cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Cattaneo--type subdiffusion--reaction equation
Creators: name: Kosztołowicz, Tadeusz
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Subdiffusion in a system in which mobile particles $A$ can chemically react with static particles $B$ according to the rule $A+B\rightarrow B$ is considered within a persistent random walk model. This model, which assumes a correlation between successive steps of particles, provides hyperbolic Cattaneo normal diffusion or fractional subdiffusion equations for a system without chemical reactions. Starting with the difference equation, which describes a persistent random walk in a system with chemical reactions, using the generating function method and the continuous time random walk formalism, we will derive the Cattaneo--type subdiffusion differential equation with fractional time derivatives in which the chemical reactions mentioned above are taken into account. We will also find its solution over a long time limit. Based on the obtained results, we will find the Cattaneo--type subdiffusion--reaction equation in the case in which mobile particles of species $A$ and $B$ can chemically react according to a more complicated rule.
description: submitted to Phys. Rev. E
Marketing of indigenous fruits in Zimbabwe
Creators: name: Ramadhani, Tunu
Publisher: name: Hannover : Universität
Year: 2002
Subjects: subject: Marketing analysis
subject: consumer behaviour
subject: institutional economics
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft

description: [no abstract]
The $\mathrm{K}$-Theory of Perfectoid Rings
Creators: name: Antieau, Ben
name: Mathew, Akhil
name: Morrow, Matthew
Publisher: name: Deutsche Mathematiker-Vereinigung
Year: 2022

description: We establish various properties of the $p$-adic algebraic $\mathrm{K}$-theory of smooth algebras over perfectoid rings living over perfectoid valuation rings. In particular, the $p$-adic $\mathrm{K}$-theory of such rings is homotopy invariant, and coincides with the $p$-adic $\mathrm{K}$-theory of the $p$-adic generic fibre in high degrees. In the case of smooth algebras over perfectoid valuation rings of mixed characteristic the latter isomorphism holds in all degrees and generalises a result of Nizio\l.
description: DOCUMENTA MATHEMATICA, Vol 27 (2022), p. 1923-1951
High-fidelity radio astronomical polarimetry using a millisecond pulsar as a polarized reference source
Creators: name: van Straten, W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method of polarimetric calibration is presented in which the instrumental response is derived from regular observations of PSR J0437-4715 based on the assumption that the mean polarized emission from this millisecond pulsar remains constant over time. The technique is applicable to any experiment in which high-fidelity polarimetry is required over long time scales; it is demonstrated by calibrating 7.2 years of high-precision timing observations of PSR J1022+1001 made at the Parkes Observatory. Application of the new technique followed by arrival time estimation using matrix template matching yields post-fit residuals with an uncertainty-weighted standard deviation of 880 ns, two times smaller than that of arrival time residuals obtained via conventional methods of calibration and arrival time estimation. The precision achieved by this experiment yields the first significant measurements of the secular variation of the projected semi-major axis, the precession of periastron, and the Shapiro delay; it also places PSR J1022+1001 among the ten best pulsars regularly observed as part of the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array (PPTA) project. It is shown that the timing accuracy of a large fraction of the pulsars in the PPTA is currently limited by the systematic timing error due to instrumental polarization artifacts. More importantly, long-term variations of systematic error are correlated between different pulsars, which adversely affects the primary objectives of any pulsar timing array experiment. These limitations may be overcome by adopting the techniques presented in this work, which relax the demand for instrumental polarization purity and thereby have the potential to reduce the development cost of next-generation telescopes such as the Square Kilometre Array.
description: 19 pages, 12 figures, to be published in ApJS
Mechanical properties of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) fruit skin and their potential role in fruit russeting
Creators: name: Khanal, Bishnu Prasad
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Strain
subject: cuticle
subject: periderm
subject: epidermis
subject: hypodermis
subject: Dehnung
subject: Kutikula
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin

description: [no abstract]
High-order Large Eddy Simulations of Confined Rotor-Stator Flows
Creators: name: Viazzo, Stéphane
name: Poncet, Sébastien
name: Serre, Eric
name: Randriamampianina, Anthony
name: Bontoux, Patrick
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In many engineering and industrial applications, the investigation of rotating turbulent flow is of great interest. In rotor-stator cavities, the centrifugal and Coriolis forces have a strong influence on the turbulence by producing a secondary flow in the meridian plane composed of two thin boundary layers along the disks separated by a non-viscous geostrophic core. Most numerical simulations have been performed using RANS and URANS modelling, and very few investigations have been performed using LES. This paper reports on quantitative comparisons of two high-order LES methods to predict a turbulent rotor-stator flow at the rotational Reynolds number Re=400000. The classical dynamic Smagorinsky model for the subgrid-scale stress (Germano et al., Phys Fluids A 3(7):1760-1765, 1991) is compared to a spectral vanishing viscosity technique (Séverac & Serre, J Comp Phys 226(2):1234-1255, 2007). Numerical results include both instantaneous data and postprocessed statistics. The results show that both LES methods are able to accurately describe the unsteady flow structures and to satisfactorily predict mean velocities as well as Reynolds stress tensor components. A slight advantage is given to the spectral SVV approach in terms of accuracy and CPU cost. The strong improvements obtained in the present results with respect to RANS results confirm that LES is the appropriate level of modelling for flows in which fully turbulent and transition regimes are involved.
Mechanisms of salt tolerance in the halophytes Atriplex nummularia Lind. and Atriplex leucoclada Boiss
Creators: name: Hussin, Sayed Abd El-Monim Sayed
Publisher: name: Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover
Year: 2007
Subjects: subject: Salt tolerance mechanisms
subject: Atriplex nummularia
subject: Atriplex leucoclada
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)

description: [no abstract]
Poincaré recurrences and Ulam method for the Chirikov standard map
Creators: name: Frahm, Klaus M.
name: Shepelyansky, Dima L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study numerically the statistics of Poincaré recurrences for the Chirikov standard map and the separatrix map at parameters with a critical golden invariant curve. The properties of recurrences are analyzed with the help of a generalized Ulam method. This method allows to construct the corresponding Ulam matrix whose spectrum and eigenstates are analyzed by the powerful Arnoldi method. We also develop a new survival Monte Carlo method which allows us to study recurrences on times changing by ten orders of magnitude. We show that the recurrences at long times are determined by trajectory sticking in a vicinity of the critical golden curve and secondary resonance structures. The values of Poincaré exponents of recurrences are determined for the two maps studied. We also discuss the localization properties of eigenstates of the Ulam matrix and their relation with the Poincaré recurrences.
description: 11 pages, 14 figures, high resolution figures and video mpeg files available at: http://www.quantware.ups-tlse.fr/QWLIB/ulammethod/
Planning nature-based solutions: Principles, steps, and insights
Creators: name: Albert, Christian
name: Brillinger, Mario
name: Guerrero, Paulina
name: Gottwald, Sarah
name: Henze, Jennifer
name: Schmidt, Stefan
name: Ott, Edward
name: Schröter, Barbara
Publisher: name: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Ecosystem services
subject: Environmental planning
subject: Framework
subject: Lahn river
subject: Landscape planning
subject: Spatial planning
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Nature-based solutions (NBS) find increasing attention as actions to address societal challenges through harnessing ecological processes, yet knowledge gaps exist regarding approaches to landscape planning with NBS. This paper aims to provide suggestions of how planning NBS can be conceptualized and applied in practice. We develop a framework for planning NBS by merging insights from literature and a case study¬†in the Lahn river landscape, Germany. Our framework relates to three key criteria that define NBS, and consists of six steps of planning: Co-define setting, Understand challenges, Create visions and scenarios, Assess potential impacts, Develop solution strategies, and Realize and monitor. Its implementation is guided by five principles, namely Place-specificity, Evidence base, Integration, Equity, and Transdisciplinarity. Drawing on the empirical insights from the case study, we suggest suitable methods and a checklist of supportive procedures for applying the framework in practice. Taken together, our framework can facilitate planning NBS and provides further steps towards mainstreaming. ¬© 2020, The Author(s).
title: Land cover transitions and effects of transhumance on available forage biomass of rangelands in Benin
Creators: name: Ellison, James
name: Brinkmann, Katja
name: Diogo, Rodrigue Vivien Cao
name: Bürkert, Andreas
Publisher: name: Universität Kassel
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: allometric equations
subject: biomass estimation
subject: land cover changes
subject: Landsat
subject: transhumant pastoralism
subject: 500
subject: Benin
subject: Allometrie
subject: Weide
subject: Biomasse
subject: Bodenbedeckung
subject: Landsat
subject: Transhumanz

description: Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL
Bayesian updating of soil-water character curve parameters based on the monitor data of a large-scale landslide model experiment
Creators: name: Feng, Chengxin
name: Tian, Bin
name: Lu, Xiaochun
name: Beer, Michael
name: Broggi, Matteo
name: Bi, Sifeng
name: Xiong, Bobo
name: He, Teng
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Artificial neural networks
subject: Bayesian updating
subject: Large-scale landslide model experiment
subject: Markov chain Monte Carlo
subject: Soil-water characteristic curve
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: It is important to determine the soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) for analyzing landslide seepage under varying hydrodynamic conditions. However, the SWCC exhibits high uncertainty due to the variability inherent in soil. To this end, a Bayesian updating framework based on the experimental data was developed to investigate the uncertainty of the SWCC parameters in this study. The objectives of this research were to quantify the uncertainty embedded within the SWCC and determine the critical factors affecting an unsaturated soil landslide under hydrodynamic conditions. For this purpose, a large-scale landslide experiment was conducted, and the monitored water content data were collected. Steady-state seepage analysis was carried out using the finite element method (FEM) to simulate the slope behavior during water level change. In the proposed framework, the parameters of the SWCC model were treated as random variables and parameter uncertainties were evaluated using the Bayesian approach based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Observed data from large-scale landslide experiments were used to calculate the posterior information of SWCC parameters. Then, 95% confidence intervals for the model parameters of the SWCC were derived. The results show that the Bayesian updating method is feasible for the monitoring of data of large-scale landslide model experiments. The establishment of an artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate model in the Bayesian updating process can greatly improve the efficiency of Bayesian model updating.
Energetic damage analysis regarding the fatigue of concrete
Creators: name: Bode, Matthias
name: Marx, Steffen
Publisher: name: Malden, Mass. : Wiley
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Fatigue damage
subject: Fatigue testing
subject: Plastic parts
subject: Concrete specimens
subject: Damage analysis
subject: Damage parameter
subject: Damage process
subject: Degree of damages
subject: Developed model
subject: Dissipation energy
subject: Elastoplastic materials
subject: Concretes
subject: damage model
subject: dissipation energy
subject: fatigue
subject: warming
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::690 | Hausbau, Bauhandwerk

description: Due to the visco-elasto-plastic material behavior, the added energy to concrete specimens during fatigue tests is transformed into another form of energy. Besides the description of the energetic material behavior of concrete, the elastic and the plastic part of the energy as well as the dissipation energy are analyzed for different specimens. Especially the dissipation energy shows a correlation with the damage process as a result of the cyclic loading. Regarding this correlation, a new energetic damage model is introduced. With this model, a degree of damage during the tests and the development of the damage parameter over the load cycles can be determined. First tests with the developed model show good and plausible results. ¬© 2020 fib. International Federation for Structural Concrete
Forward and inverse problems in fundamental and applied magnetohydrodynamics
Creators: name: Giesecke, Andre
name: Stefani, Frank
name: Wondrak, Thomas
name: Xu, Mingtian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2012
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This Minireview summarizes the recent efforts to solve forward and inverse problems as they occur in different branches of fundamental and applied magnetohydrodynamics. As for the forward problem, the main focus is on the numerical treatment of induction processes, including self-excitation of magnetic fields in non-spherical domains and/or under the influence of non-homogeneous material parameters. As an important application of the developed numerical schemes, the functioning of the von-Kármán-sodium (VKS) dynamo experiment is shown to depend crucially on the presence of soft-iron impellers. As for the inverse problem, the main focus is on the mathematical background and some first practical applications of the Contactless Inductive Flow Tomography (CIFT), in which flow induced magnetic field perturbations are utilized for the reconstruction of the velocity field. The promises of CIFT for flow field monitoring in the continuous casting of steel are substantiated by results obtained at a test rig with a low melting liquid metal. While CIFT is presently restricted to flows with low magnetic Reynolds numbers, some selected problems of non-linear inverse dynamo theory, with possible application to geo- and astrophysics, are also discussed.
description: 15 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in European Physical Journal Special Topics
Electrochemical reactions in the field of eco-friendly energy
Creators: name: Li, Qingdong
Publisher: name: No Publisher Supplied
Year: 2022

description: Exploitation of renewable and carbon-free energy conversion and storage techniques is critical for sustainable and eco-friendly development of human society. This thesis covers three important topics in this field including oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), electrochemical nitrogen fixation (NRR) and lithium-ion battery (LIB). Chapter-2: Carbon-based catalysts are promising candidates for replacing the expensive Pt-based catalysts in fuel cells. However, the structural-functional-relationship is hard to found due to the coexistence of multiple kinds of potentially ORR active sites. In this work, we employed holey-graphene materials as model catalysts to study the catalytical behavior of zigzag-edges on the ORR in both acidic and basic conditions. Chapter-3: Direct fabrication of single-atom catalysts (SACs) by microwave was developed. The as-prepared Cu-SAC exhibits excellent ORR activity and selectivity in both acidic and alkaline media. Incorporating Cu-SAC in holey-graphene strengthens the binding with oxygen, which enhances ORR activity, compared to incorporation in defective carbon. Considering the high conductivity and excellent stability against oxidation of the holey graphene, this work, for the first time, suggests that the contradictory structural requirement of carbon matrix for high catalytic activity and long-term durability can be unified and simultaneously satisfied. Chapter-4&5: NRR represents a potentially clean and sustainable alternative for the Haber-Bosch process. Current catalysts suffer low ammonia yield rate and selectivity due to poor nitrogen activation and competition with hydrogen evolution (HER). We developed a simple method for fast production of phosphorus-cation-doped WO3 (PWO3). The electronic modulation by phosphorus doping was systematically studied. PWO3 possesses high NRR performance. This work for the first time combines bulk intercalation of protons and phosphorus doping to simultaneously improve nitrogen activation and suppress HER, providing a new strategy for NRR catalyst design. Chapter-6: Aiming at better understanding of the initial stage of solid electrolyte interface formation process in LIB, we performed in-situ electrochemistry-combined atomic force microscopy during constant current (CC) and linear sweep (LS) lithiation. Based on the monitored morphology evolution of the electrode, models were built for understanding the Li+-solvent-cointercalation and solvent reduction processes. Parallel or competing relationships between these two processes were found responsible for the different morphologies after CC and LS lithiation.
Presuming a nature in the context of resilience
Creators: name: Chazapis, Antonis
name: Loukos, Dimitris
Publisher: name: Hannover : Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Umweltplanung
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Climate change
subject: Urban area
subject: Heat islands
subject: Resilience
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::700 | Künste, Bildende Kunst allgemein::710 | Landschaftsgestaltung, Raumplanung

description: Over the last decades, the debate on climate change has brought back the everlasting discussion on the conceptualization of nature and the delimitation of our relationship with it. The emergence of „destruction“ has been instrumental in transforming moral evil to natural, viz the transition from the mechanistic-instrumental view of nature to a romantic one, where the superiority of “logos” over nature is now reversed. In the context of this conceptual shift, the rhetoric of „security“ was raised, and today is mainly expressed through the mechanisms of „mechanistic resilience“, namely the persistence in an ideal, almost a metaphysical equilibrium state of functioning of all biotic and abiotic systems. However, at the same time and in the context of ecological science, in recent decades, parallel transformations have also occurred in the notion of “resilience”. The latter is no longer defined on the basis of maintaining a balance, but rather adapting to lasting change (part of which is the “destruction”) which is recognized as a structural element of all natural and non- natural processes. If faith in the equilibrium tried to respond to a “revengeful nature” or a nature perceived as danger then which nature responds to adaptation? Accepting the latter as the new state of optimum functioning means that we must accept a new notion of evil that stems from the theory of resilience but ultimately expands to the „construction“ of a nature.
RXJ0123.4-7321, a Be/X-ray binary in the wing of the SMC
Creators: name: Sturm, R.
name: Haberl, F.
name: Pietsch, W.
name: Udalski, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To confirm faint Be/X-ray binary candidates from the XMM-Newton survey of the Small Magellanic Cloud, we searched for X-ray outbursts in archival ROSAT observations. We found that RXJ0123.4-7321 was much brighter when detected with ROSAT than seen 16 years later by XMM-Newton. We analysed the ROSAT observations and the OGLE I-band light curve of the optical counterpart to investigate the nature of the system. High long-term variability in the X-ray flux of a factor of ~150 was found between the ROSAT and XMM-Newton detections, indicating strong outburst activity during the ROSAT observations. The I-band light curve reveals long-term variability and regular outbursts with a period of (119.9+-2.5) days indicating the orbital period of the binary system. The large X-ray flux variations and the properties of the optical counterpart confirm RXJ0123.4-7321 as a new Be/X-ray binary in the wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud.
description: 5 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in A&A
Berechnung von Nichtlinearitätsparametern von RF MOS Mischern mittels Volterra-Reihen [Calculation of nonlinearity parameters of RF MOS mixers by means of Volterra series]
Creators: name: Susic, A.
name: Darrat, A.H.
name: Mathis, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: RF MOS mixers
subject: Volterra series
subject: MAPLE
subject: RF MOS Mischer
subject: Volterra-Reihe
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: Die Nichtlinearität einer Mischerschaltung bezüglich des Informationssignals führt zu unerwünschten Spektralanteilen am Ausgang des Mischers. Da nicht alle Spektralanteile kritisch sind, müssen bei einer Nichtlinearitätsanalyse nur bestimmte Spektralanteile ermittelt werden. In dieser Arbeit wird ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Spektralanteile der Zustandsgrößen im Mischer mit Hilfe der Volterra-Reihe gezeigt. Das Verfahren basiert auf die Methode der nichtlinearen Stromquellen. Es wird sowohl auf nicht-schaltende als auch schaltende Mischer angewendet. Hierbei wird der erste als ein zeitinvariantes System mit zwei Eingängen und der zweite als ein periodisch zeitvariantes System mit einem Eingang modelliert. Das Verfahren wird in dem Computeralgebraprogramm MAPLE für den einfach balancierten MOS Mischer implementiert. Es ermöglicht die Herleitung von semi-symbolischen Ausdrücken für die Spektralanteile in Abhängigkeit von den Entwurfsparametern. Die numerischen Ergebnisse des Verfahrens werden gegenüber Simulationen mit SpectreRF verglichen.
Pulsatilla
Creators: name: Becherer
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 1956
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy

description: A. Pulsatilla L. (P.vulgaris Miller) Cat. 4. Für das Wallis zu streichen.
description: Published as part of Becherer, 1956, Florae Vallesiacae Supplementum, pp. 1-556 in Denkschriften der Schweizerischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 71 on pages 1-556
Bifurkationsanalyse eines LC Tank VCOs unter Berücksichtigung der variablen Kapazität [Bifurcation analysis of an LC tank VCOs considering the variable capacity]
Creators: name: Bremer, J.-K.
name: Zorn, C.
name: Mathis, Wolfgang
Publisher: name: Göttingen : Copernicus GmbH
Year: 2009
Subjects: subject: Bifurcation analysis
subject: LC tanks
subject: Variable capacity
subject: Electrical engineering
subject: Electronics engineering
subject: Bifurcation (mathematics)
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik

description: In dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir einen neuartigen Ansatz für den systematischen Entwurf von integrierten LC Tank VCO-Schaltungen basierend auf dem Andronov Hopf Theorem und der Störungstheorie. Der Ansatz ermöglicht es, eine Abschätzung des resultierenden Abstimmbereichs, eine Stabilitätsanalyse und eine Berechnung der Amplitude des VCOs im Vorfeld des eigentlichen Entwurfs durchzuführen. Des Weiteren erlaubt die vorgestellte Methode eine Optimierung des VCOs hinsichtlich der in den Spezifikationen geforderte Amplitude und eine Minimierung der höheren Harmonischen. Mit Hilfe eines ladungsbasierten MOS-Modells ist es möglich die spannungsabhängige Kapazität der Varaktortransistoren durch einen analytischen Ausdruck zu beschreiben. Auf Basis dieses analytischen Ausdrucks wird die amplitudenabhängige Großsignalkapazität des VCOs in Abhängigkeit von Designparametern und der Tuningspannung modelliert. Die Gültigkeit der vorgestellte Entwurfsmethode wird anhand eines Beispielentwurfes eines 2.4 GHz VCO unter Verwendung einer 0.25 μm HF-CMOS Technologie verifiziert.
The role of low-mass star clusters in massive star formation. The Orion Case
Creators: name: Rivilla, V. M.
name: Martin-Pintado, J.
name: Jimenez-Serra, I.
name: Rodriguez-Franco, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To distinguish between the different theories proposed to explain massive star formation, it is crucial to establish the distribution, the extinction, and the density of low-mass stars in massive star-forming regions. We analyze deep X-ray observations of the Orion massive star-forming region using the Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project (COUP) catalog. We studied the stellar distribution as a function of extinction, with cells of 0.03 pc x 0.03 pc, the typical size of protostellar cores. We derived stellar density maps and calculated cluster stellar densities. We found that low-mass stars cluster toward the three massive star-forming regions: the Trapezium Cluster (TC), the Orion Hot Core (OHC), and OMC1-S. We derived low-mass stellar densities of 10^{5} stars pc^{-3} in the TC and OMC1-S, and of 10^{6} stars pc^{-3} in the OHC. The close association between the low-mass star clusters with massive star cradles supports the role of these clusters in the formation of massive stars. The X-ray observations show for the first time in the TC that low-mass stars with intermediate extinction are clustered toward the position of the most massive star, which is surrounded by a ring of non-extincted low-mass stars. This 'envelope-core' structure is also supported by infrared and optical observations. Our analysis suggests that at least two basic ingredients are needed in massive star formation: the presence of dense gas and a cluster of low-mass stars. The scenario that better explains our findings assumes high fragmentation in the parental core, accretion at subcore scales that forms a low-mass stellar cluster, and subsequent competitive accretion. Finally, although coalescence does not seem a common mechanism for building up massive stars, we show that a single stellar merger may have occurred in the evolution of the OHC cluster, favored by the presence of disks, binaries, and gas accretion.
description: 17 pages, 11 figures, 3 Tables. Accepted for publication in A&A
Investigation of the trends of electricity demands in Jordan and its susceptibility to the ambient air temperature towards sustainable electricity generation
Creators: name: Almuhtady, Ahmad
name: Alshwawra, Ahmad
name: Alfaouri, Marwa
name: Al-Kouz, Wael
name: Al-Hinti, Ismael
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2019
Subjects: subject: load demand trend
subject: Jordan
subject: electricity consumption
subject: waether
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::300 | Sozialwissenschaften, Soziologie, Anthropologie::330 | Wirtschaft::333 | Boden- und Energiewirtschaft::333,7 | Natürliche Ressourcen, Energie und Umwelt

description: Background: Efficient production and reliable availability of electricity requires comprehensive understanding of load demand trends to plan and match production with consumption. Although electricity demand depends on a combination of cultural and economic conditions, weather conditions remain as the major driver. With increased capabilities of accurate predictions of weather, the importance of investigating and quantifying its impact on electricity demand becomes obvious. The electrical system in Jordan has been facing several challenges including the failure to respond to increased demands induced by extreme temperatures. This paper covers a clear gap in literature through presenting a detailed investigation of the electricity consumption trends and in identifying the susceptibility of these trends to weather. Methods: This study relies on the statistical processing and analysis, through modeling of hourly electricity demands in Jordan in the period of 10 years between 2007 and 2016. Actual weather data was used employing the degree-day approach. The monthly, daily, and hourly seasonal variation indices were determined. Optimally formulated piecewise functions were used to track the thermal comfort zone and rate of increase in electricity demand for temperatures beyond it for each year. Moreover, the elasticity of polynomial functions was adopted to identify saturation points to thermally map the electricity consumption. Results: The developed models successfully described the relationship between the daily electricity demand and the mean daily ambient temperature. The average comfort zone width was 4 °C and the average mean base temperature was 17.9 °C. The sensitivity of electricity demand to both high and low temperatures has increased on average, with 11% and 16.4% to hot and cold weather, respectively. Finally, the electricity demand in cooling was found to saturate at 32.9 °C, whereas it saturates for heating at 4.7 °C. Conclusions: The electricity demand in Jordan observes seasonal trends in a consistent and predictable manner. An optimally formulated piecewise function successfully tracked the thermal comfort zone and the rate of increase in electricity demand for temperatures beyond it for each year of the study period. Finally, saturation heating and cooling temperatures were acquired from the elasticity of the daily electricity demands modeled against daily HDD and CDD.
Condensed Results Report of PROTECT's Governance and Historical Research
Creators: name: Caestecker, Frank
name: Ecker, Eva
name: Longo, Francesca
name: Di Mauro, Danilo
name: Sicakkan, Hakan G.
name: Van Wolleghem, Pierre
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: PROTECT Consortium
Asylum Determination
Historical, External, and Procedural Dimensions
Political Asylum
European Union
Institutional Architectures

description: The international refugee protection system comprises multiple protection tools, from preventive measures (e.g., development aid, conflict resolution, diplomacy, military intervention, support to refugee-protecting states) to direct measures (e.g., resettlement, relocation, temporary protection, protection in safe zones, and individual asylum). Amongst these, individual asylum is the most clearly defined instrument in the UN’s 1951 Geneva Convention on Refugees. National refugee determination (RSD) systems are primarily about the individual asylum instrument of the international protection regime. RSD systems are meant to function as holistic sets of institutions, actors, and procedures assembled to examine asylum applications and grant international protection to those who need it. They are intended to give fair treatment to asylum claimants by clearly distinguishing between those who are eligible for international protection and those who are not. Despite this common purpose, the national RSDs are legally, institutionally, and procedurally organized in various ways.1 Although international RSD harmonization has been going on since the 1990s, especially in the EU member states,2 there are still significant country-wise differences in how the RSDs are organized.
An extended Hamilton principle as unifying theory for coupled problems and dissipative microstructure evolution
Creators: name: Junker, Philipp
name: Balzani, Daniel
Publisher: name: Berlin ; Heidelberg : Springer
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Coupled processes
subject: Local and non-local effects
subject: Multi-physics
subject: Variational modeling
subject: Equations of state
subject: Microstructural evolution
subject: Evolution equations
subject: Exemplary materials
subject: Extended Hamilton principles
subject: Internal variables
subject: Mechanical process
subject: Micro-structure evolutions
subject: Principle of virtual work
subject: Rate-independent materials
subject: Ordinary differential equations
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik

description: An established strategy for material modeling is provided by energy-based principles such that evolution equations in terms of ordinary differential equations can be derived. However, there exist a variety of material models that also need to take into account non-local effects to capture microstructure evolution. In this case, the evolution of microstructure is described by a partial differential equation. In this contribution, we present how Hamilton’s principle provides a physically sound strategy for the derivation of transient field equations for all state variables. Therefore, we begin with a demonstration how Hamilton’s principle generalizes the principle of stationary action for rigid bodies. Furthermore, we show that the basic idea behind Hamilton’s principle is not restricted to isothermal mechanical processes. In contrast, we propose an extended Hamilton principle which is applicable to coupled problems and dissipative microstructure evolution. As example, we demonstrate how the field equations for all state variables for thermo-mechanically coupled problems, i.e., displacements, temperature, and internal variables, result from the stationarity of the extended Hamilton functional. The relation to other principles, as the principle of virtual work and Onsager’s principle, is given. Finally, exemplary material models demonstrate how to use the extended Hamilton principle for thermo-mechanically coupled elastic, gradient-enhanced, rate-dependent, and rate-independent materials. © 2021, The Author(s).
Two-color quantum memory in double Λ-media
Creators: name: Viscor, D.
name: Ahufinger, V.
name: Mompart, J.
name: Zavatta, A.
name: La Rocca, G. C.
name: Artoni, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a quantum memory for a single-photon wave packet in a superposition of two different colors, i.e., two different frequency components, using the electromagnetically induced transparency technique in a double-Λ system. We examine a specific configuration in which the two frequency components are able to exchange energy through a four-wave mixing process as they propagate, so the state of the incident photon is recovered periodically at certain positions in the medium. We investigate the propagation dynamics as a function of the relative phase between the coupling beams and the input single-photon frequency components. Moreover, by considering time-dependent coupling beams, we numerically simulate the storage and retrieval of a two-frequency-component single-photon qubit.
description: 9 pages, 5 figures
Radiation and energetic analysis of nanofluid based volumetric absorbers for concentrated solar power
Creators: name: Eggers, Jan Rudolf
name: Lange, Eckart Matthias.
name: Kabelac, Stephan
Publisher: name: Basel : MDPI AG
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Anisotropy
subject: Energy conversion
subject: Nanofluid
subject: Scattering
subject: Solar absorption
subject: Spectral penetration depth
subject: Temperature distribution
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften, Biologie
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::540 | Chemie

description: Recently, several publications gave attention to nanofluid based solar absorber systems in which the solar radiation energy is directly absorbed in the volume of the fluid. This idea could provide advantages over conventionally used surface absorbers regarding the optical and thermal efficiency. For the evaluation of this concept, a numerical approach is introduced and validated in this contribution. The results show that the optical efficiency of a volumetric absorber strongly depends on the scattering behavior of the nanofluid and can reach competitive values only if the particle size distribution is narrow and small. If this is achieved, the surface temperature and therefore the heat loss can be lowered significantly. Furthermore, the surface absorber requires very high Reynolds numbers to transfer the absorbed energy into the working fluid and avoid overheating of the absorber tube. This demand of pumping power can be reduced significantly using the concept of volumetric absorption.
Esrium - Use Cases and Requirements Analysis
Creators: name: Schildorfer, Wolfgang
name: Hofbauer, Florian
name: Walch, Manuel
name: Neubauer, Matthias
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2021
Subjects: Road Map
AI-based road damage prediction
damage prediction
d road maintenance planning

description: ESRIUM will integrate and evaluate all the elements of its solution. It will demonstrate the sensor system, the EGNSS receiver, the digital road wear map and the relative processing platform and the C-ITS communication. The final goal is to set up a test vehicle which is able to receive routing recommendations and has enough autonomy to react accordingly.
⚘ Signs and being: the role of semiotics in Heidegger's thought ☀ Rocco Gangle
Creators: name: Gangle, Rocco
name: Troutman, Tim
name: Passarini, William
Publisher: name: Instituto de Estudos Filosóficos
Year: 2022
Subjects: Being
Dasein
John Deely
Martin Heidegger
Semiotics
Signs

description: Stick around... and you will sense the signs of an existence hurled into the luminous clearing of being.

This event, chaired by Tim Troutman (Lyceum Institute) plus William Passarini (Mansarda Acesa) and to be commented on by Mafalda Blanc (Centre of Philosophy of the University of Lisbon), is part of the activities of the 2022 International Open Seminar on Semiotics: a Tribute to John Deely on the Fifth Anniversary of His Passing, cooperatively organized by the Institute for Philosophical Studies of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities of the University of Coimbra, the Lyceum Institute, the Deely Project, Saint Vincent College, the Iranian Society for Phenomenology at the Iranian Political Science Association, the International Association for Semiotics of Space and Time, the Institute for Scientific Information on Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Semiotic Society of America, the American Maritain Association, the International Association for Semiotic Studies, the International Society for Biosemiotic Studies, the International Center for Semiotics and Intercultural Dialogue, Moscow State Academic University for the Humanities and the Mansarda Acesa with the support of the FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P., of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education of the Government of Portugal under the UID/FIL/00010/2020 project.

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Rocco Gangle is the author of several books, including Diagrammatic Immanence: Category Theory and Philosophy (Edinburgh University Press 2016). His research focuses on semiotics, diagrammatic logic, French phenomenology and post-structuralism, and the work of Francois Laruelle. He is Professor of Philosophy at Endicott College, USA and Distinguished Research Fellow with GCAS College Dublin, Ireland.

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Mafalda Blanc is Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy of the Faculty of Letters of the University of Lisbon, since 1980. She holds an MA from the NOVA School of Social Sciences and Humanities in Lisbon, with a thesis on Heidegger. She holds a PhD from the University of Lisbon, with a thesis on Malebranche. Main areas of research: Metaphysics, Hermeneutics, Philosophy of Language, the philosophy of Heidegger. Eigth published books: on Ontology, Malebranche and Heidegger.

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Homepage: https://www.uc.pt/fluc/uidief/act/io2s/
Auditorium: https://www.uc.pt/fluc/uidief/act/io2s/auditorium

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Technical support assured by Robert Junqueira.
The cover image for the video was designed by Zahra Soltani.
Numerical investigation of effects on blanks for press hardening process during longitudinal flux heating
Creators: name: Dietrich, André
name: Nacke, Bernard
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Batch data processing
subject: Heating equipment
subject: Induction heating
subject: Presses (machine tools)
subject: Batch process
subject: Conventional heating
subject: Heating technology
subject: Induction heating system
subject: Induction system
subject: Numerical investigations
subject: Press hardenings
subject: Warm forming
subject: Hardening
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: With the induction heating technology, it is possible to heat up blanks for the press hardening process in 20 s or less. Furthermore, the dimension of an induction system is small and easy to control in comparison to conventional heating systems. To bring the induction heating technology to warm forming industry it is necessary to analyze the process under the view of induction. This paper investigates the edge- and end-effects of a batch heated blank. The results facilitate the later design of induction heating systems for the batch process.
title: Die latènezeitliche Funde des Christenberges bei Münchhausen, Kreis Marburg/Lahn. Untersuchungen zur Keramik eisenzeitlicher Höhensiedlungen in Nordhessen
Creators: name: Wegner, Hans-Helmut
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: [nicht vorhanden / not available]
Measurement of muonium emission from silica aerogel
Creators: name: Bakule, P.
name: Beer, G. A.
name: Contreras, D.
name: Esashi, M.
name: Fujiwara, Y.
name: Fukao, Y.
name: Hirota, S.
name: Iinuma, H.
name: Ishida, K.
name: Iwasaki, M.
name: Kakurai, T.
name: Kanda, S.
name: Kawai, H.
name: Kawamura, N.
name: Marshall, G. M.
name: Masuda, H.
name: Matsuda, Y.
name: Mibe, T.
name: Miyake, Y.
name: Okada, S.
name: Olchanski, K.
name: Olin, A.
name: Onishi, H.
name: Saito, N.
name: Shimomura, K.
name: Strasser, P.
name: Tabata, M.
name: Tomono, D.
name: Ueno, K.
name: Yokoyama, K.
name: Yoshida, S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2013
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Emission of muonium ($μ^{+}e^{-}$) atoms from silica aerogel into vacuum was observed. Characteristics of muonium emission were established from silica aerogel samples with densities in the range from 29 mg cm$^{-3}$ to 178 mg cm$^{-3}$. Spectra of muonium decay times correlated with distances from the aerogel surfaces, which are sensitive to the speed distributions, follow general features expected from a diffusion process, while small deviations from a simple room-temperature thermal diffusion model are identified. The parameters of the diffusion process are deduced from the observed yields.
description: 11 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PTEP
Nonlinear anisotropic diffusion filtering for the characterization of stochastic structured surfaces
Creators: name: Loftfield, N.
name: Kastner, M.
name: Reithmeier, E.
Publisher: name: Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Behavioral research
subject: Diffusion
subject: Geometry
subject: Optical anisotropy
subject: Separation
subject: Stochastic systems
subject: Topography
subject: Edge preserving
subject: Friction and wear behaviors
subject: Gaussian filters
subject: Geometric surfaces
subject: Non-linear anisotropic diffusion
subject: Standard procedures
subject: Structured surfaces
subject: Surface feature
subject: Surface topography
subject: Konferenzschrift
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::530 | Physik
subject: Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik

description: Structured surfaces enhance the functionality of components. Well known is the influence of the surface structure on friction and wear behavior. Beyond this, structured surfaces are widely used for various purposes such as optical, biological or mechanical applications. Therefore, the characterization of structured surfaces and surface features becomes increasingly important. The functionality of a surface can either be tested directly or indirectly. Due to the correlation of geometric surface features and its functionality, an indirect and self-evident way is by measuring the surface topography. To obtain the geometric essentials of these features, they need to be separated from the raw surface data. The standard procedure of decomposing a surface topography is by the use of a Gaussian filter bank, gaining so called scale-limited surfaces. This procedure shows drawbacks when characterizing structured surfaces by introducing distortions to the feature boundaries. To overcome these limitations, this work proposes the use of an automatic nonlinear anisotropic diffusion filter as an initial step to separate the features from the residual surface topography because of its edge preserving properties. It is shown that the nonlinear anisotropic diffusion serves well the separation of the features and their geometrical characterization.
title: The pheasant goblet from Varpelev with enamel inscription DVB • P • – the signature of a glass decorator
Creators: name: Pfahl, Stefan F.
Publisher: name: University Library Heidelberg
Year: 2016

description: Das 1861 in einem Männergrab in Varpelev auf der dänischen Insel Seeland entdeckte, vollständige Glasgefäß der Form Isings 85b mit Emailbemalung trägt als einziges dieser Teilgruppe eine Inschrift. Da es sich um einen Trinkbecher handelt, wurden die vier Buchstaben bislang zu D(a) V(inum) B(onum) P(ie) aufgelöst. Keinerlei Bedeutung maß man den zeilenmittigen Punkten vor und hinter dem Buchstaben P zu, welchen in Inschriften jedoch eine Interpunktionsfunktion zukommt. Daher gehören die ersten drei Buchstaben zusammen, weshalb der Autor von lediglich zwei Wörtern ausgeht und DVB • P(inxit) • liest – die erste emailgemalte römische Künstlersignatur. Eine vollständige Namens rekonstruktion und die damit einhergehende Festlegung des sexus sind dagegen nicht möglich.
description: In 1861 a complete glass vessel of type Isings 85b was discovered in a man’s grave at Varpelev on the Danish island Zeeland. It is painted with enamel and the only one of this subgroup carrying an inscription. As it is a drinking vessel so far the four letters were interpreted individually as D(a) V(inum) B(onum) P(ie). No attention was paid to the dots in the middle of the line infront and after the P; in inscriptions dots serve as interpunctuation. Therefore, the first three letters belong together leaving us with only two words. The author reads DVB • P(inxit) – the first signature of an artist painted with enamel in Roman times. A complete reconstruction of the name and the consequent identification of the sexus are nevertheless not possible.