cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Two-Loop Hexa-Box Integrals for Non-Planar Five-Point One-Mass Processes
Creators: name: Abreu, Samuel
name: Ita, Harald
name: Page, Ben
name: Tschernow, Wladimir
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present the calculation of the three distinct non-planar hexa-box topologies for five-point one-mass processes. These three topologies are required to obtain the two-loop virtual QCD corrections for two-jet-associated W, Z or Higgs-boson production. Each topology is solved by obtaining a pure basis of master integrals and efficiently constructing the associated differential equation with numerical sampling and unitarity-cut techniques. We present compact expressions for the alphabet of these non-planar integrals, and discuss some properties of their symbol. Notably, we observe that the extended Steinmann relations are in general not satisfied. Finally, we solve the differential equations in terms of generalized power series and provide high-precision values in different regions of phase space which can be used as boundary conditions for subsequent evaluations.
Islands in Multiverse Models
Creators: name: Aguilar-Gutierrez, Sergio E.
name: Chatwin-Davies, Aidan
name: Hertog, Thomas
name: Pinzani-Fokeeva, Natalia
name: Robinson, Brandon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We consider multiverse models in two-dimensional linear dilaton-gravity theories as toy models of false vacuum eternal inflation. Coupling conformal matter we calculate the Von Neumann entropy of subregions. When these are sufficiently large we find that an island develops covering most of the rest of the multiverse, leading to a Page-like transition. This resonates with a description of multiverse models in semiclassical quantum cosmology, where a measure for local predictions is given by saddle point geometries which coarse-grain over any structure associated with eternal inflation beyond one's patch.
description: 54 pages, 20 figures; v2 reflects accepted version; v3 added erratum and companion addendum
Complexity reduction in resonant open quantum system Tavis-Cummings model with quantum circuit mapping
Creators: name: Marinkovic, Marina
name: Radulaski, Marina
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022

description: vis-Cummings (TC) cavity quantum electrodynamical effects, describing the interaction of N atoms with an optical resonator, are at the core of atomic, optical and solid state physics. The full numerical simulation of TC dynamics scales exponentially with the number of atoms. By restricting the open quantum system to a single excitation, typical of experimental realizations in quantum optics, we analytically solve the TC model with an arbitrary number of atoms achieving reduced modeling complexity. This solution allows us to devise the Quantum Mapping Algorithm of Resonator Interaction with N Atoms (Q-MARINA), an intuitive TC mapping to a quantum circuit with linear space and time scaling, whose N+1 qubits represent atoms and a lossy cavity, while the dynamics is encoded through 2N entangling gates. Finally, we benchmark the robustness of the algorithm on a quantum simulator and superconducting quantum processors against the quantum master equation solution on a classical computer.
description: arXiv
Piloting standardisation-support services for research projects: Preliminary findings
Creators: name: Giuffrida, Maria
name: De Majo, Claudio
name: Ferguson, Nicholas
name: Ivana, Mijatovic
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2024
Subjects: Standards
CWAS
CEN

description: This poster was presented at the 28th EURAS Annual Standardisation Conference – Comprehensive Standardisation for Societal Challenges – which was held in Delft, The Netherlands, in June 2024. HSBooster.eu (HSB), a Horizon Europe-funded pilot initiative, aims to integrate standards in EU-funded R&I projects per European Commission guidelines. As of April 2024, HSB has delivered over 170 consultancy services to 146 projects, with some receiving multiple or extended support. Additionally, HSB has conducted 8 deep-dive workshop series for project clusters and identified 4 projects for CEN Workshop Agreements preparation support.
title:  Il contributo della giurisprudenza del Tribunale penale per la ex Iugoslavia all’interpretazione della nozione di genocidio, in particolare alla luce dei casi Karadžić e Mladić.
Creators: name: Lattanzi, Flavia
Publisher: name: RomaTrE-Press
Year: 2019

description: Il 24 marzo 2016 e il 22 novembre 2017 sono state rispettivamente rese in prima istanza le due sentenze nei casi Karadžić, ex-Presidente della Repubblica serba di B-E e Mladić, Capo di stato maggiore dell’esercito della Repubblica al tempo dei crimini allegati nell’atto di accusa. Entrambi gli accusati sono stati condannati per crimini di guerra e crimini contro l’umanità commessi per tutto il territorio della B-E e per il genocidio commesso nell’area di Srebrenica, enclave sotto protezione delle Nazioni Unite (c.d. safe areas). L’Autrice svolge un’analisi della sentenza Karadžić, con qualche accenno a - e comparazione con - la sentenza Mladić. Il suo intento è quello di mostrare come il Tribunale penale per la ex Iugoslavia abbia, con queste sentenze, dato un contributo decisivo a chiarire la nozione di distruzione totale o parziale di un gruppo come tale quale elemento costitutivo del genocidio.
description: Diritto internazionale e valori umanitari
Thought experiments in a quantum computer
Creators: name: Nurgalieva, Nuriya
name: Mathis, Simon
name: del Rio, Lídia
name: Renner, Renato
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a software package that allows users to design and run simulations of thought experiments in quantum theory. In particular, it covers cases where several reasoning agents are modelled as quantum systems, such as Wigner's friend experiment. Users can customize the protocol of the experiment, the inner workings of agents (including a quantum circuit that models their reasoning process), the abstract logical system used (which may or not allow agents to combine premises and make inferences about each other's reasoning), and the interpretation of quantum theory used by different agents. Our open-source software is written in a quantum programming language, ProjectQ, and runs on classical or quantum hardware. As an example, we model the Frauchiger-Renner extended Wigner's friend thought experiment, where agents are allowed to measure each other's physical memories, and make inferences about each other's reasoning.
description: arXiv
A twin-jet structure rather than jet-rotation in the young stellar object OMC 2/FIR 6b
Creators: name: Soker, Noam
name: Bublitz, Jesse
name: Kastner, Joel H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyse recent high-quality Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) molecular line mapping observations of the northeast jet of the young stellar object (YSO) OMC 2/FIR6b (HOPS-60) and find that these ALMA observations are much more likely to indicate a twin-jet structure than jet rotation, as previously hypothesized. The interpretation of the line of sight velocity gradient across (perpendicular to its axis) the northeast jet of Fir6b in terms of jet rotation leads to jet-launching radii of ~2-3AU. However, the velocities of the jets ~100-400 km/s are much larger than the escape speed from these radii. We argue that the northeast jet of FIR6b is instead compatible with a twin-jet structure, as observed in some planetary nebulae. Specifically, we find that the main, redshifted jet emanating from the central YSO is composed of two, very closely aligned, narrower jets that were launched by the central YSO at about the same time but at different inclinations with respect to the plain of the sky. This twin-jet structure removes the extreme requirement that jets with velocities similar to the escape velocity from the YSO be launched from very large radii. The YSO FIR6b and certain planetary nebulae also share the characteristics of unequal structures and intensities of their two opposing bipolar jets. We propose that such opposing lobe asymmetries can result from a sub-stellar binary companion on an eccentric orbit that is inclined to the accretion disk plane.
description: Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal
title: Journal of Family Research, Vol 20 No 3 (2008): Forschungsbeiträge aus den Disziplinen
title: Forschungsbeiträge aus den Disziplinen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Journal Of Family Research
Publisher: name: Journal of Family Research
Year: 2008

description: Editorial...p. 227-228 Die Rolle des Sexuallebens in einer romantischen Partnerschaft für die Beziehungszufriedenheit. Der Fragebogen zum Erleben von Sexualität in engen Partnerschaften (FESP)...p. 229-246 „Ich und meine Familie“ – Reflexionen von Scheidungskindern über ihre Familie...p. 247-270 Wer nutzt Internetkontaktbörsen in Deutschland?...p. 271-292 Die Auswirkungen häuslicher Pflege auf die Arbeitsteilung in der Familie...p. 293-321 Die Bündelung familienbezogener Leistungen bei einem Parafiskus. Eine Zusammenfassung bisheriger Überlegungen und eine Einordnung in die aktuelle Debatte...p. 322-340
title: Journal of Family Research, Vol 20 No 2 (2008): Forschungsbeiträge aus den Disziplinen
title: Forschungsbeiträge aus den Disziplinen
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Journal Of Family Research
Publisher: name: Journal of Family Research
Year: 2008

description: Editorial...p. 105-106 Medienerziehung in der Familie: Regeln und Motive, Umfang und Auswirkungen der Nutzung von Computer, Fernseher und Videokonsole...p. 107-130 Beziehungserfahrungen und Partnerschaftsverläufe vor der Heirat. Eine empirische Analyse von Angehörigen der Eheschließungskohorte 1999-2005...p. 131-156 Kontakte mit Nichten und Neffen – Eine empirische Analyse von vernachlässigten Verwandtschaftsbeziehungen...p. 157-184 Dyadisches Coping Inventar (DCI): Ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung des partnerschaftlichen Umgangs mit Stress...p. 185-202 Karl Mannheims „Problem der Generationen“ – 80 Jahre danach...p. 203-221
A Case for Self-Managing DRAM Chips: Improving Performance, Efficiency, Reliability, and Security via Autonomous in-DRAM Maintenance Operations
Creators: name: Hassan, Hasan
name: Olgun, Ataberk
name: Yaglikci, A. Giray
name: Luo, Haocong
name: Mutlu, Onur
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The memory controller is in charge of managing DRAM maintenance operations (e.g., refresh, RowHammer protection, memory scrubbing) in current DRAM chips. Implementing new maintenance operations often necessitates modifications in the DRAM interface, memory controller, and potentially other system components. Such modifications are only possible with a new DRAM standard, which takes a long time to develop, leading to slow progress in DRAM systems. In this paper, our goal is to 1) ease the process of enabling new DRAM maintenance operations and 2) enable more efficient in-DRAM maintenance operations. Our idea is to set the memory controller free from managing DRAM maintenance. To this end, we propose Self-Managing DRAM (SMD), a new low-cost DRAM architecture that enables implementing new in-DRAM maintenance mechanisms (or modifying old ones) with no further changes in the DRAM interface, memory controller, or other system components. We use SMD to implement new in-DRAM maintenance mechanisms for three use cases: 1) periodic refresh, 2) RowHammer protection, and 3) memory scrubbing. Our evaluations show that SMD-based maintenance operations significantly improve the system performance and energy efficiency while providing higher reliability compared to conventional DDR4 DRAM. A combination of SMD-based maintenance mechanisms that perform refresh, RowHammer protection, and memory scrubbing achieve 7.6% speedup and consume 5.2% less DRAM energy on average across 20 memory-intensive four-core workloads. We make SMD source code openly and freely available at [129].
description: arXiv
Gravity of Two Photon Decay and its Quantum Coherence
Creators: name: Mackewicz, Kris
name: Hogan, Craig
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: A linear analytical solution is derived for the gravitational shock wave produced by a particle of mass $M$ that decays into a pair of null particles. The resulting space-time is shown to be unperturbed and isotropic, except for a discontinuous perturbation on a spherical null shell. Formulae are derived for the perturbation as a function of polar angle, as measured by an observer at the origin observing clocks on a sphere at distance $R$. The effect of the shock is interpreted physically as an instantaneous displacement in time and velocity when the shock passes the clocks. The time displacement is shown to be anisotropic, dominated by a quadrupole harmonic aligned with the particle-decay axis, with a magnitude $δτ\sim GM/c^3$, independent of $R$. The velocity displacement is isotropic. The solution is used to derive the gravitational effect of a quantum state with a superposition of a large number of randomly oriented, statistically isotropic particle decays. This approach is shown to provide a well-controlled approximation to estimate the magnitude of gravitational fluctuations in systems composed of null point particles up to the Planck energy in a causal diamond of duration $τ= 2R/c$, as well as quantum-gravitational fluctuations of black holes and cosmological horizons. Coherent large-angle quantum distortions of macroscopic geometry from fluctuations up to the Planck scale are shown to grow linearly with the duration, with a variance $\langle δτ^2\rangle\sim τt_P$ much larger than that produced in models without causal quantum coherence.
description: 24 pages, 4 figures. Some revisions made in v2 to better explain importance of coherence in casual diamond. v2 matches version to be published in Classical and Quantum Gravity
title: Journal of Family Research, Vol 20 No 1 (2008): Ein Rückblick
title: Ein Rückblick
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Journal Of Family Research
Publisher: name: Journal of Family Research
Year: 2008

description: Editorial...p. 3-10 Einflüsse von Lebensstilmerkmalen auf den Übergang in die erste Ehe...p. 11-33 Entwicklungen in der Reproduktionsmedizin – mit welchen Konsequenzen müssen wir uns auseinandersetzen?...p. 34-61 Entwicklungen in der Pränataldiagnostik. Verändertes Erleben der Schwangerschaft und Auswirkungen bei pathologischem fetalen Befund...p. 62-79 Stress und Coping bei Eltern von einem Kind mit einem Down-Syndrom. Die Überprüfung eines theoretischen Modells...p. 80-96 ifb-Mitteilungen...p. 97-100
Utopia: Efficient Address Translation using Hybrid Virtual-to-Physical Address Mapping
Creators: name: Kanellopoulos, Constantinos
name: Bera, Rahul
name: Stojiljkovic, Kosta
name: Firtina, Can
name: Ausavarungnirun, Rachata
name: Hajinazar, Nastaran
name: Park, Jisung
name: Vijaykumar, Nandita
name: Mutlu, Onur
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Hardware Architecture (cs.AR)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: The conventional virtual-to-physical address mapping scheme enables a virtual address to flexibly map to any physical address. This flexibility necessitates large data structures to store virtual-to-physical mappings, which incurs significantly high address translation latency and translation-induced interference in the memory hierarchy, especially in data-intensive workloads. Restricting the address mapping so that a virtual address can map to only a specific set of physical addresses can significantly reduce the overheads associated with the conventional address translation by making use of compact and more efficient translation structures. However, restricting the address mapping flexibility across the entire main memory severely limits data sharing across different processes and increases memory under-utilization. In this work, we propose Utopia, a new hybrid virtual-to-physical address mapping scheme that allows both flexible and restrictive hash-based address mapping schemes to co-exist in a system. The key idea of Utopia is to manage the physical memory using two types of physical memory segments: restrictive segments and flexible segments. A restrictive segment uses a restrictive, hash-based address mapping scheme to map the virtual addresses to only a specific set of physical addresses and enable faster address translation using compact and efficient translation structures. A flexible segment is similar to the conventional address mapping scheme and provides full virtual-to-physical address mapping flexibility. By mapping data to a restrictive segment, Utopia enables faster address translation with lower translation-induced interference whenever a flexible address mapping is not necessary. Our evaluation using 11 data-intensive workloads shows that Utopia improves performance by 32% on average in single-core workloads over the baseline four-level radix-tree page table design.
description: arXiv
Resonating Delay Equation
Creators: name: Ohira, Kenta
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems (nlin.AO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose here a delay differential equation that exhibits a new type of resonating oscillatory dynamics. The oscillatory transient dynamics appear and disappear as the delay is increased between zero to asymptotically large delay. The optimal height of the power spectrum of the dynamical trajectory is observed with the suitably tuned delay. This resonant behavior contrasts itself against the general behaviors where an increase of delay parameter leads to the persistence of oscillations or more complex dynamics.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures, Accepted and to appear in EPL at the following DOI; version3 Fixed some typos in the equations
A priori subcell limiting approach for the FR/CPR method on unstructured meshes
Creators: name: Shi, Guo-Quan
name: Zhu, Huajun
name: Yan, Zhen-Guo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: G.1.8

description: A priori subcell limiting approach is developed for high-order flux reconstruction/correction procedure via reconstruction (FR/CPR) on two-dimensional unstructured quadrilateral meshes. Firstly, a modified indicator based on modal energy coefficients is proposed to detect troubled cells. Then, troubled cells are decomposed into nonuniform subcells and each subcell has one solution point. A second-order finite difference shock-capturing scheme based on nonuniform nonlinear weighted (NNW) interpolation is constructed to calculate troubled cells while smooth cells are calculated by the CPR method. Numerical investigations show that the subcell limiting strategy on unstructured quadrilateral meshes is robust in shock-capturing.
description: 25 pages, 32 figures
nuReality: A VR environment for research of pedestrian and autonomous vehicle interactions
Creators: name: Schmitt, Paul
name: Britten, Nicholas
name: Jeong, JiHyun
name: Coffey, Amelia
name: Clark, Kevin
name: Kothawade, Shweta Sunil
name: Grigore, Elena Corina
name: Khaw, Adam
name: Konopka, Christopher
name: Pham, Linh
name: Ryan, Kim
name: Schmitt, Christopher
name: Pandya, Aryaman
name: Frazzoli, Emilio
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Robotics (cs.RO)
FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present nuReality, a virtual reality 'VR' environment designed to test the efficacy of vehicular behaviors to communicate intent during interactions between autonomous vehicles 'AVs' and pedestrians at urban intersections. In this project we focus on expressive behaviors as a means for pedestrians to readily recognize the underlying intent of the AV's movements. VR is an ideal tool to use to test these situations as it can be immersive and place subjects into these potentially dangerous scenarios without risk. nuReality provides a novel and immersive virtual reality environment that includes numerous visual details (road and building texturing, parked cars, swaying tree limbs) as well as auditory details (birds chirping, cars honking in the distance, people talking). In these files we present the nuReality environment, its 10 unique vehicle behavior scenarios, and the Unreal Engine and Autodesk Maya source files for each scenario. The files are publicly released as open source at www.nuReality.org, to support the academic community studying the critical AV-pedestrian interaction.
description: arXiv
CHARACTERIZING FUNCTION OF FAT AND FOAM IN GLIAL CELLS: AGING, INJURY AND NEURODEGENERATION
Creators: name: Manchanda, Palak
Publisher: name: Purdue University Graduate School
Year: 2025
Subjects: classificationCode: 340102
subject: Bioassays
classificationCode: 340104
subject: Flow analysis
classificationCode: 340199
subject: Analytical chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: Lipid droplets (LDs) are emerging as dynamic regulators of cellular metabolism and immune function in the central nervous system, with implications extending across aging, injury, and neurodegenerative disease. This thesis investigates how LD accumulation in glial cells—particularly microglia and astrocytes—transforms from a protective lipid-buffering state ("fat") to a pathological, inflammatory phenotype ("foam"). This work delineates the mechanisms and consequences of glial lipid droplet dysregulation, offering a unifying framework for understanding glial dysfunction in diverse neuropathological contexts.In the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), LD-laden microglia exhibit impaired amyloid-beta (Aβ) phagocytosis and accumulate in plaque-rich regions. Mechanistic experiments reveal that exposure to Aβ induces a shift in microglial lipid metabolism via activation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2). Degradation of DGAT2 in aged 5xFAD mice significantly reduced microglial LD burden, and attenuated plaque load and neuritic dystrophy in vivo, supporting DGAT2 as a therapeutic target for reversing foam-like microglial dysfunction in late-stage AD​. In the aging brain, mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired lipid turnover drive progressive LD accumulation in glial cells, fostering metabolic stress and proinflammatory signaling. In models of spinal cord injury, rapid lipid influx and oxidative damage trigger robust glial LD formation. While initially protective, chronic LD persistence disrupts phagocytosis and contributes to sustained neuroinflammation. Astrocyte-specific deletion of Ccn1, a secreted matricellular protein, further impairs lipid metabolism and debris clearance in white matter injury, underscoring the importance of astrocyte–microglia crosstalk in regulating LD dynamics​. Methodologically, the thesis integrates multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and ozone electrospray ionization (OzESI) to provide structural and quantitative resolution of neutral lipid species and their isomers.Collectively, this work advances a lipid-centric framework for studying glial biology in aging and disease. It demonstrates that LD accumulation is not merely a byproduct of dysfunction but a modifiable node that actively shapes glial responses to stress, damage, and degeneration. The "Fat-to-Foam" model presented here provides conceptual and experimental foundations for understanding glial transitions in neurodegeneration and opens new avenues for targeted lipid-based interventions in neurological disease.
A self-contained karma economy for the dynamic allocation of common resources
Creators: name: Elokda, Ezzat
name: Bolognani, Saverio
name: Censi, Andrea
name: Dörfler, Florian
name: Frazzoli, Emilio
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Theoretical Economics (econ.TH)
Computer Science and Game Theory (cs.GT)
Systems and Control (eess.SY)
Optimization and Control (math.OC)
FOS: Economics and business
FOS: Computer and information sciences
FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
FOS: Mathematics
Dynamic resource allocation
Artificial currency mechanisms
Karma mechanisms
Dynamic population games

description: This paper presents karma mechanisms, a novel approach to the repeated allocation of a scarce resource among competing agents over an infinite time. Examples of such resource allocation problems include deciding which trip requests to serve in a ride-hailing platform during peak demand, granting the right of way in intersections, or admitting internet content to a fast channel for improved quality of service. We study a simplified yet insightful formulation of these problems where at every time two agents from a large population get randomly matched to compete over the resource. The intuitive interpretation of a karma mechanism is "If I give in now, I will be rewarded in the future." Agents compete in an auction-like setting where they bid units of karma, which circulates directly among them and is self-contained in the system. We demonstrate that this allows a society of self-interested agents to achieve high levels of efficiency without resorting to a (possibly problematic) monetary pricing of the resource. We model karma mechanisms as dynamic population games, in which agents have private states - their urgency to acquire the resource and how much karma they have - that vary in time based on their strategic decisions. We adopt the stationary Nash equilibrium as the solution concept and prove its existence. We then analyze the performance at the stationary Nash equilibrium numerically. For the case where the agents have homogeneous preferences, we compare different mechanism design choices which allow to strike trade-offs between efficiency and fairness metrics, showing how it is possible to achieve an efficient and ex-post fair allocation when the agents are future aware. Finally, we test the robustness of the mechanisms against heterogeneity in the urgency processes and the future awareness of the agents and propose remedies to some of the observed phenomena via karma redistribution.
description: arXiv
Strain sensitive flexible magnetoelectric ceramic nanocomposites
Creators: name: Kim, Min-Soo
name: Kim, Donghoon
name: Aktas, Buse
name: Choi, Hongsoo
name: Puigmarti-Luis, Josep
name: Nelson, Bradley
name: Chen, Xiang-Zhong
name: Pané, Salvador
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2022
Subjects: Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)
Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)
FOS: Physical sciences

description: Advanced flexible electronics and soft robotics require the development and implementation of flexible functional materials. Magnetoelectric (ME) oxide materials can convert magnetic input into electric output and vice versa, making them excellent candidates for advanced sensing, actuating, data storage, and communication. However, their application has been limited to rigid devices due to their brittle nature. Here, we report flexible ME oxide composite (BaTiO3/CoFe2O4) thin film nanostructures that can be transferred onto a stretchable substrate such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In contrast to rigid bulk counterparts, these ceramic nanostructures display a flexible behavior and exhibit reversibly tunable ME coupling via mechanical stretching. We believe our study can open up new avenues for integrating ceramic ME composites into flexible electronics and soft robotic devices.
description: arXiv
Sustained mechanical tension governs fibrogenic activation of tendon stromal cells in systemic sclerosis
Creators: name: Hussien, Amro A.
name: Knell, Robert
name: Renoux, Florian
name: Wunderli, Stefania
name: Niederöst, Barbara
name: Foolen, Jasper
name: Distler, Oliver
name: Snedeker, Jess Gerrit
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: Fibrosis is a pathological outcome of aberrant repair responses in systemic sclerosis and affects many tissues, including tendons. Progressive matrix stiffening is a key feature of this pathological remodeling. How dysregulated tissue mechanics contribute to the persistence of the fibrotic phenotype has been obscured by limited availability of experimental tissue models that are both controllable and capture essential aspects of the tendon biophysical niche. Here, we developed a modular, cantilever-based platform that allows culture of 3D tendon-like constructs under easily variable static tension, emulating this central tendon-specific structure function relationship. The system reveals that elevated matrix tension instigates fibroblast-to-myofibroblast activation eliciting scar-like phenotypes in vitro. By using this mechano-culture system and preclinical and clinical models of systemic sclerosis, we further show that 3D matrix stiffness is inversely correlated with the transcription of major pro-fibrotic collagens, but positively correlate with the expression of markers of stromal-immune interactions. Co-culture of tendon stromal fibroblasts and bone marrow-derived macrophages override stiffness-mediated downregulation of matrix transcription, suggesting that normal tension mediated checkpoints are superseded by the local tissue immune state. Our study highlights the power of 3D reductionist approaches in dissecting the contribution of the elevated matrix tension to the positive feedforward loops between activated fibroblasts and progressive ECM stiffening in systemic sclerosis.
description: bioRxiv
Thermal axion production at low temperatures: a smooth treatment of the QCD phase transition
Creators: name: D'Eramo, Francesco
name: Hajkarim, Fazlollah
name: Yun, Seokhoon
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study thermal axion production around the confinement scale. At higher temperatures, we extend current calculations to account for the masses of heavy quarks, whereas we quantify production via hadron scattering at lower temperatures. Matching our results between the two opposite regimes provides us with a continuous axion production rate across the QCD phase transition. We employ such a rate to quantify the axion contribution to the effective number of neutrino species.
description: 6 pages, 3 figures, version published in Physical Review Letters
Process-oriented models of autumn leaf phenology: ways to sound calibration and implications of uncertain projections
Creators: name: Meier, Michael
name: Bigler, Christof
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2023
Subjects: Climate change
Decidous trees
Leaf senescence
Optimization algorithms
Sampling procedures
Site-specific calibration
Species-specific calibration
Tree phenology

description: Autumn leaf phenology marks the end of the growing season, during which trees assimilate atmospheric CO2. Since autumn leaf phenology responds to climatic conditions, climate change affects the length of the growing season. Thus, autumn leaf phenology is often modelled to assess possible climate change effects on future CO2 mitigating capacities and species compositions of forests. Projected trends have been mainly discussed with regards to model performance and climate change scenarios. However, there has been no systematic and thorough evaluation of how performance and projections are affected by the calibration approach. Here, we analyzed >2.3 million performances and 39 million projections across 21 models, 5 optimization algorithms, ≥7 sampling procedures, and 26 climate model chains from two representative concentration pathways. Calibration and validation were based on >45 000 observations for beech, oak, and larch from 500 Central European sites each.

Phenology models had the largest influence on model performance. The best performing models were (1) driven by daily temperature, day length, and partly by seasonal temperature or spring leaf phenology and (2) calibrated with the Generalized Simulated Annealing algorithm (3) based on systematically balanced or stratified samples. Assuming an advancing spring phenology, projected autumn phenology shifts between 13 and +20 days by 2080–2099, resulting in a lengthening of the growing season by 7–40 days. Climate scenarios and sites explained more than 80 % of the variance in these shifts and thus had eight to 22 times the influence of phenology models. Warmer climate scenarios and better performing models predominantly extended the growing season more than cooler scenarios and poorer models.

Our results justify inferences from comparisons of process-oriented phenology models to phenology-driving processes and we advocate species-specific models for such analyses and subsequent projections. For sound calibration, we recommend a combination of cross-validations and independent tests, using randomly selected sites from stratified bins based on mean annual temperature and average autumn phenology, respectively. Poor performance and little influence of phenology models on autumn phenology projections suggest that the models are overlooking relevant drivers. While the uncertain projections indicate an extension of the growing season, further studies are needed to develop models that adequately consider the relevant processes for autumn phenology.
description: EGUsphere
Genome compartmentalization predates species divergence in the plant pathogen genus Zymoseptoria
Creators: name: Feurtey, Alice
name: Croll, Daniel
name: Eschenbrenner, Christoph
name: Freitag, Michael
name: Habig, Michael
name: Haueisen, Janine
name: Möller, Mareike
name: Schotanus, Klaas
name: Stukenbrock, Eva H.
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2020

description: Background: Antagonistic co-evolution can drive rapid adaptation in pathogens and shape genome architecture. Comparative genome analyses of several fungal pathogens revealed highly variable genomes, for many species characterized by specific repeat-rich genome compartments with exceptionally high sequence variability. Dynamic genome structure may enable fast adaptation to host genetics. The wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici with its highly variable genome, has emerged as a model organism to study genome evolution of plant pathogens. Here, we compared genomes of Z. tritici isolates and of sister species infecting wild grasses to address the evolution of genome composition and structure.

Results: Using long-read technology, we sequenced and assembled genomes of Z. ardabiliae, Z. brevis, Z. pseudotritici and Z. passerinii, together with two isolates of Z. tritici. We report a high extent of genome collinearity among Zymoseptoria species and high conservation of genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures of compartmentalization. We identify high gene content variability both within and between species. In addition, such variability is mainly limited to the accessory chromosomes and accessory compartments. Despite strong host specificity and non-overlapping host-range between species, predicted effectors are mainly shared among Zymoseptoria species, yet exhibiting a high level of presence-absence polymorphism within Z. tritici. Using in planta transcriptomic data from Z. tritici, we suggest different roles for the shared orthologs and for the accessory genes during infection of their hosts.

Conclusion: Despite previous reports of high genomic plasticity in Z. tritici, we describe here a high level of conservation in genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic composition and structure across the genus Zymoseptoria. The compartmentalized genome allows the maintenance of a functional core genome co-occurring with a highly variable accessory genome.
description: Research Square
description: ISSN:2693-5015
Conway Subgroup Symmetric Compactifications Redux
Creators: name: Baykara, Zihni Kaan
name: Harvey, Jeffrey A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We extend the investigation of special toroidal compactifications of heterotic string theory for which the half-BPS states provide representations of subgroups of the Conway group. We also explore dual descriptions of these theories and find that they are all linked to either F-theory or type IIA string theory on K3 surfaces with symplectic automorphism groups that are the same Conway subgroups as those of the heterotic dual. The matching with type IIA K3 dual theories includes both the matching of symmetry groups and a comparison between the Narain lattice on the heterotic side and the cohomology lattice on the type IIA side. We present twelve examples where we can identify a type IIA dual K3 orbifold theory as the dual description of the heterotic theory. In addition, we include a Mathematica package that performs most of the computations required for these comparisons.
description: 28 pages
The stiffness-sensitive transcriptome of human tendon stromal cells
Creators: name: Hussien, Amro A.
name: Niederöst, Barbara
name: Bollhalder, Maja
name: Goedecke, Nils
name: Snedeker, Jess Gerrit
Publisher: name: ETH Zurich
Year: 2021

description: Matrix stiffness and its effects on tensional homeostasis act as major regulators of cellular states in health and disease. Stiffness-sensing studies are typically performed using cells that have acquired “mechanical memory” through prolonged propagation in rigid mechanical environments, e.g. tissue culture plastic (TCP). This may potentially mask the full extent of the stiffness-driven mechanosensing programs. To address this, we developed a biomaterial system composed of two-dimensional mechano-variant silicone substrates that is permissive to large-scale cell culture expansion processes. We broadly mapped the stiffness-mediated mechano-responses by performing RNA sequencing on human tendon-derived stromal cells. We find that matrix rigidities approximating tendon microscale stiffness range (E. ~35 kPa) distinctly favor programs related to chromatin remodeling and Hippo signaling; whereas more compliant stiffnesses (E. 2 kPa) were enriched in responses related to pluripotency, synapse assembly and angiogenesis. We also find that tendon stromal cells undergo dramatic phenotypic drift on conventional TCP, with near-complete suppression of tendon-related genes and emergence of expression signatures skewed towards fibro-inflammatory and metabolic activation. Strikingly, mechano-variant substrates abrogate fibroblasts activation, with tenogenic stiffnesses inducing a transcriptional program that strongly correlate with established tendon tissue-specific signatures. Computational inference predicted that AKT1 and ERK1/2 are major signaling hubs mediating stiffness-sensing in tendon cells. Together, our findings highlight how the underlying biophysical cues may dictate the transcriptional identity of resident cells, and how matrix mechano-reciprocity regulates diverse sets of previously underappreciated mechanosensitive processes in tendon stromal fibroblasts.
description: bioRxiv
Laser-assisted neutral Higgs-boson pair production in Inert Higgs Doublet Model (IHDM)
Creators: name: Ouhammou, M.
name: Ouali, M.
name: Taj, S.
name: Attaourti, Y.
name: Manaut, B.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In the framework of the Inert Higgs Doublet model (IHDM), we have investigated, in the center of mass frame, the neutral Higgs-boson pair production in the presence of an intense and circularly polarized laser field via ${e}^{+} {e}^{-}$ annihilation $({e}^{+} {e}^{-}\rightarrow H^{0}A^{0})$ at the lowest order. By using the scattering matrix method, we have derived the analytical expression of the differential cross section. The latter is numerically integrated over the solid angle to obtain the total cross section. Then, we have shown how this total cross section depends on the outgoing particles mass for different number of exchanged photons. Next, we have illustrated its variation as a function of the centre of mass energy for different neutral Higgs-boson masses. Finally, we have indicated how it changes as a function of the laser field amplitudes for both different number of exchanged photons and different neutral Higgs-bosons masses.
description: 10 pages, 6 figures
The Glue Factories of Casolla: Archaeology of the Structures of a Proto-Industrial Bioclimatic System
Creators: name: Bosco, Antonio
name: Bosco, Roberto
name: Guerriero, Luigi
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2020
Subjects: architectural restoration; industrial archaeology; bioclimatology; historic sites

description: In the borough of Casolla, near Caserta, a large number of proto-industrial buildings still exist that were used for the production of animal glue between the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The driers, an integral part of these structures, characterise the urban landscape, emerging with their long, high volumes from the mass of traditional buildings. The position and orientation of the driers of the glue factories (known as collére), as they can still be seen today, were chosen solely for the purpose of achieving a very specific natural regime for the internal microclimate, aimed at maximising air flow and speed in order to accelerate the glue drying process. These formal aspects have been preserved until today, despite the changes made by the owners in order to transform the old driers into modern houses. The glue factories of Casolla, with their driers, constitute a "unicum" from an architectural point of view. A partial and updated re-proposal of the ancient production processes would be unimaginable for conservative purposes, because of their harmfulness to human health and their negative impact on the surrounding environment. That is why their conservation may only take place through refunctionalisation, respecting the typological characteristics and material consistency of the old factories. This type of strategy would be particularly effective due to the specific characteristics of the driers, as it would allow these special characteristics of the cultural landscape of the Caserta area to be preserved.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 19 (2019)
Religious Differences and Radical Spatial Transformations in Historic Urban Landscape
Creators: name: Dastgerdi, Ahmadreza Shirvani
name: De Luca, Giuseppe
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2020
Subjects: historic urban landscape; minorities; transformations; federalism

description: Historic quarters have been a significant component in creating the identity of historical cities in Iran. In the contemporary era, many of these historic landscapes have faced the collapse of their traditional and social foundations and been subjected to the degradation of their cultural, social and physical values. Given the dominant role of religion in the orientation of the political system in Iran, this article examines how religious differences have created significant spatial transformations in historic urban landscapes for religious minorities. Selecting the historic Armenian quarter in Isfahan (Julfa) as the case study, a new model for the preservation of historic landscapes in ghettos on a national scale has been proposed after having carried out the relevant research. Given the capacities in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the findings of this research show that the model of federalism, if integrated into public policy, can promote the social freedom and rights of religious minorities in Iran by increasing the participation of local community and consequently, result in the sustainability of historic urban landscapes in the planning process.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 19 (2019)
Large and small field inflation from hyperbolic sigma models
Creators: name: Schimmrigk, Rolf
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2021
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Long standing themes in inflation include the issue of large field vs. small field inflation as well as the question what fraction of phase space leads to sufficient inflation, and furthermore is compatible with the experimental data. In the present paper these issues are discussed in the context of modular inflation, a specialization of the framework of automorphic nonlinear $σ$-models associated to homogeneous spaces $G/K$ in which the continuous shift symmetry group $G$ is weakly broken to discrete subgroups $Γ$. The target spaces of these theories inherit a curved structure from the group $G$, which in the case of modular invariant inflation leads to a hyperbolic field space geometry. It is shown that in this class of models the symmetry structure leads to both large and small field inflationary trajectories within a single modular inflation model. The present paper analyzes the concrete model of $j$-inflation, a hyperbolic model with nontrivial inflaton interactions. It describes in some detail the structure of the initial conditions, including a systematic analysis of several phenomenological functions on the target space, leading to constraints on the curvature scalar of the field space by upcoming experiments, as well as a discussion of the scaling behavior of the spectral index, the finite volume fraction of the field space leading to sufficient inflation, the attractor behavior of $j$-inflation, and a comparison of inflaton trajectories vs. target space geodesics. The tensor-ratio analysis shows that $j$-inflation is an interesting target for upcoming ground and satellite experiments.
Mobile Cultural Heritage Apps for the Digital Literacy of the Dayak Tribe, Borneo, Indonesia
Creators: name: Budiman, Edy
name: Wati, Masna
name: Norhidayat, Norhidayat
Publisher: name: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage
Year: 2020
Subjects: mobile cultural heritage; Dayak tribe; framework

description: Digital mobile devices and cultural heritage should be framed within the traditional knowledge management system as an informal learning tool in supporting cultural digital literacy to help build a comprehensive picture of a nation's identity. To this end, the paper develops a mobile cultural heritage application for the traditional knowledge management system of the Dayak tribe in Borneo. The method for its development refers to the 5R Architecture Framework. Information contents for the knowledge management system refer to the cultural heritage domain in UNESCO and the domain of the Indonesian Archipelago Culture Initiatives (IACI) organization. The result was the development of a prototype of a mobile cultural heritage app. It was presented to demonstrate how the use of a cultural framework can offer insight into how 5R adaptation features and IACI content are able to complement traditional cultural heritage pedagogies by providing mobile learning at the Right Time, in the Right Location, to the Right Users, with the right Device and the Right Content.
description: Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, Vol 19 (2019)