cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Electronic temperatures, densities and plasma X-ray emission of a 14.5 GHz Electron-Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source
Creators: name: Gumberidze, Alexander
name: Trassinelli, Martino
name: Adrouche, Nacer
name: Szabo, C.
name: Indelicato, Paul
name: Haranger, F.
name: Isac, Jean-Michel
name: Lamour, Emily
name: Bigot, Eric-Olivier Le
name: Merot, Jacques
name: Prigent, Christophe
name: Rozet, Jean-Pierre
name: Vernhet, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have performed a systematic study of the Bremsstrahlung emission from the electrons in the plasma of a commercial 14.5 GHz Electron-Cyclotron Resonance Ion Source. The electronic spectral temperature and the product of ionic and electronic densities of the plasma are measured by analyzing the Bremsstrahlung spectra recorded for several rare gases (Ar, Kr, Xe) as a function of the injected power. Within our uncertainty, we find an average temperature of ? 48 keV above 100W, with a weak dependency on the injected power and gas composition. Charge state distributions of extracted ion beams have been determined as well, providing a way to disentangle the ionic density from the electronic density. Moreover X-ray emission from highly charged argon ions in the plasma has been observed with a high-resolution mosaic crystal spectrometer, demonstrating the feasibility for high-precision measurements of transition energies of highly charged ions, in particular of the magnetic dipole (M1) transition of He-like of argon ions.
Gapless Symmetry Protected Topological Order
Creators: name: Scaffidi, Thomas
name: Parker, Daniel E.
name: Vasseur, Romain
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce exactly solvable gapless quantum systems in $d$ dimensions that support symmetry protected topological (SPT) edge modes. Our construction leads to long-range entangled, critical points or phases that can be interpreted as critical condensates of domain walls "decorated" with dimension $(d-1)$ SPT systems. Using a combination of field theory and exact lattice results, we argue that such gapless SPT systems have symmetry-protected topological edge modes that can be either gapless or symmetry-broken, leading to unusual surface critical properties. Despite the absence of a bulk gap, these edge modes are robust against arbitrary symmetry-preserving local perturbations near the edges. In two dimensions, we construct wavefunctions that can also be interpreted as unusual quantum critical points with diffusive scaling in the bulk but ballistic edge dynamics.
description: 16 pages, 8 figures. v2: published version
Mesh-to-raster based non-rigid registration of multi-modal images
Creators: name: Tatano, Rosalia
name: Berkels, Benjamin
name: Deserno, Thomas M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Region of interest (ROI) alignment in medical images plays a crucial role in diagnostics, procedure planning, treatment, and follow-up. Frequently, a model is represented as triangulated mesh while the patient data is provided from CAT scanners as pixel or voxel data. Previously, we presented a 2D method for curve-to-pixel registration. This paper contributes (i) a general mesh-to-raster (M2R) framework to register ROIs in multi-modal images; (ii) a 3D surface-to-voxel application, and (iii) a comprehensive quantitative evaluation in 2D using ground truth provided by the simultaneous truth and performance level estimation (STAPLE) method. The registration is formulated as a minimization problem where the objective consists of a data term, which involves the signed distance function of the ROI from the reference image, and a higher order elastic regularizer for the deformation. The evaluation is based on quantitative light-induced fluoroscopy (QLF) and digital photography (DP) of decalcified teeth. STAPLE is computed on 150 image pairs from 32 subjects, each showing one corresponding tooth in both modalities. The ROI in each image is manually marked by three experts (900 curves in total). In the QLF-DP setting, our approach significantly outperforms the mutual information-based registration algorithm implemented with the Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) and Elastix.
Imaging Pauli repulsion in scanning tunneling microscopy
Creators: name: Weiss, C.
name: Wagner, C.
name: Kleimann, C.
name: Rohlfing, M.
name: Tautz, F. S.
name: Temirov, R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been equipped with a nanoscale force sensor and signal transducer composed of a single D2 molecule that is confined in the STM junction. The uncalibrated sensor is used to obtain ultra-high geometric image resolution of a complex organic molecule adsorbed on a noble metal surface. By means of conductance-distance spectroscopy and corresponding density functional calculations the mechanism of the sensor/transducer is identified. It probes the short-range Pauli repulsion and converts this signal into variations of the junction conductance.
description: 4 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Phys. Rev. Lett
Electrical transport through a mechanically gated molecular wire
Creators: name: Toher, C.
name: Temirov, R.
name: Greuling, A.
name: Pump, F.
name: Kaczmarski, M.
name: Rohlfing, M.
name: Cuniberti, G.
name: Tautz, F. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A surface-adsorbed molecule is contacted with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) at a pre-defined atom. On tip retraction, the molecule is peeled off the surface. During this experiment, a two-dimensional differential conductance map is measured on the plane spanned by the bias voltage and the tip-surface distance. The conductance map demonstrates that tip retraction leads to mechanical gating of the molecular wire in the STM junction. The experiments are compared with a detailed ab initio simulation. We find that density functional theory (DFT) in the local density approximation (LDA) describes the tip-molecule contact formation and the geometry of the molecular junction throughout the peeling process with predictive power. However, a DFT-LDA-based transport simulation following the non-equilibrium Green's functions (NEGF) formalism fails to describe the behavior of the differential conductance as found in experiment. Further analysis reveals that this failure is due to the mean-field description of electron correlation in the local density approximation. The results presented here are expected to be of general validity and show that, for a wide range of common wire configurations, simulations which go beyond the mean-field level are required to accurately describe current conduction through molecules. Finally, the results of the present study illustrate that well-controlled experiments and concurrent ab initio transport simulations that systematically sample a large configuration space of molecule-electrode couplings allow the unambiguous identification of correlation signatures in experiment.
description: 31 pages, 10 figures
Category theoretic analysis of hierarchical protein materials and social networks
Creators: name: Spivak, David I.
name: Giesa, Tristan
name: Wood, Elizabeth
name: Buehler, Markus J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Category Theory (math.CT)
subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: Molecular Networks (q-bio.MN)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 00A69, 18A99

description: Materials in biology span all the scales from Angstroms to meters and typically consist of complex hierarchical assemblies of simple building blocks. Here we describe an application of category theory to describe structural and resulting functional properties of biological protein materials by developing so-called ologs. An olog is like a "concept web" or "semantic network" except that it follows a rigorous mathematical formulation based on category theory. This key difference ensures that an olog is unambiguous, highly adaptable to evolution and change, and suitable for sharing concepts with other olog. We consider simple cases of alpha-helical and amyloid-like protein filaments subjected to axial extension and develop an olog representation of their structural and resulting mechanical properties. We also construct a representation of a social network in which people send text-messages to their nearest neighbors and act as a team to perform a task. We show that the olog for the protein and the olog for the social network feature identical category-theoretic representations, and we proceed to precisely explicate the analogy or isomorphism between them. The examples presented here demonstrate that the intrinsic nature of a complex system, which in particular includes a precise relationship between structure and function at different hierarchical levels, can be effectively represented by an olog. This, in turn, allows for comparative studies between disparate materials or fields of application, and results in novel approaches to derive functionality in the design of de novo hierarchical systems. We discuss opportunities and challenges associated with the description of complex biological materials by using ologs as a powerful tool for analysis and design in the context of materiomics, and we present the potential impact of this approach for engineering, life sciences, and medicine.
description: 6 Figures, 3 Tables
Randomized Incremental Construction for the Hausdorff Voronoi Diagram of point clusters
Creators: name: Khramtcova, Elena
name: Papadopoulou, Evanthia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Computational Geometry (cs.CG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: This paper applies the randomized incremental construction (RIC) framework to computing the Hausdorff Voronoi diagram of a family of k clusters of points in the plane. The total number of points is n. The diagram is a generalization of Voronoi diagrams based on the Hausdorff distance function. The combinatorial complexity of the Hausdorff Voronoi diagram is O(n+m), where m is the total number of crossings between pairs of clusters. For non-crossing clusters (m=0), our algorithm works in expected O(n log n + k log n log k) time and deterministic O(n) space. For arbitrary clusters (m=O(n^2)), the algorithm runs in expected O((m+n log k) log n) time and O(m +n log k) space. When clusters cross, bisectors are disconnected curves resulting in disconnected Voronoi regions that challenge the incremental construction. This paper applies the RIC paradigm to a Voronoi diagram with disconnected regions and disconnected bisectors, for the first time.
description: 18 pages, 4 figures
Cosmology constrains gravitational four-fermion interaction
Creators: name: Khriplovich, I. B.
name: Rudenko, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If torsion exists, it generates gravitational four-fermion interaction (GFFI). This interaction gets dominating on the Planck scale. If one confines to the regular, axial-axial part of this interaction, the results do not comply with the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology for the spatial flat or closed Universe. In principle, the anomalous, vector-vector interaction could restore the agreement.
description: Axial-axial and vector-vector contributions have been recalculated: the AA contribution is 4 times larger than in previous calculations, the VV contribution is the same, the conclusions have not changed
Additional file 4 of mTORC1-mediated acquisition of reward-related representations by hippocampal somatostatin interneurons
Creators: name: Michon, François-Xavier
name: Laplante, Isabel
name: Bosson, Anthony
name: Robitaille, Richard
name: Lacaille, Jean-Claude
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine
classificationCode: 111714
subject: Mental Health

description: Additional file 4: Figure S4. Examples of reorganization of SOM-IN activity, activity correlation, and response type distribution during relearning in control and SOM-Rptor-KO mice. A Example of no reorganization of SOM-IN responses for a cell with "reward off transient" responses at both end of learning and end of relearning. For each session, top left is mean Ca2+ responses and speed as function of position for all trials in the session with reward zone indicated; bottom left is color-coded Ca2+ activity in each trial of the session; top right is place correlation matrix of all paired laps; and bottom right is distribution of r values, mean r versus r distribution obtained by shuffling position measures. B Similar representation of reorganization for a SOM-IN with "reward on sustained" response at end of learning and "non-modulated" response at end of relearning. C Similar representation of reorganization for a SOM-IN with "reward off transient" response at end of learning and "reward off sustained" response at end of relearning. D Similar representation of reorganization for a SOM-IN with a "non-modulated" response at end of learning and "reward on transient" response at end of relearning. E Mean speed correlation with activity for all SOM-INs showing no change during relearning in control and SOM-Rptor-KO mice. F Mean acceleration correlation with activity for all SOM-INs showing no change during relearning in control and SOM-Rptor-KO mice. G Mean deceleration correlation with activity for all SOM-INs showing a decrease during relearning in control but not SOM-Rptor-KO mice. H Cell response identity matrix for all cells in control mice and SOM-Rptor-KO mice during learning and relearning ordered by response type at end of learning, showing a gradual acquisition of a new activity related to reward during relearning in control but not SOM-Rptor-KO mice. I Distribution of cells with different response types at start, middle and end of learning and relearning for control mice and SOM-Rptor-KO mice, showing a decrease in number of modulated cells at start of relearning relative to end of learning, and an increase during relearning in control but not SOM-Rptor-KO mice. Details of statistical tests provided in Additional file 5: Table S1. * p < 0.05, ns not significant.
General BER Expression for One-Dimensional Constellations
Creators: name: Ivanov, Mikhail
name: Brännström, Fredrik
name: Alvarado, Alex
name: Agrell, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: A novel general ready-to-use bit-error rate (BER) expression for one-dimensional constellations is developed. The BER analysis is performed for bit patterns that form a labeling. The number of patterns for equally spaced M-PAM constellations with different BER is analyzed.
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the IEEE Global Communications Conference (GLOBECOM) 2012. Remark 3 modified
Phase Space Homogenization of Noisy Hamiltonian Systems
Creators: name: Birrell, Jeremiah
name: Wehr, Janek
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: 60H10, 82C31

description: We study the dynamics of an inertial particle coupled to forcing, dissipation, and noise in the small mass limit. We derive an expression for the limiting (homogenized) joint distribution of the position and (scaled) velocity degrees of freedom. In particular, weak convergence of the joint distributions is established, along with a bound on the convergence rate for a wide class of expected values.
description: 36 pages
Magnetic properties changes of MnAs thin films irradiated with highly charged ions
Creators: name: Trassinelli, Martino
name: Gafton, V.
name: Eddrief, M.
name: Etgens, V. H.
name: Hidki, S.
name: Lacaze, Emmanuelle
name: Lamour, Emily
name: Luo, X.
name: Marangolo, M.
name: Merot, Jacques
name: Prigent, Christophe
name: Reuschl, Regina
name: Rozet, Jean-Pierre
name: Steydli, S.
name: Vernhet, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the first investigation on the effect of highly charged ion bombardment on a manganese arsenide thin film. The MnAs films, 150 nm thick, are irradiated with 90 keV Ne$^{9+}$ ions with a dose varying from $1.6\times10^{12}$ to $1.6\times10^{15}$ ions/cm$^2$. The structural and magnetic properties of the film after irradiation are investigated using different techniques, namely, X-ray diffraction, magneto-optic Kerr effect and magnetic force microscope. Preliminary results are presented. From the study of the lattice spacing, we measure a change on the film structure that depends on the received dose, similarly to previous studies with other materials. Investigations on the surface show a strong modification of its magnetic properties.
Towards Bayesin Co-Design for Mission Specific Design of Dynamical Systems
Creators: name: Wauters, Jolan
name: Lefebvre, Tom
name: Crevecoeur, Guillaume
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022

description: Highly dynamical systems are an integral part of tomorrow’s society, ranging from robots, over floating wind turbines to drones. The conventional approach to the development of these systems relies on the V-diagram, in which we move from concept to product over an iterative loop of design, implementation and testing. Up until recently a sequential approach has been pursued during the design phase, where first the design is optimized statically after which its functionality is enhanced by optimizing its control trajectory. This impedes finding systems with concurrent optimal design and trajectory. To address this, co-design methods have appeared that do this simultaneously. Up until now, co-design has only been applied to low-fidelity models, that are cheap to evaluate but typically lack the ability to correctly represent reality and lead to many testing cycles. In this work we push model-based system design further, pursuing a ‘first time right’ paradigm, through the inclusion of high-fidelity models (such as for example computational fluid dynamics). To account for the computational cost of these models, we introduce Bayesian optimization, leading to Bayesian co-design. To validate the new methodology the model-based design of a drone was performed with the objective of performing inspection services for wind turbine parks. The technological progress that was realized does not restrict itself to drones, but is applicable to a broader scope of highly dynamical systems. As such it contributing to breaking through the current barriers of several fields to accelerate the transition towards a better future.
Controlling the Size of Autocorrelation Robust Tests
Creators: name: Pötscher, Benedikt M.
name: Preinerstorfer, David
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Statistics Theory (math.ST)
subject: Methodology (stat.ME)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: 62J05, 62E15, 62F03, 62G10

description: Autocorrelation robust tests are notorious for suffering from size distortions and power problems. We investigate under which conditions the size of autocorrelation robust tests can be controlled by an appropriate choice of critical value.
description: Minor changes including correction of a minor error
Gravitational four-fermion interaction and dynamics of the early Universe
Creators: name: Khriplovich, I. B.
name: Rudenko, A. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: If torsion exists, it generates gravitational four-fermion interaction (GFFI), essential on the Planck scale. We analyze the influence of this interaction on the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology. Explicit analytical solution is derived for the problem where both the energy-momentum tensor generated by GFFI and the common ultrarelativistic energy-momentum tensor are included. We demonstrate that gravitational four-fermion interaction does not result in Big Bounce.
description: Axial-axial and vector-vector contributions have been recalculated: the AA contribution is 4 times larger than in previous calculations, the VV contribution is the same, the conclusions have not changed. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1210.7306
Simulating Galaxy Formation with the IllustrisTNG Model
Creators: name: Pillepich, Annalisa
name: Springel, Volker
name: Nelson, Dylan
name: Genel, Shy
name: Naiman, Jill
name: Pakmor, Ruediger
name: Hernquist, Lars
name: Torrey, Paul
name: Vogelsberger, Mark
name: Weinberger, Rainer
name: Marinacci, Federico
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce an updated physical model to simulate the formation and evolution of galaxies in cosmological, large-scale gravity+magnetohydrodynamical simulations with the moving mesh code AREPO. The overall framework builds upon the successes of the Illustris galaxy formation model, and includes prescriptions for star formation, stellar evolution, chemical enrichment, primordial and metal-line cooling of the gas, stellar feedback with galactic outflows, and black hole formation, growth and multi-mode feedback. In this paper we give a comprehensive description of the physical and numerical advances which form the core of the IllustrisTNG (The Next Generation) framework. We focus on the revised implementation of the galactic winds, of which we modify the directionality, velocity, thermal content, and energy scalings, and explore its effects on the galaxy population. As described in earlier works, the model also includes a new black hole driven kinetic feedback at low accretion rates, magnetohydrodynamics, and improvements to the numerical scheme. Using a suite of (25 Mpc $h^{-1}$)$^3$ cosmological boxes we assess the outcome of the new model at our fiducial resolution. The presence of a self-consistently amplified magnetic field is shown to have an important impact on the stellar content of $10^{12} M_{\rm sun}$ haloes and above. Finally, we demonstrate that the new galactic winds promise to solve key problems identified in Illustris in matching observational constraints and affecting the stellar content and sizes of the low mass end of the galaxy population.
description: 31 pages, 16 figures; published in MNRAS (Figs. 6 and 7 revised + additional minor changes to match accepted version)
No universal group in a cardinal
Creators: name: Shelah, Saharon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 03C55, 20A15, 03C45, 03E04

description: For many classes of models, there are universal members in any cardinal $λ$ which "essentially satisfies GCH", i.e. $λ= 2^{< λ}$, in particular for the class of a complete first order $T$ (well, if at least $λ> |T|$). But if the class is "complicated enough", e.g. the class of linear orders, we know that if $λ$ is "regular and not so close to satisfying GCH" then there is no universal member. Here we find new sufficient conditions (which we call the olive property), not covered by earlier cases (i.e. fail the so-called SOP$_4$). The advantage of those conditions is witnessed by proving that the class of groups satisfies one of those conditions.
description: This version has minor changes compared to the earlier one
Deep learning in color: towards automated quark/gluon jet discrimination
Creators: name: Komiske, Patrick T.
name: Metodiev, Eric M.
name: Schwartz, Matthew D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Artificial intelligence offers the potential to automate challenging data-processing tasks in collider physics. To establish its prospects, we explore to what extent deep learning with convolutional neural networks can discriminate quark and gluon jets better than observables designed by physicists. Our approach builds upon the paradigm that a jet can be treated as an image, with intensity given by the local calorimeter deposits. We supplement this construction by adding color to the images, with red, green and blue intensities given by the transverse momentum in charged particles, transverse momentum in neutral particles, and pixel-level charged particle counts. Overall, the deep networks match or outperform traditional jet variables. We also find that, while various simulations produce different quark and gluon jets, the neural networks are surprisingly insensitive to these differences, similar to traditional observables. This suggests that the networks can extract robust physical information from imperfect simulations.
description: 23 pages, 9 figures, updated to JHEP version, added table of contents, minor typos fixed
Analysis of Long Lived Particle Decays with the MATHUSLA Detector
Creators: name: Curtin, David
name: Peskin, Michael E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The MATHUSLA detector is a simple large-volume tracking detector to be located on the surface above one of the general-purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. This detector was proposed in [1] to detect exotic, neutral, long-lived particles that might be produced in high-energy proton-proton collisions. In this paper, we consider the use of the limited information that MATHUSLA would provide on the decay products of the long-lived particle. For the case in which the long-lived particle is pair-produced in Higgs boson decays, we show that it is possible to measure the mass of this particle and determine the dominant decay mode with less than 100 observed events. We discuss the ability of MATHUSLA to distinguish the production mode of the long-lived particle and to determine its mass and spin in more general cases.
description: 16 pages + references, 9 figures; v2 has a new appendix with further analysis of LLP decays to 2 jets; in v3 MATHUSLA is spelled correctly
Additional file 1 of Biocultural mapping: unpacking the myth of an unsuitable Country in the arid zone, Willandra Lakes Region World Heritage Area, Australia
Creators: name: Thomas, Katherine
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 59999
subject: Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Ecology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
classificationCode: 20199
subject: Astronomical and Space Sciences not elsewhere classified

description: Additional file 1: Table S1. Hydrology. Table S2. Vegetation. Table S3. Geomorphology, geology, and land systems. Table S4. Archaeological record.
Suppression of the thermal hysteresis in magnetocaloric MnAs thin film by highly charged ion bombardment
Creators: name: Trassinelli, Martino
name: Marangolo, Massimiliano
name: Eddrief, M.
name: Etgens, V. H.
name: Gafton, V.
name: Hidki, S.
name: Lacaze, Emmanuelle
name: Lamour, Emily
name: Prigent, Christophe
name: Rozet, Jean-Pierre
name: Steydli, S.
name: Zheng, Y.
name: Vernhet, Dominique
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the investigation on the modifications of structural and magnetic properties of MnAs thin film epitaxially grown on GaAs induced by slow highly charged ions bombardment under well-controlled conditions. The ion-induced defects facilitate the nucleation of one phase with respect to the other in the first-order magneto-structural MnAs transition with a consequent suppression of thermal hysteresis without any significant perturbation on the other structural and magnetic properties. In particular, the irradiated film keeps the giant magnetocaloric effect at room temperature opening new perspective on magnetic refrigeration technology for everyday use.
Terminated and Tailbiting Spatially-Coupled Codes with Optimized Bit Mappings for Spectrally Efficient Fiber-Optical Systems
Creators: name: Häger, Christian
name: Amat, Alexandre Graell i
name: Brännström, Fredrik
name: Alvarado, Alex
name: Agrell, Erik
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the design of spectrally efficient fiber-optical communication systems based on different spatially coupled (SC) forward error correction (FEC) schemes. In particular, we optimize the allocation of the coded bits from the FEC encoder to the modulation bits of the signal constellation. Two SC code classes are considered. The codes in the first class are protograph-based low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes which are decoded using iterative soft-decision decoding. The codes in the second class are generalized LDPC codes which are decoded using iterative hard-decision decoding. For both code classes, the bit allocation is optimized for the terminated and tailbiting SC cases based on a density evolution analysis. An optimized bit allocation can significantly improve the performance of tailbiting SC codes codes over the baseline sequential allocation, up to the point where they have a comparable gap to capacity as their terminated counterparts, at a lower FEC overhead. For the considered terminated SC codes, the optimization only results in marginal performance improvements, suggesting that in this case a sequential allocation is close to optimal.
description: This paper has been accepted for publication in the IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology
Energy cost and optimisation in breath-hold diving
Creators: name: Trassinelli, Martino
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: Biological Physics (physics.bio-ph)
subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new model for calculating locomotion costs in breath-hold divers. Starting from basic mechanics principles, we calculate the work that the diver must provide through propulsion to counterbalance the action of drag, the buoyant force and weight during immersion. Compared to those in previous studies, the model presented here accurately analyses breath-hold divers which alternate active swimming with prolonged glides during the dive (as is the case in mammals). The energy cost of the dive is strongly dependent on these prolonged gliding phases. Here we investigate the length and impacts on energy cost of these glides with respect to the diver characteristics, and compare them with those observed in different breath-hold diving species. Taking into account the basal metabolic rate and chemical energy to propulsion transformation efficiency, we calculate optimal swim velocity and the corresponding total energy cost (including metabolic rate) and compare them with observations. Energy cost is minimised when the diver passes through neutral buoyancy conditions during the dive. This generally implies the presence of prolonged gliding phases in both ascent and descent, where the buoyancy (varying with depth) is best used against the drag, reducing energy cost. This is in agreement with past results (Miller et al., 2012; Sato et al., 2013) where, when the buoyant force is considered constant during the dive, the energy cost was minimised for neutral buoyancy. In particular, our model confirms the good physical adaption of dolphins for diving, compared to other breath-hold diving species which are mostly positively buoyant (penguins for example). The presence of prolonged glides implies a non-trivial dependency of optimal speed on maximal depth of the dive. This extends previous findings (Sato et al., 2010; Watanabe et al., 2011) which found no dependency of optimal speed on dive depth for particular conditions. The energy cost of the dive can be further diminished by reducing the volume of gas-filled body parts in divers close to neutral buoyancy. This provides a possible additional explanation for the observed exhalation of air before diving in phocid seals to minimise dive energy cost. Until now the only explanation for this phenomenon has been a reduction in the risk of decompression sickness.
Hints on the origin of the thermal hysteresis suppression in giant magnetocaloric thin films irradiatied with highly charged ions
Creators: name: Cervera, S
name: Trassinelli, M
name: Marangolo, M
name: Carlsson, L. Bernard
name: Eddrief, M
name: Etgens, Victor H.
name: Gafton, V
name: Hidki, S
name: Lamour, E
name: Lévy, A
name: Macé, S
name: Prigent, C
name: Rozet, J. -P
name: Steydli, S
name: Zheng, Y
name: Vernhet, D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In a recent experiment we demonstrated the possibility to suppress the thermal hysteresis of the phase transition in giant magnetocaloric MnAs thin film by interaction with slow highly charged ions (Ne 9+ at 90 keV) [1]. This phenomenon has a major impact for possible applications in magnetic refrigeration and thus its reproducibility and robustness are of prime importance. Here we present some new investigations about the origin and the nature of the irradiation-induced defects responsible for the thermal hysteresis suppression. Considering in particular two samples that receive different ion fluences (two order of magnitude of difference), we investigate the reliability of this process. The stability of the irradiation-induced defects with respect to a soft annealing is studied by X-ray diffraction and magnetometry measurements, which provide some new insights on the mechanisms involved.
Nucleon-nucleon scattering from distillation
Creators: name: Green, Jeremy Russell
name: Hanlon, Andrew D.
name: Junnarkar, Parikshit M.
name: Wittig, Hartmut
Publisher: name: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Year: 2022
Subjects: nucleon nucleon, scattering
baryon baryon, interaction
lattice
deuteron
dibaryon
bound state
mixing
finite size

description: We report an ongoing analysis of nucleon-nucleon scattering based on finite-volume spectroscopy. The calculation is performed using the distillation method on eight lattice ensembles at the SU(3)-symmetric point with $m_\pi=m_K\approx 420$ MeV generated by CLS, covering a range of lattice spacings and volumes and previously used to study the $H$ dibaryon. We obtain nonzero signals for $S$, $P$, $D$, and $F$ waves as well as the mixing between spin-1 $S$ and $D$ waves. For $S$ waves, lattice artifacts are significant and tend to strengthen baryon-baryon interactions. In the deuteron and dineutron $S$ waves, we find virtual bound states.
Measurement of the charged pion mass using X-ray spectroscopy of exotic atoms
Creators: name: Trassinelli, M
name: Anagnostopoulos, D. F.
name: Borchert, G.
name: Dax, A.
name: Egger, J. P
name: Gotta, D.
name: Hennebach, M.
name: Indelicato, P.
name: Liu, Y. -W.
name: Manil, B.
name: Nelms, N.
name: Simons, L. M.
name: Wells, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The $5g-4f$ transitions in pionic nitrogen and muonic oxygen were measured simultaneously by using a gaseous nitrogen-oxygen mixture at 1.4\,bar. Due to the precise knowledge of the muon mass the muonic line provides the energy calibration for the pionic transition. A value of (139.57077\,$\pm$\,0.00018)\,MeV/c$^{2}$ ($\pm$\,1.3ppm) is derived for the mass of the negatively charged pion, which is 4.2ppm larger than the present world average.
Minimax Extrapolation Problem For Harmonizable Stable Sequences With Noise Observations
Creators: name: Moklyachuk, Mikhail
name: Ostapenko, Vitalii
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 60G10, 60G25, 60G35, Secondary: 62M20, 60G10, 60G25, 60G35, 93E10, 93E11

description: We consider the problem of optimal linear estimation of the functional $A ξ~=~\sum_{j = 0}^{\infty} a_j ξ_j$ that depends on the unknown values $ξ_j,j=0,1,\dots, $ of a random sequence $\{ξ_j,j\in\mathbb Z\}$ from observations of the sequence
 $\{ξ_k+η_k,k\in\mathbb Z\}$ at points $k = -1, -2, \dots$, where $\{ξ_k,k\in\mathbb Z\}$ and $\{η_k,k\in\mathbb Z\}$ are mutually independent harmonizable symmetric $α$-stable random sequences which have the spectral densities $f(θ)>0$ and $g(θ)>0$ satisfying the minimality condition.
 The problem is investigated under the condition of spectral certainty as well as under the condition of spectral uncertainty.
 Formulas for calculating the value of the error and the spectral characteristic of the optimal linear estimate of the functional are derived under the condition of spectral certainty where spectral densities of the sequences are exactly known.
 In the case of spectral uncertainty where spectral densities of the sequences are not exactly known, while a class of admissible spectral densities is given, relations that determine the least favorable spectral densities and the minimax spectral characteristic are derived.
$Q$-$Φ$ criticality and microstructure of charged AdS black holes in $f(R)$ gravity
Creators: name: Deng, Gao-Ming
name: Huang, Yong-Chang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The phase transition and critical behaviours of charged AdS black holes in $f(R)$ gravity with a conformally invariant Maxwell (CIM) source and constant curvature are further investigated. As a highlight, this research is carried out by employing new state parameters $(T,Q,Φ)$ and contributes to deeper understanding the thermodynamics and phase structure of black holes. Our analyses manifest that the charged $f(R)$-CIM AdS black hole undergoes a first order small-large black hole phase transition, and the critical behaviours qualitatively behave like a Van der Waals liquid-vapor system. However, differing from the case in Einstein's gravity, phase structures of the black holes in $f(R)$ theory exhibit an interesting dependence on gravity modification parameters. Moreover, we adopt the thermodynamic geometry to probe the black hole microscopic properties. The results show that, on the one hand, both the Ruppeiner curvature and heat capacity diverge exactly at the critical point, on the other hand, the $f(R)$-CIM AdS black hole possesses the property as ideal Fermi gases. Of special interest, we discover a microscopic similarity between the black holes and a Van der Waals liquid-vapor system.
description: 17 pages, 12 figures
Adsorption geometry and the interface states: The relaxed and compressed phases of NTCDA/Ag(111)
Creators: name: Jakob, P.
name: Zaitsev, N. L.
name: Namgalies, A.
name: Tonner, R.
name: Nechaev, I. A.
name: Tautz, F. S.
name: Höfer, U.
name: Sanchez-Portal, D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The theoretical modelling of metal-organic interfaces represents a formidable challenge, especially in consideration of the delicate balance of various interaction mechanisms and the large size of involved molecular species. In the present study, the energies of interface states, which are known to display a high sensitivity to the adsorption geometry and electronic structure of the deposited molecular species, have been used to test the suitability and reliability of current theoretical approaches. Two well-ordered overlayer structures (relaxed and compressed monolayer) of NTCDA on Ag(111) have been investigated using two-photon-photoemission to derive precise interface state energies for these closely related systems. The experimental values are reproduced by our DFT calculations using different treatments of dispersion interactions (optB88, PBE-D3) and basis set approaches (localized numerical atomic orbitals, plane waves) with remarkable accuracy. This underlines the trustworthiness regarding the description of geometric and electronic properties.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables
Measurement of the charged pion mass using a low-density target of light atoms
Creators: name: Trassinelli, M
name: Anagnostopoulos, D. F.
name: Borchert, G
name: Dax, A
name: Egger, J. -P
name: Gotta, D
name: Hennebach, M
name: Indelicato, P
name: Liu, Y. -W
name: Manil, B
name: Nelms, N
name: Simons, L. M.
name: Wells, A
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a new evaluation of the negatively charged pion mass based on the simultaneous spec-troscopy of pionic nitrogen and muonic oxygen transitions using a gaseous target composed by a N 2 /O 2 mixture at 1.4 bar. We present the experimental setup and the methods for deriving the pion mass value from the spatial separation from the 5g -- 4 f $π$N transition line and the 5g -- 4 f $μ$O transition line used as reference. Moreover, we discuss the importance to use dilute targets in order to minimize the influence of additional spectral lines from the presence of remaining electrons during the radiative emission. The occurrence of possible satellite lines is investigated via hypothesis testing methods using the Bayes factor.
MPEC 2023-E79 : 2023 EZ
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 EZ

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
3-Flows with Large Support
Creators: name: DeVos, Matt
name: McDonald, Jessica
name: Pivotto, Irene
name: Rollová, Edita
name: Šámal, Robert
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 05C21, 05C15

description: We prove that every 3-edge-connected graph $G$ has a 3-flow $ϕ$ with the property that $|\mathop{supp}(ϕ)| \ge \frac{5}{6} |E(G)|$. The graph $K_4$ demonstrates that this $\frac{5}{6}$ ratio is best possible; there is an infinite family where $\frac 56$ is tight.
description: 55 pages, 38 figures
Low energy Ne ion beam induced-modifications of magnetic properties in MnAs thin films
Creators: name: Trassinelli, M
name: Carlsson, L Bernard
name: Cervera, S
name: Eddrief, M
name: Etgens, V
name: Gafton, V
name: Lacaze, E
name: Lamour, E
name: Lévy, M
name: Macé, S
name: Prigent, C.
name: Rozet, J. -P.
name: Steydli, S
name: Marangolo, M
name: Vernhet, D
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2016
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Investigations of the complex behavior of the magnetization of manganese arsenide thin films due to defects induced by irradiation of slow heavy ions are presented. In addition to the thermal hysteresis suppression already highlighted in M. Trassinelli et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, 081906 (2014), we report here on new local magnetic features recorded by a magnetic force microscope at different temperatures close to the characteristic sample phase transition. Complementary measurements of the global magnetization measurements in different conditions (applied magnetic field and temperatures) enable to complete the film characterization. The obtained results suggest that the ion bombardment produces regions where the local mechanical constraints are significantly different from the average, promoting the local presence of magneto-structural phases far from the equilibrium. These regions could be responsible for the thermal hysteresis suppression previously reported, irradiation-induced defects acting as seeds in the phase transition.
A minimal scale invariant axion solution to the strong CP-problem
Creators: name: Tokareva, Anna
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a scale invariant extension of the Standard model allowing for the Kim-Shifman-Vainstein-Zakharov (KSVZ) axion solution of the strong CP problem in QCD. We add the minimal number of new particles and show that the Peccei-Quinn scalar might be identified with the complex dilaton field. Scale invariance, together with the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, is broken spontaneously near the Planck scale before inflation, which is driven by the Standard Model Higgs field. We present a set of general conditions which makes this scenario viable and an explicit example of an effective theory possessing spontaneous breaking of scale invariance. We show that this description works both for inflation and low-energy physics in the electroweak vacuum. This scenario can provide a self-consistent inflationary stage and, at the same time, successfully avoid the cosmological bounds on the axion. Our general predictions are the existence of coloured TeV mass fermion and the QCD axion. The latter has all the properties of the KSVZ axion but does not contribute to dark matter. This axion can be searched via it's mixing to a photon in an external magnetic field.
Entanglement detection via atomic deflection
Creators: name: Máximo, Carlos Eduardo
name: Bachelard, Romain
name: Neto, Gentil Dias de Morais
name: Moussa, Miled Hassan Youssef
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report on criteria to detect entanglement between the light modes of two crossed optical cavities by analyzing the transverse deflection patterns of an atomic beam. The photon exchange between the modes and the atoms occurs around the overlapping nodes of associated standing waves, which generates the two-dimensional (2D) version of the Optical Stern-Gerlach (OSG) effect. In this optical cross-cavity setup, we show that the discrete signatures of the fields states, left in the momentum distribution of the deflected atoms, may reveal entanglement for a certain class of two-mode states. For a single photon, we present the possibility of quantifying entanglement by the rotation of the momentum distribution. For a larger number of photons, we demonstrate that quantum interference precludes the population of specific momentum states revealing maximum entanglement between the light modes.
description: 8 pages and 5 figures