cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Plasma Emission Induced By Electron Beam in Weakly Magnetized Plasmas
Creators: name: Chen, Yao
name: Zhang, Zilong
name: Ni, Sulan
name: Li, Chuanyang
name: Ning, Hao
name: Kong, Xiangliang
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Previous studies on the beam-driven plasma emission process were done mainly for unmagnetized plasmas. Here we present fully-kinetic electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations to investigate such process in weakly-magnetized plasmas of the solar corona conditions. The primary mode excited is the beam-Langmuir (BL) mode via the classical bump-on-tail instability. Other modes include the whistler (W) mode excited by the electron cyclotron resonance instability, the generalized Langmuir (GL) waves that include a superluminal Z-mode component with smaller wave number $k$ and a thermal Langmuir component with larger $k$, and the fundamental (F) and harmonic (H) branches of plasma emission. Further simulations of different mass and temperature ratios of electrons and protons indicate that the GL mode and the two escaping modes (F and H) correlate positively with the BL mode in intensity, supporting that they are excited through nonlinear wave-wave coupling processes involving the BL mode. We suggest that the dominant process is the decay of the primary BL mode. This is consistent with the standard theory of plasma emission. Yet, the other possibility of the Z+W$\rightarrow$O--F coalescing process for the F emission cannot be ruled out completely.
BAP1 germline mutation in two first grade family members with uveal melanoma
Creators: name: Maerker, David A.
name: Zeschnigk, M.
name: Nelles, J.
name: Lohmann, D. R.
name: Worm, K.
name: Bosserhoff, Anja-Katrin
name: Krupar, Rosemarie
name: Jägle, Herbert
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary cancer of the eye in adults. About half of the patients are at risk of developing metastatic disease resulting in a poor clinical prognosis. Metastatic progression is strongly associated with loss of one chromosome 3 in the tumour (monosomy 3). The tumour suppressor gene BAP1 was found to be recurrently mutated in UM with monosomy 3. Familial UM is rare and amounts to about 0.6–6% of all patients with melanoma. However, BAP1 germline mutations have been identified in rare hereditary tumour syndromes, including cases with UM. One may assume that UM may be part of these hereditary conditions with predisposition to malignant cancers. Methods: The patients underwent complete ophthalmological workup and enucleation due to UM. Microsatellite analysis was performed to determine the chromosome 3 status of the tumours. Sanger sequencing of all coding exons of the BAP1 gene was performed in blood DNA of the patients. Results: Here we report on two family members (mother and son) diagnosed with UM. In both patients, a cosegregating BAP1 germline mutation (c.299 T>C) was found. The mutant BAP1 allele was retained in the tumour of the son showing monosomy 3. The son further developed urothelial carcinoma and liver metastasis, the mother was affected by the UM and cholangiocellular carcinoma. Conculsions: We detected a cosegregating BAP1 germline mutation in two family members with UM. This suggests that, consistent with a classic tumour suppressor model, carriers of damaging mutations in BAP1 are predisposed to UM. However, as BAP1 germline mutations have been found to cause other cancer syndromes as well, there must be other factors that decide about the type of tumour emerging from BAP1 inactivation.
Platinum contacts for 9-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons
Creators: name: Hsu, Chunwei
name: Rohde, Michael
name: Barin, Gabriela Borin
name: Gandus, Guido
name: Passerone, Daniele
name: Luisier, Mathieu
name: Ruffieux, Pascal
name: Fasel, Roman
name: van der Zant, Herre S. J.
name: Abbassi, Maria El
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Creating a good contact between electrodes and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has been a longstanding challenge in searching for the next GNR-based nanoelectronics. This quest requires the controlled fabrication of sub-20 nm metallic gaps, a clean GNR transfer minimizing damage and organic contamination during the device fabrication, as well as work function matching to minimize the contact resistance. Here, we transfer 9-atom-wide armchair-edged GNRs (9-AGNRs) grown on Au(111)/mica substrates to pre-patterned platinum electrodes, yielding polymer-free 9-AGNR field-effect transistor devices. Our devices have a resistance in the range of $10^6$ to $10^8$ $Ω$ in the low-bias regime, which is 2 to 4 orders of magnitude lower than previous reports. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function method (NEGF) explain the observed p-type electrical characteristics and further demonstrate that platinum gives strong coupling and higher transmission in comparison to other materials such as graphene.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
V4334 Sgr (Sakurai's Object): still churning out the dust
Creators: name: Evans, A.
name: Banerjee, D. P. K.
name: Geballe, T. R.
name: Gehrz, R. D.
name: Woodward, C. E.
name: Hinkle, K.
name: Joyce, R. R.
name: Shahbandeh, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present a $0.8-2.5\,μ$m spectrum of the Very Late Thermal Pulse object V4334 Sgr (Sakurai's Object), obtained in 2020 September. The spectrum displays a continuum that rises strongly to longer wavelengths, and is considerably brighter than the most recent published spectrum obtained seven years earlier. At the longer wavelengths the continuum is well fitted by a blackbody with a temperature of $624\pm8$ K. However, there is excess continuum at the shortest wavelengths that we interpret as being due to hot dust that has very recently formed in an environment with C/O $\simeq2.5$. Other possible sources for this excess continuum are discussed - such as the stellar photosphere dimly seen through the dust shell, and light scattered off the inner wall of the dust torus - but these interpretations seem unlikely. Numerous emission lines are present, including those of HeI, CI, [CI], and OI. Our observations confirm that emission in the HeI 1.083$\,μ$m and [CI] 0.9827/0.9852$\,μ$m lines is spatially extended. The [CI] line fluxes suggest that the electron density increased by an order of magnitude between 2013 and 2020, and that these two lines may soon disappear from the spectrum. The flux ratio of the 1.083$\,μ$m and 2.058$\,μ$m HeI lines is consistent with the previously-assumed interstellar extinction. The stellar photosphere remains elusive, and the central star may not be as hot as suggested by current evolutionary models.
description: MNRAS, accepted
Control of hepatocyte proliferation and survival by Fgf receptors is essential for liver regeneration in mice
Creators: name: Padrissa-Altés, S.
name: Bachofner, M.
name: Bogorad, R. L.
name: Rossolini, T.
name: Böhm, Friederike
name: Liebisch, Gerhard
name: Hellerbrand, Claus
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Objective: Fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs) are key orchestrators of development, and a role of Fgfs in tissue repair is emerging. Here we studied the consequences of inducible loss of Fgf receptor (Fgfr) 4, the major Fgf receptor (Fgfr) on hepatocytes, alone or in combination with Fgfr1 and Fgfr2, for liver regeneration after PH. Design: We used siRNA delivered via nanoparticles combined with liver-specific gene knockout to study Fgfr function in liver regeneration. Liver or blood samples were analysed using histology, immunohistochemistry, real-time RT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA. Results: siRNA-mediated knockdown of Fgfr4 severely affected liver regeneration due to impairment of hepatocyte proliferation combined with liver necrosis. Mechanistically, the proliferation defect resulted from inhibition of an Fgf15-Fgfr4-Stat3 signalling pathway, which is required for injury-induced expression of the Foxm1 transcription factor and subsequent cell cycle progression, while elevated levels of intrahepatic toxic bile acids were identified as the likely cause of the necrotic damage. Failure of liver mass restoration in Fgfr4 knockdown mice was prevented at least in part by compensatory hypertrophy of hepatocytes. Most importantly, our data revealed partially redundant functions of Fgf receptors in the liver, since knockdown of Fgfr4 in mice lacking Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 in hepatocytes caused liver failure after PH due to severe liver necrosis and a defect in regeneration. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that Fgfr signalling in hepatocytes is essential for liver regeneration and suggest activation of Fgfr signalling as a promising approach for the improvement of the liver's regenerative capacity.
Relative abundance constraints from high-resolution optical transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b, and a fast model-filtering technique for accelerating retrievals
Creators: name: Gibson, Neale P.
name: Nugroho, Stevanus K.
name: Lothringer, Joshua
name: Maguire, Cathal
name: Sing, David K.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: High-resolution Doppler-resolved spectroscopy has presented new opportunities for studying the atmospheres of exoplanets. While the 'classical' cross-correlation approach has proven to be efficient at finding atmospheric species, it is unable to perform direct atmospheric retrievals. Recent work has shown that retrievals are possible using a direct likelihood evaluation or likelihood 'mappings'. The unique aspect of high-resolution retrievals is that the data-processing methods required to remove the stellar and telluric lines also distort the underlying exoplanet's signal and therefore the forward model must be pre-processed to match this filtering. This was the key remaining limitation in our previously published framework. This paper directly addresses this by introducing a simple and fast model-filtering technique that can replicate the processing performed by algorithms such as SysRem and PCA. This enables retrievals to be performed without having to perform expensive injection and pre-processing steps for every model. We show that we can reliably constrain quantitative measures of the atmosphere from transmission spectra including the temperature-pressure profile, relative abundances, planetary velocities and rotational broadening parameters. Finally, we demonstrate our framework using UVES transmission spectroscopy of WASP-121b. We constrain the temperature-pressure profile and relative abundances of Fe, Cr, and V to be $\log_{10}(χ_{\rm Fe}/χ_{\rm Cr})$=1.66$\pm$0.28, $\log_{10}(χ_{\rm Fe}/χ_{\rm V})$=3.78$\pm$0.29 and $\log_{10}(χ_{\rm Fe}/χ_{\rm Mg})$=-1.26$\pm$0.60. The relative abundances are consistent with solar values, with the exception of Fe/Mg, where the large Mg abundance is probably explained by the escaping atmosphere of WASP-121b that is not accounted for in our atmospheric model.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 22 pages, 14 figures
Optimal transport from Lebesgue to Poisson
Creators: name: Huesmann, Martin
name: Sturm, Karl-Theodor
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Probability (math.PR)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: This paper is devoted to the study of couplings of the Lebesgue measure and the Poisson point process. We prove existence and uniqueness of an optimal coupling whenever the asymptotic mean transportation cost is finite. Moreover, we give precise conditions for the latter which demonstrate a sharp threshold at d=2. The cost will be defined in terms of an arbitrary increasing function of the distance. The coupling will be realized by means of a transport map ("allocation map") which assigns to each Poisson point a set ("cell") of Lebesgue measure 1. In the case of quadratic costs, all these cells will be convex polytopes.
description: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/12-AOP814 the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org)
Explainable Human-Robot Training and Cooperation with Augmented Reality
Creators: name: Wang, Chao
name: Belardinelli, Anna
name: Hasler, Stephan
name: Stouraitis, Theodoros
name: Tanneberg, Daniel
name: Gienger, Michael
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The current spread of social and assistive robotics applications is increasingly highlighting the need for robots that can be easily taught and interacted with, even by users with no technical background. Still, it is often difficult to grasp what such robots know or to assess if a correct representation of the task is being formed. Augmented Reality (AR) has the potential to bridge this gap. We demonstrate three use cases where AR design elements enhance the explainability and efficiency of human-robot interaction: 1) a human teaching a robot some simple kitchen tasks by demonstration, 2) the robot showing its plan for solving novel tasks in AR to a human for validation, and 3) a robot communicating its intentions via AR while assisting people with limited mobility during daily activities.
Prevention of type 1 diabetes by carbamazepine in non-obese diabetic mice
Creators: name: Lee, Jason Tsz Chun
Publisher: name: University of British Columbia
Year: 2017

description: Pancreatic β cells are selectively destroyed by the host immune system in type 1 diabetes, which results in the inability to regulate glucose homeostasis due to loss of insulin production capacity. Drugs that preserve β cell mass and function therefore have the potential to prevent or slow the progression of this disease. It was recently reported by our group that the use-dependent sodium channel blocker, carbamazepine, protects pancreatic β cells from inflammatory cytokines in vitro. Subsequent experiments found carbamazepine increased insulin gene expression, which corroborated with an increase in insulin content in islets from mice lacking the Nav1.7 voltage gated sodium channel, which was shown to be a target of carbamazepine in β cells. While these in vitro results were promising, it was unclear whether carbamazepine would protect β cells in vivo against a complete immune system. Therefore, we tested the effects of oral treatment in female non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice, achieving serum carbamazepine levels of 14.98 ± 3.19 μM. Remarkably, diabetes incidence over 25 weeks was ~50% lower in carbamazepine treated animals. Partial protection from diabetes in carbamazepine-fed NOD mice was also associated with improved glucose tolerance at 6 weeks of age, prior to the onset of diabetes in our colony. Insulitis was improved in carbamazepine treated NOD mice at 6 weeks of age, but we did not observe differences in CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cell composition in the pancreatic lymph node, as well as circulating markers of inflammation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that carbamazepine reduces the development of type 1 diabetes in NOD mice.
IL-13Rα2-bearing, type II NKT cells reactive to sulfatide self-antigen populate the mucosa of ulcerative colitis
Creators: name: Fuss, I. J.
name: Joshi, B.
name: Degheidy, H.
name: Fichtner-Feigl, Stefan
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Objective: Previous studies have shown that ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with the presence of lamina propria non-invariant (Type II) NKT cells producing IL-13 and mediating epithelial cell cytotoxicity. Here we sought to define the antigen(s) stimulating the NKT cells and to quantitate these cells in the UC lamina propria. Design: Detection of Type II NKT cells in UC lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) with lyso-sulfatide loaded tetramer and quantum dot-based flow cytometry and staining. Culture of UC LPMCs with lyso-sulfatide glycolipid to determine sulfatide induction of epithelial cell cytotoxicity, IL-13 production and IL-13Rα2 expression. Blinded quantum dot-based phenotypic analysis to assess UC LPMC expression of IL-13Rα2, CD161 and IL-13. Results: Approximately 36% of UC LPMC were lyso-sulfatide tetramer positive, whereas few, if any, control LPMCs were positive. When tested, the positive cells were also CD3 and IL-13Rα2 positive. Culture of UC LPMC with lyso-sulfatide glycolipid showed that sulfatide stimulates UC LPMC production of IL-13 and induces UC CD161 LPMC-mediated cytotoxicity of activated epithelial cells; additionally, lyso-sulfatide induces enhanced expression of IL-13Rα2. Finally, blinded phenotypic analysis of UC LP MC using multicolour quantum dot-staining technology showed that approximately 60% of the LPMC bear both IL-13Rα2 and CD161 and most of these cells also produce IL-13. Conclusions: These studies show that UC lamina propria is replete with Type II NKT cells responsive to lyso-sulfatide glycolipid and bearing IL-13Rα2. Since lyso-sulfatide is a self-antigen, these data suggest that an autoimmune response is involved in UC pathogenesis.
Origin of magnetically dead layers in spinel ferrites $M\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_4$ grown on $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$: Effects of post-deposition annealing studied by XMCD
Creators: name: Nonaka, Yosuke
name: Wakabayashi, Yuki K.
name: Shibata, Goro
name: Sakamoto, Shoya
name: Ikeda, Keisuke
name: Chi, Zhendong
name: Wan, Yuxuan
name: Suzuki, Masahiro
name: Tanaka, Arata
name: Tanaka, Masaaki
name: Fujimori, Atsushi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the electronic and magnetic states of as-grown and annealed $M\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_4$(111)/$\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$(111) ($M=\text{Co, Ni}$) thin films with various thicknesses grown on Si(111) substrates with the $γ$-$\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$(111) buffer layers by using x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), to investigate magnetically dead layers in these films. Although the magnetically dead layers in the as-grown samples are formed near the interface with the $\text{Al}_2\text{O}_3$ buffer layer, we reveal that ferrimagnetic order is partially recovered by post-deposition annealing at 973 K for 48 hours in air. By analyzing the line shapes of the XAS and XMCD spectra, we conclude that, in the dead layers, there are a significant number of vacancies at the $T_d$ sites of the spinel structure, which may be the microscopic origin of the degraded ferrimagnetic order in the $M\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_4$(111) thin films.
description: 20 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables
BASS XXXI: Outflow scaling relations in low redshift X-ray AGN host galaxies with MUSE
Creators: name: Kakkad, D.
name: Sani, E.
name: Rojas, A. F.
name: Mallmann, Nicolas D.
name: Veilleux, S.
name: Bauer, Franz E.
name: Ricci, F.
name: Mushotsky, R.
name: Koss, M.
name: Ricci, C.
name: Treister, E.
name: Privon, George C.
name: Nguyen, N.
name: Bär, R.
name: Harrison, F.
name: Oh, K.
name: Powell, M.
name: Riffel, R.
name: Stern, D.
name: Trakhtenbrot, B.
name: Urry, C. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ionised gas kinematics provide crucial evidence of the impact that active galactic nuclei (AGN) have in regulating star formation in their host galaxies. Although the presence of outflows in AGN host galaxies has been firmly established, the calculation of outflow properties such as mass outflow rates and kinetic energy remains challenging. We present the [OIII]5007 ionised gas outflow properties of 22 z$
description: Main paper: 20 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Natriuretic peptides for the detection of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Creators: name: Seegers, Joachim
name: Zabel, Markus
name: Grüter, T.
name: Ammermann, A.
name: ,, et al.
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: 610 Medizin

description: Background and purpose: Silent atrial fibrillation (AF) and tachycardia (AT) are considered precursors of ischaemic stroke. Therefore, detection of paroxysmal atrial rhythm disorders is highly relevant, but is clinically challenging. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of natriuretic peptide levels in the detection of paroxysmal AT/AF in a pilot study. Methods: Natriuretic peptide levels were analysed in two independent patient cohorts (162 patients with arterial hypertension or other cardiovascular risk factors and 82 patients with retinal vessel disease). N-terminal-pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and BNP were measured before the start of a 7-day Holter monitoring period carefully screened for AT/AF. Results: 244 patients were included; 16 had paroxysmal AT/AF. After excluding patients with a history of AT/AF (n=5), 14 patients had newly diagnosed AT/AF (5.8%) NT-proBNP and BNP levels were higher in patients with paroxysmal AT/AF in both cohorts: (1) 154.4 (IQR 41.7; 303.6) versus 52.8 (30.4; 178.0) pg/mL and 70.0 (31.9; 142.4) versus 43.9 (16.3; 95.2) and (2) 216.9 (201.4; 277.1) versus 90.8 (42.3–141.7) and 96.0 (54.7; 108.2) versus 29.1 (12.0; 58.1). For the detection of AT/AF episodes, NT-proBNP and BNP had an area under the curve in receiver operating characteristic analysis of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.88; p=0.002) and 0.75 (0.61 to 0.89; p=0.004), respectively. Conclusions: NT-proBNP and BNP levels are elevated in patients with silent AT/AF as compared with sinus rhythm. Thus, screening for undiagnosed paroxysmal AF using natriuretic peptide level initiated Holter monitoring may be a useful strategy in prevention of stroke or systemic embolism.
Discovery of 74 new bright ZZ Ceti stars in the first three years of TESS
Creators: name: Romero, A. D.
name: Kepler, S. O.
name: Hermes, J. J.
name: Amaral, Larissa Antunes
name: Uzundag, Murat
name: Bognár, Zsófia
name: Bell, Keaton J.
name: VanWyngarden, Madison
name: Baran, Andy
name: Pelisoli, Ingrid
name: Oliveira, Gabriela da Rosa
name: Koester, Detlev
name: Klippel, T. S.
name: Fraga, Luciano
name: Bradley, Paul A.
name: Vučković, Maja
name: Heintz, Tyler M.
name: Reding, Joshua S.
name: Kaiser, B. C.
name: Charpinet, Stéphane
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We report the discovery of 74 new pulsating DA white dwarf stars, or ZZ Cetis, from the data obtained by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, from Sectors 1 to 39, corresponding to the first 3 cycles. This includes objects from the Southern Hemisphere (Sectors 1-13 and 27-39) and the Northern Hemisphere (Sectors 14-26), observed with 120 s- and 20 s-cadence. Our sample likely includes 13 low-mass and one extremely low-mass white dwarf candidate, considering the mass determinations from fitting Gaia magnitudes and parallax. In addition, we present follow-up time series photometry from ground-based telescopes for 11 objects, which allowed us to detect a larger number of periods. For each object, we analysed the period spectra and performed an asteroseismological analysis, and we estimate the structure parameters of the sample, i.e., stellar mass, effective temperature and hydrogen envelope mass. We estimate a mean asteroseismological mass of _~ 0.635 +/-0.015 Msun, excluding the candidate low or extremely-low mass objects. This value is in agreement with the mean mass using estimates from Gaia data, which is ~ 0.631 +/- 0.040 Msun, and with the mean mass of previously known ZZ Cetis of = 0.644 +/-0.034 Msun. Our sample of 74 new bright ZZ~Cetis increases the number of known ZZ~Cetis by $\sim$20 per cent.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov critical polarization in one-dimensional fermionic optical lattices
Creators: name: França, Vivian V.
name: Hördlein, Dominik
name: Buchleitner, Andreas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Superconductivity (cond-mat.supr-con)
subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We deduce an expression for the critical polarization P_C below which the FFLO-state emerges in one-dimensional lattices with spin-imbalanced populations. We provide and explore the phase diagram of unconfined chains as a function of polarization, interaction and particle density. For harmonically confined systems we supply a quantitative mapping which allows to apply our phase diagram also for confined chains. We find analytically, and confirm numerically, that the upper bound for the critical polarization is universal: P_C^{max}=1/3 for any density, interaction and confinement strength.
description: Accepted by Physical Review A
Bond formation insights into the Diels-Alder reaction: A bond perception and self-interaction perspective
Creators: name: Schulze, Wanja Timm
name: Schwalbe, Sebastian
name: Trepte, Kai
name: Croy, Alexander
name: Kortus, Jens
name: Gräfe, Stefanie
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The behavior of electrons during bond formation and breaking cannot commonly be accessed from experiments. Thus, bond perception is often based on chemical intuition or rule-based algorithms. Utilizing computational chemistry methods, we present intrinsic bond descriptors for the Diels-Alder reaction, allowing for an automatic bond perception. We show that these bond descriptors are available from localized orbitals and self-interaction correction calculations, e.g., from Fermi-orbital descriptors. The proposed descriptors allow a sparse, simple, and educational inspection of the Diels-Alder reaction from an electronic perspective. We demonstrate that bond descriptors deliver a simple visual representation of the concerted bond formation and bond breaking, which agrees with Lewis' theory of bonding.
description: 10 pages, 7 figures, supplementary material can be found under ancillary files
The Real-Rootedness and Log-concavities of Coordinator Polynomials of Weyl Group Lattices
Creators: name: Wang, David G. L.
name: Zhao, Tongyuan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2011
Subjects: subject: Combinatorics (math.CO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 65H04

description: It is well-known that the coordinator polynomials of the classical root lattice of type $A_n$ and those of type $C_n$ are real-rooted. They can be obtained, either by the Aissen-Schoenberg-Whitney theorem, or from their recurrence relations. In this paper, we develop a trigonometric substitution approach which can be used to establish the real-rootedness of coordinator polynomials of type $D_n$. We also find the coordinator polynomials of type $B_n$ are not real-rooted in general. As a conclusion, we obtain that all coordinator polynomials of Weyl group lattices are log-concave.
description: 8 pages
Exact spatial correlations in single-file diffusion
Creators: name: Grabsch, Aurélien
name: Rizkallah, Pierre
name: Poncet, Alexis
name: Illien, Pierre
name: Bénichou, Olivier
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Single-file diffusion refers to the motion of diffusive particles in narrow channels, so that they cannot bypass each other. This constraint leads to the subdiffusion of a tagged particle, called the tracer. This anomalous behaviour results from the strong correlations that arise in this geometry between the tracer and the surrounding bath particles. Despite their importance, these bath-tracer correlations have long remained elusive, because their determination is a complex many-body problem. Recently, we have shown that, for several paradigmatic models of single-file diffusion such as the Simple Exclusion Process, these bath-tracer correlations obey a simple exact closed equation. In this paper, we provide the full derivation of this equation, as well as an extension to another model of single-file transport: the double exclusion process. We also make the connection between our results and the ones obtained very recently by several other groups, and which rely on the exact solution of different models obtained by the inverse scattering method.
description: 32 pages, 9 figures
p-adic Differential Operators on Automorphic Forms on Unitary Groups
Creators: name: Eischen, Ellen E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: Number Theory (math.NT)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: The goal of this paper is to study certain p-adic differential operators on automorphic forms on U(n,n). These operators are a generalization to the higher-dimensional, vector-valued situation of the p-adic differential operators constructed for Hilbert modular forms by N. Katz. They are a generalization to the p-adic case of the C^{\infty}-differential operators first studied by H. Maass and later studied extensively by M. Harris and G. Shimura. The operators should be useful in the construction of certain p-adic L-functions attached to p-adic families of automorphic forms on the unitary groups U(n) x U(n).
Optical and NIR data and modelling of nova V5668 Sgr
Creators: name: Takeda, L.
name: Diaz, M.
name: Campbell, R. D.
name: Lyke, J. E.
name: Lawrence, S. S.
name: Linford, J. D.
name: Sokolovsky, K. V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present HST optical images, Keck-OSIRIS NIR IFS data cubes and Keck-NIRC2 NIR images of nova V5668 Sgr from 2016 to 2019. The observations indicate enhanced emission at the polar caps and equatorial torus for low ionization lines, and enhanced high ionization emission lines only at the polar caps. The radial velocities are compatible with a homogeneous expansion velocity of v=590 km s$^{-1}$ and a system inclination angle of 24$^o$. These values were used to estimate an expansion parallax distance of 1200 $\pm$ 400 pc. The NIRC2 data indicate the presence of dust in 2016 and 2017, but no dust emission could be detected in 2019. The observational data were used for assembling 3D photoionization models of the ejecta. The model results indicate that the central source has a temperature of $1.88\times10^{5}$ K and a luminosity of $1.6\times10^{35}$ erg s$^{-1}$ in August of 2017 (2.4 years post eruption), and that the shell has a mass of $6.3\times10^{-5}$ M$_{\odot}$. The models also suggest an anisotropy of the ionizing flux, possibly by the contribution from a luminous accretion disc.
Hypothetical thinking and the winner's curse: An experimental investigation
Creators: name: Moser, Johannes
Publisher: name: Universität Regensburg
Year: 2017
Subjects: subject: Hypothetical thinking, cursed equilibrium, winner's curse
subject: 330 Wirtschaft
subject: D03
subject: D44
subject: D82
subject: D83
subject: C91

description: There is evidence that bidders fall prey to the winner's curse because they fail to extract information from hypothetical events - like winning an auction. This paper investigates experimentally whether bidders in a common value auction perform better when the requirements for this cognitive issue - also denoted by contingent reasoning - are relaxed, leaving all other parameters unchanged. The overall pattern of the data suggests that the problem of irrational over- and underbidding can be weakened by giving the subjects ex ante feedback about their bid, but unlike related studies I also find negative effects of additional information.
Limiting FCNC induced by a CP symmetry of order 4
Creators: name: Zhao, Duanyang
name: Ivanov, Igor P.
name: Pasechnik, Roman
name: Zhang, Pengming
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: CP4 3HDM is a three-Higgs-doublet model based on the $CP$ symmetry of order 4 (CP4). Imposing CP4 leads to remarkable connections between the scalar and Yukawa sectors and unavoidably generates tree-level flavor-changing neutral couplings (FCNC). It remains unclear whether FCNC can be sufficiently suppressed in the CP4 3HDM. In this paper, we systematically explore this issue. We first develop an efficient scanning procedure which takes the quark masses and mixing as input and expresses the FCNC matrices in terms of physical quark observables and quark rotation parameters. This procedure allows us to explore the FCNC effects for all the Yukawa sectors possible within the CP4 3HDM. We find that, out of the eight possible CP4 Yukawa sectors, only two scenarios are compatible with the $K$, $B$, $B_s$ and, in particular, $D$-meson oscillation constraints. The results of this work serve as clear guidelines for future phenomenological scans of the model.
description: 1+35 pages, 11 figures; v2: figures updated, clarifications added, matches the published version
JAX-COSMO: An End-to-End Differentiable and GPU Accelerated Cosmology Library
Creators: name: Campagne, Jean-Eric
name: Lanusse, François
name: Zuntz, Joe
name: Boucaud, Alexandre
name: Casas, Santiago
name: Karamanis, Minas
name: Kirkby, David
name: Lanzieri, Denise
name: Li, Yin
name: Peel, Austin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present jax-cosmo, a library for automatically differentiable cosmological theory calculations. It uses the JAX library, which has created a new coding ecosystem, especially in probabilistic programming. As well as batch acceleration, just-in-time compilation, and automatic optimization of code for different hardware modalities (CPU, GPU, TPU), JAX exposes an automatic differentiation (autodiff) mechanism. Thanks to autodiff, jax-cosmo gives access to the derivatives of cosmological likelihoods with respect to any of their parameters, and thus enables a range of powerful Bayesian inference algorithms, otherwise impractical in cosmology, such as Hamiltonian Monte Carlo and Variational Inference. In its initial release, jax-cosmo implements background evolution, linear and non-linear power spectra (using halofit or the Eisenstein and Hu transfer function), as well as angular power spectra with the Limber approximation for galaxy and weak lensing probes, all differentiable with respect to the cosmological parameters and their other inputs. We illustrate how autodiff can be a game-changer for common tasks involving Fisher matrix computations, or full posterior inference with gradient-based techniques. In particular, we show how Fisher matrices are now fast, exact, no longer require any fine tuning, and are themselves differentiable. Finally, using a Dark Energy Survey Year 1 3x2pt analysis as a benchmark, we demonstrate how jax-cosmo can be combined with Probabilistic Programming Languages to perform posterior inference with state-of-the-art algorithms including a No U-Turn Sampler, Automatic Differentiation Variational Inference,and Neural Transport HMC. We further demonstrate that Normalizing Flows using Neural Transport are a promising methodology for model validation in the early stages of analysis.
No-Ghost Theorem for Neveu-Schwarz String in 0-Picture
Creators: name: Kohriki, Maiko
name: Kunitomo, Hiroshi
name: Murata, Masaki
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2010
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The no-ghost theorem for Neveu-Schwarz string is directly proved in 0-picture. The one-to-one correspondence between physical states in 0-picture and those in the conventional (-1)-picture are confirmed. It is shown that a non-trivial metric consistent with the BRST cohomology is needed to define a positive semi-definite norm in the physical Hilbert space. As a by-product, we find a new inverse picture changing operator, which is non-covariant but has non-singular operator product with itself. A possibility to construct a new gauge invariant superstring field theory is discussed.
description: 18 pages, v2:typos corrected, v3:published version, v4:typos corrected
Modelling annual scintillation arc variations in PSR J1643-1224 using the Large European Array for Pulsars
Creators: name: Mall, G.
name: Main, R. A.
name: Antoniadis, J.
name: Bassa, C. G.
name: Burgay, M.
name: Chen, S.
name: Cognard, I.
name: Concu, R.
name: Corongiu, A.
name: Gaikwad, M.
name: Hu, H.
name: Janssen, G. H.
name: Karuppusamy, R.
name: Lee, K. J.
name: Liu, K.
name: McKee, J. W.
name: Melis, A.
name: Mickaliger, M. B.
name: Perrodin, D.
name: Pilia, M.
name: Possenti, A.
name: Reardon, D. J.
name: Sanidas, S. A.
name: Sprenger, T.
name: Stappers, B. W.
name: Wang, L.
name: Wucknitz, O.
name: Zhu, W. W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this work we study variations in the parabolic scintillation arcs of the binary millisecond pulsar PSR J1643-1224 over five years using the Large European Array for Pulsars (LEAP). The 2D power spectrum of scintillation, called the secondary spectrum, often shows a parabolic distribution of power, where the arc curvature encodes the relative velocities and distances of the pulsar, ionised interstellar medium (IISM), and Earth. We observe a clear parabolic scintillation arc which varies in curvature throughout the year. The distribution of power in the secondary spectra are inconsistent with a single scattering screen which is fully 1D, or entirely isotropic. We fit the observed arc curvature variations with two models; an isotropic scattering screen, and a model with two independent 1D screens. We measure the distance to the scattering screen to be in the range 114-223 pc, depending on the model, consistent with the known distance of the foreground large-diameter HII region Sh 2-27 (112+/-17 pc), suggesting that it is the dominant source of scattering. We obtain only weak constraints on the pulsar's orbital inclination and angle of periastron, since the scintillation pattern is not very sensitive to the pulsar's motion, since the screen is much closer to the Earth than the pulsar. More measurements of this kind - where scattering screens can be associated with foreground objects - will help to inform the origins and distribution of scattering screens within our galaxy.
description: 11 pages, 6 figures. Accepted by MNRAS
Helium escape signatures are generally strongest during younger ages but this age dependence is lost in the diversity of observed exoplanets
Creators: name: Allan, Andrew P.
name: Vidotto, Aline A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Highly irradiated exoplanets undergo extreme hydrodynamic atmospheric escape, due to their high level of received XUV flux. Over their lifetime, this escape varies significantly, making evolution studies essential for interpreting the growing number of observations of escaping planetary atmospheres. In a previous work, we modelled this evolving escape, alongside one of its observable tracers, the helium triplet transit signature at 1083nm. Using hydrodynamic and ray-tracing models, we demonstrated that atmospheric escape and the corresponding He 1083nm signature are stronger at younger ages, for a 0.3$~M_\text{J}$ gas-giant. Yet, the current literature includes several young (<1Gyr) planets with weak or non-detections in He 1083nm. To understand this apparent discrepancy, we now perform detailed modelling for many of these systems. The resulting He 1083nm predictions align relatively well with the observations. From our two studies, we conclude that for any given planet, stronger atmospheric escape during younger ages produces deeper He 1083nm absorption. However, for a population of exoplanets, the relation between younger ages and stronger He absorptions is lost to the broad diversity of their various other system parameters. Accordingly, for the current sample of young, 1083nm-observed exoplanets, alternative trends take precedence. One such trend is that planets with deeper geometrical transits exhibit more favourable detections. Our modelling also agrees with the strong empirical trend in the literature between $ EW \cdot R_{*}^{2}$ and $F_{\text{xuv}} \cdot R_{\text{pl}}^2 / Φ_{g}$. Additionally, we show that the coupling between the lower and upper atmospheres is necessary for a robust prediction of the 1083nm signature.
description: 14 pages, 8 figures (includes 3 in the appendix), 6 tables (2 in appendix). Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Main Journal
The vertical shear instability in poorly ionised, magnetized protoplanetary discs
Creators: name: Latter, Henrik N.
name: Kunz, Matthew W.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Protoplanetary discs should exhibit a weak vertical variation in their rotation profiles. Typically this `vertical shear' issues from a baroclinic effect driven by the central star's radiation field, but it might also arise during the launching of a magnetocentrifugal wind. As a consequence, protoplanetary discs are subject to a hydrodynamical instability, the `vertical shear instability' (VSI), whose breakdown into turbulence could transport a moderate amount of angular momentum and facilitate, or interfere with, the process of planet formation. Magnetic fields may suppress the VSI, however, either directly via magnetic tension or indirectly through magnetorotational turbulence. On the other hand, protoplanetary discs exhibit notoriously low ionisation fractions, and non-ideal effects, if sufficiently dominant, may come to the VSI's rescue. In this paper we develop a local linear theory that explores how non-ideal MHD influences the VSI, while also launching additional diffusive shear instabilities. We derive a set of analytical criteria that establish when the VSI prevails, and then show how it can be applied to a realistic global model of a protoplanetary disc. Our calculations suggest that within ~10au the VSI should have little trouble emerging in the main body of the disk, but beyond that, and in the upper regions of the disc, its onset depends sensitively on the size of the preponderant dust grains.
description: 21 pages, 5 figures. MNRAS accepted
Alignment and Rotational Disruption of Dust Grains in the Galactic Centre Revealed by Polarized Dust Emission
Creators: name: Akshaya, M. S.
name: Hoang, Thiem
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the alignment and rotational disruption of dust grains at the centre of our Galaxy using polarized thermal dust emission observed by SOFIA/HAWC+ and JCMT/SCUPOL at 53, 216, and 850 $μ$m. We analyzed the relationship between the observed polarization degree with total emission intensity, dust temperature, gas column density, and polarization angle dispersion. Polarization degree from this region follows the predictions of the RAdiative Torque (RAT) alignment theory, except at high temperatures and long wavelengths where we found evidence for the rotational disruption of grains as predicted by the RAdiative Torque Disruption mechanism. The grain alignment and disruption sizes were found to be around 0.1 $μ$m and 1 $μ$m, respectively. The maximum polarization degree observed was around $p\sim13$% at 216 $μ$m and comes from a region of high dust temperature, low column density, and ordered magnetic field. Magnetically Enhanced RAT alignment (MRAT) was found to be important for grain alignment due to the presence of a strong magnetic field and can induce perfect alignment even when grains contain small iron clusters. We estimated the mass fraction of aligned grains using a parametric model for the fraction of the grains at high-$J$ attractors and found it to correlate weakly with the observed polarization degree. We observe a change in the polarization ratio, from $p_{216μm}/p_{850μm}<1$ to $p_{216μm}/p_{850μm}>1$ at $T_{\rm d}\gtrsim35$ K, which suggests a change in the grain model from a composite to a separate population of carbon and silicate grains as implied by previous numerical modeling.
description: 20 pages, 22 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Planetary Nebula Luminosity Function distances for 19 galaxies observed by PHANGS-MUSE
Creators: name: Scheuermann, Fabian
name: Kreckel, Kathryn
name: Anand, Gagandeep S.
name: Blanc, Guillermo A.
name: Congiu, Enrico
name: Santoro, Francesco
name: Van Dyk, Schuyler D.
name: Barnes, Ashley T.
name: Bigiel, Frank
name: Glover, Simon C. O.
name: Groves, Brent
name: Klessen, Ralf S.
name: Kruijssen, J. M. Diederik
name: Rosolowsky, Erik
name: Schinnerer, Eva
name: Schruba, Andreas
name: Watkins, Elizabeth J.
name: Williams, Thomas G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We provide new planetary nebula luminosity function (PNLF) distances to 19 nearby spiral galaxies that were observed with VLT/MUSE by the PHANGS collaboration. Emission line ratios are used to separate planetary nebulae (PNe) from other bright [OIII] emitting sources like compact supernovae remnants (SNRs) or HII regions. While many studies have used narrowband imaging for this purpose, the detailed spectral line information provided by integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy grants a more robust way of categorising different [OIII] emitters. We investigate the effects of SNR contamination on the PNLF and find that we would fail to classify all objects correctly, when limited to the same data narrowband imaging provides. However, the few misclassified objects usually do not fall on the bright end of the luminosity function, and only in three cases does the distance change by more than $1σ$. We find generally good agreement with literature values from other methods. Using metallicity constraints that have also been derived from the same IFU data, we revisit the PNLF zero point calibration. Over a range of $8.34 < 12 + \log(\mathrm{O}/\mathrm{H}) < 8.59$, our sample is consistent with a constant zero point and yields $M^*=-4.542^{+0.103}_{-0.059}\, \mathrm{mag}$, within $1σ$ of other literature values. MUSE pushes the limits of PNLF studies and makes galaxies beyond $20\, \mathrm{Mpc}$ accessible for this kind of analysis. This approach to the PNLF shows great promise for leveraging existing archival IFU data on nearby galaxies.
description: 23 pages, 31 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS