cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Dissipative reactions with intermediate-energy beams -- a novel approach to populate complex-structure states in rare isotopes
Creators: name: Gade, A.
name: Brown, B. A.
name: Weisshaar, D.
name: Bazin, D.
name: Brown, K. W.
name: Charity, R. J.
name: Farris, P.
name: Hill, A. M.
name: Li, J.
name: Longfellow, B.
name: Rhodes, D.
name: Reviol, W.
name: Tostevin, J. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel pathway for the formation of multi-particle-multi-hole (np-mh) excited states in rare isotopes is reported from highly energy- and momentum-dissipative inelastic-scattering events measured in reactions of an intermediate-energy beam of 38Ca on a Be target. The negative-parity,complex-structure final states in 38Ca were observed following the in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of events in the 9Be(38Ca,38Ca+gamma)X reaction in which the scattered projectile lost longitudinal momentum of order p = 700 MeV/c. The characteristics of the observed final states are discussed and found to be consistent with the formation of excited states involving the rearrangement of multiple nucleons in a single, highly-energetic projectile-target collision. Unlike the far-less dissipative, surface-grazing reactions usually exploited for the in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy of rare isotopes, these more energetic collisions appear to offer a practical pathway to nuclear-structure studies of more complex multi-particle configurations in rare isotopes - final states conventionally thought to be out of reach with high-luminosity fast-beam-induced reactions.
description: Accepted in Phys Rev Lett. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2210.01106
Free transport for interpolated free group factors
Creators: name: Hartglass, Michael
name: Nelson, Brent
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Operator Algebras (math.OA)
subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 46L54

description: In this article, we study a form of free transport for the interpolated free group factors, extending the work of Guionnet and Shlyakhtenko for the usual free group factors. Our model for the interpolated free group factors comes from a canonical finite von Neumann algebra $\mathcal{M}(Γ, μ)$ associated to a finite, connected, weighted graph $(Γ,V,E, μ)$. With this model, we use an operator-valued version of Voiculescu's free difference quotient to state a Schwinger-Dyson equation which is valid for the generators of $\mathcal{M}(Γ, μ)$. We construct free transport for appropriate perturbations of this equation. Also, $\mathcal{M}(Γ, μ)$ can be constructed using the machinery of Shlyakhtenko's operator-valued semicircular systems
description: 26 pages including an appendix
Pricey Therefore Good? Price Affects Expectations, But Not Actual Liking And Perceived Product Quality - A Mini Meta-Analysis
Creators: name: Kurz, Jacqueline
name: Efendic, Emir
name: Goukens, Caroline
Publisher: name: Open Science Framework
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Business
subject: Marketing
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: A mini meta-analysis will be carried out for the project titled Pricey Therefore Good? Price Affects Expectations, But Not Actual Liking And Perceived Product Quality. This project collected data from six studies investigating the effect of price attribute information on consumer product judgements. The judgments were liking and perceived quality.
How Large is the Elephant in the Density Functional Theory Room?
Creators: name: Jensen, Frank
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A recent paper compares density functional theory results for atomization energies and dipole moments using a multi-wavelet based method with traditional Gaussian basis set results, and concludes that Gaussian basis sets are problematic for achieving high accuracy. We show that by a proper choice of Gaussian basis sets they are capable of achieving essentially the same accuracy as the multi-wavelet approach, and identify a couple of possible problems in the multi-wavelet calculations.
Particle acceleration, escape and non-thermal emission from core-collapse supernovae inside non-identical wind-blown bubbles
Creators: name: Das, Samata
name: Brose, Robert
name: Pohl, Martin
name: Meyer, Dominique M. -A.
name: Sushch, Iurii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the core-collapse scenario, the supernova remnants evolve inside the complex wind-blown bubbles, structured by massive progenitors during their lifetime. Therefore, particle acceleration and the emissions from these SNRs can carry the fingerprints of the evolutionary sequences of the progenitor stars.
 We time-dependently investigate the impact of the ambient environment of core-collapse SNRs on particle spectra and the emissions. We use the RATPaC code to model the particle acceleration at the SNRs with progenitors having ZAMS masses of 20 Msol and 60 Msol. We have constructed the pre-supernova circumstellar medium by solving the hydrodynamic equations for the lifetime of the progenitor stars. Then, the transport equation for cosmic rays, and magnetic turbulence in test-particle approximation along with the induction equation for the evolution of large-scale magnetic field have been solved simultaneously with the hydrodynamic equations for the expansion of SNRs inside the pre-supernova CSM.
 The structure of the wind bubbles along with the magnetic field and the scattering turbulence regulate the spectra of accelerated particles for both SNRs. For the 60 Msol progenitor the spectral index reaches 2.4 even below 10 GeV during the propagation of the SNR shock inside the hot shocked wind. In contrast, we have not observed persistent soft spectra at earlier evolutionary stages of the SNR with 20 Msol progenitor, for which the spectral index becomes 2.2 only for a brief period. Later, the spectra become soft above ~10 GeV for both SNRs, as weak driving of turbulence permits the escape of high-energy particles from the remnants. The emission morphology of the SNRs strongly depends on the type of progenitors. For instance, the radio morphology of the SNR with 20 Msol progenitor is centre-filled at early stages whereas that for the more massive progenitor is shell-like.
Multivariate mixture model for myocardium segmentation combining multi-source images
Creators: name: Zhuang, Xiahai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper proposes a method for simultaneous segmentation of multi-source images, using the multivariate mixture model (MvMM) and maximum of log-likelihood (LL) framework. The segmentation is a procedure of texture classification, and the MvMM is used to model the joint intensity distribution of the images. Specifically, the method is applied to the myocardial segmentation combining the complementary texture information from multi-sequence (MS) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) images. Furthermore, there exist inter-image mis-registration and intra-image misalignment of slices in the MS CMR images. Hence, the MvMM is formulated with transformations, which are embedded into the LL framework and optimized simultaneously with the segmentation parameters. The proposed method is able to correct the inter- and intra-image misalignment by registering each slice of the MS CMR to a virtual common space, as well as to delineate the indistinguishable boundaries of myocardium consisting of pathologies. Results have shown statistically significant improvement in the segmentation performance of the proposed method with respect to the conventional approaches which can solely segment each image separately. The proposed method has also demonstrated better robustness in the incongruent data, where some images may not fully cover the region of interest and the full coverage can only be reconstructed combining the images from multiple sources.
On the (In)security of optimized Stern-like signature schemes
Creators: name: Chailloux, André
name: Etinski, Simona
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Stern's signature scheme is a historically important code-based signature scheme. A crucial optimization of this scheme is to generate pseudo-random vectors and a permutation instead of random ones, and most proposals that are based on Stern's signature use this optimization. However, its security has not been properly analyzed, especially when we use deterministic commitments. In this article, we study the security of this optimization. We first show that for some parameters, there is an attack that exploits this optimization and breaks the scheme in time $O(2^{\fracλ{2}})$ while the claimed security is $λ$ bits. This impacts in particular the recent Quasy-cyclic Stern signature scheme [BGMS22]. Our second result shows that there is an efficient fix to this attack. By adding a string $salt \in \{0,1\}^{2λ}$ to the scheme, and changing slightly how the pseudo-random strings are generated, we prove not only that our attack doesn't work but that for any attack, the scheme preserves $λ$ bits of security, and this fix increases the total signature size by only $2λ$ bits. We apply this construction to other optimizations on Stern's signature scheme, such as the use of Lee's metric or the use of hash trees, and we show how these optimizations improve the signature length of Stern's signature scheme.
description: Designs, Codes and Cryptography, Volume 92, pages from 803 to 832
Travelling waves for a bistable reaction-diffusion equation with delay
Creators: name: Trofimchuk, Sergei
name: Volpert, Vitaly
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 34K60, 35K57, 92D25

description: The paper is devoted to a reaction-diffusion equation with delay arising in modelling the immune response. We prove the existence of travelling waves in the bistable case using the Leray-Schauder method. In difference with the previous works, we do not assume here quasi-monotonicity of the delayed reaction term.
description: 22 pages, 1 figure, submitted
Galaxy-scale Bars in Late-type Sloan Digital Sky Survey Galaxies Do Not Influence the Average Accretion Rates of Supermassive Black Holes
Creators: name: Goulding, Andy D.
name: Matthaey, Eve
name: Greene, Jenny E.
name: Hickox, Ryan C.
name: Alexander, David M.
name: Forman, William R.
name: Jones, Christine
name: Lehmer, Bret D.
name: Griffis, Samuel
name: Kanev, Svilen
name: Oulmakki, Mehdi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Galaxy-scale bars are expected to provide an effective means for driving material towards the central region in spiral galaxies, and possibly feeding supermassive black holes (BHs). Here we present a statistically-complete study of the effect of bars on average BH accretion. From a well-selected sample of 50,794 spiral galaxies (with M* ~ 0.2-30 x 10^10 Msun) extracted from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Galaxy Zoo 2 project, we separate those sources considered to contain galaxy-scale bars from those that do not. Using archival data taken by the Chandra X-ray Observatory, we identify X-ray luminous (L_X >~ 10^41 erg/s) active galactic nuclei (AGN) and perform an X-ray stacking analysis on the remaining X-ray undetected sources. Through X-ray stacking, we derive a time-averaged look at accretion for galaxies at fixed stellar mass and star formation rate, finding that the average nuclear accretion rates of galaxies with bar structures are fully consistent with those lacking bars (Mdot_acc ~ 3 x 10^-5 Msun/yr). Hence, we robustly conclude that large-scale bars have little or no effect on the average growth of BHs in nearby (z < 0.15) galaxies over gigayear timescales.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ
Effect of site occupancy disorder on Martensitic properties of Mn$_{2}$NiIn type alloys: x-ray absorption fine structure study
Creators: name: Lobo, D. N.
name: Priolkar, K. R.
name: Koide, A.
name: Emura, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have carried out \textit{ab-initio} calculations of local structure of Mn and Ni in Mn$_{2}$Ni$_{1.5}$In$_{0.5}$ alloy with different site occupancies in order to understand the similarities in martensitic and magnetic properties of Mn$_{2}$Ni$_{1+x}$In$_{1-x}$ and Ni$_2$Mn$_{1+x}$In$_{1-x}$ alloys. Our results show that in Mn$_{2}$Ni$_{1+x}$In$_{1-x}$ alloys there is a strong possibility of Mn atoms occupying all the three, X, Y and Z sites of X$_2$YZ Heusler structure while Ni atoms preferentially occupy the X sites. Such a site occupancy disorder of Mn atoms is in addition to a local structural disorder due to size differences between Mn and In atoms which is also present in Ni$_2$Mn$_{1+x}$In$_{1-x}$ alloys. Further, a comparison of the calculations with experimental XAFS at the Mn and Ni K edges in Mn$_{2-y}$Ni$_{1.6+y}$In$_{0.4}$ ($-0.08 \le y \le 0.08$) indicate a strong connection between martensitic transformation and occupancy of Z sites by Mn atoms.
The production of neutral $N^*(11052)$ resonance with hidden beauty from $π^-p$ scattering
Creators: name: Cheng, Chen
name: Wang, Xiao-Yun
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the discovery potential of the predicted neutral hidden beauty $N^*(11052)$ resonance through $π^- p$ scattering within an effective Lagrangian approach. Two reactions $π^-p\rightarrow K^-Σ^+$ and $π^-p\rightarrow η_bn$ are studied in this work, with nucleon pole exchange as the background. It is found that the contributions of the $N^*(11052)$ resonance give clear peak structures in the magnitude of 1 $μb$ near the threshold of the $N^*(11052)$ in the total cross sections. The numerical results indicate that the center of mass energy $W\simeq$ 11-11.1 GeV would be a best energy window for searching the $N^*(11052)$ resonance, where the $N^*(11052)$ signal can be easily distinguished from the background. The COMPASS experiment at CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) with pion beam of $\simeq$ 280 GeV will be an ideal platform for searching the super-heavy resonance with hidden beauty, which is hopeful to test the theoretical results.
Investigación Gastronómica en Ecuador: Comunicando lo que Sabemos
Creators: name: Duarte-Casar, Rodrigo
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: Investigación, Gastronomía, Ecuador, Cooperación

description: Volume and emphasis of gastronomic research in Ecuador. New journal for publishing said research. Volumen y énfasis de la investigación gastronómica en Ecuador. Nueva revisa para publicar dicha investigación.
description: Foro Latitud Iche, Bahía de Caráquez, ULEAM
Quasi-Monte Carlo integration for twice differentiable functions over a triangle
Creators: name: Goda, Takashi
name: Suzuki, Kosuke
name: Yoshiki, Takehito
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We study quasi-Monte Carlo integration for twice differentiable functions defined over a triangle. We provide an explicit construction of infinite sequences of points including one by Basu and Owen (2015) as a special case, which achieves the integration error of order $N^{-1}(\log N)^3$ for any $N\geq 2$. Since a lower bound of order $N^{-1}$ on the integration error holds for any linear quadrature rule, the upper bound we obtain is best possible apart from the $\log N$ factor. The major ingredient in our proof of the upper bound is the dyadic Walsh analysis of twice differentiable functions over a triangle under a suitable recursive partitioning.
Pulsar-wind nebulae and magnetar outflows: observations at radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths
Creators: name: Reynolds, Stephen P.
name: Pavlov, George G.
name: Kargaltsev, Oleg
name: Klinger, Noel
name: Renaud, Matthieu
name: Mereghetti, Sandro
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We review observations of several classes of neutron-star-powered outflows: pulsar-wind nebulae (PWNe) inside shell supernova remnants (SNRs), PWNe interacting directly with interstellar medium (ISM), and magnetar-powered outflows. We describe radio, X-ray, and gamma-ray observations of PWNe, focusing first on integrated spectral-energy distributions (SEDs) and global spectral properties. High-resolution X-ray imaging of PWNe shows a bewildering array of morphologies, with jets, trails, and other structures. Several of the 23 so far identified magnetars show evidence for continuous or sporadic emission of material, sometimes associated with giant flares, and a few possible "magnetar-wind nebulae" have been recently identified.
description: 61 pages, 44 figures (reduced in quality for size reasons). Published in Space Science Reviews, "Jets and Winds in Pulsar Wind Nebulae, Gamma-ray Bursts and Blazars: Physics of Extreme Energy Release"
On the geometry of orbifold Gromov-Witten invariants
Creators: name: Tseng, Hsian-Hua
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 14N35

description: We consider the question of how geometric structures of a Deligne-Mumford stack affect its Gromov-Witten invariants. The two geometric structures studied here are {\em gerbes} and {\em root constructions}. In both cases, we explain conjectures on Gromov-Witten theory for these stacks and survey some recent progress on these conjectures.
description: 15 pages
‘It's a sanity restorer’: Narcotics anonymous (NA) as recovery capital during COVID‐19 in Aotearoa New Zealand
Creators: name: Mappledoram, Meghan
name: Blake, Denise
name: McGuigan, Kathryn
name: Hodgetts, Darrin
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 5205
subject: Social and personality psychology

description: Narcotics Anonymous has flourished globally across 143 countries as a key community response to problematic substance use, despite disruptions, including the COVID-19 pandemic. This research sought to understand how the Aotearoa New Zealand Narcotics Anonymous (NA) community engaged with NA meetings online during the 2020–2021 COVID-19 pandemic. During in-depth, semi-structured interviews, 11 NA members shared their stories of addiction, abstinence-based recovery, experiences of NA and managing pandemic restrictions. A narrative analysis identified four tropes particularly relating to how community members managed during the pandemic: responding via technology; maintaining recovery connections; creating opportunities; and consistency. Each trope showcases how NA members were able to connect online and garner support for their abstinence-based recoveries and, more generally, during unprecedented times. In addition, the NA members in this research narrated the opportunities the pandemic restrictions created for them, such as engaging with the NA programme in new ways and improving their quality of life. Members of NA were able to maintain their psychological, physical, spiritual and community wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic primarily due to existing recovery capital—peer-based support and the principles of the 12-steps of NA. The implications are that access to peer-based communities and salient recovery identities are pivotal during ordinary and extraordinary times
Several Classes of Permutation Trinomials From Niho Exponents
Creators: name: Li, Nian
name: Helleseth, Tor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Motivated by recent results on the constructions of permutation polynomials with few terms over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$, where $n$ is a positive even integer, we focus on the construction of permutation trinomials over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ from Niho exponents. As a consequence, several new classes of permutation trinomials over $\mathbb{F}_{2^n}$ are constructed from Niho exponents based on some subtle manipulation of solving equations with low degrees over finite fields.
description: Cryptography and Communications
A roadmap for neutrino detection at LHC, HL-LHC and SPS
Creators: name: Graverini, Elena
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: SND@LHC is a new detector for neutrino physics at LHC. Its experimental configuration makes it possible to distinguish between all three neutrino flavours, opening a unique opportunity to probe physics of heavy flavour production at the LHC in the region that is not accessible to ATLAS, CMS and LHCb. It can also explore lepton flavour universality in the neutral sector, and search for feebly interacting particles. The detector has been commissioned and installed in 2021-2022. A first set of data has since then been collected, providing the first observation of neutrinos produced at a collider. This paper discusses the detector technologies being used to study high-energy neutrinos at the LHC, and their performance in terms of physics reach. The necessary upgrades to operate at high-luminosity LHC are presented, as well as a proposed experiment to perform neutrino measurements at the newly approved Beam Dump Facility.
description: 4 pages, 5 figures. Proceedings of the 16th Pisa Meeting on Advanced Detectors
Nuclear physics insights for new-physics searches using nuclei: Neutrinoless $ββ$ decay and dark matter direct detection
Creators: name: Menéndez, Javier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Experiments using nuclei to probe new physics beyond the Standard Model, such as neutrinoless $ββ$ decay searches testing whether neutrinos are their own antiparticle, and direct detection experiments aiming to identify the nature of dark matter, require accurate nuclear physics input for optimizing their discovery potential and for a correct interpretation of their results. This demands a detailed knowledge of the nuclear structure relevant for these processes. For instance, neutrinoless $ββ$ decay nuclear matrix elements are very sensitive to the nuclear correlations in the initial and final nuclei, and the spin-dependent nuclear structure factors of dark matter scattering depend on the subtle distribution of the nuclear spin among all nucleons. In addition, nucleons are composite and strongly interacting, which implies that many-nucleon processes are necessary for a correct description of nuclei and their interactions. It is thus crucial that theoretical studies and experimental analyses consider $β$ decays and dark matter interactions with a coupling to two nucleons, called two-nucleon currents.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, invited parallel talk at the XIIth Quark Confinement & the Hadron Spectrum conference, Thessaloniki, Greece, 2016
Informing Mathematics Teachers' Reflective Practice with Student Surveys on Affective Domain
Creators: name: McLaurin, Bruce
Publisher: name: Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Year: 2024
Subjects: affective domain
secondary mathematics
self-reflection
student surveys

description: This thesis examines the potential of a change analysis of student beliefs and attitudes about mathematics to inform teachers' reflective practice and provide the basis for modifying classroom practice. The author and two colleagues were involved in Math4theNines, a collaborative inquiry project for Ontario Grade 9 Mathematics. As part of that project, they developed an online survey to track the impact of their classroom practice on how students felt about mathematics and how students felt about themselves as learners of mathematics. The teachers reported that the before-and-after course survey and the accompanying change analysis that indicated any shifts in their students' attitudes and beliefs toward mathematics provided some unique and revealing perspectives on their practice. This study is a retrospective of that experience and an attempt to reproduce the results with three volunteer teachers. Although the results were mixed, there is some evidence to suggest that this approach has the potential to enhance teachers' focus on the new social-emotional strand in Ontario Grades 1 to 9 mathematics which presently is neither evaluated nor reported on. There is also potential to inform teachers in their efforts to develop the positive attitudes that have been shown to improve academic achievement and encourage entry into STEM fields.
An Empirical Study of API Misuses of Data-Centric Libraries
Creators: name: Galappaththi, Akalanka
name: Nadi, Sarah
name: Treude, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Developers rely on third-party library Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) when developing software. However, libraries typically come with assumptions and API usage constraints, whose violation results in API misuse. API misuses may result in crashes or incorrect behavior. Even though API misuse is a well-studied area, a recent study of API misuse of deep learning libraries showed that the nature of these misuses and their symptoms are different from misuses of traditional libraries, and as a result highlighted potential shortcomings of current misuse detection tools. We speculate that these observations may not be limited to deep learning API misuses but may stem from the data-centric nature of these APIs. Data-centric libraries often deal with diverse data structures, intricate processing workflows, and a multitude of parameters, which can make them inherently more challenging to use correctly. Therefore, understanding the potential misuses of these libraries is important to avoid unexpected application behavior. To this end, this paper contributes an empirical study of API misuses of five data-centric libraries that cover areas such as data processing, numerical computation, machine learning, and visualization. We identify misuses of these libraries by analyzing data from both Stack Overflow and GitHub. Our results show that many of the characteristics of API misuses observed for deep learning libraries extend to misuses of the data-centric library APIs we study. We also find that developers tend to misuse APIs from data-centric libraries, regardless of whether the API directive appears in the documentation. Overall, our work exposes the challenges of API misuse in data-centric libraries, rather than only focusing on deep learning libraries. Our collected misuses and their characterization lay groundwork for future research to help reduce misuses of these libraries.
Can Dust Injected by SNe Explain the NIR-MIR Excess in Young Massive Stellar Clusters?
Creators: name: Martinez-Gonzalez, Sergio
name: Wünsch, Richard
name: Palouš, Jan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a physically-motivated model involving the different processes affecting supernova dust grains as they are incorporated into the thermalized medium within young massive star clusters. The model is used to explain the near- to mid-infrared (NIR-MIR) excess found in such clusters and usually modeled as a blackbody with temperature $\sim (400-1000)$ K. In our approach, dust grains are efficiently produced in the clumpy ejecta of core-collapse supernovae, fragmented into small pieces ($\lesssim 0.05$ $μ$m) as they are incorporated into the hot and dense ISM, heated via frequent collisions with electrons and the absorption of energetic photons. Grains with small sizes can more easily acquire the high temperatures ($\sim 1000$ K) required to produce a NIR-MIR excess with respect to the emission of foreground PAHs and starlight. However, the extreme conditions inside young massive clusters make difficult for these small grains to have a persistent manifestation at NIR-MIR wavelengths as they are destroyed by efficient thermal sputtering. Nevertheless, the chances for a persistent manifestation are increased by taking into account that small grains become increasingly transparent to their impinging ions as their size decreases. For an individual SN event, we find that the NIR-MIR excess last longer if the time required to incorporate all the grains into the thermalized medium is also longer, and in some cases, comparable to the characteristic interval between supernova explosions. Our models, can successfully explain the near-infrared excesses found in the star clusters observed in M33 (Relaño et al. 2016) assuming a low heating efficiency and mass-loading. In this scenario, the presence of the NIR-MIR excess is an indication of efficient dust production in SNe and its subsequent destruction
description: 13 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
Classification of the classical $SL(2,\mathbb{R})$ gauge transformations in the rigid body
Creators: name: de la Cruz, Manuel
name: Gaspar, Néstor
name: Jiménez, Lidia
name: Linares, Román
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we revisit the classification of the gauge transformations in the Euler top system using the generalized classical Hamiltonian dynamics of Nambu. In this framework the Euler equations of motion are bi-Hamiltonian and $SL(2, \mathbb{R})$ linear combinations of the two Hamiltonians leave the equations of motion invariant, although belonging to inequivalent Lie-Poisson structures. Here we give the explicit form of the Hamiltonian vector fields associated to the components of the angular momentum for every single Lie-Poisson structure including both the asymmetric rigid bodies and its symmetric limits. We also give a detailed classification of the different Lie-Poisson structures recovering all the ones reported previously in the literature.
description: 17 pages
Analytic Determination of Variance for Configurational Density of States in Crystalline Solids
Creators: name: Taikei, Tetyuya
name: Takeuchi, Kazuhito
name: Yuge, Koretaka
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Disordered Systems and Neural Networks (cond-mat.dis-nn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Our recent study elucidate that information of density of states in configuration space (CDOS) for non-interacting system, characterized by spatial constraint on the system, plays essential role to determine thermodynamically equilibrium properties for interacting systems. Particularly for disordered states, variance of CDOS along all possible coordinations plays significant role. Despite this fact, even for binary system of crystalline solids, analytic expression for variance of CDOS as a function of composition has not been clarified so far. Here we successfully derive variance of CDOS as a function of composition for pair correlations, whose validity is demonstrated by comparing the results with uniform sampling of CDOS on real lattices. The present result certainly advances determining special microscopic state to characterize Helmholtz free energy in classical systems, whose structure is difficult to determine by numerical simulation.
description: 3 pages, 1 figure
Pseudocomplementation and Minimal Prime Ideals in Semirings
Creators: name: Nasehpour, Peyman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Commutative Algebra (math.AC)
subject: Rings and Algebras (math.RA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 16Y60, 06D15, 13A15

description: In the first section of the present work, we introduce the concept of pseudocomplementation for semirings and show semiring version of some known results in lattice theory. We also introduce semirings with pc-functions and prove some interesting results for minimal prime ideals of such semirings. In the second section, some classical results for minimal prime ideals in ring theory are generalized in the context of semiring theory.
description: 12 pages, Dedicated to Professor Carlos Martin-Vide
A question of separation: disentangling tracer bias and gravitational nonlinearity with counts-in-cells statistics
Creators: name: Uhlemann, Cora
name: Feix, Martin
name: Codis, Sandrine
name: Pichon, Christophe
name: Bernardeau, Francis
name: L'Huillier, Benjamin
name: Kim, Juhan
name: Hong, Sungwook E.
name: Laigle, Clotilde
name: Park, Changbom
name: Shin, Jihye
name: Pogosyan, Dmitri
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Starting from a very accurate model for density-in-cells statistics of dark matter based on large deviation theory, a bias model for the tracer density in spheres is formulated. It adopts a mean bias relation based on a quadratic bias model to relate the log-densities of dark matter to those of mass-weighted dark haloes in real and redshift space. The validity of the parametrised bias model is established using a parametrisation-independent extraction of the bias function. This average bias model is then combined with the dark matter PDF, neglecting any scatter around it: it nevertheless yields an excellent model for densities-in-cells statistics of mass tracers that is parametrised in terms of the underlying dark matter variance and three bias parameters. The procedure is validated on measurements of both the one and two point statistics of subhalo densities in the state-of-the-art Horizon Run 4 simulation showing excellent agreement for measured dark matter variance and bias parameters. Finally, it is demonstrated that this formalism allows for a joint estimation of the nonlinear dark matter variance and the bias parameters using solely the statistics of subhaloes. Having verified that galaxy counts in hydrodynamical simulations sampled on a scale of 10 Mpc/h closely resemble those of subhaloes, this work provides important steps towards making theoretical predictions for density-in-cells statistics applicable to upcoming galaxy surveys like Euclid or WFIRST.
description: 14 pages, 11 figures
Role of spatial higher order derivatives in momentum space entanglement
Creators: name: Kumar, S. Santhosh
name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the momentum space entanglement between different energy modes of interacting scalar fields propagating in general (D + 1)-dimensional flat space-time. As opposed to some of the recent works [1], we use Lorentz invariant normalized ground state to obtain the momentum space entanglement entropy. We show that the Lorenz invariant definition removes the spurious power-law behaviour obtained in the earlier works [1]. More specifically, we show that the cubic interacting scalar field in (1 + 1) dimensions leads to logarithmic divergence of the entanglement entropy and consistent with the results from real space entanglement calculations. We study the effects of the introduction of the Lorentz violating higher derivative terms in the presence of non-linear self inter- acting scalar field potential and show that the divergence structure of the entanglement entropy is improved in the presence of spatial higher derivative terms.
description: Accepted in Phys. Rev. D; 6 pages
Quantum Spin Lenses in Atomic Arrays
Creators: name: Glaetzle, A. W.
name: Ender, K.
name: Wild, D. S.
name: Choi, S.
name: Pichler, H.
name: Lukin, M. D.
name: Zoller, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and discuss `quantum spin lenses', where quantum states of delocalized spin excitations in an atomic medium are `focused' in space in a coherent quantum process down to (essentially) single atoms. These can be employed to create controlled interactions in a quantum light-matter interface, where photonic qubits stored in an atomic ensemble are mapped to a quantum register represented by single atoms. We propose Hamiltonians for quantum spin lenses as inhomogeneous spin models on lattices, which can be realized with Rydberg atoms in 1D, 2D and 3D, and with strings of trapped ions. We discuss both linear and non-linear quantum spin lenses: in a non-linear lens, repulsive spin-spin interactions lead to focusing dynamics conditional to the number of spin excitations. This allows the mapping of quantum superpositions of delocalized spin excitations to superpositions of spatial spin patterns, which can be addressed by light fields and manipulated. Finally, we propose multifocal quantum spin lenses as a way to generate and distribute entanglement between distant atoms in an atomic lattice array.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Properties of Periodic Fibonacci-like Sequences
Creators: name: Evako, Alexander V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Generalized Fibonacci-like sequences appear in finite difference approximations of the Partial Differential Equations based upon replacing partial differential equations by finite difference equations. This paper studies properties of the generalized Fibonacci-like sequence F_(n+2)=A+BF_(n+1)+CF_n. It is shown that this sequence is periodic with the period T>2 if C=-1,|B|<2.
description: 7 pages, 6 figures
Hints of a sulfur-rich atmosphere around the 1.6 R$_{\oplus}$ Super-Earth L98-59 d from JWST NIRSpec G395H transmission spectroscopy
Creators: name: Gressier, Amélie
name: Espinoza, Néstor
name: Allen, Natalie H.
name: Sing, David K.
name: Banerjee, Agnibha
name: Barstow, Joanna K.
name: Valenti, Jeff A.
name: Lewis, Nikole K.
name: Birkmann, Stephan M.
name: Challener, Ryan C.
name: Manjavacas, Elena
name: de Oliveira, Catarina Alves
name: Crouzet, Nicolas
name: Beck, Tracy. L
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Detecting atmospheres around planets with a radius below 1.6 R$_{\oplus}$, commonly referred to as rocky planets (Rogers_2015, Rogers_2021), has proven to be challenging. However, rocky planets orbiting M-dwarfs are ideal candidates due to their favorable planet-to-star radius ratio. Here, we present one transit observation of the Super-Earth L98-59d (1.58 R$_{\oplus}$, 2.31 M$_{\oplus}$), at the limit of rocky/gas-rich, using the JWST NIRSpec G395H mode covering the 2.8 to 5.1 microns wavelength range. The extracted transit spectrum from a single transit observation deviates from a flat line by 2.6 to 5.6$σ$, depending on the data reduction and retrieval setup. The hints of an atmospheric detection are driven by a large absorption feature between 3.3 to 4.8 microns. A stellar contamination retrieval analysis rejected the source of this feature as being due to stellar inhomogeneities, making the best fit an atmospheric model including sulfur-bearing species, suggesting that the atmosphere of L98-59d may not be at equilibrium. This result will need to be confirmed by the analysis of the second NIRSpec G395H visit in addition to the NIRISS SOSS transit observation.
description: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters (ApJL), August 25, 2024
Prioritizing pedestrians through play : enlivening the ground plane with interactive tiles
Creators: name: Martinez, Sarah Ariana
name: 0000-0002-9752-7495
Publisher: name: The University of Texas at Austin
Year: 2022
Subjects: Interaction design
Placemaking
Pedestrian
Sidewalks
Tiles
Experience design
Gesture control
Illumination
Entertainment

description: Most pedestrian experiences are truly pedestrian. Although there are many examples of paving and flooring designed to be aesthetically pleasing for pedestrians, over time, cost-effective “quick fixes” often destroy the look of the ground plane. Beauty, humor, and playfulness are some of the most important tools designers have to get other people to care about and pay attention to potentially boring and unpleasant things. For centuries, people around the world have enlivened the ground plane with temporary forms of ornament for both ritual and aesthetic purposes. These installations are often very elaborate, colorful, site-specific, and labor-intensive, but typically last only a day or two before the elements and foot traffic destroy them. What makes kolams, sawdust “paintings,” and chalk art powerful forms of ground-plane enlivenment is that they exist for only a short time, which maintains their novelty and interest. In contrast, the benefit of permanent ground-plane solutions is that they are low maintenance and durable, so the ornamental enlivenment lasts as long as possible. But their novelty and delight usually wears off quickly because they don’t change. A relatively new form of ground plane enlivenment that combines the best aspects of temporary and permanent installations is responsive or interactive tiles: they are both durable and changeable, and invite active engagement from passersby. Responsive interactive tiles have great potential to enliven the ground plane, but right now, most of the available technologies are very expensive and afford users very limited functions and interactions. Most of them are behind paywalls at theme parks or in clubs or trade shows, which means one must “pay to play.” However, because these technologies are quickly becoming more affordable and accessible, I have developed a collection of foot gestures and proposed applications that will make full use of their potential and make the experience of being a pedestrian less pedestrian.
Cancellable elements of the lattice of semigroup varieties
Creators: name: Gusev, Sergey V.
name: Skokov, Dmitry V.
name: Vernikov, Boris M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Group Theory (math.GR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 20M07

description: We completely determine all commutative semigroup varieties that are cancellable elements of the lattice SEM of all semigroup varieties. In particular, we prove that, for commutative varieties, the properties of being cancellable and modular elements of SEM are equivalent.
description: 10 pages
An XMM-Newton and NuSTAR study of IGR J18214-1318: a non-pulsating high-mass X-ray binary with a neutron star
Creators: name: Fornasini, Francesca M.
name: Tomsick, John A.
name: Bachetti, Matteo
name: Krivonos, Roman A.
name: Fürst, Felix
name: Natalucci, Lorenzo
name: Pottschmidt, Katja
name: Wilms, Jörn
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: IGR J18214-1318, a Galactic source discovered by the International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory, is a high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) with a supergiant O-type stellar donor. We report on the XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations that were undertaken to determine the nature of the compact object in this system. This source exhibits high levels of aperiodic variability, but no periodic pulsations are detected with a 90% confidence upper limit of 2% fractional rms between 0.00003-88 Hz, a frequency range that includes the typical pulse periods of neutron stars (NSs) in HMXBs (0.1-10$^3$ s). Although the lack of pulsations prevents us from definitively identifying the compact object in IGR J18214-1318, the presence of an exponential cutoff with e-folding energy $\lesssim30$ keV in its 0.3-79 keV spectrum strongly suggests that the compact object is an NS. The X-ray spectrum also shows a Fe K$α$ emission line and a soft excess, which can be accounted for by either a partial-covering absorber with $N_{\mathrm{H}}\approx10^{23}$ cm$^{-2}$ which could be due to the inhomogeneous supergiant wind, or a blackbody component with $kT=1.74^{+0.04}_{-0.05}$ keV and $R_{BB}\approx0.3$ km, which may originate from NS hot spots. Although neither explanation for the soft excess can be excluded, the former is more consistent with the properties observed in other supergiant HMXBs. We compare IGR J18214-1318 to other HMXBs that lack pulsations or have long pulsation periods beyond the range covered by our observations.
description: 15 pages, 12 figures, 4 tables
Image reconstruction by domain transform manifold learning
Creators: name: Zhu, Bo
name: Liu, Jeremiah Z.
name: Rosen, Bruce R.
name: Rosen, Matthew S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Image reconstruction plays a critical role in the implementation of all contemporary imaging modalities across the physical and life sciences including optical, MRI, CT, PET, and radio astronomy. During an image acquisition, the sensor encodes an intermediate representation of an object in the sensor domain, which is subsequently reconstructed into an image by an inversion of the encoding function. Image reconstruction is challenging because analytic knowledge of the inverse transform may not exist a priori, especially in the presence of sensor non-idealities and noise. Thus, the standard reconstruction approach involves approximating the inverse function with multiple ad hoc stages in a signal processing chain whose composition depends on the details of each acquisition strategy, and often requires expert parameter tuning to optimize reconstruction performance. We present here a unified framework for image reconstruction, AUtomated TransfOrm by Manifold APproximation (AUTOMAP), which recasts image reconstruction as a data-driven, supervised learning task that allows a mapping between sensor and image domain to emerge from an appropriate corpus of training data. We implement AUTOMAP with a deep neural network and exhibit its flexibility in learning reconstruction transforms for a variety of MRI acquisition strategies, using the same network architecture and hyperparameters. We further demonstrate its efficiency in sparsely representing transforms along low-dimensional manifolds, resulting in superior immunity to noise and reconstruction artifacts compared with conventional handcrafted reconstruction methods. In addition to improving the reconstruction performance of existing acquisition methodologies, we anticipate accelerating the discovery of new acquisition strategies across modalities as the burden of reconstruction becomes lifted by AUTOMAP and learned-reconstruction approaches.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures