cometadata/datacite-rtg-text-other-reclassification-records huggingface dataset:
Possible test for CPT invariance with correlated neutral B decays
Creators: name: Balaji, K. R. S.
name: Horn, Wilfried
name: Paschos, E. A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study breakdown of $CPT$ symmetry which can occur in the decay process $B \bar B \to l^\pm X^\mp f$ with $f$ being a CP eigenstate. In this process, the standard model expectations for time ordered semi-leptonic and hadronic events, i.e. which of the two decays takes place first, can be altered in the case that there is a violation of the $CPT$ symmetry. To illustrate this possibility, we identify and study several time integrated observables. We find that an experiment with $10^{9}$ $B\bar B$ pairs, has the capability for improving the bound on $CPT$ violating parameter or perhaps observe $CPT$ violation.
description: Revised version to be published in PRD
Scaling solution, radion stabilization, and initial condition for brane-world cosmology
Creators: name: Mukohyama, Shinji
name: Coley, Alan
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th)
subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc)
subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose a new, self-consistent and dynamical scenario which gives rise to well-defined initial conditions for five-dimensional brane-world cosmologies with radion stabilization. At high energies, the five-dimensional effective theory is assumed to have a scale invariance so that it admits an expanding scaling solution as a future attractor. The system automatically approaches the scaling solution and, hence, the initial condition for the subsequent low-energy brane cosmology is set by the scaling solution. At low energies, the scale invariance is broken and a radion stabilization mechanism drives the dynamics of the brane-world system. We present an exact, analytic scaling solution for a class of scale-invariant effective theories of five-dimensional brane-world models which includes the five-dimensional reduction of the Horava-Witten theory, and provide convincing evidence that the scaling solution is a future attractor.
description: 17 pages; version accepted for PRD, references added
Continuum extrapolation of Ward identities in $\mathbf{\mathcal{N}=1}$ supersymmetric SU(3) Yang-Mills theory
Creators: name: Ali, Sajid
name: Bergner, Georg
name: Gerber, Henning
name: Montvay, Istvan
name: Münster, Gernot
name: Piemonte, Stefano
name: Scior, Philipp
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: In $\mathcal{N}=1$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, regularised on a space-time lattice, in addition to the breaking by the gluino mass term, supersymmetry is broken explicitly by the lattice regulator. In addition to the parameter tuning in the theory, the supersymmetric Ward identities can be used as a tool to investigate lattice artefacts as well as to check whether supersymmetry can be recovered in the chiral and continuum limits. In this paper we present the numerical results of an analysis of the supersymmetric Ward identities for our available gauge ensembles at different values of the inverse gauge coupling $β$ and of the hopping parameter $κ$. The results clearly indicate that the lattice artefacts vanish in the continuum limit, confirming the restoration of supersymmetry.
description: version published in Eur. Phys. J. C
Additional file 1 of High-intensity interval training in allogeneic adoptive T-cell immunotherapy – a big HIT?
Creators: name: Heinemann, Nele Carolin
name: Tischer-Zimmermann, Sabine
name: Wittke, Torge Christian
name: Eigendorf, Julian
name: Kerling, Arno
name: Framke, Theodor
name: Melk, Anette
name: Hans-Gert Heuft
name: Blasczyk, Rainer
name: Maecker-Kolhoff, Britta
name: Eiz-Vesper, Britta
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Immunology
subject: FOS: Clinical medicine

description: Additional file 1. Representative flow cytometric plots. Representative flow cytometry plots illustrating the gating strategy used to analyse (A) the cellular immune status in whole blood sample on a single-cell platform using TruCount tubes, (B) the enrichment efficiency of IFN-γ+ VSTs selected from PBMCs using the IFN-γ cytokine secretion assay, and (C) the activation level of isolated CD8+ T cells using CD69 as specific marker before and after exercise.
XMM-Newton observations of seven soft X-ray excess QSOs
Creators: name: Page, K. L.
name: Schartel, N.
name: Turner, M. J. L.
name: O'Brien, P. T.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: XMM-Newton observations of seven QSOs are presented and the EPIC spectra analysed. Five of the AGN show evidence for Fe K-alpha emission, with three being slightly better fitted by lines of finite width; at the 99 per cent level they are consistent with being intrinsically narrow, though. The broad-band spectra can be well modelled by a combination of different temperature blackbodies with a power-law, with temperatures between kT ~ 100-300 eV. On the whole, these temperatures are too high to be direct thermal emission from the accretion disc, so a Comptonization model was used as a more physical parametrization. The Comptonizing electron population forms the soft excess emission, with an electron temperature of ~ 120-680 eV. Power-law, thermal plasma and disc blackbody models were also fitted to the soft X-ray excess. Of the sample, four of the AGN are radio-quiet and three radio-loud. The radio-quiet QSOs may have slightly stronger soft excesses, although the electron temperatures cover the same range for both groups.
description: 13 pages, 7 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
LGBT visibility and anti-gay backlash : unintended consequences of responses to HIV/AIDS in Malawi and Senegal
Creators: name: Angotti, Nicole
name: McKay, Tara
name: Robinson, Rachel Sullivan
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: Throughout the 2000s, donor organizations successfully argued for the inclusion of men who have sex with men (msm) in the global response to HIV/AIDS. These efforts have had unintended consequences for msm and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (lgbt) populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Focusing on Malawi and Senegal, we find that donors’ emphasis on msm provided new urgency and sources of support for nascent lgbt- and msm-identified groups to organize around sexual identities and disseminate prevention strategies to their communities. These interventions increased the visibility of msm and lgbt populations in both countries; however, this new visibility also positioned msm and lgbt organizations between Western donors and political elites, contributing to political backlash against lgbt Malawians and Senegalese by the late 2000s. Further, while some msm- and lgbt-identified organiza- tions in Malawi and Senegal ultimately expanded their activism to include lgbt rights, other HIV organ- izations working with msm to gain access to new donor funding did not advocate for the rights of lgbt populations. We discuss the implications of these processes for development initiatives and argue for a more expansive definition of health in HIV and development work to address a broader set of community concerns.
Learning Nonlinear Loop Invariants with Gated Continuous Logic Networks (Extended Version)
Creators: name: Yao, Jianan
name: Ryan, Gabriel
name: Wong, Justin
name: Jana, Suman
name: Gu, Ronghui
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Software Engineering (cs.SE)
subject: Machine Learning (cs.LG)
subject: Programming Languages (cs.PL)
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Verifying real-world programs often requires inferring loop invariants with nonlinear constraints. This is especially true in programs that perform many numerical operations, such as control systems for avionics or industrial plants. Recently, data-driven methods for loop invariant inference have shown promise, especially on linear invariants. However, applying data-driven inference to nonlinear loop invariants is challenging due to the large numbers of and magnitudes of high-order terms, the potential for overfitting on a small number of samples, and the large space of possible inequality bounds. In this paper, we introduce a new neural architecture for general SMT learning, the Gated Continuous Logic Network (G-CLN), and apply it to nonlinear loop invariant learning. G-CLNs extend the Continuous Logic Network (CLN) architecture with gating units and dropout, which allow the model to robustly learn general invariants over large numbers of terms. To address overfitting that arises from finite program sampling, we introduce fractional sampling---a sound relaxation of loop semantics to continuous functions that facilitates unbounded sampling on real domain. We additionally design a new CLN activation function, the Piecewise Biased Quadratic Unit (PBQU), for naturally learning tight inequality bounds. We incorporate these methods into a nonlinear loop invariant inference system that can learn general nonlinear loop invariants. We evaluate our system on a benchmark of nonlinear loop invariants and show it solves 26 out of 27 problems, 3 more than prior work, with an average runtime of 53.3 seconds. We further demonstrate the generic learning ability of G-CLNs by solving all 124 problems in the linear Code2Inv benchmark. We also perform a quantitative stability evaluation and show G-CLNs have a convergence rate of $97.5\%$ on quadratic problems, a $39.2\%$ improvement over CLN models.
Additional file 1 of Activity-dependent redistribution of CaMKII in the postsynaptic compartment of hippocampal neurons
Creators: name: Tao-Cheng, Jung-Hwa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 1.
Mobility paradoxes: disruptors, benefits, and agency among mobile female sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania
Creators: name: Mbwambo, Jessie
name: Barrington, Clare
name: Donastorg, Yeycy
name: Likindikoki, Samuel
name: Hendrickson, Zoé
name: Gomez, Hoisex
name: Perez, Martha
name: Kerrigan, Deanna
name: Rivara, Julia
name: De Jesus, Maria
Publisher: name: Springer Nature
Year: 2024

description:
Background Mobility is a key social determinant of health for female sex workers (FSWs). While extant research has focused on the adverse effects of mobility for FSWs, there are very few studies that have examined the multiple ways in which mobility may impact the lives of these mobile women from their perspective. This qualitative study aims to fill this gap by exploring how mobility impacts the lives, livelihoods, and HIV care and treatment from the perspectives of women living with HIV in two epidemic settings, the Dominican Republic and Tanzania. Methods We conducted two rounds of in-depth interviews with 12 Dominican women and 12 Tanzanian women who were 18 years plus, had an HIV-positive diagnosis, and reported having exchanged sex for money in the last month. We utilized thematic analysis with a focus on intra- and intercomparisons to observe patterns within and across the two contexts. Results We identified a salient pattern of three thematic “mobility paradoxes,” which related to both disruptors and benefits of sex work mobility: (1) uncertainty versus autonomy: while sex work mobility often took place in contexts of vulnerability, which often led to women experiencing violence, it simultaneously benefitted women by allowing them to choose where they stayed and make plans on their terms; (2) financial insecurity versus profitability: although participants sometimes made less money than expected when they traveled for sex work, there was a powerful economic benefit for mobile women as it increased their likelihood of profitability; and (3) disorder and interruptions versus strategy and social support in HIV care and treatment: participants reported that they were sometimes inconsistent with their HIV appointments and medications when they traveled for sex work. On the other hand, mobility contributed to participants often becoming more strategic and creative in their HIV care and treatment and relying on one another for support. Conclusions Findings indicate that sex work mobility is a nuanced, complex, and paradoxical phenomenon. Implications include the development of strengths-based and community empowerment mobile health initiatives tailored to mitigate disruptors of mobility while maximizing benefits for this population.
Hotelling Tax Competition
Creators: name: Wooders, Myrna
name: Zissimos, Ben
name: Wooders, Myrna
name: Zissimos, Ben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Financial Economics
subject: amenity competition
subject: Hotelling
subject: limit tax
subject: perfect tax discrimination
subject: single peaked profit function
subject: tax competition

description: This paper shows how competition among governments for mobile firms can bring about excessive differentiation in levels of taxation and public good provision. Hotelling’s Principle of Minimum Differentiation is applied in the context of tax competition and shown to be invalid. Instead, when an equilibrium exists, differentiation of public good provision is maximized. Non-existence of equilibrium, which can occur, is a metaphor for intense tax competition. The paper also shows that, to some extent, perfect tax discrimination presents a solution to the existence problem created by Hotelling tax competition, but that the efficiency problem of Hotelling tax competition is exacerbated.
A solver for stiff finite-rate relaxation in Baer-Nunziato two-phase flow models
Creators: name: Chiocchetti, Simone
name: Müller, Christoph
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: In this paper we present a technique for constructing robust solvers for stiff algebraic source terms, such as those typically used for modelling relaxation processes in hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations describing two-phase flows, namely models of the Baer-Nunziato family. The method is based on an exponential integrator which employs an approximate linearised source term operator that is constructed in such a way that one can compute solutions to the linearised equations avoiding any delicate matrix inversion operations.
LGBT visibility and anti-gay backlash : unintended consequences of responses to HIV/AIDS in Malawi and Senegal
Creators: name: Angotti, Nicole
name: McKay, Tara
name: Robinson, Rachel Sullivan
Publisher: name: Sociology of Development
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 4410
subject: Sociology
subject: FOS: Sociology

description: Throughout the 2000s, donor organizations successfully argued for the inclusion of men who have sex with men (msm) in the global response to HIV/AIDS. These efforts have had unintended consequences for msm and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (lgbt) populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Focusing on Malawi and Senegal, we find that donors’ emphasis on msm provided new urgency and sources of support for nascent lgbt- and msm-identified groups to organize around sexual identities and disseminate prevention strategies to their communities. These interventions increased the visibility of msm and lgbt populations in both countries; however, this new visibility also positioned msm and lgbt organizations between Western donors and political elites, contributing to political backlash against lgbt Malawians and Senegalese by the late 2000s. Further, while some msm- and lgbt-identified organiza- tions in Malawi and Senegal ultimately expanded their activism to include lgbt rights, other HIV organ- izations working with msm to gain access to new donor funding did not advocate for the rights of lgbt populations. We discuss the implications of these processes for development initiatives and argue for a more expansive definition of health in HIV and development work to address a broader set of community concerns.
Lattice QCD with light Wilson quarks
Creators: name: Lüscher, Martin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Lattice (hep-lat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Wilson's formulation of lattice QCD is attractive for many reasons, but perhaps mainly because of its simplicity and conceptual clarity. Numerical simulations of the Wilson theory (and of its improved versions) tend to be extremely demanding, however, to the extent that they rapidly become impractical at small quark masses. Recent advances in simulation algorithms now allow such simulations to be pushed to significantly smaller masses without having to compromise in other ways. Contact with chiral perturbation theory can thus be made and many physics questions can be addressed that previously appeared to be inaccessible.
description: Plenary talk given at the 23rd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory, Dublin 25-30 July 2005, LaTex source, 17 pages
Representing games as coalition production economies with public goods
Creators: name: Meseguer-Artola, Antoni
name: Wooders, Myrna Holtz
name: Martinez-Legaz, Juan-Enrique
name: Meseguer-Artola, Antoni
name: Wooders, Myrna Holtz
name: Martinez-Legaz, Juan-Enrique
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: Public Economics
Research Methods/ Statistical Methods

description: In this paper we introduce a new approach to representing both TU-games and NTU-games as special economic structures. Instead of representing a game as a market – an exchange economy with concave utility functions – as in the extant literature, we represent an arbitrary game as a coalition production economy with a public good. The economy provides an indirect description of the game. Our model uses the idea of a social planner or arbitrager who, through arbitrage on productive activities, seeks to minimize the net cost of providing the public good subject to the constraint that the society satis…es its reservation welfare level. Note that in constrast to the prior literature on representing games as economic structures, we require neither that the game be balanced nor that there are large numbers of players. Our approach to representing a game as an economic structure uses techniques from consumer demand theory and, in particular, the notion of a compensated demand correspondence. The main results of this paper exhibit a relationship between cooperative game theory and consumer demand theory
The rigorous derivation of the $\mathbb{T}^{2}$ focusing cubic NLS from 3D
Creators: name: Shen, Shunlin
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Analysis of PDEs (math.AP)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We derive rigorously the 2D periodic focusing cubic NLS as the mean-field limit of the 3D focusing quantum many-body dynamics describing a dilute Bose gas with periodic boundary condition in the $x$-direction and a well of infinite-depth in the $z$-direction. Physical experiments for these systems are scarce. We find that, to fulfill the empirical requirement for observing NLS dynamics in experiments, namely, the kinetic energy dominates the potential energy, it is necessary to impose an extra restriction on the system parameters. This restriction gives rises to an unusual coupling constant.
description: v2, improved result
Reflection of the strahl within the foot of the Earth’s bow shock
Creators: name: Gurgiolo, Christopher A.
name: Goldstein, Melvyn L.
name: Viñas, Adolfo
Publisher: name: ANGEO
Year: 2023
Subjects: classificationCode: 37
subject: Earth sciences
classificationCode: 3706
subject: Geophysics
subject: FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences

description: The reflection of a fraction of the solar wind at the bow shock to some extent defines the physical properties of what is known as the foreshock, the region where the interplanetary magnetic field has a direct connection to the bow shock. Both ion and electron reflection have been observed and together form a significant source of free energy that is responsible for many of the instabilities observed in this region. In this paper we concentrate on the reflection of electrons at the shock and report two significant findings: the first is that the strahl, the field-aligned component of the electron solar wind distribution, appears to be fully reflected at the bow shock; the second finding is that the reflection is observed to occur in the foot of the shock and not in the shock ramp. This latter observation implies that mirroring in these examples is not the primary determinant of the electron reflection process.
In a model of majority voting with common values and costly but voluntary participation, we show that in the vicinity of equilibrium, it is always Pareto-improving for more agents, on the average, to vote. This demonstrates that the negative voting externality identified by Borgers(2001) in the context of private values is always dominated by a positive informational externality. In addition, we show that multiple Pareto-ranked voting equilibria may exist and moreover, majority voting with compulsory participation can Pareto dominate majority voting with voluntary participation. Finally, we show that the inefficiency result is robust to limited preference heterogeneity
Creators: name: Ghosal, Sayantan
name: Lockwood, Ben
name: Ghosal, Sayantan
name: Lockwood, Ben
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Political Economy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: Voting
subject: information
subject: pivot
subject: externality
subject: inefficiency

description: In a model of majority voting with common values and costly but voluntary participation, we show that in the vicinity of equilibrium, it is always Pareto-improving for more agents, on the average, to vote. This demonstrates that the negative voting externality identified by Borgers(2001) in the context of private values is always dominated by a positive informational externality. In addition, we show that multiple Pareto-ranked voting equilibria may exist and moreover, majority voting with compulsory participation can Pareto dominate majority voting with voluntary participation. Finally, we show that the inefficiency result is robust to limited preference heterogeneity.
Raman spectroscopy on carbon nanotubes at high pressure
Creators: name: Loa, I.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Condensed Matter (cond-mat)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Raman spectroscopy has been the most extensively employed method to study carbon nanotubes at high pressures. This review covers reversible pressure-induced changes of the lattice dynamics and structure of single- and multi-wall carbon nanotubes as well as irreversible transformations induced by high pressures. The interplay of covalent and van-der-Waals bonding in single-wall nanotube bundles and a structural distortion near 2 GPa are discussed in detail. Attempts of transforming carbon nanotubes into diamond and other "superhard" phases are reviewed critically.
description: 33 pages, 20 figures, review article, to appear in J. Raman Spectroscopy
Additional file 10 of Activity-dependent redistribution of CaMKII in the postsynaptic compartment of hippocampal neurons
Creators: name: Tao-Cheng, Jung-Hwa
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Cell Biology
subject: Molecular Biology
subject: Neuroscience
subject: Physiology
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: 69999 Biological Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: Developmental Biology
subject: Inorganic Chemistry
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: 110309 Infectious Diseases
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 10.
UBC's urban tree canopy : growing towards sustainability or a declining resource?
Creators: name: Sutherland, Ira
Publisher: name: The University of British Columbia
Year: 2014

description: UBC’s urban tree canopy provides a broad suite of ecosystem services that support the community’s well-being and many of the university’s goals and values. Despite their importance, these ecosystem services are poorly understood and at risk of declining as the campus expands its built infrastructure. This study aims to provide a better understanding of the benefits provided by UBC’s urban trees and elucidate possible implications of canopy reductions. Through a geospatial analysis this study estimates canopy cover and canopy structure changes at four study areas on the UBC Vancouver campus. At one of the study sites, placed in the south campus, canopy cover declined from 57% to 33% during the study period 2004-2009, which likely translates to a substantial decline in ecosystem services. This paper concludes with recommendations towards not only sustaining the benefits provided by UBC’s urban tree canopy, but perhaps enhancing them through innovative ideas that support UBC’s commitments to leadership in sustainability. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
Stabilizing two-dimensional quantum scars by deformation and synchronization
Creators: name: Michailidis, A. A.
name: Turner, C. J.
name: Papić, Z.
name: Abanin, D. A.
name: Serbyn, M.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
subject: Quantum Gases (cond-mat.quant-gas)
subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Relaxation to a thermal state is the inevitable fate of non-equilibrium interacting quantum systems without special conservation laws. While thermalization in one-dimensional (1D) systems can often be suppressed by integrability mechanisms, in two spatial dimensions thermalization is expected to be far more effective due to the increased phase space. In this work we propose a general framework for escaping or delaying the emergence of the thermal state in two-dimensional (2D) arrays of Rydberg atoms via the mechanism of quantum scars, i.e. initial states that fail to thermalize. The suppression of thermalization is achieved in two complementary ways: by adding local perturbations or by adjusting the driving Rabi frequency according to the local connectivity of the lattice. We demonstrate that these mechanisms allow to realize robust quantum scars in various two-dimensional lattices, including decorated lattices with non-constant connectivity. In particular, we show that a small decrease of the Rabi frequency at the corners of the lattice is crucial for mitigating the strong boundary effects in two-dimensional systems. Our results identify synchronization as an important tool for future experiments on two-dimensional quantum scars.
description: 12 pages, 10 figures
Reflection of the strahl within the foot of the Earth’s bow shock
Creators: name: Gurgiolo, Christopher A.
name: Goldstein, Melvyn L.
name: Viñas, Adolfo
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: The reflection of a fraction of the solar wind at the bow shock to some extent defines the physical properties of what is known as the foreshock, the region where the interplanetary magnetic field has a direct connection to the bow shock. Both ion and electron reflection have been observed and together form a significant source of free energy that is responsible for many of the instabilities observed in this region. In this paper we concentrate on the reflection of electrons at the shock and report two significant findings: the first is that the strahl, the field-aligned component of the electron solar wind distribution, appears to be fully reflected at the bow shock; the second finding is that the reflection is observed to occur in the foot of the shock and not in the shock ramp. This latter observation implies that mirroring in these examples is not the primary determinant of the electron reflection process.
An ultraviolet-selected galaxy redshift survey - III: Multicolour imaging and non-uniform star formation histories
Creators: name: Sullivan, Mark
name: Treyer, Marie
name: Ellis, Richard
name: Mobasher, Bahram
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: (abridged) We present panoramic u' and optical ground-based imaging observations of a complete sample of low-redshift (0
description: MNRAS; post-referee report version. 16 pages, 10 figures
Learning to play approximate Nash equilibria in games with many players
Creators: name: Cartwright, Edward
name: Cartwright, Edward
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods
subject: imitation
subject: best reply
subject: convergence
subject: Nash equilibrium

description: We illustrate one way in which a population of boundedly rational individuals can learn to play an approximate Nash equilibrium. Players are assumed to make strategy choices using a combination of imitation and innovation. We begin by looking at an imitation dynamic and provide conditions under which play evolves to an imitation equilibrium; convergence is conditional on the network of social interaction. We then illustrate, through example, how imitation and innovation can complement each other; in particular, we demonstrate how imitation can ëhelpí a population to learn to play a Nash equilibrium where more rational methods do not. This leads to our main result in which we provide a general class of large game for which the imitation with innovation dynamic almost surely converges to an approximate Nash, imitation equilibrium.
Fast in situ observation of atomic Feshbach resonances by photoassociative ionization
Creators: name: Eisele, M.
name: Maier, R. A. W.
name: Zimmermann, C.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Atomic Physics (physics.atom-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We propose and experimentally investigate a scheme for observing Feshbach resonances in atomic quantum gases in situ and with a high temporal resolution of several ten nanoseconds. The method is based on the detection of molecular ions, which are optically generated from atom pairs at small interatomic distances. As test system we use a standard rubidium gas (87Rb) with well known magnetically tunable Feshbach resonances. The fast speed and the high sensitivity of our detection scheme allows to observe a complete Feshbach resonance within one millisecond and without destroying the gas.
description: 5 pages, 4 figures
Quote cards from projects studied by EURAKNOS
Creators: name: Palczynski, Laura
name: Spanoghe, Pieter
Publisher: name: Zenodo
Year: 2022
Subjects: thematic network
multi-actor approach
quotes
templates

description: ZIP archive of the PowerPoint Quote Cards, which have key feedback or ideas in the form of quotes from people working in the projects studied by EURAKNOS
Technical Report: SPIDAL Summer REU 2020: Implementing an HDF5-based File Format Coordinate Reader into MDAnalysis
Creators: name: Jakupovic, Edis
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Computational Physics
subject: 29901 Biological Physics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Computer Software
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences

description: Molecular dynamics (MD) trajectory files are now commonly Terabytes in size, which comes with the negative consequence that reading the file and extracting useful data has become a bottleneck in the analysis of MD trajectories. Results in recent works have shown that a message passing interface implementation which reads an HDF5 file in parallel is a promising approach to speeding up trajectory analysis, so the goal of this project was to implement a trajectory reader class, H5MDReader, into MDAnalysis that is capable of reading an H5MD file in parallel through the parallel I/O features of an MPI library. This was done using the h5py Python package, which can handle HDF5 file objects with MPI drivers for parallel reading and writing. The parallel features of H5MDReader have not been thoroughly tested, however the serial capabilities were benchmarked by calculating the RMSD of sample trajectories versus various file formats. The results show that, in serial, H5MDReader takes a substantially longer time to read files than other formats, which requires analysis into where H5MDReader is spending time during I/O.
title: Zielone dachy i ściany jako elementy wspomagające miejskie systemy zieleni
Creators: name: Kasińska-Andruszkiewicz, Agnieszka
Publisher: name: Publishing House of Poznan University of Technology
Year: 2020

description: Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Architektura, Urbanistyka, Architektura wnętrz, 1, 75-89
Mass matrix Ansatz and lepton flavor violation in the THDM-III
Creators: name: Diaz-Cruz, J. L.
name: Noriega-Papaqui, R.
name: Rosado, A.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: Predictive Higgs-fermion couplings can be obtained when a specific texture for the fermion mass matrices is included in the general two-Higgs doublet model. We derive the form of these couplings in the charged lepton sector using a Hermitian mass matrix Ansatz with four-texture zeros. The presence of unconstrained phases in the vertices phi-li-lj modifies the pattern of flavor-violating Higgs interactions. Bounds on the model parameters are obtained from present limits on rare lepton flavor violating processes, which could be extended further by the search for the decay tau -> mu mu mu and mu-e conversion at future experiments. The signal from Higgs boson decays phi -> tau mu could be searched at the large hadron collider (LHC), while e-mu transitions could produce a detectable signal at a future e mu-collider, through the reaction e mu -> h0 -> tau tau.
description: 17 pages, 9 figures
Lepton Pair Production Through Two Photon Process in Heavy Ion Collisions
Creators: name: Klein, Spencer
name: Mueller, Al
name: Xiao, Bo-Wen
name: Yuan, Feng
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph)
subject: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex)
subject: Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex)
subject: Nuclear Theory (nucl-th)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: This paper investigates the electromagnetic production of lepton pairs with low transverse momentum in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We estimate the initial photons' transverse momentum contributions by employing models where the average transverse momentum squared of the incoming photon can be calculated in the equivalent photon approximation. We further derive an all order QED resummation for the soft photon radiation, which gives an excellent description of the ATLAS data in ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC. For peripheral and central collisions, additional $p_T$-broadening effects from multiple interaction with the medium and the magnetic field contributions from the quark-gluon plasma are also discussed.
description: 21 pages, 13 figures; added more discussions on the generalized equivalent photon approximation and 3 new figures
Mind the first step : The intrapersonal effects of affet on the decision to initiate negotiations under bargaining power asymmetry
Creators: name: Kapoutsis, Ilias
name: Volkema, Roger
name: Lampaki, Antonia
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: We undertook two vignette studies to examine the role of affect (trait and state) and bargaining power on initiating negotiations, an often overlooked stage of the negotiation process. Using a job negotiation opportunity, we examine three distinct phases of the initiation process—engaging a counterpart, making a request, and optimizing a request. Study 1 examines the effects of two affect dispositions (happiness and sadness), under power asymmetry (low vs. high bargaining power), on the three initiation behaviors. We found that power is pivotal to the decision to engage, request, and optimize. Also, sadness reduces the likelihood of initiation when power is high but is immaterial when power is low. In contrast, individuals who tend to be happy can reverse the adverse effect of powerlessness on requesting, but not on engaging and optimizing. However, happiness does not carry over a positive effect on negotiation initiation, over and above that of power. Study 2 investigated the role of trait affect when individuals are in power asymmetry and when they are induced with sadness or happiness. We found that those with a happy disposition initiate more (engage, request, and optimize) when power is high and experience incidental sadness. Overall, these findings qualify previous research on negotiation initiation and highlight the importance of trait affect and its interaction with state affect as additional driving forces and of power as a boundary condition.
Super-roughening as a disorder-dominated flat phase
Creators: name: Ares, Saul
name: Sanchez, Angel
name: Bishop, Alan R.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Statistical Mechanics (cond-mat.stat-mech)
subject: Mathematical Physics (math-ph)
subject: Pattern Formation and Solitons (nlin.PS)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We study the phenomenon of super-roughening found on surfaces growing on disordered substrates. We consider a one-dimensional version of the problem for which the pure, ordered model exhibits a roughening phase transition. Extensive numerical simulations combined with analytical approximations indicate that super-roughening is a regime of asymptotically flat surfaces with non-trivial, rough short-scale features arising from the competition between surface tension and disorder. Based on this evidence and on previous simulations of the two-dimensional Random sine-Gordon model [Sanchez et al., Phys. Rev. E 62, 3219 (2000)], we argue that this scenario is general and explains equally well the hitherto poorly understood two-dimensional case.
description: 7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters
Using matrices in post-processing phase of CFD simulations
Creators: name: Argentini, Gianluca
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2004
Subjects: subject: Numerical Analysis (math.NA)
subject: Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Mathematics
subject: FOS: Computer and information sciences
subject: FOS: Physical sciences
subject: C.1.4; D.1.3; G.1.0

description: In this work I present a technique of construction and fast evaluation of a family of cubic polynomials for analytic smoothing and graphical rendering of particles trajectories for flows in a generic geometry. The principal result of the work was implementation and test of a method for interpolating 3D points by regular parametric curves and their fast and efficient evaluation for a good resolution of rendering. For the purpose I have used a parallel environment using a multiprocessor cluster architecture. The efficiency of the used method is good, mainly reducing the number of floating-points computations by caching the numerical values of some line-parameter's powers, and reducing the necessity of communication among processes. This work has been developed for the Research and Development Department of my company for planning advanced customized models of industrial burners.
description: Paper based on presentation-talk at SCICOMP9, Bologna (Italy), March 23-26, 2004; workshop organized by IBM, CINECA (Italy) (dr. Sigismondo Boschi, dr. Giovanni Erbacci), NERSC-DOE (USA) (dr. David Skinner), web site: www.spscicomp.org ; main topics: Computational Fluid Dynamics
Implementing Options Markets in California To Manage Water Supply Uncertainty
Creators: name: Hansen, Kristiana
name: Howitt, Richard
name: Williams, Jeffrey
name: Hansen, Kristiana
name: Howitt, Richard
name: Williams, Jeffrey
Publisher: name: Unknown
Year: 1988
Subjects: subject: Agricultural and Food Policy
subject: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy
subject: Risk and Uncertainty
subject: water markets
subject: state-contingent outcomes
subject: options

description: In California, the tremendous spatial and temporal variation in precipitation suggests that flexible contractual arrangements, such as option contracts, would increase allocative efficiency of water over time and space. Under such arrangements, a water agency pays an option premium for the right to purchase water at some point in the future, if water conditions tum out to be dry. The premium represents the value of the flexibility gained by the buyer from postponing its decision whether to purchase water. In California, the · seller of existing option arrangements is often an agricultural producer who can fallow land, in the event that a water option is exercised. In this simulation-optimization approach, we seek to determine the value of transferring water uncertainty from one party to another at several locations in California, given current water prices and the spatial and temporal distribution of water year types in the state. (Preliminary analysis covers northern California; future analysis will incorporate southern California.) We analyze within a mathematical programming framework whether increased trading among water agencies across time as well as space would result in significant gains from trade. We use output from CALVIN, an economicengineeririg optimization model of the California water system which runs the current configuration of the California water system over historical hydrological conditions, to generate water's imputed price at different locations during different seasons. We also explore reasons why previous theoretical calculations of option value in the western United States have far exceeded option premia on existing bilateral contracts.
The Proper Forcing Axiom and the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis
Creators: name: Viale, Matteo
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2005
Subjects: subject: Logic (math.LO)
subject: FOS: Mathematics

description: We show that the Proper Forcing Axiom implies the Singular Cardinal Hypothesis. The proof is by interpolation and uses the Mapping Reflection Principle.
description: 10 pages
A Novel Multi-Dimensional Boltzmann Neutrino Transport Scheme for Core-Collapse Supernovae
Creators: name: Chan, Conrad
name: Mueller, Bernhard
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE)
subject: Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
subject: Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: We introduce a new discrete-ordinate scheme for solving the general relativistic Boltzmann transport equation in the context of core-collapse supernovae. Our algorithm avoids the need to spell out the complicated advection terms in energy and angle that arise when the transport equation is formulated in spherical polar coordinates, in the comoving frame, or in a general relativistic spacetime. We instead approach the problem by calculating the advection of neutrinos across momentum space using an intuitive particle-like approach that has excellent conservation properties and fully accounts for Lorentz boosts, general relativistic effects, and grid geometry terms. In order to avoid the need for a global implicit solution, time integration is performed using a locally implicit Lax-Wendroff scheme that correctly reproduces the diffusion limit. This will facilitate the use of our method on massively parallel distributed-memory architectures. We have verified the accuracy and stability of our scheme with a suite of test problems in spherical symmetry and axisymmetry. To demonstrate that the new algorithm works stably in core-collapse supernova simulations, we have coupled it to the general relativistic hydrodynamics code CoCoNuT and present a first demonstration run of a $20M_\odot$ progenitor with a reduced set of neutrino opacities.
description: 22 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS
X-ray Spectroscopy of Thermally Emitting Neutron Stars
Creators: name: van Kerkwijk, M. H.
Publisher: name: arXiv
Year: 2003
Subjects: subject: Astrophysics (astro-ph)
subject: FOS: Physical sciences

description: I describe recent high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy of surface emission from nearby, thermally emitting neutron stars. I focus on RX J0720.4-3125, RX J1308.6+2127, and RX J1605.3+3249, all of which have similar temperature, but differ in the presence and strength of absorption features in their spectra. I discuss possible causes for the absorption we see in two sources, and conclude that it may be proton cyclotron line absorption, but weakened due to the strong-field quantum electrodynamics effect of vacuum resonance mode conversion.
description: 4 pages, 1 figure. To appear in "Young Neutron Stars and Their Environments" (IAU Symposium 218, ASP Conference Proceedings), eds F. Camilo and B. M. Gaensler
Additional file 3 of Gut microbiota from persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder affects the brain in mice
Creators: name: Tengeler, Anouk C.
name: Dam, Sarita A.
name: Wiesmann, Maximilian
name: Naaijen, Jilly
name: Bodegom, Miranda Van
name: Belzer, Clara
name: Dederen, Pieter J.
name: Verweij, Vivienne
name: Franke, Barbara
name: Kozicz, Tamas
name: Vasquez, Alejandro Arias
name: Kiliaan, Amanda J.
Publisher: name: figshare
Year: 2020
Subjects: subject: Biochemistry
subject: Medicine
subject: Genetics
subject: FOS: Biological sciences
subject: Neuroscience
subject: 39999 Chemical Sciences not elsewhere classified
subject: FOS: Chemical sciences
subject: Ecology
subject: Cancer
subject: 111714 Mental Health
subject: FOS: Health sciences

description: Additional file 3: Title of data: Supplementary tables. Table S1. Imaging parameters for the anatomical references, rsfMRI, ASL and DTI. Table S2. Statistical outliers which were removed from the dataset per test.
EU single market(s) after Brexit
Creators: name: Egan, Michelle
Publisher: name: American University
Year: 2023

description: This article focuses on the European single market, which has been one of the central issues in terms of the impacts of Britain’s withdrawal from the EU. As the aim of the single market project is to open the internal borders of the EU to the free movement of goods, services, capital, and labor to create cross-jurisdictional markets, the economic and political effects of Brexit will be widespread, if not yet fully understood, outside the British polity. The article looks at the current state of the single market, then highlights the impact of British withdrawal on economic governance, focusing on different market freedoms, given the degree of trade interdependence and integrated supply chains that have evolved in response to changes in goods and services. One of the lessons from Brexit negotiations is the importance of distinguishing between different single market(s) when assessing the impact of British ‘exit’ on member states. The concluding section focuses on the political safeguards of market integration to manage the relationship between the UK and EU, to illustrate how judicial, market, and institutional safeguards create options and constraints in mitigating the effects of ‘exit’.