cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Bent-Double Radio Sources as Probes of Intergalactic Gas
Creators: name: Freeland, E.
name: Cardoso, R. F.
name: Wilcots, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: As the most common environment in the universe, groups of galaxies are likely to contain a significant fraction of the missing baryons in the form of intergalactic gas. The density of this gas is an important factor in whether ram pressure stripping and strangulation affect the evolution of galaxies in these systems. We present a method for measuring the density of intergalactic gas using bent-double radio sources that is independent of temperature, making it complementary to current absorption line measurements. We use this method to probe intergalactic gas in two different environments: inside a small group of galaxies as well as outside of a larger group at a 2 Mpc radius and measure total gas densities of $4 \pm 1_{-2}^{+6} \times 10^{-3}$ and $9 \pm 3_{-5}^{+10} \times 10^{-4}$ per cubic centimeter (random and systematic errors) respectively. We use X-ray data to place an upper limit of $2 \times 10^6$ K on the temperature of the intragroup gas in the small group.
description: 6 pages, 1 figure, accepted for publication in ApJ
Information transmission in oscillatory neural activity
Creators: name: Koepsell, Kilian
name: Sommer, Friedrich T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Neurons and Cognition (q-bio.NC)
subject: Information Theory (cs.IT)
subject: Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Periodic neural activity not locked to the stimulus or to motor responses is usually ignored. Here, we present new tools for modeling and quantifying the information transmission based on periodic neural activity that occurs with quasi-random phase relative to the stimulus. We propose a model to reproduce characteristic features of oscillatory spike trains, such as histograms of inter-spike intervals and phase locking of spikes to an oscillatory influence. The proposed model is based on an inhomogeneous Gamma process governed by a density function that is a product of the usual stimulus-dependent rate and a quasi-periodic function. Further, we present an analysis method generalizing the direct method (Rieke et al, 1999; Brenner et al, 2000) to assess the information content in such data. We demonstrate these tools on recordings from relay cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.
description: 18 pages, 8 figures, to appear in Biological Cybernetics
The Main Sequence of Star Clusters
Creators: name: Kuepper, Andreas H. W.
name: Kroupa, Pavel
name: Baumgardt, Holger
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A novel way of looking at the evolution of star clusters is presented. With a dynamical temperature, given by the mean kinetic energy of the cluster stars, and a dynamical luminosity, which is defined as the kinetic energy of the stars leaving the cluster in analogy to the energy of photons emitted by a star, the dissolution of star clusters is studied using a new dynamical temperature-luminosity diagram for star clusters. The investigation contains a parameter-space study of open clusters of up to N = 32768 single-mass stars with different initial density distributions, half-mass radii, tidal conditions and binary fractions. The clusters show a strong correlation between dynamical temperature and dynamical luminosity and most of the investigated cluster families share a common sequence in such a dynamical temperature-luminosity diagram. Deviations from this sequence are analyzed and discussed. After core collapse, the position of a cluster within this diagram can be defined by three parameters: the mass, the tidal conditions and the binary fraction. Due to core collapse all initial conditions are lost and the remaining stars adjust to the given tidal conditions. Binaries as internal energy sources influence this adjustment. A further finding concerns the Lagrange radii of star clusters: Throughout the investigated parameter space nearly all clusters show a constant half-mass radius for the time after core collapse until dissolution. Furthermore, the ratio of half-mass radius to tidal radius evolves onto a common sequence which only depends on the mass left in the cluster.
description: 16 pages, 21 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
Convex Trace Functions on Quantum Channels and the Additivity Conjecture
Creators: name: Mueller, Markus
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study a natural generalization of the additivity problem in quantum information theory: given a pair of quantum channels, then what is the set of convex trace functions that attain their maximum on unentangled inputs, if they are applied to the corresponding output state? We prove several results on the structure of the set of those convex functions that are "additive" in this more general sense. In particular, we show that all operator convex functions are additive for the Werner-Holevo channel in 3x3 dimensions, which contains the well-known additivity results for this channel as special cases.
description: 9 pages, 1 figure. Published version
Dissipation and the Fundamental Plane: Observational Tests
Creators: name: Hopkins, Philip F.
name: Cox, Thomas J.
name: Hernquist, Lars
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We develop observational tests of the idea that dissipation in gas-rich mergers produces the fundamental plane (FP) and related correlations obeyed by ellipticals. The FP 'tilt' implies lower-mass ellipticals have a higher ratio of stellar to dark matter within their stellar effective radii. Models argue that mergers between more gas-rich (typically lower-mass) disks yield larger mass fractions formed in compact starbursts, giving a smaller stellar R_e and higher M_stellar/M_tot within that R_e. Such starbursts leave a characteristic imprint in the surface brightness profile: a central excess above an outer profile established by the dissipationless violent relaxation of disk stars. In previous work, we developed empirical methods to decompose the observed profiles of ellipticals and robustly estimate the amount of dissipation in the original spheroid-forming merger(s). Applying this to a large sample of observed ellipticals, we test whether or not their location on the FP and its tilt are driven by dissipation. At fixed mass, ellipticals formed in more dissipational events are smaller and have higher M_stellar/M_tot. At fixed degree of dissipation, there is no tilt in the FP. We show that the dynamical mass estimator R_e*sigma^2/G is a good estimator of the true mass: the observed FP tilt cannot primarily owe to other forms of non-homology. Removing the effects of dissipation, observed ellipticals obey the same FP correlations as disks: unusual progenitors are not required to make typical ellipticals. Dissipation appears to be both necessary and sufficient to explain the FP tilt.
description: 32 pages, 24 figures, accepted to ApJ (minor revisions to match accepted version)
The muon g-2 discrepancy: errors or new physics?
Creators: name: Passera, M.
name: Marciano, W. J.
name: Sirlin, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: After a brief review of the muon g-2 status, we discuss hypothetical errors in the Standard Model prediction that could explain the present discrepancy with the experimental value. None of them looks likely. In particular, an hypothetical increase of the hadroproduction cross section in low-energy e^+e^- collisions could bridge the muon g-2 discrepancy, but is shown to be unlikely in view of current experimental error estimates. If, nonetheless, this turns out to be the explanation of the discrepancy, then the 95% CL upper bound on the Higgs boson mass is reduced to about 130 GeV which, in conjunction with the experimental 114.4 GeV 95% CL lower bound, leaves a narrow window for the mass of this fundamental particle.
description: 4 pages. Invited talk at 16th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY08), June 16-21 2008, Seoul, Korea
Quantum super-cavity with atomic mirrors
Creators: name: Zhou, Lan
name: Dong, H.
name: Liu, Yu-xi
name: Sun, C. P.
name: Nori, Franco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study single-photon transport in an array of coupled microcavities where two two-level atomic systems are embedded in two separate cavities of the array. We find that a single-photon can be totally reflected by a single two-level system. However, two separate two-level systems can also create, between them, single-photon quasi-bound states. Therefore, a single two-level system in the cavity array can act as a mirror while a different type of cavity can be formed by using two two-level systems, acting as tunable "mirrors", inside two separate cavities in the array. In analogy with superlattices in solid state, we call this new "cavity inside a coupled-cavity array" a super-cavity. This supercavity is the quantum analog of Fabry-Perot interferometers. Moreover, we show that the physical properties of this quantum super-cavity can be adjusted by changing the frequencies of these two-level systems.
description: 13 pages, 9 figures
Machine Learning Methods for Identifying Atrial Fibrillation Cases and Their Predictors in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: The HCM-AF-Risk Model
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Moumita
name: Lu, Dai-Yin
name: Ventoulis, Ioannis
name: Greenland, Gabriela V.
name: Yalcin, Hulya
name: Guan, Yufan
name: Marine, Joseph E.
name: Olgin, Jeffrey E.
name: Zimmerman, Stefan L.
name: Abraham, Theodore P.
name: Abraham, M. Roselle
name: Shatkay, Hagit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients have a high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and increased stroke risk, even with low risk of congestive heart failure, hypertension, age, diabetes, previous stroke/transient ischemic attack scores. Hence, there is a need to understand the pathophysiology of AF and stroke in HCM. In this retrospective study, we develop and apply a data-driven, machine learning based method to identify AF cases, and clinical and imaging features associated with AF, using electronic health record data. HCM patients with documented paroxysmal/persistent/permanent AF (n = 191) were considered AF cases, and the remaining patients in sinus rhythm (n = 640) were tagged as No-AF. We evaluated 93 clinical variables and the most informative variables useful for distinguishing AF from No-AF cases were selected based on the 2-sample t test and the information gain criterion. We identified 18 highly informative variables that are positively (n = 11) and negatively (n = 7) correlated with AF in HCM. Next, patient records were represented via these 18 variables. Data imbalance resulting from the relatively low number of AF cases was addressed via a combination of oversampling and under-sampling strategies. We trained and tested multiple classifiers under this sampling approach, showing effective classification. Specifically, an ensemble of logistic regression and naive Bayes classifiers, trained based on the 18 variables and corrected for data imbalance, proved most effective for separating AF from No-AF cases (sensitivity = 0.74, specificity = 0.70, C-index = 0.80). Our model is the first machine learning based method for identification of AF cases in HCM. This model demonstrates good performance, addresses data imbalance, and suggests that AF is associated with a more severe cardiac HCM phenotype.
On assessing adolescent understanding of the nature of science
Creators: name: Curtis, Bruce W.
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The research sought to qualitatively describe and analyze the beliefs of senior high school students in British Columbia about the nature cf science. Secondly, it proposed a methodology for the evaluation of student understanding in this area. In defining 'understanding' it emphasized the cognitive aspect by identifying a knowledge and comprehension of the various positions within the philosophy of science as a major component. The study has analytical, empirical, and clinical interview components. Two 'typologies' were developed which were based on the philosophical literature. They were an 'Empiricist view' and a 'Weltanschauungen view'. The typologies were used to generate differing patterns cf responses to questions on the nature of science taken from the 1978 B.C. Science assessment. Nine students were interviewed extensively on their reasons for making particular distractor choices and the transcripts were analyzed. This analysis concluded that there was some evidence to support the construct validity cf the typologies, and they were useful in helping to identify the differing philosophical positions upon which the students based their answers to the questions on the nature of science. It was further concluded that there was partial support for the suggestion that students' positions may be context dependent. Specifically, issues relating to science and its methods tended to be answered within the framework of the 'Empiricist view' while questions related to the relationships between science and society were answered from a more Keltanschauungist perspective. It was recommended that: 1. the typological analysis methodology developed would be helpful in constructing assessment instruments which measure a student's understanding of the nature of science from within the two generalized perspectives, 2. the differential response to the questions on science and its methods and those on science and society should be more thoroughly investigated, and 3. curriculum materials and strategies should be developed which address the understanding of the nature of science from the 'variety of perspectives' approach.
TESC 2019 - Physical & Cyber Technology & Infrastructure
Creators: Alan Ransil
Kenneth Wacks
Umit Cali
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

Technical Session
A Computable Multilayer Systems Tack for Future-Proof Interoperability - The future decarbonized power grid will make increasing use of distributed energy resources (DERs) controlled using data collected at an extremely granular level compared to today's coarse bulk power system models. However, the centralized system by which security constrained economic dispatch is implemented at the transmission level cannot be directly applied to a distribution system comprising five orders of magnitude as many nodes engaging in complex scheduling and bidding behavior. Emerging data processing tools such as distributed state estimation algorithms, multiparty computation, blockchains, zero-knowledge proofs and machine learning hold the promise of collecting and processing the necessary data efficiently and securely.

Cybersecurity and Energy Management Standards for TE - Cybersecurity for IoT and advanced energy management are essential for real-time automated Transactive Energy. This presentation will introduce this suite of standards and explain how these technical standards allow consumers and service providers to choose and enforce privacy options. Incorporating privacy protection during product design is less costly for manufacturers than fixing problems later and compensating customers for breaches.

Transactive Energy Blockchain for Use Cases Segmentation and Standardization Framework - Transactive Energy Systems are designed by using the advantage of the advance control and economic operational functionalities to dynamically balance the electrical demand and supply within the electrical grid using advanced information and communication technologies. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT, in particular Blockchain, is considered as one of the most promising emerging technologies which will transform the future business and social consumer behaviour in several industrial segments fundamentally.
TESC 2019 - System Design & Architecture
Creators: Paul De Martini
Don Hammerstrom
David Holmberg
Kash Nodehi
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

Technical Session
Transactive Oriented Grid Architecture - To enable the development of these transactive energy hubs, it is necessary to consider structural changes in the architectural of urban distribution systems and the "customer to distribution" operational coordination necessary to align with TOD. Insights from transportation network architecture in a TOD context will be discussed.

A Transactive Network Template for Decentralized TE Systems - The complexity of launching a new transactive energy network is overwhelming. Successful recent examples might include Independent System Operators. These have probably been successful because 1) the rules of these markets were codified and accepted by market participants, and 2) the market networks are notably shallow in that they have but one centralized price discovery mechanism. How might still deeper, more distributed networks of transactive agents might be facilitated? Price discovery mechanisms and computations in these networks should become fully decentralized. The many transactive agents that make up the distributed transactive energy networks might reside not only with load serving entities and wholesale providers who participate today, but also at many additional levels of the electricity distribution circuit - in appliances, devices, residences, businesses, industries, substations, transformers, generators, and distributed energy resources of any type.

A Simple Market Plus controls Approach for Distribution Grid Voltage - A comprehensive approach to voltage management is proposed that uses both distribution grid equipment and customer DER to manage voltages on the grid.

Advanced Io-T Based Metering Infrastructure to Support Transactive Energy Exchanges - In this presentation we articulate the existing gaps in AMI and telemetry to meet the visibility needs of system operators into a large number of active DER assets, as well as the metering and deliverability verification needs of a large number of prosumers engaged in transactive exchanges. This includes the need for recording transactions at the point of interconnection (the metered point) between the Behind-the- Meter (BTM) participating assets and the grid.
The neutron negative central charge density: an inclusive-exclusive connection
Creators: name: Miller, Gerald A.
name: Arrington, John
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Models of generalized parton distributions at zero skewness are used to relate the behavior of deep inelastic scattering quark distributions, evaluated at high x, to the transverse charge density evaluated at small distances. We obtain an interpretation of the recently obtained negative central charge density of the neutron. The d quarks dominate the neutron structure function for large values of Bjorken x, where the large momentum of the struck quark has a significant impact on determining the center of momentum, and thus the ``center'' of the nucleon in the transverse position plane.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Shape transformation transitions in a model of fixed-connectivity surfaces supported by skeletons
Creators: name: Koibuchi, Hiroshi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A compartmentalized surface model of Nambu and Goto is studied on triangulated spherical surfaces by using the canonical Monte Carlo simulation technique. One-dimensional bending energy is defined on the skeletons and at the junctions, and the mechanical strength of the surface is supplied by the one-dimensional bending energy defined on the skeletons and junctions. The compartment size is characterized by the total number L^\prime of bonds between the two-neighboring junctions and is assumed to have values in the range from L^\prime=2 to L^\prime=8 in the simulations, while that of the previously reported model is characterized by L^\prime=1, where all vertices of the triangulated surface are the junctions. Therefore, the model in this paper is considered to be an extension of the previous model in the sense that the previous model is obtained from the model in this paper in the limit of L^\prime\to1 The model in this paper is identical to the Nambu-Goto surface model without curvature energies in the limit of L^\prime\to \infty and hence is expected to be ill-defined at sufficiently large L^\prime. One remarkable result obtained in this paper is that the model has a well-defined smooth phase even at relatively large L^\prime just as the previous model of L^\prime\to1. It is also remarkable that the fluctuations of surface in the smooth phase are crucially dependent on L^\prime; we can see no surface fluctuation when L^\prime\leq2, while relatively large fluctuations are seen when L^\prime\geq3.
description: 7 pages, 8 figures
Identifying Ventricular Arrhythmias and Their Predictors by Applying Machine Learning Methods to Electronic Health Records in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy(HCM-VAr-Risk Model)
Creators: name: Bhattacharya, Moumita
name: Lu, Dai-Yin
name: Kudchadkar, Shibani M
name: Greenland, Gabriela Villarreal
name: Lingamaneni, Prasanth
name: Corona-Villalobos, Celia P
name: Guan, Yufan
name: Marine, Joseph E
name: Olgin, Jeffrey E
name: Zimmerman, Stefan
name: Abraham, Theodore P
name: Shatkay, Hagit
name: Abraham, Maria Roselle
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Clinical risk stratification for sudden cardiac death (SCD) in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HC) employs rules derived from American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association (ACCF/AHA) guidelines or the HCM Risk-SCD model (C-index of 0.69), which utilize a few clinical variables. We assessed whether data-driven machine learning methods that consider a wider range of variables can effectively identify HC patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VAr) that lead to SCD. We scanned the electronic health records of 711 HC patients for sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Patients with ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation (n = 61) were tagged as VAr cases and the remaining (n = 650) as non-VAr. The 2-sample t test and information gain criterion were used to identify the most informative clinical variables that distinguish VAr from non-VAr; patient records were reduced to include only these variables. Data imbalance stemming from low number of VAr cases was addressed by applying a combination of over- and under-sampling strategies.We trained and tested multiple classifiers under this sampling approach, showing effective classification. We evaluated 93 clinical variables, of which 22 proved predictive of VAr. The ensemble of logistic regression and naive Bayes classifiers, trained based on these 22 variables and corrected for data imbalance, was most effective in separating VAr from non-VAr cases (sensitivity = 0.73, specificity = 0.76, C-index = 0.83). Our method (HCM-VAr-Risk Model) identified 12 new predictors of VAr, in addition to 10 established SCD predictors. In conclusion, this is the first application of machine learning for identifying HC patients with VAr, using clinical attributes.
Associations between Physical Activity and Mental Health in Iranian Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Accelerometer-Based Study
Creators: name: Ghorbani, Saeed
name: Afshari, Mostafa
name: Eckelt, Melanie
name: Dana, Amir
name: Bund, Andreas
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: 170114 Sport and Exercise Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology

description: Using self-reported questionnaires, several studies found that social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed the level of physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents. Since the objectivity of self-reported PA is limited in several ways, we used modern accelerometers in this study to assess the PA levels of male and female adolescents during the pandemic-related lockdown. Moreover, the association of PA with mental health of the adolescents were analyzed. A total of 136 students (76 girls, mean age of 16.28 ± 0.97 years) from various schools in Iran wore the accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X-BT) for seven consecutive days. Mental health was measured through the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 of Lovibond and Lovibond (1995). Descriptive statistics and independent t-tests were used to analyze the PA levels of male and female students, and linear regressions were computed to examine whether PA predicts mental health status. On average, the daily time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was 18.47 min, which is clearly below the WHO guideline of at least 60 min of MVPA per day. Only 4% of adolescents showed MVPA for more than 30 min per day. Male students were significantly more active than their female peers (p = 0.015). As expected, MVPA was negatively associated with mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and stress. However, the majority of adolescents reported symptoms of mild-to-moderate mental health disorders. These results emphasize the need for targeted strategies and offerings geared to young people’s needs and preferences to promote an adequate level of PA …
Higgs funnel region of SUSY dark matter for small $\tanβ$ and renormalization group effects on pseudoscalar Higgs boson with scalar mass non-universality
Creators: name: Chattopadhyay, Utpal
name: Das, Debottam
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A non-universal scalar mass supergravity type of model is explored where the first two generation of scalars and the third generation of sleptons may be very massive. Lighter or vanishing third generation of squarks as well as Higgs scalars at the unification scale cause the radiative electroweak symmetry breaking constraint to be less prohibitive. Thus, both FCNC/CP-violation problems as well as the naturalness problem are within control. We identify a large slepton mass effect in the RGE of $m_{H_D}^2$ (for the down type of Higgs) that may turn the later negative at the electroweak scale even for a small $\tanβ$. A hyperbolic branch/focus point like effect is found for $m_A^2$ that may result in very light Higgs spectra. The lightest stable particle is dominantly a bino that pair annihilates via Higgs exchange, giving rise to a WMAP satisfied relic density region for all $\tanβ$. Detection prospects of such LSPs in the upcoming dark matter experiments both of direct and indirect types (photon flux) are interesting. The Higgs bosons and the third generation of squarks are light in this scenario and these may be easily probed besides charginos and neutralinos in the early runs of LHC.
description: 36 pages and 7 Postscript files. Minor changes in the text. Version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D
2019 IEEE General Meeting Misc. 8/7 Panel Presentations v2
Creators: B. Rew
S. Steffel
R. Fioravanti
C. Frieh
D. Al-Qadi
S. Rao
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2019

2019 IEEE General Meeting Misc. 8/7 Panel Presentations v2
This product contains 6 presentations from the following Wednesday, August 7th panel sessions:
1. Panel: Impact of High Penetration of Renewable Resources
    Presentation: System Operations with High Penetrations of Renewables
2. Presentation: Grid Supporting Battery Energy Storage Systems
3. Presentation: Localization of EV Charger Load
4. Presentation: Enhancing Reliability and Resiliency Using an Advanced Communications Platform and Data Analytics
5. Presentation: Data-Driven Approaches for Resilient Communities and Equitable Investment
6. Presentation: Dynamic Simulation Models for aggregated distributed energy resources
Capsule networks with non-iterative cluster routing
Creators: name: Zhao, Zhihao
name: Cheng, Samuel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Capsule networks use routing algorithms to flow information between consecutive layers. In the existing routing procedures, capsules produce predictions (termed votes) for capsules of the next layer. In a nutshell, the next-layer capsule's input is a weighted sum over all the votes it receives. In this paper, we propose non-iterative cluster routing for capsule networks. In the proposed cluster routing, capsules produce vote clusters instead of individual votes for next-layer capsules, and each vote cluster sends its centroid to a next-layer capsule. Generally speaking, the next-layer capsule's input is a weighted sum over the centroid of each vote cluster it receives. The centroid that comes from a cluster with a smaller variance is assigned a larger weight in the weighted sum process. Compared with the state-of-the-art capsule networks, the proposed capsule networks achieve the best accuracy on the Fashion-MNIST and SVHN datasets with fewer parameters, and achieve the best accuracy on the smallNORB and CIFAR-10 datasets with a moderate number of parameters. The proposed capsule networks also produce capsules with disentangled representation and generalize well to images captured at novel viewpoints. The proposed capsule networks also preserve 2D spatial information of an input image in the capsule channels: if the capsule channels are rotated, the object reconstructed from these channels will be rotated by the same transformation. Codes are available at https://github.com/ZHAOZHIHAO/ClusterRouting.
2020 PES GM Tutorial Series: Grid_Energy Storage Technology and Applications, Session 2: Applications and Valuation - Slides
Creators: Babu Chalamala
Jim McDowall
Vince Sprenkle
Chris Searles
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2020

This multi-presenter tutorial covers the basics of electrical energy storage (primarily for the grid), including the factors driving the need for electrical energy storage; the various energy storage applications; various present and potential future battery energy storage technologies (BESS), e.g., Li-based, advanced lead-acid, flow batteries, sodium-based batteries, metal-air batteries, and zinc-based rechargeable batteries; commissioning of energy storage systems; engineering of energy storage systems, interconnection with the grid (e.g., IEEE 1547); energy management systems, commissioning, system safety and reliability, and finally, code compliance.
This multi-presenter tutorial covers the basics of electrical energy storage (primarily for the grid), including the factors driving the need for electrical energy storage; the various energy storage applications; various present and potential future battery energy storage technologies (BESS), e.g., Li-based, advanced lead-acid, flow batteries, sodium-based batteries, metal-air batteries, and zinc-based rechargeable batteries; commissioning of energy storage systems; engineering of energy storage systems, interconnection with the grid (e.g., IEEE 1547); energy management systems, commissioning, system safety and reliability, and finally, code compliance.
The NStED Exoplanet Transit Survey Service
Creators: name: von Braun, K.
name: Abajian, M.
name: Ali, B.
name: Baker, R.
name: Berriman, G. B.
name: Chiu, N-M.
name: Ciardi, D. R.
name: Good, J.
name: Kane, S. R.
name: Laity, A. C.
name: McElroy, D. L.
name: Monkewitz, S.
name: Payne, A. N.
name: Ramirez, S.
name: Schmitz, M.
name: Stauffer, J. R.
name: Wyatt, P. L.
name: Zhang, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The NASA Star and Exoplanet Database (NStED) is a general purpose stellar archive with the aim of providing support for NASA's planet finding and characterization goals, stellar astrophysics, and the planning of NASA and other space missions. There are two principal components of NStED: a database of (currently) 140,000 nearby stars and exoplanet-hosting stars, and an archive dedicated to high-precision photometric surveys for transiting exoplanets. We present a summary of the latter component: the NStED Exoplanet Transit Survey Service (NStED-ETSS), along with its content, functionality, tools, and user interface. NStED-ETSS currently serves data from the TrES Survey of the Kepler Field as well as dedicated photometric surveys of four stellar clusters. NStED-ETSS aims to serve both the surveys and the broader astronomical community by archiving these data and making them available in a homogeneous format. Examples of usability of ETSS include investigation of any time-variable phenomena in data sets not studied by the original survey team, application of different techniques or algorithms for planet transit detections, combination of data from different surveys for given objects, statistical studies, etc. NStED-ETSS can be accessed at \tt{http://nsted.ipac.caltech.edu}
description: To appear in the Proceedings of the 253rd IAU Symposium: "Transiting Planets", May 2008, Cambridge, MA. 4 pages, 2 figures
NewsEmbed: Modeling News through Pre-trained Document Representations
Creators: name: Liu, Jialu
name: Liu, Tianqi
name: Yu, Cong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Computation and Language (cs.CL)
subject: Information Retrieval (cs.IR)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Effectively modeling text-rich fresh content such as news articles at document-level is a challenging problem. To ensure a content-based model generalize well to a broad range of applications, it is critical to have a training dataset that is large beyond the scale of human labels while achieving desired quality. In this work, we address those two challenges by proposing a novel approach to mine semantically-relevant fresh documents, and their topic labels, with little human supervision. Meanwhile, we design a multitask model called NewsEmbed that alternatively trains a contrastive learning with a multi-label classification to derive a universal document encoder. We show that the proposed approach can provide billions of high quality organic training examples and can be naturally extended to multilingual setting where texts in different languages are encoded in the same semantic space. We experimentally demonstrate NewsEmbed's competitive performance across multiple natural language understanding tasks, both supervised and unsupervised.
description: Accepted in SIGKDD 2021
A comparison of the oral syntax of Canadian kindergarten children with the written syntax in the beginning basal readers
Creators: name: Dempsey, Mary Deirdre
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2010

description: The purpose of this study was to compare the oral syntax of selected Canadian kindergarten children with the written syntax in the two beginning reading series prescribed for use in the schools in British Columbia. The oral language data was obtained by taping twenty-four kindergarten children from three selected schools in Richmond, B.C. The children were taped in three different sessions within their classroom - a free-play session, a story-telling session and an interview session. The written language data was obtained by analysing the first two books from the Grade one level for the Reading 720 and Language Patterns (Revised) basal reading series. Based on the syntactic measures used, for the most part the children's oral syntax was found to be significantly more complex than the syntax in the Reading 720 series. (p<1.05). Except for the use of dependent clauses, and the length of adverb phrases and clauses, the Language Patterns series was found to be closely matched to the syntax of the children. The results of this study warrant careful consideration by those involved in the creation and implementation of beginning reading materials.
First order phase transition in the anisotropic quantum orbital compass model
Creators: name: Orus, Roman
name: Doherty, Andrew C.
name: Vidal, Guifre
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate the anisotropic quantum orbital compass model on an infinite square lattice by means of the infinite projected entangled-pair state algorithm. For varying values of the $J_x$ and $J_z$ coupling constants of the model, we approximate the ground state and evaluate quantities such as its expected energy and local order parameters. We also compute adiabatic time evolutions of the ground state, and show that several ground states with different local properties coexist at $J_x = J_z$. All our calculations are fully consistent with a first order quantum phase transition at this point, thus corroborating previous numerical evidence. Our results also suggest that tensor network algorithms are particularly fitted to characterize first order quantum phase transitions.
description: 4 pages, 3 figures, major revision with new results
2020 PES General Meeting Tutorial Series: Machine Learning and Big Data Analytics in Smart Grid, Session 2: Overview & Reinforcement learning-based Control in Power Distribution Systems
Creators: Dr. Nanpeng Yu
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2020

This multi-presenter tutorial provides background information, real-world development experience, and in-depth discussions of big data analytics and machine learning in smart grid. The value, velocity, volume, and variety of big data in the smart grid will be discussed. The basics of machine learning algorithms such as unsupervised learning, supervised learning, and reinforcement learning algorithms will be delivered in good depth for working professionals. Important real-world applications of big data analytics and machine learning in the transmission system, distribution system, and electricity market will be presented.
These applications include: behind-the-meter solar estimation, load modeling & monitoring, PMU data analytics, high impedance fault identification, topology identification, distribution system state estimation, oscillation detection and analysis, data-driven distribution system management, topology identification.
This multi-presenter tutorial provides background information, real-world development experience, and in-depth discussions of big data analytics and machine learning in smart grid. The value, velocity, volume, and variety of big data in the smart grid will be discussed. The basics of machine learning algorithms such as unsupervised learning, supervised learning, and reinforcement learning algorithms will be delivered in good depth for working professionals. Important real-world applications of big data analytics and machine learning in the transmission system, distribution system, and electricity market will be presented.
These applications include: behind-the-meter solar estimation, load modeling & monitoring, PMU data analytics, high impedance fault identification, topology identification, distribution system state estimation, oscillation detection and analysis, data-driven distribution system management, topology identification.
Miscellaneous 4/17 Panel Sessions
Creators: J. Aguero
J. Laundergan
F. Rahimil O. Santos
Z. Wassenberg
Publisher: name: IEEE
Year: 2018

2018 PES T&D Panel Presentation
This product contains presentations from 5 different panel sessions presented on Tuesday, April 17th. These sessions are entitled: "Technologies to Enhance Grid Resiliency, Reliability, and Sustainability: Needs, Trends, and Emerging Solutions", Provision of Grid Services from DR Resources", "Advancing Utility Maintenance and Construction with Augmented and Virtual Reality", "Transactive Energy Methods: Techniques and Approaches for Interaction Between Distribution Grid Participants", and "Value Engineering: Optimizing Solutions while Balancing Function and Cost".
Crystallographic Etching of Few-Layer Graphene
Creators: name: Datta, Sujit S.
name: Strachan, Douglas R.
name: Khamis, Samuel M.
name: Johnson, A. T. Charlie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We demonstrate a method by which few-layer graphene samples can be etched along crystallographic axes by thermally activated metallic nanoparticles. The technique results in long (>1 micron) crystallographic edges etched through to the insulating substrate, making the process potentially useful for atomically precise graphene device fabrication. This advance could enable atomically precise construction of integrated circuits from single graphene sheets with a wide range of technological applications.
Connecting Cluster Substructure in Galaxy Cluster Cores at z=0.2 With Cluster Assembly Histories
Creators: name: Smith, Graham P.
name: Taylor, James E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We use semi-analytic models of structure formation to interpret gravitational lensing measurements of substructure in galaxy cluster cores (R<=250kpc/h) at z=0.2. The dynamic range of the lensing-based substructure fraction measurements is well matched to the theoretical predictions, both spanning f_sub~0.05-0.65. The structure formation model predicts that f_sub is correlated with cluster assembly history. We use simple fitting formulae to parameterize the predicted correlations: Delta_90 = tau_90 + alpha_90 * log(f_sub) and Delta_50 = tau_50 + alpha_50 * log(f_sub), where Delta_90 and Delta_50 are the predicted lookback times from z=0.2 to when each theoretical cluster had acquired 90% and 50% respectively of the mass it had at z=0.2. The best-fit parameter values are: alpha_90 = (-1.34+/-0.79)Gyr, tau_90 = (0.31+/-0.56)Gyr and alpha_50 = (-2.77+/-1.66)Gyr, tau_50 = (0.99+/-1.18)Gyr. Therefore (i) observed clusters with f_sub~0.8 and to have suffered <=10% mass growth since z~0.4, (ii) observed clusters with f_sub>~0.4 (e.g. A68, A773) are interpreted as, on average, forming since z~0.4 and suffering >10% mass growth in the ~500Myr preceding z=0.2, i.e. since z=0.25. In summary, observational measurements of f_sub can be combined with structure formation models to estimate the age and assembly history of observed clusters. The ability to ``age-date'' approximately clusters in this way has numerous applications to the large clusters samples that are becoming available.
description: Accepted by ApJL, 4 pages, 2 figures
Naked emergence of an anti-Hale active region I. Overall evolution and magnetic properties
Creators: name: Wang, Jincheng
name: Yan, Xiaoli
name: Kong, Defang
name: Xue, Zhike
name: Yang, Liheng
name: Li, Qiaoling
name: Zhang, Yan
name: Li, Hao
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: {In order to understand the emergence of the active region, we investigate the emerging process and magnetic properties of a naked anti-Hale active region during the period between August 24 to 25, 2018.} {Using the data from Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Soar Dynamic Observatory and the New Vacuum Solar Telescope, we calculated different evolving parameters (such as pole separation, tilt angle) and magnetic parameters (such as vertical electric current, force-free parameter, relative magnetic helicity) during the emergence of the active region. With these calculated parameters and some reasonable assumptions, we use two different methods to estimate the twist of the active region.} {The magnetic flux and pole separation continue increasing while the tilt angle exhibits a decreasing pattern during the emergence of the active region. The increase of the pole separation is mainly contributed as a result of the enhancement in the longitude direction. A power-law relationship between pole separation and total flux is found during the emergence of the active region. On the other hand, it is found that both the positive and negative electric currents increased equivalently and the average flux-weighted force-free parameter $\tilde α$ remains almost consistently positive, on the order of $\sim$ 10$^{-8}$ m$^{-1}$. The relative magnetic helicity is mainly contributed by the shear term, while the relative magnetic helicity injection flux of the shear term changes its sign at the latter stage of the emergence. The twist number of the whole active region remains on the order of 10$^{-1}$ turns during the emergence of the active region.} {We find that the magnetic flux tube with low twist also could emerge into the solar atmosphere.}
description: 15 pages, 8 figures The paper is accepted for publication in A&A
Quantum Multi Prover Interactive Proofs with Communicating Provers
Creators: name: Ben-Or, Michael
name: Hassidim, Avinatan
name: Pilpel, Haran
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Multi Prover Interactive Proof systems (MIPs)were first presented in a cryptographic context, but ever since they were used in various fields. Understanding the power of MIPs in the quantum context raises many open problems, as there are several interesting models to consider. For example, one can study the question when the provers share entanglement or not, and the communication between the verifier and the provers is quantum or classical. While there are several partial results on the subject, so far no one presented an efficient scheme for recognizing NEXP (or NP with logarithmic communication), except for [KM03], in the case there is no entanglement (and of course no communication between the provers). We introduce another variant of Quantum MIP, where the provers do not share entanglement, the communication between the verifier and the provers is quantum, but the provers are unlimited in the classical communication between them. At first, this model may seem very weak, as provers who exchange information seem to be equivalent in power to a simple prover. This in fact is not the case - we show that any language in NEXP can be recognized in this model efficiently, with just two provers and two rounds of communication, with a constant completeness-soundness gap.
Isospin-projected nuclear level densities by the shell model Monte Carlo method
Creators: name: Nakada, H.
name: Alhassid, Y.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2008
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have developed an efficient isospin projection method in the shell model Monte Carlo approach for isospin-conserving Hamiltonians. For isoscalar observables this projection method has the advantage of being exact sample by sample. The isospin projection method allows us to take into account the proper isospin dependence of the nuclear interaction, thus avoiding a sign problem that such an interaction introduces in unprojected calculations. We apply our method in the calculation of the isospin dependence of level densities in the complete $pf+g_{9/2}$ shell. We find that isospin-dependent corrections to the total level density are particularly important for $N \sim Z$ nuclei.
description: 5 pages including 4 figures
MPEC 2023-Y73 : 2022 YJ2
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.