cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Results of a 2-year randomized, controlled obesity prevention trial: Effects on diet, activity and sleep behaviors in an at-risk young adult population
Creators: name: Lytle, Leslie A.
name: Hannan, Peter J.
name: Linde, Jennifer A.
name: Nanney, Marilyn S.
name: Moe, Stacey G.
name: Laska, Melissa N.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2016

description: Excess weight gain tends to occur in young adulthood. However, research examining effective weight-related interventions for this age group has been limited. As one of seven trials in the EARLY Trials consortium (Early Adult Reduction of weight through LifestYle intervention), the CHOICES Study (Choosing Healthy Options in College Environments and Settings) tested effects of a technology-integrated, young adult weight gain prevention intervention. It was a randomized controlled trial with assessments at baseline (2011) and 4-, 12- and 24-months post-intervention initiation and included 441 participants (ages 18-35) who were students at three Minnesota community colleges. The 24-month intervention included a 1-credit academic course and social networking and support online intervention. This analysis examined effects on 12 secondary behavioral outcomes across three domains: diet (fast food, sugary beverages, breakfast, at-home meal preparation), physical activity/screen time (minutes and energy expenditure in leisure time physical activity, television viewing, leisure time computer use) and sleep (hours of sleep, time required to fall asleep, days not getting enough rest, difficulty staying awake). The intervention resulted in significant reductions in fast food (p=0.007) but increases in difficulty staying awake (p=0.015). There was limited evidence of other behavior changes at 4 months (0.05<p<0.1) in the expected direction but differences by treatment condition dissipated over time. Analyses examining summary treatment effects (i.e., modeling effects on all behavioral outcomes simultaneously) indicated significant overall effects (p=0.014), largely driven by 4-month results (p=0.005). Additional research is needed to understand effective obesity prevention among young adults, particularly when addressing multiple weight-related outcomes.
title: TRY TO LIVE : ανάπτυξη βιντεοπαιχνιδιού επιβίωσης βολών πρώτου προσώπου με την βοήθεια τεχνητής νοημοσύνης
title: TRY TO LIVE : development of a first-person shooter survival video game with artificial intelligence techniques
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Φωτιάδης, Φώτιος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Unity engine
subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: 3D
subject: Video games
subject: C#
subject: FSM
subject: Βιντεοπαιχνίδι
subject: Τεχνητή νοημοσύνη

description: Στην παρούσα διπλωματική παραθέτεται ο τρόπος υλοποίησης του TRY TO LIVE, που είναι βιντεοπαιχνίδι επιβίωσης βολών πρώτου προσώπου (First Person Shooter Game), με την χρήση του Unity και της γλώσσας προγραμματισμού C#. Ύστερα από μια εισαγωγή και μια γενικότερη προσέγγιση πάνω στα βίντεο παιχνίδια, γίνεται μια παρουσίαση για τις μηχανές τρισδιάστατων γραφικών και την γλώσσα προγραμματισμού που χρησιμοποιήθηκε. Κατόπιν, αναφέρονται οι προδιαγραφές που απαιτούνται από έναν υπολογιστή για να τρέξει η εφαρμογή και εξιστορείται η πλοκή (back story) πάνω στην οποία βασίζεται το TRY TO LIVE. Ακολούθως, παρουσιάζεται η σχεδίαση των διαπροσωποιών της εφαρμογής και παρατίθενται τα διάφορα scripts μαζί με τις λειτουργίες τους. Τέλος, γίνεται λεπτομερής ανάλυση του gameplay του παιχνιδιού μαζί με screenshots.
title: Δημιουργία ενός πράκτορα ΤΝ με ανθρώπινη συμπεριφορά, χρήσημοποιώντας την ιεραρχία των αναγκών του Maslow και την αρχιτεκτονική σχεδιασμού δράσης με προσανατολισμό το στόχο (GOAP) στη μηχανή της Unity
title: Creating an AI agent with human-like behavior using Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Goal Oriented Action Planning in Unity engine
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Μάλλιαρης, Δημήτριος
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Τεχνητή νοημοσύνη
subject: Μηχανή Unity
subject: Σχεδιασμός δράσης με προσανατολισμό το στόχο
subject: Έξυπνοι πράκτορες
subject: Ιεραρχία των αναγκών του Maslow
subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
subject: Goal Oriented Action Planning
subject: Unity engine

description: Η ανάγκη είναι κάτι που είναι απαραίτητο προκειμένου να ζήσει ένας οργανισμός μία υγιή ζωή. Οι άνθρωποι, όντας τα πιο έξυπνα ζώα, σύμφωνα με τα ανθρώπινα πρότυπα, έχουν πολύ πιο περίπλοκη ιεραρχία αναγκών από άλλα πλάσματα. Το 1943, ο Abraham Maslow πρότεινε την «Ιεραρχία των αναγκών του Maslow» σε μια προσπάθεια να περιγράψει τι οδηγεί και παρακινεί τους ανθρώπους. Αυτή η εργασία εστιάζει στην ιδέα μιας προσομοίωσης που εκτελείται στη μηχανή της Unity, χρησιμοποιώντας πράκτορες τεχνητής νοημοσύνης που «σκέφτονται» και «δρουν» με ανθρώπινο τρόπο. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται χρησιμοποιώντας ένα σύστημα Δράσης/Στόχου, ακολουθώντας τις αρχές της αρχιτεκτονικής “Δράσης με προσανατολισμό το στόχο” ή GOAP. Η μετάβαση από τον θεωρητικό ορισμό κάθε ανάγκης στην ιεραρχία του Maslow, σε μια πιο απτή αναπαράσταση, δηλαδή σε μια μορφή που μπορεί να γίνει κατανοητή από έναν πράκτορα τεχνητής νοημοσύνης, είναι ένα πολύ δύσκολο επίτευγμα. Αυτό αποδεικνύεται πρόβλημα, ειδικά καθώς ανεβαίνουμε στην ιεραρχία, διότι οι ανάγκες γίνονται όλο και πιο αφηρημένες. Επομένως, σε αυτή την εργασία, η ιδέα της ανάγκης μεταγράφεται στην πολύ πιο απλοϊκή ιδέα ενός Στόχου, που ικανοποιείται μέσω μιας σειράς Δράσεων. Επιπλέον, λόγω των παραπάνω δυσκολιών, σε αυτή την εργασία, θα διερευνήσουμε μόνο κάποιες από τις βιολογικές ανάγκες της ιεραρχίας του Maslow.
e-Data-V3
Creators: name: Chen, Yue
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Electrochemical energy storage and conversion

description: This e-Data contains all the data contributing to the study described in the manuscript " Nanoarchitecture factors of solid electrolyte interphase formation via 3D nano-rheology microscopy and surface force-distance spectroscopy", including descriptions of the data sets, manufacturing drawings of EC-AFM cell, LabVIEW data capture script and the developed code for reconstructing 3D-NRM force curves into tomography slices.
Acoustics of word-final S
Creators: name: Plag, Ingo
name: Homann, Julia
name: Kunter, Gero
Publisher: name: Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf
Year: 2019
Subjects: morphology
phonetics
linguistics
English

description: Recent research has shown that homophonous lexemes show systematic phonetic differences (e.g. Gahl 2008, Drager 2011), with important consequences for models of speech production such as Levelt et al. (1999). These findings also pose the question of whether similar differences hold for allegedly homophonous affixes (instead of free lexemes). Earlier experimental research found some evidence that morphemic and nonmorphemic sounds may differ acoustically (Walsh & Parker 1983, Losiewicz 1992). This paper investigates this question by analyzing the phonetic realization of non-morphemic /s/ and /z/, and of six different English /s/ and /z/ morphemes (plural, genitive, genitive-plural and 3rd person singular, as well as cliticized forms of has and is). The analysis is based on more than 600 tokens extracted from conversational speech (Buckeye Corpus, Pitt et al. 2007). Two important results emerge. First, there are significant differences in acoustic duration between some morphemic /s/’s and /z/’s and non-morphemic /s/ and /z/, respectively. Second, there are significant differences in duration between some of the morphemes. These findings challenge standard assumptions in morphological theory, lexical phonology and models of speech production.
TRANSLATING ITALO CALVINO: HOW CLOSE READING AND COMPARISONS CAN ILLUMINATE THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES OF THE TRANSLATION PROCESS
Creators: name: Twigg, Peter
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: I have chosen to translate passages from two works by Italo Calvino (1923-1985) into English. The first, a novel, was his first publication, Il sentiero dei nidi di ragno, Torino: Einaudi, October 1947. Two English translations of it have been published: the first, The Path to the Nest of Spiders by Archibald Colquhoun, London: Jonathan Cape, 1956, and the second, The Path to the Spiders’ Nests (including the author’s 1964 Preface, translated by William Weaver), by Martin McLaughlin, New York: Random House, 1998. It is the first of these that I have used as a comparison with my own translation. Interestingly, Colquhoun’s translation was re-published by Penguin in 2009 in a form revised by McLaughlin. Colquhoun (1912-1964) was a leading early translator of modern Italian literature into English. As well as those of Calvino, his translations of Manzoni and Lampedusa were highly successful. He was the first recipient of the PEN Translation prize.
Can direct collapse black holes launch gamma-ray bursts and grow to supermassive black holes?
Creators: name: Matsumoto, Tatsuya
name: Nakauchi, Daisuke
name: Ioka, Kunihito
name: Heger, Alexander
name: Nakamura, Takashi
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The existence of black holes (BHs) of mass ~ 10^{9} M_sun at z > 6 is a big puzzle in astrophysics because even optimistic estimates of the accretion time are insufficient for stellar mass BHs of ~ 10 M_sun to grow into such supermassive BHs. A resolution of this puzzle might be the direct collapse of supermassive stars with mass M ~ 10^{5} M_sun into massive seed BHs. We find that if a jet is launched from the accretion disk around the central BH, the jet can break out the star because of the structure of the radiation pressure-dominated envelope. Such ultra-long gamma-ray bursts with duration of ~ 10^{4} - 10^{6} s and flux of 10^{-11} - 10^{-8} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2} could be detectable by Swift. We estimate an event rate of < 1yr^{-1}. The total explosion energy is > 10^{55} - 10^{56} erg. The resulting negative feedback delays the growth of the remnant BH by about 70 Myr or evacuates the host galaxy completely.
description: My first paper; 9 pages, 8 figures v2, minor corrections, Accepted for the Astrophysical Journal
Review: Cesare Pavese. The Moon and the Bonfires. Translated by Tim Parkes (Penguin Classics, 2021)
Creators: name: Twigg, Peter
Publisher: name: Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 200323 Translation and Interpretation Studies
subject: FOS: Languages and literature
subject: 200309 Italian Language

description: Review and comparison with earlier published translations of this important novel. Parkes' translation meets the needs of this generation successfully.
Matching pion-nucleon Roy-Steiner equations to chiral perturbation theory
Creators: name: Hoferichter, Martin
name: de Elvira, Jacobo Ruiz
name: Kubis, Bastian
name: Meißner, Ulf-G.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We match the results for the subthreshold parameters of pion-nucleon scattering obtained from a solution of Roy-Steiner equations to chiral perturbation theory up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order, to extract the pertinent low-energy constants including a comprehensive analysis of systematic uncertainties and correlations. We study the convergence of the chiral series by investigating the chiral expansion of threshold parameters up to the same order and discuss the role of the Δ(1232) resonance in this context. Results for the low-energy constants are also presented in the counting scheme usually applied in chiral nuclear effective field theory, where they serve as crucial input to determine the long-range part of the nucleon-nucleon potential as well as three-nucleon forces.
description: 6 pages, 4 tables; version to appear in PRL
title: Δημιουργία προσομοιωτή φάρμας αλληλεπίδρασης παίκτη-ζώου χρησιμοποιώντας έξυπνους πράκτορες ΤΝ που χρησιμοποιούν την αρχιτεκτονική του Δέντρου Συμπεριφοράς στη μηχανή Unity
title: Creating a player-animal interaction farm simulator using smart Animal AI agents that utilize the Behaviour Tree architecture in Unity
titleType: AlternativeTitle
Creators: name: Τράγα, Μαρία
Publisher: name: Πανεπιστήμιο Πειραιώς
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Artificial intelligence
subject: Smart agents
subject: Behaviour Tree Architecture
subject: Unity engine
subject: Τεχνητή νοημοσύνη
subject: Έξυπνοι πράκτορες
subject: Αρχιτεκτονική του Δέντρου Συμπεριφοράς

description: Η ακόλουθη μεταπτυχιακή διατριβή, υλοποιεί έξυπνα ζώα με τεχνητή νοημοσύνη χρησιμοποιώντας την αρχιτεκτονική του Δέντρου Συμπεριφοράς. Αυτή η υλοποίηση έγινε μέσω της μηχανής Unity σε ένα περιβάλλον που προσομοιάζει παιχνίδι, όπου ο χρήστης μπορεί να αλληλεπιδράσει με διάφορα μέρη του κόσμου. Τέτοιες αλληλεπιδράσεις περιλαμβάνουν την ικανότητα να φυτεύονται καλλιέργειες που αναπτύσσονται με το πέρασμα του χρόνου, τη χρήση διαφόρων εργαλείων σε ορισμένα αντικείμενα καθώς και την αλληλεπίδραση με χαρακτήρες που είναι είτε οι έξυπνοι πράκτορες είτε ακίνητα αντικείμενα όπως το κατάστημα. Επιπλέον, το έργο περιλαμβάνει το πέρασμα του χρόνου από τη μέρα στη νύχτα και αντίστροφα καθώς και ένα σύστημα αποθήκευσης αντικειμένων αλλά και ένα κατάστημα για αγοραπωλησίες αυτών. Τέλος, οι έξυπνοι πράκτορες έχουν συγκεκριμένες ανάγκες που πρέπει να ικανοποιήσουν όπως ορίζεται από τη δομή του Δέντρου Συμπεριφοράς. Συγκεκριμένα, έχουν υλοποιηθεί οι βασικές τους ανάγκες που είναι η δίψα, η πείνα, η κούραση, η στοργή προς τον χρήστη και η συνολική τους ευτυχία.
Less is More when Gluinos Mediate
Creators: name: Nachman, Benjamin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Compressed mass spectra are generally more difficult to identify than spectra with large splittings. In particular, gluino pair production with four high energy top or bottom quarks leaves a striking signature in a detector. However, if any of the mass splittings are compressed, the power of traditional techniques may deteriorate. Searches for direct stop/sbottom pair production can fill in the gaps. As a demonstration, we show that for $\tilde{g}\rightarrow t\tilde{t}_1$ and $m_{\tilde{t}_1}\sim m_{\tildeχ_1^0}$, limits on the stop mass at 8 TeV can be extended by least 300 GeV for a 1.1 TeV gluino using a $pp\rightarrow \tilde{t}_1\tilde{t}_1$ search. At 13 TeV, the effective cross section for the gluino mediated process is twice the direct stop/sbottom pair production cross section, suggesting that direct stop/sbottom searches could be sensitive to discover new physics earlier than expected.
Additional file 1 of Genome-wide transcriptome and gene family analysis reveal candidate genes associated with potassium uptake of maize colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
Creators: name: Xu, Yunjian
name: Yan, Yixiu
name: Zhou, Tianyi
name: Chun, Jianhui
name: Tu, Yuanchao
name: Yang, Xinyu
name: Qin, Jie
name: Ou, Luyan
name: Ye, Liang
name: Liu, Fang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Plant Biology

description: Supplementary Material 1.
Supplemental Material
Creators: name: LEI, LIN
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2023
Subjects: Veterinary medicine (excl. urology)

description: During the transition period in dairy cows, high circulating concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) increase hepatic lipid deposits and are regarded as a major pathological factor for liver damage. We investigated whether AdipoRon (purchased from MedChemExpress), a synthetic small-molecule agonist of adiponectin receptors 1 and 2 shown to prevent liver lipid accumulation in non-ruminants, can alleviate NEFA-induced lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Bovine hepatocytes were isolated from five healthy Holstein female newborn calves (1 d of age, 30-40 kg, fasting), and independently isolated hepatocytes from at least three different calves were used for each following experiment. The composition and concentration of NEFA used in this study were selected according to hematological criteria of dairy cows with fatty liver or ketosis. First, hepatocytes were cultured with various concentrations of NEFA (0, 0.6, 1.2, or 2.4 mM) for 12 h. In a second experiment, hepatocytes were treated with AdipoRon at different concentrations (0, 5, 25, or 50 μM for 12 h) and times (25 μM AdipoRon for 0, 6, 12, or 24 h) with or without NEFA (1.2 mM) treatment. In the last experiment, hepatocytes were treated with AdipoRon (25 μM), NEFA (1.2 mM), or both for 12 h after treatment with or without the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Hepatocytes treated with NEFA had increased protein abundance of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and mRNA abundance of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA), and decreased protein abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARA), proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COX IV), and mRNA abundance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) along with lower ATP concentrations. AdipoRon treatment reversed these effects, suggesting this compound had a positive effect on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction during the NEFA challenge. In addition, the upregulation of expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (also called LC3-II, encoded by MAP1LC3) and downregulation of sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62) indicated that AdipoRon enhanced autophagic activity in hepatocytes. The fact that CQ impeded the beneficial effects of AdipoRon on lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction suggested a direct role for autophagy during NEFA challenge. Our results suggest that autophagy is an important cellular mechanism to prevent NEFA-induced lipid accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction in bovine hepatocytes, which is consistent with other studies. Overall, AdipoRon may represent a promising therapeutic agent to maintain hepatic lipid homeostasis and mitochondrial function in dairy cows during the transition period.
Child-resistant and tamper-resistant packaging: A systematic review to inform tobacco packaging regulation
Creators: name: Dresler, Carolyn M.
name: Jo, Catherine L.
name: Ambs, Anita
name: Backinger, Cathy L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: We aimed to investigate the effects of special packaging (child-resistant, adult-friendly) and tamper-resistant packaging on health and behavioral outcomes in order to identify research gaps and implications for packaging standards for tobacco products.
Synthesizing and tuning chemical reaction networks with specified behaviours
Creators: name: Dalchau, Neil
name: Murphy, Niall
name: Petersen, Rasmus
name: Yordanov, Boyan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: C.4; F.3.1; G.1.6; I.2.2
subject: 68U99

description: We consider how to generate chemical reaction networks (CRNs) from functional specifications. We propose a two-stage approach that combines synthesis by satisfiability modulo theories and Markov chain Monte Carlo based optimisation. First, we identify candidate CRNs that have the possibility to produce correct computations for a given finite set of inputs. We then optimise the reaction rates of each CRN using a combination of stochastic search techniques applied to the chemical master equation, simultaneously improving the of correct behaviour and ruling out spurious solutions. In addition, we use techniques from continuous time Markov chain theory to study the expected termination time for each CRN. We illustrate our approach by identifying CRNs for majority decision-making and division computation, which includes the identification of both known and unknown networks.
description: 17 pages, 6 figures, appeared the proceedings of the 21st conference on DNA Computing and Molecular Programming, 2015
Detecting prediabetes among Hispanics/Latinos from diverse heritage groups: Does the test matter? Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos
Creators: name: Avilés-Santa, M. Larissa
name: Kaplan, Robert C.
name: Cai, Jianwen
name: Teng, Yanping
name: Giachello, Aida L.
name: Talavera, Gregory A.
name: Cowie, Catherine C.
name: Schneiderman, Neil
name: Savage, Peter J.
name: Pérez, Cynthia M.
name: Suárez, Erick L.
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: The objectives of this analysis were to compare the ability of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post oral load plasma glucose (2hPG), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) to identify U.S. Hispanic/Latino individuals with prediabetes, and to assess its cardiovascular risk factor correlates.
The program and results of fractal p calculation for the community samples in Brown University's foraminiferal database
Creators: name: Gao, Junfeng
name: Su, Qiang
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 60202 Community Ecology (excl. Invasive Species Ecology)
subject: FOS: Biological sciences

description: Code1: Calculate the fractal p for the community samples in Brown University's foraminiferal database, and establish empirical temperature - fractal p relationships (the mean fractal p and T in 5° × 5° grids)
Code2: Establish the relationships between temperature and species diversity using the representative metrics of diversity (Species Richness (S), Shannon - Weaver index (H'), Simpson’s index (D), Pielou's evenness (J))Table 1: Mean fractal p and SST in 5°×5° grids.Table 2: Fractal p and the goodness of fit (R2) for original samples (BFD)Table 3: The percentage distribution of the goodness of fit (R2) for Fractal model
The continuum limit of a 4-dimensional causal set scalar d'Alembertian
Creators: name: Belenchia, Alessio
name: Benincasa, Dionigi M. T.
name: Dowker, Fay
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: The continuum limit of a 4-dimensional, discrete d'Alembertian operator for scalar fields on causal sets is studied. The continuum limit of the mean of this operator in the Poisson point process in 4-dimensional Minkowski spacetime is shown to be the usual continuum scalar d'Alembertian $\Box$. It is shown that the mean is close to the limit when there exists a frame in which the scalar field is slowly varying on a scale set by the density of the Poisson process. The continuum limit of the mean of the causal set d'Alembertian in 4-dimensional curved spacetime is shown to equal $\Box - \frac{1}{2}R$, where $R$ is the Ricci scalar, under certain conditions on the spacetime and the scalar field.
description: 31 pages, 2 figures. Slightly revised version, accepted for publication in Classical and Quantum Gravity
Surface Chemistry of the Molecular Solar Thermal Energy Storage System 2,3-Dicyano-Norbornadiene/Quadricyclane on Ni(111)
Creators: name: Hemauer, Felix
name: Bauer, Udo
name: Fromm, Lukas
name: Weiß, Cornelius
name: Leng, Andreas
name: Bachmann, Philipp
name: Düll, Fabian
name: Steinhauer, Johann
name: Schwaab, Valentin
name: Papp, Christian
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: catalysis
subject: energy storage
subject: MOST system
subject: photoelectron spectroscopy
subject: surface reactions
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: Molecular solar thermal (MOST) systems are a promising approach for the introduction of sustainable energy storage solutions. We investigated the feasibility of the dicyano-substituted norbornadiene/quadricyclane molecule pair on Ni(111) for catalytic model studies. This derivatization is known to lead to a desired bathochromic shift of the absorption maximum of the parent compound. In our experiments further favorable properties were found: At low temperatures, both molecules adsorb intact without any dissociation. In situ temperature-programmed HR-XPS experiments reveal the conversion of (CN)2-quadricyclane to (CN)2-norbornadiene under energy release between 175 and 260 K. The absence of other surface species due to side reactions indicates full isomerization. Further heating leads to the decomposition of the molecular framework into smaller carbonaceous fragments above 290 K and finally to amorphous structures, carbide and nitride above 400 K. DFT calculations gave insights into the adsorption geometries. (CN)2-norbornadiene is expected to interact stronger with the surface, with flat configurations being favorable. (CN)2-quadricyclane exhibits smaller adsorption energies with negligible differences for flat and side-on geometries. Simulated XP spectra are in good agreement with experimental findings further supporting the specific spectroscopic fingerprints for both valence isomers.
How hearing about harmful chemicals affects smokers' interest in dual use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes
Creators: name: Brewer, Noel T.
name: Pepper, Jessica K.
name: Ribisl, Kurt M.
name: Byron, M. Justin
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Substantial harm could result from concurrent cigarette and e-cigarette use (i.e., dual use) were it to undermine smoking cessation. Perceptions of chemical exposure and resulting harms may influence dual use. We conducted a probability-based phone survey of 1164 U.S. adult cigarette smokers in 2014–2015 and analyzed results in 2016. In a between-subjects experiment, smokers heard a hypothetical scenario in which cigarettes and e-cigarettes had the same amount of harmful chemicals or cigarettes had more chemicals than e-cigarettes (10× more, 100× more, or chemicals were present only in cigarettes). Smokers indicated how the scenario would change their interest in dual use and perceived health harms. Few smokers (7%) who heard that the products have the same amount of chemicals were interested in initiating or increasing dual use. However, more smokers were interested when told that cigarettes have 10× more chemicals than e-cigarettes (31%), 100× more chemicals than e-cigarettes (32%), or chemicals were present only in cigarettes (43%) (all p < .001). Individuals told that cigarettes have more chemicals were more likely than those in the “same amount” scenario to perceive that cigarettes would be more harmful than e-cigarettes (79% vs. 41%, OR = 5.41, 95% CI = 4.08–7.17). These harm perceptions partially explained the relationship between chemical scenario and dual use interest. Smokers associated higher chemical amounts in cigarettes versus e-cigarettes with greater health harms from cigarettes and thus expressed increased interest in dual use. The findings suggest that disclosing amounts of chemicals in cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol could unintentionally encourage dual use.
Small Concentration Asymptotics and Instrumental Variables Inference
Creators: name: Poskitt, D. S.
name: Skeels, C. L.
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2017
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Poskitt and Skeels (2003) provide a new approximation to the sampling distribution of the IV estimator in a simultaneous equations model, the approximation is appropriate when the concentration parameter associated with the reduced form model is small. A basic purpose of this paper is to provide the practitioner with easily implemented inferential tools based upon extensions to these small concentration asymptotic results. We present various approximations to the sampling distribution of functions of the IV estimator based upon small concentration asymptotics, and investigate hypothesis testing procedures and confidence region construction using these approximations. It is shown that the test statistics advanced are asymptotically pivotal and that the associated critical regions generate locally uniformly most powerful invariant tests. The confidence regions are also shown to be valid. The small-concentration asymptotic approximations lead to a non-standard application of standard distributions, facilitating numerical implementation using commonly available software.
MPEC 2023-Q133 : 2023 QM5
Creators: name: Minor Planet Center Staff
Publisher: name: The Minor Planet Center
Year: 2023
Subjects: subject: Small Solar System bodies
valueUri: http://astrothesaurus.org/uat/1469
subject: 2023 QM5

description: The Minor Planet Electronic Circulars contain information on unusual minor planets, routine data on comets and natural satellites, and occasional editorial announcements.  They are published on behalf of Division F of the International Astronomical Union by the Minor Planet Center, Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.
Online comprehension of conditionals in context: A self-paced reading study on wenn (‘if’) versus nur wenn (‘only if’) in German
Creators: name: Barthel, Mathias
name: Tomasello, Rosario
name: Liu, Mingya
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: onditional connectives
subject: conditionals
subject: German
subject: predictive processing
subject: self-paced reading
subject: 400 Sprache::410 Linguistik::410 Linguistik

description: Comprehending conditional statements is fundamental for hypothetical reasoning about situations. However, the online comprehension of conditional statements containing different conditional connectives is still debated. We report two self-paced reading experiments on German conditionals presenting the conditional connectives wenn (‘if’) and nur wenn (‘only if’) in identical discourse contexts. In Experiment 1, participants read a conditional sentence followed by the confirmed antecedent p and the confirmed or negated consequent q. The final, critical sentence was presented word by word and contained a positive or negative quantifier (ein/kein ‘one/no’). Reading times of the two quantifiers did not differ between the two conditional connectives. In Experiment 2, presenting a negated antecedent, reading times for the critical positive quantifier (ein) did not differ between conditional connectives, while reading times for the negative quantifier (kein) were shorter for nur wenn than for wenn. The results show that comprehenders form distinct predictions about discourse continuations due to differences in the lexical semantics of the tested conditional connectives, shedding light on the role of conditional connectives in the online interpretation of conditionals in general.
Moderate deviation principles for weakly interacting particle systems
Creators: name: Budhiraja, Amarjit
name: Wu, Ruoyu
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2017

description: Moderate deviation principles for empirical measure processes associated with weakly interacting Markov processes are established. Two families of models are considered: the first corresponds to a system of interacting diffusions whereas the second describes a collection of pure jump Markov processes with a countable state space. For both cases the moderate deviation principle is formulated in terms of a large deviation principle (LDP), with an appropriate speed function, for suitably centered and normalized empirical measure processes. For the first family of models the LDP is established in the path space of an appropriate Schwartz distribution space whereas for the second family the LDP is proved in the space of \(l_2\) (the Hilbert space of square summable sequences)-valued paths. Proofs rely on certain variational representations for exponential functionals of Brownian motions and Poisson random measures.
Time-Optimal Adaptation in Metabolic Network Models
Creators: name: Köbis, Markus A.
name: Bockmayr, Alexander
name: Steuer, Ralf
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: constraint-based modeling
subject: cellular metabolism
subject: flux balance analysis
subject: resource balance analysis
subject: dynamic enzyme-cost flux balance analysis
subject: optimal control
subject: overshoot metabolism
subject: luxury uptake
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie

description: Analysis of metabolic models using constraint-based optimization has emerged as an important computational technique to elucidate and eventually predict cellular metabolism and growth. In this work, we introduce time-optimal adaptation (TOA), a new constraint-based modeling approach that allows us to evaluate the fastest possible adaptation to a pre-defined cellular state while fulfilling a given set of dynamic and static constraints. TOA falls into the mathematical problem class of time-optimal control problems, and, in its general form, can be broadly applied and thereby extends most existing constraint-based modeling frameworks. Specifically, we introduce a general mathematical framework that captures many existing constraint-based methods and define TOA within this framework. We then exemplify TOA using a coarse-grained self-replicator model and demonstrate that TOA allows us to explain several well-known experimental phenomena that are difficult to explore using existing constraint-based analysis methods. We show that TOA predicts accumulation of storage compounds in constant environments, as well as overshoot uptake metabolism after periods of nutrient scarcity. TOA shows that organisms with internal temporal degrees of freedom, such as storage, can in most environments outperform organisms with a static intracellular composition. Furthermore, TOA reveals that organisms adapted to better growth conditions than present in the environment (“optimists”) typically outperform organisms adapted to poorer growth conditions (“pessimists”).
Response of moist and dry processes in atmospheric blocking to climate change
Creators: name: Steinfeld, Daniel
name: Sprenger, Michael
name: Beyerle, Urs
name: Pfahl, Stephan
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: atmospheric blocking
subject: latent heating
subject: moist and dry processes
subject: air parcel trajectories
subject: climate change
subject: extreme weather
subject: ensemble climate simulations
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::550 Geowissenschaften, Geologie::550 Geowissenschaften

description: Weather extremes are often associated with atmospheric blocking, but how the underlying physical processes leading to blocking respond to climate change is not yet fully understood. Here we track blocks as upper-level negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies and apply a Lagrangian analysis to 100 years of present-day (∼2000) and future (∼2100, under the RCP8.5 scenario) climate simulations restarted from the Community Earth System Model–Large Ensemble Project runs (CESM-LENS) to identify different physical processes and quantify how their relative importance changes in a warmer and more humid climate. The trajectories reveal two contrasting airstreams that both contribute to the formation and maintenance of blocking: latent heating in strongly ascending airstreams (moist processes) and quasi-adiabatic flow near the tropopause with weak radiative cooling (dry processes). Both are reproduced remarkably well when compared against ERA-Interim reanalysis, and their relative importance varies regionally and seasonally. The response of blocks to climate change is complex and differs regionally, with a general increase in the importance of moist processes due to stronger latent heating (+1 K in the median over the Northern Hemisphere) and a larger fraction (+15%) of strongly heated warm conveyor belt air masses, most pronounced over the storm tracks. Future blocks become larger (+7%) and their negative PV anomaly slightly intensifies (+0.8%). Using a Theil–Sen regression model, we propose that the increase in size and intensity is related to the increase in latent heating, resulting in stronger cross-isentropic transport of air with low PV into the blocking anticyclones. Our findings provide evidence that moist processes become more important for the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the midlatitudes, with the potential for larger and more intense blocks.
Thermodynamic assessment of heat stress in dairy cattle: lessons from human biometeorology
Creators: name: Foroushani, Sepehr
name: Amon, Thomas
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Heat stress
subject: Mechanistic model
subject: Thermoregulation
subject: Apparent temperature
subject: Thermoregulatory exhaustion index
subject: 600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche

description: A versatile meteorological index for predicting heat stress in dairy cattle remains elusive. Despite numerous attempts at developing such indices and widespread use of some, there is growing skepticism about the accuracy and adequacy of the existing indices as well as the general statistical approach used to develop them. At the same time, precision farming of high-yielding animals in a drastically changing climate calls for more effective prediction and alleviation of heat stress. The present paper revisits classical work on human biometeorology, particularly the apparent temperature scale, to draw inspiration for advancing research on heat stress in dairy cattle. The importance of a detailed, mechanistic understanding of heat transfer and thermoregulation is demonstrated and reiterated. A model from the literature is used to construct a framework for identifying and characterizing conditions of potential heat stress. New parameters are proposed to translate the heat flux calculations based on heat-balance models into more tangible and more useful meteorological indices, including an apparent temperature for cattle and a thermoregulatory exhaustion index. A validation gap in the literature is identified as the main hindrance to the further development and deployment of heat-balance models. Recommendations are presented for systematically addressing this gap in particular and continuing research within the proposed framework in general.
The multiplicative coalescent, inhomogeneous continuum random trees, and new universality classes for critical random graphs
Creators: name: van der Hofstad, Remco
name: Bhamidi, Shankar
name: Sen, Sanchayan
Publisher: name: The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University Libraries
Year: 2018

description: One major open conjecture in the area of critical random graphs, formulated by statistical physicists, and supported by a large amount of numerical evidence over the last decade (Braunstein et al. in Phys Rev Lett 91(16):168701, 2003; Wu et al. in Phys Rev Lett 96(14):148702, 2006; Braunstein et al. Int J Bifurc Chaos 17(07):2215–2255, 2007; Chen et al. in Phys Rev Lett 96(6):068702, 2006) is as follows: for a wide array of random graph models with degree exponent \(\tau \in (3,4)\), distances between typical points both within maximal components in the critical regime as well as on the minimal spanning tree on the giant component in the supercritical regime scale like \(n^{(\tau -3)/(\tau -1)}\). In this paper we study the metric space structure of maximal components of the multiplicative coalescent, in the regime where the sizes converge to excursions of Lévy processes “without replacement” (Aldous and Limic Electron in J Probab 3(3):59, 1998), yielding a completely new class of limiting random metric spaces. A by-product of the analysis yields the continuum scaling limit of one fundamental class of random graph models with degree exponent \(\tau \in (3,4)\) where edges are rescaled by \(n^{-(\tau -3)/(\tau -1)}\) yielding the first rigorous proof of the above conjecture. The limits in this case are compact “tree-like” random fractals with a dense collection of hubs (infinite degree vertices), a finite number of which are identified with leaves to form shortcuts. In a special case, we show that the Minkowski dimension of the limiting spaces equal \((\tau -2)/(\tau -3)\) a.s., in stark contrast to the Erdős-Rényi scaling limit whose Minkowski dimension is 2 a.s. It is generally believed that dynamic versions of a number of fundamental random graph models, as one moves from the barely subcritical to the critical regime can be approximated by the multiplicative coalescent. In work in progress, the general theory developed in this paper is used to prove analogous limit results for other random graph models with degree exponent \(\tau \in (3,4)\). Our proof makes crucial use of inhomogeneous continuum random trees (ICRT), which have previously arisen in the study of the entrance boundary of the additive coalescent. We show that tilted versions of the same objects using the associated mass measure, describe connectivity properties of the multiplicative coalescent. Since convergence of height processes of corresponding approximating \(\mathbf {p}\)-trees is not known, we use general methodology in Athreya et al. (2014) and develop novel techniques relying on first showing convergence in the Gromov-weak topology and then extending this to Gromov–Hausdorff–Prokhorov convergence by proving a global lower mass-bound.
Rabi oscillations of Morris-Shore transformed $N$-state systems by elliptically polarized ultrafast laser pulses
Creators: name: Kim, Hyosub
name: Song, Yunheung
name: Lee, Han-gyeol
name: Ahn, Jaewook
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We present an experimental investigation of ultrafast-laser driven Rabi oscillations of atomic rubidium. Since the broadband spectrum of an ultrafast laser pulse simultaneously couples all the electronic hyperfine transitions between the excited and ground states, the complex excitation linkages involved with the D1 or D2 transition are energy degenerate. Here, by applying the Morris-Shore transformation, it is shown that this multi-state system is reduced to a set of independent two-state systems and dark states. In experiments performed by ultrafast laser interactions of atomic rubidium in the strong interaction regime, we demonstrate that the ultrafast dynamics of the considered multi-state system is governed by a sum of at most two decoupled Rabi oscillations when this system interacts with ultrafast laser pulses of any polarization state. We further show the implication of this result to possible controls of photo-electron polarizations.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures
Benzylic Fluorination Induced by a Charge-Transfer Complex with a Solvent-Dependent Selectivity Switch
Creators: name: Madani, Amiera
name: Anghileri, Lucia
name: Heydenreich, Matthias
name: Möller, Heiko M.
name: Pieber, Bartholomäus
Publisher: name: Freie Universität Berlin
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: Charge transfer
subject: Halogenation
subject: Oxidation
subject: Reaction products
subject: Reagents
subject: 500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::540 Chemie::540 Chemie und zugeordnete Wissenschaften

description: We present a divergent strategy for the fluorination of phenylacetic acid derivatives that is induced by a charge-transfer complex between Selectfluor and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. A comprehensive investigation of the conditions revealed a critical role of the solvent on the reaction outcome. In the presence of water, decarboxylative fluorination through a single-electron oxidation is dominant. Non-aqueous conditions result in the clean formation of α-fluoro-α-arylcarboxylic acids.
title: Hercules: Myth and Legacy
Creators: name: Richards, Candace
Publisher: name: University of Sydney
Year: 2023

description: Hercules: Myth and Legacy is an interdisciplinary exhibition that uses two narrative arcs simultaneously to retell the ancient mythological saga of Hercules’ twelve labours and to discuss the reception of Hercules in the history of science, technology and art from the post-Renaissance period to the modern day. This exhibition is the second in a series at the Chau Chak Wing Museum devoted to reception studies. The first exhibition, Animal Gods: Classics and Classification, focussed on Homeric epics the Trojan War and the Odyssey to introduce Linnaeus’ classification and naming systems, highlighting the role of Latin mythographer texts in the application of names, often without consideration of the physical attributes of the animal being named. However, for the name Hercules, the physical characteristics of the animal, place, or invention are of utmost consideration, in order to associate them with the traits of the ancient figure. The display includes ancient Athenian and post-Renaissance art alongside, animals, plants and objects that represent the variety of ways the name Hercules and the names of his associates or adversaries have been applied in the world around us.
Comparison of the calorimetric and kinematic methods of neutrino energy reconstruction in disappearance experiments
Creators: name: Ankowski, Artur M.
name: Benhar, Omar
name: Coloma, Pilar
name: Huber, Patrick
name: Jen, Chun-Min
name: Mariani, Camillo
name: Meloni, Davide
name: Vagnoni, Erica
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: To be able to achieve their physics goals, future neutrino-oscillation experiments will need to reconstruct the neutrino energy with very high accuracy. In this work, we analyze how the energy reconstruction may be affected by realistic detection capabilities, such as energy resolutions, efficiencies, and thresholds. This allows us to estimate how well the detector performance needs to be determined a priori in order to avoid a sizable bias in the measurement of the relevant oscillation parameters. We compare the kinematic and calorimetric methods of energy reconstruction in the context of two muon-neutrino disappearance experiments operating in different energy regimes. For the calorimetric reconstruction method, we find that the detector performance has to be estimated with a ~10% accuracy to avoid a significant bias in the extracted oscillation parameters. On the other hand, in the case of kinematic energy reconstruction, we observe that the results exhibit less sensitivity to an overestimation of the detector capabilities.
description: 16 pages, 14 figures, matches the version published in Phys. Rev. D
Supplementary document for Parametric multiphysics study of focus-variable silicone lenses - 6638276.pdf
Creators: name: Ziebehl, Arved
name: Grabe, Tobias
name: Biermann, Tobias
name: Xia, Panpan
name: Teves, Simon
name: Lachmayer, Roland
Publisher: name: Optica Publishing Group
Year: 2023
Subjects: Uncategorized

description: Analysis & Fabrication