, Fulvia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by the improved results from the HPQCD lattice collaboration on the hadronic matrix elements entering $ΔM_{s,d}$ in $B_{s,d}^0-\bar B_{s,d}^0$ mixings and the increase of the experimental branching ratio for $B_s\toμ^+μ^-$, we update our 2016 analysis of various flavour observables in four 331 models, M1, M3, M13 and M16 based on the gauge group $SU(3)_C\times SU(3)_L\times U(1)_X$. These four models, which are distinguished by the quantum numbers, are selected among 24 331 models through their consistency with the electroweak precision tests and simultaneously by the relation $C_9^\text{NP}=-b\, C_{10}^\text{NP}$ with $b\ge 2$, which after new result on $B_s\toμ^+μ^-$ from CMS is favoured over the popular relation $C_9^\text{NP}=- C_{10}^\text{NP}$ predicted by several leptoquark models. In this context we investigate in particular the dependence of various observables on $|V_{cb}|$, varying it in the broad range $[0.0386,\,0.043]$, that encompasses both its inclusive and exclusive determinations. Imposing the experimental constraints from $\varepsilon_K$, $ΔM_s$, $ΔM_d$ and the mixing induced CP asymmetries $S_{ψK_S}$ and $S_{ψK_S}$, we investigate for which values of $|V_{cb}|$ the four models can be made compatible with these data and what is the impact on $B$ and $K$ branching ratios. In particular we analyse NP contributions to the Wilson coefficients $C_9$ and $C_{10}$ and the decays $B_{s,d}\toμ^+μ^-$, $K^+\rightarrowπ^+ν\barν$ and $K_L\rightarrowπ^0ν\barν$. This allows us to illustrate how the value of $|V_{cb}|$ determined together with other parameters of these models is infected by NP contributions and compare it with the one obtained recently under the assumption of the absence of NP in $\varepsilon_K$, $ΔM_s$, $ΔM_d$ and $ S_{ψK_S}$.
description: 21 pages, 15 Figures v2: a few comments added, conclusion unchanged, version published in JHEP