cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Tringa squatarola Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Scolopacidae
Tringa
Tringa squatarola

description: Tringa squatarola [spec. nov.]
T. rostro nigro, pedibus virescentibus, corpore griseo subtus albido. Fn. svec. 155.
Pluvialis cinerea. Raj. av. 111. Alb. av. 1. p. 72. t. 76.
Habitat in Europa.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 149, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Bound states in the continuum and Fano resonances in the strong mode coupling regime
Creators: name: Bogdanov, A. A.
name: Koshelev, K. L.
name: Kapitanova, P. V.
name: Rybin, M. V.
name: Gladyshev, S. A.
name: Sadrieva, Z. F.
name: Samusev, K. B.
name: Kivshar, Yu. S.
name: Limonov, M. F.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The study of resonant dielectric nanostructures with high refractive index is a new research direction in nanoscale optics and metamaterial-inspired nanophotonics. Because of the unique optically-induced electric and magnetic Mie resonances, high-index nanoscale structures are expected to complement or even replace different plasmonic components in a range of potential applications. Here we study strong coupling between modes of a single subwavelength high-index dielectric resonator and analyse the mode transformation and Fano resonances when resonator's aspect ratio varies. We demonstrate that strong mode coupling results in resonances with high quality factors, which are related to the physics of bound states in the continuum when the radiative losses are almost suppressed due to the Friedrich-Wintgen scenario of destructive interference. We explain the physics of these states in terms of multipole decomposition and show that their appearance is accompanied by drastic change of the far-field radiation pattern. We reveal a fundamental link between the formation of the high-quality resonances and peculiarities of the Fano parameter in the scattering cross-section spectra. Our theoretical findings are confirmed by microwave experiments for the scattering of a high-index cylindrical resonators with a tunable aspect ratio. The proposed mechanism of the strong mode coupling in single subwavelength high-index resonators accompanied by resonances with high quality factor helps to extend substantially functionalities of all-dielectric nanophotonics that opens new horizons for active and passive nanoscale metadevices.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, Supplementary Information
Hybrid methods for molecular spectroscopy and reactivity
Creators: name: Fare, Clyde
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2017

description: In this thesis a variety of different studies are undertaken coupled together through ap- plication of the hybrid method ONIOM to compute reaction energies, barrier heights and vibrational modes of molecules. ONIOM is a means to combine multiple levels of theory such that different regions of a molecular system are treated with different levels of accuracy enabling computation on large molecular systems with complex environments at an accuracy that would be impossible using a single level of theory. The price of ONIOM is a requirement for computational chemists to specify regions of interest, and in the case of biomolecules where forcefields are typically used to treat the environment to choose suitably parameterised forcefield. My initial investigations focused on means to automate this process hence allow ONIOM to be used within high throughput studies to compute properties of populations of molecules. Toward this end I present an API allowing construction and execution of ONIOM calculations including parameterisation for biomolecular simulation which both improves providence in computational chemical research and enables high throughput calculations. Following this I investigate ONIOM applied to graphitic fragments first examining a 1,3 dipolar cycloaddition then in order to address the question of how to choose model regions within these extended delocalised systems I examine whether systematic fragmentation and use of very cheap computational metrics can allow automatic model selection within a test hydrogenation reaction. I then turn to an alternative means of computing the effect of the environment: machine learning and perform a small machine study on solvation of a series of 6095 constitutional isomers examining whether both the implicit solvation method PCM and an explicit model of solvation making use of ONIOM can be learned use the machine learning algorithm Kernel Ridge Regression. Finally in the last part of my thesis I perform an experimental time resolved spectroscopic study of the photoactive protein EOSFP examining the photo induced changes that occur both during and after exposure to the 405nm light which drives photoconversion in this protein and make use ONIOM to compute vibrational modes that aid assignment of vibrational spectra.
RADON IN SOIL GAS VARIATION ON PECHERSK POLYGON IN KIEV
Creators: name: Mykhailo, Buzynnyy
name: Didenko Petro
name: Makarenko Mykola
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2010
Subjects: radon
soil gas
weather condition
pressure
temperature
humidity
LSC
Quantulus 1220TM

description: 18 Month long (February 2009 to August 2010) radon in soil gas measurement in Kyiv city.
The cyclotron emission of anisotropic electrons in the X-ray pulsars
Creators: name: Baushev, A. N.
name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The spectrum of cyclotron radiation is calculated for anisotropically distributed relativistic electrons with a nonrelativistic velocity scattering across the magnetic field. It is shown that if such electrons are responsible for a formation of the "cyclotron" line in the spectrum of Her X-1, then the value of its magnetic field $(3-6)\cdot 10^{10}$ Gs resulting from this interpretation is in a good agreement with some other observations and theoretical estimations. Observations of a time dependence of the energy of this "cyclotron" line in the spectra of several X-ray pulsars is explained by a variability of the average longitude energy of the electrons, decreasing with increasing liminocity due to radiational braking of the accretion flow.
description: 7 pages,3 figures
Attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy in atomic species
Creators: name: Simpson, Emma
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: When high intensity laser light is focused into a gaseous target, high energy photons can be produced through the strongly nonlinear effect of high order harmonic generation. For a 30 fs, 800 nm or 1400 nm wavelength laser pulse, the result is a train of attosecond pulses produced at odd harmonic frequencies of the driving laser field, spanning energy ranges into the 100s eV. These attosecond pulses can access timescales characteristic to the movement of electrons in atoms, and by exploiting their properties as an ultrafast probe, electron dynamics in evolving atomic systems can be observed. This thesis presents the development of a pump-probe beamline capable of performing transient absorption spectroscopy experiments with resolution better than 150 as. Accompanying a full description of the experimental setup and methods, investigations are made into the attosecond transient absorption from strong field dressed helium and krypton atoms around their first ionisation edge, and 3d ionisation edge respectively. The result of the delay dependent transient absorption measurement is modulations to the recorded absorption amplitude for the harmonic orders around the respective ionisation thresholds. We investigated intensity regimes with an 800 nm laser field approaching the strong field ionisation threshold in helium. Experimental results are presented considering first the response of strong field dressed helium using an 800 nm laser field, and second the response of strong field dressed helium and krypton using a 1400 nm laser field. The use of the longer 1400 nm wavelength allows access to higher energy probe harmonics, enabling laser dressed krypton core to continuum, and core to Rydberg state transitions to be studied. By comparing the effect to the delay dependent absorption modulation as additional parameters are varied, information can be gained about the behaviour of the electrons. The parameters studied as a function of delay include: the dressing field intensity, target backing pressure and dressing field relative linear polarisation, aligned both parallel and perpendicular with respect to the probing harmonic pulse train. Key results include a strong suppression of the modulation amplitude for the above ionisation threshold harmonic orders when the dressing field linear polarisation is changed from parallel to perpendicular in the helium target. This is reproduced at both 800 nm and 1400 nm driving wavelengths.
MPEC 2025-D181 : 2025 DC7
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2025
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2025 DC7

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Additional file 1: of Phage spanins: diversity, topological dynamics and gene convergence
Creators: name: Rohit Kongari
name: Rajaure, Manoj
name: Cahill, Jesse
name: Rasche, Eric
name: Mijalis, Eleni
name: Berry, Joel
name: Ry Young
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences
subject: 60506 Virology

description: Figure S1. Flowchart showing the manual search protocol to identify potential spanin candidates from genomes of phages infecting Gram-negative hosts. All the corrected CDS collected from the phage genome were run through TMHMM 2.0 and LipoP 1.0 with default parameters. Any CDS from the output with an N-terminal TMD or a C-terminal TMD or an N-terminal lipoylation signal sequence were further investigated as described. This manual search was supplemented by the automated FindSpanin workflow on the CPT Galaxy instance [32]. Once a spanin candidate was confirmed and curated, it was added to the online SpaninDB [33] and served as a query to find other potential candidates using BLAST. (PDF 77 kb)
Enhancing response time and reliability via speculative replication and redundancy
Creators: name: Qiu, Zhan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: Modern computer systems, such as cloud or server farms, have been widely deployed to provide cost-effective and high-performance services. However, with the increasing scale and complexity, it is not a trivial task to achieve high reliability and consistently low response times. To address these issues, concurrent request replication has emerged as an effective mechanism to achieve these goals. With replication, r ≥ 1 replicas of each request are spawned simultaneously, and the results of the first k (1 ≤ k ≤ r) replicas to complete are used. Replication can thus handle unpredictable failures and delays due to exceptional conditions, unless they occur to all replicas simultaneously. The main risk of replication is that it may negatively impact latency since it introduces extra load into the system. In this thesis we aim to capture the trade-off between these two conflicting effects of replication. We first focus on the k = 1 case, i.e., the system replies with the result from whichever replica completes successfully first. We investigate how replication can be used to exploit processing time variability to reduce response times. Next, we investigate the k = r configuration, a case known as fork-join queues, where each arriving job is split into r tasks, each of which is assigned to one of r parallel processors. The key difference with the k = 1 case is that the final result can only be delivered once all the tasks have been completed. In the last part, we generalize the analysis to systems that implement erasure encoding, where an object is stored by creating k fragments and storing r ≥ k encoded fragments so that the original object can be retrieved from any k of the r fragments. The models proposed have the advantage of being able to compute the response-time distribution, which is a significant advantage as mean response time guarantees are not sufficient in deadline-driven applications. In addition, these models are able to handle fairly general inter-arrival and service times. Extensive experimental results show that replication can be very effective in keeping the response-time tail short, but these benefits highly depend on the number of replicas, processing-time distribution, as well as on the system load, number of servers, and the statistical characteristics of the arrival process.
Advances in compositional fitting of active appearance models
Creators: name: Alabort Medina, Joan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This thesis presents a detailed and complete study of compositional gradient descent (CGD) algorithms for fitting active appearance models (AAM) and advances the state-of-the-art in generative AAM fitting by incorporating: (i) novel robust texture representations; (ii) novel cost functions and compositional types; and (iii) combined fitting approaches with complementary deformable models; into the original CGD framework. In particular, a robust texture representation based on image gradient orientations is used to define a new type of generative deformable model that generalizes well to variations in identity, pose, expression, illumination and occlusions and that can be fitted to images using standard CGD algorithms. Moreover, a novel Bayesian formulation of the AAM fitting problem, which can be interpreted as a probabilistic generalization of the well-known project-out inverse compositional (PIC) algorithm, is proposed along with two new types of composition, asymmetric and bidirectional, that lead to better convergent and more robust CGD fitting algorithms. At the same time, interesting insights into existent strategies used to derive fast and exact simultaneous CGD algorithms are provided by reinterpreting them as direct applications of the Schur complement and the Wiberg method. Finally, CGD algorithms are combined with similar generative fitting techniques for constrained local models (CLM) to create a unified probabilistic fitting framework that combines the strengths of both models (AAM and CLM) and produces state-of-the-art results on the problem of non-rigid face alignment in the wild.
Thermal Transport by Individual Energy Carriers in Solid State Material
Creators: name: Pacheco, Mauricio Alejandro Segovia
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 401799
subject: Mechanical engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 400899
subject: Electrical engineering not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 510499
subject: Condensed matter physics not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 510203
subject: Nonlinear optics and spectroscopy

description: Knowledge of transport processes plays a critical role in the development and application of materials in many technologies. As manufacturing technologies continue to push the geometries of materials to smaller scales, traditional means of predicting and measuring transport properties begin to fail. Micro and nanoscopic effects tend to alter transport phenomena in materials, leading to new physics and different properties from the bulk state. In particular, the dynamics of thermal transport of a material varies greatly in both spatial and temporal senses. Different energy carriers have intrinsically different mechanisms of thermal transport; depending on the time and lengths scales in question, the contribution to the overall thermal transport by one carrier may be vastly different than others. To characterize and understand the dynamics of thermal transport at these small scales, novel ultrafast experimental techniques and theories are crucially needed. This work will discuss the efforts made to develop a framework to measure and differentiate the dynamics of transport processes of a material due to different energy carriers using ultrafast optical techniques. This dissertation is organized as follows.Chapter 1 gives a background in the theory of thermal transport. This will serve as the foundation for the physical models that are used to extract thermal properties from experimental works. A brief review of the advances in ultrafast experimental and theoretical works will also be given. This will assist in placing this work in the context of ongoing work in the thermal transport community. Chapter 2 illustrates the experimental setups and physical models used to measure the effective thermal transport properties of thin film materials. Steady-state optical measurements are used to quantify the effective, in-plane, anisotropic, thermal conductivity of a 2D material. Time resolved, ultrafast optical measurements are used to quantify the effective, out-of-plane, thermal conductivity of a material. Chapters 3 and 4 demonstrate the capabilities of an ultrafast spatiotemporal scanning pump-probe system, where the high temporal and nanometric resolution measurements directly probe the electron contribution to thermal transport in metals as well as the ambipolar diffusion of carriers in semiconductors. Lastly, Chapter 5 summarizes this dissertation and provides a discussion on the use of the developed experimental capabilities to probe transport of emerging materials.
Charadrius cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Charadrius
Charadrius cristatus

description: Charadrius cristatus [spec. nov.]
C. gula pileo pectoreque nigris, occipite cristato, dorso testaceo, pedibus nigris.
Pluvialis indicus, pectore nigro. Edw. av. 47. t. 47.
Habitat in Persia.
Simillimus est Tringae Vanello.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 150, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
Detection of CO(4-3), CO(9-8), and dust emission in the BAL quasar APM 08279+5255 at a redshift of 3.9
Creators: name: Downes, D.
name: Neri, R.
name: Wiklind, T.
name: Wilner, D. J.
name: Shaver, P.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We detected with the IRAM interferometer the lines of CO(4-3) and CO(9-8) from the recently-discovered broad absorption line quasar APM 08279+5255. The molecular lines are at a redshift of 3.911, which we take to be the true cosmological redshift of the quasar's host galaxy. This means the quasar emission lines at z=3.87 are blueshifted by a kinematic component of -2500 km/s, and, along with the broad absorption lines, are probably emitted in the quasar's wind or jet, moving toward us. The CO line ratios suggest the molecular gas is at a temperature of about 200 K, at a density of about 4000 cm^-3. We also detected the dust emission at 94 and 214 GHz (emitted wavelengths 650 and 290 microns). The spectral index of the mm/submm continuum is +3.2, indicating the dust emission is optically thin in this part of the spectrum. The extremely high CO and dust luminosities suggest magnification by gravitational lensing. Using the optical extent and our limit on the size of the CO region, we estimate a magnification of 7 to 30 for the CO lines and the far-IR continuum, and 14 to 60 for the optical/UV. In this interpretation, the molecular gas and dust is in a nuclear disk of radius 90 to 270 pc around the quasar. The quasar is 25 to 100 times stronger than, but otherwise resembles, the nucleus of Mrk 231.
description: accepted by ApJ Letters
Accretion Disc Theory: From the Standard Model Until Advection
Creators: name: Bisnovatyi-Kogan, G. S.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accretion disc theory was first developed as a theory with the local heat balance, where the whole energy produced by a viscous heating was emitted to the sides of the disc. One of the most important new invention of this theory was a phenomenological treatment of the turbulent viscosity, known as ''alpha'' prescription, when the (r$ϕ$) component of the stress tensor was approximated by ($α$ P) with a unknown constant $α$. This prescription played the role in the accretion disc theory as well important as the mixing-length theory of convection for stellar evolution. Sources of turbulence in the accretion disc are discussed, including nonlinear hydrodynamical turbulence, convection and magnetic field role. In parallel to the optically thick geometrically thin accretion disc models, a new branch of the optically thin accretion disc models was discovered, with a larger thickness for the same total luminosity. The choice between these solutions should be done of the base of a stability analysis. The ideas underlying the necessity to include advection into the accretion disc theory are presented and first models with advection are reviewed. The present status of the solution for a low-luminous optically thin accretion disc model with advection is discussed and the limits for an advection dominated accretion flows (ADAF) imposed by the presence of magnetic field are analysed.
description: Roceeding of the Int. Workshop "Observational Evidence for Black Holes in the Universe". Calcutta, 11-17 January 1998. Kluwer Acad. Pub
Leading edge instability and generation of Tollmien-Schlichting waves and wave packets
Creators: name: Jain, Kurunandan
Publisher: name: Imperial College London
Year: 2016

description: This thesis is concerned with the effect that boundary layer instabilities have on laminar-turbulent transition over an aircraft wing. The receptivity analysis of the two-dimensional marginal separation flow with respect to suction/blowing is considered. The solution of the linearised perturbation equation is sought in the form of perturbations that are periodic in time. Numerical results are obtained and it is observed that for large enough frequencies Tollmien-Schlicting wave packets begin to form downstream of a source of perturbations. A receptivity analysis of an incompressible steady two-dimensional marginally separated laminar boundary layer with respect to three-dimensional unsteady perturbations is then considered. An asymptotic theory of this flow is constructed on the basis of an analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations at large Reynolds numbers by means of matched asymptotic expansions. Two particular cases are considered, one in which we assume that the solution is periodic in both time $T$ and the spanwise coordinate $Z$, and the second where the solution is periodic in time only. As a result an integro-differential equation is derived and studied numerically by means of a spectral method. The next mathematical formulation is the study of marginal separation theory for a swept wing. In this formulation, an additional equation for the spanwise velocity component $w$ is needed. Upon solving the triple-deck equations, an algebraic Fourier transform equation is obtained and solved numerically. Finally, the last chapter concerns itself with a numerical global stability of the two-dimensional unsteady marginal separation equation.
Second-order photonic topological insulator with corner states
Creators: name: Xie, Bi Ye
name: Wang, Hong Fei
name: Wang, Hai-Xiao
name: Zhu, Xue Yi
name: Jiang, Jian-Hua
name: Lu, Ming Hui
name: Chen, Yan Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Higher-order topological insulators (HOTIs) which go beyond the description of conventional bulk-boundary correspondence, broaden the understanding of topological insulating phases. Being mainly focused on electronic materials, HOTIs have not been found in photonic systems yet. In this article, we propose a type of two-dimensional second-order photonic crystals with zero-dimensional corner states and one-dimensional boundary states for optical frequencies. All of these states are topologically non-trivial and can be understood based on the theory of topological polarization. Moreover, by tuning the easily-fabricated structure of the photonic crystals, we can realize different topological phases with unique topological boundary states straightforwardly. Our result can be generalized to higher dimensions and provides unprecedented venues for higher-order photonic topological insulators and semimetals.
description: 6 pages, 6 figures, Phys. Rev. B 2018
On the Energetics of Advection-Dominated Accretion Flows
Creators: name: Quataert, Eliot
name: Narayan, Ramesh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Using mean field MHD, we discuss the energetics of optically thin, two temperature, advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs). If the magnetic field is tangled and roughly isotropic, flux freezing is insufficient to maintain the field in equipartition with the gas. In this case, we expect a fraction of the energy generated by shear in the flow to be used to build up the magnetic field strength as the gas flows in; the remaining energy heats the particles. We argue that strictly equipartition magnetic fields are incompatible with a priori reasonable levels of particle heating; instead, the plasma $β$ in ADAFs (defined to be the gas pressure divided by magnetic/turbulent pressure) is likely to be $\gsim 5$; correspondingly, the viscosity parameter $α$ is likely to be $\lsim 0.2$
description: 24 pages, ApJ submitted
Accretion disk reversal and the spin-up/spin-down of accreting pulsars
Creators: name: Murray, James R.
name: de Kool, Martijn
name: Li, Jianke
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We numerically investigate the hydrodynamics of accretion disk reversal and relate our findings to the observed spin-rate changes in the accreting X-ray pulsar GX~1+4. In this system, which accretes from a slow wind, the accretion disk contains two dynamically distinct regions. In the inner part viscous forces are dominant and disk evolution occurs on a viscous timescale. In the outer part dynamical mixing of material with opposite angular momentum is more important, and the externally imposed angular momentum reversal timescale governs the flow. In this outer region the disk is split into concentric rings of material with opposite senses of rotation that do not mix completely but instead remain distinct, with a clear gap between them. We thus predict that torque reversals resulting from accretion disk reversals will be accompanied by minima in accretion luminosity.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ
Additional file 1: of Longitudinal development of the dust microbiome in a newly opened Norwegian kindergarten
Creators: name: Nygaard, Anders
name: Charnock, Colin
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Space Science
subject: Microbiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Genetics
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Evolutionary Biology
subject: 59999 Environmental Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: 80699 Information Systems not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Table S1. Alpha diversity measures. Table S2. QIIME mapping file for Sample 1 (sample accession number SAMEA4670724). Table S3. QIIME mapping file for Sample 2 (sample accession number SAMEA4670725). Table S4. QIIME mapping file for Sample 3 (sample accession number SAMEA4670726). Table S5. QIIME mapping file for Sample 4 (sample accession number SAMEA4670727). Table S6. QIIME mapping file for Sample 5 (sample accession number SAMEA4670728). Figure S1. Principal Coordinate plot (PCoA) of Bray-Curtis distances plotting samples and negative controls. Figure S2. Changes in the bacterial composition at class level over time in the kindergarten, with chloroplast sequences retained. (DOCX 131 kb)
Evolutionary Status of Dwarf ``Transition'' Galaxies
Creators: name: Knezek, Patricia M.
name: Sembach, Kenneth R.
name: Gallagher, John S.
name: III
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present deep B, R and Halpha imaging of 3 dwarf galaxies: NGC3377A, NGC4286, and IC3475. Based on previous broadband imaging and HI studies, these mixed-morphology galaxies were proposed by Sandage & Hoffman (1991) to be, respectively, a gas-rich low surface brightness Im dwarf, a nucleated dwarf that has lost most of its gas and is in transition from Im to dS0,N, and the prototypical example of a gas-poor ``huge low surface brightness'' early-type galaxy. From the combination of our broadband and Halpha imaging with the published information on the neutral gas content of these three galaxies, we find that (1) NGC3377A is a dwarf spiral; (2) NGC3377A and NGC4286 have comparable amounts of ongoing star formation, as indicated by their Halpha emission, while IC3475 has no detected HII regions to a very low limit; (3) the global star formation rates are at least a factor of 20 below that of 30 Doradus for NGC3377A and NGC4286; (4) while the amount of star formation is comparable, the distribution of star forming regions is very different between NGC3377A and NGC4286; (5) given their current star formation rates and gas contents, both NGC3377A and NGC4286 can continue to form stars for more than a Hubble time; (6) both NGC3377A and NGC4286 have integrated total B-R colors that are redder than the integrated total B-R color for IC3475, and thus it is unlikely that either galaxy will ever evolve into an IC3475 counterpart; and (7) IC3475 is too blue to be a dE. We thus conclude that we have not identified potential precursors to galaxies such as IC3475, and unless signifcant changes occur in the star formation rates, neither NGC3377A nor NGC4286 will evolve into a dwarf elliptical or dwarf spheroidal within a Hubble time.
description: 34 pages, 6 jpg figures, 3 postscript figures, and 4 tables, uses AASTeX, ApJ, in press
Charadrius hiaticula Linnaeus, 1758, spec. nov.
Creators: name: Linnaeus, Carolus
Publisher: name: Laurentius Salvius
Year: 1758
Subjects: Biodiversity
Taxonomy
Animalia
Chordata
Aves
Charadriiformes
Charadriidae
Charadrius
Charadrius hiaticula

description: Charadrius hiaticula [spec. nov.]
C. pectore nigro, fronte nigricante fasciola alba, vertice fusco, pedibus luteis Fn. svec. 159.
Charadrios s. Hiaticula. Aldr. orn. l. 20. c. 67. Jonst. av. 166. t. 53. Will. orn. 230. t. 57. Raj. av. 112. Sloan. jam. 2. p. 314. t. 169 f. 2. Alb. av. 1. p. 76. t. 80.
Habitat in Europa & America ad ripas.
description: Published as part of Linnaeus, Carolus, 1758, Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Stockholm :Laurentius Salvius on page 150, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.title.542, http://zenodo.org/record/3922206
High Spatial Resolution Imaging of Arp 220 from 3 - 25 microns
Creators: name: Soifer, B. T.
name: Neugebauer, G.
name: Matthews, K.
name: Becklin, E. E.
name: Ressler, M.
name: Werner, M. W.
name: Weinberger, A. J.
name: Egami, E. E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Images of Arp 220 from 3.45 to 24.5 $μ$m with 0.5'' resolution are presented which clearly separate the nucleus into at least two components. The western component is about three times more luminous than the eastern component, but the silicate absorption in the fainter, eastern component is roughly 50% greater than the absorption in the western component. Each component is marginally resolved. The two components seen at 24.5 $μ$m are identified with the two radio components. The western source most likely coincides with the high extinction disk previously suggested to exist in Arp 220, while the eastern nucleus is identified with a faint highly reddened source seen in HST 2.2 $μ$m NICMOS images. The two nuclei together account for essentially all of the measured 24.5 $μ$m flux density. Two models are presented, both of which fit the observations. In one, the majority of the total luminosity is produced in an extended star formation region and in the other most of the luminosity is produced in the compact but extincted regions associated with the two nuclei seen at 24.5 $μ$m. In both pictures, substantial luminosity at 100 $μ$m emerges from a component having a diameter of 2--3'' ($\sim$1kpc).
description: LaTeX with AAS format, 3 postscript figures, ApJ, accepted
X-ray Shots of Cyg X-1
Creators: name: Feng, Y. X.
name: Li, T. P.
name: Chen, L.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: X-ray shots of Cyg X-1 in different energy bands and spectral states have been studied with PCA/RXTE observations. The detailed shot structure is obtained by superposing many shots with one millisecond time bin through aligning their peaks with an improved algorithm. In general, the shots are composed of a slow rise and fast decay. The shot structures in the different states are different. The duration of shot in the high state is shorter than that in the low and transition states. The shot profile in the high energy band is more asymmetric and narrower than that in the low energy band. The average hardness of shot is lower than that of steady emission in the transition and low states but higher than that in the high state. The time lags between the shots in higher and lower energy bands have been found in the different states. In transition states, the time lag is the largest among the different states of Cyg X-1, and it is the smallest in the low state. The implications of the observed shot features for shot models are discussed.
description: Latex, 20 pages, 12 figures(included), to be published in ApJ
Variationally Learning Grover's Quantum Search Algorithm
Creators: name: Morales, Mauro E. S.
name: Tlyachev, Timur
name: Biamonte, Jacob
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Given a parameterized quantum circuit such that a certain setting of these real-valued parameters corresponds to Grover's celebrated search algorithm, can a variational algorithm recover these settings and hence learn Grover's algorithm? We studied several constrained variations of this problem and answered this question in the affirmative, with some caveats. Grover's quantum search algorithm is optimal up to a constant. The success probability of Grover's algorithm goes from unity for two-qubits, decreases for three- and four-qubits and returns near unity for five-qubits then oscillates ever-so-close to unity, reaching unity in the infinite qubit limit. The variationally approach employed here found an experimentally discernible improvement of $5.77\%$ and $3.95\%$ for three- and four-qubits respectively. Our findings are interesting as an extreme example of variational search, and illustrate the promise of using hybrid quantum classical approaches to improve quantum algorithms. This paper further demonstrates that to find optimal parameters one doesn't need to vary over a family of quantum circuits to find an optimal solution. This result looks promising and points out that there is a set of variational quantum problems with parameters that can be efficiently found on a classical computer for arbitrary number of qubits.
description: Accepted version (PRA); All supporting data and source code are available online; 8 pages; 4 figures; RevTeX
Impact of the Rastall parameter on perfect fluid spheres
Creators: name: Hansraj, Sudan
name: Banerjee, Ayan
name: Channuie, Phongpichit
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We examine the effects of the Rastall parameter on the behaviour of spherically symmetric static distributions of perfect fluid matter. It was claimed by Visser [Physics Letters B, 782, 83, (2018)] that the Rastall proposition is completely equivalent to the Einstein theory. While many authors have raised contrary arguments, our intention is to analyze the properties of Rastall gravity through variation of the Rastall parameter in the context of perfect fluids spheres that may be used to model neutron stars or cold fluid planets. This analysis also serves to counter the claim that Rastall gravity is equivalent to the standard Einstein theory. It turns out that the condition of pressure isotropy is exactly the same as for Einstein gravity and hence that any known solution of the Einstein equations may be used to study the effects of the Rastall dynamical quantities. Moreover, by choosing the well studied Tolman metrics, we discover that in the majority of cases there is substantial deviation from the Einstein case when the Rastall parameter vanishes and in cases where the Einstein model displays defective behaviour, certain Rastall models obey the well known elementary requirements for physical plausibility. These empirical findings do not support the idea that Rastall theory is equivalent to Einstein theory as several deviations in physical behavior are displayed as counter-examples.
description: v2: 17 pages, typos corrected, references added, many figures, version accepted for publication by Annals of Physics
Microlocal analysis of forced waves
Creators: name: Dyatlov, Semyon
name: Zworski, Maciej
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We use radial estimates for pseudodifferential operators to describe long time evolution of solutions to $ i u_t - P u = f $ where $ P $ is a self-adjoint 0th order pseudodifferential operator satisfying hyperbolic dynamical assumptions and where $ f $ is smooth. This is motivated by recent results of Colin de Verdière and Saint-Raymond [arXiv:1801.05582] concerning a microlocal model of internal waves in stratified fluids.
description: 27 pages, 4 figures; minor changes. To appear in Pure and Applied Analysis
Microwave Background Anisotropies and Nonlinear Structures I. Improved Theoretical Models
Creators: name: Lasenby, A. N.
name: Doran, C. J. L.
name: Hobson, M. P.
name: Dabrowski, Y.
name: Challinor, A. D.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 1998
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A new method is proposed for modelling spherically symmetric inhomogeneities in the Universe. The inhomogeneities have finite size and are compensated, so they do not exert any measurable gravitational force beyond their boundary. The region exterior to the perturbation is represented by a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) Universe, which we use to study the anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) induced by the cluster. All calculations are performed in a single, global coordinate system, with nonlinear gravitational effects fully incorporated. An advantage of the gauge choices employed here is that the resultant equations are essentially Newtonian in form. Examination of the problem of specifying initial data shows that the new model presented here has many advantages over `Swiss cheese' and other models. Numerical implementation of the equations derived here is described in a subsequent paper.
description: 10 pages, 4 figures; Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS), in press
Typologies of alcohol and other drug-related risk among lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans) and queer adults
Creators: name: Norman, Thomas
name: Bourne, Adam
name: Amos, Natalie
name: Power, Jennifer
name: Anderson, Joel
name: Lim, Gene
name: Carman, Marina
name: Melendez-Torres, Gerardo
Publisher: name: La Trobe
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 4405
subject: Gender studies
classificationCode: 52
subject: Psychology
subject: FOS: Psychology
classificationCode: 42
subject: Health sciences
subject: FOS: Health sciences
classificationCode: 4201
subject: Allied health and rehabilitation science
classificationCode: 44
subject: Human society

description: Introduction: Prevalence and patterns of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use among specific lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (trans) and queer (LGBTQ+) subpopulations are well established. However, patterns of substance-related risk have been less thoroughly explored. This study aimed to determine typologies AOD risk among LGBTQ+ adults in Australia. Method: Latent class analyses were performed to determine distinct patterns of AOD risk (n = 6835), as measured by the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test and Drug Abuse Screening Tool. Demographic characteristics, experience of harassment, assault and/or threats, mental wellbeing and LGBTQ+ connectedness were compared across emergent classes. Results: AOD risk was characterised as ‘no risk’ (13.3% of sample), ‘low risk’ (15.1%), ‘moderate risk’ (alcohol + other drugs; 30.1%), or ‘moderate alcohol only risk’ (41.5%). The ‘moderate risk’ class was the most likely class to report recent sexual assault, verbal abuse, harassment and physical threats compared to other classes, while those in the ‘moderate alcohol only risk’ group were least likely to report these experiences of all classes. However, both the ‘moderate risk’ and ‘moderate alcohol risk only’ classes reported greater mental wellbeing and LGBTQ+ connectedness compared to the ‘no risk’ and ‘low risk’ classes. Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings indicate that level of AOD risk is not uniform among some LGBTQ+ adults, nor is the distribution of harms experienced by them. Tailored harm-reduction interventions may be fruitful in attenuating harms based on risk profile; most specifically, LGBTQ+ individuals engaging in moderately risky concurrent AOD use.
Extended 3D-PTV for direct measurements of Lagrangian statistics of canopy turbulence in a wind tunnel
Creators: name: Shnapp, Ron
name: Shapira, Erez
name: Peri, David
name: Bohbot-Raviv, Yardena
name: Fattal, Eyal
name: Liberzon, Alex
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Direct estimation of Lagrangian turbulence statistics is essential for the proper modeling of dispersion and transport in highly obstructed canopy flows. However, Lagrangian flow measurements demand very high rates of data acquisition, resulting in bottlenecks that prevented the estimation of Lagrangian statistics in canopy flows hitherto. We report on a new extension to the 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry (3D-PTV) method, featuring real-time particle segmentation that outputs centroids and sizes of tracer particles and performed on dedicated hardware during high-speed digital video acquisition from multiple cameras. The proposed extension results in four orders of magnitude reduction in data transfer rate that enables to perform substantially longer experimental runs, facilitating measurements of convergent statistics. The extended method is demonstrated through an experimental wind tunnel investigation of the Lagrangian statistics in a heterogeneous canopy flow. We observe that acceleration statistics are affected by the mean shear at the top of the canopy layer and that Lagrangian particle dispersion at small scales is dominated by turbulence in the wake of the roughness elements. This approach enables to overcome major shortcomings from Eulerian-based measurements which rely on assumptions such as the Taylor's frozen turbulence hypothesis, which is known to fail in highly turbulent flows.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, and supplementary materials
Transport coefficients of hot magnetized QCD matter beyond the lowest Landau level approximation
Creators: name: Kurian, Manu
name: Mitra, Sukanya
name: Ghosh, Snigdha
name: Chandra, Vinod
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this article, shear viscosity, bulk viscosity, and thermal conductivity of a hot QCD medium have been studied in the presence of a strong magnetic field. To model the hot magnetized QCD matter, an extended quasi-particle description of the hot QCD equation of state in the presence of the magnetic field has been adopted. The effects of higher Landau levels on the temperature dependence of viscous coefficients (bulk and shear viscosities) and thermal conductivity have been obtained by considering the $1\rightarrow 2$ processes in the presence of the strong magnetic field. An effective covariant kinetic theory has been set up in (1+1)-dimensional that includes mean field contributions in terms of quasi-particle dispersions and magnetic field to describe the Landau level dynamics of quarks. The sensitivity of these parameters to the magnitude of the magnetic field has also been explored. Both the magnetic field and mean field contributions have seen to play a significant role in obtaining the temperature behaviour of the transport coefficients of hot QCD medium.
description: 10 pages, 5 figures, Two column, Replaced version v2, Effects of higher Landau levels added, New author added
Inhibition of spreading in quantum random walks due to quenched Poisson-distributed disorder
Creators: name: Das, Sreetama
name: Mal, Shiladitya
name: De, Aditi Sen
name: Sen, Ujjwal
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2018
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider a quantum particle (walker) on a line who coherently chooses to jump to the left or right depending on the result of toss of a quantum coin. The lengths of the jumps are considered to be independent and identically distributed quenched Poisson random variables. We find that the spread of the walker is significantly inhibited, whereby it resides in the near-origin region, with respect to the case when there is no disorder. The scaling exponent of the quenched-averaged dispersion of the walker is sub-ballistic but super-diffusive. We also show that the features are universal to a class of sub- and super-Poissonian distributed quenched randomized jumps.
description: 7 pages, 3 figures; v2: further distributions considered, close to published version