cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spectral singularities of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and SUSY transformations
Creators: name: Samsonov, Boris F
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Simple examples of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians with purely real spectra defined in $L^2(R^+)$ having spectral singularities inside the continuous spectrum are given. It is shown that such Hamiltonians may appear by shifting the ndependent variable of a real potential into the complex plane. Also they may be created as SUSY partners of Hermitian Hamiltonians. In the latter case spectral singularities of a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian are ordinary points of the continuous spectrum for its Hermitian SUSY partner. Conditions for transformation functions are formulated when a complex potential with complex eigenenergies and spectral singularities has a SUSY partner with a real spectrum without spectral singularities. Finally we shortly discuss why Hamiltonians with spectral singularities are `bad'.
HKR For Handwritten Kazakh & Russian Database
Creators: name: Nurseitov, Daniyar
name: Bostanbekov, Kairat
name: Kurmankhojayev, Daniyar
name: Alimova, Anel
name: Abdallah, Abdelrahman
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this paper, we present a new Russian and Kazakh database (with about 95% of Russian and 5% of Kazakh words/sentences respectively) for offline handwriting recognition. A few pre-processing and segmentation procedures have been developed together with the database. The database is written in Cyrillic and shares the same 33 characters. Besides these characters, the Kazakh alphabet also contains 9 additional specific characters. This dataset is a collection of forms. The sources of all the forms in the datasets were generated by \LaTeX which subsequently was filled out by persons with their handwriting. The database consists of more than 1400 filled forms. There are approximately 63000 sentences, more than 715699 symbols produced by approximately 200 different writers. It can serve researchers in the field of handwriting recognition tasks by using deep and machine learning.
description: Multimed Tools Appl (2021)
Suppression of compressible edge channels and spatial spin polarization in the integer quantum Hall regime
Creators: name: Ihnatsenka, S.
name: Zozoulenko, I. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We perform systematic numerical studies of the structure of spin-resolved compressible strips in split-gate quantum wires taking into account the exchange and correlation interactions within the density functional theory in the local spin-density approximation. We find that for realistic parameters of the wire the exchange interaction can completely suppress the formation of the compressible strips. As the depletion length or magnetic field are increased, the compressible strips starts to form first for the spin-down and then for spin-up edge channels. We demonstrate that the widths of these strips plus the spatial separation between them caused by the exchange interaction are equal to the width of the compressible strip calculated in the Hartree approximation for spinless electrons. We also discuss the effect of electron density on the suppression of the compressible strips in quantum wires.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. B
Additional file 1 of Changes in, and factors associated with family functioning: results of four cross-sectional household surveys from 2011 to 2017 in Hong Kong
Creators: name: Lo, Camilla Kin Ming
name: Chen, Qiqi
name: Chen, Mengtong
name: Chan, Ko Ling
name: Ip, Patrick
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Virology

description: Supplementary Material 1
Principal points and elliptical distributions from the multivariate setting to the functional case
Creators: name: Bali, Juan Lucas
name: Boente, Graciela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The $k$ principal points of a random vector $\mathbf{X}$ are defined as a set of points which minimize the expected squared distance between $\mathbf{X}$ and the nearest point in the set. They are thoroughly studied in Flury (1990, 1993), Tarpey (1995) and Tarpey, Li and Flury (1995). For their treatment, the examination is usually restricted to the family of elliptical distributions. In this paper, we present an extension of the previous results to the functional elliptical distribution case, i.e., when dealing with random elements over a separable Hilbert space ${\cal H}$. Principal points for gaussian processes were defined in Tarpey and Kinateder (2003). In this paper, we generalize the concepts of principal points, self-consistent points and elliptical distributions so as to fit them in this functional framework. Results linking self-consistency and the eigenvectors of the covariance operator are re-obtained in this new setting as well as an explicit formula for the $k=2$ case so as to include elliptically distributed random elements in ${\cal H}$.
Effects of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emission Mitigation Policies: The Role of International Trade
Creators: name: Schneider, Uwe A.
name: Lee, Heng-Chi
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Chen, Chi-Chung
name: Schneider, Uwe A.
name: Lee, Heng-Chi
name: McCarl, Bruce A.
name: Chen, Chi-Chung
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2001
Subjects: subject: Environmental Economics and Policy
subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Agricultural Sector Model
subject: crop exports
subject: food production
subject: greenhouse gas emission mitigation
subject: international trade
subject: Kyoto Protocol
subject: leakage

description: The Kyoto Protocol represents the first international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Proposed mitigation efforts may involve the agricultural sector through such options as planting trees, crop and livestock management changes, and biofuels production. The combined use of these strategies could substantially reduce net emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. However, countries where the Protocol imposes emissions caps have expressed concern about their competitiveness with countries that are not part of the Kyoto Protocol. In a free-trade arena, food production and exports in unregulated countries could increase and reduce market share for the producers in complying countries. We examine the effects of differential Protocol treatments on agricultural food production and on international trade of agricultural commodities modeling under the assumption that the average U.S. compliance-caused cost increase would also occur in other complying countries. The three cases considered are (1) unilateral U.S. implementation, (2) unilateral Annex I country implementation, and (3) global implementation. The results, which are only suggestive of the types of effects that would be observed due to the simplifying cost assumptions, indicate compliance causes supply cutbacks in regulated countries and supply increases in nonregulated countries. In addition, the study results show that U.S. agricultural producers are likely to benefit from a Kyoto Protocollike environment, but consumers are likely to be hurt in terms of their agricultural welfare.
Electronic government and perception of corruption. A comparative study on its relationship in Latin American countries
Creators: name: REYSON LIZARDO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160509 Public Administration
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This doctoral research work examines the relationship between the development of eGovernment in Latin American countries and the perception of corruption that have their citizens, seeking to find intervening factors to explain that relationship.
T39870 (ePrint UCM Tesis Doctoral).pdf
Creators: name: REYSON LIZARDO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 160509 Public Administration
subject: FOS: Political science

description: This doctoral research work examines the relationship between the development of eGovernment in Latin American countries and the perception of corruption that have their citizens, seeking to find intervening factors to explain that relationship.
The Small-Scale Power Spectrum of Cold Dark Matter
Creators: name: Loeb, Abraham
name: Zaldarriaga, Matias
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: One of the best motivated hypotheses in cosmology states that most of the matter in the universe is in the form of weakly-interacting massive particles that decoupled early in the history of the universe and cooled adiabatically to an extremely low temperature. Nevertheless, the finite temperature and horizon scales at which these particles decoupled imprint generic signatures on their small scales density fluctuations. We show that the previously recognized cut-off in the fluctuation power-spectrum due to free-streaming of particles at the thermal speed of decoupling, is supplemented by acoustic oscillations owing to the initial coupling between the cold dark matter (CDM) and the radiation field. The power-spectrum oscillations appear on the scale of the horizon at thermal decoupling which corresponds to a mass scale of \~10^{-4}*(T_d/10MeV)^{-3} solar masses for a CDM decoupling temperature T_d. The suppression of the power-spectrum on smaller scales by the acoustic oscillations is physically independent from the free-streaming effect, although the two cut-off scales are coincidentally comparable for T_d~10MeV and a particle mass of M~100GeV. The initial conditions for recent numerical simulations of the earliest and smallest objects to have formed in the universe, need to be modified accordingly. The smallest dark matter clumps may be detectable through gamma-ray production from particle annihilation, through fluctuations in the event rate of direct detection experiments, or through their tidal gravitational effect on wide orbits of objects near the outer edge of the solar system.
description: Physical Review D, in press
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECTS
Creators: name: Moschini, GianCarlo
name: Moschini, GianCarlo
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: International Relations/Trade
subject: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
subject: copyrights
subject: cross-border externalities
subject: intellectual property
subject: international trade
subject: patents
subject: trademarks
subject: TRIPS
subject: WTO

description: This paper analyzes the main economic issues of intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO). A retrospective view on the establishment of the TRIPS (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) Agreement, a still controversial accomplishment of the Uruguay Round of trade liberalization, is provided. The paper reviews the economic rationale for the harmonization of IPRs, drawing both on economic theory considerations as well as emerging empirical evidence. The logic of linking IPR protection and trade in the context of the WTO is also re-examined. Some specific attention is devoted to the implications of TRIPS for agricultural and biotechnology innovations. The impact that IPR protection can have in promoting growth and development, and the relation of IPRs with other economic policies, is discussed. The paper concludes with an analysis of the prospects for more (or less) IPRs-related consensus in the current round of WTO negotiations.
Sublattice symmetry breaking and ultra low energy excitations in Graphene-on-hBN Heterostructures
Creators: name: Singh, U. R.
name: Prada, M.
name: Strenzke, V.
name: Bosnjak, B.
name: Schmirander, T.
name: Tiemann, L.
name: Blick, R. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The low-lying states of graphene contain exciting topological properties that depend on the interplay of different symmetry breaking terms. The corresponding energy gaps remained unexplored until recently, owing to the low energy scale of the terms involved (few tens of ueV). These low energy terms include sublattice splitting, the Rashba and the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling, whose balance determines the topological properties. In this work, we unravel the contributions arising from the sublattice and the intrinsic spin orbit splitting in graphene on hexagonal boron-nitride. Employing resistively-detected electron spin resonance, we measure a sublattice splitting of the order of 20E-6 eV, and confirm an intrinsic spin orbit coupling of approximately 45E-6 eV. The dominance of the latter suggests a topologically non-trivial state, involving fascinating properties. Electron spin resonance is a promising route towards unveiling the intriguing band structure at low energy scales.
$B_7$, $B_8$ and chiral Ward identities
Creators: name: Lee, Weonjong
name: Fleming, George T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present recent progress in understanding weak matrix elements on the lattice. We use HYP staggered fermions in quenched QCD to study numerically various properties of the $K^+\toπ^+$ amplitudes of the electroweak penguin operators $Q_7$ and $Q_8$. We check chiral Ward identities to probe the validity of using improved staggered fermions in the calculation of weak matrix elements. We address the issue of mixing with unphysical lower dimension operators, which causes a divergent term in the case of the $ΔI = 1/2$ amplitudes. We propose a particular subtraction method as the best choice. We also measure the gold-plated ratio $R$ originally suggested by Becirevic and Villadoro.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures, lattice 2005 proceeding
ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CLOSING THE RIVER GULF GRAIN COMPANY ON LOCAL PRODUCERS OF CORN AND SOYBEANS
Creators: name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
name: Carriquiry, Miguel A.
name: Babcock, Bruce A.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Crop Production/Industries
subject: grain transportation
subject: local monopsony

description: Hotelling's classic model of spatial competition is used to estimate the impacts on price of the closure of one of three grain buyers on the Mississippi River in the vicinity of Scott County, Iowa. The customers of the buyer who is closing (River Gulf Grain Company) in Davenport, Iowa, are assumed to deliver their grain to a buyer in either Buffalo, Iowa, to the south or to a buyer in Clinton, Iowa, to the north. Calibration of Hotelling's framework to this situation leads to an estimated decline in grain bids of 1.5¢ per bushel for the buyer located in Clinton and by 2.5¢ per bushel for the buyer located in Buffalo. These estimates are based on an incremental transportation cost of 0.15¢ per mile between the seller's farm and the buyer. This price decline would reduce gross receipts of the farmers who currently deliver to Davenport by approximately $264,000 per year. The effect of lower price bids on gross receipts of all area farmers would be approximately $745,000 per year. Transportation costs would increase by an estimated $75,000 for those farmers who would have to haul their grain farther because of the closure. Cost savings to other farmers would total approximately $60,000. These are farmers who chose to haul their grain to Davenport even though one of the alternative buyers was closer. The total impact on local economic activity from the closure of the River Gulf Grain Company would be higher than this amount because of the direct and indirect consequences of a loss of 19 jobs, some increased damage to roads from increased miles traveled, and increased waiting times at grain-buying facilities.
U.S. Farm Policy and the Variability of Commodity Prices and Farm Revenues
Creators: name: Lence, Sergio H.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
name: Lence, Sergio H.
name: Hayes, Dermot J.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2000
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: FAIR Act
subject: farm prices
subject: free-market policy
subject: rational-expectations storage model
subject: revenue

description: A dynamic, three-commodity rational-expectations storage model is used to compare the impact of the Federal Agricultural Improvement and Reform (FAIR) Act of 1996 with a freemarket policy and with the agricultural policies that preceded the FAIR Act. Results support the hypothesis that the changes made when FAIR was enacted did not lead to permanent significant increases in the volatility of farm prices or revenues. An important finding is that the main economic impacts of the Pre-FAIR scenario, relative to the free-market regime were to transfer income to farmers and to substitute government storage for private storage in a way that did little to support prices or to stabilize farm incomes.
Guided Fine-Tuning for Large-Scale Material Transfer
Creators: name: Deschaintre, Valentin
name: Drettakis, George
name: Bousseau, Adrien
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Graphics (cs.GR)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present a method to transfer the appearance of one or a few exemplar SVBRDFs to a target image representing similar materials. Our solution is extremely simple: we fine-tune a deep appearance-capture network on the provided exemplars, such that it learns to extract similar SVBRDF values from the target image. We introduce two novel material capture and design workflows that demonstrate the strength of this simple approach. Our first workflow allows to produce plausible SVBRDFs of large-scale objects from only a few pictures. Specifically, users only need take a single picture of a large surface and a few close-up flash pictures of some of its details. We use existing methods to extract SVBRDF parameters from the close-ups, and our method to transfer these parameters to the entire surface, enabling the lightweight capture of surfaces several meters wide such as murals, floors and furniture. In our second workflow, we provide a powerful way for users to create large SVBRDFs from internet pictures by transferring the appearance of existing, pre-designed SVBRDFs. By selecting different exemplars, users can control the materials assigned to the target image, greatly enhancing the creative possibilities offered by deep appearance capture.
description: Published in Computer Graphics Forum, 39(4); Proceedings of the Eurographics Symposium on Rendering 2020
Cosmic Backgrounds from Miniquasars
Creators: name: Salvaterra, R.
name: Haardt, F.
name: Ferrara, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A large population of Intermediate Mass Black Holes (IMBHs) might be produced at early cosmic times as a left over of the evolution of the very massive first stars. Accretion onto IMBHs provides a source of (re)ionizing radiation. We show that the baryon mass fraction locked into IMBHs and their growth is strongly constrained by the observed residual Soft X-ray Background (SXRB) intensity. Thus, unless they are extremely X-ray quiet, miniquasars must be quite rare and/or have a short shining phase. As a byproduct, we find that miniquasars can not be the only source of reionization and that their alleged contribution to the near infrared bands is completely negligible.
description: 5 pages, 3 figures, MNRAS in press
Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the easy-plane metallic antiferromagnet Fe$_2$As
Creators: name: Yang, Kexin
name: Kang, Kisung
name: Diao, Zhu
name: Karigerasi, Manohar H.
name: Shoemaker, Daniel P.
name: Schleife, André
name: Cahill, David G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetocrystalline anisotropy is a fundamental property of magnetic materials that determines the dynamics of magnetic precession, the frequency of spin waves, the thermal stability of magnetic domains, and the efficiency of spintronic devices. We combine torque magnetometry and density functional theory calculations to determine the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the metallic antiferromagnet Fe$_2$As. Fe$_2$As has a tetragonal crystal structure with the Néel vector lying in the (001) plane. We report that the four-fold magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the (001)-plane of Fe$_2$As is extremely small, ${K_{22}} = - 150~{\rm{ J/}}{\rm{m}^{\rm{3}}}$ at T = 4 K, much smaller than perpendicular magnetic anisotropy of ferromagnetic structure widely used in spintronics device. ${K_{22}}$ is strongly temperature dependent and close to zero at T > 150 K. The anisotropy ${K_1}$ in the (010) plane is too large to be measured by torque magnetometry and we determine ${K_1} = -830~{\rm{ kJ/}}{\rm{m}^{\rm{3}}}$ using first-principles density functional theory. Our simulations show that the contribution to the anisotropy from classical magnetic dipole-dipole interactions is comparable to the contribution from spin-orbit coupling. The calculated four-fold anisotropy in the (001) plane ${K_{22}}$ ranges from $- 292~{\rm{ J/}}{\rm{m}^{\rm{3}}}$ to $280~{\rm{ J/}}{\rm{m}^{\rm{3}}}$, the same order of magnitude as the measured value. We use ${K_1}$ from theory to predict the frequency and polarization of the lowest frequency antiferromagnetic resonance mode and find that the mode is linearly polarized in the (001)-plane with $f = $ 670 GHz.
Historical Development and Applications of the EPIC and APEX Models
Creators: name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Williams, Jimmy R.
name: Benson, Verel W.
name: Izaurralde, R. Cesar
name: Hauck, Larry M.
name: Jones, C. Allan
name: Atwood, Jay D.
name: Kiniry, James R.
name: Flowers, Joan D.
name: Gassman, Philip W.
name: Williams, Jimmy R.
name: Benson, Verel W.
name: Izaurralde, R. Cesar
name: Hauck, Larry M.
name: Jones, C. Allan
name: Atwood, Jay D.
name: Kiniry, James R.
name: Flowers, Joan D.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: APEX
subject: carbon sequestration
subject: climate change
subject: EPIC
subject: modeling
subject: soil erosion
subject: water quality

description: The development of the field-scale Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model was initiated in 1981 to support assessments of soil erosion impacts on soil productivity for soil, climate, and cropping conditions representative of a broad spectrum of U.S. agricultural production regions. The first major application of EPIC was a national analysis performed in support of the 1985 Resources Conservation Act (RCA) assessment. The model has continuously evolved since that time and has been applied for a wide range of field, regional, and national studies both in the U.S. and in other countries. The range of EPIC applications has also expanded greatly over that time, including studies of (1) surface runoff and leaching estimates of nitrogen and phosphorus losses from fertilizer and manure applications, (2) leaching and runoff from simulated pesticide applications, (3) soil erosion losses from wind erosion, (4) climate change impacts on crop yield and erosion, and (5) soil carbon sequestration assessments. The EPIC acronym now stands for Erosion Policy Impact Climate, to reflect the greater diversity of problems to which the model is currently applied. The Agricultural Policy EXtender (APEX) model is essentially a multi-field version of EPIC that was developed in the late 1990s to address environmental problems associated with livestock and other agricultural production systems on a whole-farm or small watershed basis. The APEX model also continues to evolve and to be utilized for a wide variety of environmental assessments. The historical development for both models will be presented, as well as example applications on several different scales.
Additional file 1 of Prevalence and correlates of disability in older adults, Ghana: evidence from the Ghana 2021 Population and Housing Census
Creators: name: Agyekum, Martin Wiredu
name: Afrifa-Anane, Grace Frempong
name: Kyei-Arthur, Frank
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Biotechnology
subject: Geology
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology
subject: Cancer
subject: Science Policy
subject: Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Globular Clusters as a Test for Gravity in the Weak Acceleration Regime
Creators: name: Scarpa, Riccardo
name: Marconi, Gianni
name: Gilmozzi, Roberto
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Non-baryonic Dark Matter (DM) appears in galaxies and other cosmic structures when and only when the acceleration of gravity, as computed considering only baryons, goes below a well defined value a0=1.2e-8 cm/s/s. This might indicate a breakdown of Newton's law of gravity (or inertia) below a0, an acceleration smaller than the smallest probed in the solar system. It is therefore important to verify whether Newton's law of gravity holds in this regime of accelerations. In order to do this, one has to study the dynamics of objects that do not contain significant amounts of DM and therefore should follow Newton's prediction for whatever small accelerations. Globular clusters are believed, even by strong supporters of DM, to contain negligible amounts of DM and therefore are ideal for testing Newtonian dynamics in the low acceleration limit. Here, we discuss the status of an ongoing program aimed to do this test. Compared to other studies of globular clsuters, the novelty is that we trace the velocity dispersion profile of globular clusters far enough from the center to probe gravitational accelerations well below a0. In all three clusters studied so far the velocity dispersion is found to remain constant at large radii rather than follow the Keplerian falloff. On average, the flattening occurs at the radius where the cluster internal acceleration of gravity is 1.8+-0.4 x 10^{-8} cm/s/s, fully consistent with MOND predictions.
description: Comments: To Appear in the proceeding of the "First crisis in cosmology" conference, published in the American Institute of Physiscs' proceedings series, Vol. 822. (includes 3 pages and 1 fig)
Controlled Fabrication of Nanogaps in Ambient Environment for Molecular Electronics
Creators: name: Strachan, D. R.
name: Smith, D. E.
name: Johnston, D. E.
name: Park, T. -H.
name: Therien, M. J.
name: Bonnell, D. A.
name: Johnson, A. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Other Condensed Matter (cond-mat.other)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed a controlled and highly reproducible method of making nanometer-spaced electrodes using electromigration in ambient lab conditions. This advance will make feasible single molecule measurements of macromolecules with tertiary and quaternary structures that do not survive the liquid-helium temperatures at which electromigration is typically performed. A second advance is that it yields gaps of desired tunnelling resistance, as opposed to the random formation at liquid-helium temperatures. Nanogap formation occurs through three regimes: First it evolves through a bulk-neck regime where electromigration is triggered at constant temperature, then to a few-atom regime characterized by conductance quantum plateaus and jumps, and finally to a tunnelling regime across the nanogap once the conductance falls below the conductance quantum.
description: 3 pages
Origin of Suppression of Proximity Induced Superconductivity in Bi/Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ Heterostructure
Creators: name: Kundu, Asish K.
name: Wu, Ze-Bin
name: Drozdov, I. K.
name: Gu, G. D.
name: Valla, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Mixing of topological states with superconductivity could result in topological superconductivity with the elusive Majorana fermions potentially applicable in fault-tolerant quantum computing. One possible candidate considered for realization of topological superconductivity is thin bismuth films on Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+δ}$ (Bi2212). Here, we present angle-resolved and core-level photoemission spectroscopy studies of thin Bi films grown {\it in-situ} on as-grown Bi2212 that show the absence of proximity effect. We find that the electron transfer from the film to the substrate and the resulting severe underdoping of Bi2212 at the interface is a likely origin for the absence of proximity effect. We also propose a possible way of preventing a total loss of proximity effect in this system. Our results offer a better and more universal understanding of the film/cuprate interface and resolve many issues related to the proximity effect.
description: 6 pages, 4 figures
Staggered Lattice Artifacts in 3-Flavor Heavy Baryon Chiral Perturbation Theory
Creators: name: Bailey, Jon A.
name: Bernard, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Motivated by simulation results for octet and decuplet baryon masses using 2+1 flavors of light staggered quarks, we are incorporating staggered lattice artifacts into heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory, calculating the masses of various staggered baryons, and studying the connection between the staggered baryons of the chiral theory and the staggered baryons of simulations. We present order (m_q)^(3/2) loop contributions to the masses of several staggered nucleons and discuss interpolating fields that create these states.
description: presented at Lattice2005(Hadron Spectrum), Dublin, July 25-30, 2005, 6 pages, 2 figures, to appear in Proceedings of Science
At What Rate Do Farmers Substitute Manure For Commercial Fertilizers?
Creators: name: O'Donoghue, Erik J.
name: MacDonald, James M.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
name: O'Donoghue, Erik J.
name: MacDonald, James M.
name: Nehring, Richard F.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Farm Management

description: Water quality has implications for the health of our ecosystem and the welfare of our population. Agriculture is one of the major contributors of non-point source pollution that contaminates our nation's water supplies. Understanding how farmers substitute manure for commercial fertilizers allows us to better understand the level of nitrogen that enters the soil and can seep into our waterways. In this paper, we explore the factors that help determine farmers' substitution rates between the two types of fertilizers. Location, crop type, and time all could play important roles. We analyze USDA farm level survey data for both crop and livestock farms covering the years 1996 to 2002 to create substitution rate estimates used on corn, soybean, and wheat fields. While the substitution rates we found did not appear to change over the time frame examined, we did find that crop type and location significantly affected the rates that farmers use. Additionally, and perhaps most importantly, the substitution rates we did find did not conform to the "perfect substitution" between N coming from commercial sources and manure used in much of the literature. This means that previous studies could have underestimated the potential level of pollution of our water by our nations' farms.
Magnetoelectric effect arising from a field-induced pseudo Jahn-Teller distortion in a rare earth magnet
Creators: name: Lee, Minseong
name: Chen, Q.
name: Choi, Eun Sang
name: Huang, Q.
name: Wang, Zhe
name: Ling, Langsheng
name: Qu, Zhe
name: Wang, G. H.
name: Ma, J.
name: Aczel, A. A.
name: Zhou, H. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Magnetoelectric materials are attractive for several applications, including actuators, switches, and magnetic field sensors. Typical mechanisms for achieving a strong magnetoelectric coupling are rooted in transition metal magnetism. In sharp contrast, here we identify CsEr(MoO4)2 as a magnetoelectric material without magnetic transition metal ions, thus ensuring that the Er ions play a key role in achieving this interesting property. Our detailed study includes measurements of the structural, magnetic, and electric properties of this material. Bulk characterization and neutron powder diffraction show no evidence for structural phase transitions down to 0.3 K and therefore CsEr(MoO4)2 maintains the room temperature P2/c space group over a wide temperature range without external magnetic field. These same measurements also identify collinear antiferromagnetic ordering of the Er3+ moments below TN = 0.87 K. Complementary dielectric constant and pyroelectric current measurements reveal that a ferroelectric phase (P ~ 0.5 nC/cm2) emerges when applying a modest external magnetic field, which indicates that this material has a strong magnetoelectric coupling. We argue that the magnetoelectric coupling in this system arises from a pseudo Jahn-Teller distortion induced by the magnetic field.
description: 9 pages, 8 figures, under revision for resubmission
Gauge-invariant perturbation theory for trans-Planckian inflation
Creators: name: Shankaranarayanan, S.
name: Lubo, Musongela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The possibility that the scale-invariant inflationary spectrum may be modified due to the hidden assumptions about the Planck scale physics -- dubbed as trans-Planckian inflation -- has received considerable attention. To mimic the possible trans-Planckian effects, among various models, modified dispersion relations have been popular in the literature. In almost all the earlier analyzes, unlike the canonical scalar field driven inflation, the trans-Planckian effects are introduced to the scalar/tensor perturbation equations in an ad hoc manner -- without calculating the stress-tensor of the cosmological perturbations from the covariant Lagrangian. In this work, we perform the gauge-invariant cosmological perturbations for the single-scalar field inflation with the Jacobson-Corley dispersion relation by computing the fluctuations of all the fields including the unit time-like vector field which defines a preferred rest frame. We show that: (i) The non-linear effects introduce corrections only to the perturbed energy density. The corrections to the energy density vanish in the super-Hubble scales. (ii) The scalar perturbations, in general, are not purely adiabatic. (iii) The equation of motion of the Mukhanov-Sasaki variable corresponding to the inflaton field is different than those presumed in the earlier analyzes. (iv) The tensor perturbation equation remains unchanged. We perform the classical analysis for the resultant system of equations and also compute the power-spectrum of the scalar perturbations in a particular limit. We discuss the implications of our results and compare with the earlier results.
description: 19 Pages, Revtex4; V2 Final version, To appear in Phys. Rev. D., 1 figure and references added
Okumenische Beiträge zum 60. Geburtstag von Edmund Schlink
Creators: name: Wendland, Heinz-Dietrich
name: Krüger, Hanfried
Publisher: name: Ökumenische Rundschau
Year: 2025

description: Ökumenische Rundschau, Bd. 12 Nr. 2 (1963): Ökumenische Rundschau, Band 12, Heft 2
Additional file 1 of Formative research to adapt the ‘Diabetes Prevention Program- Power to Prevent’ for implementation in Bamako, Mali
Creators: name: Doumbia, Lancina
name: Findley, Sally
name: Ba, Hamidou Oumar
name: Maiga, Bonkana
name: Ba, Aissata
name: Béréthé, Rokiatou Koné
name: Sangaré, Hadja Madjè
name: Kachur, S Patrick
name: Besançon, Stéphane
name: Doumbia, Seydou
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Medicine
subject: Science Policy
subject: Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Supplementary Material 1
Precipitation fouling of heat exchangers by magnesium (calcium) silicates
Creators: name: Gavril, Marcela
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2009

description: Fouling due to deposition of inverse solubility salts in cooling water systems is one of the major problems in chemical process industries. Deposition of calcium silicates as well as magnesium silicates can be a problem; however, literature information on both solubility data and fouling results for silicate containing cooling waters is sparse. In this work the effects of varying pH, concentrations of silicate and liquid velocity on the fouling process were investigated for both calcium and magnesium salts. Experiments were carried out with aqueous solutions containing either calcium or magnesium chloride and sodium silicate re-circulated at a bulk temperature of 25°C through a steam heated exchanger for periods up to 24 hours. The steam temperature was raised from about 106°C during fouling to maintain a constant heat flux. Magnesium (or calcium) was maintained in excess, with silicate concentrations in the range of 33 to 130 ppm as SiO32-. Over the range of conditions tested extent of fouling was low, and results were subject to considerable scatter. In the first set of experiments the velocity, heat flux, and concentration of reactants were kept relatively constant. The pH of the artificial cooling water was varied . For calcium solutions results after 6 hours of operation were scattered, with Rf values of 0.1 m²K/kW at pH 9 and 10.8 and much lower values at pH 11. For magnesium solutions the extent of fouling increased steadily with pH over the range 7-9, over 24 hour runs. Trends with pH are compared with results from previous literature. Experiments were carried out to study the effect of silicate concentration on the fouling process, both at constant magnesium concentration and at constant SiO3/Mg mol ratio. With velocity, pH and heat flux kept relatively constant, the silicate concentration was varied . The extent of fouling was found to increase with the silicate concentration over the range 33 to 130 ppm SiO3, irrespective of the magnesium concentration. The final set of experiments was carried out in order to determine the effect of velocity on the fouling rate. The rate of fouling appeared to go through a maximum with increasing velocity; however, additional experimentation is required to confirm this effect. Partial deposit analyses at pH from 8 to 9 indicated an SiO2/MgO mass ratio of 1.4±0.2, compared to 1.5 expected for pure MgSiO3. Deposits were a sticky yellow-brown solid, often with a mud-like consistency. Results are compared with literature guidelines for pH, magnesium and silicate concentrations to minimize fouling.
On locally homogeneous pseudo-Riemannian compact einstein manifolds
Creators: name: Bochenski, Maciej
name: Tralle, Aleksy
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Differential Geometry (math.DG)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 53C25, 53C30, 53C50, 53C80

description: We ask a general question: what are locally homogeneous compact pseudo-Riemannian Einstein manifolds? We show that any standard compact Clifford-Klein form of a simple non-compact Lie group admits at least one Einstein metric. We conjecture that these are basically the only possible locally homogeneous Einstein pseudo-Riemannian compact manifolds using T. Kobayashi's conjecture as a guiding principle.
description: To appear in Journal of Geometry and Physics
Modifications to the Properties of the Higgs Boson
Creators: name: Manohar, Aneesh V.
name: Wise, Mark B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2006
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We explore the impact of new SU(3)XSU(2)XU(1) invariant interactions characterized by a scale of order a TeV on Higgs boson properties. The Higgs production rate and branching ratios can be very different from their standard model values. We also discuss the possibility that these new interactions contribute to acceptable unification of the gauge couplings.
description: Minor typos fixed. 8 pages, 5 figures
INFORMATION SECURITY: FROM ANCIENT AGE TO INTERNET OF THINGS
Creators: name: REYSON LIZARDO
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 80303 Computer System Security
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: With the invention of writing, the ancient civilizations found the need to protect valuable information not to fall into the wrong hands, either to ensure success in war or trade. The computer era brought the need of more sophisticated mechanisms for the protection of these information now sheltered in electronic means and with the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution and the Internet of Things (IoT), the volume of data traveling through cyberspace has increased risks and vulnerabilities by what Cybersecurity has emerged as an aspect, not only desirable or healthy, but as essential to build the Information Society.
Tariff Equivalent of Technical Barriers to Trade with Imperfect Substitution and Trade Costs
Creators: name: Yue, Chengyan
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
name: Yue, Chengyan
name: Beghin, John C.
name: Jensen, Helen H.
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: International Relations/Trade

description: The price-wedge method yields a tariff-equivalent estimate of technical barriers to trade (TBT). An extension of this method accounts for imperfect substitution between domestic and imported goods and incorporates recent findings on trade costs. We explore the sensitivity of this revamped tariff equivalent estimate to its determinants (substitution elasticity, preference for home good, trade cost, and to the reference data chosen). We use the approach to investigate the ongoing U.S.-Japan apple trade dispute and find that removing the Japanese TBT would yield limited export gains to the United States. We then draw policy implications of our findings.
Calculating $B_K$ using a mixed action
Creators: name: Kim, Jongjeong
name: Bae, Taegil
name: Lee, Weonjong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present preliminary results of $B_K$ calculated using improved staggered fermions with the mixed action (valence quarks = HYP staggered fermions and sea quarks = AsqTad staggered fermions). We analyze the data based upon the prediction by Van de Water and Sharpe. A hint of consistency with the prediction is observed. We also present preliminary results of $B_8^{(3/2)}$ and $B_7^{(3/2)}$.
description: 6 pages, 7 figures, lattice 2005 proceeding, references are updated
Additional file 1 of “A bit lost”—Living with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in the transition between adolescence and adulthood: an exploratory qualitative study
Creators: name: Rasmussen, Inger Lise
name: Schei, Jorun
name: Ørjasæter, Kristin B.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: Medicine
Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
Science Policy
Mental Health

description: Supplementary Material 1
Pricing Weather Insurance with a Random Strike Price: An Application to the Ontario Ice Wine Harvest
Creators: name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Weersink, Alfons
name: Turvey, Calum G.
name: Weersink, Alfons
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Risk and Uncertainty

description: Interest is growing in weather insurance within the agricultural sector but its use has been limited by the difficulty in defining the appropriate weather event and the lack of agreement on how to price the product. In this paper we develop a new insurance pricing method for weather insurance under situations where volume returns depend not only on the occurrence of the weather event, but also its timing. The method is applied to the pricing of weather insurance for ice wine in the Niagara Peninsula of southern Ontario. Because the harvest quantity of grapes for ice wine degrades over time, the strike value on the weather event measured as harvestable hours is random. This random strike, we developed a systematic approach to valuing the insurance using first, the single index model to capture inter-temporal covariance effects, and then a Monte Carlo simulation protocol to estimate the premium. While this study investigated a model unique to ice wine production in particular, the ideas can be extended to a number of other agricultural situations in which weather affects critical timing in the production process.
A new approximation method for time-dependent problems in quantum mechanics
Creators: name: Amore, Paolo
name: Aranda, Alfredo
name: Fernandez, Francisco M.
name: Jones, Hugh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose an approximate solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation using the method of stationary states combined with a variational matrix method for finding the energies and eigenstates. We illustrate the effectiveness of the method by applying it to the time development of the wave-function in the quantum-mechanical version of the inflationary slow-roll transition.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, accepted on Physics Letters A
Magnetization around mix jets entering inertial confinement fusion fuel
Creators: name: Sadler, James D.
name: Li, Hui
name: Haines, Brian M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Engineering features are known to cause jets of ablator material to enter the fuel hot-spot in inertial confinement fusion implosions. The Biermann battery mechanism wraps them in self-generated magnetic field. We show that higher-Z jets have an additional thermoelectric magnetic source term that is not present for hydrogen jets, verified here through a kinetic simulation. It has similar magnitude to the Biermann term. We then include this in an extended magneto-hydrodynamics approach to post-process an xRAGE radiation-hydrodynamic implosion simulation. The simulation includes an accurate model for the capsule fill tube, producing a dense carbon jet that becomes wrapped in a 4000T magnetic field. A simple spherical carbon mix model shows that this insulates the electron heat conduction enough to cause contraction of the jet to an optically thick equilibrium. The denser magnetized jet hydrodynamics could change its core penetration and therefore the final mix mass, which is known to be well correlated with fusion yield degradation. Fully exploring this will require self-consistent magneto-hydrodynamic simulations. Experimental signatures of this self-magnetization may emerge in the high energy neutron spectrum.
description: Accepted in Physics of Plasmas
Growers' Perspective on Attracting Migrant Labor and Migrants' Workplace Choice in Michigan
Creators: name: Miklavcic, Pamela R.
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Bitsch, Vera
name: Miklavcic, Pamela R.
name: Bernsten, Richard H.
name: Bitsch, Vera
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2005
Subjects: Labor and Human Capital

description: This study was conducted to analyze Michigan's migrant farm labor situation. Data were collected from growers and migrants. Growers reported wages, housing, and perquisites as tools they use to attract migrants. Migrants reported housing, wages, grower honesty, and respectful treatment of workers to be key factors in choosing a workplace.