cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Solar Green Line Corona for Solar Cycles 18-24
Creators: name: Takalo, Jouni J.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Homogeneous coronal data set (HCDS) of the green corona (Fe XIV) and coronal index of the solar activity (CI) have been used to study time-latitudinal distribution in solar cycles 18-24 and compared with similar distribution of sunspots, the magnetic fields and the solar radio flux 10.7 cm. The most important results are: (a) distribution of coronal intensities related to the cycle maximum are different for individual cycles, (b) the poleward migration of the HCDS from mid latitudes in each cycle exists, even in extremely weak Cycle 24, and the same is valid for the equatorward migration (c) the overall values of HCDS are slightly stronger for the northern hemisphere than for the southern one, (d) distribution of the HDCS are in coincidence with strongest photospheric magnetic fields (B>50 Gauss) and histogram of the sunspot groups, (e) Gnevyshev gap was confirmed with at least 95% confidence in the CI, however, with different behavior for odd and even cycles. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first and second component account for 87.7% and 7.3% of the total variation of the CI. Furthermore, the PC2 of the green corona was quite different for cycle 21, compared with other cycles.
description: 21 pages, 14 figures, accepted to Solar Physics
Classification of wave regimes in excitable systems with linear cross-diffusion
Creators: name: Tsyganov, M. A.
name: Biktashev, V. N.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider principal properties of various wave regimes in two selected excitable systems with linear cross-diffusion in one spatial dimension observed at different parameter values. This includes fixed-shape propagating waves, envelope waves, multi-envelope waves, and intermediate regimes appearing as waves propagating fixed-shape most of the time but undergoing restructuring from time to time. Depending on parameters, most of these regimes can be with and without the "quasi-soliton" property of reflection of boundaries and penetration through each other. We also present some examples of behaviour of envelope quasi-solitons in two spatial dimensions.
description: 15 pages, 17 figures, as resubmitted to PRE on 2014/11/07
Rebalance and Smear for Multi-jet Background Estimation
Creators: name: Bein, Samuel
name: Sander, Christian
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: For many particle collider searches for physics beyond the Standard Model in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum, events from QCD multi-jet processes are an important and challenging background contribution. The CMS and ATLAS experiments have previously developed data-driven methods designed to succeed where Monte Carlo methods suffer large theoretical and experimental uncertainties. One such method is Rebalance and Smear (R&S), which predicts QCD backgrounds by applying a series of folding and unfolding techniques to data control regions. A top-to-bottom description of the R&S method is presented, along with a discussion of its applicability and limitations. A software application is provided that performs the R\&S method using public, non-proprietary tools, interfacing with data sets produced by Delphes3. In general, the method is suitable for predicting multi-jet backgrounds in searches for stable non-detectable particles, such as dark matter candidates. A case study is carried out in simulated events of proton-proton collisions at 14 TeV in the context of a potential search for Higgsino dark matter produced in the decay products of supersymmetric quark partners. Sources of potential bias are explored and prescriptions for evaluating systematic uncertainties are suggested.
description: 19 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, prepared for submission to JINST
Translating research into MCH service: comparison of a pilot project and a large-scale resource mothers program.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1995

description: THIS STUDY EXAMINES the process and effect of translating a pilot research project into a large-scale service program. In a pilot resource mothers program for pregnant teenagers, participants had fewer low birth weight infants than teenagers in the comparison group. In the corresponding large-scale service program, a similarly positive effect on low birth weight was not seen. In an effort to understand how these differences occurred, the evaluation methodologies and key characteristics that describe the background, infrastructure, components, and service providers of the two projects were compared. Important differences between the pilot project and the service program were seen in funding stability, diversity of staff, community versus health department ownership of the program, caseloads, and levels of training and supervision. It seems probable that these differences brought about changes in the intensity and character of the intervention from the pilot to the service program, leading to a reduction of the intervention's efficacy in reducing the number of low birth weight infants. The implications of these findings for researchers and program planners are discussed.
Comprehensive coverage of particle acceleration and kinetic feedback from the stellar mass black hole V404 Cygni
Creators: name: Fender, R. P.
name: Mooley, K. P.
name: Motta, S. E.
name: Bright, J. S.
name: Williams, D. R. A.
name: Rushton, A. P.
name: Beswick, R. J.
name: Miller-Jones, J. C. A.
name: Kimura, M.
name: Isogai, K.
name: Kato, T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present analysis of comprehensive radio observations of the black hole V404 Cyg during its 2015 outburst. These data represent the best ever coverage of jet production and particle acceleration from any black hole. We report for the first time a clear and near-linear flux-rms correlation in the radio flux densities. Investigation of individual flares reveals in nearly all cases the peak corresponds to the transition from optically thick to thin to synchrotron emission, but an extended phase of particle acceleration is required in contrast to simple impulsive injection models. The largest radio flare is preceded by a phase of optical oscillations and followed one day later by a smaller but optically thin flare, likely due to ejecta interacting with the interstellar medium. Comparing the radio emission to contemporaneous X-ray and optical data, we find that the X-ray and radio measurements are correlated on all timescales from seconds to one day. Correlation with the optical flux densities is weak at short timescales, but becomes significant on timescales greater than a few hours. We evaluate the physical conditions (size, magnetic field and internal energy) associated with 86 individual radio flares, which in turn allows us to place a lower limit on the kinetic feedback over the 15 days of intense activity. If this energy was deposited locally to the source, as implied by the failure to detect jets on angular scales larger than milliarcsec, then we predict that a nova-like shell could have been formed.
description: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Data and high-resolution figures available on request to the authors
Barriers to the use of preventive health care services for children.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES findings from interviews of parents targeted for outreach efforts that encouraged them to use Medicaid's Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment (EPSDT) Program. Begun in the 1970s, the EPSDT Program held out the promise of ensuring that needy children would receive comprehensive preventive health care. With only one-third of eligible children in the United States receiving EPSDT checkups, the program has yet to fulfill its promise. This study sought to understand parents' perceptions of barriers to using EPSDT by interviewing (a) 110 parents who did not schedule EPSDT checkups for their children after being exposed to outreach efforts and (b) 30 parents who did. Although the EPSDT Program is designed to provide health care at no charge and to provide assistance with appointment scheduling and transportation, these low-income parents identified significant barriers to care. Reasons for not using EPSDT services included (a) competing family or personal issues and priorities; (b) perceived or actual barriers in the health care system; and (c) issues related directly to problems with the outreach efforts. Parents who successfully negotiated these barriers and received EPSDT services encountered additional barriers, for example, scheduling and transportation difficulties, long waiting room times, or care that they perceived to be either unresponsive to their medical needs or interpersonally disrespectful. The implications for future outreach efforts and improving access to preventive health care services are discussed.
A Mass Model for the Lensing Cluster SDSS J1004+4112: Constraints From the Third Time Delay
Creators: name: Forés-Toribio, R.
name: Muñoz, J. A.
name: Kochanek, C. S.
name: Mediavilla, E.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We have built a new model for the lens system SDSS J1004+4112 including the recently measured time delay of the fourth quasar image. This time delay has a strong influence on the inner mass distribution of the lensing cluster ($ρ\propto r^{-α}$) allowing us to determine $α=1.18^{+0.02(+0.11)}_{-0.03(-0.18)}$ at the 68% (95%) confidence level in agreement with hydrodynamical simulations of massive galaxy clusters. We find an offset between the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) and the dark matter halo of $3.8^{+0.6(+1.4)}_{-0.7(-1.3)}$ kpc at 68% (95%) confidence which is compatible with other galaxy cluster measurements. As an observational challenge, the estimated time delay between the leading image C and the faint (I=24.7) fifth image E is roughly 8 yr.
description: 9 pages, 3 figures, 4 tables. ApJ in press
Resolving the shocked gas in HH54 with Herschel: CO line mapping at high spatial and spectral resolution
Creators: name: Bjerkeli, P.
name: Liseau, R.
name: Brinch, C.
name: Olofsson, G.
name: Santangelo, G.
name: Cabrit, S.
name: Benedettini, M.
name: Black, J. H.
name: Herczeg, G.
name: Justtanont, K.
name: Kristensen, L. E.
name: Larsson, B.
name: Nisini, B.
name: Tafalla, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The HH54 shock is a Herbig-Haro object, located in the nearby Chamaeleon II cloud. Observed CO line profiles are due to a complex distribution in density, temperature, velocity, and geometry. Resolving the HH54 shock wave in the far-infrared cooling lines of CO constrain the kinematics, morphology, and physical conditions of the shocked region. We used the PACS and SPIRE instruments on board the Herschel space observatory to map the full FIR spectrum in a region covering the HH54 shock wave. Complementary Herschel-HIFI, APEX, and Spitzer data are used in the analysis as well. The observed features in the line profiles are reproduced using a 3D radiative transfer model of a bow-shock, constructed with the Line Modeling Engine code (LIME). The FIR emission is confined to the HH54 region and a coherent displacement of the location of the emission maximum of CO with increasing J is observed. The peak positions of the high-J CO lines are shifted upstream from the lower J CO lines and coincide with the position of the spectral feature identified previously in CO(10-9) profiles with HIFI. This indicates a hotter molecular component in the upstream gas with distinct dynamics. The coherent displacement with increasing J for CO is consistent with a scenario where IRAS12500-7658 is the exciting source of the flow, and the 180 K bow-shock is accompanied by a hot (800 K) molecular component located upstream from the apex of the shock and blueshifted by -7 km s$^{-1}$. The spatial proximity of this knot to the peaks of the atomic fine-structure emission lines observed with Spitzer and PACS ([OI]63, 145 $μ$m) suggests that it may be associated with the dissociative shock as the jet impacts slower moving gas in the HH54 bow-shock.
description: 6 pages, 5 figures
Ivosidenib: A Review in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma
Creators: name: Frampton, James E.
Publisher: name: Adis Journals
Year: 2023
Subjects: Medicine
Oncology and Carcinogenesis not elsewhere classified

description: Declarations Funding The preparation of this review was not supported by any external funding. Authorship and Conflict of interest James E. Frampton is a salaried employee of Adis International Ltd/Springer Nature, and declares no relevant conflicts of interest. All authors contributed to the review and are responsible for the article content. Ethics approval, Consent to participate, Consent to publish, Availability of data and material, Code availability Not applicable. Additional information about this Adis Drug Review can be found here.  Abstract Ivosidenib (Tibsovo®), a first-in-class, oral small molecule, potent and selective inhibitor of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (mIDH1), is approved in the EU and USA for the treatment of adults with pretreated, advanced, mIDH1 cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). It is presumed to exert its cytostatic effects in this setting by suppressing 2-hydroxyglutarate, an oncometabolite produced by mIDH1 that impairs cellular differentiation and promotes tumorigenesis. In the multinational phase 3 ClarIDHy study in patients with pretreated, advanced mIDH1 CCA, monotherapy with ivosidenib once daily significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) and almost doubled the disease control rate compared with placebo. Moreover, it had a favourable effect on overall survival (OS), which was also significantly prolonged after correcting for a high rate of crossover from the placebo group (permitted by the trial protocol). Ivosidenib treatment preserved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) relating to physical function, pain and appetite loss/eating and was generally well tolerated, with the most common treatment-emergent adverse events being low-grade diarrhoea, nausea and fatigue. Thus, ivosidenib represents a novel and valuable targeted therapy for the subset of patients with pretreated, advanced CCA tumors harbouring mIDH1.
 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023
Quantifying the adequacy of prenatal care: a comparison of indices.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1996

description: OBJECTIVES: In spite of the widespread use of prenatal care utilization indices in the scientific literature, little attention has been given to the extent to which these indices are comparable. This investigation contrasts the way five indices classified cases into categories of prenatal care use.

METHODS: From the 1989-1991 South Carolina Public Use data files, single live births to resident mothers were selected for analysis (N = 169,082). Five prenatal care indices were compared: (a) the modified Institute of Medicine (Kessner) index, (b) a variation of the IOM index using the full American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology visit recommendation, (c) an index derived from the recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Service Expert Panel on Prenatal Care, (d) the GINDEX, and (e) the APNCU index.

RESULTS: The proportion of cases assigned to prenatal care utilization categories by each index varied markedly, ranging from 33.6% to 58.1% for adequate care, 9.2% to 20.3% for inadequate care, and 7.4% to 22.6% for intensive utilization.

CONCLUSIONS: The selection of a prenatal care utilization index for research and policy development purposes requires a careful consideration of the intent, criteria for defining adequacy, and coding assumptions of each index. As these indices are conceptually distinct in their measurement approach, they are likely to yield different patterns of prenatal care use in a population and cannot be used interchangeably. Recommendations for their use are provided.
Managed care and the public health challenge of TB.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: MANAGED CARE IS FAST becoming the cominant form of medical care delivery and financing in the United States, yet its effects on public health practice remain largely unknown. Tuberculosis (TB) is a classic example of a disease with both public health and medical care implications, and as such it provides an opportunity for examining the impact on public health of the shift towards managec care in the medical marketplace. The authors approach the role of managed care in TB control by first considering the need for interorganizational coordination at the community level. The authors identify four basic models of how managed care organizations may fit into TB control efforts in local communities, using observations from 12 local public health jurisdictions to illustrate these models. These TB control models provide insight into the general mechanisms through which managed care organizations may affect other areas of public health practice.
Integrating Machine Learning with Mechanistic Models for Predicting the Yield Strength of High Entropy Alloys
Creators: name: Liu, Shunshun
name: Lee, Kyungtae
name: Balachandran, Prasanna V.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Accelerating the design of materials with targeted properties is one of the key materials informatics tasks. The most common approach takes a data-driven motivation, where the underlying knowledge is incorporated in the form of domain-inspired input features. Machine learning (ML) models are then built to establish the input-output relationships. An alternative approach involves leveraging mechanistic models, where the domain knowledge is incorporated in a predefined functional form. These mechanistic models are meticulously formulated through observations to validate specific hypotheses, and incorporate elements of causality missing from data-driven ML approaches. In this work, we demonstrate a computational approach that integrates mechanistic models with phenomenological and ML models to rapidly predict the temperature-dependent yield strength of high entropy alloys (HEAs) that form in the single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. Our main contribution is in establishing a quantitative relationship between the HEA compositions and temperature-dependent elastic constants. This allows us to improve the treatment of elastic constant mismatch to the solid solution strengthening effect in the mechanistic model, which is important for reliable prediction of yield strength as a function of temperature in single-phase FCC-based HEAs. We accomplish this by combining Bayesian inference with ensemble ML methods. The outcome is a probability distribution of elastic constants which, when propagated through the mechanistic model, yields a prediction of temperature-dependent yield strength, along with the uncertainties. The predicted yield strength shows good agreement with published experimental data, giving us confidence in applying the developed approach for the rapid search of novel FCC-based HEAs with excellent yield strength at various temperatures.
description: 31 pages, 8 figures
Effects of native plants on nitrogen cycling microorganisms in soil
Creators: name: Meister, Alexandra
name: Bohm, Kristin
name: Gutiérrez-Ginés, Maria Jesus
name: Gaw, Sally
name: Dickinson, Nicholas
name: Robinson, Brett
Publisher: name: Institute of Environmental Science and Research
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 410599
subject: Pollution and contamination not elsewhere classified
classificationCode: 410402
subject: Environmental assessment and monitoring

description: Plants modify the nitrogen (N) cycle in soil through plant N uptake, root exudation, and nitrification inhibition resulting from root exudates and changes to the physicochemical properties of soil. Plants with specific traits can be selected to manage N fluxes in the soil following the land application of N-rich wastes thereby reducing losses of N from these systems into the atmosphere (via nitrous oxide) and waterbodies (via nitrate). Previous work has shown that some New Zealand native myrtaceous species can reduce such losses more than other species, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. It was hypothesized that lower N losses may result from the inhibition of nitrification and denitrification. We aimed to determine the effect of New Zealand native plant species on the abundance of nitrifying and denitrifying microorganisms in the soil using a pot experiment with five native plant species (Carex secta, Coprosma robusta, Kunzea robusta, Leptospermum scoparium, and Metrosideros umbellata) and exotic pasture (Lolium perenne). Half of the pots received fertilisation with N (urea), phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur, while the remainder were unfertilised controls. We quantified the abundance of bacteria, archaea, and the functional genes encoding nitrite reductase (nirK, nirS), nitrous oxide reductase (nosZ), and bacterial and archaeal ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) in the rhizosphere of these plants. Results indicated that plant species had a significant effect on the abundance of nosZ and bacterial amoA. In fertilised soil, the abundance of bacterial amoA was lower under mono- than dicotyledonous species. Similarly, the chemical properties of the soil differed between these groups. Monocotyledonous species took up more N and had lower concentrations of mineral N in the rhizosphere. This indicates that the increased competition for N likely reduced the abundance of amoA and therefore nitrification and nitrate losses. The results support the utilisation of species selection to reduce N losses. In particular, monocotyledonous species may be planted in high-fertility environments to mitigate N contamination of ground- and surface water. Future work should determine the mechanisms of plant specific interaction with ammonia-oxidising bacteria, although plant uptake can explain some of the observed differences.
PR-SZZ: How pull requests can support the tracing of defects in software repositories
Creators: name: Bludau, Peter
name: Pretschner, Alexander
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The SZZ algorithm represents a standard way to identify bug fixing commits as well as inducing counterparts. It forms the basis for data sets used in numerous empirical studies. Since its creation, multiple extensions have been proposed to enhance its performance. For historical reasons, related work relies on commit messages to map bug tickets to possibly related code with no additional data used to trace inducing commits from these fixes. Therefore, we present an updated version of SZZ utilizing pull requests, which are widely adopted today. We evaluate our approach in comparison to existing SZZ variants by conducting experiments and analyzing the usage of pull requests, inner commits, and merge strategies. We base our results on 6 open-source projects with more than 50k commits and 35k pull requests. With respect to bug fixing commits, on average 18% of bug tickets can be additionally mapped to a fixing commit, resulting in an overall F-score of 0.75, an improvement of 40 percentage points. By selecting an inducing commit, we manage to reduce the false-positives and increase precision by on average 16 percentage points in comparison to existing approaches.
description: 12 pages, 3 figures, accepted at 29th edition of the IEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution and Reengineering (SANER'22)
Phase transitions in anisotropic graphene
Creators: name: Carrington, M. E.
name: Frey, A. R.
name: Meggison, B. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the effect of anisotropy on phase transitions in graphene. We work with an low energy effective field theory which is strongly coupled, and solve a coupled set of Schwinger-Dyson equations. We show that the effect of anisotropy is to reduce the critical coupling.
description: 7 pages, 1 figure, based on a talk presented at the 9th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (ICNFP 2020), September 04, 2020 to October 02, 2020, Kolymbari, Crete, Greece
Degeneracy doubling and sublattice polarization in strain-induced pseudo-Landau levels
Creators: name: Poli, Charles
name: Arkinstall, Jake
name: Schomerus, Henning
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)
subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The degeneracy and spatial support of pseudo-Landau levels (pLLs) in strained honeycomb lattices systematically depends on the geometry -- for instance, in hexagonal and rectangular flakes the 0th pLL displays a twofold increased degeneracy, while the characteristic sublattice polarization of the 0th pLL is only fully realized in a zigzag-terminated triangle. These features are dictated by algebraic constraints in the atomistic theory, and signify a departure from the standard picture in which all qualitative differences between pLLs and Landau levels induced by a magnetic field trace back to the valley-antisymmetry of the pseudomagnetic field.
description: 5 pages, 2 figures
Policing and vagrancy in international political theory
Creators: name: Gorby, Paul
Publisher: name: The University of St Andrews
Year: 2024
Subjects: Political theory
Police power
Vagrancy
International political theory
Governmentality
Human rights
Migration
Abolition
Constituent power
Resistance

description: Despite the ubiquity of police power in contemporary politics and its importance in the history of political order, international political thought has paid remarkably little attention to policing. Drawing on Continental political philosophy, Marxist political economy, and the Black Radical Tradition, this thesis constructs a critical international political theory of the dual concepts of police power and vagrancy. Tracing the origins of police power to primitive accumulation and colonial dispossession, this thesis conceptualises policing as a constituent element of modern international order and racial capitalism, arguing that the historical and contemporary function of policing is to suppress vagrant forms of life which sustain a relation to the world as commons, thereby threatening the racialised regime of private property. Following the Foucauldian mantra that ‘resistance comes first’, this thesis reasserts the primacy and vitality of vagrant modes of resistance to racial capitalism, challenging the concept’s side-lined status within critical political thought. In doing so, this thesis challenges the depoliticization and ‘de-internationalisation’ of police power and vagrancy. This thesis is structured in four chapters, each serving to examine the importance of its dual concepts within contemporary debates in international political theory. Chapter One constructs a genealogy of governmentality which identifies its co-emergence with racial capitalist dispossession and a police power intended to discipline the dispossessed, vagrant classes. Chapter Two examines historical and theoretical discourses of human rights, arguing that while predominant liberal perspectives on rights rely on and uphold police power, radical forms of rights discourse exist which sustain vagrant practices of resistance. Chapter Three applies the policing/vagrancy framework to migration politics, analysing border control as a manifestation of police power and international migration as a manifestation of vagrant counter-conduct. Finally, Chapter Four utilises this thesis’ core concepts to grapple with debates in contemporary political theory regarding constituent power and destituent potential.
Quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares: re-evaluating their nature in the context of power-law flare Fourier spectra
Creators: name: Inglis, A. R.
name: Ireland, J.
name: Dominique, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The nature of quasi-periodic pulsations in solar and stellar flares remains debated. Recent work has shown that power-law-like Fourier power spectra, also referred to as 'red' noise processes, are an intrinsic property of solar and stellar flare signals, a property that many previous studies of this phenomenon have not accounted for. Hence a re-evaluation of the existing interpretations and assumptions regarding QPP is needed. Here we adopt a Bayesian method for investigating this phenomenon, fully considering the Fourier power law properties of flare signals. Using data from the PROBA2/LYRA, Fermi/GBM, Nobeyama Radioheliograph and Yohkoh/HXT instruments, we study a selection of flares from the literature identified as QPP events. Additionally we examine optical data from a recent stellar flare that appears to exhibit oscillatory properties. We find that, for all but one event tested, an explicit oscillation is not required in order to explain the observations. Instead, the flare signals are adequately described as a manifestation of a power law in the Fourier power spectrum, rather than a direct signature of oscillating components or structures. However, for the flare of 1998 May 8, strong evidence for the existence of an explicit oscillation with P ~ 14-16 s is found in the 17 GHz radio data and the 13-23 keV Yohkoh HXT data. We conclude that, most likely, many previously analysed events in the literature may be similarly described in terms of power laws in the flare Fourier power spectrum, without the need to invoke a narrowband, oscillatory component. As a result the prevalence of oscillatory signatures in solar and stellar flares may be less than previously believed. The physical mechanism behind the appearance of the observed power laws is discussed.
description: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
The effect of incarceration during pregnancy on birth outcomes.
Creators: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1997

description: OBJECTIVE: This study examined the effect of incarceration during pregnancy on infant birth weight.

METHODS: North Carolina prison records were matched to North Carolina birth certificates and health services records to identify 94 women who were incarcerated during one pregnancy but not incarcerated during another pregnancy. Paired analyses examined differences between the pregnancies in terms of the women's characteristics and use of health services. A generalized estimating equations analysis modeled infant birth weight as a function of the number of days that a woman was incarcerated during pregnancy, accounting for the correlation between the birth weights of two infants born to the same mother and several potentially confounding variables.

RESULTS: Since the women were significantly more likely to have been incarcerated during the second of the pair of pregnancies, as a group they were significantly older and had more children at the time of the incarcerated pregnancy than at the time of the home pregnancy. After controlling for important covariates, a higher number of pregnancy days spent incarcerated was found to be associated with higher infant birth weight.

CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that aspects of the prison environment such as shelter and regular meals may enhance pregnancy outcomes among very high risk women. Health professionals should join others in efforts to assure that health-promoting resources such as adequate shelter, nutritional support, and substance abuse treatment programs are available to all pregnant women.
Quantum fluctuations masquerade as halos: Bounds on ultra-light dark matter from quadruply-imaged quasars
Creators: name: Laroche, Alexander
name: Gilman, Daniel
name: Li, Xinyu
name: Bovy, Jo
name: Du, Xiaolong
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Ultra-light dark matter (ULDM) refers to a class of theories, including ultra-light axions, in which particles with mass $m_ψ < 10^{-20}\, \rm{eV}$ comprise a significant fraction of the dark matter. A galactic scale de Broglie wavelength distinguishes these theories from cold dark matter (CDM), suppressing the overall abundance of structure on sub-galactic scales, and producing wave-like interference phenomena in the density profiles of halos. With the aim of constraining the particle mass, we analyze the flux ratios in a sample of eleven quadruple-image strong gravitational lenses. We account for the suppression of the halo mass function and concentration-mass relation predicted by ULDM theories, and the wave-like fluctuations in the host halo density profile, calibrating the model for the wave interference against numerical simulations of galactic-scale halos. We show that the granular structure of halo density profiles, in particular, the amplitude of the fluctuations, significantly impacts image flux ratios, and therefore inferences on the particle mass derived from these data. We infer relative likelihoods of CDM to ULDM of 8:1, 7:1, 6:1, and 4:1 for particle masses $\log_{10}(m_ψ/\rm{eV})\in[-22.5,-22.25], [-22.25,-22.0],[-22.0,-21.75], [-21.75,-21.5]$, respectively. Repeating the analysis and omitting fluctuations associated with the wave interference effects, we obtain relative likelihoods of CDM to ULDM with a particle mass in the same ranges of 98:1, 48:1, 26:1 and 18:1, highlighting the significant perturbation to image flux ratios associated with the fluctuations. Nevertheless, our results disfavor the lightest particle masses with $m_ψ < 10^{-21.5}\,\rm{eV}$, adding to mounting pressure on ultra-light axions as a viable dark matter candidate.
description: 17 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Domestic violence and sexually transmitted diseases: the experience of prenatal care parents
Creators: name: Martin, S. L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: OBJECTIVES: The authors analyzed interview responses of patients at a prenatal care clinic to explore whether women who had been victims of sexual and physical abuse were more likely than non-victimized women to have experienced a sexually transmitted disease (STD).

METHODS: A consecutive sample of 774 prenatal patients of a large health department in North Carolina were interviewed concerning a variety of health issues, including violence and STDs. Logistic regression analysis was used to model the women's STD status as a function of their experiences of sexual and physical abuse, controlling for several potentially confounding factors.

RESULTS: Thirty percent of the women reported having experienced at least one STD, with the most common infections being chlamydia and gonorrhea. Twenty-eight percent of the women reported having been victims of abuse; 16% reported physical abuse only, while 12% reported both physical and sexual abuse. The majority of violence was domestic in nature, perpetrated by the victims' husbands, boyfriends, male friends, and relatives. After controlling for confounding variables, the authors found that women who reported both physical and sexual abuse were significantly more likely to have experienced STDs than non-victims (odds ratio [OR] = 2.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37, 3.69). The logistic regression analysis also showed a relationship of borderline statistical significance between non-sexual physical abuse and STDs.

CONCLUSIONS: Health care providers should routinely screen patients for both abuse and STDs, and they should assist identified women in accessing appropriate health, social, and legal services.
Practice article. Implementation of EPA's worker protection standard training for agricultural laborers: an evaluation using North Carolina data
Creators: name: Arcury, T. A.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 1999

description: The US Environmental Protection Agency has promulgated a Worker Protection Standard which requires that farmworkers receive pesticide safety training. The implementation of these regulations has not been evaluated. Using data collected through personal interviews with 270 Hispanic farmworkers recruited from 35 labor sites in an eight-county area, the authors analyzed the extent to which farmworkers received pesticide safety training, characteristics of the training, and variations in knowledge and safety behavior. Approximately a third of the farmworkers reported having ever received information or training on pesticide safety, and 25.6% reported having received training in the year in which they were interviewed. Workers with H2A visas were significantly more likely to have received training than workers without these visas. The training received varied in location, duration, and language. Most included the use of a video, as well as verbal presentation, and most included printed materials. However, few workers knew the ways in which they could be exposed to pesticides or reported using any method to protect themselves from pesticide exposure.
A general rule for predicting the magnetic moment of Cobalt-based Heusler compounds using compressed sensing and density functional theory
Creators: name: Bhattacharjee, Satadeep
name: Lee, Seung-Cheol
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a general rule for estimating the magnetic moments of Co$ 2$(cobalt)-based Heusler alloys, especially when doped with late transition metals. We come up with a descriptor that can characterise both pure Co$_2$YZ compounds and the doped ones with the chemical formula Co$_2$Y$_{1-x}$M$_x$Z (M is the dopant) using online data for magnetic moments of Heusler alloys with Co$_2$YZ structure and compressive sensing approach. The newly proposed descriptor not only depends on the number of valence electrons of the compound also it depends on the number of unoccupied d-electrons in the doping site. A comparison of the performance of the proposed descriptor and the Slater-Pauling rule is made. Unlike the Slater-Pauling rule, which is only effective for half-metallic Heusler compounds, our machine-learning approach is more generic since it applies to any Co$_2$YZ Heusler compounds, regardless of whether they are half-metals or not. We use this new rule to estimate the magnetic moments of a few yet-to-be-discovered Heusler compounds and compare the results to density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. Finally, we use DFT and machine learning investigations to prove their stability.
Present accelerated expansion of the universe from new Weyl-Integrable gravity approach
Creators: name: Aguila, Ricardo
name: Aguilar, José Edgar Madriz
name: Moreno, Claudia
name: Bellini, Mauricio
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We investigate if a recently introduced formulation of general relativity on a Weyl-integrable geometry, contains cosmological solutions exhibiting acceleration in the present cosmic expansion. We derive the general conditions to have acceleration in the expansion of the universe and obtain a particular solution for the Weyl scalar field describing a cosmological model for the present time in concordance with the data combination Planck + WP + BAO + SN.
description: Version to be published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Developing an aqueous approach for synthesizing Au and M@Au (M = Pd, CuPt) hybrid nanostars with plasmonic properties
Creators: name: Du, Jingshan
name: Yu, Junjie
name: Xiong, Yalin
name: Lin, Zhuoqing
name: Zhang, Hui
name: Yang, Deren
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph)
subject: Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Anisotropic Au nanoparticles show unique localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) properties, which make it attractive in optical, sensing, and biomedical applications. In this contribution, we report a general and facile strategy towards aqueous synthesis of Au and M@Au (M = Pd, CuPt) hybrid nanostars by reducing HAuCl4 with ethanolamine in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). According to electron microscopic observation and spectral monitoring, we found that the layered epitaxial growth mode (i.e., Frank-van der Merwe mechanism) contributes to the enlargement of the core, while, the random attachment of Au nanoclusters onto the cores accounts for the formation of the branches. Both of them are indispensable for the formation of the nanostars. The LSPR properties of the Au nanoparticles have been well investigated with morphology control via precursor amount and growth temperature. The Au nanostars showed improved surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) performance for rhodamine 6G due to their sharp edges and tips, which were therefore confirmed as good SERS substrate to detect trace amount of molecules.
description: 8 pages, 8 figures, full paper accepted for publication in PCCP. Identical to the Accepted Manuscript
title: Characterization of Trailing Line Vortices
Creators: name: Mossi, Karla M.
Publisher: name: Old Dominion University
publisherIdentifier: https://ror.org/04zjtrb98
publisherIdentifierScheme: ROR
Year: 1992

description: Mean velocity surveys were taken for axial or trailing line vortices produced behind a bi-wing vortex generator in a low-speed wind tunnel. Data were taken primarily with a seven-hole probe at a speed of 30m/s; but vortex steadiness was studied using smoke flow visualization over a speed range between 10 and 40 m/s. Various generator center body configurations were studied, with particular interest directed toward how a centerline jet and an asymmetric, unsteady circumferential flow influenced the mean velocity profiles. This study found that a centerline jet did not produce a well-behaved two-cell vortex over the parametric range available in the wind tunnel. Mean velocity profiles that were produced when circumferential disturbances were introduced via the center body were found to be identical, within experimental error, to mean profiles produced behind the same configuration with the injection slots taped. Since vortex stability, with respect to vortex breakdown, has been delineated using Rossby number, steady vortex velocity profiles have been identified in terms of local Rossby and Reynolds number. Using an axial-based Reynolds number, these experiments covered a Reynolds number range of 8,900 to 21,400 and the Rossby number varied between 0.99 and 2.20.
Lou2023_InfantGutPhages
Creators: name: Lou, Yue Clare
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 310799
subject: Microbiology not elsewhere classified

description: Manuscript-relevant datasheets and genome filesGenome Files:indi_fastas.tar - individual dereplicated phage genomesLou2023_NIHL_RepPhageGenomes.fna - concatenated dereplicated phage genomes

Lou2023_NIHL_RepPhageGenomes.faa - concatenated dereplicated phage protein sequencesNIHL_Yr123_dRepRefGenomes.fna - all dereplicated bacterial genomesLou2023_EukContigs.fasta - all eukaryotic contigs (n=36) identified in this study using geNomad viral taxonomy
Teens' Images of Smoking and Smokers
Creators: name: Spigner, C.
name: Ureda, J.
name: Luke, Douglas
name: Allen, Peg
name: Tassler, P.
name: Headen, S.
name: Crawford, Myra
name: Arian, Gretchen
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2001

description: The authors used qualitative and quantitative data to identify and interpret specific images teens have about smoking and smokers. Qualitative data were collected in 1996 from 793 teenagers participating in 125 focus groups at eight different sites across the United States. Most focus groups were homogeneous with respect to gender, ethnicity, and smoking status. Ages ranged from 12 to 18 years, and about half of the participants were female. The majority of participants (62%) were white and African American, the remainder (38%) were Hispanic, American Indian, and Asian/Pacific Islander. Groups were comprised of smoking and nonsmoking teens. Focus group activities were used to elicit image-related discussions about attitudes, beliefs, and perceptions of smoking. Investigators identified seven consistent and distinctive image themes: Appearance (smoking is dirty and unattractive), Activity (nonsmokers have busy, active lives), Drugs and sex (smokers are substance abusers and are sexually active), Rebellion (smokers belong to rebellious groups), Affect (smokers are depressed, angry, and stressed-out), In control (nonsmokers have self-control and are independent), and Pride (nonsmokers are proud of themselves, their families, and their heritage). A large scale, multi-site qualitative research approach can increase understanding of teen smoking. The identification of distinctive images of smoking can help researchers develop more sophisticated models of the processes of teen smoking than currently exist.
A Neural Network approach to reconstructing SuperKEKB beam parameters from beamstrahlung
Creators: name: Di Carlo, S.
name: Bonvicini, G.
name: Althubiti, N. A.
name: Ayad, R.
name: De La Cruz-Burelo, E.
name: Domínguez, I.
name: Bashir, B. O. El
name: Farhat, H.
name: Flanagan, J.
name: Gillard, R.
name: Gamez, S. Izaguirre
name: Kanazawa, K.
name: Kumara, K.
name: Liventsev, D.
name: Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.
name: Ricalde-Herrmann, D.
name: Perez, D. Rodriguez
name: Tejeda-Muñoz, G.
name: de la Cruz, M. Tobiyama I. Heredia
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This work shows how it is possible to reconstruct SuperKEKB's beam parameters using a Neural Network with beamstrahlung signal from the Large Angle Beamstrahlung Monitor (LABM) as input. We describe the device, the model, and discuss the results.
description: 22 pages, 12 Figures, submitted to Nuclear Instr. Methods A