cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
A development agenda for intellectual property in an era of legal monopolies
Creators: name: OKeeffe, Darelle
Publisher: name: My University
Year: 2008
Subjects: economic development
foreign trade regulation
intellectual property
right to health

description: Second semester University: Maastricht University
description: The twenty first century will undoubtedly be known as the century of knowledge, indeed the century of the mind. Converting knowledge into wealth through the process of innovation and applying that wealth to advance social good arguably determines the economic success of a nation. A nation’s ability to maximise its resources through the development of production techniques and new products cannot be underestimated in terms of increasing the level of welfare for its population. One type of institutional arrangement for the generation of economic growth is intellectual property rights (IPRs). Intellectual property (IP) protection expresses the legal benefits of ownership over knowledge through the ability to charge rent for its use; receive compensation for its loss; or indeed payment for its transfer. The aim of this paper is to examine the recently adopted Development Agenda (DA) by the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO) in light of recent developments unfolding in the global IP system. Arguably the current application of a universal IP system runs counter to the development objectives of the United Nations (UN). This paper will refer to some of the issues pertaining to IPRs and their impact on a state’s ability to provide the essentials of life for its population. This area of research has received unprecedented attention over the last thirty years ever since acquiring knowledge and transposing it into a legal right was recognised as a means of spurring innovation enhancing a competitive environment for economic development to take place.
Label-free Monitoring of Self-Supervised Learning Progress
Creators: name: Xu, Isaac
name: Lowe, Scott
name: Trappenberg, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Self-supervised learning (SSL) is an effective method for exploiting unlabelled data to learn a high-level embedding space that can be used for various downstream tasks. However, existing methods to monitor the quality of the encoder -- either during training for one model or to compare several trained models -- still rely on access to annotated data. When SSL methodologies are applied to new data domains, a sufficiently large labelled dataset may not always be available. In this study, we propose several evaluation metrics which can be applied on the embeddings of unlabelled data and investigate their viability by comparing them to linear probe accuracy (a common metric which utilizes an annotated dataset). In particular, we apply $k$-means clustering and measure the clustering quality with the silhouette score and clustering agreement. We also measure the entropy of the embedding distribution. We find that while the clusters did correspond better to the ground truth annotations as training of the network progressed, label-free clustering metrics correlated with the linear probe accuracy only when training with SSL methods SimCLR and MoCo-v2, but not with SimSiam. Additionally, although entropy did not always have strong correlations with LP accuracy, this appears to be due to instability arising from early training, with the metric stabilizing and becoming more reliable at later stages of learning. Furthermore, while entropy generally decreases as learning progresses, this trend reverses for SimSiam. More research is required to establish the cause for this unexpected behaviour. Lastly, we find that while clustering based approaches are likely only viable for same-architecture comparisons, entropy may be architecture-independent.
Rare Earth Element Geochemistry of Late Cenozoic Island Carbonates in the South China Sea
Creators: name: Wang, X.-K.
name: Liu, X.
name: Liu, X.-F
name: Zhai, S.
name: Liu, X.-M.
Publisher: name: MDPI
Year: 2022

description: Marine carbonates, precipitating from seawater through inorganic geochemical and biogeochemical processes, are considered to have recorded the seawater geochemical signatures reflecting the marine environmental conditions during their formation. However, they are susceptible to postdepositional diagenetic alteration. The redox conditions and chemical composition of the diagenetic fluid may be different from those of the overlying seawater. Therefore, assessing whether carbonate rocks that have experienced variable diagenesis could still preserve primary seawater geochemistry is a prerequisite before inferring ancient marine environments using geochemical tracers such as the cerium anomaly (Ce/Ce*). Here, we investigate rare earth elements plus yttrium (REY) geochemical features of reefal carbonates from the XK-1 core in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea. We aim to evaluate whether island carbonates have the potential to preserve reliable primary seawater REY geochemical characteristics after experiencing meteoric diagenesis, marine burial diagenesis, or dolomitization. The results show that even after variable diagenetic alteration, all carbonate samples exhibit seawater-like REY patterns, which are characterized by negative Ce anomalies (Ce/Ce* < 1), distinctively high Y/Ho ratios (>44), and uniform depletion of light rare earth elements (LREE) relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREE) ((Pr/Yb)N < 1). This suggests that the original seawater REY signatures are retained, regardless of varying degrees of changes in the mineralogical composition, diagenetic fluid composition, and redox state. The unmodifiable REY characteristics in carbonates during diagenesis can be attributed to three aspects: (1) during meteoric diagenesis, the low REY content of meteoric fluids and the short-term reactions between fluids and carbonates make it difficult to significantly alter the REY composition of carbonates; (2) during marine burial diagenesis, the ubiquitous cementation creates a relatively closed environment that facilitates the inheritance of REY signatures from primary carbonates; (3) during dolomitization, the dolomitizing fluids derived from penecontemporaneous seawater would not destroy but rather promote the preservation of the original seawater REY signatures in dolostones. The Ce/Ce* variations indicate that the Xisha carbonates have been deposited under constantly oxic conditions since the Neogene, consistent with paleontological and redox-sensitive element geochemical evidence.
Cosmological Kinetic Mixing
Creators: name: Das, Ashok
name: Gamboa, Jorge
name: Pino, Miguel
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we generalize the kinetic mixing idea to time reparametrization invariant theories, namely, relativistic point particles and cosmology in order to obtain new insights for dark matter and energy. In the first example, two relativistic particles interact through an appropriately chosen coupling term. It is shown that the system can be diagonalized by means of a non-local field redefinition, and, as a result of this procedure, the mass of one the particles gets rescaled. In the second case, inspired by the previous example, two cosmological models (each with its own scale factor) are made to interact in a similar fashion. The equations of motion are solved numerically in different scenarios (dust, radiation or a cosmological constant coupled to each sector of the system). When a cosmological constant term is present, kinetic mixing rescales it to a lower value which may be more amenable to observations.
description: 13pp, 18 figures
Life history of archaeological remains: An investigation into the taphonomic effects of weathering and sedimentary pressure on two experimental models of archeo-paleontological assemblages simulating Middle Pleistocene sites
Creators: name: Javier llamazares
name: Felipe Cuartero
name: Maria Isabel Sarró
name: Mohamed Sahnouni
name: Nohemi Sala
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: taphonomic
paleolithic
fossil
bones
weather
3d models

description: 1.INTRODUCTION.
Experimental replication is a powerful tool in understanding taphonomic processes in order to determine whether geological or anthropogenic agencies were primarily responsible in the accumulation of fossil bones and stone tools in Paleolithic sites Here we report a preliminary experimental study undertaken under highly controlled variables in the recently created Laboratory of Experimental Archeology and Taphonomy at the Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana ( with the main goal of recognizing the effects of climatic, sedimentary, diagenetic and anthropogenic effects on the formation of two hypothetical models of archeo paleontological assemblages within the context of Atapuerca sites 
2. MATERIAL AND METHODS
We reproduced two different hypothetical models of archeo paleontological assemblages mimicking the sedimentary context of Atapuerca Middle Pleistocene sites The first assemblage imitates the conditions of a glacial period and the second one an interglacial period We used in each one of these experiments eight samples of replicated stone tools 2 in limestone, 2 in chert, 2 quartzite, 2 sandstone) and 8 bone fragments of 2 different animal taxa and size ( lamb) We mixed the samples with sediments in metallic boxes in order to reproduce both contexts of glacial 50 limestone clasts, 50 clays) and interglacial 10 clasts, 90 clays) paleoenvironmental settings We simulated specific weathering conditions in the Dycometal CCK 25 2340 MTe machine that is specifically built for this type of experiment (dry and cold vs wet and warm) Finally, we put those boxes of sediment under compression efforts in a compression Shimadzu AGS 100 kNX simulator The recognition of alterations, weathering effects and breakages types are recorded through high resolution 3 D models performed through a 3 D light reflected microscope Olympus DSX 1000 3 D.
3. CONCLUSIONS AND OVERVIEW
Despite our first hypothesis was that glacial conditions were more destructive, several questions must be pointed out - In glacial environments, the stones (tools and clasts) are more altered, documenting detachments of parasitic flakes due to frost cycles, as well as a greater number of snap fractures due to sedimentary pressure in a matrix with a high volume of limestone clasts - Frost cycles helps to expand the incipient fissures in the bones fragments - Diagenetic fractures in bone fragments are common in our interglacial sample - Breakage in shrew mandibles, Sorex sp ..,,(articular condyle mainly) is frequent in both environments, probably due to diagenetic factors - In the future it will be important to isolate the different variables to see how they affect individually to each sample under study
Colorisation et texturation temps réel d'environnements urbains par système mobile avec scanner laser et caméra fish-eye
Creators: name: Deschaud, Jean-Emmanuel
name: Brun, Xavier
name: Goulette, François
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Robotics (cs.RO)
subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: We present here a real time mobile mapping system mounted on a vehicle. The terrestrial acquisition system is based on a geolocation system and two sensors, namely, a laser scanner and a camera with a fish-eye lens. We produce 3D colored points cloud and textured models of the environment. Once the system has been calibrated, the data acquisition and processing are done "on the way". This article mainly presents our methods of colorization of point cloud, triangulation and texture mapping.
description: in French
Note about square function estimates and uniformly rectifiable measures
Creators: name: Martikainen, Henri
name: Mourgoglou, Mihalis
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Classical Analysis and ODEs (math.CA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 42B20

description: We generalise and offer a different proof of a recent $L^2$ square function estimate on UR sets by Hofmann, Mitrea, Mitrea and Morris. The proof is a short argument using the $α$-numbers of Tolsa.
description: 8 pages
Rare earth element geochemistry in soils along arid and semiarid grasslands in northern China
Creators: name: Liu, X.-M.
name: Bai, E.
name: Wu, N.
name: Cao, Y.-W.
name: Wang, C.
Publisher: name: Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
Year: 2022

description: Background: Rare earth elements (REE) are a group of trace elements that behave geochemically coherently. REE fractionation patterns normalized to reference materials provide a powerful tool for documenting pedogenesis. In-soil processes are particularly difficult to illustrate with respect to contemporary and past climate conditions. In this study, we characterize the rare earth element (REE) contents in bulk soils and respective geochemical fractions (e.g., exchangeable, carbonate-bound, reducible, and oxidizable fractions) and to decipher the relationships between REE geochemistry components and climatic factors across a large-scale northern China transect (NCT). Results: Across the NCT, bulk REE concentrations ranged from 55.2 to 241.1 μg g−1 with a main portion in the residual fraction (49–79%), followed by oxidizable fraction (2–40%), reducible fraction (3–22%), carbonate-bound fraction (0.1–16%), and negligible exchangeable fraction. The REE contents of geochemical components (carbonate-bound, reducible, and oxidizable) in topsoils correlated to climate factors (mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, potential evaporation, and aridity index (AI)). The normalized abundances to the upper continental crust (UCC) composition show that the middle REE was generally enriched than the light REE and heavy REE in topsoils along the transect. The overall UCC-normalized bulk REE patterns in topsoils and subsoils were similar, characterized by weak negative Ce anomalies and positive Eu anomalies. Conclusions: Our data in topsoils and depth profiles collectively suggest that cycling of REE was primarily regulated by abiotic processes in area with AI < 0.2, while the biological effect on REE circulation in soil played a more effective role in area with AI > 0.3. The similar UCC normalized patterns in topsoils suggest that the REE was originated from a common source with limited influences from other sources (e.g., atmospheric dusts and anthropogenic contributions). Our results to some extent provide evidence for climatic influence REE distribution patterns both in topsoils and subsoils across the continental-scale transect. Our investigation gives insights into future studies on vertical REE mobility and its associated biogeochemical pathways.
Are spectral and timing correlations similar in different spectral states in black hole X-ray binaries?
Creators: name: Kalamkar, M.
name: Reynolds, M. T.
name: van der Klis, M.
name: Altamirano, D.
name: Miller, J. M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the outbursts of the black hole X-ray binaries MAXI J1659-152, SWIFT J1753.5--0127 and GX 339-4 with the Swift X-ray Telescope. The bandpass of the X-ray Telescope has access to emission from both components of the accretion flow: the accretion disk and the corona/hot flow. This allows a correlated spectral and variability study, with variability from both components of the accretion flow. We present for the first time, a combined study of the evolution of spectral parameters (disk temperature and radius) and timing parameters (frequency and strength) of all power spectral components in different spectral states. Comparison of the correlations in different spectral states shows that the frequency and strength of the power spectral components exhibit dependencies on the disk temperature that are different in the (low-)hard and the hard-intermediate states; most of these correlations that are clearly observed in the hard-intermediate state (in MAXI J1659-152 and GX 339-4) are not seen in the (low-)hard state (in GX 339-4 and SWIFT J1753.5-0127). Also, the responses of the individual frequency components to changes in the disk temperature are markedly different from one component to the next. Hence, the spectral-timing evolution cannot be explained by a single correlation that spans both these spectral states. We discuss our findings in the context of the existing models proposed to explain the origin of variability.
description: 12 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
Isoperimetric inequalities for the logarithmic potential operator
Creators: name: Ruzhansky, Michael
name: Suragan, Durvudkhan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Functional Analysis (math.FA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 35P99, 47G40, 35S15

description: In this paper we prove that the disc is a maximiser of the Schatten $p$-norm of the logarithmic potential operator among all domains of a given measure in $\mathbb R^{2}$, for all even integers $2\leq p
description: revised version with corrected formulations and arguments; to replace the previous version
On the role of spatial dynamics and topology on network flows
Creators: name: Colak, Serdar
name: Schneider, Christian M.
name: Wang, Pu
name: Gonzalez, Marta C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Physics and Society (physics.soc-ph)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Particle flows in spatial networks are susceptible to congestion. In this paper, we analyze the phase transitions of these networks to a state of congested transport and the influence of both topology and spatial dynamics on its emergence. We systematically show that the value of the critical loading rate at which congestion emerges is affected by the addition of spatial dynamics, changing the nature of this transition from a continuous to a discontinuous one. Our numerical results are confirmed by introducing an analytical solvable framework. As a case of study, we explore the implications of our findings in the San Francisco road network where we can locate the roads that originate the congested phase. These roads are the spatially constrained, and not necessarily those with high betweenness as predicted by models without spatial dynamics.
description: 9 pages, 4 figures
(500196) Nicholas Wodehouse
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Anthropogenic Gd in urban river water: A case study in Guiyang, SW China
Creators: name: Shen, Y.
name: Wang, Z.
name: Zhang, J.
name: Cao, C.
name: Wu, Q.
name: Gao, S.
name: Han, R.
name: Liu, X.
Publisher: name: University of California Press
Year: 2021

description: As an emerging contaminant, rare earth elements (REEs) are becoming an environmental concern, especially in Chinese cities. This study investigated the distribution of REEs in river water and tap water samples in Guiyang, Southwest China. In all water samples, the concentrations of total dissolved REE (PREE) ranged from 15.1 to 53.3 ng L–1, with the heavy rare earth elements enriched than the light rare earth elements. Most of the water samples showed significant positive Gd anomalies, with the highest abnormal value calculated to be 29.23. The main reason for the positive Gd anomalies was found to be the release of medical wastewaters containing Gadopentetic acids (Gd-DTPA). Overall, anthropogenic Gd could contributed >60% of total Gd in river waters and tap waters. Because Gd-DTPA is commonly used in large Chinese hospitals, the results of this study implied that anthropogenic Gd release could be common in Chinese cities.
DIRECTING THE YOUTH TO CRAFTS IN FOLK CRAFTS
Creators: name: Khakimova, Sharofat
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023

description: This article presents the knowledge, skills and guidance needed to educate young people in craft entrepreneurship in national schools, and provides basic information and guidance on starting a business. In addition, a general description of the organization of small and private enterprises of handicraft enterprises is given. Information on network planning, interviews, organizers, demonstrations, practical exercises, business games, the use of innovative technologies and their use in the classroom is provided to develop the interests of young artisans.
Hierarchical Multi-Label Classification with Missing Information for Benthic Habitat Imagery
Creators: name: Xu, Isaac
name: Misiuk, Benjamin
name: Lowe, Scott C.
name: Gillis, Martin
name: Brown, Craig J.
name: Trappenberg, Thomas
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: In this work, we apply state-of-the-art self-supervised learning techniques on a large dataset of seafloor imagery, \textit{BenthicNet}, and study their performance for a complex hierarchical multi-label (HML) classification downstream task. In particular, we demonstrate the capacity to conduct HML training in scenarios where there exist multiple levels of missing annotation information, an important scenario for handling heterogeneous real-world data collected by multiple research groups with differing data collection protocols. We find that, when using smaller one-hot image label datasets typical of local or regional scale benthic science projects, models pre-trained with self-supervision on a larger collection of in-domain benthic data outperform models pre-trained on ImageNet. In the HML setting, we find the model can attain a deeper and more precise classification if it is pre-trained with self-supervision on in-domain data. We hope this work can establish a benchmark for future models in the field of automated underwater image annotation tasks and can guide work in other domains with hierarchical annotations of mixed resolution.
Point-focus spectral splitting solar concentrator for multiple cells concentrating photovoltaic system
Creators: name: Maragliano, Carlo
name: Chiesa, Matteo
name: Stefancich, Marco
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optics (physics.optics)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In this paper we present and experimentally validate a low-cost design of a spectral splitting concentrator for the efficient conversion of solar energy. The optical device consists of a dispersive prismatic lens made of polycarbonate designed to simultaneously concentrate the solar light and split it into its spectral components. With respect to our previous implementation, this device concentrates the light along two axes and generates a light pattern compatible with the dimensions of a set of concentrating photovoltaic cells while providing a higher concentration ratio. The mathematical framework and the constructive approach used for the design are presented and the device performance is simulated using a ray-tracing software. We obtain spectral separation in the visible range within a 3x1 cm2 area and a maximum concentration of 210x for a single wavelength. The device is fabricated by injection molding and its performance is experimentally investigated. We measure an optical transmissivity above 90% in the range 400-800 nm and we observe a spectral distribution in good accordance with simulations. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of the device for cost effective high efficiency concentrated photovoltaic systems.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures
(500168) Edward Boyd
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Dynamics of genuine multipartite entanglement under local non-Markovian dephasing
Creators: name: Ali, Mazhar
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study dynamics of genuine entanglement for quantum states of three and four qubits under non-Markovian dephasing. Using a computable entanglement monotone for multipartite systems, we find that GHZ state is quite resilient state whereas the W state is the most fragile. We compare dynamics of chosen quantum states with dynamics of random pure states and weighted graph states.
Evidence of anthropogenic gadolinium in triangle area waters, north Carolina, USA
Creators: name: Liu, X.-M.
name: Zabrecky, J.M.
name: Cao, C.
name: Wu, Q.
Publisher: name: MDPI AG
Year: 2021

description: Gadolinium (Gd), a member of the rare earth elements (REE), is becoming an increasingly observed microcontaminant in waters of developed regions. Anthropogenic Gd anomalies were first noted in 1996 and were determined to be sourced from Gd-based contrast agents used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This study investigates Gd anomalies in North Carolina’s Triangle Area, focusing on surrounding wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Samples were obtained from upstream and downstream of selected WWTPs as well as a freshwater reservoir that supplies part of the region’s drinking water. The PAAS-normalized samples indicate Gd anomalies in the influent, effluent, and downstream samples. We quantify the anthropogenic Gd in wastewater samples to constitute between 98.1% to 99.8%. Sample comparisons show an average increase of 45.3% estimated anthropogenic Gd between samples upstream and downstream of WWTPs. This research contributes to the existing database demonstrating the presence of anthropogenic Gd in developed regions. Although current Gd concentrations are not near toxic levels, they should be continuously monitored as a micropollutant and serve as a wastewater tracer.
(500183) Charles Napier Sturt
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Exploring self-hosted Free Open Source Software (FOSS) projects by libraries
Creators: name: Bautista-Villaescusa, Mónica
name: Boté-Vericad, Juan-José
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2023
Subjects: Libraries
Free Open Source Software
Open Source Software
Self-hosting
FOSS
Data Sovereignty
Fediverse
Mastodon
IFLA
Sustainable Development Goals

description: Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) are projects created by communities and individuals under nonrestrictive licenses that encourage and maintain user’s civil liberty rights, as well as the freedom to use, copy, study and change its source code – or even improve it. Some of these projects – like Cryptpad, a collaborative office suite supported by the EU Next Generation Internet initiative - can be self-hosted, which means that it can be maintained and run using a private web server instead of another one outside the organization's own control. The implicit benefits of self-hosting FOSS are related to the privacy of user’s data and the saving of costs resulting from the combination of several services in the same instance or server. This is a presentation about a non-published work about the role that self-hosted FOSS projects can develop in libraries and some of its benefits and challenges in relation with UNESCO’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG’s). For its benefits, we identify a better control over user's data, a crucial issue in the current European paradigm and often subject of controversy due to bad practices by some software and social networking companies. Furthermore, self-hosting FOSS in libraries can be an excellent opportunity to reduce the digital gap and foster innovation, development and use of ethical digital alternatives in the population. However, having control over user’s data has certain ethical implications and must be subject to legal regulation, for which libraries may not yet be prepared. In addition, becoming an online service provider implies having a stable technological infrastructure and trained staff to manage, update and resolve service issues. The training of library staff and funding or budgeting issues should also be assessed to guarantee this initiative in the long term, as well as the implementation of the figure of the liaison librarian in this specific area. To this matter, libraries could play a more active role in the Information Society as service providers and “tech-labs” for user innovation communities while following some of the recommendations identified in the last Open source software strategy of The European Commission 2020-2023, in order to align libraries with European commitments to create and actively participate in the open, secure and democratic technological paradigm we are seeking for. 
On the Projective Geometry of Kalman Filter
Creators: name: Carli, Francesca Paola
name: Sepulchre, Rodolphe
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: Machine Learning (stat.ML)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Convergence of the Kalman filter is best analyzed by studying the contraction of the Riccati map in the space of positive definite (covariance) matrices. In this paper, we explore how this contraction property relates to a more fundamental non-expansiveness property of filtering maps in the space of probability distributions endowed with the Hilbert metric. This is viewed as a preliminary step towards improving the convergence analysis of filtering algorithms over general graphical models.
description: 6 pages
(500187) James Withers
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
"The struggle is a part of the experience": Engaging Discontents in the Design of Family Meal Technologies
Creators: name: Wu, Yuxing
name: Miller, Andrew D
name: Chung, Chia-Fang
name: Kaziunas, Elizabeth
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: Computers and Society (cs.CY)
subject: Emerging Technologies (cs.ET)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Meals are a central (and messy) part of family life. Previous design framings for mealtime technologies have focused on supporting dietary needs or social and celebratory interactions at the dinner table; however, family meals involve the coordination of many activities and complicated family dynamics. In this paper, we report on findings from interviews and design sessions with 18 families from the Midwestern United States (including both partners/parents and children) to uncover important family differences and tensions that arise around domestic meal experiences. Drawing on feminist theory, we unpack the work of feeding a family as a form of care, drawing attention to the social and emotional complexity of family meals. Critically situating our data within current design narratives, we propose the sensitizing concepts of generative and systemic discontents as a productive way towards troubling the design space of family-food interaction to contend with the struggles that are a part of everyday family meal experiences.
Advanced Gaze Analytics Dashboard
Creators: name: Jayawardena, Gavindya
name: Ashok, Vikas
name: Jayarathna, Sampath
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2024
Subjects: subject: Human-Computer Interaction (cs.HC)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Eye movements can provide informative cues to understand human visual scan/search behavior and cognitive load during varying tasks. Visualizations of real-time gaze measures during tasks, provide an understanding of human behavior as the experiment is being conducted. Even though existing eye tracking analysis tools provide calculation and visualization of eye-tracking data, none of them support real-time visualizations of advanced gaze measures, such as ambient or focal processing, or eye-tracked measures of cognitive load. In this paper, we present an eye movements analytics dashboard that enables visualizations of various gaze measures, fixations, saccades, cognitive load, ambient-focal attention, and gaze transitions analysis by extracting eye movements from participants utilizing common off-the-shelf eye trackers. We validate the proposed eye movement visualizations by using two publicly available eye-tracking datasets. We showcase that, the proposed dashboard could be utilized to visualize advanced eye movement measures generated using multiple data sources.
A persistently low level of atmospheric oxygen in Earth’s middle age
Creators: name: Bekker, A.
name: Cui, H.
name: Knoll, A.H.
name: Liu, X.-M.
name: Kah, L.C.
name: Hazen, R.M.
name: Wang, C.
Publisher: name: Nature Research
Year: 2021

description: Resolving how Earth surface redox conditions evolved through the Proterozoic Eon is fundamental to understanding how biogeochemical cycles have changed through time. The redox sensitivity of cerium relative to other rare earth elements and its uptake in carbonate minerals make the Ce anomaly (Ce/Ce*) a particularly useful proxy for capturing redox conditions in the local marine environment. Here, we report Ce/Ce* data in marine carbonate rocks through 3.5 billion years of Earth’s history, focusing in particular on the mid-Proterozoic Eon (i.e., 1.8 – 0.8 Ga). To better understand the role of atmospheric oxygenation, we use Ce/Ce* data to estimate the partial pressure of atmospheric oxygen (pO2) through this time. Our thermodynamics-based modeling supports a major rise in atmospheric oxygen level in the aftermath of the Great Oxidation Event (~ 2.4 Ga), followed by invariant pO2 of about 1% of present atmospheric level through most of the Proterozoic Eon (2.4 to 0.65 Ga).
Potassium isotope fractionation during chemical weathering of basalts
Creators: name: Chen, H.
name: Wang, K.
name: Liu, X.-M.
Publisher: name: Elsevier B.V.
Year: 2020

description: Non-traditional stable isotopes (e.g., Li, Mg, and Si) are increasingly used as tracers for studying Earth's surface processes. The isotopes of potassium (K), a highly soluble and mobile element during weathering, could be a promising new tracer for continental weathering; however, the K isotopic variations in weathering profile has not been directly studied due to previous analytical difficulties. Recent high-precision measurements revealed that K isotopes in global river waters are fractionated from the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) value, indicating they are influenced by chemical weathering of the crust. Isotopic fractionation during chemical weathering is one of several processes that could ultimately lead to ∼0.6‰ difference of δ41K between the BSE and modern seawater. In order to determine the direction and controlling factors of K isotopic fractionation during basalt weathering, especially under intense weathering conditions, we measured K isotopic compositions in two sets of bauxite developed on the Columbia River Basalts, together with fresh parental basalt and aeolian deposit samples using a recently developed high-precision method. Results show that K isotopic variations among fresh basalts and aeolian dust are limited, close to the BSE value. Extreme K depletion (>99%) and K isotopic fractionation (δ41K up to 0.5 ‰) are observed in bauxite drill cores due to intense chemical weathering. The top of the weathering profiles shows less depletion in K abundances and the δ41K values are closer to those of the fresh basalts and aeolian dusts, likely due to addition of aeolian dust at the tops of both profiles. The weathered products are generally depleted in heavy K isotopes, which is consistent with heavier K isotopic compositions observed in river water and seawater. The δ41K in bauxites displays a positive correlation with K2O contents as well as δ7Li, indicating the behaviors of K and Li isotopes are comparable during chemical weathering. This study shows that K concentrations and its isotopic compositions are sensitive tracers of chemical weathering and could be good weathering proxies over Earth's history.
A Dynamic Model for Infectious Diseases: The Role of Vaccination and Treatment
Creators: name: Rao, P. Raja Sekhara
name: Kumar, M. Naresh
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Dynamical Systems (math.DS)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: Understanding dynamics of an infectious disease helps in designing appropriate strategies for containing its spread in a population. Recent mathematical models are aimed at studying dynamics of some specific types of infectious diseases. In this paper we propose a new model for infectious diseases spread having susceptible, infected, and recovered populations and study its dynamics in presence of incubation delays and relapse of the disease. The influence of treatment and vaccination efforts on the spread of infection in presence of time delays are studied. Sufficient conditions for local stability of the equilibria and change of stability are derived in various cases. The problem of global stability is studied for an important special case of the model. Simulations carried out in this study brought out the importance of treatment rate in controlling the disease spread. It is observed that incubation delays have influence on the system even under enhanced vaccination. The present study has clearly brought out the fact that treatment rate in presence of time delays would contain the disease as compared to popular belief that eradication can only be done through vaccination.
description: 38 pages, 7 figures
(500188) Alfred Conduit
Creators: name: Professions, Victorian
Publisher: name: University of Oxford
Year: 2022
Subjects: subject: 220201 Business and Labour History
subject: FOS: Philosophy, ethics and religion
subject: History
subject: 140203 Economic History
subject: FOS: Economics and business

description: This three-year research project began in January 2014 and investigated whether, during the Victorian period, the professions formed a distinct self-sustaining social group with its own mores and values. The project looked at 16,000 individuals drawn from census data for Alnwick, Brighton, Bristol, Dundee, Greenock, Leeds, Merthyr Tydfil, Morpeth, and Winchester. The research project was funded by the UK Economic & Social Research Council and was based at the Universities of Oxford and Northumbria.
Generic uniqueness of the bias vector of mean payoff zero-sum games
Creators: name: Akian, Marianne
name: Gaubert, Stéphane
name: Hochart, Antoine
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2014
Subjects: subject: Optimization and Control (math.OC)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: 47J10

description: Zero-sum mean payoff games can be studied by means of a nonlinear spectral problem. When the state space is finite, the latter consists in finding an eigenpair $(u,λ)$ solution of $T(u)=λ\mathbf{1} + u$ where $T:\mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}^n$ is the Shapley (dynamic programming) operator, $λ$ is a scalar, $\mathbf{1}$ is the unit vector, and $u \in \mathbb{R}^n$. The scalar $λ$ yields the mean payoff per time unit, and the vector $u$, called the bias, allows one to determine optimal stationary strategies. The existence of the eigenpair $(u,λ)$ is generally related to ergodicity conditions. A basic issue is to understand for which classes of games the bias vector is unique (up to an additive constant). In this paper, we consider perfect information zero-sum stochastic games with finite state and action spaces, thinking of the transition payments as variable parameters, transition probabilities being fixed. We identify structural conditions on the support of the transition probabilities which guarantee that the spectral problem is solvable for all values of the transition payments. Then, we show that the bias vector, thought of as a function of the transition payments, is generically unique (up to an additive constant). The proof uses techniques of max-plus (tropical) algebra and nonlinear Perron-Frobenius theory.
description: 8 pages, 1 figure, to appear in Proc. 53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC 2014)
Targeted Protein Degradation: A Multifaceted Investigation of Novel Synthetic Methodology and Biological Application
Creators: name: Hales, Liam Thomas
Publisher: name: Monash University
Year: 2024
Subjects: classificationCode: 340503
subject: Organic chemical synthesis
classificationCode: 340499
subject: Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry not elsewhere classified

description: This thesis explores multiple aspects of the exciting field of targeted protein degradation concerning both chemical synthesis and biological application. This therapeutic approach which uses the cell’s protein recycling system to specifically reduce the amount of disease-causing proteins present within the cell. The strategy was investigated in two main contexts. Firstly, as a way to fight hepatitis B virus infection, with results indicating the potential for effectiveness against a drug-resistant strain of the virus. Secondly, this strategy was investigated against a well-known cancer causing protein. Additional findings from this project improve the speed and efficiency of the processes used to make these large, complicated molecules.
title: Editorial
Creators: name: Connelly, Graham
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2022

description: Welcome to the spring 2022 issue of the Scottish Journal of Residential Child Care (SJRCC). This year marks the journal's 20th anniversary. The journal was first published, in hard copy, in autumn 2002 under the leadership of editor emeritus, Professor Andy Kendrick, who has contributed an article to the current issue. We have exciting plans to mark this important milestone in and around the autumn issue.
title: 'Nobody does the job cause it’s easy'. The factors which empower and inhibit the role of the child and youth care worker
Creators: name: Ferguson, Amanda
Publisher: name: Strathprints - University of Strathclyde
Year: 2022

description: For children and young people living in residential and secure care, there are links between the relationships they have with Child and Youth Care Workers and positive outcomes. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Child and Youth Care Workers in order to ascertain the factors which enhance and inhibit their ability to have an impact upon the children and young people they support. Six Child and Youth Care Workers from a residential and secure care establishment were interviewed and thematic analysis was used to elicit key themes in the data. The study highlighted three themes: Empowering Factors, Inhibiting Factors and Supportive Practice. The themes suggest that Child and Youth Care Workers have qualities which they feel help them to impact positively upon young people, however there are also many challenges which inhibit this. They also highlight possible areas of development. This data may help residential and secure care establishments to understand the importance of the Child and Youth Care Workers' qualities and the challenges and demands of the role, and to highlight the additional support required.
The star formation history of galaxies: the role of galaxy mass, morphology and environment
Creators: name: Guglielmo, Valentina
name: Poggianti, Bianca M.
name: Moretti, Alessia
name: Fritz, Jacopo
name: Calvi, Rosa
name: Vulcani, Benedetta
name: Fasano, Giovanni
name: Paccagnella, Angela
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2015
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
subject: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We analyze the star formation history (SFH) of galaxies as a function of present-day environment, galaxy stellar mass and morphology. The SFH is derived by means of a non-parametric spectrophotometric model applied to individual galaxies at z ~ 0.04- 0.1 in the WINGS clusters and the PM2GC field. The field reconstructed evolution of the star formation rate density (SFRD) follows the values observed at each redshift (Madau & Dickinson 2014), except at z > 2 where our estimate is ~ 1.7x higher than the high-z observed value. The slope of the SFRD decline with time gets progressively steeper going from low mass to high mass haloes. The decrease of the SFRD since z = 2 is due to 1) quenching - 50% of the SFRD in the field and 75% in clusters at z > 2 originated in galaxies that are passive today - and 2) the fact that the average SFR of today's star-forming galaxies has decreased with time. We quantify the contribution to the SFRD(z) of galaxies of today's different masses and morphologies. The current morphology correlates with the current star formation activity but is irrelevant for the past stellar history. The average SFH depends on galaxy mass, but galaxies of a given mass have different histories depending on their environment. We conclude that the variation of the SFRD(z) with environment is not driven by different distributions of galaxy masses and morphologies in clusters and field, and must be due to an accelerated formation in high mass haloes compared to low mass ones even for galaxies that will end up having the same galaxy mass today.
description: 16 pages, 10 figures. Published on MNRAS