cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
title: Studies on the predators and parasites of three species of lake-dwelling leech
Creators: name: M. Spelling, S.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: In the present study, the incidence and effects of predation and parasitism on three species of lake-dwelling leech, viz. Erpobdella octoculata, Glossinhonia complanata and Helobdella stagnalis Were investigated. A literature survey was carried out, and produced a wide range of studies which reported leeches in the diet of predators. The majority of such records were for fish from lakes and rivers, but a few records from waterfowl were also reported. Simple laboratory experiments demonstrated that a wide range of invertebrate and vertebrate predators may feed on both adult and young leeches. Field collections of these predators were taken and examined, using visual and serological techniques to establish what had been eaten. Positive evidence for predation in the field was provided by this work, but the incidence and intensity of predation was found to be very low. Field experiments, using predator exclusion methods in the stony littoral of a eutrophic lake, were carried out but failed to show any marked changes in leech mortality or population dynamics. The parasites of leeches collected from fifteen lakes in England and North Wales were surveyed and five species recorded. These parasites were the microsporidians, Nosema herpobdellae and Nosema glossiphoniae, and the trematodes, Apatemon gracilis, Cotylurus cornutus and Cyathocotyle opaca. Only A. gracilis and C. cornutus were previously reported from British leeches. The microsporidian species were re-described, using electron microscopy. Detailed studies on the incidence of the parasites were carried out in leeches from a eutrophic lake, and a limited amount of evidence for parasite-induced host mortality and a reduction in the fecundity of infected leeches was presented.The findings of the present work are discussed in relation to previous studies on leech populations, and to other mechanisms that may serve to control and regulate these populations. It is concluded that, whilst causing some mortality, predation and parasitism play a minor role in the control and regulation of the leech populations in the stony littoral of eutrophic lakes. it is suggested that the availability of food, particularly to young leeches, may be a more important factor, and certainly one that deserves future attention.
Experimental observation of an anomalous peak in isofield M(T) curves in BaFe$_2$(As$_{1-x}$P$_x$)$_2$ resembling the fish-tail in $M$($H$) curves further suggesting a possible phase transition in the irreversible regime
Creators: name: Salem-Sugui, S.
name: Mosqueira, J.
name: Alvarenga, A. D.
name: Sóñora, D.
name: Herculano, E. P.
name: Hu, Ding
name: Chen, Genfu
name: Luo, Huiqian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We measure magnetization as a function of temperature, magnetic field and time in a BaFe$_2$(As$_{0.68}$P$_{0.32}$)$_2$ single crystal with $T_c$ = 27.6 K. The fish-tail observed on many $M$($H$) curves are used to construct isofield $M$($T$) curves which show an anomalous peak at some temperature $Tt$ suggesting a possible phase transition in the irreversible regime. A vortex dynamics study performed along the peaks evidences a minimum in the relaxation rate occurring at the same position $Tt$ of the minimum value of $M$ in these peaks. A vortex dynamics study performed on $M$($H$) curves show two distinct minimum in the relaxation rate: a first minimum ($H1$) for a lower field correlating with $Tt$ and a second ($H2$) correlating with the peak in the fish-tail. A phase diagram is constructed and the line corresponding to $Tt$ and $H1$ points obey an expression developed in the literature for a structural rhombic to square lattice phase transition, further supporting this view.
description: 11 pages, single column, 5 figures, submitted to Superc. Scien. and Technology
Anisotropic Model with Constant Jerk Parameter in f(R, T) Gravity.
Creators: name: Tiwari, R. K.
name: Sofuoglu, D.
name: Mishra, S. K.
name: Beesham, A.
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Applied mathematics not elsewhere classified
Experimental mathematics

description: In the context of f(R, T ) modified gravity theory, we consider a homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type-I cosmological model which relies on the condition of a constant jerk parameter, j = 1, corresponding to a flat ΛCDM model. Under this condition, we obtain two different solutions, one is power-law and the other one is exponential. The power-law solution gives a decelerating model, while the exponential one yields an accelerating cosmology. We discuss the physical and geometric properties of both models, validity of the solutions, and the significance of modified f(R, T ) gravity for the models
title: On kinematic singularities of low dimension.
Creators: name: Ann. Hobbs, Catherine
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: This thesis is an investigation into the types of singularities that can appear on trajectories of rigid motions, kinematic singularities, motivated by problems in mechanical engineering of designing mechanisms. Here we consider rigid motions of the plane and space with one and two degrees of freedom. In order to study these singularities weprove a multi-germ transversality result and also a result about the restrictions on the codimension of the singularity given by the number of degrees of freedom of the motion. Some of the classifications of the singularities we are interested in have already been completed but all the simple singularities of space curves and also most of the multi-germs, both of the plane and of space, are classified here. We also study the unfoldings and bifurcation sets of all the kinematic singularities on our lists.
Testing the consistency of proapgation between light and heavy cosmic ray nuclei
Creators: name: Wang, Yu
name: Wu, Juan
name: Long, Wei-Cheng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the fundamental issues in cosmic ray physics is to explain the nature of cosmic ray acceleration and propagation mechanisms. Thanks to the precise cosmic ray data measured by recent space experiments, we are able to investigate the cosmic ray acceleration and propagation models more comprehensively and reliably. In this paper, we combine the secondary-to-primary ratios and the primary spectra measured by PAMELA, AMS02, ACE-CRIS and Voyager-1 to constrain the cosmic ray source and transport parameters. The study shows that the $Z>2$ data yield a medium-energy diffusion slope $δ_{2}\sim\left(0.42, 0.48\right)$ and a high-energy slope $δ_{3}\sim\left(0.22, 0.34\right)$. The $Z\leq2$ species obtain a looser constraint on $δ_{2}\sim\left(0.38, 0.47\right)$, but a tighter constraint on $δ_{3}\sim\left(0.21, 0.30\right)$. The overlaps infer that the heavy and light particles can give compatible results at medium to high energies. Besides, both the light and heavy nuclei indicate a consistent diffusion slope variation $Δδ_{H}$ around $200\sim300$~GV. At low energies, significant disagreements exist between the heavy and light elements. The B/C ratio requires a much larger diffusion slope shift $Δδ_{L}$ around 4 GV or a stronger \textit{Alfv$\acute{e}$n velocity} $v_{A}$ than the low-mass data. This indicates that the heavy and light particles may suffer different low-energy transport behaviors in Galaxy. However, better understanding on the consistency/inconsistency between the heavy and light cosmic rays relies on more precise cross-sections, better constraints on correlations in systematic errors of data, more accurate estimation on Galaxy halo size and more robust description for Solar modulation during the reversal period of HMF.
Collaborative learning by leveraging siloed data
Creators: name: Caldas Rivera, Sebastian
Publisher: name: Carnegie Mellon University
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Regulations can often limit stakeholders’ modeling capabilities by preventing data sharing. For example, in order to protect patient privacy, clinical centers may be unable to share their data and thus lack representative records to learn about a rare condition. To address this challenge, previous work in machine learning has shown that these stakeholders benefit from training models in a collaborative fashion, improving their predictive performance. However, as we start training these collaborative models in real-world settings, and in order to be truly useful, they need to provide utility along dimensions beyond predictive performance. In this thesis, we propose methods and algorithms to improve collaborative models that leverage siloed data along three dimensions. In the first part, we propose methods to reduce the communication footprint of models learned by mobile devices cooperating over edge networks, allowing for higher capacity models to be trained. Then, in the second part, we introduce an algorithm that provides explanations about predictions of models trained across clinical centers, thus improving their clinical utility. Finally, in the third part, we address the need to encode expert supervision into collaborative models trained using on-device data, increasing the class of problems we can tackle in these scenarios
Magnetism in Quasi-One-Dimensional A$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$ (A=K,Rb) superconductors
Creators: name: Wu, Xianxin
name: Le, Congcong
name: Yuan, Jing
name: Fan, Heng
name: Hu, Jiangping
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We predict that the recently discovered quasi-one dimensional superconductors, A$_2$Cr$_3$As$_3$(A=K,Rb), possess strong frustrated magnetic fluctuations and are nearby a novel in-out co-planar magnetic ground state. The frustrated magnetism is very sensitive to c-axis lattice constant and can thus be suppressed by increasing pressure. Our results qualitatively explain strong non-Fermi liquid behaviors observed in the normal state of the superconductors as the intertwining between the magnetism and superconductivity can create a large quantum critical region in quasi-one dimensional systems and also suggest that the materials share similar phase diagrams and superconducting mechanism with other unconventional superconductors, such as cuprates and iron-based superconductors.
description: published version
title: Towards an Event Based Plot Model. A Computational Narratology Approach
Creators: name: Gius, Evelyn
name: Vauth, Michael
Publisher: name: Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt
Year: 2023

description: In this paper, we introduce a new computational narratology approach to modeling plot by operationalizing the relationship of narrativity and tellability. Our approach is based on events, or, more precisely, on the narrativity of event representation at the level of discourse, or the how of narration. For presenting the approach, we first discuss the notion of event in narrative theory and its relation to narrativity and plot. We then propose the operationalization of events and narrativity as a discourse phenomena in accordance to these assumptions. In the last section, we optimize our approach by relating the parameters for events and narrativity to summaries. With this we relate the how to the what of narration and account for a comprehensive notion of plot based on a scalar event concept.
Context-Aware Mixup for Domain Adaptive Semantic Segmentation
Creators: name: Zhou, Qianyu
name: Feng, Zhengyang
name: Gu, Qiqi
name: Pang, Jiangmiao
name: Cheng, Guangliang
name: Lu, Xuequan
name: Shi, Jianping
name: Ma, Lizhuang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to adapt a model of the labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain. Existing UDA-based semantic segmentation approaches always reduce the domain shifts in pixel level, feature level, and output level. However, almost all of them largely neglect the contextual dependency, which is generally shared across different domains, leading to less-desired performance. In this paper, we propose a novel Context-Aware Mixup (CAMix) framework for domain adaptive semantic segmentation, which exploits this important clue of context-dependency as explicit prior knowledge in a fully end-to-end trainable manner for enhancing the adaptability toward the target domain. Firstly, we present a contextual mask generation strategy by leveraging the accumulated spatial distributions and prior contextual relationships. The generated contextual mask is critical in this work and will guide the context-aware domain mixup on three different levels. Besides, provided the context knowledge, we introduce a significance-reweighted consistency loss to penalize the inconsistency between the mixed student prediction and the mixed teacher prediction, which alleviates the negative transfer of the adaptation, e.g., early performance degradation. Extensive experiments and analysis demonstrate the effectiveness of our method against the state-of-the-art approaches on widely-used UDA benchmarks.
description: Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology (TCSVT)
Nebraska Voter Survey on Caregiving and Long-Term Care
Creators: name: AARP
Publisher: name: Roper Center for Public Opinion Research
Year: 2022

description: Currently or has been an unpaid caregiver (2); expenses incurred for caregiving expenses (10); emotional/financial strain of caregiving (3); workplace flexibility for caregivers (3); respite care (1); tax credits for caregivers (1); long-term care (4); nursing homes (2); living wage to paid caregivers (1); resources for in-home care (3); distance to healthcare facilities (3); telehealth (15); health information security (2); multi-generational care facilities (1); coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic (3).
Supplementary Materials from Learning strategies and long-term memory in Asian short-clawed otters (Aonyx cinereus)
Creators: name: Saliveros, Alexander M.
name: Blyth, Eleanor C.
name: Easter, Carrie
name: Hume, Georgina V.
name: McAusland, Fraser
name: Hoppitt, William
name: Boogert, Neeltje J.
Publisher: name: The Royal Society
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 60801 Animal Behaviour
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Supplementary methods, tables, and figures
Optimal Shapes for the First Dirichlet Eigenvalue of the $p$-Laplacian and Dihedral symmetry
Creators: name: Chorwadwala, Anisa M. H.
name: Ghosh, Mrityunjoy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper, we consider the optimization problem for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue $λ_1(Ω)$ of the $p$-Laplacian $Δ_p$, $1< p< \infty$, over a family of doubly connected planar domains $Ω= B \setminus \overline{P}$, where $B$ is an open disk and $P\subsetneq B$ is a domain which is invariant under the action of a dihedral group $\mathbb{D}_n$ for some $n \geq 2,\;n\in \mathbb{N}$. We study the behaviour of $λ_1$ with respect to the rotations of $P$ about its center. We prove that the extremal configurations correspond to the cases where $Ω$ is symmetric with respect to the line containing both the centers. Among these optimizing domains, the OFF configurations correspond to the minimizing ones while the ON configurations correspond to the maximizing ones. Furthermore, we obtain symmetry (periodicity) and monotonicity properties of $λ_1$ with respect to these rotations. In particular, we prove that the conjecture formulated in [14] for $n$ odd and $p=2$ holds true. As a consequence of our monotonicity results, we show that if the nodal set of a second eigenfunction of the $p$-Laplacian possesses a dihedral symmetry of the same order as that of $P$, then it can not enclose $P$.
description: 15 pages, 6 figures
An Investigation Into Convectively Driven Shear at Low Prandtl Number
Creators: name: Joshi-Cale, Tom
name: Browning, Matthew
name: Lance, Simon
name: Currie, Laura
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: Convection in stars can establish differential rotation, which in turn may alter the convective flows. Prior numerical simulations and laboratory experiments have shown in particular that two-dimensional Rayleigh-Bénard convection can drive large-scale horizontal flows that are vertically sheared. These flows affect the convective heat transport so the resulting behaviour can be very complex, with “bursts” of vigorous convection separated by relatively quiescent intervals. Here, we extend this work by studying horizontally periodic convection in the astrophysically relevant regime of very low Prandtl number (Pr, the ratio of viscous and thermal diffusivities). Using the Dedalus pseudo-spectral code we present direct numerical simulations of such ‘shearing convection’ for different values of Pr and other governing parameters. We find that shearing states are widespread for Pr less than unity, and we show how these flows modify the convective transport.
description: {"references": ["Goluskin, D. et al. (2014), Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 751, 360-85", "Burns, K. J. et al. (2020), Physical Review Research, 2, 023068", "Orvedahl, R. et al. (2018), ApJ, 856, 13", "Currie, L. et al. (2020), MNRAS, 493, 5233-5256", "Brown, B. P. et al. (2008), ApJ, 689, 1354-1372"]}
Exploring degeneracies in modified gravity with weak lensing
Creators: name: Leonard, C. Danielle
name: Baker, Tessa
name: Ferreira, Pedro G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: By considering linear-order departures from general relativity, we compute a novel expression for the weak lensing convergence power spectrum under alternative theories of gravity. This comprises an integral over a 'kernel' of general relativistic quantities multiplied by a theory-dependent 'source' term. The clear separation between theory-independent and -dependent terms allows for an explicit understanding of each physical effect introduced by altering the theory of gravity. We take advantage of this to explore the degeneracies between gravitational parameters in weak lensing observations.
description: 17 pages, 7 figures. v2: Minor changes to match version accepted by PRD
Surface Luttinger arcs in Weyl semimetals
Creators: name: Obakpolor, Osakpolor Eki
name: Hosur, Pavan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The surface of a Weyl semimetal famously hosts an exotic topological metal that contains open Fermi arcs rather than closed Fermi surfaces. In this work, we show that the surface is also endowed with a feature normally associated with strongly interacting systems, namely, Luttinger arcs, defined as zeros of the electron Green's function. The Luttinger arcs connect surface projections of Weyl nodes of opposite chirality and form closed loops with the Fermi arcs when the Weyl nodes are undoped. Upon doping, the ends of the Fermi and Luttinger arcs separate and the intervening regions get filled by surface projections of bulk Fermi surfaces. Remarkably, unlike Luttinger contours in strongly interacting systems, the precise shape of the Luttinger arcs can be determined experimentally by removing a surface layer. We use this principle to sketch the Luttinger arcs for Co and Sn terminations in Co$_{3}$Sn$_{2}$S$_{2}$. The area enclosed by the Fermi and Luttinger arcs approximately equals the surface particle density in weakly coupled systems while the correction is governed by the interlayer couplings and the perimeter of the Fermi-Luttinger loop.
description: Proof of Luttinger arcs generalized; discussion of Luttinger's theorem rephrased
An Dr. med. Friedrich Ernst
Creators: name: E., H.
Publisher: name: Zentralbibliothek Zürich
Year: 1911
Subjects: subject: 920 Biografien, Genealogie, Insignien
subject: Nachruf
subject: Ernst, Friedrich
subject: Winterthur
subject: Zürich

description: [Drei Nekrologe aus Zeitungen]
Weak-Field Spherically Symmetric Solutions in $f(T)$ gravity
Creators: name: Ruggiero, Matteo Luca
name: Radicella, Ninfa
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study weak-field solutions having spherical symmetry in $f(T)$ gravity; to this end, we solve the field equations for a non diagonal tetrad, starting from Lagrangian in the form $f(T)=T+αT^{n}$, where $α$ is a small constant, parameterizing the departure of the theory from GR. We show that the classical spherically symmetric solutions of GR, i.e. the Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild-de Sitter solutions, are perturbed by terms in the form $\propto r^{2-2n}$ and discuss the impact of these perturbations in observational tests.
description: 11 pages, LaTeX; revised to match the version accepted for publication in Physical Review D
Integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect in massive bigravity
Creators: name: Enander, Jonas
name: Akrami, Yashar
name: Mortsell, Edvard
name: Renneby, Malin
name: Solomon, Adam R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect in ghost-free, massive bigravity. We focus on the infinite-branch bigravity (IBB) model which exhibits viable cosmic expansion histories and stable linear perturbations, while the cosmological constant is set to zero and the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe is due solely to the gravitational interaction terms. The ISW contribution to the CMB auto-correlation power spectrum is predicted, as well as the cross-correlation between the CMB temperature anisotropies and large-scale structure. We use ISW amplitudes as observed by the WMAP 9-year temperature data together with galaxy and AGN data provided by the WISE mission in order to compare the theoretical predictions to the observations. The ISW amplitudes in IBB are found to be larger than the corresponding ones in the standard LCDM model by roughly a factor of 1.5, but are still consistent with the observations.
description: 10 pages, 3 figures. v2: refs added, minor rephrasings, results and conclusions unchanged. v3: matches version published in PRD
Top-quark production in proton-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at LHC energies and beyond
Creators: name: d'Enterria, David
name: Krajczar, Krisztian
name: Paukkunen, Hannu
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single and pair top-quark production in proton-lead (p-Pb) and lead-lead (Pb-Pb) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future circular collider (FCC) energies, are studied with next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations including nuclear parton distribution functions. At the LHC, the pair-production cross sections amount to sigma(t-tbar) = 3.4 mub in Pb-Pb at sqrt(s) = 5.5 TeV, and sigma(t-tbar) = 60 nb in p-Pb at sqrt(s) = 8.8 TeV. At the FCC energies of sqrt(s) = 39 and 63 TeV, the same cross sections are factors of 90 and 55 times larger respectively. In the leptonic final-state t-tbar --> W+b W-bbar --> b bbar l+l- nu+nu-, after typical acceptance and efficiency cuts, one expects about 90 and 300 top-quarks per nominal LHC-year and 4.7 10^4 and 10^5 per FCC-year in Pb-Pb and p-Pb collisions respectively. The total t-tbar cross sections, dominated by gluon fusion processes, are enhanced by 3--8% in nuclear compared to p-p collisions due to an overall net gluon antishadowing, although different regions of their differential distributions are depleted due to shadowing or EMC-effect corrections. The rapidity distributions of the decay leptons in t-tbar processes can be used to reduce the uncertainty on the Pb gluon density at high virtualities by up to 30% at the LHC (full heavy-ion programme), and by 70% per FCC-year. The cross sections for single-top production in electroweak processes are also computed, yielding about a factor of 30 smaller number of measurable top-quarks after cuts, per system and per year.
description: 14 pages, 5 figs. Minor modifications. Version to appear in Phys.Lett.B
Abnormal Road Surface Detection Using Wheel Sensor Data
Creators: name: Dózsa, Tamás
name: Radó, János
name: Volk, János
name: Kisari, Ádám
name: Soumelidis, Alexandros
name: Kovács, Péter
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.2; G.1.6
subject: 65T99

description: Intelligent tires can be used for a wide array of applications ranging from tire pressure monitoring to analyzing tire/road interactions, wheel loading, and tread wear monitoring. In this article, we develop a measurement system for intelligent tires equipped with a 3-D piezoresistive force sensor. The output of the sensor is segmented into tire revolution cycles, which are then represented by a transformation relying on adaptive Hermite functions. The underlying idea behind this step is to extract relevant features which capture tire dynamics. Then we evaluate the proposed measurement system in a potential vehicle application, that is, abnormal road surface detection. We deal with the corresponding binary classification problem by developing both low-complexity analytical and data-driven machine learning algorithms, which are tested on real-world measurement data. Our experiments showed that the proposed methods are able to detect abnormalities on the road surface with a mean accuracy of over 97%.
EU FAR - Abordarea disparităților teritoriale în ceea ce privește absorbția fondurilor UE. Prezentare succintă a recomandărilor de politici
Creators: name: Marin, Monica
name: Chiș, Alin
name: Corad, Bogdan
name: Glăvan, Eugen
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: rural
urban
LAU
știință deschisă
România
perioadă de programare

description: Recomandări de politici dezvoltat în cadrul proiectului EU FAR (EU Funds by Area Results).
DeepSleepNet-Lite: A Simplified Automatic Sleep Stage Scoring Model with Uncertainty Estimates
Creators: name: Fiorillo, Luigi
name: Favaro, Paolo
name: Faraci, Francesca Dalia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Deep learning is widely used in the most recent automatic sleep scoring algorithms. Its popularity stems from its excellent performance and from its ability to directly process raw signals and to learn feature from the data. Most of the existing scoring algorithms exploit very computationally demanding architectures, due to their high number of training parameters, and process lengthy time sequences in input (up to 12 minutes). Only few of these architectures provide an estimate of the model uncertainty. In this study we propose DeepSleepNet-Lite, a simplified and lightweight scoring architecture, processing only 90-seconds EEG input sequences. We exploit, for the first time in sleep scoring, the Monte Carlo dropout technique to enhance the performance of the architecture and to also detect the uncertain instances. The evaluation is performed on a single-channel EEG Fpz-Cz from the open source Sleep-EDF expanded database. DeepSleepNet-Lite achieves slightly lower performance, if not on par, compared to the existing state-of-the-art architectures, in overall accuracy, macro F1-score and Cohen's kappa (on Sleep-EDF v1-2013 +/-30mins: 84.0%, 78.0%, 0.78; on Sleep-EDF v2-2018 +/-30mins: 80.3%, 75.2%, 0.73). Monte Carlo dropout enables the estimate of the uncertain predictions. By rejecting the uncertain instances, the model achieves higher performance on both versions of the database (on Sleep-EDF v1-2013 +/-30mins: 86.1.0%, 79.6%, 0.81; on Sleep-EDF v2-2018 +/-30mins: 82.3%, 76.7%, 0.76). Our lighter sleep scoring approach paves the way to the application of scoring algorithms for sleep analysis in real-time.
title: Winding up and insolvency of charities : including rescue mechanisms.
Creators: name: Yates, Elizabeth.
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: This study aims broadly to explore the legal and practical problems of winding up and insolvency for charities that are, or ought to be, registered with the Charity Commissioners for England and Wales and to explore possible 'rescue mechanisms.' It seeks to identify common underlying factors or trends associated with charities becoming insolvent or being wound up. The methodology consisted of book work and practical research in which a detailed study was made of 130 charitable companies and the experiences of legal and accountancy practitioners were sought. Twenty case studies were put together from information provided by the practitioners and from the author's own experience. The areas of legal complexity explored include problems associated with land and endowments, and the augmentation principle in respect of bequests to a corporate charity that has been dissolved. Some issues such as property holding and personal liability are more complex in an unincorporated association. Practical difficulties such as disputes between trustees, between staff and trustees, or between members are significant as are the legal and practical complexities associated with the contract culture. Charities represent an important sector of the economy, collectively being worth £19.7bn in 1998, and their success or failure is of public concern. The research indicates that charities are affected by societal changes, legislative change and changes in the attitudes of beneficiaries. Their dissolution or winding up is often a result of a combination of factors, both internal and external and service providing charities appear to be particularly vulnerable. The quality, cost, and availability of professional advice is considered. It is suggested that the role of local intermediary bodies could be enhanced and that a means be found for accrediting the competence of charity advisors, whether professional or lay.
Gamma-ray novae as probes of relativistic particle acceleration at non-relativistic shocks
Creators: name: Metzger, Brian D.
name: Finzell, Thomas
name: Vurm, Indrek
name: Hascoet, Romain
name: Beloborodov, Andrei M.
name: Chomiuk, Laura
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The Fermi LAT discovery that classical novae produce >100 MeV gamma-rays establishes that shocks and relativistic particle acceleration are key features of these events. These shocks are likely to be radiative due to the high densities of the nova ejecta at early times coincident with the gamma-ray emission. Thermal X-rays radiated behind the shock are absorbed by neutral gas and reprocessed into optical emission, similar to Type IIn (interacting) supernovae. Gamma-rays are produced by collisions between relativistic protons with the nova ejecta (hadronic scenario) or Inverse Compton/bremsstrahlung emission from relativistic electrons (leptonic scenario), where in both scenarios the efficiency for converting relativistic particle energy into LAT gamma-rays is at most a few tens of per cent. The ratio of gamma-ray and optical luminosities, L_gam/L_opt, thus sets a lower limit on the fraction of the shock power used to accelerate relativistic particles, e_nth. The measured values of L_gam/L_opt for two classical novae, V1324 Sco and V339 Del, constrains e_nth > 1e-2 and > 1e-3, respectively. Inverse Compton models for the gamma-ray emission are disfavored given the low electron acceleration efficiency, e_nth ~ 1e-4-1e-3, inferred from observations of Galactic cosmic rays and particle-in-cell (PIC) numerical simulations. A fraction > 100(0.01/e_nth) and > 10(0.01/e_nth) per cent of the optical luminosity is powered by shocks in V1324 Sco and V339 Del, respectively. Such high fractions challenge standard models that instead attribute all nova optical emission to the direct outwards transport of thermal energy released near the white dwarf surface.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, accepted to MNRAS after minor edits
Passenger Congestion Alleviation in Large Hub Airport Ground Access System Based on Queueing Theory
Creators: name: Yiting, Hu
name: Xiling, Luo
name: Dongmei, Bai
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Systems and Control (eess.SY)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: 90-10

description: Airport public transport systems are plagued by passenger queue congestion, imposing a substandard travel experience and unexpected delays. To address this issue, this paper proposes a bi-level programming for optimizing queueing network in airport access based on passenger choice behavior. For this purpose, we derive queueing network for airport public transport system, which include the taxi, bus, and subway. Then, we propose a bi-level programming model for optimizing queueing network. The lower level subprogram is designed to correspond to the profit maximization principle for passenger transport mode choice behavior, while the upper level subprogram is designed to minimize the maximum number of passengers waiting to be served. Decision makers consider imposing queue tolls on passengers to incentivize them to change their choice and achieve the goal of avoiding congestion. Finally, we develop the successive weighted averages (MSWA) method to solve the lower subprogram's passenger share rates and the ant lion optimization (ALO) method to solve the bi-level program's queue toll scheme for upper-level objectives. We prove the effectiveness of the proposed method on two situations of simulation, daytime and evening cases. The numerical results highlight that our strategy can alleviate queue congestion for both scenarios and effectively improve evacuation efficiency.
description: 26 pages,22 figures
Supervised Compression for Resource-Constrained Edge Computing Systems
Creators: name: Matsubara, Yoshitomo
name: Yang, Ruihan
name: Levorato, Marco
name: Mandt, Stephan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: There has been much interest in deploying deep learning algorithms on low-powered devices, including smartphones, drones, and medical sensors. However, full-scale deep neural networks are often too resource-intensive in terms of energy and storage. As a result, the bulk part of the machine learning operation is therefore often carried out on an edge server, where the data is compressed and transmitted. However, compressing data (such as images) leads to transmitting information irrelevant to the supervised task. Another popular approach is to split the deep network between the device and the server while compressing intermediate features. To date, however, such split computing strategies have barely outperformed the aforementioned naive data compression baselines due to their inefficient approaches to feature compression. This paper adopts ideas from knowledge distillation and neural image compression to compress intermediate feature representations more efficiently. Our supervised compression approach uses a teacher model and a student model with a stochastic bottleneck and learnable prior for entropy coding (Entropic Student). We compare our approach to various neural image and feature compression baselines in three vision tasks and found that it achieves better supervised rate-distortion performance while maintaining smaller end-to-end latency. We furthermore show that the learned feature representations can be tuned to serve multiple downstream tasks.
description: Accepted to WACV 2022. Code and models are available at https://github.com/yoshitomo-matsubara/supervised-compression
title: Normalisation and readers' expectations : a study of literary translation with reference to Lispector's A Hora da Estrela.
Creators: name: Nelia. Scott, Maria
Publisher: name: University of Liverpool Repository
Year: 2023

description: The topic of this thesis is the process of'normalisation' by which a translator accommodatesa sourcet ext to the norms of the target languagea nd culture. The researchi nvestigatest his phenomenonin two ways: first, through text analysis identifying features in the target text which potentially contribute to easy readability, and, subsequentlyt,h rough readersr espondingt o the translation and the sourcet ext. Computer tools were used to compare the source text and the target text, resulting in a list of eleven identifiable main features which were found to contribute to a normalising effect. One of the features, 'patterns of repetition', was examined in detail. The translation had less repetition in part because of systemic differences but also due to the translator's choice, whether conscious or unconscious, to use variant terms. A section of the thesis investigates negativity which is of considerable literary relevance in the case of A Hora da Estrela, and evidence is supplied that negativity is reduced in the translation. Other featuresi n the sourcet ext which are mostly associatedw ith spoken aspects of language were found to have shifted to a written style, contributing to a normalising shift from spoken to written register. Such features suggest that the translation hasb een 'domesticatedt' o suit the English-speakingr eader. The second way in which normalisation was investigated was via readers' responses. A number of studies were carried out, using non-specialists and'semi-specialised readers' (students of literature). Critical reactions to the various translations of the novel suggested that normalisation was perceived when the source and the target were compared, but not by readers of the target version alone. iii
A machine learning-based investigation of cloud service attacks
Creators: name: Al-Mandhari, Intisar
Publisher: name: Loughborough University
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: 89999 Information and Computing Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this thesis, the security challenges of cloud computing are investigated in the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) layer, as security is one of the major concerns related to Cloud services. As IaaS consists of different security terms, the research has been further narrowed down to focus on Network Layer Security. Review of existing research revealed that several types of attacks and threats can affect cloud security. Therefore, there is a need for intrusion defence implementations to protect cloud services. Intrusion Detection (ID) is one of the most effective solutions for reacting to cloud network attacks. [Continues.]
Elementary functions in Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz
Creators: name: Suzuki, Junji
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 82B23

description: Some years ago, Fendley found an explicit solution to Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz (TBA) equation for a N=2 supersymmetric theory in 2D with a specific F-term. Motivated by this, we seek for explicit solutions for other super-potential cases utilizing the idea from the ODE/IM correspondence. We find that TBA equations, corresponding to a wider class of super-potentials, admit solutions in terms of elementary functions such as modified Bessel functions and confluent hyper-geometric series.
description: Based on talks given at "Infinite Analysis 2014" (Tokyo, Feb. 2014) and at "Integrable lattice models and quantum field theories" (Bad-Honnef, June 2014), typos corrected
A Tutorial on Time-Dependent Cohort State-Transition Models in R using a Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Example
Creators: name: Alarid-Escudero, Fernando
name: Krijkamp, Eline M.
name: Enns, Eva A.
name: Yang, Alan
name: Hunink, M. G. Myriam
name: Pechlivanoglou, Petros
name: Jalal, Hawre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation (stat.CO)
subject: General Economics (econ.GN)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Applications (stat.AP)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Economics and business
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: G.3; I.6.5; J.3; J.4
subject: 97M60 (Primary) 92D30 92B15, 60J10 (Secondary)

description: In an introductory tutorial, we illustrated building cohort state-transition models (cSTMs) in R, where the state transitions probabilities were constant over time. However, in practice, many cSTMs require transitions, rewards, or both to vary over time (time-dependent). This tutorial illustrates adding two types of time-dependency using a previously published cost-effectiveness analysis of multiple strategies as an example. The first is simulation-time dependence, which allows for the transition probabilities to vary as a function of time as measured since the start of the simulation (e.g., varying probability of death as the cohort ages). The second is state-residence time dependence, allowing for history by tracking the time spent in any particular health state using tunnel states. We use these time-dependent cSTMs to conduct cost-effectiveness and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We also obtain various epidemiological outcomes of interest from the outputs generated from the cSTM, such as survival probability and disease prevalence, often used for model calibration and validation. We present the mathematical notation first, followed by the R code to execute the calculations. The full R code is provided in a public code repository for broader implementation.
description: 34 pages, 7 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2001.07824
title: Selektive Elektrostimulation (SELS) mit Oberflächenelektroden bei einseitiger Rekurrensparese (UVFP)
Creators: name: Schneider-Stickler, Berit
name: Kurz, Annabella
name: Leonhard, Matthias
Publisher: name: German Medical Science GMS Publishing House
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: 610 Medical sciences; Medicine

description: Hintergrund SELS ist eine funktionelle elektrische Stimulation und eine interessante Behandlungsmöglichkeit für UVFP-Patienten. Bisher gilt die SELS noch nicht als Routinetherapie bei Stimmstörungen, da es bisher nicht möglich war, Stimulationsparameter so zu bestimmen, dass mittels[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]
description: Phoniatrisch-pädaudiologische Aspekte 2020
You Only Hear Once: A YOLO-like Algorithm for Audio Segmentation and Sound Event Detection
Creators: name: Venkatesh, Satvik
name: Moffat, David
name: Miranda, Eduardo Reck
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Audio and Speech Processing (eess.AS)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Sound (cs.SD)
subject: FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: I.5.1; I.5.4

description: Audio segmentation and sound event detection are crucial topics in machine listening that aim to detect acoustic classes and their respective boundaries. It is useful for audio-content analysis, speech recognition, audio-indexing, and music information retrieval. In recent years, most research articles adopt segmentation-by-classification. This technique divides audio into small frames and individually performs classification on these frames. In this paper, we present a novel approach called You Only Hear Once (YOHO), which is inspired by the YOLO algorithm popularly adopted in Computer Vision. We convert the detection of acoustic boundaries into a regression problem instead of frame-based classification. This is done by having separate output neurons to detect the presence of an audio class and predict its start and end points. The relative improvement for F-measure of YOHO, compared to the state-of-the-art Convolutional Recurrent Neural Network, ranged from 1% to 6% across multiple datasets for audio segmentation and sound event detection. As the output of YOHO is more end-to-end and has fewer neurons to predict, the speed of inference is at least 6 times faster than segmentation-by-classification. In addition, as this approach predicts acoustic boundaries directly, the post-processing and smoothing is about 7 times faster.
description: 19 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables. Added more experimental validation and background information. Published in Applied Sciences
On the possibility to detect the Higgs decay $H\to b\bar b$ in the associated $Z + b\bar b$ production at the LHC
Creators: name: Lipatov, A. V.
name: Zotov, N. P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the possibility to detect the scalar Higgs boson decay $H\to b\bar b$ in the associated $Z$ and $b\bar b$ production at the LHC using the $k_T$-factorization QCD approach. Our consideration is based on the off-shell (i.e. depending on the transverse momenta of initial quarks and gluons) production amplitudes of $q^* \bar q^* \to Z H \to Z q^\prime \bar q^\prime$, $q^* \bar q^* \to Z q^\prime \bar q^\prime$ and $g^* g^* \to Z q^\prime \bar q^\prime$ partonic subprocesses supplemented with the Catani-Ciafoloni-Fiorani-Marchesini (CCFM) dynamics of parton densities in a proton. We argue that the $H \to b\bar b$ signal could be observed at large transverse momenta near Higgs boson peak despite the overwhelming QCD background, and point out an important role of angular correlations between the produced $Z$ boson and $b$-quarks.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures
Accelerating binary black hole system.
Creators: name: Beesham, Aroonkumar
Publisher: name: Mangosuthu University of Technology (MUT)
Year: 2023
Subjects: Applied mathematics not elsewhere classified
Experimental mathematics

description: Recently, by the end of their second observing run, advanced LIGO and Virgo have detected some binary black hole mergers. In this paper, we show that the acceleration of black holes around each other causes the emergence of two Rindler space–times. The parameters of the black hole in each region change in opposite order to the parameters of the black hole in the other region. Also, the acceleration has a direct relation to the black hole entropies and their observed redshifts